bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of opposite thermal behaviors in Tm3+/Eu3+ co-doped YVO4 for high-sensitivity optical thermometry
Authors: Zhou Shaoshuai , Li Xiaoman , Zhang Shoubao 
Published: February 2021

Temperature-induced redshift of the V-O charge transfer band edge and the temperature quenching effect were combined for designing ratiometric optical thermometry. Following this approach, opposite thermal behaviors of

T
m

3
+

and

E
u

3
+

emissions were realized in the range of 300 to 380 K in

T
m

3
+

/

E
u

3
+

co-doped

Y
V
O

4

. Applying the temperature dependent fluorescence intensity ratio of

E
u

3
+

to

T
m

3
+

as temperature readout, the maximal relative sensitivity reaches up to

4.6

%

K

−
1

around 330 K. This result makes our proposed strategy an excellent candidate for developing high-sensitivity optical thermometry.
Over 255  mW single-frequency fiber laser with high slope efficiency and power stability based on an ultrashort Yb-doped crystal-derived silica fiber
Authors: Wan Ying , Wen Jianxiang , Jiang Chen , Tang Fengzai , Wen Jing , Huang Sujuan , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun 
Published: February 2021

A single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1030 nm has been demonstrated using a 0.7 cm long homemade Yb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF). The absorption and emission cross sections of the YCDSF are

4.93
×

10

−
20

cm

2

at 980 nm and

1.1
×

10

−
20

cm

2

at 1030 nm. Using this gain fiber, an over 255 mW continuous-wave lasing in the constructed laser has been obtained at single transverse and longitudinal mode operation. The slope efficiency and the pump threshold of the fiber laser were up to ∼35% and as low as 25 mW, respectively. The fiber laser also demonstrated an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 79 dB and a beam quality factor of 1.016 in two orthogonal directions. Its power fluctuation at 210.5 mW was less than 0.85% of the average power within 13 h. Moreover, the relative intensity noise and linewidth of the laser are also investigated at the different pump powers. The results indicate that the single-frequency DBR fiber laser has potential applications in high-quality seed sources and high-precision optical sensing.
Outcomes within a year following first ever stroke in Tanzania
Authors: Tessua Kezia Kodawa , Munseri Patricia , Matuja Sarah Shali 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundStroke contributes to a significant proportion of deaths and disability worldwide, with a high fatality rate within 30 days following a first ever stroke. We describe the outcomes within one year among patients who succumbed a first ever stroke and survived the first 30 days.MethodsParticipants were patients who survived after 30 days from succumbing a first ever stroke admitted at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Academic Medical Center. Stroke survivors or their next of kin were contacted at one year after succumbing a first stroke to determine the outcomes. We assessed participants’ vital status and level of disability using the modified Rankin scale. Assessment on utilization of stroke secondary preventive measures among survivors was done by an interviewer-based questionnaire that assessed the number of times participants attended follow up clinics, medication refill and adherence. Participants were examined for waist-hip ratio, body mass index and blood pressure. Cholesterol levels were assessed at one year post first stroke for survivors. Outcomes were summarized as proportions, survival at one year was estimated by using the Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis was performed to determine for predictors of mortality.ResultsWe recruited 130 first stroke survivors. Mortality within one year was 53/130 (40.8%) and disability rate measured by Modified Rankin Scale with scores of 3–5 was 29/77 (37.7%) among survivors. Factors associated with mortality were residual disability HR = 8.60, {95% CI (1.16–63.96)}, severe stroke, HR = 2.67 {95% CI (1.44–4.95)} and residing in Dar-es-Salaam HR = 2.15 {95% (CI 1.06–4.36)}. Non-adherence rates to antihypertensives, antiplatelets and statins was 11/73 (15.1%), 9/23 (39.1%) and 18/22 (81.8%) respectively. Attendance rates of follow-up clinics among all survivors and physiotherapy among survivors with disability are 45/77 (58.4%) and 16/29 (55.2%) respectively.ConclusionsThe mortality and disability rates within a year following a first ever stroke among 30 days stroke survivors is high. Secondary stroke preventive measures should be enhanced to mitigate stroke adverse outcomes. Community outreach programs could be useful interventions in preventing the adverse outcomes of stroke.
A prospective study on the use of ultralow-dose computed tomography with iterative reconstruction for the follow-up of patients liver and renal abscess
Authors: Seo Nieun , Park Mi-Suk , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Kim Myeong-Jin , Chung Yong Eun , Ku Nam Su 
Published: February 2021

Background
Radiation dose reduction is a major concern in patients who undergo computed tomography (CT) to follow liver and renal abscess.

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of ultralow-dose CT with iterative reconstruction (IR) to follow patients with liver and renal abscess.

Methods
This prospective study included 18 patients who underwent ultralow-dose CT with IR to follow abscesses (liver abscesses in 10 patients and renal abscesses in 8 patients; ULD group). The control group consisted of 14 patients who underwent follow-up standard-dose CT for liver abscesses during the same period. The objective image noise was evaluated by measuring standard deviation (SD) in the liver and subcutaneous fat to select a specific IR for qualitative analysis. Two radiologists independently evaluated subjective image quality, noise, and diagnostic confidence to evaluate abscess using a five-point Likert scale. Qualitative parameters were compared between the ULD and control groups with the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
The mean CT dose index volume and dose length product of standard-dose CT were 8.7 ± 1.8 mGy and 555.8 ± 142.8 mGy·cm, respectively. Mean dose reduction of ultralow-dose CT was 71.8% compared to standard-dose CT. After measuring SDs, iDose level 5, which showed similar SD to standard-dose CT in both the subcutaneous fat and liver (P = 0.076, and P = 0.124), was selected for qualitative analysis. Ultralow-dose CT showed slightly worse subjective image quality (P < 0.001 for reader 1, and P = 0.005 for reader 2) and noise (P = 0.004 for reader 1, and P = 0.001 for reader 2) than standard-dose CT. However, the diagnostic confidence of ultralow-dose CT for evaluating abscess was comparably excellent to standard-dose CT (P = 0.808 for reader 1, and P = 0.301 for reader 2).

Conclusions
Ultralow-dose CT with IR can be used in the follow-up of liver and renal abscess with comparable diagnostic confidence.
Pediatric fever in neutropenia with bacteremia—Pathogen distribution and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns over time in a retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Stergiotis Melina , Ammann Roland A. , Droz Sara , Koenig Christa , Agyeman Philipp Kwame Abayie 
Published: February 2021

Background
Fever in neutropenia (FN) is a potentially life-threatening complication of chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients. The current standard of care at most institutions is emergency hospitalization and empirical initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Methods
We analyzed in retrospect FN episodes with bacteremia in pediatric cancer patients in a single center cohort from 1993 to 2012. We assessed the distribution of pathogens, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and their trends over time.

Results
From a total of 703 FN episodes reported, we assessed 134 FN episodes with bacteremia with 195 pathogens isolated in 102 patients. Gram-positive pathogens (124, 64%) were more common than Gram-negative (71, 36%). This proportion did not change over time (p = 0.26). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (64, 32%), viridans group streptococci (42, 22%), Escherichia coli (33, 17%), Klebsiella spp. (10, 5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (nine, 5%) were the most common pathogens. Comparing the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone plus amikacin (64%; 95%CI: 56%-72%), cefepime (64%; 95%CI 56%-72%), meropenem (64%; 95%CI 56%-72), and piperacillin/tazobactam (62%; 95%CI 54%-70%), respectively, did not differ significantly. The addition of vancomycin to those regimens would have increased significantly in vitro activity to 99% for ceftriaxone plus amikacin, cefepime, meropenem, and 96% for piperacillin/tazobactam (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Over two decades, we detected a relative stable pathogen distribution and found no relevant trend in the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Different recommended antibiotic regimens showed comparable in vitro antimicrobial activity.
Birth outcomes, pregnancy complications, and postpartum mental health after the 2013 Calgary flood: A difference in difference analysis
Authors: Hetherington Erin , Adhikari Kamala , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Patten Scott , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: February 2021

Background
In June 2013, the city of Calgary, Alberta and surrounding areas sustained significant flooding which resulted in large scale evacuations and closure of businesses and schools. Floods can increase stress which may negatively impact perinatal outcomes and mental health, but previous research is inconsistent. The objectives of this study are to examine the impact of the flood on pregnancy health, birth outcomes and postpartum mental health.

Methods
Linked administrative data from the province of Alberta were used. Outcomes included preterm birth, small for gestational age, a new diagnoses of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, and a diagnosis of, or drug prescription for, depression or anxiety. Data were analyzed using a quasi-experimental difference in difference design, comparing flooded and non-flooded areas and in affected and unaffected time periods. Multivariable log binomial regression models were used to estimate risk ratios, adjusted for maternal age. Marginal probabilities for the difference in difference term were used to show the potential effect of the flood.

Results
Participants included 18,266 nulliparous women for the pregnancy outcomes, and 26,956 women with infants for the mental health analysis. There were no effects for preterm birth (DID 0.00, CI: -0.02, 0.02), small for gestational age (DID 0.00, CI: -0.02, 0.02), or new cases of preeclampsia (DID 0.00, CI: -0.01, 0.01). There was a small increase in new cases of gestational hypertension (DID 0.02, CI: 0.01, 0.03) in flood affected areas. There were no differences in postpartum anxiety or depression prescriptions or diagnoses.

Conclusion
The Calgary 2013 flood was associated with a minor increase in gestational hypertension and not other health outcomes. Universal prenatal care and magnitude of the disaster may have minimized impacts of the flood on pregnant women.
Client-care provider interaction during labour and birth as experienced by women: Respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy
Authors: van der Pijl Marit S. G. , Kasperink Marlies , Hollander Martine H. , Verhoeven Corine , Kingma Elselijn , de Jonge Ank 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionRespectful Maternity Care is important for achieving a positive labour and birth experience. Client-care provider interaction—specifically respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy—is an important aspect of Respectful Maternity Care. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess Dutch women’s experience of respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy during labour and birth and (2) to identify which client characteristics are associated with experiencing optimal respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy.MethodsPregnant women and women who recently gave birth in the Netherlands were recruited to fill out a validated web-based questionnaire (ReproQ). Mean scores per domain (scale 1–4) were calculated. Domains were dichotomised in non-optimal (score 1, 2,3) and optimal client-care provider interaction (score 4), and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsOf the 1367 recruited women, 804 respondents completed the questionnaire and 767 respondents completed enough questions to be included for analysis. Each domain had a mean score above 3.5. The domain confidentiality had the highest proportion of optimal scores (64.0%), followed by respect (53.3%), communication (45.1%) and autonomy (36.2%). In all four domains, women who gave birth at home with a community midwife had a higher proportion of optimal scores than women who gave birth in the hospital with a (resident) obstetrician or hospital-based midwife. Lower education level, being multiparous and giving birth spontaneously were also significantly associated with a higher proportion of optimal scores in (one of) the domains.DiscussionThis study shows that on average women scored high on experienced client-care provider interaction in the domains respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy. At the same time, client-care provider interaction in the Netherlands still fell short of being optimal for a large number of women, in particular regarding women’s autonomy. These results show there is still room for improvement in client-care provider interaction during labour and birth.
Barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections: A qualitative study with general practitioners in Malta
Authors: Saliba-Gustafsson Erika A. , Nyberg Anna , Borg Michael A. , Rosales-Klintz Senia , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a leading global public health concern and antibiotic use is a key driver. Effective interventions are needed to target key stakeholders, including general practitioners (GPs). In Malta, little is known about factors that influence GPs’ antibiotic prescribing, making it challenging to implement targeted interventions. We therefore aimed to explore GPs’ understanding of antibiotic use and resistance, and describe their perceived barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in Malta.MethodsFace-to-face individual semi-structured interviews were held with a quota sample of 20 GPs in 2014. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and later analysed iteratively using manifest and latent content analysis. Findings were collated in a socioecological model to depict how GPs as individuals are embedded within larger social systems and contexts, and how each component within this system impacts their prescribing behaviour.FindingsWe found that GPs’ antibiotic prescribing decisions are complex and impacted by numerous barriers and facilitators at the individual, interpersonal, organisational, community, and public policy level. Predominant factors found to impact GPs’ antibiotic prescribing included not only intrinsic GP factors such as knowledge, awareness, experience, and misconceptions, but also several external factors. At the interpersonal level, GPs’ perceived patient demand and behaviour to be a persistent issue that impacts their prescribing decisions. Similarly, some GPs found pressure from drug reps to be concerning despite being considered an important source of information. Organisational and public policy-level issues such as lack of access to relevant antibiotic prescribing guidelines and current antibiotic resistance data from the community, were also considered major barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Utilisation of diagnostic testing was found to be low and GPs’ perceptions on the introduction of rapid point-of-care tests to support antibiotic prescription decisions, were mixed.ConclusionThis study revealed the complexity of the antibiotic prescribing decision and the numerous barriers and facilitators that impact it, visualised through a socioecological model. Addressing GPs’ antibiotic prescribing practices will require targeted and coordinated implementation activities at all levels to change behaviour and address misconceptions, whilst also improving the physical and social environment.Trial registration numberNCT03218930;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03218930.
Impact of positive biphasic pressure during low and high inspiratory efforts in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia
Authors: da Cruz Daniela G. , de Magalhães Raquel F. , Padilha Gisele A. , da Silva Mariana C. , Braga Cassia L. , Silva Adriana R. , Gonçalves de Albuquerque Cassiano F. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Samary Cynthia S. , Pelosi Paolo , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Silva Pedro L. 
Published: February 2021

Background
During pneumonia, normal alveolar areas coexist adjacently with consolidated areas, and high inspiratory efforts may predispose to lung damage. To date, no study has evaluated different degrees of effort during Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT) on lung and diaphragm damage in experimental pneumonia, though largely used in clinical setting. We aimed to evaluate lung damage, genes associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and diaphragmatic injury, and blood bacteria in pressure-support ventilation (PSV), BIVENT with low and high inspiratory efforts in experimental pneumonia.

Material and methods
Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (mean ± SD weight, 333±78g) were submitted Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia. After 24-h, animals were ventilated for 1h in: 1) PSV; 2) BIVENT with low (BIVENTLow-Effort); and 3) BIVENT with high inspiratory effort (BIVENTHigh-Effort). BIVENT was set at Phigh to achieve VT = 6 ml/kg and Plow at 5 cmH2O (n = 7/group). High- and low-effort conditions were obtained through anaesthetic infusion modulation based on neuromuscular drive (P0.1). Lung mechanics, histological damage score, blood bacteria, and expression of genes related to VILI in lung tissue, and inflammation in diaphragm tissue.

Results
Transpulmonary peak pressure and histological damage score were higher in BIVENTHigh-Effort compared to BIVENTLow-Effort and PSV [16.1 ± 1.9cmH2O vs 12.8 ± 1.5cmH2O and 12.5 ± 1.6cmH2O, p = 0.015, and p = 0.010; median (interquartile range) 11 (9–13) vs 7 (6–9) and 7 (6–9), p = 0.021, and p = 0.029, respectively]. BIVENTHigh-Effort increased interleukin-6 expression compared to BIVENTLow-Effort (p = 0.035) as well as expressions of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, amphiregulin, and type III procollagen compared to PSV (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Tumour necrosis factor-α expression in diaphragm tissue and blood bacteria were higher in BIVENTHigh-Effort than BIVENTLow-Effort (p = 0.002, p = 0.009, respectively).

Conclusion
BIVENT requires careful control of inspiratory effort to avoid lung and diaphragm damage, as well as blood bacteria. P0.1 might be considered a helpful parameter to optimize inspiratory effort.
Histological outcomes in HPV-screened elderly women in Denmark
Authors: St-Martin Gry , Viborg Petra Hall , Andersen Ane Birgitte Telén , Andersen Berit , Christensen Jette , Ejersbo Dorthe , Heje Hanne Nørgaard , Jochumsen Kirsten Marie , Johansen Tonje , Larsen Lise Grupe , Lynge Elsebeth , Serizawa Reza Rafiolsadat , Waldstrøm Marianne 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Danish women exit cervical cancer screening at age 65 years, but 23% of cervical cancer cases occur beyond this age. In addition, due to gradual implementation of cervical cancer screening, older women are underscreened by today´s standards. A one-time screening with HPV test was therefore offered to Danish women born before 1948.

Methods
Register based study reporting histology diagnoses and conizations in women found HPV positive in the one-time screening. Number and proportion of women with severe or non-severe histology results were calculated for screened and HPV-positive women by age group or region of residence. Number of women with biopsy and/or conization per case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or CIN3+ were also calculated by age groups and region.

Results
4,479 (4.1% of screened women) had positive HPV test. 94% of these had one or more additional tests. 2,785 (62%) of HPV-positive women had histology results, and conization was performed in 1,076 (24% of HPV-positive and 1% of all screened women). HPV positivity and CIN3+ detection varied little between regions, but the proportions of HPV positive women undergoing histology varied between regions from 40% to 86% and the proportion with conization from 13% to 36%. Correspondingly, the number of histologies and conizations per CIN3+ detected varied from 5.9 to 11.2 and 1.8 to 4.7, respectively. In total, 514 CIN2+ (0.47% of screened women, 11% of HPV-positive) and 337 CIN3+ (0.31% of screened women, 7.5% of HPV-positive) were diagnosed, including 37 cervical cancer cases.

Discussion
HPV screening of insufficiently screened birth cohorts can potentially prevent morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer but longer follow-up is needed to see if cancer incidence declines in the screened women in the coming years. Management strategies differed among regions which influenced the proportions undergoing biopsy/conization.
Mejora del protocolo de cribado de diabetes gestacional: estudio de validación diagnóstica
Authors: Calero Rojas Miguel , Jurado Roger Aurora , Gutiérrez Grúa Marta , de la Peña Carretero Lourdes , Romero Sotomayor Victoria , López Braos Javier , Izquierdo Carrasco Federico , Herrero Tabanera Luis , Moreno Aguilar Carmen 
Published: February 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la validez diagnóstica de dos métodos de cribado de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG).

Métodos
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de validación diagnóstica en 2007 embarazadas. Las participantes fueron asignadas al grupo de alto o bajo riesgo, dependiendo de los factores de riesgo que presentaran. Se realizó una prueba de HbA1c simultáneamente al protocolo estándar basado en el test de O’Sullivan (TOS). Posteriormente, se aplicó un algoritmo que combinaba los resultados de ambos biomarcadores.

Resultados
En el grupo de bajo riesgo, el TOS mostró un área bajo la curva mayor (AUC 0,953; IC95% 0,915–0,992) que la prueba de HbA1c (0,688; IC 95% 0,541–0,834). El mejor punto de corte del TOS, 153,5 mg/dL (8,52 mmol/L), mostró mayor validez diagnóstica que el de la HbA1c, 28 mmol/mol (4,75%) y que el algoritmo basado en ambas pruebas. En el grupo de alto riesgo, el TOS mostró mejor rendimiento diagnóstico que la HbA1c y el algoritmo. Los puntos de corte óptimos para el TOS fueron mayores que los recomendados en los protocolos actuales. Semana 13: TOS AUC 0,882 (IC 95% 0,843–0,921), HbA1c AUC 0,624 (IC 95% 0,562–0,686), punto de corte para el TOS 140,5 mg/dL (7,8 mmol/L), punto de corte para la HbA1c 33 mmol/mol (5,15%). Semana 24: TOS AUC 0,944 (IC 95% 0,925–0,962), HbA1c AUC 0,642 (IC 95% 0,575–0,709), punto de corte para el TOS, 145,5 mg/dL (8,08 mmol/L), punto de corte para la HbA1c 29 mmol/mol (4,85%).

Conclusiones
El método para el cribado de DMG basado en el test de O’Sullivan con valores límite superiores a los recomendados fue el que mostró mejor validez diagnóstica. Si se hubieran aplicado estos umbrales, se habría evitado la prueba de sobrecarga oral de glucosa con 100 g al 55,6% y al 13,7% de las gestantes de bajo y alto riesgo.