bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased petrogenic and biospheric organic carbon burial in sub‐Antarctic fjord sediments in response to recent glacier retreat
Authors: Berg Sonja , Jivcov Sandra , Kusch Stephanie , Kuhn Gerhard , White Duanne , Bohrmann Gerhard , Melles Martin , Rethemeyer Janet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFjords are recognized as hotspots of organic carbon (OC) burial in the coastal ocean. In fjords with glaciated catchments, glacier discharge carries large amounts of suspended matter. This sedimentary load includes OC from bedrock and terrigenous sources (modern vegetation, peat, soil deposits), which is either buried in the fjord or remineralized during export, acting as a potential source of CO2 to the atmosphere. In sub‐Antarctic South Georgia, fjord‐terminating glaciers have been retreating during the past decades, likely as a response to changing climate conditions. We determine sources of OC in surface sediments of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, using lipid biomarkers and the bulk 14C isotopic composition, and quantify OC burial at present and for the time period of documented glacier retreat (between 1958 and 2017). Petrogenic OC is the dominant type of OC in proximity to the present‐day calving fronts (60.4 ± 1.4% to 73.8 ± 2.6%) and decreases to 14.0 ± 2.7% outside the fjord, indicating that petrogenic OC is effectively buried in the fjord. Beside of marine OC, terrigenous OC comprises 2.7 ± 0.5% to 7.9 ± 5.9% and is mostly derived from modern plants and Holocene peat and soil deposits that are eroded along the flanks of the fjord, rather than released by the retreating fjord glaciers. We estimate that the retreat of tidewater glaciers between 1958 and 2017 led to an increase in petrogenic carbon accumulation of 22% in Cumberland West Bay and 6.5% in Cumberland East Bay, suggesting that successive glacier retreat does not only release petrogenic OC into the fjord, but also increases the capacity of OC burial.
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological problems associated with browning agents used in aquatic studies
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin , Peura Sari , Attermeyer Katrin , Bertilsson Stefan , Bolender Lucas , Buck Moritz , Einarsdóttir Karólína , Garcia Sarahi L. , Gollnisch Raphael , Grasset Charlotte , Groeneveld Marloes , Hawkes Jeffrey A. , Lindström Eva S. , Manthey Christin , Övergaard Robyn , Rengefors Karin , Sedano‐Núñez Vicente T. , Tranvik Lars J. , Székely Anna J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInland waters receive and process large amounts of colored organic matter from the terrestrial surroundings. These inputs dramatically affect the chemical, physical, and biological properties of water bodies, as well as their roles as global carbon sinks and sources. However, manipulative studies, especially at ecosystem scale, require large amounts of dissolved organic matter with optical and chemical properties resembling indigenous organic matter. Here, we compared the impacts of two leonardite products (HuminFeed and SuperHume) and a freshly derived reverse osmosis concentrate of organic matter in a set of comprehensive mesocosm‐ and laboratory‐scale experiments and analyses. The chemical properties of the reverse osmosis concentrate and the leonardite products were very different, with leonardite products being low and the reverse osmosis concentrate being high in carboxylic functional groups. Light had a strong impact on the properties of leonardite products, including loss of color and increased particle formation. HuminFeed presented a substantial impact on microbial communities under light conditions, where bacterial production was stimulated and community composition modified, while in dark potential inhibition of bacterial processes was detected. While none of the browning agents inhibited the growth of the tested phytoplankton Gonyostomum semen, HuminFeed had detrimental effects on zooplankton abundance and Daphnia reproduction. We conclude that the effects of browning agents extracted from leonardite, particularly HuminFeed, are in sharp contrast to those originating from terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter. Hence, they should be used with great caution in experimental studies on the consequences of terrestrial carbon for aquatic systems.
3D‐Printed Porous Tantalum Coated with Antitubercular Drugs Achieving Antibacterial Properties and Good Biocompatibility
Authors: Hua Long , Qian Hu , Lei Ting , Zhang Yu , Lei Pengfei , Hu Yihe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTreatment of bone and joint tuberculosis remains a challenge. The development of tissue‐engineered drug‐loaded biomaterials has increased the therapeutic options. However, for the treatment of osteoarticular tuberculosis with severe local infection risks and high weight‐bearing requirements, it is still necessary to design materials consistent with bone biomechanics, cytocompatibility, and osteogenesis and to provide more effective antimicrobial functions. The antitubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampicin are loaded with gellan gum, and a 3D‐printed porous tantalum surface is treated with polydopamine to increase adhesion. The osteogenic induction and differentiation are tested using alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining, sirius red staining, and polymerase chain reaction testing. Bone regeneration in vivo is measured by X‐ray, micro‐computerized tomography, hard tissue sections, and fluorescence staining. The drug is released slowly in vitro and in vivo, increasing the duration of antibacterial action. The composite bio‐scaffolds inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth, have good biocompatibility, and does not inhibit the induction of osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The composite bio‐scaffold can simultaneously achieve localized long‐term controlled drug release and bone regeneration and is a promising route for bone and joint tuberculosis treatment.
Five novel globin gene mutations identified in five Chinese families by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xie Meijuan , Peng Zhiyu , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhao Tingting , Jin Chanchan , Yan Yuanlong , Zeng Xiaohong , Li Dongmei , Zhang Yangjia , Su Jie , Feng Na , He Jing , Yao Xiangmei , Lv Tao , Zhu Baosheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThalassemia is one of the most common inherited diseases worldwide. This report presents three novel cases of α‐thalassemia and two novel cases of β‐thalassemia caused by five different mutations in the globin gene.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify novel α‐ and β‐thalassemia in five individuals, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the globin gene. Hematological parameters were determined by an automated cell counter, and hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out by a capillary electrophoresis system, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight, and conservation for the mutations were described by the Internet software programs. The pathogenicity for globin mutations was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and relative quantitative analysis.ResultsNGS revealed five novel cases of α‐ and β‐thalassemia: HBA2:c.245C>T, HBA2:c.95+11_95+34delCTCCCCTGCTCCGACCCGGGCTCC, HBA2:c.54delC, HBB:c.373C>A, and HBB:c.40G>A. The clinical implications of these mutations were described. Computational predictions were made for pI, amino acid conservation, and pathogenicity of the missense mutation. Relative quantitative data of the α‐globin mRNA were analyzed.ConclusionFive novel globin mutations were identified in the populations of China, and those mutations were analyzed to provide a mechanistic view for their pathogenicity. These analyzed results improve genetic diagnostics for thalassemia, which can improve screening programs for thalassemia and prenatal diagnosis for Chinese population.
Discovery of Inhibitors for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Peptide Deformylase Based on Virtual Screening in Silico
Authors: Li Xinpeng , Jiang Qihua , Yang Xiaolan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTuberculosis has been the serious disease threatening human health and public safety due to the emergence of MDR and XDR‐TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptide deformylase (MtPDF) is a valuable target for antituberculotics. In order to discover new potential inhibitor candidates of MtPDF as leads for antituberculotics, Discovery Studio (DS) 2019 was used to perform molecular docking for virtual screening in silico with the bioactive compound library‐I (L1700) against MtPDF. Six compounds with high docking scores and favourable ligand‐protein interactions by LibDock and CDOCKER were selected for the evaluation of the inhibition potencies against MtPDF and Mycobacterium smegmatis. GST‐6×His tagged MtPDF was recombinant expressed and purified firstly by Glutathione Sepharose 4B, and secondly by Ni Sepharose 6 FF after the cleavage of human rhinovirus 3C protease. These compounds showed IC50 values from 0.5 μmol/L to 112 μmol/L against MtPDF, among which CUDC‐101 bearing hydroxamic acid exhibited IC50 of 0.5 μmol/L on MtPDF and MIC against Mycobacterium smegmatis of 32 μg/mL, and Ixazomib Citrate with IC50 of 63 μmol/L and MIC of 16 μg/mL. CUDC‐101 and Ixazomib Citrate are promising as the potential leads for antituberculotics.
Application of Molecular Docking, Homology Modeling, and Chemometric Approaches to Neonicotinoid Toxicity against Aphis craccivora
Authors: Crisan Luminita , Borota Ana , Bora Alina , Suzuki Takahiro , Funar‐Timofei Simona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeonicotinoids are known as effective pesticides against various insect species. They can harm useful insects including honeybees, with a relatively low threat to nontarget organisms and the environment. This paper presents combined methods to explore the insecticidal activity of neonicotinoids with diverse scaffolds, active against Aphis craccivora. Pharmacophore, molecular docking into the active site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor homology model, and linear and non‐linear regression approaches were used to find new insecticide candidates. The potential toxic effects against honeybees were evaluated using the molecular docking in the active site of the new Aphis mellifera homology model. Four new untested compounds were assigned as insecticide candidates, active against Aphis craccivora with less potential toxic effects for honeybees. This approach may be an effective strategy to design environmentally friendly insecticides against the cowpea aphid.
Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Produced by Ruminococcaceae Mediate α‐Linolenic Acid Promote Intestinal Stem Cells Proliferation
Authors: Xie Jing , Li Ling‐fei , Dai Tian‐yi , Qi Xin , Wang Yan , Zheng Tiao‐zhen , Gao Xiao‐yu , Zhang Yun‐juan , Ai Yu , Ma Li , Chang Song‐lin , Luo Feng‐xian , Tian Yang , Sheng Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScope: The proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the basis of intestinal renewal and regeneration, and gut microbiota plays an important role in it. Dietary nutrition has the effect of regulating the activity of ISCs; however, the regulation effect of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) has seldom been reported.Methods and Results: After intervening mice with different doses of ALA for 30 days, it is found that ALA (0.5 g kg−1) promotes small intestinal and villus growth by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway to stimulate the proliferation of ISCs. Furthermore, ALA administration increases the abundance of the Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae, and promotes the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Subsequent fecal transplantation and antibiotic experiments demonstrate that ALA on the proliferation of ISCs are gut microbiota dependent, among them, the functional microorganism may be derived from Ruminococcaceae. Administration of isobutyrate shows a similar effect to ALA in terms of promoting ISCs proliferation. Furthermore, ALA mitigates 5‐fluorouracil‐induced intestinal mucosal damage by promoting ISCs proliferation.Conclusion: These results indicate that SCFAs produced by Ruminococcaceae mediate ALA promote ISCs proliferation by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and suggest the possibility of ALA as a prebiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis.
Allulose Attenuated Age‐Associated Sarcopenia via Regulating IGF‐1 and Myostatin in Aged Mice
Authors: Kim Ji‐Eun , Kwon Eun‐Young , Han Youngji 
Published: October 2021

ScopeAllulose is shown to increase the muscle weight in diet‐induced obese mice. However, there are no studies on the effects of allulose in age‐associated sarcopenia. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action for allulose in age associated by analyzing the transcriptional patterns in aged mice.Methods and ResultsThe 48‐week‐old mice are fed with AIN‐93diet containing allulose for 12 weeks. Allulose supplementation increases the muscle mass and grip strength in aged mice. Allulose increases the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and its downstream factor expressions which 40 are related protein synthesis, while inhibits the myostatin expression related protein degradation. In mRNA‐seq analysis, allulose supplementation significantly decreases in Adiponectin, Adipsin, cell death inducing DFFA like effector (CIDEC), Haptoglobin, Neuroglobin, and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD1) and increases in cytokine‐inducible SH2‐containing protein (CISH) and ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) that are regulate protein turn over in gastrocnemius. Also, allulose alleviates autophagy in muscle with regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and increases the anti‐oxidant enzyme activity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that allulose improves the age‐associated sarcopenia with enhancing antioxidant properties by altering mRNA and protein expression.
Three‐dimensional simultaneous brain mapping of T1, T2, and magnetic susceptibility with MR Multitasking
Authors: Cao Tianle , Ma Sen , Wang Nan , Gharabaghi Sara , Xie Yibin , Fan Zhaoyang , Hogg Elliot , Wu Chaowei , Han Fei , Tagliati Michele , Haacke E. Mark , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Li Debiao 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo develop a new technique that enables simultaneous quantification of whole‐brain T1, T2, , as well as susceptibility and synthesis of six contrast‐weighted images in a single 9.1‐minute scan.MethodsThe technique uses hybrid T2‐prepared inversion‐recovery pulse modules and multi‐echo gradient‐echo readouts to collect k‐space data with various T1, T2, and weightings. The underlying image is represented as a six‐dimensional low‐rank tensor consisting of three spatial dimensions and three temporal dimensions corresponding to T1 recovery, T2 decay, and multi‐echo behaviors, respectively. Multiparametric maps were fitted from reconstructed image series. The proposed method was validated on phantoms and healthy volunteers, by comparing quantitative measurements against corresponding reference methods. The feasibility of generating six contrast‐weighted images was also examined.ResultsHigh quality, co‐registered T1, T2, and susceptibility maps were generated that closely resembled the reference maps. Phantom measurements showed substantial consistency (R2 > 0.98) with the reference measurements. Despite the significant differences of T1 (p < .001), T2 (p = .002), and (p = 0.008) between our method and the references for in vivo studies, excellent agreement was achieved with all intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.75. No significant difference was found for susceptibility (p = .900). The framework is also capable of synthesizing six contrast‐weighted images.ConclusionThe MR Multitasking–based 3D brain mapping of T1, T2, , and susceptibility agrees well with the reference and is a promising technique for multicontrast and quantitative imaging.
Simultaneous 3D‐TOF angiography and 4D‐flow MRI with enhanced flow signal using multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition and magnetization transfer
Authors: Kim Dahan , Eisenmenger Laura , Turski Patrick , Johnson Kevin M. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo investigate the fusion of 3D time‐of‐flight principles into 4D‐flow MRI to enhance vessel contrast and signal without an exogenous contrast agent, enabling simultaneous in‐flow based angiograms.MethodsA 4D‐flow MRI technique was developed consisting of multiple overlapping slabs with intermittent magnetization transfer preparation. The scan time penalty associated with multiple slab acquisitions was mitigated by using undersampled distributed spiral trajectories and compressed sensing reconstruction. A flow phantom was used to characterize in‐flow enhancement, velocity noise improvement, and flow rate measurements against the single‐slab 4D‐flow MRI. In a patient‐volunteer cohort (n = 15), magnitude‐based angiograms were radiologically evaluated against 3D time‐of‐flight, and velocity measurements were compared pixel‐wise against single‐slab and contrast‐enhanced 4D‐flow MRI.ResultsMultiple‐slab acquisitions, together with magnetization transfer preparation, substantially improved vessel signal, contrast, and vessel conspicuity in magnitude angiograms. Both clinical 3D time‐of‐flight and the proposed technique produced equivalent vessel depictions with no statistically significant difference (p < .1). Both techniques also produced clear depictions of brain aneurysms in all patients; however, very small vessels tended to show reduced conspicuity in the proposed technique. Velocity measurements agreed with contrast‐enhanced and single‐slab scans with high correlations (R2 = 0.941–0.974) and agreements (slopes = 0.994–1.071). Slab boundary and magnetization transfer‐related artifacts were not observed in velocity measurements, and velocity noise was reduced with in‐flow enhancement over single‐slab scans (phantom).ConclusionThe vessel signal and contrast can be improved in 4D‐flow MRI without exogenous contrast agents by utilizing in‐flow enhancement, efficient sampling, and compressed sensing. The in‐flow enhancement also enables simultaneous 3D time‐of‐flight angiograms useful for flow quantification and diagnosis.
Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on E‐beam evaporated SnO2 and rational interface defects passivation
Authors: Li Mengjia , Zhu Lihua , Zhang Xian , Wang Chen , Gao Deyu , Han Jiaheng , Chen Chunlei , Song Hongwei , Xu Sai , Chen Cong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOwing to the significant roles in balancing carrier transport, bandgap alignment, and perovskite crystallization, realizing high‐quality electron transport layers (ETLs) and their effective electronic contact with the perovskite photoactive layer is crucial for future commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a high‐quality SnO2 ETL is firstly deposited at room temperature via the low‐cost electron beam evaporation (E‐beam) technology to help achieve an impressive PCE of 18.88% for rigid PSCs and a PCE of 15.73% for flexible devices. Then we introduced a novel passivating ligand molecule, 11 Maleimidoundecanoic acids (11MA), to help induce functional defects passivation at the interface of SnO2/Perovskite to coordinate with Pb2+ in perovskite and Sn4+ in SnO2 via the functional groups (‐C = O, ‐COOH). As a result, 11MA could help achieve the best PCE of 20.94% with negligible hysteresis for rigid devices. Also, doping 11MA in the perovskite photoactive layer further enhanced the PCE to 22.08% with much improved 2000 hours ambient stabilities. Finally, we fabricated different large‐area rigid devices (10, 40, 100, and 600 mm2) toward speeding up the commercialization of PSCs by industrial E‐beam technology and rational defects passivation strategies.
Paleodiet reconstruction of human and animal bones at the Dalujiao cemetery in Early Iron Age Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Xin , Shang Xue , Smith Colin , Wei Dong , Zhang Jie , Ruan Qiurong , Hu Yaowu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLong before the East–West “Silk Road” appeared, cultural communication as well as exchanges of materials and technologies had existed between different populations across the Eurasian Steppe. Xinjiang, located at a crossroads of the East and the West, is particularly important for exploring human interactions. The present paper contributes to this end from a stable isotopic perspective. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis were applied to 51 human and four animal bone remains collected from three types of tombs—namely, the earthen vertical tomb‐pit, earthen vertical tomb‐pit with second‐tier ledge, and earthen vertical tomb‐pit with side chamber—excavated from the Dalujiao cemetery, dated to the Early Iron Age (542 BCE–59 CE), in Xinjiang of northwest China. The δ13C (mean: −18.6 ‰) and δ15N (mean: 7.5‰) results of the faunal remains suggest that the two herbivore species (horse and sheep) were fed mainly by C3 terrestrial plants. By contrast, the human bone specimens differ in δ13C values (from −16.0‰ to −11.6‰, with a mean of −14.1‰ ± 1.1‰, n = 51). People buried in vertical tomb‐pits show a narrow range of δ13C values, an indication that they consumed quite stable sources of food. In contrast, those buried in vertical tomb‐pits with a second‐tier ledge or with a side chamber consumed more diverse foods and probably adopted different subsistence strategies. Taking into consideration both isotopic results and types of tombs, we propose that at least three groups of populations with diverse dietary and subsistence strategies are identifiable at the Dalujiao cemetery. Our study reveals not only human diets and subsistence patterns in the study area but also interactions among different populations prior to the rise of “Silk Road.”
Early stool microbiome and metabolome signatures in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Elgarten Caitlin W. , Tanes Ceylan , Lee Jung‐Jin , Danziger‐Isakov Lara A. , Grimley Michael S. , Green Michael , Michaels Marian G. , Barnum Jessie L. , Ardura Monica I. , Auletta Jeffery J. , Blumenstock Jesse , Seif Alix E. , Bittinger Kyle L. , Fisher Brian T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe contribution of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome to outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is increasingly recognized. Investigations of larger pediatric cohorts aimed at defining the microbiome state and associated metabolic patterns pretransplant are needed.MethodsWe sought to describe the pretransplant stool microbiome in pediatric allogenic HCT patients at four centers. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolic profiling on pretransplant stool samples. Samples were compared with normal age‐matched controls and by clinical characteristics. We then explored associations between stool microbiome measurements and metabolite concentrations.ResultsWe profiled stool samples from 88 pediatric allogeneic HCT patients, a median of 4 days before transplant. Pretransplant stool samples differed from healthy controls based on indices of alpha diversity and in the proportional abundance of specific taxa and bacterial genes. Relative to stool from healthy patients, samples from HCT patients had decreased proportion of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaeae, and genes involved in butyrate production, but were enriched for gammaproteobacterial species. No systematic differences in stool microbiome or metabolomic profiles by age, transplant indication, or hospital were noted. Stool metabolites demonstrated strong correlations with microbiome composition.DiscussionStool samples from pediatric allogeneic HCT patients demonstrate substantial dysbiosis early in the transplant course. As microbiome disruptions associate with adverse transplant outcomes, pediatric‐specific analyses examining longitudinal microbiome and metabolome changes are imperative to identify causal associations and to inform rational design of interventions.