bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex interactions between benefits, ecosystem services and landscape dynamics: A synthesis of Lake Malombe, Malawi
Authors: Makwinja Rodgers , Mengistou Seyoum , Kaunda Emmanuel , Alamirew Tena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAfrican inland freshwater lakes experience a high level of exploitation, as evidenced by a decline in biodiversity, food production and rising poverty. Lake Malombe in Malawi provides the best example of this situation. The lake catchment is severely degraded and faces profound biodiversity losses. Households in the catchment are caught in a vicious cycle of poverty. Management decisions regarding Lake Malombe involve choices that reflect opportunity costs among the complex socio‐ecological interactions that are often unnoticeable. Ecosystem managers unintentionally make decisions that diminish the value of some critical ecosystem services (ESs), while enhancing others. The present study used geospatial and participatory approaches to explore complex interactions between benefits, ESs and landscape dynamics. The study findings indicate the ecosystem provisioning services (EPSs) are the main livelihood sustenance vehicle for Lake Malombe's local population. The increased cultivated land from 52,932 to 78,983 ha and decreased forest land from 56,235 to 8585 ha between 1989 and 2019 are linked to EPSs changes at the expense of regulatory, supporting and cultural ecosystem services. The findings of the present study suggest an important need to balance the opportunity costs among the complex ESs dynamics and landscape transformation as a means of achieving management policy efficiency while at the same time also avoiding adverse outcomes from human activities.
First‐line corticosteroids for Kawasaki disease: Pulse versus multiple dose
Authors: Abrams Joseph Y , Ae Ryusuke , Maddox Ryan A , Schonberger Lawrence B , Nakamura Yosikazu , Belay Ermias D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) can result in severe coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs). Corticosteroids added to initial standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment may decrease the risk for these complications. Different corticosteroid regimens (single‐day high dose pulse vs multiple lower doses) may contribute to the discrepant results of prior studies.MethodsUsing data from the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th Japanese nationwide KD surveys (2011–2016), we identified KD patients who did not have CAAs at first presentation and who were treated with either pulse or multiple‐dose corticosteroids as part of their initial treatment. Occurrence of subsequent CAAs and treatment failure were compared between the treatment regimens and adjusted odds ratios were calculated controlling for sex, age group, illness day at first treatment, survey, and recurrent KD.ResultsThere were 782 KD patients who received pulse corticosteroid treatment and 4,817 who received multiple dose treatment. Patients receiving multiple dose treatment were less likely to develop CAAs (5.5% vs 8.3%, OR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48–0.85) or treatment failure (21.4% vs 41.6%; OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.33–0.45). Adjusted analyses showed similar protective effects of multiple‐dose treatment against CAAs (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90) and treatment failure (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.33–0.46).ConclusionsMultiple‐dose corticosteroid combination treatment resulted in substantially improved outcomes in KD patients compared to pulse treatment. For patients who may be at elevated risk of treatment failure or CAA, use of multiple‐dose corticosteroids in conjunction with IVIG is likely to provide considerable clinical benefit.
Drawing the line: How the workplace shapes the naming of sexual harassment
Authors: Strom Phoebe , Collins Christopher J. , Avgar Ariel C. , Ryan Katherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough sexual harassment naming – the process by which individuals identify and label experiences as sexual harassment – is key to tackling the problem of workplace sexual harassment, extant research focused on individual differences has explained a limited amount of variance in individuals’ propensity to name. We push this research in a new direction, drawing on institutional theory and strategic human resource management to identify workplace contextual factors that influence individuals’ propensity to name sexual harassment. Surveying 408 employed adults, we find that current employment in an industry with a high prevalence of sexual harassment reduces individuals’ likelihood of identifying scenarios as sexual harassment. Further, prior work experience in highly sexually harassing industries has a lasting negative effect on individuals’ propensity to name. In contrast, we show that individuals’ propensity to identify sexual harassment is greater when they perceive that their organization has implemented more HR practices supporting a climate for naming and that these HR practices can actually reduce the negative effect of current employment in a highly sexually harassing industry. Critically, by demonstrating that changing industry norms or adopting specific HR practices can shift individual naming of sexual harassment, we offer new avenues for sexual harassment prevention.
Survey of data collection methods and retention strategies in European birth cohorts of children and adults born very preterm
Authors: Teixeira Raquel , Doetsch Julia , Freitas Ana Isabel , Lorthe Elsa , Santos Ana Cristina , Barros Henrique ,   the RECAP‐preterm consortium
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term follow‐up of very preterm and very low birthweight cohorts contributes to valuable evidence to understand life‐course outcomes in these vulnerable populations. However, attrition is a major challenge in long‐term outcome studies. Examining the techniques used by existing cohorts may help to reveal practices that enhance willingness to continue participation over time.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of data collection methods and retention strategies on overall retention in European birth cohorts of individuals born very preterm and very low birthweight.MethodsA survey of European cohorts integrated in the RECAP‐preterm Consortium provided data on study characteristics, retention at the most recent follow‐up, data collection methods and retention strategies. Cohorts were classified according to participants’ age at most recent follow‐up as child (<18) or adult cohorts (≥18 years old).ResultsData were obtained for 17 (81%) cohorts (7 adult and 10 child) in 12 countries. Considering the baseline, at the most recent follow‐up, overall retention ranged from 10% to 99%. Child cohorts presented higher median retention (68% versus 38% or 52% for adult cohorts with ≤5 or >5 follow‐ups) and used relatively more retention strategies. For contact and invitation, cohorts mostly resorted to invitation letters, and to face‐to‐face interviews for assessments. Study duration was negatively correlated with retention and positively associated with the number of follow‐up evaluation. We identified 109 retention strategies, with a median of 6 per cohort; bond‐building (n = 41; 38%) was the most utilised, followed by barrier‐reduction (n = 36; 33%) and reminders (n = 32; 29%). Retention was not influenced by category or number of strategies.ConclusionsRegular contact with cohort participants favour retention whilst neither the number nor the categories of retention strategies used seemed to have an influence, suggesting that tailored strategies focussed on participants at higher risk of dropout might be a more effective approach.
Family members’ participation in palliative inpatient care: An integrative review
Authors: Saarinen Johanna , Mishina Kaisa , Soikkeli‐Jalonen Anu , Haavisto Elina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse how family members participate in hospital inpatient palliative care, and how their participation could be supported.MethodsThis review followed a methodology outlined in the literature for integrative reviews. A literature search supplemented by a manual search was conducted on four electronic databases during 2020 to 2021: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. A critical appraisal of the included studies was performed, and data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 4990 articles, of which 14 articles were included in this review. Four main categories were identified concerning the participation of family members in hospital inpatient palliative care: participation in the physical care, provision of emotional support, promoting good patient care, and support provided by healthcare professionals for family members’ participation. Family members’ participation can be supported in different ways, including active communication and adequate information.ConclusionFamily members’ participation in hospital inpatient palliative care has been an important part of palliative care in hospital settings. Family members should be offered the opportunity to participate in patient care, and their presence in the hospital should be accommodated. Research on the topic is still scarce, and future research is needed from different perspectives, including intervention research.
Moral Status and Intelligent Robots
Authors: Gordon John‐Stewart , Gunkel David J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe great technological achievements in the recent past regarding artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer science make it very likely, according to many experts in the field, that we will see the advent of intelligent and autonomous robots that either match or supersede human capabilities in the midterm (within the next 50 years) or long term (within the next 100–300 years). Accordingly, this article has two main goals. First, we discuss some of the problems related to ascribing moral status to intelligent robots, and we examine three philosophical approaches—the Kantian approach, the relational approach, and the indirect duties approach—that are currently used in machine ethics to determine the moral status of intelligent robots. Second, we seek to raise broader awareness among moral philosophers of the important debates in machine ethics that will eventually affect how we conceive of key concepts and approaches in ethics and moral philosophy. The effects of intelligent and autonomous robots on our traditional ethical and moral theories and concepts will be substantial and will force us to revise and reconsider many established understandings. Therefore, it is essential to turn attention to debates over machine ethics now so that we can be better prepared to respond to the opportunities and challenges of the future.
Case factors for selection of femoral component type in canine hip arthroplasty using a modular system
Authors: Meltzer Lauren M. , Dyce Jonathan , Leasure Christopher S. , Canapp Sherman O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a femoral stem selection process based on case features in dogs treated with total hip replacement (THR) by an expert surgeon, compare complications between implant types, and develop an algorithm for stem type selection.Study DesignRetrospective study.Animals128 dogs, 135 THR.MethodsData collected included breed, age, weight, canal flare index (CFI), and implant type: cementless (BFX), cementless with a collared stem (BFX‐C), hybrid (cementless acetabular component with cemented stem), and cemented (CFX).ResultsOf the 135 THRs, 69 BFX, 47 hybrid, and 18 BFX‐C were performed. Dogs receiving hybrid (mean 5.5 years) were older than those receiving BFX (2.5 years,p < .0001) and BFX‐C implants (2.5 years,p = .0014). The mean weights of dogs with hybrid, BFX, and BFX‐C implants were 40.0, 31.0, and 35.3 kg, respectively, with dogs receiving hybrid heavier than those receiving BFX (p < .0001). Mean CFI for hybrid (1.52) was lower than for BFX (1.79,p < .0001) and BFX‐C (1.76,p = .0021). Total complication rate was 14.0% with catastrophic complications in 1.5% and no association between implant type and risk of complications (p = .36). Femur fractures occurred in 2.9% of all cases and 1.1% of cementless THR cases.ConclusionsDogs receiving hybrid THR were older with lower CFI than dogs receiving BFX and BFX‐C and heavier than dogs receiving BFX. There was no difference in complications between groups. Catastrophic complications and femur fractures occurred less frequently compared to recent studies of BFX THR.Clinical SignificanceCareful preoperative assessment and implant selection can reduce complications of canine THR.
Weed suppression versus water use: Efficacy of cover crops in water‐limited agroecosystems
Authors: Agarwal Prashasti , Schutte Brian J. , Idowu Omololu John , Steiner Robert L. , Lehnhoff Erik A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWinter cover crops (CC) may facilitate weed management by inhibiting weed seed germination and seedling emergence and suppressing weed growth within the cash crop. In southern New Mexico, with scarce winter precipitation and limited irrigation water, producing sufficient CC biomass for effective weed suppression while conserving water resources is challenging. This study assessed the water requirement to produce a CC with enough biomass for weed suppression benefits during cash crop growth at two locations in New Mexico. Three winter CC species, barley, Austrian winter pea and mustard, grown singly and in a three‐way mix, under three differential irrigation treatments (one, two or three irrigations after emergence) were evaluated for their weed‐suppressive potential. Maize was planted as a cash crop four weeks after winter CC termination. Number of irrigations had no effect on the CC and weed biomass production. All CCs had lower weed density prior to maize planting compared with fallow. Barley and the three‐way mix reduced weed density by 56–96% and 68–95%, respectively. All CC treatments had lower weed biomass at the end of critical period for weed control in maize compared with fallow. Weed biomass at maize harvest did not differ between treatments. The maize yield was consistently higher in conventionally managed, weed‐free subplots, than in unsprayed weedy subplots, suggesting that CCs did not suppress weeds throughout the maize growing season. Except for barley, CCs did not cause reductions in maize yield compared with fallow. Overall, the study suggested that with adequate winter precipitation, weed‐suppressive winter cover crop stands can be produced with just one irrigation at seeding and one supplemental irrigation, making them a viable option in water‐limited agroecosystems.
WHEN TO BE WHAT? WHY SCIENCE‐INSPIRED NATURALISM NEED NOT IMPLY RELIGIOUS NATURALISM
Authors: Drees Willem B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn The Aristos, John Fowles imagined the human situation as that of a diverse group of people on a raft, apparently between a wreck in the past and a shore where they will land. But there was no wreck, there is no shore. The conference on which this thematic set of papers draws was about a similar multitude of perspectives. Some identify as religious naturalists, others as naturalists without religion, while others respect science but identify with a historic tradition. In this contribution, I defend the intellectual and moral value of science‐inspired naturalism. But I also offer a variety of reasons why naturalism may not be all. In philosophical anthropology and in life, whether religious or nonreligious, dualistic and pluralist perspectives are appropriate, while one may be agnostic on ultimate questions.
Integrating Daylighting with Task-Ambient Lighting for Enhanced Energy Savings in Office Spaces
Authors: Ingabo Simeon Nyambaka , Chaiwiwatworakul Pipat 
Published: December 2021

Daylighting has been widely studied as a fundamental aspect of spatial illumination and energy efficient façade design. Effective installation and control of shading devices diminishes the adverse effects of prevailing climatic conditions on building envelope performance and reduces resultant lighting and cooling energy consumption. Task-ambient lighting as a free-standing approach has also been proven to reduce lighting energy consumption compared with typical general ambient lighting. This study estimates the energy saving potential of integrating daylighting through fixed external horizontal shading slats with task lighting. Spot measurements were taken in a test room to validate a daylight calculation program. Full year indoor work plane daylight simulations were performed for office spaces of different floor areas and varying window to wall ratios. Indoor daylight quality was assessed using the Useful Daylight Illuminance metric and three different task lighting schemes explored. Lighting energy savings of 10% to 90% were estimated under the three schemes in comparison to similar office spaces with common unshaded heat reflective glazing.
A crossover control study of three methods of heat acclimation on the magnitude and kinetics of adaptation
Authors: Kissling Lorenz S. , Akerman Ashley P. , Campbell Holly A. , Prout Jamie R. , Gibbons Travis D. , Thomas Kate N. , Cotter James D. 
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question to the study?
Are primary indices of heat adaptation (e.g., expansion of plasma volume and reduction in resting core temperature) differentially affected by the three major modes of short‐term heat acclimation, that is, exercise in the heat, hot water immersion and sauna?

What it the main finding and its importance?
The three modes elicited typical adaptations expected with short‐term heat acclimation, but these were not significantly different between modes. This comparison has not previously been made and highlights that individuals can expect similar adaptation to heat regardless of the mode used.

AbstractHeat acclimation (HA) can improve heat tolerance and cardiovascular health. The mode of HA potentially impacts the magnitude and time course of adaptations, but almost no comparative data exist. We therefore investigated adaptive responses to three common modes of HA, particularly with respect to plasma volume. Within a crossover repeated‐measures design, 13 physically active participants (five female) undertook four, 5‐day HA regimes (60 min/day) in randomised order, separated by ≥4 weeks. Rectal temperature (Tre) was clamped at neutrality via 36.6°C (thermoneutral) water immersion (TWI; i.e., control condition), or raised by 1.5°C via heat stress in 40°C water, sauna (55°C, 52% relative humidity), or exercise in humid heat (40°C, 52% relative humidity; ExH). Adaptation magnitude was assessed as the pooled response across days 4–6, while kinetics was assessed via the 6‐day time series. Plasma volume expansion was similar in all heated conditions but only higher than TWI in exercise in the heat (ExH) (by 4%, P = 0.036). Approximately two‐thirds of the expansion was attained within the initial 24 h and was moderately related to that present on day 6, regardless of HA mode (r = 0.560–0.887). Expansion was mediated by conservation of both sodium and albumin content, with little evidence for these having differential roles between modes (P = 0.706 and 0.320, respectively). Resting Tre decreased by 0.1–0.3°C in all heated conditions, and systolic blood pressure decreased by 4 mmHg, but not differentially between conditions (P ≥ 0.137). In conclusion, HA mode did not substantially affect the magnitude or rate of adaptation in key resting markers of short‐term HA.
Study of proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes of bacillus sp. A5.3
Authors: Aktaeva S. , Saparbayev M. 
Published: December 2021

Feathers, as a major part of the waste from the industrial poultry industry, require a special approach for disposal and, at the same time, are of interest as a source of feed protein. Feather biomass consists of 90% β-keratin, hydrolysates of which can be a valuable source of pepton, but feather keratin is highly resistant to most proteolytic enzymes. For hydrolysis, therefore, keratin must be subjected to special treatment, the purpose of which is to break down the compact structure of the keratin molecule to produce polypeptides, peptides and single amino acids. For enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin, proteases with keratinase activity are used, capable of cleaving keratin disulfide bonds. A strain of Bacillus sp. A5.3 was isolated from feather waste sites and showed high proteolytic and keratinolytic activity. The strain is able to grow on minimal feather medium and has caseinolytic, collagenase and β-keratinolytic activity. The secretory proteome of the strain was studied using nano HPLC/Q-TOF-MS. As a result, 154 proteins were identified, 13 of which are proteases and peptidases. The genes for 3 proteases and peptidases clpY, clpX and ytjP were amplified from the genomic DNA of Bacillus sp. A5.3, sequenced, and the nucleotide sequence of the genes was deposited in the GenBank database. A study of a strain of Bacillus sp. A5.3 showed that the strain is capable of effective feather degradation and promising as a producer of proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes.
The Maximal Difference of Different Powers of an Element Modulo
n
Authors: Qi Jinyun , Xu Zhefeng 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate the maximal difference of integer powers of an element modulo

n

. Let

a

n

denote the integer

b

with

1
≤
b
≤
n

such that

a
≡
b

mod

n

for any integer

a

. Using the bounds for exponential sums, we obtain a lower bound of the function

H

m

1

,

m

2

n

:
=
max

a

m

1

n

−

a

m

2

n

:
1
≤
a
≤
n
,

a
,
n

=
1

,

which gives

n
−

H

m

1

,

m

2

n

=
O

n

3
/
4

+
o

1

.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Radiological Predictors, Pathological Features, and Perioperative Outcomes Associated with Perinephric Fat Adhesion Degree
Authors: Liu Junqiang , Jiang Yiheng , Huang Hongwei , Zhu Zheng , Chen Jing , Liu Dikuan , Wang Lina , Zong Huafeng , Song Xishuang , Wang Xuejian , Zhu Xinqing , Wang Jianbo , Nahayo Sony , Chen Qiwei , Yang Deyong 
Published: December 2021

Background. To assess the clinical characteristics, radiological predictors, and pathological features of perinephric fat adhesion degree (PFAD) graded based on fixed criteria and to determine the impact of adherent perinephric fat (APF) on retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) outcomes. Methods. 84 patients undergoing RLPN were included and graded into 4 groups based on PFAD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for clinical characteristics and radiological predictors of PFAD. Perioperative data were compared between APF groups and non-APF groups. Masson staining determined collagen fibers. Immunohistochemistry detected CD45 immune cells and CD34 vessels. Results. 20, 28, 18, and 18 patients were graded as normal perinephric fat (NPF), mild adherent perinephric fat (MiPF), moderate adherent perinephric fat (MoPF), and severe adherent perinephric fat (SPF), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender (

p

< 0.001), age (

p

= 0.003), and hypertension (

p

= 0.006) were significant clinical risk factors of PFAD, while radiological predictors included perinephric stranding (

p

= 0.001), posterior perinephric fat thickness (

p

= 0.009), and perinephric fat density (

p

= 0.02). APF was associated with drain output (

p

= 0.012) and accompanied by immune cells gathering in renal cortex near thickened renal capsule with many vessels. Conclusions. Clinical characteristics and radiological predictors can evaluate PFAD and may assist to guide preoperative surgical option. Pathological features of APF reflect decapsulation and bleeding during kidney mobilization at RLPN.