bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linearization of McCormick relaxations and hybridization with the auxiliary variable method
Authors: Najman Jaromił , Bongartz Dominik , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe computation of lower bounds via the solution of convex lower bounding problems depicts current state-of-the-art in deterministic global optimization. Typically, the nonlinear convex relaxations are further underestimated through linearizations of the convex underestimators at one or several points resulting in a lower bounding linear optimization problem. The selection of linearization points substantially affects the tightness of the lower bounding linear problem. Established methods for the computation of such linearization points, e.g., the sandwich algorithm, are already available for the auxiliary variable method used in state-of-the-art deterministic global optimization solvers. In contrast, no such methods have been proposed for the (multivariate) McCormick relaxations. The difficulty of determining a good set of linearization points for the McCormick technique lies in the fact that no auxiliary variables are introduced and thus, the linearization points have to be determined in the space of original optimization variables. We propose algorithms for the computation of linearization points for convex relaxations constructed via the (multivariate) McCormick theorems. We discuss alternative approaches based on an adaptation of Kelley’s algorithm; computation of all vertices of an n-simplex; a combination of the two; and random selection. All algorithms provide substantial speed ups when compared to the single point strategy used in our previous works. Moreover, we provide first results on the hybridization of the auxiliary variable method with the McCormick technique benefiting from the presented linearization strategies resulting in additional computational advantages.
No Country for Asylum Seekers? How Short-Term Exposure to Refugees Influences Attitudes and Voting Behavior in Hungary
Authors: Gessler Theresa , Tóth Gergő , Wachs Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow does exposure to refugees influence political behavior? We present evidence from Hungary, a country with widespread anti-immigration attitudes, that short term exposure during the 2015 refugee crisis predicts anti-refugee voting and sentiment. We code exposure to refugees at the settlement level using reports from state media, an independent online news site, and an online social media aggregator. Settlements through which refugees traveled showed significantly higher anti-refugee voting in a national referendum in 2016. The effect decreases sharply with distance. Using a difference-in-differences model, we find that the far-right opposition gained, while the governing right-wing party lost votes in these settlements in subsequent parliamentary elections. This suggests incumbents are punished by voters skeptical of immigration regardless of their policy position. Survey data supports this finding of a competition among right-wing parties, as individuals in exposed settlements are more fearful of immigrants and support restrictive policies only if they identify as right-wing.
How coordinated sectoral responses to environmental policy increase the availability of product life cycle data
Authors: Jordan Nino David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and Product Carbon Footprints (PCFs) have a significant potential for contributing to consumption-based approaches to climate change. This paper provides an important building block towards a theoretical model of the factors accounting for variations in the availability of life cycle data across countries. It does so by positing a mechanism linking industry associations’ institutional role within environmental policy processes to the availability of product life data and by empirically validating it.

Methods
Interviews, qualitative document analysis, web scraping, quantitative text analysis, set-theoretical causal reasoning, and process tracing.

Results and discussion
Environmental policies that stipulate industry-government deliberations and assign a coordinating or mediating role to industry peak associations can stimulate the exchange of environmental information among industrial sectors. The policy instruments of determination of ‘best available techniques’ (BAT) towards standard setting, negotiated collective agreements and carbon pricing all contribute towards the institutionalisation of organised information exchange within industry. This lowers transaction costs for the monitoring, reporting and verification of sectoral environmental data and can thus be conducive to the creation of sectoral life cycle assessment data, with positive knock-on effects on the availability of firm- and product-specific LCA labels.

Conclusions
Industry associations’ institutional role within environmental policy processes can partially explain cross-national variations in the availability of product life cycle inventories.
Nichtzirrhotische portale Hypertension – Ursachen und praktisches Management
Authors: Queck A. , Trebicka J. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter dem Krankheitsbild der nichtzirrhotischen portalen Hypertension (NCPH) wird eine heterogene Gruppe nichtzirrhotischer Pathogenesen portaler Hypertension zusammengefasst. Es wird anhand der korrespondierenden anatomischen Veränderungen zwischen einer prä-, intra- und posthepatischen Genese unterschieden. Gefäßveränderung proximal der Leber (z. B. Pfortaderthrombose) führen zu einer prähepatischen, distal der Leber gelegene (z. B. Budd-Chiari-Syndrom) zu einer posthepatischen NCPH. Intrahepatisch kann die NCPH durch angeborene Defekte (z. B. kongenitale hepatische Fibrose), granulomatöse Erkrankungen (Schistosomiasis, Sarkoidose), Malignome, Medikamente, das sinusoidale Obstruktionssyndrom, Speichererkrankungen (Amylodiose), idiopathisch und durch die portosinusoidale vaskuläre Erkrankung ausgelöst werden. Klinisch manifestiert sich die Erkrankung durch Komplikationen portaler Hypertension, jedoch häufig auch als Zufallsbefund (Varizen; leichtgradige Blutbildveränderungen; Transaminasen/γ-Glutamyltransferase-Erhöhung). Die Basisdiagnostik umfasst den laborchemischen und histologischen Ausschluss einer Lebergrunderkrankung und Zirrhose, die abdominelle Sonographie und die Gastroskopie. Aufgrund einer Assoziation zu hämato- und immunologischen Erkrankungen ist eine interdisziplinäre Abklärung indiziert. Neben der Therapie der Grunderkrankung ist beim Vorliegen einer Thrombose oder einer prothrombotischen Veranlagung eine Antikoagulation empfohlen. Komplikationen der portalen Hypertension werden ähnlich wie bei der zirrhotischen portalen Hypertension behandelt, jedoch findet die Shunttherapie als endgültige Therapie bei erhaltener Leberfunktion mehr Verwendung.
Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes
Authors: Riss Terry , Trask O. Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlong with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.
Hot forming of shape memory alloys in steel shells: formability, interface, bonding quality
Authors: Gerstein Gregory , Kahra Christoph , Golovko Oleksandr , Schäfke Florian , Klose Christian , Herbst Sebastian , Nürnberger Florian , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetal forming of shape memory alloys (SMA) can be challenging since these are very often brittle due to their intermetallic character. However, formability is often needed not only for realising the desired geometry but also for tailoring the microstructure and the functional properties. To investigate whether the encapsulation in a steel shell can improve the formability of shape memory alloys, Co49Ni21Ga30 and Ni49.5Fe14.5Mn4.0Ga26.0Co6.0 samples were subjected to tensile tests, upsetting, rolling and extrusion. A ferritic steel (1.0503) was used as the shell material. The shell was employed to curtail the formation of tensile stresses in the core, to maintain high temperatures during processing and to prevent oxidation. With this approach, not only forming of the SMA in the steel shell was possible but also an intensive metallurgical bond between the SMA and the steel shell can be achieved during hot rolling or extrusion.
Cascade Regression-Based Face Frontalization for Dynamic Facial Expression Analysis
Authors: Wang Yiming , Dong Xinghui , Li Gongfa , Dong Junyu , Yu Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFacial expression recognition has seen rapid development in recent years due to its wide range of applications such as human–computer interaction, health care, and social robots. Although significant progress has been made in this field, it is still challenging to recognize facial expressions with occlusions and large head-poses. To address these issues, this paper presents a cascade regression-based face frontalization (CRFF) method, which aims to immediately reconstruct a clean, frontal and expression-aware face given an in-the-wild facial image. In the first stage, a frontal facial shape is predicted by developing a cascade regression model to learn the pairwise spatial relation between non-frontal face-shape and its frontal counterpart. Unlike most existing shape prediction methods that used single-step regression, the cascade model is a multi-step regressor that gradually aligns non-frontal shape to its frontal view. We employ several different regressors and make a ensemble decision to boost prediction performance. For facial texture reconstruction, active appearance model instantiation is employed to warp the input face to the predicted frontal shape and generate a clean face. To remove occlusions, we train this generative model on manually selected clean-face sets, which ensures generating a clean face as output regardless of whether the input face involves occlusions or not. Unlike the existing face reconstruction methods that are computational expensive, the proposed method works in real time, so it is suitable for dynamic analysis of facial expression. The experimental validation shows that the ensembling cascade model has improved frontal shape prediction accuracy for an average of 5% and the proposed method has achieved superior performance on both static and dynamic recognition of facial expressions over the state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has achieved expression-preserving frontalization, de-occlusion and has improved performance of facial expression recognition.
Low-temperature-processed metal oxide electron transport layers for efficient planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Song Jia-Xing , Yin Xin-Xing , Li Zai-Fang , Li Yao-Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a promising photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have developed rapidly over the past few years and the highest power conversion efficiency is beyond 25%. Nowadays, the planar structure is universally popular in pero-SCs due to the simple processing technology and low-temperature preparation. Electron transport layer (ETL) is verified to play a vital role in the device performance of planar pero-SCs. Particularly, the metal oxide (MO) ETL with low-cost, superb versatility, and excellent optoelectronic properties has been widely studied. This review mainly focuses on recent developments in the use of low-temperature-processed MO ETLs for planar pero-SCs. The optical and electronic properties of widely used MO materials of TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2, as well as the optimizations of these MO ETLs are briefly introduced. The commonly used methods for depositing MO ETLs are also discussed. Then, the applications of different MO ETLs on pero-SCs are reviewed. Finally, the challenge and future research of MO-based ETLs toward practical application of efficient planar pero-SCs are proposed.

Graphical abstract
Making Sense of the Relationship Between Adaptive Thinking and Heuristics in Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Matsumoto Shunkichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, quite a few evolutionary psychologists have come to embrace a heuristic interpretation of the discipline. They claim that, no matter how methodologically incomplete, adaptive thinking works fine as a good heuristic that effectively reduces the hypothesis space by generating novel and promising hypotheses that can eventually be empirically tested. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the use of heuristics in evolutionary psychology, thereby clarifying the role adaptive thinking has to play. To that end, two typical heuristic interpretations—Machery’s "bootstrap strategy" and Goldfinch’s heuristically streamlined evolutionary psychology—are examined, focusing on the relationship between adaptive thinking and heuristics. The article draws two primary conclusions. The first is that the reliability of the heuristic hypothesis generation procedure (in the context of discovery) should count no less than the conclusiveness of the final testing procedure (in the context of justification) in establishing scientific facts; nature does not always get the last word. Philosophy also counts. The second is that adaptive thinking constitutes a core heuristic in evolutionary psychology that provides the discipline with its raison d'être,but this is only possible when adaptive thinking is substantiated with sufficient historical underpinnings.
Bedside ultrasound as a screening test for the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBI)
Authors: de Sio Chiara , Venafro Mario , Foccillo Giampiero , Nevola Riccardo , Monaco Lucio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Between 15 and 30% of all nosocomial bacteremias and sepsis are associated with the use of intravascular devices. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBI) are infections in which the organism identified in the blood is also present on the tip of the catheter itself or in a blood sample taken through it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of infections related to the use of central catheters.

Methods
Between January 2018 and June 2019, we carried out a prospective study on 36 patients with a central catheter, such as a central venous catheter (CVC), a central catheter with peripheral insertion (PICC), or a fully implanted central venous catheter (PORT-a-cath) and who had signs and symptoms of infection. These patients were submitted to an ultrasound of the catheter upon arrival in the ward in case of suspected infection, or at the time of the onset of signs and symptoms of infection (if these arose during hospitalization). Patients with a central catheter but without signs and symptoms of infection were not included in the study.
The end point of the study was to evaluate sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive and negative predictive value (PPV-NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy (ODA) of ultrasound in the diagnosis of CRBI through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
US showed a SENS of 94%, a SPEC of 84%, a PPV of 84%, an NPV of 94% and an ODA of 88.8% for the diagnosis of CRBI.

Conclusions
Preliminary data from our study show that US of intravascular devices has a high SENS and SPEC in the diagnosis of CRBI, and can, therefore, be used as a valid tool to decide whether to remove the device early or leave it in place.
Orthorexia Nervosa: over concern or obsession about healthy food?
Authors: Novara Caterina , Pardini Susanna , Maggio Eleonora , Mattioli Sofia , Piasentin Sara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Orthorexia Nervosa is characterized by specific behaviors frequently related to other psychopathological conditions, such as Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Eating Disorders (EDs). Whereas ON can mainly be described as an excessive concern regarding healthy food, the study’s principal aim was to investigate if ON could be considered a condition related and differentiated from worry, other than OCD, EDs, perfectionism, anxiety, and depression.

Method
To achieve these aims, 302 individuals from the general population were enrolled and were divided into two groups named “High EHQ” and “Low EHQ”, based on their Eating Habits Questionnaire’s score (EHQ-21).

Results
Correlations of ON with EDs and non-adaptive perfectionism constructs emerged independently from Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) symptoms, and the same pattern was observed when comparing the High and the Low EHQ groups. The two groups also differ in the worry anxiety and depression constructs and are not affected by OC symptoms removal.

Discussion
Our results confirm a relationship between ON with the typical ED, perfectionistic, anxious, and depressive symptomatology, mainly when the OC features are controlled; moreover, worry constructs could be considered characteristic of the ON phenomenology. This study does not entirely exclude the relationship with obsessive and compulsive characteristics, which could be associated with or serve as a mediator of the orthorexic behavior. Future research could explore the potential mediating or collateral role of OC symptoms.

Level of evidence
Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Sarcopenia, immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, and nutritional interventions
Authors: Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Romero-Yuste Susana , Chamizo Carmona Eugenio , Nolla Joan M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Sarcopenia is defined by a loss of muscle mass and function associated with mortality, decreased physical performance, falls, and disability. Since chronic inflammation and decreased physical activity are risk factors for developing sarcopenia, it is critical to assess the role of sarcopenia in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Moreover, nutritional interventions are emerging as key modifiable and affordable options to improve physical performance in sarcopenia.

Objective
The aim of this review is to critically summarize current information on the evidence linking nutritional interventions and sarcopenia in IMRDs.

Methods
The search and selection of articles was performed in Medline, Dimensions.ai, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Trip Database. The results were clustered into three areas: sarcopenia and IMRDs, sarcopenia and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and nutritional interventions for sarcopenia.

Findings
Several cross-sectional studies have shown a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in IMRDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Although not fully established, evidence linking sarcopenia and other IMRDs (ankylosing spondylitis and systemic sclerosis) has been also described. For secondary sarcopenia prevention and treatment, bDMARDs’ administration proved efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, there is growing evidence linking nutrition to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Evidence linking unfavourable results in nutritional risk assessment, insufficient intake of protein, vitamin D, antioxidant nutrients, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and sarcopenia have been reported.

Conclusion
Given that sarcopenia and IMRDs have strong links, further research is needed to improve patient care.
Robust semi-supervised non-negative matrix factorization for binary subspace learning
Authors: Dai Xiangguang , Zhang Keke , Li Juntang , Xiong Jiang , Zhang Nian , Li Huaqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNon-negative matrix factorization and its extensions were applied to various areas (i.e., dimensionality reduction, clustering, etc.). When the original data are corrupted by outliers and noise, most of non-negative matrix factorization methods cannot achieve robust factorization and learn a subspace with binary codes. This paper puts forward a robust semi-supervised non-negative matrix factorization method for binary subspace learning, called RSNMF, for image clustering. For better clustering performance on the dataset contaminated by outliers and noise, we propose a weighted constraint on the noise matrix and impose manifold learning into non-negative matrix factorization. Moreover, we utilize the discrete hashing learning method to constrain the learned subspace, which can achieve a binary subspace from the original data. Experimental results validate the robustness and effectiveness of RSNMF in binary subspace learning and image clustering on the face dataset corrupted by Salt and Pepper noise and Contiguous Occlusion.
A Review of Gear Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Gearboxes Using Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Leaman Félix , Vicuña Cristián Molina , Clausen Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the progress made in the last decades in the field of machine condition monitoring, there are still cases where the current state of the art is not enough and new technologies and advanced analysis methods are required to prevent unexpected failures. One example is planetary gearboxes (PGs), which are one of the main components of mechanical transmission systems in heavy-duty machines such as off-highway trucks, electric rope shovels, helicopters and wind turbines. Although those machines are usually equipped with vibration and temperature sensors to detect faults in mechanical components, these technologies might not be able to perform well under certain circumstances. Therefore, the applied investigation on new monitoring technologies in the field of machine condition monitoring is a necessary step. Among those, in this review the acoustic emission technology will be addressed as a tool for fault diagnosis of gear faults in PG.