bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of sex-specific lipid metabolism of Plasmodium falciparum points to the importance of sphingomyelin for gametocytogenesis
Authors: Ridgway Melanie C. , Cihalova Daniela , Brown Simon H. J. , Tran Phuong , Mitchell Todd W. , Maier Alexander G. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Male and female Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are the parasite lifecycle stage responsible for transmission of malaria from the human host to the mosquito vector. Not only are gametocytes able to survive in radically different host environments, but they are also precursors for male and female gametes that reproduce sexually soon after ingestion by the mosquito. Here, we investigate the sex-specific lipid metabolism of gametocytes within their host red blood cell. Comparison of the male and female lipidome identifies cholesteryl esters and dihydrosphingomyelin enrichment in female gametocytes. Chemical inhibition of each of these lipid types in mature gametocytes suggests dihydrosphingomyelin synthesis but not cholesteryl ester synthesis is important for gametocyte viability. Genetic disruption of each of the two sphingomyelin synthase genes points towards sphingomyelin synthesis contributing to gametocytogenesis. This study shows that gametocytes are distinct from asexual stages, and that the lipid composition is also vastly different between male and female gametocytes, reflecting the different cellular roles these stages play. Taken together, our results highlight the sex-specific nature of gametocyte lipid metabolism, which has the potential to be targeted to block malaria transmission.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Improve Process Quality: Evidence from Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Senoner Julian , Netland Torbjørn , Feuerriegel Stefan 
Published: December 2021

We develop a data-driven decision model to improve process quality in manufacturing. A challenge for traditional methods in quality management is to handle high-dimensional and nonlinear manufacturing data. We address this challenge by adapting explainable artificial intelligence to the context of quality management. Specifically, we propose the use of nonlinear modeling with Shapley additive explanations to infer how a set of production parameters and the process quality of a manufacturing system are related. Thereby, we contribute a measure of process importance based on which manufacturers can prioritize processes for quality improvement. Grounded in quality management theory, our decision model selects improvement actions that target the sources of quality variation. The decision model is validated in a real-world application at a leading manufacturer of high-power semiconductors. Seeking to improve production yield, we apply our decision model to select improvement actions for a transistor chip product. We then conduct a field experiment to confirm the effectiveness of the improvement actions. Compared with the average yield in our sample, the experiment returns a reduction in yield loss of 21.7%. Furthermore, we report on results from a postexperimental rollout of the decision model, which also resulted in significant yield improvements. We demonstrate the operational value of explainable artificial intelligence by showing that critical drivers of process quality can go undiscovered by the use of traditional methods. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Houschyar Khosrow S , Tapking Christian , Borrelli Mimi R , Puladi Behrus , Ooms Mark , Wallner Christoph , Duscher Dominik , Pförringer Dominik , Rein Susanne , Reumuth Georg , Schulz Torsten , Nietzschmann Ina , Maan Zeshaan N , Grieb Gerrit , Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G , Branski Ludwik K , Siemers Frank , Lehnhardt Marcus , Schmitt Laurenz , Yazdi Amir S 
Published: December 2021

Objective:Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and severe skin and mucosal reactions that are associated with high mortality. Despite the severity, an evidence-based treatment protocol for SJS/TEN is still lacking.Method:In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed database was searched using the following terms: [Stevens–Johnson syndrome] OR [toxic epidermal necrolysis] AND [therapy] OR [treatment] over a 20-year period (1999–2019) in the German and English language. All clinical studies reporting on the treatment of SJS/TEN were included, and epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of treatment were analysed. A meta-analysis was conducted on all comparative clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria.Results:A total of 88 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes in 2647 patients. Treatment was either supportive or used systemic corticosteroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, cyclosporine, thalidomide or cyclophosphamide therapy. The meta-analysis included 16 (18%) studies, reporting outcomes in 976 (37%) patients. Systemic glucocorticoids showed a survival benefit for SJS/TEN patients in all analyses compared with other forms of treatment. Cyclosporine treatment also showed promising results, despite being used in a small cohort of patients. No beneficial effects on mortality could be demonstrated for intravenous immunoglobulins.Conclusion:Glucocorticoids and cyclosporine may be tentatively recommended as the most promising immunomodulatory therapies for SJS/TEN, but these results should be investigated in future prospective controlled trials.
Clinical evaluation of UrgoStart Plus dressings in real-life conditions: results of a prospective multicentre study on 961 patients
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Keuthage Winfried , Lobmann Ralf , Lützkendorf Steffen , Groth Hauke , Möller Udo , Thomassin Laetitia , Bohbot Serge , Dissemond Joachim , Blome Christine 
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the performances of lipid colloid technology with nano-oligosaccharide factor (TLC-NOSF) dressings with polyabsorbent fibres in an unselected population of patients under real-life conditions. Methods: A large, prospective, multicentre, observational study with three polyabsorbent TLC-NOSF dressings (UrgoStart Plus Pad, UrgoStart Plus and UrgoStart Plus Border, Laboratoires Urgo, France) was conducted in Germany between January 2019 and June 2020. Main outcomes included wound healing rate, clinical assessment of wound healing progression, local tolerance and acceptance of dressings, and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the patients, assessed with the validated Wound-QoL questionnaire. Results: A total of 961 patients with wounds of various aetiologies (leg ulcers (LU), diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), pressure ulcers (PU) and other types of wounds) were treated with the evaluated dressings in 105 centres for a mean duration of 62 days (standard deviation 37 days). By the last visit, a wound closure or an improvement in wound healing was reported in 92.0% of the treated wounds. The highest wound closure rates were achieved when the dressings were used as first-line treatment: 71.3% in DFUs, 52.9% in LUs, 53.6% in PUs and 61.8% in the other wounds. Improvement of the wound healing process was also associated with an 87.5% relative reduction of sloughy tissue, a decrease of the level of exudate in 68.9% of the wounds, and an improvement in the periwound skin condition in 66.4% of the patients at the final visit. The dressings were ‘very well’ or ‘well’ tolerated and ‘very well’ or ‘well’ accepted by the large majority of patients. The HRQoL questionnaires were completed both at initial and final visits by 337 patients, representative of the total cohort. Despite the relatively short duration of the wounds, the HRQoL of the patients was already impaired at baseline, with 81.6% of the patients being severely affected in at least one aspect of their HRQoL. By the final visit, significant improvements in each dimension of the patients' HRQoL were reported (p<0.001), along with a reduction of the proportion of patients in need of intervention and in the number of actions needed per patient in relation to their HRQoL. Conclusions: These results are consistent with previous clinical evidence on TLC-NOSF dressings. They confirm the good healing properties and safety profile of these dressings, and that a significant improvement in patient HRQoL is achieved in non-selected patients treated in real-life practice. These data support the use of such dressings as a first-line intervention and until wound healing in the management of chronic wounds, in association with appropriate standard of care.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on anterior cervical surgery
Authors: He Junbo , Wu Tingkui , Ding Chen , Wang Beiyu , Hong Ying , Liu Hao 
Published: December 2021

Anterior cervical surgery (ACS) owes its development to various pioneering individuals whose revolutionary works form key advances and guide current medical decisions. This bibliometric study aimed to identify, analyse and visualize the main features of the most-cited papers in ACS.
The citation count for the top 100 most-cited articles ranged from 148 to 1,197, and citations per year ranged from 3.1 to 89.8. The articles were published from 1958 to 2016, with the 2000s being the most active decade. There was an inverse correlation between the average citations per year since publication and article age.
The oldest as well as most-cited two articles were both published in 1958 by Smith and Robinson, and Cloward, respectively. In their studies, the authors individually described the technique of anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF).
The most popular keywords were: ‘fusion’ (22), ‘spine’ (20), ‘cervical spine’ (16), ‘complications’ (15), ‘arthrodesis’ (13), ‘interbody fusion’ (13), ‘bone morphogenetic protein’ (13), and ‘radiculopathy’ (12).
ACDF was the most frequent surgical procedure (80%), while cervical disc arthroplasty is of gradual greater impact.
The surgical techniques of ACDF have remained unaltered for over 60 years. More attempts are needed to promote its development.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1203-1213. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210074
Els signes distintius de les denominacions d’origen vitivinícoles catalanes. Contextualització històrica
Authors: Molleví Bortoló Gemma , Villoro Armengol Jordi 
Published: December 2021

L’objectiu d’aquest article és valorar la relació entre la història de la vitivinicultura a Catalunya i les denominacions d’origen (DO) catalanes mitjançant les seves marques significatives.
L’origen de la vitivinicultura catalana es remunta a la cultura ibera pels contactes fenicis i grecs, es consolidà amb els romans i s’expandí durant l’edat mitjana. Algunes zones esdevingueren DO que reforcen el vincle geogràfic amb el territori on es produeix el vi de qualitat. Algunes d’elles mostren aquest origen històric en els seus signes distintius: amb els grecs (DO Empordà), amb els romans (DO Tarragona) o amb el període medieval (DOQ Priorat).
Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data
Authors: Carey Iain M. , Cook Derek G. , Harris Tess , DeWilde Stephen , Chaudhry Umar A. R. , Strachan David P. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in England during spring 2020 resulted in an approximate 50% increase in all-cause mortality. Previously, risk factors such as age and ethnicity, were identified by studying COVID-related deaths only, but these were under-recorded during this period.ObjectiveTo use a large electronic primary care database to estimate the impact of risk factors (RFs) on excess mortality in England during the first wave, compared with the impact on total mortality during 2015–19.MethodsMedical history, ethnicity, area-based deprivation and vital status data were extracted for an average of 4.8 million patients aged 30–104 years, for each year between 18-March and 19-May over a 6-year period (2015–2020). We used Poisson regression to model total mortality adjusting for age and sex, with interactions between each RF and period (pandemic vs. 2015–19). Total mortality during the pandemic was partitioned into "usual" and "excess" components, assuming 2015–19 rates represented "usual" mortality. The association of each RF with the 2020 "excess" component was derived as the excess mortality ratio (EMR), and compared with the usual mortality ratio (UMR).ResultsRFs where excess mortality was greatest and notably higher than usual were age >80, non-white ethnicity (e.g., black vs. white EMR = 2.50, 95%CI 1.97–3.18; compared to UMR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.85–1.00), BMI>40, dementia, learning disability, severe mental illness, place of residence (London, care-home, most deprived). By contrast, EMRs were comparable to UMRs for sex. Although some co-morbidities such as cancer produced EMRs significantly below their UMRs, the EMRs were still >1. In contrast current smoking has an EMR below 1 (EMR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.65–0.98) compared to its UMR = 1.64.ConclusionsStudying risk factors for excess mortality during the pandemic highlighted differences from studying cause-specific mortality. Our approach illustrates a novel methodology for evaluating a pandemic’s impact by individual risk factor without requiring cause-specific mortality data.
Forests of Finland 2014–2018 and their development 1921–2018
Authors: Korhonen Kari , Ahola Arto , Heikkinen Juha , Henttonen Helena , Hotanen Juha-Pekka , Ihalainen Antti , Melin Markus , Pitkänen Juho , Räty Minna , Sirviö Maria , Strandström Mikael 
Published: December 2021

We describe the methodology applied in the 12th national forest inventory of Finland (NFI12) and describe the state of Finlandâs forests as well as the development of some key parameters since 1920s. According to the NFI12, the area of forestry land (consisting of productive and poorly productive forest, unproductive land, and other forestry land) is 26.2 M ha. The area of forestry land has decreased from 1920s to 1960s due to expansion of agriculture and built-up land. 20% of the forestry land is not available for wood supply and 13% is only partly available for wood supply. The area of peatlands is 8.8 M ha, which is one third of the forestry land. 53% of the current area of peatlands is drained. The volume of growing stock, 2500 M m, is 1.7 times the volume estimated in NFI1 in the 1920s for the current territory of Finland. The estimated annual volume increment is 107.8 M m. The increment estimate has doubled since the estimate of NFI2 implemented in late 1930s. The annual mortality is estimated to 7 M m, which is 0.5 M m more than according to the previous inventory. Serious or complete damage was observed on 2% of the productive forest available for wood supply. The amount of dead wood is on average 5.8 m ha in productive forests. Since the NFI9 (1996â2003) the amount of dead wood has increased in South Finland and decreased in North Finland both in protected forests and forests available for wood supply (FAWS). The area of natural or almost natural forests on productive forest is 380â000 ha, out of this, 42â000 ha are in FAWS and 340â000 ha in protected forests.33333â1
Correlation between thumb length on handgrip strength, hand dexterity and musculoskeletal problem among dental professional
Authors: Francis Tilak , Anandhi Siva 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The key factor for potency of the teeth is their muscular strength. The dominant hand plays an important role in most of the daily muscular activities involving dental procedure. There are many factors, which may affect the grip strength, and very few studies especially in India have shown their correlation with grip strength. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are an important occupational health problem affecting dental practitioners. This study assessed the prevalence of WRMSD in dental interns in relation to the thumb length and hand grip strength. Material and Methods: Thumb length template, jammer dynamometer, nine-hole peg board, and RULA assessment. Methods: Thumb length was measured by thumb length template. Grip strength was measured by jammer dynamometer, unilateral hand finger dexterity was measured by nine-hole pegboard, and work related musculoskeletal disorder was assessed by RULA. Results: Thumb length was positively correlated with grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder. Thumb length was negatively correlated with unilateral hand finger dexterity among dental professionals. Conclusion: Thumb length is a better predictor for measuring hand grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder, than unilateral hand finger dexterity.KeywordsDental professional; Hand grip strength; Thumb length; Unilateral hand finger dexterity; Work related musculoskeletal disorder.
O wpływach ciał niebieskich. Wstęp do astrologii politycznej
Authors: Czeczot Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest przemiana, jakiej uległo – wraz z nadejściem zachodniej nowoczesności – pojęcie wpływu, który jeszcze w siedemnastym wieku był definiowany jako oddziaływanie ciał niebieskich na obszar ziemski i dopiero w dziewiętnastym nabrał dzisiejszego, bardziej ogólnego sensu. Przemianę tę zarysowuję na tle innych, charakterystycznych dla nowoczesności procesów. Jednym z nich jest wyrugowanie astrologii z pola nauki, powiązane z triumfem filozofii dualistycznej, narodzinami przemysłowego kapitalizmu, które razem wzięte uprzedmiotowiły i utowarowiły naturę. Drugi z tych procesów to kariera, jaką w dziewiętnastym wieku zaczyna robić pojęcie wpływu, stając się jedną z ważniejszych kategorii nie tylko nauk przyrodniczych, lecz również społecznych, w których – rozumiany bardziej jako władza duchowa – pozwala opisać działanie idei na społeczeństwo i intelektualistów na rząd. Trzecim w końcu – narodziny nowoczesnego podmiotu wraz z charakterystycznym dla niego „lękiem przed wpływem”. Tak zarysowane konteksty pozwalają w nowym świetle zobaczyć nowoczesność jako cywilizację, w której wpływ otoczenia na człowieka został zaklasyfikowany jako jednoznaczne zagrożenie. Pozwalają również zadać pytanie, na ile to właśnie nowoczesne przedefiniowanie relacji człowieka z kosmosem odpowiada za kryzys ekologiczny.
TURL
Authors: Deng Xiang , Sun Huan , Lees Alyssa , Wu You , Yu Cong 
Published: December 2021

Relational tables on the Web store a vast amount of knowledge. Owing to the wealth of such tables, there has been tremendous progress on a variety of tasks in the area of table understanding. However, existing work generally relies on heavily-engineered task-specific features and model architectures. In this paper, we present TURL, a novel framework that introduces the pre-training/fine-tuning paradigm to relational Web tables. During pre-training, our framework learns deep contextualized representations on relational tables in an unsupervised manner. Its universal model design with pre-trained representations can be applied to a wide range of tasks with minimal task-specific fine-tuning.
Specifically, we propose a structure-aware Transformer encoder to model the row-column structure of relational tables, and present a new Masked Entity Recovery (MER) objective for pre-training to capture the semantics and knowledge in large-scale unlabeled data. We systematically evaluate TURL with a benchmark consisting of 6 different tasks for table understanding (e.g., relation extraction, cell filling). We show that TURL generalizes well to all tasks and substantially outperforms existing methods in almost all instances.
Scalable querying of nested data
Authors: Smith Jaclyn , Benedikt Michael , Nikolic Milos , Shaikhha Amir 
Published: December 2021

While large-scale distributed data processing platforms have become an attractive target for query processing, these systems are problematic for applications that deal with nested collections. Programmers are forced either to perform non-trivial translations of collection programs or to employ automated flattening procedures, both of which lead to performance problems. These challenges only worsen for nested collections with skewed cardinalities, where both handcrafted rewriting and automated flattening are unable to enforce load balancing across partitions.
In this work, we propose a framework that translates a program manipulating nested collections into a set of semantically equivalent shredded queries that can be efficiently evaluated. The framework employs a combination of query compilation techniques, an efficient data representation for nested collections, and automated skew-handling. We provide an extensive experimental evaluation, demonstrating significant improvements provided by the framework in diverse scenarios for nested collection programs.
Detección de anticuerpos IgG frente a SARS COV2 en el suero y la leche materna de mujeres vacunadas
Authors: Sadiq Sidra , Arslan Faheem 
Published: December 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
A medida que la COVID 19 sigue extendiéndose, la transmisión de anticuerpos maternos frente al SARS COV2 durante la lactancia es una importante fuente de inmunización en los lactantes. Este fenómeno requiere estudios en profundidad, con el fin de mejorar las opciones de vacunación de estos candidatos. El propósito del presente estudio es evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a la proteína Spike del SARS-CoV-2 en la leche materna y el suero de madres lactantes tras su vacunación, así como establecer una correlación entre los niveles de anticuerpos en la leche y el suero materno.

Métodos
En este estudio de cohortes realizado en el Rehman Medical Institute, en Peshawar (Pakistán), se incluyeron 180 mujeres en periodo de lactancia. Describimos la inmunogenicidad de 21 pacientes 21 días después de haber recibido la dosis de refuerzo de la vacuna. Se tomaron muestras de leche y suero materno para analizar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a la proteína Spike del SARS-CoV-2 mediante inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia (ECLIA) (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Roche, Suiza).

Resultados
Se detectó claramente la presencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a la proteína Spike del SARS-CoV-2 en la leche materna de todas las participantes, y en el suero del 85% de las mujeres de la muestra (>0,8 IU/mL). Nuestro estudio revela que las madres lactantes pueden desarrollar fuertes reacciones inmunológicas frente al SARS-CoV-2 tras la vacunación.

Conclusiones
Los niveles de anticuerpos frente al SARS-CoV-2 aumentaron significativamente en todas las participantes tras la vacunación. Así, los niveles de anticuerpos aumentaron una escala con respecto al periodo previo a la vacunación. Estos hallazgos muestran una correlación entre los niveles de anticuerpos frente a SARS COV2 en la leche y el suero materno. El monitoreo continuo de los títulos de anticuerpos demuestra que, tras la vacunación, se desarrolla una inmunidad humoral significativa frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2.