bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Un)doing gender in organisationalen Rhythmen und Routinen
Authors: Nentwich Julia C. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Diskurse der Betreuung und Bildung erweisen sich für die geschlechterdifferenzierende Konstruktion des Berufsbilds in historischer Perspektive wie für die Organisation der Rhythmen und Routinen im Kita-Alltag als äußerst relevant. Unsere ethnografische Erforschung der beobachtbaren Routinen in Kombination mit den Interviews mit Kinderbetreuenden erlauben uns, die gendered practices in der Kita herauszuarbeiten. In den organisationalen Rhythmen und Routinen der Kitas findet doing gender in Form einer Dramatisierung einer "hauswirtschaftlichen Weiblichkeit" statt, während ein undoing gender mit der im Idealbild guter Kinderbetreuung als guter Pädagogik stattfindenden Dethematisierung von Geschlecht einhergeht. Ein ethnografischer Zugang ist hier wesentlich, da das in die Rhythmen und Routinen eingeschriebene Wissen über gute Kinderbetreuung nicht explizit sprachlich zur Verfügung steht und erst durch Interpretation zugänglich wird.
SLC4A2 anion exchanger promotes tumour cell malignancy via enhancing net acid efflux across golgi membranes
Authors: Khosrowabadi Elham , Rivinoja Antti , Risteli Maija , Tuomisto Anne , Salo Tuula , Mäkinen Markus J. , Kellokumpu Sakari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProper functioning of each secretory and endocytic compartment relies on its unique pH micro-environment that is known to be dictated by the rates of V-ATPase-mediated H+ pumping and its leakage back to the cytoplasm via an elusive “H+ leak” pathway. Here, we show that this proton leak across Golgi membranes is mediated by the AE2a (SLC4A2a)-mediated bicarbonate-chloride exchange, as it is strictly dependent on bicarbonate import (in exchange for chloride export) and the expression level of the Golgi-localized AE2a anion exchanger. In the acidic Golgi lumen, imported bicarbonate anions and protons then facilitate a common buffering reaction that yields carbon dioxide and water before their egress back to the cytoplasm via diffusion or water channels. The flattened morphology of the Golgi cisternae helps this process, as their high surface-volume ratio is optimal for water and gas exchange. Interestingly, this net acid efflux pathway is often upregulated in cancers and established cancer cell lines, and responsible for their markedly elevated Golgi resting pH and attenuated glycosylation potential. Accordingly, AE2 knockdown in SW-48 colorectal cancer cells was able to restore these two phenomena, and at the same time, reverse their invasive and anchorage-independent growth phenotype. These findings suggest a possibility to return malignant cells to a benign state by restoring Golgi resting pH.
Gravity Field Recovery and Error Analysis for the MOCASS Mission Proposal Based on Cold Atom Interferometry
Authors: Reguzzoni Mirko , Migliaccio Federica , Batsukh Khulan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSatellite missions providing data for a continuous monitoring of the Earth gravity field and its changes are fundamental to study climate changes, hydrology, sea level changes, and solid Earth phenomena. GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On) mission was launched in 2018 and NGGM (Next Generation Gravity Mission) studies are ongoing for the long-term monitoring of the time-variable gravity field. In recent years, an innovative mission concept for gravity measurements has also emerged, exploiting a spaceborne gravity gradio-meter based on cold atom interferometers. In particular, a team of researchers from Italian universities and research institutions has proposed a mission concept called MOCASS (Mass Observation with Cold Atom Sensors in Space) and conducted the study to investigate the performance of a cold atom gradiometer on board a low Earth orbiter and its impact on the modeling of different geophysical phenomena. This paper presents the analysis of the gravity gradient data attainable by such a mission. Firstly, the mathematical model for the MOCASS data processing will be described. Then numerical simulations will be presented, considering different satellite orbital altitudes, pointing modes and instrument configurations (single-arm and double-arm); overall, data were simulated for twenty different observation scenarios. Finally, the simulation results will be illustrated, showing the applicability of the proposed concept and the improvement in modeling the static gravity field with respect to GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer).
Full-body MR imaging: a retrospective study on a novel diagnostic approach for children sustaining high-energy trauma
Authors: Ludwig Johanna , Heumann Peter , Gümbel Denis , Rechenberg Ulrike , Goelz Leonie , Mutze Sven , Ekkernkamp Axel , Bakir Sinan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Severe accidents are the leading cause of long-term impairment and death in children. A common diagnostic procedure for children exposed to high-injury trauma is full-body contrast-enhanced CT (fbCT). However, the number of fbCT without detected injuries is relevant. In 2007, full-body MRI (fbMRI) was implemented as a diagnostic approach for children sustaining high-energy trauma.
The aim of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to analyze fbMRI as a diagnostic tool for children after high-energy trauma focusing on feasibility, radiological findings, and limitations.

Methods
Diagnostics using fbMRI (from apex of the head to the pelvis) was performed if a child was stable and suffered a high-energy trauma in a Level I Trauma Center in Germany. 105 fbMRIs in patients exposed to high-energy trauma aged ≤ 16 years were performed between January 2007 and December 2018. Four fbMRIs were excluded as conducted for reasons other than trauma. Time between arrival in the emergency department and fbMRI, additional diagnostic procedures, injuries, and non-trauma related pathologies were analyzed.

Results
Mean time between arrival in the emergency department and fbMRI was 71 min (± SD 132 min). Two scans were discontinued and changed to a faster diagnostic procedure. 45% of children had additional X-rays and 11% CT scans. The MRIs showed intracranial abnormalities in 27%, extremities injuries in 26%, spinal injuries in 18%, pelvic, and thoracic injuries in 7% of the cases.

Conclusion
Overall fbMRI is a diagnostic alternative for hemodynamically stable, conscious children after high-energy trauma with the advantages of a radiation-free technique. However, MRI diagnostics take longer than CT scans. Prospective studies will be needed to identify the limiting factors of fbMRIs as primary diagnostic procedure compared to CT scans.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; DRKS00017015).

Level of evidence
Case series, level of evidence V.
Self-harm in children 12 years and younger: characteristics and outcomes based on the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England
Authors: Geulayov Galit , Casey Debbie , Bale Liz , Brand Fiona , Townsend Ellen , Ness Jennifer , Rehman Muzamal , Waters Keith , Clements Caroline , Farooq Bushra , Kapur Nav , Hawton Keith 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Very little is known about self-harm in children. We describe the characteristics and outcomes of children under 13 years who presented following self-harm to five hospitals in England.

Methods
We included children under 13 years who presented after self-harm to hospitals in the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England. Information on patients’ characteristics and method of self-harm was available through monitoring of self-harm in the hospitals. Area level of socioeconomic deprivation was based on the English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD).

Results
387 children aged 5–12 years presented to the study hospitals in 2000–2016, 39% of whom were 5–11 years. Boys outnumbered girls 2:1 at 5–10 years. The numbers of boys and girls were similar at age 11, while at 12 years there were 3.8 girls to every boy. The proportion of study children living in neighbourhoods ranked most deprived (43.4%) was twice the national average. 61.5% of children self-poisoned, 50.6% of them by ingesting analgesics. Of children who self-injured, 45.0% self-cut/stabbed, while 28.9% used hanging/asphyxiation. 32% of the children had a repeat hospital presentation for self-harm, 13.5% re-presented within a year.

Conclusions
Gender patterns of self-harm until age 11 years are different to those of adolescents, with a male preponderance, especially in 5–10 years, and hanging/suffocation being more common. The frequent use of self-poisoning in this age group highlights the need for public health messages to encourage safer household storage of medicines. Self-harm in children is strongly associated with socioeconomic deprivation; understanding the mechanisms involved could be important in effective prevention.
The descriptional power of queue automata of constant length
Authors: Jakobi Sebastian , Meckel Katja , Mereghetti Carlo , Palano Beatrice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the notion of a constant length queue automaton—i.e., a traditional queue automaton with a built-in constant limit on the length of its queue—as a formalism for representing regular languages. We show that the descriptional power of constant length queue automata greatly outperforms that of traditional finite state automata, of constant height pushdown automata, and of straight line programs for regular expressions, by providing optimal exponential and double-exponential size gaps. Moreover, we prove that constant height pushdown automata can be simulated by constant length queue automata paying only by a linear size increase, and that removing nondeterminism in constant length queue automata requires an optimal exponential size blow-up, against the optimal double-exponential cost for determinizing constant height pushdown automata. Finally, we investigate the size cost of implementing Boolean language operations on deterministic and nondeterministic constant length queue automata.
Prophylactic Onlay Mesh Repair (POMR) Versus Primary Suture Repair (PSR) for Prevention of Incisional Hernia (IH) After Abdominal Wall Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Hassan Maha Awaiz , Yunus Rossita Mohamad , Khan Shahjahan , Memon Muhammed Ashraf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith many different operative techniques in use to reduce the incidence of incisional hernias (IH) following a midline laparotomy, there is no consensus among the clinicians on the efficacy and safety of any particular repair technique. This meta‐analysis compares the prophylactic onlay mesh repair (POMR) and primary suture repair (PSR) for the incidence of IH.MethodsA meta‐analysis and systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed Central (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SCI and Cochrane Library databases were undertaken. Seven randomized controlled trials assessing the outcomes of PSR and POMR were analyzed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed using the Rob2 tool.ResultsAccording to the pooled analysis, POMR significantly reduced the incidence of IH compared to the PSR (OR 5.82 [95% CI 2.69, 12.58] P < 0.01) with a significantly higher seroma formation rate post‐surgery (OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.18, 0.67] P < 0.01). Furthermore, the length of hospital stay (WMD −0.78 [95% CI −1.58, 0.02] P = 0.05) was significantly shorter for PSR compared to POMR group. Comparable effects were noted for reintervention, postoperative ileus, postoperative hematoma, postoperative mortality, long‐term intervention and long‐term deaths between the two groups.ConclusionsPOMR significantly reduces the risk of IH when compared to the PSR, with an increased risk of postoperative seroma formation and longer hospital stay. However, more RCTs with standardized protocols are needed for meaningful comparisons of the two interventions, along with longer duration of follow‐up to assess the impact on the occurrence of IH.
Effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of rat offspring
Authors: Cui Feng-he , Li Jie , Li Ke-zhong , Xie Yong-gang , Zhao Xiao-ling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study explored the effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of offspring.

Methods
Thirty-six pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, sevoflurane exposure in early (S1) pregnancy, sevoflurane exposure in middle (S2) pregnancy, and sevoflurane exposure in late (S3) pregnancy. After natural birth, the learning and memory capacity of offspring rats was analyzed using the Morris water maze experiment. The hippocampi of offspring rats were collected. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. Additionally, the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus were analyzed using Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of BDNF and CPEB2 in the hippocampus of offspring. Proteins related to the NR4A1/NF-κB pathway were analyzed using western blotting.

Results
The memory and learning capacity of offspring rats was significantly reduced in the S1 and S2 groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no obvious difference between the control and S3 groups (p > 0.05). The level of IL-1β was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the S1 group compared with the control group. Sevoflurane anesthesia received in early and middle pregnancy could significantly affect the formation of Nissl bodies in the hippocampi of offspring rats. In addition, the expression of BDNF and CPEB2 in the hippocampi of offspring rats was greatly decreased in the S1 group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of NR4A1 in the hippocampi of rat offspring was significantly decreased in the S1 and S2 groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of proteins related to the NF-κB pathway was increased in the S1 group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The neurotoxic effect of maternal sevoflurane anesthesia on the brain development of offspring is higher when the exposure occurs in early pregnancy than in late pregnancy, and its mechanism might involve the NR4A1/NF-κB pathway to increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
Disentangling the relative importance of spatio-temporal parameters and host specificity in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities in a temperate forest
Authors: Grünfeld Leonie , Mola Magkdi , Wulf Monika , Hempel Stefan , Veresoglou Stavros D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany woody and herbaceous plants in temperate forests cannot establish and survive in the absence of mycorrhizal associations. Most temperate forests are dominated by ectomycorrhizal woody plant species, which implies that the carrying capacity of the habitat for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is relatively low and AMF could in some cases experience a limitation of propagules. Here we address how the AMF community composition varied in a small temperate forest site in Germany in relation to time, space, two plant host species, and also with regard to the degree to which plots were covered with AMF-associating woody species. The AMF communities in our study were non-random. We observed that space had a greater impact on fungal community composition than either time, mycorrhizal state of the close-by woody species, or the identity of the host plant. The identity of the host plant was the only parameter that modified AMF richness in the roots. The set of parameters which we addressed has rarely been studied together, and the resulting ranking could ease prioritizing some of them to be included in future surveys. AMF are crucial for the establishment of understory plants in temperate forests, making it desirable to further explore how they vary in time and space.
Caregiver burden in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and non-fluent variant and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Guger Michael , Raschbacher Stefan , Kellermair Lukas , Vosko Milan R. , Eggers Christian , Forstner Thomas , Leitner Karin , Fuchs Alexandra , Fellner Franz , Ransmayr Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies on caregiver burden in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration are rare, differ methodologically and show variable results. Single center longitudinal pilot study on caregiver burden and potential risk factors in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent variants (nfvPPA) primary progressive aphasia. Forty-six bvFTD, nine svPPA, and six nfvPPA patients and caring relatives were analysed for up to 2 years using the Mini-Mental State Examination as global measure for cognitive performance, Frontal Assessment Battery (frontal lobe functions), Frontal Behavioural Inventory (personality and behaviour), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms), Barthel Index and Lawton IADL Scale (basic and instrumental activities of daily living), the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), and in most participants also the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). CSI baseline sum scores were highest in bvFTD (mean ± SD 5.5 ± 3.4, median 5, IQR 6), intermediate in svPPA (2.9 ± 2.3; 3; 3.5) and low in nfvPPA (1.6 ± 2.1; 1; 2). Similar differences of caregiver burden were found using the ZBI. During follow-up, CSI and ZBI sum scores deteriorated in svPPA, not in bvFTD and nfvPPA, and correlated significantly with personality and behaviour, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver age, and instrumental, but not basic activities of daily living, Mini-Mental State Examination scores or frontal lobe functions. This study reveals differences in caregiver burden in variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Caregivers should be systematically asked for caregiver burden from the time of the diagnosis to provide comprehensive support in time.
Automorphism Groups of Certain Enriques Surfaces
Authors: Brandhorst Simon , Shimada Ichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe calculate the automorphism group of certain Enriques surfaces. The Enriques surfaces that we investigate include very general n-nodal Enriques surfaces and very general cuspidal Enriques surfaces. We also describe the action of the automorphism group on the set of smooth rational curves and on the set of elliptic fibrations.
Wirtschaftspolitische Perspektiven für eine neue Bundesregierung
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungVom 25. bis 27. Mai fand der achte New Paradigm Workshop des Forum New Economy statt. Unter dem Titel „Future of the German model II — Perspectives for the next government“ wurden verschiedene Herausforderungen diskutiert, die die deutsche Politik in der kommenden Legislaturperiode beschäftigen werden. Wir bereits beim ersten New Paradigm Workshop sollen auch diesmal ausgewählte Beiträge in einem Wirtschaftsdienst-Zeitgespräch zusammengefasst werden. Die Beiträge des vorherigen Workshops finden sich im Zeitgespräch der Ausgabe 100(10). Im aktuellen Heft werden Einblicke in neue Forschung auf den Gebieten Fiskalpolitik, Populismusforschung, Finanzmarktregulierung, Verteilungs- sowie Klimapolitik gewährt.
Globalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung der weltweit forschungsstärksten Unternehmen
Authors: Belitz Heike , Lejpras Anna 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungMit Patentdaten der weltweit forschungsstärksten Unternehmen lassen sich Informationen über die regionale und technologische Verteilung ihrer Forschungsaktivitäten generieren. Daraus ergeben sich Anhaltspunkte zu den Motiven der Internationalisierung. Unternehmen betreiben Forschung und Entwicklung im Ausland überwiegend in technologischen Feldern, wo sie bereits stark sind und der ausländische Standort über Vorteile verfügt. Die wichtigsten Heimatländer forschender Unternehmen sind auch die wichtigsten Zielländer der Auslandsforschung. Somit dürften nicht nur die Unternehmen, sondern auch diese Forschungsstandorte von der Internationalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung profitieren.
Die Bedeutung der Kostenstruktur für die Effektivität von Staatshilfen
Authors: Bischof Jannis , Karlsson Christopher , Rostam-Afschar Davud , Simon Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise führt bei vielen Unternehmen zu andauernden Umsatzeinbrüchen, die einen akuten Liquiditätsbedarf verursachen, sofern laufende Kosten nicht reduziert werden. Auf Grundlage neuer Daten des German Business Panels wird ein Klassifizierungsverfahren genutzt, das die Kostenstruktur von Unternehmen und damit die Sensitivität gegenüber Umsatzschocks sichtbar macht. Dies ist nützlich, um effektive Hilfsmaßnahmen so zu gestalten, dass sie die Beschäftigung sichern, Insolvenzen genauso wie Insolvenzverschleppung vermeiden, die speziellen Gegebenheiten von Branchen berücksichtigen und die wirtschaftliche Erholung beschleunigen.
Der deutsche Fernbusmarkt — mittelfristig wieder auf ursprünglichem Niveau?
Authors: Ennen David , Scheelhaase Janina , Maertens Sven 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Fernbusverkehr ist zu Beginn der Pandemie fast vollständig zum Erliegen gekommen und nimmt seit Ende März 2021 seinen Betrieb wieder auf. Seit seiner Liberalisierung 2013 bietet der Fernbusverkehr nicht nur preiswerte Mobilität, sondern trägt auch zu Einkommen und Beschäftigung bei. Es ist zu erwarten, dass der Sektor wieder seine bisherige ökonomische Bedeutung erreicht, weil insbesondere Privatpersonen dieses Verkehrsmittel nutzen. Im Gegensatz zu Geschäftsreisen wird hier nach der Pandemie keine Verhaltensänderung erwartet.
Debatte über Renten: Replik und Erwiderung
Authors: Werding Martin , Niemeier Ernst 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Juniausgabe 2021 veröffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel „Beitragsfinanzierung im ‚demografiegestressten‘ Rentensystem möglich“ von Ernst Niemeier. Martin Werding vertritt in einer Replik eine andere Auffassung, im Anschluss erläutert Ernst Niemeier seinen Standpunkt in einer Erwiderung.
Der neue Finanzausgleich zwischen Bund und Ländern: erste Ergebnisse und Bewertungen
Authors: Heinemann André W. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungBereits 2015 wurde erstmalig durch die Konferenz der Ministerpräsident:innen ein neues Finanzausgleichssystem ab 2020 diskutiert und beschlossen. Seitdem sind zahlreiche Beiträge zu den möglichen fiskalischen Auswirkungen, Anreizproblematiken und Bewertungen einiger Detailregelungen entstanden und debattiert worden. Nach der ersten Durchführung im Ausgleichsjahr 2020 ist es nun Zeit, erstmalig auf konkrete Ergebnisse einzugehen und dabei verbliebene und neue Probleme offen zu diskutieren.
The influence of cronyism on entrepreneurial resource acquisition
Authors: Yu Junfan , De Klerk Saskia , Hess Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research focuses on how entrepreneurs utilize cronyism to acquire resources. A case study method allowed us to explore three firms in the private property development industry in China. These firms uniquely cultivated cronyism and achieved distinctly different outcomes. Our findings highlight Chinese entrepreneurs in start-up ventures and later-stage enterprises employ cronyism. The underlying rationale for using cronyism have common and heterogeneous motivations. The similarity and distinguishing rationale also apply to the impact of cronyism. We also find two contingency working mechanisms for cronyism: entrepreneurial characteristics and a staged model for cronyism. With the firm’s growth, cronyism remains important, but firms with more community involvement outperform others. This research contributes to the theory on strategic network utilization for resource acquisition during entrepreneurial development stages. We investigatehowentrepreneurial strategies can assist in adapting to the “rules of the game” while utilizing resources within the set contextual constraints.