bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wintertime In Situ Cloud Microphysical Properties of Mixed‐Phase Clouds Over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Huang Yi , Siems Steven T. , Manton Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn situ observations made over 20 flights during three Austral winters (June to October 2013–2015) were analyzed to characterize the cloud microphysical properties and natural variability of mid‐latitude shallow convective clouds over the Southern Ocean (SO), with a focus on pristine conditions and the mixed‐phase temperature range (MPTR, 0°C to −31°C). Liquid, mixed‐phase, and ice cloud fractions were observed 39%, 44%, and 17% of the time, respectively, under various meteorological settings. Liquid phase clouds were typically characterized by low droplet number concentrations and the common presence of drizzle. Supercooled liquid water was prevalent in the MPTR, while freezing of supercooled raindrops likely formed the primary ice nucleation mechanism in these shallow clouds. Ice particles of various habits were present in the mature/maturing convective cloud cells, suggesting the operation of multiple particle growth regimes. Increased ice particle concentrations (exceeding 100 L−1), well in excess of the expected ice nuclei concentrations, were measured at temperature warmer than approximately −12°C, signaling the operation of secondary ice production mechanisms. However, these cloud segments were spatiotemporally inhomogeneous, suggesting the chaotic and turbulent nature of the secondary ice‐forming processes. Accurately representing these processes in global models, while necessary, is likely a challenge. Our analysis also found marked inconsistencies between several satellite‐based cloud phase products that have underpinned recent developments of model parameterization frameworks. Understanding and addressing these inconsistencies are critical toward improving the representation of SO clouds and their radiative properties in climate models.
Gene expression signatures predict response to therapy with growth hormone
Authors: Stevens Adam , Murray Philip , De Leonibus Chiara , Garner Terence , Koledova Ekaterina , Ambler Geoffrey , Kapelari Klaus , Binder Gerhard , Maghnie Mohamad , Zucchini Stefano , Bashnina Elena , Skorodok Julia , Yeste Diego , Belgorosky Alicia , Siguero Juan-Pedro Lopez , Coutant Regis , Vangsøy-Hansen Eirik , Hagenäs Lars , Dahlgren Jovanna , Deal Cheri , Chatelain Pierre , Clayton Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) is used as a therapeutic agent for disorders of growth including growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Turner syndrome (TS). Treatment is costly and current methods to model response are inexact. GHD (n = 71) and TS patients (n = 43) were recruited to study response to r-hGH over 5 years. Analysis was performed using 1219 genetic markers and baseline (pre-treatment) blood transcriptome. Random forest was used to determine predictive value of transcriptomic data associated with growth response. No genetic marker passed the stringency criteria for prediction. However, we identified an identical set of genes in both GHD and TS whose expression could be used to classify therapeutic response to r-hGH with a high accuracy (AUC > 0.9). Combining transcriptomic markers with clinical phenotype was shown to significantly reduce predictive error. This work could be translated into a single genomic test linked to a prediction algorithm to improve clinical management. Trial registration numbers: NCT00256126 and NCT00699855.
Predictive modeling for peri-implantitis by using machine learning techniques
Authors: Mameno Tomoaki , Wada Masahiro , Nozaki Kazunori , Takahashi Toshihito , Tsujioka Yoshitaka , Akema Suzuna , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to create a model for predicting the onset of peri-implantitis by using machine learning methods and to clarify interactions between risk indicators. This study evaluated 254 implants, 127 with and 127 without peri-implantitis, from among 1408 implants with at least 4 years in function. Demographic data and parameters known to be risk factors for the development of peri-implantitis were analyzed with three models: logistic regression, support vector machines, and random forests (RF). As the results, RF had the highest performance in predicting the onset of peri-implantitis (AUC: 0.71, accuracy: 0.70, precision: 0.72, recall: 0.66, and f1-score: 0.69). The factor that had the most influence on prediction was implant functional time, followed by oral hygiene. In addition, PCR of more than 50% to 60%, smoking more than 3 cigarettes/day, KMW less than 2 mm, and the presence of less than two occlusal supports tended to be associated with an increased risk of peri-implantitis. Moreover, these risk indicators were not independent and had complex effects on each other. The results of this study suggest that peri-implantitis onset was predicted in 70% of cases, by RF which allows consideration of nonlinear relational data with complex interactions.
Interactions between the flavescence dorée phytoplasma and its insect vector indicate lectin-type adhesion mediated by the adhesin VmpA
Authors: Arricau-Bouvery Nathalie , Duret Sybille , Dubrana Marie-Pierre , Desqué Delphine , Eveillard Sandrine , Brocard Lysiane , Malembic-Maher Sylvie , Foissac Xavier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe flavescence dorée phytoplasma undergoes a propagative cycle in its insect vectors by first interacting with the insect cell surfaces, primarily in the midgut lumen and subsequently in the salivary glands. Adhesion of flavescence dorée phytoplasma to insect cells is mediated by the adhesin VmpA. We hypothesize that VmpA may have lectin-like activity, similar to several adhesins of bacteria that invade the insect gut. We first demonstrated that the luminal surface of the midgut and the basal surface of the salivary gland cells of the natural vectorScaphoideus titanusand those of the experimental vectorEuscelidius variegatuswere differentially glycosylated. Using ELISA, inhibition and competitive adhesion assays, and protein overlay assays in the Euva-6 insect cell line, we showed that the protein VmpA binds insect proteins in a lectin-like manner. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate thatN-acetylglucosamine and mannose present on the surfaces of the midgut and salivary glands serve as recognition sites for the phytoplasma adhesin VmpA.
Four distinct Northeast US heat wave circulation patterns and associated mechanisms, trends, and electric usage
Authors: Agel Laurie , Barlow Mathew , Skinner Christopher , Colby Frank , Cohen Judah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNortheastern US heat waves have usually been considered in terms of a single circulation pattern, the high-pressure circulation typical of most heat waves occurring in other parts of the world. However, k-means clustering analysis from 1980–2018 shows there are four distinct patterns of Northeast heat wave daily circulation, each of which has its own seasonality, heat-producing mechanisms (associated moisture, subsidence, and temperature advection), and impact on electricity demand. Monthly analysis shows statistically-significant positive trends occur in late summer for two of the patterns and early summer for a third pattern, while the fourth pattern shows a statistically significant negative trend in early summer. These results demonstrate that heat waves in a particular geographic area can be initiated and maintained by a variety of mechanisms, resulting in heat wave types with distinct impacts and potential links to climate change, and that pattern analysis is an effective tool to distinguish these differences.
A Computational Model for Estimating the Speech Motor System's Sensitivity to Auditory Prediction Errors
Authors: Daliri Ayoub 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The speech motor system uses feedforward and feedback control mechanisms that are both reliant on prediction errors. Here, we developed a state-space model to estimate the error sensitivity of the control systems. We examined (a) whether the model accounts for the error sensitivity of the control systems and (b) whether the two systems have similar error sensitivity.

Method

Participants (
N
= 50) completed an adaptation paradigm, in which their first and second formants were perturbed such that a participant's /ε/ would sound like her /ӕ/. We measured adaptive responses to the perturbations at early (0–80 ms) and late (220–300 ms) time points relative to the onset of the perturbations. As data-driven correlates of the error sensitivity of the feedforward and feedback systems, we used the average early responses and difference responses (i.e., late minus early responses), respectively. We fitted the state-space model to participants' adaptive responses and used the model's parameters as model-based estimates of error sensitivity.

Results
We found that the late responses were larger than the early responses. Additionally, the model-based estimates of error sensitivity strongly correlated with the data-driven estimates. However, the data-driven and model-based estimates of error sensitivity of the feedforward system did not correlate with those of the feedback system.

Conclusions
Overall, our results suggested that the dynamics of adaptive responses as well as error sensitivity of the control systems can be accurately predicted by the model. Furthermore, our results suggested that the feedforward and feedback control systems function independently.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14669808
Trends in hospitalization, mortality, and timing of colonoscopy in patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Devani Kalpit , Radadiya Dhruvil , Charilaou Paris , Aasen Tyler , Reddy Chakradhar M. , Young Mark , Brahmbhatt Bhaumik , Rockey Don C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Current guidelines conditionally recommend performing early colonoscopy (EC) (< 24 hours) in patients admitted with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). It remains unclear whether this practice is implemented widely. Therefore, we used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to investigate trends for timing of colonoscopy in patients admitted with acute LGIB. We also assessed trend of hospitalization and mortality in patients with LGIB.
Patients and methods Adult patients with LGIB admitted from 2005 to 2014 were examined. ICD-9-CM codes were used to extract LGIB discharges. Trends were assessed using Cochrane-Armitage test. Factors associated with mortality, cost of hospitalization, and length of stay (LOS) were assessed by multivariable mixed-effects and exact-matched logistic, linear regression, and accelerated-failure time models, respectively.
Results A total of 814,647 patients with LGIB were included. The most common etiology of LGIB was diverticular bleeding (49 %) and 45 % of patients underwent EC. Over the study period, there was no change in the trend of colonoscopy timing. Although admission with LGIB increased over the study period, the mortality rate decreased for patients undergoing colonoscopy. Independent predictors of mortality were age, surgery (colostomy/colectomy) during admission, intensive care unit admission, acute kidney injury, and blood transfusion requirement. Timing of colonoscopy was not associated with mortality benefit. However, cost of hospitalization was $ 1,946 lower and LOS was 1.6 days shorter with EC.
Conclusion Trends in colonoscopy timing in management of LGIB have not changed over the years. EC is associated with lower LOS and cost of hospitalization but it does not appear to improve inpatient mortality.
Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Saba Noore , Nasir Jamal Abdul , Waheed Usman , Aslam Sidra , Mohammad Iqbal , Wazeer Akhlaaq , Ahmed Saeed , Nisar Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction Blood transfusion is linked to several risks, most notably the transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. The risk posed by these blood-borne infectious agents is high in developing countries, including Pakistan. This fact stresses the need for regular surveillance of TTIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of TTIs at a regional blood center.Material and Methods This was a retrospective 4-year descriptive study undertaken at the Regional Blood Centre in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, on the blood donor data from June 2016 to May 2020. A total of 41,817 donors donated blood during the study period and were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. To ensure donor privacy, donors were identified via codes and no personal information was available. The data were extracted from the ZAAVIA blood transfusion information system database.Results The study included a total of 41,817 donors—41,493 (99.22%) males and 324 (0.78%) females. Of them, 22,343 (53.43%) were voluntary donors while 19,474 (46.57%) were replacement donors. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 4.61% was found. The TTI prevalence rate in voluntary donors was 3.90% while 5.42% in replacement donors. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.95, 1.38, 0.23, 0.91, and 0.14%, respectively.Conclusion The current study documented a high prevalence (1,929 out of 41,817, 4.61%) of TTIs, especially in replacement donors (1,057 out of 19,474, 5.42%), and low participation of female donors. The recommendations include the promotion of voluntary blood donors, enrolment of female blood donors, and screening of donated blood through highly sensitive screening assay (i.e., nucleic acid testing).
Constructing collective identities and solidarity in premiers’ early speeches on COVID-19: a global perspective
Authors: Berrocal Martina , Kranert Michael , Attolino Paola , Santos Júlio Antonio Bonatti , Santamaria Sara Garcia , Henaku Nancy , Koffi Aimée Danielle Lezou , Marziani Camilla , Mažeikienė Viktorija , Pérez Dasniel Olivera , Rajandran Kumaran , Salamurović Aleksandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a unique global experience, arousing both exclusionary nationalistic and inclusionary responses of solidarity. This article aims to explore the discursive and linguistic means by which the COVID-19 pandemic, as a macro-event, has been translated into local micro-events. The analysis studies the global pandemic through the initial statements of 29 leading political actors across four continents. The aim is to examine discursive constructions of solidarity and nationalism through the social representation of inclusion/exclusion of in-, out-, and affiliated groups. The comparative analysis is based on the theoretical and methodological framework of the socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis and is informed by argumentation theory and nationalism studies. The results of our analysis suggest that leaders have constructed the virus as the main outgroup through the metaphors of the pandemic-as-war and the pandemic-as-movement which have entered the national space. Faced with this threat, these speeches have discursively constructed the nation-as-a-team as the main in-group and prioritized (1) a vertical type of solidarity based on nationhood and according to governmental plans; (2) exclusionary solidarity against rule-breakers; (3) horizontal solidarity that is both intergenerational and among family members, and (4) transnational solidarity. It is not by chance that the world stands as a relevant affiliated group that needs to forcibly collaborate in order to face the main outgroup, the virus itself. A major consensus has been found in constructing the out-group. In contrast, the linguistic and discursive constructions of in-groups and their affiliates display a greater variation, depending upon the prevalent discursive practices and social context within different countries.
Enhanced two-dimensional nematic order in slit-like pores
Authors: Gurin Péter , Odriozola Gerardo , Varga Szabolcs 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of out-of-plane positional freedom is examined on the stability of two-dimensional (2D) nematic order of hard non-spherical particles using the second virial density-functional theory. The particles are allowed to move and rotate freely in the plane of confining walls and can move between the two parallel walls. The wall-to-wall distance (H) is varied between the strictly 2D and the two-layer forming cases, i.e. σ < H < 2σ, where σ is the particle’s shortest length. As expected, we observe that more and more particles are required for the formation of 2D nematics with increasing H when the rod-like particles are hard ellipsoids. Surprisingly, we found that the opposite tendency is observed in the case of hard cylinders, i.e. fewer and fewer particles are needed to stabilize the nematic order with increasing H. This paradox can be understood by projecting the three-dimensional system into a 2D mixture of particles having position-dependent aspect ratios and molecular areas. However, the complex phase behaviour found for plate-like cylindrical particles with increasing H cannot be explained in terms of the same simple geometrical arguments.
Preparation of paper-based conductive pattern for 3D printing
Authors: Zhao Chenfei , Wang Jun , Qian Bo , Zhang Zhuoqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the development of printed electronics technology, the demand for printed conductive inks had also put forward higher standards. The shortcomings of traditional printed circuit boards, such as complex technology, consumables, and pollution, had also been resolved with the development of 3D printing technology. In this paper, low-content silver nanoparticles were blended with graphene alcohol slurry and dissolved in a non-polluting solvent such as absolute ethanol. The synergistic effect of the composite of the hexagonal structure of the graphene sheet and the silver nanoparticles improved the ink’s performance of electrical conductivity, adding water-based polyurethane/acrylic resin system to improve the adhesion between ink and paper. The conductive ink can be used to 3D print circuit circuits on paper. After drying, the resistance was measured. After the battery, diode, and switch were connected, a circuit diagram was made. After pressing the diode emits was lighted. This work is expected to be applied to flexible circuit boards to provide basic research.
Global Cytopathology-Hematopathology Practice Trends
Authors: Zadeh Sara L , Balassanian Ronald , Cheung Matthew C , Falchi Lorenzo , Hasserjian Robert , Lin Oscar , Long Steven R , Ly Amy , Menke Joshua R , Mou Eric , Natkunam Yasodha , Ruiz-Cordero Roberto , Volaric Ashley K , Wang Linlin , Wen Kwun Wah , Gratzinger Dita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Small-volume biopsy—fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with or without core biopsy—is in increasing use in diagnosis and management of lymphoma patients. Our objective was to survey the current practice in small-volume biopsy diagnosis of lymphoma, focusing on the interaction among hematopathologists and cytopathologists and the integration of FNAB, core biopsy, and flow cytometry studies at sign-out.

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional survey design employing the RedCap database distributed via nine pathology professional society email listservs. The survey consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions and several free text fields. In total, 128 pathologists participated.

Results
Most respondents indicated that FNAB specimens in which lymphoma is a diagnostic consideration (FNAB-L) are seen daily or weekly (68/116; 58.6%). However, most institutions have separate hematopathology and cytopathology services (72/116; 62.1%) with inconsistent communication. When communication occurred, respondents were frequently inclined to reconsider their original diagnoses. Barriers identified included lack of communication, inadequate access to diagnostic studies, no formal subspecialty training, and various opinions regarding FNAB in diagnosing lymphoma.

Conclusions
This survey showed that FNAB-L specimens are common, with a lack of uniformity in how complementary fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy specimens or flow immunophenotyping results are shared across hematopathology and cytopathology services.
DOP04 Single cell RNA sequencing identifies distinct intestinal inflammation patterns between primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated colitis and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Uniken Venema W , Bangma A , Van der Wijst M , Kats-Ugurlu G , Bjork J , Vich Vila A , Weersma R , Festen E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory disorder of the bile ducts. The etiology of PSC is unknown, but it is hypothesized that intestinal barrier dysfunction, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), plays a role. Roughly 75% of PSC patients have concomitant IBD (PSC-IBD). PSC-IBD is phenotypically different from ulcerative colitis (UC) with predominantly right-sided disease and a higher risk for colorectal cancer. In this study we aim aim to find probable distinct pathomechanisms for PSC-IBD, by comparing gut mucosal biopsies between PSC-IBD and UC using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Methods
47 gut mucosal samples from the colon of subjects with either PSC-IBD (n=24), UC (n=18) or non-IBD control (n=5) were collected, from which 28 were paired inflamed and non-inflamed. Whole biopsies were cryopreserved and dissociated into single cells using collagenase digestion. Library preparation was done using the 10x Genomics system and subsequent sequencing was performed on an MGI2000 sequencer. The ‘Seurat’ R package was used for analysis.

Results
A total of 75.078 high quality cells identified 38 distinct cell types. No differences in cell type composition were observed between PSC-IBD and UC. We did see different cell type composition and gene expression between inflamed and non-inflamed samples. For example, in PSC-IBD specifically, an enterocyte subtype defined by DUOX2-expression showed inflammatory pathways upon inflammation. UC inflammation, on the other hand, was characterized by involvement of BEST4+ enterocytes and inflammatory fibroblasts. In addition, activated B cells and IgA plasma cells expressed stress-related genes in PSC, but not in UC inflammation.

Conclusion
We show that intestinal inflammation in PSC-IBD is characterized by distinct, cell-specific gene expression patterns as compared to UC. This highlights differential cell types mediating inflammation between these IBDs. Our study provides insight in cellular mechanisms underlying intestinal disease in PSC, and may serve as a starting point for further studies, for example on the functions of DUOX2+ enterocytes.