bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile And Direct Adhesive of Cellulose Substrates Using Inorganic Metal Salt Through Partial Welding
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Shumei , Liu Gaozhe , Gao Xin , Tang Xiaoning , Shan Shaoyun , Peng Lincai , Chen Keli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we describe a method of cellulose substrates bonding through partial dissolution using low dosage of zinc chloride aqueous solvent as an adhesive. The results exhibited that the bonding area of strips was tough without any failure though the mechanical test, shrinks in solvent-diffusion area was the main reason that let to breakage. The study found that shrink phenomena in diffusion area can be avoided on a certain extent by the decrease in dosage of zinc chloride. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer revealed that the cellulose was partial dissolved and regenerated cellulose filled with the gaps between fibers, providing evidences of the macromolecular interlocking and entangling mechanism for combining strips. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a certain amount of zinc oxides was remained in the adhesive strips, demonstrating a difficulty of zinc ions to be completely removed due to their close combination with cellulose chains. This work provides an attractive attempt that partially dissolved cellulose was used as an adhesive, extending the application of cellulose welding and a new concept for bonding cellulose materials.
A Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Explore Therapeutic Mechanism of Indian Herbal Formulation Nisha Amalaki in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wadhawan Mohit , Chhabra Varun , Katiyar Amit , Sharma Vandna , Khuntia Bharat Krushna , Rathore Shubhangi , Kaur Punit , Sharma Gautam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nisha Amalaki (NA), an Indian herbal formulation consisting of two herbs, Curcuma longa and Emblica officinalis, has been commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pharmacological mechanism of NA remains unknown. In this study, a network pharmacology-based approach was used to explore its underlying mechanism. NA phytochemicals were collected from PubChem, KNApSAcK, IMPPAT, and ChEBI databases, and their potential targets were investigated using similarity ensemble approach (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.6). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to study the interactions among the targets and clustered into separate modules using NetworkAnalyst 3.0. A significant module (P ≤ .01) was identified, and DAVID web tool was utilized for the enrichment analysis. A total of 201 phytochemicals and 262 targets of NA were selected. Forty-five nodes of the significant module were identified as potential targets of NA. The enrichment analysis exhibited 27 biological processes and 78 pathways (P ≤ .01). Out of 45, 18 nodes were associated with T2DM as probable targets of NA. The metabolite-target-pathway network revealed that anti-diabetic effect of NA is a synergy of multi-target and multi-pathway efforts via regulation of glucose, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, β-cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle.
Evaluation of an Automated Reminder System for Reducing Missed MRI Appointments
Authors: Kenniff James , Ginat Daniel Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The high frequency of missed appointments continues to be a burden to healthcare providers, leading to decreased productivity, quality of service, and quality of outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Televox’s automated appointment reminder service in reducing the missed appointment rate. Televox appointment reminders were implemented at three of five locations in October 2018, and the total and no-show numbers were summed across those locations for each month to calculate monthly missed appointment rates. T-tests were used to compare the missed appointment rate before and after October for four groups, locations with or without Televox implementation, in 2018 or 2019.
Results
An insignificant decline in missed appointment rates was found in locations using with Televox (p = 0.495) overall, although a significant decrease in missed appointments was found among Medicaid patients (p = 0.0381).
Conclusion
Implementation of Televox appointment reminder systems did not significantly affect appointment attendance overall, but could be more useful specifically for encouraging Medicaid patients to attend MRI appointments.
Differential thermopower images as a probe of many-body effects in quantum point contacts
Authors: Ren Yuan , Folk Joshua , Meir Yigal , Rejec Tomaz , Wegscheider Werner 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mesoscopic circuit elements such as quantum dots and quantum point contacts (QPCs) offer a uniquely controllable platform for engineering complex quantum devices, whose tunability makes them ideal for generating and investigating interacting quantum systems. However, the conductance measurements commonly employed in mesoscopics experiments are poorly suited to discerning correlated phenomena from those of single-particle origin. Here, we introduce non-equilibrium thermopower measurements as a novel approach to probing the local density of states (LDOS), offering an energy-resolved readout of many-body effects. We combine differential thermopower measurements with non-equilibrium density functional theory (DFT) to both confirm the presence of a localized state at the saddle point of a QPC and reveal secondary states that emerge wherever the reservoir chemical potential intersects the gate-induced potential barrier. These experiments establish differential thermopower imaging as a robust and general approach to exploring quantum many-body effects in mesoscopic circuits.
Evaluation of An Online Learning Concept For Nursing Students In Caring For Patients With Dementia: Results of A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Dreier-Wolfgramm Adina , Teubner Anja , Kern Katrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Dementia is a major public health concern. Nurses have a key role in caring for patients with dementia and to relieve caregivers. To prepare them for adequate demand-oriented nursing care provision, there is a need for training and education. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, an online course with focus on a health care need assessment was developed.Methods: The Elaine Study is a quantitative study using questionnaire-based interviews. The recruitment of nursing students for the study was guided by following inclusion criteria (a) second-year nursing students participating in the module ‘caring for elderly patients’, (b) less than three missing lectures. Of all nursing students (N=127), n=48 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight students participated. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. For analyzing possible relations between lectures evaluations aspects among each other, the Spearman correlation was used. Collected qualitative data were analyzed by the Kuckartz suggested qualitative content analysis using the software MAXQDA.Results: Nursing students judged the overall course structure as very well (M 1.36, SD 0.48). Learning aims were clear defined (M 1.61, SD 0.68), learning contents have been properly demonstrated (M 1.68, SD 0.67) and teaching methods contribute the understanding (M 1.63, SD 0.62). The exercise on the Geriatric Assessment promote the internal learning process (M 1.67, SD 1.00) and the final online simulation training made lecture contents easier to understand (M 1.86, SD 0.89). Correlation were determined among the course structure and the (1) clear definition of learning aims (rSp 0.566, p=0.002), (2) presentations and references are made available (rSp 0.514, p=0.005), (3) teaching methods contribute the understanding (rSp 0.535, p= 0.004) and (4) an increase of individual learning ability (rSp 0.573, p=0.001). Implication for improvement proposes a reduction of nursing students team members from four or five to a work in teams of two nursing students.Conclusions: The Elaine study describes the feasibility of an online learning concept for nursing students in caring for patients with dementia. To identify actual impact on patient’s health and on caregiver burden as well, further studies are needed.
Infantile Developmental Delay Caused by Pathogenic Mutation in WDR45 Gene and Literature Review
Authors: Cao QingJun , Wang Hua , Huo Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The reasons of infantile developmental delay are varied and complexity. The mode of BPAN inheritance clinical manifestation and imaging findings of childhood BPAN patients are not typical. The reason of WDR45 mutation is still elusive. This study has the objective to give a comprehensive overview of the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of WDR45 mutations.
Methods

This study recruited 258 infants with developmental delay of the babies from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and performed a customdesigned gene panel to capture all exons and 5 base pairs of flanking intronic sequence. We reviewed the WDR45 mutation cases reported before.
Results

We identified two de novo variants in WDR45 mutation and listed the clinical manifestation and treatments. This study summarized variants of the gene WDR45 mutation expression in previous investigations. Childhood patients have the clinical features as generalized developmental delay, seizures, intellectual disorder. By contrast, adolescence and early adulthood patient have the features like developmental regression, dystonia and parkinsonism.
Conclusion

Our study suggest WDR45 mutations cause a series spectrum of neurodegeneration disorders and are most important etiology of BPAN. The developmental delay of infant is not obvious and rarely to be attention. The mode of BPAN inheritance clinical manifestation and imaging findings of infantile BPAN patients are not typical. WDR45 gene mutaion has closely relationship with the function of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
Natural cubic perovskite, Ca(Ti,Si,Cr)O3–δ, a versatile potential host for rock-forming and less-common elements up to Earth’s mantle pressure
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Aslandukov Andrey , Aslandukovа Alena , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , Shelukhina Yulia S. , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Nestola Fabrizio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Perovskite, CaTiO3, originally described as a cubic mineral, is known to have a distorted (orthorhombic) crystal structure. We herein report on the discovery of natural cubic perovskite. This was identified in gehlenite-bearing rocks occurring in a pyrometamorphic complex of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone), in the vicinity of the Dead Sea, Negev Desert, Israel. The mineral is associated with native α-(Fe,Ni) metal, schreibersite (Fe3P), and Si-rich fluorapatite. The crystals of this perovskite reach 50 μm in size and contain many micrometer-sized inclusions of melilitic glass. The mineral contains significant amounts of Si substituting for Ti (up to 9.6 wt% SiO2), corresponding to 21 mol% of the davemaoite component (cubic perovskite-type CaSiO3), in addition to up to 6.6 wt% Cr2O3. Incorporation of trivalent elements results in the occurrence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure; this is the first example of natural oxygen-vacant ABO3 perovskite with the chemical formula Ca(Ti,Si,Cr)O3–δ (δ ~0.1). Stabilization of cubic symmetry (space group Pm3m) is achieved via the mechanism not reported so far for CaTiO3, namely displacement of an O atom from its ideal structural position (site splitting). The mineral is stable at atmospheric pressure to 1250 ± 50 °C; above this temperature, its crystals fuse with the embedded melilitic glass, yielding a mixture of titanite and anorthite upon melt solidification. The mineral is stable upon compression to at least 50 GPa. The a lattice parameter exhibits continuous contraction from 3.808(1) Å at atmospheric pressure to 3.551(6) Å at 50 GPa. The second-order truncation of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gives the initial volume V0 equal to 55.5(2) Å3 and room temperature isothermal bulk modulus K0 of 153(11) GPa. The discovery of oxygen-deficient single perovskite suggests previously unaccounted ways for incorporation of almost any element into the perovskite framework up to pressures corresponding to those of the Earth’s mantle.
Pressure-induced C23–C37 transition and compression behavior of orthorhombic Fe2S to Earth’s core pressures and high temperatures
Authors: Zurkowski Claire C. , Lavina Barbara , Brauser Nigel M. , Davis Anne H. , Chariton Stella , Tkachev Sergey , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Campbell Andrew J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The phase stability of orthorhombic Fe2S was explored to 194 GPa and 2500 K using powder and multigrain synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Between 30 and 120 GPa, a C23-like (Co2P, Pnma, Z = 4) Fe2S structure is observed and determined to exhibit a highly compressible a axis. A softening of the a axis occurs between 120 and 150 GPa and a relative stiffening of the b and c axes accompanies this compressibility change. Above 150 GPa, the a axis stiffens as the b and c axes soften, and a C37-like (Co2Si, Pnma, Z = 4) Fe2S unit cell is measured. On the basis of these changes in unit cell geometry, a pressure-induced C23–C37 Fe2S phase transition is inferred between 120–150 GPa. The C23 and C37 (Pnma, Z = 4) structures are closely related and share the same site symmetries. Forming the C37 structure from the C23 structure requires a shortening of the a axis and lengthening of the b and c axes accompanied by a four- to fivefold coordination change. The softening of the a axis above 120 GPa may therefore indicate the onset of a coordination change, and the final compressibility change above 150 GPa may mark the completion of this phase transition. The presented pressure-temperature (P-T) stabilities of C23 and C37 structures of Fe2S are in agreement with and resolve the differing observations of two previous studies (Tateno et al. 2019; Zurkowski et al. 2022). As C37 Fe2S is observed to core-mantle boundary pressures and high temperatures, the C37 Fe2S density profile through Earth’s outer core was determined by fitting the C23 Fe2S equation of state (&lt;120 GPa) and applying a 1.6% volume reduction based on the C37 Fe2S volume residuals to this fit. Comparing the density of liquid C37 Fe2S with that of liquid hcp-Fe (Dewaele et al. 2006) and the seismologically determined density deficit of Earth’s core (Irving et al. 2018), 13.9 ± 1.5 wt% and 8.6 ± 0.8 wt% sulfur are required to match the densities at the CMB and ICB, respectively, for a purely Fe-S core.
A Rapid Qualitative Review of Sarcoidosis: Clinical Manifestations,
Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Shahgaldi Shahab , Abbasi Ardeshir , Rahmani-Kukia Nasim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Sarcoidosis is a worldwide inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized
by the formation of non-caseating
immune granulomas in involved organs,
most commonly in the
lungs and eyes. Although clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis depend on the organs involved, the
most common symptoms include fatigue, fever, weight loss, eye pain, dyspnea, and chest pain. Sarcoidosis
usually undergoes spontaneous regression, yet its chronic form progressively threatens the
involved organs through the induction of fibrotic damage. Despite decades of medical research, the
etiology of sarcoidosis still remains unclear. Nevertheless, a combination of contributors, including
genetic factors, environmental exposures, and microbial agents, is believed to trigger the inflammatory
state observed in this disease. Furthermore, a highly polarized Th1 and Th17 response with diminished
immunomodulatory mechanisms constitute the most significant immunological event associated
with this disorder. Indeed, sarcoid granulomas, which consist
of
highly activated antigen-presenting
cells (APCs) and lymphocytes, maintain
a robust specialized niche to facilitate antigen presentation
and exaggerated immune responses. Both the unknown etiology and multisystem nature of the disease
have hampered the development of specific therapeutics and definitive diagnostic assays for sarcoidosis.
Consequently, its diagnosis and treatment still represent a challenging task for clinicians. In this
article, we aim to summarize contemporary findings of sarcoidosis and its etiology, pathogenesis, and
treatment.
Moxifloxacin Derivatives with Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Chen Rongxing , Xue Huarui , Xu Yazhou , Ma Tianwei , Liu Yuan , Zhang Jing , Shi Xiangkui , Guo Dong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has already tormented humanity
and the environment for a long time and is responsible for many difficult-to-treat infections. Unfortunately,
there are limited therapeutic options, and MRSA isolates with complete resistance to vancomycin,
the first-line drug for the treatment of MRSA infections, have already emerged in recent
years. Moxifloxacin retained activity against mutant bacterial strains with various levels of fluoroquinolones
resistance and had a lower potential to select for resistant mutants. Isatin is a versatile
structure, and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of many enzymes and receptors. The fluoroquinolone-
isatin derivatives demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against both drug-sensitive
and drug-resistant organisms. The structure-activity relationship elucidated that incorporation of
1,2,3-triazole moiety into the C-7 position of fluoroquinolone skeleton was favorable to the antibacterial
activity. Accordingly, fluoroquinolone derivatives with isatin and 1,2,3-triazole fragments at
the side chain on the C-7 position are promising candidates to fight against drug-resistant bacteria.

Objective:
To explore more active moxifloxacin derivatives to fight against MRSA and enrich the
structure-activity relationships.

Methods:
The synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives 7a-i and 14a-f were evaluated for their antibacterial
activity against a panel of MRSA strains by means of standard two-fold serial dilution
method.

Results:
The majority of the synthesized moxifloxacin derivatives were active against most of the
tested MRSA strains with MIC values in a range of 1 to 64 μg/mL. The mechanistic investigations
revealed that topoisomerase IV was one of the targets for antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:
These derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel topoisomerase IV
inhibitors.
Nutritional Status of Patients Co-Infected with TB/HIV During Tuberculosis Treatment at Conakry-Guinea UHC
Authors: Sow Mamadou Saliou , Camara Alioune , Sidibé Sidikiba , Kaba Ibrahima , Leno Nestor Niouma , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Ibrahima , Camara Lansana Mady 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
The aim was to assess weight gain during tuberculosis treatment in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV.

Methods:
Tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV and undergoing tuberculosis treatment in the pneumophtisiology and infectious and tropical diseases departments of the CHU in Conakry were included.

Results:
562 patients were included, with a mean age of 35.6±11.3 years, and 52.5% were women. The average Body Mass Index [BMI] at baseline was 17.8 3.3 kg/m2. 71.5% of patients had a favorable result and 28.5% had an unfavorable result [death, abandonment]. Healed and lost patients gained an average of 2.6 kg and 0.1 kg respectively. Deceased patients lost an average of 3.6 kg. The weight variations of the cured patients were different from those of the deceased [p < 0.001]. A weight gain of 5% after 6 months of treatment was associated with the treatment site [OR=3.81; 95% CI 1.08 to 13.45], alcohol consumption [OR=10.33; 95% CI 1.20 to 89.16], malnutrition before treatment [OR=2.72; 95% CI 1.43 to 5.17] and the form of tuberculosis [OR=3.27; 95% CI 1.15 to 9.33].

Conclusion:
Newly diagnosed patients co-infected with TB-HIV at Conakry's CHU are often malnourished. Weight gain during treatment seems to be a reliable indicator of the overall response to treatment.
Understanding the Nature of Metadata: Systematic Review
Authors: Ulrich Hannes , Kock-Schoppenhauer Ann-Kristin , Deppenwiese Noemi , Gött Robert , Kern Jori , Lablans Martin , Majeed Raphael W , Stöhr Mark R , Stausberg Jürgen , Varghese Julian , Dugas Martin , Ingenerf Josef 
Published: October 2021

Background
Metadata are created to describe the corresponding data in a detailed and unambiguous way and is used for various applications in different research areas, for example, data identification and classification. However, a clear definition of metadata is crucial for further use. Unfortunately, extensive experience with the processing and management of metadata has shown that the term “metadata” and its use is not always unambiguous.

Objective
This study aimed to understand the definition of metadata and the challenges resulting from metadata reuse.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in this study following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for reporting on systematic reviews. Five research questions were identified to streamline the review process, addressing metadata characteristics, metadata standards, use cases, and problems encountered. This review was preceded by a harmonization process to achieve a general understanding of the terms used.

Results
The harmonization process resulted in a clear set of definitions for metadata processing focusing on data integration. The following literature review was conducted by 10 reviewers with different backgrounds and using the harmonized definitions. This study included 81 peer-reviewed papers from the last decade after applying various filtering steps to identify the most relevant papers. The 5 research questions could be answered, resulting in a broad overview of the standards, use cases, problems, and corresponding solutions for the application of metadata in different research areas.

Conclusions
Metadata can be a powerful tool for identifying, describing, and processing information, but its meaningful creation is costly and challenging. This review process uncovered many standards, use cases, problems, and solutions for dealing with metadata. The presented harmonized definitions and the new schema have the potential to improve the classification and generation of metadata by creating a shared understanding of metadata and its context.