bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Considering Anisotropic And Inhomogeneous Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Li Yao , Zheng Zixuan , Li Qun , Pu Hongbin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To examine the differences of thermal characteristics introduced by material thermal conductivity, anisotropic polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and GaN are analyzed based on the accurate model of grain sizes in the directions of parallel and vertical to the interface and an approximate solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. Due to the space-variant grain structures of PCD, the inhomogeneous-anisotropic local thermal conductivity, homogeneous-anisotropic thermal conductivity averaged over the whole layer and the typical values of inhomogeneous-isotropic thermal conductivity are compared with/without anisotropic GaN thermal conductivity. The results show that the considerations of inhomogeneous-anisotropic PCD thermal conductivity and anisotropic GaN thermal conductivity are necessary for the accurate prediction of temperature rise in the GaN HEMT devices, and when ignoring both, the maximum temperature rise is undervalued by over 16 K for thermal boundary resistance (TBR) of 6.5 to 60 m2K/GW at power dissipation of 10 W/mm. Then the dependences of channel temperature on several parameters are discussed and the relations of thermal resistance with power dissipation are extracted at different base temperature. Compared with GaN, SiC and Si substrates, PCD is the most effective heat spreading layer though limited by the grain size at initial growth interface.
Stromal inflammation is a targetable driver of hematopoietic aging
Authors: Mitchell Carl , Verovskaya Evgenia , Calero-Nieto Fernando , Olson Oakley , Wang Xiaonan , Herault Aurelie , Dellorusso Paul , Swann James , Zhang Si Yi , Svendsen Arthur , Pietras Eric , Bakker Sietske , Ho Theodore , Gottgens Berthold , Passegué Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hematopoietic aging is marked by a loss of regenerative capacity and skewed differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) leading to impaired blood production. Signals from the bone marrow (BM) niche tailor blood production, but the contribution of the old niche to hematopoietic aging remains unclear. Here, we characterize the inflammatory milieu that drives both niche and hematopoietic remodeling. We find decreased numbers and functionality of osteoprogenitors (OPr) and expansion of pro-inflammatory perisinusoidal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with deterioration of the sinusoidal vasculature, which together create a degraded and inflamed old BM niche. Niche inflammation, in turn, drives chronic activation of emergency myelopoiesis pathways in old HSCs and multipotent progenitors (MPP), which promotes myeloid differentiation at the expense of lymphoid and erythroid commitment and hinders hematopoietic regeneration. Remarkably, niche deterioration, HSC dysfunction and defective hematopoietic regeneration can all be ameliorated by blocking IL-1 signaling. Our results demonstrate that targeting IL-1 as a key mediator of niche inflammation is a tractable strategy to improve blood production during aging.
Green Synthesis and Optimization of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots Using the Box-behnken Design, With Anticancer Activity Against the MCF-7 cell line
Authors: Flora R. Mary Nancy , Palani S. , Sharmila J. , M M.CHAMUNDEESWARI 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A green strategy and cost-effective approach was adapted to prepare Zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) for biomedical applications. The prepared ZnO-QDs may hold great promise as sensing scanners for diagnostics and therapy, as demonstrated in our current study. Zinc Sulphate, Azadirachta indica, and Catharanthus roseus leaves extract were used to synthesis a novel natural Zinc oxide bionanocomposite (ZnO-BC) and used as a precursor to prepare ZnO-QDs by microwave-assisted technique. The ZnO-BC was characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential and particle size analysis. The optical properties of QDs were investigated using UV and PL spectrophotometers. Experimental factors like the concentrations of ZnO-NPs, C. roseus and A. verawere evaluated using Box-Behnken design (BBD). MTT and haemolysis assay was performed using ZnO-BC and ZnO-QDs. Maximum absorbance observed at optimized values of 0.5% ZnO-NPs, 1g A.vera gel and 0.5ml C.roseus leaf extract of ZnO-QDs against BBD. There was decreased viability rate, ranging from 60-15% for 0.5mg/ml ZnO-BC and 45-5% for 5 mg/ml ZnO-QDs which revealed a tenfold decrease in cell viability with less concentration scale for 5mg/ml of ZnO-QDs when compared with that of 0.5 mg/ml ZnO-BC. Also, hemolysis test shows that the hemolysis ratio was below 0.5%, indicating non-haemolysis of ZnO-QDs. cellular morphology by results was supported by phase-contrast microscopy images. A good biocompatibility and high anticancer activity was noticed for ZnO-QDs when compared to ZnO-BC and provide versatile applications in the field of Nano biomedicine.
Variational Quantum Optimization with Multi-Basis Encodings
Authors: Patti Taylor , Kossaifi Jean , Anandkumar Anima , Yelin Susanne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, few quantum algorithms for classical optimization demonstrate realizable quantum advantage. The utility of many quantum algorithms is limited by high requisite circuit depth and nonconvex optimization landscapes. We tackle these challenges by introducing a new variational quantum algorithm that utilizes multi-basis graph encodings and nonlinear activation functions. Our technique results in increased optimization performance, a factor of two increase in effective quantum resources, and a quadratic reduction in measurement complexity. While the classical simulation of many qubits with traditional quantum formalism is impossible due to its exponential scaling, we mitigate this limitation with exact circuit representations using factorized tensor rings. In particular, the shallow circuits permitted by our technique, combined with efficient factorized tensor-based simulation, enable us to successfully optimize the MaxCut of the nonlocal 512-vertex DIMACS library graphs on a single GPU. By improving the performance of quantum optimization algorithms while requiring fewer quantum resources and utilizing shallower, more error-resistant circuits, we offer tangible progress for variational quantum optimization.
High Frequency of PDGFRA and MUC Family Gene Mutations in Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-mutant: A Glimmer of Hope?
Authors: Hu Wanming , Duan Hao , Zhong Sheng , Zeng Jing , Mou Yonggao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiffuse hemispheric glioma H3 G34-mutant (G34-DHG) is a new type of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma in the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. The current treatment for G34-DHG involves a combination of surgery and conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy; however, the therapeutic efficacy of this approach is not satisfactory. In recent years, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have achieved significant benefits in a variety of tumors. In-depth understanding of molecular changes and immune infiltration in G34-DHGs will help to establish personalized tumor treatment strategies. Here, we report the clinicopathological, molecular and immune infiltration characteristics of G34-DHG cases from our center along with cases from the HERBY Trial and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database (CGGA). MethodsHematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to present the clinicopathological characteristics of 10 Chinese G34-DHG patients treated at our institution. To address the molecular characteristics of G34-DHG, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of 5 patients from our center and 3 Chinese patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Additionally, 7 European G34-DHG patients from the HERBY Trail were also subjected to analyses, with 7 cases of WES data and 2 cases of RNA-seq data.ResultsWES showed a high frequency of PDGFRA mutation in G34-DHGs (12/15). We further identified frequent mutations in MUC family genes in G34-DHGs, including MUC16 (8/15) and MUC17 (8/15). Although no statistical difference was found, PDGFRA mutation tended to be an indicator for worse prognosis whereas MUC16/MUC17 mutation indicated a favorable prognosis in G34-DHGs. RNA sequencing results revealed that most G34-DHG are considered to be immune cold tumors. However, one patient in our cohort with MUC16 mutation showed significant immune infiltration, and the total overall survival of this patient reached 75 months. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that G34-DHG is a new high-grade glioma with high frequency of PDGFRA and MUC gene family mutations. PDGFRA may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis and an effective therapeutic target. Moreover, MUC16 tends to be a favorable prognostic factor and indicates high immune infiltration in certain patients, and these findings may provide a new direction for targeted therapy and immunotherapy of patients with G34-DHGs.
Vermicompost Leachate, Seaweed Extract and Smoke-Water Alleviate Drought Stress in Cowpea By Influencing Phytochemicals, Compatible Solutes and Photosynthetic Pigments
Authors: Voko Mxolisi Peter , Kulkarni Manoj G , Ngoroyemoto Nelson , Gupta Shubhpriya , Finnie Jeffrey F , Staden Johannes van 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drought is a major constraint for agricultural production worldwide and is likely to become aggravated by global warming. It can induce land degradation, exorbitant food prices and menace livelihoods. Approaches for retaining optimal yield, especially in rainfed staple crops such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) are paramount. Biostimulants; vermicompost leachate (VCL), seaweed extract [Kelpak® (KEL)] and smoke-water (SW) have exhibited effective amelioration for plants under abiotic stresses, however, research on cowpea remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of seed priming of cowpea with VCL, KEL and SW on the growth, photosynthesis and biochemical levels in cowpea cultivated under three watering regimes. SW treatment amplified growth variables (i.e., foliage, shoot height, root length and number of flowers) of water-stressed cowpeas. KEL- and VCL-treated seeds significantly augmented shoot and nodules production by 2 and 4-fold respectively, compared to the control. Leaf carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments in KEL- and SW-treated plants increased considerably under severe water deficits, while leaf proteins decreased by more than 3-fold. The biostimulants also lowered phenolic and flavonoid concentrations. Increasing and decreasing levels of soluble sugars, proteins, photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and flavonoids indicate stress alleviation and osmotic adjustment to water deficits. These biostimulants are a suitable alternative to improve soil fertility, growth, and yield of staple crops under water stress conditions.
Use of Immobilized Enzyme In Granular Activated Carbon And Chitosan Beads For Phenol Removal From Effluents
Authors: de Mello Ana Carina Cruz , Silva Felipe Pereira da , Salgado Andrea Medeiros , Fonseca Fabiana Valéria da 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tyrosinase enzyme present in a crude extract was immobilized in granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated chitosan beads (ACB). It was possible to immobilize up to 70.0 % of the enzymes in GAC in the conditions of 10.0 g of support, 15.7 rad/s of agitation and 90 minutes of contact time, and 100.0 % of enzymes in ACB when using 5 g of support, agitation of 15.7 rad/s and contact time of 120 minutes. In enzymatic oxidation tests, tyrosinase immobilized in GAC was able to achieve a final phenol concentration below the limit required by Brazilian law, 0.5 mg/L for phenol solutions with an initial concentration up to 20.0 mg/L while the enzyme immobilized in ACB was able to adapt solutions with initial concentrations of phenol up to 40.0 mg /L. It was possible to reuse the enzyme immobilized in GAC 2 times, maintaining the same phenol removal efficiency, while the enzyme immobilized in ACB maintained up to 98.0 % of its efficiency in 5 cycles of enzymatic oxidation of solutions with 10.0 mg/L of phenol initially. It was possible to maintain the same phenol removal efficiency as immobilized enzymes when stored for up to 2 weeks.
Transmission Routes of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Godijk Noortje G. , Bootsma Martin C.J. , Bonten Marc J.M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundQuantification of acquisition routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is pivotal for understanding transmission dynamics and designing cost-effective interventions. Different methods have been used to quantify the importance of transmission routes, such as relative risks, odds ratios (OR), genomic comparisons and basic reproduction numbers. We systematically reviewed reported estimates on acquisition routes’ contributions of ARB in humans, animals, water and the environment and assessed the methods used to quantify the importance of transmission routes.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched, resulting in 6054 articles published up until January 1st, 2019. Full text screening was performed on 525 articles and 277 are included.ResultsWe extracted 718 estimates with S. aureus (n=273), E. coli (n=157) and Enterobacteriaceae (n=99) being studied most frequently. Most estimates were derived from statistical methods (n=560), mainly expressed as risks (n=246) and ORs (n=239), followed by genetic comparisons (n=85), modelling (n=62) and dosage of ARB ingested (n=17). Transmission routes analysed most frequently were occupational exposure (n=157), travelling (n=110) and contacts with carriers (n=83). Studies were mostly performed in the United States (n=142), the Netherlands (n=87) and Germany (n=60). Comparison of methods was not possible as studies using different methods to estimate the same route were lacking. Due to study heterogeneity not all estimates by the same method could be pooled.ConclusionDespite an abundance of published data the relative importance of transmission routes of ARB has not been accurately quantified. Links between exposure and acquisition are often present, but the frequency of exposure is missing, which disables estimation of transmission routes’ importance. To create effective policies reducing ARB, estimates of transmission should be weighed by the frequency of exposure occurrence.
Hydrological performance of lined permeable pavements in Norway
Authors: Abdalla Elhadi Mohsen Hassan , Selseth Ingrid , Muthanna Tone Merete , Helness Herman , Alfredsen Knut , Gaarden Terje , Sivertsen Edvard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lined permeable pavements (LPPs) are types of sustainable urban stormwater systems (SUDs) that are suitable for locations with low infiltration capacity or shallow groundwater levels. This study evaluated the hydrological performance of an LPP system in Norway using common detention indicators and flow duration curves (FDCs). Two hydrological models, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)-LID module and a reservoir model, were applied to simulate continuous outflows from the LPP system to plot the FDCs. The sensitivity of the parameters of the SWMM-LID module was assessed using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation methodology. The LPP system was found to detain the flow effectively based on the median values of the detention indicators (peak reduction = 89%, peak delay = 40 min, centroid delay = 45 min, T50-delay = 86 min). However, these indicators are found to be sensitive to the amount of precipitation and initial conditions. The reservoir model developed in this study was found to yield more accurate simulations (higher NSE) than the SWMM-LID module, and it can be considered a suitable design tool for LPP systems. The FDC offers an informative method to demonstrate the hydrological performance of LPP systems for stormwater engineers and decision-makers.
On the need for streamflow drought frequency guidelines in the U.S.
Authors: Vogel Richard M. , Kroll Charles N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Extreme drought and resulting low streamflows occur throughout the U.S., causing billions of dollars in annual losses, detrimentally impacting ecosystems, as well as agricultural, hydropower, navigation, water supply, recreation, and a myriad of other water resource systems, leading to reductions in both the effectiveness and resiliency of our water resource infrastructure. Since 1966, with the introduction of Bulletin 13 titled ‘Methods of Flow Frequency Analysis’, the U.S. adopted uniform guidelines for performing flood flow frequency analysis to ensure and enable all federal agencies concerned with water resource design, planning, and management under flood conditions to obtain sensible, consistent, and reproducible estimators of flood flow statistics. Remarkably, over one-half century later, no uniform national U.S. guidelines for hydrologic drought streamflow frequency analysis exist, and the various assorted guidelines that do exist are not reliable because (1) they are based on methods developed for floods, which are distinctly different than low streamflows and (2) the methods do not take advantage of the myriad of advances in flood and low streamflow frequency analyses over the last 50 years. We provide a justification for the need for developing national guidelines for streamflow drought frequency analysis as an analog to the existing national guidelines for flood frequency analysis. Those guidelines should result in improved water resources design, planning, operations, and management under low streamflow conditions throughout the U.S. and could prove useful elsewhere.
Heavy metals removal from landfill leachate by coagulation/flocculation process combined with continuous adsorption using eggshell waste materials
Authors: Jaradat A. Q. , Telfah Dua'a B. , Ismail Rabah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of agricultural waste materials to remove heavy metals from wastewater is attractive due to its simplicity and economic efficiency. In this study, the applicability of calcined eggshell waste materials (CES) for heavy metals removal from real wastewater were examined via transport column experiment preceded by coagulation/flocculation process.A column packed with granular activated carbon (GAC) is operated in parallel to CES column to evaluate the adsorptive attributes of CES. The findings are assessed from another set of column experiments consisting of sand followed by CES column to evaluate the effect of particulate matter (PM) on CES performance toward heavy metals removal. In coagulation experiment, alum addition at an optimum dose (3.0 g/L) reduced the total suspended solids (TSS) by 80%, whereas the Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr were reduced by 80%, 77%, 76%, 73%, 56%, and 49%, respectively. Under the current applied hydrodynamic conditions, using sand column before CES column improved the removal efficiencies of Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr from 50% to 92%, 55% to 93%, 60% to 87%, 53% to 76%, 45% to 65%, and 41% to 60%, respectively. The whole results illustrate that CES can be competitive to GAC for heavy metals removal from landfill leachate, mainly if applied after PM removal by sand filtration.
The Role of Vitamin D in Gastrointestinal Diseases: Inflammation,
Gastric Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Yao , Hou Jue , Xiao Zhangang , Zhao Yueshui , Du Fukuan , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Chen Yu , Zhang Lin , Cho Chi Hin , Wen Qinglian , Hu Wei , Shen Jing 
Published: November 2021

:
Vitamin D as a prohormone is converted into the active form in vivo and binds
to vitamin D receptors, exercising a wide range of biological functions. Recent studies
strongly support that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced cancer risk
and a good prognosis. Gastrointestinal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related
deaths worldwide. The key role of vitamin D in the development of gastrointestinal cancer
has been observed. Moreover, Vitamin D can also affect innate immunity and perform
anti-inflammation and anti-infection actions. Given the intimate relationship between
cancer and inflammation, we herein summarize epidemiological and preclinical
studies of vitamin D and the underlying mechanism of its action in inflammation, gastric
and colorectal cancer by our group and other researchers. A beneficial effect of vitamin
D in cancer and inflammatory disease has been supported by different studies. More controlled
and larger clinical trials are needed before a reliable conclusion and realization of
vitamin D supplementation in the adjunct treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and
cancer.
Anticoagulation Treatment in Venous Thromboembolism: Options and Optimal
Duration
Authors: Diavati Stavrianna , Sagris Marios , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalambos 
Published: November 2021

:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically presented as deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary
embolism (PE), constitutes a major global healthcare concern with severe complications, long-term morbidity,
and mortality. Although several clinical, genetic, and acquired risk factors for VTE have been identified, the
molecular pathophysiology and mechanisms of disease progression remain poorly understood. Anticoagulation
has been the cornerstone of therapy for decades, but data is sparse regarding primary and secondary VTE prevention,
as well as optimal therapy duration. In this review, we discuss the role of factor Xa in the coagulation
cascade and the different choices of anticoagulation therapy based on patients’ predisposing risk factors and
risk of event recurrence. Further, we compare newer agents to traditional anticoagulation treatment based on
the most recent studies and guidelines.
The Antibacterial Activity of 1,2,3-triazole- and 1,2,4-Triazole-containing
Hybrids against Staphylococcus aureus: An Updated Review (2020-
Present)
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Junwei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a prominent, highly contagious nosocomial and com-munity-acquired bacterial pathogen, can cause a broad spectrum of diseases. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains, which pose potential causes of morbidity and mortality, have continuously emerged in recent years, calling for novel anti-S. aureus agents. 1,2,3-Triazole and 1,2,4-triazole, the bioisostere of amides, esters, and carboxylic acids, are potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, efflux pumps, filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z, and penicillin-binding protein. In particular, 1,2,3-triazole- and 1,2,4-triazole-containing hybrids have the potential to exert dual or multiple anti-bacterial mechanisms of action. Moreover, 1,2,3-triazole-cephalosporin hybrid cefatrizine, 1,2,3-triazole-oxazolidinone hybrid radezolid, and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrid essramycin, have already been used in clinical practice to treat bacterial infections. Hence, 1,2,3-triazole- and 1,2,4-triazole-containing hybrids possess promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against diverse clinically significant organisms, including drug-resistant forms. This review is an update on the latest development of 1,2,3-triazole- and 1,2,4-triazole-containing hybrids with anti-S. aureus activity, cov-ering articles published between January 2020 and July 2021.