bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«...Olgerd ... brought his son Andrey with him...» (Lithuanian-Russian Princes in Pskov in the Middle and the Second Half of the 14 c.)
Authors: Колосова И. О. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются в связи с летописными данными некоторые сфрагистические свидетельства, имеющие отношение к контактам Пскова с выходцами из Витебска и Полоцка. Ключевое значение имеет найденная в 2018 г. в переотложенном слое в раскопе у Варлаамовской башни на Запсковье вислая свинцовая «печать княжа Андреева Олигердовича». Несомненна ее принадлежность одному из старших сыновей Ольгерда Гедиминовича, псковского и полоцкого князя Андрея. Автор уделяет внимание некоторым находкам печатей в Пскове, Новгороде и Твери, которые, по мнению исследователей, также могли иметь отношение к теме русско-литовских отношений середины и второй половины XIV в. Рассматриваются также современные публикации, в которых представлены итоги изучения описаний оттисков на воске, «словесных копий» печатей, в документах ВКЛ. Высказано предположение о том, что Андрей Ольгердович на протяжении своей почти шестидесятилетней деятельности (1341-1399 гг.) пользовался тремя разновидностями печатей: с изображением креста, св. Андрея Стратилата, светского всадника («погони») и с кириллическими надписями на противоположной стороне.
The article deals with some chronicle data and sphragistic evidence related to the contacts of Pskov with Vitebsk and Polotsk. The hanging lead seal of the Prince Andrey Olgerdovich which was found in 2018 in a mixed layer during the excavations in Zapskov'ye at the Varlaam Tower is of key importance. There is no doubt that it belonged to Prince Andrei of Pskov and Polotsk, one of the elder sons of Olgerd Gediminovich. The author pays attention to some finds of seals in Pskov, Novgorod and Tver, which, according to the researchers, could also be related to the theme of Russian-Lithuanian relations in the middle and the second half of the 14 century. Modern publications which present results of the study of wax print descriptions (“verbal copies” of the seals) in the documents of the Great Duchy of Lithuania are also considered. It is suggested that during his almost sixty years of activity (1341-99) Andrei Olgerdovich used three types of seals: with the image of the cross, of St. Andrei Stratilat, of the secular horseman (“pogonja”) and with Cyrillic inscriptions on the opposite site.
New data about the Pskov dokuments of the 15 -early 16 cc
Authors: Анкудинов И. Ю. 
Published: November 2021

В статье приводятся сведения о псковских актах XIII - начала XVI в., обнаруженных и изданных после 1949 г. (публикация ГВНП). Рассматривается современное состояние корпуса псковских актов этого времени. Приводятся сведения о вновь обнаруженных списках псковских актов, изменении физического состояния рядной Тешаты и Якима, а также существенных поправках к опубликованным ранее текстам грамот. Обсуждается вопрос о возможной принадлежности к числу псковских актов грамоты ГВНП № 324.
The article provides the data about the Pskov documents of the 13 - early 16 centuries, discovered and published after 1949 (publication of ГВНП). The current state of the corpus of Pskov documents of that time is considered. The updated information about the newly discovered lists of Pskov documents, changes in the physical condition of the agreement between Teshata and Yakim, as well as significant amendments to the previously published texts of documents are presented. The assumption of the fact that the charter ГВНП No 324 belongs to the corpus of Pskov documents is also discussed.
Christian Objects from the 2 and 3 Mstislavsky Excavation Archaeological Collection of 2017
Authors: Колпакова Ю. В. 
Published: November 2021

В статье дается обзор новых находок предметов христианского культа по итогам сезона 2017 г. из Мстиславских раскопов в Пскове. В контексте аналогичных находок с территории Руси рассматриваются домонгольские энколпионы и их фрагменты, нательные кресты XIV-XV вв., позднесредневековые нательные кресты с изображением Голгофы и с надписями, наперсные кресты и миниатюрные образки.
The paper provides an overview of new finds of Christian objects from the Mstislavsky excavations in Pskov for the 2017 season. Pre-Mongolian reliquary-crosses and their fragments, 14 - 15 c. pectoral crosses, late medieval pectoral crosses with the Calvary image and inscriptions, pectoral crosses and miniature icons are considered in the context of similar finds from Russian territory.
INFLUENCE OF FLOUR COMPOSITE MIXTURE ON BAKING PROPERTIES OF RYE FLOUR
Authors: ВЕРШИНИНА О.Л. , ЗЕРНАЕВА Е.А. , БОНДАРЕНКО А.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Исследовано влияние мучной композитной смеси, содержащей, % от массы смеси: 5 кукурузной муки, 10 нутовой муки, 20 овсяных отрубей, 65 пшеничной муки 1-го сорта, на хлебопекарные свойства ржаной муки. Установлено, что с увеличением дозировок вносимых в ржаную муку компонентов композитной смеси наблюдается увеличение показателя числа падения. Рассчитана величина числа разжижения. Графически показана прямолинейная зависимость между величиной числа разжижения и составом смеси. Доказано, что внесение в ржаную муку 5% кукурузной муки, 10% нутовой муки, 20% овсяных отрубей, 65% пшеничной муки 1-го сорта снижает активность альфа-амилазы и обеспечивает необходимое качество выпеченного хлеба. Показана целесообразность применения мучной композитной смеси в технологии хлеба из ржаной и смеси ржаной и пшеничной муки с целью улучшения ее хлебопекарных и функциональных свойств.
The influence of flour composite mixture containing, % by weight of the mixture: 5 cornmeal, 10 chickpea flour, 20 oat bran, 65 wheat flour 1st grade, on baking properties of rye flour is investigated. It is established that with increasing dosages of the components of the composite mixture introduced into rye flour, an increase in the incidence of falling number is observed. The value of the dilution number is calculated. Linear dependence between magnitude of the dilution number and composition of the mixture is graphically shown. It is proved that the introduction into rye flour 5% cornmeal, 10% chickpea flour, 20% oat bran, 65% wheat flour 1st grade reduces the activity of alfa-amylase and provides the necessary quality of baked bread. The expediency of use of flour composite mixture in technology of bread from rye and mixtures of rye and wheat flour for the purpose of improvement of its baking and functional properties is shown.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION-PRESSING EXTRACTION OF SUCROSE OUT FROM SUGAR-BEET COSSETTES
Authors: РЕШЕТОВА Р.С. , ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ В.О. , СЕМЕНИХИН С.О. , КОТЛЯРЕВСКАЯ Н.И. 
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены особенности диффузионного и диффузионно-прессового способов извлечения сахарозы из свекловичной стружки при работе на диффузионных аппаратах с наклонной, колонной и ротационной типами конструкции. Обосновано использование жомопрессовой воды в составе экстрагента. Дан расчет экономической эффективности применения диффузионно-прессового извлечения сахарозы из свекловичной стружки. Установлено, что при диффузионно-прессовом извлечении сахарозы из свекловичной стружки эффективность процесса достигается при величине отбора диффузионного сока 105–110% к массе свеклы при остаточном содержании сахарозы в свежем жоме 2,0–2,5% к его массе. Дальнейшее доизвлечение сахарозы прессованием до содержания сухих веществ 24–28% в прессованном жоме обеспечивает достижение потерь с прессованным жомом на уровне 0,35% к массе свеклы. Чистота возвращаемой в составе экстрагента жомопрессовой воды будет примерно равной чистоте клеточного сока и не окажет существенного влияния на чистоту диффузионного сока. Ожидаемый экономический эффект от перехода на диффузионно-прессовый способ извлечения сахарозы составит 62–72 млн р. для завода производительностью 4000 т свеклы в сутки, а производственный сезон сократится на 10–12 сут.
Features of diffusion and diffusion-pressing methods of extraction of sucrose from sugar-beet cossettes are considered when working on diffusion apparatus with inclined, column and rotational types of construction. The use of pulp water as part of the extracting is substantiated. The cost-effectiveness of realization diffusion-pressing extraction of sucrose from sugar-beet cossettes is estimated. It was established that the effective extraction is carried out at a flow rate of the diffusion juice of 105–110% to beet mass, reaching a residual sucrose content in fresh pulp 2,0–2,5% to its mass. Further extraction of sucrose by pressing to a solids content of 24–28% in pressed pulp provides achievement of losses with pressed pulp at 0,35% to beet mass. The expected economic effect of shifting to a diffusion-pressing method of sucrose extraction is 62–72 million rubles for a factory with a capacity of 4000 tons of beet per day, and also the production season is reduced by 10–12 days.
SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAD FROM EINKORN
Authors: ДУРАКОВА А. , КРЪСТЕВА А. , ДИМОВ И. 
Published: November 2021

Определены сорбционные характеристики хлеба из зерна полбы с целью оптимизации условий хранения продукта. Мука из зерна полбы типа 2300 была изготовлена на кафедре технологии зерновых, кормовых, хлебобулочных и кондитерских изделий Университета пищевых технологий, имела основные параметры – влажность 12%, содержание золы 2,3%, кислотность 1,9°H, содержание влажного глютена 1,6% и представляла собой сухое порошкообразное вещество бежево-коричневого цвета, с типичными для высушенного продукта вкусом и запахом, не имеющее посторонних привкуса и запаха. Из полученной муки был выпечен хлеб: масса 398 г, объем 560 см3, формоустойчивость (H/D) 0,41; цвет корки темно-коричневый, корка гладкая, грубая; мякиш насыщенно-желтого цвета, с равномерной пористостью, ощущением привкуса арахиса. Технологические потери составили 9,54. Сорбционные характеристики образцов испеченного хлеба определяли с использованием аппарата Autosorp. Для контроля влажности использовали метод высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Результаты эксперимента описывали тремя модифицированными моделями. Установлено, что модифицированная модель Oswin является наиболее адекватной для описания сорбционных изотерм исследованного продукта – хлеба из зерна полбы. Мономолекулярная влажность, рассчитанная путем линеаризации уравнения Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), для исследованных образцов хлеба из зерна полбы при температуре 25°С и относительной влажности воздуха 20–60% для процессов адсорбции и десорбции составила 4,80 и 4,69% с. м. соответственно.
Sorption characteristics of bread from the einkorn grain are defined in order to optimize the storage conditions of the product. Flour from the einkorn grain of type 2300 was made on chair of technology of grain, fodder, bakery and confectionery of University of food technologies, had the basic parameters – humidity of 12%, ash content of 2,3%, acidity of 1,9°H, the content of damp gluten of 1,6% and represented dry powdery substance of beige and brown color, with the taste and smell typical for the dried product which has no foreign taste and smell. From the obtaining flour have baked bread: weight 398 g, the volume of 560 cm3, formability (H/D) 0,41; color cover dark brown, cork smooth, tough; pulp deep yellow color, with uniform porosity, a sense of mild taste of peanuts. Technological losses amounted to 9,54. Sorption characteristics of baked bread samples were determined using Autosorp apparatus. The method of high-performance liquid chromatography was used for humidity control. The results of the experiment were described by three modified models. It is established that the modified Oswin model is the most adequate for the description of sorption isotherms of the studied product – bread from the einkorn grain. Monomolecular moisture calculated by linearization of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation for the studied samples of bread from the einkorn grain at a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 20–60% for the adsorption and desorption processes was 4,80 and 4,69% of the dry mass, respectively.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LAYERED PRESSURE FLOW IN THE AUGER CHANNEL
Authors: ГУКАСЯН А.В. , КОСАЧЕВ В.С. , КОШЕВОЙ Е.П. 
Published: November 2021

Получено аналитическое решение двумерного слоистого напорного течения в канале шнека, позволяющее моделировать расходно-напорные характеристики прямоугольных каналов шнековых прессов с учетом гидравлического сопротивления формующих устройств и рассчитывать расходно-напорные характеристики экструдеров в широком диапазоне геометрии витков как в поперечном сечении, так и по длине канала.
Obtained the analytical solution of two-dimensional layered pressure flow in the screw channel, allow to simulate the flow-dynamic pressure characteristics of rectangular channels screw presses taking into account the hydraulic resistance of the forming device and calculate the mass flow-dynamic pressure characteristics of the extruders in a wide range of the geometry of the coils, as in its cross section and along the length of the channel.
ACTIVITY OF REDOX ENZYMES IN THE MUST AND WINE MATERIALS FROM GRAPES OF NEW VARIETIES
Authors: АГЕЕВА Н.М. , МАРКОВСКИЙ М.Г. , БИРЮКОВА С.А. , ПРАХ А.В. , ЯКИМЕНКО Е.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Исследована активность основных окислительных ферментов – ортодифенолоксидазы (ОДФО) и пероксидазы (ПО) в сусле и виноматериалах, произведенных из винограда классических сортов и их клонов и новых сортов – внутри- и межвидовых гибридов. Эксперименты проведены без обработки сусел и вин диоксидом серы и бентонитом. Установлено, что активность ОДФО и ПО имела наибольшие значения в образцах сусел из винограда гибридных сортов Цитронный Магарача, Виорика и Бархатный. Сбраживание сусел приводило к снижению активности окислительных ферментов вследствие их трансформации или сорбции дрожжевыми оболочками. Аналогичная закономерность установлена для сусел и виноматериалов из винограда красных сортов: наибольшая активность ОДФО выявлена в образцах сусла из винограда новых сортов – Алькор, Красностоп анапский и Красностоп АЗОС, характеризующихся высоким накоплением фенольных соединений. Достаточно высокую активность ПО имели образцы из винограда сортов Алькор, Владимир, Мицар. Сбраживание сусел из винограда всех исследованных красных сортов привело к уменьшению активности окислительных ферментов ОДФО и ПО в виноматериалах, однако это снижение было менее существенным в сравнении с образцами белых столовых вин.
The activity of the main oxidative enzymes – autodependencies (AD) and peroxidase (PO) in the must and wine produced from classic grape varieties and their clones and new varieties of intra - and interspecific hybrids were investigated. The experiments were carried out without processing of the must and wines by sulfur dioxide and bentonite. It was found that the activity of АD and PO had the highest values in the samples of grape-based hybrid grape varieties Tsitronnyy Magaracha, Viorika and Barkhatnyy. Fermentation of the must led to a decrease in the activity of oxidative enzymes due to their transformation or sorption by yeast shells. A similar pattern is set for must and wine from red grapes: the greatest activity, АD found in samples of the must from grapes of new varieties Alkor, Krasnostop anapskiy and Krasnostop AZOS, characterized by a high accumulation of phenolic compounds. Samples from grapes of Alkor, Vladimir, Mitsar varieties has rather high activity PO. Fermentation must of grapes from all the studied red varieties led to a decrease in the activity of oxidative enzymes AD and PO in wine materials, but this decrease was less significant in comparison with samples of white table wines.
Environmental Energy Harvesting Techniques to Power Standalone IoT-Equipped Sensor and Its Application in 5G Communication
Authors: Singh Satyanand 
Published: November 2021

In the recent few years, due to its significant deployment to meet global demand for smart cities, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention. Environment energy harvesting devices, which use ambient energy to generate electricity, could be a viable option in near future for charging or powering stand-alone IoT sensors and electronic devices. The key advantages of such energy harvesting gadgets are that they are environmentally friendly, portable, wireless, cost-effective, and compact. It is significant to propos and fabricate an improved, high-quality, economical, and efficient energy harvesting systems to overcome power supply to tiny IoT devices at the remote locations. In this article, various types of mechanisms for harvesting renewable energies that can power sensor enabled IoT locally, as well as its associated wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. These methods are discussed in terms of their advantages and applications, as well as their drawbacks and limitations. Furthermore, methodological performance analysis for the decade 2005 to 2020 is surveyed in order to identify the methods that delivered high output power for each device. Furthermore, the outstanding breakthrough performances of each of the aforementioned micro-power generators during this time period are emphasized. According to the research, thermoelectric modules can convert up to 2500×10^(-3) W/cm^2, thermo-photovoltaic 10.9%, piezoelectric 10,000 mW/cm^3 and microbial fuel cell 6.86 W/m^2 of energy. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-08 Full Text: PDF
Diseases of the urinarysystem of cows : 1. Clinical examination and urine analysis
Authors: S.. Al - Sammarrae S. A.G , AI – Azawi W. S.T. 
Published: November 2021

To study the diseases of the urinary system in cows, clinical examination including rectal palpation and urine samples from (697) cows were done in some farms, hospitals and two cattle stations (AI – Latifia and Al-Dijala) during the period July 1993 to April 1994. Clinical examination and rectal paplation of all cows in Al - Dijala station showed obvious clinical signs which indicat abnormalities in the urinary system . These include changes in the size of the kidneys with the presence or absence of lobulation . The ureter was palpable in some of these cows because of it's enlargement and the bladder showed thickening of the wall. However all cows in the control group ( farms , hospitals & Ai - Latifia ) were free from any signs of urinary disturbances. The color of the urine in Al – Dijala was milky to cloudy red, and all samples were charcterized by small of ammonia. The specific gravity was low, and the urine pH was higher than normal , also all samles showed positive results for protein examination and only four cows showed positive results for benzidine test. The physical and chemical properties of the urine samples collected from control and Al - Latifia station cows were within the normal values. Examination of urine Sediment showed clear increase in the number of epithelial cells , pus cells and blood cells beside the presence of casts and bacteria in Al – Dijala station. The study concluded the close relationship between diseases of urinary and reprodective systems : Urinary system infection in Al - Dijala station cows were 100% because of a suspected out break of infectious pustule valvovaginitis which occur during the period of study, however the urine culture of Al - Latifia revealed the presence of 51 cows (19.69%) bacterial isolates.
Study on the pathology and parasitic affection of liver in sheep and cattle at Mosul area
Authors: Al-Sultan I. I. , O. Youkhana, S. , M. Mahran, O. 
Published: November 2021

A sample of (700) seven hundred out of (3000) three thousand randomly collected livers of sheep and cattle from Mosul abattoir during a biweekly visits of six months period , has been subjected to both grads and histopathological examinations.
Results indicated that parasites induced the highest percen tages of tissue changes in the livers of cattle and sheep, the parasites responsible were Hydatid Cysts and Fasciola gigantica which indicated that Mosul and surrounding areas were endemic with these parasites. Typical cases of liver cirrhosis were recognized in cattle and less in sheep. Mixed infection of mentioned parasites with liver abcesses and hepatic necrosis were diagnosed more frequ ently in sheep than in cattle, a diffuse form of lesbons was round in cattle while the focal from was encountered in sheep.
Congestion and degenerative changes like fatty livers were not seen in cattle but formed a respective percentage (1%) and (1.1%) in sheep. Other conditions were identified like icteric livers , than percentages were and low closely relatd in both species of animals.
Study of the blood supply of the brain in sheep
Authors: Kadhum Khalid Kamil 
Published: November 2021

The brain of the sheep receives its blood supply through the carotid rete and the basilar artery. The carotid rete formed of contribution of internal carotid artery and branches from maxillary artery. The internal carotid artery courses on the ventral surface of the cerebal crus to give the rostral cerebal artery and the caudal communicating artery . Thus , arteries excepted the middle cerebal artery forming with the same arteries of the opposite side , the cerebal arterial circle or circle of Willis. The internal caroted artery also gives off hypophysialartery to the
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hypophysis. The caudal communicating artery give off the caudal cerebal artery and the rostral cerebellar artery and unite with the corresponding artery of the opposite side to form the basilar artery rostral to the pone . The basilar artery gives off the pontine artery , caudal cerebellar artery and the medullary branch.
Field investigation on Hypomagnesaemic and Hypocuprosis in Cattle in Baghdad Provience
Authors: .S. Dr. Al-Juburii , K.O 
Published: November 2021

This field investigation has been coducted on 5l animals from different areas in baghdad provience . Their ages ranged from 10days to 7years. They were devided into two groups . Group 1 consisted of 26 animals showed signs of hypomagnesaemia and hypocuporosis · The result indicated asignificance decrease in magnesium level (p <0.01 ) which asgnificance decrese in magnesium and cuppor levels (p <0.01) which were less than 1.6 mg/100 ml respectivly especially in calves ranged 2-4 months of age.
The result of group 2 which consisted of 25 animals (control) indicated that the percentage of magnesium and cupper were within normal range.