bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Neuro)Aesthetics: Beauty, ugliness, and ethics
Authors: Dietrich Philip , Knieper Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this essay is a holistic view of aesthetics, ethics, and neuroaesthetics. After a few introductory case studies, aesthetics is systematically introduced as a philosophical subdiscipline. This perspective is then expanded from aesthetics to neuroaesthetics. Using various art forms as well as current media formats, the aspects of beauty and ugliness are discussed, and aesthetic properties are expanded to include ethical implications. These can be expressed through ideals of beauty and the compulsion for body transformation. This perspective is then expanded from aesthetics to neuroaesthetics. From this point of view of art, the so‐called golden ratio will play a central role. It will be shown how representations affect people and what ethical implications are associated with the effects. Therefore, this essay first has to look at art from the perspective of neuroaesthetics, and then consider the ethical aspects of the beautiful and the ugly. The considerations lead to a brief discussion of Socrates's three sieves.
Registration of three peanut allotetraploid interspecific hybrids resistant to late leaf spot disease and tomato spotted wilt
Authors: Chu Ye , Stalker H. Thomas , Marasigan Kathleen , Levinson Chandler M. , Gao Dongying , Bertioli David J. , Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C. M. , Holbrook C. Corley , Jackson Scott A. , Ozias‐Akins Peggy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has a narrow genetic base and is isolated from its wild relatives. This genetic bottleneck results in a lack of strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, high levels of genetic variation and resistance exist among the wild relatives. In order to enlarge the genetic base of cultivated peanut and introgress beneficial alleles from the wild relatives, interspecific hybrids were produced among a set of selected diploid species. Upon colchicine treatment, fertile allotetraploids were recovered from three combinations including (A. ipaënsis KG 30076 × A. correntina GKP 9530)4x (Reg. no. GP‐241, PI 695391), (A. ipaënsis KG 30076 × A. duranensis KGBSPSc 30060)4x (Reg. no. GP‐242, PI 695392), and (A. valida KG30011 × A. stenosperma V 10309)4x (Reg. no. GP‐243, PI 695393). All of them demonstrated high levels of resistance to leaf spot diseases in the field. Tolerance to Tomato spotted wilt virus was found in (A. valida KG 30011 × A. stenosperma V 10309)4x. These newly created allotetraploids are cross‐compatible with cultivated peanut. These genetic resources will provide peanut breeding researchers with new sources of disease resistances to improve the agronomic performance of cultivated peanut.
Incorporating polymers within a single‐crystal: From heterogeneous structure to multiple functions
Authors: Ren Jie , Liu Yujing , Li Hanying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle‐crystals, commonly considered as homogeneous solids, are able to be internally interfaced abnormally with guest polymers, which can be found in the biominerals where single‐crystals incorporate surrounding biomacromolecules to reinforce their mechanical properties. This unique feature combining heterogeneous structure and long‐range atomic ordering have attracted abundant investigations of reproducing their synthetic analogs to expand the potential application scope. Here, we summarize the recent progresses in the synthetic single‐crystal composites, where polymer guests are incorporated inside single‐crystals to generate heterogeneous structures without interruption to the long‐range ordering of crystal hosts. First, the uniform and patterned encapsulations inside the various single‐crystals are concluded in the sequence of isolated and continuous polymer‐based guests. In addition, the mechanisms are classified chemically and physically, and the corresponding controlled factors that govern the incorporation processes are discussed. Most importantly, typical attempts on the applications of these heterogeneous single crystals are introduced, including mechanical reinforcement, bandgap engineering, catalyst, self‐healing, controlled release, and optoelectronic devices. We aim at stressing on the current and potential applications benefited from the unique structural properties of the polymer incorporated single‐crystals, and accordingly propose the perspectives to accelerate the path from the structural analysis toward prosperous functions.
Phase 1 study in healthy participants of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of enpatoran (M5049), a dual antagonist of toll‐like receptors 7 and 8
Authors: Port Andreas , Shaw Jamie V. , Klopp‐Schulze Lena , Bytyqi Afrim , Vetter Claudia , Hussey Elizabeth , Mammasse Nadra , Ona Victor , Bachmann Angelika , Strugala Denis , Reh Christian , Goteti Kosalaram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple oral doses of enpatoran (formerly named M5049), a new toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 dual antagonist, and the effect of food on a single dose in healthy participants. In this single phase 1, randomized (3:1), double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 96 participants received single and multiple ascending oral doses of enpatoran. Participants in single‐dose cohorts received one dose of enpatoran (1, 3, 9, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg) or placebo using a sentinel dosing strategy. Multiple‐dose cohorts received enpatoran (9, 25, or 200 mg once daily, or 25 or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo for 14 days. Safety, tolerability, PK, and PD (ex vivo‐stimulated cytokine secretion) were assessed in both parts. The effect of food was assessed in an open‐label, one‐way crossover study in the 25 mg single‐dose cohort. Single‐ and multiple‐oral doses of enpatoran up to 200 mg were well tolerated and no significant dose‐limiting adverse events or safety signals were observed under fasting or fed conditions. PK parameters were linear and dose‐proportional across the dose range evaluated, with a slightly delayed absorption and lower peak concentration observed at 25 mg with food. Exposure‐dependent inhibition of ex vivo‐stimulated interleukin‐6 secretion was observed, with maximum inhibition at 200 mg. Enpatoran was well tolerated at doses up to 200 mg. Further investigation of enpatoran is warranted as a potential treatment for diseases driven by TLR7/8 overactivation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Ask the River: A Public Art and Placemaking Project
Authors: Billings Elizabeth , Lovett Evie , Wasserman Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntertwining people and place, Ask the River is a public art and placemaking project reconnecting the Brattleboro, Vermont community to the nearby Connecticut River. Ask the River is guided by the Abenaki understanding that people and place are one: we are the River, the River is us. Three artists and multiple community partners create public art for community–a riverscape of shimmering kinetic sculpture spanning the town's parking garage–and in community, in workshops using the hands‐on, accessible and engaging process of cyanotype. The River is inspiration and guide. The purpose of Ask the River is for the Brattleboro community to explore seeing ourselves as a part of, not separate from, the River: to create pathways of reconnection, to enable us to hear its voice.
Sketched Stochastic Dictionary Learning for large‐scale data and application to high‐throughput mass spectrometry
Authors: Permiakova Olga , Burger Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFactorization of large data corpora has emerged as an essential technique to extract dictionaries (sets of patterns that are meaningful for sparse encoding). Following this line, we present a novel algorithm based on compressive learning theory. In this framework, the (arbitrarily large) dataset of interest is replaced by a fixed‐size sketch resulting from a random sampling of the data distribution characteristic function. We apply our algorithm to the extraction of chromatographic elution profiles in mass spectrometry data, where it demonstrates its efficiency and interest compared to other related algorithms.
Investigating the controls on greenhouse gas emission in the riparian zone of a small headwater catchment using an automated monitoring system
Authors: Wang Jihuan , Bogena Heye , Süß Thomas , Graf Alexander , Weuthen Ansgar , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRiparian zones as the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems play an important role in C and N cycling and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As such, they may help to mitigate climate change but could also accelerate it, depending on the particular processes affected by changes in the hydrologic regime. Hydrological observations indicated frequent shallow groundwater in the riparian zone, especially near the stream and during the wet winter and spring seasons with consequently frequent occurrence of soil water saturation. The redox potential was mainly governed by the soil water regime: under water saturation conditions, the redox potential of the soil decreased and returned to the oxic state after soil drainage. We found that soil temperature and soil water content were the main drivers of the variations in CO2 fluxes, with highest CO2 emission during summer and the lowest emissions in the winter period (162.2–5.4 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1). The annual average daily N2O emission rate was low (2.3 μg N2O‐N m−2 h−1), with the highest average daily N2O emission in March as a result of low temperature and partial soil saturation after heavy precipitation events (37.5 μg N2O‐N m−2 h−1). Our study showed that continuous measurement of redox potential, soil temperature, and soil water content can improve the understanding of GHG emissions in riparian zones.
Antimicrobial and dye degradation application of fungi‐assisted silver nanoparticles and utilization of fungal retentate biomass for dye removal
Authors: Gola Deepak , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Arya Arvind , Gupta Dhriti , Raghav Jyoti , Kaushik Ankush , Agarwal Meenu , Chauhan Nitin , Srivastava Sunil Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study utilized Aspergillus spp. for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); the developed AgNPs were categorized using analytical techniques, that is, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer, Zeta‐potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A sharp peak of 463 nm highlighted the synthesis of AgNPs; further Zeta‐potential of −16 mV indicates stability of synthesized AgNPs. The TEM micrograph showed spherical and hexagonal shapes of synthesized AgNPs of 6–25 nm. The photocatalytic activity of fungal‐mediated AgNPs was evaluated for degradation of reactive yellow dye in the concentration range of 20–100 mg L−1. The results showed efficient degradation of dye using AgNPs in short span of time. For antibacterial activity, synthesized AgNPs, antibiotic, and AgNPs + antibiotic were tested. As per results, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of AgNPs showed the values of 13 and 10 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Further, the ZOI of penicillin highlighted the values of 18 and 17 mm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. When AgNPs and penicillin were used in combination, a clear synergistic effect was observed; the ZOI showed 0.49‐ and 0.36‐fold increase in area against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, in comparison with penicillin or AgNPs alone. Further, the leftover biomass (retentate biomass) was used to decolorize the reactive yellow dye at different initial concentration ranging from 20 to 100 mg L−1. It was observed that 1 g L−1 retentate biomass (BR) can effectively remove 82%–100% dye at 20 and 100 mg L−1 initial dye concentration. Results also indicated that with increase in initial reactive dye concentration from 20 to 100 mg L−1, the decolorization capacity of retentate biomass (BR) (at 0.2 g L−1) decreased from 79.2% to 32.3%. However, the use of AgNPs synthesized leftover fungal biomass can be a good option for up taking the additional dyes/contaminants, and also as leftover biomass can be utilized effectively, it can prove to be an excellent approach for environment safety. As the literature studies did not mentioned the further use of retentate biomass, the present study provides an excellent approach for further research on this aspect.Practitioner points

Synthesis of AgNPs from Aspergillus spp. and characterized with the help of a U.V‐vis spectrophotometer, a zeta potential, DLS and TEM.
The developed AgNPs were used for antibacterial and dye degradation activity.
The left over (retentate) fungal biomass was used further for additional dye degradation activity
An accuracy comparison of piecewise linear reconstruction techniques for the characteristic finite volume method for two‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equation
Authors: Para Kanokwarun , Jitsom Bubpha , Eymard Robert , Sungnul Surattana , Sirisubtawee Sekson , Phongthanapanich Sutthisak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we apply the characteristic finite volume method (CFVM) for solving a convection‐diffusion problem on two‐dimensional triangular grids. The finite volume method is used to discretize the equation while the finite element method is applied to estimate the gradient quantities at cell faces. The numerical analysis of the convergence has been implemented for the CFVM in one‐dimension. The approximate L2 norm of the error is derived to determine the errors for the approximate solution. The accuracy of four piecewise linear reconstruction techniques, namely, Frink, Holmes‐Connell, Green‐Gauss, and least‐squares methods are investigated on structured triangular grids. Numerical evidence shows that the least‐squares method is the most accurate of all methods for smooth initial condition problems. For discontinuous initial condition problems, the Frink and the Holmes‐Connell methods give a spurious oscillating solution in the vicinity of the discontinuity upstream of the discontinuity, and the Green‐Gauss and least‐squares methods give a spurious oscillating solution in the vicinity of the discontinuity downstream of the discontinuity. Moreover, the amplitude of the oscillation could be amplified on the finer grid sizes.
The Impact of the Music Industry in Europe and the Business Models Involved in Its Value Chain
Authors: de-Miguel-Molina Blanca , Boix-Doménech Rafael , Rausell-Köster Pau 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyses the impact of the music industry in Europe. Although the direct and indirect impact of this industry in the European economy is significant, the sector is made up of different activities and companies, which compete and encounter diverse challenges in it. The current situation of these companies and organisations is presented through an analysis of the business models of several enterprises engaging in a variety of activities throughout the industry’s value chain, such as music production, publishing, distribution and exhibition. Moreover, we analyse digital transformation and the growth in rivalry detected in these activities.
Soundcool: A Business Model for Cultural Industries Born Out of a Research Project
Authors: Lloret-Romero Nuria , Sastre-Martínez Jorge , Ospina-Gallego Crismary , Scarani Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoundcool is a system for musical, sound and visual collaborative creation through mobile phones, tablets and other interfaces. This paper describes the creation of the app from the outset, illustrating not only how the Soundcool® system has been developed from the initial idea to the current reality, but also the evolution that the app has had during this period and how it has become ready to use. The research group in the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV) has played a key role in the development of the app. We also explain the opportunities for Soundcool in different markets and economic sectors. Last but not least, we describe how the idea has been financed to make it a reality.
The Intangible Cultural Landscape of the Banda Primitiva de Llíria
Authors: Santamarina-Campos Virginia , Gasent-Blesa José Luis , Alcocer-Torres Pau , Carabal-Montagud Mª Ángeles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Banda Primitiva de Llíria is presented as an open heritage resource, which has been built on the uses, values and symbols assigned to it by the local town of Llíria and its inhabitants over the musical society’s two centuries of history. This work focuses on analysing how this musical phenomenon contributes to positioning creativity and cultural industries at the centre of local development, reinforcing the identity elements of Llíria and the Valencian Region. It intends to support the safeguarding, respect and awareness of one of the oldest civic bands in Spain, providing greater visibility and creating positive recognition of the fundamental importance of this form of intangible cultural heritage for social cohesion and development, in an environment that is transformed into one of collective action, shared culture and creativity.
Conclusions: Music as an Economic, Social, Cultural, Creative and Resilient Activity
Authors: de-Miguel-Molina María , Santamarina-Campos Virginia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMusic, like many cultural and creative industries, can be analysed from symbolic, political and economic dimensions. It is a vibrant, highly resilient sector that has continued to evolve over time from prehistory to the present. Moreover, the music industry has developed in lockstep with technology, creating fascinating business models since the inception of the Internet, forcing companies and artists to adapt continuously to the new environment. This is also related to music customers, who change their preferences as new genres and trends appear. Governments are well aware of the opportunities that music affords to local development and have created public policies that boost the sector. On the other hand, music has also proved its educational role, and its function as an identity builder, especially in local environments where music is present in many festivities in the shape of bands. Mediterranean locations have a rich tradition in this type of musical societies and groups which create a collective identity that is transmitted from one generation to the next. Finally, music has not been immune to the crisis caused by the pandemic, though it has once again shown resilience in this respect, adapting rapidly to the new economic, societal and educational challenges that are currently affecting the entire world.
Effects of co-formulants on the absorption and secretion of active substances in plant protection products in vitro
Authors: Karaca Mawien , Fischer Benjamin Christian , Willenbockel Christian Tobias , Tralau Tewes , Marx-Stoelting Philip , Bloch Denise 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrently, the authorisation process for plant protection products (PPPs) relies on the testing of acute and topological toxicity only. Contrastingly, the evaluation of active substances includes a more comprehensive set of toxicity studies. Nevertheless, mixture effects of active ingredients and co-formulants may result in increased toxicity. Therefore, we investigated effects of surface active co-formulants on the toxicity of two PPPs focussing on qualitative and quantitative toxicokinetic effects on absorption and secretion. The respective products are based on the active substances abamectin and fluroxypyr-meptyl and were tested for cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of the corresponding surfactants and co-formulants using Caco-2 cells. In addition, the effect of co-formulants on increased cellular permeation was quantified using LC–MS/MS, while potential kinetic mixture effects were addressed by fluorescence anisotropy measurements and ATPase assays. The results show that surface active co-formulants significantly increase the cytotoxicity of the investigated PPPs, leading to more than additive mixture effects. Moreover, analytical investigations show higher efflux ratios of both active substances and the metabolite fluroxypyr upon combination with certain concentrations of the surfactants. The results further point to a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of Pgp transporters by most of the surfactants as well as to increased membrane fluidity. Altogether, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that surfactants contribute to increased cytotoxicity of PPPs and do so by increasing the bioavailability of the respective active substances.
The application prospect of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Luo Junchao , Zhang Yin , Zhu Senbo , Tong Yu , Ji Lichen , Zhang Wei , Zhang Qiong , Bi Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current understanding of osteoarthritis is developing from a mechanical disease caused by cartilage wear to a complex biological response involving inflammation, oxidative stress and other aspects. Nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery due to its good stability in vivo and cell uptake efficiency. In addition to the above advantages, metal/metal oxide NPs, such as cerium oxide and manganese dioxide, can also simulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and catalyze the degradation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Degrading of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles releases metal ions, which may slow down the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation, promoting cartilage repair and inhibiting cartilage ossification. In present review, we focused on recent research works concerning osteoarthritis treating with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and introduced some potential nanoparticles that may have therapeutic effects.
Modification of EDC method for increased labeling efficiency and characterization of low-content protein in gum acacia using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Nilsson Lars , Lee Seungho , Choi Jaeyeong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) is widely used as a crosslinker for fluorescence labeling of protein in the fields of biochemistry and food analysis. Many natural polysaccharides often contain some proteins or peptides that are very low in content but play a vital role in their biological function as well as technical applications. Determination of these low-content proteinaceous matters requires a highly sensitive and selective method. In this study, a methodological approach for investigations of the presence of proteinaceous material over the molar mass distribution (MD) of polysaccharides was developed using gum acacia (GA) as a model polysaccharide. EDC fluorescence-labeling method was modified by changing the pH (7, 9, and 11) of the solution for the analysis of low-content protein in food materials. Fluorescence spectroscopy and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) were employed for characterizing the labeling efficiency and physiochemical properties of unlabeled and fluorescence-labeled GA. AF4 provided molar mass (M) and the radius of gyration (rG) of arabinogalactan (AG) and arabinogalactan protein complex (AGP) and determined the presence of proteinaceous matter over the MD. The labeling efficiencies of GA at pH 7, 9, and 11 determined by fluorescence spectroscopy were 56.5, 68.4, and 72.0%, respectively, with an increment of 15.5% when pH was increased from 7 to 11. The modified EDC fluorescence-labeling method allows highly sensitive and selective analysis of low-content proteinaceous matters and their distribution in natural polysaccharides.
Graphical abstract