bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Optical AND Gate Using T- Shaped Waveguide
Authors: Rao Dalai Gowri sankar , Karyabhattu Seeta Rama Raju , Swarnakar Sandip , Kumar Santosh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultra-compact all-optical AND logic gate is realized for optical processing and photonic integrated devices with two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides based on beam interference principle. The performance of the structure is examined and evaluated by optimized parameters such as refractive index and silicon rod radius. The results obtained from a numerical calculation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and plane wave expansion method. The photonic crystal based all-optical AND logic gate has benefits of compact size as 38.88 μ𝑚2, operated at low power levels, high transmission ratio and good time response as 0.124 ps. Associated with conventional semiconductor optical amplifiers, Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photonic crystal ring resonators proposed methodology provides better performance with a high achieved more than 97% transmission ratio, at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.
Eye-care Utilization Among a Canadian Diabetic Refugee Population: A Retrospective Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Tanya Stuti M , He Bonnie , Aubrey-Bassler Christine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading and preventable cause of blindness. DR screening lies at the intersection of many documented challenges in access to care for refugees. Additionally, vision screening is determined to be an important health need and a critical locus for underutilization of health services among refugees resettling in Canada. To date, there is a limited body of evidence on the ocular health of refugees in Canada and no known studies on diabetic vision screening among refugees. Our objective was to identify patterns of eye-care utilization among refugee and non-refugee patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparative cohort study at the Memorial University Family Medicine clinic, which includes the province’s largest dedicated refugee clinic. All patients with a new T2DM diagnosis between 2015-2020 were included. Data were described using basic statistics and unpaired t-tests. This study received full approval from the Newfoundland and Labrador Health Research Ethics Board. Results: 73 (18 refugee, 55 non-refugee) patients were included. Refugees had a significantly higher rate of referral to an eye-care provider (ECP) (p=0.0475) and were more likely to attend their ECP appointment than non-refugees (p=0.016). The time from diagnosis to referral was significantly longer for refugees than non-refugees (p=0.0498). A trend towards a longer time from referral to appointment attendance for refugees than non-refugees was noted (p=0.9069). Conclusions: Our study is the first to report eye-care utilization among an Atlantic Canadian refugee population, and among the first to report access to diabetic vision care among refugees worldwide. Although refugee patients in our study cohort had higher rates of referral to ECPs and utilization of eye-care services, they also experienced a longer time to access care. Specialist care is known to be more challenging to access for vulnerable populations. Our findings suggest that there may be a role for ECPs to collaborate with primary care providers to improve access to vision screening services. Limitations include the small sample size as well as selection and detection bias inherent to a retrospective chart review.
Parental methyl-enhanced diet and in ovo corticosterone affect first generation Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) development, behaviour and stress response.
Authors: Boulton Kay , Perez Jonathan , Wilkinson Toby , Hogan Kris , Homer Natalie , Robert Christelle , Smith Jacqueline , Meddle Simone L , Dunn Ian C , Watson Kellie , Bishop Valerie R , Wilson Pete W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The role of maternal investment on avian offspring has considerable life history implications on production traits and therefore potential for the poultry industry. A first generation (G1) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were bred from a 2 x 2 factorial design. Parents were fed either a control or methyl-enhanced (HiBET) diet, and their eggs were treated with a vehicle or corticosterone injection during day 5 of incubation. A subset of G1 birds were subjected to an open field trial (OFT) and capture restraint stress protocol. Significant effects of HiBET diet were found on parental egg and liver weights, G1 hatch, liver and female reproductive tract weights, egg productivity, latency to leave the OFT central zone, male baseline 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and female androstenedione plasma concentrations. In ovo treatment significantly affected latency to return to the OFT, male baseline testosterone and androstenedione, and change in androstenedione plasma concentration. Diet by treatment interactions were significant for G1 liver weight and male baseline plasma concentrations of corticosterone.
These novel findings suggest significant positive effects on reproduction, growth, precociousness, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis function from enhanced methyl diets, and are important in understanding how in ovo stressors (representing maternal stress), affect the first offspring generation.
Gut microbiome of capybara, the Amazon master of the grasses, harbors unprecedented enzymatic strategies for plant glycans breakdown
Authors: Cabral Lucelia , Persinoti Gabriela F. , Paixao Douglas A. A. , Martins Marcele P. , Chinaglia Mariana , Domingues Mariane N. , Morais Mariana A. B. , Sforca Mauricio L. , Pirolla Renan A. S. , Generoso Wesley C. , Santos Clelton A. , Maciel Lucas F. , Terrapon Nicolas , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , Murakami Mario T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Plant biomass is a promising feedstock to replace fossil-based products including fuels, chemicals and materials. However, the high resistance of plant biomass to either physicochemical or biological deconstruction has been hampering its broad industrial utilization and, consequently, the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. The gut system from herbivores are formidable bioreactors in nature for lignocellulose breakdown and the diverse ecological niches where herbivores are found have led to the rise of a myriad of molecular strategies to cope with the sheer complexity of plant polysaccharides. This study illuminates how the underexplored microbiota of the largest living rodent, capybara, found in Pantanal wetlands and the Amazon basin, can efficiently depolymerize and utilize lignocellulosic biomass.Results: Here, we have elucidated the gut microbial structure and composition of the semiaquatic herbivorous capybara through multi-omics approaches. Metabolic reconstruction of this microbiota showed that cellulose degradation is likely performed by Fibrobacter bacteria, whereas hemicelluloses and pectins are processed by a broad arsenal of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) organized in polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) identified in the multiple metagenome-assembled genomes from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis showed short chain fatty acids as major fermentation products, which are key markers of digestion performance of plant polysaccharides. Exploring the genomic dark matter of this gut microbial community, two novel CAZymes families were unveiled including a glycoside hydrolase family of β-galactosidases (GHXXX) and a carbohydrate-binding module family (CBMXX) involved in xylan binding that establishes an unprecedented three-dimensional fold among associated modules to CAZymes. Conclusions: Our results reveal how the capybara gut microbiota orchestrates the depolymerization and utilization of dietary plant polysaccharides, representing an untapped reservoir of new and intricate enzymatic strategies to overcome the recalcitrance of plant polysaccharides, a central challenge toward a circular and sustainable economy.
Research on Machining Errors Control by Adaptive CNC Machining Process for Near-Net-Shaped Jet Engine Blades
Authors: Wu Dongbo , Wang Hui , Yu Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study proposes an adaptive CNC machining process based on on-machine measurement to control the machining error of near-net-shaped blades. The multi-source and multi-process machining error transmission model of a near-net-shaped blade is established, and the reduction effect of the machining error transmission chain by the adaptive CNC machining process is qualitatively analyzed based on the machining error transmission flow model. The effects of the adaptive CNC machining process on the positioning benchmark error, machining position error, and machining contouring error are explored based on an experiment for the adaptive CNC machining process. In particular, the ability of the adaptive CNC machining process to cooperatively control the blade position error and the contouring error is discussed in relation to the stiffness of the blade-fixture system. The results show that the adaptive CNC machining process can reasonably reduce the machining errors caused by the positioning benchmark. The final deviation band of the blade body is reduced by 60% based on this adaptive CNC machining process. The adaptive CNC machining process can optimize the contouring error and the position error of the blade tenon root with only the stiffness of the blade-fixture system prerequisite being ensured. The adaptive CNC machining process has the excellent ability to control machining errors to improve the machining quality of the blade.
The Associations Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hemady Chad Lance , Wong Siu Ching , Thurston Christina , Fry Deborah , Murray Aja Louise , Meinck Franziska 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Research suggests that maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with substance use during pregnancy and poor infant outcomes (i.e., premature birth, low birth weight). However, to date, no systematic review has synthesised the effect of ACEs on these three outcomes. Method: The framework for this review will be adapted from the guidelines laid out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. The electronic databases to be searched will include: PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL and will be carried out by one reviewer. Studies that fit the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be screened, assessed, and extracted independently by two reviewers with discrepancies to be resolved by a third reviewer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies will be used to critically evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. If a sufficient number of studies are found to be comparable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model.Discussion: This review will provide supporting evidence on the body of literature exploring the long-term and intergenerational consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The results of the review can help inform policies and interventions related to maternal health as well as early childhood development. The gaps identified in the review can also help inform recommendations for future research.
Two Different Corneal Incision Designs for Correcting Corneal Astigmatism During Cataract Surgery With Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Liu Dan , Fan Cong , Li Chunyan , Jiang Jian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) is very intolerant to residual corneal astigmatism and patients with more than 1.0 D of residual corneal astigmatism are not suitable candidates for implantation of multifocal IOLs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single clear corneal incision (CCI) or an opposite clear corneal incision (OCCI) made on a steep meridian for correction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during implantation of multifocal IOLs.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 50 patients with pre-operative total corneal astigmatism, ranging between 0.5 and 2.0 diopters (D), who underwent cataract surgery and received multifocal IOLs were included. Correction of corneal astigmatism was done via single CCIs on steep meridians in patients with 0.5–1.2 D total corneal astigmatisms, and OCCIs in patients with 1.3–2.0 D total corneal astigmatisms. Visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, ocular aberrations, corneal aberrations, and subjective vision quality were evaluated after surgery.Results: At 12-weeks post-surgery, the mean uncorrected distance vision (UCDV) was 0.06±0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and 0.03±0.09 logMAR, and the mean uncorrected near vision (UCNV) was 0.08±0.11 logMAR and 0.09±0.09 logMAR in the CCI and OCCI groups, respectively. The change in corneal astigmatism was 0.52 ± 0.22D and 1.06 ± 0.23D in the CCI and OCCI groups, respectively (P<0.001). Total corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and trefoil increased in both groups (P<0.05); however, there was no difference in the change in total corneal HOAs between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: CCI and OCCI made on a steep axis could be an option for correction of mild-to-moderate astigmatism during cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation.
The Effect of Different Hydration Media on Magnesia
Authors: von Hoessle Friedrich , Farid Reham , Mohamed Mayar , Hammouda Rawia M. , Kühn Fritz E. , Bassioni Ghada 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the rate of hydration of magnesia (CCM1 and CCM2) during the formation of magnesium hydroxide with magnesium acetate and distilled water. The influence of magnesium acetate and the reactivity of the two types of caustic calcined magnesia were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, mass spectrometry, particle size detection and pH. Also, both citric acid and acetic acid test were done to measure the reactivity of magnesium oxide powder. The results indicate that the hydration rate of both oxides in magnesium acetate system are vigorously exothermic compared to the water system. The study shows mechanistically that magnesium acetate enhanced the degree of hydration of magnesium oxide due to the presence of acetate ions and Mg2+ ions when it compared to water. Mathematical models confirm the findings.
Title: LAMP Assays for the Simple and Rapid Detection of Clinically Important Urinary Pathogens Including the Detection of Resistance to 3rd Generation Cephalosporins
Authors: RIVOARILALA Lalainasoa Odile , JEANNODA Victor , CRUCITTI Tania , COLLARD Jean Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Timely and accurate identification of uropathogens and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility is paramount to the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The main objective of this study was to develop an assay using LAMP (Loop mediated isothermal amplification) technology for simple, rapid and sensitive detection of the most common bacteria responsible for UTIs, as well as for the detection of the most prevalent genes (encoding cefotaximases from CTX-M group 1) responsible for resistance to 3rd generation of cephalosporins. Method: We designed primers targeting Proteus mirabilis, while those targeting Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis and the CTX-M group 1 resistance gene were benchmarked from previous studies. The amplification reaction was carried out in a warm water bath for 60 min at 63±0.5 °C. The amplicons were revealed by staining with Sybr Green I. Specificity and sensitivity were determined using reference DNA extracts spiked in sterile urine samples. The analytical performance of the assays was evaluated directly on pellets of urine samples from patients suspected of UTI and compared with culture.Results: We found a high specificity (100%) for LAMP assays targeting the selected bacteria (P. mirabilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis) and the CTX-M group 1 when using DNA extracts spiked in urine samples. The sensitivities of the assays were around 1.5 103 Colony Forming Units (CFU) /mL corresponding to the cut-off value used to define bacteriuria or UTIs in patients with symptoms. Out of 161 urine samples tested, using culture as gold standard, we found a sensitivity of the LAMP techniques ranging from 96 to 100 % and specificity from 95 to 100 %.Conclusion: We showed that the LAMP assays were simple and fast. The tests showed high sensitivity and specificity using a simple procedure for DNA extraction. In addition, the assays could be performed without the need of an expensive device such as a thermal cycler. These LAMP assays could be useful as an alternative or a complementary tool to culture reducing the time to diagnosis and guiding for more effective treatment of UTIs but also as a powerful diagnostic tool in resource-limited countries where culture is not available in primary health care structures.
TVScript: A Tool for Exploring the Effects of Intra-Condition Variation on the Detection of Differentially Expressed Genes
Authors: Lobo Diana , Godinho Raquel , Archer John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The evolution of RNA-Seq technologies yielded datasets that are of immense scientific value. Commonly, such data is generated within differential expression studies, where datasets derived from individual samples are grouped into conditions, and gene expression patterns quantified. The number of archived datasets is increasing and revisiting many at an inter-study level provides an in-depth view into transcriptome evolution. The biggest hurdle is in dealing with variation of read counts at an individual transcript level between common conditions. We present a tool, TVScript, that quantifies intra-condition variation, and subsequently, removes reference-based transcripts that are associated with high levels of this. TVScript is demonstrated at inter and intra-study levels, using data from brain samples of dogs, wolves and foxes (aggressive and tame), where a marked improvement in the distribution of the gene-wise dispersion estimates, the metric utilized by the majority of differential expression tools, lowered the number of outliers detected. We provide support for seven candidate genes with potential for being involved with selection for tameness, and that appear to play a crucial role in canine domestication. We also identify several genes previously identified as being differentially expressed, but that possessed high intra-condition variation, weakening their relevance. TVScript is available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tvscript/.
The Screening, Characterization and Identification of Chitinolytic Actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. ANU5a.
Authors: Tiwari Piyush Kumar , Mandal Shubhjeet , Anchal Anchal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Streptomyces sp. ANU5a is a potential plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and a highly effective biocontrol agent. It produces Chitinases in broth media containing Chitin. Earlier reports on the chitinase production revealed the key importance of casein hydrolysate and yeast extract as additional sources of carbon and nitrogen to increase the yield. 16S rRNA-based method was used to identification of a Chitinolytic Actinomycete a Streptomyces sp. ANU5a was completed from Mangrove soil samples. Ammonium sulphate precipitation method was used for partial purification of Chitinases. The Chitinases have optimum activity at a temperature of 50-55°C and pH 5-6. Three protein bands of 20kDa, 67kDa, and 240kDa are resolved by Native-PAGE of Ammonium Sulphate fractions; the smallest band of 20kDa belongs to Chitinase. Enzyme activity for chitinase was recorded by zymogram analysis. Streptomyces sp. ANU5a was found to have notable antifungal activity on culture plates. We correlate the antimicrobial activity of Streptomycetes sp. ANU5a with Chitinase activity and other PGPR traits.
Melt treatment in die casting industries
Authors: BHASKAR M. , Nalluswamy Tamil Selvam , P.Suresh  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Molten aluminum metal is often contaminated with dissolved gases, inclusions, oxides, slag and insoluble materials. This results casting defects like porosity, pin holes and hard spots which reduces properties like strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and pressure tightness. The loss incurred in producing one defect casting is nearly equal to the profit gain by producing ten good castings. Hence producing defect free castings is highly economical in industries to gain profit. Proper treatment of molten aluminum metal is highly essential before casting process to achieve sound castings. This paper describes the effective cleaning methods like fluxing, degassing and addition of Strontium and Tibal alloy elements to induce grain modification and grain refinement in the alloy.
Estimation of Glucose and Galactose Content in a Natural Polysaccharide Isolated from Tubers of Colocasia Esculenta using a Validated RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Pawar Harshal Ashok , Choudhary Pritam Dinesh , Gavasane Amit Jagannath 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Nowadays, natural polysaccharides are preferred over synthetic polymers
because they are biocompatible, cheap, and easily available than synthetic ones. The polysaccharide
obtained from the tuber of the Colocasia esculenta was reported to exhibit many
pharmaceutical applications as an excipient.

Objective:
The application of any polymer in formulating various dosage forms depends upon
its qualitative and quantitative chemical composition. Therefore, in the current research work,
the quantitative composition of the polysaccharide isolated from Colocasia esculenta was determined
by the validated HPLC method.

Methods:
RP-HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent, Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 column
(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of citrate buffer of pH 5.5: Tetrahydrofuran:
Acetonitrile (87.1:11.9:1 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. UV detection was performed
at 307 nm. The method was validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines.

Results:
The calibration curve constructed for glucose and galactose was found linear with correlation
coefficients of 0.997 and 0.994, respectively. The system suitability parameters, such as
theoretical plate, tailing factor, and relative standard deviation (RSD), were well within the limits.
Solution stability data indicated that the solution was stable for 24 hours at 25°C. The watersoluble
polysaccharide from Colocasia esculenta was found to contain glucose and galactose in
the ratio 8:1.

Conclusion:
The validated RP-HPLC method was found to be specific, linear, precise, and accurate
and can be successfully used for simultaneous estimation of glucose and galactose content
in the polysaccharides.