bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Study of Transesterification of Vegetable Oils in the Continuous-Stirred-Tank Reactor at Unsteady-State and Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Gonawan Fadzil Noor , Kamaruddin Azlina Harun 
Published: May 2021

The continuous-stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) is favorable for bi-phasic enzymatic reaction due to ease of operation, cost-effective and low downtime. Lack of study on the enzymatic reaction in the CSTR has disfavor this type of reactor compared to batch and packed bed. Presently, a simulation was carried out to simulate the behavior of the lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel by using CSTR at isothermal conditions. The mathematical model incorporated the effect of the kinetic, thermal, and operating parameters. The parameters such as Michaelis constant (Km), inhibition constant (Ki), Gibbs inactivation energy (DelG) and mol flow rate are among determining factors of the course of the reaction. It is suggested that the enzyme with lower , higher , and higher should be chosen for the reaction. In continuous operation in the CSTR, the volumetric flow rate of the substrates and the initial concentration of the feed could be used to control reaction performance as these parameters will determine the total mol or ratio of the substrates in the reactor. Most, importantly, the longer residence time is preferred to achieve higher conversion, however, the volumetric flow rate must not be too low to prevent underperformance of reaction.
Rapid volume pulsation of the extracellular space coincides with epileptiform activity in mice and depends on the NBCe1 transporter
Authors: Colbourn Robert , Hrabe Jan , Nicholson Charles , Perkins Matthew , Goodman Jeffrey H. , Hrabetova Sabina 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Extracellular space (ECS) rapid volume pulsation (RVP) accompanying epileptiform activity is described for the first time.
Such RVP occurs robustly in several in vitro and in vivo mouse models of epileptiform activity.
In the in vitro 4‐aminopyridine model of epileptiform activity, RVP depends on the activity of the electrogenic Na+/HCO3– cotransporter (NBCe1).
NBCe1 pharmacological inhibition suppresses RVP and epileptiform activity.
Inhibition of changes in ECS volume may be a useful target in epilepsy patients who are resistant to current treatments.
​AbstractThe extracellular space (ECS) of the brain shrinks persistently by approximately 35% during epileptic seizures. Here we report the discovery of rapid volume pulsation (RVP), further transient drops in ECS volume which accompany events of epileptiform activity. These transient ECS contractions were observed in multiple mouse models of epileptiform activity both in vivo (bicuculline methiodide model) and in vitro (hyaluronan synthase 3 knock‐out, picrotoxin, bicuculline and 4‐aminopyridine models). By using the probe transients quantification (PTQ) method we show that individual pulses of RVP shrank the ECS by almost 15% in vivo. In the 4‐aminopyridine in vitro model, the individual pulses of RVP shrank the ECS by more than 4%, and these transient changes were superimposed on a persistent ECS shrinkage of 36% measured with the real‐time iontophoretic method. In this in vitro model, we investigated several channels and transporters that may be required for the generation of RVP and epileptiform activity. Pharmacological blockages of Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1), K+/Cl– cotransporter (KCC2), the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) were ineffective in halting the RVP and the epileptiform activity. In contrast, pharmacological blockade of the electrogenic Na+/HCO3– cotransporter (NBCe1) by 4,4'‐diisothiocyano‐2,2'‐stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) eliminated both the RVP and the persistent ECS shrinkage. Importantly, this blocker also stopped the epileptiform activity. These results demonstrate that RVP is closely associated with epileptiform activity across several models of epileptiform activity and therefore the underlying mechanism could potentially represent a novel target for epilepsy management and treatment.
Allosteric modulation of cardiac myosin mechanics and kinetics by the conjugated omega‐7,9 trans‐fat rumenic acid
Authors: Pertici Irene , Taft Manuel H. , Greve Johannes N. , Fedorov Roman , Caremani Marco , Manstein Dietmar J. 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Direct binding of rumenic acid to the cardiac myosin‐2 motor domain increases the release rate for orthophosphate and increases the Ca2+ responsiveness of cardiac muscle at low load.
Physiological cellular concentrations of rumenic acid affect the ATP turnover rates of the super‐relaxed and disordered relaxed states of β‐cardiac myosin, leading to a net increase in myocardial metabolic load.
In Ca2+‐activated trabeculae, rumenic acid exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the force‐generating mechanism without affecting the number of force‐generating motors.
In the presence of saturating actin concentrations rumenic acid binds to the β‐cardiac myosin‐2 motor domain with an EC50 of 200 nM. Molecular docking studies provide information about the binding site, the mode of binding, and associated allosteric communication pathways.
Free rumenic acid may exceed thresholds in cardiomyocytes above which contractile efficiency is reduced and interference with small molecule therapeutics, targeting cardiac myosin, occurs.
AbstractBased on experiments using purified myosin motor domains, reconstituted actomyosin complexes and rat heart ventricular trabeculae, we demonstrate direct binding of rumenic acid, the cis‐delta‐9‐trans‐delta‐11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, to an allosteric site located in motor domain of mammalian cardiac myosin‐2 isoforms. In the case of porcine β‐cardiac myosin, the EC50 for rumenic acid varies from 10.5 μM in the absence of actin to 200 nM in the presence of saturating concentrations of actin. Saturating concentrations of rumenic acid increase the maximum turnover of basal and actin‐activated ATPase activity of β‐cardiac myosin approximately 2‐fold but decrease the force output per motor by 23% during isometric contraction. The increase in ATP turnover is linked to an acceleration of the release of the hydrolysis product orthophosphate. In the presence of 5 μM rumenic acid, the difference in the rate of ATP turnover by the super‐relaxed and disordered relaxed states of cardiac myosin increases from 4‐fold to 20‐fold. The equilibrium between the two functional myosin states is not affected by rumenic acid. Calcium responsiveness is increased under zero‐load conditions but unchanged under load. Molecular docking studies provide information about the rumenic acid binding site, the mode of binding, and associated allosteric communication pathways. They show how the isoform‐specific replacement of residues in the binding cleft induces a different mode of rumenic acid binding in the case of non‐muscle myosin‐2C and blocks binding to skeletal muscle and smooth muscle myosin‐2 isoforms.
Mamae Nui me te Takiwātanga: Surplus suffering and autism spectrum disorder in school social work practice
Authors: Oades Liam M. 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: This research investigates social work interventions available for Social Workers based in primary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand, to address surplus suffering related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this research is to explore possible interventions by reviewing literature, and investigating the practice of professionals, in order to discern the best possible practice. The research questions that will be investigated are: 1) How do social workers in primary schools address the surplus suffering of students?; and 2) What interventions are employed when working with children on the spectrum? There is limited relevant literature; however, the published material suggests that most social workers in schools who work with children on the spectrum employ social-ecological perspectives.METHOD: Qualitative methodologies have been employed, focusing on semi-structured interviews that were designed to answer the pre-set questions while also taking note of other concepts and ideas raised by the interviewees. This study has employed social-ecological theory, as well as social theories of disability.FINDINGS: This research has found that, while social workers employ social-ecological interventions readily, they are reluctant to engage in potentially beneficial therapeutic techniques.IMPLICATIONS: The implications suggested by this research are the need for diversification in social work training, and the need for further research to discern the best school social work practice.
Living labs for patient engagement and knowledge exchange: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study to develop a living lab in paediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Archibald Mandy M , Wittmeier Kristy , Gale Matthew , Ricci Florencia , Russell Kelly , Woodgate Roberta L 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionDespite recognition of the importance of patient engagement in research and knowledge translation, systematic approaches to engagement and co-ideation remain limited. Living labs are collaborative knowledge sharing systems that use multimethod, user-centred approaches that hold potential to catalyse these aims. However, their use in healthcare is limited, and no living lab has been developed in paediatric rehabilitation. In response to this gap and to propel innovative knowledge exchange, we propose a mixed methods study to co-develop a living lab prototype (ie, preliminary infrastructure with opportunity for scale up) in paediatric rehabilitation, with relevance to other healthcare contexts.MethodsAn exploratory sequential mixed methods study will be undertaken to determine research and knowledge exchange priorities and to inform the development of the living lab prototype. Stage 1: we will use a multipronged approach to sample 18–21 youth with developmental differences or rehabilitation needs, their youth siblings and parents/guardians from a provincial paediatric rehabilitation centre, to participate in qualitative and arts-based data collection. Data will provide insight into desirable features of the living lab. Stage 2: E-surveys to youth, siblings, parents/guardians and clinicians who receive or provide services at this same centre will expand on priorities and living lab features. Stage 3: integrated analysis will inform the living lab prototype development.AnalysisInductive thematic analysis using interpretive description, integrated analysis of visual data and descriptive and content analysis of e-survey data will be undertaken. Joint displays will facilitate data integration. Priorities will be identified using a modified rank-order method for each key living lab domain.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional ethics and site approval have been granted. A parent advisory group and rehabilitation engineering partners will confer on data and inform the development of the living lab prototype. User engagement with the prototype will occur during an online or in-person event, and findings shared through non-technical research summaries, journal articles and academic presentations.
Predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of prognostic models
Authors: Gade Gustav Valentin , Jørgensen Martin Grønbech , Ryg Jesper , Riis Johannes , Thomsen Katja , Masud Tahir , Andersen Stig 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo systematically review and critically appraise prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies with any follow-up period. Studies had to develop or validate multifactorial prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults (60+ years). Models had to be applicable for screening in a general population setting.Information sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science for studies published in English, Danish, Norwegian or Swedish until January 2020. Sources also included trial registries, clinical guidelines, reference lists of included papers, along with contacting clinical experts to locate published studies.Data extraction and risk of biasTwo authors performed all review stages independently. Data extraction followed the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist. Risk of bias assessments on participants, predictors, outcomes and analysis methods followed Prediction study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool.ResultsAfter screening 11 789 studies, 30 were eligible for inclusion (n=86 369 participants). Median age of participants ranged from 67.5 to 83.0 years. Falls incidences varied from 5.9% to 59%. Included studies reported 69 developed and three validated prediction models. Most frequent falls predictors were prior falls, age, sex, measures of gait, balance and strength, along with vision and disability. The area under the curve was available for 40 (55.6%) models, ranging from 0.49 to 0.87. Validated models’ The area under the curve ranged from 0.62 to 0.69. All models had a high risk of bias, mostly due to limitations in statistical methods, outcome assessments and restrictive eligibility criteria.ConclusionsAn abundance of prognostic models on falls risk have been developed, but with a wide range in discriminatory performance. All models exhibited a high risk of bias rendering them unreliable for prediction in clinical practice. Future prognostic prediction models should comply with recent recommendations such as Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124021.
Toppling the HAT to Treat Lethal Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rasool Reyaz ur , Natesan Ramakrishnan , Asangani Irfan A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Welti and colleagues demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression of the histone acetyltransferase paralogs CBP and p300 with increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling and androgen deprivation therapy resistance in advanced prostate cancer. CCS1477, a selective inhibitor of p300/CBP bromodomain, disrupts AR- and MYC-regulated gene expression, suppresses tumor growth in vivo in multiple castration-resistant prostate cancer xenograft models, and modulates biomarker expression in early clinical evaluation, providing a novel therapeutic approach for AR-addicted advanced prostate cancer.
See related article by Welti et al., p. 1118.
“Pouco mais do que uma viagem de turismo”
Authors: Felgueiras Carmen 
Published: May 2021

Este ensaio sobre o significado das viagens de juventude para a formação da persona intelectual de Celso Furtado se utiliza da escrita autobiográfica para sugerir que tanto é possível constatar um movimento contínuo de alargamento dos círculos de sociabilidade para o qual as viagens contribuem, assim como perceber que essa escrita cumpre uma função que nos permite pensar naquele alargamento na chave dos riscos que esse self enfrenta no contato com o mundo e que a viagem como metáfora sumariza.
Celso Furtado, intérprete do Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Alexandre 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo procura discutir a originalidade da interpretação do Brasil contida em Formação econômica do Brasil, obra clássica de Celso Furtado. Para tanto, são recuperadas as matrizes formadoras do seu pensamento no sentido de mostrar como são operacionalizadas por meio do seu método histórico-estrutural. O plano da obra, o método e o estilo permitem entrosar passado, presente e futuro de modo inovador, trazendo novas possibilidades de compreensão e transformação do Brasil. Finalmente, o artigo estabelece um diálogo com as interpretações predecessoras de Gilberto Freyre, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e Caio Prado Jr.
The Poetics of Nahḍah Multilingualism: Recovering the Lost Russian Poetry of Mikhail Naimy
Authors: Swanson Maria , Gould Rebecca Ruth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Drawing on archival research, this article introduces several Russian poems by the Arabic mahjar poet and writer Mikhail Naimy (Mīkhāʿīl Nu’aymah) (1889-1988) for the first time to scholarship. By examining the influence of Russian literature on Naimy’s literary output, we shed light on the role of multilingualism in generating literary identities and in shaping literary form. Naimy’s Russian poetry, we argue, furthers our understanding of the nahḍah as a multilingual movement that synthesized influences from many different languages. We also show how this multilingual orientation served as a bridge between the nahḍah and mahjar literature, by helping Arab writers craft a poetics of Arabic modernism in the diaspora. Alongside documenting an important archival discovery, this research contributes to our understanding of the temporality of Arabic modernism while illuminating its geographically and linguistically diverse substance.
Great Grievance: Benjamin Franklin and Anti-Convict Sentiment
Authors: Jeppesen Jennie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Perhaps the best known argument that the early American colonies despised convict labour was the Rattlesnake newspaper article penned by Benjamin Franklin. And yet, was there actually a wide-spread anti-convict sentiment? Or was Franklin a lone voice railing against perceived British insults? Framed around the claims made by Franklin, this article is an investigation of primary evidence from the colonies of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, in an attempt to better contextualize Franklins writing against colonial law and other colonial writers and correct the prevailing historical narrative that there was an anti-convict movement.
Legal Considerations on the cjeu Judgement of 9 July 2020, C-272/19
Authors: Posnik Rosi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a preliminary ruling procedure initiated by the Administrative Court of Wiesbaden (Germany), the cjeu ruled that the processing of personal data carried out by the Petitions Committee of the Parliament of Land Hessen is subject to the gdpr in so far as the Committee determines, alone or with others, the purposes and means of the processing, and thus it must be categorised as a ‘controller’, within the meaning of the gdpr. This article takes a critical look at the legal arguments of the cjeu.
Digitalisation of Work in Estonian Parliament Riigikogu
Authors: Saks Ahto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As of autumn 2020, the Riigikogu is using a new verbatim records system. The system is called Hans and is based on speech recognition technology. The system records the proceedings in the Plenary Hall as sound files, and speech recognition writes them down. The new system embodies a complete workflow of information processing, starting with sound recording in the Plenary Hall and ending with its publication in text format on the home page of the Riigikogu. Another digital innovation is the possibility to hold the plenary sittings so that the members of the Riigikogu do not have to be physically present in the room where the sitting takes place, and they can participate with the help of electronic means.
On the Juridification of Parliamentary Practice and Procedures
Authors: Konrath Christoph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The maintenance and reform of parliamentary law increasingly focus on legal norms and the language of the courts. They are shaped by constitutional discourse and court rulings. As in other parts of public and administrative law we encounter an ever more technical and detailed approach in parliamentary law. In this way, we may counter tendencies to weaken democracy and the rule of law, integrate parliamentary procedures into administrative law and organisation and thus neutralize or disguise the political dimension of parliamentarism; or, on the other hand, alienate parliamentary procedures and proceedings from the public and from politicians who are no longer able to understand and communicate about them.
The adaptation of the Leeds Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screen: Lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mills Claire S , Michou Emilia , Hanratty Andrea , Gibson Abby , Bellamy Mark C 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Post-extubation dysphagia (PED) can have serious consequences for critically unwell patients. COVID-19 has resulted in an increasing need for a PED screen in order to effectively identify patients and mitigate risk, whilst balancing under-resourced services. Online training provides the advantage of reducing time pressures on staff and supporting social distancing. This project aimed to adapt the Leeds Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screen (L-PEDS) and the associated training package to be more suitable and effective for use during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The screen was modified to a digital format with additional guidance for users. The training package was shortened and converted to an online package while keeping the interactive mode of training. Results Preliminary results of 14 staff members indicate that the median confidence levels for screening patients for PED improved from 5 to 8 (on a scale of 0 to 10) after completing the L-PEDS-COVID training package. Likewise, knowledge of PED improved from a median of 4 to 8 (on a scale of 0 to 10). Training quality was rated at a median of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 being very poor; 10 being very good). Conclusions Preliminary evidence demonstrated increased knowledge of PED and confidence in screening. The development of an adapted version of the L-PEDS and online training package may allow easier implementation of post-extubation dysphagia screening. This could help to compensate for insufficient speech and language therapy critical care staffing, assist in identifying patients at risk and improve outcomes by enabling earlier and safe resumption of oral intake.
Glycemic and lipid variability for predicting complications and mortality in diabetes mellitus using machine learning
Authors: Lee Sharen , Zhou Jiandong , Wong Wing Tak , Liu Tong , Wu William K. K. , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Recent studies have reported that HbA1c and lipid variability is useful for risk stratification in diabetes mellitus. The present study evaluated the predictive value of the baseline, subsequent mean of at least three measurements and variability of HbA1c and lipids for adverse outcomes.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study consists of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who were prescribed insulin at outpatient clinics of Hong Kong public hospitals, from 1st January to 31st December 2009. Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation were used to measure the variability of HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were diabetes-related complications.

Result
The study consists of 25,186 patients (mean age = 63.0, interquartile range [IQR] of age = 15.1 years, male = 50%). HbA1c and lipid value and variability were significant predictors of all-cause mortality. Higher HbA1c and lipid variability measures were associated with increased risks of neurological, ophthalmological and renal complications, as well as incident dementia, osteoporosis, peripheral vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure (p <  0.05). Significant association was found between hypoglycemic frequency (p <  0.0001), HbA1c (p <  0.0001) and lipid variability against baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Conclusion
Raised variability in HbA1c and lipid parameters are associated with an elevated risk in both diabetic complications and all-cause mortality. The association between hypoglycemic frequency, baseline NLR, and both HbA1c and lipid variability implicate a role for inflammation in mediating adverse outcomes in diabetes, but this should be explored further in future studies.