bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of two Saccharopolyspora spinosa strains reveals the relationships between primary metabolism and spinosad production
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Liu Xiaomeng , Yin Tie , Li Qi , Zou Qiulong , Huang Kexue , Guo Dongsheng , Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSaccharopolyspora spinosa is a well-known actinomycete for producing the secondary metabolites, spinosad, which is a potent insecticides possessing both efficiency and safety. In the previous researches, great efforts, including physical mutagenesis, fermentation optimization, genetic manipulation and other methods, have been employed to increase the yield of spinosad to hundreds of folds from the low-yield strain. However, the metabolic network in S. spinosa still remained un-revealed. In this study, two S. spinosa strains with different spinosad production capability were fermented and sampled at three fermentation periods. Then the total RNA of these samples was isolated and sequenced to construct the transcriptome libraries. Through transcriptomic analysis, large numbers of differentially expressed genes were identified and classified according to their different functions. According to the results, spnI and spnP were suggested as the bottleneck during spinosad biosynthesis. Primary metabolic pathways such as carbon metabolic pathways exhibited close relationship with spinosad formation, as pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvic acid were suggested to accumulate in spinosad high-yield strain during fermentation. The addition of soybean oil in the fermentation medium activated the lipid metabolism pathway, enhancing spinosad production. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were suggested to be the most important amino acids and might participate in spinosad biosynthesis.
Prevalence of cancer susceptibility variants in patients with multiple Lynch syndrome related cancers
Authors: Choi Yoon Young , Shin Su-Jin , Lee Jae Eun , Madlensky Lisa , Lee Seung-Tae , Park Ji Soo , Jo Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyunki , Nachmanson Daniela , Xu Xiaojun , Noh Sung Hoon , Cheong Jae-Ho , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlong with early-onset cancers, multiple primary cancers (MPCs) are likely resulting from increased genetic susceptibility; however, the associated predisposition genes or prevalence of the pathogenic variants genes in MPC patients are often unknown. We screened 71 patients with MPC of the stomach, colorectal, and endometrium, sequencing 65 cancer predisposition genes. A subset of 19 patients with early-onset MPC of stomach and colorectum were further evaluated for variants in cancer related genes using both normal and tumor whole exome sequencing. Among 71 patients with MPCs, variants classified to be pathogenic were observed in 15 (21.1%) patients and affected Lynch Syndrome (LS) genes: MLH1 (n = 10), MSH6 (n = 2), PMS2 (n = 2), and MSH2 (n = 1). All carriers had tumors with high microsatellite instability and 13 of them (86.7%) were early-onset, consistent with LS. In 19 patients with early-onset MPCs, loss of function (LoF) variants in RECQL5 were more prevalent in non-LS MPC than in matched sporadic cancer patients (OR = 31.6, 2.73–1700.6, p = 0.001). Additionally, there were high-confidence LoF variants at FANCG and CASP8 in two patients accompanied by somatic loss of heterozygosity in tumor, respectively. The results suggest that genetic screening should be considered for synchronous cancers and metachronous MPCs of the LS tumor spectrum, particularly in early-onset. Susceptibility variants in non-LS genes for MPC patients may exist, but evidence for their role is more elusive than for LS patients.
Temporal trajectory of biofluid markers in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Baek Min Seok , Lee Myung Jun , Kim Han-Kyeol , Lyoo Chul Hyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFull dynamics of biofluid biomarkers have been unknown in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using data from 396 PD patients and 182 controls in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, we estimated long-term temporal trajectories of CSF α-synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) by integrating function between the baseline levels and annual changes. At baseline, PD patients showed lower CSF α-syn, Aβ, t-tau and p-tau levels than those of the controls. In all PD patients, CSF α-syn and Aβ decreased in a negative exponential pattern before the onset of motor symptoms, whereas CSF t-tau and p-tau, and serum NfL increased. Patients with cognitive impairment exhibited faster decline of Aβ and α-syn and faster rise of t-tau, p-tau and NfL, when compared to those without. Similarly, low Aβ group showed earlier decline of α-syn, faster rise of t-tau, p-tau and NfL, and faster decline of cognitive performances, when compared to high Aβ group. Our results suggest that longitudinal changes in biomarkers can be influenced by cognitive impairment and Aβ burden at baseline. PD patients with Aβ pathology may be associated with early appearance of α-synuclein pathology, rapid progression of axonal degeneration and neurodegeneration, and consequently greater cognitive decline.
Population size estimation of seasonal forest-going populations in southern Lao PDR
Authors: Rerolle Francois , Jacobson Jerry O. , Wesson Paul , Dantzer Emily , Lover Andrew A. , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Smith Jennifer , Marshall John M. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Bennett Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForest-going populations are key to malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) and are therefore targeted for elimination efforts. Estimating the size of this population is essential for programs to assess, track and achieve their elimination goals. Leveraging data from three cross-sectional household surveys and one survey among forest-goers, the size of this high-risk population in a southern province of Lao PDR between December 2017 and November 2018 was estimated by two methods: population-based household surveys and capture–recapture. During the first month of the dry season, the first month of the rainy season, and the last month of the rainy season, respectively, 16.2% [14.7; 17.7], 9.3% [7.2; 11.3], and 5.3% [4.4; 6.1] of the adult population were estimated to have engaged in forest-going activities. The capture–recapture method estimated a total population size of 18,426 [16,529; 20,669] forest-goers, meaning 61.0% [54.2; 67.9] of the adult population had engaged in forest-going activities over the 12-month study period. This study demonstrates two methods for population size estimation to inform malaria research and programming. The seasonality and turnover within this forest-going population provide unique opportunities and challenges for control programs across the GMS as they work towards malaria elimination.
UVES analysis of red giants in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6522
Authors: Barbuy B. , Cantelli E. , Muniz L. , Souza S. O. , Chiappini C. , Hirschi R. , Cescutti G. , Pignatari M. , Ortolani S. , Kerber L. , Maia F. F. S. , Bica E. , Depagne E. 
Published: July 2021

Context. NGC 6522 is a moderately metal-poor bulge globular cluster ([Fe/H] ~ −1.0), and it is a well-studied representative among a number of moderately metal-poor blue horizontal branch clusters located in the bulge. The NGC 6522 abundance pattern can give hints on the earliest chemical enrichment in the central Galaxy.
Aims. The aim of this study is to derive abundances of the light elements C and N; alpha elements O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti; odd-Z elements Na and Al; neutron-capture elements Y, Zr, Ba, La, and Nd; and the r-process element Eu. We verify if there are first- and second-generation stars: we find clear evidence of Na–Al, Na–N, and Mg–Al correlations, while we cannot identify the Na–O anti-correlation from our data.
Methods. High-resolution spectra of six red giants in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6522 were obtained at the 8m VLT UT2-Kueyen telescope with both the UVES and GIRAFFE spectrographs in FLAMES+UVES configuration. In light of Gaia data, it turned out that two of them are non-members, but these were also analysed. Spectroscopic parameters were derived through the excitation and ionisation equilibrium of Fe I and Fe II lines from UVES spectra. The abundances were obtained with spectrum synthesis. Comparisons of abundances derived from UVES and GIRAFFE spectra were carried out.
Results. The present analysis combined with previous UVES results gives a mean radial velocity of vrhel = −15.62±7.7 km s−1 and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.05 ± 0.20 for NGC 6522. Mean abundances of alpha elements for the present four member stars are enhanced with [O/Fe] = +0.38, [Mg/Fe] = ≈+0.28, [Si/Fe] ≈ +0.19, and [Ca/Fe] ≈ +0.13, together with the iron-peak element [Ti/Fe] ≈ +0.13, and the r-process element [Eu/Fe] = +0.40. The neutron-capture elements Y, Zr, Ba, and La show enhancements in the +0.08 < [Y/Fe] < +0.90, 0.11 < [Zr/Fe] < +0.50, 0.00 < [Ba/Fe] < +0.63, 0.00 < [La/Fe] < +0.45, and −0.10 < [Nd/Fe] < +0.70 ranges. We also discuss the spread in heavy-element abundances.
Morphological Characteristics, Classifications and Difficulties in the Use of Diagnostic Criteria for Serrated Lesions of the Large Intestine
Authors: Bastos Junior Cesar de Souza , Pannain Vera Lucia Nunes , Caroli-Bottino Adriana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal neoplasm in the world, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths. This condition is related to different molecular pathways, among them the recently described serrated pathway, whose characteristic entities, serrated lesions, have undergone important changes in their names and diagnostic criteria in the past thirty years. The multiplicity of denominations and criteria over the last years may be responsible for the low interobserver concordance (IOC) described in the literature.
Objectives The present study aims to describe the evolution in classification of serrated lesions, based on the last three publications of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the reproducibility of these criteria by pathologists, based on the evaluation of the IOC.
Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, ResearchGate and Portal Capes databases, with the following terms: sessile serrated lesion; serrated lesions; serrated adenoma; interobserver concordance; and reproducibility. Articles published since 1990 were researched.
Results and Discussion The classification of serrated lesions in the past thirty years showed different denominations and diagnostic criteria. The reproducibility and IOC of these criteria in the literature, based on the kappa coefficient, varied in most studies, from very poor to moderate.
Conclusions Interobserver concordance and the reproducibility of microscopic criteria may represent a limitation for the diagnosis and appropriate management of these lesions. It is necessary to investigate diagnostic tools to improve the performance of the pathologist's evaluation, for better concordance, and, consequently, adequate diagnosis and treatment.
The Use of Seton as a Bridge to Definitive Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract Procedure for Fistula-in-ano: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Placer-Galán Carlos , Enriquez-Navascués Jose Mª , Pastor-Bonel Tania , Aguirre-Allende Ignacio , Saralegui-Ansorena Yolanda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background There is still controversy over the usefulness of seton placement prior to the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) surgery in the management of anal fistula.
Objective To evaluate the impact of preoperative seton placement on the outcomes of LIFT surgery for the management of fistula-in-ano.
Design systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data Sources A search was performed on the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases.
Study Selection Original studies without language restriction reporting the primary healing rates with and without seton placement as a bridge to definitive LIFT surgery were included.
Intervention The intervention assessed was the LIFT with and without prior seton placement.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome was defined as the primary healing rate with and without the use of seton as a bridge to definitive LIFT surgery.
Results Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review, all retrospective, with a pooled study population of 772 patients. There were no significant differences in the percentages of recurrence between patients with and without seton placement (odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–1.43: p = 0.35). The I2 value was 9%, which shows the homogeneity of the results among the analyzed studies. The 10 included studies demonstrated a weighted average overall recurrence of 38% (interquartile range [IQR] 27–42.7%), recurrence with the use of seton was 40% (IQR 26.6–51.2%), and without its use, the recurrence rate was 51.3% (IQR 31.3–51.3%)
Limitations The levels of evidence found in the available literature were relatively fair, as indicated after qualitative evaluation using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) evidence levels.
Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that the placement of seton as a bridge treatment prior to LIFT surgery does not significantly improve long-term anal fistula healing outcomes. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract surgery can be performed safely and effectively with no previous seton placement.International prospective register of systematic reviews—PROSPERO registration number: CDR42020149173.
Traumatic Rupture and Herniation of the Peroneus Tertius Muscle Leading to Compartment Syndrome and Entrapment of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Repo Jussi , Ovaska Mikko , Suominen Eetu N. , Sandelin Henrik , Puhakka Jani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a patient with compartment syndrome and entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve due to a direct hit to the lateral part of the right lower extremity. The diagnosis of evolving compartment syndrome was made without delay and the patient was quickly taken to the operating theater. Intraoperatively, the entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve caused by rupture and herniation of the peroneus tertius muscle was surprisingly observed at the site, where the nerve pierces the anterior compartment. The nerve was successfully released in conjunction with fasciotomies of the anterior and lateral compartments. Meticulous diagnosis of compartment syndrome is critical to prevent ischemic injury to muscles and nerves. Recognition of anatomy and anatomical variations is important to prevent iatrogenic injury in unusual circumstances.
Validation of the New International League Against Epilepsy 2017 Classification for Determining Seizure Type in Indian Patients
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Sagari Navya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is a common condition in neurology comprising several electroclinical syndromes and seizure disorders of varying known and unknown etiologies that require variable diagnostic workup, treatment, and have obviously different prognoses. Therefore, for appropriate patient management, the best possible classification system for epilepsy is required. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) is continuously working on this with the latest classification provided in 2017. There is little knowledge about seizure type based on newer classification systems in Indian patients.
Aims and Objective To test the applicability of the newer ILAE 2017 classification of epilepsy in determining seizure type in Indian patients, with respect to right patient management, the best classification system for epilepsy is necessary.
Materials and Methods Prospective data of 310 consecutive patients with seizures presenting in neurology department was collected from December 2017 to June 2018 and analyzed according to the newer systems of classification of seizures proposed by ILAE in 2017.
Results All 310 patients in age ranging from one year to 72 years with seizures could be classified according to the ILAE 2017 classification system. Focal onset seizure was noted in 66 patients (21.3%), while 244 patients (78.7%) had generalized onset based on clinical onset of seizure. Awareness was impaired in 262 (84.5%) patients. Motor onset seizure was observed in 278 patients (89.6%), while nonmotor seizure included absence, sensory, cognitive, and autonomic seizures.
Conclusion The present study showed that all patients could be classified using ILAE 2017 classification system. Majority of seizure were generalized onset, predominantly motor type of seizure with impaired awareness using clinical description of classifying seizure, while focal onset seizure was the majority type of seizure when ancillary information was considered.
Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Angiography for Assessing Flap Perfusion in Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shaikh Noah , O'Brien Daniel , Makary Chadi , Turner Meghan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to study the current use of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography during skull base reconstruction and understand its efficacy in predicting postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement and flap.
Study Design The Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from the date of inception until August 2020 for studies of ICG flap perfusion assessment during skull base reconstruction. The primary outcome of interest was the development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after skull base reconstruction. Secondary outcomes of interest included postoperative meningitis, flap MRI enhancement, flap necrosis, flap perfusion measurements, and total complications.
Results Search results yielded 189 studies, from which seven studies with a total of 104 patients were included in the final analysis. There were 44 nasoseptal flaps (NSF), two lateral nasal wall flaps (LNWF), 14 pericranial flaps (PCF), and 44 microvascular free flaps. The rates of CSF leak and postoperative MRI enhancement were 11 and 94%, respectively. There was one case of postoperative meningitis. Pooled analysis of the available data showed that intraoperative ICG flap perfusion was associated with flap enhancement on postoperative MRI (p = 0.008) and CSF leak (p = 0.315) by Fisher's exact test.
Conclusion The available literature suggests intraoperative ICG enhancement is associated with postoperative MRI enhancement. Given the small sample sizes in the literature and the rarity of complications associated with skull base reconstruction, intraoperative ICG enhancement has not been predictive of flap necrosis or postoperative complications such as CSF leak or meningitis.
Level of Evidence This study presents level 3 evidence as a systematic review of case studies, case reports, and retrospective and prospective trials with no blinding, controls, and inconsistently applied reference standards.
2.1.1 General Principles of Metal/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis
Authors: Shao Z. , Deng Y.-H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal/organocatalyst dual catalysis is a privileged catalytic strategy which involves both a metal-based catalyst and an organocatalyst to catalyze the organic transformation. Based on the type of activation of substrates with both catalysts, there are seven kinds of dual catalysis; namely cooperative catalysis, cascade catalysis, sequential catalysis, double activation catalysis, restorative catalysis, bifunctional catalysis, and multiple relay catalysis. The generic activation of the metal-based catalyst and the organocatalyst applied in the dual-catalytic system is summarized. In these dual-catalytic approaches, the advantages of both metal catalysis and organocatalysis are converged to achieve many transformations that were previously inaccessible or challenging by any single-catalyst paradigm, to develop new reactions, to discover unique reaction mechanisms, and even to allow for stereodivergent synthesis.
Synthesis of SnO2-nanoparticle-decorated SnSe nanosheets and their gas-sensing properties
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Li Nan , Zhao Haixin , Liu Xin , Li Xiaotian 
Published: July 2021

Selectivity is still a major problem in gas sensors. In this study, we fabricated a novel sensor material, tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticle decorated tin selenide (SnSe) nanosheets (SnO2/SnSe), via a simple solvothermal method. SnO2 nanoparticles of size ∼10 nm were anchored on the surface of SnSe nanosheets. The gas-sensing performances of SnO2/SnSe composites calcined at different temperatures were compared. Methylbenzene-sensing performance analysis performed at different temperatures and concentrations showed that SnO2/SnSe composites exhibited preferable sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and a good response rate. The improved sensing properties, especially the selectivity, are attributed to the appropriate heterojunction of SnO2 nanoparticle decorated SnSe nanosheets.
Alcohol, Cannabis, and Tobacco Polysubstance Use: A Latent Profile Analysis of Age of Onset
Authors: Stamates Amy L. , Roberts Rhiannon , Lau-Barraco Cathy 
Published: July 2021

Background Despite understanding the long-term risks associated with early substance use, less is known about the specific patterns of the age of onset (AO) across multiple substances and whether these patterns of early exposure are linked to substance use later in young adulthood. Consequently, the present study sought to (1) identify distinct classes regarding AO for alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco and (2) compare these classes on patterns of individual and simultaneous alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use, other substance use, and mental health symptoms. Methods Participants were 510 emerging adults ( Mage = 21.35; 88.6% men) who reported past-year use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. Results Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes based on three indicators: AO for alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. Results revealed that four classes best fit the data: Earliest AO for Alcohol (19.8%); Latest AO for Substances (6.5%); Late AO for Substances (67.8%); Earliest AO for Cannabis and Tobacco (5.9%). Classes varied on current patterns of individual substance use, co-use of substances, other illicit drug use, and mental health symptomology. The Latest AO of Substances class reported the lowest alcohol use, cannabis use, other illicit drug use, and mental health symptomology than the other classes. The Earliest AO for Alcohol and the Late AO of Substances reported a lower frequency of tobacco compared to the other classes. The Late AO of Substance class reported the highest past-year frequency of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use. Conclusions The current study contributed to the larger polysubstance literature by identifying profiles that may signify risky patterns of use. Findings may help guide prevention and intervention work with adolescents and young adults.