bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and mode of emplacement of a Neoarchean tonalite–trondhjemite–diorite suite: the Eau Jaune Complex, Abitibi greenstone belt
Authors: Kieffer Marie A. , Mathieu Lucie , Bedeaux Pierre , Gaboury Damien , Hamilton Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

Magmatism during the maturation phase of Archean greenstone belts produced voluminous tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suites, as well as a lesser amount of tonalite–trondhjemite–diorite (TTD) suites. Such TTD suites have recently been recognized in the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt, on the southern flank of the Superior Craton, Canada, but their source(s), differentiation processes, and depths of emplacement remain poorly constrained. The Neoarchean Eau Jaune Complex lies in the northeastern corner of the Abitibi greenstone belt and represents one of the most voluminous tonalite-dominated and diorite-bearing intrusive suites of the Chibougamau region. This TTD suite comprises six intrusive phases with distinct petrology and chemistry. All units were emplaced as laccolith-like intrusions injected along discontinuities within the volcanic succession at ca. 2724 Ma (U–Pb zircon dating), during the synvolcanic interval (i.e., construction and maturation phase), at a depth of approximately 7–8 km. The most heavy rare-earth element (HREE)-depleted phases (granodiorite, tonalite, and trondhjemite) correspond to magmas that fractionated amphibole and were likely produced by partial melting of a garnet- and titanate-bearing amphibolite, akin to TTG magmas. The least HREE-depleted phases are dioritic in composition and correspond to mantle-derived magmas that may have interacted with TTG melts. This indicates interaction between coeval mantle-derived and crustal melts during the maturation phase of the Abitibi greenstone belt. Models formulated to address the geodynamic evolution of greenstone belts must account for the coeval production of basalt-derived (TTG suites) and mantle-derived (tholeiitic magmatism) melts occasionally interacting to form TTD suites.
A biased MC for muon production for beam-dump experiments
Authors: Ghinescu Stefan , Döbrich Babette , Minucci Elisa , Spadaro Tommaso 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe search for feebly-interacting new-physics particles in the MeV-GeV mass range often involves high-intensity beams dumped into thick heavy targets. The challenge of evaluating the expected backgrounds for these searches from first principles is limited by the CPU time needed to generate the shower induced by the primary beam. We present a Monte Carlo biasing method allowing a three orders of magnitude increase in the efficiency for the simulation of the muon production in a 400 GeV/c proton beam-dump setup. At the same time, this biasing method is maintaining nearly every feature of a simulation from first principles.
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: where do we stand?
Authors: Reolid Matías , Mattioli Emanuela , Duarte Luís V. , Ruebsam Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The study of past climate changes is pivotal for understanding the complex biogeochemical interactions through time between the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, which are critical for predicting future global changes. The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, also known as the Jenkyns Event, was a hyperthermal episode that occurred during the early Toarcian (
c.
183 Ma; Early Jurassic) and resulted in numerous collateral effects including global warming, enhanced weathering, sea-level change, carbonate crisis, marine anoxia–dysoxia and biotic crisis. The IGCP-655 project of the IUGS–UNESCO has constituted an international network of researchers with different disciplinary skills who have collaborated and shared conceptual advances on uncovering drivers of the environmental changes and ecosystem responses. This volume,
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystem Response to the Jenkyns Event in the Early Toarcian (Jurassic)
, presents 16 works that investigate the early Toarcian environmental changes related to the global warming, sea-level rise, carbon cycle perturbation and second-order mass extinction through biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, palaeontology, ichnology, palaeoecology, sedimentology, integrated stratigraphy, inorganic, organic and isotopic geochemistry, and cyclostratigraphy.
mTORC1 Promotes ARID1A Degradation and Oncogenic Chromatin Remodeling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Zhou Yu-Feng , Cao Jian , Burley Stephen K. , Wang Hui-Yun , Zheng X.F. Steven 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes control accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional and coregulatory machineries. Chromatin remodeling plays important roles in normal physiology and diseases, particularly cancer. The ARID1A-containing SWI/SNF complex is commonly mutated and thought to be a key tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its regulation in response to oncogenic signals remains poorly understood. mTOR is a conserved central controller of cell growth and an oncogenic driver of HCC. Remarkably, cancer mutations in mTOR and SWI/SNF complex are mutually exclusive in human HCC tumors, suggesting that they share a common oncogenic function. Here, we report that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) interact with ARID1A and regulates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ARID1A protein. The mTORC1–ARID1A axis promoted oncogenic chromatin remodeling and YAP-dependent transcription, thereby enhancing liver cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor development in vivo. Conversely, excessive ARID1A expression counteracted AKT-driven liver tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, dysregulation of this axis conferred resistance to mTOR-targeted therapies. These findings demonstrate that the ARID1A–SWI/SNF complex is a regulatory target for oncogenic mTOR signaling, which is important for mTORC1-driven hepatocarcinogenesis, with implications for therapeutic interventions in HCC.

Significance:
mTOR promotes oncogenic chromatin remodeling by controlling ARID1A degradation, which is important for liver tumorigenesis and response to mTOR- and YAP-targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma.
See related commentary by Pease and Fernandez-Zapico, p. 5608
Translating the Science of Cancer Dormancy to the Clinic
Authors: Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paradigm of metastasis has been significantly remodeled by the incorporation of cancer dormancy as a mechanism to explain long-term remission intervals followed by relapse. There is overall consensus on the potential impact of better understanding dormancy. Key cancer-cell autonomous and microenvironmental mechanisms might explain this biology and, in turn, the timing of metastasis. However, the approach and feasibility to apply this biology to clinical trials has been controversial. The discussion here provides insight into how these controversies are being resolved by the development of active clinical trials, thus bringing to reality opportunities to target cancer dormancy.
In the Best Interest of the Child? Justifying Decisions on Adoption from Care in the Norwegian Supreme Court
Authors: Helland Hege Stein 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
By utilising theories of deliberation and rational argumentation, this article critically analyses the Norwegian Supreme Court’s best interest decisions in four judgments on adoption from care. How does the Supreme Court reason their decisions and are the decisions rational? The findings show that the decisions are reasoned similarly, and conclusions are guided by norms of biology, vulnerability and stability for the child. However, discretion is applied differently across decisions, and the reasoning and balancing of individual arguments vary. The critical evaluation displays weaknesses in all judgments: one important blind spot is the failure to include the child’s views in the decision-making process. The development in terms of delivering rational, well-reasoned and thorough judgments is nonetheless positive. Furthermore, the Supreme Court’s recognition and protection of the child’s de facto family situation correspond to observed developments in the European Court of Human Rights as well as in national state policy on adoption.
Educational psychology counsellors’ views about children’s participation in educational decision-making: A thematic analysis
Authors: Hesjedal Elisabeth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The attention to children’s participation has increased dramatically during the last decade. Compared to the literature in the educational field, the literature on children’s participation in the social and health fields seems to be developing rapidly. The aim of this article is to address the importance of educational psychology service (eps) counsellors regarding special educational needs (sen) students’ rights to participate in educational decision-making. This article presents an in-depth study of seven Norwegian eps counsellors’ views about children’s participation in educational decision-making. Procedures for a qualitative inductive thematic analysis were followed to reveal four key themes, namely: parents as key persons; children’s presence on teams as an intervention; the importance of children’s age for participation; and the gap between expert assessments and individual education plans (iep s). The results, which are discussed in relation to Lundy’s (2007) model of participation and other relevant literature, show that there should be more knowledge and interventions to ensure children’s participation in educational decision-making in both research and practice. The results also indicate that structures and procedures in special education need to be considered and further developed from a participation perspective.
Revisiting the Concept of Moderation in the Age of Populism: the akp case of Turkey
Authors: Musil Pelin Ayan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article presents the case of Turkey within the framework of this special issue entitled “On Islamist Parties and the Inclusion-Moderation Hypothesis”. I argue that rather than a distinction between the concepts of “tactical” and “ideological” moderation that the literature talks about, a distinction between the concepts of an “inclusionary-populist” and “moderate Islamist” party could provide a more useful insight over the role of Islamist and post-Islamist parties in democratization and de-democratization processes. Through a re-analysis of the secondary literature and a content analysis of 196 newspaper columns written by three pro-democracy intellectuals, I label the akp’s transition period from moderate-Islamism toward authoritarianism as its inclusionary populist phase. I show that in contexts marked by deep ideological divisions and unconsolidated democratic institutions, a shift in party identity from moderate-Islamism toward inclusionary populism can be taken as the early signal of an unfolding process of autocratization.
Meteorological Glossaries and Dictionaries: A Review of Their History and Current State
Authors: Müller Miloslav , Kocánová Barbora , Zacharov Petr 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The transformation of meteorology into a modern science raised needs for collections of scientific term definitions (glossaries) and of foreign language equivalents (dictionaries). The Meteorological Glossary (United Kingdom) and the Lexique météorologique (France) were the only meteorological glossaries issued separately until World War II. In 1959, a dozen of such works existed, half of which were due to individuals and the other half due to collective efforts, including the comprehensive Glossary of Meteorology (United States) and the provisional version of International Meteorological Vocabulary. Collective authorship has been shown to be more efficient and generally prevailed in recent decades. Regarding dictionaries, the language in which the terms are sorted tells a lot about the purpose of a dictionary. In the 1930s, the British, French, and German multilingual dictionaries were ordered alphabetically in their languages, which suggests that the dictionaries were intended mainly for foreign scholars. Since World War II, bilingual dictionaries have originated in many countries, with the terms usually being ordered in foreign languages, which is more useful for domestic scholars. Dictionaries continued to be compiled subsequently because the International Meteorological Vocabulary remained limited to English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Since 2000, some meteorological glossaries and dictionaries have obtained electronic versions because such versions enable them to be kept up-to-date and allow many practical functionalities, including full-text searches, links among terms, and the thematic filtering of terms. While the diversity of meteorological glossaries will probably remain in the future, a truly international meteorological dictionary could be created by connecting national databases.
Thermodynamic Characteristics of Downdrafts in Tropical Cyclones as Seen in Idealized Simulations of Different Intensities
Authors: Wadler Joshua B. , Nolan David S. , Zhang Jun A. , Shay Lynn K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic effect of downdrafts on the boundary layer and nearby updrafts are explored in idealized simulations of category-3 and category-5 tropical cyclones (Ideal3 and Ideal5). In Ideal5, downdrafts underneath the eyewall pose no negative thermodynamic influence because of eye-eyewall mixing below 2-km altitude. Additionally, a layer of higher θe between 1 and 2 km altitude associated with low-level outflow that extends 40 km outward from the eyewall region creates a “thermodynamic shield” that prevents negative effects from downdrafts. In Ideal3, parcel trajectories from downdrafts directly underneath the eyewall reveal that low-θe air initially moves radially inward allowing for some recovery in the eye, but still enters eyewall updrafts with a mean θe deficit of 5.2 K. Parcels originating in low-level downdrafts often stay below 400 m for over an hour and increase their θe by 10-14 K, showing that air-sea enthalpy fluxes cause sufficient energetic recovery. The most thermodynamically unfavorable downdrafts occur ~5 km radially outward from an updraft and transport low-θe mid-tropospheric air towards the inflow layer. Here, the low-θe air entrains into the updraft in less than five minutes with a mean θe deficit of 8.2 K. In general, θe recovery is a function of minimum parcel altitude such that downdrafts with the most negative influence are those entrained into the top of the inflow layer. With both simulated TCs exposed to environmental vertical wind shear, this study underscores that storm structure and individual downdraft characteristics must be considered when discussing paradigms for TC intensity evolution.
Evaluation of the Performance of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models in Simulating the Victoria Mode–El Niño Relationship
Authors: Wang Zhenchao , Han Lin , Zheng Jiayu , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Jianping , Hou Zhaolu , Chao Jinghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Victoria mode (VM) is the second dominant sea surface temperature mode in the North Pacific, forced by North Pacific Oscillation–like extratropical atmospheric variability. Observational studies have shown that the boreal spring VM is closely connected to the following winter El Niño, with the VM efficiently acting as a precursor signal to El Niño events. This study evaluates the relationship of the spring VM with subsequent winter El Niño in the preindustrial simulations of phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). We found that most CMIP5 and CMIP6 models can simulate the basic characteristics of the VM reasonably well. The current CMIP6 models simulate the VM–El Niño connections more realistically as compared to the earlier CMIP5 models. The analysis further suggests that the improved capability of the CMIP6 models to simulate the VM–El Niño relationship is because the CMIP6 models are better able to capture the VM-related surface air–sea thermodynamic coupling process over the subtropical/tropical Pacific and the seasonal evolution of VM-related anomalous subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific.
A Theory of the Spring Persistence Barrier on ENSO. Part III: The Role of Tropical Pacific Ocean Heat Content
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Liu Zhengyu , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the relationship between upper ocean heat content (OHC) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies mainly using the neutral recharge oscillator (NRO) model both analytically and numerically. Previous studies showed that spring OHC, which leads SST by 6–12 months, represents a major source of predictability for ENSO. It is suggested that this seasonality is caused by the seasonally varying growth rate in SST anomalies. Moreover, a shortened ENSO period will lead to a reduced SST predictability from OHC, with the most significant decrease occurring in the latter half of the calendar year. The cross-correlation relationship between OHC and ENSO SST anomalies is further identified in the damped and self-excited version of the recharge oscillator model. Finally, we suggest that the seasonal growth rate of ENSO anomalies is the cause of the seasonality in the effectiveness of OHC as a predictor in ENSO forecasting, particularly as it relates to the boreal spring persistence barrier and associated spring predictability barrier. We also explain the shorter lead time between spring OHC and ENSO SST anomalies after the turn of the twenty-first century in terms of the apparent higher frequency of the ENSO period.
Geographic Distribution of Otolaryngology Advance Practice Providers and Physicians
Authors: Liu Derek H. , Ge Marshall , Smith Stephanie Shintani , Park Christine , Ference Elisabeth H. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesAdvanced practice providers (APPs), namely physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), play an increasing role in meeting growing demands for otolaryngologic services, particularly in rural communities. This study analyzes the geographic distribution of otolaryngology providers, which is essential to addressing future demands.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingMedicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data for 2017.MethodsCurrent Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify APPs providing 10 common otolaryngologic services. Geographic distribution was evaluated by calculating densities of APPs and otolaryngologists per 100,000 persons in urban versus rural counties as defined by the National Center for Health Statistics Urban‐Rural Classification Scheme.ResultsWe identified cohorts of 8573 otolaryngologists, 1148 NPs, and 895 PAs. There were significantly higher population‐controlled densities of otolaryngologists and APPs in urban counties as compared with rural counties. The majority of otolaryngologists (92.1%) and APPs (83.3%) were in urban counties. However, the proportion of APPs (16.7%) in rural counties was significantly higher than the proportion of otolaryngologists (7.9%) in rural counties (P <. 01). A significant majority of rural counties (72.2%) had zero identified providers, and a greater proportion of rural counties (5.0%) were served exclusively by APPs as compared with urban counties (3.2%).ConclusionsAlthough otolaryngologists and APPs mostly practiced in urban counties, a relatively higher proportion of APPs practiced in rural counties when compared with otolaryngology physicians. The majority of rural counties did not have any otolaryngologic providers. Given the expected shortages of otolaryngology physicians, APPs may play a critical role in addressing these gaps in access.
Does the Type of Sport Influence Morphology of the Hip? A Systematic Review
Authors: Doran Chantelle , Pettit Matthew , Singh Yash , Sunil Kumar Karadi Hari , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: August 2021

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been extensively investigated and is strongly associated with athletic participation. Purpose: To assess (1) the prevalence of cam-type FAI across various sports; (2) whether kinematic variation among sports influences hip morphology; and (3) whether performance level, duration, and frequency of participation or other factors influence hip morphology in a sporting population. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic search of Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Prospective and retrospective case series, case reports, and review articles published after 1999 were screened, and those that met the inclusion criteria decided a priori were included for analysis. Results: The literature search identified 58 relevant articles involving 5683 participants. A total of 49 articles described a higher prevalence of FAI across various “hip-heavy” sports, including soccer, basketball, baseball, ice hockey, skiing, golf, and ballet. In studies including nonathlete controls, a greater prevalence of FAI was reported in 66.7% of studies (n = 8/12). The highest alpha angle was identified at the 1-o’clock position (n = 9/9) in football, skiing, golf, ice hockey, and basketball. The maximum alpha angle was located in a more lateral position in goalkeepers versus positional players in ice hockey (1 vs 1:45 o’clock). A positive correlation was also identified between the alpha angle and both age and activity level (n = 5/8 and n = 2/3, respectively) and between prevalence of FAI and both age and activity level (n = 2/2 and n = 4/5). Conclusion: Hip-heavy sports show an increased prevalence of FAI, with specific sporting activities influencing hip morphology. There is some evidence to suggest that a longer duration and higher level of training also result in an increased prevalence of FAI. Registration: CRD4202018001 (PROSPERO).
Proximity and High Density of Convenience Stores Was Associated With Obesity in Children of a Rural Community of Mexico: Using a Geographic Information System Approach
Authors: Zavala Gerardo Antonio , Tenorio-Palos Yessica , Campos-Ponce Maiza , Elton-Puente Juana Elizabeth , López-González Carlos Alberto , Doak Colleen M. , Rosado Jorge L. , García Olga P. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Food environment (FE) has been linked to obesity in urban areas, but there is limited information in rural areas, particularly in developing countries, where prevalence of obesity is high. Objective: To determine the association between FE and childhood obesity using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Methods: A total of 218 (8-10 years) children participated in a cross-sectional study. Weight, height, and body fat were measured. Geolocation of convenience stores (CS) and participants’ households was collected, and the amount of processed food (PF) in the stores was measured. The proximity to the nearest CS and the number of CS within a 250-m buffer from each participant’s household was calculated using GIS. Linear regression models between obesity measurements and FE were performed. Results: The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32%. A total of 91% of the children had access to a CS within 250 m. On average, 48% of the shelf-space of the CS were occupied with PF. A positive association between the density of CS with body fat % (β = .145; 95% CI, 0.048-0.241, P = .004), abdominal fat % (β = .206; 95% CI, 0.048-0.241, P = .003), and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score (BMIz; β = .028; 95% CI, 0.005-0.062, P = .005) was found. Living closer to CS was associated with increases in body fat % (β = −0.009; 95% CI, −0.017 to −0.001, P = 0.025), abdominal fat % (β = −0.012; 95% CI, −0.023 to −0.001, P = 0.033), and BMIz (β = −0.002, 95% CI, −0.004 to −0.001, P = 0.003). Conclusion: In a rural community in Mexico, a high density and low proximity to CS is associated with obesity in school-aged children.