bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the water barrier properties of alginate packaging films by submicron coating with drying linseed oil
Authors: Nehchiri Narges , Amiri Sedigheh , Radi Mohsen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlginates with excellent film‐forming ability have a promising potential as a safe and biodegradable food packaging material, but as a hydrophilic biopolymer, its general weakness against water has limited its applications. To surpass this weakness, in this study, coating of calcium alginate films with linseed or sunflower oils in micrometric (about 4.55 μm) and submicrometric (about 0.45 μm) thickness was performed, and the characteristics of the films were evaluated. All of the films were homogeneous, transparent and almost colourless. Micro‐coated films presented improved ultraviolet absorbing spectra. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images proved the formation of homogeneous and continuous submicron‐coated oil layers for both types of the oils, while some inhomogeneity and defects were observed in the micro‐coated films. Oxidative polymerization of linseed oil was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analyses. The mechanical strength of the films micro‐coated with linseed oil increased. Submicron coating improved water vapour barrier properties (from 2.20 to 2.92 g/mm/m2/day/kPa) as well as water vapour absorption of the alginate film compared to other films. This result was confirmed by thermogravimetric analyses. The increase in surface hydrophobicity of the films by coating resulted in a significant increase in contact angle (from 46.3° to 89.9° in maximum) and reduction of wettability. The film submicron coated with linseed oil showed the best performance with the least water vapour permeability, water vapour absorption and wettability.
Quality control using S2 or S charts for subgroups of varying sample sizes and their exact average run lengths
Authors: Maghsoodloo Saeed , Shirzaei Samira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article generalizes the historical chart (of equal sample sizes) to subgroups of differing sample sizes. As a sequel to a previous article, Section 2 compares all estimators of process standard deviation for more than 1 subgroups of equal sample sizes from a normal universe. Section 3 provides the general probability control limits (CONLs) for the chart of unequal sample sizes. Section 4 uses the chi‐square distribution to obtain the exact ‐level CONLs for the S chart. Section 5 proves that the average run length (ARL) of and charts are identical and tabulates the ARL for the most common sample sizes = 2, 3, , and 12. Further, as expected, the ARL of charts always perform better than those of the corresponding charts.
The extended homogeneously weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractControl charts are widely applied in many manufacturing processes to monitor the quality characteristic of interest. Recently, a homogeneously weighted moving average (HWMA) control chart was proposed as an improvement of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart for efficiently monitoring of small shifts in the process mean. In the present article, we extend the HWMA chart by imitating exactly the double EWMA (DEWMA) technique. The proposed scheme is regarded as double HWMA (DHWMA) control chart. The run‐length characteristics of the proposed chart are evaluated by performing Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison study versus the EWMA, DEWMA, HWMA, mixed EWMA cumulative sum (CUSUM), CUSUM, and GWMA charts indicates that the DHWMA chart is more effective in detecting small to moderate shifts, while it performs similarly with its competitors for large shifts. We also study the robustness of the proposed chart under several nonnormal distributions, and it is shown that the DHWMA chart is in‐control robust for small values of the smoothing parameters. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed chart.
The effects of constructed bivariate copulas on multivariate control charts effectiveness
Authors: Sukparungsee Saowanit , Sasiwannapong Sirasak , Busababodhin Piyapatr , Areepong Yupaporn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe average control chart monitors the shifts in the process. The familiar multivariate control charts are used to detect the mean vector of the process such as multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) and Hotelling's T2 control charts. In this paper, the effects of constructing bivariate copulas on multivariate control charts, that is, MCUSUM and Hotelling's T2 control charts are intensively investigated when observations are drawn from the exponential distribution. Moreover, the dependence levels of observations are classified to be weak, moderate, and strong in both positive and negative values by Kendall's tau. The numerical results were obtained by Monte Carlo simulation to explore the average run length (ARL). The simulation results show that the performance of Hotelling's T2 control chart is superior to the MCUSUM control chart for all shifts in the mean vector of process. Furthermore, from applying the presented control chart to two sets of real data, data set of the strength of 1.5 cm glass fibers measured at the National Physical Laboratory, England and data set of the strength of glass of the aircraft window, it was found that for a small shift (), the MCUSUM control chart is better than Hotelling's T2 control chart.
Adsorption of organic molecules on graphene and fluorographene: An unresolved discrepancy between experiment and theory
Authors: Iribarne Federico , Denis Pablo A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHerein, we studied the adsorption of 15 organic and three polar molecules onto pristine and fluorinated graphene. Two levels of fluorination were selected, CF fluorographene for which all carbon atoms are fluorinated and C4F fluorinated graphene, which maximizes the number of Clar sextets. Five different density functionals were employed: M06‐L, M06‐2X, PBE‐D2 and PBE‐D3BJ. In contrast with recent experimental investigations, we found that the adsorption energies for organic molecules onto perfect graphene are significantly lower than those determined for fluorographene. This situation is exacerbated when enthalpic and free energy corrections are included. However, a different scenario was found for polar molecules such as H2O, H2O2 and HF. Partial fluorination following a C4F pattern leads to significantly lower adsorption energies for these three molecules, and the superhydrophilicity of C4F is maintained after thermodynamic corrections are included. In fact, even the removal of a single fluorine atom results in a dramatic change in the adsorption energy of water on fluorographene. We discuss the performance of the density functionals assayed and the importance of using finite and infinite models. This work demonstrates that it is possible to adjust the adsorption energy of a given polar molecule onto graphene by controlling the fluorination level and in doing so, that partially fluorinated graphene models may open new avenues for the separation of molecules with different polarity.
Splitting dioxygen over distant binuclear transition metal cationic sites in zeolites. Effect of the transition metal cation
Authors: Dedecek Jiri , Tabor Edyta , Andrikopoulos Prokopis C. , Sklenak Stepan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSplitting dioxygen to yield highly active oxygen species attracts enormous attention due to its potential in direct oxidation reactions, mainly in transformation of methane into valuable products. Distant binuclear cationic Fe(II) centers in Fe‐ferrierite have recently been shown to be active in splitting dioxygen at room temperature to form very active oxygen species able to oxidize methane to methanol at room temperature as well. Computational models of the distant binuclear transition metal cationic sites (Co(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II)) stabilized in the ferrierite matrix were investigated by periodic density‐functional theory calculations including molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the M(II) cations capable of the M(II) → M(IV) redox cycle with the M…M distance of ca 7.4 Å stabilized in two adjacent β sites of ferrierite can split dioxygen. Our study opens the possibility of developing tunable zeolite‐based systems for the activation of dioxygen employed for direct oxidations.
Remotely piloted aircraft systems remote sensing can effectively retrieve ecosystem traits of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau at a landscape scale
Authors: Tang Ze , Zhang Yangjian , Cong Nan , Wang Li , Zhu Yixuan , Li Zhaolei , Zhao Guang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEcosystem trait is a standardized description of biological features of a community, and it bridges individual plants and ecosystem. Conventionally most ecosystem trait data are collected from field survey and the generated data is hard to meet the requirements as set in the concept of ecosystem trait. To a great extent, remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) remote sensing, which is capable of retrieving ecosystem traits across multiple scales, can overcome constraints in field plot survey. In this study, we selected alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is under‐studied due to scarcity of field monitoring data, as the research target. A new data framework was proposed by integrating field plot and RPAS remote sensing data to map spatial patterns of ecosystem traits for the alpine grasslands. Across four landscapes on the TP, ecosystem traits of vegetation coverage (CVC), species number (CSN), individual number (CIN), above ground biomass (AGB), organic carbon content (OC%) and total nitrogen content (TN%) were retrieved. We also calculated Shannon's Diversity Index and Shannon's Evenness Index for each plot. The results showed that RPAS‐based high spatial resolution RGB image is capable of predicting both physical and chemical ecosystem traits for alpine grasslands on the TP. Remote sensing on physical traits are overall more efficient than on chemical traits, with the highest R2 of 0.86 and 0.48 for physical trait and chemical one, respectively. The bands of Red and Green contributed more to the prediction model than band of Blue did, and the spectral mean value played a greater role than the spectral standard deviation. Based on the retrieved results, a set of spatial patterns on ecosystem traits can be revealed. This study represents an advance on ecosystem trait study and can significantly improve our understanding on ecosystem functions of the alpine ecosystem on the TP.
5G satellite networks for Internet of Things: Offloading and backhauling
Authors: Soret Beatriz , Leyva‐Mayorga Israel , Cioni Stefano , Popovski Petar 
Published: February 2021

SummaryOne of the main drivers of 5G cellular networks is provision of connectivity service for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the potential volume of IoT devices at a global scale, the next leap is to integrate Non‐Terrestrial Networks (NTN) into 5G terrestrial systems, thereby extending the coverage and complementing the terrestrial service. This paper focuses on the use of low‐Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations for two specific purposes: offloading and backhauling. The former allows offloading IoT traffic from a congested terrestrial network, usually in a very dense area. In the latter application, the constellation provides a multi‐hop backhaul that connects a remote terrestrial Next Generation NodeB (gNB) to the 5G core network. After providing an overview of the status of the 3GPP standardization process, we model and analyze the user data performance, specifically in the uplink access and the satellite multi‐hop constellation path. The evaluation of the collisions, the delay and Age of Information, and the comparison of the terrestrial and the satellite access networks provide useful insights to understand the potential of LEO constellations for offloading and backhauling of IoT traffic.
Enhanced differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells toward the midbrain dopaminergic neuron lineage through GLYPICAN-4 downregulation
Authors: Corti Serena , Bonjean Remi , Legier Thomas , Rattier Diane , Melon Christophe , Salin Pascal , Toso Erik A. , Kyba Michael , Kerkerian-Le Goff Lydia , Maina Flavio , Dono Rosanna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Enhancing the differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into disease-relevant cell types is instrumental for their widespread application in medicine. Here, we show that hiPSCs downregulated for the signaling modulator GLYPICAN-4 (GPC4) acquire a new biological state characterized by increased hiPSC differentiation capabilities toward ventral midbrain dopaminergic (VMDA) neuron progenitors. This biological trait emerges both in vitro, upon exposing cells to VMDA neuronal differentiation signals, and in vivo, even when transplanting hiPSCs at the extreme conditions of floor-plate stage in rat brains. Moreover, it is compatible with the overall neuronal maturation process toward acquisition of substantia nigra neuron identity. HiPSCs with downregulated GPC4 also retain self-renewal and pluripotency in stemness conditions, in vitro, while losing tumorigenesis in vivo as assessed by flank xenografts. In conclusion, our results highlight GPC4 downregulation as a powerful approach to enhance generation of VMDA neurons. Outcomes may contribute to establish hiPSC lines suitable for translational applications.
Neural crest-like stem cells for tissue regeneration
Authors: Soto Jennifer , Ding Xili , Wang Aijun , Li Song 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a transient population of cells that arise during early vertebrate development and harbor stem cell properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency. These cells form at the interface of non-neuronal ectoderm and neural tube and undergo extensive migration whereupon they contribute to a diverse array of cell and tissue derivatives, ranging from craniofacial tissues to cells of the peripheral nervous system. Neural crest-like stem cells (NCLSCs) can be derived from pluripotent stem cells, placental tissues, adult tissues, and somatic cell reprogramming. NCLSCs have a differentiation capability similar to NCSCs, and possess great potential for regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we present recent developments on the various approaches to derive NCLSCs and the therapeutic application of these cells for tissue regeneration.
The length of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the two cutoff Youden index within a robust framework for discovery, evaluation, and cutoff estimation in biomarker studies involving improper receiver operating characteristic curves
Authors: Bantis Leonidas E. , Tsimikas John V. , Chambers Gregory R. , Capello Michela , Hanash Samir , Feng Ziding 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the early stage of biomarker discovery, high throughput technologies allow for simultaneous input of thousands of biomarkers that attempt to discriminate between healthy and diseased subjects. In such cases, proper ranking of biomarkers is highly important. Common measures, such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), as well as affordable sensitivity and specificity levels, are often taken into consideration. Strictly speaking, such measures are appropriate under a stochastic ordering assumption, which implies, without loss of generality, that higher measurements are more indicative for the disease. Such an assumption is not always plausible and may lead to rejection of extremely useful biomarkers at this early discovery stage. We explore the length of a smooth ROC curve as a measure for biomarker ranking, which is not subject to directionality. We show that the length corresponds to a divergence, is identical to the corresponding length of the optimal (likelihood ratio) ROC curve, and is an appropriate measure for ranking biomarkers. We explore the relationship between the length measure and the AUC of the optimal ROC curve. We then provide a complete framework for the evaluation of a biomarker in terms of sensitivity and specificity through a proposed ROC analogue for use in improper settings. In the absence of any clinical insight regarding the appropriate cutoffs, we estimate the sensitivity and specificity under a two‐cutoff extension of the Youden index and we further take into account the implied costs. We apply our approaches on two biomarker studies that relate to pancreatic and esophageal cancer.
Phase‐Transfer Strategy toward High‐Throughput Chromatographic Detection of Pentosan Content in Wheat‐Derived Products
Authors: Xie Wei‐Qi , Gong Yi‐Xian , Huang Shi‐Wen , Yu Kong‐Xian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper demonstrated a new approach for detecting pentosan content in wheat products enabled by phase‐transfer reaction technique. This approach was based on the phase‐transfer reaction of pentosans in wheat sample to furfural in an acidic medium. The hydrolysis reaction could be finished within 30 min at 90 °C, with a sulfuric acid concentration of 12.0 mol/L. The furfural generated from the hydrolysis of pentosan was then measured by headspace gas chromatography (HS‐GC) using a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that this method was precise (relative standard deviations (RSD)≤2.82 %) and accurate (relative differences (RD)≤6.49 % compared with the reference spectrophotometric method, the recoveries ranged from 98.1 to 102 %). Moreover, the developed approach is semi‐automated and efficient, which can be a good alternative method for the high‐throughput analysis of pentosan content in both laboratory and mill testing.
Solvent‐Free Single‐Pot Mannich Reaction and Detoxification of Industrial Hazardous Waste Methyl Mercaptan Gas
Authors: Swain Sharada Prasanna , Prasad Nagendra , Reddy Latchi , Subrahmanyam G. , Mohanty Sandeep 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnvironment pollution is causing serious human health issues and forest deterioration. Methyl mercaptan is a malodorous gaseous pollutant, which is a by product of sewage treatment plants, pulp plants, petrochemical plants, agrochemicals, and some pharmaceutical products. A long term exposure to methyl mercaptan may lead to adverse effects on central nervous system and cardiovascular system. The pharmaceutical industries are devoting significant efforts to develop process by using green solvents like water, and develop solvent‐free reactions. This will help to develop green, sustainable methods for the synthesis of API and reduce the manufacturing cost. A ZnCl2 catalyzed solvent‐free, one‐pot process for the synthesis of ranitidine and quenching of hazardous waste methyl mercaptan gas to a useful product have been developed.
Amidine Derivatives of Avibactam: Synthesis and In Vitro β‐Lactamase Inhibition Activity
Authors: Gao Yuanyu , Liu Yuanbai , Iqbal Zafar , Sun Jian , Ji Jinbo , Zhai Lijuan , Tang Dong , Ji Jingwen , He Lili , Mu Yangxiu , Yang Haikang , Yang Zhixiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAvibactam is a non‐β‐lactam based second generation β‐lactamase inhibitor containing diazabicyclooctane (DBO) ring as the β‐lactam mimic. We substituted C2 position of DBO scaffold by a number of amidine derivatives to form water soluble final compounds A1‐A14. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and synergistic activity in combination with an antibiotic in vitro. The compounds, were tested against ten bacterial strains alone and in combination with existing antibiotic, meropenem. All compounds didn't show antibacterial activity when alone (MIC,>128 μM), however exhibited moderate to good synergistic activity in the presence of meropenem by lowering its MIC values. Compound A7 proved the most potent among other counterparts against all bacterial species with MIC from <0.29 μM to 2.34 μM, and showed comparable or improved activity to avibactam against eight bacterial strains. Compound A7 may prove a lead for next level in vivo and clinical studies.
Immobilization of Active Substances in Food Using Self‐Organized Patterned Porous Film via Breath Figure Approach
Authors: Zhang Simin , Peng Bo , Li Meng , Diao Huayu , Wang Xingyu , Zhao Weiping , Lin Wei , Sun Na , Lin Songyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicropattern of bioactive substances in food, such as functional protein and enzyme immobilization, play a crucial role in catalysis, proteomics, tissue engineering, nutrition transportation and biological detection. Currently, various techniques have been reported for the immobilization of bioactive substances on solid but the fabricated methods are often not facile and universal. In this study, we overcome these problems to localized capture ovalbumin (OVA) and trypsin (Try) efficiently by fabricating patterned porous film via simple breath figure approach. Upon optimization of preparation conditions, ordered honeycomb porous film were obtained. We confirmed the morphology and investigated thermostability and surface wettability of porous film. The immobilization of OVA and Try was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. To our best knowledge, this work is the first report on patterning and trapping of food protein and enzyme via self‐organized patterned porous film. Our findings are essential for establishing a new convenient and efficient route to design food protein/enzyme‐trapped porous film materials, which opens a new sustainable way for food protein/enzyme immobilization and expected to used in the food industry, biological applications, and so on.
Array Integration and Far‐Field Detection of Biocompatible Wireless LC Pressure Sensors
Authors: Wen Hao , Chen Caifeng , Li Shengyou , Shi Yating , Wang Hao , Guo Wenxi , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, three configurations of LC (inductor–capacitor) pressure sensors are developed, namely series LC pressure sensors, compact LC pressure sensors, and far‐field LC pressure sensor tags. The modified silk protein films have been chosen as substrates due to their good biocompatibility and air/water permeability, which is suitable for continuously pasting such substrates on skin. For series LC pressure sensors, conducting wire is used to connect the flexible capacitor and spiral inductor. It exhibits good cycling stability and high sensitivities, suitable for electronic skin. For compact LC pressure sensors, the spiral coil functions as inductor, antenna, and capacitor electrode simultaneously, minimizing the space cost and is suitable for array integration, while the sensitivities remain the same. By tailoring the turn of the spiral coil, the resonate frequency can be regulated continuously. An annular array of compact LC sensors with ten distinct resonate frequencies ranged from 400 to 1000 MHz is developed to remotely monitor the press of number 0–9. Finally, far‐field LC pressure sensor tags with elongated detection distances are developed in which each compact LC sensor acts as a filter. A wireless in‐shoe plantar to detect the sole pressure distribution using the far‐field LC sensor configuration is developed.