bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miscanthus interspecific hybrids exceed the biomass yield and quality of their parents in the saline–alkaline Yellow River delta
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Xiao Liang , Iqbal Yasir , Sun Guorong , Feng Hui , Liu Fulai , Duan Meijuan , Yi Zili 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe genus Miscanthus is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock crop for the production of bioenergy. Miscanthus is drawing attention because it can be grown on marginal land and avoid competition with food crops. Therefore, as measures of performance, biomass yield and quality of two parent species (Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus lutarioriparius) and 15 of their interspecific hybrids were evaluated in a saline–alkaline soil of the Yellow River delta in China. Ethanol and biogas production potentials were also estimated. A field trial with a randomised block design with five replicates of each genotype was conducted in 2014. Biomass yield, plant height, tiller number, stem diameter, and tiller mass of each parent and hybrid were measured at the end of the growing season in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Quality traits, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents, were measured. There was large genotype variation in biomass yield and in most of the biometric parameters, and cellulose (range: 0.33 to 0.45 g/g), hemicellulose (0.32 to 0.43 g/g), lignin (0.07–0.13 g/g) and ash (0.02–0.06 g/g) contents were significantly different among the hybrids. The ash content of all hybrids was significantly lower than that of M. sinensis. The two‐year (2016 and 2017) average biomass yield of the 15 hybrids ranged from 9.87 to 23.11 t/ha, which was significantly higher than that of either parent (M. sinensis: 1.20 t/ha; M. lutarioriparius: 3.87 t/ha). Two hybrids, SL8 and SL15, were identified as potential genotypes suitable for the saline–alkaline soils of the Yellow River delta. These results demonstrate that interspecific hybridisation is crucial to improve Miscanthus biomass yield and quality under marginal conditions.
Silica gel 60 removes bitterness from cold‐press produced grapefruit seed oil by adsorption principle
Authors: Yilmaz Emin , Deviren Ayten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to remove bitterness from cold‐press produced grapefruit seed oil by adsorption principle. The 14 different materials and 5 different metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were tested for this purpose. Best performing adsorbents were selected based on the analyses of sensory bitterness measurements, as well as oil loss, free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and color measurements. The silica gel 60 and MIL‐101 MOF were selected as the best performing adsorbents and tested against control oil. There were some changes in oil color. Oil FFA and unsaponifiable matter values were decreased, and PV and turbidities were enhanced after the treatments. Similarly, unsaturated fatty acid content and tocopherols were decreased expectedly. Although MIL‐101 caused great sterol losses, it was in fewer quantities with silica gel 60 treatment. Silica gel 60 treatment resulted in the complete removal of the bitter‐tasting flavonoids: naringin and neohesperidin. The non‐bitter flavonoids were also decreased after both treatments. Most importantly, sensory descriptive analysis proved that after silica gel 60 treatment, the bitter taste was totally removed, and the astringent, menthol, and raw vegetable attributes significantly reduced compared with the control sample. Overall, the silica gel 60 treatment provided total success in removing bitterness from the oil. Further studies for the reusability of the silica gel 60 and possibly other similar adsorbents for the same purpose were suggested.
A fully coupled high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method for diffusion flames in a low‐Mach number framework
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Jorquera Juan , Kummer Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a fully coupled solver based on the discontinuous Galerkin method for steady‐state diffusion flames using the low‐Mach approximation of the governing equations with a one‐step kinetic model. The nonlinear equation system is solved with a Newton–Dogleg method and initial estimates for flame calculations are obtained from a flame‐sheet model. Details on the spatial discretization and the nonlinear solver are presented. The method is tested with reactive and nonreactive benchmark cases. Convergence studies are presented, and we show that the expected convergence rates are obtained. The solver for the low‐Mach equations is used for calculating a differentially heated cavity configuration, which is validated against benchmark solutions. Additionally, a two‐dimensional counter diffusion flame is calculated, and the results are compared with the self‐similar one dimensional solution of said configuration.
Mismatch repair deficiency: The what, how and why it is important
Authors: Olave Maria C. , Graham Rondell P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mismatch repair system is a major pathway that functions in the maintenance of genomic integrity. It is involved in mitotic and meiotic recombination, apoptosis, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, somatic hypermutation, and other processes. Deficiencies in mismatch repair give rise to hypermutability and the phenomenon called microsatellite instability. Detection of deficient mismatch repair function or microsatellite instability is used diagnostically, predictively, and prognostically. Specifically, deficient mismatch repair function is used for screening of Lynch syndrome, determining patients who are likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition, and to contributes to an understanding of which cancer patients may pursue a more aggressive clinical course. Microsatellite instability can be evaluated directly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or indirectly by assessment of mismatch repair protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and mismatch repair function using next‐generation sequencing assays which evaluates homopolymer indels. In this article, we provide a concise practical review on mismatch repair deficiency (MMR‐d)/microsatellite instability (MSI), focusing on clinical testing, different testing methods, interpretation of findings, the predictive, and prognostic utility of MSI.
Intensity‐modulated proton radiation therapy as a radical treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China: Cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Li Guo , Xia Yun‐Fei , Huang Yi‐Xiang , Okat Deniz , Qiu Bo , Doyen Jerome , Bondiau Pierre‐Yves , Benezery Karen , Gao Jin , Qian Chao‐Nan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompared to conventional intensity‐modulated photon radiation therapy (IMRT), intensity‐modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT) has potential to reduce irradiation‐induced late toxicities while maintaining excellent tumor control in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the relevant cost‐effectiveness remains controversial.MethodsA Markov decision tree analysis was performed under the assumption that IMPT offered normal tissue complication probability reduction (NTCP reduction) in long‐term dysphagia, xerostomia, and hearing loss, compared to IMRT. Base‐case evaluation was performed on T2N2M0 NPC of median age (43 years old). A Chinese societal willingness‐to‐pay threshold (33558 US dollars [$])/quality‐adjusted life‐year [QALY]) was adopted.ResultsFor patients at median age and having NTCP reduction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, their incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were $102684.0/QALY, $43161.2/QALY, $24134.7/QALY, $13991.6/QALY, $8259.8/QALY, and $4436.1/QALY, respectively; IMPT should provide an NTCP reduction of ≥24% to be considered cost‐effective.ConclusionsIMPT has potential to be cost‐effective for average Chinese NPC patients and should be validated clinically.
Dissipative heat for the Casson fluid flow past an expanding cylindrical surface
Authors: Pattnaik Pradyumna Kumar , Mishra Satyaranjan , Jena Swarnalata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA non‐Newtonian model is developed by considering the flow of non‐Newtonian Casson fluid past an expanding cylinder embedded in a porous medium. The novelty arises because of the conjunction of dissipative heat, and the additional heat source that enriches the heat transport phenomenon significantly. The application of the study is vital due to the flow of blood through the artery, a physiological study. Therefore, the study of Casson fluid plays an important role. The nonlinear partial differential equations that appeared in the formulation are now renovated to the coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. However, a numerical technique associated with shooting‐based followed by Runge–Kutta fourth‐order is employed for the solution of these transformed equations. The uniqueness of diverse pertinent parameters on the flow phenomena is scrutinized through graphs and numerically simulated results presented in tables. The important observations are as follows; the magnetic parameter and permeability augment the shear rate coefficients, whereas the Casson parameter rendered the opposite impact. Furthermore, the non‐Newtonian Casson parameter retards the fluid temperature, and the curvature parameter significantly enhances it.
Confinement Related Phenomena in MoS2 Tubular Structures Grown from Vapour Phase
Authors: Remskar Maja , Hüttel Andreas K. , Shubina Tatiana V. , Seabaugh Alan , Fathipour Sara , Lawrowski Robert , Schreiner Rupert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe review recently discovered phenomena observed in the MoS2 tubular structures, which were synthesized by a lasting chemical transport reaction nearly at chemical equilibrium. Such MoS2 nanotubes are distinguished by low density of structural defects, thin walls and a high aspect ratio, which intrinsically provide a confined, edge‐free geometry. Quantum confinement with single electron conductance was recorded and a bright exciton photoluminescence with appearance of whispering gallery modes was observed. In addition, the field‐effect transistors and field emitters based on single MoS2 nanotubes were demonstrated. These discoveries revitalize research of MoS2 curved structures grown from vapour phase, which were reported several decades ago.
Personality traits and stress coping among obstetricians diagnosing and communicating fetal death: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Muin Dana Anais , Erlacher Janina , Leutgeb Stephanie , Toth Bettina , Felnhofer Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess obstetricians’ personality traits (empathy, locus of control [LoC], situational affect) and relate these to stress coping when making the diagnosis and delivering the news of late fetal death to parents.MethodsCross‐sectional questionnaire study.Results341 Austrian obstetricians (72.7% females) participated in this online survey. Participants’ mean age was 46.4 ± 10.8 years. The majority of participants (n = 158, 46.3%) had been previously involved in the diagnosis of fetal death and subsequent breaking news up to five times. We observed no gender‐specific differences in physicians’ stress coping, including situational affect, perceived stress, challenge, self‐concept, or perceived control, nor in internal or external LoC, and perspective taking. Female obstetricians showed significantly higher trait empathy and reported higher levels of distress regarding fetal death than males. Obstetricians with greater experience in dealing with fetal death (>11 times) reported a higher ability to cope with stress as reflected by lower situational affect, less perceived stress, less challenge, and higher situational control.ConclusionWhile obstetricians’ stress coping in diagnosing and communicating fetal death is independent of physicians’ gender, greater ability to empathize with the parents diminishes overall sense of control and affect over the situation, whereas increased level of clinical experience with fetal death supports all domains of control and stress coping.
Routine first trimester combined screening for preterm preeclampsia in Australia: A multicenter clinical implementation cohort study
Authors: Rolnik Daniel L. , Selvaratnam Roshan J. , Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Meagher Simon , Wallace Euan , Hyett Jon , da Silva Costa Fabricio , McLennan Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pregnancy outcomes following first trimester combined screening for preterm preeclampsia in Australia.MethodsWe compared pregnancy outcomes of women with singleton pregnancies who underwent first trimester combined preeclampsia screening with the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm between 2014 and 2017 in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, with those from women who received standard care. The primary outcomes were preterm preeclampsia and screening performance. Effect estimates were presented as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 29 618 women underwent combined screening and 301 566 women received standard care. Women who had combined screening were less likely to have preeclampsia, preterm birth, small neonates, and low Apgar scores than the general population. Women with high‐risk results (≥1 in 100) were more likely to develop preterm preeclampsia (2.1% vs. 0.7%, risk ratio [RR] 3.04, 95% CI 2.46–3.77), while low‐risk women (risk <1 in 100) had lower rates of preterm preeclampsia (0.2% vs. 0.7%, RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.19–0.35) and other pregnancy complications. Screening detected 65.2% (95% CI 56.4–73.2%) of all preterm preeclampsia cases, with improved performance after adjustment for treatment effect.ConclusionsFirst trimester screening for preeclampsia in clinical practice identified a population at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and low‐risk women who may be suitable for less intensive antenatal care.
Multispectral label‐free Raman spectroscopy can detect ovarian and endometrial cancer with high accuracy
Authors: David Sandryne , Plante Arthur , Dallaire Frédérick , Tremblay Jean‐Philippe , Sheehy Guillaume , Macdonald Elizabeth , Forrest Laura , Daneshmand Manijeh , Trudel Dominique , Wilson Brian C. , Hopkins Laura , Murugkar Sangeeta , Vanderhyden Barbara , Leblond Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUp to 70% of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed with advanced‐stage disease and the degree of cytoreduction is an important survival prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate if Raman spectroscopy could detect cancer from different organs within the abdominopelvic region, including the ovaries. A Raman spectroscopy probe was used to interrogate specimens from a cohort of nine patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery, including four ovarian cancer patients and three patients with endometrial cancer. A feature‐selection algorithm was developed to determine which spectral bands contributed to cancer detection and a machine‐learning model was trained. The model could detect cancer using only eight spectral bands. The receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve had an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.96, corresponding to an accuracy, a sensitivity and a specificity of 90%, 93% and 88%, respectively. These results provide evidence multispectral Raman spectroscopy could be developed to detect ovarian cancer intraoperatively.
Study of the spatial scale stability of Mueller matrix parameters for textural characterization of biological tissues
Authors: Chen Yongtai , Chu Jinkui , Tang William C. , Zhang Ran , Zhao Mingyu , Xin Benda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMueller matrix imaging polarimetry (MMIP) is a promising technique for the textural characterization of biological tissue structures. To reveal the influence of imaging magnification on the robustness of Mueller matrix parameters (MMPs), the spatial scale stability of MMPs was studied. We established a new MMIP detector and derived the mathematical model of the spatial scale stability of MMPs. The biological tissues with well‐defined structural components were imaged under different magnifications. Then, we compared and analyzed the textural features of the MMPs in the resulting images. The experimental results match the predictions of the mathematical model in these aspects: (a) magnification exhibits a strong nonlinear effect on the textural contrasts of MMPs images; (b) higher magnification does not necessarily lead to superior contrast for textural characterization; and (c) for different biological tissues, MMPs contrasts can be optimized differently, with some showing superior results. This study provides a reference for the experimental design and operation of the MMIP technique and is helpful for improving the characterization ability of MMPs.
Self‐assembling human skeletal organoids for disease modeling and drug testing
Authors: Abraham Diana M. , Herman Calvin , Witek Lukasz , Cronstein Bruce N. , Flores Roberto L. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSkeletal conditions represent a considerable challenge to health systems globally. Barriers to effective therapeutic development include a lack of accurate preclinical tissue and disease models. Most recently, work was attempted to present a novel whole organ approach to modeling human bone and cartilage tissues. These self‐assembling skeletal organoids mimic the cellular milieu and extracellular organization present in native tissues. Bone organoids demonstrated osteogenesis and micro vessel formation, and cartilage organoids showed evidence of cartilage development and maturation. Skeletal organoids derived from both bone and cartilage tissues yielded spontaneous polarization of their cartilaginous and bone components. Using these hybrid skeletal organoids, we successfully generated “mini joint” cultures, which we used to model inflammatory disease and test Adenosine (A2A) receptor agonists as a therapeutic agent. The work and respective results indicated that skeletal organoids can be an effective biological model for tissue development and disease as well as to test therapeutic agents.
A comparison of treatment perspectives between adolescent males in residential treatment for substance use and their counselors
Authors: Balkin Richard S. , Russo G. Michael , Perryman Mandy L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic progress for adolescent males in residential treatment for substance use and compare their perspective of treatment progress with their counselor's measures of therapeutic progress. Participants in this study were from a residential treatment facility for adolescent males (n = 13) with substance use problems and their respective counselors (n = 2). Improvement in areas of problem severity and coping were observed by both adolescents and counselors; limited progress was noted in commitment to follow‐up. Large discrepancies between adolescent clients and counselors related to therapeutic progress were found, with adolescent clients identifying much higher progress in problem severity, coping, and commitment to follow‐up than their counselors. Therapeutic gains for adolescent males in residential treatment for substance use might be small. Large differences may be apparent in how adolescent, male clients perceive their progress compared to how their counselors perceive client progress.
Virucidal effect of monogalactosyl diacylglyceride from a green microalga, Coccomyxa sp. KJ, against clinical isolates of SARS‐CoV‐2 as assessed by a plaque assay
Authors: Hayashi Kyoko , Asai Satomi , Umezawa Kazuo , Kakizoe Hidehumi , Miyachi Hayato , Morita Masanobu , Akaike Takaaki , Kuno Hitoshi , Komatsu Satoko , Watanabe Takumi , Kawahara Toshio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and is capable of human‐to‐human transmission and rapid global spread. Thus, the establishment of high‐quality viral detection and quantification methods, and the development of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents are critical.MethodsHere, we present the rapid detection of infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 particles using a plaque assay with 0.5% agarose‐ME (Medium Electroosmosis) as an overlay medium.ResultsThe plaques were capable of detecting the virus within 36–40 h post‐infection. In addition, we showed that a monogalactosyl diacylglyceride isolated from a microalga (Coccomyxa sp. KJ) could inactivate the clinical isolates of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner.ConclusionsThese results would allow rapid quantification of the infectious virus titers and help develop more potent virucidal agents against SARS‐CoV‐2.
A sense of community at school and the subjective well‐being of Chilean students
Authors: Villarroel Alejandra , Alfaro Jaime , Reyes Fernando , Carrillo Gisela , Ditzel Loreto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstand the degree to which a Sense of Community at School can predict the Life Satisfaction of Chilean students in the fifth and seventh grades. The classroom and school components will be presented separately. The research was designed as a descriptive study using a survey with a probabilistic sample made up of 1959 students (52.6% male and 47.4% female) in the fifth and seventh grades at elementary schools in the cities of Concepción and Santiago in Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis was done using the Multidimensional Scales of School Sense of Community (SOC‐S) and Classroom Sense of Community (SOC‐C) as predictors of life satisfaction measured with the Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS). Multigroup analysis was conducted to make comparisons by sex and grade. The dimension of “sense of belonging and emotional connection” of the SOC‐C and the dimension of “belonging” of the SOC‐S predict life satisfaction for fifth grade students. The additional dimension of “emotional connection” of the SOC‐S scale was included for the seventh‐grade students. The sense that one is part of the school community is a dimension that affects childhood life satisfaction. Its level of contribution varies by age, with the sense of belonging and emotional connection variables being the relevant ones.