bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendship and Cognitive Functioning Among Married and Widowed Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Peng Changmin , Hayman Laura L , Mutchler Jan E , Burr Jeffrey A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Guided by the social convoy model, this study investigated the association between friendship and cognitive functioning among older Chinese adults, as well as the moderating effect of marital status (married vs widowed). We also explored whether depression might account for the link between friendship and cognitive functioning.

Methods
We used data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014 (N = 8,482). Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination instrument and friendship was assessed with a 3-item Lubben Social Network Scale. Linear regression and path analyses within a structural equation modeling framework were performed to examine the hypotheses.

Results
Results indicated that friendship was significantly related to better cognitive functioning among older Chinese adults (β = 0.083, p &lt; .001) and marital status moderated this association (β = −0.058, p &lt; .01). In addition, depression partially mediated the relationship between friendship and cognitive functioning (β = 0.015, p &lt; .001).

Discussion
The results implied that friendship is important for maintaining cognitive functioning in later life and widowed older Chinese adults may benefit more from friendship in its relationship to cognitive functioning than married older Chinese adults. Further, one potential pathway linking friendship to cognitive functioning may be through depression; however, more research is needed to support this finding. Intervention programs aimed at building friendship opportunities may be one way to achieve better cognitive aging.
Integrating health technology assessment and the right to health: a qualitative content analysis of procedural values in South African judicial decisions
Authors: DiStefano Michael J , Abdool Karim Safura , Krubiner Carleigh B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
South Africa’s move towards implementing National Health Insurance includes a commitment to establish a health technology assessment (HTA) body to inform health priority-setting decisions. This study sought to analyse health rights cases in South Africa to inform the identification of country-specific procedural values related to health priority-setting and their implementation in a South African HTA body. The focus on health rights cases is motivated in part by the fact that case law can be an important source of insight into the values of a particular country. This focus is further motivated by a desire to mitigate the potential tension between a rights-based approach to healthcare access and national efforts to set health priorities. A qualitative content analysis of eight South African court cases related to the right to health was conducted. Cases were identified through a LexisNexis search and supplemented with expert judgement. Procedural values identified from the health priority-setting literature, including those comprising Accountability for Reasonableness (A4R), structured the thematic analysis. The importance of transparency and revision—two elements of A4R—is evident in our findings, suggesting that the courts can help to enforce elements of A4R. Yet our findings also indicate that A4R is likely to be insufficient for ensuring that HTA in South Africa meets the procedural demands of a constitutional rights-based approach to healthcare access. Accordingly, we also suggest that a South African HTA body ought to consider more demanding considerations related to transparency and revisions as well as explicit considerations related to inclusivity.
Investigation of the causal relationships between human IgG N-glycosylation and 12 common diseases associated with changes in the IgG N-glycome
Authors: Zaytseva Olga O , Sharapov Sodbo Zh , Perola Marcus , Esko Tonu , Landini Arianna , Hayward Caroline , Wilson James F , Lauc Gordan , Aulchenko Yurii S , Klarić Lucija , Tsepilov Yakov A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Changes in the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are often observed in pathological states, such as autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in most cases, it is not clear if the disease onset causes these changes, or if the changes in IgG N-glycosylation are among the risk factors for the diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the casual relationships between IgG N-glycosylation traits and 12 diseases, in which the alterations of IgG N-glycome were previously reported, using two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. We have performed two sample MR using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of IgG N-glycosylation and disease risks. Our results indicate positive causal effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the abundance of N-glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine in the total IgG N-glycome. Therefore, we suggest regarding this IgG glycosylation trait as a biomarker of SLE. We also emphasize the need for more powerful GWAS studies of IgG N-glycosylation to further elucidate the causal effect of IgG N-glycome on the diseases.
Fecal Amino Acid Analysis in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Case-Control Study
Authors: Jagt Jasmijn Z , Struys Eduard A , Ayada Ibrahim , Bakkali Abdellatif , Jansen Erwin E W , Claesen Jürgen , van Limbergen Johan E , Benninga Marc A , de Boer Nanne K H , de Meij Tim G J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Fecal metabolomic profiles differ between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and controls and may provide new insights in the pathophysiology of IBD. The role of amino acids, however, is not fully elucidated. We aimed to assess fecal amino acid profiles in pediatric IBD.

Methods
In this case-control study, treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients and a non-IBD control group, matched based on sex and age, were included in 2 tertiary centres. Fecal amino acid profiles were assessed using a targeted high-performance liquid chromatography technique. A random forest classifier method was used to develop a prediction model differentiating IBD from controls and predicting IBD phenotype. The association between IBD localization and amino acid concentrations was tested with ordinal regression models.

Results
We included 78 newly diagnosed IBD patients (40 Crohn’s disease [CD], 38 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 105 controls. Patients with IBD could be differentiated from controls with an accuracy of 82% (sensitivity 63%, specificity 97%). Twenty-nine out of the 42 measured unique amino acids were included in the prediction model. Increased levels of tryptophan, taurine, alanine, ornithine, valine, histidine, and leucine were the most differentiating features. Children with CD and UC could be differentiated from the controls with an accuracy of 80% and 90%, respectively. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype could not be predicted. Tryptophan, valine, and histidine levels were positively associated with more extended disease in UC patients (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Fecal amino acids may enhance understanding of the role of host-microbial interactions in the pathophysiology of IBD and may evolve into biomarkers for pediatric IBD diagnostic and personalized medicine.
Energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system based on fuzzy control for ships
Authors: Hu Wenqing , Shang Qianming , Bian Xiangrui , Zhu Renjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries have high-energy density, but they cannot respond quickly to power fluctuations; supercapacitors (SCs) can quickly respond to power fluctuations, but their energy density is low. The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that uses both lithium-ion batteries and SCs can take into account the advantages of both, making the system perform better; however, the energy distribution between lithium-ion batteries and SC is difficult. This paper takes ships as the research object, analyzes the power changes of ships during operation, and finds that high-power fluctuations are always only a minority. This paper uses a fuzzy control strategy, based on the actual operating conditions of the ship, except that the ship’s power fluctuation is very small; the SC will provide energy for the ship to make full use of the SC instead of waiting for the arrival of high-power fluctuations. This paper builds an experimental platform and uses the Arbin tester to simulate the operation of the ship. The experimental data show that the SC can have enough time to adjust its state of charge to deal with the power fluctuations at the next moment even if it keeps charging and discharging. The research results of this paper have certain significance for the energy distribution and capacity configuration of HESS.
Geometrization of Trigonometric Solutions of the Associative and Classical Yang–Baxter Equations
Authors: Polishchuk Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe describe a geometric construction of all nondegenerate trigonometric solutions of the associative and classical Yang–Baxter equations. In the associative case, the solutions come from symmetric spherical orders over the irreducible nodal curve of arithmetic genus $1$, while in the Lie case they come from spherical sheaves of Lie algebras over the same curve.
On the Thom Conjecture in ℂℙ3
Authors: Ruberman Daniel , Slapar Marko , Strle Sašo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhat is the simplest smooth simply connected $4$-manifold embedded in $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^3$ homologous to a degree $d$ hypersurface $V_d$? A version of this question associated with Thom asks if $V_d$ has the smallest $b_2$ among all such manifolds. While this is true for degree at most $4$, we show that for all $d \geq 5$, there is a manifold $M_d$ in this homology class with $b_2(M_d) &lt; b_2(V_d)$. This contrasts with the Kronheimer–Mrowka solution of the Thom conjecture about surfaces in $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^2$ and is similar to results of Freedman for $2n$-manifolds in $\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^{n+1}$ with $n$ odd and greater than $1$.
Immunotherapy Efficacy in the Initial Lines of Treatment in Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kamposioras Konstantinos , Ntellas Panagiotis , Nikolaou Michail , Germetaki Theodora , Gazouli Ioanna , Dadouli Katerina , Zarkavelis George , Amylidi Anna-Lea , Tolia Maria , Mauri Davide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented the cutting edge of clinical research in upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, with these agents now included in the armamentarium of treatment options for advanced gastric and esophageal cancers.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review and pooled analysis to map out the currently available robust clinical evidence for the use of ICIs in upper GI cancers. Immunotherapy (IO), either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, and its role in first-line, maintenance, and second-line settings, as well as in specific clinical and biological subgroups, were critically appraised. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsICIs, in combination with chemotherapy, have provided statistically significant overall survival benefit in the first-line setting in gastric and gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76 to 0.90, P &lt; .001; based on 4 studies) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.81, P &lt; .001; based on 3 studies), albeit with heterogeneous efficacy according to biomarker expression. Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and in particular high programmed cell death ligand-1 expression, derive survival benefit when treated with IO in the second-line setting (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.82, P &lt; .001; for any level of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression). Clinical trials interrogating the combination of IO with chemotherapy in second-line treatment should be seriously considered in upper GI adenocarcinomas. The role of maintenance IO after initial disease control is still unclear and cannot be recommended. Impressive response rates and survival benefit from IO have been reported in patients with microsatellite instability-high tumors (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.57, P &lt; .001), and this warrants further prospective biomarker-driven studies.ConclusionsIO is changing the treatment landscape in upper GI malignancies. The rapidly developing evidence in the field needs to be critically appraised while further validation of the existing information from ongoing trials is awaited.
Traumatic colostomy evisceration in an AIDS patient with anal cancer
Authors: Momah Uju , Barnaby Josh , Poulos Constantine , Lewis Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intestinal evisceration is a rare event and few cases of colostomy rupture have been documented in the medical literature. Complications of colostomy surgery vary in incidence, with most episodes occurring in the immediate postoperative timeframe, including necrosis, hemorrhage, cellulitis and dehiscence. Here, we document the case of a 35-year-old male patient with a history of immunodeficiency, multiple comorbidities and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus who experienced a unique instance of colostomy evisceration weeks after initial surgery. The patient originally underwent surgery for a sigmoid colostomy for the alleviation of irritation secondary to anal disease. Weeks later, after a traumatic fall injury, he experienced colostomy evisceration. This case will review the factors leading up to this event that put the patient at risk for poor wound healing and ultimately colostomy rupture.
Invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma resulting in arm amputation. Case discussion and literature review
Authors: Eiben Inez , Bahadori Darab , Eiben Paola , Hever PennyLouise 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Specifically incidence of non-melanoma malignancy in the UK has increased by 56% in the last decade. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer that if caught early can be successfully treated. Conservative excision surgery is the most common treatment modality with high cure rates even if tumours are advanced. Radical surgery is rarely required, and amputations, especially when the distal part of the upper extremity is involved, are very uncommon. Here, we describe a case of an invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the elbow that required trans-humeral arm amputation.
Identification of Risk Factors for Daptomycin-Associated Creatine Phosphokinase Elevation and Development of a Risk Prediction Model for Incidence Probability
Authors: Samura Masaru , Hirose Naoki , Kurata Takenori , Takada Keisuke , Nagumo Fumio , Koshioka Sakura , Ishii Junichi , Uchida Masaki , Inoue Junki , Enoki Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Higashita Ryuji , Kunika Norifumi , Tanikawa Koji , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
In this study, we investigated the risk factors for daptomycin-associated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation and established a risk score for CPK elevation.

Methods
Patients who received daptomycin at our hospital were classified into the non-elevated or elevated CPK group based on their peak CPK levels during daptomycin therapy. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, and a risk score and prediction model for the incidence probability of CPK elevation were calculated based on logistic regression analysis.

Results
The non-elevated and elevated CPK groups included 181 and 17 patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that concomitant statin use (odds ratio [OR], 4.45 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.40–14.47]; risk score 4), concomitant antihistamine use (OR, 5.66 [95% CI, 1.58–20.75]; risk score 4), and trough concentration (Cmin) between 20 and &lt;30 µg/mL (OR, 14.48 [95% CI, 2.90–87.13]; risk score 5) and ≥30.0 µg/mL (OR, 24.64 [95% CI, 3.21–204.53]; risk score 5) were risk factors for daptomycin-associated CPK elevation. The predicted incidence probabilities of CPK elevation were &lt;10% (low risk), 10%–&lt;25% (moderate risk), and ≥25% (high risk) with total risk scores of ≤4, 5–6, and ≥8, respectively. The risk prediction model exhibited a good fit (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85 [95% CI, .74–.95]).

Conclusions
These results suggested that concomitant use of statins with antihistamines and Cmin ≥20 µg/mL were risk factors for daptomycin-associated CPK elevation. Our prediction model might aid in reducing the incidence of daptomycin-associated CPK elevation.
Brexit and control of subsidies
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper reviews the implications of the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) for the control of subsidies. Controls will be less strict than under the EU state aid regime but tighter than with no deal and WTO rules. A subsidy control authority will be established by the UK which will oversee the application of broad principles set out in the TCA. A well-designed authority would help to prevent a repeat of the UK experience in the 1970s and 1980s, when subsidies were detrimental to economic performance. Regrettably, however, the government has decided to adopt a politicized approach to subsidy policy.
Regular radial velocity variations in nine G- and K-type giant stars: Eight planets and one planet candidate
Authors: Teng Huan-Yu , Sato Bun’ei , Takarada Takuya , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Izumiura Hideyuki , Kambe Eiji , Takeda Yoichi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Itoh Yoichi , Ando Hiroyasu , Kokubo Eiichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report the detection of radial velocity (RV) variations in nine evolved G- and K-type giant stars. The observations were conducted at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. Planets or planet candidates can best explain these regular variations. However, a coincidence of near 280 d variability among five of them prevents us from fully ruling out stellar origins for some of the variations, since all nine stars behave similarly in stellar properties. In the planet hypotheses for the RV variations, the planets (including one candidate) may survive close to the boundary of the so-called “planet desert” around evolved stars, having orbital periods between 255 and 555 d. Besides, they are the least-massive giant planets detected around G- and K-type giant stars, with minimum masses between 0.45 MJ and 1.34 MJ. We further investigated other hypotheses for our detection, yet none of them can better explain regular RV variation. With our detection, we can be convinced that year-long regular variation with amplitude down to 15 m s−1 for G- and K-type giant stars is detectable. Moreover, we performed simulations to further confirm the detectability of planets around these stars. Finally, we explored giant planets around intermediate-mass stars, and likewise found a four-Jupiter-mass gap (e.g., Santos et al. 2017, A&A, 603, A30), which is probably a boundary of the giant planet population.
The management of infants, children, and youth at risk for hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Bitnun Ari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the Canadian population. Most paediatric HCV infections are a consequence of vertical transmission or, among youth and young adults, the result of engaging in high-risk behaviours, such as injection drug use and unprotected sexual activity. It is now recommended that all infants, children, and youth with one or more risk factors be screened for HCV infection. Treating chronic HCV infection with direct-acting antivirals has been shown to achieve sustained virologic suppression in 97% to 100% of children as young as 3 years old. Paediatricians and family physicians have an important role in educating youth regarding HCV infection risks and prevention, and in advocating to government and public health authorities for comprehensive harm reduction interventions targeting at-risk youth, accessible treatments, and routine prenatal screening for HCV.
CO2-dependent migration and relocation of LCIB, a pyrenoid-peripheral protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Yamano Takashi , Toyokawa Chihana , Shimamura Daisuke , Matsuoka Toshiki , Fukuzawa Hideya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most microalgae overcome the difficulty of acquiring inorganic carbon (Ci) in aquatic environments by inducing a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, two distinct photosynthetic acclimation states have been described under CO2-limiting conditions (low-CO2 [LC] and very low-CO2 [VLC]). LC-inducible protein B (LCIB), structurally characterized as carbonic anhydrase, localizes in the chloroplast stroma under CO2-supplied and LC conditions. In VLC conditions, it migrates to aggregate around the pyrenoid, where the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is enriched. Although the physiological importance of LCIB localization changes in the chloroplast has been shown, factors necessary for the localization changes remain uncertain. Here, we examined the effect of pH, light availability, photosynthetic electron flow, and protein synthesis on the localization changes, along with measuring Ci concentrations. LCIB dispersed or localized in the basal region of the chloroplast stroma at 8.3–15 µM CO2, whereas LCIB migrated toward the pyrenoid at 6.5 µM CO2. Furthermore, LCIB relocated toward the pyrenoid at 2.6–3.4 µM CO2, even in cells in the dark or treated with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and cycloheximide in light. In contrast, in the mutant lacking CCM1, a master regulator of CCM, LCIB remained dispersed even at 4.3 µM CO2. Meanwhile, a simultaneous expression of LCIC, an interacting protein of LCIB, induced the localization of several speckled structures at the pyrenoid periphery. These results suggest that the localization changes of LCIB require LCIC and are controlled by CO2 concentration with ∼7 µM as the boundary.