bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Rates of RSV Hospitalization among Preterm Infants: A Decade of Data
Authors: Kong Amanda M. , Winer Isabelle H. , Zimmerman Nicole M. , Diakun David , Bloomfield Adam , Gonzales Tara , Fergie Jaime , Goldstein Mitchell , Krilov Leonard R. 
Published: October 2021

Objective In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) changed its policy on the use of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis (RSV-IP) so that RSV-IP was no longer recommended for use among infants without other medical conditions born >29 weeks of gestational age (wGA). This study examines 10-year trends in RSV-IP and RSV hospitalizations among term infants and preterm infants born at 29 to 34 wGA, including the 5 RSV seasons before and 5 RSV seasons after the AAP guidance change.
Study Design A retrospective observational cohort study of a convenience sample of infants less than 6 months of age during RSV season (November–March) born between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2019, who were born at 29 to 34 wGA (preterm) or >37 wGA (term) in the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases. We excluded infants with medical conditions that would independently qualify them for RSV-IP. We identified RSV-IP utilization along with RSV and all-cause bronchiolitis hospitalizations during each RSV season. A difference-in-difference model was used to determine if there was a significant change in the relative rate of RSV hospitalizations following the 2014 policy change.
Results There were 53,535 commercially insured and 85,099 Medicaid-insured qualifying preterm infants and 1,111,670 commercially insured and 1,492,943 Medicaid-insured qualifying term infants. Following the 2014 policy change, RSV-IP utilization decreased for all infants, while hospitalization rates tended to increase for preterm infants. Rate ratios comparing preterm to term infants also increased. The relative rate for RSV hospitalization for infants born at 29 to 34 wGA increased significantly for both commercially and Medicaid-insured infants (1.95, 95% CI: 1.67–2.27, p <0.001; 1.70, 95% CI: 1.55–1.86, p <0.001, respectively). Findings were similar for all-cause bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
Conclusion We found that the previously identified increase in RSV hospitalization rates among infants born at 29 to 34 wGA persisted for at least 5 years following the policy change.
Key Points
Prolonged Operative Time Associated with Increased Healthcare Utilization after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intra-Articular and Extra-Articular Distal Radial Fractures: An Analysis of 17,482 Cases
Authors: Scollan Joseph P. , Ohliger Erin , Emara Ahmed K. , Grits Daniel , McConaghy Kara , Ng Mitchell , Styron Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The current literature does not contain a quantitative description of the associations between operative time and adverse outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of distal radial fractures (DRF).
Questions/Purpose We aimed to quantify associations between DRF ORIF operative time and 1) 30-day postoperative health care utilization and 2) the incidence of local wound complications.
Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for DRF ORIF cases (January 2012–December 2018). A total of 17,482 cases were identified. Primary outcomes included health care utilization (length of stay [LOS], discharge dispositions, 30-day readmissions, and reoperations) per operative-time category. Secondary outcome was incidence of wound complications per operative-time category. Multivariate regression was conducted to determine operative-time categories associated with increased risk while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and fracture type. Spline regression models were constructed to visualize associations.
Results The 121 to 140-minute category was associated with significantly higher risk of a LOS > 2 days (odds ration [OR]: 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.1–2.45; p = 0.014) and nonhome discharge (OR: 1.72; 95% CI:1.09–2.72; p = 0.02) versus 41 to 60-minute category. The ≥ 180-minute category exhibited highest odds of LOS > 2 days (OR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.33–3.26; p = 0.001), nonhome discharge disposition (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.05–3.33; p = 0.035), and 30-day reoperation occurrence (OR: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.59–7.79; p = 0.002). There was no association between operative time and 30-day readmission (p > 0.05 each). Higher odds of any-wound complication was first detected at 81 to 100-minute category (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.08–8.4; p = 0.035) and peaked ≥ 181 minutes (OR: 9.62; 95% CI: 2.57–36.0; p = 0.001). Spline regression demonstrated no increase in risk of adverse outcomes if operative times were 50 minutes or less.
Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that prolonged operative time is correlated with increased odds of health care utilization and wound complications after DRF ORIF. Operative times greater than 60 minutes seem to carry higher odds of postoperative complications.
Discursive structures and power relations in Covid-19 knowledge production
Authors: Bisiada Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article critically examines the discourse around the Covid-19 pandemic to investigate the widespread polarisation evident in social media debates. The model of epidemic psychology holds that initial adverse reactions to a new disease spread through linguistic interaction. The main argument is that the mediation of the pandemic through social media has fomented the effects of epidemic psychology in the reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic by providing continued access to commentary and linguistic interaction. This social interaction in the absence of any knowledge on the new disease can be seen as a discourse of knowledge production, conducted largely on social media. This view, coupled with a critical approach to the power relations inherent in all processes of knowledge production, provides an approach to understanding the dynamics of polarisation, which is, arguably, issue-related and not along common ideological lines of left and right. The paper critiques two discursive structures of exclusion, the terms science and conspiracy theory, which have characterised the knowledge production discourse of the Covid-19 pandemic on social media. As strategies of dialogic contraction, they are based on a hegemonic view of knowledge production and on the simplistic assumption of an emancipated position outside ideology. Such an approach, though well-intentioned, may ultimately undermine social movements of knowledge production and thus threaten the very values it aims to protect. Instead, the paper proposes a Foucauldian approach that problematises truth claims and scientificity as always ideological and that is aware of power as inherent to all knowledge production.
Single-shot imaging of ultrafast all-optical magnetization dynamics with a spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Zalewski T. , Stupakiewicz A. 
Published: October 2021

We present a laboratory system for single-shot magneto-optical (MO) imaging of ultrafast magnetization dynamics with less than 8 fs temporal, micrometer spatial resolutions and a MO Faraday’s rotation sensitivity of 4 mdeg/μm. We create a stack of MO images repeatedly employing a single pair of pump and defocused probe pulses to induce and visualize MO changes in the sample. Both laser beams are independently wavelength-tunable, allowing for a flexible, resonant adjustable two-color pump and probe scheme. To increase the MO contrast, the probe beam is spatially filtered through a 50 μm aperture. We performed the all-optical switching experiment in Co-doped yttrium iron garnet films (YIG:Co) to demonstrate the capability of the presented method. We determine the spatiotemporal distribution of the effective field of photo-induced anisotropy, driving the all-optical switching of the magnetization in the YIG:Co film without an external magnetic field. Moreover, using this imaging method, we tracked the process of the laser-induced magnetization precession.
Social media’s role in support networks among LGBTQ adolescents: a qualitative study
Authors: Berger Matthew N. , Taba Melody , Marino Jennifer L. , Lim Megan S. C. , Cooper Spring Chenoa , Lewis Larissa , Albury Kath , Chung Kon Shing Kenneth , Bateson Deborah , Skinner S. Rachel 
Published: October 2021

Background Adolescents use social media more frequently than other age groups. Social media has been described as a safe environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents. As part of mixed-methods research investigating the association between social networks and sexual agency, we present qualitative findings on how LGBTQ adolescents connect online to form support networks. Methods We recruited 30 adolescents aged 14–17 years who identified as LGBTQ in terms of their gender or attraction in the longitudinal Social Networks and Agency Project. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online or face-to-face across Australia. Thematic analysis was used to explore perceptions and experiences of participants in relation to social media use and relationships. Results Two overarching themes were identified: LGBTQ adolescents use social media for identity, relationships and wellbeing support. Social media is not always free of discrimination for LGBTQ adolescents. Many LGBTQ participants joined Facebook groups to connect with LGBTQ peers. Facebook was considered a vital support for those with mental health concerns including suicidal ideation. Participants gave and received support from group members, which was considered useful for those feeling isolated or victimised. LGBTQ adolescents formed friendships, romantic relationships and gained information on sex, relationships, and sexual health from these groups. Participants described negative experiences including discrimination within Facebook groups, mismanaged groups and exposure to anti-LGBTQ sentiments. Conclusion Social media is an environment where LGBTQ adolescents can connect, educate and support each other, which may have beneficial effects for this marginalised group. There remain issues with social media including discrimination against and within LGBTQ communities.
Deep learning the slow modes for rare events sampling
Authors: Bonati Luigi , Piccini GiovanniMaria , Parrinello Michele 
Published: October 2021

Significance
The use of enhanced sampling simulations is essential in the study of complex physical, chemical, and biological processes. We devise a procedure that, by combining machine learning and biased simulations, removes the bottlenecks that hinder convergence. This approach allows different types of challenging processes to be studied in a near-blind way, thus extending significantly the scope of atomistic simulations.
Cryo-EM structure of the needle filament tip complex of theSalmonellatype III secretion injectisome
Authors: Guo Emily Z. , Galán Jorge E. 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceMany bacterial pathogens encode type III protein secretion machines, which have the capacity to inject bacterial proteins into host cells to promote virulence. An important component of these machines is the tip complex, a structure located at the end of the needle filament of the secretion machine. This structure is essential for the delivery of effector proteins into host cells. We have used cryoelectron microscopy to visualize at high resolution the tip complex of a type III secretion machine of the bacterial pathogenSalmonellaTyphimurium. This work provides important insight into the assembly and function of type III protein secretion machines and may provide the bases for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases.
A cantilever-based resonator for reconfigurable nanomechanical computing
Authors: Fang Jiawei , Zhang Pengcheng , Yang Rui , Wang Zenghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs silicon transistors face challenges in scaling, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have emerged as a promising candidate for computing due to the ultralow power consumption and high-temperature compatibility. Yet there is still limited research about highly reconfigurable NEMS-based computing devices that integrate multiple functionalities into a single device. In this work, we present the design, simulation, and verification of a cantilever-based NEMS resonator for highly reconfigurable logic functions. Using a single resonator with multiple inputs, the device can be reconfigured to perform AND, OR, XOR, and NOT logic operations, by changing the combination of inputs. We use both DC and AC voltages as inputs, where AC inputs can be used for better reconfigurability, and DC inputs offer higher On/Off ratio. The cantilever structure has low rigidity and large dynamic range, and thus only requires 5 mV of AC drive to achieve relatively large vibration amplitude. This work presents a unique platform where a single NEMS resonator can be used for reconfigurable computing.
Spectral and intensity control of high energy terahertz radiation from bulk liquids
Authors: Rakesh Kumar V , Jana Kamalesh , Dey Indranuj , Chandra Vardhan K , Lad Amit D , Brown Jeffrey M , Gaarde Mette B , Couairon Arnaud , Ravindra Kumar G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High power, broadband terahertz (THz) radiation from liquids, excited by intense, femtosecond 800 nm laser pulses has been demonstrated recently, overturning the long held belief that liquids would not give such emission due to their absorption in the THz region. Given the widespread interest in the use of THz radiation for several applications and the energy and bandwidth limitations of existing sources, liquids are expected to attract great attention in the future. While the emission at tens of microjoules from liquids is very promising, it is important to explore whether control of the THz flux and spectrum is achievable by manipulating the laser or liquid parameters. In this paper we present results on manipulating the spectrum of THz radiation from liquids by chirping the input laser pulse and optimizing the THz output energy by laser chirp as well as optimizing the focal position. We demonstrate tunability by varying the chirp of the laser pulse and show that the THz emission predominantly comes from the region near the end of the liquid path, consistent with the absorption of THz radiation by liquids. This control gives us an opportunity to tune the THz radiation to suit experimental needs. We present simulations that support the results.
Mott transition, magnetic and orbital orders in the ground state of the two-band Hubbard model using variational slave-spin mean field formalism
Authors: Maurya Arun Kumar , Sarder Md Tahir Hossain , Medhi Amal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the ground state phase diagram of the degenerate two-band Hubbard model at integer fillings as a function of onsite Hubbard interaction U and Hund’s exchange coupling J. We use a variational slave-spin mean field method which allows symmetry broken states to be studied within the computationally less intensive slave-spin mean field formalism. The results show that at half-filling, the ground state at smaller U is a Slater antiferromagnet with substantial local charge fluctuations. As U is increased, the antiferromagnetic (AF) state develops a Heisenberg behavior, finally undergoing a first-order transition to a Mott insulating AF state at a critical interaction U
c which is of the order of the bandwidth. Introducing the Hund’s coupling J correlates the system more and reduces U
c drastically. At quarter-filling with one electron per site, the ground state at smaller U is paramagnetic metallic. At finite J, as interaction is increased beyond a lower critical value U
c1, it goes to a fully spin polarized ferromagnetic state coexisting with an antiferro-orbital order. Further increase in U beyond a higher critical value U
c2 results in the Mott insulating state where local charge fluctuation vanishes.
The accuracy of helium ion CT based particle therapy range prediction: an experimental study comparing different particle and x-ray CT modalities
Authors: Volz L , Collins-Fekete C-A , Bär E , Brons S , Graeff C , Johnson R P , Runz A , Sarosiek C , Schulte R W , Seco J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work provides a quantitative assessment of helium ion CT (HeCT) for particle therapy treatment planning. For the first time, HeCT based range prediction accuracy in a heterogeneous tissue phantom is presented and compared to single-energy x-ray CT (SECT), dual-energy x-ray CT (DECT) and proton CT (pCT). HeCT and pCT scans were acquired using the US pCT collaboration prototype particle CT scanner at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center. SECT and DECT scans were done with a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash and converted to RSP. A Catphan CTP404 module was used to study the RSP accuracy of HeCT. A custom phantom of 20 cm diameter containing several tissue equivalent plastic cubes was used to assess the spatial resolution of HeCT and compare it to DECT. A clinically realistic heterogeneous tissue phantom was constructed using cranial slices from a pig head placed inside a cylindrical phantom (ø150 mm). A proton beam (84.67 mm range) depth-dose measurement was acquired using a stack of GafchromicTM EBT-XD films in a central dosimetry insert in the phantom. CT scans of the phantom were acquired with each modality, and proton depth-dose estimates were simulated based on the reconstructions. The RSP accuracy of HeCT for the plastic phantom was found to be 0.3 ± 0.1%. The spatial resolution for HeCT of the cube phantom was 5.9 ± 0.4 lp cm−1 for central, and 7.6 ± 0.8 lp cm−1 for peripheral cubes, comparable to DECT spatial resolution (7.7 ± 0.3 lp cm−1 and 7.4 ± 0.2 lp cm−1, respectively). For the pig head, HeCT, SECT, DECT and pCT predicted range accuracy was 0.25%, −1.40%, −0.45% and 0.39%, respectively. In this study, HeCT acquired with a prototype system showed potential for particle therapy treatment planning, offering RSP accuracy, spatial resolution, and range prediction accuracy comparable to that achieved with a commercial DECT scanner. Still, technical improvements of HeCT are needed to enable clinical implementation.
Comparative analysis of the plasma parameters of ECR and combined ECR + RF discharges in the TOMAS plasma facility
Authors: Kovtun Yu , Wauters T , Goriaev A , Möller S , López-Rodríguez D , Crombé K , Brezinsek S , Dinklage A , Nicolai D , Linsmeier Ch , Van Schoor M , Buermans J , Moon S , Ragona R , Petersson P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The toroidal magnetized system (TOMAS) plasma facility aims at complementary research on wall conditioning methods, plasma production and plasma–surface interaction studies. This paper explores for the first time the parameters in helium electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma and combined ECR + radio-frequency (RF) discharges in TOMAS. The ECR discharge in this work, at 2.45 GHz and 87.6 mT, is the main one for creating and maintaining the plasma, while the addition of RF power at 25 MHz allows to broaden the achievable electron temperature and density at a given gas flow, as evidenced by triple Langmuir probe measurements. This effect of the combined ECR + RF discharge provides flexibility to study particular aspects of wall conditioning techniques relevant to larger devices, or to approach plasma conditions relevant to fusion edge plasmas for particular surface interaction studies.
Low-voltage broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting enabled by a highly-coupled harvester and tunable PSSHI circuit
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Radhakrishna Ujwal , Lang Jeffrey H , Buss Dennis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a system-level design approach for widening the bandwidth and lowering the operating voltage of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system (PVEHS). The proposed strategy involves co-optimization of the two constituent parts: (1) a highly-coupled piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device (PVEHD) and (2) a phase-shift tunable parallel-SSHI (PS-PSSHI) interface power-electronic circuit. First, we analyze the interaction between them to achieve an overall reduction of system voltage and to widen bandwidth. Next, a co-designed system is experimentally demonstrated to validate the analysis. The implemented PVEHS consists of (i) a customized PVEHD designed for high electromechanical coupling and well-separated short-circuit (f
SC) and open-circuit (f
OC) resonances, and (ii) a tunable PS-PSSHI circuit which has an active rectification with low voltage drop to increase system efficiency. The system achieves an output power of 148 µW with a bandwidth of 81 Hz, an increase of 337% compared to conventional full-bridge rectifier. In addition, the system rectification voltage is lowered by 30% which makes it viable to power low-voltage Internet-of-Things sensor nodes.
Novel shape-lockable self-propelling robot with a helical mechanism and tactile sensing for inspecting the large intestine
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Chen Zhiwei , Wang Shuxin , Zuo Siyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a pneumatic colonoscopic robot with tactile sensing and shape-locking abilities. With the integration of a helical rotating propulsion module, a specially designed soft-sensing module, and a wire-tension-based shape-locking module, the proposed robot achieves excellent efficiency, visualization quality, and safety. The propulsion module can generate a helical rotating motion in tubular environments with good adaptivity to rigid, flexible, vertical, and elbow tubes. The sensing module, employing a specially designed soft sensor based on conductive rubber, can monitor the contact status between the robot and the environment to avoid slippage and reduce discomfort to patients. In conjunction with actuating balloons, the shape-locking module can keep the robot in any helical formation, which allows the camera attached to the robot to obtain a stable view. Experimental results show that the robot has great adaptability to tubes of different diameters (26–32 mm) and considerable propelling velocity (as fast as 20 mm s−1 with 30 mm tube diameter). The feasibility and practicability of the sensing module and shape-locking module are also demonstrated. A screening test in a simulated colon tube validates its excellent comprehensive performance and indicates good potential for the proposed robot.
DC modeling and characterization of HTS coils with non uniform current density distribution
Authors: Fawaz Sara , Menana Hocine , Douine Bruno , Queval Loïc 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a fast and realistic approach is proposed for the DC modeling of superconducting coils made of first-generation (1G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, taking into consideration the non-uniformity of the electric current density distribution in the HTS tapes cross-section, by using a power minimization criterion with the dependence of the critical current density on the magnetic flux density (MFD). Integral equations are used to evaluate the MFD, enabling to discretize only the active parts of the system. The model is then combined with an inverse procedure for the characterization of non-inductive HTS coils using measurements.
Negative group delay of reflected Weyl quasiparticles
Authors: Yang Mou , Li Hai-Yan , Wang Rui-Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When an electron is incident from a Weyl material to an insulator and totally reflected, it suffers a reflection group delay and a reflection shift (Goos–Hänchen and/or Imbert–Fedorov shifts). We found the group delay is negative for half of the incident states. The negative group delay does not mean the electron is bounced back before its injection, but is an effective acceleration of the electron near the interface induced by self-interference. The reflection shift orients circulating the points at which the surface-bulk state transition occurs. The reflection shift and the group delay cause velocity correction of the bound states in the Weyl material sandwiched by two insulators. The velocity correction features induced by the negative group delay were verified by a tight-binding calculation, in which the concept of group delay is not used.