bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clogging sensitivity of flow distributors designed for radially elongated hexagonal pillar array columns: a computational modelling
Authors: Haghighi Farideh , Talebpour Zahra , Sanati-Nezhad Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlow distributor located at the beginning of the micromachined pillar array column (PAC) has significant roles in uniform distribution of flow through separation channels and thus separation efficiency. Chip manufacturing artifacts, contaminated solvents, and complex matrix of samples may contribute to clogging of the microfabricated channels, affect the distribution of the sample, and alter the performance of both natural and engineered systems. An even fluid distribution must be achieved cross-sectionally through careful design of flow distributors and minimizing the sensitivity to clogging in order to reach satisfactory separation efficiency. Given the difficulty to investigate experimentally a high number of clogging conditions and geometries, this work exploits a computational fluid dynamic model to investigate the effect of various design parameters on the performance of flow distributors in equally spreading the flow along the separation channels in the presence of different degrees of clogging. An array of radially elongated hexagonal pillars was selected for the separation channel (column). The design parameters include channel width, distributor width, aspect ratio of the pillars, and number of contact zone rows. The performance of known flow distributors, including bifurcating (BF), radially interconnected (RI), and recently introduced mixed-mode (MMI) in addition to two new distributors designed in this work (MMII and MMIII) were investigated in terms of mean elution time, volumetric variance, asymmetry factors, and pressure drop between the inlet and the monitor line for each design. The results show that except for pressure drop, the channel width and aspect ratio of the pillars has no significant influence on flow distribution pattern in non-clogged distributors. However, the behavior of flow distributors in response to clogging was found to be dependent on width of the channels. Also increasing the distributor width and number of contact zone rows after the first splitting stage showed no improvement in the ability to alleviate the clogging. MMI distributor with the channel width of 3 µm, aspect ratio of the pillars equal to 20, number of exits of 8, and number of contact zones of 3 exhibited the highest stability and minimum sensitivity to different degrees of clogging.
Expansion of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata in the Western Indian Ocean launched contrasting genetic patterns
Authors: Triest Ludwig , Van der Stocken Tom , De Ryck Dennis , Kochzius Marc , Lorent Sophie , Ngeve Magdalene , Ratsimbazafy Hajaniaina Andrianavalonarivo , Sierens Tim , van der Ven Rosa , Koedam Nico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEstimates of population structure and gene flow allow exploring the historical and contemporary processes that determine a species’ biogeographic pattern. In mangroves, large-scale genetic studies to estimate gene flow have been conducted predominantly in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic region. Here we examine the genetic diversity and connectivity of Rhizophora mucronata across a > 3,000 km coastal stretch in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) including WIO islands. Based on 359 trees from 13 populations and using 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci we detected genetic breaks between populations of the (1) East African coastline, (2) Mozambique Channel Area (3) granitic Seychelles, and (4) Aldabra and northern Madagascar. Genetic structure, diversity levels, and patterns of inferred connectivity, aligned with the directionality of major ocean currents, driven by bifurcation of the South Equatorial Current, northward into the East African Coastal Current and southward into the Mozambique Channel Area. A secondary genetic break between nearby populations in the Delagoa Bight coincided with high inbreeding levels and fixed loci. Results illustrate how oceanographic processes can connect and separate mangrove populations regardless of geographic distance.
Exploring targeting peptide-shell interactions in encapsulin nanocompartments
Authors: Altenburg Wiggert J. , Rollins Nathan , Silver Pamela A. , Giessen Tobias W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEncapsulins are recently discovered protein compartments able to specifically encapsulate cargo proteins in vivo. Encapsulation is dependent on C-terminal targeting peptides (TPs). Here, we characterize and engineer TP-shell interactions in the Thermotoga maritima and Myxococcus xanthus encapsulin systems. Using force-field modeling and particle fluorescence measurements we show that TPs vary in native specificity and binding strength, and that TP-shell interactions are determined by hydrophobic and ionic interactions as well as TP flexibility. We design a set of TPs with a variety of predicted binding strengths and experimentally characterize these designs. This yields a set of TPs with novel binding characteristics representing a potentially useful toolbox for future nanoreactor engineering aimed at controlling cargo loading efficiency and the relative stoichiometry of multiple concurrently loaded cargo proteins.
Short- and midterm outcome of ruptured and unruptured intracerebral wide-necked aneurysms with microsurgical treatment
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Seifert Volker , Dubinski Daniel , Kashefiolasl Sepide , Dinc Nazife , Bruder Markus , Konczalla Juergen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo clip or coil has been matter of debates for several years and is the domain of interdisciplinary decision making. However, the microsurgical outcome has still been elusive concerning wide neck aneurysms (WNA). A retrospective single center study was performed with all patients with ruptured WNA (rWNA) and unruptured WNA (uWNA) admitted to author´s institute between 2007–2017. Microsurgical outcome was evaluated according to Raymond-Roy occlusion grade and follow-up angiography was performed to analyze the stability of neck/aneurysm remnants and retreatment poverty. Of 805 aneurysms, 139 were rWNA (17.3%) and 148 uWNA (18.4%). Complete occlusion was achieved in 102 of 139 rWNA (73.4%) and 112 of 148 uWNA (75.6%). Neck remnants were observed in 36 patients with rWNA (25.9%) and 30 patients with uWNA (20.3%), 1 (0.7%) and 6 (4.1%) patients had aneurysmal remnant, respectively. Overall complication rate was 11.5%. At follow-up (939/1504 months), all remnants were stable except for one, which was further conservatively treated with marginal retreatment rate under 1%. Even the risk of de-novo aneurysm was higher than the risk for remnant growth (2.6% vs 0% in rWNA; 8.7% vs 5.3% in uWNA) without significant difference. Microsurgical clipping is effective for complete occlusion of r/uWNA with low complication. Furthermore, the risk of remnant growth is marginal even lower than the risk of de-novo rate low retreatment rate.
A Japanese prospective multicenter study of urinary oxysterols in biliary atresia
Authors: Konishi Ken-ichiro , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Takei Hajime , Yasuda Ryosuke , Sakaguchi Hirotaka , Ishihara Jun , Takaki Yugo , Kinoshita Masahiro , Hashizume Naoki , Fukahori Suguru , Shoji Hiromichi , Miyano Go , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Matsuura Toshiharu , Sanada Yukihiro , Tainaka Takahisa , Uchida Hiroo , Kubo Yumiko , Tanaka Hiromu , Sasaki Hideyuki , Murai Tsuyoshi , Fujishiro Jun , Yamashita Yushiro , Nio Masaki , Nittono Hiroshi , Kimura Akihiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) can involve uncertainties. In the present prospective multicenter study, we considered whether urinary oxysterols represent a useful marker for diagnosis of BA in Japanese children. Subjects under 6 months old at 7 pediatric centers in Japan were prospectively enrolled, including patients with cholestasis and healthy controls (HC) without liver disease. Patients with cholestasis constituted 2 groups representing BA patients and others with cholestasis from other causes (non-BA). We quantitatively analyzed 7 oxysterols including 4β-, 20(S)-, 22(S)-, 22(R)-, 24(S)-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Enrolled subjects included 14 with BA (median age 68 days; range 26–170) and 10 non-BA cholestatic controls (59; 14–162), as well as 10 HC (57; 25–120). Total urinary oxysterols were significantly greater in BA (median, 153.0 μmol/mol creatinine; range 24.1–486.7; P < 0.001) and non-BA (36.2; 5.8–411.3; P < 0.05) than in HC (2.7; 0.8–7.6). In patients with BA, urinary 27-hydroxycholesterol (3.61; 0.42–11.09; P < 0.01) was significantly greater than in non-BA (0.71; 0–5.62). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for distinguishing BA from non-BA, the area under the ROC curve for urinary 27-hydroxycholesterol was 0.83. In conclusion, this first report of urinary oxysterol analysis in patients with BA indicated that 27-hydroxycholesterol may be a useful marker for distinguishing BA from other causes of neonatal cholestasis.
Roles of anthropogenic forcings in the observed trend of decreasing late-summer precipitation over the East Asian transitional climate zone
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Gong Hainan , Ma Tianjiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObservations indicate that late-summer precipitation over the East Asian transitional climate zone (TCZ) showed a pronounced decreasing trend during 1951–2005. This study examines the relative contributions of anthropogenic [including anthropogenic aerosol (AA) and greenhouse gas (GHG)] and natural forcings to the drying trend of the East Asian TCZ based on simulations from CMIP5. The results indicate that AA forcing plays a dominant role in contributing to the drying trend of the TCZ. AA forcing weakens the East Asian summer monsoon via reducing the land-sea thermal contrast, which induces strong low-level northerly anomalies over eastern China, suppresses water vapor transport from southern oceans and results in drier conditions over the TCZ. In contrast, GHG forcing leads to a wetting trend in the TCZ by inducing southerly wind anomalies, thereby offsetting the effect of the AA forcing. Natural forcing has a weak impact on the drying trend of the TCZ due to the weak response of atmospheric anomalies.
Mice lacking PLAP-1/asporin counteracts high fat diet-induced metabolic disorder and alveolar bone loss by controlling adipose tissue expansion
Authors: Sakashita Hiromi , Yamada Satoru , Kinoshita Masaki , Kajikawa Tetsuhiro , Iwayama Tomoaki , Murakami Shinya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdipose tissue fibrosis with chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity-related metabolic disorders, and the role of proteoglycans in developing adipose tissue fibrosis is of interest. Periodontal disease is associated with obesity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the roles of periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1)/asporin, a proteoglycan preferentially and highly expressed in the periodontal ligament, in obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction and adipocyte differentiation. It was found that PLAP-1 is also highly expressed in white adipose tissues. Plap-1 knock-out mice counteracted obesity and alveolar bone resorption induced by a high-fat diet. Plap-1 knock-down in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in less lipid accumulation, and recombinant PLAP-1 enhanced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, it was found that primary preadipocytes isolated from Plap-1 knock-out mice showed lesser lipid accumulation than the wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the stromal vascular fraction of Plap-1 knock-out mice showed different extracellular matrix gene expression patterns compared to WT. These findings demonstrate that PLAP-1 enhances adipogenesis and could be a key molecule in understanding the association between periodontal disease and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Clustering of eyes with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid spectrum diseases based on choroidal thickness profile
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Boram , Kang Edward , Oh Jaeryung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChoroidal changes have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of both age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pachychoroid spectrum diseases (PSD). To find out the choroidal characteristics of each disease groups, various groups of AMD and PSD were classified into several clusters according to choroidal profiles based on subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), peripapillary CT, the ratio of subfoveal CT to peripapillary CT and age. We retrospectively analyzed 661 eyes, including 190 normal controls and 471 with AMD or PSDs. In the AMD groups, eyes with soft drusen or reticular pseudodrusen were belonged to the same cluster as those with classic exudative AMD (all p < 0.001). However, eyes with pachydrusen were not clustered with eyes from other AMD groups; instead, they were classified in the same cluster as eyes from the PSD group (all p < 0.001). In the PSD group, eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy were grouped in the same cluster of those with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (p < 0.001). The cluster analysis based on the CT profiles, including subfoveal CT, peripapillary CT, and their ratio, revealed a clustering pattern of eyes with AMD and PSDs. These findings support the suggestion that pachydrusen has the common pathogenesis as PSD.
Misplacement of something inside the refrigerator is not a sign of dementia, but a probable symptom of attention deficit due to depression
Authors: Suh Jeewon , Park So Young , Park Young Ho , Pyun Jung-Min , Ryoo Na-young , Kang Min Ju , Kim SangYun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of a specific behavior of misplacing items in a refrigerator (i.e., placing extremely unusual things such as remote control and/or cellular phone in a refrigerator) as a symptom of cognitive dysfunction. Patients with memory complaints were asked whether they ever experienced misplacing items in a refrigerator, such as placing a remote control, a cellular phone, or other extremely unusual things inside a refrigerator (referred to as the ‘fridge sign’). Among the 2172 individuals with memory complaints, 55 (2.5%) experienced symptoms of the ‘fridge sign’. We investigated the cognitive profiles of ‘fridge sign’-positive patients and performed follow-up evaluations with neuropsychological tests or telephone interviews. The ‘fridge sign’ was mostly found in individuals diagnosed as subjective cognitive decline (n = 33, 60%) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 20, 36.4%) with depressive mood and was relatively rare in dementia states (n = 2, 3.5%). Moreover, none of the ‘fridge sign’-positive patients showed significant cognitive decline over the follow-up period. We compared the cognitive profiles and the clinical progression of 20 ‘fridge sign’-positive MCI patients and 40 ‘fridge sign’-negative MCI patients. ‘Fridge sign’-positive MCI patients had worse scores on the Stroop test color reading and had higher scores on the geriatric depression scale than ‘fridge sign’-negative MCI patients, which indicates that the ‘fridge sign’ could be indicative of selective attention deficit in patients with depression rather than indicative of cognitive decline related to dementia.
Komplikationen von Implantaten der weiblichen Brust in der MRT
Authors: Fischer Uwe , Said Hafiez 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBei Brustimplantaten unterscheidet man frühe postoperative (Nachblutung, Wundinfektion und Heilungsstörung) von späteren (Rotation, Hernierung, Kapsulitis, Kapselfibrose) und sehr späten Komplikationen (Gelbluten, intra- und extrakapsuläre Ruptur). Unabhängig davon können externe Kräfte in jeder Phase zu einer Ruptur des Implantates führen. Der MRT kommt beim Nachweis aller Veränderungen und Komplikationen eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
„Allowing the data to ‚speak for themselves‘“– Die Klassifikation psychischer Störungen und das Imaginäre der computationalen Psychiatrie
Authors: Rüppel Jonas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Mittelpunkt dieses Artikels stehen Hoffnungen und Erwartungen, die angesichts der gegenwärtigen „Krise der psychiatrischen Diagnostik“ diskursiv mit computationalen Technologien verknüpft werden. Auf der Grundlage von Dokumentenanalysen, qualitativen Expertinneninterviews sowie ergänzenden Labor- und Konferenzethnografien wird die Fiktion eines „unvoreingenommenen Blicks“ herausgearbeitet. Demnach haben die Verfahren der „Künstlichen Intelligenz“ das Potenzial, die Tatsachen selbst zur Sprache kommen zu lassen. Da jedoch auch die „datengetriebene“ Forschung von konzeptuellen und normativen Entscheidungen durchzogen ist, droht diese Vorstellung, epistemische Hierarchisierungen und ontologischen Priorisierungen zu verdecken. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird für eine Position argumentiert, die Abhängigkeiten und Selektivitäten nicht negiert, sondern zum Gegenstand einer offensiven Debatte macht.
Diagnostik und Therapie rund um die Uhr? Künstliche Intelligenz als Herausforderung und Chance für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Schnell Knut , Stein Miriam 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Der Artikel soll ein grundsätzliches Verständnis der neu entstandenen Potenziale von KI-Anwendungen und dadurch entstehende Anforderungen an Psychiaterinnen und Psychiater in der Gegenwart und für die Entwicklung der Praxisumgebung der Zukunft ermöglichen. Psychiaterinnen und Psychiater werden in ihrer zukünftigen Praxis verstehen müssen, wie KI-Systeme und personalisierte KI-Assistenten in Therapiesystemen und als Teil der normalen Lebensrealität ihrer Patienten funktionieren.
Methode Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Grundkategorien und Anwendungsfelder von KI und Machine Learning in Diagnostik, Prävention und Therapie psychischer Störungen.
Ergebnisse KI-Anwendungen werden die Prävention, Diagnose und Behandlung sowie das ätiologische Grundverständnis psychischer Störungen neu prägen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die Therapie psychischer Störungen erheblich durch kommerzielle Produktentwicklungen und Assistenzsysteme außerhalb des medizinischen Systems geprägt wird, da hier die entsprechenden Entwicklungen auf größeren Datenmengen und deutlich geringeren Restriktionen basieren.
Schlussfolgerung Psychiaterinnen und Psychiater sollten den Einsatz von KI-Systemen aktiv mitgestalten, da sonst die Kompetenzen zum Nachteil der Patienten und langfristig auch der Behandler in ein primäres Feld außerhalb des medizinischen Systems verlagert werden könnten.
Psychotherapie mit einer autonomen Künstlichen Intelligenz – Ethische Chancen und Herausforderungen
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Authors: Kuhn Eva , Fiske Amelia , Henningsen Peter , Buyx Alena 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Dieser Beitrag bietet eine Zusammenschau ethischer Aspekte, die beim Einsatz einer autonomen, virtuellen oder verkörperten Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) in der Gesundheitsversorgung psychisch Erkrankter tangiert sind.
Methodik Die Zusammenschau basiert auf einer thematischen Literaturrecherche. Sie orientiert sich an der Prinzipienethik und wird durch das Konzept der epistemischen (Un-)Gerechtigkeit erweitert.
Ergebnis Neben der Chancen-Risiken-Abwägung sind die (digitale) Gesundheitskompetenz, Zugangsgerechtigkeit, Fragen der Unter- oder Fehlversorgung sowie eine Anpassung der informierten Einwilligung in den Blick zu nehmen.
Schlussfolgerung Die ethische Beurteilung autonomer KI in der Psychotherapie ist weiterhin ergebnisoffen; zu viele klinische, ethische, rechtliche und praktische Fragen sind noch zu klären. Vor der Implementierung müssen Gütekriterien für die KI-Anwendung sowie Leitlinien für ihren klinischen Einsatz entwickelt werden.
Ethische Aspekte co-intelligenter Assistenztechnologien in der Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Schweda Mark , Schicktanz Silke 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIntelligente technische Assistenzsysteme werden zunehmend als Lösung für die Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz diskutiert. Der Beitrag betrachtet zentrale ethische Herausforderungen des Einsatzes derartiger Assistenzsysteme. Dabei konzentriert er sich auf Fragen der Privatheit und des Empowerments.
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in human breast milk post-vaccination
Authors: Baird Jill K. , Jensen Shawn M. , Urba Walter J. , Fox Bernard A. , Baird Jason R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has infected over a hundred million people worldwide, with almost 2.5 million deaths at the date of this publication. In the United States, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were first administered to the public starting in December 2020, and no lactating women were included in the initial trials of safety/efficacy. Research on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactating women and the potential transmission of passive immunity to the infant through breast milk is needed to guide patients, clinicians and policy makers during the worldwide effort to curb the spread of this virus.ObjectiveTo determine whether SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobins are found in breast milk post-vaccination, and to characterize the time course and types of immunoglobulins present.DesignProspective cohort studySettingProvidence Portland Medical Center, Oregon, USAParticipantsSix lactating women who planned to receive both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine between December 2020 and January 2021. Breast milk samples were collected pre-vaccination and at 11 additional timepoints, with last sample at 14 days post 2nd dose of vaccine.ExposureTwo doses of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG immunoglobulins in breast milk.ResultsIn this cohort of 6 lactating women who received 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we observed significantly elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in breast milk beginning at Day 7 after the initial vaccine dose, with an IgG-dominant response.Conclusions and RelevanceWe are the first to show that maternal vaccination results in SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins in breast milk that may be protective for infants.