bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Magnetic‐Driven Switchable Adhesive Superhydrophobic Surface for In Situ Sliding Control of Superparamagnetic Microdroplets
Authors: Hu Dongdong , Lai Hua , Cheng Zhongjun , Song Yingbin , Luo Xin , Zhang Dongjie , Fan Zhimin , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDroplet manipulation plays an important role in many fields, and smart adhesion control on superhydrophobic surfaces is widely accepted as an effective strategy. However, some imperfections such as long response time and deformable elastic materials are still difficult to be avoided for existing methods. Herein, a new strategy is reported to reversibly control the surface adhesion and droplet's sliding without the change of surface chemistry and microstructure. A novel superhydrophobic surface is prepared by integrating a substrate with a certain size of NdFeB magnetic region and a hydrophobic SiO2 coating. The magnetic region on the surface is highly adhesive, which can pin a superparamagnetic droplet tightly. As an external magnet (EM) with opposite direction of magnetic flow to the NdFeB magnetic region is put above the droplet, the droplet rolls off as the surface is tilted, indicating that the high adhesive region has turned into the low adhesive state and in situ droplet's sliding control is realized. After removing the EM, the magnetic region on the surface can regain the high adhesion, demonstrating an excellent controllability. Finally, based on the smart controllability, the surface with several magnetic regions is designed and on‐demand storage/release control of different droplets is demonstrated.
Manifold Mechanical Deformations of Organic Crystals with Optical Waveguiding and Polarization Rotation Functions
Authors: Tang Baolei , Yu Xu , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough manifold flexible organic crystals with various kinds of mechanical properties have been reported recently, most of them only possess a single one that is either plastic or elastic. It is because different mechanical deformations require distinct packing structures and intermolecular interactions. Given that the organic crystal has an anisotropic physical nature it is possible but challenging to combine multiple mechanical deformation capabilities into one single crystal. Herein, based on a known organic molecule (Z)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐2‐phenylacrylonitrile (DPPC), a single crystal is obtained that exhibits three different mechanical properties, namely, elastic bending, thermoplastic bending and plastic twisting deformation. Notably, the unique DPPC crystal could serve as a quite good optical waveguiding medium in the straight, elastically bent and thermoplastic bent states. The crystals are also successfully applied for tuning the polarization direction of the light emitting from the crystal, and thus confirm the famous prediction that twisted crystals can tune polarization direction as liquid crystals do proposed by C. Mauguin in 1911. This study not only has scientific significance in guiding flexibility engineering but also provides a model of flexible organic crystals for multifunctional application in optical devices.
Fluorescence–Phosphorescence Manipulation and Atom Probe Observation of Fully Inorganic Silver Quantum Clusters: Imitating from and Behaving beyond Organic Hosts
Authors: Zheng Wenyan , Zhou Bo , Ren Zhijun , Xu Xiuxia , Yang Guang , Qiao Xvsheng , Yan Dongpeng , Qian Guodong , Fan Xianping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSilver quantum clusters (Ag QCs) have attracted great attention due to their unique electronic structure and molecule‐like photoluminescence (PL). Applications in catalysis, biology, and optoelectronics have already been realized, however, the understanding of PL mechanism and direct observation of Ag QCs still remain challenging. Here, fully inorganic Ag QCs well stabilized in the borate glass with simultaneous excellent chemical stability, tunable PL emission, and high quantum yield are prepared. And the PL properties of Ag QCs respond drastically to changes of the embedding environment, displaying pronounced fluorescence to phosphorescence (F‐P) switching. Combining the structural and spectral analysis, it is found that the F‐P switching is triggered by the Ag QCs aggregation and [BO3]→[BO4]− conversion of the borate network. Using atom probe tomography enables to quantitatively characterize the evolution of Ag QCs at an atomic level, which reveals that Ag QCs consisting of less than 20 atoms are responsible for the observed PL.
Triplet Exciton Enhanced Radioluminescence of Ga3+/Tb3+ Metallacrown Scintillators for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Chen Zi , Lu Dongdong , Xie Hangqing , Yang Xiaolei , Li Yang , Bao Chenhao , Lei Lei , Xu Shiqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increasing demand for radiation detection in many applications has led to demanding requirements for scintillators. Realizing low‐dose, pollution‐free, and reliable X‐ray detection has become a key technical challenge. Here, a triplet‐enhanced lanthanide radioluminescence (RL) material Ga3+/Tb3+ metallacrowns (Tb‐1) is reported. This Tb‐1 crystal emits bright green luminescence under ultraviolet light or X‐ray excitation, and the emission intensity is 286 and 242 times that of Tb3+ in inorganic salt, respectively. Tb‐1 crystal is further passivated by trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and the enhanced RL intensity is equivalent to that of commercial Tl‐doped cesium iodide scintillator. In addition, RL of Tb‐1–TOPO has an extremely narrow full width at half maximum and an excellent linear response to the X‐ray dose rate. The detection limit is calculated to be 0.146 μGy s−1, which is 38 times lower than typical medical imaging doses. Triplet‐enhanced lanthanide RL provides new ideas for replacing scintillators that require high temperature synthesis processes such as inorganic phosphors and ceramics, and provides a new alternative scintillator material for flexible X‐ray monitoring, bioimaging, radiotherapy, and other applications.
Site‐Selective 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics for Constructing Vinylidene Heterocycles
Authors: He Qianlin , Zhong Mingli , Chen Zhichao , Liao Chuyi , Xie Feng , Zhu Zhongzhi , Chen Xiuwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA one‐pot protocol for constructing 1,4‐difunctionalized quinoline/pyridine derivatives via the reaction of N‐heteroaromatics, alkyl halides, and active methylene/methyl compounds was developed. The transformation involves dearomative functionalization of an in situ‐activated N‐heteroaromatic to construct new C−N and C=C bonds. This reaction has a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance.magnified image
Enantiodivergent Reaction of Ketimines with Malononitriles Using Single Cinchona Alkaloid Sulfonamide Catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Matsumoto Natsuki , Kibe Masato , Abe Kazuki , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the enantiodivergent reaction of ketimines derived from α‐ketoesters with malononitriles using a single chiral source. The reactions using an 8‐quinolinesulfonyl cinchona alkaloid catalyst in the presence and absence of Et2Zn gave both enantiomers in high yields with high enantioselectivities (53∼99% yield, 99:1∼3:97 er). The obtained malononitrile‐derived α‐amino acids were converted into various optically active compounds. A reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the observed enantiodivergency.magnified image
Efficient Method to Catch Adsorption Behavior: Understanding the Effect of Sodium Ions on Benzene/Thiophene Adsorption in Na‐FAU
Authors: Zhou Xinming , Su Li , Si Fang , Wang Yajun , Zhang Tianhao , Wang Youhe , Yang Chaohe , Fu Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are applied to study the adsorption performance of thiophene and benzene. Pure adsorption and binary adsorption are performed in all silica faujasite (FAU) and Na‐FAU zeolite combined with density distributions and radial distribution functions (RDF). A new method to describe the adsorption mechanism in FAU has been proposed. One adsorbate is fixed in the center of 12 ring (12C) or the center of supercage (CSC) as the reference point. Then, RDFs represent the probability to find other adsorbates in a shell at the distance r of the reference point. Thus, the adsorption sites appeared are obtained as several ring shape areas. The intersection points, especially with high occurrence possibilities, is regarded as the main adsorption sites, showing good agreement with density distribution. Comparing RDFs of sorbate‐12C and the location of Na ions, the curve of thiophene‐12C and the curve of Na‐12C overlap can be found, which means thiophene prefers to adsorb around Na ions. On this point, the reason why the separation property of Na‐FAU zeolites is better than that of all silica FAU zeolites can be clearly explained.
Abnormal Electromechanical Property of Nonlinearly Graded Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Lich Le Van , Bui Tinh Quoc , Shimada Takahiro , Kitamura Takayuki , Hong Hue Dang Thi , Nguyen Trong‐Giang , Dinh Van‐Hai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA phase field model for nonlinearly graded ferroelectric thin films is developed based on the Ginzburg–Landau theory. The developed phase field model is validated by comparing simulated results and available experiment data. Via phase field simulations, effects of gradient index on polarization field and electromechanical response are systematically investigated. Anomalously large electromechanical responses are explored in nonlinearly graded ferroelectric thin films made of BaSrxTiO3, where SrTiO3 mole fraction varies across the film thickness according to power‐law relationships. In addition, a large gradient of polarization can be stabilized in graded ferroelectric thin films, where both magnitude and gradient of polarization can be manipulated by controlling the gradient index of thin films. The remarkable enhancement of electromechanical properties originates from the large gradient of polarization in thin films, which makes the polarization field more susceptible to external excitation. An optimal gradient index for maximizing the electromechanical response is also identified. Furthermore, a consideration of energy properties of graded thin films suggests that both energy storage density and charge–discharge efficiency increase with increasing gradient index of thin films.
Novel Li3VO4 Nanostructures Grown in Highly Efficient Microwave Irradiation Strategy and Their In‐Situ Lithium Storage Mechanism
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Chunsheng , Yang Chen , Dai Guoliang , Li Lin , Hu Zhe , Wang Didi , Liang Yaru , Li Yuanliang , Wang Yunxiao , Xu Yanfei , Zhao Yuzhen , Liu Huakun , Chou Shulei , Zhu Zhu , Wang Miaomiao , Zhu Jiahao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe investigation of novel growth mechanisms for electrodes and the understanding of their in situ energy storage mechanisms remains major challenges in rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a novel mechanism for the growth of high‐purity diversified Li3VO4 nanostructures (including hollow nanospheres, uniform nanoflowers, dispersed hollow nanocubes, and ultrafine nanowires) has been developed via a microwave irradiation strategy. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and in situ transmission electron microscope observations are applied to gain deep insight into the intermediate Li3+xVO4 and Li3+yVO4 phases during the lithiation/delithiation mechanism. The first‐principle calculations show that lithium ions migrate into the nanosphere wall rapidly along the (100) plane. Furthermore, the Li3VO4 hollow nanospheres deliver an outstanding reversible capacity (299.6 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent cycling stability (a capacity retention of 99.0% after 500 cycles) at 200 mA g−1. The unique nanostructure offers a high specific surface area and short diffusion path, leading to fast thermal/kinetic reaction behavior, and preventing undesirable volume expansion during long‐term cycling.
Elaborately Engineering a Self‐Indicating Dual‐Drug Nanoassembly for Site‐Specific Photothermal‐Potentiated Thrombus Penetration and Thrombolysis
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhang Xuanbo , Zhang Hongyuan , Shan Xinzhu , Bai Meiyu , Wang Zhe , Yang Fujun , Zhang Haotian , Kan Qiming , Sun Bingjun , Sun Jin , He Zhonggui , Luo Cong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThrombotic cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases seriously threaten human health. Currently, conventional thrombolytic treatments are challenged by the low utilization, inferior thrombus penetration, and high off‐target bleeding risks of most thrombolytic drugs, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Herein, it is proposed that these challenges can be overcome by precisely integrating the conventional thrombolytic strategy with photothermal therapy. After co‐assembly engineering optimization, a fibrin‐targeting peptide‐decorated nanoassembly of DiR (a photothermal probe) and ticagrelor (TGL, an antiplatelet drug) is prepared for thrombus‐homing delivery, abbreviated as FT‐DT NPs. The elaborately engineered nanoassembly shows multiple advantages, including simple preparation with high drug co‐loading capacity, synchronous delivery of two drugs with long systemic circulation, thrombus‐targeted accumulation with self‐indicating function, as well as photothermal‐potentiated thrombus penetration and thrombolysis with high therapeutic efficacy. As expected, FT‐DT NPs not only show bright fluorescence signals in the embolized vessels, but also perform photothermal/antiplatelet synergistic thrombolysis in vivo. This study offers a simple and versatile co‐delivery nanoplatform for imaging‐guided photothermal/antiplatelet dual‐modality thrombolysis.
WSe2 N‐Type Negative Capacitance Field‐Effect Transistor with Indium Low Schottky Barrier Contact
Authors: Dong Jianguo , Sheng Zhe , Yu Rui , Hu Wennan , Wang Yue , Sun Haoran , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng , Zhang Zengxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors, the subthreshold slope (SS) is limited by the Boltzmann distribution and the loss of gate control with the miniaturization of integrated circuits being an insurmountable ceiling for the huge demand of low‐power, high‐density electronic devices. Negative capacitance field‐effect transistors (NC‐FETs) may provide a promising solution to break the SS limit, and 2D semiconductors should give a possibility to prolong the miniaturization of the device size for the excellent gate control ability. Here, using indium as source/drain contact and ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide as gate dielectric, a WSe2 N‐type NC‐FET is achieved that is of a steep SS as low as 12.7 mV dec−1 and the current on/off ratio up to 109. The indium with low work function results in a pretty small Schottky barrier of 29.9 meV to the N‐type WSe2. An inverter is integrated based on the fabricated NC‐FET and a resistor load, which exhibited a high gain of ≈4.5 at VDD of 1.5 V. This device should complement the previously reported WSe2 P‐type NC‐FETs and offer a possible approach for homogeneously integrated CMOS circuits with ultralow power consumption.
Observation of the Pinch‐Off Effect during Electrostatically Gating the Metal‐Insulator Transition
Authors: Yajima Takeaki , Toriumi Akira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrostatically controlling material phases has been a long‐standing challenge. While it is partially achieved by electrostatic gating with ionic liquid, it often involves unintended chemical reactions. In this sense, it has recently attracted tremendous attention that a solid‐state electrostatic gating is successfully applied to insulator‐metal transition by using ultrahigh‐permittivity gate dielectrics. However, the detailed characteristics of this new class of device are totally unknown. Here, systematic studies are performed on the three‐terminal device using VO2 insulator‐metal transition and TiO2 gate dielectrics, and for the first time the pinch‐off effect in phase transition devices is observed, a clear sign of electrostatic gating. Furthermore, the increase in the drain voltage has a “catalytic effect” of drastically sharpening the gate‐induced transition, demonstrating a 0.1 V gate control. The characteristics are simulated by a quasi‐equilibrium model, providing the firm ground for electrical control of material phases with high speed and high resolution.
Position‐Induced Efficient Doping for Highly Doped Organic Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Min Jiwoo , Kim Daegun , Han Se Gyo , Park Chaneui , Lim Hyungsub , Sung Woong , Cho Kilwon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrical doping is essentially required for high‐performance organic thermoelectric (TE) materials; however, the doping efficiency ηd has not been extensively investigated in highly doped organic semiconductors (OSCs). Here, it is demonstrated that the distribution of dopant molecules in a specific position in highly doped OSCs affects the ηd, which is critically related to the Seebeck coefficient S and the electrical conductivity σ. Poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) films are p‐doped with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) by either solution‐sequential (SSq) doping or vapor doping. SSq doping deposited F4TCNQ only in the amorphous domains of PBTTT films, whereas vapor doping deposited it in both the amorphous and crystalline domains. F4TCNQ molecules in the crystalline domains exhibited a high ηd and led to a rapid increase of the power factor with increasing σ: S2σ ∝ σ0.76. These results provide guidance for the efficient doping of highly doped OSCs and emphasize the importance of doping efficiency in obtaining high‐performance organic TE materials.
An infant with congenital respiratory insufficiency and diaphragmatic paralysis: A novel BICD2 phenotype?
Authors: Chin Hui‐Lin , Huynh Stephanie , Ashkani Jahanshah , Castaldo Michael , Dixon Katherine , Selby Kathryn , Shen Yaoqing , Wright Marie , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Hendson Glenda , Jones Steven J. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonoallelic pathogenic variants in BICD2 are associated with autosomal dominant Spinal Muscular Atrophy Lower Extremity Predominant 2A and 2B (SMALED2A, SMALED2B). As part of the cellular vesicular transport, complex BICD2 facilitates the flow of constitutive secretory cargoes from the trans‐Golgi network, and its dysfunction results in motor neuron loss. The reported phenotypes among patients with SMALED2A and SMALED2B range from a congenital onset disorder of respiratory insufficiency, arthrogryposis, and proximal or distal limb weakness to an adult‐onset disorder of limb weakness and contractures. We report an infant with congenital respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation, congenital diaphragmatic paralysis, decreased lung volume, and single finger camptodactyly. The infant displayed appropriate antigravity limb movements but had radiological, electrophysiological, and histopathological evidence of myopathy. Exome sequencing and long‐read whole‐genome sequencing detected a novel de novo BICD2 variant (NM_001003800.1:c.[1543G>A];[=]). This is predicted to encode p.(Glu515Lys); p.Glu515 is located in the coiled‐coil 2 mutation hotspot. We hypothesize that this novel phenotype of diaphragmatic paralysis without clear appendicular muscle weakness and contractures of large joints is a presentation of BICD2‐related disease.
Exploring the genetic overlap of suicide‐related behaviors and substance use disorders
Authors: Colbert Sarah M. C. , Hatoum Alexander S. , Shabalin Andrey , Li Qingqin S. , Coon Hilary , Nelson Elliot C. , Agrawal Arpana , Docherty Anna R. , Johnson Emma C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSuicide‐related behaviors are heterogeneous and transdiagnostic, and may demonstrate varying levels of genetic overlap with different substance use disorders (SUDs). We used linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic structural equation models, and Mendelian randomization to examine the genetic relationships between several SUDs and suicide‐related behaviors. Our analyses incorporated summary statistics from the largest genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of problematic alcohol use, the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence, cannabis use disorder, and opioid use disorder (Ns ranging from 46,213–435,563) and GWAS of ever self‐harmed, suicide attempt, and suicide death (Ns ranging from 18,223–117,733). We also accounted for genetic liability to depression (N = 500,199) and risk tolerance (N = 315,894). Suicide‐related behaviors were significantly genetically correlated with each other and each SUD, but there was little evidence of causal relationships between the traits. Simultaneously correlating a common SUD factor with each specific suicide indicator while controlling for depression and risk tolerance revealed significant, positive genetic correlations between the SUD factor and suicide‐related behaviors (rg = 0.26–0.45, SE = 0.08–0.09). In the model, depression's association with suicide death (β = 0.42, SE = 0.06) was weaker compared to ever‐self harmed and suicide attempt (β = 0.58, SE = 0.05 and β = 0.50, SE = 0.06, respectively). We identify a general level of genetic overlap between SUDs and suicide‐related behaviors, which is independent of depression and risk tolerance. Additionally, our findings suggest that genetic and behavioral contributions to suicide death may somewhat differ from nonlethal suicide‐related behaviors.
Three‐Component Vicinal Sulfonamination of Alkynes toward 3‐Sulfonylindoles via the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Jian , Zhai Yongheng , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA convenient and efficient three‐component transformation of 2‐alkynyl arylazides, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates and sodium metabisulfite has been developed under mild and transition‐metal‐free conditions. Sodium metabisulfite which is cheap, easily available and abundant in nature is successfully utilized as SO2 surrogate, leading to a series of 3‐sulfonylindole derivatives in moderate to good yields. Cascade radical addition/cyclization was involved in this protocol with the formation of two C−S bonds and one C−N bond in one‐pot.
The diet at the onset of the Andean Civilization: New stable isotope data from Caral and Áspero, North‐Central Coast of Peru
Authors: Pezo‐Lanfranco Luis , Machacuay Marco , Novoa Pedro , Peralta Rodolfo , Mayer Elver , Eggers Sabine , Shady Ruth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe subsistence system of the first urban centers with monumental architecture from the North‐Central Coast of Peru, the core area for the social complexity process of Central Andes, has been debated since the late 1960s. To shed light on this aspect, we report paleodietary data from the two most important sites of the Supe Valley: Caral (3000–200 BC), the major settlement of the middle valley, and Áspero (3000–1800 BC), a notable coastal settlement. Our main objective was to test the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization hypothesis.Materials and MethodsStable isotope values (δ13Ccol, δ13Cap, and δ15N) from 52 individuals (70 samples: 44 bones and 26 teeth) were analyzed using conventional methods and Bayesian Mixing Models to address the role of marine products and plants in people's diet at both sites over time.ResultsOur results suggest high C3 carbohydrate consumption (55%–68% total calories in Áspero and >70% in Caral). The consumption of marine resources was stable for Áspero between 3300 and 1800 BC, but it decreased for Caral between 2550 and 200 BC.DiscussionMarine protein was more important in Áspero than in Caral over time. C3 plants, possibly tubers, formed the foundation of the diet in both sites during the Formative period (~3000–200 BC). Maize was a marginal food (<12% of calories) at least until 800 BC (29% of calories). The Maritime Foundations hypothesis does not completely account for these findings. Our results suggest the predominance of crop‐focused agriculture during the evaluated period.