bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified model involving genomics, magnetic resonance imaging and prostate‐specific antigen density outperforms individual co‐variables at predicting biopsy upgrading in patients on active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer
Authors: Beksac Alp Tuna , Ratnani Parita , Dovey Zachary , Parekh Sneha , Falagario Ugo , Roshandel Reza , Sobotka Stanislaw , Kewlani Deepshikha , Davis Avery , Weil Rachel , Bashorun Hafis , Jambor Ivan , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Tewari Ashutosh K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) is the reference standard treatment for the management of low risk prostate cancer (PCa). Accurate assessment of tumor aggressiveness guides recruitment to AS programs to avoid conservative treatment of intermediate and higher risk patients. Nevertheless, underestimating the disease risk may occur in some patients recruited, with biopsy upgrading and the concomitant potential for delayed treatment.AimTo evaluate the accuracy of mpMRI and GPS for the prediction of biopsy upgrading during active surveillance (AS) management of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodA retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients recruited to AS from October 2013 to December 2020. Median follow was 4.8 (IQR 3.6, 6.3) years. Upgrading was defined as upgrading to biopsy grade group ≥2 on follow up biopsies. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the effect of PSA density (PSAD), baseline Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2.1 score and GPS on upgrading. Time‐to‐event outcome, defined as upgrading, was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank test.ResultsOverall rate of upgrading was 31.9% (n = 46). PSAD was higher in the patients who were upgraded (0.12 vs. 0.08 ng/ml2, p = .005), while no significant difference was present for median GPS in the overall cohort (overall median GPS 21; 22 upgrading vs. 20 no upgrading, p = .2044). On univariable cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the factors associated with increased risk of biopsy upgrading were PSA (HR = 1.30, CI 1.16–1.47, p = <.0001), PSAD (HR = 1.08, CI 1.05–1.12, p = <.0001) and higher PI‐RADS score (HR = 3.51, CI 1.56–7.91, p = .0024). On multivariable cox proportional hazard regression analysis, only PSAD (HR = 1.10, CI 1.06–1.14, p = <.001) and high PI‐RADS score (HR = 4.11, CI 1.79–9.44, p = .0009) were associated with upgrading. A cox regression model combining these three clinical features (PSAD ≥0.15 ng/ml2 at baseline, PI‐RADS Score and GPS) yielded a concordance index of 0.71 for the prediction of upgrading.ConclusionIn this study PSAD has higher accuracy over baseline PI‐RADS score and GPS score for the prediction of PCa upgrading during AS. However, combined use of PSAD, GPS and PI‐RADS Score yielded the highest predictive ability with a concordance index of 0.71.
COVID‐19 detection with severity level analysis using the deep features, and wrapper‐based selection of ranked features
Authors: Öksüz Coşku , Urhan Oğuzhan , Güllü Mehmet Kemal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe SARS‐COV‐2 virus, which causes COVID‐19 disease, continues to threaten the whole world with its mutations. Many methods developed for COVID‐19 detection are validated on the data sets generally including severe forms of the disease. Since the severe forms of the disease have prominent signatures on X‐ray images, the performance to be achieved is high. To slow the spread of the disease, effective computer‐assisted screening tools with the ability to detect the mild and the moderate forms of the disease that do not have prominent signatures are needed. In this work, various pretrained networks, namely GoogLeNet, ResNet18, SqueezeNet, ShuffleNet, EfficientNetB0, and Xception, are used as feature extractors for the COVID‐19 detection with severity level analysis. The best feature extraction layer for each pre‐trained network is determined to optimize the performance. After that, features obtained by the best layer are selected by following a wrapper‐based feature selection strategy using the features ranked based on Laplacian scores. The experimental results achieved on two publicly available data sets including all the forms of COVID‐19 disease reveal that the method generalized well on unseen data. Moreover, 66.67%, 90.32%, and 100% sensitivity are obtained in the detection of mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively.
Programmed Assembly of DNA Templates by Silver Nanowires
Authors: Vittala Sandeepa K. , Zhao Yumeng , Han Da 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDNA origami templates are known to exhibit many advantages to integrate functional components at desirable locations for nanoelectronic applications. In order to immobilize conducting or semiconducting species in a bottom‐up approach, the programmed assembly of DNA templates is of utmost necessity. This report demonstrates the silver nanowires enabled bridging of two linear DNA origami (DO) nanostructures by utilizing the host‐guest interaction of biotin‐STV and sequence‐specific silver metallization of poly(dG‐dC) DNA nanowires (in 10 % yield) using (dA)10 coated AgNPs (15 nm). The enzymatic synthesis of 750 bp, 1500 bp and 3000 bp bis‐biotinylated poly(dG‐dC), facile synthesis of 1 : 1 biotin‐STV and silver‐nanowire bridged DNA templates were characterized by gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscope imaging techniques. The strategy utilized here provides a method that can precisely connect heterogeneous templates towards bottom‐up fabrication of practical nanoelectronics.
Characterizing worry content and impact in pregnant and postpartum women with anxiety disorders during COVID‐19
Authors: Green Sheryl M. , Furtado Melissa , Inness Briar E. , Frey Benicio N. , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe novel COVID pandemic has had a substantial impact on global mental health, including those populations that are inherently vulnerable such as pregnant and postpartum (perinatal) women. Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental health disorders during the perinatal period, affecting up to one in five women. However, since the onset of the pandemic, up to 60% of perinatal women are experiencing moderate to severe levels of anxiety. Given the substantial increase in perinatal anxiety during COVID, we sought to better understand its phenomenology by characterizing the collective worry content and impact of COVID using a content analysis. Eighty‐four treatment‐seeking pregnant (n = 35) and postpartum (n = 49) women with a principal AD, participated in this study between April and October 2020. In addition to completing questionnaire measures and a semistructured diagnostic interview, participants were asked to (1) describe their top excessive and uncontrollable worries, (2) describe additional COVID and non‐COVID worries, and (3) describe how the pandemic had affected their lives. All responses were given verbally and transcribed verbatim by assessors. A content analysis led to the emergence of various COVID and non‐COVID worry and impact themes. One third of participant's principal worries were specific to COVID, and 40% of COVID worries were specific to the perinatal context. Understanding the worry content and impact of COVID may improve symptom detection and inform the development of targeted treatment strategies to support the mental health needs of perinatal women with ADs throughout the pandemic and thereafter. Understanding pandemic‐specific worries is important for perinatal symptom screening and may allow for the development of targeted treatment strategies to address COVID‐specific worries and impact.
Mechanochemical Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols via Isouronium Intermediates**
Authors: Dalidovich Tatsiana , Nallaparaju Jagadeesh Varma , Shalima Tatsiana , Aav Riina , Kananovich Dzmitry G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn expansion of the solvent‐free synthetic toolbox is essential for advances in the sustainable chemical industry. Mechanochemical reactions offer a superior safety profile and reduced amount of waste compared to conventional solvent‐based synthesis. Herein a new mechanochemical method was developed for nucleophilic substitution of alcohols using fluoro‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TFFH) and K2HPO4 as an alcohol‐activating reagent and a base, respectively. Alcohol activation and reaction with a nucleophile were performed in one milling jar via reactive isouronium intermediates. Nucleophilic substitution with amines afforded alkylated amines in 31–91 % yields. The complete stereoinversion occurred for the SN2 reaction of (R)‐ and (S)‐ethyl lactates. Substitution with halide anions (F−, Br−, I−) and oxygen‐centered (CH3OH, PhO−) nucleophiles was also tested. Application of the method to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients has been demonstrated.
Searching beyond the streetlight: Neonicotinoid exposure alters the neurogenomic state of worker honey bees
Authors: Tsvetkov Nadejda , Zayed Amro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeonicotinoid insecticides have been implicated in honey bee declines, with many studies showing that sublethal exposure impacts bee behaviors such as foraging, learning, and memory. Despite the large number of ecotoxicological studies carried out to date, most focus on a handful of worker phenotypes leading to a “streetlight effect” where the a priori choice of phenotypes to measure may influence the results and conclusions arising from the studies. This bias can be overcome with the use of toxicological transcriptomics, where changes in gene expression can provide a more objective view of how pesticides alter animal traits. Here, we used RNA sequencing to examine the changes in neurogenomic states of nurse and forager honey bees that were naturally exposed to neonicotinoids in the field and artificially exposed to neonicotinoids in a controlled experiment. We found that neonicotinoid exposure influenced the neurogenomic state of foragers and nurses in different ways; foragers experienced shifts in expression of genes involved in cognition and development, while nurses experienced shifts in expression of genes involved in metabolism. Our study suggests that neonicotinoids influence nurse and forager bees in a different manner. We also found no to minimal overlap in the differentially expressed genes in our study and in previously published studies, which might help reconcile the seemingly contradictory results often reported in the neonicotinoid literature.
A temporal trophic shift from primary parasitism to facultative hyperparasitism during interspecific competition between two coevolved scelionid egg parasitoids
Authors: Haye Tim , Zhang Jinping , Risse Marion , Gariepy Tara D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding competition between scelionid parasitoids that exploit the same host may provide insight into strategies that allow coexistence on a shared resource. Competition studies typically focus on interactions between native and exotic parasitoids that do not share an evolutionary history; however, coevolved parasitoids may be more likely to demonstrate strategies to avoid or exploit a shared resource. We examined intrinsic and extrinsic competition between Asian Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) and T. cultratus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) associated with Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) that share an evolutionary history. Interspecific interactions were assessed by providing parasitized egg masses to each species at various intervals post‐parasitism, and measuring host acceptance, developmental suitability, and guarding behaviour. Trissolcus japonicus showed high acceptance of parasitized hosts up to 72 h following oviposition by T. cultratus, despite a very poor developmental outcome. In contrast, T. cultratus generally avoided ovipositing in H. halys eggs containing T. japonicus early‐instar larvae but did not avoid parasitizing H. halys that contained eggs and third instar larvae. The adaptive value of this behaviour was supported by developmental outcome: T. cultratus outcompeted T. japonicus eggs but not early‐instar larvae, and a trophic shift occurred wherein T. cultratus developed as a facultative hyperparasitoid on third instar T. japonicus larvae. Trissolcus japonicus guarded egg masses 8–12× longer and displayed more aggressive interactions than T. cultratus, suggesting T. japonicus is the superior extrinsic competitor. Development as a facultative hyperparasitoid provided a competitive niche for Asian T. cultratus and confirms its instrinsic competitive superiority. This also occurs in a biologically distinct European population of T. cultratus, suggesting that facultative hyperparasitism as a competitive strategy is retained in geographically separated populations that have not coevolved with H. halys or T. japonicus.
Volume Increments for Crystalline Borates
Authors: Wied Jan K. , Bsharat Ahd , Sauskojus Wolfgang , Mangstl Martin , Weber Johannes , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA set of volume increments for ionic oxido‐borates is developed for trigonal‐planar and tetrahedral coordinated boron fragments in densely packed crystal structures. For this purpose, the cell volume of 277 alkaline‐ and earth alkaline borate structures was analyzed with respect to the volume of different anionic borate building units. The volume increments help to determine the number of formula equivalents in a cell which is especially useful for the structure solution process starting from powder diffraction data. This was demonstrated on a new methylammonium borate, [H3CNH3]B5O6(OH)4 ⋅ CH3NHCOH which could be solved from powder X‐ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 1 21/c 1 with the lattice parameters a=7.3040(1) Å, b=11.6377(1) Å, c=17.1065(3) Å, β=107.2167(9)° and Z=4. The structure model is supported as well by 1H, 11B, 13C and 15N solid‐state NMR and quantum chemical calculations.
Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Conjugated syn,syn‐Dithienothiazine Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Dumbbells
Authors: Nau Jennifer , Brüning Vincent , Biesen Lukas , Knedel Tim‐Oliver , Janiak Christoph , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of conjugated syn,syn‐dithienothiazine donor‐acceptor‐donor dumbbells is readily synthesized by Suzuki coupling or a one‐pot α‐lithiation‐zincation‐Negishi coupling sequence in moderate to good yield. The title compounds are all electron‐rich reversible oxidizable redox systems with a relatively narrow range of oxidation potentials according to cyclic voltammetry. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy however show a significant effect of the electronic nature of the conjugated bridging system on absorption and emission characteristics. Furthermore, a highly polar excited state can be corroborated by Lippert‐Mataga analysis of the emission solvatochromicity as well as by TD‐DFT calculation of absorption and emission maxima, which classify these dumbbell systems as redox active, luminescent low band gap chromophores with experimentally determined optical band gaps between 2.20 and 2.50 eV.
Genetic variability and genome‐wide marker association studies for starch traits contributing to low glycaemic index in pearl millet
Authors: Yadav Chandra Bhan , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Beynon Sarah , Englyst Klaus , Gangashetty Prakash I. , Yadav Rattan S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPearl millet grains are naturally rich in high quality starch, dietary fibre, polyphenols and important micronutrients. Grains from a random subset of the global diversity panel (PMiGAP) comprising 166 pearl millet accessions were assessed for total starch (TS), rapidly digestible Starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) content based on available glucose percentage after digestion at various time points. Highly significant genetic variations for SDS, RS and other starch traits were evident amongst the PMiGAP accessions leading to the identification of best accessions for use in the future pearl millet‐breeding programmes. To identify potential candidate genes associated with these starch traits, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using 78K single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) well distributed across the seven chromosomes of pearl millet. A total of 902 SNPs showed a strong association with various starch traits at ‐log p‐value range from 4.0–9.08. A total of 364 probable candidate genes were identified in the flanking regions of the significantly associated SNPs and high LD (linkage disequilibrium) region, which explains a correlation between nearby variants. Out of these, 19 probable candidate genes exhibited functional relationships with the starch biosynthesis pathway. Three starch synthase genes (Pgl_GLEAN_10026059 and Pgl_GLEAN_10027180) were found to be key probable candidate genes for SDS owing to their prior demonstrated involvement in amylose biosynthesis. Pgl_GLEAN_10018323, encoding β‐amylase and Pgl_GLEAN_10009197, encoding α‐amylase enzyme were identified as probable candidate genes for RDS content. The genetic variability being reported for SDS and RS in the germplasm panel, and the SNP markers associated with such variability, raises the possibility of developing pearl millet varieties with low glycaemic index using conventional and molecular breeding approaches.
Who and what drives informed options trading after the market opens?
Authors: Kang Jongho , Kang Jangkoo , Lee Jaeram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines what affects the return predictability of option order imbalances immediately after the market opening and who contributes to this predictability. Although intraday momentum is insignificant, option order imbalances in the first 10 min of trading significantly predict the returns of stock index and index futures for the remainder of the day. Simple market timing strategies result in significant profits even after transaction costs are incurred. This predictive power is more prominent when uncertainty exists in the market or options are attractive to informed investors. Such predictability is mainly driven by institutional traders rather than day traders.
Comparing adjuvant radiation to adjuvant chemoradiation in postsurgical p16+ oropharyngeal carcinoma patients with extranodal extension or positive margins
Authors: Fenlon Jordan B. , Hutten Ryan J. , Weil Christopher R. , Lloyd Shane , Cannon Donald M. , Kerrigan Kathleen , Cannon Richard B. , Hitchcock Ying J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant guidelines in surgically resected p16+ oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) with positive surgical margins (PSM) or extranodal extension (ENE) are based on randomized controlled trials predating p16 status. It remains unclear if adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary in p16+ patients with these features.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify cases of nonmetastatic p16+ OPC diagnosed from 2010 to 2017. Patients treated with surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation (aRT) or adjuvant chemoradiation (aCRT) were eligible for analysis.ResultsA total of 14 071 patients were eligible for analysis. Overall survival (OS) was not statistically different between aRT and aCRT in patients with PSM (hazard ratio (HR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.28), ENE (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.69–1.27) or both (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.41–1.31).ConclusionsIn patients with p16+ OPC with ENE, PSM, or both, adding chemotherapy to aRT was not associated with improved OS.
Experimental analysis to study the effect of perforated louvered strip‐coiled spring insert on heat transfer performance in a double pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Chandra Prakash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExperiments have been conducted to study the effect of louvered strip‐coiled spring (PLSCS) turbulators having different pitches and the same angle of attack on thermal performance and pressure drop of a concentric tube heat exchanger. Two inserts in combined form were used for experimentation under turbulent flow at different Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging between 5000 and 20,000. Two pitches (40 mm and 50 mm) of elliptical‐shaped perforated louvered strips (PLS) having the same angles of attack have been taken that were welded on the central core rod. Spring inserts have the same coil diameter of 12 mm with two varying pitches to achieve pitch ratios of 0.5 and 1. Both heat transfer and pressure drop increase with a decrease in pitches of both LS and spring inserts. Nusselt number has the maximum value with spring of pitch 6 mm in combination with a PLS of 40 mm pitch at which is 130.75% higher than the plain tube at the lowest Re among the PLSCS inserts. With perforation, a slight increase in both Nusselt number and friction factor was observed. The maximum thermal performance efficiency value is 1.105 for the lowest Re value.
Using geographic information systems to inform the public health response to COVID‐19 and structural racism: The role of place‐based initiatives
Authors: Siegal Rachel , Cooper Haley , Capers Tiffany , Kilmer Ryan P. , Cook James R. , Garo Laurie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlack communities have been disproportionately impacted by the syndemic of COVID‐19 and structural racism. Place‐based initiatives (PBIs) are well‐positioned to respond to this syndemic. This study sought to highlight disparities in access to social determinants of health (SDH) between two racially segregated communities, assess residents' needs and measure resource accessibility in one predominantly Black community, and describe the PBI's response. We measured racial disparities in access to SDH before COVID‐19 using an SDH Index. We assessed participants' needs using a needs assessment and documented resource availability. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to measure resource accessibility. Results show inequities in access to SDH between the two communities before COVID‐19. Following the onset of COVID‐19, unemployment and food insecurity were higher in the predominantly Black community relative to the US population. Available resources did not always align with participants' needs and were less accessible for residents without private transportation. The PBI's response to the syndemic spanned SDH sectors. Inequitable access to SDH may be produced by structural racism and exacerbated by COVID‐19. PBIs are well‐equipped to employ a contextually informed, data‐driven, cross‐sector response to the syndemic.
A systematic review of acute telogen effluvium, a harrowing post‐COVID‐19 manifestation
Authors: Hussain Nabeel , Agarwala Preeti , Iqbal Kinza , Omar Hanaa Mohamed Sheikh , Jangid Gurusha , Patel Vraj , Rathore Sawai Singh , Kumari Chandani , Velasquez‐Botero Felipe , López Guadalupe Abigail Benítez , Vishwakarma Yogesh , Nipu Airin Parvin , Ahmed Noman Khurshid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis systematic review focuses on the clinical features, physical examination findings, outcomes, and underlying pathology of acute telogen effluvium (TE), a type of diffuse hair loss, occurring in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) recovered patients. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were queried till October 2021 to identify studies reporting acute TE occurring after COVID‐19 recovery. Data were obtained from 19 studies, which included 465 patients who were diagnosed with acute TE. The median age of these patients was 44 years and 67.5% were females. The most common trichoscopic findings were decreased hair density, the presence of empty follicles, or short regrowing hair. The mean duration from COVID‐19 symptom onset to the appearance of acute TE was 74 days, which is earlier than classic acute TE. Most patients recovered from hair loss, while a few patients had persistent hair fall. Our results highlight the need to consider the possibility of post‐COVID‐19 acute TE in patients presenting with hair fall, with a history of COVID‐19 infection, in the context of COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite being a self‐limiting condition, hair loss post‐COVID‐19 is a stressful manifestation. Identifying COVID‐19 infection as a potential cause of acute TE will help the clinicians counsel the patients, relieving them from undue stress.