bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent Stoma: A Quality Outcome in Treatment of Rectal Cancer and Its Impact on Length of Stay
Authors: Lemini Riccardo , Jabbal Iktej Singh , Stanek Krystof , Borkar Shalmali R. , Spaulding Aaron C. , Kelley Scott R. , Colibaseanu Dorin T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify socioeconomic predictors of permanent stoma in rectal cancer treatment and examine its association with length of stay at the treatment facility.MethodsRectal cancer patients were identified from the Agency for Health Care Administration Florida Hospital Inpatient Discharge Dataset. Multivariate regression models were utilized to identify demographic, and socioeconomic factors associated with receiving a permanent stoma as well as the associated length of stay of these patients.ResultsOf 2,630 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer, 21% had a permanent stoma. The odds of receiving permanent stoma increased with higher Elixhauser score, metastatic disease, residing in Southwest Florida, and having Medicaid insurance or no insurance/self-payers (p<0.05). Patients with a permanent stoma had a significantly extended stay after surgery (p<0.001). ConclusionsPatients with a permanent stoma following cancer resection were more likely to have open surgery, had more comorbidities, and had a longer length of stay. Additionally, the payer type significantly affected the length of stay and odds of receiving a permanent stoma.
Impact of Blood Transfusion During Definitive Stabilization Surgeries on Pelvic Fracture Patient Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Xie Xiuqiao , Wang Jie , Huang Xueyuan , Gui Rong , Huang Yuanshuai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Orthopaedic definitive stabilization surgeries are conducted when pelvic fracture patients are stabilized and blood transfusion is usually inevitable for patients undergo major surgeries and few studies provide insight into the influence of the intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) on the outcomes of pelvic patients . As it presents a risk to the recipient by inducing uncertain morbidity and mortality, this study was aiming at the influence of PRBCs during such surgeries on clinical outcomes of pelvic fracture patients.Methods: 300 patients were collected and 103 patients were analyzed after exclusion. According to the units of intraoperative transfused PRBCs, 52 patients were in the <3U PRBCs group, 39 patients were in the 3-6U group and 12 patients were in the >6U group. Their characteristics, blood tests, details during surgeries, and outcomes were evaluated.Results: Patients in the>6U PRBCs group were more likely admitted with hemorrhagic shock, lower blood platelet count (BPC) and higher Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) (all p<0.05). Blood tests of them at admission revealed higher levels of serum creatinine (Scr), prothrombin time (PT) and thromboplastin time (APTT), lower level of total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin (SA), and serum globulin (SG) (all p<0.05). They underwent more subsequent surgeries and intensive care unit (ICU) stays (all p<0.001). No significant differences between complications and clinical outcomes were observed among three groups. Increased intraoperative transfusion of PRBCs was an independent factor for increased numbers of subsequent surgeries after orthopaedic surgeries, and prolonged ICU days.Conclusions: More intraoperative transfusion during orthopedic fixation surgeries indicated patients with more possibilities of hemorrhagic shock, severe pelvic injury, renal injury, and coagulopathy at admission. Increased intraoperative blood transfusion was associated with more ICU days and increased re-operations, whereas it wouldn’t increase the risk of more complications or worsen clinical outcomes.
The Impact of Unmeasured Confounding in Observational Studies: a Plasmode Simulation Study of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Amusa Lateef , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Unmeasured confounding can cause considerable problems in observational studies and may threaten the validity of the estimates of causal treatment effects. There has been discussion on the amount of bias in treatment effect estimates that can occur due to unmeasured confounding. We investigate the robustness of a relatively new causal inference technique, targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), in terms of its robustness to the impact of unmeasured confounders. We benchmark TMLE’s performance with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW) method. We utilize a plasmode-like simulation based on variables and parameters from the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT). We evaluated the accuracy and precision of the estimated treatment effects. Though TMLE performed better in most of the scenarios considered, our simulation study results suggest that both methods performed reasonably well in estimating the marginal odds ratio, in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Nonetheless, the only remedy to unobserved confounding is controlling for as many as available covariates in an observational study, because not even TMLE can provide safeguard against bias from unmeasured confounders.
Simultaneous Measurement of Tadehaginoside and its Principal Metabolite in Rats by HPLC–MS/MS and its Application in Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution Study
Authors: Zhang Cai-Yun , Lu Ya-Ting , Tan Yin-Feng , Dong Lin , Su Zhi-Heng , Zhang Xiao-Po 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Tadehaginoside, an active ingredient isolated from Tadehagi triquetrum L., exhibited various biological activities. However, the pharmacokinetics and tissue-distribution which affects tadehaginoside’s therapeutic actions and application remain elusive.MethodsTo clarify the metabolism of tadehaginoside in vivo, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established to detect the level of tadehaginoside in plasma and eleven tat tissues (brain, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle, body fat, and testes). Besides, this validated method was also successfully applied to the quantitative determination of its metabolite, p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HYD) in plasma. The pharmacokinetic and tissue-distribution of tadehaginoside were investigated by this developed method. ResultsThe pharmacokinetic study indicated that tadehaginoside in plasma of rats with intragastric administration showed relatively low concentration may be due to the formation of its metabolite, and the quick absorption of tadehaginoside was detected following intravenous administration. Tissue-distribution study indicated that kidney and spleen were the major distribution organs for tadehaginoside in rats. ConclusionsThese results could provide clues for exploring the bioactivity of tadehaginoside based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics.
An Operator-theoretical Study on the BCS-Bogoliubov Model of Superconductivity Near Absolute Zero Temperature
Authors: Watanabe Shuji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the BCS-Bogoliubov model of superconductivity, no one gave a proof of the statement that the solution to the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation is differentiable with respect to the temperature. But, without such a proof, one differentiates the solution and the thermodynamic potential with respect to the temperature twice, and one obtains the entropy and the specific heat at constant volume of a superconductor. In the preceding papers, the present author showed that the solution is indeed differentiable with respect to the temperature twice. Thanks to these results, we in this paper differentiate the thermodynamic potential with respect to the temperature twice so as to obtain the entropy and the specific heat at constant volume from the viewpoint of operator theory. Here, the potential in the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation is a function and need not be a constant. We then show the behavior near absolute zero temperature of the entropy, the specific heat, the solution and the critical magnetic field. Mathematics Subject Classification 2020. 45G10, 47H10, 47N50, 82D55.
Differential Transcriptomic Profiling Between Patients With Sepsis-Induced Ards And Sepsis Without Ards&nbsp;
Authors: Kasotakis George , Chen Wei , Corcoran David L. , Howrylak Judie A. , Englert Joshua , Sullenger Bruce A. , Kangelaris Kirsten , Eikermann Matthias , Purves J. Todd , Haines Krista , Palmer Scott M. , Agarwal Suresh , Stanfield Brent A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) develops in the lungs as a response to potent inflammatory triggers, and sepsis represents one of the most common causes of ARDS. It is a highly lethal syndrome with no effective therapies, and little is known about the pathways that trigger it. In this project we combine publicly available sepsis and ARDS patient datasets to identify early transcriptomic changes that may be targeted therapeutically in the future. Hypothesis: Proinflammatory, neutrophil-centric pathways are central to the pathogenesis of ARDS in septic patients.Methods: The GEO dataset repository was searched and available human transcriptomic data from patients with Sepsis and Sepsis+ARDS were combined and analyzed. Genes, gene sets and significant pathways that were differentially expressed or activated at a statistically significant level between the two groups were identified.Results: No independent genes were identified to be differentially expressed across the three studies. There were 6 gene sets that were up- or down-regulated across all studies (four and two respectively), and the Sphingosine-1-Phophate (S1P) pathway was the only pathway seen to become activated in septic patients with ARDS compared to those with sepsis alone. Conclusions: Limited consistent gene and gene set transcription hinders our ability to identify viable biomarkers or therapeutic targets in ARDS in the setting of sepsis, but S1P pathway intermediaries may be viable candidates.
Clinical and Subclinical Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk factors in Small-scale Dairy Farms in Bahir Dar and its envirion, Amhara region
Authors: Hailemelekot Mussie , Chalachew Melaku , Laiju Sam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2018 with the objective of determining the prevalence of mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in and around Bahir dar dairy farms. Totally 302 lactating cows were selected using simple random sampling method. Initially, mastitis cases were diagnosed based on California Mastitis Test (MCT) results and the nature of gel formation. Then positive samples were subjected to bacterial culture and isolation using blood agar, MacConkey agar, colony morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA software and association of mastitis with risk factors was analyzed using chi square test. The association was considered as significant when p-value was less than 0.05.
Result

The overall cow level prevalence of mastitis using CMT was 25.16% (76/302) with clinical and sub clinical mastitis of 3.64% and 21.52%, respectively. Similarly, the quarter level mastitis was 10.43% (126/1208) with clinical and sub clinical cases of 1.49% and 8.94%, respectively. Bacteria identified were Staphylococci Spp, Escherichia coli, Bacillus Spp, and Streptococcus Spp. with a proportion of 66.07% .94%, 8.0% and 7.14%, respectively. Body condition score, cow Hygiene, Parity, history of mastitis, stage of lactation, teat lesion, use of same clothing, lactating mastitis positive animal last were found to be significant risk factors.
Conclusion

The current study revealed moderate prevalence of mastitis warranting application of appropriate hygienic practices during milking and awareness creation to the dairy farmers.
Tanzanian primary healthcare workers’ experiences of antibiotic prescription and understanding of antibiotic resistance in common childhood infections: A qualitative phenomenographic study
Authors: Emgård Matilda , Mwangi Rose , Mayo Celina , Mshana Ester , Nkini Gertrud , Andersson Rune , Msuya Sia E. , Lepp Margret , Muro Florida , Skovbjerg Susann 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a threat to global child health. Primary healthcare workers play a key role in antibiotic stewardship in the community, but few studies in low-income countries have described their experiences of initiating antibiotic treatment in children. Thus, the present study aimed to describe primary healthcare workers’ experiences of antibiotic prescription for children under five years of age and their conceptions of antibiotic resistance in Northern Tanzania.MethodsA qualitative study involving individual in-depth interviews with 20 prescribing primary healthcare workers in Moshi urban and rural districts, Northern Tanzania, was performed in 2019. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Kiswahili into English and analysed according to the phenomenographic approach.FindingsFour conceptual themes emerged during the analysis; conceptions in relation to the prescriber, the mother and child, other healthcare actors and in relation to outcome. The healthcare workers relied mainly on clinical examination and medical history provided by the mother to determine the need for antibiotics. Confidence in giving advice concerning non-antibiotic treatment varied among the participants and expectations of antibiotic treatment were perceived to be common among the mothers. Antibiotic resistance was mainly perceived as a problem for the individual patient who was misusing the antibiotics.ConclusionsTo increase rational antibiotic prescription, an awareness needs to be raised among Tanzanian primary healthcare workers of the threat of antibiotic resistance, not only to a few individuals, but to public health. Guidelines on childhood illnesses should be updated with advice concerning symptomatic treatment when antibiotics are not necessary, to support rational prescribing practices and promote trust in the clinician and mother relationship.
An Appropriate Method of Measuring Bone Metastatic Subtypes by In Vivo Advanced Imaging from Clinical to Preclinical Study
Authors: Fan Limin , Shi Meiping , Cao Jie , Fu Hongchao , Su Jianzhong , Zhao Lanxiang , Tao Guangyu , Guo Baofeng , Chen Mingcang , Li Qiong , Chen Liang , Lei Bei , Chang Cheng , Zhang Jianping , Ye Jianding , Liu Sheng , Xie Wenhui , yang shunfang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Bone metastasis (BM) lesions are always considered to be non-measurable. In this study, we established a method that proved to be measurable the subtypes of BM by in vivo advanced imaging including bone scintigraphy (BS) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTechnetium-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) fused computed tomography (CT), combined with skeletal radiography (XR). Methods: One retrospective clinical audit was investigated on lung cancer patients who suffer from BM. The audit includes early static planar, later Whole-body skeleton images and a random sample of 198 patients who were performed on fusion of SPECT/CT scanners. Among them, 108 patients with BM were definite histologic diagnosed with lung cancer and 257 bone lesions were classified. A preclinical precision study developed a procedure of hot spot-based bone imaging screening experimental BM clone by performing anesthesia, intracardiac injection of five human lung cancer cells on the immunodeficient mice, reanimate, in vivo imaging and in vitro experiments (cell culture, histology, karyotype analysis, microarrays, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC)). An osteolytic metastatic clone MDA-MB-231Bo (231Bo) was compared. Irradiation damage was tested. Results: The clinical reports showed the incidence was primarily osteoblastic lesions, followed by mixed lesions and osteolytic. This study does not only confirmed the in vivo advanced imaging could be used to monitor and measure the subtypes of BM from clinical and preclinical data but also have ideal images (including movies), unique cell lines same as homo-sapiens, two markers associated with BM, TMEM100 and CDH1, as well as data from five pairs (BM clones and their parental cells) of lung cancer cells that released into GEO for further research. Ionizing radiation is controlled at its best. Conclusion: The studies have demonstrated that bone lesions of 1mm or larger can be detected in mouse models. Osteolytic lesions were revealed that a flow of metastatic cells out of the destroying cortical bone gap to form a soft tissue tumor. This study and GEO data are applicable to the development of relevant research and treatments.
Study on Sliding Friction Characteristics of Magnetorheological Elastomer - Copper Pair Affected by Magnetic-Controlled Surface Roughness and Elastic Modulus
Authors: Li Rui , Wang Di , Li Xinyan , Yang Ping-an , Ruan Haibo , Shou Mengjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To optimize the online friction coefficient adjustment, it is necessary to study the parameter change features of the magneto-sensitive polymer and its influence on the friction characteristics under magnetic field. A series of isotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with different initial surface roughness were prepared, and a sliding friction platform with MRE - copper block pair was built to carry out magnetic-controlled friction characteristic experiment. Results show that the sliding friction coefficient of MRE decreases with the increase of the magnetic field, but the degree of reduction is quite different under different initial surface roughness and elastic modulus. When the initial surface roughness of MRE is between 0.5 - 2.5 μm and the ferromagnetic particles volume fraction is between 10% - 15%, its magnetic-controlled friction coefficient has the largest reduced value of 22.75%. Moreover, features of elastic modulus and surface topography under magnetic field were tested and analyzed. By combining with the single peak contact model and the friction binomial law, the relationship between the surface roughness and elastic modulus of MREs and the sliding friction force is deduced, and it is proved that the friction coefficient is affected by the coupling effect of surface roughness and elastic modulus. The magnetic-controlled elastic modulus is the key factor, which determines the overall downward trend of the friction coefficient of MREs. Magnetic-controlled surface roughness also plays an important role in the adjustable range of friction coefficient, and reducing the initial surface roughness can increase the magnetic-controlled friction coefficient adjustable range.
Improving Essential Oil Compositions of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea Purpurea L.) Medicinal Plant Using Novel Growing Media and Nutrition Pattern in Hydroponics
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Samadi Abbas , Sepehr Ebrahim , Rahimi Amir , Shabala Sergey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two NO3-/NH4+ ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3-/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3-/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3-/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.
Comparison of three robust impedance estimators for the MT method
Authors: Chen Hao , Mizunaga Hideki , Tanaka Toshiaki , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The initial magnetotelluric (MT) response function estimator is based on the least-square theory; it can be severely disturbed by the cultural noise. The different robust procedures have been developed and improve the performance of response function estimation dramatically. It is hard to say which method is better or not. In a specific situation, a different approach has different performance. Therefore, it is important to know the different property of them. Between the robust procedures, the robust M-estimator gives a small weight to reject the outlier based on the residual between the output (electric filed) of the least-squares estimator and the observed data. M-estimator can reduce the influence of unusual data in the electric field (outliers) but are not sensitive to exceptional input (magnetic field) data, which are termed leverage points. The bounded influence (BI) estimator combines the standard robust M-estimator with leverage weighting based on the hat matrix diagonal element's statistics, a standard statistical measure of leverage point. Chave (2004) also creates an open-source code, Bounded Influence Remote Reference Processing (BIRRP), and it is widely used in the MT community. But the leverage point corresponds to the large variation of the magnetic field. It may be an energetic signal or active noise. The performance of the M-estimator and the BI-estimator was dramatically different in the two situations. On the other hand, the repeat median algorithm can protect against unusual data (outlier and leverage point) maximum. We researched the difference property of bound influence (BI-estimator), maximum likelihood (M-estimator), and repeat median (RM-estimator) signal site MT respond function estimator. Three independent code (BIRRP code, robust M-estimator code, and RM-estimator code) are used to compare them. At last, two typical field data are used, making the difference between the bound influence estimator and robust M-estimator transparent. We found that when the leverage point is the energetic signal, the M-estimator will perform better than the BI-estimator. When the leverage point is the active noise, the BI-estimator will work much better than the M-estimator. Finally, we also investigated the ability of the three estimators at a single site.