bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equality of Ultradifferentiable Classes by Means of Indices of Mixed O-regular Variation
Authors: Jiménez-Garrido Javier , Sanz Javier , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe characterize the equality between ultradifferentiable function classes defined in terms of abstractly given weight matrices and in terms of the corresponding matrix of associated weight functions by using new growth indices. These indices, defined by means of weight sequences and (associated) weight functions, are extending the notion of O-regular variation to a mixed setting. Hence we are extending the known comparison results concerning classes defined in terms of a single weight sequence and of a single weight function and give also these statements an interpretation expressed in O-regular variation.
Thermo-Pulsations-System (LipiFLow®) zur Behandlung der Meibom-Drüsen-Dysfunktion (MDD) aus der Sicht eines niedergelassenen Augenfacharztes
Authors: Laufenböck Christoph 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Thermo-Pulsation (LipiFlow®, Johnson & Johnson, Santa Ana, CA, USA) wurde zur Behandlung der Meibom-Drüsen-Dysfunktion (MDD) empfohlen und in mehreren Studien für nützlich befunden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der Methode an sich und im Vergleich zur täglichen Lidrandmassage in einer nichtuniversitären Einrichtung darzustellen.

Methoden
Eine nicht verblindete, Single-center-Interventionsstudie, die die Thermo-Pulsation mit einer Lidrandmassage zur Behandlung von MDD vergleicht: 30 Patienten wurden im Zuge der täglichen Sprechstunde rekrutiert. Die Symptome (OSDI) und die Augenoberfläche (NIK-BUT, Farnkraut-Test, Tränenmeniskus, LIPKO-Falten, Meibographie, Meibomian-Gland-Evaluator) wurden vor der Behandlung untersucht.; 15 Patienten (9 Frauen) unterzogen sich der Thermo-Pulsation (einmalige Sitzung), während 15 Patienten (8 Frauen) 3 Monate lang eine Lidrandmassage (1-mal täglich) nach Anweisung für 3 Monate durchführten.

Ergebnisse
Vor den beiden Behandlungsmethoden bestanden keine Unterschiede in oben genannten Parametern, ebenfalls waren Geschlecht und Alter normverteilt. Nach der Behandlung verbesserten sich zwar in beiden Gruppen die subjektiven als auch die objektiven Kriterien, allerdings im Thermo-Pulsation-Arm signifikant stärker. Insbesondere ist die eingeschränkte Compliance von 30 % im Lidrandmassagearm zu beachten. Sicherheitsparameter wie Visus und IOD blieben bei allen Patienten unauffällig.

Schlussfolgerungen
Eine einzige Sitzung der Thermo-Pulsation führte in ihrer Wirksamkeit und ihrem Sicherheitsprofil nach 3 Monaten im Vergleich zu einer 1‑mal täglichen Lidrandmassage zu signifikant besseren Ergebnissen. Zu beachten sind allerdings die hohen Kosten für die Patienten, da die zu applizierenden Aktivatoren als Einmalprodukte zu behandeln sind.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for character control
Authors: Li Cheng , Fussell Levi , Komura Taku 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSimultaneous control of multiple characters has been a research topic that has been extensively pursued for applications in computer games and computer animations, for applications such as crowd simulation, controlling two characters carrying objects or fighting with one another and controlling a team of characters playing collective sports. With the advance in deep learning and reinforcement learning, there is a growing interest in applying multi-agent reinforcement learning for intelligently controlling the characters to produce realistic movements. In this paper we will survey the state-of-the-art MARL techniques that are applicable for character control. We will then survey papers that make use of MARL for multi-character control and then discuss about the possible future directions of research.
Lack of residents due to COVID-19 pandemic. Can a mentor–mentee program during medical studies have a positive influence on the choice for specialist training in gynecology and obstetrics? A review of current literature and results of a national wide survey of medical students
Authors: Hertling Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic restricting clinical practice and exacerbating the lack of medical staff. There is currently a lack of young residents who are deciding on further training in gynecology and obstetrics. Design: review and prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: the aim of this study was to investigate if structured mentoring programs can counteract this deficiency. Population: medical students took part from Germany in the clinical phase.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was developed and distributed to students from January to October 2020. Epidemiological data, questions about mentoring experiences, necessity and their expected influence on career planning were collected and statistically evaluated. Main outcome measures: structured mentoring-programs can influence the choice of subject. In particular, men are still underrepresented. Research on the topic of mentoring during in the field of gynaecology and obstetrics is completely lacking.ResultsA representative number of 927 medical students took part in the survey. 22% (170/906) of the students had already participated in a mentoring program with a significantly higher proportion of men (69%; 117/170;p < 0.001). Of these, 94% (453/170) said this was helpful. 6% (55/906) wanted to pursue a career in gynecology and obstetrics. When asked about their appreciation for structured mentoring programs in gynecology and obstetrics, 95% (880/906) would participate and 94% agreed (871/906) that this could have an impact on their choice of specialist and career planning.ConclusionsAn active provision of mentoring programs and more content can be a way of counteracting the shortage of residents in gynecology and obstetrics.
Predicting black soldier fly larvae biomass and methionine accumulation using a kinetic model for batch cultivation and improving system performance using semi-batch cultivation
Authors: Miner Lydia Palma , Fernandez-Bayo Jesus , Putri Ferisca , Niemeier Deb , Bischel Heather , VanderGheynst Jean S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal demand for poultry and associated feed are projected to double over the next 30 years. Insect meal is a sustainable alternative to traditional feeds when produced on low-value high-volume agricultural byproducts. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) are high in protein and contain methionine, an essential amino acid that is critical to poultry health. BSF larvae can be grown on many organic residues, however, larvae growth and quality vary based on feedstock and cultivation processes. Experiments were completed to monitor temporal changes in BSF larvae growth and composition using almond hulls as a growth substrate under batch and semi-batch processes and with varying substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). A logistic kinetic growth model was developed to predict larval biomass and methionine accumulations during batch production. Estimated ranges of model parameters for larvae maximum specific growth rate and carrying capacity were 0.017–0.021 h−1 and 9.7–10.7 g larvae kg−1 hulls dry weight, respectively. Methionine content in larvae increased from 11.1 to 17.1 g kg−1 dry weight over a 30-day batch incubation period. Larvae-specific growth and yield increased by 168% and 268%, respectively, when cultivated in a semi-batch compared to a batch process. Increasing C/N ratio from 26 to 40 increased density of methionine content in larvae per unit feedstock by 25%. The findings demonstrate a logistic model can predict larvae biomass accumulation, harvest time can achieve specific methionine contents, and a semi-batch process is more favorable for larvae biomass accumulation compared to a batch process.
Collegial Learning and Digital Literacy Education in a Swedish Preschool
Authors: Forsling Karin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on preschool teachers’ collegial learning in relation to children's use of digital learning tools in preschool. The aim of the study was to investigate how preschool teachers understand, change, and improve learning situations when digital tools are used, under the supervision of a film educator, a preschool colleague, and a researcher. The results show how five dedicated teachers, without a special interest in digital tools, started using tablets in preschool as a learning tool to achieve the goals in the curriculum regarding communication. The experiment model used in the study is based on design-oriented theories. The design-based experiment provided an opportunity for in-depth reflection among the teachers and a meeting place for collegial learning processes, which can in turn lead to preschool development.
Membrane lipids and maximum lifespan in clownfish
Authors: Almaida-Pagan Pedro F. , Lucas-Sanchez Alejandro , Martinez-Nicolas Antonio , Terzibasi Eva , de Lama Maria Angeles Rol , Cellerino Alessandro , Mendiola Pilar , de Costa Jorge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe longevity-homeoviscous adaptation (LHA) theory of ageing states that lipid composition of cell membranes is linked to metabolic rate and lifespan, which has been widely shown in mammals and birds but not sufficiently in fish. In this study, two species of the genus Amphiprion (Amphiprion percula and Amphiprion clarkii, with estimated maximum lifespan potentials [MLSP] of 30 and 9–16 years, respectively) and the damselfish Chromis viridis (estimated MLSP of 1–2 years) were chosen to test the LHA theory of ageing in a potential model of exceptional longevity. Brain, livers and samples of skeletal muscle were collected for lipid analyses and integral part in the computation of membrane peroxidation indexes (PIn) from phospholipid (PL) fractions and PL fatty acid composition. When only the two Amphiprion species were compared, results pointed to the existence of a negative correlation between membrane PIn value and maximum lifespan, well in line with the predictions from the LHA theory of ageing. Nevertheless, contradictory data were obtained when the two Amphiprion species were compared to the shorter-lived C. viridis. These results along with those obtained in previous studies on fish denote that the magnitude (and sometimes the direction) of the differences observed in membrane lipid composition and peroxidation index with MLSP cannot explain alone the diversity in longevity found among fishes.
Exploring the Cognitive Model of Social Anxiety in Autistic Young People—The Central Role of Bodily Symptoms
Authors: Wood H. , Rusbridge S. , Lei J. , Lomax C. , Elliston J. , Russell A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe explored the role of negative performance beliefs and self-focused attention considered central to psychological models of social anxiety but not studied in autism. Firstly, we compared self- and observer ratings of performance on a social task for 71 young autistic people, 41 high and 30 low in social anxiety, finding a significant main effect of social anxiety but not rater. Subsequently, 76 autistic young people, 46 high and 30 low social anxiety completed measures of interoceptive sensibility and focus of attention following a social task. Only heightened interoceptive sensibility fully mediated the relationship between self-ratings of social performance and social anxiety. These findings suggest awareness of bodily sensations are critical to anxiety in social situations with implications for treatment.
Closing the Gap Between Theory and Practice: Conceptualisation of a School-Based Intervention to Improve the School Participation of Primary School Students on the Autism Spectrum and Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Hodges Amy , Cordier Reinie , Joosten Annette , Bourke-Taylor Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLimited interventions exist that support student’s school participation. This paper describes a theoretical model of school participation and the iterative process that led to the development of an intervention that aims to improve the school participation of students on the autism spectrum and their typically developing peers. Literature on autism, school participation and intervention research were integrated to develop a theoretical model. Focus groups, a Delphi study, online surveys, and reference group consultation helped to develop and refine the intervention. A novel school-based intervention was developed. The impetus to develop interventions with a strong theoretical rationale is discussed.
Transformation from calcium sulfate to calcium phosphate in biological environment
Authors: Chen Ying-Cen , Tuan Wei-Hsing , Lai Po-Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation of a nano-apatite surface layer is frequently considered a measure of bioactivity, especially for non-phosphate bioceramics. In the present study, strontium-doped calcium sulfate, (Ca,Sr)SO4, was used to verify the feasibility of this measure. The (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen was prepared by mixing 10% SrSO4 by weight with 90% CaSO4·½H2O powder by weight. A solid solution of (Ca,7.6%Sr)SO4 was then produced by heating the powder mixture at 1100 °C for 1 h. The resulting (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen was readily degradable in phosphate solution. A newly formed surface layer in the form of flakes was formed within one day of specimen immersion in phosphate solution. Structural and microstructure–compositional analyses indicated that the flakes were composed of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals. An amorphous interface containing OCP nanocrystals was found between the newly formed surface layer and the remaining (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen. The specimen was also implanted into a rat distal femur bone defect. In addition to new bone, fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells were found to interlace the (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen. The present study indicated that a more comprehensive evaluation is needed to assess the bioactivity of non-phosphate bioceramics.
Direct monitoring of single-cell response to biomaterials by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: McIvor Mary Josephine , Sharma Preetam K. , Birt Catherine E. , McDowell Hayley , Wilson Shannon , McKillop Stephen , Acheson Jonathan G. , Boyd Adrian R. , Meenan Brian J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is continued focus on the development of new biomaterials and associated biological testing methods needed to reduce the time taken for their entry to clinical use. The application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of individual cells that have been in contact with biomaterials offers enhanced in vitro information in a potentially non-destructive testing regime. The work presented here reports the Raman spectral analysis of discreet U-2 OS bone cells after exposure to hydroxyapatite (HA) coated titanium (Ti) substrates in both the as-deposited and thermally annealed states. These data show that cells that were in contact with the bioactive HA surface for 7 days had spectral markers similar to those cultured on the Ti substrate control for the same period. However, the spectral features for those cells that were in contact with the annealed HA surface had indicators of significant differentiation at day 21 while cells on the as-deposited surface did not show these Raman changes until day 28. The cells adhered to pristine Ti control surface showed no spectral changes at any of the timepoints studied. The validity of these spectroscopic results has been confirmed using data from standard in vitro cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation assays over the same 28-day culture period. In this case, cell maturation was evidenced by the formation of natural bone apatite, which precipitated intracellularly for cells exposed to both types of HA-coated Ti at 21 and 28 days, respectively. The properties of the intracellular apatite were markedly different from that of the synthetic HA used to coat the Ti substrate with an average particle size of 230 nm, a crystalline-like shape and Ca/P ratio of 1.63 ± 0.5 as determined by SEM-EDX analysis. By comparison, the synthetic HA particles used as a control had an average size of 372 nm and were more-rounded in shape with a Ca/P ratio of 0.8 by XPS analysis and 1.28 by SEM-EDX analysis. This study shows that Raman spectroscopy can be employed to monitor single U-2 OS cell response to biomaterials that promote cell maturation towards de novo bone thereby offering a label-free in vitro testing method that allows for non-destructive analyses.
The Courtroom as an Arena of Ideological and Political Confrontation: The Chicago Eight Conspiracy Trial
Authors: Allo Awol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNormative theories of law conceive the courtroom as a geometrically delineated, politically neutral, and linguistically transparent space designed for a fair and orderly administration of justice. The trial, the most legalistic of all legal acts, is widely regarded as a site of truth and justice elevated above and beyond the expediency of ideology and politics. These conceptions are further underpinned by certain normative understandings of sovereignty, the subject, and politics where sovereignty is conceived as self-instituting and self-limiting; the subject is understood as an autonomous and rational being capable of self-consciousness and self-representation; and politics is posited as the exercise of reason in the public sphere. In this article, I argue that such a normative conceptualization of the criminal trial and the courtroom not only ignores structures of power and privilege that produce inequalities but also forecloses possibilities for transformative judicial praxis. Drawing on the 1969–1970 trial of eight radical activists accused of conspiring to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, the article argues for a performative re-conceptualization of sovereignty, the subject, and the law as indeterminate, unpredictable, and open-ended discursive formations. The article demonstrates how the accused, working with and against legal doctrines, norms, and discourses, rethought normative conceptions of sovereignty, law, and subjectivity as contingent power-knowledge constellations that are open, unpredictable, and un-closable.
Lie polynomials and a twistorial correspondence for amplitudes
Authors: Frost Hadleigh , Mason Lionel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe review Lie polynomials as a mathematical framework that underpins the structure of the so-called double copy relationship between gauge and gravity theories (and a network of other theories besides). We explain how Lie polynomials naturally arise in the geometry and cohomology of $$\mathcal {M}_{0,n}$$

M

0
,
n

, the moduli space of n points on the Riemann sphere up to Mobiüs transformation. We introduce a twistorial correspondence between the cotangent bundle $$T^*_D\mathcal {M}_{0,n}$$

T
D
∗

M

0
,
n

, the bundle of forms with logarithmic singularities on the divisor D as the twistor space, and $$\mathcal {K}_n$$

K
n

the space of momentum invariants of n massless particles subject to momentum conservation as the analogue of space–time. This gives a natural framework for Cachazo He and Yuan (CHY) and ambitwistor-string formulae for scattering amplitudes of gauge and gravity theories as being the corresponding Penrose transform. In particular, we show that it gives a natural correspondence between CHY half-integrands and scattering forms, certain $$n-3$$

n
-
3

-forms on $$\mathcal {K}_n$$

K
n

, introduced by Arkani-Hamed, Bai, He and Yan (ABHY). We also give a generalization and more invariant description of the associahedral $$n-3$$

n
-
3

-planes in $$\mathcal {K}_n$$

K
n

introduced by ABHY.
Resonant passive energy balancing of morphing helicopter blades with bend–twist coupling
Authors: Taghipour Javad , Zhang Jiaying , Shaw Alexander D. , Friswell Mike I. , Gu Huayuan , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith increasing demand for rotor blades in engineering applications, improving the performance of such structures using morphing blades has received considerable attention. Resonant passive energy balancing (RPEB) is a relatively new concept introduced to minimize the required actuation energy. This study investigates RPEB in morphing helicopter blades with lag–twist coupling. The structure of a rotating blade with a moving mass at the tip is considered under aerodynamic loading. To this end, a three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) reduced-order model is used to analyse and understand the complicated nonlinear aeroelastic behaviour of the structure. This model includes the pitch angle and lagging of the blade, along with the motion of the moving mass. First, the 3DOF model is simplified to a single-degree-of-freedom model for the pitch angle dynamics of the blade to examine the effect of important parameters on the pitch response. The results demonstrate that the coefficient of lag–twist coupling and the direction of aerodynamic moment on the blade are two parameters that play important roles in controlling the pitch angle, particularly the phase. Then, neglecting the aerodynamic forces, the 3DOF system is studied to investigate the sensitivity of its dynamics to changes in the parameters of the system. The results of the structural analysis can be used to tune the parameters of the blade in order to use the resonant energy of the structure and to reduce the required actuation force. A sensitivity analysis is then performed on the dynamics of the 3DOF model in the presence of aerodynamic forces to investigate the controllability of the amplitude and phase of the pitch angle. The results show that the bend–twist coupling and the distance between the aerodynamic centre and the rotation centre (representing the direction and magnitude of aerodynamic moments) play significant roles in determining the pitch dynamics.
Neurobiological regulation of eating behavior: Evidence based on non-invasive brain stimulation
Authors: Ester Theresa , Kullmann Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex is appreciated as a key neurobiological player in human eating behavior. A special focus is herein dedicated to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is critically involved in executive function such as cognitive control over eating. Persons with obesity display hypoactivity in this brain area, which is linked to overconsumption and food craving. Contrary to that, higher activity in the DLPFC is associated with successful weight-loss and weight-maintenance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation tool used to enhance self-control and inhibitory control. The number of studies using tDCS to influence eating behavior rapidly increased in the last years. However, the effectiveness of tDCS is still unclear, as studies show mixed results and individual differences were shown to be an important factor in the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation. Here, we describe the current state of research of human studies using tDCS to influence food intake, food craving, subjective feeling of hunger and body weight. Excitatory stimulation of the right DLPFC seems most promising to reduce food cravings to highly palatable food, while other studies provide evidence that stimulating the left DLPFC shows promising effects on weight loss and weight maintenance, especially in multisession approaches. Overall, the reported findings are heterogeneous pointing to large interindividual differences in tDCS responsiveness.