bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary injury and inflammation after intracerebral haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of molecular markers in patient brain tissue
Authors: Loan James JM , Kirby Caoimhe , Emelianova Katherine , Dando Owen R , Poon Michael TC , Pimenova Leisan , Hardingham Giles E , McColl Barry W , Klijn Catharina JM , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Schreuder Floris HBM , Samarasekera Neshika 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundInflammatory responses to intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are potential therapeutic targets. We aimed to quantify molecular markers of inflammation in human brain tissue after ICH compared with controls using meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched OVID MEDLINE (1946–) and Embase (1974–) in June 2020 for studies that reported any measure of a molecular marker of inflammation in brain tissue from five or more adults after ICH. We assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (mNOS; mNOS score 0–9; 9 indicates low bias), extracted aggregate data, and used random effects meta-analysis to pool associations of molecules where more than two independent case–control studies reported the same outcome and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis to identify over-represented biological processes in pooled sets of differentially expressed molecules (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ID: CRD42018110204).ResultsOf 7501 studies identified, 44 were included: 6 were case series and 38 were case–control studies (median mNOS score 4, IQR 3–5). We extracted data from 21 491 analyses of 20 951 molecules reported by 38 case–control studies. Only one molecule (interleukin-1β protein) was quantified in three case–control studies (127 ICH cases vs 41 ICH-free controls), which found increased abundance of interleukin-1β protein after ICH (corrected standardised mean difference 1.74, 95% CI 0.28 to 3.21, p=0.036, I2=46%). Processes associated with interleukin-1β signalling were enriched in sets of molecules that were more abundant after ICH.ConclusionInterleukin-1β abundance is increased after ICH, but analyses of other inflammatory molecules after ICH lack replication. Interleukin-1β pathway modulators may optimise inflammatory responses to ICH and merit testing in clinical trials.
Adenylate kinases of thermophilesAquifex aeolicusandGeobacillus stearothermophilus: biochemical and kinetic studies
Authors: Ludwiczak Agnieszka , Wujak Magdalena , Kozakiewicz Anna , Wojtczak Andrzej , Komoszyński Michał 
Published: August 2021

Adenylate kinases (AK) play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular energy. The aim of our work was to achieve the overproduction and purification of AKs from two groups of bacteria and to determine, for the first time, the comprehensive biochemical and kinetic properties of adenylate kinase from Gram-negative Aquifex aeolicus (AKaq) and Gram-positive Geobacillus stearothermophilus (AKst). Therefore we determined KMand Vmaxvalues, and the effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, donors of the phosphate groups and inhibitor Ap5A for both thermophilic AKs. The kinetic studies indicate that both AKs exhibit significantly higher affinity for substrates with the pyrophosphate group than for adenosine monophosphate. AK activation by Mg2+and Mn2+revealed that both ions are efficient in the synthesis of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate; however, Mn2+ions at 0.2–2.0 mmol/L concentration were more efficient in the activation of the ATP synthesis than Mg2+ions. Our research demonstrates that zinc ions inhibit the activity of enzymes in both directions, while Ap5A at a concentration of 10 µmol/L and 50 µmol/L inhibited both enzymes with a different efficiency. Sigmoid-like kinetics were detected at high ATP concentrations not balanced by Mg2+, suggesting the allosteric effect of ATP for both bacterial AKs.
Semiclassical approximation meets Keldysh–Schwinger diagrammatic technique: scalar $$\varphi ^4$$
Authors: Radovskaya A. A. , Semenov A. G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the evolution of the non-equilibrium quantum fields from a highly excited initial state in two approaches: the standard Keldysh–Schwinger diagram technique and the semiclassical expansion. We demonstrate explicitly that these two approaches coincide if the coupling constant g and the Plank constant $$\hbar $$
ħ
are simultaneously small. Also, we discuss loop diagrams of the perturbative approach, which are summed up by the leading order term of the semiclassical expansion. As an example, we consider shear viscosity for the scalar field theory at the leading semiclassical order. We introduce the new technique that unifies both semiclassical and diagrammatic approaches and open the possibility to perform the resummation of the semiclassical contributions.
Spherically symmetric anisotropic charged solution under complete geometric deformation approach
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Al Aamri Asma Mohammed , Al Aamri Athari Khalifa , Nag Riju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a new systematic approach to find the exact gravitationally decoupled anisotropic spherical solution in the presence of electric charge by using the complete geometric deformation (CGD) methodology. To do this, we apply the transformations over both gravitational potentials by introducing two unknown deformation functions. This new systematic approach allows us to obtain the exact solution of the field equations without imposing any particular ansatz for the deformation functions. Specifically, a well-known mimic approach and equation of state (EOS) have been applied together for solving the system of equations, which determine the radial and temporal deformation functions, respectively. The matching conditions at the boundary of the stellar objects with the exterior Reissner–Nordström metric are discussed in detail. In order to see the physical validity of the solution, we used well-behaved interior seed spacetime geometry and solved the system of equations using the above approaches. Next, we presented several physical properties of the solution through their graphical representations. The stability and dynamical equilibrium of the solution have been also discussed. Finally, we predicted the radii and mass-radius ratio for several compact objects for different decoupling parameters together with the impact of the decoupling parameters on the thermodynamical observables.
A note on the regular ideals of Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Royer Danilo 
Published: August 2021

We show that, for an arbitrary graph, a regular ideal of the associated Leavitt path algebra is also graded. As a consequence, for a row-finite graph, we obtain that the quotient of the associated Leavitt path by a regular ideal is again a Leavitt path algebra and that Condition (L) is preserved by quotients by regular ideals. Furthermore, we describe the vertex set of a regular ideal and make a comparison between the theory of regular ideals in Leavitt path algebras and in graph C*-algebras.
Phase II Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Remetinostat Gel in Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kilgour James M. , Shah Aatman , Urman Nicole M. , Eichstadt Shaundra , Do Hanh N. , Bailey Irene , Mirza Amar , Li Shufeng , Oro Anthony E. , Aasi Sumaira Z. , Sarin Kavita Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The mainstay of treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is surgical excision, which can result in significant associated morbidity, particularly for patients with recurrent tumors. We previously conducted a drug repositioning screen using molecular data from human BCCs and identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a potential treatment for BCC. Here we conduct the first proof-of-principle study of a topical pan-HDAC inhibitor, remetinostat, in human BCC.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a phase II, open-label, single-arm, single-institution trial of a topical HDAC inhibitor. Participants with at least one BCC were recruited. All participants applied 1% remetinostat gel three times daily for 6 weeks, with measurements of tumor diameter conducted at baseline and week 8. Surgical excision of the remaining tumor was conducted at the end of the study and microscopic evaluation was performed.

Results:
Thirty-three per-protocol tumors from 25 participants were included in the analysis. The overall response rate, defined as the proportion of tumors achieving more than 30% decrease in the longest diameter from baseline to week 8, was 69.7% [90% confidence interval (CI), 54%–82.5%]. On pathologic examination, 54.8% of tumors demonstrated complete resolution. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated similar levels of acetylated histone H3 in skin tissue before and after treatment, however, phosphorylation was increased. No systemic adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:
The HDAC inhibitor remetinostat is a well-tolerated and effective topical treatment for reducing BCC disease burden in a clinically significant manner. This provides in-human validation of HDAC inhibitors as a therapy for BCC.
Cultural Destruction and Mass Atrocity Crimes: Strengthening Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Paauwe Juliette , Pittalwala Jahaan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Attacks against or affecting cultural heritage have been prosecuted exclusively as war crimes at both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court. However, this jurisprudence has limited the very concept of cultural heritage to solely tangible or physical manifestations of culture, excluding the numerous intangible cultural expressions of a given collective. This has precluded a constitutive link between attacks on cultural elements and crimes against humanity and genocide, and ignored the myriad ways in which the destruction of cultural heritage can adversely affect protected groups, including the disintegration of their collective identity. The rights of minority and indigenous populations such as the Uighurs in China can be better protected if acts damaging culture, including intangible cultural heritage, are inherently linked to crimes against humanity and genocide as this will compel states to better acknowledge, address, and prevent these crimes, in line with their obligations under the Responsibility to Protect.
Class Struggle from Above and from Below during the covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azzellini Dario 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Crises under capitalism, as historical analysis proves, tend to entail a transfer of wealth from the poor to the wealthy. Inequalities between poor and wealthy, between people of color and white people, between North and South and between genders are increasing. Most scholars will agree that this is also happening on a global level as a consequence of the handling of the covid-19 pandemic. However, there is a lot of disagreement regarding the evaluation of workers’ resistance. Some observe a global increase in workers’ struggles since the pandemic took hold in March 2020, some deny it, and others, maybe most, pay little attention to workers’ struggles. The differing points of view also go back to diverging positions on the importance of class, labor and workers’ organization. This article outlines the dimensions of the class war from above, provides an initial overview and systematization of the workers’ struggles, discusses the transformative power of workers’ struggles and presents a preliminary evaluation.
Pulmonary Embolism and Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Song Yohan , Ayoub Noel , Chen Jenny X. , Alyono Jennifer C. , Welling D. Bradley 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe the presentation and treatment of patients developing pulmonary embolism following translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients at 2 academic tertiary medical centers who developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism post-operatively following translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection and were found to have evidence of sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Results: Three patients were identified to have post-operative pulmonary emboli after translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection with sigmoid sinus or internal jugular vein clots in the absence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Caprini scores for these patients were 5 or lower. All patients underwent CT pulmonary angiography and were confirmed to have pulmonary emboli. Two were promptly anticoagulated with heparin drips and transitioned to long-term oral anticoagulation therapy and 1 had delayed anticoagulation. None of these patients suffered from intracranial hemorrhage post-operatively. Conclusions: Patients undergoing translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma can develop pulmonary embolism from sigmoid sinus entry or thrombosis. No clear guidelines exist for the management of this complication in the setting of recent craniotomy and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage must be considered prior to initiating anticoagulation.
Vascular Loops: The Innocent Bystander for Vestibular Paroxysmia
Authors: Teh Carren Sui-Lin , Noordiana Siti Hajar , Shamini Shanmugalingam , Prepageran Narayanan 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Vestibular paroxysmia (VP) is a condition with recurrent short bouts of vertigo and is thought to be part of a neurovascular compression syndrome caused by the vascular loop. However, this is still being debated as vascular loops are considered as normal variants with limited studies involving vertiginous patients. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to study the association between audiovestibular symptoms and the presence of vascular loops and to study the association between vestibular paroxysmia and vascular loops. Design: This is a retrospective analysis of clinical, audiological and MRI findings of patients with and without vascular loops and vestibular paroxysmia from 2000 to 2020. Results: A total of 470 MRI Internal Auditory Meatus scans were performed during the study period of which, 71 (15.1%) had vascular loops and 162 (34.5%) had normal MRI which were used as controls. From the 233 subjects recruited, there were 37 subjects with VP and 196 non VP subjects were used as controls. There was no association between the vascular loop and control groups in terms of co-morbidity and audiovestibular symptoms. The VP group had a significantly older mean age of 51.8 (SD ± 10.3) as compared to the non VP group with the mean age of 45.6 (SD ± 15.5). The VP group had higher number of patients presenting with hearing loss at 97.3% when compared with those without VP (80.1%) ( P = .01). The odds of having a vascular loop giving rise to VP was not statistically significant at 0.82 (95% CI 0.3735-1.7989) P = .62. Conclusion: The vascular loop is a normal variant which may or may not give rise to audiovestibular symptoms or vestibular paroxysmia. Clinical assessment is still most important tool in deriving a diagnosis of VP and MRI may be useful to rule out other central causes.
Assessing the Financial Implications of COVID-19 Within the SVAR Framework for Some Asian Countries
Authors: Narayan Seema , Purnaningrum Evita , Khawari Baqir 
Published: August 2021

This article examines the structural responses of foreign exchange and equity markets to the COVID-19 pandemic in seven Asian countries over its first 4 months (31 December 2019 to 1 May 2020). Marginal effects derived from a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model suggest that a 1% increase in incidence of COVID-19 cases significantly diminished Indonesia’s equity market returns by 4.7%, depreciated the Indian rupee against the US dollar by 4.8%, but improved equity prospects in South Korea by 4.1%. For the other financial markets, the effect of COVID-19 was found to be insignificant. Further, the impulse response analyses imply that the influence of COVID-19 on foreign exchange and equity markets is only transitory in nature. Additional SVAR analysis for India and Indonesia over recent months (2 May 2020 to 22 January 2021) showed that their financial markets remained (or became) resistant to the escalating incidence of COVID-19 inflections and deaths. JEL Code: G15
Outcomes of Surgically Treated Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in Major League Soccer Athletes
Authors: Stone Jonathan A. , Miranda Alejandro D. , Gerhardt Michael B. , Mandelbaum Bert R. , Giza Eric 
Published: August 2021

Background: Sports-related fractures of the fifth metatarsal are common in professional athletes. Data regarding outcomes of surgical management including refracture, complications, and return-to-play statistics are available for other professional American sports with a notable exception of soccer. Purpose: To quantify the burden of operative fifth metatarsal fractures in Major League Soccer (MLS) athletes, to compare outcomes as well as refracture and complication rates with other professional sports, to analyze factors that may contribute to treatment failure, and to report on return-to-play characteristics for affected players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We searched all injuries in the prospectively collected HealtheAthlete database for MLS for operative fifth metatarsal fractures for seasons 2013 to 2017. Additional information regarding each fracture including demographics, treatment, postoperative course, and return-to-play statistics were compiled from HealtheAthlete and supplemented by teams’ chief medical officers, coaches, trainers, and online sources. Results: There were 21 fractures in 18 players during the study period. Mean time to radiographic healing was 8.5 weeks (n = 17). Mean time to return to play was 11.1 weeks (n = 19). Of 21 fractures, 20 (95%) players returned to sport. Of 18 players, 4 (22.2%) experienced refracture. Of 18 players, 5 (27.8%) and 2 (11.1%) reported previous stress injuries on the contralateral and ipsilateral limb, respectively. Player performance characteristics showed small declines in the first year of return that improved by the second year. Conclusion: MLS athletes who sustain a sports-related fifth metatarsal fracture can expect a high rate of return to sport with time to radiographic healing and return to play as well as risk of refracture similar to other professional cohorts.
Evaluation of potential toxicity of Steriplant©N aerosolization toward human alveolar cells A459 in vitro
Authors: Pintarič Robert , Matela Jože , Pintarič Štefan , Novak Matjaž , Filipič Metka 
Published: August 2021

Protection of patients against hospital-acquired infections is of major importance. Disinfection of magnetic resonance imaging suites is, due to their unique properties and environment particularly, difficult to implement. We developed an OPTI-JET CS MD 2ZE aerosolizator for disinfection of a magnetic resonance imaging suite using the electrolyzed oxidizing water biocide Steriplant©N. The disinfection of the magnetic resonance imaging suite with this system reduced from the number of colony formed unit/m3 air by 87% and 96% in 6 and 15 min of disinfection, respectively. It is well known that exposure of personnel or patients to aerosols may represent risk to the respiratory system; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Steriplant©N aerosolization toward human alveolar cells A459 in vitro . The A459 cells were exposed to aerosol containing different concentrations (50% and 100% v/v) of Steripalnt©N for 6 min in a chamber that had been constructed to simulate the conditions in the magnetic resonance imaging suite. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring iodide uptake, and the genotoxicity was determined by measuring formation of phosphorylated H2AX histones, a marker for deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks, immediately after the aerosolization and after 1, 4, and 24 h postincubation. The results demonstrated that aerosolization with Steriplant©N at conditions reflecting aerosolization in a magnetic resonance imaging suite is not cytotoxic and does not exhibit genotoxic potential in vitro.
Goals of Care Discussions Over the Course of a Patient’s End of Life Admission: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Perera Natalie , Gold Michelle , O’Driscoll Lisa , Katz Naomi T. 
Published: August 2021

Background: As deaths in hospitals increase, clear discussions regarding resuscitation status and treatment limitations, referred to as goals of care (GOC), are vital. GOC may need revision as disease and patient priorities change over time. There is limited data about who is involved in GOC discussions, and how this changes as patients deteriorate in hospital. Aims: To review the timing and clinicians involved in GOC discussions for a cohort of patients who died in hospital. Methods: Retrospective observational audit of 80 consecutive end of life admissions between March 11th and April 9th, 2019. Results: Of 80 patients, 75 (93.6%) had GOC recorded during their admission, about half for ward-based non-burdensome symptom management or end-of-life care. GOC were revised in 68.0% of cases. Medical staff involved in initial versus final GOC discussions included home team junior doctor (54.7% versus 72.5%), home team consultant (37.3% versus 56.9%) and ICU doctor (16.0% versus 21.6%). For initial versus final GOC decisions, patients were involved in 34.7% versus 31.4%, and family in 53.3% versus 86.3%. Dying was documented for 92.0% of patients and this was documented to have been communicated to the family and patient in 98.6% and 19.5% of cases respectively. Conclusions: As patients deteriorated, family and senior clinician involvement in GOC discussions increased, but patient involvement did not. Junior doctors were most heavily involved in discussions. We advocate for further GOC training and modeling to enhance junior doctors’ confidence and competence in conducting and involving patients and families in GOC conversations.
Feline temporal lobe epilepsy: seven cases of hippocampal and piriform lobe necrosis in England and literature review
Authors: Scalia Bruno , Caine Abby , Pittaway Rachel , Cherubini Giunio Bruto 
Published: August 2021

Case series summary Seven cases of feline hippocampal and piriform lobe necrosis (FHN) are described, with particular emphasis on clinical, radiographic and histopathological correlations. FHN is an uncommon acute epileptic condition resembling human autoimmune limbic encephalitis and temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizures are typically focal and feature uni- or bilateral orofacial or head twitching, hypersalivation, lip smacking, mydriasis, vocalisation and motionless staring, with inter-ictal behavioural changes such as unprovoked aggression and rapid running. Emerging evidence supports an autoimmune aetiology, although disruption of hippocampal architecture secondary to brain neoplasia has also been recognised. Most commonly, however, the underlying cause remains unknown. Diagnosis is achieved clinically and with brain MRI; electroencephalography and voltage-gated potassium channel-complex autoantibodies are currently the subject of research. Affected cats are frequently refractory to conventional antiepileptic treatment. Relevance and novel information Following a review of the literature, including potential complicating factors and comparisons with human medicine, the hippocampus and piriform lobe are proposed as the neuroanatomical localisation for focal seizures with orofacial involvement in cats, regardless of aetiology.