bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hospitalization outcomes for delivery and resource utilization between pregnant women with kidney transplants and chronic kidney disease in the United States
Authors: Chewcharat Api , Kattah Andrea G. , Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Gonzalez Suarez Maria L. , Craici Iasmina M. , Garovic Vesna D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess outcomes of delivery hospitalizations, including acute kidney injury (AKI), obstetric and foetal events and resource utilization among pregnant women with kidney transplants compared with pregnant women with no known kidney disease and those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 3–5.MethodHospitalizations for delivery in the US were identified using the enhanced delivery identification method in the National Inpatient Sample dataset from the years 2009 to 2014. Diagnoses of CKD Stages 3–5, kidney transplantation, along with obstetric events, delivery methods and foetal events were identified using ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis and procedure codes. Patients with no known kidney disease group were identified by excluding any diagnoses of CKD, end stage kidney disease, and kidney transplant. Multivariable logistic regression accounting for the survey weights and matched regression was conducted to investigate the risk of maternal and foetal complications in women with kidney transplants, compared with women with no kidney transplants and no known kidney disease, and to women with CKD Stages 3–5.ResultA total of 5, 408, 215 hospitalizations resulting in deliveries were identified from 2009 to 2014, including 405 women with CKD Stages 3–5, 295 women with functioning kidney transplants, and 5, 405, 499 women with no known kidney disease. Compared with pregnant women with no known kidney disease, pregnant kidney transplant recipients were at higher odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR = 3.11, 95% CI [2.26, 4.28]), preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP syndrome (OR = 3.42, 95% CI [2.54, 4.60]), preterm delivery (OR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.75, 3.45]), foetal growth restriction (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.01, 3.00]) and AKI (OR = 10.46, 95% CI [5.33, 20.56]). There were no significant differences in rates of gestational diabetes or caesarean section. Pregnant women with kidney transplants had 1.30‐times longer lengths of stay and 1.28‐times higher costs of hospitalization. However, pregnant women with CKD Stages 3–5 were at higher odds of AKI (OR = 5.29, 95% CI [2.41, 11.59]), preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP syndrome (OR = 1.72, 95% CI [1.07, 2.76]) and foetal deaths (OR = 3.20, 95% CI [1.06, 10.24]), and had 1.28‐times longer hospital stays and 1.37‐times higher costs of hospitalization compared with pregnant women with kidney transplant.ConclusionPregnant women with kidney transplant were more likely to experience adverse events during delivery and had longer lengths of stay and higher total charges when compared with women with no known kidney disease. However, pregnant women with moderate to severe CKD were more likely to experience serious complications than kidney transplant recipients.
BURIAL IN EARLY MEDIEVAL WALES: IDENTIFYING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CEMETERIES
Authors: Shiner Marion R. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBurial grounds and secular settlements in early medieval Wales (fifth to eleventh centuries AD) are understood to have been in geographically separate locations. In contrast, it is known that in England and on the Continent during this period burial began to be integrated within settlements. Changes in burial practice also occurred in Ireland, where early medieval ‘cemetery settlements’ with integrated burial and non‐funerary activity are a relatively recent discovery. This paper presents a reassessment of the archaeological evidence from five published early medieval Welsh cemeteries and one recently‐excavated example. It will demonstrate that these Welsh cemeteries share a number of attributes with Irish cemetery settlements and will critically evaluate the significance of this for our understanding of early medieval Wales. The paper will conclude that such sites are better conceptualized as ‘multifunctional cemeteries’, rather than ‘cemetery settlements’.
Identification and characterization of a UbK family kinase in Porphyromonas gingivalis that phosphorylates the RprY response regulator
Authors: Perpich John D. , Yakoumatos Lan , Johns Parker , Stocke Kendall S. , Fitzsimonds Zackary R. , Wilkey Daniel W. , Merchant Michael L. , Miller Daniel P. , Lamont Richard J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosphorylation of proteins is a key component of bacterial signaling systems that can control important functions such as community development and virulence. We report here the identification of a Ubiquitous bacterial Kinase (UbK) family member, designated UbK1, in the anaerobic periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. UbK1 contains conserved SPT/S, Hanks‐type HxDxYR, EW, and Walker A motifs, and a mutation analysis established the Walker A domain and the Hanks‐type domain as required for both autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation. UbK1 autophosphorylates on the proximal serine in the SPT/S domain as well as the tyrosine residue within the HxDxYR domain and the tyrosine residue immediately proximal, indicating both serine/threonine and tyrosine specificity. The orphan two‐component system response regulator (RR) RprY was phosphorylated on Y41 in the receiver domain by UbK1. The ubk1 gene is essential in P. gingivalis; however, overexpression of UbK1 showed that UbK1‐mediated phosphorylation of RprY functions predominantly to augment its properties as a transcriptional enhancer. These results establish that P. gingivalis possesses an active UbK kinase in addition to a previously described Bacterial Tyrosine family kinase. The RR RprY is identified as the first transcriptional regulator controlled by a UbK enzyme.
Phenotypic identification of near isogenic maize teosinte lines (Zea spp.) involved for resistance to gray leaf spot
Authors: Guerrero‐Corona Abraham , Santacruz Ruvalcaba Fernando , Alberto Sánchez Nuño José , Moya Raygoza Gustavo , Ariel Ruiz Corral José , De la Cruz Larios Lino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWild germplasm of Zea is a source of variation that could be used in plant breeding to improve maize resistance to diseases such as gray leaf spot (GLS). The objectives were to develop a set of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) carrying introgressions from almost all known wild teosinte taxa in a common maize inbred line background (CML311) and to identify NILs expressing superior resistance to GLS. We developed 2,208 BC3‐derived NILs representing 79 different teosinte populations of 10 taxa as donor parents. We compared the means of NILs grouped by donor to the recurrent and identified donor population El Saucito, (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis race Balsas) as the donor source of NILs with highest mean resistance to GLS. Among the 2,208 NILs, 116 representing diverse introgressions of Zea donors were significantly more resistant than CML311. The most resistant individual line was T1662, derived from San Antonio Tlaltecahuacan donor (Zea mays ssp. mexicana, race Chalco). NILs were characterized for flowering time and yield, and we identified correlations between resistance to GLS and later flowering and lower grain yield.
Arabidopsis root growth and development under metal exposure presented in an adverse outcome pathway framework
Authors: van Dijk Jesper R. , Kranchev Mario , Blust Ronny , Cuypers Ann , Vissenberg Kris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to human activities, soils become more and more polluted with metals, which imposes risks for human health and wildlife welfare. As most of the metals end up in the food chain through accumulation in plants, we need to establish science‐based environmental criteria and risk management policies. To meet these necessities, a thorough understanding is required of how these metals accumulate in and affect plants. Many studies have been conducted towards this aim, but strikingly, only a few entries can be found in ecotoxicological databases, especially on Arabidopsis thaliana, which serves as a model species for plant (cell) physiology and genetic studies. As experimental conditions seem to vary considerably throughout literature, extrapolation or comparison of data is rather difficult or should be approached with caution. Furthermore, metal‐polluted soils often contain more than one metal, yet limited studies investigated the impact of metal mixtures on plants. This review aims to compile all data concerning root system architecture under Cu, Cd and Zn stress, in single or multi‐metal exposure in A. thaliana, and link it to metal‐induced responses at different biological levels. Global incorporation into an adverse outcome pathway framework is presented.
Treatment of indolent cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with hypofractionated radiation therapy in three cats
Authors: Chadsey Laura E. , Cook Matthew R. , Green Eric E. , Jennings Ryan N. , Moore Peter F. , Vernau William , Kisseberth William C. , Diaz Sandra F. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFeline indolent cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (ICL) is an uncommon neoplastic disease. There is currently no consensus on treatment recommendations for ICL.ObjectiveTo report the clinical outcome of three cats with ICL treated with hypofractionated electron‐beam radiotherapy (RT).AnimalsThree privately owned cats with ICL.Materials and methodsMedical records and client surveys were reviewed. A diagnosis of probable ICL was based on history, clinical presentation and histopathological findings, and confirmed using CD3 immunohistochemical analysis and PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement (PARR). All cats were treated with hypofractionated RT (four fractions of 8 Gy).ResultsAll cats presented with skin lesions characterised by erythema and alopecia that were refractory to previous treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. Before hypofractionated RT treatment, lesions were histologically described as having diffuse infiltration of the dermis with CD3+ T cells. Molecular clonality analysis revealed clonal T‐cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement. After RT, two cats showed histological improvement defined by decreased infiltration of lymphocytes, with cellular infiltrate present only in the deeper dermis; one cat had near complete histological resolution of lesions with only minimal residual lymphocytes. One cat was determined to have a complete clinical response while the other showed partial responses. No acute adverse effects of radiation were observed; chronic effects included leukotrichia, partial alopecia and mild fibrosis. All clients reported improvement in quality of life for their cats.Conclusions and clinical importanceClinical and histological improvement in these cats suggests that hypofractionated RT can be a useful treatment modality for cats with ICL
Cranial translation of the elevated prepuce in dogs before and after two modifications: A cadaveric study
Authors: Yiapanis Christos , Atamna Raya , Gan El Mirit , Shipov Anna , Chochlios Tryfon , Milgram Josh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify cranial translation of the prepuce after elevating it from the ventral body wall and to compare it to the cranial translation achieved after each of two modifications expected to increase cranial translation.Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationTen male dogs.MethodsAll procedures were performed with dogs in dorsal recumbency. A urinary catheter with an attached millimeter scale was secured in the urethra and the penis was sutured to the ventral body wall to eliminate relative movement between the penis and prepuce. Three preplaced sutures between the prepuce and linea alba, at increasing distances from the prepuce, were used to translate the prepuce cranially. The prepuce was tested after elevating it from the ventral body wall, and after sequentially releasing the skin caudal to the prepuce (modification 1) and the attachment of the lamina interna to the penis (modification 2). The preplaced sutures were tightened and loosened sequentially from caudal to cranial, and the location of the dorsal aspect of the preputial opening on the millimeter scale was noted prior to, and after tightening each of the sutures.ResultsMaximum mean (range) cranial translation of the prepuce after elevating the prepuce, and after modifications 1 and 2, was 15 mm (5–26 mm), 25 mm (15–30 mm), and 37 mm (24–50 mm), respectively.ConclusionModifications described increased cranial translation of the prepuce.Clinical significanceModifications described in this study may provide alternate strategies for the treatment of dogs with severe paraphimosis.
Climate Change Adaptation in the British Columbia Wine Industry Can Carbon Sequestration Technology Lower the BC Wine Industry’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions?
Authors: Cartier Lee , Lembke Svan 
Published: July 2021

This paper measures the benefits and costs of using biochar, a carbon sequestration technology in the British Columbia (BC) wine industry. It was found that the use of biochar, produced from wine industry waste, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and make a significant economic contribution to the BC wine industry. An economic model was developed to calculate the value-added from each of the three sectors that comprise the BC Wine industry value chain. The model uses biochar, produced from grape prunings and pomace, as a soil amendment in the vineyards. Grapes produced from these vineyards are used to produce wine. The assumptions for each variable used in this study are drawn from the literature and prior research by the authors. In addition to achieving the industry’s sustainability goals, each sector of the wine value chain is potentially profitable, however producing biochar as a profitable independent business is likely minimal compared to what could be achieved along the value chain with increased yields of the same quality. Biochar as a soil amendment is a long-term investment for farmers with results best assessed after multiple years. Future research is needed to better understand the biochar production process as an integral part of the BC wine industry, the carbon sequestration benefits, the specific increases in long-term grape yields and wine production. Also, the industry willingness to re-evaluate and change present industry practices, and other important benefits that can be derived from marketing climate friendly wine to BC consumers needs to be understood.
Hide and seek in a pandemic: review of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and sequelae in children
Authors: Clark John A. , Pathan Nazima 
Published: July 2021

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
A description of the current literature relating to COVID‐19 infection in children and the associated inflammatory condition, paediatric multi‐inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 (PIMS‐TS).
What advances does it highlight?
Children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have a distinct clinical phenotype when compared to adults. This may relate to relative differences in their adaptive immunity and in the degree and distribution of expression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor (angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2). There are several similarities between PIMS‐TS, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and other known inflammatory disorders such as macrophage activation syndrome. Few data are available to date regarding vaccination responses of children against COVID‐19.
AbstractChildren infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 have a clinical phenotype that is distinct from that observed in adult cases. They can present with a range of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, or with a delayed hyperinflammatory syndrome (paediatric multisystem inflammatory system temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2; PIMS‐TS) that frequently requires treatment in an intensive care unit. These manifestations may be related to unique expression of transmembrane receptors and immune physiology in children. The clinical features and inflammatory profile of PIMS‐TS are similar to other inflammatory disorders that occur in children such as Kawasaki disease, macrophage activation syndrome and sepsis. Given children are infected less frequently and have less severe disease due to COVID‐19 compared to adults, their physiological profile is of great interest. An understanding of the unique mechanisms of infection and disease in children could aid the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Like adults, children can have long‐term complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including neurological and cardiac morbidity. Vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 is not yet authorised in children aged <12 years, and hence we anticipate ongoing paediatric presentations of COVID‐19 in the coming months.
Función docente ideal/real en las representaciones sociales del profesorado
Authors: Vecina-Merchante Carlos , San Román-Gago Sonsoles 
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación analiza representaciones sociales del profesorado y su función, para conocer si existen discursos justificativos y cuál es su estructura. Emplea una metodología cualitativa de técnicas de análisis del discurso y grupos de discusión. Los resultados indican tres representaciones sobre su función docente ideal, contrapuestas a las representaciones sobre las que se materializa la práctica, que van desde una tipología de docentes de la ortodoxia instrumental hasta el aperturismo vital del alumnado. Como conclusión, se plantea que es necesario considerar esa diversidad interiorizada en el profesorado, tanto en el diseño como en la implementación de las políticas educativas.
Reseña del libro Bordes, límites y fronteras. Encuentros etnográficos con niños, niñas y adolescentes, editado por Alba Lucy Guerrero, Ángeles Clemente, Diana Milstein & Maria Dantas-Whitney
Authors: Bácares-Jara Camilo , Bertoli Anny 
Published: July 2021

El libro que reseñamos a continuación no es casual ni está desconectado de un proyecto mayor. A ciencia cierta, es el segundo volumen publicado por los miembros de la Red Internacional de Etnografía con Niños, Niñas, Adolescentes y Jóvenes (RIENN) sobre etnografía colaborativa y niñez, compilado por varias de las mismas autoras y Michael Higgins (Milstein, Clemente, Dantas-Whitney, Guerrero & Higgins, 2001). Así, lo que se podría nombrar como una antropología de la infancia —en este caso más aplicada al campo educativo— es, quizás, junto a la historia de la infancia y la sociología de la infancia (Castillo, 2015; Gaitán, 2006; Rodríguez-Pascual, 2007; Sosenski, 2016), una de las vertientes disciplinares que más se han intere- sado por plantear que los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes (NNA) resultan ser productores de conocimiento, quienes, sobre terreno y en su propio contexto, pueden ver los fenómenos de otra manera, sin las ataduras y los códigos de los adultos.
A Self-Determined Exploration of Adolescents’ and Parents’ Experiences Derived From a Multidimensional School-Based Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Ferriz Roberto , Jiménez-Loaisa Alejandro , González-Cutre David , Romero-Elías María , Beltrán-Carrillo Vicente J. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Adolescents’ and parents’ experiences within a multidimensional school-based physical activity intervention grounded on self-determination theory were explored. Method: Qualitative data from 29 adolescents (aged 15–17 years) and three parents on behalf of the total students’ families were collected via participant observation (research diary), semistructured interviews, and focus groups. Results: Adolescents perceived that the application of motivational strategies, based on self-determination theory, satisfied their basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, favored self-determined motivation, and gave rise to adaptive consequences (improved physical activity knowledge, creation of affective bonds, and increased leisure-time physical activity). These results were supported by the information reported by the students’ parents. Discussion/Conclusions: The findings support the implementation of self-determination theory-based multidimensional interventions to promote adolescents’ physical activity participation. This study also presents several motivational strategies which could be useful for the design and implementation of future school-based physical activity interventions.
Pay for performance in primary care: the contribution of the Programme for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ) on avoidable hospitalisations in Brazil, 2009–2018
Authors: Russo Letícia Xander , Powell-Jackson Timothy , Maia Barreto Jorge Otavio , Borghi Josephine , Kovacs Roxanne , Gurgel Junior Garibaldi Dantas , Gomes Luciano Bezerra , Sampaio Juliana , Shimizu Helena Eri , de Sousa Allan Nuno Alves , Bezerra Adriana Falangola Benjamin , Stein Airton Tetelbom , Silva Everton Nunes 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEvidence on the effect of pay-for-performance (P4P) schemes on provider performance is mixed in low-income and middle-income countries. Brazil introduced its first national-level P4P scheme in 2011 (PMAQ-Brazilian National Programme for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality). PMAQ is likely one of the largest P4P schemes in the world. We estimate the association between PMAQ and hospitalisations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) based on a panel of 5564 municipalities.MethodsWe conducted a fixed effect panel data analysis over the period of 2009–2018, controlling for coverage of primary healthcare, hospital beds per 10 000 population, education, real gross domestic product per capita and population density. The outcome is the hospitalisation rate for ACSCs among people aged 64 years and under per 10 000 population. Our exposure variable is defined as the percentage of family health teams participating in PMAQ, which captures the roll-out of PMAQ over time. We also provided several sensitivity analyses, by using alternative measures of the exposure and outcome variables, and a placebo test using transport accident hospitalisations instead of ACSCs.ResultsThe results show a negative and statistically significant association between the rollout of PMAQ and ACSC rates for all age groups. An increase in PMAQ participating of one percentage point decreased the hospitalisation rate for ACSC by 0.0356 (SE 0.0123, p=0.004) per 10 000 population (aged 0–64 years). This corresponds to a reduction of approximately 60 829 hospitalisations in 2018. The impact is stronger for children under 5 years (−0.0940, SE 0.0375, p=0.012), representing a reduction of around 11 936 hospitalisations. Our placebo test shows that the association of PMAQ on the hospitalisation rate for transport accidents is not statistically significant, as expected.ConclusionWe find that PMAQ was associated with a modest reduction in hospitalisation for ACSCs.
Development of a customised data management system for a COVID-19-adapted colorectal cancer pathway
Authors: Miller Janice , Gunn Frances , Dunlop Malcolm G , Din Farhat VN , Maeda Yasuko 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesA customised data management system was required for a rapidly implemented COVID-19-adapted colorectal cancer pathway in order to mitigate the risks of delayed and missed diagnoses during the pandemic. We assessed its performance and robustness.MethodsA system was developed using Microsoft Excel (2007) to retain the spreadsheets’ intuitiveness of direct data entry. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) was used to construct a user-friendly interface to enhance efficiency of data entry and segregate the data for operational tasks.ResultsLarge data segregation was possible using VBA macros. Data validation and conditional formatting minimised data entry errors. Computation by the COUNT function facilitated live data monitoring.ConclusionIt is possible to rapidly implement a makeshift database system with clinicians’ regular input. Large-volume data management using a spreadsheet system is possible with appropriate data definition and VBA-programmed data segregation. The described concept is applicable to any data management system construction requiring speed and flexibility in a resource-limited situation.