bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CyTOF: An Emerging Technology for Single‐Cell Proteomics in the Mouse
Authors: Tracey Lauren J. , An Yeji , Justice Monica J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability to analyze the proteome of single cells is critical for the advancement of studies of steady‐state and pathological processes. Mass cytometry, or CyTOF, combines principles of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry to enable single‐cell analysis of protein expression. CyTOF can simultaneously assess DNA content and proteins and has the capacity to measure 40 to 100 parameters in each cell. Applying this technology to tissues or cells on slides, termed imaging mass cytometry (IMC), allows for visualization of normal and diseased tissues in situ. The high‐dimensional proteomic analysis that can be undertaken with CyTOF and IMC has the potential to enhance our understanding of complex and heterogeneous developmental and disease pathways. This article will describe the CyTOF experimental workflow, including reagent selection, sample preparation, and data analysis. CyTOF is compared to flow cytometry, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of these powerful techniques. Importantly, we review key studies in mouse models of human disease that highlight the strength of CyTOF and IMC to drive discovery research and therapeutic advancement. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mechanoenzymology: State of the Art and Challenges towards Highly Sustainable Biocatalysis
Authors: Pérez‐Venegas Mario , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal awareness of the importance of developing environmentally friendlier and more sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds has led to the design of novel synthetic strategies, involving bio‐ and organocatalysis as well as the application of novel efficient and ground‐breaking technologies such as present‐day solvent‐free mechanochemistry. In this regard, the evaluation of biocatalytic protocols mediated by the combination of mechanical activation and enzymatic catalysis has recently attracted the attention of the chemical community. Such mechanoenzymatic strategy represents an innovative and promising “green” approach in chemical synthesis that poses nevertheless new paradigms regarding the relative resilience of biomolecules to the mechanochemical stress and to the apparent high energy, at least in so‐called hot‐spots, during the milling process. Herein, relevant comments on the conceptualization of such mechanoenzymatic approach as a sustainable option in chemical synthesis, recent progress in the area, and associated challenges are discussed.
A fourth‐order bidirectional DC–DC converter for interfacing battery in a solar ‐photovoltaic‐fed low‐voltage residential DC nano‐grid: Design and analysis
Authors: Saxena Anmol Ratna , Kulshreshtha Ashima 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a non‐isolated fourth‐order bidirectional DC–DC converter (FoBiDC) which exhibits continuous input and output current together with minimum‐phase response, both during buck and boost modes, is proposed and analyzed. It is then used to interface a battery in a solar photovoltaic (SPV) fed low‐voltage low‐power residential DC nano‐grid (LVRDNG). The design equations for the converter are derived by performing steady‐state and time‐domain analysis. The small‐signal models are developed and used for designing voltage‐mode controller to regulate the DC bus voltage of LVRDNG and perform stability analysis. The small‐signal analysis reveals the possibility of right‐half plane (RHP) zero and formation of an up–down glitch in the frequency response of converter transfer functions which results in slower dynamic response and increased sub‐system interactions. Therefore, an optimized power stage design methodology, using particle swarm optimization (PSO), is adopted for optimal parameter selection with the aim to shift RHP zero to left‐half plane (LHP) and to mitigate the effect of up–down glitch. The effect of sub‐system interactions, arising due to interfacing of FoBiDC, on other coherently operating converter in the LVRDNG is also analyzed by formulating an integrated small‐signal model of LVRDNG. The scaled down laboratory prototype of FoBiDC and LVRDNG is developed to experimentally validate the steady‐state and dynamic performance. The theoretical and experimental results are found to be in close correlation with each other.
Adaptive multiple access assists multiple users over multiple‐input‐multiple‐output non‐orthogonal multiple access wireless networks
Authors: Tran Thanh‐Nam , Voznak Miroslav 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe works in this study examine three scenarios. The scenario (I) as a common scenario with the base station (BS) and users are equipped with multiple antennae over Nakagami‐m fading channels. To improve system performance, the transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximization of successive interference cancellation (max‐SIC) framework are deployed. A novel cumulative distribute function (CDF) for the scenario (I) is proposed, and the outage probability (OP) in novel closed form can be obtained. It is challenging due to scenario (I) consists of massive users equipped with multiple antennae over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Therefore, this study proposes scenario (II) with a maximum of SIC and minimum of instantaneous bit rate (max‐SIC‐min‐rate) framework for aiding multiple access to reduce the algorithm complexity of the scenario (I). Some adaptive multiple access strategies are proposed as adaptive PA factors, adaptive min–max bit rate threshold, and adaptive Nakagami‐m coefficient are proposed. Finally, the scenario (III) is examined by also applying the max‐SIC‐min‐rate framework as the scenario (II), however, comparing to the adaptive min–max bit rate threshold to investigate the OP, system throughput, and energy‐efficient (EE) performances. The obtained results as shown in the numerical results section confirm that, on one hand, the system performance of the scenario (II) is approximate or better than the scenario (I) at the same transmit power; on another hand, the scenario (III) reaches the system throughput and EE performances better than the other scenarios at the high transmit power. The analysis results are proved and verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.
The natural history of sporadic non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors: Can we wait and see?
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Tsuji Yosuke , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kubota Dai , Sato Junichi , Obata Miho , Cho Rina , Nagao Sayaka , Sakuma Nobuyuki , Tamura Naoki , Miura Yuko , Fukagawa Kazushi , Ohki Daisuke , Mizutani Hiroya , Takeuchi Chihiro , Takahashi Yu , Minatsuki Chihiro , Niimi Keiko , Yamamichi Nobutake , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe natural history of sporadic non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the history of SNADETs in patients where immediate resection could not be performed.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study of 86 consecutive cases of SNADETs who did not undergo immediate resection and were followed‐up with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for more than 6 months.ResultsDuring a follow‐up period of 36.8 (6.0–613.0) months, macroscopic progression was admitted in eight (9.3%). Of these, the final histology in four was adenocarcinoma, and three cases demonstrated submucosal invasion. Rates of macroscopic progression at 150 months after detection were 11.1%, 16.7%, and 30.0% for SNADETs <5 mm, <10 mm, and ≥10 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe overall risk of SNADETs progressing to invasive cancer is low. However, changes in macroscopic size or shape of SNADETs signify a high risk of progression to invasive cancer.
Validation of the nine itemARFIDscreen (NIAS) subscales for distinguishingARFIDpresentations and screening forARFID
Authors: Burton Murray Helen , Dreier Melissa J. , Zickgraf Hana F. , Becker Kendra R. , Breithaupt Lauren , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Screen (NIAS) has three subscales aligned with ARFID presentations but clinically validated cutoff scores have not been identified. We aimed to examine NIAS subscale (picky eating, appetite, fear) validity to: (1) capture clinically‐diagnosed ARFID presentations; (2) differentiate ARFID from other eating disorders (other‐ED); and (3) capture ARFID symptoms among individuals with ARFID, individuals with other‐ED, and nonclinical participants.MethodParticipants included outpatients (ages 10–76 years; 75% female) diagnosed with ARFID (n = 49) or other‐ED (n = 77), and nonclinical participants (ages 22–68 years; 38% female,n = 40). We evaluated criterion‐related concurrent validity by conducting receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses to identify potential subscale cutoffs and by testing if cutoffs could capture ARFID with and without use of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q).ResultsEach NIAS subscale had high AUC for capturing those who fit versus do not fit each ARFID presentation, resulting in proposed cutoffs of ≥10 (sensitivity = .97, specificity = .63), ≥9 (sensitivity = .86, specificity = .70), and ≥ 10 (sensitivity = .68, specificity = .89) on the NIAS‐picky eating, NIAS‐appetite, and NIAS‐fear subscales, respectively. ARFID versus other‐ED had high AUC on the NIAS‐picky eating (≥10 proposed cutoff), but not NIAS‐appetite or NIAS‐fear subscales. NIAS subscale cutoffs had a high association with ARFID diagnosis, but only correctly classified other‐ED in combination with EDE‐Q Global <2.3.DiscussionTo screen for ARFID, we recommend using a screening tool for other‐ED (e.g., EDE‐Q) in combination with a positive score on any NIAS subscale (i.e., ≥10, ≥9, and/or ≥10 on the NIAS‐picky eating, NIAS‐appetite, and NIAS‐fear subscales, respectively).
Splanchnic nerve modulation in heart failure: mechanistic overview, initial clinical experience, and safety considerations
Authors: Fudim Marat , Ponikowski Piotr P. , Burkhoff Daniel , Dunlap Mark E. , Sobotka Paul A. , Molinger Jeroen , Patel Manesh R. , Felker G. Michael , Hernandez Adrian F. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Borlaug Barry A. , Bapna Anisha , Sievert Horst , Reddy Vivek Y. , Engelman Zoar J. , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVolume recruitment from the splanchnic compartment is an important physiological response to stressors such as physical activity and blood loss. In the setting of heart failure (HF), excess fluid redistribution from this compartment leads to increased cardiac filling pressures with limitation in exercise capacity. Recent evidence suggests that blocking neural activity of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) could have significant benefits in some patients with HF by reducing cardiac filling pressures and improving exercise capacity. However, to date the long‐term safety of splanchnic nerve modulation (SNM) in the setting of HF is unknown. SNM is currently used in clinical practice to alleviate some forms of chronic abdominal pain. A systematic review of the series where permanent SNM was used as a treatment for chronic abdominal pain indicates that permanent SNM is well tolerated, with side‐effects limited to transient diarrhoea or abdominal colic and transient hypotension. The pathophysiological role of the GSN in volume redistribution, the encouraging findings of acute and chronic pilot SNM studies and the safety profile from permanent SNM for pain provides a strong basis for continued efforts to study this therapeutic target in HF.
Metal‐free Photocatalytic Intermolecular anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Gaoyuan , Li Juncheng , Wang Ting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of photocatalytic intermolecular hydroamination reaction between N‐aminated dihydropyridines and unactivated alkenes is reported. Metal‐free co‐catalysts, rhodamine 6G and thiophenol, in presence of visible light are used to initiate the process. The transformation shows a broad substrate scope, both alkenes and amidyl radical can act as coupling partners. The radical strategy provides excellent anti‐Markovnikov selectivity and regioselectivity in diene substrates.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Imino‐C‐Nucleosides by “Reactivity Switching” Methodology for in situ Generated Glycoside Donors
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Tsutsui Mizuki , Morizumi Haruka , Kitano Yoshikazu , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRedox‐induced regioselective C(sp3)‐H C‐glycosidation for unactivated prolinols was achieved by controlling the anomeric reactivity of electrochemically generated iminium cations. A mechanistic study revealed that the intermediate was pooled as covalent azaribose or iminium cation species in situ, and the electrophilicity of intermediates can be adjusted by changing coexisting acids. We found that the armed/disarmed analogy concept of traditional glycochemistry can be adapted to our C‐glycosidation reaction. Finally, we invented a logical synthetic methodology, named “reactivity switching” concept, and synthesized a series of imino‐C‐nucleosides (C‐azanucleosides) based on this methodology.
Study of Rhodamine‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Organic Radical Intermediates
Authors: He Jiaxin , Yan Boyu , Meng Jiangtao , Ran Maogang , Zhou Yutong , Deng Jinfei , Li Chao‐Jun , Yao Qiuli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRhodamine‐based amide derivatives for the detection of radical intermediates in organic reactions were synthesized and used as fluorescent probes over a wide range of solvents. The mechanistic studies confirm a reversible opening and closing of the spirolactam ring. Compound 21 can be used to support the radical mechanism or in the real‐time monitoring of radical intermediates.
Catalytic degradation of methyl red using PZnW11/m‐Go as a high‐performance photocatalyst
Authors: Aghbolagh Zahra Shokri , Rahmatyan Mohammad Saim , Khorrami Mohammad Reza Khanmohammadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this research, zinc (II)‐substituted Keggin‐type polyoxometalate [(C4H9)4N] PZnW11O39 (PZnW11) was prepared and stabilized on the modified graphene oxide (m‐GO) for removal of methyl red (MR) dye from aqueous solution. The maximum dye degradation and significance of variables on the decolorization system in static conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The main variables affecting the decolorization performance on dye decolorization, including system temperature (25–40°C), catalyst amount (0.001–0.005 g), and irradiation time (5–25 min), were evaluated. The optimum temperature, catalyst applying amount, and irradiation time were identified as 35°C, 0.003 g, and 20 min, respectively, and the experimental dye removal value was 96.8%. The high regression coefficient between the response and the variables (R2 = 0.9335) showed a good investigation of the experimental results by regression‐based polynomial model. In comparison with the previously reported photocatalytic decolorization systems, the dye removal system suggested in this work is quick, easy and involves a small amount of catalyst. Polyoxometalate‐based photocatalyst (PZnW11/m‐GO) shows potent visible‐light photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methyl red dye, due to the generates the strong oxidants hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2−) via photoelectrochemical decomposition of H2O and O2 in the presence of visible light irradiation. Efficient decolorization and degradation of organic contaminants by synthesized catalyst PZnW11/m‐GO suggest its potential for real industrial applications in removal of synthetic dye wastewater.
Emerging trends in sustainable treatment and valorisation technologies for plastic wastes in Nigeria: A concise review
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba B. , Ivase Tertsegha J.‐P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article presents an overview of the status, challenges, and prospects of current and emerging trends for the sustainable treatment and valorisation technologies of plastic wastes. The proliferation is ascribed to the growing population, living standards, and use of low cost, unbiodegradable, and chemically resistant plastic wastes in Nigeria. This scenario is exacerbated by the lack of comprehensive strategies for the collection, transport, segregation, and management of plastic wastes. Currently, plastic wastes treatment is accomplished by open‐air burning, dumping, and landfilling. More advanced technologies, such as thermal (incineration, gasification), chemical (catalytic cracking and selective dissolution), and biological (microbial degradation) methods, are also utilized for treatment and valorisation. However, these high‐cost, obsolete, and inefficient technologies result in GHG emissions, toxic fumes, toxins and leachates. Hence, novel technologies for the reuse, recycling, reduction, and valorisation of plastic wastes must emphasize energy, materials, and resource recovery. The article proposes the upcycling of plastic wastes into carbon nanomaterials (carbon microspheres, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes), polymeric composite materials (wood‐polyethylene composites, wood‐fiber‐reinforced plastics), biocrude/bio‐oil, fuels, chemicals, and char through solvent/solvothermal treatment and plasma conversion. Solvent/solvothermal treatment can effectively treat and upcycle plastic wastes along with the removal of toxic, recalcitrant and bio‐accumulative pollutants such as brominated flame retardants and organophosphorus flame retardants. However, the study identified numerous challenges that currently hamper plastic wastes disposal, management, and valorisation. Hence, sustainable and socially friendly approaches for plastic waste management and valorisation are required to address their short‐ and long‐term impacts on human health, safety and the environment in Nigeria.
Landscape archaeology—The value of context to archaeological interpretation: A case study from Waitore, New Zealand
Authors: Goff James , McFadgen Bruce , Marriner Nick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLandscape archaeology is a relatively young subdiscipline that has grown in a multitude of directions, particularly in recent decades. It is strongly multidisciplinary and has borrowed tools from an array of fields, including the archaeological sciences, geology, geography, palaeoecology and geochronology; many landscape archaeologists have backgrounds beyond traditional archaeology sensu stricto. Landscape archaeology has become an important facet of most archaeological excavations and has shifted the focus of archaeological interpretation well beyond existing paradigms. In this paper, we report on a landscape reinterpretation of a single archaeological site in New Zealand. Waitore comprises an assemblage of artefacts, including wooden pieces (e.g., broken canoe fragments), oven stones, stone sinkers and fish bones but is not associated with an occupation site. The assemblage was originally studied in the 1970s—at a time when there was little understanding of tectonic processes in the region—and attributed to permanent ritual interment or temporary burial based largely on ethnographic analogies with contemporary Māori practices. By bringing together the physical and cultural components of landscape archaeology, we reinterpret these artefacts as being the scattered remnants of a reworked occupation site, possibly associated with a tsunami inundation dating to around the 15th century. We conclude that re‐examination of past archaeological work is as relevant now as undertaking new research. We also insist upon the importance of multidisciplinary dialogue, particularly between the social and physical sciences, in helping to move beyond current paradigms.
Feasibility, Outcomes, and Safety of Telehepatology Services During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Verma Nipun , Mishra Saurabh , Singh Surender , Kaur Rajwant , Kaur Talwinder , De Arka , Premkumar Madhumita , Taneja Sunil , Duseja Ajay , Singh Meenu , Singh Virendra 
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has hampered health care delivery globally. We evaluated the feasibility, outcomes, and safety of telehepatology in delivering quality care amid the pandemic. A telemedicine setup using smartphones by hepatologists was organized at our tertiary‐care center after pilot testing. Consecutive patients availing telehepatology services were recruited between March and July 2020. An adapted model for assessment of telemedicine was used after validity and reliability testing, to evaluate services 7‐21 days after index teleconsultation. Of the 1,419 registrations, 1,281 (90.3%) consultations were completed. From 245 randomly surveyed patients, 210 (85.7%) responded (age [years, interquartile range]: 46 [35‐56]; 32.3% females). Seventy percent of patients belonged to the middle or lower socio‐economic class, whereas 61% were from rural areas. Modes of teleconsultation were audio (54.3%) or hybrid video call (45.7%). Teleconsultation alone was deemed suitable in 88.6% of patients. Diagnosis and compliance rates were 94% and 82.4%, respectively. Patients’ convenience rate, satisfaction rate, improvement rate, success rate, and net promoter scores were 99.0%, 85.2%, 49.5%, 46.2% and 70, respectively. Physical and mental quality of life improved in 67.1% and 82.8% of patients, respectively, following index teleconsultation. Person‐hours and money spent by patients were significantly lower with teleconsultation (P < 0.001); however, person‐hours spent by hospital per teleconsultation were higher than in physical outpatient services (P < 0.001). Dissatisfied patients were more likely to have lower diagnosis rate, unsuitability for teleconsultation, noncompliance, poorer understanding, and uncomfortable conversation during teleconsultation. Connectivity issues (22.9%) were the most common barrier. Three patients, all of whom were advised emergency care during teleconsultation, succumbed to their illness. Conclusion: Telehepatology is a feasible and reasonably effective tool for rendering health care services using smartphones during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Systematic implementation, possible integration into routine health care delivery, and formal cost‐effectiveness of telehepatology services need further exploration.
[Rh2(MEPY)4] and [BiRh(MEPY)4]: Convenient Syntheses and Computational Analysis of Strikingly Dissimilar Siblings
Authors: Löffler Lorenz E. , Buchsteiner Michael , Collins Lee R. , Caló Fabio P. , Singha Santanu , Fürstner Alois 
Published: April 2021

Abstract[Rh2(MEPY)4] is a versatile catalyst for asymmetric synthesis but its preparation requires purification by chromatography on surface‐modified silica. A higher yielding procedure based on a more convenient work‐up is presented herein. Moreover, a much improved method for the preparation of [BiRh(OTfa)4] is described, which makes this heterobimetallic complex readily available. Subsequent exchange of the trifluoroacetate ligands opens access to a so far underappreciated family of (chiral) paddlewheel complexes. While [BiRh] complexes comprising four carboxylate ligands are highly adequate for intermolecular asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions, [BiRh(MEPY)4] as the heterobimetallic cousin of [Rh2(MEPY)4] was found to be surprisingly unreactive; DFT calculations uncover the reasons for this inertia.