bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forgiving Others and Compassion
Authors: Krause Neal M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The virtue of forgiving others and the virtue of compassion occupy a pivotal position in the core study model because they provide an important point of departure for explaining how spiritual support affects health. This fundamental issue is explored in three sections: (1) a theoretical rationale for focusing specifically on forgiveness and compassion is provided—in the process the social underpinning of these virtues is highlighted; (2) studies on the relationship between forgiveness and health as well as compassion and health are reviewed; (3) a submodel is introduced that aims to flesh out the nature of the relationship between spiritual support and these two social virtues is provided.
Beneficence
Authors: Krause Neal M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Beneficence is defined as concrete efforts that are designed to improve the situation of a person who is in need. Researchers have proposed a plethora of terms that are like beneficence, including charity, generosity, prosociality, and providing social support to others. Five issues are examined in this chapter: (1) two conceptual controversies involving the genesis of beneficence are examined first, (2) then research is reviewed that shows that people who are more forgiving as well as individuals who are more compassionate are more likely to be beneficent; (3) following this, four theories are reviewed that explain how beneficence arises in religious settings; (4) the potential downside of beneficence is identified; and (5) a submodel is introduced that fleshes out the interface between beneficence and health.
Meaning in Life
Authors: Krause Neal M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This pivotal chapter marks the transition from discussing what religion is (i.e., the core components of religion) to a discussion of what religion does (i.e., how religion affects health specifically). Meaning in life performs this vital bridging function. This function is explored in three sections: (1) issues in the measurement of meaning in life are examined first, (2) then an overview of the elements of religious life that promote a sense of meaning are examined (the virtues of forgiveness, compassion, and beneficence figure prominently in this respect), and (3) a submodel is proposed that provides further insight into why a sense of meaning in life is so critical.
Health and Well-Being
Authors: Krause Neal M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to show how a sense of meaning in life acts in concert with the dimensions of religion that have been discussed so far to affect health. The discussion that follows is divided into two sections. The extensive body of research that links meaning with health and well-being is examined first. Following this, three submodels are introduced that provide further insight into how meaning in life might affect health. The first submodel brings gratitude and prayer to the foreground. The second submodel focuses on the relationships among meaning in life, proactive coping responses, and health behavior. The third submodel brings issues involving the interface between meaning in life, negative aspects of religious life (e.g., religious doubt), and health-related outcomes.
Some Considerations
Authors: Drijvers Jan Willem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers thoughts about origin and function of the Jovian Narrative. The Jovian Narrative is a composite text in which various narratives about Julian and Jovian circulating in northern Mesopotamia and the Syriac-speaking world were combined. The Jovian Narrative is part of the Syriac tradition of Christian discourse of imagination, and the author is likely to have made use of various Syriac narrative traditions. Edessa is in all probability the Christian intellectual center where most of these texts were produced, and the Jovian Narrative most likely had its origin in Edessa. For the composition of his text, the composer is likely to have made use of various Syriac narrative traditions as well as historical information. The compilation of the Jovian Narrative as a cohesive text should probably be seen against the background of the religious and geopolitical policy of the emperor Justinian (527–565). Under his reign the Roman–Persian military conflict flared up again in all vehemence after many years of peaceful coexistence between the two empires. Furthermore, the Jovian Narrative intervenes on an eschatological level in the conflict between Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians in the reign of Justinian. Jovian is presented as the eschatological realization of the ideal Christian emperor, who represents a return to the orthodox ideal as it existed under Constantine.
Reimagining the Face of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Stamm Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 features a discussion of the queer biopic’s relationship to PWA photography and media representation, looking finally to contemporary media practices to reflect upon the current AIDS media landscape. The queer biopic does not function outside of other modes of photography and video; instead, questions of portraiture are foundational to any understanding of the biopic form. The chapter moves through the history of PWA photography, providing readings of photography by Therese Frare, Nicholas Nixon, David Wojnarowicz, and Nan Goldin. The chapter’s turn to contemporary HIV + multimedia artist Kia LaBeija examines the legacies of black queer performance that emerge in her video and photographic work.
Kant
Authors: Elgat Guy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter’s argument is that for Immanuel Kant, empirical guilt requires determination of responsibility, where responsibility involves free agency. It argues that empirical guilt could only be justified for Kant in the final analysis if the agent is responsible and consequently guilty for his or her own “original sin” or radical evil (ontological guilt), where this responsibility and guilt imply an intelligible free deed, a position Kant defends in his Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. It is here that Kant can be seen to put forward a transcendental argument from (ontological) guilt to intelligible freedom. The chapter concludes by arguing that Kant, however, does not ultimately succeed in showing why guilt (empirical and ontological) is justified and that even though he can be seen to approach the idea of the subject as causa sui that later thinkers endorse, he does not embrace it fully.
Schelling
Authors: Elgat Guy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, Friedrich Wilhelm von Schelling’s thought on the phenomenon of guilt is examined. The main point established is that on the one hand, Schelling can be seen to follow in Kant’s footsteps in that he, too, sees guilt as ultimately grounded in a free, intelligible act. On the other hand, Schelling goes beyond Kant in that he holds that for guilt (empirical or ontological) to be justified, it is necessary that the human being constitute or choose his or her own being in a timeless and free deed. In other words, Schelling endorses a version of the transcendental argument for freedom where guilt implies that the human being is a free causa sui. Schelling’s conception of the human being as causa sui enables him to address the problem of infinite regress that beleaguers Kant’s view.
Rée
Authors: Elgat Guy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, Paul Rée’s views on guilt, responsibility, free will, and punishment are considered. Three subsidiary aims of the discussion are to show that, first, Rée’s works are worth paying attention to in their own right and not merely as a foil for Nietzsche’s ideas; second, that Nietzsche’s criticisms of Rée’s views fall short of the mark; and third, that in contrast to the views of some interpreters, Rée’s thought does undergo development in the course of his career. The discussion presents a radically different approach to guilt from the one encountered in the chapters on Kant, Schelling, and Schopenhauer. This approach spurns all metaphysical speculation and attempts to consider guilt as a natural phenomenon, that is, a phenomenon that does not require for its explanation an appeal to some noumenal or intelligible realm where agents perform timeless deeds but is to be explained as a thoroughly this-worldly psychological phenomenon.
The Right to Higher Education
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Is higher education a right, or a privilege? The author argues that all citizens in a free and open society should have an unconditional right to higher education. Such an education should be costless for the individual and open to everyone regardless of talent. A readiness and willingness to learn should be the only qualification. It should offer opportunities that benefit citizens with different interests and goals in life. And it should aim, as its foundational moral purpose, to help citizens from all walks of life live better, freer lives. Using concepts and ideas from liberal political philosophy, the author argues that access to educational goods and services is something to which all citizens have a right over a full life. Such goods, it is argued, play a key role in helping citizens realize self-determined goals. Higher education should therefore be understood as a basic social institution responsible for ensuring that all citizens can access such “autonomy-supporting” goods. The book examines the implications of this justification of the right to higher education for questions of educational justice, political authority, distributive justice, civic education, and personal autonomy.
The Right to Higher Education and Political Authority
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of the nature and scope of political authority over higher education. The account sets out a proactive role for the state the autonomous flourishing of adults. It affirms the idea that the liberal state’s educational obligations to citizens extend beyond a basic or compulsory education, not only for reasons of political justice, but also because it is politically legitimate for the state to do so. The chapter defends this account against the concern that such authority is too paternalistic, and gives examples of how this conception of authority would apply (and not apply) to higher education.
What Should the Right to Higher Education Look Like?
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses some key objections to the right to higher education and provides a fuller picture of what this right can look like at the level of public policy and institutional practice. First, the chapter revisits the broader rationale for the argument in order to show how a rights-based conception of can better inform public debate about the justice, fairness, and purposes of higher education. Second, it applies this account to Martin Trow’s famous conceptualization of higher education systems into “elite,” “mass,” and “universal” stages of growth and development in order to demonstrate how the right to higher education can inform higher education policy. Finally, it addresses the worry that the right to higher education overstates the importance of post-compulsory education for a liberal society. Here the chapter engages with issues about the role of higher education in the promotion of human welfare and the level of “idealization” built into the argument.
When Cities Lobby
Authors: Payson Julia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When Cities Lobby tells the story of what happens when city officials rely on professional lobbyists to represent their interests in state government. In a political environment characterized by intense urban-rural polarization and growing hostility between cities and state legislatures, the ability to lobby can be a powerful tool for city leaders seeking to amplify their voices in state politics. The cities that lobby at the highest rates include large urban centers that have been historically underrepresented in our federal system—and, increasingly, blue-leaning cities engaged in preemption battles against Republican-led legislatures. But high-income places have also figured out how to strategically use lobbyists, and these communities have become particularly adept at lobbying to secure additional grant money and shift state funding in a direction that favors them. How did we end up with a system where political officials in different levels of government often choose to pay lobbyists to facilitate communication between them, and are the potential benefits worth the costs? When Cities Lobby demonstrates that the answer is deeply rooted in both the nature of the federal system and the evolution of the professional lobbying industry. And while some states have recently debated measures to restrict lobbying by local governments, these efforts will likely do more harm than good in the absence of structural reforms to the lobbying industry more broadly.
Who Gets What? City Lobbying and State Transfers
Authors: Payson Julia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses a variety of panel data methods to estimate the returns to lobbying for individual municipalities. When cities start lobbying, they receive significantly more revenue from the state in the following year compared to other cities. But not all localities benefit equally. In particular, wealthy communities with higher median incomes tend to receive substantially more revenue after lobbying than less affluent municipalities. The chapter concludes by discussing some of the mechanisms that might be driving these results. While higher-income cities don’t spend more money on lobbying, they do spread their efforts across a greater number of bills, and they appear to be particularly savvy at using their lobbyists to advocate for shovel-ready projects that make attractive funding targets for state officials.
Stability and Change in Everyday Knowledge: From Taken for Granted to Social Representation
Authors: Emiliani Francesca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
What do we talk about when we talk about everyday life? This chapter considers everyday life as a “metasystem” in Moscovici’s terms, a normative system that checks and organizes knowledge and thought. Looking at social representations theory, the chapter considers the structuring power of this metasystem, referring to two kinds of research where the absence (for deprived children) or suspension (in the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy) of everyday life causes delays in children’s development and dismay in adults. The suspension of ordinary life highlights the social representation of “normality.” The structure of the “everyday life” metasystem is largely taken for granted, and this calls into question the relationship between the taken-for-granted and the knowledge that constructs social representations or, in other words, between stability and change in common knowledge.
The Contribution of Social Representations Theory for a Social Psychology of Communication Laboratory
Authors: Camargo Brigido V. , Bousfield Andréa Barbará S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the mission and research of the Social Psychology of Communication and Cognition Laboratory (Laboratório de Psicologia Social da Comunicação e Cognição) at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (LACCOS–UFSC). After explaining how the lab was set up, the authors illustrate the communication systems model from the social representations perspective. This goes beyond previous communication paradigms that use metaphors like the machine, the organism, or Frankenstein and toward a contextualized conception of social communication. Studies conducted by the Lab exemplify how change and continuity might be experimentally explored. Some of them concern scientific knowledge on HIV/AIDS and show how to tackle the dialogical knowledge generated by the ternary Ego-Alter-Object view proposed by means of experimental designs in the social representation domain. The chapter closes with some considerations on the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamics of social representations.
The Living Organ Donor as Patient
Authors: Ross Lainie Friedman , Thistlethwaite, Jr. J. Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This is a book about living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. This book is premised on the supposition that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some specific applications are not, eg, pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. When Joseph Murray performed the first successful living kidney donor transplant in 1954, he thought this would be a temporary stopgap. Today, however, the goal of adequate organ supply without living donors remains elusive. If anything, the supply:demand ratio is worse. In this book, a five-principle living donor ethics framework is developed and used to examine the ethical issues raised by living donor selection demographics, innovative attempts to increase living organ donation, and living donor decision-making and risk thresholds. This ethics framework uses the three principles of the Belmont Report modified to organ transplantation (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice) supplemented by the principles of vulnerability and of special relationships creating special obligations. The approach requires that the transplant community fully embraces living organ donors (and prospective living organ donors) as patients to whom special obligations are owed. Only when living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right and have a living donor advocate team dedicated to their well-being can the moral boundaries of living solid organ donation be determined and realized. This book provides theoretical arguments and practice guidelines, complemented by case studies, to ensure that living donors are given the full respect and care they deserve.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Friedman Lainie , Thistlethwaite, Jr J. Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF), or fulminant hepatic failure, affects approximately two to three thousand patients (adults and children) annually in the United States and accounts for approximately eight percent of all liver transplants. Liver transplant for ALF is complicated by the fact that many patients who present with ALF spontaneously recover; however, the severe time constraints that ALF poses means that patients with ALF are usually listed for deceased donor liver transplant, and potential living donors begin donor evaluations even before it is known whether a transplant will be necessary. ALF was initially a contraindication to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) both because of poor outcomes and because of concerns that the living donors did not have adequate time to give an informed and voluntary consent. Results have improved and ALF in now an accepted indication for LDLT. This chapter examines the ethical issues raised by LDLT in the setting of ALF.
The Imminently Dying Donor
Authors: Friedman Lainie , Thistlethwaite, Jr J. Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As the supply-demand gap for organs for transplantation grows, transplant programs are more accepting of less healthy donors. This chapter focuses on the extreme case: whether and when individuals who have life-limiting conditions (LLC) should be considered for living organ donation. Two types of cases are examined: living donation by individuals with advanced progressive severe debilitating disease for whom there is no ameliorative therapy; and pre-mortem living donation by individuals who are imminently dying or would die of the donation process itself. With appropriate safeguards, some donations by individuals with LLC could be ethical. Pre-mortem donations challenge the dead donor rule (DDR), an ethical norm that prohibits organ procurement until after the individual is dead. The chapter argues that attempts to circumvent the DDR fail to respect the living donor as a patient in his or her own right.
Questioning the Premise
Authors: Friedman Lainie , Thistlethwaite, Jr J. Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Given the gap between demand and supply, living donation is not going away any time soon. This chapter explores the book’s initial premise that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some specific applications are not, eg pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. Concerns regarding the appropriate moral limits to living solid organ donation by both eminent transplant physicians (Joseph Murray, Felix Rapaport) and the social scientists (Renée Fox, Judith Swazey) embedded in evaluating the practice are explored. This chapter reiterates the book’s primary position: only if living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right can the moral limits of living solid organ donation be realized and living donors be given the full respect that they deserve.
¡Canta Conmigo!
Authors: Gibson Rachel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sing, play, move, create, and experience joy with living musical traditions from Guatemala and Nicaragua. Suitable for use in families, schools, or community centers, this resource contains a playful collection of 90 songs, singing games, chants, and games the author learned from teachers, children, and families while living in several communities in both countries. While the majority of the songs are in Spanish, a few in a Mayan language, Kaqchikel, are included. Field videos, audio recordings, and select song histories are available on the companion website to witness the music in authentic contexts, guide in pronunciation, and trace musical origins. Ethnographic descriptions of locations where songs were learned and personal biographies of a few singers written in Kaqchikel or Spanish and translated to English allow the reader to develop a connection to the land and the musicians. Culturally responsive and sustaining teaching pedagogies are discussed alongside strategies to responsibly include the music in school curriculums. A brief history of Central America and an overview of music genres in the region are included to frame this song collection within historic, cultural, and musical contexts. ¡Ven a cantar y jugar! Come sing and play! The song pages are playfully and thoughtfully illustrated by Sucely Puluc from Guatemala.
Suggestions for Teachers
Authors: Gibson Rachel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Part 1 includes the following: Suggestions for Teachers provides strategies for how to responsibly teach and include the music into curriculums. Themes discussed include cultural contexts, authentic transmission practices, honoring song histories, Indigenous Music, and culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogies. Living Traditions: Children’s Music in Guatemala and Nicaragua reviews children’s music traditions and singing cultures in these two countries. Overview: Central America, Guatemala, and Nicaragua includes brief summaries of the region’s geography, climate, languages, national instrument, demographics, and economies. Fieldwork Locations describes the sites where songs were learned to set the scenes for repertoire. Biographies, which are written by the informants and presented in English, Spanish, and Kaqchikel, are included to learn about the lives of the musicians who shared music for this book.