bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCLEREMA NEONATORUM DESCRIBED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1784 BY DR. MICHAEL UNDERWOOD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Michael Underwood (1737-1820), the most advanced writer on diseases of children in the eighteenth century, was the first physician to describe sclerema neonatorum. His description of this serious disease follows:
It may be proper in this place to take notice of a peculiar tightness and hardness of the skin over almost the whole body, that sometimes attends that kind of purging when the stools are of a waxey or clayey consistence, and usually takes place in the last stage of the disease, always affording a very unfavorable prognostic. It very rarely appears, I believe, but in disorders of the bowels on which account I have not assigned it a distinct head, though otherwise of sufficient importance. This symptom, or perhaps rather disease, somewhat similar to that called hide-bound in quadmpeds has not been mentioned in this view, by any writer on the diseases of infants. The ancients indeed described a somewhat similar affection under the name of Stegnosis and Cutis adstricto, but appear always to speak of it as a complaint of adults, often occasioned by cold. Dr. Denman first took notice of it in children, and has for some years paid great attention to it. It seems to be a spasm depending upon a certain morbid state of the first passages with which the skin is known to have a peculiar sympathy which instead of lying loose and pliable on the cellular membrane, is perfectly rigid as if it adhered to the bones. Some children indeed have been born with the complaint, none of whom have been known to live.
ECG CHANGES IN FATAL IMIPRAMINE (TOFRANIL) INTOXICATION
Authors: Fouron Jean-Claude , Chicoine Raymond 
Published: December 2021

A case of poisoning with imipramine (Tofranil) has been followed by serial ECG tracings in an 11-month-old boy. Profound alteration of his myocardial function has been observed during the first 18 hours following absorption of the drug; these cardiovascular perturbations lead to irreversible cerebral damage.
Because of the atropine-like effect of the drug and the report of alteration in the ECG tracing of adult patients under imipramine therapy, it is advised that all children under such therapy be checked with an occasional ECG for possible change in myocardial function.
Transient Lactose Intolerance in Premature Infants
Authors: Abdo-Bassols Felix , Lifshitz Fima , Del Castillo Ernesto Diaz , Martinez-Garza Virginia 
Published: December 2021

Healthy premature infants have a relative lactase deficiency resulting in a diminished capacity to digest and absorb lactose.1-6 However, milk formula feedings do not result in diarrhea in these babies. On the other hand, infants with significant intestinal lactase deficiency have diarrhea that characteristically improves after elimination of this disaccharide from the diet.7-8 In some of these patients, the illness began at birth and was classified as a congenital defect.9-11
The purpose of this report is to describe two premature infants who presented transient lactose intolerance since birth. The parents of both patients and two siblings of one were also intolerant to this disaccharide.
Pyloric Stenosis: Father and Two Sons
Authors: Meyer Bruce P. , Johnsonbaugh Roger 
Published: December 2021

There are multiple references in the literature as to the hereditary nature of pyloric stenosis.1 Many of these are not authenticated due to the lack of surgical and/or autopsy findings. This disease itself is thought to carry an incidence of 3 cases per 1,000 births.2 Carter has done extensive follow-ups on a series of index patients treated operatively from 1920 to 1939. We would like to report a family with the father and first two offspring sons being affected.
Case 1
On October 13, 1937 1-month-old L. H. was seen due to the vomiting of all intake since birth. He had lost 1 pound in the week prior to being seen.
Hypoglycemia and Hypothermia in Terminal Leukemia
Authors: Jaffe Norman , Kim Byung Soo 
Published: December 2021

In 1967, Tashima1 stated that hypoglycemia in leukemia was so rare that "its occurrence in the leukemic patient should suggest an islet cell tumor or a concomitant retroperitoneal tumor." Most of the reports of hypoglycemia in leukemic patients were ascribed to in vitro glycolysis by leukocytes and were designated "artifactual hypoglycemia."2,3 Experimentally the phenomenon had been produced in test mice where lymphatic leukemia grows as a solid tumor.4,5
Hypothermia is an occasional manifestation of hypoglycemia; it is receiving increasing recognition and is considered a useful diagnostic aid.6,7 Its appearance is not dependent on the cause of the hypoglycemia.
This patient with acute myelogenous leukemia experienced several episodes of hypothermia and hypoglycemia which responded to intravenous dextrose.
R. Cannon Eley
Authors: Nadas Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

Readers of Pediatrics, pediatricians all over the world, mourn the death of R. Cannon Eley, in Boston on April 29, 1971. The writer hopes that this personal tribute to our departed friend may not be taken as presumptuous by those who have known Cannon much longer.
Dr. Eley's association with pediatrics goes back a long time. He graduated from the University of Virginia (the only one that really counted for Cannon) in 1925 and after 2 years' internship at Charlottesville and at Willard Parker in New York, came to Boston Children's in 1927.
Steroids in Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Tow Abraham 
Published: December 2021

A relationship between the adrenal and hyaline membrane disease has been suggested by the report of Naeye, Harcke, and Blanc in the April issue of Pediatrics.1
A few years ago, while active on the newborn service at the Guyan Valley Hospital, I treated a 5 lb Caucasian male premature with dyspnea, marked sternal retraction, and cyanosis. A diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease was confirmed by x-ray. Treatment with oxygen and moisture in an Isolette did not help.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Feiertag Richard B. 
Published: December 2021

The Committee wishes to thank Dr. and Mrs. Shearer for their comments. We appreciate their concern and will utilize their ideas in future work of our Committee.
Our intent in this statement was to focus attention on an urgent social problem. Many specific approaches to its solution have been advocated and these are evaluated in the statements of other professional organizations.
We will continue to inform ourselves on changes and advances in adoption practice, and will attempt to present a balanced view of these changes to the practicing pediatrician.
Pattern of Multiple Drug Abuse Among Adolescents
Authors: Thompson Richard E. 
Published: December 2021

Statistics regarding drug abuse among adolescents seem few and far between, and of questionable accuracy when available. This is easy to understand. In the present adolescent setting, those who have abused drugs may deny it to avoid being "busted," and those who have not used drugs may claim that they have in order to appear to "groove."
Articles such as that by Dodson and colleagues are to be encouraged. Hopefully, treatment centers and consultation agencies involved with the problem of teenage drug abuse will continue to try to support their impressions, which may lag behind changes in drug abuse patterns, by keeping similar statistics.
Mental Retardation and Its Social Dimensions, by Margaret Adams. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971, 315 pp., $10.00
Authors: Pearson Paul H. 
Published: December 2021

In a book clearly directed to the professional social worker, Miss Adams has much of interest and value to all professionals working in the field of mental retardation. The concerned physician may wish to read selectively but her lucid style of writing makes for easy and rapid reading.
For the physician involved in programs for the mentally retarded, this book will give new dimensions for the effective use of social workers and to his own direct interaction with the retarded and their families.
FAMILIAL SELECTIVE IgA DEFICIENCY
Authors: Nell Patricia A. , Ammann Arthur J. , Hong Richard , Stiehm E. Richard 
Published: December 2021

Thirteen subjects with selective IgA deficiency were obtained from five separate families. In three families an autosomal recessive inheritance was apparent while an autosomal dominant inheritance appeared very likely in the two remaining families.
An increased incidence of quantitative defects in immunoglobulin synthesis was seen in addition to evidence of abnormal antibody production and increased autoantibody formation.
OTITIS MEDIA IN THE FIRST SIX WEEKS OF LIFE: DIAGNOSIS, BACTERIOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bland Richard D. 
Published: December 2021

Over a 1-year period, a diagnosis of suppurative otitis media was made in 21 infants less than 6 weeks of age, with symptomatology varying from mild rhinorrhea and cough to irritability and severe, protracted diarrhea. Only four infants presented with fever greater than 38°C. One-third of the patients had been born prematurely, 90% were bottle-fed, and only two had significant congenital malformations. Two-thirds of the babies with otitis of bacterial origin were male.
Infants admitted to the study underwent diagnostic tympanoparacentesis, yielding purulent material and bacterial growth from all but three. The predominant organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In cases of treatment failure, reinfection was most common with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the basis of disc sensitivities, only 61% of the exudates from which bacteria were isolated proved amenable to ampicillin therapy alone. Bacteria cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs of the same infants showed a correlation with ear isolations in only 28% of the cases. When a 10-day course of therapy was carried out utilizing antibiotics to which the organism was sensitive, there was a 22% failure rate, suggesting the possible need for more prolonged therapy with a parenterally-administered agent plus ampicillin in the management of otitis media in the neonate and young infant.
FATAL FAMILIAL LEINER'S DISEASE: A DEFICIENCY OF THE OPSONIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM COMPLEMENT
Authors: Jacobs Jerry C. , Miller Michael E. 
Published: December 2021

The second family with a deficiency of phagocytosis enhancement (opsonization) related to a dysfunction of the fifth component of serum complement is reported. The clinical entity is similar to that of the first family, as well as that described by Leiner, in 1908. The four cardinal features are: (1) generalized seborrheic dermatitis; (2) intractable, severe diarrhea; (3) recurrent local and systemic infections, usually of gram-negative etiology; and (4) marked wasting and dystrophy.
The diagnostic laboratory finding is the demonstration of deficient opsomc activity in the patient's serum. This demonstration requires a laboratory assay which measures uptake of a particle which requires C5 for total opsonization. Baker's yeast satisfies these requirements, whereas phagocytic assays utilizing such particles as erythrocytes, pneumococci, or latex particles are inadequate screening procedures for C5 deficiency.
A functional assay is necessary, since immuno-chemical measurement of C5 has been normal in all deficient family members.
Life-saving therapy has been administered to two patients with the disorder through the use of fresh plasma. Fresh plasma contains opsonically active C5, which is absent in 5-day-old stored bank blood.
Based upon genetic and laboratory criteria, separate mechanisms of C5 dysfunction may be involved in the present family and that previously reported.
Screening Method for Identification of Infected Infant Following Premature Rupture of Maternal Membranes
Authors: Hosmer Marion E. , Sprunt Katherine 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present evidence showing that the methods used in many institutions including The Babies Hospital (New York City) for screening for infection in infants born of mothers with premature rupture of maternal membranes are inefficient and potentially misleading.
The screening procedure under discussion consists of cultures of cord blood (CB) , gastric aspirate (GA), and infant blood (IB) of any infant born 24 hours or more after rupture of the membranes. In actual practice, however, in many instances the IB culture has not been taken unless the infant became clinically symptomatic or the other cultures were reported as positive.
Hydrops Fetalis and Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Bulova Stephen I. , Schwartz Elias , Harrer William V. 
Published: December 2021

Hydrops fetalis is associated most commonly with erythroblastosis fetalis due to fetal-maternal incompatibility of the red cell Rh antigens. Many nonimmunologic disorders, including infections, homozygous alpha thalassemia, maternal diabetes mellitus, fetal malformations, the twin transfusion syndrome, and congenital nephrosis, may cause a similar syndrome. Although congenital syphilis has been mentioned as a cause of hydrops fetalis, reports of the association antedate the use of immunologic methods capable of detecting isoimmunization. We report here an hydropic infant with syphilis in whom there was no evidence of Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, alpha thalassemia, or severe congenital malformations.
See table in the PDF file
See image in the PDF file
Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Clinical, Genetic, and Epidemiological Study, by Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Jr. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971, 180 pp., $20.00
Authors: Freedberg Irwin M. 
Published: December 2021

The Norwegian population register and the closely-knit Norwegian medical community have been utilized in the past to conduct several detailed evaluations of specific disease entities. Dr. Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Jr. has utilized these same facilities to produce this extensive review of epidermolysis bullosa. The volume contains a wealth of data and a complete bibliography concerning the several entities which have as their common attributes cutaneous bulla formation and evidence of genetic transmission.
The book is written in a thesis-type format with extensive documentation and much detail.
Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children, by Paul H. Wender, M.D. New York: Wiley-Interscience, A Division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1971, 242 pp., $10.50
Authors: MacKeith Ronald C. 
Published: December 2021

Every medical student, physician, and scientist should read the story of the Emperor's new clothes and identify with the child who, unimpressed by the weight of authoritative opinion, cried "But the Emperor has no clothes." Leon Eisenberg is a children's psychiatrist whom I respect enormously. But although I am glad to have read this book, I can't accept his unqualified recommendation of it.
Not all the blame lies with the author, for the publisher's assessors have not done their job.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HYPERMETABOLISM IN OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Authors: Cropp Gerd J. A. , Myers David N. 
Published: December 2021

Observations on 30 prepubertal patients with osteogenesis imperfecta have shown abnormally low bodyweights and elevations in metabolic rates, serum thyroxine levels, oral temperatures, heart and respiratory rates. The findings suggest that these patients are in a chronic hypermetabolic and hyperkinetic circulatory state, possibly related to abnormal thyroid function. Since excess thyroid hormone can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, part of the energy which normally is captured by the synthesis of ATP is lost as heat, and is thus not available for tissue anabolism. It is postulated that this waste of energy is the cause of the hyperthermia, the physical underdevelopment and the abnormal bone structure in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.
After the onset of puberty, metabolic rates normalized in our patients and the clinical progression of the disease became arrested. This study suggests that osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease caused by abnormalities in metabolic processes in many tissues, and it does not seem to be a disease which affects connective tissue alone.
AGE LIMITS OF PEDIATRICS
Authors: Jennison M. Harr , Coleman Allan B. , Feiertag Richard B. , Kugel Robert B. , Forsyth William B. , Rinker Andrew , Hazard Sprague W. , Ellis Effie O. , Knutti Sarah H. 
Published: December 2021

In 1938 the American Academy of Pediatrics took formal action and defined the age limits of pediatric practice as follows (Journal of Pediatrics, 13:127 and 13:266, 1938):
The practice of pediatrics begins at birth and extends well into adolescence and in most cases it will terminate between the sixteenth and eighteenth year of life.
In 1969, the Council on Pediatric Practice asked the Executive Board to up date this statement, and the Executive Board referred it to the Council on Child Health. After extensive review of several statements proposed by the Committee on Youth, the Council on Child Health recommended the following statement, which has been approved by the Executive Committee of the Academy for publication as official policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
PEDIATRICS
The purview of pediatrics includes the growth, development, and health of the child and therefore begins in the period prior to birth when conception is apparent. It continues through childhood and adolescence when the growth and developmental processes are generally completed. The responsibility of pediatrics may therefore begin during pregnancy and usually terminates by 21 years of age.
Acute and Chronic Childhood Lead Poisoning: Criticism of the Statement
Authors: Lin-Fu Jane S. 
Published: December 2021

I read the AAP's recent statement, "Acute and Chronic Childhood Lead Poisoning,"1 with disappointment verging on alarm.
The statement recommends that "the major emphasis . . . be placed on the testing of dwellings for lead-pigment paints . . . in order to identify high-risk areas." Yet many such areas, or "lead belts," have long been so correctly identified that 20 to 40% of young children screened from these areas have been shown to have blood lead values of 40 µg/100 ml or more.2
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Steeg Carl N. , Bigger J. Thomas , Gelband Henry 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for the opportunity of replying to Dr. Fareau. I gather from his letter that he disagrees with our diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT).
Dr. Fareau is absolutely correct in his analsis of the ventricular rate in our Figure 1. Indeed, the rate is 300, and not 150 as noted. In actuality, ventricular rates varied from 125 to 300 with varying degrees of exit block from the parasystolic focus. A rate of 300 does not exclude VT.
"NEW" SYNDROME OF CONGENITAL CONTRACTURAL ARACHNODACTYLY ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED BY MARFAN IN 1896
Authors: Hecht Frederick , Beals Rodney K. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a newly delineated disease. Several CCA families are described. Key features of CCA are multiple congenital joint contractures, arachnodactyly, "crumpled" ears, and kyphoscoliosis. The joint contractures are maximal at the knees and usually improve spontaneously, whereas the kyphoscoliosis usually worsens with age. There is no ocular or cardiovascular involvement. Transmission is as an autosomal dominant trait.
Historically CCA is of interest, because it was confused with Marfan's syndrome. Reports of patients with what appears to be CCA were encountered from various parts of the world dating from every decade since 1900. We believe the earliest description to be by Marfan in 1896. We conclude that Marfan's original patient had CCA and not what is known today as Marfan's syndrome.
FAREWELL THE ROTUND EPONYM
Authors: Gardner Lytt I. 
Published: December 2021

Time was, to greet a new syndrome A rich, resounding eponym was born.
Perhaps a rumbling Prussian name Like cannon on a darkling plain. What better phrase could we command For bleeding than: "von Willebrand"?
Or hear the fine French filigree Of purple prose at last set free To dance a blushing minuet For Seigneur Gilles de Ia Tourette.
Oú sont les grands noms du temps jadis? Oh where are the syndromes of memory?
The virologists have done away With euphonious Guillain-Barré. What robot twist may soon delete Mauriceau-Levret-Smellie-Viet?
Good-by our Latin triple-play: de Toni—Fanconi—Debré.
Instead computers' tapes will store That special circum-Alpine lore.
Bonnevie—Ullrich—Turner may be Reduced to new simplicity. Now only cryptic letters show Upon that magic crest: "XO."
Oú sont les syndromes d'antan? Where are the great names of days gone by?
Hail to the fresh atonal day—The abstract chords no hands can play—These scratchy, skinny sounds now free, Born of the stark cacophony.
Farewell the gold Victorian tone Of well-upholstered surnames grown. Into an eponymic hymn—A polyphonic requiem.
Oú sont les grands noms du temps jadis? Oh where are the syndromes of memory?
Lead Levels in Cord Blood
Authors: Harris Paul , Holley Marshall R. 
Published: December 2021

Blood lead levels were determined on 24 mothers during labor and on the blood of their newborn offspring.
The mean value for the mother's blood lead was 13.2 µg/100 gm (range 10 to 20) and for the cord blood 12.3 (range 10 to 20) µg/100 gm whole blood.
These levels are lower than "normal" blood lead standards usually accepted in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood lead poisoning.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Hartley Robert D. 
Published: December 2021

In the study by Honikman and Massell on the diagnosis of streptococcal infections, no mention was ever made as to the amount of growth of streptococcus on the culture plate.
By not stating it, did they imply that the significance and treatment is the same whether there is a pure culture of streptococcus versus only a few colonies mixed in with otherwise "normal flora" of the throat?
Radionuclide Pericardial Scan. Is It Outmoded by Echocardiography?
Authors: Meyer Richard A. , Kaplan Samuel 
Published: December 2021

In the November 1971 issue of Pediatrics, the review article on the use of radionuclide examinations in children refers to pericardial scanning to diagnose pericardial effusion and to differentiate pericardial disease from cardiac enlargement. This technique has been supplanted by the simple noninvasive method of echocardiography which is highly accurate and without risk. Therefore, radionuclide need not be used in the differential diagnosis of pericardial disease.
The review also omits the significant applications of the use of radionuclides in the differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease.