bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Two-Way SMS mHealth Strategy to Reduce Neonatal Mortality: Rationale, Design and Methods of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya
Authors: Ronen Keshet , Choo Esther M , Wandika Brenda , Udren Jenna , Osborn Lusi , Kinthao Peninah , Hedstrom Anna , Masinde Millicent , Kumar Manasi , Wamalwa Dalton , Richardson Barbra A , Kinuthia John , Unger Jennifer A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, approximately half of the estimated 6.3 million under-5 deaths occur in the neonatal period (within the first 28 days of life) and 75% of neonatal deaths occur in the first week of life. Kenya ranks among countries with the highest number of neonatal deaths, with a neonatal mortality rate of 20 per 1000 live births. Novel strategies are needed to meet the WHO’s Every Newborn Action Plan target of 10 or fewer neonatal deaths per 1000 live births by 2035. Improved identification and management of neonates with potentially life-threatening illness is critical. We developed an interactive (two-way) human-computer hybrid SMS intervention, Mobile Solutions for Neonatal Health (Mobile WACh NEO), focused on the perinatal period when risk to mothers and infants is highest. Mobile WACh NEO sends automated tailored and personalized SMS messages to mothers during pregnancy and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Messages employ the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills (IMB) behavioral theory framework to promote 1) maternal implementation of essential newborn care (ENC, which includes early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, cord care and thermal care), 2) maternal identification of neonatal danger signs and care-seeking, and 3) maternal social support and self-efficacy. Participants can also send SMS to the study nurse, enabling on-demand remote support.Methods: We describe a two-arm unblinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Mobile WACh NEO SMS intervention. The RCT will enroll 5000 third trimester pregnant women in 4 facilities in Kenya and randomize them 1:1 to receive interactive SMS communication or no SMS (control), and conduct follow-up study visits at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Neonatal mortality will be compared between arms as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include care-seeking, practice of ENC, and psychosocial health. Exploratory analysis will investigate associations between maternal mental health, practice of ENC, care-seeking and SMS engagement.Discussion: This study will contribute evidence on the impact of two-way SMS in a low-income setting on neonatal outcomes, using a rigorous evaluation design. This study will build evidence to fill a gap in understanding drivers of neonatal outcomes and the potential impact of SMS interventions.Trial registrationTrial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04598165. Registered October 22, 2020 – retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04598165.
Spousal associations of serum metabolomic profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Authors: Rashid Karema Al , Goulding Neil , Taylor Amy , Lumsden Mary Ann , Lawlor Deborah A , Nelson S M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Phenotype-based assortative mating is well established in humans, with the potential for further convergence through a shared environment. To assess the correlation within infertile couples of physical, social, and behavioural characteristics and 155 circulating metabolic measures.

Methods

Cross sectional study at a tertiary medical center of 326 couples undertaking IVF. Serum lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and low-molecular weight metabolites as quantified by NMR spectroscopy (155 metabolic measures). Multivariable and quantile regression correlations within couples of metabolite profiles.

Results

Couples exhibited statistical correlations of varying strength for most physical, social, and behavioural characteristics including age, height, alcohol consumption, education, smoking status, physical activity, family history and ethnicity, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.73. There was no evidence of within couple associations for BMI and weight, where the correlation coefficients were -0.03 (95%CI -0.14, 0.08) and 0.01 (95%CI -0.10, 0.12), respectively. Within spousal associations of the metabolite measurements were all positive but with weak to modest magnitudes, with the median correlation coefficient across all 155 measures being 0.12 (range 0.01 to 0.37 and interquartile range 0.10 to 0.18). With just four having associations stronger than 0.3: docosahexaenoic acid (0.37, 95%CI 0.22, 0.52), omega-3 fatty acids (0.32, 95%CI 0.20, 0.43) histidine (0.32, 95%CI 0.23, 0.41) and pyruvate (0.32, 95%CI 0.22, 0.43).

Conclusions

Infertile couples exhibit spousal similarities for a range of demographic and serum metabolite measures, supporting initial assortative mating, with diet-derived metabolites suggesting possible subsequent convergence of their individual metabolic profile.
Deep Learning-based High-precision Depth Map Estimation from Missing Viewpoints for 360 Degree Digital Holography
Authors: Kim Hakdong , Lim Heonyeong , Jee Minkyu , Lee Yurim , Jeong Jisoo , Choi Kyudam , Yoon MinSung , Kim Cheongwon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel model to extract highly precise depth maps from missing viewpoints, especially for generating holographic 3D content. These depth maps are essential elements for phase extraction, which is required for the synthesis of computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The proposed model, called the holographic dense depth, estimates depth maps through feature extraction, combining, up-sampling. We designed and prepared a total of 8,192 multi-view images with resolutions of 640 × 360. We evaluated our model by comparing the estimated depth maps with their ground truths using peak signal-to-noise ratio, accuracy, and root mean squared error as performance measures. We further compared the CGH patterns created from estimated depth maps with those from ground truths and reconstructed the holographic 3D image scenes from their CGHs. Both quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
In-situ Growth of MAX Phase Coatings on Ecological Carbon and their Terahertz Shielding Properties Investigations
Authors: Huang Jiaxuan , Wan Hujie , Li Mian , Zhang Yiming , Zhu Jianfeng , Li Xuelin , Shui Wenchao , Li Yao , Fan Xiaomeng , Wen Qiye , Xiao Xu , Huang Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have received great interests in recent years. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of materials not only depends on their composition, but also is influenced by their microstructures. Among various microstructure prototypes, porous structure has special advantage of low density and high electromagnetic wave reflections ability. Herein, a MAX@CW composite (Ti2AlC@CW, V2AlC@CW, Cr2AlC@CW) with porous structure is fabricated through a molten salt method by using carbonized wood (CW) as template. The MAX@CW forms conductive network constructions and rich interface that can further improve the EMI shielding effectiveness. The average EMI shielding effectiveness of the three kinds of MAX@CW with the thickness of 1 mm are higher than 45 dB in the frequency range of 0.6 ~ 1.6 THz. Among them, V2AlC@CW show the best EMI shielding effectiveness with the average value of 55 dB.
Manipulation of The Magnetic Properties of Janus WSSe Monolayer By The Adsorption of Transition Metal Atoms
Authors: Chen Kai , Tang Weiqing , Fu Mingming , Li Xu , Ke Congming , Wu Yaping , Wu Zhiming , Kang Junyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional Janus materials have great potential for the applications in spintronic devices due to their particular structures and novel characteristics. However, they are usually non-magnetic in nature. Here, different transition metals (TMs: Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and V) adsorbed WSSe frameworks are constructed, and their structures and magnetic properties are comprehensively investigated by first-principles calculations. The results show that the top of W atom is the most stable absorption site for all the TM atoms, and all the systems exhibit magnetism. Moreover, their magnetic properties significantly depend on the adsorbed elements and the adsorbent chalcogens. A maximal total magnetic moment of 6 μB is obtained in the Cr-adsorbed system. The induced magnetism from S-surface-adsorption is always stronger than that for the Se-surface-adsorption due to its larger electrostatic potential. Interestingly, the easy magnetization axis in the Fe-adsorbed system switches from the in-plane to the out-of-plane when the adsorption surface changes from Se to S surface. The mechanism is analyzed in detail by Fe-3d orbital-decomposed density of states. This work provides a guidance for the modification of magnetism in low-dimensional systems.
Tinea Capitis in an Immigrant Pediatric Community; A Clinical Signs-Based Treatment Approach
Authors: Kassem Riad , Shmase Yahel , Nitzan Orna , Azrad Maya , Peretz Avi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tinea capitis is a common cutaneous infection of the scalp and hair follicles, typically diagnosed by direct examination and culture. Treatment with oral antifungals is usually withheld until mycology results are available. In Israel, African refugee children demonstrate higher susceptibility to Tinea capitis and generally fail to undergo follow-up evaluations. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and treatment response of refugee children in Israel with Tinea capitis, in order to formulate a treatment plan, for primary care physicians. To this end, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the electronic medical records of 76 refugee children presenting with Tinea capitis during 2016-2017. Scaling was the most common clinical finding. Cultures were positive in 64 (84%) and direct examination in 65 (85%) cases, with a positive correlation between the tests in 75% of cases. The most common fungal strain was T. violaceum. Fluconazole treatment failed in 27% of cases. Griseofulvin 50 mg/kg/day was administered to 74 (97%) of the children, and induced clinical responses. No side effects were reported. In African refugee children with suspected Tinea capitis, a culture, direct examination and empiric treatment with griseofulvin 50 mg/kg/day are recommended to prevent outbreak of an epidemic.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is a Promising Noninvasive Biomarker for Predicting the Survival of Urinary System Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xing , Gu Lijiang , Chen Yuhang , Chong Yue , Wang Xinyang , Guo Peng , He Dalin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been reported in numerous studies to effectively predict the pathological features and survival outcomes of urinary system cancers, but no agreement has been reached. The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore the prognostic significance of pretreatment SII in tumours of the urinary system.Methods: Relevant published articles were selected from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to August 30, 2020. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to estimate the associations of pretreatment SII with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and clinicopathological parameters in urinary system cancers.Results: Overall, a total of 13 papers published from 2016 to 2020 involving 15 datasets comprising 3974 patients were finally included in our meta-analysis. From the combined data, we found that high SII prior to treatment indicated markedly worse OS (HR =1.98, 95% CI: 1.75–2.23; p < 0.001), PFS (HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.32–3.26, p = 0.002) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 80.8%, p < 0.001), and CSS (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.73–3.35, p < 0.001). In addition, patients who have an elevated SII value before receiving treatment might have undesirable pathological characteristics, including large tumour size, poor differentiation grade, and advanced tumour stage (all p < 0.001).Conclusion: Pretreatment SII could be used as a noninvasive and promising biomarker for indicating the prognosis of patients with urinary system cancers.
Efficacy of S-1 after pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective multi-institutional analysis
Authors: Takemoto Shinnosuke , Akagi Kazumasa , Ono Sawana , Tomono Hiromi , Honda Noritaka , Suyama Takayuki , Umeyama Yasuhiro , Dotsu Yosuke , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Ogawara Daiki , Senju Hiroaki , Gyotoku Hiroshi , Sugasaki Nanae , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Nakatomi Katsumi , Fukuda Minoru , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was designed to evaluate the treatment effect of S-1 following PEM-containing treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with advanced (c-stage III or IV, UICC 7th) or recurrent NSCLC who received S-1 monotherapy following the failure of previous PEM-containing chemotherapy at 6 hospitals in Japan. Primary endpoint: Overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoint: Disease control rate (DCR), time to treatment failure (TTF), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 53 NSCLC patients met the criteria. Forty-six patients had adenocarcinoma (88.7%) and no patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-one patients (58.5%) received the standard S-1 regimen and 18 patients (34.0%) received the modified S-1 regimen. ORR was 1.9% (95% confidential interval (CI): 0.00-10.1%). Median TTF, PFS, and OS were 65 days, 84 days, and 385 days, respectively. Conclusion: Although there were several limitations in this study, the ORR of S-1 after PEM in patients with non-SQ NSCLC was low compared to the historical control. It might be one of the choices to avoid S-1 treatment in PEM-treated patients who need tumor shrinkage.
Defining a Clinical Prediction Rule to Diagnose Bacterial Gastroenteritis Requiring Empirical Antibiotics in an Emergency Department Setting: a Retrosepctive Review
Authors: De Dios Michael , Sajeed Shanaz , Jun Dan Ong Wei , Punyadasa Amila Clarence 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDGastroenteritis (GE) is a nonspecific term for various pathologic states of the gastrointestinal tract. Infectious agents usually cause acute gastroenteritis. At present, there are no robust decision-making rules that predict bacterial GE and hence dictate when to start antibiotics in patients presenting with acute GE to the ED. We aim to define a clinical prediction rule to diagnose bacterial gastroenteritis requiring empirical antibiotics in an emergency department setting. METHODSA 2-year retrospective case review was performed on all cases from July 2015 to June 2017 that presented acutely with infectious GE symptoms to the Emergency Department and then had stool cultures performed. The clinical parameters analysed included patient co-morbid conditions, physical examination findings, historical markers, point of care tests and other laboratory work. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis on each group (Bacterial culture-positive GE and Bacterial culture-negative GE) to elucidate clinical criteria with the highest yield for predicting BGE. RESULTS756 patients with a mean age of 52 years, 52% of whom were female, and 48% male, were recruited into the study. Based on the data from these patients, we suggest using a scoring system to delineate the need for empirical antibiotics in patients with suspected bacterial GE based on six clinical and laboratory variables. A score 0-3 points on the suggests low risk (5.8%) of bacterial GE. A score of 4-5 points confers an intermediate risk of 28.5% and a score of 6-8 points confers a high risk of 66.7%. A cut-off of >5 points may be used to predict culture positive BGE with a 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The AUROC for the scoring system (range 0-8) is 0.812+0.016 (95% CI: 0.780-0.843) p-value <0.001. CONCLUSIONWhile this is a pilot study which will require further validation with a larger sample size, our proposed decision-making rule will potentially serve to improve diagnosis of BGE, reduce unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics which will in turn reduce antibiotic associated adverse events and save costs worldwide.
Experimental Demonstration of Multi-dimensional Coding/decoding for Image Transfer with Controllable Vortex Arrays
Authors: Zhu Long , Wang Andong , Deng Mingliang , Lu Bing , Guo Xiaojin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which featuring helical phase front, have been regarded as an alternative spatial degree of freedom for optical mode coding and multiplexing. For most reported OAM-based mode coding schemes, data information is only encoded by different OAM mode states. In this paper, we introduce a novel design technique to construct vortex array phase grating (VAPGs) for the flexible generation of vortex arrays, and employ the proposed VAPGs to realize multi-dimensional space/mode/amplitude coding/decoding. By designing VAPGs with different parameters and loading them on to a single spatial light modulator (SLM), we successfully generate vortex array with different mode states and relative power in the experiments. Moreover, a 10-bit multi-dimensional space/mode/amplitude data coding/decoding scheme for image transfer in free-space link with a zero bit-error-rate is experimentally demonstrated, which confirm the feasibility of our proposed VAPG-based coding/decoding scheme.
Effects of Clinical Characteristics on Sleep Quality in Patients with Chronic Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Auh Q-Schick , An Jung-Sub , Kim Tae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare sleep quality between patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder and healthy controls, and to analyze the association of sleep quality with disease characteristics, obstructive sleep apnea risk factors, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Methods: Chronic temporomandibular disorder patients (n=503) and 180 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included, who completed well-organized clinical report and answered questions on sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), sleep apnea risk factors (STOP-Bang questionnaire), and excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale). Results: Mean global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly higher in the patients (6.25±2.77) than in healthy controls (6.25±2.77) (p<0.001). Poor sleep was significantly more prevalent in the patient group (56.9%) than in healthy controls (22.2%) (p<0.001). Compared with healthy controls, chronic temporomandibular disorder patients had a higher likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea. (STOP-Bang total score ≥3; 7.2% vs. 16.1%; p<0.01) and higher excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale score ≥10; 12.8% vs. 19.7%; p<0.05). Age (odds ratio=2.551; p<0.001), female sex (odds ratio=1.885; p=0.007), total Epworth sleepiness scale score (odds ratio=1.839; p=0.014), and headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (odds ratio=1.519; p=0.049) were the most powerful predictors of poor sleep (global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥5) in chronic temporomandibular disorder patients.﻿Conclusion: Chronic temporomandibular disorder patients had sleep quality impairment. Various factors, including peripheral and central factors, affect the patient's sleep quality. Therefore, in addition to sleep quality and sleep-related problems, the underlying central mechanism for poor sleep quality should be assessed when treating chronic temporomandibular disorder patients.
Free-living nematode assemblages associated with maize residues and their ecological significance
Authors: Maina Samuel , Karuri Hannah , Ng’endo Rossa Nyoike 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Return of plant residues to the soil is a sustainable way of enhancing plant growth, health, and levels of soil quality. In Kenya, maize plant residues are the most commonly returned plant material in many agro-ecosystems. For any plant material to release nutrients into the soil, it must undergo a decomposition process that is usually affected by various organisms, especially nematodes. Despite their great contribution to the breakdown of plant organic matter, there is a dearth of information on the interaction between maize residues and free-living nematodes (FLN) in Kenya. In this respect, this study aimed to assess the influence of decomposing maize residues on FLN dynamics and the soil food web in Mwea, Kenya. The experimental plots were set up in a randomized complete block design, comprising of decomposition plots (incorporated with maize residue to a depth of 30 cm at a rate of 5 tons/hectare), while the plots unincorporated with maize residues were used as the control. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. In all, 30 FLN genera were recovered from the field trials, whereby Acrobeles was significantly abundant in decomposition plots in both seasons. We subsequently found that maize residues reduced the abundance of enrichment opportunist bacterivores (cp-1) relative to general opportunist (cp-2) bacterivores and fungivores. Notably, the results of the channel index showed that the decomposition of maize residues was dominated by fungal energy channels throughout the study in the two seasons. These results suggest that maize residues need to be coupled with a suitable labile organic matter. This would lead to sustainable, active, and reliable turn-over of maize residues into the soil food web ecosystems. The application of labile materials can also help to improve the population of enrichment bacterivores that are essential in the decomposition process. This study shows that the decomposition of maize residues influenced FLN composition, mainly the enrichment opportunist bacterivores whose abundance was lower.
A draft transcriptome of a parasite Neocamacolaimus parasiticus (Camacolaimidae, Plectida)
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Adedidran Funmilola , Holovachov Oleksandr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Camacolaimidae is a clade of nematodes that include both free-living epistrate feeding forms and parasites of marine protozoans and invertebrates. Neocamacolaimus parasiticus is a parasite of marine polychaete worms. Given its phylogenetic affinities to free-living species, Neocamacolaimus can be a reference for research of the origin of parasitism in an aquatic environment. Here, we present a draft transcriptome obtained from a single post-parasitic juvenile individual of this species. The final assembly consists of 19,180 protein coding sequences (including isoforms) with the following BUSCO scores for Nematoda: 65.38% complete, 9.06% partial, and 25.56% missing, and for Metazoa: 79.45% complete, 3.17% partial, and 17.38% missing.