bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LED lighting threatens adult aquatic insects: Impact magnitude and distance thresholds
Authors: Carannante Deborah , Blumenstein Claudia Sara , Hale James David , Arlettaz Raphaël 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing globally, and changing in quality due to the installation of white LED street lighting. ALAN is a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet important knowledge gaps exist regarding the magnitude of impacts and how these vary between habitats and levels of exposure. The disturbance of aquatic habitats by ALAN is of particular concern as human settlements and activities are often located near waterbodies, and many aquatic species are sensitive to ALAN.

Focusing on adult aquatic insects, an experimental approach was employed in the riparian zone of a structurally simplified river within a dark rural landscape. Two studies were used to (a) estimate the magnitude of the capture effect of white LED lamps and (b) to explore how captures at lamps vary with their distance from the river, and define any distance thresholds. Both studies sampled mayflies (Ephemeroptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and true flies (Diptera) repeatedly during mid‐to‐late summer using modified flight intercept traps positioned adjacent to portable LED lamps. In Study A, lit traps were paired with unlit controls. In Study B, lit traps were positioned at six distances up to a maximum of 80 m from the stream edge.

For each of the three study orders, captures were significantly higher in the lit treatment compared to the dark control, with medium to large effect sizes.

For all study orders, captures at lamps significantly reduced with increasing distance from the river edge. Rapid declines in captures were recorded for Trichoptera (from 10 m) and Ephemeroptera (40 m), with a more gradual decline in Diptera from 60 m that continued up to the maximum sample distance.

Previous research indicates that LED lighting can be less attractive to flying insects than broader spectrum alternatives. However, this study demonstrates that the effects of white LED lamps on flying adult aquatic insects should not be dismissed and can extend far from aquatic habitats. As a precautionary approach, and until finer recommendations are available, we recommend that LED lamps should be excluded from a buffer zone of ca. 40–60 m around rivers.
Light‐Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence Polymers with INHIBIT Logic Function
Authors: Huang Zizhao , Hu Ying , Jin Xin , Zhao Yunhan , Su Jianhua , Ma Xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDynamically tuning the emission of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials through external stimuli is fascinating because of their fundamental and application interests. In this work, light‐responsive and luminescence‐tunable CPL‐active materials are synthesized by mixing achiral helical polymer containing vibration‐induced emission (VIE) molecules and spiropyran (SP) with a chiral helical polymer. Through regulating the distinct emission of VIE molecules and the reversible photoisomerization of SP, the dynamic Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be explored to reversibly control the emission color of CPL in different states after light‐controlled isomerization. This project is the first comprehensive investigation of CPL‐active materials with VIE properties. Finally, taking the advantage of the multistimuli responsive CPL signal in different states, an “INHIBIT” logic gate with CPL signal output based on the combination of control of UV/vis light irradiation time and state alternation is constructed.
Theorizing Organizational Learning to Enhance Youth–Adult Partnerships in Community‐Based Youth Serving Organizations
Authors: Nalani Andrew , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Godfrey Erin B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYouth–adult partnerships are intentionally cultivated intergenerational relationships characterized by shared power among youth and adults. Although youth–adult partnerships (Y‐APs) are widely adopted as a strategy to promote key positive development outcomes in youth service organizations, research documents various challenges that affect their quality implementation. This critical literature review presents a theoretical framework for how community‐based youth service organizations may enhance youth–adult partnership quality through organizational learning. The main premise is that Y‐AP implementation challenges are best understood as challenges of collective learning within an organization. As such, the review integrates theory and research in organizational learning with present scholarship on Y‐APs to delineate how two learning processes—intra‐group and inter‐group knowledge transfer—influence Y‐AP quality. These learning pathways exist in dynamic interaction at different levels of the organizational hierarchy, at the point of service and beyond. The theoretical framework provides a road map for effective functioning of Y‐APs in practice and an interpretive lens for descriptive and intervention research to understand and address Y‐AP challenges.
Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism
Authors: Van de Cruys Sander , Lemmens Lisa , Sapey‐Triomphe Laurie‐Anne , Chetverikov Andrey , Noens Ilse , Wagemans Johan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty‐four autistic and 25‐matched neurotypical children searched for an odd‐one‐out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target‐distractor role‐reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically.Lay summaryRecent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task.
Vergleich unterschiedlicher Energieausweis‐Berechnungsarten mit den realen Verbrauchswerten
Authors: Pitscheider Alexander , Hafellner Hans 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFür 23 bestehende Gebäude wurden jeweils drei verschiedene Vorgehensweisen zur Energieausweisberechnung betrachtet und zusätzlich mit den tatsächlichen Energieverbräuchen verglichen. Somit ergeben sich insgesamt 69 Energieausweise und 23 Energieverbrauchsabrechnungen für bestehende Wohngebäude, welche in Relation gesetzt werden. Einzelne berechnete Energieausweisergebnisse stimmen gut mit den tatsächlichen Verbräuchen überein, jedoch gibt es, unabhängig von der Berechnungsmethode, Abweichungen bis 350 % von den realen Verbräuchen. Die drei verschiedenen Energieausweisberechnungsmethoden wurden auch untereinander in Relation gesetzt, um die bestmögliche Berechnungsart zu ermitteln. Dies verdeutlichte, dass die Exaktheit der Ergebnisse der Berechnungsart auch von der Gebäudegröße abhängig ist. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kategorisierung der Bauweise ebenfalls eine entscheidende Rolle für die Ergebnisse liefert und so ist die Abschaffung der „sehr schweren Bauweise” in der OIB Richtlinie 6 mit der Version 2019 nicht gerechtfertigt. Weiter werden Verbesserungsvorschläge in Hinsicht auf die Orientierung der Bauteile, die Einbindung von digitalen Sonnenstands‐ und Beschattungsmöglichkeiten, den Haushaltsstrombedarf, die Energiekennzahlausweisung nach Nutzeranzahl und Zonierungen dargestellt.
Comparison of annual performance factors of normatively designed heat pump systems
Authors: Vering Christian , Maier Laura , Breuer Katharina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeat pumps play a key role in decarbonizing the heat supply for buildings. To exploit heat pump's potential in a resource‐efficient way, high coefficients of performance (COP) are required. For air‐source heat pumps, the COP is subject to outside temperature, building dynamics, and user demands. To achieve high COPs, it is necessary to design heat pumps to meet the demands and to optimize operation in terms of COP.In this study, we compare design methods according to DIN EN 15450 and VDI Guideline 4645. Based on these, heat pump systems (heat pump, auxiliary heater and thermal storages) are designed for an example building, and a controller is set up. Following VDI Guideline 4650, an Annual Performance Factor (APF) is used for comparison on the basis of dynamic simulations. For the same building, the study proves both systems to ensure supply temperatures at APFs about 3.5 to 4. In order to achieve optimal APF, a consideration of operation already in the design should be suggested.
Einfluss der äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsfläche auf das Schalldämm‐Maß
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie Schalldämmung, ausgedrückt mit der kennzeichnenden Größe R'w, wird in Deutschland zur Beschreibung des baulichen Schallschutzes verwendet. Die messtechnische Ermittlung erfolgt nach den Regeln wie sie in DIN EN ISO 16283 Teil 1 beschrieben werden, wobei die Trennfläche mit der äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsfläche normiert wird. Die äquivalente Schallabsorptionsfläche wird durch Messung der Nachhallzeit im Empfangsraum ermittelt. DIN EN ISO 16283 Teil 1 fordert die Anwendung der Sabine'schen Nachhallformel zur Berechnung der äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsfläche. Für Räume mit größeren äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsflächen hat sich allgemein die Verwendung der Eyring'schen Nachhallformel bewährt. Welchen Einfluss die Bestimmung der äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsfläche mittels der Nachhallformel nach Eyring auf die Ermittlung des bewerteten Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maßes hat, wird anhand theoretischer Betrachtung als auch durch Messergebnisse dargestellt. Es hat sich dabei gezeigt, dass die Anwendung der Eyring'schen Nachhallformel bei der Ermittlung des bewerteten Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maßes ein um bis zu 1 dB höheres bewertetes Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maß bewirkt.
Untersuchungen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz – Teil 2: Vergleich zwischen Modellierung mit Abminderungsfaktor (FC‐Faktor) und bidirektionalem Ansatz (BSDF‐Methode)
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Kheybari Abolfazl Ganji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn einer dreiteiligen Artikelreihe wird der Nachweis des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes mit verschiedenen Methoden und unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen untersucht. Während Teil 1 die herkömmlichen Verfahren nach DIN 4108‐2 miteinander vergleicht und unter dem Aspekt der sich verändernden Klimabedingungen betrachtet, beschäftigt sich Teil 2 mit mehrdimensionalen Simulationsansätzen für Sonnenschutz. In Teil 3 werden zusätzlich Modellierungsverfahren vorgestellt, die für die korrekte Wiedergabe spezieller Geometrien und hoch reflektierender Materialien bei Verschattungssystemen von Bedeutung sind.In Teil 2 wird der außenliegende Sonnenschutz, der bereits in Teil 1 mit FC‐Faktor simuliert wurde, nun mit einem dreidimensionalen Ansatz, der sogenannten BSDF‐Methode, modelliert. Dieser Ansatz berücksichtigt den solaren Transmissionsgrad des Gesamtsystems abhängig vom solaren Höhenwinkel und Azimuth und stellt damit eine deutlich präzisere Berechnungsmethode dar. In einer Detailanalyse werden die grundlegenden Unterschiede der beiden Ansätze vorgestellt, wobei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den sekundären Wärmestrom im Raum gelegt wird. Anschließend werden die zwei Modellierungsansätze im Hinblick auf die Nachweisführung zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz miteinander verglichen, wobei neben dem normativ geforderten Klimadatensatz (TRY 2010) ebenso die zukünftigen Wetterdaten (TRY 2035) angewandt werden.
Energieeffiziente kontrollierte natürliche Lüftung in Nichtwohngebäuden
Authors: Scheuring Leonie , Weller Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDas Gebäude‐Energie‐Gesetz (GEG) regelt in Deutschland die Grenzwerte für den Energiebedarf von Neubauten und Sanierungen mit dem Ziel, bis zum Jahr 2050 einen nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestand zu erreichen. Anforderungswerte für die Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten, die Wärmebrücken und die Luftdichtheit sind im GEG explizit angegeben, für die Planung der Belüftung wurden jedoch keine expliziten Regelungen getroffen. Ein geplantes Belüftungssystem ist erlaubt, sofern der resultierende Primärenergiebedarf des Gebäudes den Anforderungen entspricht. Eine natürliche Lüftung wird in den vereinfachten Nachweisen des Monatsbilanzverfahrens dabei meist als energetisch nachteilig angesehen, führt sie zwingendermaßen zu Lüftungswärmeverlusten. Mechanische Lüftungssysteme können dahingegen mit Anrechnung ihrer Wärmerückgewinnung vorteilig angesetzt werden. Die natürliche Lüftung hat jedoch, ist sie als kontrollierte elektrisch betriebene Fensteröffnung ausgeführt, das Potenzial einer Energieeffizienzsteigerung mit hoher Nutzerbehaglichkeit. In einer Simulation über EnergyPlus wurden für einen Büroraum Öffnungs‐ und Schließsignale einer CO2‐geregelten natürlichen Fensterlüftung verglichen. Eine Regelung, die bei 900 ppm CO2‐Konzentration öffnet und bei 800 ppm schließt, stellte die energieeffizienteste und thermisch behaglichste Regelung dar. Für diese Regelung wurden die realen Öffnungsdauern an einem experimentellen Büroraum ausgewertet. Es ergaben sich in Abhängigkeit des Windes und der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Innen und Außen Öffnungsdauern von 3 bis 5 Minuten.
The frequency window effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields in promoting osteogenic differentiation and bone formation involves extension of osteoblastic primary cilia and activation of protein kinase A
Authors: Zhou Jian , Gao Yu Hai , Zhu Bao Ying , He Wen Fang , Wang Gang , Xian Cory J. , Chen Ke Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic fields (EMFs) have emerged as a versatile means for osteoporosis treatment and prevention. However, its optimal application parameters are still elusive. Here, we optimized the frequency parameter first by cell culture screening and then by animal experiment validation. Osteoblasts isolated from newborn rats (ROBs) were exposed 90 min/day to 1.8 mT SEMFs at different frequencies (ranging from 10 to 100 Hz, interval of 10 Hz). SEMFs of 1.8 mT inhibited ROB proliferation at 30, 40, 50, 60 Hz, but increased proliferation at 10, 70, 80 Hz. SEMFs of 10, 50, and 70 Hz promoted ROB osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as shown by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and osteogenesis‐related molecule expression analyses, with 50 Hz showing greater effects than 10 and 70 Hz. Treatment of young rats with 1.8 mT SEMFs at 10, 50, or 100 Hz for 2 months significantly increased whole‐body bone mineral density (BMD) and femur microarchitecture, with the 50 Hz group showing the greatest effect. Furthermore, 1.8 mT SEMFs extended primary cilia lengths of ROBs and increased protein kinase A (PKA) activation also in a frequency‐dependent manner, again with 50 Hz SEMFs showing the greatest effect. Pretreatment of ROBs with the PKA inhibitor KT5720 abolished the effects of SEMFs to increase primary cilia length and promote osteogenic differentiation/mineralization. These results indicate that 1.8 mT SEMFs have a frequency window effect in promoting osteogenic differentiation/mineralization in ROBs and bone formation in growing rats, which involve osteoblast primary cilia length extension and PKA activation.
Na‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite Nanocrystals Supported Nickel Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Wan Zhijian , Tao Youkun , You Hengzhi , Zhang Xiang , Shao Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmmonia has been increasingly recognised as an effective hydrogen carrier to produce clean hydrogen free of COx emissions. This study reports the development of Ni‐based catalysts to efficiently crack ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. A series of catalysts with different Ni loadings supported on Na‐ZSM‐5 zeolite nanocrystals were prepared with the assistance of 1,10‐phenanthroline ligand. The coordination of Ni and the ligand led to the formation of uniform Ni nanoparticles with a mean size of ∼2.3 nm. These small Ni nanoparticles of the catalyst enabled a high activity in ammonia decomposition evaluated using a fixed‐bed reactor. Using the zeolite support in its pristine sodium form provided the catalyst with desired basicity. This promotes a strong metal‐support interaction, leading the catalyst to have high stability. The catalyst with 5 wt% Ni loading exhibited a high TOF of 3.51 s−1 with no performance degradation at 650 °C for 50 h.
Drying Kinetics and Optimization of Quercetrin Extraction from Melastoma malabathricum Leaves
Authors: Awang Mohd Azrie , Chua Lee Suan , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Pin Kar Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe leaves of Melastoma malabathricum were dried and ultrasonicated to produce a high‐quality extract. The optimum drying temperature was determined to obtain the highest yield, total phenolics, and flavonoids, especially quercetrin content with antiradical capacity. The Midilli model could explain the drying kinetics satisfactorily. The effective diffusivity of moisture ranged between 2.16 and 10.22 × 10−11 m2s−1, and the activation energy was 49.81 kJ mol−1. The dried leaves were extracted under optimized conditions in terms of particle size, solid‐to‐solvent ratio, solvent concentration, extraction time, and ultrasonic amplitude of the ultrasound‐assisted system. The quadratic model was applied to predict reasonably the yield and quercetrin content in the extract.
Ölfreie Klauenpumpe für robuste Grobvakuumanwendungen
Authors: Gorrebeck Niels 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpeziell für raue industrielle Prozesse stellt Leybold die unkomplizierte, trockene Grobvakuumpumpe CLAWVAC vor. Sie eignet sich neben Anwendungen in der Lebensmittelverarbeitung, Verpackungs‐ und Umwelttechnik auch für Trocknungs‐ und Sterilisationsproze
Comparison of Fine and Coarse Rice Varieties for Nickel Accumulation and Growth Response at Different Levels of Nickel
Authors: Fatma Shabih , Sabir Muhammad , Aziz Tariq , Ahmad Hamaad Raza , Yaseen Muhammad , Zia‐ur‐Rehman Muhammad , Hakeem Khalid Rehman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe differential growth response and nickel (Ni) accumulation by two rice varieties grown in Ni‐contaminated soil are investigated. Soil is contaminated with Ni at different levels viz. control (0), 7, 15, 22, 30, and 38 mg kg−1 soil. Two rice varieties viz. Basmati‐2000 (fine variety) and KSK‐133 (coarse variety) are grown in pots containing Ni‐contaminated soil. The plants are harvested at four growth stages with an interval of 15 days. Harvested plants are washed with distilled water to remove aerial deposition. Harvested plants are oven‐dried, weighed, grinded, and digested with di‐acid mixture. The digested samples are analyzed for Ni, zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentration. The results indicate that the maximum level of Ni (38 mg kg−1) inhibits the shoot and root growth. The maximum shoot and root dry weights are observed at lower level of Ni, that is, 7 mg kg−1. The concentration of Ni in plants increases with increasing Ni levels compared to control while the concentration of Zn and Mn decreases with increasing Ni levels. The maximum concentrations of all elements are recorded at the first harvest which gradually decrease in the subsequent harvests. It is concluded that Basmati‐2000 is tolerant to Ni toxicity compared to KSK‐133.
Factors Affecting Spatial and Temporal Variability of Metals in Drainage Water from Arable Fields
Authors: Baborowski Martina , Rupp Holger , Wendt‐Potthoff Katrin , Tauchnitz Nadine , Meissner Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRespecting fertilizer application, the metal content in drainage water is studied under conventional agricultural management from 2013 to 2014 in two adjacent fields located in the North German Plain. Findings are compared with data of nutrients, main ions, and dissolved organic carbon, as well as element contents in fertilizers and geogenic background values of soils. Comparatively low metal concentrations are found in drainage water. These results are in line with metal contents of applied mineral fertilizers, of cattle slurry, and random analysis of the two soils considered. Relating to effective ordinances, the applied fertilizers occasionally pose a risk for the groundwater or downstream water bodies. Concentrations of some metals (Al, Co, Cr, Pb, and V) are rather affected by soil erosion than by fertilizers. Besides fertilizers and soil erosion, mainly pedo‐hydrological conditions, which differ between the two fields, influence element profiles in tile drainage by the extent of anoxia and subsequent denitrification and sulfate reduction. Against the background of climate change, further investigations with respect to possible changes in soil water budget are necessary.
Comparative study of transgenic and nontransgenic cotton
Authors: Zeng Linghe , Wu Jixiang , Bourland Fred M. , Campbell B. Todd , Dever Jane K. , Hague Steve , Myers Gerald O. , Raper Tyson B. , Smith Wayne , Zhang Jinfa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe environmental impact of genetically modified crops has been extensively investigated. However, few reports on the influence of transgenic traits on genetic structure have been reported in the literature. It is unknown how or if transgenic cultivars have affected genotypic variation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) since its rise to dominance in cotton production. In this study, the genotypic variance components,g, of lint yield (LY) and fiber quality were compared among transgenic and nontransgenic cotton in the USDA Regional High Quality (RHQ) tests from 2002 through 2018. The popular transgenic and nontransgenic cultivars/lines developed by the major private and public cotton breeding programs in the United States during this period were included. Testing cycles within the RHQ protocol consist of standardized control cultivars plus experimental entries. Variance components were dissected in each testing year within six such testing cycles. Lint yield of the transgenic cotton was generally higher than nontransgenic cotton. Fiber quality of the nontransgenic cotton was generally higher than the transgenic cotton. For LY, the proportion ofgto the total variance was lower in the transgenic cotton than in the nontransgenic cotton, but the difference diminished in the recent two cycles. The proportion ofgwas lower in the transgenic cotton compared with the nontransgenic cotton for fiber length, fiber strength, fiber uniformity, and micronaire. The discrepancy between the two types of cotton in the RHQ tests reflects the influences of differential breeding schemes in the private and public breeding programs on means and genotypic variance of LY and fiber quality.