bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mobility Model for Return and Repeated Migration Based on Network Motifs
Authors: Curiel Rafael Prieto , Domínguez Mauricio Quiñones , Lora Eduardo , O'Clery Neave 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
People changing residence within their own country is the most common type of migration and is one of the main driving forces of a country's demography. Yet, due to a lack of data and tools, some key characteristics of internal migration such as the propensity to remain in the same city or to return to previous locations are frequently ignored. Here, a network-based model of city-to-city migration is constructed, where the movement of individuals is modelled using the frequency of distinct network motifs. We fit this model to longitudinal data on 3.3 million workers in Colombia, including 1.4 million migrations, and compare the motif frequency based on migration and return rates between men and women, and between distinct age and income groups. Results show that the majority of people do not move in general, but that there is a small group which exhibits frequent migration, particularly the young and male. Nearly three out of four times that a person moves, they are going back to a previous city, although women and mature people are less likely to move and more likely to return if they actually move. At a city level, different onward and return migration patterns are observed, whereby people from small secondary towns are more likely to leave and not return than people from large metropolitan areas like Bogotá or Medellín.
Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Ecosystem on Berry Surface During the Ripening of Ecolly Grape in Wuhai, China
Authors: Ding Yinting , Wei Ruteng , Wang Lin , Yang Chenlu , Wang Hua , Li Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of the microbial ecosystem on the grape surface affect the health of berries and the flavor of wines, which are also changed by many factors such as climate, weather conditions, agronomic practices, and physiological development. To understand and explore the natural characteristics of grape surface microbial ecosystem during ripening, the species composition and dynamics of fungi and bacteria communities on the skin of Ecolly grape were determined by Illumina Novaseq platform sequencing. The results showed that 2146 fungal OTUs and 4175 bacterial OTUs were obtained, belonging to 4 fungal phyla and 20 bacterial phyla, and Shannon index indicated that the fungus community had the highest species diversity at the véraison stage and the bacteria community at the harvest stage. The four dominant fungal genera during grape ripening included Alternaria, Naganishia, Filobasidium, and Aureobasidium, which accounted for 82.8% of the total fungal community, and the dominant bacterial genera included Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, and Massilia, which accounted for 77.9% of the total bacterial community. The species richness and diversity in the grape microbial ecosystem are constantly changing during the maturation stages, and there are complex interactions and correlations between related core microbial genera, which may have an important impact on the function and ecological role of the community. This study provides a basis for understanding the natural characteristics of the microbial ecosystem on the grape surface during the grape ripening, and the sustainable production concept of the microecology driving the viticulture management system.
Solar Pumps and Water-Energy Nexus in Gujarat, India:
First Assessment of the World’s Largest Pilot on Grid-connected Solar Irrigation Pumps
Authors: Shah Tushaar , Rai Gyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The epicentre of Gujarat’s perverse nexus between electricity subsidy and groundwater depletion lies in its legacy of 485,000 unmetered tubewell owners who have fiercely resisted metering for 20 years. These comprise 40 percent of Gujarat’s irrigation connections but account for 49 percent of agricultural load, 71 percent of energy use in groundwater abstraction and 90 percent of farm power subsidies. Suryashakti Kisan Yojana (SKY), a large, state-wide pilot project which solarised and net-metered 4215 tubewells and began paying farmers for evacuating surplus solar energy, has been enthusiastically embraced by unmetered and metered farmers alike. SKY promises politically acceptable resolution of a wicked energy-water conundrum that afflicts much of India and west Asia. Mainstreaming SKY can significantly reduce groundwater overdraft, GHG emissions and subsidy burden. It will increase farm incomes while radically improving energy-water accounting and management. Gujarat government should invest in compulsory, free-of-cost solarisation of tubewells. We show that doing so is profitable for government and beneficial for farmers, climate and environment.
Chemical Profiles of The Active Fraction From Prinsepia Utilis Royle Leaves and Its Anti-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Evaluation in Animal Models
Authors: Peng Ying , Peng Chongsheng , Wu Yang , Sun Chongzhi , Li Xiaobo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The Prinsepia utilis Royle leaves (P. utilis) is a folk herb used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) control by ethnic minorities for centuries in China with rich in resources. Our previous studies have confirmed the anti-BPH effect of its water extract (QCJ) and the active fraction (Fr. B) separated from the QCJ by animal test. The Fr. B from P. utilis maybe as a candidate for BPH control.
Methods

In this study, the chemical ingredients of Fr. B were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and quantified by HPLC. Murine animal models were divided into 8 groups, Sham rats, BPH rats, BPH rats administered with Finasteride (1 mg/kg), BPH rats administered with Pule'an (460 mg/kg), BPH rats administered with Low QCJ (860 mg (dry leaf)/kg), BPH rats administered with High QCJ (2580 mg (dry leaf)/kg), BPH rats administered with Low Fr. B (160 mg (dry leaf)/kg), BPH rats administered with High Fr. B (480 mg (dry leaf)/kg). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the prostate tissue of rats was tested, and serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) in prostate homogenate were measured. One-way ANOVA followed by LSD was used for statistical analysis.
Results

The BPH rats treated by Fr. B exhibited the significant reductions of VEGF and MDA levels, as well the significant increases of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in the prostate tissue after 28 day administration (P < 0.05). Moreover, Fr. B significantly reduced DHT, DHT/E2 ratio, TNF-α, while increased T levels in serum of BPH rats (P < 0.05). UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis revealed 10 flavonoids as the key constituents of this fraction, which accounted for 54.96% of all substance of Fr. B. Compound 1 was with a relative content of 11.1%, and compound 2 was with a relative content of 13% in Fr. B.
Conclusions

These results indicated that the Fr. B obtained from P. Utilis alleviated the symptoms of BPH rats through multiple mechanisms including reduction of DHT/E2 ratio, inhibition of growth factor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, in which flavonoids might be the key constituents. It supported the hypothesis that the Fr. B should be further explored as a candidate for BPH patients.
Diagnostic Value And Safety of Medical Thoracoscopy In The Pleural Effusion of Different Causes
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Dong Xilin , Zhang Yu , Fang Ping , Shi Hongyang , Ming Zongjuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Pleural effusions are caused by various reasons, whose diagnosis remains challenging in spite of various means of diagnosis. Medical thoracoscopy, greatly improves the diagnostic efficacy and gets preference for managements, especially undiagnosed pleural effusions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy and safety of medical thoracoscopy in patients with pleural effusion of different causes. Methods: Between January 1st 2012 and April 30th 2021, patients with pleural effusion underwent medical thoracoscopy in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. According to the discharge diagnosis, patients were grouped into three, including malignant, tuberculous and inflammatory group. General information, tuberculosis-related and effusion-related indices of three groups were analyzed. The diagnostic yield, diagnostic accuracy, performance under thoracoscopy and complications of patients were compared in three groups. Then, the significant factors for predictive diagnosis between the malignant and tuberculous group were analyzed. Results: During this 10-year study, 106 patients were included, with 67 males and 39 females, mean age 57.1±14.184 years. In 74 patients confirmed under thoracoscopy, 41 patients (38.7%) were malignant, 21 patients (19.8%) tuberculous and 32 patients (30.2%) undiagnostic. The diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy is 69.8%, and 75.9% in the malignant, 48.8% in the tuberculous, and 75.0% in the inflammatory. The diagnostic accuracies are 100%, 87.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. Under thoracoscopy, we observed single or multiple pleural nodules in 81.1%, pleural adhesions in 34.0% of patients with pleural effusions. The most common complication was chest pain (41.5%), following by chest tightness (11.3%), fever (10.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that effusion appearance (OR=0.001, 95%CI: 0.000-0.204, P=0.010), CEA (OR=0.243, 95%CI: 0.081-0.728, P=0.011) were significant in the differentiation of malignant and tuberculous pleural effusion. Conclusion: Medical thoracoscopy is an effective, safe, less invasive procedure with high diagnostic yield for the pleural effusion of different causes. Medical thoracoscopy has a promising prospect.
Identification of QTLs for Seed Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Brassica Napus Grown with Contrasting Nitrogen Supplies
Authors: Zou Maoyan , Shi Taoxiong , Wang Wei , Ding Guangda , Xu Fangsen , Shi Lei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.; B. napus) is the main oil crop in China as well as in the world. Nitrogen (N) deficiency significantly reduces the seed yield of B. napus. However, a very few studies involved in the genetic mechanism of seed yield (SY) and SY-related traits of B. napus in response to N deficiency. In this study, plant height (PH), branch number (BN), pod number (PN), seed number (SN), 1000-seed weight (SW) and SY were investigated using a B. napus double haploid (BnaTNDH) population derived from a cross between cultivars ‘Tapidor’ and ‘Ningyou7’ grown at an optimal (ON) and a low N (LN) supplies in three-year field trials. Great variations of SY and related traits were observed in BnaTNDH population under contrasting N supplies. A total of 106 and 110 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for six traits at ON and LN in three field trials, respectively. All of these significant QTLs for the same trait were integrated into 191 consensus QTLs. Nine and eleven consensus QTLs at ON and LN were detected in two or three trials, respectively, and the remaining were environment-specific. One hundred and three unique QTLs were integrated from 191 consensus QTLs, including 29 low N specific QTLs, 35 optimal N specific QTLs and 39 constitutive QTLs. uqA3q was integrated from four consensus QTLs for PN, PH, SN, SY at LN, uqC9f was integrated from consensus QTLs for BN, SY, PN at ON and LN. Both were detected in three trials. This result may help to better understand the genetic mechanism of yield traits in response to low N and promote the breeding of N efficient varieties.
Cost-Effectiveness of Teriflunomide and Fingolimod in The First-Line Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis：The Chinese Health System Perspective
Authors: Dong Zuojun , Hu Zhichao , Zhou Xiaoying , Wang Jingwen , Wang Jianwei , Wang Chaojun , Sun Guojun , Tao Qiucheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of teriflunomide and fingolimod in relapsing-remitting patients in the first-line treatment from the perspective of the Chinese health system perspective.Methods A Markov model was developed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) from the Chinese health system perspective.Cost input includes medication, follow-up, nursing, recurrence treatment and adverse reaction management.Treatment effects, including monthly confrmed disability worsening and annualized relapse rate.The output result was ICER and the threshold of willingness to pay(WTP) was three times per capita GDP.One-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis are carried out to test the stability of the model results.Results In the context of medical insurance with Chinese characteristics.The total cost of treatment with teriflunomide was ¥423,816.61, and the total cost of treatment with fingolimod was ¥656,055.95.The cumulative QALYs of teriflunomide was 5.14, and the cumulative QALYs of fingolimod was 5.25.The ICER value of Fingolimod and Liflunomide is ¥2139444.61/QALY, which is higher than WTP , so teriflunomide has a dominant advantage.Sensitivity analysis proves that the model was stable.Conclusion From the perspective of Chinese health system perspective, teriflunomide is the more cost-effective of the two interventions.
Effect of Space Flight on the Behavior of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial ARPE-19 Cells and Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 Treatment
Authors: Cialdai Francesca , Bolognini Davide , Vignali Leonardo , Iannotti Nicola , Cacchione Stefano , Magi Alberto , Balsamo Michele , Neri Gianluca , Donati Alessandro , Vukich Marco , Monici Monica , Capaccioli Sergio , Lulli Matteo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS) are exposed to the damaging effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. One of the most critical and sensitive districts of their organism is the eye, and in particular the retina, so that more than half of them develops a complex of alterations designated as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome. We explored the cellular and molecular effects induced on human retinal pigment ARPE-19 cell line by their transfer to and three days stay on board the ISS in the context of an experiment funded by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). Treatment of cells on board ISS with the well-known bioenergetic, antioxidant and antiapoptotic coenzyme Q10 was also evaluated. In the ground control experiment the cells were exposed to the same conditions as on the ISS, except for microgravity and radiation.
Transfer of ARPE-19 retinal cells to the ISS and their living on board for three days did not impact on cell viability or apoptosis but induced cytoskeleton remodeling consisting in vimentin redistribution from the cellular boundaries to the perinuclear area, underlining the collapse of the network of intermediate vimentin filaments under unloading conditions. Morphological changes endured by ARPE-19 cells grown on board the ISS were associated with changes in the transcriptomic profile related to cellular response to space environment, and were consistent with cell dysfunction adaptations. In addition, results obtained from ARPE-19 cells treated on board ISS with coenzyme Q10 showed its potential ability to increase cell resistance to damaging insults.
Activity Concentrations of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials And Dose Calculation of Soils And Rocks Materials From A Superphosphate Industry
Authors: Suleiman Arabi , Muhammad A. M. , Bajoga A. D. , Ali A. M. , Babale S. I. , Abdulhamid M. S. , Jaoji Attahiru A. , Kasidi Simon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Activity concentration of Naturally Occurring radioactive Materials in samples from superphosphate industry was determined using Neutron Activation Analysis and radiological parameters calculated. Mean Annual Effective-Dose Equivalent(mSv/y), External and Internal Hazard, Annual Gonad Dose Equivalent(mSv/y), Radium Equivalent (Bq/kg), Absorbed Gamma Ray Dose(nGy/h), Potential Toxic Elements, Activity Utilization, and Gamma Representation Index are 87.0, 0.4, 0.5, 517.7, 137.3, 70.9, 20101.3, 9388.9, and 1.1, respectively. Most of the sample had activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials exceeding world average, indicating that activities of the industry impact on the environment. These results are good baseline data for future follow-up on activities of company.
Salt Leaching As a Green Method for The Production of Polyethylene Foams for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Sorze Alessandro , Valentini Francesco , Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Materials able to store thermal energy can be a useful strategy in order to reduce energy consumption of buildings and to decrease greenhouse gases emissions. In this work, for the first time, the technique of salt leaching has been used for the production of novel polyethylene foams containing different amounts of a microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) with a melting point of 24 °C, to be potentially applied in building insulation. The microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced foams have been comprehensively investigated. The prepared foams were characterized by high values of open porosity (about 60 %) and by density values around 0.4 g/cm3. Differential scanning calorimetry tests revealed that the adopted production process caused a partial loss of PCM, resulting in an effective PCM content of around 33 % for the sample with the highest PCM loading (56 wt%). Infrared thermography analysis demonstrated that the time required from the samples to reach a set temperature, thanks to the presence of PCM, was up to two times higher with respect to the reference foam. Shore-A measurements evidenced that the addition of PCM generally led to a softening of the foams. Tensile mechanical tests confirmed the softening effect provided by the addition of the microcapsules, with a decrease of the stiffness and of the strength of the material. Interestingly, strain at break values were considerably increased upon PCM introduction.
Inhibition of The hERG Potassium Channel By The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollutant Phenanthrene
Authors: Al-Moubarak Ehab , Shiels Holly A. , Zhang Yihong , Du Chunyun , Hanington Oliver , Harmer Stephen C. , Dempsey Christopher E. , Hancox Jules 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene is relatively abundant in polluted air and water and can access and accumulate in human tissue. Phenanthrene has been reported to interact with cardiac ion channels in several fish species. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of phenanthrene to interact with hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) encoded K+ channels, which play a central role in human ventricular repolarization. Pharmacological inhibition of hERG can be proarrhythmic. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from HEK293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG channels. WT IhERG1a was inhibited by phenanthrene with an IC50 of 16.8 ± 1.7 µM, whilst IhERG1a/1b exhibited an IC50 of 1.8 ± 0.3 µM. WT IhERG block showed marked voltage and time-dependence, indicative of dependence of inhibition on channel gating. The inhibitory effect of phenanthrene was markedly impaired by the attenuated-inactivation N588K mutation. Remarkably, mutations of S6 domain aromatic amino acids (Y652, F656) in the canonical drug binding site did not impair the inhibitory action of phenanthrene; the Y652A mutation augmented IhERG block. In contrast, the F557L (S5) and M651A (S6) mutations impaired the ability of phenanthrene to inhibit IhERG, as did the S624A mutation below the selectivity filter region. Computational docking using a cryo-EM derived hERG structure supported the mutagenesis data. Thus, phenanthrene acts as an inhibitor of the hERG K+ channel by directly interacting with the channel, binding to a distinct site in the channel pore domain.
Microbial Study on NiO – CuO Nano Particles by Grinding Technique
Authors: Ramakrishnan S , Vaishnavi R. , Ramakrishnan S. , Revathi M. , Rajakarthihan S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the biggest concerns around the world seems to be the fight against bacteria and fungi. This major challenge can be overcome with the addition of a combination of metal and metal oxides. Metal oxide nanoparticles have emerged as effective antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents. In this work, A Grinding technique has been used to synthesize NiO – CuO nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis which confirmed the formation of all the phases, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis were showed the vibrational structure, optical and uniformity of particle size of the nanoparticles. Bacterial and fungal growth study was confirmed by the disc diffusion method. The prepared nanoparticles showed detrimental effects against Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus (bacterial strains), and Aspergillus Niger (fungal strains). A concentration-dependent growth inhibition effect of nanoparticles on both bacteria and fungi was observed. The prepared composites were better active in both bacteria and fungies.