bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and nutrition of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the southeastern United States
Authors: Molter Christine M. , Norton Terry M. , Hoopes Lisa A. , Nelson Steven E. , Kaylor Michelle , Hupp Amy , Thomas Rachel , Kemler Erika , Kass Philip H. , Arendt Michael D. , Koutsos Elizabeth A. , Page‐Karjian Annie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLoggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are opportunistic carnivores that feed primarily on benthic invertebrates and fish. Sea turtle rehabilitation requires provision of a species‐specific, balanced diet that supplies nutrition similar to that of a wild diet; this can be challenging because free‐ranging loggerheads’ diets vary depending on their life stage and geographic location, with predominant prey species dictated by local availability. The goal of this study was to better understand the nutritional needs of subadult and adult loggerheads in rehabilitation. This was accomplished by conducting a retrospective survey of stomach contents identified during gross necropsy of 153 deceased loggerheads that stranded in coastal Georgia, USA. A total of 288 different forage items were identified; the most frequently observed prey items belong to the subphylum Crustacea (N = 131), followed by bony fish (Osteichthyes; N = 45), gastropod mollusks (N = 40), bivalve mollusks (N = 23), and Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus; N = 15). The proportions of certain prey items differed significantly with turtle size; adult turtles ate proportionately more gastropods (p = 0.001), and subadults ate proportionately more fish (p = 0.01). Stomach contents information was used to determine common local prey items (blue crab, cannonball jellyfish, horseshoe crab, whelk), which were evaluated for nutritional content. Additionally, we compared hematology and plasma biochemistry profiles (including proteins, trace minerals, and vitamins) between four cohorts of loggerhead turtles, including free‐ranging subadults and adults, nesting females, and loggerheads undergoing rehabilitation. This information was applied to inform a regionally specific, formulated diet for tube feeding, and a supplement containing vitamins and minerals for captive loggerheads, to more closely approximate the nutritional content of their natural diet. Assessing the regional and temporal variability in loggerhead diets is an important component in their effective conservation because resultant data can be used to help understand the impacts of environmental perturbations on benthic food webs.
Registration‐free point cloud generation technique using rotating mirrors
Authors: Li Fangxin , Li Heng , Kim Min‐Koo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPoint cloud registration is generally required to combine multiple scans from various locations to generate a complete 3D reconstruction model. However, this registration process is error‐prone and time‐consuming. To deal with this problem, this study presents a novel registration‐free point cloud generation method for the 3D reconstruction of small‐scale components and interior rooms, using rotating flat mirrors. First, a geometrical model is developed to define the relationship between the laser scanner, mirrors, and target structure. Second, the optimal positions of the laser scanner and mirrors, as well as the optimal mirror sizes, are determined from the developed geometrical model. To validate the proposed technique, simulation tests and experimental validations are conducted on a precast concrete slab and an interior room. The validation results show that the proposed technique facilitates efficient and accurate registration‐free 3D point cloud generation without changing the laser scanner location, demonstrating its potential in the construction industry.
What elements in the physician‐patient relationship (PPR) contribute to patient satisfaction: Development of a short form PPRS‐Patient Version (PPRS‐Patient SF) Questionnaire
Authors: Drossman Douglas A. , Palsson Olafur , Stein Ellen , Ruddy Johannah , Lennon Anne Marie O'Broin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPast research suggests that patient‐provider relationships play a crucial role in patient satisfaction with their medical care. However, the essential relationship elements responsible for this effect have not been elucidated and were examined in this study.MethodsPatients in six gastroenterology clinics at a major medical center completed an anonymous, secure Internet survey about their medical care after a clinic visit. The survey included the validated Satisfaction With Care Scale‐37 (SAT‐37) and Patient‐Physician Relationship Scale (PPRS). Correlations between those scales were calculated, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by regression analysis was used to create a PPRS Short Form (PPRS‐SF) specifically to account for satisfaction with care.Key results173 patients (114 females and 59 males; mean age 49.2 years) completed the survey. A range of specific patient‐doctor relationship aspects on the PPRS substantially influenced the patients' satisfaction scores. These are grouped into five EFA‐derived patient perception factors about their physicians: Competence, Connection, Professionalism, Considerateness, and Willingness/ability to make needed outside referrals. A brief 12‐item PPRS‐SF questionnaire was constructed that explained 63% of the variance in patients' satisfaction with their care. In contrast, the patients' clinical and demographic characteristics had little explanatory value regarding their satisfaction.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings strongly support the notion that the patient‐physician relationship's quality is the principal driver of gastroenterology patients' satisfaction with their care. The new PPRS‐SF is a convenient tool for clinicians and healthcare systems to assess the essential relationship factors that ensure satisfied patients.
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Bredenoord Albert J. , Babaei Arash , Carlson Dustin , Omari Taher , Akiyama Jun , Yadlapati Rena , Pandolfino John E. , Richter Joel , Fass Ronnie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CCv4), esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is manometrically defined as an elevated median integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) and elevated intrabolus pressure (IBP) during supine wet swallows, and persistently elevated median IRP in the upright position. A clinically relevant conclusive diagnosis of EGJOO requires a manometric diagnosis of EGJOO and associated symptoms such as dysphagia and/or chest pain with at least one of the following supportive investigations (pharmacologic provocation, timed barium esophagogram, and/or endoflip). The Chicago Classification is intended for diagnosis of primary esophageal motor disorders, and thus history and endoscopic evaluation are important to exclude conditions (eg, previous surgery, strictures, or masses) that can secondarily generate the EGJOO pattern on HRM. While a manometric finding of EGJOO is often made and can be an early sign of achalasia, more often it is a manometric finding without clinical implications. The proposed changes in CC4.0 have attempted to make the diagnosis more specific, in order to reduce the number of clinically irrelevant diagnoses and avoid confusion by patients and physicians alike.
To blow the whistle in Brazil: The impact of gender and public service motivation
Authors: Tavares Gustavo M. , Lima Fabiana V. , Michener Gregory 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven weak protections for whistleblowers in Brazil – a country with over one million federal civil servants and a well‐known history of corruption scandals – how common is whistleblowing? This study presents results from a survey completed by 652 federal civil servants in Brazil. Examining the incidence of wrongdoing, whistleblowing, and retaliation, as well as the role of gender and public service motivation (PSM), we find that women tend to report wrongdoing less often than men, are less willing to engage in subsequent acts of whistleblowing, and experience more retaliation. Similar to previous studies, PSM is positively related to whistleblowing and retaliation diminishes intentions to engage in subsequent whistleblowing. Unlike previous studies, we find that PSM is more predictive of whistleblowing for women than for men. In contributing new findings to research on whistleblowing in lower to middle‐income democracies, this paper contains important policy implications, particularly on the critical question of gender.
Refugees and Covid‐19: Beyond Health Risks to Insecurity
Authors: Bohnet Heidrun , Rüegger Seraina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic severely threatens refugees: Most refugees live in developing countries with poor health care systems, the lockdowns left many refugees without income, border closures prevented forced migrants from their right to seek asylum and anti‐refugee sentiment as well as insecurity in refugee settlements increased. Building on past refugee research and reports on refugee‐related challenges during the Covid‐19 crisis, we explain how bad sanitation, inadequate accommodation, additional restrictions of movement and employment and language barriers increase grievances among refugees and tensions between refugees and host populations. Particularly in large and overcrowded settlements these issues can lead to violent conflict, as we demonstrate with a case study of the Moria refugee camp in Greece. Yet, the impact of Covid‐19 on refugees generally lacks politicization, and many governments are reluctant or unable to provide adequate housing and sanitation to refugees. We present policy recommendations for improving refugee protection amidst Covid‐19, including not only the prevention of further spread of the virus but also that of insecurity.
Reallocation model in land consolidation using multi‐objective particle swarm optimization dealing with landowners' rights
Authors: Bijandi Mehrdad , Karimi Mohammad , Farhadi Bansouleh Bahman , van der Knaap Wim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn conventional reallocation, farmers' preferences are used to determine the location of their new parcels in predetermined blocks. The most common conflict that can arise during this process is that demand may be high for some blocks. The manner of resolving such disputes, which deal directly with landowners' rights, can affect the success or failure of land consolidation projects. In this study, a novel model for land reallocation is proposed which is based on the principle that the initial situation of the landowner's parcels before land consolidation will be comparable with the new situation that includes all of his/her rights. For this, a spatial similarity‐based approach was proposed, taking into account geometric, ownership, physical, and locational criteria. Then, the agricultural land reallocation model (LR‐MOPSO) was developed using the multi‐objective particle swarm algorithm. Three objectives were defined: (1) simultaneous consideration of farmers' priority and spatial similarity criteria; (2) pooling of farmers' fragmented parcels; and (3) optimal placement of parcels within the block. The LR‐MOPSO model was applied to an Iranian case study and results were compared with a conventional approach. With this model decision‐makers in land consolidation projects will be able to redistribute parcels in a more transparent way, while dealing with landowners' rights.
Velocity and Acceleration Analysis of Plane and Space Mechanisms by Means of Independent-Position Equations
Authors: Raven Francis H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a generalized analytical method for the determination of velocities and accelerations in mechanisms having motion in either two or three dimensions. In this method of analysis, one first obtains independent-position equations for a particular point or for a particular link. The first derivative with respect to time of these position equations yields equations for obtaining the velocity of the point or the angular velocity of the link of interest; and the second derivative with respect to time furnishes new equations from which the desired accelerations may be found. Position vectors are expressed as complex numbers in exponential form because of the ease with which they may be differentiated, and also because numerical results are readily obtainable from the real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers.
On the Dynamical Behavior of Rotating Shafts Driven by Universal (Hooke) Couplings
Authors: Rosenberg R. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The system considered here is a massless, uniform elastic shaft carrying at its mid-point a disk (having mass) and supported at the ends by universal (Hooke) joints. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of Hooke-joint angularity (as obtained by design, or from faulty alignment) on the bending stability of the rotating shaft. It is found that separate investigations are required for shafts not transmitting axial torques and for those required to transmit torques. Each gives rise to instabilities which are absent when the Hooke joint is straight. In the absence of axial torques, the shaft develops unsuspected mild critical speeds at odd integer submultiples of the “familiar” critical speed found with a straight Hooke joint. When the shaft is required to transmit moderate axial torques, the joint angularity produces true instabilities near all integer submultiples of the familiar critical speed. Surprisingly, these instabilities vanish for sufficiently large axial torques.
Axial-Temperature-Gradient Bending Stresses in Tubes
Authors: Hammitt F. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A study is conducted of the bending stresses induced in a thin-walled tube adjacent to a joint between the tube and a heavier section by an axial temperature gradient imposed across the assembly. A solution is shown utilizing basic relations taken from the existing literature for a tube of uniform wall thickness attached at either end to a flange of infinite stiffness. Both long and short tubes are considered. The possibility of substantial reductions of stress through the use of a tapered wall thickness is discussed. Approximate methods are developed for the calculation of stress and wall thickness under conditions in which the wall thickness is varied in each instance to give (a) constant radius of curvature (or arbitrary radii of curvature), (b) constant stress, and (c) arbitrary stress distribution.
Stress-Strain Relations for a Simple Model of a Granular Medium
Authors: Deresiewicz H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A granular assemblage is represented by a model consisting of like spheres in contact arranged in a simple cubic lattice. Based on consideration of local contact forces and concomitant deformations, incremental stress-strain relations are derived and subsequently integrated, for certain types of loading, to yield total stress-strain relations. The integration is carried out for both a loading and an unloading process. A criterion of failure for the model is set up and the theory applied to a regimen of loading which gives rise to a plane state of stress.
On Plane Stress Solution of an Elastic, Perfectly Plastic Wedge
Authors: Naghdi P. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the use of Tresca’s yield function and its associated flow laws, the complete solution is obtained for an isotropic elastic, perfectly plastic wedge (with an included angle β &lt; π/2) subjected to a uniform traction in the state of plane stress. Unlike its corresponding plane strain solution, the state of stress in a portion of the plastic domain of the wedge is at a corner of Tresca’s yield hexagon where, in general, the normal to the yield surface is not defined uniquely.
A Refined Theory of Elastic, Orthotropic Plates
Authors: Medwadowski S. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A refined theory of elastic, orthotropic plates is presented. The theory includes the effect of transverse shear deformation and normal stress and may be considered a generalization of the classical theory of von Karman modified by the refinements of the Levy-Reissner-Mindlin theories. A nonlinear system of equations is derived directly from the corresponding equations of the three-dimensional theory of elasticity in which body-force terms have been retained. Next, the system of equations is linearized and reduced to a single sixth-order partial differential equation in a stress function. A Levy-type solution of this equation is discussed.
The Stresses in a Thick Cylinder Having a Square Hole Under Concentrated Loading
Authors: Seika Masaichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper contains a solution for the stress distribution in a thick cylinder having a square hole with rounded corners under the condition of concentrated loading. The problem is investigated by the complex-variable method, associated with the name of N. I. Muskhelishvili. The unknown coefficients included in the solution are determined by the method of perturbation. Numerical examples of the solution are worked out and compared with the results available.
Characterisation of retained energised fragments from explosive devices in military personnel
Authors: Breeze John , Steel C J , Streit A , Sarber K M 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCharacterising the shapes, dimensions and overall numbers of fragments produced by explosive devices is important for determining methods of potential mitigation, such as personal armour. The aim of this investigation was to compare the mass of excised fragments with that predicted from CT to ascertain the validity of using such an approach to measure retained fragments for multiple body areas using CT alone.Method27 retained fragments excised from consecutive patients treated at a US Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility in Afghanistan were examined. Each fragment was measured in three dimensions and the mass was obtained to estimate the density and thereby probable composition. These same excised fragments were identified radiologically and their predicted masses calculated and compared with the known masses with a paired t-test. The total numbers of retained fragments in each of four body areas for 20 casualties were determined radiographically and the mass of the largest fragment in each body region estimated.ResultsExcised fragments were most commonly metallic (17/27, 63%), with masses ranging from 0.008 to 37.6 g. Mean mass predicted from CT was significantly different from than that measured (p=0.133), with CT underestimating true mass by 5%–17%. 889/958 (93%) retained fragments appeared metallic on imaging, with the most commonly affected body areas being the torso and upper extremity (45% of casualties).ConclusionsPredicting the mass of metallic fragments from CT was possible with an error margin of up to 5%, but was less accurate for non-metallic fragments such as stone. Only 3% of fragments were removed through debridement or purposeful excision; these were not just the largest or most superficial. This suggests that future retrospective analysis of the dimensions and predicted masses of retained fragments in larger casualty cohorts of service personnel is potentially feasible within a small margin of error.
Comparing the medical coverage provided by four contemporary military combat helmets against penetrating traumatic brain injury
Authors: Breeze John , Fryer R N , Russell J 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionModern military combat helmets vary in their shapes and features, but all are designed to protect the head from traumatic brain injury. Recent recommendations for protection against energised projectiles that are characteristic of secondary blast injury is to ensure coverage of both the brain and brainstem.MethodGraphical representations of essential coverage of the head (cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brainstem) within an anthropometrically sized model were superimposed over two standard coverage helmets (VIRTUS helmet, Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH)) and two ‘high-cut’ helmets (a Dismounted Combat Helmet (DCH)) and Combat Vehicle Crewman (CVC) helmet), both of which are designed to be worn with communications devices. Objective shotline coverage from representative directions of projectile travel (−30 to +30 degrees) was determined using the Coverage of Armour Tool (COAT).ResultsVIRTUS and ACH demonstrated similar overall coverage (68.7% and 69.5%, respectively), reflecting their similar shell shapes. ACH has improved coverage from below compared with VIRTUS (23.3% vs 21.7%) due to its decreased standoff from the scalp. The ‘high-cut’ helmets (DCH and CVC) had reduced overall coverage (57.9% and 52.1%), which was most pronounced from the side.ConclusionsBoth the VIRTUS and ACH helmets provide excellent overall coverage of the brain and brainstem against ballistic threats. Coverage of both would be improved at the rear by using a nape protector and the front using a visor. This is demonstrated with the analysis of the addition of the nape protector in the VIRTUS system. High-cut helmets provide significantly reduced coverage from the side of the head, as the communication devices they are worn with are not designed to provide protection from ballistic threats. Unless absolutely necessary, it is therefore recommended that high-cut helmets be worn only by those users with defined specific requirements, or where the risk of injury from secondary blast is low.
Correlation between CSF and blood neurofilament light chain protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alagaratnam Jasmini , von Widekind Sophia , De Francesco Davide , Underwood Jonathan , Edison Paul , Winston Alan , Zetterberg Henrik , Fidler Sarah 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the overall pooled correlation coefficient estimate between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood neurofilament light (NfL) protein.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for published articles, from their inception to 9 July 2019, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Studies reporting the correlation between CSF and blood NfL in humans were included. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the overall pooled correlation coefficient estimate, accounting for correlation technique and assay used. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic test. In sensitivity analyses, we calculated the pooled correlation coefficient estimate according to blood NfL assay: single-molecule array digital immunoassay (Simoa), electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay or ELISA.ResultsData were extracted from 36 articles, including 3961 paired CSF and blood NfL samples. Overall, 26/36 studies measured blood NfL using Simoa, 8/36 ECL, 1/36 ELISA and 1 study reported all three assay results. The overall meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled correlation coefficient estimate for CSF and blood NfL was r=0.72. Heterogeneity was significant: I2=83%, p<0.01. In sensitivity analyses, the pooled correlation coefficient was similar for studies measuring blood NfL using Simoa and ECL (r=0.69 and r=0.68, respectively) but weaker for ELISA (r=0.35).ConclusionModerate correlations are demonstrated between CSF and blood NfL, especially when blood NfL was measured using Simoa and ECL. Given its high analytical sensitivity, Simoa is the preferred assay for measuring NfL, especially at low or physiological concentrations, and this meta-analysis supports its use as the current most advanced surrogate measure of CSF NfL.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019140469