bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the ATR-CHK1 pathway in the response of doxorubicin-induced DNA damages in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà Andrea , Ghetti Martina , Ledda Lorenzo , Ferrari Anna , Bocconcelli Matteo , Padella Antonella , Napolitano Roberta , Fontana Maria Chiara , Liverani Chiara , Imbrogno Enrica , Bochicchio Maria Teresa , Paganelli Matteo , Robustelli Valentina , Sanogo Seydou , Cerchione Claudio , Fumagalli Monica , Rondoni Michela , Imovilli Annalisa , Musuraca Gerardo , Martinelli Giovanni , Simonetti Giorgia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most commonly used anthracyclines for the treatment of solid and hematological tumors such as B−/T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Dox compromises topoisomerase II enzyme functionality, thus inducing structural damages during DNA replication and causes direct damages intercalating into DNA double helix. Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damages by activating the ATM-CHK2 and/or ATR-CHK1 pathway, whose function is to regulate cell cycle progression, to promote damage repair, and to control apoptosis. We evaluated the efficacy of a new drug schedule combining Dox and specific ATR (VE-821) or CHK1 (prexasertib, PX) inhibitors in the treatment of human B−/T cell precursor ALL cell lines and primary ALL leukemic cells. We found that ALL cell lines respond to Dox activating the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Exposure of Dox-pretreated ALL cell lines to VE-821 or PX enhanced Dox cytotoxic effect. This phenomenon was associated with the abrogation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint with changes in the expression pCDK1 and cyclin B1, and cell entry in mitosis, followed by the induction of apoptosis. Indeed, the inhibition of the G2/M checkpoint led to a significant increment of normal and aberrant mitotic cells, including those showing tripolar spindles, metaphases with lagging chromosomes, and massive chromosomes fragmentation. In conclusion, we found that the ATR-CHK1 pathway is involved in the response to Dox-induced DNA damages and we demonstrated that our new in vitro drug schedule that combines Dox followed by ATR/CHK1 inhibitors can increase Dox cytotoxicity against ALL cells, while using lower drug doses.
Graphical abstract
• Doxorubicin activates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells.
• ALL cells respond to doxorubicin-induced DNA damages by activating the ATR-CHK1 pathway.
• The inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway synergizes with doxorubicin in the induction of cytotoxicity in ALL cells.
• The inhibition of ATR-CHK1 pathway induces aberrant chromosome segregation and mitotic spindle defects in doxorubicin-pretreated ALL cells.
University students’ behavioral intention and gender differences toward the acceptance of shifting regular field training courses to e-training courses
Authors: Alghamdi Abdullah M. , Alsuhaymi Dhaifallah S. , Alghamdi Fahad A. , Farhan Ahmed Mohamed , Shehata Saleh M. , Sakoury Mona Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 lockdown, all the courses at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) were delivered fully online, including field-training courses. Since there was no previous experience in offering field-training courses in a distance format, the current study aims to identify factors that could impact students’ behavioral intention to accept the e-training approach in teaching field training courses at IAU. In order to gather the data, the researchers designed a questionnaire based on the UTAUT model and they ensured the face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaire by sending it to five experts in the relevant field and by using exploratory factor analysis. Also, all the questionnaire’s items were reliable since the Cronbach’s alpha values were above 0.77 for all the items. A total of 397 participants provided valid responses. The result of this study indicated that Effort Expectancy (EE), Facilitating Condition (FC), Performance Expectancy (PE), and Social Influence (SI), respectively were the primary predictors for students’ intention to use e-training. These factors explained 32.1% of the variance in students’ behavioral intentions. As far as students’ gender is concerned, there were significant differences between students’ PE, FC, and SI. Based on these results, policymakers at IAU will have a clear image of the most essential factors that colleges should target to increase students’ acceptance of e-training.
Preventing Environmental Disasters in Investment under Uncertainty
Authors: Kort Peter , Lavrutich Maria , Nunes Cláudia , Oliveira Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper considers a firm that has the option to invest in a project with an unknown profitability, which is affected by general market uncertainty. The project has the adverse effect that it can cause environmental damage. In case the firm has the option to undertake preventive investment at the time of market entry, we get that preventive investment is significant when (i) the project revenue is large, (ii) the environmental incidents potentially cause a huge reduction of firm value, and (iii) when preventive investment substantially decreases the probability of environmental damage occurrence. The optimality of such a preventive investment results in a significant delay of the project investment. When the firm has the possibility to invest in the project first and do the preventive investment later, this will accelerate the project investment and will result in a larger preventive investment when it indeed will decide to do that one later.
Investor asset valuation under a wealth tax and a capital income tax
Authors: Bjerksund Petter , Schjelderup Guttorm 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study how a capital income tax and a wealth tax affect an investor's valuation of a company's stock in an efficient international capital market. Using a one-period model, a model of infinite horizon where the asset generates a future cash flow that is a martingale, and a finite horizon model where we abandon the martingale assumption, we find that a wealth tax and/or a capital income tax do not lead investors to value an investment differently from untaxed investors. Investors who seek a higher pre-tax rate of return due to capital taxes harm their own wealth.
Epistemic austerity: limits to entitlement
Authors: Ohlhorst Jakob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpistemic entitlement is a species of internalist warrant that can be had without any evidential support. Unfortunately, for this kind of warrant the so-called problem of demarcation arises, a form of epistemic relativism. I first present entitlement theory and examine what the problem of demarcation is exactly, rejecting that it is either based on bizarreness or disagreement in favour of the thesis that the problem of demarcation is based on epistemic arbitrariness. Second, I argue that arbitrariness generates a problem for entitlement because it undermines epistemic warrant. Third, I draw out some of the consequences that arbitrariness has for an entitlement epistemology, notably that it threatens to generalise to all our beliefs. Finally, I examine how different solutions to the problem of demarcation fare with respect to the danger of arbitrariness. I argue that none of the considered options succeeds in dealing with the risks of arbitrariness.
On the Importance of Considering Multinuclear Metal Sites in Homogeneous Catalysis Modeling
Authors: Matsuzawa Akinobu , Harvey Jeremy N. , Himo Fahmi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this short review, we provide an account of a number of computational studies of catalytic reaction mechanisms carried out in our groups. We focus in particular on studies in which we came to realize during the course of the investigation that the active catalytic species was a bimetallic complex, rather a monometallic one as previously assumed. In some cases, this realization was in part prompted by experimental observations, but careful exploration based on computation of the speciation of the metal precursor also provided a powerful guide: it is often possible to predict that bimetallic species (intermediates or transition states) lie lower in free energy than a priori competitive monometallic species. In this sense, we argue that in organometallic catalysis, the rule whereby “two is better than one” turns out to be relevant much more often than one might expect.
The Fishyscapes Benchmark: Measuring Blind Spots in Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Blum Hermann , Sarlin Paul-Edouard , Nieto Juan , Siegwart Roland , Cadena Cesar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep learning has enabled impressive progress in the accuracy of semantic segmentation. Yet, the ability to estimate uncertainty and detect failure is key for safety-critical applications like autonomous driving. Existing uncertainty estimates have mostly been evaluated on simple tasks, and it is unclear whether these methods generalize to more complex scenarios. We present Fishyscapes, the first public benchmark for anomaly detection in a real-world task of semantic segmentation for urban driving. It evaluates pixel-wise uncertainty estimates towards the detection of anomalous objects. We adapt state-of-the-art methods to recent semantic segmentation models and compare uncertainty estimation approaches based on softmax confidence, Bayesian learning, density estimation, image resynthesis, as well as supervised anomaly detection methods. Our results show that anomaly detection is far from solved even for ordinary situations, while our benchmark allows measuring advancements beyond the state-of-the-art. Results, data and submission information can be found athttps://fishyscapes.com/.
Luminal enhancement in intracranial aneurysms: fact or feature?—A quantitative multimodal flow analysis
Authors: Gaidzik Franziska , Pravdivtseva Mariya , Larsen Naomi , Jansen Olav , Hövener Jan-Bernd , Berg Philipp 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) wall enhancement on post-contrast vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) is assumed to be a biomarker for vessel wall inflammation and aneurysm instability. However, the exact factors contributing to enhancement are not yet clarified. This study investigates the relationship between luminal enhancement and intra-aneurysmal flow behaviour to assess the suitability of VW-MRI as a surrogate method for determining quantitative and qualitative flow behaviour in the aneurysm sac.

Methods
VW-MRI signal is measured in the lumen of three patient-specific IA flow models and compared with the intra-aneurysmal flow fields obtained using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The IA flow models were supplied with two different time-varying flow regimes.

Results
Overall, the velocity fields acquired using PC-MRI or CFD were in good agreement with the VW-MRI enhancement patterns. Generally, the regions with slow-flowing blood show higher VW-MRI signal intensities, whereas high flow leads to a suppression of the signal. For all aneurysm models, a signal value above three was associated with velocity values below three cm/s.

Conclusion
Regions with lower enhancements have been correlated with the slow and high flow at the same time. Thus, further factors like flow complexity and stability can contribute to flow suppression in addition to the flow magnitude. Nevertheless, VW-MRI can qualitatively assess intra-aneurysmal flow phenomena and estimate the velocity range present in the corresponding region.
An exact lexicographic approach for the maximally risk-disjoint/minimal cost path pair problem in telecommunication networks
Authors: Pascoal Marta , Craveirinha José , Clímaco João 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper addresses the lexicographically maximal risk-disjoint/minimal cost path pair problem that aims at finding a pair of paths between two given nodes, which is the shortest (in terms of cost) among those that have the fewest risks in common. This problem is of particular importance in telecommunication network design, namely concerning resilient routing models where both a primary and a backup path have to be calculated to minimize the risk of failure of a connection between origin and terminal nodes, in case of failure along the primary path and where bandwidth routing costs should also be minimized. An exact combinatorial algorithm is proposed for solving this problem which combines a path ranking method and a path labelling algorithm. Also an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is shown for comparison purposes. After a theoretical justification of the algorithm foundations, this is described and tested, together with the ILP procedure, for a set of reference networks in telecommunications, considering randomly generated risks, associated with Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) and arc costs. Both methods were capable of solving the problem instances in relatively short times and, in general, the proposed algorithm was clearly faster than the ILP formulation excepting for the networks with the greatest dimension and connectivity.
Mechanics of side-slipping in alpine skiing. Braking and skidded traversing
Authors: Komissarov Serguei S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA recently proposed simple approximate theory of snow machining is applied to modelling of several basic manoeuvres of alpine skiing: fall-line side-slipping, traversing, and hockey stop. The results agree with the skiing practice and explain the abnormally high friction reported in previous field studies. They also prepare foundation for future rigorous testing of the theory, which will determine its accuracy and limits of applicability.
Beyond the Limitations of Binary Thinking: Mindfulness and the Tetralemma
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVarious dimensions of the cultivation of mindfulness in its early Buddhist historical setting can be better appreciated in the light of their doctrinal background. One aspect of this doctrinal background is the ancient Indian tetralemma, which differs from the Aristotelian logic that has informed much of Western thought. The tetralemma proposes that, in addition to affirmation and denial, at times a particular situation may be more appropriately captured by a combination of both (partly yes and partly no). Or else, another situation may call for neither affirmation nor negation. Although at first sight the resultant fourfold perspective can appear puzzling, closer inspection shows this model of thought to have a considerable potential for countering mental rigidity and enabling the transcendence of binary thought patterns, thereby being perhaps relevant to research on the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive flexibility.
Modeling Forest Tree Data Using Sequential Spatial Point Processes
Authors: Yazigi Adil , Penttinen Antti , Ylitalo Anna-Kaisa , Maltamo Matti , Packalen Petteri , Mehtätalo Lauri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spatial structure of a forest stand is typically modeled by spatial point process models. Motivated by aerial forest inventories and forest dynamics in general, we propose a sequential spatial approach for modeling forest data. Such an approach is better justified than a static point process model in describing the long-term dependence among the spatial location of trees in a forest and the locations of detected trees in aerial forest inventories. Tree size can be used as a surrogate for the unknown tree age when determining the order in which trees have emerged or are observed on an aerial image. Sequential spatial point processes differ from spatial point processes in that the realizations are ordered sequences of spatial locations, thus allowing us to approximate the spatial dynamics of the phenomena under study. This feature is useful in interpreting the long-term dependence and spatial history of the locations of trees. For the application, we use a forest data set collected from the Kiihtelysvaara forest region in Eastern Finland.
Manifestazioni non classiche dell’iperparatiroidismo primario: nuove evidenze?
Authors: Sonato Chiara , Colangelo Luciano , Occhiuto Marco , Cecchetti Veronica , Santori Rachele , Pepe Jessica , Cipriani Cristiana , Minisola Salvatore 
Published: September 2021

SommarioLe manifestazioni cliniche non classiche dell’iperparatiroidismo primario, quali quelle cardiovascolari, gastrointestinali, neuromuscolari e articolari, disturbi neuropsicologici e decadimento cognitivo, alterazione dell’ematopoiesi e un aumentato rischio oncologico, a differenza di quelle a carico dello scheletro e del rene, non vengono ad oggi indagate in maniera sistematica nello studio del paziente con tale patologia; mancano inoltre dati univoci sulla loro epidemiologia, sulle caratteristiche cliniche, sulle conseguenze sulla qualità di vita e sulle possibili modificazioni dopo intervento di paratiroidectomia. In questa rassegna verranno trattate le recenti evidenze presenti in letteratura riguardo la presenza di complicanze definite non classiche.
Reversible Magnesium Metal Anode Enabled by Cooperative Solvation/Surface Engineering in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Huang Yao , Lu Yunhao , Pan Hongge , Xu Ben Bin , Sun Wenping , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnesium metal anode holds great potentials toward future high energy and safe rechargeable magnesium battery technology due to its divalent redox and dendrite-free nature. Electrolytes based on Lewis acid chemistry enable the reversible Mg plating/stripping, while they fail to match most cathode materials toward high-voltage magnesium batteries. Herein, reversible Mg plating/stripping is achieved in conventional carbonate electrolytes enabled by the cooperative solvation/surface engineering. Strongly electronegative Cl from the MgCl2 additive of electrolyte impairs the Mg…O = C interaction to reduce the Mg2+ desolvation barrier for accelerated redox kinetics, while the Mg2+-conducting polymer coating on the Mg surface ensures the facile Mg2+ migration and the effective isolation of electrolytes. As a result, reversible plating and stripping of Mg is demonstrated with a low overpotential of 0.7 V up to 2000 cycles. Moreover, benefitting from the wide electrochemical window of carbonate electrolytes, high-voltage (> 2.0 V) rechargeable magnesium batteries are achieved through assembling the electrode couple of Mg metal anode and Prussian blue-based cathodes. The present work provides a cooperative engineering strategy to promote the application of magnesium anode in carbonate electrolytes toward high energy rechargeable batteries.
Use of a Move-on Component to Increase Consumption for a Clinical Paediatric Feeding Case In-Home
Authors: Taylor Tessa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch from specialised hospital feeding programmes in the United States has shown effectiveness of a variety of treatments for packing (not swallowing food or liquid in the mouth) to increase swallowing and consumption. One potential component used in clinical practice has not been evaluated in the literature to our knowledge. This component is move-on and involves moving on to the next bite presentation rather than waiting for swallowing (i.e., clean mouth). A 5-year-old female with autism spectrum disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder participated in a home setting in Australia. We used a withdrawal/reversal single-case experimental design for a move-on component added to a treatment package. With move-on added, latency to clean mouth decreased and consumption increased to 100%. After the treatment evaluation, additional procedures (interspersal, redistribution) were needed in full plate and portion meals. Food variety was increased to 116 regular texture foods across all food groups. All (100%) of admission goals were met. Parents were trained to high procedural integrity, and the protocol was generalised to the community. Gains maintained to 1-month follow-up.
Extensions of homomorphisms between localities
Authors: Henke Ellen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We show that the automorphism group of a linking system associated to a saturated fusion system

$\mathcal {F}$

depends only on

$\mathcal {F}$

as long as the object set of the linking system is

$\mathrm {Aut}(\mathcal {F})$

-invariant. This was known to be true for linking systems in Oliver’s definition, but we demonstrate that the result holds also for linking systems in the considerably more general definition introduced previously by the author of this article. A similar result is proved for linking localities, which are group-like structures corresponding to linking systems. Our argument builds on a general lemma about the existence of an extension of a homomorphism between localities. This lemma is also used to reprove a theorem of Chermak showing that there is a natural bijection between the sets of partial normal subgroups of two possibly different linking localities over the same fusion system.
EPA and DHA confer protection against deoxynivalenol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron imbalance in IPEC-1 cells
Authors: Lin Jia , Huang Feifei , Liang Tianzeng , Qin Qin , Xu Qiao , Huang Xingfa , Zhang Jing , Xiao Kan , Zhu Huiling , Zhao Jiangchao , Liu Yulan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the molecular mechanism of EPA or DHA protection against intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cell damage induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). The cells were divided into six groups, including the CON group, the EPA group, the DHA group, the DON group, the EPA + DON group and the DHA + DON group. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the potential mechanism, and qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of selected genes. Changes in ultrastructure were used to estimate pathological changes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) injury in IPEC-1 cells. Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was tested by ELISA. Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were estimated by spectrophotometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed by fluorospectrophotometry. RNA sequencing analysis showed that EPA and DHA had a significant effect on the expression of genes involved in ER stress and iron balance during DON-induced cell injury. The results showed that DON increased ER damage, the content of MDA and ROS, the ratio of X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s)/X-box binding protein 1u (XBP-1u), the concentration of Fe2+ and the activity of TFR1. However, the results also showed that EPA and DHA decreased the ratio of XBP-1s/XBP-1u to relieve DON-induced ER damage of IPEC-1 cells. Moreover, EPA and DHA (especially DHA) reversed the factors related to iron balance. It can be concluded that EPA and DHA reversed IPEC-1 cell damage induced by DON. DHA has the potential to protect IPEC-1 cells from DON-induced iron imbalance by inhibiting ER stress.
A new, remarkably preserved, enantiornithine bird from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan (central China) and convergent evolution between enantiornithines and modern birds
Authors: Xu Li , Buffetaut Eric , O’Connor Jingmai , Zhang Xingliao , Jia Songhai , Zhang Jiming , Chang Huali , Tong Haiyan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new enantiornithine bird is described on the basis of a well preserved partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan Province (central China). It provides new evidence about the osteology of Late Cretaceous enantiornithines, which are mainly known from isolated bones; in contrast, Early Cretaceous forms are often represented by complete skeletons. While the postcranial skeleton shows the usual distinctive characters of enantiornithines, the skull displays several features, including confluence of the antorbital fenestra and the orbit and loss of the postorbital, evolved convergently with modern birds. Although some enantiornithines retained primitive cranial morphologies into the latest Cretaceous Period, at least one lineage evolved cranial modifications that parallel those in modern birds.