bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial community dynamics in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting identified through next-generation sequencing
Authors: Biyada Saloua , Merzouki Mohammed , Dėmčėnko Taisija , Vasiliauskienė Dovilė , Ivanec-Goranina Rūta , Urbonavičius Jaunius , Marčiulaitienė Eglė , Vasarevičius Saulius , Benlemlih Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComposting is a promising source of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms directly involved in the decay of organic matter. However, there is a paucity of information related to bacterial and fungal diversity in compost and their enzymatic activities during the composting process. In this work, bacterial and fungal diversity during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting was investigated as a way to explain the physical–chemical results obtained during the composting process. This was accomplished using a next-generation sequencing approach that targets either the 16S rRNA or ITS genomic regions of bacteria and fungi, respectively. It was observed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla present at the mesophilic phase but not at the thermophilic one. Composting textile waste exhibits a sustained thermophilic profile (above 55 °C) that usually precludes fungal activity. Nonetheless, the presence of fungi at the thermophilic phase was observed. Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the most dominant phyla during both composting phases. Such thermophilic fungi with great ability to decay organic matter could be isolated as pure cultures and used for the bioaugmentation of textile waste composting to achieve an advanced maturity level of textile waste compost.
Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for rock mass quality evaluation
Authors: Hasan Muhammad , Shang Yanjun , Meng He , Shao Peng , Yi Xuetao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRock mass quality evaluation is a challenging task in geotechnical investigations given the natural heterogeneity and the limited data. These investigations mainly depend on the traditional drilling tests. However, such tests are expensive and time consuming, provide point measurements, and cannot be conducted in steep topographic areas, and thus cause uncertainties in the geological model. Conversely, geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) are non-invasive, user-friendly, and fast. In this work, we establish empirical correlation between ERT and limited drilling data to obtain rock mass integrity coefficient (Kv). The estimated Kv provides 2D/3D imaging of the rock mass quality evaluation via weathered/unweathered rock and faults detection in order to cover the entire area even where no drilling test exists. Compared with the past geotechnical investigations, our work reduce the ambiguities caused by the inadequate well tests and provide more accurate geological model for infrastructures design. Our work proposes that, in case of sparse borehole data, the established empirical equations can be used to determine Kv along different geophysical profiles via 2D/3D insight of the subsurface. Our approach is applicable in any hard rock setting, and the established correlations can be used in areas even where no well test exists.
Erythrocytes increase endogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate levels as an adaptive response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Winkler Martin Sebastian , Claus Ralf Alexander , Schilder Mareike , Pöhlmann Stefan , Coldewey Sina M. , Grundmann Julian , Fricke Torben , Moerer Onnen , Meissner Konrad , Bauer Michael , Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Gräler Markus H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Low plasma levels of the signaling lipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are associated with disrupted endothelial cell (EC) barriers, lymphopenia and reduced responsivity to hypoxia. Total S1P levels were also reduced in 23 critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the two main S1P carriers, serum albumin (SA) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were dramatically low. Surprisingly, we observed a carrier-changing shift from SA to HDL, which probably prevented an even further drop in S1P levels. Furthermore, intracellular S1P levels in red blood cells (RBCs) were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls due to up-regulation of S1P producing sphingosine kinase 1 and down-regulation of S1P degrading lyase expression. Cell culture experiments supported increased sphingosine kinase activity and unchanged S1P release from RBC stores of COVID-19 patients. These observations suggest adaptive mechanisms for maintenance of the vasculature and immunity as well as prevention of tissue hypoxia in COVID-19 patients.
Speech-Language Pathology Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Children Born With Cleft Palate in the United Kingdom—Parent/Caregiver Perspectives and Experiences
Authors: Southby Lucy , Harding Sam , Davies Amy , Fell Matthew , Wren Yvonne 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine parent/caregiver perspectives and experiences of speech-language pathology provision during the COVID-19 pandemic for children born with cleft palate.

Method:

An online questionnaire to parents of children born with cleft palate asked about delays and changes to speech-language pathology provision during the first U.K. national lockdown. Parents were also asked their views on the effectiveness of online speech-language pathology provision. Analysis considered variation in speech-language pathology provision by region. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney
U
tests examined associations between speech-language pathology provision and socioeconomic status and child age. Free text responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Three hundred fifty-six (39.3%) children were receiving speech-language pathology intervention before the first national lockdown. A further 49 (9.0%) were due to start speech-language pathology intervention during the lockdown. Speech-language pathology provision varied both nationally and within smaller geographical regions. Overall, 146 (42.6%) children continued to receive speech-language pathology and 197 (57.4%) had intervention delayed. There was no association between delayed speech-language pathology and socioeconomic status. Older children were more likely to experience delayed speech-language pathology provision (
p
= .004). Qualitative analysis revealed concerns about access to speech-language pathology, challenges with adequate devices to access online provision, technological problems, and child engagement in online provision. Parents reported online provision as being “better than nothing.”

Conclusions:
Parents/caregivers reported delays to speech-language pathology provision during the first lockdown, but this varied geographically and was more prevalent for older children. Concerns about access to speech-language pathology provision were raised, including challenges regarding online provision. Follow-on work will consider the impact of the delays experienced on longer term outcomes.
Fractional‐order fuzzy PID controller design on buck converter with antlion optimization algorithm
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Narm Hossein Gholizade , Mollaee Hasan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design of a Fractional‐Order fuzzy‐based PID (FO‐F‐PID) control structure is presented for Buck converter in the presence of harmful disturbances. A fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative (FO‐PID) control scheme is utilized initially to damp the oscillations and remove the steady‐state error. To increase the tendency rate of the error to zero, the FO‐PID method is applied to a fuzzy‐logic‐based compensatory stage. At the same time, the fuzzy part gathers the data based on the error and error derivative. The FO‐PID control scheme has the capability to enhance the robustness of the control technique against disturbances and parametric variations. Furthermore, to optimize the control parameters, an efficient algorithm so‐called Antlion Optimization (ALO) algorithm, is used. Utilizing the ALO algorithm for tuning the FO‐PID gains depicts more accurate responses in solving constrained problems with diverse search spaces. Considering numerous disturbances on DC‐DC converters, an FO‐F‐PID controller can be an appropriate alternative since it is more robust against load variations and noise. Moreover, PSO‐PID and FO‐PSO‐PID controllers are designed to drive a comparison between them. Finally, the merits of the presented controller are validated for various scenarios. It can be seen that the FO‐F‐ALO‐PID method provides much better results with faster dynamics. Matlab‐Simulink environment is used for the simulations, and the experimental results are tested by the micro‐processor to validate the superiority of the proposed method.
Classification of insulators using neural network based on computer vision
Authors: Stefenon Stéfano Frizzo , Corso Marcelo Picolotto , Nied Ademir , Perez Fabio Luis , Yow Kin‐Choong , Gonzalez Gabriel Villarrubia , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsulators of the electrical power grid are usually installed outdoors, so they suffer from environmental stresses, such as the presence of contamination. Contamination can increase surface conductivity, which can lead to system failures, reducing the reliability of the network. The identification of insulators that have their properties compromised is important so that there are no discharges through its insulating body. To perform the classification of contaminated insulators, this paper presents computer vision techniques for the extraction of contamination characteristics, and a neural network (NN) model for the classification of this condition. Specifically, the Sobel edge detector, Canny edge detection, binarization with threshold, adaptive binarization with threshold, threshold with Otsu and Riddler–Calvard techniques will be evaluated. The results show that it is possible to have an accuracy of up to 97.50% for the classification of contaminated insulators from the extraction of characteristics with computer vision using the NN for the classification. The proposed model is more accurate than well‐established models such as support‐vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN), and ensemble learning methods. This showed that optimizing the model's parameters can make it superior to solve the problem in question.
Metallic debossed characters industrial online non‐segmentation identification based on improved multi‐scale image fusion enhancement and deep neural network
Authors: Xiang Zhong , Wu Huaxiong , Zhou Ding 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates accurate industry online scene text recognition techniques for metallic debossed characters (MDCs). As MDCs have low contrast with its background and easy to interfere with corrosion rust, oxidate skin or specular reflection and so forth, a multi‐scale image fusion algorithm is first proposed to restore the MDCs’ shape and appearance information to enhance the sample's contrast by using the MDCs' depth characteristic with the help of four‐directional illumination. With this method, the three most important reflection‐related picture quality evaluation standards, namely contrast, saturation, and exposure, can be enhanced simultaneously. Next, based on the fusion result, a U‐shaped network based on VGG‐16 network architecture is used for text localization. In order to improve network receptive fields, an improved post‐processing output module that combines a text sequence score map for coarsening localization with a single‐character score map for fine localization is proposed, so that the network's adaptability and accuracy for long texts are improved. Finally, a convolutional recurrent neural network is adopted to realize the recognition of sequence characters. The advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method are statistically analyzed with the data from a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder annual periodic inspection production line.
A rare phosphorus-rich star in an eclipsing binary from TESS
Authors: Folsom Colin P. , Kama Mihkel , Eenmäe Tõnis , Kolka Indrek , Aret Anna , Checha Vitalii , Kasikov Anni , Leedjärv Laurits , Ramler Heleri 
Published: December 2021

Context. Few exoplanets around hot stars with radiative envelopes have been discovered, although new observations from the TESS mission are improving this. Stars with radiative envelopes have little mixing at their surface, and thus their surface abundances provide a sensitive test case for a variety of processes, including potentially star–planet interactions. Atomic diffusion is particularly important in these envelopes, producing chemically peculiar objects such as Am and HgMn stars.
Aims. An exoplanet candidate around the B6 star HD 235349 was identified by TESS. Here we determine the nature of this transiting object and identify possible chemical peculiarities in the star.
Methods. HD 235349 was observed using the long-slit spectrograph at Tartu Observatory, as well as photometrically by the TESS mission. The spectra were modeled to determine stellar parameters and chemical abundances. The photometric light curve was then analyzed in the context of the stellar parameters to determine properties of the transiting object.
Results. We find the transiting object is a low-mass stellar companion, not a planet. However, the primary of this eclipsing binary is a rare type of chemically peculiar star. A strong overabundance of P is found with overabundances of Ne and Nd and mild overabundances of Ti and Mn, while He is mildly underabundant. There is also clear evidence for vertical stratification of P in the atmosphere of the star. The lack of Hg and the weak Mn overabundance suggests that this is not a typical HgMn star. It may be in the class of helium-weak phosphorus-gallium (He-weak PGa) stars or an intermediate between these two classes.
Conclusions. We show that HD 235349 is a rare type of chemically peculiar star (He-weak PGa) in an eclipsing binary system with a low-mass stellar companion. This appears to be the first He-weak PGa star discovered in an eclipsing binary.
Expanding the submillimeter wave spectroscopy and astronomical search for thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) in the ISM
Authors: Remijan A. , Xue C. , Margulès L. , Belloche A. , Motiyenko R. A. , Carder J. , Codella C. , Balucani N. , Brogan C. L. , Ceccarelli C. , Hunter T. R. , Maris A. , Melandri S. , Siebert M. , McGuire B. A. 
Published: December 2021

Context.One of the biggest unsolved mysteries of modern astrochemistry is understanding chemical formation pathways in the interstellar medium (ISM) and circumstellar environments. The detections (or even nondetections) of molecules composed of low-abundance atomic species (such as S, P, Si, and Mg) may help to constrain chemical pathways. Thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) is the sulfur analog to acetemide (CH3CONH2) and it is a viable candidate to search for in astronomical environments – specifically toward regions where other S-bearing molecules have been found and, if possible, that also contain a detection of CH3CONH2. If detected, it would not only continue to expand the view of molecular complexity in astronomical environments, but also help to better elucidate the possible formation pathways of these types of species in these environments.Aims.Our aim is to expand the frequency range of the measured rotational spectrum of CH3CSNH2beyond 150 GHz and then to use those measurements to extend the search for this species in the ISM. The new laboratory measurements and expanded search cover more parameter space for determining under what conditions CH3CSNH2may be detected, leading to possible constraints on the formation of large S-bearing molecules found in the ISM.Methods.The rotational spectrum of CH3CSNH2was investigated up to 650 GHz. Using the newly refined spectrum of CH3CSNH2, as well as additional spectroscopic data on the chemically related species CH3CONH2, a variety of astronomical sources were searched including data from the following large surveys: Prebiotic Interstellar Molecule Survey conducted with the Green Bank Telescope; Exploring molecular complexity with ALMA conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array; and Astrochemical Surveys at IRAM conducted with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m Telescope.Results.A total of 1428 transitions from thevt= 0 state with maximum valuesJ= 47 andKa= 20 in the range up to 330 GHz, andJ= 95 andKa= 20 in the range from 400–660 GHz were assigned. We also assigned 321 transitions from thevt= 1 state with the maximum valuesJ= 35 andKa= 9 up to 330 GHz. We achieved a final fit with a root-mean-square deviation of 43.4 kHz that contains 2035 measured lines from our study and the literature forvt= 0 andvt= 1 states of A and E symmetries. The final fit is based on the rho-axis-method Hamiltonian model that includes 40 parameters. An astronomical search for CH3CSNH2was conducted based on all the new spectroscopic data. No transitions of CH3CSNH2were detected toward any of the sources contained in our survey. Using the appropriate telescope and physical parameters for each astronomical source, upper limits to the column densities were found for CH3CSNH2toward each source.
Recommendations of the AGG (Section Maternal Disease) for Myasthenia Gravis in Pregnancy
Authors: Kühnert Maritta , Schmidt Markus , Kuschel Bettina , Schäfer-Graf Ute Margaretha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease with a range of clinical presentations which manifest as combinations of weakness of the ocular, bulbar, and respiratory muscle groups and muscles of the extremities. Young women of reproductive age are most commonly affected. Preconception planning, the impact of pregnancy, prepartum management, drug therapy in pregnancy, myasthenic and cholinergic crises, fetal monitoring, peripartum management including analgesia and anesthesia during labor and cesarean section as well as neonatal management and neonatal myasthenia gravis are described here and the appropriate recommendations are given.
Platelet Dysregulation in the Pathobiology of COVID-19
Authors: Mellema Rebecca A. , Crandell Jacob , Petrey Aaron C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Patients with severe disease present with hyperinflammation which can affect multiple organs which often include observations of microvascular and macrovascular thrombi. COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as a thromboinflammatory disease where alterations of both coagulation and platelets are closely linked to mortality and clinical outcomes. Although platelets are most well known as central mediators of hemostasis, they possess chemotactic molecules, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are now appreciated as playing an important role in the regulation of immune response. This review summarizes the current knowledge of platelet alterations observed in the context of COVID-19 and their impact upon disease pathobiology.
Handle with care – effektives Toxizitätsmanagement während Chemotherapie eines serösen high-grade Ovarialkarzinoms
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHier wird der komplikationsreiche Behandlungsverlauf einer heute 50-jährigen Patientin dargestellt. Operativ konnte bei schon weit fortgeschrittener Peritonealkarzinose keine Tumorfreiheit erreicht werden. Wegen des sehr reduzierten Allgemeinzustands war initial nur eine Monochemotherapie mit Carboplatin AUC 5 möglich. Unter dieser deeskalierten Monotherapie kam es schon nach dem ersten Zyklus zu einer ausgeprägten Hämatotoxizität mit behandlungsbedürftiger Anämie, Thrombopenie sowie Leukopenie, sodass mehrmalige Transfusionen von Erythrozyten- und Thrombozytenkonzentraten und G-CSF-Gaben notwendig wurden. Die weiteren Zyklen mussten mit erheblich reduzierter Dosierung angepasst werden. Unter dieser suboptimalen Dosierung war die maligne Erkrankung progredient, die Patientin musste einen Sigmastent bei symptomatischer Sigmastenose erhalten.Ab diesem Zeitpunkt wurde die weitere Behandlung der Patientin in einem intensiven komplementär/supportiven Konzept und mit einer individualisierten Chemotherapiekombination fortgeführt. Darunter kam es zu einer rückläufigen Hämatotoxizität, die Chemotherapie konnte nach 6 Zyklen mit einer weitgehenden Remission aller Tumormanifestationen beendet werden. Die genetische Testung ergab eine BRCA2-Mutation. Daraufhin erhielt die Patientin eine orale Erhaltungstherapie mit dem PARP-Inhibitor Niraparib 4.
Outcomes and Complications Associated with Acute Gunshot Fractures in Cats and Dogs
Authors: Schrock Kelly , Kerwin Sharon C. , Jeffery Nick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to summarize outcomes and complications of gunshot fracture management in small animals.Study Design Review of cats and dogs with radiographically confirmed acute gunshot fractures, presenting data on signalment, fracture location, fracture management (surgical vs. non-surgical, type of surgical repair), fracture comminution, extent of soft tissue trauma, postoperative complication and overall outcome. A poor outcome was defined as patient death, major postoperative complication or limb amputation (both as primary treatment or secondary to postoperative complications).Results Ninety-seven animals with 137 acute gunshot-induced fractures were identified. There were 21 (15.3%) maxillofacial, 16 (11.7%) vertebral column, 8 (5.8%) rib, 56 (40.9%) distal long bone (below stifle/cubital joint) and 36 (26.3%) proximal long bone (at or above stifle/cubital joint) fractures. Overall, 20/37 cases with sufficient follow-up details incurred a poor fracture outcome. Extensive soft tissue trauma at the fracture site was associated with an increased likelihood of poor outcome. The most common poor outcomes were primary limb amputations (7 cases) and postoperative complications (3 osteomyelitis/surgical site infections, 4 delayed/non-unions).Conclusion Gunshot fractures overall have high likelihood of poor outcome. Severe soft tissue injury is associated with complications. Mitigating poor outcome likely requires early aggressive wound management.
Does MRI Knee in Those over 50 Years with Knee Pain in Osteoarthritis Alter Management? A Retrospective Review
Authors: Murphy Alexandra N. , Yelverton Bryan , Clesham Kevin , Hassell Kathy , Kavanagh Eoin , Eustace Stephen , Cashman James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant cause of pain and disability worldwide. Imaging provides diagnosis, prognostication, and follow-up. Radiographs are first line, useful, and inexpensive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect additional features not seen on radiograph, but it is of questionable usefulness in the management of knee OA. Our aim was to investigate the usefulness of MRI in the workup of knee OA and whether MRI alters management in knee OA. A retrospective review was performed of consecutive MRI knees performed for knee pain in those over 50 years. Clinical information and documentation of management plan pre- and post-MRI were collected. Assessment was made whether the MRI results influenced the final management plan. Of the 222 MRI knees included for study, the majority (62.2%) had not had a recent radiograph. OA was reported in 86.9% of radiographs and 89.6% of MRI. On MRI, the most prevalent finding was tearing/abnormality of the medial meniscus, seen in 47% of MRIs overall, increasing to all in severe OA. MRI assisted with management in 9.5% of all (21/222) patients, and changed management plans in 23% of those that had documented management plans prior to the MRI (6/26 patients). MRIs can guide tailored management in knee OA and are useful for surgical planning; however, they should only be ordered in certain cases, and a radiograph should always be performed first. MRI should be considered if symptoms are not explained by OA alone or the appropriate treatment option requires MRI.