bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Organizations and Adaptation: A Case Study of Indian Immigrant Engineers in the US
Authors: Sabharwal Meghna , Varma Roli , Noor Zeeshan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The United States has witnessed waves of immigration throughout its history, with the current immigration policies regulated by the reforms enacted under President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. Immigrants now come from all over the world, with China and India supplying the largest numbers in science and engineering (S&E) fields. Although the US is seen as coping rather successfully with immigration from Europe, that is not the case with Asian immigration. Assimilation theorists have long argued that Asian immigrants face problems in adapting to the American culture and lifestyles; in contrast, multicultural theorists have hailed cultural diversity brought by Asian immigrants. Ethnic organizations can play an integral role in Asian immigrants’ adaptation and integration in the United States. Utilizing 40 in-depth interviews of Indian immigrant engineers working in the US technology companies, the present study examines if they belong to ethnic associations. If yes, why do they feel a need to belong to these associations? If no, why not? It further sheds light on their need to belong to such associations. The findings show that the need to belong to Indian associations varied with the stage of their lives, which can be depicted as a U-shaped curve.
How effective is group intervention in the treatment for unaccompanied and accompanied refugee minors with mental health difficulties: A systematic review
Authors: Hutchinson Ryan , King Natalie , Majumder Pallab 
Published: November 2021

Background: Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) are at significantly higher risk of trauma exposure and mental illness. Research examining the most effective treatments for this population is limited. Aims: To study the available research evidence on outcomes from various group interventions in this population. The objective is to investigate if these can be used clinically in future interventions. Methods: Systematic review was carried out for patient outcomes where group therapy was used as treatment in URM. Studies with ARM (Accompanied refugee minors) were included because of similarities between these groups and because many studies were mixed population. Results: Seventeen papers met eligibility criteria with a total of N = 1,119 participants. About 80% studies with a quantitative component reported improvements, and 69% of the studies that carried out statistical analyses reported statistically significant improvements in mental health symptoms. Every qualitative measure reported positive outcome for the participants. Studies with URM tended to show improved outcomes more often than studies exclusively with ARM. Conclusions: The evidence demonstrates the efficacy of group therapy in improving mental health outcomes, although the number of studies with robust methodology is small. Group intervention has potential to improve engagement and outcomes of URM with mental illness. Future direction for research is discussed.
The Falls Efficacy Scale International is a valid measure to assess the concern about falling and its changes induced by treatments
Authors: Caronni Antonio , Picardi Michela , Redaelli Valentina , Antoniotti Paola , Pintavalle Giuseppe , Aristidou Evdoxia , Gilardone Giulia , Carpinella Ilaria , Lencioni Tiziana , Arcuri Pietro , Corbo Massimo 
Published: November 2021

Objective To test with the Rasch analysis the psychometric properties of the Falls Efficacy Scale International, a questionnaire for measuring concern about falling. Design Longitudinal observational study, before–after rehabilitation. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation. Subjects A total of 251 neurological patients with balance impairment. Interventions Physiotherapy and occupational therapy aimed at reducing the risk of falling. Main measures Participants (median age, first–third quartile: 74.0, 65.5–80.5 years; stroke and polyneuropathy: 43% and 21% of the sample, respectively) received a balance assessment (Falls Efficacy Scale International included) pre- and post-rehabilitation. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the Falls Efficacy Scale International. Differential item functioning, which assesses the measures’ stability in different conditions (e.g. before vs. after treatment) and in different groups of individuals, was tested for several variables. Results Patients suffered a moderate balance impairment (Mini-BESTest median score; first–third quartile: 15; 11–19), mild–moderate concern about falling (Falls Efficacy Scale International: 28; 21–37) and motor disability (Functional Independence Measure, motor domain: 70.0; 57.0–76.5). Falls Efficacy Scale International items fitted the Rasch model (range of infit and outfit mean square statistics: 0.8–1.32 and 0.71–1.45, respectively) and the questionnaire's reliability was satisfactory (0.87). No differential item functioning was found for treatment, gender, age and balance impairment. Differential item functioning was found for diagnosis and disability severity, but it is shown that it is not such as to bias measures. Conclusions Falls Efficacy Scale International ordinal scores can be turned into interval measures, i.e. measures of the type of temperature. Being differential item functioning-free for treatment, these measures can be safely used to compare concern about falling before and after rehabilitation, such as when interested in assessing the rehabilitation effectiveness.
Polymicrobial keratitis after accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Lu Ying , Yin Yewei , Hu Tu , Du Kaixuan , Fu Yanyan , Xiang Aiqun , Fu Qiuman , Wu Xiaoying , Li Yuanjun , Wen Dan 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To report two cases of polymicrobial keratitis following corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus and to review the literature. Methods Retrospective case note and literature review. Results The first case involved a 27-year-old male who presented with amebic corneal ulcers 3 days after the collagen cross-linking procedure. Some gram-negative (gram-ve) cocci were found upon staining, and cysts were observed by confocal microscopy at 7 days after surgery. Acanthamoeba infection mixed with gram-ve organisms was diagnosed. In the second case, a 14-year male developed Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection with anterior chamber empyema 3 days after the collagen cross-linking procedure for keratoconus. Occasional gram-positive (gram + ve) cocci and gram-ve bacilli were observed under a microscope. The mixed keratitis in the two patients resolved after systemic and topical antibiotic therapy, but the infection ultimately resulted in corneal scarring. Follow-up keratoplasty was needed to improve vision acuity in both patients. Conclusion Although ultraviolet irradiation and the reactive oxygen released by riboflavin during collagen cross-linking have bactericidal effects, a lack of a corneal epithelial barrier, bandage contact lens usage, perioperative hygiene, and an abnormal immune state are risk factors for infectious keratitis after collagen cross-linking. Perioperative management of collagen cross-linking is important to prevent infection.
Toward better characterization of restricted and unusual interests in youth with autism
Authors: Uljarević Mirko , Alvares Gail A , Steele Morgan , Edwards Jaelyn , Frazier Thomas W , Hardan Antonio Y , Whitehouse Andrew JO 
Published: November 2021

Despite their high prevalence and clinical importance in autism, unusual and restricted interests remain under-researched and poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and type of interests in autism by coding caregivers’ open-ended responses in a sample of 237 autistic children and adolescents ( Mage = 8.27 years, SDage = 4.07; range: 2.08–18.25 years). It further aimed to explore the effects of age, sex, cognitive functioning and social and communication deficits on the number and type of interests. We found that 75% of autistic youth had at least one interest and that 50% of those children showed two or more different interests. The most frequent interests were sensory-based (43%), with a majority of these interests relating to the visual modality. Interest within vehicles/transportation, fictional characters, television/digital versatile disk/movies, computers, and video games, constructive, mechanical objects, animals and plants, and attachment to specific objects were also prevalent. Logistic regression showed that being male, having a co-occurring intellectual disability and having more severe social and communication impairments were associated with a higher probability of having one or more restricted interests. Sex was significantly associated with the type (χ2 = 37.52, Phi = 0.37, p = 0.021) of restricted interests, with females showing a significantly higher percentage of creative interests and males significantly higher percentage of interest in characters, vehicles/transportation, computers/video games, mechanical objects and constructive interests. Theoretical and measurement implications are discussed. Lay abstract Despite being highly prevalent among people with autism, restricted and unusual interests remain under-researched and poorly understood. This article confirms that restricted interests are very frequent and varied among children and adolescents with autism. It also further extends current knowledge in this area by characterizing the relationship between the presence, number, and type of restricted interests with chronological age, sex, cognitive functioning, and social and communication symptoms.
Turkish validity and reliability of the individual cultural values scale on nurses
Authors: Bilgin Nurcan , Kutlu Adalet 
Published: November 2021

Background Nurses need to understand their own cultures in order to care for patients in ways that are based on the cultural structure of the patient, which means to the patient’s cultural values and beliefs. Aim This study was conducted in Turkey, and the aim of the study was to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the Individual Cultural Values Scale (CVSCALE) for nurses. Methods This research was a methodological study. The sample of the research was composed of 256 nurses. The reliability and validity analyses were performed such as additivity, Cronbach’s alpha, response bias, language, content, and construct validity. Ethical approval was obtained for the research. Results The content validity index of the scale was .91. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the model had a good fit, and five dimensions of the scale were confirmed. The internal consistencies of subscales, except those for power distance and masculinity, were very reliable. The test–retest correlations were found to be very high for the CVSCALE. Conclusion The Turkish form of the Individual Cultural Values Scale that was conducted on nurses had acceptable levels of validity and reliability. Measuring culture at the individual level is important for transcultural nursing, and it will contribute to the creation of nursing policies in Turkey.
α4β7 integrin-dependent adhesion of T cells to MAdCAM-1 is blocked by vedolizumab in patients with chronic refractory pouchitis
Authors: Melde Michaela , Müller Tanja M. , Schneider Ines , Geppert Carol-Immanuel , Mühl Laura , Besendorf Laura , Allner Clarissa , Becker Emily , Atreya Imke , Vitali Francesco , Atreya Raja , Neurath Markus F. , Zundler Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

Background: The anti-α4β7 integrin antibody vedolizumab is an established therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has also been successfully used in patients with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis following proctocolectomey with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. However, the expression and function of gut-homing markers as well as strategies to predict the response to vedolizumab in pouchitis are understudied so far. Methods: We used flow cytometry and dynamic adhesion assays to study the expression and function of gut-homing integrins on T cells from patients with pouchitis and controls as well as longitudinally during therapy of pouchitis with vedolizumab. Moreover, we describe clinical effects of vedolizumab in a cohort of patients with pouchitis. Results: T cells from patients with pouchitis express a specific profile of gut-homing integrins. Integrin α4β7 on T cells from patients with pouchitis mediates adhesion to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1, which can be blocked by vedolizumab in vitro. Vedolizumab efficiently treats pouchitis in a portion of patients and response correlates with dynamic adhesion profiles to MAdCAM-1. Conclusion: Our data suggest that T cell trafficking seems to be important for the pathogenesis of pouchitis and support the therapeutic use of vedolizumab. Integrin function might serve as a biomarker to predict response to vedolizumab.
Preferences and satisfaction of IBD patients after switching from adalimumab 40 mg weekly to 80 mg every other week given as a single injection: the ADASCAL study
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Martínez-Montiel María Pilar , Barreiro-de-Acosta Manuel , Vera Isabel , Lorente Rufo , Vega Pablo , Diz-Lois María Teresa , Fuentes Coronel Ana María , Pérez Calle José Lázaro , Casis Begoña , Ferreiro-Iglesias Rocío , Calvo Marta , Olivares David , Alba Cristina 
Published: November 2021

Background: A recently registered device containing 80 mg of adalimumab (ADA) allows an alternative dose escalation regimen with ADA 80 mg every other week (EOW) given as a single subcutaneous injection instead of 40 mg every week. The ADASCAL study evaluated the preferences and satisfaction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients after switching their ADA regimen from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW given with a single-dose pen. Methods: In this multicentre cross-sectional study, patients in whom the ADA regimen was changed from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW completed the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM 1.4), a four-item questionnaire [a Likert-type 5-point scale for preferences, two closed questions for convenience and a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess which escalated ADA regimen patients would prefer to continue] and two Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaires: the generic European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and disease-specific Spanish version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ-9). Results: In total, 77 patients (64 Crohn’s disease and 13 ulcerative colitis) were included. The TSQM score showed a notably high global satisfaction [83.4, standard deviation (SD) = 14.1] of patients with ADA 80 mg EOW given with a single-dose pen, with high TSQM scores for individual components: effectiveness (77.6, SD = 16.9), convenience (83.7, SD = 14.5) and side effects (86.1, SD = 23.4). Most of the patients (74%) preferred the ADA EOW regimen (59.7% had strong preference, 14.3% slight preference). ADA EOW interferes less with daily activity (59.7%) and with travel plans (81.8%). Most patients (77%) would prefer to continue with ADA EOW (mean VAS score of 84.7, SD = 24.1, where 100 indicates a preference for ADA EOW). Patients reported high HRQoL scores on both the EQ-5D (72.3, SD = 20.1) and SIBDQ-9 (75.1, SD = 14.7). Conclusion: IBD patients in whom the ADA regimen was changed from 40 mg weekly to 80 mg EOW reported a higher preference for the EOW regimen and therefore most decided to continue with a single self-injection EOW.
ImpulsePal: The systematic development of a smartphone app to manage food temptations using intervention mapping
Authors: van Beurden Samantha B , Greaves Colin J , Abraham Charles , Lawrence Natalia S , Smith Jane R 
Published: November 2021

Background Impulsive processes driving eating behaviour can often undermine peoples’ attempts to change their behaviour, lose weight and maintain weight loss. Aim To develop an impulse management intervention to support weight loss in adults. Methods Intervention Mapping (IM) was used to systematically develop the “ImpulsePal” intervention. The development involved: (1) a needs assessment including a qualitative study, Patient and Public advisory group and expert group consultations, and a systematic review of impulse management techniques; (2) specification of performance objectives, determinants, and change objectives; (3) selection of intervention strategies (mapping of change techniques to the determinants of change); (4) creation of programme materials; (5) specification of adoption and implementation plans; (6) devising an evaluation plan. Results Application of the IM Protocol resulted in a smartphone app that could support reductions in unhealthy (energy dense) food consumption, overeating, and alcoholic and sugary drink consumption. ImpulsePal includes inhibition training, mindfulness techniques, implementation intentions (if-then planning), visuospatial loading, use of physical activity for craving management, and context-specific reminders. An “Emergency Button” was also included to provide access to in-the-moment support when temptation is strong. Conclusions ImpulsePal is a novel, theory- and evidence-informed, person-centred app that aims to support impulse management for healthier eating. Intervention Mapping facilitated the incorporation of app components that are practical operationalisations of change techniques targeting our specific change objectives and their associated theoretical determinants. Using IM enabled transparency and provided a clear framework for evaluation, and enhances replicability and the potential of the intervention to accomplish the desired outcome of facilitating weight loss through dietary change.
The effect of early mobilization on functional outcomes after hip surgery in the Chinese population – A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Xiang Zhou , Chen Zhong , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Kun , Liu Fan , Zhang Changqing , Wong Tak-Man , Li Wilson , Leung Frankie 
Published: November 2021

Objective To compare the functional status and quality of life (QoL) between patients who underwent an early mobilization scheme and those who underwent a late mobilization scheme after hip fracture fixation surgery in elderly Chinese patients. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. Patients (≥65 years old) with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with intramedullary nails were recruited from nine centers in China. Study centers either performed early mobilization or late mobilization scheme. All patients performed immediate in-bed mobilization after surgery and followed a standardized daily exercise program at home during the first 12 weeks. Functional status was measured by the Modified Barthel Index at postoperative visit, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. QoL was measured by the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) at 12 weeks. Results One hundred and forty-eight patients were enrolled to early mobilization, and 136 to late mobilization. At 6 weeks, early mobilization resulted in a significantly better Modified Barthel Index than late mobilization (mean [SD]: 83.7 [12.0] vs. 67.0 [17.5], p < .001). Adjusted mixed effects model showed significantly higher Modified Barthel Index for early mobilization at postoperative visit, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks (all p < .001). Patients in the early mobilization group had slightly better EQ-5D Index at 12 weeks than patients in the late mobilization group (mean: 0.91 vs 0.87, p = .002). Conclusions Early postoperative mobilization resulted in better functional outcomes up to 12 weeks. QoL was rated statistically significantly better in the early mobilization group, but the difference was small and may not be clinically relevant.
Latent tuberculosis screening and treatment in HIV: highly acceptable in a prospective cohort study
Authors: White Helena A. , Okhai Hajra , Sahota Amandip , Maltby John , Stephenson Iain , Patel Hemu , Hefford Philip M. , Wiselka Martin J. , Pareek Manish 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of re-activation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although UK and international guidelines identify this group as a priority for LTBI screening and treatment, data on attitudes of PLWH to this policy recommendation are lacking.MethodsA five-point, Likert-style questionnaire was administered to PLWH to assess views and intentions towards accepting LTBI screening and treatment. Subsequent interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) testing was offered, and chemoprophylaxis if required. Influencing demographic and psychological associations with planned, and actual, testing and treatment uptake were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.Results444 out of 716 (62%) patients responded. 417 out of 437 (95.4%) expressed intention to accept LTBI testing. The only significant association was the perceived importance of testing to the individual (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.98, 95% CI 2.55–31.67). 390 out of 393 (99.2%) accepted appropriate IGRA screening; 41 out of 390 (10.5%) were positive. 397 out of 431 (92.1%) expressed intention to accept chemoprophylaxis, associated with perceived importance of treatment (aOR 3.52, 95% CI 1.46–8.51), a desire to have treatment for LTBI (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 0.99–3.15) and confidence in taking treatment (aOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.84–7.72). Of those offered chemoprophylaxis, 36 out of 37 (97.3%) accepted and 34 out of 36 (94.4%) completed treatment. There were no correlates with actual screening acceptance.ConclusionsLTBI is common amongst PLWH, highlighting the importance of robust screening and treatment programmes. This study shows that screening and treatment for LTBI is highly acceptable to PLWH and provides strong, objective evidence for policy-makers developing guidelines in this cohort.