bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change point detection for clustered expression data
Authors: Sieg Miriam , Sciesielski Lina Katrin , Kirschner Karin Michaela , Kruppa Jochen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: In longitudinal studies, observations are made over time. Hence, the single observations at each time point are dependent, making them a repeated measurement. In this work, we explore a different, counterintuitive setting: At each developmental time point, a lethal observation is performed on the pregnant or nursing mother. Therefore, the single time points are independent. Furthermore, the observation in the offspring at each time point is correlated with each other because each litter consists of several (genetically linked) littermates. In addition, the observed time series is short from a statistical perspective as animal ethics prevent killing more mother mice than absolutely necessary, and murine development is short anyway. We solve these challenges by using multiple contrast tests and visualizing the change point by the use of confidence intervals.Results: We used linear mixed models to model the variability of the mother. The estimates from the linear mixed model are then used in multiple contrast tests.There are a variety of contrasts and intuitively, we would use the Changepoint method. However, it does not deliver satisfying results. Interestingly, we found two other contrasts, both capable of answering different research questions in change point detection: i) Should a single point with change direction be found, or ii) Should the overall progression be determined? The Sequen contrast answers the first, the McDermott the second. Confidence intervals deliver effect estimates for the strength of the potential change point. Therefore, the scientist can define a biologically relevant limit of change depending on the research question.Conclusion: We present a solution with effect estimates for short independent time series with observations nested at a given time point. Multiple contrast tests produce confidence intervals, which allow determining the position of change points or to visualize the expression course over time. We suggest to use McDermott’s method to determine if there is an overall significant change within the time frame, while Sequen is better in determining specific change points. In addition, we offer a short formula for the estimation of the maximal length of the time series.
Evaluating Effect of Metallic Ions On Aggregation Behavior of Amyloid Aβ42 By AFM Imaging and SERS
Authors: Xie Yang , Yu Lin , Fu Yuna , Sun Heng , Wang Jianhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Excessive aggregation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) is regarded as the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Exploring the underlying mechanism regulating Aβ aggregation remains challenging and investigating aggregation events of Aβ in the presence and absence of metal ions at molecular level would be meaningful in elucidating the role of metal cations on interactions between Aβ molecules. In this study, chemical self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method was employed to fabricate monolayer of β-amyloid peptides Aβ42 on gold substrate with a bolaamphiphile named 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA). Firstly, the samples of gold substrate (blank control), the MHA-modified substrate and the Aβ42-modified substrate were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to track the self-assembly process. Aggregation behaviors of Aβ42 before and after metallic ions (Zn2+、Ca2+、Al3+) treated were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the interaction between Aβ42 and metallic ions (Zn2+、Ca2+、Al3+) was investigated by surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), respectively.Results: The XPS spectra of binding energy of gold substrate (blank control), the MHA-modified substrate and the Aβ42-modified substrate are well fitted with the corresponding monolayer’s composition, which indicates that Aβ42 monolayer is well formed. The recorded surface morphology of different experimental groups obtained by AFM showed markedly different nanostructures, indicating occurrence of aggregation events between Aβ42 molecules after adding metal ions to the solution. Compared to the control group, the presence of metal ions resulted in the increased size of surface structures on the observed 3D topography. Further study by SERS showed that the Raman strength of Aβ42 changes significantly after the metal cation treatment. A considerable part of the amide bonds interacts with metal cations, leading to a structural change, which is characterized by the weakened β-fold Raman peak.Conclusion: The AFM imaging results suggest that aggregation events occurred between Aβ42 molecules with the addition of metal cations. Furthermore, the effect of metallic cations on the conformational change of Aβ42 studied by SERS supported the results obtained by AFM imaging. Taken together, the results showed that the presence of substoichiometric metal cations promotes aggregation behavior between Aβ42 molecules on the substrate at pH 7.4.
The Relationship Between The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and The Urucuia Aquifer System Recharge
Authors: Vieira Myrla de Souza Batista , Campos José Eloi Gimarães , Pinto Eber José de Andrade , Santos Marcus Suassuna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigates and detects links between the precipitation characteristics with meteorological systems and teleconnections around the Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS). Several studies show the influence of meteorological systems and teleconnections on the volume and intensity of precipitation in South America, mainly the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO). Then, the precipitation series’ statistical characterization impacted the aquifer system’s recharge from 1973 to 2006. Monthly and annual series were analyzed and tested the correlation analysis with the indexes of the AMO, PDO, and ENSO. Finally, the series of maximum daily rainfall on the UAS was determined, and the 15 largest events were chosen to analyze the retroactive trajectories of air masses and thus try to estimate which atmospheric systems was acting and their origin. It concluded that the total annual precipitation data indicated a decreasing linear trend and that external climatic phenomena can influence precipitation characteristics. The correlation with the AMO index revealed a potential teleconectivity between climate circulation patterns with average annual precipitation over the UAS (p-value ≤ 0.03). Moreover, the analysing of precipitation trajectories observed a greater amount of specific humidity in the atmosphere during the AMO negative period concerning the AMO positive period. Also, the negative AMO phase’s trajectories had higher latitudes closer to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, as opposed to the positive AMO phase, where the trajectory altitudes were lower and closer to the Capricorn tropic.
Screening and Purification of NanB Sialidase From Pasteurella Multocida With Activity in Hydrolyzing Sialic Acid Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal
Authors: Nugroho Christian Marco Hadi , Kurnia Ryan Septa , Tarigan Simson , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua , Widyaningtyas Silvia Tri , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Natalia Lily , Takdir Andi Khomeini , Soebandrio Amin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Study on sialidases as antiviral agents has been widely performed, but many types of sialidase had not been tested for their antiviral activity. One of such sialidase is the NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida, which has never been isolated for further study. In this study, the activity of NanB sialidase was investigated in silico by docking the NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida to the Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal ligand. Additionally, some local isolates of Pasteurella multocida, which had the NanB gene were screened, and the proteins were isolated for further testing regarding their activity in hydrolyzing Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal. In silico studies showed that the NanB sialidase possesses an exceptional affinity towards forming a protein-ligand complex with Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal. This was further confirmed by showing that a dose of 0.258 U/ml (100%) NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida B018 can hydrolyze up to 44.28% of Neu5Acα(2-6)Gal in chicken red blood cells and 81.95% in rabbit red blood cells. This study suggested that the NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida B018 has a potent antiviral activity that can inhibit avian influenza virus infection.
Embolization of a Superior Mesenteric Arteriovenous Fistula Identified During Consultation for a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Shinagawa Austin , Billah Zaeem , Kansagra Kartik , Lam Ken , Vatakencherry Geogy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula is a rare vascular anomaly often presenting with sequelae of portal hypertension, heart failure, or mesenteric ischemia. This report describes a 75-year-old woman with a history of extensive small bowel resection who presented with variceal bleeding. She was referred to vascular and interventional radiology for a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure; however, her history was inconsistent with cirrhosis. This prompted further review of her imaging, which identified a superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula as the probable etiology of her varices. This was subsequently embolized with a vascular plug and follow-up upper endoscopy at 1-month demonstrated complete resolution of her varices. This patient was able to avoid a procedure with potentially catastrophic consequences, highlighting the necessity of comprehensive consultations by interventional physicians. Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Report.
Designating Appropriate Areas for Determining Potential Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Region Using a GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis ‏
Authors: Abd-el-Kader Mohamed , Elfeky Ahmed , Saber Mohamed , AlHarbi Maged , Alataway abed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Flash floods are highly devastating, however there is no effective management for their water in Saudi Arabia, therefore, it is crucial to adopt Rainfall Water Harvesting (RWH) techniques to mitigate the flash floods and manage the available water resources from the infrequent and rare rainfall storms. The goal of this study is to create a potential flood hazard map and a map of suitable locations for RWH in Wadi Nisah, Saudi Arabia for future water management and flood prevention plans and to identify potential areas for rainwater harvesting and dam construction for both a flood mitigation and water harvesting. This research was carried out using a spatiotemporal distributed model based on multi-criteria decision analysis by combining Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making tools (MCDM). The flood hazard mapping criteria were elevation, drainage density, slope, direct runoff depth at 50 years return period, Topographic witness index, and Curve Number, according to the Multi-criteria decision analysis, while the criteria for RWH were Slope, Land cover, Stream order, Lineaments density, and Average of annual max-24hr Rainfall. The weight of each criteria was estimated based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In multi-criteria decision analysis, 21.55 % of the total area for Wadi Nisah was classified as extremely dangerous and dangerous; 65.29 % of the total area was classified as moderate; and 13.15 % of the total area was classified as safe and very safe in flash flood hazard classes. Only 15% of Wadi Nisah has a very high potentiality for RWH and 27.7%, 57.31% of the basin has a moderate and a low or extremely low potentiality of RWH, respectively. According to the developed RWH potentiality map, two possible dam sites were proposed. The maximum height of the proposed dams, which corresponded to the cross section of dam locations, ranged from 6.2 to 9 meters; the maximum width of dams ranged from 573.48 to 725 meters; the maximum storage capacity of reservoirs, which corresponded to the distribution of topographic conditions in the surrounding area, ranged from 3976104.499 m3 to 4328509.123 m3; and the maximum surface area of reservoirs ranged from 1268372.625 m2 to 1505825.676.14 m2. These results are highly important for the decision makers for not only flash flood mitigation but also water management in the study area.
Green water resource utilization efficiency in urban agglomerations: measurement, spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors
Authors: hu mianhao , Chen La , Yuan Juhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Green development is the coordinated development of the economy, society and environment and has become a mainstream development model. This paper evaluates the green water resource utilization efficiency (GWRUE) of 38 regions in the four-city area in central China during 2010–2019 using a super-slacks-based measure (super-SBM) DEA model considering unexpected output. Then, the spatiotemporal variations in GWRUE are analyzed by the standard deviational ellipse method, and the geographical detector method is employed to reveal the dominant impacts and interaction impacts on GWRUE spatiotemporal variations. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2019, the GWRUE in the four-city area in central China was low, and the difference among regions was obvious, showing a downward trend. (2) From 2010 to 2019, the spatial gravity center of GWRUE experienced a change process from northeast to southwest, and its moving speed showed a “waveform” rising trend. Moreover, the SDE range of each characteristic time point showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the spatial variations in GWRUE tended to be agglomerated. (3) From 2010 to 2019, the influence of each factor on the spatial variations in GWRUE was different each year. In addition, the two-way interactions between different influencing factors were mainly manifested as bivariate enhancement relationships and nonlinear enhancement relationships and were especially affected by multiple factors that produce a nonlinear enhancement interaction. This study can provide a practical basis for realizing water ecological civilization construction and high-quality development in the four-city area in central China.
The Assessment of Spirituality Between Cancer and Chronic Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: LIU YALAN , XUE HAO , YAN LI , XIA YULIN , WANG YILIN 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
PurposeSpiritual well-being had protective effect on quality of life in cancer, due to the cultural, regional and custom differences,it was rarely been discussed between cancer and chronic diseases in Chongqing,China. We aimed at comparing the level of spirituality in two groups, and discussing its factors of subjects with cancer at county regions.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to 630 inpatients who received treatment between January and December 2020 in Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital.In addition to basic demographic data,spirituality was measured using the Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12). The mean,standard deviation,independent t-tests, ANOVA and multiple regression were used for statistical description and analysis.ResultsSignificant differences were found between cancer and chronic diseases in total scores of FACIT-Sp-12 and each domain(P<0.05).The meaning, peace, faith and total scores in cancer were 11.21±3.38,10.66±4.46,11.43±3.54,and 33.3±10.35,respectively.Which were lower than chronic diseases (13.00±3.21,12.95±4.76,12.66±3.64,38.61±10.88,respectively). The spiritual well-being had significant differences in gender,character,and emotional with spouse for cancer (P<0.05).The male and extravert character were significantly associated with a greater spiritual well-being.ConclusionThe study shows a medium level of spiritual well-being in cancer, which stands the population with lower economic and education in county regions. It suggests that under the current nursing mode, we should provide specifically spiritual care to the female,introvert and those with poor relationship with spouses, and create a harmonious doctor-patient environment to improve the spiritual well-being.Retrospectively registeredJSCC-D-21-01528,17 Sep 2021
Heat Fluxes Localization and Abnormal Size Effect Induced by Multi-Body Vibration in Complex Networks
Authors: Xiong Kezhao , Yan Zhengxin , Xie You , Wang Yixian , Zeng Chunhua , Liu Zonghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heat conduction in real physical networks such as nanotube/nanowire networks has been attracting more and more attention, but its theoretical understanding is far behind. To open a way to this problem, we present a multi-body vibration model of heat conduction to study how heat is conducted in complex networks, where nodes’degrees satisfy a random distribution and links consist of 1D atom chains with nonlinear springs. Based on this model, we find two interesting phenomenons: (1) The main heat fluxes of network are always localized in a skeleton subnetwork, which may have potential applications in thermal management and thermal concentrators, etc; (2) There exists an abnormal size effect of heat conduction in complex networks, i.e. the total heat flux of network will be enlarged with the increase of atoms on links, which is in contrast to the previous result on a 1D chain. Furthermore, we introduce a transmission diagram to characterize the skeleton of localized heat fluxes and then discover a phase transition of total heat flux in the process of removing links, implying that the control of heat flux can be effective only when the change of network topology is focused on the links within the skeleton. A brief theory is introduced to explain the abnormal size effect.
Prevalence and Economic Impact of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Brazilian Public Health System: Care and Economic Analysis and the Impacts of the Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Cruz June Alisson Westarb , Buso Gustavo Martini , Moura Lidia Ana Zytynski , Cunha Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da , Zequinão Tiago , Rodrigues Kleberson Massaro , Tuon Felipe Francisco , de Moraes Thyago Proença , Marques Sandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to describe the general and specific context of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (IAM) in the Brazilian public health system and its main indicators of economic care in the pre- and post-coronavirus-disease (COVID-19) period.
Methods
The main assistance and economic indicators of care related to IAM, together with the Brazilian public health system, were evaluated in the period between January 2011 and April 2021, comparing the pre- and post-pandemic indicators. The research figures were descriptive and exploratory, using data from the Ministry of Health. The main data evaluated were lethality, number of hospitalizations, average length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs. The ARIMA and general regression models were used to analyze the monthly outcomes pre and post COVID-19, thus enabling the alteration of care and economic behavior of IAM cases with the public health system.
Results
Hospitalization for IAM has been on the rise for the past 10 years, with a slight decrease after COVID-19. There was an equally slight increase in lethality, with a significant decrease in the mean length of stay of hospitalized patients. The economic aspects of IAM show that more than US$ 762 million were invested during the reporting period. The average ticket presents a clear decrease in investment per capita, with a real devaluation of 70.04% in the period from 2011 to April 2021, which may be related to two main hypotheses: (1) increased effectiveness and (2) cost analysis of the effectiveness of care and/or chronic underfunding of the Brazilian public health system.
Conclusions
There was a historical increase in hospitalizations and a reduction in IAM-related deaths.
Determinants of Dietary Diversity and Nutritional status of Women and Children in India
Authors: Waghmare Hanumant , Gupt Jitendra , Kujur Archana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to understand the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status through the lenses of nutritional policies among women in reproductive age and children under age five in India.Method: Demographic and Health Survey data collected in year 2015-16 is used for Analysis in the aspects of current and past efforts taken at programme and policy level to improve nutritional and anaemia status among women and children. Further we review some of the critical interventions in nutrition and draws out several issues that have bearing on these policies' future evolution. Through the study we explore the statistical associations between nutritional status and nutritional policy in India.Result: The findings show that the evolution of nutrition policies and the programme has a slow but have positive impact on anaemia among women and children under age five in India. The study finds declining trend in prevalence of anaemia among women and children from 55.4 percent and 77.1 percent in 1990 to 51.4 percent and 57.3 percent in 2016 respectively. The dietary consumption shows that 37 percent women consume milk, further result shows that diet of children increase in fourth and fifth year. Mothers education shows inverse relation with malnutrition, with education sever and stunted percentage decreases. BMI among women, shows highest prevalence of underweight in early age 15-19 (41%), of normal in age 20-24 (62%), of overweight in older age 45-49 (25%) and of obese (10%) too. The nutritional status of women and children is better in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Conclusion: To deal with the diverse culture, food practices and improve the nutritional status of women and children government has introduced multiple policies and program but high level of anaemia among the women and children still exists. This result shows that government needs to take up a more approaches to this problem for effectively improving it.
Green Supply Chain Game Model and Contract Design: Risk Neutrality vs. Risk Aversion
Authors: Cai Jianhu , Lin Huazhen , Hu Xiaoqing , Ping Minyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper incorporates the players’ risk attitudes into a green supply chain (GSC) consisting of a supplier and a retailer. The supplier conducts production and determines the green level and wholesale price as a game leader, the retailer sells green products to consumers and determines the retail price as a follower. Equilibrium solutions are derived, and the influence of risk aversion on the GSC is examined. Our results show that, for the centralized GSC, risk aversion lowers the green level and the retail price; while for the decentralized GSC, risk aversion lowers the wholesale price and the retail price, but it may induce the supplier to increase the green level given a large risk tolerance of the supplier. Meanwhile, the risk-averse decentralized GSC may obtain more expected profit than the risk-neutral decentralized GSC. Furthermore, this paper designs a revenue-and-cost-sharing joint contract to coordinate the risk-neutral GSC, and such a contract can improve the risk-averse GSC under specific conditions.