bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structurally Disordered Pd−P Nanoparticles as Effective Catalysts for the Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Anthraquinone Method
Authors: Belykh Lyudmila B. , Skripov Nikita I. , Sterenchuk Tatyana P. , Akimov Vladlen V. , Tauson Vladimir L. , Milenkaya Elena A. , Schmidt Fedor K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe properties of the catalyst based on structurally disordered Pd−P nanoparticles supported on a carbon support (Pd−P/C) in the preparation of hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone method have been studied. It is shown that a high yield of H2O2 is observed upon sequential hydrogenation of 2000 mol of eAQ (mol Pd)−1. The H2O2 yield reaches 96 %–97 %. Pd−P nanoparticles are more active in the hydrogenation of 2‐ethyl‐9,10‐anthraquinone than Pd6P crystalline phosphide. In terms of H2O2 yield, Pd−P/C catalysts are superior to known catalysts: Pd/C, Pd/Al2O3. Based on the data of X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma and thermogravimetry, the main reasons for the deactivation of Pd−P/C catalysts have been established. Crystallization of the structurally disordered Pd−P nanoparticles, poisoning by eAQ conversion products and leaching of the active component are considered to be possible reasons of the Pd−P/C catalyst deactivation.
Plasma tumor DNA is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in metastatic castration‐resistant cancer patients
Authors: Conteduca Vincenza , Scarpi Emanuela , Wetterskog Daniel , Brighi Nicole , Ferroni Fabio , Rossi Alice , Romanel Alessandro , Gurioli Giorgia , Bleve Sara , Gianni Caterina , Schepisi Giuseppe , Lolli Cristian , Cortesi Pietro , Matteucci Federica , Barone Domenico , Paganelli Giovanni , Demichelis Francesca , Beltran Himisha , Attard Gerhardt , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) is an independent predictor of outcome in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We aimed to investigate the association between ptDNA and VTE in mCRPC. This prospective biomarker study included 180 mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide from April 2013 to December 2018. We excluded patients with a previous VTE history and/or ongoing anticoagulation therapy. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed to determine ptDNA fraction from pretreatment plasma samples. VTE risk based on survival analysis was performed using cumulative incidence function and estimating sub‐distributional hazard ratio (SHR). At a median follow‐up of 58 months (range 0.5‐111.0), we observed 21 patients who experienced VTE with a cumulative incidence at 12 months of 17.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3‐23.9). Elevated ptDNA, visceral metastasis, prior chemotherapy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly associated with higher VTE incidence compared to patients with no thrombosis (12‐month estimate, 18.6% vs 3.5%, P = .0003; 44.4% vs 14.8%, P = .015; 24.7% vs 4.5%, P = .006; and 30.0% vs 13.5%, P = .05, respectively). In the multivariate analysis including ptDNA level, visceral metastases, number of lesions and serum LDH, high ptDNA fraction was the only independent factor associated with the risk of thrombosis (HR 5.78, 95% CI 1.63‐20.44, P = .006). These results first suggest that baseline ptDNA fraction in mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide may be associated with increased VTE risk. These patients may be followed‐up more closely for the VTE risk, and the need for a primary thromboprophylaxis should be taken into account in mCRPC with elevated ptDNA.
Remodelin, a N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) inhibitor, alters mitochondrial lipid metabolism in cancer cells
Authors: Dalhat Mahmood Hassan , Mohammed Mohammed Razeeth Shait , Ahmad Abrar , Khan Mohammad Imran , Choudhry Hani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRemodelin is a small molecule inhibitor of N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), reported to reverse the effect of cancer conditions such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and drug resistance. We analysed RNA seq data of siNAT10 and found many metabolic pathways were altered, this made us perform unbiased metabolic analysis. Here we performed untargeted metabolomics in Remodelin treated cancer cells using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis revealed a total number of 138 of which 52 metabolites were significantly modified in Remodelin treated cells. Among the most significantly altered metabolites, we identified metabolites related with mitochondrial fatty acid elongation (MFAE) and mitochondrial beta‐oxidation such as lauroyl‐CoA, cholesterol, triglycerides, (S)−3‐hydroxyhexadecanoyl‐CoA, and NAD+. Furthermore, assessment showed alteration in expression of Enoyl‐CoA hydratase, short chain 1, mitochondrial (ECHS1), and Mitochondrial trans‐2‐enoyl‐CoA reductase (MECR) genes, associated with MFAE pathway. We also found statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides in Remodelin treated cancer cells. Overall, our results showed that Remodelin alters mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation in cancer cells. Finally, we validated these results in NAT10 knockdown cancer cells and found that NAT10 reduction results in alteration in gene expression associated with mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, clearly suggesting the possible role of NAT10 in maintaining mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism.
Between‐study differences in grip strength: a comparison of Norwegian and Russian adults aged 40–69 years
Authors: Cooper Rachel , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Kudryavtsev Alexander V. , Malyutina Sofia , Ryabikov Andrew , Arnesdatter Hopstock Laila , Johansson Jonas , Cook Sarah , Leon David A. , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying individuals with low grip strength is an initial step in many operational definitions of sarcopenia. As evidence indicates that contemporaneous Russian populations may have lower mean levels of grip strength than other populations in northern Europe, we aimed to: compare grip strength in Russian and Norwegian populations by age and sex; investigate whether height, body mass index, education, smoking status, alcohol use and health status explain observed differences and; examine implications for case‐finding low muscle strength.MethodsWe used harmonized cross‐sectional data on grip strength and covariates for participants aged 40–69 years from the Russian Know Your Heart study (KYH) (n = 3833) and the seventh survey of the Norwegian Tromsø Study (n = 5598). Maximum grip strength (kg) was assessed using the same protocol and device in both studies. Grip strength by age, sex and study was modelled using linear regression and between‐study differences were predicted from these models. Sex‐specific age‐standardized differences in grip strength and in prevalence of low muscle strength were estimated using the European population standard of 2013.ResultsNormal ranges of maximum grip strength in both studies combined were 33.8 to 67.0 kg in men and 18.7 to 40.1 kg in women. Mean grip strength was higher among Tromsø than KYH study participants and this difference did not vary markedly by age or sex. Adjustment for covariates, most notably height, attenuated between‐study differences but these differences were still evident at younger ages. For example, estimated between‐study differences in mean grip strength in fully adjusted models were 2.2 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 3.1] at 40 years and 1.0 kg (95% CI 0.5, 1.5) at 65 years in men (age × study interaction P = 0.09) and 1.1 kg (95% CI 0.4, 1.9) at age 40 years and −0.2 kg (95% CI −0.7, 0.3) at 65 years in women (age × study interaction P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe found between‐study differences in mean grip strength that are likely to translate into greater future risk of sarcopenia and poorer prospects of healthy ageing for Russian than Norwegian study participants. For example, the average Russian participant had a similar level of grip strength to a Norwegian participant 7 years older. Our findings suggest these differences may have their origins in childhood highlighting the need to consider interventions in early life to prevent sarcopenia.
Analyzing the scaffold diversity of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors and revisiting the clinical and preclinical pipeline
Authors: Bhurta Deendyal , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKinases have gained an important place in the list of vital therapeutic targets because of their overwhelming clinical success in the last two decades. Among various clinically validated kinases, the cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK) are one of the extensively studied drug targets for clinical development. Food and Drug Administration has approved three CDK inhibitors for therapeutic use, and at least 27 inhibitors are under active clinical development. In the last decade, research and development in this area took a rapid pace, and thus the analysis of scaffold diversity is essential for future drug design. Available reviews lack the systematic study and discussion on the scaffold diversity of CDK inhibitors. Herein we have reviewed and critically analyzed the chemical diversity present in the preclinical and clinical pipeline of CDK inhibitors. Our analysis has shown that although several scaffolds represent CDK inhibitors, only the amino‐pyrimidine is a well‐represented scaffold. The three‐nitrogen framework of amino‐pyrimidine is a fundamental hinge‐binding unit. Further, we have discussed the selectivity aspects among CDKs, the clinical trial dose‐limiting toxicities, and highlighted the most advanced clinical candidates. We also discuss the changing paradigm towards selective inhibitors and an overview of ATP‐binding pockets of all druggable CDKs. We carefully analyzed the clinical pipeline to unravel the candidates that are currently under active clinical development. In addition to the plenty of dual CDK4/6 inhibitors, there are many selective CDK7, CDK9, and CDK8/19 inhibitors in the clinical pipeline.
Odd Chain Fatty Acids Are Not Robust Biomarkers for Dietary Intake of Fiber
Authors: Wu Yiwei , Posma Joram M. , Holmes Elaine , Frost Gary , Chambers Edward S. , Garcia‐Perez Isabel 
Published: October 2021

ScopePrior investigation has suggested a positive association between increased colonic propionate production and circulating odd‐chain fatty acids (OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid [C15:0], heptadecanoic acid [C17:0]). As the major source of propionate in humans is the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, OCFAs have been proposed as candidate biomarkers of dietary fiber. The objective of this study is to critically assess the plausibility, robustness, reliability, dose‐response, time‐response aspects of OCFAs as potential biomarkers of fermentable fibers in two independent studies using a validated analytical method.Methods and ResultsOCFAs are first assessed in a fiber supplementation study, where 21 participants received 10 g dietary fiber supplementation for 7 days. OCFAs are then assessed in a highly controlled inpatient setting, which 19 participants consumed a high fiber (45.1 g per day) and a low fiber diet (13.6 g per day) for 4 days. Collectively in both studies, dietary intakes of fiber as fiber supplementations or having consumed a high fiber diet do not increase circulating levels of OCFAs. The dose and temporal relations are not observed.ConclusionCurrent study has generated new insight on the utility of OCFAs as fiber biomarkers and highlighted the importance of critical assessment of candidate biomarkers before application.
High‐resolution passive imaging by electromagnetic vortex beams
Authors: Guo Shaoqing , He Zi , Fan Zhenhong , Chen Rushan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new scheme to achieve high resolution in passive millimeter wave imaging (PMMWI) using electromagnetic (EM) vortex beams is proposed in this article. The spatial resolution of the traditional PMMWI system based on the mechanically or electronically controlled scanning scheme is mainly limited by the beam width of the receiver. However, it is not practical to fabricate an antenna that is too large, another possible way to improve the resolution is to increase the sampling points but will increase the imaging time. In this article, the multimode EM vortex beam is applied to achieve high resolution with less sampling points. The imaging scene is first discretized into small grid cells, and then multimode measurements are conducted during the scanning process to construct equations to solve the unknown brightness distribution. The compress sensing method is applied to reduce the number of orbital angular momentum mode. Simulation results demonstrate that high resolution can be achieved by the proposed method.
Formation control for unmanned aerial vehicle swarm with disturbances: A mission‐driven control scheme
Authors: Dong Qi , Liu Zhibin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryDifferent formation controllers are to deal with different missions for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm. The mission‐driven control scheme of the UAV swarm is necessary and worth exploring, leading to the main work of this article. Aiming at different requirements of UAV swarm, we proposed a mission‐driven control scheme, including a consensus‐based near‐optimal formation controller and a finite‐time precise formation controller. This control scheme can enable the swarm to reach its target position while maintaining consensus formation on the way. When the UAV swarm flies to the mission area, a consensus‐based near‐optimal formation controller based on adaptive neural networks is investigated to regulate the UAV states online. The controller drives the swarm from an arbitrary initial position and velocity to the desired target in an optimal manner while maintaining an expected formation with finite‐time consensus at the same time. When the UAV swarm approaches the mission area, a consensus‐based precise formation controller based on a fixed‐time disturbance observer (FDO) is designed to achieve an accurate and consensus formation within a limited time. The mission‐driven control scheme can better adapt to tasks and promote control optimization, formation precision, and system robustness. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed methodology is illustrated by numerical simulation.
Moving towards a multidimensional dynamic approach to nature and health: A bioavailability perspective
Authors: Sumner Rachel C. , Cassarino Marica , Dockray Samantha , Setti Annalisa , Crone Diane M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The benefits of exposure to nature for health and well‐being have been demonstrated across multiple disciplines. Recent work has sought to establish one ‘dose’ or type of nature exposure that is universally beneficial, which has proven difficult.

We use the principles of psychopharmacology to look beyond the use of dose as a concept for prescribing nature. Instead, we posit a multidimensional model of bioavailability of nature to shift the focus beyond universal effects, and instead consider the relationship between health and nature as dynamic, changeable and heavily contextual.

We propose that the bioavailability of nature interactions is constructed through understanding route of administration, dose and concentration.

By delineating the mechanisms of health benefit derived from the type of behavioural interaction (through being, doing and living), the route of administration of nature interactions may be highly variable not just between, but also within, individuals.

We propose concentration as being a meeting between the subjective aspects of the individual and the subjective qualities of the nature at that specific time and place. We use a ‘green equation’, for mapping the processes and pathways that belie the interaction between the person and their environment. Here, the nature/health association as a dynamic interaction, and we operationalise this within a multidimensional construct of bioavailability.

We provide an overview of this testable model and summarise with preliminary evidence as well as a research agenda for the future.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The versatile, functional polyether, polyepichlorohydrin: History, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Shukla Geetanjali , Ferrier Robert C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyepichlorohydrin (PECH) is a functional polyether first synthesized in the 1950's by the catalytic ring opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin (ECH), its inexpensive epoxide pre‐cursor. PECH elastomers are used in diverse commercial applications due to their unique combination of properties including low temperature flexibility and heat and oil resistance. PECH holds an interesting place in polymer history as its synthesis led to the discovery of highly effective aluminum‐based catalysts for epoxide polymerizations and a new class of high molecular weight polyether elastomers by an exceptional polymer chemist, Edwin J. Vandenberg. ECH is an ideal feedstock for polymer materials as it is functional, inexpensive, and produced through environmentally friendly means. However, due to the alkyl chloride pendant, polymerizations involving ECH are difficult and limited synthetic advancement has occurred until very recently. This focused review will discuss modern polymerization methods involving ECH while giving a historical perspective on the evolution of these techniques. We will also review applications of ECH‐based polymers and discuss the future development of these materials. We hope to convince the reader to explore ECH‐based materials in their own work.
Insight from data analytics in a facilities management company
Authors: Walker Daniel , Ruane Martin , Bacardit Jaume , Coleman Shirley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFacilities management (FM) of large public services is commonly outsourced to a specialist provider. Extensive data is collected on a wide range of operational tasks. Often, limited use is made of this data beyond operational considerations. Increasing availability of sophisticated data integration systems makes it possible to develop bespoke data science solutions to improve the efficiency, speed and accuracy of commonly encountered tasks. A Knowledge Transfer Partnership (a funding scheme of Innovate UK) was set‐up between Newcastle University and a large FM provider. Within this project, data science has been effectively applied to improve service delivery in three different case studies: (1) designing routing algorithms for scheduling of staff allocation to jobs, (2) using natural language processing for automatically raising work orders from help desk emails, (3) development of algorithms to optimise the placement of charging points for the transition of fleets of commercial vehicles from diesel to electric powered. For each case study, we show how the data science work has contributed to improvement of FM by: (1) maximising the productivity of engineers, (2) reducing the time taken to process help desk emails, (3) creating a data‐driven method to provide objective decision support for charger placement, respectively. The research in this paper is based on a contract with a local authority where the FM company provides planned and reactive maintenance for a range of assets in corporate buildings, hospitals and schools. In addition to describing the data science solutions, we will also discuss issues around knowledge transfer from data scientist to operational staff and how change management processes were employed in this project to embed the new working practices.
Strong Two‐Phonon Correlations and Bound States in the Continuum in Phononic Waveguides with Embedded SiV Centers
Authors: Shen Cai‐Peng , Dong Xing‐Liang , Chen Jia‐Qiang , Qiao Yi‐Fan , Li Peng‐Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantum phononic systems have attracted great attention in quantum science and technology. However, it is quite difficult to realize strong phonon–phonon interactions at the few phonon level in phononic systems, since direct interactions between phonons are generally very weak. Here, the phonon transport properties and the phonon–phonon interactions in a 1D phononic waveguide with embedded silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers are studied. The authors show that, mediated by the SiV centers, strong phonon–phonon interactions can be realized due to coherent interferences of the emitting phonon waves with the incident waves. In particular, the embedded color centers can induce an effective attractive or repulsive interaction in space for phonons, corresponding to phonon bunching or antibunching. Besides, it is found that a single SiV center can capture two resonant phonons simultaneously, forming a phononic bound state in the continuum. Comparing with photon–photon interactions in photonic systems, the phonon–phonon interactions are stronger for relatively slower phonon velocity and the strongly correlated phonon properties are promising for constructing various all‐phonon quantum devices in quantum information processing.
Subclinical synovitis detected by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography following clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective study
Authors: Nawata Masao , Someya Kazuki , Aritomi Takafumi , Funada Masashi , Nakamura Katsumi , Saito Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubjective residual symptoms persist after clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japanese patients. Few studies have examined the relationship between these symptoms and subclinical inflammation using high‐sensitivity imaging (musculoskeletal ultrasound [MSUS] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). We examined the relationship between subjective residual symptoms and imaging findings in patients with RA who achieved clinical remission.MethodsWe enrolled 30 patients with RA. The primary endpoint was the patients' subjective residual symptoms. The secondary endpoint was the relationship between the aforementioned symptoms and imaging findings.ResultsDespite a mean Simplified Disease Activity Index of 1.3, imaging evaluation revealed inflammatory findings. In the multivariate analysis, the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) and pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were extracted as independent related factors of subjective residual symptoms. The stratified analysis according to HAQ‐DI showed a significant difference in synovitis on MRI between patients with and without residual disability (12.0 ± 8.7 vs. 5.3 ± 5.3, respectively; p = 0.0192). However, MSUS scores showed no significant difference in these two groups. In addition, no significant differences were found in MSUS and MRI scores between patients with and without residual pain VAS.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated residual synovitis related to patient‐reported outcomes in patients with RA who achieved clinical remission. In particular, patients with an HAQ‐DI score of >0.25 even after achieving clinical remission should be further examined by MRI and/or MSUS for the evaluation of residual synovitis.