bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing The Habitat Suitability of Six Coniferous Forests Using Avian Assemblages At High Altitude Ecosystem
Authors: Rajpar M. N. , Khan S. A. , Ullah S. , Rajpar A.H. , Zakaria M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Birds are habitat specialist, i.e. often selects habitat that offers ample services such as a variety of food resources, safe breeding and less disturb sites to satisfy their needs. We aimed to ascertain the conservation status of avian assemblages inhabited in six different coniferous forests. The study employed the point count method to determine the avian assemblages in each forest type. The surveys were conducted employing the distance sampling point count method and determining the floristic composition through direct visual estimation from January 2018 to March 2019. In total, 2465 bird individuals representing 57 species and 29 families were observed in six coniferous forests. Twelve tree species, nine shrub species, and 14 grass species were identified in the forests. Except for the Streptopelia turtur (vulnerable), all bird species are listed as “least concern” according to the IUCN Red List Category and Criteria 2019–2. Notably, the relative abundance of bird assemblages among six coniferous habitats was significantly different (F5, 293 = 22.8, p < 0.05). The CAP results reflected that bird diversity indices varied coniferous forests. Strikingly, dry–temperate coniferous forest (BG) was densely populated (5.831 ± 0.694 birds•ha−1) as compared to other habitats. These findings suggested that subtropical coniferous forests are cradles of life for a wide array of avian assemblages and hence should be declared as protected forests to enhance avian assemblages in this region.
Hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 for High-Efficient Lead-Free Inorganic Double Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Sun Qingde , Lu Yue , Lu Feng , Mu Xulin , Wei Su-Huai , Sui Manling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Development of the stable, lead-free inorganic perovskite material is of greatly importance on fabricating the third-generation solar cell. Until now, double perovskite, such as Cs2AgBiBr6, has been proved to be one of the most potential candidates to solve the toxicity and stability issues of traditional lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to a wide and indirect bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 film, its light absorption ability is largely limited and the photoelectronic conversion efficiency (PCE) is normally lower than 2.5%. In this text, by using a hydrogenation method, the bandgap (Eg) of Cs2AgBiBr6 films could be tunable from 2.14 eV to 1.61 eV. At the same time, the highest PCE of hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cell has been improved more than 150% up to 6.27%. To the best of our knowledge, this is a record high efficiency of Cs2AgBiBr6-based perovskite solar cell. Further investigations confirmed that the interstitial doping of atomic hydrogen (H*) in Cs2AgBiBr6 lattice could not only adjust its valence and conduction band energy levels, but also optimize the carrier mobility from 1.71 cm2V-1s-1 to 9.28 cm2V-1s-1 and enhance the carrier lifetime from 18.85 ns to 41.86 ns. All these works provide a new strategy to fabricate the high performance lead-free inorganic PSCs.
Survey of the Relationship Between Extroversion and Transition in Cigarette and Hookah Smoking Stages in High School Students in Tabriz: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pashapour Hadi , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar , Dadashzadeh Hossein , Mousavi Saeid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Smoking is a major public health problem that specifically affects the adolescent population health and future. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between extroversion and transition in cigarette and hookah smoking stages in high school students in Tabriz city.Methods: A sample of 2256 high school students aged 15-16 years old in Tabriz was included in the study. Demographic characteristics, cigarette, and hookah smoking status, and Eysenck’s extroversion questionnaires were completed by all students in the selected schools. Eight months later, cigarette and hookah smoking status was assessed again to determine transition in smoking stages. Marginal Homogeneity test was used to compare the smoking status at the beginning and eight months later. The Generalized Estimating Equation method with the ordinal link was applied to estimate the effect of extroversion on transition in smoking stages.Results: The mean (SD) age of the students participating in the study was 15.5 (0.5) years old. Marginal homogeneity test results show that, in general, transmission in the stages of both cigarette and hookah smoking in eight months was significant in students (P-Value <0.0001). Extrovert personality had a significant positive effect on the transition from lower stages to higher cigarette and hookah smoking stages according to GEE with ordinal link (P<0.0001). In cigarette and hookah smoking, extrovert persons transited to higher stages 1.56 and 1.68 times than introvert persons.Conclusions: Being an extrovert person had a significant effect in the transitioning to higher stages of smoking cigarettes and hookah.
Levels And Risks of Antineoplastic Drugs In Households of Oncology Patients, Hospices And Retirement Homes
Authors: Bláhová Lucie , Kuta Jan , Doležalová Lenka , Kozáková Šárka , Hojdarová Tereza , Blaha Ludek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundContamination of the indoor environment by the antineoplastic drugs (ADs) is known to pose health risks to the exposed staff in hospitals or pharmacies. ADs may also contaminate households of the patients receiving chemotherapy but the exposure levels and potential risks to family members have not been studied. The objective was to provide an in-depth research of surface contamination by ADs inside homes focusing on the households of oncology patients, hospices and retirement houses. ResultsThe main study included repeated samplings of surfaces (floors, desktops) in households of 17 ambulant oncology patients receiving different chemotherapies with cyclophosphamide (CP), platinum-based drugs (Pt), doxorubicin (DOX), 5-fluorouracil (FU) and others. Screening of AD contamination was further performed in 2 hospices and 2 retirement homes. The wipe samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and ICP-MS/MS for 11 organic ADs and total Pt as a marker of Pt-based ADs. Patients treated with chemotherapy were found to serve as a source of contamination for their households, representing thus a risk to sensitive family members such as children or elderly people. Carcinogenic CP was commonly found at relatively high concentrations, especially during the first 6 days after the chemotherapy (maximum 511 pg/cm2). Sweat seems to be a major medium for the spread of the contamination, and high and long-time persisting CP levels (traces still found after 6 months post-chemotherapy) were found on various desktops including kitchen dining tables. The pilot studies in hospices and retirement homes indicated rather lower exposure risks of the personnel but pointed to potential long-lasting contamination by Pt or some other persistent ADs such as ifosfamide, IF.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies investigating the contamination by ADs in indoor environments outside of hospitals or pharmacies. Peak concentrations of the carcinogenic CP in households were comparable to those observed in hospitals. The information guidance flier with practical recommendations was prepared improving thus information as well as prevention of eventual risks for family members.
Two Year Progression of Working Memory Impairments In Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Appraisal of Working Memory Profiles And Measurement Sensitivity
Authors: Clough Meaghan , Bartholomew Jade , White Owen , Fielding Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Working memory (WMem) impairments are a devastating symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that manifest as distinct profiles depending upon the type of impairment. It is unknown what WMem impairment profiles occur in early MS and how best to diagnose and measure their progression.88 participants (63 early relapsing-remitting MS, 25 healthy controls) were reviewed annually for two years (baseline, +1 year, +2 years) and completed five WMem tasks: oculomotor (OM) n-back-visual spatial sketchpad; digit-span forwards-phonological loop; California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)-episodic buffer; digit-span backwards- central executive; symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)-cognitive processing speed. 65% of RRMS patients exhibited visual-spatial WMem impairments followed by 32% for episodic, 30% phonological loop, 24% central executive, 11% cognitive processing speed. These manifested alone (51%) or in combination (48%), with combined impairments the best marker of general WMem impairment. Significant progression in visual-spatial impairments was found for 24% of RRMS patients, with the OM n­-back maintaining sensitivity to general WMem impairment and progression. No other WMem subcomponent progressed or task maintained sensitivity. The results of this study provides crucial knowledge for the creation of interventions to treat WMem impairment in early RRMS, providing key targets for treatment and endpoints for determining efficacy.
Helmet Wearing Behavior Where People Often Ride Motorcycle in Ethiopia: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bedru Delwana , Teshome Firanbon , Kebede Yohannes , Birhanu Zewdie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Road traffic accidents are a major global concern which affects all people regardless of their age, sex, wealth, among others. Injuries and deaths due to motorcycle are highly increasing, especially in developing countries. Wearing helmet has been shown to significantly reduce deaths and injuries due to motorcycle accidents.Objectives: To assess magnitude of helmet wearing and its determinants among motorcycle riders in Sawula and Bulky towns, Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: 422 motorcycle drivers were sampled in a cross-sectional study conducted from 15, April to 25, May, 2020 in Sawula and Bulky towns, where people often drive motorcycle. Stratified sampling technique was used to recruit the sampled drivers in a face to face interview. Data were entered into EPI-data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 to manage analysis. Descriptive analyses like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were carried out as necessary. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the predictors of helmet wearing. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the presence and strength of association.Results: A total of 403 motorcycle drivers participated in the study which gives a 95.5% response rate. Of the total of 403 motorcycle riders, only 12.4% (95% CI, 9.2 to 15.6%) of them wore a helmet while driving a motorcycle. Having license [AOR 3.51(95% C.I 1.56-7.89)], driving strips >10Km [AOR 2.53(95% C.I 1.08-5.91)], History of accident[AOR 2.71(95% C.I 1.32-5.55)], driving experience of >=10 years[AOR 2.98 (95% C.I 1.25-7.09)] and high perceived susceptibility to accident [AOR 3.10(95% C.I 1.29-7.46)] had statistically significant association with helmet wearing comparted to their counterpart.Conclusion: This study highlighted that helmet wearing was very low. Having a license, driving strips, exposure to accident, driving experience, and accident risk perception were determinants of helmet wearing. These determinants imply that helmet wearing was directly or indirectly relies on motorcycle drivers’ knowledge and perceptions about accident and helmet wearing. Therefore, we advise all stakeholders to conduct awareness creation campaigns and give focus on mandatory helmet wearing.
HER2 G776S Mutation Promotes Oncogenic Potential in Colorectal Cancer Cells when Accompanied by Loss of APC Function
Authors: Mitani Yosuke , Ohashi Shinya , Kikuchi Osamu , Nakai Yukie , Ida Tomomi , Mizumoto Ayaka , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Saito Tomoki , Kataoka Shigeki , Matsubara Junichi , Yamada Atsushi , Kanai Masashi , Matsumoto Shigemi , Sakai Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Kiyotsugu , Nakamura Eijiro , Muto Manabu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Clinical cancer genome sequencing detects oncogenic variants that are potential targets for cancer treatment, but it also detects variants of unknown significance that may interact and affect the pathophysiology of the tumor; however, these interactions are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the interactions of a minor HER2 mutation (G776S) and APC mutations, which were detected by cancer genome sequencing of samples from a patient with colorectal cancer.
Methods

We transfected HER2-G776S mutant- or HER2 wild type- expressing vectors into several cell lines, HeLa, FHC, CACO-2 and COLO-320, to evaluate their effects on HER2 phosphorylation and kinase activity, HER2 downstream signaling (phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK), and anchorage-independent growth ability. APC- knockout cells and APC overexpressing cells were established to investigate the effect of APC function on the HER2 signaling pathway. We also evaluated the efficacy of a HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor on xenograft tumors derived from HER2-G776S transfected cells.
Results

HER2 G776S mutation increased the kinase activity and phosphorylation of HER2 protein, but these effects were weaker than those of the other HER2 driver mutation. HER2 G776S did not activate HER2-downstream signal pathways, such as ERK and AKT phosphorylation, in cells with wild-type APC (HeLa and FHC cells). By contrast, HER2 G776S increased the activation of HER2 downstream signaling, especially ERK phosphorylation, and anchorage-independent cell growth in cells with an APC mutation (CACO-2 and COLO-320) and APC-knockout HeLa cells. Wild-type APC overexpression in HER2 G776S-transfected COLO-320 cells neutralized ERK phosphorylation. Loss of APC function increased Wnt pathway activity but also increased RAS–GTP, which increased ERK phosphorylation triggered by HER2 G776S transfection. Afatinib, a pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited tumor growth of HER2 G776S-transfected COLO-320 xenografts
Conclusions

HER2 G776S mutation acts as a weak oncogenic driver, but it also increases HER2–ERK signaling activity by increasing RAS–GTP production when APC function is simultaneously impaired. These results suggest that even weakly active mutations may be therapeutic targets, and the use of this strategy may contribute to the development of HER2-targeted therapy for colorectal cancer.
Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Case Related to COVID-19
Authors: Korkmaz Müge Özçelik , Güven Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Although the most common neuro-otolaryngological findings associated with COVID-19 infection are chemosensory changes, it should be known that these patients may present with different clinical findings.Case summary: We present a 57-year-old woman who developed progressive hoarseness while suffering from COVID-19 infection without a history of chronic disease or any other etiological cause. Laryngeal fiberscopy revealed left vocal cord fixed at the cadaveric position and there was 5-6 mm intraglottic gap during phonation. No other etiological cause was found in the examinations performed with detailed ear nose throat examination, neurological evaluations and imaging methods. Injection laryngoplasty was applied to the patient, and voice therapy was initiated, resulting in significant improvement in voice quality.Discussion: The mechanism of the idiopatic vocal cord paralysis remains unclear, it is suspected to be related to COVID-19 neuropathy, because the patient had no preexisting vascular risk factors or evidence of other neurologic disease on neuroimaging. Laryngeal nerve palsies may represent part of the neurologic spectrum of COVID-19.Conclusion: The possibility of the peripheral nerves damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, vocal cord paralysis should be considered when voice changes occur during COVID 19 infection.
Prognostic Significance of Intra-tumoral Budding in Serous Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Hachisuga Toru , Murakami Midori , Harada Hiroshi , Ueda Taeko , Kurita Tomoko , Kagami Seiji , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Tajiri Ryosuke , Hisaoka Masanori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intra-tumoral budding (ITB) has been well demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in colorectal carcinoma. This study investigated the prognostic significance of ITB in serous ovarian carcinomas (SOCs). The medical records and slides of 84 SOCs, including 13 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), were retrospectively reviewed. The following clinicopathological parameters were noted: age at the diagnosis, CA125 level, 2014 FIGO stage, architectural grade, nuclear grade, presence of ITB, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), mitotic index and lymph node metastasis. ITB was found in 65 (77.4%) of the 84 SOCs. The presence of ITB was significantly correlated with a higher level of CA125, an advanced 2014 FIGO stage, a worse architectural grade, and the presence of LVSI. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 20 months in women with SOC with ITB and 38 months in women with SOC without ITB (P<0.01), and their median overall survival (OS) was 52 months and 72 months (P=0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that ITB was not an independent prognostic factor. ITB is a cost-effective prognostic indicator for women with SOC and ITB in ovarian tumor tissue is considered a useful histological biomarker of the progression of SOCs.
Plasma Inflammatory Cytokines and Depressed Patients With Comorbid Pain: Improvement by Ketamine
Authors: Zhou Yanling , Wang Chengyu , Lan Xiaofeng , Li Hanqiu , Chao Ziyuan , Ning Yuping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression and pain frequently coexist clinically. Ketamine has analgesic and antidepressant effects, but few studies have evaluated individual differences in antidepressant outcomes to repeated ketamine in depressed patients with comorbid pain. Our aims were to determine the difference in ketamine’s antidepressant effects in depressed patients with or without pain and then to examine whether inflammatory cytokines might contribute to ketamine’s effect. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with major depressive disorder received six infusions of ketamine. Plasma levels of 19 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at baseline and post-infusion (day 13 and day 26) using the Luminex assay. Plasma inflammatory cytokines of sixty healthy controls (HCs) were also examined. Results: At baseline, the levels of GM-CSF, IL-1β and IL-6 were higher in pain group than in non-pain and HC groups. Pain group had better antidepressant outcomes than non-pain group. Pain group showed a greater decrease in IL-6 at day 13 and a greater decrease in IL-10, MIP-3α, IL-1β, IL-5 and IL-6 at day 26 than non-pain group. In the pain group, the changes in IL-6 levels were associated with improvement in pain intensity (β=0.347, t=2.159, P=0.038) and depressive symptoms (β=0.590, t=4.201, P<0.001) at day 13. The Sobel test showed indirect effects between decreases in IL-6 levels and improvement in depressive symptoms (Z=2.026, P=0.043).Conclusion: This study suggested that an elevated inflammatory response plays a key role in individual differences in depressed patients with or without pain. Ketamine showed great antidepressant and analgesic effects in depressed patients with pain, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Local and global energy barriers for chiral domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnet-ferromagnet lateral junctions
Authors: Yoon Jiho , Yang See-Hun , Jeon Jae-Chun , Migliorini Andrea , Kostanovskiy Ilya , Parkin Stuart 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current induced manipulation of chiral spin textures is of great interest for both fundamental research and technological applications1–3. Of particular interest are magnetic non-volatile memories formed from synthetic antiferromagnetic racetracks in which chiral composite domain walls (DWs), that act as data bits, can be efficiently moved by current4. However, overcoming the trade-off between energy efficiency, namely a low threshold current density to move the domain walls, and high thermal stability, remains a major challenge for the development of integrated chips with high reliability and low power consumption. Here we show that chiral DWs5–7 in a synthetic antiferromagnet-ferromagnet lateral junction, formed by local plasma oxidation, are highly stable against large magnetic fields whilst the DWs can be efficiently moved across the junction by current. Our approach takes advantage of the locality of current-driven torque on the small volume of a chiral DW and the globality of field-torque in the energy landscape, thereby leading to fundamentally distinct energy barriers for motion and stability. We find that the threshold current can be further decreased by tilting the junction across the racetrack while not affecting the high DW stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chiral DWs can be robustly confined within a ferromagnet region sandwiched on both their sides by synthetic antiferromagnets and yet can be readily injected into these regions by current. Our findings break the aforementioned trade-off between efficiency and stability, allowing for diverse and versatile DW-based memory, and logic, and beyond.
The “Pink Pattern” Visualized in Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging is a New Feature of Early Gastric Differentiated Cancer——A Bridge Between Endoscopic Image and Histopathological Change
Authors: Chen Shengsen , Yu Jiangping , Ruan Rongwei , Tao Yali , Cui Zhao , Li Yandong , Shen Cheng , Jin Jiayan , Chen Ming , Jin Chaohui , Wang Shi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

A pink color change found occasionally by us under the magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) may be a special feature of early gastric cancer (EGC), and it was named as “pink pattern”. The purposes of this study were to reveal the relationship between the “pink pattern” and the cytopathological changes of gastric cancer cells, and explore whether the pink pattern was useful for the diagnosis of EGC.
Methods

The color features of ME-NBI images and pathological images on gastric cancerous mucosal surface were extracted and quantized, and then the cosine similarity was calculated to evaluate the correlation between the pink pattern and the nucleus-to-plasm ratio of cancerous epithelial cells. Two diagnostic tests were performed by 12 endoscopists using stored ME-NBI images of 185 gastric lesions to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of “pink pattern” for EGC. The diagnostic values such as area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) between test 1 and test 2 were compared.
Results

The cosine similarity in 20 lesions between the color values of ME-NBI images and pathological images was at least 0.744. The median AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of test 2 were significantly improved compared with that of test 1 in all endoscopists, junior and experienced groups.
Conclusions

The “pink pattern” visualized in ME-NBI images is highly correlated with the nucleus-to-plasma ratio change of gastric epithelial cells, and it can be considered as a useful marker for the diagnosis of the differentiated EGC.