bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations in paediatric echocardiography: A green light?
Authors: Gordon Justin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe performance of paediatric and congenital heart disease echocardiography requires extensive knowledge of all cardiac anomalies and their physiologic interactions along with an understanding of the surgical or interventional procedures used in the treatment of these lesions. This knowledge is gained through a supervised training program and ongoing performance of paediatric echocardiography supported by an appropriate quality assurance program. Studies have shown a high incidence of errors in paediatric echocardiography when performed by those with limited exposure to this speciality, highlighting the need for appropriate referral of patients with suspected congenital heart disease. With the recent publication of Recommendations for the Adult Cardiac Sonographer Performing Echocardiography to Screen for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in the Newborn from the American Society of Echocardiography, this commentary aims to address the perception that these recommendations may provide the key points necessary for adult trained echocardiographers to perform diagnostic echocardiography in patients with suspected critical congenital heart disease.
Extraction, Purification, Characterization, and Bioactive Properties of Polysaccharides from Sphallerocarpus gracilis
Authors: Li Yan , Assani Israa , Wang Jia‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Gu , Sun Bo , Liu Ling‐Fei , Wang Mu‐Xuan , Chen Zhi , Liao Zhi‐Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFour new polysaccharides, SGP‐1‐4, are isolated and purified from Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) . The monosaccharide analysis revealed that the isolated polysaccharides are composed of different molar ratios of glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), mannose (Man), and arabinose (Ara). Congo red test showed that no triple helical structure is detected in SGP‐1‐4. The Zeta potentials of SGP‐1‐4 are negative. The antioxidant activities are evaluated using DPPH and Superoxide radical assays. In vitro antitumor activities are investigated by MTT assay and Calcein‐AM/PI staining confocal imaging. The hypolipidemic activities are measured by the bile‐salt binding capacity in vitro. The results indicated that SGP‐1‐4 possessed significant antioxidant and hypolipidemic abilities. At the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, the purified polysaccharides possess no significant effects against MGC‐803 (Human gastric cancer cells), A2780 (Human ovarian cancer cells), T24 (Human bladder cancer cells), CNE‐2 (Human nasopharyngeal cancer cells), and 4T1 (Mouse breast cancer cells) tumor cells in vitro. However, the SGP‐2 shows potential as a DOX‐chemotherapy against 4T1 cells, which indicated that SGP‐2 could exert antitumor effects. These findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of S. gracilis polysaccharides as a natural antioxidant, antitumor, and hypolipidemic agent in industry.
“There are other ways to help besides using the stuff”: Using activity theory to understand dynamic student participation in small group science, technology, engineering, and mathematics activities
Authors: Wieselmann Jeanna R. , Dare Emily A. , Roehrig Gillian H. , Ring‐Whalen Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntegrated approaches to teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are increasingly being implemented in elementary and middle school classrooms, and despite a variety of conceptions of integrated STEM, researchers agree that small group activities and teamwork play a central role in STEM learning. However, little is known about how students participate in the small group portions of integrated STEM curricular units. In this study, a microvideo ethnography framed within activity theory was used to examine small group interactions among sixth‐grade students completing integrated STEM activities related to the properties of light. Students working in three different small groups (all‐girl, all‐boy, and mixed‐gender) were included in the analysis. Findings highlight differences in the activity systems across activity type (science vs. engineering) and across small groups, with students focusing on different objectives for completing STEM activities, utilizing different tools as they sought to reach their objectives, and dividing labor differently. Findings from this study suggest that these students, and girls in particular, were less prepared to navigate open‐ended engineering activities than highly structured science activities. Theoretical and practical implications for curriculum development and pedagogical strategies are discussed.
Humeral intracondylar fissures in French bulldogs
Authors: Strohmeier Ulrike W. , Harris Karen P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrench bulldogs have previously been reported to be at an increased risk of developing humeral condylar fractures (HCF). Humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) are thought to be a predisposing factor for HCF occurrence in skeletally mature dogs particularly when the fracture occurs during normal activity. We hypothesised that HIF may be a predisposing factor for HCF in French bulldogs.MethodsA retrospective case series of nine French bulldogs that had sustained HCF and where CT was performed prior to surgery.ResultsFive of the fractured humeri had sclerosis adjacent to the fracture site. Six of the contralateral intact humeri were diagnosed with HIF on the basis of a partial (2/6) or complete (4/6) hypoattenuating area extending between the distal articular surface and the supratrochlear foramen in the sagittal plane, with adjacent sclerosis (6/6).ConclusionsRecognition of sclerosis at the intracondylar fracture surface on CT can prompt suspicion that HIF preceded HCF. A predisposing HIF has potentially great clinical significance for this breed if we draw parallels with breeds such as the springer spaniel for whom HIF and HIF‐associated condylar fracture is well documented.
Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) in south‐central Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Roshan B. , Adhikari Dhakal Madhuri , Thapa Santosh , Ghimire Tirth R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasites have a significant impact on productivity of pigs. Additionally, presence of zoonotic parasites in pig faeces used as fertilizer and ingestion of raw or undercooked pork products originated from parasite‐infested pigs pose a risk to human health.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal.MethodsFresh faecal samples (n = 100) were collected from the pigs of varying age and sex maintained in 18 small‐scale farms in south‐central Nepal. Samples were processed using various standard methods and examined for parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts.ResultsPrevalence of GI parasites in indigenous pigs was 91%, comprising of 14 different genera of protozoans and helminths. Male pigs generally had a higher (97.5%) prevalence of GI parasites than females (87%). While 90% of the suckling and weaner piglets were positive for the GI parasites, all growers and 85% the adult pigs were infected with the parasites. Entamoeba spp. were the primary protozoans in all age groups. Strongyloides sp. was more prevalent helminths in suckling and weaner piglets, whereas Ascarid spp. were higher in both growers and adults. Triplet infection was higher (33.3%) in suckling and weaner piglets, while quadruplet and pentuplet infections were higher (p < .05) among growers (46.7%) and adults (30%), respectively.ConclusionsThe indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites. GI parasitism varies by sex and age of the pigs.
Foreign body reaction to ruptured follicular cysts in dogs
Authors: Kim Ha‐Jung , Cho Kyoung‐Oh , Baek Yeong‐Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous cysts are common in dogs, and surgical resection is the recommended treatment. However, additional therapy may be required for ruptured follicular cysts with severe cutaneous complications.Case presentationA 3‐year‐old neutered male Samoyed was presented with multifocal masses on the forelimbs. A 5‐year‐old neutered female Maltese was also presented with multiple masses and ruptured lesions, which were ulcerative and painful, around the parotid and submandibular glands. The lesions were examined cytologically. In addition, bacterial and fungal cultures and histopathologic examination were performed. Cutaneous multifocal nodules in the Samoyed could not be diagnosed via cytological examination or bacterial/fungal culture. Histopathology revealed numerous follicular cysts with multiple pyogranulomas of various sizes, some of which contained central keratin debris. In the Maltese, cytologic examination revealed central keratins or enucleated ghost cells in the intact cysts and few keratinized squamous cells mixed with neutrophils, mucus and metachromatic cells in the ruptured cysts. Histopathologic examination revealed severely dilated follicular cysts. Oral steroid and cyclosporine therapy resulted in marked improvement in the aseptic pyogranulomas after 2 weeks in formal case and combined with a surgery for residual cysts in latter case.ConclusionsWe have reported two canine cases of ruptured follicular cysts causing foreign body‐like aseptic pyogranulomas around cutaneous tissues and their successful management with pharmacological therapy and surgery.
Diagnostic imaging and pathological findings of an abdominal mesenteric granular cell tumour in a dog
Authors: Ororbia Alejandro , Sanz Alba , Novellas Rosa , Pastor Josep , Pumarola Marti , Fresno Laura , Espada Yvonne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 12‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog was presented for a follow‐up examination after ablation of an auricular mast cell tumour. An abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography were performed and an irregular, ill‐defined and partially mineralised lesion was observed around the caudal duodenal flexure without evidence of metastasis. The cytologic examination was highly suggestive of a granular cell tumour. Partial surgical ablation with histological and immunohistochemical examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. According to our review of the literature, this is the first report documenting an abdominal granular cell tumour in a dog.
Characterizing laboratory‐scale clinoptilolite bio‐columns for removal and nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen in simulated stormwater
Authors: Khorsha Golnaz , Kjellerup Birthe V. , Davis Allen P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to the diverse speciation and biochemical characteristics of nitrogen in urban runoff, excess nitrogen continues to be a major source of eutrophication in receiving waters. The performance of a nitrifying‐sorptive Clinoptilolite (ZT) was examined for use in a media‐based stormwater control measure (SCM) for ammonium removal. Results suggested that columns operated under continuous feed showed more nitrification as the media approached ammonium exhaustion. Influent concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg NH4+‐N/L tested under continuous flow regimes both showed steady‐state operation after media exhaustion, with the average effluent [NO3—N] of 1.2 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. The performance of the media under intermittent flow regime showed lower effluent ammonium, nitrification between simulated saturated periods, and could treat an additional 70 bed volumes of simulated runoff when compared to a column receiving identical continuous feed. However, nitrification was not sufficient to prevent desorption of ammonium during drops in influent NH4+‐N concentrations. Use of Clinoptilolite for ammonium sorption/nitrification is a systematic approach for capture and transformation of incoming/mineralized ammonium to nitrate prior to reaching an anoxic/denitrifying zone within SCMs.Practitioner Points

Clinoptilolite can accumulate stormwater ammonium, allowing it to be nitrified.
Ammonium nitrification will regenerate exchange sites on the clinoptilolite.
Intermittent flow conditions allowed more nitrification between stormwater events.
Plantwise: A Knowledge and Intelligence Tool for Food Security through Crop Protection
Authors: Beverley Claire , Thakur Manju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood security continues to be significantly impacted by a growing world population, changing climate, increasing food prices and environmental burden. One of the key challenges in reducing crop losses due to pests and diseases is timely delivery of appropriate, actionable extension advice to farmers. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to improve services that connect smallholder farmers to new resources and information, helping to build their knowledge and ultimately improve their livelihoods. Such ICT-driven services have seen rapid growth over the past few years, and CABI has been harnessing this technology in several programmes. This chapter provides insight into digital interventions of the global, CABI-led programme, Plantwise, which aims to assist stakeholders in developing countries to improve their plant health systems by strengthening linkages among all actors involved, so that they can prevent and manage pest outbreaks more effectively. An overview of digital interventions piloted and tested under the umbrella of the Plantwise programme is illustrated with selected case studies. Interventions include pest diagnosis and management advice delivered via a website, plant health data collection, using a customized mobile application, and educational simulation games for ongoing support.
Phase transition gravitational waves from pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Cai Chengfeng , Jiang Xue-Min , Tang Yi-Lei , Yu Zhao-Huan , Zhang Hong-Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the potential stochastic gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transitions in a model with pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets. The dark matter candidate can naturally evade direct detection bounds, and can achieve the observed relic abundance via the thermal mechanism. Three scalar fields in the model obtain vacuum expectation values, related to phase transitions at the early Universe. We search for the parameter points that can cause first-order phase transitions, taking into account the existed experimental constraints. The resulting gravitational wave spectra are further evaluated. Some parameter points are found to induce strong gravitational wave signals, which have the opportunity to be detected in future space-based interferometer experiments LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
Properties of RG interfaces for 2D boundary flows
Authors: Konechny Anatoly 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider RG interfaces for boundary RG flows in two-dimensional QFTs. Such interfaces are particular boundary condition changing operators linking the UV and IR conformal boundary conditions. We refer to them as RG operators. In this paper we study their general properties putting forward a number of conjectures. We conjecture that an RG operator is always a conformal primary such that the OPE of this operator with its conjugate must contain the perturbing UV operator when taken in one order and the leading irrelevant operator (when it exists) along which the flow enters the IR fixed point, when taken in the other order. We support our conjectures by perturbative calculations for flows between nearby fixed points, by a non-perturbative variational method inspired by the variational method proposed by J. Cardy for massive RG flows, and by numerical results obtained using boundary TCSA. The variational method has a merit of its own as it can be used as a first approximation in charting the global structure of the space of boundary RG flows. We also discuss the role of the RG operators in the transport of states and local operators. Some of our considerations can be generalised to two-dimensional bulk flows, clarifying some conceptual issues related to the RG interface put forward by D. Gaiotto for bulk 𝜙1,3 flows.
Probing the ∆U = 0 rule in three body charm decays
Authors: Dery Avital , Grossman Yuval , Schacht Stefan , Soffer Abner 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
CP violation in charm decay was observed in the decays D0→ P±P∓ of a D0 meson to two pseudoscalars. When interpreted within the SM, the results imply that the ratio of the relevant rescattering amplitudes has a magnitude and phase that are both of O(1). We discuss ways to probe similar ratios in D0→ V±P∓ decays, where V is a vector that decays to two pseudoscalars, from the Dalitz-plot analysis of time-integrated three-body decays. Compared to two-body decays, three-body decays have the advantage that the complete system can be solved without the need for time-dependent CP violation measurements or use of correlated $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

production. We discuss the decays D0→ π+π−π0 and D0→ K+K−π0 as examples by considering a toy model of only two overlapping charged resonances, treating the underlying pseudo two-body decays in full generality.
Triple Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider with Two Real Singlet scalars
Authors: Papaefstathiou Andreas , Robens Tania , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the production of three Higgs bosons in the Two Real Singlet extension of the Standard Model, where the scalar sector is augmented by two additional real scalar fields which are singlets under the Standard Model gauge group. The model contains three neutral CP-even scalars, allowing for resonant production and asymmetric decay chains. We focus on the signature pp → h3→ h1h2→ h1h1h1, where we identify h3 as the heaviest scalar state, h2 as the second heaviest and the lightest, h1, as the Standard Model-like Higgs boson discovered by the Large Hadron Collider experiments. The dominant final state occurs when all three Higgs bosons decay to bottom-anti-bottom quark pairs, h1→$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, leading to 6 b-jets. Taking into account all current theoretical and experimental constraints, we determine the discovery prospects for this channel in future runs of the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in the high-luminosity phase.
Two-point correlator of chiral primary operators with a Wilson line defect in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Barrat Julien , Liendo Pedro , Plefka Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the two-point function of the stress-tensor multiplet of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM in the presence of a line defect. To be more precise, we focus on the single-trace operator of conformal dimension two that sits in the 20′ irrep of the $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(6)R R-symmetry, and add a Maldacena-Wilson line to the configuration which makes the two-point function non-trivial. We use a combination of perturbation theory and defect CFT techniques to obtain results up to next-to-leading order in the coupling constant. Being a defect CFT correlator, there exist two (super)conformal block expansions which capture defect and bulk data respectively. We present a closed-form formula for the defect CFT data, which allows to write an efficient Taylor series for the correlator in the limit when one of the operators is close to the line. The bulk channel is technically harder and closed-form formulae are particularly challenging to obtain, nevertheless we use our analysis to check against well-known data of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. In particular, we recover the correct anomalous dimensions of a famous tower of twist-two operators (which includes the Konishi multiplet), and successfully compare the one-point function of the stress-tensor multiplet with results obtained using matrix-model techniques.
The role of the threshold variable in soft-gluon resummation of the $$ t\overline{t}h $$ production process
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Beenakker Wim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the role of the scale of the threshold variable in soft-gluon threshold resummation. We focus on the computation of the resummed total cross section, the final-state invariant-mass distribution, and transverse-momentum distribution of the Higgs boson when produced in association with a top-anti-top quark pair for the Large Hadron Collider operating at 13 TeV. We show that different choices for the scale of the threshold variable result in differences at next-to-leading power, i.e. contributions that are down by one power of the threshold variable. These contributions are noticeable numerically, although their effect on the resummed observables lies within the scale uncertainty of those observables. The average central results, obtained after combining several central- scale choices, agree remarkably well for different choices of the threshold variable. However, different threshold choices do affect the resulting scale uncertainty. To compute our results, we introduce a novel numerical method that we call the deformation method, which aids the stabilization of the inverse Mellin transform in cases where the analytical Mellin transform of the partonic cross section is unknown. We show that this method leads to a factor of 10 less function evaluations, while gaining a factor of 4 − 5 in numerical precision when compared to the standard method.
U(1) symmetry resolved entanglement in free 1+1 dimensional field theories via form factor bootstrap
Authors: Horváth Dávid X. , Capizzi Luca , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We generalise the form factor bootstrap approach to integrable field theories with U(1) symmetry to derive matrix elements of composite branch-point twist fields associated with symmetry resolved entanglement entropies. The bootstrap equations are solved for the free massive Dirac and complex boson theories, which are the simplest theories with U(1) symmetry. We present the exact and complete solution for the bootstrap, including vacuum expectation values and form factors involving any type and arbitrarily number of particles. The non-trivial solutions are carefully cross-checked by performing various limits and by the application of the ∆-theorem. An alternative and compact determination of the novel form factors is also presented. Based on the form factors of the U(1) composite branch-point twist fields, we re-derive earlier results showing entanglement equipartition for an interval in the ground state of the two models.
Chiral correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal quivers
Authors: Galvagno Francesco , Preti Michelangelo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider a family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories in four dimensions, defined as ℤq orbifolds of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We compute the chiral/anti-chiral correlation functions at a perturbative level, using both the matrix model approach arising from supersymmetric localisation on the four-sphere and explicit field theory calculations on the flat space using the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superspace formalism. We implement a highly efficient algorithm to produce a large number of results for finite values of N , exploiting the symmetries of the quiver to reduce the complexity of the mixing between the operators. Finally the interplay with the field theory calculations allows to isolate special observables which deviate from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 only at high orders in perturbation theory.