bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual color research of packaging design using sensory factors
Authors: Kuo Lungwen , Chang Tsuiyueh , Lai Chih‐Chun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPackage designs stimulate consumers visually and give rise to a sense of aesthetism, thus improving product visibility. In this study, emotions related to color combinations in packaging were addressed, cake packaging designs were tested, and affective design elements regarding styles and colors along with the diverse emotions that resulted were assessed and researched. Four experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 was on the affective characteristics related to types of colored boxes in packaging design; the best type of colored box for cakes was tested. In experiment 2, adjectives for emotions were compiled to identify adjectives for emotional responses to package designs. Experiment 3 was used to examine the fitness of single‐color boxes in packaging design; the colors of single‐color boxes were examined. In experiment 4, the focus was the fitness of dual‐color boxes in packaging design; an experiment on the best color combination was conducted with dual‐color boxes, and the results were then collected and analyzed to determine the fittest color combination for cake packaging design. According to the research findings, in the experiment on colored box types used in packaging design, the design with a five‐sided trapezoidal design was the most popular, followed by the colored box type with a rectangular handle in the middle; the selection of and experimentation on the adjectives for emotions revealed that Exquisite‐Rough was the fittest for the experiment, followed by Lively‐Dull; the fittest single‐color box was orange (Pantone715 C,L69.6,A37.0,B65.8), followed by gray (Pantone Gray Cool Gray 1C,L86.4,A0.1,B1.1); the fittest dual‐color box was in orange and orange red (Pantone Orange 021C, C,L60.0,A65.2,B71.4), followed by orange and black (Pantone Black C,L17.3,A0.8,B3.1). The experiment in this study focused on the color packaging of boxes for cakes; its results provide theoretical and practical references, for future research and orientation, regarding colors and types of colored boxes used for various products.
Kinetically Stable Nonequilibrium Gold‐Cobalt Alloy Nanoparticles with Magnetic and Plasmonic Properties Obtained by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Guadagnini Andrea , Agnoli Stefano , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Pilot Roberto , Ravelle‐Chapuis Régis , van Raap Marcela B. Fernández , Amendola Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonequilibrium nanoalloys are metastable solids obtained at the nanoscale under nonequilibrium conditions that allow the study of kinetically frozen atoms and the discovery of new physical and chemical properties. However, the stabilization of metastable phases in the nanometric size regime is challenging and the synthetic route should be easy and sustainable, for the nonequilibrium nanoalloys to be practically available. Here we report on the one‐step laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) of nonequilibrium Au−Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their characterization on ensembles and at the single nanoparticle level. The NPs are obtained as a polycrystalline solid solution stable in air and water, although surface cobalt atoms undergo oxidation to Co(II). Since gold is a renowned plasmonic material and metallic cobalt is ferromagnetic at room temperature, these properties are both found in the NPs. Besides, surface conjugation with thiolated molecules is possible and it was exploited to obtain colloidally stable solutions in water. Taking advantage of these features, an array of magnetic‐plasmonic dots was obtained and used for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering experiments. Overall, this study confirms that LASiS is an effective method for the formation of kinetically stable nonequilibrium nanoalloys and shows that Au−Co alloy NPs are appealing magnetically responsive plasmonic building blocks for several nanotechnological applications.
Dynamic Effects in Intramolecular Schmidt Reactions: Entropy, Electrostatic Drag, and Selectivity Prediction
Authors: Sun Qing , Lu Xin , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectrostatic drag in the intramolecular Schmidt reactions of azidopropylcyclohexanones is characterized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and direct dynamics simulations. Despite resulting from enthalpically favorable interactions, electrostatic drag slows down N2 loss during formation of bridged lactam products, an effect with implications for controlling product selectivity.
Population‐Based Signals of Antidepressant Drug Interactions Associated With Unintentional Traumatic Injury
Authors: Leonard Charles E. , Brensinger Colleen M. , Acton Emily K. , Miano Todd A. , Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Horn John R. , Chung Sophie , Bilker Warren B. , Dublin Sascha , Soprano Samantha E. , Pham Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Manis Melanie M. , Oslin David W. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: February 2021

Antidepressants are very widely used and associated with traumatic injury, yet little is known about their potential for harmful drug interactions. We aimed to identify potential drug interaction signals by assessing concomitant medications (precipitant drugs) taken with individual antidepressants (object drugs) that were associated with unintentional traumatic injury. We conducted pharmacoepidemiologic screening of 2000–2015 Optum Clinformatics data, identifying drug interaction signals by performing self‐controlled case series studies for antidepressant + precipitant pairs and injury. We included persons aged 16–90 years codispensed an antidepressant and ≥ 1 precipitant drug(s), with an injury during antidepressant therapy. We classified antidepressant person‐days as either precipitant‐exposed or precipitant‐unexposed. The outcome was an emergency department or inpatient discharge diagnosis for unintentional traumatic injury. We used conditional Poisson regression to calculate confounder adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and accounted for multiple estimation via semi‐Bayes shrinkage. We identified 330,884 new users of antidepressants who experienced an injury. Among such persons, we studied concomitant use of 7,953 antidepressant + precipitant pairs. Two hundred fifty‐six (3.2%) pairs were positively associated with injury and deemed potential drug interaction signals; 22 of these signals had adjusted RRs > 2.00. Adjusted RRs ranged from 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.12, P = 0.04) for citalopram + gabapentin to 3.06 (1.42–6.60) for nefazodone + levonorgestrel. Sixty‐five (25.4%) signals are currently reported in a seminal drug interaction knowledgebase. We identified numerous new population‐based signals of antidepressant drug interactions associated with unintentional traumatic injury. Future studies, intended to test hypotheses, should confirm or refute these potential interactions.
Seed dispersal by carnivores in temperate and tropical dry forests
Authors: Rubalcava‐Castillo Fabián Alejandro , Sosa‐Ramírez Joaquín , Luna‐Ruíz José de Jesús , Valdivia‐Flores Arturo Gerardo , Íñiguez‐Dávalos Luis Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe seed dispersal mechanisms and regeneration of various forest ecosystems can benefit from the actions of carnivores via endozoochory. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of carnivores in endozoochory and diploendozoochory, as well as their effect on seed viability, scarification, and germination in two forest ecosystems: temperate and tropical dry forest. We collected carnivore scat in the Protected Natural Area of Sierra Fría in Aguascalientes, Mexico, for 2 years to determine the abundance and richness of seeds dispersed by each carnivore species, through scat analysis. We assessed seed viability through optical densitometry using X‐rays, analyzed seed scarification by measuring seed coat thickness using a scanning electron microscope, and evaluated seed germination in an experiment as the percentage of seeds germinated per carnivore disperser, plant species, and forest type. In the temperate forest, four plant species (but mainly Arctostaphylos pungens) were dispersed by four mammal species. The gray fox dispersed the highest average number of seeds per scat (66.8 seeds). Bobcat dispersed seeds through diploendozoochory, which was inferred from rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) hair detected in their scats. The tropical dry forest presented higher abundance of seeds and richness of dispersed plant species (four species) than in the temperate forest, and the coati dispersed the highest number of seeds (8,639 seeds). Endozoochory and diploendozoochory did not affect viability in thick‐testa seeds (1,480 µm) in temperate forest and thin‐testa seeds (281 µm) in tropical dry forest. Endozoochory improved the selective germination of seeds. Nine plant species were dispersed by endozoochory, but only one species (Juniperus sp.) by diploendozoochory. These results suggest that carnivores can perform an important ecological function by dispersing a great abundance of seeds, scarifying these seeds causing the formation of holes and cracks in the testas without affecting viability, and promoting the selective germination of seeds.
A Flexible and Porous Ferrocene‐Based Gallium MOF with MIL‐53 Architecture
Authors: Benecke Jannik , Fuß Alexander , Engesser Tobias A. , Stock Norbert , Reinsch Helge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new gallium based metal‐organic framework, denoted as Ga‐MIL‐53‐FcDC, with the chemical formula [Ga(OH)(FeC12H8O4)] was synthesized using the ferrocene containing linker molecule 1,1’‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H2FcDC, FeC12H10O4). The porous nature of the compound could be confirmed by nitrogen sorption and a specific surface area of 270 m2/g was determined. The persistence of the ferrocene complex inside the structure was confirmed by Mössbauer‐, EPR and UV/VIS‐spectroscopy. Ga‐MIL‐53‐FcDC shows structural flexibility depending on which guest molecule is located in the pores of the compound. The mechanism of structural flexibility was analyzed by means of powder X‐ray diffraction adsorbing pyrazine or iodine. The flexibility of the crystal structure can be attributed to the torsion of the GaO6 octahedra in the IBU respective to each other and the torsion of the carboxylate groups of FcDC2− relative to the aromatic ring.
Chromic Platinum Complexes Containing Multidentate Ligands
Authors: Soto Miguel A. , Kandel Raksha , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlatinum(II) complexes display versatile chromic behavior as a consequence of their square planar geometry, which enables intra‐ and intermolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions via open axial coordination sites. These metallophilic interactions are known to generate metal‐metal‐to‐ligand‐charge transfer (MMLCT) transitions, in addition to the ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LLCT) and metal‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (MLCT) transitions that are already present. The electronic properties of such complexes, and consequently the magnitude and intensity of these transitions, can be modulated by various functional groups as well as environmental factors, affording control over the color and luminescence. The responsive behavior of these complexes makes them attractive candidates for chromic devices with applications in memory, encryption, sensors, and optoelectronics. This Minireview summarizes the mechanisms and reversibility of optical chromism in platinum(II) complexes, with a focus on the recent developments in the literature.
Catalytic Synthesis of Dibenzazepines and Dibenzazocines by 7‐Exo‐ and 8‐Endo‐Dig‐Selective Cycloisomerization
Authors: Ito Mamoru , Takaki Asahi , Okamura Moeka , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 7‐exo‐ and 8‐endo‐dig‐selective gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of 2‐propargylamino biphenyl derivatives were developed. The reaction of terminal alkynes gave dibenzo[b,d]azepines by 7‐exo‐dig cycloisomerization. In contrast, when internal alkynes were subjected to the reaction, 8‐endo‐dig cycloisomerization proceeded to provide dibenzo[b,d]azocines. The nucleophilicity at the reaction site and the electron‐withdrawing effect of a tosyl group were important for the present selective transformation. This protocol could be used for ynamide substrates and a silver‐catalyzed reaction gave 7‐exo‐dig products selectively.
Stereoselective Organocatalytic Construction of Spiro Oxindole Pyrrolidines Using Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters and α‐Ketoamides
Authors: Peňaška Tibor , Palchykov Vitalii , Rakovský Erik , Addová Gabriela , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the stereoselective formation of spiro oxindole pyrrolidines via formal [3+2] cycloaddition of oxindole imines with ketoesters and ketoamides. Bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst was able to induce enantioselectivity of up to 60 % ee, increased to 72 % ee after re‐crystallization, in the formation of spiro pyrrolidines with ketoesters. Interestingly, ketoamides provided alternative spiro oxindole pyrrole products in addition to the main product, which was formed via a different reaction pathway. Structures of spiro oxindole pyrrolidine as well as pyrrole products were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Two new squaramide based catalysts were synthesized and tested. DFT calculation helped elucidate the reaction course.
MiRNA‐107 contributes to inflammatory pain by down‐regulating GLT‐1 expression in rat spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wu Rui , Xu Mei‐Jie , Sha Jie , Xu Guang‐Yin , Wu Jian , Zhang Ping‐An 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory pain is a severe clinical problem that affects the quality of life in patients. However, the currently available treatments for inflammatory pain have limited effect and even causes severe side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miRNA‐107 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) in the inflammatory pain of rats induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).MethodsPaw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of rats was measured by von Frey Filaments. The expressions of miRNA‐107 and GLT‐1 in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn (L4‐L6) were measured with real‐time quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and fluorescent‐immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expression of miRNA‐107, GLT‐1 and co‐location of miRNA‐107 with GLT‐1.ResultsInjection of CFA significantly reduced PWT of rats. The miRNA‐107 expression level was obviously up‐regulated while the GLT‐1 expression level was decreased in the spinal dorsal horn of CFA rats. miRNA‐107 and GLT‐1 were co‐expressed in the same cells of the spinal dorsal horn in CFA rats. Ceftriaxone, a selective activator of GLT‐1, obviously increased the PWT of CFA rats. Furthermore, antagomir of miRNA‐107 reversed the down‐regulation of GLT‐1 and alleviated CFA‐induced mechanical allodynia of CFA rats.ConclusionsThese results suggest that an increase of miR‐107 contributes to inflammatory pain through downregulating GLT‐1 expression, implying a promising strategy for pain therapy.SignificanceThe currently available treatments for inflammatory pain has limited effect even causes severe side effects. MiRNAs may have important diagnostic and therapeutic potential in inflammatory pain. In present study, we show a potential spinal mechanism of allodynia in rat inflammatory pain model induced by CFA. Increased miR‐107 contribute to inflammatory pain by targeting and downregulating GLT‐1 expression, implying a promising strategy for inflammatory pain.
The association between exposure to domestic abuse in women and the development of syndromes indicating central nervous system sensitization: A retrospective cohort study using UK primary care records
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Keerthy Deepiksana , Gokhale Krishna Margadhamane , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Raza Karim , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Taylor Julie , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDomestic abuse is a global public health issue. The association between the development of central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) and previous exposure to domestic abuse has been poorly understood particularly within European populations.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using the ‘The Health Improvement Network,’ (UK primary care medical records) between 1st January 1995–31st December 2018. 22,604 adult women exposed to domestic abuse were age matched to 44,671 unexposed women. The average age at cohort entry was 36 years and the median follow‐up was 2.5 years. The outcomes of interest were the development of a variety of syndromes which demonstrate central nervous system sensitization. Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and temporomandibular joint disorder outcomes have been reported previously. Outcomes were adjusted for the presence of mental ill health.ResultsDuring the study period, women exposed to domestic abuse experienced an increased risk of developing chronic lower back pain (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.28; 95% CI 1.85–2.80), chronic headaches (aIRR 3.15; 95% CI 1.07–9.23), irritable bowel syndrome (aIRR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25–1.60) and restless legs syndrome (aIRR 1.89; 95% CI 1.44–2.48). However, no positive association was seen with the development of interstitial cystitis (aIRR 0.52; 95% CI 0.14–1.93), vulvodynia (aIRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.14–1.25) and myofascial pain syndrome (aIRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.28–3.61).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the need to consider a past history of domestic abuse in patients presenting with CSS; and also consider preventative approaches in mitigating the risk of developing CSS following exposure to domestic abuse.SignificanceDomestic abuse is a global public health issue, with a poorly understood relationship with the development of complex pain syndromes. Using a large UK primary care database, we were able to conduct the first global cohort study to explore this further. We found a strong pain morbidity burden associated with domestic abuse, suggesting the need for urgent public health intervention to not only prevent domestic abuse but also the associated negative pain consequences.
Nearshore Sedimentary Mercury Concentrations Reflect Legacy Point Sources and Variable Sedimentation Patterns Under a Natural Recovery Strategy
Authors: Moir Katherine E. , Windle Matthew J.S. , Cumming Brian F. , Ridal Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The St. Lawrence River at Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, received substantial inputs of mercury from local, shoreline-based industries through much of the 20th century. Although emission controls were implemented in the late 20th century to reduce the influx of mercury and other metals entering the river, legacy contamination of riverine sediments continues to be a concern. Monitored natural recovery was prescribed in 2005 to remediate contaminated sediments; however, few surveys have been undertaken to examine its effectiveness on shallow, nearshore sediments in contaminated areas. Surface sediments were collected at shallow, nearshore sites in contaminated zones and upstream reference areas to evaluate the current state of sedimentary contamination of mercury and other metals. A Getis–Ord Gi* “hot spot” analysis was employed to assess the spatial distribution of contaminants. In addition, 3 sediment cores were collected from contaminated zones and dated using radioisotopes (210Pb) to assess sedimentation patterns over time. Results indicated that surface sediments from contaminated zones remained elevated in mercury relative to reference sites but spatial distribution of contaminants was highly heterogeneous. Dated sediment cores suggested that sedimentation was not occurring consistently across all areas; variable sedimentation and resuspension patterns over small spatial scales were likely factors driving heterogeneous sedimentary contamination. Such patterns complicate remediation strategies because unburied sediments may serve as continuing sources of contaminants to the ecosystem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1788–1799. © 2021 SETAC
Radioactive iodine therapy may not improve disease‐specific survival in follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer without distant metastasis: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Zheng Xun , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Wei Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is effective in improving disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC) without distant metastasis remains unclear.MethodsPatients with FVPTC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate DSS. Propensity score‐matched analysis was performed to reduce the influence of confounding bias.ResultsRAI did not improve DSS, even in patients with aggressive features such as T4 classification (p = 0.658), extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.083), lateral lymph node metastasis (p = 0.544), and ≥5 metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.599).ConclusionRAI did not affect DSS in patients with FVPTC without distant metastases in this SEER database study. Multicenter, prospective studies including recurrence and molecular information should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of RAI on FVPTC.
Linoleic Acid‐Derived Oxylipins Differentiate Early Stage Alcoholic Hepatitis From Mild Alcohol‐Associated Liver Injury
Authors: Warner Dennis , Vatsalya Vatsalya , Zirnheld Kara H. , Warner Jeffrey B. , Hardesty Josiah E. , Umhau John C. , McClain Craig J. , Maddipati Krishnarao , Kirpich Irina A. 
Published: February 2021

Alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is an acute and often severe form of ALD with substantial morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms and mediators of ALD progression and severity are not well understood, and effective therapeutic options are limited. Various bioactive lipid mediators have recently emerged as important factors in ALD pathogenesis. The current study aimed to examine alterations in linoleic acid (LA)‐derived lipid metabolites in the plasma of individuals who are heavy drinkers and to evaluate associations between these molecules and markers of liver injury and systemic inflammation. Analysis of plasma LA‐derived metabolites was performed on 66 individuals who were heavy drinkers and 29 socially drinking but otherwise healthy volunteers. Based on plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, 15 patients had no liver injury (ALT ≤ 40 U/L), 33 patients had mild liver injury (ALT > 40 U/L), and 18 were diagnosed with moderate AH (mAH) (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score <20). Lipoxygenase‐derived LA metabolites (13‐hydroxy‐octadecadienoic acid [13‐HODE] and 13‐oxo‐octadecadienoic acid) were markedly elevated only in patients with mAH. The cytochrome P450‐derived LA epoxides 9,10‐epoxy‐octadecenoic acid (9,10‐EpOME) and 12,13‐EpOME were decreased in all patients regardless of the presence or absence of liver injury. LA‐derived diols 9,10‐dihydroxy‐octadecenoic acid (9,10‐DiHOME) and 12,13‐DiHOME as well as the corresponding diol/epoxide ratio were elevated in the mAH group, specifically compared to patients with mild liver injury. We found that 13‐HODE and 12,13‐EpOME (elevated and decreased, respectively) in combination with elevated interleukin‐1β as independent predictors can effectively predict altered liver function as defined by elevated bilirubin levels. Conclusion: Specific changes in LA metabolites in individuals who are heavy drinkers can distinguish individuals with mAH from those with mild ALD.