bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Salem simulator version 2.0: a tool for predicting the productivity of pure and mixed forest stands and simulating management operations
Authors: Aussenac Raphaël , Pérot Thomas , Fortin Mathieu , de Coligny Francois , Monnet Jean-Matthieu , Vallet Patrick 
Published: November 2021

A growing body of research suggests mixed-species stands are generally more productive than pure stands as well as less sensitive to disturbances. However, these effects of mixture depend on species assemblages and environmental conditions. Here, we present the Salem simulator, a tool that can help forest managers assess the potential benefit of shifting from pure to mixed stands from a productivity perspective. Salem predicts the dynamics of pure and mixed even-aged stands and makes it possible to simulate management operations. Its purpose is to be a decision support tool for forest managers and stakeholders as well as for policy makers. It is also designed to conduct virtual experiments and help answer research questions. In Salem, we parameterised the growth in pure stand of 12 common tree species of Europe and we assessed the effect of mixture on species growth for 24 species pairs (made up of the 12 species mentioned above). Thus, Salem makes it possible to compare the productivity of 36 different pure and mixed stands depending on environmental conditions and user-defined management strategies. Salem is essentially based on the analysis of National Forest Inventory data. A major outcome of this analysis is that we found species mixture most often increases species growth, in particular at the poorest sites. Independently from the simulator, foresters and researchers can also consider using the species-specific models that constitute Salem: the growth models including or excluding mixture effect, the bark models, the diameter distribution models, the circumference-height relationship models, as well as the volume equations for the 12 parameterised species. Salem runs on Windows, Linux, or Mac. Its user-friendly graphical user interface makes it easy to use for non-modellers. Finally, it is distributed under a LGPL license and is therefore free and open source.
Digital twins for managing railway maintenance and resilience
Authors: Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Sresakoolchai Jessada , Lin Yi-hsuan 
Published: November 2021

Background: To improve railway construction and maintenance, a novel digital twin that helps stakeholders visualize, share data, and monitor the progress and the condition during services is required. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digitalization tool, which adopts an interoperable concept that benefits the whole life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the project. BIM’s applications create higher performance on cost efficiency and optimal time schedule, helping to reduce any unexpected consumption and waste over the life cycle of the infrastructure. Methods: The digital twin will be developed using BIM embedded by the lifecycle analysis method. A case study based on Taipei Metro (TM) has been conducted to enhance the performance in operation and maintenance. Life cycles of TM will be assessed and complied with ISO14064. Operation and maintenance activities will be determined from official records provided by TM. Material flows, stocks, and potential risks in the LCA are analyzed using BIM quantification embedded by risk data layer obtained from TM. Greenhouse emission, cost consumption and expenditure will be considered for integration into the BIM. Results: BIM demonstrated strong potential to enable a digital twin for managing railway maintenance and resilience. Based on the case study, a key challenge for BIM in Taiwan is the lack of insights, essential data, and construction standards, and thus the practical adoption of BIM for railway maintenance and resilience management is still in the design phase. Conclusions: This study exhibits a practical paradigm of the digital twin for railway maintenance and resilience improvement. It will assist all stakeholders to engage in the design, construction, and maintenance enhancing the reduction in life cycle cost, energy consumption and carbon footprint. New insight based on the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit system is highly valuable for railway industry globally by increasing the lifecycle sustainability and improving resilience of railway systems.
Anti-symmetric Compton scattering in LiNiPO4: Towards a direct probe of the magneto-electric multipole moment
Authors: Bhowal Sayantika , O'Neill Daniel , Fechner Michael , Spaldin Nicola A. , Staub Urs , Duffy Jon , Collins Stephen P. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Magnetoelectric multipoles, which break both space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, play an important role in the magnetoelectric response of a material. Motivated by uncovering the underlying fundamental physics of the magnetoelectric multipoles and the possible technological applications of magnetoelectric materials, understanding as well as detecting such magnetoelectric multipoles has become an active area of research in condensed matter physics. Here we employ the well-established Compton scattering effect as a possible probe for the magnetoelectric toroidal moments in LiNiPO4. Methods: We employ combined theoretical and experimental techniques to compute as well as detect the antisymmetric Compton profile in LiNiPO4. For the theoretical investigation we use density functional theory to compute the anti-symmetric part of the Compton profile for the magnetic and structural ground state of LiNiPO4. For the experimental verification, we measure the Compton signals for a single magnetoelectric domain sample of LiNiPO4, and then again for the same sample with its magnetoelectric domain reversed. We then take the difference between these two measured signals to extract the antisymmetric Compton profile in LiNiPO4. Results: Our theoretical calculations indicate an antisymmetric Compton profile in the direction of the ty toroidal moment in momentum space, with the computed antisymmetric profile around four orders of magnitude smaller than the total profile. The difference signal that we measure is consistent with the computed profile, but of the same order of magnitude as the statistical errors and systematic uncertainties of the experiment. Conclusions: While the weak difference signal in the measurements prevents an unambiguous determination of the antisymmetric Compton profile in LiNiPO4, our results motivate further theoretical work to understand the factors that influence the size of the antisymmetric Compton profile, and to identify materials exhibiting larger effects.
Detecting Bots and Assessing Their Impact in Social Networks
Authors: des Mesnards Nicolas Guenon , Hunter David Scott , el Hjouji Zakaria , Zaman Tauhid 
Published: November 2021

Bots Impact Opinions in Social Networks: Let’s Measure How Much There is a serious threat posed by bots that try to manipulate opinions in social networks. In “Assessing the Impact of Bots on Social Networks,” Nicolas Guenon des Mesnards, David Scott Hunter, Zakaria el Hjouiji, and Tauhid Zaman present a new set of operational capabilities to detect these bots and measure their impact. They developed an algorithm based on the Ising model from statistical physics to find coordinating gangs of bots in social networks. They then created an algorithm based on opinion dynamics models to quantify the impact that bots have on opinions in a social network. They applied their algorithms to a variety of real social network data sets. They found that, for topics such as Brexit, the bots had little impact, whereas for topics such as the U.S. presidential debate and the Gilets Jaunes protests in France, the bots had a significant impact.
The variation in hip stability measurements between supine and standing radiographs of dysplastic hips
Authors: Bhanushali Ameya , Chimutengwende-Gordon Mukai , Beck Martin , Callary Stuart Adam , Costi Kerry , Howie Donald W. , Solomon Lucian Bogdan 
Published: November 2021

Aims The aims of this study were to compare clinically relevant measurements of hip dysplasia on radiographs taken in the supine and standing position, and to compare Hip2Norm software and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)-derived digital radiological measurements. Methods Preoperative supine and standing radiographs of 36 consecutive patients (43 hips) who underwent periacetabular osteotomy surgery were retrospectively analyzed from a single-centre, two-surgeon cohort. Anterior coverage (AC), posterior coverage (PC), lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), acetabular inclination (AI), sharp angle (SA), pelvic tilt (PT), retroversion index (RI), femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, femoroepiphyseal horizontal angle (FEHA), leg length discrepancy (LLD), and pelvic obliquity (PO) were analyzed using both Hip2Norm software and PACS-derived measurements where applicable. Results Analysis of supine and standing radiographs resulted in significant variation for measurements of PT (p < 0.001) and AC (p = 0.005). The variation in PT correlated with the variation in AC in a limited number of patients (R2 = 0.378; p = 0.012). Conclusion The significant variation in PT and AC between supine and standing radiographs suggests that it may benefit surgeons to have both radiographs when planning surgical correction of hip dysplasia. We also recommend using PACS-derived measurements of AI and SA due to the poor interobserver error on Hip2Norm. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1662–1668.
Floor and ceiling effects in the Oxford Shoulder Score
Authors: Singh Harvinder P. , Haque Aziz , Taub Nick , Modi Amit , Armstrong Alison , Rangan Amar , Pandey Radhakant 
Published: November 2021

Aims The main objective of this study was to examine whether the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) demonstrated floor or ceiling effects when used to measure outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty in a large national cohort. Secondary objectives were to assess its pain and function subscales, and to identify independent predictors for patients achieving a postoperative ceiling score following shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Secondary database analysis of the National Joint Registry (NJR), which included 48,270 patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the OSS. Secondary outcome measures were the OSS-Function Component Subscale and OSS-Pain Component Subscale. Floor and ceiling effects were considered to be present if > 15% of patients scored either the lowest or highest possible score. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for scoring the highest possible OSS score postoperatively. Results Preoperatively, 1% of patients achieved the lowest possible OSS score (0) and 0.4% of patients achieved the highest possible score (48). Postoperatively, < 1% of patients achieved the lowest score at all timepoints, but the percentage achieving the highest score at six months was 8.3%, at three years 16.9%, and at five years 17%. Male patients, those aged between 60 and 89 years, and those undergoing an anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) were more likely to contribute to the ceiling effect seen in the OSS questionnaire. Pain and function subscales exhibited greater ceiling effects at three years and five years when compared with the overall OSS questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, procedure type, and preoperative OSS score were independent predictors for scoring the highest possible OSS at years. Conclusion Based on NJR patient-reported outcome measures data, the OSS does not exhibit a ceiling effect at six months, but does at three years and five years, in part due to outcome scores of ATSA. Preoperative OSS, age, male sex, and ATSA are independent predictors of achieving a ceiling score. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1717–1724.
Analytical Solution to FRW Metric with Variable Speed of Light
Authors: Joseph Gabriel W. , Targema Terkaa Victor , Kanu M. O. 
Published: November 2021

<p>According to the principle of general covariance, the laws of physics are the same in all reference frames. The controversial theory of the Varying Speed of Light (VSL) contradicts the principle of general covariance. Fortunately the VLS theory explains some crucial issues in cosmology such as Lorentz variance, biometric theories, locally Lorentz variance, cosmological constant problem, horizon<em> </em>and flatness<em> </em>problems. Also, recent astronomical observations from quasar show that the fine structural constant depends on redshift and therefore, varies with cosmological time. In other to harness this fascinating and published knowledge, two models where used in this work. 1. Cosmology with variables c; here the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) is used in the Einstein field equation with variable c and Λ terms to obtain the scale factor, which shows the continuous exponential expansion of the universe. 2. Variation of the speed of light as a function of the scale factor of the universe; here we obtained: a good approximation to estimate the current age of the universe. The scale factor of the universe depends its content given by the equation of state parameter ω. We obtained the deceleration parameter in terms of the Hubble parameter. We arrived at a conclusion that the universe was decelerating at ω = 1, accelerating at ω = 1/3 and the Hubble parameter diverges at the beginning and end of the universe.</p>
Highly coherent visible supercontinuum generation in a micrometer-core borosilicate glass photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Han Feng , Wei Chengli , Hu Jonathan , Shi Jindan , Feng Xian 
Published: November 2021

Highly coherent visible supercontinuum (SC) sources are demanded for many applications such as bio-sensing and imaging. Either dispersion management on the fiber or optimizing ultrafast pulsed pump parameters can work for achieving broadband coherent fiber SC. Normally, highly coherent SC with medium bandwidth can be obtained in an all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which has normal dispersion for all the wavelengths by tailoring the structure parameters of the microstructured cladding to sub-wavelength scale. Hence, such an ANDi fiber requires a submicron core diameter, and it makes precise fabrication challenging. Instead, using a standard anomalous dispersion pumping scheme and an ultrafast pulsed pump source, broadband SC with a high degree of coherence can also be obtained. In this study, we report broadband visible SC with a high degree of coherence approaching unity in a low-index borosilicate glass air-suspended PCF with a micrometer-core diameter, by the anomalous dispersion pumping scheme. The pulse duration of the 800 nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser is 29 fs. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations, indicating that ultrashort pump pulses are the primary cause for the high degree of the generated visible SC, while the weak Raman effect of the borosilicate glass host plays a non-negligible but secondary role in the procedure of coherent SC generation.
Free-space coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with low dark counts
Authors: Mueller Andrew S. , Korzh Boris , Runyan Marcus , Wollman Emma E. , Beyer Andrew D. , Allmaras Jason P. , Velasco Angel E. , Craiciu Ioana , Bumble Bruce , Briggs Ryan M. , Narvaez Lautaro , Peña Cristián , Spiropulu Maria , Shaw Matthew D. 
Published: November 2021

A free-space coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with high efficiency at 1550 nm, sub-0.1 Hz dark count rate, and sub-15 ps timing jitter is demonstrated.
Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
Authors: Redondo-Bravo Lidia , Fernandez-Martinez Beatriz , Gómez-Barroso Diana , Gherasim Alin , García-Gómez Montserrat , Benito Agustín , Herrador Zaida 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Scabies is a neglected disease stablished worldwide with a fairy well determined incidence. In high-income countries, it often causes outbreaks affecting the residents and staff of institutions and long-term facilities, usually hard to detect and control due to the difficult diagnosis and notification delay. This study aim at characterizing the affected population, geographical distribution, and evolution of scabies in Spain from 1997–2019 as well as to describe the main environments of transmission using different data sources.

Methods
We carried out a nationwide retrospective study using four databases, which record data from different perspectives: hospital admissions, patients attended at primary healthcare services, outbreaks, and occupational diseases. We described the main characteristics from each database and calculated annual incidences in order to evaluate temporal and geographical patterns. We also analyzed outbreaks and occupational settings to characterize the main transmission foci and applied Joinpoint regression models to detect trend changes.

Results
The elderly was the most frequent collective among the hospital admitted patients and notified cases in outbreaks, while children and young adults were the most affected according to primary care databases. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in homes and nursing homes; however, the facilities with more cases per outbreak were military barracks, healthcare settings and nursing homes. Most occupational cases occurred also in healthcare and social services settings, being healthcare workers the most common affected professional group. We detected a decreasing trend in scabies admissions from 1997 to 2014 (annual percentage change -APC- = -11.2%) and an increasing trend from 2014 to 2017 (APC = 23.6%). Wide geographical differences were observed depending on the database explored.

Discussion
An increasing trend in scabies admissions was observed in Spain since 2014, probably due to cutbacks in social services and healthcare in addition to worsen of living conditions as a result of the 2008 economic crisis, among other reasons. The main transmission foci were healthcare and social settings. Measures including enhancing epidemic studies and national registries, reinforcing clinical diagnosis and early detection of cases, hygiene improvements and training of the staff and wide implementation of scabies treatment (considering mass drug administration in institutions outbreaks) should be considered to reduce the impact of scabies among most vulnerable groups in Spain.
The burden of stroke and modifiable risk factors in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abate Teshager Weldegiorgis , Zeleke Balew , Genanew Ashenafi , Abate Bidiru Weldegiorgis 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe burden and contribution of modifiable risk factors of stroke in Ethiopia are unclear. Knowledge about this burden and modifying risk factors is pivotal for establishing stroke prevention strategies. In recent decades, the issue of lifestyle and behavioral modification is a key to improve the quality of life. The modifiable risk factors are an importance as intervention strategies aimed at reducing these factors can subsequently reduce the risk of stroke. So far, many primary studies were conducted to estimate the burden of stroke and modifiable risk factors in Ethiopia. However, the lack of a nationwide study that determines the overall pooled estimation of burden and modifiable risk factors of stroke is a research gap.MethodsTo conduct this systemic review and meta-analysis, we are following the PRISMA checklist. Three authors searched and extracted the data from the CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, EMcare, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google scholar. The quality of the primary study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) by two independent reviewers. The primary studies with low and moderate risk of bias were included in the final analysis. The authors presented the pooled estimated burden of stroke and its modifiable risk factors. The registered protocol number in PROSPERO was CRD42020221906.ResultsIn this study, the pooled burden of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were 46.42% (95%CI: 41.82–51.53; I2= 91.6%) and 51.40% (95%CI: 46.97–55.82; I2= 85.5%) respectively. The overall magnitude of modifiable risk factor of hypertension, alcohol consumption and dyslipidemia among stroke patients were 49% (95%CI: 43.59, 54.41), 24.96% (95CI%:15.01, 34.90), and 20.99% (95%CI: 11.10, 30.88), respectively. The least proportion of stroke recovery was in the Oromia region (67.38 (95%CI: 41.60–93.17; I2 = 98.1%). Farther more, the proportion of stroke recovery was decreased after 2017 (70.50 (56.80–84.20).ConclusionsIn our study, more than 90% of stroke patients had one or more modifiable risk factors. All identified modifiable stroke risk factors are major public health issues in Ethiopia. Therefore, strategy is designed for stroke prevention to decrease stroke burden through targeted modification of a single risk factor, or a cluster of multiple risk factors, used on a population, community, or individual level.
The main aspects of choosing the enterprises' operating strategy
Authors: Karpenko Yuliia , Pienova Anzhelika , Melnychuk Dmytro , Kutsyk Valentyna , Nakonechna Nataliya , Kalinichenko Sergіy 
Published: November 2021

Retail trade occupies an important place in the economy of Ukraine, ensuring the sale of manufactured goods to end consumers. For retailers, it is important to achieve timeliness and reliability of services to meet customer needs, which can be achieved through the formation of operational strategy. The purpose of the article is to form a methodological approach to the development of operational strategy of retail enterprises, which is based on the requirements of corporate strategy, selected in accordance with the stage of the life cycle of the industry. The development of this methodological approach was carried out on the basis of Hill's model and system approach. As a result, a logical scheme of the process of developing an operational strategy is presented, which is specified by the list of input and output information. In order to determine the stage of the life cycle of the market of retail services in Ukraine, the eponymous concept of Porter was applied and the analysis was carried out according to the criteria: consumers and their behaviour, sales costs, changes in services, the nature of competition, profitability and found that the retail services market is growing. The method of observation, comparative and analytical method was used for the analysis, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) was calculated on the basis of the data of the largest retail trade enterprises of Ukraine. As a result, it was found that the market of retail services in Ukraine is growing. With this in mind, an operational strategy for Ukrainian retailers has been proposed, which should aim to ensure the flexibility and variability of the operating system. The defined general direction of the operational strategy will allow to establish the content of decisions on the choice of operational processes, as well as the infrastructure to support them.