bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial analysis of pediatric surgical need and geographical access to care in Somaliland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cotache-Condor Cesia F , Moody Katelyn , Concepcion Tessa , Mohamed Mubarak , Dahir Shukri , Adan Ismail Edna , Cook Jonathan , Will John , Rice Henry E , Smith Emily R 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe global burden of disease in children is large and disproportionally affects low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Geospatial analysis offers powerful tools to quantify and visualise disparities in surgical care in LMICs. Our study aims to analyse the geographical distribution of paediatric surgical conditions and to evaluate the geographical access to surgical care in Somaliland.MethodsUsing the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need survey and a combined survey from the WHO’s (WHO) Surgical Assessment Tool—Hospital Walkthrough and the Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery Global Assessment in Paediatric Surgery, we collected data on surgical burden and access from 1503 children and 15 hospitals across Somaliland. We used several geospatial tools, including hotspot analysis, service area analysis, Voronoi diagrams, and Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation to estimate the geographical distribution of paediatric surgical conditions and access to care across Somaliland.ResultsOur analysis suggests less than 10% of children have timely access to care across Somaliland. Patients could travel up to 12 hours by public transportation and more than 2 days by foot to reach surgical care. There are wide geographical disparities in the prevalence of paediatric surgical conditions and access to surgical care across regions. Disparities are greater among children travelling by foot and living in rural areas, where the delay to receive surgery often exceeds 3 years. Overall, Sahil and Sool were the regions that combined the highest need and the poorest surgical care coverage.ConclusionOur study demonstrated wide disparities in the distribution of surgical disease and access to surgical care for children across Somaliland. Geospatial analysis offers powerful tools to identify critical areas and strategically allocate resources and interventions to efficiently scale-up surgical care for children in Somaliland.
The PROGRAM study: awake mapping versus asleep mapping versus no mapping for high-grade glioma resections: study protocol for an international multicenter prospective three-arm cohort study
Authors: Gerritsen Jasper Kees Wim , Satoer Djaina D , Dirven Clemens Maria Franciscus , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Seidel Kathleen , Schucht Philippe , Jungk Christine , Krieg Sandro M , Nahed Brian Vala , Berger Mitchel Stuart , Broekman Marike Lianne Daphne , Vincent Arnaud Jean Pierre Edouard 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe main surgical dilemma during glioma resections is the surgeon’s inability to accurately identify eloquent areas when the patient is under general anaesthesia without mapping techniques. Intraoperative stimulation mapping (ISM) techniques can be used to maximise extent of resection in eloquent areas yet simultaneously minimise the risk of postoperative neurological deficits. ISM has been widely implemented for low-grade glioma resections backed with ample scientific evidence, but this is not yet the case for high-grade glioma (HGG) resections. Therefore, ISM could thus be of important value in HGG surgery to improve both surgical and clinical outcomes.Methods and analysisThis study is an international, multicenter, prospective three-arm cohort study of observational nature. Consecutive HGG patients will be operated with awake mapping, asleep mapping or no mapping with a 1:1:1 ratio. Primary endpoints are: (1) proportion of patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale deterioration at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery and (2) residual tumour volume of the contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing part as assessed by a neuroradiologist on postoperative contrast MRI scans. Secondary endpoints are: (1) overall survival and (2) progression-free survival at 12 months after surgery; (3) oncofunctional outcome and (4) frequency and severity of serious adverse events in each arm. Total duration of the study is 5 years. Patient inclusion is 4 years, follow-up is 1 year.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (METC Zuid-West Holland/Erasmus Medical Center; MEC-2020–0812). The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to patient organisations and media.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov ID numberNCT04708171(PROGRAM-study),NCT03861299(SAFE-trial)
Cohort profile: an observational longitudinal data collection of health aspects in a cohort of female cancer survivors with a history of pelvic radiotherapy—a population-based cohort in the western region of Sweden
Authors: Åkeflo Linda , Dunberger Gail , Elmerstig Eva , Skokic Viktor , Steineck Gunnar , Bergmark Karin 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe study ‘Health among women after pelvic radiotherapy’ was conducted in response to the need for more advanced and longitudinal data concerning long-term radiotherapy-induced late effects and chronic states among female cancer survivors. The objective of this paper is to detail the cohort profile and the study procedure in order to provide a sound basis for future analyses of the study cohort.ParticipantsSince 2011, and still currently ongoing, participants have been recruited from a population-based study cohort including all female patients with cancer, over 18 years of age, treated with pelvic radiotherapy with curative intent at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, in the western region of Sweden, which covers 1.7 million of the Swedish population. The dataset presented here consists of baseline data provided by 605 female cancer survivors and 3-month follow-up data from 260 individuals with gynaecological, rectal or anal cancer, collected over a 6-year period.Findings to dateData have been collected from 2011 onwards. To date, three studies have been published using the dataset reporting long-term radiation-induced intestinal syndromes and late adverse effects affecting sexuality, the urinary tract, the lymphatic system and physical activity. These projects include the evaluation of interventions developed by and provided in a nurse-led clinic.Future plansThis large prospective cohort offers the possibility to study health outcomes in female pelvic cancer survivors undergoing a rehabilitation intervention in a nurse-led clinic, and to study associations between demographics, clinical aspects and long-term late effects. Analysis focusing on the effect of the interventions on sexual health aspects, preinterventions and postinterventions, is currently ongoing. The cohort will be expanded to comprise the entire data collection from 2011 to 2020, including baseline data and data from 3-month and 1-year follow-ups after interventions. The data will be used to study conditions and treatment-induced late effects preintervention and postintervention.
Optical sensors to predict sugarbeet yield, quality, and fertilizer nitrogen application rate
Authors: Van Eerd Laura L. , MacFarlane J. Mitchell , Chahal Inderjot 
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen (N) management is critical for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) because N inversely influences root yield and recoverable white sucrose per tonne (RWST). In Ontario, from 2015 to 2017, the use of optical sensors (e.g., a soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor) was evaluated as a method to guide N application and harvest date (late-September, late-October) selection by predicting root yield RWST and partial profit margins. In a commercial field, 4 to 5 fertilizer N rates, and 8 to 12 cultivars were tested in a split block design experiment with three replications and two harvest dates. In all years, few cultivars (≤2) had a root yield response to applied N, which was attributed to high inherent soil fertility, and limited our evaluation of optical sensors to adjust in-season N applications. The optimal N rate to maximize RWST and profits was 0 to 45 kg N·ha−1 and confirmed their negative relationship to applied N. Optical sensor readings correlated negatively with RWST across the majority (>60%) of cultivars tested in mid-August and September. Across all cultivars, the regression model of optical sensors to predict RWST at early harvest was strongest (R2 = 0.48 for SPAD; 0.24 for GreenSeeker) when readings were taken in early September. Although future research to refine this relationship is needed, we recommend the use of optical sensors, particularly the SPAD meter, in early September to guide harvest selection to maximize RWST.
Dynamically Adjusting Diversity in Ensembles for the Classification of Data Streams with Concept Drift
Authors: Hidalgo Juan I. G. , Santos Silas G. T. C. , Barros Roberto S. M. 
Published: July 2021

A data stream can be defined as a system that continually generates a lot of data over time. Today, processing data streams requires new demands and challenging tasks in the data mining and machine learning areas.
Concept Drift
is a problem commonly characterized as changes in the distribution of the data within a data stream. The implementation of new methods for dealing with data streams where concept drifts occur requires algorithms that can adapt to several scenarios to improve its performance in the different experimental situations where they are tested. This research proposes a strategy for dynamic parameter adjustment in the presence of concept drifts. Parameter Estimation Procedure (PEP) is a general method proposed for dynamically adjusting parameters which is applied to the diversity parameter (λ) of several classification ensembles commonly used in the area. To this end, the proposed estimation method (PEP) was used to create Boosting-like Online Learning Ensemble with Parameter Estimation (BOLE-PE), Online AdaBoost-based M1 with Parameter Estimation (OABM1-PE), and Oza and Russell’s Online Bagging with Parameter Estimation (OzaBag-PE), based on the existing ensembles BOLE, OABM1, and OzaBag, respectively. To validate them, experiments were performed with artificial and real-world datasets using Hoeffding Tree (HT) as base classifier. The accuracy results were statistically evaluated using a variation of the Friedman test and the Nemenyi post-hoc test. The experimental results showed that the application of the dynamic estimation in the diversity parameter (λ) produced good results in most scenarios, i.e., the modified methods have improved accuracy in the experiments with both artificial and real-world datasets.
Sustained Inflation During Chest Compression: A New Technique of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation That Improves Recovery and Survival in a Pediatric Porcine Model
Authors: Schmölzer Georg M. , Patel Siddhi D. , Monacelli Sveva , Kim Seung Yeon , Shim Gyu‐Hong , Lee Tze‐Fun , O'Reilly Megan , Cheung Po‐Yin 
Published: July 2021

Background
Chest compression (CC) during sustained inflations (CC+SI) compared with CC with asynchronized ventilation (CCaV) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in asphyxiated pediatric piglets will reduce time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Methods and Results

Piglets (20–23 days of age, weighing 6.2–10.2 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented, and exposed to asphyxia. Cardiac arrest was defined as mean arterial blood pressure <25 mm Hg with bradycardia. After cardiac arrest, piglets were randomized to CC+SI (n=12) or CCaV (n=12) or sham (n=8). Sham‐operated animals had no asphyxia. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, carotid blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded. There were no differences in baseline parameters or the duration and degree of asphyxiation. Median (interquartile range) Time to ROSC was 248 (41–346) seconds compared with 720 (167–720) seconds in the CC+SI group and CCaV group, respectively (
P
=0.0292). There was a 100% higher rate of ROSC in the CC+SI group versus CCaV group, with 10 (83%) versus 5 (42%) achieving ROSC (
P
=0.089), respectively. Piglets in the CC+SI and CCaV groups received intravenous epinephrine boluses to achieve ROSC (8/12 versus 10/12
P
=0.639). There was a significantly higher minute ventilation in the CC+SI group, which was secondary to a 5‐fold increase in the number of inflations per minute and a 1.5‐fold increase in tidal volume.

Conclusions
CC+SI reduced time to ROSC and improved survival compared with using CCaV. CC+SI allowed passive ventilation of the lung while providing chest compressions. This technique warrants further studies to examine the potential to improve outcomes in pediatric patients with cardiac arrest.

Registration

URL:
https://www.preclinicaltrials.eu
; Unique identifier: PCTE0000152.
The Liturgical Communion of the Yaḥad with the Angels
Authors: Jost Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since the discoveries of the first Dead Sea Scrolls, the motif of a communion with the angels has been repeatedly emphasized and discussed as a characteristic of the self-understanding of the community behind these writings. Of particular interest in this discussion are the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q400–407; 11Q17; and Mas1k ShirShabb). However, the origin of the so-called Angelic Liturgy is still an unresolved question in scholarship. In this article we will try to figure out the relationship of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice to the sectarian literature by analyzing the communion with the angels described therein. I will demonstrate that this composition has the most explicit connections to the liturgical communion with the angels that is uniquely found in undisputed sectarian texts. The Angelic Liturgy is then not so much the source, but much more an example of the liturgical development inside the yaḥad.
Parental reactions to a dying marmoset infant: conditional investment by the mother, but not the father
Authors: Brügger Rahel K. , Burkart Judith M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reproductive costs of cooperatively breeding callitrichid mothers are remarkable, and they have to rely on fathers and other group members to raise their offspring. Consequently, maternal responsiveness to and investment in infants tends to be conditional, and especially sensitive to infant cues and signals of vigour. Since fathers do not bear the same excessive reproductive costs, their threshold to invest in a dying immature may be lower than in mothers. We present an anecdotal report of reactions of a first-time breeding pair of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to their dying infant. We found a male bias in all interactions with the dying infant that did not show typical cues of infant vigour. These results show that the dying infant elicited more investment by the father than the mother. Because of this conditional maternal investment, infants of cooperatively breeding primates may be under selection to advertise their viability, in particular to their mothers.
Human Flourishing and a Theology of Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Reize Nikayla , Stovell Beth , Toffelmire Colin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Christian Scriptures present an idealized vision for human flourishing that includes material and economic justice, as well as relational, spiritual wholeness. This binds Christians to a non-negotiable responsibility to work to prevent and alleviate poverty as an act of participation in God’s redemption of creation. Key to this work is an appropriate and accurate understanding of human flourishing (and its corollary, human poverty) as multi-dimensional. Consequently, any Christian theology that seeks to address the prevention and alleviation of poverty must also explore the necessary issues from a multi-dimensional perspective. While there are diverse ways in which Christians can participate in this divine work, a Christian vision for the alleviation and elimination of poverty must have a focus on long-term structural solutions to injustice, and the importance of community and relationship. This article gives particular attention to a Canadian context. (150 words only)
God of the Small: Engaging Public Theology in Small Business
Authors: Wijaya Yahya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mainstream theological discourses on economic issues tend to concentrate on the disparity between the poor and the powerful. The focus of this writing is on a segment of society often overlooked in such a contrasting approach, namely those who can be identified neither as the poor nor the powerful. Picking up on small business to represent the ‘in-between,’ this article suggests a theological reflection concerning the works of God with those who should be called ‘the small’. It starts with describing the contemporary situation faced by small business, particularly in Asia. The situation is analyzed using the business ethics’ stakeholder approach. The theological response follows the method of a public theology by interacting Christian resources with the situation of small business in relation to their stakeholders. The result is a new construction of public theology starting with the notion of God’s preference for the small.
The Material World of Early Modern Ottoman Women: Ornaments, Robes and Domestic Furnishings in Istanbul and Bursa
Authors: Faroqhi Suraiya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present article investigates the jewelry and domestic furnishings owned by wealthy women who died in Bursa during the early 1730s, combining the data derived from the estate inventories of the decedents with imagery, both Ottoman and non-Ottoman, dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This tentative linkage between the written and the visual has made it possible to ‘zoom in’ on the manner in which well-to-do females of eighteenth-century Bursa decorated their homes, and speculate about the considerations that induced them to use the most valuable textiles largely for home furnishings as opposed to garments.
The Rise of the Köprülü Household: The Transformation of Patronage in the Ottoman Empire in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Bekar Cumhur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article documents the formation of a powerful political network stretching from the central bureaucracy to the provinces under the aegis of the Köprülü household, the most influential vizierial household in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire. Starting with the appointment of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha as a grand vizier in 1656, the members of the Köprülü household occupied in the years that followed the most important positions in the Ottoman administrative and military system. Thanks to their long-lasting incumbency, the Köprülü grand viziers managed to establish the most efficient political network in the Ottoman state during the seventeenth century. By exploring the roles of the kethüdas, ağas and scribes in the Köprülü household and by examining those of its clients and family members in the military and administrative system, this article sheds light on the transformation of the recruitment system and patronage patterns in the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century.
“Yo’ Kin Cut All Kinda Tricks”: Crossroad Ordeals, Peavine Drills, and Other Technologies of the Self in African-American Vernacular Esotericism
Authors: Wehmeyer Stephen C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The vernacular magical, divinatory, and healing practices associated with the Afro-American Gulf South, alternately called “Hoodoo” or “Conjure,” offer a window into an intriguing world of “everyday esoterica.” Practitioners envision a world of competing human desires, which move and are moved by an array of malign and benign spiritual forces. They cope with this world with a pharmacopeia of symbolically powerful physical substances, but also through works of bodily discipline, prayer, meditation, and other practices aimed at the cultivation of will, self-awareness, and self-regard. These latter tools and techniques comport closely with Michel Foucault’s concept of technologies of the self. Exploring Hoodoo ritual through Foucault’s lens offers opportunities to re-imagine American Hoodoo as an esoteric system that enables practitioners to manipulate and transform themselves as well as their circumstances. This examination serves to increase our appreciation for the sophistication of these traditions, while simultaneously enlarging and enriching Foucault’s paradigm – offering new ways to consider the techniques by which one might come to know and understand oneself. This inquiry addresses a lacuna in the scholarship of Hoodoo and Conjure and also situates these traditions more firmly (and accurately) within the wider corpus of Gnostic Studies and Western Esotericism.
One new combination in the genus Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae)
Authors: DESHMUKH UMAKANT BHOOPATI , SHENDE MUKUND BAPURAO 
Published: July 2021

The recent study on the molecular phylogenetics of the family Hydrangeaceae (Samain et al.,2010; Granados Mendoza et al., 2013; De Smet et al. 2015) revealed that eight genera Decumaria Linnaeus (1753: 397), Dichroa Loureiro (1790: 301), Broussaisia Gaudichaud (1830: 479), Schizophragma Siebold & Zuccarini (1838: 58), Platycrater Siebold & Zuccarini (1838: 62), Cardiandra Siebold & Zuccarini (1839: 119), Pileostegia Hook.f. & Thomson (1857: 57) and Deinanthe Maximowicz (1867: 2) are phylogenetically nested within Hydrangea Linnaeus (1753: 397), rendering the latter highly polyphyletic.
National Weather Service Data Needs for Short-Term Forecasts and the Role of Unmanned Aircraft in Filling the Gap: Results from a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Houston Adam L. , PytlikZillig Lisa M. , Walther Janell C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInclusion of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the weather surveillance network has the potential to improve short-term (<1 day) weather forecasts through direct integration of UAS-collected data into the forecast process and assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. However, one of the primary means by which the value of any new sensing platform can be assessed is through consultation with principal stakeholders. National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters are principal stakeholders responsible for the issuance of short-term forecasts. The purpose of the work presented here is to use results from a survey of 630 NWS forecasters to assess critical data gaps that impact short-term forecast accuracy and explore the potential role of UAS in filling these gaps. NWS forecasters view winter precipitation, icing, flood, lake-effect/lake-enhanced snow, turbulence, and waves as the phenomena principally impacted by data gaps. Of the 10 high-priority weather-related characteristics that need to be observed to fill critical data gaps, 7 are either measures of precipitation or related to precipitation-producing phenomena. The three most important UAS capabilities/characteristics required for useful data for weather forecasting are real-time or near-real-time data, the ability to integrate UAS data with additional data gathered by other systems, and UASs equipped with cameras to verify forecasts and monitor weather. Of the three operation modes offered for forecasters to consider, targeted surveillance is considered to be the most important compared to fixed site profiling or transects between fixed sites.