bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pollution by Antibiotics on Biological Properties of Soils (Through the Example of Ordinary Chernozem)
Authors: Akimenko Yuliya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In model laboratory and field conditions, the influence of pollution by antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, pharmasin, tromexin, aliseryl, and nystatin) on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem was examined in concentrations of 1-1000 mg/kg. A decrease in the majority of the basic biological parameters of chernozem occurs when the concentration of antibiotics is 100 mg/kg of soil. In most cases, there was a direct relationship between the content of antibiotics in the soil and the scale of a decrease in the studied parameters. The degree of the influence of antibiotics was determined by their nature, concentration and time of exposure. Antibacterial antibiotics had more negative impact on the studied indicators than fungicidal ones. By the degree of inhibiting the biological properties of chernozem, antibiotics formed the following sequence: ampicillin > benzylpenicillin ≥ streptomycin ≥ oxytetracycline > tylosin ≥ pharmasin > nystatin > tromexin > aliseryl. Among the examined biological parameters when polluted by antibiotics, the most informative one was the number of ammonifying bacteria and the activity of dehydrogenases. The least informative was the indicator of catalase activity. The abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in case of pollution by antibiotics was not informative. The degree of a decrease in biological indicators was more pronounced in laboratory conditions than in the field ones. The rate of the biological activity recovery of chernozem after pollution in the field was 2 times higher. According to the degree of resistance to antibiotics, the investigated microorganisms of chernozem formed the following sequence: bacteria of the genus Azotobacter > micromycetes > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria. Enzymes formed the following sequence: peroxidase ≥ polyphenol oxidase > catalase > dehydrogenase > invertase ≥ phosphatase. Antibiotics had prolonged influence on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem. The examined parameters were observed not to be recovered to control values even on the 120th day after the pollution.
Molecular Characterization and mRNA Expression of ISP2 and ISP4 in the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) Under Acute Cold Stress
Authors: Qian Baoying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ice structure proteins (ISPs), also known as antifreeze proteins, can lower the point of freezing by inhibiting the growth of ice crystals and protect organisms from freezing temperatures. The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important warm-temperate marine fish in Chinese aquaculture. Only a few ISP studies have been reported in this fish to date. In this study, the cDNA of ISP2 were cloned and characterized, and mRNA expression of ISP2 and ISP4 was assessed in different tissues of the large yellow croaker under different periods of acute cold stress (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, rewarming after 12 and 24 h). We found that ISP2 cDNA is 861 bases in length, encoding a protein of 168 amino acid residues. The mRNA expression of ISP2 and ISP4 in tissues of large yellow croaker under different periods of acute cold stress changed significantly. In comparison with the control group, ISP2 expression increased dramatically in the heart (1,976 fold) and intestine (26 fold) after 3 h of acute cold stress and increased 43 fold in the spleen after 6 h. ISP4 expression was up-regulated significantly in the brain (43 fold) and gill (376 fold) at 1 h acute cold stress, and increased 2,774 fold in the intestine at 3 h, 64 fold in muscle and 141 fold in the spleen after rewarming for 1 h after 12 h acute cold stress. These results indicate that ISP2 and ISP4 may play an important role in the response of large yellow croaker to acute cold stress.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for&nbsp;Ag+ in Using β-Cyclodextrin / Chitosan Polymer Coated S QDs Based on Aggregation Caused Quenching Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Huan , Yue Jianshe , Lu Yi , Jia Tian , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A fluorometric sensor based on poly (β- cyclodextrin/chitosan) with H bonded S QDs/CTSCD nanocomposites was synthesized by self-assembly. They were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, XPS, and TEM. The S QDs on the chain of the polymer could coordinate with transition-metal ions due to surface electronegativity. The distance between the S QDs on the different chains of polymer could construct the bridge bond of S–Ag+–S with silver ions leading to fluorescence aggregation-caused quenching. The linear range of the method was from 1.0×10-5 -5.5×10−5mol/L. The correlation coefficient was 0.9992 with a detection limit of 66.7 nM. This method could be used to detect silver ions in real samples with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, indicating its potential as a novel sensor.
Dihydromyricetin Ameliorates Inflammation-Induced Insulin Resistance via Phospholipase C-CaMKK-AMPK Signal Pathway
Authors: Hou Lianjie , Jiang Fangyi , Huang Bo , Zheng Weijie , Jiang Yufei , Cai Gengyuan , Liu Dewu , Hu Ching Yuan , Wang Chong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Metabolic syndrome is associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of turning into type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome has become an urgent public health problem. Insulin resistance in obesity is the common pathophysiological basis of metabolic syndrome. The insulin resistance is induced by the increasing levels of inflammatory factors during obesity. Therefore, developing a therapeutic strategy for preventing inflammation-induced insulin resistance has great significance for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and improving insulin sensitivity. However, the target of DHM and the molecular mechanism of DHM in preventing inflammation-induced insulin resistance are still unclear.
Methods

In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation-induced insulin resistance through ELISA, oral glucose tolerance test and glucose uptake test. Then, we demonstrated the pathway of dihydromyricetin ameliorated inflammation-induced insulin resistance by using signal pathway blockers, Ca2 + probes, and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified the target protein of dihydromyricetin by using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, qPCR, and western blotting.
Results

In this study, we first confirmed that dihydromyricetin ameliorated inflammation-induced insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin ameliorated inflammation-induced insulin resistance by activating Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK signaling pathway by interacting with phospholipase C (PLC), its target protein.
Conclusions

Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin ameliorated inflammation-induced insulin resistance via the PLC-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is PLC. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food additive and a new therapeutic strategy for treating or preventing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Metformin Protects Against Insulin Resistance Induced by High Uric Acid in Cardiomyocytes via&nbsp;AMPK Signaling Pathways in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Li Zhi , Jiao Zhenyu , Chen Yingqun , Xie Yang , Li Yanbing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High uric acid (HUA) is associated with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Metformin is a recognized agonist of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and an antidiabetic drug widely used for type 2 diabetes. It can play a cardioprotective role in many pathways. We investigated whether metformin protects against HUA-induced insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in cardiomyocytes. We exposed primary cardiomyocytes to HUA, and cellular glucose uptake was quantified by measuring the uptake of 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analog, after insulin excitation. Treatment with metformin (10 μmol/L) protected against HUA-inhibited glucose uptake induced by insulin in primary cardiomyocytes, as shown by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. HUA directly inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) induced by insulin, which was blocked by metformin. Metformin promoted phosphorylation of AMPK, renewed HUA-inhibited glucose uptake induced by insulin and protected against insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes. As a result of these effects, in a mouse model of acute hyperuricemia, metformin improved insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance, accompanied by increased AMPK phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation and translocation of GLUT4 in myocardial tissues. As expected, AICAR, another AMPK activator, had equivalent effects to metformin, demonstrating the important role of AMPK activation in protecting against insulin resistance induced by HUA in cardiomyocytes. Metformin protects against insulin resistance induced by HUA in cardiomyocytes and improves insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in an acute hyperuricemic mouse model, along with the activation of AMPK. Consequently, metformin may be an important potential new treatment strategy for hyperuricemia-related cardiovascular disease.
Large Strain With Ultra-Low Hysteresis and Enhanced Energy Storage Performance of Mn-Doped 0.65Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.35SrTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics
Authors: Cao W.P. , Li Weili , Zhang Wenzhong , Xu Dan , Sheng Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the electric-field-induced strain behavior and energy storage performance of MnO-doped 0.65Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.35SrTiO3 (NBT-ST-xMn) lead-free ceramics has been investigated. After the introduction of MnO into NBT-ST ceramics, pinched and double P-E hysteresis loops with high Pmax and negligible Pr can be observed due to the introduction of defect dipoles. As a result, a relatively high strain of 0.22% with ultra-low hysteresis of 14% was achieved under a moderate electric field of 60 kV/cm at x=1.0 mol.%. Excellent energy storage performance of 1.14 and 1.17 J cm-3 with a high η of 83 and 80% are achieved at x=0.5 and 1.0 mol.%, respectively. Meanwhile, high electrostriction coeffcient of 0.022 m4C2 with pure electrostrictive characteristics was obtained at x=0.5 mol.%. The results illustrate that the proper selection of base composition and effective chemical modifier can made the NBT-ST an outstanding candidate for actuators and energy storage devices.
Identification of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe Ird Mutants Resistant to Glucose Suppression and Oxidative Stress
Authors: YILMAZER Merve , BAYRAK Beste , KARTAL Burcu , UZUNER Semian KARAER , PALABIYIK Bedia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlucose both is the favorite carbon and energy source and acts as a hormone that plays a regulated role in many biological processes. Calorie restriction extended lifespan in many organisms, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, while uptake of high glucose led to undesired results, such as diabetes and aging.Methods and ResultsIn this study, sequence analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ird5 and ird11 mutants was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques and a total of 20 different mutations were detected. ird11 is resistant to oxidative stress without calorie restriction, whereas ird5 displays an adaptive response against oxidative stress. Candidate 9 mutations, which are thought to be responsible for ird5 and ird11 mutant phenotypes, were investigated via forward and reverse mutations by using various cloning techniques.ConclusionThe results of this study contribute to the basic sciences by showing the relationship between glucose sensing/signaling and oxidative stress response components.
Intergrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis Discovers Nematicidal Microbes, Enzymes and Metabolites From the Plant Rhizosphere Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Xiuyun , Lin Changchun , Yuan Wenfang , Ruan Song , Qi Gaofu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRoot-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects root systems of many crops resulting in huge decrease of crop production. Nematicidal microorganisms provides a safe and effective strategy to control M. incognita infection. In order to find more microorganisms with high activity and new nematicidal metabolites, we collected the M. incognita infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (RNI) and non-infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (NS), and investigated their microbial community and network via metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. ResultsMicrobial networks of RNI soils were very different from the NS soils. Many nematicidal microorganisms were enriched in the NS soils, including some isolates such as Aspergillus , Achromobacter , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Comamonas , Enterobacter , Lysobacter , Microbacterium , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Variovorax. Enzymes analysis showed these nematicidal microorganisms can produce proteases, chitinase and lipases. The functions genes belonging to pathways of secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were overrepresented in the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils comparing with the RNI soils. 102 metabolites contents were significantly different between the RNI and NS rhizosphere microbiota. 35 metabolites were overrepresented in the NS soils comparing the RNI samples, including acetophenone. Acetophenone showed high nematicidal (LC 50 = 0.66 μg/ml) and avoidance activity against M. incognita . A isolate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 with production of acetophenone can kill 98.8% of M . incognita . ConclusionsIn general, the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils could produce volatile materials, multiple enzymes and secondary metabolites against nematode. Collectively, the microbiota of NS and RNI rhizophere differed significantly in microbial network structure, community composition, function genes and metabolites. Collectively, combination of multi-omics analysis and culture-dependent technology is powerful for finding nematicidal microorganisms and metabolites from soil.
Lymph Node Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Does Serum Anti-Tg Antibodies or TSH Level Influence Tg measurement in Fine Needle Aspiration Washouts?
Authors: Donato Sara , Maciel Joana , Font Paula , Simões Helder , Prazeres Susana , Leite Valeriano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Thyroglobulin evaluation in the washout of fine-needle aspiration (FNA-Tg) is an accurate diagnostic method of lymph node metastases (LNM) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (AATg) may cause falsely low serum Tg values, but their effect on FNA-Tg has not been well established. There are also concerns about the possibility that suppressed TSH results in false-negative FNA-Tg. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of serum AATg and TSH level on FNA-Tg of LNM of DTC and to determine the presence of AATg on the washout of fine needle aspiration (FNA-AATg). Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent FNA-Tg assay in LNM of DTC. The sample was divided in two groups according to the presence of serum AATg at the time of FNA-Tg evaluation (Group 1: positive AATg, n =47; Group 2: negative AATg, n =50). Results: There was no significant difference in the FNA-Tg between the two groups ( p =0.066), although it was lower in Group 1 (1428 ng/mL) than in Group 2 (14842 ng/mL). FNA-Tg was able to identify 10.3% LNM of DTC that would not be diagnosed based solely on cytology. FNA-AATg evaluation was positive in 12.8% of the Group 1 patients and did not seem to interfere with FNA-Tg value ( p =0.732). There were no differences in the median FNA-Tg measurements between those on levothyroxine suppressive therapy and those on substitutive therapy ( p =0.800). Conclusion: FNA-Tg assay appears to be a good diagnostic tool even in patients with positive serum AATg and those under suppressive levothyroxine therapy.
Egg White Protein-Hypophosphorous Acid Based Fire Retardant Single Bilayer Coating Assembly for Cotton Fabric
Authors: Vishwakarma Ajay , Reddy Vennapusa Jagadeeswara , Kandola Baljinder K. , Dasari Aravind , Chattopadhyay Sujay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Egg white proteins (W) in combination with hypophosphorous acid (HA) were investigated for making flame retardant coating over cotton fabric adopting layer by layer (LbL) assembly technique. A novel phosphorous-nitrogen based non-inflammatory pathway was produced due to strong electrostatic interactions between egg white protein and HA. The coated cotton fabric was characterized using FESEM, ATR-FTIR, TGA and flame tests. Vertical flame test (VFT) and BS EN ISO 15025 tests were performed to understand the combustion pattern of coated fabric. The cotton fabric coated with egg white protein followed by HA (CTW+HA) showed self-extinguish properties with fragile char structure, whereas uncoated fabric was completely burnt with ash residue. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that initial decomposition temperature of coated fabric got lowered but raised the char residue at 800 ℃. Moreover, surface morphology after VFT of CTW+HA showed swollen char structure that prevented the interaction of combustible products with oxygen and heat. Thus, the developed coating could serve as excellent fire retardant due to the synergistic effect of HA and egg white protein.
Technological Capabilities of a Special Strategy for Processing Cycloidal Helical Surfaces with a Non-Profiled Tool
Authors: Goncharov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Vasiliev Aleksandr Sergeevich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The working bodies of screw volumetric machines are complex-profile cycloidal screw surfaces. This article deals with the problem of technological preparation for the production of such surfaces, associated with the uncertainty of the technological capabilities of a special processing strategy. To solve this problem, an analytical expression of the criterion was proposed, which makes it possible to assess the applicability of the processing strategy for the given geometric parameters. The adequacy of the proposed criterion is confirmed by machine and natural experiments.
Finite Element Based Thermal Model For Analyzing The Material Removal of Different Work Material In ECDM Process
Authors: Sharma Vivek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a novel technique for machining non-conductive materials like quartz, soda lime glass, ceramics etc. It combines the machining attributes of the electric discharge machining (EDM) and electrochemical machining (ECM) simultaneously in a single process. Despite numerous experimental studies, few studies are reported covering analytical aspects of the ECDM process. The present study focusses on the development of finite element based thermal model for analyzing the material removal of the different work materials. The model is validated by comparing it with existing literature and a comparison of the different models based on different heat input i.e., uniform distribution and Gaussian distribution is also performed. Results revealed that the material removal rate (MRR) predicted using Gaussian distribution exhibits fair agreement with the earlier reported results. Moreover, the comparative study on MRR is performed using gaussian heat distribution for soda lime glass and quartz material. It is observed that under similar machining conditions, MRR of soda lime glass is higher than the quartz material. The MRR of the both the work materials increases with the increase in electrolyte concentration due to increase in total heat input over the work material.
Comparison of Conventional and Hybrid Ultrasonic Milling in the Processing of Improved Steel
Authors: Savkovic Borislav , Kulundzic Nenad , Kovac Pavel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The combination of conventional milling and ultrasonic processing, more precisely ultrasonic vibrations, belongs to the newer types of hybrid processing. The realization of vibration sources as well as parameters that are variable in the realization of this process capture the attention of readers. In this paper, in addition to the application and possibility of installing different types of ultrasonically supported milling, the emphasis is given in the field of the surface quality. Namely, the application of ultrasonic vibrations in the processing of steel for improvement, which are characterized by higher hardness and toughness, and as such are a challenge for finding the most favorable processing. The quality of the processed surface as a function of the mean arithmetic roughness and the mean height of the unevenness measured in 10 points obtained in the classical conventional milling and the new hybrid process are presented.
Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness of Myopic Children with 0.01% Atropine, Orthokeratology, or their Combination
Authors: Hao Qian , Zhao Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) treated with 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology (OK), or their combination in myopic children, and to study the connection between increase in SFChT and axial length (AL) elongation.Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 67 children were included; 22 patients were randomly assigned to the SA group (spectacles and 0.01% atropine), 24 patients were randomly assigned to the OK group (OK), and 21 patients were randomly assigned to the OKA group (OK and 0.01% atropine). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were performed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.Results: After 1 month, SFChT increased by 5.41 ± 1.65 μm in the SA group, 17.46 ± 2.79 μm in the OK group, and 20.19 ± 2.18 μm in the OKA group (P = 0.00), while AL was not significantly increased. After 12 months, the changes of SFChT were not increased significantly compared with that at 1 month; AL increased by 0.20 ± 0.03 mm in the SA group, 0.28 ± 0.03 mm in the OK group, and 0.14 ± 0.03 mm in the OKA group (P = 0.00). The change in SFChT at 12 month was negatively correlated with the change in AL at 12 months.Conclusion: The control of AL elongation was better with 0.01% atropine than with OK lenses. The increase in SFChT was greater with OK lenses and the changes were significant after only 1 month. In addition, the increase in SFChT may influence AL elongation and myopia progression.