bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulses of anthropogenic food availability appear to benefit parents, but compromise nestling growth in urban red-winged starlings
Authors: Catto Sarah , Sumasgutner Petra , Amar Arjun , Thomson Robert L. , Cunningham Susan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe provision of anthropogenic food undoubtedly influences urban bird fitness. However, the nature of the impact is unclear, with both benefits and costs of urban diets documented. Moreover, the influence of short-term fluctuations in food availability, linked to urban weekday/weekend cycles of human presence, is largely unknown. We explored whether breeding red-winged starlings Onychognathus morio in Cape Town, South Africa, altered foraging and provisioning behaviour between days with high human presence (HHP) and days with low human presence (LHP)—i.e. weekdays versus weekends and vacation days. We investigated the relationship between starling diet, adult body mass and nestling development. Breeding adults consumed and provisioned the same quantity of food, but a significantly greater proportion of anthropogenic food on HHP compared to LHP days. Adults apparently benefited from the anthropogenic diet, experiencing significantly greater mass gain on HHP days. However, nestlings experienced a cost, with the number of HHP days during the nestling period associated negatively with nestling size. Adults may, therefore, benefit from the high calorie content of anthropogenic food, while nestlings may be negatively affected by nutrient limitation. The quantity of food available in urban environments may, therefore, benefit adult survival, while its quality imposes a cost to nestling growth.
Pharmacokinetic properties of a novel formulation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine phytate
Authors: Francioso Antonio , Fanelli Sergio , d’Erme Maria , Lendaro Eugenio , Miraglia Niccolò , Fontana Mario , Cavallaro Rosaria A. , Mosca Luciana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractS-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), the main endogenous methyl donor, is the adenosyl derivative of the amino acid methionine, which displays many important roles in cellular metabolism. It is widely used as a food supplement and in some countries is also marketed as a drug. Its interesting nutraceutical and pharmacological properties prompted us to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a new form of SAM, the phytate salt. The product was administered orally to rats and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by comparing the results with that obtained by administering the SAM tosylated form (SAM PTS). It was found that phytate anion protects SAM from degradation, probably because of steric hindrance exerted by the counterion, and that the SAM phytate displayed significant better pharmacokinetic parameters compared to SAM PTS. These results open to the perspective of the use of new salts of SAM endowed with better pharmacokinetic properties.
Learning social networks from text data using covariate information
Authors: Yang Xiaoyi , Niezink Nynke M. D. , Nugent Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccurately describing the lives of historical figures can be challenging, but unraveling their social structures perhaps is even more so. Historical social network analysis methods can help in this regard and may even illuminate individuals who have been overlooked by historians, but turn out to be influential social connection points. Text data, such as biographies, are a useful source of information for learning historical social networks but the identifcation of links based on text data can be challenging. The Local Poisson Graphical Lasso model models social networks by conditional independence structures, and leverages the number of name co-mentions in the text to infer relationships. However, this method does not take into account the abundance of covariate information that is often available in text data. Conditional independence structure like Poisson Graphical Model, which makes use name mention counts in the text can be useful tools to avoid false positive links due to the co-mentions but given historical tendency of frequently used or common names, without additional distinguishing information, we may introduce incorrect connections. In this work, we therefore extend the Local Poisson Graphical Lasso model with a (multiple) penalty structure that incorporates covariates, opening up the opportunity for similar individuals to have a higher probability of being connected. We propose both greedy and Bayesian approaches to estimate the penalty parameters. We present results on data simulated with characteristics of historical networks and show that this type of penalty structure can improve network recovery as measured by precision and recall. We also illustrate the approach on biographical data of individuals who lived in early modern Britain between 1500 and 1575. We will show how these covariates affect the statistical model’s performance using simulations, discuss how it helps to better identify links for the people with common names and those who are traditionally underrepresented in the biography text data.
Addressing inequal risk exposure in the development of automated vehicles
Authors: Dietrich Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutomated vehicles (AVs) are expected to operate on public roads, together with non-automated vehicles and other road users such as pedestrians or bicycles. Recent ethical reports and guidelines raise worries that AVs will introduce injustice or reinforce existing social inequalities in road traffic. One major injustice concern in today’s traffic is that different types of road users are exposed differently to risks of corporal harm. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the responsibility of AV developers to address existing injustice concerns regarding risk exposure as well as approaches on how to fulfill the responsibility for a fairer distribution of risk. In contrast to popular approaches on the ethics of risk distribution in unavoidable accident cases, we focus on low and moderate risk situations, referred to as routine driving. For routine driving, the obligation to distribute risks fairly must be discussed in the context of risk-taking and risk-acceptance, balancing safety objectives of occupants and other road users with driving utility. In the second part of the paper, we present a typical architecture for decentralized automated driving which contains a dedicated module for real-time risk estimation and management. We examine how risk estimation modules can be adjusted and parameterized to redress some inequalities.
Technical and radiological characterisation of fly ash and bottom ash from thermal power plant
Authors: Fidanchevski Emilija , Angjusheva Biljana , Jovanov Vojo , Murtanovski Pece , Vladiceska Ljubica , Aluloska Nikolina Stamatovska , Nikolic Jelena Krneta , Ipavec Andrej , Šter Katarina , Mrak Maruša , Dolenec Sabina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuge quantities of fly ash and bottom ash are generated from thermal power plants and it presents great concern for country, mainly due to the environmental effects. In this study, fly ashes and bottom ash were characterized from technical and radiological aspects. Health effect due to the activity of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was estimated via radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazards index (Hex), the external absorbed dose rate (D) and annual effective dose rate (EDR). The specific surface area (40.25 m2 g−1), particle density (1.88 g cm−3) and LOI (23.49%) were typical for bottom ash. Siliceous fly ash contained 32% reactive silica. The annual effective dose rate for all ashes is ≤ 0.2 mSv y−1. Both, fly ash and bottom ash present potential secondary raw materials to be used for building purposes as result of their technological and radiological assessment.
Crystalline structure and reinforcement in hybrid PP composites
Authors: Várdai R. , Schäffer Á. , Ferdinánd M. , Lummerstorfer T. , Jerabek M. , Gahleitner M. , Faludi G. , Móczó J. , Pukánszky B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid composites were prepared from a PP homopolymer, talc and PVA fibers by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. Talc was added to improve stiffness, while the fibers serve to increase impact resistance. Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and impact testing, while structure was studied by SEM and optical microscopy. The results showed that talc has a strong nucleating effect in the PP used in spite of the fact that the grade contained a nucleating agent inherently. PVA also nucleated the PP slightly, with trans-crystallization occurring around the fibers. The effect of the two components was independent of each other on lamella thickness, but crystallinity decreased with increasing PVA content in the hybrid composites. The results clearly showed that crystalline structure changes considerably upon the addition of the two components, both lamella thickness and crystallinity increasing. However, somewhat contradictorily, the effect of these changes on the mechanical properties of the composites is small. Model calculations have shown that stiffness increases by about 0.5 GPa due to nucleation, while moduli as large as 7 GPa are reached by the addition of talc. Impact resistance is completely independent of lamella thickness or crystallinity; this property is determined mainly by local deformation processes initiated by the PVA fibers. Dispersed structure and the direct effect of the additive determine properties in the hybrid composites studied, and the role of crystalline structure is of secondary importance.
Documentary quality versus veracity of information of the websites on syphilis and gonorrhea
Authors: Sanz-Lorente María , Moles-Caballero Natalia , Wanden-Berghe Carmina , Sanz-Valero Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective: Analyze the possible relation between the documentary quality (DQ) versus the veracity of information (VI) on the syphilis and gonorrhea web pages. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of websites containing information about syphilis and gonorrhea, by accessing this population through a Google. The quality was studied by using 8 variables belonging to DQ and 7 variables of the VI. Results: A total of 440 active websites mainly belonging to mass media and private entities was assessed. The fulfillment of DQ gave the following results: Mean 3.46 ± 0.07, median 4 and range from 0 to 7. The VI result was: median 4.07 ± 0.09, median 4 and range from 0 to 7. According to the search athwart syphilis or gonorrhea, the contrast of the median of the two indicators was: 3.55 vs 3.37 p = 0.181 and 4.14 vs 4.00 p = 0.442. No correlation was verified amid the data of DQ and VI (R = 0.04); p = 0.368. Similarly, no significance was observed when segregating data by disease, in the case of syphilis R = -0.03; p = 0.625 and on gonorrhea R = 0.12; p = 0.064. Conclusions: The DQ and VI bestowed low outcomes, which implies poor quality of syphilis and gonorrhea websites. According to infection (syphilis or gonorrhea), there were no meaningful differences amid the median values of the two indicators. Being acquainted with the authorship and affiliation of a website and the fact that it is tied to a prestigious web may be a factor to be deemed when predicting the VI of a website. The correlation amid the two indicators did not demonstrate an association, thus, knowing the DQ does not imply having the security of an adequate VI.
The Gender Life Satisfaction/Depression Paradox
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Conzo Gianluigi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccording to the gender life satisfaction/depression paradox women are significantly more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction than men after controlling for all relevant socio-demographic factors, but also significantly more likely to declare they are depressed. We find that the paradox holds in the cross-country sample of the European Social Survey and is stable across age, education, self-assessed health, macroregion and survey round splits. We find support for the affect intensity rationale showing that women are relatively more affected in their satisfaction about life by the good or bad events or achievements occurring during their existence and less resilient (less likely to revert to their standard levels of happiness after a shock). We as well discuss biological, genetic, cultural, personality rationales advocated in the literature that can explain our findings.
Systematic and data-driven literature review of the energy and indoor environmental performance of swimming facilities
Authors: Smedegård Ole Øiene , Aas Bjørn , Stene Jørn , Georges Laurent , Carlucci Salvatore 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the last few decades, focus on measures for energy conservation in buildings has increased considerably. The European Commission implemented the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which gave instructions to the member states about how to reduce energy consumption in residential and non-residential buildings. In the process of making the building sector more energy efficient, the building codes generally have become stricter with some simplifications applied in the requirements. For swimming facilities in Norway, these simplifications are undermining the purpose of the code by excluding the energy use related to the operation of swimming pools, which is the main part of the energy use in this building category. In other words, the energy use related to operation of the facility is not regulated. Furthermore, guidelines for the planning and operation of these types of facilities are outdated and research for this building category is sparse. These three aspects mean that there is a considerable potential for improvement. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review with bibliometric and thematic analyses of the contextualized research in swimming facilities from a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning perspective. It maps the major trends during the past few decades, where areas like solar heating for outdoor pools, energy consumption, and air quality stand out. Except for air quality and disinfection by-products, research on these facilities is highly fragmented without any strong contributors to the various fields.Graphical abstract
Massive cryptic microbe-sponge deposits in a Devonian fore-reef slope (Elbingerode Reef Complex, Harz Mts., Germany)
Authors: Gischler Eberhard , Fuchs Arnold , Bach Wolfgang , Reitner Joachim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA massive occurrence of microbial carbonates, including abundant sponge remains, within the Devonian Elbingerode Reef Complex was likely deposited in a former cavity of the fore-reef slope during the early Frasnian. It is suggested that the formation of microbial carbonate was to a large part favored by the activity of heterotrophic, i.e., sulfate-reducing bacteria, in analogy to Quaternary coral reef microbialites. The Elbingerode Reef Complex is an example of an oceanic or Darwinian barrier reef system. In modern barrier reef settings, microbialite formation is commonly further facilitated by weathering products from the central volcanic islands. The Devonian microbialites of the Elbingerode Reef Complex occur in the form of reticulate and laminated frameworks. Reticulate framework is rich in hexactinellid glass sponges, the tissue decay of which led to the formation of abundant micrite as well as peloidal and stromatactis textures. Supposed calcimicrobes such as Angusticellularia (formerly Angulocellularia) and Frutexites, also known from cryptic habitats, were part of the microbial association. The microbial degradation of sponge tissue likely also contributed to the laminated framework accretion as evidenced by the occurrence of remains of so-called “keratose” demosponges. Further typical textures in the microbialite of the Elbingerode Reef Complex include zebra limestone, i.e., the more or less regular intercalation of microbial carbonate and cement. Elevated concentrations of magnesium in the microbialite as compared to the surrounding metazoan (stromatoporoid-coral) reef limestone suggests that the microbialite of the Elbingerode Reef Complex was initially rich in high-magnesium calcite, which would be yet another parallel to modern, cryptic coral reef microbial carbonates. Deposition and accretion of the microbialite largely occurred in oxygenated seawater with suboxic episodes as indicated by the trace element (REE + Y) data.
Optimizing the development strategy of combined steam flooding & cyclic steam stimulation for enhanced heavy oil recovery through reservoir proxy modeling
Authors: Swadesi Boni , Ahmad Muraji Suranto , Kurniawan Aditya , Widiyaningsih Indah , Widyaningsih Ratna , Budiarto Agung , Aslam Billal Maydika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermal injection methods are usually used for high viscosity oil. The results of previous studies showed that the combination of SF and SFF had the highest increase in oil recovery but still requires further study to determine the optimum strategy. This work is purposed to optimize the development scenario of a combined CSS-SF applied to a heavy oil field located in Sumatera, Indonesia. The recovery factor and NPV become the objective function, and several given and controlled parameters sensitivity toward the objective function are studied. A proxy model based on quadratic multivariate regression is developed to evaluate and get the desired objective function. The reservoir simulation of the thermal recovery process is done using CMG-STARS simulator. The overall workflow of scenario optimization is conducted using CMOST™ module. Optimum development scenario is obtained through maximization of the objective function. This work shows that the combination of proxy model development and optimization results in the best scenario of combined CSS-SF for heavy oil recovery.
Starlikeness of certain non-univalent functions
Authors: Lecko Adam , Ravichandran V. , Sebastian Asha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider three classes of functions defined using the class$${\mathcal {P}}$$Pof all analytic functions$$p(z)=1+cz+\cdots $$p(z)=1+cz+⋯on the open unit disk having positive real part and study several radius problems for these classes. The first class consists of all normalized analytic functionsfwith$$f/g\in {\mathcal {P}}$$f/g∈Pand$$g/(zp)\in {\mathcal {P}}$$g/(zp)∈Pfor some normalized analytic functiongand$$p\in {\mathcal {P}}$$p∈P. The second class is defined by replacing the condition$$f/g\in {\mathcal {P}}$$f/g∈Pby$$|(f/g)-1|<1$$|(f/g)-1|<1while the other class consists of normalized analytic functionsfwith$$f/(zp)\in {\mathcal {P}}$$f/(zp)∈Pfor some$$p\in {\mathcal {P}}$$p∈P. We have determined radii so that the functions in these classes to belong to various subclasses of starlike functions. These subclasses includes the classes of starlike functions of order$$\alpha $$α, parabolic starlike functions, as well as the classes of starlike functions associated with lemniscate of Bernoulli, reverse lemniscate, sine function, a rational function, cardioid, lune, nephroid and modified sigmoid function.
Drug combination screening as a translational approach toward an improved drug therapy for chordoma
Authors: Scheipl Susanne , Barnard Michelle , Lohberger Birgit , Zettl Richard , Brcic Iva , Liegl-Atzwanger Bernadette , Rinner Beate , Meindl Claudia , Fröhlich Eleonore 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Drug screening programmes have revealed epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRis) as promising therapeutics for chordoma, an orphan malignant bone tumour, in the absence of a known genetic driver. Concurrently, the irreversible EGFRi afatinib (Giotrif®) is being evaluated in a multicentric Phase II trial. As tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapies are invariably followed by resistance, we aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic combinations with EGFRis.

Methods
We screened 133 clinically approved anticancer drugs as single agents and in combination with two EGFRis (afatinib and erlotinib) in the clival chordoma cell line UM-Chor1. Synergistic combinations were analysed in a 7 × 7 matrix format. The most promising combination was further explored in clival (UM-Chor1, MUG-CC1) and sacral (MUG-Chor1, U-CH1) chordoma cell lines. Secretomes were analysed for receptor tyrosine kinase ligands (EGF, TGF-α, FGF-2 and VEGF-A) upon drug treatment.

Results
Drugs that were active as single agents (n = 45) included TKIs, HDAC and proteasome inhibitors, and cytostatic drugs. Six combinations were analysed in a matrix format: n = 4 resulted in a significantly increased cell killing (crizotinib, dabrafenib, panobinostat and doxorubicin), and n = 2 exhibited no or negligible effects (regorafenib, venetoclax). Clival chordoma cell lines were more responsive to combined EGFR-MET inhibition. EGFR-MET cross-talk (e.g. via TGF-α secretion) likely accounts for the synergistic effects of EGFR-MET inhibition.

Conclusion
Our screen revealed promising combinations with EGFRis, such as the ALK/MET-inhibitor crizotinib, the HDAC-inhibitor panobinostat or the topoisomerase-II-inhibitor doxorubicin, which are part of standard chemotherapy regimens for various bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
Electronic structure and enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of RuxZn1−xO/Ti electrodes
Authors: Shao Yanqun , Feng Keke , Guo Jie , Zhang Rongrong , He Sijiang , Wei Xinli , Lin Yuting , Ye Zhanghao , Chen Kongfa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModification is one of the most important and effective methods to improve the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of ZnO. In this paper, the RuxZn1−xO/Ti electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method and the effect of Ru content on those electrodes’ electronic structure was analyzed through the first-principles calculation. Various tests were also performed to observe the microstructures and PEC performance. The results showed that as the Ru4+ transferred into ZnO lattice and replaced a number of Zn2+, the conduction band of ZnO moved downward and the valence band went upward. The number of photogenerated electron-hole pairs increased as the impurity levels appeared in the band gap. In addition, ZnO nanorods exhibited a smaller grain size and a rougher surface under the effect of Ru. Meanwhile, the RuO2 nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO nanorods acted as the electron-transfer channel, helping electrons transfer to the counter electrode and delaying the recombination of the electron-hole pairs. Specifically, the RuxZn1−xO/Ti electrodes with 9.375 mol% Ru exhibited the best PEC performance with a rhodamine B (RhB) removal rate of 97%, much higher than the combination of electrocatalysis (EC, 12%) and photocatalysis (PC, 50%), confirming the synergy of photoelectrocatalysis.
Optimized sintering and mechanical properties of Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations by adding lithium disilicate glass ceramics
Authors: Li Ke , Rao Jiancun , Ning Congqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe novel dental ceramics can be fabricated at lower temperatures when sol-gel derived lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDGC) was used as an additive for yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramics. The effect of LDGC on the sintering, mechanical, and translucent properties of Y-TZP ceramics was investigated in the present study. The results showed that the LDGC additive effectively improved the densification of Y-TZP at 1100 °C, which was much lower than the sintering temperature for pure Y-TZP. When sintered at 1100 °C, the Y-TZP with 1 wt% LDGC reached a relative density of 95.45%, and prossessed a flexural strength of 482.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.94 MPa·m1/2. Moreover, its translucency was also improved. While, the addition of LDGC could result in an escape of yttrium atoms from the grain lattice of zirconia, which induced the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation of zirconia and abnormal growth of monoclinic grains. The escaped yttrium atoms diffused into the intergranular glass phase. The results indicated that the novel Y-TZP-LDGC ceramics has a great potential to be used for all-ceramic restorations.