bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities Among Sexual Problems in Men: Results From an Internet Convenience Sample
Authors: Rowland David L. , Oosterhouse Laurel B. , Kneusel Julia A. , Hevesi Krisztina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Men suffering from one sexual problem sometimes report having another sexual problem, but few studies have determined concordance rates among dysfunctions in non-clinical samples.

Aim
This study determined comorbidities among sexual dysfunctions based on an internet convenience sample of 4432 men from Hungary, the USA, and other world regions that visit social media fora.

Method
Participants completed an online 55-item questionnaire that included questions assessing erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), delayed ejaculation (DE), and lack of sexual interest (LSI).

Main Outcome Measures
Concordance rates and odds ratios among sexual dysfunctions.

Results
Approximately 8% of men suffered from two or more sexual problems; men with a severe sexual problem were significantly more likely to suffer from a second sexual problem; concordance between PE and erectile dysfunction ranged from 23–29%, with subtypes of lifelong vs acquired PE showing patterns similar to one another; and most men with delayed ejaculation reported minimal problems with LSI, although LSI was generally key to understanding all other dysfunctions.

Conclusion
The percentage of men with one sexual problem having a second sexual problem was substantial, ranging from 23–40%. These findings will help clinicians better understand the intertwined nature of sexual problems and assist them in developing management protocols that address concomitant inadequacies in sexual response.
Genetic Profiles and Three-year Follow-up Study of Chinese Males with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Gao Yuting , Du Qin , Liu Liyi , Li Yanbing , Dey Subrata Kumar , Banerjee Santasree , Liao Zhihong 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe correlation between long-term treatment outcomes with genotypes in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) males is rarely reported.AimTo investigate the correlations among genotypes, phenotypes, and treatment outcomes for CHH male patients.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed for 73 Chinese CHH males from one academic center. Patients self-selected one of the 4 treatments: pulsatile Gonadorelin pump (PGP), cyclical gonadotropins therapy (CGT), human menopausal gonadotropin monotherapy, or testosterone replacement treatment. Clinical assessments were performed every 3 months for 3 years.OutcomesThe pathogenicity of variants was determined. Baseline clinical features, spermatogenesis outcomes were analysed.RESULTS62 variants were identified in 51 patients (69.9%), 17 of which were novel. Among these mutations, variants on FGFR1, PROKR2, CHD7, ANOS1 and NSMF gene were 16.1%, 16.1%, 11.3%, 8.1% and 8.1% respectively. 11 patients followed the oligogenic pattern (21.6%). All CHD7 patients had hearing impairment or structural deformities of external/inner ear, and were diagnosed as CHARGE syndrome. 24.7% of CHH patients manifested with ear/hearing anomalies. KS patients had higher rates of cryptorchidism history and ear/hearing anomalies than normosmic CHH subjects. Male patients with PROKR2 mutations showed relatively better testicular development, less dental deformity when compared with FGFR1 mutations. About 30% normosmic patients defined by simple olfactory assessment showed olfactory nerve center (ONC) dysplasia under nasal sinus MRI examination. Among the CHH males treated with CGT or PGP, 70.2% reached spermatogenesis within 3 years of treatment.Clinical ImplicationsNo direct correlation was observed between certain responsible genes and spermatogenic outcomes. When CHH patients were identified with CHD7 variants, ear/hearing evaluation should be carefully performed. The precise assessment of ONC development was advised for normosmic CHH subjects.Strengths & LimitationsThis study provided informative long-term treatment data of CHH male patients screened with whole exome sequencing. The limitations included small number of subgroups with multifaceted gene variants, clinical heterogeneity, and uncontrolled sperm-inducing treatment method. The seventeen novel mutations worth experimental validation in the future.CONCLUSIONThe clinical severity is partially related with specific gene variants, and detailed individualized data and outcomes were provided. Ear/hearing anomalies were closely connected with CHD7 variants, and were common problems for CHH patients. Simple olfactory assessment underestimated the true olfactory deficit.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Dengue Virus Co-infection: Indian Perspectives
Authors: Venkatesh U. , Ish Pranav , Kumari Shilpi , Gupta Nitesh , Sharma Akash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and Dengue virus (DENV) Coinfection can be a pertinent issue in a country like India, where Dengue is endemic, and Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is also reported from all states of the country. The coinfection of these viruses has already been reported in different dengue‐endemic countries like Singapore, Thailand, and Bangladesh. The outcome and the dynamics of each of the diseases may be altered in the presence of coinfection. We highlighted the critical characteristic similarities and differences between COVID-19 and Dengue infection & the specific point, which may challenge diagnosing and managing these coinfections. COVID-19 and Dengue coinfection can be deadly in combination with an atypical presentation, providing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A high index of suspicion, early recognition of symptoms, and warning signs are vital to prevent double jeopardy.
DESIGNING FOR CALIBRATED TRUST: EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES IN CALIBRATING TRUST BETWEEN USERS AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Authors: Valentine David Callisto , Smit Iskander , Kim Euiyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrust is an important factor in building acceptance of autonomous vehicles within our society, but the complex nature of trust makes it challenging to design for an appropriate level of trust. This can lead to instances of mistrust and/or distrust between users and AV’s. Designing for calibrated trust is a possible option to address this challenge. Existing research on designing for calibrated trust focuses on the human machine interaction (HMI), while from literature we infer that trust creation beings much before the first interaction between a user and an AV. The goal of our research is to broaden the scope of calibrated trust, by exploring the pre-use phase and understand the challenges faced in calibration of trust. Within our study 16 mobility experts were interviewed and a thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted. The analysis revealed the lack of clear communication between stakeholders, a solutionism approach towards designing and lack of transparency in design as the prominent challenges. Building on the research insights, we briefly introduce the Calibrated Trust Toolkit as our design solution, and conclude by proposing a sweet spot for achieving calibration of trust between users and autonomous vehicles.
AN APPROACH FOR SEMI-AUTOMATIC REDESIGN OF MECHATRONIC PRODUCTS BY MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMISATION
Authors: Walter Leonie , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechatronic products are widely spread today, but their development still is a challenge. In addition, with the trend of individualisation, not only one solution must be designed but multiple configurations are needed to fulfil customer-specific requirements. To reduce cost and development time, usually existing products are adapted for this purpose. Even though a lot of knowledge is already available through the previous product version, because of multiple disciplines that must be considered in mechatronic systems, even redesign processes are complex. To support the adaption of mechatronic products to changed requirements, an approach to systematically reuse the knowledge available from previous product versions is proposed in this contribution. Through multidisciplinary behaviour optimisation, the solution space is reduced to build an adapted product meeting the new requirements. The approach is explained in detail and illustrated with the example of an electric window regulator and the results are discussed thoroughly.
BRINGING SYSTEMIC DESIGN IN THE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE: THE CASE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN AN ACADEMIC CONTEXT
Authors: Jacoby Alexis JP , Van Ael Kristel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe field of design practice and design education is reaching out to address problems that cannot be solved by introducing a single product or service. Complex societal problems such as gender inequality cannot be solved using a traditional problem-solving oriented design approach. The specific characteristics of these problems require new ways of dealing with the dynamics, scale and complexity of the problem.Systemic design is a design approach integrating systems thinking in combination with more traditional design methodologies, addressing complex and systemic problems. This paper reports a systemic design approach in an educational context for the case of academic gender inequality. We show the way the problem was addressed and how design students were invited to take a systemic perspective, provide integrated interventions and take first steps in providing instruments for implementation. We conclude with the learnings from this case study, both on the process and the results.
COMPARING DESIGN OUTCOMES ACHIEVED BY TEAMS OF EXPERT AND NOVICE DESIGNERS THROUGH AGENT-BASED SIMULATION
Authors: Singh Harshika , Cascini Gaetano , McComb Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious research has shown that experienced and novice individuals behave and think differently. Although experienced individuals are better at solving problems, organisations are constantly forming teams of experienced and novice designers to work together on their projects. It is crucial to understand how these teams affect the design outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate how collaborative design teams perform when composed of varying numbers of experienced and novice agents. Specifically in this paper, teams work on a routine task and design outcomes are measured in terms of quality, variety, and exploration of the design space. Since the parameters in the empirical laboratory experiments are difficult to control, an agent-based model was used to simulate these teams. In general, the results show that a team of novice agents with a small number of experienced agents produces solutions of higher quality than an all novice team of agents. However, an all novice team of agents does provide a higher variety of solutions. These results have important implications when teams of experienced and novice designers are formed to work together in practice.
DERIVATION OF MOTIVATORS FOR THE USE OF ALUMINUM FOAM SANDWICH AND ADVANTAGEOUS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hommel Patrick , Roth Daniel , Binz Hansgeorg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAluminum foam sandwich (AFS) is an innovative material combination for designing lighter products and has many advantages such as a high bending stiffness at a low density and good energy absorption properties. Although the material is ready for series production, the number of industrial applications is low because of the high costs of the material, a lack of design knowledge and missing reference applications. This paper focuses on the aspect of missing reference applications and how to improve this situation in order to give designers an idea of where the material could be used profitably and to provide the basis for a selection method. Therefore, a systematic literature review is carried out to identify profitable applications with their respective advantages. As a main result, a set of motivators for the use of aluminum foam sandwich is developed, which will support the designer in evaluating the potential use of aluminum foam sandwich.
Neural network approximation
Authors: DeVore Ronald , Hanin Boris , Petrova Guergana 
Published: August 2021

Neural networks (NNs) are the method of choice for building learning algorithms. They are now being investigated for other numerical tasks such as solving high-dimensional partial differential equations. Their popularity stems from their empirical success on several challenging learning problems (computer chess/Go, autonomous navigation, face recognition). However, most scholars agree that a convincing theoretical explanation for this success is still lacking. Since these applications revolve around approximating an unknown function from data observations, part of the answer must involve the ability of NNs to produce accurate approximations.This article surveys the known approximation properties of the outputs of NNs with the aim of uncovering the properties that are not present in the more traditional methods of approximation used in numerical analysis, such as approximations using polynomials, wavelets, rational functions and splines. Comparisons are made with traditional approximation methods from the viewpoint of rate distortion, i.e. error versus the number of parameters used to create the approximant. Another major component in the analysis of numerical approximation is the computational time needed to construct the approximation, and this in turn is intimately connected with the stability of the approximation algorithm. So the stability of numerical approximation using NNs is a large part of the analysis put forward.The survey, for the most part, is concerned with NNs using the popular ReLU activation function. In this case the outputs of the NNs are piecewise linear functions on rather complicated partitions of the domain of f into cells that are convex polytopes. When the architecture of the NN is fixed and the parameters are allowed to vary, the set of output functions of the NN is a parametrized nonlinear manifold. It is shown that this manifold has certain space-filling properties leading to an increased ability to approximate (better rate distortion) but at the expense of numerical stability. The space filling creates the challenge to the numerical method of finding best or good parameter choices when trying to approximate.
Online Learning Probabilistic Event Calculus Theories in Answer Set Programming
Authors: KATZOURIS NIKOS , PALIOURAS GEORGIOS , ARTIKIS ALEXANDER 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComplex Event Recognition (CER) systems detect event occurrences in streaming time-stamped input using predefined event patterns. Logic-based approaches are of special interest in CER, since, via Statistical Relational AI, they combine uncertainty-resilient reasoning with time and change, with machine learning, thus alleviating the cost of manual event pattern authoring. We present a system based on Answer Set Programming (ASP), capable of probabilistic reasoning with complex event patterns in the form of weighted rules in the Event Calculus, whose structure and weights are learnt online. We compare our ASP-based implementation with a Markov Logic-based one and with a number of state-of-the-art batch learning algorithms on CER data sets for activity recognition, maritime surveillance and fleet management. Our results demonstrate the superiority of our novel approach, both in terms of efficiency and predictive performance. This paper is under consideration for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
Where and When to Collect Tracer Data to Diagnose Hillslope Permeability Architecture
Authors: Ameli Ali A. , Laudon Hjalmar , Teutschbein Claudia , Bishop Kevin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe permeability architecture has a major influence on hillslope flow path and hydrogeochemistry. To constrain this architecture and overcome equifinality in the diagnosis of hillslope flow paths within hydrologic transport models, different types of complementary data (e.g., tracer) have been recommended. However, there is still little information on the extent to which such complementary data can unravel the permeability architecture, and where and when to measure such data to most efficiently constrain models. Here, we couple a Richards‐based flow and transport model with extensive long‐term field measurements to compare the relative value of different types of hydrometric and tracer data in discriminating between contrasting permeability (or saturated hydraulic conductivity ()) architectures, in the absence of macropore flow. Our results show that compared to streamflow and water table observations, stream tracer data have a stronger evaluative potential to constrain hillslope vertical pattern in , in particular during seasons when flow is on average low (e.g., winter or summer). Tracer data from within the hillslope are even more helpful to discriminate between different vertical patterns in Ks than stream tracer data. This suggests a higher evaluative potential for hillslope tracer observations. This evaluative potential of hillslope data depends on where and when the data are collected, and increases with depth from the soil surface, with distance from the stream and during seasons when flow is low. The findings also emphasize the importance of incorporating hillslope permeability architecture in hydrologic transport models in order to reduce the uncertainty in the predictions of stream water quality.
Interactions Between Gas Slug Ascent and Exchange Flow in the Conduit of Persistently Active Volcanoes
Authors: Qin Zhipeng , Beckett Frances M. , Rust Alison C. , Suckale Jenny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany volcanoes around the world are persistently active with continuous degassing for years or even centuries, sometimes exceeding historic records. Such long‐term stability contrasts with short‐term instability, reflected in eruptive episodes that punctuate passive degassing. These two aspects of persistent activity, long‐term stability as opposed to short‐term instability, are often conceptualized through two distinct model frameworks: Exchange‐flow in volcanic conduits is commonly invoked to explain the long‐term thermal balance and sustained passive degassing, while the ascent of large gas slugs is called upon to understand explosive eruptions. While typically considered separately, we propose here that both flow processes could occur jointly in the conduits of persistently active volcanoes and in transient connections between subvolcanic melt lenses. To understand the dynamic interplay between exchange flow and slug ascent, we link analogue laboratory experiments with direct numerical simulations. We find that the two flows superimpose without creating major disruptions when only considering the ascent of a single gas slug. However, the sequential ascent of multiple gas slugs is disruptive to the ambient exchange flow, because it may entail continual buildup of buoyant magma at depth. While our study focuses on the laboratory scale, we propose that the dependence of exchange‐flow stability on sequential slug ascent is relevant for understanding why explosive sequences are sometimes followed by effusive eruptions. Taken together, our work suggests that integrating exchange flow and slug ascent could provide a more complete understanding of persistently active volcanoes than either model framework offers in isolation.
Sustained‐Flux Global Warming Potential Driven by Nitrogen Inflow and Hydroperiod in a Model of Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Yuan Y. , Sharp S. J. , Martina J. P. , Elgersma K. J. , Currie W. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWetlands impact global warming by regulating the atmospheric exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). We investigated GHG emissions in the Great Lakes coastal wetlands across various hydrologic, temperature, and nitrogen (N) inflow regimes using a process‐based simulation model. We found the emission of CH4, N2O, and sequestration of C (i.e., negative net ecosystem exchange, NEE) in our simulations were all positively related to water residence time and N inflow, primarily due to greater plant productivity and N uptake, which facilitated greater C and N cycling rates in the model. Water level scenarios also had an effect on GHG exchanges by moderating the transitions between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Temperature effects on GHGs were minimal compared with other factors. The net sustained‐flux global warming potential (SGWP; i.e., sum SGWP of CH4, N2O, and NEE) of wetlands on 20‐year and 100‐year time horizons were both primarily driven by CH4 emissions and strongly controlled by the tradeoffs between CH4 emission and CO2 sequestration, with a negligible amount of simulated N2O emissions. Future research could include model enhancements to provide increased process‐level details on the aerobic‐anaerobic transitions or the direct effects of plants on mediating GHG exchanges. Field studies addressing the interaction of N inflows and water residence time at appropriately large scales are needed to test the complex interactions revealed by our modeling study. Our results highlight the previously under‐appreciated role of nitrogen and water residence time in modulating SGWP in coastal wetlands.
Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees
Authors: Goralogia Greg S. , Howe Glenn T. , Brunner Amy M. , Helliwell Emily , Nagle Michael F. , Ma Cathleen , Lu Haiwei , Goddard Amanda L. , Magnuson Anna C. , Klocko Amy L. , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants, particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as poplar. We report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), a homolog of the Arabidopsis MADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic poplars. Higher expression of SVL correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance, and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics, tree form, or stem volume. Overexpression effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and genotype-specific. Our results suggest that use of SVL and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.