bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creative expressiveness in childhood writing predicts educational achievement beyond motivation and intelligence: A longitudinal, genetically informed study
Authors: Toivainen Teemu , Madrid‐Valero Juan J , Chapman Robert , McMillan Andrew , Oliver Bonamy R. , Kovas Yulia 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCreativity is linked with educationally relevant constructs such as achievement, intelligence, and motivation. However, very few studies have explored longitudinal links between the constructs or the aetiology of individual differences in childhood creativity.AimsThe study addresses the gap in the literature of developmental studies on the relationship of creativity with other educationally relevant measures. Additionally, the present study is the first adequately powered genetically informative analysis of childhood creativity.Sample(s)The present study utilized data from 1,306 twins, a subsample from a longitudinal, representative twin sample in the UK.MethodsCreativity was operationalised as a Creative Expressiveness score, using the Consensual Assessment Technique on stories written by 9‐year‐olds. Intelligence and writing motivation were assessed at age 9. Academic achievement was collected at ages 9, 12, and 16.ResultsCreative Expressiveness was associated with intelligence and motivation, all measured at age 9. It also predicted variance in English grades at ages 9 and 16. The associations were weak, but significant, over and above intelligence, motivation, and earlier English grades. The variance in Creative Expressiveness was explained by genetic (35%), shared environmental (21%), and non‐shared environmental (45%) influences. The phenotypic correlations with other study variables were mainly mediated genetically.ConclusionsThe results provide information that can be used for planning educational content. First, creativity can be detected in childhood writing. Second, childhood creativity may be overlooked in early educational assessments. Third, the results from the genetic analyses are important indications on the role of environments in the development of creativity.
Gamma/delta T‐cell lymphoma with mycosis fungoides‐like clinical course transforming to “T‐cell‐receptor‐silent” aggressive lymphoma: Description of one case
Authors: Tomasini Dario , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Hotz Annamaria , Cione Stefania , Cecchetti Caterina , Ciambelli Fabrizio , Crivelli Filippo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrimary cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphomas (PCGDTLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas representing about 1% of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and mostly regarded as clinically aggressive. Current WHO‐EORTC classification recognizes different clinic‐pathologic subsets of PCGDTL, but it suggests that cases showing a mycosis fungoides (MF)‐like clinical presentation and histopathology should be classified as MF irrespective of phenotype for their indolent course. Herein, we describe a case of γδ‐MF, featuring at onset a granulomatous pattern, with subsequent clinical worsening signaled by the development of an ulcero‐necrotic lesion and systemic dissemination, leading to death in 5 months. Clinical progression was sustained by a shift to mature T‐cell lymphoma composed of medium to large‐sized blastoid T‐cells featuring a T‐cell receptor (TCR) silent immunophenotype.
Well‐being and employment of young people in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam: Is work enough?
Authors: Carmichael Fiona , Darko Christian K. , Vasilakos Nicholas 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMotivationInvesting in youth employment is central to development agendas. However, policy directed towards increasing employment rates among young people needs to consider the well‐being implications of the different kinds of jobs they are able to access. This would help countries to meet the Sustainable Development Goal of decent work for all, including young people, by 2030.PurposeThis article examines the association between the well‐being of young people in Ethiopia, Peru, India, and Vietnam and their employment and the job attributes of the work they do.Methods and approachThe study uses five waves of the Young Lives longitudinal survey for a sample of children who are followed from the ages of eight to 22. Regression analysis estimates the relationship between well‐being, employment, and job attributes, taking into account gender, wealth, current, and childhood health, and exposure to shocks over life‐courses from the age of eight.FindingsThe results show that in these four countries, employment does not have an unqualified positive effect on well‐being. Not all jobs are “good jobs.” Job attributes matter, specifically, who employs the individual, their pay, the work environment, and the pride they take in their work. Well‐being is predicted by current and childhood health and household wealth with ownership of consumer durables associated more strongly with well‐being than housing quality or access to services. Greater exposure to shocks from the age of eight is found to have lasting effects on well‐being into young adulthood.Policy implicationsPolicy aimed at improving young people’s opportunities for employment in the Global South also to consider the types of jobs they are able to access and how this impacts their well‐being. Policy also needs to take into account pre‐labour market conditions and circumstances.
Minor troponin T elevation and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Paana Tuomas , Jaakkola Samuli , Biancari Fausto , Nuotio Ilpo , Vasankari Tuija , Kiviniemi Tuomas O. , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the association of minor troponin elevation in unselected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with adverse events. In this study, we sought to assess the early and mid‐term mortality of these patients.MethodsIn this observational study, 2911 patients with AF were admitted to the ED. They were divided into 3 groups based on peak high‐sensitivity troponin (TnT) levels: normal (<15 ng/L), 15‐50 ng/L and 51‐100 ng/L. The primary outcomes of this study were all‐cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was 6.7% (n = 196) at 30 days and 22.2% (n = 646) at 1 year. Mortality rate increased along with increasing levels of TnT irrespective of baseline covariates, primary discharge diagnosis and type of AF. A significant association between TnT levels and all‐cause mortality was observed. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) at 30 days was 6.02 (95% CI 2.62‐13.83) for TnT 15‐50 ng/L and 11.28 (95% CI 4.87‐26.12) for TnT 51‐100 ng/L (P<.001 for both) compared to TnT <15 ng/L. At 1 year, the adjusted HRs were 3.08 (95% CI 2.15‐4.40) and 5.07 (95% CI 3.49‐7.35), respectively (P < .001). When patients with TnT <15 ng/L were divided into two groups at the median value, TnT elevation of 10 to 14 ng/L was also associated with increased 1‐year mortality (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.09‐5.74; P = .03).ConclusionsAmong patients with AF admitted to the ED, increased TnT levels were associated with increased early and mid‐term all‐cause mortality irrespective of baseline covariates and type of AF.
Epigenetic regulation during melanocyte development and homeostasis
Authors: Dilshat Ramile , Vu Hong Nhung , Steingrímsson Eiríkur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMelanocytes originate in the neural crest as precursor cells which then migrate and proliferate to reach their destination where they differentiate into pigment‐producing cells. Melanocytes not only determine the colour of hair, skin and eyes but also protect against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The establishment of the melanocyte lineage is regulated by a defined set of transcription factors and signalling pathways that direct the specific gene expression programmes underpinning melanoblast specification, survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation. In addition, epigenetic modifiers and replacement histones play key roles in regulating gene expression and its timing during the different steps of this process. Here, we discuss the evidence for the role of epigenetic regulators in melanocyte development and function and how they interact with transcription factors and signalling pathways to establish and maintain this important cell lineage.
Investigation on stress microcycles and mild wear mechanism in gear contact fatigue
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhu Caichao , Liu Huaiju , Bai Houyi , Xu Xiaona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGear contact fatigue is becoming a primary limitation for the growing demand of power density and service life in gear‐driven equipment. The unchecked surface fatigue crack could further cause premature failure and put a serious risk to the safety and reliability of mechanical systems. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate the effects of rolling‐sliding and mild wear on contact fatigue behavior. A contact model is developed to capture the variation of instantaneous pressure and stress field, which are calculated with the transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) approach. Rolling‐sliding contact is simulated with the time‐varying roughness topography, which is updated by Archard wear equation. The stress cycles are extracted, and the relative contact fatigue life is obtained by using the Zaretsky criterion. Results suggest that in rolling‐sliding contact, the contact fatigue life is obviously lower compared with pure rolling. The increases in the number and amplitude of stress microcycles is found to be the main contributors to the reduction of fatigue life. Mild wear tends to smooth the surface, subsequently mitigates the stress concentration, and reduces stress cycles, and then decreases the risk of surface contact fatigue.
Botanic gardens play key roles in the regional distribution of first records of alien plants in China
Authors: Ni Ming , Hulme Philip E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimPlant invasions pose a serious risk to biodiversity, and living collections in botanic gardens are recognized as a potentially important source of alien plant introductions. However, it is not yet known how the risks from botanic gardens compare with other socioeconomic and environmental factors in influencing the regional distribution of alien plant introductions.LocationChina.Time period1840–2018.Major taxa studiedAll vascular plants.MethodWe compiled a dataset of the locations of first records and introduction pathways for 454 plant species naturalized in China and used boosted regression trees to evaluate the roles of the number, size and age of botanic gardens, local climate, native species richness and trade on the total number of first records of alien plants at both city and province level.ResultsBotanic gardens with large living collections played the most important role in influencing the total number of first records of alien plant species at both city and province scale. However, the importance of botanic gardens depended on the introduction pathway of naturalized species. The first records of alien species introduced for horticulture were more influenced by the attributes of botanic gardens. Moreover, the first records of alien species introduced for agriculture were associated with climatic variables, and the first records of alien species introduced accidentally were strongly shaped by trade.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the importance of botanic gardens in facilitating alien plant introductions across a continent. Given the rapid rise in the number of botanic gardens in Asia since 1950, our results point to these as potential hotspots for future plant invasions. Botanic gardens should implement screening procedures to assess the risk of invasion arising from species in their living collections and undertake systematic surveys of their plantings for evidence of plant naturalization.
Uptake of bone‐modifying agents in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with bone metastases – prospective data from a multi‐site Australian registry
Authors: Wong Vanessa , de Boer Richard , Dunn Catherine , Anton Angelyn , Malik Laeeq , Greenberg Sally , Yeo Belinda , Nott Louise , Collins Ian M. , Torres Javier , Barnett Frances , Nottage Michelle , Gibbs Peter , Lok Sheau Wen 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundInternational practice guidelines recommend administration of bone‐modifying agents (BMA) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with bone metastases to reduce skeletal‐related events (SRE). Optimal delivery of BMA in routine clinical practice, including agent selection and prescribing intervals, remains unclear.AimTo describe real‐world practice of Australian breast oncologists.MethodsProspective data from February 2015 to July 2020 on BMA delivery to MBC patients with bone metastases was analysed from Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer in the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)‐Positive Australian Patient (TABITHA), a multi‐site Australian HER2+ MBC registry.ResultsOf 333 HER2+ MBC patients, 171 (51%) had bone metastases at diagnosis, with a mean age of 58.1 years (range, 32–87). One hundred and thirty (76%) patients received a BMA, with 90 (69%) receiving denosumab and 40 (31%) receiving a bisphosphonate. Patients who received a BMA were more likely to have received concurrent first‐line systemic anti‐HER2 therapy (95% vs 83%; P = 0.04), to present with bone‐only metastases at diagnosis (24% vs 7%; P = 0.02) and less likely to have visceral metastases (51% vs 71%; P = 0.03). Ten of 40 (25%) bisphosphonate patients and 45 of 90 (50%) denosumab patients received their BMA at the recommended 4‐weekly interval. Prescribing intervals varied over time. Adverse events reported were consistent with clinical trial data.ConclusionThree‐quarters of Australian HER2+ MBC patients with bone metastases receive a BMA, often at different schedules than guidelines recommend. Further studies, including all MBC subtypes, are warranted to better understand clinicians' prescribing rationale and potential consequences of current prescribing practice on SRE incidence.
Overexpression of vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase (H+‐PPase) gene from Ammopiptanthus nanus enhances drought tolerance in maize
Authors: Yu Haoqiang , Qu Jintao , Guo Xin , Li Li , Zhang Xiaofang , Yang Qingqing , Lu Yanli , Li Wanchen , Fu Fengling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaize is acutely vulnerable to water deficit. Due to the slow progress in conventional breeding, more beneficial genes should be transformed into maize for improvement of drought tolerance. In the present study, the vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase (H+‐PPase) gene (AnVP1) from Ammopiptanthus nanus was transformed into maize by Agrobacterium‐mediated calli transformation. After identification of integration and ectopic expression of the AnVP1 gene by PCR amplification, DNA resequencing, reverse transcription PCR, real‐time quantitative PCR, Western blotting and measurement of H+‐PPase content, the transgenic lines were evaluated for their drought tolerance in greenhouse and field. The results of greenhouse phenotyping showed that the expression of AnVP1 decreased the negative effects of drought stress on transgenic maize with the improved performance, higher germination ratio, relative water content, biomass and more robust root system, slightly blasted leaves, lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. The results of yield phenotyping showed that kernel yield of L1, L4 and L10 lines was significantly higher than WT under water deficit conditions. In conclusion, ectopic expression of the AnVP1 gene significantly enhanced drought tolerance of the transgenic maize, which is hopefully used for commercialized release after further safety assessment, because the expression of some endogenous genes was affected slightly.
Plant growth and water economy of Solanum tuberosum in response to doubled CO2: Interaction between potassium and phosphorus
Authors: Yi Yan , Yano Katsuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPotassium (K) and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); they play crucial roles in photoassimilate production that can also be affected by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). However, the interactive effects of K and P nutrition under e[CO2] in potato have not been investigated. A pot experiment was carried out on potato plants in 1‐L pots with five K supply rates at two P supply rates in controlled‐environment chambers with ambient CO2 concentrations (a[CO2]) and an e[CO2] level of double a[CO2]. There was a significant interaction between K supply and P supply, but not between CO2 and K supply on total plant biomass, water use as well as water‐use efficiency (WUE). K supply could remarkably enhance the accumulation of plant biomass under e[CO2] by promoting tuber formation. The maximum total plant biomass increased by approximately 1.3‐fold under e[CO2] in this study, while the effect of CO2 was dependent on both P and K supply. Additionally, WUE was increased by e[CO2] and P and K supply. Both CO2 enrichment and K supply increased WUE by stimulating biomass accumulation and reducing water consumption. We concluded that the CO2‐fertilization effect and WUE were dependent on both P and K supply. Less biomass accumulation in response to K supply in plants with P deficiency indicates that a balanced nutrient status is crucial for crop production under e[CO2].
Design and parameters optimization of root cutting tool based on garlic numerical simulation model
Authors: Chen Jianneng , Zhou Binsong , Jia Jiangming , Chen Zhiwei , Yu Chennan , Cai Shuanglei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo obtain the best tool parameters for garlic root cutting to reduce the root cutting force and improve efficiency, a linkage occlusion‐cutting mechanism was designed for a garlic root cutting force test. The physical and mechanical properties of garlic meat and garlic skin were measured and calculated by using a universal material testing machine. A plastic follow‐up model (MAT‐3) in the LS‐DYNA material library was used as a simulated garlic material model. A three‐dimensional model of the garlic and the tool was established and imported into ANSYS/LS‐DYNA to establish a garlic root cutting simulation model. The model was used for numerical calculation and analysis. The simulation parameters were optimized according to the actual cutting force change curve, and a reliable simulation model was obtained. The error between simulated result and actual measurement was 3.5%. Based on this reliable model, the effects of tool parameters on the root cutting force were explored. The optimal blade edge angle was 11°, the optimal blade back angle was 13°, and the cutting root force was reduced by 14.94%. The reliable model and optimal tool parameters provide a reference for the design and development of garlic root cutting equipment.Practical ApplicationsGarlic is popular worldwide because of its high nutritional value and unique flavor. A reliable numerical simulation model for garlic will encourage researchers to design garlic‐processing equipment. The optimal tool parameters also provide a reference for garlic root cutting equipment.
Treatment strategy for locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer with clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes metastasis
Authors: Shibutani Takashi , Nagao Shoji , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kasumi , Jimi Tomoatsu , Yano Hiroko , Kitai Miho , Shiozaki Takaya , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the optimal treatment for locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer with clinical positive pelvic lymph nodes metastasis (cN1).MethodsWe enrolled patients with squamous cell cervical cancer with 2008 FIGO stages IB, IIA, or IIB diagnosed with cN1, who were treated at Hyogo Cancer Center between April 2010 and December 2016. Patients with para‐aortic lymph nodes metastasis were excluded.ResultsOf the 69 eligible patients, 24 underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), 11 underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (RH) with or without adjuvant RT, and 34 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by RH as initial treatment. The regimens of NAC included dose‐dense TC (paclitaxel 80 mg/m2, days 1, 8, 15; and carboplatin at an area under the curve = 6 on day 1, every 3 weeks) and dose‐dense TP (paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15; and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks). The median observation period was 57 (12–107) months. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates of the CCRT, RH, and NAC groups were 78.7%, 63.6%, and 88.2%, respectively (p = 0.14). The 5‐year overall survival rates of the CCRT, RH, and NAC groups were 78.6%, 70.1%, and 94.1%, respectively (p = 0.11).ConclusionsWe recommend avoiding RH as primary treatment for cN1 with locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer. Although CCRT should be considered for cN1, further studies are required to determine if NAC followed by RH will serve as an effective option.
Leptomeningeal metastasis from cervical cancer: Report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Omori Makiko , Ogawa Tatsuyuki , Oyama Keisuke , Tagaya Hikaru , Fukasawa Hiroko , Hirata Shuji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeptomeningeal metastases from cervical cancer are extremely rare, with only 24 cases reported in the English‐language literature. Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is usually a late event, but it can develop at any stage. A 44‐year‐old woman presented with vertigo, tinnitus, diminution of hearing, and a cervical tumor at the initial visit. She underwent whole brain radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Five months after the initial visit, her condition deteriorated rapidly and she died. A 49‐year‐old woman underwent surgery and pelvic radiotherapy for cervical cancer. She underwent resection of lung metastases 2 years later and received systemic chemotherapy for lymph node metastases 4 years later. Five years after the initial visit, the patient suddenly presented with diplopia, headache, and vomiting; her clinical course was fulminant and she died. Most patients with LM present with diverse clinical manifestations and deteriorate rapidly despite multiple treatment modalities. Gynecologic oncologists should be aware of this rare complication.
Prenatal anemia and postpartum hemorrhage risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Omotayo Moshood O. , Abioye Ajibola I. , Kuyebi Moshood , Eke Ahizechukwu C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) has remained the leading cause of maternal mortality. While anemia is a leading contributor to maternal morbidity, molecular, cellular and anemia‐induced hypoxia, clinical studies of the relationship between prenatal‐anemia and PPH have reported conflicting results. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the outcomes of studies on the relationships between prenatal anemia and PPH‐related mortality.Materials and MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies published before August 2019. Keywords included “anemia,” “hemoglobin,” “postpartum hemorrhage,” and “postpartum bleeding.” Only studies involving the association between anemia and PPH were included in the meta‐analysis. Our primary analysis used random effects models to synthesize odds‐ratios (ORs) extracted from the studies. Heterogeneity was formally assessed with the Higgins' I2 statistics, and explored using meta‐regression and subgroup analysis.ResultsWe found 13 eligible studies investigating the relationship between prenatal anemia and PPH. Our findings suggest that severe prenatal anemia increases PPH risk (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.20, 10.4, p‐value = 0.020). There was no statistical association with mild (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.17, p‐value = 0.130), or moderate anemia (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 0.40, 11.1, p‐value = 0.390) and the risk of PPH.ConclusionSevere prenatal anemia is an important predictive factor of adverse outcomes, warranting intensive management during pregnancy. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020149184; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=149184.