bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of interventions in people with digestive stoma through the Nursing Interventions Classification
Authors: Capilla‐Díaz Concepción , Moya‐Muñoz Noelia , Matas‐Terrón José Manuel , Pérez‐Morente María Ángeles , Álvarez‐Serrano María Adelaida , Montoya‐Juárez Rafael , Hueso‐Montoro César 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma and the relationships between nursing interventions used and sociodemographic and clinical variables.MethodsThe present study is an observational, cross‐sectional, descriptive. Data from 102 individuals in the general surgery unit of a first‐level hospital (University Hospital Complex of Granada, Spain) were analyzed. Data on the use of nursing interventions and sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses were conducted.FindingsInterventions: Decision‐Making Support (5250) and Ostomy Care (0480) were the most prevalent interventions in the sample. The period of care (postoperative and follow‐up) was the most common significant variable (p < 0.05) among the interventions observed. Anxiety Reduction (5820), Nutritional Counseling (5246), Self‐Esteem Enhancement (5400), and Body Image Enhancement (5220) were also relevant findings.ConclusionsThe present study contributes to determining which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma.Implications for nursing practiceThis study could be useful in planning nursing interventions in individuals with a digestive stoma.
Solidarity Economy and social inclusion: The Immigrant Fair in Florianópolis, Brazil
Authors: Annoni Danielle , de Souza Silva Karine , Martini dos Santos Gabriela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationThe Solidarity Economy movement emerged in Latin America in the 1970s and 1980s as an alternative mode of production led by mutual principles, such as co‐operative work, self‐management, and consensual distribution of economic gains. Much has been developed on its potential to include groups marginalized by capitalism in new development schemes, but to date there has been no work regarding immigrants’ participation specifically. This research aims to fill this gap.PurposeThe article investigates the importance of the partnership between institutions in the host country and immigrants to their insertion in the Solidarity Economy Fairs in Florianópolis. It questions to what extent it has furthered income generation, the formation of social identity, and the construction of community ties.Methods and approachThe approach is anchored in intervention–research, proposing a socio‐analytical intervention (Aguiar & Rocha, 2007). To pursue qualitative research, an online form was distributed to participants at the Immigrant Fair. The form comprised semi‐structured interviews, with the possibility of giving free answers.FindingsThe data analysis reveals the nuances of the life trajectory of recent immigrants in Brazil: people, mostly of Latin American origin, over 30 years of age, seeking economic insertion in another country. For them, the Solidarity Economy has offered a possibility for social and economic insertion in Brazil. The opportunity for marginalized populations to engage with the Solidarity Economy offers an effective tool against systemic competition. The Fair operates as an alternative to the insertion into the capitalist market for outsider groups, enabling new ways to conduct economic life within the capitalist economy.Policy implicationsOur findings suggest that the Fair has provided immigrants both the means to obtain a weekly (although unstable) financial income and their social integration—it requires interaction with other immigrants, state agents, tourists, and the local community. The social isolation resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic has jeopardized both outcomes. In order to consolidate solidarity ventures and immigrants’ enterprises, there is an urgent need to implement a public policy regarding immigrants’ social and economic rights in Santa Catarina State.
A behavioral logic underlying aggression in an African cichlid fish
Authors: Alward Beau A. , Cathers Phillip H. , Blakkan Danielle M. , Hoadley Andrew P. , Fernald Russell D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial rank in a hierarchy determines which individuals have access to important resources such as food, shelter, and mates. In the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, rank is under social control, such that larger males are more likely than smaller males to be dominant in rank. Although it is well known that the relative size of A. burtoni males is critical in controlling social rank, the specific behaviors underlying responses to males of different sizes are not well understood. In many other fish species, when size asymmetries between competing males are small, physical aggression is likely to be used to settle territorial disputes. Our goal was to characterize these responses in male A. burtoni by performing resident‐intruder assays, in which aggressive behaviors were measured in territorial males in response to the introduction of unfamiliar males that differed in relative standard length (SL). We found that the relative SL of intruders played an important role in determining behavioral performance. Resident males that were smaller than the intruder (resident >5% smaller in SL) or matched (resident between 0 and 5% smaller or larger in SL) in size to the intruder performed more lateral displays, a type of non‐physical aggression, than resident males that were larger than the intruder (resident >5% larger in SL). However, physical aggression, such as chases and bites, did not differ as a function of relative SL. Thus, contrary to what was expected based on work in other species, our results demonstrate that dominant resident A. burtoni increase non‐physical aggression to settle territorial disputes when non‐dominant intruders are closer in size. This behavioral strategy may aid in readily settling conflicts when size asymmetries are small.
Isotopic analyses of Ordovician–Silurian siliceous skeletons indicate silica‐depleted Paleozoic oceans
Authors: Trower Elizabeth J. , Strauss Justin V. , Sperling Erik A. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Phanerozoic Eon marked a major transition from marine silica deposition exclusively via abiotic pathways to a system dominated by biogenic silica sedimentation. For decades, prevailing ideas predicted this abiotic‐to‐biogenic transition were marked by a significant decrease in the concentration of dissolved silica in seawater; however, due to the lower perceived abundance and uptake affinity of sponges and radiolarians relative to diatoms, marine dissolved silica is thought to have remained elevated above modern values until the Cenozoic radiation of diatoms. Studies of modern marine silica biomineralizers demonstrated that the Si isotope ratios (δ30Si) of sponge spicules and planktonic silica biominerals produced by diatoms or radiolarians can be applied as quantitative proxies for past seawater dissolved silica concentrations due to differences in Si isotope fractionations among these organisms. We undertook 446 ion microprobe analyses of δ30Si and δ18O of sponge spicules and radiolarians from Ordovician–Silurian chert deposits of the Mount Hare Formation in Yukon, Canada. These isotopic data showed that sponges living in marine slope and basinal environments displayed small Si isotope fractionations relative to coeval radiolarians. By constructing a mathematical model of the major fluxes and reservoirs in the marine silica cycle and the physiology of silica biomineralization, we found that the concentration of dissolved silica in seawater was less than ~150 μM during early Paleozoic time—a value that is significantly lower than previous estimates. We posit that the topology of the early Paleozoic marine silica cycle resembled that of modern oceans much more closely than previously assumed.
Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study
Authors: Santaliestra‐Pasías Alba M. , Moreno Luis A. , Gracia‐Marco Luis , Buck Christoph , Ahrens Wolfgang , De Henauw Stefaan , Hebestreit Antje , Kourides Yiannis , Lauria Fabio , Lissner Lauren , Molnar Denes , Veidebaum Toomas , González‐Gil Esther M. ,   on behalf the IDEFICS consortium
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundElevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is an important factor for cardiovascular diseases later in life while physical fitness seems to decrease CMR.ObjectiveThus, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on CMR in European children, both cross‐sectional and longitudinally.MethodsA total of 289 children (49.5% males) from eight European countries, aged 6 to 9, with longitudinal information on blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, homoeostasis model assessment, body mass index, data on fitness level, objectively measured physical activity (PA), diet quality, and total screen time were included. A CMR score was calculated and dichotomized. MF and CRF were also dichotomized. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal multilevel logistic regressions adjusting for lifestyle behaviours were performed.ResultsReaching a high level of MF during childhood as well as remaining in that level over‐time were associated with an 82% and 62% lower probability of high CMR at follow‐up, respectively. Also, children who became top CRF over time, showed a 77% lower probability (P < 0.05) of being in the highest CMR quartile at follow‐up, independently of sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators.ConclusionsA high MF at early childhood and during childhood reduces the odds of having CMR. Same occurs with the improvement of CRF during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fitness to avoid CMR already in children.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on acute stress disorder and career planning among healthcare students
Authors: Zhang Luping , Qi Hongbo , Wang Longqiong , Wang Fulan , Huang Jin , Li Feifei , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID‐19 on the prevalence of acute stress disorder and subsequent effects on career planning among healthcare students. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 1158 healthcare students across five medical universities in February 2020. Acute stress disorder was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire. Further data regarding COVID‐19 knowledge, individual behaviours, occupational choices, and career planning were collected. Based on the results of the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire, the students were divided into high‐risk and low‐risk groups for acute stress disorder. The correlation between acute stress disorder and the impact on career planning was analysed. The high‐risk group comprised 143 (12.3%) participants, while 1015 (87.7%) participants were in the low‐risk group. Two factors increased the risk of acute stress disorder in the students, including ‘I think the pandemic is far away from me’ (B: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.60–7.87) and ‘Physical contact with confirmed or suspected cases’ (B: 2.49, 95%CI: 3.42–42.44). Those who obtained pandemic information from official media sources indicated a lower risk of acute stress disorder (B: −0.24, 95%CI: 0.49–1.26). The high‐risk group was more likely to quit the medical profession after graduation. The COVID‐19 pandemic may cause acute stress disorder among healthcare students and affect their career planning. Universities and relevant departments should provide more information and moral support for these students.
COVID‐19 impact on nurses in Spain: a considered opinion survey
Authors: Pérez‐Raya F. , Cobos‐Serrano J.L. , Ayuso‐Murillo D. , Fernández‐Fernández P. , Rodríguez‐Gómez J.A. , Almeida Souza A. 
Published: May 2021

AimTo survey nurses' opinions about their work conditions at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain.BackgroundFor the Spanish General Council of Nursing (the Consejo General de Enfermería de España), it was essential to have information on nursing workforce conditions and nurses' preparedness to wear protective measures at the pandemic's onset. The coronavirus outbreak was believed to have started in China and rapidly spread as a global pandemic requiring policies and actions for planning emergency healthcare delivery.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted online. Data were collected during April 2020 and covered social demography, working conditions, training, availability of personal protective equipment, and nurses' health conditions, including the impact of COVID‐19.FindingsFrom all national territories in Spain, 11 560 registered nurses from different services completed the questionnaire. Findings indicated that the lack of personal protective equipment was a crucial issue, as well as service planning and organization, and 80.2% reported high or very high psychological impact of COVID‐19. Alarmingly, 29.5% of the nurses reported COVID‐19 symptoms. Of these 23.3% had been tested, and 30.2% were confirmed as being positive to the virus. The nurses deemed proper preparedness for emergencies and disasters as a significant concern.ConclusionNurses’ responses showed evidence of health services deficiencies as a source of damage to their capacity to provide safe patient care and protect themselves and their families' health. The working conditions of the nurses are at critical levels and are unacceptable. The study results provide evidence regarding the necessity of suitable planning and actions being taken to enable safe patient care and safety for nurses.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyOur survey gathered nurses' views at the pandemic's onset. The evidence gathered is being used to advise policymakers and nursing organizations to take actions to control public health risks to populations. It is necessary that more investment in growing nursing workforce expertise and health infrastructure for pandemic and epidemic emergencies is provided.
Crop lodging, pod fertility and yield formation in canola under varying degrees of short‐term heat stress during flowering
Authors: Wu Wei , Duncan Robert W. , Ma Bao‐Luo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere has been little research on crop lodging and yield determination in response to varying degrees of heat stress in canola. This research aimed to examine root morphology, pod fertility, seed yield and crop lodging of two canola genotypes subjected to normal temperature (23/17°C, light/dark, as CK), and three elevated temperature regimes imposed at flowering for a short term (10 days), namely CK+2 (25.0/22.0°C, light/dark), CK+4 (27.0/24.0°C) and CK+6 (29.0/26.0°C), in a controlled growth facility. Elevated temperature treatment, CK+4 and CK+6, displayed a significant adverse effect on seed yield and stem lodging. Compared to the CK, a significant yield loss of 35.6% and 48.7% in CK+4 and CK+6, respectively, was mainly due to poor pod fertility. This was evident from the smaller number of total filled pods (−21% in the CK+4 and −25% in the CK+6), low success ratio of pod developed (−25%, CK+4 and −29%, CK+6) and poor pollen viability (−36%, CK+4 and −50%, CK+6), averaged across both genotypes. Lateral root development was sensitive to the elevated temperature treatment, showing significant reductions in the lateral root morphology (8.0%–28.5%), while the taproot was relatively tolerant to the elevated temperature stress. A strong relationship between root electrical capacitance and lateral root morphology (R2 > .74**) indicates that electrical measurements could be used as a non‐destructive method for evaluating root parameters under elevated temperatures. Higher risk of stem lodging (21.4% lower stem safety factor) compared to the CK was evident under severe elevated temperature stress, as ascribed from the reduced stem bending strength that was caused by the deteriorating stem mechanical properties such as decreased flexural rigidity and weakened vascular bundle size (i.e. stunted fibre cell, and thinned size of fibre wall, deteriorated secondary xylem and smaller secondary phloem). These results were further verified by the principal component analysis and structural equation model. The root lodging risk was not influenced by the elevated temperature regime, primarily due to the unaffected anchorage strength and height of the centre of gravity. This information will be useful in improving lodging resistance and alleviating the related impact of heat stress in canola.
How Do I Know What I See Until I Hear What I Say?
Authors: Reichertz Mathew , Christie John , Maycock Bryan , Wong Jack , Klein Raymond M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhereas we acknowledge that drawing as process and product within the visual arts is complex and wide ranging, this study concentrates on testing the effectiveness of different pedagogical strategies for enhancing accuracy as a learning objective in drawing from observation. Based on our collective experience teaching observational drawing, we hypothesised that describing a scene verbally in advance of drawing it would encourage a more sophisticated appraisal of the scene and result in a more accurate representation. To test this hypothesis, drawings were made under three conditions: beginning to draw immediately, waiting before drawing, and describing the scene verbally before drawing. The drawings were then rated for accuracy by expert and non‐expert raters. Interestingly, the ‘wait’ condition had the greatest average benefit to drawing accuracy; however, the comprehensiveness of the description in the ‘describe’ condition also had a positive effect on drawing accuracy. As the number of words used in the description increased, the drawing accuracy increased such that the better descriptions result in drawings superior to the average in the ‘wait’ condition. This finding recommends that when drawing accuracy is important one should generate as rich a description as possible before beginning to draw.
Towards a unifying caring life‐course theory for better self‐care and caring solutions: A discussion paper
Authors: Kitson Alison , Feo Rebecca , Lawless Michael , Arciuli Joanne , Clark Robyn , Golley Rebecca , Lange Belinda , Ratcliffe Julie , Robinson Sally 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo present the first iteration of the caring life‐course theory.BackgroundDespite requiring care from birth to death, a person's universal or fundamental care needs and the subsequent care provision, either by self or others, has yet to be presented within a life‐course perspective. Accurately describing the care people require across their lifespan enables us to identify who, what type, how and where this care should be provided. This novel perspective can help to legitimise a person's care needs and the support they require from wider care systems and contexts.DesignDiscussion paper outlines theory development. We adopted an inductive approach to theory development, drawing upon existing literature and the team's diverse experiences. Our theoretical insights were refined through a series of collaborative meetings to define the theory's constructs, until theoretical saturation was reached.DiscussionFourteen constructs are identified as essential to the theory. We propose it is possible, using these constructs, to generate caring life‐course trajectories and predict divergences in these trajectories. The novel contribution of the theory is the interplay between understanding a person's care needs and provision within the context of their lifespan and personal histories, termed their care biography, and understanding a person's care needs and provision at specific points in time within a given care network and socio‐political context.Impact for NursingThe caring life‐course theory can provide a roadmap to inform nursing and other care industry sectors, providing opportunities to integrate and deliver care from the perspective of the person and their care history, trajectories and networks, with those of professional care teams. It can help to shape health, social and economic policy and involve individuals, families and communities in more constructive ways of talking about the importance of care for improved quality of life and healthy societies.
Reproductive performance of Angus, Hereford, Salers and Nellore crossbred females: Additive and non‐additive effects
Authors: Martinez‐Boggio Guillermo , Lema Mario , Aguilar Ignacio , Gimeno Diego , Ravagnolo Olga 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReproductive traits in breeding herds can be improved through crossbreeding, which results in breed differences, heterosis and breed complementarity. The aim of this study was to estimate group additive genetic and dominance effects for three reproductive traits; probability of artificial insemination (AIP); calving success (CS); and days to calving (DC) for Hereford (H), Angus (A), Nellore (N) and Salers (S) breeds under grazing conditions. Data were obtained from an experiment carried out during 1992–2002 by the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Uruguay and Caja Notarial de Seguridad Social. The data set contained reproductive information of 1,164 females from 11 different genetic groups (GG) consisting of crosses between H, N, S and A. AIP, CS and DC were examined in first‐calf heifers, while CS and DC were examined in second‐calf and 3‐ to 7‐year‐old cows. Least square means for each GG and group additive genetic and dominance effects were estimated for each trait. F1 crossbreed females performed better for artificial insemination probability than purebred females. Crossbred A/H heifers had the highest AIPs and CS rates, while crossbred N/H 3‐ to 7‐year‐old cows recorded the highest averages for CS and DC. Estimates of group additive genetic effects did not differ amongst A, S, N and H; however, dominance increased the AIP and CS of the heifers.
Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and treats ulcerative colitis
Authors: Su Shuai , Wang Xin , Xi Xiaonan , Zhu Lanping , Chen Qiuyu , Zhang Hongxia , Qin Yuan , Yang Boli , Che Na , Cao Hailong , Zhong Weilong , Wang Bangmao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the therapeutic effects of phellodendrine in ulcerative colitis (UC) through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Volunteers were recruited to observe the therapeutic effects of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid (Huangbai liniment). The main components of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid were analysed via network pharmacology. The target of phellodendrine was further analysed. Caco‐2 cells were cultured, and H2O2 was used to stimulate in vitro cell model. Expression levels of LC3, AMPK, p‐AMPK, mTOR and p‐mTOR were detected via Western blotting and through immunofluorescence experiments. The therapeutic effects of phellodendrine were analysed via expression spectrum chip sequencing. The sequencing of intestinal flora further elucidated the therapeutic effects of phellodendrine. Compared with the control group, Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid could substantially improve the healing of intestinal mucosa. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that phellodendrine is the main component of Compound Cortex Phellodendri Liquid. Moreover, this alkaloid targets the AMPK signalling pathway. Results of animal experiments showed that phellodendrine could reduce the intestinal damage of UC compared with the model group. Findings of cell experiments indicated that phellodendrine treatment could activate the p‐AMPK /mTOR signalling pathway, as well as autophagy. Expression spectrum chip sequencing showed that treatment with phellodendrine could promote mucosal healing and reduce inflammatory responses. Results of intestinal flora detection demonstrated that treatment with phellodendrine could increase the abundance of flora and the content of beneficial bacteria. Phellodendrine may promote autophagy by regulating the AMPK‐mTOR signalling pathway, thereby reducing intestinal injury due to UC.