bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed three‐dimension time‐varying formation control with prescribed performance for multiple underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Li Jian , Du Jialu , Lewis Frank L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents novel distributed prescribed performance control for three‐dimension (3D) time‐varying formation of multiple underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with uncertain dynamics and unknown disturbances. Different from the regular prescribed performance function, a novel form of prescribed performance function is proposed such that the time desired for the formation errors of AUVs to reach and stay within the prescribed tolerant band can be preset exactly and flexibly. Furthermore, a simple error mapping function is constructed to transform the formation errors constrained by the prescribed performance into the unconstrained transformed errors. With the aid of radial basis function neural networks, the uncertain item lumped by uncertain dynamics and unknown disturbances of AUVs is artfully converted into a linearly parametric form with only a single unknown parameter. Based on the above, a robust adaptive 3D time‐varying formation control law of AUVs is developed incorporating a second‐order sliding mode differentiator into the backstepping method. The theoretical analysis and simulation results validate our developed formation control scheme.
A study of films based on starch and Na‐montmorillonite designed for prolonged release of oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Kochkina Nataliya E. , Butikova Olga A. , Lukin Nikolay D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFunctional starch‐based nanocomposite films containing Na‐montmorillonite (MMT) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) are prepared by the casting method; their structure and transport properties are analyzed. The results of X‐ray difraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements show that MMT and OTC participates in the formation of a hydrogen bond network in the starch matrix, leading to a decrease in the film crystallinity degree. The MMT incorporation in the nanocomposites lowers their swelling degree. It is established, that the OTC release from the pure starch film is controlled by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The MMT particles act as containers capable of holding OTC, as well as crystallite obstacles, limiting the OTC movement within the starch matrix structure. An increase in the MMT concentration from 1 to 5 wt% (based on dry starch) in the films leads to prolonged OTC release. The data on the OTC release from the films with a 3% and 5% MMT content best fits the linear superimposition model. The MMT and OTC have opposite effects on the tensile strength of the starch films.
Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of a chimeric OMP25–OMP31 antigen in BALB/c mice
Authors: Mohammadi Yahya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease causes by Brucella bacteria. So far, there is not any efficient treatment for this infectious disease in animals, although subunit vaccines can be a safe alternative. To this aim, we have designed a new chimeric OMP25‐OMP31 antigen formulated in Chitosan nanoparticles and studied its protective efficiency in vivo. OMP25–OMP31 was produced using spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction and the 3D protein structure and antigenic ability were predicted using computational tools. In addition, the humoural and cellular immune responses were measured by ELISA in six different experimental groups. The immune response showed chimeric rOMP25–OMP31 antigen‐induced higher titers of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α cytokines, while the lowest amount of IL‐4 was dedicated to itself. Also, rOMP25–OMP31 stimulated higher titer of IgG than individual injection of rOMP25 and rOMP31 treatments and the cell proliferation assay demonstrated the vaccination with rOMP25–OMP31 elicits a vigorous antigen‐specific cell proliferative. In addition, the challenge experiment showed immunised mic stimulated a higher level of protection than negative controls. Overall, the results of rOMP25–OMP31 could be promising for considering chimeric constructs as a feasible vaccine candidate for further investigations against brucellosis.
Treatment of crusted sarcoptic mange with fluralaner in a dog
Authors: Quilling Laura L. , Lam Andrea T. H. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , White Stephen D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old neutered male Lakeland terrier was presented for evaluation of allergies and onset of new crusting skin lesions. The face, dorsum, limbs and paws were diffusely covered in crusts and adherent scaling. The dog was mildly to moderately pruritic. A single deep skin scraping was performed on the dorsal aspect of the right antebrachium, which showed the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei. Cytologic evidence for superficial pyoderma and otitis externa was also documented. The dog was treated with a single dose of fluralaner and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. One month after treatment, the dog had no Sarcoptes scabiei mites or eggs on skin scraping. Three months after presentation the dog had no recurrence of clinical signs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of crusted sarcoptic mange, or Norwegian‐like scabies, treated with a single dose of fluralaner.
Exploring the implications of the relationship between BMI and household consumptions for countries in transition
Authors: Fan Lida , Habibov Nazim , Luo Rong , Auchynnikava Alena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and social status, namely household consumption and university education of the respondents, together with a set of demographics of 27 transitional countries in Eastern Europe using the data of the 2016 Life in Transition Survey. The two‐stage least squares (2SLS) estimations are conducted on the full sample of 27 countries, the sub‐datasets of former Soviet Union republics, as well as other Eastern European transitional countries, males and females, respectively, in an effort to compare the relationships between BMI and social status in different contexts. The results highlighted two important findings: First, household consumption has a strong and positive correlation with BMI across all the sub‐datasets. Second, the father's education of the respondent is a strong predictor in predicting low BMI. These findings indicate that these transitional countries still run the same model as that typical developing countries, 25 years after the beginning of the transition.
Cyclic Diplatinum Complex with a Tröger's Base Ligand and Reductive Elimination of a Highly Strained Ring Molecule
Authors: Yoshigoe Yusuke , Suzaki Yuji , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDistannylated Tröger's base Me3Sn−C6H3−C3N2H6−C6H3−SnMe3 (TB‐(SnMe3)2) reacted with PtCl2(cod) (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to yield a mixture of macrocyclic diplatinum complex composed of two Tröger's base ligands and two Pt(cod) units (1) and oligomers of the −C6H3−C3N2H6−C6H3−Pt(cod)‐ units (2). Heating a toluene solution of isolated complex 1 and excess PPh3 caused reductive elimination of a cyclic dimer of Tröger's base. The product is obtained in a diastereoselective manner. 1H NMR and DFT studies suggested the molecular structure having the Tröger's base units with smaller arylene rings (ϕ=65–66°) than that reported for dimethyl Tröger's base (ϕ=103°).
Environmental Pathways of Radionuclides to Animal Products in Different Farming and Harvesting Systems
Authors: Howard Brenda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter outlines the key environmental and metabolic pathways of radionuclides relevant for animals and animal products after NREs. The different methods used to quantify the transfer of radionuclides between relevant environmental pathways are also described. Detailed information is provided for the most important radionuclides that contaminate animals and animal products, namely radiocaesium, radioiodine and radiostrontium. Observed effects on agricultural and game animals after two NREs are also briefly described.
Management Options for Animal Production Systems: Which Ones to Choose in the Event of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency?
Authors: Nisbet Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIf radionuclides are released into a rural area as a result of a nuclear or radiological emergency (NRE), statutory food restrictions will be issued for places where activity concentrations of one or more radionuclides exceed operational intervention levels (OILs) in foodstuffs. The areas subject to food restrictions may be large, and for some long-lived radionuclides, there is potential for a wide range of food production systems to be disrupted for many years, unless some form of intervention is undertaken. A large number of management options for use in contaminated intensive livestock production, backyard farms and free-ranging livestock have been developed, for application pre-deposition, through to the late phase. As each NRE will be different in terms of its radiological composition and impact on the food chain, it is not possible to establish a generic strategy. Consequently, handbooks for food production systems have been developed to guide decision-makers in the selection and combining of management options, to ensure radionuclides remain below OILs. The handbooks include a stepwise process to progressively evaluate options and eliminate those deemed unsuitable, ultimately providing a short list of options on which to base the recovery strategy.
All $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (8, 0) AdS3 solutions in 10 and 11 dimensions
Authors: Legramandi Andrea , Lo Monaco Gabriele , Macpherson Niall T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We classify AdS3 solutions preserving $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (8, 0) supersymmetry in ten and eleven dimensions and find the local form of each of them. These include the AdS3×S6 solution of [1] and the embeddings of AdS3 into AdS4×S7, AdS5×S5, AdS7/ℤk×S4 and its IIA reduction within AdS7. More interestingly we find solutions preserving the superconformal algebras $$ {\mathfrak{f}}_4,\mathfrak{su}\left(1,1|4\right),\mathfrak{osp}\left({4}^{\ast }|4\right) $$

f
4

,
su

1
1
4

,
osp

4
∗

4

on certain squashings of the 7-sphere. These solutions asymptote to AdS4×S7 and are promising candidates for holographic duals to defects in Chern-Simons matter theories.
Omega vs. pi, and 6d anomaly cancellation
Authors: Davighi Joe , Lohitsiri Nakarin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this note we review the role of homotopy groups in determining non-perturbative (henceforth ‘global’) gauge anomalies, in light of recent progress understanding global anomalies using bordism. We explain why non-vanishing of πd(G) is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for there being a possible global anomaly in a d-dimensional chiral gauge theory with gauge group G. To showcase the failure of sufficiency, we revisit ‘global anomalies’ that have been previously studied in 6d gauge theories with G = SU(2), SU(3), or G2. Even though π6(G) ≠ 0, the bordism groups $$ {\Omega}_7^{\mathrm{Spin}}(BG) $$

Ω
7
Spin

BG

vanish in all three cases, implying there are no global anomalies. In the case of G = SU(2) we carefully scrutinize the role of homotopy, and explain why any 7-dimensional mapping torus must be trivial from the bordism perspective. In all these 6d examples, the conditions previously thought to be necessary for global anomaly cancellation are in fact necessary conditions for the local anomalies to vanish.
Incoherent hydrodynamics of density waves in magnetic fields
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Pantelidou Christiana , Ziogas Vaios 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We use holography to derive effective theories of fluctuations in spontaneously broken phases of systems with finite temperature, chemical potential, magnetic field and momentum relaxation in which the order parameters break translations. We analytically construct the hydrodynamic modes corresponding to the coupled thermoelectric and density wave fluctuations and all of them turn out to be purely diffusive for our system. Upon introducing pinning for the density waves, some of these modes acquire not only a gap, but also a finite resonance due to the magnetic field. Finally, we study the optical properties and perform numerical checks of our analytical results. A crucial byproduct of our analysis is the identification of the correct current which describes the transport of heat in our system.
Higher-spin Cotton tensors and massive gauge-invariant actions in AdS3
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Ponds Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a conformally flat three-dimensional spacetime, the linearised higher-spin Cotton tensor ℭα(n)(h) is the unique conserved conformal current which is a gauge-invariant descendant of the conformal gauge prepotential hα(n). The explicit form of ℭα(n)(h) is well known in Minkowski space. Here we solve the problem of extending the Minkowskian result to the case of anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and derive a closed-form expression for ℭα(n)(h) in terms of the AdS Lorentz covariant derivatives. It is shown that every conformal higher-spin action $$ {S}_{\mathrm{CS}}^{(n)}\left[h\right]\propto \int {\mathrm{d}}^3{xeh}^{\alpha (n)}{\mathrm{\mathfrak{C}}}_{\alpha (n)}(h) $$

S
CS

n

h

∝
∫

d
3

xeh

α

n

ℭ

α

n

h

factorises into a product of (n − 1) first-order operators that are associated with the spin-n/2 partially massless AdS values. Our findings greatly facilitate the on-shell analysis of massive higher-spin gauge-invariant actions in AdS3. The main results are extended to the case of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 AdS supersymmetry. In particular, we derive simple expressions for the higher-spin super-Cotton tensors in AdS3.
Extremal effective field theories
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Van Duong Vincent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Effective field theories (EFT) parameterize the long-distance effects of short-distance dynamics whose details may or may not be known. Previous work showed that EFT coefficients must obey certain positivity constraints if causality and unitarity are satisfied at all scales. We explore those constraints from the perspective of 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes of a light real scalar field, using semi-definite programming to carve out the space of allowed EFT coefficients for a given mass threshold M. We point out that all EFT parameters are bounded both below and above, effectively showing that dimensional analysis scaling is a consequence of causality. This includes the coefficients of s2 + t2 + u2 and stu type interactions. We present simple 2 → 2 extremal amplitudes which realize, or “rule in”, kinks in coefficient space and whose convex hull span a large fraction of the allowed space.
A non-Archimedean analogue of Teichmüller space and its tropicalization
Authors: Ulirsch Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article we use techniques from tropical and logarithmic geometry to construct a non-Archimedean analogue ofTeichmüller space$$\overline{{{\mathcal {T}}}}_g$$T¯gwhose points are pairs consisting of a stable projective curve over a non-Archimedean field and a Teichmüller marking of the topological fundamental group of its Berkovich analytification. This construction is closely related to and inspired by the classical construction of a non-Archimedean Schottky space for Mumford curves by Gerritzen and Herrlich. We argue that the skeleton of non-Archimedean Teichmüller space is precisely the tropical Teichmüller space introduced by Chan–Melo–Viviani as a simplicial completion of Culler–Vogtmann Outer space. As a consequence, Outer space turns out to be a strong deformation retract of the locus of smooth Mumford curves in$$\overline{{\mathcal {T}}}_g$$T¯g.
Die bundesweiten Maßnahmen zur Alkoholprävention der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA)
Authors: Schwarz Tobias , Goecke Michaela 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIm europäischen Vergleich ist der Alkoholkonsum in Deutschland nach wie vor hoch. Eine langfristige Senkung kann zum Rückgang alkoholbedingter Morbidität und Mortalität beitragen. Die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) fokussiert seit vielen Jahren innerhalb der Suchtprävention die Alkoholprävention und setzt dazu 3 zielgruppenspezifische bundesweite Mehrebenenkampagnen um. Die Kampagne „Null Alkohol – Voll Power“ richtet sich an Jugendliche im Alter von 12 bis 16 Jahren, die Kampagne „Alkohol? Kenn dein Limit.“ besteht aus 2 Teilkampagnen und richtet sich an 16- bis 20-Jährige sowie an Erwachsene. Außerdem bietet die BZgA Sportvereinen die Möglichkeit zur Teilnahme an der Aktion „Alkoholfrei Sport genießen“. In diesem Beitrag werden die Maßnahmen und die dahinterstehenden Konzepte vorgestellt.Die Kampagnen sind miteinander im Sinne einer Präventionskette verbunden, sodass Synergien genutzt werden können. Sie basieren auf den Kriterien des Social-Marketings und unterliegen einem kontinuierlichen Qualitätssicherungsprozess. Um die Zielgruppen zu erreichen, wird primär die Internetkommunikation genutzt, die ergänzt wird durch personalkommunikative Angebote in Lebenswelten sowie Massenkommunikation in Form von Plakaten, Spots, Anzeigen und Printmedien. Bei der Umsetzung von Angeboten in Schulen, Vereinen oder Kommunen setzt die BZgA auf eine gute Kooperation und Abstimmung mit den Ländern. Als begleitendes Monitoring führt sie seit vielen Jahrzehnten regelmäßig Repräsentativbefragungen u. a. zum Alkoholkonsumverhalten der 12- bis 25-Jährigen in Deutschland durch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Alkoholkonsum im langfristigen Trend in Deutschland zwar rückläufig, aber dennoch hoch ist.
Multiverse to inform neurological research: an example using recovery outcome of neglect
Authors: Moore Margaret J. , Demeyere Nele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Multiverse analysis provides an ideal tool for understanding how inherent, yet ultimately arbitrary methodological choices impact the conclusions of individual studies. With this investigation, we aimed to demonstrate the utility of multiverse analysis for evaluating generalisability and identifying potential sources of bias within studies employing neurological populations.

Methods
Multiverse analysis was used to evaluate the robustness of the relationship between post-stroke visuospatial neglect and poor long-term recovery outcome within a sample of 1113 (age = 72.5, 45.1% female) stroke survivors. A total of 25,600 t-test comparisons were run across 400 different patient groups defined using various combinations of valid inclusion criteria based on lesion location, stroke type, assessment time, neglect impairment definition, and scoring criteria across 16 standardised outcome measures.

Results
Overall, 33.9% of conducted comparisons yielded significant results. 99.9% of these significant results fell below the null specification curve, indicating a highly robust relationship between neglect and poor recovery outcome. However, the strength of this effect was not constant across all comparison groups. Comparisons which included < 100 participants, pre-selected patients based on lesion type, or failed to account for allocentric neglect impairment were found to yield average effect sizes which differed substantially. Similarly, average effect sizes differed across various outcome measures with the strongest average effect in comparisons involving an activities of daily living measure and the weakest in comparisons employing a depression subscale.

Conclusions
This investigation demonstrates the utility of multiverse analysis techniques for evaluating effect robustness and identifying potential sources of bias within neurological research.
Pareto-like sequential sampling heuristic for global optimisation
Authors: Shaqfa Mahmoud , Beyer Katrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a simple global optimisation algorithm inspired by Pareto’s principle. This algorithm samples most of its solutions within prominent search domains and is equipped with a self-adaptive mechanism to control the dynamic tightening of the prominent domains while the greediness of the algorithm increases over time (iterations). Unlike traditional metaheuristics, the proposed method has no direct mutation- or crossover-like operations. It depends solely on the sequential random sampling that can be used in diversification and intensification processes while keeping the information-flow between generations and the structural bias at a minimum. By using a simple topology, the algorithm avoids premature convergence by sampling new solutions every generation. A simple theoretical derivation revealed that the exploration of this approach is unbiased and the rate of the diversification is constant during the runtime. The trade-off balance between the diversification and the intensification is explained theoretically and experimentally. This proposed approach has been benchmarked against standard optimisation problems as well as a selected set of simple and complex engineering applications. We used 26 standard benchmarks with different properties that cover most of the optimisation problems’ nature, three traditional engineering problems, and one real complex engineering problem from the state-of-the-art literature. The algorithm performs well in finding global minima for nonconvex and multimodal functions, especially with high dimensional problems and it was found very competitive in comparison with the recent algorithmic proposals. Moreover, the algorithm outperforms and scales better than recent algorithms when it is benchmarked under a limited number of iterations for the composite CEC2017 problems. The design of this algorithm is kept simple so it can be easily coupled or hybridised with other search paradigms. The code of the algorithm is provided in C++14, Python3.7, and Octave (Matlab).
Primary amputation versus limb salvage in upper limb major trauma: a systematic review
Authors: Nayar Sandeep Krishan , Alcock Harry M. F. , Edwards Dafydd S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Severe upper limb injuries can result in devastating consequences to functional and psychological well-being. Primary objectives of this review were to evaluate indications for amputation versus limb salvage in upper limb major trauma and whether any existing scoring systems can aid in decision-making. Secondary objectives were to assess the functional and psychological outcomes from amputation versus limb salvage.

Methods
A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search strategy was conducted on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

Results
A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 6113 patients. 141 underwent primary amputation and 5972 limb salvage. General indications for amputation included at least two of the following: uncontrollable haemodynamic instability; extensive and concurrent soft tissue, bone, vascular and/or nerve injuries; prolonged limb ischaemia; and blunt arterial trauma or crush injury. The Mangled Extremity Severity Score alone does not accurately predict need for amputation, however, the Mangled Extremity Syndrome Index may be a more precise tool. Comparable patient-reported functional and psychological outcomes are seen between the two treatment modalities.

Conclusions
Decision regarding amputation versus limb salvage of the upper limb is multifactorial. Current scoring systems are predominantly based on lower limb trauma, with lack of robust evidence to guide management of the upper extremity. Further high-quality studies are required to validate scoring systems which may aid in decision-making and provide further information on the outcomes from the two treatment options.