bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facing Janus: Reflections on Social and Political Change
Authors: Torres Nicole , Gurevich Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article is based on a conversation between the president of the Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness and the editor‐in‐chief of its journal. The aim of this conversation is threefold: (1) to engage a broader audience within the field of the anthropology of consciousness, (2) to discuss the recent history of the organization and its current direction, and (3) to recognize why concrete efforts toward a practice of decolonization is essential to maintaining the relevance of an anthropology of consciousness.
The long‐term postoperative effect of the Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device and of a trabeculectomy on the corneal endothelium
Authors: van Kleij Jeroen M. , Islamaj Esma , Vermeer Koenraad A. , Lemij Hans G. , de Waard Peter W. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the postoperative corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) differs between glaucoma patients who underwent Baerveldt implant (BGI) surgery and patients who underwent a trabeculectomy (TE) over 5 years ago.MethodsCross‐sectional, observational study including 34 patients who underwent TE and 36 patients who underwent BGI surgery 5–11 years ago, as part of a randomized clinical trial. None of the patients had a history of intraocular surgery prior to their glaucoma surgery. Central and peripheral ECD was measured by using a non‐contact specular microscope.ResultsCentral and peripheral ECD in the TE group was 2285 ± 371 cells/mm2 (mean ± SD) and 2463 ± 476 cells/mm2, respectively. Central and peripheral ECD in the BGI group was 1813 ± 745 cells/mm2 and 1876 ± 764 cells/mm2, respectively. The central and peripheral ECD was statistically significantly higher in the TE group than in the BGI group (p = 0.001 for both). Additional intraocular surgical interventions were more prevalent in the BGI group (23) than in the TE group (5) (p < 0.001). In a subanalysis, without eyes that had undergone additional surgical interventions, only the peripheral ECD was statistically significantly higher in the TE group compared with the BGI group (p = 0.011). For the BGI group, a longer postoperative period resulted in a lower central ECD (r = −0.614, p = 0.004).ConclusionLong‐term ECD in eyes that underwent a BGI was considerably lower compared with eyes that underwent a TE, mainly in the peripheral cornea. This suggests that BGI causes a larger decrease of ECD than TE. Additionally, the decrease after BGI appears to continue for a longer period than after TE.
Prevalence of fundus tessellation and its associated factors in Chinese children and adolescents with high myopia
Authors: Cheng Tianyu , Deng Junjie , Xu Xian , Zhang Bo , Wang Jingjing , Xiong Shuyu , Du Yuchen , Yu Suqin , Gong Wei , Zhao Huijuan , Luan Mengli , Fan Ying , Zhu Jianfeng , Zou Haidong , Xu Xun , He Xiangui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of fundus tessellation in highly myopic children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 513 high myopes (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −5.0 D, 4–19 years of age) without any advanced pathological myopic lesions were enrolled. Fundus photographs and choroidal thickness (ChT) data were collected by SS‐OCT. A novel grading approach was adopted to classify fundus tessellation into four categories on colour fundus photography, referring to the location of tessellation divided by an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid centred on the fovea, through which closer to the fovea represents higher grades of fundus tessellation. Peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area and ovality index were also measured.ResultsAmong the participants, with a mean age of 13.47 ± 3.13 years and mean SE of − 8.34 ± 1.91 D, there were 29 (5.7%), 95 (18.5%), 233 (45.4%) and 156 (30.4%) participants with grade 0 to grade 3 fundus tessellation, respectively. The ChT in both the macular and peripapillary area was negatively correlated with the fundus tessellation grade (R = −0.763 and −0.537, respectively, all p < 0.001). Higher grades of fundus tessellation were independently associated with thinner macular ChT (OR = 1.734, 95% CI: 1.621–1.856, p < 0.001), longer axial length (OR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.105–1.695, p = 0.004), larger PPA area (OR = 1.391, 95% CI: 1.073–1.802, p = 0.013) and the female sex (OR = 1.605, 95% CI: 1.092–2.359, p = 0.016).ConclusionThe fundus tessellation grade could reflect the ChT, representing the severity of myopic maculopathy among young high myopes who rarely had any advanced lesions of pathological myopia. Fundus tessellation grade might be a potential index for assessing early‐stage myopic maculopathy in children and adolescents.
TSP50 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and tumour formation by activating glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Gao Feng , Ai Huihan , Wang Shuyue , Song Zhenbo , Zheng Lihua , Wang Guannan , Sun Ying , Bao Yongli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour with high morbidity and mortality. Metabolic regulation by oncogenes is necessary for tumour growth. Testes‐specific protease 50 (TSP50) has been found to promote cell proliferation in multiple tumour types. However, the mechanism that TSP50 promotes HCC progression are not known.MethodsHepatocyte proliferation was analysed by MTT and BrdU incorporation after TSP50 transfection. Furthermore, LC‐MS/MS, co‐immunoprecipitation and GST pull‐down assays were performed to analyse protein(s) binding to TSP50. Moreover, the site‐specific mutation of G6PD was used to reveal the key site critical for G6PD acetylation mediated by TSP50. Finally, the role of G6PD K171 acetylation regulated by TSP50 in cell proliferation and tumour formation was investigated.ResultsOur data suggest that the overexpression of TSP50 accelerates hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, G6PD is an important protein that binds to TSP50 in the cytoplasm. TSP50 activates G6PD activity by inhibiting the acetylation of G6PD at the K171 site. In addition, TSP50 promotes the binding of G6PD to SIRT2. Furthermore, the K171ac of G6PD regulated by TSP50 is required for TSP50‐induced cell proliferation in vitro and tumour formation in vivo. Additionally, according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) programme, TSP50 and G6PD are negatively correlated with the survival of HCC patients.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings demonstrate that TSP50‐induced cell proliferation and tumour formation are mediated by G6PD K171 acetylation.
Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses
Authors: Morojele Neo K. , Dumbili Emeka W. , Obot Isidore S. , Parry Charles D. H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIssuesSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has long been characterised as a region with weak alcohol policies, high proportions of abstainers and heavy episodic drinkers (among drinkers), and as a target for market expansion by global alcohol producers. However, inter‐regional analyses of these issues are seldom conducted.ApproachFocusing mainly on the period 2000–2016, we compare alcohol consumption and harms, alcohol policy developments and alcohol industry activities over time and across the four sub‐regions of SSA.Key FindingsPer‐capita consumption of alcohol and alcohol‐related disease burden have increased in Central Africa but stabilised or reduced in other regions, although they are still high. Most countries have implemented tax policies, but they have seldom adopted other World Health Organization ‘best buys’ for cost‐effective alcohol control policies. Countries range from having minimal alcohol controls to having total bans (e.g. some Muslim‐majority countries); and some, such as Botswana, have attempted stringent tax policies to address alcohol harm. Alcohol producers have continued their aggressive marketing and policy interference activities, some of which have been highlighted and, in a few instances, resisted by civil society and public health advocates, particularly in southern Africa.ImplicationsIncreased government support and commitment are needed to be able to adopt and implement effective alcohol policies and respond to pressures from alcohol companies to which SSA remains a target market.ConclusionSSA needs effective alcohol control measures in order to reverse the trajectory of worsening alcohol harms observed in some countries and reinforce improvements in alcohol harms observed in others.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the Family Connections program for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges, part II: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Sheikhan Natasha Y. , Wang Karen , Boritz Tali , Hawke Lisa D. , McMain Shelley , Henderson Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Family Connections™ (FC) program is a 12‐week support and skill‐training program for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges. The intervention was originally developed with a focus on borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is important to understand the experiences of caregivers in such interventions, as well as its applicability beyond BPD, for the purposes of evaluation and ongoing program improvement.ObjectiveTo explore and analyse the experiences of caregivers of youth with diverse mental health challenges and who participated in FC.DesignSemi‐structured interviews with thirteen FC‐participating caregivers of youth with mental health challenges.ResultsThematic analysis uncovered three major themes regarding caregivers' experience with FC: (a) FC increased the caregivers' ability to manage their youth's mental health challenges; (b) participating in FC impacted their intra‐ and interpersonal spheres; and (c) improvements to the program were proposed. Following participation in FC, caregivers felt they learned a new approach to understanding themselves, their youth and mental health, and were better able to manage their youth's mental health challenges.Discussion and conclusionFC is a promising intervention for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges, beyond the traditional BPD focus. The intervention has the potential to provide broad‐based benefits for caregivers and should be considered for implementation and scale‐up across youth‐ and caregiver‐serving organizations. Potential areas of intervention flexibility and improvement are discussed.Patient/public contributionCaregivers were involved in the program development and facilitation of FC. A person with lived experience was involved with the analysis.
Evaluation of standard physico‐chemical and rheological parameters in predicting bread‐making quality of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.)
Authors: Spina Alfio , Dinelli Giovanni , Palumbo Massimo , Whittaker Anne , Cambrea Michele , Negri Lorenzo , Bosi Sara 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe efficacy of empirical rheological methodology for modern Triticum aestivum L. in predicting bread‐making quality in Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum is warranting of attention. The present study was aimed at providing a comparative evaluation of an array of standard rheological tests in predicting bread quality in three modern cultivars (Core, Sant’Agata and Simeto) and three durum wheat landraces (Ruscìa, Timilìa and Tumminia SG3). Gluten strength, alveograph dough strength and tenacity/extensibility ratio, farinograph stability and mixograph peak dough height and overall score, were significantly higher in the modern cultivars, and distinctive in accounting for the variance between modern and old genotypes, using principal component analysis. Quality bread‐making parameters, including bread volume, height and specific volume, were significantly higher in the durum wheat landraces. Standard rheological parameters were ineffective in predicting bread quality, necessitating the requisite in redefining rheological parameters to meet the increasing interest in heritage durum wheat genotypes for bread‐making.
Anatomical comparison across heads, fore‐ and hindlimbs in mammals using network models
Authors: Ziermann Janine M. , Boughner Julia C. , Esteve‐Altava Borja , Diogo Rui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnimal body parts evolve with variable degrees of integration that nonetheless yield functional adult phenotypes: but, how? The analysis of modularity with Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA) is used to quantitatively determine phenotypic modules based on the physical connection among anatomical elements, an approach that is valuable to understand developmental and evolutionary constraints. We created anatomical network models of the head, forelimb, and hindlimb of two taxa considered to represent a ‘generalized’ eutherian (placental: mouse) and metatherian (marsupial: opossum) anatomical configuration and compared them with our species, which has a derived eutherian configuration. In these models, nodes represent anatomical units and links represent their physical connection. Here, we aimed to identify: (1) the commonalities and differences in modularity between species, (2) whether modules present a potential phylogenetic character, and (3) whether modules preferentially reflect either developmental or functional aspects of anatomy, or a mix of both. We predicted differences between networks of metatherian and eutherian mammals that would best be explained by functional constraints, versus by constraints of development and/or phylogeny. The topology of contacts between bones, muscles, and bones + muscles showed that, among all three species, skeletal networks were more similar than musculoskeletal networks. There was no clear indication that humans and mice are more alike when compared to the opossum overall, even though their musculoskeletal and skeletal networks of fore‐ and hindlimbs are slightly more similar. Differences were greatest among musculoskeletal networks of heads and next of forelimbs, which showed more variation than hindlimbs, supporting previous anatomical studies indicating that in general the configuration of the hindlimbs changes less across evolutionary history. Most observations regarding the anatomical networks seem to be best explained by function, but an exception is the adult opossum ear ossicles. These ear bones might form an independent module because the incus and malleus are involved in forming a functional primary jaw that enables the neonate to attach to the teat, where this newborn will complete its development. Additionally, the human data show a specialized digit 1 module (thumb/big toe) in both limb types, likely the result of functional and evolutionary pressures, as our ape ancestors had highly movable big toes and thumbs.
Nutritional and weight status of Indian mother‐child dyads experienced by a natural disaster
Authors: Nowak‐Szczepanska Natalia , Gomula Aleksandra , Chakraborty Raja , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural disasters have detrimental effects not only on local infrastructure in an affected population but may also have an impact on the human biological condition, particularly during critical periods of life. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and weight status of women and their children who had experienced cyclone Aila prenatally and postnatally in comparison with a non‐affected neighbouring group. The study sample involved N = 597 dyads consisting of mothers and their prepubertal children prenatally or postnatally (during infancy) exposed to a natural disaster and a control group from a neighbouring region (West Bengal, India). The analysed anthropometric indices involved body mass index (BMI) and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC). Moreover, several socioeconomic characteristics were collected (mother's and father's education, family size and family income). Analyses revealed that the group factor (Aila‐exposed or non‐exposed groups) had the highest impact on both children's and their mothers' BMI and MUAC (p < 0.001) in comparison with socioeconomic variables. Surprisingly, both mothers and their children revealed deteriorated nutritional and relative weight status several years after the occurrence of cyclone Aila, which is in opposition to the results obtained in developed countries, where prenatal maternal stress caused by the natural disaster led to the subsequent higher risk of excessive weight in affected children.
Performance Profiles on Second Language Speaking Tasks
Authors: PANG FRANCINE , SKEHAN PETER 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study uses a complexity–accuracy–lexis–fluency (CALF) framework to explore performance on 2 speaking tasks: a narrative picture‐based task and an interactive decision‐making task. A preliminary aim is to compare performance on the 2 tasks, using a wide range of CALF measures to explore where scores are similar and where they are different. However, the research design is within‐subjects, and so it is also possible to look at performance by participants across the 2 tasks to explore whether particular CALF measures show more consistency than others, and whether any such consistency is related to hypothesised stages in the process of speaking. The main focus of the study is to use the technique of cluster analysis to examine whether there are performance profiles across CALF measures that go beyond consistency with the individual performance variables. The data suggest that there is something of a tension between a discourse‐oriented style—emphasising speed, fluency, and subordination—and a clause‐oriented style—emphasising longer clauses, dysfluency, and slow performance. In addition, it is reported that there is some limited style consistency across the 2 tasks, with just under half of the 47 participants using the same style in each task.
PdGNC confers drought tolerance by mediating stomatal closure resulting from NO and H2O2 production via the direct regulation of PdHXK1 expression in Populus
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhang Yue , Li Qing , Liu Shujing , He Fang , An Yi , Zhou Yangyan , Liu Chao , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Drought is one of the primary abiotic stresses, seriously implicating plant growth and productivity. Stomata play a crucial role in regulating drought tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism on stomatal movement‐mediated drought tolerance remains unclear.

Using genetic, molecular and biochemical techniques, we identified that the PdGNC directly activating the promoter of PdHXK1 by binding the GATC element, a hexokinase (HXK) synthesis key gene.

Here, PdGNC, a member of the GATA transcription factor family, was greatly induced by abscisic acid and dehydration. Overexpressing PdGNC in poplar (Populus clone 717) resulted in reduced stomatal aperture with greater water‐use efficiency and increased water deficit tolerance. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated poplar mutant gnc exhibited increased stomatal aperture and water loss with reducing drought resistance. PdGNC activates PdHXK1 (a hexokinase synthesis key gene), resulting in a remarkable increase in hexokinase activity in poplars subjected to water deficit. Furthermore, hexokinase promoted nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in guard cells, which ultimately reduced stomatal aperture and increased drought resistance.

Together, PdGNC confers drought stress tolerance by reducing stomatal aperture caused by NO and H2O2 production via the direct regulation of PdHXK1 expression in poplars.
Combination of ablation and left atrial appendage closure as “One‐stop” procedure in the treatment of atrial fibrillation: Current status and future perspective
Authors: He Ben , Jiang Li‐Sheng , Hao Zi‐Yong , Wang Hao , Miao Yu‐Tong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is a major cause of stroke and systemic embolism. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has been proved to be noninferior to traditional Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as well as novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which is becoming an important alternative to prevent stroke in non‐valvular AF. Catheter‐based AF ablation (CA) is recommended to be a standard of care in patients with AF refractory to drug therapy due to a better rhythm control and improvement of life quality than antiarrhythmic drugs. Theoretically, the one‐stop combination with LAAC and CA tends to bring more benefits in patients with AF, as it not only relieves symptoms, but also reduces the risk of stroke significantly. However, several important questions still need to be considered in the combination procedure although quite a few attempts have already been made in clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive update on the concept, technique, perioperative management, benefits and other critical issues of the “one‐stop” procedure.
Resource Publicness Matters in Organizational Perceptions
Authors: Xu Chengxin , Li Huafang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPublicness theory deepens our understanding of differences and similarities of organizational behavior. However, in areas in which public, nonprofit, and private organizations compete to serve people, it remains unclear how the level of dimensional publicness influences individuals’ perceptions and choices of organizations. In this study, we present evidence from two online experiments examining the way people's perceptions of resource publicness (operationalized as government funding, donations, and service fees) of elderly care centers in the U.S. influence their judgment of organizations and service choices. Findings suggest that people perceive donative organizations to be the warmest and most competent, followed by government‐funded and commercial organizations. We conclude that individuals' perceptions of resource publicness lead to different judgment that may influence their service choice decisions.
Identification of specificity‐defining amino acids of the wheat immune receptor Pm2 and powdery mildew effector AvrPm2
Authors: Manser Beatrice , Koller Teresa , Praz Coraline Rosalie , Roulin Anne C. , Zbinden Helen , Arora Sanu , Steuernagel Burkhard , Wulff Brande B.H. , Keller Beat , Sánchez‐Martín Javier 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPlant nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) act as intracellular sensors for pathogen‐derived effector proteins and trigger an immune response, frequently resulting in the hypersensitive cell death response (HR) of the infected host cell. The wheat (Triticum aestivum) NLR Pm2 confers resistance against the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) if the isolate contains the specific RNase‐like effector AvrPm2. We identified and isolated seven new Pm2 alleles (Pm2e–i) in the wheat D‐genome ancestor Aegilops tauschii and two new natural AvrPm2 haplotypes from Bgt. Upon transient co‐expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, we observed a variant‐specific HR of the Pm2 variants Pm2a and Pm2i towards AvrPm2 or its homolog from the AvrPm2 effector family, BgtE‐5843, respectively. Through the introduction of naturally occurring non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and structure‐guided mutations, we identified single amino acids in both the wheat NLR Pm2 and the fungal effector proteins AvrPm2 and BgtE‐5843 responsible for the variant‐specific HR of the Pm2 variants. Exchanging these amino acids led to a modified HR of the Pm2–AvrPm2 interaction and allowed the identification of the effector head epitope, a 20‐amino‐acid long unit of AvrPm2 involved in the HR. Swapping of the AvrPm2 head epitope to the non‐HR‐triggering AvrPm2 family member BgtE‐5846 led to gain of a HR by Pm2a. Our study presents a molecular approach to identify crucial effector surface structures involved in the HR and demonstrates that natural and induced diversity in an immune receptor and its corresponding effectors can provide the basis for understanding and modifying NLR–effector specificity.