bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What activities of daily living at discharge affect the discharge destination of patients in an acute‐care hospital in Japan: A retrospective factor analysis
Authors: Tachi Tomoya , Otsubo Manami , Toyoshima Manabu , Katsuno Hayato , Ueno Anri , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Aoyama Satoshi , Yasuda Masahiro , Mizui Takashi , Goto Chitoshi , Teramachi Hitomi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is important to clarify the influence of activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge on the discharge destination of hospitalised patients. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a widely used ADL assessment scale. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify what ADL based on FIM at discharge affect the discharge destination of hospitalised patients in an acute‐care hospital, in addition to how nutritional status and the number of drugs used, as well as types of disease, affect discharge‐to‐home. We surveyed age, sex, disease type, length of hospital stay, discharge destination, FIM score at discharge, serum albumin level, and the number of continued drugs in hospitalised patients who underwent rehabilitation in Gifu Municipal Hospital (Gifu, Japan) between January 2014 and December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with discharge to home as a dependent variable and age, sex, disease, FIM score and polypharmacy as independent variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a significantly high percentage of discharged‐to‐home patients were associated with ‘self‐care’ (≥33 points; OR: 2.03), ‘sphincter control’ (≥14 points; OR: 1.49), ‘transfers’ (≥13 points; OR: 1.94), and ‘locomotion’ (≥7 points; OR: 3.55), among others. High FIM sub‐scale scores at discharge for self‐care, sphincter control, transfers, and locomotion were clarified as factors associated with discharge‐to‐home. These findings of the association of ADL based on FIM and discharge destination would be useful in deciding discharge destinations for patients in an acute‐phase hospital.
How far can we forecast? Statistical tests of the predictive content
Authors: Breitung Jörg , Knüppel Malte 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWe develop tests for the null hypothesis that forecasts become uninformative beyond some maximum forecast horizon h∗. The forecast may result from a survey of forecasters or from an estimated parametric model. The first class of tests compares the mean‐squared prediction error of the forecast to the variance of the evaluation sample, whereas the second class of tests compares it with the mean‐squared prediction error of the recursive mean. We show that the forecast comparison may easily be performed by adopting the encompassing principle, which results in simple regression tests with standard asymptotic inference. Our tests are applied to forecasts of macroeconomic key variables from the survey of Consensus Economics. The results suggest that these forecasts are barely informative beyond two to four quarters ahead.
Dental hygiene student attitudes about benefits of baccalaureate degree and factors impacting entry‐level program choice
Authors: Reid Heather L. , Boyd Linda D. , Vineyard Jared 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesAlthough the bachelor's degree is the entry‐level degree option supported by the American Dental Hygienists’ Association, the majority of dental hygiene programs remain associate degree. The aim of this study was to explore factors impacting entry‐level program choice and examine attitudes and perceptions of dental hygiene students pertaining to a bachelor's degree (BS) as the entry‐level degree.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey research design was utilized with a convenience sample of dental hygiene students (n = 429) from the United States and Canada. The 33‐item survey had four sections: demographics, factors influencing program choice, attitudes, and perceptions of a BS. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to explore the relationship between variables.ResultsThe completion rate was 91% (n = 384). Factors that most influenced program choice included: location (74%), cost (68%), and time to completion (47.7%). Students with mothers who graduated from college were more likely to rank time to completion as their number one factor (37%) (χ2[df2] = 19.6, p < 0.001, phi = 0.33). Students in bachelor's programs were significantly more likely to believe a bachelor's degree better prepared clinicians for duties required in future practice and that the entry‐level degree should be raised to a bachelor's degree (p < 0.001). While more students in associate degree program agreed there were opportunities in education without a bachelor's degree (p < 0.05).ConclusionCost, time to completion, and location were the factors influencing students’ program choice. While the dental hygiene profession advocates raising the entry‐level degree to a bachelor's programs, less than 40% of dental hygiene students supported this change.
Silica sulfuric acid mediated synthesis of naphtho[2,1‐b]furan derivatives and development of one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of substituted pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Uppalapati Divya Sree , Dachuru Rama Sekhara Reddy , Sunkara Satya Veni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSilica sulfuric acid (SSA) mediated synthesis of naphtho[2,1‐b]furan derivatives starting from β‐nitrostyrene derivatives and β‐naphthol derivatives under solvent‐free conditions have been developed. The scope of SSA as a heterogeneous catalyst is extended to one‐pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of functionalized pyrazole derivatives under solvent‐free conditions from readily available β‐nitrostyrene derivatives, acetyl acetone, and hydrazine hydrate. The synthetic methods have significant advantages such as solvent‐free conditions, simple operation, shorter reaction times, ease and clean isolation procedures, and very good yields of products.
Tissue Probability Based Registration of Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Malovani Cfir , Friedman Naama , Ben‐Eliezer Noam , Tavor Ido 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCurrent registration methods for diffusion‐MRI (dMRI) data mostly focus on white matter (WM) areas. Recently, dMRI has been employed for the characterization of gray matter (GM) microstructure, emphasizing the need for registration methods that consider all tissue types.PurposeTo develop a dMRI registration method based on GM, WM, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tissue probability maps (TPMs).Study TypeRetrospective longitudinal study.PopulationThirty‐two healthy participants were scanned twice (legacy data), divided into a training‐set (n = 16) and a test‐set (n = 16), and 35 randomly‐selected participants from the Human Connectome Project.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar sequence; T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐recalled echo (SPGR) sequence.AssessmentA joint segmentation‐registration approach was implemented: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) maps were classified into TPMs using machine‐learning approaches. The resulting GM, WM, and CSF probability maps were employed as features for image alignment. Validation was performed on the test dataset and the HCP dataset. Registration performance was compared with current mainstream registration tools.Statistical TestsClassifiers used for segmentation were evaluated using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and scored using Dice‐index. Registration success was evaluated by voxel‐wise variance, normalized cross‐correlation of registered DTI maps, intra‐ and inter‐subject similarity of the registered TPMs, and region‐based intra‐subject similarity using an anatomical atlas. One‐way ANOVAs were performed to compare between our method and other registration tools.ResultsThe proposed method outperformed mainstream registration tools as indicated by lower voxel‐wise variance of registered DTI maps (SD decrease of 10%) and higher similarity between registered TPMs within and across participants, for all tissue types (Dice increase of 0.1–0.2; P < 0.05).Data ConclusionA joint segmentation‐registration approach based on diffusion‐driven TPMs provides a more accurate registration of dMRI data, outperforming other registration tools. Our method offers a “translation” of diffusion data into structural information in the form of TPMs, allowing to directly align diffusion and structural images.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Noncontrast‐Enhanced MR‐Based Conductivity Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection and Lesion Differentiation
Authors: Suh June , Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Cho Nariya , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Rihyeon , Kim Eun Sil , Jang Myoung‐jin , Ha Su Min , Lee Su Hyun , Chang Jung Min , Moon Woo Kyung 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in noncontrast‐enhanced MRI due to safety concerns for gadolinium contrast agents.PurposeTo investigate the clinical feasibility of MR‐based conductivity imaging for breast cancer detection and lesion differentiation.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsOne hundred and ten women, with 112 known cancers and 17 benign lesions (biopsy‐proven), scheduled for preoperative MRI.Field Strength/SequenceNon‐fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo sequence (T2WI), dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) at 3T.AssessmentCancer detectability on each imaging modality was qualitatively evaluated on a per‐breast basis: the conductivity maps derived from T2WI were independently reviewed by three radiologists (R1–R3). T2WI, DWI, and pre‐operative digital mammography were independently reviewed by three other radiologists (R4–R6). Conductivity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements (mean, minimum, and maximum) were performed for 112 cancers and 17 benign lesions independently by two radiologists (R1 and R2). Tumor size was measured from surgical specimens.Statistical TestsCancer detection rates were compared using generalized estimating equations. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with cancer detectability. Discriminating ability of conductivity and ADC was evaluated by using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsConductivity imaging showed lower cancer detection rates (20%–32%) compared to T2WI (62%–71%), DWI (85%–90%), and mammography (79%–88%) (all P < 0.05). Fatty breast on MRI (odds ratio = 11.8, P < 0.05) and invasive tumor size (odds ratio = 1.7, P < 0.05) were associated with cancer detectability of conductivity imaging. The maximum conductivity showed comparable ability to the mean ADC in discriminating between cancers and benign lesions (AUC = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.59, 0.75] vs. 0.84 [0.76, 0.90], P = 0.06 (R1); 0.65 [0.56, 0.73] vs. 0.82 [0.74, 0.88], P = 0.07 (R2)).Data ConclusionAlthough conductivity imaging showed suboptimal performance in breast cancer detection, the quantitative measurement of conductivity showed the potential for lesion differentiation.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Historical trends in the trade wind inversion in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean
Authors: Ramseyer Craig A. , Miller Paul W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe trade wind inversion (TWI) serves as an important stabilizing mechanism in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, including the Caribbean basin. Previous studies have diagnosed the TWI using in situ observations and radiosondes, typically over tropical islands. However, studies relying on these point measurements are unable to discern the climatology and evolution of the TWI over the rest of the TNA. This study addresses this gap in the literature through the use of high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis model level data. Due to the advances in the ERA line of reanalysis products, ERA5 now provides vertical level resolution as fine as ~4 mb in the lower troposphere, enabling the identification of shallow inversions, such as the TWI, consistently on a climatological time scale in remote regions of the world. While still coarser than observed soundings, this reanalysis‐based approach provides a first attempt in understanding TNA TWI variability and its strength and frequency trends from 1979 to 2019. The TWI climatology constructed here finds consilience with previous modelling and observational studies in terms of the spatial variability of the TWI base and strength across this domain. Stronger and more frequent TWIs are noted across the central TNA across all seasons. Results from a Mann–Kendall analysis reveals increasing trends in TWI frequency and strength that vary spatially across the domain based on season. The most widespread and strongest increasing TWI frequency and strength signal is over the central TNA from December to July. Due to the regionalization of trends noted, potential regional forcing mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
Defective cuprous oxide as a selective surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensor of dye adulteration in Chinese herbal medicines
Authors: Jiang Yuxiao , Cong Shan , Song Ge , Sun Hongzhao , Zhang Wei , Yao Weirong , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChinese herbal medicine is an ancient part of humanity's heritage. However, the quality of commercial Chinese herbal remedies is currently compromised by illegal dyeing and adulteration. A rapid screening method of suspected dyeing compounds based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven difficult to develop due to the extreme complexity of the extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal products, as well as the lack of selective signal enhancement for target adulterants on commercially available Ag or Au substrates. Defective Cu2O nanostructures provide specific anchoring sites for dye adulterants such as Sudan red dyes on the basis of coordination between hydroxyl/azo groups and exposed Cu sites. This coordination facilitates an effective analyte–substrate charge‐transfer, resulting in a prominent Raman signal enhancement for the analyte. Based on the mechanism of selective signal enhancement on Cu2O, this study shows that the adulterant Sudan red III in the extractions of various herbal medicines can be detected directly even at an extremely low concentration of 0.3 mg/kg. The findings suggest the advantages of semiconducting materials as promising SERS substrates for practical applications.
Postoperative duration of opioid use and acute healthcare services use in cancer patients hospitalized for thoracic surgery
Authors: Kurteva Siyana , Tamblyn Robyn , Khosrow‐Khavar Farzin , Meguerditchian Ari N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain control is an important cancer care component. However, opioid consumption has resulted in a surge of adverse events, with thoracic surgery patients having the highest rate of persistent use. The effect of opioid duration post‐discharge and the risk of increased acute healthcare use in this population remains unclear.MethodsA prospective cohort of non‐metastatic cancer patients was assembled from an academic health center in Montreal (Canada). Clinical data linked to administrative claims from the universal healthcare program was used to determine the association between time‐varying opioid patterns and emergency department (ED) visits/re‐admissions/death 3 months following thoracic surgery.ResultsOf the 610 patients, 77% had at least one opioid dispensed post‐discharge. Compared to non‐opioid users, <15 days of use was associated with a 42% decreased risk of acute healthcare events, adjusted HR 0.58, 95% CI (0.40–0.85); longer durations were not associated with an increased risk. Compared to short‐term use (<15 days), use of >30 days was associated with a 72% increased risk of the outcome, aHR: 1.72, 95% CI (1.01–2.93).ConclusionThere was a variation in the risk of acute healthcare use associated with postsurgical opioid use. Findings from this study may be used to inform postoperative prescribing practices.
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Treatment of Neurogenic Cough
Authors: Duffy James R. , Litts Juliana K. , Fink Daniel S. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to add to the body of evidence for efficacy of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) blocks for treatment of neurogenic cough. Efficacy at short‐ and long‐term intervals are presented as well as relationships with laryngoscopic findings.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients treated with SLN block between 2018 and 2020 was conducted. Patient demographics, videostroboscopic findings, and patient‐subjective perception of outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Cough Severity Index (CSI) scores from pre‐injection, short‐term follow‐up, and long‐term follow‐up were compared.ResultsTwenty patients underwent SLN block in the clinic setting. Four patients were excluded for incomplete records. The indication was neurogenic cough refractory to medical management and/or cough suppression therapy. Patients with short‐term follow‐up (n = 13) had statistically significant decrease in CSI scores, with a mean baseline CSI of 24.3 decreasing to 16.15 (P = .006). Patients with evidence of Vocal Fold Motion/Vibratory Abnormalities (VFA) (n = 8) showed improvement in short‐term CSI scores, with a mean baseline CSI of 24.13 decreasing to 14.5 (P = .004). Those without evidence of VFA did not have statistically significant improvement in short‐term CSI scores. At long‐term follow‐up, patients with VFA had improvements that approached statistical significance with a mean baseline CSI of 22.56 decreasing to 14.56 (P = .057), while patients without VFA showed no improvement.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with previous literature indicating efficacy of SLN block. The presence of VFA may be an indicator of patients who experience increased therapeutic effect.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2676–E2680, 2021
Net community metabolism of a Posidonia oceanica meadow
Authors: Champenois Willy , Borges Alberto V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a 12‐yr data set (August 2006–October 2018) of nearly continuous estimates (n = 3275) of gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and net community production (NCP) in a Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow, computed from O2 measurements on a mooring at 10 m bottom depth in the Bay of Revellata (Corsica). Both NCP and CR were correlated to GPP and followed the leaf biomass seasonal cycle. The meadow was net autotrophic (NCP of 23 ± 8 mol O2 m−2 yr−1, GPP [83 ± 16 mol O2 m−2 yr−1] > −CR [−60 ± 9 mol O2 m−2 yr−1]), in agreement with oxygen oversaturation (104% at annual scale, 101% in winter, and 109% in summer). Calcification (CAL) and CaCO3 dissolution (DIS) rates were evaluated from dissolved inorganic carbon measurements in benthic chamber incubations (August 2006–2009). The meadow was found to be a net sink of CaCO3 (DIS > CAL) at an annual rate of 7 mol CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 that matched estimates of CaCO3 deposition on the meadow by sedimentation from the water column. CAL from epiphyte coralline algae was correlated to GPP, but CAL : GPP ratio (0.1) was lower than reported for coralline algae in cultures (0.6) due to the additional contribution of Posidonia to GPP. Both NCP and net DIS contributed to an annual CO2 sink of −30 mol CO2 m−2 yr−1 distinctly stronger than the estimated net air‐sea CO2 flux (−1 mol CO2 m−2 yr−1). This suggests that CO2 input by vertical mixing and/or transport by horizontal advection also strongly contribute to the net atmospheric CO2 exchange.
Eutrophication alters bacterial co‐occurrence networks and increases the importance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter composition
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhou Yongqiang , Tang Xiangming , Zhang Yunlin , Zhu Guangwei , Székely Anna J , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEutrophication affects bacterial communities by fueling them with nutrients and carbon sources. While the influence of physicochemical conditions on bacterial communities is well studied, little is known about how dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality affects bacterial interspecific interactions and community composition with increasing eutrophication. Here, we examined the relative importance of physicochemical conditions and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) composition for bacterial community variation across trophic gradients using 109 samples data collected in 33 lakes of the Yangtze‐Huaihe River basin. We found a notable increase of bacterial abundance, elevated modularity of co‐occurrence networks, and decreased habitat niche breadths from mesotrophic sites to hyper‐eutrophic sites, suggesting changes in co‐occurrence patterns with eutrophication. Variation partitioning revealed that the proportion purely explained by CDOM composition was higher at the moderate‐ and hyper‐eutrophic sites than at the mesotrophic sites. Moreover, the module structures of the networks correlated significantly with CDOM composition at the eutrophic sites but not at the mesotrophic sites. The significant negative correlation between community‐level habitat niche breadths and the intensities of the protein‐like components at the moderate‐ and hyper‐eutrophic sites indicates a strong association between biolabile protein‐like compounds and habitat specialists in nutrient and substrate enriched lake systems. Our results suggest that consideration of DOM composition can strengthen the identification of links between environmental factors and bacterial community composition and interspecific interactions, especially under resource‐rich conditions.
Warming exacerbates the impact of nutrient enrichment on microbial functional potentials important to the nutrient cycling in shallow lake mesocosms
Authors: Ren Lijuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Lauridsen Torben L. , Søndergaard Martin , Han Boping , Wang Jianjun , Jeppesen Erik , Zhou Jizhong , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShallow lakes, the most numerous waterbodies on Earth, are susceptible to climate warming and nutrient enrichment whose effects on the microbial functional potentials are not yet fully understood, however. Here, we applied a microarray‐based technology termed GeoChip 5.0 to investigate microbial functional genes at the beginning of April in shallow lake ecosystems simulated in mesocosms that have been undergoing nutrient enrichment and warming for 9 yr. Our results showed that warming exacerbated the impact of nutrient enrichment on microbial metabolic potentials and significantly elevated the microbial autotrophy potentials, carbon degradation potentials (e.g., starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, and chitin), and polyphosphate mobilization potentials. We also observed that warming enhanced the impacts of nutrient enrichment on microbial functional gene structure. The combination of warming and nutrient enrichment increased the deterministic effect from phytoplankton, causing higher interlinking of microbial functional genes involved in the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling in correlation‐based networks. Overall, we propose that the joint effect of warming and nutrient enrichment promoted the autotrophic carbon supply and the heterotrophic carbon demand and changed the carbon fluxes in the experimental mesocosms.