bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Inhibitor Chrysophanol Ameliorates Neurobehavioural and Neurochemical Defects in Propionic Acid-induced Experimental Model of Autism
Authors: Sharma Aarti , Mehan Sidharth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social-communication deficits and repetitive behaviour. Several studies have revealed that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autism. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway overexpression produces neurological abnormalities by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a natural substance derived from the plant Rheum palmatum, a well-known Chinese herbal remedy with potential pharmacological applications. The purpose of this study was to look into the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological changes in ICV-PPA-induced autism-like rats, with a particular emphasis on its effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain. Furthermore, we looked at how CPH affected the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) in rat brain homogenate, as well as apoptotic markers such caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were examined for behavioural abnormalities, like neuromuscular dysfunction using actophotometer, motor coordination by beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour with forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficit, and consolidation of memory using Morris water maze (MWM) task. Prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms in PPA-treated rats. In addition, cellular, molecular, cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators have been examined in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples. The current findings suggest that CPH also restores the altered neurochemical levels and potentially prevents autism-like gross pathological changes, including demyelination volume in the rat brain.
Cost–benefit Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Iran
Authors: Sargazi Nasrin , Takian Amirhossein , Daroudi Rajabali , Nahvijou Azin , Yaseri Mehdi , Motlagh Ali Ghanbari , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite increasing global attention to the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program, this program is controversial in Iran. Evidence indicate that HPV vaccination is not cost-effective in Iran. Using cost-effectiveness analysis for decision-making about public health interventions such as vaccination is debated, because its potential benefits may not fit this framework. Our objective was to evaluate economic effects of HPV vaccination by cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In this case, we used bivalent and quadrivalent in Iran in 2020. Methods: We performed a CBA from a societal perspective. We used two approaches of the vaccine's economic benefit: willingness to pay by discrete choice experiment; and cost of illness. Costs only included the vaccine cost. Results: The cost of two doses of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines were US $ 29 and US $ 151, respectively (US $1 =IRR 42,000). The benefits of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines were US $ -432, and US $ 380 per person using willingness to pay approach and they were US $ 7,375 and US $ 6,590 thorough cost-of-illness approach. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines was -15.114 and 2.512 by willingness to pay approach, and it was 258.12 and 43.51, by cost of illness approach. Conclusions: This study confirms the benefit of both the national bivalent and quadrivalent vaccination program and provide reliable evidence for policy-makers when programming HPV vaccination.
Liraglutide and the Management of Overweight and Obesity in People with Severe Mental Illness: Qualitative Sub-Study
Authors: Barnard-Kelly Katharine , Whicher Clare A , Price Hermione , Phiri Peter , Asher Carolyn , DPhil Robert C Peveler , Holt Richard , Rathod Shanaya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: People with severe mental illness are two to three times more likely to be overweight or have obesity than the general population and this is associated with significant morbidity and premature mortality. Liraglutide 3mg is a once daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist that is licensed for the treatment of obesity in the general population and has the potential to be used in people with severe mental illness.Aim: To gain an insight into the feasibility and acceptability of using liraglutide 3mg for the treatment of obesity in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders or first episode psychosis. Methods: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with a purposive sub-sample of people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders or first episode psychosis and healthcare professionals with overweight or obesity who were treated with a daily injection of liraglutide 3mg in a double-blinded, randomised controlled pilot study evaluating the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Interviews were also conducted with healthcare professionals.Results: Seventeen patient participants were interviewed. Sixteen took part in the baseline interview, eight completed both baseline and follow-up interviews, and one took part in follow-up interview only. Mean interview duration was thirteen minutes (range 5-37 minutes). Despite reservations by some participants about the injections before the study, most of those who completed the trial reported no challenges in the timing of or administering the injections. Key themes included despondency regarding prior medication associated weight gain, quality of life impact of weight loss, practical aspects of participation including materials received and clinic attendance. Healthcare professionals reported challenges with recruitment, however, overall it was a positive experience for them and for participants. Conclusion: Liraglutide appears to be an acceptable therapy for obesity in this population with limited side effects. The quality of life benefits realised by several intervention participants reinforce the biomedical benefits of achieved weight loss.
Simultaneous Improvement of Lincomycin a Production and Reduction of Lincomycin B Levels in Streptomyces Lincolnensis Using a Combined Medium Optimization Approach
Authors: Zheng Xiu-hong , Ye Rui-fang , Ding Qi-hang , Hu Feng-xian , Zhang Hong-zhou , Lai Shen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe current study aimed to optimize the culture and production parameters of industrial production of lincomycin A by Streptomyces lincolnensis using a statistical approach that could also reduce unwanted by-products. MethodsThe Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and response surface design were used to evaluate different factors that affect lincomycin A production. ResultsUsing an optimized S. lincolnensis fermentation medium, lincomycin A production was increased up to 4600 mg/L in shaking flasks, which indicated a 28.3% improvement over previous production in an un-optimized medium (3585 mg/L). Additionally, the concentration of lincomycin B by-product was reduced to 0.8%, which was 82.2% lower than that in the un-optimized medium. Further, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the optimized medium improved lincomycin A production by stimulating key genes in the lincomycin A biosynthesis pathway, as well as an osmotic stress gene. ConclusionsOptimizing the fermentation medium improved lincomycin A production and decreased that of the lincomycin B by-product, which could help cut production costs and simplify downstream separation processes. We found that osmotic stress reduced the concentration of lincomycin B, which could also help reduce fermentation by-product yields in other actinobacteria.
Molecular Subtyping and Prognostic Prediction Based on the Ferroptosis-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Signature in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: zhu zhenpeng , Zhang Cuijian , Qian Jinqin , Feng Ninghan , Zhu Weijie , Wang Yang , Gong Yanqing , Li Xuesong , Lin Jian , Zhou Liqun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma is gradually characteristic of the accumulation of lipid-reactive oxygen species. And, the ferroptosis-related LncRNAs have been reported strongly correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, the further functions of ferroptosis-related LncRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma have not been explored. MethodsAfter sample cleaning, data integration, and batch effect removal, we used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) public database to screen out the expression and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related LncRNAs and then performed the molecular subtyping. The molecular subtyping was developed using the K-means. Then, the KEGG pathway enrichment and statistical analyses of the immune microenvironment and clusters were carried out. The outcomes indicated significant differences in the immune microenvironment and potential therapeutic targets between the two clusters. Then, LASSO Cox regression was performed to establish the 5-LncRNAs-based prognostic signature. The signature could accurately predict patient prognosis and be used as an independent clinical risk factor. And the 5 LncRNAs were validated in the cell lines and clinical samples. We then combined significant clinical parameters in multivariate Cox regression and prognostic signature to construct a clinical predictive nomogram, which provides appropriate guidance for predicting the overall survival of ccRCC patients.ResultsThe prognostic DEFRLncRNAs were identified, and 5 LncRNAs were finally utilized to establish the prognostic signature in the TCGA cohort, which was subsequently validated in the internal and external cohorts. Moreover, we conducted the molecular subtyping and divided the patients in the TCGA cohort into two clusters, showing the difference in the Hallmark pathways, immune infiltration, expression of the immune target, and drug therapy. Furthermore, the nomogram was established better to predict the clinical outcomes of the ccRCC patients. ConclusionsOur study conducted molecular subtyping and established a novel predictive signature based on the ferroptosis-related LncRNAs, which could accurately predict prognosis and potential therapeutic targets in ccRCC patients.
Evaluation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Responsiveness by Erythrocyte Creatine in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hasegawa Shun , Nakamura Seishi , Sugiura Tetsuro , Tsuka Yoshiaki , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Matsumura Koichiro , Okumiya Toshika , Baden Masato , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the main causes of anaemia in patients with end-stage renal disease is relative deficiency in erythropoietin production. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), a potent haematopoietic growth factor, is used to treat anaemia in haemodialysis patients. The effect of rHuEpo is usually assessed by haematological indices such as red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, but erythrocyte indices do not provide information of the rapid change in erythropoietic activity. As erythrocyte creatine directly assess erythropoiesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rHuEpo in haemodialysis patients by measuring erythrocyte creatine. Methods: rHuEpo dose was fixed 3 months prior to the enrollment and was maintained throughout the entire study period. Eerythrocyte creatine was measured with haematologic indices in 83 haemodialysis patients. Haemoglobin was also measured 3 months after. Results: rHuEpo dose (152.4±62.9 vs. 82.2±45.5 units/kg/week, P=0.0001) and erythrocyte creatine (2.07±0.73 vs. 1.60±0.41 µmol/gHb, p=0.0003) were significantly higher in 27 patients with haemoglobin <10g/dL compared to 56 patients with haemoglobin ≥10g/dL. There was a fair correlation between rHuEpo dose and erythrocyte creatine (r=0.55, P <0.0001). Increase in haemoglobin (>0.1g/dL) was observed in 37 patients, whereas haemoglobin did not increase in 46 patients. Erythrocyte creatine was significantly higher in patients with increase in haemoglobin compared to those without (2.04±0.64 vs. 1.52±0.39 µmol/gHb, p <0.0001). When 8 variables (rHuEpo dose, erythropoietin resistance index, C-reactive protein, intact parathyroid hormone, incidence of iron deficiency, presence of anaemia, erythrocyte creatine and reticulocyte) were used in the multivariate logistic analysis, erythrocyte creatine emerged as the most important variable associated with increase in haemoglobin (Chi-square=6.19, P=0.01). Conclusion: Erythrocyte creatine, a useful marker of erythropoietic capacity, is a reliable marker to estimate ameliorative effectiveness of rHuEpo in haemodialysis patients.
An ensonified bubble curtain blocks 4 species of invasive carp in a laboratory flume but also deters other fish, while sound alone is less effective overall and does not target carp
Authors: Feely Jane Rose , Sorensen Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Four species of invasive carp from Asia are advancing up the Mississippi River through its locks and dams and threatening to damage to its ecosystems. It has been hypothesized that sensory stimuli could be projected into locks to block the movement of these carp. Sound has garnered attention because carp are hearing specialists, so they might be targetable. A recent study demonstrated that when a broadband cyclic sound was projected into an air curtain to create an ensonified bubble curtain (EBC), it was especially effective at blocking bighead and common carp and less effective at blocking a native species that lacked hearing specializations, while sound alone was generally less effective. However, whether an EBC might be similarly and uniquely effective at blocking all species of carp, and what its effects might be on other fishes in general, has not yet been addressed. To answer these questions, this study examined the responses of 10 species of fishes including 4 carps, 2 native hearing specialists, and 4 native non-specialists in a darkened laboratory flume while either a cyclic sound was played on its own or projected into an air curtain. The EBC blocked all 4 carps 9297% of the time without habituation, but 5 native fish were also partially blocked. In contrast, sound alone only blocked 2 carps and affected the other fishes in ways not related to their hearing abilities. An EBC appears well suited to blocking carp invasions, especially if native fish movement is a secondary concern.
Incidence Trends of Gastric Cancer in Southern Iran: Adenocarcinoma and Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer Are More Rising Among Younger Ages
Authors: Hosseini-Bensenjan Mahanaz , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Khosravizadegan Zahra , Bagheri-Lankarani Kamran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is still one of the major causes of cancer mortality. Due to health-related transitions, the epidemiology of GC subtypesmaybe changed. These changes may have profound effects on the clinical approaches, and public health management of GC. Iran, as a developing country, has experienced huge demographic and epidemiological transitions during recent decades. We aimed to investigate subtype-specific population-based incidence trends of GC in southern Iran.
Methods
We used data on GC incidence in southern Iran for 2001–2015. Data preparation and subtype grouping were done based on the ICD-O-3. Trends of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR), truncated ASRs, the incidence rate of early-onset, adenocarcinoma, and cardia GC, and age-gender specific rates were analyzed applying joinpoint regression modeling. Annual percentage change (APC) and its 95%confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.
Results
Overall APC was estimated at 7.2 for males and 8.7 for females. Estimated APCs for trends of overall GC, and gastric adenocarcinoma were stable for both genders during 2009 to 2015, while the trends of cardia GC were increasing for both genders. Estimated APCs for trends of non-cardia GC wasalso stable.
Conclusion
Overall trends of incidence of GC in southern Iran have been stable for the last decade. However, significant and different changes in the pattern of GC have occurred.Etiological and prognostic studies are needed in Iran for improvement of the GC management.
Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanowhiskers from TEMPO Oxidized Sisal Fibers
Authors: FAN FANGWEI , ZHU MENGTING , FANG KAIYANG , CAO ENDI , YANG YINZHI , XIE JINPENG , DENG ZHONGMIN , CHEN YIREN , CAO XINWANG 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanowhiskers as one kind of renewable and biocompatible nanomaterials evoke much interest because of its versatility in various applications. Herein, the sisal cellulose nanowhiskers with length of 100–500 nm, ultrathin diameter of 6–61 nm, high crystallinity of 74.74 % and C6 carboxylate groups converted from C6 primary hydroxyls were prepared via a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO system selective oxidization combined with mechanical homogenization. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration in alkali pretreatment on the final sisal cellulose nanowhiskers were explored. It was found that with the increase of sodium hydroxide concentration, the sisal fiber crystalline type would change from cellulose I to cellulose II. The versatile sisal cellulose nanowhiskers would be particularly useful for applications in the nanocomposites as reinforcing phase, as well as in tissue engineering, filtration, pharmaceutical and optical industries as additives.
CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots As a Fluorescence Probes For Determination of Vitamin B1
Authors: Tirbandpaya Reza , Samadi-Maybodi Abdolraouf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new and fast method for determination of vitamin B1 (thiamine) using functionalized CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as a sensor. In this study the core-shell CdSe/ZnS QDs with thioglycolic acid capping agents were synthesized by wet chemical method in aqueous solution. Electronic absorption was applied for size determination of the QDs, the average diameters of the synthesized quantum dots were calculated using wavelength of the first excitonic absorption peak. The methods of FESEM and FTIR were also used for characterization of the prepared samples. The results indicated that vitamin B1 could effectively quench the QDs emission and the fluorescence intensity decreased linearly with the concentration of vitamin B1 ranging from 10-7 to 10-4 molL−1 with limit of detection of 2×10-8 mol L−1. Determination of vitamin B1in pills from two pharmaceutical companies were used as real samples using this method .
Precise Determination of Optical Band Gap in Cr-Doped Semiconductor Nanowires
Authors: Anad N. S. , El-Fattah Zakaria M Abd , Attallah M. , Ahmed Hanaa M. , El-Okr Mohammed M. , El-Bahnasawy Hany H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pristine and chromium-doped ZnO nanowires were prepared following the traditional co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction data identified a pure wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure characteristic for ZnO, irrespective of the doping level. The particle size, as deduced form Williamson–Hall plots, was found to be 45-55 nm for all samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a clear nanowires morphology for the pure and doped samples, while elemental analysis ensured the successful Cr-doping. Distinct spectroscopic signatures of Cr-doping were revealed from a detailed deconvolution process applied to optical spectra of doped samples, where Cr 3+ optical transitions were unambiguously identified at ~420 and ~665 nm. Particularly relevant, is the spectral decomposition here performed for the superimposed absorption edge (~385 nm) and Cr 3+ optical resonance at ~420 nm, allowing to claim practically doping-independent optical band gap behavior in the present doping regime. This is further supported by identifying the characteristic ZnO near edge photoluminescence peak (~ 392 nm) which maintains fixed wavelength after Cr-doping. These findings contrast earlier studies on Cr-doped semiconductor nanoparticles and glass systems where the optical band gap has been largely underestimated. We attribute the inconsistence band gap values reported in literature for Cr-doped semiconductors to the proximity of Cr optical transitions to the semiconductor absorption edge.
Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly: The Mediating Effect of Social Participation
Authors: Zhang Yunfan , Su Dai , Chen Yingchun , Tan Min , Chen Xinlin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Many studies have shown that socioeconomic status and social participation are important factors affecting the health status of the elderly. However, the specific mechanism and path are unclear. This research aimed to investigate the mediating effect of social participation on the association between the socioeconomic status and the health status of the elderly.Methods: A total of 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were obtained, including 10 197 elderly people over 65 years old. Bootstrap method was adopted to examine the mediating effect of social participation on the relationship of the socioeconomic status with the physical and mental health of the elderly. Socioeconomic status included three dimensions: income, education level, and main occupation before retirement. The physical and mental health of the elderly were measured with the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE). The social participation of the elderly was the mediator variable, including group exercise and organised social activities. Results: The average scores of IADL and MMSE were 17.98 and 23.04, respectively. Group-exercise participation had a mediating effect between socioeconomic status and physical health of the elderly, and the highest proportion of the mediating effect of each subdimension was 62.84% (95% CI = 0.165, 0.285). The highest proportion of the mediating effect of group-exercise participation on the mental-health status of the elderly was 16.70% (95% CI = 0.072, 0.153). The mediating effect of interacting with friends between the socioeconomic status and the physical health of the elderly was 30.69% (95% CI = 0.037, 0.196) in each subdimension and 15.46% (95% CI = 0.012, 0.169) in mental health. Participation in organised social activities had a mediating effect only between the socioeconomic status and the physical health of the elderly, and the highest proportion of the mediating effect in each dimension was 13.97% (95% CI = 0.014, 0.088).Conclusion: The socioeconomic status of the elderly plays a mediating role in the process of influencing the physical and mental health of the elderly by participating in group exercise and organised social activities, as well as actively interacting with friends. It can significantly adjust the adverse effects of a disadvantaged socioeconomic status on improvements in physical and mental health to achieve better health outcomes.