bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UVscope and its application aboard the ASTRI-Horn telescope
Authors: Maccarone Maria Concetta , La Rosa Giovanni , Catalano Osvaldo , Giarrusso Salvo , Segreto Alberto , Biondo Benedetto , Bruno Pietro , Gargano Carmelo , Grillo Alessandro , Impiombato Domenico , Russo Francesco , Sottile Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUVscope is an instrument, based on a multi-pixel photon detector, developed to support experimental activities for high-energy astrophysics and cosmic ray research. The instrument, working in single photon counting mode, is designed to directly measure light flux in the wavelengths range 300-650 nm. The instrument can be used in a wide field of applications where the knowledge of the nocturnal environmental luminosity is required. Currently, one UVscope instrument is allocated onto the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope devoted to the gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. Being co-aligned with the ASTRI-Horn camera axis, UVscope can measure the diffuse emission of the night sky background simultaneously with the ASTRI-Horn camera, without any interference with the main telescope data taking procedures. UVscope is properly calibrated and it is used as an independent reference instrument for test and diagnostic of the novel ASTRI-Horn telescope.
Effective Neutrino Masses from Four Flavor Neutrino Mixing Matrix
Authors: Koranga Bipin Singh , Nautiyal Vivek Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the four neutrino oscillation that accommodate the all neutrino oscillation data. We consider the range of the corresponding mixing parameters by the result of neutrino oscillation experiments. Implicaion of the neutrino oscillation search for the neutrino mass square difference and mixing are discussed. We determine the possible values of the effective majorana neutrino mass$|<m>|=|{\sum }_{j}U_{ej}^{2}m_{j}|$|<m>|=|∑jUej2mj|in the four neutrino scenario. In the four-neutrino scheme there is an upper bound on | <m> | of the normal mass order is 2.0074eV forα= 0∘,β= 0∘andγ= 0∘. In the case of inverted mass order the upper bound on | < m > | is 2.0069eV forα= 0∘,β= 0∘andγ= 0∘.
The FMM accelerated PIES with the modified binary tree in solving potential problems for the domains with curvilinear boundaries
Authors: Kużelewski Andrzej , Zieniuk Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper presents an accelerating of solving potential boundary value problems (BVPs) with curvilinear boundaries by modified parametric integral equations system (PIES). The fast multipole method (FMM) known from the literature was included into modified PIES. To consider complex curvilinear shapes of a boundary, the modification of a binary tree used by the FMM is proposed. The FMM combined with the PIES, called the fast PIES, also allows a significant reduction of random access memory (RAM) utilization. Therefore, it is possible to solve complex engineering problems on a standard personal computer (PC). The proposed algorithm is based on the modified PIES and allows for obtaining accurate solutions of complex BVPs described by the curvilinear boundary at a reasonable time on the PC.
Ignoring Spatial and Spatiotemporal Dependence in the Disturbances Can Make Black Swans Appear Grey
Authors: Pace R. Kelley , Calabrese Raffaella 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutomated valuation models (AVMs) are widely used by financial institutions to estimate the property value for a residential mortgage. The distribution of pricing errors obtained from AVMs generally show fat tails (Pender 2016; Demiroglu and JamesManagement Science, 64(4), 1747–1760 2018). The extreme events on the tails are usually known as “black swans” (Taleb 2010) in finance and their existence complicates financial risk management, assessment, and regulation. We show via theory, Monte Carlo experiments, and an empirical example that a direct relation exists between non-normality of the pricing errors and goodness-of-fit of the house pricing models. Specifically, we provide an empirical example using US housing prices where we demonstrate an almost perfect linear relation between the estimated degrees-of-freedom for a Student’stdistribution and the goodness-of-fit of sophisticated evaluation models with spatial and spatialtemporal dependence.
Rationality, preference satisfaction and anomalous intentions: why rational choice theory is not self-defeating
Authors: Fumagalli Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe critics of rational choice theory (henceforth, RCT) frequently claim that RCT is self-defeating in the sense that agents who abide by RCT’s prescriptions are less successful in satisfying their preferences than they would be if they abided by some normative theory of choice other than RCT. In this paper, I combine insights from philosophy of action, philosophy of mind and the normative foundations of RCT to rebut this often-made criticism. I then explicate the implications of my thesis for the wider philosophical debate concerning the normativity of RCT for both ideal agents who can form and revise their intentions instantly without cognitive costs and real-life agents who have limited control over the formation and the dynamics of their own intentions.
Establishing Crosswalks Between Common Measures of Burnout in US Physicians
Authors: Brady Keri J. S. , Ni Pengsheng , Carlasare Lindsey , Shanafelt Tait D. , Sinsky Christine A. , Linzer Mark , Stillman Martin , Trockel Mickey T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Physician burnout is often assessed by healthcare organizations. Yet, scores from different burnout measures cannot currently be directly compared, limiting the interpretation of results across organizations or studies.

Objective
To link common measures of burnout to a single metric in psychometric analyses such that group-level scores from different assessments can be compared.

Design
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting
US practices.

Participants
A total of 1355 physicians sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile.

Main Measures
We linked the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) and Mini-Z Single-Item Burnout (MZSIB) scale to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in item response theory (IRT) fixed-calibration and equipercentile analyses and created crosswalks mapping PFI and MZSIB scores to corresponding MBI scores. We evaluated the accuracy of the results by comparing physicians’ actual MBI scores to those predicted by linking and described the closest cut-point equivalencies across scales linked to the same MBI subscale using the resulting crosswalks.

Key Results
IRT linking produced the most accurate results and was used to create crosswalks mapping (1) PFI Work Exhaustion (PFI-WE) and MZSIB scores to MBI Emotional Exhaustion (MBI-EE) scores and (2) PFI Interpersonal Disengagement (PFI-ID) scores to MBI Depersonalization (MBI-DP) scores. The commonly used MBI-EE raw score cut-point of ≥27 corresponded most closely with respective PFI-WE and MZSIB raw score cut-points of ≥7 and ≥3. The commonly used MBI-DP raw score cut-point of ≥10 corresponded most closely with a PFI-ID raw score cut-point of ≥9.

Conclusions
Our findings allow healthcare organizations using the PFI or MZSIB to compare group-level scores to historical, regional, or national MBI scores (and vice-versa).
Complex multi-decadal ice dynamical change inland of marine-terminating glaciers on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Williams Joshua J. , Gourmelen Noel , Nienow Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGreenland's future contribution to sea-level rise is strongly dependent on the extent to which dynamic perturbations, originating at the margin, can drive increased ice flow within the ice-sheet interior. However, reported observations of ice dynamical change at distances >~50 km from the margin have a very low spatial and temporal resolution. Consequently, the likely response of the ice-sheet's interior to future oceanic and atmospheric warming is poorly constrained. Through combining GPS and satellite-image-derived ice velocity measurements, we measure multi-decadal (1993–1997 to 2014–2018) velocity change at 45 inland sites, encompassing all regions of the ice sheet. We observe an almost ubiquitous acceleration inland of tidewater glaciers in west Greenland, consistent with acceleration and retreat at glacier termini, suggesting that terminus perturbations have propagated considerable distances (>100 km) inland. In contrast, outside of Kangerlussuaq, we observe no acceleration inland of tidewater glaciers in east Greenland despite terminus retreat and near-terminus acceleration, and suggest propagation may be limited by the influence of basal topography and ice geometry. This pattern of inland dynamical change indicates that Greenland's future contribution to sea-level will be spatially complex and will depend on the capacity for dynamic changes at individual outlet glacier termini to propagate inland.
Genetic diversity in clustered colonies of an Antarctic marine mesopredator: a role for habitat quality?
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Brunetti Claudia , Carapelli Antonio , Burrini Lucia , Fattorini Niccolò , Ferretti Francesco , Olmastroni Silvia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic structure may be highly variable across seabird species, and particularly among those that are distributed over large geographical areas. The Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a numerically dominant Antarctic seabird that is considered to be a key species in coastal ecosystems. Since the Last Glacial Maximum, penguin colonization of the Antarctic coastline occurred at varying geographical and temporal scales, contributing to an incomplete understanding of how modern colonies relate to each other at local or regional scales. We assessed the population genetic structure of Adélie penguins (n= 86 individuals) from three adjacent colonies along the Victoria Land coast using molecular genetic markers (i.e. seven microsatellite loci isolated through next-generation sequencing). Our results indicate meta-population dynamics and possibly relationships with habitat quality. A generally low genetic diversity (Nei's index: 0.322–0.667) was observed within each colony, in contrast to significant genetic heterogeneity among colonies (pairwiseFST= 0.071–0.148), indicating that populations were genetically structured. Accordingly, an assignment test correctly placed individuals within the respective colonies from which they were sampled. The presence of inter-colony genetic differentiation contrasts with previous studies on this species that showed a lack of genetic structure, possibly due to higher juvenile or adult dispersal. Our sampled colonies were not panmictic and suggest a lower migration rate, which may reflect relatively stable environmental conditions in the Ross Sea compared to other regions of Antarctica, where the ocean climate is warming.
Surviving the Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown: a Case Study
Authors: Kargbo Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article Peter Kargbo describes the impact of the first national lockdown, due to Covid-19, on students using the Hartley Library at the University of Southampton. He describes some of the ways that library services responded and looks at some aspects concerning collection development. He begins his article by taking a brief look at life in the library for students prior to the arrival of the pandemic before describing the period that followed up to the end of the academic year in summer 2020.
How to Get the Most Out of a Legal Technology Proof of Value
Authors: White Eleanor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdoption of legal technology within law firms has seen a significant increase in recent years with the current necessity for seemingly indefinite remote working only adding to the need for technology solutions to keep legal workflows running. In light of this, legal technology purchases will undoubtedly see a further increase and a well conducted proof of value is crucial to making the right investment decision. This article is based on a talk given by Eleanor White at the BIALL Knowledge Management SIG in November 2018. It establishes the difference between a proof of concept and proof of value and elaborates on some key principles to consider during each phase of the latter. From the preparation and planning through to the running of the evaluation and the resulting decision-making process, this article addresses how to get the most out of the proof of value opportunity.
Quest for Data: Implementing an Enquiries Tracking System
Authors: Breslin Jas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping an enquiries tracking database can provide library services managers with data about how their services are being used and by whom. The software should to be configured to the requirements of the individual team in order to provide actionable data to help predict future needs and connect users with the right services. This article, written by Jas Breslin, follows one firm's journey to identify and roll-out a new research tracking system, Quest, under tight time constraints.
Covid-19: and the Impact on Print
Authors: Maher Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article Michael Maher writes about the declining print needs for law libraries within UK law firms in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The article begins by looking at the initial financial impact Covid-19 had across UK law firms. The second part of the article covers how home-working patterns have become the preferable option to working in the office. Finally, the author takes a change management approach, addressing what information professionals need to do to best manage and embed the change so as to continue to play a key part of the future, post-pandemic, law firm business.
A Low Signal Detection of X‐Rays From Uranus
Authors: Dunn W. R. , Ness J.‐U. , Lamy L. , Tremblay G. R. , Branduardi‐Raymont G. , Snios B. , Kraft R. P. , Yao Z. , Wibisono A. D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWithin the solar system, X‐ray emissions have been detected from every planet except the Ice Giants: Uranus and Neptune. We analyze the three archival Chandra X‐ray observations of Uranus (each 24–30 ks duration) to date: a stand‐alone Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observation on August 7, 2002 and two High Resolution Camera (HRC) observations on November 11 and 12, 2017 coordinated with optical observations. For the earlier ACIS observation, the Uranus‐coincident photons were clustered in the 0.6–1.1 keV spectral range, consistent with emission from Jupiter and Saturn. To test the significance of the detected signal, we distributed a grid of ∼10,000 Uranus‐sized regions across the field of view (FoV). The number of Uranus‐coincident X‐ray photons in the 0.5–1.2 keV range exceeded 99.9% of Uranus‐sized regions across the FoV (10.2 standard deviations > FoV mean; probability of chance occurrence ∼10−6–10−7). However, the planetary signal was low with only 5 ± 2.2 X‐ray photons against a FoV mean background of 0.16 photons. Without the possibility of energy filtering, the recent HRC observations had a much brighter background (FoV mean ∼10 photons). Consequently, neither of the new observations provided a second unambiguous Uranus detection, although a 40‐min interval of brightening on November 12, 2017 did produce a signal above 99.9% of the FoV. The observed Uranus X‐ray fluxes of 10−15–10−16 erg/cm2/s are consistent with previous observational limits and modeling predictions. These fluxes exceed expectations from scattered solar emission alone, suggesting either a larger X‐ray albedo than Jupiter/Saturn or the possibility of additional X‐ray production processes at Uranus. Further observations are needed to test this.
The Role of Wind Stress in Driving the Along‐Shelf Flow in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yang Jiayan , Chen Ke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe along‐shelf circulation in the Northwest Atlantic (NWA) Ocean is characterized by an equatorward flow from Greenland's south coast to Cape Hatters. The mean flow is considered to be primarily forced by freshwater discharges from rivers and glaciers while its variability is driven by both freshwater fluxes and wind stress. In this study, we hypothesize and test that the wind stress is important for the mean along‐shelf flow. A two‐layer model with realistic topography when forced by wind stress alone simulates a circulation system on the NWA shelves that is broadly consistent with that derived from observations, including an equatorward flow from Greenland coast to the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB). The along‐shelf sea‐level gradient is close to a previous estimate based on observations. The along‐shelf flows exhibit strong seasonal variations with along‐shelf transports being strong in fall/winter and weak in spring/summer, consistent with available observations. It is found that the NWA shelf circulation is affected by both wind‐driven gyres through their western boundary currents and wind‐stress forcing on the shelf especially along the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. The local wind stress forcing has more direct impacts on flows in shallower waters along the coast while the open‐ocean gyres tend to affect the circulations along the outer shelf. Our conclusion is that wind stress is an important forcing of the main along‐shelf flows in the NWA. One objective of this study is to motivate further examination of whether wind stress is as important as freshwater forcing for the mean flow.
Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements
Authors: Schuur Edward A.G. , Bracho Rosvel , Celis Gerardo , Belshe E. Fay , Ebert Chris , Ledman Justin , Mauritz Marguerite , Pegoraro Elaine F. , Plaza César , Rodenhizer Heidi , Romanovsky Vladimir , Schädel Christina , Schirokauer David , Taylor Meghan , Vogel Jason G. , Webb Elizabeth E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWarming of the Arctic can stimulate microbial decomposition and release of permafrost soil carbon (C) as greenhouse gases, and thus has the potential to influence climate change. At the same time, plant growth can be stimulated and offset C release. This study presents a 15‐year time series comprising chamber and eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem C exchange in a tundra ecosystem in Alaska where permafrost has been degrading due to regional warming. The site was a carbon dioxide source to the atmosphere with a cumulative total loss of 781.6 g C m−2 over the study period. Both gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were already likely higher than historical levels such that increases in Reco losses overwhelmed GPP gains in most years. This shift to a net C source to the atmosphere likely started in the early 1990s when permafrost was observed to warm and thaw at the site. Shifts in the plant community occur more slowly and are likely to constrain future GPP increases as compared to more rapid shifts in the microbial community that contribute to increased Reco. Observed rates suggest that cumulative net soil C loss of 4.18–10.00 kg C m−2—8%–20% of the current active layer soil C pool—could occur from 2020 to the end of the century. This amount of permafrost C loss to the atmosphere represents a significant accelerating feedback to climate change if it were to occur at a similar magnitude across the permafrost region.
A Systematic Investigation Into the Control of Roughness on the Flow Properties of 3D‐Printed Fractures
Authors: Phillips Tomos , Bultreys Tom , Bisdom Kevin , Kampman Niko , Van Offenwert Stefanie , Mascini Arjen , Cnudde Veerle , Busch Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous fracture aperture distribution, dictated by surface roughness, mechanical rock and fracture properties, and effective stress, limits the predictive capabilities of many reservoir‐scale models that commonly assume smooth fracture walls. Numerous experimental studies have probed key hydromechanical responses in single fractures; however, many are constrained by difficulties associated with sample preparation and quantitative roughness characterization. Here, we systematically examine the effect of roughness on fluid flow properties by 3D printing seven self‐affine fractures, each with controlled roughness distributions akin to those observed in nature. Photogrammetric microscopy was employed to validate the 3D topology of each printed fracture surface, enabling quantification using traditional roughness metrics, namely the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC). Core‐flooding experiments performed on each fracture across eight incremental confining pressure increases (11–25 bar), shows smoother fractures (JRC < 5.5) exhibit minor permeability variation, whilst rougher fractures (JRC > 7) show as much as a 219% permeability increase. Micro‐computed tomography imaging of the roughest fracture under varying effective stresses (5–13.8 bar), coupled with inspection into the degree of similarity between fracture closure behavior in 3D‐printed and natural rock fractures, highlight the capabilities of 3D‐printed materials to act as useful analogs to natural rocks. Comparison of experimental data to existing empirical aperture‐permeability models demonstrates that fracture contact area is a better permeability predictor than roughness when the mechanical aperture is below ∼20 μm. Such findings are relevant for models incorporating the effects of heterogeneous aperture structures and applied stress to predict fracture flow in the deep subsurface.
Impact of Background Geostrophic Currents With Vorticity on Resonant Triad Interaction Over Mid‐Ocean Ridges
Authors: Wang Shuya , Cao Anzhou , Liang Xinfeng , Chen Xu , Meng Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTurbulent mixing driven by internal tides (ITs) in the ocean is essential for the maintenance of large‐scale circulation. The resonant triad interaction (RTI) is an important mechanism by which ITs are dissipated. Based on a series of numerical simulations, we show that background geostrophic currents (BGCs) with nonzero vertical relative vorticity significantly impact the RTI by changing the effective Coriolis frequency. BGCs with negative vorticity (Northern Hemisphere) broaden the frequency range of internal waves so as to engender subharmonic waves at frequencies lower than the local Coriolis frequency near the topography. In addition, subharmonic waves at frequencies that are approximately half the tidal frequency are generated along the IT beams in the presence of BGCs with strong negative vorticity. Those subharmonic waves have larger vertical wavenumbers and hence smaller scales. In contrast, BGCs with positive vorticity (Northern Hemisphere) narrow the frequency range of internal waves and lead to the generation of energetic subharmonic beams. Intense RTI occurs when the effective Coriolis frequency is basically equal to half the tidal frequency, with powerful subharmonic waves detected at half the tidal frequency. Furthermore, in the presence of BGCs with vorticity, energy dissipation is significantly enhanced. Therefore, the development of parameterization of IT‐driven mixing should consider the important role of BGCs in modulating RTI.