bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible burden of hyperuricaemia on mortality in a community-based population: a large-scale cohort study
Authors: Otaki Yoichiro , Konta Tsuneo , Ichikawa Kazunobu , Fujimoto Shouichi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Moriyama Toshiki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Narita Ichiei , Kondo Masahide , Shibagaki Yugo , Kasahara Masato , Asahi Koichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHyperuricaemia is a risk for premature death. This study evaluated the burden of hyperuricaemia (serum urate > 7 mg/dL) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 515,979 health checkup participants using an index of population attributable fraction (PAF). Prevalence of hyperuricaemia at baseline was 10.8% in total subjects (21.8% for men and 2.5% for women). During 9-year follow-up, 5952 deaths were noted, including 1164 cardiovascular deaths. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for confounding factors, hyperuricaemia was independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval]; 1.36 [1.25–1.49] and 1.69 [1.41–2.01], respectively). Adjusted PAFs of hyperuricaemia for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 2.9% and 4.4% (approximately 1 in 34 all-cause deaths and 1 in 23 cardiovascular deaths), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the association between hyperuricaemia and death was stronger in men, smokers, and subjects with renal insufficiency. Adjusted PAFs for all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 5.3% and 8.1% in men; 5.8% and 7.5% in smokers; and 5.5% and 7.3% in subjects with renal insufficiency. These results disclosed that a substantial number of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were statistically relevant to hyperuricaemia in the community-based population, especially men, smokers, and subjects with renal insufficiency.
Pupal cannibalism by worker honey bees contributes to the spread of deformed wing virus
Authors: Posada-Florez Francisco , Lamas Zachary S. , Hawthorne David J. , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D. , Ryabov Eugene V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransmission routes impact pathogen virulence and genetics, therefore comprehensive knowledge of these routes and their contribution to pathogen circulation is essential for understanding host–pathogen interactions and designing control strategies. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a principal viral pathogen of honey bees associated with increased honey bee mortality and colony losses, became highly virulent with the spread of its vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Reproduction of Varroa mites occurs in capped brood cells and mite-infested pupae from these cells usually have high levels of DWV. The removal of mite-infested pupae by worker bees, Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH), leads to cannibalization of pupae with high DWV loads, thereby offering an alternative route for virus transmission. We used genetically tagged DWV to investigate virus transmission to and between worker bees following pupal cannibalisation under experimental conditions. We demonstrated that cannibalization of DWV-infected pupae resulted in high levels of this virus in worker bees and that the acquired virus was then transmitted between bees via trophallaxis, allowing circulation of Varroa-vectored DWV variants without the mites. Despite the known benefits of hygienic behaviour, it is possible that higher levels of VSH activity may result in increased transmission of DWV via cannibalism and trophallaxis.
Infrared characterization of the products and the rate coefficient of the reaction between Criegee intermediate CH2OO and HCl
Authors: Liang Wei-Che , Luo Pei-Ling , Lee Yuan-Pern 
Published: April 2021

Infrared spectrum of chloromethyl hydroperoxide, the reaction product of Criegee intermediate CH2OO with HCl, was obtained. Secondary products CHClO and H2O were also observed. The rate coefficient was determined to be 4.8 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
Icelandic Children's Acquisition of Consonants and Consonant Clusters
Authors: Másdóttir Thora , McLeod Sharynne , Crowe Kathryn 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This study investigated Icelandic-speaking children's acquisition of singleton consonants and consonant clusters.

Method
Participants were 437 typically developing children aged 2;6–7;11 (years;months) acquiring Icelandic as their first language. Single-word speech samples of the 47 single consonants and 45 consonant clusters were collected using Málhljóðapróf ÞM (ÞM's Test of Speech Sound Disorders).

Results

Percentage of consonants correct for children aged 2;6–2;11 was 73.12 (
SD
= 13.33) and increased to 98.55 (
SD
= 3.24) for children aged 7;0–7;11. Overall, singleton consonants were more likely to be accurate than consonant clusters. The earliest consonants to be acquired were /m, n, p, t, j, h/ in word-initial position and /f, l/ within words. The last consonants to be acquired were /x, r, r̥, s, θ, n̥/, and consonant clusters in word-initial /sv-, stl-, str-, skr-, θr-/, within-word /-ðr-, -tl-/, and word-final /-kl̥, -xt/ contexts. Within-word phonemes were more often accurate than those in word-initial position, with word-final position the least accurate. Accuracy of production was significantly related to increasing age, but not sex.

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive study of consonants and consonant cluster acquisition by typically developing Icelandic-speaking children. The findings align with trends for other Germanic languages; however, there are notable language-specific differences of clinical importance.
“Everyone Deserves AAC”: Preliminary Study of the Experiences of Speaking Autistic Adults Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Donaldson Amy L. , corbin endever* , McCoy Jamie 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Autistic adults use a variety of communication methods, including both speech and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); however, there has been limited, if any, academic research in this area. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of speaking autistic adults who use AAC.

Method
Using a participatory research method, we completed an online survey that included five demographic questions and 29 open-ended questions related to communication choice, communication access, attitudes, and recommendations. Six autistic adults who use AAC participated. The data were analyzed with thematic analysis using an inductive approach at the semantic level.

Results
Participants reported identifying AAC as a communication choice as adults, after using speech during childhood. They described how forced communication choices have greatly impacted their lives, both historically and today, and reported on the successes they experience when communication autonomy is promoted within a supportive environment. Participants further described what impacts their in-the-moment decision making related to use of different communication methods. Finally, they discussed the importance of normalizing AAC use and disability in general and provided recommendations for other AAC users, families, and professionals.

Conclusions
Historically, AAC intervention was considered a “last resort” for children who did not develop functional speech. Speaking autistic adults encourage families, professionals, and society to promote and accept all communication as equal—ensuring opportunities for all children to develop full and rich communication without delay and without stigma.
The development of simulator testing for total knee replacements
Authors: Maag Chase , Metcalfe Amber , Cracaoanu Ioan , Wise Casey , Auger Daniel D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProfessor Duncan Dowson was a pioneer in the field of tribology and simulator design. His work sparked many branches of research across orthopaedics. The first knee simulator described by Dowson was intended to measure the wear performance of early total knee replacements (TKRs). The industry has since advanced to achieve simulator designs with significant improvements including multi‐station, multi‐axis, multi‐control, and multi‐environmental capabilities. These simulators are used to test and compare not only wear, but also the kinematic/kinetic behaviour of TKRs and many other TKR design interactions prior to implantation. This has led to changes to the design of TKRs ranging from improvements to the tibial insert to the femoral component; all, in some way, thanks to Professor Duncan Dowson's inquisitive nature. This article provides a selective review to show the interdependencies of research and development endeavours starting with the evolution of knee simulators, the many advances in TKRs and finally the interconnection with cadaveric motion simulators.
Several rough set models in quotient space
Authors: Zhao Huanmin , Ma Liwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to deal with coarse‐grained and multi‐grained calculation problems, as well as granularity transformation problems in information system, quotient space theory is introduced in rough set theory. The main idea of this research is to try to maintain the important properties of the original space into the quotient space. Aimed to preserve the micro properties and the macro properties, two pairs of approximation operators on the quotient space are defined. When it comes to the composite of quotient spaces, the idea of these operators shows greater advantages. Examples are cited to illustrate possible applications of these operators, and their matrix representations are also given to make the calculations easy. Finally, all approximation operators on the quotient space involved so far are compared and their relationships are shown through a diagram.
Planning and operation of EV charging stations by chicken swarm optimization driven heuristics
Authors: Sachan Sulabh , Deb Sanchari , Singh Sri Niwas , Singh Pravin Prakash , Sharma Desh Deepak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSuccessful deployment of electric vehicles demands for establishment of simple reachable charging stations (CSs). Scheduling and action of CSs is a composite problem and that should not affect the smooth operation of the power grid. The present paper attempts to solve the planning and operation of CSs by a novel chicken swarm optimization‐based heuristics. The placement of CS is modelled in a multi‐objective framework as cost‐effective parameters secures the operation of the power grid. Further, the operation of CSs is examined for three scenarios such as uncoordinated charging, coordinated charging, as well as bidirectional vehicle to grid. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 33‐bus, and on a distribution network of Guwahati, India.
Influence of N2 pressure on surface discharge characteristics of PEEK under positive repetitive square voltage
Authors: Li Ye , Li Xuebao , Meng Wei , Zhao Zhibin , Cui Xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPEEK (polyetheretherketone) and N2 are used in the packaging of high‐voltage power electronics as the frame material and insulation gas, respectively. The surface discharge behaviours of PEEK in N2 under positive repetitive square voltage are the main concerns for the packaging insulation design. However, the influence of N2 pressure on discharge characteristics and mechanisms has not been investigated. Herein, the optical images of streamer propagation and surface discharge current pulses of PEEK in N2 with different pressures are obtained under positive repetitive square voltage. The effects of different N2 pressures on the surface discharge initial voltage (SDIV), pulse parameters of discharge current, time lag of discharge and streamer propagation length are analysed in detail. The effects of N2 pressure on the memory effects of residual charges during surface discharge, effective ionisation rate and electron desorption rate are revealed. Furthermore, the time lag theory is used to analyse the influence of N2 pressure on the time lag of forward and backward discharge. The effects of N2 pressure on pulse parameters of discharge current, surface discharge initial voltage and streamer propagation length are also explained on the basis of the process of surface charges accumulation under different N2 pressures. The presented results can provide guidance for the packaging of press pack IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and reveal the surface discharge mechanism with different N2 pressures under positive repetitive square voltage.
First‐mode of negative streamers: Inception at liquid/solid interfaces
Authors: Ariza David , Beroual Abderrahmane , Methling Ralf , Gortschakow Sergey , Chamorro Harold R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn experimental study of the inception of the first‐mode negative streamer at liquid/solid interfaces is presented in this article. The study is performed with a point‐plane configuration under square high voltage pulses. The electrode configuration is immersed in mineral oil and the liquid/solid interface is assembled in contact with the point electrode or in its vicinity. Four polymers and two impregnated papers have been tested as solids of the liquid/solid interface. Thus, it is possible to compare the influence of different parameter of the solid and the interface on the streamer inception. For example: Permittivity, solid surface roughness, chemical composition, etc. It has been observed that streamer inception voltages at interfaces with solids of higher permittivity to that of the mineral oil are statistically similar. Additionally, streamer inception voltages of streamer initiated free in the oil (no liquid/solid interface) are similar to that of the inception voltage of cases with solids with high permittivity. In contrast, the inception voltage of streamers initiated at permittivity matched interfaces are shown to be highest of the cases. The streamer inception voltage is also studied for different distances between the liquid/solid interface and the point electrode with a permittivity matched interface. The results show a dependency of the inception voltage and the distance between the point electrode and the interface. Finally, an analysis of the observation is performed to show that the Townsend‐Meek criterion cannot predict the obtained results.
Experimental validation of direction of arrival estimation for high chirp‐rate linear frequency modulated radar signals
Authors: Mulinde Ronald , Attygalle Manik , Aziz Syed Mahfuzul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDirection of arrival (DOA) estimation for signals with large time‐bandwidth products is very important in modern communication and radar systems. Traditional narrowband DOA estimation algorithms are not accurate for such wideband signals. Further complexities arise with non‐stationary signals, for example, high chirp‐rate linear frequency modulated (LFM). These complexities imply that achieving real‐time performance with good DOA estimation accuracy is a challenge. This article uses experimentally acquired data on high chirp‐rate LFM signals to validate a channelised version of MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) for DOA estimation. This technique eliminates pre‐processing and incoherently combines spatial pseudospectra from individual frequency channels to obtain a single accurate estimate and has much less computational complexity compared to coherent techniques. LFM signals of up to 500 MHz bandwidth and chirp rates of up to 50 MHz/μs have been used in the investigations and results show accurate DOA estimation at low SNR (0 dB). This technique is suitable for even wider operational bandwidths and low latency implementations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time DOA estimation for such high chirp‐rate LFM signals has been validated using real experimental data which is also corroborated with validation using synthetic data.
Research on main‐lobe deceptive jamming against FDA‐MIMO radar
Authors: Zhao Yingjian , Tian Bo , Wang Chunyang , Gong Jian , Tan Ming , Zhou Changlin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with frequency diverse array (FDA) produces a range‐angle‐dependent steering vector, which can suppress the deceptive jamming in joint range‐angle domain. This in turn complicates the task of radar jamming. With the emergence and development of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), radar electronic jamming technique has entered the age of coherent jamming. Based on the analysis of the superiority of the FDA‐MIMO radar in cancelling the deceptive jammers, a novel range gate pull‐off method via DRFM against FDA‐MIMO radar is proposed. Compared with the traditional deceptive jamming methods, the proposed method cannot be suppressed due to the mismatch in range. In particular, even the anti‐jamming methods based on power domain cease to be effective. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in jamming the tracking performance of the FDA‐MIMO radar is demonstrated via computer simulations.
Joint design of transmit beamspace and reduced‐dimension receiver filter for MIMO radar STAP
Authors: Pang Xiaojiao , Zhao Yongbo , Cao Chenghu , Chen Sheng , Hu Yili 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problem of the transmit beamspace (TB) matrix design in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar is considered. To reduce the computational burden and to focus the energy within optimal spatial sector, a joint design method of the TB matrix and a reduced‐dimension space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) filter is proposed based on the maximum signal‐to‐clutter‐plus‐noise ratio (SCNR). Firstly, the signal model of the reduced‐dimension STAP for TB‐based MIMO radar is established. Then, using the maximum SCNR as the design metric, the joint design model of the TB matrix and the reduced‐dimension STAP filter is presented. Furthermore, the cyclic optimisation method is exploited to deal with the non‐convex joint design problem with the energy constraint. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate the joint design method of the TB matrix and the STAP filter not only has better output SCNR performance but also owns lower computational burden when compared with the other existing methods.
Fault detection approach applied to inertial navigation system/air data system integrated navigation system with time‐offset
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Cheng Yongmei , Wang Huibin , Wang Huaxia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe false alarm of a fault detection module in aircraft will interfere with flight. If there is a time‐offset between the inertial navigation system (INS) and air data system (ADS), the probability of a false alarm (PFA) of the fault detection module will increase, which is ignored in existing approaches. To address the problem, a fault detection approach is proposed applied to INS/ADS with a time‐offset. An INS/ADS fault detection model based on kinematic equations is developed, and we combine an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with Runge‐Kutta to deal with the non‐linear and discretisation problem. A time‐offset estimator is designed and the observability of time‐offset is analysed, showing that time‐offset is observable only in the manoeuvre phase. A fault detection architecture applied to INS/ADS with a time‐offset is designed, which solves the problem of the high PFA of INS/ADS fault detection under a time‐offset. Simulation results show that under multiple time‐offset scenarios, the root mean square error of the proposed approach can reach 0.0134 s minimally, and after time alignment, the PFA of the fault detection can be reduced to 1.8%.
Influence of green’s coconut fibers in the unsaturated behavior of compacted clayey soil
Authors: de Gusmão Luciana Regina Cajaseiras , Jucá José Fernando Thomé 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The green coconut’s shell is considered to be waste while it represents most of its volume and weight. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of the addition of 1% (by weight) of green coconut’s (Cocos nucifera) fibers in the unsaturated behavior of compacted mixtures of clayey soil, with fibers randomly distributed in the soil matrix. Both the pure soil and the mixture were submitted to filter paper tests according to Chandler and Gutierrez (1986) and Marinho (1994), in order to obtain their characteristic curves and verify their differences, using the relation suction-humidity proposed by Chandler, Crilly and Montgomery-Smith (1992) and van Genuchten’s (1980) adjustment method, which was also used to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and relative permeability to air and water as functions of the degree of saturation. The results revealed that the addition of fibers provided greater water percolation in the drying path, and greater air flow during wetting. This behavior is a reflection of the greater retention capacity provided by the fibers, which promotes a more gradual change in the degree of saturation, in relation to the ‘pure soil’, which is a very interesting characteristic for applications subject to large variations in humidity.
Hochsensitive kardiale Troponine zur Diagnose des akuten Koronarsyndroms ohne ST-Hebung
Authors: Rubini Gimenez Maria , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Twerenbold Raphael , Müller Christian Eugen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose des akuten Koronarsyndroms basiert im Wesentlichen auf 3 Säulen: der klinischen Präsentation, dem 12-Kanal-Elektrokardiogramm und der seriellen Messung von Biomarkern zur Quantifizierung einer Myokardschädigung. Durch die Entwicklung von hochsensitiven kardialen Troponin-Assays (hs-cTn) mit verbesserter analytischer Sensitivität konnte die Zeit nach Eintreten einer Myokardschädigung bis zu deren Nachweis durch im Blut zirkulierendes Troponin relevant verkürzt werden. Somit können einerseits Myokardinfarkte frühzeitig erkannt werden und es erlaubt andererseits auch die Detektion kleinerer Infarkte, die bisher unentdeckt blieben. Aufgrund der hohen Sensitivität kann bei Patienten mit sehr niedrigen hs-cTn-Konzentrationen frühzeitig ein akuter Myokardinfarkt ausgeschlossen werden bzw. nach anderen Differenzialdiagnosen gesucht werden. Patienten mit deutlich erhöhten hs-cTn-Konzentrationen können rascher identifiziert werden und einer unmittelbaren invasiven
Abklärung und Aufnahme auf eine Überwachungsstation zugeführt werden. Die im August 2020 neu publizierten europäischen Richtlinien für die Diagnose von akuten Myokardinfarkten ohne ST-Hebung empfehlen die Anwendung von diagnostischen Algorithmen basierend auf seriellen hs-cTn-Messungen nach 1 oder 2 (3) Stunden für eine sichere und schnelle Diagnosestellung. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die aktuellen Richtlinienempfehlungen im Hinblick auf die Anwendung von hs-cTn in der Früherkennung des akuten Koronarsyndroms geben.
Alinhamento dinâmico do joelho e equilíbrio pélvico: Comparação entre os sexos em atletas de futebol de base
Authors: Silva Flaviano Moreira da , Canêz Denis Bordoni , Madeira Andressa Rodeghiero , Ferreira Gustavo Dias 
Published: April 2021

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar o alinhamento do joelho no plano frontal e o equilíbrio pélvico durante a descida de um degrau comparando atletas de futebol feminino e masculino.Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com atletas de futebol das categorias sub-15 e sub-17, de ambos os sexos, de um clube profissional do Sul do Brasil. Foi realizado o teste de descida de um degrau, o qual foi filmado por uma câmera de vídeo, e, em sua avaliação, traçaram-se as medidas angulares durante o movimento por meio do software Kinovea (código aberto), versão 0.8.24.Resultados A amostra foi composta por 38 indivíduos, 19 do sexo masculino e 19 do sexo feminino. As atletas do sexo feminino apresentaram maior ângulo em varo (9,42° ± 1,65°) quando comparadas com os atletas masculinos (3,91° ± 2,0°; p = 0,04). Não houve diferença em relação à queda unilateral da pelve (drop pélvico) entre os grupos, e a associação entre o drop pélvico do quadril e o ângulo de projeção no plano frontal do joelho foi fraca em ambos os sexos.Conclusão Apesar de ambos os sexos terem apresentado queda pélvica, as atletas de base do sexo feminino apresentaram maior angulação do joelho em varo no teste de descida do degrau, e necessitam maior atenção para minimizar o risco de lesão.