bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of government measures during the first wave of the outbreak
Authors: Ratto María Celeste , Cabrera Juan Manuel , Zacharías Daniela , Azerrat Juan Martín 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Covid‐19 pandemic changed the humanity life. Millions of deaths and infections that spread rapidly around the world made all countries take measures to stop the outbreaks and assume the enormous consequences that the Coronavirus is leaving behind. The challenge has been enormous; governments across the world have implemented a wide span of nonpharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the Coronavirus pandemic (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its consequences in economic terms. The aim of this article is to analyze the effects that different kinds of measures taken by Latin American governments had on the daily new infections. The countries analyzed were Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Peru, Paraguay, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela.MethodsA time series cross‐section analysis was performed, which allows studying the evolution of the number of daily cases over time and by country. The timeframe of this study was from the day the first case of coronavirus was registered in a country, until September 14, 2020. We used data from Covid‐19 Dashboard database of Johns Hopkins University and the Oxford Covid‐19 Government Response Tracker data set.ResultsThe Stringency Index did not have a significant influence at the beginning of the pandemic but turned out to be significant and inversely related to DNI during Phases 2 and 3. On the contrary, the Economic and the Sanitary Containment Index was not statistically significant for any of the phases. Furthermore, the level of wealthfare of a country, measured from its GDP per capita, exerts a substantive conditional influence on the management of the Covid‐19 crisis.ConclusionsThe scenarios have been changing and strategies had to change as well in order to be successful because they lose effectiveness and have increased social costs with time. Therefore, understanding the relative effectiveness of such measures had on the disease spreading during the first wave of the outbreak, could help governments to make more informed decisions about how to control future outbreaks of the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Trust, corruption, and compliance with regulations: Attitudes to rule violations in theGreat Limpopo Transfrontier Park
Authors: Jagers Sverker C. , Sjöstedt Martin , Sundström Aksel , Linell Amanda , Ntuli Herbert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhile trust is proposed as a key concept to understand people's compliance in natural resource governance, research would benefit from being more precise. Our aim is to test whether more specific survey measures of people's tendency to violate rules and the degree to which law enforcing rangers are seen as corrupt trumps more commonly used items on intra‐personal trust and trust in institutions.MethodsWe analyze an original survey of residents within the boundaries of the Great Limpopo Park, straddling Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.ResultsWhile general trust items predict compliance intentions in a first model, these effects largely disappear when we introduce more specific measures. We find consistent negative effects from perceived corruption among rangers. We also report negative effects from perceptions of other people's noncompliant behavior.ConclusionCompliance to natural resource regulations hinges on specific perceptions of how rule enforcing agents and other resource users act.
River sinuosity describes a continuum between randomness and ordered growth
Authors: Limaye Ajay B. , Lazarus Eli D. , Li Yuan , Schwenk Jon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRiver channels are among the most common landscape features on Earth. An essential characteristic of channels is sinuosity: their tendency to take a circuitous path, which is quantified as along-stream length divided by straight-line length. River sinuosity is interpreted as a characteristic that either forms randomly at channel inception or develops over time as meander bends migrate. Studies tend to assume the latter and thus have used river sinuosity as a proxy for both modern and ancient environmental factors including climate, tectonics, vegetation, and geologic structure. But no quantitative criterion for planform expression has distinguished between random, initial sinuosity and that developed by ordered growth through channel migration. This ambiguity calls into question the utility of river sinuosity for understanding Earth's history. We propose a quantitative framework to reconcile these competing explanations for river sinuosity. Using a coupled analysis of modeled and natural channels, we show that while a majority of observed sinuosity is consistent with randomness and limited channel migration, rivers with sinuosity ≥1.5 likely formed their geometry through sustained, ordered growth due to channel migration. This criterion frames a null hypothesis for river sinuosity that can be applied to evaluate the significance of environmental interpretations in landscapes shaped by rivers. The quantitative link between sinuosity and channel migration further informs strategies for preservation and restoration of riparian habitat and guides predictions of fluvial deposits in the rock record and in remotely sensed environments from the seafloor to planetary surfaces.
Critical care service delivery across healthcare systems in low-income and low-middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Lim Andrew George , Kivlehan Sean , Losonczy Lia Ilona , Murthy Srinivas , Dippenaar Enrico , Lowsby Richard , Yang Marc Li Chuan L C , Jaung Michael S , Stephens P Andrew , Benzoni Nicole , Sefa Nana , Bartlett Emily Suzanne , Chaffay Brandon Alexander , Haridasa Naeha , Velasco Bernadett Pua , Yi Sojung , Contag Caitlin A , Rashed Amir Lotfy , McCarville Patrick , Sonenthal Paul D , Shukur Nebiyu , Bellou Abdelouahab , Mickman Carl , Ghatak-Roy Adhiti , Ferreira Allison , Adhikari Neill KJ , Reynolds Teri 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionCritical care in low-income and low-middle income countries (LLMICs) is an underdeveloped component of the healthcare system. Given the increasing growth in demand for critical care services in LLMICs, understanding the current capacity to provide critical care is imperative to inform policy on service expansion. Thus, our aim is to describe the provision of critical care in LLMICs with respect to patients, providers, location of care and services and interventions delivered.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE for full-text original research articles available in English describing critical care services that specify the location of service delivery and describe patients and interventions. We will restrict our review to populations from LLMICs (using 2016 World Bank classifications) and published from 1 January 2008 to 1 January 2020. Two-reviewer agreement will be required for both title/abstract and full text review stages, and rate of agreement will be calculated for each stage. We will extract data regarding the location of critical care service delivery, the training of the healthcare professionals providing services, and the illnesses treated according to classification by the WHO Universal Health Coverage Compendium.Ethics and disseminationReviewed and exempted by the Stanford University Office for Human Subjects Research and IRB on 20 May 2020. The results of this review will be disseminated through scholarly publication and presentation at regional and international conferences. This review is designed to inform broader WHO, International Federation for Emergency Medicine and partner efforts to strengthen critical care globally.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019146802.
Mental health and other factors associated with work productivity after injury in the UK: multicentre cohort study
Authors: Kellezi Blerina , Dhiman Paula , Coupland Carol , Whitehead Joanne , Morriss Richard , Joseph Stephen , Beckett Kate , Sleney Jude , Barnes Jo , Kendrick Denise 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMental health conditions are a major contributor to productivity loss and are common after injury. This study quantifies postinjury productivity loss and its association with preinjury and postinjury mental health, injury, demographic, health, social and other factors.MethodsMulticentre, longitudinal study recruiting hospitalised employed individuals aged 16–69 years with unintentional injuries, followed up at 1, 2, 4 and 12 months. Participants completed questionnaires on injury, demographic factors, health (including mental health), social factors, other factors and on-the-job productivity upon return to work (RTW). ORs were estimated for above median productivity loss using random effects logistic regression.Results217 adults had made an RTW at 2, 4 or 12 months after injury: 29% at 2 months, 66% at 4 months and 83% at 12 months. Productivity loss reduced over time: 3.3% of working time at 2 months, 1.7% at 4 months, 1% at 12 months. Significantly higher productivity loss was associated with preinjury psychiatric conditions (OR 21.40, 95% CI 3.50 to 130.78) and post-traumatic stress avoidance symptoms at 1 month (OR for 1-unit increase in score 1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22). Significantly lower productivity loss was associated with male gender (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.74), upper and lower limb injuries (vs other body regions, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.81) and sports injuries (vs home, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.78). Preinjury psychiatric conditions and gender remained significant in analysis of multiply imputed data.ConclusionsUnintentional injury results in substantial productivity loss. Females, those with preinjury psychiatric conditions and those with post-traumatic stress avoidance symptoms experience greater productivity loss and may require additional support to enable successful RTW.
Dual PD-L1 and TGF-b blockade in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Robbins Yvette , Friedman Jay , Clavijo Paul E , Sievers Cem , Bai Ke , Donahue Renee N , Schlom Jeffrey , Sinkoe Andrew , Abdul Sater Houssein , Gulley James L , Norberg Scott , Hinrichs Christian S , Allen Clint 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a human papillomavirus (HPV) driven neoplastic disorder of the upper aerodigestive tract that causes significant morbidity and can lead to fatal airway obstruction. Prior clinical study demonstrated clinical benefit with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody avelumab. Bintrafusp alfa is a bifunctional inhibitor of PD-L1 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) that has shown clinical activity in several cancer types.MethodsWe conducted a phase II clinical trial evaluating bintrafusp alfa in adults with RRP. Papilloma samples before and after treatment with bintrafusp alfa were assessed for correlates of response with multiplex immunofluorescence as well as immunological and genomic analyses. Post hoc analyses of papilloma samples before and after treatment with avelumab were assessed for comparison.ResultsDual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition failed to abrogate papilloma growth in most subjects and increased the frequency of clinically indicated interventions after treatment in four of eight subjects based on each subject’s own historical control. TGF-b neutralization consistently decreased pSMAD3 and p21 and increased Ki67 expression within the basal layers of papillomas, indicating that TGF-b restrained proliferation. These alterations were not observed in papillomas treated with PD-L1 blockade alone. Dual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition did not enhance anti-HPV immunity within papillomas beyond that observed with PD-L1 blockade. Genomic alterations in TGF-b superfamily genes were infrequent in papillomas and normal mucosa but present in a significant fraction of head and neck carcinomas.ConclusionsIntact TGF-b signaling restrains proliferation within papillomas, and the use of clinical agents that abrogate this pathway should be avoided in patients with RRP.Trial registration numbersNCT03707587andNCT02859454.
Evaluation of SLE arthritis using frequency domain optical imaging
Authors: Marone Alessandro , Tang Wei , Kim Youngwan , Chen Tommy , Danias George , Guo Cathy , Gartshteyn Yevgeniya , Khalili Leila , Kim Hyun , Hielscher Andreas , Askanase Anca D 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects the joints in up to 95% of patients. The diagnosis and evaluation of SLE arthritis remain challenging in both practice and clinical trials. Frequency domain optical imaging (FDOI) has been previously used to assess joint involvement in inflammatory arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate FDOI in SLE arthritis.MethodsNinety-six proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints from 16 patients with SLE arthritis and 60 PIP joints from 10 age-matched, gender-matched and race/ethnicity-matched controls were examined. A laser beam with a wavelength of 670 nm, 1 mm in diameter and intensity modulated at 300 MHz and 600 MHz was directed onto the dorsal surface of each joint, scanning across a sagittal plane. The transmitted light intensities and phase shifts were measured with an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The data were analysed using Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine algorithms.ResultsThe amplitude and phase of the transmitted light were significantly different between SLE and control PIPs (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of cross-validated models showed an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC)of 0.89 with corresponding sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 79%, and accuracy of 80%.ConclusionThis study is the first evaluation of optical methods in the assessment of SLE arthritis; there was a statistically significant difference in the FDOI signals between patients with SLE and healthy volunteers. The results show that FDOI may have the potential to provide an objective, user-independent, evaluation of SLE PIP joints arthritis.
Risks of COVID-19 by occupation in NHS workers in England
Authors: van der Plaat Diana A , Madan Ira , Coggon David , van Tongeren Martie , Edge Rhiannon , Muiry Rupert , Parsons Vaughan , Cullinan Paul 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify occupational risks of COVID-19 among healthcare staff during the first wave (9 March 2020–31 July 2020) of the pandemic in England.MethodsWe used pseudonymised data on 902 813 individuals employed by 191 National Health Service trusts to explore demographic and occupational risk factors for sickness absence ascribed to COVID-19 (n=92 880). We estimated ORs by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsWith adjustment for employing trust, demographic characteristics and previous frequency of sickness absence, risk relative to administrative/clerical occupations was highest in ‘additional clinical services’ (care assistants and other occupations directly supporting those in clinical roles) (OR 2.31 (2.25 to 2.37)), registered nursing and midwifery professionals (OR 2.28 (2.23 to 2.34)) and allied health professionals (OR 1.94 (1.88 to 2.01)) and intermediate in doctors and dentists (OR 1.55 (1.50 to 1.61)). Differences in risk were higher after the employing trust had started to care for documented patients with COVID-19, and were reduced, but not eliminated, following additional adjustment for exposure to infected patients or materials, assessed by a job-exposure matrix. For prolonged COVID-19 sickness absence (episodes lasting >14 days), the variation in risk by staff group was somewhat greater.ConclusionsAfter allowance for possible bias and confounding by non-occupational exposures, we estimated that relative risks for COVID-19 among most patient-facing occupations were between 1.5 and 2.5. The highest risks were in those working in additional clinical services, nursing and midwifery and in allied health professions. Better protective measures for these staff groups should be a priority. COVID-19 may meet criteria for compensation as an occupational disease in some healthcare occupations.Trial registration numberISRCTN36352994.
Bariatric surgery and total knee/hip arthroplasty: an analysis of the impact of sequence and timing on outcomes
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Zhong Haoyan , Poeran Jashvant , Sculco Peter K , Kim David H , Memtsoudis Stavros G 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPatients with morbid obesity may require both bariatric surgery and total knee/hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). How to sequence these two procedures with better outcomes remains largely unstudied.MethodsThis cohort study extracted claims data on patients with an obesity diagnosis that received both bariatric surgery and TKA/THA surgery within 5 years of each other (Premier Healthcare database 2006–2019). Overall, 1894 patients received bariatric surgery before TKA or THA, while 1000 patients underwent TKA or THA before bariatric surgery. Main outcomes and measures include major complications (acute renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, other cardiovascular complications, sepsis/septic shock, pulmonary complications, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and central nervous system-related adverse events), postoperative intensive care unit utilization, ventilator utilization, 30-day readmission, 90-day readmission, 180-day readmission and total hospital length of stay after the second surgery. Regression models measured the association between the complications and sequence of TKA/THA and bariatric surgery.ResultsUndergoing TKA/THA before bariatric surgery (compared with the reverse) was associated with higher odds of major complications (7.0% vs 1.9%; adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI 3.1, 7.6, p<0.001). Similar patterns were also observed for intensive care unit admission, ventilator use postoperatively, 30-day, and 90-day readmissions. Patients who received a second surgery within 6 months of their first surgery exhibited worse outcomes, especially among the TKA/THA first patient cohort. Major complication incidences occurred at 20.5%, 12.5%, 5.1%, 5.0%, 5.8% and 8.5% with time between TKA/THA and bariatric surgery at <6 months, 6 months–1 year, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4 and 4–5 years, respectively.ConclusionsPatients who require both bariatric surgery and TKA/THA should consider bariatric surgery before TKA/THA as it is associated with improved outcomes. Procedures should be staged beyond 6 months.
Oxythermal habitat as a primary driver of ecological niche and genetic diversity in cisco (Coregonus artedi)
Authors: Grow Ryan C. , Zimmer Kyle D. , Cruise Jennifer L. , Emms Simon K. , Miller Loren M. , Herwig Brian R. , Staples David F. , Tipp Angela R. , Gerdes Greta M. , Jacobson Peter C. 
Published: August 2021

Cisco (Coregonus artedi) are threatened by climate change and lake eutrophication, and their oxythermal habitat can be assessed with TDO3, the water temperature at which dissolved oxygen equals 3 mg·L−1. We assessed the influence of TDO3 on cisco habitat use, genetic diversity, diets, and isotopic niche in 32 lakes ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic. Results showed that as TDO3 increased, cisco were captured higher in the water column, in a narrower band, with higher minimum temperatures and lower minimum dissolved oxygen. TDO3 was also negatively related to cisco allelic richness and expected heterozygosity, likely driven by summer kill events. Moreover, TDO3 influenced the isotopic niche of cisco, as fish captured deeper were more depleted in δ13C and more enriched in δ15N compared to epilimnetic baselines. Lastly, cisco in high TDO3 lakes consumed more Daphnia, had fewer empty stomachs, and achieved larger body size. Our work identifies specific characteristics of cisco populations that respond to climate change and eutrophication effects and provides a framework for understanding responses of other cold-water species at the global scale.
Research on the Evolution Mechanism of Congestion in the Entrances and Exits of Parking Facilities Based on the Improved Spatial Autoregressive Model
Authors: Yu Hongru , Deng Shejun , Lu Caoye , Tang Yucheng , Yu Shijun , Liu Lu , Ji Tao 
Published: August 2021

The entrance and exit area of parking facilities has the characteristics of high concentration of urban traffic and prominent traffic intertwining phenomenon, which easily induces rapid congestion of mixed heterogeneous traffic at specific times and local locations and quickly spreads to the entire road section or even a larger area. In order to better understand the congestion distribution characteristics and propagation effects of access section of the parking entrance and exit from the mid and microperspective, a 5 m

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lane width pixel grid is used to divide the frontage road research. It also proposes a spatially robust autoregressive model and complex network tools suitable for analysis of local traffic flow to analyze it. The results show that as spatial scale increases, the congestion propagation decreases sharply and spatial adjacency within the fourth order can account for more than 90% of the propagation; the frontage road to the entrance and exit is the place where the congestion first happens, and the congestion gradually attenuates as it propagates to the inner lane and the upstream of the road segments; the lateral congestion propagation attenuates faster, so the area affected by congestion is mainly distributed in the outermost lane. This paper can provide theoretical guidance for alleviating traffic congestion in the entrance and exit areas of parking facilities and has theoretical and empirical significance.
Targeting the Atf7ip–Setdb1 Complex Augments Antitumor Immunity by Boosting Tumor Immunogenicity
Authors: Hu Hai , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Dolgalev Igor , Cho Hyunwoo , Badri Sana , Chiriboga Luis A. , Zeck Briana , Lopez De Rodas Gregorio Miguel , Dowling Catríona M. , Labbe Kristen , Deng Jiehui , Chen Ting , Zhang Hua , Zappile Paul , Chen Ze , Ueberheide Beatrix , Karatza Angeliki , Han Han , Ranieri Michela , Tang Sittinon , Jour George , Osman Iman , Sucker Antje , Schadendorf Dirk , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Schalper Kurt A. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Huang Hsin-yi , Jin Yujuan , Ji Hongbin , Poirier John T. , Li Fei , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Substantial progress has been made in understanding how tumors escape immune surveillance. However, few measures to counteract tumor immune evasion have been developed. Suppression of tumor antigen expression is a common adaptive mechanism that cancers use to evade detection and destruction by the immune system. Epigenetic modifications play a critical role in various aspects of immune invasion, including the regulation of tumor antigen expression. To identify epigenetic regulators of tumor antigen expression, we established a transplantable syngeneic tumor model of immune escape with silenced antigen expression and used this system as a platform for a CRISPR–Cas9 suppressor screen for genes encoding epigenetic modifiers. We found that disruption of the genes encoding either of the chromatin modifiers activating transcription factor 7–interacting protein (Atf7ip) or its interacting partner SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (Setdb1) in tumor cells restored tumor antigen expression. This resulted in augmented tumor immunogenicity concomitant with elevated endogenous retroviral (ERV) antigens and mRNA intron retention. ERV disinhibition was associated with a robust type I interferon response and increased T-cell infiltration, leading to rejection of cells lacking intact Atf7ip or Setdb1. ATF7IP or SETDB1 expression inversely correlated with antigen processing and presentation pathways, interferon signaling, and T-cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in human cancers. Our results provide a rationale for targeting Atf7ip or Setdb1 in cancer immunotherapy.