bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide Does Not Adversely Impact Fat‐Free Mass Loss
Authors: Grannell Andrew , Martin William P. , Dehestani Babak , Al‐Najim Werd , Murphy John C. , le Roux Carel W. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine fat‐free mass (FFM) loss between successful responders to lifestyle intervention alone compared with lifestyle intervention plus liraglutide 3.0 mg. An additional objective was to examine the effects of varying resistance training frequencies (days per week) on FFM retention.MethodsThis prospective study examined patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 receiving treatment in a tertiary care obesity clinic. Body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry) was captured at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment. Exercise‐related data (aerobic minutes per week and resistance training frequency) were captured at week 16. A total of 78 individuals were examined in two groups, the first with lifestyle intervention alone (n = 19) and the second with lifestyle intervention plus liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 59). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine between‐group differences.ResultsCompared with lifestyle intervention alone, participants on liraglutide lost more weight (−12.2 kg vs. −9.7 kg, P = 0.048) and FFM (−2.3 kg vs. −1.5 kg, P = 0.06). After controlling for weight loss, there was no difference in FFM loss between groups (0.14 kg/wk vs. −0.09 kg/wk, P = 0.12). Absolute weight loss (kilograms) was associated with FFM loss (kilograms) (ρ = 0.58, P < 0.0001). Exercise did not increase weight loss, and resistance training frequency (days per week) did not attenuate FFM loss.ConclusionsLiraglutide does not have effects on FFM beyond what can be expected from total weight loss. Resistance training did not attenuate FFM loss in the liraglutide or lifestyle‐alone groups. To ameliorate FFM loss after liraglutide, a new strategy may be needed that may combine exercise with specific nutritional interventions.
Association of Usual Sodium Intake with Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2009‐2016
Authors: Zhao Lixia , Ogden Cynthia L. , Yang Quanhe , Jackson Sandra L. , Loria Catherine M. , Galuska Deborah A. , Wiltz Jennifer L. , Merritt Robert , Cogswell Mary E. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of sodium intake with obesity in US children and adolescents.MethodsCross‐sectional data were analyzed for 9,026 children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009‐2016. Usual sodium intake was estimated from 24‐hour dietary recalls using a measurement error model. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of sodium intake with overweight/obesity, obesity, and central obesity (waist to height ratio [WtHR] ≥ 0.5; waist circumferences (WC) ≥ age‐ and sex‐specific 90th percentile).ResultsMean (SE) sodium intake was 3,010  (9) and 3,404  (20) mg/d for children and adolescents, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) comparing Q4 versus Q1 (87.5th vs. 12.5th percentile of sodium intake) among children was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.19‐3.28) for overweight/obesity, 2.20 (1.30‐3.73) for obesity, 2.10 (1.12‐3.95) for WC ≥ 90th percentile, and 1.68 (0.95‐2.97) for WtHR ≥ 0.5, adjusting for demographics, energy, and sugar‐sweetened beverage intake. Among adolescents, AOR was 1.81 (0.98‐3.37) for overweight/obesity, 1.71 (0.82‐3.56) for obesity, 1.62 (0.71‐3.66) for WC ≥ 90th percentile, and 1.73 (0.85‐3.50) for WtHR ≥ 0.5.ConclusionsSodium intake was positively associated with overweight/obesity, obesity, and central obesity among US children independent of energy and SSB intake, but the association did not reach significance among adolescents.
A BSDE approach to stochastic linear quadratic control problem
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Liangquan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study a kind of linear quadratic optimal control problem driven by forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs in short) with deterministic coefficients. The cost functional is defined by the solution of FBSDEs. By means of the Girsanov transformation, the original issue is turned equivalently into the classical LQ problem. By functional analysis approach, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal controls have been obtained. Moreover, we investigate the relationship between two groups of first‐order and second‐order adjoint equations. A new stochastic Riccati equation is derived, which leads to the state feedback form of optimal control. By introducing a new Hamiltonian function with an exponential factor, we establish the stochastic maximum principle to deal with the stochastic linear quadratic problem for forward–backward stochastic system with nonconvex control domain using first‐order adjoint equation. An illustrative example is given as well.
Cluster Salts [Nb6Cl12(HIm)6]An (with HIm=1H‐imidazole and A=Mineral Acid Anion, n=1 or 2) Made in and with Brønsted‐basic Ionic Liquids and Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Sperlich Eric , Köckerling Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFour new hexanuclear niobium cluster compounds of the general formula [Nb6Cl12(HIm)6](A)n ⋅ x(solvent molecule) (HIm=1H‐imidazole, A=mineral acid anion, Cl− (n=2) (1), (SO4)2− (n=1) (2), (CrO4)2− (n=1) (3), and (HAsO4)2− (n=1) (4)) were prepared. Their synthesis can be done in basic ionic liquids, which form on the addition of a mineral acid, which also delivers the counter anion for the final cluster compound, to an excess of the 1H‐imidazole. Some addition of an auxiliary solvent, like methanol, improves the speed of crystallisation. The cluster unit comprises a hexanuclear Nb6 unit of octahedral shape with the edges bridged by Cl atoms and the exo sites being occupied by N‐bonded 1H‐imidazole ligands. The cluster cation carries sixteen cluster‐based electrons. Between the NH groups of the ligands of the cluster unit, the anions and the co‐crystallised water (1), or 1H‐imidazole and methanol molecules (2, 3, and 4) a network of hydrogen bonds exists.
Urban versus rural? The effects of residential status on species identification skills and connection to nature
Authors: Bashan Danielle , Colléony Agathe , Shwartz Assaf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrbanization and urban lifestyles increasingly disconnect people from nature in a process that was termed the ‘extinction of experience’. This loss of human–nature interactions can undermine both cognitive (ecological knowledge) and affective (emotional connection to nature) relations to nature, further impacting capabilities to experience, care for, benefit from and act to protect nature. Yet, the extent to which the urban life influences both cognitive and affective relations to nature, remains poorly understood and research is confined to a few countries and cultures.We explored how cognitive and affective relations to nature can be related to people's childhood and current place of residency. We expected that urban dwellers, who have less opportunities to experience nature than their rural counterparts, will be less connected to nature and will demonstrate lower ecological knowledge than their rural counterparts.We conducted four surveys in Israel, in urban and rural settings between 2015 and 2018 (N = 1706) to measure and compare (urban vs. rural) the following variables: (a) species identification skills (correctly identified); (b) familiarity (recognized), as two measures of cognitive relation with nature and (c) nature relatedness, as a measure of emotional connection to nature.The ability to identify common plant, bird and butterfly species was poor in general (Av. = 3.83 out of 12), and lower for urban dwellers (Av. = 2.48) compared to their rural counterparts (Av. = 6.56). Differences in correct species identifications between urban and rural dwellers varied with taxa and peaked for butterflies (only 26 respondents managed to identify one species or more). We also identified an important gap between familiarity and species identification skills, especially for urban residents. Finally, people who currently live or used to live in rural areas during their childhood had higher scores of nature relatedness than their urban counterparts.Our results highlight that decreased opportunity to interact with nature reduces cognitive and affective relations to nature. Such reductions can affect the overall preferences for human–nature relationships and exacerbate a pervasive negative cycle that modifies relational values such as, care for nature, sense of belonging, place and identity that influence both humans well‐being and environmental stewardship.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Trends in fall‐related mortality and fall risk increasing drugs among older individuals in the United States,1999–2017
Authors: Shaver Amy L. , Clark Collin M. , Hejna Mary , Feuerstein Steven , Wahler Robert G. , Jacobs David M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated increasing mortality due to falls among older adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in fall risk increasing drug prescribing and if this is concurrent with an increase in fall‐related mortality in persons 65 years and older in the United States.MethodsThe study is a serial cross‐sectional analysis utilizing data from both the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) and the medical expenditure panel survey (MEPS) for years 1999–2017. Adults aged 65 years and older were evaluated for death due to falls from the NVSS and for prescription fills of fall risk increasing drugs per the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries‐Rx (STEADI‐Rx) fall checklist from the MEPS.ResultsThe analysis included 374 972 fall‐related mortalities and 7 858 177 122 fills of fall risk increasing drugs. 563 037 964 persons age 65 and older received at least one fall risk increasing drug. Age‐adjusted mortality due to falls increased from 29.40 per 100 000 in 1999 to 63.27 per 100 000 in 2017. The percent of persons who received at least one prescription for a fall risk increasing drug increased from 57% in 1999 to 94% in 2017 (p for trend <.0001).Conclusions and relevanceBoth use of fall risk increasing drugs and mortality due to falls are on the rise. Fall risk increasing drugs may partially explain the increase in mortality due to falls; this cannot be firmly concluded from the current study. Future research examining the potential relationship between fall risk increasing drugs and fall‐related mortality utilizing nationally representative person‐level data are needed.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of high‐dose rivaroxaban and apixaban for atrial fibrillation: A propensity score‐matched cohort study
Authors: Perreault Sylvie , Dragomir Alice , Côté Robert , Lenglet Aurélie , White‐Guay Brian , de Denus Simon , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Brophy James M. , Dorais Marc , Tardif Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveObservational studies assessing direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) dosage in atrial fibrillation (AF) reported that a lower proportion of patients received high‐dose DOACs compared to those in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Effectiveness and safety of high‐dose DOACs relative to apixaban in a real‐world AF population need to be addressed. The aim is to assess comparative effectiveness and safety of high‐dose rivaroxaban relative to apixaban.DesignWe conducted a cohort study.SettingWe built a cohort of patients hospitalized and discharged in community with a primary or secondary AF diagnosis from 2011‐2017 using Quebec administrative databases (Med‐Echo and RAMQ).PatientsCohort entry was defined as the first OAC claim in new users of high‐dose rivaroxaban and apixaban, with no OAC claims in the prior year.InterventionTo compare effectiveness and safety of high‐dose rivaroxaban to apixaban.MeasurementWe ascertained patient demographics, comorbidities, CHA2DS2‐VASc and HASBLED scores and Charlson score within 3 years prior to cohort entry. Primary effectiveness and safety were a composite of ischemic stroke/systemic thrombosis, death, myocardial infarction, and of intracranial bleeding (ICH), extracranial major bleeding, in the first year following drug initiation. We conducted propensity score matching and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes using Cox proportional hazard models. All the analyses were conducted to account for competing risks.Main resultsThe cohort consisted of 4,632 and 6,771 patients received high‐dose rivaroxaban and apixaban, respectively. High‐dose rivaroxaban users were younger with a mean age of 73.2 years, presented less associated comorbidities and had lower CHA2DS2‐VASc scores compared to apixaban. High‐dose rivaroxaban at the intention to treat was associated with a higher risk of stroke/SE/death (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04‐1.40) and worse composite effectiveness (HR 1.21: 1.05‐1.40); under treatment exposure, those values were at HR (1.66: 1.21‐2.29) and HR (1.58:1.19‐2.10), respectively. And, rivaroxaban presented a less favorable safety profile relative to apixaban.ConclusionIn this study, composite effectiveness and safety varied between rivaroxaban and apixaban. High‐dose apixaban was observed to have a better effectiveness and safety.
Registration of ‘KS Silverado’ hard white winter wheat
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Martin Terry J. , Fritz Allan K. , Bowden Robert L. , Li Yonghui , Bai Guihua , Chen Ming‐Shun , Jin Yue , Chen Xianming , Kolmer James A. , Seabourn Bradford W. , Chen Richard Y. , Marshall David S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract‘KS Silverado’ (Reg. no. CV‐1175, PI 693936) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. KS Silverado was selected from a three‐way cross KS05HW122‐5‐2//KS05HW15‐2‐2/KS06HW46‐3 made in 2008 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar that is adapted to Kansas. KS Silverado was selected as an F6–derived line using a modified bulk method and tested in yield trials across Kansas for five years. KS Silverado is medium‐early and medium‐short and has good straw strength, above average grain volume weight, and very competitive grain yield in western and central Kansas. KS Silverado is tolerant to preharvest sprouting and has a good resistance package to diseases and insects, including Wheat streak mosaic virus, leaf rust, Soilborne wheat mosaic virus, and Hessian fly. It also has good milling and bread‐making qualities.
Experiences of veterans with spinal cord injury related to annual urine screening and antibiotic use for urinary tract infections
Authors: Hines‐Munson Casey , May Sarah , Poon Ivy , Holmes S. Ann , Martin Lindsey , Trautner Barbara W. , Skelton Felicia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAntimicrobial‐resistant bacterial infections are an increasing public health threat and people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are disproportionally at higher risk. National guidelines concerning urine testing after SCI are conflicting. Unnecessary urine testing in the SCI population (with high asymptomatic bacteriuria prevalence) leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use, propagating resistant infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs).Objectives(a) Describe UTI antimicrobial adherence in patients with SCI. (b) Explore SCI patient knowledge and attitudes toward current urine testing and treatment practices.DesignMixed methods.SettingVeterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with SCI.ParticipantsVeterans identified as having SCI seen at a VHA facility nationwide.InterventionsN/A.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf‐reported medication adherence, patient beliefs and behaviors toward UTIs and antimicrobial use.ResultsA total of 105 Morisky Medication Adherence Scale‐8 (MMAS‐8) surveys were completed out of 369 distributed surveys (28% response rate). Overall, patients reported high medication adherence (mean score of 7.2/8, with 8 being a perfect adherence score). Ten qualitative interviews were completed. Themes identified include generally high adherence to prescribed antimicrobial courses and high levels of patient satisfaction with current outpatient VHA SCI bladder care. The quantitative findings converge with these themes observed in the qualitative interviews; patients were satisfied with current urine testing and treatment practices.ConclusionsVeterans with SCI are generally satisfied with their current UTI management and self‐report taking antimicrobials for UTIs as prescribed. Veterans with SCI typically report high trust in their SCI providers and value their advice on bladder care management. Therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to provide evidence‐based education to patients, as well as ensure that each prescribed course of antibiotics for UTI is clinically necessary. Information from this study will guide an intervention promoting appropriate urine testing and antimicrobial prescription practices by SCI providers.
A retrospective analysis of a commercially available platelet‐rich plasma kit during clinical use
Authors: Prysak Meredith H. , Kyriakides Christopher P. , Zukofsky Tyler A. , Reutter Stefan E. , Cheng Jennifer , Lutz Gregory E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐care analyses of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) are not routine in the orthopedic regenerative medicine field. Therefore, many physicians rely on the manufacturer's reported content for commercial preparation kits. This contributes to a knowledge gap between injectate content and patient outcome.ObjectiveTo assess whether the EmCyte PurePRP II 60‐mL preparation kit returns PRP content that meets the manufacturer's expectations when used during routine clinical care for a heterogenous patient population, and to determine whether a change in PRP yield volume affects injectate content. Protocol A (exclusion of granulocytes and low hematocrit) and Protocol B (inclusion of granulocytes and higher hematocrit) were evaluated.DesignRetrospective review.SettingPrivate practice.ParticipantsOne hundred five patients (118 preparations) treated for orthopedic conditions over an 8‐month period via PRP injection. Thirteen patients had two independently made preparations on different treatment days that qualified for analysis.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresComplete blood count (absolute counts and calculated fold enrichment from baseline of platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes; and hematocrit levels). Confounding variables included age, gender, and preparation yield volume.ResultsDuring routine clinical use, the cellular content of both Protocols A and B met or exceeded the manufacturer's expectations of platelet enrichment and granulocyte inclusion or exclusion. Hematocrit values were slightly higher than anticipated from Protocol A preparations. The modification of yield volume from 7 to 4 mL led to a significant difference in platelet enrichment without affecting absolute cell counts (2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1, 4.76; P = .003). Both gender and age moderately affected the level of platelet enrichment from baseline but did not significantly affect absolute platelet counts.ConclusionIn the absence of widespread characterization, confirming the variation in commercial PRP kits during clinical use is crucial.
Adsorption of methylene blue onto sugarcane bagasse‐based adsorbent materials
Authors: Al‐Mokhalelati Kamal , Al‐Bakri Iman , Al Shibeh Al Wattar Nesrin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSugarcane bagasse (SB) before and after alkaline treatment has been investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the adsorption was chemical in nature and the OH, C=O, and C–O groups were particularly responsible for MB dye adsorption. The optimum concentration of MB solution was fixed at 0.1 gr/50 mL in both treated and untreated SB. Batch adsorption studies are used to derive the optimum adsorption conditions. A contact time of 90 min, a pH range from 5 to 9, a dose of 0.1 g, and an initial concentration of the MB of 100 ppm were chosen. The amount of adsorbed MB dye on the surface of the SB was temperature dependent, and the adsorption increases with increasing temperature. The values of ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° indicated endothermic but spontaneous process. The overall results indicated that SB was a promising candidate for dye removals.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment and change in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Dijkshoorn Aicha B. C. , van Stralen Haike E. , Sloots Maurits , Schagen Sanne B. , Visser‐Meily Johanna M. A. , Schepers Vera P. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with breast cancer face cognitive impairment that affects their quality of life; partially attributable to treatment. Our aim was to detail the prevalence and change of cognitive impairment during the course of treatment. We also investigated the effect of therapy (chemotherapy [CT]) vs. radiotherapy and/or endocrine therapy vs. healthy controls).MethodsThis article reviews longitudinal cohort studies published to date in Medline and Embase that (i) assess cognition before and after therapy, (ii) report prevalence cognitive impairment or change, and (iii) use standardized and valid neuropsychological tests. We used the original authors' criteria for cognitive impairment.ResultsThe title and abstract of 891 articles were screened, resulting in the identification of 90 potentially relevant articles while applying the eligibility criteria. After full‐text examination, 17 studies were included. Prevalence of cognitive impairment range from 25% before therapy, through 24% after therapy to 21% at maximal 1‐year follow‐up (FU). Compared to their pretreatment cognitive functioning, 24% of patients decline after treatment and 24% at 1‐year FU. Some studies also reported cognitive improvement showing that 15% and 31% of patients improve, respectively. In general, patients undergoing CT have a higher chance of cognitive impairment and decline than no‐CT patients and healthy controls.ConclusionsThis study shows that one out of four breast cancer patients shows cognitive impairment prior to treatment administration CT and a significant number of patients decline during the course of disease, suggesting that cognitive impairment is not exclusively related to CT and/or no‐CT therapies. This study shows that assessment of cognitive functioning, ideally over time, is crucial and may help the implementation of personalized rehabilitation pathways.