bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Breast Double-hit Lymphoma Management and Outcomes: A Real-world Multicentre Experience
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhang Yuanfeng , Fei Hairong , Shi Xue , Wang Liang , Wang Peijun , Yu Jie , Feng Sizhou , Shen Yuyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary breast double-hit lymphoma (PB-DHL) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy that poses challenges regarding accurate diagnoses and selecting optimal treatment regimens. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of patients diagnosed with PB-DHL in six academic centres between June 2014 and June 2020 in China. Study-specific data were recorded, including treatment options, therapeutic evaluation, prognostic factors and relapse patterns, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Results: In total, 48 patients were enrolled, and the overall five-year OS and PFS rates were 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.4–64.7%) and 37.5% (95% CI, 23.7–58.6%), respectively. Of the three treatment regimens, the five-year OS was higher in the dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R)/alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (MA) group than in the DA-EPOCH-R or rituximab plus fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone alternating with cytarabine plus methotrexate (R-HyperCVAD) subgroups (57.1% vs. 38.9% vs. 31.3%; P = 0.016), as was the five-year PFS (50.0% vs. 38.9% vs. 25.0%; P = 0.038). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) prolonged the OS and PFS compared with non-ASCT patients (five-year OS: 72.2% vs. 23.3%; P < 0.001; five-year PFS: 72.2% vs. 16.7%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified tumour size, risk stratification, treatment with DA-EPOCH-R/MA, breast irradiation, and ASCT as significant prognostic factors. Conclusions: DA-EPOCH-R/MA is a promising regimen for PB-DHL, and breast irradiation yields complementary benefits for relapse reduction. ASCT significantly decreased disease relapse, providing a potential curative PB-DHL intervention and justifying ASCT as first-line therapy for young patients. More effective treatment strategies for PB-DHL patients remain encouraging.
Causal motifs and existence of endogenous cascades in directed networks with application to company defaults
Authors: Barjašić Irena , Štefančić Hrvoje , Pribičević Vedrana , Zlatić Vinko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the detection of cascades of defaults in economy, we developed a detection framework for an endogenous spreading based on causal motifs we define in this paper. We assume that the change of state of a vertex can be triggered by an endogenous or an exogenous event, that the underlying network is directed and that times when vertices changed their states are available. In addition to the data of company defaults, we also simulate cascades driven by different stochastic processes on different synthetic networks. We show that some of the smallest motifs can robustly detect endogenous spreading events. Finally, we apply the method to the data of defaults of Croatian companies and observe the time window in which an endogenous cascade was likely happening.
MSTN mutant promoted bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation by regulating the binding of SMAD2/SMAD3 with CDKN1C
Authors: Gao Li , Yang Miao-Miao , Gu Ming-Juan , Liu Yun-Peng , Bu Cai-Hong , Cheng Peng , Bai Chunling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Myostatin (MSTN), also known as growth/differentiation factor 8, mostly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays negative roles in regulation of muscle development. Previous studies had proved that MSTN have important effect on cell proliferation. Therefore we aimed to investigate the mechanism of MSTN in regulating the proliferation of bovine muscle satellite cells (MSCs).Methods: Bovine MSCs of MSTN mutant (MT) and wild type (WT) were obtained, we detected the cell proliferation and cell cycle by EdU proliferation assay and Flow cytometry. Then we detected the expression of genes associated with cell cycle by Real-time PCR and Western blotting . RNA-seq and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)assay were performed to research the mechanism of MSTN in regulating the cell proliferation. Results: In this study, we found that MSTN mutant promoted the proliferation of MSCs. The expression of CyclinA, CyclinD and CyclinE were all increased after MSTN mutant, while the expression of CDKN1C (P57), CDKN2A, CDKN2C and CDKN2D were down-regulated, which were consistent with the promotion of cell proliferation. Among these genes, CDKN1C(P57) down-regulated most significantly. RNA-seq results showed that MSTN mutant affected the SMAD binding, so we performed ChIP-qPCR and demonstrated that the SMAD2/SMAD3 transcription factor combined with the promoter of CDKN1C thus to increase the expression of CDKN1C, this demonstrating that MSTN regulated the expression of CDKN1C through SMAD2/SMAD3 complex. Finally, overexpression of SMAD3 in wild type cells increased the expression of CDKN1C, further suggested that SMAD3 regulated the expression of CDKN1C. Conclusion: MSTN mutant down-regulated the expression of SMAD2/SMAD3, then reduced the promotion of SMAD2/SMAD3 to the expression of CDKN1C, thus to inhibit the expression of CDKN1C, then promoting the cell cycle.
Structures of synthetic nanobody–SARS-CoV-2–RBD complexes reveal distinct
sites of interaction and recognition of variants
Authors: Margulies David , Ahmad Javeed , Jiang Jiansheng , Boyd Lisa , Zeher Allison , Huang Rick , Xia Di , Natarajan Kannan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and emergence of new variants demands understanding the structural basis of the interaction of antibodies with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here we report five X-ray crystal structures of sybodies (synthetic nanobodies) including binary and ternary complexes of Sb16–RBD, Sb45–RBD, Sb14–RBD–Sb68, and Sb45–RBD–Sb68; and Sb16 unliganded. These reveal that Sb14, Sb16, and Sb45 bind the RBD at the ACE2 interface and that the Sb16 interaction is accompanied by a large CDR2 shift. In contrast, Sb68 interacts at the periphery of the interface. We also determined cryo-EM structures of Sb45 bound to spike (S). Superposition of the X-ray structures of sybodies onto the trimeric S protein cryo-EM map indicates some may bind both "up" and "down" configurations, but others may not. Sensitivity of sybody binding to several recently identified RBD mutants is consistent with these structures.
Characteristics and Spatial Influencing Factors of Natural Regeneration within Aquaculture ponds in a Mangrove Forest
Authors: xin kun , Sheng Nong , Xiong Yanmei , Jiang Zhongmao , Zhang Yun , Liao Baowen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Regeneration is an important component of community succession and understanding regeneration dynamics is essential for forest protection and recovery management. Mangroves are distributed along coastlines and this unique habitat has resulted in very different regeneration process. This study took Dongzhaigang mangrove forest in Hainan, China as the study area, considered the 10 years regeneration process in 8 abandoned aquaculture ponds, and the spatial factors that influence the regeneration process are analyzed. The objectives were to: a) investigate the natural dynamics of the mangrove regeneration process in abandoned ponds, b) determine the main spatial factors affecting the natural regeneration process. The results showed that the number of species and individuals showed a tendency to initially rise and then decline, with the maximum occurring at 6–8 years. The results of a diversity index showed an initial rise, with stabilization then occurring over a 8 year period. Aegiceras corniculatum and Sonneratia apetala were typical pioneer mangrove species in the study area, while Bruguiera sexangula and Kandelia obovata were representative species of late regeneration period. Spatial factors, including pond area and shape, relative elevation, distance to a tidal creek and surrounding trees area played important roles in the regeneration of mangrove in ponds. Finally, the study considered the current situation regarding mangrove restoration in China and suggested that natural regeneration of mangroves is a good management option.
Nafamostat reduces systemic inflammation in TLR7-mediated virus-like illness
Authors: Yates Abi G. , Weglinski Caroline M. , Ying Yuxin , Strekalova Tatyana , Anthony Daniel C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The serine protease inhibitor nafamostat has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19, by inhibiting TMPRSS2-mediated viral cell entry. Nafamostat has been shown to have other, immunomodulatory effects, which may be beneficial for treatment, however animal models of ssRNA virus infection are lacking. In this study, we examined the potential of the dual TLR7/8 agonist R848 to mimic the host response to a ssRNA virus infection and the associated behavioural response. In addition, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of nafamostat in this model. Methods: CD-1 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of R848 (200μg, prepared in DMSO, diluted 1:10 in saline) or diluted DMSO alone, and an intravenous injection of either nafamostat (100μL, 3mg/kg in saline) or saline. Sickness behaviour was determined by temperature, food intake, sucrose preference test, open field and forced swim test. Blood and fresh liver, lung and brain were collected 6 hours post-challenge to measure markers of peripheral and central inflammation by blood analysis and qPCR. Results: R848 induced a robust inflammatory response, as evidenced by increased expression of TNF, IFN-γ, CXCL1 and CXCL10 in the liver, lung and brain, as well as a sickness behaviour phenotype. Exogenous administration of nafamostat suppressed the hepatic inflammatory response, significantly reducing TNF and IFN-γ expression, but had no effect on lung or brain cytokine production. R848 administration depleted circulating leukocytes, which was restored by nafamostat treatment. Conclusions: Our data indicate that R848 administration provides a useful model of ssRNA virus infection, which induces inflammation in the periphery and CNS, and virus infection-like illness. In turn, we show that nafamostat has a systemic anti-inflammatory effect, in the presence of the TLR7/8 agonist. Therefore, the results indicate that nafamostat has anti-inflammatory actions, beyond its ability to inhibit TMPRSS2, that might potentiate its anti-viral actions in pathologies such as COVID-19.
Paternity evaluation in the presence of splits and crossreactive antigens
Authors: Gutendorf R.W. , Balakrishnan K. , Taylor D. , Cox K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of paternity (alleged father, mother, and child) can range from a straightforward resolution to a complex problem that can-not be resolved without family studies. We present a case of disputed paternity in which tests for crossreactive groups (CREGs) and antigen subtypes (splits) within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system could not be used confidendy to prove or disprove paternity. Further analysis, red cell enzyme tests, enabled a final verdict and confirmed the current reliability of HLA antisera defining splits.
Immunobematology
1991;2:43–45.
Decreased ABH blood group antigen expression associated with preleukemic conditions and acute leukemia: loss of detectable B, then A antigens in a group AB patient progressing from a myelodysplastic syndrome to leukemia
Authors: Benson K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Decreased or absent expression of blood group antigens is well known to occur in acute leukemia. In some carcinomas, the malignant solid tumor cells have also been shown to lose normal blood group antigen expression. In both carcinoma and hematologic malignancies, these findings have been associated with a more aggressive behavior of the neoplasm. A 34-year-old, group AB, Rh positive woman was diagnosed with a preleukemic condition, myelodysplastic syndrome, in December 1988. In April 1989 B antigen expression was markedly decreased, then absent; in November 1989 the patient had progressed to acute leukemia. In April 1990 neither A nor B antigens could be detected, there was disease progression, and the patient died 19 days after A and B antigens were undetectable. Decreased expression of normal blood group antigens may prove useful in differentiating benign from malignant conditions and may indicate a more grave prognosis.
Immunohematology
1991;7:89–93.
An example of anti-JMH with characteristics of a clinically significant antibody
Authors: Geisland J. , Corgan M. , Hillard B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors studied an example of red cell anti-JMH (John Milton Hagen) that exhibited several characteristics of a possible clinically significant antibody able to cause red cell destruction in vivo. Strong serological reactivity, a positive monocyte monolayer assay, and immunoglobulin subclass determination as IgG3 all indicate possible ability to destroy red cells. A 51Cr-labeled red cell survival study was not done as the patient did not require red cell transfusions but may be recommended for this patient if transfusions become necessary.
Cromer-related blood group antigens and the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked protein, decay-accelerating factor DAF (CD55)
Authors: Reid M.E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cromer-related blood group antigens are located on the complement regulatory glycoprotein, decay-accelerating factor (DAF). DAF is not detectable on red cells from individuals with a Cromernull phenotype (termed Inab), which is probably an inherited condition. DAF is also absent from a subpopulation of red cells (PNH) III) from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), an acquired hematological defect. PNH III red cells, like Inab cells, lack all the Cromer-related antigens described to date.
Vancomycin-induced neutropenia associated with anti-granulocyte antibodies
Authors: Domen R.E. , Horowitz S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neutropenia is a rare complication associated with vancomycin, and the cause of this adverse reaction is not well understood. We report a case of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in which we were able to demonstrate anti-granulocyte antibodies. We also report the results of a bone marrow examination along with a brief review of the literature.
A simple method for inhibiting ABO antibodies in sera used for platelet crossmatching
Authors: Postoway N. , Garratty G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sometimes it is necessary to crossmatch and transfuse ABO-incompatible platelets. As IgG anti-A and anti-B sometimes react with platelets from group A or B donors, these reactions can confuse the interpretation of crossmatching, which is designed to detect HLA or platelet-specific antibodies. Methods previously described to overcome this problem have been complex. Neutr-ABR, which contains A and B blood group substances from porcine and equine sources, can be used to neutralize anti-A and/or anti-B in sera used to crossmatch ABO-incompatible platelets. This simple technique has been used for many years in red blood cell (RBC) serology and involves simply adding 1 volume of Neutr-AB to 5 volumes of serum and incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes. In this study, 13 of 65 (20%) random group O donor sera reacted against random group A platelets and 6 of 67 (9%) random group O donor sera reacted against random group B platelets. All of the anti-A and anti-B reactions were inhibited by Neutr-AB when tested against group A or B platelets by solid-phase ELISA. The amount of A antigen on platelets and the levels of anti-A in group B or O sera can vary considerably, so we investigated the extent of the problem in platelet crossmatching. Sixty percent of 20 random group O sera reacted with platelets from a donor, who was selected because of the strong A antigen present on the platelets. Eighty-six percent of randomly selected group A platelets reacted with a group O serum containing strong anti-A. Neutr-AB was found not to inhibit 1 anti-P1A1 and 6 anti-HLA.
A case report: IgG autoanti-N as a cause of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Combs M.R. , Telen M.J. , Hall S.E. , Rosse W.F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 21-year-old white worn was referred for evaluation of hemolytic anemia after a 9-day history of marked hemoglobinuria, jaundice, and weakness. The patient’s hematocrit was 18&, despite at least eight transfusions over the previous week, and the reticulocyte count was < 1%. Serologic evaluation revealed a weakly positive direct antiglobulin test with antic-C3 only The serum contained coldand warm-reactinga nti-N Dithiothreitol had no effect on either the cold- or the warm-reacting anti-N activity, and radoimmunoassay with monoclonal anti-IgG was strongly positive, indicating that both the cold- and the warm-reacting anti-N reactivity resided in the IgG fraction. The patient was treated with N – ‘N’ + red cell transfusions, prednisone, and azathioprine and gradually became transfusioni ndependent. Postrecovery typing revealed her red cells to be M+N+S+s+. This constitutes the third case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with IgG autoanti-N. The marked hemoglobinuria and reticulocytopenia are unique features of this case.
Incidence of Rodgers-negative individuals in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Moulds J.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Early reports of anti-Rodgers (anti-Rg) noted that there was an increased number of the HLA-B8 phenotype among this group. This HLA type has recently been linked to a C4A (Rg) gene deletion found with increased frequency among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Healthy controls (n=176) and SLE patients (n=102) were studied for their HLA haplotype and C4 allotype as well as their Rg phenotype Six of 53 white and 3 of 49 black SLE patients were C44-null and Rodgers-negative, a significant difference from controls (p = .002). A retrospective study of patients who produced anti-Rg showed that one third had symptoms often associated with SLE but none had SLE as a primary diagnosis.
A weak B antigen with serologic reactivity between B1 and B2 red blood cells found in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhang G.L. , Wang Y. , Zheng J. , Lee A. , Eckrich R.J. , Mallory D.M. , Lee T.D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During a serologic study on red cell samples from individuals representing three generations of a Chinese family, an unusual pattern of reactivity was noted in a sample from a daughter of an A1B2 individual. The results of direct ABO grouping, titration, and adsorption studies demonstrated that the red blood cells (RBCs) from the proposita and two of the proposita’s uncles (1) expressed more B antigen than group B2 RBCs but less than group B1 RBCs; (2) expressed the B1 antigen but at a lower level than group B1 RBCs; and (3) expressed more H antigen than B1 RBCs but slightly less than B2 RBCs. The saliva from the proposita contained soluble B and H antigens, and her serum contained a weak B-gene-specified transferase. Serologic reactivity of her RBCs was intermediate between that of B1 and B2 RBCs. That is similar to reactivity of Aint RBCs, which is intermediate between A1 and A2 RBCs. The proposita may represent a Bint phenotype.
Immunohematology
1993;9:11.
Compatibility testing problems associated with bovine thrombin–treated plasma
Authors: Shirey R.S. , Ciappi A.B. , Kickler T.S. , Triulzi D. , Ness P.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plasma converted to serum by the addition of bovine thrombin prior to compatibility testing agglutinated all donor red cells. This finding prompted an investigation of bovine thrombin–associated incompatibility that showed that (1) thrombin derived from bovine plasma contains IgG antibodies directed against all human red cells, and (2) excess (> 50 units/mL) bovine thrombin used for conversion of plasma to serum may cause hemagglutination and erroneous serologic test results because of the presence of heteroagglutinins.
Immunohematology
1993;9;19.
Immune-mediated hemolysis in a postoperative patient Case report: anti-U and differential diagnosis
Authors: Pillay G.S. , Womack B. , Sandler S.G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the differential diagnosis for a Coombs-positive immune hemolysis having onset during hospitalization and, in particular, during the postoperative period. The stimulus for this article was a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) due to anti-U following open-heart surgery. The initial clinical and serologic findings led us to consider other causes of immune hemolysis which are reviewed in this article. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of a DHTR due to anti-U to be reported in the medical literature.
Immunobematology
1993;9:41–46.
Anti-Uz found in mother’s serum and child’s eluate
Authors: Read S.M. , Taylor M.M. , Reid M.E. , Popovsky M.A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A saline-reactive antibody, anti-Uz, that reacted stronger with S+ than with S– red blood cells (RBCs) and failed to react with U– or ficin-treated RBCs has been previously reported. We describe an antibody of similar specificity in the postpartum serum of an untransfused woman and the eluate from her fourth child’s cord RBCs. The mother’s RBCs typed S–s+U+, He+(weak), and appeared to have normal glycophorin A and B content, as determined by immunoblotting. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and the autocontrol were negative. Her serum reacted stronger with S + RBCs only in the antiglobulin phase, and failed to react with U– or ficin-treated RBCs. The antibody was adsorbed completely by S–s+U+ RBCs, proving that anti-S was not present. Monocyte monolayer assay results with S+s–U+ and S–s+U+ RBCs indicated that transfusion of incompatible blood would not result in significant hemolysis. The child’s cord RBCs typed S–s+. The DAT was 3+ with anti-IgG, and an eluate prepared from these RBCs had the same reactivity as the maternal serum. The child showed no clinical signs of hemolytic disease of the newborn. In contrast to previous reports, these results suggest an immune form of anti-Uz.
Immunobematology
1993;9:47–49.
Fy3 and S1a are carried on different red cell membrane proteins
Authors: Moulds J.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fy3 and S1a are high-incidence antigens that are absent from the red cells of 60–70 percent of black individuals. The corresponding antibodies have similar serologic characteristics. Therefore, a study was undertaken to investigate whether Fy3 and S1a might be the same antigen. Red cells from donors shown to be Fy3 +, S1(a +) were labeled with 125I and detergent solubilized. The solubilized membranes were immunoprecipitated with two examples of anti-S1a and four examples of anti-Fy3. The eluates were run on polyacrylamide gels under reducing or nonreducing conditions. The four examples of anti-Fy3 precipitated a protein of approximately 31 kDa, while the two examples of anti-S1a exhibited a band at 220 kDa. Since the molecular weight of Fy3 is similar to that reported for Fya, it is likely that Fy3 is carried on the same protein that expresses Fya and Fyb. However, Fy3 is distinct from the S1a antigen, which is known to be carried on complement receptor one (CR1).
Immunobematology
1993;9:50–52.