bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure and Cancer Risk in Males
Authors: Strohsnitter William C. , Hyer Marianne , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Cheville Andrea L. , Palmer Julie R. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Titus Linda , Romero Iris L. , Huo Dezheng , Hoover Robert N. , Troisi Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
The influence of prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on cancer incidence among middle-aged men has not been well-characterized. We investigated whether exposure to DES before birth impacts overall cancer risk, and risk of site-specific cancers.

Methods:
Men (mean age in 2016 = 62.0 years) who were or were not prenatally DES exposed were identified between 1953 and 1994 and followed for cancer primarily via questionnaire approximately every 5 years between 1994 and 2016. The overall and site-specific cancer rates of the two groups were compared using Poisson regression and proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for age.

Results:
DES exposure was not associated with either overall cancer [hazard ratio (HR), 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77–1.15] or total prostate cancer rates (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.68–1.33), but was inversely associated with urinary tract cancer incidence (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–1.00).

Conclusions:
There was no increase in either overall or prostate cancer rates among men prenatally DES exposed relative to those unexposed. An unexpected risk reduction was observed for urinary system cancers among the exposed relative to those unexposed. These findings suggest that prenatal DES exposure is unlikely to be an important contributor to cancer development in middle-aged men.

Impact:
The results of this study could lend reassurance to middle-aged men who were prenatally DES exposed that their exposure does not adversely influence their overall cancer risk.
Validity and Reproducibility of Immunohistochemical Scoring by Trained Non-Pathologists on Tissue Microarrays
Authors: Jenniskens Josien C.A. , Offermans Kelly , Samarska Iryna , Fazzi Gregorio E. , Simons Colinda C.J.M. , Smits Kim M. , Schouten Leo J. , Weijenberg Matty P. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Grabsch Heike I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Scoring of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining is often done by non-pathologists, especially in large-scale tissue microarray (TMA)-based studies. Studies on the validity and reproducibility of scoring results from non-pathologists are limited. Therefore, our main aim was to assess interobserver agreement between trained non-pathologists and an experienced histopathologist for three IHC markers with different subcellular localization (nucleus/membrane/cytoplasm).

Methods:
Three non-pathologists were trained in recognizing adenocarcinoma and IHC scoring by a senior histopathologist. Kappa statistics were used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver agreement for 6,249 TMA cores from a colorectal cancer series.

Results:
Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists (independently scored) and the histopathologist was “substantial” for nuclear and membranous IHC markers (κrange = 0.67–0.75 and κrange = 0.61–0.69, respectively), and “moderate” for the cytoplasmic IHC marker (κrange = 0.43–0.57). Scores of the three non-pathologists were also combined into a “combination score” (if at least two non-pathologists independently assigned the same score to a core, this was the combination score). This increased agreement with the pathologist (κnuclear = 0.74; κmembranous = 0.73; κcytopasmic = 0.57). Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists was “substantial” (κnuclear = 0.78; κmembranous = 0.72; κcytopasmic = 0.61). Intraobserver agreement of non-pathologists was “substantial” to “almost perfect” (κnuclear,range = 0.83–0.87; κmembranous,range = 0.75–0.82; κcytopasmic = 0.69). Overall, agreement was lowest for the cytoplasmic IHC marker.

Conclusions:
This study shows that adequately trained non-pathologists are able to generate reproducible IHC scoring results, that are similar to those of an experienced histopathologist. A combination score of at least two non-pathologists yielded optimal results.

Impact:
Non-pathologists can generate reproducible IHC results after appropriate training, making analyses of large-scale molecular pathological epidemiology studies feasible within an acceptable time frame.
Passionate Belief: Ideology, Emotion and Terrorist Action
Authors: Smith Debra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ideologies sit at the intersection of thought and emotion, capable of inspiring some people to greatness and driving others to commit horrendous acts of violence. Providing more than just systematic arguments, ideologies encourage shared political identities, help explain social circumstance, and frame what actions need to be taken in response. Ideologies often carry a negative connotation, particularly in relation to acts labelled as terrorism. Yet ideologies encourage people to imagine a future that is better than the present. In this sense, they are narratives of hope that can help to ameliorate the pain of everyday life. This essay draws on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork conducted with former members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army to examine the interplay between hope, ideology and acts of political violence. In doing so, it contributes to a growing body of scholarship that seeks to integrate emotions into the analyses of how individuals come to embrace violence as a political tactic.
The Fission of the Forbidden: The Popularity of Video Content in an Online Right-Wing Extremist Environment
Authors: Waldek Lise 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Video platforms such as YouTube provide an environment where the blurred duality between content dissemination and creation facilitates the generation of social networks. Research into online violent extremist environments has often noted the prominence of video-sharing platforms as a means of distributing propaganda and cultivating social networks for purposes of recruitment. This paper draws from the study of emotion to examine three videos and associated comments that had high engagement, understood as the frequency of interactions, likes/upvotes and reposts in a given social network, in a right-wing extremist online milieu. This analysis highlights the important role emotions play in generating social connectedness and ultimately engagement and recruitment into online right-wing extremist milieus. Understanding the significance of emotions in online violent extremist video content can help to identify opportunities for moderation and/or the construction of alternative narratives.
Anger, Resentment and the Limits of Historical Narratives in Protest Politics: The Case of Early Twentieth-Century Irish Women’s Intersectional Movements
Authors: Crozier-De Rosa Sharon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay analyses the emotions of intersectional protest. It uses the case study of early twentieth-century Irish women who subscribed to a multitude of ideological beliefs – including feminism, nationalism, socialism and pacifism – to attempt to understand the different place of emotions like hope and pride and anger and resentment in sustaining political activism. In doing so, it examines the nexus between emotions, ideology and history. Adopting both an interconnecting and comparative approach, it investigates the relative efficacy of historical narratives in sustaining the emotional and moral dimensions of intersecting and competing ideological movements. The essay concludes by exposing the limits of the emotions–ideology–history nexus, especially when it comes to feminist protest.
Japanese Buddhism in Austria
Authors: Pokorny Lukas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Drawing on archival research and interview data, this paper discusses the historical development as well as the present configuration of the Japanese Buddhist panorama in Austria, which includes Zen, Pure Land, and Nichiren Buddhism. It traces the early beginnings, highlights the key stages and activities in the expansion process, and sheds light on both denominational complexity and international entanglement. Fifteen years before any other European country (Portugal in 1998; Italy in 2000), Austria formally acknowledged Buddhism as a legally recognised religious society in 1983. Hence, the paper also explores the larger organisational context of the Österreichische Buddhistische Religionsgesellschaft (Austrian Buddhist Religious Society) with a focus on its Japanese Buddhist actors. Additionally, it briefly outlines the non-Buddhist Japanese religious landscape in Austria.
Development of a suspicion index for secondary schizophrenia using the Delphi method
Authors: Bonnot Olivier , Insua Jose Luis , Walterfang Mark , Torres Juan Vincente , Kolb Stefan Armin 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a suspicion index that aids diagnosis of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders in regular clinical practice. Method: We used the Delphi method to rate and refine questionnaire items in consecutive rounds. Differences in mean expert responses for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders populations allowed to define low/middle/high predictive items, which received different weights. Algorithm performance was tested in 198 disease profiles by means of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Twelve experts completed the Delphi process, and consensus was reached in 19/24 (79.2%) items for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 17/24 (70.8%) for secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We assigned rounded values to each item category according to their predictive potential. A differential distribution of scores was observed between schizophrenia spectrum disorders and secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders when applying the suspicion index for validation to 198 disease profiles. Sensitivity and specificity analyses allowed to set a >8/10/16 risk prediction score as a threshold to consider medium/high/very high suspicion of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Conclusion: Our final outcome was the Secondary Schizophrenia Suspicion Index, the first paper-based and reliable algorithm to discriminate secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders from schizophrenia spectrum disorders with the potential to help improve the detection of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorder cases in clinical practice.
Socio-demographic factors in relation to habitual sodium and potassium intakes among adults in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Nichols Selby , Dalrymple Nequesha , Prout Patrice , Ramcharitar-Bourne Anisa 
Published: July 2021

Background: Approximately one-third of adults in Trinidad and Tobago have high blood pressure (hypertension). Excessive consumption of sodium (Na+) is a known risk factor for hypertension. Aim: We investigated Na+ and potassium (K+) intakes and their correlates in a multi-ethnic Caribbean population. Method: Volunteers completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic items, physical activity (PA) and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Foods eaten were classified by level of processing using the NOVA classification system and analysed for Na+ and K+ levels using appropriate dietary analysis software. The study was approved by the University of the West Indies at Saint Augustine Ethics Committee. Results: 11,783 adults participated in the study. Approximately 83.2% of total calories, 79% of Na+ and 40% of K+ was derived from the consumption of highly processed foods. Median daily Na+ and K+ intakes were 2759 mg and 2853 mg, respectively. Na+ intakes showed significant nonlinear increases with age ( p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) ( p < 0.001), and non-linear decreases with educational attainment ( p < 0.001). K+ intakes showed significant nonlinear decreases with age ( p < 0.001) and BMI ( p < 0.001), and linear increases with educational attainment ( p < 0.001). Males had higher intakes of Na+ and K+ than females. Na+: K+ was lower among persons participating in moderate to high intensity PA ≥ 150 minutes/week compared to those participating in such activities < 150 minutes/week. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors were significantly correlated with Na+ and K+ intakes among participants and must be considered in strategies aimed at achieving healthy intakes of these nutrients.
Between sexual assault and compassion: The experience of living with a spouse’s dementia-related hypersexuality—A narrative case-study
Authors: Harel Dovrat , Band-Winterstein Tova , Goldblatt Hadass 
Published: July 2021

Background Hypersexuality is one of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. This symptom can lead to poor quality of life for the person who lives with dementia, as well as for his or her caregiver, who might be exposed to sexual assault. Aim This study aimed to highlight the experience of an older woman living and coping with a spouse who exhibits dementia-related hypersexuality. Method A narrative case-study of a single case was designed, composed of four semi-structured interviews conducted over a 10-month period. The data were analyzed through thematic, structural, and performance analysis. Findings Four phases were revealed, depicting the experience of being a partner and caregiver of a spouse with dementia-related hypersexuality: a) “I need help”: A distress call; b) “It depends how long I agree to go on with it”: Living with the ambiguous reality of dementia-related hypersexual behavior within an ongoing intimate relationship; c) “It’s as if I’m hugging someone who’s no longer alive”: The transition from the previous couplehood identity to a new couplehood identity; and d) “I am just taking care of him as if he is a child”: A compassionate couplehood identity construction. Conclusions Living with a partner with dementia-related hypersexuality is a distressing experience for the caregiver-spouse. Yet, positive memories from a long intimate relationship can lead to the creation of a compassionate identity, which supports the caregiving process, and creates a sense of acceptance and meaning making. This, in turn, enables a positive aging experience. These finding have some practical implications for supporting and intervening in such cases.
Recovery of Visuospatial Neglect Subtypes and Relationship to Functional Outcome Six Months After Stroke
Authors: Moore Margaret J. , Vancleef Kathleen , Riddoch M. Jane , Gillebert Celine R. , Demeyere Nele 
Published: July 2021

Background/Objective. This study aims to investigate how complex visuospatial neglect behavioural phenotypes predict long-term outcomes, both in terms of neglect recovery and broader functional outcomes after 6 months post-stroke. Methods. This study presents a secondary cohort study of acute and 6-month follow-up data from 400 stroke survivors who completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen’s Cancellation Task. At follow-up, patients also completed the Stroke Impact Scale questionnaire. These data were analysed to identify whether any specific combination of neglect symptoms is more likely to result in long-lasting neglect or higher levels of functional impairment, therefore warranting more targeted rehabilitation. Results. Overall, 98/142 (69%) neglect cases recovered by follow-up, and there was no significant difference in the persistence of egocentric/allocentric (X2 [1] = .66 and P = .418) or left/right neglect (X2 [2] = .781 and P = .677). Egocentric neglect was found to follow a proportional recovery pattern with all patients demonstrating a similar level of improvement over time. Conversely, allocentric neglect followed a non-proportional recovery pattern with chronic neglect patients exhibiting a slower rate of improvement than those who recovered. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the initial severity of acute allocentric, but not egocentric, neglect impairment acted as a significant predictor of poor long-term functional outcomes (F [9,300] = 4.742, P < .001 and adjusted R2 = .098). Conclusions. Our findings call for systematic neuropsychological assessment of both egocentric and allocentric neglect following stroke, as the occurrence and severity of these conditions may help predict recovery outcomes over and above stroke severity alone.
FOLFIRINOX relative dose intensity and disease control in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vary Antonin , Lebellec Loïc , Di Fiore Frédéric , Penel Nicolas , Cheymol Claire , Rad Emilia , El Hajbi Farid , Lièvre Astrid , Edeline Julien , Bimbai André Michel , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Turpin Anthony 
Published: July 2021

Background: Most patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) treated with FOLFIRINOX experience adverse events requiring dose reduction. We aimed to assess the association between relative dose intensity (RDI) and disease control in a European setting. Methods: We retrospectively included patients with advanced PA treated with three or more cycles of FOLFIRINOX between 2011 and 2018 in six French centers. We computed the cumulative single-agent RDI (csRDI) before the first reassessment for each FOLFIRINOX agent (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5FU bolus, and 5FU intravenous infusion) and the cumulative multi-drug RDI (cmRDI) of their combination. The association between RDI and disease control or objective response at first reassessment was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models controlling for performance status, liver metastases, and center. Results: We included 243 patients. Median csRDIs were 81%, 79%, 75%, and 85% for oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5FU bolus, and 5FU intravenous infusion, respectively. Median cmRDI was 80%. None of the RDIs was significantly associated with disease control or objective response. Including RDI in a clinical model did not improve its ability to predict disease control; the area under the curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73–0.85) with RDI versus 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.85) without. Similar results were observed for the objective response. Conclusion: Pragmatic dose adjustments of FOLFIRINOX should be made by oncologists without considering a loss of effect.
Intervertebral disc therapies for non-specific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daste Camille , Laclau Stéphanie , Boisson Margaux , Segretin François , Feydy Antoine , Lefèvre-Colau Marie-Martine , Rannou François , Nguyen Christelle 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: We aim to evaluate the benefits and harms of intervertebral disc therapies (IDTs) in people with non-specific chronic low back pain (NScLBP). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of IDTs versus placebo interventions, active comparators or usual care. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and CINHAL databases and conference abstracts were searched from inception to June 2020. Two independent investigators extracted data. The primary outcome was LBP intensity at short term (1 week–3 months), intermediate term (3–6 months) and long term (after 6 months). Results: Of 18 eligible trials (among 1396 citations), five assessed glucocorticoids (GCs) IDTs and were included in a quantitative synthesis; 13 assessed other products including etanercept ( n = 2), tocilizumab ( n = 1), methylene blue ( n = 2), ozone ( n = 2), chymopapaine ( n = 1), glycerol ( n = 1), stem cells ( n = 1), platelet-rich plasma ( n = 1) and recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 ( n = 2), and were included in a narrative synthesis. Standardized mean differences (95% CI) for GC IDTs for LBP intensity and activity limitations were −1.33 (−2.34; −0.32) and −0.76 (−1.85; 0.34) at short term, −2.22 (−5.34; 0.90) and −1.60 (−3.51; 0.32) at intermediate term and −1.11 (−2.91; 0.70) and −0.63 (−1.68; 0.42) at long term, respectively. Odds ratios (95% CI) for serious and minor adverse events with GC IDTs were 1.09 (0.25; 4.65) and 0.97 (0.49; 1.91). Conclusion: GC IDTs are associated with a reduction in LBP intensity at short term in people with NScLBP. Positive effects are not sustained. IDTs have no effect on activity limitations. Our conclusions are limited by high heterogeneity and a limited methodological quality across studies. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42019106336.
Differentiation of Cartilage Repair Techniques Using Texture Analysis from T2 Maps
Authors: Juras Vladimir , Szomolanyi Pavol , Janáčová Veronika , Kirner Alexandra , Angele Peter , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: July 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate texture features from T2 maps as a marker for distinguishing the maturation of repair tissue after 2 different cartilage repair procedures. Design Seventy-nine patients, after either microfracture (MFX) or matrix-associated chondrocyte transplantation (MACT), were examined on a 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner with morphological and quantitative (T2 mapping) MR sequences 2 years after surgery. Twenty-one texture features from a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were extracted. The texture feature difference between 2 repair types was assessed individually for the femoral condyle and trochlea/anterior condyle using linear regression models. The stability and reproducibility of texture features for focal cartilage were calculated using intra-observer variability and area under curve from receiver operating characteristics. Results There was no statistical significance found between MFX and MACT for T2 values ( P = 0.96). There was, however, found a statistical significance between MFX and MACT in femoral condyle in GLCM features autocorrelation ( P < 0.001), sum of squares ( P = 0.023), sum average ( P = 0.005), sum variance ( P = 0.0048), and sum entropy ( P = 0.05); and in anterior condyle/trochlea homogeneity ( P = 0.02) and dissimilarity ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Texture analysis using GLCM provides a useful extension to T2 mapping for the characterization of cartilage repair tissue by increasing its sensitivity to tissue structure. Some texture features were able to distinguish between repair tissue after different cartilage repair procedures, as repair tissue texture (and hence, probably collagen organization) 24 months after MACT more closely resembled healthy cartilage than did MFX repair tissue.