bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictions of formability parameters in tube hydroforming process
Authors: Marlapalle Bapurao G. , Hingole Rahulkumar S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to improve the bulging and minimize the thinning ratio to enhance manufacturing of components in Industries. Tube hydroforming is an advanced manufacturing technology used for making intricate and complex tubular parts which required less cycle time. This research focuses on hydroforming process, formability and process parameters design to replace the conventional tube bending, welding and cutting operations. The prediction of parameters is done by applying numerical and experimental approach. During experimentation the pressurized fluid is used to deform the tubes in a plastic deformation. In this study, two types of grade materials are used such as AISI304 and AISI409L of 57.15 mm external diameter with 1.5 mm thickness in the form of electric resistance welded tubes to measure stain path, thinning and bulge height. However, it is observed that the internal pressure and L/D ratio are effective parameters in both numerical analysis and experimentation. In axial feed condition, it is observed that 16.3% thinning in weld region and 44.6% thinning in base metal region, whereas, in fixed feed condition, it is observed that 7.7% thinning in weld region and 18.6%thinning in base metal region for L/D = 1 and L/D = 3 respectively. The numerical analysis with experimental results shows a very good match. It is seen that the axial feed leads to better formability with fixed feed condition because in axial feed condition material supplies towards the center of the bulge tube. The feasibility of the hydroforming process for manufacturing of AISI304 and AISI409L grade material as per the requirements of the industries is also checked. The maximum bulging is observed in L/D = 2 by comparing with the other ratios. This process can be effectively used for AISI304 grade material because the formability is better than AISI409L.

Article highlights

The strain path measured and predicted at necking point for ERW tube in both weld and base metal.

Thinning is measured during bulging of tube under the axial and fixed feed condition.

For L/D = 1 ratio observed strain distribution in unidirectional and L/D = 2, 3 observed in plane strain and bidirectional respectively.
A budget-constrained partial protection planning of a rail intermodal terminal network
Authors: Sarhadi Hassan , Chauhan Satyaveer S. , Verma Manish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rail-truck intermodal transportation is an essential component of freight transportation in North America, and thus, its associated infrastructure is deemed crucial for the wellbeing of the society. In this paper, a budget-constrained partial protection planning model is proposed that addresses the fortification of a rail intermodal network such that the effects of an intentional disruption are minimized. Novel solution methodologies that make use of metaheuristic approaches and a decomposition approach are proposed to solve the challenging tri-level mixed-integer mathematical model. The proposed analytical approaches are then used to solve and analyze problem instances generated using the realistic infrastructure of a major railroad operator. Finally, the computational efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approaches over the existing solution techniques in the literature are discussed and future research directions are outlined.

Article Highlights

The paper suggests partial protection of facilities together with two metaheuristic approaches to solve the model.

The proposed metaheuristic approaches are efficient in solving the model compared to the existing exact approach.

Having the option to partially protect facilities provides effective use of scarce defensive resources.
Early ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy: First symptomatic stage of ambulation - A case report
Authors: Solichin Iman , Prabowo Ido , Laras Sashia , Dwi Putra Nurmansyah Hata , Rhatomy Sholahuddin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disease, affected male at young age, progressive and deteriorating symptoms followed the age and usually died in age 20. The early sign of DMD or early ambulatory DMD appeared lately after walking age, and progressively deteriorated by the time of aging.

Case presentation:
A 9 years old boy with symptoms of waddling gait, toe walking and difficulty to climb the stairs came to our center to seek medical help. He initially walked with assistance at 18 months, but always fell down when he tried to walk for distance. No family history of developmental delay. He still has the ability to stand up after sitting on the floor and run even with the difficulty. Behavioral problem or academic achievement was according to his age. The way he did to get down the stairs, he had to sit down and the get back up when he finished. His parents’ status of economic and education is low, which brought them difficult to understand their child is in suffer.

Clinical discussion:
The diagnosis and staging of DMD are quite challenging. A consistency and knowledge to gathered all the information related to history, symptoms, and signs provided the qualified data to overcome the complexity of the case, and to managed the spectrum of the disease appropriately, thus avoid the unnecessary treatment. The symptomatic stage of DMD is distinguished by the spectrum of ambulation. The effective and efficacy of the treatment are depending on good clinical assessment of neuromuscular function. Multidisciplinary team to diagnose and manage the case was needed to create to solve the problem became easier.

Conclusion:
The early ambulatory DMD is the first symptomatic early warning signs to treat DMD. The oral corticosteroids believed could mainstay the functional outcome the upper limb, avoid severe scoliosis, and maintain the respiratory function as normal as possible. Occupational and physical therapies were proposed to maintain the good quality of life.
Does ATLS Training Work? 10-Year Follow-Up of ATLS India Program
Authors: Rattan Amulya , Gupta Amit , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma , Sangi Suresh , Bannerjee Neerja , Nambiar Radhesh , Jain Vinod , Ravi Parli , Misra Mahesh C. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Studies evaluating the efficacy of ATLS in low- and middle-income countries are limited. We followed up ATLS providers certified by the ATLS India program over a decade (2009 to 2019), aiming to measure the benefits in knowledge, skills, attitude and their attrition over time.

METHODS:
The survey instrument was developed taking a cue from published literature on ATLS and improvised using the Delphi method. Randomly selected ATLS providers were sent the survey instrument via email as a Google form, along with a statement of purpose. Results are presented descriptively.

RESULTS:
ATLS India trained 7,847 providers over the study period. 2500 providers were selected for the survery using computer-generated random number table. One thousand and thirty doctors (41.2%) responded. Improvement in knowledge (n = 1,013 [98.3%]), psychomotor skills (n = 986 [95.7%]), organizational skills (n = 998 [96.9%]), overall trauma management (n = 1,013 [98.7%]) and self-confidence (n = 939 [91%]) were reported. Majority (904 [87.8%]) started ATLS promulgation at workplace in personal capacity. These benefits lasted beyond 2 years in majority (>60%) of respondents. More than 40% reported cognitive (n = 492 [47.8%]), psychomotor (n = 433 [42%]), and organizational benefits (n = 499 [48.4%]) lasting beyond 3 years. Improvement in self-confidence, ATLS promulgation at the workplace, and retention of organizational skills were more pronounced in ATLS faculties than providers. All other benefits were found to be comparable in both sub-groups. Lack of trained staff (n = 660 [64.1%]) and attitude issues (n = 495 [48.1%]) were the major impediments in implementing ATLS at the workplace. More than a third of respondents (n = 373 [36.2%]) could enumerate one or more incidents where ATLS principles were life- or limb- saving.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cognitive, psychomotor, organizational, and affective impact of ATLS is overwhelmingly positive in the Indian scenario. Until formal trauma systems are established, ATLS remains the best hope for critically injured patients in resource-contrained settings.
A Multi-Platform Approach to Monitoring Negative Dominance for COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Information Online
Authors: Pascual-Ferrá Paola , Alperstein Neil , Barnett Daniel J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to test the appearance of negative dominance in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine-related information and activity online. We hypothesized that if negative dominance appeared, it would be a reflection of peaks in adverse events related to the vaccine, that negative content would attract more engagement on social media than other vaccine-related posts, and posts referencing adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination would have a higher average toxicity score.Methods:We collected data using Google Trends for search behavior, CrowdTangle for social media data, and Media Cloud for media stories, and compared them against the dates of key adverse events related to COVID-19. We used Communalytic to analyze the toxicity of social media posts by platform and topic.Results:While our first hypothesis was partially supported, with peaks in search behavior for image and YouTube videos driven by adverse events, we did not find negative dominance in other types of searches or patterns of attention by news media or on social media.Conclusion:We did not find evidence in our data to prove the negative dominance of adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination on social media. Future studies should corroborate these findings and, if consistent, focus on explaining why this may be the case.
COVID-19 in Patients With a Past History of Chemical War Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Iran
Authors: Emami Amir , Pezeshkian FatemehSadat , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Akbari Ali , Asadi-Pooya Ali A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19 is associated with a different presenting clinical picture or a more severe course of illness in people with a past history of chemical war injury.Methods:This is a multicenter retrospective study in Fars Province, Iran, from August 22 to October 4, 2020. People with a past history of chemical war injury and COVID-19 were studied. Two age- and sex-matched control groups, double the size of the patient group each, from the same database of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at the same time (ie, healthy controls and pseudocontrols).Results:A total of 46 people with a past history of chemical war injury, 92 healthy controls, and 92 pseudocontrols were studied. People with COVID-19 and a past history of chemical war injury had a significantly higher rate of chest pain compared with others. There were no other clinical differences between the groups. Mortality rate was 17.39%, 15.21%, and 27.17% in people with a past history of chemical war injury, the control group, and the pseudocontrol group, respectively.Conclusions:A past history of a chemical war injury does not add to the risk of COVID-19 and does not significantly modify its clinical picture either.
Place-Based Philosophical Activism on the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Alessandri Mariana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBefore the Department of Homeland Security instituted the Migrant Protection Protocols in January 2019, as many as 1,000 Central American refugees passed each day through Catholic Charities’ Humanitarian Respite Center, where they received food, clothing, a shower, toiletries, and sandwiches for the road. Sister Norma Pimentel founded the Humanitarian Respite Center in 2014 to “restore human dignity” to refugees who had been degraded and vilified during their dangerous journeys north, not least by way of their processing by the US government. Sister Norma has inspired countless people, including me, to engage with the community as a form of place-based philosophical activism, that is, of situated and engaged teaching, scholarship, and service. In this essay I read Sister Norma as a feminist pragmatist in the historical and philosophical lineage of Jane Addams, and I aim to provide an example of how a feminist-pragmatist approach can support and encourage philosophical activism in our communities. Feminist scholars can learn from feminist pragmatism the importance of “being-with,” “sympathetic understanding,” and “a larger social impulse.” Feminist pragmatism encourages academics to become place-based philosophical activists who use their teaching, research, and service in order to press for social justice.
Grace Lee Boggs's Person-Centered Education for Community-Based Change: Feminist Pragmatism, Pedagogy, and Philosophical Activism
Authors: Varner Tess 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an overview of Grace Lee Boggs's community-based and person-centered philosophy and pedagogy, highlighting how education can foster social responsibility and create democratic habits in students, better equipping them to create radical change within their communities. The essay demonstrates Boggs's commitment to philosophical-activist pedagogy and its alignment with a feminist-pragmatist approach, which emphasizes lived experience, pluralism, complexity, and equality, as well as praxis. The essay then considers how Boggs's philosophical activism can be enacted inside and outside the traditional classroom, concluding by describing an educational and activist project called Narrative 4.
Feasibility of implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in acute-care hospitals: A nationwide survey in Thailand
Authors: Rattanaumpawan Pinyo , Samanloh Surangkana , Thamlikitkul Visanu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA nationwide survey was conducted in 399 acute-care hospitals in Thailand. Most had a designated antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), but <20% had an infectious disease physician on the team. The most frequently cited challenges in ASP implementation were the increased workload, followed by a lack of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and a lack of hospital administrator concern.
Deep in the systematics of Camallanidae (Nematoda): using integrative taxonomy to better understand the phylogeny and consistency of diagnostic traits
Authors: Ailán-Choke Lorena G. , Pereira Felipe B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to conflicts between classic and molecular systematics of Camallanidae, different data types were used for the first time, to better understand the evolutionary history and taxa consistency within this family. Genetic [18S and 28S rDNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA], morphological and life history traits were used to infer phylogenies using Bayesian inference, reconstructed from separated and concatenated datasets. The consistency of tree and morphological traits was evaluated using the consistency index. Characters were mapped on the trees and the phylogenetic informativeness of genetic markers was estimated. Phylogenetic informativeness of 18S provided better resolution for outer nodes, COI for inners and 28S had an intermediate profile. New sequences for two camallanid species were obtained. Phylogenies of genetic and concatenated data largely agreed, showing more divergence in the COI dataset, due to its higher mutation rate vs stable morphology for diagnosing higher taxa. No genus sustained monophyly. The lack of autapomorphy and phylogenetic proximity supported the partition of Batrachocamallanus as synonym of Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus, which should not be considered as subgenera. Although traits of buccal capsule, male tail, habitat, host and biogeographic were highly consistent, intrinsic patterns varied according to different taxa assemblages. Morphological systematics of Camallanidae, based on buccal capsule, is artificial for certain taxa.
Distinguishing between rumination and intrusive memories in PTSD using a wearable self-tracking instrument: a proof-of-concept case study
Authors: Arendt Ida-Marie T. P. , Riisager Lisa H. G. , Larsen Jakob E. , Christiansen Thomas B. , Moeller Stine B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rumination has been shown to play a part in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but its relation to the intrusions characteristic of PTSD has mainly been investigated experimentally. This proof-of-concept case study explored the occurrence, personal experiences, and possible relation between rumination and intrusions in two PTSD patients in their daily living using a mixed method approach. A novel wearable self-tracking instrument was employed which provided fine-grained temporal resolution of observation data and could eliminate recall bias. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative data were collected on participants’ symptoms, rumination and experiences of using the self-tracking instrument. First, without distinguishing between the two phenomena, the participants tracked both for a week. After receiving psychoeducational training for distinguishing between rumination and intrusions, the differentiated phenomena were tracked for a week. Both participants reported being subjectively able to distinguish between rumination and intrusions and made observations with high adherence during the project. Data hinted at a possible temporal relation between the phenomena in line with theories posing rumination as a maladaptive coping strategy as well as an exacerbator of PTSD symptoms. However, relations to mood were inconclusive. Furthermore, by using the self-tracking instrument, participants gained a heightened awareness of the characteristics of rumination and intrusions and contextual cues for occurrence, as well as a greater sense of momentary agency. Results reveal promising prospects in using the wearable self-tracking instrument for further investigation of the relation between rumination and intrusions in the lived lives of PTSD patients, as well as potential for incorporating this method in clinical treatment.

Key learning aims

(1)
Self-tracking with the One Button Tracker is a novel symptom registration method, particularly suited for use in psychotherapeutic treatment and research.

(2)
Rumination and intrusions appear to the participants as distinct cognitive phenomena and treatment targets in PTSD.

(3)
Registering rumination and intrusions in real-time could reveal important temporal relations between them and the contexts in which they occur.

(4)
The data obtained with this self-tracking method can potentially be used as a tool in, and for the further development of psychotherapy for PTSD.
Hygrometric Control on the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary: A 28 Million Year Record From the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Canil Dante , Hyndman Roy D. , Fode Dominic 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe depth to the lithosphere‐asthenopshere boundary (LAB) provides a strong control on the temperature and strength of the lithosphere and its susceptibility to tectonic deformation. We probe the nature of the LAB by deriving the depth and source of mantle‐xenolith bearing alkaline lavas aged 28 Ma to 8 ka in the Canadian Cordillera (CC). We document a striking coincidence of the average depth of equilibration of these lavas (65 ± 5 km) with the seismically observed LAB both in the CC and in western USA, and the change in H2O storage capacity at the spinel‐garnet transition of fertile peridotite under the geothermal gradient of hot thin back arc regions. The convergence of these factors show the LAB of hot back arcs is hygrometrically controlled at this phase boundary, limiting the H2O to <150 ppm in the mantle lithosphere. Intraplate regions with a shallower LAB require more H2O and/or less fertile lithosphere.
Interplays Between Mantle Flow and Slab Pull at Subduction Zones in 3D
Authors: Guillaume B. , Funiciello F. , Faccenna C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe understanding of the interactions between subduction‐induced mantle flow and background mantle flow (being global or regional) remains incomplete despite its potential impact on subduction dynamics and associated deformation. Here we present the results of three‐dimensional laboratory models of subduction zones at the scale of the upper mantle in which we systematically vary the plate's width and trench perpendicular background mantle flow. In particular, we test different mantle flow magnitudes and directions of flow, and evaluate their impact on the slab geometry in the vertical plane, trench shape evolution, and the superficial horizontal mantle deformation. While the chosen viscosity ratio between the convective mantle and the subducting plate in our models (∼100) is favorable to the deformation of the slab through mantle displacement, we show that the geometry of the slab in the vertical plane is only marginally affected by the imposed background flow. Instead, the background flow has a larger impact on the horizontal kinematics and deformation of the trench. It reduces along‐trench variations of trench kinematics, which in turn decreases trench curvature, and it largely disturbs the pattern of mantle deformation at slab edges, inhibiting the development of toroidal cells. We also show that the thickness of the convective layer (here, the upper mantle) controls the toroidal component of the mantle flow and the length scale of trench curvature for large subduction zones.
Impacts of Urbanization, Aerodynamic Roughness, and Land Surface Processes on the Extreme Heavy Rainfall Over Chennai, India
Authors: Rajeswari J. R. , Srinivas C. V. , Yesubabu V. , Hari Prasad D. , Venkatraman B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the impacts of urban land surface processes on the extreme heavy rainfall event on December 01, 2015 over Chennai, located in north coastal Tamil Nadu, India are analyzed using convection permitting WRF simulations. A series of numerical experiments are conducted using different land cover data (USGS‐1992, NRSC‐2004, NRSC‐2015), aerodynamic roughness, and land surface models (LSM) to assess their sensitivity on the predicted rainfall. Results suggest that experiments with NRSC‐2015 with increased urban extent improved the rainfall prediction in terms of rainfall intensity and its distribution. Though temperatures, sensible heat, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increased due to urbanization in both dry and wet phases, the humidity and convective available potential energy (CAPE) reduced during the dry phase suggesting thermal convection played a secondary role in rainfall. Considerable increase of surface drag, momentum transport, wind shear, and turbulent kinetic energy is found in simulations with updated land use and roughness, which determined the location of the cyclonic circulation, convergence, and maximum precipitation. LSM sensitivity experiments indicated that while the five‐layer model substantially increased the sensible heat, temperature, and PBLH, it reduced the moisture convergence and CAPE relative to Noah and Noah‐MP thus resulting in low rainfall. The simulation with Noah‐MP enhanced the low‐level shear and convergence over other LSMs thus produced a wide spread rainfall along the coast. Our results demonstrated that the momentum transport due to urban drag played a vital role by strengthening the low‐level convergence and moist convection, which caused heavy precipitation over Chennai.