bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient D‐Xylose Hydrogenation to D‐Xylitol over a Hydrotalcite‐Supported Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticle Catalyst
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Mizugaki Tomoo , Mitsudome Takato 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hydrogenation of D‐xylose is an industrially reliable method for preparing D‐xylitol, which is a commonly consumed chemical. Herein, we report the highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of D‐xylose to D‐xylitol in water over a hydrotalcite (HT: Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16 ⋅ 4(H2O))‐supported nickel phosphide nanoparticle catalyst (nano‐Ni2P/HT). The HT support drastically increased the catalytic activity of the nano‐Ni2P, enabling D‐xylitol synthesis under mild reaction conditions. Notably, the selective hydrogenation of D‐xylose to D‐xylitol proceeded even under 1 bar of H2 or at room temperature for the first time. The nano‐Ni2P/HT catalyst also exhibited the highest activity among previously reported non‐noble metal catalysts, with a turnover number of 960. Moreover, the nano‐Ni2P/HT catalyst was reusable and applicable to a concentrated D‐xylose solution (50 wt %), demonstrating its high potential for the industrial production of D‐xylitol.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Cobalt(III) Corrole with an S‐Bound DMSO Ligand
Authors: Neuman Nicolás I. , Singha Hazari Arijit , Beerhues Julia , Doctorovich Fabio , Vaillard Santiago E. , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have synthesized a low‐spin Co(III) complex of 5,15‐bis(4‐nitrophenyl)‐10‐(2‐methylcarboxyphenyl)corrole with an S‐bound dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) ligand (1DMSO) and determined the coordination mode through X‐ray diffraction for the first time. UV‐vis‐NIR spectral data show that the DMSO ligand does not dissociate in MeCN solution, and EPR results indicate that the first oxidation is ligand centered and suggest that not only DMSO remains bound but a second apical ligand, possibly MeCN, binds to the cobalt center. Multiconfigurational wavefunction electronic structure methods (CASSCF/NEVPT2) allowed us to determine that in the neutral complex the corrole behaves as an innocent trianionic ligand and that the σ‐donor effect of the S atom determines the low‐spin configuration by raising the energy of the Co 3dz2 orbital. While DFT calculations predict a ground open‐shell singlet for both S‐bound and O‐bound DMSO variants, CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations predict a closed‐shell singlet ground state in both cases. These calculations reproduce considerably well the UV‐vis‐NIR spectrum of 1DMSO in solution, validating the closed‐shell singlet description.
The disruptive effects of pain on the early allocation of attentional resources: An attentional blink study
Authors: Jones Scott P. , Walsh Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that pain dampens attentional processes. However, much of this work has been based on higher‐order attentional tasks that involve only spatial attention. Other aspects of the process through which pain engages and holds attention are relatively understudied, in particular, temporal attention. The present set of studies explored how naturally occurring pain (i.e. acute headache) and pain‐valenced stimuli affect the ability to recall the second of two targets presented in rapid succession.MethodsAcross both experiments participants were required to indicate the presence of a predefined probe (T2) and, in the dual task, identify a target (T1). The probe (T2) was placed in three different temporal proximities (ranging from 70 to 1000 ms) following presentation of the target (T1). In Experiment 1, 36 participants completed a task that comprised a rapid stream of letters. Experiment 2 manipulated the threat value, and the complexity, of the stimuli by replacing letters with words. In the dual task condition, T1 was a word from one of four valence categories (neutral, positive, negative, pain).ResultsBeing in acute pain reduced the accuracy of identification. This reduction in performance occurred regardless of the temporal positioning of the probe, consistent with previous work that suggests pain has an overall dampening effect. Furthermore, when the valence category of the word was pain‐related, T2 accuracy performance was negatively affected.ConclusionThese findings add to the previous evidence that pain has a general dampening effect on attention and that pain‐related stimuli are difficult to disengage from.SignificancePain captures attention to allow cognate resources to be directed appropriately in response. However, the temporal effects of this attentional capture are poorly understood. Findings indicate that acute headache pain has a negative impact on participants’ performance when identifying the second of two targets presented in close temporal proximity, and that pain‐valenced stimuli exacerbate this effect. These findings demonstrate how pain affects early attention and highlights the potential role of disengagement, rather than orientation, of attention in the pain experience.
Comparison of nuclear data uncertainties with other nuclear fuel cycle uncertainty sources
Authors: Skarbeli Aris V. , de Eusebio‐Yebra Rubén , Romojaro Pablo , Álvarez‐Velarde Francisco , Cano‐Ott Daniel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryNuclear data uncertainties have proven to be crucial in many areas of nuclear science such as the reactor or isotopic calculations. Nevertheless, when it comes to fuel cycle simulations (which are nowadays including uncertainty analyses), their relevance is discussed. Although it has been reported that they have an impact on the inventories, it is not clear if their effect can be negligible when compared with uncertainties produced by other fuel cycle parameters and consequently, if nuclear data uncertainties have to be considered in the fuel cycle studies. In this work, this comparison has been addressed for an open fuel cycle. First, the nuclear data uncertainties contained in the covariance matrices have been propagated with a Monte Carlo methodology, which has been verified with an integral experiment. After that, the results have been compared with uncertainties typically taking part in fuel cycle simulations from two different perspectives: an unknown future fuel cycle with relatively large uncertainties and a past known fuel cycle with small uncertainties. Results show that even for the most conservative cases based on open fuel cycles using PWR technologies, the uncertainties due to nuclear data are larger or at least comparable to the fuel cycle uncertainties due to parameters. Henceforth, with the adoption of advanced nuclear fuel cycles using newer technologies, it is expected that nuclear data uncertainties will play even more relevance in fuel cycle analyses. With these results, it has been concluded that nuclear data cannot be disregarded in uncertainty assessments in fuel cycle studies.
PLAG1‐rearrangement in a uterine leiomyosarcoma with myxoid stroma and heterologous differentiation
Authors: Thiryayi Sakinah A. , Turashvili Gulisa , Latta Eleanor K. , Swanson David , Zhang Lei , Antonescu Cristina R. , Dickson Brendan C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA variety of molecular alterations have been reported in uterine leiomyosarcomas, but most are considered nondiagnostic. There are, however, rare exceptions including PLAG1 rearrangement which has recently been identified in a subset of myxoid leiomyosarcomas. A 41‐year‐old woman presented with symptoms of a fibroid. She underwent a myomectomy which revealed a high‐grade uterine sarcoma with areas of myxoid stroma and heterologous elements. The tumor expressed desmin, smooth muscle actin, H‐caldesmon, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. RNA sequencing revealed a novel TRIM13‐PLAG1 fusion gene which was subsequently independently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. On further evaluation the patient was found to have multiple pulmonary metastases and died due to disease progression shortly after diagnosis. This report describes a novel fusion partner of PLAG1 in a uterine leiomyosarcoma with myxoid leiomyosarcoma and heterologous elements, thereby broadening the spectrum of morphologic and genetic findings within this rare group of neoplasms.
Individual effects of four types of rotation modulation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple stress
Authors: Meghana J. , Pranesh S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effect of trigonometric sine, square, triangular, and sawtooth wave types of rotation modulation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple stress is investigated in this paper using linear and nonlinear analyses. The expression for the critical Rayleigh number and the correction Rayleigh number is deduced from the three‐mode linearized Lorenz model using the Venezian approach. The effect of rotation modulation on heat transport is studied using the generalized fifth‐order Lorenz model. The study reveals that the Taylor number stabilizes the no‐modulation system and decreases the heat transport, and this situation remains so in the presence of rotation modulation. It is found that the effect of all four types of modulation is to stabilize the system and diminish heat transport. It is also observed that the sawtooth wave type of modulation has the least diminishing effect on heat transport and the square wave type of modulation diminishes the most.
Disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow caused by prostate cancer diagnosed with only bone marrow biopsy
Authors: Wakamiya Takahito , Tamura Shinobu , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Hara Isao 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDisseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow caused by prostate cancer is a rare condition with poor prognosis. Diagnosis has mostly been by primary prostate biopsy.Case presentationA 60‐year‐old man had malaise, low platelet count (9000/μL), and high prostate‐specific antigen (1382 ng/mL). Bone marrow biopsy showed strongly positive immunostaining NKX3.1, leading to diagnosis of prostate cancer bone marrow metastasis, cT3aN1M1b. Definitive diagnosis by prostate biopsy was difficult because of the sparsity of atypical glands. He had progression to castration‐resistant prostate cancer after 3 months of hormonal therapy, and received 27 courses of docetaxel and six courses of cabazitaxel as chemotherapy, but finally died of respiratory failure 33 months after the start of treatment.ConclusionAggressive biopsy of the metastatic sites should be considered if a prostate biopsy at the primary site cannot be diagnosed definitively.
A case of estrogen‐secreting adrenocortical carcinoma: Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of disorganized steroid genesis
Authors: Yokoyama Megumi , Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Suzuki Issei , Nishihara Daisaku , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kamai Takao 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAdrenocortical carcinoma rarely secretes estrogens, and little is known regarding the mechanism of intra‐tumor estrogen production. We report an estrogen‐secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a postmenopausal woman, where comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses of the resected tumor revealed disorganized steroidogenesis.Case presentationA 68‐year‐old woman presented with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and was found to have a left adrenal tumor. Serum estradiol and testosterone were elevated but they normalized after resection of the tumor, suggestive of adrenocortical carcinoma with disorganized steroidogenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumor expressed aromatase which converts androgens into estrogens. Furthermore, the tumor lacked 17βHSD2, which converts estradiol to estrone, suggesting that estradiol accumulated as the final product of the tumor's steroidogenic pathway.ConclusionThe capability of adrenocortical carcinoma to produce estrogen can be demonstrated by comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses of steroidogenic enzymes, such as those reported here.
Two cases of delayed onset of immune‐related adverse events after discontinuation of nivolumab in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: Nakai Yasutomo , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Inoue Takako , Nawa Takatoshi , Hatano Koji , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Nagahara Akira , Nakayama Masashi , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDelayed onset of immune‐related adverse events following immune‐checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation is underrecognized because of little available evidence.Case presentationA 50‐year‐old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (Case 1) and 58‐year‐old woman with renal cell carcinoma and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis (Case 2) underwent nivolumab therapy. Case 1: Progressive disease forced nivolumab discontinuance after 18 months, and he underwent two courses of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. immune‐related adverse events of pneumonitis, hepatitis, and renal dysfunction were diagnosed 142 days after nivolumab discontinuation, and he recovered with immunosuppressive treatment. Case 2: The immune‐related adverse event of pneumonitis forced nivolumab discontinuance after 14 months, and two courses of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy were administered. The immune‐related adverse event of hepatitis was diagnosed 436 days after nivolumab discontinuation, and she recovered with immunosuppressive treatment.ConclusionTwo patients with delayed onset of immune‐related adverse events after nivolumab discontinuation were recovered with immunosuppressive treatment.
CPEB1 enhances erastin‐induced ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells by suppressing twist1 expression
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Tao , Zhang Yang , Liu Jiaqi , Song Jie , Han Yanlong , Wang Lihong , Yang Shuang , Zhu Lili , Geng Rui , Li Weimin , Yu Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe induction of ferroptosis is considered a new strategy for cancer treatment. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is a post‐transcriptional regulatory factor, whose low expression has been reported to link to the enhanced metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, to explore the role of CPEB1 in ferroptosis, GC cells with overexpressed or silenced CPEB1 expression were treated with erastin, a classic ferroptosis inducer. The results showed that erastin dose‐dependently decreased the viability of four GC cell lines (AGS, SNU‐1, Hs‐746 T, and HGC‐27), suggesting that ferroptosis could be triggered in these GC cells. Interestingly, HGC‐27 cells overexpressing CPEB1 were more sensitive to erastin, generated more lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and their glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) expression and GSH content were reduced. Contrarily, CPEB1‐silenced AGS cells were more resistant to erastin. Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating the ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma‐Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Furthermore, re‐expression of twist1 in GC cells impaired the effects of CPEB1 overexpression in presence of erastin. Additionally, similar to the in vitro results, the growth‐inhibiting effects of erastin on GC xenografted tumors were also augmented by CPEB1 overexpression in vivo. Collectively, we demonstrate that CPEB1 facilitates erastin‐induced ferroptosis by inhibiting twist1.
Pediatric Dose Selection for Therapeutic Proteins
Authors: Malik Paul R. V. , Temrikar Zaid H. , Chelle Pierre , Edginton Andrea N. , Meibohm Bernd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn selecting optimal dosing regimens in support of the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins in pediatric indications, the unique pharmacokinetic properties of this class of biologics, as well as the underlying physiologic and pathophysiologic processes and their modulation by childhood growth and development, needs to be appreciated. During drug development, first‐in‐pediatric dose selection is a capstone event in the pediatric investigation plan that relies heavily on extrapolation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from adult to pediatric populations. It is facilitated by combinations of pharmacometric approaches, including allometry, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, and population pharmacokinetic analyses, although data on reliability and qualification of some of these tools in the context of therapeutic proteins are still limited but emerging. Presented data suggest nonlinear relationships between body weight and both clearance and volume of distribution for therapeutic proteins in pediatric populations, with allometric exponents of 0.75 and 0.8, respectively. For newborns and infants (<1 year), even higher nonlinearity seems to occur. Translation of the quantitative characterization of the pediatric pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins into dosing regimens for the drug label requires compromising between precision dosing and clinical practicability, with tiered dosing algorithms based on size or age strata being the currently most frequently applied methodology.
Pediatric Drug‐Drug Interaction Evaluation: Drug, Patient Population, and Methodological Considerations
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Sinha Jaydeep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHospitalized pediatric patients and those with complex or chronic conditions treated on an outpatient basis are commonly prescribed multiple drugs, resulting in increased risk for drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). Although dedicated DDI evaluations are routinely performed in healthy adult volunteers during drug development, they are rarely performed in pediatric patients because of ethical, logistical, and methodological challenges. In the absence of pediatric DDI evaluations, adult DDI data are often extrapolated to pediatric patients. However, the magnitude of a DDI in pediatric patients may differ from adults because of age‐dependent physiological changes that can impact drug disposition or response and because of other factors related to the drug (eg, dose, formulation) and the patient population (eg, disease state, obesity). Therefore, the DDI magnitude needs to be assessed in children separately from adults, although a lack of clinical DDI data in pediatric populations makes this evaluation challenging. As a result, pediatric DDI assessment relies on the predictive performance of the pharmacometric approaches used, such as population and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Therefore, careful consideration needs to be given to adequately account for the age‐dependent physiological changes in these models to build high confidence for such untested DDI scenarios. This review article summarizes the key considerations related to the drug, patient population, and methodology, and how they can impact DDI evaluation in the pediatric population.
Understanding the Role of Pharmacometrics‐Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Pediatric Patient Management: A Case Study Using Lyv Software
Authors: Jarugula Praneeth , Scott Sarah , Ivaturi Vijay , Noack Andreas , Moffett Brady S. , Bhutta Adnan , Gobburu Jogarao V.S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPharmacometrics could play a key role in shifting pediatric pharmacotherapy from dosing for an average patient to individualizing dosing. Clinicians can have these quantitative tools at their disposal without requiring significant training through the development of clinical decision support systems with easy‐to‐use interfaces that have a back‐end analysis engine or pharmacometric model that uses extensive electronic health record data to predict an individualized dose for each patient. There has been increased development of these clinical decision support systems recently, and for these tools to make the proper breakthrough into clinical practice, it is of utmost importance to perform rigorous testing to ensure adequate predictive performance. In this article, we walk through the components of a decision support tool and the testing required to determine its robustness using an example of a decision support tool we developed for vancomycin dosing in pediatrics.
The amino acid and lipophilic profiles of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) larvae fluctuate with diapause
Authors: Tanwar Aditya K. , Kirti Jagbir S. , Kumar Sandeep , Dhillon Mukesh K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Chilo partellus (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) larvae undergoes both hibernation and estivation in India. Although, much has been done on reproductive physiological aspects, little is known about biochemical changes happening during hibernation and estivation in C. partellus. Thus, we mapped changes in amino acid and lipophilic profiles of C. partellus larvae while undergoing hibernation and estivation using high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The studies revealed higher amounts of amino acids namely, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, proline, tyrosine, and methionine in estivation, while lower in hibernation as compared with nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Furthermore, the amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine in hibernation, and threonine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine in estivation were on par with nondiapause larvae. The lipophilic compounds namely, linoleic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, and n‐pentadecanol were lower in hibernation than estivation and nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Palmitoleic acid and methyl 3‐methoxytetradecanoate contents were higher in hibernation than estivation and nondiapause, while myristic acid and lathosterol contents were higher in estivation than hibernation and nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Cholesterol content was higher, while squalene and gamma‐ergostenol were lower in hibernation and estivation as compared with nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. These findings suggest that certain amino acids may be constituents of heat‐shock proteins and help C. partellus during estivation. However, the lipophilic compounds could be helpful in maintaining development during hibernation and estivation in C. partellus.