bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedicled vascularized versus non‐vascularized bone grafts in the treatment of scaphoid non‐union: a meta‐analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Gu Jiaxiang , Liu Hongjun , Yuan Chaoqun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether pedicled vascularized bone grafts (PVBGs) are beneficial over non‐vascularized bone grafts (NVBGs) still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical results of PVBGs and NVBGs for the treatment of scaphoid non‐union.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of the published studies comparing outcomes of these two different surgical techniques for scaphoid non‐union. Outcomes of union rate, time to union, functional results and re‐operation rate were analysed.ResultsSeven studies including four randomized controlled studies and three retrospective comparative studies with 413 participants were identified fitting inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis showed that (i) union rate in PVBG groups was 1.13 times of NVBG groups (P = 0.002); (ii) the PVBG groups reached bone union significantly earlier by 1.73 weeks (P < 0.01); (iii) there was no significant difference in functional results, including active range of motion, grip strength, Mayo Wrist Score and excellent and good rate (P > 0.05); and (iv) re‐operation rate was similar between the two groups (P = 0.65).ConclusionsAlthough the PVBG technique attains higher union rate and earlier union, this radiological advantage does not bring any functional benefits. In addition, PVBGs are of greater technical difficulty and need more operation requirements. Hence, clinicians should be cautious in electing PVBGs for treating scaphoid non‐union.
Daily interventions and assessments: The effect of online self‐compassion meditation on psychological health
Authors: Li Yanjuan , Hu Yueqin , Yang Wanting , Wang Yuyin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraditional self‐compassion‐based interventions have been shown to be beneficial for improving psychological health. With the development of technology, online interventions accessible via smart phones start to emerge. The current study aimed to use daily assessments to investigate the effect of online daily self‐compassion interventions and its improvement pattern. Sixty‐five employees were recruited and completed a 4‐week study. The first week was the control period; the second week and the third week were the intervention period and the fourth week was the follow‐up period. Online self‐compassion meditation significantly improved daily self‐compassion and reduced perceived stress and emotional exhaustion, with varied changing patterns. Daily self‐compassion and perceived stress did not change in the control period, then started to increase/decline with time during the intervention period, and remained stable in the follow‐up period. Daily emotional exhaustion declined with time in the control period and remained stable in the intervention and follow‐up period. The intervention effects did not differ for individuals with different levels of trait self‐compassion. This study shows that daily online self‐compassion meditation is effective and reveals how it works. Future studies can apply this method to examine the effectiveness of other daily online interventions.
Ethics of vaccination: Should capability measures be used to inform SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination strategies?
Authors: Millar Michael R. , Gourtsoyannis Yannis , Jayakumar Angelina 
Published: April 2021

Proposals for SARS‐CoV‐2 virus vaccination priorities in the UK and in many other countries are heavily influenced by epidemiological models, which use outcome measures such as deaths or hospitalisation. Limiting the values under consideration to those attributable to the direct effects of infection has the advantage of simplifying the models and the process of decision‐making. However, the consequences of the pandemic extend beyond outcomes directly attributable to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and include restrictions on educational and work opportunities, access to services, recreational activities, affiliations and relationships with others, freedom of movement (including escaping abusive relationships), and other determinants of human experience.Capability theory gives emphasis to the freedoms that individuals have to express themselves (in doings and beings). Restrictions on freedoms restrict our capabilities. Capability theory has been used to provide a framework for the evaluation and comparison of international development approaches and in the evaluation of public health policy. There is a clustering of disadvantages associated with this pandemic that adds to pre‐existing inequalities. Much of the disadvantage engendered in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is left out when public health policy is based on a limited range of metrics. Acknowledging the impact of policy across the range of human freedoms at both a national and international level has the potential to improve policy, facilitate the mitigation of direct and indirect adverse consequences, and improve public confidence and the effectiveness of vaccine deployment strategies.
College Admission Tests and Social Responsibility
Authors: Koljatic Mladen , Silva Mónica , Sireci Stephen G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article we address the mounting criticism and rejection of standardized tests used in the selection of students for college or university education. Admission tests are being increasingly demonized in many parts of the world and many colleges and universities are dropping tests for selection purposes, claiming the tests are detrimental to fair selection. The testing industry is at the center of this criticism and is accused of maintaining, and even facilitating, the social ills associated with admissions testing, much like iconic business corporations were accused of supporting unfair labor practices in the 1990s. The response of some business corporations to those criticisms was to embrace corporate social responsibility and increase transparency and accountability in their operations. Unfortunately, such acceptance of responsibility and increased transparency have not emerged in the testing industry. We believe the legitimacy of admission tests will continue to be challenged until the testing industry adopts a new way of conducting their business to regain the goodwill of relevant stakeholders in society that so far have been largely ignored.
Ultraearly thrombolysis by an anesthesiologist in a mobile stroke unit: A prospective, controlled intervention study
Authors: Larsen Karianne , Jæger Henriette S. , Tveit Lars H. , Hov Maren R. , Thorsen Kjetil , Røislien Jo , Solyga Volker , Lund Christian G. , Bache Kristi G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute stroke treatment in mobile stroke units (MSU) is feasible and reduces time‐to‐treatment, but the optimal staffing model is unknown. We wanted to explore if integrating thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in an anesthesiologist‐based emergency medical services (EMS) reduces time‐to‐treatment and is safe.MethodsA nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, nonpregnant, stroke symptoms with onset ≤4 h. The MSU staffing is inspired by the Norwegian Helicopter Emergency Medical Services crew with an anesthesiologist, a paramedic‐nurse and a paramedic. Controls were included by conventional ambulances in the same catchment area. Primary outcome was onset‐to‐treatment time. Secondary outcomes were alarm‐to‐treatment time, thrombolytic rate and functional outcome. Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality.ResultsWe included 440 patients. MSU median (IQR) onset‐to‐treatment time was 101 (71–155) minutes versus 118 (90–176) minutes in controls, p = 0.007. MSU median (IQR) alarm‐to‐treatment time was 53 (44–65) minutes versus 74 (63–95) minutes in controls, p < 0.001. Golden hour treatment was achieved in 15.2% of the MSU patients versus 3.7% in the controls, p = 0.005. The thrombolytic rate was higher in the MSU (81% vs 59%, p = 0.001). MSU patients were more often discharged home (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.36 [1.11–5.03]). There were no other significant differences in outcomes.ConclusionsIntegrating thrombolysis of AIS in the anesthesiologist‐based EMS reduces time‐to‐treatment without negatively affecting outcomes. An MSU based on the EMS enables prehospital assessment of acute stroke in addition to other medical and traumatic emergencies and may facilitate future implementation.
Ecumenism as Encounter
Authors: Binns John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article is a personal testimony of the encounter between Orthodox and Anglican traditions in the 20th and the 21st centuries. It offers an overview of more than 40 years of experience in ecumenical work with Orthodox churches, beginning with an experience of Orthodoxy in Serbia in 1974 and a meeting with Fr Justin Popović. It continues with an account of the Fellowship of St Alban and St Sergius, which has enabled Anglicans to meet and worship with Orthodox. It concludes with a discussion of the ways in which these relationships matured after the fall of communism with the creation of the Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies in Cambridge as an example of shared theological education. The article also highlights how traditions from the East of spiritual fatherhood, the Jesus Prayer, and icons have become familiar parts of Anglican church life.
Senescent cell removal via JAG1‐NOTCH1 signalling in the epidermis
Authors: Yoshioka Hisashi , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji , Miyachi Katsuma , Ishii Yoshie , Hasebe Yuichi , Inoue Yu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Iwata Yohei , Arima Masaru , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Akamatsu Hirohiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence has pointed to the noxious effects of senescent cells in various tissues, and senescent cells in the epidermis are known to accumulate with age. We hypothesized that there is a mechanism by which senescent cells in the epidermis are preferentially removed and that the function of such removal mechanism declines as age increases. In this study, we investigated whether Notch signalling is involved in such senescent cell removal. We found that Notch1 receptor was expressed more highly in p16INK4a‐positive senescent cells than in surrounding cells in human epidermis both in young and old subjects. On the other hand, the expression of its ligand JAG1 was decreased in the epidermis of aged subjects. When normal epidermal cells and UVB‐irradiated senescent cells were mixed and three‐dimensional reconstructed epidermis was developed in vitro, the senescent cells were preferentially removed from the basal layer and located in the upper layer. We also found that the depletion of senescent cells from the basal layer was suppressed by JAG1 knockdown in normal cells or using a Notch signalling inhibitor. From these results, Notch signalling may be involved in senescent cell removal in the epidermis and the age‐related decrease of JAG1 expression in the basal layer may lead to accumulation of senescent cells owing to reduced activation of Notch signalling.
Functional categories based on cognition and activities of daily living predict all‐cause mortality in older adults with diabetes mellitus: The Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial
Authors: Omura Takuya , Tamura Yoshiaki , Sakurai Takashi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Iimuro Satoshi , Ohashi Yasuo , Ito Hideki , Araki Atsushi ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Research Group
Published: April 2021

AimAlthough the glycemic target in older diabetes patients is based on cognition, activities of daily living and multimorbidity in the Japanese guideline, evidence of the relationships is limited. Thus, we aimed to assess the relationship between functional category and mortality in older people with diabetes.MethodsWe evaluated the data of 843 older diabetes patients in a 6‐year prospective study, and the association between functional categories and all‐cause mortality. The patients were divided into three functional categories based on cognition, instrumental activities of daily living and basic activities of daily living using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and Barthel Index at baseline, respectively (model 1). Those with multimorbidity (≥4 of 8 morbidities) were classified into category III (model 2). The functional category assessed using eight items from the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and Barthel Index was also constructed (model 3). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in the Cox regression analysis using age, sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin level, total cholesterol level, estimated glomerular filtration rate and frequency of severe hypoglycemia as covariates.ResultsDuring the 6‐year follow up, 64 incident mortalities occurred. The hazard ratios for mortality in categories II and III (as the reference of category I) were 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.06–3.14, P = 0.030) and 3.05 (95% confidence interval 1.12–8.26, P = 0.029) after adjustment for covariates, respectively (model 1). Models 2 and 3 showed similar associations between functional category and mortality.ConclusionsThe functional categories predicted all‐cause mortality in older adults with diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 512–518.
Combined chronic myeloid leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in five patients, including one with 17p deletion
Authors: Armarego Michael , Gottlieb David , Dunlop Lindsay , Cooney Julian P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a series of five Australian cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) occurring concurrently with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Patient management including therapies and response together with clinical progress was obtained from medical records and laboratory information systems. Prior to CML diagnosis, all five had a preceding diagnosis of CLL. Three had received prior fludarabine. All received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). None required subsequent therapy for CLL. One patient had 17p deletion CLL and another patient had normal CLL cytogenetics. All currently have satisfactory blood counts with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for CML showing molecular response. All remain alive. Thus, such cases can be successfully managed by treating each haematological disorder in the usual manner. The control achieved in CML with the TKI enables satisfactory marrow function to recover in patients with concomitant CLL. The role for allograft in patients with dual malignancies is uncertain and needs to be individualised depending on control of each malignancy.
Estimation of genetic parameters for body areas in Nile tilapia measured by digital image analysis
Authors: Cardoso Alex Júnio da Silva , Oliveira Carlos Antonio Lopes de , Campos Eric Costa , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Assis Gutierrez José de Freitas , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDigital image analysis is a practical, non‐invasive, and relatively low‐cost tool that may assist in the evaluation of body traits in Nile tilapia, being particularly useful for assessing difficult‐to‐measure variables, such as body areas. In this study, we aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for body areas of Nile tilapia obtained by digital images. The data set comprised body weight (BW) records of 1,917 pond‐reared fish at 366 days of age. Of this total, 656 animals were photographed and subjected to image analysis of trunk area (TA), head area (HA), caudal fin area (CFA) and fillet area (FA). Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated through multiple‐trait models based on Bayesian inference. Heritability estimates for BW, TA, HA, CFA and FA were 0.25, 0.23, 0.26, 0.21 and 0.25, respectively. Genetic correlations between the traits were high and positive, ranging from 0.70 to 0.98. We highlight the genetic correlation between BW and TA (rG = 0.98) and FA (rG = 0.97). In view of the observed results, it can be concluded that trunk and fillet areas obtained by digital image analysis can lead to indirect genetic gains in weight and other body areas. In addition, the areas studied have potential as a selection criterion and may assist in studies on changes in the body shape in Nile tilapia.
Morphopathology and gill recovery of Atlantic salmon during the parasitic detachment of Margaritifera margaritifera
Authors: Castrillo Pedro A. , Varela‐Dopico Catuxa , Bermúdez Roberto , Ondina Paz , Quiroga María Isabel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the conservation aquaculture of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera, fish health has become a concern due to the need of mussel larvae (glochidia) to parasitize the salmonid gills and metamorphose into juveniles. However, there is a lack of information about the impact on fish during the juvenile detachment and the subsequent gill healing. To evaluate the morphopathological changes and gill recovery after the parasitism of M. margaritifera, 51 Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar), infested with around 22 larvae/fish g, were necropsied during the synchronized detachment of the mussel juveniles, and gills were assessed by stereomicroscopy and by light and scanning electron microscopy. Salmon showed no clinical signs during the trial and gills recovered their normal morphology almost completely in a short time, suggesting a minimal impact on fish health after glochidiosis. In this sense, the non‐erosive droplet detachment and the goblet cell hyperplasia favoured an effective gill remodelling mediated by apoptosis, polarization and cell shedding of the gill epithelia, providing insights to the defence, clearing and healing mechanisms of the gill. These morphopathological techniques could also be implemented to preserve fish welfare and to optimize the artificial breeding programmes of endangered freshwater mussels.
Family Business Restructuring: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: King David R. , Meglio Olimpia , Gomez‐Mejia Luis , Bauer Florian , De Massis Alfredo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough business restructuring occurs frequently and it is important for the prosperity of family firms across generations, research on family firms has largely evolved separately from research on business restructuring. This is a missed opportunity, since the two domains are complementary, and understanding the context, process, content, and outcome dimensions is relevant to both research streams. We address this by examining the intersection between research on business restructuring and family firms to improve our knowledge of each area and inform future research. To achieve this goal, we review and organize research across different dimensions to create an integrative framework. Building on current research, we focus on 88 studies at the intersection of family firm and business restructuring research to develop a model that identifies research needs and suggests directions for future research.
Evaluation of Venturia pyrina virulence on European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars by an in vitro methodology
Authors: Sokolova Olga , Moročko‐Bičevska Inga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEuropean pear scab caused by Venturia pyrina is a primary disease in pear‐growing areas worldwide. Growing of resistant cultivars is crucial for the long‐term control of the disease. Studies on pear resistance and virulence of the pathogen are still limited. The majority of available knowledge is based on the cultivar performance in the field. Inconsistency of cultivar resistance to V. pyrina in different regions indicates the possible presence of various biotypes of the pathogen. In this study, we assessed the virulence of seven monoconidial strains of V. pyrina originated from different regions and cultivars in Latvia and evaluated host reactions of 18 pear cultivars using artificial inoculations on detached leaves and immature fruits. All previously described interaction phenotypes ranging from immune to susceptible were recorded indicating divergent virulence of V. pyrina and different levels of resistance of the tested cultivars. Most of the pear cultivars were scored as partially resistant or susceptible. The fully compatible interactions without host tissue reactions were rare. Only cultivars ‘Conference’ and ‘Belorusskaya Pozdnaya’ were compatible with most of the strains and field populations. We used strains purposely selected from different regions, habitats and cultivars to get insight into the potential diversity of the local populations. Considerable differences in virulence among the strains and cultivar responses were detected, and each of the isolates was virulent on a different set of the cultivars, confirming the expected diversity.
Widespread lateral gene transfer among grasses
Authors: Hibdige Samuel G. S. , Raimondeau Pauline , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Dunning Luke T. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) occurs in a broad range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, occasionally promoting adaptation. LGT of functional nuclear genes has been reported among some plants, but systematic studies are needed to assess the frequency and facilitators of LGT.

We scanned the genomes of a diverse set of 17 grass species that span more than 50 Ma of divergence and include major crops to identify grass‐to‐grass protein‐coding LGT.

We identified LGTs in 13 species, with significant variation in the amount each received. Rhizomatous species acquired statistically more genes, probably because this growth habit boosts opportunities for transfer into the germline. In addition, the amount of LGT increases with phylogenetic relatedness, which might reflect genomic compatibility among close relatives facilitating successful transfers. However, genetic exchanges among highly divergent species indicates that transfers can occur across almost the entire family.

Overall, we showed that LGT is a widespread phenomenon in grasses that has moved functional genes across the grass family into domesticated and wild species alike. Successful LGTs appear to increase with both opportunity and compatibility.
Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile in hepatic cystic Echinococcosis patients with different cyst stages
Authors: Yasen Aimaiti , Li Wending , Aini Abudusalamu , Ran Bo , Jiang Tiemin , Shao Yingmei , Aji Tuerganaili , Wen Hao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aimed to investigate possible correlation between expression level of Th1/Th2/Th17‐type profile and cyst viability in the systemic and local immunity of hepatic cystic Echinococcosis (CE) patients.Methods and resultsExpression of Th1‐type interleukin (IL)‐2, interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, Th2‐type IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10 and Th17‐type IL‐17A was examined in the serum and liver samples of hepatic CE patients with different cyst stages. Compared with healthy controls, Th1/Th2/Th17‐type cytokines were significantly increased in the serum of hepatic CE patients. Moreover, expression of these cytokines was also at higher level in the inflammatory cell band of peri‐lesion liver (PL) tissues than that in the adjacent normal (AN) liver tissues. Interestingly, elevation of Th1‐type and Th17‐type cytokines was more evident in PL tissues of patients with inactive cysts. Relatively, Th2‐type cytokines were predominant in PL tissues of patients with active cysts.ConclusionOur findings provide new insights that Th1/Th2/Th2‐type cytokine profile was associated with cyst stages. In hepatic CE patients with inactive cysts, Th1 and Th17‐type cytokines were predominant. Comparatively, Th2‐type cytokines were more evident in hepatic CE patients with active cysts, which may provide basis for the immune response diversity in hepatic CE patients with different cyst stages.