bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ritual futures: Spirit mediumship as chronotopic labor
Authors: Ng Emily 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay reflects on the still‐present difficulty in approaching contemporary rural mediumship as coeval with their urban psychotherapeutic counterparts. Drawing on ethnographic work in rural Henan province in central China, I describe how both rurality and spirit mediumship have been rendered anachronistic through national imaginaries, anti‐superstition campaigns, and psychiatric discourses. The essay centers on the case of a spirit medium located in the psychiatric unit, and the social evolutionary and developmentalist temporalities condensed in her cultural psychiatric diagnosis. I then turn to the medium's ritual work and cosmological account, which invert mediumship's position in space and time. The essay approaches mediumship's rituals as a form of chronotopic labor, which reworks the spatio‐temporal coordinates they inherit from within. It closes by bringing together the conundrums of rural mediumship and those of urban psychotherapeutic and diasporic worlds, to consider psychic landscapes of dislocation, and other formulations of futures to come.
Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Durmaz Bengul , Abdulmajed Olkar , Durmaz Rıza , Koroglu Mehmet , Arı Oguz , Celik Serdal , Kalcioglu Mahmut Tayyar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in the middle ear cavity of the individuals with a healthy middle ear and the children with otitis media with effusion (OME). A total of 72 middle ear samples were collected from 25 children with OME (Group 1) and 47 individuals with no middle ear disease (Group 2). Multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of 20 different respiratory viruses. Virus results were compared with bacteriomes of the same populations. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 56% of the patients in Group 1 and 12.8% of the individuals in Group 2. The viral co‐infection rate for Group 1 and 2 was 8% and 2.1%, respectively. In Group 1, adenovirus was the most frequently detected virus with a rate of 24%, either alone (16%) or concurrent with other viruses (8%), followed by influenza B (12%), rhinovirus, and bocavirus (8%) each. Parainfluenza 4, coronavirus OC43, and RSV A/B were detected in 4% of the sample each. In Group 2, rhinovirus was detected in two samples (4.3%) followed by adenovirus, coronavirus OC43, coronavirus E299, and coronavirus NL63 with a rate of 2.1% each. The detection rate of respiratory viruses was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 11 years. There was no positive association between virus and bacteria found in the middle ear cavity. The current study has provided comprehensive data indicating the presence of diverse respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear cavity. Our results also suggest that respiratory viruses might have a contribution to OME pathogenesis.
Socioeconomic Status and Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Brody‐Camp Sabrina , McCoul Edward D. , Lefante John J. , Aslam Rizwan 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in relation to socioeconomic status.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Census Tract‐level Socioeconomic Status Database (2000–2016).MethodsPatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 were identified. Data were stratified based on socioeconomic status, divided into three groups: group 1 being the poorest and group 3 the wealthiest. Univariate analysis as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for individual variables was performed.ResultsA total of 5,527 patients were included in the study, with 33% in group 1, 34% in group 2, and 33% in group 3. There was a significant difference between groups in regard to age at diagnosis, race, histologic subtype, overall stage, tumor stage, nodal stage, and whether or not they received radiation. Patients in group 1, the poorest socioeconomic status, were more likely to be young (P = .003), black (P < .0001), present with higher overall stage (P = .009), tumor stage (P = .01), and nodal stage (P = .02), and less likely to receive radiation (P = .005). In multivariate analysis, there was a significant difference in survival between the groups, with group 1 patients less likely to survive compared to group 3 (hazard ratio = 1.28; 95% CI 1.07–1.57).ConclusionsPatients in the poorest socioeconomic status presented with more advanced nasopharyngeal cancer and were less likely to receive radiation when compared with individuals of higher socioeconomic status. The poorest socioeconomic status groups were less likely to survive from their disease when controlling for other variables.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2719–2723, 2021
Three‐Dimensional printed instruments used in a Septoplasty: A new paradigm in Surgery
Authors: Zaidi Syed , Naik Paresh , Ahmed Shahzada 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has been rapidly adopted by different surgical disciplines. It has shown itself to have improved outcomes in education, pre‐operative planning, and reconstruction. However, using 3D printing to create surgical instruments is a niche within the literature that has not yet been fully explored. The authors present a study in which it is hypothesized that 3D printing surgical instruments can be utilized successfully within ENT surgery.MethodsAs one of the most common ENT operations worldwide, a septoplasty was chosen as the procedure to provide proof of concept. For the septoplasty, five instruments were printed: a scalpel handle, needle holders, toothed forceps, a Cottle/Freer elevator, and a Killian's speculum. The entire set took 224 minutes on average to print, weighed 36 g, and only used approximately 86 pence ($1.20 USD) worth of polylactic acid plastic to create.ResultsAll steps in performing a septoplasty on a human cadaver with the 3D printed tools were possible and were undertaken successfully. This yielded a similar outcome to using stainless steel with the added benefit of there being a large reduction in cost and the ability for rapid customization according to the surgeon's preferences.ConclusionAs technology and mainstream interest in 3D printing develops, the availability of more precise Computer‐Aided Design software will allow for more complex designs of tools to be created. Currently, 3D printing has been shown to be a promising method from which future surgical tools can be fashioned to meet the complex, dynamic demands of surgery.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Contrasting fishing effort reduction and habitat connectivity as management strategies to promote alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) recovery using an ecosystem model
Authors: Dias Beatriz S. , Frisk Michael G. , Jordaan Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall pelagics, or forage fish, link lower and higher trophic levels in marine food webs. Recently, attention has been given to the management of forage fish, including anadromous river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis) and American shad (A. sapidissima) due to their current depleted status and historically important ecological and economic roles. Little is known about the impact of changes in their biomass on marine food webs and what management practices will promote their recovery. Estimated historical riverine productivity was utilized to evaluate potential ecosystem impacts of the increasing river to ocean connectivity to resemble 19th‐century conditions. The Ecopath with Ecosim modeling framework was used to simulate management strategies, focused on anadromous forage fish, by creating scenarios of fisheries reduction (mixed fishery effort reduction) and river to ocean habitat connectivity (75% of historical connectivity achieved). Sixty‐year simulations covered the entire time series including a 36‐year forecast period to evaluate the ecosystem impacts of management strategies. Results suggest nonlinear relationships and large changes in biomass flows from forage fish to upper trophic levels in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Increases in biomass were observed for pelagic sharks, demersal piscivores, and species of conservation concern such as pinnipeds and seabirds, although overall results were strongly influenced by indirect trophic effects. Promoting anadromous forage fish recovery through increased connectivity resulted in the redundancy of marine ecosystem niches that would increase resilience to climate, fisheries, and other perturbations. This study highlights the value of employing ecosystem models for testing management scenarios to contrast different approaches to recover anadromous forage fish towards its former ecological prominence.
Real‐Time Spectral Evolution of Interchain Coupling and Assembling during Solvent Vapor Annealing of Dispersed Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Chou He‐Chun , Hsu Wei‐Chieh , Yang Yajing , Schanze Kirk S. , Luo Shyh‐Chyang , Chen Chi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolvent vapor annealing (SVA) for polymer treatment is widely used for manufacturing organic photovoltaic devices, but the process is poorly understood on the microscopic scale. In this study, an optical monitoring system is designed and used to perform real‐time fluorescence analysis of dispersed poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and para‐phenylene ethynylene (PPE) films during SVA. The initial swelling of aggregates occurs within seconds. Chain rearrangements then occur and an equilibrium state is reached within minutes. Surface morphologies for both P3HT and PPE polymers are examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after the SVA process. Although similar transformations from random globules to micrometer‐scale nanowires are observed for both polymers, P3HT forms nanowires more easily and quickly than PPE does. The higher solubility of P3HT in chloroform results in superior long‐range order; by contrast, PPE chains align into nanowires only with sufficient free space. Real‐time spectroscopic monitoring of structures and morphological characterization of such structures through AFM during SVA can improve the understanding of how polymer chains rearrange into ordered structures.
Learn Intestinal Failure Tele‐ECHO Project: An innovative online telementoring and case‐based learning clinic
Authors: Winkler Marion F. , Tappenden Kelly A. , Spangenburg Michelle , Iyer Kishore 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntestinal failure (IF) is a rare chronic disease requiring intravenous (IV) fluids or parenteral nutrition (PN) dependency for optimal patient health and sustenance. The complex care is best managed by specialized multidisciplinary teams. Patients who have limited access to intestinal rehabilitation centers often receive IV/PN care from clinicians lacking specialty expertise. An innovative videoconferencing project was launched in May 2019 to provide online telementoring and case‐based learning in IF. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was adopted to provide education and virtual support via the Learn Intestinal Failure Tele‐ECHO (LIFT‐ECHO) project. Online clinics include patient case presentations, moderated discussion, best‐practice recommendations, and didactic continuing education lectures on IF‐ and PN‐related topics. Participation is interprofessional and international. Via knowledge dissemination and specialty mentorship, LIFT‐ECHO is expected to improve healthcare for patients with IF and transform care delivery by overcoming the limitations in access to expertise.
A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss
Authors: Batsis John A. , Apolzan John W. , Bagley Pamela J. , Blunt Heather B. , Divan Vidita , Gill Sonia , Golden Angela , Gundumraj Shalini , Heymsfield Steven B. , Kahan Scott , Kopatsis Katherine , Port Ava , Parks Elizabeth Prout , Reilly Clifford A. , Rubino Domenica , Saunders Katherine H. , Shean Ryan , Tabaza Luai , Stanley Abishek , Tchang Beverly G. , Gundumraj Shivani , Kidambi Srividya 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDietary supplements and alternative therapies are commercialized as a panacea for obesity/weight gain as a result of the minimal regulatory requirements in demonstrating efficacy. These products may indirectly undermine the value of guideline‐driven obesity treatments. Included in this study is a systematic review of the literature of purported dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss in participants aged ≥18 years. Searches of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase (Ovid) were conducted. Risk of bias and results were summarized qualitatively.ResultsOf the 20,504 citations retrieved in the database search, 1,743 full‐text articles were reviewed, 315 of which were randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of 14 purported dietary supplements, therapies, or a combination thereof. Risk of bias and sufficiency of data varied widely. Few studies (n = 52 [16.5%]) were classified as low risk and sufficient to support efficacy. Of these, only 16 (31%) noted significant pre/post intergroup differences in weight (range: 0.3‐4.93 kg).ConclusionsDietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss have a limited high‐quality evidence base of efficacy. Practitioners and patients should be aware of the scientific evidence of claims before recommending use.
Dietary supplements and alternative therapies for obesity: A Perspective from The Obesity Society’s Clinical Committee
Authors: Kidambi Srividya , Batsis John A. , Donahoo William T. , Jastreboff Ania M. , Kahan Scott , Saunders Katherine H. , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this Perspective Statement from The Obesity Society, the Clinical Committee discusses the use of weight loss supplements in the United States and the lack of regulatory oversight and rigorous testing of their efficacy and safety. A number of products and services claiming to promote weight loss are directly marketed to individuals with obesity and those wanting to lose weight. These products are not regulated as “drugs” by the Federal Drug Administration but, rather, are treated as dietary supplements if ingredients are “generally regarded as safe,” requiring little or no testing to show efficacy or safety. Health care providers should be aware of the lack of evidence and deficiencies in regulatory oversight of dietary supplements marketed for weight loss. Regulatory authorities should protect consumers by ensuring accurate and safe marketing claims and preventing promotion of unproven and potentially unsafe products and claims.
Knowledge and attitudes regarding non‐invasive prenatal testing among women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawazeer Shahad , AlSayed Moeenaldeen , Kurdi Wesam , Balobaid Ameera 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore women's knowledge and attitudes regarding NIPT, its implications, the factors affecting their decision to undergo the test and actions taken following a positive result.MethodsIn this descriptive study, women who were offered NIPT through the foetal maternal clinic, were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire about NIPT. The questionnaire consisted of 29 statements and covered four areas: demographics, knowledge, attitudes and decision‐making.ResultsA total of 150 women who were offered NIPT participated in this study. The results showed that generally women had poor knowledge of critical aspects of NIPT. This included the conditions tested for, the implications of the test and its limitations. Over 90% of women were in favour of NIPT and it being offered to all women of advanced maternal age while 66% of the tested women agreed to having confirmatory invasive testing in the case of a positive result.ConclusionThis study shows that the acceptance rate for NIPT is high despite incomplete understanding of the benefits and limitations of the test. The study findings support the need for education regarding this test through dedicated genetic counselling sessions in order to ensure that an informed decision can be made.
Screening for distress and needs: Findings from a multinational validation of the Adolescent and Young Adult Psycho‐Oncology Screening Tool with newly diagnosed patients
Authors: Patterson Pandora , D'Agostino Norma M. , McDonald Fiona E. J. , Church Terry David , Costa Daniel S. J. , Rae Charlene S. , Siegel Stuart E. , Hu James , Bibby Helen , Stark Dan P. ,   International AYA Cancer Distress Screening Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer commonly experience elevated psychological distress and need appropriate detection and management of the psychosocial impact of their illness and treatment. This paper describes the multinational validation of the Distress Thermometer (DT) for AYAs recently diagnosed with cancer and the relationship between distress and patient concerns on the AYA‐Needs Assessment (AYA‐NA).MethodsAYA patients (N = 288; 15–29 years, Mage = 21.5 years, SDage = 3.8) from Australia (n = 111), Canada (n = 67), the UK (n = 85) and the USA (n = 25) completed the DT, AYA‐NA, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and demographic measures within 3 months of diagnosis. Using the HADS as a criterion, receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to determine the optimal cut‐off score and meet the acceptable level of 0.70 for sensitivity and specificity. Correlations between the DT and HADS scores, prevalence of distress and AYA‐NA scores were reported.ResultsThe DT correlated strongly with the HADS‐Total, providing construct validity evidence (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). A score of 5 resulted in the best clinical screening cut‐off on the DT (sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 75%, Youden Index = 0.57). Forty‐two percent of AYAs scored at or above 5. ‘Loss of meaning or purpose’ was the AYA‐NA item most likely to differentiate distressed AYAs.ConclusionsThe DT is a valid distress screening instrument for AYAs with cancer. The AYA‐POST (DT and AYA‐NA) provides clinicians with a critical tool to assess the psychosocial well‐being of this group, allowing for the provision of personalised support and care responsive to individuals' specific needs and concerns.
Electronic and thermo‐physical properties of double antiperovskites X6SOA2 (X = Na, K and A = Cl, Br, I): A non‐toxic and efficient energy storage materials
Authors: Rani Upasana , Kamlesh Peeyush Kumar , Agarwal Rohit , Kumari Jyoti , Verma Ajay Singh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have explored the structural, electronic and transport parameters of cubic double antiperovskite structure X6SOA2 (X = Na, K and A = Cl, Br, I) using density functional theory followed by the solution of Boltzmann transport equation with constant relaxation time approximation. The exchange and correlation potential are described by the PBE‐GGA; the Becke‐Johnson approach modified by Tran and Blaha (TB‐mBJ) has been used to model the exchange‐correlation potential. Band gap of these materials have been found in between 2.85–4.24 eV. Thermoelectric properties have been computed at 300, 600 and 900 K. It has been found that figure of merit of double antiperovskite materials approaches to unity in both n‐ and p‐type regions. Hence these materials may turn out to be potential thermoelectric candidates. As these properties of the titled compounds have been explored for the very first time, hence, this work may open a new panorama for various detailed experimental and theoretical studies in the quest for non‐toxic, environmentally safe, and efficient energy sources.
Daporinad in vitro metabolite profiling via rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomes by liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Qu Shan‐Dan , Liu Guang‐Xuan 
Published: June 2021

RationaleDaporinad is a novel and potent inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities. We aimed to explore the metabolites of daporinad generated from liver microsomes and to propose metabolic pathways.MethodsThe metabolites were generated by individually incubating daporinad (10 μM) with liver microsomes at 37°C for 60 min. The metabolites were identified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐Orbitrap‐MS) using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. They were deduced by accurate MS and MS/MS data.ResultsIn total, 16 metabolites were found and their identities were characterized. In rat, dog and human, they were minor; in monkey, M11 was the most abundant. Daporinad was metabolized mainly through N‐dealkylation, amide hydrolysis, hydrogenation, oxygenation and dehydrogenation. There was no human‐specific metabolite.ConclusionsThe current study provided an overview of the metabolism of daporinad, which is helpful in predicting in vivo metabolites and in selecting animal species for toxicology studies.
Event‐triggered finite‐time H∞ output tracking control of switched systems with round‐robin protocol and its applications
Authors: Ren Hangli , Zong Guangdeng , Shi Kaibo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the finite‐time H∞ output tracking control problem is addressed for the networked switched systems. A hybrid event‐triggered scheme is introduced to reduce the network transmission overload. A round‐robin communication protocol is structured to determine the access rights of the sensor and alleviate the bandwidth pressure as well. Sufficient criteria for finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop systems with asynchronous switching characteristics are derived by resorting to a double‐mode dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. Finally, an application example of the buck‐boost converter circuit model is demonstrated to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed methods.
Glucose Oxidase Induces Mobilization of Long-Term Repopulating Hematopoietic Cells in Mice
Authors: So Han-Sol , Kim Min-Guk , Lee Jeong-Chae , Kook Sung-Ho 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) mobilized to peripheral blood, rather than those remaining in the bone marrow (BM), are commonly used as stem cell source in the clinic. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are suggested as mediator of HSPC mobilization, we examined the impacts of glucose oxidase (GO) on peripheral mobilization of BM HSPCs and the associated mechanisms. Intravenous injection of GO induced HSPC mobilization even by single treatment, and the GO-mobilized cells maintained their long-term reconstituting and differentiating potentials in conditioned recipients. GO-injected mice lived a normal life without adverse effects such as stem cell senescence, hematopoietic disorders, and blood parameter alteration. The mobilization effect of GO was even evident in animal models showing poor mobilization, such as old, 5-fluorouracil-treated, or alendronate-treated mice. Importantly, combined injection of GO with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and/or AMD3100 enhanced more greatly HSPC mobilization than did G-CSF, AMD3100, or both. The GO-stimulated HSPC mobilization was almost completely attenuated by N -acetyl-L-cysteine treatment. Collectively, our results not only highlight the potential role of GO in HSPC mobilization via ROS signaling, but also provide a GO-based new strategy to improve HSPC mobilization in poorly mobilizing allogeneic or autologous donors via combination with G-CSF and/or AMD3100.