bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-sensitive amplification based on gradient Er:PPLN
Authors: Galutskiy V V , Puzanovskiy K V , Shmargilov S A , Stroganova E V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present research focuses on the study of the phase-sensitive amplification based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) made from gradient Er doped lithium niobate. It is shown that the presence of a growing Er gradient increases the gain while maintaining phase sensitivity to the input signal.
Study of characteristics of LEDs based on InGaN/GaN quantum wells under short electric impacts accompanied by joule heating
Authors: Ivanov A M , Klochkov A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Results are presented of a study of commercial blue and UV light-emitting diodes based on structures with InGaN/GaN quantum wells. An accelerated aging was provided by currents of 80 – 190 mA under a forward bias with duration not exceeding 3 h. The study demonstrated the possible rise in the external quantum efficiency by 20% relative to that in the starting samples. The possible physical mechanisms responsible for the rise in the quantum efficiency and for the formation of a low-frequency current noise are presented.
Influence of AlN/GaN interfacial non-idealities on the properties of two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Arteev D S , Sakharov A V , Lundin W V , Zavarin E E , Tsatsulnikov A F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The influence of two types of AlN/GaN interfacial non-idealities, namely unintentional Ga incorporation into AlN spacer and blurring of the spacer due to Al and/or Ga atomic diffusion on the mobility and density of two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure was studied theoretically. It was found that moderate amount of GaN in the nominal AlN spacer does not affect much the mobility and density of 2DEG as long as the interface is abrupt. In contrast, the blurring of AlN/GaN interface was found to have a significant impact on the mobility and sheet resistance of the structure since the GaN channel actually becomes AlGaN and alloy-disorder scattering takes place.
Direct Numerical Simulation of separated turbulent flow in axisymmetric diffuser
Authors: Stabnikov A S , Kolmogorov D K , Garbaruk A V , Menter F R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the separated flow in axisymmetric CS0 diffuser is conducted. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data of Driver and substantially supplement them. Along with other data, eddy viscosity extracted from performed DNS could be used for RANS turbulence model improvement.
Analysis of the applicability of the one-dimensional model for calculating thermal and thermoelectric processes in anisotropic bismuth thermoelements
Authors: Popov P A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of the temperature and electric potential numerical simulation in the model of an anisotropic thermoelement under thermal action typical for the experimental conditions on shock tubes are presented. The influence of the thermal conductivity anisotropy on the temperature distribution and the generated thermoelectric power is analysed. The results of solving the inverse problem - determining the heat flux from the calculated thermoelectric power are presented. The errors in calculating the heat flux on the basis of the one-dimensional model have been determined.
Modeling of weak shock waves propagation in aqueous foam layer
Authors: Bolotnova R Kh , Gainullina E F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dynamics of low-intensity air shock waves in the shock tube containing an aqueous foam layer is theoretically investigated. Modeling of studied process is carried out using two-phase model of aqueous foam developed by the authors in single-pressure, single-speed and two-temperature approximations. The model takes into account the Ranz-Marshall interphase contact heat transfer, effective Herschel-Bulkley viscosity, which describes foam behavior as a non-Newtonian fluid, and elastic properties of aqueous foam under a weak shock impaction without destruction of foam structure. Properties of air and water as the foam components are described by realistic equations of state. Computer implementation of the aqueous foam model is carried out in the solver, developed by the authors in OpenFOAM software. The influence of aqueous foam viscoelastic properties on the intensity and structure of a shock wave has been investigated. When analyzing the obtained solutions, reliability of the proposed model and method of numerical modeling is estimated by comparative analysis of the found solutions and literature experimental data.
Electronic structure of thermally oxidized tungsten
Authors: Timoshnev S N , Dementev P A , Dementeva E V , Lapushkin M N , Smirnov D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The electronic structure of thermally oxidized tungsten used as an emitter in thermal ionization of organic molecules is studied. Tungsten foil was thermally oxidized at oxygen pressure 1 Torr and temperature 950 K. The photoemission spectra from the valence band and O 2s and W 4f core levels are studied under synchrotron excitation with the photon energies 100 ÷ 600 eV. It is shown that thermal oxidation of tungsten leads to the formation in the W near-surface region various tungsten oxides with an oxidation state from 6+ to 4+. In this case, mainly tungsten oxides with an oxidation state of 6+ are formed on the surface, the proportion of which gradually decreases with distance from the surface with an increase in tungsten oxides with an oxidation state of 4+.
Effectiveness of Banana Trunk as Protection Wall from High Velocity Shrapnel During Detonation of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)
Authors: Othman Abdul Rashid , Hilmi Ahmad Humaizi , Hamid Asna Rasyidah Abdul , Jun Wong Xian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is to investigate banana trunk fibre to be constructed alternatively for the sand bag and high energy absorption. The aim of this study also for enhancing method of absorption velocity shrapnel during detonated of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO), Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) and Improvise Explosive Device (IED). The study involved blast test which is providing high energy impact based on the amount of explosive used. Type of explosive were used are Emulex 180 with velocity of detonation 4500m/s to 5700m/s, Explosive energy 4.17 MJ/kg, density 1.13g/cc to 1.21g/cc and initiation were used are No. 8 Detonator. The structure of specimen is analysed using Stereo Microscope Image Analyser (35x zoom) which is an optical instrument that can observe the structure of the fragments (banana fibre) after blast test. Results shows that banana trunk can become a protection wall as it can absorb the impact of blast from explosion.
Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Bupesh Raja V.K , Raja Ignatius , Kavvampally Rahul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.
Vibration Control of Semi-Active Suspension System using Modified Skyhook with Advanced Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Talib M H Ab , Mat Darus I Z , Yatim H M , Hadi M S , Shaharuddin N M R , Mazali I I , Ardani M I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The semi-active suspension (SAS) system is a partial suspension device used in the vehicle system to improve the ride comfort and road handling. Due to the high non-linearity of the road profile disturbances plus uncertainties derived from vehicle dynamics, a conventional Skyhook controller is not deemed enough for the vehicle system to improve the performance. A major problem of the implementation of the controller is to optimize a proper parameter as this is an important element in demanding a good controller response. An advanced Firefly Algorithm (AFA) integrated with the modified skyhook (MSky) is proposed to enhance the robustness of the system and thus able to improve the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, the controller scheme to be known as MSky-AFA was validated via MATLAB simulation environment. A different optimizer based on the original firefly algorithm (FA) is also studied in order to compute the parameter of the MSky controller. This control scheme to be known as MSky-FA was evaluated and compared to the proposed MSky-AFA as well as the passive suspension control. The results clearly exhibit more superior and better response of the MSky-AFA in reducing the body acceleration and displacement amplitude in comparison to the MSky-FA and passive counterparts for a sinusoidal road profile condition.
Accuracy and Convergence Analysis of uFA-FastSLAM for Robot and Landmarks Position Estimation
Authors: Musridho R J , Hasan H , Haron H , Gusman D , Mohammad M A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn autonomous mobile robots, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a demanding and vital topic. One of two primary solutions of SLAM problem is FastSLAM. In terms of accuracy and convergence, FastSLAM is known to degenerate over time. Previous work has hybridized FastSLAM with a modified Firefly Algorithm (FA), called unranked Firefly Algorithm (uFA), to optimize the accuracy and convergence of the robot and landmarks position estimation. However, it has not shown the performance of the accuracy and convergence. Therefore, this work is done to present both mentioned performances of FastSLAM and uFA-FastSLAM to see which one is better. The result of the experiment shows that uFA-FastSLAM has successfully improved the accuracy (in other words, reduced estimation error) and the convergence consistency of FastSLAM. The proposed uFA-FastSLAM is superior compared to conventional FastSLAM in estimation of landmarks position and robot position with 3.30 percent and 7.83 percent in terms of accuracy model respectively. Furthermore, the proposed uFA-FastSLAM also exhibits better performances compared to FastSLAM in terms of convergence consistency by 93.49 percent and 94.20 percent for estimation of landmarks position and robot position respectively.
A Novel Multiple Person Pose Estimation Optimization Model Utilizing Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ding Lei , Zhou Kai Qing , Feng Li Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For traditional human pose estimation models rely on a large amount of human body feature information, this paper proposes an optimization model using genetic algorithm to solve the problem of multiple person body part assembly. Different from other human body parts assembly method. The method proposed in this paper depends on the joints position information, namely the sum of the connection distances between the joints as the objective function, and finds the optimal value to obtain the best human pose assembly information. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional OpenPose model, the model proposed in this paper can obtain the same human skeleton using less position information.
Jaya Algorithm for Optimization of Cooling Slope Casting Process Parameters
Authors: Said Rahaini Mohd , Sallehuddin Roselina , Radzi Nor Haizan Mohd , Kamal Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study proposed the Jaya algorithm to estimate an improved value of billet performance through the cooling casting process. Jaya algorithm is a recent evolution-based algorithm that simulates using stochastic behaviour. The algorithm concept is the solution obtained for a given problem should move towards the best solution and should avoid the worst solution. This algorithm requires only the common control parameters and does not require any algorithm specific control parameters. To the best our knowledge, Jaya algorithm is not yet been used computational approach for optimization practice, particularly in the Cooling casting process. Three Cooling slope parameters process that influences the billet performance measurements, a maximum degree of sphericity and minimum grain size are pouring temperature, slanting angle, and travelling distance. The results show that the Jaya algorithm gave a better optimal solution for the maximum degree of sphericity and minimum particle size than experimental data.
A Study of University Website Content Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mohd Sharul H R , Nor Azman I , Mohd Su Elya M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A university website is a gateway to the institution’s information, products, and services. As websites grow into millions in numbers, it is essential to ensure that the content reflects the needs of its students, staff, and other academic institution as their primary users. This research investigates the development of a new framework that uses machine learning techniques based on webometrics and web usability to classify the web pages of academic websites automatically. The framework briefly introduced how it can help classify web content and eliminate unrelated content and reduce storage space. The findings can also be used to analyse other web-based data to give additional insights that may be beneficial for webometrics studies and identify university website’ characteristics.
Alternative Route for Biodiesel Synthesis with Co-Production of Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Ilham Zul , Saka Shiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As an alternative route from the conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production, the supercritical dimethyl carbonate method had been proven to successfully produce biodiesel with the co-production of glycerol carbonate in a one-step and two-step non-catalytic methods. Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained were high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method and satisfy the international standards for use as biodiesel in engines. In this paper, key parameters for the processes such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties were discussed. The optimized condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method is at 300°C/20MPa/20min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil with a satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4wt%. The extensive approach in this study is very important to complement mathematical model for optimization in the literatures, and to ensure that only high-quality biodiesel could be produced by supercritical dimethyl carbonate method under an optimized condition.
SMAW: The Effects of Currents and Welding Rod Diameters on Welded Joint Ultimate Tensile Strength Using the Full Factorial DOE
Authors: Mohd-Lair Noor Ajian , Yuyut Yuselley , Ahmad Zabidi , Tahir Abdullah Mohd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter on SMAW welded join. The Mild Steel (AISI 1018) was used as the base material to be welded using the E-6013 welding rod. The experiment was constructed according to the full factorial design of experiment (DOE). This project found that the current and rod diameter are the significant factors in affecting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). New contribution from this research was that the rod diameter is more significant than the current in affecting the UTS of a welded joint. In addition, this research also contributed new finding by showing that the interaction between current and rod diameter as significant in affecting the UTS. This interaction was also found to be more significant that current but less significant than rod diameter in affecting the UTS of welded joint. In addition, this research showed that the tensile strength increases when the current is increased from 80A to 100A. However, the tensile strength decreased as the current is set between 110A to 130A. At the same time, the welding rod diameter of 2.5mm produced the highest tensile strength compared to 3.2mm and 4.0mm rod diameter. This research also optimised the experiment and found that the highest tensile strength obtained is 342.39 MPa, which is produced using 80A of welding current with 2.5mm rod diameter.
Novel Pneumatic System for Lime Dosage in Water Treatment Application
Authors: Othman Farid , Abdullah Nur Azam , Sulaeman Erwin , Khan Sher Afghan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new pneumatic mechanism for lime dosage in water treatment application. Conventionally, current water treatment system technologies utilising pump system, which requires scheduling maintenance of operation to avoid choke problem due to scaling development. The choke formation depends on the lime dosage concentration, which will be based on the time of operations. Technically, the pneumatic system uses such a hydraulic mechanism consisting of fluid, especially liquid oil, to operate, requiring higher maintenance costs. Based on these arguments, this research investigates the potential of replacing the pump system with an air pneumatic system for water treatment. For that reason, this study proposed a new design of pneumatic mechanism as the alternative solution for pump system. Several analyses have been performed from fluid mechanics to study the water treatment plant flow rate that could be competitive with the conventional pump system.
Investigation of Single Fibre Tensile Properties of the Pineapple Leaf (PALF)
Authors: Mohd Rizal Muhammad Zuhair , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, natural fibres composite is rigorously explored as alternative fibres due to the source depletion of petroleum. This research was focusing on pineapple leaf (PALF). The purpose of this research was to study the single fibre tensile properties of PALF. The single fibre tensile test was conducted via the universal testing machine following ASTM D3379 – 89 standards. The result shows that the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Young’s Modulus of PALF were 141.093 MPa and 89.073 MPa, respectively. This research’s benefits include reducing agriculture waste of pineapple leaf, which is commonly being thrown out by the farmers when the fruits are harvested. It focuses not only on waste reduction but also on economic factors when other industries fully utilise the pineapple leaf.
Microsleep Accident Prevention for SMART Vehicle via Image Processing Integrated with Artificial Intelligent
Authors: Zaleha S H , Abdul Wahab Nur Haliza , Ithnin Norafida , Ahmad Johana , Zakaria Noor Hidayah , Okereke Chinonso , Nuraini Huda A K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Number of accidents caused by microsleep increases rapidly each day. This is due to the current trend of life, for example high workload, long working hours, traffic jams, having too much caffeine, drinking alcohol, age factor, and many others. This microsleep can lead to major accidents, higher number of deaths, injuries, demolition of property and permanent disability. The creation of SMART Vehicles in the Internet of Things (IoT) increases the technology capabilities in transportation sectors, in addition to reduce the number of crashes on the roads. An integration with Artificial Intelligent (AI) can be a perfect combination on development of a microsleep detection and prevention. While the image processing will be used as the method of detecting the face changes from normal to microsleep symptoms on detecting the eye degree, the head motion and the mouth yawning. This work presented a review of current research that supported the integration of IoT and AI. The analysis and discussion on the best solution and method to prevent microsleep accidents was shown. Lastly, recommendation on development of real sensors for SMART Vehicles will be discussed. A preliminary result on this work also will be shown.
Parameter Design for Group Method Data Handling (GMDH) using Taguchi in Software Effort Estimation
Authors: Arbain Siti Hajar , Mustaffa N H , Ali N A , Jawawi D N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, the use of data-driven models is becoming increasingly impactful but has proven to offer best prediction with less knowledge of the geological, hydrological, and physical process behaviour and criteria. A Group Data Handling Model (GMDH) is one of the sub-model common neural network data driven. It was first developed for complex systems with a modelling and recognition algorithm. GMDH is known as a self-organizing heuristic modelling approach. For solving modelling issues involving multiple inputs to single output data, it is very successful. While the GMDH model has been implemented in many modelling fields, some modifications in terms of parameter design have been given little attention. In other respects, Dr. Genichi Taguchi suggested that the Taguchi method for improving the process or product design with the help of significant parameter levels that influence the delivery of the product. In this paper, we evaluated the behaviour of GMDH model based on numbers of neuron per layer, hidden layer, alpha, and train ratio parameters using Taguchi method. Cocomo and Kemerer datasets are used to test our hypothesized scenarios. The result shows that number of neurons, layer and train ratio are the important parameters that affects the performance of the GMDH model.
Phase Transformation and Microstructure Characterization of Ceramic Porcelain with Different Ratio of Treated Fgd Sludge/Feldspar
Authors: Alias Suffi Irni , Johar Banjuraizah , Adam Syed Nuzul Fadzli , Taib Mustaffa Ali Azhar , Othman Fatin Fatini , Fhan Khor Shing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The porcelain formulation containing percentages of treated FGD sludge waste from 5% up to 15% in replacement of feldspar were prepared. The porcelain mixture formulation were mixed by high energy planatery mill at speed 300 rpm for 1 hours. The powder were compacted by using hydraulic press and sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescene (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DCS). The primary effect concerning the addition of treated FGD sludge was the change of intensity composition (gypsum and anhydrate) in porcelain formulation. The XRD analysis has shown that the main component in sludge waste were gypsum and anhydrate.