bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A big data analysis of Twitter data during premier league matches: do tweets contain information valuable for in-play forecasting of goals in football?
Authors: Wunderlich Fabian , Memmert Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData-related analysis in football increasingly benefits from Big Data approaches and machine learning methods. One relevant application of data analysis in football is forecasting, which relies on understanding and accurately modelling the process of a match. The present paper tackles two neglected facets of forecasting in football: Forecasts on the total number of goals and in-play forecasting (forecasts based on within-match information). Sentiment analysis techniques were used to extract the information reflected in almost two million tweets from more than 400 Premier League matches. By means of wordclouds and timely analysis of several tweet-based features, the Twitter communication over the full course of matches and shortly before and after goals was visualized and systematically analysed. Moreover, several forecasting models including a random forest model have been used to obtain in-play forecasts. Results suggest that in-play forecasting of goals is highly challenging, and in-play information does not improve forecasting accuracy. An additional analysis of goals from more than 30,000 matches from the main European football leagues supports the notion that the predictive value of in-play information is highly limited compared to pre-game information. This is a relevant result for coaches, match analysts and broadcasters who should not overestimate the value of in-play information. The present study also sheds light on how the perception and behaviour of Twitter users change over the course of a football match. A main result is that the sentiment of Twitter users decreases when the match progresses, which might be caused by an unjustified high expectation of football fans before the match.
Fuglede’s theorem in generalized Orlicz–Sobolev spaces
Authors: Juusti Jonne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show that Orlicz–Sobolev spaces $$W^{1,\varphi }(\varOmega )$$

W

1
,
φ

(
Ω
)

can be characterized with the ACL- and ACC-characterizations. ACL stands for absolutely continuous on lines and ACC for absolutely continuous on curves. Our results hold under the assumptions that $$C^1(\varOmega )$$

C
1

(
Ω
)

functions are dense in $$W^{1,\varphi }(\varOmega )$$

W

1
,
φ

(
Ω
)

, and $$\varphi (x,\beta ) \ge 1$$

φ
(
x
,
β
)
≥
1

for some $$\beta > 0$$

β
>
0

and almost every $$x \in \varOmega $$

x
∈
Ω

. The results are new even in the special cases of Orlicz and double phase growth.
Locomotion and searching behaviour in the honey bee larva depend on nursing interaction
Authors: Vázquez Diego E. , Farina Walter M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough honey bee brood does not need to seek shelter or food and restricts its movements to small wax cells, larvae have some degree of motility. Previously, other studies described how honey bee larvae showed analogous behaviours to the wandering period in holometabolous insects. The current research aimed to measure locomotion of the honey bee brood at different conditions of food supply and larval stadia. Besides, we developed an actometry assay to describe the larval behaviour under laboratory conditions. Our results suggested that the satiety and developmental program of larvae modulated their locomotion. Before they pupated, larval speed increased sharply and then it dropped until quiescence. However, starvation also induced an increase in angular velocity of brood. Starved larvae were between three and five times faster than the satiated ones. Moreover, fifth instars left their wax cells after 2 h of starvation without nurse bees. In the actometry assay, larvae showed behaviours of dispersion and changes in their kinematic parameters after detecting a tactile stimulus like the edge of arenas.
The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of redressing differential attainment related to race/ethnicity in medical schools
Authors: Fyfe Molly , Horsburgh Jo , Blitz Julia , Chiavaroli Neville , Kumar Sonia , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Systematic and structural inequities in power and privilege create differential attainment whereby differences in average levels of performance are observed between students from different socio-demographic groups. This paper reviews the international evidence on differential attainment related to ethnicity/race in medical school, drawing together the key messages from research to date to provide guidance for educators to operationalize and enact change and identify areas for further research. Methods Authors first identified areas of conceptual importance within differential attainment (learning, assessment, and systems/institutional factors) which were then the focus of a targeted review of the literature on differential attainment related to ethnicity/race in medical education and, where available and relevant, literature from higher education more generally. Each author then conducted a review of the literature and proposed guidelines based on their experience and research literature. The guidelines were iteratively reviewed and refined between all authors until we reached consensus on the Do’s, Don’ts and Don’t Knows. Results We present 13 guidelines with a summary of the research evidence for each. Guidelines address assessment practices (assessment design, assessment formats, use of assessments and post-hoc analysis) and educational systems and cultures (student experience, learning environment, faculty diversity and diversity practices). Conclusions Differential attainment related to ethnicity/race is a complex, systemic problem reflective of unequal norms and practices within broader society and evident throughout assessment practices, the learning environment and student experiences at medical school. Currently, the strongest empirical evidence is around assessment processes themselves.
Uniform and weak stability of Bresse system with one infinite memory in the shear angle displacements
Authors: Bekhouche Rania , Guesmia Aissa , Messaoudi Salim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a one-dimensional linear Bresse system in a bounded open interval with one infinite memory acting only on the shear angle equation. First, we establish the well posedness using the semigroup theory. Then, we prove two general (uniform and weak) decay estimates depending on the speeds of wave propagations and the arbitrary growth at infinity of the relaxation function.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their Derivatives (O-PAHs, N-PAHs, OH-PAHs): Determination in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) – a Review
Authors: Nowakowski M. , Rykowska I. , Wolski R. , Andrzejewski P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the presentation of the current state-of-the-art about the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxidized forms originating from Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) samples. The influence of SPM on health is twofold. SPM, as composed of small particles, is dangerous for the respiratory system. Additionally, SPM is a carrier of many hazardous compounds, particularly PAHs. Recently, several researches focus on the derivatives of PAHs, particularly nitro-, oxy- and hydroxy-PAHs, which are more dangerous than the parent PAHs. Both gas and high-performance liquid chromatography with various detection techniques are used to analyze both PAHs and their oxidized forms. Due to the appearance of these compounds in the environment, at a very low level, an analyte concentration step has to be applied prior to analysis. If GC and HPLC techniques are chiefly used as analytical tools for these analyses, the spectrum of analyte concentration procedures is very broad. Many analyte concentration techniques are proposed: from classic liquid-solid extractions, including Soxhlet technique, pressurized liquid extraction (ASE) or microwave oven (MWE) and sonic supported extraction to SPE techniques applications. However, one should remember that PAH determination methods are tools for solving the main problem, i.e., the evaluation the health hazard connected to the presence of SPM in air. Thus, the main drawback of several papers found in this review, i.e., the lack of information concerning limit of detection (LOD) of these methods makes their applicability very limited.
Elements in Pointed Invariant Cones in Lie Algebras and Corresponding Affine Pairs
Authors: Neeb Karl-Hermann , Oeh Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this note, we study in a finite dimensional Lie algebra $${\mathfrak g}$$
g
the set of all those elements x for which the closed convex hull of the adjoint orbit contains no affine lines; this contains in particular elements whose adjoint orbits generates a pointed convex cone $$C_x$$

C
x

. Assuming that $${\mathfrak g}$$
g
is admissible, i.e., contains a generating invariant convex subset not containing affine lines, we obtain a natural characterization of such elements, also for non-reductive Lie algebras. Motivated by the concept of standard (Borchers) pairs in QFT, we also study pairs (x, h) of Lie algebra elements satisfying $$[h,x]=x$$

[
h
,
x
]
=
x

for which $$C_x$$

C
x

pointed. Given x, we show that such elements h can be constructed in such a way that $$\mathop {\mathrm{ad}}\nolimits h$$

ad
h

defines a 5-grading, and characterize the cases where we even get a 3-grading.
A new roadmap for the breeding of disease-resistant and high-yield crops
Authors: Wang Yiming , Dong Suomeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreeding of disease-resistant and high-yield crops is essential to meet the increasing food demand of the global population. However, the breeding of such crops remains a significant challenge for scientists and breeders. Two recent discoveries may help to overcome this challenge: the discovery of a novel molecular framework to fine-tune disease resistance and yields that includes epigenetic regulation of antagonistic immune receptors, and the discovery of a Ca2+ sensor-mediated immune repression network that enables the transfer of subspecies-specific and broad-spectrum disease resistance. These breakthroughs provide a promising roadmap for the future breeding of disease resistant crops.
RegVar: Tissue-Specific Prioritization of Non-Coding Regulatory Variants
Authors: Lu Hao , Ma Luyu , Quan Cheng , Li Lei , Lu Yiming , Zhou Gangqiao , Zhang Chenggang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-coding genomic variants constitute the majority of trait-associated genome variations; however, the identification of functional non-coding variants is still a challenge in human genetics, and a method for systematically assessing the impact of regulatory variants on gene expression and linking these regulatory variants to potential target genes is still lacking. Here, we introduce a deep neural network (DNN)-based computational framework, RegVar, which can accurately predict the tissue-specific impact of non-coding regulatory variants on target genes. We show that by robustly learning the genomic characteristics of massive variant–gene expression associations in a variety of human tissues, RegVar vastly surpasses all current non-coding variant prioritization methods in predicting regulatory variants under different circumstances. The unique features of RegVar make it an excellent framework for assessing the regulatory impact of any variant on its putative target genes in a variety of tissues. RegVar is available as a web server at https://regvar.omic.tech/.
Risk-associated management disparities in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Eggers Kai M. , Jernberg T. , Lindahl B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite improvements in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), risk-associated management disparities may exist. We investigated this issue including temporal trends in a large MI cohort (n = 179,291) registered 2005–2017 in SWEDEHEART. Multivariable models were used to study the associations between risk categories according to the GRACE 2.0 score and coronary procedures (timely reperfusion, invasive assessment ≤ 3 days, in-hospital coronary revascularization), pharmacological treatments (P2Y12-blockers, betablockers, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system [RAAS]-inhibitors, statins), structured follow-up and secondary prevention (smoking cessation, physical exercise training). High-risk patients (n = 76,295 [42.6%]) experienced less frequent medical interventions compared to low/intermediate-risk patients apart from betablocker treatment. Overall, intervention rates increased over time with more pronounced increases seen in high-risk patients compared to lower-risk patients for in-hospital coronary revascularization (+ 23.6% vs. + 12.5% in patients < 80 years) and medication with P2Y12-blockers (+ 22.2% vs. + 7.8%). However, less pronounced temporal increases were noted in high-risk patients for medication with RAAS-blockers (+ 8.5% vs. + 13.0%) and structured follow-up (+ 31.6% vs. + 36.3%); pinteraction < 0.001 for all. In conclusion, management of high-risk patients with MI is improving. However, the lower rates of follow-up and of RAAS-inhibitor prescription are a concern. Our data emphasize the need of continuous quality improvement initiatives.
Discrepancy of particle passage in 101 mask batches during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Hirschwald Lukas T. , Herrmann Stefan , Felder Daniel , Kalde Anna M. , Stockmeier Felix , Wypysek Denis , Alders Michael , Tepper Maik , Rubner Jens , Brand Peter , Kraus Thomas , Wessling Matthias , Linkhorst John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the first wave of Covid-19 infections in Germany in April 2020, clinics reported a shortage of filtering face masks with aerosol retention> 94% (FFP2 & 3, KN95, N95). Companies all over the world increased their production capacities, but quality control of once-certified materials and masks came up short. To help identify falsely labeled masks and ensure safe protection equipment, we tested 101 different batches of masks in 993 measurements with a self-made setup based on DIN standards. An aerosol generator provided a NaCl test aerosol which was applied to the mask. A laser aerosol spectrometer measured the aerosol concentration in a range from 90 to 500 nm to quantify the masks’ retention. Of 101 tested mask batches, only 31 batches kept what their label promised. Especially in the initial phase of the pandemic in Germany, we observed fluctuating mask qualities. Many batches show very high variability in aerosol retention. In addition, by measuring with a laser aerosol spectrometer, we were able to show that not all masks filter small and large particles equally well. In this study we demonstrate how important internal and independent quality controls are, especially in times of need and shortage of personal protection equipment.
Data based model for predicting COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in metropolis
Authors: Barcellos Demian da Silveira , Fernandes Giovane Matheus Kayser , de Souza Fábio Teodoro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is an ongoing need for scientific analysis to help governments and public health authorities make decisions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents a methodology based on data mining that can offer support for coping with epidemic diseases. The methodological approach was applied in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, the cities in Brazil with the most COVID-19 deaths until the first half of 2021. We aimed to predict the evolution of COVID-19 in metropolises and identify air quality and meteorological variables correlated with confirmed cases and deaths. The statistical analyses indicated the most important explanatory environmental variables, while the cluster analyses showed the potential best input variables for the forecasting models. The forecast models were built by two different algorithms and their results have been compared. The relationship between epidemiological and environmental variables was particular to each of the three cities studied. Low solar radiation periods predicted in Manaus can guide managers to likely increase deaths due to COVID-19. In São Paulo, an increase in the mortality rate can be indicated by drought periods. The developed models can predict new cases and deaths by COVID-19 in studied cities. Furthermore, the methodological approach can be applied in other cities and for other epidemic diseases.
A novel mechanism to generate metallic single crystals
Authors: Pistor J. , Körner C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenerally, the evolution of metallic single crystals is based on crystal growth. The single crystal is either produced by growing a seed single crystal or by sophisticated grain selection processes followed by crystal growth. Here, we describe for the first time a fully new mechanism to generate single crystals based on thermo-mechanically induced texture formation during additive manufacturing. The single crystal develops due to two different mechanisms. The first step is a standard grain selection process due to directional solidification, leading to a pronounced fiber texture. The second and new mechanism bases on successive thermo-mechanically induced plastic deformations and texture formation in FCC crystals under compression. During this second step, the columnar grain structure transforms into a single crystal by rotation of individual grains. Thus, the single crystal forms step by step by merging the originally columnar grain structure. This novel, stress induced mechanism opens up completely new perspectives to fabricate single crystalline components and to accurately adjust the orientation according to the load.
Sputum microbiota profiles of treatment-naïve TB patients in Uganda before and during first-line therapy
Authors: Kateete David Patrick , Mbabazi Monica M. , Nakazzi Faith , Katabazi Fred A. , Kigozi Edgar , Ssengooba Willy , Nakiyingi Lydia , Namiiro Sharon , Okwera Alphonse , Joloba Moses L. , Muwonge Adrian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInformation on microbiota dynamics in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is scarce. Here, we sequenced sputa from 120 treatment-naïve TB patients in Uganda, and investigated changes in microbiota of 30 patients with treatment-response follow-up samples. Overall, HIV-status and anti-TB treatment were associated with microbial structural and abundance changes. The predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria, accounting for nearly 95% of the sputum microbiota composition; the predominant genera across time were Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Gemella, and Rothia. Treatment-response follow-up at month 2 was characterized by a reduction in abundance of Mycobacterium and Fretibacterium, and an increase in Ruminococcus and Peptococcus; month 5 was characterized by a reduction in Tannerella and Fusobacterium, and an increase in members of the family Neisseriaceae. The microbiota core comprised of 44 genera that were stable during treatment. Hierarchical clustering of this core’s abundance distinctly separated baseline (month 0) samples from treatment follow-up samples (months 2/5). We also observed a reduction in microbial diversity with 9.1% (CI 6–14%) of the structural variation attributed to HIV-status and anti-TB treatment. Our findings show discernible microbiota signals associated with treatment with potential to inform anti-TB treatment response monitoring.
Todesursachen von Schwerverletzten - Woran stirbt das
Polytrauma heute?
Authors: Wilharm Arne , Pflug Alexander , Loos Franz , Sommerfeld Oliver , Hofmann Gunther O , Sauer Stefanie 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trauma ist die häufigste Todesursache bei unter
45-Jährigen und trotzdem gibt es nur wenig Daten zu den genauen
Todesursachen Schwerverletzter nach Klinikeinlieferung in Deutschland aus
den letzten 10 Jahren. Ziel der Arbeit ist 1. eine Auswertung der Daten der
verstorbenen Schwerverletzten eines überregionalen TraumaZentrums aus den
letzten 10 Jahren. Erforscht werden sollen Verlässlichkeit der Daten,
Häufigkeit der Todesursachen und Zusammenhänge mit dem Unfallmechanismus und
2. die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Daten im TraumaRegister DGU.
Patienten und Methoden Es erfolgte die Auswertung der Daten von 203
verstorbenen schwerverletzten Patienten aus dem Universitätsklinikum Jena,
die von 2007 bis 2017 verunfallt sind.
Ergebnisse Eine eindeutige Festlegung der Todesursache ist anhand von
Klinikdaten in ca. 85% der Fälle möglich. Häufigste Todesursache von
Schwerverletzten nach Klinikeinlieferung ist mit 59,6% das
Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, gefolgt von 17% Organversagen, 14% Hämorrhagie und 9,4%
sonstigen Todesursachen. Die Verifizierung anhand von Daten aus dem
TraumaRegister DGU ist möglich. Es besteht ein klarer Zusammenhang zwischen
Unfallmechanismus und Todesursache.
Schlussfolgerungen Welche Todesursache angegeben wird, unterliegt
immer auch einer subjektiven Einschätzung. Insbesondere bestehen
Schwierigkeiten bei Patienten, die vor weiterer Diagnostik im Schockraum
versterben. Häufigste Todesursache ist heute das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Es ist
sinnvoll, die Todesursache im TraumaRegister DGU extra zu erfassen, da diese
anhand von anderen Registerdaten nur teilweise abgeleitet werden kann. Die
Zusammenhänge zwischen Unfallmechanismus und Todesursache könnten ggf. für
Präventionsmaßnahmen genutzt werden.
Changing Pattern of Common Cancers in the Last Five Years in Kashmir, India: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Khan Nazir Ahmad , Ahmad Syed Nisar , Dar Nazir Ahmad , Masoodi Shariq Rashid , Lone Mohammad Maqbool 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cancer is emerging as a major health problem worldwide. Profile and pattern of cancers vary as per the geographic, ethnic, and sociocultural background of the population. It is imperative to know the change in the pattern of cancer in the population to formulate an effective strategy for its control and management.
Objective To study the changing trends and epidemiological distribution of common cancer types in an ethnic population of Northern India.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective observational study, we audited records of 22,188 patients with histologically documented cancer registered between January 2014 and December 2018 in the regional cancer center of a tertiary care institute in North India. For all identified patients, medical records were reviewed for demographic information (age of diagnosis, sex, type of cancer, and select risk factors). The data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows from IBM Corp. Data were expressed as frequencies with percentages. The incidence and trends were depicted through tables, and line diagrams were used to show the changes (if any) over the last 5 years.
Results The most common cancer reported in the last 5 years was lung cancer, overall (10.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.2–11.0) as well as in men (14.8%; 95% CI, 14.2–15.4) and breast cancer in females (13.5%; 95% CI, 12.8–14.2). The top five cancers reported at our center were lung (10.6%), esophagus (9.1%), stomach (9.0%), breast (6.0%), and colon (3.8%). Compared with that, the top five cancers reported from our center in 2012 were esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (17.2%), lung (11.9%), stomach (9.7%), colorectal (7.1%), and breast (6.5%). Prostate cancer was reported in 3.4% of cases, which was much higher than that reported in 2012 (1.7%). Surprisingly, thyroid cancer (6.4%) was the fourth commonest cancer reported in females, while it did not figure in the top 10 cancers in the 2012 report. Expectantly, cervix cancer did not figure among the top 10 cancers in women.
Conclusion There is a change in the pattern of cancers. Lung and breast have emerged as the most commonly occurring cancers in men and women, respectively, whereas there was a slight downward trend in the incidence of esophageal cancer.