bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of TLIF/PLIF in lumbar spine nerve root anomalies. The literature review and own experience
Authors: Basankin I. V. , Giulzatyan A. A. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Malakhov S. B. , Tomina M. I. , Shapovalov V. K. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Anomalies of the roots of the lumbar spine are often not diagnosed at the preoperative stage and may cause technical difficulties during performing decompression‑stabilization surgeries of spine.Purpose of the study. To study the clinical features of patients with anomalies of the lumbar roots on the background of de‑ generative diseases of the spine, to develop techniques to protect abnormal nerve roots from damage during TLIF/PLIF.Materials and methods. Performed retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 9 patients whom were done TLIF/PLIF for degenerative‑dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine in the period from 2018–2019 was. The distribution of changes detected in the spine was carried out according to the classification of Schizas, Meyerding and Neidre & Macnab.Results. The study group of patients was 0.63 % of all operated patients using the TLIF/PLIF technique (n = 1432). Developmental anomalies of the nerve roots were not identified during routine MRI in all patients. In six patients (66.7 %), radicular pain manifested in two dermatomes; intraoperatively, these patients had conjoint roots (Ia). Three pa‑ tients (33.3 %) had radicular pain in several (>2) dermatomes. The root tension sign (Lasegue sign) was negative in eight (88.9 %) patients. The intensity of the preoperative pain syndrome in the leg averaged 6.44 (VAS), in the back 6.11, and in the postoperative period it decreased to 0.7 and 2.1, respectively.Conclusion. Clinical preoperative markers for the presence of root anomalies can be two‑dermatomal radicular mani‑ festations in the presence of a single‑level process, as well as the absence of a Lasegue sign in severe radiculopathy. Intraoperative detection of anomalies requires a balanced approach to the choice of the method of surgical intervention from the surgeon. To prevent iatrogenic damage of anomaly roots at the stage of surgical treatment, it is necessary to change the preoperative planning strategy in favor of choosing the contralateral side for interbody fusion. In addition, root traction and interbody distraction should be minimal.
C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is associated with increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia patients
Authors: ACEHAN Selen , GÜLEN Müge , ISİKBER Cem , KAYA Adem , UNLU Nurdan , INCE Cagdas , TOPTAS FİRAT Basak , KOKSALDI Gonca , SÜMBÜL Hilmi Erdem , SATAR Salim 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective observational study is to compare C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and CURB-65 score in the emergency department in terms of predicting mortality in patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Materials and Methods: The study includes 613 patients hospitalized between March 15 and April 30, 2020 due to COVID-19 pneumonia detected on thorax computed tomography at the emergency department pandemic area. Hospitalized patients were divided into groups according to positive and negative real-time polymerase chain reaction results.
Results: While 73.1% (n: 448) of 613 patients included in the study were hospitalized in the ward, 26.9% (n: 165) were hospitalized in intensive care. 8.6% (n: 53) of the total patients died. In non-survivors patients the mean CURB 65 score was 4±1 (and C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio was 5.6±4.2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CURB 65 and high C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio are independent risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Conclusion: The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is as sensitive as CURB 65 and can guide the clinician in the early detection of patients with poor prognosis COVID-19 pneumonia.
COVID-19 hastalarında anjiyotensin 2 (ACE2) genin ekspresyon seviyesi
Authors: DİRİCAN Ebubekir , AYDIN İsmail Erkan , SAVRUN Şeyda 
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Coronavirus hastalığı-19 (COVID-19), şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2'den (SARS-CoV-2) kaynaklanır. Anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2), COVID-19 dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların patolojik değişikliklerini düzenlemede hayati bir rol oynayabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ACE2 genin ekspresyonunu Türk COVID-19 hastalarında analiz etmekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 80 COVID-19 PCR testi pozitif hasta ve 80 PCR testi negatif olan sağlıklı gönüllü birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm örneklerden RNA izolasyonu yapıldı. ACE2 geninin ekspresyonunu analiz etmek için RT-PZR cihazı kullanıldı.
Bulgular: COVID-19 hastalarının yaş, Laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), ferritin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) seviyelerinde sağlıklı gönüllülere kıyasla anlamlı bir fark bulundu. Gen ekspresyon sonuçlarına göre, ACE2 geni ekspresyonu COVID-19 hastalarında sağlıklı gönüllülere kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. COVID-19 hastalarında ACE2 geninin ekspresyonu ile Kan üre nitrojeni (BUN), Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematokrit (HCT) ve CRP seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu.
Sonuç: ACE2 gen ekspresyonu COVID-19 hastalarında yüksek bulundu ve klinik verilere göre farklılıklar gösterdi. Bu nedenle, ACE2'nin ekspresyonu, SARSCoV2'nin patojenitesini destekleyen ancak tersine viral enfeksiyonu sınırlayan paradoksal etkilere sahip olabilir. ACE2 reseptörlerinin mevcudiyeti, COVID-19'un duyarlılığını ve/veya hastalık seyrini artırabilir.
Exploring Basin Amplification within the Reno Metropolitan Area in Northern Nevada Using a Magnitude 6.3 ShakeOut Scenario
Authors: Eckert Eric , Scalise Michelle , Louie John N. , Smith Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe Reno metropolitan area (located within the Truckee Meadows in northern Nevada) is subjected to significant seismic risk, primarily resulting from the region’s proximity to the Mount Rose fault system and the urban area’s presence within a large, thin (&lt;1 km thick) sedimentary basin. Numerous paleoseismic studies have shown the Mount Rose fault system has a history of producing large Holocene earthquakes. To help explore this hazard, we used SW4, a physics-based wave-equation modeling tool, to develop the Reno ShakeOut Scenario. The scenario uses a grid with a minimum spacing of 20 m with eight points per minimum wavelength to perform a full 3D simulation for a potential magnitude 6.3 earthquake within the Mount Rose fault system. The calculation assumes a minimum shear-wave velocity (VSmin) of 500 m/s and is accurate up to 3.125 Hz. Results indicate that there is a potential for widespread and variable ground shaking at modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) magnitudes between VII and VIII (very strong to severe ground shaking), with some areas achieving violent (IX and X) motions. Distributions of high shaking are controlled by proximity to the rupture, geotechnical shear-wave velocity, topography; and significantly, basin geometry. Comparisons between SW4 peak ground velocity (PGV) computations, and PGV estimates calculated from the Campbell and Bozorgnia empirical ground-motion model emphasize the degree to which very thin basins may result in greater hazard than is currently predicted. This information helps improve our understanding of regional risk by highlighting these significant basin effects and the local variability that is likely to occur with any large seismic event.
Revisiting the Fault Locking of the Central Himalayan Thrust with a Viscoelastic Earthquake-Cycle Deformation Model
Authors: Diao Faqi , Wang Rongjiang , Zhu Yage , Xiong Xiong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on a viscoelastic earthquake-cycle deformation model, we revisit the fault locking of the central Himalayan thrust using geodetic data acquired in the past three decades. By incorporating the viscoelastic relaxation effect induced by stress buildup and release, our viscoelastic model is capable of explaining the far-field observation with similar fault locking width obtained in previous studies. Elastic models underestimate the far-field deformation and consequently underestimate the fault slip rate by attributing the far-field deformation to stable intraplate deformation. A steady-state viscosity of ∼1019  Pa·s is required for the lower crust beneath south Tibet to best fit the crustal velocity. The optimal slip rate and locking width of the central Main Himalayan Thrust are estimated to 18.8 ± 1.6 mm/a and 85 ± 2.1 km, respectively. The inferred fault locking width, along with the down-dip rupture extension of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, agrees well with the identified mid-crustal ramp, which leads to an interpretation that the fault geometry of the central Himalayan thrust plays an important role on fault kinematics. Our results highlight that viscoelastic relaxation during the earthquake cycle should be incorporated for robust estimation of fault locking parameters and reasonable data fitting.
Overview of longstanding bronchial foreign bodies and role of virtual bronchoscopy
Authors: Ajith Arun P. , Ullal Aishwarya , Mishra Sanjeev 
Published: October 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Virtual bronchoscopy (VB) is a software based, three-dimensional visualization format created from non-invasive medical imaging methods such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging, with the goal of creating views similar to minimally invasive bronchoscopy procedure. The aim of the study was to find the usefulness of VB in diagnosing vegetative and non-vegetative longstanding intra bronchial foreign bodies (FB).</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology M. G. M. M. C and M. Y. hospital Indore for a period of 5 years. The medical records of patients with FB aspiration from august 2006 to September 2015 were reviewed. Data was collected regarding their clinical presentation examination and chest x-ray findings. Patients with suspected FB aspiration were subjected to VB and rigid bronchoscopy was performed.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the subjects, we observed that chest radiograph were normal in as many as 40% cases. Hence negative chest radiographs do not rule out FB. In 48 patients with FB aspiration, which was detected by VB, 46 patients were diagnosed to have FB on rigid bronchoscopy. This amounts to a positive predictive value of 98%, which was similar to the gold standard, which is rigid bronchoscopy which had a positive predictive value of 99%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VB is the only imaging modality which gives 99.9% reassurance about the presence or absence of a FB, because of its high sensitivity and specificity, hence proves to be a lifesaving tool.</p>
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of tuberculosis
Authors: Sarfraz Majid Ali , Raina Apurva , . Deepjyoti , . Arti 
Published: October 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) of head and neck is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB but still poses a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge. Rare occurrence and unspecific symptoms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis often leads to misdiagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the various otolaryngological manifestations of extrapulmonary TB and make otolaryngologist aware of these manifestations.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study included 40 cases who presented to us at a tertiary hospital with various symptoms of head and neck TB. Detailed history with ear, nose throat examination was carried out on all patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), histopathology and Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining were done to confirm the diagnosis. After confirmation, patients were started on anti-TB therapy and showed good response to the treatment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 40 cases who presented to us at a tertiary hospital with various symptoms of head and neck tuberculosis. The majority of these cases had cervical lymphadenopathy (55%) followed by deep neck abscess (20%), laryngeal TB (15%), tubercular otitis media (7.5%) and nasal TB (2.5%). Majority of the cases (65%) belonged to lower socio-economic status. 42.5% of cases had family history of pulmonary TB. Six out of 40 subjects had co-existing pulmonary TB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Otorhinolaryngeal TB can involve any site with unspecific symptoms. The most commonly site involved is cervical lymph node presenting as neck swelling. Variable nature of its manifestations makes it necessary to have high degree of clinical suspicion to make early diagnosis.</p>
Theory and Methodology of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines in Academic Activity of Stepan Veselovskiy
Authors: Kholmatov Temurmalik 
Published: October 2021

The article examines theoretical and methodological views of the historian S. B. Veselovskiy (1876—1952) on auxiliary historical disciplines (that have received the most noticeable development in his scientific activity): archeography, genealogy, onomastics, and historical geography. There are investigated the subjects of these four disciplines, their goals, as well as his approach to the analysis of historical sources. The main conclusion of the study is that, according to S. B. Veselovskiy, the support for expanding the potential of auxiliary historical disciplines is based on their interpenetration and complementarity. The study of these theoretical and methodological principles allows not only to present the scientific work of the historian, but also the stages of development of disciplines, especially given the increased interest in questions about their status — the transition from an auxiliary function in relation to historical science to an independent discipline/subdiscipline.
Foreign Judges and Communal Authorities in the Legislative and Legal Space of Florence in the Second Half of the 14th Century
Authors: Krasnova Irina 
Published: October 2021

The article attempts to consider the actions of two communal systems of power — foreign officials: the Podestà, the Captain of the People and the Executor of the Institutions of Justice, as well as communal structures formed in 1293 — the Signoria as part of the Priory, headed by the Honfalonier of Justice and the colleges of 12 good husbands and 16 gonfaloniers of companies, in a difficult period of changing political regimes in the second half of the 14th century. The main problem of the research is the practice of the application of law and power in the context of a relatively wide communal democracy, multi-power and frequent turnover of the Signoria (every 2 months). Before each composition of the Signoria, there was a temptation at critical moments not to apply legal norms, especially in the sphere of punitive jurisdiction, and not to use powers of authority to punish and suppress their fellow citizens. In this regard, the members of the Signoria especially needed foreign officials, whose importance increase d in crisis situations, which gave rise to dictatorial inclinations and abuse of power by the Podestà and the Captains of the People
COVID-19 Pandemic and Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Indonesia
Authors: Nafiah Aniqotun , Hidayat Nur Azizah 
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic hurts almost all sectors, particularly the government, like the simultaneous Regional Head Election. The Indonesian government, along with the General Election Commission and the Indonesian House of Representatives through the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2020, agreed to postpone it until December 2020 to reduce the spread of COVID-19. To date, the pandemic has not ended yet, considered that the delay might be ineffective. Another issue was the emergence of other simultaneous elections in 2024, in which several steps have begun to be implemented this year. This study aimed to discuss the issue of the simultaneous regional head elections during the pandemic. It raised two issues. First, while the elections were still held to avoid vacancies, their implementation must be adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, while the elections were postponed until the pandemic ends, the Acting Officer, as another alternative, should be given full authority to the Acting Officer so that the government could be administered optimally. The study combined doctrinal and empirical legal research. The primary data sources were the laws and regulations relating to the Regional Head Elections in Indonesia and interviews from the Election Supervisory Committee in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study showed that the simultaneous elections during the COVID-19 pandemic could still avoid vacancies, and its implementation was adjusted to the pandemic situation. Therefore, it implemented strict health protocols despite the more detailed and comprehensive-time simulations to adjust the overall implementation of the upcoming election stages. Also, the internet infrastructure was prevalent to support the elections. Finally, the government established the guidelines for Regional Head Election based on the COVID-19 health protocol.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19 Pandemic, Regional Head Election, Regional Head Authority.
COM AREIA, TAMBÉM, SE CONTRÓI PATRIMÔNIO:
Authors: Barbosa Raquel Miranda 
Published: October 2021

Ao representar a paisagem urbana da Cidade de Goiás, Goiandira do Couto (1915-2011) privilegia uma narrativa pictórica baseada nos mitos e marcos edificados, durante a colonização portuguesa, no eixo que se estrutura entre o Largo do Rosário e o Largo do Chafariz. Como herdeira de uma tradição cultural e familiar, a artista se relacionou com as instituições guardiãs do passado, como a Organização Vilaboense de Artes e Tradições[1] (OVAT), com o objetivo de ressignificar o lugar cultural da antiga capital no âmbito estadual, a partir de 1960. Em suas telas, a valorização dos símbolos da memória oficial inspirou a criação de uma cidade-ideal que, mais tarde, tornar-se-ia cidade-patrimônio apregoando o enredo das oficialidades. Sua sensibilidade artística se estabeleceu em profícuo diálogo com a elite cultural (OVAT) e com as autoridades políticas locais e regionais que, por sua vez, vislumbraram a preservação do passado como atributo para projetar a Cidade de Goiás para o futuro.
[1] “Na década de sessenta, nós criamos a OVAT, que era um grupo de pessoas ligadas à cultura e à arte e começamos a planejar o que seria Goiás para o futuro. De que ela poderia viver? Nós partimos a pesquisar e ver que o passado de Goiás era um passado muito rico em tradições, em arte, em cultura e em história. Desde a fundação até 1937, a vida do Estado desenvolveu aqui dentro. Então, quer queira, quer não queira, isso já é um ponto fantástico. E nós tínhamos vários prédios que estavam abandonados, que estavam deixados, emprestados a órgãos públicos, a escolas, a “n” coisas. Nós começamos a fazer um levantamento histórico. Vimos que o futuro de Goiás era o passado” (“O VILABOENSE”, 2006, p.10).
Amplicon-Based Analysis of the Fungal Diversity Across Kenyan Soda Lakes
Authors: Mwirichia Romano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMicroorganisms have been able colonize and thrive in environments characterized by low/high pH, temperature, salt or pressure. Examples of extreme environments are the soda lakes and soda deserts. The objective of this study was to explore the fungal diversity across soda lakes Magadi, Elmenteita, Sonachi and Bogoria in Kenya. A new set of primers was designed to amplify a fragment long enough for the 454-pyrosequencing technology. Results Analysis of the amplicons generated showed that the new primers amplified for eukaryotic groups. A total of 153,634 quality-filtered, non-chimeric sequences were used for community diversity analysis. The sequence reads were clustered into 502 operational taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97% similarity using BLASTn analysis of which 432 were affiliated to known fungal phylotypes and the rest to other eukaryotes. Fungal OTUs were distributed across 107 genera affiliated to the phylum Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycotina and Incertae Sedis. The Phylum Ascomycota was the most abundant phylotype. Overall, fifteen (15) genera (Chaetomium, Monodictys, Arthrinium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Myrothecium, Phyllosticta, Coniochaeta, Diatrype, Sarocladium, Sclerotinia, Aspergillus, Preussia and Eutypa) accounted for 65.3% of all the reads. The Genus Cladosporium was detected across all the samples at varying percentages with the highest being water from Lake Bogoria (51.4%). Good’s coverage estimator values ranged between 97 and 100%, an indication that the dominant phylotypes were represented in the data. ConclusionThese results provide useful insights that can guide cultivation dependent studies in order to understand the physiology and biochemistry of the as yet uncultured taxa.
Outcomes of Patients Treated With Antibiotic-Loaded Acryl Bone Cement For Periprosthetic Hip Infection, Stratified By Cement Polymerization Temperature: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shimamura Masashi , Iwata Ken , Senda Teppei , Negayama Takahiro , Mori Masaski , Mashiba Masuku , Kaji Yoshio , Yamamoto Tetsuji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Two-stage revision surgery using antibiotic-loaded acryl bone cement (ALAC) is an effective treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip arthroplasty. However, ALAC has been reported to release different amounts of antibacterial agents, depending on the type of bone cement used. No previous study has examined patient outcomes based on the polymerization temperature of the bone cement used. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent a two-stage revision surgery using ALAC for PJI, stratified by the polymerization temperature of the bone cement used.Methods: This study involved 23 joints in 23 patients treated with ALAC between 1993 and 2019. They were classified into normal (control group, n=12) and low polymerization temperature (L group, n=11) groups, respectively. Patient outcomes were compared between the groups.Results: In both groups, the infection subsiding rate was 100%. The success rate of revision surgery at the 2-year follow-up was 82.6%. There was no difference between the groups in mean age, time to infection onset, patient general condition, presence of fistulas, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. However, the infection required less time to subside, and fewer beads or spacers were used in the L group than in the control group. The success rate of revision surgery was 66.7% and 100% in the control and L groups, respectively.Conclusions: In the present study, two-stage revision surgery with ALAC in PJI was associated with a shorter infection subsidence period and fewer surgeries in the group treated with bone cement of low polymerization temperature than in the control group. The use of bone cement of low polymerization temperature in ALAC is an effective treatment option for PJI.