bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic properties of white dwarfs
Authors: Raddi Roberto , Torres Santiago , Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Maldonado Jesús , Camisassa María E. , Koester Detlev , Gentile Fusillo Nicola Pietro , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Dimpel Markus , Heber Ulrich , Cunningham Tim , Ren Juan-Juan 
Published: November 2021

Context. Kinematic and chemical tagging of stellar populations have both revealed much information on the past and recent history of the Milky Way, including its formation history, merger events, and mixing of populations across the Galactic disk and halo.
Aims. We present the first detailed 3D kinematic analysis of a sample of 3133 white dwarfs that used Gaia astrometry plus radial velocities, which were measured either by Gaia or by ground-based spectroscopic observations. The sample includes either isolated white dwarfs that have direct radial velocity measurements, or white dwarfs that belong to common proper motion pairs that contain nondegenerate companions with available radial velocities. A subset of common proper motion pairs also have metal abundances that have been measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys or by our own follow-up observations.
Methods. We used the white dwarfs as astrophysical clocks by determining their masses and total ages through interpolation with dedicated evolutionary models. We also used the nondegenerate companions in common proper motions to chemically tag the population. Combining accurate radial velocities with Gaia astrometry and proper motions, we derived the velocity components of our sample in the Galactic rest frame and their Galactic orbital parameters.
Results. The sample is mostly located within ∼300 pc from the Sun. It predominantly contains (90–95%) thin-disk stars with almost circular Galactic orbits, while the remaining 5–10% of stars have more eccentric trajectories and belong to the thick disk. We identified seven isolated white dwarfs and two common proper motion pairs as halo members. We determined the age – velocity dispersion relation for the thin-disk members, which agrees with previous results that were achieved from different white dwarf samples without published radial velocities. The age – velocity dispersion relation shows signatures of dynamical heating and saturation after 4–6 Gyr. We observed a mild anticorrelation between [Fe/H] and the radial component of the average velocity dispersion, showing that dynamical mixing of populations takes place in the Galactic disk, as was detected through the analysis of other samples of FGK stars.
Conclusions. We have shown that a white dwarf sample with accurate 3D kinematics and well-measured chemical compositions enables a wider understanding of their population in the solar neighborhood and its connection with the Galactic chemodynamics. The legacy of existing spectroscopic surveys will be boosted by the availability of upcoming larger samples of white dwarfs and common proper motion pairs with more uniform high-quality data.
An estimation of theGaiaEDR3 parallax bias from stellar clusters and Magellanic Clouds data
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The early-thirdGaiadata release (EDR3) parallaxes constitute the most detailed and accurate dataset that currently can be used to determine stellar distances in the solar neighborhood. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in their calibration and systematic effects can be further reduced in some circumstances.Aims.The aim of this paper is to determine an improvedGaiaEDR3 parallax bias as a function of magnitude, color, and ecliptic latitude using a single method applied to stars in open clusters, globular clusters, the Large Magellanic Cloud, and the Small Magellanic Cloud.Methods.I study the behavior of the residuals or differences between the individual (stellar) parallaxes and the group parallaxes, which are assumed to be constant for the corresponding cluster or galaxy. This was done by first applying the Lindegren et al. (2021b, A&A, 649, A4) zero point and then calculating a new zero point from the residuals of the first analysis.Results.The Lindegren zero point shows very small residuals as a function of magnitude between individual and group parallaxes forG> 13 but significant ones for brighter stars, especially blue ones. The new zero point reduces those residuals, especially in the 9.2 <G< 13 range. Thekfactor that is used to convert from catalog parallax uncertainties to external uncertainties is small (1.1–1.7) for 9.2 <G< 11 andG> 13, intermediate (1.7–2.0) for 11 <G< 13, and large (>2.0) forG< 9.2. Therefore, significant corrections are needed to calculate distance uncertainties fromGaiaEDR3 parallaxes for some stars. There is still room for improvement if future analyses add information from additional stellar clusters, especially for red stars withG< 11 and blue stars withG< 9.2. I also calculatedkfor stars with RUWE values between 1.4 and 8.0 and for stars with six-parameter solutions, allowing for a correct estiimation of their uncertainties.
Technical Note: First Use of Endonasal Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy – Feasibility and Proof of Concept
Authors: Wenda Nina , Kiesslich Ralf , Gosepath Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (p-CLE) is a method for real-time in vivo visualization of mucosal changes on a cellular level. Due to the size of the endoscopes, it was mainly used in the gastrointestinal tract so far. First investigations on head and neck carcinoma described the oropharyngeal application. The further miniaturization of the laser probe now allows endonasal application and, thus, first experiences with the investigation of endonasal neoplasms.
Objectives The aim of the present investigation is to elucidate, based on the morphological criteria validated in the oropharynx, whether these criteria be transferred in a similar way to the endonasal mucosa.
Methods We conducted p-CLE (Cellvizio, Paris, France) with intravenous fluorescein staining in endoscopic sinus surgery in a patient with sinonasal inverted papilloma and a histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. We compared the cellular visualization of pathological changes with those of healthy mucosa in the same specimen, and also with our former findings in the oropharynx.
Results Endonasal p-CLE proved to be quite feasible in the surgical setting, and the transfer of malignancy criteria in analogy to histological examination could be optically retraced. Furthermore, additional criteria for tissue dignity assessment were obtained.
Conclusion Our results suggest that endonasal application of p-CLE represents a valuable extension of the diagnostic repertoire available to date by an additional real-time analysis of the nasal mucosa. This is of particular value in surgically challenging anatomical areas such as the paranasal sinuses.Further investigation and validation will be necessary.
Coronary Artery Fistulae in Adult: Two Decades of Experience in Clinical Presentation, Angiographic Feature, and Management
Authors: Taskesen Tuncay , Osei Kofi , Hamilton Russell , Ugwu Justin , Shivapour Daniel , Tannenbaum Mark , Ghali Magdi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronary artery fistula (CAF) in adults is a rare but significant coronary artery anomaly. Main data on that rare disease were mostly obtained from case reports and small studies. In presented study, we share our two-decade experience on the clinical and angiographic characteristics of CAF.The data were collected retrospectively by analyzing the angiographic data between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019. Demographic data, clinical data, laboratory, and cardiac catheterization reports were reviewed.CAFs were found in 40 patients (0.06%). There were 22 male (55%) patients. The mean age was 61.2 years. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) had small, 4 patients (10%) had medium, and 7 patients (17.5%) had large CAFs. The majority of study population had solitary CAF (n = 31, 77.5%). The pulmonary artery is the major side of fistula drainage (n = 20, 50%). The study population was divided into two groups as follow: group 1—small CAFs 29 (72.5%), group 2—medium and large CAF (MLCAF) 11 (27.5%). Patients with MLCAFs had more atrial fibrillation, abnormal coronary morphology, and multiple fistulae. In patients with hemodynamically significant CAFs, 7 (17.5%) patients had surgical ligation and 3 (7.5%) patients had transcutaneous closure. Three patients died during mean follow-up period of 5 years.The incidence and the pattern of CAFs in our study were similar to previous studies. Clinical course of small fistulae was benign. Symptomatic MLCAFs need to be treated by transcatheter or surgical way and should be individualized per patient.
Immunoexpression of PD-L1 and PD-1 and Its Clinicopathological Correlation in Urothelial Carcinomas
Authors: Kumar Utpal , Anthony Michael Leonard , Sahai Rishabh , Mittal Ankur , Durgapal Prashant , Kishore Sanjeev 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Urothelial carcinomas are the most common types of bladder tumors that have recently shown a changing trend in treatment protocols with the introduction and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The most important immune checkpoint lies with the PD-1–PD-L1 axis. Although multiple drugs have been approved, there is uncertainty about patient selection criteria and diagnostic assays. Recent studies related to the laboratory-developed tests have opened up the horizon of PD-1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry even at resource-constrained laboratories. We propose to study these immunohistochemistry markers in our laboratory using newer clones.
Materials and Methods We selected 116 consecutive cases of transurethral bladder tumor resection from our laboratory archive and applied PD-1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. The study was approved by the institution's ethics committee.
Results We found high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in urothelial carcinoma even with different cut-offs of PD-L1. Muscle invasion, lamina invasion, and grade of carcinoma had a statistically significant effect on the expression; however, age and sex did not affect the expression.
Conclusion Based on our current study, we can conclude that the clones used in our study show high expression in urothelial carcinoma and can aid in patient selection and treatment protocol, irrespective of age and sex.
First-Trimester Reference Intervals for Thyroid Function Testing among Women Screened at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Nanda Rachita , Nayak Prasanta Kumar , Patel Suprava , Mohapatra Eli , Agrawal Sarita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives Due to differences in the method of assay and population-specific factors, each laboratory needs to establish its own gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) for thyroid hormones.
Materials and Methods Three-hundred forty-one women with less than 14 weeks gestation were screened at a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh, India. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) were measured using an ADVIA Centaur XP immunoassay.GRIs (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) were determined for TSH and fT4. TSH and fT4 concentrations were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) values. Effect of maternal age, gestational age, and maternal weight was analyzed.
Statistical Analysis Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviations (SD), and qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Normality of the data was checked using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Values that were normally distributed were expressed only as means and SD. Those that were not normally distributed were expressed as medians and interquartile range. For all statistical analysis, p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results First-trimester GRI was 0.245 to 4.971 mIU/L for TSH, 10.2 to 18.9 pmol/L for fT4, and 27.0 to 56.89 kIU/L for anti-TPO. There was no significant difference in the mean serum TSH (p = 0.920), fT4 (p  = 0.714), or anti-TPO (p = 0.754) values among women in 4 to 7th week and 7 to 14th week of gestation. The 1st and 99th centile MoMs were 0.03 and 4.09 for TSH and 0.66 and 1.39 for fT4. There was a significant positive correlation between the maternal weight and TSH MoM values (p = 0.027, r = 0.120).
Conclusion These laboratory- and first-trimester-specific GRI for TSH and fT4 shall help in proper diagnosis and treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunctions. TSH and fT4 MoM values can be used to indicate high or low values in a quantitative manner independent of the reference ranges and may be used by other laboratories.
Expression of Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Breast Cancers and Its Association with Clinicopathological Parameters
Authors: Mehan Anoushika , Anthony Michael Leonard , Paul Pranoy , Syed Anjum , Chowdhury Nilotpal , Rao Shalinee , Hussain Nuzhat , Ravi Bina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cancer immunotherapy targeting the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) axis has revolutionized cancer therapy. PD-L1 also serves as a predictive marker for such therapy. To assess the potential of such therapy in any cancer, the positivity of PD-1 and PD-L1 in such cancers needs to be assessed. However, such studies for breast cancer are lacking in South Asia. We aimed to estimate the positivity of PD-L1 and PD-1 receptors in breast cancer and its various clinicopathological groups in our patient population.
Materials and Methods We studied the immunoexpression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in 103 histologically proven invasive carcinoma breast cases from October 2018 to April 2019. The percent positivity of PD-1 and PD-L1 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated for all the cases as well as groups defined by stage, grade, molecular subtype, hormone receptor status, Ki-67, and age.
Results PD-1 positivity was seen in 72 (69.9%) cases (95% CI: 60.1–78.6). PD-L1 immunoexpression was seen in 61 (59.2%) cases (95% CI: 49.1–68.8) in immune cells and in 39 (37.9%) cases (95% CI: 28.5–50.0) in tumor cells. No significant association was found between PD-1, PD-L1 and age, overall clinical stage, grade, size, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki-67. Moderate-to-high PD-1 and PD-L1 immunopositivity was seen in all subtypes of breast cancer.
Conclusion PD-1 and PD-L1 is expressed in all subgroups of breast carcinoma. Patients in all such groups are amenable to immunotherapy, provided they are found suitable otherwise.
Conservation of forest genetic resources through the example of native Quercus species from the “Košutnjak” park forest in Serbia
Authors: Šijačic-Nikolic M , Nonić M , Perović M , Kerkez Janković I , Milovanović J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given the importance of urban park forests and protected natural areas in the urban environment, the implementation of the concept of genetic conservation is one of the main ways to save and improve this category of natural resources. Forests such as Košutnjak can be considered a refuge for flora and fauna and by establishing conservation programs for certain species, the entire ecosystem would be better protected. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate a systematic approach to in situ conservation of forest genetic resources in urban areas through the example of four native oak species: pedunculate oak, sessile oak, Hungarian oak and downy oak in the protected natural area “Košutnjak” in the capital of Serbia – Belgrade, to develop replicable conservation guidelines for urban park forests. The methodological framework for the development of guidelines for genetic conservation, presented in this paper, is a replicable model whose basic principles can be applied in other cases of urban park forests.
Utilization of wastewater pollution in plant growth biostimulants
Authors: Bryndina L , Korchagina A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Voronezh Region is a highly developed agro-industrial complex that exerts a burden on the environment. The article deals with the disposal of wastewater pollution with the production of technological products. The aim of the study was to create a biostimulator of plant growth from the waste water of a meat processing plant by enzymatic hydrolysis with the addition of 5% of a consortium of microorganisms from the intestines of pigs and to study its properties on the seeds of Scots pine. The resulting hydrolysates have a high biological value with a complete amino acid composition. The biostimulator contains 92.52% amino acids. Identification of growth stimulation of seed sowing qualities was determined in the laboratory. The results of the experiment show that in the control sample, the seeds were soaked with distilled water, the germination energy was 71.3%, and the laboratory germination rate was 82%. When studying the prototype impregnated with a biostimulator, the germination indicators were: germination energy 85.3%, germination 93.3%. The resulting amino acid biostimulator increased the shelf life of seeds by 11.3%. The biostimulator helped to increase the quality class of seeds, which allows to reduce the seeding rate per unit area during sowing and reduce costs.
Optimized method for RNA extraction from leaves of forest tree species
Authors: Grodetskaya T , Fedorova O , Evlakov P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Extraction of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from woody plants is a difficult task due to the peculiarities of plant material rich in polysaccharides and starch. The available techniques are often ineffective, since they result in the absence/reduced quality/reduced amount of RNA in the final preparation. The method we have optimized is based on the use of cethyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), purification by phenol-chloroform extraction, use of lithium chloride and ammonium acetate. The method showed high efficiency for the extraction of RNA from the leaves of birch and poplar samples, in vitro and mature plants, in comparison with previously used methods (extraction using NucleoSpin® RNA Plant (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) columns, Su (2009) method, standard guanidine thiocyanate method). Electropherograms of RNA preparations showed its high integrity and concentration (up to 85 ng/μl), significantly higher purity of the preparation (up to 2.7 times). Purification of the preparation in the process of extraction can significantly reduce the yield of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The optimized method is highly reproducible and can be used for further research, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, qualitative and quantitative PCR analysis. The method allows obtaining high-quality RNA from other objects of agricultural and forest plants.
Solving the problem of optimizing the cutting of wood whips with curvature
Authors: Gudkov A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stem wood, obtained from the cuttings of care in low-forest areas is of low quality. Such wood has a number of vices, one of which is simple curvature, which has impact on the voluminous and commercial output of round timber. Reducing this influence can be achieved through high-quality bucking. Therefore, the purpose of the work presented is to increase the volume and commercial output of round timber harvested in low-forest areas. The developed technique using computers allows to solve the tasks of modeling the shape of wood whips and logs using multi-critical optimization and bucking whips having curvature. The use of the proposed technique allows for results adequate to the real production conditions, as evidenced by the methods of decision-making used. Scientific research and theoretical developments, taking into account the formed database, allowed to search for the optimal scheme of cutting when bucking round timber, performed according to the algorithm based on the busting of acceptable variants using modern theory of graphs and matrixes. As a result, the developed program will reduce the time for data formation, guarantee the accuracy of the results, the program easily adapts to natural and production conditions and will expand the possibilities for Computer-aided design.
State and prospects of forest protection from illegal logging in the Ural Federal District
Authors: Pryadilina N , Zinovyeva I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Illegal logging and trade in primary timber is a significant threat to the integrity of the forest system of the Ural region. It causes enormous damage to economy and society. The purpose of the work is to describe the state of the problem of illegal logging, identify the main factors causing widespread illegal logging and illegal timber turnover in the district, and make separate recommendations to suppress illegal activities of unscrupulous forest users. The analysis, comparison, and synthesis of the data were conducted on the basis of official Departmental reporting provided by the Forestry Department of the Ural Federal District. The issue of illegal logging is systemic and sustainable. Recognition of not only economic, but also the social and environmental significance of the problem, coordination of interdepartmental interaction, improvement of the system of state forest control and supervision, combating corruption schemes, creation of the institution of public environmental inspectors and their active work with the support of regional and federal authorities and the response of the timber industry enterprises can turn the situation.
Economic assessment of the carbon sequestration potential of plantation forests
Authors: Ivanova A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goals set by Russia for the implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change Mitigation, taking into account the absorptive capacity of forests, have become an additional incentive for the creation of carbon-saving forest plantations, while the formation of a voluntary carbon market has made it possible to receive income from the sale of carbon from such climate forest projects. However, in the absence of experience in the implementation of such projects in Russia and the long-term return on investment in them, associated with the specifics of forestry and the existing risks of obtaining the final result, it has become an unattractive activity. This problem can be solved by creating carbon-depositing forest plantations using fast-growing seedlings of planting material obtained by innovative biotechnological methods. The study determined the costs of creating 1 hectare of carbon-depositing forest plantations, forecasting the possible additional income from 1 hectare per year from forest plantations for the implementation of net primary production. It is concluded that even with conservative net primary production and low carbon prices, the use of planting material obtained by in vitro clonal micropropagation when creating carbon-depositing forest plantations will reduce the payback period of climate forestry projects to 5 years.