bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated Photorefractive Keratectomy for Undercorrection and Regression
Authors: Pietilä Juhani , Mäkinen Petri , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Regression (often combined with significant haze) and undercorrection are the most frequent complications after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. PRK retreatment has been used to treat both of these complications.
METHODS: Sixty-three eyes (55 patients) were reoperated (PRK) because of initial regression or undercorrection. The mean interval between the operations was 17.2 months (range 5 to 37 mo). Residual myopia before retreatment was less than -5.00 D in 62 eyes (mean -2.21 ± 0.09 D) and was -10.50 D in one eye. The same surgical PRK technique (Aesculap-Meditec MEL 60 excimer laser with 5 or 6-mm ablation zone) was used in both operations.
RESULTS: One-year results were available for 51 eyes. In the group of eyes with low residual myopia (<-5.00 D), mean refraction 1 year after retreatment was -0.42 ± 0.96 D and 43 eyes (86%) were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 43 eyes (86%) after 1 year. One eye lost two lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after two procedures because of haze. Mean haze was the same before and 12 months after reoperation (grade 0.39 vs. 0.38). Significant haze (>2) and high regression after the first PRK occurred after reoperation. The one eye with -10.50 D residual myopia after the first PRK showed high regression, and 1 year after the reoperation refraction was -9.50 D with grade 2 haze.
CONCLUSIONS: Repeated PRK was safe and in most cases effective in treating regression and undercorrection in eyes with low residual myopia after initial PRK High regression and especially haze after the initial PRK often reappeared after reoperation. [J Refract Surg 2002:18:155-161]
Correlation Between Automated and Subjective Refraction Before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Iura Attilio , Romano Mary , Verolino Gianluca , Romano Antonio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To ascertain whether autorefraetometry after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) provides results that are comparable with subjective refractometry.
METHODS: The refractions of 159 eyes before and 1 month after PRK were determined with both automated and subjective refractometry, and the results of the two methods were compared.

RESULTS: Before PRK, subjective spherical equivalent refraction ranged from -15.25 to +0.25 D (mean -5.30 ± 2.64 D) and automated spherical equivalent refraction ranged from -16.13 to -0.50 D (mean -6.10 ± 2.74 D), with good correlation (r
p 2
= 0.965) between the two methods. One month after PRK, subjective spherical equivalent refraction ranged from -1.63 to +3.50 D (mean +0.98 ± 0.78 D) and automated spherical equivalent refraction ranged fiom -2.50 to +3.00 D (mean +0.36 ± 0.96 D) with poor correlation (r
p 2
= 0.401).

CONCLUSION: Autorefractometry is less reliable in eyes after PRK, and consequently software changes are recommended for overcoming this problem. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:449-453]
Precision of Flap Measurements for Laser in situ Keratomileusis in 4428 Eyes
Authors: Flanagan Gerald W , Binder Perry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the factor(s) that influence the dimensions and predictability of the LASIK corneal flap with the Automated Corneal Shaper (ACS) or the Summit Krumeich Barraquer microkeratome (SKBM).
METHODS: We performed a retrospective, comparative interventional case study of 4,428 eyes. Flap dimensions were measured using subtraction ultrasonic pachymetry during LASIK with one of two microkeratomes.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative corneal thickness for all eyes was 555 ± 35 µm. Corneal curvature and refractive astigmatism were inversely related to preoperative corneal thickness (P<.001). With an attempted flap thickness of 160 µm, the ACS flap thickness averaged 119.8 ± 22.9 µm; SKBM flaps averaged 160.9 ± 24.1 µm (P<.001). The coefficient of variation for central pachymetry compared to flap thickness was 6.4% vs. 22.1%. Flap thickness at enhancement was 10 to 17 µm thicker than at primary surgery. An increase in flap thickness was associated with thicker preoperative pachymetry (P<.001) and younger age for both instruments (P<.001) whereas increasing flap thickness was related to flatter preoperative mean keratometry for the ACS (P<.001) and steeper mean keratometry for the SKBM (P=.005). Less preoperative hyperopia or more myopia was related to an increase in flap thickness only for the SKBM (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Flap thickness varies significantly depending on the microkeratome used. Factors that influence flap thickness are primarily corneal thickness, patient age, preoperative keratometry, preoperative refraction including astigmatism, and corneal diameter. By understanding the factors that affect flap thickness, one can select a microkeratome system to allow maximum refractive correction while minimizing the risk of ectasia. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:113-123]
Changes of Higher Order Aberration With Various Pupil Sizes in the Myopic Eye
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Kanxing , Jin Ying , Niu Yafei , Zuo Tong 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of pupil diameter on higher order aberration in myopic eyes.
METHODS: One hundred and two eyes of 51 normal subjects were evaluated with the Nidek OPDScan.

RESULTS: All types of aberration increased significantly with increasing pupil size (P<.001). However, optical aberrations had a less pronounced increase in C
3
^sup -1^ and C
3
^sup +1^, more pronounced increase in C
4
p 0
with pupil area increased (P<.05), 2nd coma (C
5
^sup -1^ and C
5
^sup +1^) and high order astigmatism (C
4
^sup -2^, C
4
^sup +2^, C
8
^sup -2^, C
p 8
^sup +2^) with larger pupU diameter. Compared with the aberrations of each high order aberration at 4 mm, the average increase root mean square values were 1.54, 1.59, 1.71, and 1.87 on S
3
, S
4
, S
5
, and S
6
respectively, with a 5-mm pupil, whereas increased root mean square values were 1.46, 1.88, 1.51, and 1.60 for a 6-mmdiameter pupil.

CONCLUSION: For an equal increase of pupil size, not all Zernike polynomial coefficients induced equivalent increase of values. Coma-like aberrations increased less with pupil dilation. Spherical-like aberration showed only a small increase from 4 nun to 5 mm pupil size, but a larger increase from 5 mm to 6 mm pupil size. Other higher order aberrations (S
5
and S
6
) increased slightly with pupil dilation. Coma-like aberration was larger than spherical aberration, and larger than other higher order aberrations for all pupil sizes. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl):S270-S274]
Higher Order Ocular Aberrations After Cycloplegic and Non-cycloplegic Pupil Dilation
Authors: Carkeet Andrew , Velaedan Shajan , Tan Yong Kang , Lee Derrick Yu Jiang , Tan Donald T H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Clinical aberrometry is commonly undertaken with the use of mydriatic agents, however there is no literature available on whether aberrometry results obtained under cycloplegia differ from those obtained without cycloplegia.
METHODS: Higher order aberrations were measured over a 6-mm pupil with a Bausch and Lomb Technolas Zywave Aberrometer on the right eyes of 31 young subjects (average age 19.7± 1.7 years; 5 females, 16 males). Two measurement conditions were used for each subject: 1) topical installation of 3 drops 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride; and 2) topical installation of 1 drop 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride, prior to aberrometry measurements.
RESULTS: For higher order aberrations (3rd to 5th order), average root mean square (RMS) after phenylephrine measurement (0.3852 µm) was significantly lower than after cyclopentolate (0.4259 µm). A small but statistically significant difference was found between the two conditions for average vertical and horizontal coma and, to a lesser extent, horizontal 5th order aberrations. Repeatability RMS, a measure of test-retest measurement repeatability, was similar for the two conditions at 0.15 µm, and significantly lower than the average RMS for the difference between the two conditions (residual RMS) of 0.22 µm.
CONCLUSIONS: The difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic aberration measurements has implications for surgical correction of higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:316-322]
US Trends in Refractive Surgery: 2002 ISRS Survey
Authors: Duffey Richard J , Leaming David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the latest trends in refractive surgery in the United States.
METHODS: The full U.S. membership of the International Society of Refractive Surgery (ISRS) (approximately 900 members) was mailed the 2002 refractive surgery survey dealing with volumes, types, preferences of refractive surgery performed, and use of emerging technology.
RESULTS: Questions regarding RK, AK, PRK, LASIK, LASEK, intracorneal ring segments (ICRS), laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), conductive keratoplasty (CK), phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL), and clear lens extractions (CLE) were examined in the survey. Procedure preference for low, moderate, and high myopia, and hyperopia, were compared with the results from the surveys of the previous 5 years. Preference for unilateral versus bilateral same-day surgery, laser type, and microkeratome choice were also compared with the survey data from previous years. Incidence and frequency of co-management of refractive surgery patients were compared with 1999-2001 data. New questions regarding pupil measurement/documentation, wavefront aberrometry, and custom ablations were incorporated into the 2002 survey.
CONCLUSIONS: As refractive surgery grows in the mainstream of ophthalmology, trends and changes in the United States continue to be elucidated by this professional organization survey. LASIK continues to dominate for refractive errors between -10.00 to +3.00 D. LASIK, LASEK, CLE, PIOL, and CK appear to have bright futures, whereas, RK, ICR, and LTK are on the decline. VISX continues to be utilized 2:1 over all other lasers combined, and instrumentation pupillometry is preferred 2:1 over pupil gauge cards. Currently, wavefront aberrometry and custom ablations are minimally employed but appear poised to be the wave of the future. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:357-363]
Vulnerability of the Rabbit Eye to Torsion and Pulling-out - A Functional Study, Monitored by ERG and VECP
Authors: Kawano Shin-ichiro , Honda Yoshihito , Negi Akira , Mitsuyu Mariko 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Visual function of rabbits was studied employing ERG and VECP, while the eye was rotated or pulled-out around or along the axis. Torsion of 90-180 degrees for ten minutes did not affect either ERG or VECP. Torsion of 270 degrees or more abolished VECP and later ERG. Axial pulling-out easily affected on VECP, and ERG disappeared only when a loaded weight was increased. However, responses recovered to the pre-loading level after the eye was released from torsion or pulling-out.
Modification of the Can-Opener Capsulotomy Technique to Avoid Large Residual Flaps of Anterior Capsule with Ciliary Sulcus J-Loop Posterior Chamber Lens Insertion
Authors: Murphy Gates E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The can-opener technique is a proven safe method of performing an anterior capsulotomy when the surgeon does not desire to preserve anterior capsule flaps. Inadvertent large residual flaps, however, may result from this technique and cause early capsule opacification when a J-loop posterior chamber lens is inserted from ciliary sulcus to ciliary sulcus. A technique for avoiding these unwanted flaps is described.
Blindness Following Lacrimal Nerve Block
Authors: Carroll Richard P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Permanent unilateral blindness developed in an 84-year-old woman following lacrimal nerve block in preparation for ectropion repair to correct moderate lower eyelid laxity. The loss of vision in this patient is believed to have been caused by optic nerve ischemia secondary to compression of nutrient vessels following rapid increase in the intraocular pressure induced by orbital hemorrhage.
Isolated Paresis of the Inferior Oblique
Authors: Frey Thomas 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Four cases of isolated superior oblique paresis are presented. The usual course of events was that of a gradually increasing diplopia and head tilt. All patients fulfilled the three-step test criteria, with a hypertropia that increased on side gaze to the ipsilateral side and on head tilt to the side opposite that of the paretic muscle. All patients were treated with a superior rectus recession. Three patients had their hypertropia reduced to between zero and 2 diopters. One patient needed, in addition to his superior rectus recession, an inferior rectus resection to eliminate the hypertropia. Vertical rectus surgery presents an alternative to superior oblique muscle tenotomy in treating inferior oblique paresis.
Evaluation of Coated and Uncoated Synthetic Absorbable Sutures in Rabbit Limbal Wounds
Authors: Sugar Alan , Bahn Charles F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Polymer coatings have been applied to braided synthetic absorbable sutures to decrease tissue drag and improve knot tying characteristics. To examine the possibility that increased "slipperiness" would decrease knot security, coated (Dexon Plus) and uncoated (Dexon S) polyglycolic acid sutures were compared in rabbit limbal wounds. Both suture types had comparable knot security, tissue reaction, and absorption rates, while the coated sutures caused less tissue drag. Clinical trials of coated polyglycolic acid suture for limbal wounds are warranted.
The Use of Postoperative Beta Radiation in the Treatment of Pterygia
Authors: Alaniz-Camino Francisco 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Results of 483 cases of pterygia treated with surgery and prophylactic postoperatory beta therapy are discussed.
Distribution by age and sex show the predominant age range to be between 20 to 50 years with an almost equal proportion of males and females. The postoperative dose administrated was 2800 rads in four to five days overall time, with a recurrence rate of 4.32%. Of this group of recurrent cases, only one patient received the first irradiation treatment immediately after surgery; the rest were treated 24 hoursafter being operated. We have found no undesirable side effects or damage produced by beta radiation.
Chemical Preparation of Skin and Eye in Ophthalmic Surgery: An International Survey
Authors: Apt Leonard , Isenberg Sherwin 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We surveyed 214 ophthalmologists worldwide to learn their methods of preoperative chemical preparation of eye and skin. A 96.8% return rate was achieved. While a wide diversity of agents was reported, povidone- iodine was the most popular agent applied to the skin. The conjunctiva usually was either ignored or rinsed with a saline sol ution by the respondents. Almost a quarter used mild silver protein (Argyrol) on the conjunctiva. Most of the preparation is performed by the physician rather than the nurse. Review of the advantages and pitfalls of the agents reported should cause the ophthalmologist to reconsider these agents for their effectiveness, spectrum, and duration of action.
Adherence of Mouse Macrophages to Plastic Lens Implants-Resulting in the Formation of a Cellular Membrane
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Kunkel Steven L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
An experiment for the study of the adherence of mouse macrophages to lens implants under tissue culture conditions has been developed. Formation of a continuous monolayer of cells on the surface of a plastic implant after 18 hours of incubation is demonstrated when this is exposed to a fluid with a high concentration of macrophages. Fewer macrophages in a thin fluid layer on the surface of a tissue culture dish made of clear plastic under the same conditions also showed adherence in a noncontinuous pattern. Some of these macrophages adherent to the surface of the plastic dish resembled reactive cell types that have previously been seen on lens implants removed from human eyes.
Ultrasonic Capsule Polisher: A New Instrument and Technique
Authors: Devine Terence M 
Published: April 2021

Terence M. Devine, M.D.
ABSTRACT
An ultrasonic I/E capsule polisher is described. The instrument is capable of safely removing dense cortical plaques which could not be removed with conventional instruments. Its use for both capsule polishing and cortical clean-up is discussed.
Little Known Volume Considerations in Irrigation, Aspiration
Authors: Ballin Norman 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I have measured infusion rates and collection rates for the Cavitron, Site and Storz I-A instruments, and for several needle systems. The Cavitron and Site instruments move large volumes per unit time, while the Storz is a low volume system. Leakage is the major source of total volumes used with the larger needles. Port size and needle bore diameter both have some effect on rapidity of flow through a needle, but needle diameter is more important.
Diagnosis and Localization of Intraocular Foreign Bodies by Computed Tomography
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Tadmor Rina , Treister Giora , Blumenthal Michael , Belkin Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Computed Tomography (CT) is the only imaging modality whereby bone and anatomical soft tissue structures are clearly defined. Detection of intraocular foreign bodies (FBs) can be easily obtained by scanning in the axial plane. For the precise localization of FBs, information in two planes is necessary; this is usually achieved by adding a CT study in the coronal plane to the axial plane study. When using a superimposed grid with millimeter calibration on a zoom orbital scan, the accurate location can be calculated. This contribution is of the utmost importance in deciding upon the appropriate approach when surgical removal is indicated.
Foreign Body Masquerading as a Ruptured Globe
Authors: Lins Michael , Kopietz Leslie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Low density orbital foreign bodies may not be detected on plain x-ray. In this case, a large anterior orbital foreign body was seen by examiners, but was misinterpreted as a ruptured globe. This misdiagnosis was supported by conventional x-rays which failed to show the object. It was later easily visualized on CT scan.
Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon®) in the Surgical Repair of Descemet's Membrane Detachment
Authors: Donzis Paul B , Karcioglu Zeynel A , Insler Michael S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two cases of Descemet's membrane detachment are presented. In both cases, sodium hyaluronate (Healon®) was successfully used to repair the detachment surgically. The viscoelastic property of sodium hyaluronate allows it to move Descemets membrane easily into proper position and maintain it there post-operatively. Sodium hyaluronate left in the anterior chamber can cause an increase in intraocular pressure and prophylactic measures, such as diamox and timoptic should be used in these cases.
Contact Laser: Thermal Sclerostomy ab interna
Authors: Federman Jay L , Wilson Richard P , Ando Fumitaka , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An experimental technique utilizing a sapphire contact laser probe for thermal sclerostomy ab interna is described. The contact laser probe with a tip diameter of 0.2 mm is brought in contact with the trabecular meshwork. Using 3.50 watts of cw Nd:YAG at 0.1 second duration, three to five exposures established communication between anterior chamber and subconjunctival space in pigmented rabbits.
Posterior Chamber IOLs Inside or Outside the Capsular Bag: A Cytopathologic Comparison of Two Eyes in One Patient
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compare the intraocular reaction to posterior chamber lens implants placed inside, with the reaction to implants placed outside the capsular bag during uncomplicated cataract extraction. Two otherwise normal eyes were obtained postmortem from a 93-year-old woman with clinically successful posterior chamber lens implants-one mostly in and the other outside of the capsular bag. While all parts of one implant in the bag were found to be free of reactive elements on their surface, the other whole implant and the one haptic outside of the bag were covered by a well-developed reactive membrane composed of a proteinaceous film with sessile macrophages and a few giant cells. Despite these remarkably different surface reactions, both eyes showed about equal pathologic evidence of associated chronic uveitus.
Ophthalmic Surgical Complications in Werner's Syndrome: Report on 18 Eyes of Nine Patients
Authors: Jonas J B , Ruprecht K W , Schmitz-Valckenberg P , Brambring D , Platt D , Gebhart E , Schachtschabel D O , Naumann G O H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In ten of 18 eyes from nine patients with Werner's syndrome cataract surgery was complicated by wound dehiscence and its consequences: peripheral anterior synechiae (4×), secondary epiretinal gliosis (4×), cystoid macular edema (3×) in the framework of Hruby-Irvine-Gass syndrome, unplanned filtering bleb (2×), and postoperative anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (1×). Additionally, corneal endothelial decompensation occurred in eight eyes. In view of the fibroblasts' reduced growth potential, we suggest small surgical incisions, extracapsular cataract surgery using phacoemulsification, intraocular irrigation solutions protecting corneal endothelium, nonabsorbable single knot sutures not removed before 1 year after surgery, and no local or systemic use of cortisone.
Lower Lid Retraction in Traumatic Disinsertion of the Inferior Rectus Muscle
Authors: Catalano Robert A , Nelson Leonard B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Traumatic disinsertion of an inferior rectus muscle in a 25-year-old man was diagnosed preoperatively by an associated lower lid retraction. This finding is significant in differentiating a traumatic disinsertion of the inferior rectus from an inferior rectus palsy secondary to an orbital floor fracture. Associated findings include ipsilateral hypertropia, impaired depression of the affected eye in abduction, the formation of a sulcus in the lower lid on attempted downgaze, negative forced duction testing, and positive forced muscle generation.
Complications of Eyelid Reconstruction Using a Semicircular Flap
Authors: Miller Elizabeth A , Boynton James R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Complications of the semicircular flap technique of eyelid reconstruction include lateral canthal webbing, ectropion, lid notching, symblepharon, and tissue fullness of the lateral lid. These difficulties occur infrequently and rarely cause significant problems. Attention to surgical details, however, can minimize unfavorable results. It should be emphasized that the semicircular flap remains a superb technique for reconstruction of defects involving up to 80% of the lower eyelid.
Early Pseudophakic Keratopathy: Revealing Macrophage Reaction in Endothelial Layer
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Soong H Kaz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The pathology of early Pseudophakic keratopathy is demonstrated in a corneal button obtained at penetrating keratoplasty for persisting corneal edema and bullous keratopathy 4 months following extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber lens implant. Histological examination revealed a distinct cell loss and a macrophage reaction that was centered on degenerating endothelial cells in the corneal endothelium.
Closed Loop Anterior Chamber Lens: A Review of 127 Leiske Lens Implants
Authors: Story Paul G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One hundred twenty-seven consecutively implanted Surgidev Style 10 Leiske Lenses were evaluated. Average time of follow-up was 41.3 months. Although final acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 93% of patients, the surgical reintervention rate was 14%. Penetrating keratoplasty was required in seven of ten patients with corneal edema-5.5% of all eyes. Oval pupils were noted in 71% of cases. An upwardly mobile lens with displacement through the superior iridotomy was noted in 7.9% of eyes and required reoperation in 5.5% of the 127 eyes. It is recommended that use of the Surgidev Style 10 Lens be discontinued.