bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYC Levels Regulate Metastatic Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Maddipati Ravikanth , Norgard Robert J. , Baslan Timour , Rathi Komal S. , Zhang Amy , Saeid Asal , Higashihara Taku , Wu Feng , Kumar Angad , Annamalai Valli , Bhattacharya Saurav , Raman Pichai , Adkisson Christian A. , Pitarresi Jason R. , Wengyn Maximilian D. , Yamazoe Taiji , Li Jinyang , Balli David , LaRiviere Michael J. , Ngo Tuong-Vi C. , Folkert Ian W. , Millstein Ian D. , Bermeo Jonathan , Carpenter Erica L. , McAuliffe John C. , Oktay Maja H. , Brekken Rolf A. , Lowe Scott W. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Notta Faiyaz , Stanger Ben Z. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The degree of metastatic disease varies widely among patients with cancer and affects clinical outcomes. However, the biological and functional differences that drive the extent of metastasis are poorly understood. We analyzed primary tumors and paired metastases using a multifluorescent lineage-labeled mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)—a tumor type in which most patients present with metastases. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed an association between metastatic burden and gene amplification or transcriptional upregulation of MYC and its downstream targets. Functional experiments showed that MYC promotes metastasis by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages, leading to greater bloodstream intravasation. Consistent with these findings, metastatic progression in human PDAC was associated with activation of MYC signaling pathways and enrichment for MYC amplifications specifically in metastatic patients. Collectively, these results implicate MYC activity as a major determinant of metastatic burden in advanced PDAC.

Significance:
Here, we investigate metastatic variation seen clinically in patients with PDAC and murine PDAC tumors and identify MYC as a major driver of this heterogeneity.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275
Gender Differences in Politician Persistence
Authors: Wasserman Melanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper documents gender differences in the career paths of novice politicians. Using trajectories of over 11,000 candidates for California local offices and a regression discontinuity approach, I investigate the persistence of candidates after they win or lose elections. Losing an election causes over 50% more attrition among female than male candidates. Yet the gender gap in persistence depends on the setting: there is a smaller gap among candidates for high female representation offices and among candidates with prior elective experience. I discuss how the expected costs and benefits of running again potentially explain the gender gap in persistence.
Time-Varying Uncertainty of the Federal Reserve's Output Gap Estimate
Authors: Berge Travis J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA factor stochastic volatility model estimates the common component to output gap estimates produced by the staff of the Federal Reserve, its time-varying volatility, and time-varying, horizon-specific forecast uncertainty. The output gap estimates are uncertain even well after the fact. Nevertheless, the common component is clearly procyclical, and positive innovations to the common component produce movements in macroeconomic variables consistent with an increase in aggregate demand. Heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, as measured by the common component's volatility, leads to persistently negative economic responses.
Efficiency and Equilibrium in Network Games: An Experiment
Authors: Gallo Edoardo , Yan Chang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The tension between efficiency and equilibrium is a central feature of economic systems. We examine this tradeoff in a network game with a unique Nash equilibrium in which agents can achieve a higher payoff by following a “collaborative norm.” Subjects establish and maintain a collaborative norm in the circle, but the norm weakens with the introduction of one hub connected to everyone in the wheel. In complex and asymmetric networks of 15 and 21 nodes, the norm disappears and subjects' play converges to Nash. We provide evidence that subjects base their decisions on their degree, rather than the overall network structure.
Impulse Purchases, Gun Ownership, and Homicides: Evidence from a Firearm Demand Shock
Authors: Koenig Christoph , Schindler David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Do firearm purchase delay laws reduce aggregate homicide levels? Using variation from a six-month countrywide gun demand shock in 2012/2013, we show that U.S. states with legislation preventing immediate handgun purchases experienced smaller increases in handgun sales. Our findings indicate that this is likely driven by comparatively lower purchases among impulsive consumers. We then demonstrate that states with purchase delays also witnessed comparatively 2% lower homicide rates during the same period. Further evidence shows that lower handgun sales coincided primarily with fewer impulsive assaults and points toward reduced acts of domestic violence.
“In the Key of Loss”
Authors: Marcus Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article addresses a particular example of the intersection of literature and cinema in the film Call Me By Your Name, made by Luca Guadagnino and based on the novel of the same title by André Aciman, and the themes of nostalgia and loss in the work of both. The film results from the encounter, in its production and in a large number of retrospective discussions, between the cosmopolitan writer André Aciman and the Italian director Luca Guadagnino who, while attentive to global issues such as the trans-Mediterranean migration which features in the film, is very much grounded in his home region of northern Italy. The (rather differently figured) Jewish and homosexual identities of the two protagonists in the novel and the film are also addressed.
A Filmmaker in His Library
Authors: Mirizio Annalisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In his 1952 essay “For an Impure Cinema: In Defense of Adaptation,” André Bazin defended cinema’s “impurity” as a necessary element in the medium’s formal evolution and technical development. The Italian writer, filmmaker, and essayist Pier Paolo Pasolini based his own artistic method on the tension among the distinct artistic languages that characterizes Bazin’s “impure cinema,” thereby situating his work in his “library-laboratory,” a space where ideas circulate beyond their disciplinary fields. In keeping with Bazin’s essay, this article illuminates how Pasolini turned his library into a toolbox and blurred the boundaries between mediums of creation and categories of theoretical thought.
The War of the Worlds May Well Start in Latin America
Authors: Medina Cordova Luis A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the literature-cinema dialogue established by the Ecuadorian writer Gabriela Alemán in her short story collection La muerte silba un blues (2014). Firstly, I revise how Alemán borrows the production methods of the cult Spanish filmmaker Jesús “Jess” Franco to craft a collection that aids us to see the world as an interconnected whole. Secondly, I close read the story that opens the collection, El extraño viaje, which takes Orson Welles’ radiophonic adaptation of The War of the Worlds to the Ecuadorian context. My argument is that, in making the city of Quito the target of H.G. Wells’ Martian invasion, Alemán engages with a rich history of multimedia adaptations and places Ecuador’s capital at the centre of a global narrative. I argue that her work decentres and recentres world literature dynamics where Latin American literature in general, and Ecuadorian writing in particular, sit at the periphery of world literary systems.
Modeling the Electrical Energy Discharged by Lightning Flashes Using Capacitors for Application with Lightning Datasets
Authors: Salinas Vicente , Bruning Eric C. , Mansell Edward R. , Brothers Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study employed a parallel-plate capacitor model by which the electrostatic energy of lightning flashes could be estimated by considering only their physical dimensions and breakdown electric fields in two simulated storms. The capacitor model has previously been used to approximate total storm electrostatic energy but is modified here to use the geometry of individual lightning flashes to mimic the local charge configuration where flashes were initiated. The energy discharged may then be diagnosed without context of a storm’s entire charge structure. The capacitor model was evaluated using simulated flashes from two storms modeled by the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (COMMAS). Initial capacitor model estimates followed the temporal evolution of the flash discharge energy of COMMAS for each storm but demonstrated the need to account for an adjustment factor μc to represent the fraction of energy a flash dissipates, as this model assumes the entire preflash energy is discharged by a flash. Individual values of μc were obtained simply by using the ratio of the COMMAS flash to capacitor energy. Median values were selected to represent the flash populations for each storm, and were in range of . Application of aligned the magnitudes of the capacitor model discharge energy estimates to those of COMMAS and to those estimated in previous studies. Therefore, by considering a μc within range of , application of the capacitor model for observed lightning datasets is suggested.
Doppler-Lidar Evaluation of HRRR-Model Skill at Simulating Summertime Wind Regimes in the Columbia River Basin during WFIP2
Authors: Banta Robert M. , Pichugina Yelena L. , Darby Lisa S. , Brewer W. Alan , Olson Joseph B. , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Baidar S. , Benjamin S.G. , Fernando H.J.S. , Lantz K.O. , Lundquist J.K. , McCarty B.J. , Marke T. , Sandberg S.P. , Sharp J. , Shaw W.J. , Turner D.D. , Wilczak J.M. , Worsnop R. , Stoelinga M.T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComplex-terrain locations often have repeatable near-surface wind patterns, such as synoptic gap flows and local thermally forced flows. An example is the Columbia River Valley in east-central Oregon-Washington, a significant wind-energy-generation region and the site of the Second Wind-Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2). Data from three Doppler lidars deployed during WFIP2 define and characterize summertime wind regimes and their large-scale contexts, and provide insight into NWP model errors by examining differences in the ability of a model [NOAA’s High-Resolution Rapid-Refresh (HRRR-version1)] to forecast wind-speed profiles for different regimes. Seven regimes were identified based on daily time series of the lidar-measured rotor-layer winds, which then suggested two broad categories. First, in three regimes the primary dynamic forcing was the large-scale pressure gradient. Second, in two regimes the dominant forcing was the diurnal heating-cooling cycle (regional sea-breeze-type dynamics), including the marine intrusion previously described, which generates strong nocturnal winds over the region. The other two included a hybrid regime and a non-conforming regime. For the large-scale pressure-gradient regimes, HRRR had wind-speed biases of ~1 m s−1 and RMSEs of 2-3 m s−1. Errors were much larger for the thermally forced regimes, owing to the premature demise of the strong nocturnal flow in HRRR. Thus, the more dominant the role of surface heating in generating the flow, the larger the errors. Major errors could result from surface heating of the atmosphere, boundary-layer responses to that heating, and associated terrain interactions. Measurement/modeling research programs should be aimed at determining which modeled processes produce the largest errors, so those processes can be improved and errors reduced.
Examining Terrain Effects on an Upstate New York Tornado Event Utilizing a High-Resolution Model Simulation
Authors: LeBel Luke J. , Tang Brian H. , Lazear Ross A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe complex terrain at the intersection of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys of New York has an impact on the development and evolution of severe convection in the region. Specifically, previous research has concluded that terrain-channeled flow in the Mohawk and Hudson valleys likely contributes to increased low-level wind shear and instability in the valleys during severe weather events such as the historic 31 May 1998 event that produced a strong (F3) tornado in Mechanicville, New York.The goal of this study is to further examine the impact of terrain channeling on severe convection by analyzing a high-resolution WRF model simulation of the 31 May 1998 event. Results from the simulation suggest that terrain-channeled flow resulted in the localized formation of an enhanced low-level moisture gradient, resembling a dryline, at the intersection of the Mohawk and Hudson valleys. East of this boundary, the environment was characterized by stronger low-level wind shear and greater low-level moisture and instability, increasing tornadogenesis potential. A simulated supercell intensified after crossing the boundary, as the larger instability and streamwise vorticity of the low-level inflow was ingested into the supercell updraft. These results suggest that terrain can have a key role in producing mesoscale inhomogeneities that impact the evolution of severe convection. Recognition of these terrain-induced boundaries may help in anticipating where the risk of severe weather may be locally enhanced.
Vesicular formation regulated by ERK/MAPK pathway mediates human erythroblast enucleation
Authors: An Chao , Huang Yumin , Li Mengjia , Xue Fumin , Nie Dingrui , Zhao Huizhi , Chen Lixiang , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , Sun Ling , Jiang Zhongxing , Mohandas Narla , An Xiuli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Enucleation is a key event in mammalian erythropoiesis responsible for the generation of enucleated reticulocytes. Although progress is being made in developing mechanistic understanding of enucleation, our understanding of mechanisms for enucleation is still incomplete. The MAPK pathway plays diverse roles in biological processes, but its role in erythropoiesis has yet to be fully defined. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data revealed that the MAPK pathway is significantly upregulated during human terminal erythroid differentiation. The MAPK pathway consists of 3 major signaling cassettes: MEK/ERK, p38, and JNK. In the present study, we show that among these 3 cassettes, only ERK was significantly upregulated in late-stage human erythroblasts. The increased expression of ERK along with its increased phosphorylation suggests a potential role for ERK activation in enucleation. To explore this hypothesis, we treated sorted populations of human orthochromatic erythroblasts with the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 and found that U0126 inhibited enucleation. In contrast, inhibitors of either p38 or JNK had no effect on enucleation. Mechanistically, U0126 selectively inhibited formation/accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles and endocytosis of the transferrin receptor without affecting chromatin condensation, nuclear polarization, or enucleosome formation. Treatment with vacuolin-1 that induces vacuole formation partially rescued the blockage of enucleation by U0126. Moreover, phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that inactivation of the ERK pathway led to downregulation of the endocytic recycling pathway. Collectively, our findings uncovered a novel role of ERK activation in human erythroblast enucleation by modulating vesicle formation and have implications for understanding anemia associated with defective enucleation.
Language diversity and challenges to communication in Indian emergency departments
Authors: Douglass Katherine , Narayan Lalit , Allen Rebecca , Pandya Jay , Talib Zohray 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Communication in emergency departments (ED) in India is complicated by the country’s immense language diversity. Prior research has revealed challenges in language and communication as barriers to care. Our objective was to quantify language diversity among clinicians in Indian EDs and better understand issues related to clinician-clinician and clinician-patient communication.

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey of ED clinicians was conducted. Survey participants were recruited in-person and through email at six partner sites in India. ANOVA and binary logistic regression were used for subgroup analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ED clinicians. Interview data was analyzed using the rapid assessment process to determine predominant themes.

Results
106 clinicians completed the survey. On average, clinicians spoke 3.75 languages. Seventy-one percent used a non-English language to speak to fellow clinicians most of the time, and 53% reported at least one critical incident over the last year where poor communication played a part. Interviews revealed challenges including low health literacy, high patient volume, and workplace hierarchy.

Conclusions
This study is the first to document the impact of language diversity and communication barriers in Indian EDs. The results highlight the need for effective strategies to improve communication between the multiple languages spoken by clinicians and patients.
A single chromosome strain of S. cerevisiae exhibits diminished ethanol metabolism and tolerance
Authors: Doughty Tyler W. , Yu Rosemary , Chao Lucy Fang-I , Qin Zhongjun , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Eukaryotic organisms, like the model yeast S. cerevisiae, have linear chromosomes that facilitate organization and protection of nuclear DNA. A recent work described a stepwise break/repair method that enabled fusion of the 16 chromosomes of S. cerevisiae into a single large chromosome. Construction of this strain resulted in the removal of 30 of 32 telomeres, over 300 kb of subtelomeric DNA, and 107 subtelomeric ORFs. Despite these changes, characterization of the single chromosome strain uncovered modest phenotypes compared to a reference strain.

Results
This study further characterized the single chromosome strain and found that it exhibited a longer lag phase, increased doubling time, and lower final biomass concentration compared with a reference strain when grown on YPD. These phenotypes were amplified when ethanol was added to the medium or used as the sole carbon source. RNAseq analysis showed poor induction of genes involved in diauxic shift, ethanol metabolism, and fatty-acid ß-oxidation during growth on ethanol compared to the reference strain. Enzyme-constrained metabolic modeling identified decreased flux through the enzymes that are encoded by these poorly induced genes as a likely cause of diminished biomass accumulation. The diminished growth on ethanol for the single chromosome strain was rescued by nicotinamide, an inhibitor of sirtuin family deacetylases, which have been shown to silence gene expression in heterochromatic regions.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that sirtuin-mediated silencing in the single chromosome strain interferes with growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. We propose that the removal of subtelomeric DNA that would otherwise be bound by sirtuins leads to silencing at other loci in the single chromosome strain. Further, we hypothesize that the poorly induced genes in the single chromosome strain during ethanol growth could be silenced by sirtuins in wildtype S. cerevisiae during growth on glucose.
Detection of shallow anterior chamber depth from two-dimensional anterior segment photographs using deep learning
Authors: Qian Zhuyun , Xie Xiaoling , Yang Jianlong , Ye Hongfei , Wang Zhilei , Chen Jili , Liu Hui , Liang Jianheng , Jiang Lihong , Zheng Ce , Chen Xu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a deep learning (DL) approach for automatically detecting shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) from two-dimensional (2D) overview anterior segment photographs.

Methods
We trained a DL model using a dataset of anterior segment photographs collected from Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019. A Pentacam HR system was used to capture a 2D overview eye image and measure the ACD. Shallow ACD was defined as ACD less than 2.4 mm. The DL model was evaluated by a five-fold cross-validation test in a hold-out testing dataset. We also evaluated the DL model by testing it against two glaucoma specialists. The performance of the DL model was calculated by metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
A total of 3753 photographs (1720 shallow AC and 2033 deep AC images) were assigned to the training dataset, and 1302 photographs (509 shallow AC and 793 deep AC images) were held out for two internal testing datasets. In detecting shallow ACD in the internal hold-out testing dataset, the DL model achieved an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.90) with 80% sensitivity and 79% specificity. In the same testing dataset, the DL model also achieved better performance than the two glaucoma specialists (accuracy of 80% vs. accuracy of 74 and 69%).

Conclusions
We proposed a high-performing DL model to automatically detect shallow ACD from overview anterior segment photographs. Our DL model has potential applications in detecting and monitoring shallow ACD in the real world.

Trial registration
http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04340635, retrospectively registered on 29 March 2020.
Self-compassion in medical students: a pilot study of its association with professionalism pressure
Authors: Světlák Miroslav , Daňhelová Šárka , Kóša Barbora , Slezáčková Alena , Šumec Rastislav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To be a “good doctor” and have “good medical practices” are apparent goals for both medical students and medical faculties. However, the associated implicit and explicit standards could be a source of distress in the form of pressure to achieve professionalism. Self-compassion has been identified as a transtherapeutic factor that plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining mental health. It seems to be an essential meta-skill to learn, especially for medical students who often perceive imperfection as failure. In this pilot study, we investigated the qualities that medical students attribute to the “good doctor” concept, how they perceive themselves compared to this concept, and whether any possible discrepancy between these two perspectives could be associated with self-compassion.

Methods
Altogether, 301 medical students participated in the study (mean age 22.3 ± 2.1; 71.8 % female). The discrepancy between concepts was measured by a semantic differential consisting of a list of 36 adjectives and antonyms that students repeatedly mentioned in courses in their responses to the question “What should a doctor be like?” Self-compassion was measured by the Self-Compassion Scale.

Results
The obtained results offer an insight into students’ conceptualization of a “good doctor” and the hierarchy of given characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between the discrepancy between the “ideal” doctor concept vs. actual self-perception and Self-Compassion Scale scores. The more students are compassionate to themselves, the lower the discrepancy.

Conclusions
The current pilot study supports the hypothesis that student self-compassion could play some role in the degree of discrepancy between the ideal “good doctor” image and student self-concept. This result could support the importance of educational interventions developing self-compassion for medical students. The proposed discrepancy measurement could also be a tool for measuring the effect of well-being programs aimed at self-compassion in medical students.