bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Customers in Extreme Programming Projects
Authors:   , Martin Angela Michelle 
Published: November 2021

<p>eXtreme programming (XP) is one of a new breed of methods, collectively known as the agile methods, that are challenging conventional wisdom regarding systems development processes and practices. Practitioners specifically designed the agile methods to meet the business problems and challenges we face building software today. As such, these methods are receiving significant attention in practitioner literature. In order to operate effectively in the world of vague and changing requirements, XP moves the emphasis away from document-centric processes into practices that enable people. The Customer is the primary organisational facing role in eXtreme Programming (XP). The Customer's explicit responsibilities are to drive the project, providing project requirements (user stories) and quality control (acceptance testing). Unfortunately the customer must also shoulder a number of implicit responsibilities including liaison with external project stakeholders, especially project funders, clients, and end users, while maintaining the trust of both the development team and the wider business. This thesis presents a grounded theory of XP software development requirements elicitation, communication, and acceptance, which was guided by three major research questions. What is the experience of being an XP Customer? We found that teams agree that the on-site customer practice is a drastic improvement to the traditional document-centric approaches. Our results indicate, however, that the customers are consistently under pressure and commit long hours to the project in order to fulfil the customer role. So while this approach to requirements is achieving excellent results, it also appears to be unsustainable and thus constitutes a great risk to XP projects. Who is the XP Customer? The initial definition of XP resulted in many people interpreting the onsite customer to be a single person. This research has highlighted that a customer team always exists, and goes further to outline the ten different roles that were covered on the team, which range from the recognised "Acceptance Tester" role to the less recognised roles of "Political Advisor" and "Super-Secretary". What are the practices that support an XP Customer to perform their role effectively on a software development project? An additional eight customer-focused practices have been uncovered to supplement the existing XP practices. These customer-focused practices together enable customers to sustainably drive XP projects to successful completion. The practices range from those that specifically focus on interaction (both with the programmer team and the larger organisation) e.g. "Programmer On-site" and "Roadshows" to those that specifically look to the well-being and effectiveness of the customer (e.g. "Pair Customering") to those that highlight the key steps or activities that need to occur along the way (e.g. "Big Picture Up-Front" and "Recalibration").</p>
Developing Confidence: Visual Art Teaching in a Primary School
Authors:   , Bowell Ian 
Published: November 2021

<p>In New Zealand specialist courses in the arts at undergraduate level, and one year diplomas in teaching have been reduced. Visual art advisory time allocated to primary school teachers has also been reduced. As a result teachers' confidence in teaching visual art is under threat. This study focused on a group of generalist primary school teachers as they worked to develop their confidence in the teaching of visual art. They worked as a non-hierarchical collaborative group, using action research to analyse the voices of the children in their school, and to reflect on their own practice. Following their reflections they used their developed confidence to develop a visual art self-assessment system. Their developed confidence in teaching visual art enabled them to offer support in the teaching of visual art to other teachers within the school. However, the narrow focus of the study did not allow exploration of why the participants were motivated to develop their expertise in the teaching of visual art. The limitations of the data also failed to reveal whether the participants were able to sustain their collaborative working relationship after the study ended. The study recommends further research into the long-term sustainability of teacher collaborative groups and the motivation that enables teachers to develop their confidence in the teaching of visual art.</p>
Clinical Nurse Leaders Within a New Zealand Setting: the Culture of Business and the Profession of Nursing
Authors:   , Gardner Suzanne Mary Frances 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis reports on an action research project undertaken to explore the role of the Clinical Nurse leader (CNL) in a District Health Board (DHB) in New Zealand. The CNL role has evolved against a backdrop of significant reforms that took place in the country in the 1990s. These reforms altered how public health services were funded, organised and delivered. Nursing leadership positions at both executive and clinical level were challenged in the reforms, as health services were expected to function using a market model. Not surprisingly, this clashed with the humanism of nursing. The action research project involved seven CNLs researching with the principal investigator to explore the role and establish how support afforded the role could be further improved. The research had two phases: Phase One involved each CNL being interviewed one-on-one and Phase Two involved a series of 10 action research meetings and related activities. The findings of the interviews consisted of 24 themes that related to the role of the CNL, the attributes of the CNL, the skills and knowledge requirements of the CNL, and the experience of being a CNL. These themes were presented by the principal researcher at the second action research meeting as the starting point for the group to decide its agenda. After three meetings, the group chose to focus on two themes: the conflict experienced between the leadership and management aspects of the role; and professional development afforded the role. The group identified what was important, agreeing the role was one of leadership and management as well as patient care. Plans for role development for themselves and for the advancement of new CNLs were also created. The project provides an important contribution to our understanding of the work of the CNL. Not only did it produce outcomes related to role, support and scope but it also shed light on the importance of the relationship between the role and its context of the DHB. The culture of business and the profession of nursing and a shared understanding of responsibilities as a way forward were recommended.</p>
Comparison of Radial and Femoral Approaches for Coronary Angiography with or without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Relation to Vascular Access Site Complications
Authors:   , Woodhead Jonele Maree 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background A major population health objective in New Zealand is to reduce the incidence and impact of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains New Zealand's leading cause of death (41%). This high demand on health services indicates the need for improved therapies and treatment. Significant advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) offers many patients who would not typically be eligible for treatment, the chance for a better quality of life living with coronary artery disease (CAD). At present femoral access is primarily used for coronary angiography and or PCI procedures, however more recently there has been a gradual shift to using the radial access approach. Study objective The study's objective was to look at comparing the different access sites used for coronary angiography (CA) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the significance of the rates of vascular access site complications. The research question considered was; "Is there a significant difference in the vascular access site complication rates when comparing radial to femoral approaches for coronary angiography?" Methodology and design A cohort study design used observational prospective data on radial approaches and compared this with historical retrospective data on femoral approaches. The secondary (comparative) data was extracted from historical records, from earlier research I had completed. The collection of the secondary data involved strict criteria so that the observational study participants had similar baseline characteristics to ensure validity of this study. One hundred participants were recruited for each (prospective and retrospective) database and then compared and analysed. Findings The use of a radial approach for CA and PCI has a significant decrease in combined vascular access site complications (haematoma, vasovagal and arterial bleed), (p value 0.001), OR 0.28 (0.13-0.62). Haematoma is the main vascular complication (p value 0.009), OR 0.29 (0.11-0.74). Conclusion This study, although small, can be used as a pilot study for a more detailed and bigger national study within New Zealand. From the results it is clear there is a significant decrease in the vascular site complication rates when a radial approach is undertaken for CA and/or PCI. Through education and clinical practice, the radial approach would ensure better patient safety, satisfaction and comfort which would help reduce the patients length of stay and increase patients treated with timely discharges. It could also help decrease the nurses' workload caring for the patient with the radial approach due to the lesser complication rates. More extensive use of radial approaches for CA and or PCI would ensure the above benefits for the patients, staff and the organisation.</p>
The Impacts of Working with People Experiencing Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Nurses Describe Their Experience
Authors:   , Murtagh Lynley 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand has one of the highest suicide rates in the world and mental health nurses are the most likely professionals to assess a person presenting with suicidal ideation. Managing a suicidal crisis is acknowledged as being one of the most difficult and frightening challenges facing mental health professionals. This research aimed to have mental health nurses who work in acute mental health settings describe the impact that working with people experiencing suicidal ideation has on their personal and professional lives. This study followed the tenets of fundamental qualitative description as presented by Sandelowski (2000). Five mental health nurses participated in individual semi structured interviews. The data collected under-went systematic thematic analysis and the extracted findings were presented as a straight description. The findings from this study revealed that personal philosophies of care, the work place culture, organisational and professional expectations and their personal concepts about suicide all influenced the experiences of these participants. Mental exhaustion, tension and feelings of isolation and alienation from family and society were universal experiences. Two recommendations have been made based on the insights gained from this research. These are; tertiary institutions should offer post graduate studies on the subject of suicide as it relates to mental health nursing and national guidelines for the provision of supervision to mental health nurses need to be developed.</p>
Uncharted Waters: Influencing Practice Through a Life Course Approach: How Caregivers' Life Experience Can Influence the Care They Give to the Elderly at the End of Life
Authors:   , Gellatly Katherine Anne 
Published: November 2021

<p>This project originates from my experience as a Palliative Care Nurse Specialist Educator working from a hospice environment. Observations and collaborative partnerships with staff in Aged Care Facilities provided insight into the palliative care needs of the residents at the end-of-life. Care Assistants (caregivers) provide the majority of direct care and spend most time with residents, with little training for providing that care, to residents with increasingly complex needs. A two phase exploratory descriptive project was designed using the life course research paradigm and life story narrative research to consider what life experience caregivers brought to their caregiving role in an Aged Care Facility in New Zealand and what influence education had on their work life. In the first phase a focus group, following education and the implementation of the Liverpool Care Pathway, was conducted and themes identified from an interdisciplinary staff team discussion. In phase two of the project four of the caregivers participated in a life story interview. The thematic analysis of these transcripts provided insight into the four caregivers' life experience. A novel method termed poetic condensation was used in the study to identify the essence of each person's life story. The researcher then reflected on each of the four life stories and identified the turning point in the person's life and a caring moment from the transcript. The discussion in the thesis reveals the impact of the education sessions and implementation of the Liverpool Care Pathway on the caregivers' practice and how this became a turning point in the delivery of care for the elderly residents particularly those who were dying in the Aged Care Facility. The researcher concludes the thesis by recognizing that her role as a palliative care clinical nurse specialist and educator is necessary to transfer specialist end-of-life knowledge and mentor staff as they shape best end-of-life practice.</p>
Change, Choice and Difference: the Case of RN to BN Degree Programmes for Registered Nurses
Authors:   , Smith Tina Lynette 
Published: November 2021

<p>Bachelor of Nursing (BN) programmes for Registered Nurses (RNs) were developed in New Zealand in the 1990s. With the introduction of pre-registration degree programmes, transition arrangements that recognised the prior learning of RNs were established allowing existing RNs to obtain an undergraduate nursing degree through a shortened course. Many RNs entered these programmes, despite there being no requirement to obtain a degree qualification and with other education options available to them. Professional debate exists regarding the need or value of RNs undertaking such study and whether these programmes should continue. A case study approach utilising mixed methods was used to examine the personal meaning and the national professional significance of RN to BN programmes. While ultimately the outcome of earlier professional efforts, these programmes occurred as a result of change, change within the socio-political and economic context of New Zealand and nursing education. Change at this macro level affected the individual choices of RNs. These choices were further complicated by a lack of professional consensus and a landscape of difference, with programme requirements and availability differing between institutions, while employers varied in the amount of support and recognition they gave those who chose this option. There were personal and financial costs to completing a RN to BN programme, yet the RNs in this study all believed it was worth it, reporting positive personal and professional outcomes. The professional and educational environment has changed since the introduction of RN to BN programmes and the numbers of individuals and institutions involved with them have greatly reduced. Currently decisions regarding the continuation or demise of these programmes are made by individual educational institutions based mainly on economic rationale. Consensus and direction is required nationally and professionally regarding the place of these programmes within post-registration education. While these programmes have provided benefits for individual RNs, their time in nursing education may be coming to an end.</p>
The Domain of Nursing: Developing Practice Through Action Research in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   , La Pine Mary Patricia 
Published: November 2021

<p>In the intensive care unit (ICU) the bedside nurse is the person who carries out the fundamental care to sustain life and comfort for that patient and is the conduit between the patient, their family/whanau, the doctors and the multi disciplinary team. Nursing practice has an indelible impact on that patient's life and future and for their family. This thesis presents a project on the reconnaissance phase of a future critical action research project. The project involved ICU nurses collectively defining their practice within the context of ICU and identifying aspects which needed development and change. As this was the first time that the nurses had met to define and discuss their practice it was essential for them to take this time in order to focus on the reconnaissance phase as this will guide and inform all future action. The study is informed by Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action which has an emancipatory focus. The action research approach enabled the nurses to reach mutual understanding of their practice and reach consensus on areas of practice they wish to develop to enhance their care of the patient. Mutual understanding and consensus have been achieved using focus groups and interviews involving self reflection as well as collective reflection. The reconnaissance phase as described in this thesis involves the nurse participants collectively identifying their ideals of ICU nursing, then defining where they are unable to meet these ideals in the reality of every day practice. The themes emerging from the discussions are defined in terms of relationships; nurse to patient, nurse to family/whanau, nurse to doctor and nurse to nurse. These relationships are interconnected and all occur within the overarching theme of professional standards of care. Through the process of discussion and consensus the nurses identified nurse to nurse communication and support as the most important aspect of practice needing development. Reconnaissance in this research defines the beginning of the change process as the transformation begins with the creation of the communicative space enabling the nurses to connect and together to look ahead at what changes might now be possible.</p>
The Antecedents and Consequences of Marketing Law Transgressions: an Australian Perspective
Authors:   , Gazley Aaron 
Published: November 2021

<p>Since the 1970s, a number of models have been developed that investigate the reasons why firms break the law. None of these, however, have focussed on why firms transgress laws specifically related to marketing, nor have they recognized the dynamic nature of the transgression process. Based on the extant literature, and a framework of motive, opportunity, and control, a model of transgressing the law was developed that formed the basis of empirical testing within a marketing context. Previous research has focussed on the factors that have led to a previous transgression and the factors that have impacted on intent to engage in questionable behaviour in the future. This model looks to link past and future behaviour by recognising the changes that occur in the firm as the result of a previous transgression being detected, and how these changes impact on the likelihood that future transgressions will occur. It is recognised that the commission of the transgression is not the end of the process, as experiences associated with committing the transgression, getting caught, and subsequent penalties will most likely influence decisions regarding future transgressions. This model also introduces the concept of unintentional illegality through a lack of knowledge of the law. The model is empirically tested using a combination of secondary data and a survey of marketing managers from Australia. The results find evidence that the transgression of marketing law is a dynamic process and show that control mechanisms, in particular, are effective in reducing the incidence of transgression.</p>
Founding Events and the Maintenance of Genetic Diversity in Reintroduced Populations
Authors:   , Miller Kimberly Anne 
Published: November 2021

<p>As habitat loss, introduced predators, and disease epidemics threaten species worldwide, translocation provides one of the most powerful tools for species conservation. However, reintroduced populations of threatened species are often founded by a small number of individuals (typically 30 in New Zealand) and generally have low success rates. The loss of genetic diversity combined with inbreeding depression in a small reintroduced population could reduce the probability of establishment and persistence. Effective management of genetic diversity is therefore central to the success of reintroduced populations in both the short- and long-term. Using population modelling and empirical data from source and reintroduced populations of skinks and tuatara, I examined factors that influence inbreeding dynamics and the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity in translocated populations. The translocation of gravid females aided in increasing the effective population size after reintroduction. Models showed that supplementation of reintroduced populations reduced the loss of heterozygosity over 10 generations in species with low reproductive output, but not for species with higher output. Harvesting from a reintroduced population for a second-order translocation accelerated the loss of heterozygosity in species with low intrinsic rates of population growth. Male reproductive skew also accelerated the loss of genetic diversity over 10 generations, but the effect was only significant when the population size was small. Further, when populations at opposite ends of a species' historic range are disproportionately vulnerable to extinction and background inbreeding is high, genetic differentiation among populations may be an artefact of an historic genetic gradient coupled with rapid genetic drift. In these situations, marked genetic differences should not preclude hybridising populations to mitigate the risks of inbreeding after reintroduction. These results improve translocation planning for many species by offering guidelines for maximising genetic diversity in founder groups and managing populations to improve the long-term maintenance of diversity. For example, founder groups should be larger than 30 for reintroductions of species with low reproductive output, high mortality rates after release, highly polygynous mating systems, and high levels of background inbreeding. This study also provides a basis for the development of more complex models of losses of genetic diversity after translocation and how genetic drift may affect the long-term persistence of these valuable populations.</p>