bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs in Midwest grasslands
Authors: Bruce Anna Skye , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Trosen Chris , Oberhauser Karen , Gratton Claudio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Context

It is estimated that over one billion milkweed stems need to be restored to sustain the eastern North American migratory population of monarch butterflies; where and in what context the stems should be placed on the landscape is key to addressing habitat deficits.

Objectives

We assessed how the amount of appropriate habitat surrounding a particular patch of monarch habitat affects monarch presence and reproduction. To ensure that habitat restoration efforts are targeted towards areas that maximize monarch population growth, it is important to understand the effects of landscape heterogeneity on monarch occurrence in habitat patches (i.e. grasslands with milkweeds) across the landscape.

Methods

Over two summers (2018-2019), we surveyed monarch adults, larvae, and eggs at sixty grassland sites in Wisconsin that varied in patch size and landscape context (proportion grassland, forest edge density, and road density). We also estimated milkweed density and floral richness to characterize local patch quality.

Results

Adult monarch abundance was highest at patches with the lowest proportion of surrounding grassland and lowest road density, and was heavily influenced by patch quality variables. Egg and larva density in a patch increased with milkweed density and floral richness within a patch. Patch size was unrelated to monarch abundance.

Conclusions

These results suggest that optimal sites for monarch habitat restoration are within landscapes with less surrounding habitat and that high milkweed density and floral richness should be conservation goals.
Identification of SLC1A5 as a Novel Candidate Oncogene for Glioma and Its Involvement in the LGG Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Chen Peng , Guo Yao , Huang Rui , Xiao Juexian , Cheng Zujue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5 (SLC1A5), a member of the amino acid carrier system, is considered an oncogene in various tumors. Several targeted drugs targeting SLC1A5 are being developed. However, the molecular mechanisms of SLC1A5 in gliomas are not fully known. Methods: In this study, multiple datasets from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify biological functions and signaling pathways of SLC1A5. The correlation between SLC1A5 expression and immune infiltrates or gene signatures of immune cells was then determined using CIBERSORT and online analysis tools (TIMER, TSIDB). Finally, a reliable prognostic signature based on SLC1A5-related immunomodulators prognostic signature (SLC1A5-IPS) was established using the lasso-cox method. The model divided patients into low- and high-risk groups. The prognostic value of the risk scores was evaluated with univariate, multivariate, nomogram and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: It was found that high expression of SLC1A5 was associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Enrichment analysis indicated that SLC1A5 was regulated tumor immune response. Moreover, SLC1A5 was closely associated with immune cells infiltration and gene signatures of CD8 cells were positively correlated with SLC1A5 expression. Moreover, the developed SLC1A5-IPS risk model showed that the high-risk scores of SLC1A5-IPS accurately predicted poor prognosis of LGG. The constructed nomogram exhibited good prediction of the overall survival (OS) of LGG patients in all datasets. Finally, in vitro assays verified that SLC1A5 knockdown led to a loss of migration and proliferation ability of U87 and U251 cells. Conclusions: SLC1A5 regulates immune cells infiltration in glioma and promotes the proliferation and migration ability of glioma cells, thereby affecting the prognosis of patients. It therefore holds huge potential as a treatment target in glioma and provide a new direction for drug development.
Microbial Production of Diosmetin from Hesperetin in Engineered Escherichia coli with Flavone Synthase and Flavonol Synthase
Authors: Wang Zhen , Huang Xu , Liu Juan , Xiao Feiyao , Tian Miaomiao , Ding Shenghua , Shan Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, diosmetin was synthesized with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing flavone synthase (FNS) or flavonol synthase (FLS). Forty-four FNS/FLS were selected from 40 different plants and their bioinformatic data, such as isoelectric point, instability index, grand average of hydropathicity, transmembrane structure, secondary structure, and conservative domain were analyzed with computer tools or software. Nine recombinant E. coli strains expressing FNS/FLS were constructed for diosmetin synthesis, and the products were detected through UPLC, LC-MS, and SDS-PAGE. Results showed that FNS/FLS from different sources were different in transmembrane structures, instability coefficients, and conservative regions. Among the nine recombinant E. coli strains, six recombinant E. coli strains were observed expected bands by SDS-PAGE, four recombinant E. coli strains were detected to have diosmetin with a molecular weight of 300.06 confirmed by LC-MS in broth, and the diosmetin concentration of a DE3/pAnFNS fermentation broth was the highest (39.6 mg/L). The enzyme expression and catalytic reaction were accordance with the results of bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the ratio of predicted intermediate product (4'-O-Methyl taxifolin) and final product (diosmetin) was significant different among FNS/FLS from different sources, although they are similar in physicochemical properties and structures. Therefore, the hypothesis that FNS/FLS catalyzed the synthesis of diosmetin from hesperetin by hydroxylation at the C-2 and C-3 positions respectively, 2-hydroxyhesperetin undergoes an elimination reaction and is converted to diosmetin, 3-hydroxyhesperetin (4'-O-Methyl taxifolin) was retained as a byproduct has been proposed.Key points:1) A possible biosynthesis pathway of diosmetin was proposed.2) Diosmetin was biosynthesized by expressing FNS and FLS in recombinant Escherichia coli strains.3) Enzyme selection in biosynthesis was guided with bioinformatic analysis.4) The speculation that simultaneous hydroxylation of the reaction occurs at both C-2 and C-3 positions of flavanones has been proposed.
Modelling the Nexus in Foreign Capital Flows and Environmental Degradation: Fresh Evidence From Global Data
Authors: Khan Muhammad Azam , Raza Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental degradation, if not controlled, is one of the dangers faced by humankind. Achieving sustainable development is impossible without improving environmental quality. The 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are intended to lead to improvements toward a sustainable future. We explore empirically the interrelationship between foreign capital flows/foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental quality measured by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a panel of 125 countries in 1990–2018 by revisiting the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). This study employed a system generalised method of moments (GMM). The GMM estimates show that FDI has a significantly positive link with CO2 in Asia and Africa, but the links between these two variables are insignificant in the Latin American, Caribbean and European regions. In the cases of full sample and developing countries, a significantly positive relationship is found between FDI and CO2. In the case of income-based samples, results reveal that FDI is the cause of environmental degradation in low-income, lower middle-income and upper middle-income countries. We contribute to the available literature by re-examining the PHH and presenting the impact of inward FDI on CO2, where the results demonstrate that the PHH is valid in full-sample, regional and income-wise countries. These findings suggest that developing countries should adopt environmentally friendly policies to attract foreign investors by setting strict regulations on environmental pollution control to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Morphological, Anatomical, and Chemical Characteristics Associated With Lodging Resistance in Avena Sativa
Authors: Argenta Jéssica , Pacheco Marcelo Teixeira , Mariath Jorge Ernesto de Araujo , Federizzi Luiz Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In subtropical environments, lodging occurs at all stages of an oat plant development, particularly after panicle's appearance, causing severe yield reduction. This study's objective was to identify the morphological, chemical, and anatomical characteristics of the culm that are associated with lodging resistance in oats and that can be used to identify and select resistant genotype. A set of different genotypes with diverse response to lodging were grown in nine environments, combining sowing densities, years, and growing seasons within the same year. Were carried out morphological, anatomical, and chemical evaluations for primary culms. Shorter culm length and larger culm thickness in the first expanded basal internode are morphological characteristics associated with lodging resistance in Avena sativa. No differences in lignin and cellulose contents were observed, however, there were differences in the distribution pattern and in the intensity of staining of lignin and cellulose. Resistant genotypes showed higher number of layers of cells in the subdermal parenchyma. The most practical and easily selectable feature for lodging resistance in a breeding program remains plant height together with culm thickness in the first basal internode.
Profiling of seasonal variation in and cancer risk assessment of benzo (a) pyrene and heavy metals in drinking water from Kirkuk city, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Awaz Bahrooz , Goran Siraj Muhammed , Tarafdar Abhrajyoti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Lesser Zap River is the main tributary of the Tigris and is used as a main source of drinking water in Kirkuk city through the General Kirkuk project. Water samples at 13 sites were analyzed for heavy metals (cobalt, lead, manganese, copper) and benzo(a)pyrene using 2 methods of analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits). Risk evaluation for benzo(a)pyrene and lead in water samples was accomplished by Monte Carlo simulation. The highest concentrations of B(a)P were recorded at sites S7 and S5, with levels of 0.192 and 0.122 µg L− 1 detected by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The WHO guidelines for benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water recommend 0.0007 mg L (0.7 µg. L− 1), and none of the samples surpassed this level; moreover, B(a)P levels exceeded EPA standards in 2014 (0.01 ppb), particularly when the liquid-liquid extraction method with HPLC was used. Carcinogenic risks for human adults and children exist and are highest during the rainy season as compared with the carcinogenic risk during the dry season; risks for children exceed those of adults. This indicates that the 2nd round of sampling (winter season) harbors more carcinogenic risk than the 1st round of sampling (dry season).
The prevalence and prognosis of hyponatraemia in non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Yin Guangli , Man Changfeng , Huang Jiayu , Cheng Wanying , Gao Xin , Wang Jujuan , Tian Tian , Duan Limin , Xu Ji , Qiu Hongxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (NHL-HLH) in adult secondary HLH (sHLH) is a common and universally highly lethal critical disorder. Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in the critical illness setting and acts as a negative prognostic factor. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic role of hyponatraemia among patients with NHL-HLH. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 153 newly diagnosed adult NHL-HLH patients, which were divided into 2 groups based on serum sodium concentration on admission, a hyponatraemia and a normonatraemia group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic factors associated with worse survival. The overall survival time of all the patients were compared using log rank tests. Restricted cubic splines were conducted to address the association between serum sodium concentration and the risk of mortality. Results: The results showed that 81 (52.9%) patients had hyponatraemia. After a median follow-up of 47 (range 14-180) days, there were 72 (88.9%) cumulative deaths in hyponatraemia group while 50 (69.4%) in normonatremia group. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that hyponatraemia group demonstrated unfavourable overall survival (P = 0.002). After adjustment for confounders, multivariate analysis revealed that hyponatraemia was an independent prognostic factor for OS (Hazard ratio [HR]:1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.20; P = 0.033). Restricted cubic spline confirmed a linear and positive association between serum sodium and the risk of mortality. Conclusions: Hyponatraemia is relatively frequent in NHL-HLH. As a readily available biomarker in clinical routine, it was a promising prognostic predictor for NHL-HLH.
Deep Succinylproteomics of Brain Tissues of Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling
Authors: Liang Yan-Jing , Yang Yuan-Rui , Tao Chuan-Yuan , Yang Su-Hao , Zhang Xin-Xiao , Yuan Jing , Zhong Zhan-Qiong , Yu Shu-Guang , Xiong Xiao-Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The details of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling affects protein succinylation in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) brains remains completely unclear. In this study, we constructed mice ICH models to investigate the changes in ICH-associated brain protein succinylation with the treatment of TLR4 antagonist, TAK242, using a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based, quantitative succinyllysine proteomics approach. We characterized a concentration of approximately 6700 succinylation events and quantified approximately 3500 sites, highlighting 139 succinyllysine site changes in 40 pathways. Further analysis showed that TAK242 treatment induced an increase in 29 succinyllysine sites of 28 succinylated proteins and reduction of 24 succinyllysine sites on 23 succinylated proteins in ICH brains. Both the TAK242 treatment induced hypersuccinylated and hyposuccinylated proteins in ICH brains were mainly located in mitochondria and cytoplasm. GO analysis showed that TAK242 treatment induced changes in ICH-associated succinylated proteins were mostly located in synapse, membrane, vesicle, etc., and enriched in many processes, such as metabolism, synapse, myeline, etc.. KEGG analysis showed that TAK242 induced downregulation of succinylation was significantly linked to fatty acid metabolism and lysosome. Moreover, a combination analysis of our succinylproteomic data with previously published transcriptome data identified that most of the differentially succinylated proteins induced by TAK242 treatment were mainly distributed into neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells; and 7 and 3 of these succinylated proteins significantly high express in neurons and astrocytes, respectively. In conclusion, our analyses uncover a number of TLR4 signaling affected succinylation processes and pathways in mouse ICH brains and provide new insights for understanding ICH pathophysiological processes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025622.
Indo-Pak Comparison Of COVID-19 By ARIMA Model: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Ajaz Osama , Irfan Muhammad , Amjad Muhammad , Siddiqa Ayesha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Historically, the world has faced and recovered from many pandemics. The most recent global pandemic facing the entire world is Covid-19. India and Pakistan can be considered to be in the same phases of development and health spending relative to their GDP and also have similar climatic conditions. The main aim of the study is to forecast cumulative cases and deaths in Pakistan and India, which will be helpful for policy makers to plan accordingly.Methods: The data set was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) website (https://covid19.who.int). The time period we have considered since the first corona related case and death were observed in both countries. The dataset for Pakistan covered the time period from 28th February 2020 to 28th February 2021 and for India 30th January to 28th February 2021. The Auto-Regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied for forecasting using R-package.Results: Our results forecasted that cumulative COVID-19 cases at the end of June 2021, at the end of September 2021 and at the end of December 2021 will be 13065792, 14704450, and 16481122 respectively in India while for Pakistan, we forecasted that at the end of June 2021, at the end of September 2021 and at the end of December 2021 will be 746963.5 873557.3and 999766.5 respectively. Cumulative deaths were also forecasted for Pakistan and India. We predicted cumulative deaths as at the end of June 2021 at the end of June 2021, at the end of September 2021 and at the end of December 2021 will be 170586.5, 181153.4 and 192017.5 respectively in India while for Pakistan, we forecasted that cumulative deaths at the end of June 2021, at the end of September 2021 and at the end of December 2021 will be 17890.98, 21825.26 and 25849.4 respectively.Conclusion: Corona related cumulative cases and deaths are on the rise in both countries. The pandemic situation in India is worse than in Pakistan nevertheless both countries are at high risk. There is a sudden increasing pattern in the number of corona related cases in both countries.
“The Balloon was Just the Kick Start I Had to do the Rest Myself”: Adolescents Living with Severe Obesity Experiences of an Intra-Gastric Balloon Alongside a Lifestyle Support Programme
Authors: Reece Lindsey J. , Bissell Paul , Sachdev Pooja , Wright Neil P. , Mihrshahi Seema , Copeland Robert J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Few treatments exist for adolescents living with severe obesity. This qualitative study explored the experiences of severely obese adolescents and their families who participated in the BOB study.Methods: Twelve adolescents (5 males;7 females; mean age 15 years; BMI > 3.5 s.d; puberty stage 4 +) who were engaged with the research study BOB (a non-randomised, pilot novel obesity treatment programme that involved the insertion of an intra-gastric balloon coupled with a family lifestyle behavioural support programme). Adolescents attended weekly lifestyle sessions before, during and post balloon insertion. All participants were interviewed at 3 months, (halfway through intra-gastric balloon insertion) and at 12 months follow-up (6 months post intra-gastric balloon removal, 3 months post lifestyle intervention).Results: All BOB participants had exhausted all treatment options deeming this study their final option. Many alluded to feelings of desperation and referred to a sense of hope that this intervention would be effective. Family involvement and attendance within the structured sessions differed significantly. Adolescents and parents perceived support from the research study ceased when the intra-gastric balloon was removed at 6-months despite attendance post balloon removal being poor. All participants emphasised a need for further support longer term with the integration of the family a critical factor.Conclusions: Further research is needed to explore the specific role families play within treatment to optimise health and wellbeing outcomes. Adolescents perspectives should be integrated within treatment to inform and improve the effectiveness of future treatment programmes for severely obese adolescents and their families.
Chromosome and Ploidy Analysis of Winter Hardy Hibiscus Species by FISH and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Deepo Deen Mohammad , Mazha Islam MD , Hwang Yoon-Jung , Kim Hong-Yul , Kim Chang Kil , Lim Ki-Byung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Determination of nuclear DNA content, genome sizes, and ploidy level and, information on cytogenetic characteristics are all prerequisite of modern plant breeding. However, cytogenetic study of Hibiscus species is often hampered by the similarity in morphology and by the small size of mitotic chromosomes. The goal of the study was to ascertain the chromosome number, karyomorphology, distribution of 5S and 18S rDNA loci, chromosome length, and centromere positions as well as the ploidy level, genome sizes, 2C-DNA content of winter-hardy Hibiscus: H. syriacus ‘Saejamyung’, H. sinosyriacus ‘Seobong’, H. moscheutos ‘Luna Red’ and, H. paramutabilis. 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA loci were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). According to the FISH results, there are two 5S rDNA loci in H. syriacus, H. sinosyriacus, and H. moscheutos, and four 5S rDNA loci in H. paramutabilis. The range in length of somatic chromosomes in H. syriacus, H. sinosyriacus, H. moscheutos, and H. paramutabilis is 2.66- 7.06, 3.18-7.31, 2.91-5.23, and 4.75-7.60 µm, respectively. The 2C-DNA content of H. syriacus, H. sinosyriacus, and H. moscheutos are very similar, the amount was 4.06, 4.11, and, 2.06 pg, respectively whereas, H. paramutabilis has nearly double and the amount was 4.18 pg. These findings will contribute to the detailed cytogenetic assessment of Hibiscus and thus benefit plant breeding in this genus.﻿
Process Performance and Microbial Community Variation in High-Rate Anaerobic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent at Temperatures Between 55 °C and 70 °C
Authors: Khemkhao Maneerat , Domrongpokkaphan Vichai , Phalakornkule Chantaraporn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is wastewater with a relatively high temperature (80 – 90 °C) that is generated from the extraction of oil from palm fruit and palm kernels. Owing to its high discharge temperatures, the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of POME could be advantageous as treatment at thermophilic temperatures can reduce loads for cooling the wastewater. In this study, the effects of stepwise temperature increments of 5 °C from 55 °C to 70 °C on the AD of POME were investigated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated under high organic loading rates (OLRs). The process performance and microbial community structure at each temperature interval were evaluated. It was observed that the methane production rates of the CSTR increased with increasing OLRs up to values of 13.7 g/L d, 25.7 g/L d, and 26.5 g/L d at operating temperatures of 55 °C, 60 °C, and 65 °C, respectively. As a result of the increasing OLRs, the maximum rate of methane production increased from 3.8 L/L d at 55 °C to 4.4 L/L d at 60 °C and to 3.8 L/L d at 65 °C. The microbial community structure analysis showed that there were notable reductions in the gene copy number of the bacterial domain and the Methanosarcinales order with increasing temperatures from 55 °C to 60 °C and to 65 °C, whereas hydrogenotrophic methanogens, especially the genus Methanobacterium, in the order Methanobacteriales became dominant at 60 °C and 65 °C. Thus, the methanogenesis pathway was suggested to be a combination of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at 55 °C and 60 °C with an increased contribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at 60 °C, whereas methane was mainly generated via hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at 65 °C. The thermophilic AD of POME at 60 °C was found to be promising because the methane content in the biogas and the methane production rates were optimal, with an average methane content of approximately 73%.