bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a reinforcement filler in dental resin nanocomposite
Authors: Akhtar Khalida , Pervez Cynthia , Zubair Naila , Khalid Hina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study focuses on the fabrication of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) (HA) in a nanorange having whiskers- and cubic-shaped uniform particle morphology. The synthesized HA particles hold a promising feature as reinforcement fillers in dental acrylic resin composite. They increase the efficacy of reinforcement by length and aspect ratio, uniformity, and monodispersity. Therefore, the acrylic resin was reinforced with the as-synthesized monodispersed HA filler particles (0.2–1 Wt%). The presence of filler particles in the composite had a noticeable effect on the tribological and mechanical properties of the dental material. The morphological effect of HA particles on these properties was also investigated, revealing that cubic-shaped particles showed better results than whiskers. The as-fabricated composite (0.4 Wt%) of the cubic-shaped filler particles showed maximum hardness and improved antiwear/antifriction properties. Particle loading played its part in determining the optimum condition, whereas particle size also influenced the reinforcement efficiency. The current study revealed that particle morphology, particle size, uniformity, etc., of HA fillers, greatly influenced the tribological and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin-based nanocomposite. Improvement in the tribological properties of HA particle-reinforced acrylic resin composites (HA–acrylic resin) followed the trend as AR < CmC < WC < CC.
DNA metabarcoding dietary analyses of the wood mouse Apodemus speciosus on Innoshima Island, Japan, and implications for primer choice
Authors: Sato Jun J. , Ohtsuki Yuya , Nishiura Naoki , Mouri Kumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We used DNA metabarcoding to assess the seasonal diets of the large Japanese wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Muridae, Rodentia), in forest edges adjacent to citrus orchards on Innoshima Island, Japan. We used one chloroplast and three mitochondrial DNA barcoding markers to determine mouse diets. Among the various plant and invertebrate diets, A. speciosus typically consumed Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis) in early spring (likely acorns preserved during winter) and gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar, a forest pest) in late spring and summer. In addition, we found that A. speciosus also preyed on orchard pests, including the gutta stink bug and other potentially harmful invertebrates. The season during which A. speciosus preyed on stink bugs corresponded with the harvest of orchard products. This study revealed several of the ecological roles of A. speciosus within the boundary zone between forest and human ecosystems. Furthermore, based on the performance of various mitochondrial markers in dietary profiling of invertebrate food items, we recommend the multi-locus DNA metabarcoding method to comprehensively assess the diet of A. speciosus.
Regularity of the Donaldson Geometric Flow
Authors: Krom Robin S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prove a regularity theorem for the solutions of the Donaldson geometric flow equation on the space of symplectic forms on a closed smooth four-manifold, representing a fixed cohomology class. The minimal initial conditions lay in the Besov space$B^{1,p}_{2}(M, {\varLambda }^{2})$B21,p(M,Λ2)forp> 4. The Donaldson geometric flow was introduced by Simon Donaldson in Donaldson (Asian J. Math.3, 1–16 1999). For a detailed exposition see Krom and Salamon (J. Symplectic Geom.17, 381–417 2019).
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Lissencephaly: Literature Review and A Case Report
Authors: Peng Shu-Wang , Peng Ke-Ping , Tian Gui-Xiang , Cao Xue-Ying , Liu Ming-Hui , Dong Qing-Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLissencephaly is a malformation of cortical development associated with deficient neuronal migration and abnormal formation of gyri. The natural course includes developmental delay, mental retardation, epileptic seizures, and microcephaly. Early diagnosis of lissencephaly is very important to give couples reproductive choices. Cranial ultrasonography is often used for the initial evaluation of intracranial abnormalities in fetuses and infants, and we believe that it is a safe and cost-efficient alternative to MRI and CT in many cases. This study combines a case of lissencephaly in our hospital and related literature review, to explore the clinical manifestations, epileptic seizures and ultrasonographic features of the disease, in order to improve the understanding of the disease.
The way towards food sustainability: some insights for pasta supply chain
Authors: Faggini Marisa , Cosimato Silvia , Parziale Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, circular economy and its implications for sustainability have gained momentum in several socio-economic domains (e.g., academia, industry, politics, society), even though the relationship between them remains poorly understood. This situation has blurred the conceptual definition of both terms, limiting their research and practice effectiveness. To counteract this situation, scholars and policymakers are approaching Circular Economy as able to inspire the development of sustainable development strategies and to increase the sustainability of the current economic system, balancing the need for economic development and the importance of protecting environmental resources and people wellbeing. Drawing on the previous considerations, this study aims to contribute to address this gap, better understanding how a circular economy approach can contribute to challenge the number of sustainability issues that currently affect supply chains. In doing so, the analysis has been focused on the investigation of a specific supply chain, the pasta supply chain. To this end, after a brief theoretical recognition, an interpretative model has been proposed for better recognizing and describing the enhancing actions that—at each supply chain’s stages—can improve process efficiency, output effectiveness and, therefore, the overall sector sustainability. However, it is worth noting that the inherently theoretical nature of the study somewhat limits it; therefore, future empirical research is needed to further test the proposed model, applying it to other real applicative sets.
Anonymization of German financial documents using neural network-based language models with contextual word representations
Authors: Biesner David , Ramamurthy Rajkumar , Stenzel Robin , Lübbering Max , Hillebrand Lars , Ladi Anna , Pielka Maren , Loitz Rüdiger , Bauckhage Christian , Sifa Rafet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe automatization and digitalization of business processes have led to an increase in the need for efficient information extraction from business documents. However, financial and legal documents are often not utilized effectively by text processing or machine learning systems, partly due to the presence of sensitive information in these documents, which restrict their usage beyond authorized parties and purposes. To overcome this limitation, we develop an anonymization method for German financial and legal documents using state-of-the-art natural language processing methods based on recurrent neural nets and transformer architectures. We present a web-based application to anonymize financial documents and a large-scale evaluation of different deep learning techniques.
On the use of paper to facilitate recyclability of suspension packaging
Authors: Nica W. , Roman J. , Slaets P. , Juwet M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground of this research is suspension packaging: fragile goods are attached to a panel of cardboard by wrapping it in stretch film. The panel is then appropriately folded, and the whole thing is placed in a cardboard box of corresponding dimensions. The primary objective of this study is to identify paper types that might be used in future as a more sustainable alternative for stretch wrap film. The experimental methods that are utilized are basically variants of mechanical pulling tests on paper samples. Sample preparation and sample size are adopted from international standards, but displacement control is adopted to detect relevant stretchability properties. Some kraft papers show a high ultimate tensile stress and a moderate stretchability, mainly permanent stretch as expected. Although the ultimate tensile stress of paper from recycled fibers is lower, some of these paper grades show a considerable higher stretchability including a higher elastic stretch. It is concluded that both kraft paper and paper grades from recycled fibers may be applicable as a wrapping material for suspension packaging. Further experimental research is needed to identify appropriate wrapping parameters for each paper type.
Enhancing design method training with insights from educational research–improving and evaluating a training course for a qualitative modelling method
Authors: Grauberger Patric , Eisenmann Matthias , Stoitzner Julian , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study presents an approach for identification and elimination of challenges in modelling in embodiment design. These challenges can be caused either by the modelling method or the corresponding training course. To investigate the efficacy of a modelling method, first challenges of the corresponding training course need to be addressed. The study is conducted at a training course of the modelling method of the Contact and Channel Approach. A situation analysis of the training course is conducted in three application with 45 participants. Based on the findings, the training course is improved through application of insights from educational research that correspond to the identified challenges. A concluding evaluation takes place with 20 participants. The improvement of the training course takes place based on identification of challenges in the four areas of didactic elements, content structure, visualization and practical modelling in evaluations. Modularization is needed for purposeful training of different target groups. An issue regarding the practical modelling indicates a clearer view on the efficacy of the modelling method.

Article highlights

Identification of challenges in a training course for qualitative modelling in embodiment design through free text evaluation in three applications.

Clustering of the evaluation results enabled identification of suitable findings from educational research to eliminate challenges in the training course.

Conflicts of objectives regarding content and time can be addressed by modularization, however, this increases the effort needed for investigations.
Environmental life cycle assessment of supercapacitor electrode production using algae derived biochar aerogel
Authors: Jiang Zhixiang , Zou Yihui , Li Yue , Kong Fanlong , Yang Dongjiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPorous carbon aerogel material has gained an increasing attraction for developing supercapacitor electrodes due to its cost-effective synthesis process and relatively high electrochemical performance. However, the environmental performances of supercapacitor electrodes produced from different carbon aerogel materials are never comparatively studied, hindering our knowledge of supercapacitor electrode production in a sustainable pattern. In this study, nitrogen-doped biochar aerogel-based electrode (BA-electrode) produced from Entermorpha prolifera was simulated to investigate the environmental performance by using life cycle assessment method. For comparison, the assessment of graphene oxide aerogel-based electrode (GOA-electrode) was also carried out. It can be observed that the life cycle global warming potential for the BA-electrode was lower than that of GOA-electrode with a reduction of 53.1‒68.1%. In comparison with GOA-electrode, the BA-electrodes endowed smaller impacts on environment in majority of impact categories. Moreover, in comparison with GOA-electrode, the environmental damages of BA-electrode were greatly decreased by 35.8‒56.4% (human health), 44.9‒62.6% (ecosystems), and 87.0‒91.2% (resources), respectively. The production stages of GOA and graphene oxide and stages of nitrogen-doped biochar aerogel production and Entermorpha prolifera drying were identified as the hotspots of environmental impact/damage for the GOA-electrode and BA-electrode, respectively. Overall, this finding highlights the efficient utilization of algae feedstock to construct a green and sustainable technical route of supercapacitor electrode production.
High-power proton accelerators for pulsed spallation neutron sources
Authors: Hotchi Hideaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the spread of accelerator-driven pulsed spallation neutron sources and increasing need for higher neutron fluxes, the high-power performance of proton accelerators has greatly advanced from a few kilowatts to more than 1 MW in the last four decades. The most important concerns to realize such a high-power beam operation are controlling and minimizing beam loss, which are essential for sustainable beam operation that allows hands-on maintenance. This paper reviews key devices and beam handling techniques for beam loss control employed in the high-power proton accelerators that are currently in operation for pulsed spallation neutron sources, including their operational status and future upgrade plan.
Do adolescents want more autonomy? Testing gender differences in autonomy across STEM
Authors: Modrek Anahid S. , Hass Richard , Kwako Alexander , Sandoval William A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionA growing body of research has identified gender disparities in STEM education, but data are limited from studies directly comparing autonomy given to autonomy wanted by adolescents, as experienced in classrooms by gender and across course subjects.MethodsWith a sample of US adolescents (n = 540), aged 11–19 and 55% female, we assessed students’ perceived levels of autonomy given, and levels of autonomy wanted, by adapting an autonomy assessment specific to course subjects of math, science, and English. We then employed contrast models testing gender differences of autonomy levels across course subjects of math, science, and English, and controlled for age.ResultsOverall, all adolescents reported getting less autonomy than they want. Within gender, girls reported wanting the most autonomy from science. Between genders, girls reported wanting more autonomy from both math and science, compared to boys. In contrast, girls reported getting more autonomy in English, compared to boys. While we found no developmental differences for reported levels of autonomy given, we did find developmental differences with levels of autonomy wanted, showing significant variability of adolescents wanting more autonomy with age.ConclusionsOur results suggest a general desire for more autonomy across adolescence, with a desire for more autonomy in STEM more common amongst girls. If adolescents' perceived levels of autonomy vary across STEM and by gender, these effects may extend more broadly to their pursuits of STEM careers. Students’ beliefs of autonomy and self‐concept shape their career interests and academic engagement, a trajectory that warrants concern and further investigation.
Incredible Commitments
Authors: Dayal Anjali Kaushlesh 
Published: October 2021

Why do warring parties turn to United Nations peacekeeping and peacemaking even when they think it will fail? Dayal asks why UN peacekeeping survived its early catastrophes in Somalia, Rwanda, and the Balkans, and how this survival should make us reconsider how peacekeeping works. She makes two key arguments: first, she argues the UN's central role in peacemaking and peacekeeping worldwide means UN interventions have structural consequences – what the UN does in one conflict can shift the strategies, outcomes, and options available to negotiating parties in other conflicts. Second, drawing on interviews, archival research, and process-traced peace negotiations in Rwanda and Guatemala, Dayal argues warring parties turn to the UN even when they have little faith in peacekeepers' ability to uphold peace agreements – and even little actual interest in peace – because its involvement in negotiation processes provides vital, unique tactical, symbolic, and post-conflict reconstruction benefits only the UN can offer.
The low acoustic noise and turbulence wind tunnel of the University of Sao Paulo
Authors: Amaral F.R. , Serrano Rico J.C. , Bresci C.S. , Beraldo M.M. , Victorino V.B. , Gennaro E.M. , Medeiros M.A.F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the Low Acoustic Noise and Turbulence (LANT) wind tunnel of the Sao Carlos School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP-EESC), Brazil. The closed-loop wind tunnel features several devices to improve flow uniformity, reduce swirl, and lower the background acoustic noise and turbulence, enabling stability and aeroacoustic experiments. The design criteria was based on the best practices reported, in particular for low turbulence wind tunnels. Yet, these criteria are conflicting and we discuss the decisions that had to be made and present flow quality results that were achieved. The 16-bladed axial fan with 13-blade stators is driven by a variable-speed electric motor. At the corners, 100 mm dense acoustic foam is installed on the vertical walls, floor and ceiling, and the turning vanes are filled with acoustic-absorbing material. The long settling chamber contains a 3.175 mm mesh hexagonal honeycomb and five fine mesh nylon screens, ending in a 7:1 area ratio short contraction. The 3-m long closed-working section has a$1\times 1\ {\rm m}^2$cross-section area. At 15 m/s the working section wall boundary layer is less than 100 mm thick, providing an area of at least$800\times 800\ \mathrm{mm}^2$where the streamwise flow uniformity was within 1%. In the 10–30 m/s flow speed range, the turbulence intensity ranged from 0.05% to 0.071% and the background acoustic noise level, obtained with an inflow microphone, ranged from 90 and 110 dB. A benchmark experiment on a flat plate boundary layer produced an almost perfect two-dimensional Blasius profile up to$Re_x \approx 2.5 \times 10^6$. A beamforming benchmark experiment on aeroacoustics accurately identified the sound emitted by a cylinder immersed in the flow.
Narrate It Until You Become It
Authors: BORTOLAN ANNA 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch in phenomenology and philosophy of psychiatry has suggested that psychopathological disturbances of experience often involve an alteration of one's ‘sense of possibility’, dependent upon the presence of specific ‘existential feelings’ (Ratcliffe 2012). In this paper I provide an extended account of how the engagement with certain narratives can lead to a transformation of one's sense of possibility by eliciting affective experiences that are not consonant with the person's existential feelings. More precisely, I claim that, even when the experience of some types of emotion is generally precluded by a restricted sense of possibility, such emotions may be aroused by particular self-narratives, and I explore how this dynamic can give rise to enduring and wide-ranging affective changes.
Kant and the Second Person
Authors: SCHAAB JANIS DAVID 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to Stephen Darwall's second-personal account, moral obligations constitutively involve relations of authority and accountability between persons. Darwall takes this account to lend support to Immanuel Kant's moral theory. Critics object that the second-personal account abandons central tenets of Kant's system. I respond to the three main challenges that critics offer by showing that they rest on misunderstandings of the second-personal account. Properly understood, this account is not only congenial to Kant's moral theory, but also illuminates aspects of that theory which have hitherto received scant attention. In particular, it motivates a fresh perspective on the relationship between respect, persons, and the law.
“This Mine is for the Entire Casamance Coastline”: The Politics of Scale and the Future of the Extractive Frontier in Casamance, Senegal
Authors: Fent Ashley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs evidenced by the widespread controversy surrounding an otherwise small-scale mining investment pending in Casamance, Senegal, uncertainty shapes the extension of the extractive frontier. Fent argues that amid this uncertainty, different actors are able to politicize or depoliticize extractive investments through the work of scaling. Opponents cast the project as part of larger-scale, longer-term extraction, linking it with regional narratives. By contrast, state and corporate actors depoliticized the mine by emphasizing its limited extent and downscaling conflict to the local level. This demonstrates the conflictual processes through which extractive frontiers are realized—and resisted—through both space and time.
Evidence of preferential sweeping during snow settling in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Abraham Aliza , Guala Michele , Hong Jiarong 
Published: October 2021

We present a field study of snow settling dynamics based on simultaneous measurements of the atmospheric flow field and snow particle trajectories. Specifically, a super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) system using natural snow particles as tracers is deployed to quantify the velocity field and identify vortex structures in a 22 m

$\times$

39 m field of view centred 18 m above the ground. Simultaneously, we track individual snow particles in a 3 m

$\times$

5 m sample area within the SLPIV using particle tracking velocimetry. The results reveal the direct linkage among vortex structures in atmospheric turbulence, the spatial distribution of snow particle concentration and their settling dynamics. In particular, with snow turbulence interaction at near-critical Stokes number, the settling velocity enhancement of snow particles is multifold, and larger than what has been observed in previous field studies. Super-large-scale particle image velocimetry measurements show a higher concentration of snow particles preferentially located on the downward side of the vortices identified in the atmospheric flow field. Particle tracking velocimetry, performed on high resolution images around the reconstructed vortices, confirms the latter trend and provides statistical evidence of the acceleration of snow particles, as they move toward the downward side of vortices. Overall, the simultaneous multi-scale particle imaging presented here enables us to directly quantify the salient features of preferential sweeping, supporting it as an underlying mechanism of snow settling enhancement in the atmospheric surface layer.