bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Palm Kernel Shell Gasification for Small Scale Power Generation Using Aspen Plus Software
Authors: Najwa Annuar N A , Kamarulzaman N , Shadzalli Z F M , Abdullah I H I , Liew P Y , Manaf N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a simulation flowsheet model of gasification process for small-scale power generation was developed in Aspen plus software in accordance with the actual 20-kW power pallet unit manufactured by All Power Labs Power Pallet. The flowsheet model is capable to determine the syngas composition and amount of power load generated from the internal combustion engine. Biomass feedstock used in the model was palm kernel shell as it possesses a favourable physiochemical property and easy to obtain. Proximate and ultimate analyses data were used as the basis for the flowsheet model to reflect the physical property of palm kernel shell as a non-conventional component. The gasification of palm kernel shell was simulated into four main processes which are drying, pyrolysis, combustion and reduction by using two R-Stoic models and individual R-yield and R-Plug model with specification of chemical reactions, dimensions and operating conditions of the process. The results obtained from the model were validated with experimental data of palm kernel shell gasification process at a similar operating temperature acquired from previous research studies. Several parameters such as gasification temperature, air preheating and pyrolysis temperature were studied under specified value subjected to the amount of power load generated. It can be seen that the gasification temperature, air preheating temperature and pyrolysis temperature were found to have a directly proportional trend on power load based on their respective temperature range. Furthermore, optimal power load (≈ 20 kW) can be generated at pyrolysis temperature of 460 °C with gasification and intake air temperature of 1200 °C and 550 °C respectively. This work is of significance for preliminary operational and plant design benchmark if the government is considering a large-scale development of biomass power generation.
A Review On The Comparison Between Slow Pyrolysis And Fast Pyrolysis On The Quality Of Lignocellulosic And Lignin-Based Biochar
Authors: Tan H , Lee C T , Ong P Y , Wong K Y , Bong C P C , Li C , Gao Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, biochar has attracted considerable attention due to its unique characteristics and wide applications in agricultural and environmental areas. Biochar is recognized for its potential role in carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, soil amendment, bioenergy production and waste mitigation. The current review discusses on the utilization of various lignocellulosic and lignin-based feedstocks for the biochar production. However, the quality of biochar varies among different thermo-conversion technologies due to the differences in their key process parameters and the feedstock composition. This article aims to review two production technologies for lignocellulosic and lignin-based biochar, namely, slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. The effects of feedstock composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and pyrolysis conditions such as temperature and heating rate on the quality of biochar are compared. The relationship between the feedstocks composition, temperature, heating rate of pyrolysis and the quality of biochar are also discussed. Future work would further correlate the effects of feedstock composition and process parameters on the quality of biochar such as surface area and functionality.
Enhanced Conductivity of Corn Starch Polymer Film Doped with Sodium Phosphate
Authors: Aidil Z Hafiq , Hassan M F , Firdaus A Muhamad , Khairunnisa M P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is one of the new invention components which can replace the traditional liquid electrolyte in a conventional battery system that sometimes experience some drawbacks, specifically is a leakage problem. Solid polymer electrolyte was successfully prepared using corn starch as the host and sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) as an ionic dopant which both of them mixed in a combined solvent of distilled water and glycerin via a solution casting technique. FTIR was confirming that the complex films were successfully prepared based on the coexistence of the material peaks (starch and Na3PO4). The highest ionic conductivity of 4.62 x 10−4 Scm−1was obtained at room temperature (303K) for the sample containing 40 wt. % of Na3PO4. Based on the results, this SPE is proposed to have great potential in current and future energy storage applications.
Biowaste-Based Porous Adsorbent for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Ghafar N A , Harimisa G E , Jusoh N W C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon is known as one of the effective adsorbents in carbon dioxide adsorption, which is mainly attributed to its highly porous structure. Utilizing biowaste as the precursor for the activated carbon synthesis is considered as an attractive approach due to the biowaste being an inexpensive, renewable, abundant, and environmental-friendly material. This review article covers the various biowaste precursors used for activated carbon synthesis along with the comparison of its activating methods (which are physical and chemical activation). The relation between the activation methods and carbon dioxide adsorption performance is elucidated for better understanding. The functionalization of the biowaste-based activated carbon with basic nitrogen functionalizing agent as well as the challenges in the application of these adsorbents in carbon dioxide adsorption are also discussed.
Biopolymer-Based Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamrayev H , Shameli K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of biopolymers for the synthesis of various nanomaterials is of huge interest to present day nanobiotechnology. A basic, novel, cost effective and green method has been developed for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) utilizing carrageenan as a marine biopolymer. This work suggests the use of green method serving carrageenan as a stabilizing agent during sol-gel process before calcination in high temperatures to generate ZnO-NPs. The produced ZnO–NPs were characterized using various tools such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV–visible (UV– vis) spectroscopy. The ZnO-NPs synthesized at various temperatures displayed spherical structure, its TEM images and particle size distributions exhibited the size of 49 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the successful synthesis of ZnO-NPs with high purity and crystallinity. The UV-visible spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks of ZnO between 368 and 376 nm and FTIR analysis exhibited Zn-O bands around 402 to 448 cm−1. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could offer potential applications in bio-medical field.
First Principles Study on Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube for Photonics Application
Authors: Halim S N M , Taib M F M , Ahmad F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent research works on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based material has witnessed a great technological importance in photonic applications due to their unique optical characteristics. Present work aims to employ theoretical first principles study to explore the electronic and optical properties of SWCNT in the form of armchair nanotube. The theoretical simulation is done by using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the CASTEP computer code. Similar to almost gapless nature of graphene, formation of Fermi level of a relaxed SWCNT structure is found to be at a value approaching zero. The calculated electronic band structure shows a direct band gap of 0.259 eV with Dirac cone form between conduction and valence band. The optical spectrum shows a variation of real and imaginary of dielectric function with inter-band transition taking place along with frequency of the incident light. The absorption spectrum exhibits a significant degree of anisotropic characteristic with almost transparent nature ranging from near infrared to ultraviolet energy range. These optical spectra show excellent nonlinear optical features which remark the suitability in optoelectronic applications.
Dissolution time and shelf life quality of Ficus deltoidea powder and granule
Authors: Khamis A K , Asli U A , Sarjuni M N H , Jalal M A , Karim H A A , Sulaiman S , Ying O P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lyophilized from plants extract is a process to prolong the amounts of phytochemicals in a solid form. The bioactive compound in Ficus deltoidea (FD), which is isovitexin should be stable and bioavailable during the downstream processing such as drying process to achieve its optimum health benefits. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of lyophilizing methods such as spray drying followed by a granulator method to determine the stability of the bioactive compound in FD during drying and storage. After the powdered produce, it will test on the model of human digestion (dissolution study) either the amounts of phytochemicals remain stable. Finally, shelf-life quality analysis and the dissolution rate (capsule size 0 and 1) were carried out. The results obtained show the methods employed in this study can be used for the analysis of quality content and dissolution tests of FD capsules. For FD in the shelf-life quality study, parameters for appearance and Total Yeast Microbial Count (TYMC) showed no significant difference after 3 months. For pH, the slight decrease in pH level will increase the number of Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) in powder form. Compared to granule form, the pH level more consistent and the number of TAMC also in a control condition. The dissolution of capsules containing powder and granulated of FD showed a high percentage of bioactive compound released into the dissolution medium, although the bioactive compound content of herbal products (capsule size 1) was found to be half that of capsules size 0. Through observation for both capsules size content of FD, the maximum dissolution was achieved after 100 min.
Effect of protective layer deposition in cross-sectional analysis of focused ion beam in germanium substrate
Authors: Aid S R , Wan Razali W R , Ikenoue H , Yasuda K , Matsumura S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, a single micro-size circular and rectangular holes were fabricated in phosphorus/tin implanted germanium substrate using ion milling of FIB, for potential application in photonic crystal and FINFET. One of the important analysis that need to be done in the future is a cross-sectional analysis in order to evaluate the milling rate of material, redeposition of milled material, and the quality of the milled surface in the pattern structure. However, a well-known practise in preparing a cross-sectional sample for transmission electron microscope analysis using FIB involves a deposition of protective layer on the substrate surface before performing the cross-sectional ion milling, in order to prevent the surface damage. Taking this into consideration, this work performed a preliminary study to analyze the effect of depositing a protective layer onto the hole for performing FIB cross-sectional analysis of the fabricated hole structures. Two-step deposition technique of platinum layer involving electron beam, followed by ion beam was performed on the hole prior to the cross-sectional milling. Hole structure without protective layer was also prepared as a comparison. It is found that although the depth of the milled area can be evaluated in both cross-sectioned holes with/without protective layer, an evaluation on roughness and redeposition are difficult, specifically in the one with protective layer. While the existence of secondary damage might affect the quality of milled surface during the cross-sectional milling in the sample without protective layer.
Analytical Study of Half Scissor Like Elements Deployable Structures
Authors: Chai T J , Tan C S , Koh H B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The scissor based deployable structures have been widely adopted in various fields of engineering, architecture and technical application. This technique is currently used in prefab modular construction due to its advantages of fast assembled, ease to transport, save launching space, lightweight and embracing sustainable approach. Due to this, the deployable structures have attracted researchers around the world to introduce various innovative ideas in transforming the prefab modular construction industry towards future challenges. However, there is a crucial work at preliminary design stage for scissor based deployable structures since it is highly sensitive to the geometry compatible issue. Thus, the initial design is critical to ensure the stability of the deployable structures during folding, deployment and load bearing. To address this issue, this paper aims to simulate the kinematic behaviours of Half-Scissor Like Elements (H-SLEs) deployable mechanism for spatial deployable structure application under its self-weight. The kinematic equilibriums are formulated to simulate the structural behaviours of H-SLEs deployable mechanism under its own weight from 0° as beam to 90° as column. The results obtained indicated those length and deployment angles are two main parameters impact H-SLEs deployable mechanism under its own weight. Through these studies, it would be beneficial to the designer in predicting the H-SLEs deployable structures behaviours at preliminary design stage.
Decision-making model for Auto-ID technology adoption in the banking industry
Authors: Afrizal F , Vanany I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The justification of investment technology Auto-ID (automatic identification) in banks aims to assist practitioners in solving banking problems. A study is needed to find out the importance of investing in Auto-ID technology in a company. This technology will be made in an integrated system that can be used to monitor important documents and assets in the bank with two alternatives that are suitable for this case namely barcode and RFID. In the process of technology adoption, there are various forms of approaches ranging from strategic, economic, analytical and comprehensive where in the case of IT justification is more suitable to use analytic and comprehensive namely DEMATEL and ANP because it needs to capture intangible factors. In the DEMATEL calculation, the operator criteria group with the highest weight is eternity, followed by IT and economic optimization. In addition, it was also found that the most influential recipient groups were satisfaction, cost savings, and expansion. Then in the ANP method, the calculation results are obtained that the global weighting of the criteria with the highest value is an opportunity, followed by benefits, costs, and risks. So that the alternative decision obtained is RFID is the technology chosen for adoption in the banking industry.
Usability testing on developed FES device according to the operator perspective
Authors: Leonardo K , Dewi R S , Sudiarno A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The post-paralysis due to stroke, spinal cord injury or musculoskeletal disorder can be restored by rehabilitation. A popular rehabilitation method used today are physiotherapy and therapy using electrical stimulation. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is one of the methods of rehabilitation using electrical stimuli, and has been proven to be effective enough to restore muscle function that is weakened due to paralysis. Nowadays, FES devices on the market are designed to rehabilitate only one type of movement and not yet applied wearable and ergonomics design. Meanwhile, the FES devices developed by the laboratory has applied a wearable design and has been able to rehabilitate several movements at once, but not yet for ergonomics design. This study developed a usability instrument and do the usability evaluation for the FES medical devices which is rehabilitate multiple movements on the upper limb. The usability variables chosen for the usability evaluation are simplicity, learnability, memorability, informativeness, and trust ability. Usability evaluation is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data obtained from the propagation of the questionnaire are processed by statistic method such as average value and standard deviation. The results indicate that the simplicity, learnability, and memorability variables were well applied to the developed FES devices. While the variables informativeness and trust ability dimension are still not properly applied to developed FES devices.
Determine effective pedestrian paths as evacuation routes for landslide disaster (case study: manyaran and kembangarum villages)
Authors: Latuihamallo D W , Susanto N , Susanty A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Central Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is vulnerable to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Landslide incidents in Central Java from 2011-2015 have the highest frequency compared to other disasters, i.e. 568 incidents. Primarily, for landslide, the data shows that the incidents in the city of Semarang have a high frequency. The previous study about the readiness index of several villages in the city of Semarang in facing the landslide disaster has been conducted and the result indicated that 2 out 19 surveyed villages belong to the category not ready for facing the landslides, namely Manyaram and Kembangarum. One of the causes of the lack of readiness is they don’t have an evacuation route. So, based on this condition, the purpose of this study is to determine an effective pedestrian path as evacuation routes for landslide disaster for Manyaram and Kembangarum Villages. In this case, the effective pedestrian path will be determined based on the shortest, fastest, and inexpensive route parameters. The method used in this study is Network Analysis with ArcGIS10.3 applications. The result of this study will display the route map and trip descriptions of the shortest, fastest, and inexpensive route.
Waste transportation route garbage using network analysis method, a research method design
Authors: Maspaitella B J , Susanty A , Purwaningsih R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Semarang city is one of the cities in Indonesia and is the centre of the economy, the centre of education and it is also not free from the garbage problem. Garbage production in Semarang City is 1,200 tons per day and not fully transported. The increasing accumulation of garbage can cause pollution of soil, ground water and air. The volume of garbage that has been produced for the Banyumanik district area is 27% of all the total Semarang waste production. It is important to optimizing garbage transportation routes that can minimize transport distances and maximize transportation routes with constrain all transportable points being passed. The method used in this research is network analysis with ArcGIS10.3 application. The results of this study will display the route map of the garbage transportation which minimizes the distance of transportation from the origin to the final disposal site and a description of the trip of the shortest, fastest and cheapest route.
Evaluation of the SAP R/3 system implementation using optimized modules (Case study: Chemicals company)
Authors: Amran T G , Yuniati S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the SAP R/3 System Implementation through optimization of modules in resin chemicals industry. The company has implemented SAP R/3 software since 2013, but 62% of it has not been adjusted and need to be evaluated for implementation performance, therefore it is unknown whether SAP already reached its optimum point. Therefore, SAP R/3 evaluation is needed through SY Check List, improvement of forecasting, and Material Requirement Planning (MRP). The chosen product that was calculated was the A category product by ABC analysis. The 6 periods (months) forecasting will be used as a base of Master Production Schedule (MPS) to calculate the raw material requirement. The MRP calculation method used Lot-For-Lot because it does not need price information. SY Check List was used to identify in-optimum modules which SAP provided beforehand. The suggestion made based on the best forecasting calculation was used as other A category products forecasting calculation method. Therefore, SY Check List optimized SAP modules not only as a book data, but also logistic as integrated system which have to be maximized. As actual demand fluctuation forecasting method should be changed. More accurate forecasting will define MRP parameters accuracy.
Optimization operation strategy of electric boilers by mixed integer programming method in nickel production process
Authors: Djati W S , Siswanto N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nickel smelting process requires steam in the process of drying and calcining. Utilities Department is responsible for supplying steam either use electric boiler or fossil fuel. With fluctuations in fuel prices, limited electricity supply, boiler reliability, and government emission limits, it is a challenge for department utilities to produce steam. Planning and selection of boiler operations to produce steam to meet the needs of the smelting process are necessary in order to minimize operating costs and maintain boiler reliability in distributing steam. This condition makes mixed integer programming become the best method to solve the model. Mathematical models are used to determine boiler operations in the wet season and dry season by using mixed integer programming methods. In the wet season, boilers that use electricity can operate because electricity from hydropower is sufficient, although not fully the boiler can meet the steam needed. Whereas in the dry season boilers that use electricity cannot operate due to limited electricity supply generated from hydropower.
Modeling opportunistic maintenance using discrete event simulation
Authors: Budiono A L , Siswanto N , Kurniati N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to create a simulation model of Opportunistic Maintenance (OM). In continuous industries and with a large variety of equipment functions, options for maintenance are very small. Determination of the maintenance schedule is based on the time opportunity created by the inventory level conditions, are blocking by the next process or lack of material from the previous process. The research was conducted by using discrete event simulation to generate arrival time of equipment failure and opportunistic maintenance time from scheduled maintenance and arrival time for maintenance due to inventory conditions. The arrival time of failure and the arrival time of opportunistic maintenance will probably intersect. Such conditions will increase the availability of equipment. Then the replication process is carried out to compare the availability of equipment under real conditions and the expected value of availability from the simulation. Finally, scheduled maintenance can be a decision variable to choose the best maintenance time when faced with fluctuations in demand.
The development of Kansei-based mining model for robust service design
Authors: Hartono M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a model which shows the importance of Kansei Engineering (KE) methodology in supporting the design of robust services. The KE methodology is enhanced by the Kansei-based mining process, SERVQUAL, and Kano categorization in order to conceptualize robust service design and development. Due to complexity and contextual based, Kansei words as emotion representative are usually formed in fuzzy and abstract terms. It may lead to ambiguous and unclear meaning. Mapping and structuring more representative Kansei is needed. Hence, through Kansei mining system, historical data includes customer Kansei feedbacks are critical. KE model incorporating Kansei mining process followed by expected contribution which captures more organized and captured Kansei of product and service experience is proposed and discussed.