bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stable, Low Permeable TEMPO Catholyte for Aqueous Total Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Hu Bo , Hu Maowei , Luo Jian , Liu T. Leo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are highly attractive for large‐scale energy storage because of their nonflammability, low cost, and sustainability. (2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) derivatives, a class of redox active molecules bearing air‐stable free nitroxyl radicals and high redox potential (>0.8 V vs NHE), has been identified as promising catholytes for AORFBs. However, reported TEMPO based molecules are either permeable through ion exchange membranes or not chemically stable enough for long‐term energy storage. Herein, a new TEMPO derivative functionalized with a dual‐ammonium dicationic group, N1, N1, N1, N3, N3, 2, 2, 6, 6‐nonamethyl‐N3‐(piperidinyloxy)propane‐1,3‐bis(ammonium) dichloride (N2‐TEMPO) as a stable, low permeable catholyte for AORFBs is reported. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopic studies reveal its exceptional stability and ultra‐low permeability (1.49 × 10−12 cm2 s−1). Coupled with 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl]‐4,4′‐bipyridinium tetrachloride ((NPr)2V) as an anolyte, a 1.35 V N2‐TEMPO/(NPr)2V AORFB with 0.5 m electrolytes (9.05 Wh L−1) delivers a high power density of 114 mW cm−2 and 100% capacity retention for 400 cycles at 60 mA cm−2. At 1.0 m electrolyte concentrations, the N2‐TEMPO/(NPr)2V AORFB achieves an energy density of 18.1 Wh L−1 and capacity retention of 90% for 400 cycles at 60 mA cm−2.
Structure and morphological changes of multilayer separators for lithium‐ion batteries under abuse/overcharge conditions
Authors: Yeh Wei‐Ting , Huang Yi‐Fang , Wu Cheng‐Chang , Hong Po‐Da 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost separators for lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries are manufactured using polyolefins. However, such thermoplastic materials may undergo structural changes under high voltage or temperature. Thus, this study investigates the structural and morphological changes of separators during overcharge conditions. Unlike a single‐layer polypropylene (PP) separator, a composite separator with an interface, such as a PP/polyethylene (PE)/PP separator, exhibits a characteristic peak in voltage during the overcharging process before the occurrence of the shutdown mechanism by the PE layer. As the temperature rises, parts of the irregular crystalline structure of PE melt because of their lower melting temperature at the PP/PE interface. This results in local shrinkage and interfaces disturbance, and the Li‐ion channel becomes partially blocked. The Li‐ions follow alternative channels, and this causes the voltage to abruptly increase during overcharging. The experimental results clearly indicate that the microstructural changes of the separator are important in the above‐mentioned phenomenon.
A new photoactivable NO‐releasing {Ru−NO}6 ruthenium nitrosyl complex with a tetradentate ligand containing aniline and pyridine moieties
Authors: Cho Jang‐Hoon , Kim Minyoung , You Youngmin , Lee Hong‐In 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new type of photoactivable NO‐releasing ruthenium nitrosyl complex, [Ru(EPBP)Cl(NO)], with a tetradentate ligand, N,N’‐(ethane‐1,2‐diyldi‐o‐phenylene)‐bis(pyridine‐2‐carboxamide) (= H2EPBP) was synthesized. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that the complex has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and NO is positioned at cis to Cl− ion. NO‐photolysis was observed under a white room light. The photodissociation of Ru−NO bond was identified by various techniques including X‐ray crystallography, IR, UV/Vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and NMR spectroscopies. Quantum yields for the NO‐photolysis of the complex in CH3OH, CHCl3, DMSO, CH3CN, and CH3NO2 were measured to be 0.19–0.36 with 400 (±5) nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to understand the details of the photodissociation of the complex. The calculations suggest that the NO photolysis is most likely initiated by the electronic transition from the aniline moiety π MOs (π (aniline)) of the EPBP2− chelating ligand to the π‐antibonding MO of Ru−NO (π*(Ru−NO)). Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the EPBP2− ligand provides an effective platform forming ruthenium nitrosyl complexes useful for NO‐photoreleasing.
Oxygen Vacancies Enhanced NiCo2O4 Nanoarrays on Carbon Cloth as Cathode for Flexible Supercapacitors with Excellent Cycling Stability
Authors: Cai Dongming , Cao Qinghe , Du Junjie , Liu Yang , Bu Fan , Yan Yonghui , Lu Xinhuan , Xia Qinghua , Zhou Dan , Xia Yongde 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDefect engineering such as oxygen vacancy in heterostructured electrode materials has emerged as a promising strategy to improve material performance in energy storage and conversion fields. The most common methods to introduce oxygen vacancies in energy materials usually involve high temperature treatment or strong reducing agents. In this work, we adopted a mild solvothermal treatment method to introduce oxygen vacancies into NiCo2O4 (Vo‐NiCo2O4) nanoarrays. Owing to the increased oxygen vacancies and the improved surface area, the as‐prepared Vo‐NiCo2O4 on carbon cloth (Vo‐NiCo2O4@CC) shows a high specific capacitance of 1389 mF cm−2 under the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, and a remarkable capacitance retention of 93.8 % after 10000 cycles when used as cathode for supercapacitor. Moreover, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using Vo‐NiCo2O4@CC as cathode and AC@CC as anode and this device delivers a high energy density of 43.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 281 W kg−1. In addition, the as‐assembled quasi‐solid state asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and functions well while being bent at large angles or being twisted. This work offers a facile, cost‐effective and practical available approach to finely tune the surface property of electrode materials towards flexible energy storage devices for wearable applications.
Full‐Range Redox Mediation on Sulfur Redox Kinetics for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Peng Yan‐Qi , Zhao Meng , Chen Zi‐Xian , Cheng Qian , Liu Yiran , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Ma Xinzhi , Li Bo‐Quan , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery is considered as a promising energy storage system because of its high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1, whose practical performance is limited by the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Homogeneous redox mediators (RMs) are effective promotors to propel the sulfur redox kinetics. However, most of the RMs only focus on a single reaction process. Herein, a strategy of mixed redox mediators (mixed‐RM) is proposed for full‐range redox mediation on the sulfur redox kinetics in working Li−S batteries. Concretely, one of the mixed‐RM mainly mediates the liquid‐solid reduction from polysulfides (LiPSs) to Li2S during discharge, while the other aims to promote the solid‐liquid conversion from Li2S to LiPSs and the liquid‐solid conversion from LiPSs to S8 during charge. Consequently, 2.5 Ah Li−S pouch cells with the mixed‐RM achieve an actual initial energy density of 354 Wh kg−1 alongside stable 20 cycles. This work provides an effective strategy on promoting the sulfur redox kinetics for high‐energy‐density Li−S batteries and inspires rational combination of novel functional molecules for practical energy storage systems.
High‐fat‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver potentiates vulnerability to and the severity of viral hepatitis in a C3H/HeN mouse model
Authors: Wu Ting , Hu Junjian , Wang Xiaojing , Luo Xiaoping , Wang Hongwu , Ning Qin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the concomitance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis is soaring, there is not much knowledge about the impact of NAFLD on viral hepatitis. Here, we aimed to investigate how NAFLD influences the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Wild‐type C3H/HeN mice with NAFLD induced by high‐fat diet were infected with murine hepatitis virus 3 (MHV‐3) and sacrificed at Days 4, 8, 12, and 16 post infection. Although there was no difference in the survival rate between mice with and without NAFLD, individuals with steatosis suffered more severe and prolonged liver injury demonstrated by transaminases and histology examination. The intrahepatic viral load was higher in NAFLD group during early infection, although it declined ultimately. On the contrary, the serum antiviral antibody titer remained in a lower level in mice with NAFLD throughout the investigation. In NAFLD group, the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17A) and the frequencies of antiviral immune cells (NKG2D+ NK cells and CD69+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTLs]) were profoundly increased. Parallelly, the production of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10) and inhibitory checkpoint expression (NKG2A on NK cells and programmed cell death‐1 on CTLs) were also significantly elevated to maintain homeostasis. However, the upregulation of interleukin 22, a protective cytokine was deficient in NAFLD group post MHV‐3 infection. Conclusively, hepatic lipid metabolic abnormalities disturb antiviral immunity and increase the vulnerability to and severity of viral hepatitis.
Introduction of COVID‐19 knowledge via film teaching method
Authors: Liang Boying , Shen Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 has provided new challenges and also opportunities for the development of online education. Based on our experience from the online education after the outbreak of the COVID‐19, this article proposes to introduce COVID‐19 knowledge through film teaching methods. Films can stimulate students' interest in learning and improve the teaching efficiency of online education with its rich storylines, high‐quality pictures, interesting, and entertaining nature. Teachers can carry out online teaching with the aid of films through four key steps: determining the key points of the teaching content, choosing matching films, setting up topic‐related questions, and communicating and discussing after watching the film.
Use of FLOSEAL® as a scaffold and its impact on induced neural stem cell phenotype, persistence, and efficacy
Authors: Bomba Hunter N. , Carey‐Ewend Abigail , Sheets Kevin T. , Valdivia Alain , Goetz Morgan , Findlay Ingrid A. , Mercer‐Smith Alison , Kass Lauren E. , Khagi Simon , Hingtgen Shawn D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInduced neural stem cells (iNSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic platform for glioblastoma (GBM). iNSCs have the innate ability to home to tumor foci, making them ideal carriers for antitumor payloads. However, the in vivo persistence of iNSCs limits their therapeutic potential. We hypothesized that by encapsulating iNSCs in the FDA‐approved, hemostatic matrix FLOSEAL®, we could increase their persistence and, as a result, therapeutic durability. Encapsulated iNSCs persisted for 95 days, whereas iNSCs injected into the brain parenchyma persisted only 2 weeks in mice. Two orthotopic GBM tumor models were used to test the efficacy of encapsulated iNSCs. In the GBM8 tumor model, mice that received therapeutic iNSCs encapsulated in FLOSEAL® survived 30 to 60 days longer than mice that received nonencapsulated cells. However, the U87 tumor model showed no significant differences in survival between these two groups, likely due to the more solid and dense nature of the tumor. Interestingly, the interaction of iNSCs with FLOSEAL® appears to downregulate some markers of proliferation, anti‐apoptosis, migration, and therapy which could also play a role in treatment efficacy and durability. Our results demonstrate that while FLOSEAL® significantly improves iNSC persistence, this alone is insufficient to enhance therapeutic durability.
Cloud‐based virtual simulation system of wave motion characteristics
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhang Bin , Yan Shenglin , Fu Xiaoli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe traditional wave motion characteristic experiment has some problems, such as the loose connection between theory and experimental teaching, limitations of the experiment due to its site and time, and poor sense of participation and interaction. Focusing on the above problems, a virtual simulation experiment system for wave motion characteristics is designed and developed. The system uses virtual reality technology, cloud platform technology, and wave simulation technology. Taking the real laboratory as the prototype, the scene structure, instrument function, and water movement are simulated with high precision. The multimode fusion teaching method has expanded the experimental content, enriched the micro‐observation function and data collection categories, enhanced the interaction of the experimental process, and created a high‐quality immersive online teaching experience for the students. Since its inception, the experiment system has served six cycles of instruction and obtained good feedback from the teachers and students. During the period of the pandemic, it provides great support to experimental teaching and serves as a good supplement to the existing teaching system. Adhering to the “student‐centered” teaching principle, the teaching team will improve the experimental system constantly, cultivate the students' independent thinking and innovation abilities, help the students with their own personalized development, and contribute to the training of excellent engineers.
Prognosis of high‐risk human papillomavirus‐related cervical lesions: A hidden Markov model analysis of a single‐center cohort in Japan
Authors: Ikesu Ryo , Taguchi Ayumi , Hara Konan , Kawana Kei , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Tomio Jun , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have shown that individuals with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cervical lesions have different prognoses according to the HPV genotype. However, these studies failed to account for possible diagnostic misclassification. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to clarify the natural course of cervical lesions according to HPV genotype to account for any diagnostic misclassification.Materials and MethodsOur cohort included 729 patients classified as having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). HPV was genotyped in all patients, who were followed up or treated for cervical lesions at the University of Tokyo Hospital from October 1, 2008 to March 31, 2015. Hidden Markov models were applied to estimate the diagnostic misclassification probabilities of the current diagnostic practice (histology and cytology) and the transitions between true states. We then simulated two‐year transition probabilities between true cervical states according to HPV genotype.ResultsCompared with lesions in patients with other HPV genotypes, lesions in HPV 16‐positive patients were estimated to be more likely to increase in severity (i.e., CIN3/cancer); over 2 years, 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.3%–29.3%) and 27.8% (95% CI, 16.6%–43.5%) of those with HPV 16 progressed to CIN3/cancer from the true states of CIN1 and CIN2, respectively, whereas 55%–70% of CIN1/2 patients infected with HPV 52/58 remained in the CIN1/2 category. Misclassification was estimated to occur at a rate of 3%–38% in the current diagnostic practice.ConclusionThis study contributes robust evidence to current literature on cervical lesion prognosis according to HPV genotype and quantifies the diagnostic misclassification of true cervical lesions.
Bestimmung der Prozessparameter von Zerkleinerungsprozessen für dämmstoffhaltige Kompositmaterialien
Authors: Fehn Thomas , Elsner Martin P. , Schweppe Rainer , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEin wesentlicher Aspekt in der Aufbereitungstechnik ist der Zerkleinerungsprozess, der auch einen der energieaufwendigsten Prozessschritte darstellt. Durch mangelnde Aufbereitungstechnologien zur selektiven Zerkleinerung von dämmstoffhaltigen Kompositmaterialien wie Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) geht aktuell ein erhebliches Ressourceneffizienzpotenzial verloren. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden WDVS mit unterschiedlichen Dämmstoffmaterialien zerkleinert und der Einfluss von relevanten Prozessparametern sowie die in den Mühlen vorherrschende Beanspruchungsart am Komposit untersucht und ein erstes Zerkleinerungsmodell erstellt. Durch die Methode der dynamischen Bildanalyse konnten die individuellen Zerkleinerungsprodukte charakterisiert und somit der Prozess quantifiziert werden.
Development of robust Özkale–Kaçiranlar and Yang–Chang estimators for regression models in the presence of multicollinearity and outliers
Authors: Awwad Fuad A. , Dawoud Issam , Abonazel Mohamed R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ordinary least‐squares estimator is commonly used to estimate the parameters of a linear regression model but gives unreliable and unfavorable results when two problems occur together: multicollinearity and outliers. This article proposes two different robust estimators of the regression parameters to cope with these problems together. The proposed estimators are a robust version of the Özkale–Kaçiranlar and Yang–Chang estimators. Theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and real‐life data on manufacturing production are presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed robust estimators to existing estimators at dealing with multicollinearity and outliers at the same time.
Determination of the Activation Energies of Phase Transition for Calcium Orthophosphates Based on Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Data
Authors: Vasylenko Kateryna , Sakhno Yuriy , Jaisi Deb , Nikolenko Mykola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKinetic studies of the transformation of calcium orthophosphates metastable precipitates are performed under different synthesis conditions. The phase composition and degree of crystallinity are investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. In acidic solution, precipitates of CaHPO 4 . 2H 2 O (DCPD) and CaHPO 4 (DCPA) are formed at the early stage of precipitation, with the degree of crystallinity at the range of 17–35%. Specifically, DCPD precipitates at 30 °C and anhydrous DCPA at 50 °C. In alkaline solution (pH 8–10), only amorphous forms of calcium orthophosphate are precipitated, which is explained by the high degree of supersaturation. The effect of pH on the composition of precipitates is illustrated by the solubility isotherms of pure calcium orthophosphates. It is determined the activation energy of phase transformation of calcium orthophosphate from X‐ray powder diffraction patterns. Based on this relationship developed, the activation energies for the recrystallization DCPD and DCPA are 10.2 and 13.1 kJ mol−1, respectively, and for the phase transition of DCPD to DCPA – 36.7 kJ mol−1. Further recrystallization to most thermodynamically stable hydroxyapatite occurs at the activation energy of 5.2 kJ mol−1. These findings are critical to the phase transition and transformation of calcium phosphate minerals.
Genetic characterization of agronomic traits and grain threshability for organic naked barley in the northern United States
Authors: Massman Chris , Meints Brigid , Hernandez Javier , Kunze Karl , Hayes Patrick M. , Sorrells Mark E. , Smith Kevin P. , Dawson Julie C. , Gutierrez Lucia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNaked barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain threshes freely from its hull during harvesting and cleaning. Much of the available naked barley germplasm is unadapted to U.S. barley growing regions, and few genotypes have been selected to thrive under organic systems. The goal of this research was to characterize a set of spring naked barley genotypes for agronomic traits in the northern United States under organic conditions and estimate the degree of genotype × environment interaction (GEI). To achieve this goal, a multienvironment trial was conducted over 3 yr. Experiments were grown under organic conditions where traits including grain yield, test weight, plant height, heading date, and threshability were evaluated. Contributions of environment, genotype, and GEI to the phenotypic variance were calculated. In the tested germplasm, test weight, plant height, heading date, and threshability were found to have higher variance attributed to genotypic effects compared to GEI. Grain yield variance attributed to GEI was five times greater than that of genotype alone. Genotype + GEI (GGE) and location‐grouping (LG) biplots showed two sets of environments where naked barley genotypes performed similarly. Sensitivity analysis by Finlay–Wilkinson regression found that grain yield was highly sensitive to changes in environment mean yield. These results show that selection for grain yield should be conducted within mega‐environments to leverage GEI patterns. Heading date, plant height, test weight, and threshability can be selected across mega‐environments.
Effect of drought on wheat production in Poland between 1961 and 2019
Authors: Oleksiak Tadeusz , Spyroglou Ioannis , Pacoń Darmara , Matysik Przemysław , Pernisová Markéta , Rybka Krystyna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of drought on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is shown, using an example data set of almost 60 yr from six climate‐specific regions in Poland. Drought was measured using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the hydro‐thermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC). Yield trends were estimated by Bayesian linear regression over two periods, 1961–1991 and 1992–2019, identified by a changepoint detection method. Bayesian inference is used as it allows the estimation of a credible interval of regression coefficients instead of point estimates and asymptotic confidence intervals, thus comparisons between regression coefficients are more meaningful. We detected an increase in yield in both time periods and in all regions. The average winter wheat yield increased by 97% in the first period and by 35% in the second (19.8–39.1 dt ha−1 and 32.9–44.5 dt ha−1, respectively). Spring wheat yield increased by 96% in the first period and by 42% in the second (16.8–37.9 and 22.9–32.5 dt ha−1, respectively). Yield losses in drought years were estimated using the paired t test to compare mean difference between real yields and yields estimated from regression lines for nondrought years. The highest yield losses due to drought were in regions I (–19.3% spring wheats, –6.3% winter ones) and III (–16.1% spring and –8.3% winter wheats) over the 1992–2019 period.