bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of doping location induced anisotropy on thermophysical properties of dilute Fe2O3‐Y2O3‐ZrO2 solid solutions
Authors: Guo Fangwei , Zhang Xing , Cai Huangyue , Fan Xiaohui , Hu Li , Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti‐element doped zirconia ceramics are of interest as a satisfactory balance in low thermal conductivity, phase stability, and particularly fracture resistance dominated by non‐transformable tetragonal prime phase (t′) for the next generation thermal barrier coatings and catalysis supports. Compared with mass and radius of dopants, dopant location is rarely investigated due to the high complexity. The undersized transition metal oxides (Fe, Co, and Ni) within 2.0 mol% content were selected for doping 3Y‐TZP to improve thermophysical properties by distinctive doping locations. As shown by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra, the Fe3+/Fe2+ ions occupied both substitution and interstitial sites simultaneously, which significantly increased tetragonality and local anisotropy of FeY‐TZP polycrystal. The t′ phase transformation mechanism of the FeY‐TZP compounds quantitatively discussed regarding the coercive strain and stress. In opposition to prediction by Kopp's law, the coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat capacity of the FeY‐TZP compounds unusally decreased, and the maximum reduction of −83% and −22.5% occured in the 1.0 mol% Fe doping. Cp‐T dependency of the specimens above 550 K strongly related with lattice anisotropy in addition to t′ phase content. Thermomechanical properties of the multicomponent zirconia are highly tunable with dopant locations, supplying a novel landscape for designing high‐entropy ceramics.
Factors That Influence Nurse Staffing Levels in Acute Care Hospital Settings
Authors: Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María , Fernández‐García Elena , Rafferty Anne Marie , Gil‐García Eugenia , Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify which patient and hospital characteristics are related to nurse staffing levels in acute care hospital settings.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used for this study.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,004 patients across 10 hospitals in the Andalucian Health Care System (southern Spain) in 2015. The sampling was carried out in a stratified, consecutive manner on the basis of (a) hospital size by geographical location, (b) type of hospital unit, and (c) patients’ sex and age group. Random criteria were used to select patients based on their user identification in the electronic health record system. The variables were grouped into two categories, patient and hospital characteristics. Multilevel linear regression models (MLMs) with random intercepts were used. Two models were fitted: the first was the null model, which contained no explanatory variables except the intercepts (fixed and random), and the second (explanatory) model included selected independent variables. Independent variables were allowed to enter the explanatory model if their univariate association with the nurse staffing level in the MLM was significant at p < .05.ResultsTwo hierarchical levels were established to control variance (patients and hospital). The model variables explained 63.4% of the variance at level 1 (patients) and 71.8% at level 2 (hospital). Statistically significant factors were the type of hospital unit (p = .002), shift (p < .001), and season (p < .001). None of the variables associated with patient characteristics obtained statistical significance in the model.ConclusionsNurse staffing levels were associated with hospital characteristics rather than patient characteristics.Clinical RelevanceThis study provides evidence about factors that impact on nurse staffing levels in the settings studied. Further studies should determine the influence of patient characteristics in determining optimal nurse staffing levels.
Serum IL‐17 levels in patients with rosacea
Authors: Hayran Yıldız , Şen Orhan , Fırat Oğuz Esra , Yücel Çiğdem , Eren Funda , Külcü Çakmak Seray , Yalçın Başak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized with increased serum and tissue inflammatory mediators. IL‐17 is a well‐known inflammatory mediator that plays important roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Previous studies reported that Th17 pathway is activated in rosacea and IL‐17, one of Th17 signature cytokines, is elevated in tissue samples of rosacea patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate serum IL‐17 levels in rosacea patients and to study its relationship with disease characteristics.MethodsSixty patients diagnosed with rosacea and 60 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum IL‐17 concentrations were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe mean serum IL‐17 level was 8.03 pg/mL (SD = 1.47) in rosacea patients and 7.37 pg/mL (Sd = 1.19) in controls. Serum IL‐17 levels were significantly higher in rosacea (p = 0.002). Serum IL‐17 levels were similar among patients with erythematotelangiectatic (ET) and papulopustular (PP) rosacea (8.02 vs 8.06, p = 0.83). Serum IL‐17 levels did not correlate with rosacea severity (p = 0.59, r = 0.07 in ET rosacea; p = 0.88, r = 0.02 in PP rosacea), age of onset (p = 0.58, r = −0.07), and disease duration (p = 0.37, r = −0.11). Primary features and global assessments did not correlate with serum IL‐17 levels (all p > 0.05). Among secondary features, edema showed a significant negative correlation with serum IL‐17 concentrations (p = 0.037, r = −0.26).ConclusionsOur study showed increased serum IL‐17 levels in rosacea patients and a significant correlation between IL‐17 concentrations and secondary features of the disease suggesting IL‐17 may contribute to pathogenesis of rosacea and may be a new target for rosacea treatment.
Examining the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale: In a metropolitan Australian general hospital
Authors: Brunero Scott , Lamont Scott , Dunn Sarah , Varndell Wayne , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo evaluate and examine the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale by generalist healthcare professionals.BackgroundWorkplace violence in general hospital settings remains a challenge for healthcare organisations. High rates of violence are still being reported towards healthcare workers, despite organisational violence prevention strategies being implemented. There is a major challenge to healthcare organisation in the measurement of the effectiveness of these interventions, traditionally completed via the reporting and monitoring of workplace violent incidents. A novel approach to measuring workplace violence is by studying hospital atmosphere or climate.DesignA cross‐sectional survey using the STARD guidelines was used.MethodsThe Violence Prevention Climate scale was completed by 194 healthcare staff working in the emergency department, medical/surgical wards, respiratory/infectious disease, spinal care, renal unit, corrections health, and rehabilitation and community services of a major Australian tertiary referral hospital. The Violence Prevention Climate scale has previously been validated and used in mental health settings, but not general hospital settings. A content analysis of an open‐ended question on violence prevention management strategies was also conducted.ResultsComprising of 14 items with two factors (patients and staff), the study revealed a 9‐item staff factor scale that can be used in the general hospital setting, the patient factor did not show adequate reliability. The content analysis revealed seven categories of staff identified violence prevention and management strategies.ConclusionsThe use of the 9‐item scale across an organisation annually, or added to existing organisational workforce surveys, could prove to be practical way of measuring the social climate of violence in a general hospital setting.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of which could guide clinical practice, workplace safety, policy and educational initiatives for the prevention and management of workplace violence.
Gamified applications for secondary prevention in patients with high cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review of effectiveness and acceptability
Authors: Davis Angus J. , Parker Helen M. , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionGamified health mobile applications (apps) are promoted as innovative approaches to self‐management and risk factor reduction. However, information is lacking on effectiveness or feasibility in older patients at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which limits uptake and recommendations by nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of gamified apps for CVD secondary prevention.MethodsEQUATOR PRISMA checklist was used to guide the systematic review. PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS were searched from inception to January 2020 for studies evaluating app interventions incorporating ≥2 game tactics and targeting secondary prevention in patients diagnosed with heart disease, hypertension, stroke or type 2 diabetes. Narrative summaries of results were used as meta‐analysis were not possible. The PROSPERO ID number was CRD42020209791.ResultsSeven studies involving 657 patients were included. Gamified apps resulted in more improvement in physical activity, HbA1C and diabetes self‐management empowerment compared to multiple different comparators, and more physical activity motivation compared to a neutral content control app. Heart failure knowledge also improved significantly. However, no benefits above usual care were evident for blood pressure or body mass index, or from app use for heart failure self‐management, medication adherence or atrial fibrillation knowledge.App acceptability in terms of usage declined with time but was high for the game components of challenges, medication monitoring, viewing of leader boards and badges and walking training participation. Enjoyment was highest for elements that featured surprise/novelty, having teammates, challenges, good graphic design and clarity.ConclusionsGamified mobile apps show the potential to improve secondary prevention in high CVD risk patients. Indications for acceptability were evident, with higher adherence than clinic‐based secondary prevention programmes. However, further well‐designed randomised controlled trials, which track app usage are needed to confirm this potential and encourage nurses to recommend these types of apps.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Can it overtake its transvenous counterpart
Authors: Savarimuthu Sugeevan , Roy Saswata , Obeidat Mohammed , Harky Amer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, the emergence of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) has provided cardiologists with an option to provide both primary or secondary prevention treatment of sudden cardiac death (SCD) without the associated risks that come with the use of intracardiac leads. S‐ICD may prove to be a useful option in those who are young, have thromboembolic risk, immunodeficiency states, unfavorable anatomy due to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). This article reviews the existing literature to determine whether S‐ICD can prove to be a safe alternative in comparison to Transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV‐ICD) and in which patient population should S‐ICD be considered over TV‐ICD.
The transcription factor geneRDD4contributes to the control of nutrient ion accumulation in rice
Authors: Iwamoto Masao , Tsuchida‐Mayama Tomoko , Ichikawa Hiroaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the expression and functions of the transcription factor geneRDD4(rice Dof daily fluctuations 4), which has sequence similarity toRDD1that controls nutrient ion accumulation in rice. RDD4 protein was highly accumulated in leaf sheaths and localized to vascular bundles.RDD4‐overexpressing plants (RDD4‐OX) improved the accumulation of various nutrient ions, irrespective of nutrient concentration in a hydroponic solution. K+and Cl−deficiencies induced the accumulation of other cations and anions, respectively. Interestingly, inRDD4‐OX plants K+and Cl−deficiencies increased PO43−and Mg2+contents, respectively, despite opposite electric charges. Furthermore, PO43−deficiency induced NO3−and Mg2+accumulation inRDD4‐OX plants. These data show thatRDD4is associated with the control of nutrient ion contents within plants. Also, photosynthetic CO2assimilation inRDD4‐OX plants was higher than in wild‐type (WT) plants, although the sizes of shoots and panicles decreased inRDD4‐OX plants. Subsequent microarray analysis indicated thatOsFWL7, similar to maizeCNR1that negatively regulates plant size, showed the most significant difference in its expression levels between WT andRDD4‐OX plants. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that a prominent increase in theOsFWL7expression reduces plant size inRDD4‐OX plants.
Trunk river and tributary interactions recorded in the Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphy of the Po Plain (northern Italy)
Authors: Bruno Luigi , Amorosi Alessandro , Lugli Stefano , Sammartino Irene , Fontana Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTributary rivers can contribute significantly to alluvial‐plain construction by supplying large volumes of clastic material. Their relation to the main axial river strongly influences sediment deposition and preservation. The Po Plain is fed by the Po River and a dense network of transverse tributaries draining the nearby Alpine and Apennine chains. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, petrographic and geochemical analyses on 38 cores permitted detailed differentiation of Po and Apennine sedimentary units. Po River deposits are vertically stacked channel‐belt sand bodies with high contents of quartz–feldspar and metamorphic rock fragments, combined with high chromium levels. These sand bodies, 20 to 30 km wide, are replaced southward by finer‐grained deposits that represent the distal Apennine tributary‐rivers system. Apennine sands, confined in narrow ribbons, show lower quartz–feldspar contents, abundant sedimentary lithics and lower chromium levels. In the last 870 kyr, the boundary between the Po and the Apennine sediment delivery systems shifted along a north–south axis in response to distinct controlling factors. A 20 km northward shift of the Po channel belt, possibly related to a tectonic event, is recorded across a regional unconformity dating to the Marine Isotope Stage 12/11 transition. High sediment supply rates during glacial‐lowstand periods widened the Po channel belt southward towards the Apennine domain for a few kilometres. The Last Glacial Maximum channel‐belt sand body, 30 km wide and 40 m thick, progressively narrowed northward after the glacial culmination. During the Holocene, channel patterns became avulsive and distributive. Narrow channel belts (<3 km) formed along the Po River branches, and abundant swamp and poorly drained‐floodplain muds were preserved in interfluvial areas. Activation and deactivation of the Po branches resulted in sharp narrowing and widening of the area available for Apennine‐rivers sedimentation. This work provides insights into tributary‐trunk river relations which control grain‐size distribution and compositional characters of subsurface deposits.
Experimental investigation of the strain‐rate effects on the failure of composite materials with off‐axis tensile tests on unidirectional plies
Authors: Fourest Thomas , Berthe Julien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study experimentally investigates the mechanical response of T700/M21 Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers subjected to coupled shear and transverse tension at intermediate strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 15 s−1. Off‐axis tension specimens with transverse and oblique tabs are used for the various tests. Moreover, the specimen aspect ratio is quite low, since dynamic tests are performed in this study. The axial stress–strain curves are successfully simulated using finite element simulations with a viscoelastic model. Based on these numerical simulations, specific stress correction factors are computed to take the effect of end constraints into account for such low aspect ratio specimens. Finally, an increase in the material strength with the strain rate is observed.
Incidence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and human papilloma virus infection in female renal transplant recipients
Authors: Parra‐Avila Idalia , Jiménez‐Santana María Luisa , Barrón‐Sánchez Rosa Elena , Martínez‐Gamboa Rosa Areli , Alberú Josefina , Morales‐Buenrostro Luis Eduardo , Cravioto Ma.‐del‐Carmen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFemale renal transplant recipients (RTR) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related anogenital premalignancies and cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of cervical intraepithelial lesions (IL) and HPV infection, and their associated factors, in Mexican RTR.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study conducted between January 2011 and December 2017. Demographic, clinical, and gynecological data were collected using a previously designed questionnaire. Gynecological examination, cervical cytology, and detection of high‐ and low‐risk HPV DNA were undertaken prior to and after the renal transplant (RT). Colposcopically guided biopsies were obtained from patients who presented high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) during the follow‐up period. Diagnoses were established according to the Bethesda system.ResultsAmong 130 RTR, 62 were eligible for our study. The overall incidence of IL was 17.7% (95% CI, 8% to 27%), (11/62 patients), at 25.6 ± 10.7 months post‐RT. Nine out of the eleven affected patients had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (81.8%) and only two had HSIL (18.2%). The incidence of HPV infection, determined in a subgroup of 30 RTR, was 53.3% (95% CI, 35% to 71%), (16 out of 30 patients), at 18.3 ± 8.9 months post‐RT. High‐risk HPV genotypes were present in 62.5% of HPV positive cases (10/16). In 11 patients (36.6%), HPV infection was not associated to IL.ConclusionsHPV infection and cervical IL are common in the early posttransplant period. Our findings support the need of screening for cervical cancer to detect precancerous changes in RTR and the need of strengthening the knowledge of medical personnel on this issue.
Effects of old age and contraction mode on knee extensor muscle ATP flux and metabolic economy in vivo
Authors: Fitzgerald Liam F. , Bartlett Miles F. , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Francisco Ericber Jimenez , Sup Frank C. , Kent Jane A. 
Published: April 2021

Key points
We used 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify in vivo skeletal muscle metabolic economy (ME; mass‐normalized torque or power produced per ATP consumed) during three 24 s maximal‐effort contraction protocols: (1) sustained isometric (MVIC), (2) intermittent isokinetic (MVDCIsoK), and (3) intermittent isotonic (MVDCIsoT) in the knee extensor muscles of young and older adults.
ME was not different between groups during the MVIC but was lower in older than young adults during both dynamic contraction protocols. These results are consistent with an increased energy cost of locomotion, but not postural support, with age.
The effects of old age on ME were not due to age‐related changes in muscle oxidative capacity or ATP flux.
Specific power was lower in older than young adults, despite similar total ATP synthesis between groups. Together, this suggests a dissociation between cross‐bridge activity and ATP utilization with age.
AbstractMuscle metabolic economy (ME; mass‐normalized torque or power produced per ATP consumed) is similar in young and older adults during some isometric contractions, but less is known about potential age‐related differences in ME during dynamic contractions. We hypothesized that age‐related differences in ME would exist only during dynamic contractions, due to the increased energetic demand of dynamic versus isometric contractions. Ten young (Y; 27.5 ± 3.9 years, 6 men) and 10 older (O; 71 ± 5 years, 5 men) healthy adults performed three 24 s bouts of maximal contractions: (1) sustained isometric (MVIC), (2) isokinetic (120°·s–1, MVDCIsoK; 0.5 Hz), and (3) isotonic (load = 20% MVIC, MVDCIsoT; 0.5 Hz). Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the vastus lateralis muscle was used to calculate ATP flux (mM ATP·s–1) through the creatine kinase reaction, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Quadriceps contractile volume (cm3) was measured by MRI. ME was calculated using the torque‐time integral (MVIC) or power‐time integral (MVDCIsoK and MVDCIsoT), total ATP synthesis and contractile volume. As hypothesized, ME was not different between Y and O during the MVIC (0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 Nm.s.cm–3.mM ATP–1, mean ± SD, respectively; P = 0.847). However, during both MVDCIsoK and MVDCIsoT, ME was lower in O than Y adults (MVDCIsoK: 0.011 ± 0.003 vs. 0.007 ± 0.002 J.cm–3.mM ATP–1; P < 0.001; MVDCIsoT: 0.011 ± 0.002 vs. 0.008 ± 0.002; P = 0.037, respectively), despite similar muscle oxidative capacity, oxidative and total ATP flux in both groups. The lower specific power in older than young adults, despite similar total ATP synthesis between groups, suggests there is a dissociation between cross‐bridge activity and ATP utilization with age.
Development of an Inverse Plume Model for Mass Eruption Rate in Unsteady Conditions
Authors: Solovitz Stephen A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Following volcanic eruptions, forecasters need accurate estimates of mass eruption rate (MER) to appropriately predict the downstream effects. Most analyses use simple correlations or models based on large eruptions at steady conditions, even though many volcanoes feature significant unsteadiness. To address this, a superposition model is developed based on a technique used for spray injection applications, which predicts plume height as a function of the time-varying exit velocity. This model can be inverted, providing estimates of MER using field observations of a plume. The model parameters are optimized using laboratory data for plumes with physically relevant exit profiles and Reynolds numbers, resulting in predictions that agree to within 10% of measured exit velocities. The model performance is examined using historic eruptions with well-documented unsteadiness, again providing MER estimates of the correct order of magnitude. This method can provide a rapid alternative for real-time forecasting of small, unsteady eruptions.