bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First evidence of deviation from Mendelian proportions in a conservation programme
Authors: Grueber Catherine E. , Farquharson Katherine A. , Wright Belinda R. , Wallis Graham P. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClassic Mendelian inheritance is the bedrock of population genetics and underpins pedigree‐based management of animal populations. However, assumptions of Mendelian inheritance might not be upheld in conservation breeding programmes if early viability selection occurs, even when efforts are made to equalise genetic contributions of breeders. To test this possibility, we investigated deviations from Mendelian proportions in a captive metapopulation of the endangered Tasmanian devil. This marsupial population is ideal for addressing evolutionary questions in conservation due to its large size, range of enclosure types (varying in environmental conditions), good genomic resources (which aid interpretation), and the species’ biology. Devil mothers give birth to more offspring than they can nurse in the pouch, providing the potential for intense viability selection amongst embryos. We used data from 140 known sire‐dam‐offspring triads to isolate within‐family selection from population‐level mechanisms (such as mate choice or inbreeding), and compared observed offspring genotypes at 123 targeted SNPs to neutral (i.e., Mendelian) expectations. We found lower offspring heterozygosity than expected, and subtle patterns that varied across a gradient of management intensity from zoo‐like enclosures to semi‐wild environments for some loci. Meiotic drive or maternal‐foetal incompatibilities are consistent with our results, although we cannot statistically confirm these mechanisms. We found some evidence that maternal genotype affects annual litter size, suggesting that family‐level patterns are driven by differential offspring mortality before birth or during early development. Our results show that deviations from Mendelian inheritance can occur in conservation programmes, despite best‐practice management to prevent selection.
Recent advances in autonomic neurology: An overview
Authors: Nakane Shunya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe importance of autonomic neurology has grown exponentially since the development of neuroscience, genetics, and immunology. Advances in this field have made it possible to elucidate the pathomechanism of dysautonomia and autonomic nervous system interactions in both health and disease. In the special issue “Recent Advances in Autonomic Neurology,” four articles covering a wide range of topics in clinical neuroscience, including degenerative diseases, genetic disorders, immune‐mediated neuropathy, and autoimmune encephalitis, were published. This review focused on presenting the recent progress in the clinical approaches for dysautonomia in autoimmune diseases, Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Of particular current concern, is Long COVID, defined as the persistence of symptoms after 3 weeks from being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), may involve autonomic dysfunction. The research and clinical practice for autonomic dysfunction in neurology is constantly evolving, which is exemplified by the current clinical research on Long COVID.
The impact of anatomical variables on haemodialysis tunnelled catheter replacement without fluoroscopy
Authors: Maggiani‐Aguilera Pablo , Chávez‐Iñiguez Jonathan S. , Navarro‐Gallardo Joana G. , Navarro‐Blackaller Guillermo , Flores‐Llamas Alondra M. , Pelayo‐Retano Tania , Arellano‐Delgado Erendira A. , González‐Montes Violeta E. , Yanowsky‐Ortega Ekatherina , Raimann Jochen G. , Garcia‐Garcia Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTunnelled haemodialysis (HD) catheters can be used instantly, but there are several anatomical variables that could impact it survival. This study aimed to examine the impact of different novel anatomic variables, with catheter replacement.MethodsIn a single‐centre a prospective cohort in chronic kidney disease G5 patients were conducted. The primary outcome was to determine the factors associated with catheter replacement during the first 6‐month of follow‐up. All procedures were performed without fluoroscopy. Three anatomic regions for catheter tip position were established: considered as superior vena cava (SVC), cavo‐atrial junction (CAJ) and mid‐to deep atrium (MDA). Many other anatomical variables were measured. Catheter‐related bloodstream infection was also included.ResultsBetween January 2019 and January 2020 a total of 75 patients with tunnelled catheter insertion were analysed. Catheter replacement at 6‐month occur in 10 (13.3%) patients. By multivariate analysis, the incorrect catheter tip position (SVC) (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42, p <.004), the presence of extrasystoles during the procedure (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.98, p = .03), incorrect catheter tug (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.55, p = .003), incorrect catheter top position (kinking; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.88, p = .02) and catheter‐related bloodstream infection (OR 2.60, 95% CI 2.09–3.25, p <.001) were the only variables associated with catheter replacement at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe risk of catheter replacement at 6‐month follow‐up could be attenuated by avoiding incorrect catheter tug and top position, and by placing the vascular catheter tip in the CAJ and MDA.
Brady‐arrhythmias in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure of reduced ejection fraction: is his‐bundle pacing superior to biventricular pacing？
Authors: Ma Pei‐pei , Yang Yi‐heng , Dai Bai‐ling , Zhang Rong‐feng , Wang Nan , Li Dan‐na , Yin Xiao‐meng , Gao Lian‐jun , Xia Yun‐long , Yang Yan‐zong , Dong Ying‐xue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of His‐bundle pacing (HBP) compared with the traditional biventricular pacing (BVP) on patients with brady‐arrhythmias, who suffer from permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsAll patients with brady‐arrhythmias, permanent AF and HFrEF were continuously enrolled from January 2017 to July 2019 and followed up for at least 12 months. The differences in QRS duration (QRSd), New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid regurgitation grade, mitral regurgitation grade, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left atrial size were compared.ResultsA total of 52 patients were enrolled: 37 patients were with HBP and 15 patients with BVP. There was no electrode dislodged, perforation, infection or thrombosis during the follow‐up of 18.12 ± 4.45 months. The success rate for HBP implantation was 88.10%. The capture threshold of his‐bundle and the threshold of the left ventricular lead remained stable during follow‐up. LVEF increased to higher than 50% in 11 patients with HBP (29.73%). The NYHA classification (both p < .001), LVEF (both p < .001) and LVEDD improved significantly during the follow‐up in both groups. NYHA (p = .030), LVEF (p = .013), and LVEDD (p = .003) improved in patients with HBP compared with BVP.ConclusionHBP was safe and more effective in improving the cardiac function and remodeling in patients with brady‐arrhythmias, permanent AF and HFrEF compared with BVP.
Empiric slow‐pathway ablation results for presumed atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in pediatric patients
Authors: Duman Derya , Ertuğrul İlker , Yıldırım Baştuhan Işıl , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Karagöz Tevfik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric patients with documented narrow QRS tachycardia that is suggestive of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and not inducible in electrophysiological study (EPS), empiric slowpathway ablation (ESPA) may be considered. There is limited data in children about this topic.MethodsSeventy‐nine patients who underwent cryoablation and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for presumed AVNRT between January 2010 and January 2020, with no inducible tachycardia and no other tachycardia mechanisms during EPS, were included in this study.ResultsThe age was between 6 and 18 years. All patients had no structural heart disease. Preablation exhibited sustained SP conduction for all patients. In all cases, the ablation end points were prolongation in wenckebach cycle length (WBCL) with loss of cross and/or jump, and/or echo beat. The end points were not achieved in two patients. Overall, the mean basal WBCL increased to 351 ms (240‐500 ms) from 301.3 ms (180‐420 ms), evident in the non‐recurrence group. Nine patients had a transient AV block that improved. We followed the patients without medication for about 46.9 months (8 months to 10 years). Palpitations occurred again in 9 of 77 patients (clinical recurrence rate 9/79 – 11.3%). The documented ECG recurrence rate was 1.2% (1/79). In the non‐recurrence group, WBCL prolongation was higher and mean age was lower than in the recurrence group (13.075 vs. 15.33 years).ConclusionIn cases with presumed AVNRT, ESPA seems to be a reasonable and safe way. In our study, we found our procedural success rate as 97.4% and follow‐up recurrence rate as 12.6% (9+1/79).
Wearable electronic devices for chronic pain intensity assessment: A systematic review
Authors: Avila Francisco R. , McLeod Christopher J. , Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Giardi Davide , Bruce Charles J. , Carter Rickey E. , Forte Antonio J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWearable electronic devices are a convenient solution to pain intensity assessment as they can provide continuous monitoring for more precise medication adjustments. However, there is little evidence regarding the use of wearable electronic devices for chronic pain intensity assessment. Our primary objective was to examine the physiologic parameters used by wearable electronic devices for chronic pain intensity assessment. We initially inquired PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase for studies evaluating the use of wearable electronic devices for chronic pain intensity assessment. We updated our inquiry by searching on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. English peer‐reviewed studies were included, with no exclusions based on time frame or publication status. Of 348 articles that were identified on the first inquiry, 8 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Of 179 articles that were identified on the last inquiry, only 1 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We found articles evaluating wristbands, smartwatches, and belts. Parameters evaluated were psychomotor and sleep patterns, space and time mobility, heart rate variability, and skeletal muscle electrical activity. Most of the studies found significant positive associations between physiological parameters measured by wearable electronic devices and self‐reporting pain scales. Wearable electronic devices reliably reflect physiologic or biometric parameters, providing a physiological correlation for pain. Early stage investigation suggests that the degree of pain intensity can be discerned, which ideally will reduce the bias inherent to existing numeric/verbal scales. Further research on the use of these devices is vital.
Absorption Spectra for Firefly Bioluminescence Substrate Analog: TokeOni in Various pH Solutions
Authors: Ogawa Haruhisa , Ono Ryohei , Noguchi Yoshifumi , Kitada Nobuo , Saito‐Moriya Ryohei , Maki Shojiro A. , Akiyama Hidefumi , Itabashi Hideyuki , Hiyama Miyabi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAkaLumine hydrochloride, named TokeOni, is one of the firefly luciferin analogs, and its reaction with firefly luciferase produces near‐infrared (NIR) bioluminescence. Prior to studying the bioluminescence mechanism, basic knowledge about the chemical structures, electronic states, and absorption properties of TokeOni at various pH values of solution has to be acquired. In this paper, the absorption spectra for TokeOni and AkaLumine at pH 2–10 were measured. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, time‐dependent DFT calculations, and the vibrational analyses were carried out. The absorption spectra indicate that the chemical forms of TokeOni in solutions are same as those of AkaLumine. The peaks at pH 7–10 in the absorption spectra correspond to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion of AkaLumine, the peak at pH 2 corresponds to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion with an N‐protonated thiazoline ring and N‐protonated dimethylamino group of AkaLumine, and the peak at pH 4 corresponds to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion with an N‐protonated thiazoline ring of AkaLumine.
Analysis of immediate use of sunscreen after microneedling
Authors: Meyer Patrícia Froes , Silva Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da , Carreiro Eneida de Morais , Borges Fábio dos Santos , Silva Francy Richarles da Cruz , Vieira Bruno Haysllan de Araújo , Maia Rafaella Rêgo , Queiroga Farias Stephany Luanna , Soares Ciro Dantas , Rodrigues Joyce , Pasqual Gustavo Felipe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMicroneedling promotes skin microlesions that lead to an inflammatory process, increasing cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and synthesis of collagen and elastin, therefore restoring skin integrity.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the differences between the physical and the physical‐chemical sunscreen application after microneedling, assessed through histological analysis.MethodThis was a two‐phase study. The first phase investigated the physical and physical‐chemical sunscreen penetration mixed with India ink through histological analysis. The sunscreens were applied after the microleakage in vivo on the skin of a volunteer who underwent abdominoplasty 24 hours after the procedure. Histological analyses were carried out using optical and electron microscopy. The second phase analysed the skin reactions with the use of physical sunscreen after different microneedling treatments. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers distributed into three groups: G1 received the "Roller" microneedling, G2 received pen micropuncture treatment, and G3 received the fractional radiofrequency treatment.ResultsThe histological analyses of the first phase indicated that the physical‐chemical protection sunscreen penetrated more deeply, and pigment was found among the collagen fibres and the dermal fibroblast cytoplasm in comparison to the physical protection sunscreen, which had the pigment confined exclusively in the superficial epidermis layer. The second phase results demonstrated that the use of the physical protection sunscreen after the different microneedling techniques showed no adverse reactions such as itching, pain or soreness, and the hyperaemia.ConclusionThe proposed intervention showed that the use of physical protection sunscreen after different microneedling procedures is safe.
Severe gag reflex during dental treatment associated with hiatus hernia: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Yuto , Ohshita Naohiro , Okamura Tomohiko , Momota Yoshihiro , Ono Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis report presents a case wherein severe gagging during dental treatment was linked to hiatus hernia.Methods and resultsA 22‐year‐old man with a severe gagging problem presented with a chief complaint of pain localized to the lower molars. Oral examination revealed inadequate plaque control, demineralization of the enamel surface on buccal–gingival margins of all teeth, and inflamed gingival tissue surrounding the coronal portion of both mandibular third molars; panoramic radiography revealed that they were horizontally impacted. As the patient reported experiencing vomiting and heartburn for the past two months, he was referred to the internal medicine department before scheduling surgical tooth extraction. Hiatus hernia and reflux esophagitis were diagnosed, and the severity of gagging was significantly reduced by modifying the patient's eating behavior and administering a proton pump inhibitor. Although intravenous sedation was still required for surgical extraction of the impacted third molars, preventive treatments, such as tooth cleaning and fluoride application, could be performed without the need for pharmacological intervention.ConclusionWhile gagging is often attributed to conditioning responses and iatrogenic factors, interdisciplinary consultation for successful management may facilitate the elucidation of local anatomical and systemic causes.
Change‐point analysis through integer‐valued autoregressive process with application to some COVID‐19 data
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhankar , Maiti Raju , Das Samarjit , Biswas Atanu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider the problem of change‐point analysis for the count time series data through an integer‐valued autoregressive process of order 1 (INAR(1)) with time‐varying covariates. These types of features we observe in many real‐life scenarios especially in the COVID‐19 data sets, where the number of active cases over time starts falling and then again increases. In order to capture those features, we use Poisson INAR(1) process with a time‐varying smoothing covariate. By using such model, we can model both the components in the active cases at time‐point t namely, (i) number of nonrecovery cases from the previous time‐point and (ii) number of new cases at time‐point t. We study some theoretical properties of the proposed model along with forecasting. Some simulation studies are performed to study the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, we analyze two COVID‐19 data sets and compare our proposed model with another PINAR(1) process which has time‐varying covariate but no change‐point, to demonstrate the overall performance of our proposed model.
Initial experience of bamlanivimab monotherapy use in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Kutzler Heather L. , Kuzaro Hillary A. , Serrano Oscar K. , Feingold Andrew , Morgan Glyn , Cheema Faiqa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe widespread transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continues to propagate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic with solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients being an exceptionally vulnerable population for poor outcomes. Treatments for COVID‐19 are limited; however, monoclonal antibodies are emerging as a potential therapeutic option to change the trajectory of high‐risk patients. This retrospective single center cohort study evaluated the outcomes of SOT recipients with mild to moderate COVID‐19 who received bamlanivimab monotherapy. Eighteen SOT recipients (15 kidney, 2 liver, and 1 heart) received the medication between November 9, 2020 and February 10, 2021 with no reported infusion reactions. One patient experienced headache and fatigue following the infusion that resolved within 3 days. Fourteen patients continued their recovery as an outpatient with no further escalation in care. Three patients required hospitalization: two for suspected bacterial pneumonia 9 and 32 days postinfusion, respectively, and one for acute kidney injury 7 days postinfusion. One patient had an emergency room visit for gastrointestinal symptoms 24 days postinfusion. In this small cohort of SOT recipients, bamlanivimab monotherapy appeared to be a well‐tolerated option for treatment of mild to moderate COVID‐19, but it was not completely effective in preventing hospitalization. One month following the end of this cohort, COVID‐19 treatment guidance changed due to the rising prevalence of resistant variants. For this reason, bamlanivimab is now recommended to be used only in combination with etesevimab. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of this therapy in SOT recipients.
Model of care, Noma Children’s Hospital, northwest Nigeria
Authors: Isah Shafi'u , Amirtharajah Mohana , Farley Elise , Semiyu Adetunji Adeniyi , Samuel Joseph , Oluyide Bukola , Bil Karla , Shoaib Muhammad , Abubakar Nura , de Jong Annette , Pereboom Monique , Lenglet Annick , Sherlock Mark 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe Nigerian Ministry of Health has been offering care for noma patients for many years at the Noma Children’s Hospital (NCH) in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria, and Médecins Sans Frontières has supported these initiatives since 2014. The comprehensive model of care consists of four main components: acute care, care for noma sequelae, integrated hospital‐based services and community‐based services. The model of care is based on the limited evidence available for prevention and treatment of noma and follows WHO’s protocols for acute patients and best practice guidelines for the surgical treatment of noma survivors. The model is updated continually as new evidence becomes available, including evidence generated through the operational research studies performed at NCH. By describing the model of care, we wish to share the lessons learned with other actors working in the noma and neglected tropical disease sphere in the hope of guiding programme development.
Diagnosis and surgical management of a retrobulbar abscess causing unilateral exophthalmos in a Boer goat
Authors: Fuchs Allison A. , Walker Kelsey E. , Adkins Pamela R.F. , Donnelly Kevin S. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old Boer goat wether presented for unilateral exophthalmos of 2‐ to 3‐week duration. Ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were utilized in the diagnosis of the patient's orbital disease and surgical planning. Exenteration was performed under the same general anesthetic event as CT. Cytology, culture, and histopathology were performed after exenteration. Cytology was consistent with a mixed bacterial infection. Culture confirmed the presence ofStreptococcusovis. Histopathology on the enucleated globe and mass revealed no evidence of tumor and confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar inflammation. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with severe chronic orbital pyogranuloma and fibrinosuppurative endophthalmitis confined to the subretinal space. The abscess recurred in the orbital space 2 weeks postoperatively; the orbit was explored. Repeat culture was consistent withS. ovis,Staphylococcusschleigerisubspeciescoagulans, andFusobacteriumnecrophorum. Complete resolution was obtained after drainage and lavage of the orbit. Abscess is cited as a cause of exophthalmos in small ruminants, but no individual case reports exist. Advanced imaging allowed presumptive diagnosis and surgical planning. Histopathology confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar disease.