bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairments of cerebral blood flow microcirculation in rats brought on by cardiac cessation and respiratory arrest
Authors: Piavchenko Gennadii , Kozlov Igor , Dremin Viktor , Stavtsev Dmitry , Seryogina Evgeniya , Kandurova Ksenia , Shupletsov Valery , Lapin Konstantin , Alekseyev Alexander , Kuznetsov Sergey , Bykov Alexander , Dunaev Andrey , Meglinski Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe impairments of cerebral blood flow microcirculation brought on by cardiac and respiratory arrest were assessed with multi‐modal diagnostic facilities, utilising laser speckle contrast imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results of laser speckle contrast imaging show a notable reduction of cerebral blood flow in small and medium size vessels during a few minutes of respiratory arrest, while the same effect was observed in large sinuses and their branches during the circulatory cessation. Concurrently, the redox ratio assessed with fluorescence spectroscopy indicates progressing hypoxia, NADH accumulation and increase of FAD consumption. The results of diffuse reflectance spectra measurements display a more rapid grow of the perfusion of deoxygenated blood in case of circulatory impairment. In addition, consequent histopathological analysis performed by using new tissue staining procedure developed in‐house. It shows notably higher reduction of size of the neurons due to their wrinkling within brain tissues influenced by circulation impair. Whereas, the brain tissues altered with the respiratory arrest demonstrate focal perivascular oedema and mild hypoxic changes of neuronal morphology. Thus, the study suggests that consequences of a cessation of cerebral blood flow become more dramatic and dangerous compare to respiratory arrest.
Metastasis associated long noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma: Biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors: Yadav Garima , Kulshreshtha Ritu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive, malignant, and therapeutically challenging Grade IV tumor of the brain. Although the possibility of distant metastasis is extremely rare, GBM is known to cause intracranial metastasis forming aggressive secondary lesions resulting in a dismal prognosis. Metastasis also plays an important role in tumor dissemination and recurrence making GBM largely incurable. Recent studies have indicated the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM metastasis. lncRNAs are a class of regulatory noncoding RNAs (>200 nt) that interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate various biological processes. This is the first comprehensive review summarizing the lncRNAs associated with GBM metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in migration/invasion. We also highlight the complex network of lncRNA/miRNA/protein that collaborate/compete to regulate metastasis‐associated genes. Many of these lncRNAs also show attractive potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we discuss various therapeutic strategies and potential applications of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
Long‐term sevoflurane exposure reduces the differentiation potential and hypoxia tolerance potential of neural stem cells
Authors: Gao Wenbo , Bai Yunxiao , Ma Xiaofang , Bian Xiyun , Xu Jingman , Xue Na , Yu Tian , Liu Xiaozhi , Bai Yaowu , Chu Dongmei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of prolonged sevoflurane (SEV) exposure on differentiation potential and hypoxia tolerance of neural stem cells (NSCs).Materials and methodsNSCs were extracted from 15‐day fetal mice. After sub‐culture, SEV exposure treatment was performed. Cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression and spatial distribution of Nestin, NSE, GFAP, Oct4, and SOX2; CCK‐8 detected cell viability. Cell growth morphology was observed under a microscope. TUNEL detected cell apoptosis; the concentration of extracel‐lular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by ELISA.ResultsCompared with the control group, the proportion of NSCs in the G2/M phase increased in the SEV exposure group; our results also suggested the sphere‐formation rate decreased significantly, increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability. Besides, the level of LDH release increased.ConclusionLong‐term exposure to SEV (>8 h) promoted the premature differentiation of NSCs and reduced their pluripotency, reserves, and hypoxia tolerance. This study reveals the reasons underlying damage to the nervous system of young children induced by long‐term exposure to SEV from the perspective of CNS reserve cells.
Microscopic characterization of petiole anatomy of Asteraceous taxa of Western Himalaya‐Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Anam , Ahmad Mushtaq , Mahmood Tariq , Khan Amir Muhammad , Arfan Muhammad , Abbas Qamar , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Batool Rabia , Fatima Anam , Khan Siraj , Aman Ullah Sher , Khan Amjad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPetiole anatomy of 15 species of family Asteraceae was examined which aimed to investigate petiolar anatomical structures for species level identification. Shandon Microtome was used for petiole histological preparations. Both qualitative and quantitative features were studied under microscope which showed significant variation in petiole, collenchyma, parenchyma shape/size, vascular bundles arrangement/size, and vessel elements quantity. Artemisia japonica Thunb., Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Myriactis nepalensis Less., Seriphidium brevifolium Ling & Y.R.Ling, Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg., and Xanthium strumarium L. showed winged petioles. Maximum length and width of upper and lower epidermis was found in Tagetes erecta L. which is 23.05 ± 0.89 μm, 24.9 ± 1.257 μm length and 21.75 ± 1.38067 μm, 22.75 ± 0.467 μm width, respectively. Petioles of Parthenium hysterophorus L. was longest one with 9.85 ± 10.45 μm while A. japonica Thunb. showed highest number of vessel elements. Maximum size of vascular bundles was found in T. erecta L. with 5.05 ± 14.25 μm. Artemisia annua L., C. vulgare (Savi) Ten, Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob., Helianthus annus L., M. nepalensis Less., P. hysterophorus L., Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. have trichomes while Tussilago farfara L. has highest number of vascular bundles. All species have angular collenchyma type except M. nepalensis Less., P. hysterophorus L., S. brevifolium Ling & Y.R.Ling, Tagetes minuta L., T. officinale L., S. chrysanthemoides DC., and T. farfara L. Cluster analysis implemented that distinct plant species in cluster. Petiolar anatomical structures and taxonomic key will helpful for distinguishing Asteraceous taxa at genus and species level. This taxonomic significant investigation will also provide baseline to taxonomists for other Asteraceae studies and phylogenetic research.
Phenotype and genotype of 197 British patients with McArdle disease: An observational single‐centre study
Authors: Pizzamiglio Chiara , Mahroo Omar A. , Khan Kamron N. , Patasin Maria , Quinlivan Rosaline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMcArdle disease is caused by recessive mutations in PYGM gene. The condition is considered to cause a “pure” muscle phenotype with symptoms including exercise intolerance, inability to perform isometric activities, contracture, and acute rhabdomyolysis leading to acute renal failure. This is a retrospective observational study aiming to describe phenotypic and genotypic features of a large cohort of patients with McArdle disease between 2011 and 2019. Data relating to genotype and phenotype, including frequency of rhabdomyolysis, fixed muscle weakness, gout and comorbidities, inclusive of retinal disease (pattern retinal dystrophy) and thyroid disease, were collected. Data from 197 patients are presented. Seven previously unpublished PYGM mutations are described. Exercise intolerance (100%) and episodic rhabdomyolysis (75.6%) were the most common symptoms. Fixed muscle weakness was present in 82 (41.6%) subjects. Unexpectedly, ptosis was observed in 28 patients (14.2%). Hyperuricaemia was a common finding present in 88 subjects (44.7%), complicated by gout in 25% of cases. Thyroid dysfunction was described in 30 subjects (15.2%), and in 3 cases, papillary thyroid cancer was observed. Pattern retinal dystrophy was detected in 15 out of the 41 subjects that underwent an ophthalmic assessment (36.6%). In addition to fixed muscle weakness, ptosis was a relatively common finding. Surprisingly, dysfunction of thyroid and retinal abnormalities were relatively frequent comorbidities. Further studies are needed to better clarify this association, although our finding may have important implication for patient management.
The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma
Authors: Alsaadi Nijmeh , Srinivasan Amudan J , Seshadri Anupamaa , Shiel Matthew , Neal Matthew D , Scott Melanie J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTraumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in treatments. Most deaths occur either very early, through massive head trauma/CNS injury or exsanguination (despite advances in transfusion medicine), or later after injury often through multiple organ failure and secondary infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to increase in the circulation after trauma and have been used to limited extent as diagnostic and prognostic markers. More intriguingly, EVs are now being investigated as both causes of pathologies post trauma, such as trauma-induced coagulopathy, and as potential treatments. In this review, we highlight what is currently known about the role and effects of EVs in various aspects of trauma, as well as exploring current literature from investigators who have begun to use EVs therapeutically to alter the physiology and pathology of traumatic insults. The potential effectiveness of using EVs therapeutically in trauma is supported by a large number of experimental studies, but there is still some way to go before we understand the complex effects of EVs in what is already a complex disease process.
One‐step leapfrog alternating direction implicit procedure for left‐handed material in open region problems with enhanced absorption
Authors: Wu Shihong , Su Feng , Liu Lining , Dong Yunyun , Chen Xiangguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy incorporating higher order formulation and one‐step leapfrog alternating direction implicit (ADI) procedure, unconditionally stable perfectly matched layer implementation is proposed for terminating frequency‐dependent left‐handed material in finite‐difference time‐domain lattice. To be more specific, frequency‐dependent left‐handed material can be calculated by the piecewise linear recursive convolution method. The proposed scheme shows advantages of higher order formulation and one‐step leapfrog ADI procedure in terms of enhancing absorbing performance, improving computational efficiency and simulating open region problems. The effectiveness is demonstrated through the computational domain with dipole antenna model above the left‐handed material slab. From results, it can be concluded that the proposed formulation can obtain considerable absorption, outstanding efficiency, and improved entire performance. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme also keeps its stability when time step far exceeds the Courant‐Friedrich‐Levy condition.
Depth‐dependent strain distribution in AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes using surface‐plasmon‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Jung Gunwoo , Kim Kyuheon , Kim Jaesun , Sung Yujin , Kang Jae‐Sang , Moon Youngboo , Lim Seung‐Young , Song Jung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEx situ depth‐dependent strain distribution in AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) was investigated through surface‐plasmon‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy with an optimally truncated structure. In this study, the strain was selectively analyzed by an ex situ method as a function of the distance from the sapphire substrate followed by AlN relaxation layers. Experimental results for DUV LEDs with a complex structure showed that the strain was non‐uniformly distributed with the thickness and that the compressive strain tended to gradually decrease when the AlGaN layer or the AlN relaxation layer was grown from the substrate. We quantitatively determined the subtle changes in the additional strain caused by the lattice mismatch between the underlying layers subjected to the residual compressive strain.
Trophic mediation and ecosystem stability: An assessment using qualitative network models
Authors: Ward Delphi F. L. , Melbourne‐Thomas Jessica , Johnson Craig R. , Wotherspoon Simon J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNontrophic interactions can contribute to negative and positive feedbacks within a community, thus affecting likelihood of regime shifts; however, assessing the nature and importance of these effects in a network remains challenging, especially for pelagic ecosystems. Here, we present a qualitative modeling approach for assessing the importance of different effects and resultant feedbacks for community stability, using a Southern Ocean example. A potentially important positive feedback in the Southern Ocean ecosystem involves production of a chemical cue, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), by some phytoplankton. Production of DMS can promote phytoplankton growth by attracting predators of phytoplankton‐grazers, and nutrients released as feces from those predators help fertilize the water column. We explored how uncertainties in the nature of this feedback affect community stability in a set of small, community models. We found that stability varied substantially depending on how the community was modeled, but that the interactions most important for determining stability were consistent across all models. Model stability was sensitive to the strength of phytoplankton competition, controls on phytoplankton, DMS production and release, and predator attraction to DMS, suggesting that the community could be destabilized by perturbation affecting these interactions. Incorporating DMS‐mediated feedbacks into a larger Southern Ocean network had a moderate impact on stability characteristics and altered the trophic level at which the system would be most vulnerable to perturbation.
HOW SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE THRIVE IN A HYPER‐CONNECTED WORLD
Authors: Cross Rob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe author contends that with the explosion of workplace collaboration, the benefits have been accompanied by “significantly less time for focused individual work, thoughtful reflection and sound decision‐making.” This leads to stress, burnout, and unhappy organizations. “Network analysis,” he says, “enables leaders to map patterns of collaboration and information flow between people within their organizations. It provides a way of both visualizing group connectivity and quantitatively profiling network dimensions that relate to individual performance and well‐being.” His research reveals that part of what causes these problems can be the beliefs executives hold about collaboration and being more productive and helpful to others. These beliefs included, in the author’s words: (1) Identity and reputation triggers such as too great a desire to help, sense of fulfillment from accomplishment, desire to be influential or recognized for expertise, concern about being labeled a poor performer, teammate, or leader and need to be right and (2) anxiety and need for control triggers such as fear of losing control, need for closure, discomfort with ambiguity, and FOMO/Fear of Missing Out. He concludes with a checklist for effectiveness, including more streamlined emails and efficient use of email norms, and holding structured meetings focused on desired outcomes.
Synthesis of a Diapocynin Prodrug for Its Prolonged Release from Zwitterionic Biodegradable Nanoparticles
Authors: Auriemma Renato , Sponchioni Mattia , Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Manfredini Nicolò , Razavi Dinani Fatemeh Sadat , Moscatelli Davide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractToday, neurodegenerative diseases are affecting more and more individuals. A typical therapeutic target to treat the progression of the symptoms related to these diseases is the proinflammatory microglia. Diapocynin, the dimeric version of apocynin, is often the drug of choice. However, suitable carriers for its controlled delivery are currently lacking in the clinics. In fact, its high hydrophilicity hampers the development of a formulation enabling its sustained release in a biological environment. In this work, the possibility of modifying diapocynin is explored in order to synthesize a prodrug that can be chemically incorporated into biodegradable zwitterionic polymer nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are synthesized via combination of ring opening polymerization and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, allowing the incorporation of the desired number of diapocynin units into the carrier and thus to set the drug dosage a priori. The chemical binding of diapocynin avoids its premature release compared to its physical loading inside similar nanovectors. With this strategy, sustained diapocynin release can be achieved for more than 9 days, thus paving the way to a therapy with low number of repeated administrations.
Strain Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity for Wearable Electronics Using an Over‐Balanced Planar Elastomer
Authors: Nie Meng , Wen Lei , Chen Shuning , Ai Lu , Shen Jingcheng , Zhao Yu‐na , Yin Kuibo , Dou Guangbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlexible sensor technologies have gained extensive interest in recent years owing to the increasing demands of wearable electronics. Here, the authors propose a flexible strain sensor with enhanced sensitivity by designing a new sensing approach for strain detection. The sensing approach uses an over‐balanced planar elastomer (OBPE) inspired by Kirigami‐like auxetic structure for stretchable sensing. The OBPE substrate is designed and fabricated with four polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) supporting beam embedded into Ecoflex elastomer to realize auxetic characteristics. The auxetic characteristics induce the sensing region of the sensor to expand in directions both along and orthogonally to the stretch loading. Consequently, the local disconnections of the electrically linked paths composed of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the sensing region are enhanced. Gauge factor of the OBPE strain sensor is improved up to 6 times higher than the typical strain sensor without OBPE architecture. Therefore, the enhanced sensor outputs the stronger electrical signals than the typical sensor in perceiving human motions. Moreover, the two‐step casting fabrication is a low‐cost process and suitable for large volume manufacturing. In addition, as this sensing method is independent of the constituent conductive materials, it has the potential to be further employed for developing other stretchable strain sensors.
Adaptive critic optimization to decentralized event‐triggered control of continuous‐time nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Huo Yu , Wang Ding , Qiao Junfei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a decentralized event‐triggered control (ETC) strategy is developed for nonlinear large‐scale systems subjects to matched interconnections. First, the large‐scale interconnected systems are transformed to several nominal isolated subsystems. Then, the optimal control problem of nominal isolated subsystems is solved via an event‐triggered method based on adaptive critic learning. Note that the ETC scheme is adopted to reduce the computational burden and communication resources. Moreover, a single network adaptive critic structure is constructed to approximate the optimal cost and the control policy. By employing a stabilizing term in the weight updating law of the critic neural network, there is no requirement for adopting initial admissible control in the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we use the Lyapunov method to demonstrate that estimated weight vectors used in the critic networks are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, we provide an example to validate the proposed decentralized event‐triggered control strategy.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/heteropolyacid nanocomposites as new materials for radiochromic dosimetry in radiation processing
Authors: Tretinnikov Oleg N. , Sushko Natalya I. , Protosovskaya Anastasia V. , Radkevich Artsiom V. , Pavalanski Eryk I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadiochromic films composed of polymer matrices and organic dyes are widely used for routine dosimetry purposes in operation of various radiation facilities—gamma and X‐ray‐irradiation, electron accelerators, and so on. However, the sensitivity of these films rapidly decreases at doses exceeding 30–50 kGy due to a saturation of their optical response, making them unsuitable for accurate dosimetry in radiation processing of polymers and composites where doses up to 200 kGy are typically employed. To overcome this limitation, the use of inorganic substances as the coloring agents of polymer‐based radiochromic films was proposed in this paper, specifically, heteropolyacidacid H3PW12O40 (tungstophosphoric acid) in the matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Nanocomposite PVA/H3PW12O40 films were prepared by solution casting and their optical responses toward 60Co gamma radiation and beams of 6 MeV electrons for a dose range of 10–200 kGy were investigated. It was established that upon exposure to gamma rays and electron beams, the films turn blue and a broad absorption band at 750 nm appears in their spectra. Importantly, the radiation‐induced optical absorption increases in a linear fashion up to the dose of 150 kGy and only slightly deviates from linearity at 200 kGy. Moreover, it was found that the PVA/H3PW12O40 films have a long shelf life, are dose‐rate independent within a wide range, and color‐stable after irradiation. All these features make the nanocomposite PVA/H3PW12O40 films promising for use as routine dosimeters and dose labels in a much wider range of high doses as compared to radiochromic films based on organic dyes.
Characterization of κ‐carrageenan/methylcellulose/cellulose nanocrystal hydrogels for 3D bioprinting
Authors: Boonlai Wannisa , Tantishaiyakul Vimon , Hirun Namon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBioinks composed of various concentrations of κ‐carrageenan (KC) and methylcellulose (MC) were investigated for extrusion‐based bioprinting. The physical property of the 0.3% w/w KC/7% w/w MC (0.3KC/7MC) hydrogel was successfully enhanced using ionic crosslinking with 0.1% w/w KCl (0.1KCl). Furthermore, various concentrations of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were incorporated into the 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl hydrogel to increase its mechanical performance. Shear thinning and thixotropic properties are important for extrusion‐based bioprinting. The presence of 2% w/w CNC (2CNC) and 4% w/w CNC (4CNC) in the hydrogels (0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/2CNC and 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/4CNC) led to good thixotropic behavior. In addition, increasing CNC concentrations showed greater shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/4CNC exhibited better printability than 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/2CNC. The compressive mechanical property was significantly higher in the presence of CNC with compressive stress at 30% strain for 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl, 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/2CNC and 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/4CNC of 6.43 ± 0.41, 20.03 ± 0.02 and 23.28 ± 0.01 kPa, respectively. A good cell viability (>90%) was obtained for the 3D bioprinted 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/2CNC and 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/4CNC constructs. The novel 0.3KC/7MC/0.1KCl/4CNC hydrogel showed good attributes for a promising 3D bioprinting material. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.