bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient/Family Involvement Leads to Successful Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Arthroplasties
Authors: James Bonnie , Odicio Nilsy , Baldwin Kathleen M. , Johnson Tracey 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:
Based on feedback from some of our orthopaedic surgeons and data on readmissions, our orthopaedic hospital implemented two initiatives aimed at improving outcomes following lower extremity arthroplasty (LEA). The first was the education for family/significant others of LEA patients and the other the provision of phone-based follow-up and monitoring postdischarge. As such, study objectives were as follows:

THE APPROACH:
A discharge education nurse provided daily education classes to families/significant others of LEA patients; these classes were provided on the morning of the patient's planned discharge. In addition, a discharge education nurse made follow-up phone calls at 1 and 5 weeks postdischarge to ask about compliance to discharge instructions and provide additional support as needed.

METHODS:
The sample comprised 122 total arthroscopy subjects admitted in 2018: 42 had hip replacements, 80 had knee replacements. A nonsignificant Pearson rho showed patients continued to follow instructions. Linear forecasting showed a small positive effect on selected Press Ganey questions.

CONCLUSION:
Based on our findings, we conclude that family/significant other discharge education improved compliance with discharge instruction.
Role of new antibiotics in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-, AmpC- infections
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Castaldo Nadia , Russo Alessandro , Vena Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)- and ampicillinase class C (AmpC)-producing Enterobacterales represent one of the major public threats of the current era. As a consequence, during the last decades there have been great efforts to develop new therapeutic agents against these microorganisms. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical features associated with novel antibiotics with activity against ESBL- and AmpC-producing isolates.

Recent findings
There a number of therapeutic agents with activity against ESBL and AmpC than have been introduced and approved over the past few years. Ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam are both carbapenem sparing agents that appear interesting alternatives for treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. Other new β-lactams/ β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g. cefepime-enmetazobactam; ceftaroline fosamil-avibactam; aztreonam-avibactam and cefepime-zidebactam) as well as eravacycline, omadacycline, and plazomicin are also promising agents for treatment of ESBL- and AmpC- infections, but further clinical data are needed to establish their efficacy in comparison to carbapenems. The role of carbapenems/ β-lactamase inhibitors remains to be clarified.

Summary
New therapeutic agents against ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales have distinctive specificities and limitations that require further investigations. Future randomized clinical trials are required to define the best strategy for their use in patients with serious infections due to ESBL- and/or AmpC- infections.
Radiopaque Fiducials Guiding Laparoscopic Resection of Liver Tumors
Authors: Falkenberg Mårten , Rizell Magnus , Sternby Eilard Malin , Regensburger Alois , Razazzian Roya , Kvarnström Niclas 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Minimal invasive laparoscopic resection of liver tumors is less traumatic compared with open surgical resection and may be a better option for many patients. However, localization of intrahepatic tumors remains a challenge. Availability of hybrid operating rooms, equipped for high performance radiologic imaging, allows for new methods of surgical navigation.

Methods:
Twelve patients planned for laparoscopic resection of liver tumors were included. Before resection started, tumors were marked with radiopaque fiducials. Four fiducials were positioned with ultrasound within 1 cm of the tumor. Tumor and fiducials were localized with contrast enhanced cone beam computed tomography. Fluoroscopy with an overlay of cone beam computed tomography markings was projected side-by-side on the same screen as the laparoscopic view to visualize tumor location. The fiducials were eventually removed. Laparoscopic ultrasound, the standard method of localizing a tumor, was also used. The benefits of the 2 visualization methods were estimated by the operator. Procedure times, radiation doses and resection margins were recorded.

Results:
Fluoroscopy with radiopaque fiducials provided valuable information, complementing the laparoscopic ultrasound, particularly during the early phase of resection. In the later phase, mobilization of the tumor-containing liver segment caused significant displacement of the fluoroscopic overlay. The technique evolved during course of the study, with decreasing procedure times and radiation doses. Radical resection was achieved for all patients.

Conclusions:
Radiopaque fiducials and fluoroscopy can complement laparoscopic ultrasound for guiding resection of liver tumors. Combining radiologic and optical imaging in a hybrid operating suit may facilitate development of augmented reality techniques for surgical navigation.
Aquabacterium soli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil under the long-term application of bifenthrin
Authors: Sun Lina , Chen Wei , Huang Kaihua , Lyu Weiguang , Gao Xinhua 
Published: September 2021

Strain SJQ9T, an aerobic bacterium isolated from a soil sample collected in Shanghai, PR China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. It grew optimally at pH 7.0, 30–35 °C and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJQ9T fell within the genus

Aquabacterium

. The closest phylogenetic relatives of strain SJQ9T were

Aquabacterium citratiphilum

DSM 11900T (98.6 % sequence similarity) and

Aquabacterium commune

DSM 11901T (96.4 %). Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and positive for oxidase activity and negative for catalase. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain SJQ9T were consistent with those of the genus

Aquabacterium

: the major fatty acid was summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c and/or C16 : 1
ω7c). The isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Strain SH9T exhibited a DNA–DNA relatedness level of 34±2 % with

A. citratiphilum

DSM 11900T and 28±3 % with

A. commune

DSM 11901T. Based on the obtained data, strain SJQ9T represents a novel species of the genus

Aquabacterium

, for which the name Aquabacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SJQ9T (=JCM 33106T=CCTCC AB 2018284T).
First trimester gut microbiome induces Inflammation-dependent gestational diabetes phenotype in mice
Authors: Pinto Yishay , Frishman Sigal , Turjeman Sondra , Eshel Adi , Nuriel-Ohayon Meital , Ziv Oren , Walters William , Parsonnet Julie , Ley Catherine , Johnson Elizabeth L. , Schweitzer Ron , Khatib Soliman , Magzal Faiga , Tamir Snait , Gavish Kinneret Tenenbaum , Rautava Samuli , Salminen Seppo , Isolauri Erika , Yariv Or , Peled Yoav , Poran Eran , Pardo Joseph , Chen Rony , Hod Moshe , Ley Ruth E. , Schwartz Betty , Hadar Eran , Louzoun Yoram , Koren Omry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which non-diabetic women are diagnosed with glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically in the second trimester. GDM can lead to a wide range of obstetrical and metabolic complications for both mother and neonate1. Early identification of GDM risk, along with a better understanding of its pathophysiology during the first trimester of pregnancy, may be effective in reducing GDM incidence, as well as its associated short and long term morbidities2. Here, we comprehensively profiled the gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition and clinical records of 394 women during the first trimester of pregnancy. We found elevated levels of proinflammatory serum cytokines in those who later developed GDM. The women’s stool samples were also characterized by decreased levels of several fecal short-chain fatty acids and altered microbiome. We next tested the hypothesis that differences in GDM-associated microbial composition during the first trimester drove inflammation and insulin-resistance. Stool samples collected early in pregnancy from women from three populations who did and did not later develop GDM were transplanted to germ-free mice and confirmed that both inflammation and insulin-resistance are induced by the microbiome of pregnant women more than 10 weeks prior to GDM diagnosis. Following these observations, we used a machine-learning approach to predict GDM based on first trimester clinical, microbial and inflammatory markers. Our model showed high predictive accuracy. Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiome of women in the first trimester plays a remarkable role in inflammation-induced GDM pathogenesis and point to dozens of GDM markers during the first trimester of pregnancy, some of which may be targets for therapeutic intervention.
Global Burden of Covid-19 Restrictions: National, Regional and Global Estimates
Authors: Fink Günther , Tediosi Fabrizio , Felder Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA large literature has documented the high global mortality and mental health burden associated with the current Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we combine newly collected data on subjective reductions in the quality of life with the latest data on Covid-19 restrictions to quantify the total number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to government imposed restrictions globally. Our estimates suggest a total loss of 2980 (95% 2764, 3198) million QALYs as of September 6th 2021, with the highest burden absolute burden in lower and upper middle income countries. QALY losses appear to be particularly large for closures of schools and daycares as well as restaurants and bars, and seem relatively small for wearing masks in public and closure of fitness facilities.
Prediction of long-term kinetics of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody and time-varying vaccine-specific efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant by clinical endpoint
Authors: Chen Xinhua , Wang Wei , Chen Xinghui , Wu Qianhui , Sun Ruijia , Ge Shijia , Zheng Nan , Lu Wanying , Yang Juan , Rodewald Lance , Yu Hongjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvidence on vaccine-specific protection over time and boosting impact against the Delta variant across different clinical endpoints and age groups is urgently needed. To address this, we used a previously published model, combined with neutralization data for four vaccines - mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, NVX-CoV2373, and CoronaVac - to evaluate long-term dynamics of neutralizing antibody and to predict time-varying efficacy against the Delta variant by specific vaccine, age group, and clinical severity. We found that booster vaccination produces higher neutralization titers compared with titers observed following primary-series vaccination for all vaccines studied. We estimate the efficacies of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 against Delta variant infection to be 63.5% (95%CI: 51.4-67.3%) and 78.4% (95%CI: 72.2-83.5%), respectively, 14-30 days after the second dose, and that efficacies decreased to 36.0% (95%CI: 24.1-58.0%) and 38.5% (95%CI: 28.7-49.1%) 6-8 months later. After administration of booster doses, efficacies against the Delta variant would be 97.0% (95%CI: 96.4-98.5%) and 97.2% (95.7-98.1%). All four vaccines are predicted to provide good protection against severe illness from the Delta variant after both primary and booster vaccination. Long-term monitoring and surveillance of antibody dynamics and vaccine protection, as well as further validation of neutralizing antibody or other markers that can serve as correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants are needed to inform COVID-19 pandemic preparedness.
Rapid replacement of the Beta variant by the Delta variant in South Africa
Authors: Tegally Houriiyah , Wilkinson Eduan , Althaus Christian L. , Giovanetti Marta , San James Emmanuel , Giandhari Jennifer , Pillay Sureshnee , Naidoo Yeshnee , Ramphal Upasana , Msomi Nokukhanya , Mlisana Koleka , Amoako Daniel G. , Everatt Josie , Mohale Thabo , Nguni Anele , Mahlangu Boitshoko , Ntuli Noxolo , Khumalo Zamantungwa T. , Makatini Zinhle , Wolter Nicole , Scheepers Cathrine , Ismail Arshad , Doolabh Deelan , Joseph Rageema , Strydom Amy , Mendes Adriano , Davis Michaela , Mayaphi Simnikiwe H. , Ramphal Yajna , Maharaj Arisha , Karim Wasim Abdool , Tshiabuila Derek , Anyaneji Ugochukwu J. , Singh Lavanya , Engelbrecht Susan , Fonseca Vagner , Marais Kruger , Korsman Stephen , Hardie Diana , Hsiao Nei-yuan , Maponga Tongai , van Zyl Gert , Marais Gert , Iranzadeh Arash , Martin Darren , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Bester Phillip Armand , Nyaga Martin M. , Subramoney Kathleen , Treurnicht Florette K. , Venter Marietjie , Goedhals Dominique , Preiser Wolfgang , Bhiman Jinal N. , Gottberg Anne von , Williamson Carolyn , Lessells Richard J. , de Oliveira Tulio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Beta variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in South Africa in late 2020 and rapidly became the dominant variant, causing over 95% of infections in the country during and after the second epidemic wave. Here we show rapid replacement of the Beta variant by the Delta variant, a highly transmissible variant of concern (VOC) that emerged in India and subsequently spread around the world. The Delta variant was imported to South Africa primarily from India, spread rapidly in large monophyletic clusters to all provinces, and became dominant within three months of introduction. This was associated with a resurgence in community transmission, leading to a third wave which was associated with a high number of deaths. We estimated a growth advantage for the Delta variant in South Africa of 0.089 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.084-0.093) per day which corresponds to a transmission advantage of 46% (95% CI 44-48) compared to the Beta variant. These data provide additional support for the increased transmissibility of the Delta variant relative to other VOC and highlight how dynamic shifts in the distribution of variants contribute to the ongoing public health threat.
Diagnostic Yield of Screening for SARS-CoV-2 among Patients Admitted for Alternate Diagnoses
Authors: Davis Phil , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Hau Jeffrey P , Cheng Ivy , McRae Andrew D. , Daoust Raoul , Lang Eddy , Turner Joel , Khangura Jaspreet , Fok Patrick T. , Stachura Maja , Brar Baljeet , Hohl Corinne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic yield of screening patients for SARS-CoV-2 who were admitted with a diagnosis unrelated to COVID-19, and identify risk factors for positive tests.DesignCohort from the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN) registrySetting30 acute care hospitals across CanadaParticipantsPatients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 related diagnoses who were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between March 1, and December 29, 2020Main outcomePositive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for SARS-CoV-2Outcome measureDiagnostic yieldResultsWe enrolled 15,690 consecutive eligible adults who were admitted to hospital without clinically suspected COVID-19. Among these patients, 122 tested positive for COVID-19, resulting in a diagnostic yield of 0.8% (95% CI 0.64% – 0.92%). Factors associated with a positive test included presence of a fever, being a healthcare worker, having a positive household contact or institutional exposure, and living in an area with higher 7-day average incident COVID-19 cases.ConclusionsUniversal screening of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 across two pandemic waves had a low diagnostic yield and should be informed by individual-level risk assessment in addition to regional COVID-19 prevalence.Trial registrationNCT04702945SUMMARY BOXESSection 1: Universal screening of admitted patients for SARS-CoV-2 was implemented in many hospitals at the beginning of the pandemic. The Infections Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommended avoiding universal screening of asymptomatic hospitalized patients in areas and times of low-COVID prevalence (defined as <2% prevalence) with very low certainty of evidence, based on studies of COVID-19 prevalence among asymptomatic individuals in the community.Section 2: This study supports IDSA recommendations to avoid universal screening for COVID-19 in times and areas of low COVID prevalence and identifies patient-level risk factors strongly associated with positive testing that should be considered for screening.
Perilipin-1 autoantibodies linked to idiopathic lipodystrophy in the setting of two distinct breaks in immune tolerance
Authors: Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Vazquez Sara E. , Liverman Christopher , Cheng Mickie , Quandt Zoe , Kung Andrew F. , Miao Brenda , Disse Emmanuel , Cugnet-Anceau Christine , Dalle Stéphane , Orlova Elizaveta , Frolova Elena , Oftedal Bergithe E. , Lionakis Michail S. , Husebye Eystein S. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Anderson Mark S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcquired lipodystrophy is often characterized as an idiopathic subtype of lipodystrophy. Despite suspicion of an immune-mediated pathology, biomarkers such as autoantibodies are generally lacking.MethodsHere, we used an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach to identify autoantibodies to the adipocyte specific lipid droplet protein Perilipin-1 in a murine model of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome 1 (APS1). We then tested for PLIN1 autoantibodies in human subjects with lipodystrophy with two independent severe breaks in immune tolerance (including APS1) along with controls using a specific Radioligand Binding Assay and indirect immunofluorescence on fat tissue.ResultsWe identified autoantibodies to the lipid-droplet protein Perilipin-1 (PLIN1) in two human case reports including the first reported case of human APS1 with acquired lipodystrophy. Further, we extend PLIN1 autoantibodies to a second non-APS1 patient who acquired lipodystrophy as an immune-related adverse event following cancer immunotherapy.ConclusionThese data suggest that PLIN1 autoantibodies may represent a unifying marker of autoimmune lipodystrophy.
N-acetyl-L-leucine improves symptoms and functioning in GM2 Gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs & Sandhoff)
Authors: Martakis Kyriakos , Claassen Jens , Gascon-Bayarri Jordi , Goldschagg Nicolina , Hahn Andreas , Hassan Anhar , Hennig Anita , Jones Simon A. , Lau Heather , Perlman Susan , Sharma Reena , Schneider Susanne A. , Bremova-Ertl Tatiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveGM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases) are rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorders with no available symptomatic or disease modifying treatments. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of N-acetyl-L-leucine (NALL) on symptoms of pediatric (≥ 6 years) and adult patients with GM2 gangliosidosis.Methods\We conducted an 8-center, multi-national, open-label, rater-blinded Phase IIb study (IB1001-201). Patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidosis were assessed during a baseline period, a 6-week treatment period (orally administered NALL 4 g/day in patients ≥13 years, weight-tiered doses for patients 6-12 years), and a 6-week post-treatment washout period. The primary Clinical Impression of Change in Severity (CI-CS) endpoint (based on a 7-point Likert scale) was assessed by blinded, centralized raters who compared randomized video pairs of each patient performing a pre-defined primary anchor test (8-Meter Walk Test or 9-Hole Peg Test) during each study periods. Secondary outcomes included cerebellar rating scales (namely Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia), clinical global impression, and quality of life assessments.Results30 patients aged 6 to 55 years with a confirmed diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff’s disease) were enrolled. 29 patients were included in the primary modified intention-to-treat analysis. NALL met the CI-CS primary endpoint (mean difference 0.71, SD=2.09, 90% CI 0.00, 1.50, p=0.044), as well as secondary endpoints. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionsThis study showed NALL led to a statistically significant improvement in symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in patients with GM2 gangliosidosis. It is a safe, well-tolerated, easily administered oral therapy, therefore offering a favorable risk/benefit profile for this serious, debilitating disorder. NALL is a new therapeutic option for the treatment of this rare disease that has no other approved therapies worldwide.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class IV evidence NALL is safe, well-tolerated, and improves neurological symptoms and quality of life in patients with GM2 gangliosidosis.Trial Registration InformationThe trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03759665; registered 30-Nov-2018), EudraCT (2018-004406-25), and DRKS (DRKS00017539). The first patient was enrolled 07-June-2019.
Quality control and removal of technical variation of NMR metabolic biomarker data in ∼120,000 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ritchie Scott C. , Surendran Praveen , Karthikeyan Savita , Lambert Samuel A. , Bolton Thomas , Pennells Lisa , Danesh John , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Butterworth Adam S. , Inouye Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolic biomarker data quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has recently become available in UK Biobank. Here, we describe procedures for quality control and removal of technical variation for this biomarker data, comprising 249 circulating metabolites, lipids, and lipoprotein sub-fractions on approximately 121,000 participants. We identify and characterise technical and biological factors associated with individual biomarkers and find that linear effects on individual biomarkers can combine in a non-linear fashion for 61 composite biomarkers and 81 biomarker ratios. We create an R package, ukbnmr, for extracting and normalising the metabolic biomarker data, then use ukbnmr to remove unwanted variation from the UK Biobank data. We make available code for re-deriving the 61 composite biomarkers and 81 ratios, and for further derivation of 76 additional biomarker ratios of potential biological significance. Finally, we demonstrate that removal of technical variation leads to increased signal for genetic and epidemiological studies of the NMR metabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank.