bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti Ulceration Efficacy of Boiled Aqueous Leaf Extract of Morinda lucida on Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulceration Rats
Authors: Amadi Nkiruka Millicent , Achukwu Peter Uwadiegwu , Onwukwe S. O. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Anoh Nonyelum V. , Okpokwu Victoria I. 
Published: October 2021

Stomach ulceration study was carried on 25 groups (5 rats each of the groups), groups (E, E1, E2, , E3 and EC, placed on 24 hours fasting before the single dose of intra peritoneal dose administration of 5ml/kg body weight of 99% ethanol and after one hour, received daily extract of dilution doses of ((500, 1000, 1500) mg /kg) body weight and 100 mg /kg body weight cimentidine (standard drug) respectively for 7 days. Groups (EA1, EA2, , EA3 and EAC, ) were treated with the same extract doses and drug concentration for 7 days before the dose ethanol administration. Group Eand 0 served as a positive control and a negative control respectively. On day 9, target organs; stomach and intestines were harvested under anaesthetize weighed, gross macroscopically and histomorphological studied. Result of the study showed plant inhibition on ethanol induced gastric ulceration; the standard drug (cemetidine) and the mapped extract doses of ((500, 1000, 1500) mg /kg) body weight respectively showed normal organ architecture. Ulcer index study activities 70% indicating evidence of curative and preventive index range 35 to 43% showed some inhibition as seen on the gastric mucosa of the treated group. It was observed that the treatment and anti- ulceration effect of boiled aqueous leaf extract metabolites showed reduction on the histomorphological changes in the gastric mucosa and provided inhibition effectiveness of ethanol induced injury.
Overview on Cardiac Cirrhosis and Congestive Hepatopathy - A Review
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Almujil Sarah Jamal , Banheem Ahmed Saeed S. , Alsuhaymi Nasser Naif , Alhelali Mansour Hemaid , Aldukhi Dhiyaa Hassan A. , Alsaedi Khalil Rafed B. , Al-Wagdani Naif Mohammed , Almadi Ebtesam Ali S. , Aladhadh Khalid Mohammed A. , AlAjmi Fahad A. M. R. H. 
Published: October 2021

Cardiac cirrhosis (congestive hepatopathy) refers to a group of hepatic abnormalities that develop as a result of right-sided heart failure. Cirrhosis of the liver can be induced by any right-sided pathology that leads to right-sided heart failure, which leads to increased venous congestion and pressure in the hepatic sinusoids. Because cardiac cirrhosis might be asymptomatic or diagnosed incorrectly due to other types of liver disease, determining its prevalence is difficult. The underlying heart disease, rather than the hepatic congestion and damage, is usually the cause of death in cardiac cirrhosis. The control of the underlying cardiac disease, as well as the optimization of cardiac output, are the mainstays of congestive hepatopathy treatment. Diuresis can help with hepatic congestion, but it must be used with caution to avoid causing hepatic ischemia. Hemodynamic therapy may be able to reverse the early stages of congestive hepatitis. The widespread use of heart transplantation (HT) and considerable breakthroughs in medical and surgical treatments have drastically altered the profile of CH patients. In this overview we will be looking at the disease cause, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Orientação sexual e cirurgia de redesignação: a passabilidade e a manutenção de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais em mulheres trans
Authors: Pascio Monteiro Frida , Porchat Patrícia 
Published: October 2021

O artigo problematiza duas categorias – mulheres heterossexuais e mulheres não-transgenitalizadas – utilizadas para selecionar entrevistadas para a pesquisa ‘Vivências afetivo-sexuais de mulheres travestis e transexuais’. Discute-se as noções de sexo biológico, orientação sexual e identidade de gênero e de quais pressupostos partimos para definir a orientação sexual de pessoas trans. Também se discute a necessidade da cirurgia de redesignação sexual para diferenciar mulheres travestis de mulheres transexuais. A pesquisa inclui uma abordagem abordagem autoetnográfica, em virtude de uma das autoras ser uma mulher transexual heterossexual e não-transgenitalizada (à época da escrita do artigo). A passabilidade surge como referência primordial para a manutenção de uma legitimidade estética da transição e como fator minimizante das violências e transfobia vivenciadas. Por fim, analisa-se como esses elementos (orientação sexual, cirurgia de redesignação sexual e passabilidade) ajudam a manter os relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais que essas mulheres vivenciam.
Han Feizi
Authors: Poli Maddalena 
Published: October 2021

Han Feiziis the title of a book, attributed to Master (zi) Han Fei, who lived toward the end of the Warring States era (475–221bce). The book is considered representative of early Chinese philosophy, and has influenced subsequent generations. It remains unclear how much of the text Han Fei himself wrote. According to his biography, he first submitted his writings to the king of Han to strengthen his native state, but the king did not show interest. Han Fei's writings found a more appreciative audience in the Qin state, whose king invited Han Fei to come and assist him.The content ofHan Feiziis political philosophy. It promotes the “two‐handles” system, in which the king imparts rewards and punishments to his ministers according to how well they perform their duties. Another theme is that of persuasion: in one of the few chapters directed to ministers rather than to the king,Han Feizielaborates on the art of persuasion (shui). The key to success lies in knowing the mind of the person to be persuaded. The aim of the persuader is to know how to embellish what the person to be persuaded is proud of, and to do away with what he is ashamed of.
Introductory patient communication training for medical physics graduate students: Pilot experience
Authors: Padilla Laura , Meleski Whitney Burton , Dominick Caitlin , Athing Caroline , Jones Cassidy L. , Burns Dana , Cathers Lauretta A. , Fields Emma C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite medical physics becoming a more patient‐facing part of the radiation oncology team, medical physics graduate students have no training in patient communication. An introductory patient communication training for medical physics graduate students is presented here. This training exposes participants to foundational concepts and effective communication skills through a lecture and it allows them to apply these concepts through realistic simulated patient interactions. The training was conducted virtually, and eight students participated. The impact of the training was evaluated based on changes in both confidence and competence of the participants’ patient communication skills. Participants were asked to fill out a survey to assess their confidence on communicating with patients before and after the training. They also underwent a simulated patient interaction pre‐ and postlecture. Their performance during these was evaluated by both the simulated patient actors and the participants themselves using a rubric. Each data set was paired and analyzed for significance using a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test with an alpha of 0.05. Participants reported significantly higher confidence in their feeling of preparedness to interact with patients (mean = 2.38 vs. 3.88, p = 0.008), comfort interacting independently (mean = 2.00 vs. 4.00, p = 0.002), comfort showing patients they are actively listening (mean = 3.50 vs. 4.50, p = 0.005), and confidence handling challenging patient interactions (mean = 1.88 vs. 3.38, p = 0.01), after the training. Their encounter scores, as evaluated by the simulated patient actors, significantly increased (mean = 77% vs. 91%, p = 0.022). Self‐evaluation scores increased, but not significantly (mean = 62% vs. 68%, p = 0.184). The difference between the simulated patient and self‐evaluation scores for the postinstruction encounter was statistically significant (p = 0.0014). This patient communication training for medical physics graduate students is effective at increasing both the confidence and the competence of the participants in the subject. We propose that similar trainings be incorporated into medical physics graduate training programs prior to students entering into residency.
Failure mode and effect analysis for linear accelerator‐based paraspinal stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Lee Sangkyu , Lovelock Dale Michael , Kowalski Alex , Chapman Kate , Foley Robert , Gil Mary , Pastrana Gerri , Higginson Daniel S. , Yamada Yoshiya , Zhang Lei , Mechalakos James , Yorke Ellen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionParaspinal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) involves risks of severe complications. We evaluated the safety of the paraspinal SBRT program in a large academic hospital by applying failure modes and effects analysis.MethodsThe analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary committee (two therapists, one dosimetrist, four physicists, and two radiation oncologists). The paraspinal SBRT workflow was segmented into four phases (simulation, treatment planning, delivery, and machine quality assurance (QA)). Each phase was further divided into a sequence of sub‐processes. Potential failure modes (PFM) were identified from each subprocess and scored in terms of the frequency of occurrence, severity and detectability, and a risk priority number (RPN). High‐risk PFMs were identified based on RPN and were studied for root causes using fault tree analysis.ResultsOur paraspinal SBRT process was characterized by eight simulations, 11 treatment planning, nine delivery, and two machine QA sub‐processes. There were 18, 29, 19, and eight PFMs identified from simulation, planning, treatment, and machine QA, respectively. The median RPN of the PFMs was 62.9 for simulation, 68.3 for planning, 52.9 for delivery, and 22.0 for machine QA. The three PFMs with the highest RPN were: previous radiotherapy outside the institution is not accurately evaluated (RPN: 293.3), incorrect registration between diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and simulation computed tomography causing incorrect contours (273.0), and undetected patient movement before ExacTrac baseline (217.8). Remedies to the high RPN failures were implemented, including staff education, standardized magnetic resonance imaging acquisition parameters, and an image fusion process, and additional QA on beam steering.ConclusionsA paraspinal SBRT workflow in a large clinic was evaluated using a multidisciplinary and systematic risk analysis, which led to feasible solutions to key root causes. Treatment planning was a major source of PFMs that systematically affect the safety and quality of treatments. Accurate evaluation of external treatment records remains a challenge.
Soft X‐ray Detectors Based on SnS Nanosheets for the Water Window Region
Authors: Shabbir Babar , Liu Jingying , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Ayyubi R. A. W. , Tran Kevin , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Hossain M. Mosarof , Khan Hareem , Wu Yingjie , Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda , Sagar Rizwan Ur Rehman , Mahmood Asif , Younis Adnan , Uddin Md Hemayet , Bukhari Syed A. , Walia Sumeet , Li Yongxiang , Spencer Michelle J.S. , Mahmood Nasir , Jasieniak Jacek J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe structural characteristics of biological specimens, such as wet proteins and fixed living cells, can be conveniently probed in their host aqueous media using soft X‐rays in the water window region (200–600 eV). Conventional X‐ray detectors in this area exhibit low spatial resolution, have limited sensitivity, and require complex fabrication procedures. Here, many of these limitations are overcome by introducing a direct soft X‐ray detector based on ultrathin tin mono‐sulfide (SnS) nanosheets. The distinguishing characteristic of SnS is its high photon absorption efficiency in the soft X‐ray region. This factor enables the fabricated soft X‐ray detectors to exhibit excellent sensitivity values on the order of at peak energies of ≈600 eV. The peak signal is found to be sensitive to the number of stacked SnS layers, with thicker SnS nanosheet assemblies yielding a peak response at higher energies and with peak sensitives of over 2.5 at 1 V. Detailed current–voltage and temporal characteristics of these detectors are also presented. These results showcase the excellent performance of SnS nanosheet‐based soft X‐ray detectors compared to existing direct soft X‐ray detectors, including that of the emerging organic–inorganic perovskite class of materials.
Polymer‐Grafted Nanoparticles as Single‐Component, High Filler Content Composites via Simple Transformative Aging
Authors: Kubiak Joshua M. , Macfarlane Robert J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymer‐grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) are ideal additives to enhance the mechanical properties and functionality of a polymer matrix and can even potentially serve as single‐component building blocks for highly filled composites if the polymer content is kept low. The major challenge facing such syntheses is that PGNP‐based solids with short polymer brushes often have low mechanical strength and limited processability. It therefore remains difficult to form robust architectures with a variety of 3D macroscopic shapes from single‐component PGNP composites. Forming covalent bonds between cross‐linkable PGNPs is a promising route for overcoming this limitation in processability and functionality, but cross‐linking strategies often require careful blending of components or slow assembly methods. Here, a transformative aging strategy is presented that uses anhydride cross‐linking to enable facile processing of single‐component PGNP solids via thermoforming into arbitrary shapes. The use of low Tg polymer brushes enables the production of macroscopic composites with >30 vol% homogeneously distributed filler, and aging increases stiffness by 1–2 orders of magnitude. This strategy can be adapted to a variety of polymer and nanofiller compositions and is therefore a potentially versatile approach to synthesize nanocomposites that are functional, mechanically robust, and easily processable.
Anion‐Rectifying Polymeric Single Lithium‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Cho Seok‐Kyu , Oh Kyeong‐Seok , Shin Jong Chan , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Kyung Min , Cho Junbeom , Lee Won Bo , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Minjae , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymeric single lithium (Li)‐ion conductors (SICs), along with inorganic conducting materials such as sulfides and oxides, have received significant attention as promising solid‐state electrolytes. Yet their practical applications have been plagued predominantly by sluggish ion transport. Here, a new class of quasi‐solid‐state SICs based on anion‐rectifying semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) with reticulated ion nanochannels are demonstrated. This semi‐IPN SIC (denoted as sSIC) features a bicontinuous and nanophase‐separated linear cationic polyurethane (cPU), which supports single‐ion conducting nanochannels, and ultraviolet‐crosslinked triacrylate polymer, which serves as a mechanical framework. The cPU phase is preferentially swollen with a liquid electrolyte and subsequently allows anion‐rectifying capability and nanofluidic transport via surface charge, which enable fast Li+ migration through ion nanochannels. Such facile Li+ conduction is further enhanced by tuning ion‐pair (i.e., freely movable anions and cations tethered to the cPU chains) interaction. Notably, the resulting sSIC provides high Li+ conductivity that exceeds those of commercial carbonate liquid electrolytes. This unusual single‐ion conduction behavior of the sSIC suppresses anion‐triggered interfacial side reactions with Li‐metal anodes and facilitates electrochemical reaction kinetics at electrodes, eventually improving rate performance and cycling retention of Li‐metal cells (comprising LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes and Li‐metal anodes) compared to those based on carbonate liquid electrolytes.
Synergetic Co‐Modulation of Crystallization and Co‐Passivation of Defects for FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Minhuan , Yin Yanfeng , Cai Wanxian , Liu Jing , Han Yaling , Feng Yulin , Dong Qingshun , Wang Yudi , Bian Jiming , Shi Yantao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnhancing crystallinity, passivating the grain boundary and interfacial defects have been validated to be critical for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a synergetic co‐modulation and co‐passivation strategy is proposed to simultaneously enhance crystallinity and passivate the grain boundary and surface defects of FAPbI3 based PSCs. The 4‐fluoro‐phenethylammonium iodide (4‐F‐PEAI) added in precursor solution and poly (9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) added in antisolvent can jointly modulate the crystallization of FAPbI3 films. The 4‐F‐PEAI‐derived 2D perovskite, which is spontaneously formed at the grain boundaries of FAPbI3, can passivate the defects effectively. In the meantime, PVK left on top of a FAPbI3 layer can passivate the surface defects and meanwhile function as an interfacial barrier layer between FAPbI3 and hole transport layer (HTL) to mitigate the detrimental interfacial charge recombination. With the holistic benefit of the enhanced crystallinity, reduced defects and trap sites, and mitigated non‐radiative recombination and suppressed ion migration, the encouraging PCEs up to 21.6% is achieved for the resulting modified PSCs. Additionally, this strategy endows the device with notably enhanced operational stability under continuous exposure to illumination, with more than 84% of the initial PCE being maintained after continuous illumination for 800 h.
Laser Writing of Eutectic Gallium–Indium Alloy Graphene‐Oxide Electrodes and Semitransparent Conductors
Authors: Chambel Alexandre , Sanati Afsaneh L. , Lopes Pedro Alhais , Nikitin Timur , Fausto Rui , de Almeida Aníbal T. , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraphene encapsulated liquid metal particles is a novel and promising class of biphasic composite, with application in the next generation of electronic devices. Here, rapid, low‐cost, and scalable fabrication of solution processed large area rGO@EGaIn electrodes is demonstrated. rGO@EGaIn solution is first deposited over the substrate through spray coating, and then processed through a low‐cost laser (master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA)). This allows simultaneous reduction, thinning, ablation, and high resolution patterning of the deposited films. Surprisingly, it is found that by adjusting the laser parameters, it is possible to make semitransparent conductors via laser thinning of the films. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectroscopy confirm that although the rGO/EGaIn weight ratio is only ≈0.08, the composite has a considerably different microstructure compared to the eutectic gallium–indium alloy (EGaIn) particles alone. Graphene oxide (GO) protects the EGaIn from extreme morphology change under laser irradiation. Therefore, various “shades” of rGO@EGaIn can be fabricated in a single film. This allows development of large electrodes with complex geometries in a few seconds. The conductivity, transparency, and reduction of the laser processed films are characterized by several techniques and an example of application is demonstrated by laser patterning a highly sensitive breath‐monitoring sensor.
A Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 1,5‐Bisallenes and Alkynes for the Formation of cis‐3,4‐Arylvinyl Pyrrolidines and Cyclopentanes
Authors: Vila Jordi , Vinardell Roger , Solà Miquel , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe cascade cyclization reactions of 1,5‐bisallenes grant access to a great variety of products by precisely tuning the catalyst system and/or the reagents involved. Herein, we present our findings that 1,5‐bisallenes react with two molecules of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford, in a completely diastereoselective manner, cis‐3,4‐arylvinyl pyrrolidines and cyclopentanes. DFT calculations have been used to postulate a mechanism for the developed reaction which encompasses a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of the two alkynes and the external double bond of one allene, followed by a cycloisomerization involving the internal double bond of the second allene.magnified image
Selective Anionic Redox and Suppressed Structural Disordering Enabling High‐Energy and Long‐Life Li‐Rich Layered‐Oxide Cathode
Authors: Ahn Jinho , Kang Jungmin , Cho Min‐kyung , Park Hyunyoung , Ko Wonseok , Lee Yongseok , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Jung Young Hwa , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Kim Hyungsub , Ryu Won‐Hee , Hong Jihyun , Kim Jongsoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite their high energy densities, Li‐rich layered oxides suffer from low capacity retention and continuous voltage decay caused by the migration of transition‐metal cations into the Li layers. The cation migration stabilizes oxidized oxygen anions through the decoordination of oxygen from the metal once the anions participate in the redox reaction. Structural disordering is thus considered inevitable in most Li‐rich layered oxides. However, herein, a Mg‐substituted Li‐rich layered oxide, Li1.2Mg0.2Ru0.6O2, with high structural and electrochemical stability is presented. Although using both cationic and anionic redox reactions, Ru migration in Li1.2−xMg0.2Ru0.6O2 is thermodynamically unfavored as a result of selectively oxidized O ions, suppressed structural disordering, and the formation of short (1.75 Å) Ru=O bonds enabled within the layered framework, which effectively decoordinate the oxidized O ions. The unprecedentedly high structural stability of Li1.2Mg0.2Ru0.6O2 leads to not only a high energy density of 964 Wh kg−1 but also outstanding rate capability and cycle performance. These findings demonstrate the potential of this practical strategy for the stabilization of Li‐rich layered oxides even with prolonged cycling.
Hairy cell leukemia 2022: Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and treatment
Authors: Troussard Xavier , Maître Elsa , Cornet Edouard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisease OverviewHairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL‐like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL‐V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B‐cell disorders characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course, and the need for appropriate treatment.DiagnosisDiagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of 3 or 4 based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral medullary infiltration and the presence of BRAFV600E somatic mutation.Risk StratificationProgression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status. VH4‐34‐positive HCL cases are associated with a poor prognosis.TreatmentPatients should be treated only if HCL is symptomatic. Chemotherapy with risk adapted therapy purine analogs (PNAs) are indicated in first‐line HCL patients. The use of chemo‐immunotherapy combining PNAs and rituximab (R) represents an increasingly used therapeutic approach. Management of relapsed/refractory disease is based on the use of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) plus rituximab or MEK inhibitors (MEKi), recombinant immunoconjugates targeting CD22 or Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (BTKi). However, the optimal sequence of the different treatments remains to be determined. The Bcl2‐inhibitors (Bcl‐2i) can play a major role in the future.