bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated arrhythmia detection from electrocardiogram signal using stacked restricted Boltzmann machine model
Authors: Pandey Saroj Kumar , Janghel Rekh Ram , Dev Aditya Vikram , Mishra Pankaj Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSignificant advances in deep learning techniques have made it possible to offer technologically advanced methods to detect cardiac abnormalities. In this study, we have proposed a new deep learning based Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) model for the classification of arrhythmias from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The work is divided into three phases where, in the first phase, signal processing is performed, including the normalization of the heartbeats as well as the segmentation of the heartbeats. In the second phase, the stacked RBM model is implemented which extracts the essential features from the ECG signal. Finally, a SoftMax activation function is used that classifies the ECG signal into four types of heartbeat classes according to ANSI/AAMA standards. This stacked RBM model is offered as three types of experiments, patient independent data classification for multi-class, patient independent data for binary classification, and patient specific classification. The best result was obtained using patient independent binary classification with an overall accuracy of 99.61%. For Patient Independent Multi Class classification, accuracy obtained was 98.61% and for patient specific data, the accuracy was 95.13%. The experimental results shows that the developed RBM model has better performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity as compared to work mentioned in the other research papers.Article highlightsThe proposed RBM model is skilled to automatically classify ECG heartbeat according to the ANSI- AAMI standards with accuracy, Recall, specificity.The performance of the RBM model to correctly classify heartbeat classes was found to be improved.The model is fully automatic, hence there is no requirement of additional system like feature extraction, feature selection, and classification.
Familial sleep and autism spectrum disorder: a pilot actigraphy study of sleep quality, quality of life and psychological distress
Authors: Leader Geraldine , Glynn Carmel , Kirkpatrick Bernadette , Chen June L. , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Mannion Arlene 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:Sleep problems are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can have a negative impact on the child’s behaviour and daytime functioning. The current pilot study examined objective measurements of child and parent sleep as factors associated with the stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social support and quality of life of parents of children with ASD.Methods:Participants were nine children with ASD and their parents (nine mothers and three fathers). Participants wore an actigraph for 7 consecutive days and nights. Measures of sleep habits and quality were used to ascertain child and parent sleep. Measures of parenting stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, quality of life and social support were collated.Results:Results indicated the emergence of high parental stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant correlations were observed between parent depressive symptoms, and both subjective sleep quality and child sleep disruptions.Conclusions:The present study found that parental well-being is affected by child sleep problems.
Integration to Inclusion in Hong Kong: Not an Easy Progression
Authors: Westwood Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article describes the evolution of inclusive education in Hong Kong, moving from segregation via integration to inclusion. The outside influence of education policies and trends from Britain, Australia, and the United States are identified, and the current situation is described. In particular, obstacles that are encountered on the route to inclusion are compared with those found in other countries. These obstacles include large class size, teachers’ often negative attitudes, parents’ expectations, teachers’ lack of expertise for adapting the curriculum and for providing differentiated teaching, and ongoing conflicts between the notion of ‘inclusive schooling for all’ and the ‘academic standards agenda’.
NOTES ON ORTHOGONAL-COMPLETE METRIC SPACES
Authors: DUNG NGUYEN VAN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe prove that the restriction of a given orthogonal-complete metric space to the closure of the orbit induced by the origin point with respect to an orthogonal-preserving and orthogonal-continuous map is a complete metric space. Then we show that many existence results on fixed points in orthogonal-complete metric spaces can be proved by using the corresponding existence results in complete metric spaces.
ENUMERATING NECKLACES WITH TRANSITIONS
Authors: BIANCONI FRANCESCO , BRUGNOLI EMANUELE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNecklaces are the equivalence classes of words under the action of the cyclic group. Let a transition in a word be any change between two adjacent letters modulo the word’s length. We present a closed-form solution for the enumeration of necklaces innbeads,kcolours andttransitions. We show that our result provides a more general solution to the problem of counting alternating (proper) colourings of the vertices of a regularn-gon.
EXTENDING RESULTS OF MORGAN AND PARKER ABOUT COMMUTING GRAPHS
Authors: BEIKE NICOLAS F. , CARLETON RACHEL , COSTANZO DAVID G. , HEATH COLIN , LEWIS MARK L. , LU KAIWEN , PEARCE JAMIE D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMorgan and Parker proved that if G is a group with
${\textbf{Z}(G)} = 1$
, then the connected components of the commuting graph of G have diameter at most
$10$
. Parker proved that if, in addition, G is solvable, then the commuting graph of G is disconnected if and only if G is a Frobenius group or a
$2$
-Frobenius group, and if the commuting graph of G is connected, then its diameter is at most
$8$
. We prove that the hypothesis
$Z (G) = 1$
in these results can be replaced with
$G' \cap {\textbf{Z}(G)} = 1$
. We also prove that if G is solvable and
$G/{\textbf{Z}(G)}$
is either a Frobenius group or a
$2$
-Frobenius group, then the commuting graph of G is disconnected.
Effects of supplementing a healthy diet with pecan nuts or extra-virgin olive oil on inflammatory profile of patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Weschenfelder Camila , Gottschall Catarina B.A. , Markoski Melissa M. , Portal Vera Lúcia , Quadros Alexandre S. de , Bersch-Ferreira Ângela Cristine , Marcadenti Aline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe consumption of nuts and extra-virgin olive oil has been associated with suppression of inflammatory pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis, but its role on the modulation of the inflammatory profile in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding pecan nuts or extra-virgin olive oil to a healthy diet on inflammatory markers in patients with stable CAD. In this randomised clinical trial, 204 patients were enrolled to three study groups: sixty seven to control group (CG: healthy diet), sixty eight to pecan nuts group (PNG: 30 g/d of pecans + healthy diet) and sixty nine to extra-virgin olive oil group (OOG: 30 ml/d of extra-virgin olive oil + healthy diet). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, in mg/l), fibrinogen (mg/dl), IL 2, 4, 6, 10 (pg/ml) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ, in pg/ml), IL-6/IL-10, IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-/γIL-4 ratios were evaluated at baseline and after the follow-up (12 weeks). As main results, after adjustment for sex, statin used and relative body weight variation, there were no differences between groups regarding inflammatory markers at the end of the study. IL-6 levels (primary outcome) were reduced in 12 weeks when compared with baseline in all study groups (CG: difference: −0·593 (se = 0·159) pg/dL; PNG: difference: −0·335 (se = 0·143) pg/dl; OOG: IL-6 difference: −0·325 (se = 0·143) pg/dl). In conclusion, there was no significant effect of including pecan nuts or extra virgin olive oil to a healthy diet on inflammatory markers in individuals with CAD.
Ideological and Partisan Bias in the Canadian Public
Authors: Merkley Eric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPartisan and affective polarization should have observable consequences in Canada, such as bias in political information search and processing. This article presents the results of three studies that test for partisan and ideological bias using the Digital Democracy Project's study of the 2019 Canadian election. Study 1 uses a conjoint experiment where respondents choose from pairs of hypothetical news stories where the slant of the source and headline are both randomized. Study 2 tests for partisan-motivated responsiveness to elite cues with a policy vignette that manipulates the presence of party elite cues and a motivational prime. Study 3 requires respondents to solve a randomly assigned numeracy task that is either political or nonpolitical in nature. Results suggest that Canadians (1) select politically congenial information, though not sources of such information, (2) follow elite cues when partisan motivation is primed and (3) evaluate evidence in ways that are biased by their ideological beliefs.
Strategies to mitigate economic hardship among family dairy farms of Central Mexico
Authors: Martínez-García Carlos Galdino , Clugston Claire , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel , Olmos-Colmenero Jesús , Wattiaux Michel André 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe economic hardship of dairy producers has worsened in the last decade because of increasing costs of production. A field survey with 51 dairy farmers was conducted to explore strategies to mitigate economic hardship. Factor and cluster analyses were conducted to characterize the farmers and their farms. Differences among groups regarding changes adopted to increase incomes, to reduce costs, and to pay bills were tested using Fisher’s exact test. Four factors explained 76.2% of the cumulative variance and four groups were identified: “stagnant farms” were in group 1, with the lowest daily income over concentrate feed cost (DIOCFC) and the least number of changes, “effectively management farms” were in group 2, with the highest DIOCFC and the highest number of income-increasing changes, the “cost reducing farms” were in group 3, with the smallest in size with a focus on cutting cost, and the “mixed strategy farms” were in group 4, with the largest herd size. Most prevalent income-increasing strategies included attempts to improve cow nutritional balance and milk composition, whereas the most prevalent cost-reducing strategies included reductions in input purchases of inputs (concentrates and fertilizers) and selected household expenses. Selling cows was a common strategy to generate cash in acute hardship situations. In conclusion, responses to economic hardship varied substantially among groups of farms, cost-reducing strategies were linked to lower cow productivity and lower technological levels, but income-increasing strategies were linked to higher cow productivity and higher DIOCFC. Our findings may contribute to the design of extension initiatives to promote useful strategies to help mitigate economic hardship on dairy farms.
Cadomian orogenic collapse in the Ibor and Alcudia anticlines of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Lorenzo Saturnino 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the Central Iberian Zone, the Cadomian orogenic collapse is represented by chaotic megabreccias, olistostromes and mélange deposits reflecting a drastic change from slope-related deposits, fed by denudation of the Cadomian arc, to offshore-dominant settings episodically punctuated by phosphogenetic processes. In the Ibor and Alcudia anticlines, the pre-rift unconformity is marked by paraconformable to angular discordant contacts separating variable tilted strata of the Ediacaran Lower Alcudian – Domo Extremeño Supergroup and the upper Ediacaran – lower Terreneuvian Ibor Group from the overlying Terreneuvian San Lorenzo and Fuentepizarra formations. The sedimentation of the San Lorenzo Formation reflects two palaeogeographic scenarios: (i) a low-angle stable basement recording shoaling-upward siliciclastic cycles, and (ii) perturbations of basement fault scarps feeding slope-related conglomeratic channels, with NE-directed palaeocurrents, and sourced from topographic palaeohighs controlled by the movement along synsedimentary normal fault systems, such as the so-called El Guijo Fault. The intra-Fortunian age of the pre-rift unconformity is constrained by the ichno- and microfossil content of the succession, and is bracketed between the first occurrence of Treptichnus pedum in the Arrocampo Formation (Ibor Group) and of Anabarella plana in the Fuentepizarra Formation.
Subglottic and tracheal stenosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Scholfield D W , Warner E , Ahmed J , Ghufoor K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 critical care patients endure prolonged periods of intubation. Late tracheostomy insertion, large endotracheal tubes and high cuff pressures increase their risk of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. This patient cohort also often appears to have co-morbidities associated with laryngotracheal stenosis, including high body mass index and laryngopharyngeal reflux.MethodsThis paper presents three coronavirus disease 2019 patients who were intubated for a mean of 28 days before tracheostomy, leading to complex multi-level stenoses.ResultsAll patients underwent multiple endoscopic tracheoplasty procedures and two required tracheal resections. There was a mean of 33.9 days between interventions. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients do not appear to respond as well to steroid, laser and balloon dilatation as other adult stenosis patients.ConclusionIntubated coronavirus disease 2019 patients have an increased risk of laryngotracheal stenosis, as a result of multiple factors. Otolaryngology teams should be vigilant in investigating for this complication. International guidelines on time to tracheostomy should be followed, despite a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019.
In Praise of Meliboeus: Calpurnius Siculus and Columella
Authors: Nauta Ruurd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn discussion over the dating of theBucolicsof Calpurnius Siculus, an important role has always been played by attempts to identify the character of Meliboeus, who is to be read as a bucolic allegory of the poet's patron. By providing a new interpretation of the description of Meliboeus’ literary production, I argue that he must be the agricultural writer Columella. A consideration of other aspects of Meliboeus confirms this identification, as does the analysis of a number of significant allusions toDe cultu hortorum, the poem that makes up the tenth book of Columella'sDe re rustica. I then establish the date of Columella and discuss the consequences for dating Calpurnius, placing some parts of his book later in the reign of Nero than has been customary.
Prime geodesics and averages of the Zagier L-series
Authors: BALKANOVA OLGA , FROLENKOV DMITRY , RISAGER MORTEN S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Zagier L-series encode data of real quadratic fields. We study the average size of these L-series, and prove asymptotic expansions and omega results for the expansion. We then show how the error term in the asymptotic expansion can be used to obtain error terms in the prime geodesic theorem.
High but slightly declining COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and reasons for vaccine acceptance, Finland April to December 2020
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C. , Cristea Veronica , Dub Timothee , Sivelä Jonas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigated likelihood to vaccinate and reasons for and against accepting a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among adult residents of Finland. Vaccine acceptance declined from 70% in April to 64% in December 2020. Complacency and worry about side effects were main reasons against vaccination while concern about severe disease was a strong motive for vaccination. Convenience of vaccination and recommendations by healthcare workers were identified as enablers for vaccination among those aged under 50 years. Understanding barriers and enablers behind vaccine acceptance is decisive in ensuring a successful implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes, which will be key to ending the pandemic.
Modelling suitable breeding habitat and GAP analysis for the endangered Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus: implications for conservation
Authors: XU WENYU , SOLOVYEVA DIANA , VARTANYAN SERGEY , ZHENG HAIFENG , PRONKEVICH VLADIMIR , GONG YE , WANG HAITAO 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus is a globally ‘Endangered’ species breeding in north-east Asia. Limited by information on the geographic distribution of suitable habitat, the conservation management programme has not been comprehensive or spatially explicit for the breeding population. This study combines potentially important environmental variables with extensive data on species occurrence to create the first species distribution model for the breeding Scaly-sided Merganser, followed by a GAP analysis to highlight the unprotected areas containing suitable habitat. The predictive map showing the most suitable breeding habitat for the Scaly-sided Merganser covered broad-leaved deciduous forest distributed in six provincial regions in south-east Russia, north-east China, and North Korea. The conservation GAP, i.e. 90% (38,813 km2) of highly suitable habitat, is mainly concentrated in the Sikhote-Alin and Changbai mountain ranges. This study suggests that prioritizing conservation of unprotected broad-leaved deciduous riverine forests within the above two mountainous regions should be included in international conservation planning, and the remaining suitable patches need to be preserved to allow range expansion in future. This predictive map improves the expert global assessment of breeding Scaly-sided Merganser distribution and provides a basic reference for establishing conservation areas or implementing conservation actions for the breeding Scaly-sided Merganser in north-east Asia.
European GoldfinchesCarduelis carduelisas pets in Algeria: numbers and social dimension of a conservation issue
Authors: LOUADJ ALDJIA , RAZKALLAH IMANE , ATOUSSI SADEK , NIJMAN VINCENT , BARA MOUSLIM , HOUHAMDI MOUSSA , BOUSLAMA ZIHAD 
Published: May 2021

SummarySince antiquity, the keeping of finches as pets has been common throughout the Mediterranean countries and it remains a widespread hobby to the present day. Since most finches are sourced from the wild this hobby can have implications for their conservation, especially for already imperilled species. We conducted a survey of 257 households in the city of Guelma, in the north-east of Algeria, and of 70 participants to a European GoldfinchCarduelis carduelisshow contest in Algiers, to understand the owners’ motives for keeping cage birds and find solutions to mitigate any negative effects on the trade. Keeping and showing finches in Algeria is a male-dominated hobby, especially for the 30–40 year age bracket. Our surveys indicate that almost 60% of households had a cage bird, with the European Goldfinch being the most popular species. With a mean of 0.75 goldfinches per household we estimate that in Guelma alone some 17,000 are kept in captivity. Between 70% and 90% of the owners indicated that their birds were indeed wild-sourced, and over 85% of them were aware of the protected status of the European Goldfinch in Algeria. Our findings underline the need for strict enforcement of existing laws and better targeted awareness campaigns to influence the behaviour of owners in order to reduce the demand for wild specimens.
Folate and vitamin B12 status: associations with maternal glucose and neonatal DNA methylation sites related to dysglycaemia, in pregnant women with obesity
Authors: van Weelden Wenneke , Seed Paul T. , Antoun Elie , Godfrey Keith M. , Kitaba Negusse T. , Lillycrop Karen A. , Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Sobczyńska-Malefora Agata , Painter Rebecca C. , Poston Lucilla , White Sara L. , Flynn Angela C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies implicate maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in differential methylation of infant DNA. Folate and vitamin B12 play a role in DNA methylation, and these vitamins may also influence GDM risk. The aims of this study were to determine folate and vitamin B12 status in obese pregnant women and investigate associations between folate and vitamin B12 status, maternal dysglycaemia and neonatal DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites previously observed to be associated with dysglycaemia. Obese pregnant women who participated in the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial were included. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were measured at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) visit. Cord blood DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Regression models with adjustment for confounders were used to examine associations. Of the 951 women included, 356 (37.4%) were vitamin B12 deficient, and 44 (4.6%) were folate deficient. Two-hundred and seventy-one women (28%) developed GDM. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were not associated with neonatal DNA methylation. Higher folate was positively associated with 1-h plasma glucose after OGTT (β = 0.031, 95% CI 0.001–0.061, p = 0.045). There was no relationship between vitamin B12 and glucose concentrations post OGTT or between folate or vitamin B12 and GDM. In summary, we found no evidence to link folate and vitamin B12 status with the differential methylation of neonatal DNA previously observed in association with dysglycaemia. We add to the evidence that folate status may be related to maternal glucose homoeostasis although replication in other maternal cohorts is required for validation.
Federalism and Mitigating Climate Change: The Merits of Flexibility, Experimentalism, and Dissonance
Authors: Reich Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Federalism is ostensibly misplaced to mitigate climate change as a global public concern as it is prone to import the inadequate incentive structures existing at the international level into the domestic domain. Drawing from the legal structures and procedures of Swiss federalism, this article attempts to provide a more nuanced assessment of the relationship between laws designed to mitigate climate change and federalism. It seeks to demonstrate that federalism may support effective policies to mitigate climate change, provided that the architecture of domestic climate change law meets certain criteria. These include considerable federal powers, a degree of institutional flexibility, robust formal channels of influence for subnational actors on policy formulation at the federal level, ample room for regulatory experimentalism at the lower layers of federalism, and the ‘right to act’ conferred on the Federation to avoid political impasse among the constituent units.
Global Dynamics of the Stationary M2Mode‐1 Internal Tide
Authors: Kelly Samuel M. , Waterhouse Amy F. , Savage Anna C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA reduced‐physics model is employed at 1/25° to 1/100° global resolution to determine (a) if linear dynamics can reproduce the observed low‐mode M2internal tide, (b) internal‐tide sensitivity to bathymetry, stratification, surface tides, and dissipation parameterizations, and (c) the amount of power transferred to the nonstationary internal tide. The simulations predict 200 GW of mode‐1 internal‐tide generation, consistent with a general circulation model and semianalytical theory. Mode‐1 energy is sensitive to damping, but a simulation using parameterizations for wave drag and wave‐mean interaction predicts 84% of satellite observed sea‐surface height amplitude variance on a 1° × 1° grid. The simulation energy balance indicates that 16% of stationary mode‐1 energy is scattered to modes 2–4 and negligible energy propagates onto the shelves. The remaining 84% of energy is lost through parameterizations for high‐mode scattering over rough topography (54%) and wave‐mean interactions that transfer energy to the nonstationary internal tide (29%).