bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plurality of psychic states in the field
Authors: DeArmond Isabelle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe archetypal images of separation and dissociation are very present in Jung’s model of individuation, and Jung proposed a dynamic relationship between conscious and unconscious parts of the psyche of analyst and analysand. In addition, numerous contemporary authors emphasize the multiplicity of the self and the emergence of the field created by both participants, allowing for symbolization and transformation. I describe here my attempts to reach the encapsulated psychic split of a client. Defeated in my search for any conscious, developed self‐state that could readily match his, I had to nurture the field of our relationship, where a child was imprisoned and allow space for daydreaming. The field ultimately supported the emergence of a primitive part of me matching his, which he required to safely mirror his experience. In staying and dreaming within this field of longing, we reconstructed his initial trauma. The defeat of my ego and the response to the multiplicity of Mark’s states through the sustained reverie of holding a child, a single archetypal image, stirred the good mother in me, forged a container for non‐rational, affective somatic psychic splits, and initiated psychic changes.
Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers derived from hulless barley
Authors: Zhu Yulin , Yang Shihua , Huang Yonghua , Huang Jiaqi , Li Yongqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from hulless barley were evaluated by an in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion model. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in IDF and SDF following GI digestion were studied. The results obtained showed an increase in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well antioxidant activity compared with undigested extracts. Moreover, the bioaccessibility indexes of phenolic compounds in IDF and SDF were 490.90 ± 3.10% and 1608.79 ± 40.63% respectively, after GI digestion. Similarly, the bioaccessibility indexes of flavonoids in IDF and SDF were 179.20 ± 15.16% and 814.36 ± 26.31%, respectively. Based on our findings, individual phenolic compounds show different stability in the digestion process. The content of ferulic acid has different trends in IDF and SDF during GI digestion. This study could provide a scientific basis for hulless barley DF as valuable food additives.Practical ApplicationHulless barley is a unique cereal with potential health benefits due to high dietary fiber (DF) content and phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds could be linked to DF through chemical bonds. Phenolic compounds in DF can be slowly and continuously released under acidic, alkaline, and enzymatic conditions by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, which could maintain a higher phenolic concentration in the bloodstream and be beneficial for human health. This study could provide a scientific basis for hulless barley DF as valuable food additives.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from perilla seed meal by response surface methodology: Characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities
Authors: Zhang Hongjiao , Li Huizhen , Zhang Zhijun , Hou Tianyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) process of perilla seed meal polysaccharides (PSMP). The optimal conditions for UAE of PSMP were: liquid–solid ratio of 26.00 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature of 43.00 °C, ultrasonic time of 52.00 min, and ultrasonic power of 229.00 W, the optimal conditions lead to an yield of 6.137 ± 0.062%. The structural characteristics of molecular weight, compositional monosaccharides, and glycosidic linkages were determined by size exclusion chromatography with multiangle light scattering, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, Fourier‐transfer infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance detections. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that many holes were formed on the surface of PSM after UAE. The antioxidant activities of PSMP were investigated using various assays in vitro. The results suggested that PSMP is potential natural resource of antioxidants for medicine and functional foods.Practical ApplicationThe selection of raw material perilla seed meal is conducive to the comprehensive utilization of edible resources. With consumer demands for newly developed foods with natural, wholesome ingredients are increasing nowadays. This study provides effective reference for in‐depth research on other medicine‐food dual‐use resources. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is a promising alternative method for hot water reflux extraction (HWRE) of polysaccharides for advantages of high efficiency and energy saving. In this work, the UAE process optimized by response surface methodology is more suitable for industrial application that can effectively decrease total cost of production by reducing the extraction temperature, shortening extraction time, and increasing raw material utilization.
Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole‐body fat oxidation during moderate‐intensity exercise
Authors: Chee Carolyn , Shannon Chris E. , Burns Aisling , Selby Anna L. , Wilkinson Daniel , Smith Kenneth , Greenhaff Paul L. , Stephens Francis B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntramyocellular lipid (IMCL) utilization is impaired in older individuals, and IMCL accumulation is associated with insulin resistance. We hypothesized that increasing muscle total carnitine content in older men would increase fat oxidation and IMCL utilization during exercise, and improve insulin sensitivity. Fourteen healthy older men (69 ± 1 year, BMI 26.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2) performed 1 h of cycling at 50% VO2max and, on a separate occasion, underwent a 60 mU/m2/min euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp before and after 25 weeks of daily ingestion of a 220 ml insulinogenic beverage (44.4 g carbohydrate, 13.8 g protein) containing 4.5 g placebo (n = 7) or L‐carnitine L‐tartrate (n = 7). During supplementation, participants performed twice‐weekly cycling for 1 h at 50% VO2max. Placebo ingestion had no effect on muscle carnitine content or total fat oxidation during exercise at 50% VO2max. L‐carnitine supplementation resulted in a 20% increase in muscle total carnitine content (20.1 ± 1.2 to 23.9 ± 1.7 mmol/kg/dm; p < 0.01) and a 20% increase in total fat oxidation (181.1 ± 15.0 to 220.4 ± 19.6 J/kg lbm/min; p < 0.01), predominantly due to increased IMCL utilization. These changes were associated with increased expression of genes involved in fat metabolism (ACAT1, DGKD & PLIN2; p < 0.05). There was no change in resting insulin‐stimulated whole‐body or skeletal muscle glucose disposal after supplementation. This is the first study to demonstrate that a carnitine‐mediated increase in fat oxidation is achievable in older individuals. This warrants further investigation given reduced lipid turnover is associated with poor metabolic health in older adults.
A new perspective on European drinking cultures: a model‐based approach to determine variations in drinking practices among 19 European countries
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Manthey Jakob , Kraus Ludwig , Mäkelä Pia , Moskalewicz Jacek , Sieroslawski Janusz , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsIn recent decades, alcohol drinking in the European Union has been characterized by increasing homogenization of levels of drinking coupled with an overall decrease. This study examined whether we can still distinguish distinct practices of drinking by addressing two research questions: (1) are drinking practices still characterized by the choice of a certain alcoholic beverage; and (2) how do drinking practices vary across countries?DesignCross‐sectional study: latent‐class analyses of drinking variables and fractional response regression analyses of individual characteristics for individual‐level class endorsement probabilities, respectively.SettingNineteen European countries and one autonomous community.ParticipantsA total of 27 170 past‐year drinkers aged 18–65 years in 2015.MeasurementsData were collected through the Standardized European Alcohol Survey included frequency of past‐year drinking, pure alcohol intake per drink day, occurrence of monthly risky single‐occasion drinking and preferred beverage, together with socio‐demographic data.FindingsThree latent classes were identified: (1) light to moderate drinking without risky single‐occasion drinking [prevalence: 68.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 66.7–69.3], (2) infrequent heavy drinking (prevalence: 12.6%, 95% CI = 11.5–13.7) and (3) regular drinking with at least monthly risky single‐occasion drinking (prevalence: 19.4%, 95% CI = 18.1–20.9). Drinking classes differed considerably in beverage preference, with women reporting a generally higher share of wine and men of beer drinking. Light to moderate drinking without risky single‐occasion drinking was the predominant drinking practice in all locations except for Lithuania, where infrequent heavy drinking (class 2) was equally popular. Socio‐demographic factors and individual alcohol harm experiences (rapid alcohol on‐line screen) explained up to 20.5% of the variability in class endorsement.ConclusionsBeverage preference appears to remain a decisive indicator for distinguishing Europeans’ drinking practices. In most European countries, multiple drinking practices appear to be present.
Effects of climatic change on the potential geographic distribution of the threatened West‐Central African endemic genus, Talbotiella
Authors: Asase Alex , Jiménez‐García Daniel , Townsend Peterson Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate change is considered to be a leading cause of species extinction, yet the likely effects of climate change on geographic distributions and conservation status of many threatened African plants have not seen detailed evaluation. Here, we used ecological niche modelling approaches to explore and evaluate climate change effects on potential geographic distributions of plants of the threatened West‐Central African genus Talbotiella. Our models showed that suitability was lower in the northern parts of its range in West Africa and at it's southern extremes in West‐Central Africa. Areas of West Africa between Liberia and southwestern Ghana were identified as potentially suitable areas where new populations or species of the genus could be discovered. Our model transfers to future conditions showed range shifts and contractions in the geographic distribution of the genus; species of the genus are threatened by additional factors such as habitat loss or degradation, agriculture and development of industrial infrastructure. Although species of the genus will likely persist in protected areas, conservation efforts should also include ex situ conservation approaches, particularly as regards individual species in the genus. This study shows how niche modelling approaches could be used to enhance the conservation and discovery of African biodiversity.
Electrocardiographic markers of increased risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Alareedh Mohammed , Nafakhi Hussein , Shaghee Foaad , Nafakhi Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the role of ECG markers of increased risk of sudden cardiac death during the acute period of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID‐19) pneumonia.ObjectivesTo evaluate ECG markers of sudden cardiac death on admission, including the index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) (QTc/QRS) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) (T from peak to end (Tp‐e) interval and Tp‐e/QTc), in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.Patients and methodsThis cross‐sectional study included 63 patients with newly diagnosed COVID‐19 pneumonia who presented to the outpatient clinic or admitted to the respiratory care unit between August 20 and September 15, 2020. Forty‐six persons matched for sex and age were selected from data collected before COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsQRS and QTc showed a significant prolongation in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia compared to the controls (87 vs. 78, p < .00, and 429 versus. 400, p < .00, respectively). After categorization of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia into 3 groups according to the severity of pneumonia as mild‐moderate, severe, and critical groups, a decreased values of QRS were observed in the critical COVID‐19 pneumonia group compared to severe and mild‐moderate COVID‐19 pneumonia groups (p = .04) while increased values of QTc and iCEB(QTc/QRS) were noted in critical COVID‐19 pneumonia group compared to other 2 groups(p < .00).ConclusionsPatients with COVID‐19 pneumonia showed significant changes in repolarization and conduction parameters compared to controls. Patients with mild to severe COVID‐19 pneumonia may be at low risk for torsades de pointes development.
Levels and correlates of physical activity and screen time among early years children (2–5 years): Cross‐cultural comparisons between Canadian and South Korean data
Authors: Lee Eun‐Young , Song Yoon‐Kyung , Hunter Stephen , Jeon Justin , Kuzik Nicholas , Predy Madison , Carson Valerie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCross‐cultural research can provide insight into whether levels and correlates of movement behaviours among early years children vary across different cultural contexts. This study (1) compared children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) and parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST between samples of Canadian and South Korean (Korean thereafter) early years children (2–5 years) and (2) investigated parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST and whether country moderates the relationships.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 121 Canadian children (3.4 years; 49.6% girls) and 101 Korean children (3.4 years; 54.9% girls) who participated in the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits (PREPS) study were used. Demographic information, children's PA, ST, PA‐ or ST‐specific parental cognitions and behaviours, and home and neighbourhood environments were measured using a proxy‐reported questionnaire. Two‐tailed independent samples T test or Mann Whitney U test, chi‐square tests, linear regression and moderation analyses were performed.ResultsCanadian children spent more time in non‐organized PA compared to Korean children (111 vs. 63 min/day), whereas time spent in organized PA was higher in Korean children than Canadian children (25 vs. 9 min/day). Canadian children had more ST than Korean children (159 vs. 110 min/day). Similarly, Canadian parents reported higher screen (142 vs. 116 min/day) and sitting time (317 vs. 286 min/day) than Korean parents. Though children's behaviours, as well as parental cognitions and behaviours, varied between the two samples, similar correlates of children's PA and ST were observed. The relationship between presence of electronics in children's bedrooms and children's ST was moderated by country, with Canadian children showing a stronger relationship than Korean children.ConclusionsSupporting parents to adopt cognitions and behaviours that are conducive to healthy PA and ST patterns of their own and their early years children may be important for both Canada and Korea.
Lying and Theory of Mind: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Jia Ying Sarah , Imuta Kana 
Published: January 2021

This meta‐analysis investigated the link between lying and theory‐of‐mind (ToM) by integrating findings from 81 studies involving 7,826 children between 2 and 14 years of age from 14 different collectivist and individualist cultures. Overall, there was a small, significant positive association (r = .23). Four main moderators were examined: facet of lying (understanding, instigated production, spontaneous production, maintenance); valence of lies (antisocial, prosocial); type of ToM (first‐order, second‐order); and culture (collectivist, individualist). Facet of lying and type of ToM were significant moderators. ToM was positively related to all facets of lying, but most strongly linked to lie maintenance and weakest for spontaneous production. Both first‐order and second‐order ToM were positively related to lying, but the link was stronger for the former.
Mutation in PHACTR1 associated with multifocal epilepsy with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia
Authors: Marakhonov Andrey V. , Přechová Magdalena , Konovalov Fedor A. , Filatova Alexandra Yu. , Zamkova Maria A. , Kanivets Ilya V. , Solonichenko Vladimir G. , Semenova Natalia A. , Zinchenko Rena A. , Treisman Richard , Skoblov Mikhail Yu. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA young boy with multifocal epilepsy with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia with minimal organic lesions of brain structures underwent DNA diagnosis using whole‐exome sequencing. A heterozygous amino‐acid substitution p.L519R in a PHACTR1 gene was identified. PHACTR1 belongs to a protein family of G‐actin binding protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) cofactors and was not previously associated with a human disease. The missense single nucleotide variant in the proband was shown to occur de novo in the paternal allele. The mutation was shown in vitro to reduce the affinity of PHACTR1 for G‐actin, and to increase its propensity to form complexes with the catalytic subunit of PP1. These properties are associated with altered subcellular localization of PHACTR1 and increased ability to induce cytoskeletal rearrangements. Although the molecular role of the PHACTR1 in neuronal excitability and differentiation remains to be defined, PHACTR1 has been previously shown to be involved in Slack channelopathy pathogenesis, consistent with our findings. We conclude that this activating mutation in PHACTR1 causes a severe type of sporadic multifocal epilepsy in the patient.
Scheduling incremental actions to build a comprehensive national protected area network for Papua New Guinea
Authors: Adams Vanessa M. , Dimitrova Nadya , Possingham Hugh P. , Allan James R. , Kuempel Caitlin D. , Peterson Nate , Kaiye Alu , Keako Malcolm , Tulloch Vivitskaia J.D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSystematic conservation planning identifies priority areas to cost‐effectively meet conservation targets. Yet, these tools rarely guide wholesale declaration of reserve systems in a single time step due to financial and implementation constraints. Rather, incremental scheduling of actions to progressively build reserve networks is required. To ensure this incremental action is guided by the original plan, and thus builds a reserve network that meets all conservation targets, strategic scheduling, and iterative planning is needed. We explore the issue of scheduling conservation actions using the national scale conservation plan for Papua New Guinea (PNG), commissioned by the PNG Conservation and Environment Protection Authority that identifies a comprehensive set of priority areas that meet conservation targets in both the land and sea. As part of the planning process a subset of areas were identified in collaboration as priorities for immediate action—termed areas of interest (AOIs). However, the extent to which targets are met if action stopped after implementing the AOIs is unknown. We test three possible implementation scenarios based on these priority areas to measure target achievement and shortfalls. We then consider how iterative planning would interact with scheduling actions to identify new long‐term priorities that will meet missing targets. Our results show that while a large number of conservation targets are met within the AOIs there are shortfalls for protecting threatened and range restricted endemic species. Meeting targets for these would require an updated set of national priorities and an additional 13% of land area compared with if all areas identified in the original assessment were protected in a single time step. This provides important insights into the benefits of strategic scheduling of implementation, as well as the need for capacity to monitor action and update priorities as implementation proceeds.
Graft infusion of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells to prevent rejection in experimental intestinal transplantation: A feasibility study
Authors: Andres Ane M. , Stringa Pablo , Talayero Paloma , Santamaria Monica , García‐Arranz Mariano , García Gómez‐Heras Soledad , Largo‐Aramburu Carlota , Aras‐Lopez Rosa M. , Vallejo‐Cremades Maria Teresa , Guerra Pastrián Laura , Vega Luz , Encinas Jose Luis , Lopez‐Santamaria Manuel , Hernández‐Oliveros Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been proposed as a promising complement to standard immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation because of their immunomodulatory properties. The present work addresses the role of adipose‐derived MSC (Ad‐MSC) in an experimental model of acute rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT).Material/MethodsHeterotopic allogeneic SBT was performed. A single dose of 1.5x106 Ad‐MSC was intra‐arterially delivered just before graft reperfusion. Animals were divided into CONTROL (CTRL), CONTROL+Ad‐MSC (CTRL_MSC), tacrolimus (TAC), and TAC+Ad‐MSC (TAC_MSC) groups. Each Ad‐MSC groups was subdivided in autologous and allogeneic third‐party groups.ResultsRejection rate and severity were similar in MSC‐treated and untreated animals. CTRL_MSC animals showed a decrease in macrophages, T‐cell (CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 subsets) and B‐cell counts in the graft compared with CTRL, this decrease was attenuated in TAC_MSC animals. Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and some chemokines and growth factors increased in CTRL_MSC animals, especially in the allogeneic group, whereas milder changes were seen in the TAC groups.ConclusionAd‐MSC did not prevent rejection when administered just before reperfusion. However, they showed immunomodulatory effects that could be relevant for a longer‐term outcome. Interference between tacrolimus and the MSC effects should be addressed in further studies.