bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Study of an Intermediate-age Open Cluster SAI 35 (Juchert 20) Using Ground-based Imaging and Gaia EDR3 Astrometry
Authors: Bisht D. , Zhu Qingfeng , Yadav R. K. S. , Rangwal Geeta , Durgapal Alok , Sariya Devesh P. , Jiang Ing-Guey 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a CCD UBVI photometric study of poorly studied intermediate-age open cluster SAI 35 (Juchert 20) for the first time. To accomplish this study, we also used LAMOST DR5, Two Micron All Sky Survey, and Gaia EDR3 databases. We identified 214 most probable cluster members with membership probability higher than 50%. The mean proper motion of the cluster is found as

and μ

δ
= −1.66 ± 0.01 mas yr−1. We find the normal interstellar extinction law using the various two-color diagrams. The age, distance, reddening, and radial velocity of the cluster are estimated to be 360 ± 40 Myr, 2.9 ± 0.15 kpc, 0.72 ± 0.05 mag, and −91.62 ± 6.39 km s−1, respectively. The overall mass function slope for main-sequence stars is found to be 1.49 ± 0.16 within the mass range 1.1–3.1 M
⊙, which is in agreement with Salpeter’s value within uncertainty. The present study demonstrates that SAI 35 is dynamically relaxed. Galactic orbital parameters are determined using Galactic potential models. We found that this object follows a circular path around the Galactic center.
Exploration of Aspherical Ejecta Properties in Type Ia Supernovae: Progenitor Dependence and Applications to Progenitor Classification
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Diehl Roland , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Siegert Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several explosions of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have been found to exhibit deviations from spherical symmetry upon closer inspection. Examples are the gamma-ray lines from SN 2014J as measured by INTEGRAL/SPI and morphology information from radioactive isotopes in older remnants such as Tycho. A systematic study of the effects of parameters such as ignition geometry and burning morphology in SNe Ia is still missing. We use a two-dimensional hydrodynamics code with postprocessing nucleosynthesis and simulate the double detonations in a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass carbon–oxygen white dwarf starting from the nuclear runaway in the accumulated He envelope toward disruption of the white dwarf. We explore potential variety through four triggering scenarios that sample main asymmetry drivers. We further investigate their global effects on the aspherical structure of the ejecta based on individual elements. We apply the results to the well-observed SN 2014J and other recently observed SN remnants in order to illustrate how these new observational data, together with other observed quantities, help to constrain the explosion and progenitors of SNe Ia.
N-body Self-consistent Stellar-halo Modeling of the Fornax Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Shchelkanova Galina , Hayashi Kohei , Blinnikov Sergei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present nearly self-consistent stellar-halo models of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy associated with the Milky Way galaxy. Such galaxies are dominated by dark matter and have almost no gas in the system. Therefore, they are excellent objects for N-body modeling that takes into account visible and dark matter halo components. In order to model the dark matter halo inferred from the analysis of the measured velocities of Fornax's stars, we constructed several self-consistent quasi-equilibrium models based on two source code sets. One of them (GalactICS Software, NEMO) deals with the self-consistent distribution function modeling that depends on the energy E and vertical component of the angular momentum L

z
. The other is included in the AGAMA framework and is based on Schwarzschild's calculation of orbits. It can reproduce the nonspherical self-consistent structure of Fornax as the weighted sum of orbit contributions to the galactic density even though the inferred dark halo parameters come from Jeans analysis, which does not require that any distribution functions be positive. To guess the parameters that make the N-body models close to the visible object, we use the stellar dark matter model of the Fornax galaxy based on hydrodynamic axisymmetric Jeans equations taking into account the velocity anisotropy parameter. Then, we studied the evolution of the models by performing N-body simulations with the falcON code in order to test their stability. The variability of the model parameters over time was obtained during simulations. The AGAMA models show the best agreement of the resulting velocity dispersion profiles with the observed data.
The Source Locations of Major Flares and CMEs in Emerging Active Regions
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Wang Yuming , Zhou Zhenjun , Cui Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Major flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) tend to originate from compact polarity inversion lines (PILs) in solar active regions (ARs). Recently, a scenario named “collisional shearing” was proposed by Chintzoglou et al. to explain the phenomenon, which suggests that the collision between different emerging bipoles is able to form a compact PIL, driving the shearing and flux cancellation that are responsible for the subsequent large activities. In this work, by tracking the evolution of 19 emerging ARs from their birth until they produce the first major flares or CMEs, we investigated the source PILs of the activities, i.e., the active PILs, to explore the generality of “collisional shearing.” We find that none of the active PILs is the self PIL (sPIL) of a single bipole. We further find that 11 eruptions originate from the collisional PILs (cPILs) formed due to the collision between different bipoles, six from the conjoined systems of sPIL and cPIL, and two from the conjoined systems of sPIL and ePIL (external PIL between the AR and the nearby pre-existing polarities). Collision accompanied by shearing and flux cancellation is found to develop at all PILs prior to the eruptions, with 84% (16/19) cases having collisional length longer than 18 Mm. Moreover, we find that the magnitude of the flares is positively correlated with the collisional length of the active PILs, indicating that the more intense activities tend to originate from PILs with more severe collisions. The results suggest that “collisional shearing,” i.e., bipole–bipole interaction during the flux emergence, is a common process in driving the major activities in emerging ARs.
Building and Calibrating the Binary Star Population Using Kepler Data
Authors: Wells Mark A. , Prša Andrej 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modeling binary star populations is critical to linking the theories of star formation and stellar evolution with observations. In order to test these theories, we need accurate models of observable binary populations. The Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog (KEBC), with its estimated >90% completeness, provides an observational anchor on binary population models. In this work we present the results of a new forward model of the binary star population in the Kepler field. The forward model takes a single star population from a model of the Galaxy and pairs the stars into binaries by applying the constraints on the population from the results of observational binary population surveys such as Raghavan et al. and Duchêne & Kraus. A synthetic binary population is constructed from the initial distributions of orbital parameters. We identify the eclipsing binary sample from the generated binary star population and compare this with the observed sample of eclipsing binaries contained in the KEBC. Finally, we update the distributions of the synthetic population and repeat the process until the synthetic eclipsing binary sample agrees with the KEBC. The end result of this process is a model of the underlying binary star population that has been fit to observations. We find that for fixed flat mass ratio and eccentricity input distributions, the binary period distribution is logarithmically flat above ∼3.2 days. With additional constraints on distributions from observations, we can further adjust the synthetic binary population by relaxing other input constraints, such as mass ratio and eccentricity.
The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey
Authors:   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC), Abolfathi Bela , Alonso David , Armstrong Robert , Aubourg Éric , Awan Humna , Babuji Yadu N. , Bauer Franz Erik , Bean Rachel , Beckett George , Biswas Rahul , Bogart Joanne R. , Boutigny Dominique , Chard Kyle , Chiang James , Claver Chuck F. , Cohen-Tanugi Johann , Combet Céline , Connolly Andrew J. , Daniel Scott F. , Digel Seth W. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Dubois Richard , Gangler Emmanuel , Gawiser Eric , Glanzman Thomas , Gris Phillipe , Habib Salman , Hearin Andrew P. , Heitmann Katrin , Hernandez Fabio , Hložek Renée , Hollowed Joseph , Ishak Mustapha , Ivezić Željko , Jarvis Mike , Jha Saurabh W. , Kahn Steven M. , Kalmbach J. Bryce , Kelly Heather M. , Kovacs Eve , Korytov Danila , Krughoff K. Simon , Lage Craig S. , Lanusse François , Larsen Patricia , Le Guillou Laurent , Li Nan , Longley Emily Phillips , Lupton Robert H. , Mandelbaum Rachel , Mao Yao-Yuan , Marshall Phil , Meyers Joshua E. , Moniez Marc , Morrison Christopher B. , Nomerotski Andrei , O’Connor Paul , Park HyeYun , Park Ji Won , Peloton Julien , Perrefort Daniel , Perry James , Plaszczynski Stéphane , Pope Adrian , Rasmussen Andrew , Reil Kevin , Roodman Aaron J. , Rykoff Eli S. , Sánchez F. Javier , Schmidt Samuel J. , Scolnic Daniel , Stubbs Christopher W. , Tyson J. Anthony , Uram Thomas D. , Villarreal Antonio , Walter Christopher W. , Wiesner Matthew P. , Wood-Vasey W. Michael , Zuntz Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin’s LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology.
High-redshift Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies: A Candidate Sample
Authors: Rakshit Suvendu , Stalin C. S. , Kotilainen Jari , Shin Jaejin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) is now mostly limited to low redshift (z < 0.8) because their definition requires the presence of the Hβ emission line, which is redshifted out of the spectral coverage of major ground-based spectroscopic surveys at z > 0.8. We studied the correlation between the properties of Hβ and Mg ii lines of a large sample of SDSS DR14 quasars to find high-z NLS1 candidates. Based on the strong correlation of FWHM(Mg II) = (0.880 ± 0.005) × FWHM(Hβ) + (0.438 ± 0.018), we present a sample of high-z NLS1 candidates having FWHM of Mg ii < 2000 km s−1. The high-z sample contains 2684 NLS1s with redshift z = 0.8–2.5 with a median logarithmic bolometric luminosity of 46.16 ± 0.42 erg s−1, logarithmic black hole mass of 8.01 ± 0.35 M
⊙, and logarithmic Eddington ratio of 0.02 ± 0.27. The fraction of radio-detected high-z NLS1s is similar to that of the low-z NLS1s and SDSS DR14 quasars at a similar redshift range, and their radio luminosity is found to be strongly correlated with their black hole mass.
Vie et mort des offrandes à Délos
Authors: Prêtre Clarisse 
Published: March 2021

Souvent, on s’est intéressé aux objets recensés dans les inventaires de Délos en suivant une perspective synchronique et en les considérant comme des éléments figés par leur dédicace à une divinité : le fait que ces objets soient apportés par les pèlerins qui venaient prier les dieux de l’île, puis qu’ils soient consignés sur des stèles de marbre, semblait leur conférer de facto une dimension sacrée. Cette invariabilité supposée des offrandes ne doit cependant pas masquer le caractère bien tangible des artefacts qui, au gré des manipulations à l’intérieur des temples, mais aussi en raison du ravage des années, voient leur aspect originel évoluer dans le sens d’une dégradation naturelle. Cette altération matérielle contredit le caractère sacré inaltérable des dédicaces. Plutôt que d’envisager une fois encore les offrandes du temps de leur splendeur, c’est à partir de leur vieillissement qu’on étudiera leur destin face à l’usure inéluctable : on verra ainsi que tous les objets enregistrés dans les catalogues ne subissent pas le même traitement et que les administrateurs sacrés doivent affronter des problèmes de gestion bien concrets de la désuétude des offrandes.
Peindre et repeindre sur terre cuite en Grèce hellénistique
Authors: Bourgeois Brigitte , Jeammet Violaine 
Published: March 2021

Originellement peintes et/ou dorées, les figurines en terre cuite grecques ont parfois été repeintes avant d’être ensevelies ou détruites. L’article s’attache à cette question encore méconnue et présente les recherches menées sur deux statuettes d’époque hellénistique conservées au Louvre : une Ménade (dite Dame Baillehache) de production attique, et un Éros de Priène (Asie mineure). L’étude menée en vidéo-microscopie éclaire la stratigraphie des repeints et montre comment, dans le cas de la Ménade, la forme plastique accidentée a été « réparée » au moyen de la peinture ; elle permet enfin de juger d’effets picturaux introduits aussi bien au stade initial que lors de la reprise de polychromie, visant à accentuer les jeux d’ombres et de lumières.
Étude de colorants d’une offrande textile (Y16) exceptionnelle, découverte sur le site de Cahuachi (culture Nasca)
Authors: Boucherie Nathalie , Nowik Witold , Cardon Dominique 
Published: March 2021

En 1998, une offrande textile exceptionnelle a été découverte sur le site majeur de la culture Nasca : Cahuachi. Soixante-trois ballots textiles y avaient été enterrés ensemble. Ces paquets renfermaient principalement des vêtements cérémoniels, dont les lisières étaient très souvent ornées d’éléments de décor confectionnés avec des fils teints de plusieurs couleurs. Vingt et un objets textiles ont été sélectionnés afin de mener une étude approfondie sur les colorants employés en teinture pour réaliser les décors polychromes de ces textiles somptueux. Elle met en lumière un choix limité de colorants préparés à partir de sources végétales : le bleu des Indigofera, le rouge des Galium et le jaune, probablement de l’espèce Salix humboldtiana, ainsi que leurs mélanges binaires. Quelques colorants particuliers, comme le violet d’indigo, le noir contenant de l’acide ellagique ou un jaune à flavonoïdes provenant d’une source végétale non identifiée, ont aussi été mis en évidence.
La restauration des antiques dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle : à propos de la restauration du Mars d’Orsay (musée du Louvre) par Thomas Jenkins
Authors: Szewczyk Martin 
Published: March 2021

La statue connue sous le nom de Mars d’Orsay, conservée au Louvre, a fait récemment l’objet d’une restauration. Celle-ci fut l’occasion, en s’appuyant sur la correspondance du marchand Thomas Jenkins, d’un réexamen et d’une meilleure compréhension des restaurations anciennes de la sculpture. À partir de ce cas d’étude, cet article entend étudier la manière dont les interventions de restauration prennent de l’importance, non seulement pour la communauté scientifique, mais également dans la relation établie entre un marchand et son ou ses clients. À ce titre, un réexamen de la correspondance entre Thomas Jenkins et le célèbre collectionneur et amateur Charles Townley permet de mettre en lumière, dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle, des attitudes particulières vis-à-vis de la restauration des sculptures antiques, et de replacer ainsi le cas du Mars d’Orsay dans le développement plus général de son histoire.
Two Human Monoclonal HLA-Reactive Antibodies Cross-React with Mamu-B*008, a Rhesus Macaque MHC Allotype Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication
Authors: de Groot Natasja G. , Heijmans Corrine M. C. , Bezstarosti Suzanne , Bruijnesteijn Jesse , Haasnoot Geert W. , Mulder Arend , Claas Frans H. J. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Bontrop Ronald E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MHC class I molecules play an important role in adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens. These molecules are highly polymorphic, and many allotypes have been characterized. In a transplantation setting, a mismatch between MHC allotypes may initiate an alloimmune response. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, Mamu) are valuable as a preclinical model species in transplantation research as well as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccine candidates. In both lines of research, the availability of nonhuman primate MHC-reactive mAbs may enable in vitro monitoring and detection of presence of particular Mamu molecules. In this study, we screened a collection of thoroughly characterized HLA class I–specific human mAbs for cross-reactivity with rhesus macaque MHC class I allotypes. Two mAbs, OK4F9 and OK4F10, recognize an epitope that is defined by isoleucine (I) at amino acid position 142 that is present on the Indian rhesus macaque Mamu-B*008:01 allotype, which is an allotype known to be associated with elite control of SIV replication. The reactive pattern of a third mAb, MUS4H4, is more complex and includes an epitope shared on Mamu-A2*05:01 and -B*001:01–encoded Ags. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of human HLA-reactive mAbs that can recognize Mamu allotypes, and these can be useful tools for in vitro monitoring the presence of the relevant allelic products. Moreover, OK4F9 and OK4F10 can be powerful mAbs for application in SIV-related research.
Role of WT1, B-cell lymphoma 2, Ki-67 (Mib1), and Her2/Neu as diagnostic and prognostic immunomarkers in ovarian serous and endometroid carcinoma
Authors: Mondal Santosh Kumar , Basak Bijan , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Panda Utpal Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Ovarian cancer is the fifth common cause of death due to cancer in women. It constitutes 3% of all cancers in females and 15%–20% of genital malignancy. Most of the ovarian cancers are serous type followed by the endometrioid type. Sometimes, glands of these two carcinomas are indistinguishable histologically. It also becomes difficult to differentiate these two types when they are poorly differentiated.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to find differences in immunomarker expressions between serous and endometrioid carcinomas and the association of their staining patterns with other clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Materials and Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining for WT1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Ki67 (MIB1), and Her2/Neu were done in paraffin-embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed 38 cases of ovarian serous and endometrioid carcinomas and staining patterns were correlated with other clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Results:
Of these 38 cases (21 serous and 17 endometrioid), 24 cases were in Stage I/II and 14 cases Stage III/IV. On the other hand, 16 cases were in low grade, 12 cases intermediate grade, and 10 cases high grade. Twenty of 21 serous carcinomas were strongly positive for WT1, whereas most of the endometrioid carcinomas were negative. Ki67 (MIB1) labeling index and Her2/Neu were higher in both higher grade and stages. On the contrary, the intensity of Bcl2 staining was lower in higher grades and stages lesions.

Conclusions:
The use of WT1 may be useful in resolving diagnostic dilemma between serous and endometrioid carcinoma, especially in difficult cases. Ki67, Bcl2, and Her2/Neu may be used as prognostic markers.
Choosing a career in radiation oncology in India
Authors: Mukherjee Anindya , Manir Kazi Sazzad , Basu Praloy , Mallik Suman , Goswami Jyotirup 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Radiation oncology in India is much debated as a career option to take up. This survey among young radiation oncologists (YROs), the first of its kind, attempts to assess the career expectations and concerns that affect most of us.

Materials and Methods:
This survey was conducted using the online survey tool of SurveyMonkey in October 2018. The Association of Radiation Oncologists of India (AROI) members' database was used to send the survey link over E-mail to recipients (AROI life member after 2004).

Results:
Out of 1685 invitees, 492 (29.19%) recipients took the survey. Most (69.14%) of the respondents were males who worked as senior residents and junior consultants and employed in private hospitals and state-level teaching institutes. Postspecialization (MD/DNB) experience was mostly <3 years (56.52%). Most of YROs worked in Tier-I city (48.9%) mostly in telecobalt-based facilities. Most of our respondents (73.01%) aspired to work in academic teaching hospital/research institute, and the primary concern was academics/research (39.88%) followed by income (23.31%). There was a similar distribution of respondents with respect to their desire to shift to medical oncology. There was marked dissatisfaction over remuneration, job openings, job security, and poor scope of career improvement. 56.50% of respondents believed that they need to move abroad to improve their quality of life. However, 76.69% of respondents still felt very passionate about their professional choice. Finally, 61.97% of professionals believed that this survey will correctly reflect the present scenario among YROs.

Conclusions:
The survey portrays a mixed picture as expected. Major policy changes are required to improve the infrastructure and job opportunities of this profession.
Editorial
Authors: Kavčič Jerneja 
Published: March 2021

In May 2018, the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts hosted the first conference in the series A Glimpse into Greek Linguistics. Its purpose was to shed light on aspects of synchronic and diachronic research on Greek and to promote the study of this language in Slovenia. The second conference was included in the program of festival “On Mt. Olympus” — a nine-month series of cultural and research events dedicated to Ancient Greek ideas and technological achievements — and was one of the main events of the festival. A result of the efforts for the in-depth study of Greek in Slovenia is also the present international issue of the journal Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca, which contains contributions by six participants from the second conference.