bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic effect of carbohydrate derivatives of digitoxigenin involves modulation of plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase
Authors: Valadares Jéssica Martins de Moura , Bajaj Sumit O. , Li Hongyan , Wang Hua‐Yu L. , Silva Simone Cavalcante , Garcia Israel José Pereira , Pereira Duane Gischewiski , Azalim Pedro , Quintas Luis Eduardo Menezes , Noël François , Cortes Vanessa Faria , O'Doherty George Augustine , Barbosa Leandro Augusto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiac glycosides, such as digoxin and digitoxin, are compounds that interact with Na+/K+‐ATPase to induce anti‐neoplastic effects; however, these cardiac glycosides have narrow therapeutic index. Thus, semi‐synthetic analogs of digitoxin with modifications in the sugar moiety has been shown to be an interesting approach to obtain more selective and more effective analogs than the parent natural product. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potential of novel digitoxigenin derivatives, digitoxigenin‐α‐L‐rhamno‐pyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin‐α‐L‐amiceto‐pyranoside (2), in cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and human diploid lung fibroblasts (Wi‐26‐VA4). In addition, we studied the anticancer mechanisms of action of these compounds by comparing its cytotoxic effects with the potential to modulate the activity of three P‐type ATPases; Na+/K+‐ATPase, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA), and plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA). Briefly, the results showed that compounds 1 and 2 were more cytotoxic and selectivity for HeLa tumor cells than the nontumor cells Wi‐26‐VA4. While the anticancer cytotoxicity in HeLa cells involves the modulation of Na+/K+‐ATPase, PMCA and SERCA, the modulation of these P‐type ATPases was completely absent in Wi‐26‐VA4 cells, which suggest the importance of their role in the cytotoxic effect of compounds 1 and 2 in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the compound 2 inhibited directly erythrocyte ghosts PMCA and both compounds were more cytotoxic than digitoxin in HeLa cells. These results provide a better understanding of the mode of action of the synthetic cardiac glycosides and highlights 1 and 2 as potential anticancer agents.
CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 serum levels increase in syphilitic patients with seroresistance
Authors: Dong Xiaoyan , Zhang Junwu , Yang Fangfang , Liu Jinlin , Peng Yumeng , Ge Yumei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the rise of syphilitic seroresistance brings great confusion to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of syphilis, and no clear diagnostic marker has been found to distinguish syphilitic seroresistance from other progression of syphilis. This study evaluated the serum chemokines levels of CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 and its correlation with blood routine, coagulation, and biochemical indexes in seroresistant syphilitic patients.MethodSerum levels of chemokines were quantitatively determined by Flow Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). The results expressed in pg/ml. Clinical parameters were detected and analyzed according to the clinical laboratory standards. A correlation analysis was subsequently performed.ResultsThe seroresistant syphilitic patients increased significantly serum chemokines levels of CXCL8 (***p < 0.001), CXCL9 (***p < 0.001), and CXCL10 (**p < 0.01) when compared to noninfected individuals, but the CCL2 was not statistically significant, and serum CXCL8 shows a strong association with platelets (r = 0.51, **p = 0.004) and serum CXCL10 was significantly positively related to INR levels (r = 0.49, **p = 0.007).ConclusionIncreasing serum abnormalities in CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 level combining with platelets of peripheral blood and plasmatic INR in syphilis patients may be helpful for the diagnosis of serofast state.
Factors affecting dental students’ postgraduate plans: A multi‐site study
Authors: Harrison James L. , Platia Christina L. , Ferreira Leticia , Soh Margaret , Bugueño Juan M. , Thompson Tammy L. , Quock Ryan L. , Finkelman Matthew , Uzel Naciye G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis multi‐site study examined dental students’ postgraduate plans and factors affecting them, perceptions of pathways with the best future, and whether those postgraduate plans changed during dental school.MethodsAn online survey was made available to all four dental classes (2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021) and advanced standing/international dental students at eight US dental schools. The survey questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) 14 questions pertaining to demographic information and (2) 11 questions pertaining to career path choices and possible influencing factors.ResultsOverall response rate was approximately 38.4% (1459/3800). For those responding 34.0% planned to enroll in a general dentistry residency, followed by associate dentist in a private practice (31.4%), and specialty residency (17.6%). Quality of life, to increase knowledge/clinical skills, and intellectual satisfaction were most often rated extremely important factors; Influence of family members in dentistry and prestigious specialty received the most responses of not important. General dentistry was perceived to have the best future in terms of overall impact on the profession, potential for positive impact on patient's quality of life, and personal quality of life; oral and maxillofacial surgery was believed to have the best future in terms of salary. Students changed their postgraduate plan during dental school 43.0% of the time, with race (p = 0.006) and year of progress toward degree (p < 0.001) being significant associations.ConclusionsGeneral dentistry remains the most popular pathway. Many dental students change their plans during dental school; a better understanding of these trends and contributing factors may aid development of practice readiness curricula.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of thiophene‐, piperazine‐, and thiazolidinone‐based hybrids as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Rupala Yogesh M. , Khasiya Ashvinkumar G. , Shah Keyur N. , Pandit Unnat P. , Khedkar Vijay M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacteria exacerbates the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria that cause common or serious infections have evolved resistance to every new antibiotic that has been introduced into the market, to varying degrees, over several decades. Faced with this reality, one of society's most urgent needs is for new antimicrobial drugs with novel mechanisms of action. With this objective, we describe here the development of a novel set of compounds including piperazine‐ and thiophene‐based thiazolidinones(5a–i)and thiophene‐thiazolidinones(6a–i). Compounds(5a–i)and(6a–i)were developed, synthesized, and tested for their antimicrobial activity, and their structures were elucidated with the help of various analytical techniques. Compounds5aand5dshowed excellent antibacterial efficacy againstPseudomonas aeruginosa, with MICs of 50 μg/ml, whereas compounds6cand6eshowed similar potency againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli, respectively. The antifungal efficacy of compounds5eand6iagainstCandida albicanswas outstanding (MIC = 50 μg/ml). The only compound that had excellent antifungal efficacy againstAspergillus nigerwas compound5e(MIC = 50 μg/ml). The chemico‐in silico‐biology approach could provide valuable insights into the potential of this novel hybridized scaffold for the development of promising antimicrobial agents.
The systemic characterization of aptamer cocktail for bacterial detection studied by graphene oxide‐based fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptasensor
Authors: Li Baichang , Feng Dongwei , Miao Yunfei , Liang Xuewang , Gu Le , Lan Hongying , Gao Shimeng , Zhang Yaxi , Deng Yulin , Geng Lina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAptamers have gained significant attention as the molecular recognition element to replace antibodies in sensor development and target delivery. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that unlike the wide application of polyvalent antibodies, existing researches on the combined use of heterologous aptamers with similar recognition affinity and specificity for target detection were sporadic. Herein, first, the wide existence of polyaptamer for bacteria was revealed through the summary of existing literature. Furthermore, based on the establishment of a sensitive aptamer cocktail/graphene oxide fluorescence resonance energy transfer polyaptasensor with a detection limit as low as 10 CFU/ml, the systemic characterization of aptamer cocktails in bacterial detection was carried out by taking E. coli, Vi. parahemolyticus, S. typhimurium, and C. sakazakii as the assay targets. It was turned out that the polyaptasensors for C. sakazakii and S. typhimurium owned prevalence in the broader concentration range of target bacteria. While the polyaptasensors for E. coli and V. parahemolyticus outperformed monoaptasensor mainly in the lower concentration of target bacteria. The linear relationships between fluorescence recovery and the concentration of bacteria were also discussed. The different characteristics of the bacterial cellular membrane, including the binding affinity and the robustness to variation, are analyzed to be the main reason for the diverse detection performance of aptasensors. The study here enhances a sensor detection strategy with super sensitivity. More importantly, this systemic study on the aptamer cocktail in reference to antibodies will advance the in‐depth understanding and rational design of aptamer based biological recognition, detection, and targeting.
Estimating the uncertainty of Australian area‐average temperature anomalies
Authors: Grainger Simon , Fawcett Robert , Trewin Blair , Jones David , Braganza Karl , Jovanovic Branislava , Martin David , Smalley Robert , Webb Vanessa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn important metric for communicating the context and impact of climate change is regionally or nationally averaged temperature anomalies. Quantifying the associated uncertainty adds confidence in the reporting of temperature records and trends. For area‐averaged temperature anomalies derived from point‐source observations we model the uncertainty by a three‐step process: (1) observation random error; (2) spatial analysis grid point uncertainty; and (3) area‐average uncertainty. Each step should reflect the method used to calculate the area average. For Australian area‐average temperature anomalies, the observation random error is modelled as the sum of the sampling uncertainty and the uncertainty in the adjustment process. Daily maximum and minimum temperature time series from the 104 non‐urban locations of the Australian Climate Observation Reference Network—Surface Air Temperature (ACORN‐SAT) version 2 dataset for 1981–2010 are used to estimate the sampling uncertainty, based on predicted location pair zero‐distance correlations having values of less than 1.0. ACORN‐SAT version 2 breakpoint information is used to estimate the uncertainty from the selection of reference stations used in the detection and homogenization processes. Monthly area‐average temperature uncertainty is estimated for the 1910–2018 period from Monte Carlo simulations using the observation uncertainty and the available ACORN‐SAT network for each month. The uncertainty in annual area‐average temperature anomalies is then obtained from the monthly uncertainties and inter‐month correlations modelled with a periodic auto‐regressive model. The ±2σ annual mean temperature area‐average uncertainty is ±0.084°C in 2018 and ± 0.176°C in 1910. The larger value in 1910 is primarily due to decreased ACORN‐SAT coverage over areas of inland Australia. The Australian annual mean temperature change and associated uncertainty from ACORN‐SAT version 2 over 1910–2018 is found to be 1.42 ± 0.28°C. This is consistent with global air temperature warming by around 1°C since 1850.
Vulnerability of an arid zone coastal wetland landscape to sea level rise and intense storms
Authors: Lovelock Catherine E. , Reef Ruth , Masqué Pere 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArid zone coastal wetlands provide disproportionally important ecosystem services due to their relatively high levels of productivity relative to adjacent terrestrial systems. However, these wetlands are vulnerable to sea level rise as sediments needed for vertical accretion are limited. In order to assess the processes important for vertical accretion in arid zone coastal wetlands, we assessed vertical accretion across an arid zone wetland landscape in Western Australia. We found that overall coastal wetlands were declining in elevation at −0.18 mm yr−1 (± standard error 0.12 mm yr−1). Vertical accretion in mangroves was evident in years of high mean sea level, but this was insufficient to counteract shallow subsidence. The high intertidal cyanobacterial mat and salt flat zones were eroding, particularly in years of high rainfall. We observed retreat of the seaward mangrove fringe associated with tree mortality caused by cyclones, but we also observed recruitment of mangroves onto the high intertidal cyanobacterial mat zone, attributed to higher sea levels. Our study found complexity in the factors causing landscape change across the intertidal zone, where variation in sea level, intense storms, and other climatic and biotic factors interact.
Soliton Burst and Bi‐Directional Switching in the Platform with Positive Thermal‐Refractive Coefficient Using an Auxiliary Laser
Authors: Zhao Yanjing , Chen Liao , Zhang Chi , Wang Weiqiang , Hu Hao , Wang Ruolan , Wang Xinyu , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent , Zhang Wenfu , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators enable the generation of stable ultrashort pulses and phase‐locked frequency combs, leading to their widespread applications. For traditional platforms with positive thermal‐refractive coefficient, strong thermal effect increases the difficulties of soliton triggering and prohibits the deterministic control of soliton number. Here, using an auxiliary laser to tune thermal effect, soliton burst and bi‐directional switching are demonstrated in high‐index doped silica glass platform. First, by varying the parameters of the auxiliary laser, the thermal effect tuning of the microresonator is studied with different thermal compensation states achieved, leading to distinct soliton switching features. Especially, the solitons burst and bi‐directional switch in over‐compensated state. The corresponding process is recorded in real time based on a temporal magnification system, uncovering transient dynamics from continuum background noise to soliton formation. Finally, the deterministic generation of solitons is enabled with controllable soliton number spanning from 1 to 21. The present work provides insight into soliton dynamics and enables soliton generation on demand with a large range of soliton numbers inside a single device.
Ionic Transport and Thermodynamic Interaction in Precision Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Kim Kyoungmin , Nguyen Nam , Marxsen Stephanie F. , Smith Sage , Alamo Rufina G. , Kennemur Justin G. , Hallinan Daniel T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes are of interest for use with advanced battery electrodes such as lithium metal, but achieving sufficiently high conductivity has been challenging. In this work, a model system containing charged sites that are precisely spaced along the polymer backbone is explored. Precision sulfonated poly(4‐phenylcyclopentene) lithium salt (p5PhS‐Li) with a high degree of sulfonation (> 90%) is synthesized and blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to investigate the thermodynamic and transport properties. Melting point depression is measured via differential scanning calorimetry, ionic conductivity,κ, is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the fraction of current carried by Li+is estimated based on steady‐state current measurements. In conjunction with a density measurement, melting point depression is used to find an effective Flory–Huggins interaction parameter,χeff=   − 0.21, suggesting miscibility of the blend.κspans a large range from 2 × 10−11to 2 × 10−7S cm−1over the composition and temperature range investigated. The fraction of charge carried by lithium ions also spans a significant range from 0.12 in majority PEO blend to 0.98 in majorityp5PhS‐Li blend. This study addresses several limitations of sulfonated polystyrene and opens up the possibility of precisely controlling the spacing of other anion types.
Enhancement of Electrochromic Switching Properties with Tröger's Base‐Derived Intrinsic Microporous Polyamide Films
Authors: Pai Min‐Hao , Hu Chien‐Chieh , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe formation of Tröger's Base (TB) configuration is a useful approach to synthesize polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM). Herein, the V‐shaped TB scaffold is incorporated to prepare electrochromic (EC) polyamide with electroactive triphenylamine (TPA) moiety. The presence of intrinsic microporosity derived from inefficient packing of TB scaffolds can facilitate the counterions diffusion between electroactive species and electrolytes. Consequently, the resulting TB‐based polyamide exhibits enhanced EC behaviors, such as a lower driving potential, reduced the difference of redox potentials ΔE, and shorter switching response time compared to the corresponding EC counterpart polyamide.
Increasing Coastal and Continental Shelf Water Temperatures Influence the Start of the Glass Eel Fishery and Recruitment Abundance for American Eels in Atlantic Coastal Nova Scotia
Authors: Jessop B. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect on fish life history of warming oceanic water temperatures is a modern concern. Warming coastal and continental shelf sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were examined for their effect on the arrival of American Eel Anguilla rostrata glass eels to coastal waters as represented by the start of commercial elver fisheries along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Elver fishery start dates were significantly earlier for a group of three rivers along the coast southwest of centrally located Halifax and for a northeastern group of two rivers. Between 1996 and 2020, fishery start dates became earlier by about 26 d for the southwestern river group and by about 34 d for the northeastern group. Progressively earlier starts to elver runs and associated commercial fisheries have implications for fisheries management when fixed fishing seasons become mismatched with run timing. Coastal and continental shelf SSTs were significantly higher for the southwestern river group than for the northeastern river group. Fishery start dates were significantly correlated with coastal and continental shelf SSTs only for the southwestern river group and not for the northeastern river group. The annual elver index for the East River, Chester, increased significantly between 1996 and 2018 and was significantly correlated with coastal and continental shelf SSTs, suggesting that increasing oceanic water temperatures influence glass eel recruitment. Elver relative condition had no significant effect on elver recruitment and was not affected by continental shelf SSTs.
Benefits and challenges of nanomaterials in assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Silva José Roberto Viana , Barroso Pedro Alves Aguiar , Nascimento Danisvânia Ripardo , Figueira Ciro Siqueira , Azevedo Venância Antonia Nunes , Silva Bianca R. , Santos Ricardo Pires dos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) have contributed to preserve fertility in humans and to increase multiplication of genetically superior animals. Despite being highly practiced worldwide, ART presents some challenges, especially because gametes and embryos are kept in vitro for a variable period of time, and the oxidative stress in vitro can have negative impact on oocyte competence and embryo development. Nanotechnology needs to be considered to help overcome some of those impairments, since it can provide strategies to deliver antioxidants and hormones to gametes and embryos in vitro. The application of nanotechnology to ART can allow the development of new protocols using nanomaterials to improve in vitro oocyte competence and embryo production. This review discusses the applicability of nanomaterials to improve sperm selection, to deliver antioxidants and hormones to preantral follicles, oocytes, and embryos in vitro, as well as the concerns about using nanotechnology in ART.
The numerical simulation of the mechanical failure behavior of shear thickening fluid/fiber composites: A review
Authors: Zhang Xingteng , Yan Ruosi , Zhang Qianyu , Jia Lixia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study reveals the finite element modeling of mechanical failure behavior of shear thickening fluid (STF)/fiber composites under impact. Numerical analysis and finite element modeling of the rheological properties of non‐Newtonian fluid, STF are introduced. This review summarizes the model coupling methods in finite element modeling and the mechanical failure behavior prediction models of STF/fiber composites under impact. Further, the influencing factors on the accuracy of mechanical failure simulation models are analyzed. Factors such as the friction between fibers, shear rate, filler particles in the fibers, hysteresis effect and the boundary conditions should be considered in simulating the shear thickening effect of the composites.
Expanding the family of extracellular chaperones: Identification of human plasma proteins with chaperone activity
Authors: Geraghty Nicholas J. , Satapathy Sandeep , Kelly Megan , Cheng Flora , Lee Albert , Wilson Mark R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProteostasis, the balance of protein synthesis, folding and degradation, is essential to maintain cellular function and viability, and the many known intracellular chaperones are recognized as playing key roles in sustaining life. In contrast, the identity of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones (ECs) and their physiological roles in extracellular proteostasis is less completely understood. We designed and implemented a novel strategy, based on the well‐known propensity of chaperones to bind to regions of hydrophobicity exposed on misfolding proteins, to discover new ECs present in human blood. We used a destabilized protein that misfolds at 37°C as “bait” to bind to potential ECs in human serum and captured the complexes formed on magnetic beads. Proteins eluted from the beads were identified by mass spectrometry and a group of seven abundant serum proteins was selected for in vitro analysis of chaperone activity. Five of these proteins were shown to specifically inhibit protein aggregation. Vitronectin and plasminogen activator‐3 inhibited both the in vitro aggregation of the Alzheimer's β peptide (Aβ1–42) to form fibrillar amyloid, and the aggregation of citrate synthase (CS) to form unstructured (amorphous) aggregates. In contrast, prothrombin, C1r, and C1s inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1–42 but did not inhibit CS aggregation. This study thus identified five novel and abundant putative ECs which may play important roles in the maintenance of extracellular proteostasis, and which apparently have differing abilities to inhibit the amorphous and amyloid‐forming protein aggregation pathways.