bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified deep belief network based human emotion recognition with multiscale features from video sequences
Authors: Sreenivas Velagapudi , Namdeo Varsha , Vijay Kumar Eda 
Published: February 2021

SummaryEmotion recognition from human faces are recently considered as growing topic for the applications in HCI (human–computer interaction) field. Therefore, a new framework is introduced in this method for emotion recognition from video. Human faces may carry huge features which increase the complexity of recognizing the emotions from the give video. Therefore, to minimize such defect, the wrapper based feature selection technique is introduced which reduce the complexity of proposed recognition framework. Initially, the frames from the input video is preprocessed. Next, the features exhibited by each emotions are extracted with geometric and local binary pattern‐based feature extraction methods. Then, the features that reduce the performance of recognition technique is avoided using a feature selection algorithm. It selects the features that provides effective result on recognition process. Finally, the selected features are provided to deep belief network (DBN) for emotion recognition. The weight parameter selection of DBN is improved using an efficient Harris Hawk optimization algorithm. The performance of presented architecture is evaluated using a three different datasets they are FAMED, CK+, and MMI. The overall rate shown by proposed architecture is found better than existing methods. Furthermore, the precision, recall, and specificity are also evaluated for six different emotions (angry, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise) in this proposed method. This entire emotion recognition process is implemented in Python platform.
Synthesis and Properties of a Starch‐based Clay Tolerance Sacrificial Agent
Authors: Li Bin , Gao Ruijun , Wang Ling 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor improving the workability of clay‐containing cement paste superplasticized by polycarboxylate ether (PCE), a new starch‐based sacrificial agent is synthesized in the following two steps: first, the starch is sulfonated to obtain sulfonated starch (SS) with a strong steric effect, which is verified through its dispersion performance; then, SS is quaternized to obtain starch‐based sacrificial agent (SSB). The structure of SSB is characterized by FT‐IR and element analysis. Montmorillonite (MMT), as the most detrimental clay, strongly perturbs the dispersing power of conventional PCE. Therefore, the MMT‐tolerance property of SSB is tested. With the addition of 0.02 wt.% SSB, the fluidity of MMT‐containing cement paste is increased from 191.5 to 222 mm and the rheological property of MMT‐containing cement paste is improved by reducing the yield stress and the flow index (τ0 and n in Herschel‐Bulkley model). Adsorption experiments, DLS, and XRD are used for explaining SSB's clay‐tolerance mechanism. Adsorption experiments show that the cationic group enhanced the interaction between MMT and SSB; DLS and XRD demonstrated that SSB is adsorbed on MMT through electrostatic attraction and could hinder the interaction between PCE and MMT by its high steric effect.
Study of collinear cracks in a composite medium subjected to time‐harmonic wave disturbance
Authors: Trivedi Neha , Das Subir , Altenbach Holm 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article deals with the collinear Griffith cracks under the time‐harmonic waves, situated in an orthotropic strip sandwiched between two identical half‐planes. The outer cracks are considered to be situated on either sides of the central crack. The mathematical model is solved by applying the Fourier transform and then the unknown functions have been determined using Schmidt method. The approximate analytical expressions of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) have been obtained at the tips of the cracks. The values of the SIFs for the considered composite with Graphite epoxy material as the strip and E‐glass epoxy as the half‐plane are computed numerically for different crack lengths and wave numbers, and the obtained results are displayed graphically. The salient feature of the article is the pictorial presentations of the possibilities of arrest of the central crack due to the presence of outer cracks through finding the stress magnification factor for different particular cases.
Introduction
Authors: Parsons Meg , Fisher Karen , Crease Roa Petra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFreshwater is essential to the health and wellbeing of both human and ecological communities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the freshwater systems are affected by ongoing degradation directly connected to human activities over the last two centuries. Recently scholars have begun to question the efficacy of established management approaches, the extent to which current land-use practices are to blame and whether continued environmental decline in our waterways is inevitable. The continued degradation of freshwater systems under conventional management approaches necessitates a rethinking of how freshwater systems are governed, managed, and restored. In this introductory chapter we explore the origins of the freshwater crisis (a manifestation of multiple environmental injustices) within a single freshwater system: the Waipā River (Te Waipā o Awa).
Remaking Muddy Blue Spaces: Histories of Human-Wetlands Interactions in the Waipā River and the Creation of Environmental Injustices
Authors: Parsons Meg , Fisher Karen , Crease Roa Petra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter focusses on the state-sponsored ecological transformation of Aotearoa New Zealand’s wetlands into grasslands under the auspices of settler colonialism, agricultural productivism, and public health. The physical removal of wetlands, we argue, were a constitutive part of the mechanisms of settler colonial domination. We demonstrate how the destruction of wetlands diminished the resilience of Indigenous Māori communities and contributed to a reduction in Māori wellbeing. We demonstrate that wetland loss was an environmental injustice that had specific implications for Māori peoples due to their material, socio-cultural, and spiritual connections. Lastly, we highlight how Māori agency whereby individuals used settler-colonial political and legal processes to try to mitigate damage to their wetlands, to exercise their responsibilities as kaitiaki (environmental guardians) and demand environmental justice.
Introduction
Authors: Long William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany scholars have wondered if a non-Western theory of international politics founded on different premises, be it from Asia or from the “Global South,” could release international relations from the grip of a Western, “Westphalian” model in which self-interest (and opposition to the other) and system anarchy treat conflict and violence as natural and ethical behavior among states. As part of the emergent literature in Global International Relations, this monograph suggests that a Buddhist approach to international relations could provide a genuine alternative. Because of its distinctive philosophical positions and its unique understanding of reality, human nature, and political behavior, a Buddhist theory of IR offers a means for transcending the Westphalian predicament. This chapter situates a Buddhist approach to international relations within the sweep of traditional and recent international relations theory. It then outlines the subsequent chapters of the monograph that address the philosophical foundations of Buddhist IR; Buddha’s ideas about politics, economics, and statecraft; and the manifestations of Buddhist political principles in practice, one ancient and one modern, that illustrate this alternative approach.
Principles and Techniques of Exodontia
Authors: Jain Anuj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDental extraction is a routinely carried out procedure in any dental set up. Even after the tremendous progress in the fields of preventive and restorative dentistry, exodontia remains to be a vital procedure. The increase in the public awareness regarding retaining their natural teeth has made exodontia an even more challenging procedure as more extractions are being carried out in elderly patients. With the increasing average age, the difficulty and complexity of the extraction procedure increases.This chapter exhibits the general overview of the challenging procedure called exodontia highlighting its various aspects like indications, contraindications, complications, etc. with a special mention about the procedure to be carried out in different scenarios and various technological advances in exodontia.
Rhinoplasty
Authors: Nasser Nasir A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe nose occupies the centre of the face and receives enormous attention as a key aesthetic element. It is also an important organ contributing to vital functions of breathing and olfaction. A nose with ideal proportions creates a harmonious balance of aesthetic and psychological wellness. Whilst a rhinoplasty can significantly improve the quality of life of patients, there may be associated complications and undesirable outcomes. It is imperative that the surgeon desiring to practise the art and science of rhinoplasty should be familiar with the essential basics before embarking on this journey.
Human Factors Recognition to Enhance Team Working and Safer Patient Care
Authors: Brennan Peter A. , Oeppen Rachel S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman error and organisational mistakes are a significant cause of morbidity for patients. It is important to recognise and address human factors (HF) in the context of our own performance optimisation, enhancing team working to improve patient safety, and better working lives for clinicians across surgery and medicine.
De Novo Practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Reddy Srinivas Gosla , Acharya Avni Pandey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOral and maxillofacial surgery is a bridge between medicine and dentistry and the debate of pursuing a dual degree is a hot to trot topic worldwide, new residents should always weigh their abilities and focus on additional training in respective fields to improve their expertise. The experience of starting a practice in the scenario where more than 100-150 amateur oral surgeons are competing seems to be scary. The chapter deals with the problems faced by new surgeons in establishing their practice along with the solution to thrive in this competitive world. The chapter also emphasizes on the process of planning and setting up of a maxillofacial hospital along with the art of management of finances to guide the new surgeons.
Management of Soft Tissue Injuries in the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Datarkar Abhay , Tayal Shikha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoft tissue injuries of head and neck are the most common injuries encountered by the maxillofacial surgeons during their clinical practice. Therefore, one must have a sound knowledge of the various types, their mechanisms of injuries and most importantly, the management of the same. This chapter discusses the classification system of all types of soft tissue injuries, and focuses on the principles of management of different types of the injuries, with emphasis on their mechanism and healing process. Numerous figures, box diagrams and case scenarios are added to make the chapter interesting and provide real time information about the topic. A special note on necrotizing fasciitis, one of the most challenging infections in the head and neck region has also been mentioned along with information about wound dressings. Recent advances in the management of soft tissue injuries like use of growth factors, bioengineered skin substitutes and stem cell therapy are enumerated for the readers to encourage them about futuristic approaches. The authors hope that the readership attains a holistic knowledge about various aspects of the soft tissue injuries and their management.
Cleft Lip
Authors: Shetty Pritham N. , Chauhan Jaideep Singh , Patil Mamatha , Aggarwal Neha , Rao Dipesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany techniques exist at present for surgical repair of primary cleft lip. Since the introduction of Millard, most of the techniques are based on Millard’s Rotation advancement principle. However, every cleft surgeon aims to modify his/her technique to achieve optimum symmetry and function of the nose and lip. In this chapter, we have presented the principles of lip repair followed at our centre based on the very principles of Millard. We have also discussed embryology and anatomy from a surgical pint of view so as to understand the anatomic basis if cleft surgery.
Renormalization group equations of Higgs-R2 inflation
Authors: Ema Yohei , Mukaida Kyohei , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We derive one- and two-loop renormalization group equations (RGEs) of Higgs-R2 inflation. This model has a non-minimal coupling between the Higgs and the Ricci scalar and a Ricci scalar squared term on top of the standard model. The RGEs derived in this paper are valid as long as the energy scale of interest (in the Einstein frame) is below the Planck scale. We also discuss implications to the inflationary predictions and the electroweak vacuum metastability.
A New Moho Depth Model for Fennoscandia with Special Correction for the Glacial Isostatic Effect
Authors: Abrehdary M. , Sjöberg L. E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present a new Moho depth model in Fennoscandia and its surroundings. The model is tailored from data sets of XGM2019e gravitationl field, Earth2014 topography and seismic crustal model CRUST1.0 using the Vening Meinesz-Moritz model based on isostatic theory to a resolution of 1° × 1°. To that end, the refined Bouguer gravity disturbance is determined by reducing the observed field for gravity effect of topography, density heterogeneities related to bathymetry, ice, sediments, and other crustal components. Moreover, stripping of non-isostatic effects of gravity signals from mass anomalies below the crust due to crustal thickening/thinning, thermal expansion of the mantle, Delayed Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (DGIA), i.e., the effect of future GIA, and plate flexure has also been performed. As Fennoscandia is a key area for GIA research, we particularly investigate the DGIA effect on the gravity disturbance and gravimetric Moho depth determination in this area. One may ask whether the DGIA effect is sufficiently well removed in the application of the general non-isostatic effects in such an area, and to answer this question, the Moho depth is determined both with and without specific removal of the DGIA effect prior to non-isostatic effect and Moho depth determinations. The numerical results yield that the RMS difference of the Moho depth from our model HVMD19 vs. the seismic CRUST19 and GRAD09 models are 3.8/4.2 km and 3.7/4.0 km when the above strategy for removing the DGIA effect is/is not applied, respectively, and the mean value differences are 1.2/1.4 km and 0.98/1.4 km, respectively. Hence, our study shows that the specific correction for the DGIA effect on gravity disturbance is slightly significant, resulting in individual changes in the gravimetric Moho depth up to − 1.3 km towards the seismic results. On the other hand, our study shows large discrepancies between gravimetric and seismic Moho models along the Norwegian coastline, which might be due to uncompensated non-isostatic effects caused by tectonic motions.
Planetare Gesundheit – transformative Lehr- und Lernformate zur Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitskrise für Gesundheitsberufe
Authors: Wabnitz Katharina , Galle Sophia , Hegge Louise , Masztalerz Oskar , Schwienhorst-Stich Eva‑Maria , Eichinger Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Dringlichkeit der Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitskrise und ihre Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit rücken auch im deutschen Gesundheitswesen zunehmend in den Fokus. Um ein weiteres Fortschreiten der Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitskrise zu verhindern, sind tiefgreifende Transformationsprozesse in allen gesellschaftlichen Sektoren notwendig (z. B. Verkehr, Energieerzeugung, Ernährungssystem). Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe haben auf Basis ihrer ethischen Verpflichtung des Nichtschadens und ihrer guten Vertrauenswerte in der Gesellschaft das Potenzial, einen wichtigen Beitrag zu den notwendigen Transformationsprozessen zu leisten.Damit sie dieses Potenzial zur Gänze ausschöpfen können, sollten Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe im Rahmen ihrer Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung bei der Entwicklung von Kompetenzen begleitet werden, die zu transformativem Handeln befähigen. Wir führen in diesem Artikel in das Konzept der planetaren Gesundheit ein, das hierfür sowohl inhaltliche als auch ethische Orientierung gibt. Außerdem geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Lehr- und Lernformate und identifizieren Aspekte, die zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre im Bereich planetare Gesundheit beitragen könnten.
Prognostische Faktoren der arthroskopischen Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktion
Authors: Baum C. , Müller A. M. , Audigé L. , Stojanov T. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundRupturen der Rotatorenmanschette sind eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats. Die klinischen und strukturellen Ergebnisse nach einer arthroskopischen Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktion (ARCR) sind im Allgemeinen gut, aber hinsichtlich der großen Schwankungsbreite der postoperativen Resultate noch verbesserungsfähig.FragestellungZiel dieser Literaturübersicht ist es, einen Überblick über prognostische Faktoren zu geben, die das postoperative Ergebnis nach ARCR beeinflussen.Material und MethodenSystematische Reviews, welche prognostische Faktoren für das Outcome nach ARCR analysieren, wurden in diese Übersichtsarbeit eingeschlossen. Die Literatursuche erfolgte in den Datenbanken Embase, Medline (Ovid) und Scopus. In die Auswertung wurden nur prognostischen Faktoren eingeschlossen, welche in mindestens zwei Übersichtsarbeiten beschrieben wurden.ErgebnisseSieben systematische Reviews mit insgesamt 332 eingeschlossenen Artikeln wurden ausgewertet. Postoperative Ergebnisse waren Patientenzufriedenheit, Lebensqualität sowie funktionelle und strukturelle Ergebnisse. Sechzehn prognostische Faktoren wurden identifiziert und in patientenbezogene, rupturbezogene und behandlungsbezogene prognostische Faktoren untergliedert.SchlussfolgerungAnhand von patienten-, ruptur- und behandlungsbezogenen prognostischen Faktoren soll in Zukunft ein Vorhersagemodell erstellt werden können, um die individuellen Heilungschancen nach ARCR vorherzusagen und dem Patienten eine präzise Therapieempfehlung abgeben zu können.
Symbolic execution formally explained
Authors: de Boer Frank S. , Bonsangue Marcello 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a formal explanation of symbolic execution in terms of a symbolic transition system and prove its correctness and completeness with respect to an operational semantics which models the execution on concrete values.We first introduce a formalmodel for a basic programming languagewith a statically fixed number of programming variables. This model is extended to a programming language with recursive procedures which are called by a call-by-value parameter mechanism. Finally, we present a more general formal framework for proving the soundness and completeness of the symbolic execution of a basic object-oriented language which features dynamically allocated variables.
Error modelling–based machining sequence optimization of a pocketed beam milling: part A, end supported beam
Authors: Yao Shaoming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper, on the basis of error modelling, proved the optimal pocket machining sequences of a simply end supported pocketed beam using mathematic induction method. The optimal pocket machining sequence with the minimum pocket floor height error is the machining from both ends to the middle and the optimal sequence is not unique because of the symmetric supports about the central plane; meanwhile, the optimal pocket machining sequence with the minimum wall position error is the machining from the fixed end to the free end and the optimal machining sequence is unique. A beam of Al7075 (744 mm in length, 172 mm in width, and 100 in thickness ) with 9 pockets was used to demonstrate the optimal sequences. One of the optimal sequence with minimum floor height error was used in pocketing (roughing), and the maximum distortion was 0.693 mm in the middle and the maximum floor height error appeared on both sides rather than the middle, which were 0.477 mm and 0.388 mm, and part growth produced maximum wall position error was 0.719 mm. On the same part, further demonstrated the optimal sequence with minimum wall position error in finishing (with 1 mm dimension in stock for all surfaces) and the wall position errors were fully removed. The pocketed beam machining is a typical and representative case and the results and conclusion can be extended to pocketed plate/board machining and even surfacing.
Tödliche koronare Gasembolie nach Pulmonalvenenisolation – eine seltene Komplikation
Authors: Tank A. , Aissa J. , Ritz-Timme S. , Hartung B. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungVorhofflimmern und -flattern stellen in Deutschland die häufigsten anhaltenden Herzrhythmusstörungen dar und werden zunehmend mittels ablativer Verfahren minimal-invasiv behandelt. Als seltene Komplikation eines solchen Verfahrens stellt die vorliegende Kasuistik den Fall einer tödlich verlaufenen Gasembolie der rechten Koronararterie im Rahmen einer Pulmonalvenenisolation mittels Kryoablation vor. Als Ursache für die Gasembolie ist eine akzidentelle Perforation der Pulmonalvene bzw. des linken Vorhofs mit Punktion eines Bronchialastes anzunehmen. Die Bedeutung postmortaler bildgebender Verfahren in Ergänzung zur Obduktion mit Blick auf die Feststellung der Todesursache wird unterstrichen.
Mimicking relative continuum measurements by electrode data in two-dimensional electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Garde Henrik , Hyvönen Nuutti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a constructive method for approximating relative continuum measurements in two-dimensional electrical impedance tomography based on data originating from either the point electrode model or the complete electrode model. The upper bounds for the corresponding approximation errors explicitly depend on the number (and size) of the employed electrodes as well as on the regularity of the continuum current that is mimicked. In particular, if the input current and the object boundary are infinitely smooth, the discrepancy associated with the point electrode model converges to zero faster than any negative power of the number of electrodes. The results are first proven for the unit disk via trigonometric interpolation and quadrature rules, and they are subsequently extended to more general domains with the help of conformal mappings.