bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaggregated gravity: Benchmark estimates and stylized facts from a new database
Authors: Borchert Ingo , Larch Mario , Shikher Serge , Yotov Yoto V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use the new International Trade and Production Database for Estimation to obtain benchmark gravity estimates for an unprecedented range of 170 industries. We document differences and similarities of standard gravity variables across four broad sectors: Agriculture, Mining and Energy, Manufacturing, and Services. We test the robustness of our main estimates against some key data and estimation approaches from the related literature. The findings from these experiments confirm the robustness of our main findings and reinforce some stylized facts, while highlighting possible caveats for gravity estimation in other contexts.
Corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons in human stroke survivors
Authors: Urbin Michael A. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Wittenberg George F. 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Muscle weakness after stroke results from damage to corticospinal fibres that structurally and functionally connect cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
Here, we show an asymmetry in corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons that is linked to maximal voluntary output of hand muscles weakened by stroke. Spike timing‐dependent plasticity of synapses between corticospinal and spinal motor neurons transiently reversed recruitment failures in some survivors. These modulatory effects were strongly associated with recruitment asymmetry and hand impairment.
Our findings highlight the functional relevance of spinal motor neuron recruitment by corticospinal inputs and the viability of corticospinal motor neuronal synapses for restoring activation of lower motor neurons after stroke.
AbstractCorticospinal input to spinal motor neurons is structurally and functionally altered by hemiparetic stroke. The pattern and extent to which corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons is reorganized and whether such changes are linked to the severity of motor impairments is not well understood. Here, we performed experiments using the triple stimulation technique to quantify corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons serving paretic and non‐paretic intrinsic hand muscles of humans with longstanding motor impairment secondary to stroke (n = 13). We also examined whether recruitment failures could be transiently reversed by strengthening corticospinal–motoneuronal synaptic connectivity via targeted, temporally controlled non‐invasive stimulation to elicit spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP). Asymmetries were detected in corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons, central conduction time and motor‐evoked potential (MEP) latency. However, only recruitment asymmetry correlated with maximal voluntary motor output from the paretic hand. STDP‐like effects were observed as an increase in spinal motor neuron recruitment. Control experiments to isolate the locus of plasticity demonstrated a modulation in MEPs elicited by electrical stimulation of primary motor cortex but not F‐wave size or persistence, suggesting that plasticity was mediated through enhanced efficacy of residual corticospinal–motor neuronal synapses. The modulation in recruitment was strongly associated with baseline recruitment asymmetry and impairment severity. Our findings demonstrate that asymmetry in corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons is directly related to impairments experienced by stroke survivors. These recruitment deficits may be partially and transiently reversed by spike timing‐dependent plasticity of synapses between upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, downstream of supraspinal circuits damaged by stroke.
Living on the edge: population parameters of the wedge clamDonax hanleyanusin the southernmost limit of its distribution range, southwestern Atlantic, Argentina
Authors: Risoli M.C. , Defeo O. , Lomovasky B.J. 
Published: May 2021

The wedge clam Donax hanleyanus Philippi, 1845 is a conspicuous member of the sandy beach macrofauna along hundreds of kilometres in the northern coasts of Argentina. Age, growth, mortality, and productivity of this species were assessed in the southernmost limit of its distribution range (Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina). The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function were SL∞ = 23.23 mm, K = 1.62 year−1, and t0 = 0.08 years. The maximum individual production was 7.9 × 10−7g shell-free wet mass (SFWM)·year−1at a shell length of 14–16 mm. Individuals between 10 and 12 mm contributed the most to the secondary production (P) of 0.01 g SFWM·m−2·year−1. The mean annual biomass (B) was 0.002 g SFWM·m−2·year−1. Annual P/B ratio and mortality coefficient (Z) were 4.48 year−1and 4.78 year−1, respectively. Low production and high mortality could be caused by a sharp decrease in habitat quality, given the suboptimal temperatures at the southernmost edge of the species distribution. These results strongly limit its potential for future commercial exploitation.
Association of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease–Specific Care With Clinical Characteristics and Healthcare Use
Authors: Khan Abigail M. , McGrath Lidija B. , Ramsey Katrina , Agarwal Anushree , Broberg Craig S. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Many adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are cared for by non‐ACHD specialists, if they receive care at all. Little is known about the differences between those who access care at an ACHD center and those who do not access ACHD‐specific care.

Methods and Results

The Oregon All Payer All Claims database was queried to identify subjects aged 18 to 65 years with an
International Classification of Diseases,
Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
) code consistent with ACHD from 2010 to 2015. ACHD center providers were identified using National Provider Identification numbers. Usage rates and percentages were calculated with person‐years in the denominator, and rate ratios and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using negative binomial and logistic regression. Only 11.7% of identified individuals (N=10 199) were seen at the ACHD center. These individuals were younger (median 36 versus 47 years;
P
<0.0001) and had higher rates of Medicaid insurance (47.8% versus 28.4%;
P
<0.0001), heart failure (31.4% versus 15.3%;
P
<0.0001), and arrhythmia (75.5 versus 49.2%;
P
<0.0001). They had more visits of all types (outpatient: 79% per year versus 64% per year [age‐adjusted OR, 2.54; 99% CI, 2.24–2.88]; emergency department: 29% versus 22% per year [adjusted OR, 1.34; 99% CI, 1.18–1.52]; inpatient: 17% versus 12.0% per year [adjusted OR, 1.92; 99% CI, 1.67–2.20]). Rates of guideline‐indicated annual echocardiography were low (7.7% overall, 13.4% in patients at the ACHD center).

Conclusions
Patients at an ACHD center comprise a distinct and complex group with a high rate of healthcare use and a relatively higher compliance with guideline‐indicated annual follow‐up. These findings underscore the importance of building and supporting robust systems for ACHD care in the United States.
The Challenges, Advantages, and Consequences of Writing Prose in a Second Language
Authors: Orel Brigita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
According to Homi Bhabha, hybridity in the context of identity where two cultures or languages collide is a third space where new views and stances can emerge. I explored the concept of this third space by writing a novel in English, which is my second language, instead of in my mother tongue, Slovenian. I investigated the effects of language switch on my choice of subject matter, my writing process, and my perception of my work and myself as a writer and as a person. I examined language-related challenges of writing in my second language, the benefits of a new insight a second language offers, and how multilingualism leads to a more fluid identity and a change in perspective.
Research on psychotic disorders in rural areas: Recent advances and ongoing challenges
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Samakouri Maria 
Published: May 2021

Background: Research on patients with chronic psychotic disorders in rural areas is scarce. Those patients may not receive adequate mental health care. Mental health disparities among rural and urban areas have been recognized. Aims: This review aims to present the most recent research on psychotic disorders in rural areas. Method: We conducted a search in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The search involved articles published over the last decade (2011–2020). All types of research design were included, if studies had used a controlled group of urban patients and reported on the differences among rural/urban residents with psychotic disorders. The focus of the review was on outcome and treatment. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in this review. Most have been conducted in China or India. Reports from Western countries are rare. Outcome studies showed that employment rates are significantly higher in rural patients, as well as rates of marriage in women. It is not clear what is the impact of those outcomes on patients’ lives. The finding of lower cost of psychotic disorders in some rural areas, should be viewed with scepticism. Studies on treatment aspects suggested that rural patients were less likely to receive antipsychotics, antipsychotic combination or clozapine. Those results were attributed to limited access to specialized treatment. When rural patients receive specialized community care they seem to have better outcomes than urban patients. Conclusion: There is an ongoing, but still scarce research on patients with chronic psychotic disorders in rural areas. Researchers pointed out the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on outcome and treatment, and stressed the importance of minimizing mental health disparities. These findings may have potential implications for future research; for the introduction of accessible, locally based mental health services in rural areas; and for political initiatives that would address poverty and social inequalities.
Evaluation of Contact-Tracing Policies against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Austria: An Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Bicher Martin , Rippinger Claire , Urach Christoph , Brunmeir Dominik , Siebert Uwe , Popper Niki 
Published: May 2021

Background Many countries have already gone through several infection waves and mostly managed to successfully stop the exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2 through bundles of restrictive measures. Still, the danger of further waves of infections is omnipresent, and it is apparent that every containment policy must be carefully evaluated and possibly replaced by a different, less restrictive policy before it can be lifted. Tracing of contacts and consequential breaking of infection chains is a promising strategy to help contain the disease, although its precise impact on the epidemic is unknown. Objective In this work, we aim to quantify the impact of tracing on the containment of the disease and investigate the dynamic effects involved. Design We developed an agent-based model that validly depicts the spread of the disease and allows for exploratory analysis of containment policies. We applied this model to quantify the impact of different approaches of contact tracing in Austria to derive general conclusions on contract tracing. Results The study displays that strict tracing complements other intervention strategies. For the containment of the disease, the number of secondary infections must be reduced by about 75%. Implementing the proposed tracing strategy supplements measures worth about 5%. Evaluation of the number of preventively quarantined persons shows that household quarantine is the most effective in terms of avoided cases per quarantined person. Limitations The results are limited by the validity of the modeling assumptions, model parameter estimates, and the quality of the parametrization data. Conclusions The study shows that tracing is indeed an efficient measure to keep case numbers low but comes at a high price if the disease is not well contained. Therefore, contact tracing must be executed strictly, and adherence within the population must be held up to prevent uncontrolled outbreaks of the disease.
Avascular Necrosis of the Talus After Subchondroplasty
Authors: Hanselman Andrew E. , Cody Elizabeth A. , Easley Mark E. , Adams Samuel B. , Parekh Selene G. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Subchondroplasty (SCP) is a relatively new procedure, developed in 2007 for the treatment of bone marrow lesions (BMLs), that has shown promising results in the knee through several different case series. The foot and ankle literature, however, is sparse, with only a few documented case reports or case series. At our institution, we have identified several patients with complications after this specific procedure. As a result, we report our case series of patients who developed talar avascular necrosis (AVN) after undergoing SCP. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent SCP for a talar BML at our facility or who were referred to our facility after undergoing SCP at an outside institution. Patients were included if they developed radiographic evidence of talar AVN after the procedure. Patient demographics, comorbidities, concomitant intraoperative procedures, complications, and subsequent interventions were reviewed. Results: Seven patients were identified as having radiographic evidence of talar AVN after SCP. Average time interval was 23 months postoperative from index procedure to radiographic confirmation of AVN. Two of the index procedures were performed at our institution, whereas 5 of the index procedures were performed at outside institutions and referred for further management. Three patients had documented risk factors for AVN before the SCP procedure. All 7 patients were symptomatic from the AVN. Conclusion: We identified 7 patients who went on to develop talar AVN after having undergone SCP. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Fundus changes of Parry-Romberg syndrome: A report of three cases and literature review
Authors: Duan Jianan , Zhang Yun , Ge Ge , Zhang Meixia 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To report three cases of Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) with progressive hemifacial atrophy and similar fundus changes. Methods: Retrospective case series of three patients who presented to the ophthalmology department with blurred vision in one eye. All of them underwent three-dimensional reconstruction of head computed tomography (CT), related physical examinations, and also monthly ocular examinations of both eyes, including the slit-lamp microscope, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). We also reviewed the current literature about the fundus change in PRS from inception to March 2020 via PubMed. Results: Coats-like fundus and exudative retinal detachment were found in all three eyes of three patients during the follow-up. No systematic changes were found except for hemifacial atrophy. The final diagnoses of these three patients were PRS. Conclusion: Only a subset of PRS patients have concomitant ocular changes, but it still should be noticed that the diagnosis of PRS should be considered if adults presented with Coats-like retinopathy and hemifacial atrophy.
Clinical outcomes of transposed brachial-basilic vein fistula: Tunneling versus elevation
Authors: Kim Choshin , Yun Woo-Sung 
Published: May 2021

Background: The Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) suggests a transposed brachial basilic vein fistula (TBBVF) in the patients who have good likelihood of long-term survival. To superficialize the basilic vein, a disconnected basilic vein is anterolaterally transposed inside a subcutaneous tunnel. A simple elevation in situ is an alternative technique. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of TBBVF according to the type of superficialization. Methods: A total of 42 patients (mean age of 66 years, male: 45%) who underwent a TBBVF from April 2014 to March 2019 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The method of superficialization (tunneling ( n = 18) vs elevation ( n = 24)) was determined by the surgeon’s preference. It was done as a one-stage surgery. There was not any statistically significant difference in demographic or clinical characteristics of patients between the two groups. As early outcomes, postoperative mortality and morbidity were investigated. For clinical outcomes, primary patency, primary-assisted patency, and secondary patency were analyzed for both groups. Results: There was a case of a 30-day mortality in the elevation group. Regarding morbidities, there was a postoperative bleeding in the tunneling group and a steal syndrome in the elevation group. The mean follow-up was 28 months (range, 0–63 months). There was no significant difference in primary patency (64.8% vs 77.5% in 1 year and 54.0% vs 54.1% at 3 year; p = 0.816), primary-assisted patency (88.9% vs 86.5% in 1 year and 88.9 vs 81.4 at 3 year; p = 0.624), or secondary patency (100% vs 86.5% in 1 year and 100% vs 86.5% at 3 year; p = 0.126) between the two groups. Conclusions: Clinical outcomes of TBBVF showed no significant difference between tunneling and elevation groups. Thus, TBBVF can be done with either method.
Prognostic impact of resting heart rate in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Patcheva Simona , Merzel Eva K , Milanovicc Aljosa , Bozicc Mojca , Jug Borut 
Published: May 2021

Objectives Resting heart rate has been increasingly identified as a marker of cardiovascular risk and has been extensively studied as a predictor of coronary artery disease progression. In peripheral artery disease, the prognostic impact of resting heart rate remains elusive. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing invasive peripheral procedures were included. Data included resting heart rate determination by averaging manual radial pulse palpation measurements taken 24 h before and after an invasive peripheral procedure. Results A total of 1720 patients were included (mean age 70±11 years, 38% were female, 39% had critical limb ischemia). During a median follow-up of 729 days, 364 (21.2%) patients died. Resting heart rate emerged as an independent predictor of mortality, even after adjusting for clinical characteristics, peripheral artery disease manifestation and anatomic extent, traditional risk factors, co-morbidities, and disease-modifying therapies: hazard ratio for heart rate >75 bpm was 1.010 (95% confidence interval 1.001–1.109), with each bpm increase in resting heart rate conferring a 1.1% increase in the risk of all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval 0.1–10.9%, adjusted p = 0.030). Conclusions Resting heart rate is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease; our findings extend heart rate as a possible marker of prognosis to non-coronary atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Chromosomal characteristics of salt stress heritable gene expression in the rice genome
Authors: McGowan Matthew T. , Zhang Zhiwu , Ficklin Stephen P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Gene expression is potentially an important heritable quantitative trait that mediates between genetic variation and higher-level complex phenotypes through time and condition-dependent regulatory interactions. Therefore, we sought to explore both the genomic and condition-specific characteristics of gene expression heritability within the context of chromosomal structure.

Results
Heritability was estimated for biological gene expression using a diverse, 84-line, Oryza sativa (rice) population under optimal and salt-stressed conditions. Overall, 5936 genes were found to have heritable expression regardless of condition and 1377 genes were found to have heritable expression only during salt stress. These genes with salt-specific heritable expression are enriched for functional terms associated with response to stimulus and transcription factor activity. Additionally, we discovered that highly and lowly expressed genes, and genes with heritable expression are distributed differently along the chromosomes in patterns that follow previously identified high-throughput chromosomal conformation capture (Hi-C) A/B chromatin compartments. Furthermore, multiple genomic hot-spots enriched for genes with salt-specific heritability were identified on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, and 8. These hotspots were found to contain genes functionally enriched for transcriptional regulation and overlaps with a previously identified major QTL for salt-tolerance in rice.

Conclusions
Investigating the heritability of traits, and in-particular gene expression traits, is important towards developing a basic understanding of how regulatory networks behave across a population. This work provides insights into spatial patterns of heritable gene expression at the chromosomal level.
First case report of acute cholangitis secondary to Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Sahra Syeda , Jahangir Abdullah , Mobarakai Neville , Glaser Allison , Jahangir Ahmad , Sharif Muhammad Ans 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which may be a causative agent of meningitis in premature infants and enterocolitis and bacteremia in neonates and adults. While there have been multiple cases of C. sakazakii infections, there have been no acute cholangitis cases reported in humans.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old male with a past medical history of basal cell carcinoma, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, complicated by staphylococcus bacteremia, pituitary tumor, glaucoma, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency room with the complaint of diffuse and generalized 10/10 abdominal pain of 1 day’s duration. There was a concern for pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, and possible cholecystitis, and the patient underwent a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube placement. Blood cultures from admission and biliary fluid cultures both grew C. sakazakii. The patient was treated with a carbapenem and clinically improved.

Conclusions
The case study described a patient with multiple medical comorbidities that presented with C. sakazakii bacteremia and cholangitis. While this bacterium has been implicated in other infections, we believe this is the first time the bacteria is being documented to have caused acute cholangitis.