bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes following severe COVID-19 infection: a propensity matched cohort study
Authors: McPeake Joanne , Shaw Martin , MacTavish Pamela , Blyth Kevin G , Devine Helen , Fleming Gillian , Griffin Justine , Gemmell Lisa , Grose Pauline , Henderson Mark , Henderson Philip , Hogg Lucy , King Kirstin , McInnes Iain , O'Brien Peter , Puxty Kathryn , Rainey Callum , Sharma Varun , Sim Malcolm , Strachan Laura , Siebert Stefan , Quasim Tara 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThere are limited data describing the long-term outcomes of severe COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the long-term psychosocial and physical consequences of severe COVID-19 for patients.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre observational cohort study; between 3 and 7 months posthospital discharge, patients who had been admitted to critical care due to severe COVID-19 were invited to an established recovery service. Standardised questionnaires concerning emotional, physical and social recovery, including information on employment, were completed by patients. Using propensity score matching, we explored outcomes between patients admitted to critical care with and without COVID-19, using data from the same recovery programme.ResultsBetween July 2020 and December 2020, 93 patients who had been admitted to critical with COVID-19 participated. Emotional dysfunction was common: 46.2% of patients had symptoms of anxiety and 34.4% symptoms of depression. At follow-up 53.7% of previously employed patients had returned to employment; there was a significant difference in return to employment across the socio-economic gradient, with lower numbers of patients from the most deprived areas returning to employment (p=0.03). 91 (97.8%) COVID-19 patients were matched with 91 non-COVID-19 patients. There were no significant differences in any measured outcomes between the two cohorts.InterpretationEmotional and social problems are common in survivors of severe COVID-19 infection. Coordinated rehabilitation is required to ensure patients make an optimal recovery.
Non-fatal gunshot injuries during criminal acts in Mexico, 2013–2019
Authors: Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Perez Ricart Carlos 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAs the volume of firearms (legal and illegal) in Mexico grows, gun violence has become a major public health challenge. While studies have focused on gun-related homicides and robberies, there is a dearth of research addressing non-fatal gunshot injuries. At the same time, official government sources report limited information and undercount these injuries.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is threefold. First, to provide data of non-fatal gunshot injuries sustained during crimes in Mexico; second, to estimate their initial individual healthcare costs; finally, to compare those costs to those resulting from other forms of injuries. This article contributes to discussions on gun violence in Mexico and its impact on public health.MethodsWe analysed Mexico’s National Crime Victimization Survey from 2014 to 2020.FindingsWe estimated that there were approximately 150 415 non-fatal gunshot injuries during crimes perpetrated from 2013 to 2019. We found that most non-fatal criminal gunshot injuries occur during a robbery and that victims tend to be men and young people between 18 and 35 years of age. Most of these injuries occur in urban areas and public spaces. While non-fatal gun-related injuries are not as common during crimes as other non-fatal injuries, their initial individual healthcare expenses are significantly higher. Crimes involving gun-related injuries reported an average expense of 16 643 pesos and crimes involving other forms of injuries reported an average of 1281 pesos. This discrepancy highlights the health burden associated with gun violence.
Comparative accuracy and cost-effectiveness of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and positron emission tomography in the characterisation of solitary pulmonary nodules
Authors: Gilbert Fiona J , Harris Scott , Miles Kenneth A , Weir-McCall Jonathan R , Qureshi Nagmi R , Rintoul Robert Campbell , Dizdarevic Sabina , Pike Lucy , Sinclair Donald , Shah Andrew , Eaton Rosemary , Jones Jeremy , Clegg Andrew , Benedetto Valerio , Hill James , Cook Andrew , Tzelis Dimitrios , Vale Luke , Brindle Lucy , Madden Jackie , Cozens Kelly , Little Louisa , Eichhorst Kathrin , Moate Patricia , McClement Chris , Peebles Charles , Banerjee Anindo , Han Sai , Poon Fat-Wui , Groves Ashley M , Kurban Lutfi , Frew Anthony , Callister Matthew E J , Crosbie Phil A , Gleeson Fergus Vincent , Karunasaagarar Kavitasagary , Kankam Osei , George Steve 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionDynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) have a high reported accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of these.MethodsIn this prospective multicentre trial, 380 participants with an SPN (8–30 mm) and no recent history of malignancy underwent DCE-CT and PET/CT. All patients underwent either biopsy with histological diagnosis or completed CT follow-up. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy for PET/CT and DCE-CT. Costs and cost-effectiveness were estimated from a healthcare provider perspective using a decision-model.Results312 participants (47% female, 68.1±9.0 years) completed the study, with 61% rate of malignancy at 2 years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values for DCE-CT were 95.3% (95% CI 91.3 to 97.5), 29.8% (95% CI 22.3 to 38.4), 68.2% (95% CI 62.4% to 73.5%) and 80.0% (95% CI 66.2 to 89.1), respectively, and for PET/CT were 79.1% (95% CI 72.7 to 84.2), 81.8% (95% CI 74.0 to 87.7), 87.3% (95% CI 81.5 to 91.5) and 71.2% (95% CI 63.2 to 78.1). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for DCE-CT and PET/CT was 0.62 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.67) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.85), respectively (p<0.001). Combined results significantly increased diagnostic accuracy over PET/CT alone (AUROC=0.90 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.93), p<0.001). DCE-CT was preferred when the willingness to pay per incremental cost per correctly treated malignancy was below £9000. Above £15 500 a combined approach was preferred.ConclusionsPET/CT has a superior diagnostic accuracy to DCE-CT for the diagnosis of SPNs. Combining both techniques improves the diagnostic accuracy over either test alone and could be cost-effective.Trial registration numberNCT02013063
Late-Humanism and Revolutionary Eloquence: James Lovell and His 1771 Boston Massacre Oration
Authors: Mcmanus Stuart M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article reconstructs the context of the first Boston Massacre Oration delivered by James Lovell. It argues that Lovell's rhetorical education and oratorical practice were primarily an offshoot of a classicizing renaissance tradition transmitted by the colonial colleges that faded, blurred and was repurposed in the eighteenth century.
“We Were Declared Enemies to the Country” Two Letters from Joshua Winslow, A Consignee of the East India Company
Authors: Wilson Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
“We Were Declared Enemies to the Country” brings to light two previously unpublished letters that describe the experience of Joshua Winslow, one of the consignees of the East India Company tea, as he and his associates were confronted by a violent crown in Boston in November, 1773. The letters afford the perspective of a man recently arrived from years in Canada to the fierce opposition to landing EIC tea in Boston.
National Criminal Procedure Shoehorned into a Global Procedure Shoe When Trying Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Nowak Karol 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article the argument is made that a global court like the icc is not suitable for gaining the trust of those it rules over and that the procedure used when trying crimes against humanity is a poor fit as it is to a large extent based on national procedural codes. It is suggested that a split of the icc into several regional bodies with common procedural rules that are amended to suit the special needs when trying crimes against humanity would be beneficial for the court’s credibility. The point is also made that the goals of international trials and tribunals a poorly formulated and that they over promise and need to be amended to better reflect reality.
Percent change in apparent diffusion coefficient and plasma EBV DNA after induction chemotherapy identifies distinct prognostic response phenotypes in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li-Ting , Guo Shan-Shan , Li Hui , Lin Chao , Sun Rui , Chen Qiu-Yan , Liang Yu-Jing , Tang Qing-Nan , Sun Xue-Song , Tang Lin-Quan , Xie Chuan-Miao , Mai Hai-Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the prognostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and monitor the early treatment response to induction chemotherapy (IC) with plasma EBV DNA in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).

Results
A total of 307 stage III-IVb NPC patients were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent MRI examinations to calculate ADC and plasma EBV DNA measurements pretreatment and post-IC. The participants’ ADC value of 92.5% (284/307) increased post-IC. A higher percent change in ADC value (ΔADC%high group) post-IC was associated with a higher 5-year OS rate (90.7% vs 74.9%, p < 0.001) than those in the ΔADC%low group. Interestingly, ΔADC% was closely related to the response measured by RECIST 1.1 (p < 0.001) and plasma EBV DNA level (p = 0.037). The AUC significantly increased when post-IC plasma EBV DNA was added to ΔADC% to predict treatment failure. Thus, based on ΔADC% and plasma EBV DNA, we further divided the participants into three new prognostic response phenotypes (early response, intermediate response, and no response) that correlated with disparate risks of death (p = 0.001), disease progression (p < 0.001), distant metastasis (p < 0.001), and locoregional relapse (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The percentage change in ADC post-IC is indicative of treatment response and clinical outcome. ΔADC% and plasma EBV DNA-based response phenotypes may provide potential utility for early termination of treatment and allow guiding risk-adapted therapeutic strategies for LA-NPC.
Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nyberg Jenny , Henriksson Malin , Wall Alexander , Vestberg Torbjörn , Westerlund Maria , Walser Marion , Eggertsen Robert , Danielsson Louise , Kuhn H. Georg , Åberg N. David , Waern Margda , Åberg Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.

Methods
189 Swedish patients aged 18–65 years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. Severity of anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory self-assessment scale. Digit span, block design and matrix reasoning tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and the design fluency test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship of anxiety severity and cognitive functioning. Comparisons were also performed to a normed non-clinical population, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
More severe anxiety was associated with lower digit span test scores (R2 = 0.109, B = -0.040, p = 0.018), but not with block design, matrix reasoning or design fluency tests scores, after adjustment for comorbid major depression in a multivariable model. When compared to a normed population, patients with anxiety performed significantly lower on the block design, digit span forward, digit span sequencing and matrix reasoning tests.

Conclusions
Severity of anxiety among patients with anxiety disorder was associated with executive functions related to working memory, independently of comorbid major depression, but not with lower fluid intelligence. A further understanding of the executive behavioral control in patients with anxiety could allow for more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.
The effect of restored medial knee anatomy in total knee arthroplasty with the flexion first balancer technique on mid-flexion laxity and functional outcome
Authors: van Lieshout W. A. M. , van Oost I. , Koenraadt K. L. M. , Elmans L. H. G. J. , van Geenen R. C. I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The Flexion First Balancer (FFB) technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was developed to maintain the isometry of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) by restoring the medial anatomy of the knee. Inability to correct MCL isometry could hypothetically result in an increased mid-flexion laxity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate if the FFB technique results in improved functional outcome and less mid-flexion laxity compared to Measured Resection (MR).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed comparing 27 FFB patients with 28 MR patients. Groups were matched for age, gender, BMI and ASA classification. All patient received the cruciate retained type, Vanguard Complete Knee System (Biomet Orthopedics, Warsaw, IN, USA). Stress X-rays of the knee with 30 degrees of flexion were made to assess varus-valgus laxity. Furthermore, three tests were conducted to asses functional outcome: a 6 min walk test, a stair climb test and quadriceps peak force measurements. Mean follow-up was respectively 2.6 (SD 0.4) and 3.9 years (SD 0.2).

Results
The MR group showed a postoperative elevation in joint line in contrast to the FFB group, the mean difference between the two groups was 3 mm (p < 0.001). No differences in total laxity between the two groups was found. The FFB group showed a higher quadriceps peak force (1.67 (SD 0.55) N/BMI) in comparison with the MR group (1.38 (SD 0.48) N/BMI) (p < 0.05). All other outcome parameters were comparable between the two groups (p: n.s.). Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between joint line elevation and quadriceps peak force (r = − 0.29, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The FFB technique did not lead to less coronal laxity in the mid-flexion range compared to MR. Although peak quadriceps force was significantly higher for the FFB group no clinically relevant benefits could be identified for the patients with regards to functional outcome. Therefore, minor deviations in joint line seems to have no effect on functional outcome after TKA.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN85351296. Registered 23 april 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85351296
The glycoproteomics of hawk and caiman tears
Authors: Raposo Ana Cláudia , Lebrilla Carlito , Portela Ricardo Wagner , Xu Gege , Oriá Arianne Pontes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Glycoproteins are important tear components that participate in the stability of the ocular surface. However, the glycopeptides that are present in the tears of wild animals have not yet been described. This work aimed to describe the glycoproteomic profile of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) and caiman (Caiman latirostris) tears.

Methods
Tears collected from 10 hawks and 70 caimans using Schirmer tear test strips were used in this study. The samples were submitted to trypsin digestion and separated using a reverse-phase column coupled to a mass spectrometer associated to a nanospray ionization source. The glycoproteins were categorized as: cellular components, biological processes and molecular function, according to the UniProt Knowledgebase.

Results
As shown by the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, all glycopeptides found were classified as N-type. Of the 51 glycoproteins that were identified in the hawk tear film, the most abundant were ovotransferrin, globulins and complement system proteins. In the caiman tear film, 29 glycoproteins were identified. The most abundant caiman glycoproteins were uncharacterized proteins, ATPases, globulins and proteasome components. Ontological characterization revealed that the glycoproteins were extracellular, and the most identified molecular function was endopeptidase activity for both species.

Conclusion
Glycoproteins are abundant in the tear film of the bird and reptile species studied herein, and all these molecules were shown to have N-type modifications. Location at the extracellular space and an endopeptidase inhibitor activity were the main cell component and molecular function for both species, respectively. These profiles showed differences when compared to human tears, are possibly linked to adaptive processes and can be the basis for further studies on the search of disease biomarkers.
30 years of CIK cell therapy: recapitulating the key breakthroughs and future perspective
Authors: Sharma Amit , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence from the numerous clinical trials involving cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy suggests that its optimization in combination with other contemporary cancer therapies in a complementary manner (rather than as competition) will be a key to combat cancer.
Activity of terpenes derived from essential oils against Sarcoptes scabiei eggs
Authors: Li Meilin , Liu Shunlong , Yin Zhijuan , Bernigaud Charlotte , Guillot Jacques , Fang Fang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The limited ovicidal activity of currently available acaricides is a significant obstacle to efficacious scabies treatment. Several essential oils or their respective components have proved to be active against the eggs of arthropods, mainly lice and ticks. Information on the activity of these oils and/or components against the eggs of mites remains very limited. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of six terpenes (carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, citral, terpinen-4-ol and linalool) commonly found in essential oils against the eggs of Sarcoptes scabiei.

Methods
Sarcoptes eggs were exposed to paraffin oil containing 1, 2.5, or 5% of each terpene tested. After a 12-h exposure period, the eggs were washed and placed in paraffin oil for hatching. Embryonic development following treatment was assessed every day to determine the stage of developmental arrest.

Results
The median effective concentration to obtain 50% egg mortality (EC50) was 0.5, 0.9, 2.0, 4.8, 5.1 and 9.8% for carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, citral, terpinen-4-ol and linalool, respectively. The microscopic images of eggs after each treatment indicated that these six terpenes may act by penetrating through the aeropyles on the egg surface.

Conclusions
In conclusion, carvacrol, eugenol and geraniol possess significant ovicidal activities, which should be considered as promising ovicidal agents for the treatment of scabies.

Graphical Abstract
Contrasting habitat use and conservation status of Chinese-wintering and other Eurasian Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) populations
Authors: Deng Xueqin , Zhao Qingshan , Zhang Junjian , Kölzsch Andrea , Solovyeva Diana , Bysykatova-Harmey Inga , Xu Zhenggang , Kruckenberg Helmut , Cao Lei , Fox Anthony David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
GPS/GSM tracking data were used to contrast use of (i) habitats and (ii) protected areas between three Arctic-nesting Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons, GWFG) populations throughout the annual cycle. We wished to demonstrate that the East Asian Continental Population (which winters on natural wetlands in the Chinese Yangtze River floodplain and is currently declining) avoids using farmland at multiple wintering sites. We also gathered tracking evidence to support general observations from two increasing population of GWFG, the North Sea-Baltic (which winters in Europe) and the West Pacific (which winter in Korea and Japan) winter mostly within farmland landscapes, using wetlands only for safe night roosts.

Methods
We tracked 156 GWFG throughout their annual cycle using GPS/GSM transmitters from these three populations to determine migration routes and stopover staging patterns. We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to generate summer, winter and migration stopover home ranges which we then overlaid in GIS with land cover and protected area boundary at national level to determine habitat use and degree of protection from nature conservation designated areas.

Results
Data confirmed that 73% of European wintering GWFG homes ranges were from within farmland, compared to 59% in Japan and Korea, but just 5% in China, confirming the heavy winter use of agricultural landscapes by GWFG away from China, and avoidance of farmland at multiple sites within the Yangtze River floodplain. The same GWFG used farmland in northeast China in spring and autumn, confirming their experience of exploiting such habitats at other stages of their annual cycle. Chinese wintering birds showed the greatest overlap with protected areas of all three populations, showing current levels of site safeguard are failing to protect this population.

Conclusions
Results confirm the need for strategic planning to protect the East Asian Continental GWFG population. While the site protection network in place to protect the species seems adequate, it has failed to stop the declines. Buffalo grazing could serve as one simple strategy to improve the condition of feeding habitats at Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the Yangtze, where vast Carex meadows exist. In addition, while we warn against pushing GWFG to winter farmland feeding in China because of the long-term potential to conflict with agricultural interests, we recommend experimental sacrificial, disturbance-free farmland within designated refuge areas adjacent to the Yangtze River floodplain wetland reserves as a manipulative experiment to improve the conservation status of this population in years when natural food sources are limited.
Imaging to intervention: a review of what the Interventionalist needs to Know about Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Sobrepera Stephanie , Monroe Eric , Gemmete Joseph J. , Hallam Danial , Pinchot Jason W. , Kaufman Claire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a disorder that affects 1 in 5000–10,000 people worldwide and can result in devastating complications such as cerebral abscess, stroke, massive hemorrhage, and even death. HHT is an autosomal dominant disorder that leads to the formation of abnormal communication between the arteries and veins with a resultant spectrum of vascular anomalies. The disorder affects many organ systems and thus requires a dedicated multidisciplinary approach. Interventional radiologists are vital members of this team providing expertise not only in disease management, but in complex embolotherapy, helping to maintain the health of these patients. This article reviews clinical manifestations, screening guidelines, diagnostic criteria, and endovascular management of HHT.