bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of an elevated CO2level on life history parameters and hormone pathway or vitellogenin metabolism of the brown planthopper
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Liu Hui , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Xiaowei , Chen Fajun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growth, development and reproduction of herbivorous insects could be altered due to changes in quality and quantity of their host plants under elevated CO2. The brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most serious and destructive economic pests in rice growing areas in Asia. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated CO2on the growth, development and reproduction ofN. lugensand, in particular, on the hormonal regulation of the transcription factors inN. lugens. The results indicated that compared with ambient CO2, elevated CO2significantly shortened the duration of egg and nymph, longevity of female adults and total adults, and significantly decreased the weight of adults; besides, elevated CO2significantly improved the fecundity of female adults, egg hatching rata and the transcription levels ofVg. The relative expression levels ofJHMAT‐andFAMeT‐regulated synthesis of JH were first down‐regulated and then up‐regulated with the development of the 5th instar nymph ofN. lugensunder elevated CO2. In addition, the relative expression level ofcyp314a1played an important role in synthesis of ecdysone was up‐regulated in the 5th instar nymph ofN. lugensunder elevated CO2. We have demonstrated that elevated CO2could accelerate the development and improve the reproduction ofN. lugens, which is related to the transcription levels of JH, MH and Vg.
An Arabidopsis vasculature distributed metal tolerance protein facilitates xylem magnesium diffusion to shoots under high‐magnesium environments
Authors: Ge Haiman , Wang Yuan , Chen Jinlin , Zhang Bin , Chen Rui , Lan Wenzhi , Luan Sheng , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnesium (Mg2+) is an essential metal for plant growth; however, its over‐accumulation in cells can be cytotoxic. The metal tolerance protein family (MTP) belongs to an ubiquitous family of cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins that export divalent metal cations for metal homeostasis and tolerance in all organisms. We describe here the identification of MTP10 to be critical for xylem Mg homeostasis in Arabidopsis under high Mg2+ conditions. The Arabidopsis plant contains 12 MTP genes, and only knockout of MTP10 decreased the tolerance of high‐Mg stress. The functional complementation assays in a Mg2+ ‐uptake‐deficient bacterial strain MM281 confirmed that MTP10 conducted Mg2+ transport. MTP10 is localized to the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells around the xylem. Reciprocal grafting analysis further demonstrated that MTP10 functions in the shoot to determine the shoot growth phenotypes under high Mg2+ conditions. Moreover, compared to the wild type, the mtp10 mutant accumulated more Mg2+ in xylem sap under high‐Mg stress. This study reveals that MTP10 facilitates Mg2+ diffusion from the xylem to shoots and thus determines Mg homeostasis in shoot vascular tissues during high‐Mg stress.
The HDL mimetic CER‐001 remodels plasma lipoproteins and reduces kidney lipid deposits in inherited lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Authors: Pavanello Chiara , Turri Marta , Strazzella Arianna , Tulissi Patrizia , Pizzolitto Stefano , De Maglio Giovanna , Nappi Riccardo , Calabresi Laura , Boscutti Giuliano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundKidney failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (FLD), a rare inherited lipid disorder with no cure. Lipoprotein X (LpX), an abnormal lipoprotein, is primarily accountable for nephrotoxicity.MethodsCER‐001 was tested in an FLD patient with dramatic kidney disease for 12 weeks.ResultsInfusions of CER‐001 normalized the lipoprotein profile, with a disappearance of the abnormal LpX in favour of normal‐sized LDL. The worsening of kidney function was slowed by the treatment, and kidney biopsy showed a slight reduction of lipid deposits and a stabilization of the disease. In vitro experiments demonstrate that CER‐001 progressively reverts lipid accumulation in podocytes by a dual effect: remodelling plasma lipoproteins and removing LpX‐induced lipid deposit.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that CER‐001 may represent a therapeutic option in FLD patients. It also has the potential to be beneficial in other renal diseases characterized by kidney lipid deposits.
Cercospora species cause pink spot disease on guava fruit in Brazil
Authors: Shirado Evelyn N. , Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , Alves Renan Fernandes , Appezzato‐da‐Glória Beatriz , Navarro Bárbara Ludwig , Fischer Ivan Herman , Spósito Marcel Bellato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuava producers in Brazil have reported the occurrence of small, pink spot lesions on the surface of fruits in orchards. Symptomatic fruits were harvested from commercial guava orchards, and 18 monosporic isolates were obtained. All tested isolates were pathogenic to guava fruit and showed colony and conidial characteristics indicative of cercosporoid fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated gene sequences showed that all isolates belonged to the genus Cercospora and clustered into four haplotypes. Conidia released 3–5 germ tubes, and penetration occurred through the stomata. All isolates produced cercosporin. Histopathological analyses showed that hyphal growth occurred intercellularly and that there was a collapse of epidermal and subepidermal cells in the injured areas. In addition, the oil cavities in the lesioned tissue had large numbers of lipid droplets compared with the nonlesioned tissue. This is the first report of Cercospora spp. as the causal agent of pink spot disease of guava fruit in Brazil.
Enhancing geographical indications protection in India for community relevance
Authors: Datta Sayantani , Manchikanti Padmavati , Bhattacharya Niharika S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeographical indications (GI) rights are unique as they have a regio‐cultural basis and involve the knowledge and skill of communities. The enactment of the Indian GI Act 1999 was aimed to improve the economic status of the communities and key products for export by registration of GI. Analysis of the inspection body particular, institutional mechanism, and registration process revealed the need for elaboration of GI protection mechanism. Of particular significance is the need to protect the reputation of GIs, strengthen the local registration mechanism, and identify a mechanism for monitoring and conservation of GI. Analysis of food GI such as Bardhaman Sitabhog and Mihidana provide insights on the need for an enhanced protection mechanism to be provided under the GI Act and the rules which have a significant bearing on the post GI sustenance.
Institutional incongruence and unauthorized copying in Poland
Authors: Czetwertyński Sławomir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article was to find out how the cognitive dissonance resulting from the occurrence of institutional incongruence in the context of copying information goods in online society is reduced. The implementation of this goal required conceptualization work and empirical research. The conceptual part was based on the theory of cognitive dissonance by Festinger as well as works on the concept of institutional congruence. The essence of the conceptualization work was the formulation of the concept of institutional incongruence, which leads to a cognitive dissonance that requires reduction. The empirical research conducted on Polish internet users in August 2020 was designed to allow to determine whether there is an institutional incongruence in the area of copying information goods, and how the possible dissonance resulting from such incongruence is reduced. A survey study conducted on a random sample of 1000 respondents (with a standard error of 3%). The survey took the form of a questionnaire distributed among respondents via the Badanie‐Opinii.pl research panel, property of the Biostat Research and Development Centre. Empirical research has shown that institutional incongruence is largely imaginary (a kind of cognitive bias). In the context of dissonance reduction, there were found several forms of it: (1) the downplaying of the phenomenon of unauthorized copying, (2) an attitude that completely ignores the problem of unauthorized copying, and (3) an attitude that assumes that any form of unauthorized copying is simply “piracy.”
Circular RNA circ_GLIS2 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Xing Wu , Zhou Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Hao‐Ye , Chen Li‐Min , Zhou Yang‐Mei , Cui Xue‐Fei , Liu Zhen‐Guo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of tumour‐related death. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of HCC by studying the function of circ_GLIS2.MethodsHuman HCC specimens and cell lines were used. Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D and RNase R treatment were performed to validate circular RNA features of circ_GLIS2. qRT‐PCR, western blotting, immunostaining, and IHC were employed to examine levels of circ_GLIS2, GLIS2 mRNA, and EMT‐related markers. CCK‐8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell assays were performed to evaluate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. RIP and RNA pull‐down assay were used to validate EIF4A3/GLIS2 mRNA interaction. MSP was performed to measure the methylation status of GLIS2 promoter. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to examine tumour growth and metastasis in vivo.ResultsCirc_GLIS2 and linear GLIS2 mRNA were reduced in human HCC tissues and cells. Their low levels correlated with a poor survival rate of HCC patients. Overexpression of circ_GLIS2 and GLIS2 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted cell apoptosis. GLIS2 promoter region was hypermethylated in HCC cells. EIF4A3 was directly bound with GLIS2 mRNA and promoted circ_GLIS2/GLIS2 expression. Moreover, overexpression of circ_GLIS2 restrained HCC tumour growth and metastasis in vivo.ConclusionCirc_GLIS2 suppresses HCC growth and metastasis by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoting cell apoptosis. These findings provide molecular insights into the mechanism of HCC and indicate that circ_GLIS2 could serve as a diagnosis marker or therapeutic target for HCC.
Datafied Pregnancies: Health Information Technologies and Reproductive Governance in Turkey
Authors: Saluk Seda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the early 2000s, Turkey has been going through a dynamic period of health reforms where the global push toward health statistics has converged with the state's pronatalist concerns over declining birth rates. Reproductive behaviors are now monitored via health information technologies such as centralized databases. The World Health Organization and the Turkish Ministry of Health celebrate these technologies as essential steps toward evidence‐based health care delivery. The everyday realities of these technologies, however, are more complicated, especially for nurses and their patients. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in state‐run health clinics in Istanbul, this article demonstrates how these data‐driven health technologies build on nurses’ gendered care labor and increase surveillance on urban poor and/or ethnoracially minoritized communities. In doing so, I argue that the datafication of reproduction operates as a particular mode of “reproductive governance” (Morgan and Roberts 2012) that reflects and reproduces existing social hierarchies and inequalities.
Serum iron indices in COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: A case–control study
Authors: Kumar H Mohan , Sharma Prashant , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Pannu Ashok Kumar , Das Reena , Panda Naresh K. , Sharma Navneet , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh , Muthu Valliappan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether dysregulated iron metabolism is associated with COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) remains unknown. Herein, we compare the serum iron indices in COVID‐19 subjects with and without mucormycosis.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study enrolling COVID‐19 participants with and without mucormycosis. We compared the baseline serum iron indices (iron, ferritin, total iron‐binding capacity [TIBC], unsaturated iron‐binding capacity and percentage transferrin saturation) between CAM cases and COVID‐19 controls. Additionally, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess whether any iron indices are associated with CAM.ResultsWe enrolled 28 CAM cases (mean age 53.6 years old; 78.6% men) and 26 controls (mean age 57.2 years old; 73.1% men). Rhino‐orbital (±cerebral) mucormycosis (85.7%) was the most clinical presentation. Diabetes mellitus was more frequent in the cases than controls (75% vs. 42.3%; p = .015). Hypoxaemia during COVID‐19 illness was more common in controls than cases. The mean serum iron values (33 vs. 45 μg/dl, p = .03) and TIBC (166.6 vs. 201.6 μg/dl, p = .003) were significantly lower in CAM cases than controls. On multivariate analysis, we found a lower TIBC (odds ratio [OR] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–0.99) and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.23; 95% CI, 1.21–22.68) to be independently associated with CAM after adjusting for serum iron, ferritin and glucocorticoid therapy. The case fatality rate of CAM was 73.9%. The iron indices were not significantly different between CAM survivors and non‐survivors.ConclusionsThe CAM is associated with lower TIBC levels than COVID‐19 subjects without mucormycosis, suggesting dysregulated iron metabolism in its pathogenesis. Further studies are required to confirm our preliminary observations.
Long reads and Hi‐C sequencing illuminate the two‐compartment genome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Yildirir Gökalp , Sperschneider Jana , Malar C Mathu , Chen Eric C. H. , Iwasaki Wataru , Cornell Calvin , Corradi Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Chromosome folding links genome structure with gene function by generating distinct nuclear compartments and topologically associating domains. In mammals, these undergo preferential interactions and regulate gene expression. However, their role in fungal genome biology is unclear.

Here, we combine Nanopore (ONT) sequencing with chromatin conformation capture sequencing (Hi‐C) to reveal chromosome and epigenetic diversity in a group of obligate plant symbionts: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).

We find that five phylogenetically distinct strains of the model AMF Rhizophagus irregularis carry 33 chromosomes with substantial within‐species variability in size, as well as in gene and repeat content. Strain‐specific Hi‐C contact maps reveal a ‘checkerboard’ pattern that underline two dominant euchromatin (A) and heterochromatin (B) compartments. Each compartment differs in the level of gene transcription, regulation of candidate effectors and methylation frequencies. The A‐compartment is more gene‐dense and contains most core genes, while the B‐compartment is more repeat‐rich and has higher rates of chromosomal rearrangement. While the B‐compartment is transcriptionally repressed, it has significantly more secreted proteins and in planta upregulated candidate effectors, suggesting a possible host‐induced change in chromosome conformation.

Overall, this study provides a fine‐scale view into the genome biology and evolution of model plant symbionts, and opens avenues to study the epigenetic mechanisms that modify chromosome folding during host–microbe interactions.
SMALL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, a SUPERMAN‐like transcription factor, regulates stamen and pistil growth in rice
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhu Wanwan , Yang Liu , Liang Wanqi , Li Hui , Yang Li , Chen Mingjiao , Luo Zhijing , Huang Guoqiang , Duan Lei , Dreni Ludovico , Zhang Dabing 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Organ size is determined mainly by cell division and cell expansion. Several genetic factors regulating development of plant lateral organs have been characterized, but those involved in determining reproductive organ size and separation in rice (Oryza sativa) remain unknown.

We have isolated the rice gene SMALL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS (SRO) encoding a nucleus‐localized Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger protein orthologous to Arabidopsis transcription factor (TF) SUPERMAN (SUP). Combined developmental, genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses were used to determine the function of SRO in regulating reproductive organ size.

SRO affects genes involved in cell division, cell expansion and phytohormone signalling in the rice flower. SRO is specifically expressed in the first stages of stamen filament development to regulate their correct formation and separation. In addition, SRO noncell‐autonomously regulates the size and functionality of male and female reproductive organs. The B‐class MADS‐box gene OsMADS16/SPW1 is epistatic to SRO, whereas SRO regulates reproductive organ specification and floral meristem determinacy synergistically with C‐class genes OsMADS3 and OsMADS58.

These findings provide insights into how an evolutionarily conserved TF has a pivotal role in reproductive organ development in core eudicots and monocots, through partially conserved expression, function and regulatory network.
Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition
Authors: Wen Zhihui , White Philip J. , Shen Jianbo , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore root trait variation and belowground resource‐acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions of root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, root exudation, with a significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5–21% of total photosynthetically fixed C) to enhance resource acquisition, remains a missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating root exudation into the structure of RES is key to a holistic understanding of soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight the different functional roles of root exudates in soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Thereafter, we synthesize emerging evidence that illustrates how root exudation interacts with root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses at the level of species and individual plant and argue contrasting patterns in species evolved in P‐impoverished vs N‐limited environments. Finally, we propose a new conceptual framework, integrating three groups of root functional traits to better capture the complexity of belowground resource‐acquisition strategies. Such a deeper understanding of the integrated and dynamic interactions of root morphology, root exudation, and mycorrhizal symbioses will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying species coexistence and how to explore belowground interactions for sustainable managed systems.
Imatinib has minimal effects on inflammatory and osteopenic phenotypes in a murine cherubism model
Authors: Mukai Tomoyuki , Akagi Takahiko , Hiramatsu Asano Sumie , Tosa Ikue , Ono Mitsuaki , Kittaka Mizuho , Ueki Yasuyoshi , Yahagi Ayano , Iseki Masanori , Oohashi Toshitaka , Ishihara Katsuhiko , Morita Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveCherubism is a genetic disorder characterised by bilateral jawbone deformation. The associated jawbone lesions regress after puberty, whereas severe cases require surgical treatment. Although several drugs have been tested, fundamental treatment strategies for cherubism have not been established. The effectiveness of imatinib has recently been reported; however, its pharmaceutical mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effects of imatinib using a cherubism mouse model.MethodsWe used Sh3bp2 P416R cherubism mutant mice, which exhibit systemic organ inflammation and osteopenia. The effects of imatinib were determined using primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Imatinib was administered intraperitoneally to the mice, and serum tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), organ inflammation and bone properties were examined.ResultsThe cherubism mutant macrophages produced higher levels of TNFα in response to lipopolysaccharide compared to wild‐type macrophages, and imatinib did not significantly suppress TNFα production. Although imatinib suppressed osteoclast formation in vitro, administering it in vivo did not suppress organ inflammation and osteopenia.ConclusionThe in vivo administration of imatinib had a minimal therapeutic impact in cherubism mutant mice. To establish better pharmaceutical interventions, it is necessary to integrate new findings from murine models with clinical data from patients with a definitive diagnosis of cherubism.
Deletion of the yqeK gene leads to the accumulation of Ap4A and reduced biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zheng Ting , Jing Meiling , Gong Tao , Yan Jiangchuan , Zeng Jumei , Li Yuqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiadenosine‐5′,5′′′‐P1, P4‐tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a second messenger playing a crucial role in various life activities of bacteria. The increase of Ap4A expression is pleiotropic, resulting in an impairment in the formation of biofilm and other physiological functions in some bacteria. However, Ap4A function in Streptococcus mutans, an important pathogen related to dental caries, remains unknown. In this work, the Ap4A hydrolase, YqeK, was identified and characterized in S. mutans. Then, the effects of yqeK deletion on the growth, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) quantification in S. mutans were determined by the assessment of the growth curve, crystal violet, and anthrone‐sulfuric acid, respectively, and visualized by microscopy. The results showed that the in‐frame deletion of the yqeK gene in S. mutans UA159 led to an increase in Ap4A levels, lag phase in the early growth, as well as decrease in biofilm formation and water‐insoluble exopolysaccharide production. Global gene expression profile showed that the expression of 88 genes was changed in the yqeK mutant, and among these, 42 were upregulated and 46 were downregulated when compared with the wild‐type S. mutans UA159. Upregulated genes were mainly involved in post‐translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Important virulence genes related to biofilms, such as gtfB, gtfC, and gbpC, were also significantly downregulated. In conclusion, these results indicated that YqeK affected the formation of biofilms and the expression of biofilm‐related genes in S. mutans.