bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline magmatism on Neo‐Tethyan extensional domains: Evidences from the Gejiu complex in Yunnan, China
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fei , Dong Guo‐Chen , Santosh M. , Liu Chang , Chen Wei , Liang Jing‐Li , Zhang Yin‐Chu 
Published: May 2021

The Gejiu alkaline complex (GAC) within the western part of the Youjiang Basin provides a window to investigate the evolution in the junction of Cathaysia, Yangtze and Indochina blocks. Here, we investigate the GAC in terms of their petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data to gain insights into the origin and evolution of the alkaline magma. The GAC is lithologically composed of alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites, in which some were altered into sericite syenites. Zircon U–Pb dating of the alkali syenites yielded an age of 85.03 ± 0.47 Ma, which is slightly older than the feldspathoid syenites. The alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites are silica‐saturated and silica‐undersaturated, respectively, and are characterized by high alkalinity with K2O + Na2O of 11.55–17.08 wt% and Al2O3 of 18.57–22.49 wt%, low MgO of 0.11–1.39 wt%, weakly negative Eu anomalies, enrichments of LILEs such as Th and U, HFSEs like Zr and Hf but depletion of Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, P, Ti, strongly fractionated LREEs to HREEs. Their uniform Sr–Nd isotope composition with initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.708802–0.710571 and εNd(t) = −7.1 to −6.6 indicates that they were products of a homologous magma. They crystallized at c. 810–956°C and have a relatively high magmatic oxygen fugacity. Our geochemical and isotopic data proved that the GAC magma was derived from the low‐degree partial melting (<10%) of a phlogopite‐bearing‐enriched mantle that was metasomatized by subducting sediments and originated possibly from the spinel and garnet transition zone at a depth of 60–80 km and a pressure of about 1.8–2.4 Gpa. The primary magma experienced protracted two‐stage crystal fractionation of clinopyroxene+amphibole and biotite+K‐feldspar, forming alkali syenites and feldspathoid syenites. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role in their formation. Considering previous tectonic studies, it was therefore proposed that the GAC formed in an extensional tectonic setting related to the Neo‐Tethyan tectonic regions during the Late Cretaceous.
Conductivity characteristics of human lung tissues
Authors: Wang Yaru , Yue Shihong , Chen Jun , Li Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the treatment of lung cancer, bedside monitoring plays an important role. X‐ray computed tomography, as a mostly used technique, cannot provide medical surveillance for lung cancer patients in real‐time. In comparison, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has the potential to solve the issue by visualizing human respiratory system; however, its spatial resolution is too low to locate the real pulmonary lesions. One feasible method is to incorporate priori information into the process of EIT imaging. This study aims to investigate the conductivity characteristics of human lung tissues as priori information. First, the impedance spectra of human lung tissues in surgical operation were measured in time in a measurement system. Then, two‐ and three‐dimensional lung models were established. Finally, the conductivity distribution models of cancerous and normal lung tissues were established. Overall, the conductivity of left lung was larger than that of right lung; the conductivity of lower lobe was larger in left lung, whereas the conductivity of upper lobe was larger in right lung. When tissues became cancerous, the conductivity increased by 33.5% on average, and by 34.8 and 31.4% in the left and right lung, respectively. The conductivity in left lung changed more obviously; and it changed more obviously in posterior basal segment of lower lobe in left lung, as well as at apex in right lung. These conclusions can lay the foundation for the further research of improving the spatial resolution of EIT for lung cancer monitoring.
Ultraviolet light accelerates the degradation of polyethylene plastics
Authors: Doğan Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolyethylene plastics are widely used in daily life in the packaging of foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and chemicals. In this study, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was exposed to an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence lamp in simulated aging and degradation experiments. Ultraviolet degradation mechanisms were investigated on the surface after sunlight and UV lamp exposure. The plastic surfaces' molecular and surface degradation results were compared with their Fourier Transform Infrared‐Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) and ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectra. By growing the length of exposure time increased stages of degradation were observed. After UV lamp and sunlight exposure, changing degradation levels were also determined with spectroscopic evaluations and the results were compared. LDPE was selected since it has a simple structure and a number of branched polymer structures that facilitate easily disruption of the chemical bond. Breaks in the polymer chain were easily seen in the plastics at the end of degradation and a fragile structure was formed throughout the polymer chain after accelerating UV light aging. The FTIR spectrum clarified the changed and fractured molecular bond structures of UV‐exposed polyethylene. The change in the molecular structure of the plastic caused small changes in its color and small variations in this color change were detected by recording the Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectrum. The Philips UV lamp's light intensity and the wavelength spectrum range were measured. The UV lamp and sun UV light doses were calculated and compared.
Analysis of enamel/restoration interface submitted cariogenic challenge and fluoride release
Authors: Rodrigues Raquel Viana , Sampaio Camila Sobral , Girotto Aline Carvalho , Pinhatti Caroline Paiuta , Iwamoto Alexsandra Shizue , de Freitas Anderson Zanardi , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Puppin‐Rontani Regina Maria , Pascon Fernanda Miori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe treatment of high‐risk patients still is a challenge. The understanding and development non‐invasive, non‐destructive, and non‐ionizing techniques, can help to guide the treatment and the diagnosis of primary and recurrent caries. The present study evaluated the behavior of enamel/restoration interface after a cariogenic challenge by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, and the fluoride release of the different restorative materials. Cavities (1.5 × 0.5 mm) were performed in enamel surface and divided into groups (n = 8): glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and resin composite (RC). The samples were submitted to pH‐cycling, and the solutions analyzed for cumulative fluoride by ion‐analyzer. The morphology was analyzed by SEM through replicas. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) was calculated through exponential decay from the images generated by FD‐OCT. Data were analyzed considering α = 0.05. OAC values increased for all groups after pH‐cycling indicating demineralization (p < .05). Considering the remineralizing solution, RMGIC presented higher fluoride release rate, followed by GIC, while RC did not release any fluoride. Yet for the demineralizing solution, RMGIC and GIC released similar fluoride rates, overcoming RC (p < .05). Micrographs revealed no changes on the restorations margins, although enamel detachment was observed for RC and GIC after pH‐cycling.
High dose genistein in Sanfilippo syndrome: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ghosh Arunabha , Rust Stewart , Langford‐Smith Kia , Weisberg Daniel , Canal Maria , Breen Catherine , Hepburn Michelle , Tylee Karen , Vaz Frédéric M. , Vail Andy , Wijburg Frits , O'Leary Claire , Parker Helen , Wraith J. Ed , Bigger Brian W. , Jones Simon A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high dose genistein aglycone in Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III). High doses of genistein aglycone have been shown to correct neuropathology and hyperactive behaviour in mice, but efficacy in humans is uncertain. This was a single centre, double‐blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled study with open‐label extension phase. Randomised participants received either 160 mg/kg/day genistein aglycone or placebo for 12 months; subsequently all participants received genistein for 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the change in heparan sulfate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with secondary outcome measures including heparan sulfate in plasma and urine, total glycosaminoglycans in urine, cognitive and adaptive behaviour scores, quality of life measures and actigraphy. Twenty‐one participants were randomised and 20 completed the placebo‐controlled phase. After 12 months of treatment, the CSF heparan sulfate concentration was 5.5% lower in the genistein group (adjusted for baseline values), but this was not statistically significant (P = .26), and CSF heparan sulfate increased in both groups during the open‐label extension phase. Reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycans was significantly greater in the genistein group (32.1% lower than placebo after 12 months, P = .0495). Other biochemical and clinical parameters showed no significant differences between groups. High dose genistein aglycone (160 mg/kg/day) was not associated with clinically meaningful reductions in CSF heparan sulfate and no evidence of clinical efficacy was detected. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in urine glycosaminoglycans. These data do not support the use of genistein aglycone therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis type III. High dose genistein aglycone does not lead to clinically meaningful reductions in biomarkers or improvement in neuropsychological outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis type III.
Chaotropic salts impact in HPLC approaches for simultaneous analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs
Authors: Shulyak Nataliia , Piponski Marjan , Kovalenko Sergiy , Stoimenova Tanja Bakovska , Drapak Iryna , Piponska Magdalena , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Abbeyquaye Annie Donkor , Oleshchuk Oleksandra , Logoyda Liliya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimultaneous determination of drugs with different physicochemical properties necessitates thorough research and careful selection of high‐performance liquid chromatography conditions. In the present study, various concepts of high‐performance liquid chromatography method development for this aim have been discussed. Moreover, the work was motivated by the advantages of utilizing different chaotropic anions as a new promising approach to overcome the limitations of ion‐pairing agents commonly used for this purpose. Based on log P values, atorvastatin (log P = 6.36) and lisinopril (log P = –1.22) were chosen as representative examples for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. Several simple, economic, fast, and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography methods were developed for their simultaneous analysis and are presented in a comparative manner, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Peak elution profile showed satisfying retentions and resolution about 3. Photo‐diode array calculations were exploited for identifying the molecules by their ultra‐violet spectra and peak purity, calculated and presented as rectangular‐shaped ratio grams. The linearity check showed excellent results and satisfactory system suitability parameters of both peaks. This confirms the investigation results and conclusions for the influence of the chaotropic salts on N‐containing molecules, by increasing their retentivities, and improving peak shapes, even on different quality columns without end‐capping and base‐deactivating of separation matrixes.
Predictors of Clinician‐Reported Self‐Efficacy in Treating Trauma‐Exposed Youth
Authors: Becker‐Haimes Emily M. , Wislocki Katherine , DiDonato Stephen , Jensen‐Doss Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClinicians’ self‐efficacy with regard to delivering evidence‐based interventions (EBIs) to youth is an important target for both improving EBI use in the community and mitigating the risk of clinician burnout and turnover. Examining predictors of clinician self‐efficacy to treat trauma‐exposed youth is, therefore, an important step for informing the design of implementation strategies to enhance the mental health workforce's capacity to deliver EBIs in this population. We examined predictors of clinician self‐efficacy in working with trauma‐exposed youth in a sample of practicing mental health clinicians (N = 258, M age = 34.4 years, 85.0% female). Clinicians were recruited and surveyed as part of a larger study examining how clients’ exposure to potentially traumatic events influences clinician decision‐making. Results of regression models indicated that training in any trauma treatment model, being trained via a variety of formats (e.g., in‐person training, online, supervision), and training in a variety of treatment models were all associated with higher perceived self‐efficacy regarding effectively treating trauma‐exposed youth. Of the treatment models and training formats examined, receiving in‐person training, R2 = .10, and training in trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy, R2 = .10, were the strongest predictors of higher self‐efficacy ratings. Clinician discipline, R2 = .04, and clinical practice factors, R2 = .20, were also related to self‐efficacy. Collectively, the R2 indicated a large effect, with the predictors explaining 25.4% of the variance in self‐efficacy ratings. Implications for designing implementation strategies targeting clinician self‐efficacy and future research are discussed.
Journal editors and journal indexes: Internationalization pressures in the semi‐periphery of the world of science
Authors: Koch Tomas , Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeer‐reviewed journals are routinely monitored in the world of science, especially on the basis of their performance in international scholarly indexes such as Web of Science and Scopus. While critics have highlighted the bias and 'unintended consequences' of these instruments, it is not at all clear how these indexes are changing the ways in which research takes place. In this paper, we discuss the opportunities and problems facing scientific journals within this environment. By means of 12 qualitative interviews with editors‐in‐chief of WoS‐indexed journals edited in Chile, we analyse the editors' perceptions and strategies to surf within this environment. The article highlights the current tensions that indexation brings for the journals and some strategies to cope with them, the negotiation processes with their traditional audiences, and the conflicts that emerge in the current internationalization processes led by international scientific indexes. Finally, the paper concludes by reflecting on the possibilities and pitfalls that index‐led internationalization has for journals, especially in so‐called semi‐peripheral communities.
Numerical simulations of upslope fog observed at Beppu Bay in Oita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ohashi Yukitaka , Suido Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study focussed on the formation of upslope fog. This fog causes chronic expressway closures near Beppu Bay (BB) in Oita Prefecture, Japan. A dense fog event, occurring on 3 and 4 May 2020, resulting from the passage of an extratropical cyclone through the southern Japanese islands, was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model. The simulation results indicated that warm and humid air with a lifting condensation level less than 20 m flowed into a plain from BB. Simulated fog and poor visibility were more severe on mountain slope adjacent to BB than on the surroundings. Here, the westward horizontal flux of water vapour by the wind flow was prolonged at lower heights. Analyses of the simulated elements verified that the upslope fog was induced by moist adiabatic cooling of the air lifted by the upslope winds. At the mature stage of upslope fog, a simulated local vertical circulation generated in conjunction with the upper synoptic flow extended the dense fog into the upper atmosphere over BB. During the decaying stage of upslope fog on mountain, a fog covered on the entire BB. This was associated with weakening winds at lower heights. Sensitivity experiments for model boundary conditions supported the importance of mountain steepness and the rectangular shape of BB for the generation of upslope fog. Finally, an application possibility of dense fog forecasts was discussed by using a simulated difference in the equivalent potential temperature between the base of the mountain and Beppuwan expressway interchange located midslope.
Flexible and fast multi‐level modulation format identification using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing redundancy subcarriers
Authors: Mao Rui , Gao Kaiqiang , Zhang Qi , Wang Xishuo , Gao Ran , Xin Xiangjun , Tian Qinghua , Tian Feng , Zhang Jinlong , Liu Bingchun , Jiang Jinkun , Xie Rongzhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompared with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, the subcarrier‐index modulation OFDM communication system can alleviate the problem of peak‐to‐average power ratio and the frequency offset sensitivity. Therefore, the problem of inter carrier interference (ICI) and low power of the radio frequency amplifier in OFDM communication system can be solved to some extent. A fast and flexible modulation format recognition (MFR) scheme utilizing OFDM redundancy subcarriers is proposed in order to solve the MFR problem in coherent optical OFDM transmission. The scheme uses the silent subcarrier position of OFDM to carry modulation format information (MFI) and the receiving end decodes the MFI index by comparing the modulus values of the redundant symbols. It can recognize the phase shift keying (PSK) and multiple quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) modulation formats block by block. The number of symbols required by the proposed MFR is equal to the number of OFDM subcarriers, and the average time to get the recognition result in a block is O(1). We numerically investigate the proposed MFR among 20 Gbaud 4/16/32/64 QAM and 8/16 PSK. The results show that the correct recognition rate of the proposed scheme is not affected by the modulation formats. In particular, the proposed MFR is a potential solution for future flexible optical networks.
An integrated user‐system approach for shelter location and evacuation routing
Authors: Esposito Amideo Annunziata , Scaparra Maria Paola , Sforza Antonio , Sterle Claudio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisasters are catastrophic events that can severely affect the life conditions of entire communities. Disaster‐related issues are usually dealt with according to the Disaster Operations Management framework, which is composed of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This work focuses on two crucial operations belonging to the response phase: shelter location and evacuation of endangered populations. Specifically, the ultimate scope of this paper is to present some applications of a scenario‐based mixed‐integer two‐stage linear program which integrates shelter location with two different types of evacuation, self‐ (or car‐based) evacuation and supported‐ (or bus‐based) evacuation, namely the Scenario‐Indexed Shelter Location and Evacuation Routing (SISLER) model. The SISLER model is solved using an off‐the‐shelf optimization software, whose performance is improved through the addition of some valid inequalities which are added at the root node of the solution tree to improve the lower bound. Computational results are reported for both testbed instances and a realistic case study (Sioux Falls network). The analysis of the solutions provides some useful managerial insights for relevant stakeholders working within the shelter location and evacuation planning area, such as emergency management practitioners and public service providers.
Patient safety educational interventions: A systematic review with recommendations for nurse educators
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Morse Brenna L. , Kim Na Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis study identified and evaluated tested patient safety educational interventions. This study also described the content, curricular structures and teaching strategies of the educational interventions and determined the methods used for evaluating patient safety learning outcomes.DesignThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines directed this review.MethodsSearches for articles describing and evaluating patient safety educational interventions were conducted using four scholarly databases. Study quality was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were either presented as stand‐alone courses or as lessons embedded in an existing course. All studies employed a mixture of various teaching modalities and several evaluation methods and outcomes. Mixed results were observed in terms of the effects of educational interventions. Future researchers should continue to develop patient safety curricula and examine their effect on student competencies with stronger methodological rigour.
Subcutaneous implantable pleural port catheter in the management of malignant pleural effusions in young patients with solid tumors: A new option in the armamentarium of symptomatic treatment
Authors: Malterre Aline , Cohen‐Gogo Sarah , Kriegel Irène , d'Avout Fourdinier Perrine , Bouleuc Carole , Lemelle Lauriane , Surun Aurore , Cordero Camille , Pacquement Hélène , Orbach Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe contribution of subcutaneous implantable pleural port catheter (SIPP) for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) management in young patients with cancer, in a palliative care setting is not well explored. This monocentric series analyzed 38 patients, median age 18 years (range 3–25) with significant pleural effusion. SIPP were considered efficient for eight of 12 evaluable patients (67%) and allowed MPE outpatient management in five cases. SIPPs are safe and efficient device to manage MPE patients with solid tumors, in the palliative care setting. This original tool could help health care providers for thoracic symptom management in alternative to iterative pleural punctures.
Atomic Scale Tracking of Single Layer Oxide Formation: Self‐Peeling and Phase Transition in Solution
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Jiang Youhong , Fan Qiyuan , Qu Mi , He Nana , Deng Junxian , Sun Yue , Cheng Jun , Liao Hong‐Gang , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiquid phase electron microscopy (TEM) is used to track the formation of In2O3 ultrathin nanosheet in solution at atomic scale. This observation reveals that the formation of few atomic layer nanosheet goes through a complicated phase transition process from InCl3.3H2O to In(OH)3 and then to In2O3. Interestingly, the intermediate InCl3.3H2O nanosheet can grow via either layer by layer or the strain‐driven enation growth from precursor solution. Moreover, in situ TEM results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the oleylamine is responsible for the self‐peeling process. These findings can provide atomic‐level insight for the understanding of how 2D nanomaterial grows and transforms in solution.