bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A social franchising approach to strengthening infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling improves the quality of services at health facilities in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong H. , Menon Purnima , Kim Sunny , Hajeebhoy Nemat , Tran Lan M. , Ruel Marie T. , Rawat Rahul 
Published: June 2021

A network of social franchises was established in 780 government health facilities in Vietnam under the Alive & Thrive initiative to provide a standardized package of IYCF counseling services with upgraded physical spaces, educational materials, and specialized training of health staff. We studied the quality of care at franchise facilities (FF) compared to standard facilities (SF) across 3 dimensions: structure, process and outcome. A mixed methods approach was used to study quality of care in the context of a process evaluation. Data collection included facility inventories, staff surveys, observations of counseling sessions and client exit interviews. Compared to SF, FF had better physical infrastructure and materials (structure), service delivery (process), and client satisfaction (outcome). FF counselors had greater interpersonal communication skills than SF counselors (score 14.2 vs. 9.0, range 0–22), and better knowledge of optimal breastfeeding practices (score 11.5 vs. 9.8 range 0–13). Smaller differences were observed for counseling on complementary feeding between FF and SF (score 5.5 vs. 4.3, range 0–9). In conclusion, a social franchise approach enables the provision of higher quality nutrition counseling services within government health facilities and has potential to improve IYCF practices. Impact will depend upon high utilization and adherence to counseling recommendations.Funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI360
Trends in dietary carbohydrate consumption from 1991–2008 in the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort
Authors: Makarem Nour , Scott Marc , Quatromoni Paula , Jacques Paul , Parekh Niyati 
Published: June 2021

Longitudinal studies evaluating trends in dietary carbohydrate consumption among U.S. adults are limited. More recent studies reflective of the changes in food supply are needed to evaluate long‐term intakes and to compare them to dietary recommendations. We examined trends in dietary carbohydrate intake in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort over a 17‐year period. The FHS offspring generation was recruited in 1971–75. Follow‐up exams were conducted every 4 years. Dietary data collection began at Exam 5 in 1991 using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. This analysis included 3265 adults ages ≥25y with complete dietary data in at least three exams from 1991–2008. Mixed effects linear regression was used to examine trends in macronutrient and food intake using SASv9.3. Over 17 years of follow‐up, % energy from total carbohydrates (50.95% to 46.84%; p‐trend<0.0005) and from total sugars (18.19 % to 16.62%; p‐trend<0.0005) decreased. There was a decrease in % energy from fructose (5.41 to 4.76 %; p‐trend <0.0005) and % energy from sugar in beverages (1.43% to 0.9%, p‐trend<0.0005). Dietary fiber intake increased (18.01 to 19.21g, p‐trend<0.0005). Similar trends were observed when the analyses were stratified by sex. These results suggest some improvement in dietary carbohydrate quality over time in this cohort.Grant Funding Source: American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant (#RSG‐12–005–01‐CNE)
Fortification of Donor Human Milk for Premature Infants
Authors: Bissett Emily , Fogleman April , Cohen Ronald , Sakamoto Pauline , Allen Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Premature infants at risk for metabolic bone disease may need increased minerals for normal bone mineralization, in which case supplementation of donor human milk (DHM) with calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and post‐discharge formula (PDF) is common. The bioavailability of these additives has not been proven. Objectives were to study the effect of Ca, P, and PDF supplementation on the bioaccessibility of calcium and phosphate. A novel in‐vitro model of the premature infant's gastrointestinal tract was developed to simulate effects of digestion, absorption and transport. Calcium and phosphate were measured before and after in‐vitro digestion in DHM with and without added supplements. Bioaccessible calcium was greater in DHM with supplemental calcium and calcium and phosphate together than in DHM alone or with supplemental PDF (p < 0.0001). Bioaccessible phosphate was not significantly different between treatment groups. The addition of minerals rather than PDF provides the most bioaccessible calcium.Funded by San Jose Mothers’ Milk Bank
Association between abdominal adipose tissue mass with anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables in a subgroup of males and females from the Canola Oil Multicentre Intervention Trial (COMIT)
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , West Sheila G. , Lamarche Benoit , Jenkins David J. , Fleming Jennifer A. , Jones Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) differ metabolically. Excessive VAT is linked to obesity‐related disease. We evaluated the association between baseline abdominal SAT, VAT and cardiometabolic (glucose) and anthropometric measurements in a subgroup of participants from COMIT (F=7, M=7) with increased waist circumference (F: >;80 cm; M: >; 94 cm). MRI images were analyzed to separate the SAT and VAT; 3 slices centered between lumbar vertebrae L4–5 were calculated. Abdominal and total fat mass were measured by DXA. In females, SAT was positively correlated with abdominal (r=0.86, p=0.013) and total (r=0.82, p=0.02) fat mass and with waist circumference (r=0.84, p=0.02). In males, VAT was positively associated with abdominal fat mass (r=0.93, p=0.002) and demonstrated a strong tendency with waist circumference (r=0.75, p=0.051). SAT also correlated with total fat mass (r=0.73, p=0.06). Glucose levels were positively associated with SAT and VAT in females (r=0.84, p=0.02; r=0.86, p=0.04). In summary, in females, SAT is positively correlated with fat mass, waist circumference; SAT and VAT may contribute to elevated glucose levels. In males, VAT alone was positively associated with abdominal fat mass and increased waist circumference. Gender differences were observed for SAT and VAT depots; further research on differing metabolic responses between males and females is warranted.Grant Funding Source: Canola Council of Canada
Identification of morphological and hemodynamic biomarkers for tumor vascular perfusion through mathematical modeling and high‐resolution imaging
Authors: Stamatelos Spyros K , Kim Eugene , Pathak Arvind P , Popel Aleksander S 
Published: June 2021

Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, and involves the process of blood vessel formation from pre‐existing host and tumor vascular networks. Tumor vascularity and blood flow are chaotic and heterogeneous, making delivery of therapeutic agents to solid tumors inefficient. Image‐based mechanistic hemodynamic modeling can facilitate the understanding of tumor blood perfusion and the design of drug delivery and anti‐angiogenic therapy strategies.The experimental protocol involves the development of breast cancer xenografts in mice. Ex‐vivo high resolution imaging is conducted using micro‐computed tomography, and 3‐D image reconstruction and segmentation leads to a “wide‐area” mapping of the vasculature. This process is highly anisotropic involving complex geometries, and it was necessary to develop an image‐bioinformatics algorithm to ensure connectivity among vessels. This methodology includes a 3‐D tracing algorithm which optimizes the geometry based on local cues. The mathematical formulation for blood flow is based on Poiseuille‐like law for pressure drop and nonlinear rheological equations for local apparent viscosity and hematocrit. Comparison of tumor regions across samples and time points, based on a number of morphological and hemodynamic measures, allows the identification of biomarkers for drug delivery.Supported by NIH grant R01 CA138264 and Komen Foundation Grant KG090640.
Vitamin D receptor and Estrogen receptor alpha Genotype affects Exercise related Bone mass in Japanese healthy women
Authors: Kondo Hiroyo , Fujino Hidemi , Murakami Shinichiro , Fujita Naoto , Nagatomo Fumiko , Ishihara Akihiko 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and/or fragile bone. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) are a good genetic candidate for a prime regulator of bone metabolism. The purpose of this study was to assess the interactive effects of exercise, food intake, VDR and/or ESR1 polymorphism on bone mass.METHODS240 healthy young women (20–23 yr) were recruited in this study. Bone mass and body composition were measured. Food frequency and exercise‐related questionnaires were used to estimate calcium intake and exercise intensity. The VDR (rs7975232) and ESR1 (rs2234693) polymorphisms were genotyped using the TaqMan‐based SNP method.RESULTSExercise and milk‐intake were significantly associated with bone mass in the whole subjects. The bone mass in non‐exercised participants with CC homozygote in ESR1 was lower than that in TT homozygote. The bone mass in high‐intensity exercised participants carrying CC heterozygotes in ESR1 and VDR was significantly higher than that in low‐intensity.These results suggest that exercise attenuates are the increase of peak bone mass in young women carrying C allele in VDR and ESR1.Supported by Grants‐in‐Aid for Science Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
ZnT2‐null mice have distinct morphological defects in the mammary gland that impair development and function
Authors: Lee Sooyeon , Hennigar Stephen R , Alam Samina , Kelleher Shannon L 
Published: June 2021

Women with genetic variation in ZnT2 have ~75% lower milk zinc (Zn) levels during lactation. ZnT2 imports Zn into mitochondria and secretory vesicles in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), which suggests that ZnT2 plays critical roles in mammary gland (MG) function and Zn secretion into milk. We used female ZnT2‐null (KO) mice to explore effects on MG function. While plasma Zn was similar, MG Zn content was significantly lower in adult KO compared with wild‐type (WT) mice (5.6 ± 0.5 vs 11.4 ± 0.9 μg/g; p<0.05). KO MGs had irregular ductal branching, tightly clustered alveoli and greater collagen deposition around collapsed ducts. MG Zn content increased in both genotypes during lactation, but metallothionein expression was ~7 fold higher (p<0.05) in KO compared with WT mice, suggesting Zn sequestration. Lipid accumulation was noted in MECs and the alveolar lumen of KO mice, suggesting secretion defects. Mice were bred and although pregnancy rate, litter size and weight were similar, KO mice had fewer litters surviving past d1 compared with WT mice (41% ± 46 vs 96% ± 6.1; p<0.05). Interestingly, pups from KO dams had greater total body Zn content compared with WT pups (77.7 ± 3.2 vs 56.9 ± 7.4 μg/g; p<0.05), suggesting Zn transfer in utero was enhanced. Our data implicate ZnT2 as a critical mediator of MG development and function and suggest that women with genetic variation in ZnT2 may have substantial lactational defects beyond the inability to transfer sufficient Zn into milk.Supported by NIH #HD058614 to SLK.
When a cadaver presents a multi‐systemic dilemma
Authors: Locke Ben Charles , Dillard Attallah Siedah , Nusse Gloria 
Published: June 2021

Factors affecting the actual death of an individual can be convoluted, ambiguous, and tangled. When cadavers arrive in the San Francisco State University anatomy lab they are accompanied by a cause of death report. Such was the case with an 83‐year‐old adult female cadaver. Her cause of death was respiratory failure with contributing causes listed as degenerative arthritis, depression, dementia, and reflux esophagitis. Although respiratory failure was the primary cause of death, upon dissection her body revealed several abnormalities that were not mentioned in the death certificate. Foremost of which was a 2.5 cm depression in the right frontotemporal lobe as well an unusual digestive tract, which was almost completely avascular in appearance. This poster presents these unusual findings.Grant Funding Source: none
The star of venous revealed
Authors: Tugbenyoh Mawuli Kofi‐Doe 
Published: June 2021

The “star of venous” is a structure that is grossly overlooked in undergraduate anatomy classes as well as in many textbooks. The more recognizable name for this structure is the saphenofemoral junction. In an average of 37% of cases, a patient presents with a true “star of venous”. It is a venous junction, not duplicated in arteries, between the greater saphenous, great circumflex, epigastric, femoral, external iliac and one or several of the external pudenal, veins. The “star of venous” is located within the femoral triangle deep and inferior to Allan Burns’ ligament.The “star of venous” carries great significance when preforming surgeries such as inguinal hernia repair, or on an ectasia of the saphenofemoral junction, or during greater saphenous stripping for coronary artery revascularization.Dissection of the “star of venous” is relatively easy to do but also easy to remove if you don't know it is there. It is these types of amazing and elegant structures that are small but carry a large significance in the human body. If students are aware of the “star of venous” when learning anatomy they may gain a real relevance and perspective to its importance.Grant Funding Source: Biology Department
The flexor digitorum breves manus and contrahentes muscles in Afrotheria and other mammals
Authors: Voegele Georgina 
Published: June 2021

The mammalian clade Afrotheria was created as a result of Stanhope et al, 1998. Paleontologists and comparative anatomists have struggled to find unique skeletal and dental features that characterize the clade, but there has been very little research on the soft tissue anatomy of afrotherian mammals. My dissertation research has focused on dissecting the forelimbs of members of Afrotheria: three sengis (Order Macroscelidea), two hyraxes (Order Hyracoidea), one aardvark (Order Tubulidentata), two tenrecs and one golden mole (Order Afrosoricida), and comparing their anatomy with published descriptions of other mammals. Features of particular interest within the afrotherian hand are the robust and unusual flexor breves digitorum manus and the pattern of the contrahentes. Also of note are the sesamoid bones in the flexor retinaculum and over the carpals, the relative unimportance of the flexor digitorum superficialis, and the distribution of the median and ulnar nerves.Grant Funding Source: none
Undescribed variation of the sciatic nerve
Authors: Jacomo Alfredo Luiz , Saleh Samir Omar , De Ataíde Gamaliel Silva Alves , Andrade Mauro , Akamatsu Flávia Emi 
Published: June 2021

Piriformis muscle syndrome has been increasingly recognized as a cause of leg pain. Overuse, strain, or anatomical variations of the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle are thought to be the underlying causes of the entrapment of the sciatic nerve. We report a previously undescribed variation found during a routine dissectionDuring a routine dissection of the left gluteal region of an adult male cadaver we observed a high division of the sciatic nerve and the presence of an accessory piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve divided beneath the piriformis muscle and the common fibular nerve passed over the accessory piriformis muscle, whereas the tibial nerve reflected anteriorly to pass between the accessory piriformis and the superior gemellus muscle. Additionally, both nerves communicated with a side branch under the inferior border of the accessory piriformis muscle and the inferior gluteal nerve originated from the fibular nerve.Anatomical variations in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve may be present in up to 17% of the population. Six different variations have been described and none of them is similar to our description. Though complete understanding of the physiopathology of the piriformis muscle syndrome remains to be elucidated, knowledge of the possible anatomical variations may be useful for its adequate diagnosis and treatment.
Structure and function of Holliday junctions complexed with ions and HU protein
Authors: Nocka Laura Margaret , Mukerji Ishita , Beveridge David L. , Wheatley Liz , Vitoc C. Iulia 
Published: June 2021

DNA four‐way junctions (4WJ) are central intermediates in processes such as replication and recombination. This project studies how different conformations of the junction relate to function, and how proteins interact with the junction to enhance or repress function. Previously, we have examined the 4WJ structure in the presence of different ions, and used Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to map the binding site of the protein HU onto the junction. These FRET measurements were used to build four different models for the binding of HU protein to the Holliday Junction, an interaction with a stoichiometry of 2 to 1. Molecular dynamics simulations ensured that the models were energetically stable. The three stable models included HU bound to the major groove, minor groove, or face‐to‐face. The fourth model, which contained an open junction, though stable, did not agree with the FRET data acquired for the system. Further FRET measurements are needed to narrow the possible orientations for HU binding the junction. To address the function of the protein‐bound junction, a new, migrating 4WJ is being created and characterized. This 4WJ will be analyzed by FRET in the presence of ions and proteins to compare to the characteristics of the stationary junction. The free energy of both the mobile and immobile junctions will be analyzed by molecular dynamics to predict stability of each construct alone and when complexed with HU.This research is supported by an the NSF (MCB‐0316625; MCB‐0843656 to I.M.), the NIH (GM‐076490 to D.L.B.), and by NIGMS Training grant T32GM08271.
Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies: Interpretation of Research Evidence
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz Sakr , Raiten Daniel , Ross Catharine , Meydani Simin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) project is intended to develop principles and guidance about the interaction and impact of inflammation on the selection, use and interpretation of current and new biomarkers specifically and nutrition more broadly. This project was a response to the increasing need expressed by the international nutrition community to address the bidirectional relationship between nutrition and inflammation. It is intended to inform the community on the state of our understanding about these relationships and to identify gaps in knowledge.ObjectiveTo summarize results of the INSPIRE deliberations.ResultsThe Scientific Steering Committee and the Secretariat developed four themes as a progression of thought from basic biology to specific nutrition/inflammation relationships and, finally, potential approaches and methodologies to address these relationships. Themes are: (1) Overview of the role of nutrition in immune function/inflammatory response, (2) Specific relationships between nutrients and immune function and inflammatory response, (3) Translating evidence to practice: approaches to addressing the nutrition and inflammation relationships, and (4) Methodologies and new technologies. Working Groups (WG) were constituted and charged with describing the extant evidence on each of the themes and the remaining gaps in knowledge.ConclusionThe WGs devised an outline for each theme, work assignments and timeline for drafting a report, which is meant to constitute the main product of this effort. WG members will meet in a workshop in November 28–30, 2012 to hear from invited experts and continue drafting the report.Support:BMGF; NIH.
In‐person versus phone contacts have most impact on breastfeeding success in a peer breastfeeding support program for low income mothers
Authors: Rozga Mary Rebekah , Benton Pat A , Jean Kerver M , Olson Beth H 
Published: June 2021

Breastfeeding peer counselor (PC) programs for low income women have been implemented nationwide, but evidence is limited on the effectiveness of in‐person versus phone contacts.OBJECTIVETo determine the impact of in‐person and phone contacts in a PC program on breastfeeding duration in low‐income women.METHODSData was collected for 12,939 women in Michigan's Breastfeeding Initiative Program from 2005–2011. β co‐efficients were calculated from linear regression to determine the impact of program contacts on total and exclusive breastfeeding duration among participants enrolled prenatally or postnatally.RESULTSAdjusted β values represents weeks of increased breastfeeding by each additional contact.

Durationa
Exclusive Duration

Prenatal (n= 4241)
≤ 4 wks Postnatal (n= 3806)
>; 4 wks Postnatal (n= 1434)
Prenatal (n=37 48)
≤ 4 wks Postnatal (n= 4626)
>; 4 wks Postnatal (n= 1480)

Hospital Any vs. None
3.2*
0.7
0.2
2.8*
−0.06
−0.8

Home
2.1*
2.5*
1.7*
0.9*
0.9*
0.2

Phone
1.8*
2.0*
1.7*
0.8*
0.8*
0.7*

p < 0.05 comparing β to 0.
Results adjusted for maternal education, race, residence (size of city), and marital status

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest in‐person contacts are very important to improving breastfeeding durations, especially for those able to enroll prior to birth. Further analysis is needed to determine the appropriate mix of contacts that is both effective and cost‐efficient.Grant Funding Source: Kellogg Foundation
Fecal microbiome and metabolites differ between breast and formula‐fed human infants
Authors: Wang Mei , Li Min , Chapkin Robert S. , Ivanov Ivan , Donovan Sharon M. 
Published: June 2021

Herein, an integrated analysis of the fecal microbiota, microbiome and metabolites of 3‐month‐old breast‐ (BF; n=6) or formula‐fed (FF; n=6) infants was performed. Microbial composition and functional microbiome were accessed by 16S rDNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic pyrosequencing, respectively. Fecal metabolites were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Distance‐based redundancy analysis distinguished the microbiota of BF from FF. BF infants harbored more Bacteroidetes, while FF had more Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (p<0.05). The microbiomes of BF and FF infants contained higher proportions of protein/amino acid vs. carbohydrate metabolism genes, respectively. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis discriminated fecal metabolomic profiles of BF vs. FF. The major metabolites enriched in BF infants were 15‐methylhexadecanoic acid, galactitol and maltose. The metabolites associated with FF were beta‐alanine, dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, decanoic acid and tyramine. Thus, early nutrition impacts the composition of the fecal microbiota, as well as the complement of microbial genes and metabolic products. (BMS Freedom to Discover Award).Grant Funding Source: BMS Freedom to Discover Award