bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ischaemic stroke on anticoagulation therapy and early recurrence in acute cardioembolic stroke: the IAC study
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Henninger Nils , Giles James A , Leon Guerrero Christopher , Mistry Eva , Liberman Ava L , Asad Daniyal , Liu Angela , Nagy Muhammad , Kaushal Ashutosh , Azher Idrees , Mac Grory Brian , Fakhri Hiba , Brown Espaillat Kiersten , Pasupuleti Hemanth , Martin Heather , Tan Jose , Veerasamy Manivannan , Esenwa Charles , Cheng Natalie , Moncrieffe Khadean , Moeini-Naghani Iman , Siddu Mithilesh , Scher Erica , Trivedi Tushar , Furie Karen L , Keyrouz Salah G , Nouh Amre , de Havenon Adam , Khan Muhib , Smith Eric E , Gurol M Edip 
Published: April 2021

Background and purposeA subset of ischaemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have ischaemic stroke despite anticoagulation. We sought to determine the association between prestroke anticoagulant therapy and recurrent ischaemic events and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH).MethodsWe included consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke and AF from the Initiation of Anticoagulation after Cardioembolic stroke (IAC) study from eight comprehensive stroke centres in the USA. We compared recurrent ischaemic events and delayed sICH risk using adjusted Cox regression analyses between patients who were prescribed anticoagulation (ACp) versus patients who were naïve to anticoagulation therapy prior to the ischaemic stroke (anticoagulation naïve).ResultsAmong 2084 patients in IAC, 1518 had prior anticoagulation status recorded and were followed for 90 days. In adjusted Cox hazard models, ACp was associated with some evidence of a higher risk higher risk of 90-day recurrent ischaemic events only in the fully adjusted model (adjusted HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.28, p=0.058) but not increased risk of 90-day sICH (adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.46 to 2.51, p=0.862). In addition, switching anticoagulation class was not associated with reduced risk of recurrent ischaemic events (adjusted HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.33, p=0.136) nor sICH (adjusted HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 7.50, p=0.641).ConclusionAF patients with ischaemic stroke despite anticoagulation may have higher recurrent ischaemic event risk compared with anticoagulation-naïve patients. This suggests differing underlying pathomechanisms requiring different stroke prevention measures and identifying these mechanisms may improve secondary prevention strategies.
Evaluation of structured data from electronic health records to identify clinical classification criteria attributes for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Walunas Theresa L , Ghosh Anika S , Pacheco Jennifer A , Mitrovic Vesna , Wu Andy , Jackson Kathryn L , Schusler Ryan , Chung Anh , Erickson Daniel , Mancera-Cuevas Karen , Luo Yuan , Kho Abel N , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveOur objective was to develop algorithms to identify lupus clinical classification criteria attributes using structured data found in the electronic health record (EHR) and determine whether they could be used to describe a cohort of people with lupus and discriminate them from a defined healthy control cohort.MethodsWe created gold standard lupus and healthy patient cohorts that were fully adjudicated for the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) and European League Against Rheumatism/ACR (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria and had matched EHR data. We implemented rule-based algorithms using structured data within the EHR system for each attribute of the three classification criteria. Individual criteria attribute and classification criteria algorithms as a whole were assessed over our combined cohorts and the overall performance of the algorithms was measured through sensitivity and specificity.ResultsIndividual classification criteria attributes had a wide range of sensitivities, 7% (oral ulcers) to 97% (haematological disorders) and specificities, 56% (haematological disorders) to 98% (photosensitivity), but all could be identified in EHR data. In general, algorithms based on laboratory results performed better than those primarily based on diagnosis codes. All three classification criteria systems effectively distinguished members of our case and control cohorts, but the SLICC criteria-based algorithm had the highest overall performance (76% sensitivity, 99% specificity).ConclusionsIt is possible to characterise disease manifestations in people with lupus using classification criteria-based algorithms that assess structured EHR data. These algorithms may reduce chart review burden and are a foundation for identifying subpopulations of patients with lupus based on disease presentation to support precision medicine applications.
Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) common language definition of gout
Authors: Murdoch Rachel , Barry Michael J , Choi Hyon K , Hernandez Daniel , Johnsen Brianne , Labrador Manuel , Reid Susan , Singh Jasvinder A , Terkeltaub Robert , Vázquez Mellado Janitzia , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) common language definition of gout, with the goal of increasing public understanding and awareness, and ensure consistent and understandable messages about gout.MethodsA G-CAN working group that included patients, physicians and nongovernmental organisation (NGO) representatives was formed to develop a common language definition of gout for use with the public, media, healthcare providers and stakeholders. A literature search and interviews with patients, healthcare workers and stakeholders informed development of the definition. Following consultation with G-CAN members and partners, the definition was endorsed by the G-CAN board.ResultsThe G-CAN common language definition of gout describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and impact, risk factors, comorbidities, management and healthcare and workforce considerations. Detailed information is provided to support the content of the definition. After the publication of the English-language version, the definition will be available for translation into other languages by G-CAN members.ConclusionG-CAN has developed a concise and easily understandable statement describing gout in language that can be used in conversations with the lay public, media, NGOs, funders, healthcare providers and other stakeholders.
The effect of perturbations of the glycocalyx on microvascular perfusion in the obese trauma population: an in vitro study
Authors: Diebel Lawrence N , Marinica Alexander Liviu , Edelman David , Liberati David 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesPatients with morbid obesity have impaired responses to resuscitation following severe injury, which may contribute to adverse outcomes. Obesity is associated with microvascular dysfunction and metabolic changes associated with altered hemorheological profiles. These include decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformity associated with increased aggregation and adhesion. These RBC changes may be impacted by the glycocalyx layer of the endothelial cell (EC) and RBC. Degradation of either or both glycocalyx layers may impair microvascular perfusion. This was studied from blood obtained from patients with obesity and in an in vitro microfluidic device to mimic the microvascular environment.MethodsRBCs were obtained from fresh whole blood from normal controls and patients with obesity (body mass index 37.6–60.0). RBC glycocalyx was indexed by fluorescent intensity and shedding of EC glycocalyx components into the serum was determined by measurement of syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid. In a second set of experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers (HUVEC) were perfused with RBC suspensions from control and patients with obesity using a microfluidic device and RBC adherence under normoxic or shock conditions (hypoxia+epinephrine) was determined using confocal microscopy. HUVEC glycocalyx thickness and shedding were also measured.ResultsMicrofluidic studies demonstrated that RBC obtained from subjects with obesity had increased adhesion to the endothelial layer, which was more profound under shock conditions versus normal subjects. This appeared to be related to increased shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx following shock as well as a diminished RBC glycocalyx layer in the obese population.ConclusionBlood from patients with obesity have decreased RBC glycocalyx thickness accompanied by evidence of increased EC glycocalyx shedding. In vitro adhesion to the endothelium was more pronounced with RBC from patients with obesity and was significantly greater under ‘shock conditions’. Hemorheological properties of RBC from patients with obesity may account for failure of standard resuscitation procedures in the trauma patient.Level of evidence
Experimental determination of the residual compressive strength of fire-damaged concrete columns retrofitted using CFRP wrapping
Authors: Koppula Ravali , Salem Osama (Sam) , Elshaer Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

The study presented in this paper aimed to experimentally investigate the residual compressive strength of fire-damaged concrete columns retrofitted using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping sheets. The experimental program involved testing ten column specimens (200 mm × 200 mm × 1500 mm) that were previously exposed to standard fire before being retrofitted using CFRP wrapping sheets. The study imitated a real-life scenario in which concrete columns previously exposed to one- and two-hour standard fire while being subjected to service loads (20% and 40% of the column’s ultimate design capacity) were retrofitted using one and two layers of CFRP wrapping sheets. The test results showed that the effect of increasing the applied load ratio in reducing the post-fire residual compressive strength was more pronounced in the columns wrapped with two layers of CFRP sheets and exposed to a longer fire duration (2 h).
Spectral characterization of SPDC-based single-photon sources for quantum key distribution
Authors: Euler Sabine , Fitzke Erik , Nikiforov Oleg , Hofmann Daniel , Dolejsky Till , Walther Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn our laboratory, we employ two biphoton sources for quantum key distribution. The first is based on cw parametric down-conversion of photons at 404 nm in PPKTP waveguide chips, while the second is based on the pulsed parametric down-conversion of 775 nm photons in PPLN waveguides. The spectral characterization is important for the determination of certain side-channel attacks. A Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment employing the first photon source revealed a complex structure of the common Hong-Ou-Mandel dip. By measuring the spectra of the single photons at 808 nm, we were able to associate these structures to the superposition of different transverse modes of the pump photons in our waveguide chips. The pulsed source was characterized by means of single-photon spectra measured by a sensitive spectrum analyzer as well as dispersion-based measurements. Finally, we also describe Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments using the photons from the second source.
On Steady-State Evolutionary Algorithms and Selective Pressure: Why Inverse Rank-Based Allocation of Reproductive Trials Is Best
Authors: Corus Dogan , Lissovoi Andrei , Oliveto Pietro S. , Witt Carsten 
Published: April 2021

We analyse the impact of the selective pressure for the global optimisation capabilities of steady-state evolutionary algorithms (EAs). For the standard bimodal benchmark function
TwoMax
, we rigorously prove that using uniform parent selection leads to exponential runtimes with high probability to locate both optima for the standard (

+1) EA and (

+1) RLS with any polynomial population sizes. However, we prove that selecting the worst individual as parent leads to efficient global optimisation with overwhelming probability for reasonable population sizes. Since always selecting the worst individual may have detrimental effects for escaping from local optima, we consider the performance of stochastic parent selection operators with low selective pressure for a function class called
TruncatedTwoMax,
where one slope is shorter than the other. An experimental analysis shows that the EAs equipped with inverse tournament selection, where the loser is selected for reproduction and small tournament sizes, globally optimise
TwoMax
efficiently and effectively escape from local optima of
TruncatedTwoMax
with high probability. Thus, they identify both optima efficiently while uniform (or stronger) selection fails in theory and in practice. We then show the power of inverse selection on function classes from the literature where populations are essential by providing rigorous proofs or experimental evidence that it outperforms uniform selection equipped with or without a restart strategy. We conclude the article by confirming our theoretical insights with an empirical analysis of the different selective pressures on standard benchmarks of the classical MaxSat and multidimensional knapsack problems.
Robustness meets algorithms
Authors: Diakonikolas Ilias , Kamath Gautam , Kane Daniel M. , Li Jerry , Moitra Ankur , Stewart Alistair 
Published: April 2021

In every corner of machine learning and statistics, there is a need for estimators that work not just in an idealized model, but even when their assumptions are violated. Unfortunately, in high dimensions, being provably robust and being efficiently computable are often at odds with each other.
We give the first efficient algorithm for estimating the parameters of a high-dimensional Gaussian that is able to tolerate a constant fraction of corruptions that is independent of the dimension. Prior to our work, all known estimators either needed time exponential in the dimension to compute or could tolerate only an inverse-polynomial fraction of corruptions. Not only does our algorithm bridge the gap between robustness and algorithms, but also it turns out to be highly practical in a variety of settings.
Report on the stingless bees of Bhutan (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Nidup Tshering 
Published: April 2021

Two species of stingless bees, Tetragonula gressitti (Sakagami) and Lepidotrigona arcifera (Cockerell), are reported from Bhutan for the first time. The nest description and meliponiculture are described. This is the gross underestimation of Meliponini diversity in Bhutan and summons more study on the diversity, biology, and meliponiculture.
Habitat preference of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata inhabiting Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Andleeb Shaista , Akrim Faraz 
Published: April 2021

The Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata, is an ‘Endangered’ mammal species native to Pakistan but facing a risk of extinction due to hunting pressure for its scales used in trade. The current study investigated habitat preference of this unique species in the Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad, from September 2011 to August 2012. Three habitat types, viz, human vicinity area, agricultural land, and wild/natural area, were searched for recording signs of Indian Pangolin. Data on habitat preference was collected from direct and indirect signs of the species by monitoring 85 line transects, each measuring 500m in length and 50m in width, in 17 different sampling sites. A total of 323 signs of Indian Pangolin were recorded including 299 burrows, 10 live sightings, and 14 scats of the species. The maximum number of signs were recorded in wild or unmodified natural area (55.1%), followed by those in vicinity to human use area (20.12%), while the least (24.76%) were found in agricultural area. Statistical comparison using one-way analysis of variance of pangolin field signs, among three different types of habitats studied, differed significantly (df= 48, F= 13.723, p <0.001). Similarly, LSD analysis further revealed that field signs of Indian pangolin recorded on natural or wild habitat significantly differed from those which were on agricultural land and human vicinity area (p <0.001). The study concludes that the Indian Pangolin prefers habitats in the wild or natural area over those close to human vicinity and agricultural lands.
Nest tree preference shown by Ring-necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) in northern districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Pandian M. 
Published: April 2021

This paper pertains to the nesting aspects of Psittacula krameri with specific reference to nesting-related habitats, number of individuals encountered, inter-specific interactions, and abnormalities in 71 villages covering seven northern districts of Tamil Nadu. A total of 797 nests (500 active and 297 non-active nests) and 1,119 individuals were enumerated on 284 trees and 13 temples/buildings belonging to eight species, seven genera, and five families. The highest number of nests (320) and birds (469) occurred on Borassus flabellifer L., followed by Cocos nucifera L., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., Madhuca longifolia J.F.Gmel., Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb., and Ficus benghalensis L. This species prefers dead trees than living trees for nesting. The study reveals that 63.4% nests (n= 505) and 65.1% birds (n= 729) were found on dead trees of B. flabellifer, C. nucifera, and P. sylvestris. They generally prefer to build nests on trees situated near agricultural lands, followed by those near water bodies, human settlements, and temples/buildings. Pearson’s chi-square test indicates that the birds showed preference towards certain nesting sites/nesting species. Inter-specific interactions occurred between P. krameri and Blue Rock Pigeon, Spotted Owlet, Indian Roller, and Black-rumped Flameback for sharing of cavities/holes for construction of nests. Abnormalities in bird’s beak, cere, colour of feathers, and a suspected psittacine beak & feather disease (PBFD) were observed.
A new distribution record of mason wasp Pison punctifrons Shuckard, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) from Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bais Rajiv K. Singh , Bais Aakash Singh 
Published: April 2021

This paper reports occurrence of mason wasp Pison punctifrons Shuckard, 1838 from Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. This is a new distribution record for the species. This paper examines the nest architecture and prey choices of the wasp and carries the photographic record of a live P. punctifrons Shuckard on her nest with prey.
Indigenous knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants by the Assamese community in Dibrugarh District, Assam, India
Authors: Gogoi Pranati , Nath Namita 
Published: April 2021

The present investigation is an attempt to study the uses of ethnomedicinal plants in traditional knowledge system among the Assamese community of Dibrugarh District in Assam. All the relevant data were collected during 2017–2019 by following standard ethnobotanical methods through personal interviews as well as through focus group discussions with a total of 193 informants including 62 men and 131 women. The use value (UV) of the medicinal plants and informant consensus factors (FIC) values were determined. In the study 174 ethnomedicinal plant species were documented belonging to 147 genera and 78 families. Except for three species, the 171 species are Angiosperms mostly collected from the wild. Among the 174 species of medicinal plants, 12 species are listed under various categories by IUCN and CITES. All these plants are used to treat various diseases that are grouped under 13 ICPC (International Classification of Primary Care) disease categories, with the highest use value (0.54) recorded in Leucas aspera followed by Paederia scandens with (0.5) use value. This confirms that these plants are important traditional herbs with potent medicinal uses. The highest informant consensus factor with the highest number of species (93) being used for the digestive system (FIC= 0.76%), followed by oral and dentistry (FIC= 0.73%) category. The ethnic communities in the district are rich in traditional knowledge which is evident from the use records and high degree of consensus among the informants.
Three new distribution records of Conidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Conoidea) from the Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Franklin Jayaseelan Benjamin , Apte Deepak Arun 
Published: April 2021

This study documents new distribution records of three species of the family Conidae in the Andaman Islands: Conus augur [Lightfoot], 1786, C. sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, and C. varius Linnaeus, 1758. The latter two records are first reports for India.
Diversity of freshwater molluscs from the upper Brahmaputra Basin, Assam, India
Authors: Sonowal Jyotish , Puzari Munmi , Kardong Devid 
Published: April 2021

A field survey was conducted for three consecutive years, 2015–17 to assess the diversity of freshwater molluscs (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) of the upper Brahmaputra Basin in Assam, India. Altogether, 18 gastropods and 27 bivalve species representing nine families were recorded from 17 sampling stations comprising small to large tributaries and wetlands in the flood-plains covering a total geographical area of approximately 3,500km2. A large fraction (15.55%) of the collected mollusc species are new records from the upper Brahmaputra Basin of Assam. Rarity in the occurrence of freshwater mollusc was confirmed with singleton and doubleton species accounting for 6.66% and unique species accounting for 35.55% of the total species recorded. It was observed that most of the mollusc species of the upper Brahmaputra Basin are either in the ‘Least Concern’ or ‘Data Deficient’ category of the IUCN Red List; except for Lymnaea ovalior (Annandale & Prashad, 1921) and Sphaerium austeni Prashad, 1921 assessed as ‘Vulnerable’ and ‘Near Threatened’, respectively. A significant trend in the diversity in terms of species richness and composition was observed across the sampling stations of the northern basin and southern basin of the river Brahmaputra.
Abnormal Cardiac Repolarization After Seizure Episodes in Structural Brain Diseases: Cardiac Manifestation of Electrical Remodeling in the Brain?
Authors: Mori Shusuke , Hori Atsushi , Turker Isik , Inaji Motoki , Bello‐Pardo Erika , Miida Takashi , Otomo Yasuhiro , Ai Tomohiko 
Published: April 2021

Background
Abnormal cardiac repolarization is observed in patients with epilepsy and can be associated with sudden death. We investigated whether structural brain abnormalities are correlated with abnormal cardiac repolarizations in patients with seizure or epilepsy.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed and compared 12‐lead ECG parameters following seizures between patients with and without structural brain abnormalities. A total of 96 patients were included: 33 women (17 with and 16 without brain abnormality) and 63 men (44 with and 19 without brain abnormality). Brain abnormalities included past stroke, chronic hematoma, remote bleeding, tumor, trauma, and postsurgical state. ECG parameters were comparable for heart rate, PR interval, and QRS duration between groups. In contrast, corrected QT intervals evaluated by Fridericia, Framingham, and Bazett formulas were prolonged in patients with brain abnormality compared with those without (women: Fridericia [normal versus abnormal], 397.4±32.7 versus 470.9±48.9;
P
=0.002; Framingham, 351.0±40.1 versus 406.2±46.1;
P
=0.002; Bazett, 423.8±38.3 versus 507.7±56.6;
P
<0.0001; men: Fridericia, 403.8±30.4 versus 471.0±47.1;
P
<0.0001; Framingham, 342.7±36.4 versus 409.4±45.8;
P
<0.0001; Bazett, 439.3±38.6 versus 506.2±56.8;
P
<0.0001). QT dispersion and T
peak
−T
end
intervals were comparable between groups. We also observed abnormal ST‐segment elevation in 5 patients. Importantly, no patients showed fatal arrhythmias during or after seizures.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that brain abnormalities can be associated with abnormal cardiac repolarization after seizures, which might be a manifestation of electrophysiological remodeling in the brain.