bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of injuries related to self-harm, assault, and intimate partner violence: insights from U.S. Emergency Departments (2005–2021)
Authors: Khurana Bharti , Bayne Haley Nicole , Temple Jeff , Andover Peggy , Loder Randall 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundEmergency departments are on the front lines of non-fatal self-harm injury (SHI). This study identifies patterns in patients presenting to emergency departments with SHI compared with patients presenting with assault and intimate partner violence.MethodsUsing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program database, we analyzed SHI cases in the emergency department from 2005 to 2021 and examined demographic characteristics, injury mechanism and anatomic location, emergency department disposition and temporal patterns relative to cases involving assault and intimate partner violence.ResultsOf all injury-related emergency department visits, 1.5% (7 774 900) were due to SHI, 4.8% (24 165 696) due to assault and 0.6% (3 188 790) due to intimate partner violence. SHI peaked in ages 15–19 (18.3%), assault in ages 20–24 (17.3%) and intimate partner violence in ages 25–29 (19.2%). Patients with SHI were 41.0% males, compared with assault (66.3%) and intimate partner violence (19.3%) groups (p<0.0001). Most SHIs involved white patients (75.2%), compared with assaults (46.2%) and intimate partner violence (40.4%) (p<0.0001). Lacerations (20.6%) were the most common injury for SHI, while contusions/abrasions were the most common injuries for both assaults (27.8%) and intimate partner violence (39.1%) (p<0.0001). The upper extremity was the most common injury location in SHI (71.11%), while the head/neck was the most injured area in assaults (58.4%) and intimate partner violence (59.7%). Of adolescents sustaining SHI, 76.7% were women, compared with 59.0% of emerging adults and 53.2% of adults (p<0.0001). Among adolescents, the prevalence of SHI was lowest on weekends and during the summer.ConclusionsOur findings highlight distinct demographic, injury and temporal patterns observed in patients with SHI.
Estimated exposure to endotoxin and circulating immunological markers among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study
Authors: Ezennia Somayina C , Beane Freeman Laura E , Chang Vicky C , Xie Shuai , Sandler Dale P , Andreotti Gabriella , Parks Christine G , Friesen Melissa C , Hofmann Jonathan N 
Published: January 2025

Background
Occupational exposure to endotoxin has been associated with reduced lung cancer risk. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, though immunological alterations likely play a role. Farmers who perform certain tasks (eg, raising hogs) can be highly exposed to endotoxin. We, therefore, leveraged measurements of circulating immune markers from a prior investigation among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study to evaluate associations with newly developed estimates of endotoxin exposure.

Methods
Our investigation included 122 non-smoking farmers from Iowa, oversampling those raising hogs. Serum levels of 60 markers were measured using multiplex bead-based assays and ELISA. Based on an algorithm linking measurement-based task intensity estimates with self-reported task frequency, we estimated cumulative endotoxin exposure in the 30 days up to sample collection. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate geometric mean ratios of immune markers across exposure quartiles.

Results

Higher endotoxin exposure in the last 30 days was associated with increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-2, macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha/CCL20 and sIL-4R (P
trend
≤0.02) and decreased levels of macrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22 (P
trend
=0.02). We also identified novel associations with several additional markers; those with the highest (vs lowest) exposure to endotoxin had decreased levels of TARC/CCL17, sCD27 and IL-1B.

Conclusions
Several circulating immune markers were associated with endotoxin levels in an exposure–response manner. Our findings are consistent with prior work on hog farming and suggest possible biological mechanisms through which endotoxin may confer a reduced risk of lung cancer.
Reliability of the OMERACT Giant cell arteritis Ultrasonography Score (OGUS): results of a patient-based exercise involving experts and non-experts in vascular ultrasonography
Authors: Duftner Christina , Redlinger Norbert , Bruyn George A , Chadachan Veerendra , Chrysidis Stavros , Correyero Maria , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , Dalsgaard Nielsen Berit , Dasgupta Bhaskar , De Miguel Eugenio , Diamantopoulos Andreas P , Fulvio Giovanni , Gkikopoulos Nikitas , Hartung Wolfgang , Hocevar Alojzija , Keen Helen , Kurteva Vesselina , Mandl Peter , Manger Eva , Mercatelli Paolo , Midtgard Irina , Monti Sara , Muller Raili , Mykkänen Kati , Pineda Carlos , Ponte Cristina , Reffat Duriad , Sarbu Adela-Cristina , Seitz Luca , Terslev Lene , Schmidt Wolfgang , Dejaco Christian 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo test the reliability of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Giant cell arteritis (GCA) Ultrasonography Score (OGUS) and other composite scores in a patient-based exercise involving experts and non-experts in vascular ultrasonography.MethodsSix GCA patients were scanned twice (two rounds separated ≥3 hours) by 12 experts and 12 non-experts. Non-experts received 90 min of theoretical and 240 min of practical training between rounds 1 and 2. Ultrasonography was conducted on temporal arteries (common superficial, frontal and parietal branches) and axillary arteries bilaterally to calculate the OGUS, the Southend score and the Halo count. Inter-reader and intra-reader reliability were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsMean age of GCA patients was 78±5.1 years, 2 (33.3%) were women, and all were in clinical remission. Expert inter-reader ICC of the OGUS was 0.60 in both rounds, 0.40 in round 1 and 0.51 in round 2 for the Southend score and 0.45 and 0.52, respectively, for the Halo count. Median ICCs for intra-reader reliability were 0.86, 0.73 and 0.65 for the OGUS, Southend score and Halo count, respectively.For non-experts, inter-reader ICCs in round 1 were 0.20 for the OGUS, 0.20 for a normalised Southend score (=score divided by available segments) and 0.35 for a normalised Halo count. After training, inter-reader reliability ICCs improved to 0.52, 0.29 and 0.54, respectively.ConclusionInter-reader reliability was fair to moderate, and intra-reader reliability was good for OGUS, Southend score and Halo count among experts. Inter-reader reliability of non-experts in vascular ultrasonography improved after the training.
A hitchhiker’s guide to active motion
Authors: Plasczyk Tobias , Monderkamp Paul A. , Löwen Hartmut , Wittmann René 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intelligent decisions in response to external informative input can allow organisms to achieve their biological goals while spending very little of their own resources. In this paper, we develop and study a minimal model for a navigational task, performed by an otherwise completely motorless particle that possesses the ability of hitchhiking in a bath of active Brownian particles (ABPs). Hitchhiking refers to identifying and attaching to suitable surrounding bath particles. Using a reinforcement learning algorithm, such an agent, which we refer to as intelligent hitchhiking particle (IHP), is enabled to persistently navigate in the desired direction. This relatively simple IHP can also anticipate and react to characteristic motion patterns of their hosts, which we exemplify for a bath of chiral ABPs (cABPs). To demonstrate that the persistent motion of the IHP will outperform that of the bath particles in view of long-time ballistic motion, we calculate the mean-squared displacement and discuss its dependence on the density and persistence time of the bath ABPs by means of an analytic model.

Graphical abstract
Illustration of an intelligent hitchhiking particle (IHP) in a bath of active Brownian particles (ABPs). The IHP fulfills a navigational task by holding on to an ABP only if its orientation points upwards, enabling persistent motion.
Structural Violence and the Social Determinants of Mental Health: Exploring the Experiences of Participants on the Ontario Basic Income Pilot in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Smith-Carrier Tracy , Power Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In 2017, a provincial Liberal government launched the Ontario Basic Income Pilot (OBIP) to assess a promising approach to poverty reduction in Ontario, Canada. It was prematurely canceled by a subsequent Conservative government, despite election promises assuring that it would continue. The cancelation affected 4000 OBIP recipients.Objective: This study explored how participants’ lives were on the OBIP compared to their lives before and after the pilot project using the social determinants of mental health (SDoMH) as a key lens.Study Design and Data Collection: Semistructured interview data, gathered in 2019, were collected from a sample of 46 OBIP participants from three study sites, viewed through the lenses of structural violence and the SDoMH, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Findings: We identified eight themes from the data, all of which pointed to the positive impacts of the OBIP on the SDoMH of participants. These included expanded opportunities for education and employment, improved housing stability, enhanced social inclusion (including an escape from the denigrations of receiving charity), improved sense of security and mental health, the wherewithal to eschew “crappy foods” in favor of healthier options, and the freedom to live one’s life as one chooses. All these positive impacts were threatened or reversed by the Pilot’s cancelation.Conclusions and Implications: The discontinuation of the OBIP, a benefit that appeared to be improving the mental health and well‐being of OBIP participants, can be viewed as an act of structural violence by government leaders. This study contributes to the growing evidence showing that cash transfer programs, such as a basic income, can alleviate psychological distress and improve mental well‐being for people living in poverty. A groundswell of mobilized citizens, and public health and mental health practitioners specifically, must hold governments accountable for acts of structural violence that can readily be addressed through policies that eradicate poverty.
New eDNA-based insights for the detection of endemic and endangered Apennine yellow bellied toad (Bombina variegata pachypus) and its pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Mirone Enrico , Giovacchini Simone , Bologna Marco A. , Bruno Antonia , Caprotti Luca , Di Febbraro Mirko , Jamwal Pushpinder S. , Monaco Pamela , Ramazzotti Fausto , Vignoli Leonardo , Galimberti Andrea , Loy Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Amphibian populations are experiencing a global significant decline due to habitat loss, climate change, disease outbreaks and last but not least, interaction with alien species and/or their parasites. The Apennine yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata pachypus (Bonaparte, 1838)) is endemic to the Italian Peninsula. This subspecies, like many other amphibians, is declining and is listed as Endangered (EN) in the italian red list (http://www.iucnredlist.org). This study aimed to use an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach to detect the occurrence of both B. v. pachypus and its potential threatening pathogen fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Lee Berger, 1998 (Chytridiomycetes, hereafter Bd), at 20 freshwater sampling sites in Central Italy (i.e., five isolated ponds and six rivers). Here, a new TaqMan-based (qPCR) assay has been developed for eDNA-based detection of B. v. pachypus. Additionally, eDNA-based screening for Bd occurrence was conducted. Two sampling replicates per site were carried out in 2021-2022. For the sampling sites along rivers, we collected six fine-scale and 16 large-scale environmental variables that could affect the detection of eDNA from B. v. pachypus and Bd and therefore the occurrence of these species. eDNA of B. v. pachypus was detected in 12 out of 20 sampling sites, whereas Bd was found at one sample site, co-occurring with B. v. pachypus. Environmental DNA of B. v. pachypus was detected at all but one of the rivers surveyed (i.e., Liri River). Nine out of 12 eDNA positive sites represented new occurrences for this amphibian, most of which (n = 8) were located outside Natura 2000 areas. Positive sites included eight out of 14 running water bodies and four out of six standing water bodies; the latter including a pond in a lowland protected area where B. pachypus was considered extirpated since 1997. The outcomes of this study confirm eDNA as a rapid and cost-effective method for large-scale surveys of both the Apennine yellow-bellied toad and its potentially threatening pathogenic fungus Bd.
The Use of Vertical Gradients of Radar Reflectivity Factor and Radial Velocity to Diagnose Dynamical and Microphysical Structures in Extratropical Cyclones: Results from IMPACTS
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms field campaign comprised three deployments in January and February of 2020, 2022, and 2023. Throughout these deployments, the NASA Earth Resources-2 (ER-2) aircraft conducted 26 research flights, equipped with three vertically pointing radars. These radars sampled the vertical structure of extratropical cyclone clouds at four distinct radar wavelengths, enabling a finer-scale analysis of reflectivity and radial velocity structures within extratropical cyclones with a vertical sampling resolution of 26.5 m. In this analysis, we introduce a novel technique utilizing vertical gradients in radial velocity and reflectivity, which proved effective in identifying turbulence, waves, and layers of ascent over 132.5-m layers for all flight legs conducted during the campaign. The spatial scale of 132.5 m was chosen to capture fine-scale variations associated with small-scale turbulent eddies and shear zones in frontal regions. The gradient analysis aided in detecting small-scale changes in reflectivity and radial velocity that might have gone unnoticed otherwise. Moreover, the corresponding gradients in reflectivity suggest potential interactions of falling ice crystals with turbulence, waves, and shear layers, possibly influencing the microphysical characteristics and the vertical spatial distribution of falling snow. The observed vertical gradients in radial velocity often exhibited linear, layered patterns but in some instances displayed wave-like appearances, sloped patterns along frontal boundaries, or magnitude fluctuations. This paper focuses on presenting and detailing the vertical gradient technique to examine winter storms. Future work will involve a comprehensive analysis of these gradients in relation to dual-frequency radar measurements and in situ microphysical characteristics.

Significance Statement
This study explores fine-scale variations in radial velocity and reflectivity within extratropical cyclones observed during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms. These fine-scale variations in reflectivity and radial velocity modify the background characteristics of stratiform cloud cover, reorganizing and enhancing snowfall as it falls to the surface. We found that vertical gradients in reflectivity and radial velocity can be used to identify these fine-scale (<132.5 m) turbulent layers, waves, and broader regions of ascent within winter storms.
Outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection repair in patients under the age of 75 versus 75 and older
Authors: Jones Reyna , Yousef Sarah , Brown James A , Serna-Gallegos Derek , Ahmad Danial , Zhu Jianhui , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Joshi Rama , Gelzinis Theresa , Phillippi Julie , Yoon Pyongsoo , Bonatti Johannes , Kaczorowski David , Chu Danny , Sultan Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

Objective Elderly patients are less likely to undergo surgery for an acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). This study aims to understand the risks of surgical treatment in patients 75 and older. Methods This was a retrospective study using an institutional database of patients who underwent ATAAD repair from 2007 to 2021. Outcomes were compared between patients <75 and patients [Formula: see text] 75. Logistic regression was performed for operative mortality, and Cox regression was performed for long-term mortality. Results A total of 601 patients underwent surgery for ATAAD, 112 (18.6%) of whom were ≥75. Patients ≥75 were significantly more likely to undergo hemiarch replacement (vs total arch replacement) and concomitant CABG. Operative mortality was 16.1% in patients ≥75 versus 10.2% in those <75 ( p = 0.078). On multivariable logistic regression, age ≥75 was not significantly associated with operative mortality ( p = 0.068). Effect of age on long-term mortality was time-dependent: on Cox regression, being 75 or older and within one-year post-discharge was significantly associated with an increased hazard of death (time-dependent HR 4.56; 95% CI, 2.31–9.06; p < 0.001), while age was not associated with an increased hazard of death after the first postoperative year ( p = 0.779). Conclusion Despite reduced survival during the first postoperative year among patients 75 years and older, operative mortality and late survival were similar across each group. By implication, age alone should not be a deterrent to operative intervention in ATAAD patients, even though further investigation is needed to determine opportunities for improving survival during the first postoperative year after ATAAD repair.
RflyMAD: A dataset for multicopter fault detection and health assessment
Authors: Le Xiangli , Jin Bo , Cui Gen , Dai Xunhua , Quan Quan 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an open-source dataset, RflyMAD, a Multicopter Abnormal Dataset developed by the Reliable Flight Control (Rfly) Group aiming to promote the development of research fields such as Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) or Health Assessment (HA). The full 114 GB dataset includes 11 types of faults under 6 flight statuses which are adapted from the ADS-33 file to cover more cases where the multicopters have different levels of mobility when faults occur. In the total of 5629 flight cases, the fault time is up to 3283 min, and there are 2566 cases for software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation, 2566 cases for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, and 497 cases for real flight. As it contains simulation data based on RflySim and real flight data, it is possible to improve the quantity while increasing the quality of the data. In each case, there are ULog, Telemetry log, Flight information, and processed files for researchers to use and review. The RflyMAD dataset could be used as a benchmark for fault diagnosis methods and the support relationship between simulation data and real flight is verified by transfer learning methods. In the future, more methods will be presented as a baseline and RflyMAD will be updated with more data and types. In addition, the dataset and associated toolkit are available at https://rfly-openha.github.io/documents/4_resources/dataset.html .
Effects of Biceps Rerouting on In Vivo Glenohumeral Kinematics in the Treatment of Large-to-Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Wu Chenliang , Qiao Yi , Zhang Ling , Wang Cong , Chen Jiebo , Chen Chang’an , Xu Caiqi , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Xu Junjie , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: January 2025

Background: Arthroscopic repair with the biceps rerouting (BR) technique has been determined to lead to promising clinical and biomechanical outcomes for treating large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (LMRCTs). However, the in vivo effects of BR on glenohumeral kinematics during functional shoulder movements have not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To investigate whether BR provides a better restoration of shoulder kinematics compared with conventional rotator cuff repair (RCR). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Patients who underwent either repair with the BR technique (BR group) or RCR alone (RCR group) for treating LMRCTs between January 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. They underwent a 1-year postoperative kinematic evaluation of bilateral shoulders by performing scapular-plane abduction with a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Glenohumeral translation in the superior-inferior (S-I) and anterior-posterior (A-P) directions was assessed in shoulder abduction at 10° increments. Moreover, the mean, maximum, minimum, and range of glenohumeral translation were calculated throughout the entire movement. Results: A total of 9 patients were enrolled in each group for final analysis, and baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. In the RCR group, compared with contralateral shoulders, the operative shoulders showed increased superior humeral head translation during lower abduction angles of 30° to 50° (all P≤ .004), with a greater maximum ( P = .014) and a larger range ( P = .002) for S-I translation throughout the entire movement. In the BR group, no significant differences between operative and contralateral shoulders were detected in any kinematic variables for S-I translation (all P≥ .132); however, the operative shoulders exhibited a larger maximum ( P = .031), a smaller minimum ( P = .008), and a larger range ( P < .001) for A-P translation throughout the entire movement compared with the contralateral shoulders. Conclusion: BR successfully reduced residual superior humeral head translation compared with conventional RCR and restored normal S-I glenohumeral kinematics in the treatment of LMRCTs. However, A-P glenohumeral kinematics was not fully restored after BR, and its effect on long-term clinical outcomes requires further investigation. Clinical Relevance: BR can be a promising technique to treat LMRCTs. However, its potential adverse effects on A-P glenohumeral kinematics should not be ignored, requiring further clinical evidence to determine long-term outcomes.