bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of societal and professional impact of Endodontology research articles: A multivariate scientometric analysis
Authors: Doğramacı Esma J. , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo identify factors that are predictive of short‐term professional and societal impact of research within the specialty of Endodontology and to identify the top‐10 articles that achieved the greatest societal impact and describe their characteristics.MethodologyResearch articles in the field of Endodontology published in 2019 were eligible for inclusion, with the sample identified using Medline. Following screening of titles and abstracts, bibliometric data of the identified articles were exported into a spreadsheet, where further data related to continental origin, type of article, type of journal (endodontic or non‐endodontic) and grant‐funding were collated, with additional data concerning presence of journal impact factor, citations, news mentions and Altmetric‐tracked‐mentions and scores compiled using Clarivate, Scopus, ProQuest and Altmetric Explorer, respectively. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, cross‐tabulations and un/adjusted negative binomial regression models (p < .05).ResultsThe search retrieved 30 443 articles; 951 were included for analysis. Most articles originated from Asia (43.2%) with over 51.5% of articles published in endodontic journals and 80% published in a journal with an impact factor. Over three‐quarters of articles were primary research, 141 were grant‐funded, 165 had a news mention, 338 achieved an Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and 808 were cited. The five‐highest ranked articles were mentioned in general news bulletins, five of the top‐10 articles were primary research and six of the top‐10 were published in endodontic journals. The highest AAS and citation count were 100 and 87, respectively. Adjusted models demonstrated that the type of article, publication in a journal with an impact factor, absence of grant‐funding and coverage within general news bulletins predicted the AAS 's (p < .001). Article type, publication in an impact‐factor journal and presence of an AAS were predictive of citations (p < .001).ConclusionsArticle type and publication in a journal with an impact factor were significant predictors of both societal and professional impact of research articles within Endodontology in the short‐term. Non grant‐funded research and coverage in general news bulletins achieved greater societal impact, whereas an article achieving an AAS was also strongly related to professional impact.
Present status and future directions: Managing endodontic emergencies
Authors: Abbott Paul V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndodontic emergencies are common in both general dental practices and specialist Endodontic practices. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of endodontic emergencies. Endodontic emergencies can be a result of many different conditions of the pulp, root canal and periradicular tissues. They may occur before endodontic treatment has been started, between appointments when treatment is being performed over multiple visits, or after endodontic treatment has been completed. In the latter situation, the emergency may be very soon after the treatment or it may occur many years later, in which case it is usually a new disease process as a result of the root canal system becoming infected. An emergency can be a stressful situation for both the patient and the dentist (or endodontist) as it is usually an unexpected event. It is incumbent on dental professionals to provide timely assistance to patients who have an emergency, and it is also important to allow sufficient time to manage the situation comprehensively. Management of endodontic emergencies should follow the principles of the 3D’s—Diagnosis, Definitive dental treatment and Drugs—and in that sequence. An accurate diagnosis, the first “D”, is essential so the appropriate treatment can be provided. Diagnosis requires a thorough understanding of the various conditions that can cause the emergency and this can be helped by having a comprehensive classification of the various conditions. The diagnosis should also direct the clinician to the appropriate Definitive dental treatment, the second “D”. Root canal treatment will not always be required as some cases can be managed conservatively. Other cases may require root canal re‐treatment. The specific details of how the treatment are done can also vary, according to the diagnosis. The final “D” is Drugs—the use of drugs should also be dependent on the diagnosis and the dental treatment. Drugs should only be an adjunct following the treatment. The clinician must also differentiate between inflammation and infection in order to provide the appropriate treatment and to prescribe the appropriate medication for effective pain relief and resolution of other symptoms or signs such as swelling.
Optimization of a cultivation procedure to selectively isolate lactic acid bacteria from insects
Authors: Gallus Marion K. , Vogel Rudi F. , Ehrmann Matthias A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Natural niches and transmission routes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are highly versatile. Proposed routes of transmission to food fermentations are from plant material via insects or vice versa. This study aimed to establish a method for the selective isolation of LAB from insects.

Methods and Results
Varied parameters that influence growth and selectivity are temperature, type of carbohydrate and atmosphere. Additionally, the effects of antibiotics to suppress non-LAB species were evaluated. A model consortium consisting of 12 species representing different lifestyles was inoculated in a growth medium to identify conditions for the highest diversity and recovery rate. The method was applied to isolate LAB from Drosophila melanogaster, Sitotroga cerealella, Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor. Isolated species were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum from D. melanogaster and L. mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Latilactobacillus curvatus from T. molitor. No LAB could be isolated from T. castaneum and S. cerealella. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of DNA obtained from insects corroborated part of our results.

Conclusion
A combination of different enrichment conditions ensures a high probability to isolate LAB species from insects and can be helpful above already known non-cultivation methods.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The novel method allows to selectively isolate LAB from insects and the strategy of the method is of interest to study other niches.
The Risks and Benefits of Differentiated Integration in the European Union as Perceived by Academic Experts
Authors: Kröger Sandra , Loughran Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article sheds light on how academic experts assess the benefits and risks of differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU). DI denotes particular member states either being allowed to opt out of specific EU policies, or being excluded or exempted from participating in them until certain conditions are met. The findings of a novel expert survey (n = 95) highlight two key divisions amongst experts, namely, first a regional divide between scholars based in Western Europe and those based in Eastern Europe, with the former more favourable to DI than the latter; and second, a substantive divide between those, more numerous, who are favourable to DI, and those who are more critical. For the former, the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived risks. What drives the support of or objection to DI also differs between experts. Whereas supporters favour pragmatic reasons for DI, opponents mostly mobilize principled reasons against it.
Observation of the feeding behaviour of reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica leptocephali fed picocyanobacteria Synechococcus spp.
Authors: Kenzaki Akira , Okunishi Suguru , Tomoda Tsutomu , Shioura Yuuya , Uchida Motoharu , Tezuka Naoaki , Maeda Hiroto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe authors observed the feeding behaviour of artificially reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica leptocephali, 7.5–19 mm total length (10–61 days post‐hatch), fed Synechococcus sp., which is considered a potential food source of anguilliform larvae. Three strains of Synechococcus sp. (NIES‐972, 976 and 979) were tested as the food material. Larvae across the entire length range could effectively ingest a suspension of pico‐sized cyanobacteria (1–3 μm in diameter). Video observations of the mid‐hindgut of larvae under an epifluorescence microscope confirmed that the movement of microvilli of the intestinal epithelium allowed the cell particles to circulate in the mid‐hindgut, before becoming solidified in the anal region. Significant differences in food intake were observed between larvae fed two strains of Synechococcus (NIES‐972 and 976), and among different cell densities, which suggests feeding selectivity and density dependence. Comparisons of feeding behaviour under the light group (9L:15D) and the dark group (24D) showed significantly higher food intake (measured as an index of intestinal fullness) in the light group, although substantial and continuous ingestion was observed in the dark group, indicating continuous feeding by swallowing sea water. The authors hypothesise that the feeding ecology of anguilliform leptocephali is based on a survival strategy whereby the larvae do not compete with various higher‐trophic‐level fishes for food in an oligotrophic environment.
Vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction: A quantitative assessment using CT scans
Authors: Du Plessis Anneli , Van Schoor Albert , Wessels Quenton , Murphy Patrick , Van Schouwenburg Francois , Ihuhua Pulenge , Kehrmann Jana , Scholtz Magda , Keough Natalie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe thoracolumbar junction is often associated with traumatic injuries, due to its biomechanical instability. Reasons for this instability are currently still under debate; however, contributing factors such as the rapid change in spinal curvature and facet orientation from the thoracic to lumbar transition have been implicated. Normally, the superior facet orientation in the thoracic region is angled in a coronal plane, whereas vertebrae in the lumbar region have facets angled in the sagittal plane. Distinguishing between thoracic, lumbar, and transitional vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction based on articular facet angles, using quantitative methods on CT scans has, to the authors' knowledge, not yet been reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether quantitative measurements can be clinically applied and used to differentiate vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction using CT scans and, additionally, to record possible cases of congenital defects or variations observed in the spine. A sample (n = 173) of CT scans representative of the Windhoek population in Namibia was retrospectively assessed using radio‐imaging software. Measurements of the angle formed by the superior facets of the vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction (T11‐L1) were recorded. Based on the results of this study, quantitative morphometry of the superior facet of vertebrae can differentiate between thoracic, lumbar,. and transitional vertebrae at the thoracolumbar junction. All individuals with identified thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (TLTV) in this sample had at least one other congenital anomaly of the spine.
Differences in the prevention and incidence of maternal venous thromboembolism according to the type of institution in Japan in 2018: A sub‐analysis of national questionnaire surveillance
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Adachi Tomoko , Itakura Atsuo , Nii Masafumi , Nakabayashi Yasushi , Kobayashi Takao ,   The Japan Society of Obstetrical, Gynecological and Neonatal Hematology
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo clarify the relation between institutions capacity to manage venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its incidence in pregnant women throughout Japan.MethodsAmong the 2299 institutions that received the surveillance questionnaire, 666 (29.0%) responded, after which data from 295 961 women who gave birth at those institutions in 2018 were analyzed. Incidences and characteristics of antepartum and postpartum VTE in perinatal medical centers (PMCs), general hospital with obstetric facilities (GHs), and maternal clinic with beds (MCs) were then determined.ResultsThe frequencies at which routine antepartum and postpartum thromboprophylaxis for high‐risk women and routine transport to the more advanced medical institutions upon antepartum and postpartum pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) onset were performed differed significantly according to types of institution (PMCs: 92.4%, 96.2%, 23.8%, and 21.2%; GHs: 76.5%, 80.6%, 58.8%, and 54.1%; MCs: 29.2%, 41.7%, 96.5%, and 96.2%, respectively). Among the 295 961 women analyzed, 243 (0.082%) developed VTE. Incidences of antepartum VTE differed significantly according to institution types (PMCs: 106.4, GHs: 51.6, and MCs: 11.6 per 100 000 women). PMCs and GHs had significantly higher incidences of postpartum VTE compared to MCs (43.3 and 26.6 vs. 10.7 per 100 000 women, respectively), although PMCs and GHs had similar incidences. Among the four women (1.4%) who died due to VTE, three and one developed a PE in a PMC and MC, respectively.ConclusionsPMCs had higher incidences of VTE despite their more frequent performance of thromboprophylaxis. Several pregnant women with higher risk of VTE transported to PMCs.
Social security and longevity risk: An analysis of couples
Authors: Cottle Hunt Erin , Caliendo Frank N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo help manage longevity risk, Social Security pays three types of benefits to retirees: retirement benefits as a life annuity, spousal benefits until the death of the primary earner, and survivor benefits after the death of primary earner. How effective is Social Security at insuring couples against the joint longevity risks that they face? We take a public finance approach to this important question by comparing a Laissez Faire economy to a variety of different public insurance structures including the First Best, the Second Best, and US Social Security. We find that the welfare gains to couples from participating in the US Social Security system are large, and the survivor benefit feature is the key to this result while the spousal benefit provides very little efficiency gains. In fact, the optimal mixture of spousal and survivor benefits (i.e., the Second Best) improves ex ante efficiency by providing a larger payment to widows and a smaller spousal benefit than the current US system. We obtain these results using a theoretical model of couples who have full information about gender‐specific longevity risks and solve a dynamic stochastic (regime‐switching) problem to optimally hedge these risks.
Factors associated with personal recovery among psychiatric nursing home residents
Authors: Chao Pei‐Yi , Hsieh Wen Ling , Yeh Shin Ting , Hsieh Chia Jung , Liu Chieh‐Yu , Liu Wen‐I 
Published: December 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

Poor recovery will cause harm to the quality of life and well‐being of residents and that the scope of influence includes the self, family and society.

No study to date has investigated empowerment and the other multiple factors associated with personal recovery among psychiatric nursing home residents.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

The factors associated with personal recovery are empowerment, social support and global functioning.

This pioneer study contributes new evidence that personal recovery is mainly predicted by empowerment, social support and global function, with empowerment exhibiting the highest predictive value.

What are the implications for practice?

Strengthening empowerment in mental health nursing may contribute more to the personal recovery of psychiatric nursing home residents than improving global function or social support.

Mental health professionals should shift to empowerment‐oriented care to improve individuals' personal recovery, such as offering more opportunities to achieve autonomy, encouraging individuals' involvement in decision‐making and promoting individuals' motivation for achieving their goals.

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals diagnosed with mental illness have a need for recovery. No study to date has investigated empowerment and the other multiple factors associated with personal recovery among psychiatric nursing home residents.AimThe study aimed to identify the factors associated with personal recovery among psychiatric nursing home residents.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling. Participants were recruited from a psychiatric nursing home in Northern Taiwan between April and June 2018. Data were collected through self‐reported, structured questionnaires with verified reliability and validity. Descriptive and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. The present study followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe study included 158 participants. The factors associated with recovery according to bivariate associations were religious belief, psychotic symptoms, global function, social support and empowerment. In the hierarchical regression, empowerment, social support and global function were the main predictive factors of recovery, with the explained variation reaching 40.8%. Empowerment exhibited the highest predictive value for the recovery.Implications for clinical practiceStrengthening empowerment in mental health nursing may contribute more to the personal recovery of psychiatric nursing home residents than improving global function or social support.
Targeted (PCR-based) screening of antibiotic resistance genes’ prevalence in the gut microbiota of tribal people of Nabarangpur, Odisha, India
Authors: Sethi M. , Mohanty V. , Mishra S. , Dash J. , Mahapatra S. , Parida D. , Mohapatra A.P. , Mishra R. , Prasad P. , Parida A. , Senapati S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern worldwide. The gut microbiota harbours multiple antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) that contribute to the existing and future microbial population in a community or ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of 35 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota of the tribal people of Nabarangpur, Odisha, India. A total of 83 faecal samples were collected from three different tribes (Bhatra, Gond, and Paraja). Total faecal DNA was extracted, and the simplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect selected ARGs. Further analysis was done to estimate the incidence of these ARGs across these tribes based on alcohol consumption habits. We identified a higher prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetQ and tetM) in the gut microbiota among three populations. Furthermore, a significant (P = 0·024) difference in ARG prevalence against vancomycin in individuals with and without alcohol consumption habits was noticed. The overall distribution of ARGs among the three major tribes of this location was found to be very similar. Together, irrespective of the tribes, the people of this location have gut microbiota harbouring different kinds of ARGs and tetracycline-resistant genes are the most commonly found ARGs.
“The politics of the medieval preracial”i
Authors: Kim Dorothy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor several decades, medieval scholars have argued over race's definition and its use for geographies, contexts, and group dynamics in premodern Europe. In medieval history, this discussion has been based on a non‐scholarly definition of race that never cited any work in critical race studies. Medieval history's uncritical definition of race, which is defined with a eugenicist, pre‐World War II classification and has ignored the last 60 years of scholarship, has stopped medieval studies from having a sustained, well‐informed discussion. Medieval history remains willingly stuck in pre‐civil rights methodologies of white supremacist history, but other disciplines offer useful correctives. For instance, scholars in literary and religious studies use critical race concepts drawn from social sciences to better understand medieval ideas of race.
The intellectual body, the body intellectual
Authors: Rajabzadeh Shokoofeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedieval Studies is embodied through whiteness, limited by whiteness, and created by the white imagination. In this field, as it is, objectivity is white subjectivity. In this paper, I argue that unless we practice embodied criticism, there is no way to think about the time and space we define as “Medieval Studies” without inhabiting whiteness. Embodied criticism sanctions, if not requires, that we find entry points to history that are not historical. By valuing all of ourselves, by making our critical landscape all of us, we make it impossible to abandon, overlook, or forget the present as we engage with the past. The Middle Ages that I think about and write about is one that is processed through me. In this Middle Ages, nothing that affects how I am in the world is deemed anachronistic because the theoretical, political, social, and legal forces that govern how I operate in the world are the ones that affect how and what I know about history, how and what I think about space. In it, there is value for the questions grief yields. Any work I produce as I process history is radically transparent as a production by me of me, a Muslim, Iranian‐American body in this place and time.
Embodying antiracist White Latinidad in medieval studies
Authors: Thomas Carla María 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay presents an autoethnographic account of my coming to acknowledge my own whiteness while my Puerto Rican mother stressed that I was Boricua above all and my non‐LatinX White grandfather called me “the best kind of mix, a Texa‐Rican.” In my presentation at the inaugural RaceB4Race symposium, which was titled “How to Begin Embodying Antiracist Whiteness in Premodern Studies,” I began with a brief history of the United States Census forms since 1970 to demonstrate the socially constructed nature of the panethnic categories “Latino” and “Hispanic” that led to my mother's emphasis on my Latinidad rather than my whiteness, which, in turn, led to my own ethnoracial confusion. I draw upon research in medieval studies, LatinX studies, critical race studies, raciolinguistics, and critiques of institutional diversity work. One of this essay's goals is to stress that the violent identity erasure that Black LatinX, as well as other Black, Indigenous, People of Color, experience in addition to the racism they face every day is different from the ethnolinguistic exclusion and erasure that I experience. I share my narrative of learning to own my white identity to emphasize our need for truly intersectional practices within scholarship and institutional work with the hope that more White colleagues will reflect on the ways that their whiteness not only hinders their ability to see whiteness as a racial identity, but also contributes to the ongoing violence we perpetuate on our colleagues of color, even those of us who identify as white LatinX. These hindrances prevent us from fully embodying and enacting antiracist practices within medieval studies and academia more broadly.