bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanshinone IIA inhibits gastric cancer cell stemness through inducing ferroptosis
Authors: Ni Haiwei , Ruan Guojing , Sun Cheng , Yang Xuan , Miao Zhenyan , Li Jifei , Chen Ying , Qin Hai , Liu Yichen , Zheng Lufeng , Xing Yingying , Xi Tao , Li Xiaoman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTanshinone IIA is the active constituent extracted from Salvia Miltiorrhza. Numerous studies have shown that Tanshinone IIA could inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis, including gastric cancer. However, the effect of Tanshinone IIA on gastric cancer cell stemness stays unclear. Here, we found that Tanshinone IIA could reduce gastric cancer cell stemness through detecting spheroid‐forming, flow cytometry analysis, and the expression of stemness markers (OCT3/4, ALDH1A1, and CD44). Mechanistically, Tanshinone IIA increased the level of lipid peroxides and decreased glutathione level in gastric cancer cells, both of which are the markers of ferroptosis. Similarly, ferroptosis inducers (erastin, sulfasalazine, and sorafenib) reduced gastric cancer cell stemness. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of Tanshinone IIA on GC cell stemness were reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer‐1) or overexpression of SLC7A11, which is a critical ferroptosis inhibitor. Therefore, we revealed that Tanshinone IIA inhibited the stemness of gastric cancer cells partly through inducing ferroptosis.
Comorbidity, poverty and social vulnerability as risk factors for mortality in pregnant women with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: analysis of 13 062 positive pregnancies including 176 maternal deaths in Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Torres J. , Martinez‐Portilla R. J. , Espino‐y‐Sosa S. , Estrada‐Gutierrez G. , Solis‐Paredes J. M. , Villafan‐Bernal J. R. , Medina‐Jimenez V. , Rodriguez‐Morales A. J. , Rojas‐Zepeda L. , Poon L. C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveMortality in pregnancy due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a current health priority in developing countries. Identification of clinical and sociodemographic risk factors related to mortality in pregnant women with COVID‐19 could guide public policy and encourage such women to accept vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the association of comorbidities and socioeconomic determinants with COVID‐19‐related mortality and severe disease in pregnant women in Mexico.MethodsThis is an ongoing nationwide prospective cohort study that includes all pregnant women with a positive reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) from the Mexican National Registry of Coronavirus. The primary outcome was maternal death due to COVID‐19. The association of comorbidities and socioeconomic characteristics with maternal death was explored using a log‐binomial regression model adjusted for possible confounders.ResultsThere were 176 (1.35%) maternal deaths due to COVID‐19 among 13 062 consecutive SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive pregnant women. Maternal age, as a continuous (adjusted relative risk (aRR), 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05–1.10)) or categorical variable, was associated with maternal death due to COVID‐19; women aged 35–39 years (aRR, 3.16 (95% CI, 2.34–4.26)) or 40 years or older (aRR, 4.07 (95% CI, 2.65–6.25)) had a higher risk for mortality, as compared with those aged < 35 years. Other clinical risk factors associated with maternal mortality were pre‐existing diabetes (aRR, 2.66 (95% CI, 1.65–4.27)), chronic hypertension (aRR, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.02–3.00)) and obesity (aRR, 2.15 (95% CI, 1.46–3.17)). Very high social vulnerability (aRR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.26–2.80)) and high social vulnerability (aRR, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.04–2.13)) were associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, while very low social vulnerability was associated with a reduced risk (aRR, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.30–0.73)). Being poor or extremely poor were also risk factors for maternal mortality (aRR, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.09–2.15) and aRR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.32–2.53), respectively).ConclusionThis study, which comprises the largest prospective consecutive cohort of pregnant women with COVID‐19 to date, has confirmed that advanced maternal age, pre‐existing diabetes, chronic hypertension, obesity, high social vulnerability and low socioeconomic status are risk factors for COVID‐19‐related maternal mortality. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
In vitro study of chlorine dioxide on porcine intestinal epithelial cell gene markers
Authors: Palócz Orsolya , Noszticzius Zoltán , Kály‐Kullai Kristóf , Bradley Emma , Csikó György 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundChlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an inorganic, potent biocide and is available in highly purified aqueous solution. It can be administered as an oral antiseptic in this form.ObjectivesOur aim is to determine the level of inflammatory markers and cytochrome genes expressed by enterocytes exposed to different concentrations of hyperpure chlorine dioxide solution.MethodsPorcine jejunal enterocyte cell (IPEC‐J2) cultures were treated with the aqueous solution of hyper‐pure chlorine dioxide of various concentrations. We determined the alterations in mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL6, CXCL8/IL8, TNF, HSPA6 (Hsp70), CAT and PTGS2 (COX2); furthermore, the expression of three cytochrome genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A29) were analysed by quantitative PCR method.ResultsThe highest applied ClO2 concentration reduced the expression of all three investigated CYP genes. The gene expression of PTGS2 and CAT were not altered by most concentrations of ClO2. The expression of IL8 gene was reduced by all applied concentrations of ClO2. TNF mRNA level was also decreased by most ClO2 concentrations used.ConclusionsDifferent concentrations of chlorine dioxide exhibited immunomodulatory activity and caused altered transcription of CYP450 genes in porcine enterocytes. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate ClO2 concentration for oral use in animals.
Affective adaptation = effective transformation? Shifting the politics of climate change adaptation and transformation from the status quo
Authors: Nightingale Andrea J. , Gonda Noémi , Eriksen Siri H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlarming rates of environmental change have catalyzed scholars to call for fundamental transformations in social‐political and economic relations. Yet cautionary tales about how power and politics are constitutive of these efforts fill the literature. We show how a relational framing of adaptation and transformation demands a political, cross‐scalar, and socionatural analysis to probe the affects and effects of climate change and better grasp how transformative change unfolds. We bring affect theory into conversation with the literature on adaptation politics, socio‐environmental transformations, subjectivity, and our empirical work to frame our analysis around three under investigated aspects of transformation: (i) the uncertain and unpredictable relations that constitute socionatures; (ii) other ways of knowing; and (iii) the affective and emotional relations that form a basis for action. Affective adaptation represents a different ontological take on transformation by reframing the socionatural, normative and ethical aspects as relational, uncertain, and performative. This directs analytical attention to processes rather than outcomes. The emphasis on the encounter between bodies in affect theory points to the need for experiential and embodied ways of knowing climate to effect transformative change. Effective transformation requires recognizing uncertainty and unpredictability aspart oftransformative processes. This is not because all outcomes are acceptable, but rather because uncertainty and unpredictability are elements which help generate affects (action) and emotional commitment to shared human and more than human relations in action, projects, and policies.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Thermodynamic cycles for solar thermal power plants: A review
Authors: Muñoz Marta , Rovira Antonio , Montes María José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar thermal power plants for electricity production include, at least, two main systems: the solar field and the power block. Regarding this last one, the particular thermodynamic cycle layout and the working fluid employed, have a decisive influence in the plant performance. In turn, this selection depends on the solar technology employed. Currently, the steam Rankine cycle is the most widespread and commercially available option, usually coupled to a parabolic trough solar field. However, other configurations have been implemented in solar thermal plants worldwide. Most of them are based on other solar technologies also coupled to a steam Rankine cycle, although integrated solar combined cycles have a significant level of implementation. In the first place, power block configurations based on conventional thermodynamic cycles—Rankine, Brayton, and combined Brayton–Rankine—are described. The achievements and challenges of each proposal are highlighted, for example, the benefits involved in hybrid solar source/fossil fuel plants. In the second place, proposals of advanced power block configurations are analyzed, standing out: supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles, advanced organic Rankine cycles, and innovative integrated solar combined cycles. Each of these proposals shows some advantages compared to the conventional layouts in certain power or source temperature ranges and hence they could be considered attractive options in the medium term. At last, a brief review of proposals of solar thermal integration with other renewable heat sources is also included.This article is categorized under:
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Efficiency > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Research & Innovation > Systems and Infrastructure
How do you solve a problem like Maria? The politics of disaster response in Puerto Rico, Florida and Texas
Authors: Willison Charley E. , Singer Phillip M. , Creary Melissa S. , Vaziri Soha , Stott Jerry , Greer Scott L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is not the first, nor the last, public health challenge the US political system has faced. Understanding drivers of governmental responses to public health emergencies is important for policy decision‐making, planning, health and social outcomes, and advocacy. We use federal political disaster‐aid debates to examine political factors related to variations in outcomes for Puerto Rico, Texas, and Florida after the 2017 hurricane season. Despite the comparable need and unprecedented mortality, Puerto Rico received delayed and substantially less aid. We find bipartisan participation in floor debates over aid to Texas and Florida, but primarily Democrat participation for Puerto Rican aid. Yet, deliberation and participation in the debates were strongly influenced by whether a state or district was at risk of natural disasters. Nearly one‐third of all states did not participate in any aid debate. States' local disaster risk levels and political parties' attachments to different racial and ethnic groups may help explain Congressional public health disaster response failures. These lessons are of increasing importance in the face of growing collective action problems around the climate crisis and subsequent emergent threats from natural disasters.
The elusive challenge of leadership development at faith‐based institutions
Authors: Jun Alexander , Aronson Samuel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article describes the rationale given by many faith‐based institutions of higher education for creating and promoting leadership programs. A brief overview of the history of faith based educational institutions is followed by an explanation of the motivations of several different schools for creating and funding leadership programs, as well as the limitations of those programs. The article concludes with suggestions for how these programs can benefit more students and the wider community.
Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) role in the development of Latinx student leaders
Authors: Venegas Kristan M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) are defined as colleges, universities, or system/districts where total Hispanic enrollment constitutes a minimum of 25% of the total enrollment. Due to the enrollment dependent nature of HSIs, an institution's designation may change over time. This article will include a discussion of how HSIs develop campus cultures that go beyond their designation to support the leader development of students.
J‐ADMM for a multi‐contact problem in electro‐elastostatics
Authors: Essoufi El‐Hassan , Zafrar Abderrahim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work we apply a regularized alternating direction method of multiplier of Jacobi type (J‐ADMM) to a frictional multi‐contact (both unilateral and bilateral) problem between an electro‐elastic material and a rigid non conductive foundations. The frictional contact is modelled by the Coulomb friction law. The resulted problem is non symmetric and non coercive. By dissociating the electric potential from the mechanical field, we obtain a symmetric and coercive problem which can be reformulated as a convex minimization problem. We then apply a J‐ADMM for the numerical approximation to the resulting perturbed elastic problem. The resolution of obtained sub‐problems is based on convex dualities. Numerical experiments are proposed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Luteal phase length, endometrial edema, and behavior differentiate post‐ovulatory events in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Magnus Gabriel , Dutton Christopher , Mastromonaco Gabriela , Gartley Cathy , MacDonald Suzanne , Franke Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite decades of reproductive research on the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), the post‐ovulatory phase continues to confound zoologists in conservation and breeding centers around the world, often resulting in significant investments of time and resources without reproductive success. The purpose of this project was to document and compare post‐ovulatory characteristics during a non‐productive and productive breeding in the same individual in consecutive years. A multidisciplinary approach was used to monitor the visiting female giant panda at the Toronto Zoo through the luteal phase of her first two full reproductive cycles in 2014 and 2015. Monitoring occurred via urine‐endocrine analysis, weekly ultrasound examinations, and continuous behavioral observations. The 2014 reproductive cycle consisted of a pseudopregnancy, characterized by an extended luteal phase (241 days), the identification of endometrial edema and folding during ultrasound examinations, and a lack of strong association between behavior patterns and urinary progestagen secretion. The 2015 reproductive cycle included increased feeding time through the primary progestagen rise compared to the previous year, followed by simultaneous decrease in appetite and increases in inactivity, resting, sitting upright, and pre‐partum‐associated behaviors. These changes began 25 days before the birth of twins on Day 153 post‐ovulation. Both fetuses were detected via ultrasound 15 days pre‐partum. These results suggest that an absence of pre‐partum behaviors, ultrasound evidence of endometrial edema without a fetus, and an extended luteal phase may be indicative of pseudopregnancy in giant pandas. Simultaneous monitoring of morphology, behavior, and urinary‐endocrine profiles showed clear differences between successful and unsuccessful reproductive years.
Bubble bag end: a bubbly resolution of curvature singularity
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Heidmann Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We construct a family of smooth charged bubbling solitons in $$ \mathbbm{M} $$
M
4×T2, four-dimensional Minkowski with a two-torus. The solitons are characterized by a degeneration pattern of the torus along a line in $$ \mathbbm{M} $$
M
4 defining a chain of topological cycles. They live in the same parameter regime as non-BPS non-extremal four-dimensional black holes, and are ultracompact with sizes ranging from miscroscopic to macroscopic scales. The six-dimensional framework can be embedded in type IIB supergravity where the solitons are identified with geometric transitions of non-BPS D1-D5-KKm bound states. Interestingly, the geometries admit a minimal surface that smoothly opens up to a bubbly end of space. Away from the solitons, the solutions are indistinguishable from a new class of singular geometries. By taking a limit of large number of bubbles, the soliton geometries can be matched arbitrarily close to the singular spacetimes. This provides the first classical resolution of a curvature singularity beyond the framework of supersymmetry and supergravity by blowing up topological cycles wrapped by fluxes at the vicinity of the singularity.
Fünf Jahre AAC-Netzwerk: Ein digitales System zur Amtshilfe bei der Lebens- und Futtermittelkontrolle im Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum
Authors: Schweigel Christine , Jagurinoski Nikolčo , Mellenthin Annett 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Netzwerk für Amtshilfe und Zusammenarbeit (Administrative Assistance and Cooperation, kurz AAC) ist gemäß Titel IV der Verordnung (EU) 2017/625 von den Kontrollbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten zu verwenden, um Informationen zu Verstößen in der Lebensmittelproduktionskette auszutauschen. Nach einer erfolgreichen Einsatzphase im Bereich Lebensmittelbetrug wurde 2016 eine Onlineplattform zum Informationsaustausch in der Allgemeinen Amtshilfe initiiert, um einfache Verstöße gegen das Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelrecht schneller adressieren zu können. Seitdem arbeitet das Netzwerk auf Grundlage eines effizienten, digitalen Informationsmanagementsystems. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet Hintergründe und Entwicklung des behördeninternen Systems.
Cerebral derailment after myocardial infarct: mechanisms and effects of the signaling from the ischemic heart to brain
Authors: Gelosa Paolo , Castiglioni Laura , Rzemieniec Joanna , Muluhie Majeda , Camera Marina , Sironi Luigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death among ischemic heart diseases and is associated with several long-term cardiovascular complications, such as angina, re-infarction, arrhythmias, and heart failure. However, MI is frequently accompanied by non-cardiovascular multiple comorbidities, including brain disorders such as stroke, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests a causal relationship between MI and stroke, but the precise underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Indeed, the risk of stroke remains a current challenge in patients with MI, in spite of the improvement of medical treatment among this patient population has reduced the risk of stroke. In this review, the effects of the signaling from the ischemic heart to the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurogenesis, and the possible actors mediating these effects, such as systemic inflammation, immunoresponse, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs, are discussed.
Electoral systems and income inequality: a tale of political equality
Authors: Zuazu Izaskun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe link between democracy and within-country income inequality remains an unresolved quest in the literature of political economy. To look into this debate, I propose exploring the implications of electoral systems, rather than political regimes, on income inequality. I surmise that proportional representation systems should be associated with lower income inequality than majoritarian or mixed systems. Further, I conjecture that the relationship between electoral systems and income inequality hinges on the de facto distribution of real political power, namely political equality. I use data on 85 countries covering the period 1960–2016 and specify models able to capture the persistence and mean reversion of income inequality. The estimates fail to significantly associate democracy with income inequality, and find other political institutions to significantly shape income inequality. The paper finds a robust association between more proportional systems and lower income inequality. However, this association depends on political equality. Changes towards proportional representation systems seem to lower income inequality at low and medium levels of political equality. Strikingly, instrumental variable estimates show that changes in electoral systems in political equal societies increases income inequality.
Effects of methylphenidate on reinforcement learning depend on working memory capacity
Authors: Rostami Kandroodi Mojtaba , Cook Jennifer L. , Swart Jennifer C. , Froböse Monja I. , Geurts Dirk E. M. , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Nili Ahmadabadi Majid , Cools Roshan , den Ouden Hanneke E. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Brain catecholamines have long been implicated in reinforcement learning, exemplified by catecholamine drug and genetic effects on probabilistic reversal learning. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects are unclear.

Objectives and methods
Here we investigated effects of an acute catecholamine challenge with methylphenidate (20 mg, oral) on a novel probabilistic reversal learning paradigm in a within-subject, double-blind randomised design. The paradigm was designed to disentangle effects on punishment avoidance from effects on reward perseveration. Given the known large individual variability in methylphenidate’s effects, we stratified our effects by working memory capacity and trait impulsivity, putatively modulating the effects of methylphenidate, in a large sample (n = 102) of healthy volunteers.

Results
Contrary to our prediction, methylphenidate did not alter performance in the reversal phase of the task. Our key finding is that methylphenidate altered learning of choice-outcome contingencies in a manner that depended on individual variability in working memory span. Specifically, methylphenidate improved performance by adaptively reducing the effective learning rate in participants with higher working memory capacity.

Conclusions
This finding emphasises the important role of working memory in reinforcement learning, as reported in influential recent computational modelling and behavioural work, and highlights the dependence of this interplay on catecholaminergic function.
Motion blur treatment utilizing deep learning for time-resolved particle image velocimetry
Authors: Oh Jeong Suk , Lee Hoonsang , Hwang Wontae 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new method is hereby presented to reduce motion blur induced error of time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Monte-Carlo method (MCM) was applied to synthetic images to quantify the error due to blurred particle images. As the size of the streaks grew, it caused large errors in estimating displacements and increased the frequency of outliers beyond 20% for some cases. The mean displacement error was also about 0.2 – 0.55 px, which is larger than the nominally accepted PIV uncertainty of 0.1 px. A novel deblur filter (i.e., the generator) using a generative adversarial network (GAN) was developed, using 1 million synthetic images. The generator was verified using unlearned data from the MCM. The frequency of outliers, which was originally higher than 20% for the worst case, decreased to about 6%, and the displacement error was reduced to less than 0.3 px. The generator was applied to actual experimental images of a synthetic jet that had image blur and resulted in a substantial reduction of outliers. We also checked the performance of the generator in a uniform channel flow, and found that the deblurred images resulted in less PIV velocity error, and was closer to the results from the sharp images than those from the blurry images.

Graphic abstract