bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the University course timetabling problem using bat inspired algorithm
Authors: Limota Ushindi , Mujuni Egbert , Mushi Allen 
Published: July 2021

Many mathematical optimization problems from real-life applications are NP-hard, and hence no algorithm that solves them to optimality within a reasonable time is known. For this reason, metaheuristic methods are mostly preferred when their size is big. Many meta-heuristic methods have been proposed to solve various combinatorial optimization problems. One of the newly introduced metaheuristic methods is a bat-inspired algorithm, which is based on the echolocation behaviour of microbats. Bat algorithm (BA) and its variants have been used successfully to solve several optimization problems. However, from the No-free Lunch Theorem, it is known that there is no universal metaheuristic method that can solve efficiently all optimization problems. Thus, this study work focused on investigating the usefulness of BA in solving an optimization problem called Course Teaching Problem (CTP). Since BA was originally designed to solve continuous problems, and CTP is a combinatorial optimization problem, a discrete version of BA for CPT has been proposed and tested using real-life data from the Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE). The algorithm has produced promising results, as in each execution test, it generated a timetable in which all hard constraints were met and soft constraints were significantly satisfied within a few iterations.
Keywords: Combinatorial optimization, Timetabling problem, Metaheuristic algorithms, Bat algorithm.
Levels of selected toxic and essential elements in fish and oysters from Western Indian Ocean, Coast of Tanzania
Authors: Shilla Daniel A , Sawe Shovi F 
Published: July 2021

Concentrations of toxic and essential elements in selected finfish and shellfish collected from Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania are presented. The elemental concentrations were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer coupled with X-lab ProTM software. The mean concentrations of metals observed in finfish and shellfish collected from Tanga ranged from 3.40–5.75, 1.8–37.17, 3.5–7.1, 0.6–1.3, 0.53–0.73 and 16.80–96.70 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. For Dar es Salaam, the mean concentrations of metals ranged from 3.34–9.46, 2.90–30.53, 3.4–6.9, 0.7–1.0, 0.57–0.80 and 14.2–100.90 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. Thumbprint emperor showed the highest levels of Cu and Ni; octopus showed the highest values of As and Pb, while sardines showed the highest level of Mn. Oysters, used as pollution indicators in this study showed the highest elemental concentrations and exceeded their mean levels in finfish from Dar es Salaam by factors of 1.30, 7.15, 6.27, 2.72, 1.29 and 35.57 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. In samples from Tanga, the metal concentrations in oysters were several times higher (3.76, 17.68, 1.12, 3.89, 1.88 and 66.92 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) than in finfish, respectively. Based on metal concentrations in oysters, it can be concluded that coastal waters are contaminated with heavy metals. However, with an exception of arsenic and copper, the elemental levels in finfish are within the maximum permissible levels recommended by various international standards and guidelines.
Keywords: Finfish, toxic elements, essential elements, pollution, EDXRF
Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Motivasi terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai pada Unit Perawatan Pesawat Udara dalam Mendukung Praktik Latihan Terbang di STPI Curug
Authors: Driyono Bambang 
Published: July 2021

Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Motivasi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai pada unit Perawatan Pesawat Udara dalam Mendukung Praktik Terbang di STPI Curug. Penelitian ini dengan tujuan: (1) menganalisis pengaruh kemampuan terhadap prestasi kerja; (2) menganalisis pengaruh motivasi terhadap prestasi kerja ; (3) menganalisis pengaruh kemampuan dan motivasi secara simultan (bersama-sama) terhadap prestasi kerja. Pelitian ini menggunakan data primer sebanyak 33 orang pegawai pada unit Perawatan Pesawat Udara sebagai sampel adalah seluruh populasi pegawai sebanyak 33 responden. Hasil penelitian: (1) uji validitas dinyatakan valid pada setiap item pertanyaan karena diperoleh r hitung > r tabel. Uji reliabilitas seluruh item pertanyaan dinyatakan reliabel ; (2) Nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh X1 terhadap Y adalah 0.024< 0.05 dan nilai t_hitung 2.386 > 2.042, disimpulkan bahwa H1 diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh kemampuan variabel X1 terhadap prestasi kerja variabel Y ; (3) nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh X2 terhadap Y sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai t_hitung 5.367 > 2.042, sehingga disimpulkan H2 diterima, srtinya terdapat pengaruh kemampuan X2 terhadap prestasi kerja variabel Y ; (4) nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh X1 dan X2 terhadap Y adalah 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai F_hitung sebesar 24.774 > 3.30, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa H3 diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh kemampuan variabel (X1) dan motivasi variabel (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi kerja (Y); (5) nilai R_square 0.623, artinya adalah bahwa pengaruh antara kemampuan sebagai variabel (X1) dan motivasi sebagai variabel (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi kerja variabel (Y) adalah sebesar 62.3%, persamaan regresi linier berganda : Y = -2.836+ 0.344X1 + 0.692X2.
Philosophy of Ayam Jago: Researching The Values of Character Education in Customary Perbayo Sungai Tutung Village, Kerinci District
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad , Iskandar Nuzul , Witro Doli , Sandria Ogi 
Published: July 2021

Perbayo is a speech delivered at the coronation ceremony of a local village leader that embraces three aspects, namely: the creation of human, the Kerinci’s natural history, and the leadership. As for the third aspect, the values are often analogous to a rooster having six characters: 1) langsing kokok (good crow); 2) sibar ekor (beautiful tail); 3) kembang sayap (wide wings); 4) besar paruh (big beak); 5) lebar dada (big chest); and 6) runcing taji (sharp spur). The six characters are metaphors of the values that a leader of Sungai Tutung Village must have. This study aims to explore the practice of character education among the people of Sungai Tutung Village. Using a semi-ethnographic design, this study found: firstly, the rooster’s six characters symbolize leadership values that have been preserved from generation to generation among the customary leaders of Sungai Tutung Village; secondly, the analogy of the rooster is maintained because apart from being easy to remember, it symbolizes courage, dignity, wisdom, and responsibility.
Perbayo merupakan pidato saat penobatan pemuka adat desa yang memiliki penekanan pada tiga aspek, yaitu penciptaan manusia, sejarah alam Kerinci, dan kepemimpinan. Pada aspek ketiga, nilai-nilainya seringkali dianalogikan dengan ayam jago yang memiliki enam karakter: 1) langsing kokok; 2) sibar ekor; 3) kembang sayap; 4) besar paruh; 5) lebar dada; dan 6) runcing taji. Keenam karakter tersebut adalah metafor dari nilai-nilai yang mesti hidup dan tumbuh dalam individu pemuka adat di Desa Sungai Tutung. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam Perbayo Adat Desa Sungai Tutung. Dengan menggunakan desain semi etnografi, studi ini menemukan: pertama, enam karakter ayam jago merupakan nilai-nilai kepemimpinan yang dilestarikan secara turun-temurun oleh pemuka adat Desa Sungai Tutung; kedua, analogi ayam jago dipertahankan karena selain gampang diingat dan disebut, ayam jago menyimbolkan keberanian, kewibawaan, kebijaksanaan, dan bertanggungjawab.
The Exploitation of Religious Narratives: The Study of “Jihad Nikah” Narratives in ISIS Al-Qur’an Perspective
Authors: Dinal Maula Haris Fatwa 
Published: July 2021

ISIS uses the term “marriage jihad” narrative to attract new recruits, especially among women. Although ISIS was declared defeated in 2016, the seeds of the “jihadi brides” narrative can still be found in some acts of terrorism around the world even today. Hence, the study of “marriage jihad” is seen very relevant and urgent to be conducted. “Marriage jihad” narrative, according to them, emphasizes the importance of expecting mothers who will deliver warriors and soldiers who involved in their holy war. On the other hand, this narrative is also used to legitimize biological motives of ISIS combatants. Based on human rights perspective, this narrative is the kind of women slavery who are perceived as sexual objects. This is often wrapped in religious terminology, such “for the sake of Islam”. The “marriage jihad”phrase which has never been found in the history of Islamic discourse is analyzed through the perspectives of the Qur’an based on Ma’na Cum Maghza approach. According to the Qur’anic perspectives, both jihad and marriage have the same goal, that is to build a vision of peace and compassion. So the narrative of the “marriage jihad” initiated by ISIS is certainly at odd with the Islamic principles.
ISIS menggunakan narasi “jihad nikah” untuk menarik calon anggota baru, khususnya perempuan. Meskipun ISIS sudah dinyatakan kalah pada 2016, benih-benih narasi “jihadi brides” masih bisa ditemui dalam aksi-aksi terorisme di seluruh dunia bahkan hingga saat ini. Hal ini yang membuat kajian tentang narasai “jihad nikah” menjadi relevan dan urgen. Artikel ini membahas tentang eksploitasi terminologi agama dalam agenda propaganda ISIS yaitu “jihad nikah”. Narasi ini, menurut mereka, menekankan pentingnya perempuan untuk dihamili agar kelak anak-anak yang lahir menjadi pejuang dan prajurit yang memperjuangkan mereka. Di sisi lain, narasi ini juga digunakan sebagai legitimasi kebutuhan syahwat para kombatan ISIS yang sedang berada di medan perang. Frase jihad nikah tidak pernah ditemukan dalam sejarah diskursus Islam. Tulisan ini mengupas narasi jihad nikah dalam perspektif al-Qur’an dengan pendekatan Ma’na Cum Maghza. Menurut sudut pandang tafsir al-Qur’an, jihad dan nikah mempunyai tujuan yang serupa yaitu membangun visi perdamaian dalam kasih sayang. Maka narasi jihad nikah yang diprakarsai oleh ISIS tersebut tentu bertolak belakang dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam.
The Portrait of Interreligious Harmony: A Phenomenon Study of Inter-Faith Family Harmony in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Muhajir Muhammad , Anang Arif Al 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to delve into the building harmony of interfaith families in Jetis, Hargomulyo, Gedangsari, Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. It explores how the family ensures rights and obligations, educates children, provides freedom of worship and maintains relations with the family and the surrounding communities. In addition, it also explains how Islam views the harmony of families of interfaith couples. The results showed that the people of Jetis kampong attempted to fulfill their rights and obligations properly, such as the provision of proper livelihoods, not less and not excessive, although the level of fairness of each individual is different from one person to another. In terms of religion, the couples were able to carry out religious activities separately; they mutually support one another by creating tolerance in the family.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktek pembentukan keluarga harmonis pasangan keluarga beda agama di Dusun Jetis, Hargomulyo, Gedangsari, Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta, yang meliputi bagaimana pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban, bagaimana pendidikan anak, bagaimana kebebasan beribadah dan bagaimana relasi dengan keluarga maupun masyarakat sekitar, serta menjelaskan bagaimana tinjauan Islam terhadap keharmonisan keluarga pasangan beda agama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Dusun Jetis dalam praktek pembentukan keluarga harmonis dilihat dari segi pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban sudah terpenuhi dengan baik, serta dalam hal keagamaan keduanya mampu menjalankan aktivitas keagamaan secara terpisah namun saling mendukung antara satu dengan yang lainnya dengan memunculkan sikap toleransi dalam keluarga.
The importance of the professional competence of forign language teachers
Authors: Muhammadieva Halima 
Published: July 2021

Today, the process of reforming the teaching of foreign languages ​​has intensified due to the globalization of social, economic and political problems around the world. Teaching and learning foreign languages ​​is becoming a vital necessity for every nation. In modern Uzbekistan, the role of teaching and developing foreign languages, especially English, is currently of great value. Learning English is a necessity of life and is one of the basic requirements of modern society. In this article, the author addresses the problem of the professional competence of foreign language teachers which are necessary for successful pedagogical activity.
Pengaruh Output Pertanian Dan Pariwisata Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia
Authors: Haryani Haryani , Asrida Asrida 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh output pertanian dan pariwisata terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal, maka data yang digunakan data sekunder yang bersifat time series yaitu data pertumbuhan ekonomi, output pertanian dan untuk data pariwisata digunakan data jumlah kedatangan turis mancanegara di Indonesia selama 24 tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 1995-2019 yang bersumber dari World Bank dengan teknik analisis regressi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Output pertanian dan pariwisata berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia
INHIBITION OF SURGICALLY INDUCED MIOSIS WITH NEPAFENAC
Authors: Mirza Rabbia , Basit Imran , Khan Summaya , Ullah Zahid , Tarar Shahid , Awais Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the efficacy of prophylactic administration of 0.1% nepafenac in the maintenance of trans-operative mydriasis following cataract surgery.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Oct 2018 to Mar 2019.
Methodology: A total of 70 patients undergoing cataract surgery phacoemulsification were randomly placed in either the control group or the nepafenac group. Nepafenac eye drops were administered as one drop 8 hourly, 3 days before surgery. Control group didn’t receive any medication preoperatively Mydriasis was measured trans-operatively before surgery, after aspiration of the cortex, and then at the end of surgery. Patients of both groups received tobradex 2 weeks post-surgery.
Results: Post-surgery statistically significant (0.001) difference was observed in the mean pupil size between the nepafenac group (7.88 ± 0.49) and the control group (6.57 ± 0.92 mm).
Conclusion: Use of nepafenac prophylactically was very effective in maintenance of trans-operative mydriasis in cataract surgery.
Perfil sociodemográfico e narrativas de pessoas idosas que já viviam a solidão antes da sindemia do Covid-19
Authors: Bezerra Patricia Araújo , Soares Suelen De Alencar , Franco Simone Bezerra , Moura Leides Barroso de Azevedo 
Published: July 2021

Os dados e narrativas apresentados neste estudo descrevem o quão urgente é compreender os desafios e as oportunidades da heterogeneidade do envelhecimento, especialmente numa sociedade ageista que historicamente isola os indivíduos mais longevos. Neste artigo são analisados resultados de entrevistas com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais de idade residentes em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência no Distrito Federal, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019. Adota-se o constructo do ageismo como perspectiva teórica do estudo. Observou-se que a maioria das pessoas idosas já viviam a solidão antes da circulação global do SARS COV-2. A sindemia do COVID 19 em curso tem o potencial de acirrar a solidão já vivida por pessoas idosas, mas também de criar novas sociabilidades e redes de solidariedade intergeracionais.
Evidências e dependência ontológica: sobre interpretações de lógicas paraconsistentes
Authors: Rodrigues Abílio , Antunes Henrique 
Published: July 2021

Neste texto, apresentamos duas abordagens distintas, mas não necessariamente excludentes, da paraconsistência. A primeira trata das lógicas da evidência e verdade (logics of evidence and truth), nas quais contradições são interpretadas como evidência não conclusiva, simultânea e conflitante para um par de proposições A e ¬A. A segunda abordagem propõe que as diferenças entre a lógica clássica e alguns sistemas de lógica paraconsistente correspondem à distinção entre objetos ontologicamente independentes e ontologicamente dependentes, sendo esses últimos caracterizados como objetos cuja existência depende de nossos processos psicológicos e práticas linguísticas. Em ambas as alternativas, ilustramos como justificar a legitimidade das lógicas paraconsistentes sem endossar a tese de que a realidade, para ser descrita corretamente, requer proposições contraditórias.
Brucellosis in Iranian buffalo: prevalence and diagnostic methods
Authors: Dadar Maryam , Wareth Gamal , Neubauer Heinrich 
Published: July 2021

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Iran represent an important source of meat and milk products with high biological value. Given the importance of water buffalo in Iran and the prevalence of brucellosis as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in this ruminant species, this study summarized available data on history, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of brucellosis in water buffalo from previous studies that have been carried out in Iran. According to the documented data, there are three main groups of Iranian buffalo, including the Khuzestan ecotype (Khuzestan province); the Azary ecotype (Western/ Eastern Azarbaijan and Ardabil provinces); and the North ecotype (Gylan and Mazandaran provinces). Preliminary studies conducted on Iranian buffaloes either by serological or molecular tools reported that buffaloes' infection occurred due to natural exposure to a wild strain of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Previous studies dealing with brucellosis in Iranian buffalo are next to none. This review notifies the importance of reliable and detailed epidemiological investigations of Iranian buffaloes through continuous monitoring systems of the health status of buffalo populations. Continuous test and slaughter strategy, vaccination, and re-planning of veterinary activities are required to mitigate buffalo's role in disseminating and maintaining brucellosis in Iran.
Інтегрована звітність у процесі прийняття інвестиційних рішень: бібліометричний аналіз наукового ландшафту
Authors: Kostenko Olena , Kravchenko Olena , Ovcharova Natalia , Oleksich Zhanna , Dmytrenko Alla 
Published: July 2021

Метою статті є формування підходів до розуміння інтегрованої звітності в процесі прийняття інвестиційних рішень, а також ідентифікації наукових шкіл у цій сфері з дальшою візуалізацією наукового ландшафту за допомогою бібліометричних карт.
Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологічною основою дослідження виступають термінологічний, бібліометричний та кластерний аналіз, графічний і табличні методи систематизації визначень поняття «інтегрована звітність». Джерелом даних слугували публікації з бази Scopus за 1986–2020 рр., оброблені програмними засобами «VOSviewer».
Результати. Узагальнено, проаналізовано та удосконалено підходи до трактування економічної сутності поняття «інтегрована звітність». Уперше здійснено термінологічний, бібліометричний і кластерний аналіз публікацій зарубіжних учених щодо інтегрованої звітності, який доповнено аналізом вітчизняних публікацій із цієї тематики. Найбільш значущим є кластер, що розглядає інтегровану звітність у контексті інтелектуального капіталу, корпоративного управління, корпоративної соціальної відповідальності, розкриття інформації. Дослідження цього кластеру є найбільш новими (сучасними) за хронологією. Уперше встановлено, що у вивченні інтегрованої звітності є дві основоположні наукові школи, що об’єднують представників США, Великобританії, Австралії та ЄС, представлено рейтинг найбільш цитованих статей цих авторів. На основі виконаної роботи запропоновано авторське визначення поняття «інтегрована звітність» як нового виду звітності, яка розкриває інформацію підприємства в економічному розрізі щодо фінансових, екологічних, соціальних, виробничих та управлінських показників і цілісно відображає його стратегії, ризики, стійкість бізнес-моделі, та яка призначена для задоволення інформаційних потреб усіх стейкхолдерів підприємства, зокрема інвесторів.
Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Кластеризація наукових досліджень у сфері інтегрованої звітності дозоляє виявити найбільш типові підходи до її розуміння у світовій думці та окреслити науковий ландшафт у цій сфері, що дає змогу сформувати власний, практико-орієнтований підхід до її визначення. Його особливістю є поєднання термінологічного, кластерного та бібліометричного аналізу, що підвищує обґрунтованість авторського підходу.
Практична цінність / значущість. Застосування авторського підходу українськими підприємствами дозволить підвищити значущість інтегрованої звітності в розкритті ними інформації про сталий розвиток, фінансові та нефінансові аспекти.
Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change based on Century simulations of long-term arable experiments
Authors: Bruni Elisa , Guenet Bertrand , Huang Yuanyuan , Clivot Hugues , Virto Iñigo , Farina Roberta , Kätterer Thomas , Ciais Philippe , Martin Manuel , Chenu Claire 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for soil fertility, food security, and climate change
adaptation and mitigation. One way to enhance SOC stocks is to increase carbon (C) inputs to the soil. In this study, we assessed the amount of organic C inputs that are necessary to reach a target of SOC stocks increase by
4 ‰ yr−1 on average, for 30 years, at 14 long-term agricultural sites in Europe. We used the Century model to simulate SOC
stocks and assessed the required level of additional C inputs to reach the 4 per 1000 target at these sites. Then, we analyzed how this would change
under future scenarios of temperature increase. Initial stocks were simulated assuming steady state. We compared modeled C inputs to different
treatments of additional C used on the experimental sites (exogenous organic matter addition and one treatment with different crop rotations). The
model was calibrated to fit the control plots, i.e. conventional management without additional C inputs from exogenous organic matter or changes in
crop rotations, and was able to reproduce the SOC stock dynamics. We found that, on average among the selected experimental sites, annual C inputs will have to increase by 43.15 ± 5.05 %, which is
0.66 ± 0.23 MgCha-1yr-1 (mean ± standard error), with respect to the initial C inputs in the control treatment. The
simulated amount of C input required to reach the 4 ‰ SOC increase was lower than or similar to the amount of C input actually used in the
majority of the additional C input treatments of the long-term experiments. However, Century might be overestimating the effect of additional
C inputs on SOC stocks. At the experimental sites, we found that treatments with additional C inputs were increasing by 0.25 % on average. This
means that the C inputs required to reach the 4 per 1000 target might actually be much higher. Furthermore, we estimated that annual C inputs will
have to increase even more due to climate warming, that is 54 % more and 120 % more for a 1 and 5 ∘C warming,
respectively. We showed that modeled C inputs required to reach the target depended linearly on the initial SOC stocks, raising concern on the
feasibility of the 4 per 1000 objective in soils with a higher potential contribution to C sequestration, that is soils with high SOC stocks. Our
work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks at a large scale and in a future with a warmer climate.