bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing The Impacts of Climate Variability on Rural Households in Agricultural Land Through The Application of Livelihood Vulnerability Index
Authors: Gitima Ginjo , Legesse Abiyot , Biru Dereje 
Published: May 2021

Climate variability adversely affects rural households in Ethiopia as they depend on rain-fed agriculture, which is highly vulnerable to climate fluctuations and severe events such as drought and pests. In view of this, we have assessed the impacts of climate variability on rural household’s livelihoods in agricultural land in Tarchazuria district of Dawuro Zone. A total of 270 samples of household heads were selected using a multistage sampling technique with sample size allocation procedures of the simple random sampling method. Simple linear regression, the standard precipitation index, the coefficient of variance, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze climatic data such as rainfall and temperature. Two livelihood vulnerability analysis approaches, such as composite index and Livelihood Vulnerability Index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) approaches, were used to analyze indices for socioeconomic and biophysical indicators. The study revealed that the variability patterns of rainfall and increasing temperatures had been detrimental effects on rural households' livelihoods. The result showed households of overall standardized, average scores of Wara Gesa (0.60) had high livelihood vulnerability with dominant major components of natural, physical, social capital, and livelihood strategies to climate-induced natural hazards than Mela Gelda (0.56). The LVI-IPCC analysis results also revealed that the rural households in Mela Gelda were more exposed to climate variability than Wara Gesa and slightly sensitive to climate variability, considering the health and knowledge and skills, natural capitals, and financial capitals of the households. Therefore, interventions including road infrastructure construction, integrated with watershed management, early warning information system, providing training, livelihood diversification, and SWC measures' practices should be a better response to climate variability-induced natural hazards.
Keywords: Households; Livelihood Vulnerability Index; climate variability; Tarchazuria District

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Landslide Hazard Analysis Using a Multilayered Approach Based on Various Input Data Configurations
Authors: Huqqani Ilyas Ahmad , Tien Tay Lea , Mohamad-Saleh Junita 
Published: May 2021

Landslide is a natural disaster that occurs mostly in hill areas. Landslide hazard mapping is used to classify the prone areas to mitigate the risk of landslide hazards. This paper aims to compare spatial landslide prediction performance using an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on different data input configurations, different numbers of hidden neurons, and two types of normalization techniques on the data set of Penang Island, Malaysia. The data set involves twelve landslide influencing factors in which five factors are in continuous values, while the remaining seven are in categorical/discrete values. These factors are considered in three different configurations, i.e., original (OR), frequency ratio (FR), and mixed-type (MT) data, which act as an input to train the ANN model separately. A significant effect on the final output is the number of hidden neurons in the hidden layer. In addition, three data configurations are processed using two different normalization methods, i.e., mean-standard deviation (Mean-SD) and Min-Max. The landslide causative data often consist of correlated information caused by overlapping of input instances. Therefore, the principal component analysis (PCA) technique is used to eliminate the correlated information. The area under the receiver of characteristics (ROC) curve, i.e., AUC is also applied to verify the produced landslide hazard maps. The best result of AUC for both Mean-SD and Min-Max with PCA schemes are 96.72% and 96.38%, respectively. The results show that Mean-SD with PCA of MT data configuration yields the best validation accuracy, AUC, and lowest AIC at 100 number of hidden neurons. MT data configuration with the Mean-SD normalization and PCA scheme is more robust and stable in the MLP model's training for landslide prediction.
Keywords: Landslide; ANN; Hidden Neurons; Normalization; PCA; ROC; Hazard map

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
The Role of Higher Education in Implementing Pancasila Education MKWU Policy for National Character Development
Authors: Sudrajat Tatang 
Published: May 2021

<p><em>The character of the nation is very important for the sustainability of the Indonesian nation's struggle to fill independence by carrying out national development. Value education, including Pancasila Education in tertiary institutions plays a strategic role in preparing nationals with character. Public policy in the field of higher education is a concrete manifestation of the state's function in educating the nation's life. This study aims to describe the role of higher education institutions in implementing the MKWU Pancasila Education policy for the development of national character. </em><em>With the normative juridical method and literature study, it is known that the state / government has established a policy of inculcating the values of Pancasila by issuing several public policies in the field of higher education. Universities as policy institutions as well as university leaders and lecturers of MKWU Pancasila Education as policy actors play a major role in building student character as an integral part of the Indonesian nation. Students as policy targets can act as role models for successful implementation. The policy environment contributes to its survival and success. Higher education is faced with several challenges and problems in implementing the policy of planting Pancasila values. There is a policy substance that needs to be refined</em>.</p>
Bicompartmental Bucket Handle Meniscal Tear with Chronic ACL Deficiency Causing a Rare Triple PCL and Triple Cruciate Sign
Authors: Sales Eric , Gupta Sunny , Daines Benjamin , Baker Alexandra , Landgrabe Melanie , Zeini Ibrahim Mamdouh , Youmans D. Harrison , Osbahr Daryl Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Case:
A 16-year-old football player presented with chronic ACL deficiency along with bicompartmental bucket handle meniscal tears.

Conclusion:
We present a “triple cruciate” sign in addition to the triple posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to aid in diagnosing this injury.
Design of Universal Logic Gates Using Homo and Hetero-Junction Double Gate TFETs with Pseudo-Derived Logic
Authors: B Lokesh , K Sai Pavan kumar , M Pown , B Lakshmi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work explores homo and hetero-junction Tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) based NAND and NOR logic circuits using 30 nm technology and compares their performance in terms of power consumption and propagation delay. By implementing homo-junction TFET based NAND and NOR logic circuits, it has been observed that NAND consumes less power than NOR gate, since current drawn by PTFET in pull-up network of NOR gate is higher. The delay of homo-junction TFET based NOR logic gate is lesser than that of NAND gate due to its reduced internal capacitances. To meet the enhanced performance of both NAND and NOR logic circuits, shorted and independent double gate hetero-junction (GaSb-InAs) TFETs are designed and implemented. In order to reduce both power consumption and delay further, Pseudo-derived logic is implemented in NAND and NOR logic circuits for the first time. Hetero-junction TFET based NAND with Pseudo-derived logic circuit shows lesser propagation delay of 103 times and reduction in power consumption by 0.75 times compared to hetero-junction NAND logic circuit. Hetero-junction TFET based NOR with Pseudo-derived logic shows that the reduction in power consumption is of 103 times and less propagation delay than that of hetero-junction NOR logic circuit
Fluorescent Sensors For Hg2+ and Cu2+ Based On Condensation Products of 4H-1,2,4 Triazole-4-Amine And Carboxylated Benzoic Acids
Authors: Deka Satyapriya , Guha Ankur K , Das Diganta Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) causes serious health issues in its all forms. Deficiency as well as excess of copper ion (Cu2+) in human body is hazardous. A series of four compounds have been derived from carboxylated benzoic acids (benzoic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and phthalic acid) and 4H-1,2,4 triazole-4-amine and characterized. Fluorescencce detection of Hg2+ was recorded by the derivates with benzoic acid and isophthalic acid while the derivatives of terephthalic acid and phthalic acid detect Cu2+ by fluorescence “off” mode. Metal ions like Li+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Al3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ found not to interfere. The stoichiometry of binding is 1:1 for the benzoic acid derivative with Hg2+ while it is 1:2 for the other three derivatives. The binding constants are ca. 10− 4.5 between the sensors and Hg2+ or Cu2+ and detection limits are around 10− 5.5 M. DFT calculation provided optimized geometries of the sensors and confirmed the stoichiometry of binding with Hg2+/Cu2+.
Bias adjustment of Cordex database based on a nonlinear artificial neural network method to simulate summer precipitation in the southeast Iran
Authors: Fanoodi Mohammad Reza Salari , Khosravi Mahmood , Tavousi Taghi , Hamidianpour Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Precipitation is variable and random in nature and therefore, it has different behaviors in different places and times resulting in uncertainty increase. In this regard, due to the present uncertainties, there are many variations in the amount of precipitation, which makes it difficult to forecast this important quantity. In this study, to reduce the uncertainty and estimate the output of the Cordex database properly, we have used the multilayer perceptron neural network method and the Levenberg–Marquardt educational function. For this purpose, seven monthly parameters including surface temperature, surface temperature 850 hPa, surface pressure, altitude 500 hPa, surface moisture, specific humidity of 850 hPa and durations of sunshine extracted from the Cordex database networks were used as independent input parameters and monthly precipitation of six synoptic stations of Zahedan, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Chabahar, Iranshahr and Saravan in five climate models CanESM2, CSIRO_Mk, GFDL_ESM2M, MIROC5 and NorESM1_M were separately evaluated as dependent parameters in the artificial neural network in two time series: 1) 1979 to 2005 in the historical model; and 2) 2006 to 2018 in RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 mode. The two models MIROC5 and CSIRO_MK in historical mode and GFDL_ESM2M and CSIRO_MK in RCP modes were selected as the most effective models. Considering the temperature, air pressure and humidity information and given the high correlation of the forecasted outputs, we can utilize the nonlinear artificial neural networks method in order to skew the Cordex database precipitation data for the southeast region of Iran.
Genetic Analysis of Cadmium Tolerance And Exploring Its Inheritance Nature In Bread Wheat
Authors: Awaad Hassan A. , Alzohairy Ahmed M. , Morsy Amgad M. , Moustafa Ehab S.A. , Mansour Elsayed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultural production. Accordingly, developing tolerant-Cd as well as low-grain Cd genotypes is considered a promising approach to cope with the pollution problem. The current study aimed at understanding inheritance nature of Cd tolerance and detect Cd-tolerant and low-grain Cd genotypes in bread wheat. Six parents were selected based on their Cd tolerance and were genotyped using triple-RAPD and ISSR markers to investigate their genetic diversity. The selected parents were crossed and the realized F1s were selfed to produce F2 populations and were backcrossed with their own parents to produce BC1 and BC2 populations. Six populations for each cross comprised P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were evaluated in two adjacent experiments under non-Cd stressed and Cd-stressed conditions. Significant positive relative and standard heterosis were detected for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, Cd concentration and grain yield/plant under Cd-stressed condition. Dominance gene effect was more pronounced in controlling the evaluated traits in most cases. F values coupled with F/√H×D ratio were positive for Cd concentration and Cd sensitivity index in the three crosses under both conditions. Heritability estimates from offspring regression were high (< 50%) for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, Cd concentration while, moderately low for grain yield/plant and Cd sensitivity index. Prediction results revealed to high transgressive segregates and exceeding F1 with best-inbred line (P max) that have all favorable alleles were obtained from 3rd cross for flag leaf area, low Cd concentration and Cd sensitivity index under Cd-stressed conditions.
The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats
Authors: El-Amawy Ayman Ahmed Bassiouny , Zaahkouk Samir Attia Mohammed , Rasheed Hesham Gamal Abdel , Mohammed Bassem Elsayed Elaraby 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was designed to clarify the hepato-renal protective effects of propolis extract against heavy metals-induced toxicity via oral administration to the males of albino rats. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals have the ability to produce reactive radicals in the biological systems causing public and animals health hazards through disrupting balances between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense system, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The most commonly affected organs are liver and kidney. Propolis is a natural product with different shapes and resinous substance collected by honey bees, it attenuates many diseases damage due to its anti-oxidative action and its potentiality to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals on tissues. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Sb as well as the activities of antioxidants endogenous enzymes including; glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all determined in the tissues of liver and kidney; while aspartate transaminase (ASAT), alanine transaminase (ALAT), total protein (TP), urea and createnine, were measured in the serum of experimental rats beside histopathologicl examination in the tissues of liver and kidney. The oral administration of propolis provided a significantly therapeutic role against multi-metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity with relative improving to histopathological changes because of its scavenging and chelating properties as concluded from the present investigation.
Modulation of Optical Oxygen Sensing Properties of Iridium (III) Complexes By Changing Their Substitution Groups
Authors: Ongun Merve Zeyrek , Şahin Murat , Oguzlar Sibel , Aytan Tuğçe Akbal , Atilla Devrim , Topal Sevinc Zehra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The series of bis-cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes bearing different substituents (-H, -OCH3, -F, -CH3) at the aryl moiety (Ir-1, Ir-2, Ir-3 and Ir-4) have been synthesized and characterized by MASS and 1H NMR spectrometries, and IR, absorption and emission spectroscopies. The effects of the substituents on their oxygen sensing properties as well as optical properties and decay kinetics have been investigated systematically in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethyl cellulose (EC) thin films. The Ir (III) complexes embedded in EC-based thin films showed more advanced sensor dynamics, higher oxygen sensitivity, and superior relative signal changes when compared with their solution phase. The I0/I100 values of Ir-1, Ir-2, Ir-3 and Ir-4 immobilized in EC thin film were calculated as 11.3, 5.2, 7.0 and 25.6 for the concentration range of 0-100% pCO2, respectively. These results show that the weak electron-donating properties of the methyl groups at the aryl moiety improve remarkably the optical oxygen sensing abilities of the Ir (III) complexes.
Investigation of Effects of Silymarin in 5-Fluorouracil Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Sengul Emin , Gelen Volkan , Yildirim Serkan , Senturk Esra , Dag Yusuf , Eser Gizem , Gok Melahat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are common side effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Silymarin (SLY) on 5-FU induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. In our study, 10 mice in each group were randomly divided into four groups as the control group, 5-FU, SLY50+5-FU, and SLY100+5-FU group. SLY50+5-FU and SLY100+5-FU groups were administered at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for seven days, respectively. 5-FU was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the fourth day. After the applications, the mice were decapitated under anesthesia. The liver and kidney functions which urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels were analyzed in serum. In liver and renal tissues, MDA and GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GR activity were determined. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were examined in liver and kidney sections. Urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels increased 5-FU group according to control and prevented to this increases the especially high dose of SLY. 5-FU also causes histopathological and immunohistochemical changes such as degeneration, necrosis, hyperemia, DNA damage, and IL-6 increase in kidney and liver tissue. High doses of SLY prevented these changes caused by 5-FU. As a result of this study, it was determined that SLY has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects on 5-FU-induced liver and kidney damage in mice.
Effects of Hydrological Processes on Surface and Subsurface Nitrogen Losses from Purple Soil Slopes
Authors: Xie Meixiang , Zhang Pingcang , Shi Yuanzhi , Hong Dalin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Relationships of hydrological processes via surface flow (SF) and subsurface flow (SSF) to nitrogen (N) losses from sloping farmlands have been rarely researched. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) losses from purple sloped soils due to SF, SSF and sediment (S). Effects of rainfalls and slope gradients on N losses were also studied. Three rainfall intensities (0.4 ± 0.02, 1.0 ± 0.04 and 1.8 ± 0.11 mm min-1) and four slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°) were designed in experiments. Larger SF discharges occurred with increasing rainfall intensities while SSF was prone to happen under low rainfall intensities. Although r2 of regression results were low, both N loss concentrations and loads coincided positively with discharges except for a negative relation between N concentrations and SF discharges. In comparison, smaller SSF discharges produced substantial N loads with higher N concentrations especially for NO3-N. NH4-N, NO3-N, and TN losses were dominated by S, SSF and SF, respectively. Furthermore, linear increases in loss loads with increasing discharges revealed that distributions of N loss loads were compatible with flow distributions in stormwater. 10° may be a critical slope gradient for SSF discharge and nutrient export.
Linalool Essential Oil/Nanocellulose-Based Pickering Emulsions: An In-Depth Investigation of Processing Parameters
Authors: de Souza Alana Gabrieli , Marciano Jéssica de Souza , Ferreira Rafaela Reis , de Oliveira Eder Ramin , Rosa Derval dos Santos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to prepare nanocellulose-based emulsions using linalool essential oil using different processing parameters and correlating them with emulsions' stability and particle size. The investigated parameters were cellulose morphology (CNC or CNF) and concentration (0.5 or 1 wt%), essential oil concentration (20 or 30% v/v), homogenization speed (10,000 or 12,000 rpm), and time (3 or 7 minutes). The emulsions were tested by droplet size, morphology, and storage stability. The Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to understand each parameter's effects in the emulsions' characteristics and the statistical results. Each nanocellulose morphology presented a type of stabilization in emulsions and different ideal process parameters. CNC-emulsions showed as optimum parameters 30% essential oil and 7 minutes preparation, reflecting the higher necessary energy for the efficient CNCs adsorption in the O/W interface, and the maximum stability was ~ 50% by electrostatic interactions. CNF-emulsions showed optimum parameters 1% CNF and 12,000 rpm homogenization speed, reflecting the necessary parameters to convert the suspensions into gels where the droplets are well-coated by the fibers. This study is a pioneer in an in-depth understanding of the processing parameters' impact on emulsion stability and will be a guideline for future studies with different solid particles and oil phases.
Neuromuscular, acute symptoms and cardiorespiratory responses to progressive elastic resistance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: cross- sectional study
Authors: Calatayud Joaquin , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Vera-Uribe Roberto , Olivares-Valenzuela Álvaro , Guzmán-González Benjamín , Torres Maria E , Sepúlveda-Cáceres Nicolás , Andersen Lars L. , Cruz-Montecinos Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate neuromuscular, acute symptoms and cardiorespiratory responses during progressive elastic resistance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: 14 patients diagnosed with moderate-very severe COPD performed knee extensions at different elastic resistance levels. Normalized Root Mean Square (nRMS) was measured for the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM), together with rate of perceived exertion (RPE), perceived quadriceps fatigue, dyspnea, oxygen saturation and heart rate. Results: For the VL, a nRMS increase was evident from a two-level increment when using the red color. When using the green and blue colors, four and three level increments were needed to increase nRMS, respectively. For the VM, there were no nRMS progressions. For the RF, a nRMS increase was evident from a two-level increment when using the red color and after one-level when using the green color. Dyspnea, quadriceps fatigue and especially RPE increased in a dose-response fashion and were correlated (p<0.01) with the relative resistance (i.e., % of the maximum resistance), resistance level (i.e., color) and nRMS at the three muscles.Conclusions: Heavy elastic resistance training is feasible in COPD patients, without excessive dyspnea and with stable cardiorespiratory response.
Communication of Design Data in Manufacturing Democratization
Authors: Ghorpade Bhairavsingh , Raman Shivakumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Part design is the principal source of communicating design intent to manufacturing and inspection. The design data is often communicated through CAD systems. Modern analytics tools and artificial intelligence integration into manufacturing has significantly advanced machine recognition of design specification and manufacturing constraints. This paper is aimed at the collaboration among multiple vendors across supply chains to enable efficient order procurement. To this end, the paper discusses the development of a simple framework for extracting the dimensional data from part design and storing them for enhancing machine readability of the part design at multiple levels of manufacturing.