bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Utilization Pattern, Cost of Illness and Cost-Effective Analysis of Antihypertensive Drugs in a Tertiary Hospital- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ramanath K. V. , Biju Brijin Thomas , Ahmed Imad , Haritha Mandapati Veera Venkata , Kishore K. S. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Hypertension is a condition with a substantial public health burden and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires the use of cost-effective treatment and effective management of a disease. Hence, this study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of antihypertension drugs in patients with hypertension and other co- morbidities.
Methods: The study was designed as prospective and interventional, with objectives to evaluate the cost of illness, prescribing patterns of different classes of antihypertensive drugs alone or in combination, and cost-effectiveness evaluation of other groups of antihypertensive drugs prescribed. Provided About 40 patients were with antihypertensive drugs of various classes whose health scores were calculated using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and calculated the total cost of treatment. Also calculated Most common Prescribe antihypertensive medications and the cost-effectiveness of each drug.
Results: This study showed that 58% of patients received combination therapy, 42% received monotherapy. Metoprolol was most cost-effective, followed by Carvedilol, which was in the case of monotherapy. Concerning combination therapy, Amlodipine + Bisoprolol proved to be the most cost-effective. ARBs were the most commonly prescribed class of antihypertensive drugs.
Conclusion: The study provided significant improvement in the health score of patients concerning the cost-effective antihypertensive treatment, showing an effective reduction in BP/ Helped in the management of hypertension and helped reduce risk factors associated with various cardiovascular diseases.
Determining the nutrient content, energy, and in vitro true digestibility of some grass forage plants
Authors: GÜRSOY Esra , KAYA Adem , GÜL Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical composition, metabolizable energy, net energy lactation, total digestible nutrient, in vitro digestion parameters, and relative feed quality of some grass forage plants growing naturally in the meadows and pastures of Erzurum province in Turkey. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), Variegated brome (Bromus variegatus), and Intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) were used as the research material. In this study, the metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of the green grass crops forage plants were determined by in vitro gas production method, and their digestibility parameters and relative feed quality (RFQ) by the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) procedure using an Ankom Daisy incubator. As a result of the study, the differences between the forage plants were found to be statistically significant in terms of chemical composition, metabolizable energy, net energy lactation, true organic matter digestibility (TOMD) and RFQ (P<0.05). While the green intermediate wheatgrass was found to have the highest crude protein (CP) (19.56%), crude fat (CF) (3.06%), dry matter (DM) (9.14%), ME (8.82%), NEL (5.42%), and TOMD (97.75%); the green variegated brome was found to have the highest RFQ (149.79). The green orchardgrass was found to have the highest contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) with 66.23%, 34.14, and 8.52%, respectively. In conclusion, the green grass forage plants examined in this study can be used to eliminate the quality roughage deficit.
PRICING STRATEGIES FOR NEW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Ademi Vjosa Fejza , Avdullahi Ajtene 
Published: September 2021

Pricing strategies differ for each stage of the product life cycle. Although each stage of product life has its own peculiarities and challenges, the most difficult and challenging stage is setting prices for new products. Therefore, this was the reason which aroused our curiosity to do a research which is based on the theoretical and practical plane on this issue.
Initially, the literature of various authors who have contributed in the field of pricing policy for products and services in general was reviewed. Based on this analysis, a very good foundation has been laid to understand the role and importance of pricing for new products, and the most used pricing strategies for this category of products have described and analyzed. From the theoretical analysis, conclusions have been drawn which have served as a supporting basis of the practical part of the paper.
To make this research more thorough, we reviewed a special case study of the local manufacturing company Pestova l.l.c, which managed to launch several new products in the market of Kosovo and the Region. In this case study, the pricing strategies that this company has selected for the products launched in the market were analyzed.
Finally, the conclusions that have emerged as a result of the analysis and the literature review and the concrete data obtained from the case study for the company Pestova are provided.
Role of aneuploid circulating tumor cells and CD31+ circulating tumor endothelial cells in predicting and monitoring anti‐angiogenic therapy efficacy in advanced NSCLC
Authors: Zhang Tongmei , Zhang Lina , Gao Yuan , Wang Ying , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Qunhui , Hu Fanbin , Li Jie , Tan Jinjing , Wang Daisy Dandan , Gires Olivier , Lin Peter Ping , Li Baolan 
Published: August 2021

Prognosticating the efficacy of anti‐angiogenic therapy through longitudinal monitoring and early detection of treatment resistance in cancer patients remain highly challenging. In this study, co‐detection and comprehensive phenotypic and karyotypic molecular characterization of aneuploid circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) were conducted on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. Prognostic values of the cell‐based significant univariate risk factors identified by Cox regression analyses were progressively investigated. Subjects showing an increase in total post‐therapeutic platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (CD31)– CTCs and CD31+ CTECs exhibited a significantly reduced median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and overall survival. Further stratification analyses indicated that pretherapeutic patients bearing vimentin (Vim)+ CTECs (mesenchymal M‐type) at baseline revealed a significantly shortened mPFS compared with patients with Vim– CTECs. Post‐therapeutic patients harboring epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)+ CTCs and CTECs (epithelial E‐type), regardless of Vim expression or not, showed a significantly reduced mPFS. Post‐therapeutic patients possessing de novo EpCAM+/Vim+ (hybrid E/M‐type) CTECs displayed the shortest mPFS. Patients harboring either pre‐ or post‐therapeutic EpCAM–/Vim– null CTECs (N‐type) exhibited a better response to therapy compared to patients harboring EpCAM+ and/or Vim+ CTECs. The presented results support the notion that baseline Vim+ CTECs and post‐therapeutic EpCAM+ CTCs and CTECs are predictive biomarkers for longitudinal monitoring of response to anti‐angiogenesis combination regimens in NSCLC patients.
Structural and functional insights into lysine acetylation of cytochrome c using mimetic point mutants
Authors: Márquez Inmaculada , Pérez‐Mejías Gonzalo , Guerra‐Castellano Alejandra , Olloqui‐Sariego José Luis , Andreu Rafael , Calvente Juan José , De la Rosa Miguel A. , Díaz‐Moreno Irene 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPost‐translational modifications frequently modulate protein functions. Lysine acetylation in particular plays a key role in interactions between respiratory cytochrome c and its metabolic partners. To date, in vivo acetylation of lysines at positions 8 and 53 has specifically been identified in mammalian cytochrome c, but little is known about the structural basis of acetylation‐induced functional changes. Here, we independently replaced these two residues in recombinant human cytochrome c with glutamine to mimic lysine acetylation and then characterized the structure and function of the resulting K8Q and K53Q mutants. We found that the physicochemical features were mostly unchanged in the two acetyl‐mimetic mutants, but their thermal stability was significantly altered. NMR chemical shift perturbations of the backbone amide resonances revealed local structural changes, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer in mutants immobilized on gold electrodes showed an increase in both protein dynamics and solvent involvement in the redox process. We also observed that the K8Q (but not the K53Q) mutation slightly increased the binding affinity of cytochrome c to its physiological electron donor, cytochrome c1—which is a component of mitochondrial complex III, or cytochrome bc1—thus suggesting that Lys8 (but not Lys53) is located in the interaction area. Finally, the K8Q and K53Q mutants exhibited reduced efficiency as electron donors to complex IV, or cytochrome c oxidase.
Elucidating biofilm diversity on water lily leaves through 16S rRNA amplicon analysis: Comparison of four DNA extraction kits
Authors: Janssen Kathrin , Low Shook Ling , Wang Yan , Mu Qi‐Yong , Bierbaum Gabriele , Gee Carole T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseWithin a broader study on leaf fossilization in freshwater environments, a long‐term study on the development and microbiome composition of biofilms on the foliage of aquatic plants has been initiated to understand how microbes and biofilms contribute to leaf decay and preservation. Here, water lily leaves are employed as a study model to investigate the relationship between bacterial microbiomes, biodegradation, and fossilization. We compare four DNA extraction kits to reduce biases in interpretation and to identify the most suitable kit for the extraction of DNA from bacteria associated with biofilms on decaying water lily leaves for 16S rRNA amplicon analysis.MethodsWe extracted surface‐associated DNA from Nymphaea leaves in early stages of decay at two water depth levels using four commercially available kits to identify the most suitable protocol for bacterial extraction, applying a mock microbial community standard to enable a reliable comparison of the kits.ResultsKit 4, the FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil, resulted in high DNA concentrations with better quality and yielded the most accurate depiction of the mock community. Comparison of the leaves at two water depths showed no significant differences in community composition.DiscussionThe success of Kit 4 may be attributed to its use of bead beating with a homogenizer, which was more efficient in the lysis of Gram‐positive bacteria than the manual vortexing protocols used by the other kits. Our results show that microbial composition on leaves during early decay remains comparable and may change only in later stages of decomposition.
Cobalt Carbonyls Stabilized by N,P‐Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Property for Ethylene Oxide Hydroalkoxycarbonylation
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Wu Peng , Lai Enyi , Li Jiancheng , Chen Yilin , Jiang Wenjun , Wang Binju , Zhu Hongping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReactions of N,P‐Ligands as Ph2P(o‐NMe2C6H4) (1L), 2,6‐iPr2C6H3NHC(Ph)=NC6H4(o‐PPh2) (2L), and Ph2PN(R)PPh2 (R=iPr (3L), cyclo‐C6H11 (4L), tBu (5L), CH2C4H7O (6L)) each with dicobalt octacarbonyl produced complexes [1LCo(CO)3]2 (1), [2LCo(CO)(μ‐CO)2Co(CO)3] (2), [3LCo(CO)3]+[Co(CO)4]− (3), [3LCo(CO)2]2 (4), [4LCo(CO)2]2 (5), [5LCo(CO)2]+[Co(CO)4]− (6), and [6LCo(CO)2]+[Co(CO)4]− (7). Complexes 1–7 have all been structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography, IR and NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Catalytic tests on transformation of ethylene oxide (EO), CO and MeOH into methyl 3‐hydroxypropionate (3‐HMP) indicate that complexes 1–7 are active, where ion‐pair complexes 3 and 6–7 behave more excellently (by achieving 88.4–93.6% 3‐HMP yields) than the neutral species 1–2 and 4–5 (35.0–46.5% 3‐HMP yields) when the reactions are all operated at 2 MPa CO pressure and 50 °C in MeOH solvent. Density functional theory (DFT) study by selecting 3 as a model suggests a cooperative catalytic reaction mechanism by [Co(CO)4]− and its counter cation [3LCo(CO)3]+. The cobalt‐homonuclear ion‐pair catalyzed hydroalkoxycarbonylation of EO is present herein.
Erneuerung einer festen Fahrbahn der Bahn unter Verwendung von UHFB – weltweit erstmaliger Einsatz von UHFB im Gleisbau – Teil 1: Bericht über Technologie, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Baumanagement
Authors: Hochuli Antonina , Trouillet Jean‐Georges , Brühwiler Eugen , Schulz Olaf , Hoffmann Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDieser Aufsatz in zwei Teilen berichtet über die Instandsetzung und Anpassung der festen Fahrbahn im stark frequentierten unterirdischen Bahnhof Zürich Flughafen. Die 1980 eingebaute feste Fahrbahn hatte die vom Systemanbieter vorausgesagte Nutzungsdauer erreicht und wies Schäden auf. Damit die Bahnsteige die Vorgaben des Behindertengleichstellungsgesetzes (BehiG) erfüllen, musste außerdem die Gleisgeometrie abschnittweise durch eine Absenkung angepasst werden. Aus diesem Grund war ein einfacher Austausch der Schwellenblöcke nicht möglich und eine Sonderlösung erforderlich. Mit der Anwendung des ultrahochleistungsfähigen zementgebundenen Faserverbundbaustoffs UHFB wurde eine nachhaltige und wirtschaftliche Lösung für ein Projekt gefunden, bei dem eine traditionelle Lösung zeit‐ und kostenaufwendig gewesen wäre. Außerdem wurde im Rahmen dieses Projekts festgestellt, dass die Anwendung des UHFB mit deutlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften die Nutzungsdauer der festen Fahrbahn erhöht. Mit dem Einsatz von UHFB wird die Nutzungsdauer der festen Fahrbahn gleich derjenigen der gesamten Bahnhofanlage, was die Wirtschaftlichkeit weiter verbessert. Der erste Teil dieses Aufsatzes berichtet über die Planungsarbeiten in früheren Projektphasen und die Bauvorgänge während der Ausführung. Es werden außerdem die Hintergründe erläutert, die zur Anwendung von UHFB geführt haben, und die Ergebnisse der erfolgreichen Anwendung dieses Baustoffs für feste Fahrbahnen der Eisenbahn sowie das weitere Optimierungspotenzial aufgezeigt.
Low vitamin D levels and the long‐term functional outcome of stroke up to 5 years
Authors: Zeng Ya‐Ying , Yuan Cheng‐Xiang , Wu Meng‐Xuan , Cheng Lin , Zhou Sheng‐Nan , Hu Ping‐lang , Fan Kai‐Li , Tang Wen‐Jie , He Jin‐Cai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious studies have established that vitamin D was associated with stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and 5‐year outcome of patients with stroke including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) stroke.MethodsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were prospectively analyzed in patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2015. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate their 5‐year functional outcome, and univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the effects of vitamin D on stroke outcome.ResultsIn total, 668 patients diagnosed with stroke were recruited, and 420 completed the 5‐year follow‐up. Ninety‐five patients experienced poor outcome in the 5 years since stroke onset. Vitamin D levels in patients with poor outcome showed significant differences compared to good outcome patients (p < .001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, after adjusting the potential confounders, the 5‐year functional outcome was significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Stroke patients with vitamin D levels less than 38.4 nmol/L had a higher risk for poor outcome compared with those with vitamin D level over 71.4 nmol/L at 5‐year (odds ratio [OR] = 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–9.45, p = .007), which was consistent with AIS patients (OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 1.89–21.44, p = .003).ConclusionVitamin D level less than 38.4 nmol/L at admission is a potential risk biomarker for poor functional outcome at 5‐year prognosis in AIS patients, which might provide new ideas for the prognostic assessment of stroke.
A preliminary investigation of high retinoic acid exposure during fetal development on behavioral competency and litter characteristics in newborn rats
Authors: Swann‐Thomsen Hillary E. , Mendez‐Gallardo Valerie , Kollmeyer Leah R. , Hunter Kira , Brumley Michele R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common and severe type of spina bifida in which the developing spine and neural tube fail to close during prenatal development. This typically results in a small portion of the lower spinal cord and meninges protruding from the back of the individual, accompanied by severe motor and sensory deficits. In rats, retinoic acid (RA) exposure in high doses during fetal development has been shown to induce morphologic and clinical symptoms similar to humans with MMC. The aim of the current study was to examine litter characteristics and sensorimotor function in MMC‐affected rat pups. Pregnant rats were gavage‐fed 2 ml olive oil or all‐trans RA (40, 45, 50 mg/kg) on gestational day 11. Pups underwent behavioral testing on postnatal day 2. Litter characteristics and newborn sensorimotor function varied across RA doses. Pups prenatally exposed to 45 and 50 mg/kg RA weighed significantly less than olive oil and 40 mg/kg RA pups. Litters exposed to 45 mg/kg RA suffered significantly higher mortality rates compared to other groups. Additionally, bladder function was significantly impaired in pups exposed to 40 mg/kg RA. Sensorimotor function findings demonstrated that for most behavioral assessments there was not a significant difference between control and RA‐exposed subjects. However, pups treated with 40 mg/kg RA showed increased facial wiping, suggesting a hyper‐responsiveness to sensory stimuli. Overall, the findings of the current study provide evidence for a model to examine litter characteristics and behavioral effects as well as morphology.
Causes of mortality in patients after first‐ever stroke: A retrospective population‐based study
Authors: Mosarrezaii Arash , Amiri‐Nikpour Mohammad Reza , Dindarian Sina , Rahimzadeh Samerand , Mohammadi Sedra , Mohammadi Hozan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries and it is the most common cause of disability in the adult population of Iran. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and other predisposing risk factors on mortality after stroke.MethodsWe studied 1572 patients with first‐ever stroke during a 7‐year period from January 2008 to December 2014. Patients’ medical records including demographic information, past medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing were reviewed. We analyzed the correlation of qualitative and quantitative variables with sex and mortality.ResultsOf all patients, 252 (16%) died during the hospital stay and of the remaining 1320 patients, 453 (34.3%) died during the follow‐up period. There was no significant correlation between mortality and sex (p = .508). Descriptively, the number of women was higher in all age groups except in the age group 55–64 years. No significant correlation was observed between sex and age group (p = .748). We also observed a significant association between age group and mortality (p < .001). Hypertension is the most prevalent disease in both men and women. Higher levels of creatinine, urea, fasting blood sugar, neutrophils, cholesterol, and LDL significantly increase and higher levels of lymphocytes, platelets, RBCs, hemoglobin, and triglyceride significantly decrease the mortality.ConclusionThere are no sex differences in mortality after first‐ever stroke. Elderly patients need more support and attention due to greater stroke mortality. Complete blood count, lipid profile and blood levels of urea, creatinine, and fasting blood sugar may be useful in predicting mortality after first‐ever stroke.
Web‐based vestibular rehabilitation in persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness
Authors: Eldøen Guttorm , Kvalheim Stine E. , Thesen Terje , Mygland Åse , Ljøstad Unn , Bakke Siri , Holo Marit Horsgaard , Løge Ingard , Jonsbu Egil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the study were to investigate the feasibility and preliminary outcome of a Norwegian web‐based self‐help application for vestibular rehabilitation (VR) among patients with high symptom burden of chronic dizziness fulfilling the criteria for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD).Materials and methodsThe web application consists of six weekly online sessions, with written information and video presentations. It is self‐instructive and freely available on NHI.no (https://nhi.no/for‐helsepersonell/vestibular‐rehabilitering/). Ten consecutive patients referred to a neurologic outpatient clinic for chronic dizziness were included. They signed informed consent forms and were examined at inclusion and after three months. State of health and symptom burden were recorded using Vertigo symptom score (VSS), Niigata symptom score (NPQ), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and health‐related quality of life score (EQ5D‐5L). Experiences with the program were measured using a semi‐structured interview at the end of the study.ResultsNine out of ten patients completed the program. The findings suggest that the web application was easy to use, instructive and educatable. Challenges were the load of exercises, motivation to continue training during relapses and performing the body rolling on the floor. Participants had high symptom burden (VSS mean 32.9) and long duration of symptoms in years (mean 11.5). The participants improved on average 6.9 points on the VSS score.ConclusionsThis web application for chronic dizziness appears to be feasible and may reduce symptoms in patients who have struggled with serious and long‐lasting dizziness.
Application of a simple unstructured kinetic and cost of goods models to support T‐cell therapy manufacture
Authors: Shariatzadeh Maryam , Lopes Adriana G. , Glen Katie E. , Sinclair Andrew , Thomas Rob J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManufacturing of cell therapy products requires sufficient understanding of the cell culture variables and associated mechanisms for adequate control and risk analysis. The aim of this study was to apply an unstructured ordinary differential equation‐based model for prediction of T‐cell bioprocess outcomes as a function of process input parameters. A series of models were developed to represent the growth of T‐cells as a function of time, culture volumes, cell densities, and glucose concentration using data from the Ambr®15 stirred bioreactor system. The models were sufficiently representative of the process to predict the glucose and volume provision required to maintain cell growth rate and quantitatively defined the relationship between glucose concentration, cell growth rate, and glucose utilization rate. The models demonstrated that although glucose is a limiting factor in batch supplied medium, a delivery rate of glucose at significantly less than the maximal specific consumption rate (0.05 mg 1 × 106 cell h−1) will adequately sustain cell growth due to a lower glucose Monod constant determining glucose consumption rate relative to the glucose Monod constant determining cell growth rate. The resultant volume and exchange requirements were used as inputs to an operational BioSolve cost model to suggest a cost‐effective T‐cell manufacturing process with minimum cost of goods per million cells produced and optimal volumetric productivity in a manufacturing settings. These findings highlight the potential of a simple unstructured model of T‐cell growth in a stirred tank system to provide a framework for control and optimization of bioprocesses for manufacture.