bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Basin-scale turbulence distribution in the North Pacific Ocean using CTD-attached thermistor measurements
Authors: Goto Yasutaka , Yasuda Ichiro , Nagasawa Maki , Kouketsu Shinya , Nakano Toshiya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA recently developed technique for microstructure measurement based on a fast-response thermistor mounted on a conductivity-temperature-depth equipment was used on eight cruises to obtain 438 profiles. Thus, the spatial distribution of turbulent dissipation rates across the North Pacific sea floor was illustrated, and was found out to be related to results obtained using tide-induced energy dissipation and density stratification. The observed turbulence distribution was then compared with the dissipation rate based on a high-resolution numerical ocean model with tidal forcing, and discrepancies and similarities between the observed and modelled distributions were described. The turbulence intensity from observation showed that the numerical model was overestimated, and could be refined by comparing it with the observed basin-scale dissipation rate. This new method makes turbulence observations much easier and wider, significantly improving our knowledge regarding ocean mixing.
Lipid droplet biogenesis and COX-2 pathway activation are triggered by Barrett’s esophagus and adenocarcinoma, but not esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk factors
Authors: Carrossini N. , Meireles Da Costa N. , Andrade-Barreto E. , Sousa V. P. L. , Nicolau-Neto P. , Souza-Santos P. T. , Mansur G. R. , Wernersbach L. , Bozza P. T. , Viola J. P. B. , Ribeiro Pinto Luis Felipe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive disease, presenting two main histological subtypes: adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The two EC subtypes widely differ concerning virtually all factors. ESCC development is mainly associated with tobacco and alcohol abuse, whereas obesity and chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are important risk factors not only for EAC, but also for for Barrett’s esophagus (BE), an intestinal metaplasia that precedes EAC. Obesity triggers ectopic lipid droplets (LD) accumulation in non-adipose tissues. LD are organelles involved in cell metabolism, signaling, proliferation and production of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate LD occurrence and role in EC. This study shows progressive LD levels increase along EAC development, in esophageal samples from non-obese through obese individuals, as well as BE, and EAC patients, whereas no significant changes were observed in ESCC samples, when compared to non-tumor samples. Additionally, in order to mimic BE and EAC risk factors exposure, a non-tumor esophageal cell line was incubated with oleic acid (OA) and acidified medium and/or deoxycholic acid (DCA), revealing a significant increment in LD amount as well as in COX-2 and CXCL-8 expression, and in IL-8 secretion. Further, COX-2 expression and LD amount presented a significant positive correlation and were detected co-localized in EAC, but not in ESCC, suggesting that LD may be the site for eicosanoid production in EAC. In conclusion, this study shows that obesity, and BE- and EAC-associated inflammatory stimuli result in a gradual increase of LD, that may be responsible for orchestrating inflammatory mediators’ production and/or action, thus contributing to BE and EAC genesis and progression.
A role for orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2) in primordial follicle activation
Authors: Meinsohn Marie-Charlotte , Hughes Camilla H. K. , Estienne Anthony , Saatcioglu Hatice D. , Pépin David , Duggavathi Raj , Murphy Bruce D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLiver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2) is expressed specifically in granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicles where it regulates the late stages of follicle development and ovulation. To establish its effects earlier in the trajectory of follicular development, NR5A2 was depleted from granulosa cells of murine primordial and primary follicles. Follicle populations were enumerated in neonates at postnatal day 4 (PND4) coinciding with the end of the formation of the primordial follicle pool. The frequency of primordial follicles in PND4 conditional knockout (cKO) ovaries was greater and primary follicles were substantially fewer relative to control (CON) counterparts. Ten-day in vitro culture of PND4 ovaries recapitulated in vivo findings and indicated that CON mice developed primary follicles in the ovarian medulla to a greater extent than did cKO animals. Two subsets of primordial follicles were observed in wildtype ovaries: one that expressed NR5A2 and the second in which the transcript was absent. Neither expressed the mitotic marker. KI-67, indicating their developmental quiescence. RNA sequencing on PND4 demonstrated that loss of NR5A2 induced changes in 432 transcripts, including quiescence markers, inhibitors of follicle activation, and regulators of cellular migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These experiments suggest that NR5A2 expression poises primordial follicles for entry into the developing pool.
Bulk-edge correspondence of classical diffusion phenomena
Authors: Yoshida Tsuneya , Hatsugai Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe elucidate that diffusive systems, which are widely found in nature, can be a new platform of the bulk-edge correspondence, a representative topological phenomenon. Using a discretized diffusion equation, we demonstrate the emergence of robust edge states protected by the winding number for one- and two-dimensional systems. These topological edge states can be experimentally accessible by measuring diffusive dynamics at edges. Furthermore, we discover a novel diffusion phenomenon by numerically simulating the distribution of temperatures for a honeycomb lattice system; the temperature field with wavenumber $$\pi $$
π
cannot diffuse to the bulk, which is attributed to the complete localization of the edge state.
Revisiting cosmic microwave background radiation using blackbody radiation inversion
Authors: Konar Koustav , Bose Kingshuk , Paul R. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlackbody radiation inversion is a mathematical process for the determination of probability distribution of temperature from measured radiated power spectrum. In this paper a simple and stable blackbody radiation inversion is achieved by using an analytical function with three determinable parameters for temperature distribution. This inversion technique is used to invert the blackbody radiation field of the cosmic microwave background, the remnant radiation of the hot big bang, to infer the temperature distribution of the generating medium. The salient features of this distribution are investigated and analysis of this distribution predicts the presence of distortion in the cosmic microwave background spectrum.
Predictors for development of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia in cancer patients with bone metastases determined by ordered logistic regression analysis
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Sakaguchi Koichi , Hongo Fumiya , Ishikawa Takeshi , Tabuchi Yusuke , Ukimura Osamu , Takayama Koichi , Taguchi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis retrospective study was undertaken to identify predictors for the development of hypocalcaemia even with prophylactic administration of calcium and vitamin D, and to help guide future strategies to improve the safety, efficacy, and QOL of patients receiving denosumab. Between January 2016 and February 2020, a total of 327 advanced cancer patients at our hospital who were receiving denosumab were enrolled. Variables associated with the development of hypocalcaemia were extracted from the clinical records. The level of hypocalcaemia was evaluated using CTCAE version 5. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for the development of hypocalcaemia. Optimal cut off thresholds were determined using ROC analysis. Values of P < 0.05 (2-tailed) were considered significant. 54 patients have developed hypocalcemia (≥ Grade 1). Significant factors identified included concomitant use of vonoprazan [odds ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–12.26; P = 0.030], dexamethasone (OR = 2.45, 95%CI 1.14–5.42; P = 0.022), pre-treatment levels of serum calcium (OR = 0.27, 95%CI 0.13–0.54; P < 0.001), ALP/100 (OR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07; P = 0.003), and haemoglobin (OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.68–0.93; P = 0.004). ROC curve analysis revealed that the threshold for pre-treatment levels of serum calcium was ≤ 9.3 mg/dL, ALP was ≥ 457 U/L, and haemoglobin was ≤ 10.4 g/dL. In conclusion, concomitant use of vonoprazan or dexamethasone, and pre-treatment levels of serum calcium (low), ALP (high) and haemoglobin (low) were identified as significant predictors for the development of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia.
Insulator-to-half metal transition and enhancement of structural distortions in $$\text {Lu}_2 \text {NiIrO}_6$$ double perovskite oxide via hole-doping
Authors: Nazir Safdar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing density functional theory calculations, we found that recently high-pressure synthesized double perovskite oxide $$\text {Lu}_2 \text {NiIrO}_6$$

Lu
2

NiIrO
6

exhibits ferrimagnetic (FiM) Mott-insulating state having an energy band gap of 0.20 eV which confirms the experimental observations (Feng et al. in Inorg Chem 58:397–404, 2019). Strong antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions between high-energy half-filled $$\text {Ni}^{+2}$$

Ni

+
2

-$$e_g^2\uparrow$$

e
g
2

↑

and low-energy partially filled $$\text {Ir}^{+4}\,t_{2g}^3\uparrow t_{2g}^2\downarrow$$

Ir

+
4

t

2
g

3

↑

t

2
g

2

↓

orbitals, results in a FiM spin ordering. Besides, the effect of 3d transition metal (TM = Cr, Mn, and Fe) doping with 50% concentration at Ni sites on its electronic and magnetic properties is explored. It is established that smaller size cation-doping at the B site enhances the structural distortion, which further gives strength to the FiM ordering temperature. Interestingly, our results revealed that all TM-doped structures exhibit an electronic transition from Mott-insulating to a half-metallic state with effective integral spin moments. The admixture of Ir 5d orbitals in the spin-majority channel are mainly responsible for conductivity, while the spin minority channel remains an insulator. Surprisingly, a substantial reduction and enhancement of spin moment are found on non-equivalent Ir and oxygen ions, respectively. This leads the Ir ion in a mixed-valence state of $$+4$$

+
4

and $$+5$$

+
5

in all doped systems having configurations of $$5d^5$$

5

d
5

($$t_{2g}^3\uparrow t_{2g}^2\downarrow$$

t

2
g

3

↑

t

2
g

2

↓

) and $$5d^4$$

5

d
4

($$t_{2g}^2\uparrow t_{2g}^2\downarrow$$

t

2
g

2

↑

t

2
g

2

↓

), respectively. Hence, the present work proposes that doping engineering with suitable impurity elements could be an effective way to tailor the physical properties of the materials for their technological potential utilization in advanced spin devices.
Insulin resistance is associated with poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke in non-diabetic patients
Authors: Chang Yoonkyung , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Min-Kyung , Seo Woo‐Keun , Oh Kyungmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInsulin resistance is associated with the occurrence of stroke and atherosclerotic disease. However, the relationship between insulin resistance and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in non-diabetic patients is unclear. We hypothesized that insulin resistance might affect short-term functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke in non-diabetic patients. Between May 2014 and December 2016, 1377 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled from a prospectively maintained stroke registry. After excluding patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), pre-stroke disabilities, diabetes mellitus, and patients with incomplete evaluations, 517 patients were included in the study. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was used to evaluate the degree of insulin resistance. The patients with the highest quartile of log HOMA-IR index scores were younger and had higher fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and HbA1c levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that log HOMA-IR scores were independently associated with poor prognosis after adjusting for age and sex and p < 0.1 in univariable analysis. Insulin resistance was associated with the poor functional outcome of non-diabetic stroke patients. This evidence supports treating insulin resistance in acute ischemic stroke patients with blood glucose levels within the normal range.
Physicochemical characterization and rheological properties of magnetic elastomers containing different shapes of corroded carbonyl iron particles
Authors: Burhannuddin Nurul Liyana , Nordin Nur Azmah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Aziz Siti Aishah Abdul , Kuwano Noriyuki , Jamari Siti Khumaira Mohd , Ubaidillah  
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbonyl iron particles (CIPs) is one of the key components in magnetic rubber, known as magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). Apart from the influence of their sizes and concentrations, the role of the particle’ shape is pronounced worthy of the attention for the MRE performance. However, the usage of CIPs in MRE during long-term applications may lead to corrosion effects on the embedded CIPs, which significantly affects the performance of devices or systems utilizing MRE. Hence, the distinctions between the two types of MRE embedded in different shapes of spherical and plate-like CIPs, at both conditions of non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated in terms of the field-dependent rheological properties of MRE. The plate-like shape was produced from spherical CIPs through a milling process using a rotary ball mill. Then, both shapes of CIPs individually subjected to an accelerated corrosion test in diluted hydrochloric (HCl) at different concentrations, particularly at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol.% for 30 min of immersion time. Eight samples of CIPs, including non-corroded for both CIPs shapes, were characterized in terms of a morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and magnetic properties via vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The field-dependent rheological properties of MREs were analyzed the change in the dynamic modulus behavior of MREs via rheometer. From the application perspective, this finding may be useful for the system to be considered that provide an idea to prolong the performance MRE by utilizing the different shapes of CIPs even when the material is fading.
Corticosteroid treatment has no effect on hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Albani Filippo , Fusina Federica , Granato Enza , Capotosto Cristina , Ceracchi Claudia , Gargaruti Riccardo , Santangelo Giovanni , Schiavone Luca , Taranto Maria Salvatrice , Tosati Cinzia , Vavassori Elena , Natalini Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the start of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, corticosteroid use has been the subject of debate. The available evidence is uncertain, and knowledge on the subject is evolving. The aim of our cohort study was to evaluate the association between corticosteroid therapy and hospital mortality, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 after balancing for possible confounders. One thousand four hundred forty four patients were admitted to our hospital with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, 559 patients (39%) were exposed to corticosteroids during hospital stay, 844 (61%) were not exposed to corticosteroids. In the cohort of patients exposed to corticosteroids, 171 (30.6%) died. In the cohort of patients not exposed to corticosteroids, 183 (21.7%) died (unadjusted p < 0.001). Nonetheless, exposure to corticosteroids was not associated with in-hospital mortality after balancing with overlap weight propensity score (adjusted p = 0.25). Patients in the corticosteroids cohort had a reduced risk of ICU admission (adjusted p < 0.001). Treatment with corticosteroids did not affect hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 after balancing for confounders. A possible advantage of corticosteroid therapy was to reduce Intensive Care Unit admission, which could be useful in reducing pressure on Intensive Care Units in times of limited resources, as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Internetwork connectivity of molecular networks across species of life
Authors: Mahajan Tarun , Dar Roy D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMolecular interactions are studied as independent networks in systems biology. However, molecular networks do not exist independently of each other. In a network of networks approach (called multiplex), we study the joint organization of transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. We find that TRN and PPI are non-randomly coupled across five different eukaryotic species. Gene degrees in TRN (number of downstream genes) are positively correlated with protein degrees in PPI (number of interacting protein partners). Gene–gene and protein–protein interactions in TRN and PPI, respectively, also non-randomly overlap. These design principles are conserved across the five eukaryotic species. Robustness of the TRN–PPI multiplex is dependent on this coupling. Functionally important genes and proteins, such as essential, disease-related and those interacting with pathogen proteins, are preferentially situated in important parts of the human multiplex with highly overlapping interactions. We unveil the multiplex architecture of TRN and PPI. Multiplex architecture may thus define a general framework for studying molecular networks. This approach may uncover the building blocks of the hierarchical organization of molecular interactions.
Strategically positioning cooperators can facilitate the contagion of cooperation
Authors: Yang Guoli , Cavaliere Matteo , Zhu Cheng , Perc Matjaž 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spreading of cooperation in structured population is a challenging problem which can be observed at different scales of social and biological organization. Generally, the problem is studied by evaluating the chances that few initial invading cooperators, randomly appearing in a network, can lead to the spreading of cooperation. In this paper we demonstrate that in many scenarios some cooperators are more influential than others and their initial positions can facilitate the spreading of cooperation. We investigate six different ways to add initial cooperators in a network of cheaters, based on different network-based measurements. Our research reveals that strategically positioning the initial cooperators in a population of cheaters allows to decrease the number of initial cooperators necessary to successfully seed cooperation. The strategic positioning of initial cooperators can also help to shorten the time necessary for the restoration of cooperation. The optimal ways in which the initial cooperators should be placed is, however, non-trivial in that it depends on the degree of competition, the underlying game, and the network structure. Overall, our results show that, in structured populations, few cooperators, well positioned in strategically chosen places, can spread cooperation faster and easier than a large number of cooperators that are placed badly.
Simulation of infrared spectra of trace impurities in silicon wafers based on the multiple transmission–reflection infrared method
Authors: Lu Xiaobin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe content of trace impurities, such as interstitial oxygen and substitutional carbon, in silicon is crucial in determining the mechanical and physical characteristics of silicon wafers. The traditional infrared (IR) method is adopted as a normal means to analyse their concentration at home and abroad, but there are two problems. The first problem is the poor representativeness of a single local sampling point because the impurity distribution in a solid sample is not as uniform as that in a liquid sample. The second problem is that interference fringes appear in the infrared spectra of the sample due to the thin wafer (≤ 300 μm thick). Based on this, controversial issues existed regarding the measured trace impurity concentrations between wafer manufacturers and solar cell assembly businessmen who used silicon sheets made by the former. Therefore, multiple transmission-reflection (MTR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy was proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. In the MTR setup, because light passes through different parts of the silicon chip several times, multiple sampling points make the final result more representative. Moreover, the optical path is lengthened, and the corresponding absorbance is enhanced. In addition to amplification of weak signals, the MTR-IR method can eliminate interference fringes via the integrating sphere effect of its special configuration. The signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding spectrum is considerably improved due to the aforementioned dual effects. Thus, the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection method for trace impurities in silicon chips are greatly increased. In this study, silicon wafers were placed in the MTR setup, and then, their relative properties at room temperature were investigated. The corresponding theoretical calculation and simulation of infrared spectra of silicon chips were provided. This affords an optional method for the semiconductor material industry to analyse trace impurities in their chips.
Human α-synuclein overexpression in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease leads to vascular pathology, blood brain barrier leakage and pericyte activation
Authors: Elabi Osama , Gaceb Abderahim , Carlsson Robert , Padel Thomas , Soylu-Kucharz Rana , Cortijo Irene , Li Wen , Li Jia-Yi , Paul Gesine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the formation of Lewy bodies containing aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Although PD is associated with these distinct histological changes, other pathological features such as microvascular alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration. These changes need to be investigated as they create a hostile brain microenvironment and may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. We use a human α-syn overexpression mouse model that recapitulates some of the pathological features of PD in terms of progressive aggregation of human α-syn, impaired striatal dopamine fiber density, and an age-dependent motor deficit consistent with an impaired dopamine release. We demonstrate for the first time in this model a compromised blood–brain barrier integrity and dynamic changes in vessel morphology from angiogenesis at earlier stages to vascular regression at later stages. The vascular alterations are accompanied by a pathological activation of pericytes already at an early stage without changing overall pericyte density. Our data support and further extend the occurrence of vascular pathology as an important pathophysiological aspect in PD. The model used provides a powerful tool to investigate disease-modifying factors in PD in a temporal sequence that might guide the development of new treatments.
A justification of the invariance of the speed of light by quantum theoretical considerations
Authors: Cordin Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAbstract phenomena can often be analysed in a visually clear way by thought experiments. In the present work a new thought experiment is analysed, which describes the emission of a photon by a special mechanism. The analysis leads to the finding, that there is a natural connection between the energy-time uncertainty and the Heisenberg position-momentum uncertainty principle. A deeper analysis of this thought experiment, especially with regard to a justification of the Doppler effect from the uncertainty principle, leads to the conclusion, that the speed of light is invariant. Therefore it seems reasonable to assume, that the origin of relativistic laws lies in non-relativistic quantum mechanics.