bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBCT imaging: a simple approach for optimising and evaluating concomitant imaging doses, based on patient-specific attenuation, during radiotherapy pelvis treatment
Authors: Ordóñez-Sanz Caroline , Cowen Mark , Shiravand Neda , MacDougall Niall D 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: A simple, robust method, for optimising cone-beam CT (CBCT) dose and image quality for pelvis treatment, based on patient-specific attenuation. Methods: Methods were investigated for grouping patients into four imaging categories (small [S], medium [M], large [L], extra large [XL]), based on planning-CT CTDIvol, and phantoms constructed to represent each group. CBCTs with varying kV, mA and ms honed in on the best settings, with a bladder noise of 25 HU. A patient pilot study clinically verified the new imaging settings. Results: The planning CTDIvol is a reliable method for grouping patients. Phantom measurements from the S, M and L groups show doses significantly reduced (19–83% reduction), whilst the XL group required an increase of 39%. Phantom TLD measurements showed the number of scans needed to increase rectal organ at risk (OAR) dose by 1 Gy was 143 (S group) and 50 (M group). Images were qualitatively assessed as sufficient by clinicians. Conclusion: Patient-specific CBCT modes are in use clinically with dose reductions across all modes except Pelvis XL, keeping doses ALARP and images optimal. Consideration of OAR doses controls the number of CBCTs allowed to ensure adherence to OAR tolerance. Reporting CBCT doses in “scans per Gray” allows clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the imaging schedule and concomitant doses. Advances in knowledge: Patient grouping at planning CT, using CTDIvol, allows for CBCT imaging protocols to be selected based on patient specific attenuation. Reporting OAR doses in terms of “scans per Gray” allows translation of imaging dose risk to the Oncologist.
Assessment of mask efficiency for preventing transmission of airborne illness through aerosols and water vapor
Authors: Ringer Coral N. , Engberg Rebecca J. , Carlin Kristen E. , Micheletti Kellie J. , Shankland Dianna L. , DiBlasi Robert M. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Currently the Center for Disease Control has advised the use of face coverings to prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to those who are unvaccinated. This study seeks to evaluate if cloth masks have increased efficiency with the addition of a filter material. Methods: An adult airway and test lung model were exposed to nebulized ‘coarse’ aerosol droplets (0.5-11 µm) and humidified ‘fine’ water vapor particles (0.03-0.05 µm). Aerosol was quantified based on particles deposited on the face, airway and lung model. Tracheal humidity levels characterized fine particle permeability. Both phases of testing were conducted by evaluating the following testing conditions: 1) no mask; 2) cloth mask; 3) cloth mask with Swiffer™ filter; 4) cloth mask with Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 15 filter; 4) cloth mask with PM2.5 filter 5) surgical mask and 6) N95 respirator. Results: All mask conditions provided greater filtration from coarse particles when compared to no mask (P<0.05). All cloth mask with filter combinations were better at stopping fine particles in comparison to no mask. A cloth mask without a filter and surgical mask performed similarly to no mask with fine particles (P<0.05). The cloth mask with MERV 15 filter and the surgical mask performed similarly to the N95 with course particles, while the cloth mask with Swiffer™ performed similarly to the N95 with the fine particles (P<0.05). Conclusions: Respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are spread through exposure to respiratory secretions that are aerosolized by infected individuals. The findings from this study suggest that a mask can filter these potentially infectious airborne particles.
Ethyl lactate production by reactive distillation – optimization of reaction kinetics and energy efficiency
Authors: Stipsitz Peter , Mandl Michael , Harasek Michael 
Published: July 2021

Background: Ethyl lactate is an environmentally benign solvent, which could substitute petrol-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in many applications if production costs are reduced. It is usually produced by the esterification of lactic acid with ethanol – two important chemical building blocks of biorefineries that are available at industrial scale. Reactive distillation is a promising alternative production process, which utilises process intensification to increase energy efficiency and space-time yield by enhancing the reaction kinetics. Methods: In this work, process intensification of ethyl lactate production by means of distillation was analysed with special focus on the efficient separation of water. The feedstock requirements were studied and the process was optimized regarding reaction kinetics in experiments on laboratory level. The preparation of anhydrous starting mixtures for ethyl lactate formation was tested in batch experiments and applied to reactive distillation. The simultaneous distillation was optimized to ensure that the by-product water was separated efficiently and the separation capacity was not limiting the reaction rate. Combined reactive distillation was compared to a serial setup of reactors and distillation steps. Results: It was found that an optimized serial setup can offer similar process intensification at a lower distillate rate compared to simultaneous reactive distillation. Conclusions: The serial setup is more flexible and straight-forward to regulate and scale-up. Based on the experimental results a continuous production process that uses process intensification to reach high ethyl lactate yield and purity was proposed.
Improved glycaemia during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown is sustained post-lockdown and during the “Eat Out to Help Out” Government Scheme, in adults with Type 1 diabetes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Avari Parizad , Unsworth Rebecca , Rilstone Siân , Uduku Chukwuma , Logan Karen M. , Hill Neil E. , Godsland Ian F. , Reddy Monika , Oliver Nick 
Published: July 2021

Aims
The majority of studies report that the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown did not have a detrimental effect on glycaemia. We sought to explore the impact of lockdown on glycaemia and whether this is sustained following easing of restrictions.

Methods
Retrospective, observational analysis in adults and children with type 1 diabetes attending a UK specialist centre, using real-time or intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring. Data from the following 28-day time periods were collected: (i) pre-lockdown; (ii) during lockdown; (iii) immediately after lockdown; and (iv) a month following relaxation of restrictions (coinciding with Government-subsidised restaurant food). Data were analysed for times in glycaemic ranges and are expressed as median (IQR).

Results
145 adults aged 35.5 (25.8–51.3) years with diabetes duration of 19.0 (7.0–29.0) years on multiple daily injections of insulin (60%) and continuous insulin infusion (40%) were included. In adults, % time in range (70-180mg/dL) increased during lockdown (60.2 (45.2–69.3)%) compared to pre-lockdown (56.7 (43.5–65.3)%; p<0.001). This was maintained in the post-lockdown time periods. Similarly, % time above range (>180mg/dL) reduced in lockdown compared to pre-lockdown (p = 0.01), which was sustained thereafter. In children, no significant changes to glycaemia were observed during lockdown. In multivariable analysis, a greater increase in %TIR 3.9-10mmol/L (70-180mg/dL) during lockdown was associated with higher levels of deprivation (coefficient: 4.208, 95% CI 0.588 to 7.828; p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Glycaemia in adults improved during lockdown, with people from more deprived areas most likely to benefit. This effect was sustained after easing of restrictions, with government-subsidised restaurant eating having no adverse impact on glycaemia.
The Sino-Venezuelan Relationship (1974-2020)
Authors: Reyes Vázquez Ángel 
Published: July 2021

The Sino-Venezuelan relationship can be divided into three distinct eras: the origin of the relationship (1974-1999), the golden age during Chávez presidency (1999-2013) and a declining relationship after Maduro rise to power (2014-onwards).
This paper aims to provide a historic, political, and economic overview of the bilateral relationship between 1974 and early 2020, in order to determine if the China-Venezuela link is truly based on pragmatism. Additionally, it will identify the problems the bilateral relationship has faced since 2014, as well as the factors which determine President Xi’s current support of Maduro.
Identification of a new mutation in the human xanthine dehydrogenase responsible for xanthinuria type I
Authors: Collazo Abal Cristina , Romero Santos Susana , González Mao Carmen , Pazos Lago Emilio C. , Barros Angueira Francisco , Castiñeiras Ramos Daisy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hereditary xanthinuria is a rare, autosomal and recessive disorder characterized by severe hypouricemia and increased xanthine excretion, caused by a deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO, EC: 1.17.1.4/1.17.3.2) in type I, or by a deficiency of XDH/XO and aldehyde oxidase (AOX, EC: 1.2.3.1) in type II.

Methods
We describe a novel point mutation in the XDH gene in homozygosis found in a patient with very low serum and urine levels of uric acid, together with xanthinuria. He was asymptomatic but renal calculi were discovered during imaging.

Results
Additional cases were found in his family and dietary recommendations were made in order to prevent further complications.

Conclusions
Hereditary xanthinuria is an underdiagnosed pathology, often found in a routine analysis that shows hypouricemia. It is important for Laboratory Medicine to acknowledge how to guide clinicians in the diagnosis.
Unconditional Basic Income and State as an Employer of Last Resort: A Reply to Alan Thomas
Authors: Merrill Roberto , Neves Catarina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a larger context of an egalitarian project which aims to reformulate capitalism a job guarantee program in the form of a State as an Employer of Last Resort (SELR) is considered superior to Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) by many, namely Alan Thomas. This article claims that most of the arguments used to assert the superiority of SELR fail their objective, for the following reasons: first, SELR falls short in its reformulation of capitalism because neither SELR nor UBI alone can euthanize the rentier class. Second, most accounts are based on a flawed assumption that UBI leads to rampage inflation. Third, if macroeconomic considerations are not enough to justify implementing SELR over UBI, then insisting on the superiority of SELR can only stem from two types of moral reasons: on one hand from a perfectionist view of empowering the worst-off through labor and on the other from demands and obligations of reciprocity. We argue that these two moral-based reasons fall short of providing a justification for the superiority of SELR over UBI. We conclude our paper defending the possibility of conciliating the two policies.
Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid
Authors: Ying Xiaoguang , He Jieyuan , Li Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.
The effect of raw dehydrated potato flour on the rheological properties of dough and nutritional quality of chiffon cakes
Authors: Zhao Yuci , Zhou Xiaoping , Lei Chunni , Shang Yan , Xu Dan , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, chiffon cakes were fortified with potato flakes and raw dehydrated potato flour (RDPF) prepared by freeze-drying and hot air drying. The dough’s rheological properties demonstrate that potato flakes are unsuitable for making chiffon cakes, especially at percentages of 30 and 50%. Adding RDPFs decreased the dough height and adhesiveness but increased the hardness slightly compared with the control. Supplementing with potato flakes has the most influence on cake textural properties, especially at percentages of 30 and 50%, which correspondingly reduces the sensory evaluation score. All the RDPF cake formulations exhibited higher comprehensive nutritional value in terms of protein, fat, dietary fiber, minerals, and amino acids. The cake formulations containing RDPF obtained by hot air drying contained the lowest carbohydrate contents.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of (2E,4Z,13E,15Z)-3,5,14,16-tetramethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosa-1(22),2,4,7,9,11,13,15,18,20-decaene, C22H24N4
Authors: Dey Lucky , Rabi Saswata , Begum Zinnat A. , Takase Tsugiko , Rahman Ismail M. M. , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Roy Tapashi Ghosh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C22H24N4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.217(4) Å, b = 9.774(4) Å, c = 10.843(4) Å, α = 96.770(2)°, β = 101.791(5)°, γ = 105.873(3)°, V = 903.9(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0391, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1069, T = 93(2) K.
Snow samples from settlements of the Murmansk region-genotoxic effects in Drosophila germ cells
Authors: Nikitina Tatyana A. , Smirnova Maria V. , Ingiri Andrey A. , Sandimirov Sergey S. , Elizarova Irina R. , Kudryavtseva Liubov P. , Petrashova Dina A. , Yurtseva Nadezhda A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster organism is highly sensitive Biotester to mutagens or mutagenic carcinogens and can reveal mutations in both somatic and germ cells. The results of assessing the genotoxicity of snow samples from different inhabiled localities of Murmansk region – a region of with increased anthropogenic load – are shown in the article. In addition to the detection of genotoxic effects in different settlements, a highly significant correlation with the content of a number of metal ions in the samples, which makes the obtained results especially relevant.
On the homology groups $H_k(\mathbb{C}\Omega_n)$, $k=1, ..., n$
Authors: Pasko A.M. 
Published: July 2021

In the paper the homology groups of the $(2n+1)$-dimensional CW-complex $\mathbb{C}\Omega_n$ are investigated. The spaces $\mathbb{C}\Omega_n$ consist of complex-valued functions and generalize the widely known in the approximation theory spaces $\Omega_n$. The research of the homotopy properties of the spaces $\Omega_n$ has been started by V.I. Ruban who in 1985 found the n-dimensional homology group of the space $\Omega_n$ and in 1999 found all the cohomology groups of this space. The spaces $\mathbb{C}\Omega_n$ have been introduced by A.M. Pasko who in 2015 has built the structure of CW-complex on these spaces. This CW-structure is analogue of the CW-structure of the space $\Omega_n$ introduced by V.I. Ruban. In present paper in order to investigate the homology groups of the spaces $\mathbb{C}\Omega_n$ we calculate the relative homology groups $H_k(\mathbb{C}\Omega_n, \mathbb{C}\Omega_{n-1})$, it turned out that the groups $H_k \left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_n, \mathbb{C}\Omega_{n-1} \right )$ are trivial if $1\leq k < n$ and $H_k \left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_n, \mathbb{C}\Omega_{n-1} \right )=\mathbb{Z}^{C^{k-n}_{n+1}}$ if $n \leq k \leq 2n+1$, in particular $H_n \left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_n, \mathbb{C}\Omega_{n-1} \right )=\mathbb{Z}$. Further we consider the exact homology sequence of the pair $\left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_{n+1}, \mathbb{C}\Omega_n \right )$ and prove that its inclusion operator $i_*: H_k(\mathbb{C}\Omega_n) \rightarrow H_k(\mathbb{C}\Omega_{n+1})$ is zero. Taking into account that the relative homology groups $H_k \left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_{n+1}, \mathbb{C}\Omega_n \right )$ are zero if $1\leq k \leq n$ and the inclusion operator $i_*=0$ we have derived from the exact homology sequence of the pair $\left (\mathbb{C}\Omega_{n+1}, \mathbb{C}\Omega_n \right )$ that the homology groups $H_k \left ( \mathbb{C}\Omega_n \right ), 1\leq k<n,$ are trivial. The similar considerations made it possible to calculate the group $H_n(\mathbb{C}\Omega_n)$. So the homology groups $H_k(\mathbb{C}\Omega_n), n \geq 2, k=1,...,n,$ have been found.
Expectativa versus realidade: experiências, percepções e desempenhos discentes frente ao ensino remoto
Authors: Irala Valesca Brasil , Blass Leandro , De Oliveira Casartelli Maria Regina , Saldanha da Silva Cristiano 
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa busca descrever dois macro-construtos: a autoeficácia percebida (ao início e ao final do primeiro semestre remoto) e as expectativas (as esperadas ao início do semestre e as observadas ao final do mesmo semestre). Para tanto, foram analisados 135 estudantes que participaram de ambas as etapas de coleta de dados, em uma instituição pública brasileira de ensino superior, a partir da observação de médias e medianas e pelo Teste de Wilcoxon para grupos pareados. Também foram observadas as possíveis diferenças entre estudantes ingressantes e veteranos em termos de desempenho acadêmico. Ainda, estabeleceu-se um comparativo sobre o tempo de dedicação à Internet dos alunos para atividades acadêmicas e não-acadêmicas, antes e depois da experiência remota. Os indicadores de expectativas mostraram-se com maiores diferenças do que os de autoeficácia ao longo do semestre. Ainda, o tempo de uso de internet para atividades não-acadêmicas não sofreu mudanças, mas para as atividades acadêmicas houve alteração. Também, os alunos veteranos apresentaram resultados globais mais satisfatórios do que os ingressantes, o que reforça a necessidade de maior atenção institucional a esse seguimento.
ln vitro inhibition of beta-hematin formation and in vivo effects of Diospyros mespiliformis and Mondia whitei methanol extracts on chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria in mice
Authors: Olanlokun John Oludele , Adetutu Janet Adenike , Olorunsogo Olabode Olufunso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimThis study was carried out to investigate antiplasmodial activities of Diospyros mespiliformis (DM) and Mondia whitei (MW) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.Materials and methodsAir-dried stem of DM and root of MW were soaked in methanol, decanted and concentrated to give extracts. Parts of these extracts were partitioned successively to give dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions. Mice (18 ± 3 g) were infected with Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes from a donor mouse and were treated with the extracts, while the drug control group received 10 mg/kg body weight of artesunate and the parasitized control received the vehicle (5% v/v DMSO). Percentage parasitemia and clearance were estimated from thin films of blood smear. Hematological parameters were determined using standard methods. Both extracts were also tested on in vitro inhibition of β-hematin formation.Results, discussion and conclusionResults showed that DM had the least percentage parasitemia (0.67%) and highest percentage parasite clearance (84.7%) while the MW had 0.89% percentage parasitemia and 79.7% clearance at the highest dose used after the seventh day relative to untreated control. The cell free antiplasmodial activity of the fractions and extracts of both DM and MW revealed that DM significantly inhibited β-hematin formation than MW. The packed cell volume, white blood cell count, Lymphocyte, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Neutrophil significantly increased in the treated groups compared with the control. The results showed that the DM had higher antiplasmodial activity.
Jovanović, Željko (2020): Twentieth-Century Sephardic Authors from the Former Yugoslavia. A Judeo-Spanish Tradition, Cambridge, Legenda (Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Cultures, 41), 208 pp.
Authors: Alonso Miguel Álvaro 
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Jovanović, Željko (2020): Twentieth-Century Sephardic Authors from the Former Yugoslavia. A Judeo-Spanish Tradition, Cambridge, Legenda (Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Cultures, 41), 208 pp.
A Ground-Motion Model for the Gulf Coast Region of the United States
Authors: Pezeshk Shahram , Zandieh Arash , Haji-Soltani Alireza 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this study, the hybrid empirical method (HEM) was used to develop a new ground-motion model (GMM) for the Gulf Coast of the United States. We used five new empirical GMMs developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center for the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 project to estimate ground-motion intensity measures (GMIMs) in the host region. The new GMM is derived for the horizontal peak ground acceleration and response-spectral ordinates at periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 s, moment magnitudes ranging from M 3.5 to 8.0, and rupture distance (RRUP) as far as 1000 km from the site, although the GMMs are the best constrained for RRUP&lt;300–400  km. The predicted GMIMs are for a reference site defined as the Gulf Coast region hard rock with VS30=3000  m/s and κ0=0.006  s, in which VS30 is the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of the site profile, and κ0 is the total attenuation of the ground motion as it propagates through the site profile. Seismological parameters used to derive the GMIM stochastic estimates in the Gulf Coast target region are adopted from the most recent research and published information for the region. The seismological parameters for the western North America host region are adopted from Zandieh et al. (2017). The proposed GMM is compared with the Pezeshk et al. (2018) model, which is also a HEM approach, and was developed for central North America and excluded the Gulf Coast region to show the differences between the regions.
Quantitative methods for assessing the microstructure of steel and alloys for revising outdated GOST standards
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Kiselev D. V. , Kazakova E. A. 
Published: July 2021

The current state of GOST, which regulates the quality of the structure of steels and alloys, has significantly lagged behind the progress in the compositions and technologies for obtaining modern steels and alloys. Using the example of microstructural banding of steel, it is shown how to overcome this gap and bring the methodology developed in Russia to the level of interstate GOST.Other problems of quantitative evaluation of structural components of steels and alloys that can become the basis of industry, national and interstate standards are considered: microstructural heterogeneity of sheet metal; non-metallic inclusions in steel, including automation of GOST 1778-70, evaluation methods using the ASTM E1245 methodology and statistics of extreme values, as well as automatic particle analysis; central axial inhomogeneity of a slab; liquation strip in sheet metal; the proportion of coarse bainite blocks used to describe the properties of modern pipe steels; the structure of joints after multi-pass welding; the metallurgical quality of heat-resistant nickel alloys; the structure of alloys treated in a semi-solid state; the structure of pre-eutectic silumins; non-metallic inclusions in aluminum alloys (PoDFA method); the structure of high-strength cast iron; grain size distribution.