bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Hole Transporting Layer for Efficient Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Yanliang , Zhang Luozheng , Chen Shi , Liu Chang , Li Yaru , Wu Jiawen , Wang Deng , Jiang Zhengyan , Li Yan , Li Yang , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn optimized charge transporting layer (CTL) under perovskite film is crucial for efficient photoelectric devices. Here, a new water‐soluble conjugated polyeletrolyte (CPE) with CH3NH3+ (MA+) counterion termed as TB(MA) is used as the hole transporting layer (HTL) instead of the acidic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in sky‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The inherent hydrophilicity of CPE enables a well‐growth of quasi‐2D perovskite layer with uniform and compact morphology, enhanced crystallinity with rare defect density and excellent energy transfer, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 62.0%. Especially, the MA+ counterion is able to passivate the interfacial defects in the perovskite, which optimize the interfacial compatibility between HTL and perovskite film. Finally, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs, emitting at 488 nm, are fabricated with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 13.5% by using CPE as HTL. In addition, due to the low‐temperature processability of water‐soluble CPE, an efficient flexible sky‐blue PeLEDs based on PEN/ITO substrate is also obtained with high EQE of 8.3%. Using CPE as HTL is an effective strategy toward fabricating efficient blue PeLEDs.
Nanoscaled and Atomic Ruthenium Electrocatalysts Confined Inside Super‐Hydrophilic Carbon Nanofibers for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xie Qianjie , Wang Zheng , Lin Like , Shu Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Li Cong , Shen Yehua , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of Ru‐based catalysts have been developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by the facile impregnation of copious and eco‐friendly bacterial cellulose (BC) with Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) followed by pyrolysis. After the oxidation and molecular recomposition processes that occur within the BC precursors during pyrolysis, sub‐2 nm Ru nanoparticles (NPs) and atomic Ru species confined within surface‐oxidized N‐doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be observed in the derived catalysts. The surface oxidation of CNFs leads the derived catalysts with super hydrophilicity and water‐absorbing capacity, and also provides dimensional confinement for the nanoscaled and atomic Ru species. With these added structural advantages and the component synergy, the derived catalysts show superior HER activities, for which the overpotentials are as low as 19.6 mV (1 m KOH) and 55.0 mV (0.5 m H2SO4) for the most active case at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, superior HER activity can be also achieved for the catalysts derived with a wide range of Ru loadings. Finally, the influence of Ru NP size on HER activity is investigated by density functional theory simulations. This method provides a reliable protocol for preparing highly active HER catalysts for scale‐up applications.
Construction of Lattice Strain in Bimetallic Nanostructures and Its Effectiveness in Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Li Can , Yan Shaohui , Fang Jiye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBimetallic nanocrystals (NCs), associated with various surface functions such as ligand effect, ensemble effect, and strain effect, exhibit superior electrocatalytic properties. The stress‐induced surface strain effect can alter binding strength between the surface active sites and reactants as well as their intermediates, and the electrochemical performance of bimetallic NCs can be significantly facilitated by the lattice‐strain modification via their morphologies, sizes, shell‐thickness, surface defectiveness as well as compositions. In this review, an overview of fundamental principles, characterization techniques, and quantitative determination of the surface lattice strain is provided. Various strategies and synthesis efforts on creating lattice‐strain‐engineered bimetallic NCs, including the de‐alloying process, atomic layer‐by‐layer deposition, thermal treatment evolution, one‐pot synthesis, and other efforts are also discussed. It is further outlined how the lattice strain effect promotes electrochemical catalysis through the selected case studies. The reactions on oxygen reduction reaction, small molecular oxidation, water splitting reaction, and electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reactions are focused. In particular, studies of lattice strain arisen from core–shell nanostructure and defectiveness are highlighted. Lastly, the potential challenges are summarized and the prospects of lattice‐strain‐based engineering on bimetallic nanocatalysts with suggestion and guidance of the future electrocatalyst design are envisioned.
Redox Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Status and Burning Issues
Authors: Lord Megan S. , Berret Jean Francois , Singh Sanjay , Vinu Ajayan , Karakoti Ajay S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch on cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) has captivated the scientific community due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as redox activity and oxygen buffering capacity, which made them available for many technical applications, including biomedical applications. The redox mimetic antioxidant properties of nanoceria have been effective in the treatment of many diseases caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. The mechanism of ROS scavenging activity of nanoceria is still elusive, and its redox activity is controversial due to mixed reports in the literature showing pro‐oxidant and antioxidant activity. In light of its current research interest, it is critical to understand the behavior of nanoceria in the biological environment and provide answers to some of the critical and open issues. This review critically analyzes the status of research on the application of nanoceria to treat diseases caused by ROS. It reviews the proposed mechanism of action and shows the effect of surface coatings on its redox activity. It also discusses some of the crucial issues in deciphering the mechanism and redox activity of nanoceria and suggests areas of future research.
Kinetics of Ion Migration in the Electric Field‐Driven Manipulation of Magnetic Anisotropy of Pt/Co/Oxide Multilayers
Authors: Fassatoui Aymen , Ranno Laurent , PeñaGarcia Jose , Balan Cristina , Vogel Jan , Béa Hélène , Pizzini Stefania 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagneto‐ionics is a fast developing research field which opens the perspective of energy efficient magnetic devices, where the magnetization direction is controlled by an electric field which drives the migration of ionic species. In this work, the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Pt/Co/oxide stacks covered by ZrO2, acting as a ionic conductor, is tuned by a gate voltage at room temperature. A large variation of the PMA is obtained by modifying the oxidation of the cobalt layer through the migration of oxygen ions: the easy magnetization axis can be switched reversibly from in‐plane, with under‐oxidized Co, to in‐plane, with over‐oxidized Co, passing through an out‐of‐plane magnetization state. The switching time between the different magnetic states is limited by the ion drift velocity. This depends exponentially on the gate voltage, and is varied by over five orders of magnitude, from several minutes to a few ms. The variation of the PMA versus time during the application of the gate voltage can be modeled with a parabolic variation of the PMA and an exponential decrease of the Co oxidation rate. The possibility to explain the observed effect with a simple theoretical model opens the possibility to engineer materials with optimized properties.
Mechanical Robust Flexible Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Chengcheng , Jiang Xudong , Zhu Qinglian , Wang Dan , Xiao Chengyi , Liu Chunhui , Ma Wei , Chen Qiaomei , Li Weiwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to the advantages of being lightweight and compatible with surfaces with different deformations, flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) have broad scopes of applications, including wearable electronics and portable devices. Most flexible OSCs focus on the two‐component bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) photo‐active layers, but they usually suffer from degradation problems both in efficiency and mechanical durability derived from the limited phase stability under mechanical and thermal stress. Whereas, single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on the double‐cable conjugated polymer are supposed to possess excellent mechanical robustness and long‐term stability. Here, the first flexible SCOSCs based on a double‐cable polymer are fabricated on a transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrode on a plastic foil. Impressively, the obtained flexible SCOSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.21%. The flexible SCOSCs are further demonstrated to possess superior mechanical robustness (>95% retention after 1000 bending cycles) and storage stability (>97% retention after 430 h in nitrogen atmosphere) compared to several BHJ‐type flexible OSCs. The pseudo‐free‐standing tensile test and morphology investigation are conducted to reveal the distinction in mechanical durability of the single‐component polymer film and the BHJ‐type films. Besides, ultraflexible SCOSCs are also fabricated, indicating the application prospect and superiority in flexible devices and wearable electronic products.
Basalt‐polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete for durable and sustainable pipe production. Part 2: Numerical and parametric analysis
Authors: Deng Zhiyun , Liu Xinrong , Chen Peng , de la Fuente Albert , Zhao Yahong , Liang Ninghui , Zhou Xiaohan , Du Libing , Han Yafeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA nonlinear 3D FEM was developed for reproducing the three‐edge bearing test (TEBT) of pipes. The model was validated by considering the experimental results on standard reinforced concrete pipes (RCPs) and fiber‐reinforced concrete pipes (FRCPs) with 1000 mm internal diameter presented in the Part 1. The relative error between numerical simulation and laboratory test results for both the service (D0.3) and the ultimate (Du) D‐load (DL) were lesser than 2.1% and 6.3%, respectively. Additionally, a new structural design process that takes into consideration the geometric and mechanical variables involved into the TEBT of pipes, including the type and reinforcement configuration, is proposed. Because of applying this approach, design‐oriented tables with minimum steel‐cage reinforcement ratios for RCPs and FRCPs valid for pipes with inner diameters ranging from 300 mm to 1800 mm are established for the pipe strength classes I to V and wall thickness A, B, and C defined in the ASTM C76. Based on the numerical results, it can be confirmed that the hybrid use of basalt‐polypropylene fibers permits to reduce the steel reinforcement ratio respect to the equivalent RCP and, for some diameters and strength classes, the total elimination. These results represent a step forward in the use of fiber reinforced concrete in the pipe industry, which can lead to more durable and sustainable piping products.
Teaching science to transgress: Portraits of feminist praxis
Authors: Tolbert Sara , Gray Salina , Rivera Marelis , Schindel Alexa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing from intersectional feminist scholarship, we communicate how Salina and Marelis, both women of color, teach science for social justice in the face of significant institutional challenges. Theorizing from their experiences and practices, we articulate a feminist praxis for school science, which includes (1) building community and collectivist orientations, (2) cultivating joy from/within the margins, (3) naming and dismantling inequities, and (4) repositioning students—practices that have profound implications for improving the school science experiences of underrepresented students in science, including girls of color and other marginalized students. Finally, we highlight the ways in which women of color negotiate, repurpose, and transform institutional and disciplinary barriers to reimagine the world(s) of school science.
Kampo medicine prescriptions for hospitalized patients in Tohoku University Hospital
Authors: Sugimine Ryo , Kikukawa Yuna , Kurihara Daisuke , Arita Ryutaro , Takayama Shin , Kikuchi Akiko , Ohsawa Minoru , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAimTraditional Japanese medicine (Kampo medicine; KM) is widely used together with modern medicine in clinical settings. However, KM prescription trends during hospitalization has never been reported for Japanese university hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the KM prescription trends for hospitalized patients at a university hospital in Japan. The present study was conducted in a ‘Problem‐based Learning’ workshop in a second‐grade class at the Tohoku University School of Medicine.MethodsUsing the drug prescription data of Tohoku University Hospital between October 2017 and September 2018, we identified hospitalized patients who were prescribed KM, which included 17 formulations. We investigated the prescription trends, sex, and age distribution of patients, and diseases for which KMs were prescribed.ResultsOf the 19 249 patients, 1229 patients (6.4%) were newly prescribed KM during admission. The average age was 60.2 ± 18.8 years, and female patients accounted for 51.4%. The most prescribed KM was daikenchuto (485 patients), mainly for post‐operative patients in the surgical departments and psychosomatic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in the psychiatric departments. Yokukansan was used for dementia patients in the geriatric medicine department and for delirium patients in the intensive care unit. Rikkunshito was administered to patients after gastric cancer surgery and to patients with anorexia nervosa. Daikenchuto and shakuyakukanzoto were more frequently prescribed to men, and goreisan and goshajinkigan were more frequently prescribed to women.ConclusionKampo Medicines were prescribed for specific diseases or conditions at various inpatient departments in the university hospital.
Usefulness of hangekobokuto (Banxia‐houpo‐tang) to treat panic disorder in patients with bipolar disorder: A case report
Authors: Nakajima‐Ohyama Kakusho Chigusa , Shizusawa Yoshie , Tanimukai Hitoshi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCaseA woman in her early 40s with bipolar disorder had panic disorder. She had to avoid selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the standard medication for panic disorder, which could cause a switch to mania in bipolar disorder.OutcomeThe attacks decreased without a switch to mania after she started taking hangekobokuto (banxia‐houpo‐tang). Hangekobokuto is reported to increase serotonin in the brain. According to another report, hangekobokuto reduced c‐fos expression, a marker of neuronal activity in the hippocampus only in the animal model of depression, while SSRIs reduced it in both depressive and control animals. This suggests that, unlike SSRIs, hangekobokuto may not have unnecessary effects which might induce elated mood in non‐depressive cases. Therefore, hangekobokuto might be safer than SSRIs for non‐depressive biplolar patients like this patient.ConclusionHangekobokuto could be one of the options to treat panic disorder in patients with bipolar disorder, although further study is necessary.
Two cases (a cat and a dog) illustrating computed tomographic features distinguishing an accessory lung lobe mass from a caudal mediastinal origin
Authors: Kormpou Foteini , Taeymans Olivier , Esmieu Shanti Lucie , Ribas Ariadna , Caine Abby 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA seven‐year‐old female Chinchilla cat and a 13‐year‐old male Cocker Spaniel were presented to Dick White Referrals for respiratory difficulties and cough, respectively. Based on radiographic and CT findings, including the midline location of the lesion and its mass effect on mediastinal structures, a caudodorsal mediastinal mass was considered more likely than a pulmonary origin in both cases. However, further investigations in the form of thoracic ultrasound and ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates in the first case and histopathology in the second, revealed the presence of an accessory lobe pulmonary carcinoma in both cases. Retrospective review of these cases allowed identification of CT features that can be used to distinguish mediastinal and accessory lung lobe masses in future cases, including absence of part or all of the accessory lobe and its lobar bronchus, presence of gas in the lesion and the shape of the lesion mimicking a lung lobe.
Accuracy of heart girth tapes in the estimation of weights of pre‐weaned calves
Authors: Sherwin Virginia , Hyde Robert , Green Martin , Remnant John , Payne Emily , Down Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeart girth tapes (HGTs) are often used as an alternative to weight scales for calves. This study investigated the accuracy of HGT in estimating bodyweight and daily liveweight gain (DWLG) of pre‐weaned calves, and the impact of inter‐observer variation.MethodIn Study 1, 119 calves were weighed using HGT and electronic scales on multiple occasions. Mixed‐effects models for both bodyweight and DLWG were used to determine the accuracy of HGT compared to the electronic scales. Simulation data were used to further analyse the accuracy of DLWG estimation including for factors such as the effect of group size on group DLWG estimates.In Study 2, 10 observers weighed 20 pre‐weaned calves, using HGT and electronic scales. Mixed‐effect model was used to investigate the impact of different observers on the accuracy of HGT on measuring bodyweights.ResultsMixed‐effects model results suggest HGT provides a relatively accurate estimation of weight (MAE: 2.66 kg) and relatively inaccurate estimation of DLWG (MAE 0.10 kg/d). Simulated data identified associations between time between weight dates and error in DLWG estimation, with MAE of individual DLWG estimation decreasing from 0.43 kg/d when 14 days apart to 0.08 kg/d when 70 days apart. Increased calf numbers reduced error rates of group DLWG estimation, with <0.05 kg/d error achieved in >90% of simulations when 12 calves were weighed 70 days apart.ConclusionsHGTs are relatively accurate at estimating individual bodyweights but are unreliable methods for measuring DLWG in individual calves, particularly weighed within a short‐time period. Estimates at group level however are relatively accurate, providing there is a suitable period of time between weigh dates and an appropriate number of calves per group.
«Permanente Intervention» in der Praxis: Iran als Klientelstaat der USA im Kalten Krieg, 1953-1960
Authors: Popp Roland 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer entscheidend durch anglo-amerikanisches Eingreifen ermöglichte Machtwechsel in Iran von Mosaddeġ zu Zāhedi erschien anfangs nicht als ein historischer Wendepunkt. Eine Einschätzung von NEA im State Department warnte unmittelbar nach dem Staatsstreich vor allzu großen Erwartungen. In Iran sei weiterhin eine „Revolution“ im Gange, die Teil der allgemein zu beobachtenden „Welle des Nationalismus“ sei, die die neuen Staaten in Asien ergriffen habe.
Transformation und monarchische Prärogative: Der Niedergang des amerikanischen Reformismus, 1962-1963
Authors: Popp Roland 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNoch im Oktober 1961 konnte man den Eindruck gewinnen, dass die amerikanische Entschlossenheit, das „Amini-Experiment“ in Iran zu einem erfolgreichen Ende zu führen, ungebrochen ist. Im Anschluss an die anglo-amerikanische Intervention zugunsten der Reformregierung schien tatsächlich ein neues, einigen Optimismus rechtfertigendes Verhältnis zwischen Ministerpräsident Amini und Mohammad Rezā entstanden zu sein. Chester Bowles stattete in seiner neuen Rolle als Sonderbeauftragter des Präsidenten für die Dritte Welt im Februar 1962 Teheran einen Besuch ab, der in erster Linie das fortgesetzte Interesse der Administration an Iran dokumentieren sollte.
«An Unconditional Ally»: Die Etablierung Irans als Stellvertreter westlicher Interessen in der Nahostregion, 1967-1975
Authors: Popp Roland 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIm August 1968 nahm Botschafter Armin Meyer an einer Gedenkfeier zum 15. Jahrestag des 28. Mordād, des Sturzes des ehemaligen Ministerpräsidenten Mosaddeġ und der Rückkehr Mohammad Rezās auf den Thron, ausgerichtet von der Tāǧ-o-l-Moluk, der Mutter des Schahs, teil. Meyer registrierte die Abwesenheit der wichtigsten Akteure der Begebenheiten von 1953 trotz einer Gästezahl von einigen Hundert. Statt der damaligen Protagonisten dominierten jetzt servile Staatsbeamte und die unausweichliche Jeunesse dorée Teherans die Veranstaltung. Es sei eine heitere Feier mit spektakulärem Feuerwerk gewesen, berichtete der Botschafter: „But few had a clue as to what was being celebrated.“
Ultraviolet behaviour of Higgs inflation models
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Guillen Anthony , Tamvakis Kyriakos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the ultraviolet behaviour of Higgs inflation models above the apparent unitarity violation scale arising from the large non minimal coupling to gravity, by computing on-shell 4-point scattering amplitudes in the presence of a large inflaton background, away from the electroweak vacuum. We find that all tree-level amplitudes are well behaved at high energies below the inflaton background that can thus take values up to the Planck scale. This result holds in both the metric and Palatini formulation, and is independent of the frame (Jordan or Einstein) as expected. The same result also holds if an R2 term is added to the action.
Automorphism Groups of Symmetric and Pseudo-real Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Tyszkowska Ewa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe category of smooth, irreducible, projective, complex algebraic curves is equivalent to the category of compact Riemann surfaces. We study automorphism groups of Riemann surfaces which are equivalent to complex algebraic curves with real moduli. A complex algebraic curve C has real moduli when the corresponding surface $$X_C$$

X
C

admits an anti-conformal automorphism. If no such an automorphism is an involution (symmetry), then the surface $$X_C$$

X
C

is called pseudo-real and the curve C is isomorphic to its conjugate, but is not definable over reals. Otherwise, the surface $$X_C$$

X
C

is called symmetric and the curve C is real.