bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
КӨЛІКТІК ТЕХНИКА ТРАНСМИССИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТТЕРІНІҢ ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІ
Authors: Калиев Ербол Батырханович , Қозбағаров Рүстем Ашимович , Жуманов Мерген Амирович , Мадина Рамазан Серікұлы 
Published: September 2021

Мақалада көліктік техниканың, оның ішінде автомобильдің трансмиссиясының құрылысымен таныстыра келе, автомобильді пайдалану барысында, оның трансмиссиясы әр-түрлі соққылар мен жүктемелерді қабылдап, оның бөлшектерінің қатты белгілі бір температураға дейін қызып, тозуының удеуі мен басқа да зиянды әсерлері жөнінде айтылған.
Көліктік техника трансмиссиясының істен шығу cебептерін айта келе, оның әр-бір бөлшектері төзімділігінің пайыздық үлесі нақтылай көрсетілген. Трансмиссия бөлшектерінің ішінде ең көп істен шығатын фрикциондық ілініс қосқыштарының бұзылу себептептеріне егжей-тегжейлі тоқталған. Әсіресе, ілініс қысқыштарының дискілері бір-бірімен үйкеліп, қызып кетуінің себептері және одан болатын зиянды әрекеттердің салдарын формула бойынша талдап, графиктер (сызбалар) арқылы көрсетілген. Сонымен бірге ілініс дискілерінің қызып кету зиянды салдарын азайту әдістері де көрсетілген.
Көліктік техниканың редукторларындағы, беріліс қораптарындағы тісті берілістерінің жұмыс жағдайлары жоғары жүктемелі және жүктеме - жылдамдық жағдайында кең диапазондарында кенет өзгерулерімен сипатталатындығына тоқтала келе, тісті іліністердің тозу қарқындығы қандай себеп факторларға байланысты өзгеретінін жақсы атап көрсеткен. Мақалада бұдан басқа тежегіш құрылғыларының төзімділігіне меншікті жүктеме, жылдамдық, іске қосудың жиілігі мен ұзақтығы үлкен әсер ететіндігі жайлы айта келе, бұл құрылғылардың төзімділігін арттыру жайлы да жақсы айтылған. Сонымен бірге басқару жетектерінің төзімділігі жөнінде де қысқаша атап көрсеткен.
ТЕРЕҢ ОҚЫТУ НЕГІЗІНДЕ НАҚТЫ УАҚЫТТА ОБЪЕКТІЛЕРДІ ТАНУ
Authors: Куандыков Абу Абдикадырович , Тасполат Еркебұлан Айдарбекұлы 
Published: September 2021

Мақалада конволюциялық нейрондық желіні (CNN) пайдалану қажеттілігінің өсуі есептеу қуаты шектеулі және жады ресурстарымен мобильді құрылғылар тиімді модельдеу бойынша зерттеулерді арттыру мәселелері қарастырылған бірқатар тиімді архитектуралар жасалды.
Олардың ішінде соңғы жылдары ұсынылған, MobileNet, ShuffleNet және MobileNetV2 архитектуралары зерттелген. Зерттеу нәтижесінде бұл модельдердің барлығы тереңдетілген оқшаулауға негізделеді, бұл көптеген терең оқу жүйелерінде тиімді іске асырылмайды деген корытынды жасалған.
Сондықтан бұл зерттеуде біз тұрақты конволюцияға тиімді жүйе ұсынылған. Содан кейін біз жүйені Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) көмегімен біріктіру арқылы нақты уақытта объектілерді анықтау жүйесін ұсынамыз.
МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА УСЛУГ СОТОВОЙ СВЯЗИ
Authors: Бахтиярова Елена Ажибековна , Оразакова Айбала Нурахметовна 
Published: September 2021

В статье представлены методы оценки качества связи путем сбора экспериментальных статистических данных (наблюдений), имитирующих использование услуг абонентами для последующей их постобработки, для оценки фактических значений показателей качества услуг связи и сравнения полученных оценок между собой. Представленный метод является дорогим и трудоёмким, но для точной оценки качества связи в стране является самым подходящим. Дается подробное изложение о требуемом числе наблюдений, которое дает точную оценку качеству предоставляемых услуг операторами связи. В статье также написаны рекомендуемые маршруты движения при сборе экспериментальных данных. В качестве услуг для оценки были выбраны голосовая связь и SMS, так как эти услуги являются более ранними.
ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЯ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА В ПУЧКЕ ГЛАДКИХ ТРУБ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ПОЛЫХ ТУРБУЛИЗАТОРОВ
Authors: Сугиров Джиенбек Умирзаевич , Байсарова Гульбану Гасанкулиевна , Оспанова Салтанат Мухитовна , Суйменова Маржан Кузембаевна , Шайхиева Кулянда Мактаповна 
Published: September 2021

Повышение тепловой эффективности теплообменников всегда является актуальной задачей. В статье излагаются результаты исследования турбулизаторов, отличающиеся тем, что они изготавливались полыми и имели возможность пропускать внутри себя нагреваемый воздух другого газохода. Полые перегородки турбулизировали тепловой поток в газоходе 1 и одновременно нагревали часть воздуха в газоходе 2. Форма конструкции полого турбулизатора изменялась в зависимости от места установки и размером рабочей части газохода. Получены опытные данные по теплообмену и аэродинамике для рассматриваемых случаев. Обработка опытных данных позволила предложить расчетные зависимости для случаев применения этих перегородок.
Role of the dual VET in the secondary vocational education in Hungary
Authors: Ференц Ч.З. 
Published: September 2021

Цель статьи — представить особенности дуальной системы в профессиональном образовании Венгрии, основываясь на опыте работы Торгово-промышленной палаты Венгрии в этом направлении за последние три года (2019–2021). Предпринята попытка систематизировать управленческие решения по внедрению дуальной системы обучения в профессиональное образование страны на принципах государственно-частного партнерств. Теоретическая значимость заключается в описании современной модели профессионального образования Венгрии (принципы формирования дуальных образовательных программ в двух типах образовательных организаций, механизмов партнерства предприятий и образовательных организаций при координирующей роли торгово-промышленной палаты). Практическая значимость — в описании нормативных правовых решений, обеспечивающих жизнеспособность дуальной модели обучения в стране.
The purpose of the article is to characterize the features of the dual system in vocational education in Hungary based on the experience of the Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry over the past three years (2019–2021). Rhe author attempts to systematize management decisions on the introduction of a dual training system in the country’s vocational education based on the principles of public-private partnerships. The theoretical significance lies in the description of the modern model of professional education in Hungary (the principles of the dual educational programmes formation in two types of educational organizations, partnership mechanisms of enterprises and educational organizations with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry having the coordinating role). The practical significance lies in the description of regulatory legal solutions that ensure the viability of the dual model of education in the country.
Exposure to landscape fire smoke reduced birthweight in low- and middle-income countries: findings from a siblings-matched case-control study
Authors: Li Jiajianghui , Guan Tianjia , Guo Qian , Geng Guannan , Wang Huiyu , Guo Fuyu , Li Jiwei , Xue Tao 
Published: September 2021

Background:Landscape fire smoke (LFS) has been associated with reduced birthweight, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is rare.Methods:Here, we present a sibling-matched case–control study of 227,948 newborns to identify an association between fire-sourced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and birthweight in 54 LMICs from 2000 to 2014. We selected mothers from the geocoded Demographic and Health Survey with at least two children and valid birthweight records. Newborns affiliated with the same mother were defined as a family group. Gestational exposure to LFS was assessed in each newborn using the concentration of fire-sourced PM2.5. We determined the associations of the within-group variations in LFS exposure with birthweight differences between matched siblings using a fixed-effects regression model. Additionally, we analyzed the binary outcomes of low birthweight (LBW) or very low birthweight (VLBW).Results:According to fully adjusted models, a 1 µg/m3 increase in the concentration of fire-sourced PM2.5 was significantly associated with a 2.17 g (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–3.77) reduction in birthweight, a 2.80% (95% CI 0.97–4.66) increase in LBW risk, and an 11.68% (95% CI 3.59–20.40) increase in VLBW risk.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that gestational exposure to LFS harms fetal health.Funding:PKU-Baidu Fund, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Peking University Health Science Centre, and CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.
Entre o agradável e o pseudo-estético: uma dialética própria do campo da arte
Authors: Santos Deribaldo 
Published: September 2021

O artigo, de caráter teórico bibliográfico, debate com Lukács o subitem Ciclo problemático do agradável, contido no capítulo 14 de sua Grande Estética. A comunicação objetiva aclarar a relação entre o estético e o agradável, o que possibilita problematizar o conceito de pseudo-estético. Essa problemática é imprescindível para o debate sobre a arte, dado que ilumina as criações humanas que, mesmo sem atingir a reflexão artística, cumprem uma missão importante para a vida cotidiana. Para atingir o objetivo, a comunicação se apoia em uma leitura imanente do autor, destacando a relação entre o Antes e o Depois do efeito catártico. Sobre o desenvolvimento dessa tematização, a exposição aponta para a importância do efeito agradável para a vida cotidiana e, em consequência disso, para a produção e recepção artística; indicando, entretanto, as distinções e aproximações entre o estético e o agradável.
Teatroestendido e a revolta dos corpos em luta em “ESCORPIÃO”
Authors: Thürler Djalma , Woyda Duda 
Published: September 2021

O ensaio apresenta a noção de teatroestendido, elaborada a partir do espetáculo “Escorpião”, dirigido por Marcus Lobo, da ATeiê voadOR Teatro. Forjado na encruzilhada interdisciplinar, que envolve desde a teoria do teatro ocidental à teoria queer, esse dispositivo estético colabora para pensar no teatro como arte múltipla, potente ferramenta de reflexão sobre a contemporaneidade por reivindicar o espaço de aparecimento dos corpos queers (BUTLER, 2018), em um novo terreno de experimentação estética que subvertem modos de vida tido como naturais (SEGATO, 2018) e noções de verdade consagradas pela colonialidade por meio da politização do corpo como “instância revolucionária” (PAMEIRO, 2017).
Engineered Bifunctional Proteins for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Du Yue , Xu Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBifunctional proteins (BFPs) are a class of therapeutic agents produced through genetic engineering and protein engineering, and are increasingly used to treat various human diseases, including cancer. These proteins usually have two or more biological functions—specifically recognizing different molecular targets to regulate the related signaling pathways, or mediating effector molecules/cells to kill tumor cells. Unlike conventional small‐molecule or single‐target drugs, BFPs possess stronger biological activity but lower systemic toxicity. Hence, BFPs are considered to offer many benefits for the treatment of heterogeneous tumors. In this review, the authors briefly describe the unique structural feature of BFP molecules and innovatively divide them into bispecific antibodies, cytokine‐based BFPs (immunocytokines), and protein toxin‐based BFPs (immunotoxins) according to their mode of action. In addition, the latest advances in the development of BFPs are discussed and the potential limitations or problems in clinical applications are outlined. Taken together, future studies need to be centered on understanding the characteristics of BFPs for optimizing and designing more effective such drugs.
The experiences of medical students, residents, fellows, and attendings in the emergency department: Implicit bias to microaggressions
Authors: Brown Cortlyn , Daniel Rosny , Addo Newton , Knight Starr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesMicroaggressions and implicit bias occur frequently in medicine. No previous study, however, has examined the implicit bias and microaggressions that emergency medicine (EM) providers experience. Our primary objective was to understand how often EM providers experience implicit bias and microaggressions. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the types of microaggressions they experience and whether their own identifying characteristics are risk factors.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to EM providers across the United States. Outcome measures of experiencing or witnessing a microaggression, overt discrimination, or implicit bias were described using frequencies, proportions, and logistic regressions. Where a univariate association between outcome measures and demographic characteristics was found, multivariate regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was performed. Proportional odds logistic regression models were used to evaluate the specific type of microaggressions experienced and if there was an association with demographic variables.ResultsA total of 277 medical providers (48% trainees—medical students, residents, and fellows—and 52% attending physicians) completed the survey. A total of 181 (65%) respondents reported experiencing a microaggression. Female (OR = 5.9 [95% CI = 3.1 to 11.2]) and non‐White respondents (OR = 2.4 [95% CI = 1.2 to 4.5]) were more likely to report experiencing any microaggression. Misidentification, the most common form of microaggression, was more common with trainees compared to attending physicians (proportional OR [POR] = 2.6 [95% CI = 1.7 to 4.0]) and non‐White, compared to White, respondents (POR = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.3 to 3.6]). Misidentification as nonclinician staff was associated with gender (POR = 53 [95% CI = 24 to 116]) and 52% of female respondents reported being mistaken for nonclinician staff almost daily. Seventy‐six percent of respondents reported being called a vulgar term by a patient and 21% by a staff member.ConclusionsEM providers, particularly women and non‐Whites, who responded to our survey experienced and witnessed bias and microaggressions, most commonly misidentification, in the ED.
Characteristics of medical students interested in emergency medicine with intention to practice in underserved areas
Authors: Abreu Carina , Jawiche John , Nguyen Mytien , Chang Andrew K. , Ata Ashar , Reid Symone , Mason Hyacinth R. C. , Rebagliati Daniel , Myers Joy M. , Pinto Dorcas , B Jeffe Donna , Boatright Dowin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesEmergency departments serve a wide variety of racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender backgrounds. It is currently unknown what characteristics of students who express interest in emergency medicine (EM) are associated with a simultaneous desire to work in medically underserved areas. We hypothesize that those who are underrepresented in medicine, are female, learn another language, and have more student debt will be more likely to practice in a medically underserved area.MethodsData from the National Board of Medical Examiners, Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Student Record System, and the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire were collected on a national cohort of 92,013 U.S. medical students who matriculated from 2007 through 2012. Extracted variables included planned practice area, intention to practice in underserved areas, race/ethnicity, sex, medical school experiences, age at matriculation, debt at graduation, and first‐attempt USMLE Step 1 score.ResultsEM‐intending students who identified as female, non‐Hispanic Black/African American, or Latinx/Hispanic; had a larger debt at graduation; had experiences with health education in the community; had global health experience; and had learned more than one language were more likely to report an intention to practice in underserved areas.ConclusionWith the increasing importance of physician diversity to match those of the community being served, this study identifies factors associated with a desire of EM students to work in underserved areas. Medical schools and EM residencies may wish to consider these factors in their admissions process.
Diversity begets diversity: Factors contributing to emergency medicine residency gender diversity
Authors: Saak Julia C. , Mannix Alexandra , Stilley Julie , Sampson Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the number of women entering medical school and emergency medicine (EM) residencies has increased, female physicians are still proportionally underrepresented in EM. The goal of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between resident gender and program leadership gender.MethodsA survey of residency leadership and residents was completed, and multivariate factor analysis was performed.ResultsIt was found that 31% of program directors (PDs) were women, along with 42% of associate PDs, 48% of assistant PDs, 36% of residents, and 48% of chief residents. The strongest correlation between female residents and program leadership was between female residents and female assistant PDs (0.25). Female residents were also strongly correlated with female chief residents (0.40).ConclusionsAlthough we cannot determine the direction of causation, moving forward, programs looking to increase their female resident cohort should consider focusing efforts around increasing representation at the program leadership and chief resident level.
Untold stories: Emergency medicine residents’ experiences caring for diverse patient populations
Authors: Haggins Adrianne , Clery Michael , Ahn James , Hogikyan Emily , Heron Sheryl , Johnson Renee , Hopson Laura R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education expects specialties to teach and assess proficiency in culturally competent care. However, little guidance has emerged to achieve these goals. Clinical training within socioeconomically disparate settings may provide an experiential learning opportunity. We sought to qualitatively explore resident experiences working in the generic clinical learning environments (i.e., exposure to socioeconomically diverse patients across different training sites) and how it shapes cultural competency–related skill development.MethodsResidents were recruited from emergency medicine (EM) programs. We used purposeful sampling across all postgraduate years and elicited experiences related to working at the different sites related to cultural identity, frustrating patient encounters, vulnerable populations, and development of health disparities/social determinants of health knowledge. Individual structured interviews were conducted via phone between May and December 2016. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed using systematic and iterative coding methods.ResultsTwenty‐four interviews revealed three main themes. EM residents’ experiences caring for patients across sites shaped their understanding of: (1) potential patient attributes that affected the clinical encounter, (2) difficulties in building rapport had adverse effect on the clinical evaluation, and (3) residency program and training experiences shaped their clinical preparedness and willingness to work in underserved areas.ConclusionAssessing the impact disparate clinical setting exposures have on trainees’ preparedness to care for socioeconomically diverse patients can provide valuable insight for medical educators into barriers and facilitators to delivering optimal learning and patient care. Participants provided a breadth of stories illuminating their real‐world consciousness and competency with meeting the needs of diverse populations and their access to varied educational outlets to grapple with the disparities they observed. More research is needed to uncover effective strategies to help residents thrive and feel more prepared to care for diverse populations.
A descriptive analysis of emergency medicine resident productivity over the course of training
Authors: Fredette Jenna , Kim Tae , McHugh Daniel , Gissendaner Jamie , Cherico Amy , Mapp Alexandra , Brennan Daniel , Thundiyil Josef , Nomura Jason 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective of emergency medicine (EM) residency training is to develop knowledgeable, procedurally competent, and highly efficient physicians. We aimed to determine current overall productivity statistics and if there is an average rate of productivity change for individual residents as they progress through their training.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of EM resident productivity performed at two American Council of Graduate Medical Education–accredited, community‐academic residency programs from July 2012 to June 2018. Productivity was defined by relative value units (RVU)/h, RVU/patient, and patients/h. Mixed‐effects models for repeated‐measures data were used to assess change in outcome over postgraduate year (PGY) levels. The models included the interaction between progressive PGY levels to assess whether there was a pattern of change between each training year.ResultsA total of 102 unique EM residents were included in the analysis. All three productivity measures increased linearly between PGY levels. However, while each graduating class had linear improvement throughout training, the rates of change were not consistent from one class to the next. Furthermore, a consistent rate of change between PGY for individual residents could not be established. Productivity can increase, decrease, stay the same, or any combination as residents advance through their training.ConclusionsOverall productivity of EM residents increases as they advance through their training. However, there is no consistent pattern of increase from one graduating class to the next and no reliable pattern of change for individual residents. Having increased granularity and understanding of productivity as it relates to individual residents will allow for more enhanced advisement of residents about their current productivity and their anticipated course through residency.
Developing an electronic health record–derived health equity dashboard to improve learner access to data and metrics
Authors: Tsuchida Ryan E. , Haggins Adrianne N. , Perry Marcia , Chen Chiu‐Mei , Medlin Richard P. , Meurer William J. , Burkhardt John , Fung Christopher M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIt is essential to engage learners in efforts aimed at dismantling racism and other contributors to health care disparities. Barriers to their involvement include limited access to data. The objective of our study was to create a data dashboard using an existing quality improvement (QI) infrastructure and provide resident access to data to facilitate exploratory analysis on disparities in emergency department (ED) patient care.MethodsFocusing on patient populations that have previously been shown in the literature to suffer significant disparities in the ED, we extracted outcomes across a variety of metrics already collected as part of routine ED operations. Using data visualization software, we developed an interactive dashboard for visual exploratory analyses.ResultsWe designed a dashboard for our resident learners with views that are flexible and allow user selected filters to view clinical outcomes by patient age, treatment area, and chief complaint. Learners were also allowed to select grouping and outcomes of interest to investigate questions and form new hypotheses of their choosing. Available dashboard views included summary counts view to assess ED visits over time by selectable group, a rooming and triage acuity view, time‐to‐event survival curve view, histogram and box plot views for continuous variables, a view to assess outcome variables by time of day of ED arrival, customizable contingency table views, and correspondence analysis.ConclusionsUtilizing an existing QI infrastructure, we developed a dashboard that provides a new perspective into commonly collected ED operations data to allow for the exploration of disparities in ED care that is accessible to learners. Future directions include using these data to refine hypotheses on ED disparities, understand root causes, develop interventions, and measure their impact.