bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Пространственно-координатное обеспечение ведения 3D-кадастра в России
Authors: Аврунев Евгений Ильич , Гиниятов Артур Ильгизович 
Published: November 2021

В работе рассматриваются основные положения создания геодезического обоснования (ГО) для ведения 3D-кадастра в России. В соответствии с ними создание ГО может быть представлено в виде двух технологических процессов: построения ГО в кадастровом квартале для координирования характерных точек контуров объектов капитального строительства (ОКС) и ЗD-моделирования внутренних элементов (помещений) ОКС.
Для выполнения геодезических измерений, построения системы координат и выполнения 3D-моделирования структурных элементов ОКС предложена соответствующая нормативная база. Реализация предложенных технологических решений позволяет рассматривать технический план, формируемый кадастровым инженером, не только как документ, необходимый для постановки ОКС и его структурных элементов на государственный кадастровый учет (ГКУ), но и как нормативно-правовой документ, определяющий соответствие возведенного ОКС своим проектным параметрам.
High Prevalence of HIV-Related Cryptococcosis and Increased Resistance to Fluconazole of the Cryptococcus neoformans Complex in Jiangxi Province, South Central China
Authors: Yang Chunxi , Bian Zeyuan , Blechert Oliver , Deng Fengyi , Chen Hui , Li Yueting , Yang Yunhong , Chen Min , Zhan Ping 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCryptococcosis is caused by a fungi of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex and is a severe concern for public health worldwide. C. neoformans species are globally distributed, and C. gattii species are mostly found in America, Australia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Cryptococcus usually infects an immunocompromised population; however, the majority of cryptococcosis in China has been reported in patients without any recognizable immunosuppression, i.e., HIV infection. To date, very few studies investigated this disease in South Central China.MethodsThe present study recruited 230 clinically suspected cryptococcosis cases in the last 5 years at two hospitals in Jiangxi Province, South Central China. All isolated strains were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis. Serotype and mating type were assessed by PCR, in vitro antifungal susceptibility was assessed by the CLSI-M27-A3 protocol.ResultsA total of 230 patients were identified as infected by C. neoformans, including 12 cases with Talaromyces marneffei coinfection. All seven MLST markers were successfully amplified and used to identify the ST genotype in 199 strains. C. gattii strains were not detected. In contrast to previous studies, 59.3% of the patients had an immunocompromised status, and 61.9% of these patients were infected with HIV. All isolates manifested serotype A and mating type α. The ST5 genotype was common (89.5%) in the Jiangxi region, and three novel genotypes (ST656, ST657, and ST658 in six isolates) were detected in the present study. A total of 86 of the isolates (43.2%) were not sensitive to fluconazole at a MIC50 ≥ 8 μg/ml, most of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, and nearly all isolates were resistant to itraconazole and posaconazole. Resistances to 5-Flucytosine and voriconazole were very rare.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicated that C. neoformans is the predominant species for cryptococcosis in Jiangxi Province, and a large proportion of the strains were not sensitive to fluconazole, which may be related to treatment failure and relapse. A high percentage of HIV-related C. neoformans infections was reported in Jiangxi, supporting a previous hypothesis that cryptococcosis is more frequent among the HIV-infected population in China. Continuous monitoring of species distribution and antifungal sensitivity is important for the investigation of this severe disease in the Jiangxi region.
Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) Is Associated With Left Atrial Remodeling in Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Contreras-Briceño Felipe , Herrera Sebastián , Vega-Adauy Julian , Salinas Manuel , Ocaranza María Paz , Jalil Jorge E. , Mandiola Jorge , García Lorena , Chiong Mario , Castro Pablo F. , Lavandero Sergio , Gabrielli Luigi 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: An increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated in high-performance athletes. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), a biomarker involved in inflammation and cardiac remodeling, is associated with the development of AF in the general population. However, the relationship between sVCAM-1 and left atrial (LA) remodeling has been poorly investigated in long-distance runners (LDR).Aim: To determine the association between LA remodeling and sVCAM-1 levels in LDR during the training period before a marathon race.Methods: Thirty-six healthy male LDR (37.0 ± 5.3 years; 174.0 ± 7.0 height; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.8; V°O2-peak: 56.5 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) were evaluated in this single-blind and cross-sectional study. The LDR were separated into two groups according to previous training levels: high-training (HT) (n = 18) ≥100 km·week−1 and low-training (LT) (n = 18) ≥70 and &lt;100 km·week−1. Also, 18 healthy non-active subjects were included as a control group (CTR). In all participants, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. sVCAM-1 blood levels were measured baseline and immediately finished the marathon race in LDR.Results: HT showed increased basal levels of sVCAM-1 (651 ± 350 vs. 440 ± 98 ng·mL−1 CTR, p = 0.002; and vs. 533 ± 133 ng·mL−1 LT; p = 0.003) and a post-marathon increase (ΔsVCAM-1) (651 ± 350 to 905 ± 373 ng·mL−1; p = 0.002), that did not occur in LT (533 ± 133 to 651 ± 138 ng·mL−1; p = 0.117). In LDR was a moderate correlation between LA volume and sVCAM-1 level (rho = 0.510; p = 0.001).Conclusions: In male long-distance runners, sVCAM-1 levels are directly associated with LA remodeling. Also, the training level is associated with basal sVCAM-1 levels and changes after an intense and prolonged exercise (42.2 km). Whether sVCAM-1 levels predict the risk of AF in runners remains to be established.
Screening for Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease via Exercise Stress Testing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dun Yaoshan , Wu Shaoping , Cui Ni , Thomas Randal J. , Olson Thomas P. , Zhou Nanjiang , Li Qiuxia , Liu Suixin 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to investigate the diagnostic value of exercise stress testing (EST) for asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to ascertain the influence of different variables on the sensitivity and specificity of EST.Background: Asymptomatic CAD occurs in &gt;1 in five diabetes mellitus patients, and it is associated with an increased risk of complications. Methods for screening asymptomatic CAD in T2DM patients are still not unified.Methods: MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO ASP, and Web of Science were systematically searched on June 8 and 9, 2021, for diagnostic cohort and case-control studies. We included studies that used EST to screen for CAD in asymptomatic patients with T2DM, and that used coronary angiography to diagnose CAD and had reported the basic diagnostic indicators. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to assess study quality. The combined effect sizes were calculated by overall analysis and multiple variable effects were explored by regression analysis and subgroup analysis.Results: Nine groups of data from eight diagnostic cohort studies, totaling 515 participants, were included. Included studies showed a low risk of bias in most items, except for flow and timing. The combined sensitivity and specificity of EST for asymptomatic CAD in patients with T2DM were 55 (48 to 61%) and 66 (61 to 70%), respectively. When non-diagnostic tests were excluded, sensitivity increased to 73 (56 to 88%). The proportion receiving angiography also significantly affected sensitivity. No significant difference was found in the duration of diabetes or other additional risk factors.Conclusions: EST is a tool of moderate sensitivity and specificity to be used for the initial screening of asymptomatic CAD in T2DM. It has the advantage of being non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, easily available in most settings, and has no radiation associated with its use. Additional research with higher quality studies in which tests that are non-diagnostic are included and flow and timing is described clearly, will be important to further our understanding of EST for asymptomatic CAD detection in patients with T2DM.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021259555.
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
Authors: Khaw Hooi Ling , Gjerde Bjarne , Boison Solomon A. , Hjelle Elise , Difford Gareth F. 
Published: November 2021

High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day for 6 weeks (Phase I), followed by 24L:0D per day for 6 weeks (Phase II); one group was 0 + smolt (EXP1) and the other 1 + smolt (EXP2). To monitor the smoltification status of the fish, 100 (EXP1) and 60 (EXP2) fish were randomly sampled per week during Phase II. The following phenotypes for smoltification status were studied: RT-qPCR relative mRNA expression of values of two alpha catalytic subunits of the variants of the Na+K+ATPase (NKA) expressed in the sampled gill tissues of each fish. The first variant, alpha1a with increased expression in freshwater (FW) and the second variant alpha1b with increased expression in seawater variant (SW), as well as their ratio SW/FW. At the optimal time for seawater transfer based on the SW/FW trait, 1,000 (at sixth sampling of EXP1) and 1,500 (at fifth sampling of EXP2) fish were sampled for genetic parameter estimation. The individual variation in FW, SW, and SW/FW was very large at each of the seven samplings indicating a large variation among individuals in the optimum time of transfer to seawater. SW/FW showed significant genetic variation in both 0+ and 1+ smolts, which indicates the possibility for selection for improved synchronization of smoltification status of Atlantic salmon at the time where the largest proportion of the fish is considered to be smolt. However, the genetic correlation between SW/FW of 0+ and 1+ was not significantly different from zero indicating very little shared genetic variation in SW/FW in 0+ and 1+ fish. Smoltification phenotypes showed temporal progression over the smoltification period, and this progression varied between 0+ and 1+ smolt highlighting the importance of correctly timing the major sampling point, and when cohorts are transferred to seawater. This also highlighted the need for further research into noninvasive methods of objectively measuring individual smoltification through time and subsequent smolt survival and growth rate at sea.
Association Between RSK2 and Clinical Indexes of Primary Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on mRNA Microarray Data
Authors: Zheng Kun , Yao Shuo , Yao Wei , Li Qianxia , Wang Yali , Zhang Lili , Chen Xiuqiong , Xiong Huihua , Yuan Xianglin , Wang Yihua , Zou Yanmei , Xiong Hua 
Published: November 2021

Background: Although ribosomal protein S6 kinases, 90 kDa, polypeptide 3 (RSK2, RPS6KA3) has been reported to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, including breast cancer, its clinical implication in primary breast cancer patients is not well understood, and there were not many studies to explore the relationship between RSK2 and breast cancer on a clinical level.Methods: A systematic series matrix file search uploaded from January 1, 2008 to November 31, 2017 was undertaken using ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Search filters were breast cancer, RNA assay, and array assay. Files eligible for inclusion met the following criteria: a) sample capacity is over 100, b) tumor sample comes from unselected patient’s primary breast tumor tissue, and c) expression of RSK2 and any clinical parameters of patients were available from the files. We use median as the cutoff value to assess the association between the expression of RSK2 and the clinical indexes of breast cancer patients.Finding: The meta-analysis identified 13 series matrix files from GEO database involving 3,122 samples that come from patients’ primary breast cancer tissue or normal tissue. The expression of RSK2 in tumor tissues is lower than that in normal tissues [odds ratio (OR), 0.54; 95% credible interval (CI), 0.44–0.67; Cochran’s Q test p = 0.14; I2 = 41.7%]. Patients with a high expression of RSK2 showed more favorable overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49–0.94; Cochran’s Q test p = 0.95; I2 = 0.0%] and less potential of distant metastasis (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41–0.87; Cochran’s Q test p = 0.88; I2 = 0.0%) and lymph node infiltration (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–0.998; Cochran’s Q test p = 0.09; I2 = 42.8%). Besides, the expression of RSK2 in luminal breast cancer is lower than Cochran’s Q test p = 0.06; I2 = 63.5%). RSK2 overexpression corresponded with higher histological grade (OR, 1.329; 95% CI, 1.03–1.721; Cochran’s Q test p = 0.69; I2 = 0.0%). RSK2 expression is also associated with estrogen receptor (ER) and age.Conclusion: The meta-analysis provides evidence that RSK2 is a potential biomarker in breast cancer patients. The expression of RSK2 is distinctive in different intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer, indicating that it may play an important role in specific breast cancer. Further study is needed to uncover the mechanism of RSK2 in breast cancer.Systematic Review Registration: (website), identifier (registration number).
Targeting Macrophage Dysregulation for Viral Infections: Novel Targets for Immunomodulators
Authors: Reece Monica D. , Taylor Ruby R. , Song Colin , Gavegnano Christina 
Published: November 2021

A major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) cure is the latent viral reservoir, which persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), including across the non-dividing myeloid reservoir which is found systemically in sanctuary sites across tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike activated CD4+ T cells that undergo rapid cell death during initial infection (due to rapid viral replication kinetics), viral replication kinetics are delayed in non-dividing myeloid cells, resulting in long-lived survival of infected macrophages and macrophage-like cells. Simultaneously, persistent inflammation in macrophages confers immune dysregulation that is a key driver of co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurological deficits in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Macrophage activation and dysregulation is also a key driver of disease progression across other viral infections including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and chikungunya viruses, underscoring the interplay between macrophages and disease progression, pathogenesis, and comorbidity in the viral infection setting. This review discusses the role of macrophages in persistence and pathogenesis of HIV-1 and related comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. A special focus is given to novel immunomodulatory targets for key events driving myeloid cell dysregulation and reservoir maintenance across a diverse array of viral infections.
Low Serum Testosterone Concentrations Are Associated With Poor Cognitive Performance in Older Men but Not Women
Authors: Dong Xue , Jiang Hong , Li Suyun , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Current evidence on the association between serum testosterone and cognitive performance has been inconsistent, especially in older adults. To investigate the associations between serum testosterone and cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of older men and women.Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. 1,303 men and 1,349 women aged 60 years or older were included in the study. Serum total testosterone was preformed via isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) method. Free testosterone was calculated by Vermeulen’s formula. Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the association of testosterone and cognitive performance.Results: In men, higher concentrations of total testosterone were associated with better performance on CERAD test (OR = 0.51; 95%CI = 0.27–0.95) and DSST (OR = 0.54; 95%CI = 0.30–0.99) in adjusted group. Similarly, higher concentrations of free testosterone were associated with better performance on CERAD test (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.17–0.61) and DSST (OR = 0.41; 95%CI = 0.17–0.96) in men. These associations were not seen in women.Conclusion: Serum testosterone concentrations were inversely associated with cognitive performance in older men but not women in the United States.
Quality of Life in Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Analysis of the SPARCLE Study
Authors: Vidart d'Egurbide Bagazgoïtia Nicolas , Ehlinger Virginie , Duffaut Carine , Fauconnier Jérôme , Schmidt-Schuchert Silke , Thyen Ute , Himmelmann Kate , Marcelli Marco , Arnaud Catherine 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: While most people with cerebral palsy (CP) will have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population, international research has primarily focused on childhood and adolescence; and knowledge about the quality of life (QoL) of young adults with CP, its trajectories, and associated factors remains scarce.Methods: This longitudinal study included young adults with CP living in five European regions and who had previously participated in the SPARCLE cohort as children and/or adolescents. Their QoL in the psychological well-being and social relationships domains was estimated using age-appropriate validated instruments (KIDSCREEN-52 in childhood/adolescence and WHOQOL-Bref in young adulthood). We used generalized linear mixed-effect models with random intercept to estimate long-term trajectories of QoL in both domains and to investigate whether severity of impairment, pain, and seizure influenced these trajectories. We sought to identify potentially different trajectories of QoL from childhood to adulthood using a shape-based clustering method.Results: In total, 164 young adults with CP aged 22–27 years participated in the study. Psychological well-being linearly decreased by 0.78 points (scale 0–100) per year (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.99 to −0.56) from childhood to young adulthood, whereas QoL in the social relationships domain increased (β coefficient 1.24, 95% CI 0.92–1.55). Severity of impairment was associated with reduced QoL in all life periods of the study (childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood): motor impairment with social relationships, and more nuancedly intellectual disability with psychological well-being and social relationships. At all periods, frequent pain significantly reduced psychological well-being, and seizures were associated with lower QoL in the social relationships domain. In both domains, we identified a group of individuals with CP who presented a reverse trajectory compared with the general QoL trajectory.Conclusion: Identification of QoL trajectories and their associated factors yields improved knowledge about the experience of individuals with CP until young adulthood. Further studies are needed to better understand the determinants that have the greatest influence on the different shapes of long-term trajectories of QoL.
Current Incidence and Risk Factors of Fecal Incontinence After Acute Stroke Affecting Functionally Independent People
Authors: Lucente Giuseppe , Corral Javier , Rodríguez-Esparragoza Luis , Castañer Sara , Ortiz Hector , Piqueras Anna , Broto Joaquim , Hernández-Pérez María , Domenech Sira , Martinez-Piñeiro Alicia , Serra Jordi , Almendrote Miriam , Parés David , Millán Mònica 
Published: November 2021

Background: Previously published retrospective series show a high prevalence of fecal incontinence (FI) in stroke patients. We aimed to analyze in a prospective series the current incidence of FI in acute stroke in functionally independent patients and its evolution over time and the patient characteristics associated with the appearance of FI in acute stroke.Methods: We included consecutive patients with acute stroke admitted in our stroke unit who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: a first episode of stroke, aged &gt;18 years, with no previous functional dependency [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2] and without previous known FI. FI was assessed by a multidisciplinary trained team using dedicated questionnaires at 72 ± 24 h (acute phase) and at 90 ± 15 days (chronic phase). Demographic, medical history, clinical and stroke features, mortality, and mRS at 7 days were collected.Results: Three hundred fifty-nine (48.3%) of 749 patients (mean age 65.9 ± 10, 64% male, 84.1% ischemic) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were prospectively included during a 20-month period. FI was identified in 23 patients (6.4%) at 72 ± 24 h and in 7 (1.9%) at 90 days ± 15 days after stroke onset. FI was more frequent in hemorrhagic strokes (18 vs. 5%, p 0.007) and in more severe strokes [median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 18 (14–22) vs. 5 (3–13), p &lt; 0.0001]. No differences were found regarding age, sex, vascular risk factors, or other comorbidities, or affected hemisphere. Patients with NIHSS ≥12 (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.89) had a 17-fold increase for the risk of FI (OR 16.9, IC 95% 4.7–60.1) adjusted for covariates.Conclusions: At present, the incidence of FI in acute stroke patients without previous functional dependency is lower than expected, with an association of a more severe and hemorrhagic stroke. Due to its impact on the quality of life, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms to address therapeutic strategies.