bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is transportation a risk factor for African swine fever transmission in Australia: a review
Authors: Neumann EJ , Hall WF , Dahl J , Hamilton D , Kurian A 
Published: July 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of the pigs that was first described in Africa during the early part of the twentieth century. The disease has periodically occurred outside of Africa, including an ongoing epidemic in Europe and Asia that started in 2007; the disease has never occurred in Australia or New Zealand. Once introduced into a country, spread can occur through direct and indirect routes of transmission. Infected feral pig populations have the potential to act as a long‐term reservoir for the virus, making eradication difficult.Just before and throughout the period of clinical signs, ASF virus is shed in oronasal fluids, urine, faeces and blood. This results in contamination of the pig's environment, including flooring, equipment and vehicles. Transportation‐related risk factors therefore are likely to play an important role in ASF spread, though evidence thus far has been largely anecdotal.In addition to the existing AUSVETPLAN ASF plan, efforts should be made to improve transportation biosecurity, from the time a pig leaves the farm to its destination. Collection of data that could quantify the capabilities and capacity of Australia to clean and disinfect livestock trucks would help to determine if private and/or public sector investment should be made in this area of biosecurity. No peer‐reviewed research was identified that described a specific process for cleaning and disinfecting a livestock truck known to be contaminated with ASF virus, though literature suggests that transportation is an important route of transmission for moving the virus between farms and countries.
Variety is the spice of life: How emotional diversity is associated with better student engagement and achievement
Authors: King Ronnel B. , Frondozo Cherry Eron 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPast studies on emotions have mostly focused on mean levels of positive and negative emotions. In recent years, the concept of emotional diversity (emodiversity) which refers to the variety and relative abundance of emotions was introduced and was found to have important implications for mental and physical health. However, its role in the educational context is unexplored.AimsThe current study aimed to examine how emodiversity is associated with indicators of optimal school functioning including engagement and achievement.Sample(s)Four hundred four Filipino high school students (M = 14.34, SD = 1.47; 55% female) and 10 class teachers participated in the study.MethodsStudents completed surveys measuring their emotions, emodiversity, and engagement, while class teachers rated their students’ engagement. Finally, grades from the school were obtained at the end of the semester.ResultsPositive emodiversity—diversity of positive emotional experiences—was an independent predictor of academic engagement and school achievement over and above mean levels of positive and negative emotions. These results were found to generalize to self‐reported and teacher‐reported outcomes as well as more objective measures of achievement. Moreover, findings remained robust after controlling for demographic variables such as gender and year level.ConclusionsPositive emodiversity is associated with higher engagement and achievement suggesting the importance of emodiversity in the educational context.
Emergence of non‐artificial intelligence digital health innovations in ophthalmology: A systematic review
Authors: Tseng Rachel Marjorie Wei Wen , Tham Yih‐Chung , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe prominent rise of digital health in ophthalmology is evident in the current age of Industry 4.0. Despite the many facets of digital health, there has been a greater slant in interest and focus on artificial intelligence recently. Other major elements of digital health like wearables could also substantially impact patient‐focused outcomes but have been relatively less explored and discussed. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the use of non‐artificial intelligence digital health tools in ophthalmology. 53 papers were included in this systematic review ‐ 25 papers discuss virtual or augmented reality, 14 discuss mobile applications and 14 discuss wearables. Most papers focused on the use of technologies to detect or rehabilitate visual impairment, glaucoma and age‐related macular degeneration. Overall, the findings on patient‐focused outcomes with the adoption of these technologies are encouraging. Further validation, large‐scale studies and earlier consideration of real‐world barriers are warranted to enable better real‐world implementation.
Potential association between public medical insurance, waitlist mortality, and utilization of living donor liver transplantation: An analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients
Authors: Emamaullee Juliet A. , Aljehani Mayada , Hogen Rachel V.T. , Zhou Kali , Lee Jerry S.H. , Sher Linda S. , Genyk Yuri S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) and subsequent Medicaid expansion has increased utilization of public health insurance. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) increases access to transplant and is associated with improved survival but consistently represents < 5% of LT in the United States.Study designNational registry data were analyzed to evaluate the impact of insurance payor on waitlist mortality and LDLT rates at LDLT centers since implementation of the ACA.ResultsPublic insurance [Medicare RR 1.18 (1.13–1.22) P < .001, Medicaid RR 1.22 (1.18–1.27) P < .001], Latino ethnicity (P < .001), and lower education level (P = .02) were associated with increased waitlist mortality at LDLT centers. LDLT recipients were more likely to have private insurance (70.4% vs. 59.4% DDLT, P < .001), be Caucasian (92.1% vs. 83% DDLT, P < .001), and have post‐secondary education (66.8% vs. 54.1% DDLT, P < .001). Despite 78% of LDLT centers being located in states with Medicaid expansion, there was no change in LDLT utilization among recipients with Medicaid (P = .196) or Medicare (P = .273).ConclusionDespite Medicaid expansion, registry data suggests that patients with public medical insurance may experience higher waitlist mortality and underutilize LDLT at centers offering LDLT. It is possible that Medicaid expansion has not increased access to LDLT.
A parallel test of the SCRAM‐CAM transdermal monitors ensuring reliability
Authors: van Egmond Kelly , Wright Cassandra J. C. , Livingston Michael , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies validating the transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) as measured by the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitors Continuous Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM‐CAM) have tested the monitor against self‐reports or breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). This study aims to provide further evidence of the reliability of the SCRAM‐CAM testing two monitors in parallel.MethodsParticipants (N = 21) received four standard drinks in a laboratory session while wearing SCRAM‐CAMs simultaneously on their left and right ankles. The SCRAM‐CAMs sampled TAC every 30 min and participants were monitored for at least 2–3 h after their BrAC levels reached zero. Weight and height measures were taken to calculate body mass index (BMI).ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the TAC measurements from the left and right SCRAM‐CAM (r = 0.718), a cross‐correlation model revealed that this correlation was not significantly different for sex or BMI. Area under the TAC curve (AUC) and peak TAC values as measured by the left and right SCRAM‐CAM also show positive correlations (r = 0.554 and r = 0.579, respectively). Cross‐correlation models show a significant effect of BMI on the relationship between left and right peak TAC values, which may be due to outlier effects. No further effects were significant for on both peak and AUC values.Discussion and ConclusionsResults show that TAC measured by SCRAM‐CAMs worn on the left and right showed a good correlation, with correlations between AUC and peak TAC values considered to be fair. TAC monitors show promise for use in research settings; however, work is needed testing the reliability of TAC as measured by two TAC monitors.
Oral health status and its association with nutritional support in malnourished patients hospitalised in acute care
Authors: Furuya Junichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Hidaka Rena , Akatsuka Ayano , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakane Ayako , Shimizu Yukue , Saito Keiko , Itsui Yasuhiro , Tohara Haruka , Sato Yuji , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the oral health of malnourished acute‐care hospital inpatients, who were the subjects of a nutritional support team (NST). We also aimed to elucidate the systemic and nutritional factors associated with the oral health of those patients.BackgroundInterventions by NST are essential for inpatient nutrition management and require the active participation of dental professionals. However, information is limited regarding the state of oral health among acute‐stage malnourished inpatients.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 255 hospitalised patients (101 women, mean age: 69.7 ± 14.4 years) who were referred to an NST for nutrition management between April 2016 and July 2019. The main outcome was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores. Moreover, we assessed participants’ demographic characteristics, nutritional status, number of natural and functional teeth, posterior occlusal support, denture use, Dysphagia Severity Scale, whether oral health management was needed, and the methods of nutrition intake.ResultsSeveral participants presented with a deteriorated oral health. Consequently, oral health management was often regarded necessary in these patients. Approximately half were fed by parenteral or tube feeding. Multiple regression analysis revealed the OHAT score has a positive association with age (P = .008), and a negative association with body mass index (P = .009) and the method of nutrition intake (P = .028).ConclusionMalnourished inpatients at an acute care hospital who were subject to an NST had a deteriorated oral health status. Additionally, poor oral health was associated with poor nutritional status and nutrition intake methods.
Effects of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and monosaccharides on structural, antioxidant and flavour characteristics of Maillard reaction products from sweet potato protein hydrolysates
Authors: Habinshuti Ildephonse , Zhang Miao , Sun Hong‐Nan , Mu Tai‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEffects of ultrasound (US)‐assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and different monosaccharides (arabinose; xylose, XY; galactose and glucose) on peptide structure, antioxidant activities and flavour characteristics of Maillard reaction products (MRP) from sweet potato protein hydrolysates were investigated. US markedly enhanced the MR progress, and USXY showed the lowest pH value of 5.04, the highest browning intensity and fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05). FTIR results revealed significant peptide structure changes in USXY, USAR and USGA compared to other samples. USXY exhibited the highest Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 109.15 µg TE/mL, followed by USGA and USAR (94.07 and 93.41 µg TE/mL), respectively (P < 0.05). USXY and USAR showed different aroma features as compared to other MRP (P < 0.05). In addition, US enhanced umami, sweetness and sourness attributes and reduced bitterness of all MRP. USXY exhibited the highest umami intensity score (7.4), followed by USGA (7.3) and USAR (7.2), respectively. Partial least square regression analysis showed that the stronger umami taste was strongly correlated to aldehydes, thiophenes, MW 1000–3000 and 500–1000 Da peptides. Thus, US‐assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and MR with xylose (XY) could be a promising way to produce natural flavouring with improved antioxidant activity.
Kantianism and the Problem of Child Sex Robots
Authors: Gordon John‐Stewart , Nyholm Sven 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a growing interest in the ethics of sex robots, fuelled by the technology industry's ability to build better and better robots that can be used as sex toys (such as realdoll.com). Although the pros and cons of sex robots have been discussed for several years in the philosophy of technology, only a few contributions have focussed on child sex robots. None of these prior essays have examined a Kantian approach to the question of whether one should allow people to use child robots as sex toys. Accordingly, this article considers the possibility of using Kant either in support of or in opposition to child sex robots. The conclusion is that a Kantian approach yields inconclusive results and is therefore ill‐equipped to solve this particular moral problem.
The cecal appendix is correlated with greater maximal longevity in mammals
Authors: Collard Maxime K. , Bardin Jérémie , Laurin Michel , Ogier‐Denis Eric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cecal appendix had been considered as a useless vestige since Darwin's work, but recent research questioned this idea demonstrating that the cecal appendix appeared among the mammals at least 80 million years ago and has made multiple and independent appearances without any obvious correlation with diet, social life, ecology, or size of the cecum. However, functions and probable selective advantage conferred by this anatomical structure still remain enigmatic. We found, through analyses of data on 258 mammalian species, that cecal appendix presence is correlated with increased maximal observed longevity. This is the first demonstration of a correlation between cecal appendix presence and life history. Interestingly, the classical evolutionary theory of aging that predicts an increased longevity when the extrinsic mortality is reduced has been questioned several times, but recent comparative studies asserted its validity in the taxa, which experience age‐dependent and density‐dependent mortality, as in mammals. Thus, the cecal appendix may contribute to the increase in longevity through a reduction of extrinsic mortality. A lower risk of fatal infectious diarrhea is one of the most plausible hypotheses that could explain it. However, several hypotheses coexist about the possible functions of the cecal appendix, and our results provide new insights about this much‐disputed question. In addition, we show that the cecal appendix arose at least 16 times and was lost only once during the evolutionary history of the considered mammals, an asymmetry that supports the existence of a positive selective of this structure.
Psychometric properties of psychosocial dimensions associated with postpartum depression
Authors: Ghaedrahmati Maryam , Kazemi Ashraf , Kheirabadi Gholamreza , Bahrami Masoud , Ebrahimi Amrollah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was psychometric properties of a questionnaire for assessing psychosocial dimensions associated with postpartum depression (PAPP).MethodsInitial form of the questionnaire for assessing PAPP was developed based on the results of a qualitative study. Principal component analysis was used to determine the construct validity, as well as Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Construct validity, predictability of the questionnaire, and confirmatory factor analysis were evaluated in a longitudinal study on 303 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Also, using Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, the level of depression was evaluated 6 weeks after childbirth.ResultsExploratory factor analysis led to a 47‐item questionnaire with five dimensions and confirmed that five factors determined 42.31% variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.851 for the total score of questionnaire and for the factors, ranged from 0.84 to 0.92. ICC of total was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–0.93). Analyzing the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 47 items questionnaire had a good construct validity (CMIN/DF = 2.01, p = 0.122). The level of the PAPP in women suffered from postpartum depression was higher than women without postpartum depression (odds ratio = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02, p = 0.001). A cut‐off score of 42 provided the best sensitivity (0.75) and specificity (0.50) for PAPP.ConclusionThe psychometric properties of the PAPP showed an appropriate validity and reliability, and it may applicable to predict of at risk pregnant women for postpartum depression who seeking antenatal care services.
Adherence to a healthy sleep pattern is associated with lower risks of all‐cause, cardiovascular and cancer‐specific mortality
Authors: Zhou Tao , Yuan Yu , Xue Qiaochu , Li Xiang , Wang Mengying , Ma Hao , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividual unhealthy sleep behaviours have been associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality and deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. The evidence regarding the association of sleep patterns with these risks is limited.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of sleep patterns with all‐cause, CVD and cancer mortality in a large prospective cohort.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 283,443 adults from UK Biobank without CVD and cancer at baseline. We created a healthy sleep score and sleep patterns combining five individual sleep behaviours.ResultsDuring a mean (standard deviation) of 8.9 (1.1) years (2.5 million person‐years) of follow up, a total of 7936 all‐cause deaths, 762 CVD‐caused deaths, and 4540 cancer‐caused deaths occurred during follow up. One point increase of the healthy sleep score was associated with a 4–11% lower risk of all‐cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92–0.96), CVD mortality (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95) and cancer mortality (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99), with adjustment for age, sex, assessment centres, smoking status, alcohol intake status, socioeconomic status and physical activity. Compared with participants with an unfavourable sleep pattern, those with a favourable sleep pattern had 24–42% lower risks of all‐cause and CVD mortality. The association with all‐cause mortality tended to be stronger among underweight participants and those with insufficient physical activity.ConclusionsA healthy sleep pattern was associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality and mortality from CVD and cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of improving overall sleep behaviours in lowering mortality.
A Survey of Befriending Services for People With Intellectual Disabilities in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tse Cheuk Yin , Mckenzie Emma , Hassiotis Angela , Ali Afia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) may benefit from befriending services, which can help to widen their social networks and reduce social isolation. This study examined the characteristics and challenges encountered by befriending services in the United Kingdom and motivations and experiences of volunteers working with people with ID.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study using two separate online surveys, one for befriending services and one for volunteers.ResultsEight services and 58 volunteers (aged 15 to 72) responded to the survey. The two major issues faced by befriending services were related to funding and recruitment of volunteers. The most common volunteering motivation was “To give something back” (75.9%). While unemployed volunteers were more likely to be motivated by wanting to do something useful with their spare time (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.09–12.05), young volunteers expressed wanting to gain work experience through volunteering (OR 11.37, 95% CI 1.31–98.59). Most volunteers reported that volunteering had a positive impact on them and would like to continue volunteering in the future. Both positive and negative volunteer experiences were explored.DiscussionVolunteers experienced unique difficulties in interacting with service users with ID due to physical and cognitive barriers. More training and support could be provided to volunteers to help them manage these difficulties and to improve outcomes and experiences of both volunteers and individuals with ID. Policy guidance should be developed on how to set up high‐quality befriending services for this group.
Correlation of self‐ and interspecific incompatibility among sympatric Hedyotis species (Rubiaceae) and consequences for hybridization
Authors: Dias Mahadura A. , Saunders Richard M. K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreakdown of self‐incompatibility increases opportunities for both self‐fertilization and interspecific hybridization, although the latter is dependent on the extent of competition between heterospecific and conspecific pollen. We investigate the mating system and pollination biology of five phylogenetically closely related species within a distylous species complex in Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) in southern China. The complex comprises Hedyotis acutangula Champ. ex Benth., Hedyotis shiuyingiae T.Chen, Hedyotis vachellii (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, and two putative hybrid species, Hedyotis bodinieri (H.Lév.) Chun and Hedyotis loganioides Benth., hypothesized to result from interbreeding between these species. We test the hypothesis that the breakdown of self‐ and interspecific incompatibilities in sympatric Hedyotis species might allow interspecific hybridization in natural populations. We assessed the extent of self‐ and interspecific incompatibility in sympatric populations, including investigations of spontaneous and artificial self‐pollination, geitonogamy, inter‐ and intramorph xenogamy. Artificial interspecific crosses were undertaken between H. acutangula, H. shiuyingiae, and H. bodinieri, between H. acutangula and H. vachellii, and between H. acutangula and H. loganioides. Hedyotis acutangula is demonstrated to be self‐ and interspecific compatible, whereas H. vachellii, H. bodinieri, and H. loganioides are self‐compatible and interspecific incompatible; H. shiuyingiae, in contrast, is strictly self‐ and interspecific incompatible. Comparisons of pollen tube growth rates in hybridizing species‐pairs revealed that heterospecific pollen of H. shiuyingiae, H. vachellii, and H. bodinieri can compete with conspecific self‐pollen of H. acutangula. Our study therefore indicates that the breakdown of self‐incompatibility directly and indirectly facilitates interspecific hybridization and provides a platform for better understanding evolutionary directionality in Hedyotis.