bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of utilizing ultra-low-dose contrast medium for pancreatic artery depiction using the combination of advanced virtual monoenergetic imaging and high-concentration contrast medium: an intra-patient study
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Yu-hong , Zheng Fu-ling , Chen Xin-yue , Lin Yun , Zhu Cai-rong , Wu Yi-fan , Xu Qiang , Jin Zheng-yu , Xue Hua-dan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The least amount of contrast medium (CM) should be used under the premise of adequate diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing ultra-low-dose (224 mgI/kg) CM for pancreatic artery depiction using the combination of advanced virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI+) and high-concentration (400 mgI/mL) CM.

Materials and methods
41 patients who underwent both normal dose CM (ND-CM, 320 mgI/kg) and low dose CM (LD-CM, 224 mgI/kg) thoracoabdominal enhanced CT for tumor follow-up were prospectively included. The VMI+ at the energy level of 40-kev for LD-CM images was reconstructed. CT attenuation, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the abdominal artery, celiac artery, and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and qualitative scores of pancreatic arteries depiction were recorded and compared among the three groups (ND-CM, LD-CM, and VMI+ LD-CM images). ANOVA and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results
All quantitative and qualitative parameters on LD-CM images were lower than that on ND-CM images (all p < 0.01). There were no significant differences of all arteries’ qualitative scores between ND-CM and VMI+ LD-CM images (all p > 0.05). VMI+ LD-CM images had the highest mean CT and CNR values of all arteries (all p < 0.0001). The CM volume was 52.6 ± 9.4 mL for the ND-CM group and 37.0 ± 6.7 mL for the LD-CM group.

Conclusion
Ultra-low-dose CM (224 mgI/kg) was feasible for depicting pancreatic arteries. Inferior angiographic image quality could be successfully compensated by VMI+ and high-concentration CM.
Pneumatosis intestinalis associated with lenvatinib during thyroid cancer treatment: a case report
Authors: Toda Soji , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Murayama Daisuke , Isoda Maya , Nakayama Hirotaka , Suganuma Nobuyasu , Masudo Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare disease characterized by gas-filled cysts within the submucosa or serosa of the intestinal tract. In recent years, pneumatosis intestinalis was reported in patients undergoing cancer treatment, and some case reports exist that report that pneumatosis intestinalis occurs during administration of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, such as bevacizumab and sunitinib. Here, we report the first case of pneumatosis intestinalis during lenvatinib treatment.

Case presentation
A 77-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of numbness in the right leg and weakness of the lower limbs 9 years after right thyroid lobectomy. Computed tomography showed a tumor 90 mm in size from the lumbar spine to the sacrum, causing spinal cord compression. Blood tests showed that the patient’s thyroglobulin level was increased to 11,600 ng/ml. We diagnosed him with thyroid cancer with bone metastases. External beam radiotherapy (39 Gy/13 Fr) was performed on the bone metastases, followed by total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. Four months after radioactive iodine therapy, lenvatinib was introduced because the symptoms of numbness and weakness recurred. Lenvatinib was introduced at dose of 24 mg, and then it was reduced to 14 mg owing to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event grade 3 paronychia of the right foot. Although no further significant adverse events occurred, a scheduled computed tomography image showed pneumatosis intestinalis of the ascending colon 14 weeks after the introduction of lenvatinib. No abdominal or digestive symptoms were observed; therefore, we selected conservative treatment. We discontinued lenvatinib for a week, but we were required to restart lenvatinib as the numbness in the right leg worsened after withdrawal. Since the introduction of lenvatinib, 3 years and 5 months passed; we continued lenvatinib treatment, and the therapeutic effect remains partial response. There has been no recurrence of pneumatosis intestinalis.

Conclusions
Although rare, it is important to recognize that pneumatosis intestinalis can occur in association with lenvatinib and should be differentiated from intestinal perforation. Pneumatosis intestinalis association with lenvatinib can be improved by withdrawal.
Immune response to allogeneic equine mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Kamm J. Lacy , Riley Christopher B. , Parlane Natalie A. , Gee Erica K. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are believed to be hypoimmunogeneic with potential use for allogeneic administration.

Methods
Bone marrow was harvested from Connemara (n = 1), Standardbred (n = 6), and Thoroughbred (n = 3) horses. MSCs were grouped by their level of expression of major histocompatibility factor II (MHC II). MSCs were then sub-grouped by those MSCs derived from universal blood donor horses. MSCs were isolated and cultured using media containing fetal bovine serum until adequate numbers were acquired. The MSCs were cultured in xenogen-free media for 48 h prior to use and during all assays. Autologous and allogeneic MSCs were then directly co-cultured with responder leukocytes from the Connemara horse in varying concentrations of MSCs to leukocytes (1:1, 1:10, and 1:100). MSCs were also cultured with complement present and heat-inactivated complement to determine whether complement alone would decrease MSC viability. MSCs underwent haplotyping of their equine leukocyte antigen (ELA) to determine whether the MHC factors were matched or mismatched between the donor MSCs and the responder leukocytes.

Results
All allogeneic MSCs were found to be ELA mismatched with the responder leukocytes. MHC II-low and universal blood donor MSCs caused no peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, no increase in B cells, and no activation of CD8 lymphocytes. Universal blood donor MSCs stimulated a significant increase in the number of T regulatory cells. Neutrophil interaction with MSCs showed that universal blood donor and MHC II-high allogeneic MSCs at the 6 h time point in co-culture caused greater neutrophil activation than the other co-culture groups. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity did not consistently cause MSC death in cultures with active complement as compared to those with inactivated complement. Gene expression assays revealed that the universal blood donor group and the MHC II-low MSCs were more metabolically active both in the anabolic and catabolic gene categories when cultured with allogeneic lymphocytes as compared to the other co-cultures. These upregulated genes included CD59, FGF-2, HGF, IDO, IL-10, IL-RA, IL-2, SOX2, TGF-β1, ADAMSTS-4, ADAMSTS-5, CCL2, CXCLB/IL-8, IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα.

Conclusions
MHC II-low MSCs are the most appropriate type of allogeneic MSC to prevent activation of the innate and cell-mediated component of the adaptive immune systems and have increased gene expression as compared to other allogeneic MSCs.
DrugEx v2: de novo design of drug molecules by Pareto-based multi-objective reinforcement learning in polypharmacology
Authors: Liu Xuhan , Ye Kai , van Vlijmen Herman W. T. , Emmerich Michael T. M. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , van Westen Gerard J. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn polypharmacology drugs are required to bind to multiple specific targets, for example to enhance efficacy or to reduce resistance formation. Although deep learning has achieved a breakthrough in de novo design in drug discovery, most of its applications only focus on a single drug target to generate drug-like active molecules. However, in reality drug molecules often interact with more than one target which can have desired (polypharmacology) or undesired (toxicity) effects. In a previous study we proposed a new method named DrugEx that integrates an exploration strategy into RNN-based reinforcement learning to improve the diversity of the generated molecules. Here, we extended our DrugEx algorithm with multi-objective optimization to generate drug-like molecules towards multiple targets or one specific target while avoiding off-targets (the two adenosine receptors, A1AR and A2AAR, and the potassium ion channel hERG in this study). In our model, we applied an RNN as the agent and machine learning predictors as the environment. Both the agent and the environment were pre-trained in advance and then interplayed under a reinforcement learning framework. The concept of evolutionary algorithms was merged into our method such that crossover and mutation operations were implemented by the same deep learning model as the agent. During the training loop, the agent generates a batch of SMILES-based molecules. Subsequently scores for all objectives provided by the environment are used to construct Pareto ranks of the generated molecules. For this ranking a non-dominated sorting algorithm and a Tanimoto-based crowding distance algorithm using chemical fingerprints are applied. Here, we adopted GPU acceleration to speed up the process of Pareto optimization. The final reward of each molecule is calculated based on the Pareto ranking with the ranking selection algorithm. The agent is trained under the guidance of the reward to make sure it can generate desired molecules after convergence of the training process. All in all we demonstrate generation of compounds with a diverse predicted selectivity profile towards multiple targets, offering the potential of high efficacy and low toxicity.
Volcanic hazard assessment for tephra fallout in Martinique
Authors: Michaud-Dubuy Audrey , Carazzo Guillaume , Kaminski Edouard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMount Pelée (Martinique) is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles arc with more than 34 magmatic events in the last 24,000 years, including the deadliest eruption of the 20th century. The current volcanic hazard map used in the civil security plan puts the emphasis on the volcanic hazard close to the volcano. This map is however based on an incomplete eruptive history and does not take into account the variability of the expected source conditions (mass eruption rate, total erupted mass, and grain-size distribution) or the wind effect on ash dispersal. We propose here to refine the volcanic hazard map for tephra fallout by using the 2-D model of ash dispersal HAZMAP. We first simulate the maximum expected eruptive scenario at Mount Pelée (i.e., the P3 eruption) using a seasonal wind profile. Building upon the good agreement with field data, we compute probability maps based on this maximum expected scenario, which show that tephra fallout hazard could threaten not only areas close to the volcano but also the southern part of Martinique. We then use a comprehensive approach based on 16 eruptive scenarios that include new field constraints obtained in the recent years on the past Plinian eruptions of Mount Pelée volcano. Each eruptive scenario considers different values of total erupted mass and mass eruption rate, and is characterized by a given probability of occurrence estimated from the refined eruptive history of the volcano. The 1979-2019 meteorological ERA-5 database is used to further take into account the daily variability of winds. These new probability maps show that the area of probable total destruction is wider when considering the 16 scenarios compared to the maximum expected scenario. The southern part of Martinique, although less threatened than when considering the maximum expected scenario, would still be impacted both by tephra fallout and by its high dependence on the water and electrical network carried from the northern part of the island. Finally, we show that key infrastructures in Martinique (such as the international airport) have a non-negligible probability of being impacted by a future Plinian eruption of the Mount Pelée. These results provide strong arguments for and will support significant and timely reconceiving of the emergency procedures as the local authorities have now placed Mount Pelée volcano on alert level yellow (vigilance) based on increased seismicity and tremor-type signals.
Peer support for smoking cessation: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seo Hyun-Ju , Kim Soo Young , Park Dongah , Sheen Seung-Soo , Choi Miyoung , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Lee Su Jung , Cha Youngju 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Peer-support programs are a useful social support strategy for populations trying to quit smoking who are willing to maintain smoking abstinence. This study is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of peer support for smoking cessation.

Methods
This protocol will be conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions 6.2. We will conduct a comprehensive search in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ovidEmbase, PsycINFO, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ovidMEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Open Grey, as well as the Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions in EPPI-Centre, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and reference lists of included papers. The review will include randomized controlled trials of peer support interventions aimed to stop smoking in any population. Two reviewers will independently screen and select relevant studies. Version 2 of the Cochrane tool that assesses risk of bias in randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The primary outcomes will be defined as the tobacco abstinence rate and adverse events. If a quantitative synthesis is not appropriate, a synthesis without meta-analysis will be undertaken.

Discussion
This review will provide the best available evidence regarding the effects of peer support interventions to quit smoking. The results from this study will help to inform healthcare providers on the optimal peer support intervention modalities such as intensity, delivery methods, type of support provider, and duration of the intervention.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020196288
From research to practice: a model for clinical implementation of evidence-based outpatient interventions for eating disorders
Authors: Anderson Kristen E. , Desai Sara G. , Zalaznik Rodie , Zielinski Natalia , Loeb Katharine L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
A question frequently raised in the field is whether evidence-based interventions have adequate translational capacity for delivery in real-world settings where patients are presumed to be more complex, clinicians less specialized, and multidisciplinary teams less coordinated. The dual purpose of this article is to (a) outline a model for implementing evidence-driven, outpatient treatments for eating disorders in a non-academic clinical setting, and (b) report indicators of feasibility and quality of care.

Main Body
Since our inception (2015), we have completed nearly 1000 phone intakes, with first-quarter 2021 data suggesting an increase in the context of COVID-19. Our caseload for the practice currently consists of approximately 200 active patients ranging from 6 to 66 years of age. While the center serves a transdiagnostic and trans-developmental eating disorder population, modal concerns for which we receive inquiries are Anorexia Nervosa and Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, with the most common age range for prospective patients spanning childhood through late adolescence/emerging adulthood; correspondingly, the modal intervention employed is Family-based treatment. Our team for each case consists, at a minimum, of a primary internal therapist and a physician external to the center.

Short Conclusion
We will describe our processes of recruiting, training and coordinating team members, of ensuring ongoing fidelity to evidence-based interventions, and of training the next generation of clinicians. Future research will focus on a formal assessment of patient outcomes, with comparison to benchmark outcomes from randomized controlled trials.
Nanopore sequencing for the screening of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FGFR1 or PCM1-JAK2
Authors: Romagnoli Simone , Bartalucci Niccolò , Gesullo Francesca , Balliu Manjola , Bonifacio Stefania , Fernandez Anair Graciela Lema , Mannelli Francesco , Bolognini Davide , Pelo Elisabetta , Mecucci Cristina , Guglielmelli Paola , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEosinophilia represents a group of diseases with heterogeneous pathobiology and clinical phenotypes. Among the alterations found in primary Eosinophilia, gene fusions involving PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FGFR1 or JAK2 represent the biomarkers of WHO-defined “myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia”. The heterogeneous nature of genomic aberrations and the promiscuity of fusion partners, may limit the diagnostic accuracy of current cytogenetics approaches. To address such technical challenges, we exploited a nanopore-based sequencing assay to screen patients with primary Eosinophilia. The comprehensive sequencing approach described here enables the identification of genomic fusion in 60 h, starting from DNA purified from whole blood.
Prevalence and incidence of idiopathic subglottic stenosis in southern and central Alberta: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Ryan K. , Ahrens Beau , MacEachern Paul , Bosch J. Douglas , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: November 2021

Background Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a reportedly rare disease that causes recurrent severe airway obstruction. Etiologies reported for SGS include idiopathic, iatrogenic, autoimmune, congenital, and traumatic, with variable ratios among different centres. From empiric observation, southern and central Alberta was hypothesized to have a disproportionate distribution of SGS driven by increased idiopathic SGS (iSGS) compared to previous literature. Identification of causative agents of iSGS will help understand and guide future management options, so this study aimed to characterize the demographics of SGS subtypes, define prevalence and incidence rates of iSGS in southern Alberta, and geographically analyze for clustering of iSGS prevalence. Methods SGS patients from Alberta census divisions No. 1–9 and 15 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subtyped according to etiology of SGS and characterized. Idiopathic SGS prevalence and incidence was assessed; prevalence was further geographically segregated by census division and forward sortation area (FSA). Significant clustering patterns were assessed for using a Global Moran's I analysis. Results From 2010 to 2019 we identified 250 SGS patients, who were substantially overrepresented by idiopathic patients (80.4%) compared to autoimmune (10.0%), iatrogenic (7.6%), congenital (1.2%), and traumatic (0.8%). The total iSGS prevalence was 9.28/100,000 with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.71/100,000 per year. Significant clustering was observed (Moran's index 0.125; z-score 2.832; p = 0.0046) and the highest rates of prevalence were observed in southern Alberta and in rural communities heterogeneously dispersed around Calgary FSAs. Conclusion In southern and central Alberta, iSGS patients were disproportionately over-represented in contrast to other subtypes with the highest prevalence in southern Alberta. There was a three-fold higher annual incidence compared to previous literature demonstrating the highest rates of disease reported worldwide. Future research aims to expand the geographical scope and to assess for demographic or environmental differences within significant clusters that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Level of evidence III. Graphical Abstract
Discerning the painter’s hand: machine learning on surface topography
Authors: Ji F. , McMaster M. S. , Schwab S. , Singh G. , Smith L. N. , Adhikari S. , O’Dwyer M. , Sayed F. , Ingrisano A. , Yoder D. , Bolman E. S. , Martin I. T. , Hinczewski M. , Singer K. D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Attribution of paintings is a critical problem in art history. This study extends machine learning analysis to surface topography of painted works. A controlled study of positive attribution was designed with paintings produced by a class of art students. The paintings were scanned using a chromatic confocal optical profilometer to produce surface height data. The surface data were divided into virtual patches and used to train an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for attribution. Over a range of square patch sizes from 0.5 to 60 mm, the resulting attribution was found to be 60–96% accurate, and, when comparing regions of different color, was nearly twice as accurate as CNNs using color images of the paintings. Remarkably, short length scales, even as small as a bristle diameter, were the key to reliably distinguishing among artists. These results show promise for real-world attribution, particularly in the case of workshop practice.
Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis
Authors: Galarraga-Vinueza Maria Elisa , Obreja Karina , Khoury Chantal , Begic Amira , Ramanauskaite Ausra , Sculean Anton , Schwarz Frank 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of macrophage expression and polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a 6 month follow-up.

Methods
A total of fourteen patients (n = 14 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis underwent access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal, implantoplasty, and augmentation at intra-bony components using a natural derived bone mineral and application of a native collagen membrane during a standardized surgical procedure. Granulation tissue biopsies were prepared for immunohistochemical characterization and macrophage polarization assessment. M1 and M2 phenotype expression was identified and quantified through immunohistochemical markers and histomorphometrical analyses. Clinical evaluation and data collection were performed initially and after a healing period of 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed to associate infiltrated area, macrophage, and M1/M2 phenotype influence on peri-implant tissue healing parameters after a 6-month follow-up.

Results
Mean infiltrated compartment (ICT) values occupied a total percentage of 70.3% ± 13.0 in the analyzed granulation tissue biopsies. Macrophages occupied a mean area of 15.3% ± 7.0. M1 and M2 phenotypes were present in 7.1 ± 4.1% and 5.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between M1 and M2% expression (p = 0.16). The mean M1/ M2 ratio amounted to 1.5 ± 0.8. Surgical therapy was associated with statistically significant reductions in mean bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and suppuration (SUPP) scores at 6 months (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between macrophage expression (CD68%) and changes in PD scores and M1 (%) expression and changes in mucosal recession (MR) scores at 6 months.

Conclusions
The present data suggest that macrophages might influence peri-implant tissue healing mechanisms following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a short-term period. Particularly, changes in PD and MR scores were statistically significantly associated with macrophage expression and phenotype.

Graphical Abstract