bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying patterns behind the changes in skin pores using 3‐dimensional measurements and K‐means clustering
Authors: Lee Seongwoo , Cherel Marie , Gougeon Sarah , Jeong Euitaek , LIM Jun‐Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin pores are structural features of the skin, which tend to change as the skin ages. Since previous studies measured pores two‐dimensionally, precise measurements using three‐dimensional imaging were needed to comprehensively understand skin pores. This study aimed to determine the patterns behind the changes in skin pores during one's lifetime and to identify new characteristics of the pores in aged.Materials and MethodsSkin surface profiles were measured three‐dimensionally from the cheeks of 101 Korean women from February to March 2020 to analyze the exact state of their pores. The researchers performed K‐means clustering to classify the skin pores, and topographical features of pores were analyzed as well. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the differences in the skin pore characteristics among clusters and the correlation between clusters and ages.ResultsSkin pores were classified into five groups based on size, density, and elongation. The skin conditions of the cluster groups were well correlated with aging, despite excluding age as a factor in pore classification. Adjacent skin pores tend to connect in the elderly.ConclusionSkin pores become larger and longer over time. Skin pores connect together in the elderly, which might be related to wrinkle formation. This phenomenon strongly suggests skin pores as a characteristic of aging skin and as a potential target for anti‐aging treatment.
Do social constructions and gender mainstreaming in policy design affect the evaluation of the policy process? An analysis of a policy intervention in a postconflict society
Authors: Mendez Nathalie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe theory of social constructionism has been consolidated as an appropriate tool for understanding policy design, implementation, and evaluation. However, there is little empirical research about the implications of social construction on policy evaluation. The objective of the article is to contribute to the literature in public policy and gender studies by defining the impact of gender as a social construct and gender mainstreaming in public policy on beneficiaries' evaluation of the policy process.MethodsI conducted a study of the institutional design of Colombia's policy of assistance to victims of civil war and a quantitative analysis, through ordered logit and logistic regression models, to identify how gender mainstreaming and social constructions affect the evaluation of the policy process measured as the satisfaction levels with the process of application to policy assistance.ResultsThe article confirms the hypothesis that positive social constructions‐in this case, the construction of women victims‐reinforced by a strong institutional design make bureaucrats administer the policy differently to specific groups. As expected, women have more levels of satisfaction with the policy process. However, this effect is not significant for other social constructions such as ethnicity and the elderly.ConclusionResearch in this topic should consider the differential effect of certain social constructions on policy evaluation based on how policy design crystallizes symbolic and material messages that benefit some groups.
“Visualization” of SDGs-related Patent Technologies by Natural Language Processing Technology
Authors: MAEHARA Yoshiaki , KUKU Atsushi , OSABE Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2021

SDGs is an abbreviation for “Sustainable Development Goals”, which were adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015. They were set as goals to be achieved by the 193 United Nations Member States during the 15-year period from 2016 to 2030. Technological innovation is indispensable for the realization of the SDGs, but at present, it is unclear where (countries and companies) and to what extent SDG-related technologies are available. For this reason, we used BERT, a natural language processing technology, and Japanese patent publications we own and worked on the "visualization" of the SDGs technologies in Japan. The results show that out of the 17 SDGs goals, patents can contribute to Goals 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 13.
Functional stability of CFTR depends on tight binding of ATP at its degenerate ATP‐binding site
Authors: Yeh Han‐I , Yu Ying‐Chun , Kuo Pei‐Lun , Tsai Chun‐Kuang , Huang Hsin‐Tuan , Hwang Tzyh‐Chang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpening of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is coupled to the motion of its two nucleotide‐binding domains: they form a heterodimer sandwiching two functionally distinct ATP‐binding sites (sites 1 and 2). While active ATP hydrolysis in site 2 triggers rapid channel closure, the functional role of stable ATP binding in the catalysis‐incompetent (or degenerate) site 1, a feature conserved in many other ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, remains elusive. Here, we found that CFTR loses its prompt responsiveness to ATP after the channel is devoid of ATP for tens to hundreds of seconds. Mutants with weakened ATP binding in site 1 and the most prevalent disease‐causing mutation, F508del, are more vulnerable to ATP depletion. In contrast, strengthening ligand binding in site 1 with N6‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐ATP, a high‐affinity ATP analogue, or abolishing ATP hydrolysis in site 2 by the mutation D1370N, helps sustain a durable function of the otherwise unstable mutant channels. Thus, tight binding of ATP in the degenerate ATP‐binding site is crucial to the functional stability of CFTR. Small molecules targeting site 1 may bear therapeutic potential to overcome the membrane instability of F508del‐CFTR.
imageKey points
During evolution, many ATP‐binding cassette transporters – including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, whose dysfunction causes cystic fibrosis (CF) – lose the ability to hydrolyse ATP in one of the two ATP‐binding sites.
Here we show that tight ATP binding at this degenerate site in CFTR is central for maintaining the stable, robust function of normal CFTR.
We also demonstrate that membrane instability of the most common CF‐causing mutant, F508del‐CFTR, can be rescued by strengthening ATP binding at CFTR's degenerate site.
Our data thus explain an evolutionary puzzle and offer a potential therapeutic strategy for CF.
Global biotic events evident in the Paleogene marine strata of the eastern San Francisco Bay area, California
Authors: McDougall Kristin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Paleogene marine strata in the eastern San Francisco Bay area are exposed in discontinuous outcrops in the various tectonic blocks. Although there are many missing intervals, the strata were previously thought to span most of the Paleocene and Eocene. Revision of biochronology and calibration to the international time scale as well as to the global oxygen isotope curve and sea-level curves indicate that the strata are latest Paleocene through middle Eocene in age and contain faunal changes that are linked to the overall global climate trends and hyperthermals of that time. The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, third Eocene thermal maximum, early Eocene climatic optimum, and middle Eocene climatic optimum are all identified in the eastern San Francisco Bay marine strata. The dominance of smoothly finished, dissolution-resistant agglutinated benthic foraminiferal species corresponds with a rapid shoaling and rapid deepening (overcorrection) of the calcium compensation depth associated with the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. The benthic foraminiferal extinction event was a dramatic turnover of benthic foraminiferal species that occurred shortly after the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Opportunistic species such as Bulimina, which indicate environmental stress and lower oxygen conditions, are commonly associated with the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Environmental changes similar to those observed during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum also characterize the third Eocene thermal maximum, based on the agglutinated and opportunistic species. The early Eocene climatic optimum is noted by the presence of foraminiferal assemblages that indicate a stable, warmer water mass, abundant food, and an influx of terrigenous material. The onset and end of the middle Eocene climatic optimum are recognized by the dominance of siliceous microfossils. This research updates the age and environmental interpretations of the Paleogene formations occurring in the vicinity of Mount Diablo, eastern San Francisco Bay area. The revised interpretations, which are based on foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton, make it possible to identify various global climatic and biotic events.
Late Cenozoic tephrochronology of the Mount Diablo area within the evolving plate-tectonic boundary zone of northern California
Authors: Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M. , Sullivan Raymond , Deino Alan , Walkup Laura C. , Wagner J. Ross , Wan Elmira 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a tephrochronologic/chronostratigraphic database for the Mount Diablo area and greater San Francisco Bay region that provides a spatial and temporal framework for geologic studies in the region, including stratigraphy, paleogeography, tectonics, quantification of earth surface processes, recurrence of natural hazards, and climate change. We identified and correlated 34 tephra layers within this region using the chemical composition of their volcanic glasses, stratigraphic sequence, and isotopic and other dating techniques. Tephra layers range in age from ca. 65 ka to ca. 29 Ma, as determined by direct radiometric techniques or by correlation to sites where they have been dated. The tephra layers are of Quaternary or Neogene age except for two that are of Oligocene age. We correlated the tephra layers among numerous sites throughout northern California. Source areas of the tephra layers are the Snake River–Yellowstone hotspot trend of northern Nevada, southern Idaho, and western Wyoming; the Nevadaplano caldera complex of central Nevada; the Jemez Mountains–Valles Caldera in northwestern New Mexico; the Southern Nevada volcanic field and related source areas in eastern California and west-central Nevada; the Quien Sabe–Sonoma volcanic centers of the California Coast Ranges; and the young Cascade Range volcanic centers of northeastern California and Oregon.
Numerical Solution Methods for a Nonlinear Operator Equation Arising in an Inverse Coefficient Problem
Authors: Gavrilov S. V. , Denisov A. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider the inverse problem of determining two unknown coefficients in a linear
system of partial differential equations using additional information about one of the solution
components. The problem is reduced to a nonlinear operator equation for one of the unknown
coefficients. The successive approximation method and the Newton method are used to solve this
operator equation numerically. Results of calculations illustrating the convergence of numerical
methods for solving the inverse problem are presented.
Individualised decision making: interpretation of risk for extremely preterm infants—a survey of UK neonatal professionals
Authors: Wood Katherine , Di Stefano Lydia Mietta , Mactier Helen , Bates Sarah Elizabeth , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM) published a revised framework for perinatal management of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) in 2019. We aimed to assess UK neonatal professionals’ interpretation of elements of this framework, as well as the consistency of their estimates of outcome for EPIs.MethodsAn online survey gave participants five cases involving anticipated extremely preterm birth with different favourable and unfavourable risk factors. Respondents were asked to assign a risk category and management option using the BAPM framework and to estimate the chance of survival if the baby received active resuscitation and the chance of severe disability if they survived.ResultsRespondents were consistent in interpretation of risk categories. The majority would follow parental wishes about management. Management decisions did not always correspond with risk assessment, with less inclination to recommend palliative (comfort) care. There were wide estimates of survival or severe disability (5%–90%) with consultants providing lower estimates of severe disability than other groups.ConclusionUK neonatal professionals deferred to parental wishes in the cases presented, indicating an emphasis on shared decision making. However, they did not necessarily use the risk stratification approach for management decisions. Variation in estimates of outcome raises questions about the accuracy of informed decision making and suggests support is needed for UK clinicians to incorporate risk factors into individualised counselling. There may be value in validating existing online risk calculators for UK infants or in developing a UK specific risk model.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use is associated with reduced risk for glaucoma
Authors: Sterling Jacob , Hua Peiying , Dunaief Joshua L , Cui Qi N , VanderBeek Brian L 
Published: August 2021

Background/aimsGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists regulate blood glucose and are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent work showed that treatment with the GLP-1R agonist NLY01 decreased retinal neuroinflammation and glial activation to rescue retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of glaucoma. In this study, we used an insurance claims database (Clinformatics Data Mart) to examine whether GLP-1R agonist exposure impacts glaucoma risk.MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients who initiated a new GLP-1R agonist was 1:3 age, gender, race, classes of active diabetes medications and year of index date matched to patients who initiated a different class of oral diabetic medication. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used within a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model to test the association between GLP-1R agonist exposure and a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucoma suspect or low-tension glaucoma.ResultsCohorts were comprised of 1961 new users of GLP-1R agonists matched to 4371 unexposed controls. After IPTW, all variables were balanced (standard mean deviation <|0.1|) between cohorts. Ten (0.51%) new diagnoses of glaucoma were present in the GLP-1R agonist cohort compared with 58 (1.33%) in the unexposed controls. After adjustment, GLP-1R exposure conferred a reduced hazard of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.89, p=0.01), suggesting that GLP-1R agonists decrease the risk for glaucoma.ConclusionsGLP-1R agonist use was associated with a statistically significant hazard reduction for a new diagnosis of glaucoma. Our findings support further investigations into the use of GLP-1R agonists in glaucoma prevention.
Impact of a culturally tailored parenting programme on the mental health of Somali parents and children living in Sweden: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Vixner Linda , Flacking Renee , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Schön Ulla-Karin , Salari Raziye 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact (3-year follow-up) of a culturally tailored parenting support programme (Ladnaan) on the mental health of Somali-born parents and their children living in Sweden.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study, Somali-born parents with children aged 11–16 were followed up 3 years after they had participated in the Ladnaan intervention. The Ladnaan intervention comprises two main components: societal information and the Connect parenting programme delivered using a culturally sensitive approach. It consists of 12 weekly group-based sessions each lasting 1–2 hours. The primary outcome was improved mental health in children, as measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The secondary outcome was improved mental health in parents, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12. Data were collected from the parent’s perspective.ResultsOf the 60 parents who were originally offered the intervention, 51 were included in this long-term follow-up. The one-way repeated measures (baseline to the 3-year follow-up) analysis of variance for the CBCL confirmed maintenance of all the treatment gains for children: total problem scores (95% CI 11.49 to 18.00, d=1.57), and externalising problems (95% CI 2.48 to 5.83, d=0.86). Similar results were observed for the parents’ mental health (95% CI 0.40 to 3.11, d=0.46).ConclusionPositive changes in the mental health of Somali-born parents and their children were maintained 3 years after they had participated in a parenting support programme that was culturally tailored and specifically designed to address their needs. Our findings highlight the long-term potential benefits of these programmes in tackling mental health issues in immigrant families.Trial registration numberNCT02114593.
Physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence against women and girls: a systematic review protocol for producing global, regional and country estimates
Authors: Stöckl Heidi , Sardinha Lynnmarie , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Meyer Sarah R , García-Moreno Claudia 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionIn 2013, the WHO published the first global and regional estimates on physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) based on a systematic review of population-based prevalence studies. In this protocol, we describe a new systematic review for the production of updated estimates for IPV and NPSV for global monitoring of violence against women, including providing the baseline for measuring Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will update and extend the previous search for population-based surveys (either nationally or subnationally representative) conducted among women aged 15+ years that measured the prevalence of physical, sexual, psychological and physical and/or sexual IPV, NPSV or sexual violence by any perpetrator up to December 2019. Data will be extracted separately for all age groups, setting (urban/rural), partnership status (currently partnered/ever partnered/all women) and recall period (lifetime prevalence/past 12 months). Studies will be identified from electronic searches of online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health and PsycInfo. A search of national statistics office homepages will be conducted for each country to identify reports on population-based, national or subnational studies that include data on IPV or NPSV published outside academic journals. Two reviewers will be involved in quality assessment and data extraction of the review. The review is planned to be updated on a continuous basis. All findings will undergo a country consultation process.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. This systematic review will provide a basis and a follow-up tool for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 5.2 on the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054100.
IgG4-related disease: an analysis of the clinicopathological spectrum: UK centre experience
Authors: Dassanayaka Wajira , Liyanaarachchi Kanchana Sanjeewani , Ala Aftab , Bagwan Izhar N 
Published: August 2021

AimTo retrospectively evaluate the characteristic clinicopathological spectrum in patients with suspicion of IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD).MethodsWinpath histology database from January 2011 to April 2018 identified all suspected IgG4RD cases wherein IgG4 immunohistochemistry was performed. The histology slides were reviewed to categorise cases into Boston criteria groups—highly suggestive of IgG4RD, probable IgG4RD and insufficient evidence. Information regarding clinical data, treatment received, follow-up and serum IgG4 levels was obtained from medical records and AllScripts Patient Administration System (APAS) clinical database.ResultsThe study included 204 patients and the most common sites of biopsy/resection were pancreas and duodenum. The most common clinical presentation was fibroinflammatory lesion or mass/lump. On histology, 54/204 (26.47%) cases showed typical storiform fibrosis, 65/204 (32.64%) had >10 IgG4+ plasma cells per high power field and only one case showed thrombophlebitis (0.49%). There were 14/204 (6.78%) cases categorised as highly suggestive of IgG4RD; 8 of these showed high serum IgG4 levels and were managed clinically as true IgG4RD.ConclusionHistological diagnosis of IgG4RD remains challenging, as not all characteristic features are always present especially in small biopsies. Due to the novelty of its experience, fear of over diagnosis in the context of malignancy and features overlapping with diseases of similar clinical scenario, diagnosis of IgG4RD has become more puzzling. Further multicentre clinical trials/studies are advisable.
Cystathionine β-synthase mediated PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 inactivation suppresses Tregs infiltration and induces apoptosis to inhibit HCC carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhou Yu-Fu , Song Shu-Shu , Tian Meng-Xin , Tang Zheng , Wang Han , Fang Yuan , Qu Wei-Feng , Jiang Xi-Fei , Tao Chen-Yang , Huang Run , Zhou Pei-Yun , Zhu Shi-Guo , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Liu Wei-Ren , Shi Ying-Hong 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by inflammation and immunopathogenesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that the cystathionine β-synthase/hydrogen sulfide (CBS/H2S) axis is involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, roles of CBS in HCC development and immune evasion have not been systematically investigated, and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of CBS in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment of HCC.Methods236 HCC samples were collected to detect the expression of CBS, cleaved Caspase-3 and paired related homeobox 2 (PRRX2) and the number of immune cells. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of CBS on cellular viability, apoptosis and signaling in vitro. Cbs heterozygous knockout mice, C57BL/6 mice, nude mice and non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice were used to investigate the in vivo functions of CBS.ResultsDownregulation of CBS was observed in HCC, and low expression of CBS predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. CBS overexpression dramatically promoted cellular apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Activation of the Cbs/H2S axis also reduced the abundance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while Cbs deficiency promoted Tregs-mediated immune evasion and boosted tumor growth in Cbs heterozygous knockout mice. Mechanistically, CBS facilitated the expression cleaved Caspase-3 in tumor cells, and on the other hand, suppressed Foxp3 expression in Tregs via inactivating IL-6/STAT3 pathway. As a transcription factor of IL-6, PRRX2 was reduced by CBS. Additionally, miR-24-3p was proven to be an upstream suppressor of CBS in HCC.ConclusionsOur results indicate the antitumor function of CBS in HCC by inactivation of the PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 pathway, which may serve as a potential target for HCC clinical immunotherapy.