bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crise, critique, mélancolie
Authors: Labrusse Rémi 
Published: February 2021

La parution de deux ouvrages (Andrea Bubenik, Mitchell B. Merback) consacrés à la gravure Melencolia I d’Albrecht Dürer (1514) est l’occasion de réfléchir au destin et à l’actualité de l’une des plus célèbres images de la modernité occidentale. À partir de là, la notion de mélancolie, retravaillée par la psychanalyse et la phénoménologie, apparaît comme un enjeu épistémologique pour le discours de l’histoire de l’art (Michael Ann Holly) et pour la compréhension d’artistes majeurs du xxe siècle comme Picabia (Aurélie Verdier). Une hypothèse est proposée : si la mélancolie peut être considérée comme l’affect fondamental de la conscience occidentale moderne, c’est parce qu’elle fournit son mode d’existence le plus exact au basculement fatal de l’esprit critique, propre à la culture scientifique, en état de crise. Cette notion paradoxale d’état de crise est alors déployée du point de vue de la temporalité et du rapport aux objets. Enfin, la question est posée d’un possible dépassement de la mélancolie dans la pensée contemporaine (Paul Gilroy).
Correlation between dermatoglyphic pattern and dental caries among dental students in a dental college in Mangalore
Authors: Sampath Pavitra , Shabu Aneesh , Varma Manoj , Varma Lavanya 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by a microbial infestation of the teeth. It has been found that some individuals have a genetic predilection for being affected by caries. The fingerprint patterns found in humans are unique and form during the 3rd week of gestation from the same site from which the development of teeth occurs. Thus, it can be theorized that if a person has a genetic predilection for caries, then it would be reflected in the fingerprint pattern too.

Aims:
To find a correlation between the incidence of caries and the fingerprint patterns and to find which classification has the highest incidence of caries.

Methodology and Materials Used:
A cross-sectional study was performed on 440 students aged between 18 and 26 years. Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) method was performed for collecting the data regarding caries incidence, while the stamp pad method was used for getting the fingerprints. They were then classified, and statistical analysis was done with their respective DMFT scores.

Results:
Among all the patterns, the loop pattern was found among 312 students (70.1%) followed by whorl (92, 20.9%) and arc pattern (36, 8.2%)

Conclusion:
The results of the study indicate that there is a definite correlation between the number of loops pattern and the presence of dental caries. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening method to provide adequate preventive treatment to individuals showing a higher caries risk as detected by the hand ridge patterns.
Effect of fiber reinforcement on color stability and degree of polymerization of different composite resins
Authors: Karatas Ozcan 
Published: February 2021

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of fiber-reinforcement on the color changes and degree of polymerization of two different composite resins.

Materials and Methods:
A bulk-fill composite resin and a methacrylate-based composite resin with A2 shade were used in this study. Three groups of specimens (control group with no reinforcements, polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite and glass fiber-reinforced composite groups) were prepared from each composite. The color change of the specimens with polymerization was measured. Then, to determine the degree of polymerization, the hardness ratios were calculated by measuring the bottom and top surface hardness of all specimens. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range tests, and Independent sample t-test.

Results:
Statistical analysis of variance presented the significance difference between composite and fiber for color change (P < 0.05). The highest color change by polymerization was seen in the polyethylene fiber-reinforced bulk-fill composite group. It was found that the addition of fiber to composite resins significantly reduced the degree of polymerization (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The addition of fiber may lead to color change and reduce the degree of polymerization of composite resins. The amount of change may differ depending on the structural properties of the composite resins and fiber.
Comparative evaluation of two different isolation techniques in restoration of noncarious cervical lesions using flowable composite
Authors: Sudha Kakollu , Kasireddy Jyothsna , Sowjanya Dunnala Lakshmi , Ashwini Mekala , Sakyarshi Kurati 
Published: February 2021

Context:
Proper method of isolation plays a key role in the restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Aims:
The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of two isolation techniques in restoring NCCLs using flowable composite.

Settings and Design:
Forty patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected based on the power of the study (0.86). The participants were divided into two groups according to the split-mouth design.

Materials and Methods:
In Group A, lesion isolation was done using the Mylar matrix band with photocurable gingival barrier, and in Group B, using Metal matrix band and gingival barrier. The restorations were assessed immediately and after 6 months, using modified US Public Health Service criteria: marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, wear, retention, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity.

Statistical Analysis:
IBM SPSS (version 21.0) software was used. McNemar's and Chi-square tests were performed, considering P < 0.05 for statistical significance.

Results:
Both the groups demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance. Upon inter- and intragroup comparison of the two isolation methods, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of the study, both the groups performed similarly in isolation of NCCLs. However, long-term clinical studies must be needed for further evaluation.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEELINGS AND MOTIVATION OF AFGHAN STUDENTS’ REGARDING STUDYING AT CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Bahir Hizbullah Bahir , . Huanghe 
Published: February 2021

Making a decision to study in foreign countries is considered one of the most difficult tasks. However, it is one of the most essential and valuable attempts for the students because in foreign countries the quality of lessons are high and they can make huge social relations with learners. Also, China accepts students from all over the world. This study examined the feelings, and motivations of Afghan students; the data was collected through google form and constructed interview which 99 students were the participants. A mixed approach was used for this study. Moreover, the interview was done with those learners who have been completed their higher education in the country of China and the data was analyzed through SPSS 26 version. The findings asserted that learning of students in China is very beneficial as well with the relations of other foreign countries who study in China. Furthermore, the findings indicated more that learners have noticeable achievements in the parts of the culture of China, new technology; learning of Chinese language. Additionally, in China living allowance, medical services, well-equipped dormitories and the services of seeing historical places are free of charge for the better life of students.
JEL Classification Codes: A19, B10, B25, C10, C53.
Evaluation Of Plant Proteins As Partial Replacement For Animal Proteins In Diets For Penaeus Indicus And P. Merguiensis Juveniles
Authors: Peñaflorida Veronica D. 
Published: February 2021

The growth rate and survival of two white shrimps, Penaeus indicus and P. merguiensis, fed diets in which fishmeal was partially replaced with plant protein sources were investigated in three trials. In trial 1 with P. indicus, soybean, yeast and leaf meals of kangkong, papaya and Cassia tora L. were screened as partial substitutes for fishmeal. The total biomass of shrimp fed 20% yeast (20yeast) was highest but not significantly different than that of shrimp fed 10yeast and 10papaya. Survival was highest with 20yeast, 10papaya and 10yeast . Shrimp fed Cassia tora L. had the highest weight gain and SGR but their survival was similar to those fed poor performing diets. In trial 2 with P. merguiensis, the ingredients were modified by decreas- ing fishmeal and increasing the yeast and soybean substitution. The biomass of the shrimp fed 10yeast was similar to that of the shrimp fed 20yeast and 26soybean, the weight gain and SGR were similar to shrimp fed 20yeast while survival was highest but not different from 20yeast and 26soybean. In trial 3 with P. indicus, weight gain and SGR were best with 20yeast and 34soy- bean. However, biomass and survival did not differ among replacement levels. The performance of the white shrimp varied with different levels of yeast and soybean meal incorporation. The response of P. indicus was best with 20yeast (15% by weight) or 34soybean meal (34% by weight) while that of P. merguiensis was with 10yeast (7% by weight), 20yeast (15% by weight) or 26soybean meal (26% by weight). Partial replacement of fishmeal with yeast or soybean meal would result in lower feed costs but the use of these feeds needs further refine- ment since survival was low in all treatments. Rearing techniques, such as increasing the feed- ing frequency, simulating deep pond conditions or using adequate substrates, should be refined.
Correlation Between Biochemical And Spermatological Parameters In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Semen
Authors: Secer Selçuk , Tekin Necmettin , Bozkurt Yusuf , Bukan Neslihan , Akcay Ergun 
Published: February 2021

Levels of biochemical parameters in seminal plasma and physical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen were determined and compared. Seminal plasma contained 80.51±31.48 mmol/l Na+, 46.21±12.58 mmol/l K+, 4.65±1.57 mg/dl Ca2+, 3.48±1.18 mEq/l Mg2+, 112.5±25.93 mmol/l Cl-, 1.33±0.76 mg/dl glucose, 0.15±0.09 g/dl protein, 2.55±2.47 mg/dl cho- lesterol, 8.0±2.84 mg/dl triglyceride, and 31.65±40.78 mg/dl urea. Semen volume was 19.9±21.43 ml, spermatozoa motility 60.0±30.09%, duration of spermatozoa movement 174.0±1.82 s, spermatozoa concentration 1.52±0.70 x 109/ml, total spermatozoa number 44.25±64.59 x 109, and pH 6.7±0.25. There were significant positive correlations between semen volume and Na+ (r = 0.667, p<0.05), total spermatozoa number and semen volume (r = 0.977, p<0.01), total spermatozoa number and spermatozoa concentration (r = 0.652, p<0.05), Na+ and Cl- (r = 0.733, p<0.05), Na+ and triglyceride (r = 0.632, p<0.05), K+ and protein (r = 0.728, p<0.05), and Ca2+ and protein (r = 0.685, p<0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between Cl- and glucose (r = - 1.00, p<0.05), and triglyceride and urea (r = -0.716, p<0.05). Consequently, although there were no definite correlations between biochemical and spermatological parameters, it was observed that a higher Na+ content has a positive effect on semen volume.
Effects of Live Food Organisms and Formulated Diets on Growth, Survival, and Body Protein of Asian Sea Bass Fry (Lates calcarifer, Bloch)
Authors: Vartak Vivek Rohidas , Singh Kumar 
Published: February 2021

The effects of the live feeds, Artemia, Moina, and Tubifex, and a formulated diet on the survival, growth, and body composition of fry (0.05±0.001 g) of the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (also called barramundi), were evaluat- ed. The formulated diet was supplemented with dry Bombay duck fishmeal (10%) as an attractant. The experiment was conducted for 30 days in 40-l glass aquaria containing 30 l fresh water. The fry fed Artemia had the best survival (70%) and growth rate (6.48±0.10%). Fry fed Moina and formu- lated diet had 60% survival, not significantly different from fry fed Artemia. Survival was poor (30%) in fry fed Tubifex. Body protein and lipid contents differed significantly among treatments. The present study suggests that Artemia nauplii is the better feed for Asian sea bass fry but formulated diet can be used as a substitute since growth and survival were similar.
Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity of a Virulent Aeromonas jandaei Associated with Mortality of Farmed Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, in India
Authors: Kumar Kundan , Prasad K. Pani , Tripathi Gayatri , Raman R.P. , Kumar Saurav , Tembhurne Meena , Purushothaman C.S. 
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial pathogens involved in the mortality of cultured Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Diseased fish samples were collected from Maharashtra, India for the isolation of pathogenic bacteria. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis which revealed that they were 99% identical with Aeromonas jandaei. The bacterial isolates were further characterized using biochemical methods. The lowest bacterial dose which caused 50% cumulative mortality (LD50) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was 8.84 X 105 CFU per fish. This was achieved by injecting the fish intraperitoneally with pure culture of A.jandaei isolated from diseased fish. Histopathogical studies revealed necrosis hemorrhaging, and other cellular alterations of different tissues of collected organs viz. gill, liver, and kidney of P. hypophthalmus, observed with the diseased conditions.
Recovery of Listonella anguillarum from Diseased Pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) in China
Authors: Sun H. , Luo Z. , Zhang Z. , Hao S. , Ding S. 
Published: February 2021

In May 2016, there was a disease outbreak among pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) in a marine farm in Tianjin municipality, with the cumulative mortality rate reaching 45% within 7 days from the beginning of the outbreak. The main symptoms of the disease were abdominal and anal swelling of the diseased fish. Significant damage was also observed histopathologically in the intestine, liver, and kidney. The strain H008 was isolated from diseased kidneys, and the challenge test revealed that the same disease was diagnosed in pufferfish which suffered similarly high mortality rates. Using physiological biochemical tests combined with 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Listonella anguillarum. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that H008 was resistant to 10 of 15 antimicrobial agents tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. anguillarum causing disease in pufferfish.
A Review: Factors Affecting Outbreaks of Saprolegniosis on Aquatic Animals
Authors: Yang S , Chen D. , Ou Y. , Deng Y. , Geng Y. , Wang K. , Feng Y. Huang , Duan J. 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we review the current knowledge regarding factors affecting the outbreaks of saprolegniosis. Saprolegniosis is a serious disease which can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. Oomycetes are considered to be responsible for the disease. Outbreaks of saprolegniosis occur when equilibrium between pathogenic oomycetes and host resistance is disturbed. This may be the result of an increase in numbers or virulence of the zoospores of oomycetes in the water, or an increase in the susceptibility of the host. The presence of oomycetes zoospores in the environment is regarded as one of the most important causes of saprolegniosis. However, important differences have been found between plant and animal pathogenic oomycetes and appear to be related not only to tactic responses to environment, but also to infection strategies to a host. In addition, fish are more susceptible to infection by pathogenic oomycetes when physically injured, stressed or infected. Furthermore, water environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and microorganisms, should be carefully considered since they play a key role in the outbreaks of saprolegniosis.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Tea Polyphenols on Depuration of 2-methylisoborneol from Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: Guangzhen Jiang , Dongsen Cai , Dingdong Zhang , Xiangfei Li , Wenbin Liu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract_Off-flavor is a serious issue in cultured fish. It affects marketability and texture of fish and causes great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Holding fish in a clean-water environment for some time is an effective method to depurate them although it involves weight loss. This study investigates the potential effects of dietary supplementation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and tea polyphenols (TP) on the depuration of the strong odors of 2- methylisoborneol (MIB) from blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. 560 fish, initial average weight of 48.75±0.48 g were distributed into 28 tanks at a rate of 20 fish per tank. Three diets, namely the control diet, a GA supplemented diet (0.3 g/kg), and a (TP) supplemented diet (0.3 g/kg) were used in this study. The control diet was randomly assigned to 20 tanks, 4 tanks with clean water (control), or with water containing 1μg/L MIB. During the first 28-day the fish in each treatment were hand-fed to apparent satiation three times daily. In the second phase (29-42 day), the control, GA, and TP treatments were divided into four groups: MIB, low density (LD), high density (HD), and dynamic sampling (DS) with twenty fish in DS, and fifteen fish in the others. Fish in LD, HD, and DS in all treatments were starved in clean water. Fish in the DS treatment were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours, at 7 and 14 days. No differences were observed in body weights between groups within the 28-day feeding trial (P>0.05). Fish in GA, LD, and HD groups had significantly lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratios (IPF) than the control, MIB, and TP groups (P<0.05). After 28 and 42 days, fish in the MIB group had higher MIB concentrations than the other groups (P<0.05). Scores of sensory characteristics were similar, with no statistical differences between the control, GA, and TP groups (P>0.05). MIB content decreased significantly in relation to longer depuration times (P<0.05). Fish weight in LD and HD treatments declined by 10% and 12% respectively after 14-day fasting. In conclusion, clean water depuration for fourteen days is an effective method to purge off-flavored flesh although it involves weight loss and dietary supplementation of GA and TP which also depurate MIB from flesh of Megalobrama amblycephala.
Two Rapid Methods to Identify Three Species of Pathogenic Vibrio in Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Luo K. , Yuan H. , Zhang W. , Xu Q. 
Published: February 2021

Vibrio species frequently infect Penaeus vannamei causing great economic losses to the Whiteleg shrimp industry. Rapid detection of pathogenic Vibrio infection would improve the fight against these diseases. In this study, single and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were developed to detect three species of pathogenic Vibrio: Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio anguillarum, and Vibrio alginolyticus. Specific primers were designed for the toxR gene of V. fluvialis, the flaA gene of V. anguillarum, and the pyrH gene of V. alginolyticus. The bacteria were used as templates to establish a 25 μL reaction system for PCR amplification. The results showed that single and specific PCR amplification products of expected sizes were obtained (228bp, 1665bp, and 383bp, respectively). The lowest concentration detected for the three Vibrio species were 5.21×102 , 2.70×104 , and 2.48×102 colony forming units (cfu)/mL, respectively. We also developed a multiplex PCR method to identify the three Vibrio species accurately, and with improved identification efficiency. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to identify the minimum detectable DNA concentration for the three Vibrio species (1.0×10-6 nmol/L for V. fluvialis, 1.0×10-7 nmol/L for V. anguillarum, and 1.0×10- 8 nmol/L for V. alginolyticus). Technical requirements for ordinary PCR are low, therefore PCR is a feasible technique to detect and diagnose Penaeus vannamei bacterial disease.
In Defense of the Author*
Authors: Madoyan Gohar 
Published: February 2021

The concept of the author has been surrounded by much controversy since the early years of literature. It was heavily discussed in the antique period and was “crowned” in the era of Romanticism. However, in the 20th century and along with the advancement of the ideas of an individuality, human rights and equality, new philosophical directions sprang which cast doubt at the previously held traditional views and approaches. Structuralists and later post-structuralists “killed” the author enhancing the role of the reader. But has the author died? Maybe he is just dozing?
* The title makes reference to an essay by E.R. Hirsch.
Anatomy of Persuasive Discourse (on some functional and semantic aspects of literary discourse analysis)*
Authors: Mikayelyan Tigran 
Published: February 2021

The problem of persuasive discourse has been analyzed in this article from the perspectives of literary discourse – to be specifically chosen and introduced – much more as a model of communicative behaviour and pattern of textuality rather than as a sample of artistic perception of life. The survey into the structure of persuasive discourse suggested by María Azucena Penas Ibáñez has served as basis for the paper that tries to cover the major constituents of a relatively overall image of persuasive discourse completed under all the standards of textuality. The paper attempts at introducing a paradigm of factors to be taken into consideration in respective analyses of persuasive discourse.
* The paper is based on María Azucena Penas Ibáñez’s research (Penas Ibáñez 2011:113-134).
Authenticity and Teacher’s Role in Project Based Learning
Authors: Madoyan Lusine 
Published: February 2021

Project based learning (PBL) is a student-centered teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which students gain knowledge and skills to explore and respond to an authentic and engaging problem or challenge. PBL focuses on different real-world subject matters that can sustain the interest of students, require student collaboration and autonomy, and at the same time, accommodate a purposeful and explicit focus on form and other aspects of language.
The present article focuses on the teacher’s role in project based learning as well as the importance of authenticity in designing a project.
Armenian Culture from the Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Matevosyan Armine , Dalalyan Manana 
Published: February 2021

The present paper goes along the lines of Semiotics, a branch of linguistics. It studies the system of signs which takes the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Through the usage of signs we represent the linguocultural aspect of our knowledge, ethnic traditions and folklore.
The interest we take in the paper is the study of signs and symbols in Armenian culture. Culture, including miniature paining, singing, dancing, architecture and cuisine, may involve any sphere of Armenian identity. Signs and symbols that constitute language and culture are constructed through verbal and non-verbal interactions and are arbitrary.
The purpose of our analysis is to specify what why, whom questions in a specific context of situation, as well as in a large context of culture, such as social community, media and communication.