bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human autonomy, technological automation (and reverse)
Authors: Chiodo Simona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe continuously talk about autonomous technologies. But how can words qualifying technologies be the very same words chosen by Kant to define what is essentially human, i.e. being autonomous? The article focuses on a possible answer by reflecting upon both etymological and philosophical issues, as well as upon the case of autonomous vehicles. Most interestingly, on the one hand, we have the notion of (human) “autonomy”, meaning that there is a “law” that is “self-given”, and, on the other hand, we have the notion of (technological) “automation”, meaning that there is something “offhand” that is “self-given”. Yet, we are experiencing a kind of twofold shift: on the one hand, the shift from defining technologies in terms of automation to defining technologies in terms of autonomy and, on the other hand, the shift from defining humans in terms of autonomy to defining humans in terms of automation. From a philosophical perspective, the shift may mean that we are trying to escape precisely from what autonomy founds, i.e. individual responsibility of humans that, in the Western culture, have been defined for millennia as rational and moral decision-makers, even when their decisions have been the toughest. More precisely, the shift may mean that we are using technologies, and in particular emerging algorithmic technologies, as scapegoats that bear responsibility for us by making decisions for us. Moreover, if we consider the kind of emerging algorithmic technologies that increasingly surround us, starting from autonomous vehicles, then we may argue that we also seem to create a kind of technological divine that, by being always with us through its immanent omnipresence, omniscience, omnipotence and inscrutability, can always be our technological scapegoat freeing us from the most unbearable burden of individual responsibility resulting from individual autonomy.
Methodology for the definition of the optimal assembly cycle and calculation of the optimized assembly cycle time in human-robot collaborative assembly
Authors: Gualtieri Luca , Rauch Erwin , Vidoni Renato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIndustrial collaborative robotics is an enabling technology and one of the main drivers of Industry 4.0 in industrial assembly. It allows a safe physical and human-machine interaction with the aim of improving flexibility, operator’s work conditions, and process performance at the same time. In this regard, collaborative assembly is one of the most interesting and useful applications of human-robot collaboration. Most of these systems arise from the re-design of existing manual assembly workstations. As a consequence, manufacturing companies need support for an efficient implementation of these systems. This work presents a systematical methodology for the design of human-centered and collaborative assembly systems starting from manual assembly workstations. In particular, it proposes a method for task scheduling identifying the optimal assembly cycle by considering the product and process main features as well as a given task allocation between the human and the robot. The use of the proposed methodology has been tested and validated in an industrial case study related to the assembly of a touch-screen cash register. Results show how the new assembly cycle allows a remarkable time reduction with respect to the manual cycle and a promising value in terms of payback period.
3-D Axisymmetric Transonic Shock Solutions of the Full Euler System in Divergent Nozzles
Authors: Park Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe establish the stability of 3-D axisymmetric transonic shock solutions of the steady full Euler system in divergent nozzles under small perturbations of an incoming radial supersonic flow and a constant pressure at the exit of the nozzles. To study 3-D axisymmetric transonic shock solutions of the full Euler system, we use a stream function formulation of the full Euler system for a 3-D axisymmetric flow. We resolve the singularity issue arising in stream function formulations of the full Euler system for a 3-D axisymmetric flow. We develop a new scheme to determine a shock location of a transonic shock solution of the steady full Euler system based on the stream function formulation.
Functional neurological disorder and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of misdiagnosis and clinical overlap
Authors: Walzl Dennis , Solomon Andrew J. , Stone Jon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) and functional neurological disorder (FND) are both diagnostically challenging conditions which can present with similar symptoms. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify patients with MS who were misdiagnosed with FND, patients with FND who were misdiagnosed with MS, and reports of patients with both conditions. In addition to FND, we included studies of patients with other functional and psychiatric disorders where these caused symptoms leading to investigation for or a diagnosis of MS, which in a different context would likely have been labeled as FND. Our review suggests that MS is one of the most common causes of misdiagnosis of FND and vice versa. We discuss the clinical errors that appear to result in misdiagnoses, such as over-reliance on psychiatric comorbidity when making a diagnosis of FND or over-reliance on neuroimaging for the diagnosis of MS, and practical ways to avoid them. Comorbidity between these two conditions is also likely common, has been poorly studied, and adds complexity to diagnosis and treatment in patients with both MS and FND. Misdiagnosis and comorbidity in a landscape of emerging evidence-based treatments for both MS and FND are issues not only of clinical importance to the care of these patients, but also to treatment trials, especially of MS, where FND could be a hidden confounder.
Consensus on tasks to be included in a return to work assessment for a UK firefighter following an injury: an online Delphi study
Authors: Noll Liam , Mallows Adrian , Moran Jason 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim was to provide a consensus tasks needed to be included in a return to work assessment for operational firefighters.

Methods
A two round online Delphi study was conducted with twenty-four participants including firefighters, service fitness advisers and occupational health managers. A consensus was set at 70% agreement. In round one, participants completed an online survey relating to tasks to be included during a return to work assessment for firefighters following an injury. Round two was an online consensus meeting to discuss the tasks where consensus was not achieved.

Results
A consensus was reached for ten of the thirteen tasks, including the number of repetitions required when lifting a light portable pump and climbing a ladder. A consensus was reached for the total distance equipment which should be carried. This included carrying a ladder, a hose and a light portable pump.

Conclusions
This study has provided a consensus for tasks to be included when assessing a firefighter for return to work. Further research is needed to understand how to use this assessment optimally
Survival advantage of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced gastric cancer: experience from a Western tertiary referral center
Authors: Rosa Fausto , Galiandro Federica , Ricci Riccardo , Di Miceli Dario , Longo Fabio , Quero Giuseppe , Tortorelli Antonio Pio , Alfieri Sergio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Selection criteria and prognostic factors for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have not been well defined and the literature data are not homogeneous. The aim of this study was to compare prognostic factors influencing overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a population of patients affected by AGC with surgery alone and surgery plus HIPEC, both with curative (PCI, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index >1) and prophylactic (PCI=0) intent.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted in patients affected by AGC from January 2006 to December 2015. Uni- and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were performed.

Results
A total of 85 patients with AGC were analyzed. Five-year OS for surgery alone, CRS plus curative HIPEC, and surgery plus prophylactic HIPEC groups was 9%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. Statistical significance was reached comparing both prophylactic HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.05), curative HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.03), and curative vs prophylactic HIPEC (p = 0.04).
Five-year DFS for surgery alone, CRS + curative HIPEC, and surgery + prophylactic HIPEC groups was 9%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Statistical significance was reached comparing both prophylactic HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p < 0.0001), curative HIPEC vs surgery alone group (p = 0.008), and curative vs prophylactic HIPEC (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with AGC undergoing surgery plus HIPEC had a better OS and DFS with respect to patients treated with surgery alone.
Three layers of abstraction: a conceptual framework for theorizing digital multi-sided platforms
Authors: Poniatowski Martin , Lüttenberg Hedda , Beverungen Daniel , Kundisch Dennis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe digital economy has brought about multi-sided platforms as superior configurations for value co-creation. However, the academic discourse on platforms is scattered across academic disciplines—including management, information systems, and economics. Based on a systematic literature review of 140 papers from nine disciplines, we inductively develop a framework that provides a conceptual point of reference for conducting boundary-spanning research on digital multi-sided platforms. Systematizing the identified concepts, we introduce three layers of abstraction: conceptualizing platforms as information systems, as systems for actor engagement, or as ecosystems. Our framework conceptualizes digital multi-sided platforms as nested hierarchies of systems that are shaped by, and in interaction with, their environment. This view focuses on designing IT artifacts, governance mechanisms, and strategies for platforms in terms of how they interact with their environment. Practitioners can use our insights to analyze, design, and manage platforms aimed at establishing a sustainable competitive advantage.
Slow Uptake of PrEP: Behavioral Predictors and the Influence of Price on PrEP Uptake Among MSM with a High Interest in PrEP
Authors: van Dijk Mart , de Wit John B. F. , Guadamuz Thomas E. , Martinez Joel E. , Jonas Kai J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the improved availability and affordability of PrEP in the Netherlands, PrEP uptake is low among men who have sex with men (MSM). To optimize uptake, it is important to identify facilitators and barriers of PrEP use. During our study period, the price of PrEP dropped significantly after generic PrEP was introduced. We investigated whether the price drop predicts PrEP uptake, alongside behavioral and demographic characteristics. Participants (N = 349) were recruited online and completed three questionnaires over a period of 6 months, between February 2017 and March 2019. After 6 months, 159 (45.6%) participants were using PrEP. PrEP uptake was greater among MSM who ever had postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment, among MSM with a better perceived financial situation, and when the price of PrEP dropped. MSM in a tighter perceived financial situation may use PrEP more when it would be free or fully reimbursed.
Attitudes towards housing equity release strategies among older home owners: A European comparison
Authors: Hoekstra Joris , Dol Kees 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ageing of European societies, the mounting pressure on pension systems, the rise of home ownership and the growth in house prices have sparked interest in housing equity release options and strategies. Much of the available literature approaches this topic through a financial lens, focusing on equity release schemes as a way to free up housing equity while remaining in the dwelling. However, there are also other ways in which housing wealth can be extracted, such as downsizing, moving to a rental dwelling or subletting part of the dwelling. There is very little recent international comparative insight into the perceptions and preferences of older home owners with regard to this matter. Which housing equity release strategy do they prefer and why? And to what extent is their decision to release housing equity influenced by the bequest motive? Based on focus group research in six European countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands), this paper observes some general trends and identifies a number of country specific variations.
Clinical significance of checkpoint regulator “Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)” expression in meningioma: review of the current status
Authors: Karimi Shirin , Mansouri Sheila , Nassiri Farshad , Bunda Severa , Singh Olivia , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Dunn Ian F. , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Most meningiomas are benign; however, a subset of these tumors can be aggressive, presenting with early or multiple tumor recurrences that are refractory to neurosurgical resection and radiotherapy. There is no standard systemic therapy for these patients, and post-surgical management of these patients is usually complicated due to lack of accurate prediction for tumor progression.

Methods
In this review, we summarise the crucial immunosuppressive role of checkpoint regulators, including PD-1 and PD-L1 interacting in the tumor microenvironment, which has led to efforts aimed at targeting this axis.

Results
Since their discovery, checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the outcome in many types of cancers. Currently, targeted therapy for PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins are being tested in several ongoing clinical trials for brain tumors such as glioblastoma. More recently, there have been some reports implicating increased PD-L1 expression in high-grade (WHO grades II and III) meningiomas. Several clinical trials are underway to assess the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in the therapeutic management of patients with aggressive meningiomas. Here, we review the immune suppressive microenvironment in meningiomas, and then focus on clinical and pathological characterization and tumor heterogeneity with respect to PD-L1 expression as well as challenges associated with the assessment of PD-L1 expression in meningioma.

Conclusion
We conclude with a brief review of ongoing clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of high-grade and refractory meningiomas.
MMSE is an independent prognostic factor for survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: van der Meulen Matthijs , Dirven Linda , Bakunina Katerina , van den Bent Martin J. , Issa Samar , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Bromberg Jacoline E. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
To assess the value of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)-score at baseline in predicting survival in adult primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients.

Methods
In the HOVON 105/ ALLG NHL 24 phase III study patients with newly-diagnosed PCNSL were randomized between high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Data on potential (MMSE-score), and known baseline prognostic factors (age, performance status, serum LDH, cerebrospinal fluid total protein, involvement of deep brain structures, multiple cerebral lesions, and the IELSG-score) were collected prospectively. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of all factors on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with available MMSE score at baseline. Age was analyzed as continuous variable, the MMSE-score both as a continuous and as a categorical variable.

Results
In univariable analysis, age, MMSE-score and whether the patient received rituximab were statistically significantly prognostic factors for PFS. Age and MMSE-score were statistically significantly associated with OS. In a multivariable analysis of the univariately significant factors only MMSE-score was independently associated with the survival endpoints, as a continuous variable (HR for PFS 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; OS 1.06 (95% CI 1.02–1.10) and as categorical variable HR (< 27 versus ≥ 27 for PFS 1.55 (1.02–2.35); OS 1.68 (1.05–2.70). In our population, performance status, serum LDH, and CSF protein level were not of prognostic value.

Conclusion
Neurocognitive disturbances, measured with the MMSE at baseline, are an unfavorable prognostic factor for both PFS and OS in adult PCNSL patients up to 70 years-old.
Plant, soil and faunal responses to a contrived pH gradient
Authors: Duddigan Sarah , Fraser Tandra , Green Iain , Diaz Anita , Sizmur Tom , Tibbett Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To build a more holistic understanding of soil pH change we assessed the synchronised effects of a contrived soil pH change on soil chemistry, vegetation growth and nutrition, and soil faunal abundance and diversity.

Methods
We established a fifteen year old field experiment with a contrived pH gradient (pH 4.3 to 6.3) and measured the effect on soil chemistry, plant biomass and elemental composition and the impact of these changes on soil fauna (earthworms, nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades) and biological indices (based on ecological group structures of earthworms and nematodes). A single 20 × 20 × 20 cm soil block was excavated from each sample site to directly attribute biotic parameters in the block to the abiotic (soil) conditions.

Results
Acidification affected the extractable concentrations of Al, Ca, Mn and P and the C:N ratio of the soil and caused a reduction in plant Ca (rs for pH vs Ca = 0.804 p < 0.01), an increase in plant Mn (rs = −0.450 p = 0.019), along with significant decrease in root:shoot ratio (rs = 0.638, p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between pH and earthworm index (rs = 0.606, p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between pH and nematode index (rs = −0.515, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Soil pH influenced the mobility of Ca, Al, Mn and P, which in turn has impacted on plant tissue chemistry and plant biomass ratios. Linked changes in soil chemistry and vegetation had a corresponding effect on the abundance and diversity of nematodes and earthworms in the soil blocks.
Schedulability of probabilistic mixed-criticality systems
Authors: Draskovic Stefan , Ahmed Rehan , Huang Pengcheng , Thiele Lothar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMixed-criticality systems often need to fulfill safety standards that dictate different requirements for each criticality level, for example given in the ‘probability of failure per hour’ format. A recent trend suggests designing this kind of systems by jointly scheduling tasks of different criticality levels on a shared platform. When this is done, the usual assumption is that tasks of lower criticality are degraded when a higher criticality task needs more resources, for example when it overruns a bound on its execution time. However, a way to quantify the impact this degradation has on the overall system is not well understood. Meanwhile, to improve schedulability and to avoid over-provisioning of resources due to overly pessimistic worst-case execution time estimates of higher criticality tasks, a new paradigm emerged where task’s execution times are modeled with random variables. In this paper, we analyze a system with probabilistic execution times, and propose metrics that are inspired by safety standards. Among these metrics are the probability of deadline miss per hour, the expected time before degradation happens, and the duration of the degradation. We argue that these quantities provide a holistic view of the system’s operation and schedulability.
PHD Finger Protein 19 Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy via Epigenetically Regulating SIRT2
Authors: Gu Wei , Cheng Yutong , Wang Su , Sun Tao , Li Zhizhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpigenetic regulations essentially participate in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19) is a polycomb protein that controls H3K36me3 and H3K27me3. However, the roles of PHF19 in cardiac hypertrophy remain unknown. Here in this work, we observed that PHF19 promoted cardiac hypertrophy via epigenetically targeting SIRT2. In angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, adenovirus-mediated knockdown ofPhf19reduced the increase in cardiomyocyte size, repressed the expression of hypertrophic marker genesAnpandBnp, as well as inhibited protein synthesis. By contrast,Phf19overexpression promoted Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We also knocked downPhf19expression in mouse hearts in vivo. The results demonstrated thatPhf19knockdown reduced Ang II-induced decline in cardiac fraction shortening and ejection fraction.Phf19knockdown also inhibited Ang II-mediated increase in heart weight, reduced cardiomyocyte size, and repressed the expression of hypertrophic marker genes in mouse hearts. Further mechanism studies showed that PHF19 suppressed the expression of SIRT2, which contributed to the function of PHF19 during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. PHF19 bound the promoter of SIRT2 and regulated the balance between H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 to repress the expression of SIRT2 in vitro and in vivo. In human hypertrophic hearts, the overexpression of PHF19 and downregulation of SIRT2 were observed. Of importance,PHF19expression was positively correlated with hypertrophic marker genesANPandBNPbut negatively correlated withSIRT2in human hypertrophic hearts. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that PHF19 promoted the development of cardiac hypertrophy via epigenetically regulating SIRT2.
Krylov subspace methods for estimating operator-vector multiplications in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Hashimoto Yuka , Nodera Takashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Krylov subspace method has been investigated and refined for approximating the behaviors of finite or infinite dimensional linear operators. It has been used for approximating eigenvalues, solutions of linear equations, and operator functions acting on vectors. Recently, for time-series data analysis, much attention is being paid to the Krylov subspace method as a viable method for estimating the multiplications of a vector by an unknown linear operator referred to as a transfer operator. In this paper, we investigate a convergence analysis for Krylov subspace methods for estimating operator-vector multiplications.
Theoretical and computational results of a wave equation with variable exponent and time-dependent nonlinear damping
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad I. , Messaoudi Salim A. , Zahri Mostafa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the following wave equation $$u_{tt}-\Delta u+\alpha (t)\left| u_{t}\right| ^{m(\cdot )-2}u_{t}=0$$

u

tt

-
Δ
u
+
α

(
t
)

u
t

m
(
·
)
-
2

u
t

=
0

with a nonlinear damping having a variable exponent m(x) and a time-dependent coefficient $$\alpha (t)$$

α
(
t
)

. We use the multiplier method to establish energy decay results depending on both m and $$\alpha $$
α
. We also give four numerical tests to illustrate our theoretical results using the conservative Lax–Wendroff method scheme.