bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and prognostic factors of pituicytoma: a single-center experience and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Wei Liu-Dong , Li Chao , Li Da , Liu Xing-Ju , Li Run-Ting , Li Lian-Wang , Wang Jun-Mei , Zhou Da-Biao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Preoperative diagnosis of pituicytomas is difficult, and management and prognostic factors remain ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the radiological characteristics of pituicytoma, to assess the risk factors affecting tumor progression, and to propose the optimal treatment regimen based on comprehensive analysis.

Methods
We reviewed the clinical data of 22 patients with pituicytoma confirmed pathologically in our institution. In addition, 93 cases of pituicytoma in the previous literature were recruited. The individual data of 115 patients were analyzed to evaluate the adverse factors affecting pituicytoma progression.

Results
In the combined cohort, 3 of 61 patients who underwent gross-total resection (GTR) developed recurrence (4.9%); of the 54 patients who received non-GTR, 19 progressed (35.2%). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis verified male gender (HR 2.855, 95% CI 1.008–8.089; p = 0.048), TS (transsphenoidal surgery; HR 3.559, 95% CI 1.015–12.476; p = 0.047), and non-GTR (HR 4.388, 95%CI 1.240–15.521; p = 0.022) were independent unfavorable factors for pituicytoma progression. A multivariate logistic regression model verified that tumor diameter ≥ 1.85 cm (OR 4.859, 95% CI 1.335–17.691; p = 0.016) was independent adverse factors for GTR. Compared with TS, OT (open transcranial) is more likely to have postoperative complications (OR 3.185, 95% CI 1.020–9.944; p = 0.046), especially vision deterioration (OR 37.267, 95% CI 4.486–309.595; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Based on our findings, GTR was advocated as an optimal treatment for pituicytomas. However, in order to avoid damage to important structures, partial resection is acceptable. After that, adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended for male patients with high Ki-67 index, and the remaining patients can be followed up closely. When the tumor recurs or progresses, it is recommended to re-operate and remove the lesion completely as far as possible. If GTR is still not possible, postoperative radiotherapy for the residual tumor is recommended.
Valuable Experience: How University Internships Affect Graduates’ Income
Authors: Bolli Thomas , Caves Katherine , Oswald-Egg Maria Esther 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether and how attending an internship during tertiary education affects income. We address endogeneity with an IV approach that exploits information regarding whether the internship was a mandatory component of the study. We further address selection into programs with mandatory internship by using the share of mandatory internships at the closest university, exploiting the low mobility of Swiss students. The results show that internships increase graduates’ incomes. We explore potential mechanisms for the effect of internships on income, finding that general human capital is the main mechanism rather than firm- or field-specific human capital, signaling, or screening. These results indicate that students should continue to invest in internships and that mandatory internships have a place in university curricula because they improve the quality of education.
ICODE: the international COVID-19 thrombosis biomarkers colloquium—novel soluble biomarkers: circulating cell-free nucleic acids and other molecules
Authors: Krauel Krystin , Duerschmied Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes the evidence derived from clinical (observational) studies describing novel soluble biomarkers in COVID-19. Our goal was to stimulate further research (preclinical as well as clinical studies) and therefore we discuss potential prognostic value, but also technical details, such as sample preparation. A table provides an overview of the described biomarkers measured in plasma, serum or other (namely bronchoalveolar) fluids.
Nickel Catalysts for C1 Reactions: Recollections from a Career in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ross Julian R. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a brief review of some research projects carried out in the author’s laboratories over a number of years. The work reported concerns the use of nickel-containing catalysts for a range of C1 reactions: the steam reforming of methane, the methanation of CO, the oxidative coupling of methane and the dry reforming of methane. A number of novel catalysts have been developed in the course of this work, mostly in collaborative projects with industrial organisations, and some of the background to this work is discussed. The paper emphasises the importance in work of the type described of the establishment of contacts between the academic laboratory and industrial researchers such as Mike Spencer.
Analyse ergonomischer Arbeitsplatzmerkmale in Coworking Spaces
Authors: Robelski Swantje , de Jong Joshua , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung haben sich neue Arbeitsformen wie Coworking Spaces in der Arbeitswelt etabliert. In der Regel bieten die Betreibenden von Coworking Spaces eine Arbeitsinfrastruktur mit Räumen, Möbeln und Technik an, bei der sich eine hohe Bandbreite an Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten findet.

Fragestellung
Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Möglichkeiten der ergonomischen Arbeitsplatzgestaltung in Coworking Spaces vorliegen und inwieweit diese einen Zusammenhang zur Zufriedenheit mit dem Arbeiten im Coworking Space und dem selbsteingeschätzten Gesundheitszustand aufweisen.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen der explorativen Studie wurden 112 Coworking-Space-Nutzende (männlich = 61,6 %, weiblich = 38,4 %) mit einem quantitativen Online-Fragebogen befragt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigt sich, dass 38 % der Arbeitsplätze mindestens fünf von sechs zuvor definierten Merkmalen eines ergonomischen Arbeitsplatzes erfüllen. Der Geräuschpegel wird von 45 % der Befragten als (teils) zu hoch empfunden. Für den empfundenen Geräuschpegel lassen sich signifikante Zusammenhänge mit der subjektiv erlebten Zufriedenheit und Gesundheit finden.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Verbesserungspotenziale bezüglich ergonomischer Arbeitsbedingungen hin. Weiterführende Forschung zu Arbeitsbedingungen in Coworking Spaces zur Verstetigung der Ergebnisse ist notwendig.
Mapping the Global-Scale Maize Drought Risk Under Climate Change Based on the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk Model
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Gao Yuan , Lin Degen , Wang Lei , Ma Weidong , Wang Jing’ai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrought is projected to become more frequent and increasingly severe under climate change in many agriculturally important areas. However, few studies have assessed and mapped the future global crop drought risk—defined as the occurrence probability and likelihood of yield losses from drought—at high resolution. With support of the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk model, we propose an analytical framework to quantify and map the future global-scale maize drought risk at a 0.5° resolution. In this framework, the model can be calibrated and validated using datasets from in situ observations (for example, yield statistics, losses caused by drought) and the literature. Water stress and drought risk under climate change can then be simulated. To evaluate the applicability of the framework, a global-scale assessment of maize drought risk under 1.5 °C warming was conducted. At 1.5 °C warming, the maize drought risk is projected to be regionally variable (high in the midlatitudes and low in the tropics and subtropics), with only a minor negative (− 0.93%) impact on global maize yield. The results are consistent with previous studies of drought impacts on maize yield of major agricultural countries around the world. Therefore, the framework can act as a practical tool for global-scale, future-oriented crop drought risk assessment, and the results provide theoretical support for adaptive planning strategies for drought.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alsomali Dunya Yunus , Bakshi Nasir , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed , El Fakih Riad , Aljurf Mahmoud 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this systematic review is to investigate different diagnostic methods and the available treatment options for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL).

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus for published case reports of SPTCL. From each record, we extracted data of the diagnostic methods, immunohistochemical profile, clinical characteristics, and the treatment approaches provided. Data were summarized and narratively synthesized to highlight the various diagnostic methods and treatment options of SPTCL.

Results:
Our literature search yielded 1293 unique citations. Following screening, nine articles reporting a total of 15 cases were included in this systematic review. All patients presented with subcutaneous nodules. Three of the 15 cases were initially misdiagnosed. The atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD2, CD3, granzyme B, and TIA-1 and negative for CD1a, EBER, and CD20 in all the reported cases. The atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD45RO in four out of seven cases, positive for CD56 in three out of 12 cases tested, while positive for CD5 and CD8 in the majority of cases. Therapy ranged from topical agents to immunosuppressive agents all the way to multiagent chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
SPTCL is a rare lymphoma. Diagnosis is highly dependent on the immunohistochemical stains added to histopathologic and radiologic findings. Therapy is dependent on the pace of the disease, with encouraging results obtained with single-agent cyclosporine.
Siliceous subglacial deposits: archives of subglacial processes during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Siman-Tov Shalev , Blackburn Terrence , Hallet Bernard , Coble Matthew A. , Brodsky Emily E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report detailed chemical and isotopic data from a subglacial siliceous deposit on andesitic bedrock recently exposed by glacier retreat. Whereas a single, <1 μm, Si-rich layer covers the highly polished bedrock on the up-glacier (stoss) surfaces, distinct, lithified deposits commonly occur at the lee of small bedrock protuberances, on a scale <0.1 meter. The deposit is millimeters in thickness and consists of laminae tens to hundreds microns thick that differ from one another in color, rock-fragment abundance and chemical composition. Ca-rich laminae that are sufficiently enriched in uranium (~2–50 ppm) to permit U-series isotopic analysis suggest that the subglacial deposit formed 10–20 ka, much earlier than previously assumed. We conclude that (1) the siliceous deposit persisted for at least 10 000 years despite the intervening erosion and weathering, (2) distinct episodes of formation due to significant changes in hydrology and water chemistry are recorded in the deposit, and (3) a siliceous slurry may have existed at the ice-rock interface and influenced the local friction. This work reinforces earlier findings that subglacial chemical deposits can form and persist on geologic time scales and may have implications for the role of the cryosphere in the Earth's geochemical cycles and climate system.
Cerebellar projections to the macaque midbrain tegmentum: Possible near response connections
Authors: Bohlen Martin O. , Gamlin Paul D. , Warren Susan , May Paul J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since most gaze shifts are to targets that lie at a different distance from the viewer than the current target, gaze changes commonly require a change in the angle between the eyes. As part of this response, lens curvature must also be adjusted with respect to target distance by the ciliary muscle. It has been suggested that projections by the cerebellar fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei to the supraoculomotor area (SOA), which lies immediately dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus and contains near response neurons, support this behavior. However, the SOA also contains motoneurons that supply multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs) and the dendrites of levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons. To better determine the targets of the fastigial nucleus in the SOA, we placed an anterograde tracer into this cerebellar nucleus in Macaca fascicularis monkeys and a retrograde tracer into their contralateral medial rectus, superior rectus, and levator palpebrae muscles. We only observed close associations between anterogradely labeled boutons and the dendrites of medial rectus MIF and levator palpebrae motoneurons. However, relatively few of these associations were present, suggesting these are not the main cerebellar targets. In contrast, labeled boutons in SOA, and in the adjacent central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), densely innervated a subpopulation of neurons. Based on their location, these cells may represent premotor near response neurons that supply medial rectus and preganglionic Edinger–Westphal motoneurons. We also identified lens accommodation-related cerebellar afferent neurons via retrograde trans-synaptic transport of the N2c rabies virus from the ciliary muscle. They were found bilaterally in the fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei, in a distribution which mirrored that of neurons retrogradely labeled from the SOA and cMRF. Our results suggest these cerebellar neurons coordinate elements of the near response during symmetric vergence and disjunctive saccades by targeting cMRF and SOA premotor neurons.
Regional financial disparity in India: can it be measured?
Authors: Arora Rashmi U. , Anand P. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine disparities in financial development at the regional level in India. The major research questions of the study are: how do we measure the level of financial development at the sub-national level? How unequal is financial development across the states? Does it vary by ownership of financial institutions? To explore these research questions, our study develops a composite banking development index at the sub-national level for three different bank groups – public, private and foreign for 25 Indian states covering 1996–2015. Our findings suggest that despite reforms, banking development is significantly higher in the leading high income and more developed regions compared to lagging ones. Furthermore, we find that all bank groups including public banks are concentrated more in the developed regions. Overall, over the years the position of top three and bottom three states in the aggregate banking index have remained unchanged reflecting lop-sidedness of regional development. We also note improvement in the ranking of some north-eastern states during the period 2009–15.
GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis
Authors: Sellgren Carl M. , Imbeault Sophie , Larsson Markus K. , Oliveros Alfredo , Nilsson Ida A. K. , Codeluppi Simone , Orhan Funda , Bhat Maria , Tufvesson-Alm Maximilian , Gracias Jessica , Kegel Magdalena E. , Zheng Yiran , Faka Anthi , Svedberg Marie , Powell Susan B. , Caldwell Sorana , Kamenski Mary E. , Vawter Marquis P. , Schulmann Anton , Goiny Michel , Svensson Camilla I. , Hökfelt Tomas , Schalling Martin , Schwieler Lilly , Cervenka Simon , Choi Doo-Sup , Landén Mikael , Engberg Göran , Erhardt Sophie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family member protein GRK3 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expression, as well as protein levels, of GRK3 are reduced in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Here, we investigate functional behavior and neurotransmission related to immune activation and psychosis using mice lacking functional Grk3 and utilizing a variety of methods, including behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging methods. Compared to wildtype controls, the Grk3−/− mice show a number of aberrations linked to psychosis, including elevated brain levels of IL-1β, increased turnover of kynurenic acid (KYNA), hyper-responsiveness to D-amphetamine, elevated spontaneous firing of midbrain dopamine neurons, and disruption in prepulse inhibition. Analyzing human genetic data, we observe a link between psychotic features in bipolar disorder, decreased GRK expression, and increased concentration of CSF KYNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Grk3−/− mice show face and construct validity relating to the psychosis phenotype with glial activation and would be suitable for translational studies of novel immunomodulatory agents in psychotic disorders.
The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) enhances metastatic burden in triple-negative breast cancer through focal adhesion protein kinase (FAK)-mediated regulation of cell adhesion
Authors: Xu Qiuping , Zhang Jingwei , Telfer Brian A. , Zhang Hao , Ali Nisha , Chen Fuhui , Risa Blanca , Pearson Adam J. , Zhang Wei , Finegan Katherine G. , Ucar Ahmet , Giurisato Emanuele , Tournier Cathy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is overwhelming clinical evidence that the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is significantly dysregulated in human breast cancer. However, there is no definite understanding of the requirement of ERK5 in tumor growth and metastasis due to very limited characterization of the pathway in disease models. In this study, we report that a high level of ERK5 is a predictive marker of metastatic breast cancer. Mechanistically, our in vitro data revealed that ERK5 was critical for maintaining the invasive capability of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells through focal adhesion protein kinase (FAK) activation. Specifically, we found that phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397 was controlled by a kinase-independent function of ERK5. Accordingly, silencing ERK5 in mammary tumor grafts impaired FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397 and suppressed TNBC cell metastasis to the lung without preventing tumor growth. Collectively, these results establish a functional relationship between ERK5 and FAK signaling in promoting malignancy. Thus, targeting the oncogenic ERK5-FAK axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer exhibiting aggressive clinical behavior.
Cinnamaldehyde induces autophagy-mediated cell death through ER stress and epigenetic modification in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Kim Tae Woo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrevious reports suggested that cinnamaldehyde (CA), the bioactive ingredient in Cinnamomum cassia, can suppress tumor growth, migratory, and invasive abilities. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of CA in GC are not completely understood. In the present study, we found that CA-induced ER stress and cell death via the PERK–CHOP axis and Ca2+ release in GC cells. Inhibition of ER stress using specific–siRNA blocked CA-induced cell death. Interestingly, CA treatment resulted in autophagic cell death by inducing Beclin-1, ATG5, and LC3B expression and by inhibiting p62 expression whereas autophagy inhibition suppressed CA-induced cell death. We showed that CA induces the inhibition of G9a and the activation of LC3B. Moreover, CA inhibited G9a binding on Beclin-1 and LC3B promoter. Overall, these results suggested that CA regulates the PERK–CHOP signaling, and G9a inhibition activates autophagic cell death via ER stress in GC cells.
Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets
Authors: Franco B. , Blumenstock T. , Cho C. , Clarisse L. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P.-F. , De Mazière M. , De Smedt I. , Dorn H.-P. , Emmerichs T. , Fuchs H. , Gkatzelis G. , Griffith D. W. T. , Gromov S. , Hannigan J. W. , Hase F. , Hohaus T. , Jones N. , Kerkweg A. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Lutsch E. , Mahieu E. , Novelli A. , Ortega I. , Paton-Walsh C. , Pommier M. , Pozzer A. , Reimer D. , Rosanka S. , Sander R. , Schneider M. , Strong K. , Tillmann R. , Van Roozendael M. , Vereecken L. , Vigouroux C. , Wahner A. , Taraborrelli D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtmospheric acidity is increasingly determined by carbon dioxide and organic acids1–3. Among the latter, formic acid facilitates the nucleation of cloud droplets4 and contributes to the acidity of clouds and rainwater1,5. At present, chemistry–climate models greatly underestimate the atmospheric burden of formic acid, because key processes related to its sources and sinks remain poorly understood2,6–9. Here we present atmospheric chamber experiments that show that formaldehyde is efficiently converted to gaseous formic acid via a multiphase pathway that involves its hydrated form, methanediol. In warm cloud droplets, methanediol undergoes fast outgassing but slow dehydration. Using a chemistry–climate model, we estimate that the gas-phase oxidation of methanediol produces up to four times more formic acid than all other known chemical sources combined. Our findings reconcile model predictions and measurements of formic acid abundance. The additional formic acid burden increases atmospheric acidity by reducing the pH of clouds and rainwater by up to 0.3. The diol mechanism presented here probably applies to other aldehydes and may help to explain the high atmospheric levels of other organic acids that affect aerosol growth and cloud evolution.
Structure and dynamics of a mycobacterial type VII secretion system
Authors: Bunduc Catalin M. , Fahrenkamp Dirk , Wald Jiri , Ummels Roy , Bitter Wilbert , Houben Edith N. G. , Marlovits Thomas C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of one of the most important infectious diseases in humans, which leads to 1.4 million deaths every year1. Specialized protein transport systems—known as type VII secretion systems (T7SSs)—are central to the virulence of this pathogen, and are also crucial for nutrient and metabolite transport across the mycobacterial cell envelope2,3. Here we present the structure of an intact T7SS inner-membrane complex of M. tuberculosis. We show how the 2.32-MDa ESX-5 assembly, which contains 165 transmembrane helices, is restructured and stabilized as a trimer of dimers by the MycP5 protease. A trimer of MycP5 caps a central periplasmic dome-like chamber that is formed by three EccB5 dimers, with the proteolytic sites of MycP5 facing towards the cavity. This chamber suggests a central secretion and processing conduit. Complexes without MycP5 show disruption of the EccB5 periplasmic assembly and increased flexibility, which highlights the importance of MycP5 for complex integrity. Beneath the EccB5–MycP5 chamber, dimers of the EccC5 ATPase assemble into three bundles of four transmembrane helices each, which together seal the potential central secretion channel. Individual cytoplasmic EccC5 domains adopt two distinctive conformations that probably reflect different secretion states. Our work suggests a previously undescribed mechanism of protein transport and provides a structural scaffold to aid in the development of drugs against this major human pathogen.