bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grieving geographies, mourning waters: Life, death, and environmental gendered racialized struggles in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez Aguilera Meztli Yoalli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrieving geographies are spaces of complex collective loss due to multiple interconnected forms of violence. Engaging with critical race theory, feminist geography and anthropology, and political ecology, this paper explores the intersections of gender, race, and the environment in Mexico. Black and Indigenous women in the Coast of Oaxaca grieve for the lagoons that are dying in front of them due to governmental and neoliberal policies, but also for the loss of members of their communities due to violence. I argue that facing the slow death of their lagoons system, plus everyday forms of violence, Black and Indigenous women organize to defend life, livelihood, and the lagoons in their community. These women have created everyday practices of resistance and alternative economies based on care and solidarity. This article explores environmental racism in Latin America, specifically where mestizaje ideology was imposed, and the affective relationship between human and other‐than‐human beings.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,4‐benzothiazine derivatives as potential COX‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Meenakshi Maniarasu , Antojenifer Panneerselvam , Karthikeyan Muthusamy , Prahalathan Chidambaram , Srinivasan Kannupal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of new 2H‐benzo[1,4]thiazine derivatives were synthesized from aroylmethylidene malonates and o‐aminothiophenols by condensation/cyclization methodology in order to evaluate their COX‐2 inhibitory activity. In‐silico studies indicated that among the synthesized compounds, 5i could serve as a potential candidate for the task. So, compound 5i was taken as a model ligand for in vitro studies. The favorable outcome of the studies showed that compound 5i is indeed an excellent inhibitor of COX‐2.
HIV PrEP is more than ART‐lite: Longitudinal study of real‐world PrEP services data identifies missing measures meaningful to HIV prevention programming
Authors: Reed Jason Bailey , Shrestha Prakriti , Were Daniel , Chakare Tafadzwa , Mutegi Jane , Wakhutu Brian , Musau Abednego , Nonyana Nyane Matebello , Christensen Alice , Patel Rupa , Rodrigues Jessica , Eakle Robyn , Curran Kelly , Mohan Diwakar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvidence indicates HIV oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious and effective. Substantial early discontinuation rates are reported by many programs, which may be misconstrued as program failure. However, PrEP use may be non‐continuous and still effective, since HIV risk fluctuates. Real‐world PrEP use phenomena, like restarting and cyclical use, and the temporal characteristics of these use patterns are not well described. The objective of our study was to characterize and identify predictors of use patterns observed in large PrEP scale‐up programs in Africa.MethodsWe analysed demographic and clinical data routinely collected during client visits between 2017 and 2019 in three Jhpiego‐supported programs in Kenya, Lesotho and Tanzania. We characterized duration on/off PrEP and, using ordinal regression, modelled the likelihood of spending additional time off and identified factors associated with increasing cycle number. The Andersen‐Gill model was used to identify predictors of time to PrEP discontinuation. To analyse factors associated with a client's first return following initiation, we used a two‐step Heckman probit.ResultsAmong 47,532 clients initiating PrEP, approximately half returned for follow‐up. With each increase in cycle number, time off PrEP between use cycles decreased. The Heckman first‐step model showed an increased probability of returning versus not by older age groups and among key and vulnerable population groups versus the general population; in the second‐step model older age groups and key and vulnerable populations were less likely in Kenya, but more likely in Lesotho, to return on‐time (refill) versus delayed (restarting).ConclusionsPrEP users frequently cycle on and off PrEP. Early discontinuation and delays in obtaining additional prescriptions were common, with broad predictive variability noted. Time off PrEP decreased with cycle number in all countries, suggesting normalization of use with experience. More nuanced measures of use are needed than exist for HIV treatment if effective use of PrEP is to be meaningfully measured. Providers should be equipped with measures and counselling messages that recognize non‐continuous and cyclical use patterns so that clients are supported to align fluctuating risk and use, and can readily restart PrEP after stopping, in effect empowering them further to make their own prevention choices.
Iron deficiency in pregnancy: Influence on sleep, behavior, and molecular markers of adult male offspring
Authors: Franco Beatriz , Mota Diego Silva , Daubian‐Nosé Paulo , Rodrigues Natália de Almeida , Simino Laís Angélica de Paula , de Fante Thaís , Bezerra Rosangela Maria Neves , Manchado Gobatto Fúlvia de Barros , Manconi Mauro , Torsoni Adriana Souza , Esteves Andrea Maculano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron restriction during pregnancy can lead to iron deficiency and changes in the dopaminergic system in the adulthood of offspring, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) is closely related to these changes. Objectives: Analyze whether iron restriction during pregnancy would cause changes in the behavior, sleep, and dopaminergic system of the male offspring. In addition, we aimed to assess whether exercise would be able to modulate these variables. The pregnant rats (Wistar) were divided into four groups with different concentrations of iron in the diet: standard (St), supplementation (Su), restriction since weaning (R1), and restriction only during pregnancy (R2). After birth, the offspring were assigned to their respective groups according to the dams diet (St, Su, R1, and R2) and distributed into sedentary (SD) and exercised (EX) (for 8 weeks of training), reaching eight groups of offspring (O): OSt SD, OSt EX, OSu SD, OSu EX, OR1 SD, OR1 EX, OR2 SD, and OR2 EX. Sleep, behavior, and analysis of key genes of dopaminergic system (D2, DAT) were performed after 8 weeks. The results for trained offspring that the mother received supplementation diet were the most expressive, with increased freezing and the OR1 SD group showed an increase in DAT protein content. These changes may have been due to the association between the dams diet during pregnancy and the practice of exercise by the offspring. The different concentrations of iron during pregnancy caused changes in the offspring, however, they were not associated with fetal programming in the context of RLS.
Is it reasonable for the use of Rh‐ee blood? A hospital‐based survey from a southern medical center in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hua , Yeh Chi‐Jung , Ting Shuo‐Chun , Chuang Tzer‐Ming , Ke Ya‐Lun , Yeh Tsung‐Jang , Gau Yu‐Chin , Du Jeng‐Shiun , Hsiao Chi‐En , Wang Hui‐Ching , Cho Shih‐Feng , Hsu Chin‐Mu , Liu Yi‐Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentification of alloantibodies and achieving a reduction in the rate of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization are important issues to prevent transfusion complications. The aim of this study was to identify the antigen and alloantibodies in our patients and to study the association of alloimmunization with previous transfusion. Transfusion records from the blood bank of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Antigen and antibody identification was performed using routine blood bank methods. In total, 56,422 transfusion records from 2015 to 2017 were included in the study. Among them, 1858 alloantibody episodes were found in the pre‐transfusion survey, and anti‐Mia, anti‐E, and cold antibodies were the most common alloantibodies, with a prevalence of 3.29% (1858/56,422). Among them, 130 episodes involved newly found alloantibodies with no alloantibodies found in the previous transfusion survey. Tracing back to these newly transfusion‐induced alloantibodies, the antibody was found with a mean of 10.8 ± 7.8 units of packed RBC transfusion, a mean of 66.3 ± 52.8 days, and with a mean of 4.3 ± 2.7 times of transfusion from the first transfusion therapy. An antibody survey revealed that Rh‐ee (62.1%) was the most common phenotype in these newly identified antibodies. In summary, this hospital‐based study revealed that RBC alloantibody rates were present at rates of 3.29%, with anti‐Mia, anti‐E, and cold antibodies being the most common alloantibodies. Among them, anti‐E was the most commonly developed alloantibody. Given that the Rh‐ee group is the most common phenotype in our population, the strategy of using Rh‐ee blood for Rh‐ee recipients is reasonable for transfusion safety.
Sensate total clitoris reconstruction via microneurovascular dorsal foot web space flap with pudendal nerve coaptation
Authors: Oles Norah , Preston Stephanie , Leto Barone Angelo A. , Khan Aadil , Coon Devin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRevision surgery after gender‐affirming genitoplasty is becoming more and more common as more patients gain access to surgical treatment. The complexity of genitoplasty and extensive dissection of delicate tissues predisposes patients to necrosis of the flap(s) employed, which can leave patients with complications ranging from poor aesthetics to total lack of genital sensation. The purpose of this report is to detail the revision surgery of a 32‐year‐old transgender woman who underwent vaginoplasty at an outside institution and presented to our clinic for clitoral reconstruction following necrosis and near‐total loss of the neoclitoris. Physical exam showed extensive necrosis, and 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance (MRI) revealed significant scarring of the pudendal nerve branches at the level of the pubic symphysis. Healthy nerve was identified at the level of the right inferior pubic ramus, and total clitoral reconstruction with an innervated first dorsal web space free flap anastamosed to the deep inferior epigastric vessels was performed. Complications included donor site cellulitis with partial loss of the skin graft and formation of hypertrophic scar tissue. This was treated 6 months postoperatively with excision of scar tissue in the webspace and placement of an additional full‐thickness skin graft. At follow‐up, the patient reported tactile and erogenous sensation of the neoclitoris itself and subjective satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome. Our results provide evidence that this flap is a feasible option to create an aesthetic and sensate neoclitoris in the setting of previous neoclitoral necrosis. This case report also describes the novel use of 3‐Tesla MRI in target selection for nerve coaptation.
Social connectedness among parents raising children in low‐income communities: An integrative review
Authors: Plesko Corinne M. , Yu Zhiyuan , Tobin Karin , Gross Deborah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial isolation has been linked to numerous health risks, including depression and mortality. Parents raising children in low‐income and under‐resourced communities are at an increased risk for experiencing social isolation and its negative effects. Social connectedness (SC), one's sense of belongingness and connection to other people, or a community, has been linked to reduced social isolation and improved health outcomes in the general population, yet little is known about the impact SC has on parents with low incomes. This integrative review aims to describe the current state of the science surrounding SC in parents with low incomes, summarize how SC is being defined and measured, evaluate the quality of the science, and identify gaps in the literature to guide future research. Five electronic databases were searched, yielding 15 articles for inclusion. Empirical studies meeting the following criteria were included: population focused on parents who have low incomes or live in low‐income communities and have dependent children, outcomes were parent‐centered, SC was a study variable or a qualitative finding, and publication date was before March 2021. Findings emphasize SC as a promising construct that may be protective in the health and well‐being of parents and children living in low‐income communities. However, a lack of consensus on definitions and measures of SC makes it difficult to build a strong science base for understanding these potential benefits. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which SC works to benefit parents and their children.
Generalizability and accuracy of IBM MarketScan health risk assessment instrument data for augmentation of commercial claims data
Authors: Albogami Yasser , Wei Yu‐Jung J. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the generalizability and accuracy of the IBM® MarketScan® Health Risk Assessment (HRA) data to assess its suitability as supplement to linked claims data.MethodsWe identified adult private insurance enrollees in the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims & Encounters (CC&E) and HRA databases between 2012 and 2017. In the claims data, for each enrollee, we sampled the first calendar year with continuous enrollment indicating full capture of claims data and extracted linked HRA survey data if available. We compared HRA participants and non‐participants considering demographics, prevalences of chronic conditions, and healthcare utilization. Including the subsample with HRA data only, we estimated the negative predictive value (NPV) of obesity and smoking reported in the HRA against diagnosis code in the claims data.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2017, 2 693 444 and 31 450 000 of HRA and non‐HRA participants were included in the study, respectively. Chronic diseases were similarly distributed between the two populations, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia representing the highest prevalence difference (1.4%). The two samples showed similar healthcare utilization. The proportion of false‐negatives for obesity and smoking information when relying on the HRA data compared to patients with positive diagnosis based on claims data was low (<1%). Prevalence estimates of both variables were similar to national estimates.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the overall HRA population may represent the overall claims population and HRA provides certain data elements with satisfactory accuracy.
SMOG 2 and OpenSMOG: Extending the limits of structure‐based models
Authors: de Oliveira Antonio B. , Contessoto Vinícius G. , Hassan Asem , Byju Sandra , Wang Ailun , Wang Yang , Dodero‐Rojas Esteban , Mohanty Udayan , Noel Jeffrey K. , Onuchic Jose N. , Whitford Paul C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractApplying simulations with structure‐based models has proven to be an effective strategy for investigating the factors that control biomolecular dynamics. The common element of these models is that some (or all) of the intra/inter‐molecular interactions are explicitly defined to stabilize an experimentally determined structure. To facilitate the development and application of this broad class of models, we previously released the SMOG 2 software package. This suite allows one to easily customize and distribute structure‐based (i.e., SMOG) models for any type of polymer‐ligand system. The force fields generated by SMOG 2 may then be used to perform simulations in highly optimized MD packages, such as Gromacs, NAMD, LAMMPS, and OpenMM. Here, we describe extensions to the software and demonstrate the capabilities of the most recent version (SMOG v2.4.2). Changes include new tools that aid user‐defined customization of force fields, as well as an interface with the OpenMM simulation libraries (OpenSMOG v1.1.0). The OpenSMOG module allows for arbitrary user‐defined contact potentials and non‐bonded potentials to be employed in SMOG models, without source‐code modifications. To illustrate the utility of these advances, we present applications to systems with millions of atoms, long polymers and explicit ions, as well as models that include non‐structure‐based (e.g., AMBER‐based) energetic terms. Examples include large‐scale rearrangements of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein, the HIV‐1 capsid with explicit ions, and crystallographic lattices of ribosomes and proteins. In summary, SMOG 2 and OpenSMOG provide robust support for researchers who seek to develop and apply structure‐based models to large and/or intricate biomolecular systems.
Factors and loose Hamilton cycles in sparse pseudo‐random hypergraphs
Authors: Hàn Hiệp , Han Jie , Morris Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigate the emergence of subgraphs in sparse pseudo‐random k‐uniform hypergraphs, using the following comparatively weak notion of pseudo‐randomness. A k‐uniform hypergraph H on n vertices is called ‐pseudo‐random if for all (not necessarily disjoint) vertex subsets
with we have
urn:x-wiley:rsa:media:rsa21052:rsa21052-math-0004For any linear k‐uniform F, we provide a bound on in terms of and F, such that (under natural divisibility assumptions on n) any k‐uniform ‐pseudo‐random n‐vertex hypergraph H with a mild minimum vertex degree condition contains an F‐factor. The approach also enables us to establish the existence of loose Hamilton cycles in sufficiently pseudo‐random hypergraphs and, along the way, we also derive conditions which guarantee the appearance of any fixed sized subgraph. All results imply corresponding bounds for stronger notions of hypergraph pseudo‐randomness such as jumbledness or large spectral gap. As a consequence, ‐pseudo‐random k‐graphs as above contain: (i) a perfect matching if and (ii) a loose Hamilton cycle if . This extends the works of Lenz–Mubayi, and Lenz–Mubayi–Mycroft who studied the analogous problems in the dense setting.
Ionic Liquid‐Functionalized CQDs as Effective “Signal‐Off” Fluorescence Nanoprobes for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Iron (III) and Chromium (VI)
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jian , Tian Pei , Wang Xiaojian , Qian Wenzhen , Huang Guowei , Liu Xi , Liu Baoyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonic liquid‐functionalized carbon quantum dots (ILCQDs) were directly synthesized by one‐pot pyrolysis from citric acid and 1‐aminopropyl‐3‐methyl imidazole bromide. ILCQDs emitting blue fluorescence and exhibiting photoluminescence quantum yield of 5.69 % were characterized by TEM, SAED, SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV‐vis, fluorescence, zeta potential, TGA and 1HNMR. They were nanoparticles with high surface positive charges. Meanwhile, ILCQDs exhibited excitation‐dependence, stability and superior water dispersibility. Due to static quenching and internal filtering effects, their fluorescence was effectively quenched by Fe3+ and CrVI. Consequently, they were exactly developed as effective “signal‐off” fluorescent nanoprobes for selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ and CrVI. ILCQDs‐based fluorescent nanoprobes had wider linear ranges and the limits of detection for Fe3+ cation and CrVI anion reached as low as 11.38 μM and 4.04 μM, respectively. More importantly, ILCQDs were successfully applied to detection of CrVI in practical water samples and recoveries were 91.59 %–101.28 %, suggesting ILCQDs had promising application in environmental analysis.
Fast healing conductive polymer composite based on carbon black and polyurethane containing disulfide bonds
Authors: Mai Van‐Dung , Nguyen Dinh Cung Tien , Vu Van‐Phu , Lee Soo‐Hyoung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electrically conductive healing polymer composites, which have the ability to recover conductivity after damage, are promising candidates as electrodes for electrical devices. In this work, a solvent casting method was used to prepare a healing conductive polymer composite of polyurethane (PU) and carbon black (CB). PU contains dynamic disulfide bonds that can undergo metathesis inducing a fast healing property. The electrical conductivity of the PU/CB composite is recovered by heating at 70°C for 1 min as a result of the synergistic effect of the hydrogen bond and disulfide metathesis. The tensile test shows complete recovery of stress but lower strain after cut and heals at 70°C for 1 h. The fast healing electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical property recovery along with easy preparation offer this PU/CB composite as a prospective candidate for optoelectronic and energy‐related devices.
Dynamical Analysis of Quantum Annealing
Authors: Coolen Anthony C. C. , Nikoletopoulos Theodore , Arai Shunta , Tanaka Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantum annealing aims to provide a faster method than classical computing for finding the minima of complicated functions, and it has created increasing interest in the relaxation dynamics of quantum spin systems. Moreover, problems in quantum annealing caused by first-order phase transitions can be reduced via appropriate temporal adjustment of control parameters, and in order to do this optimally, it is helpful to predict the evolution of the system at the level of macroscopic observables. Solving the dynamics of quantum ensembles is nontrivial, requiring modeling of both the quantum spin system and its interaction with the environment with which it exchanges energy. An alternative approach to the dynamics of quantum spin systems was proposed about a decade ago. It involves creating stochastic proxy dynamics via the Suzuki-Trotter mapping of the quantum ensemble to a classical one (the quantum Monte Carlo method), and deriving from this new dynamics closed macroscopic equations for macroscopic observables using the dynamical replica method. In this chapter, we give an introduction to this approach, focusing on the ideas and assumptions behind the derivations, and on its potential and limitations.
Optimization of Evacuation and Walking-Home Routes from Osaka City After a Nankai Megathrust Earthquake Using Road Network Big Data
Authors: Takizawa Atsushi , Kawagishi Yutaka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen a disaster such as a large earthquake occurs, the resulting breakdown in public transportation leaves urban areas with many people who are struggling to return home. With people from various surrounding areas gathered in the city, unusually heavy congestion may occur on the roads when the commuters start to return home all at once on foot. In this chapter, it is assumed that a large earthquake caused by the Nankai Trough occurs at 2 p.m. on a weekday in Osaka City, where there are many commuters. We then assume a scenario in which evacuation from a resulting tsunami is carried out in the flooded area and people return home on foot in the other areas. At this time, evacuation and returning-home routes with the shortest possible travel times are obtained by solving the evacuation planning problem. However, the road network big data for Osaka City make such optimization difficult. Therefore, we propose methods for simplifying the large network while keeping those properties necessary for solving the optimization problem and then recovering the network. The obtained routes are then verified by large-scale pedestrian simulation, and the effect of the optimization is verified.
Oracle-Based Primal-Dual Algorithms for Packing and Covering Semidefinite Programs
Authors: Elbassioni Khaled , Makino Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPacking and covering semidefinite programs (SDPs) appear in natural relaxations of many combinatorial optimization problems as well as a number of other applications. Recently, several techniques have been proposed that utilize the particular structure of this class of problems in order to obtain more efficient algorithms than those offered by general SDP solvers. For certain applications, it may be necessary to deal with SDPs with a very large number of (e.g., exponentially or even infinitely many) constraints. In this chapter, we give an overview of some of the techniques that can be used to solve this class of problems, focusing on multiplicative weight updates and logarithmic-potential methods.