bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Premotor Corticospinal Projections Are Engaged in Motor Preparation at Discrete Time Intervals: A TMS-Induced Virtual Lesion Study
Authors: Fleischmann Robert , Triller Paul , Brandt Stephan A. , Schmidt Sein H. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The significance of pre-motor (PMC) corticospinal projections in a frontoparietal motor network remains elusive. Temporal activation patterns can provide valuable information about a region's engagement in a hierarchical network. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS)-induced virtual lesions provide an excellent method to study cortical physiology by disrupting ongoing activity at high temporal resolution and anatomical precision. We use nTMS-induced virtual lesions applied during an established behavioral task demanding pre-motor activation to clarify the temporal activation pattern of pre-motor corticospinal projections.Materials and Methods: Ten healthy volunteers participated in the experiment (4 female, mean age 24 ± 2 years, 1 left-handed). NTMS was used to map Brodmann areae 4 and 6 for primary motor (M1) and PMC corticospinal projections. We then determined the stimulator output intensity required to elicit a 1 mV motor evoked potential (1 mV-MT) through M1 nTMS. TMS pulse were randomly delivered at distinct time intervals (40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 ms) at 1 mV-MT intensity to M1, PMC and the DLPFC (dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex; control condition) before participants had to perform major changes of their trajectory of movement during a tracing task. Each participant performed six trials (20 runs per trial). Task performance and contribution of regions under investigation was quantified through calculating the tracing error induced by the stimulation.Results: A pre-motor stimulation hotspot could be identified in all participants (16.3 ± 1.7 mm medial, 18.6 ± 1.4 mm anterior to the M1 hotspot). NTMS over studied regions significantly affected task performance at discrete time intervals (F(10, 80) = 3.25, p = 0.001). NTMS applied over PMC 120 and 140 ms before changes in movement trajectory impaired task performance significantly more than when applied over M1 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.003) or DLPFC (p = 0.017 and p &lt; 0.001). Stimulation intensity did not account for error size (β = −0.0074, p = 1).Conclusions: We provide novel evidence that the role of pre-motor corticospinal projections extends beyond that of simple corticospinal motor output. Their activation is crucial for task performance early in the stage of motor preparation suggesting a significant role in shaping voluntary movement. Temporal patterns of human pre-motor activation are similar to that observed in intracortical electrophysiological studies in primates.
Significant Association Between XRCC1 Expression and Its rs25487 Polymorphism and Radiotherapy-Related Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Gong Li , Luo Ming , Sun Renhuang , Qiu Li , Chen Chunli , Luo Zhiguo 
Published: May 2021

Background/AimsXRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1) expression and its single nucleotide polymorphism XRCC1 rs25487 (G&gt;A) may be related to radiotherapy-related cancer prognosis or radiation-induced side effects. However, this association is controversial. We performed a bioinformatic analysis and a meta-analysis to obtain comprehensive results.MethodsTCGA data sets and eligible publications published before November 31, 2020 were retrieved by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases. ORs (odds ratios) and HRs (hazard ratios) with their corresponding 95% CIs (confidence intervals) were calculated to evaluate associations. For XRCC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we employed three types of comparisons: GA vs GG, AA vs GG and GA+AA vs GG.ResultsSixty nine articles with 10232 patients and 17 TCGA data sets with 2705 patients were included in the analysis. We observed that high XRCC1 expression was associated with an increased risk of minor treatment response and poor overall survival, XRCC1 rs25487 was associated with reduced risk of minor treatment response in esophageal cancer and an increased risk of high-grade side effects in head and neck cancer.ConclusionThe results suggest that XRCC1 expression and rs25487 polymorphism are prognostic factors for patients receiving radiotherapy-related treatment. Considering the insufficient treatment parameters provided and the various sample sizes in most of the studies, we suggest that genetic association studies related to radiation-based treatment should include more cancer types with sufficient statistical power and more detailed clinical parameters.
Kawasaki Disease Complicated by Late-Onset Fatal Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Lin , Duan Hongyu , Zhou Kaiyu , Hua Yimin , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2021

Background:Cerebral infarction is a rare neurological complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) and occurs in the acute or subacute stage. There have been no reported cases of late-onset fatal cerebral infarction presenting over 1 year after the onset of KD.Case Presentation:A 5-month-old male patient with KD received timely intravenous immunoglobulin therapy; however, extensive coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) and coronary artery thrombosis (CAT) developed 1 month later. Anticoagulation and thrombolytic agents were suggested, but the child's parents refused. Fifteen months after KD onset, an attack of syncope left him with left hemiplegia; brain computerized tomography (CT) scans revealed cerebral infarction of the right basal ganglion without hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed severe stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery, and a series of tests were performed to exclude other causes of cerebral infarction. Considering the cerebral infarction and CAT, combination therapy with urokinase and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was initiated within 24 h of syncope onset, together with oral aspirin and clopidogrel. Five days later, his clinical symptoms partially regressed and he was discharged. Unfortunately, 5 days after discharge, his clinical condition suddenly deteriorated. Repeat brain CT showed hemorrhagic stroke involving the entire left cerebral area, in addition to the previous cerebral infarction in the right basal ganglion, with obvious secondary cerebral swelling and edema, which might have been caused by previous thrombolysis. Severe cerebral hernias developed quickly. Regrettably, the patient's parents abandoned treatment because of economic factors and unfavorable prognosis, and he died soon after.Conclusions:Cerebral infarction and cerebral artery stenosis can develop late, even 1 year after the onset of KD. Pediatricians should be aware of the possibility of cerebrovascular involvement in addition to cardiac complications during long-term follow-up of KD patients. Prompt anticoagulation therapy and regular neuroimaging evaluation are essential for the management of patients with KD with giant CAA and/or CAT.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Picture Book Reading Program on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged People
Authors: Iizuka Ai , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ogawa Susumu , Takahashi Tomoya , Cho Daisuke , Yamashiro Daichi , Sato Kenichiro , Li Yan , Kanabe Yuri , Kobayashi Momoko , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: May 2021

Background: To delay cognitive decline, it is important to engage actively in preventive activities from middle age (50–64 years of age). We have developed a cognitive intervention program using picture book reading, and demonstrated that it is effective for improving memory in older adults. However, the effect of the intervention on memory and other cognitive functions in middle-aged people has not been examined. The current study investigated the effects of the picture book reading program on cognitive function in middle-aged people.Methods: This single-blind (examiners were blinded) randomized controlled trial was conducted in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 65 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) (n = 32), in which members attended 12 picture book reading classes held once a week, or the active control group (CG) (n = 33), in which members received lectures on health maintenance. Cognitive tests were conducted before and after the intervention. The primary outcome was memory, and the secondary outcomes were verbal function and executive function.Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the IG and the CG in change scores (post minus pre) for memory. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in change scores of the category fluency, which is a measure of verbal function, suggesting improvements in IG compared to CG. There were also no significant differences in executive function.Conclusions: The results indicated that our previous finding of an improvement in memory function in older adults was not found in middle-aged people. However, the findings suggest that the picture book reading program may affect lexical access ability in verbal function among middle-aged people. Because maintaining verbal function is important for daily communication, these findings suggest that this program may be a useful countermeasure for cognitive decline in middle-aged people.Clinical Trial Registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048012, Identifier: UMIN 000042071
Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the General Anxiety Disorder Scale Among Chinese Medical University Students
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Tingting , Zeng Ping , Zhao Minghao , Zhang Guifang , Zhai Shuo , Meng Lingbing , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Deping 
Published: May 2021

Background: Medical students are affected by high levels of general anxiety disorder. However, few studies have specifically focused on the applicability of universal anxiety screening tools in this sample. This study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric property of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) among Chinese medical university students.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,021 medical postgraduates from six polyclinic hospitals. Internal consistency and convergent validity of the GAD-7 were evaluated. Factor analyses were used to test the construct validity of the scale. An item response theory (IRT) framework was used to estimate the parameters of each item. Multi-group confirmatory analyses and differential item function analyses were used to evaluate the measurement equivalence of the GAD-7 across age, gender, educational status, and residence.Results: Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.93 and the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. The GAD-7 summed score was significantly correlated with measures of depression symptoms, perceived stress, sleep disorders, and life satisfaction. Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure of the GAD-7. Seven items showed appropriate discrimination and difficulty parameters. The GAD-7 showed good measurement equivalence across demographic characteristics. The total test information of the scale was 22.85, but the test information within the range of mild symptoms was relatively low.Conclusions: The GAD-7 has good reliability, validity, and measurement invariance among Chinese medical postgraduate students, but its measurement precision for mild anxiety symptoms is insufficient.
An Effective Life–Sex–Emotions Course for Taiwanese Adolescents on Health Perceptions: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chao Kuo-Yu , Cheng Wei 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood, when young people go through a number of vital physical and psychological developments. It is surprising yet unfortunate that the number of teenage suicide deaths and teenage infections of gonorrhea have increased over the years, becoming serious public health concerns in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an education course on teenagers' understanding of adolescence and their attitudes toward life, sex, gender equality, and mental health.Material and Methods: Participants were comprised of Taiwanese students in Grades 5 to 9 who completed a Life–Sex–Emotions course, titled “Sailing through Adolescence.” The effect of the course was measured using pre- and post-test scores on the Perception Index of Life–Sex–Emotions Education (PILSEE) instrument. Qualitative data included subjective responses to questions before and after the course. Data were collected between September 2017 and June 2020.Results: A total of 10,506 completed questionnaires were collected. The mean PILSEE pretest scores for each subscale ranged from 8.71 to 13.37 (SD = 1.499–1.99); posttest subscale scores ranged from 9.30 to 13.95 (SD range = 1.490–2.288). The mean overall pretest score was 86.86 (SD = 10.83); the mean posttest score was 92.62 (SD = 10.30). The paired t-test demonstrated that post-test scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (t = 55.46; p &lt; 0.01). Qualitative feedback indicated that the course improved students' self-esteem, their understanding adolescence, and awareness of influences of the media.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that an educational course about life, sex, and emotions during adolescence can be an effective intervention to help teenagers understand the impact of adolescence on attitudes toward life, sex, mental health, and gender equality.
Activación de vínculos de vecindad y amistad.
Authors: Luján David 
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se recuperan aportes de la categoría de trabajo político y estudios
socioantropológicos del clientelismo para poner de relieve, a partir de un trabajo de
campo etnográfico, las estrategias de algunos candidatos a concejal en Chile para obtener el voto popular durante las elecciones municipales de 2016, así como sus interacciones con distintos operadores y potenciales votantes, profundizando en la campaña
de un candidato a concejal por la Democracia Cristiana (DC). Los hallazgos animan
a mejorar nuestra comprensión de los recursos, destrezas y habilidades implicados
en la conquista del voto, la conexión entre organización electoral y tramas locales, así
como el modo en que se dan las relaciones entre electores, intermediarios y candidatos.
Pengaruh Nilai Ujian Nasional Matematika terhadap Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif, Mathematics Anxiety dan Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Rayoan Florianus Martinus 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the national mathematics exam scores on grade point average (GPA), mathematics anxiety, and self-regulated learning of the second-year students of Mathematics Education study program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Nusa Cendana University in a multivariate manner. This study is a correlation research which was conducted at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Nusa Cendana University. The population in this study were the mathematics education program students, Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Nusa Cendana University. The samples consist of 73 students. Data collection techniques used in this research are online questionnaires and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques used in this research are simple linear regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and also hypothesis testing using the t-test and probability level. The result shows that (1) tvalue<ttable = 0,397<1.99394 so that there is no significant influence of the national mathematics exam scores on the students’ GPA, (2) tvalue<t table = -0.270<1.99394 so that there is no significant influence of national examination scores on mathematics anxiety, (3) tvalue<t table = 0,560<1.99394 so that there is no influence between the national math test scores on self-regulated learning, and (4) the MANOVA test shows that the GPA has a significance level of 0.693>0.05, while mathematics anxiety shows a significance level of 0.848>0.05, and self-regulated learning shows a significance level of 0.540>0.05. In conclusion, the national mathematics exam scores in a multivariate manner do not influence the GPA, mathematics anxiety, and self-regulated learning.
Keywords: gpa, manova, mathematics anxiety, mathematics national examination scores, self-regulated learning, simple linear regression analysis
TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO NA PERSPECTIVA DOS ORGANISMOS MULTILATERAIS
Authors: Leite Valter de Jesus , Borges Liliam Faria Porto , Faustino Rosângela Célia 
Published: May 2021

Evidencia os interesses dos organismos multilaterais na interface trabalho e educação por trás da retórica de combate e eliminação da pobreza. A metodologia utilizada foi um levantamento documental das produções e relatórios dos organismos multilaterais compreendidos enquanto desdobramento da Conferência Mundial sobre Educação Para Todos (1990), assim como, a revisão bibliográfica de autores que debatem a temática. Verifica-se nos documentos a análise da relação entre trabalho e educação sob a égide do combate e eliminação da pobreza e, a educação assume, assim, um caráter salvacionista. A orientação das reformas educacionais se dá em face da dinâmica do capital prover as necessidades básicas de aprendizagem, competências, habilidades e qualificações necessárias para o desenvolvimento econômico e social, na busca de uma suposta equidade social. Ancorada no binômio pobreza-segurança, a veemência da política-ideológica e de seu direcionamento de reformas estruturais nas políticas educacionais está na pretensão de combater a pobreza por propiciar clima desfavorável aos negócios. Nessa perspectiva, a educação colabora na sustentação do controle político da burguesia mundial sobre os processos educativos direcionados para reestruturação produtiva na divisão internacional do trabalho. O trabalho permite concluir que a interface “educação e trabalho” nesta perspectiva, assume um caráter pragmático e unidimensional para formação de recursos humanos – o chamado Capital Humano.
Management of immune thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Semochkin S. V. , Mitina T. A. , Tolstykh T. N. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health professionals and patients suffering from haematological diseases with embarrassed diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, social distancing and other constraints.Aim — addressing therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of own experience, as well as national and international professional medical community guidelines.Main findings. A standard choice in COVID-19-negative ITP patients are conventional, e.g., glucocorticosteroid (GCS) and intravenous immunoglobulin therapies. An early transfer to thrombopoietin receptor agonists (rTPO) appears optimal as reducing the infection risk in GCS withdrawal and significantly improving the stable remission rate without supportive treatment. Combined ITP–COVID-19 patients should consider a prednisolone treatment of 20 mg/day, provided an absent active bleeding. The dose may increase to 1 mg/kg/day in no response after 3–5 days. ITP patients admitted for COVID-19 should start weight‐based LMWH thromboprophylaxis upon attaining a platelet count of ≥ 30 × 109 /L. Chronic ITP patients should carry on usual treatment with standard SARS-CoV-2 preventive and social distancing measures. We exemplify three contrasting clinical cases of COVID-19-comorbid thrombocytopenia and discuss the ITP differential diagnosis and therapy. Two patients received GCSs and rTPO agonists (romiplostim, eltrombopag), while GCSs alone provided for platelet response in the third case. All patients showed a good clinical and biological response. Issues in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are discussed.
Identifi cation of ABO, RH and KEL blood group antigens with serology and genotyping methods
Authors: Chumak A. A. , Belyakova V. V. , Maiorova O. A. , Pukhlikova T. V. , Kravchuk O. A. , Mishakina S. V. , Donskaya O. V. , Daniletz V. V. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Blood transfusion is a strong practice in traumatology, internal medicine, haematology, obstetrics and transplantation, which demands safety of haemotransfusion with estimating the red blood cell group antigens in donor and recipient blood. Routine immunotyping techniques usually provide for an antigen identification to weak subgroups, albeit with certain inherent limitations of serology tests that can be overcome in a genotyping approach.Aim — performance assessment of serology and genotyping methods in the ABO, RH and KEL blood group identification.Materials and methods. A total of 55,489 donor and 1,898 patient blood samples have been analysed. Ambiguous cases of chimerism, panagglutination and inconsistent results were tackled with genotyping. Serology tests were performed with gel cards. Whole blood DNA extraction was performed with Qiagen chemistry. Allele-specific PCR was used for the erythrocyte ABO, RH and KEL antigen genotyping with BAG Diagnostics commercial kits and a 2% agarose gel product detection. Sanger sequencing was used to complement genotyping.Results. A combined use of serology tests and genotyping allowed a successful erythrocyte antigen-based blood group and Rh-status assignment in 26 donors and patients with ambiguous blood typing.Conclusion. Genotyping coupled with serologic methods can be advised in a hampered blood group identification.
Diagnosis and choice of haemostatic therapy during surgery in patients with combined coagulation factor V and VIII defi ciency
Authors: Yakovleva E. V. , Efimov I. V. , Kostin A. I. , Gasanov A. M. , Azimova M. Kh. , Orel E. B. , Lavrova P. S. , Konyashina N. I. , Surin V. L. , Pshenichnikova O. S. , Sats N. V. , Zozulya N. I. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Among the most common congenital coagulopathies are haemophilia and Von Willebrand disease. These illnesses are often mimicked by orphan hereditary coagulopathies, including combined coagulation factor V and VIII deficiency.Aim — description of a clinical presentation, hampered diagnosis and choice of haemostatic therapy in a surgical patient with combined blood coagulation factor V and VIII deficiency.Main findings. We describe a clinical case of congenital combined factor V and VIII deficiency and detail the aetiology, frequency, localisation and intensity of haemorrhages. Comorbidity and surgical indications are demonstrated to require an inter-specialty medical involvement.
Penerapan Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Menggunakan Permainan untuk Membantu Meningkatkan Penerimaan Diri Siswa
Authors: Ulan Arni , Idris Idriani , Alwi Nurul Maulida 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan teknik permainan melalui bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan penerimaan diri siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 8 Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif terhadap 10 subjek penelitian yang merupakan siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 8 Makassar. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrument observasi. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif komparatif membandingkan kondisi awal dengan siklus kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan yang berarti signifikan yaitu penerapan teknik permainan dalam bimbingan kelompok dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan diri siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 8 Makassar. Hal ini terbukti dari keberhasilan siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok pada siklus pertama ke siklus kedua meningkat dari tinggi menjadi sangat tinggi dan dari kondisi awal dengan kategori sedang meningkat ke siklus 2 dengan kategori sangat tinggi .