bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polymorphism of rs2227513 can affect the expression of IL-22 and the proliferation of FLS, which leads to the progress of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yi Jinping , Quan Lijuan , Yi Chufeng , Huang Zikun , Chen Xiaowen 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionMiR-101 rs7536540 may influence the expression of miR-101 and another polymorphism, rs2227513, which in turn affects the expression of IL-22, . However, studies on the combined effect of these polymorphisms are still scarce.Material and methodsQuantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of miR-101 and IL-22 mRNA. ELISA and Western blot were carried out to examine the expression of IL-22 protein. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the cellular proliferation and apoptosis . Immunofluorescence was performed to measure the expression of p-STAT3. Luciferase assay was carried out to explore the inhibitory role of miR-101 in the expression of IL-22.ResultsThe severity of RA was progressively increased in patients with rs7536540 GG + rs2227513 AA, rs7536540 GG + rs2227513 AG, rs7536540 CC/CG + rs2227513 AA and rs7536540 CC/CG + rs2227513 AG genotypes. The CC/CG alleles at rs7536540 were correlated with up-regulated miR-101 expression in the serum and SF of RA patients, whereas both CC/CG alleles at rs7536540 and AG alleles at rs2227513 were correlated with elevated expression of IL-22. Incubation of FLS with SF isolated from RA patients carrying the CC/CG alleles at rs7536540 and AG alleles at rs2227513 remarkably increased the cell proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of FLS. Luciferase assay demonstrated that the expression of IL-22 was notably suppressed by miR-101 in THP-1 cells.ConclusionsOur study revealed the combined effect of polymorphisms rs7536540 and rs2227513 on the expression of IL-22 and the proliferation of FLS as well as their association with the severity of RA
Yttrium-90 Microspheres for Intermediate- or Advanced-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Young Calvin , Subramonian Anusree , Argáez Charlene 
Published: April 2021

Transarterial radioembolization using yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres is a therapeutic option for patients with intermediate- or advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, including those with recurrent or inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Overall, the evidence suggests that patients treated with 90Y-based transarterial radioembolization may experience no difference in overall survival, progression-free survival, and tumour response when compared to patients who received transarterial chemoembolization therapies or systemic treatment with sorafenib or lenvatinib.
Patients treated with transarterial radioembolization generally experienced similar rates of adverse events compared to those treated with transarterial chemoembolization, although there were some instances where treatment with transarterial radioembolization led to increased or decreased risks of specific adverse events. The comparative safety of transarterial radioembolization versus systemic treatment with sorafenib was unclear as the included studies did not statistically compare the risks of experiencing adverse events.
Evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of 90Y microspheres for treating hepatocellular carcinoma is conflicting. Three economic evaluations suggest treatment with transarterial radioembolization is likely to be cost-effective or dominant — less costly and more effective — compared to transarterial chemoembolization or systemic therapies, while a single economic study suggested treatment with sorafenib or lenvatinib is most likely to be cost-effective or dominant compared to transarterial radioembolization.
Pharmacological Interventions for Vaping Cessation
Authors: Khangura Sara D. , McGill Sarah C. 
Published: April 2021

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other vaping products is on the rise, and the health effects from these products remain uncertain.
No evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of pharmacological vaping cessation interventions were identified.
Some guidelines suggest that it may be reasonable to apply smoking cessation interventions and/or protocols for vaping cessation, but no guidance specific to the use of pharmacotherapy was identified.
Потенциал военной безопасности государства: сущность, структура и особенности
Authors: Harutyunyan Artak 
Published: April 2021

This article deals with the military security potential of the state, its components, which, as you know, are not of constant value. They are changed depending on the stage of the development of a society, its potential, the nature of the existing regime, the maturity of the ruling political elite, and many other conditions.
The aim of this study is to carry out a philosophical-political analysis of the military security of the state and its systems.
In accordance with the aim of the study the following objectives are set:
-	to define the essence of the concept of «military security of the state» as one of the specific types of national security;
-	to consider the essence and content military security potential of the state;
-	to characterize the relationship between the essence of the terms «national» and «military» potential.
Military security presents an integral interconnection of economic, social, political, scientific-technical, spiritual and just military capabilities, which differ from each other in their quality and internal structure.
The allocation of these potentials forming in interaction an integral potential of military security allows directing the process of its development to turn the potential abilities of the state and society into an active factor that meets the requirements for the military security.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Ibu Dengan Keberhasilan Toilet Training Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah (4-6 Tahun) Di Raudhatul Athfal Al-Mu’minin Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Lestari Lusi , Sukmawati Ima , Amanda Devi 
Published: April 2021

Toilet training in children is an attempt to train children so that the children were able to control in the conduct of urination and defecation. Do urinate and defecate, children need good preparation physically, psychologically or intellectually, through the preparation of the expected child able to control bowel movements and urination with independently. Factors that can affect the success of toilet training is parenting the mother or parents. A survey in the United Kingdom, was a half million children aged 6-16 years still love bed wetting, about 17% of children aged five years, 14% of children aged seven years, 9% of children aged nine years old, and 1-2% of the children aged 15 years still bedwetting. As for the cases of bedwetting in children 6 years of age in Indonesia is around 12%.
This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's parenting with successful toilet training in preschoolers (4-6 years) in Raudhatul Athfal Al-Mu'minin District Ciamis. This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional study design. Total population 82 people and sampling by way of purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square test.
The results showed that as many as 63 respondents (100%) that implementing democratic parenting all succeed in toilet training, as much as 2 respondents (100%) that implements the authoritarian parenting all haven't managed to do the toilet training and as many as 3 of the respondents (100%) that implements the permissive parenting all have not succeeded in toilet training. The result of statistical test, p value = 0.000 <(? = 0,05) means that there is a significant correlation between mother care pattern with successful toilet training in preschool age children (4-6 years).
Conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between mother care pattern with successful toilet training in preschool children (4-6 years) in Raudhatul Athfal Al-Mu'minin District Ciamis. It is expected that mothers can apply democratic parenting so that successful toilet training can be achieved.
Audit of CT head request appropriateness for patients referred from emergency department
Authors: Umer Ummara Siddique , Khattak Aruba Nawaz , Khan Aman Nawaz , Alam Shahjehan , Abid Hadia , Jabeen Mahwish , Maqsood Faria , Safi Abdullah , Sundal Anisa 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Considering the usefulness and relative ease of Computerized Tomography (CT) based diagnosis, the propensity to request it in the Emergency Room setting when at times it is not really indicated can become an issue.
Objective: To audit use of CT imaging in the emergency department of Rehman Medical Institute by evaluating the clinical practice for CT referral and compliance with clinical guidelines by NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence).
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted at Radiology Department of Rehman Medical institute Peshawar in Oct-Dec 2019 on 100 patients referred for computed tomography (CT) head scans from the emergency department (ED), mostly performed outside normal working hours. Clinical record and CT reports of patients who had their CT head scans done between 1 January 2018 and September 2019 were reviewed. The imaging record of included patients was reproduced from the Picture Archiving and Communication system (PACS) and laboratory data were reviewed through the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS). Clinical details were reviewed to assess risk factors satisfying NICE criteria for a CT scan in those with head injuries. An urgent CT head scan request was deemed appropriate if it led to an immediate change in patient management. Appropriateness of the requests according to the various guidelines was also evaluated. The NICE guideline 176 was used as a standard of care. Data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: For suspected brain injuries at least one of the NICE criteria was fulfilled by 84 patients, and 3 or more criteria by 16 patients with a history of head injury; 81% scans were both requested and performed in afternoon and night (between 1700 hrs and 0800 hrs). Most (70) patients were males; ages of patients were from 1- 90 years, most being 51-60 years. Most common presenting complaint was altered consciousness (85%); 51% of the advised CT scans were reported normal, 10% had skull fractures (base 2%, vault 8%), 13% extra-axial hemorrhages, 7% contusions, 7% only scalp hematoma, 6% intracerebral hemorrhages. 2% had infarcts and 2% were cerebral abscesses. Common change in patient management included intracranial bleed requiring urgent neurosurgical intervention and hemorrhagic stroke being ruled out. CT head scans also facilitated early discharge of the patients with head injuries and headache from the hospital.
Conclusion: All (100%) patients had CT head in compliance with NICE guidelines and 81% of these were performed in off hours.
Keywords: Head; Tomography; Craniocerebral Trauma.
Una aproximación al seguimiento a egresados de educación no formal en el DCA-FACES
Authors: Ulloa Cadalso Ana Lucia , Matamoros Castro Alex 
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación analiza la formación impartida por el Departamento de Ciencias Aeronáuticas (DCA) de la UNAH para facilitar el seguimiento a egresados. Para lograr este objetivo se hizo una caracterización de los egresados de los diplomados aeronáuticos impartidos por el DCA. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos de consulta: una encuesta y una entrevista; los consultados cumplían con los criterios de: estar activos en el campo para el cual fueron formados, ser profesionales de los que el DCA contaba con sus contactos y mostraron disponibilidad a ser consultados. De los resultados destacan, el uso intensivo de los conocimientos adquiridos y la percepción de los beneficios de la formación recibida; además, los entrevistados mencionaron aportes de los diplomados como la comprensión de los perfiles que interactúan en la aeronáutica, la inducción a la investigación, el proveer una visión global de las Ciencias Aeronáuticas y la aplicación de conocimientos para la mejora de procesos. En el apartado de Discusión se ofrecen entre otras reflexiones las variables que debería incluir un banco de datos de egresados del DCA. Se concluye que los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos o estimulados por los dos diplomados cursados en el DCA, han mejorado el desempeño de los técnicos y profesionales egresados,los cuales se encuentran prestando sus servicios en una abanico amplio de empresas e institucionesaeronáuticas, mismas que constituyen una fuente importante de información para el establecimientode una oferta académica del DCA, acorde con las necesidades reales de formación de la comunidadaeronáutica de Honduras.
IIIrd Generation Solar Cell
Authors: Kwaśnicki Paweł 
Published: April 2021

Light harvesting for generation of electric energy is one of the most important research topics in applied sciences. First, for an efficient harvesting one needs a material with a broad light absorption window having a strong overlap with the sunlight spectrum. Second, one needs an efficient conversion of photoexcited carriers into produced current or voltage which can be used for applied purposes. The maximum light conversion coefficient in semiconductor systems is designated by so called Shockley-Queisser law, which is around 32% for an optimal bandgap value of 1,2–1,3 eV. However the efficiency may be increased using a solutions based on semiconductor nano materials such as quantum dots. Solar cells based on such a structures are included in the group of 3rd generation solar sell. 3rd generation solar cell encompasses multiple materials as a base of cell, such as: perovskite, organic, polymers and biomimetics. The most promising and in the same time most discussed are quantum dots and perovskite. Both material has a potential to revolutionize the solar cell industry due to their wide absorption range and high conversion coefficient. Nonetheless before the most common used material in photovoltaic namely silicon is replace one must overcome few major issues such as: stability and lifetime for at least 5 to 10 years or more, manufacturing process for a large surfaces and low production cost as well as recycling after the time of optimal use.
Introducing an Innovative Oral Neuromuscular Treatment of the Underlying Reason for Reflux Caused by Hiatus Hernia: An Aggravating Factor in Esophagitis
Authors: Hägg Mary , Franzén Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Esophagitis is a debilitating disease often leading to more serious conditions. It is aggravated by refluxed stomach acids for which the usual treatment is PPI drugs that at best treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause of reflux. Surgical interventions address the root - Hiatal muscular incompetence - but are invasive and expensive. Both treatments have proven unwanted side-effects. Neuromuscular treatment is a new and innovative alternative that addresses the root cause of reflux. The science and evidence behind this treatment is presented here. Reflux cannot happen when the diaphragm functions properly and maintains adequate pressure in the Hiatal canal, otherwise the neck of the stomach can intrude through the diaphragm into the chest cavity allowing reflux and conditions such as GERD, LPR, silent reflux, dyspepsia and more. This is especially common at night, when in bed. Training with a simple and inexpensive neuromuscular medical device takes 90 seconds per day, self-administered by the patient without medication or surgical intervention. No negative side effects are recorded for this treatment. Currently, 40 000 individuals have treated with the device. It is deployed in healthcare institutions in several countries and is recognised in the UK by NICE in a briefing to the NHS as a treatment for Hiatal hernia.
Taxonomic review of Xenorhyncocoris Miller (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae), with description of X. attractivus sp. nov. and notes on sexual dimorphism of the genus
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Yingqi , Cai Wanzhi 
Published: April 2021

The enigmatic millipede assassin bug genus Xenorhyncocoris Miller, 1938 is revised. Previously known species, X. caraboides Miller, 1938, X. princeps Miller, 1949 and X. schoenitzeri Putshkov & Bérenger, 1999, are diagnosed and photographed. A new species, X. attractivus sp. nov., is described based on male and female specimens from northeastern Borneo. The male of Xenorhyncocoris is reported for the first time, revealing the extreme sexual dimorphism present in the genus. The diagnosis of Xenorhyncocoris is extended in order to make it applicable to the new discovery, and a female-based key to species of the genus is updated. Relationships among Xenorhyncocoris and Vilius Stål, 1863, Neozirta Distant, 1919 and Schottus Distant, 1902 are briefly discussed.
Evaluation of the Examination Stress among the First Year MBBS Students in the Medical College
Authors: Tilwani Mahesh 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: The objectives were to determine the effect of examination stress explored by self-evaluation questionnaire, correlation of examination stress and impact of examination stress on the academic performance.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on medical students to determine the examination stress explored by anxiety questionnaire, biochemical parameter and autonomic function tests. Fifty medical students studying in first academic year admitted for the first year were included in the study. Information about demographic, social, cultural, and life-style factors were collected using a proforma of questionnaire. Name, age, sex and nativity were also recorded. Stress was explored during first terminal examination since it was the first major examination faced by the students after entering into the professional course. One parameter was used to measure the level of stress; Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self-evaluation questionnaire to measure the level of stress.
Results: Anxiety levels dropped in post- examination period. In contrast abnormal autonomic functions did not decrease during post- examination period. In male and female students expected pattern of raised anxiety during examination and dropped anxiety scores in post- examination were observed.
Conclusion: The results of this study should help understand the pattern of response to the examination stress and enable development of strategies that will assist the students to handle the stress in a more efficient manner.
Fate of Citric Acid Addition on Mineral Elements Availability in Calcareous Soils of Jordan Valley
Authors: Al-balawna Zohuir A. , Abu-Abdoun Ideisan I. 
Published: April 2021

The variation in physical and chemical properties of calcareous soils in Jordan valley has been changed dramatically due to use large amount of fertilizers in regular manner. Addition of organic acid such as citric acid (CA), can greatly change the pH which can affects plant growth and production, the weakly ionized organic acid present in the calcareous soil mostly in the form of organic matter, can play major rule in soils to raise the availability of mineral nutrients that are essential for crops, by lowering soil density, reducing soil salinity and the effects of suspended particles in soil which may hinder plant growth.
The reduction in the pH of the soil enhance the availability of nutrients such as Fe, Cu, Zn, ions, by converting the metallic insoluble state to ionic form, and thus nutrients are easily available for plants intake, the salinity of the soil did not change by increasing the citric acid concentration, while the pH of the soil decreases.
Data are presented to show the effects of citric acid (CA) concentration, ionic concentration of iron, copper, Zinc and manganese and the decrease in soil PH and soil density.
Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of "Disease-specific" Autoantibodies in Systemic Scleroderma
Authors: Abrarovna Aripova Nozima , Rustamovna Djurayeva Elnora , Abdumalikovna Nabiyeva Dildora , Abrarovna Ganiyeva Nafisa 
Published: April 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of autoimmune nature characterized by the triad of vascular injury, autoimmunity (cellular and humoral) and tissue fibrosis. Autoantibodies do not seem to be simply epiphenomena, but are involved in disease pathogenesis. It is believed that the SSc-specific autoantibodies are responsible both for amplifying immune response and targeting cell types that are relevant in the pathophysiology of SSc. In the current understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc, the leading role is assigned to the vascular lesion of the microvasculature arising against the background of immunity dysregulation and the intensification of fibrosis processes associated with the action of various growth factors and cytokines. In SSc, as in other systemic autoimmune diseases, chronic B-lymphocytic activation is observed, which results in a loss of tolerance to self antigens. Circulation of a wide range of autoantibodies (antibodies) is a characteristic feature of SSc. It is possible that autoantigens in SSc are released during ischemia-reperfusion tissue damage that occurs against the background of vasospastic vascular reactions characteristic of this disease. In the process of B-cell presentation of autoantigens through costimulatory surface molecules, activation of T-lymphocytes occurs, followed by clonal expansion of T-cell subpopulations, which are autoreactive towards endothelium and fibroblasts. It is believed that B cells play an important role in the initial mechanisms of fibrosis in SSc, and chronic activation of B cells is directly related to the development of sclerodermic fibrosis through the production of antibodies and fibrogenic cytokines. Despite many years of efforts, a complete concept explaining the role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of SSc has not yet been created. At the same time, a huge amount of information has been accumulated on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of circulating antibodies, the importance of which for the supervision of the patient can hardly be overestimated.
Women and the third and fourth age
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Benagiano G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn 1900, the world population was less than 1.7 billion people; the United Nations projects that in 2000 it will be 6.2, and in 2020, 7.9 billion. The proportion of the elderly (65 years and over), will increase from 5.1% (1950) to 6.8% by the year 2000 and to 8.8% by 2020, when out of an elderly population of 796 million people, 124 million are projected to be 80 years and over. Due to an increasing gender inequality in life expectation, the majority of the elderly will be women. An aged population is a basically new feature in the history of humanity, the implications of which are — as yet — incompletely understood. It is clear, however, that the last years of life are accompanied by an increase in disability and sickness, with very high demands for health and social services. Hence, the soaring elderly population will raise major social, economic and ethical issues worldwide and may strain to the limit the ability of health, social and economic infrastructures of many countries. It may also result in an increasingly large proportion of humanity (the elderly in general and elderly women, in particular) living in absolute poverty. The demographic, health, socioeconomic and ethical dimensions of the problem are discussed with particular emphasis on the situation of elderly women and a plea is made for greatly increased medical and socioeconomic research.