bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prawo publiczne a prawo prywatne – wybrane uwagi teoretyczne na temat hybrydyzacji instytucji prawnych
Authors: Liżewski Bartosz 
Published: September 2021

Artykuł stanowi teoretyczną refleksję dotyczącą hybrydyzacji instytucji prawnych we współczesnym polskim porządku prawnym. Już od czasów rzymskich w kontynentalnej Europie utrwalił się podział prawa na publiczne i prywatne. Z jednej strony podział ten jest w nauce prawa utrwalony i edukacyjnie użyteczny. Z drugiej strony jest on przedmiotem licznych sporów i kontrowersji. Powstało wiele teoretycznych koncepcji podziału prawa na publiczne i prywatne. Różnią się one od siebie określeniem kryteriów podziału prawa. Najczęściej wskazywane jest kryterium interesu, kryterium podmiotowe (równorzędności i nierównorzędności podmiotów), kryterium ochrony prawa zwane również kryterium sposobu dochodzenia roszczeń i inne. Wszystkie te kryteria są jednak ułomne. Nie da się na podstawie jakiegokolwiek kryterium dokonać kwalifikacji wszystkich przepisów systemu prawa. Po pierwsze dlatego, że pozostanie grupa przepisów, których nie można zaliczyć ani do prawa publicznego ani prywatnego (na podstawie wskazanego kryterium). Po drugie dlatego, że istnieją takie przepisy, które należy zakwalifikować do prawa publicznego i jednocześnie do prawa prywatnego. Te przepisy tworzą hybrydowe instytucje prawne, które łączą cechy prawa publicznego i prywatnego. Realizują one zarówno interes zbiorowości, jak indywidualny. Zapewniają korzyść i jednostce i sferze publicznej. Wyznaczają one tzw. prawo publiczno-prywatne. Do hybrydowych instytucji prawnych zaliczmy: partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne porozumienie w sprawie ustalenia cen transakcyjnych, układ likwidacyjny, obowiązki informacyjne w umowach z udziałem konsumentów i inne. Hybrydowe instytucje prawne wyznaczają jeden z współczesnych paradygmatów konstrukcji systemu prawa.
Klauzule umowne w handlu niewolnikami jako narzędzie polityki społecznej w okresie cesarstwa rzymskiego
Authors: Amielańczyk Krzysztof 
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja rzymskich regulacji dotyczących klauzul umownych dołączanych do umowy sprzedaży niewolnika: klauzuli ne manumittatur zakazującej wyzwolenia przez nabywcę i klauzuli ut exportetur, nakazującej jego wydalenie z określonego miejsca pobytu. Dzięki aktywności władzy publicznej, reskryptom i mandatom cesarskiej administracji klauzule mogły uzyskać oczekiwaną skuteczność, a właściciele niewolników uzyskać lepszą ochronę ich praw właścicielskich. Z drugiej strony, instytucje prawa prywatnego: prawa rzeczowego i obligacyjnego zostały “wzbogacone” o rozwiązania wychodzące poza prawo prywatne. Stały się one w rękach cesarzy rzymskich narzędziami kreowania polityki społecznej wobec niewolnictwa.
Porphyromonas Gingivalis as a Risk Factor to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elwishahy Abdelrahman , Antia Khatia , Bhusari Sneha , Ilechukwu Nkorika Chiamaka , Horstick Olaf , Winkler Volker 
Published: September 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for more than 50% of all dementia cases worldwide. There is wide consensus on the risk factors of AD; however, a clear etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that the inflammatory-mediated disease model, such as that found with periodontal disease due to Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis), plays a role in AD progression. Objective: This study aims to systematically review the literature on the association between P. gingivalis to AD, and to identify the homogeneity of the methods used across studies to measure P. gingivalis involvement in AD. Methods: We systematically searched studies on Cochrane library, Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, WHOLIS, Google Scholar databases, and reference lists of identified studies. Results: 6 studies out of 636 identified records fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Results showed no clear pathophysiology of AD due to P. gingivalis and its various virulence factors. No consensus was found in the literature pertaining to the method of measurement of AD or P. gingivalis and its virulence factors. Conclusion: The included studies suggest that P. gingivalis bacteria play a role in the process of systemic inflammation which leads to cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and indirectly cause hastening of AD onset and progression. Our included studies revealed heterogeneity in the methodologies of measurement of AD and/or P. gingivalis and its virulence factors, which opens discussion about the benefits and weakness of possible standardization.
The effects of blood flow restriction resistance training on indices of delayed onset muscle soreness and peak power
Authors: Proppe Christopher E. , Rivera Paola M. , Hill Ethan C. , Housh Terry J. , Keller Joshua L. , Smith Cory M. , Anders John Paul V. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL [Formula: see text] BFR) attenuated delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) under some conditions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study examined the effects of reciprocal concentric-only elbow flexion-extension muscle actions at 30% of peak torque on indices of DOMS. METHODS: Thirty untrained women (mean [Formula: see text] SD; 22 [Formula: see text] 2.4 years) were randomly assigned to 6 training days of LL [Formula: see text] BFR ([Formula: see text] 10), low-load non-BFR (LL) ([Formula: see text] 10), or control ([Formula: see text] 10). Participants completed 4 sets (1 [Formula: see text] 30, 3 [Formula: see text] 15) of submaximal (30% of peak torque), unilateral, isokinetic (120[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]) muscle actions. Indices of DOMS including peak power, resting elbow joint angle (ROM), perceived muscle soreness (VAS), and pain pressure threshold (PPT) were assessed. RESULTS: There were no changes in peak power, ROM, or VAS. There was a significant interaction for PPT. Follow-up analyses indicated PPT increased for the LL [Formula: see text] BFR condition (Day 5 [Formula: see text] Day 2), but did not decrease below baseline. The results of the present study indicated LL [Formula: see text] BFR and LL did not induce DOMS for the elbow extensors in previously untrained women. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested LL [Formula: see text] BFR and LL concentric-only resistance training could be an effective training modality to elicit muscular adaptation without inducing DOMS.
THE EFFECT OF SCOUTING EXTRACURRICULAR ON STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE AT SD NEGERI 4 ABUAN SUSUT DISTRICT, BANGLI REGENCY
Authors: Sudirman I Nyoman , Numertayasa I Wayan , Rendana I Wayan 
Published: September 2021

This research focused on the effect of scouting extracurricular on the students’ discipline at SDN 4 Abuan. The subjects in this study were 25 students of SD Negeri 4 Abuan. Data were obtained through a questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed by the correlation analysis of causal relationships with SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) version 25.0 and the results of the analysis were quantitative scores. The results obtained that scouting extracurricular significantly influenced the students’ discipline at SD Negeri 4 Abuan, Kecamatan Susut, Kabupaten Bangli. This conclusion was supported by the average score obtained from the students which were 80.13 and 81.30 (Excellent). In addition, it was found that the influence of scouting extracurricular on students’ discipline had a positive and significant effect. This was indicated by the correlation coefficient for 0.925 or 92.5% meaning that the score was at an interval of 0.80-1.00. Thus, there was a very strong influence between variable X (Extracurricular Scout) and Y (Student Discipline) and the results of the test results (sig. 2-tailed (0.05)) resulted in a figure of 0,000 so that this number was less than the significance value of 0.05 (0,000 <0.005). this indicated that there was a positive and significant effect between the two variables. Based on the results of the correlation coefficient (R) data analysis, simple linear regression analysis and the significance test (T test), it was concluded that the extracurricular positively and significantly influenced the students’ discipline at SD Negeri 4 Abuan, Kecamatan Susut, Kabupaten Bangli.
Analytical model of skip motion taking into account influence of head and balancing ropes
Authors: Zhuravkov Mikhail A. , Savchuk Vladimir P. , Nikolaitchik Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

The article describes an analytical model of mine skip dynamics taking into account the presence of the head and balancing ropes and the existing curvilinearity of the guides. Expressions for the forces acting on the skip from the side of the guides have been constructed. It is shown, that the frequencies of natural vibrations of skip depend on the vertical acceleration and the distance traveled during its lifting. A graph (diagram) of skips vertical speed which observance does not lead to the appearance of skips vertical vibrations due to elasticity of the ropes is developed. An algorithm for finding the forces principal vector and the forces principal moment acting on the skip based on the reading of three accelerometers recording horizontal accelerations of skip during its movement is presented.
Feasibility of Solar Updraft Towers as Photocatalytic Reactors for Removal of Atmospheric Methane–The Role of Catalysts and Rate Limiting Steps
Authors: Huang Yanfang , Shao Yimin , Bai Yang , Yuan Qingchun , Ming Tingzhen , Davies Philip , Lu Xiaohua , de Richter Renaud , Li Wei 
Published: September 2021

Due to the alarming speed of global warming, greenhouse gas removal from atmosphere will be absolutely necessary in the coming decades. Methane is the second most harmful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. There is an emerging technology proposed to incorporating photocatalysis with solar updraft Towers (SUT) to remove methane from the air at a planetary scale. In this study, we present a deep analysis by calculating the potential of methane removal in relation to the dimensions and configuration of SUT using different photocatalysts. The analysis shows that the methane removal rate increases with the SUT dimensions and can be enhanced by changing the configuration design. More importantly, the low methane removal rate on conventional TiO2 photocatalyst can be significantly improved to, for example, 42.5% on a more effective Ag-doped ZnO photocatalyst in a 200 MW SUT while the photocatalytic reaction is the rate limiting step. The factors that may further affect the removal of methane, such as more efficient photocatalysts, night operation and reaction zone are discussed as possible solutions to further improve the system.
Using Restricted Cubic Splines to Study the Trajectory of Systolic Blood Pressure in the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Zhao Fengzhi , Yang Rui , Wu Wentao , Liu Hui , Ma Wen , Xu Fengshuo , Han Didi , Lyu Jun 
Published: September 2021

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still the most serious manifestation of coronary artery disease. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the best predictor of blood pressure in AMI. Thus, its influence on AMI is necessary to be explored.Methods: A total of 4,277 patients with AMI were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database. Chi-square test or Student's t-test was used to judge differences between groups, and Cox regression was used to identify factors that affect AMI prognosis. SBP was classified as low (&lt;90 mmHg), normal (90–140 mmHg), or high (&gt;140 mmHg), and a non-linear test was performed. Meaningful variables were incorporated into models for sensitivity analysis. Patient age was classified as low and high for subgroup analysis, and the cutoff value of the trajectory was identified. P &lt; 0.05 indicates statistical significance.Results: The effect of SBP on the prognosis of patients with AMI is non-linear. The risks in models 1–3 with low SBP are 6.717, 4.910, and 3.080 times those of the models with normal SBP, respectively. The risks in models 1–3 with high SBP are 1.483, 1.637, and 2.937 times those of the models with normal SBP, respectively. The cutoff point (95% confidence interval) of the trajectory is 114.489 mmHg (111.275–117.702 mmHg, all P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: SBP has a non-linear effect on AMI prognosis. Low and high SBP show risks, and the risk of low SBP is obviously greater than that of high SBP.
Nesfatin-1 Receptor: Distribution, Signaling and Increasing Evidence for a G Protein-Coupled Receptor – A Systematic Review
Authors: Rupp Sophia Kristina , Wölk Ellen , Stengel Andreas 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundNesfatin-1 is an 82-amino acid polypeptide, cleaved from the 396-amino acid precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) and discovered in 2006 in the rat hypothalamus. In contrast to the growing body of evidence for the pleiotropic effects of the peptide, the receptor mediating these effects and the exact signaling cascades remain still unknown.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted using a search in the Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The keywords “nesfatin-1” combined with “receptor”, “signaling”, “distribution”, “pathway”, g- protein coupled receptor”, and “binding” were used to identify all relevant articles reporting about potential nesfatin-1 signaling and the assumed mediation via a Gi protein-coupled receptor.ResultsFinally, 1,147 articles were found, of which 1,077 were excluded in several steps of screening, 70 articles were included in this systematic review. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating nesfatin-1’s putative receptor or signaling cascade, observational preclinical and clinical studies, experimental studies, registry-based studies, cohort studies, population-based studies, and studies in English language. After screening for eligibility, the studies were assigned to the following subtopics and discussed regarding intracellular signaling of nesfatin-1 including the potential receptor mediating these effects and downstream signaling of the peptide.ConclusionThe present review sheds light on the various effects of nesfatin-1 by influencing several intracellular signaling pathways and downstream cascades, including the peptide’s influence on various hormones and their receptors. These data point towards mediation via a Gi protein-coupled receptor. Nonetheless, the identification of the nesfatin-1 receptor will enable us to better investigate the exact mediating mechanisms underlying the different effects of the peptide along with the development of agonists and antagonists.
FHR-5 Serum Levels and CFHR5 Genetic Variations in Patients With Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and C3-Glomerulopathy
Authors: Garam Nóra , Cserhalmi Marcell , Prohászka Zoltán , Szilágyi Ágnes , Veszeli Nóra , Szabó Edina , Uzonyi Barbara , Iliás Attila , Aigner Christof , Schmidt Alice , Gaggl Martina , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Bajcsi Dóra , Brunner Jürgen , Dumfarth Alexandra , Cejka Daniel , Flaschberger Stefan , Flögelova Hana , Haris Ágnes , Hartmann Ágnes , Heilos Andreas , Mueller Thomas , Rusai Krisztina , Arbeiter Klaus , Hofer Johannes , Jakab Dániel , Sinkó Mária , Szigeti Erika , Bereczki Csaba , Janko Viktor , Kelen Kata , Reusz György S. , Szabó Attila J. , Klenk Nóra , Kóbor Krisztina , Kojc Nika , Knechtelsdorfer Maarten , Laganovic Mario , Lungu Adrian Catalin , Meglic Anamarija , Rus Rina , Kersnik Levart Tanja , Macioniene Ernesta , Miglinas Marius , Pawłowska Anna , Stompór Tomasz , Podracka Ludmila , Rudnicki Michael , Mayer Gert , Rysava Romana , Reiterova Jana , Saraga Marijan , Seeman Tomáš , Zieg Jakub , Sládková Eva , Stajic Natasa , Szabó Tamás , Capitanescu Andrei , Stancu Simona , Tisljar Miroslav , Galesic Kresimir , Tislér András , Vainumäe Inga , Windpessl Martin , Zaoral Tomas , Zlatanova Galia , Józsi Mihály , Csuka Dorottya 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundFactor H-related protein 5 (FHR-5) is a member of the complement Factor H protein family. Due to the homology to Factor H, the main complement regulator of the alternative pathway, it may also be implicated in the pathomechanism of kidney diseases where Factor H and alternative pathway dysregulation play a role. Here, we report the first observational study on CFHR5 variations along with serum FHR-5 levels in immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) patients together with the clinical, genetic, complement, and follow-up data.MethodsA total of 120 patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of IC-MPGN/C3G were enrolled in the study. FHR-5 serum levels were measured in ELISA, the CFHR5 gene was analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and selected variants were studied as recombinant proteins in ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).ResultsEight exonic CFHR5 variations in 14 patients (12.6%) were observed. Serum FHR-5 levels were lower in patients compared to controls. Low serum FHR-5 concentration at presentation associated with better renal survival during the follow-up period; furthermore, it showed clear association with signs of complement overactivation and clinically meaningful clusters.ConclusionsOur observations raise the possibility that the FHR-5 protein plays a fine-tuning role in the pathogenesis of IC-MPGN/C3G.
Socio-Ecological Systems Analysis and Health System Readiness in Responding to Dengue Epidemics in Ilala and Kinondoni Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Mboera Leonard E. G. , Sindato Calvin , Mremi Irene R. , Rumisha Susan F. , George Janeth , Ngolongolo Renfrid , Misinzo Gerald , Karimuribo Esron D. , Rweyemamu Mark M. , Haider Najmul , Hamid Muzamil Abdel , Kock Richard 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionSince 2010, Tanzania has been experiencing frequent outbreaks of dengue. The objectives of this study were to carry out a socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis to identify risk factors and interventions and assess the readiness of the district in the prevention and control of dengue.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional purposive selection of key stakeholders responsible for disease surveillance and response in human and animal sectors in Ilala and Kinondoni districts in Tanzania. A SES framework was used to identify drivers and construct perceived thematic causal explanations of the dengue outbreaks in the study districts. A mapping exercise was carried out to analyse the performance of the disease surveillance system at district and facility levels. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the districts’ readiness in the response to dengue outbreak.ResultsThe two districts were characterized by both urban and peri-urban ecosystems, with a mixture of planned and unplanned settlements which support breeding and proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. The results indicate inadequate levels of readiness in the management and control of dengue outbreaks, in terms of clinical competence, diagnostic capacities, surveillance system and control/prevention measures. Mosquito breeding sites, especially discarded automobile tyres, were reported to be scattered in the districts. Constraining factors in implementing disease surveillance included both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, lack of case management guidelines, difficult language used in standard case definitions, inadequate laboratory capacity, lack of appropriate rapid response teams, inadequate knowledge on outbreak investigation and inadequate capacities in data management.ConclusionThe two districts had limited readiness in the management and control of dengue, in terms of clinical competence, diagnostic capacities, surveillance system and prevention and control measures. These challenges require the immediate attention by the authorities, as they compromise the effectiveness of the national strategy for community health support.
Association Between White Blood Cells at Baseline and Treatment Failure of MTX for Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Chen Si , Chen Xiao-Feng , Qiu Pin , Huang Yan-Xi , Deng Gao-Pi , Gao Jie 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate white blood cell (WBC) count as a risk factor related to methotrexate (MTX) treatment failure in patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP).Methods: A total of 236 women diagnosed with EP and treated with a single dose of MTX were included. The exposure variable was WBC count at baseline, and the outcome was MTX treatment outcome. Both a multivariate binary logistics regression model and subgroup analysis were performed to evaluate the association between WBC and MTX non-response.Results: WBC count was associated with the risk of treatment failure, and the odds ratio (OR) in different multivariate models was stable [minimally adjusted model: OR 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–1.3, p = 0.008; fully adjusted model: OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.4, p = 0.026]. For WBCs in group T3 (&gt;8.9 × 109/L), the association between WBC count and treatment failure was significant (minimally adjusted model: OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–3.8, p = 0.050; fully adjusted model: OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–5.6, p = 0.034). Subgroup analysis showed that in participants with regular menstruation (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.3), WBC count was significantly different from irregular menstruation (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8); p for interaction was 0.031.Conclusions: We found a reliable and non-linear relationship between WBC count and MTX treatment failure for EP.