bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ INFORMATION CULTURE IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors: Кабанець M. M. , Алфімов В. М. 
Published: October 2021

The article focuses on the importance of information culture as an integral part of professional culture of engineers, which affects the quality and safety of engineering solutions. The main two approaches to the definition of "information culture" are determined, which include an information approach when the information culture is reduced to the concept of computer or information literacy and a culturological approach when the concept "information culture" is seen as a way of human life in the information society. Development of the information culture acts as a process of harmonization of the inner world of man in the acquisition of socially significant information.
The main components of information culture of engineers are highlighted, including literacy and competence in understanding the nature of information processes and relationships, humanistically oriented information value-semantic sphere, developed information reflection, creativity in information behaviour and socio-information activity.
Based on a broad understanding of information culture as a qualitative characteristic of the life of a specialist in terms of receiving, transmitting, storing and using information, where universal moral values are the main priority, basic methodological approaches to forming information culture of future engineers are proposed, namely: system, personal, activity, integrative, culturological, axiological and reflexive approaches. The process of developing future engineers’ information culture in the process of professional training in higher educational institutions will be effective providing that it is based on the substantiated methodological approaches.
ПРІОРИТЕТНІ ДУХОВНІ ЦІННОСТІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Кравець Н. С. , Потапчук Т. В. , Пукас І. Л. 
Published: October 2021

У статті зазначено, що у жодній професії особистість людини, її характер, переконання, моральність, ставлення до інших людей не мають такого вирішального значення, як у професії педагога, і передусім, вихователя, що, вочевидь, підтверджує актуальність проблеми формування духовних цінностей майбутнього вихователя. Ми виходимо з того, що саме йому належить місія транслювати духовні цінності суспільства, створювати умови для опанування ними молодим поколінням і відтворення їх у творчій діяльності, культурі вчинку дітей дошкільного віку.
Аналіз наукових досліджень у галузі духовного виховання дозволив визначити важливіші, на нашу думку, напрямки підготовки майбутнього вихователя: сформованість духовних цінностей особистості; сформованість морально-естетичних ідеалів, ціннісно-смислових настанов; наукова та методична підготовка.
Вважаємо значущою для майбутнього вихователя такої духовної цінності, як моральна підтримка особистості, тому саме на її прикладі будемо досліджувати формування духовних цінностей майбутніх вихователів. Майбутній вихователь може проявити моральну підтримку стосовно людей різних категорій: одногрупників, значущих дорослих, незначущих дорослих, дітей. На наш погляд, найбільш доречним буде розглянути готовність до моральної підтримки дітей, оскільки її сформованість повинна бути невід’ємною складовою професійної підготовки майбутнього вихователя.
З’ясовано, що, будучи уособленням загальнолюдських і національних якостей справжньої людини, названі духовні цінності є сукупністю конкретних поглядів, переконань і виявляються в судженнях індивіда, рисах його характеру й поведінці, спонукають до творчості й самореалізації. Вважаємо, що основним змістом духовних цінностей є світоглядні, загальнолюдські та моральні переконання. Саме вони слугують критеріями оцінки як окремих вчинків і дій людини, так і всього її життя.
Estrategias empleadas para la indagación científica en la educación secundaria
Authors: Mandujano-Ponce Katherine , Tolentino-Quiñones Hermis , Arauco-Mandujano Elzi 
Published: October 2021

La pandemia COVID-19 ha demostrado que lo que más se necesita en el mundo es hacer investigaciones y para ello es importante la formación de los futuros investigadores desde los primeros años de formación, por tal motivo, este artículo pretende reconocer y analizar las estrategias que utilizan los docentes de secundaria en la educación básica regular (EBR) para desarrollar la indagación científica en las aulas. La investigación se realizó en dos escuelas públicas de Lima, Perú; la metodología empleada es de paradigma constructivista, bajo un enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico; se tuvo como muestra no probabilística e intencional a siete docentes del área de ciencia y tecnología en el nivel secundario y dos coordinadores del área de ciencias, el instrumento que se utilizó para el recojo de información fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Se llegó a la conclusión que los docentes de ciencia y tecnología conocen las estrategias para que el estudiante alcance el desarrollo de la indagación científica y lo ponen en práctica en clase, guiándose de los pasos del método científico para realizarlo; sin embargo, existen limitaciones que se hacen más evidentes en los estudiantes en el contexto de pandemia al no poseer un aprendizaje autónomo, por lo que se sugiere que el desarrollo de la indagación científica debe darse con más incidencia en los niveles inferiores a la educación secundaria de esta manera tener una base más sólida.
Compositional analysis of ginseng cultivated in the Altai Republic
Authors: Levashova A. I. , Khvostov D. V. , Ageldinov R. A. , Nesterov M. S. 
Published: October 2021

Ginseng a plant widely used in phytomedicine due to its pronounced biological activity, primarily connected with the high content of saponins (ginsenosides). The cultivation of ginseng in the Altai Republic is currently being resumed. The production of phytopreparations requires an assessment of the quality of raw plants. There is a lack of information on the compostion and medicinal properties of ginseng grown in the Altai Republic.In this research, for the first time, an analysis of Altai Ginseng roots was carried out by HPLC-QOT MS. The profile of the main biologically active substances — ginsenosides — was determined and compared with that of the Chinese analogue. We found that Altai ginseng contains 17 ginsenosides, 12 of which are recommended for the detection by NIST. The content of 7 main ginsenzides (Rb1, Rc, Re, Rb2, Rg1, Rg, Rd) ranges from 680 to 5,375 μg/g of raw material. The ginsenzide profiles of ginseng plants grown in Altai and China were found to be similar.It is shown that ginseng roots contain a rich composition of ginsenosides, which are present in high concentrations. Consequently, this raw material has a significant potential for the manufacture of extracts for their further use in phytopreparations for preventive medicine in Russia and other countries.
A Screen of Autophagy Compounds Implicates the Proteasome in Mammalian Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Damage
Authors: Draf Clara , Wyrick Taylor , Chavez Eduardo , Pak Kwang , Kurabi Arwa , Leichtle Anke , Dazert Stefan , Ryan Allen F. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:Autophagy is a degradative pathway to safely break down and recycle dysfunctional cellular components. There is prior evidence of autophagy participation during hair cell (HC) damage. Our goal was to screen compounds targeting different aspects of autophagy for their effects on HC loss due to an ototoxic aminoglycoside, gentamicin (GM).Methods:The SELLECKChem autophagy compound library, consisting of 154 compounds with defined autophagy inducing or inhibitory activity, was used for targeted screeningin vitromodel of ototoxicity. Organ of Corti from postnatal days 3–5 pou4f3/GFP transgenic mice (HCs express green fluorescent protein) were utilized. The organs were micro-dissected, and basal and middle turns divided into micro-explants individually placed into the single wells of a 96-well plate. Samples were treated with 200 μM of GM plus three dosages of tested compound and cultured for 72 h. Negative controls were treated with media only; positive ototoxicity controls were treated with GM only.Results:The majority of the library compounds had no effect on GM-induced HC loss. However, 18 compounds exhibited a significant, protective effect, two compounds were protective at low dosage but showed enhanced GM toxicity at higher doses and one compound was toxic to HCs in the absence of GM.Conclusions:This study evaluated many autophagy compounds that have not been tested previously on HCs. The disparate results obtained underscore the complexity of autophagy events that can influence HC responses to aminoglycosides, but also implicate the proteosome as an important damage mechanism. The screening results can serve as basis for further studies with protective compounds as potential drug targets.
Molecular Mechanisms of Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Liu Yanling , Lin Yiqing , Wang Ziwen , Hu Niya , Liu Qiong , Zhou Wenkai , Li Xiuzhen , Hu Longhua , Guo Jian , Huang Xiaotian , Zeng Lingbing 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOver the last two decades, the prevalence of colistin resistance among the members of Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing, particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; this limits the potential use of colistin and leads to worsened clinical outcomes.MethodsWe investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (COLR-KP) in clinical isolates using genomic sequencing.ResultsIn total, 53 K. pneumoniae isolates (4.5%, 53/1,171) were confirmed as COLR-KP, of which eight isolates carried mobile colistin-resistant (mcr) gene. Although the overall prevalence rate (0.7%, 8/1,171) of mcr-like genes in clinical K. pneumoniae remained relatively low, the presence of mcr (15.1%, 8/53) among the COLR-KP isolates indicated that the mobile resistance gene was already widespread among K. pneumoniae isolates in hospital setting. We randomly selected 13 COLR-KP isolates (four mcr-bearing and nine non-mcr-bearing isolates) for whole-genome sequencing, including two pandrug-resistant and four sequence type 11 (ST11) isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all COLR-KP isolates were genetically diverse. Among the four mcr-bearing isolates, three (KP4, KP18, and KP30) were positive for mcr-1 and one (KP23) for mcr-8; none of the other mcr genes were detected. The mcr-1 in the KP4 and KP30 isolates were located in an IncX4 plasmid (approximately 33 kb) and could be successfully transferred to Escherichia coli J53AZR. In contrast, for the mcr-8-bearing plasmid in KP23 (IncFII), colistin resistance could not be transferred by conjugation. The mcr-1-producing isolate KP18 coexists a novel plasmid-carried tigecycline resistance gene tmexCD1-toprJ1. The most common chromosomal mutation associated with colistin resistance was a T246A amino acid substitution in PmrB, which was identified in most COLR-KP isolates (11/13, 84.6%). All ST11 isolates additionally had an R256G amino acid substitution. Critical virulence factors associated with hypervirulent K. pneumoniae were detected in four COLR-KP isolates; these virulence factors included aerobactin, salmochelin, and yersiniabactin.ConclusionWe found that mcr-bearing COLR-KP emerged in our hospital and was growing at an increasing rate. Simultaneous emergence of hypervirulence and colistin–tigecycline–carbapenem resistance in the epidemic clone ST11 K. pneumoniae was also observed; this highlights the significance of active and continuous surveillance.
Identification and Verification of Feature Immune-Related Genes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Based on Bioinformatics Analyses
Authors: Zheng Xifeng , Liu Guangyan , Huang Ruina 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To identify feature immune-related genes (IRGs) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and verify their ability to diagnose HCM.Methods: The GSE160997 dataset on cardiac tissue from 18 HCM patients and 5 controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A false discovery rate &lt;0.05 and |log2 fold change| &gt;1 were the filters applied to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The differentially expressed IRGs were the intersection results between the DEGs and an IRG dataset from the IMMPORT database. The protein-protein interaction network of differentially expressed IRGs was constructed, and the top 20 hub genes with the most adjacent nodes in the network were selected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm and a random forest algorithm were used to identify the feature IRGs as biomarkers that were then verified against GSE36961.Results: A total of 1079 DEGs were identified in GSE160997. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated that immune-related mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCM. A total of 121 differentially expressed IRGs were identified, and 5 feature IRGs were selected, 4 of which were confirmed as potential biomarkers of HCM by external verification with excellent discrimination ability. A diagnosis model of HCM based on the four feature IRGs was developed and visualized as a nomogram with a C-index of 0.925 (95% confidence interval 0.869–0.981).Conclusion: Our study identified four feature IRGs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCM, offering an innovative perspective of the underlying immune-related pathological molecular mechanisms.
Long-Term Effects of Financial Incentives for General Practitioners on Quality Indicators in the Treatment of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care—A Follow-Up Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial
Authors: Meier Rahel , Chmiel Corinne , Valeri Fabio , Muheim Leander , Senn Oliver , Rosemann Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Background: The effect of financial incentives on the quality of primary care is of high interest, and so is its sustainability after financial incentives are withdrawn.Objective: To assess both long-term effects and sustainability of financial incentives for general practitioners (GPs) in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus based on quality indicators (QIs) calculated from routine data from electronic medical records.Design/Participants: Randomized controlled trial using routine data from electronic medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus of Swiss GPs.Intervention: During the study period of 24 months, all GPs received bimonthly feedback reports with information on their actual treatment as reflected in QIs. In the intervention group, the reports were combined with financial incentives for quality improvement. The incentive was stopped after 12 months.Measurements: Proportion of patients meeting the process QI of annual HbA1c measurements and the clinical QI of blood pressure levels below 140/85 mmHg.Results: A total of 71 GPs from 43 different practices were included along with 3,854 of their patients with diabetes mellitus. Throughout the study, the proportion of patients with annual HbA1c measurements was stable in the intervention group (78.8–78.9%) and decreased slightly in the control group (81.5–80.2%) [odds ratio (OR): 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04–1.42, p &lt; 0.05]. The proportion of patients achieving blood pressure levels below 140/85 mmHg decreased in the control group (51.2–47.2%) and increased in the intervention group (49.7–51.9%) (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04–1.35, p &lt; 0.05) where it peaked at 54.9% after 18 months and decreased steadily over the last 6 months.Conclusion: After the withdrawal of financial incentives for the GPs after 12 months, some QIs still improved, indicating that 1 year might be too short to observe the full effect of such interventions. The decrease in QI achievement rates after 18 months suggests that the positive effects of time-limited financial incentives eventually wane.
The Effect of the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Leukocyte Telomere Length, 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormonal Concentrations in Asian Indians
Authors: Bhatt Surya Prakash , Guleria Randeep , Vikram Naval K. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and OSA are linked with an increased risk of oxidative stress and inflammation. The possible link between LTL and OSA in Asian Indians has not been evaluated. Thus, the present study aims to compare the link between LTL and OSA in Asian Indians.Methods: In this study, 300 subjects (120 obese with OSA, 110 obese without OSA, and 70 non-obese without OSA) were included after overnight polysomnography and a fasting blood sample. Clinical, anthropometry, metabolic markers, insulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D], and parathyroid hormones (PTH) levels were investigated. LTL was investigated by a QPCR. Univariate and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and % body fat were conducted while treating LTL as a dependent variable in relation to AHI and other covariates.Results: Obese subjects with OSA had significantly decreased 25(OH)D and increased PTH levels. The mean telomere length (T/S) ratio was significantly shorter in patients with OSA. The adjusted correlation analysis showed that shortening of telomere length correlated with increasing age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index, and RDI. Univariate analysis showed that LTL revealed a trend toward a negative correlation with a mean age (β + SE, −0.015 + 0.0006; p = 0.01) and positive correlation with AHI [β +slandered error (SE), 0.042 + 0.017; p = 0.008]. In the multiple regression analysis, LTL was positively associated with AHI (β + SE, 0.281 + 0.04; p = 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and % body fat. Even when adjusted for confounding factors, 25(OH)D, and PTH levels, LTL still was related to AHI (β + SE, 0.446 + 0.02; p = 0.05).Conclusion: Our study indicates the presence of an association between LTL and OSA and a significant impact of OSA severity and telomeres shortening in Asian Indians.
Development and Validation of a Radiomics Model Based on 18F-FDG PET of Primary Gastric Cancer for Predicting Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Xue Beihui , Jiang Jia , Chen Lei , Wu Sunjie , Zheng Xuan , Zheng Xiangwu , Tang Kun 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomics model for predicting peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric cancer (GC).MethodsIn this study, a total of 355 patients (109PM+, 246PM-) who underwent preoperative fluorine-18-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET images were retrospectively analyzed. According to a 7:3 ratio, patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Radiomics features and metabolic parameters data were extracted from PET images. The radiomics features were selected by logistic regression after using maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR) and the least shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The radiomics models were based on the rest of these features. The performance of the models was determined by their discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness in the training and validation sets.ResultsAfter dimensionality reduction, 12 radiomics feature parameters were obtained to construct radiomics signatures. According to the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and the radiomics signature showed statistically significant differences between patients (P&lt;0.05). A radiomics model was developed based on the logistic analyses with an AUC of 0.86 in the training cohort and 0.87 in the validation cohort. The clinical prediction model based on CA125 and SUVmax was 0.76 in the training set and 0.69 in the validation set. The comprehensive model, which contained a rad-score and the clinical factor (CA125) as well as the metabolic parameter (SUVmax), showed promising performance with an AUC of 0.90 in the training cohort and 0.88 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve showed the actual rate of the nomogram-predicted probability of peritoneal metastasis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) also demonstrated the good clinical utility of the radiomics nomogram.ConclusionsThe comprehensive model based on the rad-score and other factors (SUVmax, CA125) can provide a novel tool for predicting peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer patients preoperatively.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Arising in Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts: A Series of Nine Cases and Systematic Review
Authors: Zuo Pengcheng , Sun Tao , Wang Yi , Geng Yibo , Zhang Peng , Wu Zhen , Zhang Junting , Zhang Liwei 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePrimary squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) arising in intracranial epidermoid cysts (IECs) are very rare, and their management and prognostic factors remain unclear. This study aimed to enunciate the clinical features and suggest a treatment protocol based on cases from the literature and the cases from our institution.MethodsThe clinicoradiological data were obtained from nine patients with PSCCs arising in IECs, who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between July 2012 and June 2018. We also searched the PubMed database using the keywords “epidermoid cyst(s)” or “epidermoid tumor(s)” combined with “malignant” or “malignancy” or “intracranial” or “brain” or “squamous cell carcinoma” between 1960 and 2020. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the pooled cohort.ResultsThe mean age of our cohort was 51.2 ± 8.3 years (range: 39–61 years), which included eight males and one female. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in three patients, while non-GTR was achieved in six patients. Radiotherapy was administered to five patients. After a median follow-up of 16.7 ± 21.6 months (range: 3–72 months), eight patients died with a mean OS time of 9.75 ± 6.6 months (range: 3–23 months). In the literature between 1965 and 2020, 45 cases of PSCCs arising in IECs were identified in 23 males and 22 females with a mean age of 55.2 ± 12.4 years. GTR, non-GTR, and biopsy were achieved in six (13.3%), 36 (80%), and three (6.7%) cases, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 12.7 ± 13.4 months (range: 0.33–60 months), 54.1% (20/37) patients died, and recurrence occurred in 53.6% (15/28) patients. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.002) was the only factor that favored OS. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that, compared with no radiotherapy (median survival time: 4 months), radiotherapy (median survival time: 24 months) had significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.0011), and GTR could not improve OS (p = 0.5826), compared with non-GTR. The 1-year OS of patients with or without radiotherapy was 72.5% or 18.2%, respectively.ConclusionMalignant transformation of IEC into PSCC was prevalent in elderly patients, with slight male predominance. GTR of previous benign IECs is recommended. For remnant benign IECs, close follow-up should be performed. Postoperative radiotherapy for PSCCs could bring survival benefit. GTR of these malignant intracranial tumors is difficult when they involve important brain structures. Future studies with larger cohorts are necessary to verify our findings.