bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of implant surfaces with BMP-2 in a revision setting
Authors: Cleemann Rasmus , Sorensen Mette , West Andreas , Soballe Kjeld , Bechtold Joan E. , Baas Jorgen 
Published: August 2021

Aims We wanted to evaluate the effects of a bone anabolic agent (bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)) on an anti-catabolic background (systemic or local zoledronate) on fixation of allografted revision implants. Methods An established allografted revision protocol was implemented bilaterally into the stifle joints of 24 canines. At revision surgery, each animal received one BMP-2 (5 µg) functionalized implant, and one raw implant. One group (12 animals) received bone graft impregnated with zoledronate (0.005 mg/ml) before impaction. The other group (12 animals) received untreated bone graft and systemic zoledronate (0.1 mg/kg) ten and 20 days after revision surgery. Animals were observed for an additional four weeks before euthanasia. Results No difference was detected on mechanical implant fixation (load to failure, stiffness, energy) between local or systemic zoledronate. Addition of BMP-2 had no effect on implant fixation. In the histomorphometric evaluation, implants with local zoledronate had more area of new bone on the implant surface (53%, p = 0.025) and higher volume of allograft (65%, p = 0.007), whereas implants in animals with systemic zoledronate had the highest volume of new bone (34%, p = 0.003). Systemic zoledronate with BMP-2 decreased volume of allograft by 47% (p = 0.017). Conclusion Local and systemic zoledronate treatment protects bone at different stages of maturity; local zoledronate protects the allograft from resorption and systemic zoledronate protects newly formed bone from resorption. BMP-2 in the dose evaluated with experimental revision implants was not beneficial, since it significantly increased allograft resorption without a significant compensating anabolic effect. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):488–497.
Effectiveness of oral phloroglucinol as a premedication for unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Jung HyeIn , Kim Hyun Jung , Choi Eun Sung , Lee Ju Yup , Park Kyung Sik , Cho Kwang Bum , Lee Yoo Jin 
Published: August 2021

Background
Anti-spasmodic agents are commonly injected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to improve visualization of the gastric mucosa by inhibiting gastrointestinal (GI) peristalsis. The availability of oral anti-spasmodic agents would increase convenience. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral phloroglucinol (Flospan®) as a premedication for unsedated EGD.

Methods
A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Individuals scheduled to undergo unsedated EGD were randomly assigned to receive either oral phloroglucinol or matching placebo 15 min before EGD. The primary outcome was the rate of complete gastric peristalsis suppression. Outcomes were assessed by independent investigators according to the classification of gastric peristalsis and ease of intragastric observation at the beginning (Period A) and end (Period B) of EGD.

Results
Overall, 71 phloroglucinol-treated and 71 placebo-treated participants (n = 142 total) were included. The phloroglucinol group showed significantly higher proportions of participants with complete gastric peristalsis suppression than the placebo group (22.5% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.040). The ease of intragastric observation was significantly better in the phloroglucinol group than in the placebo group at Periods A (P < 0.001) and B (P = 0.005). Patients in both groups had comparable adverse events and showed willingness to take the premedication at their next examination.

Conclusions
Oral phloroglucinol significantly suppressed gastrointestinal peristalsis during unsedated EGD compared with placebo (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03342118).
COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sayed Mohamed H. , Hegazi Moustafa A. , El-Baz Mohamed S. , Alahmadi Turki S. , Zubairi Nadeem A. , Altuwiriqi Mohammad A. , Saeedi Fajr A. , Atwah Ali F. , Abdulhaq Nada M. , Almurashi Saleh H. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in quarantine/lockdown measures in most countries. Quarantine may create intense psychological problems including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) especially for the vulnerable critically developing children/adolescents. Few studies evaluated PTSD associated with infectious disasters but no Saudi study investigated PTSD associated with COVID-19 in children/adolescents. This study was undertaken to screen for PTSD in children/adolescent in Saudi Arabia to identify its prevalence/risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic and its quarantine.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted after 2 months form start of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic utilizing the original English version and an Arabic translated version for the University of California at Los Angeles Brief COVID-19 Screen for Child/Adolescent PTSD that can be parent-reported or self-completed by older children/adolescents. Participants (Saudi citizens/non-Saudi residents) were approached online via social media.

Results
Five hundred and thirty seven participants were enrolled. The participants were 262 boys and 275 girls with a mean age of 12.25±3.77 years. Symptoms of no, minimal, mild and potential PTSD were identified in 15.5%, 44.1%, 27.4% and 13.0% of children/adolescents, respectively. The age, gender, school grade, and residence were not predictive of PTSD symptoms. Univariate analysis of risk factors for PTSD revealed that work of a close relative around people who might be infected was significantly different between groups of PTSD symptoms, but this difference disappeared during multivariate analysis. Children/adolescents of Saudi citizens had significantly lower median total PTSD score than children/adolescents of expatriate families (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
PTSD associated with the COVID-19 and its resultant quarantine shouldn’t be overlooked in different populations as it is expected in a considerable proportion of children/adolescents with variable prevalence, risk factors and severity. Parents/healthcare providers must be aware of PTSD associated with COVID-19 or similar disasters, so, they can provide children/adolescent with effective coping mechanisms.
Factors associated with and socioeconomic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 15–64 years in Botswana
Authors: Keetile Mpho , Ndlovu Kagiso , Letamo Gobopamang , Disang Mpho , Yaya Sanni , Navaneetham Kannan 
Published: August 2021

Background
The most commonly diagnosed cancers among women are breast and cervical cancers, with cervical cancer being a relatively bigger problem in low and middle income countries (LMICs) than breast cancer.

Methods
The main aim of this study was to asses factors associated with and socioeconomic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 15–64 years in Botswana. This study is part of the broad study on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Botswana conducted (NCD survey) in 2016. The NCD survey was conducted across 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas of Botswana. The survey collected information on several NCDs and risk factors including cervical and breast cancer screening. The survey adopted a multistage sampling design and a sample of 1178 participants (males and females) aged 15 years and above was selected in both urban and rural areas of Botswana. For this study, a sub-sample of 813 women aged 15–64 years was selected and included in the analysis. The inequality analysis was conducted using decomposition analysis using ADePT software version 6. Logistic regression models were used to show the association between socioeconomic variables and cervical and breast cancer screening using SPSS version 25. All comparisons were considered statistically significant at 5%.

Results
Overall, 6% and 62% of women reported that they were screened for breast and cervical cancer, respectively. Women in the poorest (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.06–0.45) and poorer (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14–0.96) wealth quintiles were less likely to report cervical cancer screening compared to women in the richest wealth quintile. Similarly, for breast cancer, the odds of screening were found to be low among women in the poorest (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.06–0.68) and the poorer (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.13–0.81)) wealth quintiles. Concentration indices (CI) showed that cervical (CI = 0.2443) and breast cancer (CI = 0.3975) screening were more concentrated among women with high SES than women with low SES. Wealth status was observed to be the leading contributor to socioeconomic inequality observed for both cervical and breast cancer screening.

Conclusions
Findings in this study indicate the need for concerted efforts to address the health care needs of the poor in order to reduce cervical and breast cancer screening inequalities.
Use of Melatonin Is Associated With Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Naiqi , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Ji Jianguang 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Preclinical evidence suggests that melatonin may affect cellular pathways involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to test whether melatonin use was associated with decreased risk of CRC using population-based data.

METHODS:
We performed a nationwide cohort study using a new-user study design. We identified a total of 58,657 incident melatonin users aged 50 years and older from the Prescribed Drug Register, and matched them with 175,971 comparisons who did not use melatonin, on the ratio of 1:3. The Cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:
The incidence rate of CRC was 10.40 per 10,000 person-years for melatonin users, whereas the rate was 12.82 per 10,000 person-years in the nonusers. We found a significant negative association between melatonin use and risk of CRC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.92). A test for trend showed a significant dose-response correlation (P < 0.001). The decrease of CRC risk was independent of tumor location and stage at diagnosis. When stratified by age groups, the inverse association was significant only among individuals aged 60 years and older.

DISCUSSION:
This population-based cohort study suggests that the use of melatonin was associated with a reduced risk of CRC. Further studies are needed to confirm the observed association and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKING AND COLLABORATING LEARNING AS CORRELATES OF PRINCIPALS' PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ebunu A. A. , ONYEIKE DR. V. C. 
Published: August 2021

This study examined the relationship between social media networking, collaborating learning and principals' performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. Two research questions guided the study. Two hypotheses were also tested in the study at 0.05 significant level. The study adopted the correlation design. The study population was the 427 principals in public secondary schools in Delta State Post-Primary Education Board. The sample size was 342 principals serving in public secondary schools in Delta State. The multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample. The instruments used to generate data were two questionnaires social media networking, collaborating learning and principals' performance, with reliability coefficients of 0.96 and 0.89 (SMNCL) and (PPQ). The generated data were analyzed using Pearson r and simple regression, t-test associated with simple regression. The findings of the study revealed that social media networking had a positive and strong relationship with principals' performance. The study also revealed that collaborative learning was significantly related to principals' performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. The recommendations made included school principals exploring social media as a veritable avenue for connecting and learning in different experts in different social media tools and online academic community. The study also recommended that principals should maximize the benefits of teamwork, collaboration, and knowledge synergy with their professional colleagues as a pathway to improving their school leadership skills and competencies.
Beyond Rational Systems: Managing Organizational Conflicts From Pluralistic, Open Systems and Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: IYAMABHOR Martins , OGBOR John, O. , AWOSIGHO Onome Precious 
Published: August 2021

This paper examines organizational conflict in the context of rationalist, pluralist, open systems and stakeholder approaches. It argues that the prevailing rational and unitary approaches which dominate organizational analysis are inadequate theoretical tools for understanding the dynamics of organizational conflicts in a pluralistic society. Methodologically, the research approach is built on meta-synthesis. A meta-synthesis is a research approach that brings together qualitative data to form a new interpretation of a research field. From this approach, the paper critically examines three of the dominant approaches in organizational theorizing (the rational, pluralist and open systems perspectives) and their implications for understanding and managing organizational conflict. A synthesis of the literature combines the three perspectives to propose a framework for managing conflicts in organizations. The paper suggests that the open system perspective, in line with a pluralist perspective, is an appropriate framework for studying the relationship between stakeholder management and conflict management and for understanding the dynamics and the forces shaping conflicts in organizations. A stakeholder approach for understanding interests and sources of organizational conflicts is presented including stakeholders’ sources of power and legitimacy. Finally, a framework encompassing strategies for managing organizational conflicts by applying principles of stakeholder management are suggested.
Serological diagnostic for SARS-CoV-2: an experimental External Quality Assessment Scheme
Authors: Sciacovelli Laura , Padoan Andrea , Secchiero Sandra , Plebani Mario 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Numerous analytical systems, rapidly made available on the market throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, aim to detect COVID-19, and to continuously update and improve the same systems. Medical laboratory professionals have also developed in-house analytical procedures in order to satisfy the enormous volume of requests for tests. These developments have highlighted the need control the analytical procedures used in order to guarantee patient safety. The External Quality Assessment (EQA) Scheme, an important quality assurance tool, aims to guarantee high standard performance for laboratory and analytical procedures. The aim of the present study was to report on the results collected in an experimental EQA scheme for the serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
All qualitative results collected in the different EQA surveys were summarized in order to identify the percentage of laboratory results in relation to typology of antibodies, results and samples.

Results
A total of 4,867 data sets were collected. The analysis of EQA data made, demonstrates a better agreement among laboratories results for total Ig than single immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) in the case samples positive for SARS-CoV-2, and a wide divergence between IgM results for positive samples (only 34.9% were correct). Results for negative controls and specificity controls demonstrated a better overall agreement than results for positive samples.

Conclusions
Working in collaboration with the IVD manufacturers, laboratory professionals must strive to achieve harmonization of results, and to develop well-defined protocols complying with the ISO 15189 requirements.
Analysis on space transmission model of the Microwave Wireless Power Transfer system
Authors: Peng Cheng , Ye Zhi-Hao , Xia Yi-Hui , Yang Chao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper systematically analyzes the main link that imposes restrictions on the overall efficiency of the Microwave Wireless Power Transfer (MWPT) system–space transmission. Three typical transmission models of aperture transmission in the near-field area, radiation-focused transmission in the middle-field area, and Friis transmission in the far-field area of radiation were analyzed and calculated. Then, the applicable conditions and efficiency of three-models were compared. And the influence of antenna electrical parameters on the efficiency of the MWPT system was discussed. In the end, three typical space transmission models of aerial vehicles, satellites, and islands were studied. The influence of the medium on the transmission efficiency was emphatically analyzed. This paper aims to summarize the general laws of space transmission of microwave energy. Provide a theoretical reference for related scientific research and engineering practice.
Evaluation of relative performance of Indian states in PV resource utilization through MPI
Authors: Yadav Vinod Kumar , Goyal Preeti , Thukral Arshiya , Varshney Nandni , Ghosh Santosh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To participate in the global fight against climate change, India has set an aggressive target of installing 100 GW of photovoltaic (PV) energy resources by 2022. However, only about 37% of this target is achieved till date, and, presently, the set target appears to be elusive. Hence it is crucial and the need of the hour to analyze the performance of different utilities to identify the regions that need a course correction. In the present work, the relative performance of the Indian states in realizing the national target of PV installed capacity is analyzed through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Time series analysis of the PV sector’s growth in different Indian states over the period 2017–2021 is quantified through the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). The applied methodology revealed that Rajasthan, which has the highest PV potential and second-highest PV installed capacity, is less productive than the small hilly states and union territories, which have meager PV potential. The result provides insight into the factors contributing to the inefficiencies in the development of the PV energy sector, which will help the policymakers take necessary corrective actions to improve the states’ productivity and thereby contribute more effectively to the national goal. The work may be extended to other regions of the world to strengthen the global effort to fight climate change.
Predication of negative dispersion for photonic crystal fiber using extreme learning machine
Authors: Vyas Ajay Kumar , Dhiman Harsh S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a resourceful optical device that can be used in various applications. The dispersion is a major impediment for such optical waveguides. We propose a modified PCF that evaluates the negative dispersion coefficient−3126 ps/(nm–km) at 1.55 μm wavelength. The precise value calculation of the design parameters is helpful to improve the desired output. The machine learning approaches are now more in fashion to predicate such parameters. The dispersion parameters are obtained for three different PCF models as conventional PCF with fixed radius air holes and type 1 and type 2 models with dual radius air holes. Further, the negative dispersion of a type-I PCF is modeled using an extreme learning machine (ELM) as a regression task and its performance is tested against benchmark models such as support vector machine with linear and radial basis function kernel function, Gaussian process regression, and artificial neural network. Results indicate superior performance of ELM as a regressor both, in terms of prediction and computation time.
The Monetary Crisis of Lebanon
Authors: Bitar Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Above its traditional currency and debt crisis features, Lebanon’s ongoing crisis sheds the light on the inherent weakness of dollarized monetary systems. This crisis can be seen as a monetary crisis, as the country’s dollarized banking system’s liquidity and solvency problems led to the loss of the “moneyness” of its dollar denominated deposits. We analyze the different dimensions of this crisis and we make policy recommendations, inspired by the experience of the Argentine 2001–2002 convertibility crisis. Finally, we look into the redistributive implications of different conversion scenarios.
Determinación de parámetros y simulación matemática del proceso de secado del cacao (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Villamizar de Borrero Fanny , Hernández H. José Eugenio 
Published: August 2021

Estudio sobre la producción de cacao en Colombia, y el incremento notable, debido principalmente al aumento en el área cultivada y a los mayores rendimientos por hectárea obtenidos.
Inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFET issues
Authors: Zhang Xufang , Matsumoto Tsubasa , Yamasaki Satoshi , Nebel Christoph E. , Inokuma Takao , Tokuda Norio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the state of the art in inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFETs. We successfully developed the world’s first inversion-channel homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial diamond MOSFETs. We investigated the dependence of phosphorus concentration (NP) of the n-type body on field-effect mobility (μFE) and interface state density (Dit) for the inversion channel homoepitaxial diamond MOSFETs. With regard to the electrical properties of both the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial diamond MOSFETs, they suffer from low μFE and one main reason is high Dit. To improve the interface quality, we proposed a novel technique to form OH-termination by using H-diamond followed by wet annealing, instead of the previous OH-termination formed on O-diamond. We made precise interface characterization for diamond MOS capacitors by using the high-low C–V method and the conductance method, providing further insights into the trap properties at Al2O3/diamond interface, which would be beneficial for performance enhancement of the inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFETs.
Graphic abstract