bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring systems in people with type 1 diabetes: A pooled analysis
Authors: Moser Othmar , Sternad Christoph , Eckstein Max L. , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Michalak Arkadiusz , Mader Julia K. , Ziko Haris , Elsayed Hesham , Aberer Felix , Sola‐Gazagnes Agnes , Larger Etienne , Fadini Gian Poalo , Bonora Benedetta Maria , Bruttomesso Daniela , Boscari Federico , Freckmann Guido , Pleus Stefan , Christiansen Sverre C. , Sourij Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo conduct a pooled analysis to assess the performance of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in association with the rate of change in sensor glucose in a cohort of children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes.Material and MethodsIn this pooled analysis, isCGM system accuracy was assessed depending on the rate of change in sensor glucose. Clinical studies that have been investigating isCGM accuracy against blood glucose, accompanied with collection time points were included in this analysis. isCGM performance was assessed by means of median absolute relative difference (MedARD), Parkes error grid (PEG) and Bland‐Altman plot analyses.ResultsTwelve studies comprising 311 participants were included, with a total of 15 837 paired measurements. The overall MedARD (interquartile range) was 12.7% (5.9‐23.5) and MedARD differed significantly based on the rate of change in glucose (P < 0.001). An absolute difference of −22 mg/dL (−1.2 mmol/L) (95% limits of agreement [LoA] 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L), −103 mg/dL (−5.7 mmol/L)) was found when glucose was rapidly increasing (isCGM glucose minus reference blood glucose), while a −32 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) (95% LoA 116 mg/dL (6.4 mmol/L), −51 mg/dL (−2.8 mmol/L)) absolute difference was observed in periods of rapidly decreasing glucose.ConclusionsThe performance of isCGM was good when compared to reference blood glucose measurements. The rate of change in glucose for both increasing and decreasing glucose levels diminished isCGM performance, showing lower accuracy during high rates of glucose change.
Glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dulaglutide, with and without concomitant insulin: Post hoc analyses of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Jódar Esteban , Romera Irene , Wang Qianqian , Roche Sarah Louise , García‐Pérez Luis‐Emilio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between treatment with dulaglutide and glycaemic variability (GV) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).Materials and MethodsPost hoc analyses of six randomized, phase 3 studies were conducted to investigate the association between treatment with dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly and GV in adult patients with T2D. Using data from seven‐ and eight‐point self‐monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) profiles over up to 28 weeks of treatment, GV in within‐ and between‐day SMPG, and between‐day fasting glucose from SMPG (FSMPG) was assessed according to standard deviation and coefficient of variation.ResultsPooled data from five studies with dulaglutide as monotherapy or added to oral glucose‐lowering medication, without concomitant insulin treatment, revealed clinically meaningful reductions in within‐ and between‐day SMPG, and between‐day FSMPG variability from baseline in the dulaglutide group. Comparisons between treatment groups in two studies demonstrated that reductions from baseline in within‐day and between‐day SMPG, and between‐day FSMPG variability were greater for treatment with dulaglutide compared with insulin glargine, as well as for treatment with dulaglutide when added to insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine alone.ConclusionsIn patients with T2D, treatment with dulaglutide as monotherapy or added to oral glucose‐lowering medication, without concomitant insulin treatment, was potentially associated with a reduction in GV. Treatment with dulaglutide was associated with a reduction in GV to a greater degree than insulin glargine. When added to insulin glargine, treatment with dulaglutide was associated with greater decreases in GV compared with insulin glargine alone. As reduced GV may be associated with better outcomes, these findings may have clinical relevance.
A comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal influenza surveillance in five European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom
Authors: Rigoine de Fougerolles Thierry , Puig‐Barbera Joan , Kassianos George , Vanhems Philippe , Schelling Jorg , Crepey Pascal , de Lejarazu Raul Ortiz , Ansaldi Filippo , Fruhwein Markus , Galli Cristina , Mosnier Anne , Pariani Elena , Rasuli Anvar , Vitoux Olivier , Watkins John , Weinke Thomas , Bricout Hélène 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak that unfolded across Europe in 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) called for repurposing existing influenza surveillance systems to monitor COVID‐19. This analysis aimed to compare descriptively the extent to which influenza surveillance systems were adapted and enhanced and how COVID‐19 surveillance could ultimately benefit or disrupt routine influenza surveillance.MethodsWe used a previously developed framework in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom to describe COVID‐19 surveillance and its impact on influenza surveillance. The framework divides surveillance systems into seven subsystems and 20 comparable outcomes of interest and uses five evaluation criteria based on WHO guidance. Information on influenza and COVID‐19 surveillance systems were collected from publicly available resources shared by European and national public health agencies.ResultsOverall, non‐medically attended, virological, primary care and mortality surveillance were adapted in most countries to monitor COVID‐19, although community, outbreak and hospital surveillance were reinforced in all countries. Data granularity improved, with more detailed demographic and medical information recorded. A shift to systematic notification for cases and deaths enhanced both geographic and population representativeness, although the sampling strategy benefited from the roll out of widespread molecular testing. Data communication was greatly enhanced, contributing to improved public awareness.ConclusionsWell‐established influenza surveillance systems are a key component of pandemic preparedness, and their upgrade allowed European countries to respond to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, uncertainties remain on how both influenza and COVID‐19 surveillance can be jointly and durably implemented.
Immunoproteasome modulates NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated neuroinflammation under cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion conditions
Authors: Chen Xingyong , Wang Yinzhou , Yao Nannan , Lin Zejing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCompelling evidence showed that both nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and the immunoproteasome participate in neuroinflammatory responses in cerebral ischaemia injury. Moreover, inhibition of either NLRP3 inflammasomes or the immunoproteasome attenuates both neuroinflammation and neurological deterioration during ischaemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism between the immunoproteasome and NLRP3 inflammasomes under ischaemic stroke conditions remains to be established. In this study, using both in vitro and in vivo ischaemic models, we demonstrated that the immunoproteasome inhibition reduced the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome‐associated proteins, including NLRP3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC), caspase‐1 and mature cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β and IL‐18). It also downregulated the levels of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and pyroptotic‐ and apoptotic‐related proteins, and improved cell viability. In addition, inhibition of NF‐κB by the small molecule inhibitor Bay‐11‐7082 led to lower levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes and cleaved caspase‐1 proteins in BV2 cells after oxygen‐glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Together, these findings suggest that the immunoproteasome may be responsible for inducing the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes via the NF‐κB pathway. Therapeutic interventions that target activation of the immunoproteasome/NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may provide novel prospects for the future treatment of ischaemic stroke.
Generation and application of a monoclonal antibody specific for the ORF121 of cyprinid herpesvirus 2
Authors: Gao Wa , Zhao Lupin , Zheng Yihua , Wu Kaixuan , Xu Feiyang , Wang Hao , Lu Liqun , Jiang Yousheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is a viral pathogen worldwide and causing high mortality on goldfish and silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). In order to establish a stable and sensitive immunological diagnostic approach, the recombinant ORF121 protein encoded by the CyHV‐2 ORF121 gene, was selected as a capture antigen to identify cells and tissues infected with CyHV‐2 by immunological methods in this study. Firstly, the open reading frame of CyHV‐2 ORF121 was cloned into the PGEX‐4T‐3 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant ORF121 protein was then used as an antigen to prepare monoclonal antibodies, and an efficient hybridoma cell line was selected by dot‐blot assay. The resulting mAb‐3D9 was applied to detect CyHV‐2 in infected caudal fin of Carassius auratus gibelio (GiCF) cells and fish tissues by western blotting, immunofluorescence assays and immunohistological asays. The monoclonal antibody could specifically identify CyHV‐2 in infected GiCF cells and the gills, the kidney and the spleen tissues, and it could attenuate CPE by CyHV‐2 in vitro, suggesting it can be applied for CyHV‐2 detection in the crucian carp and ORF121 may be a candidate vaccine against CyHV‐2.
Streptococcus agalactiae infection caused spinal deformity in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Piamsomboon Patharapol , Srisuwatanasagul Sayamon , Kongsonthana Kittipot , Wongtavatchai Janenuj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA case of juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) showing body deformity due to spinal curvature was investigated. Approximately 20% of the crop (4,000 fish/crop) was affected. Bacterial isolation from the kidney and tissue surrounding the spinal lesion of the affected fish was negative. Histopathology revealed granulomatous inflammation and Gram‐positive cocci in connective tissues around the bone and notochord. PCR assay confirmed the presence of S. agalactiae in the spinal tissue lesion. Spinal deformity in red tilapia observed in our study may be associated with the inflammatory process and granuloma that compress the skeleton structure. The present study highlights chronic streptococcosis in tilapia culture that may be unnoticed.
The effects of gender identity change efforts on Black, Latinx, and White transgender and gender nonbinary adults: Implications for ethical clinical practice
Authors: Heiden‐Rootes Katie , McGeorge Christi R. , Salas Joanne , Levine Samantha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGender identity change efforts (GICE) and sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) continue to be practiced by mental health professionals and religious organizations. It is frequently sought out by families who are rejecting loved ones with marginalized sexual orientations and gender identities. This study explored the impact of religious and nonreligious GICE on the mental health of transgender and nonbinary adults through a secondary data analysis of the U.S. Transgender Survey. Results found that both nonreligious and religious GICE were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation and attempts. Only nonreligious GICE was associated with severe psychological distress. Black individuals showed increased odds of binge alcohol consumption when exposed to nonreligious change efforts, while White individuals showed decreased odds with both nonreligious and religious GICE. This study supports ethical and legal bans on GICE.
Improving preparation for scalp cooling: Learning from women undergoing chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer—The COOL study
Authors: Renehan Steffi , Tencic Monika , Jackson Kylie , Krishnasamy Meinir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study set out to understand the experiences and expectations of scalp cooling among women with early‐stage breast cancer. The objective was to develop patient co‐produced information resources to better inform and prepare women considering scalp cooling during chemotherapy.BackgroundTreatment‐induced alopecia is a common concern among women preparing for chemotherapy. Evidence indicates that many women feel inadequately prepared for scalp cooling, resulting in potentially mitigable distress and disappointment.DesignA single‐site, sequential, explanatory mixed‐methods design was used. Participants included women with early‐stage breast cancer who had previously or were currently using, scalp cooling. Women completed an online survey exploring scalp cooling experiences and expectations and self‐selecting participants took part in one semi‐structured, audio‐recorded interview. Guidelines for Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study were followed.ResultsForty‐nine women (69%) consented to take part in the survey and 23 took part in an interview. Most women described losing more hair than they expected. Many described feeling inadequately prepared for the discomfort of scalp cooling; the additional time needed to accommodate scalp cooling during treatment and, that they lacked information about self‐ care to help minimise hair loss. Importantly, several participants described variability in nurses’ knowledge and practical skills regarding scalp cooling.ConclusionsTo optimise experience of scalp cooling, women need comprehensive preparatory information about variability in efficacy of scalp cooling; time needed to accommodate scalp cooling; hair care during treatment, and the potential discomfort associated with it. They also need nurses to be confident and well informed about scalp cooling processes.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study led to the development of online, patient co‐produced resources to help prepare and inform women considering using scalp cooling; and an online scalp cooling training module and checklist for nurses. Links to the resources are included in the manuscript.
Accuracy of Original vs. Non‐Original Abutments Using Various Connection Geometries for Single Unit Restorations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rizvi Naureen , Alyahya Yasir , Rizvi Ali , Narvekar Unnati , Petridis Haralampos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo ascertain whether the compatibility of non‐original abutments (NOAs) with dental implants is influenced by the type of implant connection, i.e.‐ internal or external, and whether certain combinations of componentry may be as compatible as the original components.MethodsA structured literature search was conducted using 3 electronic databases (MEDLINE®, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection) for studies reporting on the use of non‐original abutments published between 1995 and 2020. This was supplemented with hand searching in relevant journals and references, as well as searching grey literature. Relevant studies were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. Data was collected for the following parameters: precision of fit, microleakage, micromorphological differences, micromotion, rotational misfit, screw loosening, maximum load capacity, fracture resistance, tensile strength, compressive strength and invivo implant and prosthesis outcomes.ResultsThe electronic search and hand search yielded titles and abstracts of 5617 studies following de‐duplication; based on the eligibility criteria, 40 studies were finally selected. Overall, original abutments showed better precision of fit, ability to resist microleakage, prevention of rotational misfit and micromotion, and fatigue strength compared with non‐original abutments. Some non‐original abutments on external connections were comparable with original abutments in terms of precision of fit and resistance to screw loosening and may be associated with less catastrophic failures than those on internal connections.ConclusionOriginal abutments present more predictable outcomes than non‐original abutments with regards to the parameters investigated. However, it seems that external connections can provide some level of compatibility in terms of precision of fit and may also exhibit less catastrophic failures than NOAs on internal connections. This may be due to the increased rotational freedom external connections provide. There is a lack of information regarding the influence of connection geometry on many aspects of compatibility and therefore the current clinical recommendation should be to use original abutments. More laboratory studies comparing non‐original abutments on different implant connections are required. In addition, there is a need for long‐term in vivo studies providing data on the clinical performance of non‐original abutments.
Religion, Punitive Sentiment, and the Mediating Effect of Racial Resentment
Authors: Harris Jacob W. , Jones Melissa S. , Monson J. Quin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA “tough on crime” attitude has dominated criminal justice policy and practice in the United States since the 1970s. In an effort to understand this rise in punitiveness, scholars have identified racial attitudes and religion as significant predictors of punitive sentiment. However, little or no extant research has examined the potential mediating effect of racial resentment on the relationship between religion and punitive attitudes. Using data from the 2017 Kids’ Wellbeing Survey, ordinal and logistic regressions are employed to measure the relationships between religion, racial resentment, and punitive attitudes toward youth criminals. Findings indicate that the effects of religion, particularly Mainline Protestant, Evangelical, and Catholic affiliation, on punitive attitudes toward criminally involved youth is mediated by racial resentment. This suggests that racial resentment plays a significant role in understanding the relationship between religion and punitive sentiments.
Represented but unequal: The contingent effect of legal representation in removal proceedings
Authors: Ryo Emily , Peacock Ian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSubstantial research and policymaking have focused on the importance of lawyers in ensuring access to civil justice. But do lawyers matter more in cases decided by certain types of judges than others? Do lawyers matter more in certain political, legal, and organizational contexts than others? We explore these questions by investigating removal proceedings in the United States—a court process in which immigration judges decide whether to admit noncitizens into the United States or deport them. Drawing on over 1.9 million removal proceedings decided between 1998 and 2020, we examine whether the representation effect (the increased probability of a favorable outcome associated with legal representation) depends on judge characteristics and contextual factors. We find that the representation effect is larger among female (than male) judges and among more experienced judges. In addition, the representation effect is larger during Democratic presidential administrations, in immigration courts located in the Ninth Circuit, and in times of increasing caseload. These findings suggest that the representation effect depends on who the judge is and their decisional environment, and that increasing noncitzens' access to counsel—even of high quality—might be insufficient under current circumstances to ensure fair and consistent outcomes in immigration courts.
Academic Placement Data and Analysis (APDA) 2021 survey of philosophy Ph.D. students and recent graduates: Demographic data, program ratings, academic job placement, and nonacademic careers
Authors: Jennings Carolyn Dicey , Dayer Alex 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoctoral graduates in philosophy are an excellent source of information about the discipline: they are at the cutting edge of research trends, have an inside view of research‐focused departments, and their employment prospects provide early insights on the future health of the discipline. This report details the results of a survey sent in 2021 to recent Ph.D. graduates and current students, as well as data‐gathering efforts by Academic Placement Data and Analysis that have taken place over the past ten years. The report especially focuses on demographic representation, program ratings, academic job placement, and nonacademic careers.
Metametaphysics and semantics
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetaphysics faces a threat from apparently metaphysics‐friendly non‐epistemic forms of semantics, on which sentences express “worldly” propositions—for example, functions from worlds to truth‐values. The threat goes back to Wittgenstein”s Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus and is pressed in different forms by various contemporary philosophers. It is that metaphysical claims turn out either trivially true or trivially false, because they express the same proposition as a tautology or contradiction. The problem is shown to generalize to accounts on which sentences express Russellian structured propositions. It applies to logic and mathematics as well as metaphysics. Attempts to solve it by reinterpreting apparently non‐contingent claims as contingent metalinguistic claims or by invoking Fregean semantics are shown to fail. The underlying problem concerns necessary equivalence, not necessary truth, and arises in all domains. To solve it, we must recognize that the form of our representations plays an ineliminable cognitive role that cannot be reduced to their content.
The Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from the United Kingdom*
Authors: Stenner Nick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse how the response of the UK economy to monetary policy shocks depends on the state of the economy, or the sign or size of the shock. Monetary policy shocks are identified by extending the Cloyne and Hürtgen (2016) approach to allow for time variation in the central bank reaction function. These shocks are used to estimate impulse responses by local projections to investigate asymmetries in the transmission mechanism. The main result is that shocks that occur during economic booms have significantly larger effects than those that occur during recessions. In addition, I find that expansionary shocks are more powerful than contractionary shocks, and that large shocks have a proportionally weaker effect on output than small shocks. The results are robust to alternative monetary policy shock identification methods and variations in the empirical specification.