bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Nomogram For Predicting Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Yu Chengxuan , Yao Chong , Zhu Yu , Liu Siyuan , Kong Xianghao , Guo Daihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Drug-induced acute kidney injury (D-AKI) is associated with increased mortality and longer hospital stays. This study aims to establish a nomogram to predict the occurrence of D-AKI in hospitalized patients in a multi-drug environment. Methods: A retrospective study among adult hospitalized patients was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019 based on the Adverse Drug Events Active Surveillance and Assessment System-2 developed by our hospital. According to the propensity score matching algorithm, four controls per case were matched to eliminate the confounding bias caused by individual baseline variables. The predictors for D-AKI were obtained by logistic regression equation and used to establish the nomogram. Results: Among 51,772 hospitalized patients, 332 were diagnosed with D-AKI. After matching, 288 pairs and 1,440 patients were included in the study, including 1,005 cases in the development group and 435 cases in the validation group. The top three drugs in terms of incidence were amphotericin B liposome (4/52, 7.69%), amphotericin B (2/39, 5.13%) and ceftazidime (2/52, 3.85%). Six variables were independent predictors for D-AKI: alcohol abuse, the concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or diuretics, chronic kidney disease, lower baseline red blood cell count and neutrophil count ≥7×109/L. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model in the development group and validation group were 0.787 (95%CI, 0.752 ~ 0.823) and 0.788 (95%CI, 0.736 ~ 0.840), respectively. The GiViTI calibration belts showed that the model had a good prediction accuracy for the occurrence of D-AKI (P>0.05). Conclusions: This nomogram can help identify patients at high risk of D-AKI, which was useful in preventing the progression of-D-AKI and treating it in the early stages.
The Accuracy of Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography Scans to Detect Postpartum Haemorrhage: An Observational Study
Authors: MITSUYAMA YUMI , KATAYAMA YUSUKE , OI KAZUYA , SHIMAZAKI JUNYA , MIMURA KAZUYA , ENDO MASAYUKI , SHIMAZU TAKESHI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal mortality. Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) is useful to reveal arterial bleeding, its accuracy in postpartum haemorrhage is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CE-CT scanning in detecting postpartum haemorrhage.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. We included patients with postpartum haemorrhage treated by emergency physicians in collaboration with obstetricians. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for CE-CT scanning to detect arterial bleeding.Results: CE-CT scanning was performed in 52 patients, and 31 patients had extravasation. The sensitivity of CE-CT scanning to detect arterial extravasation was 100% (15/15), specificity was 28.6% (2/7), positive predictive value was 75% (15/20), and negative predictive value was 100% (2/2).Conclusion: We showed the sensitivity of CE-CT scanning to detect arterial extravasation in patients with postpartum haemorrhage to be 100%.
Earliest Evidence of Marine Habitat Use by Mammals
Authors: Wroblewski Anton , Gulas-Wroblewski Bonnie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Evidence for the earliest invasion of the marine realm by mammals was previously restricted to Eocene (48.6-37.8 Ma) skeletal remains. We report incontrovertible ichnofossil evidence for brackish-water habitat use by at least two mammalian species in southern Wyoming during the late Paleocene (58 Ma). These are the first Paleocene mammal trackways recorded in the United States and only the fourth documented in the world. Multiple tracks preserved in restricted marine deposits represent animals repeatedly walking across submerged to partially emergent tidal flats. Hundreds of tracks are preserved in planform and cross-sectional exposure within five horizons along a 1,032 m tracksite. Four prints exhibit five clear toe imprints, while two others distinctly display four toes. Some tracks penetrate beds populated by dwelling traces of marine bivalves and polychaetes in the upper layers and sea anemones at the base. Candidates for the five-toed tracemakers are pantodonts such as Titanoides, Barylambda, and Coryphodon, which have been recovered from late Paleocene strata throughout western North America. The four-toed tracks provide the earliest evidence of previously-undescribed large artiodactyls and/or tapiroids, mutually supporting recent molecular phylogenetic studies that place the origin of Cetartiodactyla near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (~67.7 Ma). Collectively, these trackways irrefutably demonstrate the utility of ichnological data in reconstructing the evolutionary history and adaptive behaviors of extinct taxa beyond the evidence provided by body fossils alone.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Li Jiayi , You Jun , Zhou Yanming , Wang Shijie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a rare histological subtype of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The current study evaluates the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of SRC.Methods Patients with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 2016. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox regression method.Results Of 22,781 gallbladder adenocarcinomas retrieved, 377 (1.7%) were SRC and the other 22,404 were non-SRC. SRC was more significantly associated with older age, female gender, poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and advanced AJCC stage. The 1-, 2- and 5-year OS was 28.1%, 16.8% and 7.2% for SRC vs. 34.9%, 23.1% and 13.2% for non-SRC, respectively (P = 0.002). Multivariable analysis showed that the SRC histology was independently associated with a dismal prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.256, P = 0.021). Surgery in combination with chemotherapy improved OS of gallbladder SRC patients compared with surgery alone (HR 0.726, P = 0.036) or chemotherapy alone (HR 0.433, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with SRC of the gallbladder have distinct clinicopathological features with poor prognosis. Surgery in combination with chemotherapy can improve survival.
Inverse Ratio Ventilation for Preventing Intra-Operative Hypercapnia in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Han XD , Zhang Wangping , Qian XH 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHigh end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) and respiratory acidosis occurs frequently in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study is to be investigate the effect of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) with inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I: E) of 2:1 on children undergoing laparoscopic surgery. MethodsEighty children undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were allocated randomly to the IRV group (1: E=2:1) and the control group (I: E=1:2). Children received pressure-controlled ventilation with I: E ratio of 2:1 or 1:2. Hemodynamic parameters and respiratory mechanics were recorded. Side effects were also recorded. ResultsAt 30 min after CO2 pneumoperitoneum, tidal volume (Vt) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were greater in the IRV group than the control group (100.6 ± 6.6 vs. 95.1±7.9 ml, 282.7 ± 45.6 vs.246.5 ± 40.1mmHg, respectively) (P < 0.01), but PaCO2 was lower than the control group (43.9 ± 5.45 vs. 46.7 ± 4.90 mmHg, P = 0.013). The incidence of intra-operative hypercapnia was lower in the IRV group (25% vs. 42.5%, P= 0.03). ConclusionIRV may reduce the incidence of intra-operative hypercapnia as well as increasing Vt and thus improving CO2 elimination in children undergoing laparoscopy. (Registration number: ChiCTR2000035589)
Response to Steroid and Immunosuppressive Therapies May Predict Post-transplant Recurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Miura Kenichiro , Ando Taro , Kanda Shoichiro , Hashimoto Taeko , Kaneko Naoto , Hamada Riku , Hataya Hiroshi , Hotta Kiyohiko , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Nishiyama Kei , Hamasaki Yuko , Shishido Seiichiro , Fujita Naoya , Hattori Motoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major challenge in kidney transplantation. Several clinical factors, including initial steroid sensitivity, have been associated with increased post-transplant FSGS recurrence risk. However, conflicting data have been reported, possibly due to the heterogeneous pathophysiology of FSGS and the lack of genetic testing of FSGS patients. Further, the response to immunosuppressive therapies have not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for post-transplant recurrence in stringently selected patients based on a comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation and genetic testing. Fifty-nine patients aged 1–25 years at FSGS onset who underwent kidney transplantation between 2002 and 2018 were enrolled. Patients with secondary, familial, syndromic, and genetic FSGS and those who did not undergo genetic testing were excluded. Data from 15 kidney transplant recipients were analyzed. Nine (60%) patients experienced post-transplant FSGS recurrence, while six patients did not. The proportion of patients who achieved complete or partial remission with initial steroid and/or additional therapies with immunosuppressive agents and/or plasmapheresis was significantly higher in the FSGS recurrence group than the group without FSGS recurrence (P=0.04). In conclusion, this study suggests that the response to steroid treatment, other immunosuppressive agents, and/or plasmapheresis may predict post-transplant FSGS recurrence.
Validation of The DIGIROP-Birth Model in A Chinese Cohort
Authors: Chen Sizhe , Wu Rong , Chen He , Ma Wenbei , Du Shaolin , Li Chao , Lu Xiaohe , Feng Songfu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

We aimed to validate the predictive performance of the DIGIROP-Birth model for identifying treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP) in Chinese preterm infants to evaluate its generalizability across countries and races.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of preterm infants who were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a single Chinese hospital between June 2015 and August 2020. The predictive performance of the model for TR-ROP was assessed through the construction of a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the areas under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
Results

Four hundred and forty-two infants (mean (SD) gestational age = 28.8 (1.3) weeks; mean (SD) birth weight = 1237.0 (236.9) g; 64.7% males) were included in the study. Analyses showed that the DIGIROP-Birth model demonstrated less satisfactory performance than previously reported in identifying infants with TR-ROP, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.634 (95% confidence interval = 0.564–0.705). With a cutoff value of 0.0084, the DIGIROP-Birth model showed a sensitivity of 48/93 (51.6%), which increased to 89/93 (95.7%) after modification with the addition of postnatal risk factors. In infants with a gestational age < 28 weeks or birth weight < 1000 g, the DIGIROP-Birth model exhibited sensitivities of 36/39 (92.3%) and 20/23 (87.0%), respectively.
Conclusions

Although the predictive performance was less satisfactory in China than in developed countries, modification of the DIGIROP-Birth model with postnatal risk factors shows promise in improving its efficacy for TR-ROP. The model may also be effective in infants with a younger gestational age or with an extremely low birth weight.
The genomic distribution map of human papillomavirus in China
Authors: Chen Ling , Dong Yan , Li Jiao , Zhao Jinqiu , Xu Li , Wu Yue , Liu Huandong , Lu Jungao , Yao Zuoyi , Li Xiaosong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a total of 301,880 woman were recruited from 4 different regions of China. The overall prevalence of HPV was 18.01 %. The high-risk HPV infection rate was 79.14%, the low-risk HPV infection rate was 12.56 %, and the mixed HPV infection rate was 8.30%. The most common 4 HR HPV subtypes were HPV-52, 16, 58 and 53, which accounted for 20.49 %, 19.93 %, 14.54 % and 10.01 %. In LR HPV genotype, HPV-6 ranked the highest (28.17 %), followed by HPV-81 (9.09 %) and HPV-11 (3.78 %). HPV genotype subgroup analysis also showed that single-type infections had the highest prevalence rate (77.26 %) among HPV positive individuals. Among muti-infection genotype, double infection was the most common with frequencies of 76.04 %. This large report showed that the overall prevalence of HPV was high in China, whose distribution exhibits different patterns across different particular age and regions. Viral genotypes HPV 53, 6 were frequently detected in this population, which is worth of significant clinical attention.
Streptoneury Is Independent From Ontogenetic Torsion in the Caenogastropod Snail Marisa Cornuarietis
Authors: Morath J. Anton , Fischer Stefan , Hannig Leonie , Schwarz Simon , Triebskorn Rita , Betz Oliver , Köhler Heinz-R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A hallmark in snails’ anatomy is the conspicuous crossing of the pleurovisceral nerve cords present in all but the most derived gastropod clades. This feature is called streptoneury and hitherto near-universally believed to derive from the process of torsion which is, ontogenetically, visible by a 180° rotation of the visceral sac relative to the cephalopodium, being also responsible for the formation of a cranially bent gut and the location of gills in a mantle cavity that opens to the anterior. However, the mechanical link between the ontogenetic rotation of the visceropallium and streptoneury has never been demonstrated directly. After suppressing ontogenetic torsion in the freshwater apple snail Marisa cornuarietis, we could show in a 3D reconstruction based on serial sectioning that the nervous system of the non-torted snail almost identically mirrored the classical organization of a normally developed individual and showed all features of streptoneury in this species. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the pleurovisceral cords not to be fully shaped after completion of ontogenetic torsion. We therefore conclude that, ontogenetically, and potentially also phylogenetically, torsion is not an implicit prerequisite for streptoneury, thereby fundamentally challenging a century-old ‘certainty’ in molluscan developmental biology and evolution.
Stretching the Limit of Native Liver Survival in Biliary Atresia After Kasai Portoenterostomy – a 37-year Territory-wide Study
Authors: Chung Patrick Ho Yu , Chan Edwin Kin Wai , Yeung Fanny , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Mou Jennifer Wai Cheung , Lee Kim Hung , Hung Judy Wing Suet , Leung Michael Wai Yip , Tam Paul Kwong Hang , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveWe present a 37 years’ experience in the management of biliary atresia (BA) and discuss long-term complications after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).MethodsA retrospective territory-wide study from 1980 to 2017 on 231 patients with open KPE from three tertiary paediatric surgical centres was performed. The jaundice clearance (JC) rate, native liver survival (NLS) rate and complications were analyzed.ResultsThe mean follow up period was 15.4 +/- 6.2 years. Over 60% of patients remained JC within 2 years after KPE. Seventy patients (30.3%) received liver transplant (LT) at a median age of 6.2 years (range: 0.5 to 25 years). The NLS rates at 10, 20 and 30 years were 70.7%, 61.5% and 53.0% respectively with no significant change over the study period. The median bilirubin level among all native liver survivors (n=153) was 24 µmol/L (2 to 162 µmol/L). Portal hypertension (PHT) and recurrent cholangitis were found in 51.6% and 27.5% of them respectively.ConclusionWith a vigilant follow up program, more than 60% of BA patients could remain stable with the disease and achieve long term survival without LT. Although portal hypertension and recurrent cholangitis are common, they do not need to be the indications for LT if managed properly.
Biological Age in COPD Patients Reveals an Accelerated Lung Aging
Authors: Campisi Manuela , Liviero Filippo , Maestrelli Piero , Guarnieri Gabriella , Pavanello Sofia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death worldwide, shows striking clinical aging-associated features of lung. We tested the hypothesis that lung biological aging in COPD is accelerated. Biological aging was assessed by mitotic telomere length (TL) and non-mitotic age-dependent methylation changes in specific CpGs (DNAmAge) of lung cells, obtained from induced sputum, and peripheral blood leucocytes in 18 COPD patients (72.4±7.7 years; 50% males), clinically appraised by lung function and blood parameters. DNAmAge (67.4±5.80 vs 61.6±5.40 years; p=0.0003), AgeAcc (-4.5±5.02 vs -10.8±3.50 years; p=0.0003) and TL attrition (1.05±0.35 vs 1.48±0.21 T/S; p=0.0341) are higher in lung than blood in the same patients. Blood DNAmAge (r=0.927245; p=0.0026) and AgeAcc (r=0.916445; p=0.0037), but not TL, highly correlate with that of lung. Therefore, blood can be a proxy indicator of lung biological age. Multiple regression analyses show that both blood DNAmAge and AgeAcc decrease (i.e., younger) in patients with combined inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy (p=0.0494 and p=0.0553) and FEV1% enhancement (p=0.0254; p=0.0296). In conclusion, the new finding, that lung of COPD patients is remarkably biologically older than blood, opens new research challenge on novel therapeutic approaches to counteract this key aspect of the disease.
Long Duration and Resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 in Cameroonian Population
Authors: Buri Donald , Njuwa Fai Karl Gwei , Matchim Lucrece , Akendji Blaise , Eteki Lucrèce , Fouda Nicole Mbarga , Bebbel Lisa , Ndifon Mark , Hamadou Achta , Dora Tchiasso , Nicolay Birgit , Abbah Aristide , Tchoula Corinne , Kameni Bertrand Tchualeu , René Essomba , Nsaibirni Robert , Ntone Rodrigue , Fanne Mahamat , Eyangoh Sara , Ouamba Jean Patrick , Koku Modeste Tamakloé , Mandeng Nadia , Esso Linda , Claire Okomo Marie , Epée Emilienne , Mballa Georges Alain Etoundi , Njouom Richard , Boum Yap 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInfection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to a detectable serological immune response even though extent of its protection is still not yet well known. We report long duration and resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. MethodsWe included a cohort of 99 participants from our non-blinded non-randomized evaluation of COVID-19 tests in Cameroon. Demographic and clinical information was collected from participants including self-reported age, race, ethnicity, and gender. Qualitative data was described as proportions while quantitative data was described with means and accompanying ranges.ResultsDuration of PCR for SARS-CoV-2 positivity was found to range from 4 – 81 days, with mean duration of 32.8 days in patients with PCR-positive. We also identified 4 participants who also had SARS-CoV-2 resurgence within a three-month period. Conclusion﻿These observations raise questions on clinical decision to release COVID-19 cases from isolation after 14 days.
Study of the Effect of Ability and Motivation Factors on the Failure of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Iran
Authors: Mirzaye Sina , Nashtaei Reza Aghajan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of small and medium-sized enterprises through entrepreneurship, revenue growth and creation of employment opportunities on the global economy is undeniable. Although these enterprises enjoy some strength like flexibility and compatibility in comparison to larger enterprises, they face a lot of problems which have kept their failure rate high. Therefore, in order to have proper and principled policy and plan to achieve economic development it is important to identify the factors affecting the failure of small businesses.This study aims to investigate the effect of two individual factors of ability and motivation on the failure of small and medium-sized businesses by studying 30 unsuccessful companies located in Industrial towns of Guilan province by presenting a questionnaire among managers and employees. In this paper, SPSS16 software was used for data analysis and to access the answers of the research questions. According to the results, the impact of sanctions and inflation on motivation was considered as the most significant motivational factor and lack of resources management and being considerate of other’s abilities were regarded as the most important ability factors.
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Mizan-Aman Town Residents In SNNPR, Bench Shako Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Dachew Aklilu Mamo , Zegene Girma Mamo , Ambo Wasihun Adraro , Setegn Meseret Gebremariam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Back ground: The first case of COVID 19 in Ethiopia was confirmed on March 13, 2020. Currently the disease is highly spreading into almost all administrative regions of Ethiopia. COVID -19 is not only a health problem but also causes to the socio-economic crisis. Methods ; community based descriptive study design was conducted in Mizan aman town.Three kebeles were randomly selected from the five kebeles, by proportionally allocating the samples, to each kebeles, from shesheka 134, from Adiss ketema 166, from Kometa ketema,122 samples taken. Households from each kebele were selected by systematic random sampling. First house was selected randomly and every 12th house was selected for the study and one participant from each house was taken for interview by lottery method. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. Data collectors used interview methods by strictly using masks and keeping physical distances.Questionaire administered data collection was avoided during data collection time to reduce cross contamination. Data was entered in EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to summarize the frequencies of correct and percentages. Variables whose p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significantResult The percentage of the respondents who correctly answered fever, fatigue, dry cough and muscle ache can be one of the symptoms of COVID 19 was 94.9% and 74.8% of the respondents correctly answered that, stuffy nose, runny nose, and sneezing are additional symptoms of corona virus. According to the finding, 64.3% had confidence that Ethiopia can win the battle and the study participants who had optimistic attitude weather they go quarantine if infected was 70.6%. The study result showed that 64.3% visited the crowded place during the interview and 61.1% didn’t wear masks when leaving home, 50.8% of the respondents did not avoid cultural behaviors, such as shaking hands, only 48.4% have been practiced social distancing.