bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported medication use as an alternate phenotyping method for anxiety and depression in the UK Biobank
Authors: Skelton Megan , Rayner Christopher , Purves Kirstin L. , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Gaspar Héléna A. , Glanville Kylie P. , Hunjan Avina K. , Hübel Christopher , Breen Gerome , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe requirement for large sample sizes for psychiatric genetic analyses necessitates novel approaches to derive cases. Anxiety and depression show substantial genetic overlap and share pharmacological treatments. Data on prescribed medication could be effective for inferring case status when other indicators of mental health are unavailable. We investigated self‐reported current medication use in UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. Medication Status cases reported using antidepressant or anxiolytic medication (n = 22,218), controls did not report psychotropic medication use (n = 168,959). A subset, “Medication Only,” additionally did not meet criteria for any other mental health indicator (case n = 2,643, control n = 107,029). We assessed genetic overlap between these phenotypes and two published genetic association studies of anxiety and depression, and an internalizing disorder trait derived from symptom‐based questionnaires in UK Biobank. Genetic correlations between Medication Status and the three anxiety and depression phenotypes were significant (rg = 0.60–0.73). In the Medication Only subset, the genetic correlation with depression was significant (rg = 0.51). The three polygenic scores explained 0.33% – 0.80% of the variance in Medication Status and 0.07% – 0.19% of the variance in Medication Only. This study provides evidence that self‐reported current medication use offers an alternate or supplementary anxiety or depression phenotype in genetic studies where diagnostic information is sparse or unavailable.
Range‐wide indicators of African great ape density distribution
Authors: Ordaz‐Németh Isabel , Sop Tenekwetche , Amarasekaran Bala , Bachmann Mona , Boesch Christophe , Brncic Terry , Caillaud Damien , Campbell Geneviève , Carvalho Joana , Chancellor Rebecca , Davenport Tim R. B. , Dowd Dervla , Eno‐Nku Manasseh , Ganas‐Swaray Jessica , Granier Nicholas , Greengrass Elizabeth , Heinicke Stefanie , Herbinger Ilka , Inkamba‐Nkulu Clement , Iyenguet Fortuné , Junker Jessica , Bobo Kadiri S. , Lushimba Alain , Maisels Fiona , Malanda Guy Aimé Florent , McCarthy Maureen S. , Motsaba Prosper , Moustgaard Jennifer , Murai Mizuki , Ndokoue Bezangoye , Nixon Stuart , Nseme Rostand Aba'a , Nzooh Zacharie , Pintea Lilian , Plumptre Andrew J. , Roy Justin , Rundus Aaron , Sanderson Jim , Serckx Adeline , Strindberg Samantha , Tweh Clement , Vanleeuwe Hilde , Vosper Ashley , Waltert Matthias , Williamson Elizabeth A. , Wilson Michael , Mundry Roger , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpecies distributions are influenced by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. It is therefore insufficient to model species distribution at a single geographic scale, as this does not provide the necessary understanding of determining factors. Instead, multiple approaches are needed, each differing in spatial extent, grain, and research objective. Here, we present the first attempt to model continent‐wide great ape density distribution. We used site‐level estimates of African great ape abundance to (1) identify socioeconomic and environmental factors that drive densities at the continental scale, and (2) predict range‐wide great ape density. We collated great ape abundance estimates from 156 sites and defined 134 pseudo‐absence sites to represent additional absence locations. The latter were based on locations of unsuitable environmental conditions for great apes, and on existing literature. We compiled seven socioeconomic and environmental covariate layers and fitted a generalized linear model to investigate their influence on great ape abundance. We used an Akaike‐weighted average of full and subset models to predict the range‐wide density distribution of African great apes for the year 2015. Great ape densities were lowest where there were high Human Footprint and Gross Domestic Product values; the highest predicted densities were in Central Africa, and the lowest in West Africa. Only 10.7% of the total predicted population was found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category I and II protected areas. For 16 out of 20 countries, our estimated abundances were largely in line with those from previous studies. For four countries, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and South Sudan, the estimated populations were excessively high. We propose further improvements to the model to overcome survey and predictor data limitations, which would enable a temporally dynamic approach for monitoring great apes across their range based on key indicators.
3D geometric morphometrics analysis of mandibular fragments of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Ioannidou Melania , Koufos George D. , de Bonis Louis , Harvati Katerina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore mandibular shape differences between Ouranopithecus macedoniensis and a comparative sample of extant great apes using three‐dimensional (3D) geometrics morphometrics. Other objectives are to assess mandibular shape variation and homogeneity within Ouranopithecus, explore the effects of size on mandibular shape, and explore the degree of mandibular sexual size dimorphism in Ouranopithecus.Materials and methodsThe comparative sample comprises digitized mandibles from adult extant great apes. The 3D analysis includes three datasets: one with landmarks registered on the mandibular corpus and symphysis of mandibles preserving both sides, one on hemimandibles only, and one focused on the ramus and gonial area. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted, such as ordination analyses (PCA), intra‐specific Procrustes distances pairs, pairwise male–female centroid size differences, and correlation analyses.ResultsThe male and female specimens of Ouranopithecus have mandibular shapes that are quite similar, although differences exist. The Procrustes distances results suggest more shape variation in Ouranopithecus than in the extant great apes. Ouranopithecus shows some similarities in mandibular shape to the larger great apes, Gorilla and Pongo. Moreover, the degree of sexual dimorphism in the small Ouranopithecus sample is greater than any of the great apes. Based on our correlation analyses of principal components (PC) with size, some PCs are significantly correlated with size, with correlation varying from moderate to substantial.DiscussionThis study attempted to understand better the variation within the mandibles of O. macedoniensis and the expression of sexual dimorphism in this taxon in more detail than has been done previously. The overall mandibular morphology of Ouranopithecus shows some similarities to those of the larger great apes, which likely reflects similarities in size. Compared to Gorilla and Pongo, O. macedoniensis shows an elevated degree of morphological variation, although limitations relating to sample size apply. Sexual dimorphism in the mandibles of O. macedoniensis appears to be relatively high, seemingly greater than in Gorilla and high even in comparison to Pongo, but this again is possibly in part an artifact of a small sample size.
Sidon on the breadth of the wild sea: Movement and diet on the Mediterranean coast in the Middle Bronze Age
Authors: Stantis Chris , Maaranen Nina , Kharobi Arwa , Nowell Geoff M. , Macpherson Colin , Doumet‐Serhal Claude , Schutkowski Holger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesExcavations at Sidon (Lebanon) have revealed dual identities during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1600 BCE): a maritime port and center for local distribution, as well as a settlement with a heavy subsistence dependence on the extensive inland hinterlands. We aim to investigate residential mobility at Sidon using isotopic analyses of 112 individuals from 83 burials (20 females, 26 males, and 37 subadults). Veneration and remembrance of the dead is evident from funerary offerings in and near the tombs. With marine fish a major component in funerary offerings, we predict major marine reliance in this coastal population.Materials and methodsNew isotopic evidence of paleomobility (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O) and diet (δ13Ccarbonate) is the focus of this research. Previous bulk bone collagen δ13C and δ15N analysis is strengthened by further sampling, along with δ34S where collagen yield was sufficient.ResultsThe five non‐locals identified (8.9% of the 56 analyzed) come from constructed tombs with high‐status grave goods except for one, which was heavily disturbed in antiquity. Dietary investigation of the population confirms reliance on terrestrial resources with no significant marine input. No significant differences in diet between the sexes or burial types are present.ConclusionsAlthough Sidon was part of a growing Mediterranean network evidenced through artefactual finds, relatively low immigration is evident. While religious feasts venerating the dead may have involved significant piscine components, no appreciable marine input in diet is observed. Fish may have been reserved for the deceased or only consumed on feast days alongside the dead rather than a regular part of the Bronze Age menu.
Concussion and long‐term cognitive function among rugby players—The BRAIN Study
Authors: Gallo Valentina , McElvenny Damien M. , Seghezzo Giulia , Kemp Simon , Williamson Elizabeth , Lu Kirsty , Mian Saba , James Laura , Hobbs Catherine , Davoren Donna , Arden Nigel , Davies Madeline , Malaspina Andrea , Loosemore Michael , Stokes Keith , Cross Matthew , Crutch Sebastian , Zetterberg Henrik , Pearce Neil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe BRAIN Study was established to assess the associations between self‐reported concussions and cognitive function among retired rugby players.MethodsFormer elite‐level male rugby union players (50+ years) in England were recruited. Exposure to rugby‐related concussion was collected using the BRAIN‐Q tool. The primary outcome measure was the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC). Linear regressions were conducted for the association between concussion and PACC score, adjusting for confounders.ResultsA total of 146 participants were recruited. The mean (standard deviation) length of playing career was 15.8 (5.4) years. A total of 79.5% reported rugby‐related concussion(s). No association was found between concussion and PACC (β –0.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): –1.31, 0.26]). However, participants aged 80+ years reporting 3+ concussions had worse cognitive function than those without concussion (β –1.04 [95% CI: –1.62, –0.47]).ConclusionsOverall there was no association between concussion and cognitive function; however, a significant interaction with age revealed an association in older participants.
Supramolecular Nanopatterns of Molecular Spoked Wheels with Orthogonal Pillars: The Observation of a Fullerene Haze
Authors: Poluektov Georgiy , Keller Tristan J. , Jochemich Anna , Krönert Anna , Müller Ute , Spicher Sebastian , Grimme Stefan , Jester Stefan‐S. , Höger Sigurd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular spoked wheels with intraannular functionalizable pillars are synthesized in a modular approach. The functionalities at their ends are variable, and a propargyl alcohol, a [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyrate, and a perylene monoimide are investigated. All compounds form two‐dimensional crystals on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at the solid–liquid interface. As determined by submolecularly resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, the pillars adopt equilibrium distances of 6.0 nm. The fullerene has a residual mobility, limited by the length of the flexible connector unit. The experimental results are supported and rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations. These also show that, in contrast, the more rigidly attached perylene monoimide units remain oriented along the surface normal and maintain a smallest distance of 2 nm above the graphite substrate. The robust packing concept also holds for cocrystals with molecular hexagons that expand the pillar–pillar distances by 15 % and block unspecific intercalation.
Catalytic activity of silver nanocomposite alginate beads for degradation of basic dye: Kinetic and isothermal study
Authors: Albalwi Hanan , Abou El Fadl Faten Ismail , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Abou Taleb Manal F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the removal of toxic dyes by catalytic degradation is interestingly growing field, diverse types of nanomaterials are used intensively as a catalyst to enhance the catalytic degradation of toxic dyes in the last decades. The unique property of ionic crosslinking of the biopolymer sodium alginate (Na‐ALG) in presence of CaCl2 solution is exploited to prepare Ca‐alginate (Ca‐ALG) microbeads, which further used as precursor for in situ silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) formation by the effect of gamma radiation to obtain Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads. The amount of silver ions adsorbed by the Ca‐ALG beads before reduction was evaluated by using ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). The physicochemical properties of prepared Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads were studied by various techniques as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for approving the creation of Ag NPs and assessing its morphology and particle magnitude. The catalytic reduction ability of the resulting Ca‐ALG/Ag nanocomposite beads is studied toward the degradation of basic blue 3 dye as a model anionic dye by the aid of the reducing agent NaBH4 under various factors including time, pH, catalyst's dosage, NaBH4 contents, and dye's initial concentration. Various kinetics and isothermal models were applied for forecasting the mechanism of the degradation process using the prepared catalyst beads. The kinetics and isothermal study revealed that the degradation process using Ca‐LG/Ag nanocomposite beads as a catalyst in presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent was best fit the pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir isotherm model.
Visible light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by Fe2O3‐BiOCl0.5Br0.5 composite photocatalyst
Authors: Barman Sanmitra , Singh Bipin , Bag Arijit , Patel Arun Singh , Chakraborti Anirban , Rana Abhimanyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel composite photocatalyst, ferric oxide–bismuth oxyhalide (Fe2O3‐BiOCl0.5Br0.5) has been synthesized, characterized, and used for the degradation of methyl orange through advanced oxidation process under ambient conditions (sunlight, pH 7.0, and temperature 25°C). The catalyst has been characterized by using UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) techniques. The catalyst shows appreciable activities under natural sunlight conditions. From the XRD patterns and SEM images, it is observed that the elongation along the z axis in the crystal lattice of BiOCl0.5Br0.5 in the catalyst can lead to a lattice distortion induced internal electric field which can help in charge carrier separation and transport. The Fe2O3‐BiOCl0.5Br0.5 catalyst shows more than 90% photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange in 90 min of sunlight exposure. The presence of magnetic ferric oxide in the composite photocatalyst helps to isolate the catalyst from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet, and thus, the Fe2O3‐BiOCl0.5Br0.5 catalyst can be reused repeatedly, towards degradation of organic pollutants.
Biocomposites from polyamide 11 reinforced by organic silane modified jute fibers: Fabrication and characterization
Authors: Van Cong Do , Giang Nguyen Vu , Trung Tran Huu , Hoang Thai , Lam Tran Dai , Tham Do Quang , Huong Nguyen Thi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing plant derived polymers for the composite production has been considering as an efficiently attempt to reduce the impacts from the environmental pollution as well as utilizes the benefits they can bring. Fully jute/polyamide 11 (PA11) biocomposites are green materials expected to own many outstanding advantages of both components for example, high‐mechanical performances and especially environmentally friendliness. However, to the best of our knowledge, these materials has not been studied so far. This work focuses on the further modification of alkaline pre‐treated jute fibers by using vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and evaluates the effect of silanization on the interaction and adhesion between jute fibers and PA11 resin as well as the characteristics of resulting composites. By using Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetry, mechanical property analysis, color difference measurement, and scanning electron microscopy observations, the contribution of VTMS modification to the enhancement on the interfacial interaction and adhesion between fibers and PA11 resin proved clearly. The results showed that tensile strength, impact strength; and Young's modulus of silanized jute biocomposites increased by 44.1; 26.5 and 55.6%, respectively in comparison to those of untreated fiber biocomposites. Similarly, thermal stability, resistance to water absorption and weathering resistance of obtained biocomposites were improved.
Making and taking information
Authors: Huvila Isto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInformation behavior theory covers different aspects of the totality of information‐related human behavior rather unevenly. The transitions or trading zones between different types of information activities have remained perhaps especially under‐theorized. This article interrogates and expands a conceptual apparatus of information making and information taking as a pair of substantial concepts for explaining, in part, the mobility of information in terms of doing that unfolds as a process of becoming rather than of being, and in part, what is happening when information comes into being and when something is taken up for use as information. Besides providing an apparatus to describe the nexus of information provision and acquisition, a closer consideration of the parallel doings opens opportunities to enrich the inquiry of the conditions and practice of information seeking, appropriation, discovery, and retrieval as modes taking, and learning and information use as its posterities.
Anti‐PrP monoclonal antibody as a novel treatment for neurogenesis in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Ruolin , Ren Ming , Yu Yingxin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, memory decline, and language disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Neurogenesis has been indicated in AD and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Targeting this pathway is a new idea for the treatment of the disease. A recent study reveals that the cellular prion protein (PrP), a receptor for Aβ oligomers, regulates neurogenesis, and its elevated expression is related to cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 6D11 (PrP monoclonal antibody) via neurogenesis promotion in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and Aβ‐induced cell model of AD.MethodsIn the present study, 9‐month‐old male APP/PS1 mice were injected with 6D11. Then, the Morris water maze was used to examine the spatial learning and memory abilities of the mice in both groups, and immunostained was used to assess the level of Aβ, neurogenesis, and neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation.Results6D11 attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which was accompanied by a decrease of the deposition of Aβ. In addition, 6D11 treatment promoted differentiation of the existing hippocampal cells to neurons.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed that 6D11 has a therapeutic effect in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model and Aβ‐induced AD cell model, and the effect exerted via increase of neurogenesis and cell differentiation by transduction of Aβ peptide signal.
High prevalence of epilepsy in Northern Rwanda: Exploring gender differences
Authors: Dedeken Peter , Sebera Fidele , Mutungirehe Sylvestre , Garrez Ieme , Umwiringirwa Josiane , Van Steenkiste Frank , Boon Paul A. J. M. , Teuwen Dirk E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of lifetime epilepsy varies widely between subregions and is higher in rural compared to urban regions. Observed versus expected numbers of patients with epilepsy (PwE) in the northern province of Rwanda did not match the prevalence of 49‰ reported in 2005 in Rwanda. We report a confirmatory prevalence study focused on gender‐specific observations.MethodsA cross‐sectional door‐to‐door approach was used in three rural villages. First, epilepsy screening using the Kinyarwanda version of the Limoges questionnaire was performed. Second, confirmation of epilepsy diagnosis was completed by trained physicians.ResultsIn total, 2681 persons (56.14% female) were screened. Of 168 positively screened, 128 persons were diagnosed with epilepsy confirming the prevalence of lifetime epilepsy of 47.7‰ (CI 39.8–56.8). The diagnosis gap was 62.5% with 80 newly diagnosed. The overall female:male ratio was 1.61:1.00. A male preponderance below 9 years of age inverted to a female preponderance above 20 years of age. Female PwE had an older age at first seizure, reported different reasons for not seeking care, and differed from male PwE in possible etiology. For previously diagnosed PwE, the treatment gap was more than 77%.ConclusionA high prevalence in rural areas was confirmed, with an observed female/male ratio among the highest of published door‐to‐door surveys in SSA. Gender differences in associated co‐morbidities and age at first seizure warrant future research of underlying etiologies and possible survival bias. A better understanding and focus on gender‐associated care‐seeking patterns, education, and specific needs are recommended.
Selfish parents, parenting practices, and psychopathic traits in children
Authors: Gao Yu , Huang Yonglin , Li Xiaobo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParental personality and parenting behavior have been associated with the development of psychopathic traits in offspring. However, no study has examined the effect of parental dispositional selfishness on the development of psychopathic traits in offspring, and the potential mechanism underlying this relationship. To address this issue, parents' reports on their dispositional selfishness, negative and positive parenting behavior, and child's psychopathic traits were collected for a group of children from the community (n = 118, 47% male, mean age = 14.1 years). Results showed that parental selfishness was associated with grandiose‐manipulative (GM), daring‐impulsive (DI), and callous‐unemotional (CU) traits in children. In addition, the egocentric selfishness‐GM relationship was indirectly mediated by parenting behavior including lack of involvement, poor monitoring, and inconsistent discipline, whereas the association with CU traits was directly mediated by lack of involvement. These effects remained significant after controlling for child's sex, age, race, social adversity, and a prior measure of psychopathic traits. Findings provide initial empirical evidence on the effect of parental selfishness on a child's psychopathic traits, and further support to the proposition that distinct etiology may underlie different dimensions of psychopathic traits.