bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some questions about the state of the eye surface in patients before cataract surgery
Authors: Lutsenko N. S. , Isakova O. A. , Rudycheva O. A. , Kyrilova T. S. , Mihalchik T. S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Ocular surface status is a main risk factor for the development of postoperative complications and lead to the decrease of life quality.
Purpose of the study.The condition of the surface of the eye in patients before cataract surgery was study.
Material and methods. 320 patients preoperative the cataract surgery were investigated, among them 172 patients were female, 148 – were male. Patients with any previous ocular surgery or concomitant ocular diseases were excluded. The structure of common non-ocular comorbidities, subjective signs of ocular surface damage (redness, foreign body sensation, dryness, burning) and objective symptoms (tear break up time, cornea fluorescein staining) were carried out. Patients with asymptomatic forms of cornea staining were identified.
Results. It was found that 100 patients (31,2%) had subjective signs (specific complains) of ocular surface damage and 135 patients (35,5%) had positive corneal staining. Specific complains and obvious ocular surface damage were revealed in 17,7% and latent ocular surface damage – in 16,9% of patients. Thus 49% of patients had asymptomatic form of ocular surface damage. In the group of patients with diabetes mellitus healthy ocular surface was observed only in 35,6% cases, asymptomatic form of ocular surface damage consisted 72,9% and obvious damage – 16,9% among all patients.
Conclusion. Ocular surface dysfunction is common among patients before cataract surgery, especially in diabetes mellitus. Clinicians should be aware of this high prevalence and consider ocular surface screening before cataract surgery.
Comparative Analysis of Acid-base Status Parameters in Newborn with Congenital Surgical Malformations During Perioperative Care Based on Types of Anesthesia
Authors: Vlasov Oleksii 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) are most common in newborns and infants in the first year of life and require surgical correction in the first hours, days, months of life. Surgical interventions in severely ill babies with malformations can lead to catabolic stress, circulatory and respiratory disorders, metabolism shifts, water-electrolyte, protein, and acid-base status disorders.
This study aimed to compare acid-base status in newborns and infants with congenital surgical pathology under different types of combined anesthesia.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 150 newborns and infants with CM who required surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on types of provided anesthesia: inhalation by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (group I); inhalation of Sevoran and intravenous anesthesia by Fentanyl (group II); and intravenous combination of Fentanyl and 20% Sodium Oxybutyrate (group III). The analysis included: acid-base status, peripheral oximetry, and the need for an oxygen mixture inhaled by the patient.
Results In group I, there was a significant reduction in partial tension of CO2 and increased pH from the pre-surgical status, at the time of induction of anesthesia, during the most painful, traumatic stage, and after surgery compared to group II and III. Peripheral O2 saturation was not critically reduced at all stages of observation except in babies of group I compared to group III at the stage of induction of anesthesia (97.79 ± 2.45 vs. 98.79 ± 1.63, p = 0.0194) and at the most painful period of surgery (96.29 ± 3.47 vs. 98.10 ± 2.47, p = 0.0368). In group I, newborns and infants required higher oxygen concentrations in the inhalation mixture. There was a significant difference in FiO2 between groups I and III during the most painful stage of surgery (0.47 ± 0.29 and 0.33 ± 0.2, p = 0.0071), and immediately after surgery (0.34 ± 0, 19 and 0.26 ± 0.13, p = 0.0246).
Conclusion: Among the newborns and infants with CM requiring surgical intervention and combined anesthesia, the most substantial acid-base status changes were observed in the group where anesthesia was provided by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (Group I).
Ragam Media Tanam dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di Pembibitan Awal
Authors: Safi’i Safi’i , Berliana Yunida , Zulkifli Tengku Boumedine Hamid 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan ragam media tanam dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di pembibitan awal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial terdiri dari dua factor yaitu : faktor pertama: pemberian ragam media tanam 3 taraf: M0 = topsoil 100%, M1= pupuk kandang ayam 30% + abu sekam padi 30% + topsoil 40%, M2= kompos 30% + abu sekam padi 30% + topsoil 40%. Faktor kedua: pemberian POC 4 taraf: P0= tanpa POC, P1 = POC 10 ml/ l air, P2= POC 20 ml/l air, P3 = POC 30 ml/l air. Interaksi ragam media tanam dan POC terhadap pertumbuhan vegetative tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di pembibitan awal berpengaruh tidak nyata pada parameter pengamatan yakni tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap luas daun.
Efektifitas Pemberian Kapur Pertanian dan Komposisi Berbagai Media Tanam Bahan Organik Padat pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di Pembibitan Awal
Authors: Panjaitan Elkawaril Ramadhanul , Zulkifli Tengku Boumedine Hamid , Putra Irwan Agusnu 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektifitas pemberian kapur pertanian (KapTan) dan komposisi berbagai media tanam bahan organik padat pada pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di pembibitan awal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor. faktor pertama yaitu pemberian pupuk kalsium dengan 3 taraf: P0= tanpa pupuk kalsium, P1= pupuk kalsium 2 ton/ha (10 g/polybag), P2= pupuk kalsium 4 ton/ha (20 g/polybag). Faktor kedua yaitu media tanam dengan 4 taraf: M0= topsoil, M1= topsoil + kompos kandang sapi (1:1) M2= topsoil + sludge padat (1:1) dan M3= topsoil + kompos TKKS (1:1). Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa interaksi pupuk kalsium dan ragam media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan vegetative bibit tanaman kelapa sawit belum dapat memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada tinggi tanaman, luas daun, volume akar, bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, bobot basah akar tanaman, bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit di pembibitan awal. Media tanam yang terbaik adalah Media tanam top soil dengan kompos kandang sapi dan Media tanam topsoil dengan kompos TKKS serta perlakuan yang terbaik pada perlakuan M1P1.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Tahu dan Pupuk NPKMg terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Ginting Boy Patianta , Wahyudi Erfan , Zulkifli Tengku Boumedine Hamid 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan limbah cair tahu dan pupuk NPKMg terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di pembibitan awal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Karang Rejo Kecamatan Medan Polonia, Medan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni sampai September 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama: pemberian pupuk NPKMg dengan 3 taraf : P0= tanpa pupuk NPKMg, P1= pupuk NPKMg 2 g/polibag, P2= pupuk NPKMg 4 g/polibag, P3= pupuk NPKMg 6 g/polibag. Faktor kedua: pemberian limbah cair tahu 4 taraf: L0= tanpa limbah cair tahu, L1= limbah cair tahu 80 ml/polibag, L2= limbah cair tahu 160 ml/polibag, L3= limbah cair tahu 240 ml/polibag. Peubah yang diamati: tinggi tanaman (cm), luas daun (cm2), berat basah tanaman (g), berat kering tanaman (g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pupuk NPKMg menunjukkan berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman, luas daun, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Pemberian limbah cair tahu dan interaksinya berpengaruh tidak nyata pada semua peubah amatan dalam penelitian ini.
Response of Soil and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Application of Several Local Microorganism and Manures
Authors: Pujiastuti Elisabeth Sri , Siahaan Ferlist Rio , Tampubolon Yanto Raya , Tarigan Juli Ritha , Sumihar Susana Tabah Trina 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: This research was conducted to determine the effect of several types of local microorganism solutions and manures on the growth and yield of peanut and their impact on the physical properties of ultisols.
Materials and Methods: The researches was conducted in Simalingkar B, Medan using Factorial Randomized Block Design within three replications. The first factor was types of microbe sources of local microbial solutions, include un-treated waste (M0), pineapple (M1), orange (M2), and tamarillo (M3) wastes. The second factor was manure types, inluce un-treated manure (P0), chicken (P1), cow (P2), and goat (P3) manures. The parameters were: soil physical characteristics (bulk density, water content and total of pore space), plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, and dry seeds yield.
Results: The types of local microorganism solutions only affect to plant height of peanut, but has insignificant effect on the physical properties of ultisols, and stem diameter, the number of filled pods.plant-1, and the dry seeds yield.ha-1 of peanut. The types of manure had significantly effected on plant height and number of filled pods.plant-1, but had insignificant effect on stem diameter, dry seeds yield.ha-1 and the physical properties of ultisols. The interaction of MOL sources and manure did not significantly affect the growth and yield of peanut as well as the physical properties of ultisols. Orange MOL and chicken manure could be increase the plant height of peanut by 18.61% and 6.75%, respectively, compared to un-treated. Goat manure showed the highest number of pods.plant-1 by 6.32% compared to un-treated.
Ecology of Forest Ecosytem: Inventory of Macroscopic Mushrooms in Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Barisan Area, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Hasibuan Zul Ilmi , Manalu Kartika , Tambunan Efrida Pima Sari 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The research was aimed to identify the types of macroscopic mushrooms and habit characteristics of macroscopic mushrooms in Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Barisan Karo Regency North Sumatra.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Barisan, Karo Regency, North Sumatra from August until October 2019. The research method used in sampling was the Exploration Method.
Results: showed 23 species of macroscopic mushrooms. The highest family is Ganodermatacea with 4 species and the lowest family is Strophariaceae, Hydnangiaceae, Mycenaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Crepidateceae, Agariceae, Inocybaceae, Russulaceae, Streaceae, and Tricholomateceae with 1 species. Habitat characteristics that are mostly found in weathered wood are found in 13 types of fungi, and at least found in live wood, only 1 species of macroscopic fungi are found.
Dengue Vaccine Controversy Awareness, Vaccine Health Literacy, and Vaccine Acceptability among Mothers in Select Rural Communities
Authors: Sumile Earl Francis , Diric John Howell , Dorado Zariah Monica , Dumaua Kate , Ecura Monica Julia Ryven , Dumaya Jose Maria 
Published: February 2021

Background: Immunization is a vital public health service that reduces transmission of communicable diseases among population groups. In the Philippines, reports of adverse reaction from the dengue vaccine raised doubts about its safety and efficacy. This in turn can bring about a decline in vaccine acceptability among mothers and later on result to reduced vaccine coverage in the country.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional correlational design were used to explicate the influence of dengue vaccine controversy awareness and vaccine health literacy on vaccine acceptability among mothers. Data were collected among 200 mothers from August – November 2018 in rural communities of Bulacan. Stepwise forward and backward multiple linear regression were done to determine the relationships between the variables of interest.
Results: Majority of the mothers who participated belong to 26-35 year old age bracket and received basic education. Mothers’ functional health literacy (B=0.189, p=0.006) and critical health literacy (B=0.247, p=0.000) revealed a significant relationship to vaccine acceptability. However, the communicative health literacy (B=0.008, p=0.917) showed no significant relationship to vaccine acceptability. Moreover, the dengue vaccine controversy awareness (B=0.057, p=0.415) had no significant relationships to the mothers’ vaccine acceptability.
Conclusion: Health literacy favorably influences vaccine acceptability. Likewise, awareness of controversies surrounding dengue vaccination is not a deterrent to the decision of mothers to continue submitting their children to immunization. Hence, nurses should invest more in educational interventions to promote compliance of communities to the national immunization program and engage stakeholders to support its implementation.
Healthcare Workers Attitude and Stigma among People living withHIV/AIDS (PLHA): A Literature Review
Authors: De los Santos Janet Alexis 
Published: February 2021

Background: The concept of stigma and discrimination discussed in literature illuminate patient's experiences in the hands of health care providers. The review aims to assess the existing literature published in internet databases focusing on the personal perception of stigma and discrimination of health care workers as well as the patient's perception of their attitudes that may be stigmatizing and discriminatory.
Methodology: A web-based search was done in the three (3) databases including EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search utilized five keywords: 'Stigma'; 'Discrimination', 'Perception', HIV/AIDS,' and 'Nurses.' Inclusion criteria includes full-text, peer-reviewed, academic journal in the English language, and published between the years 2013-2018. The studies were screened according to their relevance to the objectives of the study. The quantitative and qualitative checklist of the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers and Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction protocols were utilized by two interrater in the analysis of the literature. The extracted data were synthesized using a table highlighting the key findings of the studies.
Results: A total of fourteen (14) titles were included in the review after evaluating its relevance to the objective and appraising its high quality. Content analysis was done and resulted in the formulation of four themes which include: (1) General Characteristics of the Literature (2) HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination as perceived by health care providers; (3) Perception of health providers' attitude among HIV infected persons; and, (4) the consequences of HIV/AIDS stigma.
Conclusion: The issue of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination is a significant component that affects patient - care provider interaction. Health care providers understand the role they play in improving the lives of their PLHA patients. Likewise, patients perceive that stigma is existent and tangible in health care facilities. HIV/AIDS stigma is a barrier between the patient and the health care team and can lead to the detriment of the patient's health outcomes and satisfaction.
Covid-19 Küresel Salgınının Yaşlı Bireyler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Merve Ayşe 
Published: February 2021

Bulaşıcı hastalıkların ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde tüm insanlar fiziksel, sosyal, ruhsal, ekonomik ve kültürel olarak etkilenmektedir. Hastalığın tam olarak bilinememesi, tedavi ve bakım konusunda belirsizlikler yaşanması, durumu daha da ciddileştirmektedir. Yeni (Novel) COVID-19 virüsü, ilk kez Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılı Aralık ayında ortaya çıkmıştır. Çin’de başlayan bu salgın hızlıca birçok ülkeye yayılmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından da 11 Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir.
Yetişkin bireylerde gözlenen non-spesifik belirtiler ateş, öksürük, halsizlik gibi üst solunum yolu hastalıklarına ait belirtiler olup, tablo ağırlaştıkça pnömoni, ağır solunum yetmezliği tarzında bulgular gelişmektedir. Çocuklarda bulgular genellikle asemptomatik veya çok hafif düzeyde bir üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu şeklinde ortaya çıkmasına rağmen yetişkin ve özellikle de yaşlı bireylerde daha ağır bulgularla hastalık kendini göstermektedir. Çocuklarda pnömoni olgusu nadir görülürken yaşlılarda çoğunlukla rastlanan ve mortaliteye neden olan en önemli bir semptomdur.
Yaşın ilerlemesiyle ortaya çıkan fizyoljik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimler, yaşlının bir kronik hastalığının ya da komorbid hastalıklarının olması, çoklu ilaç kullanımı gibi durumlar, yaşlıları bu hastalığa daha yatkın hale getirmektedir. Görüldüğü gibi bu hastalığın yaşlılarda ağır semptomlara ve fataliteye neden olması gerekçesiyle yaşlılarda tedbirlerin daha dikkatli ve emin adımlarla alınması gerekmektedir. Hastalıktan korunmada el hijyeni, damlacık ve sosyal izolasyon önlemleri önemlidir. Bu önlemlerin dikkatli ve aksatılmadan uygulanmasının pandemiyi azaltacağı umulmaktadır. COVID-19 virüsünün yaşlı bireyleri daha çok etkilemesi ve yaşlılarda ölümle sonuçlanan bir virüs olması nedeniyle, bu süreçte yaşlı bireyler virüsle mücadele konusunda önemli bir konuma sahip hale gelmiştir.
Chemical Abundances in Sgr A East: Evidence for a Type Iax Supernova Remnant
Authors: Zhou Ping , Leung Shing-Chi , Li Zhiyuan , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Vink Jacco , Chen Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent observations have shown a remarkable diversity of observational behaviors and explosion mechanisms in thermonuclear supernovae (SNe). An emerging class of peculiar thermonuclear SNe, called Type Iax, show photometric and spectroscopic behaviors distinct from normal Type Ia. Their origin remains highly controversial, but pure turbulent deflagration of white dwarfs (WDs) has been regarded as the leading formation theory. The large population of Type Iax indicates the existence of unidentified Galactic Type Iax supernova remnants (SNRs). We report evidence that SNR Sgr A East in the Galactic center resulted from a pure turbulent deflagration of a Chandrasekhar-mass carbon–oxygen WD, an explosion mechanism used for Type Iax SNe. Our X-ray spectroscopic study of Sgr A East using 3 Ms of Chandra data shows a low ratio of intermediate-mass elements to Fe and large Mn/Fe and Ni/Fe ratios. This abundance pattern does not accord with the core-collapse or normal Type Ia models. Sgr A East is thus the first Galactic SNR for which a likely Type Iax origin has been proposed and is the nearest target for studying this peculiar class. We compared Sgr A East with the Fe-rich SNRs 3C 397 and W49B, which also have high Mn and Cr abundances and were claimed to result from deflagration-to-detonation explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass WDs (although with disputes). Our study shows that they have distinct abundance patterns. The X-ray spectroscopic studies of thermonuclear SNRs provide observational evidence for the theories that there are diverse explosion channels and various metal outputs for Chandrasekhar-mass WDs.
The Dynamics of a High Mach Number Quasi-perpendicular Shock: MMS Observations
Authors: Madanian H. , Desai M. I. , Schwartz S. J. , Wilson L. B. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. , Contel O. Le , Turner D. L. , Ogasawara K. , Brosius A. L. , Russell C. T. , Ergun R. E. , Ahmadi N. , Gershman D. J. , Lindqvist P.-A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shock parameters at Earth’s bow shock in rare instances can approach the Mach numbers predicted at supernova remnants. We present our analysis of a high Alfvén Mach number (M
A = 27) shock utilizing multipoint measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft during a crossing of Earth’s quasi-perpendicular bow shock. We find that the shock dynamics are mostly driven by reflected ions, perturbations that they generate, and nonlinear amplification of the perturbations. Our analyses show that reflected ions create modest magnetic enhancements upstream of the shock, which evolve in a nonlinear manner as they traverse the shock foot. They can transform into proto-shocks that propagate at small angles to the magnetic field and toward the bow shock. The nonstationary bow shock shows signatures of both reformation and surface ripples. Our observations indicate that although shock reformation occurs, the main shock layer never disappears. These observations are at high plasma β, a parameter regime that has not been well explored by numerical models.
Analysis of the Unconcentrated Background of the EPIC pn Camera on Board XMM-Newton
Authors: Marelli Martino , Molendi Silvano , Rossetti Mariachiara , Gastaldello Fabio , Salvetti David , De Luca Andrea , Bartalucci Iacopo , Kühl Patrick , Esposito Paolo , Ghizzardi Simona , Tiengo Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Our understanding of the background of the EPIC/pn camera on board XMM-Newton is incomplete. This affects the study of extended sources and can influence the predictions of the expected background of future X-ray missions, such as the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA). Here we provide new results based on the analysis of the largest data set ever used. We focus on the unconcentrated component of the EPIC/pn background, supposedly related to cosmic rays interacting with detector and telescope structures. We show that the so-called out field-of-view region of the pn detector is actually exposed to the sky. After carefully cleaning from the sky contamination, the unconcentrated background measured in the out field-of-view region does not show significant spatial variations, and its time behavior is anticorrelated with the solar cycle. We find a very tight linear correlation between unconcentrated backgrounds detected in the EPIC/pn and EPIC/MOS2 cameras. This relationship permits the correct evaluation of the pn unconcentrated background of each exposure on the basis of MOS2 data, avoiding the use of the contaminated out field-of-view region of the pn, as done in standard techniques. We find a tight linear correlation between the pn unconcentrated background and the proton flux in the 630–970 MeV energy band, as measured by the EPHIN instrument on board SOHO. Through this relationship, we quantify the contribution of cosmic-ray interaction to the pn unconcentrated background. This reveals a second source that contributes to the pn unconcentrated background for a significant fraction (30%–70%). This agent does not depend on the solar cycle or vary with time and is roughly isotropic. After having ruled out several candidates, we find that the hard X-ray photons of the cosmic X-ray background satisfy all known properties of the constant component. Our findings provide an important observational confirmation of simulation results on ATHENA and suggest that a high-energy particle monitor could contribute decisively to the reproducibility of the background for both experiments on ATHENA.