bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Return to Work After Stroke Internationally: A Scoping Review
Authors: Green Theresa L. , McGovern Hugh , Hinkle Janice L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Internationally, the changing landscape of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up post stroke is resulting in a concomitant rise in the number of survivors still in the workforce. Return to work (RTW) is a common goal for adults after stroke; however, poststroke disabilities may limit occupational opportunities. This scoping review was undertaken to gain an understanding of the concept of RTW, how it is defined in the literature, types of research conducted on RTW after stroke, and characteristics of patients who do and do not RTW. We also wanted to gain an understanding of the interventions that were successful for RTW, their efficacy, and which healthcare professionals conducted such interventions. METHODS: Two authors reviewed articles using a customized data extraction tool. Adhering to current scoping review guidelines, data were collated and described using narrative and tables. RESULTS: A total of 48 studies were included in this scoping review: 34 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 3 mixed method studies. The studies were conducted between the years 1998 and 2018, with more than half undertaken within the past decade and primarily in economically developed countries. DISCUSSION: Few interventions specifically targeted RTW as a primary outcome; most interventions were conducted by rehabilitation professionals with RTW measured by self-report. The nursing contribution was noticeably absent in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Return to work has not been consistently operationalized in the literature. Although nurses are in a unique position to assist stroke survivors in their goal of RTW, how to do so remains elusive.
The Current Status of the Administrative Dispositions of Nurses: A Nationwide Survey in South Korea
Authors: KIM Suyoung , KIM Sanghee 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
In South Korea, the professional role of nurse has been redefined from “assistant to” to “partner of” doctors as part of an overall national health promotion strategy.

Purpose
This descriptive survey was designed to describe the current status of administrative dispositions related to nurses in South Korea.

Methods
Data were collected between January 2014 and December 2018. The raw data were obtained from 3,553 public health centers nationwide after a request for the disclosure of information related to the administrative disposition of nurses in each city and province. The data included details on administrative dispositions, laws related to administrative dispositions, violations, and standards for administrative dispositions.

Results
Most of the nurses affected by administrative dispositions worked for primary and secondary healthcare providers. The most common type of administrative disposition was license suspension (n = 66, 80.5%), and most violations for administrative disposition involved unlicensed medical practice (n = 38, 46.3%). Nurses who had more-specific standards provided as evidence of the disposition faced longer periods of license suspension (p = .035).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
Nurses should avoid providing nursing care to patients that is not in compliance with medical laws because the administrative action may vary depending on the violation and the severity of their legal infractions. This study was the first to examine administrative actions specifically affecting nurses in South Korea. The administrative actions of medical personnel were found to depend on the number and degree of violations. Nurses must understand the details of nurse-related administrative dispositions to avoid violating medical laws.
The Effect of Introduction of Motorized Stretchers on Hospital-Based Patient Transporter Injuries and Resultant Workers’ Compensation Costs
Authors: Mansfield Blythe , Shofer Frances S. , Green-McKenzie Judith 
Published: July 2021

Manual stretchers cause more injuries than hydraulic stretchers in workers who transport patients.

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of introducing motorized stretchers on transporter injuries and resultant workers’ compensation costs.

Methods:
The number of transporters who sustained injuries related to stretcher manipulation, and associated workers’ compensation costs, before and after the introduction of motorized stretchers, was determined. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to examine costs and lost and restricted workdays.

Results:
The number of injuries and restricted work days decreased after motorized stretchers were introduced. Transporters incurred less lost work days (median 24.5 vs 7 days, P = 0.050).

Conclusions:
Motorized stretchers were associated with decreased injuries and lost work days.
Outcomes of HRSA-Funded Expansion of Physician Assistant Training Grants 2011–2016
Authors: Rolls Joanne , Lessard Donovan , Smith Tyler , Keahey David 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), enacted in 2010, created the Expansion of Physician Assistant Training (EPAT) grant with the goal of increasing the number of physician assistants (PAs) entering primary care. There has been no analysis regarding the practice patterns of students graduating from EPAT-funded programs. This study aimed to describe the workforce impact of federal investment in PA education through the EPAT program.

Methods
In 2018 the authors administered an anonymous electronic survey to all 27 EPAT PA programs funded from 2010 to 2015. The goal was to assess program and graduate characteristics, practice patterns, and intention to apply to similar future opportunities. The survey was IRB exempt.

Results
There was a 59.30% response rate representing 366 total graduates, which reflected 62.46% of the 586 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)-reported total EPAT-funded students. Of the respondents, 16.41% of EPAT recipients self-identified as non-White, 4.54% indicated Hispanic ethnicity, 53.65% identified as being of disadvantaged status, and 32.92% reported coming from rural backgrounds. Sixty-three percent entered primary care immediately following graduation, while 87.88% reported practicing primary care immediately after graduation or at the last point of contact. Fifty-two percent of EPAT graduates practiced in medically underserved areas (MUAs).

Conclusion
Recipients of HRSA EPAT funding practiced in primary care specialties immediately following graduation at a rate that was 2.5 times higher than the national PA average. This specialty choice was durable for several years post-graduation. The EPAT program funded over 140 PA graduates who immediately practiced in MUAs. This funding supported a more racially and ethnically diverse student population and higher number of students coming from rural areas than the national average for PA students.
Survival benefit of endocrine dysfunction following immune checkpoint inhibitors for nonthyroidal cancers
Authors: Kotwal Anupam , Ryder Mabel 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Our goal is to review pertinent data evaluating the association between immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced endocrine dysfunction and survival in cancer patients as well as to understand the potential molecular links between these.

Recent findings
ICIs have revolutionized cancer therapy but have also led to multiple immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Studies have demonstrated a link between the development of irAEs and improved survival, suggesting that ICI-induced antitumor immunity and autoimmunity are coupled. Thyroid irAEs are most frequently and strongly associated with improved survival, particularly in the context of overt thyroid dysfunction. Other endocrine irAEs, such as hypophysitis and diabetes are quite rare wherein the treatment approach or the disease process itself may mitigate improvement in survival. Preclinical and translational data indicate a role for CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells and/or cytokines mediating irAEs, including thyroiditis.

Summary
The development of irAEs is associated with improved tumor responses and survival in cancer patients. Thyroid irAEs, alone or in combination with other irAEs, are most strongly associated with improved outcomes. Biomarkers of response to ICIs are lacking, despite well-characterized pathologic and genomic susceptibilities predicting ICI efficacy. Early detection of thyroid irAEs may identify patients most likely to have durable antitumor response to ICIs. Although irAEs and antitumor immunity appear ‘coupled’, translational studies indicate the potential for their ‘uncoupling’, which could enable antitumor efficacy with greater safety margins.
Objective Vision-related Indications for Clear and Tinted Football Helmet Visors
Authors: Weise Katherine K. , Swanson Mark W. , Galt Sarah J. , Springer Daniel B. , Crosson Jason N. , DeCarlo Dawn K. , Hale Matthew Heath , Nicholson Joshua Ryne , Robinson James B. 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Football helmet visors are popular among players and may increase safety. However, they may also be costly or impractical, or impair the evaluation of head and neck injury. Determining an objective list of vision-related clinical conditions may help meet risk-benefit ratios while increasing access to care to athletes with special needs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine an objective list of vision-related conditions that may benefit from clear and tinted football helmet visor use in athletes.

METHODS
After comprehensive dilated eye examinations on 58 Division I collegiate football players at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between February 2017 and June 2018, an expert panel in vision care, sports medicine, and football equipment convened to determine vision-related conditions most important for clear or tinted football helmet visor use.

RESULTS
In August 2018, the list drafted by the expert vision and sports medical panel in which a clear football helmet visor might be justified included conditions associated with retinal detachment and unilateral or binocular vision loss as well as high refractive error, refractive surgery, corneal compromise, and other conditions, which would necessitate additional eye protection. Of the 58 players examined, 3 (5%) were determined to have eye conditions that would require a clear visor as deemed by the expert panel, and 3 (5%) were determined to have eye conditions for which a clear visor was recommended. No players met indications for a tinted visor including congenital eye conditions that limit useful vision in daylight or bright-light environments, acquired conditions that may increase light sensitivity, and light-induced systemic conditions.

CONCLUSIONS
This objective list of eye and vision-related systemic conditions is intended to mitigate the risk of long-term eye damage and/or vision deprivation. Clear and especially tinted football helmet visors require the sports medicine team to evaluate factors that will maximize the vision, head, and neck health of the athlete while increasing accessibility to sports for individuals with unique abilities.
The Association between Baseline Eye Tracking Performance and Concussion Assessments in High School Football Players
Authors: Oldham Jessie R. , Master Christina L. , Walker Gregory A. , Meehan William P. , Howell David R. 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Concussions are complex injuries that require a multifaceted testing battery. Vision impairments are common after concussion, but it is unknown exactly how eye tracking may be affected after injury and how it is associated with other clinical concussion assessments.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to (1) examine the relationship between eye tracking performance (BOX score) and other common concussion evaluations, (2) identify if eye tracking adds novel information that augments baseline concussion evaluations, and (3) examine the effect of age, concussion history, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on eye tracking and other ophthalmological measures.

METHODS
A total of 102 male high school football athletes (age, 16.0 years; 95% confidence interval, 15.8 to 16.2 years) completed a series of visual and neurocognitive tests during their pre-season baseline assessment. The main outcome measures were BOX score, near point of convergence (NPC) distance, binocular accommodative amplitude (BAA) distance, Standardized Assessment of Concussion score, and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing composite scores.

RESULTS
BOX score was not significantly associated with symptoms, Standardized Assessment of Concussion score, NPC distance, BAA distance, or any Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing composite scores. Age, concussion history, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and number of prior years playing football were not significantly associated with BOX score or NPC distance, but there was a significant association between concussion history and greater BAA distance (β = 1.60; 95% confidence interval = 0.19 to 3.01; P < .03). The BOX score cutoff of 10 resulted in a 12% false-positive rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Eye tracking was not significantly associated with the commonly used clinical concussion assessments. These results suggest that an objective eye tracking variable may be a valuable addition to the current concussion battery.
The Caucasian Hump: Radiologic Study of the Osteocartilaginous Vault versus Surface Anatomy. Clinical Implications in Structured and Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Rodrigues Dias David , Cardoso Luis , Santos Mariline , Sousa e Castro Sandra , Almeida e Sousa Cecília , Gonçalves Ferreira Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The relation between the osteocartilaginous nasal vault and nasal hump characteristics has not been fully investigated.

Methods:
Measurements were collected from computed tomographic nasal scans in the midsagittal plane in adult Caucasian patients seeking rhinoplasty because of nasal hump from January of 2015 to December of 2018. Measurements were compared to those of sex- and age-matched patients not seeking rhinoplasty (control group). Patients with other significant nasal deformities were excluded. The correlations between nasal hump length, height, and osteocartilaginous nasal vault measurements were assessed. Distances from the beginning of the nasal hump to the kyphion and ethmoidal points were measured as well. The location of the nasal hump apex in relation to the keystone area structures was detailed.

Results:
The study included 134 Caucasian patients, with 67 presenting nasal hump. The mean patient age was 32.9 years and 69.6 percent were female patients. Nasal hump measured a mean 17 ± 2.7 mm in length and 1.8 mm (range, 1.1 to 3.8 mm) in height. Nasal hump length correlated with nose length and nasal bone length. Nasal hump height correlated with nose length and the angle over the kyphion. In 97 percent of patients, the nasal hump began caudal to the ethmoidal point, and in all patients, the kyphion was underneath the nasal hump. The nasal hump is not a symmetric structure and, in all patients, its apex was situated above the septal cartilage.

Conclusions:
The nasal hump characteristics are mainly attributable to the septal cartilage, and this should be the cornerstone of any dorsal hump reduction strategy. The caudal aspect of the nasal bones contributes to the nasal hump, whereas the posterior ethmoidal plate rarely does.
A newly designed shoulder orthosis for patients with glenohumeral subluxation: a clinical evaluation study
Authors: Verloop Willemijn R.G. , Haarman Claudia J.W. , van Vliet Reinout O. , de Koning John L. , Rietman Johan S. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Shoulder complaints from glenohumeral subluxation are a common problem and limit patients during daily activities.

Objective:
To assess the clinical pros and cons and usability of a newly developed shoulder orthosis (Roessingh Omo Support [ROS]) in patients with chronic shoulder complaints.

Study design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
All patients older than 18 years who received the ROS were invited. Medical information was collected from medical records. Two questionnaires were sent to the patient: The “Shoulder Rating Questionnaire” (SRQ, max 100 points) for evaluation before and during use and a custom orthosis usability questionnaire.

Results:
In total, 28 patients (34 orthoses) participated in the study. Neuralgic amyotrophy was the most common diagnosis (64.3%). The SRQ showed a significant positive change of 8.9 points (from 35.0 [SD 12.6] to 43.9 [SD 14.3]). The most described goal was pain reduction (76.5%). 47.1% of the patients achieved their goal(s), and 71.4% were still using the orthosis. The mean satisfaction rate was 7.1 (SD 1.4).

Conclusion:
The use of the ROS shows a significant functional improvement (SRQ), a decrease of pain, and a high degree of satisfaction, although the individual experiences of the patients are highly variable. Some modifications to the design to improve comfort may be needed.
The impact of alteration in gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jacob Jake S. , Ahmed Aijaz , Cholankeril George 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
We have increasing evidence that alterations of the intestinal microbiome have a strong influence on human health. Previous work has demonstrated the association between changes in the microbiome and metabolic risk factors. One related area of interest is the relationship between dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the global prevalence of NAFLD, and its resultant complications, increases.

Recent findings
In this review, we summarize the hypothesized pathophysiology of dysbiosis-mediated progression of NAFLD, including promotion of an inflammatory intestinal environment, increased intestinal permeability, endogenous ethanol production, short-chain fatty acid production, secondary bile acid metabolism, and choline depletion. We also review potential therapeutic interventions of the microbiome to slow or prevent NAFLD progression, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, and farnesoid × receptor agonism.

Summary
Much of the evidence supporting dysbiosis-mediated NAFLD progression has been gathered in high-quality animal trials. There remains a need for additional observational and randomized controlled trials in humans to establish causality between the suspected factors and pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Scan Time Reduction in Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging of the Abdominal Organs: Using a Simultaneous Multislice Technique With Different Acceleration Factors
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Nan , Yang Da-Wei , Ren Ahong , Ren Hao , Zhang Qian , Zhu Jin-Xia , Li Gui-Jin , Yang Zheng-Han 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To investigate the feasibility of quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) analyses in the upper abdominal organs by simultaneous multislice diffusion-weighted imaging (SMS-DWI).

Subjects and Methods
In this prospective study, a total of 32 participants underwent conventional DWI (C-DWI) and SMS-DWI sequences with acceleration factors of 2 and 3 (SMS2-DWI and SMS3-DWI, respectively) in the upper abdomen with multiple b-values (0, 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, and 2000 seconds/mm2) on a 3 T system (MAGNETOM Prisma; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Image quality and quantitatively measurements of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), mean kurtosis (MK), and mean apparent diffusivity (MD) for the liver, pancreas, kidney cortex and medulla, spleen, and erector spine muscle were compared between the 3 sequences.

Results
The acquisition times for C-DWI, SMS2-DWI, and SMS3-DWI were 10 minutes 57 seconds, 5 minutes 9 seconds, and 3 minutes 54 seconds. For image quality parameters, C-DWI and SMS2-DWI yielded better results than SMS3-DWI (P < 0.05). SMS2-DWI had equivalent IVIM and DKI parameters compared with that of C-DWI (P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the ADC, D, f, and MD values between the 3 sequences (P > 0.05) were observed. The D* and MK values of the liver (P = 0.005 and P = 0.012) and pancreas (P = 0.019) between SMS3-DWI and C-DWI were significantly different.

Conclusions
SMS2-DWI can substantially reduce the scan time while maintaining equivalent IVIM and DKI parameters in the abdominal organs compared with C-DWI.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Pituitary Carcinoma
Authors: Kaya Gursan , Soydas Turan Basak , Dagdelen Selcuk , Berker Mustafa , Tuncel Murat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 47-year-old woman with atypical pituitary adenoma was referred to the neurosurgery department due to recent back pain. She had multiple transsphenoidal surgery, stereotactic body radiation, and 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Her spinal MRI showed multiple spinal masses. The patient underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT to confirm the metastatic spread of the disease. PET/CT images showed increased uptake at the local recurrent tumor site and spinal metastases confirmed by biopsy to pituitary carcinoma. Our case presents the role of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in patients with pituitary carcinoma.
Techniques and Trends of Facial Feminization Surgery
Authors: Siringo Nicolette V. , Berman Zoe P. , Boczar Daniel , Chaya Bachar F. , Diep Gustave K. , Trilles Jorge , Mazzei Sara , Rodriguez Colon Ricardo , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Facial feminization surgery is composed of a variety of craniomaxillofacial surgical procedures that are increasingly sought after by male-to-female transgender patients and by those seeking feminization of the face. Facial feminization surgery can play a prominent role in alleviating gender dysphoria. In consideration of an observed increase in gender-affirming procedures performed in recent years, a broad knowledge base in the techniques, outcomes, and challenges of facial feminization surgery should be established by surgeons offering these procedures. Our review was designed to critically appraise the current literature and inform future advancements in gender-affirming surgical practice. In addition, we detail a representative case to illustrate the senior author's approach to full facial feminization.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted for studies published through June 2020 using following the search terms: “Face” OR “facial” OR “craniofacial” AND “Feminization” OR “Feminization Surgery” OR “Gender Reassignment” OR “Gender Affirming Surgery” OR “Gender Confirmation Surgery.” Data on procedures, outcomes, patient age, follow-up time, complications, and patient satisfaction were collected. The data were categorized by facial thirds and then further stratified by facial feature.

Results
Our search yielded 388 articles. Thirty articles fit our inclusion criteria, and of these, 23 articles were included in the review. We extracted primary data pertaining to 3554 patients with an age range of 18 to 73 who underwent 8506 total procedures. Most of the procedures addressed the upper facial third (hairline, forehead, and brow), comprising 49.1% of total procedures performed. Further categorization by facial feature revealed that the most commonly addressed feature was the forehead (34.6% of procedures), followed by the nose (12.8%) and the chin (12.2%). In studies that used quantitative measures to gauge patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction was high.

Conclusions
Facial feminization surgery seems to be safe, whether it is conducted in a single stage or as a staged procedure. Patients report high satisfaction and better gender congruency after facial feminization procedures. Further research is needed to establish best surgical practice and gauge patient satisfaction beyond the length of average follow-up and determine the frequency with which adjunctive procedures are sought out.