bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C2HEST score for atrial fibrillation risk prediction models: a Diagnostic Accuracy Tests meta-analysis
Authors: Haybar Habib , Shirbandi Kimia , Rahim Fakher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to assess the value of the C2HEST score to facilitate population screening and detection of AF risk in millions of populations and validate risk scores and their composition and discriminatory power for identifying people at high or low risk of AF. We searched major indexing databases, including Pubmed/Medline, ISI web of science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane central, using (“C2HEST” OR “risk scoring system” OR “risk score”) AND (“atrial fibrillation (AF)” OR “atrial flutter” OR “tachycardia, supraventricular” OR “heart atrium flutter”) without any language, study region or study type restrictions between 1990 and 2021 years. Analyses were done using Meta-DiSc. The title and abstract screening were conducted by two independent investigators.ResultsTotally 679 records were found through the initial search, of which ultimately, nine articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The risk of AF accompanied every one-point increase of C2HEST score (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05,p < 0.00001), with a high heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 100%). The SROC for C2HEST score in the prediction of AF showed that the overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.96), AUC in Asian population was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78–0.95) versus non-Asian 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.99), and in general population was 0.92 (95% CI 0.85–0.99) versus those with chronic conditions 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.95), respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this research support the idea that this quick score has the opportunity for use as a risk assessment in patients' AF screening strategies.
DoE approach for development of localized controlled release microspheres of Vancomycin for treatment of septic arthritis
Authors: Sunanda Laxmi P. , Vidyavathi M. , Venkata Suresh Kumar Rayadurgam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Septic arthritis is a worse condition of RA that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Septic arthritis develops due to direct introduction or invasion of pathogens. The objective of the present study was to formulate Vancomycin hydrochloride-loaded microspheres (VMS) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) and evaluate its efficacy against septic arthritis. The intraarticular administration of optimized Vancomycin hydrochloride-loaded microspheres (OVMS) can reduce dose size, dosing frequency and systemic exposure with local targeted delivery.

Results
OVMS was further characterized for its drug–polymer compatibility using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined using the cup–plate method and in vivo anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated by gross examination of septic arthritis. DSC and FTIR studies exhibited no interaction or incompatibilities between the drug and polymer. SEM images revealed that OVMS were spherical. It followed the first-order release rate according to Fick's law. The micromeritic properties indicated good flow property of OVMS. The zone of inhibition by OVMS was 1.5 cm against S. aureus. In vivo antibacterial study revealed that OVMS was significant in reducing septic arthritis and bacterial load, i.e., 110.1 CFU/ml in comparison with the control group (850 CFU/ml).

Conclusions
Thus, OVMS may be used as an effective formulation for the treatment of septic arthritis as compared to marketed IV vancomycin injection after clinical studies.
Post-traumatic tension pneumocephalus and cystic angiomatosis of the skull: case report
Authors: Osman Haythem H. , Abdullah Nazik E. , Alhassan Ghada S. , Nafie Tarig A. , Abdellatief Murtada I. , Abdelsatir Ali M. , Elzein Khalid O. , Ahmed Emad I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Tension pneumocephalus is an increasing air trapped intracranially. Either spontaneous, post-traumatic or iatrogenic in origin. Cystic angiomatosis is a benign vascular hamartoma of the skeleton, when acquired it is either due to trauma or infection. This is the second report in English literature of post-traumatic delayed tension pneumocephalus with the development of cystic angiomatosis of the skull bone.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old gentlemen, presented with scalp swelling of 6-month duration with history of head trauma 2 years back. The swelling was increasing and associated with progressive walking difficulties and left hearing loss. CT scan and MRI revealed extradural pneumocephalus, parietal and occipital pneumatocele, and multiple lytic bony lesions, left mastoid hyperpneumatization with inner table defect communicating with the extradural space. Diagnosis of delayed extradural tension pneumocephalus was made. Surgical exploration revealed multiple bony defects of parietal, temporal and squamous part of left temporal bones, confirmed extradural pneumocephalus with intact dura. Repair of mastoid defect of (0.5 × 0.5 cm), excision of pneumatocele and removal of lytic bones were performed. Defective bone “cribriform-like” was identified at occipital and parietal regions centrally with a defect of nearly 7 × 7 cm. Future cranioplasty was considered after 6 months. Histology of bony chips and surrounding soft tissues is recognized as cystic angiomatosis.

Conclusions
The present case developed two very rare complications, following trivial head trauma; the first complication was delayed extradural tension pneumocephalus with pneumatocele which presented 2 years after trauma, the origin of air was from a defect of the inner table of the mastoid, the second complication was cystic angiomatosis of the skull bones. Both complications were managed surgically in one operative session as a combined neurosurgery and otolaryngology teams approach.
Ultralow-frequency amplitude variation with angle inversion of plane-wave primary reflection seismograms
Authors: Amundsen Lasse , Ursin Bjørn 
Published: December 2021

An amplitude variation with angle (AVA) inversion method is presented for estimating density and velocities of a stratified elastic medium from reflection seismograms in the intercept time-horizontal slowness domain. The elastic medium parameters are assumed to vary continuously with depth. The seismograms are Green’s function precritical incidence primary P-wave reflections of time length [Formula: see text], assumed to obey differential equations of a model for elastic primary P-wave backscattering, similar to seismograms representing the first term in the well-known Bremmer series/Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys iterative solution model. A relation is found between the plane-wave Green’s function seismograms at each horizontal slowness and the medium properties in time. The Green’s function seismograms after normal-moveout correction are directly inverted for the medium parameters as a function of zero-offset traveltime. It is documented theoretically and verified numerically that the signal at the fundamental frequency [Formula: see text] must be present in the seismograms for the AVA method to provide the parameter trends of the elastic medium, implying that ultralow frequencies <1 Hz for [Formula: see text] s must be generated and recorded. Noise in the seismograms at ultralow frequencies is not considered because the theoretical AVA model does not handle microseisms that would be measured in real data. The main mathematical findings are illustrated by using simple model seismograms.
The risk of common mental disorders in Indigenous Australians experiencing traumatic life events
Authors: Nasir Bushra Farah , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Black Emma B. , Kisely Stephen , Gill Neeraj S. , Beccaria Gavin , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas , Nicholson Geoffrey C. , Toombs Maree 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundExperiencing traumatic life events is associated with an increased risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), but studies investigating this association within Indigenous populations are limited.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between trauma and CMDs after controlling for other exposures.MethodTrauma exposures and CMD diagnoses were determined in a broadly representative sample of 544 Indigenous Australians, using a diagnostic clinical interview. Associations were determined by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsTrauma exposure independently predicted CMDs. After adjustment for potential confounders, trauma exposure was associated with a 4.01-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a CMD in the past 12 months. The increased risks were 4.38-, 2.65- and 2.78-fold of having an anxiety disorder, mood disorder or a substance use disorder, respectively. Trauma exposure and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with a 4.53-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a mood disorder, 2.47-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, and 3.58-fold increased risk of any diagnosis of a CMD, in the past 12 months. Experiencing both sexual and physical violence was associated with a 4.98-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder in the past 12 months.ConclusionsIndigenous Australians experience significantly increased exposure to potentially harmful trauma compared with non-Indigenous Australians. Preventing and healing trauma exposure is paramount to reduce the high burden of CMDs in this population.
Improved Outcome in Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma Treated With Chemoimmunotherapy: Updated Results of a Phase II Study Using hu14.18K322A
Authors: Furman Wayne L. , McCarville Beth , Shulkin Barry L. , Davidoff Andrew , Krasin Matthew , Hsu Chia-Wei , Pan Haitao , Wu Jianrong , Brennan Rachel , Bishop Michael W. , Helmig Sara , Stewart Elizabeth , Navid Fariba , Triplett Brandon , Santana Victor , Santiago Teresa , Hank Jacquelyn A. , Gillies Stephen D. , Yu Alice , Sondel Paul M. , Leung Wing H. , Pappo Alberto , Federico Sara M. 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSEWe evaluated whether combining a humanized antidisialoganglioside monoclonal antibody (hu14.18K322A) throughout therapy improves early response and outcomes in children with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe conducted a prospective, single-arm, three-stage, phase II clinical trial. Six cycles of induction chemotherapy were coadministered with hu14.18K322A, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). The consolidation regimen included busulfan and melphalan. When available, an additional cycle of parent-derived natural killer cells with hu14.18K322A was administered during consolidation (n = 31). Radiation therapy was administered at the end of consolidation. Postconsolidation treatment included hu14.18K322A, GM-CSF, IL-2, and isotretinoin. Early response was assessed after the first two cycles of induction therapy. End-of-induction response, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.RESULTSSixty-four patients received hu14.18K322A with induction chemotherapy. This regimen was well tolerated, with continuous infusion narcotics. Partial responses (PRs) or better after the first two chemoimmunotherapy cycles occurred in 42 of 63 evaluable patients (66.7%; 95% CI, 55.0 to 78.3). Primary tumor volume decreased by a median of 75% (range, 100% [complete disappearance]-5% growth). Median peak hu14.18K322A serum levels in cycle one correlated with early response to therapy ( P = .0154, one-sided t-test). Sixty of 62 patients (97%) had an end-of-induction partial response or better. No patients experienced progressive disease during induction. The 3-year EFS was 73.7% (95% CI, 60.0 to 83.4), and the OS was 86.0% (95% CI, 73.8 to 92.8), respectively.CONCLUSIONAdding hu14.18K322A to induction chemotherapy improved early objective responses, significantly reduced tumor volumes in most patients, improved end-of-induction response rates, and yielded an encouraging 3-year EFS. These results, if validated in a larger study, may be practice changing.
Two cell line models to study multiorganic metastasis and immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Valencia Karmele , Sainz Cristina , Bértolo Cristina , de Biurrun Gabriel , Agorreta Jackeline , Azpilikueta Arantza , Larrayoz Marta , Bosco Graziella , Zandueta Carolina , Redrado Miriam , Redín Esther , Exposito Francisco , Serrano Diego , Echepare Mirari , Ajona Daniel , Melero Ignacio , Pio Ruben , Thomas Roman , Calvo Alfonso , Montuenga Luis M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThere is a paucity of adequate mouse models and cell lines available to study lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We have generated and characterized two models of phenotypically different transplantable LUSC cell lines, i.e. UN-SCC679 and UN-SCC680, derived from A/J mice that had been chemically induced with N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU). Furthermore, we genetically characterized and compared both LUSC cell lines by performing whole-exome and RNA sequencing. These experiments revealed similar genetic and transcriptomic patterns that may correspond to the classic LUSC human subtype. In addition, we compared the immune landscape generated by both tumor cells lines in vivo and assessed their response to immune checkpoint inhibition. The differences between the two cell lines are a good model for the remarkable heterogeneity of human squamous cell carcinoma. Study of the metastatic potential of these models revealed that both cell lines represent the organotropism of LUSC in humans, i.e. affinity to the brain, bones, liver and adrenal glands. In summary, we have generated valuable cell line tools for LUSC research, which recapitulates the complexity of the human disease.
Altered protein secretion in Batten disease
Authors: Huber Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively known as Batten disease, are a group of neurological diseases that affect all ages and ethnicities worldwide. There are 13 different subtypes of NCL, each caused by a mutation in a distinct gene. The NCLs are characterized by the accumulation of undigestible lipids and proteins in various cell types. This leads to progressive neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms including vision loss, progressive motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. These diseases have commonly been characterized by lysosomal defects leading to the accumulation of undigestible material but further research on the NCLs suggests that altered protein secretion may also play an important role. This has been strengthened by recent work in biomedical model organisms, including Dictyostelium discoideum, mice, and sheep. Research in D. discoideum has reported the extracellular localization of some NCL-related proteins and the effects of NCL-related gene loss on protein secretion during unicellular growth and multicellular development. Aberrant protein secretion has also been observed in mammalian models of NCL, which has allowed examination of patient-derived cerebrospinal fluid and urine for potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Accumulated evidence links seven of the 13 known NCL-related genes to protein secretion, suggesting that altered secretion is a common hallmark of multiple NCL subtypes. This Review highlights the impact of altered protein secretion in the NCLs, identifies potential biomarkers of interest and suggests that future work in this area can provide new therapeutic insight.
Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance
Authors: Ford Charlotte , Parchure Anup , von Blume Julia , Burd Christopher G. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Phosphotungstate and Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid
Authors: Miyoshi Akinobu , Shimoyama Yuto , Mogi Hiroto , Ubukata Hiroki , Hirayama Naoki , Tanaka Ayu , Arai Kenji , Morita Soichiro , Yui Tatsuto , Uchida Sayaka , Motohashi Teruki , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Kageyama Hiroshi , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Immobilization of phosphotungstate ([PW12O40]3−) in the interlayer space of a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) resulted in an absorption edge at ∼350 nm, different from the pristine LDH or the POM (either in aqueous solution or in the solid state). The obtained hybrid showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for water oxidation in the presence of Ag+ as an electron acceptor.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru
Authors: Arteaga-Zarate Guadalupe , Demarini-Olivares Gina , Torres-Slimming Paola A. , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Background: Information about the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) awareness in the prevalence of anxiety disorders is scarce. Moreover, reports from resource-constrained and semiurban settings are usually focused on hospital-based data, instead of population-based surveys. We aimed to evaluate the association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms, with emphasis on T2DM awareness. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based study. The outcome of interest was the presence of anxiety symptoms assessed by the Goldberg anxiety test, while the exposure variable was T2DM, defined using the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, another definition was used based on self-reported T2DM awareness of previous diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported using Poisson regression models. Results: Data from 1,607 participants, of mean age 48.2 (SD: 10.6) years, and 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Of all participants, 176 (11.0%; 95% CI: 9.5%–12.6%) had T2DM, 105 (59.7%) were aware of previous diagnosis, and 674 (41.9%; 95% CI: 39.5%–44.4%) had anxiety symptoms. In multivariable model, T2DM was not associated with anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.99–1.36); however, individuals aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 36% (95% CI: 14%–64%) greater prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to those without T2DM. Additionally, those aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 56% (95% CI: 13%-116%) higher probability to have anxiety symptoms compared to those not aware of T2DM diagnosis. Conclusions: The association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms was present among those participants who self-reported T2DM diagnosis, as opposed to those with T2DM but not aware and to those without T2DM. Evaluation of anxiety symptoms may be relevant among those with previous T2DM diagnosis.
Ten-year comparison of two different techniques for femoral bone cavity preparation—broaching versus compaction in patients with cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Okowinski Maciej , Hjorth Mette Holm , Mosegaard Sebastian Breddam , Jürgens-Lahnstein Jonathan Hugo , Storgaard Jakobsen Stig , Hedevang Christensen Poul , Kold Søren , Stilling Maiken 
Published: December 2021

Aims Femoral bone preparation using compaction technique has been shown to preserve bone and improve implant fixation in animal models. No long-term clinical outcomes are available. There are no significant long-term differences between compaction and broaching techniques for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in terms of migration, clinical, and radiological outcomes. Methods A total of 28 patients received one-stage bilateral primary THA with cementless femoral stems (56 hips). They were randomized to compaction on one femur and broaching on the contralateral femur. Overall, 13 patients were lost to the ten-year follow-up leaving 30 hips to be evaluated in terms of stem migration (using radiostereometry), radiological changes, Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, and complications. Results Over a mean follow-up period of 10.6 years, the mean stem subsidence was similar between groups, with a mean of -1.20 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.28 to -0.12) in the broaching group and a mean of -0.73 mm (95% CI -1.65 to 0.20) in the compaction group (p = 0.07). The long-term migration patterns of all stems were similar. The clinical and radiological outcomes were similar between groups. There were two intraoperative fractures in the compaction group that were fixed with cable wire and healed without complications. No stems were revised. Conclusion Similar stem subsidence and radiological and clinical outcomes were identified after the use of compaction and broaching techniques of the femur at long-term follow-up. Only the compaction group had intraoperative periprosthetic femur fractures, but there were no long-term consequences of these. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1035–1042.
Single infrared light pulses induce excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulation
Authors: Zhu Xuedong , Lin Jen-Wei , Turnali Ahmet , Sander Michelle Y. 
Published: December 2021

The excitatory and inhibitory effects of single and brief infrared (IR) light pulses (2 µm) with millisecond durations and various power levels are investigated with a custom-built fiber amplification system. Intracellular recordings from motor axons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction are performed ex vivo. Single IR light pulses induce a membrane depolarization during the light pulses, which is followed by a hyperpolarization that can last up to 100 ms. The depolarization amplitude is dependent on the optical pulse duration, total energy deposition and membrane potential, but is insensitive to tetrodotoxin. The hyperpolarization reverses its polarity near the potassium equilibrium potential and is barium-sensitive. The membrane depolarization activates an action potential (AP) when the axon is near firing threshold, while the hyperpolarization reversibly inhibits rhythmically firing APs. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that single and brief IR light pulses can evoke initial depolarization followed by hyperpolarization on individual motor axons. The corresponding mechanisms and functional outcomes of the dual effects are investigated.