bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis on Factors That Hinders the Effectiveness of Junior Athletics Projects in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Nega Ashenafi , Amare Simenew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to assess factors that affect the effectiveness of junior athletics projects in north Wollo zone. The main objective of the study was identifying factors affecting the effectiveness of junior athletics projects in north Wollo zone. Methods: The study used stratified sampling method to select the samples. Both primary and secondary source of data were used to gather reliable data. Mixed types of research approach (quantitative and qualitative) were employed. To achieve the objective of the study, cross-sectional study designed were employed. The collected data was organized, tabulated, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential method of data analysis. Results: The results of Proportional Odds Model reveal that training year or duration on the training of the athlete, that are trained between 2.1 to 3 year and 3.1 to 4 years are 0.855 and 0.985 times respectively smaller in performance than those athletes who trained in the project for less than 1 year. The result showed that athletes who haven’t the training field are 0.792 times less in performance than those athletes who have training field. In this study, those athletes who have well, bad and very bad relationship with their coach are 0.707, 0.989 and 0.979 times respectively lower in performance than athletes having very good relationship with their coach. In addition athletes who don’t participate in planning with their coach are 0.849 times lower in performance as compare to those athletes who participate. Those athletes who don’t get payment in the project are 0.952 times low in performance than athletes who get payment. Conclusion: The study identified factors related to sport offices related, coach related factors, athlete related. Regarding to sport office related factors such as shortage of training equipment and facilities, non-availability of training fields, lack of supervision and follow up for coaches and athletics projects, shortage of competition opportunities for athletes. Among coach related factors inability to prepaid peridized and scientific training plan, lack of providing proper demonstration for athletes, not recruiting the athletes based on talent identification. Considering athlete related factors lack of motivation on athletics sport.
The hsa_circ_0000523/miR-let-7b/METLL3 Axis Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Metastasis of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HCT116
Authors: Wang Yansheng , Zhang Baolei , Zhu Yun , Zhang Yong , Li Li , Shen Tao , Liu Hao , Teng Yirong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained wide attention as a class of potential biomarkers for the early detection of multiple cancers. However, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in the oncogenesis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of hsa_circ_0000523 and its parental gene METTL3 in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis in a human CRC cell line (HCT116).Methods: HCT116 cells were left untreated, transfected with hsa_circ_0000523- or METTL3-expressing plasmid, transfected with siRNA oligo against hsa_circ_0000523 or METTL3, or transfected with negative control vector or siRNA oligo. All transfections were performed with Lipofectamine 2000. Transcriptional levels of hsa_circ_0000523, miR-let-7b, and METTL3 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after staining for annexin V and propidium iodide. Cellular potential for migration was detected by transwell assay. Results: In HCT116 cells, hsa_circ-0000523 indirectly regulated METTL3 expression by suppressing the transcription of miR-let-7b. The expression of METTL3 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. Higher levels of METTL3 expression were associated with more aggressive tumor invasion.Conclusion: The hsa_circ_0000523/miR-let-7b/METLL3 axis functions in the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of human CRC. Our results suggest that circRNAs and METTL3 may be used for the highly sensitive diagnosis of CRC and predicting prognosis in patients who have undergone therapy.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) for Enhanced Recovery of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Cosmos Caudatus Leaves
Authors: LATIFF NORLIZA , ONG PEI YING , ABDULLAH LUQMAN CHUAH , RASHID SITI NOR AZLINA ABD , FAUZI NOOR AKHMAZILLAH MOHD , Amin Noor Amaiza Mohd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) is one of the common medicinal plants and among the valuable plants that are high in bioactive compounds such as phenolics. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to optimise the extraction of bioactive compounds from C. caudatus leaves using response surface methodology (RSM) and employing a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The extraction efficiency of UAE under the optimal extraction conditions was compared with the Soxhlet method. Also, an anti-microbial analysis against two human pathogenic bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also evaluated. The effect of the extraction conditions was studied and optimised such as the solid-liquid ratio (10 to 30 g/ml), particle size (180 to 850 µm) and extraction time (20 to 30 min). Quercitrin and total phenolic content (TPC) were the selected response variables in this study. Based on the ANOVA analysis, the response surface model to predict the optimum yield of quercitrin and TPC was adequate with a high R-square value corresponding to 0.9930 and 0.9962. The optimal UAE conditions were 1:28 (g/mL), by using a particle size of 485 µm and an extraction time of 30 min, respectively. Remarkably, UAE reduced the extraction time and solvent volume, with the maximal recovery of bioactive compounds at a high antioxidant activity as compared with that of the Soxhlet method. The plant extract also exhibited potential microbial agents. Due to the above findings, UAE can be used to enrich quercitrin and total phenolic content from C. caudatus leaves. It also opens the possibility of plant extract to be used as an affordable component in many applications such as food formulations and anti-microbial agents.
An Evaluation of Knee Overuse Injuries and Sleep Disturbance Among Men and Women Fencers
Authors: Ma Tianyuan , Zhang He , Ghigiarelli Jamie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fencing is an Olympic sport, it has many associations and competitions around the world. Modern fencing originated in ancient European fencing duels, which was popular among the nobility and became a way of resolving conflicts. Not only did fencing rise in Europe, but also it was popular in ancient Egypt, China, Arabia and other countries. China first combined the theory of fencing with the theory of politics. According to ancient Chinese records, in the 4th century BC, the Chinese philosopher Zhou Zhuang taught the King of Zhao the philosophy of fencing. Zhou Zhuang declared that if the King used the blade, he should observe the political environment of the whole county, following the wills of the people and the laws of nature. Then, he could make the whole county obey him.France is the cradle of modern fencing. The fencing mask was invented in 1776, and the weight of the blade was lightened to match in the 19th century. At the first Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. In this time, male’s fencing became an official sport, and female’s fencing entered the Olympic Games in Paris in 1924 later.At present, researches on fencing mainly focus on the training, strategic, tactics and physiological mechanism. In other words, they concern the performance of fencers in training, but ignore their recovery and life. They are in an asymmetrical position for a long time in training, which is easier to accumulate fatigue in the dominant side, especially the knee joint. Pain from the overuse injury or other factors are known to affect sleep quality, but very little researches have been done for fencers. When people do not acquire good sleep, they usually feel tired easily, and have hard time to concentrate on the study and work. Athletes need to undergo greater body load than common people. The sleep disturbance due to pain may slow the body recovery speed, and further aggravate the pain and accumulate the overuse injury. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the association between the sleep disturbance and the overuse injury. The knee joint bears the main body load in fencing, hence this research select knee joint for evaluation.
The Changes of Whole Blood Cells and Plasma Proteins in Donors After Plateletpheresis: 42 Donors With a Interval of 14-16 Days and More Than 20 Times
Authors: Li Jun , Liao Hongmei , Cheng Danfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background To study the changes of whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis with multiple donations. Materials and Methods From October 2015 to September 2019, 42 donors with a plateletpheresis interval of 14-16 days and more than 20 times were selected as the research subjects. The venous blood samples were collected from the first and the last screening before plateletpheresis. The result of last screening before plateletpheresis as the observation group, and the first as the control group. Then, the venous blood samples was detected. Results The whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis changes within a normal range in the two groups. The PLT counts in the the observation group was 220.1±40.4 x109/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 216.6±44.5 x109/L in the control group(P>0.05). The HGB in the the observation group was 142.8±10.2 g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 142.1±8.3g/L in the control group(P>0.05). The HCT in the the observation group was 43.50±3.2%, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 44.1±2.8% in the control group(P>0.05). The serum TP levels in the the observation group was 70.4±4.7g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 69.0±4.8g/L in the control group(P>0.05). The serum ALB levels in the observation group was 46.3±2.3g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 45.8±2.3g/L in the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion There have no effect on the whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis with multiple donations.
Glia Maturation Factor-Gamma Regulates Autophagy and Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Murine Macrophages
Authors: Aerbajinai Wulin , Zhu Jianqiong , Chin Kyung , Rodgers Griffin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Autophagy and phagocytosis are critical processes involved in maintaining macrophage homeostasis and cellular immunity. Because dysfunction of autophagy is observed in many human pathologies, it is important to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing crosstalk between autophagy and phagocytosis. Glia maturation factor-gamma (GMFg) is a novel regulator of the Arp2/3 complex, its role in modulating autophagy and phagocytosis remains unknown. Here, we show that knockdown of GMFg in murine macrophages inhibited autophagosome formation and compromised lysosomal function. GMFg knockdown suppressed phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway components, suggesting a role for this pathway in GMFg regulation of autophagy. Moreover, GMFg-knockdown macrophages displayed increased the expression of scavenger-receptor MSR1 and CD36, which was dependent on activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, and exhibited increased phagocytic activity. In contrast, overexpression of GMFg in murine macrophages increased autophagosome abundance and suppressed both scavenger-receptor expression and phagocytic activity. These findings suggest that GMFg regulates autophagy through AMPKregulated control of autophagosome formation, while mediating phagocytosis through modulation of scavenger-receptor abundance in macrophages, and may provide insight into therapeutic approaches to autophagy-related diseases and autophagy-regulated phagocytosis in immune and metabolic disorders.
Predictive Value of a Five-biomarker Signature to Diagnose Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Zeng Jiang , Yang Qianting , Xu Dechang , Chen Qi , Huang Kaisong , Cai Yi , Dai Youchao , Hai Xie , Zeng Zhong , Gong Xiangwen , Peng Haiying , Deng Guofang , Chen Xinchun , Zhang Huihua , Liu Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To improve the diagnosis accuracy of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) from pneumonia (PN) in low income and inadequate facilities areas is one of the biggest problems facing public health today. Most TB patients are difficult to diagnose, especially those who are acid-fast bacillus smear-negative (AFB-) but IGRA®.TB test positive (IGRA+). Thus, we aim to develop a low-cost and rapid risk model for the diagnosis of TB patients with AFB- IGRA+ TB from PN.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 laboratory variables of 204 AFB- IGRA+ TB and 156 PN participants. Candidate variables were identified by t-statistic test and univariate logistic model. The logistic regression analysis was used to construct the multivariate risk model and nomogram with internal and external validation.Results: There were differential correlations between variable pairs in AFB- IGRA+ TB and PN. We found several significant variables in TB compared with PN. Among them, uric acid (UA) was up-elevated , acting as a protective factor with an odds ratio (OR) < 1. By integrating five variables, including Age, UA, albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell counts (WBC), we constructed a multivariate risk model with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.8). Nomogram showed that UA and Hb had the protection effect, while Age, WBC and ALB acted as risk factors on TB occurrence. Internal and external validation revealed a good agreement between nomogran prediction and actual observations.Conclusions: Differential correlations existed between variable pairs in AFB- IGRA+ TB and PN. An integration of five biomarkers (Age, UA, ALB, Hb and WBC) can be used to predict TB in AFB- IGRA+ clinical samples from PN.
Metabolomics reveals the defense mechanism of different rice under space flight stress
Authors: Zeng Deyong , Cui Jie , Yin Yishu , Xiong Yi , Liu Mengyao , Guan Shuanghong , Cheng Dayou , Sun Yeqing , Lu weihong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpace flight is a special abiotic stress condition. Due to the development of space technology, its potential value has received widespread attention. Space mutation breeding is one of the important methods for human beings to solve food security. However, the molecular mechanism of space mutagenesis is still not very clear.ResultIn this study, two kinds of rice, Dongnong423 (DN3) and Dongnong416 (DN6), were carried on the SJ-10 retractable satellite for 12.5 days in orbit, returned to the ground and planted in the field until the three-leaf (TLP) and tillering stage (TS). The results of antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar, and electron leakage rate revealed that the space environment caused the stress response of rice. The TLP and TS of DN3 identified 113 and 58 different metabolites, respectively. The TLP and TS of DN6 identified 107 and 77 different metabolites, respectively. These metabolites include amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, organic acids and secondary metabolites. We used qRT-PCR technology to explore the changes of enzyme genes in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism pathway. Combined with the results of metabolomics, we determined that during the TLP, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited and amino acid metabolism was activated, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. In TS, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited, and amino acid metabolism was not significantly changed, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. These results suggest that the space environment has different stress response mechanisms to the two rice varieties, and these differences may be reflected in energy consumption and compound biosynthesis.ConclusionsThis research uses metabolomics for the first time to explore the effects of space flight team rice. This research provides new insights for further exploring the effects of space biology and space mutation breeding.
IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Chen Feixiang , Liu Weihuang , Zhang Qiang , Wu Ping , Xiao Ao , Zhao Yanan , Zhou Ying , Wang Qiaona , Chen Yun , Tong Zan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative to autografts for repairing long-range defects of peripheral nerves. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduit were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice with wild-type mice and autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced pro-healing M2 macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal macrophages had increased M2 markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher inflammatory M1 markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line and wild-type peritoneal macrophages after the same treatment. The biased M2 macrophage phenotype by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.
A Qualitative Study of Local Perspectives on Problem Drinking in Peruvian Andean Highlands: Control, Power, and Responsibility
Authors: Yamaguchi Sakiko , Lencucha Raphael , Brown Thomas Gordon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The public health approach to alcohol consumption that encourages moderate alcohol consumption and self-control often sits in tension with an ever-expanding profit-driven alcohol industry and an unwillingness of governments to regulate alcohol supply. The Peruvian Andean highland has seen the change of the Andean practice of collective drinking in response to the increased availability of alcohol and the experience of political violence. This paper sheds light on the ways that control, and specifically lack of control, intersects with the growing influence of alcohol companies and the reconfiguring of alcohol in Andean cultural practice.Methods Data were collected through focus group interviews (n=19) with community participants, teachers, and health workers, and key informant interviews (n=28). Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns of individual and collective meaning and social, political and economic factors associated with alcohol use. Results Local perspectives regarding loss of control over alcohol highlight the complex patterns of power and meaning exerted and experienced by different actors, shaping both understanding and behaviour. Participants’ focus on parents’ lack of control over alcohol use by some “abandoned” children reflects the structural vulnerability of some Andean families struggling with economic hardships. Another focus was on the money spent by men to engage in problem drinking. Participants interpreted alcohol consumption in this context as a way that men demonstrate their masculine identity and symbolic power as the breadwinner who controls the household economy. The third focus is superimposed onto the market economy. Participants expressed that the expansion of the alcohol market and perceived absence of government control coupled with macroeconomic conditions shaped patterns of alcohol consumption.Conclusion Echoing the political economy perspective, participants’ perspectives on control illustrate how problem drinking is shaped not simply by an individual drinker’s lack of self-control but also by an environment that enables the unrestrained marketing of alcohol products and the creation of a culture of consumption. Furthermore, harmful consumption is mediated by the reshaping of the Andean cultural practice of collective drinking. Attending to local perspectives is essential for policies and interventions that connect structural dynamics with the cultural and experiential aspects of alcohol consumption.
Nickel Cobalt Hydroxides With Tunable Thin-layer Nanosheets for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Zhang Luomeng , Xia Hui , Liu Shaobo , Zhou Yishan , Zhao Yuefeng , Xie Wenke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Layered double hydroxides as typical supercapacitor electrode materials can perform superior energy storage if the structures are well regulated. In this work, a simple one-step hydrothermal method is used to prepare diverse nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDHs), in which the different contents of urea are used to synthesize the different nanostructures of NiCo-LDHs. The results show that the decrease in urea content can effectively improve the dispersibility of NiCo-LDHs, adjust the thickness of materials and optimize the internal pore structures, thereby enhancing the capacitance performance of NiCo-LDHs. When the content of urea is reduced from 0.03 g to 0.0075 g under a fixed precursor materials mass ratio of nickel (0.06 g) to cobalt (0.02 g) of 3:1, the prepared sample NiCo-LDH-1 exhibits the thickness of 1.62 nm, and the clear thin-layer nanosheets structures and a large number of surface pores are formed, which is beneficial to the transmission of ions into the electrode material. After being prepared as a supercapacitor electrode, the NiCo-LDH-1 displays an ultra-high specific capacitance of 3982.5 F g-1 under the current density of 1 A g-1, and high capacitance retention above 93.6% after 1000 cycles of charging and discharging at a high current density of 10 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo-LDH-1 is proved by assembling two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor with carbon spheres, displaying the specific capacitance of 95 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and the capacitance retention with 78% over 1000 cycles. As a result, it offers a facile way to control the nanostructure of NiCo-LDHs, confirms the important affection of urea on enhancing capacitive performance for supercapacitor electrode and provides the high possibility for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.