bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capture method affects survival estimates and subsequent interpretation of ecological covariates for a long‐lived cervid
Authors: Brackel Katherine L. , Michel Eric S. , Gullikson Bailey S. , Jenks Jonathan A. , Jensen William F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding what variables affect ungulate neonate survival is imperative to successful conservation and management of the species. Predation is commonly cited as a cause‐specific source of mortality, and ecological covariates often influence neonate survival. However, variation in survival estimates related to capture methodology has been documented with opportunistically captured neonates generally displaying greater survival than those captured via aid of vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), likely because of increased left truncation observed in the opportunistically captured datasets. Our goal was to assess whether 3‐ and 6‐month survival estimates varied by capture method while simultaneously assessing whether capture method affected model selection and interpretation of ecological covariates for white‐tailed deer neonates captured from three study sites from 2014 to 2015 in North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. We found survival varied by capture method for 3‐month neonate survival with opportunistically captured neonates displaying up to 26% greater survival than their counterparts captured via VITs; however, this relationship was not present for 6‐month survival. We also found model selection and subsequent interpretation of ecological covariates varied when analyzing datasets comprised of neonates captured via VITs, neonates captured opportunistically, and all neonates combined regardless of capture method. When interpreting results from our VIT‐only analysis for 3‐month survival, we found survival varied by three time intervals and was lowest in the first two weeks of life. Capture method did not affect 6‐month survival, which was most influenced by total precipitation occurring during 3 – 8 weeks of a neonate's life and percent canopy cover found at a neonate's capture site. Our results support previous research that capture method must be accounted for when deriving survival estimates for ungulate neonates as it can impact derived estimates and subsequent interpretation of results.
Stable isotopes of amino acids indicate that soil decomposer microarthropods predominantly feed on saprotrophic fungi
Authors: Pollierer Melanie M. , Scheu Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil microarthropods are essential for nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems as they are integral components of decomposer food webs. They channel carbon and nutrients from leaf litter and roots to higher trophic levels; however, knowledge on the relative importance of different channels and on their variation with forest type is lacking. Although the importance of root‐derived inputs for sustaining soil food webs is increasingly recognized, the pathways by which they are channeled to higher trophic levels are little understood. For the channeling, ectomycorrhizal fungi may play a significant role, but until now methods allowing to separate the contribution of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi to the nutrition of soil animal communities are lacking. Using dual analysis of 15N and 13C in amino acids (AAs), we investigated trophic positions and basal resources of two major groups of soil microarthropods, Collembola and Oribatida, in beech and spruce forests in Germany. By applying a 13C fingerprinting approach and Bayesian mixing models, we separated in a first step the relative contribution of bacteria, fungi, and plants to the nutrition of soil microarthropods. As fungi were identified as the major food source, in a second step we attempted to separate the contribution of ectomycorrhizal vs. saprotrophic fungi. For the first time, we provide direct evidence that soil microarthropods mainly rely on saprotrophic fungi, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi are consumed by only few species. While trophic niches of Collembola and Oribatida species generally varied little between beech and spruce forests, plant detritus as basal resource of soil microarthropods was somewhat more important in beech forests, whereas in spruce forests microbial resources dominated. Overall, the dual analysis of carbon and nitrogen in AAs provided insight into food web structure of soil microarthropods in unprecedented detail, and for the first time allowed to estimate the relative importance of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi for soil food web nutrition, a long‐standing riddle in soil food web ecology. The technique provides the perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the trophic structure and energy channeling in soil food webs.
Synthetic Access to Pentacene‐Silylene Adducts via Dehydrogenative Silylation of a 5,14‐Dihydropentacene with a Stable Silylene
Authors: Koike Taichi , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtility of a thermally stable divalent silicon species (silylene) toward the dehydroaromatization of a dihydropentacene is demonstrated. The reaction of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)silylene with 6,13‐dipropyl‐5,14‐dihydropentacene afforded the corresponding pentacene‐silylene adducts. The reaction likely proceeds through a combination of 1,4‐dehydrogenation and (1+4) cycloaddition of the silylene towards the dihydropentacene.
Localization analysis of essential oils in perilla herb (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) using derivatized mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Taira Shu , Kiriake‐Yoshinaga Aya , Shikano Hitomi , Ikeda Ryuzoh , Kobayashi Shoko , Yoshinaga Kazuaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe localization of essential oils, including flavor components, in perilla herb (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) were visually determined using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) imaging. The surface of a perilla leaf was peeled using a cyanoacrylate adhesion compound and contained oil glands that retained their morphology and chemical properties. We imaged the three essential oils perillaldehyde, β‐caryophyllene, and rosmarinic acid (RA). Perillaldehyde was derivatized using glycine to prevent evaporation and allow its detection and imaging while localized in oil glands. β‐caryophyllene also localized in the oil glands and not in the epidermis region. RA was detected throughout the leaf, including the oil glands. Quantitative data for the three essential oils were obtained by gas chromatography‐ or liquid chromatography‐MS. The concentrations of perillaldehyde, β‐caryophyllene, and RA were 12.6 ± 0.62, 0.27 ± 0.02, and 0.16 ± 0.02 [mg/g] in the paste sample of perilla herb. Peeling using a cyanoacrylate adhesion compound, and derivatization of a target such as an aroma component have great potential for mass spectrometry imaging for multiple essential oils.
The effect of composite enzyme catalysis whey protein cross‐linking on filtration performance
Authors: Wen‐qiong Wang , Ji‐yang Zhou , Qian Yu , Jianju Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, enzymatic cross‐linked whey protein coupling ultrafiltration was used to reduce membrane fouling and increase whey protein recovery rate. The filtration efficiency and protein interaction with the membrane surface were investigated. The results showed that the protein recovery rate and relative flux of transglutaminase catalysis protein followed by tyrosinase each increased by approximately 30% during ultrafiltration. The total membrane resistance was reduced by approximately 20%. The shape of the transglutaminase and tyrosinase cross‐linked protein had somewhat spherical and cylindrical structure similar to an elongated shape based on fluorescence microscopy imaging, which indicated membrane resistance reduction. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM) showed that the permeation peak intensities of transglutaminase followed by tyrosinase catalysis protein decreased sharply in the tryptophan and aromatic‐like protein fields, indicating that most protein was rejected after ultrafiltration. The repulsive interaction energy was increased between the cross‐linked proteins and membrane based on extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis.
Energy subsidy reform evaluation research – reviews in Iran
Authors: Solaymani Saeed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an ex post evaluation of Iran's energy subsidy reform of main law, definitions, its aims and scope, its effectiveness, and problems. Based on an assessment of policy reports, actual data, peer‐reviewed studies, and regression models, this study suggests evidence that the removal of energy subsidies in Iran was effective in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions only in the first 2 years of policy implementation. But, over the next years, the demand for energy commodities increased because of the incomplete implementation of the policy. Besides some local and international economic, social, and political challenges, the policy was not completed in the subsequent years because the government did not prepare its preliminary theoretical framework and requirements in the three stages of legislation and transparency – implementation and management, control, and adjustment of the negative policy impacts. Moreover, the decline in environmental emissions occurred mainly due to fuel switching, as natural gas consumption in power plants, industries, and transport, and rather the use of renewable energies, increased substantially. Likewise, at the time of removal of energy subsidies, the government introduced a cash transfer scheme until the present. This compensation scheme has had significant burdens on the government budget and reaches the trillions of rials each year, while in the first year of the policy, it improved the socioeconomic welfare. The econometric results showed that removing energy subsidies is an effective policy in reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran. This study provides important policy recommendations for sustainable energy security and economic development in Iran. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When Following the Rules Feels Wrong
Authors: Tate Tyler 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has created a clinical environment in which health care practitioners are experiencing moral distress in numerous and novel ways. In this narrative reflection, a pediatric palliative care physician explores how his hospital's strict visitation policy set the stage for moral distress when, in the early months of the pandemic, it prevented two parents from being together at the bedside of their dying child.
Can Clinical Empathy Survive? Distress, Burnout, and Malignant Duty in the Age of Covid‐19
Authors: Anzaldua Adrian , Halpern Jodi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 crisis has accelerated a trend toward burnout in health care workers, making starkly clear that burnout is especially likely when providing health care is not only stressful and sad but emotionally alienating; in such situations, there is no mental space for clinicians to experience authentic clinical empathy. Engaged curiosity toward each patient is a source of meaning and connection for health care providers, and it protects against sympathetic distress and burnout. In a prolonged crisis like Covid‐19, clinicians provide care out of a sense of duty, especially the duty of nonabandonment. We argue that when duty alone is relied on too heavily, with fear and frustration continually suppressed, the risk of burnout is dramatically increased. Even before Covid‐19, clinicians often worked under dehumanizing and unjust conditions, and rates of burnout were 50 percent for physicians and 33 percent for nurses. The Covid‐19 intensification of burnout can serve as a wake‐up call that the structure of health care needs to be improved if we are to prevent the loss of a whole generation of empathic clinicians.
A dynamic prognostic nomogram to predict the benefit from surgical treatment modality for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lin , Lin Gongbiao , Qian Jiawen , Chen Zhihong , Wu Xiaobo , Lin Jing , Chen Ying , Chen Qing , Zhuang Zhaocheng , Hong Yihong , Wang Jing , Liu Fengqiong , Wang Jing , He Baochang , Chen Fa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough nonsurgical treatment strategy is increasingly adopted in patients with locoregionally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), survival disparities were reported between surgical treatment modality and organ preservation protocols, highlighting the great importance for accurate patients' selection.MethodThis secondary analysis used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2015 with follow‐up data up to 2018. We developed and validated a dynamic prognostic nomogram for overall survival (OS) in 4237 patients with LSCC and subgroup of 2087 patients with locoregionally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LALSCC). Based on the total risk score derived from the dynamic nomogram, two well‐matched risk groups (i.e., low‐ and high‐risk) were created via X‐tile software and 1‐to‐1 propensity score matching (PSM); surgical treatment modality was compared with nonsurgical one in each risk group.ResultsA more accurate and convenient dynamic prognostic nomogram based on age, marital status, T category, N category, M category, tumor size, and tumor differentiation was developed and validated, of which the predictive performance was superior to that of TNM staging system. For high‐risk LALSCC selected by the dynamic nomogram, after 1‐to‐1 PSM, significantly improved OS was observed in patients with receiving surgical treatment compared to those receipt of nonsurgical management (restricted mean survival time at 36‐month: 26.6 vs 22.7, p < 0.001; restricted mean survival time at 60‐month: 36.7 vs 31.0, p = 0.003).ConclusionWe establish and validate a more accurate and convenient dynamic prognostic nomogram for patients with LSCC, which may predict the benefit from surgical treatment modality for patients with high‐risk LALSCC.
Prognostic value and therapeutic implications of nodal involvement in head and neck mucosal melanoma
Authors: Moya‐Plana Antoine , Mangin David , Blanchard Pierre , Obongo Rais , Casiraghi Odile , Bidault François , Temam Stéphane , Robert Caroline , Gorphe Philippe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of nodal involvement is not well established in head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM).MethodsA retrospective, monocentric study was performed on 96 patients with HNMM treated between 2000 and 2017.ResultsAt diagnosis, seventeen patients (17.8%) were cN1, with a higher risk for HNMM arising from the oral cavity (p = 0.01). cN status had no prognostic value in patients with nonmetastatic resectable HNMM. No occult nodal metastasis was observed in the cN0 patients after a nodal dissection (ND). The nodal recurrence rate was similar in the cN1 and the cN0 patients. No isolated nodal recurrences were noted. Among the patients who underwent a ND, no benefit of this procedure was noted.ConclusionscN1 status is not a prognostic factor in patients with resectable HNMM. Elective ND should not be systematically performed in cN0 HNMM.
Cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixture
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Jinren , Kong Qingbo , Li Liang , Gao Junhong , Fang Le , Liu Zhiyong , Fan Xiaolin , Li Cunzhi , Lu Qing , Qian Airong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most common contaminants in the air pollutants. Inhalation exposure to PAHs could increase the risk of respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease and even cancer. However, the biotoxicity of multi‐component PAHs from atmospheric pollutants has been poorly studies. The main topic of this study was to investigate the PAHs mixture, which derived from atmospheric pollutants, induced toxic effects and inflammatory effects on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. The results showed that PAHs mixture could decrease the cell viability, increase the apoptosis rate, and induce cell cycle arrest at S‐phase. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory factors IL‐1β and IL‐6 were increased and NF‐κB signaling pathway was activated in PAHs mixture‐treated cells. The findings of this study indicate that PAHs mixture‐induced cytotoxicity and inflammation may be related to intracellular ROS generation and to the activated NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Pregnancy-Related Change in pQCT and Bone Biochemistry in a Population With a Habitually Low Calcium Intake
Authors: Ó Breasail Mícheál , Ward Kate A , Schoenbuchner Simon M , Ceesay Mustapha , Mendy Michael , Jarjou Landing M , Moore Sophie E , Prentice Ann 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn pregnancy, changes in maternal calcium (Ca) economy occur to satisfy fetal Ca demand. It is unclear whether maternal mineral reserves facilitate these requirements and no data exist from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim was to determine skeletal changes with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and bone biochemistry between early second and third trimesters. Pregnant rural Gambians aged 18 to 45 years (n = 467) participating in a trial of antenatal nutritional supplements (ISRCTN49285450) had pQCT scans and blood collections at mean (SD) 14 (3) and 31 (1) weeks’ gestation. Outcomes were pQCT: radius/tibia 4% total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), trabecular vBMD, total cross-sectional area (CSA), 33%/38% radius/tibia cortical vBMD, bone mineral content (BMC), total CSA; biochemistry: collagen type 1 cross-linked β-C-telopeptide (β-CTX), type 1 procollagen N-terminal (P1NP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25(OH)2D. Independent t tests tested whether pooled or within-group changes differed from 0. Multiple regression was performed adjusting for age. Data for change are expressed as mean (confidence interval [CI] 2.5, 97.5%). Radius trabecular vBMD, cortical vBMD, and BMC increased by 1.15 (0.55, 1.75)%, 0.41 (0.24, 0.58)%, and 0.47 (0.25, 0.69)%. Tibia total and trabecular vBMD increased by 0.34 (0.15, 0.54)% and 0.46 (0.17, 0.74)%, while tibia cortical vBMD, BMC, and cortical CSA increased by 0.35 (0.26, 0.44)%, 0.55 (0.41, 0.68)% and 0.20 (0.09, 0.31)%, respectively. CTX, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D increased by 23.0 (15.09, 29.29)%, 13.2 (8.44, 19.34)%, and 21.0 (17.67, 24.29)%, while P1NP decreased by 32.4 (−37.19, −28.17)%. No evidence of mobilization was observed in the peripheral skeleton. Resorption, although higher in late versus early gestation, was lower throughout pregnancy compared with non-pregnant non-lactating (NPNL) in the same community. Formation was lower in late pregnancy than in early, and below NPNL levels. This suggests a shift in the ratio of resorption to formation. Despite some evidence of change in bone metabolism, in this population, with habitually low Ca intakes, the peripheral skeleton was not mobilized as a Ca source for the fetus. © 2021 crown copyright . Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). The article published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer of Scotland..
Prior loss of body mass index, low body mass index, and central obesity independently contribute to higher rates of fractures in elderly women and men
Authors: Zheng Rui , Byberg Liisa , Larsson Susanna C. , Höijer Jonas , Baron John A. , Michaëlsson Karl 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of body composition with fracture risk using longitudinal data from a Swedish cohort of 44,366 women and men (mean age of 70 years) and a subcohort of 5022 women. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of fracture for baseline body mass index (BMI), BMI change during the prior 12 and 18 years, baseline waist-to-height ratio, total and regional distribution of fat and lean mass, with and without areal bone mineral density (BMD) adjustment. During follow-up (median 8.7 years), 7290 individuals sustained a fracture, including 4279 fragility fractures, of which 1813 were hip fractures. Higher baseline BMI and prior gain in BMI were inversely associated with all types of fracture. Lower fracture rate with higher baseline BMI was seen within every category of prior BMI change, whereas higher prior BMI gain conferred a lower rate of fracture within those with normal baseline BMI. Each standard deviation (SD) higher baseline waist-to-height ratio, after adjustment for BMI, was associated with higher rates of hip fracture in both women and men (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.19). In the subcohort (median follow-up 10 years), higher baseline fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular lean mass index (LMI) showed fracture-protective effects. After BMD adjustment, higher baseline BMI, total LMI, FMI, and higher prior BMI gain were associated with higher fracture rate. Baseline fat distribution also was associated with fracture rate; a 1-SD higher android to gynoid fat mass ratio in prior BMI gainers was associated with BMD-adjusted HRs of 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05–1.28) for any fracture and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.16–1.89) for hip fracture. This pattern was not observed among prior BMI losers. These findings indicate that for optimal fracture prevention, low baseline BMI, prior BMI loss and high baseline central obesity should be avoided in both women and men. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Superhydrophilic modification of APA‐TFC membrane surface by grafting QACs and salicylaldehyde units with PEG chains as the spacers
Authors: Wang Jia Jia , Liang Ya Qin , Fan Bian Hua , Zheng Yi Zhong , Zhang Tian Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe superhydrophilic modification of the aromatic polyamide (APA) thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane surface was achieved by densely grafting quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) and salicylaldehyde units with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains as the spacers. The experimental results showed that the superhydrophilicity of the modified membrane surfaces was due to the abundant hydrophilic groups, such as PEG chains and QACs. The water fluxes of the modified membranes significantly increased by 36–39% compared with the hydrolyzed membrane, and the salt rejections slightly decreased. The accelerating chlorination tests showed that the modified membranes had the durable chemical stability in 7 × 105 ppm/hr chlorine aqueous solution at room temperature. Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and gram‐positive bacteria Staphyloccus aureus adhering to and growing on the modified membrane surface had been effectively prevented due to a combination of obstructing bacterial adhesion and contact‐killing during the incubation.