bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early social distancing policies in Europe, changes in mobility & COVID-19 case trajectories: Insights from Spring 2020
Authors: Woskie Liana R. , Hennessy Jonathan , Espinosa Valeria , Tsai Thomas C. , Vispute Swapnil , Jacobson Benjamin H. , Cattuto Ciro , Gauvin Laetitia , Tizzoni Michele , Fabrikant Alex , Gadepalli Krishna , Boulanger Adam , Pearce Adam , Kamath Chaitanya , Schlosberg Arran , Stanton Charlotte , Bavadekar Shailesh , Abueg Matthew , Hogue Michael , Oplinger Andrew , Chou Katherine , Corrado Greg , Shekel Tomer , Jha Ashish K. , Wellenius Gregory A. , Gabrilovich Evgeniy 
Published: June 2021

Background
Social distancing have been widely used to mitigate community spread of SARS-CoV-2. We sought to quantify the impact of COVID-19 social distancing policies across 27 European counties in spring 2020 on population mobility and the subsequent trajectory of disease.

Methods
We obtained data on national social distancing policies from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and aggregated and anonymized mobility data from Google. We used a pre-post comparison and two linear mixed-effects models to first assess the relationship between implementation of national policies and observed changes in mobility, and then to assess the relationship between changes in mobility and rates of COVID-19 infections in subsequent weeks.

Results
Compared to a pre-COVID baseline, Spain saw the largest decrease in aggregate population mobility (~70%), as measured by the time spent away from residence, while Sweden saw the smallest decrease (~20%). The largest declines in mobility were associated with mandatory stay-at-home orders, followed by mandatory workplace closures, school closures, and non-mandatory workplace closures. While mandatory shelter-in-place orders were associated with 16.7% less mobility (95% CI: -23.7% to -9.7%), non-mandatory orders were only associated with an 8.4% decrease (95% CI: -14.9% to -1.8%). Large-gathering bans were associated with the smallest change in mobility compared with other policy types. Changes in mobility were in turn associated with changes in COVID-19 case growth. For example, a 10% decrease in time spent away from places of residence was associated with 11.8% (95% CI: 3.8%, 19.1%) fewer new COVID-19 cases.

Discussion
This comprehensive evaluation across Europe suggests that mandatory stay-at-home orders and workplace closures had the largest impacts on population mobility and subsequent COVID-19 cases at the onset of the pandemic. With a better understanding of policies’ relative performance, countries can more effectively invest in, and target, early nonpharmacological interventions.
Association of CYP24A1 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer in the Jiamusi population
Authors: Chai Lin , Ni Jian , Ni Xiaolin , Zhang Nan , Liu Yang , Ji Zhiwu , Zhao Xingwang , Zhu Xiaowen , Zhao Bin , Xin Guorong , Wang Yu , Yang Fan , Sun Liang , Zhu Xiaoquan , Bao Wenhua , Shui Xiaofang , Wang Fengling , Chen Fujun , Yang Ze 
Published: June 2021

Background
The population in Jiamusi has been reported to have the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. The genetic causal-effect for this occurrence among the residents remains unclear. Given the long cold seasons with people wearing more clothes and reduced UV exposure, we aimed to study the association between the vitamin D metabolism-related gene CYP24A1 polymorphism and CRC susceptibility.

Method
A case-control study was conducted that included 168 patients with CRC and 710 age-matched healthy individuals as the control group. Plausible susceptible variations were sought and clinical phenotypic-genotype association analysis was performed.

Results
Overall, two CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.09–3.29) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.02, OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08–2.13) were significantly associated with CRC in the Jiamusi population. In the female group, three CYP24A1 polymorphisms, rs6013905 AX (P = 0.04, OR = 2.59, 95%CI: 1.03–6.49), rs2762939 GX (P = 0.01, OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.25–4.42), and rs6068816 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 0.99–3.59) carriers were significantly associated with CRC. In clinical phenotypic-genotype analysis, rs6013905 GG (P = 0.05, OR = 4.00, 95%CI: 0.92–17.48) and rs2762939 GX (P = 0.03, OR = 4.87, 95%CI: 1.00–23.69) carriers were significantly associated with poorly differentiated CRC, while CYP24A1 rs6068816 AX was significantly associated with the tumor type (P = 0.02, OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.10–3.96) and location (P = 0.04, OR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.05–4.77).

Conclusion
CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor attributable to the highest prevalence of CRC in Jiamusi people. Individuals with CYP24A1 gene polymorphism may have an increased barrier for vitamin D absorption, thus contributing to the risk of CRC development.
Audio Guides for Digital Archives
Authors: Holterhoff Kate 
Published: June 2021

There has never been a better time to create audio content than the present. Not only do most personal computers come with audio software like GarageBand (OSX) and VoiceRecorder (Win) already installed, free programs such as Audacity and LMMS can be readily downloaded online. This has opened up a variety of new project opportunities for instructors eager to incorporate digital humanities concepts and ideas into their classrooms. In multimodal communication courses foregrounding history, archive, and visual culture studies, the form of the audio guide offers a useful medium for students to create inventive and theoretically rigorous projects.
The effectiveness of Islamic comic media in increasing the attitude of healthy breakfast among students
Authors: Damayanti Amilia Yuni , Darni Joyeti , Hafidzatunnisa Hafidzatunnisa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK Background: As much as 73.4% of children aged ≥ 5 years in Indonesia have breakfast with the low nutritional quality of food consumption, as evidenced by the prevalence of 95.5% of children's less consumption of vegetables and fruits. Breakfast habits affect fiber and micronutrient levels. Communication and nutritional information can increase accuracy in breakfast behavior from childhood. Effective and efficient media are needed. So far, the media for children has prioritized illustrations without paying attention to the cultivation of moral values.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Islamic comic media on improving healthy breakfast attitudes among students.Materials and Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental type. Subjects were taken by a simple random sampling method. Ninety-six students were divided into three groups. Group A was given nutrition education using Islamic comic media about health breakfast (n = 32). Group B was given nutrition education using Islamic comic strip media about health (n = 32). Group C was a control group (n = 32). The study used two types of nutrition promotion media: comics and comic strips, which are stories about healthy eating in Islam. The time for nutrition education intervention through comics and comic strips is 2x ± 35 minutes. The pretest was ± 25 minutes with ± 10 minutes explaining the instructions for filling out the questionnaire. The posttest was ± 25 minutes with a discussion for ± 10 minutes—nutritional attitudes related to health breakfast by answering a validated questionnaire. We used the Lickert scale to categorized nutritional attitudes. Statistical test was done by Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test.Results: The distribution of nutrition attitudes of respondents increased after the provision of Islamic comics, both comics and comic strips about breakfast. The nutritional attitudes increased significantly in the Islamic comic media group (p = 0.000) and the Islamic comic strip media group (p = 0.000), from 78.75 to 92.96 and 78.61 to 92.88, respectively.Conclusions: There was a relationship between counseling and Islamic comic media regarding healthy breakfast towards the nutritional attitude of elementary school-age students.
Improved oscillation criteria for even-order neutral differential equations
Authors: Chatzarakis George E. , Jadlovská Irena , Tunç Ercan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions to a class of even-order differential equations with bounded and unbounded neutral coefficients are established, which refine, significantly simplify and generalize those in [T. Li and Y. V. Rogovchenko, Oscillation criteria for even-order neutral differential equations, Appl. Math. Lett. 61 2016, 35–41]. Examples are provided to illustrate the results and suggestions for future research are included.
Monotonicity results for CFC nabla fractional differences with negative lower bound
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S. , Jonnalagadda Jagan M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the sequential CFC-type nabla fractional difference

(
CFC

∇

a
+
1

ν

∇
a
μ

CFC

u
)

(
t
)

{(^{\mathrm{CFC}}\nabla^{\nu}_{a+1}{}^{\mathrm{CFC}}\nabla^{\mu}_{a}u)(t)}

and show that one can derive monotonicity-type results even in the case where this difference satisfies a strictly negative lower bound. This illustrates some dissimilarities between the integer-order and fractional-order cases.
Adaptive model predictive stabilization of an electric cargo bike using a cargo load moment of inertia estimator
Authors: Pai Suvrath , Neuberger Benedikt , Buchholz Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of stabilizing an electric cargo bike. For most control objectives, it suffices to consider a cargo bike as a two-wheeler. However, in addition to the challenges posed to the control of traditional two-wheelers, electric cargo bikes also have the issue of the cargo load, which can significantly influence the driving behaviour. Hence, detection and estimation of the mass, position and inertial properties of the cargo load become important. Here, a Kalman filter based algorithm which estimates these parameters online is presented. For the estimation, measurements of the force exerted by the load are recorded using force sensors installed under the load. Along with these, roll angle and roll acceleration are also measured. The estimated values are then used by an adaptive model predictive controller (MPC) to adjust the model-parameters and stabilize a cargo bike while following a set trajectory.
Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Heraldy Eddy , Rachmadani  , Hidayat Yuniawan , Kartini Indriana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.
Homemade bismuth plating by galvanic displacement from bismuth subsalicylate tablets: a chemistry experiment for distance learning
Authors: Aguilar-Charfen Jose Luis , Castro-Sayago Ines , Turnbull-Agraz Jimena , Ibanez Jorge G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a student-designed one-pot electroless deposition of Bi extracted from a Pepto Bismol® tablet by galvanic displacement of the Zn coating of a galvanized iron nail. This experiment relies on a readily accessible and reasonably safe method and materials and it has been used during the present COVID pandemic as a hands-on activity with higher education students (i.e., Junior and Senior Chemical Engineering students). Its simplicity should allow its use with High School students as well. The entire procedure can be completed in 30–45 min.
From the Newspaper Serial to the Novel (1853–1863): Mediation of the Periodical Press in the Foundation of Alberto Blest Gana’s Narrative Project
Authors: Pas Hernán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScholarly studies on Alberto Blest Gana have generally disregarded the author’s production prior to his narrative cycle, begun with his novelLa aritmética en el amor[Arithmetic in Love] (1860), awarded first prize in a literary contest sponsored by the Universidad de Chile. Nonetheless, the canonical cycle of his first narrative period (which includes his famousMartín RivasandEl ideal de un calavera) shares with his earlier fiction the fact that the novels were originally published in the press. Indeed, with the exception of the award-winning novel andJuan de Aria – published in theAguinaldoof the newspaperEl Ferrocarril – all the author’s production from his first narrative period was published in periodical publications, decisive in consolidating his narrative project. This essay analyses the mediation of the periodical press (and its subgenres, such as thefolletín[newspaper serial] and theartículo de costumbres[a literary vignette of customs]) in the foundation of Blest Gana’s narrative scheme, contemplating the diversity of his production. The main features of his project were embodied, materially speaking, in the space of thefolletín. It was in this space, in short, where the author’s narrative managed to challenge an extended reading public, necessary for the constitution of a national literature.
Bounds on Shannon functions of lengths of contact closure tests for contact circuits
Authors: Popkov Kirill A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem of synthesis of irredundant two-pole contact circuits which implement n-place Boolean functions and allow short single fault detection or diagnostic tests of closures of at most k contacts. We prove that the Shannon function of the length of a fault detection test is equal to n for any n and k, and that the Shannon function of the length of a diagnostic test is majorized by n + k(n − 2) for n ⩾ 2.
The role of the algebraic structure in Wold-type decomposition
Authors: Bagheri Bardi G. A. , Burdak Zbigniew , Elyaspour Akram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent works
[G. A. Bagheri-Bardi, A. Elyaspour and G. H. Esslamzadeh,
Wold-type decompositions in Baer

∗

\ast

-rings,
Linear Algebra Appl. 539 2018, 117–133]
and
[G. A. Bagheri-Bardi, A. Elyaspour and G. H. Esslamzadeh,
The role of algebraic structure in the invariant subspace theory,
Linear Algebra Appl. 583 2019, 102–118],
the algebraic analogues of the three major decomposition theorems of Wold, Nagy–Foiaş–Langer and Halmos–Wallen were established in the larger category of Baer

*

{*}

-rings. The results have their versions for commuting pairs in von Neumann algebras. In the corresponding proofs, both norm and weak operator topologies are heavily involved. In this work, ignoring topological structures, we give an algebraic approach to obtain them in Baer

*

{*}

-rings.
Endpoint estimates for a trilinear pseudo-differential operator with flag symbols
Authors: Chen Jiao , Huang Liang , Lu Guozhen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we establish the endpoint estimate (

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

) for a trilinear pseudo-differential operator, where the symbol involved is given by the product of two standard symbols from the bilinear Hörmander class

B
⁢

S

1
,
0

0

{BS^{0}_{1,0}}

.
The study of this operator is motivated from the

L
p

{L^{p}}

(

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

) estimates for the trilinear Fourier multiplier operator with flag singularities considered in
[C. Muscalu,
Paraproducts with flag singularities. I. A case study,
Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 23 2007, 2, 705–742]
and Hardy space estimates in
[A. Miyachi and N. Tomita,
Estimates for trilinear flag paraproducts on

L
∞

L^{\infty}

and Hardy spaces,
Math. Z. 282 2016, 1–2, 577–613],
and the

L
p

{L^{p}}

(

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

) estimates for the trilinear pseudo-differential operator with flag symbols in
[G. Lu and L. Zhang,

L
p

L^{p}

-estimates for a trilinear pseudo-differential operator with flag symbols,
Indiana Univ. Math. J. 66 2017, 3, 877–900].
More precisely, we will show that the trilinear pseudo-differential operator with flag symbols defined in (1.3) maps from the product of local Hardy spaces to the Lebesgue space, i.e.,

h

p
1

×

h

p
2

×

h

p
3

→

L
p

{h^{p_{1}}\times h^{p_{2}}\times h^{p_{3}}\rightarrow L^{p}}

with

1

p
1

+

1

p
2

+

1

p
3

=

1
p

{\frac{1}{p_{1}}+\frac{1}{p_{2}}+\frac{1}{p_{3}}=\frac{1}{p}}

with

0
<
p
<
∞

{0<p<\infty}

(see Theorem 1.6 and Theorem 1.7).
A common range problem for model spaces
Authors: Mashreghi Javad , Ptak Marek , Ross William T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We refine a result of [J. E. McCarthy,
Common range of co-analytic Toeplitz operators,
J. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 1990, 4, 793–799] and explore the common range of the co-analytic Toeplitz operators on a model space. The tools used to do this also yield information about when one can interpolate with an outer function.
On dynamical input reconstruction in a distributed second order equation
Authors: Osipov Yury S. , Maksimov Vyacheslav I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA second order nonlinear differential equation is considered. An algorithm for reconstructing an input from inaccurate measurements of the solution at discrete times is designed. The algorithm based on the constructions of feedback control theory and theory of ill-posed problems is stable with respect to informational noises and computational errors.
Parameter estimation for a chaotic dynamical system with partial observations
Authors: Zhang Jiantang , Huang Sixun , Cheng Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Parameter estimation in chaotic dynamical systems is an important and practical issue.
Nevertheless, the high-dimensionality and the sensitive dependence on initial conditions typically makes the problem difficult to solve.
In this paper, we propose an innovative parameter estimation approach, utilizing numerical differentiation for observation data preprocessing.
Given plenty of noisy observations on a portion of dependent variables, numerical differentiation allows them and their derivatives to be accurately approximated.
Substituting those approximations into the original system can effectively simplify the parameter estimation problem.
As an example, we consider parameter estimation in the well-known Lorenz model given partial noisy observations.
According to the Lorenz equations, the estimated parameters can be simply given by least squares regression using the approximated functions provided by data preprocessing.
Numerical examples show the effectiveness and accuracy of our method.
We also prove the uniqueness and stability of the solution.
Effect of a standardized patient encounter on first year medical student confidence and satisfaction with telemedicine
Authors: Unrue Emily L. , White Grayson , Cheng Ning , Lindsey Tom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Although the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the use of telemedicine platforms across the country, medical students may lack confidence in their ability to conduct satisfactory patient encounters and practice clinical medicine through telemedicine.

Objectives
To evaluate the role of a standardized patient encounter on first year medical student confidence and satisfaction in using telemedicine.

Methods
One hundred and sixty two first year medical students recruited from Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Carolinas campus were surveyed on their confidence and satisfaction with using telemedicine platforms before and after conducting a patient encounter. Participant confidence and satisfaction were assessed with a five point Likert scale: “not confident,” “a little confident,” “somewhat confident,” “confident,” and “extremely confident.”

Results
Of 162 students, 103 (63.6%) completed the preencounter survey and 74 (45.7%) completed the postencounter survey. Before the standardized patient encounter, 37 participants (35.9%) reported that they were “a little confident” and 20 participants (19.4%) reported that they were “not confident” in their ability to conduct a patient interview using a telemedicine platform. Following the encounter, 24 students (32.4%) reported feeling “somewhat confident”, and 32 (43.2%) reported feeling “confident” in their ability.

Conclusions
Medical students’ confidence and satisfaction with telemedicine improved after a standardized patient telemedicine experience in this study. This experience allowed students to practice the unique skills required for telemedicine. Medical schools might consider adding a telemedicine curriculum and standardized patient experiences in the undergraduate medical setting.
Placebo factors at healing sanctuaries in pagan and early Christian times
Authors: von Ehrenheim Hedvig 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article analyses possible placebo effects that Late Antique religious healing might have had. It focuses on healings believed to have been sent in dreams to worshippers, both in pagan and Early Christian tradition. It also investigates how possible placebo effects might have served to propagate and spread the particular cults (be it the cult of Asklepios, or the Early Christian cults of martyrs). The paper seeks to integrate modern placebo research with the ancient accounts of healings, answering the following question: is it possible that the placebo effect (above all relief of pain) was activated in ancient times by the same factors as seen in experiments today (e. g. effect of the healer’s persona, ritualized behaviour, and above all belief in the cure)? The scope of the paper is at the end broadened to touch upon the question to what degree ancient religious healing offered a socially well-established method of handling illnesses psychologically and fill the need to act, even if a cure as such was not a probable result.
Julian of Toledo and Don Yllán de Toledo:
Authors: Gerli E. Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exemplum XI of Don Juan Manuel’s Libro del Conde Lucanor (“De lo que contesçió a un deán de Sanctiago con don Yllán, el grand maestro de Toledo”, ca. 1331‒1335) relates the encounter of Don Yllán de Toledo, a learnèd necromancer, and the ambitious Dean of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Exemplum XI is one of the best known and most celebrated stories in the book for its seemingly preternatural turn in the plot’s action and the characters’ visit to the Other World. The article seeks to identify Don Yllán with Archbishop Julian of Toledo (642‒690), author of the Prognosticon futuri saeculi (687), an important theological tract that circulated widely during the Middle Ages and that served as the basis for the doctrine of Purgatory. The Prognosticon contains illustrative anecdotes of dialogs with the dead and journeys to and from the Other World. As such, it endowed Julian with the legendary reputation of necromancer and probably served as inspiration for Don Juan Manuel’s Exemplum XI of El Conde Lucanor.