bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading through paradox in a COVID‐19 world: Human resources comes of age
Authors: Collings David G. , Nyberg Anthony J. , Wright Patrick M. , McMackin John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is unprecedented. At an organisational level, the crisis has been hugely disruptive, complex and fraught with ambiguity for leaders. The crisis is fundamentally a human one, making human resource (HR) leaders central in enabling organisations to manage through and ultimately exit the crisis successfully. We apply a paradox lens to understand the HR leadership challenges posed by the COVID‐19 crisis. We argue that how the HR function responds to the challenges of the crisis and its role in mapping the exit route from the crisis are likely to shape the trajectory of the function for decades to come. The pandemic creates an unprecedented opportunity to elevate the status of the HR function in organisations where it has struggled to gain status and to reinforce the influence of the function in those where it already enjoys legitimacy. The value of this is likely to be reflected in more sustainable performance through the alignment of people and purpose and balancing the short and long term objectives of the organisation.
Liver and serum adiponectin levels in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mavilia Marianna G. , Wu George Y. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveAdiponectin is an adipokine that has anti‐steatotic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic effects. The impact of these different activities impact on the development and progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate both liver and serum adiponectin levels in patients with and without NAFLD and determine any clinical correlations.MethodsLiver tissue and serum samples were collected from patients undergoing liver biopsy between April 2014 and July 2020, and categorized based on histopathological diagnosis into hepatic steatosis (HS), non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatitis control (HC). A Luminex xMAP assay was performed on both liver and serum samples to measure adiponectin levels. Statistical analysis compared liver adiponectin (LA) and serum adiponectin (SA) levels between groups.ResultsA total of 48 participants were included in the analysis. The mean LA level was lowest in the HS group, followed by the NASH group and the HC group (P = 0.036). The mean SA level was 3.61 μg/mL for the NAFLD group and was significantly lower than that in the HC (7.51 μg/mL; P = 0.001).ConclusionAdiponectin levels are lower in NAFLD compared to HC in both serum and liver tissue. LA levels in patients with HS were significantly lower than in both the NASH and HC groups, suggesting that adiponectin is related to inflammation in the liver and probably reflects its role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Long‐term outcomes of high‐dose (74 GyE) proton beam therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for stage III nonsmall‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Ohnishi Kayoko , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Nakazawa Kensuke , Shiozawa Toshihiro , Mori Yutaro , Nakamura Masatoshi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sekine Ikuo , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of high‐dose (74 GyE) proton beam therapy (PBT) with concurrent chemotherapy for stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsBetween July 2007 and March 2018, 45 patients with stage III NSCLC were treated with passive‐scattering PBT of 74 GyE and concurrent chemotherapy. Among the 45 patients, the median age was 62 years (range 39–79 years) and 32 patients were men. The clinical stages were stage IIIA in 14 patients and stage IIIB in 31 patients. Thirty‐six patients received chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and vinorelbine.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 42.1 months (range 6.4–127.0 months) for all patients and 63.5 months (range 9.4–127.0 months) for the 12 survivors. The 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 63.7% and 38.8%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 49.1 months. Over the follow‐up period, disease recurrence was observed in 32 (71%) patients. The 3‐ and 5‐year progression‐free survival rates were 22.2% and 17.7%, respectively, with a median progression‐free survival of 13.1 months. In‐field control improved survival and the in‐field control rate was better in patients with T0–3 tumors (p = 0.023) and stage IIIA/IIIB‐N3 disease (p = 0.030). Dosimetric parameters of the heart and lung were not associated with survival. No grade 4 or 5 acute or late non‐hematologic toxicities were observed.ConclusionsPassive‐scattering PBT of 74 GyE with chemotherapy showed favorable survival and a low incidence of severe adverse events in patients with stage III NSCLC.
Antioxidant effect of Elamipretide on bull's sperm cells during freezing/thawing process
Authors: Kowalczyk Alicja , Czerniawska Piątkowska Ewa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpermatozoa are subjected to drastic changes in temperature, ice crystal formation, and diverse types of stresses (chemical, physical, osmotic, and oxidative) during the cryopreservation process, which severely compromise sperm quality and fertility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of Elamipretide in the cryopreservation of bull's spermatozoa.Materials and methodsThe study included 36 healthy Simmental bulls with an average age of 2 ± 0.5 years housed individually in pens. Two ejaculates were collected from each bull using an artificial vagina at 7 a.m. Subsequently, the semen was extended with animal protein‐free commercial BIOXcell® extender (IMV Technologies) to a final concentration of 160 × 106 spermatozoa/ml, and rated in terms of motile sperm percentage, progressive motility, viability, and morphological abnormality of spermatozoa. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability, were selected for the experiment. The fresh semen was then divided into five equal fractions. The first fraction was left for the control group (without Elamipretide), to the next were added in succession 0.1; 1; 5; and 10 μM of Elamipretide TFA (Trifluoroacetic) (MedChemExpress). After that semen was subjected to freezing and thawing. Next semen was assessed for motility, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and acrosome integrity, and antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, MDA).ResultsIt has been shown that a concentration of 5 and 10 μM proved to be the most effective in terms of tested parameters of the quality of sperm cells subjected to cryopreservation.ConclusionIn conclusion, addition of the Elamipretide to the cryopreservation extender significantly improved frozen‐thawed sperm cells quality and their function. The results of this study indicate that Elamipretide can be used as a cryoprotective agent to protect cells against the devastating effects of oxidative stress and increasing sperm survival after cryopreservation.
Characterization of macular choroid in normal‐tension glaucoma: a swept‐source optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Wang Yu Meng , Hui Vivian W. K. , Shi Jian , Wong Mandy O. M. , Chan Poemen P. , Chan Noel , Lai Isabel , Cheung Carol Y. , Tham Clement C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the features of the small‐to‐medium (choriocapillaris and Sattler’s layer) and large (Haller’s layer) sized vessel layers of the macular choroid in normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) patients using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT).MethodsWe conducted an observational cross‐sectional study in 234 NTG eyes from 134 patients, and 203 normal eyes from 109 non‐glaucomatous control subjects. We used Image J to segment the choroidal layer and then a Python script to measure the average macular choroidal thickness (MCT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) of two vessel layers at five different locations. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at macular region were also measured by a customized MATLAB program. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were performed to determine ocular and demographic factors associated with the choroidal metrics, adjusting for inter‐eye correlation.ResultsSignificant average MCT thinning was found in NTG eyes at all five locations of the two layers, in comparison with controls (all p ≤ 0.05). In addition, compared with control eyes, significant decrease in CVI was found in NTG eyes at all five sections of the large sized vessel layer: 500 µm nasal and temporal to macula (p = 0.002), 1500 µm nasal (p < 0.001), 2500 µm nasal (p = 0.001), 1500 µm temporal (p < 0.001) and 2500 µm temporal (p = 0.004). In contrast, no significant CVI difference was detected in the small‐to‐medium sized vessel layer. In the comparison of OCTA metrics of SCP and DCP at macular region between NTG and normal eyes, there were no significant difference of parafoveal vessel density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity and fractal dimension (FD) in both layers.ConclusionWe found significant alterations in macular choroidal vascularity (reduced CVI and thinner layer) in NTG patients. Such alterations are more pronounced in the Haller’s layer, rather than the choriocapillaris & Sattler’s layer, in NTG. Choroidal layer may be more related to vasculature changes at macular region in NTG.
The impact of changed treatment patterns in multiple myeloma on health‐care utilisation and costs, myeloma complications, and survival: A population‐based comparison between two time periods in Denmark
Authors: Hannig Louise Hur , Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , Ibsen Rikke , Arnheim‐Dahlström Lisen , Kjellberg Jakob , Abildgaard Niels 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate health‐care utilisation and costs, myeloma complications and survival in Danish patients with multiple myeloma (MM) before and after implementation of new early‐line treatments in 2009.MethodsBased on data from the Danish National Health Registers, 3518 patients diagnosed with MM during 2002‐2005 or 2010‐2013 and randomly matched control individuals were identified, and health‐care utilisation and costs were estimated.ResultsHealth‐care utilisation showed a marked shift from inpatient admissions towards outpatient visits. From early to late period, the mean annual number of outpatient visits increased by 22% and 28% in patients <65 years and ≥65 years, respectively. Additionally, the mean annual outpatient service costs increased correspondingly from 17 001€ to 23 643€ in younger patients and from 11 317€ to 16 144€ in the elderly. Increasing outpatient costs were outbalanced by lower inpatient admission costs and the adjusted total mean annual costs decreased in younger patients, probably partly due to fewer myeloma complications. The five‐year survival rates increased markedly in both younger (HR = 0.51) and elderly (HR = 0.69) patients.ConclusionDespite the introduction of new expensive early‐line MM treatments in 2009, health‐care costs remained stable due to a shift in health‐care utilisation towards outpatient clinic care and fewer complications.
The role of intolerance of uncertainty in the acquisition and extinction of reward
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Biagi Nicolo , Lonsdorf Tina B. , Andreatta Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndividuals, who score high in self‐reported intolerance of uncertainty (IU), tend to find uncertainty anxiety‐provoking. IU has been reliably associated with disrupted threat extinction. However, it is unclear whether IU would be related to disrupted extinction to other arousing stimuli that are not threatening (i.e., rewarding). We addressed this question by conducting a Pavlovian reward conditioning task with acquisition and extinction training phases (n = 58). In the Pavlovian reward conditioning task, we recorded liking ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and corrugator supercilii activity (i.e., brow muscle indicative or negative and positive affect) to learned reward (CS+) and neutral (CS−) cues. Typical patterns of reward acquisition and extinction training were observed for liking ratings. There was evidence for conditioning in SCR during the extinction training phase but not the acquisition training phase. However, no evidence of conditioning in either the acquisition or extinction training phase was observed for the corrugator supercilii. IU was not related to any measures during the acquisition or extinction training phases. Taken together, these results suggest that the current Pavlovian reward conditioning task was not sufficient for eliciting a reliable conditioned reward response, and therefore, further research with optimized reward conditioning designs are required to test whether IU‐related deficits occur during the extinction of reward.
GEVI cell‐type specific labelling and a manifold learning approach provide evidence for lateral inhibition at the population level in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area
Authors: Nakajima Ryuichi , Laskaris Nikolaos , Rhee Jun Kyu , Baker Bradley J. , Kosmidis Efstratios K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe CA1 area in the mammalian hippocampus is essential for spatial learning. Pyramidal cells are the hippocampus output neurons and their activities are regulated by inhibition exerted by a diversified population of interneurons. Lateral inhibition has been suggested as the mechanism enabling the reconfiguration of pyramidal cell assembly activity observed during spatial learning tasks in rodents. However, lateral inhibition in the CA1 lacks the overwhelming evidence reported in other hippocampal areas such as the CA3 and the dentate gyrus. The use of genetically encoded voltage indicators and fast optical recordings permits the construction of cell‐type specific response maps of neuronal activity. Here, we labelled mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons with the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight and optically recorded their response to Schaffer Collaterals stimulation in vitro. By undertaking a manifold learning approach, we report a hyperpolarization‐dominated area focused in the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells receiving late excitatory synaptic input. Functional network organization metrics revealed that information transfer was higher in this area. The localized hyperpolarization disappeared when GABAA receptors were pharmacologically blocked. This is the first report where the spatiotemporal pattern of lateral inhibition is visualized in the CA1 by expressing a genetically encoded voltage indicator selectively in principal neurons. Our analysis suggests a fundamental role of lateral inhibition in CA1 information processing.
Estimating macropore parameters for HYDRUS using a meta‐model
Authors: Faúndez Urbina Carlos Alberto , van Dam Jos , Tang Darell , Gooren Harm , Ritsema Coen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe vertical change in the number of macropores causes a variation of the relative macroporosity (wf) and the effective aggregate width (dag) over the soil profile. Both parameters are used in HYDRUS to represent this variation, increasing the number of parameters and making automated calibration challenging. The working hypothesis is that we can improve an analytical estimation of wf and dag developed in previous research by inverse estimation with a meta‐model for HYDRUS 2D/3D, using disk infiltrometer data of infiltration at zero pressure head. We generate a meta‐model that describes the vertical heterogeneity of the macropore number with a general function using four parameters: the relative macroporosity at the soil surface (wfs), the effective macropore radius (rm), the maximum depth of macropores (zmax) and the shape parameter of the wf curve (m). The meta‐model computes the variation of wf and dag over depth, thus reducing the parameters for automated calibration with HYDRUS. We theoretically described how to directly obtain the meta‐model parameters with disk infiltrometer data, providing an example for field conditions. A complete parametrization of matrix and macropore parameters for HYDRUS 2D/3D was generated from these data and previous studies, which were updated by automated calibration. Only wfs was calibrated, increasing by about ~3.5 times the initial measurement. We tied several macropore parameters to wfs during calibration by their physical or mathematical relations. This methodology can be utilized to estimate HYDRUS parameters for risk assessment or detailed plot studies.Highlights
A meta‐model to estimate macropore parameters for HYDRUS 2D/3D is presented.
The meta‐model reduces the number of macropore parameters for HYDRUS 2D/3D.
Initial estimations of meta‐model parameters are obtained by disk infiltrometer.
The parameters were updated through calibration with HYDRUS 2D/3D.
Preferential flow is predicted by a two‐dimensional model.
Subthalamic beta band suppression reflects effective neuromodulation in chronic recordings
Authors: Feldmann Lucia K. , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Krause Patricia , Lofredi Roxanne , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeBiomarkers for future adaptive deep brain stimulation still need evaluation in clinical routine. Here, we aimed to assess stimulation‐induced modulation of beta‐band activity and clinical symptoms in a Parkinson's disease patient during chronic neuronal sensing using a novel implantable pulse generator.MethodsSubthalamic activity was recorded OFF and ON medication during a stepwise increase of stimulation amplitude. Off‐line fast fourier transfom ‐based analysis of beta‐band activity was correlated with motor performance rated from blinded videos.ResultsThe stepwise increase of stimulation amplitude resulted in decreased beta oscillatory activity and improvement of bradykinesia. Mean low beta‐band (13–20 Hz) activity correlated significantly with bradykinesia (ρ = 0.662, p < 0.01).ConclusionsMotor improvement is reflected in reduced subthalamic beta‐band activity in Parkinson's disease, supporting beta activity as a reliable biomarker. The novel PERCEPT neurostimulator enables chronic neuronal sensing in clinical routine. Our findings pave the way for a personalized precision‐medicine approach to neurostimulation.
“Want to come play with me?” Outlier subgroup discovery on spatio‐temporal interactions
Authors: Centeio Jorge Carolina , Atzmueller Martin , Heravi Behzad M. , Gibson Jenny L. , Rossetti Rosaldo J. F. , Rebelo de Sá Cláudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur lives are made of social interactions which can be recorded through personal gadgets as well as sensors capturing ubiquitous and social data. This type of data, such as spatio‐temporal data from the real‐time location of people, for example, can then be used for inferring interactions which can be translated into behavioural patterns. In this paper, we consider the automatic discovery of exceptional social behaviour from spatio‐temporal interaction data, focusing on two areas: exceptional subgroups and spatio‐temporal outliers – both in the form of descriptive patterns. For that, we propose a method for exceptional social behaviour discovery, combining subgroup discovery and network science methods for identifying behaviour that deviates from the norm. We also propose the use of two outlier detection metrics for identifying outliers, namely the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and the Voronoi area. We applied the proposed method on synthetic data as well as two real datasets containing location data from children playing in the school playground. Our results indicate that this is a valid approach which is able to obtain meaningful knowledge from the data.
Invasive crayfish outperform Potamonautid crabs at higher temperatures
Authors: Madzivanzira Takudzwa C. , South Josie , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Data on ecological impacts of freshwater crayfish invasions in Africa are scarce but invasion history suggests the likelihood of negative implications for biodiversity.

To evaluate the potential for ecological impacts we describe the consumer‐resource dynamics of two established crayfish species (Cherax quadricarinatus and Procambarus clarkii) in comparison with the native trophic analogue, the freshwater crab Potamonautes perlatus preying upon Clarias gariepinus fry using comparative functional responses (FRs) and FR ratio (FRR). Experiments were conducted under dark and light conditions as well as low (19°C) and high (28°C) temperature treatments.

All three species exhibited potentially population destabilising Type II (hyperbolic) FRs towards prey, which was significantly higher in the dark than in the light. At low temperatures, P. perlatus exhibited the highest maximum feeding estimate although the FR curve was not significantly different from C. quadricarinatus at the highest prey densities. Both crayfish species had higher attack rates at both temperatures and consumed significantly more prey at the high temperature than P. perlatus. The FRR of both crayfish species at the high temperature treatment was higher than that of P. perlatus due to high attack rate and low handling parameters.

At 19°C, P. perlatus had a higher or negligible relative FR magnitude compared to P. clarkii and C. quadricarinatus respectively, which suggests some degree of biotic resistance at this temperature; however, this resistance is decreased at 28°C. Cherax quadricarinatus consistently had disruptive FR parameters across both temperatures.

Findings from this study represent an important step towards understanding the impacts of crayfish in Africa for public authorities and environmental managers. The two invasive crayfish species have the potential to exert greater per capita impacts on benthic prey communities in invaded systems as shown by their high FRs and FRRs. Furthermore, C. quadricarinatus is an emerging invader globally and our results provide evidence of potential for negative ecological impact regardless of thermal conditions. African countries and their respective environmental managers should therefore maximise efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of these invaders to conserve native biodiversity.