bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventative Compositions of Azadirachta indica Against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: DeJesus Kaitlin 
Published: June 2021

As of 2018, there are over 7.8 billion people in the world. With an increase in population, it does not guarantee an increase of resources (de Oliveira et al. 2014; Chan, Tong, and Ng 2016). There are currently less than 3% of direct‐farming in the United States alone. With an advance in medicine, technology, and intake of new information, we can help stabilize the economy with our all in one products such as genetically modified organisms like BT corn where it contains its own pesticides to void away any creatures but still look ripe and delicious for the customer. With increase population and new advancements comes with new discoveries such as viruses, bacteria, and overall pathogens. (Agtmaal et al. 2017; Tümen et al. 2018; de Oliveira et al. 2014)Fusarium oxysporum, a soil‐borne fungus that is best known for causing Fusarium wilt disease to many agricultural crops such as bananas, onions, peas, potatoes and tomatoes. Essential oils have beneficial ingredients that contain antibacterial, antifungal, and protective coating properties that aid in the process of shielding plants from these plant pathogens. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. has been shown to have less mycelial growth when the topical use of Azadirachta indica essential oil is used (Aznar et al. 2015; Díaz‐Cruz and Cassone 2018). Azadirachta indica or the common name, Neem Oil, is a native of south‐eastern Asia, mainly cultivated in Indian subcontinent and used for the development of industrial products(Mohanty, Raghavendra, and Prasad Dash 2008; El‐Khatib, Ali, and El‐Mohamedy 2017).This could positively impact society by providing more information regarding in understanding plant pathogens and to use essential oils like A. indica as a topical treatment against the growth of fungal infections. The need to test various concentrations of A. indica oil when exposed to Fusarium oxysporum, will help population to understand and adapt which concentrations are best against plant pathogens.The experiment was ran through different combinations of neem oil, surfactant, and water to prevent the growth of 1 cm discs of Fusarium oxysporum. Results showed a negative correlation of fungal growth and neem oil where the higher concentration of neem oil, the less mycelial growth from Fusarium oxysporum. The effectiveness of neem oil against the fungi that causes Fusarium wilt effects the life span of agricultural crops.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Comparison of T Cell Immune Response to Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in “Dirty” and Inbred Mice
Authors: Yocky Alyssa 
Published: June 2021

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpes virus that is estimated to infect roughly half of the population of the United States and has been shown to cause congenital birth defects as well as disease in AIDs patients and immunocompromised patients. Due to this, extensive research has been done in mice using its ortholog, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Although many breakthroughs have been made, the transfer of data over from the laboratory into human studies has proven difficult. Here, we examine the use of “dirty” mice as an alternative for laboratory mice as models of the human immune system. We injected “dirty” mice from the pet store and inbred laboratory mice with MCMV and measured the T cell immune response. Using flow cytometry, we quantified levels of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD25+) and activated helper T cells (CD4+CD25+) in the blood. We observed that there was no significant difference in the circulating levels of CD8+CD25+ or CD4+CD25+ T cells between dirty mice and clean mice 3 days after viral infection. In contrast, 9 days after viral infection, we observed significantly (p<0.05) higher percentages of CD8+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+ in dirty mice than in clean. These results show that dirty mice have significantly greater immune response that more closely mirrors the human immune system than inbred mice do. This suggests that dirty mice could be a more viable option for modeling the human immune system response to viral infection than our current mouse models.Support or Funding InformationFort Lewis CollegeThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effect of Quorum Sensing by Staphylococcus epidermis on Blood Meal Choice in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Smith Ashley A. , Hechtel Laura J. 
Published: June 2021

Female mosquitoes utilize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elicited from the host in order to determine host preference. These VOCs include metabolites produced directly by the host or altered by the skin microflora and from products of bacterial quorum sensing. This research examined what bacterial density is required for quorum sensing to elicit enough VOCs that can be utilized for host selection in mosquitoes. The treehole mosquito, Aedes aegypti was used in a series of blood meal assays where females were given the choice of feeding on an artificial membrane with varying concentrations of Staphylococcus epidermis vs a control where only the medium was present on the artificial membrane. The number of females on the experimental or control artificial membranes were counted and recorded every minute. Blood meal preference was determined by finding the difference between the # of females on the experimental membrane vs. control membrane and then dividing by the total number of females observed. Results indicate that there is a positive correlation between bacterial concentration and mosquito blood meal preference. Female mosquitoes showed a high preference for blood meals where bacterial concentrations were greater than 106 CFU's. Since quorum sensing is utilized by bacteria typically at higher densities only, this research seems to indicate that VOCs produced through quorum sensing are utilized by mosquitoes in host selection. This research also supports differences among human host preferences in mosquitoes and may help to find alternatives to the use of insect‐repellents such as DEET.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Association of Anatomists (AAA)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Circulating exosomes of long non‐coding RNA DANCR correlated to prognosis of Hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shu‐Chi , Tu Wen‐Yu , Hsieh Meng‐Hsuan , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of major etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HCC is a highly prevalent and deadly cancer because of high risks of recurrence and/or metastasis. Identification of potential prognostic markers and/or target molecules could help in the preventing and managing HCV‐related HCC after the success of DAA treatment. Extracellular exosomes contain numerous signaling molecules including lncRNAs and play an important role in intercellular communication. To develop of liquid biopsy for prognostic markers of Hepatitis C Virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection, we determined DANCR expression level in circulating exosomes. Total exosomes were extracted from 200 μL of serum by exosome precipitation solution and quantification DANCR by qPCR analysis. Results indicates exosomes DANCR levels was significantly higher among HCV‐related HCC patients with post‐resection recurrence than those without. Higher versus low exosomes DANCR with cut‐off at −7.5dCt [lncDANCR‐U6]) could predict HCV‐HCC recurrence (area under curve: 0.83). The 5‐y cumulative incidence of recurrence and mortality was 90.0% and 37.7%, respectively, among patients with higher exosomes DANCR, compared to 39.5% and 20.6%, respectively, among those with lower exosomes DANCR with harzard ratio (CI) of 3.8 (2.52–5.84) and 2.2 (1.29–3.89), respectively, by Cox regression model. The diagnostic power for HCC recurrence among HCV‐HCC patients was better with exosomes DANCR than with hepatic tumor DANCR or Tumor/Non‐tumor DANCR ratio. By knockdown or overexpression of DANCR in JFHlo (long‐term HCV‐infectious) cell models, we observed that increased DANCR enhanced cell migration and invasion ability by regulating mesenchymal‐associated β‐catenin expression. In this study, we demonstrated that circulating exosomes lnc‐DANCR could serve as a liquid biopsy for prognostic biomarker of HCC recurrence after surgical resection for HCV‐HCC.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hepatocyte‐specific YAP deletion suppresses hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly induced by CAR agonist, TCPOBOP (1,4‐Bis [2‐(3,5‐Dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene), in mice
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Banerjee Swati , Stoops John W. , Mars Wendy M. , Orr Anne , Bowen William C. , Paranjpe Shirish , Michalopoulos George K. 
Published: June 2021

TCPOBOP (1,4‐Bis [2‐(3,5‐Dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene) is a direct ligand of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), which induces robust hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly in mice without any liver injury or tissue loss. Organ size including that of liver is known to be tightly controlled by transcriptional regulator, yes‐associated protein (YAP). Recent studies have indicated potential interaction of CAR and YAP. Here, we directly investigated role of YAP in TCPOBOP‐induced proliferative response using hepatocyte‐specific YAP‐KO strategy. Hepatocyte‐specific YAP deletion was achieved by administering AAV8‐TBG‐CRE vector to YAP‐floxed mice. TCBOPOP treatment in control mice caused rapid activation and nuclear translocation of YAP along with decreased phosphorylation (inactive form) of YAP concomitant to proliferative response. YAP deletion neither altered protein expression of CAR nor its activation. However, YAP deletion significantly reduced TCPOBOP‐induced hepatomegaly and hepatocyte proliferation. TCPOBOP‐driven cell cycle activation was disrupted in YAP‐KO mice due to impaired protein and gene expression of cyclin D1 and decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. YAP regulated these cell cycle proteins via alerting expression of cMyc and FOXM1, two critical transcriptional regulators of TCPOBOP‐mediated hepatocyte proliferation. In conclusion, our study revealed an important role of YAP signaling in hepatomegaly and hepatocyte proliferation induced by TCPOBOP.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Determining the opioid sensitivity of projections from the Kölliker‐Fuse to respiratory rhythm generators
Authors: Bateman Jordan T , Levitt Erica S 
Published: June 2021

Opioid‐induced respiratory suppression is the primary cause of death in individuals who overdose on opioids, but the mechanism remains elusive. Mu opioid receptor agonists have been shown to hyperpolarize a population of neurons in the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KF) due to activation of G protein‐mediated inwardly rectifying (GIRK) conductance (Levitt et al., J Physiol, 2015). The KF, required for normal eupneic breathing, adjusts respiratory rhythm and rate by modulating respiratory rhythm generators. Given the interconnectivity of the KF and respiratory rhythm generators, we hypothesize that KF neurons projecting to respiratory rhythm generators are opioid‐sensitive and thus a possible mechanism by which opioids reduce respiratory rate. The goal of these experiments was to determine if opioid‐sensitive KF neurons project to respiratory rhythm generators. Fluorescent beads (FluoSpheres 580/605, ThermoFisher) were injected into respiratory rhythm generators, including pre‐Bötzinger complex (preBötC) and post‐inspiratory complex (PiCo), of mice. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings were made from retrograde‐labeled neurons in the KF. Mu opioid receptor‐mediated outward currents were identified in KF neurons that project to the preBötC. Therefore, opioid‐sensitive connections between the KF and respiratory rhythm generators may be involved in opioid‐induced respiratory suppression.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH grant DA038069.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Sex Differences in Behavioral Strategies are Accompanied by Differences in Accumbal Dopamine Release
Authors: Johnson Amy , Brady Lillian , Thibeault Kimberly , Lopez Alberto , Kutlu Munir Gunes , Calipari Erin 
Published: June 2021

While preclinical work has aimed to outline the neural mechanisms of drug addiction, it has overwhelmingly focused on male subjects. There has been a push in recent years to incorporate females into existing addiction models; however, males and females often have different behavioral strategies, making it important to not only include females, but to develop models that assess the factors that comprise female drug addiction. Although both males and females become addicted to cocaine, females transition to addiction faster, consume more cocaine, and have greater difficulty remaining abstinent. Clinical work shows that women also exhibit increased cue‐induced craving for cocaine, indicating that sex differences in cocaine addiction may not solely be due to reinforcing effects of cocaine and may include complicated interactions with drug‐associated stimuli. Here we define the circuit‐based mechanisms by which females exhibit enhanced vulnerability to cocaine addiction. By combining fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry, optogenetics, and drug self‐administration we link pathway‐specific dopamine signaling to the motivational state of females over the estrous cycle. We find that female mice are more motivated to take cocaine, and are more responsive to cocaine‐associated cues. Female mice also respond differently than males for optical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens dopamine neurons. We link these changes to differences in dopamine release as well as the relationship between releasable pools and available calcium over the estrous cycle. These data suggest that several factors could be playing a role in sex differences in addiction and provide a mechanism by which the estrous cycle can modulate dopamine release which may produce long‐lasting effects on cues, cue learning, and drug‐taking behavior.Support or Funding InformationFunding was provided by startup funds from Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology (E.S.C), as well as funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Funds from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) DA042111(E.S.C), National Insitute of Mental Health (NIMH) MH064913 (K.C.T) & MH065215‐15 (A.R.J), the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (to E.S.C), Whitehall Foundation (to E.S.C), Edward J Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation (to E.S.C) also supported this work.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Activation of TAAR1 attenuates extended access of cocaine self‐administration and stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking
Authors: Liu Jian‐Feng , Johnson Bernard , Seaman Robert , Wu Ruyan , Zhang Yanan , Li Jun‐Xu 
Published: June 2021

Trace amine‐associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is the best‐characterized sub‐family of receptors of trace amines. As a modulator of dopaminergic system, TAAR1 has been shown to play a critical role in regulating the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse such as cocaine. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that TAAR1 agonists were able to reduce cocaine intake and cue‐ and drug‐induced reinstatements of cocaine‐seeking under short‐access conditions. However, compared to the extended access of cocaine self‐administration model, the short‐access model could not mimic some core properties of addiction, such as escalation, compulsive motivation, and incubation of cocaine‐seeking. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether activation of TAAR1 would affect stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking. Here, we investigated the effects of TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 on the extended access of cocaine self‐administration. We also assessed the effects of the selective TAAR1 full agonist RO5166017 on the yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking. We found that the TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 attenuated the escalation, break point, and cue‐seeking behavior in the extended access of cocaine self‐administration model. We also found that RO5166017 reduced yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking and yohimbine‐potentiated cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, indicating that activation of TAAR1 decreased the stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking. Taken together, our results suggest that TAAR1 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Institute of Health Grants R21‐DA033426.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Response‐Contingent and Non‐Contingent Drug History on the Development of High Levels of MDPV Self‐Administration
Authors: Doyle Michelle R , DeSantis Rachel E , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C , Collins Gregory T 
Published: June 2021

A subset of rats that self‐administer synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), develop high levels of drug intake and compulsive‐like patterns of responding that may be related to the compulsive, binge‐like patterns of cathinone (e.g., “bath salts”) use reported in humans. Once this “high‐responder” phenotype is established, it transfers to other stimulants; however, a prior history of responding for cocaine, but not food, has been shown to prevent or delay the development of this phenotype. These findings suggested that cocaine produces neuroplastic changes that can prevent or delay the transition to high levels of MDPV intake. The present studies aimed to evaluate whether 1) response contingent and non‐contingent cocaine histories are equally effective at preventing high levels of MDPV intake; and 2) response contingent and non‐contingent MDPV histories are sufficient to establish the high‐responder phenotype in rats self‐administering cocaine. Four groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to initially receive MDPV or cocaine in a response contingent or non‐contingent manner using a “yoked” self‐administration paradigm under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule (i.e., response contingent drug infusions delivered to rat A were paired with non‐contingent infusions of the same drug to rat B). After 20 sessions of this yoked MDPV or cocaine self‐administration procedure (10 sessions at FR1, 10 sessions at FR5), all rats were allowed to self‐administer the alternate drug under an FR5 schedule for an additional 20 sessions (e.g. both cocaine groups now self‐administered MDPV). Subsequently, full FR5 dose response curves were generated by dose substitution. These studies found that, unlike response‐contingent cocaine delivery, non‐contingent cocaine is unable to prevent the development of high levels of MDPV self‐administration. Additionally, non‐contingent MDPV is not sufficient to establish high levels of cocaine intake. These results suggest that the contingencies surrounding drug delivery are important for both establishing and preventing the high‐responder phenotype, indicating that both a behavioral and pharmacological history may be important for the transition from regulated to compulsive patterns of drug intake.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH/NIDA grant (R01 DA039146; GTC), NIDA‐ and NIAAA‐IRPs (KCR), and NIH Predoctoral Training Program in the Neurosciences (T32 NS082145; MRD).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Pharmacokinetic, Cardiovascular and Locomotor Effects of alpha‐Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha‐PVP) in Male Sprague Dawley Rats after Active Vaccination
Authors: McClenahan Samantha J , Kormos Chad M , Mu Shengyu , Hambuchen Michael D , Carroll Ivy F , Owens S Michael 
Published: June 2021

Alpha‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha‐PVP) is a psychoactive synthetic cathinone that elicits pharmacological effects similar to methamphetamine and cocaine and at high doses can produce psychosis, cardiovascular toxicity, and death. The goal for these studies was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of alpha‐PVP and test an active vaccine for treating alpha‐PVP‐induced effects. The hapten‐protein conjugate vaccine was developed from an alpha‐PVP/MDPV‐like hapten structure capable of generating high affinity antibodies that significantly cross react with both alpha‐PVP and 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Previous studies showed the bi‐specific vaccine could significantly reduce locomotor effects of MDPV. For the current studies, we hypothesized that treatment with this vaccine could stimulate production of high affinity antibodies against alpha‐PVP capable of altering the PK disposition and attenuating the cardiovascular and locomotor effects of alpha‐PVP. The hapten was conjugated to immunocyanin monomers of keyhole limpet hemocyanin, mixed with Sigma Adjuvant System, and used to immunize male Sprague Dawley rats (n=6/group) at 0, 3, and 9 weeks. Pharmacological testing occurred between 12–26 weeks from the start of immunizations. For the PK studies, three doses of alpha‐PVP (0.56, 1, and 3 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously (sc) to control and vaccinated rats (n=6/group/dose); and tail vein blood samples were collected over time. PK values of alpha‐PVP showed linear PK with a half‐life of 1.7 h in controls and a significant (p<0.05) treatment‐dependent difference in the area under the alpha‐PVP concentration time curve between control and vaccinated rats. In a separate group of rats (n=5–6/group), cardiovascular parameters recorded by radiotelemetry showed a significantly lower area under the heart rate and blood pressure time curves after 0.56, 1 and 3 mg/kg alpha‐PVP in vaccinated rats compared to controls. Finally, locomotor studies of control and vaccinated rats (n=6/group) were conducted using a series of increasing doses of alpha‐PVP (0.3–5.6 mg/kg, sc, 2 days apart). The immunized rats displayed significantly lower alpha‐PVP‐induced locomotor activity and a significantly shorter duration of action compared to controls. In conclusion, alpha‐PVP has linear PK in control rats, and active vaccination with a bi‐specific conjugate vaccine significantly increased the binding of alpha‐PVP in the serum and reduced alpha‐PVP‐induced cardiovascular and locomotor effects compared to controls.Support or Funding InformationFunded by NIDA grants DA039195 and F31 DA046121, and T32 GM106999This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.