bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worms and submersed macrophytes reduce methane release and increase nutrient removal in organic sediments
Authors: Benelli Sara , Bartoli Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic sediments are greenhouse gas and nutrient hotspots. They may display lower methane (CH4) emissions and increase nutrient retention when macrophytes and macrofauna are present, due to oxygen leakage from roots and bioirrigation. We tested this hypothesis via incubations of microcosms reproducing four treatments: bare sediment, sediment with oligochaetes, sediment with macrophytes, and sediment with both organisms. Along a 12‐d experiment, CH4 ebullition in bare sediment (470 ± 13 mmol m−2) decreased by 67%, 88%, and 97% in the presence of plants, oligochaetes, and both organisms, respectively. Oligochaetes increased N2 production by ~ 200 mmol N m−2 and nitrate consumption by a factor of 4, whereas macrophytes reduced nitrogen losses by ~ 65 mmol N m−2. All treatments acted as phosphate sink. Results suggest that the maintenance of vegetation and associated macrofauna in organic sediments promotes their combined ecosystem services, resulting in significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission and nutrient release to the water column.
Electrically Driven Tunable Broadband Polarization States via Active Metasurfaces Based on Joule‐Heat‐Induced Phase Transition of Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Shu Fang‐Zhou , Wang Jia‐Nan , Peng Ru‐Wen , Xiong Bo , Fan Ren‐Hao , Gao Ya‐Jun , Liu Yongmin , Qi Dong‐Xiang , Wang Mu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBroadband tuning of polarization states is pivotal yet challenging in modern photonics technologies, especially for miniaturized or integrated systems. Metasurfaces potentially provide an effective approach to resolve this challenge. However, once a metadevice is fabricated, its functionalities are determined, and it is hard to actively tune the polarization states. Here, the electrically tunable broadband polarization states by combining phase‐change material (vanadium dioxide) and dispersion‐free metasurface are demonstrated for the first time. The polarization states are modulated through the electrically driven, Joule‐heat‐induced phase transition of vanadium dioxide, where the output polarization state can be continuously tuned from horizontal one to vertical one, or from circular polarization to linear polarization. With accurate on‐chip control of the phase transition, continuous and reversible modulation of polarization is verified in a scanning display. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept demonstration for dynamically independent control of multiple polarization display is carried out. Different images are produced by applying electrical currents in N separate channels to generate a dynamic multiplexing polarization display with 2N encoding states. Such an active metasurface can be readily integrated with electronics and has potential applications in display, encryption, camouflage, and information processing.
The Italian open data meteorological portal: MISTRAL
Authors: Bottazzi Michele , Scipione Gabriella , Marras Gian Franco , Trotta Giuseppe , D'Antonio Mattia , Chiavarini Beatrice , Caroli Cinzia , Montanari Margherita , Bassini Sanzio , Gascón Estíbaliz , Hewson Timothy , Montani Andrea , Cesari Davide , Minguzzi Enrico , Paccagnella Tiziana , Pelosini Renata , Bertolotto Paolo , Monaco Luca , Forconi Martina , Giovannini Luca , Cacciamani Carlo , Passeri Luca Delli , Pieralice Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt the national level, in Italy, observational and forecast data are collected by various public bodies and are often kept in various small, heterogeneous and non‐interoperable repositories, released under different licenses, thus limiting the usability for external users. In this context, MISTRAL (the Meteo Italian SupercompuTing PoRtAL) was launched as the first Italian meteorological open data portal, with the aim of promoting the reuse of meteorological data sets available at national level coverage. The MISTRAL portal provides (and archives) meteorological data from various observation networks, both public and private, and forecast data that are generated and post‐processed within the Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling‐Limited Area Model Italia (COSMO‐LAMI) agreement using high performance computing (HPC) facilities. Also incorporated is the Italy Flash Flood use case, implemented with the collaboration of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which exploits cutting edge advances in HPC‐based post‐processing of ensemble precipitation forecasts, for different model resolutions, and applies those to deliver novel blended‐resolution forecasts specifically for Italy. Finally, in addition to providing architectures for the acquisition and display of observational data, MISTRAL also delivers an interactive system for visualizing forecast data of different resolutions as superimposed multi‐layer maps.
Family caregivers of rare disease: A survey on health‐related quality of life in family caregivers for Gaucher disease patients in China
Authors: Xu Jiao , Bao Han , Qi Xinye , Wang Jiahui , Yin Hang , Shang Chunyang , Tan Rachel Leeyin , Wu Qunhong , Huang Weidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRare diseases affect the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients and their family caregivers (FCs). However, limited evidence is available on the HRQoL of FCs of patients with Gaucher disease (GD). This study aimed to assess HRQoL and related factors among FCs of patients with GD in China.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted with 49 FCs recruited by convenience sampling. Participants completed the Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Zung's Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Multi‐dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Herth Hope Index, and a questionnaire about FCs’ and patients’ sociodemographic characteristics. Single‐sample t tests, one‐way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data analysis.ResultsParticipating FCs had significantly lower scores in all eight SF‐36 domains compared with the general population in China (p < 0.01). FCs’ gender, education, daily care time, anxiety, and the perceived disease severity of patients were significant predictors of SF‐36 physical component summary scores. Caregiving help from others, anxiety, perceived disease severity, and medical insurance type were significant predictors of SF‐36 mental component summary scores.ConclusionThe findings showed FCs of patients with GD had lower HRQoL. There is an urgent need to address the health concerns of FCs of people with rare diseases including their HRQoL.
Admittance‐inverter‐based two‐section filtering power divider with OVER 40‐dB output isolation
Authors: Shen Guangxu , Che Wenquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn admittance‐inverter‐based two‐section topology is proposed for filtering power dividers in this article aiming at high and wideband output isolation. Different from the classic two‐section Wilkinson power dividers, the bulky quarter‐wave transmission lines are removed and replaced by using two pairs of admittance inverters, which are realized by the input external quality factor (Qe‐in) and coupling coefficient (k12), respectively. Since the electric size of these coupling effects (Qe‐in and k12) are negligible, a significant size reduction is easily realized. In addition, two isolation elements are added between the input resonators and the output ones, respectively. Two‐prefect absorption points are accordingly realized in |S23|, indicating wider and higher output isolation compared with the reported designs using one isolation element. For demonstration, one two‐section filtering power divider is designed and fabricated. The circuit size is only 0.009λg2, while the output isolation exceeds 41.5 dB over the passband.
Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with musculoskeletal pain among older men: Preliminary evidence for central sensitization as a mechanism?
Authors: Senders Angela , Bauer Scott R , Chen Yiyi , Oken Barry , Fink Howard A , Lane Nancy E , Sajadi Kamran P , Marshall Lynn M , for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group  
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsFeatures of central sensitization (CS) are present in almost all chronic pain conditions, including painful urinary conditions and back pain. Recently CS was proposed as a mechanism of nonpainful lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Using musculoskeletal pain as an indicator of CS, we investigated whether the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is greater among community‐dwelling men with moderate or severe LUTS compared to those with mild LUTS.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 5966 men ≥65 years who attended the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study baseline visit. LUTS were assessed with the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA‐SI) and categorized as none/mild (0–7), moderate (8–19), or severe (≥20). Self‐reported back, neck, hip, or knee pain within the 12 months before baseline was categorized as any pain and multilocation pain. We tested our hypothesis using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated from multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsThe adjusted odds of any pain were higher among men with moderate (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.29–1.72) and severe LUTS (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.28–2.40) compared to those with no/mild LUTS. The adjusted odds of pain at ≥ 2 locations were 69% higher among men with moderate (OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.45–196) and more than double among men with severe LUTS (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62–3.10) compared to men with no/mild LUTS.ConclusionsMusculoskeletal pain, especially at multiple locations, is associated with greater LUTS severity among older men. CS may represent a novel shared mechanism of pain and LUTS.
Outcomes of Pregnancy During Immunotherapy Treatment for Cancer: Analysis of Clinical Trials Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute
Authors: Mittra Arjun , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Murray James H. , Finnigan Shanda , Kwak-Kim Joanne , Ivy S. Percy , Chen Alice P. , Sharon Elad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite expanding indications for immunotherapeutic agents, there is limited understanding about their clinical effects on pregnancy outcomes. Generally, pregnant patients with cancer are excluded from clinical trials, and inadvertent pregnancies on trial result in patients being taken off because of concerns for fetal toxicity. To answer this question of pregnancy outcomes on immunotherapy-based trials, we performed a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP)-Adverse Event Reporting System for unexpected pregnancies during NCI-CTEP–sponsored immunotherapy clinical trials between 2011 and 2020. We identified nine female patients who had unexpected pregnancies, of whom seven chose to take their pregnancies to term. All seven pregnancies resulted in vaginal births of apparently normal infants. This is the first report of pregnancy outcomes in multiple female patients exposed to immunotherapy. Our data suggest the need for further research to better evaluate and define contraception recommendations during immunotherapy treatment for cancer.
Results with Floxuridine, Actinomycin D, Etoposide, and Vincristine in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasias with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Scores ≥5
Authors: Li Yuan , Kong Yujia , Wan Xirun , Feng Fengzhi , Ren Tong , Zhao Jun , Yang Junjun , Xiang Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
5-fluorouracil-based multiagent chemotherapy has been used as the primary treatment for high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in China for a few decades. This study aims to assess the efficacy and toxicity of floxuridine, actinomycin D, etoposide, and vincristine (FAEV) as a primary treatment for patients with GTN who had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scores ≥5.

Materials and Methods
A total of 207 patients with GTN who had FIGO scores ≥5 were treated with FAEV as first-line chemotherapy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2002 and December 2017. Complete remission (CR), resistance, survival, toxicity, and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.

Results
Of the 207 patients treated with FAEV, 9 (4.3%) required a change of chemotherapy owing to toxicity and 1 (0.5%) died of cerebral hernia 5 weeks after commencing treatment. The remaining 197 patients were assessable to determine the response to FAEV; among them, 168 (85.3%) achieved CR with FAEV and 29 (14.7%) developed resistance to FAEV. The 5-year overall survival rate of the entire cohort was 97.4%. Grade 3–4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia occurred in 28.4%, 6.8%, and 6.2% of cycles, respectively. No acute toxicity-related deaths occurred. Five patients developed acute myeloid leukemia 10–50 months after exposure to chemotherapy; another patient developed duodenal cancer 2 years after completing therapy. Sixty-one patients who preserved fertility wanted to become pregnant; 56 of them conceived.

Conclusion
The FAEV regimen is an effective primary treatment for patients with GTN who have FIGO scores ≥5 and has predictable and manageable toxicity.

Implications for Practice
The most commonly used multiagent chemotherapy for high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is etoposide, methotrexate and actinomycin D/cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA/CO) worldwide. However, 5-fluorouracil-based multiagent chemotherapy has been used as a primary treatment for high-risk GTN in China for a few decades. This study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of floxuridine, actinomycin D, etoposide, and vincristine (FAEV) as a primary treatment for patients with GTN who have International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scores ≥5. The study's data demonstrated that FAEV as a primary treatment achieved favorable outcomes for patients with FIGO scores ≥5. Toxicities that result from the FAEV regimen are predictable and manageable. The FAEV regimen may provide another option for the treatment of GTN.
New trends in nanofibers functionalization and recent applications in wastewater treatment
Authors: Zamel Doaa , Khan Atta Ullah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, nanofibers got great attention towards industry due to their unique properties, which make them convenient for many applications. Nanostructured materials were reported as the most significant materials because of their large surface area, porosity, and cost‐effectiveness. There are various methods to prepare nanofibers; however, the most effective technique is electrospinning, which is widely used nowadays. Depending on composite materials for nanofibers, preparation is a good advantage for expanding the fiber's mechanical and thermal properties. Recent researches focused on bicomponent and tricomponent materials for nanofibers preparation among these materials were polymers regarding their high molecular weight and ability to be spun with good mechanical strength fibers. Furthermore, the functionalization of nanofibers furnishes them with new characteristics and that enriches their capability for different applications. Functionalization can be performed by nanoparticles or microorganisms, which are recently reported. The combination of other materials with nanofibers increases their applicability characteristics and let them suitable for different disciplines. Currently, nanofibers gained a lot of trust from researchers and industry men to depend on inside many factories for wastewater treatment as they proved their excellent efficiency in pollutants removal at low cost. This review discusses the possible ways of nanofibers preparation, functionalization, and possible applications in wastewater treatment and highlights the importance of functionalization of these nanofibers to be more convenient in wastewater treatment applications.
Diagnostic testing after positive results on cell free DNA screening: CVS or Amnio?
Authors: Mardy Anne H , Norton Mary E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe positive predictive values of cell free DNA (cfDNA) and rates of confined placental mosaicism (CPM), imprinting and other factors vary by chromosome.MethodsWe sought to review the literature for each of these features for each chromosome and provide recommendations on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) versus amniocentesis after an abnormal cfDNA result.ResultsFor chromosomes with high rates of CPM (trisomy 13, monosomy X and rare autosomal trisomies [RATs]), an amniocentesis should be considered if the first trimester ultrasound is normal. For monosomy X on cfDNA with an unaffected fetus, maternal karyotyping should be considered after normal fetal diagnostic testing. In cfDNA cases with a trisomy involving a chromosome with imprinted genes (6, 7, 11, 14, 15 and 20), CVS should be considered, followed by amniocentesis if abnormal. If the fetus is unaffected, methylation studies should be considered given the risk of uniparental disomy. A third trimester growth ultrasound should be considered for patients with a positive cfDNA screen for a RAT and an unaffected fetus, especially in the case of trisomy 16. For patients with multiple aneuploidy results on cfDNA, a work‐up for maternal malignancy should be considered.ConclusionsClinicians should consider rates of CPM, imprinting, ultrasound findings and maternal factors when considering whether to recommend amniocentesis or CVS after an abnormal cfDNA result.
Comparison of the anticancer effects between helium plasma jets and electrochemical treatment (EChT)
Authors: Liu Dingxin , Wang Zifeng , Chen Zeyu , Xu Dehui , Chen Min , Chen Jinkun , Zhu Mengying , Zhang Hao , Wang Xiaohua , Kong Michael G. , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma, a promising technology for cancer therapy, can simultaneously induce electrochemistry, which has been widely demonstrated to be effective against cancer. Herein, the anticancer effects of direct current plasma jets and electrochemical circuit are comparatively studied with similar topological structures and average currents. The cell inactivation patterns formed by plasma and electrochemical treatment (EChT) are disparate, and the inactivation is mainly caused by the emission of charged species, helium flow, in situ OH radical production, or local alkalization. The culture medium treated by EChT exerted no sustained anticancer effect, whereas the medium treated by plasma could maintain a strong effect due to the production of more reactive species, suggesting that the electrochemistry does not dominate the plasma inactivation of cancer cells.
Inadequacies in the SES–Achievement model: Evidence from PISA and other studies
Authors: Marks Gary N. , O'Connell Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudents’ socioeconomic status (SES) is central to much research and policy deliberation on educational inequalities. However, the SES model is under severe stress for several reasons. SES is an ill‐defined concept, unlike parental education or family income. SES measures are frequently based on proxy reports from students; these are generally unreliable, sometimes endogenous to student achievement, only low to moderately intercorrelated, and exhibit low comparability across countries and over time. There are many explanations for SES inequalities in education, none of which achieves consensus among research and policy communities. SES has only moderate effects on student achievement, and its effects are especially weak when considering prior achievement, an important and relevant predictor. SES effects are substantially reduced when considering parent ability, which is causally prior to family SES. The alternative cognitive ability/genetic transmission model has far greater explanatory power; it provides logical and compelling explanations for a wide range of empirical findings from student achievement studies. The inadequacies of the SES model are hindering knowledge accumulation about student performance and the development of successful policies.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis review was written in response to the disconnect between the literature surrounding student achievement studies, and the cognitive psychology and behavioural genetic academic literatures. It is well‐established that student achievement is closely related to cognitive ability and both have sizable genetic components, findings largely ignored in achievement studies. This review’s aim is for more considered responses to socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement by both researchers and policymakers.Why the new findings matterThe review provides overwhelming evidence that much of the current thinking about SES and student achievement is mistaken.Implications for researchers and policymakersThe current emphasis on SES is misleading and wastes considerable human and financial resources that could much better be utilized. The focus should be on student performance ensuring that low achievers have rewarding educational and occupational careers, and raising the overall skill levels of students, not on the nebulous, difficult to measure, concept of SES, which is only moderately associated with achievement.
Mechanical Stimulation after Centrifuge‐Free Nano‐Electroporative Transfection Is Efficient and Maintains Long‐Term T Cell Functionalities
Authors: Tay Andy , Melosh Nicholas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransfection is an essential step in genetic engineering and cell therapies. While a number of non‐viral micro‐ and nano‐technologies have been developed to deliver DNA plasmids into the cell cytoplasm, one of the most challenging and least efficient steps is DNA transport to and expression in the nucleus. Here, the magnetic nano‐electro‐injection (MagNEI) platform is described which makes use of oscillatory mechanical stimulation after cytoplasmic delivery with high aspect‐ratio nano‐structures to achieve stable (>2 weeks) net transfection efficiency (efficiency × viability) of 50% in primary human T cells. This is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the highest net efficiency reported for primary T cells using a centrifuge‐free, non‐viral transfection method, in the absence of cell selection, and with a clinically relevant cargo size (>12 kbp). Wireless mechanical stimulation downregulates the expression of microtubule motor protein gene, KIF2A, which increases local DNA concentration near the nuclei, resulting in enhanced DNA transfection. Magnetic forces also accelerate membrane repair by promoting actin cytoskeletal remodeling which preserves key biological attributes including cell proliferation and gene expressions. These results demonstrate MagNEI as a powerful non‐viral transfection technique for progress toward fully closed, end‐to‐end T cell manufacturing with less human labor, lower production cost, and shorter delay.
Intercalation Strategy in 2D Materials for Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Li Zexin , Li Dongyan , Wang Haoyun , Chen Ping , Pi Lejing , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntercalation is an effective approach to tune the physical and chemical properties of 2D materials due to their abundant van der Waals gaps that can host high‐density intercalated guest matters. This approach has been widely employed to modulate the optical, electrical, and photoelectrical properties of 2D materials for their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Thus it is necessary to review the recent progress of the intercalation strategy in 2D materials and their applications in devices. Herein, various intercalation strategies and the novel properties of the intercalated 2D materials as well as their applications in electronics and optoelectronics are summarized. In the end, the development tendency of this promising approach for 2D materials is also outlined.