bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gender-Climate-Injustice Nexus
Authors: Parr Adrian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist critiques of the institutionalized system of gender-climate-injustice operating across the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental spheres. In its consideration of the gendered impacts of climate change, it discusses the forces of violence, injustice, and inequity, which are at the core of the gender-climate-injustice nexus. It reflects on the meaning and possibility of a feminist climate change politics that works within the gender-climate-injustice nexus. Combining Judith Butler, Nancy Fraser, Chandra Mohanty, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, I argue for the importance of using feminist theory and a gendered perspective when assessing the variegated and uneven impacts climate change is, and will continue producing.
Critical Race Theory, Intersectionality, and Feminist Philosophy
Authors: Cisneros Natalie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with critical race theory, reflection on examples of important contributions to this discussion, and current and future directions in feminist critical race theory. In particular, it focuses on feminist philosophy’s engagement with intersectionality as the most productive site of the field’s engagement with critical race theory. The chapter discusses the meaning of intersectionality and the importance of understanding the concept not only in terms of the field of critical race theory but also as a philosophical contribution of the Black feminist intellectual tradition. The chapter explores how Black feminist philosophers and other feminist philosophers of color have resisted the move towards operational intersectionality and opened productive, liberatory ways forward for intersectional work within feminist philosophy as a critical practice rooted in the lived experiences of women of color.
FeminisT Phenomenology
Authors: Weiss Gail 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter charts the field-defining contributions to feminist phenomenology made by Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Marion Young, Sandra Lee Bartky, and Judith Butler and discusses how their work has been influenced by, critically intervened in, and transformed traditional phenomenology. Drawing on their work as well as the recent work of contemporary feminist phenomenologists such as Lisa Guenther, Sara Ahmed, Linda Martín Alcoff, Mariana Ortega, and Gayle Salamon, the chapter emphasizes that feminist phenomenology is a critical phenomenology. Not only does it directly engage specific social and political issues, eschewing the alleged universality and value-neutrality of traditional phenomenological accounts, but it is also in dialogue with, and immeasurably enriched by the multi- and interdisciplinary fields of critical race theory, prison studies, trans studies, queer theory, and disability studies.
Eating Local: A philosophical toolbox
Authors: Borghini Andrea , Piras Nicola , Serini Beatrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEating local food has become a mainstream proxy for virtue and a reliable model of sustainable dieting. It suffers, nonetheless, from genuine criticisms and limitations. In this paper, we suggest theoretical amendments to reorient the local food movement and turn eating local into a robust concept—comprehensive, coherent, and inclusive, affording a firm grip over structural aspects of the food chain. We develop our argument in three parts. The first contends that ‘local’ can be said of lots of entities (e.g. whole or multi-ingredient foods, recipes, menus) and that its meaning varies depending on which entities are under consideration. The second examines three dimensions of being local: the distance from the place of production; the geographical origins; the social links to consumers and producers. The third presents our robust conception of eating local, grounded on a more realistic model that accommodates for heterogeneous and complex actors.
Contribution of heavy neutrinos to decay of standard-model-like Higgs boson →μτ in a 3-3-1 model with additional gauge singlets
Authors: Hung H T , Tham N T , Hieu T T , Hang N T T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the framework of the improved version of the 3-3-1 models with right-handed neutrinos, which are added to the Majorana neutrinos as new gauge singlets, the recent experimental neutrino oscillation data is completely explained through the inverse seesaw mechanism. We show that the major contributions to $Br(\mu\rightarrow e\gamma)$ are derived from corrections at one-loop order of heavy neutrinos and bosons. But, these contributions are sometimes mutually destructive, creating regions of parametric spaces where the experimental limits of $Br(\mu\rightarrow e\gamma)$ are satisfied. In these regions, we find that $Br(\tau\rightarrow \mu\gamma)$ can achieve values of $10 ^{- 10}$ and $Br(\tau\rightarrow e\gamma)$ may even reach values of $10 ^{- 9}$, very close to the upper bound of the current experimental limits. Those are ideal areas to study lepton-flavor-violating decays of the standard-model-like Higgs boson ($h_1^0$). We also point out that the contributions of heavy neutrinos play an important role in changing $Br(h_1^0\rightarrow \mu\tau)$; this is presented through different forms of mass mixing matrices ($M_R$) of heavy neutrinos. When $M_R \sim \mathrm{diag}(1,1,1)$, $Br(h_1^0\rightarrow \mu\tau)$ can attain a greater value than in the cases $M_R \sim \mathrm{diag}(1,2,3)$ and $M_R \sim \mathrm{diag}(3,2,1)$; the largest that $Br(h_1^0\rightarrow \mu\tau)$ can reach is very close $10 ^{-3}$.
Shoulder-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Use in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An Assessment of Reliability, Construct Validity, and Overall Appropriateness of Test Score Interpretation Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Eden Melissa M , Kunze Katie L , Galantino Mary Lou , Kolber Morey J , Cheng M Samuel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity and overall appropriateness of test score interpretation of 4 shoulder-related patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures for use in a population of patients with head and neck cancer using Rasch analysis.

Methods
One hundred eighty-two individuals who had received a neck dissection procedure within the past 2 weeks to 18 months were recruited for this cross-sectional psychometric study. Rasch methodologies were used to investigate scale dimensionality, scale hierarchy, response scale structure, and reliability of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), QuickDASH, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII).

Results
DASH did not meet criteria for unidimensionality and was deemed inappropriate for use in this sample. The QuickDASH, SPADI, and NDII were all determined to be unidimensional. All scales had varying issues with person and item misfit, differential item functioning, coverage of ability levels, and optimal rating scale requirements. The NDII met most requirements. All measures were found to meet thresholds for person and item separation as well as reliability statistics.

Conclusions
Rasch analysis indicates the NDII is the most appropriate measure studied for this population. The QuickDASH and SPADI are recommended with reservation, whereas the DASH is not recommended.

Impact
This study demonstrates the use of objective methodologies, using Rasch analysis, to validate PRO recommendations provided by clinical experts in forums such as the Evaluation Database to Guide Effectiveness (EDGE) TaskForce, which are based upon a comprehensive literature review, consideration of published psychometric properties, and expert consensus. Use of Rasch methodologies demonstrates weaknesses in this model and provides opportunities to strengthen recommendations for clinicians.
Central Vestibular Functions Correlate With Fatigue and Walking Capacity in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cochrane Graham D , Christy Jennifer B , Motl Robert W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveImbalance and fatigue are among the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vestibular rehabilitation studies demonstrate not only improvements in balance but fatigue also, suggesting a relationship between central vestibular integration and fatigue. The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between balance and fatigue in people with MS is seen between other measures of central vestibular integration and fatigue and to understand how central vestibular integration measures interrelate.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 40 people with MS (age = 27–55 years, Expanded Disability Severity Scale score = 1.0–6.5) who completed vestibular ocular reflex testing, subjective visual vertical testing, static posturography, dynamic gait, 2 self-report fatigue surveys, and a 6-Minute Walk Test to assess walking capacity/physical fatigue was completed. Spearman correlations were calculated between variables.ResultsMeasures of central vestibular integration were significantly correlated with measures of fatigue and walking capacity and with each other. The correlations between physical fatigue and central vestibular functions were larger than self-reported fatigue correlations with central vestibular functions.ConclusionThe relationship between balance and fatigue extends to other measures requiring central vestibular integration, suggesting a deficit in central vestibular processing in people with MS. These measures may compliment balance assessment as outcome measures for vestibular rehabilitation in people with MS. Fatigue measures should be included in vestibular rehabilitation as secondary outcomes.ImpactCorrelations between central vestibular integration and fatigue in people with MS suggest that future studies of vestibular rehabilitation should include fatigue, as a secondary outcome measure as vestibular function and fatigue may share similar a similar etiology in people with MS.
Characteristics and reproducibility of novel sleep EEG biomarkers and their variation with sleep apnea and insomnia in a large community-based cohort
Authors: Younes Magdy , Azarbarzin Ali , Reid Michelle , Mazzotti Diego R , Redline Susan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesNew electroencephalogram (EEG) features became available for use in polysomnography and have shown promise in early studies. They include a continuous index of sleep depth (odds-ratio-product: ORP), agreement between right and left sleep depth (R/L coefficient), dynamics of sleep recovery following arousals (ORP-9), general EEG amplification (EEG Power), alpha intrusion and arousal intensity. This study was undertaken to establish ranges and reproducibility of these features in subjects with different demographics and clinical status.MethodsWe utilized data from the two phases of the Sleep-Heart-Health-Study (SHHS1 and SHHS2). Polysomnograms of 5,804 subjects from SHHS1 were scored to determine the above features. Feature values were segregated according to clinical status of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, insomnia plus OSA, no clinical sleep disorder, and demographics (age, gender, and race). Results from SHHS visit2 were compared with SHHS1 results.ResultsAll features varied widely among clinical groups and demographics. Relative to participants with no sleep disorder, wake ORP was higher in participants reporting insomnia symptoms and lower in those with OSA (p &lt; 0.0001 for both), reflecting opposite changes in sleep pressure, while NREM ORP was higher in both insomnia and OSA (p&lt;0.0001), reflecting lighter sleep in both groups. There were significant associations with age, gender, and race. EEG Power, and REM ORP were highly reproducible across the two studies (ICC &gt; 0.75).ConclusionsThe reported results serve as bases for interpreting studies that utilize novel sleep EEG biomarkers and identify characteristic EEG changes that vary with age, gender and may help distinguish insomnia from OSA.
Phylogeny, migration and geographic range size evolution ofAnaxdragonflies (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae)
Authors: Clement Rebecca A , Saxton Natalie A , Standring Samantha , Arnold Preston R , Johnson K Kaihileipihamekeola , Bybee David R , Bybee Seth M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe genus Anax is a group of cosmopolitan dragonflies noted for its conspicuous migratory behaviours and large size. Here we present the first dated, species-level, multigene, molecular phylogeny for the group to test generic and species-limits, as well as the evolution of migration and range size. Using five mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions (COI, COI/COII, CYTB/ND1, ITS1 and PRMT) from 20 species, we reconstructed a phylogeny of Anax using both a Bayesian and maximum likelihood approach. We found that Anax (including its hypothesized sister group Hemianax) forms a monophyletic group, and that 12 out of 20 species tested positive for monophyly were also monophyletic. The monophyly of several species of Anax is less clear. Migratory behaviour, which is known to occur in at least nine species, is recovered as the ancestral behaviour, which was lost and subsequently gained at least three times. Geographic range size seems to be tightly associated with migratory behaviour.
Plant Age Influences Microbiome Communities More Than Plant Compartment in Greenhouse-Grown Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Doherty Joseph R. , Crouch Jo Anne , Roberts Joseph A. 
Published: June 2021

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is widely used in golf course settings for its desirable playing surface characteristics; however, it is highly susceptible to diseases that can disrupt surface integrity and cause significant losses despite preventative management. Understanding the influence of early plant growth and basic management practices on microbiome communities are crucial first steps to developing future efforts to harness the microbiome for plant health. This study investigated bacterial and fungal communities of creeping bentgrass foliage and rhizosphere through 6 months postemergence under a controlled environment to elucidate microbiome community dynamics in response to plant age. We hypothesized that plant compartments will host distinct community structures and exhibit different responses to plant age. Our results showed that predominant bacterial phyla and fungal classes remain consistent across time and plant compartment. However, genus-level classification revealed that bacterial taxa differed across plant compartment while fungal taxa remained consistent. Host influence over the microbiome manifests quickly, with the largest shift in both microbial communities occurring between emergence and 2 months postemergence. For example, Burkholderia and Penicillium spp. were present at high relative abundance at emergence but, by 2 months postemergence, both taxa decreased significantly. Bacterial communities continued to experience significant fluctuation in rare taxa from 2 months postemergence onward, while fungal community structure was driven by the fluctuation of the most common taxa. These results highlight the connection between plant age and microbial community structure in creeping bentgrass in addition to underscoring future research efforts in creeping bentgrass microbiome manipulation for plant health. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Physical Mechanisms Create and Loop the Embryonic Heart
Authors: Taber Larry 
Published: June 2021

The morphogenetic mechanisms that drive heart early development are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role played by physical forces in formation and looping of the heart tube. The work involved integrating experiments on chick embryos with computational models based on the fundamental laws of mechanics.For decades, it was commonly thought that the bilateral heart fields in the early embryo fold directly toward the midline, where they meet and fuse to form the primitive heart tube. Recent studies have challenged this view, however, suggesting that the heart fields fold in a diagonal pattern that carries their cranial aspects toward the midline. Our experiments and models suggest that differential anisotropic growth between mesoderm and endoderm drives diagonal folding to simultaneously create both the heart tube and foregut. Then, contraction along the anterior intestinal portal generates tension that elongates both structures.After the heart tube forms, it begins to loop to create the basic pattern of the mature heart. During the first phase of looping (c‐looping), the heart tube bends and twists into a c‐shaped tube. First, we created cylindrical finite‐element models to simulate the bending process in isolated hearts. With the number of free parameters reduced as much as possible, numerical distributions of mechanical stress and strain were compared to those measured in cultured chick hearts. The results show that published patterns of hypertrophic growth yield results that agree reasonably well with the trends in our data. Next, we extended our model to include realistic 3D geometry and the effects of external loads, including those exerted by the omphalomesenteric veins at the caudal end of the heart tube and splanchnopleuric membrane against the ventral surface. The bending and torsional behaviors of the model are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data from both control and perturbed embryos, suggesting that a combination of differential growth and external loads drives cardiac c‐looping.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by NIH grants R01 GM075200, R01 HL083393, and R01 NS070918.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Modeling Adult‐Onset Neurodegenerative Disorders with Human Neurons through Direct Neuronal Reprogramming
Authors: Yoo Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Studying late‐onset neurodegenerative disorders using human neurons remains a challenging task due to the inaccessibility of live neurons from the affected patients. Neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have limited potential to recapitulate cellular processes that occur in aged neurons as the induction of pluripotency resets the cellular age to an embryonic/fetal stage. The ability to generate human neurons that reflect the mature adult state will thus provide a powerful platform to investigate adult‐onset disorders. Brain‐enriched microRNAs (miRNAs), miR‐9/9* and miR‐124 (miR‐9/9*‐124) can function as potent cell fate regulators that can direct cell fate conversion (reprogramming) of non‐neural human somatic cells to neurons. When ectopically expressed in human adult fibroblasts, miR‐9/9*‐124 target multiple components of chromatin modifiers inducing an extensive reconfiguration of the chromatin landscape while erasing the fibroblast fate and promoting the neuronal identity. The miR‐9/9*‐124‐induced state becomes poised to receive inputs from additional subtype‐defining transcription factors (TFs), allowing the generation of specific neuronal subtypes including cortical, striatal, and spinal cord motor neurons. Importantly, for modeling adult‐onset disorders, we found that directly converted neurons preserve the age‐associated epigenetic memory reflecting the age signature of fibroblast donors. We have applied the neuronal conversion method specific for striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the primary cell target that undergoes neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) in fibroblasts of HD patients (HD‐MSNs). We found that HD‐MSNs manifested hallmarks of adult‐onset HD including the aggregation of Huntingtin protein, increased DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and spontaneous neuronal death in culture. Collectively, our studies demonstrate the potent activity of microRNAs as cell fate regulators and its utility to generate a patient‐derived cellular platform to model adult‐onset neurodegenerative diseases.Support or Funding InformationAndrew B and Virginia C. Craig Faculty Fellowship Endowment, Farrell Fund, Cure Alzheimer's Fund (CAF), Mallinckrodt Scholar Award, NIA (RF1AG056296), and NINDH (1R01NS107488)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Clinical Translation of Computed Tomography in Zoos and Gross Anatomic Interpretation
Authors: Hostnik Eric T. , Adkesson Michael J 
Published: June 2021

The clinical use of computed tomography in veterinary medicine has been an upward trend since its initial installment. The cross‐sectional imaging modality was previously isolated to large referral clinics and academic hospitals. The novelty of the tomographic tool has transitioned into a staple for advanced medical care. Research using computed tomography in the clinical setting for small animal medicine grows yearly. Comfort with the interpretation of hundreds to thousands of serial images for cats and dogs is becoming more commonplace and routine, especially with new generations of American College of Veterinary Radiology specialists that train for years with computed tomography. The new frontier for cross‐sectional computed tomographic imaging is the expansion into the world of non‐domestic zoo species.Computed tomography is becoming a popular tool of the small animal radiologist. In the hospital setting, dogs/cats are tranquilized with sedation or general anesthesia providing a compliant patient for rapid image acquisition of standardized protocols. Reviewing multiple animals of the same species each day enables a consistent systematic approach. However, species diversity and evolution are among the largest challenges to a veterinary radiologist working in the zoo setting. Unique, species‐specific adaptations in a diverse collection of taxa derail the routine approach to image interpretation. Understanding form and function becomes more important in the zoo field. Zoo computed tomography is a nascent field in radiology with limitless potential for discovery and collaboration between clinical hospitals and academic institutions. This presentation will discuss transitioning an advanced imaging tool into the clinical setting of zoo medicine to aid in overcoming boundaries of shells in turtles, improving the conspicuity of air sacs in penguins, and developing research to build a foundation of clinical anatomy in non‐domestic species.Support or Funding InformationSupport was provided by Barbara Levy Kipper and the Kipper Family Foundation. Special thanks to the animal care and veterinary staff at the Brookfield Zoo.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.