bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of urbanization on the ecological state of soils in the city of Uralsk
Authors: Gumarova Zh M , Gubasheva B E , Sungatkyzy S , Akkereyeva E K , Sarsenbayev A U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The soils of the city of Uralsk are currently experiencing a strong urban impact due to anthropogenic inputs of materials and atmospheric fallout. In this work, urban soils were studied selected in the zone of influence of gas stations, highways, as well as in public gardens and park named after Kirov. The soils of the urban environment are characterized by a special urban-anthropogenic layer, the presence of building and household inclusions and close proximity to communications, therefore, sampling was carried out in a layer of 0-20 cm. The determination of pollutants, heavy metals and oil products was carried out along with the study of biological activity and pH. The biological parameters of urban soils were determined by the rate of decomposition of linen tissue - cellulolytic activity. Measurements for heavy metals, pH and petroleum products were carried out by atomic absorption, fluorimetric and potentiometric methods. The analysis of the territories most susceptible to anthropogenic influences showed the least results in terms of changes in the weight of cellulosic materials, as well as the greatest excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for lead, zinc and cobalt and oil products. The clearly expressed excess testifies to a strong anthropogenic impact and deterioration of the soil condition, despite the occupation of green spaces in the squares named after Zh. Moldagulov, Isatay and Makhambet. At the same time, the soils of the Kirov Park, which are located far from potential sources of pollution and the absence of pollutants, have shown their recreational value in terms of improving the environment. Biological diagnostics of soils based on cellulolytic activity is a quite suitable and reliable indicator in the study of urban soils in the city of Uralsk.
The state of natural grass at the reclamation facility of Ryazan Meschera
Authors: Zakharova O A , Kucher D E , Ushakov R N , Ruchkina A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the geobotanical survey was to analyze the natural grass stand at the Tinki-II drained object within Ryazan Meschera. When monitoring the former forage lands, the methods of Bogolyubov and Kravchenko, Neshtaev and others were used. The meadow survey area had an area of 10,000 m2 and was located near the main canal, a tree belt area, a settlement and an open collector. Earlier monitoring studies revealed the presence of degradation processes in peat soil that has been drained for 65 years, which manifested itself in the form of peat depletion, an increase in density, and the transformation of peat into a humified mass. The local flora dominated with the inclusion of such species as Elytrigia repens, Hypericum perforatum, etc. Plants with frequent occurrence and high Druda abundance (Elytrígia répens and Alopecúrus praténsis) were identified. The association Elytrígetum urtícetosum was highlighted. The entire variety of phytocenosis was grouped into dynamic series of community development: perennial, biennial, and annual grasses, considering their aboveground mass. The prospects for the development of meadow farming are unsatisfactory due to the low level of development of animal husbandry. At controlled facility Tinki-II, only 5 % of the meadow area leased by the Novoselki agricultural holding is now sown
Impact of climate warming on the global biosphere
Authors: Malinin V , Averkiev A , Tsarev V , Istomin E , Petrov Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the interannual variability of the Living Planet Index (LPI) as a quantitative indicator that characterizes the degree of the global ecological crisis and reflects the general state of the global biosphere. The LPI dynamics since 1970 shows a more than twofold decrease in the number of populations of vertebrates. It is shown that such a decrease in LPI is mainly due to global climate warming. Thus, almost 80% of the LPI variability is accounted for by the global air temperature, and only the remaining 20% are associated with anthropogenic activity. A linear trend describes almost 94% of the LPI variability, and a non-linear trend describes 99%. From the linear trend equation it follows that in 2044 the LPI = 0. This means the onset of ecological collapse. However, it is more realistic that the linear decline of LPI ended, the stage of LPI stabilization in the range 0.30-0.40 began.
Comparative analysis of proteomes of bacteria representatives of the genus Bordetella
Authors: Mastilenko A V , Vasilieva Yu B , Kartakaeva S S , Lomakin A A , Grankina A S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of proteomes of poorly studied representatives of genus Bordetella. According to the results of the study, molecular masses of and protein masses of bacteria of genus Bordetella were extracted. In the NCBI system, in accordance with the data obtained by comparing genomes of Bordetella genus, an in-silico analysis of the correspondence of annotated proteomes was performed and the idea was identified by proteome of these species.
Evaluation of the possibility of using propane and hydrofluorolefin group refrigerants as an eco-friendly replacement for R134a in combined heat transformers
Authors: Drozdov M M , Galimova L V , Kuzmin A Yu , Drozdova A O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In connection with the gradual reduction in the use of refrigerants of HFC groups, regulated by the Paris Agreement, its amendments and additions, the question arises of finding environmentally friendly working fluids with high thermodynamic efficiency in the thermal transformer cycle. The article discusses the possibility of using refrigerants from the HFO and propane group as environmentally friendly substitutes for R134a for combined vapor compression thermal transformers. The evaluation of the thermodynamic efficiency of the machines for the joint production of heat and cold, produced on the basis of the entropy method of thermodynamic analysis, is carried out. The results of modeling a single-stage combined heat transformer showed the thermodynamic feasibility of using R290 as a substitute for R134a. The analysis of the results obtained showed the limited possibility of effective use of refrigerants of the HFO group as working bodies of combined heat transformers.
Supplementing the model of the global biogeochemical carbon cycle
Authors: Timofeeva I V , Kustikova M A , Bykovskaia E A , Maiurova A S , Tyurikova E P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article considers possible anthropogenic carbon sources and migration ways that were not previously included in the global biogeochemical cycle. Complementing the carbon cycle model is important for clarifying the scenarios awaiting the Earth.
Estimation and forecasting method of water bodies overgrowth and siltation using geographic information systems on example of Kryukovskoye and Shapsugskoye reservoirs
Authors: Naumenko N O , Fedotova E V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents research on the overgrowth degree of the Shapsugskoye and Kryukovskoye reservoirs. A new estimating and predicting method for water bodies overgrowth and siltation using remote sensing data (RSD) is proposed. As a result, the overgrowth degree of the considered reservoirs was determined from the beginning of their operation to 2019: 93.2% and 47.3% for the Shapsugskoye and Kryukovskoye reservoirs, respectively. A pattern of intensive growth periods of higher aquatic plants was found, according to which a forecast of further water bodies overgrowth was obtained.
Efficient production system as part of sustainable environmental management
Authors: Botantsov I V , Mensah K M , Svarchevsky K G , Sayafarova D D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rational use of natural resources is an integral part of building a production system in conditions of modern limited natural benefits and increasing the value of the quality of the natural environment around man. An efficient production system is at the heart of ensuring rational environmental management and the implementation of the UN’s global goal of ensuring the transition to sustainable consumption and production patterns. The article is aimed at disclosing the concept and potential possibilities of using efficient production systems not only within the framework of environmental preservation, but also within the framework of ensuring the most rational use of state resources when pursuing a policy of import substitution. The authors of the article formulate a conclusion about the current state and prospects of using efficient production systems in the Russian Federation.
Improving the environmental safety of the Russian Federation following the implementation of the national project “Ecology”
Authors: Goncharenko L P , Sybachin S A , Sidorov N V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental problems in the Russian Federation are an object of close attention from the state and scientists. On the territory of the largest state in the world, there are many unique natural complexes that are of great importance not only for the country, but for the entire planet. The article considers the main documents regulating the improvement of the ecological situation at the present stage of the country’s development.
Research of different heating modes of greenhouses
Authors: Osintsev K V , Prikhodko Iu S , Shichkina V S , Akhmetshin D A , Shishkov A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses ways to maintain a microclimate in greenhouse complexes. It is the most important task for growing various crops. The required temperature regime in the greenhouse is maintained according to weather conditions using a water heating system. The article presents an analysis of methods for regulating the consumption of thermal energy to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The review of tendencies in the field of regulation of heat consumption is carried out. The main direction of modernization of the modern system of regulation of heat energy consumption has been formed and considered.
Development of a system for ensuring sustainable power supply to agricultural consumers based on an electronic model
Authors: Belov A V , Popov V M , Ilyin Yu P , Skorodumova N V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In agriculture, single-transformer consumer substations are widely used. Failure of a transformer in such a substation adversely affects the reliability of power supply to agricultural consumers. The most common reason for the failure of consumer transformers (over 50%) is turn-to-turn short circuits in their windings. Therefore, timely diagnostics of turn-to-turn faults in the windings of such transformers is an urgent task. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of rural electrical networks. It is recognized as permissible to carry out diagnostics at idle running of the transformer. Designed with assumptions in mind, the diagnostic device is simple and easy to use. The operation of the device was investigated on an electronic model using the Matlab software package integrated with the design and programming environment based on Simulink models. As a result of research, it was found that the device is efficient and efficient.
Study of a solar air heater with a heat exchanger – accumulator
Authors: Uzakov G N , Shomuratova S M , Toshmamatov B M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors of the work presented a solar air heater for maintaining a constant temperature of heated air in drying plants and in air heating systems. The article discusses an experimental installation of a solar air heater was made and an insulated storage tank with a spiral-type heat exchanger for accumulating heated air was installed, additionally equipped with a hinged reflector parallel to the solar air heater, which is also an additional source of thermal energy of solar radiation, the results of an experimental study of the operating modes of the installation in natural and climatic conditions of Karshi. As a result of experimental studies, a high energy efficiency of a solar air heater was determined in the heating mode of heat carriers (air up to + 65 °C and waste oil up to + 75 °C) in June. The analysis of the heat balance of the developed installation is carried out. The influence of the main heat engineering parameters on the thermal power of the installation is analyzed.
Development of a new approach to the design of a pilot plant for a modified submersible rotating biofilter
Authors: Saied M , Serpokrylov N , Nelidin V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Modified Submersible Rotating Biofilter (MSRB) was developed and patented for the treatment of wastewater from small settlements in Syria. A pilot plant has been developed to study the biological treatment process and its optimal parameters. In this article, on the basis of theoretical studies, a refined design methodology and calculation of the dimensions of the MSRB pilot plant are justified and proposed.
Computational and analytical evaluation of the efficiency of using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine
Authors: Plotnikov L V , Ulman N V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are reasons to look for alternative sources of fuel because of the automobile industry development. Firstly, oil is a mined, not a produced fuel, sooner or later it will run out. According to various statistical sources, known deposits are gradually being depleted. Another important problem is air pollution caused by road transport. Most of the existing cars run on gasoline and diesel engines that burn oil to get the car going. Combustion of hydrocarbons that make up oil releases a large amount of harmful substances, in particular, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. Using hydrogen as an alternative fuel can solve the problem of finding new oil fields, and also, due to the absence of emissions into the atmosphere, it can solve the problem of air pollution. The article presents a brief history of the development of engine building and a description of hydrogen technologies in engines. The article presents a computational and analytical assessment of the efficiency of using hydrogen fuel in an internal combustion engine in relation to the bus fleet of the Yekaterinburg city. It was found that the conversion of a gasoline engine to hydrogen fuel leads to a decrease in specific fuel consumption by 20% (at the nominal mode). It is shown that the payback period for the transfer of 20 buses to hydrogen is about 8 years.
Potential for pipeline transportation of Kuzbass coal
Authors: Murko V I , Chernikova O P , Yuriev A B , Temlyantseva E N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The transition of the world energy sector to a new technological paradigm, combining the growth of energy efficiency of production with the simultaneous search for alternative fuel resources to ensure an improvement in the quality of life of the population and the environmental situation of the host regions, imposes special obligations on the management of coal and energy companies and government bodies associated with the development of resource efficient and energy saving organizational -technical solutions. To solve these problems, not only energy-generating enterprises that are fuel consumers should be transformed, but also their suppliers - mines and open-pit mines, adapting the quality characteristics and sales channels of coal products to the requirements of the time. Within the framework of the research carried out by the team of authors: an analysis of the world practice of using pipeline coal transport was carried out; a proposal was formulated for organizing the transportation of Kuzbass coal in the form of coal-water fuel through pipelines to energy enterprises in Western Siberia and the Eastern Urals, a factor analysis of its implementation was carried out: the advantages of hydro transportation of coal in comparison with its supply by rail were identified, possible risks and disadvantages were assessed.
Understanding cross boundary twin behaviours in AZ31 alloy by a composite Schmid factor
Authors: Huang Q L , Guo C F , Xin R L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is well known that twinning likely nucleates and forms pairs at grain boundaries (GBs) during the formation of hexagonal close-packed alloys. Therefore, the crystallography of GBs should be taken into account to assess the activation preference of twins (and pairs) at GBs. As Schmid factor (SF) is a grain-based parameter, it cannot predict from which GB segment, twinning prefers to nucleate. To solve this problem, recently we proposed a composite Schmid factor (CSF) that incorporates both the SF and a geometric compatibility factor (m’) between twin/slip systems in neighbouring grains. In this presentation, we first summarize the definition and calculation method of this parameter. Then, simultaneous twin nucleation and twin (or slip) stimulated twin behaviour in a twin chain were assessed by this parameter. For comparison, SF and m’ analyses were also performed. The advantages and limitations of this CSF in assessing twin behaviours were discussed.
Texture Evolution During Cold Forming of Rectangular Hollow Section
Authors: Kaijalainen A , Javaheri V , Nousiainen O , Tulonen J , Steen P , Kömi J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work aims to study the effect of cold forming on the texture evolution during the manufacturing of rectangular hollow sections. Conventional TMCP steel and a direct-quenched steel in 420 MPa strength level are compared. The texture was characterized at the centerline (S=0) and both surfaces (S=0.8) for base material, four flat side and one corner samples of the rectangular hollow section. The results show that the flat sides of both steels have the minor intensity of ∼{554}<225> and ∼{112}<110> texture components and an intense texture component of ∼{001}<110> in the centerline. Generally, any significant difference between four flat size samples was not found and texture intensities of the conventional TMCP steel were slightly sharper compared to direct-quenched steel. The most important change is observed with the inner corner samples, where the randomly oriented texture in the base material and flat side samples changes to the {110}<111>/<112> shear texture components.
Crystallographic orientation on raft-like structure developed by tensile deformation in Cu-Fe dual phase alloy sheet
Authors: Koga N. , Tomono S. , Umezawa O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The crystallographic orientation of a raft-like structure developed by tensile deformation in Cu-40 mass % Fe dual phase alloy sheet was investigated. The sheet exhibited Cu and Fe layer structure aligned along the rolling direction (RD). The tensile tests were carried out parallel to the RD. The rearrangement of the layer structure was observed in a necked region, where the layers were distorted and aligned along the normal direction (ND). The layered structure perpendicular to the tensile direction is similar to the raft structure developed by creep deformation in a nickel-based super alloy. The bending of layers in the raft-like structure and shear fracture were detected in the cross-section of the samples. The raft-like structure in Cu-Fe dual phase alloy displayed a specific crystal orientation such as <111>Cu//ND, <101>Cu//RD, <101>Fe//ND, and <111>Fe//Rd. The orientations are matched to those rotated 90 degrees around the transverse direction of the layer structure. Therefore, the bending of the layer structure in a necked part and/or local shear deformation may be responsible for the raft-like structure development in Cu-Fe dual phase alloy.
Suppression of serration of Al-Mg sheet by periodic indentation
Authors: Utsunomiya H , Ochi N , Koshi S , Natori K , Matsumoto R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Al-Mg alloy sheets often exhibit surface defects, e.g., stretcher strain, after sheet metal forming. The surface defects are formed by nonuniform deformation due to the dynamic strain aging where serrations appear on stress-strain curves in tensile test. In order to suppress the nonuniform deformation, the authors propose periodic micro indentation on sheet surface in this study. Four Al-Mg alloy sheets were subjected to the tensile test after the indentation. Strain gauges on specimen surface were used to investigate the evolution of local strain. It is concluded that the periodic indentation can suppress nonuniform deformation.
Recrystallization behaviour of IF steel at the interface of Al junction
Authors: Okuda K , Han K , Kainuma R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The recrystallization behavior of an IF steel was investigated at the interface with aluminum junction, using cold-rolled IF steel sheets with high recrystallization temperature. In the region surrounded by the tongue-like η phase, recrystallization of the steel was fast at first glance, and the equiaxed structure was formed, but actually, it had a subgrain structure. The η phase grew preferentially to the c axis, and the growth of the η-Fe2Al5 phase distorted the surrounding iron due to the difference in the molar volume; compressive deformation was expected in the a-axis and b-axis directions, and tensile deformation was expected in the c-axis. The growth of η phase obviously changed the recrystallization behavior of the IF steel. The development of γ-fiber crystalline texture (<111>/ND), which was a typical recrystallization texture of IF steel, was not observed in the region surrounded by η phase.
Growth of Grains in the Third Orientation in an Inhomogeneous Matrix Consisting of Two Orientation Groups - A Modified Potts–Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Ito Kunio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The growth of a C-grain embedded in the matrix of A-and B-grains has been simulated. A, B, and C denote orientation groups. Boundaries were defined as “specified” if they consisted of A and C grains, else they were defined as “unspecified”. The edges of an embedded grain were named according to component grains as CAA, CAB, and CBB triple lines. The inhomogeneity of the matrix structure was presented as the ratio between their numbers. When the mobility of specified boundary is higher than that of unspecified boundary, the volume fraction of the C-grain increases with grain coarsening, which is affected by the ratio between triple lines. The results suggest that the development of the grain growth texture is affected by the orientation distribution in a specimen and that the influence must be bigger when the mobility of the triple line depends on the combination of relevant grains.
Variant selection during β to α transformation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by Selective Laser Melting printing
Authors: Xiang H. , Kestens L.A.I. , Van Paepegem W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During 3D printing by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of the alloy Ti-6Al-4V, the phase transformation of BCC to HCP is associated with selection of particular crystallographic variants. In the present paper, the distribution of misorientation angle along grain boundaries was investigated by EBSd. It is revealed that the main misorientation pairs were located in the interval between 56° and 66°, which contains three theoretical misorientation angles, i.e. 60.00°, 60.83° and 63.26°. The observed misorientation axis/angle pairs were represented in the Rodrigues–Frank space with a certain tolerance angle, which illustrated clearly the distribution of the observed misorientations around the 5 theoretical values. The main peak of the misorientation pairs was observed for

[

10

5

5

3

]

/

63.26

°

with 43.8% frequency, followed by

1

2

0
]
/

60

°

with 21.8% population, whereas a distribution in the absence of variant selection would have produced values of 18.2% and 36.4%, respectively.