bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keepers of the House: A documentary
Authors: Alexopoulos Evangelia A. , Guinee Emily P. , Stewart Kearsley A. , Brown Candace S. , Gold Deborah T. , Engle Deborah , Talenti Francesca , Klevansky Rhonda , Barfield Raymond , Ross Elizabeth , Prose Neil S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur documentary, Keepers of the House, highlights ways that hospital housekeepers, typically unnoticed care team members, provide emotional support for patients and their families. This film addresses a gap in education by emphasizing the importance of valuing and reflecting on the unique lived experiences of others.ApproachWe created this documentary to expose students to the experiences and perceptions of hospital housekeepers. A focus group with six hospital housekeepers informed an interview script for the film's creation. Nine additional housekeepers were then interviewed, which developed into a 15‐min documentary. Healthcare students and educators from five disciplines viewed the documentary during their institution's Medical Education Day.EvaluationTo expose students and educators to housekeepers' experiences, we designed our post‐viewing survey to address whether the housekeepers' stories impacted their understanding of the role and value of these workers. Viewers were surprised by the depth and breadth of patient–housekeeper interactions, the trauma housekeepers experienced from patient loss and the pride housekeepers take in their work. The stories that touched the viewers varied but centred on connections between housekeepers and patients. Lessons learned focused on recognizing the contributions of unseen team members.ImplicationsThis innovative documentary amplifies the perspectives of voices rarely heard in healthcare. We aim to use this film, alongside its associated learning session, in education and grand round settings to foster discussion around empathy, valuing underrecognised team members and applying these insights in practice. This work can be disseminated to other institutions, further amplifying underrepresented narratives in healthcare.
An Autocatalytic Network Model of Conceptual Change
Authors: Gabora Liane , Beckage Nicole M. , Steel Mike 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn reflexively autocatalytic foodset (RAF)‐generated networks, nodes are not only passive transmitters of activation, but they also actively galvanize, or “catalyze” the synthesis of novel (“foodset‐derived”) nodes from existing ones (the “foodset”). Thus, RAFs are uniquely suited to modeling how new structure grows out of currently available structure, and analyzing phase transitions in potentially very large networks. RAFs have been used to model the origins of evolutionary processes, both biological (the origin of life) and cultural (the origin of cumulative innovation), and may potentially provide an overarching framework that integrates evolutionary and developmental approaches to cognition. Applied to cognition, thefoodsetconsists of information obtained through social learning or individual learning of pre‐existing information, andfoodset‐deriveditems arise through mental operations resulting in new information. Thus, mental representations are not only propagators of spreading activation, but they also trigger the derivation of new mental representations. To illustrate the application of RAF networks in cognitive science, we develop a step‐by‐step process model of conceptual change (i.e., the process by which a child becomes an active participant in cultural evolution), focusing on childrens' mental models of the shape of the Earth. Using results from (Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992), we model different trajectories from the flat Earth model to the spherical Earth model, as well as the impact of other factors, such as pretend play, on cognitive development. As RAFs increase in size and number, they begin to merge, bridging previously compartmentalized knowledge, and get subsumed by a giant RAF (the maxRAF) that constrains and enables the scaffolding of new conceptual structure. At this point, the cognitive network becomes self‐sustaining and self‐organizing. The child can reliably frame new knowledge and experiences in terms of previous ones, and engage in recursive representational redescription and abstract thought. We suggest that individual differences in thereactivityof mental representations, that is, their proclivity to trigger conceptual change, culminate in different cognitive networks and concomitant learning trajectories.
NATURE'S POWERS AND GOD'S ENERGIES
Authors: Raslau Flavius D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis is an exploration into the synthesis of Mumford and Anjum's pandispositionalist philosophy with Deacon's emergent dynamics, which when interpreted within the theological framework of Palamas’s essence–energies distinction, it all comes together into a new metaphysics that offers a more satisfactory account of the God–world relation. The argument proceeds in two stages. First, a philosophical framework for establishing a dual‐aspect monistic view of the world in terms of presence/absence (or manifested/unmanifested), acknowledging unmanifested powers as a genuine mode of actuality. Second, a theological consideration for a befitting conception of God within this scheme, according to which nature's powers are equated with God's energies, though God's essence is not exhausted by them. The resulting proposition promises a non‐Whiteheadian process view, a panentheistic (not pantheistic) articulation of divine presence, and an account of reality as the dramatization of God's manifestation in the world and our participation in that cosmic revealing.
THEISTIC EVOLUTION IN THREE TRADITIONS
Authors: Sharp James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the role of theistic evolution in the work of three scholars: Christian theologian Keith Ward, rabbi and philosopher Jonathan Sacks, and Muslim physicist Nidhal Guessoum. Ward presents theistic evolution in a theological context, while Sacks and Guessoum present theistic evolution in broader contexts: Sacks as part of a reassessment of science and religion in western cultures, and Guessoum in arguing for a more sophisticated approach to science and religion within Islam. Their presentations of theistic evolution show the potential for theological and philosophical work concerning science and religion aimed at a popular audience which moves beyond the stubborn categories of conflict and independence or isolation.
THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF AWE AND NATURE APPRECIATION TO POSITIVE MORAL VALUES
Authors: Craig Curtis M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present analysis utilizes publicly available survey data to assess attitudes consistent with the religious naturalist orientation. Religious naturalism entails a sense of awe and reverence toward the natural world, and the survey data have subscales assessing awe and a question regarding opportunities to appreciate nature. The reported measures of awe toward the world and secondary analyses looking specifically at nature appreciation found, independent of theistic belief, significant statistical relationships between awe, nature, and self‐reported sense of deep appreciation and peace, the likelihood to care about others, and an association with joy and compassion. These results imply that awe and reverence toward the natural world are independently associated with common moral values (e.g., compassion). This exploratory analysis demonstrates that, from a pragmatic and moral values perspective, religious naturalism has the potential to replace traditional theistic orientations, and that the simple rejection of religious discourse should be reconsidered. Further research should attempt to verify these preliminary conclusions.
THEOLOGIES COMPLETING NATURALISM'S LIMITATIONS
Authors: Carr Paul H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScientific Naturalism has no eternal life and purpose. Tillich's existential and Whitehead's process theologies overcome the limitations of scientific “naturalism without religion.” Tillich, Wildman, Whitehead, and Bracken update the Bible's promise of eternal life as well as the meaning and goal of history. Paul Tillich's metaphor of religion as the Dimension of Depth is similar to Ursula Goodenough'sSacred Depths of Nature. She considers Tillich to be a religious naturalist. For Whitehead, the goal of the Universe is the production of beauty. “The thirst for beauty that permeates our lives is an opening to transcendence,” according to theologian Philip Hefner.
The within‐ and between‐day reliability of cerebrovascular reactivity using traditional and novel analytical approaches
Authors: Koep Jodie L. , Weston Max E. , Barker Alan R. , Bailey Tom G. , Coombes Jeff S. , Lester Alice , Bond Bert 
Published: November 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
What is the reliability of middle cerebral artery velocity cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) when using traditional and novel outcomes, as measured by transcranial Doppler?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Traditional CVR approaches presented acceptable reproducibility but should be expressed as an absolute CVR. Large within‐ and between‐individual differences in the middle cerebral artery velocity response profile support using a dynamic peak, rather than a set time point, for the most reliable interpretation. The study highlights the utility of novel kinetic CVR outcomes, but due to increased variability in time‐based metrics, this analysis requires larger sample sizes than traditional methods.
AbstractCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) to CO2 is a common method to assess cerebrovascular function. Yet, the approaches used to calculate CVR outcomes vary. The aim of this study was to explore the within‐ and between‐day reliability of traditional CVR outcomes. The second aim was to explore the reliability of novel kinetic‐based analyses. Healthy adults (n = 10, 22.3 ± 3.4 years) completed assessments of CVR over 4 min using a fixed fraction of inspired CO2 (6%). This was repeated across four separate visits (between‐day), and on one visit measures were repeated 2.5 h later (within‐day). No mean biases were present between assessments for traditional CVR metrics, expressed as absolute (cm/s/mmHg) or relative (%/mmHg) outcomes (minute 3, minute 4, peak 1 s, peak 30 s) (between‐day: P > 0.14, ηp2 < 0.20; within‐day: P > 0.22, d > 0.27). Absolute, rather than relative, CVR yielded the most reproducible parameters (coefficient of variation: 8.1–13.2% vs. 14–83%, respectively). There were significant differences between CVR outcomes (P < 0.001, ηp2 > 0.89) dependent on the time point used to determine CVR, as a steady state MCAv response was rarely observed. Furthermore, the MCAv response was not reproducible within an individual (κ = 0.15, P = 0.09). No mean differences were present for novel kinetic outcomes (amplitude, time‐delay, time constant) (between‐day: P > 0.05, d < 0.33; within‐day: P > 0.38, d < 0.25). The results support the need for standardisation and indicate CVR should be defined as a dynamic peak, rather than a set time point for increased reliability. For novel kinetic outcomes variability was greater (CV: 8.7–120.9%) due to the nature of time‐based metrics.
Intrauterine growth restriction elevates circulating acylcarnitines and suppresses fatty acid metabolism genes in the fetal sheep heart
Authors: Drake Rachel R. , Louey Samantha , Thornburg Kent L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt birth, the mammalian myocardium switches from using carbohydrates as the primary energy substrate to free fatty acids as the primary fuel. Thus, a compromised switch could jeopardize normal heart function in the neonate. Placental embolization in sheep is a reliable model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It leads to suppression of both proliferation and terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that the expression of genes regulating cardiac fatty acid metabolism would be similarly suppressed in IUGR, leading to compromised processing of lipids. Following 10 days of umbilicoplacental embolization in fetal sheep, IUGR fetuses had elevated circulating long‐chain fatty acylcarnitines compared with controls (C14: CTRL 0.012 ± 0.005 nmol/mlvs. IUGR 0.018 ± 0.005 nmol/ml,P< 0.05; C18: CTRL 0.027 ± 0.009 nmol/molvs. IUGR 0.043 ± 0.024 nmol/mol,P< 0.05,n= 12 control,n= 12 IUGR) indicative of impaired fatty acid metabolism. Uptake studies using fluorescently tagged BODIPY‐C12‐saturated free fatty acid in live, isolated cardiomyocytes showed lipid droplet area and number were not different between control and IUGR cells. mRNA levels of sarcolemmal fatty acid transporters (CD36, FATP6), acylation enzymes (ACSL1, ACSL3), mitochondrial transporter (CPT1), β‐oxidation enzymes (LCAD, HADH, ACAT1), tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme (IDH), esterification enzymes (PAP, DGAT) and regulator of the lipid droplet formation (BSCL2) gene were all suppressed in IUGR myocardium (P< 0.05). However, protein levels for these regulatory genes were not different between groups. This discordance between mRNA and protein levels in the stressed myocardium suggests an adaptive protection of key myocardial enzymes under conditions of placental insufficiency.imageKey pointsThe fetal heart relies on carbohydratesin uteroand must be prepared to metabolize fatty acids after birth but the effects of compromised fetal growth on the maturation of this metabolic system are unknown.Plasma fatty acylcarnitines are elevated in intrauterine growth‐restricted (IUGR) fetuses compared with control fetuses, indicative of impaired fatty acid metabolism in fetal organs.Fatty acid uptake and storage are not different in IUGR cardiomyocytes compared with controls.mRNA levels of genes regulating fatty acid transporter and metabolic enzymes are suppressed in the IUGR myocardium compared with controls, while protein levels remain unchanged.Mismatches in gene and protein expression, and increased circulating fatty acylcarnitines may have long‐term implications for offspring heart metabolism and adult health in IUGR individuals. This requires further investigation.
Acidic pH reduces agonist efficacy and responses to synaptic‐like glycine applications in zebrafish α1 and rat α1β recombinant glycine receptors
Authors: Ivica Josip , Lape Remigijus , Sivilotti Lucia G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany pentameric ligand‐gated ion channels are modulated by extracellular pH. Glycine receptors (GlyRs) share this property, but it is not well understood how they are affected by pH changes. Whole cell experiments on HEK293 cells expressing zebrafish homomeric α1 GlyR confirmed previous reports that acidic pH (6.4) reduces GlyR sensitivity to glycine, whereas alkaline pH (8.4) has small or negligible effects. In addition to that, at pH 6.4 we observed a reduction in the maximum responses to the partial agonists β‐alanine and taurine relative to the full agonist glycine. In cell‐attached single‐channel recording, low pH reduced agonist efficacy, as the maximum open probability decreased from 0.97, 0.91 and 0.66 to 0.93, 0.57 and 0.34 for glycine, β‐alanine and taurine, respectively, reflecting a threefold decrease in efficacy equilibrium constants for all three agonists. We also tested the effect of pH 6.4 in conditions that replicate those at the native synapse, recording outside‐out currents elicited by fast application of millisecond pulses of agonists on α1 and α1β GlyR, at a range of intracellular chloride concentrations. Acidic pH reduced the area under the curve of the currents, by reducing peak amplitude, slowing activation and speeding deactivation. Our results show that acidification of the extracellular pH by one unit, as may occur in pathological conditions such as ischaemia, impairs GlyR gating and is likely to reduce the effectiveness of glycinergic synaptic inhibition.
imageKey points
Extracellular pH in the central nervous system (CNS) is known to shift towards acidic values during pathophysiological conditions such as ischaemia and seizures.
Acidic extracellular pH is known to affect GABAergic inhibitory synapses, but its effect on signals mediated by glycine receptors (GlyR) is not well characterised.
Moderate acidic conditions (pH 6.4) reduce the maximum single channel open probability of recombinant homomeric GlyRs produced by the neurotransmitter glycine or other agonists, such as β‐alanine and taurine.
When glycine was applied with a piezoelectric stepper to outside out patches, to simulate its fast rise and short duration at the synapse, responses became shorter and smaller at pH 6.4. The effect was also observed with physiologically low intracellular chloride and in mammalian heteromeric GlyRs.
This suggests that acidic pH is likely to reduce the strength of inhibitory signalling at glycinergic synapses.
Review of the Development of Hemodynamic Modeling Techniques to Capture Flow Behavior in Arteries Affected by Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, and Stenting
Authors: Williamson Petra N. , Docherty Paul D. , Yazdi Sina G. , Khanafer Adib , Kabaliuk Natalia , Jermy Mark , Geoghegan Patrick H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the developed world. CVD can include atherosclerosis, aneurysm, dissection, or occlusion of the main arteries. Many CVDs are caused by unhealthy hemodynamics. Some CVDs can be treated with the implantation of stents and stent grafts. Investigations have been carried out to understand the effects of stents and stent grafts have on arteries and the hemodynamic changes post-treatment. Numerous studies on stent hemodynamics have been carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) which has yielded significant insight into the effect of stent mesh design on near-wall blood flow and improving hemodynamics. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has also been used to capture behavior of fluids that mimic physiological hemodynamics. However, PIV studies have largely been restricted to unstented models or intra-aneurysmal flow rather than peri or distal stent flow behaviors. PIV has been used both as a standalone measurement method and as a comparison to validate the CFD studies. This article reviews the successes and limitations of CFD and PIV-based modeling methods used to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stents. The review includes an overview of physiology and relevant mechanics of arteries as well as consideration of boundary conditions and the working fluids used to simulate blood for each modeling method along with the benefits and limitations introduced.
Effect of Intramedullary Nailing Patterns on Interfragmentary Strain in a Mouse Femur Fracture: A Parametric Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lowen Gregory B. , Garrett Katherine A. , Moore-Lotridge Stephanie N. , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Guelcher Scott A. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Nyman Jeffry S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Delayed long bone fracture healing and nonunion continue to be a significant socioeconomic burden. While mechanical stimulation is known to be an important determinant of the bone repair process, understanding how the magnitude, mode, and commencement of interfragmentary strain (IFS) affect fracture healing can guide new therapeutic strategies to prevent delayed healing or nonunion. Mouse models provide a means to investigate the molecular and cellular aspects of fracture repair, yet there is only one commercially available, clinically-relevant, locking intramedullary nail (IMN) currently available for studying long bone fractures in rodents. Having access to alternative IMNs would allow a variety of mechanical environments at the fracture site to be evaluated, and the purpose of this proof-of-concept finite element analysis study is to identify which IMN design parameters have the largest impact on IFS in a murine transverse femoral osteotomy model. Using the dimensions of the clinically relevant IMN as a guide, the nail material, distance between interlocking screws, and clearance between the nail and endosteal surface were varied between simulations. Of these parameters, changing the nail material from stainless steel (SS) to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) had the largest impact on IFS. Reducing the distance between the proximal and distal interlocking screws substantially affected IFS only when nail modulus was low. Therefore, IMNs with low modulus (e.g., PEEK) can be used alongside commercially available SS nails to investigate the effect of initial IFS or stability on fracture healing with respect to different biological conditions of repair in rodents.
The Role of the Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix in Tendon and Ligament Mechanical Behavior: A Review
Authors: Eisner Lainie E. , Rosario Ryan , Andarawis-Puri Nelly , Arruda Ellen M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tendon is a connective tissue that transmits loads from muscle to bone, while ligament is a similar tissue that stabilizes joint articulation by connecting bone to bone. Seventy to 90% of tendon and ligament's extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a hierarchical collagen structure that provides resistance to deformation primarily in the fiber direction, and the remaining fraction consists of a variety of non-collagenous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) whose mechanical roles are not well characterized. ECM constituents such as elastin, the proteoglycans decorin, biglycan, lumican, fibromodulin, lubricin, and aggrecan and their associated GAGs, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) have been suggested to contribute to tendon and ligament's characteristic quasi-static and viscoelastic mechanical behavior in tension, shear, and compression. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing literature regarding the contribution of the non-collagenous ECM to tendon and ligament mechanics, and to highlight key gaps in knowledge that future studies may address. Using insights from theoretical mechanics and biology, we discuss the role of the non-collagenous ECM in quasi-static and viscoelastic tensile, compressive, and shear behavior in the fiber direction and orthogonal to the fiber direction. We also address the efficacy of tools that are commonly used to assess these relationships, including enzymatic degradation, mouse knockout models, and computational models. Further work in this field will foster a better understanding of tendon and ligament damage and healing as well as inform strategies for tissue repair and regeneration.