bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Ashour Doaa M. , Awad-Allah Mo′mena Ahmad A. , Yosef Mostafa , Saleh Mohamed I. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To assess the adherence of ophthalmologists to the current recommendations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the real-life practice and the measures taken by different institutions to decrease the risk of infection.

Methods
A cross-sectional study among ophthalmologists that was done via a self-administered web-based survey with 25 questions, starting with demographic data, followed by questions regarding the effect of the pandemic on practice. After that, detailed questions about infection control measures taken by different facilities and the use of various personal protective equipment and their availability were asked.

Results
We received 106 responses to the survey. Most of the respondents (86.8%) reported a reduction in the number of patients in the outpatient clinics, 49% limited services to emergencies, 50% reported triage for all patients, and 28% only reported providing face masks for patients. All our participants wear masks either surgical or filtering, 67% always use slit-lamp shields, and 75.5% apply hand hygiene per patient. The availability of various personal protective equipment and disinfectants was reported by 72% of our participants.

Conclusion
Real-life practice differs from the theoretical recommendations. Extra measures are required regarding patients’ triage, availability, and use of slit-lamp shields, face shields, and goggles. A stricter hand hygiene policy needs to be implemented and monitored.
Scrub Typhus Meningitis/Meningoencephalitis in Kumaon Region, Uttarakhand
Authors: Rakholia Ritu , Rawat Vinita , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Saxena Sandip Raj , Singh Param Jeet , Satyawali Vivekanand 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Scrub typhus is becoming an increasing cause of meningitis/meningoencephalitis in endemic areas.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review to describe epidemiological features, clinical characteristics, laboratory profile, and therapeutic outcomes in scrub typhus, considering meningitis/meningoencephalitis as cases and patients without meningoencephalitis as controls.

Results:
A total of 97 scrub typhus positive cases confirmed by immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. By univariant analysis, risk factors such as exposure to a forest, adolescent age and associated oliguria were significantly higher among cases as compared to the control group. Signs and symptoms that were significantly higher among meningitis/meningoencephalitis cases were conjuctival suffusion, pharyngitis, maculopapular rash, pain in the abdomen, splenomegaly, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pictures closely resembled aseptic meningitis. All patients had received doxycycline or azithromycin, and the outcome was favorable in the case group.

Conclusion:
Scrub typhus meningitis/meningoencephalitis was significantly higher in adolescents. Close observation and great care is essential for adolescent patients with associated risk factors. Prompt treatment ensures survival.
Intrathecal Isobaric 1% 2-Chloroprocaine versus Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine in Parturients Undergoing Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Jain Neena , Jain Kavita , Prajapat Harshita , Sethi Surendra Kumar , Patodi Veena , Khare Arvind 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cesarean sections are usually done under spinal anesthesia (SA) using local anesthetics. This study is aimed to compare the efficacy of intrathecal isobaric 1% 2-chloroprocaine (CP) and hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine in parturients undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred parturients aged 18–35 years with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II undergoing LSCS were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 50) received intrathecal isobaric 1% 2-CP 5 ml (50 mg), while Group B (n = 50) received intrathecal hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine 2 ml (10 mg) in SA. Onset and duration of both sensory and motor block, highest dermatomal level achieved, time to achieve highest dermatomal level, two-segment regression, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, and side effects were noted.

Results:
The onset of sensory blockade was significantly faster in Group A (1.66 ± 0.49 min) compared to Group B (3.00 ± 0.58 min) (P < 0.05). Duration of sensory block was significantly shorter in Group A (P < 0.05). The time of two-segment regression was also significantly faster in Group A (41.44 ± 5.41 min) compared to Group B (70.24 ± 10.38 min) (P < 0.05). The onset time of the motor block was significantly faster in Group A (P < 0.05). Duration of motor blockade was significantly shorter in Group A (95.7 ± 9.8 min) as compared to Group B (186.26 ± 13.5 min) (P < 0.05). Duration of analgesia was significantly shorter in Group A (97.22 ± 11.82 min) when compared to Group B (191.58 ± 37.06 min) (P < 0.05). No significant hemodynamic changes and side effects were noted (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Intrathecal 1% 2-CP (50 mg) appears to be a safe and effective alternative, preferably in elective and uncomplicated LSCS, as it has faster onset and predictable sensory block height with shorter but adequate duration of motor block and analgesia.
Preference on Prenatal Sex Determination and Its Associated Factors among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Puducherry, India
Authors: Saya Ganesh Kumar , Premarajan Kariyarath Cheriyath , Roy Gautam , Sarkar Sonali , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Olickal Jeby Jose , Ulaganeethi Revathi 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Sex determination refers to knowing the sex of foetus during prenatal period for non-medical reasons. Attitude of married women to sex determination is important to improve the sex ratio at birth.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aimed to assess preference on sex determination and associated factors among currently married reproductive age group women.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional community-based study was done during 2016–2017 among 2228 currently married women of 18–49 years' age group in urban and rural Puducherry, India. Information on the demographic characteristics, level of awareness and preference for sex determination was obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing preference for sex determination. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) as a measure of effects was used.

Results:
Of 1979 respondents, all were aware that sex determination is possible. Majority of them did not prefer sex determination (95.4%, 1888). About 80 (4.0%) preferred, while 11 (0.6%) were undecided about it. Majority of them were aware that sex determination without medical indication is a crime. Common source of information was healthcare workers (76.4%). After adjusting for confounders, age group (18–24, AOR = 5.334; 25–29, AOR = 3.249; 30–34, AOR = 3.857; 35–39, AOR = 2.279), middle level education (AOR = 2.3), those with unmet need for family planning (AOR = 2.970) and urban area (AOR = 67.679) subjects were preferred more; housewife (AOR = 0.481) and those without living son (AOR = 0.406) had preferred lesser for sex determination compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion:
About one in 25 currently married women preferred sex determination. It is comparatively more in urban areas. High-risk groups should be educated to develop correct awareness and attitude on prenatal sex determination.
Non-exclusive Breastfeeding amongst High-Risk Children
Authors: Rynjah Mary Magdalene , Venkatachalam Jayaseelan , Adhisivam B. , Olickal Jeby Jose , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Chinnakali Palanivel 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In the first 6 months of life, non-exclusive breastfeeding (NEBF) is estimated to be the cause of 1.4 million deaths worldwide and contributes to 10% of the disease burden in under-five children.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of NEBF amongst the high-risk children and the factors associated with NEBF.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst high-risk babies admitted between August 2016 and February 2018 who also attended the high-risk follow-up clinic at the neonatology department. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to determine the factors associated with NEBF and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results:
Amongst 304 children, 56.3% were male and 87% had birth weight <2500 g. Nearly three-fourth of the mothers were <30 years of age. The prevalence of NEBF was 49.3% (95% CI: 43.7–55.0). There was a significant association of NEBF with employment status of the mother (PR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), NEBF in previous child (PR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9) and EBF at the point of discharge (PR = 2.3; 95% CI: 2–2.6). The barriers reported by the mothers leading to NEBF were insufficient or less milk secretion, poor breastfeeding attachment, perceived thirst and poor maternal health.

Conclusion:
One out of every two children admitted in neonatal intensive care unit were non-exclusively breastfed before 6 months of age. The employment status of mother, practice of exclusively breastfeeding the previous child and EBF at the time of discharge were significantly associated with NEBF.
An Audit of Parotid Gland Surgeries in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Ajiya Abdulrazak , Shuaibu Iliyasu Yunusa , Omeje Uchenna Kelvin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Neoplasms both benign and malignant are the most common indications for parotidectomy. About 70%–80% of all salivary gland tumours are located in the parotid gland with up to 80% being benign. Parotidectomy is a common surgical procedure performed by the otorhinolaryngologist and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

Aims:
This study aimed to document our experience on parotid gland surgeries, and occurrence of facial nerve palsy.

Materials and Methods:
The records of all patients that had parotidectomy between January 2014 and December 2018 were evaluated. Demographic, clinical and operative data were retrieved and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solution version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:
A total of 34 cases were reviewed and there were 12 (35.3%) males and 22 (64.7%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.8 and mean age ± standard deviation of 39.3 ± 18.4 years. Patients with primary disease constituted the majority 29 (85.3%) in this series. Most of them (26, 76.5%) had superficial parotidectomy. Cervicomastoidfacial incision was the most preferred incision employed among 33 (97.1%) of our patients. Complication following surgery was observed in 12 (35.3%) patients. Majority, 7 (63.6%), had temporary facial nerve paresis. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common histological diagnosis noted in 19 (55.9%) patients postoperatively. There is a statistically significant association between fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings and final histological diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Pre-operative FNAC could be a reliable tool in the evaluation of our patients being prepared for parotidectomy even in our resource-poor setting.
Existence of hypercylinder expanders of the inverse mean curvature flow
Authors: Hui Kin Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe will give a new proof of the existence of hypercylinder expander of the inverse mean curvature flow which is a radially symmetric homothetic soliton of the inverse mean curvature flow in
$\mathbb {R}^{n}\times \mathbb {R}$
,
$n\ge 2$
, of the form
$(r,y(r))$
or
$(r(y),y)$
, where
$r=|x|$
,
$x\in \mathbb {R}^{n}$
, is the radially symmetric coordinate and
$y\in \mathbb {R}$
. More precisely, for any
$\lambda>\frac {1}{n-1}$
and
$\mu>0$
, we will give a new proof of the existence of a unique even solution
$r(y)$
of the equation
$\frac {r^{\prime \prime }(y)}{1+r^{\prime }(y)^{2}}=\frac {n-1}{r(y)}-\frac {1+r^{\prime }(y)^{2}}{\lambda (r(y)-yr^{\prime }(y))}$
in
$\mathbb {R}$
which satisfies
$r(0)=\mu $
,
$r^{\prime }(0)=0$
and
$r(y)>yr^{\prime }(y)>0$
for any
$y\in \mathbb {R}$
. We will prove that
$\lim _{y\to \infty }r(y)=\infty $
and
$a_{1}:=\lim _{y\to \infty }r^{\prime }(y)$
exists with
$0\le a_{1}<\infty $
. We will also give a new proof of the existence of a constant
$y_{1}>0$
such that
$r^{\prime \prime }(y_{1})=0$
,
$r^{\prime \prime }(y)>0$
for any
$0<y<y_{1}$
, and
$r^{\prime \prime }(y)<0$
for any
$y>y_{1}$
.
Perspektif Rasionalitas: Aktivitas Pemenang Lelang Komunitas Nelayan Di Danau Tempe
Authors: Ria Indriani  , Imran Supriyo , Nur Azizah  
Published: July 2021

Pemanfaatan Danau Tempe secara tradisional terbagi atas beberapa kawasan/zona yang berlaku setiap pergantian musim. Danau Tempe menjadi sumber mata pencaharian bagi nelayan setempat. Nelayan di Danau Tempe terbagi berdasarkan zona penangkapan ikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas nelayan pemenang lelang di Danau Tempe dalam perspektif rasionalitas. Dilaksanakan pada April - Mei 2019 di Danau Tempe Kelurahan Laelo dan Sallomenraleng Kecamatan Tempe Kabupaten Wajo Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pengumpulan data penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam (Indepth Interview) dan dokumentasi. Adapun metode yang digunakan kajian ini adalah RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) untuk melihat fenomena yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan metode verstehen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tindakan rasional komunitas nelayan untuk mengikuti lelang eks ornament terbagi atas 4, yaitu : (1) nelayan dalam mengikuti lelang berdasarkan pengalaman terdahulu dari keluarga dan nenek moyangnya yang disebut tindakan irrasional (Tindakan tradisional), (2) nelayan pemenang lelang dalam menjalankan usahanya menggunakan alat tangkap untuk memproduksi ikan sebesar-besarnya yang disebut tindakan rasional instrumental, (3) nelayan dalam mengikuti lelang karena adanya harapan akan memperoleh keuntungan yang besar yang disebut tindakan rasional tujuan, (4) nelayan dalam mengikuti lelang didorong oleh motivasi dengan mengikuti lelang maka mereka akan lebih dihargai oleh masyarakat dan status sosialnya akan meningkat yang disebut tindakan rasional nilai
COTTON VARIETY "ANDIZHAN-37"
Authors: Mamadjonova N 
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена новому сорту хлопчатника «Андижан-37» при вращение определенных почвенных условиях, быстро вырастающий, высокоурожайный, устойчивый к болезням вилт, гоммоз и другим вредителям. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности высококачественного волокно выделяется своей высокой прочностью и другими ценными признаками, период посева семян, разработка агротехнический элементов, чеканка сорта хлопчатника. Анализ годовых норм применения минеральных удобрений для данного сорта а также рекомендаций и высоких агротехнических уходов дающих возможность получения высококачественного урожая хлопка.
FIGHT AGAINST THE SPIDER IN THE FIG
Authors: Teshaboyev Nodirbek , Mamadaliyev Muxammadkarim , Abdullayeva Gulnora , Matmisayeva Shoxistaxon 
Published: July 2021

Анжир плантацияларида ўтказилган дала тажрибалари натижасида ўргимчаккана билан ҳашоратлар-акарацидлар ёрдамида курашиш бўйича кимёвий чора-тадбирлар ишлаб чиқилади ва оптимал муддатлари белгилаб олинди.
La bibliografía gimnástica extranjera en el proceso de institucionalización de la educación física española del siglo XIX (1807-1883). Traducciones y adaptaciones (Bibliography on foreign gymnastics in the process of institutionalisation of Spanish physi
Authors: Jurado Manuela Álvarez , Torrebadella Flix Xavier 
Published: July 2021

En el llamado proceso de institucionalización de la educación física española, la escasa producción bibliográfica en la materia generó la necesidad de cubrir el vacío documental con aportaciones foráneas, a través de traducciones, adaptaciones e incluso en numerosas ocasiones, de plagios. En este período, la incorporación al español de autores y obras extranjeras enriqueció la bibliografía pedagógica y científico-técnica de la gimnástica y la educación física. El objetivo de estudio de este trabajo es el de significar y valorar la producción de esta bibliografía en el período comprendido entre 1807 a 1883. Ello se aborda a través de una metodología histórico-documental con el soporte de las técnicas heurísticas, la revisión de estudios anteriores y la hermenéutica como recurso crítico a los documentos objeto de estudio. Se concluye que, si bien existió una escasa bibliografía gimnástica extranjera publicada en español, su repercusión fue transcendental para fundamentar y cohesionar el marco ideológico alrededor de la débil institucionalización de la educación física española del siglo XIX.
Abstract: In the so-called institutionalisation process of Spanish physical education the scant bibliography produced about the subject generated the need to cover the documentary gap with contributions from elsewhere. During that period the inclusion of Spanish by foreign authors and Works enriched the educational and scientific-technical bibliography on gymnastics and physical education. Looking at this topic, our object of study is to present, consider, interpret and evaluate the production of this bibliography in the abovementioned period. We use a historical-documentary methodology with the support of heuristic techniques, review of previous studies and hermeneutics as a critical resource for the objects of our study. Our conclusion is that while there was very Little foreign bibliography on gymnastic published in Spanish, its repercussion was extraordinary in providing the foundation and cohesion for the ideological framework on the weak institutionalisation of Spanish physical education in the nineteenth century.
“Porque todo ponto de vista é a vista de um ponto”: a subjetividade como um dos lugares para compreender o jornalismo
Authors: Mendonça Felipe Viero Kolinski Machado 
Published: July 2021

O presente texto propõe uma reflexão a partir de uma investigação já concluída que teve como objetivo central perceber quais sentidos sobre masculinidades eram então movimentados e constituídos pelas/nas revistas Junior e Men’s Health Portugal, tendo em vista o discurso de seus agentes e, ainda, o produto final veiculado. Aqui, de modo específico, na esteira de outras pesquisas que postulam a subjetividade como elemento importante para perceber a prática jornalística e, ainda, tomando como base a Teoria da Subjetividade, reflete-se sobre como aspectos subjetivos em relação aos informantes são centrais para que se compreenda os discursos então materializados naquelas produções. Para além de questões de ordem objetiva, sugere-se que seriam fundamentalmente a percepção de mundo daqueles sujeitos, suas lentes então lançadas sobre esse mundo e, ainda, os espaços sociais que os cercam que permitiriam que dados sentidos, e não outros, sobre gênero, sexualidade e raça se estabelecessem em Junior e em Men’s Health Portugal.
Writer-as-narrator: Engaging the debate around the (un)reliable narrator in memoir and the personal essay
Authors: Freeman Robin , Le Rossignol Karen 
Published: July 2021

Subjective and personal forms of nonfiction writing are enjoying exponential popularity in English language publishing currently, as an interested public engages with ‘true’ stories of society and culture. Yet a paradox exists at the centre of this form of writing. As readers, we want to know who the writer is and what she has to tell us. Yet as writers we use a persona, a constructed character, a narrator who is only partially the writer, to deliver the narrative. How is a writer able to convey ‘true’ stories that are inherently reliant on memory, within a constructed narrative persona? We find a ‘gap’ between the writer and the narrator/protagonist on the page, an empowered creative space in which composition occurs, facilitating a balance between the facts and lived experiences from which ‘true’ stories are crafted, and the acknowledged fallibility of human memory. While the gap between writer and writer-as-narrator provides an enabling space for creative composition, it also creates space for the perception of unreliability. The width of this gap, we argue, is crucial. Only if the gap is small, if writer and writer-as-narrator share a set of passionately held values, can the writer-as-narrator become a believable entity, satisfying the reader with the ‘truth’ of their story.
Giving solidity to pure wind: Temporising as transformation
Authors: Prendergast Julia 
Published: July 2021

Jared Diamond asked the acclaimed evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr (1904-2005) why Aristotle didn’t come up with the theory of evolution. Mayr’s answer was ‘Frage stellen’ which Diamond translates as ‘a way of asking questions [sic]’ (Byrne 2013). The idea that a particular way-of-asking might generate a particular way-of-knowing and, indeed, a particular branch-of-knowledge, is utterly intriguing, especially when we frame the practice of creative writing in those terms: as a way of asking questions. Drusilla Modjeska unpacks the concept of ‘temporising’ in her article ‘Writing Poppy’ (Modjeska 2002: 75). This discussion invites us to consider the generative capabilities of the temporising space – as an imaginative space for writers, as an alternate way of asking questions … of seeing, being, knowing. In narrative, the questions that underpin the work do not necessarily appear in the surface-content of the text. In this way, the story is a metaphorical representation of the questions that lie beneath. As Aristotle suggests, metaphor relies on ‘an intuitive perception of the similarity [to homoion theorein] in dissimilars’ (Ricoeur 1977: 23). In narrative we contemplate a question, or an idea, within the context of a metaphorical other. This is a form of temporising: of ‘slip[ping] into other time frames’ as a means of ‘retreat[ing] and consider[ing]’ (Modjeska 2002: 75, 76). In narrative time, we consider one thing through an alternate temporal lens. We prevaricate in otherness. Fiction-making represents a very particular way of asking questions. With reference to the process of writing the short story – ‘Everything that matters is silvery white’ – it is clear that ‘making’ narrative is a way of asking questions that is assisted by the transformative temporising space.
Culture potentials of brown shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fab.) under different stocking densities in south-western region of Bangladesh
Authors: BEGUM NILUFA , RAHMAN SYED LUTFOR , MAHMUD YAHIA 
Published: July 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the production potentials of brown shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros under three different stocking densities such as 10, 20 and 30 /m2 in treatments T1, T2 ,and T3 in brackishwater ponds. After 90 days of culture total production was recorded as 577, 608 and 764 kg/ha in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Total production was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T3 compared to T1 and T2. Net benefit was recorded as BDT 143,109/ha, BDT 121,825/ha and BDT 162,516/ha in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Cost benefit ratio was 2.23, 1.80 and 1.91 in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Net benefit in T3 (BDT 162,516/ha) was higher than T1 and T2. The brown shrimp have high rates of growth, together with that they tolerate wide ranges of salinity and environmental parameters, makes them highly attractive for culture purposes.