bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Tomographic Analysis Among Patients With Thyroid Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Bassiouny Rania M. , Awad Eman A. , Gaafar Walid , Kyrillos Fady A. , Abou Samra Waleed A. , Abdelhameed Ameera G. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To analyze the corneal tomographic parameters of patients with thyroid gland dysfunction.

METHODS:
This case–control study included 100 eyes of 50 patients with thyroid gland dysfunction and 100 eyes of 50 healthy controls. All eyes were examined by Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Pentacam parameters were compared between patients with thyroid gland dysfunction and controls. Spearman's correlation coefficient between different Pentacam parameters and the serum level of free thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was calculated.

RESULTS:

Patients with hypothyroidism had significantly higher median values of steep and maximum simulated keratometric readings, central corneal thickness (CCT), and thinnest pachymetry (CTmin) than both patients with hyperthyroidism and controls (
P
⩽ .05). The median values of the average and maximum pachymetric progression index (PPI), posterior elevation, and back difference elevation were significantly higher in patients with hyperthyroidism than in patients with hypothyroidism and controls (
P
⩽ .05). The Ambrósio Relational Thickness (ARTmax) was significantly reduced in patients with hyperthyroidism (
P
⩽ .001). Both CCT and CTmin showed a moderately positive correlation with serum TSH level and a moderately negative correlation with serum free T4 level. Patients with non-autoimmune thyroid gland dysfunction had significantly thinner CCT, CTmin, and inferior vertical deviation than the autoimmune group (
P
⩽ .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Thyroid gland dysfunction is associated with significant corneal tomographic changes. Patients with hyperthyroidism tend to have thinner corneas and more abnormal tomographic parameters correlating with keratoconus. No significant tomographic changes were found in association with autoimmune thyroid gland dysfunction. The authors recommend screening and regular follow-up of patients with thyroid gland dysfunction for early detection and management of keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):192–197.]
Targeted Lens Pitting to Treat Negative Dysphotopsia
Authors: Feng Yilin , Weinlander Eric , Shah Manjool 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe a patient with negative dysphotopsia who underwent a novel non-invasive technique that uses the Nd:YAG laser to induce nasal light scattering through targeted lens pitting.

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
Symptoms of negative dysphotopsia resolved after targeted lens pitting.

CONCLUSIONS:
Targeted lens pitting with Nd:YAG laser is a potential technique that may help treat negative dysphotopsia in a manner that preserves intraocular anatomy. Further study is warranted to explore targeted lens pitting in both patients with and without prior retinal surgery as a treatment for negative dysphotopsia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):212–214.]
Visualization of Berger's Space in the Living Eye
Authors: Weidle Egon G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The presence of the capsulo-hyaloidal interspace (Berger's space) can be demonstrated in the living human eye when this space is filled with Healon during extracapsular lens surgery combined with primary capsulotomy. This facilitates discission and excision procedures of the posterior capsule and protects the anterior vitreous face from injury.
Proliferative Sickle Retinopathy and Neovascularization of the Disc: Regression Following Treatment With Peripheral Retinal Scatter Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Kimmel Andrew S , Magargal Larry E , Tasman William S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR) is usually described as a peripheral neovascular tuft in a "sea fan" like configuration. While neovascularization of the disc (NVD) is a common finding in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), to our knowledge only one other case has been reported of NVD in an S-C patient in the absence of other contributing conditions. PSR has been shown to regress after treating hypoxic peripheral retina with peripheral circumferential retinal scatter photocoagulation (PCRSP). The following is a case report of an S-C patient with PSR and NVD/ NVR which was originally treated elsewhere with scatter argon laser photocoagulation from the vascular arcades to just behind the equator. The peripheral "sea fan" and NVD did not regress. PCRSP to the zone of peripheral ischemia was then performed, and regression of the NVD and peripheral "sea fan" was achieved. This case illustrates the importance of concentrating laser treatment to the zones of retinal ischemia to achieve regression of associated neovascularization.
Purulent Anterior Segment Endophthalmitis Following Paracentesis
Authors: Joondeph Brian C , Joondeph Howard C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 67-year-old man developed a central retinal artery occlusion and was treated with an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, oral glycerin, carbachol rebreathing, and anterior chamber paracentesis. He subsequently developed an anterior segment endophthalmitis. Vigorous medical and surgical management cured the endophthalmitis, but his visual acuity remained at light perception.
To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first reported case of a culture-positive, anterior segment endophthalmitis following anterior chamber paracentesis.
Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Using a Neodymium YAG Laser
Authors: Fankhauser Franz , van der Zypen Eugen , Kwasniewska Sylvia , Rol Pascal , England Cheri 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of a neodymium:YAG laser, working in the free-running mode (1 and 20 millisecond pulses), upon the ciliary body via the transscleral route have been studied using 16 autopsy eyes. The experiments described were designed to find an efficient strategy of transsciera] cyclodestruction of the ciliary body. It was found that pulse energies of between 6 and 7 Joules, an exposure duration of 20 milliseconds, and maximal defocusing are optimal. A beam, tangentially oriented and positioned 1/2 to 1 mm posterior to the limbus has a high probability of hitting the ciliary body and damaging the ciliary processes. In these experiments a first generation of contact lenses could not be demonstrated to have an advantageous effect.
Orbital Volume Augmentation With Adjustable Prefabricated Methylmethacrylate Subperiosteal Implants
Authors: Dresner Steven C , Codère Francois , Corriveau Christine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prefabricated right and left subperiosteal implants were used in nine anophthalmic sockets to correct superior sulcus deformities. The advantages of these implants include increased stability, easy insertion under direct visualization and the possibility of easy retrieval if necessary, and custom modification for volume and shape intraoperatively, with the addition of methylmethacrylate. There were no extrusions, implant migrations, or infections. Complications included mild undercorrection, upper eyelid blepharoptosis, and transient ectropion.
Surgical Treatment for a Case of Postoperative Pseudallescheria boydii Endophthalmitis
Authors: Bouchard Charles S , Chacko Benjamin , Cupples Howard P , Cavanagh H Dwight , Mathers William D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) is an uncommon ocular pathogen which previously has been identified in only 10 of 905 fungal isolates identified by the Sid Richardson Microbiology Laboratory at the Cullen Eye Institute of Baylor College of Medicine. Furthermore, only one case of postoperative P. boydii endophthalmitis1 and four cases of endogenous P. boydii endophthalmitis have been reported.2-5 Three of the four patients with endogenous endophthalmitis died within 4 weeks of diagnosis. We describe a second case of postoperative endophthalmitis due to this fungus. The infection was successfully eradicated following vitrectomy, corneoscleral resection, and patch graft, in addition to intraocular, topical, and oral antifungal medication. Although in vitro sensitivities are variable, P. boydii is known to be relatively resistant to amphotericin B. This points to the importance of proper cultures and sensitivities when treating cases of suspected fungal endophthalmitis. Unfortunately, the patient's eye became phthisical 6 months following the initial intervention.
Intraocular Lens Damage in Experimental Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy: A Comparison of Perspex CQ and Cross-Linked PMMA Lenses
Authors: Erbil Hasan , Sinav Satvet 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The threshold resistance to Nd:YAG laser irradiation of cross-linked lathe-cut PMMA intraocular lenses was slightly higher than that of Perspex CQ lenses: 6.0 mJ vs 4.5 mJ for single laser spots, and 3.5 mJ vs 3.0 mJ for four spots. These levels produced nicks and pits in the lenses; higher levels created small breaks.
Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Using a Semiconductor Diode Laser in Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Hennis Hugh L , Assia Ehud , Stewart William C , Legler Ulrich F C , Apple David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the effectiveness of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes using the Miyake technique and light microscopy.
Thermal lesions in the ciliary processes were induced with 0.7-second, 1200-mW, and 100- to 500-µ applications, 0.5 mm from the surgical limbus and defocused 1 mm posteriorly. An effective ciliary body reaction was observed grossly as tissue blanching, shrinkage, and pigment dispersion; and histologically, as coagulation necrosis and epithelial cell disruption. No damage to crystalline or intraocular lenses was evident.
This successful application of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes suggests that it may prove useful in treating patients with glaucoma.
Response of Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty With Varying Anterior Chamber Anatomy
Authors: Pennebaker Gordon E , Stewart William C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied one randomly selected eye of 50 consecutive primary open-angle glaucoma patients treated with argon laser trabeculoplasty to assess response differences as functions of anterior chamber anatomy and refraction. We found no significant differences related to these variables, and thus conclude that argon laser trabeculoplasty may be performed successfully in patients with crowded angles as long as the trabecular meshwork can be visualized.
Epithelial Downgrowth Following the Removal of Iris Inclusion Cysts
Authors: Orlin Stephen E , Raber Irving M , Laibson Peter R , Shields Carol L , Brucker Alexander J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present three patients in whom epithelial downgrowth occurred following the excision of iris inclusion cysts. The sheet-like downgrowth was aggressively treated and successfully eradicated in two of the three patients. Early identification and prompt therapy are essential.
The Effects of Glaucoma Medications on Tenon's Capsule and Conjunctiva in the Rabbit
Authors: Smith David L , Skuta Gregory L , Kincaid Marilyn C , Rabbani Roya , Cruess David F , Kao Sue F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Glaucoma filtering surgery fails most frequently due to fibrosis at the episcleral-conjunctival/Tenon's capsule interface. Sherwood et al have suggested that chronic topical antiglaucoma medications increase conjunctival inflammatory cells, which could increase the likelihood of fibrosis and subsequent bleb failure.1 In a pilot study in a rabbit model, we placed timolol, pilocarpine, and epinephrine, or a combination of all three, in one eye of 24 animals twice daily for 7 months. The fellow eye received distilled water. Microscopic examination revealed no statistically significant change in the number of acute or chronic inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, or goblet cells in the treated as compared with the control eyes. A longer duration of drug administration, or drug administration followed by surgical intervention, may be required to produce an effect on the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule, if such an effect exists.
A Disposable 8-mm "Corneal Cap" to Reduce Surgical Light Exposure
Authors: Olander Kenneth W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I have devised an easily-fashioned disposable "corneal cap" that reduces light exposure to the retina from the operating microscope. The 8-mm plastic cap is the cut end of the test chamber included in all packages of disposable handpieces and tubing for automated irrigation and aspiration instruments.
"Equator Ring" for Maintenance of the Completely Circular Contour of the Capsular Bag Equator After Cataract Removal
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Hara Takako , Yamada Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We designed an "equator ring," a flexible silicone rod with a groove on its inner surface, to maintain the circular contour of the capsular bag equator after cataract removal. After cataract extraction, the ring is inserted in the bag through a 5.0-mm circular capsulorhexis or 4.5-mm linear "dumbbell" opening. Then a conventional posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) is inserted, with the IOL loops in the groove. The ring not only allows complete maintenance of the circular contour of the capsular bag equator for most conventional PC-IOLs, but also may prevent invasion of metamorphosed lens epithelial cells into the posterior capsule.
Corneal Topography as a Predictor of Refractive Change in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study
Authors: Rowsey J James , Waring George O , Monlux Roy D , Balyeat Hal D , Stevens Scott X , Culbertson William , Barron Bruce , Nelson Daniel , Asbell Penny , Smith Ron , Arentsen Juan , Cowden John , Lynn Michael J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The first operated eyes of 435 patients undergoing radial keratotomy in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study were evaluated by photokeratography to document the preoperative and postoperative corneal shape. We determined by regression analysis and analysis of variance that the corneal shape preoperatively improved the prediction of the corneal shape 6 months postoperatively in the 3-mm-clear-zone population.
The reduction of myopia in all 435 eyes ranged from 1.25 to 9.75 diopters. We studied the effect of the preoperative corneal shape on this variability in the outcome of the surgery using rings 2 and 7 on photokeratography and corneal diameter. In the 3-mm-clear-zone group, eyes with flat prolate corneas had a greater reduction in myopia (4.65 D); those with steeper, more spherical corneas had less reduction in myopia (3.48 D). In addition, eyes with a 3-mm clear zone and flat central corneas alone (8.0 mm = 42.19 D) flattened approximately 0.75 D more than those with steep central corneas (7.0 mm = 48.21 D). In the 3.5-mm and 4.0-mm clear zone groups, the change in corneal curvature was not related to the preoperative curvature.
A stepwise regression analysis of the 151 eyes in the 3.0-mm-clear-zone population demonstrated the following predictive equation for radial keratotomy: change in cycloplegic refraction = -14.55 + [-2.097 × average ring-2 radius] + [3.605 × average ring-7 radius] + [0.69 × horizontal corneal diameter] + [0.079 × age] + [-0.379 × spherical equivalent cycloplegic refraction]. There was a 1.17-D observed difference in the effect of radial keratotomy between those eyes with a steep/steep corneal topography (7.2% of the 3.0-mm-clear-zone population) and the flat/flat topography (29% of the 3.0-mm-clear-zone PERK population). A knowledge of corneal topography provides an additional tool for understanding the operative variability of radial keratotomy.
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation in Controlled Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Onali Tuula , Raitta Christina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A consecutive series of 103 eyes, 37 with controlled simple glaucoma (SG) and 66 with capsular glaucoma (CG), underwent extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens (PC-IOL) implantation.
Two to 6 weeks after surgery, 48% of the SG eyes and 62% of the CG eyes had visual acuities better than 0.4, as compared with 8% and 3%, respectively, preoperatively. The corresponding figures after 12 to 43 months in the SG eyes were 62%, and after 14 to 38 months in the CG eyes, 55%.
A slight increase of mean intraocular pressure (IOP), from 19.0 ± 4.8 mm Hg to 25.3 ± 13.3 mm Hg in the SG eyes, and from 19.0 ± 3.9 mm Hg to 24.5 ± 9.6 mm Hg in the CG eyes occurred 1 to 2 weeks after surgery; at 2 to 6 weeks the mean IOPs had returned to preoperative levels: 18.1 ± 6.4 mm Hg in the SG eyes and 18.4 ± 5.9 mm Hg in the CG eyes. After a mean of 26.5 months (range, 12 to 43 months), IOP had decreased to 17.3 ± 2.9 mm Hg in the SG eyes; and after 24.2 months (range, 14 to 38 months) to 17.6 ± 5.7 mm Hg in the CG eyes.
The need for glaucoma medication was diminished at 2 to 6 weeks after surgery: IOP was controlled (<21 mm Hg) without glaucoma medication in 43% of the SG, and in 50% of the CG eyes (preoperatively, all of the SG and 89% of the CG eyes required medication). At this point IOP was controlled in 37% of the SG and in 45% of the CG eyes with only topical medications (preoperatively, more than 80% of patients in both groups required such medication). After 1 to 3 years, IOP was controlled in 19% of the SG and in 37% of the CG eyes without medication, while it was controlled in 66% of the SG and 55% of the CG eyes with only topical medications.
Surgical complications included: vitreous loss in 5% of the CG eyes, and fibrinous effusion in 8% of the SG and in 6% of the CG eyes. Early IOP rise ≥30 mm Hg occurred in 35% of the SG eyes at a mean of 1.8 days and in 27% of the CG eyes at a mean of 1.5 days postoperatively. The difference between the SG and the CG eyes in this respect was not significant.
The Effect of Retrobulbar Anesthesia on Visual Acuity in Planned Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Brent B David , Singh Harcharan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia on visual acuity. We compared the preoperative best corrected near visual acuity of 30 consecutive patients undergoing planned extracapsular cataract extraction with their best corrected near visual acuity 10 minutes following successful retrobulbar anesthesia. The mean decrease in acuity was 2.83 lines on a Jaeger near card. Postinjection visual acuity did not change in four eyes. In general, the longer the globe axial length, the greater the decrease in visual acuity following retrobulbar block. There was no significant correlation between postinjection acuity and patient age or volume of anesthetic injected.
Removal of Lens Epithelial Cells by Dispersion With Enzymatic Treatment Followed by Aspiration
Authors: Nishi Okihiro , Nishi Kayo , Hikida Mitsushi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We conducted a preliminary trial of a method of lens epithelial cell removal in cataract surgery that combined mechanical and pharmaceutical treatments. The cells were first loosened from their junctional complexes with Dispase, a preparation of a neutral protease used for separating cells in tissue culture. To avoid intraocular tissue damage, the enzyme preparation was dissolved in sodium hyaluronate and injected into the capsular bag, which was carefully preserved during endocapsular cataract surgery. The cells were then removed by irrigation and aspiration. The results of experiments in vitro and in rabbits suggested that this procedure removed cells effectively, and, judging from the histopathologic examination, with negligible damage to the zonules or corneal endothelium.
The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Ocular Pain
Authors: Whitacre Marc M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain originating in the eye was studied in 10 patients. All three patients subjected to TENS during panretinal photocoagulation reported marked reduction in pain. Three of five patients who had persistent pain following scleral buckling and/or vitrectomy reported partial or complete relief of pain during the application of TENS. One patient had equivocal relief of pain when TENS was used during retinal cryopexy; 1 patient with acute pain following paracentesis and 1 patient with persistent pain following cyclocryotherapy had no relief. Among those patients whose pain was reduced by TENS, referred brow pain was relieved more than globe pain.
Visual Improvement After Four Laser Treatments to Foveola for Choroidal Neovascular Membrane
Authors: Stephens Robert F , Daubert Jack S , El-choufi Leyla 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the advent of new laser technology and refined treatment techniques, it is possible that visual morbidity may be reduced by the treatment of subfoveolar choroidal neovascular membranes. This case report from our prospective study series describes an eye that required four monochromatic green subfoveolar treatments for an active choroidal neovascular membrane, which was ultimately eradicated. Even though the foveola was treated four times, the visual acuity improved from 20/200 preoperatively to 20/40 postoperatively. This case demonstrates that in carefully selected cases, even with multiple subfoveolar treatments, central visual acuity not only can be preserved, but also can actually be improved.
Role of the Vitreous in Posterior Segment Neovascularization in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Akiba Jun , Kado Masanori , Kakehashi Akihiro , Trempe Clement L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively studied the relationship between the vitreous condition and the development of retinal or optic disc neovascularization in 60 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion associated with extensive retinal ischemia. At initial examination, 24 of 60 eyes (40%) with central retinal vein occlusion had complete posterior vitreous detachment, a prevalence significantly higher than in the fellow eyes. During a mean follow-up period of 43 months, 13 of 34 eyes (38%) without posterior vitreous detachment developed retinal or disc neovascularization, or both, but none of the 24 eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment developed neovascularization (P < .001 ). Our results suggest that central retinal vein occlusion may induce the development of posterior vitreous detachment, and that posterior vitreous detachment may play a role in protecting eyes with central retinal vein occlusion from posterior segment neovascularization.
Intercapsular Cataract Extraction With Implantation of the Galand Disc Lens: A Retrospective Analysis in Patients With and Without Glaucoma
Authors: Gunning F P , Greve E L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the results of intercapsular cataract extraction and implantation of the rigid Galand disc intraocular lens (IOL) in 164 cataract patients with and without glaucoma. Eighty-eight percent of the glaucomatous eyes and 98% of the eyes without glaucoma had a postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better after best-case analysis. Intercapsular bag placement appeared satisfactory in all but two cases, in which the IOL was slightly tilted. Cataract extraction favorably affected glaucoma control, especially in patients with angle-closure glaucoma (7.3 mm Hg intraocular pressure [IOP] reduction) and in those with primary open-angle glaucoma (2.6 mm Hg IOP reduction). The complications encountered, cystoid macular edema and hyphema, occurred in 1% and 0.5% respectively, and were not more frequent in the glaucoma subgroup. Posterior capsular opacification (30%) and inflammatory complications such as posterior synechiae (7.6%) and prepupillary fibrin (6%) were more often noted in the glaucomatous eyes. Pupillary capture or significant IOL decentration did not occur. We conclude that a circular type of IOL is the best currently available lens for use in glaucoma patients.