bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RULE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF RUSSIA
Authors: Gorodnova O.N. 
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of different aspects of the principle of justice in criminal law equalizing and distributing on the basis of the analysis of philosophical and legal thought. The substantiation of the supremacy of the principle of justice is presented. Other criminal law principles (criminal responsibility, humanism, equality of citizens before the law and the court) are analyzed as auxiliary, fully realizing the justice of the law and punishment. The connection between the principles of justice and legality, equality of citizens before the law and humanism, guilty responsibility is demonstrated. It is concluded that the equality of citizens before the law and humanism are different aspects of justice. Under the influence of the principle of justice, a circle of criminal acts is formed. A fair procedure for bringing guilty persons to criminal responsibility is based on strict observance of the principle of guilt, humane attitude to the guilty.
The article analyzes certain provisions of criminal legislation for compliance with the principle of justice, considers the procedure for implementing legal principles in practice. In order to substantiate the conclusions of the study, a violation of the idea of equality, and, as a result, the ideology of justice, was revealed. Thus, the fact that aggravating the criminal penalty, which is subject to mandatory application, as the commission of an intentional crime by an internal affairs officer contradicts the idea of equality (paragraph «o» of part 1 of article 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Article 88 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of imposing a criminal penalty in the form of a fine on the parents, legal representatives of a minor who has committed a crime, which contradicts the principle of guilt and is unfair.
The identity of criminal-legal repression, which is applied both for a single crime and for repeated criminal behavior, should be considered unfair. The ineffectiveness of the criminal law prescriptions of the law on the imposition of punishment for a set of crimes was revealed on the basis of the analysis of judicial practice materials.
A NEW COURSE OF THINKING OF A MANAGER IN PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF NANOPOWDERS
Authors: Ivanov A. 
Published: October 2021

The article considers the model of economic management in conditions of free competition through the development of groups of managers working on the creation of projects and their management in the production of nanopowders.
The author points out the need for an asymmetric approach in solving problems and organizing management, currently oriented according to existing regulatory requirements. The essence of this approach is the fundamental novelty of the control structure, which is only a parametric representation of the existing one. It is necessary to change the entire methodological map of this structure, transfer it to a virtual information map.
It is noted that the property function P is a modulated indicator of the economic state of the producing organization, which determines its stability in competitive conditions. This function is linked to a technological function that describes the dynamics of production in the form of changes in the monetary factor of a given economic system.
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for psychiatric sequelae of torture
Authors: Kim Dongmi , Taneja Ashley , Schiemann John W , Nawab Anam 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The large numbers of torture survivors suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological trauma in the United States suggests pharmacists should be aware of, and attentive to possible drug therapies for this population.
Method: To this end, we systematically review the literature on pharmacotherapy for survivors of torture. Published literature that assessed use of pharmacotherapy in torture victims were searched from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsychInfo and CINAHL. Search terms “torture,” “pharmacotherapy,” “depression OR PTSD,” “refugee OR asylum seekers” and “treatment or rehabilitation” were utilized.
Results: Review of controlled and uncontrolled studies reveal that antidepressants are the most widely studied medications, particularly sertraline, a selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the torture survivor population expanding to refugees and asylum seekers. Anti-adrenergic medications were used as adjunctive treatment in some uncontrolled studies. In randomized controlled trials, pharmacotherapy did not differentiate from placebo in reducing symptoms. Uncontrolled trials had yielded variable outcomes from pharmacotherapy.
Discussion: There is lack of strong evidence in supporting the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Heterogeneity in the study design, patient ethnicity and the social and political status at the time of the study may have contributed in the variable clinical responses to pharmacotherapy.
Evaluation of Plotting Position Formulae for Pearson Type 3 Distribution in Three Hydrological Stations on the Niger River
Authors: Ologhadien Itolima 
Published: October 2021

In this study, eight unbiased plotting position formulae recommended for Pearson Type 3 distribution were evaluated by comparing the simulated series of each formula with the annual maximum series (AMS) of River Niger at Baro, Koroussa and Shintaku hydrological stations, each having data length of 51years, 53 years and 58 years respectively.
The parameters of Pearson Type 3 distribution were computed by the method of moments with corrections for skewness. While the fitting of Pearson Type 3 distribution proceeds with the development of flood – return period (Q-T) relationship, followed by application of the derived Q- T relation to compute simulated discharges for comparison with AMS of the study stations.
The plotting position formulae were evaluated on the basis of optimum values of the statistically goodness-of-fit of probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), percent bias (PBIAS), mean absolute error (MAE) and Nash-sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), across the stations.
The plotting position formulae were ranked on scale of 1 to 8. Thus a plotting formula that best simulates the empirical observations using the goodness-of-measures was scored “1” and so on. The individual scores per plotting position were summed across the gof tests to obtain the total score.
The study show that Chegodayev is the best plotting position formula for Baro, Weibull is the best plotting position Formula for Kourassou and Shintaku hydrological stations. The overall performances of the eight plotting position formulae across the hydrological stations show that weibull distribution is the overall best having scored 27, seconded by Chegodayev with 30 and thirdly, Beard with 38.
The Pearson Type 3 distribution had been found one of the best probability distribution model of flood flow in Nigeria and this study was conducted to gain in-depth knowledge of the distribution. Finally, this study recommends extension of the studies to Log-Pearson Type 3 distribution.
Bullous Dermatoses and Depression
Authors: Pourali Sarah P. , Gutierrez Yasmin , Kucharik Alison H. , Rajkumar Jeffrey R. , Jones Madison E. , Ortiz Isabela , David Michelle , Armstrong April W. 
Published: October 2021

ImportanceThere is a lack of evidence synthesis on the association between bullous skin disease and depression.ObjectiveTo synthesize and interpret the current evidence on the association between bullous skin disease and depression.Evidence ReviewThis review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and reviewed literature related to bullous skin disease and depression in the PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases published between 1945 and February 2021. The quality of each included article was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230750).FindingsA total of 17 articles were identified that analyzed a total of 83 910 patients (55.2% female; specifically, 6951 patients with bullous pemphigoid, 1669 patients with pemphigus, and 79 patients with epidermolysis bullosa were analyzed). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with bullous dermatoses ranged from 40% to 80%. The prevalence of depression diagnosis among patients with bullous dermatoses ranged from 11.4% to 28%.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review, high rates of depression and depressive symptoms existed among patients with bullous skin disease. Adequate treatment of bullous dermatoses may be associated with a decrease in mental health burden on patients.
ILORA: A database of alien vascular flora of India
Authors: Pant Vidushi , Patwardhan Chinmay , Patil Kshitij , Bhowmick Amiya Ranjan , Mukherjee Abhishek , Banerjee Achyut Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiological invasions pose an unprecedented threat to biodiversity and ecosystems at different spatial scales, especially for a biodiversity‐rich developing nation like India. While country‐level checklists of alien taxa are important, databases having their biological and ecological attributes are of paramount importance for facilitating research activities and developing policy interventions. Such a comprehensive database for alien flora is lacking in India.We have curated data for 14 variables related to ecology, biogeography, introduction pathway, socio‐economy and distribution of 1747 alien vascular plant species from 22 national and global sources to produce the Indian Alien Flora Information (ILORA) version 1.0 database. This paper describes the detailed methodology of curating these data along with the rationale behind selecting these variables.The database, the first of its kind for the Indian alien flora, will provide easy access to high‐quality data and offer a ready reference to comprehend the existing scenario of alien plant species in the country. The database is dynamic and will be updated regularly. It has a provision to incorporate user‐submitted data, which will allow increasing the resolution of the database as well as the expansion of its capacity.The database is envisaged to become a nationwide collaborative platform for a wide spectrum of stakeholders. It is freely accessible via an online data repository as well as through a dedicated website (https://ilora2020.wixsite.com/ilora2020).
Cells with cancer‐associated mutations overtake our tissues as we age
Authors: Evans Edward J. , DeGregori James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo shed light on the earliest events in oncogenesis, there is growing interest in understanding the mutational landscapes of normal tissues across ages. In the last decade, next‐generation sequencing of human tissues has revealed a surprising abundance of cells with what would be considered oncogenic mutations.AimsWe performed a meta‐analysis on previously published sequencing data on normal tissues to categorize mutations based on their presence in cancer and showcase the quantity of cells with cancer‐associated mutations in cancer‐free individuals.Methods and resultsWe analyzed sequencing data from these studies of normal tissues to determine the prevalence of cells with mutations in three different categories across multiple age groups: (1) mutations in genes designated as drivers, (2) mutations that are in the Cancer Gene Census (CGC), and (3) mutations in the CGC that are considered pathogenic. As we age, the percentage of cells in all three levels increase significantly, reaching over 50% of cells having oncogenic mutations for multiple tissues in the older age groups. The clear enrichment for these mutations, particularly at older ages, likely indicates a strong selection for the resulting phenotypes. Combined with an estimation of the number of cells in tissues, we calculate that most older, cancer‐free individuals possess at least 100 billion cells that harbor at least one oncogenic mutation, presumably emanating from a fitness advantage conferred by these mutations that promote clonal expansion.ConclusionsThese studies of normal tissues have highlighted the specific drivers of clonal expansion and how frequently they appear in us. Their high prevalence throughout cancer‐free individuals necessitates a reconsideration of the oncogenicity of these mutations, which could shape methods of detection, prevention, and treatment of cancer, as well as of the potential impact of these mutations on tissue function and our health.
Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Miniaturized Chemical Sensing
Authors: Wei Shiyu , Li Zhe , John Alishba , Karawdeniya Buddini I. , Li Ziyuan , Zhang Fanlu , Vora Kaushal , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Murugappan Krishnan , Tricoli Antonio , Fu Lan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChemiresistive sensing is one of the most promising technologies for portable and miniaturized chemical sensing, with applications ranging from air quality monitoring to explosive detection and medical diagnostics. Recently, there have been growing efforts in developing microchip based chemical sensors operating at room temperature with high sensitivity, selectivity, spatial and temporal resolution, long‐term stability, and cost‐effectiveness. Here, the engineering of highly performing miniaturized gas sensors consisting of chemiresistive vertical indium phosphide nanowire (NW) arrays is reported for the first time, and their potential for the selective detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a major air pollutant, is demonstrated. By carefully engineering the NW geometry (i.e., diameter and pitch), a superior sensing performance than those previously reported semiconductor‐based NO2sensors is achieved, obtaining a limit of detection of 3.1 ppb at room temperature, with outstanding selectivity, and long‐term stability. Kinetic analysis and electrical simulation further reveal the array geometry correlated sensing mechanism, providing insights for the design of future NW array‐based devices. These findings indicate that, owing to their unique nanoscale structures, material properties, and CMOS compatible manufacture processes, III‐V compound semiconductor NW arrays present a new and promising chemical sensing platform for development of future high performance, miniaturized on‐chip sensing system.
Engineering Extracellular Vesicles Enriched with Palmitoylated ACE2 as COVID‐19 Therapy
Authors: Xie Feng , Su Peng , Pan Ting , Zhou Xiaoxue , Li Heyu , Huang Huizhe , Wang Aijun , Wang Fangwei , Huang Jun , Yan Haiyan , Zeng Linghui , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key receptor present on cell surfaces that directly interacts with the viral spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It is proposed that inhibiting this interaction can be promising in treating COVID‐19. Here, the presence of ACE2 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) is reported and the EV‐ACE2 levels are determined by protein palmitoylation. The Cys141 and Cys498 residues on ACE2 are S‐palmitoylated by zinc finger DHHC‐Type Palmitoyltransferase 3 (ZDHHC3) and de‐palmitoylated by acyl protein thioesterase 1 (LYPLA1), which is critical for the membrane‐targeting of ACE2 and their EV secretion. Importantly, by fusing the S‐palmitoylation‐dependent plasma membrane (PM) targeting sequence with ACE2, EVs enriched with ACE2 on their surface (referred to as PM‐ACE2‐EVs) are engineered. It is shown that PM‐ACE2‐EVs can bind to the SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐RBD with high affinity and block its interaction with cell surface ACE2 in vitro. PM‐ACE2‐EVs show neutralization potency against pseudotyped and authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 in human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice, efficiently block viral load of authentic SARS‐CoV‐2, and thus protect host against SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced lung inflammation. The study provides an efficient engineering protocol for constructing a promising, novel biomaterial for application in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against COVID‐19.
Enabling Quasi‐2D Perovskite‐Compatible Growth Environment for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ali Muhammad Umair , Cai Wanqing , Cai Jinqiao , Miao Jingsheng , Zhang Siwei , Chen Jingwei , Xiao Li , Meng Hong , Yan Chaoyi , Wei Guodan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the rapid advancement in electroluminescence efficiencies of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), it remains challenging to achieve efficient and reproducible devices. Herein, an effective vapor‐assisted growth (VAG) method is proposed to develop quasi‐2D perovskite thin‐films via creating a saturated dimethyl sulfoxide vapor environment. The VAG‐optimized perovskite films with a composition of PEA2(FAPbBr3)n−1PbBr4 display uniformly distributed nanograins with graded energy landscape and compact surface, contributing to enhanced radiative and suppressed nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the PeLEDs incorporating VAG‐based films with a device architecture of indium tin oxide/poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl)‐diphenylamine)/perovskite/(1,3,5‐tris(phenyl‐2‐benzimidazolyl)benzene)/Yb/Ag demonstrate a peak current efficiency of 27.1 cd A−1 (@ 532 nm) with an external quantum efficiency of 6.50% and a maximum luminance of 17 610 cd m−2. Notably, champion PeLEDs manifest considerably curtailed efficiency roll‐off as ≈50% of the peak efficiency is preserved even at a very high luminance of 15 000 cd m−2. Meanwhile, VAG‐based PeLEDs exhibit improved reproducibility compared to the control counterparts. It is anticipated that this work would promote the development of reliable solution‐processing methods toward stabilized perovskite‐based photonics.
A 10 nm Short Channel MoS2 Transistor without the Resolution Requirement of Photolithography
Authors: Wu Fan , Ren Jie , Yang Yi , Yan Zhaoyi , Tian He , Gou Guangyang , Wang Xuefeng , Zhang Zijian , Yang Xin , Wu Xing , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMoS2 is considered a promising candidate as a channel material for the next generation semiconductor devices owing to its atomic thickness and electrical properties. However, due to the limited resolution of the photolithography, the short channel length MoS2 transistor is still inclusive. In this work, a method to fabricate MoS2 transistors with short channel length is demonstrated, which is realized by the self‐oxidization of aluminum to form an effective isolation between the source and drain electrodes. By this method, 10 nm transistors with 3.65 nm thick multilayer MoS2 are realized. Despite the short channel length, the devices still exhibit a good on/off ratio. Both the transmission electron microscope image and electrical characteristics reveal the realization of 10 nm short channel, and the simulation results also prove it. Throughout aluminum self‐oxidization technology, transistors with 10 nm channel length can be defined by lithography with 100 nm precision. The 2D transistors with self‐oxidized short channel length reduce the threshold of the 10 nm channel's fabrication, and provide new opportunities for scaling down the 2D material‐based transistors.
Variable clinical severity in TANGO2 deficiency: Case series and literature review
Authors: Schymick Jennifer , Leahy Peter , Cowan Tina , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Gates Ryan , Fernandez Liliana , Pramanik Gopal ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Yarlagadda Vamsi , Wheeler Matthew , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Enns Gregory M. , Lee Chung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in the TANGO2 (transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog) gene have been identified as causing a rare metabolic disorder characterized by susceptibility to recurrent rhabdomyolysis, lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, and life‐threatening tachyarrhythmias. Recently published reports suggest variable clinical severity and phenotypes. This study details five new patients from two families with biallelic pathogenic variants in the TANGO2 gene identified by whole exome sequencing and includes the largest number of affected individuals from a single family reported to date. We document significant intrafamilial variability and highlight that milder phenotypes may be underrecognized. We present biochemical and clinical data to help highlight the features that aid in consideration of this condition in the differential with disorders of fatty acid oxidation. We also present a comprehensive literature review summarizing the molecular, clinical, and biochemical findings for 92 individuals across 13 publications. Of the 27 pathogenic variants reported to date, the recurrent exons 3–9 deletion represents the most common variant seen in 42% of individuals with TANGO2 deficiency. Common clinical features seen in >70% of all individuals include acute metabolic crisis, rhabdomyolysis, neurologic abnormalities, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Findings such as elevated creatine kinase, hypothyroidism, ketotic hypoglycemia, QT prolongation, or abnormalities of long‐chain acylcarnitines and urine dicarboxylic acids should raise clinical suspicion for this life‐threatening condition.
Blood testosterone levels in sickness and in health: Male chimpanzee testosterone levels decrease in face of an immune challenge
Authors: Sonnweber Ruth , Stevens Jeroen M. G. , Hohmann Gottfried , Deschner Tobias , Behringer Verena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an integral part of the immune response, testosterone secretion is inhibited when an individual is confronted with an immune challenge. Testosterone‐mediated physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits are compromised at times of impaired health. Nevertheless, males of some species seem to maintain high levels of testosterone when confronted with an immune challenge, upholding competitive strength but compromising their immune response. It has been argued that this phenomenon will occur only in species living in social systems with high degrees of male‐male competition over mating opportunities. Male chimpanzees contest over access to fertile females and dominants sire the majority of offspring. This male mating pattern makes chimpanzees a candidate species where we could expect males to maintain high testosterone levels, compromising their immune response, to ensure immediate reproductive success. We measured blood testosterone levels in male and female chimpanzees, who expressed clinical symptoms (symptomatic) or showed no evidence of clinical disease on assessment (asymptomatic). For females, we expected to find lower testosterone levels in symptomatic individuals than in asymptomatic subjects. In males, we would predict lower testosterone levels in symptomatic individuals than in asymptomatic males, if the immune response leads to a decrease in testosterone secretion. Alternatively, males could have equal levels of testosterone when symptomatic and asymptomatic, upholding competitive strength. Our results show that male chimpanzees exhibit lower levels of testosterone when confronted with an immune challenge than when being asymptomatic. This suggests that male testosterone secretion is suppressed as part of the immune response, which potentially increases survival and lifetime reproductive success. It will, however, negatively impact momentary competitive ability. Also, males may employ different mating strategies, some of which are less testosterone‐driven (e.g., affiliative strategies). Consequently, in some individuals, the costs of maintaining high testosterone levels may not outweigh the potential gain in reproductive success.