bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Nanozymes with Optimized Reactivity and Utilization of Active Sites for Effective Peroxidase (and Oxidase) Mimicking
Authors: Zhang Jieru , Wu Tai‐Sing , Thang Ho Viet , Tseng Kai‐Yu , Hao Xiaodong , Xu Bingshe , Chen Hsin‐Yi Tiffany , Peng Yung‐Kang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts have attracted attention in the past decade since they maximize the utilization of active sites and facilitate the understanding of product distribution in some catalytic reactions. Recently, this idea has been extended to single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) for the mimicking of natural enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) often used in bioanalytical applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that those SAzymes without constructing the reaction pocket of HRP still undergo the OH radical‐mediated pathway like most of the reported nanozymes. Their positively charged single‐atom centers resulting from support electronegative oxygen/nitrogen hinder the reductive conversion of H2O2 to OH radicals and hence display low activity per site. In contrast, it is found that this step can be facilitated over their metallic counterparts on cluster nanozymes with much higher site activity and atom efficiency (cf. SAzymes with 100% atom utilization). Besides the mimicking of HRP in glucose detection, cluster nanozymes are also demonstrated as a better oxidase mimetic for glutathione detection.
Neodymium (3+)‐Coordinated Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots with Retrievable NIR/X‐Ray Optoelectronic Switching Effect for Anti‐Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhao Caiyan , Fu Qinrui , Ye Jiamin , Su Lichao , Ge Xiaoguang , Chen Lanlan , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeteroatom interaction of atomically thin nanomaterials enables the improvement of electronic transfer, band structure, and optical properties. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) are considered to be candidate diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents due to their innate biocompatibility and exceptional photochemical effects. However, BP QDs are not competitive regarding second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window medical diagnosis and X‐ray induced phototherapy. Here, an Nd3+ ion coordinated BP QD (BPNd) is synthesized with the aim to sufficiently improve its performances in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and X‐ray induced photodynamic therapy, benefitting from the retrievable NIR/X‐ray optoelectronic switching effects between BP QD and Nd3+ ion. Given its ultrasmall size and efficient cargo loading capacity, BPNd can easily cross the blood–brain barrier to precisely monitor the growth of glioblastoma through intracranial NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and impede its progression by specific X‐ray induced, synergistic photodynamic chemotherapy.
MXene‐Sponge Based High‐Performance Piezoresistive Sensor for Wearable Biomonitoring and Real‐Time Tactile Sensing
Authors: Wei Qikun , Chen Guorui , Pan Hong , Ye Zongbiao , Au Christian , Chen Chunxu , Zhao Xun , Zhou Yihao , Xiao Xiao , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong , Xie Guangzhong , Su Yuanjie , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrode microfabrication technologies such as lithography and deposition have been widely applied in wearable electronics to boost interfacial coupling efficiency and device performance. However, a majority of these approaches are restricted by expensive and complicated processing techniques, as well as waste discharge. Here, helium plasma irradiation is employed to yield a molybdenum microstructured electrode, which is constructed into a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a Ti3C2Tx nanosheet‐immersed polyurethane sponge. This electrode engineering strategy enables the smooth transition between sponge deformation and MXene interlamellar displacement, giving rise to high sensitivity (1.52 kPa−1) and good linearity (r2 = 0.9985) in a wide sensing range (0–100 kPa) with a response time of 226 ms for pressure detection. In addition, both the experimental characterization and finite element simulation confirm that the hierarchical structures modulated by pore size, plasma bias, and MXene concentration play a crucial role in improving the sensing performance. Furthermore, the as‐developed flexible pressure sensor is demonstrated to measure human radial pulse, detect finger tapping, foot stomping, and perform object identification, revealing great feasibility in wearable biomonitoring and health assessment.
Octaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) as an Organic Electrode for Li and Na Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Liu Si‐Yu , Shin Ji‐Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries have come into the spotlight due to their structural tunability and diversity. In this study, it is found that bisnickel(II) meso‐mesityloctaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) (Oct) is exhibiting multiple oxidation states with extended π‐conjugation pathways to afford an active electrode material in Li and Na‐organic batteries and secure interactions with Li+ (or Na+) and anions enabling efficient dual ionic charge/discharge behaviors. Cyclic voltammograms of the Oct electrode elucidate constantly reversible redox processes in both Li and Na organic batteries and pseudocapacitive behaviors at high currents. Subsequent absorption transformations in CV‐UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopic analysis and TD‐DFT calculations upon the different redox states of Oct conclusively indicate that six electrons are involved in redox‐interconversions per unit cycle with corresponding absorption transformations, which also assessed with charge‐and‐discharge cell capacities. Significant contributions of the pseudocapacitive processes over the diffusion‐controlled processes proceeding in Li‐ and Na‐Oct cells induced fast charge/discharge performance and long‐term cyclability.
Routine disclosure statements about ultrasound examinations during Covid‐19 pandemic are unhelpful and should be avoided
Authors: Necas Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious routine disclosure statements relating to the performance of ultrasound (US) during the COVID‐19 pandemic are finding their way into radiology reports. These statements usually suggest that US examinations during the pandemic, or on a COVID‐19 positive patient, are somehow limited and urge the clinicians to reflect on these considerations when accepting radiology reports. However, such disclosure statements are generally unhelpful to clinicians and are not consistent with the realities of current clinical US practice. This article provides a critique of these disclosure statements and concludes by discouraging sonographers and radiologists from making such statements as a routine part of their clinical ultrasound reports.
Application of fiber optic measurement in textile‐reinforced concrete testing
Authors: Becks Henrik , Bielak Jan , Camps Benjamin , Hegger Josef 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn research on concrete constructions, fiber optic sensor technology is becoming increasingly important. It enables high‐frequency and quasi‐continuous measurement of temperature and strain distribution. Furthermore, this technology offers the opportunity to determine the crack width within the cross section of specimens and not, as with conventional instrumentation, only from the outside. While experience for application of fiber sensors in steel‐reinforced concrete research already exists for several years, only few findings are available for textile‐reinforced concrete (TRC). This article gives a short overview of the principle of fiber optic sensor technology, presents possible concepts for utilization in TRC testing, and explains the necessary post‐processing steps for the preparation of the measurement results by means of an example from current research. Finally, the results are validated with conventional measuring methods and the applicability and further challenges are discussed.
Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys
Authors: Manzitto‐Tripp Erin A. , Darbyshire Iain , Daniel Thomas F. , Kiel Carrie A. , McDade Lucinda A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcanthaceae are among the most taxonomically diverse, geographically widespread, and morphologically and ecologically variable lineages of flowering plants. Most modern workers have estimated more than 4000 species and potentially more than 5000 species worldwide, thus placing Acanthaceae among the 12 or so most diverse families of angiosperms. This diversity is marked by exceptional morphological variation, particularly with respect to floral forms, growth forms, and pollen types. The present work represents a synthesis of knowledge generated over the past two decades on the taxonomy and systematics of this complex plant family. We place all 191 accepted genera within a revised classification of the family. Dichotomous keys (nine in total) to recognize the major lineages of Acanthaceae are presented together with geographically partitioned keys to all genera, covering (a) Africa, Madagascar, the Mediterranean region, and Arabia; (b) Asia and Australasia; and (c) the Americas. Finally, we validate several new tribes, subtribes, and genera, and provide new combinations for species where generic delimitation has changed. Our hope is that the present contribution serves to benefit future research on the systematics of Acanthaceae and provides a foundation upon which future classification efforts can be built.
A grounded theory model of the dynamics of undergraduate engineering students' researcher identity and epistemic thinking
Authors: Faber Courtney J. , Kajfez Rachel L. , Lee Dennis M. , Benson Lisa C. , Kennedy Marian S. , Creamer Elizabeth G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUndergraduate research experiences (UREs) in science and engineering offer a number of positive outcomes to the students who are able to participate, including increased retention, clarified career goals, and development of problem‐solving skills. There have been a number of calls for research that investigates the experiences, identity, and cognitive develop of students who participate in UREs. In addition, recent work in other areas suggests that undergraduate students' perceptions often differ from those of faculty, graduate students, and staff, suggesting the need for research that considers the students' perspectives within these experiences. As such, in this constructivist grounded theory study, we sought to develop a contextualized model relating researcher identity and epistemic thinking for undergraduate engineering students engaged in research experiences. Data were collected from interviews with 20 undergraduate engineering students with research experience at six institutions. Coded interview transcripts were used to create structured memos that included a participant description, summary of salient concepts from theoretical frameworks and/or themes, and connections to other participants. These structured memos served as the data set used to develop the grounded theory model. This work establishes that (1) students' initial dispositions and beliefs about research influence their perceptions of researchers and themselves as researchers (researcher identity), (2) researcher identity can dissolve or solidify through UREs, (3) researcher identity affects and is affected by students' reflection on research practices, and (4) social interactions and context shape knowledge of research and researchers, researcher identity, and interest in research. Our work expands existing identity and epistemic thinking theories by investigating how students establish a researcher identity, conducting a context specific study of epistemic thinking, and exploring the relationships between these two constructs.
A smartDOPO‐containing decoration armed on Salen‐polyphosphazene toward high‐efficient flame retardancy for epoxy thermoset
Authors: Yang Baoping , Zhao Pengju , Guo Yongliang , Mao Xin , Li Ting , Cui Jinfeng , Guo Junhong , Mu Bo , Tian Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUse of Salen‐phosphazene (Salen‐PZN) complex for flame retardant polymeric materials demonstrate good flame retardancy due to their abundant flame retardant elements and aromatic‐rich structure. To further enhance their flame retardancy and interaction with the matrix, phosphorous (DK) was armed on nickel‐based Salen‐polyphosphazene complex (DK@Salen‐PZN‐Ni) as a smart decoration. The composite with DK decoration has higher tensile strength than the DK‐free composite. Moreover, cone calorimeter study showed that with 3 wt% total additive loading, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and peak smoke rate (pSPR) of DK@Salen‐PZN‐Ni/EP composite were reduced by 21.0% and 30.3%, respectively when compared with pure EP. The limited oxygen index of the composite was 30.2%, while the vertical burning test (UL‐94) reached the V‐1 rate. Flame retardance mechanism of DK@Salen‐PZN‐Ni was discussed in detail. The designing of flame retardants alleviated the mechanical property failure and improved the flame retardancy of polymeric composite.
The use of the roter interaction analysis system in assessing veterinary student clinical communication skills during equine wellness examinations in rural Kentucky, USA: A pilot study
Authors: Pereira Mary Mauldin , Artemiou Elpida , De Pedro Pedro , Adams Cindy , Ritter Caroline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective clinical communication can aid veterinarians in building good client relationships, increase adherence to recommendations and, ultimately, improve patient health and welfare. However, available information on veterinary communication in the equine context is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the communication of veterinary students in the equine environment who had previous communication training. Additionally, we assessed the suitability of the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) for the analysis of audio‐video recordings of equine wellness consultations.MethodsTwenty‐seven equine wellness consultations performed by second‐year Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine students were recorded in rural Kentucky, United States of America. Recordings were submitted to a professional coder who applied the RIAS to the equine context by expanding or adjusting code definitions.ResultsA substantial amount of utterances (i.e. segments of speech) were allocated to core communication skills including building rapport (30%), facilitation and client activation (24%) and education and counselling (23%). There was a large variation in utterances used among consultations of the same veterinary student and students; they did not appear anxious or nervous.ConclusionsStudents made use of core communication skills, indicating that experiences from pre‐clinical training could be transferred to equine practice. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the RIAS could be considered for consecutive studies aiming to provide observational data on clinical communication in the equine context.
Hypocoercivity and controllability in linear semi‐dissipative Hamiltonian ordinary differential equations and differential‐algebraic equations
Authors: Achleitner Franz , Arnold Anton , Mehrmann Volker 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor the classes of finite‐dimensional linear time‐invariant semi‐dissipative Hamiltonian ordinary differential equations and differential‐algebraic equations with constant coefficients, stability and hypocoercivity are discussed and related to concepts from control theory. On the basis of staircase forms, the solution behavior is characterized and connected to the hypocoercivity index of these evolution equations. The results are applied to two infinite‐dimensional flow problems.
Electricity Utility Companies Entering Private Sector Markets
Authors: Abegg Andreas , Baumann Phil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOn the one hand, energy utility companies (EUCs) fulfill public tasks assigned to them by the state. On the other hand, they are also often active as entrepreneurs in the free market. For example, they supply electricity products to major customers, install photovoltaic and e-mobility systems and provide services in the areas of building technology, metering and telecommunications. In such private sector activities, energy utility companies potentially enjoy unjustified advantages due to the fact that they are publicly controlled and perform public tasks: they receive particularly good financing conditions, are taxed on a privileged basis and benefit from economies of scope and information advantages when public and private sector tasks are carried out in parallel. Such privileges may distort competition or prevent companies from entering a market. This chapter examines the legal requirements for dealing with this issue and proposes specific measures with which legislators and authorities can avoid harmful effects of private sector activities by EUCs.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
Authors: Kachi Aya , Hettich Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe work presented in this volume is a compilation of research highlights that represent numerous studies carried out by researchers within the Energy Governance Work Package (WP4) of the Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Society and Transition (SCCER CREST). As our Introduction has illustrated in detail, these researchers worked together under common scientific interests in providing recommendations to overcome governance challenges in the course of the energy transition in Switzerland. Despite the variety of disciplines involved in this group, the conscious decision not to over-precise the shared notion of governance has successfully guided this challenging but fruitful four-year collaboration. These findings should help identify basic designs and structural principles of good energy governance, i.e., governance that is more effective, efficient, and transparent. The conclusion chapter summarizes these guiding principles and further challenges that emerged from our research in the context of Swiss energy governance.
The Design of the Swiss Feed-In Tariff
Authors: Haelg Leonore , Schmidt Tobias S. , Sewerin Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn light of climate change mitigation and the transformation of the energy sector, many jurisdictions have adopted deployment policies for renewable energy (RE) technologies. Several RE deployment policy instruments have diffused from frontrunner countries to other jurisdictions. Switzerland implemented its first comprehensive RE support policy with the adoption of a cost-covering and technology-specific feed-in tariff in 2009, following Germany’s example. Yet, policy designs look very different in the two countries and, importantly, also result in different policy outcomes. In this chapter, we examine the reasons for these policy design differences. We unpack the design of the Swiss feed-in tariff and analyze which of the policy’s elements were directly adopted from Germany and which were accommodated to the Swiss context and why. In particular, we compare the specific instrument designs for two renewable power generation technologies, solar photovoltaics (PV) and biomass, and study the role of technology-related actors in shaping these policy designs. We draw from the policy diffusion and policy transfer literatures and offer important extensions to the literature by showing that, instead of entire policies, it is possible that only certain design elements of a policy diffuse from one jurisdiction to another. Additionally, we find that the composition of the existing technology-related actor bases in the donor and recipient countries is important in determining whether the accommodation of the design elements to the domestic context occurs.
The Knights of Science: Medicine and Mythology
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter Taylor-Pirie examines how parasitologists invoked myths of British nationhood in their professional self-fashioning to frame themselves as knights of science fighting on behalf of Imperial Britain. Analysing scientific lectures, political speeches, letter correspondence, obituaries, medical biographies, and journalistic essays, she draws attention to the prominence of Arthurian legend and Greco-Roman mythology in conceptualisations of parasitology, arguing that such literary-linguistic practices sought to reimagine the relationship between medicine and empire by adapting historical and poetic models of chivalry. In this way, individual researchers were lionised as national heroes and their research framed as labour that could command the longevity of legendary stories like those recounted in Homeric poems and medieval romance. In acclimatisation debates, the tropics were frequently conceptualised in relation to the Greek Underworld, a suite of references that together with dragon slaying and the quest narrative helped to position parasitology as a type of ‘crusading fiction’ in the context of the Victorian medieval revival.
Microbial Empires: Active Transmission Strategies and Postcolonial Critique
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter Taylor-Pirie illuminates how the microbiological imagination made its mark on anxious imperial fictions by close reading H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1898) and John Masefield’s Multitude and Solitude (1909) alongside parasitologists’ characterisations of parasite-vector-host relationships. The anthropocentric semantics of war, violence, and criminality characterised tropical illness as another form of colonial insurrection, bolstering the biopolitical power of medicine as an extension of the disciplinary law-and-order state. She interrogates the collision of the ‘medicine as war’ metaphor with a medicalised concept of ‘the Other’ to think through biomedical and national identity—as well as the discomforting agency of non-human vectors—in Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), H. P. Lovecraft and Hazel Heald’s ‘Wingéd Death’ (1934), and the poetry and correspondence of parasitologists. Taylor-Pirie examines how vengeful insects, alien invasions, microbial villains, and the supernatural gave shape to the anxiety that Britain’s geopolitical relationships were immersing the imperial capital in a global marketplace of pathogens. By excavating the medical and political contexts of popular cultural forms like the vampire, she historicises lexes of contagion and parasitism that persist in contemporary political discourse surrounding immigration.
Einführung
Authors: Gethmann Carl Friedrich , Buxmann Peter , Distelrath Julia , Humm Bernhard G. , Lingner Stephan , Nitsch Verena , Schmidt Jan C. , Spiecker genannt Döhmann Indra 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung„Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI) ist ein Begriff, der zur Zeit große öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit erfährt. Die hohe Dynamik in diesem Bereich erfordert es, nicht nur bei der Klärung der Bedingungen, Wirkungen und Folgen hinsichtlich Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft stehenzubleiben: Es scheint vielmehr ein grundlegenderer Zugang zur Rolle von KI notwendig zu sein. Da in modernen Wissensgesellschaften wissenschaftliche Forschung wesentlicher Treiber gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklungen ist, ist zu fragen, ob Forschungshandeln und Wissenserzeugung durch künstliche Intelligenz vor einem epochalen Wandel stehen und vor allem wie sich entsprechende Arbeitswelten verändern werden. Wird zum Beispiel der Mensch durch KI zu einer Randerscheinung in der Forschungspraxis oder wird er hier weiterhin zentraler Akteur bleiben?
The AdS3 × S1 chiral ring
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Li Songyuan , Troost Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study AdS3× S1× Y supersymmetric string theory backgrounds with Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz flux that are dual to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal theories on the boundary. We classify all worldsheet vertex operators that correspond to space-time chiral primaries. We compute space-time chiral ring structure constants for operators in the zero spectral flow sector using the operator product expansion in the worldsheet theory. We find that the structure constants take a universal form that depends only on the topological data of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal theory on Y.