bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding ad hoc categories in Georgian
Authors: Kikvidze Zaal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter is a discussion of Georgian echo-word
constructions (non-prototypical reduplication) as a linguistic
encoding of ad hoc categories. Based on the empirical data (published
texts, corpora, elicited examples), I present a classification of
Georgian echo-word constructions into three types with their
respective formal and semantic features. With respect to possible
parameters of base/reduplicant combinations, such as (a) free/bound
form, (b) kind and direction of copying, (c) meaning of resulting
formation, the following three types were identified: Type 1:
Turkish-like m-reduplication; Type 2: Initial
C/cluster deletion; Type 3: Fossilized echo-pairs. Notwithstanding a
type, they all, to a certain extent, participate in the encoding of ad
hoc categories in Georgian.
Why it’s hard to construct ad hoc number concepts
Authors: Ariel Mira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lexical meanings are routinely adjusted in order to
evoke ad hoc concepts. But number words pose a unique challenge. Carston (2002) discusses two
relevant interpretative processes in this connection. Broadening (as
in metaphorical uses) introduces an ad hoc concept by incorporating
interpretations that fall outside the lexeme’s linguistic meaning, and
narrowing (e.g., interpreting finger as ‘index
finger’) restricts the lexical meaning to a subset of its senses. I
here argue that number words impose restrictions on the construction
of such ad hoc concepts: (i) (nonround) number words cannot undergo
narrowing, and (ii) when broadened (interpreted as ‘approximately N’),
number words typically require explicit marking (e.g., about
N). Both restrictions stem from a single fact: Number
words lack a prototype category structure (Lakoff 1972; Rosch & Mervis 1975). I support these
claims with corpus analyses (The Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken
American English, The Longman Corpus of Spoken American English and
the British National Corpus).
Asymptotic structure with vanishing cosmological constant
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Francisco , Senovilla José M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This is the first of two papers (Fernández-Álvarez F and Senovilla J M M 2021 Class. Quant. Grav
39 165012) devoted to the asymptotic structure of space-time in the presence of a non-negative cosmological constant Λ. This first paper is concerned with the case of Λ = 0. Our approach is fully based on the tidal nature of the gravitational field and therefore on the ‘tidal energies’ built with the Weyl curvature. In particular, we use the (radiant) asymptotic supermomenta computed from the rescaled Weyl tensor at infinity to provide a novel characterisation of radiation escaping from, or entering into, the space-time. Our new criterion is easy to implement and shown to be fully equivalent to the classical one based on the news tensor. One of its virtues is that its formulation can be easily adapted to the case with Λ > 0 covered in the second paper. We derive the general energy–momentum-loss formulae including the matter terms and all factors associated to the choices of arbitrary foliation and of super-translation. We also revisit and present a full reformulation of the traditional peeling behaviour with a neat geometrical construction that leads, in particular, to an asymptotic alignment of the supermomenta in accordance with the radiation criterion.
Dynamic behaviours of double-ended tuning fork based comb-driven microelectromechanical resonators for modulating magnetic flux synchronously
Authors: Liu Zhenxi , Chen Jiamin , Yang Wuhao , Zheng Tianyi , Jiao Qifeng , Zou Xudong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators have been widely used in the magneto-resistive (MR) sensor for modulating the magnetic flux to enhance the detection limit. However, the manufacturing tolerances in MEMS fabrication processes make it challenging to fabricate the identical resonators with the same vibration frequency, which greatly decreases the detection limit of the MR sensor. To synchronize the MEMS resonators and improve the performance of the MR sensor, the double-ended tuning fork (DETF) based comb-driven MEMS resonators is proposed in this paper, making the system operate at the out-of-phase mode to complete the synchronization. The dynamic behaviour of the resonators is investigated through theoretical analysis, numerical solution based on MATLAB code and Simulink, and experimental verification. The results show that the transverse capacitances in the comb will significantly affect the resonance frequency due to the second-order electrostatic spring constant. It is the first time to observe the phenomenon that the resonant frequency increases with the increase of the bias, and it can also decrease with increasing the bias through adjusting the initial space between the fixed finger and the moving mass, they are different from the model about spring softening and spring hardening. Besides, the proposed DETF based comb-driven resonators can suppress the in-phase and out-of-phase mode through adjusting the driving and sensing ports, and sensing method, meanwhile make the magnetic flux modulation fully synchronized, and maximize the modulation efficiency, and minimize the detection limit. These characteristics are appropriate for the MR sensor, even other devices that need to adjust the resonance frequency and vibration amplitude. Furthermore, the model and the design can also be extended to characteristic the single end tuning fork based MEMS resonator and other MEMS-based MR sensors.
Femtosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy of pyrazine at the nitrogen K-edge: on the validity of the Lorentzian limit
Authors: Freibert Antonia , Mendive-Tapia David , Huse Nils , Vendrell Oriol 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We calculate the femtosecond x-ray absorption spectrum of pyrazine at the nitrogen K-edge including the wavepacket dynamics in both the valence and core-excited state manifolds. We do not invoke the widely used short-time (or Lorentzian) approximation which neglects the nuclear dynamics after the x-ray probe excitation. Instead, we calculate the x-ray-induced polarization in the time-domain where the optical pump as well as x-ray probe pulses are explicitly described. While the non-adiabatic population transfer following the optical excitation is well reproduced in the Lorentzian limit the transient x-ray absorption spectra obtained under this approximation lack some vibronic features, even when considering the short core-hole lifetime of nitrogen. We further demonstrate the effect of an increasingly longer pulse on the observed photo-triggered wavepacket dynamics which are blurred to the point that the x-ray probe response becomes effectively time-independent.
Efficient arbitrary polarized light focusing by silicon cross-shaped metaatoms
Authors: Bazouband Fatemeh , Bazouband Elaheh , Golestanizade Tahereh , Jabbar Sadooni Amirhossein , Mousavifard Maryam , Karimullah Affar S , Kumar Reddy Andra Naresh , Hashemi Mahdieh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The functionality of most of the metasurfaces that have been investigated so far, especially in illuminations with arbitrarily linearly polarized incident light, are restricted to x- or y-polarized incoming light. In particular, filtering out one of the two orthogonal polarizations of the incoming electromagnetic wave loses the incident light energy and limits the potential performance of the metasurface. In this study, by utilizing the cross-shaped silicon metaatoms that support the simultaneous excitation of electric and magnetic dipoles under the illumination of both x- and y- orthogonal polarizations, we overcome the polarization-restricted functionality of the metalenses. By selecting the metaatoms arrangement in the metalens structure, which follows the hyperbolic phase profiles for both x- and y-polarized incoming light waves at the same time, we obtain the light intensity distribution with the extended depth of focus (EDOF) or enhanced intensities at the focal spot with the focusing efficiency 65% for the numerical aperture of 0.7. Utilizing metaatoms with the ability to control the two orthogonal incoming polarizations develops a new methodology for using the full potential and intensity of the arbitrary polarized incoming light. The present design concept of metaatoms has several advantages that are not limited to metalenses alone but can be applied in all metasurfaces realized to have good efficiency. Finally, the proposed metalenses are suitable for imaging, optical tweezers and lithography applications, where subwavelength light intensity distributions with EDOF are the most desirable property.
Role of inelastic couplings in 4He + 208Pb elastic scattering in a wide energy range
Authors: Chamon L C , Gasques L R , Zamora J C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phenomenological strengths of the real part of the optical potential, obtained from elastic scattering data analyses within the optical model (OM) approach, present significant energy-dependence. This behavior has been associated with the intrinsic energy-dependence of the effective nucleon–nucleon interaction. However, in earlier works, we proposed that at least part of this dependence can arise from the effect of couplings to inelastic states of the nuclei. In order to deepen this study, in this paper we present extensive data analyses for the elastic scattering and inelastic excitation of 111 states of 208Pb, for the 4He + 208Pb system in a wide energy range. For the purpose of comparison, the theoretical cross sections are obtained using different approaches for the imaginary part of the potential, and within both contexts: OM (distorted wave Born approximation) and coupled-channel calculations.
Epitaxial growth of bilayer Bi(110) on two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Xi Yilian , Zhao Mengting , Feng Haifeng , Sun Ying , Man Xingkun , Xu Xun , Hao Weichang , Dou Shixue , Du Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with selective compositions play an important role in creating novel functionalities. Effective interface coupling between 2D ferromagnet and electronic materials would enable the generation of exotic physical phenomena caused by intrinsic symmetry breaking and proximity effect at interfaces. Here, epitaxial growth of bilayer Bi(110) on 2D ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) with large magnetic anisotropy has been reported. Bilayer Bi(110) islands are found to extend along fixed lattice directions of FGT. The six preferred orientations could be divided into two groups of three-fold symmetry axes with the difference approximately to 26°. Moreover, dI/dV measurements confirm the existence of interface coupling between bilayer Bi(110) and FGT. A variation of the energy gap at the edges of bilayer Bi(110) is also observed which is modulated by the interface coupling strengths associated with its buckled atomic structure. This system provides a good platform for further study of the exotic electronic properties of epitaxial Bi(110) on 2D ferromagnetic substrate and promotes potential applications in the field of spin devices.
Structural design and performance analysis of a self-driven articulated arm coordinate measuring machine
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Shen Mei , Zhang Mengyao , Cheng Jingjing , Hu Tingting , Hu Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem that a traditional articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) cannot measure automatically, a self-driven AACMM is proposed. Based on the self-driven AACMM design indicators, the length of the connecting rods of the self-driven AACMM was allocated. The self-driven AACMM virtual prototype was designed and assembled based on joint module selection and joint component design, and its measurement space range was also verified. The key components of the structural optimized design and dynamic performance analysis of motion parameters are adopted, respectively, to correct the positioning error of the self-driven AACMM’s probe caused by static and dynamic deformations. The static deformation of the structure caused by the self-driven AACMM’s weight was analyzed. The influence of the dynamic flexible deformation on the positioning error of the probe of the self-driven AACMM during the variable-speed approach and the constant-speed touch measurement stage was studied. The results show that the measurement space range of the self-driven AACMM designed in this paper can meet the design index of the measuring radius. The probe position error caused by static deformation of the measuring machine after structural optimization is reduced by an order of magnitude, and the equivalent stress of the mechanical structure of the self-driven AACMM is within the allowable stress of the material. The positioning error of the probe caused by the dynamic deformation of the self-driven AACMM structure meets the positioning accuracy index. During the stage of self-driven AACMM constant-speed touch measurement, the instantaneous position error of the probe changes linearly with the touch time and the optimal touch speed (6.6 mm s−1, 6.4 mm s−1) exists to minimize the probe positioning error. During the variable-speed approach stage, the influence of the angular acceleration and the angular velocity of each joint on the positioning error of the probe is negligible when the self-driven AACMM is in the typical posture. In the extreme posture, with the optimal joint angular acceleration (

0.00055
∘

s

−
2

) and angular velocity (

0.0185
∘

s

−
1

), the inertial force of the measuring machine structure and the instantaneous position error of the probe are the smallest, and the movement stability is the best. The structural optimization design and motion parameter performance analyses of the self-driven AACMM can provide a theoretical research foundation for subsequent motion parameter optimization and dynamic error compensation modeling.
Designing of a pH-activatable carbon dots as a luminescent nanoprobe for recognizing folate receptor-positive cancer cells
Authors: Rashidi Elham , Esfandiari Neda , Ranjbar Zahra , Alvandi Nikta , Fatahi Zahra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During recent years, cancer has been recognized as a well-known disorder all over the world. One of the important factors to tackle this problem better than past decades is early diagnosis that takes into practice by state-of-the-art visual equipment for detection cancer cells. Herein, in this research, we synthesized carbon dots with pH-dependent behavior from a green source by hydrothermal method with high quantum yield and blue fluorescence. Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots by an efficient and optimal conjugation method were set upped which determined cancer cells visually. These synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles entered into the cancer cells more comprehensive than normal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and could distinguish cancer cells from normal ones by fluorescence imaging. Ultimately, synthesized nanoparticles in this research can be considered as an efficient fluorescent nanoprobe for cancer pre-diagnosis.
Biocompatibility of electrospun cell culture scaffolds made from balangu seed mucilage/PVA composites
Authors: Allafchian Alireza , Saeedi Shiva , Jalali Seyed Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of Balangu (Lallemantia royleana) seed mucilage (BSM) solutions combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was studied for the purpose of producing 3D electrospun cell culture scaffolds. Production of pure BSM nanofibers proved to be difficult, yet integration of PVA contributed to a facile and successful formation of BSM/PVA nanofibers. Different BSM/PVA ratios were fabricated to achieve the desired nanofibrous structure for cell proliferation. It is found that the optimal bead-free ratio of 50/50 with a mean fiber diameter of ≈180 nm presents the most desirable scaffold structure for cell growth. The positive effect of PVA incorporation was approved by analyzing BSM/PVA solutions through physiochemical assays such as electrical conductivity, viscosity and surface tension tests. According to the thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), incorporation of PVA enhanced thermal stability of the samples. Successful fabrication of the nanofibers is verified by FT-IR spectra, where no major chemical interaction between BSM and PVA is detected. The crystallinity of the electrospun nanofibers is investigated by XRD, revealing the nearly amorphous structure of BSM/PVA scaffolds. The MTT assay is employed to verify the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The cell culture experiment using epithelial Vero cells shows the affinity of the cells to adhere to their nanofibrous substrate and grow to form continuous cell layers after 72 h of incubation.
The CMB bispectrum from bouncing cosmologies
Authors: Delgado Paola C. M. , Durrer Ruth , Pinto-Neto Nelson 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we compute the CMB bispectrum for bouncing models motivated by Loop Quantum Cosmology. Despite the fact that the primordial bispectrum of these models is decaying exponentially above a large pivot scale, we find that the cumulative signal-to-noise ratio of the bispectrum induced in the CMB from scales ℓ<30 is larger than 10 in all cases of interest and therefore can, in principle, be detected in the Planck data.
A gauge theory for two-band model of Chern insulators and induced topological defects
Authors: Chang Zhi-Wen , Hao Wei-Chang , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper a gauge theory is proposed for the two-band model of Chern insulators. Based on the so-called ’t Hooft monopole model, a U(1) Maxwell electromagnetic sub-field is constructed from an SU(2) gauge field, from which arise two types of topological defects, monopoles and merons. We focus on the topological number in the Hall conductance

σ

xy

=

e

2

h

C

, where C is the Chern number. It is discovered that in the monopole case C is indeterminate, while in the meron case C takes different values, due to a varying on-site energy m. As a typical example, we apply this method to the square lattice and compute the winding numbers (topological charges) of the defects; the C-evaluations we obtain reproduce the results of the usual literature. Furthermore, based on the gauge theory we propose a new model to obtain the high Chern numbers ∣C∣ = 2, 4.
Separating the impacts of heat stress events from rising mean temperatures on winter wheat yield of China
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhang Dongzheng , Zhang Huxin , Asseng Senthold , Yin Tingwei , Qiu Xiaolei , Ye Zi , Liu Leilei , Tang Liang , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Warming due to climate change has profound impacts on regional crop yields, and this includes impacts from rising mean growing season temperature and heat stress events. Adapting to these two impacts could be substantially different, and the overall contribution of these two factors on the effects of climate warming and crop yield is not known. This study used the improved WheatGrow model, which can reproduce the effects of temperature change and heat stress, along with detailed information from 19 location-specific cultivars and local agronomic management practices at 129 research stations across the main wheat-producing region of China, to quantify the regional impacts of temperature increase and heat stress separately on wheat in China. Historical climate, plus two future low-warming scenarios (1.5 °C/2.0 °C warming above pre-industrial) and one future high-warming scenario (RCP8.5), were applied using the crop model, without considering elevated CO2 effects. The results showed that heat stress and its yield impact were more severe in the cooler northern sub-regions than the warmer southern sub-regions with historical and future warming scenarios. Heat stress was estimated to reduce wheat yield in most of northern sub-regions by 2.0%–4.0% (up to 29% in extreme years) under the historical climate. Climate warming is projected to increase heat stress events in frequency and extent, especially in northern sub-regions. Surprisingly, higher warming did not result in more yield-impacting heat stress compared to low-warming, due to advanced phenology with mean warming and finally avoiding heat stress events during grain filling in summer. Most negative impacts of climate warming are attributed to increasing mean growing-season temperature, while changes in heat stress are projected to reduce wheat yields by an additional 1.0%–1.5% in northern sub-regions. Adapting to climate change in China must consider the different regional and temperature impacts to be effective.
Simulation of the movement of hedge cutter links in the Simulink application of the Matlab package
Authors: Bukhtoyarov L D , Drapalyuk M V , Pridvorova A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Simulation modeling allows researching a mechanism consisting of many links interacting with each other according to complex laws. In order not to write a model for each node of the investigated mechanism, it is advisable to use ready-made blocks of the Simulink application. To simplify the process of creating blocks responsible for the links of the mechanism, we used the Solidworks computer-aided design system. 3d models of each link were designed, kinematic connections between them were established. Thus, the mass characteristics of the links, their geometric parameters, moments of inertia and kinematic pairs were obtained. After exporting the model from the computer-aided design system to Simulink of the Matlab package, a basic block diagram was obtained which was supplemented with disturbing input signals, virtual oscilloscopes for characterizing, mechanical transmission units, etc. Based on the obtained coordinates of the frame links and the rotor knives, dependencies were constructed to determine the kinematics of their movement in three planes, which made it possible to clearly demonstrate the top and rear view of the mechanism under study in the considered time interval. The developed simulation model can be upgraded to study the dynamic characteristics of the mechanism.
Invasion Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in the conditions of Voronezh (Russia)
Authors: Kornev I , Aksenenko E , Kharchenko N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents new data on the distribution and acclimatization of an alien species of the American coniferous bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910) from the European part of Russia. This bug was discovered in the autumn of 2019 on the territory of the city of Voronezh in the Arboretum of the Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies. Currently, L. occidentalis spreads on the territory of Russia only in an urban environment, where it finds optimal environmental conditions (suitable temperature, humidity and shelter for winter locations). Surveys of a number of park and forest park zones, squares and separately growing coniferous trees conducted in 2019-2020 in Voronezh did not reveal the presence of this species. At the moment, in the conditions of the Voronezh region, the center of the spread of this bug is located only in the Arboretum of the Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies. In 2020, an increase in the number of the identified group of L. occidentalis was recorded. Further spread of the bug is predicted on the territory of Voronezh. At the moment, no danger to conifers in the European part of Russia from L. occidentalis has been identified and is not yet expected, but constant monitoring of the detected group is required.