bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy-Mediated Clearance of Free Genomic DNA in the Cytoplasm Promoted the Growth and Survival of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Yao Mengfei , Wu Yaqian , Cao Yanan , Liu Haijing , Ma Ningning , Chai Yijie , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Hong , Nong Lin , Liang Li , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The cGAS (GMP-AMP synthase)-triggered senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in promotion of cancer progression has been extensively documented. However, the role of cGAS-mediated DNA autophagy is little evaluated in breast cancer cells.Methods: Immunofluorescence, senescence associated-β-galactosidase staining (SA-β-gal) and Western blot were performed to detect gene expression, distribution and phenotypes. PCR, IP-PCR, FISH, BrdU, Comet assay, coimmunoprecipitation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation were carried out to detect possible mechanisms. Trypan blue exclusion, Live/dead staining and MTS assay were to measure the cell viability. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Relationships were analyzed using t-tests. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. All statistical tests and P values were 2-sided, and the level of significance was set at <0.05 (*), <0.01 (**), <0.001 (***), or<0.0001 (****); ns indicates no significance.Results: Active DNA autophagy but not SASP activity could be detected in breast cancer cells with high micronucleus (MN). The selective autophagy of free genomic DNA in the cytoplasm is mediated by cGAS and usually coordinated with SQSTM1-mediated autophagy of ubiquitinated histones in breast cancer cell lines with high frequency of MN formation. Cytoplasmic DNA together with nuclear proteins derive from DNA replication-induced nuclear damage and MN collapse in breast cell lines which with severe DNA damage. The inhibition of DNA autophagy through either chemical inhibitors or genomic silencing of cGAS or SQSTM1 suppresses the growth and survival of breast cancer cells, while enhanced DNA damage increases the sensitivity to these inhibitors for more cancer cells. Human cancer cells with either high DNA autophagy or enhancement of DNA damage are sensitive to inhibition of DNA autophagy.Conclusions: Our investigation revealed DNA autophagy in breast cancer cells with high MN formation. Autophagy of genomic DNA in the cytosol could be mediated by cGAS but is usually coordinated with other autophagic mediators. The selective autophagy mediated clearance of free genomic DNA protects of growth and survival in breast cancer cells even, and autophagic inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer cells with high DNA autophagic activity.
Imazapyr herbicideformulation induced multiple abnormalities in gonadal development of Xenopus laevis at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Babalola Oluwaseun Olusegun , Hannes Van Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mankind is now in the era of environmental contamination and pollution, where the environment has become a warehouse of its several toxicants. In fact, there are no longer any pristine area without these anthropogenic toxicants, with serious consequences on wildlife’s physiological processes including growth and reproduction. The widespread occurrence of pesticides for example, is being linked to numerous reproductive malformations in wildlife organisms, but the degree of association has not been characterised. Using the extended Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay (XEMA) protocol, the exposure impacts of imazapyr herbicide formulation (Arsenal), approved for aquatic environment was assessed on gonadal development of Xenopus laevis at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/L. The formulation significantly reduced the mean body mass at premetamorphosis (NF-stage 55) at 3.5 mg/L concentration compared to the control. In sex ratio, the exposure only showed marginal fluctuations at all the exposure concentrations. For gonadal malformations, an abnormality index of 17.5%, 25%, and 35% was derived at 0.5 mg/L, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/L concentrations respectively, with malformations including tissues separation, segmented aplasia, aplasia, mixed sex, narrow hypoplasia, and angular deformity. This study showed that at relevant environmental concentrations, this formulation induced concentration dependent complex gonadal malformations, suggesting its potential capacities to induced serious reproductive disruptions that can negatively impacts fecundity, fertility, and general reproductive fitness of amphibians. In order to protect the wildlife from reproductive impacts, there is a serious need for cautions in application of this herbicide formulation
Point-of-care Detection of Lactate in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Stephani Caspar , Choi Alexis H.K. , Mörer Onnen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-lactate can aid in detecting infections of the central nervous system and surrounding structures. Neurosurgical patients with temporary lumbar or ventricular CSF-drainage harbor an increased risk for developing infections of the central nervous system which require immediate therapeutic responses. Since blood-gas-analyzers enable rapid blood-lactate-measurements we were interested to find out if CSF-lactate may be reliably measured by this point-of-care technique. Methods: Neurosurgical patients on our intensive care unit (ICU) with either lumbar or external ventricular drainage due to a variety of reasons were included in this prospective observational study. Standard of care included measurements of leucocyte counts, total protein and lactate measurements in CSF by the neurochemical laboratory of our University Medical Center twice a week. With respect to this study we additionally performed nearly daily measurements of cerebrospinal-fluid by blood gas analyzers to determine the reliability of CSF-lactate measured by blood-gas-analyzers as compared to the standard measurements with a certified device. Results: 62 patients were included in this study. 514 CSF measurements were performed with blood-gas-analyzers. 180 of these could be compared to the in-house standard CSF-lactate measurements. Both techniques correlated highly significant (Pearson correlation index 0.94) even though lacking full concordance in a Bland-Altman-plotting. Of particular importance, regular measurements enabled immediate detection of central infection in 3 patients who had developed meningitis during the course of their treatment.Conclusion: CSF-lactate was reliably measured by blood-gas-analyzers and detected developing meningitis timely. In addition to and triggering established CSF-diagnostics, CSF-lactate measurements by blood-gas-analyzers may improve surveillance of central nervous infections in patients with CSF-drainage. This study was retrospectively registered on April 20th 2020 in the German trial register. The trial registration number is: DRKS00021466.
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: Bae Sun Hyoung , Yoon Myeong-Ho , Park Jin-Hee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Myocardial infraction and unstable angina are prevalent in Korea. A widely used patient-reported outcome for patients with heart disease in other countries is the The MacNew Heart Disease health-related quality of life questionnaire In this study we tested the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the MacNew (K-MacNew). Methods: Participants included 200 patients who had experienced unstable angina or myocardial infarction, and they were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Korea. The K-MacNew was developed using forward-backward translation techniques. Its internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity were assessed. Results: Factor analysis results of the revised K-MacNew demonstrated that it has a three-factor structure (emotional, physical, and social) that supports construct validity. The K-MacNew had a moderate relationship between the physical and mental components of the SF-36 (r = 0.517 to 0.745) and depression and anxiety (r = -0.730 to -0.520). The K-MacNew showed reliable internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α of .947 for the total scale. Conclusion: The K-MacNew demonstrated good reliability and validity for use as a patient-reported outcome measure and is ready for the assessment of the health-related quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease in Korea. In order to establish the clinical validity of K-MacNew, additional studies should be conducted to verify the validity and reliability of K-MacNew in a number of participants including various types of coronary artery disease.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antibiotic Utilization in Chinese Children
Authors: Guo Shasha , Sun Qiang , Zhao Xinyang , Shen Liyan , Zhen Xuemei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health globally. Irrational utilization of antibiotics being one of the main reasons of antibiotic resistant. Children as a special group, there's more chance of getting infected. Although most of the infection is viral in etiology, antibiotics still are the most frequently prescribed medications for children. Therefore, high use of antibiotics among children raises concern about the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing. This systematic review aims to measuring prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children in China. Methods: English and Chinese databases were searched to identify relevant studies evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children (0-18 years), which were published between 2010 and July 2020. A Meta-analysis of prevalence was performed using random effect model. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and modified Jadad score was used to assess risk of bias of studies.Results: Of 10,075 studies identified, 101 eligible studies were included. A total of 82 studies reported prevalence and 43 studies reported risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children. The overall prevalence of antibiotic utilization among outpatients and inpatients were 63.8%, and 81.2%, respectively. In addition, the overall prevalence of caregiver’s self-medicating of antibiotics for children at home was 37.8%. The high prevalence of antibiotics was associated with multiple factors, while lacking of skills and knowledge in both physicians and caregivers was the most recognized risk factor, caregivers put pressure on physicians to get antibiotics and self-medicating with antibiotics at home for children also were the main factors attributed to this issue.Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic utilization in Chinese children is heavy both in hospitals and home. It is important for government to develop more effective strategies to improve the irrational use of antibiotic. In addition, there is also great need to carry out more large-scale studies of antibiotic utilization on children, especially in rural setting.
Analysis of Longitudinal follow-up Data of Physical Growth in Singleton Full-Term Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Zhao Yan , Fan Xin , Wen Jing , Gan Wenling , Xiao Guiyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The rate of full-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants is rising worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the catch-up growth pattern of singleton full-term SGA infants in the first of the year. Methods A single-center retrospective study assessed singleton full-term SGA infants was admitted to the Department of Child Health Care, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from August 2015 to December 2018. Weight, length and head circumference were measured at birth, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of age. The Z-score was evaluated. Results A total 210 SGA infants were included in this study. Boys (n=90) and girls (n=120) showed comparable gestational ages, and birth weights and lengths. Weight, length and head circumference in SGA infants of all age groups were increased, with the fastest growth stage from birth to 3 months. The speeds of weight and head circumference catch-up were higher than that of body length. Birth length was not related to parents' heights in both genders. At 12 months, there were significant associations of body length with father’s height, mother’s height and parents’ heights in boys; in girls, body length showed associations with mother’s height and parents' heights. Conclusions Full-term SGA infants grow rapidly after birth, with the fastest growth rate in the first three months as examined by weight, length and head circumference. Within 12 months after birth, catch-up was better for weight compared with length. Finally, body length in SGA infants was positively correlated with the parents' heights at 12 months.
A Country Level Analysis Comparing Hospital Capacity and Utilisation During the First COVID-19 Wave Across Europe
Authors: Berger Elke , Winkelmann Juliane , Eckhardt Helene , Nimptsch Ulrike , Panteli Dimitra , Reichebner Christoph , Rombey Tanja , Busse Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The exponential increase of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the first wave of the pandemic created an extraordinary overload and demand on hospitals, especially on intensive care units (ICUs), across Europe. European countries have taken different measures to surge ICU capacity, but little is known on the extent. A country level analysis was conducted to compare hospitalisation rates of COVID-19 patients in acute and intensive care and the levels of surge capacity for intensive care beds across 16 European countries and Lombardy region during the first wave of the pandemic (28 February to 31 July).Methods: We used data on infection rates and numbers of current and/or cumulative COVID-19 patients in acute and intensive care in 16 countries and Lombardy region to analyse the burden on hospitals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on COVID-19 hospitalisations was continuously extracted since 20 March, 2020 from publicly available sources. To evaluate whether hospital capacities were exceeded, we retrieved information on hospital and ICU surge capacity. Treatment days and mean length of hospital stay were calculated to assess hospital utilisation by COVID-19 patients during the first wave. Results: Pre-pandemic hospital and ICU capacity varied widely across countries. In no studied country did the utilisation of acute care bed capacity by COVID-19 patients exceed 38.3%. However, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Lombardy would not have been able to treat all COVID-19 patients during the first wave without ICU surge capacity. Indicators of hospital utilisation were not consistently related to the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The mean number of hospital days associated with one SARS-CoV-2 case ranged from 1.3 (Norway) to 11.8 (France). Conclusion: In many countries, the increase of ICU capacity was important to accommodate the high demand for intensive care during the first COVID-19 wave. Our study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 incidence is not the only aspect when it comes to the burden of hospital care for COVID-19 but rather the utilisation of hospital resources as shown by cumulative hospital days and mean length of stay during the first wave. Indicators presented in this study could inform forecasting models, especially in regard to necessary surge capacity.
Analysis of Enterovirus Genotypes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children Associated with Aseptic Meningitis in Liaocheng, China, from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Wang Jing , Meng Min , Xu Huan , Wang Ting , Liu Ying , Yan Han , Liu Peiman , Qin Daogang , Yang Qiaozhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Aseptic meningitis is the most common viral infection caused by human enteroviruses, but enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and genetic characteristics of enteroviruses causing aseptic meningitis in children in Liaocheng. Methods: We reviewed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 504 pediatric cases with aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng from 2018 to 2019, and analyzed the phylogeny of the predominant enterovirus (EV) types causing this disease. Results: A total of 107 children were positive for EV by the nested-PCR in cerebrospinal fluid samples. Most of the positive patients were children within 13 years old, had symptoms such as fever, headache and vomiting (P<0.05). The most prevalent seasons of EV-positive cases accurred in summer and autumn. The 107 EV sequences belonged to 8 serotypes, and echovirus types 18, 6 and 11 were the three dominant serotypes in Liaocheng during the 2-year period. Phylogentic analyses demonstrated that E18 and E6 isolates belonged to subgenotype C2, while E11 isolates belonged to subgenotype D5. The VP1 analysis suggested that only one lineage of these three types were co-circulating in Liaocheng region. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the diversified enterovirus genotypes attributing to the large outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng. Therefore, the large-scale surveillance is required to the epidemiology of enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis, and is important for diagnosis and treatment of aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng.
HLA-G Polymorphism Impacts the Outcome of Oral HPV Infections in Women
Authors: Jaakola Anna Julia , Roger Michel , Faucher Marie-Claude , Syrjänen Kari , Grénman Seija , Syrjänen Stina , Louvanto Karolina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G may have an important role in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our aim was to evaluate the role of HLA-G in the outcome of genital and oral HPV infections in women. Methods: Analyses included 306 women from the Finnish Family HPV-study and were followed-up for six years. Genital and oral samples were tested for 24 different HPV types with multiplex HPV genotyping. HLA-G alleles were determined through direct DNA-sequencing. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the associations between HLA-G genotypes and HPV infection outcomes.Results: Nine HLA-G alleles were identified. Most common HLA-G genotypes were the wild type G*01:01:01/01:01:01 (31.3%) followed by G*01:01:01/01:01:02 (26.8%). G*01:01:01/01:01:01 genotype was associated with increased risk of oral HPV infections by any HPV type or single-type with OR=1.86 (95% CI 1.14-3.04) and 2.22 (95% CI 1.14 - 3.71), respectively. G*04:01+ allele and the G*01:01:01/01:04:01 genotype both protected from any and single oral HPV infections; OR=0.46 (95% CI 0.23-0.89) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.23-0.97), respectively. G*01:01:02/01:04:01 genotype increased significantly the risk of infertility and its treatments, with respective OR= 5.06 (95% CI 1.22-21.02) and OR=9.07 (95% CI 1.22-39.50). Both HLA-G alleles and genotypes showed several significant associations with the outcomes of oral HPV infections, but none of them had any impact on the outcomes of genital HPV infections in these women. Conclusion: The host HLA-G genotypes appear to impact the outcomes of oral HPV infections in women but have little if any effect on genital HPV status or infection outcomes.
Symmetry and Middle Paleolithic Points: A Case Study of Iran's Middle Paleolithic Points
Authors: Feizi Nasim , Nasab Hamed Vahdati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
AbstractThe throwing capacity of Middle Paleolithic points has been an important issue since the discovery of the Neanderthals toolbox. In the Middle Paleolithic, hominins (Neanderthals or H. sapiens) made trusting points with limited or no throwing capability. Projectile points as a long-range weapon were replaced the trusting and guaranteed the survival of modern humans. Several attempts have been made to recognize the aerodynamic differences between Middle and Upper Paleolithic Points. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the symmetry and projectile motion rules related to it. In this paper, symmetry and other morphological features, including length, width, weight, cross-sectional area, flatting, and elongation, have been measured on 280 points collected from five Iranian Middle Paleolithic sites. In addition, the Iranian Middle Paleolithic data is compared with several Middle, Upper, and Neolithic sites outside of Iran. The results indicate that the evolution of symmetry alongside increased elongation and proportionality in measurable characteristics was a critical factor in creating projectile points.
Social Cohesion and Cooperation for Public Goods
Authors: Bruggeman Jeroen , Corten Rense 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A cohesive network keeps groups together and enables members to communicate about and cooperate for public goods. For ongoing cooperation, group members have to know if their group members cooperate or defect, but this information—mostly through gossip—is threatened by noise and biases. If there are redundant information channels, however, errors in monitoring and transmission in one imperfect channel can, to some degree, be corrected by information through another imperfect channel, and may lead to higher levels of cooperation. An influential conceptualization of social cohesion based on redundancy is K-connectivity: the minimum number (K) of node-independent paths connecting pairs of nodes in a group’s network. In a lab experiment, we tested if higher K-connectivity yields higher levels of cooperation for public goods, controlling for a number of other network effects such as density, size, and average distance. We do not find the hypothesized effect, which might be due to a not-earlier-found shortcoming of the concept, and we propose a solution.