bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study on the Neck‐Stem Rectangular Tapered Connection: Effects of Angular Mismatch, Assembly, and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Cromi R. , Ciriello L. , Berti F. , La Barbera L. , Villa T. , Pennati G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe bi‐modular hip prosthesis is characterized by two tapered connections: a circular cross‐section at the head–neck interface and a rectangular cross‐section at the neck‐stem interface. Even if the latter guarantees customization, it concerns a high rate of early failure. The connection resistance is relatable to machining (tolerances cause angular mismatch), implantation (hammering force or manual), and usage (Body Mass Index [BMI]). Due to the lack of literature about the neck‐stem coupling, this work aims to investigate how the geometry of the rectangular taper connection and the external loads affect the fatigue strength of a bi‐modular hip prosthesis through a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM). Nine combinations of neck‐stem coupling are obtained considering the tolerances' limits on frontal and lateral angles as . The CoCr neck and the Ti6Al4V stem, studied in their halved, are constrained and loaded inspired by the standard ISO 7206: the stem is distally encastered simulating the embedding and tilted by 10° concerning the sagittal plane, while the force is applied vertically. First, the influence of the assembly is investigated using , , and ; then, a cyclical vertical force varying from to is imposed. Finally, one combination is analyzed in its integrity to evaluate the effect of the out‐of‐plane load. The study's findings concern: (i) a positive angular mismatch, which is responsible for proximal contacts, improves fatigue life, reducing Sines stress up to 33%; (ii) the higher the assembly force the higher the neck stability and the lower the extension of the overstressed lateral area; (iii) the implant fatigue resistance is directly proportional to the patient's BMI; and (iv) the out‐of‐plane external load causes a 40% increment in the fatigue failure risk.
Improved Co‐DETR With Dropkey and Its Application to Hot Work Detection
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Wu Yangfeng , Xu Huang , Xie Yajun , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough ViT has achieved significant success in the field of image classification, research on ViT‐based object detection algorithms is still in its early stages, and their application in real‐world scenarios is limited. Furthermore, algorithms based on ViT or Transformer are prone to overfitting issues when training data is scarce. While CO‐DETR has achieved state‐of‐the‐art object detection precision on the COCO dataset leaderboard, the ViT‐based CO‐DETR also suffers from overfitting problems, which affect its detection precision on smaller datasets. Based on the study of ViT‐based object detection algorithms, a new object detection algorithm termed DC‐DETR (DropKey Co‐DETR) was proposed in this paper. It builds upon CO‐DETR and introduces a regularization method called DropKey into the Transformer attention mechanism. By randomly dropping part of the Key during the attention phase, the network is encouraged to capture global information about the target object. This method effectively alleviates the overfitting problem in ViT for object detection tasks, improving the model's precision and generalization ability. To validate the effectiveness and practical applicability of DC‐DETR in environments with limited computational resources, a dataset for hot work scenarios was collected and annotated. Based on this dataset, performance tests were conducted on the DC‐DETR, CO‐DETR, and YOLOv5 algorithms. The test results indicate that the proposed DC‐DETR algorithm exhibits superior performance, with detection precision improving by 0.7% compared to CO‐DETR and by 5.7% compared to YOLOv5. The detection speed is the same as CO‐DETR, and only 2.9 ms slower than YOLOv5. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed DC‐DETR algorithm achieves a balance between precision and speed, making it well‐suited for practical object detection applications.
Does Listing Farther Influence Carbon Emissions Production? Evidence From Internationally Cross‐Border Listed Firms
Authors: Au Anson 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe past decade has witnessed an increase in stakeholder pressures for publicly‐listed firms to reduce their emissions. While most firms have been receptive to these pressures, they have also been observed to devise strategies to circumvent regulatory guidelines and avoid liabilities. Drawing on a sustainable finance dataset on cross‐border listed firms, this article examines how geographical distance in cross‐border listings may exacerbate the amount of Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions that firms produce to varying degrees. The findings across different model specifications reveal that distance is associated with increases in emissions among cross‐listed firms, but the effect of distance is stronger for ln Scope 1 and ln Scope 2 Emissions among non‐primary listings, whereas the effect is stronger for ln Scope 3 Emissions among primary listings. This article offers evidence that geographical distance in cross‐border listings is a form of jurisdictional arbitrage used by firms to circumvent emissions regulations. Consistent with the way that firms offshore profits and operations to avoid tax liabilities, firms are theorized to offshore emissions and avoid emissions liabilities by listing in cross‐border jurisdictions that are geographically distant from their home jurisdictions.
A Robust Two‐Sensor‐Based Fault Diagnosis for Open‐Switch Fault in Power Stage Inverter of BLDC Motor
Authors: Verma Mriduwani , Mitra Arghya , Bhat Sunil , Garain Kanchan , Pal Saumitra , Wankhede A.K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThree‐phase inverters frequently experience open‐circuit fault in the phase legs due to the failure of semiconductor devices. This has the potential to disrupt the inverter's motor drive system. This paper presents a comprehensive study of open‐switch faults of IGBT‐based inverters and their consequences on the DC‐link current and neutral point voltage for the Brushless DC motor drive system. The effects of the fault on the input DC‐link current, neutral point voltage, and corresponding rotor position in terms of the sectors (that changes at every sixty degrees) are analyzed, and a relationship between the DC‐link input and motor's stator phase current is determined. Based on the analysis of the DC‐link input current and neutral point voltage in accordance with the sector information, a fault diagnosis method using two electrical sensors is proposed. The proposed diagnosis is a sturdy detection technique that can handle multiple switch faults. It will not generate any false alarm because of any system transients or during phase winding fault condition, making it robust for inexpensive motor drive applications. The simulation analysis is done in MATLAB 2023a, and the experimental analysis has been conducted to validate the theory for the proposed diagnosis.
Advancements in liquid marbles as an open microfluidic platform: Rapid formation, robust manipulation, and revolutionary applications
Authors: Tong Tong , Hu Huaiqing , Xie Yuanhao , Jin Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiquid marbles (LMs) have become a focal point in microfluidics for their efficient manipulation of small liquid volumes. These non‐wetting droplets, typically coated with hydrophobic particles, offer enhanced stability, reduced evaporation and diverse utility, distinguishing them from bare droplets. This review examines advancements in LMs from 2014 to 2024, focusing on their rapid formation, robust manipulation, and revolutionary applications—termed the “3R trilogy.” We delve into the generation mechanisms, analyzing laboratory and engineering production techniques, and explore how surface particles affect LMs’ physicochemical properties. The structural dynamics and motion control of LMs are investigated, detailing their response to external forces and environmental factors. The review also highlights the state‐of‐the‐art applications of LMs in digital microfluidics, biochemical analysis, materials synthesis, environmental monitoring, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. Concluding with a discussion on significant progress and future development trends, this review provides insights and ideas for broader applications of LM‐based microfluidic platforms.
Standardized Approach to Life History Data Collection in Poeciliid Fishes
Authors: Johnson Erik S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLivebearing fishes in the family Poeciliidae have been essential to testing life history theory. These species are remarkable because males internally inseminate females, and females give birth to free‐swimming young, making these fishes amenable to investigating the evolution of a variety of life history traits, including the timing and nature of maternal reproductive investment, timing of maturity, strategies for maternal provisioning of embryos, and several other classic life history traits. However, researchers vary in the methods that they use to measure these traits, making it difficult to compare findings across studies. Here, I present a standardized approach to studying life history traits in livebearing fishes. I describe methods for preserving samples in the field, for collecting data on a standard set of life history traits, and for processing data in ways that will allow comparisons among studies. I highlight different options in preservation techniques and in data collection that are dependent on the specific questions being addressed. Finally, I argue for a standard approach moving forward to make it possible to complete large‐scale comparative studies to reveal how life history traits have evolved in this important model system.
Nutrient inputs in mesocosms of an oligotrophic lake fail to sustain an algal bloom
Authors: Lewis Jacquelyn L. , Mattes Brian M. , Yates Erika K. , Palmer Emily , Johansen Jeffrey R. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) rapidly change and threaten aquatic ecosystems. HABs in oligotrophic lakes are becoming more commonly observed, despite the long‐held paradigm that algal blooms cannot happen in low‐nutrient systems. This raises the question of whether nutrient loading, understood as a major driver of HABs, plays an important role in the potential for HAB development in oligotrophic lakes. Using in‐lake mesocosms, we examined the effects of a gradient of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on the pelagic communities of an oligotrophic lake over 4 weeks. We hypothesized that increasing nutrients would result in an increased abundance of phytoplankton and an increased dominance by cyanobacteria. Although our nutrient additions caused an increase in the fluorescence of chlorophyll a (i.e., a proxy for total phytoplankton) and phycocyanin (i.e., a proxy for total cyanobacteria), these increases plateaued at low‐nutrient concentrations and the increases were short‐lived. The identification and enumeration of phytoplankton species confirmed that the composition of the phytoplankton also did not change with added nutrients, nor did the abundance of the dominant zooplankton group (i.e., cladocerans). Furthermore, our biweekly nutrient additions maintained elevated concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water column, with total dissolved phosphorus and nitrate both readily available throughout the experiment. Given that light is very abundant (Secchi depths of 9–10 m), this suggests that another nutrient, such as iron or carbon, may have limited phytoplankton growth. Our findings suggest that excess nutrients may not always drive HABs in oligotrophic lakes and further studies should examine the effects of other micronutrients using similar controlled seminatural mesocosms.
Residential development reduces black bear (Ursus americanus) opportunity to scavenge cougar (Puma concolor) killed prey
Authors: Robins Clint W. , Kertson Brian N. , Kachel Shannon M. , Wirsing Aaron J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge carnivores commonly scavenge on kills made by other species, but if and how this phenomenon is influenced by urbanization remains unclear. To address this knowledge deficit, we investigated whether housing density, along with demographic and environmental covariates, impacted the probability of American black bear (Ursus americanus) occurrence at cougar (Puma concolor) killed prey along the wildland–urban gradient of western Washington, USA. Under the refuge hypothesis, which stipulates that residential development reduces opportunities for black bears to visit cougar prey carcasses by (1) altering cougar kill composition and/or (2) drawing black bears to human subsidies, we expected the probability of bear presence at cougar kills to decline as housing density increased. Alternatively, under the pileup hypothesis whereby reduced green space drives a greater overlap and thus more frequent interactions among carnivores, we predicted that bear presence at cougar kills would increase with housing density. Occupancy models derived from forensic and remote camera evidence of bear visitation to carcasses at kill sites identified from 12 GPS‐collared cougars indicated that the probability of bear presence at kill sites decreased when cougars foraged on small‐bodied prey, increased in summer compared with autumn, and declined with increasing housing density. Indeed, the top model indicated a multiplicative decrease of 500 in the odds of black bear carcass visitation for every additional house per hectare on the landscape, supporting the refuge hypothesis. These results suggest that residential development has the potential to alter intraguild relationships among large carnivores, even at modest levels where robust carnivore populations persist on the landscape, and may alter scavenger dynamics at carcasses where black bear presence is virtually eliminated.
Research on Heat Transfer Characteristics Based on Thermal‐Fluid Coupling Analysis of the Magnetic Coupler
Authors: Li Lian‐bo , Zhang Le‐ying 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTaking the magnetic coupler employed in the power generation device harnessing natural gas pressure energy as the research subject, the heat transfer characteristics of the magnetic coupler and the external flow field under the eddy current effect are exhaustively investigated to address the heating issue caused by that effect. A thermal‐fluid coupling model for the magnetic coupler and its flow field is established. With the eddy current loss on the isolation sleeve regarded as the heat source, the temperature distribution characteristics of each component of the magnetic coupler under the rated operating conditions are simulated. The flow state around the magnetic coupler and the heat transfer features on the outer wall of the isolation sleeve are further analyzed. To address the issues that the air in the gap has difficulty circulating along the axial direction and the temperature of the internal magnets is close to the maximum allowable working temperature, the heat dissipation structure of the magnetic coupler is enhanced by modifying the eccentric distance, increasing the quantity and the diameter of the heat dissipation holes on the external rotor. Eventually, the maximum convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall surface of the isolation sleeve is raised from 23.6 W/(m2 °C) to 61.7 W/(m2 °C), and the temperature of the internal magnet is kept below 50.9°C, attaining a favorable heat dissipation effect and meeting the usage requirements.
Comprehensive temporal and spatial analysis of Early Pleistocene drainage patterns on the Swiss Alpine foreland
Authors: Broś Ewelina , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Pollhammer Thomas , Kober Florian , Grischott Reto , Salcher Bernhard , Nørgaard Jesper , Knudsen Mads F. , Vockenhuber Christof , Christl Marcus , Gautschi Philip , Maden Colin , Ylä‐Mella Lotta , Jansen John D. , Landgraf Angela , Synal Hans‐Arno 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeckenschotter are glaciofluvial gravels that cap isolated bedrock plateaus and are largely disconnected from today's local drainage. They were deposited when glaciers from the Alps were first extensive enough to reach the northern Swiss foreland, thus providing a unique record of the foreland landscape and its evolution during the earliest Quaternary glaciations. To decipher this record, we employ two robust methodologies: cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial dating and GIS‐based topographic analysis. 26Al/10Be burial ages from both new and published sites are calculated using a consistent procedure with the P‐PINI code. Detailed swath projected and local 360° profiles were generated with GIS data in an R‐toolset developed specifically for this study. Integrating results from both methodologies with outcrop sedimentological data, we interpret three main periods of Deckenschotter deposition: 1.3–1.2, 1.1–1.0 and ~0.8 Ma. The interpreted age ranges indicate glaciers must have reached the forelands in response to intensifying climatic cooling across the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (1.25–0.75 Ma). Deckenschotter outcrops provide a disjointed image of past topography from which we piece together glacial meltwater pathways in each time interval. Between the glacial phases, stepwise incision of 50–100 m occurred as depicted in the projection profiles, with some spatial variability in magnitude of incision. Incision was driven by decreasing sediment supply during glacial terminations, set against a backdrop of minor foreland uplift. While the path of the Aare River has changed little since the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine River has radically altered its path. Initially a tributary of the Danube River with northward flow, glacial modification to topography led to its re‐routing to the west into the lower base‐level Aare River‐Upper Rhine Graben system. Based on our analysis, we estimate this event occurred after ~0.8 Ma.
Plant Metabolic Engineering for Enhanced Nutrition and Food Security During Climate Uncertainty
Authors: Kaya Cengiz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the face of climate change and the increasing problem of food security, plant metabolic engineering stands out as the most promising approach for improving nutritional quality of crops. Techniques used in engineering plant metabolism and the innovations being made are helping to improve the nutrient quality of staple foods. Through this approach, scientists have been able to increase the content of essential nutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids, to help combat malnutrition and dietary insufficiency in many parts of the world today. The review highlights the genetic and biochemical strategies that can be employed in the management and reprogramming of metabolic pathways to synthesize desired nutrients. This review includes examples of biofortified crops like rice, maize, and potatoes, which have been genetically enhanced to contain higher levels of essential nutrients such as provitamin A, iron, and folate. Furthermore, it examines the application of CRISPR/Cas9 and other advanced gene‐editing tools for precision breeding to improve nutrition. Moreover, the review analyzes strategies to ensure that biofortified crops can withstand various environmental stresses exacerbated by climate change. Combining stress tolerance traits, particularly drought stress, with higher nutritional value is important for improving the quality of crops grown under stress conditions. This review synthesizes recent research findings to highlight the potential of metabolic engineering in enhancing crop nutrition. It also emphasizes the importance of adopting multidisciplinary approaches to address regulatory, economic, and societal challenges in the field. The review also addresses challenges such as regulatory approval, public acceptance, and potential ecological impacts. Ultimately, this review aims to inspire further innovations in plant metabolic engineering as a means of bridging gaps in food security and enhancing global health and well‐being in a rapidly changing world.
Functional Characterization of Glycated Peptide Aggregates in Whey Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Slingerland C. J. , Laats M. , Savelkoul H. F. J. , van Neerven R. J. J. , Teodorowicz M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHeating food proteins promotes a reaction between proteins and sugars called the Maillard reaction (MR). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have been linked to increased immunogenicity of proteins through interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Here, we aimed to characterize the functional properties of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) and its' fractions. A partial WPH1 and an extensive WPH2 were size fractionated. The MRPs were detected with anti‐Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) antibody and binding to RAGE was measured using inhibition ELISA. Induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was determined in THP‐1‐derived macrophages, and the capacity to induce degranulation of basophils was assessed using FcεRI+ RBL cells. The partial WPH1, but not WPH2, contained high MW fractions (aggregates > 100 kDa) which bound to RAGE and induced the production of IL‐6, IL1‐β, and IL‐8 in THP‐1 macrophages. The aggregates of WPH1, but not the smaller fractions, induced the degranulation of FcεRI+ RBL cells. The presence of high MW glycated aggregates in partial WPHs leads to increased binding to RAGE, production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and basophil degranulation in the presence of whey‐specific IgE. This implies that the safety and functionality of partially hydrolyzed formulas should not be generalized due to their composition and potential immunogenicity of glycated aggregates.
The Chemical Constituents and Anti‐Hyperlipidemia Effect of Salt‐Processed Fenugreek Seed
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Yi , Xiao Honghe , Jiang Mingyue , Cai Qian , Liu Yi , Zheng Yu , Zhang Baojie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe seed of fenugreek (FS) was traditionally used in diets and as a spice in India, as well as medicine in China. It had anti‐diabetic and anti‐hypolipidemic effects. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the effects of FS were enhanced after salt processing. But the enhanced effect of salt‐processed fenugreek seed (SFS) on anti‐hyperlipidemia was not yet fully understood. By UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis, five flavonoids and six saponins were tentatively identified in SFS. Salt processing increased the dissolution of polysaccharides and trigonelline. FS and SFS significantly improved the serum biochemical indexes, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) of hyperlipidemic rats, promoted the excretion of TC and total bile acid (TBA), and downregulated aspartate aminotransferase (AST). According to the results of factor analysis, FS and SFS restored the severity of hyperlipidemia to a similar extent, and SFS enhanced the excretion of cholesterol more significantly. FS and SFS reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), which was upregulated in HFD group. Additionally, SFS significantly increased the abundance of Ruminococcus_1, which was negatively correlated with blood lipid levels. Thus, to regulate gut microbiota and promote the excretion of cholesterol were the mechanisms of the effects of SFS on hyperlipidemia. The higher amounts of total polysaccharides and trigonelline in SFS than in FS led to their different effects.