bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy concerns and the prevalence of third-party tracking cookies on ARL library homepages
Authors: Marino Bill 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe integration of third-party resources on library websites may be inadvertently contributing to surveillance technologies without user knowledge. This study set out to determine the prevalence of third-party tracking cookies on Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member homepages, the entities that are tracking users and for what purpose and what control users have over their cookie preferences.Design/methodology/approachHomepages from the 124 ARL member libraries were visited. Evidence of a privacy or cookie statement was collected and cookie logs were captured. This data were compared against the Disconnect list of known trackers and analyzed to determine the extent to which third-party tracking cookies were used across ARL sites, who was setting the cookies and for what purpose, and whether this use differed with regards to a library's identifying features.FindingsIt was determined that many ARL libraries do contribute to the ability to track a user's activity across the web, with one-third containing third-party tracking cookies. A user's contact with tracking cookies is influenced by various traits defining the institution. Users are given very little control over the cookies logged on their machines.Originality/valueThis study explores library efforts to protect user privacy, adopting an introspective approach that focuses on library websites. It will provide discussion points for librarians to question not only what third-party tracking cookies are present on their sites and why, but also how to educate their users about privacy issues.
The impact of environmental performance on capital structure and firm performance: the case of Turkey
Authors: Kalash Ismail 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental performance on the capital structure and financial performance of Turkish listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used data of 49 firms listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange during the period between 2014 and 2019, resulting in 205 firm-year observations. The environmental performance data were drawn from the carbon disclosure project Turkey climate change reports. Ordinary least squares and binary logistic regression models were used to examine whether environmental performance impacts the capital structure and financial performance.

Findings
The findings of this research revealed that environmental performance significantly positively affects the firm leverage. Findings also showed that environmental performance has a significantly positive impact on return on assets, operating profitability and return on equity, but no significant impact on stock returns.

Practical implications
Given the increased borrowing costs for Turkish firms after the 2018 currency crisis in Turkey, the findings of this study are very important as they enable managers of Turkish firms to make better decisions related to capital structure and to understand the role of environmental performance in reducing the cost of debt and enhancing financial performance.

Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this research is the first to investigate the effect of environmental performance on capital structure in the Turkish context, and is one of few that explained how environmental performance affects the financial performance of Turkish firms.
Examining the moderating role of HIHRP in the relationship between external integration and productivity
Authors: Tarifa Fernández Jorge , Cespedes-Lorente José , de Burgos Jiménez Jerónimo 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Based on the human resource (HR) and supply chain integration (SCI) literature, this paper aims to argue that high-involvement human resource practices (HIHRP) work as a complementary capability for SCI, and thus, HIHRP moderates the relationship between SCI and firm productivity. This moderating role is analyzed through the following HIHRP dimensions, namely, ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing and opportunity-enhancing practices framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Using empirical data collected from a survey of the agri-food sector (horticultural firms of southern Spain), the moderating effects of HIHRP on the relationship between supply chain external integrations (with customers and suppliers) and productivity are examined. Hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings
The results support that HIHRP has a moderating effect on the SCI/productivity relationship. However, these results are only significant in the case of supplier integration.

Originality/value
This study analyzes HIHRP as a complementary asset in the context of SCI and makes both theoretical and managerial contributions to the SCI literature by empirically analyzing the role of HR practices in enhancing the relationship between SCI and performance.
Using the social return on investment (SROI) as a measure of the effectiveness of social innovation projects implemented under public policies
Authors: Moroń Dorota , Klimowicz Monika 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to the on-going debate about the best way to measure the economic effectiveness of public policies, as well to explore the possibility of using the social return on investment (SROI) method as one of the indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
This study combines the SROI method with the case study analysis and comparative study. The paper presents the process of economic evaluation with the use of the SROI methodology and its results, along with methodological and evaluation observations.

Findings
This study confirms some assumptions based both on the subject literature, as well as, on own experience related to the implementation of the evaluation, the author also points out dilemmas related to the use of SROI analysis and the possibility of using it to measure the effectiveness of social innovation projects.

Research limitations/implications
The study contains several practical suggestions on the advantages and disadvantages of the SROI method in the evaluation of particular public policy intervention.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the use of SROI analysis of social innovation projects implemented in the frames of public policies.

Originality/value
The authors’ ambition is to provide practical suggestions on the advantages and disadvantages of the SROI method in the evaluation of particular public policy intervention and to contribute to the discussion about the possible space for comparing the results of economic evaluation based on the SROI method. Furthermore, it is different than most approaches to SROI analysis as the authors combine this method with the case study analysis and comparative study.
Human resource management-related responses of health organizations to Covid-19
Authors: Tursunbayeva Aizhan 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
COVID-19 has been a big reset to human resource (HR) processes. Organizations’ HR functions around the world have been working hard to effect a response that falls under four main headings: jobs and work continuity; physical health and well-being; need for mental health, resilience, family support and dealing with uncertainty; and remote work. Knowledge of whether and how these responses have been adopted by health organizations or their potential impact is scarce.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses some of the HR strategies adopted or recommended for adoption by health systems/organizations with specific reference to the aforementioned HR response categories.

Findings
The evidence available illustrates that the HR responses adopted by health organizations are mostly in line with those adopted by organizations from other sectors, though not without some variances. The findings also suggest that COVID has acted as a “technological catalyst” for HR practices in health organizations.

Research limitations/implications
The background readings that informed this study also helped to identify some literature gaps that could be addressed by future research and practice.

Practical implications
The state of the art presented in this paper may be of value to health leaders and health HR managers in further strengthening their responses to both pre-existing and post-COVID people-related challenges.

Originality/value
This work is timely considering existing literature gaps and the fact that the existing evidence gets outdated quickly as the emergency progresses.
Climate‐specific biosynthetic gene clusters in populations of a lichen‐forming fungus
Authors: Singh Garima , Calchera Anjuli , Schulz Meike , Drechsler Moritz , Bode Helge B. , Schmitt Imke , Dal Grande Francesco 
Published: June 2021

SummaryNatural products can contribute to abiotic stress tolerance in plants and fungi. We hypothesize that biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), the genomic elements that underlie natural product biosynthesis, display structured differences along elevation gradients. We analysed biosynthetic gene variation in natural populations of the lichen‐forming fungus Umbilicaria pustulata. We collected a total of 600 individuals from the Mediterranean and cold‐temperate climates. Population genomic analyses indicate that U. pustulata contains three clusters that are highly differentiated between the Mediterranean and cold‐temperate populations. One entire cluster is exclusively present in cold‐temperate populations, and a second cluster is putatively dysfunctional in all cold‐temperate populations. In the third cluster variation is fixed in all cold‐temperate populations due to hitchhiking. In these two clusters the presence of consistent allele frequency differences among replicate populations/gradients suggests that selection rather than drift is driving the pattern. We advocate that the landscape of fungal biosynthetic genes is shaped by both positive and hitchhiking selection. We demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of climate‐associated BGCs and BGC variations in lichen‐forming fungi. While the associated secondary metabolites of the candidate clusters are presently unknown, our study paves the way for targeted discovery of natural products with ecological significance.
Origin of symbiotic gut spirochetes as key players in the nutrition of termites
Authors: Tokuda Gaku 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTermites harbour symbiotic spirochetes in their hindguts, which have long been considered treponemes, although they represent separate lines of descent from known species of Treponema. ‘Termite gut treponemes’ have a mutualistic relationship with the host termites with their physiological properties including CO2‐reductive acetogenesis, from which the resulting acetate fulfils most of the respiratory requirement of the host. Song and co‐workers showed that a spirochetal isolate (strain RmG30) from a Madeira cockroach represents the earliest branching lineage of extremely diverse termite (Treponema) cluster I and was a simple homolactic fermenter, suggesting that CO2‐reductive acetogenesis exhibited by some members of termite cluster I originated via horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenomic and 16S rRNA sequence‐based phylogenetic analyses indicated a deeply‐branched sister clade containing termite cluster I was distinguishable as a family‐level lineage. In this context, a new family, ‘Termitinemataceae’ has been proposed for this clade. Strain RmG30 has been designated as the type strain of Breznakiella homolactica gen. nov. sp. nov. named after John A. Breznak, an American microbiologist distinguished in termite gut microbiology. The study has posed important questions for the future, including the actual roles of the termite spirochetes in each termite lineage and the evolutionary process of their physiological properties.
Acceptance of oat‐based beverages tailored for patients with cancer
Authors: Enriquez Fernandez Blanca E. , Klassen Pamela , Mazurak Vera , Chen Lingyun , Prado Carla M. , Wismer Wendy V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOat‐based beverages are a nutritious product with the potential to support increased nutrient intake of patients with cancer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the sensory acceptance of oat‐based beverages and perceptions of oats among patients with cancer as future vehicles for nutrient delivery. In study 1, three flavors of oat‐beverages were well accepted without significant difference in liking among flavors or serving temperature, or between patients with cancer and healthy participants. Patients with cancer more frequently rated the beverages as too sweet compared to healthy participants; flavor intensity was just about right for all participants. In the second study, one of two formulations fortified with protein and fish oil was not different in liking compared to the unfortified chocolate product. Patients associated oat food products with specific oat‐based food products and oat health benefits in a free‐word association task in the third study. Together, sensory acceptance and the perceived health benefits of oats indicate the potential for oats to be incorporated in fortified and unfortified products tailored for patients with cancer.Practical ApplicationThe three studies presented here to assess the sensory acceptance of oat‐based beverages and perceptions of oats among patients with cancer demonstrate that oats can be incorporated in fortified and unfortified products tailored for patients with cancer. Inadequate nutrition is highly prevalent among oncology patients and there is a lack of available products targeted to improve their nutritional intake. These findings can support product developers and sensory scientists in the development and evaluation of food products acceptable to this population.
Disentangling adaptation from drift in bottlenecked and reintroduced populations of Alpine ibex
Authors: Leigh Deborah M. , Lischer Heidi E. L. , Guillaume Frédéric , Grossen Christine , Günther Torsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying local adaptation in bottlenecked species is essential for conservation management. Selection detection methods have an important role in species management plans, assessments of adaptive capacity, and looking for responses to climate change. Yet, the allele frequency changes exploited in selection detection methods are similar to those caused by the strong neutral genetic drift expected during a bottleneck. Consequently, it is often unclear what accuracy selection detection methods have across bottlenecked populations. In this study, simulations were used to explore if signals of selection could be confidently distinguished from genetic drift across 23 bottlenecked and reintroduced populations of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). The meticulously recorded demographic history of the Alpine ibex was used to generate comprehensive simulated SNP data. The simulated SNPs were then used to benchmark the confidence we could place in outliers identified in empirical Alpine ibex RADseq derived SNP data. Within the simulated data set, the false positive rates were high for all selection detection methods (FST outlier scans and Genetic‐Environment Association analyses) but fell substantially when two or more methods were combined. True positive rates were consistently low and became negligible with increased stringency. Despite finding many outlier loci in the empirical Alpine ibex SNPs, none could be distinguished from genetic drift‐driven false positives. Unfortunately, the low true positive rate also prevents the exclusion of recent local adaptation within the Alpine ibex. The baselines and stringent approach outlined here should be applied to other bottlenecked species to ensure the risk of false positive, or negative, signals of selection are accounted for in conservation management plans.
Long‐term consequences in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Schandl Anna , Hedman Anders , Lyngå Patrik , Fathi Tachinabad Sozan , Svefors Jessica , Roël Mari , Geborek Anne , Andersson Franko Mikael , Söderberg Mårten , Joelsson‐Alm Eva , Darlington Pernilla 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCOVID‐19 can cause severe disease with need of treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) for several weeks. Increased knowledge is needed about the long‐term consequences.MethodsThis is a single‐center prospective follow‐up study of COVID‐19 patients admitted to the ICU for respiratory organ support between March and July 2020. Patients with invasive ventilation were compared with those with high‐flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) regarding functional outcome and health‐related qualify of life. The mean follow‐up time was 5 months after ICU discharge and included clinical history, three well‐validated questionnaires about health‐related quality of life and psychological health, pulmonary function test, 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) and work ability. Data were analyzed with multivariable general linear and logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAmong 248 ICU patients, 200 patients survived. Of these, 113 patients came for follow‐up. Seventy patients (62%) had received invasive ventilation. Most patients reported impaired health‐related quality of life. Approximately one‐third suffered from post‐traumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Twenty‐six percent had reduced total lung capacity, 34% had reduced 6MWT and 50% worked fulltime. The outcomes were similar regardless of ventilatory support, but invasive ventilation was associated with more bodily pain (MSD −19, 95% CI: −32 to −5) and <80% total lung capacity (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3‐16.5).ConclusionAmong survivors of COVID‐19 who required respiratory organ support, outcomes 5 months after discharge from ICU were largely similar among those requiring invasive compared to non‐invasive ventilation.
Association between punitive policies and neonatal abstinence syndrome among Medicaid‐insured infants in complex policy environments
Authors: Faherty Laura J. , Heins Sara , Kranz Ashley M. , Patrick Stephen W. , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate the association between punitive policies for women with substance use during pregnancy and odds of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis among Medicaid‐insured infants, and to estimate this association controlling for the presence of four other policies related to substance use in pregnancy.Design, Setting and ParticipantsAnalysis of live births in Medicaid claims data from 39 US states in varying years between 2006 and 2014 using weighted generalized linear models with clustered standard errors and state and year fixed‐effects.MeasurementsNAS rates in states without punitive policies were compared with rates in states with policies before and after policy enactment using logistic regression models adjusted for individual and county‐level factors and including state and year fixed‐effects. We estimated odds of NAS controlling for the presence of a potentially treatment‐deterring policy requiring reporting of suspected prenatal substance use, and three treatment‐supportive policies that create targeted programs for pregnant and postpartum women, prioritize pregnant women's access to substance use disorder treatment programs and prohibit discrimination towards pregnant women in treatment programs.FindingsAmong 9 714 798 weighted live births (1 896 082 unweighted), 49 670 (0.51%) had an NAS diagnosis. The findings were inconclusive as to whether or not punitive policies were associated with odds of NAS either in the short or long term. Odds of NAS among infants born in states with reporting policies were lower than those born in states without such policies [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61–0.98].ConclusionsIn the United States, punitive policies for women with substance use during pregnancy do not appear to be associated with lower odds of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Reporting policies, which are heterogenous in their components and implementation, appear to be associated with lower odds of NAS when controlling for other relevant policies.
Genome‐wide association study and inbreeding depression on body size traits in Qira black sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Tao L. , Liu Y. F. , Zhang H. , Li H. Z. , Zhao F. P. , Wang F. Y. , Zhang R. S. , Di R. , Chu M. X. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryQira black sheep is a famous indigenous sheep breed in China. The objectives of this study are to identify candidate genes related to body size, and to estimate the level of inbreeding depression on body size based on runs of homozygosity in Qira black sheep. Here, 188 adult Qira black sheep were genotyped with a high density (630 K) SNP chip and genome‐wide association study for body weight and body size traits (including withers height, body slanting length, tail length, chest girth, chest width, and chest depth) were performed using an additive linear model. In consequence, 12 genome‐ and chromosome‐wide significant SNPs and, accordingly, six candidate genes involved in muscle differentiation, metabolism and cell processes were identified. Of them, ZNF704 (zinc finger protein 704) was identified for body weight; AK2 (adenylate kinase 2) and PARK2 (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) for tail length; MOCOS (molybdenum cofactor sulfurase) and ELP2 (elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 2) for chest width; and MFAP1 (microfibril associated protein 1) for chest girth. Additionally, inbreeding depressions on body size were observed in the current herd. These results will provide insightful understandings into the genetic mechanisms of adult body size, and into the conservation and utilization of Qira black sheep.
Removing the large uterus without morcellation – The Colpo‐V incision for specimen extraction at hysterectomy
Authors: Rosen David M. B. , Conrad Dean H. , Saar Tal D. , Cario Greg M. , Chou Danny , Bukhari Mujahid 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHysterectomy is the most commonly performed benign gynaecological surgery. Recently, the rates of minimally invasive hysterectomy have fallen due to the banning of mechanical morcellation techniques that rendered minimal invasive gynaecology surgeons unable to extract large uteri from the relatively small colpotomy incisions.AimsThis study aims to share our experience in utilising Colpo‐V incision to remove large uterine specimens transvaginally and report its success and complication rates to promote a minimal invasive approach in patients with large uteri without the need to perform large abdominal incisions or transabdominal morcellation.MethodsThis is a prospective case series study in which women with large uteri and|or narrow vaginal canal underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and a subsequent posterior vaginal wall incision (Colpo‐V) to facilitate the intact extraction of the uterus through the vagina. Patients were seen in the clinic six weeks after the surgery for post‐operative assessment and documentation of late complications.ResultsSeventeen women underwent the procedure, and the intact extraction of the specimen was successful in 16 out of the 17 cases (94%). No major complications were encountered during or after the procedure.ConclusionColpo‐V incision is a simple and effective technique for the intact extraction of larger uterine specimens at hysterectomy.