bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septic arthritis in childhood: A 24‐year review
Authors: Ohta Eiji , Setoue Takashi , Ito Kazutoshi , Kojima Kanako , Kodera Tatsurou , Onda Yasuhiro , Kawano Hiroyasu , Niimi Toshikazu , Kakura Hiroya , Nagamitsu Shinichiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the pathogenic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children diagnosed with septic arthritis (SA) during the past 24 years and identified the risk factors for SA‐related sequelae.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients admitted to Fukuoka University Hospital from 1997 to 2020. Causative pathogens were compared between the first (1997–2008) and second (2009–2020) periods. We also compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with known or unknown pathogens, and in patients with or without sequelae.ResultsA total of 37 patients with SA were identified, including 28 patients (76%) in the first period and nine patients (24%) in the second period. Sixteen of 37 patients (43%) were younger than 2 years, including two neonates. Pathogens were identified in 25 (68%) of 37 patients. Patients with known pathogens had a significantly higher C‐reactive protein level on admission than those with unknown pathogens (P < 0.05). The predominant pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (38%, 14/37). Although S. aureus and Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were predominant pathogens in the first period, Hib was not found in the second period. Six (16%) of 37 patients with SA experienced sequelae. Moreover, the risk factors for the development of sequelae were significantly associated with infection at age <1 month and delayed surgical treatment (>4 days).ConclusionsThe incidence of SA had decreased dramatically in the second period, and Hib was no longer the predominant pathogen. Earlier surgical drainage should be performed in neonates with SA.
Cytomegalovirus‐related sepsis‐like syndrome in very premature infants in Japan
Authors: Namba Fumihiko , Nakagawa Ryota , Haga Mitsuhiro , Yoshimoto Seiji , Tomobe Yutaro , Okazaki Kaoru , Nakamura Kenji , Seki Yoshiko , Kitamura Souya , Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Ikegami Hitoshi , Nishida Kosuke , Mori Shigehiro , Tamai Kei , Ozawa Junichi , Tanaka Kosuke , Miyahara Naoyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVery premature infants are at high risk of developing a symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, such as CMV‐related sepsis‐like syndrome (CMV‐SLS). To address the limited data regarding its clinical features, a nationwide survey of CMV‐SLS was conducted.MethodsA questionnaire regarding CMV status and the clinical outcomes of CMV‐SLS was sent to centers with reported cases of CMV‐SLS.ResultsTwelve CMV‐SLS cases, nine confirmed and three probable cases, were reported during the 3‐year survey period. The median gestational age and birthweight were 25 weeks and 547 g, respectively. At disease onset, the median age was 49 days, and the corrected age was 31 weeks. Untreated breast milk was given in four cases (33%), whereas frozen breast milk was given in nine (75%). No specific symptoms and laboratory data regarding CMV‐SLS were found.ConclusionsVery premature infants developed CMV‐SLS after 1 month of age. There are no symptoms and signs specific for the diagnosis of CMV‐SLS, so CMV‐SLS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for premature infants who have unexplained sepsis‐like symptoms during the convalescent phase.
Audiovisual and printed technology to prevent childhood diarrhea: A clinical trial
Authors: Melo Emanuella Silva Joventino , de Oliveira Brena Shellem Bessa , Melo Francisca Mayra de Sousa , da Silva Maria Jocelane Nascimento , de Oliveira Rhaiany Kelly Lopes , Bezerra Jallyne Colares , Braga Hévila Ferreira Gomes Medeiros , de Sabino Leidiane Minervina Moraes , do Nascimento Ludmila Alves , da Penha Jardeliny Corrêa , Freitas Débora Joyce Nascimento , Mendes Elizamar Regina da Rocha , Martins Isabelle Melo , Barbosa Lorena Pinheiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effect of using an educational booklet and a video alone or together in promoting maternal self‐efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.Design and sampleRandomized multicenter clinical trial with 522 mothers of children under 5 years of age from northeastern Brazil. They were allocated into eight groups, according to the city: metropolis − video alone (N = 61), booklet alone (N = 60), booklet and video along (N = 60), without intervention (N = 60); countryside − booklet alone (N = 70), video alone (N = 70), booklet and video along (N = 71), without intervention (N = 70).MeasurementsA sociodemographic form and the Maternal Self‐Efficacy Scale for preventing early childhood diarrhea.ResultsIncreases in self‐efficacy scores were observed in all experimental groups after the educational intervention. Urban mothers living had greater self‐efficacy than rural mothers. This result was verified in the video alone group (p = .036) and without intervention group (p = .003). Mothers in all intervention groups, regardless of the educational intervention used, had higher self‐efficacy scores than the comparison group mothers (p < .05).ConclusionThe tested educational technologies promoted maternal self‐efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea, regardless of whether they are applied alone or in combination.
Depressed mood and frailty among older people in Tokyo during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Miyamae Fumiko , Ura Chiaki , Sakuma Naoko , Edahiro Ayako , Taga Tsutomu , Tsuda Shuji , Awata Shuichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe study aim was to identify depressed mood and frailty and its related factors in older people during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic.MethodsSince 2010, we have conducted questionnaire surveys on all older residents, who are not certified in the long‐term care insurance, living in one district of Tokyo municipality. These residents are divided into two groups by birth month, that is those born between April and September and those born between October and March, and each group completes the survey every 2 years (in April and May). Study participants were older residents who were born between April and September and who completed the survey in spring 2018 and in spring 2020, the pandemic period. Depressed mood and frailty were assessed using the Kihon Checklist, which is widely used by local governments in Japan. We had no control group in this study.ResultsA total of 1736 residents responded to both surveys. From 2018 to 2020, the depressed mood rate increased from 29% to 38%, and frailty increased from 10% to 16%. The incidence of depressed mood and frailty was 25% and 11%, respectively. Incidence of depressed mood was related to subjective memory impairment and difficulty in device usage, and incidence of frailty was related to being older, subjective memory impairment, lack of emotional social support, poor subjective health, and social participation difficulties.ConclusionsOlder people with subjective memory impairment may be a high‐risk group during the coronavirus pandemic. Telephone outreach for frail older people could be an effective solution. We recommend extending the scope of the ‘reasonable accommodation’ concept beyond disability and including older people to build an age‐friendly and crisis‐resistant community.
Winners and losers in dryland reforestation: species survival, growth, and recruitment along a 33‐year planting chronosequence
Authors: Albrecht Clifton , Contreras Zarek , Wahl Kimberly , Sternberg Mitch , Christoffersen Bradley 
Published: September 2021

Reforestation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas began in the 1960s and to date over 6,475 ha of land has been reforested. However, there has been minimal assessment to understand differential species success, compositional trends, and the aboveground carbon sequestration potential of these developing forests. We coupled quantitative planting information of >50 native woody tree and shrub species with surveys of 5,223 stems of 4,606 individuals in a chronosequence of restored forests ranging in age from 1 to 33 years to estimate species‐specific mortality rates, biomass accumulation and recruitment, as well as compositional trends in the herbaceous understory. We show that 7–15 years are required for mortality rates of the transplanted cohort to stabilize to background levels observed in other dry forests. A small number of species, mostly N‐fixing trees with a deep rooting habit, persisted on the landscape beyond 15 years. Even so, aboveground biomass (corrected for differences in initial planting density) accumulated at an average rate of 1.41 Mg ha−1 yr−1 compared to 0.35 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for a fallow old‐field. Species biomass growth rates increased with decreasing mortality, as did the abundance of recruits, suggesting a degree of reproduction by initial planted cohorts. However, a suite of highly competitive exotic grasses increases in density over a 25‐year period, which we link to suppressed seedling recruitment. This poses a serious challenge to the long‐term sustainability of planted forests in the LRGV. We highlight potential avenues of research and modification to restoration methodologies.
Policy success: What is the role of implementation support programmes?
Authors: Peckham Stephen , Hudson Bob , Hunter David , Redgate Sam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe policy implementation process is often overlooked when policy is introduced potentially leading to policy failure. This is particularly relevant in complex policy areas where there is a lack of collaborative policy‐making and where implementation is in dispersed governance. This paper discusses the findings of a study examining a novel policy implementation support programme developed by the English Department of Health for the Care Act 2014, the most significant changes to the provision of social care for 60 years. Given the complexity of the changes, the Department of Health and its key partners introduced an Implementation Support Programme to increase the likelihood of effective implementation. As part of a suite of research studies, we examined the effectiveness of the implementation support programme in helping local authorities, responsible for social care delivery, implement the key Care Act priorities. We found that the support programme was effective in supporting ‘implementation readiness’ particular in situations where the context and policy itself are complex. We found that while important for the delivery of policy, such support programmes do not necessarily in themselves guarantee successful implementation. However, future evaluations of policy should include examining how the implementation is, or is not supported, in order to fully understand reasons for policy success and failure.
Incontestable: Imagining possibilities through intimate Black geographies
Authors: Hirsch Lioba A. , Jones Naya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis editorial takes the form of a dialogue between the editors of this Themed Intervention on Black intimate geographies. It frames the voices of the Black geographers from the USA and the UK assembled here as speaking to both the incontournability of anti‐blackness as a political reality and to Black ways of knowing, imagining, and dreaming our presents and our futures against and beyond resistance to anti‐blackness. The editorial celebrates the diasporic collaboration on which this Intervention is grounded and points to the possibilities of Black life and knowledge production.
Highly Sensitive Nonlinear Identification to Track Early Fatigue Signs in Flexible Structures
Authors: Habtour Ed , Di Maio Dario , Masmeijer Thijs , Cordova Gonzalez Laura , Tinga Tiedo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study describes a physics-based and data-driven nonlinear system identification (NSI) approach for detecting early fatigue damage due to vibratory loads. The approach also allows for tracking the evolution of damage in real-time. Nonlinear parameters such as geometric stiffness, cubic damping, and phase angle shift can be estimated as a function of fatigue cycles, which are demonstrated experimentally using flexible aluminum 7075-T6 structures exposed to vibration. NSI is utilized to create and update nonlinear frequency response functions, backbone curves and phase traces to visualize and estimate the structural health. Findings show that the dynamic phase is more sensitive to the evolution of early fatigue damage than nonlinear parameters such as the geometric stiffness and cubic damping parameters. A modified Carrella–Ewins method is introduced to calculate the backbone from nonlinear signal response, which is in good agreement with the numerical and harmonic balance results. The phase tracing method is presented, which appears to detect damage after approximately 40% of fatigue life, while the geometric stiffness and cubic damping parameters are capable of detecting fatigue damage after approximately 50% of the life-cycle.
RANGE-GAN: Design Synthesis Under Constraints Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Heyrani Nobari Amin , Chen Wei (Wayne) , Ahmed Faez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Typical engineering design tasks require the effort to modify designs iteratively until they meet certain constraints, i.e., performance or attribute requirements. Past work has proposed ways to solve the inverse design problem, where desired designs are directly generated from specified requirements, thus avoid the trial and error process. Among those approaches, the conditional deep generative model shows great potential since 1) it works for complex high-dimensional designs and 2) it can generate multiple alternative designs given any condition. In this work, we propose a conditional deep generative model, Range-GAN, to achieve automatic design synthesis subject to range constraints. The proposed model addresses the sparse conditioning issue in data-driven inverse design problems by introducing a label-aware self-augmentation approach. We also propose a new uniformity loss to ensure generated designs evenly cover the given requirement range. Through a real-world example of constrained 3D shape generation, we show that the label-aware self-augmentation leads to an average improvement of14% on the constraint satisfaction for generated 3D shapes, and the uniformity loss leads to a 125% average increase on the uniformity of generated shapes' attributes. This work laid the foundation for data-driven inverse design problems where we consider range constraints and there are sparse regions in the condition space.
Development and Validation of an End-Effector for Mitigation of Collisions
Authors: Tommasino Domenico , Bottin Matteo , Cipriani Giulio , Doria Alberto , Rosati Giulio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In robotics, the risk of collisions is present both in industrial applications and in remote handling. If a collision occurs, the impact may damage both the robot and external equipment, which may result in successive imprecise robot tasks or line stops, reducing robot efficiency. As a result, appropriate collision avoidance algorithms should be used or, if it is not possible, the robot must be able to react to impacts reducing the contact forces. For this purpose, this paper focuses on the development of a special end-effector that can withstand impacts. It is able to protect the robot from impulsive forces caused by collisions of the end-effector, but it has no effect on possible collisions between the links and obstacles. The novel end-effector is based on a bi-stable mechanism that decouples the dynamics of the end-effector from the dynamics of the robot. The intrinsically nonlinear behavior of the end-effector is investigated with the aid of numerical simulations. The effect of design parameters and operating conditions are analyzed and the interaction between the functioning of the bi-stable mechanism and the control system is studied. In particular, the effect of the mechanism in different scenarios characterized by different robot velocities is shown. Results of numerical simulations assess the validity of the proposed end-effector, which can lead to large reductions in impact forces. Numerical results are validated by means of specific laboratory tests.
Multiobjective Monotonicity Analysis: Pareto Set Dependency and Trade-Offs Causality in Configuration Design
Authors: Sigurdarson Nökkvi S. , Eifler Tobias , Ebro Martin , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiobjective design optimization studies typically derive Pareto sets or use a scalar substitute function to capture design trade-offs, leaving it up to the designer’s intuition to use this information for design refinements and decision-making. Understanding the causality of trade-offs more deeply, beyond simple postoptimality parametric studies, would be particularly valuable in configuration design problems to guide configuration redesign. This article presents the method of multiobjective monotonicity analysis to identify root causes for the existence of trade-offs and the particular shape of Pareto sets. This analysis process involves reducing optimization models through constraint activity identification to a point where dependencies specific to the Pareto set and the constraints that cause them are revealed. The insights gained can then be used to target configuration design changes. We demonstrate the proposed approach in the preliminary design of a medical device for oral drug delivery.
srMO-BO-3GP: A sequential regularized multi-objective Bayesian optimization for constrained design applications using an uncertain Pareto classifier
Authors: Tran Anh , Eldred Michael S. , McCann Scott , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bayesian optimization (BO) is an efficient and flexible global optimization framework that is applicable to a very wide range of engineering applications. To leverage the capability of the classical BO, many extensions, including multi-objective, multi-fidelity, parallelization, and latent-variable modeling, have been proposed to address the limitations of the classical BO framework. In this work, we propose a novel multi-objective BO formalism, called srMO-BO-3GP, to solve multi-objective optimization problems in a sequential setting. Three different Gaussian processes (GPs) are stacked together, where each of the GPs is assigned with a different task. The first GP is used to approximate a single-objective computed from the multi-objective definition, the second GP is used to learn the unknown constraints, and the third one is used to learn the uncertain Pareto frontier. At each iteration, a multi-objective augmented Tchebycheff function is adopted to convert multi-objective to single-objective, where the regularization with a regularized ridge term is also introduced to smooth the single-objective function. Finally, we couple the third GP along with the classical BO framework to explore the convergence and diversity of the Pareto frontier by the acquisition function for exploitation and exploration. The proposed framework is demonstrated using several numerical benchmark functions, as well as a thermomechanical finite element model for flip-chip package design optimization.
Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Domestic Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Caglayan Akin , Husain Salman Mustafa , Ipek Mutlu , Aynur Tolga Nurettin , Cadirci Sertac 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Performance analysis and design optimization of refrigerators are primarily carried out by time-consuming experiments. The current study presents an alternative method to analyze refrigerators by modeling the refrigeration cycle using a software called dymola, based on an object-oriented programming language, called modelica. The main components of a domestic refrigerator, i.e., compressor, condenser, evaporator, cabinet, and capillary tube-suction-line heat exchanger are first individually modeled and validated. The full dynamic refrigeration cycle model is then created. Both the simulations and the experiments are conducted using R600a as the refrigerant with on-and off-modes of the reciprocating, single speed compressor. An algorithm block is also included to represent the dynamic cyclic behavior of the refrigerator. The algorithm controls the operation using two set-point temperatures of the cabinet. To validate the one-dimensional dynamic model, experiments are carried out on a single door refrigerator with an internal volume of 343l. Results show that the cabinet air, evaporation temperature, condensation temperature, power and energy values deviate from experimental values by less than 2 °C and 2%, respectively. The dynamic modeling is found to be in good agreement with the experiments in the on-mode of the compressor and a promising and rapid tool to represent the transient behavior of the refrigerator.
Influence of Coolant Density on Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling at Transonic Cascade Flow Conditions Using the Pressure-Sensitive Paint Technique
Authors: Ullah Izhar , Alsaleem Sulaiman M. , Wright Lesley M. , Shiau Chao-Cheng , Han Je-Chin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work is an experimental study of film cooling effectiveness on a blade tip in a stationary, linear cascade. The cascade is mounted in a blowdown facility with controlled inlet and exit Mach numbers of 0.29 and 0.75, respectively. The freestream turbulence intensity is measured to be 13.5% upstream of the blade’s leading edge. A flat tip design is studied, having a tip gap of 1.6%. The blade tip is designed to have 15 shaped film cooling holes along the near-tip pressure side (PS) surface. Fifteen vertical film cooling holes are placed on the tip near the pressure side. The cooling holes are divided into a two-zone plenum to locally maintain the desired blowing ratios based on the external pressure field. Two coolant injection scenarios are considered by injecting coolant through the tip holes only and both tip and PS surface holes together. The blowing ratio (M) and density ratio (DR) effects are studied by testing at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 and three density ratios of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Three different foreign gases are used to create density ratio effect. Over-tip flow leakage is also studied by measuring the static pressure distributions on the blade tip using the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement technique. In addition, detailed film cooling effectiveness is acquired to quantify the parametric effect of blowing ratio and density ratio on a plane tip design. Increasing the blowing ratio and density ratio resulted in increased film cooling effectiveness at all injection scenarios. Injecting coolant on the PS and the tip surface also resulted in reduced leakage over the tip. The conclusions from this study will provide the gas turbine designer with additional insight on controlling different parameters and strategically placing the holes during the design process.
Collaboration Between Academia and Industry to Advance Industrial Gas Turbines
Authors: Winkelmann Bernhard , Kurz Rainer , Voss David , Thole Karen A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most collaborations between academia and industry involve industry funded and defined research projects. There are, however, many more opportunities for activities that lead to a stronger partnership that benefits both. Moving from individual projects to a wider collaboration aligned along industry needs and academic strengths, to form academic centers of excellence provides a more involved collaboration. This paper provides an example of how companies can become more than a research partner but, instead, can get involved in the curriculum and educational efforts of the academic partner.