bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Prudent Diet for Children
Authors:   Committee on Nutrition
Published: December 2021

Nutritional manipulation has been suggested as a mode of decreasing atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease process that begins with fatty streaks during infancy and childhood and progresses at a variable rate to the formation of atheromatous plaques and subsequent obstruction of arteries, which may result in coronary and cerebral thrombosis.
Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance, lack of physical activity, and psychosocial tension have been identified as risk factors of arteriosclerosis in adults. Attention has been directed to advisable diets of infants and children, although arteriosclerosis and coronary artery disease are rare in these age groups. Dietary recommendations for adults, including low-fat and low-cholesterol diets, have been made to limit some of the risk factors and thus help prevent atherosclerosis. Evidence supporting and denying the importance of each of the risk factors has been reported extensively and is not reviewed here. The application of some of these dietary recommendations to children has been questioned.
Dietary factors in children must be considered simultaneously with physical activity, life-style, and genetic influences. Limiting fat and cholesterol intake has been questioned because, during the first years of life, breast milk (a cholesterol-containing food) is considered the ideal food for infants. In teenagers, serum cholesterol consistently decreases from preteen levels. In addition, formation of bile acids, hormones, and special tissues may indicate a continuing need for cholesterol during the entire growth period. Furthermore, limitation of total caloric intake to maintain ideal weight and dietary variability, including vegetables, will result in a lowering of fat intake.
There is controversial evidence concerning the relationship between dietary and serum lipids in infants.
Congenital Leukemia: Two Transient Regressions Without Treatment in One Patient
Authors: CHU JEN-YIH , O'CONNOR DENNIS M. , GALE GORDON B. , SILBERSTEIN MICHAEL J. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital leukemia is a rare disorder that presents many interesting clinical features.1-4 The clinical course is generally believed to be that of rapid deterioration.2-4 We present a case report of a patient with congenital leukemia and a normal karyotype who had two spontaneous regressions of the disease. The patient later responded to treatment with the acute lymphocytic leukemia regimen and is currently in remission at the age of 48 months despite CNS relapse at the age of 22 months.
CASE REPORT
A white female infant was born to a healthy 32-year old gravida 2 para 2 in December 1978. Pregnancy and delivery were unremarkable.
Treatment of Choking
Authors: EIGEN HOWARD 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The controversy over which method provides the best relief of central airway obstruction has been marked by the publishing of a myriad of "Special Comments," editorials, and statements, and a dearth of scientific studies. The interesting study by Day and co-workers1 brings a new point of view to this problem by looking at ballistic forces. The question remains as to whether the model of a ball rolling free in a rigid tube is a valid model for soft food lodged in a distensible airway.
Aspirin and Reye Syndrome—Statement Challenged
Authors: FULGINITI VINCENT A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Burke is not alone in his concerns and queries concerning our Committee's report. I can only repeat that our Committee made an attempt to offer a rational and reasoned recommendation concerning antipyretic use in children, a recommendation with which not everyone agrees. We examined the data from the Ohio, Michigan, and Arizona studies, reviewed the use of antipyretics in general, and formulated our opinion. To repeat, medication to reduce fever is overused; it has become a reflex action among lay and professional persons.
Worms in Diaper
Authors: RUTTNER NORMAN 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
This brief report of a series of cases seen during the past few years might enlighten us with regard to an interesting and possibly obscure clinical phenomenon. My pediatric practice is in an area of New York City with many Russian and Hispanic immigrants, so when a mother reported that she had seen many worms in her infant's stool, I was not surprised. They were described as white, thick, wiggly, and approximately 1 cm in length.
Neonatal Seizures
Authors: FREEMAN JOHN M. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Coen is correct. Seizures are a sign of CNS disorders, and adequate diagnosis and appropriate specific therapy are always indicated. However, as our study showed, most seizures occurring during the first three or four days of life are related to hypoxia and/or asphyxia and there is no specific therapy. Whether seizures per se cause brain damage in humans remains a matter of debate. Whether the problem of anticonvulsant effect on neurons is of significance in vivo remains to be proven.
The Rockets' Red Glare, the Bombs Bursting in Air: Fireworks-related Injuries to Children
Authors: Smith Gary A. , Knapp Jane F. , Barnett Theodore M. , Shields Brenda J. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To describe the epidemiology of fireworks-related injuries to children treated in a pediatric emergency department.
Design. A descriptive study of a consecutive series of patients.
Setting. The emergency department of a large urban children's hospital.
Participants. Children treated for injuries associated with fireworks during the 22-year period from 1972 through 1993.
Results. Three hundred sixteen children were treated for fireworks-related injuries. Ninety-five percent of patients were injured during the 3-week period of June 22 to July 14 during the study years. Seventy-one percent of patients were male, and the average age was 8.5 years, with a range of 1 month to 17 years. The child was a bystander in 26% of cases, and adult supervision was present in 54% of cases. One patient died, and 11% of children required admission to the hospital, with an average length of stay of 7.8 days (range, 1 to 37 days). Fifteen children (5%) went to the operating room for treatment of injuries. Thirty-three patients (10%) had permanent sequelae from their injuries, including 7 children (2%) with complete or partial loss of vision in one eye. The eyes were injured in 29% of cases, followed by hands and fingers (22%), other head and face sites (18%), and lower extremities (16%). The primary injury was a burn in 72% of cases. Firecrackers were associated with 42% of injuries, followed by bottle rockets (12%), other types of rockets (7%), Roman candles (11%), sparklers (7%), fountains (5%), jumping jacks (4%), and class B (illegal) fireworks (4%). Sixty-seven percent of sparklerrelated injuries occurred among children 5 years and younger (Fisher's exact test, P = .000002; odds ratio [OR] = 10.00, 95% confidence interval 3.52 &lt; OR &lt; 29.24).
Changing the US Polio Immunization Schedule Would Be Bad Public Health Policy
Authors: Judelsohn Richard 
Published: December 2021

Last October, a 10-member advisory committee to the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) voted to change the US government's well-established polio immunization policy. The current polio immunization schedule, consisting of a regimen of four doses of oral poliovaccine (OPV), is widely credited with effectively eradicating polio in the US and the western hemisphere. In fact, the last naturally occurring case of polio occurred in the US in 1979 and in the western hemisphere in 1991.
Because OPV contains a live but weakened virus, it has, on very rare occasions, been associated with paralytic polio. In the hope of preventing some of the 8 to 10 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) diagnosed each year, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended a combined immunization schedule of two doses of inactivated polio virus (IPV), which is delivered by injection, followed by two doses of OPV.
Tuberculosis Skin Testing: New Schools of Thought
Authors: Starke Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2021

In the past 10 years, I have cared for more than 500 children and adolescents with tuberculosis. Only one of them—an asymptomatic 5-year-old with mild hilar adenopathy—was discovered via a school skintesting program, although since 1990, the Houston Independent School District has required all new entrants to have a tuberculin skin test. During the last 5 years, the number of children in Houston with tuberculosis has increased. School-based skin testing has neither found many active cases nor prevented their occurrence.
At first glance, requiring all schoolchildren to have a tuberculin skin test seems to be a reasonable response to the desire to promote prevention of a potentially serious and still prevalent disease.
Biological Control Using Microorganisms Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)
Authors: BARCANU Elena , AGAPIE Ovidia , GHERASE Ion , TĂNASE Bianca , VÎNĂTORU Costel 
Published: December 2021

Tuta absoluta (Meyerick) is a serious pest of tomato crop with larvae causing even 100% loss, if not effectively controlled. Native from South America, currently, it can be found throughout Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. In Romania, it was reported for first time in 2009 (Leaotă, 2009). In this study, 12 concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii were prepared and tested on T. absoluta larvae to study the impact of entomopathogenic fungi on larvae mortality, under laboratory conditions. The results showed that only four experiments had a mortality rate of over 50% on T. absoluta larvae. The higher concentration had the highest mortality rate. Research shows that microorganisms are effective, but at very high concentrations, leading to a higher cost of production. In these conditions, we could recommend either to increase the colony forming units in the commercial products, or to enrich the crop area with beneficial microfauna before establishing the crop. The present study might be useful in developing future integrated management strategies for tomato leaf miner.
A prospective study on the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on surgical outcome in resectable oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: Deka Hrishikesh , Das Bhabesh Kumar , Paul Rajiv , Majumdar Supriyo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Initial results of the chemo-radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer followed by surgery study (CROSS) comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) plus surgery versus surgery alone in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction showed a significant increase in 5-year overall survival in favour of the NACRT plus surgery group after a median of 45 months' follow-up. In this study we will interpret the short-term results of NACRT on resectable, locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma.Methods: Patients with clinically resectable, locally advanced cancer of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction (clinical stage T1N1M0 or T2-3N0-1M0, according to the AJCC, 8th edition) were assigned to receive weekly administration of four cycles of NACRT (intravenous carboplatin [AUC 2 mg/mL per min] and intravenous paclitaxel [50 mg/m 2 of body-surface area] for 23 days) with concurrent radiotherapy (41·4 Gy, given in 23 fractions of 1·8 Gy on 5 days per week) followed by McKeown’s oesophagectomy from 01 January, 2020 to 31 May, 2021.Results: It was observed in our study that 38.46% patients had achieved a CPR after the administration of NACRT as per the CROSS-trial protocol which is comparable to PCR achieved in CROSS trial (29%). All the patients underwent an R0 resection during surgery (100%) which is comparable to CROSS trial (92%).12Conclusions: In our study which had collected data over a period of 17 months we learnt that the administration of NACRT in locally advanced oesophageal cancer was effective in reducing the tumor burden and achieving a satisfactory CPR of 38.46%.
The House on Mango Street: A Parable of Degeneration or a Chicana Rewriting of Charles Kingsley’s The Water-Babies
Authors: Manuel Carme 
Published: December 2021

Reading Charles Kingsley’s The Water-Babies (1863) makes it possible for Esperanza Cordero to imagine an idyllic site of empowered identity in The House on Mango Street. Yet, I argue that Esperanza’s transformed identity can only reside outside her original community and that her journey from the sad red house of Mango Street to her reconceived clean house at the end of the text is necessarily a trajectory of desired uprootedness that follows the script presented in The Water-Babies. Like Tom, Kingsley’s protagonist, Esperanza undergoes a metamorphosis to shed off the traits that categorize her as Chicana in order to embrace a remodeled subjectivity and, consequently, become an ontologically deterritorialized Hispanic.
Hybrid perspectives: Muslim and secular discourses in French politics
Authors: Firmonasari Aprillia , Udasmoro Wening , Salzano Roberta 
Published: December 2021

Increased immigration, especially from Muslim-majority countries, has been broadly debated in French socio-political life. Frictions have been common between two groups: Muslims and non-Muslims who identify themselves as ‘defenders of secularism.’ At the same time, however, hybrid strategies have emerged in which Muslims and non-Muslims have sought to culturally and socially adapt themselves. Through a review of online French media published between 2017 and 2020, as understood using social constructivism, this study explores the groups’ construction of hybrid identities. Discourses were analyzed to identify their ideological schemes, utterances, references, and arguments, with linguistic analysis facilitated by NVIVO software. Analysis shows that the hybrid discourses of non-Muslim ‘defenders of secularism’ have been more prominent than those of Muslims. Furthermore, the narrative tendencies of these hybrid discourses indicate that non-Muslim groups have sought to promote diversity in religious practices in France, while Muslim groups have sought to integrate themselves into broader French society.
Assessing Safety Culture and its Relationship with Mental Load and Job Stress in the National Gas Company
Authors: Sepehr Parvin , Jabbari Mousa , Erfani Fard Marzieh , Rezapour Shokoofeh , Samimi Kazem 
Published: December 2021

Background: Accidents may occur for varying reasons, including unsafe behaviors, which originate from the safety culture of the organization. Job stress and mental load may also be contributory to accidents. This study aimed to assess safety culture and its relationship with mental load and job stress in a national gas company in Iran.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year. This study used the NASA-TLX task load index, a standard questionnaire approved by the American National Institute of Mental Health to measure job stress, and the standard Health and Safety Executive safety culture questionnaire. All personnel was counted, and the total number of employees was 122. Statistical methods of t-test, correlation coefficient, and averaging have been used. Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS software and Microsoft Excel software.
Results: The average mental load of employees was 61.51, i.e., moderate level. The average job stress and employee safety culture were 180.43, i.e., high level, and 331.34, i.e., desired level. The mental load was assessed as moderate, safety culture was optimal, and job stress was high. A significant relation was found between safety culture and mental load (correlation coefficient: -0.278; p = 0.03). Besides, the mental load was significantly related to job stress (correlation coefficient=0.293; p = 0.2).
Conclusion: Controlling stress and reducing the mental load in sensitive work environments is important and can lead to a higher level of safety culture in the organization.
ILEGITIMIDADE DO DESCONTO COMPULSÓRIO DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO ASSISTENCIAL NA REMUNERAÇÃO DO FUNCIONÁRIO, SEM PRÉVIA AUTORIZAÇÃO: AFRONTA À CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Silva Valdeis Ribeiro da , Berezowski Maria Leonice S 
Published: December 2021

A reforma trabalhista de 2017 foi a mudança mais significativa na legislação trabalhista atual, ocasionando mudanças nas relações empregatícias e na justiça do trabalho. Em destaque a alteração na contribuição sindical que passou a ser opcional, antes era compulsória. Ameaçando a fonte de custeio/financiamento da estrutura e de fortalecimento das entidades sindicais. Despertando-se um déjà vu, visto que a contribuição assistencial, que também era obrigatória e que por décadas esteve cercada de polêmicas sobre a sua legitimidade ou ilegitimidade, quanto à sua cobrança. O fato é que durante anos a fio a contribuição assistencial foi deduzida automaticamente/compulsoriamente dos salários dos trabalhadores, independente de autorização prévia, ou até, mesmo independente de serem filiados ao sindicado, tendo como amparo convenção ou acordo coletivo, que suspostamente cumpriria a redação do artigo 513, alínea “e”, da CLT. A interpretação equivocada do verbo “impor” do dispositivo jurídico citado ocasionou no desconto compulsório da contribuição, erro que permaneceu por décadas, sendo esta injustiça com os trabalhadores corrigida apenas recentemente. Após inúmeras demandas jurídicas, por meio do julgamento do ARE 1018459 em 2017 houve a decretação da inconstitucionalidade do direito de impor contribuições, independe de filiação ao sindicato, por não possuir natureza tributária, sendo assim, a imposição da contribuição assistencial a não associado, ainda que conste em instrumento acordo ou convenção coletiva, fere o princípio da liberdade de associação ao sindicato e também o sistema de proteção ao salário. É salutar informar que à decisão foi atribuída repercussão geral ao tema.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Contribuição assistencial; compulsória; inconstitucionalidade; liberdade de associação; repercussão geral.
UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DA MULHER TRANSEXUAL FIGURAR NO POLO PASSIVO DO CRIME DE HOMICÍDIO QUALIFICADO POR RAZÕES DE SEXO FEMININO
Authors: Mota Fellipe Matheus Guimarães , Feitosa Isabella Sousa , Silva Osnilson Rodrigues 
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho estuda a possibilidade da responsabilização por feminicídio quando a vítima for mulher transexual à luz de princípios constitucionais e penais, como o da dignidade da pessoa humana, e a exclusiva proteção ao bem jurídico. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental do direito nacional e internacional. Essa pesquisa está inserida num contexto social brasileiro onde os índices de violência à mulher (cis e trans) são um dos maiores do mundo. Por outro lado, existem correntes de pensamento conservadoras que entendem pela não equiparação da mulher trans à mulher cis nos efeitos jurídicos
National Health Interview Survey, COVID-19, and Online Data Collection Platforms: Adaptations, Tradeoffs, and New Directions
Authors: Blumberg Stephen J. , Parker Jennifer D. , Moyer Brian C. 
Published: December 2021

High-quality data are accurate, relevant, and timely. Large national health surveys have always balanced the implementation of these quality dimensions to meet the needs of diverse users. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted these balances, with both disrupted survey operations and a critical need for relevant and timely health data for decision-making. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) responded to these challenges with several operational changes to continue production in 2020. However, data files from the 2020 NHIS were not expected to be publicly available until fall 2021. To fill the gap, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) turned to 2 online data collection platforms—the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (HPS) and the NCHS Research and Development Survey (RANDS)—to collect COVID-19‒related data more quickly. This article describes the adaptations of NHIS and the use of HPS and RANDS during the pandemic in the context of the recently released Framework for Data Quality from the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2167–2175. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306516 )
Preoperative Nutritional Status and Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Discharge in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Xining , Liu Jie , Wang Ying , Yang Yuying , Pan Yan , Ge Shengjin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Preoperative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and survival for gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk factors associated with the delayed discharge of geriatric patients undergoing gastrectomy.
Material and Methods
A retrospective study of GC patients (age ≥ 65) who underwent gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2018 to May 2020 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographic information, medical history, surgery-related factors, and perioperative nutritional management were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 783 patients were reviewed. The overall frequency of malnutrition was 31.3% (249/783). The levels of albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnutrition group compared with the well-nourished group. Moreover, 51 (6.5%) patients received preoperative total parenteral nutritional support. All patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition; 194 (77.9%) patients in the malnutrition group received an infusion of carbohydrates with composite amino acid and 55 (22.1%) received total nutrient admixture. No significant difference was found in the duration of postoperative nutrition between the groups (P>0.05). The malnutrition group was associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) (P<0.001). Multivariate cox regression revealed that age >70 years, length of surgery >180 min, and postoperative complications were significant risk factors associated with delayed discharge.
Conclusion
Malnutrition is relatively common in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Age, length of surgery, and postoperative complications are important risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Elderly GC patients with risk factors urgently require specific attention to shorten hospital stays.