bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study abroad, human capital development, language commodification, and social inequalities
Authors: Goldoni Federica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neoliberal discourse has seeped into various practices of higher education and study abroad (SA), emphasizing the value of human capital development through international education and foreign language learning. Applied linguists have been strongly critiquing neoliberal ideologies, and how they reproduce social inequalities. In this study, the examples of Albert, Theresa, and Rebecca, three U.S. undergraduates in Spain, exhibit how elements of neoliberal discourse and the consumerist notion of second language education as a commodity perpetuate social inequalities abroad and at home. These students were part of an ethnographic study (2007–2008) that included 117 U.S. undergraduates enrolled in four academic SA programs in Spain. The stories of Albert, Theresa, and Rebecca are significant because they had traction within their SA cohort. The consumerist notion of education as a commodity was employed as the analytical framework in conjunction with Bourdieu’s concept of capital (1986). This study problematizes the neoliberal logic and the promise of human capital development associated with language learning through SA. It calls for more diversity, equity, inclusion in SA. A social justice pedagogical paradigm is discussed as a valid, alternative approach to help students emphasize humanistic imperatives over individualist imperatives, gain global understanding, and contribute to world justice.
Pay-as-You-Go Social Security and Educational Subsidy in an Overlapping Generations Model with Endogenous Fertility and Endogenous Retirement
Authors: Chen Hung-Ju , Miyazaki Koichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study analytically investigates the effects of pay-as-you-go social security and educational subsidies on the fertility rate, retirement age, and GDP per capita growth rate in an overlapping generations model, where parents invest resources toward their children’s human capital. We find that an old agent retires fully when his or her labor productivity is low and retires later when the labor productivity is high. Under the unique balanced-growth-path (BGP) equilibrium, when an old agent is still engaged in work, tax rates are neutral to the fertility rate, higher tax rates encourage him or her to retire earlier, a higher social security tax rate depresses the GDP per capita growth rate, and a higher tax rate for educational subsidies can accelerate growth. However, when an old agent fully retires, higher tax rates increase the fertility rate, a higher social security tax rate lowers the GDP per capita growth rate, and a higher tax rate for educational subsidies boosts growth. Additionally, if an old agent’s labor productivity increases, the fertility rate also increases. We also conduct numerical simulations and analyze how an old agent’s labor productivity affects the retirement age, fertility rate, and GDP per capita growth rate under the BGP equilibrium.
Effects of three treatments on protein structure and gel properties of Perccottus glenii myofibrillar protein
Authors: Jiang Guochuan , Tian Lili , Hu Ruifeng , Sun Hongrui , Fu Yuan , Guo Wanchun , Liu Xuejun , Yan Xiaohui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to improve Perccottus glenii myofibrillar protein (MP) gel properties, three treatments were evaluated: ultrasonic, transglutaminase (TGase) and combined ultrasonic-transglutaminase treatments. Combined ultrasonic-transglutaminase treatment altered protein structure and gel properties most dramatically. As compared with untreated control group protein, treated protein gels possessed decreased sulfhydryl group content and increases in water holding capacity, whiteness value and hydrophobic interactions that increased gel strength value by up to 3.79 times that of untreated protein gel. Protein structural and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses revealed that combined ultrasonic-TGase treatment increased both protein thermal denaturation temperature and UV absorbance (as compared to control and other treatment groups) that supported formation of MP gels with desirable characteristics. These results provide a theoretical basis for development of superior MP gels to promote greater utilization of this fish protein resource by the food industry.
The Role of Non-performing Loans for Bank Lending Rates
Authors: Bredl Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on bank level data from the euro area, I investigate the role of non-performing loans (NPLs) for lending rates on newly granted loans. The focus is on an effect caused by the stock of NPLs that extends beyond losses that banks have already incorporated into their reported capital positions. The paper assesses the channels through which such an effect occurs. The results indicate that a higher stock of NPLs is associated with higher lending rates. This relation is driven by net NPLs, which constitute the part of NPLs that is not covered by loan loss reserves. Although the stock of NPLs affects banks’ idiosyncratic funding costs as well, the latter do not seem to constitute an important link between the stock of net NPLs and lending behaviour. This is because the relation between idiosyncratic funding costs and lending rates turns out to be rather weak. Furthermore, NPLs do not strongly affect the banks’ interest rate pass-through.
The Terminology Work of Arabicization and Dissemination of Arabicized Terms in the Arab Press from the Perspective of Arab Journalistic Translators
Authors: Salman Ghada Saeed , Ebrahimi Mehri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates Arab journalists and journalistic translators’ perceptions towards the terminology work of Arabicization, which is laboriously shouldered by Arabic Language Academies (ALAs) in the Arab region. The paper discusses the Arabic academy’s Arabicized terms’ popularity and dissemination in Arab press agencies and outlets, in addition to the linguistic and extralinguistic factors, which play a key role in disseminating these Arabicized terms among Arab journalists, journalistic translators, and news editors. So far, the ALAs have made hugely concerted efforts to Arabicize foreign terms, particularly scientific and technical terminology, particularly from English (ST) into Arabic (TT). However, there is a lack of circulation of the academy’s Arabicized terminologies among Arab journalists and translators in the Arab press. Therefore, Arab journalistic translators in several Arab news agencies and networks were approached as respondents of five semi-structured, detailed interviews to provide an insightful understanding of the case at hand. Accordingly, data were collected via in-depth interviews, and based on the interpretive content analysis of the interviews, the data were analyzed, described, and interpreted. The findings revealed that the ALA’s Arabicized terms are not well-received by Arab journalists and translators and, therefore, these terminologies are not frequently used in the translation of news in the Arab press. The respondents pointed out that the ALA’s Arabicized terms are sometimes difficult to understand because they are unfamiliar forms of Arabic.
Investigating Literary Translator’s Style in Span of Time: The Case of Sa‘di’s Gulistan Translated into English
Authors: Afrouz Mahmoud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stylistic issues have typically been considered as a challenge for literary translators. As far as literary style is concerned, Sa’di (1208–1291) is the most famous Persian poet. The present study aims at investigating the effect of time on the universals appeared in translating Sa’di’s style in the Gulistan. The corpus of the study consisted of the Gulistan’s two English translations: one by Rehatsek (1888) and its 2010 edition by Rosenbaum, and the other by Newman (2004). Baker’s (1996) framework, consisting of simplification, explicitation, normalization, and leveling out, was used as the basis for analyzing the collected data. As far as stylistic issues were concerned, it was realized that Rehatsek’s translation and its new edition by Rosenbaum, were not distinctly different. It was also found that the passage of time has had effects on selecting some specific features more than the others. Prosification was the most and leveling out was the least frequently observed features, while normalization and poetrification had never been detected. The findings also revealed greater tendency of recent translators to deviating from the ST author’s style and their stronger inclination towards providing easy-to-understand texts for today’s TT audience.
A Generalized ML-Hyers-Ulam Stability of Quadratic Fractional Integral Equation
Authors: Kaabar Mohammed K. A. , Kalvandi Vida , Eghbali Nasrin , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Siri Zailan , Martínez Francisco 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An interesting quadratic fractional integral equation is investigated in this work via a generalized Mittag-Leffler (ML) function. The generalized ML–Hyers–Ulam stability is established in this investigation. We study both of the Hyers–Ulam stability (HUS) and ML–Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability (ML-HURS) in detail for our proposed differential equation (DEq). Our proposed technique unifies various differential equations’ classes. Therefore, this technique can be further applied in future research works with applications to science and engineering.
Proposed approaches for coronaviruses elimination from wastewater: Membrane techniques and nanotechnology solutions
Authors: Eloffy M. G. , El-Sherif Dina M. , Abouzid Mohamed , Elkodous Mohamed Abd , El-nakhas Hamada S. , Sadek Rawia F. , Ghorab Mohamed A. , Al-Anazi Abdulaziz , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of the third Millennium, specifically during the last 18 years, three outbreaks of diseases have been recorded caused by coronaviruses (CoVs). The latest outbreak of these diseases was Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. For this reason, current efforts of the environmental, epidemiology scientists, engineers, and water sector professionals are ongoing to detect CoV in environmental components, especially water, and assess the relative risk of exposure to these systems and any measures needed to protect the public health, workers, and public, in general. This review presents a brief overview of CoV in water, wastewater, and surface water based on a literature search providing different solutions to keep water protected from CoV. Membrane techniques are very attractive solutions for virus elimination in water. In addition, another essential solution is nanotechnology and its applications in the detection and protection of human and water systems.
Non-convergent boundaries and action ascription in multimodal interaction
Authors: Temer Verónica González , Ogden Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWithout units, there are no boundaries; and without boundaries, there are no units. Traditional linguistics takes units such as sentences and intonation phrases for granted, treating them as static. Interactional linguistics has reconfigured many of these units, treating them as emergent, focusing on their evolution in time, and how they implement social actions. A productive line of research of interactional linguistics has been this tension between conventional linguistic units and units of (and for) interaction (Reed and Beatrice 2013; Ogden and Walker 2013). The cesura approach (Barth-Weingarten 2016) focuses on the constitution of phonetic-prosodic discontinuities, which give rise to boundaries, “cesuras”, which it treats as a continuum from “no cesura” through “candidate cesuras” of various strengths, to “full cesuras”. However, there are also elements of spoken interaction whose unit-hood is not obvious at all levels of description; and it is a subset of these that form the focus of this article. We illustrate this with extracts of multimodal talk where two interactants taste and assess unfamiliar food and produce the token “mm”. We show how the alignment (and non-alignment) of boundaries of sequential, prosodic, gestural, lexical, and syntactic units can be a semiotic resource. Data are obtained from Chilean Spanish.
Self-mention and uncertain communication in theBritish Medical Journal(1840–2007): The decrease of subjectivity uncertainty markers
Authors: Riccioni Ilaria , Bongelli Ramona , Zuczkowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe communication of a scientific finding as certain or uncertain largely determines whether that information will be translated into practice. In this study, a corpus of 80 articles published in theBritish Medical Journalfor over 167 years (1840–2007) is analysed by focusing on three categories of uncertainty markers, which explicitly reveal a writer’s subjectivity: (1) I/we epistemic verbs; (2) I/we modal verbs; and (3) epistemic non-verbs conveying personal opinions. The quantitative analysis shows their progressive decrease over time, which can be due to several variables, including the evolution of medical knowledge and practice, changes in medical research and within the scientific community, and more stringent guidelines for the scientific writing (regarding types of articles, their structure and rhetorical style).
The Epicurean Notion ofepibolê
Authors: Tsouna Voula 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe surviving writings of Epicurus and his followers contain several references toepibolê – a puzzling notion that does not receive discussion in the extant Epicurean texts. There is no consensus about whatepibolêis, what it isof,and what it operatesonand, moreover, its epistemological status is controversial. This article aims to address these issues in both Epicurus and later Epicurean authors. Part One focuses mainly on Epicurus’Letter to Herodotus, highlights a crucial distinction hitherto unnoticed in the literature between two different types ofepibolê, and brings out he necessary connection betweenepibolêand the application of the criteria of truth. Part Two considers the philosophical merits of the traditional interpretation ofepibolêas projection and/or attention. Part Three examines the two aforementioned types ofepibolêin Lucretius and Philodemus and shows that these authors accordepibolêparamount epistemological and ethical importance.
A Stoic Ethics for Attention(SenecaLetter56)
Authors: Brittain Charles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeneca’sLetterssketch a theory of attentive action according to which distraction is caused by inconsistent beliefs about values, such that the degree of an agent’s attention to an endorsed action is proportionate to the consistency of her beliefs about value, i. e. her proximity to virtue. The agent’s activity of attentive action is co-ordinated with a state of alertness to her interests, which accordingly triggers switches in attention that sustain the endorsed action in single-minded agents or cause distraction if the new interest is irrelevant to it. Seneca’s theory reflects the older Stoic conception of the tensional mental strength of the virtuous agent, which Chrysippus identified as the causal factor over and above virtue that ensures her successful performance of right action.
Attention in Augustine
Authors: Karfíková Lenka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article treats the role of attention (intentio or attentio) in Augustine’s analysis of sense perception, the notion of time, and the Trinitarian structure of the human mind. The term intentio covers a broad range of meanings in Augustine’s usage. Its most fundamental meaning is the life-giving presence of the soul in the body, intensified in attention’s being concentrated on a particular thing or experience; Augustine also uses the term attentio in this latter sense. According to his analysis of time, by way of attention (intentio or attentio), the soul fixes the present in which the future passes into the past. Due to the intention of the soul, the form abstracted from an external object is both imprinted into the sense organ and retained in the memory in order to be, by intention again, recalled before the sight of mind. As “the intention of the will” or just “the will”, attention connects intellectual understanding with memory. In Augustine’s eyes, attention has a different quality depending on the object it is oriented to, and a different intensity, ranging from inattentive distraction (distentio) to concentrated effort (intentio).
Predictive factors for delayed hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary adenomas
Authors: Lin Kunzhe , Lu Lingling , Pei Zhijie , Mu Shuwen , Huang Shaokuan , Wang Shousen 
Published: December 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and duration of delayed hyponatremia and to assess the factors influencing the development of delayed hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in pituitary adenomas.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent TSS. Univariable and multivariable statistics were carried out to identify factors independently associated with the occurrence of delayed hyponatremia.

Results
Of the 285 patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent microscopic TSS, 44 (15.4%) developed postoperative-delayed hyponatremia and 241 (84.6%) did not. The onset of delayed hyponatremia occurred an average of 5.84 days post-surgery and persisted for an average of 5.36 days. Logistic regression analysis showed the highest risk of delayed hyponatremia in patients with significant change in tumor cavity height (odds ratio (OR), 1.158; 95% CI, 1.062, 1.262; P = 0.001), preoperative hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis hypofunction (OR, 3.112; 95% CI, 1.481, 6.539; P = 0.003), and significant difference in blood sodium levels before and 2 days after TSS (OR, 1.101; 95% CI, 1.005, 1.206; P = 0.039).

Conclusions
Preoperative hypothyroidism, difference in blood sodium levels before and 2 days after TSS, and the change in tumor cavity height after TSS played important roles in predicting postoperative-delayed hyponatremia onset in patients with pituitary adenomas.
Reseña de: Novelle López, Laura (2021). Elaboración de TFG, TFM e teses. Claves para o éxito. Servizo de Publicacións Universidade Vigo. ISBN 978-84-8158-900-9. 78 páginas
Authors: Mota Zurdo David 
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro:
Novelle López, Laura (2021). Elaboración de TFG, TFM e teses. Claves para o éxito. Servizo de Publicacións Universidade Vigo.
Acute Treatment Effects on GFR in Randomized Clinical Trials of Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Neuen Brendon L. , Tighiouart Hocine , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Vonesh Edward F. , Chaudhari Juhi , Miao Shiyuan , Chan Tak Mao , Fervenza Fernando C. , Floege Jürgen , Goicoechea Marian , Herrington William G. , Imai Enyu , Jafar Tazeen H. , Lewis Julia B. , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Locatelli Francesco , Maes Bart D. , Perrone Ronald D. , Praga Manuel , Perna Annalisa , Schena Francesco P. , Wanner Christoph , Wetzels Jack F.M. , Woodward Mark , Xie Di , Greene Tom , Inker Lesley A. ,   on behalf of CKD-EPI Clinical Trials
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement
GFR slope has been proposed as a surrogate endpoint for progression to kidney failure in clinical trials studying patients with CKD. Acute or immediate effects on GFR after treatment initiation may complicate the interpretation of long-term treatment effects. In this large meta-analysis of 53 randomized clinical studies of CKD progression, the authors found the magnitude and nature of acute effects are variable across different interventions and may be larger at a higher baseline GFR. Negative acute effects (such as an acute reduction in GFR) were observed in trials of renin-angiotensin system blockade and BP lowering, whereas positive acute effects were more common in trials of immunosuppressive therapies. Such information can inform the optimal design and analysis plan for randomized clinical trials in CKD.

Background
Acute changes in GFR can occur after initiation of interventions targeting progression of CKD. These acute changes complicate the interpretation of long-term treatment effects.

Methods
To assess the magnitude and consistency of acute effects in randomized clinical trials and explore factors that might affect them, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 randomized clinical trials for CKD progression, enrolling 56,413 participants with at least one estimated GFR measurement by 6 months after randomization. We defined acute treatment effects as the mean difference in GFR slope from baseline to 3 months between randomized groups. We performed univariable and multivariable metaregression to assess the effect of intervention type, disease state, baseline GFR, and albuminuria on the magnitude of acute effects.

Results
The mean acute effect across all studies was −0.21 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval, −0.63 to 0.22) over 3 months, with substantial heterogeneity across interventions (95% coverage interval across studies, −2.50 to +2.08 ml/min per 1.73 m2). We observed negative average acute effects in renin angiotensin system blockade, BP lowering, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor trials, and positive acute effects in trials of immunosuppressive agents. Larger negative acute effects were observed in trials with a higher mean baseline GFR.

Conclusion
The magnitude and consistency of acute GFR effects vary across different interventions, and are larger at higher baseline GFR. Understanding the nature and magnitude of acute effects can help inform the optimal design of randomized clinical trials evaluating disease progression in CKD.
Induction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune reactions in immune compromised patients
Authors: Pogodina E. A. , Lobov A. V. , Ivanova P. I. , Kazey V. I. , Shubina I. Zh. 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the review is studying the immune response to the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different populations, including those with immunosuppression due to concomitant diseases or immunosuppressive therapy.The role of T cells in building up the anti-COVID-19 immunity is of special interest, particularly, when comparing T cell and antibody based immunity. A number of studies are focused on the effectiveness of T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as on the resistance to re-infection. The decreased immunity associated with such illnesses as autoimmune diseases, non-autoimmune inflammations, and the effect of immunosuppressive drugs and obviously, different cancers increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 development, and exacerbate the course of the disease.Several studies showed that patients with cancer are at risk of impaired immune response associated with a malignant neoplasm. The inefficient immune response was also shown in cancer patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy. However, some studies registered the specific immunogenicity after vaccination in patients with concomitant immunosuppression.Methotrexate is a folate antimetabolite. The drug can be used both in high doses as an antimetabolite in the antitumor therapy, and in low doses as an immunosuppressive agent in patients with autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the review also discusses a study that evaluated the humoral and cellular immune response to the BNT162b2 (PfizerBioNTech) anti-COVID-19 vaccine in patients receiving methotrexate. The rate of antibody production was lower in patients receiving methotrexate, though the level of T-cell response was similar in all groups studied.The review discussed immune compromised patients with cancer and hematological malignancies and patients living with HIV who had COVID-19. Most studies reported no significant differences of COVID-19 outcomes between major population and the patients with suppressed immune system.Hereby, the cell and humoral immune response in immune compromised patients is possible, however, additional studies are required to confirm these data.