bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal curing of blended cement pastes with ultra‐low water‐to‐cement ratio: Absorption/desorption kinetics of superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Ma Xianwei , Shi Caijun , Drissi Sarra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternal curing by superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is an effective method to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of cement‐based materials with low water‐to‐cement ratio (w/c). In this study, the water absorption/desorption kinetics of SAP were studied quantitatively in blended cement pastes with ultra‐low w/c. An absorption process at a rate of 0 to 6 g/(g h) was calculated at early ages. After that, SAPs showed mainly two distinct water desorption behaviors with a rate of 0 to 1.1 g/(g h), which was mainly governed by the osmotic pressure and capillary pressure triggered by the drop of internal relative humidity (IRH). The size and amount of SAP played a predominant role in controlling its absorption and desorption kinetics in the cement paste. Compared with ordinary Portland cement, a different desorption process with a higher release rate was noticed in binary and ternary cement pastes, primarily due to the changes in osmotic pressure resulting from the acceleration of cement hydration by silica fume at early ages. Overall, the mitigation of autogenous shrinkage is found to be highly dependent on SAP's absorption and desorption kinetics.
Assessment of reference areas for superimposition of serial 3D models of patients with advanced periodontitis for volumetric soft tissue evaluation
Authors: Kuralt Marko , Fidler Aleš 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the optimal reference area for superimposition of serial 3D dental models of patients with advanced periodontitis.Materials and MethodsTen pre‐ and post‐periodontal treatment 3D models (median time lapse: 13.1 months) of patients with advanced periodontitis were acquired by intraoral scanning. Superimposition was performed with the iterative closest point algorithm using four reference areas: (A) all stable teeth, (B) all teeth, (C) third palatal rugae and (D) the whole model. The superimposition accuracy was evaluated at two stable evaluation regions using the mean absolute distance and evaluated with two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc multivariate model. The intra‐ and inter‐operator reproducibility was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsSuperimposition accuracy evaluated at stable tooth evaluation region were 71 ± 29 μm, 73 ± 21 μm, 127 ± 52 μm and 113 ± 53 μm for areas A, B, C and D, respectively. All reference areas showed similarly high ICC values >0.990, except for reference area C showing ICC of 0.821 (intra‐operator) and 0.767 (inter‐operator) for tooth evaluation area.ConclusionsArea A and B provide the highest accuracy for superimposition of serial 3D dental models acquired by intraoral scanning of patients with advanced periodontitis.
Evaluation of epicardial fat thickness and the ankle‐brachial index in patients with rosacea: A case‐control study
Authors: Aksu Çerman Aslı , Er Kara Arzu , Aktaş Karabay Ezgi , Kaya Hazel Ezgi , Kıvanç Altunay İlknur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent data suggest that rosacea is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its inflammatory nature and immune dysregulation.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the values of epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and the ankle‐brachial index (ABI) in patients with rosacea, as indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD risk.MethodsThis prospective case‐control study was carried out on 62 participants, including 31 rosacea patients and 31 controls. The values of EFT and ABI were measured in all subjects.ResultsThe mean thickness of EFT was statistically higher in rosacea patients (0.54 ± 0.12 mm) than in the controls (0.39 ± 0.05 mm) (P < 0.01). ABI was not significantly different between the subjects with rosacea and the comparison group (1.02 ± 0.1 vs 0.98 ± 0.07; P = 0.131). A total of 29% of the rosacea patients had mitral valve insufficiency (MVI), while 3.2% of the control group had MVI (P = 0.006). A mild degree of tricuspid valve insufficiency (TVI) was present in 45.2% of the rosacea patients, while 19.4% of the controls had TVI (P = 0.03).ConclusionRosacea may be associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction. EFT measurements in rosacea patients can provide early detection of possible subclinical cardiovascular diseases, which can be life‐extending in rosacea. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the present findings.
Leveraged Funds and the Shadow Cost of Leverage Constraints
Authors: LU ZHONGJIN , QIN ZHONGLING 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTUsing the most comprehensive data set of leveraged funds known to the literature, we measure the market‐wide shadow cost of leverage constraints and examine its pricing implications. The shadow cost averages 0.53% per annum from 2006 to 2016, spikes upon quarter‐ends when banks face tighter capital requirements, positively predicts future betting‐against‐beta (BAB) returns, and negatively correlates with contemporaneous BAB returns. Stocks that experience lower returns when the shadow cost increases earn 0.85% more per month. Overall, our shadow cost measure fits the predictions of leverage‐constraint‐based theories better than the widely used TED spread.
On Gendered Justification: A Framework for Understanding Men's and Women's Entrepreneurial Resource‐Acquisition
Authors: Pfefferman Talia , Frenkel Michal , Gilad Sharon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies of gender in entrepreneurship acknowledge that gender norms are at the root of women’s disadvantage in resource‐acquisition but provide limited guidance on how societal (macro‐level) norms and their gendering influence entrepreneurs’ micro‐level behaviours and stakeholders’ decisions within local contexts. To address this lacuna, we draw on gender theory and French Pragmatist Sociology (FPS) to offer G‐FPS: an analytical and methodological framework of resource‐claiming as a process of justifying, engaging and testing, embedded in normative context that constructs gender roles and social worth. Through analysis of a historical case of business resource‐acquisition in pre‐state Israel, we theorize and demonstrate how local gendered norms steered men and women to diverge in their justifications and self‐presentation when making their claims, and how stakeholders evaluated those claims according to their fit with situated gender expectations. We thus illustrate how macro‐level gender norms infiltrate and operate within micro‐level processing, persistently favouring men over women.
Proven Aspergillus flavus pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID‐19 patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Khajavirad Nasim , Seifi Arash , Salahshour Faeze , Jahanbin Behnaz , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Hashemi Sayed Jamal , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Kord Mohammad , Verweij Paul E. , Khodavaisy Sadegh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere COVID‐19 patients complicated with aspergillosis are increasingly reported. We present a histopathological proven case of fatal COVID‐19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), due to Aspergillus flavus. This report and existing published literature indicate diagnostic challenges and poor outcomes of CAPA in ICU patients.
Combined signatures of serum proteome and transcriptome in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer
Authors: Bao Jie , Chen Juan , Zhang XiZhao , Xu Li , Fan YongSheng , Dou XiaoBing 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesRecurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a common oral disease with unclear mechanism. This study aimed to explore the serum signatures of RAU patients via proteomic and transcriptomic analysis.MethodsThis study was based on clinical observation. Part of serum was used for clinical tests, while the rest was processed for isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ) labeling coupled with two‐dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC‐MS/MS) combined with microRNA (miRNA) microarrays. Bioinformatic analysis was then used to obtain significant signatures, which was verified by ELISA, qRT‐PCR, and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays.ResultsClinical data showed that triglyceride level, white blood cell count, and neutrophils percentage were increased in RAU group, while lymphocytes percentage was decreased. ITRAQ‐2D LC‐MS/MS identified 22 upregulated and 33 downregulated proteins in RAU group. Simultaneously, miRNA microarrays identified 64 upregulated and 31 downregulated miRNAs. After integrative bioinformatic analysis and verification, three miRNA‐protein pairs, mainly involved in oxidative stress and inflammation responses, were obtained. Additionally, the interaction network indicated the crucial role of complement and coagulation cascade pathway in RAU.ConclusionsOur study revealed that complement and coagulation cascade pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation responses may act as vital factors in pathogenesis of RAU.
Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on implicit motor learning and language‐related brain function: An fMRI study
Authors: Nakashima Soichiro , Koeda Michihiko , Ikeda Yumiko , Hama Tomoko , Funayama Takuya , Akiyama Tomomi , Arakawa Ryosuke , Tateno Amane , Suzuki Hidenori , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: February 2021

AimAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is known as a useful application for improving depressive symptoms or cognitive performance. Antidepressive effects by anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC are expected, but the neural mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. Further, in depression, reduced performance and left prefrontal hypofunction during the verbal fluency task (VFT) are generally known. However, few studies have examined the effect of tDCS on the language‐related cerebral network. We aimed to investigate whether anodal tDCS at the left DLPFC affects cognitive performance and the neural basis of verbal fluency.MethodsNineteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. The effects of tDCS on cognitive behavior and cerebral function were evaluated by (i) performance and accuracy of implicit/explicit motor learning task (serial reaction time task/sequential finger‐tapping task), and (ii) cerebral activation while the subjects were performing the VFT by using a functional MRI protocol of a randomized sham‐controlled, within‐subjects crossover design.ResultsReaction times of the implicit motor learning task were significantly faster with tDCS in comparison with the sham. Further, language‐related left prefrontal‐parahippocampal‐parietal activation was significantly less with tDCS compared with the sham. Significant correlation was observed between shortened response time in serial reaction time task and decreased cerebral activation during VFT with tDCS.ConclusionAnodal tDCS over the left DLPFC could improve cognitive behavior of implicit motor learning by improving brain function of the frontoparietal‐parahippocampal region related to motor learning, as well as language‐related regions.
Sex differences in the relation between body mass index trajectories and adolescent social adjustment
Authors: Boyer Brittany P. , Nelson Jackie A. , Holub Shayla C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost research on weight‐related social difficulties in adolescence emphasizes categorical measures of weight status (e.g., overweight/obese vs. non‐overweight/non‐obese). However, teens who are not overweight can also experience weight‐related social adjustment problems, and girls may be at higher risk for maladjustment due to weight‐related stigmatization than their male counterparts. The current study modeled trajectories of BMI z‐score (zBMI), a continuous measure of BMI relative to U.S. reference standards for child age and sex, for boys and girls from ages 9 to 15. The sample of 938 adolescents, drawn from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, contained proportions of normal weight and overweight/obese teens that approximate the U.S. population. Latent growth curve modeling was used to establish quadratic models describing zBMI change in boys and girls separately using measurements collected at ages 9, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, and 15.5. zBMI growth parameters were used to predict a latent social adjustment variable indicated by mother and adolescent reports of adaptive social functioning at age 15. Controlling for pubertal timing, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, the proportion of measurements at which children were classified as overweight, and age 9 social adjustment, girls’ more rapid BMI gains across the pubertal transition, and greater acceleration of these growth rates relative to national norms were associated with lower age 15 social adjustment. Findings suggest that a better understanding of weight‐related social adjustment may require broadening the scope of research and intervention efforts to normal‐weight teens, particularly normal‐weight girls.
Economical provision of blood components for critical patient transport across a large geographic area
Authors: Latimer Andrew , Utarnachitt Richard B. , Tuott Erin E. , Hess John R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid air transport of critically injured patients to sites of appropriate care can save lives. The provision of blood products on critical care transport flights may save additional lives by starting resuscitation earlier.MethodsOur regional trauma center transfusion service provided 2 units of O‐negative red blood cells and 2 units of A low‐titer anti‐B liquid plasma in an internally monitored and sealed eutectic box weighing 10.4 pounds to eight air bases once weekly. Flight crews were instructed to transfuse plasma units first. Unused blood was returned to the transfusion service. Total blood use and wastage were recorded.ResultsOver a 6‐year period, ≈ 7400 blood components were provided, and >1000 were used by the air transport service in patient care. Plasma units were 57% of all units given. Unused units were returned to the providing transfusion service and used in hospital patient care with <3% loss. Estimated cost of providing blood per mission was $63 and per patient transfused was $1940.ConclusionsWith appropriate attention to detail, it is possible to provide life‐saving blood components to aeromedical transport services across a large geographic area with efficient blood component usage, minimal blood wastage, and low cost.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic marker for feline mammary carcinomas
Authors: Petrucci Gonçalo N. , Lobo Luís , Queiroga Felisbina , Martins José , Prada Justina , Pires Isabel , Henriques Joaquim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlood leukocyte counts and respective derived ratios have been described as potential prognostic markers in several tumours in veterinary oncology. This study aimed to evaluate peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as prognostic factors for feline mammary carcinomas (FMC). Medical records from cats diagnosed with FMC between 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Cats were included if fully staged, classified as WHO stage I to III, and submitted to mastectomy. Cats were excluded if they had evidence of other diseases. Forty‐nine cats were included. The study endpoints were disease‐free interval (DFI) and tumour‐specific survival (TSS). The median DFI and TSS were 389 days and 528 days respectively. In the univariate analysis, higher values of total white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU) and NLR were identified as significant prognostic factors for both endpoints (P < .05). On the multivariate analysis, NLR remained an independent prognostic factor for TSS (P = .024). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the estimated cut‐off for WBC was 8.49 × 109/L (DFI and TSS); for NEU was 4.62 × 109/L (DFI) and 6.65 × 109/L (TSS) and for NLR was 2.46. These cut‐offs were significant prognostic factors for DFI and TSS (P < .05). NLR cut‐off remained an independent prognostic factor for both DFI (P = .032) and TSS (P = .043) in the multivariable analysis. Our results suggest that NLR, NEU, and WBC can be important non‐invasive presurgical prognostic markers, and that NLR is an independent prognostic marker for FMC. Prospective studies are warranted to validate its clinical use.
Rates of oxidative ATP synthesis are not augmented beyond the pH threshold in human vastus lateralis muscles during a stepwise contraction protocol
Authors: Bartlett Miles F. , Fitzgerald Liam F. , Kent Jane A. 
Published: February 2021

Key points
The oxygen cost of high‐intensity exercise at power outputs above an individual's lactate threshold (LT) is greater than would be predicted by the linear oxygen consumption‐power relationship observed below the LT. However, whether these augmentations are caused by an increased ATP cost of force generation (ATPCOST) or an increased oxygen cost of ATP synthesis is unclear.
We used 31P‐MRS to measure changes in cytosolic [ADP] (intramyocellular marker of oxidative metabolism), oxidative ATP synthesis (ATPOX) and ATPCOST during a 6‐stage, stepwise knee extension protocol.
ATPCOST was unchanged across stages. The relationship between [ADP] and muscle power output was augmented at workloads above the pH threshold (pHT; proxy for LT), whereas increases in ATPOX were attenuated.
These results suggest the greater oxygen cost of contractions at workloads beyond the pHT is not caused by mechanisms that increase ATPCOST, but rather mechanisms that alter intrinsic mitochondrial function or capacity.
AbstractIncreases in skeletal muscle metabolism and oxygen consumption are linearly related to muscle power output for workloads below the lactate threshold (LT), but are augmented (i.e. greater rate of increase relative to workload) thereafter. Presently, it is unclear whether these metabolic augmentations are caused by increases in the ATP cost of force generation (ATPCOST) or changes in the efficiency of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and oxidative ATP synthesis (ATPOX). To partition these two hypotheses in vivo, we used 31P‐MRS to calculate slopes relating step‐changes in muscle work to concurrent changes in cytosolic phosphates and ATPOX before and after the pH threshold (pHT; used here as a proxy for LT) within the vastus lateralis muscle of eight young adults during a stepwise knee extension test. Changes in muscle phosphates and ATPOX were linearly related to workload below the pHT. However, slopes above the pHT were greater for muscle phosphates (P < 0.05) and lower for ATPOX (P < 0.05) than were the slopes observed below the pHT. The maximal capacity for ATPOX () and ADP‐specific ATPOX also declined beyond the pHT (P < 0.05), whereas ATPCOST was unchanged (P = 0.10). These results oppose the hypothesis that high‐intensity contractions increase ATPCOST and suggest that greater oxidative metabolism at workloads beyond the pHT is caused by mechanisms that affect intrinsic mitochondrial function or capacity, such as alterations in substrate selection or electron entry into the electron transport chain, temperature‐mediated changes in mitochondrial permeability to protons, or stimulation of mitochondrial uncoupling by reactive oxygen species generation.
Virtual Assembly With Construction Kits
Authors: Jung Bernhard , Hoffhenke Martin , Wachsmuth Ipke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The CODY1 Virtual Constructor is a knowledge-based system that enables the interactive assembly of 3D visualized mechanical parts to complex and novel aggregates in a virtual environment. Two interaction modalities are provided: The user may (1) either directly manipulate the virtual scene by grasping, moving, and assembling parts using the mouse or similar input devices; or, (2) the user can instruct the system using simple commands in natural language. The basis for these interaction facilities is provided by a knowledge based approach, COAR (“Concepts for Objects, Assemblies, and Roles”%), that is especially tailored towards the representation of ongoing assembly tasks. In COAR, a structured model of a target aggregate can be specified. The system will then — while an aggregate is assembled in the virtual scene — recognize constructed subassemblies of the target aggregate. Furthermore, if multifunctional parts are used, as is likely when considering standardized construction kits, the system also recognizes the specific functional roles assumed by single parts in different subassemblies. We foresee potential manufacturing applications of virtual assembly (a) in the rapid design of novel assemblies and (b) in planning and simulation of assembly processes.
Tradewind: A Prototype Internet Marketplace for Solid Free-Form Fabrication
Authors: Tan Sian , Rothkopf Alan , Pinilla Miguel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
TRADEWIND is a prototype electronic marketplace for SFF processes. This marketplace facilitates the interaction between designers and manufacturers from the initial request for bids to build a design up to transaction closure. The system is built with three distinct layers of functionality corresponding to the market functions of presence and accreditation, bid resolution and transaction closure. The bid resolution process collects bids from a number of manufacturing centers and performs a manufacturability analysis to compare a proposed design with the manufacturing capabilities of each of them. To support this manufacturability analysis we present a prototype parametric language to represent the parts to be built and the manufacturing constraints called “ShopTalk”.
Java-Based Tools for Development and Diagnosis of Real-Time Control Systems
Authors: Shackleford Will , Proctor Fredrick M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been using the Real-time Control System (RCS) Reference Model Architecture for building control systems based on a hierarchy of cyclically executing control modules. This paper describes the work done to build Java tools that allow developers to lay out their hierarchy according to RCS tenets and view or change the inputs and outputs of each module at run-time.
Integrating Virtual Reality for Virtual Prototyping
Authors: Gomes de S. Antonino , Zachmann Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Business process re-engineering is becoming a main focus in today’s efforts to overcome problems and deficits in the automotive and aerospace industries (e.g., integration in international markets, product complexity, increasing number of product variants, reduction in product development time and cost).
In this paper, we investigate the steps needed to apply virtual reality (VR) for virtual prototyping (VP) to verify assembly and maintenance processes. After a review of today’s business process in vehicle prototyping, we discuss CAD-VR data integration and identify new requirements for design quality. We present several new interaction paradigms so that engineers and designers can experiment naturally with the prototype.
Finally, some results of a user survey performed at BMW are presented, showing the acceptance and feasability of VP and the paradigms implemented for our key process. The results show that VR will play an important role for VP in the near future.