bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of atmospheric deposition on biogeochemical cycles in an oligotrophic ocean system
Authors: Van Wambeke France , Taillandier Vincent , Desboeufs Karine , Pulido-Villena Elvira , Dinasquet Julie , Engel Anja , Marañón Emilio , Ridame Céline , Guieu Cécile 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The surface mixed layer (ML) in the Mediterranean Sea is a well-stratified
domain characterized by low macronutrients and low chlorophyll content for almost 6 months of the year. In this study we characterize the
biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N) in the ML by analyzing simultaneous in situ measurements of atmospheric deposition, nutrients in seawater, hydrological conditions, primary production, heterotrophic prokaryotic production, N2 fixation and leucine aminopeptidase activity. Dry deposition was continuously measured across the central and western open Mediterranean Sea, and two wet deposition events were sampled, one in the Ionian Sea and one in the Algerian Basin. Along the transect, N budgets were computed to compare the sources and sinks of N in the mixed layer. In situ leucine aminopeptidase
activity made up 14 % to 66 % of the heterotrophic prokaryotic N demand, and the N2 fixation rate represented 1 % to 4.5 % of the phytoplankton N demand. Dry atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen, estimated from dry deposition of nitrate and ammonium in aerosols, was higher than the N2 fixation rates in the ML (on average 4.8-fold). The dry atmospheric input of inorganic N represented a highly variable proportion of biological N demand in the ML among the stations, 10 %–82 % for heterotrophic
prokaryotes and 1 %–30 % for phytoplankton. As some sites were visited on several days, the evolution of biogeochemical properties in the ML and within the nutrient-depleted layers could be followed. At the Algerian Basin site, the biogeochemical consequences of a wet dust deposition event were monitored through high-frequency sampling. Notably, just after the rain, nitrate was higher in the ML than in the nutrient-depleted layer below. Estimates of nutrient transfer from the ML into the nutrient-depleted layer could explain up to a third of the nitrate loss from the ML. Phytoplankton did not benefit directly from the atmospheric inputs into the ML, probably due to high competition with heterotrophic prokaryotes, also limited by N and phosphorus (P) availability at the time of this study.
Primary producers decreased their production after the rain but recovered
their initial state of activity after a 2 d lag in the vicinity of the
deep chlorophyll maximum layer.
MEMPERKENALKAN SEJARAH PAHLAWAN NASIONAL ZAENUL ARIFIN BAGI PESERTA DIDIK MI/SD DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustainah Hayati 
Published: October 2021

Merdeka is a word that has been eagerly awaited by the Indonesian people especially during the colonial period. Where the Indonesian people were completely colonized by the Netherlands, Japan, and England, even forced labor forced to seize all the spices and other natural resources in Indonesia. To the Japanese occupation masses, the Japanese emphasized and also urged the army of God (Hizbual Warriors) to give their independence to Japan, but the Hizbual Warriors immediately changed their minds and also formed new warriors. The new Laskar-laskar were taken by five santri from various boarding schools in Indonesia.
The aim was to form new armies, so that the Hizbual army would become a powerful army of gods and be able to drive out invaders. The new Laskar-laskar will be trained first in the army in Cibarusah, West Java, led directly by KH.Zaenul Arifin, and the army will be led by KH.Hasyim asy’ari. Zainul arifin Is a native of the city of Nopan, North Sumatra then finished his HIS school in Jambi and then he migrated to Jakarta and worked under the auspices of the government. After that not long afterwards he was appointed as an Indonesian hero. And as for the values of principality in daily life.
Factors that contribute to the internationalization of the Qatari Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Al Jaber Hamad , Katsioloudes Marios 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to identify the factors that the Qatari government can contribute to Qatar’s internationalization of Small-Medium Enterprises (SME). In addition, it highlights the current role played with a variation of the future proposed programs. The obstacles faced by entrepreneurs also have been identified, and was accompanied by counterparts’ views from the country’s officials.
This study involved an online survey shared with 100 business owners and people working in the private sectors targeted through different mediums with help from Qatar Development Bank and their subsidiaries. The overall conclusion from the data analyzed is that there are still missing factors that the country lacks regulations, facilities, and education. However, there is evidence that the Qatari regulator moves in the right direction with the different initiatives and programs. Therefore, even though there are existing facilities, the programs offered do not fit the entrepreneurs’ needs. The entrepreneurs lack the managerial and marketing skills and the power in bargaining and negotiation with external stakeholders.
The main recommendation is to set national private sector/SME advancement techniques within the broader national advancement translated in a centralized portal based on the overall conclusion. Different recommendations have been proposed to provide proper training programs’ implementation plan. The proposals include the capacity of the Qatari government to actualize sound macroeconomic arrangements. The training programs to involve the teachers’ development expand the learner’s ranks, content sharing facility, and instructional methods redesigning. In addition, accessibility to loans and advanced finance equity, mainly to medium and long-term opportunities to grow SMEs’ exchange and venture capacity align with the Qatari National Vision 2030, whereas keeping up sound government accounts will offer assistance to the accessibility of finance for improvement purposes.
Registering content with Crossref or DataCite
Authors: Fenner Martin 
Published: October 2021

This blog started registering DOIs for its content with Crossref last week, and all 450+ blog posts so far were registered by Monday morning. This enables the easy import into reference managers (here using Zotero): Using Zotero or any other reference manager this blog post can now be easily cited: 1.	Fenner M. The Front Matter blog now uses DOIs. Front Matter. Published online October 14, 2021.
PENGARUH SIKAP SKEPTISME, TEKANAN WAKTU DAN INDEPENDENSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT PADA KANTOR INSPEKTORAT ACEH
Authors: Rahmah Yulianti  , Khairuna  , Cut Hamdiah  , Zulfan  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the attitude of skepticism, time pressure and independence jointly (simultaneously) and partially affecting audit quality at the Aceh Inspectorate Office. The data method will collect each variable as a value from each respondent and can be calculated through the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program version 22.0. The data analysis method uses statistical calculations and the SPSS program to test the predetermined hypothesis whether it can be accepted or rejected. In this study, statistical calculations used the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Model. The research method used is quantitative with data collection techniques in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study show that simultaneously the variables of skepticism, time pressure and independence have an influence on the quality of the audit results at the Aceh Inspectorate Office. Partially or individually (t test) skepticism (2.128 <1.681) had a low effect on audit quality at the Aceh Inspectorate Office, time pressure (5,542 <1,681) had a moderate effect on audit quality at the Aceh Inspectorate Office, independence (2.099 <1.681) has a low impact on audit quality at the Aceh Inspectorate Office.
Keywords: Skeptics, Time Pressure and Audit Quality Independence

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sikap skeptisme, tekanan waktu dan independensi secara bersama-sama (simultan) dan parsial berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit pada kantor inspektorat aceh. Metode data akan dihimpun setiap variabel sebagai suatu nilai dari setiap responden dan dapat dihitung melalui program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 22.0. Metode analisa data menggunakan perhitungan statistik dan program SPSS untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan apakah dapat diterima atau ditolak. Dalam penelitian ini perhitungan statistik menggunakan Model Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan secara simultan variabel sikap skeptisme, tekanan waktu dan independensi mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kualitas hasil audit pada Kantor Inspektorat Aceh. Secara parsial atau individual (Uji t) sikap skeptisme (2.128 < 1.681) berpengaruh secara rendah terhadap kualitas audit pada Kantor Inspektorat Aceh, tekanan waktu (5.542 < 1.681) berpengaruh secara sedang terhadap kualitas audit pada Kantor Inspektorat Aceh, independensi (2.099 < 1.681) berpengaruh secara rendah terhadap kualitas audit pada Kantor Inspektorat Aceh.
Kata Kunci : Sikap Skeptisme, Tekanan Waktu Dan Independensi Kualitas Audit
Studies of Self Diffusion Coefficient in Electrorheological Complex Plasmas through Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Asif Shakoori Muhammad , He Maogang , Shahzad Aamir , Khan Misbah 
Published: October 2021

A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method has been proposed for three-dimensional (3D) electrorheological complex (dusty) plasmas (ER-CDPs). The velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) and self-diffusion coefficient (D) have been investigated through Green-Kubo expressions by using equilibrium MD simulations. The effect of uniaxial electric field (MT) on the VACF and D of dust particles has been computed along with different combinations of plasma Coulomb coupling (Γ) and Debye screening (κ) parameters. The new simulation results reflect diffusion motion for lower-intermediate to higher plasma coupling (Γ) for the sufficient strength of 0.0 < M ≥ 1.5. The simulation outcomes show that the MT significantly affects VACF and D. It is observed that the strength of MT increases with increasing the Γ and up to κ = 2. Furthermore, it is found that the increasing trend in D for the external applied MT significantly depends on the combination of plasma parameters (Γ, κ). For the lower values of Γ, the proposed method works only for the low strength of MT; at higher Γ, the simulation scheme works for lower to intermediate MT, and D increased almost 160%. The present results are in fair agreement with parts of other MD data in the literature, with our values generally overpredicting the diffusion motion in ER-CDPs. The investigations show that the present algorithm more effective for the liquids-like and solid-like state of ER-CDPs. Thus, current equilibrium MD techniques can be employed to compute the thermophysical properties and also helps to understand the microscopic mechanism in ER-CDPs.
Goat Type Selection and Molecular Markers; a Solution for Milk Production in Recently Desertified Zones
Authors: Strahsburger Erwin , Scopinich-Cisternas Juan 
Published: October 2021

Goat farming has been severely affected by Desertification, limiting their water and food resources and inducing physiological heat stress that reduces the doe milk yield. Does well adapted to heat stress would be a possible solution, but creole or indigenous goats from desert or arid areas produce between 0.5 to 1.5 L of milk per day, which is lower than the 3 L of milk per day produced by dairy goats like the Saanen breed. Nevertheless, in this chapter, we will discuss the disadvantages of introducing common dairy goats in dry places. Instead, we propose the introduction of desert goats from the Middle East or India, because they produce high-quality milk with low feed intake, making a profitable goat farming activity, and an opportunity to include crossbreeding strategies to improve the herd milk yield. Creole goats, on other hand, has been an underestimated livestock animal with a rich and unveil genetic patrimony that migth improve the herd milk yield. The effect of improved diets and extensive husbandry conditions remains unexplored in desert creole goats, and the use of advanced knowledge in goat genomics, genetic expression, and a wide variety of molecular markers can improve the studies on creole goats for crossbreeding strategies identifying the best traits involved in high-quality milk production and adaptation to dry environments. In this way, the synergy between goat type selection and molecular markers should boost goat farming in recently new desert or arid zones, counteracting the detrimental effects produced by the desertification.
Les prépositions orphelines : un réexamen à la lumière du SP étendu
Authors: Troberg Michelle 
Published: October 2021

Le présent article vise à apporter une nouvelle analyse à la distribution des prépositions et locutions prépositives par rapport à la construction orpheline (Zribi-Hertz 1984). La décomposition du syntagme prépositionnel en une hiérarchie de têtes sémantico-syntaxiques (suivant Svenonius 2010) nous permet d’entamer une formalisation des intuitions voulant que les prépositions orphelines aient un contenu lexical plus important que les prépositions qui n’admettent pas d’argument implicite, rappelant le continuum fonctionnel des prépositions dont celles dites « incolores » se trouvent sur une extrémité et celles dites « colorées » se situent sur l’autre. L’analyse propose une distinction syntaxique tripartite, Sp ; SP ; SD, pour laquelle p (à,de,en,par,sur...) n’admet pas d’argument implicite de façon catégorique. En revanche, le SD, composé d’un élément nominal faiblement référentiel et dénotant un composant axial (côté, face, pied, devant…) en admet facilement un. Pour ce qui est de la catégorie P (avec, après, contre…), elle légitime un argument implicite mais de façon moins prévisible. En s’appuyant sur la discussion de la légitimation des arguments nuls dans Roberge (2012) et des corrélations entre l’argument nul du verbe et celui de la préposition, une analyse unifiée de divers usages des prépositions émerge.
Binder‐Free Growth of Aluminum‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks on Aluminum Substrate for Enhanced Water Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Yang Tianyu , Ge Lurong , Ge Tianshu , Zhan Guowu , Wang Ruzhu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on metal substrates is an important research orientation in the applications of MOFs. However, the existing binder‐based coating method needs repetitive operations and unavoidably plugs the pores of MOFs, resulting in a reduction of the adsorption capacity. Herein, a binder‐free method is proposed to construct the MOF‐on‐metal structure. The well‐intergrown polycrystalline Al‐MOF layer on aluminum substrate is prepared by in situ synthesizing Al‐based MOFs (MIL‐96 and MIL‐100) with aluminum ions from the dissolution of aluminum substrates. The morphology and chemical compositions of the MOF coating layer are systematically characterized, and a pH‐controlled strategy is proposed to regulate the relative proportion of the hybrid MOFs. Importantly, the MOF‐on‐metal structure displays ultrahigh water adsorption capacity of 192.5 g m−2, which is the highest of all reported desiccant‐coated metal structures, and superior cycling stability. Further, the performance of a desiccant heat pump system utilizing MOF‐on‐metal structure is predicted, demonstrating that the operation period is 80% longer than a system with a binder‐based silica gel coating, and the average dehumidification capacity can reach 8.36 g kg−1 dry air. In conclusion, the new method enables the formation of binder‐free, low‐cost, and high‐performance MOF coating and has a broad prospect in energy‐efficient adsorption‐based applications.
Charge‐Carrier Transport in Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Linfang , Ma Junjie , Li Pengwei , Zang Shuangquan , Han Liyuan , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) perovskite materials have been explored as emerging semiconductor materials in solar cells owing to their excellent stability and structural diversity. Although 2DRP perovskites have achieved photovoltaic efficiencies exceeding 19%, their widespread use is hindered by their inferior charge‐carrier transport properties in the presence of diverse organic spacer cations, compared to that of traditional 3D perovskites. Hence, a systematic understanding of the carrier transport mechanism in 2D perovskites is critical for the development of high‐performance 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the recent advances in the carrier behavior of 2DRP PSCs are summarized, and guidelines for successfully enhancing carrier transport are provided. First, the composition and crystal structure of 2DRP perovskite materials that affect carrier transport are discussed. Then, the features of 2DRP perovskite films (phase separation, grain orientation, crystallinity kinetics, etc.), which are closely related to carrier transport, are evaluated. Next, the principal direction of carrier transport guiding the selection of the transport layer is revealed. Finally, an outlook is proposed and strategies for enhancing carrier transport in high‐performance PSCs are rationalized.
Combining Experimental and DFT Investigation of the Mechanism Involved in Thermal Etching of Titanium Nitride Using Alternate Exposures of NbF5 and CCl4, or CCl4 Only
Authors: Sharma Varun , Kondati Natarajan Suresh , Elliott Simon D. , Blomberg Tom , Haukka Suvi , Givens Michael E. , Tuominen Marko , Ritala Mikko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThermally activated chemical vapor‐phase etching of titanium nitride (TiN) is studied by utilizing either alternate exposures of niobium pentafluoride (NbF5) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or by using CCl4 alone. Nitrogen (N2) gas purge steps are carried out in between every reactant exposure. Titanium nitride is etched in a non‐self‐limiting way by NbF5–CCl4 based binary chemistry or by CCl4 at temperatures between 370 and 460 °C. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and a weight balance are used to calculate the etch per cycle. For the binary chemistry, an etch per cycle of ≈0.8 Å is obtained for 0.5 and 3 s long exposures of NbF5 and CCl4, respectively at 460 °C. On the contrary, under the same conditions, the etch process with CCl4 alone gives an etch per cycle of about 0.5 Å. In the CCl4‐only etch process, the thickness of TiN films removed at 460 °C varies linearly with the number of etch cycles. Furthermore, CCl4 alone is able to etch TiN selectively over other materials such as Al2O3, SiO2, and Si3N4. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bright field transmission electron microscopy are used for studying the post‐etch surfaces. To understand possible reaction products and energetics, first‐principles calculations are carried out with density functional theory. From thermochemical analysis of possible reaction models, it is found that NbF5 alone cannot etch TiN while CCl4 alone can etch it at high temperatures. The predicted byproducts of the reaction between the CCl4 gas molecules and TiN surface are TiCl3 and ClCN. Similarly, TiF4, NbFCl3, and ClCN are predicted to be the likely products when TiN is exposed to both NbF5 and CCl4. A more favorable etch reaction is predicted when TiN is exposed to both NbF5 and CCl4 (ΔG = −2.7 eV at 640 K) as compared to exposure to CCl4 only (ΔG = −2 eV at 640 K) process. This indicates that an enhanced etch rate is possible when TiN is exposed alternately to both NbF5 and CCl4, which is in close agreement with the experimental results.
Broadband Nonlinear Photoresponse and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of 2D PdSe2
Authors: Chen Xin , Huang Jiawei , Chen Chenduan , Chen Meiling , Hu Guohang , Wang Hongqiang , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPalladium diselenide (PdSe2) exhibits considerable potential for application in broadband optoelectronic devices. In this work, the broadband nonlinear optical performance and ultrafast carrier dynamics from ultraviolet to near‐infrared of a trilayer PdSe2 are systematically studied. PdSe2 is found to achieve a giant saturable absorption performance. The modulation depth is 22.47% at 520 nm, whereas the nonsaturable loss and saturation intensity are only 3.83% and 15.47 GW cm−2, respectively, which are better than those of many 2D semiconductors. Based on these findings, a PdSe2‐based visible light thresholder is proposed, its function is to extract an undetectable pulse signal drowned in strong stochastic noise and thereby improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Pump–probe technique, along with first‐principles calculation and transient absorption spectra, reveals the intrinsic recombination mechanism, including Auger scattering and trap saturation. This work is expected to establish the foundation for the development of next‐generation PdSe2‐based devices in optoelectronics and visible light communication.
Twinning Enhances Efficiencies of Metallic Catalysts toward Electrolytic Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Chun‐Lung , Sasaki Kotaro , Senthil Raja Duraisamy , Hsieh Cheng‐Ting , Wu Yen‐Ju , Su Jing‐Ting , Cheng Chih‐Chieh , Cheng Po‐Yin , Lin Shin‐Hong , Choi YongMan , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwinning is demonstrated to be an effective way of enhancing efficiencies of metallic catalysts toward electrolytic water splitting. Dendritic Cu possessing dense coherent nanotwin (NT) boundaries (NTCu‐5nm) is successfully prepared with an organic‐assisted electrodeposition at high pulse current densities. NT boundaries significantly improve electrocatalytic efficiencies and stability of NTCu‐5nm over nanocrystalline Cu (NCCu), reducing overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from 378 to 281 mV and from 235 to 88 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with a small chronoamperometric decay of 5% after 100 h continuous overall water splitting at an ultrahigh initial current density of 500 mA cm−2, largely outperforming the large chronoamperometric decay of 27% for only 1 h operation of the NCCu//NCCu couple. The defective twin boundaries enable formation of active CuIIIO2− at low overpotentials, thus enhancing OER performance. The synergistic geometric and electronic effects induced by the twin boundaries result in shifts in Gibbs free energies of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH) toward the apex of a volcano plot of exchange current density versus ΔGH, leading to the remarkable improvement in HER activity.