bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From unwanted squatters to good tenants: Ectosymbionts and their relationships with body condition of Atlantic Forest Passeriformes
Authors: Fratoni Rafael de Oliveira , De La Torre Gabriel Massaccesi , Freitas Fernando José Ferneda , Guaraldo André de Camargo , Manica Lilian Tonelli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany organisms live in or on birds, with arthropods being the best studied ones. Ectosymbiotic arthropods may parasitise birds by feeding upon blood or feathers, thereby causing injury or competing for essential resources. Nevertheless, ectosymbionts sometimes cause no adverse effect to birds because they consume only excess preening oil, debris and microorganisms on feathers. The influence of these ectosymbionts on host body condition is still poorly understood, especially for species living in one of the most endangered biomes, the Atlantic Forest in South America. We tested for the relationships between ectosymbionts and host’s morphological traits: flight muscle condition, mass index and feather growth rate. We inspected the body surface of 282 individual birds of 45 understory‐dwelling species looking for ectosymbionts and estimated vane‐dwelling feather mite load in their remiges. We calculated ectosymbiont prevalence and mean infestation intensity in 193 individual birds from 11 species. In seven species (n = 106 individual birds), we tested for the relationship between ectosymbionts and morphological traits using generalised linear mixed models. We found a negative relationship between the presence of ectoparasites and the host pectoral muscle condition, supporting the parasitic nature of tissue‐feeding symbionts. Nevertheless, we found no relationship between vane‐dwelling feather mite loads and hosts’ morphological traits, which supports the hypothesis of likely commensalism between these organisms.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of active flying Diptera predators among different farmland habitats
Authors: Harterreiten‐Souza Érica S. , Togni Pedro H.B. , Capellari Renato S. , Bickel Daniel , Pujol‐Luz José R. , Sujii Edison R. 
Published: February 2021

Farmland habitats comprise an arrangement of cropped, uncropped and natural vegetation among the farms. Despite the differences in these habitats' features, generalist highly mobile predators are more likely to explore them in time and space.
We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of the species of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) in organic vegetable farms because they are one of the most abundant generalist highly mobile predators in Brazilian agroecosystems.
We simultaneously sampled the abundance of Condylostylus Bigot and Chrysotus Loew adults (both Dolichopodidae) in the crop, fallow areas, agroforests and forest fragments within five organic farms for 2 years.
Predators preferred open‐field habitats to agroforests and forest fragments. Probably, open‐field habitats present more opportunities to prey foraging, resulting in higher population densities.
To the extent that abiotic conditions become more restrictive during the dry season, agroforests and forests act as breeding sites and shelter, thereby maintaining the predators' populations in the overall farmland habitat.
Both predatory genera occupy habitats with distinct features across time, forming a dynamic and contiguous population unit within the farm. Therefore, conservation biological control strategies in organic crops should consider the role of agroforests and forest fragments in species conservation beyond the plot level.
Effects of dried natto diet on the transcript levels of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, coactivator‐1α and ‐1β, and nuclear receptor corepressor 1 genes in laying hens
Authors: Seo Yuta , Kubota Takuya , Sudo Masami , Toda Naomi , Ogawa Yasuki , Miyaguchi Yuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effects of natto, a fermented soybean food, on transcript levels of hen peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARG), PPARG coactivator‐1α and −1β (PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B), and nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) were investigated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction in white leghorn (Julia strain) hens. Twenty‐one‐ and 34‐week‐old hens were fed a basic or 3% dried natto‐supplemented diet for 8 weeks. In the 21‐ and 34‐week‐old hens fed the natto‐supplemented diet, hepatic PPARGC1B and NCOR1 transcript levels and adipose and hepatic PPARG transcript levels were significantly lower, respectively, than those in the control group. Furthermore, 34‐ and 42‐week‐old hens were fed a basic diet supplemented with 3% of the protein/fiber‐enriched fraction (PFB) or 0.6% of the fat‐enriched fraction (FAT) of natto, respectively, for 8 weeks. Adipose PPARG transcript levels were higher in the FAT diet group and significantly lower in the PFB diet group than in the control group. However, both FAT and PFB diet groups showed significantly lower hepatic PPARG transcript levels than did the control group. These results suggest that dried natto influences the transcript levels of PPARG, PPARGC1B, and NCOR1, and the FAT and PFB of natto influence the adipose and hepatic PPARG transcript levels in hens.
Quality indicator selection for the Canadian Partnership against Cancer rectal cancer project: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Pooni Amandeep , Schmocker Selina , Brown Carl , MacLean Anthony , Hochman David , Williams Lara , Baxter Nancy , Simunovic Marko , Liberman Sender , Drolet Sébastien , Neumann Katerina , Jhaveri Kartik , Kirsch Richard , Kennedy Erin D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIt is well established that (i) magnetic resonance imaging, (ii) multidisciplinary cancer conference (MCCs), (iii) preoperative radiotherapy, (iv) total mesorectal excision surgery and (v) pathological assessment as described by Quirke are key processes necessary for high quality, rectal cancer care. The objective was to select a set of multidisciplinary quality indicators to measure the uptake of these clinical processes in clinical practice.MethodA multidisciplinary panel was convened and a modified two‐phase Delphi method was used to select a set of quality indicators. Phase 1 included a literature review with written feedback from the panel. Phase 2 included an in‐person workshop with anonymous voting. The selection criteria for the indicators were strength of evidence, ease of capture and usability. Indicators for which ≥90% of the panel members voted ‘to keep’ were selected as the final set of indicators.ResultsDuring phase 1, 68 potential indicators were generated from the literature and an additional four indicators were recommended by the panel. During phase 2, these 72 indicators were discussed; 48 indicators met the 90% inclusion threshold and included eight pathology, five radiology, 11 surgical, six radiation oncology and 18 MCC indicators.ConclusionA modified Delphi method was used to select 48 multidisciplinary quality indicators to specifically measure the uptake of key processes necessary for high quality care of patients with rectal cancer. These quality indicators will be used in future work to identify and address gaps in care in the uptake of these clinical processes.
Multi‐angle face expression recognition based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lu Lihua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBecause of the different features of the same facial expressions from different angles, most of the methods are only suitable for face images, and the accuracy of facial expression recognition is low. Therefore, a multi‐angle facial expression recognition method based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) is proposed. Firstly, the depth regression network is used to detect the key points of the face image to achieve face alignment, so as to reduce the difficulty of feature extraction. Then, the image is input to GAN. The generator is composed of encoder and decoder, and a skip connection is designed. In the encoding phase, the generator can unlock the correlation between the facial expression image and the angle, and in the decoding stage, it can generate different angle facial expression images by adding other angle information. Finally, the multi‐angle facial expression images are sent to the convolution neural network for classification and learning, in which the loss weight is adjusted dynamically to improve the recognition accuracy by introducing resistance loss, recognition loss, content loss, and center loss. The experimental results on Multi‐pose illumination expression (PIE) and celebrities in frontal profile (CFP) datasets show that the performance of the proposed method is the best when the learning rate is 0.0002, and the recognition accuracy under different angles is higher than other comparison methods, so it has practical application significance.
Does younger age at marriage affect divorce? Evidence from Johnson's Executive Order 11241
Authors: Bailey Martha J. , Beam Emily A. , Wentz Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBefore President Johnson's Executive Order 11241 in August 1965, married men received lower draft priority for military service. As the Vietnam War escalated in the summer of 1965, anecdotal evidence suggests draft‐eligible men sought marriage to lower their likelihood of serving. This paper quantifies the effects of these Vietnam‐era policies on marriage and finds that they significantly reduced the age at first marriage and altered the choice of spouse. However, younger marriages induced by the war were less likely to result in divorce 15 years later. Evidence also suggests that these younger marriages had little effect on long‐term outcomes.
Direct evidence for eoarchean iron metabolism?
Authors: Hassenkam Tue , Tsai Esther H. R. , Sørensen Henning O. , Dalby Kim N. , Mackenzie David M. A. , Holler Mirko , Ferreira Dario , Grolimund Daniel , Bruns Stefan , Rosing Minik T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetasedimentary rocks from Isua, West Greenland (> 3,700 million years old) contain carbonaceous compounds, compatible with a biogenic origin (Hassenkam, Andersson, Dalby, Mackenzie, & Rosing, 2017; Ohtomo, Kakegawa, Ishida, Nagase, & Rosing, 2014; Rosing, 1999). The metamorphic mineral assemblage with garnet and quartz intergrowths contains layers of carbonaceous inclusions contiguous with carbon‐rich sedimentary beds in the host rock. Previous studies (Hassenkam et al., 2017; Ohtomo et al., 2014; Rosing, 1999) on Isua rocks focused on testing the biogenic origin of the carbonaceous material, but here we searched for evidence which could provide new insights into the nature of the life that generated this carbonaceous material. We studied material trapped in inclusions armoured within quartz grains inside garnet porphyroblasts by non‐destructive ptychographic X‐ray nanotomography (PXCT). The 3D electron density maps generated by PXCT were correlated with maps from X‐ray fluorescence tomography and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. We found that the material trapped inside inclusions in the quartz grains consist of disordered carbon material encasing domains of iron‐rich carbonaceous material. These results corroborate earlier claims (Hassenkam et al., 2017; Ohtomo et al., 2014; Rosing, 1999) for biogenic origins and are compatible with relics of metamorphosed biological material originally containing high iron/carbon ratios, comparable to ratios found in most extant organisms. These iron‐rich domains represent the oldest evidence for organic iron complexes in the geologic record and are consistent with Fe‐isotopic evidence for metabolic iron fractionation in > 3,700 Ma Isua banded iron formation (Czaja et al., 2013; Whitehouse & Fedo, 2007).
Characterization of thunderclap headache in a reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome case series
Authors: Smith Jonathan H. , Amer Mohammed A. , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo empirically address how thunderclap headache (TCH) is described in a relevant real‐world setting.BackgroundTCH refers to a highly recognizable description of a severe headache that reaches maximum severity within 1 minute and endures for at least 5 minutes. The use of a numerical rating scale (NRS) to appraise TCH severity, as well as assessment of TCH progression in patients with pre‐existing headache at the time of TCH onset has not been previously evaluated.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series of adults with a diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), identified through a search of the electronic health record. Individuals meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition criteria for acute headache attributed to RCVS were included. Attacks described using a verbal descriptor scale (VDS), NRS, or both were recorded to evaluate acute headache characteristics.ResultsIn all, 56 individuals with available descriptions of 120 acute headaches were included in the study analysis. Patients were female (35, 62.5%) with a median age of 46 (range: 19–67). The majority of patients reported a RCVS trigger (39, 69.6%). Acute headaches were characterized using a VDS (52, 43.3%), NRS (51, 42.5%), or both (17, 14.1%). Acute headaches were always described as severe when a VDS was utilized, and with a median NRS of 10 (range: 4–10). Four patients (7%) did not have a single headache characterized as either severe or with a NRS 8 or greater. In the 10 cases for which there was a pre‐TCH baseline headache, it was either rated as mild or with a median NRS of 3 (range: 2–6).ConclusionsTCH in RCVS can be recognized using either VDS or NRS, with a broader range of peak intensities than previously recognized. TCH remains recognizable despite pre‐existing baseline headache.
Searching for the fundamentals of rehydroxylation dating of archaeological ceramics via NMR and IR microscopy
Authors: Avramovska Marija , Chmelik Christian , Derkowski Arkadiusz , Fantalkin Alexander , Freude Dieter , Haase Jürgen , Hare Vincent , Kärger Jörg , Kuligiewicz Artur , Moinester Murray 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetermining absolute ages of archaeological ceramics is crucial for understanding past societies and reconstructing their accurate chronologies. The amount of OH hydroxyl chemically combined with ceramic material has been claimed to provide an ‘internal clock’ that can be read via RHX dating to determine the elapsed time since it was fired. The hydroxylation reaction, controlled by the slow diffusion of water molecules within the structure of clay minerals, has been described by a quartic root (time)1/4power law dependence. However, previous attempts of RHX dating by gravimetric methods have not been successful, since the mass gain due to OH hydroxylation or H2O hydration could not be distinguished. We carried out a preliminary study of RHX dating via Infrared (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of three pure clay minerals, beidellite, illite and muscovite, as analogues for components of archaeological materials. Our study of RHX kinetics via IR microscopy gives important evidence regarding the quartic root time power law dependence. Furthermore, NMR allows us to study the structural as well as dynamic features of clays. Through observing the H/D exchange, we obtain access to the relevant activation energies and diffusion coefficients. We show that IR and NMR methods hold significant potential to refine the RHX dating method by understanding the elementary processes of mass transfer and hydroxylation in pure clays.
The delivery of smoking cessation interventions by nurses who smoke: A meta‐ethnographic synthesis
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Jose Duaso Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo gain new insights into the experiences of nurses who smoke and to understand the impact of those experiences on their delivery of smoking cessation interventions.DesignA meta‐ethnographic synthesis.Data sourcesCINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science and grey literature databases were searched from their inception to April 2019.Review MethodsMeta‐ethnography was employed to synthesize findings from included studies. The CASP qualitative checklist was used to appraise the quality of each study, and the GRADE‐CERQual approach to appraise review findings. The synthesis is reported in accordance with the eMERGe reporting guidance.ResultsFrom an initial search outcome of 6,019 citations, 13 studies were included detailing the experiences of 195 nurses who were smokers or ex‐smokers. Four main themes were identified beliefs, dissonance, coping mechanisms and workplace policies. An integrated conceptual map was proposed on the basis of findings. Nurses who smoke were aware of tobacco harms and their role in addressing tobacco use, which resulted in experiences of guilt and stigma. Workplace policies played a crucial role in the creation of cognitive dissonance. Nurses used different strategies to cope with dissonance such as rationalizing smoking benefits, hiding their smoking behaviour, denial of smoking risks, and failing to engage with smoking cessation interventions. Some nurses expressed more positive aspirations to cope with their dissonance, including a willingness to quit and to embrace smoking cessation interventions with their patients.ConclusionImplementing smoke‐free policies and supportive interventions targeting nurses’ cognitive dissonance may assist them to quit smoking and improve their engagement in smoking cessation practices.
Long‐term risk of end‐stage renal diseases with maintenance dialysis among chronic hepatitis C patients after antiviral therapy in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Hsuan , Bair Ming‐Jong , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Tseng Kuo‐Chih , Lo Ching‐Chu , Chen Chi‐Yi , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lai Hsueh‐Chou , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Lee Pei‐Lun , Chien Rong‐Nan , Yang Chi‐Chieh , Lo Gin‐Ho , Kao Jia‐Horng , Liu Chun‐Jen , Liu Chen‐Hua , Yan Sheng‐Lei , Lin Chun‐Yen , Su Wei‐Wen , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Chen Chih‐Jen , Tung Shui‐Yi , Tai Chi‐Ming , Lin Chih‐Wen , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Wang Chia‐Chi , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Lin Han‐Chieh , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long ,   T‐COACH investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with impaired renal function. The aim of this study is to explore the risk of and factors associated with end‐stage renal diseases (ESRD) under maintenance dialysis among HCV patients after anti‐HCV therapy.MethodsA total of 12 696 HCV‐infected patients with interferon‐based therapy, including 9679 (76.2%) achieving sustained virological response (SVR), were enrolled from 23 hospitals in Taiwan.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 5.3 years (67 554 person‐years), the annual incidence of 4.1/10 000 person‐years, 4.0/10 000 and 4.7/10 000 person‐years among SVR patients and non‐SVR patients, respectively. History of diabetes and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/m2, instead of SVR, were the significant risk factors for developing ESRD with maintenance dialysis after anti‐HCV therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 7.75 and 9.78).ConclusionDiabetes and baseline impaired renal function were strongly associated with progression to ESRD with maintenance dialysis among chronic HCV‐infected patients after antiviral therapy.
Frictions in an Experimental Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Economy
Authors: Noussair Charles N. , Pfajfar Damjan , Zsiros Janos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe construct experimental economies, populated with human subjects, with different institutional features that have a structure and incentives similar to a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. An experimental economy with monopolistic competition and no menu costs generates empirical patterns that are closer to the U.S. economy than simulations or the other experimental environments. We observe greater welfare and output in a setting where goods are perfect substitutes compared to treatments with monopolistic competition. Discretionary human central bankers produce lower output and welfare compared to an automated instrumental rule. Menu costs reduce inflation volatility.
Nursing home staff's perceptions of barriers and needs in implementing person‐centred care for people living with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kong Eun‐Hi , Kim Hyang , Kim Hyejin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study explored nursing home staff's barriers and needs in implementing person‐centred care for people with dementia.BackgroundPerson‐centred care is an imperative international policy and the best‐practice standard for dementia care. However, a gap exists between policy and practice. Moreover, there is a lack of qualitative studies that explored nursing home staff's barriers and needs in implementing person‐centred care for people living with dementia.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was adopted.MethodsUsing convenience sampling method, a total of 24 staff members (nurses, nurse's aides, or care workers) were recruited from six nursing homes in Korea. Two in‐depth, face‐to‐face, one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with all participants (a total of 48 interviews). A semi‐structured interview guide was used and field notes were written after each interview. Data were collected until data saturation was reached. Qualitative content analysis was used. This study followed the COREQ guidelines.ResultsFour themes emerged from data analysis: insufficient resources, lack of education, negative mindset and poor relationships. This study showed that nursing home staff experienced many barriers and unmet needs in implementing person‐centred care for people with dementia.ConclusionThe findings indicated that nursing home staff faced many barriers and needs in implementing person‐centred care for people with dementia. Nursing home staff need more legitimate, financial, educational and emotional support.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study indicates more national and organisational support are needed for nursing home staff to successfully implement person‐centred care for people living with dementia. Nursing home leaders need to recognise the importance of their role in overcoming the barriers and provide effective support for staff in implementing person‐centred dementia care.
Occurrence and characterization of virus species associated with black pepper (piper nigrum l.) virus diseases in Hainan province, China
Authors: Che Haiyan , Cao Xueren , Liu Peipei , Luo Daquan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlack pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most ancient spice crops in the world. Hainan Province is the largest black pepper‐producing region in China. Viral disease is one of the main factors affecting black pepper. However, there are rarely studies on black pepper viral disease in China. We performed a survey in five major black pepper‐growing counties (Qionghai, Wenchang, Wanning, Haikou and Ding'an) of Hainan Province and collected 589 samples, with virus‐like symptoms from 2014 to 2019. Various viruses were identified including cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), Piper DNA virus 1 (PDV‐1) and Piper DNA virus 2 (PDV‐2) using small RNA deep sequencing. The RT‐PCR screening of field samples indicated three types of infection: CMV alone (5.56%), PYMoV + PDV‐1 + PDV‐2 (25.00%) and PYMoV + CMV +PDV‐1 + PDV‐2 (69.44%). The data suggested that PYMoV might be the main pathogen causing virus diseases of black pepper. Two complete genome sequences of PYMoV were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PYMoV isolates from China were placed in a branch distinct from PYMoV isolates from India. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PYMoV, PDV‐1 and PDV‐2 naturally infecting black pepper, and the first genome sequence of PYMoV in China.