bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-an Analytical Study in Rajshahi
Authors: Hasan Md Aminul , Hoque Md Azizul , Hossain AA Mamun , Sardar Md Amzad Hossain , Amin Md Ruhul , Sheherin Sonia 
Published: July 2021

Background: Depression is one of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and it impacts glycemic control. Optimal management of depression may lead to better control of glucose levels in DM.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess depression in patients with DM and to compare it with healthy control and to determine the association of depression with glycemic control and socio-demographic profile in patients with DM and healthy control.
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 140 patients with DM attending Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Diabetic Association Hospital, Rajshahi, from July 2014 to June 2016. Subsequently, 140 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The DSM-V criteria were used to diagnose depression and the severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton rating scale for depression. Blood glucose control was assessed by measuring HbA1c and categorized as: good glycemic control <7%, fair glycaemic control 7-8% and > 8% considered as poor glycemic control. Results: The proportion of depression was significantly higher in the patient (51, 36,4%) than in the control (20,14.3%) (X2= 18.256, df= 2, p <0.001). Among patients 13 (9.28%) had mild depression, 23 (16.42%) had moderate depression and 15 (10.70%) had severe depression. But among control 11 (7.87%) had mild depression, 7 (5%) had moderate depression and 2 (1.43%) had severe depression. Depression was more in patients aged 40-60 years (45,42.1%) than in those aged 18-39 years (6,18.2%) which was statistically significant (t = - 3.947, p < 0.001). Both mild, moderate and severe depression were more common among singles, obese, Type 2 DM & patients who were taking both insulin & OHA. Statistically significant depression were observed in poorly controlled DM (HbA1c>8%) compared to fair control (HbA1c 7-8%) (p <0.001, 95% CI = 2.29 to 3.82) and good control (HbA1c < 7%) (p <0.001, 95% CI = 4.25 to 5.98).The likelihood of depression was not significantly associated with different occupation, level of education, residence and duration of DM. Significant positive correlation was observed between DSM-V score and age (r = 0.295, p<0.001),BMI (r = 0.473, p<0.001), duration of DM and HbA1c (r = 0.734, p<0.001) in patients with DM.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that there is a higher proportion of depression in patients with DM, which is almost thrice than healthy control. Since patients with DM are at higher risk of developing depression, assessment of depression should be part of the initial and ongoing evaluation of these patients to improve their quality of life.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 47-54
Presentation and Comparison of Unnatural Deaths Due to Different Types of Accidents in the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Kafil , Zaman Md Akhtar Uz , Saha Manasi , Md Raihan Mir 
Published: July 2021

Background: Accidental deaths are the object of public health issues. This study was designed to explore and compare the statistics of all types of accidental deaths that occurred in the Rajshahi district in 2019 and 2020.
Materials and methods: The data presented here were accumulated from the forensic examination of the corresponding dead bodies, which were submitted by police from the different police stations in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (DFMT) at RMC for postmortem examination. This study confirms and explores the number of accidental deaths based on the observation, which were analogous with corresponding signs of studied accidental events.
Results: According to the data, road traffic accident (RTA) was the most prevalent cause of unnatural accidental death in both years. In 2019, the number of deaths due to unwanted bomb explosions was the lowest. But, in 2020, the lowest number of deaths were observed due to alcohol overdose. The numbers of deaths due to other accidents were almost equal.
Conclusion: This study suggests taking preventive measures that may reduce accidental deaths.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 70-74
Highly Water-Dispersible Graphene Nanosheets From Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite
Authors: Park Si-Woo , Jang Byungkwon , Kim Han , Lee Jimin , Park Ji Young , Kang Sung-Oong , Choa Yong-Ho 
Published: July 2021

The electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has been considered to be an effective approach for the mass production of high-quality graphene due to its easy, simple, and eco-friendly synthetic features. However, water dispersion of graphene produced in the electrochemical exfoliation method has also been a challenging issue because of the hydrophobic properties of the resulting graphene. In this study, we report the electrochemical exfoliation method of producing water-dispersible graphene that importantly contains the relatively low oxygen content of &lt;10% without any assistant dispersing agents. Through the mild in situ sulfate functionalization of graphite under alkaline electrochemical conditions using a pH buffer, the highly water-dispersible graphene could be produced without any additional separation processes of sedimentation and/or centrifugation. We found the resulting graphene sheets to have high crystalline basal planes, lateral sizes of several μm, and a thickness of &lt;5 nm. Furthermore, the high aqueous dispersion stability of as-prepared graphene could be demonstrated using a multi-light scattering technique, showing very little change in the optical transmittance and the terbiscan stability index over time.
Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Chronic Refractory Angina Pectoris: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Weijing Liu , Ximin Fan , Jianying Shen , Mengyun Zhu , Xuehua Fan , Yawei Xu , Liqiong Hong 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is a non-invasive new option for the treatment of chronic refractory angina pectoris (CRAP). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of CSWT in the treatment of CRAP.Methods: Eighty-seven patients with CRAP were randomly allocated into CWST group (n = 46) and Control group (n = 41). Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grade of angina pectoris, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, 6-min walk test (6MWT), weekly dosage of nitroglycerin, and myocardial perfusion on D-SPECT were determined at baseline and during the follow-up period. Adverse events were also evaluated.Results: CSWT was well-tolerated in the CSWT patients. CSWT significantly improved the CCS grade, SAQ score, and 6MWT (p &lt; 0.05). Imaging examinations showed that the ischemic area was reduced after CSWT. However, no significant changes were observed in the Control group.Conclusions: CSWT may improve the myocardial perfusion and reduce clinical symptoms without increasing adverse effects in CRAP patients. It provides a non-invasive and safe clinical therapy for CRAP patients.Clinical Trial registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03398096.
Multi-Level Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Study to Reveal Significant Risk Genes and Pathways in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Li Ting , Li He , Li Yue , Dong Shu-An , Yi Ming , Zhang Qiu-Xia , Feng Bin , Yang Li , Shi Fu-Dong , Yang Chun-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and it is understandable that environmental and genetic factors underlie the etiology of NMOSD. However, the susceptibility genes and associated pathways of NMOSD patients who are AQP4-Ab positive and negative have not been elucidated.MethodsSecondary analysis from a NMOSD Genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset originally published in 2018 (215 NMOSD cases and 1244 controls) was conducted to identify potential susceptibility genes and associated pathways in AQP4-positive and negative NMOSD patients, respectively (132 AQP4-positive and 83 AQP4-negative).ResultsIn AQP4-positive NMOSD cases, five shared risk genes were obtained at chromosome 6 in AQP4-positive NMOSD cases by using more stringent p-Values in both methods (p &lt; 0.05/16,532), comprising CFB, EHMT2, HLA-DQA1, MSH5, and SLC44A4. Fifty potential susceptibility gene sets were determined and 12 significant KEGG pathways were identified. Sixty-seven biological process pathways, 32 cellular-component pathways, and 29 molecular-function pathways with a p-Value of &lt;0.05 were obtained from the GO annotations of the 128 pathways identified. In the AQP4 negative NMOSD group, no significant genes were obtained by using more stringent p-Values in both methods (p &lt; 0.05/16,485). The 22 potential susceptibility gene sets were determined. There were no shared potential susceptibility genes between the AQP4-positive and negative groups, furthermore, four significant KEGG pathways were also identified. Of the GO annotations of the 165 pathways identified, 99 biological process pathways, 37 cellular-component pathways, and 29 molecular-function pathways with a p-Value of &lt;0.05 were obtained.ConclusionThe potential molecular mechanism underlying NMOSD may be related to proteins encoded by these novel genes in complements, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. The new results may represent an improved comprehension of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying NMOSD.
Magnitude of Intestinal Parasitosis, Malnutrition, and Predictors of Anemia Among Nonpregnant Reproductive-Age Women Attending Healthcare Services in Olenchity General Hospital, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Yada Tesema Abera , Dessie Yadeta , Darghawth Rasha , Wilfong Tara , Kure Mohammed Abdurke , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAnemia and malnutrition remain a public health challenge in developing worlds. Anemia during a nonpregnant state is one of the neglected medical conditions affecting reproductive-age women around the world. Globally, it is estimated that one-third of all reproductive-age women are anemic. Although it has negative consequences and extensive burden, anemia in nonreproductive-age women is rarely studied in Africa. In Ethiopia, studies investigating anemia and malnutrition among nonpregnant reproductive-age women are limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess intestinal parasitic infection, malnutrition, and predictors of anemia among nonpregnant reproductive-age women in Olenchity General Hospital, central Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 405 nonpregnant reproductive-age women in Olenchity General Hospital, central Ethiopia from February 14 to March 24, 2018. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and tested to determine hemoglobin levels by using a hematology analyzer machine. Collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.02 and exported to SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2012) for further analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors independently associated with anemia after controlling for possible confounders. Statistical significance was declared at p-value &lt;0.05.ResultOverall, the magnitude of anemia was found to be 47.4% [95% CI (42.7, 52.6)], of which 34.8% were mild, 11.4% were moderate, and 1.2% were severely anemic. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection, wasting, and overweight was 34.6%, 26.2%, and 8.1%, respectively. Having no formal education [AOR=2.25, CI (1.02, 4.97)], using three to five sanitary pads per day during menses [AOR=1.66 CI (1.02, 2.68)], history of chewing khat [AOR= 4.45, CI (1.18, 16.83)], being from households with mild food insecurity [AOR=3.41, CI (1.10, 10.58)], and intestinal parasitic infection [AOR=2.28, CI (1.39, 3.47)] were factors independently associated with anemia.ConclusionThe magnitude of anemia, malnutrition, and intestinal parasitic infection among nonpregnant reproductive-age women was found to be a considerable public health problem. Therefore, attention should be given to nonpregnant reproductive-age women visiting different healthcare services to reduce risks of anemia and malnutrition for possible future pregnancies and to ensure women’s health. Deworming of nonpregnant reproductive-age women is also very crucial to reduce the risks of anemia.
Prolonged Active Prone Positioning in Spontaneously Breathing Non-intubated Patients With COVID-19-Associated Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure With PaO2/FiO2 >150
Authors: Pierucci Paola , Ambrosino Nicolino , Di Lecce Valentina , Dimitri Michela , Battaglia Stefano , Boniello Esterina , Portacci Andrea , Resta Onofrio , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana 
Published: July 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to new approaches to manage patients outside the ICU, including prone positioning in non-intubated patients.Objectives: To report the use of prolonged active prone positioning in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure. Spontaneously breathing vs non-invasive respiratory support for COVID19 associated acute respiratory failure.Methods: Patients with PaO2/FiO2 &gt; 150, with lung posterior consolidations as assessed by means of lung ultrasound, and chest x-ray were studied. Under continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2) monitoring, patients maintained active prone position. A PaO2/FiO2 &lt; 150 was considered as treatment failure and patients had to be switched to non-invasive respiratory support. Retrospectively, data of 16 patients undergoing who refused proning and underwent non-invasive respiratory support were used as controls. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients maintaining prolonged prone position and discharged home. Secondary outcomes included improvement in oxygenation, hospital length of stay, and 6-month survival.Results: Three out of 16 (18.7%) patients did not tolerate the procedure. Three more patients showed a worsening in PaO2/FiO2 to &lt;150 and required non-invasive support, two of whom finally needing endotracheal intubation. After 72 h, 10 out of 16 (62.5%) patients improved oxygenation [PaO2/FiO2: from 194.6 (42.1) to 304.7 (79.3.2) (p &lt; 0.001)] and were discharged home. In the control group, three out of 16 failed, required invasive ventilatory support, and died within 1 month in ICU. Thirteen were successful and discharged home.Conclusion: In non-intubated spontaneously breathing COVID-19 patients with PaO2/FiO2 &gt;150, active prolonged prone positioning was feasible and tolerated with significant improvement in oxygenation.
Robot-Assisted Therapy and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Motor Recovery in Stroke: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Terranova Thais Tavares , Simis Marcel , Santos Artur César Aquino , Alfieri Fábio Marcon , Imamura Marta , Fregni Felipe , Battistella Linamara Rizzo 
Published: July 2021

Background:Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability, and up to 80% of stroke survivors undergo upper extremity motor dysfunction. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and Robot-Assisted Therapy (RT) are used for upper limb stroke rehabilitation. Although CIMT and RT are different techniques, both are beneficial; however, their results must be compared. The objective is to establish the difference between RT and CIMT after a rehabilitation program for chronic stroke patients.Method:This is a randomized clinical trial, registered atClinicalTrials.gov(ID number NCT02700061), in which patients with stroke received sessions of RT or CIMT protocol, combined with a conventional rehabilitation program for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was measured by Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment—Upper Limb (FMA-UL). Activities of daily living were also assessed.Results:Fifty one patients with mild to moderate upper limb impairment were enrolled in this trial, 25 women and 26 men, mean age of 60,02 years old (SD 14,48), with 6 to 36 months after stroke onset. Function significantly improved regardless of the treatment group. However, no statistical difference was found between both groups asp-values of the median change of function measured by WMFT and FMA were 0.293 and 0.187, respectively.Conclusion:This study showed that Robotic Therapy (RT) was not different from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) regardless of the analyzed variables. There was an overall upper limb function, motor recovery, functionality, and activities of daily living improvement regardless of the interventions. At last, the combination of both techniques should be considered in future studies.
Plasma Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and S100B in Relation to Antidepressant Response to Ketamine
Authors: Jiang Haitang , Veldman Emma R. , Tiger Mikael , Ekman Carl-Johan , Lundberg Johan , Svenningsson Per 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEvidence demonstrates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and they are proposed as predictors of antidepressant response. Ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects in MDD and pre-clinical studies suggest the necessity of increased BDNF levels for the antidepressant action of ketamine. However, studies observing the change of blood BDNF levels after ketamine intervention are inconsistent and studies about the role of plasma S100B in ketamine administration in MDD patients are lacking.MethodWe evaluated mature BDNF (mBDNF), S100B levels in plasma and their associations with depression severity in 30 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant MDD patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of ketamine compared (n= 20) to a placebo (n= 10) control (saline). Severity of depression was assessed using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsPlasma mBDNF and S100B were not significantly changed after 1–2 days of single ketamine compared to placebo. Plasma mBDNF and S100B levels did not significantly differ in responders compared to non-responders of ketamine treatment. The change of plasma mBDNF levels was positively correlated with the improvement of MADRS score after 1–2 weeks of open-label ketamine treatment (rho = 0.495,p= 0.031), though this change did not survive correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionThese findings do not support the hypothesis that ketamine treatment increases BDNF plasma levels in MDD patients. No effect of ketamine treatment on S100B plasma levels was seen.
Climate Trends and Consumption of Foods and Beverages by Processing Level in Mexican Cities
Authors: López-Olmedo Nancy , Diez-Roux Ana V. , Pérez-Ferrer Carolina , Prado-Galbarro Francisco-Javier , Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh 
Published: July 2021

Background: Little is known about the potential impact of climate change on food systems and diet. We aimed to estimate the association of changes in rainfall and temperatures with consumption of unprocessed and processed foods among residents of Mexican cities by climate region.Methods: We analyzed 3,312 participants of the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey with dietary intake and sociodemographic information linked to historical rainfall and temperature data collected by the Mexican National Weather Service. We classified foods as unprocessed, processed, or ultra-processed. We performed multilevel linear regression to estimate the association of annual change in rainfalls (for each 0.5 mm decrease) and temperatures (for each 0.1°C increase) at municipality level over the past 5 years with consumption of processed and unprocessed foods measured as the contribution to total energy intake. We investigated whether associations differed by climate region (tropical, temperate, and arid).Results: Each 0.5 mm annual decrease in precipitation was associated with lower consumption of unprocessed foods and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods [mean differences in percent contribution to total energy intake −0.009% (95% CI: −0.019, &lt; −0.001) and 0.011% (95% CI: 0.001, 0.021), respectively]. Each 0.1 degree Celsius annual increase in temperature was also associated with lower consumption of unprocessed and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods [mean differences in percent contribution to total energy intake was −0.03 (95% CI: −0.05, −0.01) and 0.03% (95% CI: &lt;0.01, 0.05)]. When stratified by climate region these associations were only observed in tropical regions.Conclusions: Decreases in rainfalls and increases in temperature were associated with lower consumption of unprocessed foods but higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially in tropical regions. Previous studies have established how food production affects the climate, our study suggests that climate change could, in turn, reinforce modern food production, closing a vicious circle with clear negative implications for planetary health.
Combination Treatment of CI-994 With Etoposide Potentiates Anticancer Effects Through a Topoisomerase II-Dependent Mechanism in Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT)
Authors: Kim Hee Yeon , Choi Seung Ah , Koh Eun Jung , Kim Kyung Hyun , Phi Ji Hoon , Lee Ji Yeoun , Kim Seung-Ki 
Published: July 2021

PurposeAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is arising typically in young children and is associated with a dismal prognosis which there is currently no curative chemotherapeutic regimen. Based on previous studies showing high histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in AT/RT, the HDAC1 inhibitor CI-994 was used as a novel treatment strategy in this study. We assessed the anticancer effects of CI-994 and conventional drugs (etoposide, cisplatin or 4-HC) in AT/RT cells.MethodsAT/RT patient-derived primary cultured cells and cell lines were prepared. HDAC1 was estimated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The interaction of the drugs was analyzed using isobologram analysis. Cell viability, apoptosis, HDAC enzyme activity and western blot assays were carried out.ResultsHDAC1 was overexpressed in AT/RT compared to medulloblastoma. The combination index (CI) of CI-994 with etoposide revealed a synergistic effect in all AT/RT cells, but no synergistic effect was observed between CI-994 and cisplatin or 4-HC. CI-994 effectively reduced not only Class I HDAC gene expression but also HDAC enzyme activity. The combination treatment of CI-994 with etoposide significantly increased apoptosis compared to the single treatment. The enhanced effect of apoptosis by this combination treatment is related to a signaling pathway which decreases topoisomerase (Topo) II and increases histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3).ConclusionWe demonstrate that the combination treatment of CI-994 with etoposide exerts a synergistic anticancer effect against AT/RT by significantly inducing apoptosis through Topo II and Ac-H3 regulation.Clinical RelevanceThis combination treatment might be considered a viable therapeutic strategy for AT/RT patients.