bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Frequent Bouts of Light-Intensity Standing Exercises on Blood Pressure in Stroke Survivors: A Dose Escalation Trial
Authors: Mackie Paul , Crowfoot Gary , Janssen Heidi , Holliday Elizabeth , Dunstan David , English Coralie 
Published: June 2021

Background: Interrupting prolonged sitting acutely lowers blood pressure in nonstroke populations. However, the dose–response effect in stroke survivors is unknown. The authors investigated different doses of light-intensity standing exercises that interrupt prolonged sitting and reduce blood pressure immediately and over 24 hours in stroke survivors. Methods: Within-participant, laboratory-based, dose escalation trial. Conditions (8 h) were prolonged sitting and 2 experimental conditions of standing exercises with increasing frequency (3 cohorts, 2 × 5 min to 6 × 5 min). The primary outcome is the mean systolic blood pressure. Results: Twenty-nine stroke survivors (aged 66 [12] y) participated. Frequent bouts of standing exercises lowered the mean systolic blood pressure following the 4 × 5-minute (−2.1 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.6 to −0.6) and 6 × 5-minute conditions (−2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.2 to −0.5) compared with prolonged sitting. Diastolic blood pressure was lowered following the 6 × 5-minute condition (−1.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.7 to −0.2). The 24-hour systolic blood pressure increased following the 2 × 5-minute condition (6.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 3.1 to 10.6). Conclusions: Interrupting prolonged sitting with more frequent bouts of standing exercises lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure in stroke survivors. However, reductions may only be short term, and investigations on sustained effects are warranted.
Thermodynamic Functions of Terbium Hafnate
Authors: Guskov A. V. , Gagarin P. G. , Guskov V. N. , Tyurin A. V. , Khoroshilov A. V. , Gavrichev K. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The molar heat capacity of terbium hafnate with a pyrochlore structure was measured by relaxation and adiabatic calorimetry. The smoothed values of the molar heat capacity were used to calculate the thermodynamic functions in the temperature range 6–330 K. The general form of the Schottky anomaly was determined.
Synthesis of PdNi Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Their Composites in Reverse Micelles
Authors: Sergeev M. O. , Revina A. A. , Suvorova O. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, results of the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) based on transition metals Pd, Ni, and Fe reduced by quercetin in reverse-micellar solution (RMS) of Н2О/AOT/isooctane are presented. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, the formation of bimetallic structure of PdcoreNishell NP is shown and a synergetic enhancement of optical absorbance is revealed in the plasmon resonance spectra at the wavelength values intrinsic for monometallic NPs. Investigation of the adsorption of bimetallic NPs on the surface of γ-alumina proves the advantage of palladium-containing particles with Fecore/Pdshell obtained as a result of targeted reduction of palladium in RMS on the surface of large Fe NPs, which appears in the increase in the adsorption effectiveness of such a structure due to stronger binding with the carrier surface. This approach decreases the amount of expensive metal during production of palladium nanocomposites through a significant decrease in production costs.
Idylla MSI test as a new tool for microsatellite instability detection in sebaceous tumours and keratoacanthomas
Authors: Favre Loëtitia , Chen Ruiqian , Bellahsen-Harrar Yaëlle , Ortonne Nicolas , Pujals Anaïs 
Published: June 2021

AimSebaceous tumours and keratoacanthomas can be associated with mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and thus microsatellite instability (MSI). In such tumours, MSI phenotype could be an argument to search for an underlying Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). MTS has been recognised as a variant of Lynch syndrome, characterised by a deficiency of the MMR proteins. In Lynch syndrome, the sensitivity and specificity of the techniques used to detect MSI is well described, which is not the case for skin tumours. In our hands, immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific method to detect MMR deficiency in those tumours. Contrasting with tumours of Lynch spectrum, sensitivity and specificity of molecular methods has not been extensively studied. This study aimed at evaluating two molecular methods to detect MSI phenotype in MTS associated tumours: a commonly used pentaplex PCR using Bethesda markers and the fully automated method using the Idylla MSI assay.MethodsA comparison between PCR, and Idylla was performed on 39 DNA extracted from cutaneous tumours. Immunohistochemistry was used as the gold standard to calculate sensitivity and specificity of both molecular techniques.ResultsConcordant results were found in 32 cases (82%) with pentaplex PCR and in 36 cases (92%) with Idylla. The sensitivity of pentaplex PCR to detect MSI phenotype was 76% whereas Idylla sensitivity was 90%.ConclusionIdylla is more performant than PCR, for the detection of MSI in MTS-associated tumours and is a reliable additional technique to help detecting MTS in these tumours.
Pilot Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced, Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Ferrarotto Renata , Amit Moran , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Rubin M. Laura , Yuan Ying , Bell Diana , El-Naggar Adel K. , Johnson Jason M. , Morrison William H. , Rosenthal David I. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Johnson Faye M. , Lu Charles , Mott Frank E. , Esmaeli Bita , Diaz Eduardo M. , Gidley Paul W. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Lewis Carol M. , Weber Randal S. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Basu Sreyashi , Duan Fei , Yadav Shalini S. , Sharma Padmanee , Allison James P. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Gross Neil D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
In locoregionally advanced, resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC-HN), surgery followed by radiotherapy is standard but can be cosmetically and functionally devastating, and many patients will have recurrence.

Patients and Methods:
Newly diagnosed or recurrent stage III–IVA CSCC-HN patients amenable to curative-intent surgery received two cycles of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibition. The primary endpoint was ORR per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included pathologic response [pathologic complete response (pCR) or major pathologic response (MPR; ≤10% viable tumor)], safety, DSS, DFS, and OS. Exploratory endpoints included immune biomarkers of response.

Results:
Of 20 patients enrolled, 7 had recurrent disease. While only 6 patients [30%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.9–54.3] had partial responses by RECIST, 14 patients (70%; 95% CI, 45.7–88.1) had a pCR (n = 11) or MPR (n = 3). No SAEs ocurred during or after the neoadjuvant treatment. At a median follow-up of 22.6 months (95% CI, 21.7–26.1), one patient progressed and died, one died without disease, and two developed recurrence. The 12-month DSS, DFS, and OS rates were 95% (95% CI, 85.9–100), 89.5% (95% CI, 76.7–100), and 95% (95% CI, 85.9–100), respectively. Gene expression studies revealed an inflamed tumor microenvironment in patients with pCR or MPR, and CyTOF analyses demonstrated a memory CD8+ T-cell cluster enriched in patients with pCR.

Conclusions:
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locoregionally advanced, resectable CSCC-HN is safe and induces a high pathologic response rate. Pathologic responses were associated with an inflamed tumor microenvironment.
From Structure to Atoms: From Compression/Tension Systems to a Molecular Tensegrity
Authors: Van Horn J. David , Wang Dayu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors reconsider macroscopic structures, including tensegrity structures, as ensembles of compression and tension forces and fit these structures to a triangular spectrum. They then present a derivative structural analogy to the three classes of molecular bonding as a bridge to microscopic structure. The construction of tensegrity sculptures of particle interactions and covalent molecules using tension and compression components follows. The authors derive and utilize two properties in this analysis: (1) a “simplest tensegrity” subunit structure and (2) interpenetrating, discontinuous compressive components—the tension components may also be discontinuous in a structure. This approach provides new artistic models for molecules and materials and may inform future artistic, architectural, engineering and scientific endeavors.
Prosaic Diction: Finding Patterns in the Words of Spenser’s View
Authors: Berry Craig A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Scholars have long noted the eccentric vocabulary of Spenser’s A View of the Present State of Ireland, primarily with an eye toward glossing words unfamiliar outside of a contemporary Irish context. This essay steps back from consideration of individual words to ponder what can be learned from word frequencies, primarily focusing on what the tools of corpus linguistics can tell us about the View and especially the View in relation to Spenser’s poetry. What words are most common in the View? What words in the View are most likely (or least likely) to occur in Spenser’s poetry? Is the vocabulary of Eudoxus similar to or notably different from the vocabulary of Irenius? What parts of Spenser’s poetic corpus have the greatest (or least) affinity, vocabulary-wise, with the View? This essay answers those questions and argues that linguistic analysis must go hand-in-hand with traditional close reading in order to draw conclusions from those answers.
Plantation, Contagion, and Containment in Spenser and Bryskett
Authors: Zurcher Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Early modern Ireland was notoriously, or reputedly, a place of disease: the plague, the ague, the country fever, the looseness, the bloody flux, and an assortment of coughs, chills, sweats, and other illnesses—Ireland’s endemii morbi or “reigning diseases”—regularly figure in surviving letters and historical accounts from the period. This essay explores not only the reports of disease issuing from Ireland at this time, but the way in which the experience and rhetoric of contagion help to shape ideas about space, security, and civility in the colonial theory of the period. In Spenser’s View of the present state of Ireland (c. 1596) and Bryskett’s A Discourse of Ciuill Life (1606), illness and its metaphors seem to correlate with, and perhaps to occasion, complex responses to the alleged disorder and promiscuity of the Irish—energies evident, too, in the military and political strategies of deputies Sir Henry Sidney, Arthur Lord Grey, and Sir Arthur Chichester. This essay sees Spenser’s View and Bryskett’s Discourse as polemical attempts – at key moments before the planting of Munster and Ulster – to push New English colonial policy away from the morbid failures of Pale government and violent military suppression toward the corpus sanum of plantation.
Improving the Freedom of Repairing Telecommunication Submarine Cables in Southeast Asia
Authors: Vu Hai Dang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In October 2019, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean) Telecommuni cation and Information Technology Ministers adopted the asean Guidelines for Strengthening Resilience and Repair of Submarine Cables. This is the first instrument relating specifically to telecommunication submarine cables under asean. This represents an important increase of awareness by asean about a swift process for submarine cables repairing. However, the Guidelines recognise that coastal States can grant permits over the repair of submarine cables in waters where they have sovereign rights and jurisdiction, an approach also adopted by many asean Member States. This article argues for an improvement of the freedom of repairing submarine cables in the region in order to expedite the repair of submarine cables in Southeast Asia. It does so by identifying what can be improved in the process of granting permits for repairing submarine cables in asean Member States and suggesting next steps to be taken by asean.
On Employment, Wage and Consumption: Impact of Nationwide Lockdown on Muslim Casual Workers
Authors: Mansoor Kashif , Khan Faraz 
Published: June 2021

The effects of nationwide lockdown were disproportionate on informal workers. Based on a primary household survey conducted among Muslim casual labour working in Aligarh lock industries, we add to studies on the socio-economic impact of the lockdown. We find 44% reduction in employment rate and fall in daily wage for 60% of workers, in the post-lockdown period. A net job loss of 20% was found. The incidence of violation with the minimum wages is severe in the lock industries, and this has increased tremendously as high as 90% for some workers, in the post-lockdown. Muslim women were affected more than men, in terms of unemployment and wages. With little to no savings, the income loss during the lockdown has led to a rise in indebtedness with one-third of households incurring debt Rs. 5,000–10,000. More than 90% of them were found unable to pay rent and electricity bills. Protecting livelihoods and dignity of workers is a constitutional duty of the state. This has become even more demanding now. JEL Codes: E21, E24, E26
Endometrial cancer: the role of MRI quantitative assessment in preoperative staging and risk stratification
Authors: Keles Duygu Koc , Evrimler Sehnaz , Merd Neslihan , Erdemoglu Evrim 
Published: June 2021

Background New methods to reduce subjectivity in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging of endometrial cancer are needed. Purpose To investigate the role of MRI quantitative assessment in staging and risk stratification of endometrial cancer. Material and Methods Preoperative T2-weighted (T2W) images and diffusion-weighted imaging of 42 patients were analyzed retrospectively by two radiologists. Tumor area ratio (TAR) and tumor volume ratio (TVRseg) were calculated by semi-automatic segmentation of the tumor and uterus on T2W imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). TVR was also calculated by the 3D metric method (TVRmetric). Mean ADCtumor was calculated. The patients were allocated to risk groups regarding the stage, grade, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status. Results TAR, TVRmetric, T2W TVRseg, and ADC TVRseg showed a significant difference between the superficial and deep myometrial invasion groups ( P < 0.001). All of these parameters showed a good diagnostic performance for detecting deep myometrial invasion (AUC>0.82), the highest accuracy rate (85%) was found with T2W TVRseg. LVI was significantly associated with TAR ( P = 0.002) and T2W TVRseg ( P = 0.014), while the cervical invasion was associated with TAR ( P = 0.03). ADCtumor was significantly lower in high-grade tumors ( P = 0.002). There was a significant difference in ADCtumor ( P = 0.002), TAR ( P = 0.004), and T2W TVRseg ( P = 0.038) between the low- and high-risk groups. AUC of TAR and T2W TVRseg for detecting high-risk groups were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively, while AUC of ADCtumor for the low-risk group was 0.75. Conclusion MRI quantitative assessments such as TAR, TVR, and ADCtumor may improve the accuracy of preoperative staging and can help in risk stratification of endometrial cancer.
High-dose diquat poisoning: a case report
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Zhang Renjing , Meng Mei , Chen Dechang , Deng Yunxin 
Published: June 2021

Diquat is a widely used herbicide that is substituted for paraquat. With paraquat off the market, cases of diquat poisoning have been gradually increasing. The kidney is the most frequently impaired organ in diquat poisoning. Few cases of multiple organ failure caused by diquat have been reported. We herein describe a 30-year-old man who orally ingested about 160 mL of enriched diquat. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient’s condition progressed to multiple organ failure and death. The pulmonary lesions in this patient were different from those previously reported. This patient did not die of renal failure but of severe respiratory failure. He exhibited three different stages of pulmonary disease. The lung lesions in this case were unique. We hope that doctors will pay more attention to the lung lesions in patients with diquat poisoning in future and find new treatment methods to save the lives of such patients.
Behavioral Economics in the First-Year Experience
Authors: Lesser Mary H. 
Published: June 2021

Many colleges and universities have put in place some form of freshman or first-year experience. This article suggests the use of a course in behavioral economics when the first-year experience has an academic basis and demonstrates how such a course can assist in the achievement of acculturation goals as well as help diagnose areas of strength and weakness in academic preparedness. JEL Classifications: A20, A22, D90, D91
Clinical Significance of Kinetics of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Its Prognostic Value in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhou Ting , Luo Fan , Yang Yunpeng , Zhao Shen , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li , Zhao Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic alteration of serum lipids in limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients and the risk that different lipid profiles poses to patients’ health. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the variation trends and prognostic values of serum lipids in 310 LS-SCLC patients who had received standard chemotherapy between 2002 and 2017. In addition to serum lipid level, which were measured at the time of pretreatment, after-chemotherapy and during disease progression and later analyzed, the dynamic lipid alteration trend and its correlation to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also statistically analyzed using Log-rank test and COX regression analyses. Results: A significant decrease in HDL-C level was observed after standard chemotherapy (Post-CT baseline = −0.08 ± 0.34, P < 0.001), and this trend of reduction was further enhanced by thoracic radiotherapy ( P = 0.046). Increase in LDL-C level was also observed to be associated with higher likelihood of disease progression ( P = 0.003). Moreover, the extent of the increase in LDL-C was also associated with the number of progression sites, as patients with higher increase in LDL-C in exhibiting a progression at more than 2 sites outside thorax ( P = 0.037). The patients’ median PFS and OS were 14.04 months (95%CI: 25.12-33.81) and 22.40 months (95%CI: 33.19-42.13), respectively. For both PFS and OS, LDL-C elevation remained an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate model ( P = 0.007 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, for LS-SCLC patients, standard chemotherapy decreases the level of HDL-C, the level of increase in LDL-C could predict disease progression and even the number of progression sites, and LDL-C elevation could be an independent prognostic factor for poor OS and PFS.
Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risk Factors, Autoantibodies, and the Effect of Antirheumatic Therapies
Authors: Fazeli Mir Sohail , Khaychuk Vadim , Wittstock Keith , Breznen Boris , Crocket Grace , Pourrahmat Mir-Masoud , Ferri Leticia 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To scope the current published evidence on cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) focusing on the role of autoantibodies and the effect of antirheumatic agents. Methods: Two reviews were conducted in parallel: A targeted literature review (TLR) describing the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA patients; and a systematic literature review (SLR) identifying and characterizing the association between autoantibody status and CVD risk in RA. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was carried out. Results: A total of 69 publications (49 in the TLR and 20 in the SLR) were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis. The most prevalent topic related to CVD risks in RA was inflammation as a shared mechanism behind both RA morbidity and atherosclerotic processes. Published evidence indicated that most of RA patients already had significant CV pathologies at the time of diagnosis, suggesting subclinical CVD may be developing before patients become symptomatic. Four types of autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, anti-phospholipid autoantibodies, anti-lipoprotein autoantibodies) showed increased risk of specific cardiovascular events, such as higher risk of cardiovascular death in rheumatoid factor positive patients and higher risk of thrombosis in anti-phospholipid autoantibody positive patients. Conclusion: Autoantibodies appear to increase CVD risk; however, the magnitude of the increase and the types of CVD outcomes affected are still unclear. Prospective studies with larger populations are required to further understand and quantify the association, including the causal pathway, between specific risk factors and CVD outcomes in RA patients.
Physcraper: a Python package for continually updated phylogenetic trees using the Open Tree of Life
Authors: Sánchez-Reyes Luna L. , Kandziora Martha , McTavish Emily Jane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Phylogenies are a key part of research in many areas of biology. Tools that automate some parts of the process of phylogenetic reconstruction, mainly molecular character matrix assembly, have been developed for the advantage of both specialists in the field of phylogenetics and non-specialists. However, interpretation of results, comparison with previously available phylogenetic hypotheses, and selection of one phylogeny for downstream analyses and discussion still impose difficulties to one that is not a specialist either on phylogenetic methods or on a particular group of study.

Results
Physcraper is a command-line Python program that automates the update of published phylogenies by adding public DNA sequences to underlying alignments of previously published phylogenies. It also provides a framework for straightforward comparison of published phylogenies with their updated versions, by leveraging upon tools from the Open Tree of Life project to link taxonomic information across databases. The program can be used by the nonspecialist, as a tool to generate phylogenetic hypotheses based on publicly available expert phylogenetic knowledge. Phylogeneticists and taxonomic group specialists will find it useful as a tool to facilitate molecular dataset gathering and comparison of alternative phylogenetic hypotheses (topologies).

Conclusion
The Physcraper workflow showcases the benefits of doing open science for phylogenetics, encouraging researchers to strive for better scientific sharing practices. Physcraper can be used with any OS and is released under an open-source license. Detailed instructions for installation and usage are available at https://physcraper.readthedocs.io.