bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early treatment with inhaled GM-CSF improves oxygenation and anti-viral immunity in COVID-19 induced lung injury – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bosteels Cedric , Damme Karel Van , De Leeuw Elisabeth , Declercq Jozefien , Maes Bastiaan , Bosteels Victor , Hoste Levi , Naesens Leslie , Debeuf Nincy , Deckers Julie , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Weygaerde Yannick Vande , Malfait Thomas , Vandecasteele Stefaan , Demedts Ingel , Slabbynck Hans , Allard Sabine , Depuydt Pieter , Braeckel Eva Van , De Clercq Jozefien , Martens Liesbet , Dupont Sam , Seurinck Ruth , Vandamme Niels , Haerynck Filomeen , Roychowdhury Debasish , Vandekerckhove Linos , Guilliams Martin , Tavernier Simon , Lambrecht Bart 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) instructs monocytes to differentiate into alveolar macrophages (AM) that preserve lung homeostasis. By comparing AM development in mouse and human, we discovered that COVID-19 patients showed marked defects in GM-CSF-dependent AM instruction. The multi-center, open-label, randomized, controlled SARPAC-trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of 5 days of inhalation of rhu-GM-CSF (sargramostim, Leukine®) in 81 non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemic respiratory failure identified by PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 350mmHg. At day 6, more patients in the sargramostim group experienced at least 25% improvement in oxygenation compared with the standard of care group. Higher numbers of circulating class-switched B cells and effector virus-specific CD8 lymphocytes were found in the sargramostim group. Treatment adverse events, including signs of cytokine storm, were not different between active and control group. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of inhaled GM-CSF in restoring alveolar gas exchange, while simultaneously boosting anti-COVID-19 immunity. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04326920).
A High-precision Forest Fire Smoke Detection Approach Based on DRGNet to Remote Sensing Through Uavs
Authors: Zhan Jialei , Hu Yaowen , Zhou Guoxiong , Wang Yanfeng , Cai Weiwei , Li Liujun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of forest fires can lead to ecological damage, property loss, and human casualties. Current forest fire smoke detection methods do not sufficiently consider the characteristics of smoke with high transparency and no clear edges and have low detection accuracy, which cannot meet the needs of complex aerial forest fire smoke detection tasks. In this paper, we propose Dual-ResNet50-vd with SoftPool based on a recursive feature pyramid with deconvolution and dilated convolution and global optimal nonmaximum suppression (DRGNet) for high-accuracy detection of forest fire smoke. First, the Dual-ResNet50-vd module is proposed to enhance the extraction of smoke features with high transparency and no clear edges, and SoftPool is used to retain more feature information of smoke. Then, a recursive feature pyramid with deconvolution and dilated convolution (RDDFPN) is proposed to fuse shallow visual features and deep semantic information in the channel dimension to improve the accuracy of long-range aerial smoke detection. Finally, global optimal nonmaximum suppression (GO-NMS) sets the objective function to globally optimize the selection of anchor frames to adapt to the aerial photography of multiple smoke locations in forest fire scenes. The experimental results show that the DRGNet parametric number on the UAV-IoT platform is as low as 53.48 M, mAP reaches 79.03%, mAP50 reaches 90.26%, mAP75 reaches 82.35%, FPS reaches 122.5, and GFLOPs reaches 55.78. Compared with other mainstream methods, it has the advantages of real-time detection and high accuracy.
Human Capital Impacts of Income Inequality: An Extensive Empirical Analysis From The African Continent
Authors: Sengupta Swapnanil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper evaluates the impacts of income inequality on life expectancy in the African countries. The empirical analysis has been performed on a panel dataset of 52 African nations covering the period of 1995-2018. For estimating the relationship, I have employed Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) technique and a Panel Error Correction Model (PECM). The long-run cointegrating relationship was estimated using a Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (PDOLS) estimator. The outputs of both static and dynamic estimation models suggest that income inequality has negatively affected life expectancy at birth in the African continent overall. Though a positive short-run causal relationship was established, in the long-run, income inequality had deleterious effects. A series of steps had been followed to check the soundness of the result of the main empirical examination and it was confirmed that the results are robust.
Effect of interfacial friction on wear behavior and microstructure during extrusion of Pure Nickel N6
Authors: Jia Zhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper combines field extrusion and finite element simulation to study the influence of the friction state on the extrusion deformation of pure nickel. The use of lubricant reduces the shearing force of the billet-die interface, resulting in lower heat generation at the interface, greater forming stress and strain, and reduced uneven deformation of the billet. As a result, the surface quality of the workpiece is relatively good, but uneven lubrication is the main cause of tearing damage on the surface of the billet. The grain morphology, grain boundary distribution, and geometrically necessary dislocations distribution on the surface of the lubricating extruded bar are uniform, the microtexture strength is weak, and the Schmidt factor is large.
Association of circulating oxidized LDL-C/LDL-C ratio with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feng Bo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. But there are still no simpler and more effective biomarkers which can predict the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a novel CVD biomarker that also increase in diabetic patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate the associations of circulating oxLDL/LDL-C ratio with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), interleukin 33 (IL33) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods

152 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in our study. Plasma levels in oxLDL, FGF21, IL33 and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA. oxLDL/LDL-C ratio was calculated. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) was performed in all patients. Patients were allocated into four groups according to CCTA findings and Gensini score: normal, mild, moderate and severe coronary atherosclerosis group. Association between the oxLDL/LDL-C ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated using logistic regression models and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Results

Correlation analysis showed that oxLDL/LDL-C ratio was positively associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). After adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, the positive correlation between severity of coronary atherosclerosis and oxLDL/LDL-C ratio still existed (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31- 3.14, p < 0.01). OxLDL/LDL-C ratio in severe group was significantly higher than which in the other three groups respectively (p< 0.001). The cut-off value of oxLDL/LDL-C ratio in predicting severe coronary atherosclerosis was more than 0.091 with specificity of 66.5% and sensitivity of 75%. Only IL33 correlated positively with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio (r = 0.274, p<0.01). However, VCAM-1 had a similar trend with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio in these four groups.
Conclusions

OxLDL/LDL-C ratio is considered as a potential biomarker in diabetic patients for early recognition and intervention of severe coronary atherosclerosis, and will be more effective if tested IL33 and VCAM-1 at the same time.
Regional disparities in information-seeking response to the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Xiao Hong , Lin Leesa , Tang Kun , Unger Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 virus and the subsequent official announcement of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 alarmed the public and initiated the uptake of preventive measures. We conducted interrupted time-series analyses using Baidu Search Index from Jan 1, 2017 to Mar 15, 2021 to investigate how information seeking changed over time and how changes in information seeking varied across regions in China. Our findings show that changes in the patterns of search interest in COVID-19 in each province of China occurred in a synchronous fashion during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent local outbreaks, irrespective of the location and severity of each outbreak. However, inequalities in the magnitude of public response to and awareness of COVID-19 were evident, with lower-levels of information seeking regarding COVID-19 in less developed areas compared with developed areas.
A Novel Interaction-based Methodology Towards Explainable AI with Better Understanding of Pneumonia Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Lo Shaw-Hwa , Yin Yiqiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the field of eXplainable AI (XAI), robust “black-box” algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are known for making high prediction performance. However, the ability to explain and interpret these algorithms still require innovation in the understanding of influential and, more importantly, ex-plainable features that directly or indirectly impact the performance of predictivity. A number of methods existing in literature focus on visualization techniques but the concepts of explainability and interpretability still require rigorous definition. In view of the above needs, this paper proposes an interaction-based methodology – Influence Score (I-score) – to screen out the noisy and non-informative variables in the images hence it nourishes an environment with explainable and interpretable features that are directly associated to feature predictiv-ity. We apply the proposed method on a real world application in Pneumonia Chest X-ray Image data set and produced state-of-the-art results. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed approach for more general big data problems by improving the explainability and in-terpretability without sacrificing the prediction performance. The contribution of this paper opens a novel angle that moves the community closer to the future pipelines of XAI problems.
Soil carbon and nitrogen regulation using organic and inorganic fertilizers for leaf physiological activity, grain yield and nutritional quality improvements in rice
Authors: Iqbal Anas , He Liang , Yuan Pengli , Ali Izhar , Khan Ahmad , Zhao Quan , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ahmad Shakeel , Muhammad Ihsan , Adnan Muhammad , Ullah Saif , Wei Shangqin , Cheng Fengwei , Jiang Ligeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Organic fertilizers are widely used in agriculture production and change the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, thus improving crop production. The increased amount of soil C and N exhibit a greater potential to improve the leaf physiological activity, yields and grain quality of rice by improving soil fertility indices. To understand the relationship between soil C and N contents with leaf physiological activity and grain quality; organic fertilizers (i.e., cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM)) coupled with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied at the different proportion. The recommended rate of N 150 (kg ha−1) was provided from manure and CF using six treatments, i.e., T1— CF0; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70%CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF, and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), SPAD values, grain yield and grain quality attributes were significantly increased with combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application. Averaged over the years, T6 treatment significantly improved SOC, TN, Pn, starch content (SC), amylose content (AC), and grain yield by 16%, 12%, 9%, 7%, 12%, and 24%, respectively, compared to CF-only. However, no significant differences among T4 and T6 were observed for studied parameters. In addition, the linear regression exhibited that SOC (R2= 0.70** & R2=0.50*) and TN (R2= 0.62* & R2=0.58*) were positively correlated with grain SC and AC, respectively. Likewise, Pn (R2= 0.51* & R2=0.62*) were also positively associated with SC and AC, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that improving SOC and TN played a key role in enhancing leaf physiological activity and grain nutritional quality. Thus, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers at a 30:70 ratio is a promising option for the improvement of soil fertility and grain yield of rice as well as grain nutritional traits.
Cosmic Gas Thermodynamics at z = 1089
Authors: Johnson Martin Reid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Universe at z = 1089 is treated as an expanding ideal gas. Its internal kinetic energy loss exceeds the amount absorbed by gravity and drives further expansion. A Hubble relation (Hg) is derived and compared to the value found by the ΛCDM model (HΛ) over the range z = 1089 to 0. The results suggest that the adiabatic release of energy from cosmic gas accounts for about half of present-day Universal expansion.
¡BASTA DE HISTORIAS! LA OBSESIÓN LATINOAMERICANA CON EL PASADO
Authors: Hefferan Romero Lucía , Sánchez Álvarez Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Andrés Oppenheimer nació en Buenos Aires, Argentina, estudió en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, continuó sus estudios en Macalester College, de St. Paul, Minnesota y obtuvo la maestría en periodismo por la Universidad de Columbia, en Nueva York, en 1978.
Periodista argentino, editor y columnista de The Miami Herald, conductor del programa televisivo «Oppenheimer Presenta», autor de los best-sellers ¡Basta de Historias!,Cuentos Chinos, y otros cuatro libros sobre política y economía internacional. Fue co-ganador del premio Pulitzer, en 1987.
Oppenheimer fue seleccionado por el Forbes Media Guide como uno de los «500 periodistas más importantes» de Estados Unidos y por la revista Podercomo una de las 100 figuras «más poderosas» en América Latina. El periódico francés Le Monde señaló, en 2003, que Oppenheimer «ocupa un lugar único en la prensa de las Américas», ya que sus trabajos periodísticos «fijan la agenda del debate político inter-americano».
EL EXAMEN PÚBLICO O LA CEREMONIA DEL PODER DISCIPLINARIO
Authors: Villalpando Hernández Irma 
Published: October 2021

La práctica de exámenes públicos en sistemas escolarizados se encuentra documentada en varios países de Europa y México desde hace casi dos siglos. El ensayo se pregunta por esta práctica educativa que exige al sujeto dar cuenta pública de su saber y, con ello, obtener un ascenso de grado o un título académico.
Es posible entender la práctica escolar de presentar exámenes públicos como un legado de los sistemas monárquicos, poder político con facultad soberana que a través de fastuosas ceremonias públicas, se arroga la facultad de asignar títulos o condecoraciones a los sujetos. Sin embargo, la vigencia del examen público actual no se sostiene únicamente por la herencia o legado de dichas prácticas, más bien, su vigencia se actualiza a través del poder de las disciplinas en tanto saberes que construyen sistemas de verdad a los que deben someterse los sujetos. Desde el pensamiento del filósofo francés Michel Foucault, el poder disciplinario se manifiesta a través de la visibilidad y docilidad de los sujetos, en ellos recae su campo de intervención y los efectos de su práctica. En este sentido, el ensayo argumenta que el poder de las disciplinas es el sustrato de fuerza que articula y sostiene el actual mecanismo del examen público.
INVESTIGAR: UNA COMPETENCIA INDISPENSABLE PARA EL PEDAGOGO
Authors: Ochoa García Julián , García Bejar Ligia 
Published: October 2021

La formación de los estudiantes universitarios se ha vuelto cada vezmás compleja. No se circunscribe sólo a la formación de especialistasen una de las ramas del conocimiento, también debe desarrollar lascompetencias transversales requeridas en todo egresado universitario.Entre las competencias que, de forma indispensable, debe adquirir unestudiante, se encuentran el desarrollo de habilidades informativas yde investigación.
El concepto de alfabetización informacional ha sido estudiado ampliamenteen los últimos años por varios especialistas, en especial en elcampo de las ciencias de la información y la bibliotecología. Es esencialque alumnos y profesores sean autosuficientes para satisfacer sus necesidadesde información al realizar investigaciones académicas fundamentadasque aporten contenidos al cúmulo de conocimientos yaexistentes.Los estudios a nivel universitario implican un trabajo de mayor profundidady especialización por parte de los alumnos que los cursan,y especialmente en el tema de la investigación que deben realizar enel transcurso de los mismos. Es por eso que en el presente trabajose profundizará en la importancia que guarda, en específico para losestudiantes de Pedagogía, el desarrollar correctamente las competenciasinformacionales, haciendo especial énfasis en las competenciasen investigación.
LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA EN EL BACHILLERATO: PROPUESTA CURRICULAR CENTRADA EN EL DESARROLLO DE HABILIDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS BÁSICAS
Authors: Castillo Sánchez Hidalgo Mario A. 
Published: October 2021

Es una verdad innegable: la enseñanza del inglés ocupa, hoy, gran parte de los afanes educativos en distintas áreas del sistema educativo mexicano.
Como lengua extranjera, la enseñanza del inglés ha sufrido, en los diversos ámbitos educativos y en la mayoría de los casos, modificaciones tendientes a lograr el desarrollo comunicativo de los estudiantes a partir de las habilidades lingüísticas básicas.
El tópico central de este trabajo es la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en el Bachillerato. La globalización obliga a responder a esta demandante realidad a través de la adecuación, instrumentación y modernización de las estructuras que permitan, en términos generales, volver más competente a México. La educación juega –y jugará– un papel crucial para las generaciones presentes y futuras, como medio de perfeccionamiento de las capacidades humanas y desempeñará una función integradora estructural que precisa desarrollarse ante el nuevo orden mundial.
En el ámbito educativo, el Bachillerato representa la última oportunidad del docente para incidir realmente en los estudiantes, formarlos y ayudarlos a acometer la compleja tarea de proseguir su preparación profesional, o bien, insertarse al mercado laboral.
Test-Retest Reliability of Home-Based Fitness Assessments Using a Mobile App (R Plus Health) in Healthy Adults: Prospective Quantitative Study
Authors: Lin I-I , Chen You-Lin , Chuang Li-Ling 
Published: October 2021

Background
Poor physical fitness has a negative impact on overall health status. An increasing number of health-related mobile apps have emerged to reduce the burden of medical care and the inconvenience of long-distance travel. However, few studies have been conducted on home-based fitness tests using apps. Insufficient monitoring of physiological signals during fitness assessments have been noted. Therefore, we developed R Plus Health, a digital health app that incorporates all the components of a fitness assessment with concomitant physiological signal monitoring.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the test-retest reliability of home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app in healthy adults.

Methods
A total of 31 healthy young adults self-executed 2 fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app, with a 2- to 3-day interval between assessments. The fitness assessments included cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, mobility, and balance tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient was computed as a measure of the relative reliability of the fitness assessments and determined their consistency. The SE of measurement, smallest real difference at a 90% CI, and Bland–Altman analyses were used to assess agreement, sensitivity to real change, and systematic bias detection, respectively.

Results
The relative reliability of the fitness assessments using R Plus Health was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.8-0.99 for raw scores, 0.69-0.99 for converted scores). The SE of measurement and smallest real difference at a 90% CI were 1.44-6.91 and 3.36-16.11, respectively, in all fitness assessments. The 95% CI of the mean difference indicated no significant systematic error between the assessments for the strength and balance tests. The Bland–Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between the assessments for all tests, with a few outliers. The Bland–Altman plots illustrated narrow limits of agreement for upper extremity strength, abdominal strength, and right leg stance tests, indicating good agreement between the 2 assessments.

Conclusions
Home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app were reliable and feasible in young, healthy adults. The results of the fitness assessments can offer a comprehensive understanding of general health status and help prescribe safe and suitable exercise training regimens. In future work, the app will be tested in different populations (eg, patients with chronic diseases or users with poor fitness), and the results will be compared with clinical test results.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030905; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50229