bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic variation within the maize stiff‐stalk heterotic germplasm pool
Authors: Bornowski Nolan , Michel Kathryn J. , Hamilton John P. , Ou Shujun , Seetharam Arun S. , Jenkins Jerry , Grimwood Jane , Plott Chris , Shu Shengqiang , Talag Jayson , Kennedy Megan , Hundley Hope , Singan Vasanth R. , Barry Kerrie , Daum Chris , Yoshinaga Yuko , Schmutz Jeremy , Hirsch Candice N. , Hufford Matthew B. , de Leon Natalia , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Buell C. Robin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe stiff‐stalk heterotic group in Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of inbreds used in U.S. commercial hybrid production. Founder inbreds B14, B37, B73, and, to a lesser extent, B84, are found in the pedigrees of a majority of commercial seed parent inbred lines. We created high‐quality genome assemblies of B84 and four expired Plant Variety Protection (ex‐PVP) lines LH145 representing B14, NKH8431 of mixed descent, PHB47 representing B37, and PHJ40, which is a Pioneer Hi‐Bred International (PHI) early stiff‐stalk type. Sequence was generated using long‐read sequencing achieving highly contiguous assemblies of 2.13–2.18 Gbp with N50 scaffold lengths >200 Mbp. Inbred‐specific gene annotations were generated using a core five‐tissue gene expression atlas, whereas transposable element (TE) annotation was conducted using de novo and homology‐directed methodologies. Compared with the reference inbred B73, synteny analyses revealed extensive collinearity across the five stiff‐stalk genomes, although unique components of the maize pangenome were detected. Comparison of this set of stiff‐stalk inbreds with the original Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic breeding population revealed that these inbreds represent only a proportion of variation in the original stiff‐stalk pool and there are highly conserved haplotypes in released public and ex‐Plant Variety Protection inbreds. Despite the reduction in variation from the original stiff‐stalk population, substantial genetic and genomic variation was identified supporting the potential for continued breeding success in this pool. The assemblies described here represent stiff‐stalk inbreds that have historical and commercial relevance and provide further insight into the emerging maize pangenome.
A near‐complete genome sequence of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) provides key insights into the modern breeding program
Authors: Ha Jungmin , Satyawan Dani , Jeong Haneul , Lee Eunsoo , Cho Kang‐Heum , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk‐Ha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMungbean (Vigna radiata L.), a fast‐growing legume species, is an important source of carbohydrates and proteins in developing countries of Asia. Here, we constructed a near‐complete genome sequence of mungbean with a scaffold N50 value of 5.2 Mb and only a 0.4% gap, with a total scaffold size of 475 Mb. We identified several misassembled pseudomolecules (Chr03, Chr04, Chr05, and Chr08) in the previous draft assembly; Chr03, Chr04, and Chr08 were assembled into one chromosome, and Chr05 was broken into two chromosomes in the improved reference genome assembly, thus providing more accurate linkage information to breeders. Additionally, using an ultra‐high‐resolution linkage map constructed based on resequencing data, we identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the underlying candidate genes affecting synchronous pod maturity (SPM). Mungbean homologs of two soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] flowering genes, E3 (phytochrome A) and J (early flowering 3), were identified as candidate genes for the QTLs, and the candidate genes for plant height, node number, and SPM showed critical nucleotide substitutions between the reference cultivar and other genotypes (landraces and wild accessions). Based on the analysis of genetic diversity among 276 accessions collected from 23 countries, we identified 36 selective sweep regions and observed that the overall genetic diversity of cultivars decreased to 30% of that in wild accessions postdomestication. The near‐complete genome sequence of mungbean represents an important resource for genome‐assisted improvement in the mungbean breeding program.
Reducing lead solubility in kaolinitic and oxidic soils by application of limed sewage sludge
Authors: Poggere Giovana , Melo Vander Freitas , Monte Serrat Beatriz , Mangrich Antônio Salvio , França Amanda Araújo , Corrêa Rodrigo Studart , Barbosa Julierme Zimmer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to the effects of soil mineralogy on remediation efficiency of sewage sludge. To fill this gap, we applied limed sewage sludge to Pb‐contaminated soil samples of an Oxisol rich in hematite (309 g kg−1) and gibbsite (322 g kg−1) and to an Inceptisol rich in kaolinite (683 g kg−1). Soil samples were collected from B horizon, being both of them acid, clayey, and poor in organic matter. Soil samples were incubated for 40 days and evaluated for Pb after fractioning. Limed sewage sludge neutralized the soluble and exchangeable‐Pb forms in the kaolinitic and oxidic soils primarily as a result of pH increase. It was measured increased concentrations of unavailable forms of Pb such as precipitated‐Pb, Fe and Mn oxide‐Pb, gibbsite and kaolinite‐Pb, and residual‐Pb in the kaolinitic Inceptisol. Likewise, it measured increased concentrations of precipitated‐Pb, organic matter‐Pb, Fe and Mn oxide‐Pb, and residual‐Pb in the Oxisol. Results have demonstrated that limed sewage sludge decreases concentrations of Pb fractions more susceptible to leaching or more bioavailable, while increasing Pb fractions that pose lower risks to the environment. Such results indicate that limed sewage sludge can be used for the remediation of Pb‐contaminated soils regardless of soil mineralogy.
Repair of a corneal laceration and iris prolapse in a juvenile goliath tigerfish (Hydrocynus goliath)
Authors: Lloyd Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA juvenile goliath tigerfish (Hydrocynus goliath) was presented with a traumatic full‐thickness corneal laceration and associated iris prolapse. Debridement and corneal flap repair using N‐butyl cyanoacrylate tissue glue was performed under general anaesthesia. This article describes the initial ocular surgery and documents the recovery and healing process over the following 3‐week period. The fish was discharged from treatment at this point, and there were no complications over the ensuing 1‐year period.
Critical insights into modern hyperspectral image applications through deep learning
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Sharma Arun , Yadav Sumit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHyperspectral imaging has shown tremendous growth over the past three decades. Hyperspectral imaging was evolved through remote sensing. Along, with the technological enhancements hyperspectral imaging has outgrown, conquering over other various application areas. In addition to it, data enriched data cubes with abundant spectral and spatial information works as perk for capturing, analyzing, reviewing, and interpreting results from data. This review concentrates on emerging application areas of hyperspectral imaging. Emerging application areas are selected in ways where there is a vast scope for future enhancements by exploiting cutting edge technology, that is, deep learning. Applications of hyperspectral imaging techniques in some selected areas (remote sensing, document forgery, history and archaeology conservation, surveillance and security, machine vision for fruit quality inspection, medical imaging) are focused. The review pivots around the publicly available datasets and features used domain wise. This review can act as a baseline for deep learning and machine vision experts, historical geographers, and scholars by providing them a view of how hyperspectral imaging is implemented in multiple domains along with future research prospects.This article is categorized under:Technologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Prediction
Quasi-Dirac neutrinos in the linear seesaw model
Authors: Arbeláez Carolina , Dib Claudio , Monsálvez-Pozo Kevin , Schmidt Iván 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We implement a minimal linear seesaw model (LSM) for addressing the Quasi-Dirac (QD) behaviour of heavy neutrinos, focusing on the mass regime of MN ≲ MW. Here we show that for relatively low neutrino masses, covering the few GeV range, the same-sign to opposite-sign dilepton ratio, Rℓℓ, can be anywhere between 0 and 1, thus signaling a Quasi-Dirac regime. Particular values of Rℓℓ are controlled by the width of the QD neutrino and its mass splitting, the latter being equal to the light-neutrino mass mν in the LSM scenario. The current upper bound on mν1 together with the projected sensitivities of current and future |UN ℓ|2 experimental measurements, set stringent constraints on our low-scale QD mass regime. Some experimental prospects of testing the model by LHC displaced vertex searches are also discussed.
Preclinical and clinical study on [18F]DRKXH1: a novel β-amyloid PET tracer for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Xu MiaoMiao , Guo Jun , Gu JiaCheng , Zhang LinLin , Liu ZiHao , Ding Lin , Fu HongLiang , Ma YuFei , Liang Sheng , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Highly sensitive Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing and evaluating the therapeutic effects of AD.

Aim
To synthesize a new Aβ tracer [18F]DRKXH1 (5-(4-(6-(2-[18]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl) and evaluate the tracer performance by biodistribution analysis, in vivo small-animal PET-CT dynamic scan, ex vivo and in vitro autoradiography, and PET in human subjects.

Methods
[18F]DRKXH1 was synthesized automatically by the GE FN module. Log D (pH 7.4) and biodistribution of [18F]DRKXH1 were investigated. Small-animal-PET was used for [18F]DRKXH1 and [18F]AV45 imaging study in AD transgenic mice (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) and age-matched normal mice. The distribution volume ratios (DVR) and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated with the cerebellum as the reference region. The deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain of AD transgenic mice was determined by ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. In vitro autoradiography was performed in the postmortem brain sections of AD patients and healthy controls. Two healthy control subjects and one AD patient was subjected to in vivo PET study using [18F]DRKXH1.

Results
The yield of [18F]DRKXH1 was 40%, and the specific activity was 156.64 ± 11.55 GBq/μmol. [18F]DRKXH1 was mainly excreted through the liver and kidney. The small-animal PET study showed high initial brain uptake and rapid washout of [18F]DRKXH1. The concentration of [18F]DRKXH1 was detected in the cortex and hippocampus of AD transgenic mice brain. The cortex DVR of AD transgenic mice was higher than that of WT mice (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the SUVRs of AD transgenic mice were higher than those of WT mice based on the 0–60-min dynamic scanning. In vitro autoradiography showed a significant concentration of tracer in the Aβ plaque-rich areas in the brain of AD transgenic mice. The DVR value of [18F]-DRKXH1 is higher than that of [18F]-AV45 (1.29 ± 0.05 vs. 1.05 ± 0.08; t = 5.33, P = 0.0003). Autoradiography of postmortem human brain sections showed [18F]DRKXH1-labeled Aβ plaques in the AD brain. The AD patients had high retention in cortical regions, while healthy control subjects had uniformly low radioactivity uptake.

Conclusions
[18F]DRKXH1 is an Aβ tracer with high sensitivity in preclinical study and has the potential for in vivo detection of the human brain.
Spherical panorama compositing through depth estimation
Authors: Saura-Herreros Miguel , Lopez Angeles , Ribelles Jose 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to work in the 2.5D space of the scene to facilitate composition of new spherical panoramas. For adding depths to spherical panoramas, we extend an existing method that was designed to estimate relative depths from a single perspective image through user interaction. We analyze the difficulties to interactively provide such depth information for spherical panoramas, through three different types of presentation. Then, we propose a set of basic tools to interactively manage the relative depths of the panoramas in order to obtain a composition in a very simple way. We conclude that the relative depths obtained by the extended depth estimation method are enough for the purpose of compositing new photorealistic panoramas through a few elementary editing tools.
HnRNP K mislocalisation is a novel protein pathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ageing and leads to cryptic splicing
Authors: Bampton Alexander , Gatt Ariana , Humphrey Jack , Cappelli Sara , Bhattacharya Dipanjan , Foti Sandrine , Brown Anna-Leigh , Asi Yasmine , Low Yi Hua , Foiani Marco , Raj Towfique , Buratti Emanuele , Fratta Pietro , Lashley Tammaryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HnRNPs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins implicated in the regulation of all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. HnRNP K is a member of this highly versatile hnRNP family. Pathological redistribution of hnRNP K to the cytoplasm has been linked to the pathogenesis of several malignancies but, until now, has been underexplored in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Here we show hnRNP K mislocalisation in pyramidal neurons of the frontal cortex to be a novel neuropathological feature that is associated with both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ageing. HnRNP K mislocalisation is mutually exclusive to TDP-43 and tau pathological inclusions in neurons and was not observed to colocalise with mitochondrial, autophagosomal or stress granule markers. De-repression of cryptic exons in RNA targets following TDP-43 nuclear depletion is an emerging mechanism of potential neurotoxicity in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and the mechanistically overlapping disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We silenced hnRNP K in neuronal cells to identify the transcriptomic consequences of hnRNP K nuclear depletion. Intriguingly, by performing RNA-seq analysis we find that depletion of hnRNP K induces 101 novel cryptic exon events. We validated cryptic exon inclusion in an SH-SY5Y hnRNP K knockdown and in FTLD brain exhibiting hnRNP K nuclear depletion. We, therefore, present evidence for hnRNP K mislocalisation to be associated with FTLD and for this to induce widespread changes in splicing.
Epidemiology of complete knee dislocations: an updated classification system
Authors: Mühlenfeld Nils , Berthold Daniel P. , Münch Lukas N. , Störmann Philipp , Hörauf Jason-Alexander , Leiblein Max , Sander Anna Lena , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo , Wagner Nils 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Current classifications of complete knee dislocations do not capture the extent of the complex concomitant ligamentous and bony injuries, which may have an impact on future outcomes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the epidemiology of complete knee dislocations as well as to present an updated classification system based on the author’s experience at a Level-I trauma center.

Materials and methods
Only patients with complete loss of contact of the articulating bones and ≥ 18 years of age who admitted in our level-I trauma center between 2002 and 2019 were included. Patients were identified using a retrospective systematical query in the Hospital Information System (HIS) using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Version10 (ICD-10) codes of the German Diagnosis Related Groups (G-DRG).

Results
Final data included 80 patients, with the majority of patients being male (n = 64; 80.0%). Mean age was 34.9 years (range: 18–70 years). External protective fixation was applied in 32 patients (40.0%). Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament and the anterior cruciate ligament were performed in 56.3% (n = 45) and 55.0% (n = 44) of cases, respectively. The lateral collateral ligament complex was surgically addressed in 47.5% (n = 38), while the medial collateral ligament complex was reconstructed in 40% (n = 32). Surgery of the lateral meniscus and the medial meniscus was needed in 31.1% (n = 25) and 30.0% (n = 24). Neurovascular surgery occurred in 13.8% (n = 11). From the characteristic injury-patterns the authors of this study present a new classification system that ranks the injuries from Grade-A to Grade-D according to their severity.

Conclusion
This retrospective study demonstrates that the historically used classification systems for dislocations of the knee are insufficient for these severe injuries. Concomitant ligamentous, neurovascular, bony, and meniscal injuries were frequent, and required several staged procedures. Consequently, an updated classification system is proposed.
Quality of life after transoral CO2 laser posterior cordotomy with or without partial arytenoidectomy for bilateral adductor vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Filauro Marta , Vallin Alberto , Marcenaro Elisa , Missale Francesco , Fragale Marco , Mora Francesco , Marrosu Valeria , Sampieri Claudio , Carta Filippo , Puxeddu Roberto , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Bilateral adductor vocal cord paralysis (BAVCP) is a rare and challenging condition whose main consequence is reduction of airway patency at the glottic level, often causing respiratory distress, while vocal function tends to remain almost normal. We investigated the effect of transoral glottal widening on quality of life and decannulation rates in patients affected by BAVCP.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients affected by BAVCP and treated by transoral CO2 posterior cordotomy with or without medial partial arytenoidectomy (PC ± MPA) at two referral centers. The primary outcome was change in quality of life, evaluated pre- and post-operatively by the ADVS, VHI-30, and EAT-10 questionnaires. Secondary outcomes were the need for retreatments and, for patients with tracheotomy, the time to decannulation.

Results
Thirty-three patients met selection criteria. The etiology was post-surgical in 27 cases (81.8%), idiopathic in 4 (12.1%), a trauma-related in 1 (6.0%), and to other causes in 1 (3.0%). In 22 cases (66.7%), PC was combined with MPA. A significant improvement in responses for the ADVS (p < .0001) and EAT-10 (p < .0001) was observed, whereas the VHI-30 score did not change significantly post-operatively. All nine patients with a tracheostomy were successfully decannulated within 18 months after the surgical procedure.

Conclusions
For patients affected by BAVCP, PC ± MPA by transoral CO2 laser microsurgery is a safe, customizable and minimally invasive treatment that can guarantee an affordable balance between quality of life in terms of phonation and swallowing and acceptable airway patency.
Limits of multiplicative inhomogeneous random graphs and Lévy trees: limit theorems
Authors: Broutin Nicolas , Duquesne Thomas , Wang Minmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a natural model of inhomogeneous random graphs that extends the classical Erdős–Rényi graphs and shares a close connection with the multiplicative coalescence, as pointed out by Aldous (Ann Probab 25:812–854, 1997). In this model, the vertices are assigned weights that govern their tendency to form edges. It is by looking at the asymptotic distributions of the masses (sum of the weights) of the connected components of these graphs that Aldous and Limic (Electron J Probab 3:1–59, 1998) have identified the entrance boundary of the multiplicative coalescence, which is intimately related to the excursion lengths of certain Lévy-type processes. We, instead, look at the metric structure of these components and prove their Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov convergence to a class of (random) compact measured metric spaces that have been introduced in a companion paper (Broutin et al. in Limits of multiplicative inhomogeneous random graphs and Lévy trees: the continuum graphs.arXiv:1804.05871, 2020). Our asymptotic regimes relate directly to the general convergence condition appearing in the work of Aldous and Limic. Our techniques provide a unified approach for this general “critical” regime, and relies upon two key ingredients: an encoding of the graph by some Lévy process as well as an embedding of its connected components into Galton–Watson forests. This embedding transfers asymptotically into an embedding of the limit objects into a forest of Lévy trees, which allows us to give an explicit construction of the limit objects from the excursions of the Lévy-type process. The mains results combined with the ones in the other paper allow us to extend and complement several previous results that had been obtained via model- or regime-specific proofs, for instance: the case of Erdős–Rényi random graphs obtained by Addario-Berry et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 152:367–406, 2012), theasymptotic homogeneouscase as studied by Bhamidi et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 169:565–641, 2017), or thepower-lawcase as considered by Bhamidi et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 170:387–474, 2018).
Developing an engineering tool for Cyber-Physical Production Systems
Authors: Kannengiesser Udo , Frysak Josef , Stary Christian , Krenn Florian , Müller Harald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) form the basis of the next industrial revolution. However, many manufacturing companies are reluctant to adopt this disruptive technology due to a lack of know-how and a high project risk. In this paper, we present the development of a design tool that addresses common challenges of CPPS engineering, including the complexity of CPPS and the collaborative, multidisciplinary nature of the engineering process. The tool is based on the combination of existing and emerging reference models, standards and methods from software engineering, production automation and Industry 4.0, embedded in a new model of collaborative engineering for CPPS. The paper describes the foundational concepts of the tool, highlights its innovations, and reports some of the insights gained during its development and its usage in an industrial scenario.
Nerve root sedimentation sign on MRI: A triage screen for leg dominant symptoms?
Authors: Huschi Zachary , Neuburger Laura , Ahmed Syed Uzair , Cheng Yanzhao , Fourney Daryl R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical indications for lumbar spinal stenosis are controversial, but most agree that leg dominant pain is a better predictor of success after decompression surgery. The objective of this study is to analyze the ability of the Nerve Root Sedimentation Sign (SedSign) on MRI to differentiate leg dominant symptoms from non-specific low back pain.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of 367 consecutive patients presenting with back and/or leg pain. Baseline clinical characteristics included Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analog pain scores, EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report (EQ5D) and Saskatchewan Spine Pathway Classification (SSPc). Inter- and intra-rater reliability for SedSign was 73% and 91%, respectively (3 examiners).

Results
SedSign was positive in 111 (30.2%) and negative in 256 (69.8%) patients. On univariate analysis, a positive SedSign was correlated with age, male sex, several ODI components, EQ5D mobility, cross-sectional area (CSA) of stenosis, antero-posterior diameter of stenosis, and SSPc pattern 4 (intermittent leg dominant pain). On multivariate analysis, SedSign was associated with age, male sex, CSA stenosis and ODI walking distance. Patients with a positive SedSign were more likely to be offered surgery after referral (OR 2.65). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting all types of leg dominant pain were 37.4 and 82.8, respectively (ppv 77.5%, npv 43.8%).

Conclusions
Patients with a positive SedSign were more likely to be offered surgery, in particular non-instrumented decompression. The SedSign has high specificity for leg dominant pain, but the sensitivity is poor. As such, its use in triaging appropriate surgical referrals is limited.