bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Screen and Prevent Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of PCOS Early: Implications From Metabolomics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Feng Xiaoling , Zhao Xinjie , Jiang Yuepeng , Li Xianna , Niu Jingyun , Meng Xiaoyu , Wu Jing , Xu Guowang , Hou Lihui , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disorder，with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, of which metabolic syndrome (MS) is an indispensable springboard to communicate PCOS and various comlications. Our aim was to study the potential metabolic characteristics of PCOS-MS, and identify sensitive biomarkers so as to provide targets for clinical screening, diagnosis and treatment.Methods: 44 PCOS patients with MS, 34 PCOS patients without MS and 32 healthy controls were studied. Plasma samples of subjects were tested by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system combined with LTQ-orbi-trap mass spectrometry. The changes of metabolic characteristics from PCOS to PCOS-MS were systematically analyzed. Correlations between differential metabolites and clinical characteristics of PCOS-MS were assessed. Differential metabolites with high correlation were further evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify their sensitivity as screening indicators.Results: There were significant difference in general characteristics, reproductive hormone and metabolic parameters in PCOS-MS group when compared with PCOS group and healthy controls. We found 30 differential metabolites which were involved in 23 pathways when compared with PCOS group. The metabolic network further reflects the metabolic environment, including the interaction between metabolic pathways, modules, enzymes, reactions and metabolites.In the correlation analysis, 17 pairs of correlation coefficient between differential metabolites and clincal parameters were greater than 0.4, involving 11 metabolites that has the potential to be a marker for clinical diagnosis. They were assessed by ROC whose area under curve (AUC) were all greater than 0.7, with a good sensitivity. Furthermore, combinational metabolic biomarkers, such as glutamic acid+leucine+phenylalanine and carnitine C 4: 0+carnitine C18:1+carnitine C5:0 are expected to be sensitive combinational biomarkers in clinical practice.Conclusion: Our study provides a new insight to understand the pathogenesis mechanism, and the discriminating metabolites may help screen high-risk of MS in patients with PCOS and provide sensitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
Activation of the SA-Associated Plant Defense Pathway Alters the Composition of Soil Bacterial Communities
Authors: Zhang Jing , Klinkhamer Peter G.L. , Vrieling Klaas , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsMany plant species grow better in sterilized than in live soil. Foliar application of SA mitigates this negative effect of live soil on the growth of the plant Jacobaea vulgaris. To examine what causes the positive effect of SA application on plant growth in live soils, we analyzed the effects of SA application on the composition of active rhizosphere bacteria in the live soil. Methods We studied this over four consecutive plant cycles (generations), using mRNA sequencing of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of J. vulgaris. ResultsOur study shows that the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of J. vulgaris greatly differed among generations. Application of SA resulted in both increases and decreases in a number of active bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil, but the genera that were affected by the treatment differed among generations. In the first generation, there were no genera that were significantly affected by the SA treatment, indicating that induction of the SA defense pathway in plants does not lead to immediate changes in the soil microbial community. 89 species out of the total 270 (32.4%) were present in all generations in all soils of SA-treated and control plants suggesting that these make up the “core” microbiome. On average in each generation, 72.9% of all genera were present in both soils. Application of SA to plants significantly up-regulated genera of Caballeronia, unclassified Cytophagaceae, Crinalium and Candidatus Thermofonsia Clade 2, and down-regulated genera of Thermomicrobiales, unclassified Rhodobacterales, Paracoccus and Flavihumibacter. While the functions of many of these bacteria are poorly understood, bacteria of the genus Caballeronia play an important role in fixing nitrogen and promoting plant growth, and hence this suggests that activation of the SA signaling pathway in J. vulgaris plants may select for bacterial genera that are beneficial to the plant. ConclusionsOverall, our study shows that aboveground activation of defenses in the plant affects soil microbial communities and, as soil microbes can greatly influence plant performance, this implies that induction of plant defenses can lead to complex above-belowground feedbacks. Further studies should examine how activation of the SA signaling pathway in the plant changes the functional genes of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community.
Effects of a gradual increase in temperature on the antioxidant defense system and plasma metabolic parameters in Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii
Authors: Guillen Angela Carolina , Borges Marcelo Eduardo , Herrerias Tatiana , Kandalski Priscila Krebsbach , Souza Maria Rosa Dmengeon Pedreiro de , Donatti Lucélia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Antarctica is considered a thermally stable ecosystem; however, climate studies point to increases in air and surface water temperatures in this region. These thermal changes may affect the biological processes of animals inhabiting such regions because they are stress factors and may promote metabolic changes, rendering the animals more vulnerable to oxidative damage. Plasma parameters are also good indicators of stress and allow analysis of the metabolic status of fish under temperature increases. The present study assessed the effect of acclimation temperature on the levels of plasma, osmoregulatory and oxidative metabolism parameters and antioxidant defenses in kidney, gill, liver and brain tissues of Notothenia rossii subjected to gradual temperature changes of 0.5°C/day until reaching temperatures of 2, 4, 6 and 8°C. Under the effect of the 0.5°C/day acclimation rate, gill tissue showed increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and kidney tissue showed increased H⁺-ATPase at 9 days of the experiment (2°C). In the liver, consistent increases in the MDA concentration as an indicator of lipid peroxidation (9 (2°C),13 (4°C),17 (6°C) and 21 (6°C) days) were noted, as well as an increase in GSH at 9 days (2°C). In plasma, gradual decreases in the concentrations of total proteins and globulins were observed. These responses indicate the presence of thermal plasticity and an attempt at regulation to mitigate thermal stress. The changes showed that a gradual increase in temperature may cause opposite responses to the thermal shock model in N. rossii.
YAP1 protein expression has variant prognostic significance in SCLC stratified by histological subtypes
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Yiying , Liu Li , Wei Jiacong , Zhang Jinyao , Xie Tongji , Dong Jiyan , Li Junling , Xing Puyuan , Yang Lin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Recently, expression of YAP1, a nuclear effector of an inactivated HIPPO pathway, has been identified as one of four molecular subtypes of SCLC defined by the predominant transcriptional regulatory mechanism. However, the clinicopathological relevance and prognostic significance of YAP1 expression in SCLC stratified by histological subtypes has not been systematically reported to date.
Methods

Tumor sections and corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 297 SCLC patients were retrieved from the pathological specimen repository and were subsequently reviewed by pathologists. Forty-six C-SCLCs (15.5%) and 251 P-SCLCs (84.5%) were identified respectively. YAP1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assessed semi-quantitatively on tumor tissue array (TMA). Propensity score was used to match C-SCLCs and P-SCLCs in a ratio of 1 to 2 to balance age, gender, tumor stage and treatment methods. Finally, 46 C-SCLCs and 92 P-SCLCs were included for prognostic analysis.
Results

The positive rate of YAP1 expression was significantly higher in C-SCLCs than P-SCLCs before matching (52.2% vs 29.1%, P = 0.004). After matching by propensity score, the prescribed clinical parameters were well balanced between P-SCLCs and C-SCLCs. Expression of YAP1 was associated worse overall survival (OS) (5- year OS%, 39.0% vs. 74.9%, P = 0.013) and was an independent risk factor for OS (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.01–8.51; P = 0.048) exclusively in C-SCLC. Univariate survival analysis in subgroups of different clinical variables also confirmed the prognostic impact of YAP1 was most significant in C-SCLC. But for P-SCLCs, expression of YAP1 showed no prognostic impact.
Conclusions

Expression of YAP1 in small cell components of C-SCLC was significantly higher than that in P-SCLC. Besides, it served as an unfavorable predictor for OS in C-SCLC but not in P-SCLC, which suggested different entities of small cell components with variant YAP1 expression and potential different targetable oncogenic pathway between C-SCLC and P-SCLC.
Research on Acceleration Data Recovery System Based on the Process of High-Speed Projectile Entering Water Impact
Authors: Shuai Zhang , zhiyu shao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the high-speed water-entry shock experiment, we need to store and recover the acceleration

data generated during the water-entry shock process. In response to this need, we designed a two-dimensional acceleration measurement combined device system. The system uses the IEPE sensor as the sensitive element, and designs an efficient constant current source circuit and a low-power signal conditioning circuit. Use high-precision A/D (ADS1256) converter to achieve analog-to-digital conversion, The data communication between the main control unit and ADC is realized through the serial peripheral interface SPI, and high-speed data transmission is completed. The main control unit stores the collected digital signals in the corresponding memory card through a new polling storage technology. The experimental results show that the system adopts the disconnection trigger method to effectively avoid the false trigger phenomenon during testing. The polling storage technology of real-time cache solves the problem of partial data loss caused by power outage in a specific water impact environment. By comparing the waveform energy difference with the data obtained by dynamic simulation and verifying by mathematical analysis, it can be known that there is no frame error or frame loss in the transmission data. The data recovery device can meet the conditions for high-speed acceleration data recovery, and can provide reliable basic data support for water impact related research.
Evidence on the Stability of Nanoparticles of Comirnarty® in Syringes
Authors: Selmin Francesca , Musazzi Umberto M , Franzè Silvia , Minghetti Paola 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Moving towards a real mass vaccination in the context of COVID-19, healthcare professionals are required to face some criticisms limiting the storage and transport of Comirnaty® as diluted dose in 1mL-syringe. Here, the physical stability of lipid nanoparticles in “real-world” conditions was evaluated, comparing the effects of different syringe materials, temperature and mechanical stress on number and particle size distribution. the positive results of such proof-of-concept can support the preparation and transport of doses to hospitals or vaccination settings.
Effects of Co-Culture of Graphene Oxide Scaffolds with Different Concentrations and Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Aifeng , Chen Jixin , Gong Shuwei , Wei Qiang , Yuan Ye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main role of the scaffold materials is to enable cells to survive in the scaffold binding as while as to further promote their proliferation and differentiation ability. For mesenchymal stem cell, the scaffold could provide an environment for them to maintain their phenotype, and synthesize all necessary molecules and proteins. Generally, scaffold materials for stem cell need to possess basic characteristics such as high porosity, large surface area, surface rigidity and biodegradability. Thus, the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) with oxygen-containing functional groups may be suitable scaffold materials for mesenchymal stem cell culture.MethodsIn this study, the effect of GO on the value-added differentiation activity of mesenchymal stem cell was systematically investigated. ResultsIt was found that low concentration of GO and sufficient concentration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are suitable for the second Co-culture. Furthermore, the addition of hyaluronic acid will make this culture more evenly distributed. ConclusionsThe adsorption of GO on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can also make the two closely linked, which avoids the impact of animal joint activities on cells.
Microbial colonisation, the missing link: from airborne dispersal to integration within the soil community.
Authors: Malard Lucie , Pearce David A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlobal dispersal of microorganisms primarily occurs through airborne transport. Airborne microorganisms can travel thousands of kilometres and be deposited in the most remote places on Earth, from the Arctic to Antarctica, with the potential of invasion and colonisation. The first stage of microbial colonisation is deposition into a new ecosystem. However, how and under what circumstances such deposited microorganisms might successfully colonise a new environment is yet to be determined. Using the Arctic snowpack as a model system, we investigated the colonisation potential of snow derived bacteria deposited onto Arctic soils during and after snowmelt using laboratory-based microcosm experiments set-up to mimic realistic environmental conditions. We tested different melting rate scenarios to evaluate the influence of increased precipitation (via the increase of bacterial inputs and ecosystem disturbance) as well as the influence of soil pH (as the key driver of soil diversity) on bacterial communities and on the colonisation potential.Results We observed several candidate colonisations in all experiments; however, the number of potentially successful colonisation was higher in acidoneutral soils, at the average snowmelt rate measured in the Arctic. While the higher melt rate increased the total number of potentially invading bacteria, it did not promote colonisation. Instead, persistence decreased with time and most potential colonists were not identified by the end of the experiments. On the other hand, soil pH appeared as a determinant factor impacting invasion and subsequent colonisation. In acidic and alkaline soils, bacterial persistence with time was lower than in acidoneutral soils, as was the number of potentially successful colonisations. ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate bacterial colonisation using the snowpack as a model system, and to demonstrate the low rate of potentially successful colonisations of soil by invading bacteria. It suggests that local soil properties might have a greater influence on the colonisation outcome than increased precipitation or ecosystem disturbance.
Evaluation of subcutaneous drainage system versus tissue re-approximation alone using Pfannenstiel incision in obese females undergoing caesarean section.
Authors: Ibrahim Safaa A. , Abdalla Mena M. , Elshafei Rofida M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Obesity is a growing problem and a major health problem. In 1919, Dr. Kelly described obesity by saying that "to be a storehouse for useless adipose tissue and to carry this handicap around, openly displayed wherever one goes, is one of most distressing of life's minor ailments." It has complex negative effects on the functions and procedures of various organs, and includes problems relating to wound healing .
First Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Related Deceased in Ethiopia on Post-mortem Examination and the Context Confronted in Limited Forensic Pathology Centre: case report.
Authors: Adem Ibrahim Jibril , Shiferaw Alemayehu , Untoro Evi , Nuzzolese Emilio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 55-year-old male was found dead in the church of Kefa Zone, Southern Nation and Nationality People Region, the local area of Ethiopia about 500 km away from the only available national forensic centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He had no medical history of comorbidity or medicine prescribed previously as well as no contact history with COVID-19 cases. Also, no travel history to Addis Ababa, which has an epicenter of COVID- 19 high burden cases, and no living individuals reported cases of COVID-19 patients in local residence of the deceased. The National COVID-19 emergency operating team already decided to do postmortem surveillance and collect nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 on all the dead bodies submitted to the mortuary for postmortem examination. For this case and other cases on that day postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs collected and sent for RT-PCR COVID19. Test confirmed COVID-19 positive for this deceased one day after the body handed over to family and transported back to residence of the deceased. The external post-mortem examination revealed an emaciated middle-age adult male with rigor mortis on lower extremity and non- blanching livor mortis on the back of the body. There was no evidence of recent injury. On internal examination pleural adhesions were present on anterior and posterior aspect of left lung. The left lung extensively necrotized, collapsed and weighs about 280grams. Right lung was dark red in color, consolidated, weighs 450 grams, patchy petechial hemorrhages on the pleural surface. No viscera preserved for microbiology, virology, histopathology, or immunohistochemistry tests as these facilities are not available in our set up. With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also during autopsies, as we report the first Ethiopian case of fatal SARS-COV-2 pneumonia confirmed on post-mortem examination.
Assessment of the Effect of Organic Matter on the Retention of Lead in Perturbed Soils.
Authors: Sánchez-Andica Rubén Albeiro , Chamorro-Rengifo Andrés Felipe , Melo Martha Isabel Páez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Four types of soils were prepared with humified matter, bentonite, kaolin and inert matter, in order to control the organic matter (OM) content in the evaluation of retention of lead (II) by adsorption in disturbed soils with the possibility of being contaminated. The results indicated that retention capacity of Pb+2 increases as organic matter increases, however, this retention is not proportional to the organic matter increment. An increase of 10 units in the concentration of the background solution results in a decrease in the retention capacity of 50%. The outcomes also indicated that lead (II) adsorption is successfully explained by the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics fitted well to the Ho pseudo second order model. The thermodynamic values of the Gibbs free energy indicated that it was a spontaneous process and the energy of the process suggests a retention mechanism by ion exchange. A soil with high content of organic matter does not guarantee high retention of lead, even more so when the adsorption mechanism is given by ion exchange.
Duality Theorem for a Minimax Vector Optimization Problem
Authors: Goodall Jacob Atticus Armstrong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A duality theorem is stated and proved for a minimax vector optimization problem where the vectors are elements of the set of products of compact Polish spaces. A special case of this theorem is derived to show that two metrics on the space of probability distributions on countable products of Polish spaces are identical. The appendix includes a proof that, under the appropriate conditions, the function studied in the optimisation problem is indeed a metric. The optimisation problem is comparable to multi-commodity optimal transport where there is dependence between commodities. This paper builds on the work of R.S. MacKay who introduced the metrics in the context of complexity science in [4] and [5]. The metrics have the advantage of measuring distance uniformly over the whole network while other metrics on probability distributions fail to do so (e.g total variation, Kullback–Leibler divergence, see [5]). This opens up the potential of mathematical optimisation in the setting of complexity science.
Optimised Features for Speaker Identification using Daubechies Wavelet based Variance Spectral Flux
Authors: Prabha Chander , Kaur Sukhvinder , Gupta Meenu , Al-Turjman Fadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An important application of speech processing is speaker recognition, which automatically recognizes the person speaking in an audio recording, basis of which is speaker-specific information included in its speech features. It involves speaker verification and speaker identification. This paper presents an efficient method based on discrete wavelet transform and optimized variance spectral flux to enhance the enactment of speaker identification system. An effective feature extraction technique uses Daubechies 40 (db40) wavelet to compress and de-noised the speech signal by its decomposition into approximations and details coefficients at level 1. The approximation coefficients contain 99.9% of speech information as compared to detailed coefficients. So, the optimized variance spectral flux is applied on wavelet approximation coefficients which efficiently extract the frequency contents of the speech signal and gives unique features. The distance between extracted features has been obtained by applying traditional Bayesian information criteria. Experimental results were computed on recording data of 33 speakers (23 female and 10 males) for text independent identification of speaker. Evaluation of effectiveness of the proposed system is done by applying detection error trade-off curves, receiver operating characteristic, and area under curve. It shows 94.38% of speaker identification results when compared with traditional method using Mel frequency spectral coefficients which is 90.70%.