bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Meng , Cao Jian , Cai Guohong , Li Xiantao , Liu Yuejiao , Chen Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression.
WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Cai Zhou , Mei Yan , Jiang Xiaoye , Shi Xingfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer and has a high incidence worldwide. Protein 74 (WDR74), which consists of the WD repetition sequence, has been previously associated with tumor tumorigenesis. However, its mechanism of action in CRC remains unclear. Here, we found that WDR74 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Downregulation of WDR74 repressed the proliferation and cell cycles in CRC cells. In addition, WDR74 knockdown induced cell apoptosis and suppressed both cell metastasis and invasion. Mechanistically, WDR74 decreased the phosphorylation of β-catenin and induced nuclear β-catenin accumulation, activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in CRC cells. Further investigation showed that blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by XAV-939 reversed the effects of WDR74 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCT116 cells. Overall, WDR74 induced β-catenin translocation to the nucleus and activated the Wnt/β-Catenin, thus facilitated CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. In summary, WDR74 could be a potential target for the intervention of CRC.
Semiconducting nanomaterials for photocatalytic desulfurization of liquid fuel under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Zaidi Zakiullah , Gupta Yesleen , Sorokhaibam Laxmi Gayatri 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nanomaterials have fascinated the interest of researchers due to their unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and several other properties. Tin sulfide (SnS2) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) have emerged as promising materials for pharmaceutical, textile, environmental remediation, energy conversion, and storage device design. These two compounds were widely used in waste-water treatment for photocatalytic destruction of organic contaminants. However, the degradation of organic sulfur compounds in the liquid fuel desulfurization process has rarely been investigated using such materials. We hereby, present a hydrothermal method for developing the hexagonal lattice structure of SnS2 and ZnO for the deep desulfurization of model liquid fuel. These materials were further characterized through powder X-ray diffraction for phase purity and crystalline, FTIR analysis to validate functional groups, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm to study surface properties, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for band gap analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for morphology analysis. The optical behavior reveals that the energy gap for SnS2 and ZnO is 2.09 and 3.21 eV, respectively which corresponds to the visible light absorption range. The photocatalysis experiment was carried out in direct sunlight to degrade 10 ppm DBT in iso-octane. The obtained results show that 60% of the DBT degrade with SnS2 and 15% of the DBT degraded with ZnO in 120 min, with a first-order kinetics rate constant of 0.009 and 0.001 min−1 respectively.
Application of antiviral materials in textiles: A review
Authors: Zhang Yao , Fan Wei , Sun Yanli , Chen Weichun , Zhang Yifan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch of antiviral textiles has received considerable attention owing to the continuous emergence of new infectious diseases. Antiviral textiles can effectively inhibit the spread of viruses and significantly reduce the risk of cross-infection and re-infection to protect people’s health and safety. In recent years, researchers studied various antiviral materials, which can prevent the spread and reproduction of viruses by killing and reducing their attachment. These materials can be applied to antiviral textiles through finishing and various spinning methods. This review organizes antiviral materials, analyzes their antiviral mechanisms and inhibition effects, and discusses the methods of combining antiviral materials with textiles, as well as their applications in healthcare and public transportation. In addition, prospects for antiviral textile research are proposed. This review provides references for the study of antiviral textiles and may stimulate the continuous research and development of antiviral textiles.
COVID-19 Diagnosis with Deep Learning
Authors: Catal Reis Hatice 
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fatal and spreading rapidly. Early detection and diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection will prevent rapid spread. This study aims to automatically detect COVID-19 through a chest computed tomography (CT) dataset. The standard models for automatic COVID-19 detection using raw chest CT images are presented. This study uses convolutional neural network (CNN), Zeiler and Fergus network (ZFNet), and dense convolutional network-121 (DenseNet121) architectures of deep convolutional neural network models. The proposed models are presented to provide accurate diagnosis for binary classification. The datasets were obtained from a public database. This retrospective study included 757 chest CT images (360 confirmed COVID-19 and 397 non-COVID-19 chest CT images). The algorithms were coded using the Python programming language. The performance metrics used were accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Comparative analyses are presented between the three models by considering hyper-parameter factors to find the best model. We obtained the best performance, with an accuracy of 94,7%, a recall of 90%, a precision of 100%, and an F1-score of 94,7% from the CNN model. As a result, the CNN algorithm is more accurate and precise than the ZFNet and DenseNet121 models. This study can present a second point of view to medical staff.
GGBS based alkali activated fine aggregate in concrete - Properties at fresh and hardened state
Authors: Thankam G. Lizia , Neelakantan T.R. , Gnanaraj S. Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scarcity of the construction materials, peculiarly the natural river sand has become a serious threat in the construction industry. Though many researchers of developed and developing countries are trying to find alternative sources for the same, the complete replacement of the fine aggregate in concrete is crucial. Geopolymer sand developed from the Industrial waste (Ground granulated blast furnace slag - GGBS) is an effective alternative for the complete replacement of the natural sand. The GGBS based geopolymer sand (G-GFA) was tested for physical and chemical properties. Upon the successful achievement of the properties in par with the natural river sand, the fresh properties (fresh concrete density & slump) and hardened properties (compressive strength, tensile strength & flexural strength) of the concrete specimens developed with G-GFA were studied. The G-GFA is obtained by both air drying (AD-G-GFA) and oven drying (OD-F-GFA) after the dry mixing of the alkaline solution and GGBS for about 10 min. Thus, developed fine aggregates were studied separately for the fresh and hardened concrete to optimize the feasible one. Superplasticizer of 0.4% is included in the concrete mix to compensate the sightly hydrophilic nature of the fine aggregates produced. The mechanical properties of the concrete with G-GFA are observed to be more than 90% close to that of the concrete developed with natural river sand. Thus, both the fresh and mechanical properties of the G-GFA concrete specimens resulted in findings similar to those of the control specimen developed with natural river sand reflecting the plausibility of G-GFA as a complete replacement choice to the fine aggregate in the concrete industry. The flaky GGBS particles merge well with the alkaline solution at room temperature itself since the former gets dried at elevated temperatures. Thus, more feasible fresh concrete properties and mechanical properties were recorded for the AD-G-GFA than the OD-G-GFA.
THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING AND COLD FORGING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS PROPERTIES OF Al-SiC COMPOSITE : A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Adityawardhana Yudhistira , Zulfia Anne , Adjiantoro Bintang , Hasbi Muhammad Yunan 
Published: September 2021

THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING AND COLD FORGING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS PROPERTIES OF AL-SIC COMPOSITE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) are one of the exciting materials that have an extensive function in various applications. By utilizing reinforcement in the fabrication process, Al composites can produce superior properties such as high strength, good fracture resistance, and of course, lightweight. Therefore, many studies are interested in revealing the characteristics of Al composite materials through various methods and variations of reinforcement. This research is a preliminary study with a scope of work, including observing the effects of annealing and cold forging processes on the microstructure morphology and hardness properties of SiC nano-ceramic reinforced Al composites. The aluminium used in this study is a 7xxx series aluminium alloy. The fabrication process was carried out by stir-squeeze casting method. Microstructure analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Emission Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness properties of the Al-SiC composite were examined by micro Vickers hardness testing. This research reported that the annealing process influences the grain refinement and hardness properties of the Al-SiC composite. The sample experienced to cold forging has to improve the hardness value. Increasing hardness by forging after anneal may introduce due to the grain compression effect of the dislocation mechanism. Comprehensive research is required to find out other potentials of Al-SiC composite materials. Keywords: Al-SiC composite, annealing temperature, cold forging, hardness, microstructure.
Pengembangan Media E-Comic Berbasis Budaya Lokal Kota Malang dalam Pembelajaran Keunikan Daerah Tempat Tinggalku untuk Muatan PPKn Kelas 4 SD
Authors: Rachmadani Rori , Sutarno Sutarno , Umayaroh Siti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This study aims to produce media products in the form of e-comic on PPKN content with the theme of local culture of Malang City, class IV SD semester 2 at SDN Tasikmadu 1 Malang and SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang which are valid and interesting. This research is a development research, which consists of (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. The test subjects were fourth grade students at SDN Tasikmadu 1 and SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang. The small group trial subjects consisted of 10 students and the large group test subjects consisted of 45 students. The results of this study indicate that the developed media received a very valid and very interesting rating, according to experts and users. The results of the small-scale test showed a result of 0.93 which was stated to be very interesting and the large-scale test showed a result of 0.95.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk media berupa e-comic pada muatan PPKn bertemakan kebudayaan lokal Kota Malang kelas IV SD semester 2 di SDN Tasikmadu 1 Malang dan SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang yang valid dan menarik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, yang terdiri dari (1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. Subjek uji coba adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Tasikmadu 1 dan SDN Tasikmadu 2 Malang. Subjek uji coba kelompok kecil terdiri dari 10 siswa dan subjek uji coba kelompok besar terdiri dari 45 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan media yang dikembangkan ini mendapatkan penilaian yang sangat valid dan sangat menarik, menurut para ahli dan pengguna. Hasil dari uji skala kecil menunjukkan hasil 0,93 yang dinyatakan sangat menarik dan uji skala besar menunjukkan hasil 0,95.
THE IMPACTS OF SPOUSES’ EDUCATION AND MATERNAL HEALTH ON FERTILITY IN PAKISTAN: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Sheikh Qurra-tul-ain Ali , Meraj Muhammad , Shamim Muhammad Asif , Zia Sayma 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper primarily aims to recognize, develop, and examine the impacts of spouses’ education and maternal health status in cooperation with a variety of other covariates (demographic, social, economic, cultural, and attitudinal) on fertility in Pakistan.
Methodology: This study mainly aimed to discover how spouse’s education and maternal health inputs help in controlling high fertility using four data sets of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (1990-91, 2006-07, 2012-13 and 2017-18) through count data model (Poisson regression).
Main Findings: Our empirical results proved the hypotheses that educated spouses and healthy mothers practice family planning tools (contraceptives) to lower down the total fertility rates.
Application of this study: Educated husband and wife will keep their family size smaller to devote more on children’s nutrition, health, and education. In general, rise in intentional birth control method make the education policy more helpful in reducing fertility. Findings draw government attention for embarking on public enlightenment campaigns to generate wakefulness regarding the long-term significance of fertility regulation in Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality: The study is one of its kind because it attempted to explore the link among spouse’s education, maternal health inputs, and child’s health outcomes with fertility that could be used to benchmark for additional research in Pakistan.
​Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.)]: New Promising Host of Lac [Kerria lacca (Kerr)] in Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Swami H. , . Lekha , Chhangani Gaurang , Regar N.L. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Lac is a resin secretion of insects [Kerria lacca (Kerr)], which are commercially cultivated through ages. Lac cultivation has its roots in India and a major source of economy to the local populace. Though different lac hosts have been recorded in Rajasthan, but it is not cultivated commercially. Pigeonpea crop could be utilized for encouraging lac cultivation in the region and yield losses can be compensated by additional income received from lac resin. Methods: The experiment on “Studies on Economics and Yield Attributing Parameters of Lac Cultivation on Yield of Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) in Southern Rajasthan” was conducted on Rangeeni strain of lac insect in Baisakhi season at lac insect gene bank cum garden situated at Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. The life cycle of Rangeeni strain of lac insect were studied on pigeonpea sown in last week of August in plot size measuring 2 × 10 sq m during Baisakhi season of both year. Result: The study revealed that the mean initial settlement density of lac insect on pigeonpea ranged from 67.53 to 84.20 with 4.27 to 5.27 (per sq. cm) mature female cell density during successive years. The mean per cent settlement was found to be the maximum (91.78 and 91.15%) at lower portion of the pigeonpea plant during respective years. The duration of sex differentiation ranged from 48.23 to 49.10 days for both successive years. The benefit cost ratio was also higher (1.95 and 2.09) in lac inoculated experiment then the sole seed crop (control) of pigeon pea (1.84 and 1.35) in season 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. All the parameter revealed that pigeon pea is economically efficient host for the Rangeeni strain of lac in agro-climatic region of southern Rajasthan.
Teams’ games tournaments with cognitive conflict instruction (CCI) model to unveil students’ misconceptions
Authors: Haryono Heny Ekawati , Samsudin Achmad , Aini Khafidhoh Nurul , Siahaan Parsaoran 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to see what physics misconceptions students have regarding heat material. This study employs a three-tier diagnostic exam designed to identify students' physics misunderstandings. 150 grade VII students from five Lamongan district state junior high schools were included in the study. Creating a closed-ended the students' responses to the cognitive conflict instruction are used to create a three-tier instrument (CCI). The findings of the research revealed that the CCI is a viable and reliable tool for detecting misunderstandings. The findings of the detection of misconceptions in participants revealed that 45 % of pupils met the mastery criteria, 35 % met the misconception criteria, and 10% met the guessing requirement.
Keywords: Misconception, heat material, three-tier test
Teaching creative (Literary) writing: Indigenous psychological perspective
Authors: Ahmadi Anas 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explore the teaching of creative writing through an indigenous perspective. This study used qualitative methods based on narrative interpretation and exposure. The respondents of this study were 40 students. Data collection techniques were conducted using creative writing, picking, and interviews. The data analysis technique consisted of three stages, namely pre-writing, writing process, and post-writing. The results showed that 77.5% of students answered very well, 17.5% answered well, 32% answered mediocre about the learning process of creative writing uses the perspective of indigenous psychology. Students’ responses related to the perspective of indigenous psychology that it makes someone easier to write: 32% of students answered yes, 0% answered no, and 68% answered mediocre. Students' responses regarding the perspective of indigenous psychology that it provides benefits to the learning of creative writing: 90% of students answered yes and 10% answered no. Students’ responses regarding the learning of creative writing that it is more easily using the perspective of indigenous psychology: 80% of students answered yes and 20% answered no.
Keywords: creative writing, literature, indigenous studies, indigenous psychology, pre-writing, writing process, post-writing
Rural families’ thoughts about sexual development of their adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Guven Didem 
Published: September 2021

The study aims to determine rural families’ experiences regarding sexual development of their adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents. Since the interviews included privacy issues, they were conducted one-to-one with the parents. The phenomenological method was used, depending on the research purpose. Inductive analysis was utilised in the analysis of the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews. Validity and reliability were included in all stages of data collection, breakdown and analysis. As a result, the families stated that their children exhibited inappropriate socio-sexual behaviours during adolescence; they strive to teach their children sexuality issues, although they do not know how and they generally prefer carrying their children along to prevent sexual abuse. Also, due to not knowing much about sexuality, they generally received their relatives’ support and requested comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) from special education teachers and other experts, especially about distinguishing good and bad people, menstruation and hiding sanitary pads. Although the literature reports that sexuality and its education are generally taboo, families in this study explained their thoughts on sexuality in full detail without tabooing. This makes the study different and meaningful, when compared to similar ones. The study was conducted in an eastern Turkey city with difficult access to special education. Thus, experts in rural areas are recommended to prepare and give necessary CSE programmes to families and individuals with special needs by conducting similar studies. These studies can be conducted not only with special education perspective but also in different disciplines. It is a basic human right for all individuals to receive CSE, thus as another recommendation, experts should give all children these courses in schools.

Keywords: Comprehensive sexuality education, individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, parenting education, phenomenological design.
Research competences in university students in virtual learning environments
Authors: Garay-Argandona Rafael , Rodriguez-Vargas Martha C. , Hernandez Ronald M. , Carranza-Esteban Renzo , Turpo Josue E. 
Published: September 2021

Research competencies are adopted in higher education, however, little is known about the role of these competencies in the virtual environment. This research is one of the first to describe research competences in postgraduate students in virtual learning environments. An observational design study using the research competences questionnaire was conducted with 89 students. The findings indicate that cognitive and teamwork competences are the most predominant (58.4% and 71.9%) and that the weakest areas are related to technological competences 33.7%, methodological competences 39.7% and project management 22.5%. These findings highlight the need to improve curricula in postgraduate schools where research competences are strengthened by prioritising technological, methodological and project management aspects so that students obtain the necessary skills and abilities and can improve their research processes.

Keywords: research competences, virtual learning environments, research training.
Improvement of principals’ supervision competence through accompaniment in principal working groups
Authors: Nurlaili Nurlaili , Warman Warman , Raolah Raolah 
Published: September 2021

A principal’s supervision competency affects the improvement in the teaching and learning process; therefore, it needs to be improved. This study aimed to describe the principal working group (PWG) activities and the principal’s supervision competencies after being assisted by school supervisor in the PWG at Sangkuang Island, East Kutai Regency. This research used a qualitative method and was conducted at state elementary schools. Data collection used interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data were analysed using Miles and Huberman’s model. The results showed that the PWG activities were effective and the principals could exchange ideas and solutions to solve school problems. The school supervisor’s assistance in the PWG activities increased the principal’s supervision competencies. The principals were able to plan supervision programmes properly, conduct standard supervision and implement follow-up supervision according to the needs. This study implies that a school supervisor’s assistance is important to improve the principal’s supervision competence and this can be adopted at other area.

Keywords: Elementary school, principal, supervision competence.