bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human immunodeficiency virus‐positive women's perspectives on breastfeeding with antiretrovirals: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Li Kan Man Carmen , Li Kan Yan Chloe , Bick Debra , Chang Yan‐Shing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive women can breastfeed with minimal risk of mother‐to‐child transmission if taking antiretrovirals. Guidelines surrounding infant feeding for HIV‐positive women have evolved several times over the last two decades. Our review aimed to explore perspectives of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals from HIV‐positive women since the World Health Organization (2010) infant feeding and antiretroviral guidelines. HIV‐positive pregnant and postnatal women from all countries/settings were eligible. HIV‐positive women were either on an antiretroviral regimen at the time of the study, previously on an antiretroviral regimen, not initiated on a regimen yet, or enrolled in prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) care. Quality assessment of all included studies were conducted. Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched for studies conducted from January 2010 to October 2020. Nine papers were included in the review, of which two presented findings from the same study. Five analytical themes were developed via thematic synthesis: (1) awareness of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals, (2) turmoil of emotions, (3) coping mechanisms, (4) the intertwining of secret, stigma and support and (5) support needed. Support from family and health care professionals and coping approaches were important to overcome stigma and the emotional challenges of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals. Health care professionals should be familiar with the most updated national and local guidance surrounding infant feeding and antiretrovirals. Further research into interventions to encourage HIV‐positive women to adhere and commit to lifelong antiretroviral treatment (Option B+) for breastfeeding is required.
“Non‐convulsive status epileptics associated with diabetic ketosis: Case report and literature review”
Authors: Kamath Sneha Dayanand , Manisha Gupta , Lanka Vivek , Holla Vikram Venkappayya , Saini Jitender , Netravathi M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew‐onset seizures in the elderly are a challenging presentation in the emergency department. Most of the cases have reported seizures on a background of non‐ketotic hyperglycemia. We hereby present an elderly patient with non‐convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) following ketotic hyperglycemia. Patient presented with visual disturbances in the form of episodic polyopsia, metamorphopsia, and visual hallucinations for 2 weeks. MRI brain showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity in left occipito‐temporal cortex with subcortical hypointensity. EEG revealed spikes in bilateral occipito‐temporal regions suggestive of NCSE. Patient showed gradual improvement with correction of hyperglycemia. In conclusions, non‐convulsive status epilepticus is an important consideration in an elderly diabetic with recent onset of confusional state.
Genetic variability and nitrogen response indices in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under contrasting nitrogen environments
Authors: Zeffa Douglas M. , Moda‐Cirino Vânia , Nogueira Alison F. , Delfini Jéssica , de Arruda Isabella M. , dos Santos Neto José , Gepts Paul , Scapim Carlos A. , Gonçalves Leandro S. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough common bean plants can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2), this process is insufficient to meet the total nitrogen (N) demand of the crop. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare different N‐responses indices of common bean cultivars in contrasting N fertilization environments. In addition, the genetic variability of the cultivars was verified using SNP and AFLP markers. Cultivars that showed high tolerance to low‐N (LNTI) generally had low N‐agronomic efficiency (NAE), confirming the complexity of simultaneously selecting for genotypes that show both traits. The performance under contrasting N (PCN) index presented the highest heritability and selective accuracy estimates, suggesting PCN may be the most appropriate index to select genotypes. The cultivars were grouped into four groups using molecular markers. Based on the PCN index, cultivars assigned to molecular groups 1 (‘IAC Sintonia’, ‘IPR Bem‐te‐vi’, ‘BRS Notável’, ‘IPR Juriti’, and ‘BRSMG Pioneiro’) and 2 (‘IPR Sabiá’, ‘IPR Quero‐Quero’, and ‘IPR Campos Gerais’) were recommend for future crosses aiming at developing cultivars less dependent on N fertilizers.
Urgent need to strengthen school health in Asia and the Pacific islands
Authors: Kobayashi Jun , Takeuchi Rie , Toyama Yuko , Gregorio Ernesto R. , Kadriyan Hamsu , Estrada Crystal Amiel M. , Motomura Makoto , Wake Norie , Yamada Kyoko , Ishikawa Ryuji , Takakura Minoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Asia and the Pacific island region, strengthening of school health activities and measures is urgently recommended to deal with the impact of the increasing risk of potential school closures due to continuation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in 2021. As the incidence of COVID‐19 in 2020 was relatively low in these regions, many of the countries were able to avoid prolonged school closures. However, even if vaccination is expanded in the future and the pandemic tends to come to an end, the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants spreading among children will also increase, and the possibility of having to close schools again will also increase.
Associations between child theory of mind, mutuality in father‐preschooler dyads, and household chaos
Authors: McCormick Sarah A. , Chary Mamatha , Deater‐Deckard Kirby 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly theory of mind development is influenced by a variety of experiences and contexts. Social interactions with parents and others are important for developing a theory of mind, but these social processes may be disrupted by aspects of the proximal home environment. The current study observed father‐child dyadic mutuality (a construct representing responsiveness, reciprocity, and cooperation during a structured interaction) and its associations with child theory of mind and household chaos in a sample of fathers and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children (N = 88 dyads). Dyadic mutuality was coded from videotaped structured tasks, household chaos was self‐reported by fathers through a questionnaire, and child theory of mind was measured through behavioral tasks. Measures of child expressive language ability, child executive function, and family socioeconomic status are included as covariates. Results show no main effect of either dyadic mutuality or household chaos on child theory of mind, but that the association between dyadic mutuality and child theory of mind was moderated by household chaos, whereby the association between higher observed dyadic mutuality and better child theory of mind abilities was evident only at low and mean levels of chaos. Findings suggest that higher levels of household chaos may disturb the beneficial social interactions between parents and children that influence theory of mind development. Additional contextual variables and processes are discussed.
“Let's hang out!”: Understanding social ties among linguistically diverse youth in urban afterschool programs
Authors: Hwang Sophia H. J. , Cappella Elise , Kieffer Michael J. , Yates Miranda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the associations among cross‐linguistic social ties, individual‐level social network and demographic characteristics, and academic and social‐emotional outcomes in a sample of third to eighth grade Latine and Black youth attending urban afterschool programs. Guided by social capital and social learning perspectives, this study is one of the first to explore the associations of social ties among Spanish‐speaking bilingual youth and native English‐speakers in the afterschool setting. We found that youth who have more ties in the classroom social network have more cross‐linguistic connections than would be expected given the afterschool classroom composition. Moreover, having more cross‐linguistic ties at the start of the year was associated with higher academic and social self‐concept in the spring, adjusting for baseline skills and other covariates. These findings suggest that cross‐linguistic ties in the afterschool setting may contribute to positive social and developmental outcomes in late childhood and early adolescence.
Prolonged incubation period of hepatitis B in a recipient of a nucleic acid amplification test‐negative hepatitis B virus window donation
Authors: Matsuno Takahiro , Matsuura Hideaki , Fujii Sumie , Tanaka Ami , Satake Masahiro , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Tomita Akihiro , Matsui Yusuke , Sugiura Yukari , Miura Yasuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has fallen dramatically due to continuous improvements in pre‐transfusion laboratory testing. However, the characteristics of transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection caused by individual donor nucleic acid amplification test (ID‐NAT)‐negative blood products are unclear.Case PresentationA 76‐year‐old woman with acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed with transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection after receiving apheresis platelets derived from an ID‐NAT‐negative blood donation. This case was diagnosed definitively as transfusion‐mediated because complete nucleotide homology of a 1556 bp region of the HBV Pol/preS1‐preS2‐S genes and a 23 bp region of the HBV core promoter/precore between the donor and recipient strains was confirmed by PCR‐directed sequencing. The case is uncommon with respect to the unexpectedly prolonged HBV‐DNA incubation period of nearly 5 months after transfusion (previously, the longest period observed since the recent implementation of ID‐NAT pre‐transfusion laboratory testing in Japan was 84 days). Slow‐replicating HBV genotype A2 may contribute to the prolonged incubation period; also, the quantity of apheresis platelets delivered in a large volume of plasma, and/or the immune response of the recipient suffering from a hematological neoplasm, may have contributed to establishment of HBV infection in the recipient. This was supported by analysis of three previously documented cases of transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection by blood products derived from ID‐NAT‐negative donations in Japan.ConclusionContinuous monitoring of HBV infection for longer periods (>3 months) may be required after transfusion of blood components from an ID‐NAT‐negative HBV window donation.
Global macroeconomic impacts of demographic change
Authors: Liu Weifeng , McKibbin Warwick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe world has been experiencing dramatic demographic change since the 1950s, with almost all countries facing ageing challenges this coming century. However, the timing and speed of this demographic transition are significantly asymmetric across countries. This paper examines the impacts of global demographic change on macroeconomic conditions, international trade and capital flows in major economies in a global multi‐region and multi‐sector general equilibrium model. We separately simulate demographic shocks in six regions of the world economy to understand how each shock individually affects the world economy and then combine these shocks to obtain the consequences of global demographic change. The paper finds that future demographic change will significantly impact each region's GDP, changing the landscape of the world economy. However, the spillover effects on GDP across the countries are relatively small. In young economies such as emerging Asia and Africa, while economic growth will significantly benefit from demographic dividends, demographic change does not improve per capita GDP. In ageing economies such as Japan and Europe, population ageing will decrease the real interest rate. However, this impact will be offset by rising interest rates in young economies. Due to the differential real interest rates, capital will flow from more ageing to less ageing economies. These capital flows can be substantial and beneficial for all economies.
Practice patterns about the role of palliation in veterinary surgical oncology
Authors: Di Virgilio Fabrizio , Belluzzi Elena , Santos Marisa , Caraty Johan , Bongartz Alexandre , Deneuche Aymeric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhether surgical palliative therapy is appropriate for oncologic veterinary patients is an increasing concern as pet age increases because of improved care. In this study, an online survey (available for 30 days), comprising 100 questions with structured response options, was administered to 492 diplomates of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS). The survey queried the technical, ethical, social, medical, and financial aspects of surgical palliative therapy for oncologic veterinary patients. Responses were received from 155 ECVS diplomates (31.5%, n = 155/492). Palliative surgery was a relatively common intervention in veterinary oncology, with 50% of respondents (n = 77.5/155) indicating that 75%–100% of oncological surgeries performed were palliative. The presence of metastasis was judged as a key determinant when deciding to perform palliative oncological surgery by 41% of the respondents (n = 63.5/155). The survey revealed that the most commonly performed procedures in palliative oncological surgery were marginal resection, debulking, and amputation. In contrast to human medicine, palliative limb‐sparing surgery, stent placement, and embolization were rarely used in veterinary settings, mainly because of a general lack of expertise among veterinarians, elevated costs, and recourse to euthanasia. Taken together, the survey results highlight the need for appropriate guidelines in the field of oncological surgery. To establish general guidelines and direct veterinarians towards the most appropriate judgement, understanding how and what veterinary surgeons manage palliative oncological surgery and how they perceive the main ethical, social, medical, and financial concerns are essential. Such guidelines will lead to better care for ailing animals and will facilitate the path to healing for owners.
Refeeding syndrome in a miniature donkey
Authors: Bookbinder Lauren , Schott Harold C 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe refeeding syndrome in an equid without a history of recognized risk factors.Case summaryRefeeding syndrome with marked hypophosphatemia developed in an aged miniature donkey gelding during treatment of suspected enterocolitis. Hypophosphatemia (manifested clinically as ileus and neuromuscular weakness) developed despite a short (3 day) history of hyporexia, increased body condition (7/9), and adherence to nutritional recommendations for critically ill equids. Nutritional support included nasogastric enteral feeding with a commercial equine nutrition product claiming to provide 100% of the National Research Council's daily recommended protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements for equids. Hypophosphatemia developed despite this enteral supplementation and was ultimately corrected by intravenous administration of sodium phosphate solution.New or unique information providedThis case report suggests that risk factors for refeeding syndrome in equids may be broader than previously recognized. Specifically, critically ill equids at risk for insulin dysregulation may have unique nutritional co‐morbidities and requirements. This report highlights the need for both broader recognition of risk factors for refeeding syndrome, and revised best‐practice nutritional guidelines and supplementation products to improve equine critical care.
Sufi Symbols In Poems Of Ibn ᶜArabi And Hamzah Fansuri
Authors: Parman Mazlina , Marni Nurazmallail 
Published: July 2021

As a way of communication, poetry is used by the Sufis to portray their knowledge and experiences in searching for God. However, the use of words in describing immaterial experiences spurs misconceptions among readers. Nevertheless, signs such as symbols are still being used in Sufi’s poetry. It plays a key role in expressing mystical thoughts, myriad of emotions, and even uplifting our mundane spirits. This article explores the meaning of symbols in Ibn ᶜArabi’s and Hamzah Fansuri’s poems. Both were known as prominent and controversially Sufi’s figures in two different regions, the Arab World and the Malay Archipelago. In studying it, a semiotic approach is used whilst a comparative approach is carried out to differentiate the existence of influence between the two figures as the latter is influenced theologically with the first. The finding shows that there is a likeness in the use of symbols and meaning connotations brought about by Ibn ᶜArabi and Hamzah Fansuri which proves the existence of influence between them, but variations are exhibited in the designation of the symbols which adhering to the different milieu, culture, and geographical places. Therefore, this study significantly indicating the authentication of Sufi poets in using symbols that portray the nation's culture and background. It also emphasizes the importance of interconnection between different cultures of Islam.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who have experienced procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol
Authors: De Clifford-Faugère Gwenaëlle , Lavallée Andréane , Rioux Émilie , Laporte Geneviève , Aita Marilyn 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic review will assess the association between painful procedures performed on preterm infants while hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and short-, mid-, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Introduction:
Preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal unit undergo many painful procedures. The repetition of these painful procedures in a preterm infant with an immature nervous system can have consequences for their neurodevelopment.

Inclusion criteria:
Prospective and retrospective observational study designs will be included in this review. Studies of preterm infants (less than 37 weeks of gestation) hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit who have undergone painful procedures, with or without skin breaking, will be considered for inclusion in this review. Our main variable will be neurodevelopment, measured in the short, medium, and long term.

Methods:
A comprehensive database search will be undertaken in CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will limit the search to articles published in English or French. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal will be conducted by two independent reviewers. If possible, meta-analysis will be performed; otherwise the results will be presented by descriptive synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020189762
First‐recruited motor units adopt a faster phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Weddell Thomas , Bashford James , Wickham Aidan , Iniesta Raquel , Chen Maoqi , Zhou Ping , Drakakis Emmanuel , Boutelle Martyn , Mills Kerry , Shaw Chris 
Published: July 2021

Key points
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons, carrying a short survival.
High‐density motor unit recordings permit analysis of motor unit size (amplitude) and firing behaviour (afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity).
Serial recordings from biceps brachii indicated that motor units fired faster and with greater amplitude as disease progressed.
First‐recruited motor units in the latter stages of ALS developed characteristics akin to fast‐twitch motor units, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for the selective loss of this motor unit subset.
This process may become maladaptive, highlighting a novel therapeutic target to reduce motor unit vulnerability.
AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a median survival of 3 years. We employed serial high‐density surface electromyography (HDSEMG) to characterize voluntary and ectopic patterns of motor unit (MU) firing at different stages of disease. By distinguishing MU subtypes with variable vulnerability to disease, we aimed to evaluate compensatory neuronal adaptations that accompany disease progression. Twenty patients with ALS and five patients with benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) underwent 1–7 assessments each. HDSEMG measurements comprised 30 min of resting muscle and 1 min of light voluntary activity from biceps brachii bilaterally. MU decomposition was performed by the progressive FastICA peel‐off technique. Inter‐spike interval, firing pattern, MU potential area, afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity were determined. In total, 373 MUs (ALS = 287; BFS = 86) were identified from 182 recordings. Weak ALS muscles demonstrated a lower mean inter‐spike interval (82.7 ms) than strong ALS muscles (96.0 ms; P = 0.00919) and BFS muscles (95.3 ms; P = 0.0039). Mean MU potential area (area under the curve: 487.5 vs. 98.7 μV ms; P < 0.0001) and muscle fibre conduction velocity (6.2 vs. 5.1 m/s; P = 0.0292) were greater in weak ALS muscles than in BFS muscles. Purely fasciculating MUs had a greater mean MU potential area than MUs also under voluntary command (area under the curve: 679.6 vs. 232.4 μV ms; P = 0.00144). These results suggest that first‐recruited MUs develop a faster phenotype in the latter stages of ALS, likely driven by the preferential loss of vulnerable fast‐twitch MUs. Inhibition of this potentially maladaptive phenotypic drift may protect the longevity of the MU pool, stimulating a novel therapeutic avenue.