bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat production in quiescent cardiac muscle is length, velocity and muscle dependent: Implications for active heat measurement
Authors: Garrett Amy S. , Loiselle Denis S. , Han June‐Chiew , Taberner Andrew J. 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Intracellular energetic processes in quiescent cardiac muscle release ‘basal’ heat; during contraction, a much larger amount of ‘active’ heat is also produced. Previously, measurement challenges have constrained researchers to assume that basal heat rate remains constant during contraction and shortening. Is this assumption correct?
What is the main finding and its importance?We show that basal heat rate is modulated by the extent and velocity of muscle shortening. Their relative contributions are muscle specific. We apply a method with which researchers can now disentangle, for each experiment, changes in basal heat from active heat production, providing more precise measures of the individual energetic processes underlying cardiac muscle contraction.
AbstractSeparating the variations in cardiac basal heat rate from variations in active heat rate is necessary to determine cardiac muscle energy consumption accurately during the performance of active work. By developing a model of cardiac muscle basal heat rate, we aimed to investigate changes in basal heat rate when cardiac muscle performs work. Experiments were conducted on 10 isolated rat cardiac trabeculae subjected to both active (work‐loops) and quiescent (length‐change and velocity) interventions. Muscle force, length and heat output rate were measured simultaneously in a flow‐through work‐loop calorimeter. Quiescent muscle characteristics were used to parameterize muscle‐specific models of change in basal heat rate, thereby to predict dynamic changes in basal heat rate during active work‐loop contraction. Our data showed that the quiescent heat characteristics of cardiac muscle varied between samples, displaying dependence on both the extent and the rate of change in muscle length. We found a moderate correlation between muscle dimensions (cross‐sectional area and volume) and the length‐dependent basal heat parameter (P = 0.0330 and P = 0.0242, respectively), but no correlation with the velocity‐dependent parameter. These findings lead us to conclude that the heat output of cardiac muscle at quiescence varies with both the extent and the velocity of shortening, to an extent that is muscle specific, and that this variation must be measured and accounted for in each specimen when assessing active energetics.
Similar inflammatory response and conduit artery vascular function between sexes following induced inflammation
Authors: Mascone Sara E. , Chesney Catalina A. , Eagan Lauren E. , Ranadive Sushant M. 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are there sex differences in vascular function following induced inflammation when oestrogen is typically similar between sexes?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The present study suggests no sex differences in conduit artery vascular responses to acutely induced inflammation during the low‐oestrogen phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. However, women exhibit lower microvascular function than men. Overall, the results underpin the role of oestrogen in previously observed sex differences and the importance of reporting the phase in the hormonal cycle when women are studied.
AbstractSex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence in premenopausal women and age‐matched men have been attributed to the cardioprotective influence of oestrogen. However, limited knowledge exists regarding sex differences following acute inflammation when oestrogen concentrations are lower in women. We evaluated sex differences in vascular responses to induced inflammation when oestrogen concentrations are typically lower in women (early follicular phase or placebo phase of hormonal contraception). In 15 women and 14 men, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentrations and vascular function [via brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD)] were assessed at baseline (BL) and 24 (24H) and 48 hours (48H) after administration of influenza vaccine. After induction of inflammation, both sexes exhibited an increase in IL‐6 concentrations at 24H [mean (SD) BL vs. 24H: women, 0.563 (0.50) vs. 1.141 (0.65) pg/ml; men, 0.385 (0.17) vs. 1.113 (0.69) pg/ml; P < 0.05] that returned to near‐baseline concentrations by 48H (BL vs. 48H, P > 0.05). There were no sex differences in FMD, allometrically scaled FMD or IL‐6 concentrations at any time point (P > 0.05). Notably, women exhibited significantly lower microvascular function than men at every time point [P < 0.05; reactive hyperaemic area under the curve (in arbitrary units): women, BL 35,512 (14,916), 24H 34,428 (14,292) and 48H 39,467 (13,936); men, BL 61,748 (27,324), 24H 75,028 (29,051) and 48H 59,532 (13,960)]. When oestrogen concentrations are typically lower in women, women exhibit a similar inflammatory response and conduit artery function, but lower microvascular response to reactive hyperaemia, in comparison to age‐matched men.
Metagenomic Analysis of the Microbial Community in the Underground Coal Fire Area (Kemerovo Region, Russia) Revealed Predominance of Thermophilic Members of the Phyla Deinococcus-Thermus, Aquificae, and Firmicutes
Authors: Kadnikov V. V. , Mardanov A. V. , Beletsky A. V. , Karnachuk O. V. , Ravin N. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderground burning of coal seams accompanied by release of gases leads to development of local thermal ecosystems. We investigated the microbial community of the ground heated to 72°C in the release area of hot gases resulting from underground combustion of coal mining waste at the Bungurskiy-Severny coal deposit in the Kemerovo region of Russia. Analysis of the composition of the microbial community by 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed predominance of thermophilic bacteria of the phylaDeinococcus-Thermus,Aquificae, andFirmicutes. As a result of metagenomic analysis, 18 genomes of the main members of the microbial community were assembled, including the complete genomes ofHydrogenobacter thermophiles, a member of the candidate genus UBA11096 of the phylumAquificae(RBS10-58),Thermoflexus hugenholtzii, andThermus antranikianii. Analysis of the RBS10-58 genome indicates that this bacterium can autotrophically fix carbon in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and obtain energy via oxidation of hydrogen and sulfur compounds with oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptors. Genome analysis of the two dominantFirmicutesspecies,Hydrogenibacillus schlegeliiand an uncultured member of the classThermaerobacteria, showed that these bacteria could grow aerobically by oxidizing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Overall, the community was dominated by aerobic bacteria capable of growing autotrophically and obtaining energy via oxidation of the main components of coal gases, hydrogen and carbon monoxide.Thermus antranikianii, which makes up about a half of the microbial community, probably uses organic matter produced by autotrophic members ofFirmicutesandAquificae.
Ultrasonic and Eddy-Current Fatigue Monitoring of Austenitic Steel Welded Joints
Authors: Gonchar A. V. , Klyushnikov V. A. , Mishakin V. V. , Anosov M. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigated the process of fatigue damage in welded joints made of austenitic steel by ultrasonic and eddy current types of testing. The development of an inhomogeneity in the distribution of the acoustic anisotropy parameter in the heat-affected zone and in the base material was studied. As a result of eddy current testing, the difference in the intensity of changes in the phase composition in the heat-affected zone and in the base material is shown. A linear relationship is obtained between the amplitude of the cycle deformation under regular loading in the low-cycle fatigue region and the critical value of the percentage of the magnetic phase in the base material. A method is proposed for assessing the fatigue damage to the material of welded joints in the heat-affected zone based on the results of eddy current testing.
Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Negeri Zelalem F , Levis Brooke , Sun Ying , He Chen , Krishnan Ankur , Wu Yin , Bhandari Parash Mani , Neupane Dipika , Brehaut Eliana , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo update a previous individual participant data meta-analysis and determine the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the most commonly used depression screening tool in general practice, for detecting major depression overall and by study or participant subgroups.DesignSystematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Medline In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid, PsycINFO, Web of Science searched through 9 May 2018.Review methodsEligible studies administered the PHQ-9 and classified current major depression status using a validated semistructured diagnostic interview (designed for clinician administration), fully structured interview (designed for lay administration), or the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; a brief interview designed for lay administration). A bivariate random effects meta-analytic model was used to obtain point and interval estimates of pooled PHQ-9 sensitivity and specificity at cut-off values 5-15, separately, among studies that used semistructured diagnostic interviews (eg, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), fully structured interviews (eg, Composite International Diagnostic Interview), and the MINI. Meta-regression was used to investigate whether PHQ-9 accuracy correlated with reference standard categories and participant characteristics.ResultsData from 44 503 total participants (27 146 additional from the update) were obtained from 100 of 127 eligible studies (42 additional studies; 79% eligible studies; 86% eligible participants). Among studies with a semistructured interview reference standard, pooled PHQ-9 sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) at the standard cut-off value of ≥10, which maximised combined sensitivity and specificity, were 0.85 (0.79 to 0.89) and 0.85 (0.82 to 0.87), respectively. Specificity was similar across reference standards, but sensitivity in studies with semistructured interviews was 7-24% (median 21%) higher than with fully structured reference standards and 2-14% (median 11%) higher than with the MINI across cut-off values. Across reference standards and cut-off values, specificity was 0-10% (median 3%) higher for men and 0-12 (median 5%) higher for people aged 60 or older.ConclusionsResearchers and clinicians could use results to determine outcomes, such as total number of positive screens and false positive screens, at different PHQ-9 cut-off values for different clinical settings using the knowledge translation tool atwww.depressionscreening100.com/phq.Study registrationPROSPERO CRD42014010673.
Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis among young adults in Egypt
Authors: Tomah Shaheen , Hamdy Osama , Abuelmagd Megahed M , Hassan Attia H , Alkhouri Naim , Al-Badri Marwa R , Gardner Hannah , Eldib Ahmed H , Eid Elsayed A 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveLimited literature has examined the epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis among young adults in Egypt, a country with one of the highest obesity rates globally. We assessed the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis among college students in Egypt.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited students unaware of having fatty liver via a call-for-participation at a private university in the Dakahlia governorate of Egypt. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of steatosis as determined by the controlled attenuation parameter component of transient elastography and fibrosis as determined by the liver stiffness measurement component of transient elastography. Secondary outcomes were clinical parameters and socioeconomic factors associated with the presence and severity of steatosis and fibrosis.ResultsOf 132 participants evaluated for the study, 120 (91%) were included (median (IQR) age, 20 (19–21) years; 65 (54.2%) female). A total of 38 participants (31.6%) had steatosis, among whom 22 (57.9%) had S3 (severe) steatosis. There was a higher risk for steatosis in persons with overweight (adjusted OR 9.67, 95% CI (2.94 to 31.7, p<0.0001) and obesity (adjusted OR 13.87, 95% CI 4.41 to 43.6, p<0.0001) compared with lean persons. Moreover, higher level of parental education was associated with progressing steatosis stages (S1–S3). Six (5%) participants had transient elastography values equivalent to F2–F3 fibrosis (four with F2 fibrosis (≥7.9 kPa), and two with F3 fibrosis (≥8.8 kPa)).ConclusionIn this cohort of college students in Egypt, around 1 in 3 had steatosis, and 1 in 20 had moderate-to-advanced fibrosis, an established risk factor for hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. These data underscore the urgency to address the silent epidemic of NAFLD among young adults in the Middle East-North Africa region.
Intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for a cohort study using data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort and Danish health registers
Authors: Soussi Bolette Gylden , Bork Christian Sørensen , Kristensen Salome , Lundbye-Christensen Søren , Duch Kirsten , Cordtz René Lindholm , Christensen Jeppe Hagstrup , Schmidt Erik Berg , Dreyer Lene 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with multifactorial aetiology. Smoking is a well-established lifestyle risk factor, but diet may also have an impact on the risk of RA. Intake of the major marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been hypothesised to lower the risk of RA due to their anti-inflammatory effects, although based on limited knowledge. Therefore, we aim to investigate the associations between dietary intake of EPA and DHA and the risk of incident RA.Methods and analysisA cohort study. The follow-up design will be based on data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, which was established between 1993 and 1997. The participants will be followed through record linkage using nationwide registers including the Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry using the unique Civil Personal Registration number. Time-to-event analyses will be conducted with RA as the outcome of interest. The participants will be followed from inclusion until date of RA diagnosis, death, emigration or end of follow-up. HRs with 95% CIs obtained using Cox proportional hazard regression models, with age as underlying time scale and adjustment for established and potential risk factors, will be used as measures of association.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Data Protection Committee of Northern Jutland, Denmark (2019-87) and the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20190031). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences.
Relationship between anaemia, coagulation parameters during pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage at childbirth: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nair Manisha , Chhabra Shakuntala , Choudhury Saswati Sanyal , Deka Dipika , Deka Gitanjali , Kakoty Swapna D , Kumar Pramod , Mahanta Pranabika , Medhi Robin , Rani Anjali , Rao Seeresha , Roy Indrani , Solomi V Carolin , Talukdar Ratna Kanta , Zahir Farzana , Kansal Nimmi , Arora Anil , Opondo Charles , Armitage Jane , Laffan Michael , Stanworth Simon , Quigley Maria , Baigent Colin , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jennifer J 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between coagulation parameters and severity of anaemia (moderate anaemia: haemoglobin (Hb) 7–9.9 g/dL and severe anaemia: Hb <7 g/dL) during pregnancy and relate these to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at childbirth.DesignA prospective cohort study of pregnant women recruited in the third trimester and followed-up after childbirth.SettingTen hospitals across four states in India.Participants1342 pregnant women.InterventionNot applicable.MethodsHb and coagulation parameters: fibrinogen, D-dimer, D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio, platelets and international normalised ratio (INR) were measured at baseline. Participants were followed-up to measure blood loss within 2 hours after childbirth and PPH was defined based on blood loss and clinical assessment. Associations between coagulation parameters, Hb, anaemia and PPH were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.Outcomes measuresAdjusted OR with 95% CI.ResultsIn women with severe anaemia during the third trimester, the D-dimer was 27% higher, mean fibrinogen 117 mg/dL lower, D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio 69% higher and INR 12% higher compared with women with no/mild anaemia. Mean platelets in severe anaemia was 37.8×109/L lower compared with women with moderate anaemia. Similar relationships with smaller effect sizes were identified for women with moderate anaemia compared with women with no/mild anaemia. Low Hb and high INR at third trimester of pregnancy independently increased the odds of PPH at childbirth, but the other coagulation parameters were not found to be significantly associated with PPH.ConclusionAltered blood coagulation profile in pregnant women with severe anaemia could be a risk factor for PPH and requires further evaluation.
Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities (ORCHiD): methodology for a population-based study of black, Hispanic and white patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Akinyemiju Tomi , Deveaux April , Wilson Lauren , Gupta Anjali , Joshi Ashwini , Bevel Malcolm , Omeogu Chioma , Ohamadike Onyinye , Huang Bin , Pisu Maria , Liang Margaret , McFatrich Molly , Daniell Erin , Fish Laura Jane , Ward Kevin , Schymura Maria , Berchuck Andrew , Potosky Arnold L 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionLess than 40% of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) in the USA receive stage-appropriate guideline-adherent surgery and chemotherapy. Black patients with cancer report greater depression, pain and fatigue than white patients. Lack of access to healthcare likely contributes to low treatment rates and racial differences in outcomes. The Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities study aims to characterise healthcare access (HCA) across five specific dimensions—Availability, Affordability, Accessibility, Accommodation and Acceptability—among black, Hispanic and white patients with OC, evaluate the impact of HCA on quality of treatment, supportive care and survival, and explore biological mechanisms that may contribute to OC disparities.Methods and analysisWe will use the Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results dataset linked with Medicare claims data from 9744 patients with OC ages 65 years and older. We will recruit 1641 patients with OC (413 black, 299 Hispanic and 929 white) from cancer registries in nine US states. We will examine HCA dimensions in relation to three main outcomes: (1) receipt of quality, guideline adherent initial treatment and supportive care, (2) quality of life based on patient-reported outcomes and (3) survival. We will obtain saliva and vaginal microbiome samples to examine prognostic biomarkers. We will use hierarchical regression models to estimate the impact of HCA dimensions across patient, neighbourhood, provider and hospital levels, with random effects to account for clustering. Multilevel structural equation models will estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of race on treatment mediated through HCA dimensions.Ethics and disseminationResult dissemination will occur through presentations at national meetings and in collaboration with collaborators, community partners and colleagues across othercancer centres. We will disclose findings to key stakeholders, including scientists, providers and community members. This study has been approved by the Duke Institutional Review Board (Pro00101872). Safety considerations include protection of patient privacy. All disseminated data will be deidentified and summarised.
The impact of a time target on older patients attending the emergency department
Authors: Mason Sue 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe 4 h emergency standard for English acute trusts was introduced in 2003 and became full established by 2008 at 98% for all Emergency Department (ED) patients to be seen and discharged. This study examined the impact of the target for older patients attending departments.MethodsRoutine patient level data was received from 15 English EDs representing 774 095 individual patient attendances during May and June for 2003 to 2006. The data were used to determine the distribution of the total time spent in the EDs. Attendances were compared for older patients (65 years and above) with younger age groups.ResultsA total of 145 596 attendances were for patients aged 65+ years (18.9%). Across each year analysed, these older patients have a significantly longer median total time in the ED than those younger than 65 years (162 min vs 103 min, p<0.001). In addition, older patients are significantly more likely to leave the emergency department in the last 20 min prior to 4 h (12.4% vs 5.2% in those <65 years, p<0.001). This proportion is growing year on year in both the admitted and discharged categories of patients. Finally, older patients are significantly more likely to breach the 4-h than their younger counterparts (16.6% vs 6.3%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThere are some unintended consequences of introducing the 4 h target in UK emergency departments. While the target has reduced overall time in departments, the older patient appears to be disadvantaged relative to younger patients. Older patients are more likely to be ‘rushed through’ to other unmonitored areas of the hospital just prior to the target or to breach the target altogether. This finding calls in to question the benefits that the target is conveying for individual patients, and especially the most vulnerable in society.