bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural strategies to self‐manage low‐potassium diets in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Morris Andrew , Lycett Deborah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary potassium restrictions may be challenging to follow, due in part to the restrictive nature of recommendations on foods people enjoy. Little is known how people incorporate low‐potassium diets into their lifestyles.ObjectiveTo examine the self‐directed behavioural strategies people employ to follow low‐potassium advice.DesignQualitative methodology.ParticipantsThirty‐four adults with chronic kidney disease.ApproachSemistructured interviews were undertaken in an outpatient department. Thematic analysis was undertaken on transcribed interviews.FindingsAnalysis identified three themes: 'Differing opinions of food'; 'Food generates positive emotions'; and 'Doing what works'. Participants described foods providing different levels of enjoyment. Favourite foods in their habitual diet held either a physiological or a psychological value to them. Five subthemes underpinned the 'Doing what works' theme that described the self‐management behaviours used by participants to follow low‐potassium dietary advice. These were positive reframing; reflection; self‐talk; social support; decisional balance; paradoxical instruction; and knowledge shaping. These techniques helped overcome the conflict between favourite food preferences and dietary restrictions. Dietary restrictions proved more challenging where an emotional connection to a favourite food existed. Restrictions on less preferred foods did not present participants with the same self‐management challenges.ConclusionsPromoting behavioural change techniques such as decisional balance, and social support may be a useful strategy to empower people following dietary restrictions. Practitioners should understand whether suggested dietary restrictions include an individual's favourite food; the value attached to it, and explore specific ways to include favourite foods in some way when discussing a low‐potassium diet.
Rational conjectures and evolutionary beliefs in public goods games
Authors: McGinty Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper applies conjectural variations (CVs) to a model of public good provision and shows that CVs are superior to Nash beliefs. In addition to imposing consistency, as Bresnahan, I show that consistent conjectures (CCs) are obtained from individual payoff maximization. CCs emerge as the unique subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (NE) in a two‐stage game in which beliefs are chosen in Stage 1 and quantities in Stage 2. There is an individual payoff advantage to non‐Nash behavior, generating a Prisoner's Dilemma in conjectures in addition to the usual free‐rider problem associated with public goods. The correct and payoff maximizing conjecture is the unique equilibrium in an evolutionary framework against a player with Nash conjectures. The consistent conjecture equilibrium is the unique evolutionary equilibrium when both players conjectures evolve. Hence, the NE prediction is too optimistic when players have rational conjectures.
Survival rate and potential risk indicators of implant loss in non‐smokers and systemically healthy periodontitis patients: An up to 9‐year retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Fan Yadan , Lin Zhikai , Song Zhongchen , Shu Rong , Xie Yufeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) have received implant restoration. However, very few studies have evaluated the probable risk indicators of implant loss in patients with CP.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate implant long‐term survival rates in patients with CP. The results are analyzed to discern potential risk indicators of implant loss.MethodsA total of 1549 implants were inserted in 827 non‐smokers and systemically healthy CP patients between March 2011 and March 2019. Clinical variables (age; sex; implant location; implant diameter; implant length; implant type; bone quality; bone graft, periodontal disease status, and insertion torque) were recorded. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves illustrated the cumulative survival rate. The relationship between variables and implant loss was discerned by univariate analysis. Further multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out for the variables with P < 0.2.ResultsThe cumulative survival rates were 98.8% after 3 months, 97.9% after 6 months, 97.7% after 1 year, and 97.4% after 2 to 9 years. After adjusting possible confounders, the multivariable Cox regression model revealed statistically significant influences of implant location, history of bone graft, and insertion torque on implant loss. Implants with history of bone graft were more likely to loss. Implants inserted in the anterior area had a higher implant loss risk; insertion torque of <15 Newton‐centimeter (Ncm) showed a relatively high risk of being lost.ConclusionsThe study represented public hospital insight into long‐term implant results of patients with CP. Under the premise of strict periodontal control, patients with the history of CP exhibited relatively high implant survival rate. Anterior implant location, history of bone graft, and insertion torque <15 Ncm are associated with a lower implant survival rate and could be considered at a higher risk of implant failure in patients with CP.
Frequency of respiratory pathogens and SARS‐CoV‐2 in canine and feline samples submitted for respiratory testing in early 2020
Authors: Michael H. T. , Waterhouse T. , Estrada M. , Seguin M. A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThe emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has necessitated evaluation of the potential for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in dogs and cats. Using a large data set, we evaluated the frequency of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory pathogens in samples submitted for respiratory testing from mid‐February to mid‐April 2020.Materials and MethodsA SARS‐CoV‐2 real‐time PCR was developed and validated. A subset of canine and feline samples submitted for respiratory pathogen panel testing to reference laboratories in Asia, Europe, and North America were also tested for SARS‐CoV‐2. The frequency of respiratory pathogens was compared for the February–April period of 2020 and 2019.ResultsSamples from 4616 patients were included in the study and 44% of canine and 69% of feline samples were PCR positive with Mycoplasma cynos and Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma felis and feline calicivirus, respectively. No SARS‐CoV‐2 infections were identified. Positive results for respiratory samples were similar between years.Clinical SignificanceThe data in this study suggest that during the emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in early 2020, respiratory diseases in tested pet cats and dogs were caused by common veterinary pathogens and that SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in dogs and cats are rare.
Assessment of postprandial hyperglycemia and circadian fluctuation of glucose concentrations in diabetic dogs using a flash glucose monitoring system
Authors: Shea Emily K. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) and circadian glucose concentration fluctuations recorded in the home environment of dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been reported.ObjectivesTo determine if a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre) can detect PPH and circadian fluctuations in glucose concentrations in dogs with variably controlled DM.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned dogs with DM.MethodsProspective observational study. Interstitial glucose (IG) concentrations measured by the FGMS during a 13‐day study period were analyzed.ResultsA total of 17, 446 FGMS IG concentrations were analyzed. For all dogs analyzed together, median IG concentration measured within 30 (288 mg/dL), 60 (286 mg/dL), 90 (285 mg/dL), and 120 (285 mg/dL) minutes of meals was each significantly higher than the median IG concentration at all other times (260 mg/dL, 259 mg/dL, 258 mg/dL, and 257 mg/dL, respectively; range, 40‐500 mg/dL;P < .001 for each). Median night‐time IG concentration measured from all dogs on 3,547 samples recorded between 1:00 am and 6:00 am (268 mg/dL; range, 40‐500 mg/dL) was significantly higher than median IG measured on 13, 899 samples at all other time points (259 mg/dL; range, 40‐500 mg/dL;P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe FGMS can be used for future studies of PPH and circadian fluctuations of glucose concentrations in dogs with DM in their home environment.
Nonparallel transcriptional divergence during parallel adaptation
Authors: Fischer Eva K. , Song Youngseok , Hughes Kimberly A. , Zhou Wen , Hoke Kim L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow underlying mechanisms bias evolution toward predictable outcomes remains an area of active debate. In this study, we leveraged phenotypic plasticity and parallel adaptation across independent lineages of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to assess the predictability of gene expression evolution during parallel adaptation. Trinidadian guppies have repeatedly and independently adapted to high‐ and low‐predation environments in the wild. We combined this natural experiment with a laboratory breeding design to attribute transcriptional variation to the genetic influences of population of origin and developmental plasticity in response to rearing with or without predators. We observed substantial gene expression plasticity, as well as the evolution of expression plasticity itself, across populations. Genes exhibiting expression plasticity within populations were more likely to also differ in expression between populations, with the direction of population differences more likely to be opposite those of plasticity. While we found more overlap than expected by chance in genes differentially expressed between high‐ and low‐predation populations from distinct evolutionary lineages, the majority of differentially expressed genes were not shared between lineages. Our data suggest alternative transcriptional configurations associated with shared phenotypes, highlighting a role for transcriptional flexibility in the parallel phenotypic evolution of a species known for rapid adaptation.
Implementation of ABCDEF care bundle in intensive care units: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Liang Surui , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Li Shunling , Gao Mingrong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelirium affects up to 80% of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with higher mortality, physical dependence, and health care costs. The 2018 pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep guideline recommended ABCDEF care bundle for delirium prevention and management. However, limited information is available regarding the adoption of the care bundle in ICUs in Mainland China.Aims and objectivesTo assess the current implementation of the ABCDEF care bundle for delirium prevention as reported by ICU nurses in Mainland China.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey using a validated questionnaire about the practices of the ABCDEF care bundle was conducted among 334 registered nurses in 167 ICUs of 65 cities in Mainland China.ResultsAlmost 50% of the sampled ICU nurses were unaware of the ABCDEF care bundle, though 86.83% of the surveyed ICUs implemented pain assessments and 95.51% implemented sedation assessments. Nearly half (46.41%) of the surveyed ICUs performed routine spontaneous awaking trials, with 21.26% performing them daily. Spontaneous breathing trials were performed in 38.32% of the surveyed ICUs. Only 47% of the surveyed ICUs routinely monitored patients for delirium. About one‐third (38.35%) of the surveyed ICUs were supported by specialist teams that implemented the mobilization programmes. Most ICUs restricted the duration of family visits per day (<0.5 hour: 61.67%; 0.5‐2 hours: 23.65%; >2 hours: 3.29%) and only 28.14% of the surveyed ICUs employed dedicated staff to support the families.ConclusionsAlthough most of the surveyed ICUs implemented pain and sedation assessments, many of them did not implement structured delirium assessments. Early mobilization programmes and family participation should be encouraged.Relevance to clinical practicePromoting the uses of a reliable delirium assessment tool such as Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit patients, building an early mobilization team, and engaging family caregivers in the care plan may contribute to improved patients' clinical outcomes.
Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion (ACAF) vs Posterior Laminoplasty for Multilevel Severe Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Retrospective Study Based on a Two‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Kong Qing‐jie , Luo Xi , Tan Ying , Sun Jing‐chuan , Wang Yuan , Tan Lei , Shi Jian‐gang 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes of anterior controllable antedisplacement fusion (ACAF), a new surgical technique, with laminoplasty for the treatment of multilevel severe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) based on a 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsClinical data of 53 patients (21 by ACAF and 32 by laminoplasty) who have accepted surgery for treatment of cervical myelopathy caused by multilevel severe OPLL (occupying rate ≥ 50%) from March 2015 to March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and compared between ACAF group and laminoplasty group. Operative time, blood loss, and complications of the two groups were recorded. Radiographic parameters were evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively: cervical lordosis on X‐ray, space available for the cord (SAC) and the occupying ratio (OR) on computed tomography (CT), and the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the spinal cord at the narrowest level and the spinal cord curvature on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring was used to evaluate neurologic recovery. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the differences between two groups. The Mann–Whitney U test and chi square test were used to compare categorical variables. unpaired t test was used to compare continuous data.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 24 months. The operative time was longer in ACAF group (286.5 vs 178.2 min, P < 0.05). The blood loss showed no significant difference (291.6 vs 318.3 mL, P > 0.05). Less complications were observed in ACAF group than in laminoplasty group (one case [4.7%] of C5 palsy and one case [4.7%] of cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leakage in ACAF group; four cases [12.5%] of C5 palsy, two cases [6.3%] of CSF leakage, and four cases [12.5%] of axial symptoms in laminoplasty group). The mean JOA score at last follow‐up (14.6 vs 12.8, P < 0.05) and the improvement rate (IR) (63.8% vs 47.8%, P < 0.05) in ACAF group were superior to those in laminoplasty group significantly. The postoperative OR (16.7% vs 40.9%, P < 0.05), SAC (150.8 vs 110.5 mm2, P < 0.05), AP spinal cord diameter (5.5 vs 4.2 mm, P < 0.05), and cervical lordosis (12.7° vs 4.7°, P < 0.05) were improved more considerably in ACAF group, with significant differences between two groups. Notably, the spinal cord on MRI showed a better curvature in ACAF group.ConclusionsThis study showed that ACAF is considered superior to laminoplasty for the treatment of multilevel severe OPLL as anterior direct decompression and better curvature of the spinal cord led to satisfactory neurologic outcomes and low complication rate.
Pulsed Radiofrequency of Pudendal Nerve for Treatment in Patients with Pudendal Neuralgia. A Case Series with Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Krijnen Eva A. , Schweitzer Karlijn J. , van Wijck Albert J. M. , Withagen Mariella I. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPudendal neuralgia (PN) is an impairing neuropathic disorder, affecting both men and women, involving a severe burning and sharp pain along the course of the pudendal nerve. Treatment is often insufficient, and options are limited. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a technique which might be useful in therapy. This case series aims to determine the effectiveness of PRF in patients with PN in the context of evaluation of care. Between 2010 and 2016, all female patients of University Medical Center Utrecht diagnosed with PN who experience insufficient pain relief after common treatment were offered PRF. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) scores were assessed at 3‐month follow‐up and at long‐term follow‐up (median 4 years). PGI‐I scores were recorded to evaluate our quality of care. Twenty patients with PN consented to undergo PRF. We lost one patient in follow‐up. Seventy‐nine percent of the patients described their condition as “(very) much better” at 3‐month follow‐up. At long‐term follow‐up, 89% of the patients described their condition as “(very) much better.” No serious side effects were observed. In conclusion, PRF is a successful treatment option in patients not responding to standard treatment options, including pudendal nerve blocks. PRF of the pudendal nerve can be used for PN to provide relief in patients’ chronic pelvic pain.
Self‐transcendence among adults 65 years and older: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Haugan Gørill , Deliktaş Demirci Ayşe , Kabukcuoglu Kamile , Aune Ingvild 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐transcendence is a human capacity for wellbeing by expanding one's personal boundaries and may act as a health‐promoting resource among adults ≥65 years. Therefore, the objectives of this meta‐analysis were to determine the mean score of self‐transcendence based on place of residence and gender, and to evaluate the correlations of self‐transcendence with meaning, sense of coherence, resilience and depression.MethodsBased on inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. Orwin Safe N and Egger's test assessed publication bias. The mean score of self‐transcendence and the correlation coefficients of the selected variables were estimated by random effects models.ResultsThe self‐transcendence mean score (n = 1634) was low (M = 43.6) and a bit lower among those staying in care facilities (M = 42.8), but did not vary significantly across gender. The correlation coefficients were self‐transcendence_depression (r = −0.40), self‐transcendence_meaning‐in‐life (r = 0.53), self‐transcendence_resilience (r = 0.50) and self‐transcendence_sense of coherence (r = 0.28). The correlation coefficients, except for meaning‐in‐life, were homogeneous.ConclusionIn a health‐promoting perspective, the concept of self‐transcendence can help to better understand wellbeing among older individuals and provide guidance for health professionals in facilitating wellbeing and health. The concept and theory of self‐transcendence can inspire health professionals in realising new health‐promoting approaches to support older individuals in maintaining health, wellbeing and independency.
Newly graduated nurses’ evaluation of the received orientation and their perceptions of the clinical environment: An intervention study
Authors: Lindfors Kirsi , Kaunonen Marja , Huhtala Heini , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundNew graduate nurses (NGN) are the future of healthcare organizations where a shortage of nurses will soon be reality. The transition from a student to a registered nurse can be a demanding and challenging time, and in order to retain new graduate nurses, the transition should be as smooth as possible.AimThe aim of this study was to examine preceptors’ education intervention’s impact on NGNs’ orientation period and their clinical learning environment from NGNs’ point of view.Material and MethodsThis survey was a part of a longitudinal quasi‐experimental intervention study. Participating units were randomized into intervention group and control group. The intervention group’s preceptors (n=174)were provided a face‐to‐face education about orientation.ResultsNGNs (n=72) were relatively satisfied with the received orientation. However, intervention group was more discontented with their orientation experiences than the control group. The control group’s NGNs had longer orientation periods and more feedback discussions. They were also more satisfied with their preceptor’s orientation skills and their working environment was more responsive.DiscussionEven though the impact of the intervention was inconclusive, this study provided us important information about NGNs’ first steps towards the nursing profession by giving us clear improvement targets. We need a culture of feedback, individualized orientation and understanding that orientation should be our common interest. Investing in orientation is investing for the future.ConclusionThis study indicated that the increase in knowledge did not translate into everyday practice. This finding will hopefully give rise to discussion within organizations on how to utilize employees’ gained knowledge more effectively.
A cross‐sectional study of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) on horse farms to assess the risk factors associated with tick‐borne diseases
Authors: Kamran Kashif , Ali Abid , Villagra Cristian , Siddiqui Saima , Alouffi Abdulaziz S. , Iqbal Asim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZoonotic diseases are significant public health issues. There is an urgent need to focus our efforts on the development of strategies that prevent and control potential arthropod vector‐borne pathogens. Hard ticks transmit a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens to their vertebrate hosts. This is becoming of more concern, as anthropogenic alterations of the environment may unleash the spread of tick‐borne diseases throughout the world. Developing countries that are highly dependent on the livestock economy are a hot spot for tick‐borne infectious diseases. In this work, through a cross‐sectional approach that included a bibliographic survey, field collection and epidemiological questionnaire, we identified five tick species that were found to parasitize equines and transmit tick‐borne pathogens. Our data revealed a gap in fundamental knowledge of ticks and tick‐borne infectious diseases among equine breeders and owners. This article highlights the relevant risk factors that were found and the urgent actions that are needed to prevent the wide spread of hard ticks and their associated zoonotic diseases.
THE BIBLICAL ROOTS OF LOCKE'S THEORY OF PERSONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Lucci Diego 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocke's consciousness‐based theory of personal identity resulted not only from his agnosticism on substance, but also from his biblical theology. This theory was intended to complement and sustain Locke's moral and theological commitments to a system of otherworldly rewards and sanctions as revealed in Scripture. Moreover, he inferred mortalist ideas from the Bible, rejecting the resurrection of the same body and maintaining that the soul dies at physical death and will be resurrected by divine miracle. Accordingly, personal identity is neither in the soul, nor in the body, nor in a union of soul and body. To Locke, personal identity is in consciousness, which, extending “backwards to any past Action or Thought,” enables the self, both in this life and upon resurrection for the Last Judgment, to recognize that “it is the sameselfnow it was then; and ‘tis by the sameselfwith this present one that now reflects on it, that that Action was done” (EssayII.xxvii.9).