bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In patients with thoracic aortic graft infection, is graft explantation and replacement superior toin situgraft preservation?
Authors: Poon Shi Sum , George Joseph , Kumar Pankaj , Field Mark 
Published: July 2021

SummaryA best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether graft explantation and replacement are superior to graft preservation in patients with thoracic aortic graft infections. Altogether, more than 487 papers were found using the reported search; of these, 7 comparative studies represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers were tabulated. Although thoracic aortic graft infection is uncommon following cardiac surgery, it still carries a significant risk of in-hospital mortality and poor long-term survival. Current findings in the literature are limited to retrospective cohort studies with relatively small sample sizes; also, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials on this topic. There was significant heterogeneity in patient groups and variation in surgical techniques across centres. In this context, a graft-sparing approach may be a safe therapy with comparable early mortality and late survival outcomes in carefully selected patients. The selection may include the absence of graft pseudoaneurysm, anastomotic leak and fistula; the presence of indolent infection in patients with poor clinical conditions; and significant frailty and comorbidities where the risks of surgical explantation exceed the benefits. The rate of reinfection is low following both graft replacement and the graft-sparing approach. Moreover, the use of a tissue flap improves the surgical outcomes.
Noncommutative Tensor Triangular Geometry and the Tensor Product Property for Support Maps
Authors: Nakano Daniel K , Vashaw Kent B , Yakimov Milen T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem of whether the cohomological support map of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra has the tensor product property has attracted a lot of attention following the earlier developments on representations of finite group schemes. Many authors have focused on concrete situations where positive and negative results have been obtained by direct arguments. In this paper we demonstrate that it is natural to study questions involving the tensor product property in the broader setting of a monoidal triangulated category. We give an intrinsic characterization by proving that the tensor product property for the universal support datum is equivalent to complete primeness of the categorical spectrum. From these results one obtains information for other support data, including the cohomological one. Two theorems are proved giving compete primeness and non-complete primeness in certain general settings. As an illustration of the methods, we give a proof of a recent conjecture of Negron and Pevtsova on the tensor product property for the cohomological support maps for the small quantum Borel algebras for all complex simple Lie algebras.
Evaluating Real-World National and Regional Trends in Definitive Closure in U.S. Burn Care: A Survey of U.S. Burn Centers
Authors: Carter Jeffrey E , Amani Hamed , Carter Damien , Foster Kevin N , Griswold John A , Hickerson William L , Holmes James H , Jones Samuel , Khandelwal Anjay , Kopari Nicole , Litt Jeffrey S , Savetamal Alisa , Shupp Jeffrey W , Sood Rajiv , Ferrufino Cheryl P , Vadagam Pratyusha , Kowal Stacey , Walsh Tom , Sparks Jeremiah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To better understand trends in burn treatment patterns related to definitive closure, this study sought to benchmark real-world survey data with national data contained within the National Burn Repository version 8.0 (NBR v8.0) across key burn center practice patterns, resource utilization, and clinical outcomes. A survey, administered to a representative sample of U.S. burn surgeons, collected information across several domains: burn center characteristics, patient characteristics including number of patients and burn size and depth, aggregate number of procedures, resource use such as autograft procedure time and dressing changes, and costs. Survey findings were aggregated by key outcomes (number of procedures, costs) nationally and regionally. Aggregated burn center data were also compared to the NBR to identify trends relative to current treatment patterns. Benchmarking survey results against the NBR v8.0 demonstrated shifts in burn center patient mix, with more severe cases being seen in the inpatient setting and less severe burns moving to the outpatient setting. An overall reduction in the number of autograft procedures was observed compared to NBR v8.0, and time efficiencies improved as the intervention time per TBSA decreases as TBSA increases. Both nationally and regionally, an increase in costs was observed. The results suggest resource use estimates from NBR v8.0 may be higher than current practices, thus highlighting the importance of improved and timely NBR reporting and further research on burn center standard of care practices. This study demonstrates significant variations in burn center characteristics, practice patterns, and resource utilization, thus increasing our understanding of burn center operations and behavior.
The Effect of a Recreational Therapy Program on the Pain Anxiety and Quality of Life of Patients With Burn Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Froutan Razieh , Saberi Abolfazl , Ahmadabadi Ali , Mazlom Seyed Reza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pain anxiety and dysfunction are among the most prevalent complications of burns, impacting the quality of life (QOL) of patients with burn injuries. As a nonpharmaceutical approach, recreational therapy can be effective in reducing the complications of burns. This study aimed to examine the effect of a recreational therapy program on the pain anxiety and QOL of patients with burn injuries. This controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 58 patients admitted to the burn center of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. These patients were randomly allocated to the intervention and control group. The intervention group received a recreational therapy program three sessions a week, for 2 weeks. The control group performed routine daily activities. As the main variable of the study, the Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale and Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief were completed for both groups before and 2 weeks after the intervention. After controlling confounders, the pain anxiety score in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .002). The total QOL score was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P = .001). In addition, the intervention significantly increased the scores of QOL in the physical (P &lt; .001), emotional (P = .009), and social (P &lt; .001) dimensions. As it reduces pain anxiety and promotes the QOL of patients with burn injuries, this recreational therapy program is recommended for promoting the mental health and QOL of these patients.
Human-Mediated Admixture and Selection Shape the Diversity on the Modern Swine (Sus scrofa) Y Chromosomes
Authors: Ai Huashui , Zhang Mingpeng , Yang Bin , Goldberg Amy , Li Wanbo , Ma Junwu , Brandt Debora , Zhang Zhiyan , Nielsen Rasmus , Huang Lusheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Throughout its distribution across Eurasia, domestic pig (Sus scrofa) populations have acquired differences through natural and artificial selection, and have often interbred. We resequenced 80 Eurasian pigs from nine different Asian and European breeds; we identify 42,288 reliable SNPs on the Y chromosome in a panel of 103 males, among which 96.1% are newly detected. Based on these new data, we elucidate the evolutionary history of pigs through the lens of the Y chromosome. We identify two highly divergent haplogroups: one present only in Asia and one fixed in Europe but present in some Asian populations. Analyzing the European haplotypes present in Asian populations, we find evidence of three independent waves of introgression from Europe to Asia in last 200 years, agreeing well with the literature and historical records. The diverse European lineages were brought in China by humans and left significant imprints not only on the autosomes but also on the Y chromosome of geographically and genetically distinct Chinese pig breeds. We also find a general excess of European ancestry on Y chromosomes relative to autosomes in Chinese pigs, an observation that cannot be explained solely by sex-biased migration and genetic drift. The European Y haplotype is associated with leaner meat production, and we hypothesize that the European Y chromosome increased in frequency in Chinese populations due to artificial selection. We find evidence of Y chromosomal gene flow between Sumatran wild boar and Chinese pigs. Our results demonstrate how human-mediated admixture and selection shaped the distribution of modern swine Y chromosomes.
Under attack: Terrorism and international trade in France, 2014–2016
Authors: Nitsch Volker , Rabaud Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Terrorist events typically vary along many dimensions, making it difficult to identify their economic effects. This paper analyses the impact of terrorism on international trade by examining a series of three large-scale terrorist incidents in France over the period from January 2015 to July 2016. Using firm-level data at monthly frequency, we document an immediate and lasting decline in cross-border trade after a mass terrorist attack. According to our estimates, France’s trade in goods, which accounts for about 70% of the country’s trade in goods and services, is reduced by more than 6 billion euros in the first 6 months after an attack. The reduction in trade mainly takes place along the intensive margin, with particularly strong effects for partner countries with low border barriers to France, for firms with less frequent trade activities and for homogeneous products. A possible explanation for these patterns is an increase in trade costs due to stricter security measures.
Fixing capitalism’s good jobs problem
Authors: Rodrik Dani , Stantcheva Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConventional welfare state policies that centre on education, training, progressive taxation, and social insurance are inadequate to address labour market polarization, which is capitalism’s most pressing inclusion challenge at present. We propose a strategy aimed directly at the productive sphere of the economy and targeting an increase in the supply of ‘good jobs’. The main elements of this strategy are: (i) active labour market policies linked to employers; (ii) industrial and regional policies directly targeting the creation of good jobs; (iii) innovation policies that incentivize labour-friendly technologies; (iv) international economic policies that facilitate the maintenance of high domestic labour/social standards. These elements are connected both by their objective—expanding the number of good jobs—and by a new approach to regulation that is collaborative and iterative rather than top-down and prescriptive. We emphasize the importance of new institutional arrangements that enable strategic long-term information exchange and cooperation between governments and firms.
Communities, the state, and markets: the case for inclusive localism
Authors: Rajan Raghuram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Opportunities are maximized for all when society’s three pillars, the market, the state, and the community, are balanced. In recent years, technological change and globalization have led to an expansion of the market and the state at the expense of certain communities. The resulting disparities in opportunities have led to widespread dissatisfaction, which can be addressed effectively only by strengthening left-behind communities. New technological solutions combined with policies that encourage inclusive localism are needed to restore the balance to society.
The Small GTPase OsRac1 Forms Two Distinct Immune Receptor Complexes Containing the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit
Authors: Akamatsu Akira , Fujiwara Masayuki , Hamada Satoshi , Wakabayashi Megumi , Yao Ai , Wang Qiong , Kosami Ken-ichi , Dang Thu Thi , Kaneko-Kawano Takako , Fukada Fumi , Shimamoto Ko , Kawano Yoji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plants employ two different types of immune receptors, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), to cope with pathogen invasion. Both immune receptors often share similar downstream components and responses but it remains unknown whether a PRR and an NLR assemble into the same protein complex or two distinct receptor complexes. We have previously found that the small GTPase OsRac1 plays key roles in the signaling of OsCERK1, a PRR for fungal chitin, and of Pit, an NLR for rice blast fungus, and associates directly and indirectly with both of these immune receptors. In this study, using biochemical and bioimaging approaches, we revealed that OsRac1 formed two distinct receptor complexes with OsCERK1 and with Pit. Supporting this result, OsCERK1 and Pit utilized different transport systems for anchorage to the plasma membrane (PM). Activation of OsCERK1 and Pit led to OsRac1 activation and, concomitantly, OsRac1 shifted from a small to a large protein complex fraction. We also found that the chaperone Hsp90 contributed to the proper transport of Pit to the PM and the immune induction of Pit. These findings illuminate how the PRR OsCERK1 and the NLR Pit orchestrate rice immunity through the small GTPase OsRac1.
Brain Asymmetry in Pain Affective Modulation
Authors: Toutain Thaise Graziele L de O , Alba Guzmán , Miranda José Garcia Vivas , Silva do Rosário Raphael , Muñoz Miguel , de Sena Eduardo Pondé 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic brain networks underlying the affective modulation of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral image perception due to painful stimulations in healthy subjects.

Methods
Forty volunteers, 20 men and 20 women, participated in this study. Brain activity was recorded by 64-channel electroencephalography. After data cleaning, brain functional networks were built through the use of the motif synchronization method.

Results
We found that increased cerebral connectivity in the left hemisphere under the pain condition broke the connection symmetry. Both women and men showed homophilic connections (intrahemispheric), but women were more homophilic than men. The pain condition increased homophily in the left hemisphere, and emotions could modulate pain. The frontal, central, and left temporal regions showed homophilic variation, depending on the emotional stimulus.

Conclusions
Pain and emotions altered brain activity. There was increased connectivity and homophily in the left brain hemisphere for the painful experience. The emotions modulated brain activity in the pain condition. Overall, the brain presented homophilic characteristics; homophily changed, depending on emotion or pain. The left brain hemisphere seems to be related to pain processing.
Patients with Clinically Elevated Depressive Symptoms Report Improvements in Mood, Pain, and Functioning Following Participation in Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Craner Julia R , Flegge Lindsay G , Lake Eric S , Perra Arianna E A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Chronic pain and depression frequently co-occur and exacerbate one another; therefore, it is important to treat both conditions to improve patient outcomes. The current study evaluates an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) with respect to the following questions: 1) How do clinically elevated depressive symptoms impact pain-related treatment outcomes? and 2) To what extent does IPRP participation yield reliable and clinically significant change in depressed mood?

Methods
Participants in this study included 425 adults who engaged in a 10-week IPRP and completed self-report measures of pain, mood, and functioning at intake and discharge. Participants were categorized into 4 groups based on self-reported depressive symptoms (PROMIS Depression): within normal limits (WNL; n = 121), Mild (n = 115), Moderate (n = 153), and Severe (n = 36).

Results
Participants reported significant improvement in pain, pain-related life interference, health-related quality of life, pain catastrophizing, and depressed mood regardless of initial symptom level. In addition, 43.4% of patients with Mild, Moderate, or Severe depressed mood reported reliable and clinically significant improvement in depressive symptoms and 30.3% were in remission at the end of treatment.

Conclusions
These findings support the assertion that IPRPs represent an effective treatment for patients with comorbid chronic pain and depression and that participation is associated with improvement in both conditions.
Prenatal acetaminophen use in women with autoimmune disorders and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes
Authors: Killion Jordan A , Chambers Christina , Smith Chelsey J F , Bandoli Gretchen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Most women may have temporary pain for which they use analgesics, but those with autoimmune disorders have chronic pain that may be exacerbated for some during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether prenatal acetaminophen use was associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women with autoimmune disorders.

Methods
Participants were enrolled between 2004 and 2018 in the MotherToBaby cohort study and limited to women with an autoimmune disorder (n = 1821). Self-reported acetaminophen use was characterized over gestation for indication, timing of use and duration. Cumulative acetaminophen use through 20 and 32 weeks was categorized into quintiles, with no acetaminophen use as the reference category. The association between acetaminophen quintile and preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, small for gestational age and preterm birth was examined using adjusted multiple log-linear regression.

Results
Overall, 74% of women reported acetaminophen use during pregnancy. The most often reported indication for using acetaminophen was headache/migraines, followed by pain and injury. Risk of preeclampsia was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.40) times greater for those in the fifth quintile of cumulative acetaminophen use through 20 weeks compared with those with no acetaminophen use. There were no associations with lower use quintiles, nor for the other outcomes.

Conclusion
The highest quintile of cumulative acetaminophen was associated with a modestly increased risk for preeclampsia. Some women with autoimmune conditions have pain throughout pregnancy; clinicians and patients should discuss approaches to best avoid high levels of acetaminophen in their pain management strategies.
Developmental differences in affective representation between prefrontal and subcortical structures
Authors: Mitchell William J , Tepfer Lindsey J , Henninger Nicole M , Perlman Susan B , Murty Vishnu P , Helion Chelsea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDevelopmental studies have identified differences in prefrontal and subcortical affective structures between children and adults, which correspond with observed cognitive and behavioral maturations from relatively simplistic emotional experiences and expressions to more nuanced, complex ones. However, developmental changes in the neural representation of emotions have not yet been well explored. It stands to reason that adults and children may demonstrate observable differences in the representation of affect within key neurological structures implicated in affective cognition. Forty-five participants (25 children and 20 adults) passively viewed positive, negative and neutral clips from popular films while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using representational similarity analysis to measure variability in neural pattern similarity, we found developmental differences between children and adults in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC): children generated less pattern similarity within subcortical structures relative to the vmPFC—a phenomenon not replicated among their older counterparts. Furthermore, children generated valence-specific differences in representational patterns across regions; these valence-specific patterns were not found in adults. These results may suggest that affective representations grow increasingly dissimilar over the course of development as individuals mature from visceral affective responses to more evaluative analyses.
Noninvasive Urine Oxygen Monitoring and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Silverton Natalie A. , Lofgren Lars R. , Hall Isaac E. , Stoddard Gregory J. , Melendez Natalia P. , Van Tienderen Michael , Shumway Spencer , Stringer Bradley J. , Kang Woon-seok , Lybbert Carter , Kuck Kai 
Published: July 2021

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgery. An intraoperative monitor of kidney perfusion is needed to identify patients at risk for AKI. The authors created a noninvasive urinary oximeter that provides continuous measurements of urinary oxygen partial pressure and instantaneous urine flow. They hypothesized that intraoperative urinary oxygen partial pressure measurements are feasible with this prototype device and that low urinary oxygen partial pressure during cardiac surgery is associated with the subsequent development of AKI.

Methods
This was a prospective observational pilot study. Continuous urinary oxygen partial pressure and instantaneous urine flow were measured in 91 patients undergoing cardiac surgery using a novel device placed between the urinary catheter and collecting bag. Data were collected throughout the surgery and for 24 h postoperatively. Clinicians were blinded to the intraoperative urinary oxygen partial pressure and instantaneous flow data. Patients were then followed postoperatively, and the incidence of AKI was compared to urinary oxygen partial pressure measurements.

Results
Intraoperative urinary oxygen partial pressure measurements were feasible in 86/91 (95%) of patients. When urinary oxygen partial pressure data were filtered for valid urine flows greater than 0.5 ml · kg–1 · h–1, then 70/86 (81%) and 77/86 (90%) of patients in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and post-CPB periods, respectively, were included in the analysis. Mean urinary oxygen partial pressure in the post-CPB period was significantly lower in patients who subsequently developed AKI than in those who did not (mean difference, 6 mmHg; 95% CI, 0 to 11; P = 0.038). In a multivariable analysis, mean urinary oxygen partial pressure during the post-CPB period remained an independent risk factor for AKI (relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.95; P = 0.009 for every 10-mmHg increase in mean urinary oxygen partial pressure).

Conclusions
Low urinary oxygen partial pressures after CPB may be associated with the subsequent development of AKI after cardiac surgery.

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