bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shmarikhina E. S. 
Published: April 2021

Interpretations of the concept, approaches to measurement, statistical methods and indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the country’s economic security proposed by various scientists are considered in the article. Based on the review of federal legislation, the concept, criteria, quantitative (threshold) and qualitative parameters of Russia’s economic security are being clarified. The author’s technique of integral assessment of the country’s economic security is proposed. The results of calculating the composite index for certain groups of factors and the integral index of Russia’s economic security for 2005–2018 are presented.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF US STATES AND REGIONS IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Minat V. N. 
Published: April 2021

The functioning of regional innovation systems at the level of states and regions of the United States, in addition to internal factors of development, is characterized by the strengthening of trends in international cooperation in innovation. Using the possibilities of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the innovative activity of regional systems based on the calculation of integral indicators that determine the level of development of this cooperation, as well as the method of cluster analysis, a study of the leading states and regions of the country was carried out according to a specific algorithm. A grouping of the most successful states in the development of international innovation is carried out, an assessment of their spatial position within the statistical and economic regions of the United States is given, and trends in the development of international innovative cooperation for the period 2000–2019 are substantiated. at the regional level. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there are significant opportunities for international cooperation, both realized over the two investigated decades, and potential, at the level of individual states and most regions of the United States in the innovation sphere, given the huge potential of the country’s economy.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CONFLICT
Authors: Pustovalova E. V. , Nagaytsev V. V. 
Published: April 2021

The article raises a question of the influence of communication on the development of conflict interactions of social subjects. It is noted that communication can take various forms at different stages of the dynamics. The forms are specific and filled with relevant communicative resources. The paper considers the features of preconflict and conflict communication; communicative relations in conflict resolution and postconflict stage. The variety of existing communicative means allows the participants of social conflict to ensure its management, but their communicative competence and certain conditions of the development of conflict situation play a significant role.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN KONSEP DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: Mashendra Mashendra 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Penerapan Konsep Diversi terhadap Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis tipe penelitian, yaitu penelitian hukum normatif dan penelitian hukum empirik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pelaksanaan diversi didasari keinginan menghindari efek negetaif terhadap jiwa dan perkembangan anak oleh keterlibatannya dengan sistem peradilan pidana. Pelaksanaan diversi oleh aparat penegak hukum didasari oleh kewenangan aparat penegak hukum yang disebut discretion atau diskresi. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat penerapan diversi terkhusus di Kota Baubau adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Substansi Hukum. Diversi sudah diterapkan dalam beberapa bagian sistem hukum di Indonesia, namun terhambat oleh lemahnya implementasi dan penegakan hukum. Kelemahan yang terkandung dalam peraturan-peraturan yang terkait dengan penanganan ABH; (2) Struktur Hukum. Kelemahan dari peraturan yang ada bisa teratasi apabila ada kepedulian dan sensivitas dari aparat penegak hukum dalam penanganan ABH. Hal ini terjadi karena mereka mempunyai diskresi untuk memberikan alternatif yang lebih baik daripada penjara untuk melindungi kepentingan masa depan anak; (3) Kultur Hukum/Partisipasi Masyarakat. Salah satu kendala terhambatnya penerapan diversi di Kota BauBau adalah paradigma masyarakat yang beranggapan bahwa setiap tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan ada balasannya (restributif justice).
FENOMENA PEMBUSURAN DIKALANGAN REMAJA
Authors: Sadif Ria Safaria 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena pembusuran dikalangan remaja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian primer dalam penelitian berjumlah 2 anak remaja (pelaku pembusuran), serta subjek penelitian sekunder 4 anak remaja (kepemilikan busur). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa subjek penelitian memiliki rentang usia masa remaja, masih berstatus sebagai pelajar di SMP dan SMA kota Baubau. Intensitas pertemuan orang tua dengan subjek penelitian dapat dikatakan kurang baik, karena kebanyakan orang tua bekerja di luar rumah dengan rentang waktu yang cukup lama. Rata-rata subjek mencari penghasilan juga ketika pulang sekolah dari sore hingga malam hari. Dengan demikian intensitas untuk bertemu dan berkomunikasi antar anak dan orang tua cukup minim terjadi. Motivasi remaja melakukan pembusuran, yaitu motif intrinsik dan motif ekstrinsik. Faktor-faktor penyebab pelaku melakukan pembusuran di kota Baubau yaitu faktor internal yang terdiri dari ketersinggungan antar kelompok dan adanya perasaan terancam, serta faktor eksternal yang terdiri dari faktor keluarga seperti kurangnya perhatian. Cara mendapatkan busur yaitu dengan cara membuat sendiri.
Science Process Skills in Learning Physics: Is there an influence on learning outcomes?
Authors: Nurulia Eka 
Published: April 2021

Student science process skills are very important to support student learning. In this study aims to provide information about the effect of science process skills in learning on student learning outcomes. It the study was conducted at Senior High School 1 Toboali using Pre-Experimental Designs with Intact-Group Comparision designs. This study uses material taught in school, namely the topic of effort and energy. The data collection technique using the instrument science process skills and achievement test by dividing the class into two: a control class and experimental class. The data analyzed in descriptive and inferential (Test-T). It analyzes showed that the science process skills have some impact on learning outcomes at a significance level of 0.00 <0.05. Therefore, it is important for teachers to apply the science process skills approach to lengthen student activities during the learning process
Tinjauan Hukum Pendaftaran Hak Merek Terhadap Produk Pangan Lokal Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju
Authors: Suryansyah Suryansyah , Junaeda Junaeda 
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju memerlukan adanya kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha sebagai upaya perlindungan terhadap hak kekayaan intelektual khususnya dalam hal pendaftaran merek. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, pada tahun 2018 terjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 6,22 persen. Salah satu faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut, yakni penyelenggaraan program pemerintah daerah dalam hal pendampingan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah melalui optimalisasi badan usaha milik desa dalam meningkatkan potensi pengolahan produk dari olahan pangan lokal seperti jagung, kopi, kakao, ubi, dan labu. Namun jika ditinjau pada aspek hukum, kesadaran pelaku usaha kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju dalam melakukan pendaftaran hak merek masih sangat rendah. Berdasarkan data pemohon pendaftaran kekayaan intelektual di Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Sulawesi Barat pada tahun 2019 hanya berjumlah 7 pendaftar saja. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh dua factor yaitu, pertama, terkait dengan rendahnya pemahaman hukum masyarakat terkait hak kekayaan intelektual. Kedua, pertumbuhan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju tidak diiringi dengan pembentukan perangkat peraturan daerah dalam upaya perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tinjauan hukum pendaftaran hak merek terhadap produk olahan pangan lokal dalam meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju yang mana temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan informasi dalam upaya peningkatan pemahaman hukum masyarakat agar mendaftarkan merek dagang dan diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber bahan hukum dalam mendorong upaya pembentukan peraturan daerah tentang ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju.
New Onset Heart Failure after Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Qadir Fawad , Shahid Muhammad , Saeed Hadi Yousuf , Mohyudin Muhammad Tahir , Saad Abu Bakar Ali , Iqbal Zahid 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cardiac pacing is the best optional treatment for cardiac rhythm disturbances such as cardiac arrhythmias, high grade atrioventricular (AV) block and heart failure (HF). Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing in patients with normal left ventricular heart, may stimulate HF and cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of new-onset heart failure after right ventricular apical pacing in patients having normal left ventricular (LV) function.
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from March 2017 to January 2019 in Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi (CPE) Institute of Cardiology, Multan Pakistan. Adult patients (n=50) who fulfilled the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines for permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion and with normal LV function were included in this study. Pacemaker was implanted in all patients under local anesthesia. All patients were followed up for six months to determine the occurrence of heart failure. 2-D echocardiography was done to determine heart failure at follow up in pacemaker clinic.
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 50.53 ± 6.75 years with male predominance. Mean pre-implantation ejection fraction (EF%) was 55.4 ± 4.2%. Main reason of PPM insertion was third degree AV block followed by right bundle branch block (RBBB). Incidence of HF was 4% at 06 months’ follow-up. Mortality occurred only in 1 (2%) patient.
Conclusions: Right ventricular pacing is associated with risk of new onset heart failure in long term follow-up. In the present study, HF developed in 4% patients in a follow-up period of six months
Association of Heavy School Bags with Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Primary School Children of Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Humaira Khan  , Hadiqa Adnan  , Sara Qayyaum  , Hajar Jamshaid  , Rabiya Tahir  , Qurat-ul-Ain  
Published: April 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders, an increasing concern among school going children, primarily affect muscles and tendons. They lead to secondary damage to nerves and joints in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the association of carrying heavy school bags with musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children in government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in different government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to November 2018. After an informed consent from parents, 377 healthy school going children aged 6-14 years were included in this study. Data was collected through Backpack Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort with demographic characteristics and backpack-related features. P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of the school children was 9.49 ± 1.53 years with 179 (46.9%) male and 203 (53.1%) female students. Majority of students (89.8%) were found with school bags more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder pain was the most commonly reported complaint (67.3%). There was a significant association between pain and perceived backpack weight (P=.001), and between pain and self-perceived posture (P=.001). Leaning forward (66.2%) was the most commonly adopted posture followed by leaning sideways (15.4%) and stooping (2.9%), respectively. The association between pain and duration of carrying backpack from home to school was insignificant (P=.055) in contrast to pain and duration of carrying bag from school to home (P=.007), respectively.
Conclusions: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found commonly among primary school children with shoulder pain being the most frequent, as maximum students were carrying heavy school bags.
Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study
Authors: Shazia Parveen Channar  , Nasreen Qazi  , Sajjad Ali Almani  , Sehar Gul Memon  , Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi  , Rida Qureshi  
Published: April 2021

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats.
Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05.
Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C).
Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.
Auricular Cartilage Interposition Arthroplasty in Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Liaquat Ahmad , Shah Arun Kumar , Riaz Nabeela 
Published: April 2021

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in early childhood can lead to disturbances in growth, facial asymmetry and difficulties in eating as well as in breathing. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of auricular cartilage as an interpositional material after gap arthroplasty in pediatric patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis in maintaining the achieved postoperative mouth opening.
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from 1st January 2019 to 30th November 2019. Thirty patients, aged 5 to 15 years with clinical and radiological diagnosis of TMJ ankylosis were included in the study. TMJ ankylotic mass was removed, the gap was created and interposition of auricular cartilage graft was done in these patients. Mouth opening was measured as a distance between the incisal edges of mandibular central incisors to maxillary central incisors using the scale. Preoperative and postoperative mouth opening was noted and compared using the paired t-test.
Results: Among the thirty patients, 19 were male and 11 were female. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 9.23±3.23 years (age range 5 to 15 years). The mean preoperative mouth opening (T1) was 7.3±3.1 mm, while the mean postoperative mouth opening (T2) was 29.2±3.3 mm. The mean interincisal distance was 29.0 mm (range 21 mm to 35 mm). The mean difference in pre- and postoperative mouth opening (T2-T1) was 21.6 ± 5 mm.
Conclusions: Autogenous auricular cartilage graft is an efficient and reliable interpositional material for achieving early postoperative mouth opening in TMJ ankylosis patients.
Seasonal trends of Influenza in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Sania , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Imran 
Published: April 2021

Background: Viral outbreaks have always been a challenging task for clinicians and Influenza virus has been on top of the list. The history of influenza epidemic reveals its devastating effects in the form of multiple deaths and economic burden. Hence this study was planned to recognize the peak activity time span of Influenza infection and its frequency in our set-up at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in Pathology Laboratory, Shifa international hospital Islamabad from April 2016 to March 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients of all age groups, with clinically suspected influenza infection throughout the year, irrespective of gender, according to hospital’s standard policy. Samples were analysed on GeneXpert kit (Xpert Flu Assay). Data collected was entered and then analysed in SPSS version 17.
Results: Of the total 591 samples included in study, 233 (39.4%) were positive for influenza (Flu A or Flu B), while 358 (60.6%) showed negative results. Total 172 (73.8%) were positive for Flu A while 61 (26.1%) were positive for Flu B. Among Flu A cases, 107 (62.2%) were positive for H1N1. Most of the positive cases (n=206; 88.4%) were reported in the months of January and February during the three-year period (2016-2019) of this study.
Conclusions: Influenza virus has peak activity in the months of January and February. Both Influenza A and B are circulating in the environment but Flu A is predominant and H1N1 is more prevalent.
Między sprawiedliwością a miłosierdziem. Porównanie amerykańskiej i rosyjskiej wersji Dwunastu gniewnych ludzi
Authors: Jabłoński Paweł 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to thematize two different types of attitudes to the law – which, referring to works by Marek Jan Siemek and Lon Luvois Fuller, I call the “Eastern attitude” and the “Western attitude”. This task is realized by a comparative interpretation of two famous films: 12 Angry Men, directed by Sidney Lumet, and Nikita Mikhalkov’s Russian-language remake of Lumet’s movie, titled 12. I try to show that although these two films tell similar stories, there are significant differences between them in regard to the perception of the law. In the American version, the law is a system of mechanisms that really work and are taken seriously. In the Russian version, the law is, to a large extent, only an appearance, which in reality must be replaced by ethics.
Do PGY-1 residents in Emergency Medicine have enough experiences in resuscitations and other clinical procedures to meet the requirements of a Competence by Design curriculum?
Authors: Crickmer Michael , Lam Tobi , Tavares Walter , Meshkat Nazanin 
Published: April 2021

Background: With the transition to a Competence by Design (CBD) curriculum, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in Emergency Medicine (FRCP-EM) training has created guidelines on experiences residents should have before progressing. We sought to quantify adult medical resuscitations and clinical procedures completed by PGY1 FRCP-EM residents to compare them to CBD requirements with the aim to identify areas of limited exposure requiring curriculum revisions prior to nation-wide CBD implementation.
Methods: Twenty-two PGY1 residents from four FRCP-EM programs recorded their activities from July 2017 to June 2018 in an online log that tracked resuscitations and procedures along with role assumed, supervision, and level of comfort.
Results: In total 515 resuscitations were logged with the median number per resident 15 (range 0 to 98). The most frequent resuscitation was altered mental status and the least was unstable dysrhythmia. 557 total procedures were logged with the median number 75 (range 8 to 273). The most frequent procedure done was simple laceration repair and the least frequent was intraosseous access.
Conclusions: Unstable dysrhythmias and cardiorespiratory arrest along with intraosseous access and arthrocentesis are low event clinical exposures. In the era of CBD, the misalignment of entrustrable professional activity (EPA) targets and curriculum delivery should be monitored/reviewed to ensure expectations are realistic and that sufficient exposures are available.
The Strategy of Trade In The Halal Food Industry In Jember
Authors: Munir Misbahul , Masyhuri Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

The halal product industry continues to grow and has a big influence on the global market. In fact, Indonesia is determined to make the country's halal product industry more competitive in the world halal market. To anticipate this global market competition, Indonesia as a Muslim majority country must be able to take the advantage of this enormous opportunity. The role of the network in developing halal products to the global market was when marketing its products. PT. Mitratani could not be separated from relationships with business partners. Each business partner had a role to play. Also, PT. Mitratani could not separate the use of information technology and media as a means to expand marketing to the global market.
To create an edge in competition, PT. Mitratani focused on customer and consumer needs. The most important thing was to build trust in business partners. PT. Mitratani's advantage was in the cultivation of edamame. It was from planting to the use of pesticides and fertilizers, until PT Mitratani farmers did their own crops and carried out quality control on each land. This was done to maintain the quality of edamame. PT. Mitratani also improved the quality of its products by implementing HACCP, SOP and GMP in processing and production. In addition to maintaining the quality of PT, Mitratani had established good relationships with company stakeholders so that loyalty and trusted in the product and the company could continue.
Authors: Sulthani Dinil Abrar 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak
Tulisan ini akan membahas fenomena dan dilema masyarakat yang mementingkan diri sendiri dan abai interaksi dengan masyarakat. Kadang peran pendidikan agama dianggap kurang signifikan mengatasi setiap masalah masyarakat. Apalagi pada zaman sekarang yang berkembang; informasi dan teknologi, sehingga internalisasi nilai pendidikan agama menjadi seperti kabur. Tujuan tulisan ini akan menguraikan secara lengkap konsep dan nilai pendidikan agama yang relevan dengan setiap kondisi zaman. Sehingga, capaian internalisasi pendidikan agama dapat membentuk masyarakat madani. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka, pendekatan kualitatif dengan referensi yang relevan. Hasil dari tulisan ini menyatakan bahwa agama dapat menjadi solusi dalam setiap masalah manusia. Pendidikan agama mendapat posisi penting dalam setiap rangkaian aktivitas masyarakat. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini bahwa masyarakat madani dapat terwujud melalui internalisasi nilai pendidikan agama; seperti upaya edukasi, pengawasan, dan silaturahmi.
Kata kunci : Pendidikan Agama, Masyarakat, Edukasi, Pengawasan, Silaturahmi