bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Analysis of Compound Section in The Regulate Section Channel Model for Maintenance Main Channel
Authors: Rohani I , Paroka D , Thaha M A , Hatta M P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A dimensionless number is used to express the relationship between parameters and is used to describe the research results. Commonly used dimensional analysis methods are the Basic Echelon method, the Buckingham method, the Rayleight method, the Stepwise method and the Langhaar method. The compound section in the regulated section channel model aims to make the section convenient to the flow existing discharge at tidal conditions, in sediment flushing. In this study using the Buckingham’s method of dimensional analysis to determine the weight equation for the flushing sediment (w) and the variables that have been scaled on the flume, W = • (B, B*, h, h*, ⊗h, t, V, Q, g, W,)w,)S), where B is the width of the river (cm), B* is the width of the Flushing section (cm), h is the height of the water level (cm), h* is the height of the flushing section (cm), ®h is the difference in water level (cm), t is the tidal time period (s), V is the flow velocity (cm/s), Q is the water discharge (cm3/s), g is the gravity (cm/s2), )S is the mass density of the sediment (gr/cm3), )w is the density of the water mass (gr/cm3). From the analysis results obtained equations =

B
*

B

.

h
*

h

.

Δ
h

h

.

v

g
t

.

Q

g

h
2

t

.

ρ
s

h
3

. Where w is the weight of the flushing sediment (gr),

B
*

B

is the ratio of the design cross-sectional width to the width of the estuary,

h
*

h

is the ratio of the flushing cross-sectional height to the water level,

Δ
h

h

is the ratio of the height water level to water depth,

v

g
t

is the velocity of falling sediment,

Q

g

h
2

t

is the discharge of sediment flushing, ρ
s

h
3 is the hydrostatic pressure.
The Study of Port Capacity Development Plan In Wosu
Authors: Hatta M P , Karamma R , Fazry H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of the Wosu Port will be able to stimulate inter-regional trade and reduce logistics costs because goods from other islands to be marketed in Morowali Regency against agricultural goods from the hinterland of Wosu Bungku Barat Port can be sent directly to other islands. For this reason, data collection is needed so that it can be analysed for capacity development of Wosu Port. The purpose of this study is to determine the layout (lay out) of the Wosu Morowali Port and shipping lanes that are adjusted to the size of the draft ship plan, to determine the type and dimensions of the dock that are in accordance with the conditions in the Wosu area. The method used in this research is to conduct a field survey to collect primary data and secondary data obtained from websites that are processed using Ms Excel, Autocad, Ocean Data View. By knowing the topography, hydro-oceanography and economic data, alternative port development can be determined. This research produces topographic-bathymetric maps, water zoning maps, land and water DLKr / DLkp designs, short-term port development layouts where the planned jetty is a jetty which has a trestle length = 70 m and a width = 8 m having a pier floor elevation = 2 m and in areas with a depth of 10-15 m to allow general passenger / cargo ships (GT / DWT 500-1000 Ton) to dock.
Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cell Performance by Adding Magnesium Acetate Using Two-Step Spin-Coating Method
Authors: Yusra D A , Mufti N , Muyasaroh A F , Latifah E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The poor stability of perovskite materials is a problem of concern in commercialization. In this study, we investigated the doping of magnesium cations (Mg2+) in PbI2 to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. The doping effect of Mg2+ can increase the crystallization rate. The perovskite film fabricated structure consists of ITO/TiO2/perovskite/CuO. The fabrication method used is a two-stage spin coating. The concentrations of MgAc2 were used 0, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mg ml−1. The characterizations used are XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), UV-Vis, SEM-EDX. While the performance of solar cells is measured using a solar simulator. The XRD pattern shows that the sample has a crystal structure of MAPbI3, PbI2, and CuO phases. The MAPbI3 lattice parameter increased with increasing Mg acetate concentration. The grain size of the perovskite layer is between 5 - 15 μm, with a thickness of about 30 μm. The efficiency of perovskite solar cells increases with the increasing concentration of MgAc2.
Acid Value Reduction of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil by Oilseeds In situ Esterification Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol Mixture
Authors: Mufidah Nabilah Amirothul , Cahyani Anggun Dwi , Prabaningrum Nunung , Kusnanto  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-edible oilseed can be used in biodiesel preparation as a low-cost feedstock. However, it contains a high free fatty acid or a high acid value, which causes a problematic biodiesel reaction. The investigation of acid value reduction of Calophyllum inophyllum oilseed by in situ esterification using sulfuric acid-catalyzed methanol and isopropyl alcohol has been conducted. Calophyllum inophyllum oil was extracted by n-hexane in the Soxhlet apparatus to determine the oil content. In situ esterification using methanol-isopropyl alcohol and the sulfuric acid as a catalyst was carried out in a reflux three-neck rounded bottom flask batch process to decrease free fatty acid or acid value. Four independent reaction variables, including the ratio of mixture volume to seed weight, the ratio of methanol to mixture volume, catalyst percentage, and reaction time, were varied. The experiments utilized by the response surface methodology with central composite design configuration to obtain the optimum conditions. The oil content of Calophyllum inophyllum oilseed extraction was 57.94% and an acid value was 90.38 mg KOH/g. The maximum esterified oil yield of 91.00% and 3.81 mg KOH/g minimum acid value were achieved in the optimum reaction conditions.
Study of Hybrid System for Optimization of Energy Source in Ut Island, Maluku
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Aditya Indra Ardhanayudha , Damanik Natalina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Eastern side of Indonesia has a group of scattered Islands and have a great distance from the main Island. Fossil fuels are the main option for meeting the needs of electrical energy in the outer Islands. But the availability of fossil fuels is very dependent on the weather and modes of transportation. In addition, fossil energy also causes emissions and environmental pollution, so efforts to diversify alternative energy by utilizing renewable energy are needed to meet energy needs. Ut Island, Maluku is one of the Islands which is not yet powered by utilities. In this paper, the HOMER software is used to determine the optimal hybrid power plant configuration from a techno-economic perspective by utilizing energy resources available on the Island. From the simulations that have been carried out wind speed has a significant influence on the optimal configuration of the PLH system. Load value affects the amount of NPC and COE. The greater the load is fulfilled, the higher the NPC. But contrary to NPC, COE value will decrease.
Correlation between Weather Variables and Electricity Demand
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Simaremare Arionmaro Asi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the industrial era 4.0 as it is today, along with the increasing need for electrical energy, energy efficiency is an essential factor in achieving energy production cost efficiency. Efficiency will be achieved if electricity production can be adjusted to the customer’s electrical load. However, adjusting the electricity production poses a challenge, namely the difficulty of predicting the daily electricity load of customers. There are many factors that affect the electric load. One of the main factors is the weather. Therefore, this study focuses on the correlation of weather parameters on load demand. The weather parameters consist of temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and wind speed. Case studies were conducted in Bali Island and Central Java Province. This paper looked for correlations between weather parameters with the load demand, especially in the island of Bali and Central Java Province.
Design and Analysis of a Solar-Powered DC Irrigation System: A Case Study of a Shrimp Pond
Authors: Faizal Ahmad , Kunaifi  , Miefthawati Nanda Putri , Ullah Aulia , Anjarjati Wahyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new approach for supplying water to shrimp production ponds in Purworejo, Indonesia, is proposed. The paper covers the design of a solar-powered DC water pump system (SWPS), system performance analysis, and economic analysis by comparing it with the existing fossil-fuel-powered pumps. The mathematical approach for the designing process is shown and Lorents Compass alternative tool is introduced. By taking into consideration the daily water demand of 50 m3/day, the annual-averaged local solar irradiation of 4.7 kWh/m2 per day, and the available components in the market, an SWPS in Purworejo would comprise a 1200 Wp PV panel and a 600 W DC pump submerged in a borehole in the seashore. The SWPS would be able to meet the daily water demand with small seasonal variations. The financial analysis shows high feasibility to install SWPS in Purworejo with a 1,6 years simple payback period, which is very short. The SWPS would provide more than 20 years of free energy for the farmers to draw seawater to the pond each day when the sun shines. It can provide not only environmental and social benefits but also significant economic advantages, both at the farm and the national levels.
Study of Several Types of Lithium-polymer Batteries With 3s Battery Management System
Authors: Karlina F H , Sunarno  , Waruwu M M , Wijaya R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lithium batteries have been identified as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their high energy density, safety, and long cycling life. Lithium-polymer batteries have been widely used in various applications ranging from electric vehicles to mobile devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of lithium-polymer and VRLA batteries in the review of the balance of battery life timeout comparison for a predetermined load. Each battery has a different actual balance and theoretical comparison value. The best balance value is close to 1. The best balance comparison after the experiment was a LiPo battery type with a balance value of 0.77 R158F076A7 BMS 3s, then VRLA with a balance of 0.67, and the smallest balance is a LiPo GSE 18650 battery with a balance of 0.25. For both types of batteries with the same input parameters provided, the terminal voltage, current, and characteristics output of Lithium-polymer Li-Po GSE 18650. Batteries were found to be better than a lead-acid with a timeout of use that is 51.64 minutes.
Plasma-Ozone Treatment of Air Supply on Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine
Authors: Insani Melati Nurul , Hayat Azwar , Amaliyah Novriany , Eka Putra Andi Erwin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In improving performance and reducing exhaust emissions in combustion engines, the addition of ozone to the air supplied in the combustion chamber was studied. In this research, ozone can be produced using plasma technology (plasma-ozone) which is a simple and eco-friendly technology. Plasma-ozone was generated using the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) method. Air is passed in plasma-ozone reactors at different voltages with an ozone variation of 3 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg and 18 mg is obtained. Ozone concentration was detected using an Ozone meter O3 Air Quality Detector and OPA-100 was used to determine exhaust emissions. The result showed that the addition of ozone to the air supply has no significant effect on brake power but is able to increase specific fuel consumption, increase cylinder pressure, shorten combustion processes, and reduce heat release values. The addition of ozone decreases the opacity of exhaust emissions in TV-1 diesel engines become more eco-friendly.
Simulation Analysis of the Pyrolysis Process for the Production of Syngas from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Fiber
Authors: Nur Taufiq Bin , Kongnardi Justin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There have been many efforts to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by using renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and energy obtained from biomass) as a substitute for fossil fuels. As one of the largest CPO producers globally, Indonesia produces 4 kilograms of dry biomass for every 1 kilogram of oil palm produced. The biomass conversion process into synthetic gas (syngas) can be carried out using the pyrolysis process. The syngas can be used as an alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine. This study aims to simulate the pyrolysis process to obtain syngas’ characteristics made from oil palm empty bunches (EFBs) and palm fiber. Around 4 kg EFB and 2 kg of fiber are used as pyrolysis raw materials. The Aspen Plus simulation was used to design and analyzed the pyrolysis flow processes. The results showed that the hot syngas produced at a working temperature of 450°C to 650°C was 1.475 kg/hr to 1.587 kg/hr. The cold syngas produced is 0.969 kg/hr to 1.407 kg/hr. The heating value of hot syngas is 10,348 kJ/kg to 14,213.55 kJ/kg, and cold syngas is 15,751.51 kJ/kg to 16,022.7 kJ/kg. Change in syngas composition between hot and cold syngas is due to the condensation process. The minimum condenser area required to produce cold syngas for 6 kg and 500 kg biomass pyrolysis raw material are 25.5 m2 and 632.2 m2, respectively.
Prediction of the monthly cost of energy usage by PEMFC at housing in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Taufiq Bin , Harahap Mar’i Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of renewable energy is increasing nowadays. Besides, the development of energy conversion systems that can work at high efficiency also increases along with the decreasing availability of fossil energy. The fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical reaction energy directly into direct current electrical energy. The use of fuel cells as power generating in housing has also increased rapidly, especially in developed countries. This study aims to develop a model and simulation for the Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system with a working temperature of 165 °C) using Aspen Plus simulation. In this analysis, the model and simulation developed are used to predict the amount of fuel needed when used in housing as an electricity generator and obtain a monetary value for the monthly fuel procurement. The PEMFC system is designed to generate power up to 0.60 kW by consuming hydrogen fuel with a current density of 0.02 A/cm2. The hydrogen consumed by the PEMFC system is around 0.030 kg/hour, with a monthly cost of hydrogen consumption by the system is Rp. 2,052,000. Meanwhile, the monthly electricity from the national grid (PLN) bill costs around Rp. 569,261 (in the year 2019). In comparing the energy bill, at the moment, the fuel cost for PEMFC as a power generation system is much more expensive than PLN’s electricity consumption costs due to the high hydrogen fuel cost.
Preliminary Study on the Remaining Life Estimation Method for Research Reactor Tank Liner
Authors: Sukarno Diah Hidayanti , Aji Bintoro , Pramono Yudi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The reactor tank liner is one of the most crucial safety barriers in a research reactor as it retains the radioactive material released from the fuel during the accident condition. It also contains the primary coolant for fission heat removal. The integrity of the tank liner determines the service life of the research reactor. So far, the remaining life estimation of pressure vessels in nuclear power plants is more widely applied and established than that of the research reactor tank liner. Therefore, a study on the remaining life estimation method of the research reactor tank liner is needed to ensure the research reactor operation safety. This paper aims to preliminarily study several methods applied to estimate the remaining life of a research reactor tank liner. The preliminary study consists of a qualitative assessment and a quantitative assessment. The qualitative assessment aims to propose several techniques or methods applied in estimating the remaining life of the reactor tank liner. The quantitative assessment applies one of the remaining life estimation methods discussed in the previous assessment. Generally, the remaining life of the research reactor tank liner can be estimated using the theoretical method and the experimental method. The theoretical methods are applied by calculating the neutron fluence received by the tank liner or by analyzing the fracture mechanics using numerical modeling if the cracks or other defects exist. The calculation of atom displacement number (dpa), as a standard measure of the neutron-induced radiation damage of the materials, can support the neutron fluence calculation. The experimental method is conducted by measuring several parameters of the tank liner material, such as the corrosion rate or the mechanical properties. In the quantitative assessment, the remaining life estimation of the Kartini Reactor tank liner was performed by neutron fluence calculation method using MCNP6 computer code. The result shows that the maximum neutron fluence received by the tank wall is 2.950E+17 n/cm2 for 40 years operating period. By comparing the cumulative neutron fluence received for 40 years to the thermal neutron fluence limit value of 1.18E+23 n/cm2, the Kartini Reactor tank liner can still be used for the next 1.6E+07 operation years. The result of the quantitative assessment implicitly shows that the remaining life estimation of the tank liner needs to: 1) consider all defects experienced by the tank liner and all factors (e.g., thermal, radiation, chemical, cyclic loading) which affect the tank liner material condition, and 2) perform the combination of theoretical and experimental methods. For an open-pool type reactor, corrosion monitoring and corrosion rate measurement are essential to perform the remaining life assessment of the tank liner.
Paleobotany collections: fossil woods available at the Bandung Geological Museum
Authors: Mandang Y I , Andianto  , Oktariani H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is a country which has plants species diversity. The form of ancient plants that grew in the past are recorded as fossil woods. Several fossil woods from regions in Indonesia were collected and became exhibition collections at the Bandung Geological Museum. These fossil woods on display requires biology identity to provide more information to visitors. Identification of species of fossil woods were carried out based on the anatomical features on the smoothed cross-section. Observations were carried out by a loop hand (a magnification of 10 times and a digital loop (with a magnification of 16 times). The fossil woods anatomy features observed included vessel cells, parenchyma cells, rays cells, and the presence of resin channels. The fossil specimen which had unclear anatomy features compared by detailed description of wood anatomy available at the library and collections of wood samples owned by the Xylarium Bogoriense. The fossil woods species are Canarioxylon sp., Terminalioxylon sp., Anisopteroxylon sp., Dipterocarpoxylon sp., Dryobalanoxylon sp., Hopenium/Hopeoxylon sp., Shoreoxylon sp., Kompassioxylon sp., and Xanthophyllum sp. The mostly fossil woods species resvectively belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae, Combretaceae, Polygalaceae, Burseraceae, and Leguminosae. The fossil woods member of Dipterocarpaceae family are conspicuously characterized with the presence of resin canals.
Primer design of D-loop region for wild population genetics of Rusa timorensis in Indonesia
Authors: Rianti P , Hutapea A L , Rahman D A , Santosa Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rusa timorensis (Javan deer) is endemic wildlife in Indonesia and is estimated at less than 10.000 individuals with continuously declining populations due to habitat loss and illegal hunting in the wild. This declining low population indicates a greater risk of extinction. Unfortunately, the genetic information of the wild Javan deer population for conservation management strategies still lacks data due to challenging sampling in the wild. Most recent studies were analysing the breeding populations outside Indonesia. Here, we propose the primer design of the D-loop genetic marker to determine the genetic population of wild Javan deer. We used metadata analysis of genetic sequences and new samples from five wild populations to design the specific primer of the D-loop region of the wild Javan deer in Indonesia. We used software, i.e.., Primer3 to design the primers, BLAST for specificity and Oligo Analyzer™ Tool for efficiency of the primer. The Annealing temperature optimisation started with pre-denaturation at 94 °C followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C; 51-56°C annealing for each one degree’s different per PCR treatment; and 72°C extensions. We successfully designed a specific primer (RL-3.1a) to amplify 235 bp of the D-loop region at 52°C annealing’s temperature.
Reproductive biology of the Rote Snake-necked Turtle Chelodina mccordi (Rhodin, 1994) in Oelsonbai Captivity, Kupang
Authors: Kayat  , Saragih G S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Rote snake-necked turtle (Chelodina mccordiRhodin, 1994) or Kura-kura Leher Ular Rote is an endangered species endemic to Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara. It is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. However, based on surveys in recent years,C. mccordiwas presumed extinct in the wild. Ex-situ conservation is one alternative to conserveC. mccordi. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reproductive biology of the Rote snake-necked turtle in captivity. Three (one male and two female) C.mccordiwere observed in Oelsonbai captivity, Kupang, from 2009 to 2020 to obtain data on the species’ reproductive biology. The first mating behaviour was observed when the turtles were six years old. Hatches occurred two or three times a year, with clutch size varied from five to twenty eggs. Egg hatchability was 75-100 percent, with an incubation period of 76 to 102 days. Female size when mature straight-line carapace length (SCL) 178 mm, carapace width 145 mm, and plastron length 142 mm. Male size straight-line carapace length (SCL) 190 mm, carapace width 150 mm, and plastron length 143 mm.
Diversity of waterbirds in mudflat and fishpond habitats in coastal Wetlands of East Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Khalil A R A , Mulyani Y A , Mardiastuti A , Iswandaru D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coastal wetlands provide habitat for waterbirds. However, changes in land use in coastal wetlands in East Lampung, Lampung Province, might affect the use of habitats by waterbirds. The study objective was to identify waterbird species using wetland habitat in coastal areas of East Lampung. Field surveys were conducted in November 2020 in two habitat types, i.e., mudflats and fishponds, employing a concentration method from several vantage points, then calculating Shannon-Wienner diversity indices (H’). A total of 23 species from 9 families of waterbirds were recorded. Mudflat had a higher diversity (H’½2.21) than fishpond (H’=1.74). Sixteen species were found on mudflats, dominated by shorebirds from the families of Scolopacidae and Charadriidae, which are primarily migratory species. Fishponds were used by 12 species, dominated by the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus). Two endangered species, i.e., Far Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) and Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea), and one vulnerable species, Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus), were observed using mudflats. This study showed that mudflat in coastal wetlands of East Lampung provides essential habitats for conserving threatened waterbirds and migratory shorebirds.