bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of frailty and prediction of mortality in Chinese cancer patients using a frailty index‐based clinical algorithm—A multicentre study
Authors: Jin Xi , Ren Yue , Shao Li , Guo Zengqing , Wang Chang , He Ying , Zhou Lan , Cong Minghua , Ma Hu , Wang Wei , Zhou Chunling , Feng Yongdong , Ba Yi , Gao Jianguo , Lu Miaomiao , Zhang Mengmeng , Gu Xue‐wei , Song Chunhua , Xu Hongxia , Shi Hanping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the frailty status in Chinese cancer patients through establishing a novel prediction algorithm.MethodsThe percentage of frailty in various age groups, locations, and tumor types in Chinese cancer patients was investigated. The prediction capacity of frailty on mortality of Chinese cancer patients was analysed by the frailty index composing of routine laboratory data (FI‐LAB) accessible from a blood test and calculated as the ratio of abnormal factors to 22 total variables. The establishment of a novel algorithm, MCP (mortality of cancer patients), to predict the 5‐year mortality in Chinese cancer patients was accomplished and the algorithm's prediction capacity was tested in the training and validation sets using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsWe found that the risk of death in cancer patients can be successfully identified through FI‐LAB. The univariable and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate the effect of frailty on death. In the 5‐year follow‐up, 20.6% of the 2959 participants (age = 55.8 ± 11.7 years; 43.5% female) died, while the mean FI‐LAB score in baseline was 0.23 (standard deviation = 0.13; range = 0–0.73). Frailty (after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounders) directly correlated with an increased risk of death, hazard ratio of 12.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.19, 22.31), compared to those without frailty. In addition, the MCP algorithm (MCP) = 3.678 × FI‐LAB + 1.575 × sex + 1.779 × first tumor node metastasis staging, presented an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.691 (95% CI: 0.656–0.726) and 0.648 (95% CI: 0.613–0.684) in the training and validation sets, respectively.ConclusionFrailty as defined by FI‐LAB was common and indicated a significant death risk in cancer patients. Our novel developed algorithm MCP had a passable prediction capacity on 5‐year MCP.
Association between relational trauma and empathy among male offenders in China
Authors: Wang Shaishai , Wang Xinyang , Chen Yuxi , Xu Qingsong , Cai Liying , Zhang Tianyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOffenders are more likely than the general population to have experienced relationship trauma. They are also more likely to have lower empathy. To date, relationships between historical trauma and later empathic states have not been examined among offenders.AimsTo explore the association between history of trauma in close personal relationships and empathy among offenders. Our research question is: Is such relational trauma associated with self‐rated impairments in empathy?MethodsAll men with a primary school education and above at a single all‐male prison in Jiangsu Province in China were invited to participate. The self‐reported Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to evaluate empathy, and the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey was to explore interpersonal trauma and classify such experiences.ResultsInterpersonal trauma was associated with higher personal distress and lower empathic concern among men reporting relational trauma in adulthood, but only higher personal distress when the trauma reported was in childhood. Non‐relational trauma was associated with higher empathic concern. Cognitive aspects of empathy varied little between groups.ConclusionsOur findings add to the existing literature by making distinctions between the types of trauma and the age of key experience in its relationship to self‐reported empathy. The differences found suggest that it may be helpful to consider planning any trauma‐related interventions differently according to the type and age of trauma experiences.
A novel clustering method for fault recovery and routing in mobile ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Gurumoorthy K. B. , Devaraj S. Allwin , Gopinath S. , Ali Tanweer 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMobile ad‐hoc network (MANET) is a group of self‐organized autonomous wireless devices that serve communication in human unattended and emergency environments. The network is decentralized and uses wireless links for communication, which is vulnerable to network resource depletion rapidly. Energy and link stability are vital factors that support the prolonged operation of the network, obstructing earlier resource depletions. These depletions are overwhelmed with the help of scattered, isolated nodes; the process of augmenting them increases the control overhead. We propose a genetic algorithm‐based routing (GAR) with fault route recovery (FRR) caused due to isolated nodes. In this method, clustering is used for energy balancing for retaining the live nodes' count reliably. The FRR phase prevents cluster head flooding using the local rerouting process. The former phase of GAR‐FFR governs the network's energy optimization aiming at controlled energy consumption. The later part reduces routing overhead due to route failures, preventing backtracking to the cluster head. The proposed GAR‐FFR is analyzed using the following metrics: throughput, packet delivery ratio, live nodes count, remaining energy, and routing overhead. The proposed GAR‐FRR achieves 15.4% high throughput, 16.29% high live nodes, 8.9% high remaining energy, and 21.04% fewer control packets for different rounds, compared with the existing A‐ECOPS and REAC‐IN methods.
Computational complexity reduction algorithms for Markov decision process based vertical handoff in mobile networks
Authors: Gillani Rida , Nasir Ali 
Published: July 2021

SummaryVertical handoff is a major concern in the operation of mobile connections. Multiple wireless networks collate to provide smooth and quality service to the users over mobile connections. This paper formulates a Markov decision process for handoff decisions with a sample space that includes a union of parameters that are important for making a handoff decision. The major contribution of this paper is to propose three different yet closely related algorithms for reducing the computational complexity of the original problem. In particular, we propose a feature‐wise assessment algorithm, a network‐wise assessment algorithm, and a hybrid approach for computational complexity reduction. Discussed algorithms give pseudo‐optimal solutions with a significant reduction in computational complexity. Results indicate that different complexity reduction algorithms perform best under different circumstances. This provides a guideline for the selection of complexity reduction algorithms based on real scenarios.
RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 deficiency increases the sensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells to anlotinib by regulating CX3CR1‐fractalkine expression
Authors: Wu Min , Jin Mengmeng , Cao Xiaohui , Qian Kun , Zhao Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) has been identified to play key roles in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression, and can modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ADAR1 on the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to anlotinib. We established anlotinib‐resistant NSCLC (NSCLC/AR) cells, including NCI‐H1975/AR and A549/AR cells. Results showed that ADAR1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC/AR cells. Genetic‐knockdown of ADAR1 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC/AR cells to anlotinib by inducing cell proliferation suppression, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of ADAR1 decreased the level of C‐X3‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) in NCI‐H1975/AR and A549/AR cells after anlotinib treatment. Introduction of exogenous CX3CL1 significantly reversed the positive effect of ADAR1 deficiency on NSCLC/AR cell sensitivity, exhibited by the increase of cell viability and decrease of apoptosis. Further in‐vivo study demonstrated that knockdown of ADAR1 inhibited NCI‐H1975/AR cell tumorigenesis by reducing CX3CL1 expression. Collectively, ADAR1 deficiency increased the sensitivity of NSCLC/AR cells to anlotinib by downregulating CX3CL1, which might provide a potential strategy for NSCLC/AR therapy.
Drought has negative consequences on aphid fitness and plant vigor: Insights from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Leybourne Daniel J. , Preedy Katharine F. , Valentine Tracy A. , Bos Jorunn I. B. , Karley Alison J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aphids are abundant in natural and managed vegetation, supporting a diverse community of organisms and causing damage to agricultural crops. Due to a changing climate, periods of drought are anticipated to increase, and the potential consequences of this for aphid–plant interactions are unclear.

Using a meta‐analysis and synthesis approach, we aimed to advance understanding of how increased drought incidence will affect this ecologically and economically important insect group and to characterize any potential underlying mechanisms. We used qualitative and quantitative synthesis techniques to determine whether drought stress has a negative, positive, or null effect on aphid fitness and examined these effects in relation to (a) aphid biology, (b) geographical region, and (c) host plant biology.

Across all studies, aphid fitness is typically reduced under drought. Subgroup analysis detected no difference in relation to aphid biology, geographical region, or the aphid–plant combination, indicating the negative effect of drought on aphids is potentially universal. Furthermore, drought stress had a negative impact on plant vigor and increased plant concentrations of defensive chemicals, suggesting the observed response of aphids is associated with reduced plant vigor and increased chemical defense in drought‐stressed plants.

We propose a conceptual model to predict drought effects on aphid fitness in relation to plant vigor and defense to stimulate further research.
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density inAbutilon theophrasti: Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhou Dao‐Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhenotypic integration and developmental canalization have been hypothesized to constrain the degree of phenotypic plasticity, but little evidence exists, probably due to the lack of studies on the relationships among the three processes, especially for plants under different environments. We conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants ofAbutilon theophrastito three densities, under infertile and fertile soil conditions, and analyzing correlations among canalization, integration, and plasticity in a variety of measured morphological traits after 50 and 70 days, to investigate the relationships among the three variables in response to density and how these responses vary with soil conditions and growth stages. Results showed trait canalization decreased and phenotypic integration and the degree of plasticity (absolute plasticity) in traits increased with density. Phenotypic integration often positively correlated with absolute plasticity, whereas correlations between trait canalization and plasticity were insignificant in most cases, with a few positive ones between canalization and absolute plasticity at low and medium densities. As plants grew, these correlations intensified in infertile soil and attenuated in fertile soil. Our findings suggested the complexity of the relationship between canalization and plasticity: Decreased canalization is more likely to facilitate active plastic responses under more favorable conditions, whereas increased level of integration should mainly be an outcome of plastic responses. Soil conditions and growth stage may affect responses of these correlations to density via modifying plant size, competition strength, and plastic responses in traits. We also predicted that decreased canalization can be advantageous or disadvantageous, and the lack of response to stress may demonstrate a stronger ability of adaptation than passive response, thus should be adaptive plasticity as active response.
Do soil depth and plant community composition interact to modify the resistance and resilience of grassland ecosystem functioning to drought?
Authors: Fry Ellen L. , Wilkinson Anna , Johnson David , Pritchard William James , Ostle Nick J. , Baggs Elizabeth M. , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile the effect of drought on plant communities and their associated ecosystem functions is well studied, little research has considered how responses are modified by soil depth and depth heterogeneity. We conducted a mesocosm study comprising shallow and deep soils, and variable and uniform soil depths, and two levels of plant community composition, and exposed them to a simulated drought to test for interactive effects of these treatments on the resilience of carbon dioxide fluxes, plant functional traits, and soil chemical properties. We tested the hypotheses that: (a) shallow and variable depth soils lead to increased resistance and resilience of ecosystem functions to drought due to more exploitative plant trait strategies; (b) plant communities associated with intensively managed high fertility soils, will have more exploitative root traits than extensively managed, lower fertility plant communities. These traits will be associated with higher resistance and resilience to drought and may interact with soil depth and depth heterogeneity to amplify the effects on ecosystem functions. Our results showed that while there were strong soil depth/heterogeneity effects on plant‐driven carbon fluxes, it did not affect resistance or resilience to drought, and there were no treatment effects on plant‐available carbon or nitrogen. We did observe a significant increase in exploitative root traits in shallow and variable soils relative to deep and uniform, which may have resulted in a compensation effect which led to the similar drought responses. Plant community compositions representative of intensive management were more drought resilient than more diverse “extensive” communities irrespective of soil depth or soil depth heterogeneity. In intensively managed plant communities, root traits were more representative of exploitative strategies. Taken together, our results suggest that reorganization of root traits in response to soil depth could buffer drought effects on ecosystem functions.
Extensive alternative splicing triggered by mitonuclear mismatch in naturally introgressed Rhinolophus bats
Authors: Chen Wenli , Mao Xiuguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondrial function needs strong interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear (mitonuclear) genomes, which can be disrupted by mitonuclear mismatch due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression between two formerly isolated populations or taxa. This mitonuclear disruption may cause severe cellular stress in mismatched individuals. Gene expression changes and alternative splicing (AS) are two important transcriptional regulations to respond to environmental or cellular stresses. We previously identified a naturally introgressed population in the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis). Individuals from this population belong to R. a. himalayanus and share almost identical nuclear genetic background; however, some of them had mtDNA from another subspecies (R. a. macrurus). With this unique natural system, we examined gene expression changes in six tissues between five mitonuclear mismatched and five matched individuals. A small number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that most DEGs were related to immune response although some may be involved in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, we identified extensive AS events and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) between mismatched and matched individuals. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that multiple ASGs were directly or indirectly associated with energy production in mitochondria which is vital for survival of organism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of AS in responding to cellular stress caused by mitonuclear mismatch in natural populations. Our results suggest that AS may play a more important role than gene expression regulation in responding to severe environmental or cellular stresses.
A sit‐and‐wait predator, but not an active‐pursuit predator, alters pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits
Authors: Benoit Amanda D. , Caruso Christina M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndirect species interactions are ubiquitous in nature, often outnumbering direct species interactions. Yet despite evidence that indirect interactions have strong ecological effects, relatively little is known about whether they can shape adaptive evolution by altering the strength and/or direction of natural selection. We tested whether indirect interactions affect the strength and direction of pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits of the bumble‐bee pollinated wildflower Lobelia siphilitica. We estimated the indirect effects of two pollinator predators with contrasting hunting modes: dragonflies (Aeshnidae and Corduliidae) and ambush bugs (Phymata americana, Reduviidae). Because dragonflies are active pursuit predators, we hypothesized that they would strengthen pollinator‐mediated selection by weakening plant–pollinator interactions (i.e., a density‐mediated indirect effect). In contrast, because ambush bugs are sit‐and‐wait predators, we hypothesized that they would weaken or reverse the direction of pollinator‐mediated selection by altering pollinator foraging behavior (i.e., a trait‐mediated indirect effect). Specifically, if ambush bugs hunt from plants with traits that attract pollinators (i.e., prey), then pollinators will spend less time visiting those plants, weakening or reversing the direction of selection on attractive floral traits. We did not find evidence that high dragonfly abundance strengthened selection on floral traits via a density‐mediated indirect effect: neither pollen limitation (a proxy for the strength of plant–pollinator interactions) nor directional selection on floral traits of L. siphilitica differed significantly between high‐ and low‐dragonfly abundance treatments. In contrast, we did find evidence that ambush bug presence affected selection on floral traits via a trait‐mediated indirect effect: ambush bugs hunted from L. siphilitica plants with larger daily floral displays, reversing the direction of pollinator‐mediated selection on daily display size. These results suggest that indirect species interactions have the potential to shape adaptive evolution by altering natural selection.
Gas Adsorption in R2‐MOF‐5 Difunctionalized with Alkyl Groups
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Kobayashi Sho , Iihama Teruyuki , Minoura Mao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinc terephthalate metal−organic framework (MOF) MOF‐5 and some of its dialkylated derivatives (R2‐MOF‐5; R=Me, Et, Pr, Bu) were obtained from a solvothermal synthesis using 2,5‐dialkyl‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acids with zinc nitrite. The effect of the solvent on the solvothermal synthesis of R2‐MOF‐5 was investigated. For R=H and Me, interpenetrating or non‐interpenetrating MOFs obtained depending on the choice of reaction solvent, while for R=Et, Pr, and Bu, no such solvent effect was observed, and only jungle‐gym‐type MOFs were generated. All compounds were fully characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After activation, all these compounds exhibit significant porosity, as confirmed by N2‐, H2‐, and CO2‐sorption experiments. The N2‐adsorption capacity of these compounds depends on the size of the attached alkyl groups, while the H2‐uptake values tend to increase for the alkyl‐functionalized MOFs relative to the unfunctionalized parent MOFs and exhibit a maximum value for Pr2‐MOF‐5.
Half‐Sandwich (η6‐Benzene)Ruthenium(II) Complex of Picolyl Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene as an Efficient Catalyst for Thioether Directed C−H Alkenylation of Arenes
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Sharma Charu , Srivastava Avinash K. , Satrawala Naveen , Sharma Kamal N. , Joshi Raj K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this report, a half‐sandwich (η6‐benzene)Ru(II) complex of picolyl functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and efficiently used for the alkenylation arenes through thioether directed C−H bond activation. The thioether functionality of the substrate directed a selective ortho‐vinylation through C−H bond activation. Moreover, reaction significantly works under mild reaction conditions than the previously reported ones which use the precious noble metal catalyst including the Pd(II), Rh(III), and Ir(III). Broad substrate scope using several benzyl thioethers and vinyl were found to be well tolerated for the present catalytic reaction to produces moderate to good yields of the desired products. Moreover, it is the first report where a Ru‐based catalyst was used for the alkenylation of thioethers.
Analytical analysis of anisotropic thermophoresis of a charged spheroidal colloid in aqueous media for extremely thin EDL cases
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhu Changxing , Bian Kun , Yang Mingyuan , Yang Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermophoresis of charged spheroids has been widely applied in biology and medical science. In this work, we report an analysis of the anisotropic thermophoresis of diluted spheroidal colloids in aqueous media for extremely thin EDL cases. Under the boundary layer approximation, we formulate the thermophoretic velocity, the thermophoretic force, and the thermodiffusion coefficient of a randomly dispersed spheroid. The parametric studies show that under the aforementioned conditions, the thermophoresis is anisotropic and its thermodiffusion coefficient should be considered as a vector, DT. The thermodiffusion coefficient values and directions of DT are strongly related to the aspect ratio and the angle θ between the externally applied temperature gradient and the particle's axis of revolution: The increasing aspect ratio enlarges the thermodiffusion coefficient value DT of prolate (oblate) spheroids to a constant value when θ < 60° (θ > 45°), and it reduces DT of prolate (oblate) spheroids to a constant value when θ > 60° (θ < 45°). The thermodiffusion coefficient direction of both prolate and oblate spheroids deviates slightly from −∇T∞ for a small aspect ratio, and such deviation becomes serious for a large aspect ratio.