bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational modeling and data‐driven homogenization of knitted membranes
Authors: Herath Sumudu , Xiao Xiao , Cirak Fehmi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnitting is an effective technique for producing complex three‐dimensional surfaces owing to the inherent flexibility of interlooped yarns and recent advances in manufacturing, providing better control of local stitch patterns. Fully yarn‐level modeling of large‐scale knitted membranes is not feasible. Therefore, we use a two‐scale homogenization approach and model the membrane as a Kirchhoff‐Love shell on the macroscale and as Euler‐Bernoulli rods on the microscale. The governing equations for both the shell and the rod are discretized with cubic B‐spline basis functions. For homogenization, we consider only the in‐plane response of the membrane. The solution of the nonlinear microscale problem requires a significant amount of time due to the large deformations and the enforcement of contact constraints, rendering conventional online computational homogenization approaches infeasible. To sidestep this problem, we use a pretrained statistical Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to map the macroscale deformations to macroscale stresses. During the offline learning phase, the GPR model is trained by solving the microscale problem for a sufficiently rich set of deformation states obtained by either uniform or Sobol sampling. The trained GPR model encodes the nonlinearities and anisotropies present in the microscale and serves as a material model for the membrane response of the macroscale shell. The bending response can be chosen in dependence of the mesh size to penalize the fine out‐of‐plane wrinkling of the membrane. After verifying and validating the different components of the proposed approach, we introduce several examples involving membranes subjected to tension and shear to demonstrate its versatility and good performance.
Dyslexia: Links with schizotypy and neurological soft signs
Authors: Barkus Emma , de Leede‐Smith Saskia , Roodenrys Steven , Horsley Lauren , Matrini Shannen , Mison Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbnormalities in language processing, psychological distress, and subtle neurodevelopmental features called neurological soft signs (NSS) are expressed by people with dyslexia and those scoring highly on schizotypy. We investigated whether the expression of NSS, distress, and schizotypy predicted dyslexia status. Participants (N = 96, 48 dyslexic) selected to be age and sex matched, completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, Neurological Evaluation Scale, and the National Adult Reading Test (NART; a measure of verbal intelligence). Dyslexia status was predicted by higher total NSS and disorganized schizotypy scores in the absence of NART. However, even with the inclusion of NART, disorganized schizotypy remained a significant predictor. The findings suggest that disorganized features of schizotypy could be a significant factor for those with dyslexia. Conversely, more attention needs to be given to developmental language disorders in those who score highly on schizotypy.
Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 12
Authors: Peach Daniel AH , Almond Max , Ko Elton , Meraj Sanam , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Cheese and cheese infusions: ecological traps for mosquitoes and spotted wing Drosophila by Daniel AH Peach et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6603. Image Credit: Sean McCann.
image
Advances in Chip‐Scale Quantum Photonic Technologies
Authors: Lu Liangliang , Zheng Xiaodong , Lu Yanqing , Zhu Shining , Ma Xiao‐Song 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantum photonic system has made remarkable achievements in computing and communication. Serving as quantum information carriers, photons are flying qubits and robust against decoherence, emerging as a desirable platform to make quantum processor a reality. However, with system's complexity and functionality scaling up, the requirements for stability, programmability, and manufacturability will be in high demand. Integrated photonics, compatible with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor fabrication, has overwhelming dominance in terms of density and performance, making it an unrivaled contender for large‐scale quantum information processing (QIP). To improve the performance of individual blocks and integrate them on a common substrate is one of the core tasks for a practical quantum processor. Here, the recent advances in components that constitute quantum photonic systems on silicon photonics platform, including sources, modulators, and detectors are reviewed. Burgeoning quantum photonics applications, such as multi‐dimensional, multi‐photon QIP and integrated quantum key distribution are highlighted.
Dismantling power asymmetries in disaster and emergency management research: Another argument for the application of critical theory
Authors: Leach Kirk , Rivera Jason D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently there has been a renewed call for research that seeks to understand the experiences of historically marginalized groups as a means of addressing inequities in governmental treatment and service provision. Although this call has been issued across all of the social sciences, its manifestation in the realm of disaster and emergency management has been limited based on the discipline's lack of use of critical methods within research designs. We argue that this is not necessarily a byproduct of a lack of interest in the experiences of minority populations or addressing inequity, but due a lack of understanding on how to use critical theory as a framework for research design in emergency and disaster management. As such, this conceptual paper offers insight into the need and value of critical theory as a means of structuring research. To aid the practices of other researchers, we offer two potential methods among many, critical ethnography and storytelling, as options for approaching critical research in emergency and disaster management.
A fully self‐powered, natural‐light‐enabled fiber‐optic vibration sensing solution
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Man Ho‐Yin , Meng Cuiling , Liu Pengcheng , Li Shaoxin , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Zi Yunlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFiber‐optic sensors have been developed to monitor the structural vibration with advantages of high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), flexibility, and capability to achieve multiplexed or distributed sensing. However, the current fiber‐optic sensors require precisely polarized coherent lasers as the lighting sources, which are expensive in cost and suffer from the power supply issues while operating at outdoor environments. This work aims at solving these issues, through developing a fully self‐powered, natural‐light‐enabled approach. To achieve that, a spring oscillator‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), and an optical fiber were integrated. The external vibration drove the PNLC to switch its transparency, allowing the variation of the incident natural light in the optical fiber. Compared with the majority of conventional TENG‐based active vibration sensors, the developed paradigm does not suffer from the EMI, without requirements of the signal preamplification which consumes additional energy. The vibration displacement monitoring was performed to validate the sensing effectiveness of the developed paradigm.
Typifications of the N.L. Burman and Linnaean names in Polygala, Polygalaceae
Authors: Pastore José Floriano Barêa , Martinez Agustina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe historical context and typifications of a number of not yet typified Linnaean names in Polygala (P. acutifolia, P. aspalatha, P. brasiliensis, P. chamaebuxus, P. microphylla, P. penaea, P. sibirica, P. theezans) are presented, along with the identities of P. acutifolia and P. theezans. Bartolomeo di Panigai, a cartographer in the Portuguese boundary commission sent on an expedition to establish borders between Portugal and Spain in accordance with the Treaty of Madrid (signed in 1750), is suggested as the likely collector of P. aspalatha and P. brasiliensis. Three of N.L. Burman's names (P. pinnata, P. thea, P. triphylla) are revised, and two new combinations, Indigofera pinnata and Wiborgia triphylla, the legume species originally described by N.L. Burman in genus Polygala, are presented.
Computed tomographic assessment of the completeness of arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy in dogs with medial coronoid disease
Authors: Renner Carina , Medl Nikola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundUntil recent years, arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy has been the universally accepted treatment for medial coronoid disease but has variable clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the completeness of arthroscopic medial coronoid debridement and to detect the most vulnerable location of failure.MethodsEighty‐three dogs with a diagnosis of medial coronoid disease were included in the study. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 92 elbow joints, and the completeness of removal was assessed by postoperative computed tomography scans.ResultsPathological changes were confined to the coronoid apex in 92/92 (100%) of cases and combined with radial incisure lesions in 39/92 (42%). Apical lesions were completely removed in 66/92 (72%) of cases and radial incisure lesions in 2/39 (5%). Bony remnants were detected at the apex (46%) and base (24%) of the medial coronoid process, free within the elbow joint (9%), and/or within the instrument port (84%). Fissures were positively associated with the occurrence of bony remnants (p = 0.038) and a 37% higher probability of incomplete removal of radial incisure lesions (p = 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, incomplete removal was more likely to occur in the presence of radial incisure lesions. Thorough assessment of this region during arthroscopy is strongly recommended.
Nigeria's financing of health care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations
Authors: Aregbeshola Bolaji S. , Folayan Morenike O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn analysis of the financing of Nigeria's health‐care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was conducted. Nigeria projected that it would need US$330 million to control its COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it raised more than US$560.52 million, of which more than 90% came from the private sector and the donor/philanthropist community. The pooled COVID‐19 fund is mainly being expended on temporary public health and clinical care measures, with little invested to strengthen the health system beyond the pandemic. The poor turn‐around time for COVID‐19 test results and the stigma associated with the disease results in most persons with mild to moderate symptoms seeking care from alternatives to the health‐care institutions designated for COVID‐19 health care. The huge out‐of‐pocket expenses, and the inability of most Nigerians to earn money because of measures instituted to contain the pandemic, will likely cause many Nigerians to become economically impoverished by the COVID‐19 pandemic. COVID‐19‐related commodity procurement was least responsive to the needs of those most in need of care and support. The government needs to institute several fiscal policies. Immediate response to ease the financial impact of COVID‐19 require inclusion of COVID‐19 management in health insurance packages and an increase in domestic government health spending.
The role of circulating galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal and Mendelian randomisation analyses
Authors: Drake Isabel , Fryk Emanuel , Strindberg Lena , Lundqvist Annika , Rosengren Anders H. , Groop Leif , Ahlqvist Emma , Borén Jan , Orho-Melander Marju , Jansson Per-Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Galectin-1 modulates inflammation and angiogenesis, and cross-sectional studies indicate that galectin-1 may be a uniting factor between obesity, type 2 diabetes and kidney function. We examined whether circulating galectin-1 can predict incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged population, and if Mendelian randomisation (MR) can provide evidence for causal direction of effects.

Methods
Participants (n = 4022; 58.6% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study–Cardiovascular Cohort enrolled between 1991 and 1994 (mean age 57.6 years) were examined. eGFR was calculated at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 16.6 ± 1.5 years. Diabetes status was ascertained through registry linkage (mean follow-up of 18.4 ± 6.1 years). The associations of baseline galectin-1 with incident CKD and type 2 diabetes were assessed with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors. In addition, a genome-wide association study on galectin-1 was performed to identify genetic instruments for two-sample MR analyses utilising the genetic associations obtained from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) Consortium (41,395 cases and 439,303 controls) and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). One genome-wide significant locus in the galectin-1 gene region was identified (sentinel SNP rs7285699; p = 2.4 × 10−11). The association between galectin-1 and eGFR was also examined in individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes from the All New Diabetics In Scania (ANDIS) cohort.

Results
Galectin-1 was strongly associated with lower eGFR at baseline (p = 2.3 × 10−89) but not with incident CKD. However, galectin-1 was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (per SD increase, HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Two-sample MR analyses could not ascertain a causal effect of galectin-1 on CKD (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82, 1.02) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98, 1.14) in a general population. However, in individuals with type 2 diabetes from ANDIS who belonged to the severe insulin-resistant diabetes subgroup and were at high risk of diabetic nephropathy, genetically elevated galectin-1 was significantly associated with higher eGFR (p = 5.7 × 10−3).

Conclusions/interpretation
Galectin-1 is strongly associated with lower kidney function in cross-sectional analyses, and two-sample MR analyses suggest a causal protective effect on kidney function among individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of diabetic nephropathy. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms by which galectin-1 affects kidney function and whether it could be a useful target among individuals with type 2 diabetes for renal improvement.

Graphical abstract
A strategy for on-machine springback measurement in rotary draw bending using digital image-based laser tracking
Authors: Ha Taekwang , Welo Torgeir , Ringen Geir , Wang Jyhwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rotary draw bending is a commonly used metal forming technique for profile bending. Due to the elastic recovery of the material, springback compensation to control the bent product quality is one of the critical manufacturing issues. The realized bend angle has to be measured for springback compensation before removing the profile from the machine, and the bending process can follow an iterative approach until the product quality is satisfied. However, this trial-and-error is costly for batch production in manufacturing. An on-machine measurement technique is therefore developed to measure springback in rotary draw bending with an affordable laser and a webcam. An image processing technology is integrated with the manufacturing process to track the deformation and measure springback angle in real time, eliminating the need for the workpiece to be transferred to a measurement device. In this paper, bending experiments were conducted with AA6082 rectangular hollow profiles bent at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles, and springback angles from the conventional manual measurement were compared to that from the on-machine measurement. Since the difference in springback measurement between the proposed and the conventional methods was within 0.15° on average, it is demonstrated that the laser tracking, on-machine measurement is a feasible real-time springback measurement technique for Industry 4.0.
Trends of incidence and treatment strategies for operatively treated distal fibula fractures from 2005 to 2019: a nationwide register analysis
Authors: Milstrey Alexander , Baumbach Sebastian Felix , Pfleiderer Alexander , Evers Julia , Boecker Wolfgang , Raschke Michael J , Polzer Hans , Ochman Sabine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Valid epidemiological data about distal fibular fractures and their treatment strategies are missing. Innovative osteosynthesis techniques were introduced and improved during the past 15 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic development and the implementation of new treatment strategies in a nationwide register in Germany over a period of 15 years.

Materials and methods
Data of the German Federal Statistical Office from 2005 until 2019 were screened. Adults with a fracture of the distal fibula were included. Data were separated for gender, age and treatment strategy.

Results
During the past 15 years, there was a steady annual incidence of distal fibula fractures of 74 ± 32 per 100,000 people without any significant changes (p = 0.436). 60.1% ± 0.6% of all fractures occurred in females. The annual incidence for male was nearly constant over the different age groups, whereas for female, there was a clear increase in incidence above the age of 40. Whereas 66% of fractures in between 20 and 30 years of age occurred in male, approximately 70% of fractures above the age of 60 occurred in females. The relative quantity of locking plates increased from 2% in 2005 to 34% in 2019. In 2019, only 1.02% of the patients were operated with an intramedullary nail.

Conclusions
Operatively treated distal fibular fractures revealed an age dependent increase in incidence in postmenopausal women compared to younger females. Regarding the treatment strategy, there was an increase in application of locking plates. The data implicate a typical fragility fracture related age and gender distribution for distal fibula fractures.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of hydrocephalus in neurosarcoidosis: a retrospective cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: ten Dam Leroy , van de Beek Diederik , Brouwer Matthijs C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrocephalus is reported in approximately one-tenth of neurosarcoidosis patients. However, data on clinical characteristics and outcome are lacking. In this retrospective study, we present 11 patients with neurosarcoidosis and hydrocephalus on neuroimaging. Median age was 52 years and seven were female (64%). Presenting symptoms consisted of headache in 8 out of 11 (73%), vertigo in 5 (46%), gait abnormalities in 4 (36%), diplopia in 2 (18%) and decreased visual acuity in 1 (9%). Cranial imaging showed obstructive hydrocephalus in 10 (91%) and non-obstructive hydrocephalus in 1 (9%) out of 11, obstruction occurred at the level of the fourth ventricle in 6 out of 10 (60%). Treatment consisted of glucocorticoids in all the patients with additional methotrexate or azathioprine in 6 (55%) and infliximab in 1 (9%) patient. Neurosurgical intervention was performed in 10 out of 11 (91%) patients. Treatment led to remission, improvement or stabilization of disease in 9 out of 10 (90%) of patients. One patient died due to cerebral herniation despite neurosurgical decompression and CSF shunting. Median modified Rankin scale score at last follow-up was 2 (range 0–6). A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on hydrocephalus due to neurosarcoidosis identified 36 patients that compared to our patients had a lower median age at onset and a higher mortality. Acute obstructive hydrocephalus due to neurosarcoidosis is a potentially fatal medical emergency requiring neurosurgical intervention and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. If patients survive the initial phase, the outcome is generally favorable.
Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France
Authors: Bureau Mathilde , Béziat Béatrix , Duporté Geoffroy , Bouchart Valérie , Lecluse Yannick , Barron Emmanuelle , Garrigou Alain , Dévier Marie-Hélène , Budzinski Hélène , Lebailly Pierre , Baldi Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
Although apple trees are heavily sprayed, few studies have assessed the pesticide exposure of operators and workers in apple orchards. However, these data are crucial for assessing the health impact of such exposures. The aim of this study was to measure pesticide exposure in apple growing according to tasks and body parts.

Methods
A non-controlled field study was conducted in apple orchards in 4 regions of France during the 2016 and 2017 treatment seasons. Workers’ external contamination and their determinants were assessed over 156 working days corresponding to 30 treatment days, 68 re-entry days and 58 harvesting days. We measured pesticide dermal contamination during each task and made detailed observations of work characteristics throughout the day. Captan and dithianon were used as markers of exposure.

Results
The median dermal contamination per day was 5.50 mg of captan and 3.33 mg of dithianon for operators, 24.39 mg of captan and 1.84 mg of dithianon for re-entry workers, and 5.82 mg of captan and 0.74 mg of dithianon for harvesters. Thus, workers performing re-entry tasks, especially thinning and anti-hail net opening, presented higher contamination, either equal to or higher than in operators. For these last ones, mixing/loading and equipment cleaning were the most contaminating tasks. Most of the contamination was observed on workers’ hands in all tasks, except for net-opening in which their heads accounted for the most daily contamination.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of taking indirect exposures into account during re-entry work in apple growing.
Neurointensive care of traumatic brain injury in the elderly—age-specific secondary insult levels and optimal physiological levels to target need to be defined
Authors: Lenell Samuel , Lewén Anders , Howells Timothy , Enblad Per 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Elderly patients with traumatic brain injury increase. Current targets and secondary insult definitions during neurointensive care (NIC) are mostly based on younger patients. The aim was therefore to study the occurrence of predefined secondary insults and the impact on outcome in different ages with particular focus on elderly.

Methods
Patients admitted to Uppsala 2008–2014 were included. Patient characteristics, NIC management, monitoring data, and outcome were analyzed. The percentage of monitoring time for ICP, CPP, MAP, and SBP above-/below-predefined thresholds was calculated.

Results
Five hundred seventy patients were included, 151 elderly ≥ 65 years and 419 younger 16–64 years. Age ≥ 65 had significantly higher percentage of CPP > 100, MAP > 120, and SBP > 180 and age 16–64 had higher percentage of ICP ≥ 20, CPP ≤ 60, and MAP ≤ 80. Age ≥ 65 contributed independently to the different secondary insult patterens. When patients in all ages were analyzed, low percentage of CPP > 100 and SBP > 180, respectively, was significant predictors of favorable outcome and high percentage of ICP ≥ 20, CPP > 100, SBP ≤ 100, and SBP > 180, respectively, was predictors of death. Analysis of age interaction showed that patients ≥ 65 differed and had a higher odds for favorable outcome with large proportion of good monitoring time with SBP > 180.

Conclusions
Elderly ≥ 65 have different patterns of secondary insults/physiological variables, which is independently associated to age. The finding that SBP > 180 increased the odds of favorable outcome in the elderly but decreased the odds in younger patients may indicate that blood pressure should be treated differently depending on age.