bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Two‐Component Chemically Reactive Supramolecular Assemblies‐Acyl Migration Reactions in Cocrystals of Napthalene‐2,3‐Diol and Its Diesters
Authors: Bahadur Vir , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Tamboli Majid I. , Krishnaswamy Shobhana , Shashidhar Mysore S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReactions in solids are of contemporary interest due to applications in pharmaceutical industries to environmental sustainability. Although several reactive crystals that support chemical reactions have been identified and characterized, the same cannot be said about reactive cocrystals. Earlier we correlated the facile acyl group transfer reactions in crystals with supramolecular parameters obtained from the crystal structures. The structure‐reactivity correlation revealed the requirement of proper juxtaposition of electrophile (C=O) and the nucleophile (OH) with distance (∼3.2 Å) and angle (∼90°) along the chain structure. The current article describes the preparation of cocrystals that are capable of supporting intermolecular acyl group transfer reactions in a group of structurally similar molecules. The cocrystals of naphthalene 2,3‐diol and its corresponding diesters showed a facile solid state acyl transfer reaction, which has been well correlated with their crystal structures.
Steady‐State Pre‐rRNA Analysis to Investigate the Functional Microbiome
Authors: Weigel Kris M. , Olson Alaina M. , Cangelosi Gerard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiome is recognized as a critical regulator of human diseases. Constituents of the microbiota and their individual activities can affect a broad range of disease states related to autoimmunity, cancer, infection, metabolism, mental health, and toxicant exposure. A substantial number of microbiome species are not culturable, limiting their study in vitro. Sequencing methods have allowed quantification of the composition of the microbiome, but methods to characterize the physiological status of bacterial species remain limited. Ribosomal RNA precursors (pre‐rRNAs) are species‐specific intermediates in bacterial ribosomal synthesis, and their levels are highly responsive to environmental changes. Immediately before and during active growth, pre‐rRNA levels are high, whereas in non‐dividing cells, copy numbers are orders of magnitude lower. These dynamics are conserved in all bacterial species and occur exclusively in viable cells, allowing the specific characterization of living and functional bacteria in their native states. Pre‐rRNA analysis has been shown to yield valuable real‐time information on the physiology of individual bacterial species within complex samples, beyond what traditional qPCR and sequencing methods can offer. Herein, we describe a PCR‐based protocol to interrogate and quantify the in situ growth status of bacterial species of interest within a complex microbiome. We also describe an in vitro protocol to characterize the pre‐rRNA/growth relationship for a given bacterial species to provide greater context for values obtained from natural samples. Improved understanding of microbial physiological responses to exposures could reveal novel toxicological mechanisms, biomarkers, and potential treatments. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Targeted steady‐state pre‐rRNA analysisSupport Protocol: Characterization of pre‐rRNA/growth relationship
Shame and eating disorders symptoms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nechita Diana‐Mirela , Bud Samuel , David Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveNumerous empirical studies and theoretical models posit that shame is a common experience among individuals across the eating disorder spectrum. In this study we aim to investigate the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms using a meta‐analytical approach.MethodIn this meta‐analysis, we synthesized findings from 195 studies to examine the proposed association between shame and eating disorders symptoms. We looked at the associations with both general eating disorders symptoms and with specific eating disorders symptoms (i.e., anorexic, bulimic, and binge‐eating symptoms). Moderation analyses testing for the effect of type of shame, type of eating symptoms, clinical status, quality of the study, age, and gender were conducted.ResultsShame was significantly associated with a medium to large effect size with all types of eating disorders symptoms (rs between .40 and .52). Body shame (r = .55) and shame around eating (r = .59) were more strongly related with eating disorders pathology. Type of eating disorders symptoms did not moderate the relationship between shame and disturbed eating.DiscussionOverall, the magnitude of the effect size of the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms is a medium to large one. Body shame and shame around eating seem to be the types of shame most closely tied with eating disorders symptoms, suggesting that directly targeting them in interventions might be highly beneficial. Findings highlight current gaps in the literature (e.g., mostly correlational studies, low quality studies) with implications for future research.
Functional diversity of avian communities increases with canopy height: From individual behavior to continental‐scale patterns
Authors: Remeš Vladimír , Remešová Eva , Friedman Nicholas R. , Matysioková Beata , Rubáčová Lucia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVegetation complexity is an important predictor of animal species diversity. Specifically, taller vegetation should provide more potential ecological niches and thus harbor communities with higher species richness and functional diversity (FD). Resource use behavior is an especially important functional trait because it links species to their resource base with direct relevance to niche partitioning. However, it is unclear how exactly the diversity of resource use behavior changes with vegetation complexity. To address this question, we studied avian FD in relation to vegetation complexity along a continental‐scale vegetation gradient. We quantified foraging behavior of passerine birds in terms of foraging method and substrate use at 21 sites (63 transects) spanning 3,000 km of woodlands and forests in Australia. We also quantified vegetation structure on 630 sampling points at the same sites. Additionally, we measured morphological traits for all 111 observed species in museum collections. We calculated individual‐based, abundance‐weighted FD in morphology and foraging behavior and related it to species richness and vegetation complexity (indexed by canopy height) using structural equation modeling, rarefaction analyses, and distance‐based metrics. FD of morphology and foraging methods was best predicted by species richness. However, FD of substrate use was best predicted by canopy height (ranging 10–30 m), but only when substrates were categorized with fine resolution (17 categories), not when categorized coarsely (8 categories). These results suggest that, first, FD might increase with vegetation complexity independently of species richness, but whether it does so depends on the studied functional trait. Second, patterns found might be shaped by how finely we categorize functional traits. More complex vegetation provided larger "ecological space" with more resources, allowing the coexistence of more species with disproportionately more diverse foraging substrate use. We suggest that the latter pattern was driven by nonrandom accumulation of functionally distinct species with increasing canopy height.
Plant–soil feedbacks depend on drought stress, functional group, and evolutionary relatedness in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Martorell Carlos , MartÍnez‐Blancas Alejandra , García‐Meza Diego 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlant–soil feedback (PSF) occurs when plants change the biota and physicochemical properties of the soil, and these changes affect future survival or growth of plants. PSF depends on several factors such as plant functional attributes (e.g., life cycle or photosynthetic metabolism) and the environment. PSF often turn positive under dry conditions because soil biota confers drought tolerance. Conspecifics and close relatives share pathogens and consume similar resources, exerting negative PSF on each other. These ideas have mostly been tested under controlled conditions, while field studies remain scarce. To reevaluate these findings in nature, we analyzed plant–soil feedbacks over a drought‐stress gradient in a phosphorus‐limited semiarid grassland. We planted seedlings of 17 species in plots where community composition had been monitored for six years. To determine PSF intensity, we measured how seedling longevity was affected by previous occupancy of conspecifics and heterospecifics. The previous occupancy–survival relationship (OSR) was used as a proxy for PSF. Evidence for OSRs was found in one‐third of the species pairs, with inconclusive evidence for the rest suggesting weak feedbacks. This is in line with the expectation that PSFs in the field are weaker than under controlled conditions. As expected, positive PSFs were more frequent as drought stress increased. The strongest OSRs were caused in dry plots by C4 perennial grasses, which had very positive OSRs on several C3 annual forbs, but negative effects on each other. Well‐documented differences between these two functional groups may explain this result: C3 plants are more sensitive to drought, and thus may be favored by tolerance‐conferring microbiota; in contrast, water‐efficient C4 perennial grasses compete for phosphorus strongly, perhaps driving strong negative PSFs between them. Finally, close relatives had more negative OSRs on each other than on distant relatives as expected, although only in dry plots. This pattern was mostly due to the negative effects of closely related C4 grasses under dry conditions, and their positive effects on distantly related dicots. Our results highlight the importance of plant traits and of the environmental context in determining the direction and strength of PSFs under field conditions.
Heart failure associated with imported malaria: a nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Brainin Philip , Mohr Grimur Høgnason , Modin Daniel , Claggett Brian , Silvestre Odilson M. , Shah Amil , Vestergaard Lasse S. , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Hviid Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Solomon Scott , Schou Morten , Gislason Gunnar H. , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsDespite adequate treatment, recent studies have hypothesized that malaria may affect long‐term cardiovascular function. We aimed to investigate the long‐term risk of cardiovascular events and death in individuals with a history of imported malaria in Denmark.MethodsUsing nationwide Danish registries, we followed individuals with a history of malaria for the risk of incident heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular death and all‐cause death (1 January 1994 to 1 January 2017). The population was age‐ and sex‐matched with individuals without a history of malaria from the Danish population (ratio 1:9). We excluded patients with known HF and ischaemic heart disease at inclusion.ResultsWe identified 3912 cases with a history of malaria (mean age 33 ± 17 years, 57% male, 41% Plasmodium falciparum infections). The median follow‐up was 9.8 years (interquartile range 3.9–16.4 years). Event rates per 1000 person‐years for individuals with a history vs. no history of malaria were HF: 1.84 vs. 1.32; MI: 1.28 vs. 1.30; cardiovascular death: 1.40 vs. 1.77; and all‐cause death: 5.04 vs. 5.28. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, concomitant pharmacotherapy, region of origin, household income and educational level, malaria was associated with HF (HR: 1.59 [1.21–2.09], P = 0.001), but not MI (HR: 1.00 [0.72–1.39], P = 1.00), cardiovascular death (HR: 1.00 [0.74–1.35], P = 0.98) or all‐cause death (HR 1.11 [0.94–1.30], P = 0.21). Specifically, P. falciparum infection was associated with increased risk of HF (HR: 1.64 [1.14–2.36], P = 0.008).ConclusionIndividuals with a history of imported malaria, specifically P. falciparum, may have an increased risk of incident HF.
Investigating the Bismuth Complexes with Benzoazacrown Tri‐ and Tetra‐Acetates
Authors: Egorova Bayirta V. , Matazova Ekaterina V. , Aleshin Gleb Yu. , Zubenko Anastasia D. , Pashanova Anna V. , Konopkina Ekaterina A. , Mitrofanov Artem A. , Smirnova Anastasia A. , Trigub Alexander L. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Fedorova Olga A. , Kalmykov Stepan N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe complexation properties towards Bi3+of benzoazacrown ligands with five (H3BA3A) and six (H4BATA) heteroatoms and corresponding number of acetic arms have been investigated. Complexation constants were determined via potentiometric titration for BA3ABi complex (logβ=26.2) and refined for BATABi complex (logβ=31.7). According to NMR, X‐ray and EXAFS results, chelation of cation by H3BA3A appears to be outside the macrocyclic cavity both in the solid state and in the aqueous solution. This out‐cage location despite the high stability constant causes serum andin vivoinstability of complex of smaller azacrown H3BA3A in contrast to H4BATA. Whereas the larger macrocycle and four pendant arms of H4BATA provide long‐range coordination effectively shielding the cation thereby ensuring high inertnessin vitro, low accumulation of the radionuclide in the organs, and fast clearance.
Electrochemical Detection of Tyrosinase in Cell Lysates at Functionalized Nanochannels via Amplifying of Ionic Current Response
Authors: Shi Lu , Zhang Zhihui , Zhang Limin , Tian Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTyrosinase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of melanin and catecholamine, as well as an important antigen in autoimmunity of vitiligo. However, it is still a challenge to develop a selective and sensitive sensing approach for monitoring of tyrosinase in cell environment. In this work, a sensing strategy based on ion current rectification induced by nanochannels was established to electrochemically detect inactive tyrosinase. Functionalized alumina nanochannels were decorated by tyramine as an electrochemical platform to selectively determine tyrosinase via chemically specific reaction between phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyramine and tyrosinase. On the other hand, Fe2+ was further bonded with dihydroxyl groups generated by tyrosinase in nanochannels to amplify charge changes, resulting in the enhancement on the detection sensitivity for tyrosinase. Based on this principle, the developed electrochemical sensor showed a good linearity towards tyrosinase from 2 to 50 U/mL with a detection limit down to 0.83 U/mL, which can fulfil the requirement for detection of tyrosinase in cells. Eventually, the present electrochemical sensor was successfully employed in the selective and sensitive determination of tyrosinase in cell lysates. The results suggested that the activity of tyrosinase in B16 cells was 1.7‐fold higher than that of Hela cells.
APOE gene ɛ4 allele (388C‐526C) effects on serum lipids and risk of coronary artery disease in southern Chinese Hakka population
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Wu Heming , Yu Zhikang , Huang Qingyan , Zhong Zhixiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the relationship of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods1,129 CAD patients and 1,014 non‐CAD controls were included in the study, and relevant information and medical records were collected. The single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, including rs429358, rs7412 in APOE gene and rs2306283, rs4149056 in SLCO1B1 gene.ResultsThe CAD patients’ average age was 66.3 ± 10.7 years, while 65.5 ± 12.0 years in controls. The frequencies of APOE allele ɛ3, ɛ4, and ɛ2 were 83.01%, 10.08%, and 6.91% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in genotype ɛ3/ɛ4 (χ2 = 8.077, p = 0.005) in CAD patients compared with the controls. The SLCO1B1 genotype *1b/*1b and haplotype *1b showed the highest frequency in the study sample. Moreover, ε4 carriers had significantly lower HDL‐C, Apo‐A1 levels than ε3 carriers among CAD patients, while ε2 carriers showed lower LDL‐C, Apo‐B level, and higher Apo‐A1/Apo‐B level than ε3 and ε4 carriers. In controls, ε2 carriers showed lower LDL‐C and Apo‐B level, higher Apo‐A1, and Apo‐A1/Apo‐B level than ε4 carriers. Logistic regression analysis showed that high LDL‐C and Apo‐B level, low HDL‐C level, smoking, and the ε4 allele were risks for the presence of CAD.ConclusionsAPOE ε4 allele may be associated with susceptibility to CAD in southern Chinese Hakka population. It indicated that the APOE SNPs rs429358 and rs7412 are associated with CAD, but not SNPs rs2306283 and rs4149056 of SLCO1B1 gene.
Synthesis of a new polyunsaturated cationic crosslinker by a new micro‐polycondensation reaction as a critical modifier of polycationic flocculant for purifying dyeing wastewater
Authors: Yang Qiwen , Bai Yu , Hu Menghan , Li Mengxi , Yu Yikai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work explored a complete evolutionary process, from discovering a new reaction and synthesizing a new crosslinker intermediate, to product application in the purification of dyeing wastewater.RESULTSA new micro‐polycondensation reaction between propylacryloyloxypropyldimethylamine and epichlorohydrin was first observed, forming a new polyunsaturated cationic crosslinker (poly (2‐hydroxypropylacryloyloxypropyldimethylammonium chloride) (PHPAC), abbreviating HPAC unit as the repeating unit); meanwhile, this new PHPAC crosslinker was just a critical modifier of a polycationic flocculant. When the thimbleful of PHPAC crosslinkers containing only 0.2% molar percentage of HPAC units were incorporated into a polycationic skeleton of poly (acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC), the application properties of the obtained modified product (known as SC‐PDAC) were greatly improved compared to the unmodified product of PDAC. The cost for preparing the modified product of SC‐PDAC was hardly increased because the quantity of HPAC modifier used was minimal. The multi‐dimension flocculation interactions of SC‐PDAC with the anionic dyes allowed the SC‐PDAC to realize a more efficient purification of dyeing wastewater than the unmodified PDAC. The obtained SC‐PDAC could remove 99.10% of the dyes Reactive Scarlet 3BS and 96.69% of the dyes Methyl Blue when used for purifying the dyeing wastewater. In real engineering applications, the further complex interactions of SC‐PDAC with certain inorganic flocculants and coagulant aids would allow the flocs to be quickly formed, condensed, and aggregated, so as to realize a fast purification of dyeing wastewater within 10 s. The successful implementation of a simulation amplification experiment for treating a 4.0 L dye solution further confirmed that the SC‐PDAC had good potential to be applied in real water treatment engineering.CONCLUSIONSTherefore, as expected, it could be regarded as an economic and facile modification way to obtain the efficient organic cationic flocculant by selecting the PHPAC crosslinker as a critical modifier. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Efficient bioconversion of daptomycin to its nucleus by heterologous expression of deacylase genes in Streptomyces
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Liu Jing , Zhang Hanzhi , Wu Kai , Yang Zhijun , Ning Ruonan , Huang Junhai , Shao Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDaptomycin is an effective clinical drug for treating Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Daptomycin and its derivatives are essential resources for antimicrobial screening and drug development. The daptomycin nucleus is a critical intermediate for producing daptomycin and its derivatives; it is catalysed by deacylase from Actinoplanes utahensis. However, the yield of the daptomycin nucleus was low by the original strain.RESULTSIn this study, the deacylase gene was overexpressed in the heterologous hosts of three different Streptomyces strains, and the efficiency of recombinant Streptomyces coelicolor was higher than that of the other two strains. Daptomycin and its nucleus were isolated, their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and its bioconversion was confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal conditions were a phosphate buffer with 0.2 mol L−1 KCl, pH 7.0, and temperature of 40 °C, with a reaction time >4 h; in these conditions, the bioconversion efficiency increased from 71.04% to 85.02%, which is an increase of 16.44%. In addition, daptomycin nucleus yield could reach 4.36 g L−1 when 8 g L−1 daptomycin was added to the 200 mL reaction system by recombinant S. coelicolor, and the yield was 1.23 g L−1 when 6 g L−1 of daptomycin was introduced into wild‐type strain in a preliminary study for further industrialization applications.CONCLUSIONThese results are helpful for enhancing daptomycin nucleus production in recombinant Streptomyces. Our work could make it possible to commercialise the daptomycin nucleus‐overproducing stains and provide a library of chemical substances for antibacterial screening and drug development. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Inner engineering: Evaluating the utility of mindfulness training to cultivate intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies among first‐year engineering students
Authors: Huerta Mark V. , Carberry Adam R. , Pipe Teri , McKenna Ann F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is clear consensus among influential education reports that an expansive range of intrapersonal (e.g., self‐regulation) and interpersonal competencies (e.g., empathy) highly influence educational and career success. Research on teaching and learning these competencies is limited in engineering education.Purpose/HypothesisThis study explores the impacts of a mindfulness training program on first‐year engineering students and aims to understand potential impacts on the development of intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies.Design/MethodA four‐session mindfulness‐based program was designed, developed, and facilitated to cultivate intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies. Qualitative data were collected from a total of 35 students through a post‐survey (n = 32), 3‐month follow‐up survey (n = 24), and interviews (n = 18). A thematic analysis process accompanied by validity and trustworthiness checks was employed to analyze the data.ResultsThe results suggest that the majority of students became more mindful, which led to improved intrapersonal competencies (e.g., self‐regulation, focus, resilience, and well‐being) and interpersonal competencies (e.g., empathy, communication, teamwork, and leadership).Discussion/ConclusionsThe study provides compelling evidence that mindfulness training can support the development of intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies among engineering students, which can support their overall academic experience, personal, and professional development. Future design and development work will be needed to evaluate the integration and scalability potential of mindfulness training within engineering programs.