bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating patient perspectives in the development of a mobile health intervention to address chronic pain and heavy drinking in primary care: a qualitative study of patients in an urban, safety-net hospital setting
Authors: Palfai Tibor P. , Kratzer Maya P. L. , Morone Natalia E. , Bernstein Judith A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain and heavy drinking are conditions that commonly co-occur among primary care patients. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions that target these conditions individually, engagement and adherence to treatment remain a challenge, and there have been no interventions designed to address both of these conditions together for patients presenting to primary care. This study seeks to incorporate the perspectives of patients regarding symptoms, treatment experiences, views on behavior change, and technology use to develop a tailored, integrated mobile health intervention that addresses both pain and heavy drinking among patients in primary care.

Methods
Twelve participants with moderate or greater chronic pain intensity and heavy drinking were recruited from primary care clinics in a large urban safety-net hospital. One-on-one interviews were recorded and transcribed. Codes were developed from interview transcripts, followed by thematic analysis in which specific meanings were assigned to codes. Participants also completed a series of Likert-based rating scales to evaluate components of the proposed intervention to supplement qualitative interviews.

Results
A number of themes were identified that had implications for intervention tailoring including: ambivalence about changing drinking, low expectations about pain treatment success, desire for contact with a designated provider, common use of smartphones but lack of familiarity with functions as a potential barrier to use, and strategies to maintain engagement and adherence. Evaluative ratings indicated that the proposed intervention content was perceived as helpful and the proposed structure, layout and design of the mobile intervention was acceptable to patients.

Conclusions
Results supported the view that a mobile health intervention delivered via smartphone with electronic coaching is an acceptable method of addressing chronic pain and heavy drinking among patients in primary care. The interviews highlight the need to utilize an intervention approach that addresses motivation to change drinking, sets realistic expectations for change, provides careful attention to training/education of the use of technology components, and fosters engagement through the use of reminders, feedback, and personalized activities.
The influence of supraliminal priming on energy density of food selection: a randomised control trial
Authors: Schlegel Isabelle , Carstairs Sharon A. , Ozakinci Gozde 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Many people exercise because they know it is good for their health. Although this is true, it can make us feel deserving of a reward and lead us to eat more indulgent, less healthy food than if we had not done any exercise. Generally, lower energy-dense (LED) foods are recognised as healthier choices than higher energy-dense (HED) options. Despite our intention to make healthy choices, seeing tempting higher-calorie foods on offer often side-tracks us. Priming is a psychological tool that makes specific changes to our environment that remind us of our motivation to be healthy. This makes it easier to choose a healthier option, by nudging us towards it without us even realising. However, it is currently unclear which method of priming achieves the best results.

Aims
Our study explores whether priming people to expect they will receive LED food leads them to make this healthier choice after exercise, even when also offered tempting less healthy HED foods at the moment of selection.

Methods
Our study observed the foods selected by university athletes after their sports matches. Before the match, half of the participants were primed by asking them to choose a LED snack from the options we offered, which they would receive after the match. The remaining half of participants were not asked this same question. To distract the athletes from our observation of their food choices, participants completed a task prior to choosing their snack, which was disguised as a ‘thank you’ for taking part.

Results
Overall, we found the priming group did not choose LED foods significantly more than the control group, hence priming did not increase LED food selection.

Conclusion
Importantly, our results indicate that priming must be more noticeable to achieve its goal. Additionally, we demonstrated that priming may be less successful for young athletic individuals, compared to older and more overweight adults recruited in other studies. This highlights the importance of studying a broader demographic range of individuals from the general population. We support future research into this area, which will help us to tweak priming to achieve the best outcomes.

Trial registration

ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN74601698. Date registered: 02/10/2020 (retrospectively registered).
Going underground: short- and long-term movements may reveal the fossorial spatial ecology of an amphisbaenian
Authors: Martín José , Ortega Jesús , García-Roa Roberto , Jiménez-Robles Octavio , Rodríguez-Ruiz Gonzalo , Recio Pablo , Cuervo José Javier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe movement and spatial ecology of an animal depends on its morphological and functional adaptations to its environment. In fossorial animals, adaptations to the underground life help to face peculiar ecological challenges, very different from those of epigeal species, but may constrain their movement ability.MethodsWe made a long-term capture-recapture study of the strictly fossorial amphisbaenian reptileTrogonophis wiegmannito analyze its long-term movement patterns. We also used passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry to detect and follow undisturbed individuals underground, obtaining data of their short-term movement patterns.ResultsAmphisbaenians showed a high site fidelity, moving short distances and over small areas, and spending some days without any noticeable movement, even under favorable conditions. We also found differences in movements between sexes and age classes.ConclusionsThis movement and spatial strategy can be related to the energetic constrains of underground burrowing, or to the low metabolic requirements of fossorial reptiles, as distances and areas covered were much smaller than for epigeal reptiles of similar size. Individual differences probably reflect differential reproductive and social requirements of males and females, and that younger individuals might show more floating behavior until they can settle in a territory. This study is a rare example describing the movement ecology of a fossorial species and may contribute to the general understanding of the factors that affect space use and movement decisions in animals.
Space-occupying brain lesions, trauma-related tau astrogliopathy, and ARTAG: a report of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Bachstetter Adam D. , Garrett Filip G. , Jicha Gregory A. , Nelson Peter T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAstrocytes with intracellular accumulations of misfolded phosphorylated tau protein have been observed in advanced-stage chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and in other neurodegenerative conditions. There is a growing awareness that astrocytic tau inclusions are also relatively common in the brains of persons over 70 years of age—affecting approximately one-third of autopsied individuals. The pathologic hallmarks of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) include phosphorylated tau protein within thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSA) in subpial, subependymal, perivascular, and white matter regions, whereas granular-fuzzy astrocytes are often seen in gray matter. CTE and ARTAG share molecular and histopathologic characteristics, suggesting that trauma-related mechanism(s) may predispose to the development of tau astrogliopathy. There are presently few experimental systems to study the pathobiology of astrocytic-tau aggregation, but human studies have made recent progress. For example, leucotomy (also referred to as lobotomy) is associated with a localized ARTAG-like neuropathology decades after the surgical brain injury, suggesting that chronic brain injury of any type may predispose to later life ARTAG. To examine this idea in a different context, we report clinical and pathologic features of two middle-aged men who came to autopsy with large (> 6 cm in greatest dimension) arachnoid cysts that had physically displaced and injured the subjects’ left temporal lobes through chronic mechanical stress. Despite the similarity of the size and location of the arachnoid cysts, these individuals had dissimilar neurologic outcomes and neuropathologic findings. We review the evidence for ARTAG in response to brain injury, and discuss how the location and molecular properties of astroglial tau inclusions might alter the physiology of resident astrocytes. These cases and literature review point toward possible mechanism(s) of tau aggregation in astrocytes in response to chronic brain trauma.
Coping with brain amyloid: genetic heterogeneity and cognitive resilience to Alzheimer’s pathophysiology
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Ramanan Vijay K. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Heckman Michael G. , Knopman David S. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lowe Val J. , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Ross Owen A. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough abnormal accumulation of amyloid in the brain is an early biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), wide variation in cognitive trajectories during life can be seen in the setting of brain amyloidosis, ranging from maintenance of normal function to progression to dementia. It is widely presumed that cognitive resilience (i.e., coping) to amyloidosis may be influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and inherited factors, but relatively little in specifics is known about this architecture. Here, we leveraged multimodal longitudinal data from a large, population-based sample of older adults to discover genetic factors associated with differential cognitive resilience to brain amyloidosis determined by positron emission tomography (PET). Among amyloid-PET positive older adults, the AD risk allele APOE ɛ4 was associated with worse longitudinal memory trajectories as expected, and was thus covaried in the main analyses. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we uncovered a novel association with cognitive resilience on chromosome 8 at the MTMR7/CNOT7/ZDHHC2/VPS37A locus (p = 4.66 × 10–8, β = 0.23), and demonstrated replication in an independent cohort. Post-hoc analyses confirmed this association as specific to the setting of elevated amyloid burden and not explained by differences in tau deposition or cerebrovascular disease. Complementary gene-based analyses and publically available functional data suggested that the causative variant at this locus may tag CNOT7 (CCR4-NOT Transcription Complex Subunit 7), a gene linked to synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Pathways related to cell adhesion and immune system activation displayed enrichment of association in the GWAS. Our findings, resulting from a unique study design, support the hypothesis that genetic heterogeneity is one of the factors that explains differential cognitive resilience to brain amyloidosis. Further characterization of the underlying biological mechanisms influencing cognitive resilience may facilitate improved prognostic counseling, therapeutic application, and trial enrollment in AD.
Separation of magnetotelluric signals based on refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy and orthogonal matching pursuit
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Jin , Li Diquan , Li Yong , Liu Bei , Hu Yanfang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetotelluric (MT) data processing can increase the reliability of measured data. Traditional MT data denoising methods are usually applied to entire MT time-series, which results in the loss of useful MT signals and a decrease of imaging accuracy of electromagnetic inversion. However, targeted MT noise separation can retain part of the signal unaffected by strong noise and enhance the quality of MT responses. Thus, we propose a novel method for MT noise separation that uses the refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (RCMDE) and the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. First, the RCMDE is extracted from each segment of the MT data. Then, the RCMDEs for each segment are input to the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm for automatic identification of the MT signal and noise. Next, the OMP method is utilized to remove the identified noise segments independently. Finally, the reconstructed signal consists of the denoised signal segments and the identified useful signal segments. We conducted simulation experiments and algorithm evaluations on electromagnetic transfer function (EMTF) data, simulated data and measured sites. The results indicate that the RCMDE can improve the stability of multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) and multiscale entropy (ME) by analyzing the characteristics of the signal samples library, effectively distinguishing MT signals and noise. Compared with the existing technique of denoising entire time series, the proposed method uses the RCMDE as characteristic parameter and uses the OMP algorithm for noise separation, simplifies the multi-feature fusion, and improves the accuracy of signal-noise identification. Moreover, the denoising efficiency is accelerated, and the MT response in the low-frequency band is greatly improved.
Production of oligomeric procyanidins by mild steam explosion treatment of grape seeds
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Dan , Wang Aoke , Cheng Li , Wang Wenya , Liu Yanhui , Ullah Sadeeq , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSixty five percent of procyanidins in grape seeds is polymeric procyanidins (PPC), and they could not be assimilated directly by human. To enhance procyanidin assimilation, steam explosion treatment (SE) was used to facilitate the preparation of oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) from grape seeds.ResultsThe results indicate that SE treatment made grape seeds loose and porous, and decreased the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of procyanidins. The procyanidins content and total phenolic content (TPC) were decreased with the increase of SE severity, while the amount of catechin (CA), epicatechin (EC) and epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG) were increased, resulting in significant increase of antioxidant activity.ConclusionsAlthough SE treatment could depolymerize PPC and produce CA/EC/ECG with high yield, it caused the yield loss of total procyanidins. SE treatment is a potential effective method to prepare procyanidins with low degree of polymerization and high antioxidant activity. However, it still needs to study further how to balance the yield of total procyanidins and catechin monomers (CA/EC/ECG).
CircRNA RSF1 regulated ox-LDL induced vascular endothelial cells proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation through modulating miR-135b-5p/HDAC1 axis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaohao , Lu Junying , Zhang Qinghua , Luo Qiang , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common type in cardiovascular disease. Due to its complex pathogenesis, the exact etiology of AS is unclear. circRNA has been shown to play an essential role in most diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of circRNA in AS has been not understood clearly.

Methods
Quantitative Real-Time PCR assay was used to detect the expression of circRSF1, miR-135b-5p and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Western blot was applied to the measure of protein expression of HDAC1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and E-selectin. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay was used to determine the relationship among circRSF1, miR-135b-5p and HDAC1. Besides, an ELISA assay was performed to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8.

Results
In this study, ox-LDL inhibited circRSF1 and HDAC1 expression while upregulated miR-135b-5p expression in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Importantly, ox-LDL could inhibit HUVECs growth. Moreover, promotion of circRSF1 or inhibition of miR-135b-5p induced cell proliferation while inhibited apoptosis and inflammation of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, which was reversed by upregulating miR-135b-5p or downregulating HDCA1 in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. More than that, we verified that circRSF1 directly targeted miR-135b-5p and HDAC1 was a target mRNA of miR-135b-5p in HUVECs.

Conclusion
CircRSF1 regulated ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation through modulating miR-135b-5p/HDAC1 axis in AS, providing new perspectives and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of AS.
Left atrial schwannoma in schwannomatosis: a case report
Authors: Yokoyama Kenji , Yoshizaki Tomoya , Tasaki Dai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary cardiac schwannoma in the left atrium and schwannomatosis are rare diseases.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 46-year-old asymptomatic man who had tumor resection for parapharyngeal schwannoma at another institute 1 year ago. He was presented to our hospital for further evaluation of an abnormal cardiac shadow that was found incidentally. Computed tomography and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a cardiac tumor originating from the posterior wall of the left atrium, an atrial septal defect, and two other mediastinal tumors. The cardiac mass was completely excised with normal margins of the surrounding atrial wall. The post-resection defect and atrial septal defect were repaired using bovine pericardium. Pathological findings were compatible with benign schwannoma, and a diagnosis of schwannomatosis was made based on his medical history.

Conclusion
Primary cardiac schwannoma is an exceedingly rare tumor, and the incidence in schwannomatosis has not been reported in the literature.
Classification of pavement climatic regions through unsupervised and supervised machine learnings
Authors: Dong Qiao , Chen Xueqin , Dong Shi , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study extracted 16 climatic data variables including annual temperature, freeze thaw, precipitation, and snowfall conditions from the Long-term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program database to evaluate the climatic regionalization for pavement infrastructure. The effect and significance of climate change were firstly evaluated using time as the only predictor and t-test. It was found that both the temperature and humidity increased in most States. Around one third of the 800 weather stations record variation of freeze and precipitation classifications and a few of them show significant change of classifications over time based on the results of logistic regression analyses. Three unsupervised machine learning including Principle Component Analysis (PCA), factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to identify the main component and common factors for climatic variables, and then to classify datasets into different groups. Then, two supervised machine learning methods including Fisher’s discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were adopted to predict the climatic regions based on climatic data. Results of PCA and factor analysis show that temperature and humidity are the first two principle components and common factors, accounting for 71.6% of the variance. The 4-means clusters include wet no freeze, dry no freeze, dry freeze and snow freeze. The best k-mean clustering suggested 9 clusters with more temperature clusters. Both the Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis and ANN can effectively predict climatic regions with multiple climatic variables. ANN performs better with higher R square and low misclassification rate, especially for those with more layers and nodes.
Do anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis reflect local and systemic osteoporosis? A study of osteoprotegrin and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand and radiological assessment
Authors: Hussein Manal Shawky , Gaber Rasha Ahmed , Elsabagh Hala Mostafa , Rageh Elsayed Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the most important and dangerous complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is bone loss, which manifested by erosions and juxta-articular or systemic bone loss. Anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies which are also called anti-homocitrulline antibodies have recently been found in RA. Increase anti-CarP antibody titres may lead to severe disease and increase the progression of bone loss. Osteoprotegrin and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B and its ligand (RANKL) are the main players in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Thus, we aimed to investigate and detect the presence and prevalence of anti-CarP in rheumatoid arthritis and their association with disease severity and osteoporosis, as well as with OPG/RANKL in 80 Egyptian RA patients to highlight this relationship which could be useful in managing RA patients with osteoporosis.

Results
Serum anti-CarP levels were significantly increased in the RA group compared with the control group (P< 0.001). We found a negative association between anti-CarP and anti-CCP and disease activity (r=−0.878, −0.534, respectively, P<0.001). We also found a positive correlation between anti-CarP and the Larsen score, DEXA score, RF, HAQ, and RANKL (r=0.646, 0.287, 0.243, 0.892, 0.671, 0.869 [respectively], P<0.001) and there was negative correlation between anti-CarP and OPG (r=−0.553, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Anti-CarP antibodies are associated with disease severity and disability in RA patients. They could play an important and significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in these patients.