bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment-sensitive emission of anionic hydrogen-bonded urea-derivative–acetate-ion complexes and their aggregation-induced emission enhancement
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Ito Nozomu , Haruta Naoki , Ninagawa Hayato , Yazaki Kohei , Sei Yoshihisa , Sato Tohru , Obata Makoto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnions often quench fluorescence (FL). However, strong ionic hydrogen bonding between fluorescent dyes and anion molecules has the potential to control the electronic state of FL dyes, creating new functions via non-covalent interactions. Here, we propose an approach, utilising ionic hydrogen bonding between urea groups and anions, to control the electronic states of fluorophores and develop an aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) system. The AIEE ionic hydrogen-bonded complex (IHBC) formed between 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene (p-2Urea), with aryl urea groups at the para-positions on the peri-phenyl rings, and acetate ions exhibits high environmental sensitivities in solution phases, and the FL quantum yield (QY) in ion-pair assemblies of the IHBC and tetrabutylammonium cations is more than five times higher than that of the IHBC in solution. Our versatile and simple approach for the design of AIEE dye facilitates the future development of environment-sensitive probes and solid-state emitting materials.
Pan-cancer analysis of the effect of biopsy site on tumor mutational burden observations
Authors: Papillon-Cavanagh Simon , Hopkins Julia F. , Ramkissoon Shakti H. , Albacker Lee A. , Walsh Alice M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumor mutational burden (TMB) has been proposed as a predictive biomarker of response to immunotherapy. Efforts to standardize TMB scores for use in the clinic and to identify the factors that could impact TMB scores are of high importance. However, the biopsy collection site has not been assessed as a factor that may influence TMB scores.MethodsWe examine a real-world cohort comprising 137,771 specimens across 47 tissues in 12 indications profiled by the FoundationOne assay (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA) to assess the prevalence of biopsy sites for each indication and their TMB scores distribution.ResultsWe observe a wide variety of biopsy sites from which specimens are sent for genomic testing and show that TMB scores differ in a cancer- and tissue-specific manner. For example, brain or adrenal gland specimens from NSCLC patients show higher TMB scores than local lung specimens (mean difference 3.31 mut/Mb;p < 0.01, 3.90 mut/Mb;p < 0.01, respectively), whereas bone specimens show no difference.ConclusionsOur data shed light on the biopsied tissue as a driver of TMB measurement variability in clinical practice.
AT2R stimulation with C21 prevents arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in the abdominal aorta from mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: González-Blázquez Raquel , Alcalá Martín , Cárdenas-Rebollo José Miguel , Viana Marta , Steckelings Ulrike Muscha , Boisvert William A. , Unger Thomas , Fernández-Alfonso María S. , Somoza Beatriz , Gil-Ortega Marta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, on the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and arterial stiffness associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO).
Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard (Chow) or high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks. Half of the animals of each group were simultaneously treated with C21 (1 mg/kg/day, in the drinking water), generating four groups: Chow C, Chow C21, HF C, and HF C21. Vascular function and mechanical properties were determined in the abdominal aorta. To evaluate ECM remodeling, collagen deposition and TGF-β1 concentrations were determined in the abdominal aorta and the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 was analyzed in the plasma. Abdominal aortas from HF C mice showed endothelial dysfunction as well as enhanced contractile but reduced relaxant responses to Ang II. This effect was abrogated with C21 treatment by preserving NO availability. A left-shift in the tension–stretch relationship, paralleled by an augmented β-index (marker of intrinsic arterial stiffness), and enhanced collagen deposition and MMP-2/-9 activities were also detected in HF mice. However, when treated with C21, HF mice exhibited lower TGF-β1 levels in abdominal aortas together with reduced MMP activities and collagen deposition compared with HF C mice.
In conclusion, these data demonstrate that AT2R stimulation by C21 in obesity preserves NO availability and prevents unhealthy vascular remodeling, thus protecting the abdominal aorta in HF mice against the development of endothelial dysfunction, ECM remodeling and arterial stiffness.
A NuSTAR observation of the eclipsing binary system OAO 1657-415: The revival of the cyclotron line
Authors: Saavedra Enzo A. , Fogantini Federico A. , Combi Jorge A. , García Federico , Chaty Sylvain 
Published: December 2021

Context. OAO 1657-415 is an accreting X-ray pulsar with a high-mass companion that has been observed by several telescopes over the years, in different orbital phases. Back in 1999, observations performed with Beppo-SAX lead to the detection of a cyclotron-resonant-scattering feature, which has not been found again with any other instrument. A recent NuSTAR X-ray observation performed during the brightest phase of the source allows us to perform sensitive searches for cyclotron-resonant-scattering features in the hard X-ray spectrum of the source.
Aims. We aim to characterise the source by means of temporal and spectral X-ray analysis, and to confidently search for the presence of cyclotron-resonant-scattering features.
Methods. The observation was divided into four time intervals in order to characterise each one. Several timing analysis tools were used to obtain the pulse of the neutron star, and the light curves folded into the time intervals. The NuSTAR spectrum in the energy range 3–79 keV was used, which was modelled with a power-law continuum emission model with a high-energy cutoff.
Results. We identify the pulsations associated with the source in the full observation, and find these to be shifted due to the orbital Doppler effect. We show evidence that a cyclotron line at 35.6 ± 2.5 keV is present in the spectrum. We use this energy to estimate the dipolar magnetic field at the pulsar surface to be 4.0 ± 0.2  ×  1012 G. We further estimate a lower limit on the distance to OAO 1657-415 of ≃1 kpc. We also find a possible positive correlation between the luminosity and the energy associated with the cyclotron line.
Conclusions. We conclude that the cyclotron line at 35.6 ± 2.5 keV is the same as that detected by Beppo-SAX. Our detection has a significance of ∼ 3.4σ.
Eco-friendly and Economical Spectrophotometric Estimation of the Low Water-Soluble Drug (Norfloxacin) Applying the Concept of Mixed Hydrotropy
Authors: Soni Ketan , Sharma Kavita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives The main aim of the research was to analyze an economical and eco-friendly approach to improve the solubility of norfloxacin. The current analysis was to utilize the hydrotropic solutions to extract the drugs from their dosage forms, avoiding the use of costlier and harmful organic solvents.
Materials and Methods In this study, an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (model 1800, Shimadzu Corporation) was used to analyze the norfloxacin drug. The mixed hydrotropy approach was used to determine the solubility of norfloxacin. In this work, a blend solution (20% of urea + 20% of sodium benzoate) was used as a hydrotropic solubilizing agent.
Results The solubility of norfloxacin drug in water was very low at ∼0.88 mg/mL and the solubility of norfloxacin drug in the blend solution was 11 mg/mL. From 98.96 (tablet II) to 99.35 (tablet I), the percent estimation value was achieved. This value was nearly 100, so the proposed method was correct. Standard deviation (0.2540–0.4156), percentage coefficient of variation (0.2566–0.4183), and the value of standard error (0.1481–0.2415) are also very low; hence, we can say that the proposed method is accurate.
Conclusion To avoid the use of organic solvents, the mixed hydrotropy concept can be used for spectrophotometric estimation of low water-soluble drugs from bulk drug samples. It provides an economical and environmentally friendly mechanism.
The Hassan Neonatal Morbidity Composite Scale and Neonatal Length of Stay—A Validation Study
Authors: Patil Avinash S. , Grotegut Chad A. , Smith P. Brian , Clark Reese H. , Greenberg Rachel G. 
Published: December 2021

Objective Obstetric studies often report neonatal morbidity as a composite score. Composite scores can simplify data analysis when multiple outcomes of interest are present and allows researchers to conduct smaller, more manageable trials. The Hassan scale is a neonatal morbidity composite scale that assigns high scores to infants with multiple morbidities and low scores to infants without or with single morbidities. The objective of this study was to validate the association between scores on the Hassan scale and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) length of stay
Study Design We conducted a cohort study of all infants born between 22 and 366/7 weeks' gestation and cared for within 419 neonatal units in the Pediatrix Medical Group between 1997 and 2018. Each infant was assigned a Hassan's score based on the number of neonatal morbidity events that occurred during the delivery hospitalization. The association between Hassan's scores and neonatal length of stay was evaluated using linear regression. Multivariable models were constructed to determine if the Hassan score was independently associated with neonatal length of stay.
Results There were 760,037 infants included. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) gestational age of delivery was 34 (31, 35) weeks and the median (IQR) birth weight at delivery was 2,000 (1,503, 2,430) g. The median length of stay for infants discharged home was 17 (10–33) days. A Hassan's score was able to be assigned to 699,206 (92%) patients. Neonatal morbidities included in the Hassan scale were more common among infants born earlier in gestation. On adjusted analysis, the Hassan scale was found to be independently associated with neonatal length of stay (p < 0.001, coefficient = 10.4 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3, 10.4 days]) with higher scores associated with longer lengths of stay.
Conclusion The Hassan scale, more than a binary composite score, is able to differentiate preterm infants with prolonged hospitalizations from those with short hospitalizations.
Key Points
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression among Women with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Zemtsov Gregory E. , Avram Carmen M. , Darling Alice , Dillon Jacquelyn , Wheeler Sarahn , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: December 2021

Objective Patients admitted for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes are more likely to have risk factors for postpartum depression, including preterm delivery, low-birthweight infants, and a stressful life event. However, there is a paucity of data characterizing the development of postpartum depression in this population. We aim to evaluate the incidence of and describe risk factors for postpartum depression among patients admitted with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in a single health system between 2013 and 2019. Patients who developed depression were compared with patients who did not develop depression. Demographic, antepartum/intrapartum/postpartum, and neonatal characteristics were compared. Bivariate statistics were used to compare outcomes and logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios.
Results Of 132 included patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, 25 (18.9%) had postpartum depression. Factors significantly (p < 0.05) associated with postpartum depression included history of depression, anxiety, or any prior mental health condition. Earlier admission gestational age, rupture of membranes < 28 weeks, earlier delivery gestational age, neonatal morbidity, and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis also were significantly associated with postpartum depression. Latency, maternal postpartum length of stay, and neonatal intensive care unit length of stay were not significantly associated. In regression models, only a history of depression (odds ratio [OR], 11.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.78–50.95) and neonatal morbidity (OR, 5.01; 95% CI, 1.15–21.89) remained associated with postpartum depression.
Conclusion Postpartum depression occurred in nearly one in five patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Pre-existing depression and adverse neonatal outcomes strongly predicted postpartum depression. There is an urgent need to prioritize maternal mental health among patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in the peripartum period. Further research is needed to identify optimal resources for mitigating the risk of postpartum depression in this cohort.
Key Points
Directly Measured Costs of Severe Maternal Morbidity Events during Delivery Admission Compared with Uncomplicated Deliveries
Authors: Debbink Michelle P. , Metz Torri D. , Nelson Richard E. , Janes Sophie E. , Kroes Alexandra , Begaye Lori J. , Heuser Cara C. , Smid Marcela C. , Silver Robert M. , Varner Michael W. , Einerson Brett D. 
Published: December 2021

Objective To estimate the actual excess costs of care for delivery admissions complicated by severe maternal morbidity (SMM) compared with uncomplicated deliveries.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries between October 2015 and September 2018 at a single tertiary academic center. Pregnant individuals ≥ 20 weeks' gestation who delivered during a hospital admission (i.e., a “delivery admission”) were included. The primary exposure was SMM, as defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria, CDC criteria excluding blood transfusion, or by validated hospital-defined criteria (intensive care unit admission or ≥ 4 units of blood products). Potential SMM events identified via administrative and blood bank data were reviewed to confirm SMM events had occurred. Primary outcome was total actual costs of delivery admission derived from time-based accounting and acquisition costs in the institutional Value Driven Outcomes database. Cost of delivery admissions with SMM events was compared with the cost of uncomplicated delivery using adjusted generalized linear models, with separate models for each of the SMM definitions. Relative cost differences are reported due to data restrictions.
Results Of 12,367 eligible individuals, 12,361 had complete cost data. Two hundred and eighty individuals (2.3%) had confirmed SMM events meeting CDC criteria. CDC criteria excluding transfusion alone occurred in 1.0% (n = 121) and hospital-defined SMM in 0.6% (n = 76). In adjusted models, SMM events by CDC criteria were associated with a relative cost increase of 2.45 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–2.61) the cost of an uncomplicated delivery. SMM by CDC criteria excluding transfusion alone was associated with a relative increase of 3.26 (95% CI: 2.95–3.60) and hospital-defined SMM with a 4.19-fold (95% CI: 3.64–4.83) increase. Each additional CDC subcategory of SMM diagnoses conferred a relative cost increase of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.43–1.79).
Conclusion SMM is associated with between 2.5- and 4-fold higher cost than uncomplicated deliveries.
Key Points
Munc18-dependent and -independent clustering of syntaxin in the plasma membrane of cultured endocrine cells
Authors: Wan Lei , Chen Xi , Almers Wolfhard 
Published: December 2021

Significance
For exocytosis, a secretory granule recruits three proteins associated with the plasma membrane, syntaxin, SNAP-25, and Munc18. All three form clusters. In artificial lipid bilayers, nonstoichiometric factors such as bilayer composition, thickness, and curvature cause syntaxin to cluster even when it contains little more than its transmembrane domain. We have also observed such clusters in live cells. Where single granules had docked at the plasma membrane, they recruited complexes of syntaxin and Munc18-1 into densely packed clusters. The clusters may impede fusion but are well suited to keep granules anchored at the plasma membrane.
Measuring the buffering capacity of gene silencing in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wu Kenneth , Dhillon Namrita , Du Kelvin , Kamakaka Rohinton T. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Gene silencing, once established, is stably maintained for several generations. Despite the high fidelity of the inheritance of the silent state, individual components of silenced chromatin are in constant flux. Models suggest that silent loci can tolerate fluctuations in Sir proteins and histone acetylation levels, but the level of tolerance is unknown. To understand the quantitative relationships between H4K16 acetylation, Sir proteins, and silencing, we developed assays to quantitatively alter a H4K16 acetylation mimic allele and Sir protein levels and measure the effects of these changes on silencing. Our data suggest that a two- to threefold change in levels of histone marks and specific Sir proteins affects the stability of the silent state of a large chromatin domain.
Horizontal versus vertical force application: association with the change of direction performance in soccer players.
Authors: Robles‐Ruiz Juan , Baena‐Raya Andrés , Jiménez‐Reyes Pedro , Soriano‐Maldonado Alberto , Rodríguez‐Pérez Manuel A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study examined which mechanical variables derived from a vertical jump (i.e. concentric peak force [ConcPF] and eccentric peak force [EccPF], flight time [FT]: contraction time [CT], eccentric deceleration rate of force development [EccDecRFD]) and linear sprint (i.e. theoretical maximal force [F0] and velocity [V0], maximal power output [Pmax], the peak ratio of the effective horizontal component [RFpeak], and the index of force application technique [DRF]) determined the change of direction (COD) performance to a greater extent. Sixteen male soccer players (age: 21.8 ± 2.9 years; height: 175.94 ± 6.88 cm; weight: 73.23 ± 9.59 kg) were assessed for a countermovement jump, the horizontal force velocity (FV) profile, and the COD ZigZag test. The horizontal FV profile parameters were significantly associated with COD performance, while jump mechanical variables did not show any significant association (r = 0.08–0.19; p > 0.05). Specifically, F0 (r = −0.56), Pmax (r = −0.68), and RFpeak (r = −0.54) were strongly associated with COD performance. Moreover, a 1 N·kg−1 increase in F0 was associated with −0.11 s to complete the ZigZag test, whereas 1 W·kg−1 and 1% increase in Pmax and RFpeak were associated with −0.05 and −0.03 s, respectively, to complete the COD test. Horizontal force production during sprinting might play a key role in COD performance. Assessing the horizontal FV profile might help coaches to prescribe a specific training programme to maximize sprint acceleration, which might improve COD performance.
Dzhanibekov effect in a physics classroom
Authors: Lozovenko O , Minaiev Yu , Lutai R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this publication is to present a novel approach to the demonstration of the Dzhanibekov effect. The main idea of our version is to use a lightweight spinning top of a spherical external form but distinct principal moments of inertia floating in the upward flow of air. As a result, the Dzhanibekov effect can be easily demonstrated anywhere on Earth: in any classroom, or even in the ‘home-lab’. The proposed demonstration allows one to observe the periodical flipping motion of the asymmetrical top with the clearly seen quasi-stable rotational phase. It may also become the base for various theoretical and experimental research projects for students.
Micro-features of ambipolar snapback behaviour under high current injection to design capacitorless memory device
Authors: Singh Pragati , Dhar Rudra Sankar , Baishya Srimanta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents micro-features of capacitorless memory cells based on snapback phenomenon and modeling of space-charges. 2—Dimensional gate grounded NMOS structure is specified and its operational window of the memory cell is inspected using the Synopsys TCAD tool. This work examines snapback behaviour in one transistor DRAM memory cell in the absence of a storage capacitor under zero gate bias and applied ramp of high current at the drain terminal. Carrier electrostatics and memory cell mechanisms are also explored by adjusting the slope of the high current ramp. The process variation is examined for different parameters in the device. The current crowding phenomenon due to the injection of electrons and holes is investigated, giving rise to ambipolar behaviour. Due to the snapback, redistribution of electron and hole current is investigated. This work also evaluates the impact on electrostatic potential along channel and bulk under the snapback. It explains the dependency of snapback on potential build-up. Post-snapback electron current flipping presents the flow line near the gate region. The bipolar activity is manifested in surface and bulk regions to show its impact through analytics. The effect of gate biasing is also examined under the applied current ramp.
Impact of hot injected beam on whistler mode with alternating electric field (AC) in the magnetosphere of Saturn
Authors: Shukla Kumari Neeta , Singh Devi , Pandey R S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Whistlers are believed to be generated by its own and responsible to evolve dynamical properties of magnetized planetary environment. Growing whistler instability can cause other uncertainties in the magnetosphere and evident to be generated by mean of injection events and temperature variance in plasma environment. In this paper the empirical dispersion relation has developed for parallel propagating whistler mode instability in an infinite saturnian magneto plasma in the presence of perpendicular electric field for ring distribution function having non-monotonous nature. Method of characteristics solutions alongside kinetic approach found to be most suitable in order to achieve perturbed plasma states. The perturbed and unperturbed particle trajectories have taken into consideration to determine perturbed distribution function. A remarkable growth rate expression with added hot plasma injection has been calculated in inner magnetosphere near 6.18 Rs. The results obtained using demonstrative value of the parameters suited to the Saturnian magnetosphere have been computed and discussed. Pressure (Temperature) anisotropy is found to be a peculiar source of free energy for whistler mode instability. The AC frequency irrespective of its magnitude, affects the growth rate significantly. The bulk of energetic hot electrons injection influences the growth rate by increasing its peak value. The result obtained provide the important view of wave particle interaction and useful to analyze the VLF emissions observed over a wide frequency range.
Comparative Evaluation of Control Techniques of PMSM Drive in Automotive Application
Authors: Shriwastava Rakesh , Deshmukh Satayjit , Tidke Ashwini , Thakre Mohan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper deal with comparative evaluation of control techniques of Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive in automotive application is investigated. The FOC, DTC and proposed SVM-DTC with LC-Snubber circuit are presented. In SVM-DTC, this reduces low torque ripple by using space vector modulated. The parameters of FOC, DTC and proposed SVM-DTC with LC-Snubber method are studied by simulation. The simulation analysis of control method is investigated in terms of speed, current and torque ripples It was observed that the proposed method upgrade the performance of PMSM drive in respect to speed, current ripples, and torque responses