bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Gating of Organic Electrochemical Transistors with In‐Plane Gate Electrodes
Authors: Koutsouras Dimitrios A. , Torricelli Fabrizio , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are electrolyte‐gated transistors, employing an electrolyte between their gate and channel instead of an insulating layer. For efficient gating, non‐polarizable electrodes, for example, Ag/AgCl, are typically used but unfortunately, this simple approach limits the options for multiple gate integration. Patterned polarizable Au gates on the other hand, show strongly reduced gating due to a large voltage drop at the gate/electrolyte interface. Here, an alternative, simple yet effective method for efficient OECT gating by scalable in‐plane gate electrodes, is demonstrated. The fact that poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) exhibits a volumetric capacitance in an electrolyte is made use of. As a result, the capacitance of PEDOT:PSS‐based gates can be strongly enhanced by increasing their thickness, thereby reducing the voltage loss at the gate/electrolyte interface. By combining spin coating and electrodeposition, planar electrodes of various thicknesses are created on a multi‐gated OECT chip and their effect on the gating efficiency, examined. It is shown that the gating performed by an in‐plane PEDOT:PSS electrode can be tuned to be comparable to the one obtained by a Ag/AgCl electrode. Overall, the realization of efficient gating with in‐plane electrodes paves the way toward integration of OECT‐based biosensors and “organ‐on‐a‐chip” platforms.
Indium Catalyzed Sequential Regioselective Remote C−H Indolylation and Rearrangement Reaction of Peroxyoxindole
Authors: Shaikh Moseen A. , Ubale Akash S. , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndium‐catalyzed sequential remote C−H functionalization (C‐6 position) and C3‐indolylation of peroxyoxindole using indole is described for the synthesis of terindolinone derivatives. Whereas, N‐substituted 3‐phenyl peroxyoxindole derivatives undergoes consecutive skeletal rearrangement to generate transient carbocation, which has been trapped with indole nucleophile to generate 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐4‐alkyl‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐one derivatives. In contrast with Indium (III) Chloride, FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O facilitates oxidative cleavage of the peroxyoxindole (Hock cleavage) and further reaction with indole to afford biologically important trisindoline derivatives. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for these reactions with experimental evidences.magnified image
Rational Design of Coating Ions via Advantageous Surface Reconstruction in High‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Park Hyoju , Shin Kihyun , Henkelman Graeme , Warner Jamie H. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe implementation of high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries is hampered by the inherent issues of formation of NiO‐like rock‐salt phase as well as residual lithium (e.g., LiOH, LiHCO3, and Li2CO3) on the surface. To overcome the challenges, here a rational strategy is presented of interdiffusion‐based surface reconstruction via dry coating and the design principles for identifying the optimum coating ions on a LiNi0.91Mn0.03Co0.06O2 (NMC91) cathode. Notably, the combined approach of theoretical screening, which involves the consideration of superexchange interactions among different oxidation states and density functional theory calculations, along with experimental analyses, which involve the characterization of the decrease in Ni content and residual lithium on the surface of NMC91, demonstrate the effective reduction in rock‐salt phase and residual lithium. Among the four ions investigated (Al, Co, Fe, and Ti), cobalt‐coated NMC91 is the most effective at reducing the rock‐salt phase and residual lithium by successfully reconstructing the surface of NMC91 and exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 85% in a full cell after 300 cycles at 30 °C.
Liquid‐Based Janus Electrolyte for Sustainable Redox Mediation in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Ko Youngmin , Kim Hong‐I , Cho Sung‐Ju , Lee Kyung Min , Jung Gwan Yeong , Park Hyeokjun , Park Se Hwan , Lee Yun Jung , Bae Youngjoon , Lee Young‐Ro , Kim Kyoungoh , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Sang‐Young , Kang Kisuk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe discovery of a reliable electrolyte system remains one of the key challenges for the development of advanced lithium–oxygen batteries. To date, no single electrolyte is verified to be stable and compatible with both the cathode (e.g., oxygen radicals, lithium peroxide, etc.) and anode (lithium metal) for lithium–oxygen batteries. In this work, a novel liquid‐based Janus electrolyte system consisting of two different immiscible liquid phases is proposed and it is demonstrated that this system is remarkably effective in promoting the sustainable operation of redox‐mediated lithium–oxygen batteries. The liquid‐based Janus electrolyte is rationally designed by considering its compatibility with the lithium–oxygen cell environment, the solubility difference of target soluble species, and the mutual immiscibility of the two liquid phases. By combining spectral characterization, a phase‐separation experiment, and in situ observation of the electrochemical cell, it is revealed that the liquid‐based Janus electrolyte suppresses the migration of redox mediators from one liquid phase to the other, thereby preventing the detrimental shuttle effect. The enhanced stability of redox mediation leads to improved cycling performance of the cell. The various combinations possible for the liquid‐based Janus electrolyte open a new unexplored pathway for the design of advanced electrolyte systems for lithium–oxygen batteries.
Impact of changes in Title II of the 2018 Farm Bill on the acreage and environmental benefits of Conservation Reserve Program
Authors: Cornish Brian , Miao Ruiqing , Khanna Madhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 2018 Farm Bill lowered the maximum rental payments for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) by 10%–15% and increased the acreage enrollment cap by 3 million acres. We show that CRP acreage will decrease by 1.18 million acres (associated with a 3.3% environmental benefit decrease of the CRP) as a result of the rental rate reduction and that CRP acreage will increase by 2.32 million acres (associated with a 6.2% environmental benefit increase of the CRP) because of the acreage cap increase. The largest impact on CRP acreage and environmental benefits is predicted to occur in the Plains and the South.
Co‐composted biochar to decrease fertilization rates in cotton–maize rotation in Burkina Faso
Authors: Cissé Drissa , Cornelis Jean‐Thomas , Traoré Mamadou , Saba Fatimata , Coulibaly Kalifa , Lefebvre David , Colinet Gilles , Nacro Hassan Bismack 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgriculture in Burkina Faso relies on mineral fertilizers to reach decent crop production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement sustainable solutions that improve soil nutrient status while maintaining crop yields. Here we experiment with the recycling of nutrients through the production of biochar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalks and its mixing with compost to improve soil properties of highly weathered Lixisol. The trials included three treatments: conventional compost (COMP‐100), co‐composted biochar (COMPBI‐100), each with recommended fertilization rates [cotton = 16.3 kg N ha–1, 15.1 kg P ha–1 and 17.4 kg of K ha–1; maize (Zea mays L.) = 21.8 kg N ha–1, 20.1 kg P ha–1 and 23.2 kg K ha–1], and co‐composted biochar with 75% of recommended NPK fertilizer rate (COMPBI‐75). We amended the soil with compost at conventional rates used in Burkina Faso, that is, 2.5 t ha–1 at each crop year (2018 and 2019). We measured the effect of the amendments on cotton and maize yield cropped in rotation using a randomized block design with four replicates for each of the studied treatments. Our results showed that the soil properties and crop yield in COMPBI‐75 were not significantly lowered compared to COMPBI‐100, which did not differ compared to soil and plant responses in COMP‐100. Even not significant, COMPBI‐100 and COMPBI‐75 tend to have higher grain yields for cotton and maize. Our results highlight that co‐composted biochar may be a promising amendment to increase crop productivity parameters in Burkina Faso while decreasing the NPK doses. The reduction of fertilizer rates can have essential implications considering the socio‐economic and environmental advantages of reducing by quarter fertilizer doses in the Sudanese climatic region of Burkina Faso.
Sequential P‐GEMOX and radiotherapy for early‐stage extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Ma Shuyun , Cai Jun , Yang Yu , Jing Hongmei , Shuang Yuerong , Peng Zhigang , Li Bingzong , Liu Panpan , Xia Zhongjun , Xia Yi , Gao Yan , Chen Daoguang , Lin Jianyang , Li Qihui , Xu Shenghua , Xu Qingyuan , Zhang Han , Huang Huiqiang , Cai Qingqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal‐type (ENKTL) is a distinct subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and most of the patients presented localized disease. Combined modality therapy (CMT), namely chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, has been recommended for patients with early‐stage ENKTL. However, the optimal CMT has not been fully clarified. This study reports the efficacy and toxicity of sequential P‐GEMOX (pegaspargase, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin) and radiotherapy in a large Chinese cohort comprising of 202 patients diagnosed with early‐stage ENKTL from six medical centers. The observed best overall response rate was 96.0% and 168 (83.2%) patients achieved complete remission. With a median follow‐up of 44.1 months, the 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 74.6% and 85.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested that extensive primary tumor (PFS, hazard ratio [HR] 3.660, 95% CI 1.820–7.359, p <  0.001; OS, HR 3.825, 95% CI 1.442–10.148, p = 0.007) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (PFS, 3.042, 95% CI 1.468–6.306, p = 0.003; OS, HR 3.983, 95% CI 1.678–9.457, p = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes. Among the established prognostic models for ENKTL, the nomogram‐revised risk index model had optimal prognostic risk stratification ability (PFS, p < 0.001; OS, p < 0.001) and relatively balanced population distribution. The adverse events of this CMT were well‐tolerated and manageable. In conclusion, sequential P‐GEMOX and radiotherapy showed favorable efficacy with acceptable toxicity, and could be an effective treatment option for early‐stage ENKTL patients.
Radical Cation [4+2] Cycloaddition of Non‐Conjugated Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by an FeCl3/AgSbF6 Co‐Initiator
Authors: Ohmura Shuhei , Isogai Ryosuke , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadical cation [4+2] cycloaddition is an alternative strategy for constructing various six‐membered rings that cannot be easily accessed by thermal [4+2] cycloaddition. Here, we developed an FeCl3/AgSbF6 co‐initiator to promote radical cation [4+2] cycloaddition of non‐conjugated tetrasubstituted alkenes with 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene. In the presence of 10 mol% of FeCl3 and 30 mol% of AgSbF6, the reaction proceeded smoothly in MeCN to provide the cycloadducts from tetrasubstituted alkenes having an electron‐rich aromatic group, which improved the yield. We demonstrate the efficiency of an FeCl3/AgSbF6 co‐initiator by comparing our finding to the results with previously reported iron(III) initiators in an investigation of the substrate scope. In addition, a kinetic study was conducted to elucidate the detailed reaction mechanism, in which the rate‐determining step can be facilitated by intramolecular single electron transfer.
Operational envelope prediction of fluoroelastomer seals for downhole operation in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Zolfaghari Alireza , Yun Jushik , Singh Viraj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe energy industry for downhole operation needs a reliable methodology to develop an operation envelope for elastomer performance used in various service/permeant tools. These operation envelopes are mostly based upon the laboratory life prediction tests derived from Industry standard meant for “materials selection/screening.” However, the above life prediction method is limited, as it cannot capture the effect of size/shape and adequately predict the sealing performance of the actual elastomeric component under downhole operating conditions. To bridge this gap, for the first time in this article, we have developed a new lifetime prediction methodology for elastomers using fundamental material behavior such as viscoelasticity, hyper‐elasticity, chemical degradation combined with laboratory tests, and finite element analysis. Thereafter, the proposed methodology is used to develop an operation envelop for an actual size fluoroelastomer (FKM) O‐ring in the hydraulic fluid. This clearly shows that the proposed methodology is not limited to a particular O‐ring size and can be readily extended to develop a successful operation envelope for various elastomer‐sealing applications in the energy industry.
Masticatory muscle architectural correlates of dietary diversity in Canidae, Ursidae, and across the order Carnivora
Authors: Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Dickinson Edwin , Deutsch Ashley R. , Worden Nikole , Hirschkorn Gabrielle A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarnivorans represent extreme ecomorphological diversity, encompassing remarkable variation in form, habitat, and diet. The relationship between the masticatory musculature and dietary ecology has been explored in a number of carnivoran lineages, including felids and the superfamily Musteloidea. In this study, we present novel architectural data on two additional carnivoran families—Ursidae and Canidae—and supplement these previous studies with additional felid, musteloid, herpestid, hyaenid, and viverrid taxa (a total of 53 species across 10 families). Gross dissection data were collected following a standardized protocol—sharp dissection followed by chemical digestion. Summed jaw adductor forces were also transformed into bite force estimates (BF) using osteologically calculated leverages. All data were linearized, log‐transformed, and size‐adjusted using two proxies for each taxon—body mass (BM) and cranial geometric mean—to assess relative scaling trends. These architectural data were then analyzed in the context of dietary ecology to examine the impact of dietary size (DS) and dietary mechanical properties (DMP). Muscle mass, physiological cross‐sectional area, and BF scaled with isometry or positive allometry in all cases, whereas fascicle lengths (FLs) scaled with isometry or negative allometry. With respect to diet, BM‐adjusted FLs were strongly correlated with DS in musteloids, but not in any other lineage. The relationship between size‐adjusted BF and DMP was also significant within musteloids, and across the sample as a whole, but not within other individual lineages. This interfamilial trend may reflect the increased morphological and dietary diversity of musteloids relative to other carnivoran groups.
Impact of compulsory participation of medical students in a multiuser online game to learn radiological anatomy and radiological signs within the virtual world Second Life
Authors: Rudolphi‐Solero Teodoro , Lorenzo‐Alvarez Rocio , Ruiz‐Gomez Miguel J. , Sendra‐Portero Francisco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCompetitive game‐based learning within Second Life enables effective teaching of basic radiological anatomy and radiological signs to medical students, with good acceptance and results when students participate voluntarily, but unknown in a compulsory context. The objectives of this study were to reproduce a competitive online game based on self‐guided presentations and multiple‐choice tests in a mandatory format, to evaluate its development and student perceptions compared to a voluntary edition in 2015 (N = 90). In 2016 and 2017, respectively, 191 and 182 third‐year medical students participated in the game as a mandatory course activity. The mean (±SD) score of the game was 74.7% (±19.5%) in 2015, 71.2% (±21.5%) in 2016, and 67.5% (±21.5%) in 2017 (P < 0.01). Participants valued positively the organization and educational contents but found the virtual world less attractive and the game less interesting than in the voluntary edition. The experience globally was rated with 8.2 (±1.5), 7.8 (±1.5), and 7.1 (±1.7) mean points (±SD) in a ten‐point scale, in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 editions, respectively (P < 0.05). Competitive learning games within virtual worlds like Second Life have great learning potential in radiology, but the mean score in the game decreased, acceptance of virtual world technology was lower, and opinion about the game was worse with a compulsory participation, and even worse when dropouts were not allowed. Under the conditions in which this study was conducted, learning games in three‐dimensional virtual environments should be voluntary to maintain adequate motivation and engagement of medical students.
Polymer Electrolytes – New Opportunities for the Development of Multivalent Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Xuelian , Tang Yue , Du Aobing , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBatteries, as highly concerned energy conversion system, have a great development prospect in various fields, especially in the field of energy powered vehicles. Multivalent ion batteries are getting more attention due to their low cost, high abundance in earth crust, high capacity and safety compared with Lithium batteries. Despite above advantages, several problems still need to be solved before multivalent ion batteries achieve large‐scale application, such as interfacial parasitic reaction, anode passivation, and dendrites. The replacement of liquid electrolytes with gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) which pose high safety, high mechanical strength and simplified battery system, is an effective strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and improve electrochemical performance. This review mainly discusses the advantages and challenges of multivalent ion batteries including zinc, magnesium, calcium and aluminum batteries. Meanwhile, the major targets of this review are introducing the recent developments and making a summary of the future trends of GPEs in the multivalent ion batteries.
The Time‐Dependence of Three Different Modes of ELF‐EMF Stimulation on LTP at Schaffer Collateral‐CA1 Synapses
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhao Ling , Dong Lei , Tian Chunxiao , Xia Pei , Jin Zijia 
Published: August 2021

Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is considered the cellular basis of learning and memory. Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) are neuromodulation tools for regulating LTP. However, the temporal effects of short‐term ELF‐EMF stimulation on LTP are not yet known. In this study, we evaluated the time‐dependent effects of 15 Hz/2 mT ELF‐EMF stimulation on LTP at the Schaffer collateral‐CA1 (SC‐CA1) synapses in Sprague–Dawley rats. Hippocampal slices were exposed to three different modes of ELF‐EMFs (sinusoidal, single‐frequency pulse, and rhythm pulse) and durations (10, 20, 40, and 60 s). The baseline was recorded for 20 min and field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) was recorded for 60 min using multi‐electrode arrays (MEA) after plasticity induction using 100 Hz electrical high‐frequency stimulation (HFS). Compared to the control group, the LTP decreased under three different magnetic fields and was proportional to time; that is, the longer the time, the greater the inhibition. We also compared the three magnetic fields and showed that the continuous sinusoidal magnetic field had the largest inhibitory rate of LTP, while pulsed and rhythm pulsed magnetic fields were similar. We showed that different modes of ELF‐EMF stimulation had a time‐dependent effect on LTP at Schaffer collateral‐CA1 synapses, which provides experimental evidence for the treatment of related neurological diseases. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Selective Catalytic Reforming of Methane into Synthesis Gas
Authors: Zhumabek> Manapkhan , Kaumenova Gulnar , Augaliev Diar , Alaidar Yerbolat , Murzin Dmitry , Tungatarova Svetlana , Xanthopoulou Galina , Kotov Stanislav , Baizhumanova Tolkyn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSyngas is an important product of methane processing of natural gas, from which a wide range of chemical products can be obtained in the future. The results of a study of the developed Ni multicomponent catalysts in the partial oxidation of CH4 to syngas are presented. A series of samples with different percentages of active components in a Ni‐Cr‐Al‐Mg‐glycine catalyst was prepared by the solution combustion synthesis method giving synthesis gas with a high yield. The optimum conditions for the highest yields of H2 and CO were identified.
Facile Synthesis of Azahelicenes and Diaza[8]circulenes through the Intramolecular Scholl Reaction
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Nomoto Shuichi , Akiyama Koki , Tanaka Takayuki , Ema Tadashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbazole‐based aza[7]helicenes and hetero[9]helicenes were successfully obtained via the intramolecular Scholl reaction of 3,6‐bis(biphenyl‐2‐yl)carbazole congeners, while the reaction of 3,6‐bis(naphthylphenyl)‐appended carbazole gave a triple helicene via an unexpected simultaneous double aryl rearrangement. DFT calculations suggested that the rearrangement proceeded via an arenium cation intermediate. In addition, the reaction of methoxy‐appended substrate gave an azahepta[8]circulene via the concurrent C−C bond formation. These helical dyes showed circularly polarized luminescence. The azahepta[8]circulene was further transformed into deeply saddle‐distorted dibenzodiaza[8]circulenes as the first example of its solution‐based synthesis and unambiguous structural determination.
Application of the Balanced Scorecard for strategy reformulation: Perspectives from a Canadian municipality
Authors: Sayed Naqi , Lento Camillo , Henderson Michelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for strategy reformulation and performance measurement of a Canadian municipality. This study is motivated by the trend of performance management tools becoming more commonplace in the municipal sector, due to the New Public Management paradigm. Interviews with key stakeholders were conducted to determine Key Success Factors (KSFs). A survey of broad stakeholders was used to determine the importance of the KSFs and their multidimensional causal relationships, using a multiple‐criteria, decision‐making method. We find that economic growth plays a central role in the municipality's strategy, and it is perceived to be primarily driven by management leadership, in addition to economic diversity, Indigenous relationships, and increasing the tax base.