bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of a silicon carbide power module with double‐sided cooling and no wire bonding
Authors: Tan Yuchen , Zeng Xiangping , Yang Han , Li Yachao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel 1200 V/81 A double‐sided cooling (DSC) half‐bridge module; this module consists of two SiC MOSFETs bare die, AlN‐DBC substrates, three types of metals spacers, power and signal terminals. The bonding wire is eliminated completely in this proposed module as two patterned spacers are used in the connected gate and source pad. This structure can reduce the parasitic parameters and allow the conduction of heat dissipation through top and bottom chips. The simulations of parasitic parameters and thermal resistance are carried out by ANSYS Q3D extractor and COMSOL Multiphysics. Results show that the proposed module has a low parasitic inductance of 4.22 and 5.41 nH in both the gate and power loop. The junction temperature is reduced by 30% under the same power loss. Prototypes of the module lay out and fabrication process are presented for the proposed module. Static experiments validated the design.
Immunostimulatory effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans SANK70258
Authors: Ikeda Yuki , Yamashita Niya , Ito Naoto , Minamikawa Natsuki , Okamura Hotaka , Yashiro Takuya , Hachisu Masakazu , Aida Masanori , Yamada Ryouichi , Nagata Kazuki , Nishiyama Chiharu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Here, we examined the immunomodulating effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans SANK70258 (SANK70258). Mouse splenocytes treated with γ-ray-irradiated SANK70258 produced higher levels of interferon (IFN)-γ than those with 7 types of lactic acid bacteria. IFN-γ was mainly produced by natural killer (NK) cells, involving IL-12/IL-23, dendritic cells (DCs), and NF-κB signaling. SANK70258 induced the release of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 from mouse DCs and the expression of cytokine genes in the human monocyte. Cytokine release from SANK70258-treated DCs was partially reduced by the knockdown of Tlr2 or Nod2, and was abolished by Myd88 knockout. DC-stimulating components of SANK70258 were enriched in ether- and butanol-insoluble peptidoglycan-related fractions. The SANK70258 component induced high levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A production in Peyer’s patch cells, and its oral intake significantly increased intestinal IgA and IgA-expressing B cells in Peyer’s patches in mice. We conclude that the SANK70258 component exhibits high activity as an immunostimulant that induces the production of IFN-γ and IgA.
Optimal selection of software reliability growth model for open-source software using weighted Grey relational analysis method
Authors: Wang Jinyong , Zhang Ce 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Given the complexity of software development and testing environments, the establishment of software reliability growth models (SRGMs) is diverse. To date, no SRGM can be applied and implemented in all software development and testing environments. Therefore, how to choose an appropriate SRGM for software reliability evaluation in the current software development and testing environment is an important practical issue. In this study, we proposed a weighted Grey relational analysis method to select the optimal SRGMs, including closed- and open-source SRGMs, as well as perfect and imperfect debugging SRGMs. To effectively validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we used 12 SRGMs, 11 model evaluation criteria, and 2 successive versions of open-source software fault datasets. Results of this study indicated that the proposed method can select the optimal SRGM in the current software development and testing environment. To conclude, this study has important practical significance for actual software development and testing and makes important contributions to assisting developers or testers in selecting the optimal SRGM for software reliability assessment.
Approximating spatial distance through Confront networks: application to the segmentation of medieval Avignon
Authors: Ferrand Margot , Labatut Vincent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In historical studies, the older the sources, the more common it is to have access to data that are only partial, and/or unreliable or imprecise. This can make it difficult, or even impossible, to perform certain tasks of interest, such as the segmentation of some urban space based on the location of its constituting elements. Indeed, traditional approaches to tackle this specific task require knowing the position of all these elements before clustering them. Yet, alternative information is sometimes available, which can be leveraged to address this challenge. For instance, in the Middle Ages, land registries typically do not provide exact addresses, but rather locate spatial objects relative to each other, e.g. x being to the North of y. Spatial graphs are particularly adapted to model such spatial relationships, called confronts, which is why we propose their use over standard tabular databases. However, historical data are rich and allow extracting confront networks in many ways, making the process non-trivial. In this article, we propose several extraction methods and compare them to identify the most appropriate. We postulate that the best candidate must constitute an optimal trade-off between covering as much of the original data as possible, and providing the best graph-based approximation of spatial distance. Leveraging a dataset that describes Avignon during its papal period, we show empirically that the best results require ignoring some of the information present in the original historical sources, and that including additional information from secondary sources significantly improves the confront network. We illustrate the relevance of our method by partitioning the best graph that we extracted, and discussing its community structure in terms of urban space organization, from a historical perspective. Our data and source code are both publicly available online.
Comparison of crystal violet staining, microscopy with image analysis, and quantitative PCR to examine biofilm dynamics
Authors: Jeong So-Yeon , Lee Ji Won , Kim Eun Ji , Lee Chi Won , Kim Tae Gwan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Crystal-violet staining, microscopy with image analysis, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were compared to examine biofilm dynamics. Biofilms of 30 polycultures comprising 15 bacterial species were monitored for 14 days. Collectively, qPCR (representing population) revealed a different growth pattern compared to staining (biomass) and microscopy (colonization): biomass and colonization gradually increased over time, whereas population increased rapidly for the first seven days and leveled off. Temporal forms were categorized into two growth patterns: continuous increase (CI) and non-continuous increase. Staining and microscopy showed similar odds of detecting the CI pattern (27 and 23 polycultures, respectively) across polycultures, greater than that of qPCR (14 polycultures) (P &lt; 0.05). All three methods revealed the identical patterns for 13 polycultures. Staining with microscopy, staining with qPCR, and microscopy with qPCR found the same patterns in 22, 15, and 19 polycultures, respectively. Additionally, staining was quantitatively agreed with microscopy (P &lt; 0.05; R2 &gt; 0.50), whereas neither staining nor microscopy strongly agreed with qPCR (P &lt; 0.05; R2 ≤ 0.22). Collectively, staining was more compatible with microscopy than qPCR in characterizing biofilm dynamics and quantifying biofilms owing to the difference between population growth and biofilm expansion. The concurrent use of qPCR with biomass estimations allows for accurate and comprehensive biofilm quantification.
Microbial adaptive pathogenicity strategies to the host inflammatory environment
Authors: Hitzler Sophia U J , Fernández-Fernández Candela , Montaño Dolly E , Dietschmann Axel , Gresnigt Mark S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms can infect a variety of niches in the human body. During infection, these microbes can only persist if they adapt adequately to the dynamic host environment and the stresses imposed by the immune system. While viruses entirely rely on host cells to replicate, bacteria and fungi use their pathogenicity mechanisms for the acquisition of essential nutrients that lie under host restriction. An inappropriate deployment of pathogenicity mechanisms will alert host defence mechanisms that aim to eradicate the pathogen. Thus, these adaptations require tight regulation to guarantee nutritional access without eliciting strong immune activation. To work efficiently, the immune system relies on a complex signalling network, involving a myriad of immune mediators, some of which are quite directly associated with imminent danger for the pathogen. To manipulate the host immune system, viruses have evolved cytokine receptors and viral cytokines. However, among bacteria and fungi, selected pathogens have evolved the capacity to use these inflammatory response-specific signals to regulate their pathogenicity. In this review, we explore how bacterial and fungal pathogens can sense the immune system and use adaptive pathogenicity strategies to evade and escape host defence to ensure their persistence in the host.
Standardizing experimental approaches to investigate interactions between bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Berrios Louis , Ansell T Bertie , Dahlberg Peter D , Peay Kabir G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) represent two of the most dominant plant root-associated microbial groups on Earth, and their interactions continue to gain recognition as significant factors that shape forest health and resilience. Yet, we currently lack a focused review that explains the state of bacteria-EcMF interaction research in the context of experimental approaches and technological advancements. To these ends, we illustrate the utility of studying bacteria-EcMF interactions, detail outstanding questions, outline research priorities in the field, and provide a suite of approaches that can be used to promote experimental reproducibility, field advancement, and collaboration. Though this review centers on the ecology of bacteria, EcMF, and trees, it by default offers experimental and conceptual insights that can be adapted to various subfields of microbiology and microbial ecology.
Indole-containing inhibitors with improved efficacy targeting the gyrase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Bhattarai Shankar , Tiwari Vinay Shankar , Tam Benjamin , Rozen Aviv , Soffer Adam , Durbah Samuel , Eisdorfer Sarah Adi , Giannoulis Angeliki , Goldfarb Daniella , Akabayov Barak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide, with drug-resistant strains complicating its treatment. We report the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the gyrase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis. Gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, consists of two subunits: GyrA, which breaks and rejoins DNA, and GyrB, which contains the ATPase domain responsible for ATP binding and hydrolysis. An indole scaffold identified by nuclear magnetic resonance fragment screening was grown into drug-sized candidates through computational optimization, chemical synthesis and functional selection. Several indole-containing gyrase inhibitors were found to be specific for the GyrB subunit of M. tuberculosis. Structural studies using double electron–electron resonance spectroscopy between the Mn(II) ion in the catalytic site of GyrB and a nitroxide-labeled inhibitor provided insights into the potential docking sites of the protein target. Key chemical descriptors essential for gyrase binding were identified for the small-molecule inhibitors using data-driven algorithms. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of fragment screening and computational optimization in drug discovery. The inhibitors presented in this study are promising candidates for further pharmacological studies in vivo.
Mimicking myocardial infarction: a subarachnoid haemorrhage case report
Authors: Aziz Ezzat Mohammed Hussain , Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Hashim Talib , Khaleel Amir Salam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a case detailing the diagnostic challenges of a 23-year-old male presenting with a sudden severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and chest heaviness. Initial evaluation showed elevated blood pressure and respiratory rate. An emergency electrocardiogram (ECG) indicated ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), leading to immediate referral for percutaneous coronary intervention, which revealed normal coronary arteries. Further investigations identified a cisternal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) on CT brain imaging. Despite multidisciplinary management, the patient’s condition rapidly deteriorated, resulting in cardiac arrest and mortality. Our case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and multidisciplinary collaboration in managing complex presentations, emphasizing vigilance in recognizing and managing concurrent pathologies in young patients with acute symptoms.
Hepatocellular carcinoma converted from atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination therapy: a case report
Authors: Ida Keisuke , Koizumi Satoshi , Tsuchihashi Atsuhito , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Otsubo Takehito 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hepatectomy is the curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with targeted therapy used when resection is difficult. In this rare case, the tumor shrank with targeted therapy, enabling radical treatment through conversion surgery. The patient, a man in his 70s, developed an 11.5-cm HCC (T3N0M0 Stage III) in the posterior hepatic zone after being virologically negative for hepatitis C. The tumor was near the right portal vein branch, making the liver lobe unresectable due to poor liver function. Upon tumor enlargement, he was treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab. After 5 courses, the tumor significantly shrank, allowing for complete resection with posterior segment removal. The surgery revealed mostly necrotic tumors with no active cancer cells remaining.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: a case report
Authors: Loizides Sotiris , Samouti Paraskevi , Tsironis George , Xenophontos Eleni , Papamichael Demetrios , Vassiliou Vassilios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
SANT is a rare, non-lymphoid, benign entity, originating from the red pulp of the spleen. It is characterized by the presence of vascular nodules surrounded by a stroma of collagen fibers. It was introduced as a distinct disease entity by Martel et al in 2004, after the histopathological examination of 25 cases. Symptoms are unspecific, and in most cases, it is incidentally diagnosed, mostly in patients who undergo imaging for other underlying conditions. Moreover, radiological findings are usually inconclusive, and a definite diagnosis is established through histopathological examination. We herein report the case of a 76-year-old female diagnosed with stage I rectal cancer who was subsequently diagnosed with a splenic lesion after a Computed Tomography (CT) scan that was performed for follow-up purposes. Different imaging modalities were employed for further assessment; however, findings were inconclusive and the possibility of metastatic disease could not be excluded. The patient was referred for splenectomy and the diagnosis of SANT was established through histopathological examination.
Paradoxical coronary embolism in Erdheim-Chester disease: invasive assessment and multidisciplinary management
Authors: Lamprou Vasileios , Daniels Matthew J , Read Charles D , Keshavarzi Freidoon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report a case of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in a 36-year-old man with Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD). Multimodality assessment revealed acute coronary thrombus with simultaneous recurrent pulmonary embolism in spite of compliance with a direct oral anticoagulant. Prior case reports of acute myocardial infarction in this population have not outlined the role of catheter based intravascular assessment and treatment in this rare clinical entity.
LGI1 encephalitis manifesting as a delayed paraneoplastic response of squamous cell lung cancer on remission
Authors: Chukwuocha Ikechukwu , Al-Moyeed Baig , Eigbe Solomon , Shukla Shilpi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis can occur alone or in the setting of a malignancy and manifest with faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), cognitive decline, hyponatremia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The importance of differentiating this entity from acute delirium cannot be overemphasized.
This review provides a detailed account of a 71-year-old man with previous diagnosis of lung cancer who presented with subacute onset behavioural changes, urinary retention, and FBDS. Investigation revealed hyponatremia, bilateral mesial temporal lobe high signal abnormality worse on the right on MRI and CSF positive anti-LGI1 antibodies (1:30). The patient was treated with immunosuppressive therapy with consequent symptom improvement.
This case emphasizes the need to have a high index of suspicion for this disease entity in patients presenting with new onset behavioural changes and the importance of identifying the typical FBDS, as early initiation of treatment confers a positive outcome for diseased patients.
Analyses of radioactivity concentrations in soil and assessment of effective doses in several districts of Banten and West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Makhsun  , Iskandar Dadong , Wahyudi  , Nugraha Eka Djatnika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Radioactivity concentration in soil was analyzed around the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta along with the adjoining provinces of West Java and Banten, representing one of the most densely populated in Indonesia. Nestled within this area is a nuclear research reactor. The analysis of natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations using a HPGe gamma spectrometry to measure 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in surface soil samples. The results indicate that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 18 to 49, 24 to 74, and 18 to 249 Bq/kg, respectively. The calculated value for the total average absorbed dose rate in the air in Banten and West Java is 38 ± 4 and 34 ± 4 nGy/h. Nonetheless, the calculated value of the external hazard index indicates that the soils in that region are deemed suitable for use in construction materials, and the area is safe for habitation. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in several districts of Banten and West Java ranged from &lt;0.09 to 0.73 Bq/kg. Even a minor introduction of artificial radioactivity into the environment constitutes a form of pollution that must be closely monitored as a potential environmental threat.
Increasing Premedication for Neonatal Intubation: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Lucena Michelle H. , Morgan-Joseph Toshiba , Thompson-Branch Alecia 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Endotracheal intubation is frequent in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) but may result in neonatal distress and instability. Premedication reduces adverse effects, such as hypoxia, bradycardia, and pain. The Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-Bound aim for this project was to increase premedication use for nonemergent neonatal intubation in a specific NICU from 22% to 80% from March 2021 to May 2023.

Methods:
We use quality improvement methodology to explain our theory for improvement. Our key driver diagram depicts this initiative’s aims, key drivers, and interventions to increase premedication use for neonatal intubation. We defined exclusion criteria and medications, and one author collected demographic data retrospectively after the procedure. The stakeholders summarized the baseline data, performed plan-do-study-act cycles, and showed outcome measures in a statistical process control chart. Statistical analysis used Fisher’s exact test to compare categorical variables.

Results:
Between 2021 and 2023, 333 infants underwent endotracheal intubation; 130 infants were included. The most common indication for intubation was hypoxemic respiratory failure—52% (68/130). Premedication use increased from 22% to 52%. Among the exclusion criteria, the most common indication for nonpremedication was intubation in the delivery room, 38.4% (78/203). In the premedication group, intubation on the first attempt occurred in 77.6% (52/67) of the cases, versus the nonpremedication group, 66.7% (32/48) (P = 0.3).

Conclusions:
Premedication for neonatal intubation increased by 30%, although we did not reach the desired 80% goal. Establishing a premedication bundle, alongside a unit-specific protocol and effective teamwork, marks the initial stride toward enhancing analgesia/sedation practices in the NICU.
Reducing Sedation for Pediatric Thoracic CT Imaging Using Volumetric Target-mode EKG Gating
Authors: Shah Summit H. , Young Cody M. , Morrison Jessica , Chmil Margarita , Ruess Lynne , Krishnamurthy Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Many children require sedation for imaging. We aimed to reduce sedation for thoracic (chest and cardiac) computed tomography (CT) scans in children 0–4 years old from 65% to 20% by December 2018 and to sustain.

Methods:
We counted baseline, intervention, and a follow-up period thoracic CT scans performed with sedation in children 0–4 years old. We developed a new volumetric target-mode electrocardiogram-gated CT imaging protocol to reduce scan time and control for factors that decrease image quality. Additional interventions included technologist training, communication to radiologists and clinicians, and eliminating a default request for sedation accompanying the electronic order for most thoracic CT scans. A statistical process control chart tracked data to study process changes over time.

Results:
During the baseline and intervention periods, 232 of 357 and 217 of 794 scans required sedation. Interventions created 2 centerline shifts. Overall, thoracic CT scans in children 0–4 years old requiring sedation decreased from 65% to 24% and was sustained 5 years later. No patients during the baseline period, one (1 of 794, 0.1%) during the intervention period and 2 (2 of 480, 0.4%) during the audit period 5 years later, initially had nondiagnostic nonsedated scans that required an additional scan with sedation.

Conclusions:
We developed a volumetric target-mode electrocardiogram-gated CT protocol, eliminated default sedation ordering, and trained and educated staff to reduce sedation in young children undergoing thoracic CT scans. The frequency of sedation for thoracic CT in children 0–4 years old decreased from 65% to 24% and was sustained after revising imaging parameters and eliminating a default sedation order.