bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel scheme for non-invasive gut bioinformation acquisition with a magnetically controlled sampling capsule endoscope
Authors: Ding Zhen , Wang Weijun , Zhang Kun , Ming Fanhua , Yangdai Tianyi , Xu Tao , Shi Huiying , Bao Yuhui , Yao Hailing , Peng Hangyu , Han Chaoqun , Jiang Weiwei , Liu Jun , Hou Xiaohua , Lin Rong 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIntestinal flora and metabolites are associated with multiple systemic diseases. Current approaches for acquiring information regarding microbiota/metabolites have limitations. We aimed to develop a precise magnetically controlled sampling capsule endoscope (MSCE) for the convenient, non-invasive and accurate acquisition of digestive bioinformation for disease diagnosis and evaluation.DesignThe MSCE and surgery were both used for sampling both jejunal and ileal GI content in the control and antibiotic-induced diarrhoea groups. The GI content was then used for microbiome profiling and metabolomics profiling.ResultsCompared with surgery, our data showed that the MSCE precisely acquired data regarding the intestinal flora and metabolites, which was effectively differentiated in different intestinal regions and disease models. Using MSCE, we detected a dramatic decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria and Actinobacteria and hippuric acid levels, as well as an increase in the abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and the 2-pyrrolidinone levels were detected in the antibiotic-induced diarrhoea model by MSCE. MSCE-mediated sampling revealed specific gut microbiota/metabolites including Enterococcus, Lachnospiraceae, acetyl-L-carnitine and succinic acid, which are related to metabolic diseases, cancers and nervous system disorders. Additionally, the MSCE exhibited good sealing characteristics with no contamination after sampling.ConclusionsWe present a newly developed MSCE that can non-invasively and accurately acquire intestinal bioinformation via direct visualization under magnetic control, which may further aid in disease prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Modelling the cascade of biomarker changes in GRN-related frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Panman Jessica L , Venkatraghavan Vikram , van der Ende Emma L , Steketee Rebecca M E , Jiskoot Lize C , Poos Jackie M , Dopper Elise G P , Meeter Lieke H H , Donker Kaat Laura , Rombouts Serge A R B , Vernooij Meike W , Kievit Anneke J A , Premi Enrico , Cosseddu Maura , Bonomi Elisa , Olives Jaume , Rohrer Jonathan D , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Borroni Barbara , Bron Esther E , Van Swieten John C , Papma Janne M , Klein Stefan 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveProgranulin-related frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN) is a fast progressive disease. Modelling the cascade of multimodal biomarker changes aids in understanding the aetiology of this disease and enables monitoring of individual mutation carriers. In this cross-sectional study, we estimated the temporal cascade of biomarker changes for FTD-GRN, in a data-driven way.MethodsWe included 56 presymptomatic and 35 symptomatic GRN mutation carriers, and 35 healthy non-carriers. Selected biomarkers were neurofilament light chain (NfL), grey matter volume, white matter microstructure and cognitive domains. We used discriminative event-based modelling to infer the cascade of biomarker changes in FTD-GRN and estimated individual disease severity through cross-validation. We derived the biomarker cascades in non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) to understand the differences between these phenotypes.ResultsLanguage functioning and NfL were the earliest abnormal biomarkers in FTD-GRN. White matter tracts were affected before grey matter volume, and the left hemisphere degenerated before the right. Based on individual disease severities, presymptomatic carriers could be delineated from symptomatic carriers with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.1%. The estimated disease severity strongly correlated with functional severity in nfvPPA, but not in bvFTD. In addition, the biomarker cascade in bvFTD showed more uncertainty than nfvPPA.ConclusionDegeneration of axons and language deficits are indicated to be the earliest biomarkers in FTD-GRN, with bvFTD being more heterogeneous in disease progression than nfvPPA. Our data-driven model could help identify presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers at risk of conversion to the clinical stage.
Impact of statin on long-term outcome among patients with end-stage renal disease with acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a nationwide case–control study
Authors: Kuo Feng-You , Huang Wei-Chun , Tang Pei-Ling , Cheng Chin-Chang , Chiang Cheng-Hung , Lin Hsiao-Chin , Chuang Tzu-Jung , Wann Shue-Ren , Mar Guang-Yuan , Liu Chun-Peng , Cheng Juei-Tang , Wu Ming-Chang 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundUse of statin has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases events and mortality. However, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the protective effects of statin are controversial. To evaluate the impact of chronic statin use on clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ESRD.MethodsWe enrolled 8056 patients with ESRD who were initially diagnosed and admitted for first AMI from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Of which, 2134 patients underwent statin therapy. We randomly selected and use age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral vascular diseases (PVD), heart failure (HF), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, matched with the study group as controls (non-stain user). We compared the effects of statin use in term of all-cause death among patients with AMI with ESRD.ResultsStatin use resulted in a significantly higher survival rate in patients ith AMI with ESRD compared with non-statin users. After adjusted the comorbidities the male patients and patients with DM, PVD, HF and CVA had lower long-term survival rate (all p&lt;0.001). Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (p&lt;0.001), ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (p&lt;0.001), β receptor blockers (p&lt;0.001) and statin therapy (p=0.007) had better long-term survival rate. Patients with AMI with ESRD on statin therapy exhibited a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with non-statin users (p&lt;0.0001).ConclusionAmong patients with ESRD with AMI, statin therapy was associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
Solifenacin-induced acute urticaria and angioedema: a rare adverse effect
Authors: Younas Umer , Shafiq Omar , Mansoor Sahibzada Nasir , Khalil Muhammad Tawab 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAntimuscarinics are first-line medication for management of overactive bladder with solifenacin being commonly prescribed. Angioedema is the swelling of mucosa and submucosal tissue. There are no published case reports of drug-induced angioedema involving solifenacin. We report a case of a 41-year-old man with spinal cord injury who presented with oedema of face, lips, tongue and associated pruritic urticaria after taking 5 mg of solifenacin. All other possible causes including food allergy, insect bite, hereditary angioedema, use of NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors and antibiotics were ruled out. The temporal association between solifenacin and angioedema and complete resolution of symptoms after discontinuing the drug suggest that solifenacin was the most probable cause of angioedema in our patient.
Enhancing communication between foundation doctors and radiologists: a quality improvement project
Authors: Chuang Yu-Hsiang , Jones Victor , Trail Matthew , Szewczyk-Bieda Magdalena , Nandwani Ghulam Mustafa 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTFacilitating radiological imaging for patients is an essential task for foundation year (FY) doctors. Achieving competence in this task can significantly enhance patient management. We evaluated the confidence and skills of FY doctors in facilitating radiological imaging before and after introduction of formal training. Twenty surgical FYs working at a large teaching hospital were surveyed to evaluate their baseline level of competence in booking and discussing imaging with radiology colleagues. Parameters were measured on a Likert scale, including confidence in discussing requests and satisfaction of their own performance following discussions with radiologists. Eight radiology consultants were surveyed to evaluate their opinions on FYs’ communication and established areas for improvement. A teaching session was then delivered to improve communication skills. Furthermore, Previous investigation results, Answer you need from the scan, Clinical status and story, Crucial: how urgent is the scan, Safety (PACCSS) poster was introduced to remind the FYs of the salient information required when discussing imaging. One month after the intervention, the initial participants were resurveyed. Based on a 10-point Likert scale, the FYs demonstrated a mean improvement in self-reported confidence (2.1±1.1, p&lt;0.01), and in satisfaction of own performance after a discussion (1.7±1.1, p&lt;0.01). We identified deficiencies in surgical FY doctors’ confidence and skills in facilitating radiological imaging. There was a demonstrable benefit with focused training in improving these skills. This could potentially provide significant benefits in patient care and management. Interspecialty communication should be introduced into undergraduate and postgraduate educational curriculum.
Gender and racial trends among neurology residents: an overview
Authors: Maqsood Hamza , Naveed Sadiq , Mohyud Din Chaudhary Amna , Khan Muhammad Taimoor , Khosa Faisal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiversification of academic medicine improves healthcare standards and patient outcomes. Gender and racial inequalities are major challenges faced by the healthcare system. This article reviews the trends of gender and racial disparity among residents of neurology. This retrospective analysis of the annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Data Resource Books encompassed all residents at US neurology residency training programmes from the year 2007 to 2018. The representation of women steadily increased, with an absolute increase of 3% from the year 2007 to 2018. Although the absolute change (%) increased for the White race, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African Americans, there was a decrease seen in the Hispanic representation in neurology residents from the year 2011 to 2018. There was no change seen for the Native Americans/Alaskans. Our study concluded that gender and racial disparity persists in the recruitment of residents in neurology. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address gender and racial disparity among residents of neurology. Further studies are needed to explore etiological factors to address gender and racial disparity.
High-stakes examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic: to proceed or not to proceed, that is the question
Authors: Tan Chee-Kiat , Chua Wei-Ling , Vu Charles Kien-Fong , Chang Jason Pik-Eu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted education-related activities, including the conduct of examinations. We review the literature regarding high-stakes examinations during the pandemic, discuss the decision-making process of whether to proceed with a high-stakes examination and share published experiences in conducting high-stakes examinations during the pandemic. We illustrate our own recent experiences of decision-making and conduct of our high-stakes gastroenterology licencing examinations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is possible to conduct high-stakes examinations virtually during pandemic situations with fidelity and adherence to the established format and standards.
Prognostic value of elevated lactate dehydrogenase in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martha Januar Wibawa , Wibowo Arief , Pranata Raymond 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and EuropePMC on 19 November 2020. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, defined as a combined endpoint of mortality, severity, need for invasive mechanical ventilation and need for intensive care unit care. Severity followed the included studies' criteria.ResultsThere are 10 399 patients from 21 studies. Elevated LDH was present in 44% (34%–53%) of the patients. Meta-regression analysis showed that diabetes was correlated with elevated LDH (OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), p=0.038), but not age (p=0.710), male (p=0.068) and hypertension (p=0.969). Meta-analysis showed that elevated LDH was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 5.33 (95% CI 3.90 to 7.31), p&lt;0.001; I2: 77.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that elevated LDH increased mortality (OR 4.22 (95% CI 2.49 to 7.14), p&lt;0.001; I2: 89%). Elevated LDH has a sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.85), specificity of 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), positive likelihood ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.9), negative likelihood ratio of 0.38 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.55), diagnostic OR of 6 (95% CI 4 to 9) and area under curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.80). Elevated LDH would indicate a 44% posterior probability and non-elevated LDH would in indicate 11% posterior probability for poor prognosis. Meta-regression analysis showed that age, male, hypertension and diabetes did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the analyses.ConclusionLDH was associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020221594.
Exome Sequencing and Congenital Heart Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ekure Ekanem N. , Adeyemo Adebowale , Liu Hanhan , Sokunbi Ogochukwu , Kalu Nnenna , Martinez Ariel F. , Owosela Babajide , Tekendo-Ngongang Cedrik , Addissie Yonit A. , Olusegun-Joseph Akinsanya , Ikebudu Desmond , Berger Seth I. , Muenke Maximilian , Han Zhe , Kruszka Paul 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and affects roughly 1% of the global population. There have been many large CHD sequencing projects in developing countries but none in sub-Saharan Africa. In this exome sequencing study, we recruited families from Lagos, Nigeria, affected by structural heart disease.

Methods:

Ninety-eight participants with CHD and an average age of 3.6 years were recruited from Lagos, Nigeria. Exome sequencing was performed on probands and parents when available. For genes of high interest, we conducted functional studies in
Drosophila
using a cardiac-specific RNA interference–based gene silencing system.

Results:

The 3 most common CHDs were tetralogy of Fallot (20%), isolated ventricular septal defect (14%), and transposition of the great arteries (8%). Ten percent of the cohort had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes known to cause CHD. In 64 complete trios, we found 34 de novo variants that were not present in the African population in the Genome Aggregation Database (v3). Nineteen loss of function variants were identified using the genome-wide distribution of selection effects for heterozygous protein-truncating variants (s
het
). Nine genes caused a significant mortality when silenced in the
Drosophila
heart, including 4 novel disease genes not previously associated with CHD (
UBB, EIF4G3, SREBF1
, and
METTL23
).

Conclusions:
This study identifies novel candidate genes and variants for CHD and facilitates comparisons with previous CHD sequencing studies in predominantly European cohorts. The study represents an important first step in genomic studies of CHD in understudied populations.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01952171.
Prognostic Impact of Late Gadolinium Enhancement by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Figliozzi Stefano , Sanguineti Francesca , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , di Bella Gianluca , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Chiribiri Amedeo , Garot Jerome , Masci Pier Giorgio , Ismail Tevfik F. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Patients with acute myocarditis (AM) are at increased risk of adverse cardiac events after the index episode. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with AM plays an important diagnostic role, but its prognostic significance remains unresolved. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess the prognostic implications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived LGE in patients with AM.

Methods:

Data search was conducted from inception through February 28, 2020, using the following Medical Subject Heading terms:
Myocarditis, CMR, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance
. From 2422 articles retrieved, we selected 11 studies reporting baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment and long-term clinical follow-up in patients with AM. Hazard ratios and CIs for a combined clinical end point were recorded for LGE presence, extent (>2 segments or >10% of left ventricular [LV] mass or >17g) and location (anteroseptal versus non-anteroseptal). A combined end point comprised all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events. Hartung and Knapp correction improved robustness of the results. Prespecified sensitivity analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Results:

LGE presence (pooled hazard ratios, 3.28 [95% CIs, 1.69–6.39],
P
<0.001 [95% CIs, 1.33–8.11] after Hartung and Knapp correction) and anteroseptal LGE (pooled-hazard ratios, 2.58 [95% CIs, 1.87–3.55],
P
<0.001 [95% CIs, 1.64–4.06] after Hartung and Knapp correction) were associated with an increased risk of the combined end point. Extensive LGE was associated with worse outcomes (pooled-hazard ratios, 1.96 [95% CIs, 1.08–3.56],
P
=0.027), but this association was not confirmed after Hartung and Knapp correction (95% CIs, 0.843–4.57).

Conclusions:
LGE presence and anteroseptal location at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance are important independent prognostic markers that herald an increased risk of adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with AM.

Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
Unique identifier: CRD42019146619.
Optimal Combination of Chest Compression Depth and Rate in Virtual Reality Resuscitation Training: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized Lowlands Saves Lives Trial
Authors: Nas Joris , Thannhauser Jos , van Geuns Robert‐Jan M. , van Royen Niels , Bonnes Judith L. , Brouwer Marc A. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Dissemination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills is essential for cardiac arrest survival. Virtual reality (VR)‐training methods are low cost and easily available, but to meet depth requirements adaptations are required, as confirmed in a recent randomized study on currently prevailing CPR quality criteria. Recently, the promising clinical performance of new CPR quality criteria was demonstrated, based on the optimal combination of compression depth and rate. We now study compliance with these newly proposed CPR quality criteria.

Methods and Results

Post hoc analysis of a randomized trial compared standardized 20‐minute face‐to‐face CPR training with VR training using the Lifesaver VR smartphone application. During a posttraining test, compression depth and rate were measured using CPR mannequins. We assessed compliance with the newly proposed CPR criteria, that is, compression rate within ±20% of 107/minute and depth within ±20% of 47 mm. We studied 352 participants, age 26 (22–31) years, 56% female, and 15% with CPR training ≤2 years. Among VR‐trained participants, there was a statistically significant difference between the proportions complying with newly proposed versus the currently prevailing quality criteria (52% versus 23%,
P
<0.001). The difference in proportions complying with rate requirements was statistically significant (96% for the new versus 50% for current criteria,
P
<0.001), whereas there was no significant difference with regard to the depth requirements (55% versus 51%,
P
=0.45).

Conclusions
Lifesaver VR training, although previously found to be inferior to face‐to‐face training, may lead to CPR quality compliant with recently proposed, new quality criteria. If the prognostic importance of these new criteria is confirmed in additional studies, Lifesaver VR in its current form would be an easily available vector to disseminate CPR skills.
The Devil You Know: An Exploration of Virtual Religious Deconstruction Communities
Authors: Fekete Steven , Knippel Jessica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a 2018 episode of the podcast The Airing of Grief, musician Derek Webb spoke with a caller about the fact that social media, live performances/events, and podcasts have become some of the few community spaces where religious and formerly religious people are able to deconstruct their faith experiences and process their doubts and questions. This observation began a research project regarding the question of community formation around religious deconstruction/reconstruction and its specific relation to social media spaces. As this research revealed, these deconstruction communities are safe spaces in which participants feel and experience radically open, loving, and supportive community (something that was promised or sought in previous religious spaces but rarely was experienced). The public and broad connecting aspects of social media and podcasts have allowed those who previously experienced deconstruction or doubts in isolation to find support and connections.
Having Children Speeds up the Subjective Passage of Lifetime in Parents
Authors: Wittmann Marc , Mella Nathalie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A widely reproduced finding across numerous studies of different cultures is that adults perceive the most recent 10 years of their lives to have passed particularly fast, and that this perceived speed increases as they grow older. Potential explanatory factors for this effect are believed to be more routines in life as we age as well as an increase in time pressure during middle adult age, both factors that would lead to a reduced autobiographical memory load. Fewer contextual changes in life are known to cause the passage of time to be perceived as faster. Taking advantage of the database created for the study that first captured this age effect on subjective time (Wittmann & Lehnhoff, 2005), we investigated the role that having children plays in the subjective speeding of time. Adults aged between 20 and 59 who had children reported that time over the last 10 years passed subjectively more quickly than adults of the same age group without children. Factors such as education or gender did not influence subjective time. A small correlation effect could be seen in the fact that parents with more children reported that time passed more quickly. Experienced time pressure was not a differentiating factor between the two groups, as time pressure was associated with a faster passage of time in all adults. Future systematic studies will have to reveal what factors on autobiographical memory and time might be accountable for this clear effect that raising children has on perceived time.