bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6LoWPAN network analysis using simulations and experiments
Authors: Haka A M , Aleksieva V P , Valchanov H G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The constant expansion of Internet consumption increases the communication traffic on the network both locally and globally. To meet the needs of such consumption, technologies such as 4G, 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly being developed. Remote monitoring of environmental parameters or the condition of patients in real time can be organised using the capabilities of IoT networks. This paper presents a study of end-to-end delay and throughput in a 6LoWPAN IoT network through real network construction and simulation.
Deployment and analysis of Bluetooth low energy network
Authors: Haka A M , Aleksieva V P , Valchanov H G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Along with the development of modern communication technologies such as 4G and 5G, Internet of Thing (IoT) technologies are being implemented more widely. The need for remote monitoring of environmental and patient parameters can be realised by means that represent IoT technologies. The localisation of mobile sensor nodes for low power IoT can be realised by tracking the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values. This paper examines the RSSI values of sensor nodes in the Bluetooth Low Energy network for IoT.
Objects distance measurement in augmented reality for providing better user experience
Authors: Neshov N , Manolova A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present an algorithm for providing better user experience in AR applications based on HMD (Head Mounted Display), pair of cameras and Deep Learning semantic segmentation. The user can view the scene, captured by the cameras using HMD along with augmented information regarding distances to all detected objects. The cameras are attached to the HMD and must be located as close as possible each other. Moreover one of the cameras is shifted at a known distance closer to the scene with respect to the other camera. Based on the traditional pinhole camera model and estimating the size of the projection of a given object in pixel coordinate systems in both of the cameras, we are able to calculate the distance from the cameras to the object. For location and calculation of the size of projected objects we used a semantic segmentation based on deep learning algorithm.
Analysis of energy consumption in the industrial sector in the European Union
Authors: Georgeva Nely , Tsankov Petko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The European Union (EU) pursues a coherent policy to reduce the carbon footprint of human impact on the climate, with one of the main strategies being to reduce the use of energy resources. On the other hand, the EU is the world’s largest importer of energy and making it highly energy dependent which is reduced the competitiveness of Member States’ economies. Reducing the energy resources used leads to political, economic, social and environmental benefits. All this explains the EU’s motivation to make energy efficiency a key goal in development policy for the Union. At the level of the European Union a number of normative documents have been adopted, related to increasing the energy efficiency of the two largest areas of energy consumption - buildings and manufacturing systems. In the share of energy consumption in the EU, manufacturing production has a significant share, which represents the potential for increasing energy efficiency. This article analyses the dynamics of energy intensity of the European economy and consumption of energy in the manufacturing sector of the EU member states, compares the situation in Bulgaria. The efficiency of the undertaken measures for stimulating the increase of the energy efficiency in the sector is analysed. Conclusions from the study are formulated
The gaps of renewable energy legislation in Bulgaria
Authors: Stankova T D , Toneva D S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays when the climate changes are of a worldwide vital importance, the European Union is on the way to trach the 2020 targets for smart and sustainable development. The set in 2007 targets are on the way to be even exceeded till the end of 2020 when EU is expecting to report at least a 20% greenhouse emission reduction from their levels in 1990, 20 % gross final energy consumption by renewable energy sources and 20% energy efficiency improvement. That satisfactory result isn’t enough to reflect the climate changes with the speed of their consequences. Namely, because of this the EU has put in place a legislation frames to achieve new climate and energy targets up to 2030. While the EU is working on fulfilling a decarbonisation strategy and insuring a legislative framework via Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources for all EU member states, Bulgarian parliament transposed the Directive into a Law for energy from renewable sources which from 2011 after its’ first acceptance till 2019 was changes 18 times, 4 of which in only 1 year (2013). This paper underlines some of the legislative gaps between the Directive 2009/28/EC and the Bulgarian legislation, the contraries between the EU and Bulgarian kind of fulfilment of a main target to stimulate the investments in renewable energy and on the other side the contraries in the internal Bulgarian regulation papers which negatively reflect the investment intends in the country.
Real-time monitoring and hydrodynamic scaling of shear exfoliated graphene
Authors: Stafford Jason , Uzo Nwachukwu , Farooq Usmaan , Favero Silvia , Wang Si , Chen Hsueh-Hung , L’Hermitte Anouk , Petit Camille , Matar Omar K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Shear-assisted liquid exfoliation is a primary candidate for producing defect-free two-dimensional (2D) materials. A range of approaches that delaminate nanosheets from layered precursors in solution have emerged in recent years. Diverse hydrodynamic conditions exist across these methods, and combined with low-throughput, high-cost characterization techniques, strongly contribute to the wide variability in performance and material quality. Nanosheet concentration and production rate are usually correlated against operating parameters unique to each production method, making it difficult to compare, optimize and predict scale-up performance. Here, we reveal the shear exfoliation mechanism from precursor to 2D material and extract the derived hydrodynamic parameters and scaling relationship that are key to nanomaterial output and common to all shear exfoliation processes. Our investigations use conditions created from two different hydrodynamic instabilities—Taylor vortices and interfacial waves—and combine materials characterization, fluid dynamics experiments and numerical simulations. Using graphene as the prototypical 2D material, we find that scaling of concentration of few-layer nanosheets depends on local strain rate distribution, relationship to the critical exfoliation criterion, and precursor residence time. We report a transmission-reflectance method to measure concentration profiles in real-time, using low-cost optoelectronics and without the need to remove the layered precursor material from the dispersion. We show that our high-throughput, in situ approach has broad uses by controlling the number of atomic layers on-the-fly, rapidly optimizing green solvent design to maximize yield, and viewing live production rates. Combining the findings on the hydrodynamics of exfoliation with this monitoring technique, we unlock targeted process intensification, quality control, batch traceability and individually customizable 2D materials on-demand.
EPOC outside the shield: comparing the performance of a consumer-grade EEG device in shielded and unshielded environments
Authors: Wehrman Jordan , Sörensen Sidsel , de Lissa Peter , Badcock Nicholas A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Low-cost, portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices have become commercially available in the last 10 years. One such system, Emotiv’s EPOC, has been modified to allow event-related potential (ERP) research. Although the EPOC has been shown to provide data comparable to research-grade equipment and has been used in real-world settings, how EPOC performs without the electrical shielding, commonly used in research-grade laboratories, is yet to be systematically tested. In the current article we address this gap by conducting a simple EEG experiment in shielded and unshielded contexts. Participants (n = 13, mean age = 23.2 years, SD = 7.9) monitored the presentation of human versus wristwatch faces, responding whether the images were inverted or not. This method elicited the face-sensitive N170 ERP. In both shielded and unshielded contexts, the N170 amplitude was larger when participants viewed human faces and peaked later when a human face was inverted. More importantly, Bayesian analysis showed no difference in the N170 measured in the shielded and unshielded contexts. Further, the signal recorded in both contexts was highly correlated. The EPOC appears to reliably record EEG signals without a purpose-built electrically-shielded room.
Bifurcation curves of a Dirichlet problem with geometrically concave nonlinearity and an application to the generalized logistic growth model
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chih 
Published: January 2021

We study the bifurcation curves for a Dirichlet problem with geometrically concave nonlinearity. We give an application to the generalized logistic growth model

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Predicting the probability of violence in actor–target relational dyads: Self-control and interpersonal provocations as mutual properties
Authors: Schreck Christopher J , Berg Mark T , Rogers Ethan M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIf disputes are ever-present in human interaction, all relational dyads contain potential offenders and targets. We theorize that each dyad partner’s self-control independently influences the likelihood of violence and that low self-control will express itself in provocative behaviour. Using two waves from the Interpersonal and Conflict Resolution survey, with measures collected from each member of 443 couples, we create dyads and analyse the independent contributions of the specified variables for both would-be offenders and the potential target. We found that a potential target with low self-control was more likely to be attacked by the actor, irrespective of the actor’s self-control. This effect was explained by a tendency of both partners to engage in verbally provocative behaviour. These results are supportive of self-control theory’s predictions concerning the importance of target decision-making and indicate that other criminological theories can profit from considering the target’s role in violent crime causation.
Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Population in China: Results From the Third and Fourth Nationwide Molecular Epidemiologic Surveys
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Lin , Zhang Hua , Ou Weidong , Li Dan , Feng Yi , Zhuang Hui , Shao Yiming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) is similar in modes/routes and related risk factors. Understanding the long-term changing epidemiology of HIV, HBV, and HCV coinfection is important for evaluation of existing disease control policy and healthcare planning. We describe HBV and HCV coinfection based on the latest 2 nationwide molecular epidemiologic surveys of HIV infection in mainland China in 2007 and 2015.

Methods
Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was determined in antiretroviral treatment (ART)–naive people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) from 2 nationwide surveys conducted in 2007 and 2015 from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China. Demographic characteristics, route of HIV transmission, and CD4+ cell count were captured in the national database. Logistic regression was used to study the association between coinfection status and possible relevant risk factors.

Results
A total of 6611 (n = 1571 in 2007; n = 5040 in 2015) ART-naive PLWH met the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection in PLWH decreased from 61.1% in 2007 to 18.0% in 2015. Significant coinfection proportion reduction was found for HCV (from 53.7% to 4.9%), and a moderate decrease for HBV (17.8% to 13.9%). There was an increase of HBV/HIV coinfections among 12 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, associated with domestic migration (adjusted odds ratio, 6.34 [95% confidence interval, 1.82–22.09]).

Conclusions
A significant decrease of HBV and HCV coinfection in PLWH was observed. Due to limited health resources and high transmission efficiency, concerted efforts should be made to further control viral hepatitis epidemics in HIV-positive populations.
A Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly of a Polyphagous Predatory Mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Laelapidae)
Authors: Yan Yi , Zhang Na , Liu Chenglin , Wu Xinran , Liu Kai , Yin Zhan , Zhou Xuguo , Xie Lixia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a polyphagous soil-dwelling predatory mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Laelapidae), formerly known as Stratiolaelaps miles (Berlese), is native to the Northern hemisphere and preys on soil invertebrates, including fungus gnats, springtails, thrips nymphs, nematodes, and other species of mites. Already mass-produced and commercialized in North America, Europe, Oceania and China, S. scimitus will highly likely be introduced to other countries and regions as a biocontrol agent against edaphic pests in the near future. The introduction, however, can lead to unexpected genetic changes within populations of biological control agents, which might decrease the efficacy of pest management or increase the risks to local environments. To better understand the genetic basis of its biology and behavior, we sequenced and assembled the draft genome of S. scimitus using the PacBio Sequel platform II. We generated ∼150× (64.81 Gb) PacBio long reads with an average read length of 12.60 kb. Reads longer than 5 kb were assembled into contigs, resulting in the final assembly of 158 contigs with an N50 length of 7.66 Mb, and captured 93.1% of the BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene set (n = 1,066). We identified 16.39% (69.91 Mb) repetitive elements, 1,686 noncoding RNAs, and 13,305 protein-coding genes, which represented 95.8% BUSCO completeness. Combining analyses of genome family evolution and function enrichment of gene ontology and pathway, a total of 135 families experienced significant expansions, which were mainly involved in digestion, detoxification, immunity, and venom. Major expansions of the detoxification enzymes, that is, P450s and carboxylesterases, suggest a possible genetic mechanism underlying polyphagy and ecological adaptions. Our high-quality genome assembly and annotation provide new insights on the evolutionary biology, soil ecology, and biological control for predaceous mites.
The Importance of Improving Educational Attainment for Dementia Prevalence Trends From 2000 to 2014, Among Older Non-Hispanic Black and White Americans
Authors: Hayward Mark D , Farina Mateo P , Zhang Yuan S , Kim Jung Ki , Crimmins Eileen M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
While a number of studies have documented a notable decline in age-standardized prevalence in dementia in the U.S. population, relatively little is known about how dementia has declined for specific age and race groups, and the importance of changing educational attainment on the downward trend. We assess (a) how the trends in dementia prevalence may have differed across age and race groups and (b) the role of changing educational attainment in understanding these trends.

Methods
This article estimates a series of logistic regression models using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2014) to assess the relative annual decline in dementia prevalence and the importance of improving educational attainment for non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks.

Results
Consistent with other studies, we found significant declines in dementia for non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites across this period. Nonetheless, these declines were not uniform across age and race groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks aged 65–74 years had the steepest decline in this period. We also found that improved educational attainment in the population was fundamentally important in understanding declining dementia prevalence in the United States.

Discussion
This study shows the importance of improvement in educational attainment in the early part of the twentieth century to understand the downward trend in dementia prevalence in the United States from 2000 to 2014.
Secretory products of the corpus luteum and preeclampsia
Authors: Pereira María M , Mainigi Monica , Strauss Jerome F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE), there are still many unknowns and controversies in the field. Women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) to a hormonally prepared endometrium have been found to have an unexpected increased risk of PE compared to women who receive embryos in a natural FET cycle. The differences in risk have been hypothesized to be related to the absence or presence of a functioning corpus luteum (CL).

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
To evaluate the literature on secretory products of the CL that could be essential for a healthy pregnancy and could reduce the risk of PE in the setting of FET.

SEARCH METHODS
For this review, pertinent studies were searched in PubMed/Medline (updated June 2020) using common keywords applied in the field of assisted reproductive technologies, CL physiology and preeclampsia. We also screened the complete list of references in recent publications in English (both animal and human studies) on the topics investigated. Given the design of this work as a narrative review, no formal criteria for study selection or appraisal were utilized.

OUTCOMES
The CL is a major source of multiple factors regulating reproduction. Progesterone, estradiol, relaxin and vasoactive and angiogenic substances produced by the CL have important roles in regulating its functional lifespan and are also secreted into the circulation to act remotely during early stages of pregnancy. Beyond the known actions of progesterone and estradiol on the uterus in early pregnancy, their metabolites have angiogenic properties that may optimize implantation and placentation. Serum levels of relaxin are almost undetectable in pregnant women without a CL, which precludes some maternal cardiovascular and renal adaptations to early pregnancy. We suggest that an imbalance in steroid hormones and their metabolites and polypeptides influencing early physiologic processes such as decidualization, implantation, angiogenesis and maternal haemodynamics could contribute to the increased PE risk among women undergoing programmed FET cycles.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
A better understanding of the critical roles of the secretory products of the CL during early pregnancy holds the promise of improving the efficacy and safety of ART based on programmed FET cycles.
TREATMENT PATTERNS OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS IN THE IMPROVECARENOW REGISTRY
Authors: Hunter Theresa , Komocsar Wendy , Colletti Richard , Liu Chunyan , Benkov Keith , Dotson Jennifer , Steiner Steven , Zhang Nanhua , Crandall Wallace 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess current treatment patterns of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, using data in the ImproveCareNow (ICN) registry.

Methods
Pediatric (2–17 years) patients in the United States who were newly diagnosed with UC or CD between June 1, 2013-December 31, 2019, who had their first recorded ICN visit within 6 months of diagnosis and who were actively followed for at least 12 months (± 90 days) were included in this study. Descriptive statistics of baseline patient demographics were summarized for the overall IBD patient population and separately for UC and CD. Treatment patterns (including use of corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine (6-MP/AZA), methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) [adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, and their biosimilars], ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and other medications [natalizumab and tofacitinib]) were assessed at the initial baseline visit, and at 1-year and 3-year time points.

Results
A total of 6,504 pediatric IBD patients (UC=1,784; CD=4,720) were included in this study. Patients had a mean age at diagnosis of 13.0 years (UC=13.2; CD=12.9), 57.1% were male (UC=49.6%; CD=60.0%), and 81.0% were White (UC=81.2%; CD=81.0%) (Table 1). At the initial ICN visit, 46.4% of UC patients were prescribed a corticosteroid, while 19.8% received a 5-ASA, 12.6% received a TNFi, 10.4% received a 6-MP/AZA, 3.0% received methotrexate, and 0.3% received vedolizumab. At the initial visit, 40.2% of CD patients were prescribed a corticosteroid, while 29.1% received a TNFi, 18.5% received a 6-MP/AZA, 12.4% received methotrexate, and 3.3% received a 5-ASA. At the 1-year and 3-year time points, rates of 5-ASA and corticosteroid use decreased among UC patients; however, rates of 6-MP/AZA, methotrexate, and TNFi increased (Table 2). Similarly, at the 1-year and 3-year time points, rates of corticosteroids among CD patients decreased; however, rates of methotrexate and TNFi increased (Table 2). There was also an increase in use of ustekinumab and vedolizumab over time among UC and CD patients.

Conclusion
These results highlight the current treatment patterns of pediatric UC and CD patients in the United States. At the initial ICN visit, the 46% of UC and 40% of CD patients were receiving corticosteroids, however, at 1-year and 3-years after initial visit, over 30% of UC patients and over 60% of CD patients were receiving TNF inhibitors with considerably reduced corticosteroid use.