bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative medication use and development of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Heinrich Maria , Nottbrock Anja , Borchers Friedrich , Mörgeli Rudolf , Kruppa Jochen , Winterer Georg , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Spies Claudia ,   the BioCog Consortium
Published: May 2021

AbstractPostoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative (neuro‐)cognitive disorder (POCD) are frequent and serious complications after operations. We aim to investigate the association between pre‐operative polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications and the development of POD/POCD in elderly patients. This investigation is part of the European BioCog project (www.biocog.eu), a prospective multicenter observational study with elderly surgical patients. Patients with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score less than or equal to 23 points were excluded. POD was assessed up to 7 days after surgery using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, Confusion Assessment Method (for the intensive care unit [ICU]), and a patient chart review. POCD was assessed 3 months after surgery with a neuropsychological test battery. Pre‐operative long‐term medication was evaluated in terms of polypharmacy (≥5 agents) and potentially inappropriate medication (defined by the PRISCUS and European list of potentially inappropriate medications [EU(7)‐PIM] lists), and associations with POD and POCD were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Eight hundred thirty‐seven participants were included for analysis of POD and 562 participants for POCD. Of these, 165 patients (19.7%) fulfilled the criteria of POD and 60 (10.7%) for POCD. After adjusting for confounders, pre‐operative polypharmacy and intake of potentially inappropriate medications could not be shown to be associated with the development of POD nor POCD. We found no associations between pre‐operative polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications and development of POD and POCD. Future studies should focus on the evaluation of drug interactions to determine whether patients benefit from a pre‐operative adjustment.
Immunohistochemical expression of PAX8, PAX2, and cytokeratin in melanomas
Authors: Plotzke Jaclyn M. , Zhao Raymond , Hrycaj Steven M. , Harms Paul W. , Mehra Rohit , Chan May P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeviations from the classic melanocytic immunophenotype in melanoma can present a diagnostic challenge. PAX8 and PAX2 are common markers for renal or Müllerian differentiation. While most PAX8+ or PAX2+ carcinomas are seldom confused with melanoma, some cases may show a more ambiguous immunophenotype, especially when MiTF family altered renal cell carcinoma (MiTF‐RCC) is in the differential diagnosis. Neither PAX8 nor PAX2 expression has been reported in melanoma to date. We aimed to better characterize PAX8, PAX2, and cytokeratin immunoreactivity in a large series of melanomas.MethodsTissue microarrays consisting of 263 melanomas were immunostained for PAX8, PAX2, and cytokeratin and graded by an h‐score.ResultsPAX8 expression was seen in 7.9% of melanomas and was significantly associated with spindle cytomorphology. PAX2 was positive in one (0.4%) melanoma. Cytokeratin positivity was seen in three (1.2%) cases and was associated with metastases.ConclusionsPAX8 is expressed in a subset of melanomas and may be strong/extensive. As PAX8 positivity does not exclude a diagnosis of melanoma, it should be used in conjunction with other immunohistochemical markers, such as cytokeratin and PAX2, when melanoma, MiTF‐RCC, and other PAX8+ tumors are in the differential diagnosis.
Fecal microbiota transfer for refractory intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease — Experience from two German tertiary centers
Authors: Goeser Felix , Sifft Barbara , Stein‐Thoeringer Christoph , Farowski Fedja , Strassburg Christian P. , Brossart Peter , Higgins Paul G. , Scheid Christoph , Wolf Dominik , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Cruz Aguilar Marta Rebeca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRationaleSteroid refractory graft‐vs‐host disease (sr‐GvHD) represents a challenging complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). Intestinal microbiota (IM) diversity and dysbiosis were identified as influencing factors for the development of acute GvHD. Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is hypothesized to restore IM dysbiosis, but there is limited knowledge about the significance of FMT in the treatment of sr‐GvHD.ObjectivesWe studied the effects of FMT on sr‐GvHD in allo‐HCT patients from two German tertiary clinical centers (n = 11 patients; period: March 2017 until July 2019). To assess safety and clinical efficacy, we analyzed clinical data pre‐ and post‐FMT (day ‐14 to +30 relative to FMT). Moreover, IM were analyzed in donor samples and in a subset of patients pre‐ and post‐FMT by 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsPost‐FMT, we observed no intervention‐associated, systemic inflammatory responses and only minor side effects (5/11 patients: abdominal pain and transformation of peristalsis—each 3/11 and vomiting—1/11). Stool frequencies and volumes were significantly reduced [pre‐ vs post‐FMT (d14): P < .05, respectively] as well as clear attenuation regarding both grading and staging of sr‐GvHD was present upon FMT. Moreover, IM analyses revealed an increase of alpha diversity as well as a compositional shifts toward the donor post‐FMT.ConclusionsIn our study, we observed positive effects on sr‐GVHD after FMT without the occurrence of major adverse events. Although these findings are in line with published data on beneficial effects of FMT in sr‐GvHD, further randomized clinical studies are urgently needed to better define the clinical validity including mode of action.
Peripheral taste detection in honey bees: What do taste receptors respond to?
Authors: Bestea Louise , Réjaud Alexandre , Sandoz Jean‐Christophe , Carcaud Julie , Giurfa Martin , de Brito Sanchez Maria Gabriela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the neural principles governing taste perception in species that bear economic importance or serve as research models for other sensory modalities constitutes a strategic goal. Such is the case of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is environmentally and socioeconomically important, given its crucial role as pollinator agent in agricultural landscapes and which has served as a traditional model for visual and olfactory neurosciences and for research on communication, navigation, and learning and memory. Here we review the current knowledge on honey bee gustatory receptors to provide an integrative view of peripheral taste detection in this insect, highlighting specificities and commonalities with other insect species. We describe behavioral and electrophysiological responses to several tastant categories and relate these responses, whenever possible, to known molecular receptor mechanisms. Overall, we adopted an evolutionary and comparative perspective to understand the neural principles of honey bee taste and define key questions that should be answered in future gustatory research centered on this insect.
A functional variant of the long noncoding RNA AL110200 is associated with the risk of ischaemic stroke recurrence
Authors: Song Li , Li Hao , Suo Miaomiao , Sun Yingying , Su Ming , Song Yan , Xiao Ning , Hui Rutai , Qin Chunchang , Chen Jingzhou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AL110200 exerts a proinflammatory effect on atherosclerosis and that the variant rs901681 contributes to ischaemic stroke incidence and recurrence.MethodsThe expression of AL110200 was analyzed in THP‐1 cells treated with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein and in human peripheral blood in a coronary heart disease and control population to determine the role of AL110200 in atherosclerosis. The effect of AL110200 on cell adhesion and invasion was tested. The plasma level of leukotriene B4 and rs901681 genotype distribution were assessed in 220 participants. In 1004 ischaemic stroke patients and 1434 controls, the association between rs901681 and stroke incidence was analyzed by logistic regression, and the association of rs901681 and stroke prognosis was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsIncreased expression of AL110200 was observed in THP‐1 cells under oxidized low‐density lipoprotein treatment. Knockdown of AL110200 reduced the adhesive and invasive ability of THP‐1 cells. AL110200 expression in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the coronary heart disease group than in the controls. The GG genotype of rs901681 is associated with reduced plasma leukotriene B4. In the ischaemic stroke population, rs901681 was not associated with ischaemic stroke incidence (p = 0.686). Patients carrying rs901681 GG had a lower risk for stroke recurrence at age ≥60 years (p = 0.001), cardiovascular stroke death (p = 0.022) and all‐cause mortality (p = 0.034) in the all‐age group.ConclusionsAL110200 might exert a proinflammatory effect on atherosclerosis, and the variant rs901681 might be a strong predictor of stroke prognosis in ischaemic stroke patients.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus shows specific changes in nerve architecture in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy and motor neuron disease
Authors: van Rosmalen Marieke H. J. , Goedee H. Stephan , Derks Rosina , Asselman Fay‐Lynn , Verhamme Camiel , de Luca Alberto , Hendrikse J. , van der Pol W. Ludo , Froeling Martijn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe immunological pathophysiologies of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) differ considerably, but neither has been elucidated completely. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, T2 mapping, and fat fraction analysis may indicate in vivo pathophysiological changes in nerve architecture. Our study aimed to systematically study nerve architecture of the brachial plexus in patients with CIDP, MMN, motor neuron disease (MND) and healthy controls using these quantitative MRI techniques.MethodsWe enrolled patients with CIDP (n = 47), MMN (n = 29), MND (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 10). All patients underwent MRI of the brachial plexus and we obtained diffusion parameters, T2 relaxation times and fat fraction using an automated processing pipeline. We compared these parameters between groups using a univariate general linear model.ResultsFractional anisotropy was lower in patients with CIDP compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001), patients with MND (p = 0.010) and MMN (p < 0.001). Radial diffusivity was higher in patients with CIDP compared to healthy controls (p = 0.015) and patients with MND (p = 0.001) and MMN (p < 0.001). T2 relaxation time was elevated in patients with CIDP compared to patients with MND (p = 0.023). Fat fraction was lower in patients with CIDP and MMN compared to patients with MND (both p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results show that quantitative MRI parameters differ between CIDP, MMN and MND, which may reflect differences in underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
The impact of management controls on public managers’ well‐being
Authors: Siverbo Sven 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPublic sector managers are increasingly subject to management controls. In this study, we determine how management controls in public sector organizations influence managers’ well‐being at work. Based on central beliefs and concepts in the management control literature and self‐determination theory, we develop, test, and confirm a theoretical model predicting that positive effects of management controls on public managers’ well‐being are explained by increased role clarity and negative effects by increased control burden, which in turn affects managers’ self‐determination. The model was tested through web survey responses from 1,029 managers from ten Swedish local government organizations. Our research contributes to the literature on well‐being effects of management controls by specifying how positive and negative effects on managers’ well‐being occur.
Influences of pH and substrate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction
Authors: Paper Janet M. , Flynn Theodore M. , Boyanov Maxim I. , Kemner Kenneth M. , Haller Ben R. , Crank Kathleen , Lower AnneMarie , Jin Qusheng , Kirk Matthew F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIron reduction and sulfate reduction often occur simultaneously in anoxic systems, and where that is the case, the molar ratio between the reactions (i.e., Fe/SO42− reduced) influences their impact on water quality and carbon storage. Previous research has shown that pH and the supply of electron donors and acceptors affect that ratio, but it is unclear how their influences compare and affect one another. This study examines impacts of pH and the supply of acetate, sulfate, and goethite on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction in semi‐continuous sediment bioreactors. We examined which parameter had the greatest impact on that ratio and whether the parameter influences depended on the state of each other. Results show that pH had a greater influence than acetate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction, and that the impact of acetate supply on the ratio depended on pH. In acidic reactors (pH 6.0 media), the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction decreased from 3:1 to 2:1 as acetate supply increased (0–1 mM). In alkaline reactors (pH 7.5 media), iron and sulfate were reduced in equal proportions, regardless of acetate supply. Secondly, a comparison of experiments with and without sulfate shows that the extent of iron reduction was greater if sulfate reduction was occurring and that the effect was larger in alkaline reactors than acidic reactors. Thus, the influence of sulfate supply on iron reduction extent also depended on pH and suggests that iron reduction grows more dependent on sulfate reduction as pH increases. Our results compare well to trends in groundwater geochemistry and provide further evidence that pH is a major control on iron and sulfate reduction in systems with crystalline (oxyhydr)oxides. pH not only affects the ratio between the reactions but also the influences of other parameters on that ratio.
Interannual variation in rainfall modulates temperature sensitivity of carbon allocation and flux in a tropical montane wet forest
Authors: Lyu Maokui , Giardina Christian P. , Litton Creighton M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTropical forests exert a disproportionately large influence on terrestrial carbon (C) balance but projecting the effects of climate change on C cycling in tropical forests remains uncertain. Reducing this uncertainty requires improved quantification of the independent and interactive effects of variable and changing temperature and precipitation regimes on C inputs to, cycling within and loss from tropical forests. Here, we quantified aboveground litterfall and soil‐surface CO2 efflux (“soil respiration”; FS) in nine plots organized across a highly constrained 5.2°C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in tropical montane wet forest. We used five consecutive years of these measurements, during which annual rainfall (AR) steadily increased, in order to: (a) estimate total belowground C flux (TBCF); (b) examine how interannual variation in AR alters the apparent temperature dependency (Q10) of above‐ and belowground C fluxes; and (c) quantify stand‐level C allocation responses to MAT and AR. Averaged across all years, FS, litterfall, and TBCF increased positively and linearly with MAT, which accounted for 49, 47, and 46% of flux rate variation, respectively. Rising AR lowered TBCF and FS, but increased litterfall, with patterns representing interacting responses to declining light. The Q10 of FS, litterfall, and TBCF all decreased with increasing AR, with peak sensitivity to MAT in the driest year and lowest sensitivity in the wettest. These findings support the conclusion that for this tropical montane wet forest, variations in light, water, and nutrient availability interact to strongly influence productivity (litterfall+TBCF), the sensitivity of above‐ and belowground C fluxes to rising MAT (Q10 of FS, litterfall, and TBCF), and C allocation patterns (TBCF:[litterfall+TBCF]).
Spatial biases of information influence global estimates of soil respiration: How can we improve global predictions?
Authors: Stell Emma , Warner Daniel , Jian Jinshi , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Vargas Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil respiration (Rs), the efflux of CO2 from soils to the atmosphere, is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but is poorly constrained from regional to global scales. The global soil respiration database (SRDB) is a compilation of in situ Rs observations from around the globe that has been consistently updated with new measurements over the past decade. It is unclear whether the addition of data to new versions has produced better‐constrained global Rs estimates. We compared two versions of the SRDB (v3.0 n = 5173 and v5.0 n = 10,366) to determine how additional data influenced global Rs annual sum, spatial patterns and associated uncertainty (1 km spatial resolution) using a machine learning approach. A quantile regression forest model parameterized using SRDBv3 yielded a global Rs sum of 88.6 Pg C year−1, and associated uncertainty of 29.9 (mean absolute error) and 57.9 (standard deviation) Pg C year−1, whereas parameterization using SRDBv5 yielded 96.5 Pg C year−1 and associated uncertainty of 30.2 (mean average error) and 73.4 (standard deviation) Pg C year−1. Empirically estimated global heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from v3 and v5 were 49.9–50.2 (mean 50.1) and 53.3–53.5 (mean 53.4) Pg C year−1, respectively. SRDBv5’s inclusion of new data from underrepresented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) resulted in overall higher model uncertainty. The largest differences between models parameterized with different SRDVB versions were in arid/semi‐arid regions. The SRDBv5 is still biased toward northern latitudes and temperate zones, so we tested an optimized global distribution of Rs measurements, which resulted in a global sum of 96.4 ± 21.4 Pg C year−1 with an overall lower model uncertainty. These results support current global estimates of Rs but highlight spatial biases that influence model parameterization and interpretation and provide insights for design of environmental networks to improve global‐scale Rs estimates.
Distinct interaction effects of warming and anthropogenic input on diatoms and dinoflagellates in an urbanized estuarine ecosystem
Authors: Cheung Yan Yin , Cheung Shunyan , Mak Julian , Liu Kailin , Xia Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaodong , Yung Yingkit , Liu Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiatoms and dinoflagellates are two major bloom‐forming phytoplankton groups in coastal ecosystems and their dominances will notably affect the marine ecosystems. By analyzing an 18‐year monthly monitoring dataset (2000–2017) in the Pearl River Estuary (one of the most highly urbanized and populated estuarine in the world), we observe an increasing trend of the diatom to dinoflagellate ratio (Diatom/Dino). As revealed by multiple statistical models (generalized additive mixed model, random forest, and gradient boosting algorithms), both groups are positively correlated with temperature. Diatoms are positively correlated with nitrate and negatively correlated with ammonium while dinoflagellates show an opposite pattern. The Diatom/Dino trend is explained by an altered nutrient composition caused by a decadal increase in anthropogenic input, at which nitrate increased rapidly while ammonium and phosphate were relatively constant. Regarding the interaction of warming and nutrient dynamics, we observe an additive effect of warming and nitrate enrichment that promotes the increase in diatom cell density, while the dinoflagellate cell density only increases with warming when nutrients are depleted. Our models predict that the Diatom/Dino ratio will further increase with increasing anthropogenic input and global warming in subtropical estuarine ecosystems with nitrate as the dominant inorganic nitrogen; its ecological consequences are worthy of further investigation.
Higher biomass partitioning to absorptive roots improves needle nutrition but does not alleviate stomatal limitation of northern Scots pine
Authors: Zadworny Marcin , Mucha Joanna , Bagniewska‐Zadworna Agnieszka , Żytkowiak Roma , Mąderek Ewa , Danusevičius Darius , Oleksyn Jacek , Wyka Tomasz P. , McCormack M. Luke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHarsh environmental conditions affect both leaf structure and root traits. However, shoot growth in high‐latitude systems is predominately under photoperiod control while root growth may occur for as long as thermal conditions are favorable. The different sensitivities of these organs may alter functional relationships above‐ and belowground along environmental gradients. We examined the relationship between absorptive root and foliar traits of Scots pine trees growing in situ along a temperate‐boreal transect and in trees grown in a long‐term common garden at a temperate latitude. We related changes in foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, specific leaf area, needle mass and 13C signatures to geographic trends in absorptive root biomass to better understand patterns of altered tree nutrition and water balance. Increased allocation to absorptive fine roots was associated with greater uptake of soil nutrients and subsequently higher needle nutrient contents in the northern provenances compared with more southern provenances when grown together in a common garden setting. In contrast, the leaf δ13C in northern and southern provenances were similar within the common garden suggesting that higher absorptive root biomass fractions could not adequately increase water supply in warmer climates. These results highlight the importance of allocation within the fine‐root system and its impacts on needle nutrition while also suggesting increasing stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in the context of anticipated climatic changes.
Continued obstacles to wood‐based biomass production in the southeastern United States
Authors: North Benjamin W. , Pienaar Elizabeth F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInternational demand for wood‐based biomass for bioenergy production is growing, and private forestlands in the southeastern United States have the potential to supply that demand. The southeastern United States (Southeast) is the world's largest exporter of wood pellets for bioenergy, primarily to the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU). However, wood‐based biomass production accounts for only a small share of total wood removals from private forestlands in the Southeast. There is sufficient wood‐based biomass in the Southeast to support greater production of wood pellets for domestic and international markets without redirecting timber from sawtimber and pulpwood production. In 2018–19, we conducted 39 semi‐structured interviews with private forest landowners, foresters, loggers, and biomass production facility managers in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to obtain their views on wood‐based biomass production in the Southeast. Although landowners were interested in supplying wood for biomass as a byproduct of timber harvesting, they seldom participated in wood‐based biomass production because of limited and unreliable access to biomass markets. Loggers and production facility managers had not invested in biomass production because they remain skeptical about the financial viability of wood‐based biomass. Continued obstacles to biomass production include: price competition with fossil fuels and conventional wood products; inconsistent domestic government support for biomass production; concerns about meeting the sustainability requirements to export wood‐based biomass to the UK and EU; and the high costs associated with harvesting low‐grade wood for biomass. The barriers to biomass expansion in the southeastern United States remain primarily economic and political rather than biophysical.