bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interoperability Opportunities and Challenges in Linking mHealth applications and eRecord systems: Botswana as an Exemplar
Authors: Ndlovu Kagiso , Scott Richard E. , Mars Maurice 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Significant investments have been made towards the implementation of mHealth applications and eRecord systems globally. However, fragmentation of these technologies remains a big challenge, often unresolved in developing countries. In particular, evidence shows little consideration for linking mHealth applications and eRecord systems. Botswana is a typical developing country that has adopted mHealth applications, but the solutions are not interoperable with existing eRecord systems. This paper describes Botswana’s eRecord systems interoperability landscape and provides guidance for linking mHealth applications to eRecord systems, both for Botswana and for developing countries using Botswana as an exemplar.
Methods
A survey and interviews of health ICT workers and a review of the Botswana National eHealth Strategy were completed. Perceived interoperability benefits, opportunities and challenges were charted and analysed, and future guidance derived.
Results
Survey and interview responses showed the need for interoperable mHealth applications and eRecord systems within the health sector of Botswana and within the context of the National eHealth Strategy. However, the current Strategy does not address linking mHealth applications to eRecord systems. Across Botswana’s health sectors, global interoperability standards and Application Programming Interfaces are widely used, with some level of interoperability within, but not between, public and private facilities. Further, a mix of open source and commercial eRecord systems utilising SQL database systems and similar data formats are supported. Challenges for linking mHealth applications and eRecord systems in Botswana were identified and categorised into themes which led to development of guidance to enhance the National eHealth Strategy.
Conclusion
Interoperability between mHealth applications and eRecord systems is needed and is feasible. Opportunities and challenges for linking mHealth applications to eRecord systems were identified, and future guidance stemming from this insight presented. Findings will aid Botswana, and other developing countries, in resolving the pervasive disconnect between mHealth applications and eRecord systems.
Differential Occurrence of Epicuticular wax and its Role in Leaf Tissues of Three Edible Aroids Hails from North Eastern Hill Region of India
Authors: Pieniazek Facundo , Dasgupta Madhumita , Messina Valeria , Sahoo Manas Ranjan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Localization of epicuticular wax (EW) content in leaf tissues and its interaction on leaf protective mechanisms of three edible aroids, Alocasia, Colocasia and Xanthosoma were assessed. Scanning electron microscopy depicted the occurrence of EW in leaf tissues which was higher in Colocasia (10.61 mg dm-2) and Xanthosoma (11.36 mg dm-2) than in Alocasia (1.36 mg dm-2). The result highlighted the interface of EW between the leaves and its internal and external environments. EW acted as a protecting barrier against deleterious solar radiation in term of sun protecting factor (SPF). Occurrence of EW also effectively managed leaf pigmentation, moisture retention, cellular membrane integrity against the invaders. Colocasia exhibited superhydrophobic properties with higher static contact angle (CA) >150o than hydrophobic Xanthosoma and Alocasia with CA ranged between 99.0o to 128.7o. Colocasia EW highly influenced the qualitative and protective mechanisms of leaf. Aroids are the cheapest sources of edible EW among the terrestrial plants could be used in food, agricultural and industrial applications.
A Low Complexity STPAP Algorithm based on Alternating Polarization Sensitive Array
Authors: Sha Shuang , Lyu Tingting , Zhang Hao , Gulliver T. Aaron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) has been widely used in the fields of communication, radar, and navigation anti-jamming. However, the traditional scalar array used by STAP has certain limitations，because it can only obtain spatial information. In order to further improve the performance of the space-time domain joint filtering technology, this paper replaces the traditional scalar array with an alternating polarization sensitive array (APSA). Compared with the dual polarization sensitive array (DPSA), it can not only obtain the polarization information of the signal, but also reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. Methods: Using the polarization information of the signals, this paper realizes an alternate polarization sensitive array space-time-polarization adaptive processing algorithm (APSA-STPAP) based on the linear variance minimum criterion (LCMV). Different from the traditional LCMV criterion, this paper takes the space-time polarization joint steering vector of the desired signal and the interference signal as the constraint matrix, and uses the "1 condition" and "zero condition" as the constraint conditions to effectively suppress the interference signal and enhance the expectation signal. Results: The simulation results show that: (1) APSA-STPAP algorithm can achieve the same filtering effect as DPSA-STPAP algorithm. From the perspective of the spatial domain, time domain and polarization domain, it can form null in the direction of interference, effectively suppress the interference signal, and realize space-time-polarization adaptive processing. (2) Under the same conditions, APSA-STPAP algorithm can achieve the same filtering effect as DPSA-STPAP algorithm. there is a big difference between the two algorithms, APSA-STPAP algorithm can effectively reduce the amount of computation. Moreover, the dipole of alternating polarization sensitive array is halved, which reduces the coupling effect between electric dipoles, and is conducive to engineering implementation. (3) APSA-STPAP algorithm can maintain good anti-interference performance even when the electric dipole and anti-jamming degree of freedom are reduced by half, and its anti-jamming performance is similar to that of polarization sensitive array. The output SINR of DPSA-STPAP algorithm is about 3dB higher than that of APSA-STPAP algorithm. There is little difference between the anti- interference performance of APSA and DPSA.
A Case-Control Study on Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Changaripour Shahab , Sarvazad Hosna , Barghi Maryam , Sajadi Elham , Sadeghian Mahdi Hashempour , Eskandari-Roozbahani Narges 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with virus infections. This study was performed to evaluate the blood lipid profile in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and exploring the underlying factors in its development and their predictive value for the severity of COVID-19.Methods In a case-control study, the lipid profile of patients with COVID-19 at the first admitted to two clinical centers in the west of Iran (July 2020 to Dec. 2020) and age- and gender-matched healthy people were explored. Three groups of controls, patients with the severe form of Covid-19 (admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)), patients with Covid-19 with less intensity (outpatient admission), were defined for the subjects included in the study. The predictive values of different variables obtained from medical records for COVID-19 severity were analyzed.Results Generally, 48 outpatients and 49 ICU patients, including 70 men and 23 women with a mean age of 62.4±13.5 years, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 32 people, match sex and age with the patient groups. The mean triglyceride (TG) in the Covid-19 groups was higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference between them. The mean cholesterol in the patient groups was lower than the control group (p=0.001). The mean of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly different in the patient groups; HDL-C in the ICU group was more than outpatient, and LDL-C in the outpatient group was more than ICU (P<0.05). LDL-C and HDL-C in the ICU group were less than the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two mentioned groups. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was higher in the ICU group than in the outpatient group (P<0.001). Furthermore, LDL-C level was associated with disease severity (odds ratio (OR): 0.966, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.944-0.989, P= 0.004).Conclusion Lipid profiles in Covid-19 patients have different faces from healthy individuals. In the severe form, the lipid status has a different profile from the less severe form of Covid-19 disease. LDL-C level can be used as an indicator to determine the severity of Covid-19 disease.
Preparation of Ti/Al composite plates by differential temperature rolling with induction heating
Authors: Yu Chao , He zhibin , Lv Qiang , Yu Jirui , Xiao Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current study, we proposed a method of differential temperature rolling with electromagnetic induction heating to prepare Ti/Al composite plates in a protective atmosphere to realize the homogeneous deformation of Ti/Al bonding rolling and improve the interfacial bonding strength of the composite plates. The temperature field required for homogeneous deformation rolling of titanium and aluminum was constructed through finite element simulation by adjusting the parameters of electromagnetic induction heating, which made a temperature difference of about 632°C between titanium and aluminum, and the temperature of each plate was relatively uniform. The induction heating experiment was designed based on the finite element simulation, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified by the experiment. The effects of rolling temperature and reduction rate of homogeneous deformation and bonding strength of Ti/Al composite plates were studied by rolling experiments. When the heating temperature of the Ti plate is 750–850°C, and the reduction rate is 30%-48%, with the increase of rolling temperature and reduction rate of titanium, the reduction rate of Ti plate and Al plate gradually tend to be the same. When the temperature of titanium plate and aluminum plate is 850°C and 188°C, respectively, with the rolling reduction rate of 48%, the deformation rate of Ti plate and Al plate is 46.8% and 48.6%, respectively, and the bonding strength of the composite plate reaches 77MPa.
Levels of serum VEGF-C/D and CXCL-12 are related to the severity of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tian Qingshan , Yang Zhichao , Li Lianfei , Kong Yun , Zhu Hongwen , Yang Yiheng , Wu Hao , Zheng Zhenzhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the relationship between serum levels of lymphangiogenic factors and type 2 diabetic nephropathy and to evaluate the role of lymphangiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy.
Methods

The patients were divided into a normal albuminuria group (UmAlb < 30 mg/24 h, n = 30), microalbuminuria group (UmAlb 30–300 mg/24 h, n = 30) and massive albuminuria group (UmAlb > 300 mg/24 h, n = 30), and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as the healthy control group (n = 30). Levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) and chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL-12) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Results

The serum levels of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and CXCL-12 were significantly increased in all type 2 diabetic nephropathy groups. The correlation analysis showed that serum levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and CXCL-12 were positively correlated with serum creatinine and urinary microalbumin, and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. For discriminating the DN patients in the massive albuminuria group, microalbuminuria group and normal albuminuria group, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROCs) for VEGF-C were 0.668 (95%CI: 0.531–0.805), 0.799 (95%CI: 0.678–0.920), and 0.850 (95%CI: 0.756–0.944); when the cutoff values were 152.40, 196.05 and 214.60 pg/ml, and the sensitivity was 93.3%, 96.7% and 100.0%, the specificity was 40.0%, 50.0% and 56.7%, respectively.
Conclusion

Serum VEGF-C,VEGF-D and CXCL-12 levels gradually increased in diabetic nephropathy, which has high value for the early diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity in diabetic nephropathy. These findings suggest that serum VEGF-C,VEGF-D and CXCL-12 levels may be a useful surrogate marker of clinical outcome in DN.
Autophagy Regulates the Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cells Exosomes on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier Damage
Authors: Li Chichi , Li Liqun , Wang Min , Wang Wangjia , Li Yuping , Zhang Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Exosomes have been recognized as being more effective than direct stem cell differentiation into functional target cells for protecting against tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the effect of autophagy on ADSC functions, but the role of ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) and autophagy-mediated regulation of ADSC-Exos in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage remain unclear. Methods: LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier injury was detected after ADSC-Exos pretreatment. Effects of autophagy on the function and bioactive miRNAs components of ADSC-Exos were assessed after inhibiting the cells autophagy in advance. Results: ADSC-Exo culture resulted in significant alleviation of LPS-induced microvascular barrier injury. The inhibition of autophagy markedly weakened the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos. In addition, autophagy inhibition changed the expression levels of the five specific miRNAs in exosomes; interleukin-1β（IL-1β）preconditioning promoted the expression of miR(miRNA)-21a but lowered the expressions of let-7-a-1, miR-143 and miR-145a, and did not affect the expression of miR-451a. Autophagy inhibition, however, has prohibited the expressions of all these miRNAs under IL-1β preconditioning. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ADSC-Exos protect against LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage. Autophagy is a positive mediator of exosome function at least partly through controlling the expression of bioactive miRNAs in exosomes.
ALDOB Promotes Neuroblastoma Metastasis by Affecting EMT Pathway and is a Potential Prognostic Factor
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiao , Gu Yaoyao , Chen Kai , Dai Haipeng , Huang Jie , Wu Z , Wu Yeming , Li Zhongrong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background： Aldolase B (ALDOB) is a member of the aldolase family, which is the fourth enzyme in glycolysis process. In recent years, the non-enzymatic effects of some glycolytic enzymes have been reported to promote the formation of several human tumors, but the non-enzymatic action of ALDOB in neuroblastoma(NB) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the non-enzymatic effect of ALDOB in neuroblastoma.Methods： We used immunohistochemistry to examine 63 patients tissue microarray samples and 3 pairs of lymph node metastases and the primary tissue samples, and evaluated the relationship between ALDOB expression level and clinical characteristics. We then analyzed the public datasets of NB based on microarray to verify the immunohistochemistry results. In addition, we conducted in vitro experiments on SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y cell lines to explore the molecular mechanism.Results： Immunohistochemistry indicated ALDOB is significantly associated with INSS stage and tumor metastasis in NB, public dataset analysis showed ALDOB is related to NB patient survival remarkably. In vitro experiments displayed silencing ALDOB may inhibit the cell migration by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.Conclusions： Our finding demonstrated that ALDOB can affect the metastasis of NB by EMT pathway and may be a potential target for neuroblastoma therapy in the future.
The Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfamethoxazole Pyrimethamine on Pregnant Women and Newborns at Bon Samaritain Hospital in N'Djamena, Chad.
Authors: Neguemadji Ngaba Ngardig , Askemdet Obélix , Hange Namrata , Pormento Maria Kezia Lourdes Ligsay , Dogar Zeryab Ghous , Chaouche Amel Braham , Somagutta Manoj Kumar Reddy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Chadian government established a program of free intermittent preventive treatment withsulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) for pregnant women. This program estimated the impact of IPTp-SP onthe malarial prevalence among women and newborn children, a study was planned for pregnant women whoconsulted in the Bon samaritain hospital in NDja mena, Chad.Methods: This 14 month study was conducted on 149 pregnant women. They were followed until delivery foroutcomes such as malaria attacks, anemia and placental malaria, low birth weight and prematurity in newborns.Data was collected with the help of a pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed with SPSS and R studio, Oddsrisk was calculated.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 25.8 ś 6.2 years with 72.5% under the age of 20 years,and half were housewives with a secondary school education. More than half of the pregnant women (84,56.3%) never used insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Among the 149 study participants, (64, 42,95%) received3 doses of IPTp-SP, while 31( 20.8%) did not receive any dose of IPTp-SP. Only 30% (45) of the total 149participants reported to be malaria positive; while 28.9% (43) were diagnosed with placental malaria. Of the43 placenta malaria cases, 21(48.83%) had not received SP. Most of the lower birth weight babies with weight< 2500g (40,81.64%) were reported in pregnant mothers who have reported administration of one or no doseof SP. Out of 31 pregnant women, 21 (67.7%) without IPTp-SP had reported at least one attack of malariaduring their pregnancy compared to 22 women out of 118(18.7%) of those who had at least one dose ofSulfamethoxazole pyrimethamine (p = 0.001 ). Out of 31 pregnant women who have not received IPTp-SP,26 women (83.9%) reported anaemiaw ith Hb <10.5g/dl while 17 (65.4%) with severeanemia Hb <8g/dl .Conclusion: The maternal rate of attack of malaria, placenta infestation, maternal anemia,and low birth weightbabies decrease considerably with administration of three or more doses of s ulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.
Soluble P-selectin and Correlation with Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 in Myeloid Malignancies in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital
Authors: Sukrisman Lugyanti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with hematological malignancies carry increased risk of cancer-associated thrombosis and adhesion molecule plays an important role in the mechanism of thrombus formation. The study aimed to evaluate the soluble P-selectin and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and to determine the correlation of sP-selectin with leukocyte count and F1 + 2 levels in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed AML and CML patients, aged 18 years or older. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, severe infection, immobilization for at least 3 days or during intensive chemotherapy. Controls were healthy people, without anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet medication. Complete blood count was measured by ABX Micros 60®, and sP-selectin and F1 + 2 levels were determined using Behring ELISA Processor-III® and Behring Enzygnost F1 + 2.
Results
A total of 55 subjects, consisted of 25 AML and 13 CML patients and 17 controls. Soluble P-selectin was significantly elevated in AML patients compared to CML patients (median 0.14 vs 0.25 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Levels of F1 + 2 in AML (median 519.03 pmol/L) and CML patients (median 370.16 pmol/L) were significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.043). Soluble P-selectin were significantly correlated to leukocyte count (R = 0.437; p = 0.029) and F1 + 2 (R = 0.436; p = 0.029) in AML, but not in CML patients.
Conclusions
AML and CML patients had increased expression of sP-selectin and coagulation activation. While CML patients had higher sP-selectin, AML patients had the highest state of hypercoagulability. Soluble P-selectin was correlated with leukocyte count and F1 + 2 in AML patients.
Highly efficient maximum-likelihood identification methods for bilinear systems with colored noises
Authors: Li Meihang , Liu Ximei , Fan Yamin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a special class of nonlinear systems, bilinear systems can naturally describe many industrial production process. This paper mainly discussed the highly efficient iterative identification methods for bilinear systems with autoregressive moving average noise. Firstly, the input-output representation of the bilinear systems is derived through eliminating the unknown state variables in the model. Then based on the maximum-likelihood principle and the negative gradient search principle, a maximum-likelihood gradient-based iterative (ML-GI) algorithm is proposed to identify the parameters of the bilinear systems with colored noises. For further improving the computational efficiency, the original identification model is divided into three sub-identification models with smaller dimensions and fewer parameters, and a hierarchical maximum-likelihood gradient-based iterative (H-ML-GI) algorithm is derived by using the hierarchical identification principle. A gradient-based iterative (GI) algorithm is given for comparison. Finally, the algorithms are verified by a simulation example. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are effective for identifying bilinear systems with colored noises and the H-ML-GI algorithm has a higher computational efficiency and a faster convergence rate than the ML-GI algorithm and the GI algorithm.
Gender, health and ageing in Fiji: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Dodd Rebecca , Shanthosh Janani , Lung Thomas , Robaigau Aporosa , Perman Mai Ling , Rafai Eric , Poulos Roslyn , Zwi Anthony B. , John Renu , Palagyi Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Women are disadvantaged by ageing: older women are more likely than older men to suffer from ill-health, have less access to health care and suffer discrimination within the health care system. Globally, there is a dearth of health research on gender and ageing with substantial knowledge gaps in low and middle-income country contexts. Part of a wider investigation on health and ageing in Fiji, our objective was to identify and describe gendered differences in healthy ageing in this Pacific Island context which we believe to be the first such study in the Pacific region.
Methods

Applying a health systems lens, we used a mixed-methods approach, encompassing analysis of cause of death data; focus group discussion to gather community and family attitudes to health services; and policy analysis, and then used data triangulation techniques to draw out key themes and insights.
Results

We found that gender affects health outcomes among older persons, attitudes towards and experience of healthy ageing, and an older person’s access to and use of health services. We also found that while Fiji’s policy response to ageing has recognised the importance of gender, to-date there has been limited action to address gender differences. Gender (as oppose to sex differences) has direct and indirect implications for the health of older Fijians, while gendered inequalities and patriarchal norms appear to affect both men and women’s experience of ageing and the health system response. Further, gender and age discrimination may be intersecting, intensifying their separate effects.
Conclusion

This study demonstrates the feasibility and importance of applying a gender lens to the study of healthy ageing. Our findings from Fiji are likely to be relevant to other Pacific island countries, and beyond; and, the data triangulation methodology may be considered as an efficient and insightful way to examine gendered responses to healthy ageing elsewhere.