bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microporosity mediated proliferation of preosteoblast cells on 3D printed bone scaffolds
Authors: Li Jian , Chong Yi Ting , Teng Choon Peng , Liu Jinyan , Wang FuKe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroporous structure plays a significant role in bone tissue engineering, to influence inductive bone formation and elevate bone ingrowth inside microporous scaffolds. We hereby fabricated microporous scaffolds by 3D printing with mixture of porogens and photopolymerizing resin. Our method can tune the microporosity of scaffolds from 0% to 36% by varying the porogen concentration in the inks from zero to 60 vol%. The microporosity and microspore size of scaffolds can affect in vitro expansion of preosteoblast cells. We evaluated the attachment, spreading and proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 mouse preosteoblast cells on the printed porous scaffolds. Our studies revealed that preosteoblast cells’ in vitro adhesion and proliferation were significantly mediated by the printed scaffolds. Cells proliferation on scaffolds with 20%–30% microporosity showed much higher rate than on other scaffolds. In this microporosity range, scaffolds also showed much better cell spreading and morphologies. At a low level of microporosity (< 7%), the cell proliferation rate was even lower than the solid scaffolds, which indicates that the microporous structure is “toxic” for cells at low microporosity range. A higher microporosity (> 35%) led to very poor cell attachment and is unfavorable for the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Furthermore, the printed dual macro‐/micro‐porous scaffolds showed higher proliferation rate of MC3T3‐E1 cells as compared to mono‐pore sized scaffolds, either the macro‐porous or microporous structure.
Graphene oxide grafted with polydimethylsiloxane modified polyurethane
Authors: Liu Danian , Wang Jingwen , Gao Xinhua , Wang Houqing , Ren Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in polymers, we synthesized polyurethane (PU) chains with long polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chains as the “soft segment” and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the “hard segment”, then the PU chains were grafted onto GO. The results of compatibility in solvents and TEM images of composites indicated that the modified GO (GO‐PU) would present two different shapes in non‐polar and polar solvents (cocoon‐like shape and stretched shape, respectively). The two shapes made it have a good dispersion in both non‐polar and polar polymers, it was expected to be applied in both non‐polar and polar polymer matrixes. This provided a method for covalent modification of GO.
Chemogenetic suppression of anterior cingulate cortical neurons projecting to the visual cortex disrupts attentional behavior in mice
Authors: Norman Kevin J. , Koike Hiroyuki , McCraney Sarah E. , Garkun Yury , Bateh Julia , Falk Elisa N. , Im Susanna , Caro Keaven , Demars Michael P. , Morishita Hirofumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimAttention is a goal‐directed cognitive process that facilitates the detection of task‐relevant sensory stimuli from dynamic environments. Anterior cingulate cortical area (ACA) is known to play a key role in attentional behavior, but the specific circuits mediating attention remain largely unknown. As ACA modulates sensory processing in the visual cortex (VIS), we aim to test a hypothesis that frontal top‐down neurons projecting from ACA to VIS (ACAVIS) contributes to visual attention behavior through chemogenetic approach.MethodsAdult, male mice were trained to perform the 5‐choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) using a touchscreen system. An intersectional viral approach was used to selectively express inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (iDREADD) or a static fluorophore (mCherry) in ACAVIS neurons. Mice received counterbalanced injections (i.p.) of the iDREADD ligand (clozapine‐N‐oxide; CNO) or vehicle (saline) prior to 5CSRTT testing. Finally, mice underwent progressive ratio testing and open field testing following CNO or saline administration.ResultsChemogenetic suppression of ACAVIS neuron activity decreased correct task performance during the 5CSRTT mainly driven by an increase in omission and a trending decrease in accuracy with no change in behavioral outcomes associated with motivation, impulsivity, or compulsivity. Breakpoint during the progressive ratio task and distance moved in the open field test were unaffected by ACAVIS neuron suppression. CNO administration itself had no effect on task performance in mCherry‐expressing mice.ConclusionThese results identify long‐range frontal‐sensory ACAVIS projection neurons as a key enactor of top‐down attentional behavior and may serve as a beneficial therapeutic target.
A novel rapid cure epoxy resin with internal mold release
Authors: Reichanadter Alex , Bank Dave , Mansson Jan‐Anders E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMold preparation, material layup, and cure times for thermoset‐based composites often limit their use in high‐volume applications. As such, new rapid cure epoxy resins are being developed to achieve a complete cycle time within 3 min. In this research, calorimetry and rheometry are used to examine and model two novel rapid cure epoxy resin systems with internal mold release. The rapid cure epoxy resins followed an autocatalytic cure kinetic and William–Landel–Ferry diffusion model. The rapid cure epoxy resin was shown to achieve 94% cure in 2 min at 150°C. However, adding an additional 2.5 wt% internal mold release hindered the first step of the reaction, which delayed the second reaction step since the final degrees of cure were similar. Furthermore, the resin viscosity followed a modified William–Landel–Ferry equation and at 120°C could maintain a viscosity below 5 Pa s for 4.1 min. These models provided valuable insight into the range of processing conditions these novel resins could experience during impregnation and molding processes.
G‐Algebroids: A Unified Framework for Exceptional and Generalised Geometry, and Poisson–Lie Duality
Authors: Bugden Mark , Hulík Ondřej , Valach Fridrich , Waldram Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe introduce the notion of ‐algebroid, generalising both Lie and Courant algebroids, as well as the algebroids used in exceptional generalised geometry for . Focusing on the exceptional case, we prove a classification of “exact” algebroids and translate the related classification of Leibniz parallelisable spaces into a tractable algebraic problem. After discussing the general notion of Poisson–Lie duality, we show that the Poisson–Lie U‐duality is compatible with the equations of motion of supergravity.
Defining Pathways of Anaerobic Alkane Oxidation: Synthesis of Enantiomers of 4‐Methylalkanoic Acids and (2‐Methylalkyl)malonic Acids
Authors: Drozdowska Marta , Tromans Jay , Zhang Bian , Jarling René , Wilkes Heinz , Golding Bernard T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coenzyme A (CoA) esters of 4‐methylalkanoic acids are pivotal intermediates in metabolism of alkanes by anaerobic bacteria found in O2‐deprived environments. A generic method for synthesis of either (R)‐ or (S)‐acid in high enantiomeric purity from enantiomers of methyl 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropionate is described for (R)‐ and (S)‐4‐methyloctanoic acid and (R)‐4‐methyldodecanoic acid. In a typical procedure silyl‐protection of methyl (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropionate was followed by reduction of the ester to a primary alcohol, which was tosylated. Cu(I)‐catalysed cross‐coupling of the tosylate with propylmagnesium chloride followed by deprotection, tosylation and base‐induced reaction with di‐t‐butyl malonate, gave di‐t‐butyl (R)‐(2‐methylhexyl)malonate. Microwave heating of the diester in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol gave a 42 % overall yield of (R)‐4‐methyloctanoic acid, which was shown to be the enantiomer derived by metabolism of hexane by proteobacterium Aromatoleum sp. HxN1. Deprotection of the diester with trifluoroacetic acid gave (R)‐2‐(2‐methylhexyl)malonic acid, which is the biological precursor of (R)‐4‐methyloctanoic acid (via CoA esters).
Tuning Valleys and Wave Functions of van der Waals Heterostructures by Varying the Number of Layers: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad S. , Kunstmann Jens , Kuc Agnieszka B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn van der Waals heterostructures of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) electron and hole states are spatially localized in different layers forming long‐lived interlayer excitons. Here, the influence of additional electron or hole layers on the electronic properties of a MoS2/WSe2 heterobilayer (HBL), which is a direct bandgap material, is investigated from first principles. Additional layers modify the interlayer hybridization, mostly affecting the quasiparticle energy and real‐space extend of hole states at the Γ and electron states at the Q valleys. For a sufficient number of additional layers, the band edges move from K to Q or Γ, respectively. Adding electron layers to the HBL leads to more delocalized K and Q states, while Γ states do not extend much beyond the HBL, even when more hole layers are added. These results suggest a simple and yet powerful way to tune band edges and the real‐space extent of the electron and hole wave functions in TMDC heterostructures, potentially affecting strongly the lifetime and dynamics of interlayer excitons.
Mefepronic acid is associated with a decrease in serum liver enzyme activities in dogs with suspected hepatopathy
Authors: Quintavalla Fausto , Gelsi Elisa , Battaglia Luca , Aldigeri Raffaella , Ramoni Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough suspected hepatopathy in dogs can be assessed by the blood levels of both liver enzyme activities and functional liver parameters, very often the precise diagnosis of primary or secondary hepatobiliary diseases can remain uncertain. Therefore, in a number of patients, the therapeutic intervention has the purpose of slowing the progression of fibrosis and provide for optimal hepatic support. Recently the PPARs (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors) have been identified as a family of hepatic nuclear hormonal receptors, involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of mefepronic acid (PMPA), a PPAR agonist, on liver enzyme markers in blood samples of dogs with suspected hepatopathies. Twenty dogs, with suspected hepatopathies, were divided into two groups: ten of them received subcutaneously daily 10 mg/kg of PMPA for 7 days (treated, group T), while the remaining dogs were treated with a conventional supportive treatment for hepatopathies consisting of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 10 mg/kg PO SID for 45 days (control, group C). PMPA yielded a faster decrease in liver enzyme activities compared to UDCA, that in most cases was maintained after the suspension of the treatment. These data suggest that PMPA might be considered as supportive treatment for dogs with suspected hepatopathy.
Preparation of β‐cyclodextrin/SBS modified asphalts for the improvement of anti‐aging, rheological property, and storage stability
Authors: Han Hanzhi , Cheng Youliang , Fang Changqing , Zhang Qingling , Hu Jingbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStyrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) modified asphalt (SMA) has been widely used in road engineering for decade. However, the phase separation of SMA was obvious during the transport and SBS degraded after aging. To resolve these problems, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was used to modify SMA in this work. Conventional properties, storage stability, the effect of short‐term aging on the morphology, and rheological property for SMA and β‐CD/SMA were investigated. The softening point of modified asphalt reached to the maximum of 66.7°C when 1 wt% β‐CD was added to SMA, where the penetration had shown the minimum of 80.8 dmm. In addition, the ductility of β‐CD/SMA increased to the maximum of 797 mm when the content of β‐CD was increased to 5 wt%. Furthermore, incorporation of β‐CD improved the storage stability of SMA. Importantly, the aggregation of SBS was observed in β‐CD/SMA, but modifiers distributed uniformly after a short‐term aging. The rutting resistance and antiaging performances of SMA were also improved by the addition of β‐CD. Considering the comprehensive properties of modified asphalt, the optimum content of β‐CD was found to be 2 wt%.
Analytic study of dark photon and gravitational wave production from axion
Authors: Salehian Borna , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Mukohyama Shinji , Firouzjahi Hassan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAxion-like fields heavier than about 10−27eV are expected to oscillate in the radiation dominated epoch when the Hubble parameter drops below their mass. Considering the Chern-Simons coupling with a dark gauge boson, large amount of dark photons are produced during a short time interval through tachyonic resonance instability. The produced dark photons then source gravitational tensor modes leading to chiral gravitational waves. Through this process, one can indirectly probe a large parameter space of coupled axion-dark photon models. In this work we first find an analytic expression for the number density of the dark photons produced during the tachyonic resonance regime. Second, by using the saddle point approximation we find an analytic expression for the gravitational wave spectrum in terms of the mass, coupling and misalignment angle. Our analytic results can be used for the observational analysis of these types of scenarios.
Bottom-induced contributions to Higgs plus jet at next-to-next-to-leading order
Authors: Mondini Roberto , Williams Ciaran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD calculation of the bottom-induced contributions to the production of a Higgs boson plus a jet, i.e. the process pp → H + j to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({y}_b^2{\alpha}_s^3\right) $$
O

y
b
2

α
s
3

. We work in the five-flavor scheme (5FS) in which the bottom quark mass is retained only in the coupling to the Higgs boson. Our calculation uses N-jettiness slicing to regulate infrared divergences, allowing for fully-differential predictions for collider observables. After extensively validating the methodology, we present results for the 13 TeV LHC. Our NNLO predictions show a marked improvement in the overall renormalization and factorization scale dependence, the latter of which proves to be particularly troublesome for 5FS calculations at lower orders. In addition, using the same methodology we present a NNLO computation of $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

→ H. Our results are implemented into MCFM.
Implications of the XENON1T excess on the dark matter interpretation
Authors: Alhazmi Haider , Kim Doojin , Kong Kyoungchul , Mohlabeng Gopolang , Park Jong-Chul , Shin Seodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dark matter interpretation for a recent observation of excessive electron recoil events at the XENON1T detector seems challenging because its velocity is not large enough to give rise to recoiling electrons of $$ \mathcal{O}\left(\mathrm{keV}\right) $$
O

keV

. Fast-moving or boosted dark matter scenarios are receiving attention as a remedy for this issue, rendering the dark matter interpretation a possibility to explain the anomaly. We investigate various scenarios where such dark matter of spin 0 and 1/2 interacts with electrons via an exchange of vector, axial-vector, pseudo-scalar, or scalar mediators. We find parameter values not only to reproduce the excess but to be consistent with existing bounds. Our study suggests that the scales of mass and coupling parameters preferred by the excess can be mostly affected by the type of mediator, and that significantly boosted dark matter can explain the excess depending on the mediator type and its mass choice. The method proposed in this work is general, and hence readily applicable to the interpretation of observed data in the dark matter direct detection experiment.
Anisotropic Curvature Flow of Immersed Networks
Authors: Kröner Heiko , Novaga Matteo , Pozzi Paola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider motion by anisotropic curvature of a network of three curves immersed in the plane meeting at a triple junction and with the other ends fixed. We show existence, uniqueness and regularity of a maximal geometric solution and we prove that, if the maximal time is finite, then either the length of one of the curves goes to zero or the $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm of the anisotropic curvature blows up.
Orthogonality relations of Crouzeix–Raviart and Raviart–Thomas finite element spaces
Authors: Bartels Sören , Wang Zhangxian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentities that relate projections of Raviart–Thomas finite element vector fields to discrete gradients of Crouzeix–Raviart finite element functions are derived under general conditions. Various implications such as discrete convex duality results and a characterization of the image of the projection of the Crouzeix–Ravaiart space onto elementwise constant functions are deduced.
Student perceptions of interpersonal justice, engagement, agency and anger: a longitudinal study for reciprocal effects
Authors: Mameli Consuelo , Grazia Valentina , Passini Stefano , Molinari Luisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on the premise that classroom interactions unfold through a complex series of circular influences between teacher and students, the aim of this longitudinal study was to test a reciprocal effects model connecting students’ perceptions of interpersonal justice, on the one hand, and student engagement, agency and anger, on the other. Self-report measures of interpersonal justice, student engagement, agency and anger were collected from 454 Year Nine students from Northern Italy in a 3-wave longitudinal research design. Structural equation modelling with latent variables indicated that interpersonal justice in wave 1 had a negative effect on both student agency and anger in wave 2, while interpersonal justice in wave 2 only negatively predicted student anger in wave 3. With respect to the reciprocal effects, student engagement in wave 2 was found to positively predict interpersonal justice in wave 3, while a negative effect close to statistical significance was observed from student agency in wave 2 to interpersonal justice in wave 3. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for teacher practice, as they emphasize that (a) the two main facets of student participation, namely engagement and agency, are differently interconnected with the learning environment, and (b) the perception of being treated fairly is important to the point that its deficiency triggers a persistent feeling of anger in students.
“Grey swan” storm surges pose a greater coastal flood hazard than climate change
Authors: Horsburgh Kevin , Haigh Ivan D. , Williams Jane , De Dominicis Michela , Wolf Judith , Inayatillah Addina , Byrne David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show that over the next few decades, the natural variability of mid-latitude storm systems is likely to be a more important driver of coastal extreme sea levels than either mean sea level rise or climatically induced changes to storminess. Due to their episodic nature, the variability of local sea level response, and our short observational record, understanding the natural variability of storm surges is at least as important as understanding projected long-term mean sea level changes due to global warming. Using the December 2013 North Atlantic Storm Xaver as a baseline, we used a meteorological forecast modification tool to create “grey swan” events, whilst maintaining key physical properties of the storm system. Here we define “grey swan” to mean an event which is expected on the grounds of natural variability but is not within the observational record. For each of these synthesised storm events, we simulated storm tides and waves in the North Sea using hydrodynamic models that are routinely used in operational forecasting systems. The grey swan storms produced storm surges that were consistently higher than those experienced during the December 2013 event at all analysed tide gauge locations along the UK east coast. The additional storm surge elevations obtained in our simulations are comparable to high-end projected mean sea level rises for the year 2100 for the European coastline. Our results indicate strongly that mid-latitude storms, capable of generating more extreme storm surges and waves than ever observed, are likely due to natural variability. We confirmed previous observations that more extreme storm surges in semi-enclosed basins can be caused by slowing down the speed of movement of the storm, and we provide a novel explanation in terms of slower storm propagation allowing the dynamical response to approach equilibrium. We did not find any significant changes to maximum wave heights at the coast, with changes largely confined to deeper water. Many other regions of the world experience storm surges driven by mid-latitude weather systems. Our approach could therefore be adopted more widely to identify physically plausible, low probability, potentially catastrophic coastal flood events and to assist with major incident planning.
Surface effects on a mode-III reinforced nano-elliptical hole embedded in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals
Authors: Zhao Zhina , Guo Junhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo effectively reduce the field concentration around a hole or crack, an anti-plane shear problem of a nano-elliptical hole or a nano-crack pasting a reinforcement layer in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) is investigated subject to remotely mechanical and electrical loadings. The surface effect and dielectric characteristics inside the hole are considered for actuality. By utilizing the technique of conformal mapping and the complex variable method, the phonon stresses, phason stresses, and electric displacements in the matrix and reinforcement layer are exactly derived under both electrically permeable and impermeable boundary conditions. Three size-dependent field intensity factors near the nano-crack tip are further obtained when the nano-elliptical hole is reduced to the nano-crack. Numerical examples are illustrated to show the effects of material properties of the surface layer and reinforced layer, the aspect ratio of the hole, and the thickness of the reinforcing layer on the field concentration of the nano-elliptical hole and the field intensity factors near the nano-crack tip. The results indicate that the properties of the surface layer and reinforcement layer and the electrical boundary conditions have great effects on the field concentration of the nano-hole and nano-crack, which are useful for optimizing and designing the microdevices by PQC nanocomposites in engineering practice.