bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in End-of-Life Discussion for Patients with Advanced Cancer after the Life- Sustaining Treatment Decisions-Making Act in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Im Hyeon-Su , Lee Kyong Og , Min Young Joo , Jo Jae-Cheol , Choi Yunsuk , Lee Yoo Jin , Kang Daseul , Kim Changyoung , Koh Su-Jin , Cheon Jaekyung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in Korea. To protect the autonomy and dignity of terminally ill patients, the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act (LST-Act) came into full effect in Korea in February 2018. However, it is unclear whether the LST-Act influences end-of-life (EOL) discussion and decision-making processes for terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with a medical record review of cancer patients who died at Ulsan University Hospital between July 2015 and May 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: those who died in the period before the implementation of the LST-Act (from July 2015 to October 2017, Group 1) and after the implementation of the LST-Act (from February 2018 to May 2020, Group 2). We measured the self-determination rate and the timing of documentation of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) or Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) in both groups. Results: A total of 1,834 patients were included in the analysis (Group 1, n=943; Group 2, n=891). Documentation of DNR or POLST was completed by patients themselves in 1.5% and 63.5% of patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.001). The mean number of days between documentation of POLST or DNR and death was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (21.2 days vs. 14.4 days, p=0.001). The rate of late discussion, defined as documentation of DNR or POLST within seven days prior to death, decreased significantly in Group 2 (46.6% vs. 41.4%, p=0.027). In the multivariable analysis, hospice palliative care referral (OR [odds ratio] 0.25, p<0.001) and patients’ years of education (OR 0.68, p=0.027) were positively related to self-determination. However, physicians with clinical experience of less than three years had a higher rate of surrogate decision-making (OR 5.1, p=0.029) and late discussion (OR 2.53, p=0.019). Conclusions: After the implementation of the LST-Act, the rate of self-determination increased and EOL discussion occurred earlier than in the era before the implementation of the LST-Act.
Intracardiac Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography for diagnosis of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombosis in Atrial Fibrillation: a Meta-analysis
Authors: He Guijun , Liu Hanxion , Huang Xiaoyu , Deng Xiaoqi , Yang Guosu , Duan Luo , Cai Lin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation is usually detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) can be a suitable alternative to detect thrombosis. We performed a meta-analysis of all studies that compared ICE vs. TEE for LAA thrombosis.Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for published abstracts and manuscripts until June 1, 2020. Studies reporting clinical outcomes comparing TEE vs. ICE for LAA thrombus in human subjects aged ≥ 18 years were included. Two investigators independently extracted the data and an individual quality assessment was performed. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3, STATA 15, and Meta-Disc 1.4.Results: Eight eligible studies consisting of 1108 patients (TEE = 558 vs. ICE = 550) were included. The average sensitivity of ICE and TEE to diagnose left atrial appendage thrombus was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00) vs 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49-0.83),and specificity of ICE and TEE to diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.99-1.00) vs 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99) . The AUC of ICE and TEE were 0.9846 (SEAUC = 0.0196) and 0.9655 (SEAUC = 0.0401), and the Q * statistics were 0.9462 (SEQ * = 0.0406) and 0.9127 (SEQ * = 0.0616), respectively. Z test was performed on Q * statistics (Z = 0.45, P> 0.05), there was no significant difference between ICE and TEE.Conclusion: ICE and TEE have similar diagnostic efficacy for left atrial appendage thrombosis, but ICE has higher sensitivity and specificity, which has certain advantages over TEE and has clinical application prospects.
Sex Attractant of a Clearwing Moth Synanthedon Nashivora (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: Naka Hideshi , KUKIZAKI Takahiro , TOKUMARU Susumu , OHNO Satoshi , MATSUI Yuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A sex attractant of Synanthedon nashivora Naka and Yano, a pest of Asian pear discovered in Kyoto, Japan in 2014 and described as a novel species in 2019 was revealed. Pheromone lures baited mixtures with one or two of the seven compounds used as sex pheromones by Sesiidae species were prepared, and screening tests were conducted using these lures in pear orchards in Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, from 2017 to 2018. Males were attracted to various mixture ratios, especially 7:3 mixture ratio, of (3Z,13Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z3,Z13-18:OAc) and (2E,13Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc) mixtures. This finding will enable monitoring of this species in Asian pear orchards. By attempting to search for males in the field using this pheromone lure, it will be possible to understand the distribution of this species in Japan and neighboring countries, its microhabitat, and the seasonal occurrence of this species.
Color Correction and Repair of Haze Images Under Hue-saturation-intensity Color Space and Machine Learning
Authors: SUN HAIBIN , liu haiwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To improve the visual effect and quality of haze images after fog removal, a model for color correction and repair of haze images under hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color space combined with machine learning is proposed. First, the haze image imaging model is constructed according to the atmospheric scattering theory. Second, based on HSI color space, the color enhancement and fog removal of the haze image model is proposed, and a haze image-transmittancegallery is constructed. Third, the visual dictionary of the transmittance graph is obtained by training the k-means clustering algorithm based on density parameter optimization and support vector machine algorithm based on genetic algorithm optimization. Fourth, based on the visual dictionary and the atmospheric scattering model, the haze image is repaired and defogged, and the subjective visual effects and objective evaluation indexes of color enhancement and fog removal of haze images are compared. It is concluded that the algorithm can effectively guarantee the detail and clarity of the image after defogging.
Sunflower Assisted Bio-derived ZnO-NPs as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of Novel Quinazolines with Highly Antioxidant Activities
Authors: GL Balaji , Mahesh S. , Narasaiah Boya Palajonnala , Rostamnia Sadegh , Padhy Harihara , Kumar V. Vijay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present report an environmental benign route for the fabrication of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using sunflower leaf aqueous extract at room temperature. This was an green method is a rapid biogenic and offers few advantages over the chemical and physical procedures, as it is an easy and fast, eco-friendly and does not involve any costly chemicals as well as hazardous chemicals, harmful solvent. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using different technique such as UV-Visible spectroscopy. The formation of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SRP) at 344 nm using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The leaf extract act as a source of phyto-chemicals and are the primarily responsible for the reduction and then formation of stable Zinc Oxide nanoparticles by the characteristic functional groups of extract and synthesized ZnO-NPs were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. Crystalline nature of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by powder –XRD. Size and morphology were measured by HR-TEM analysis. Stability of the nanoparticles is represented by DLS and TGA analysis. The synthesized ZnO-NPs has been found good and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of novel 1,2-dihydroquinazoline derivatives under green method via one pot reaction of 2-amino benzophenone, 1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazole carbaldehydes and ammonium acetate. The synthesized compounds (4a-o) were characterized by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR and HRMS spectra and further screened for radical scavenging activity. Among all the compounds showed good percentage of inhibition against standard ascorbic acid. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity and also act as a good promising material for catalytic agent.
Lnc-RNA UCA1 Promotes TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibiting miR-204 in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhong Ding-Fu , Chen Dan , Nie Ying , Zhang Hong-Ying , Yang Yi , Hu Li-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Cancer is a genetic modification disease. Since genetic aberrations of gastric cancer are heterogeneous, we assume non-coding RNAs play major roles on gastric cancer phenotypes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) is related with poor prognosis in different cancer types, however, how it works in gastric cancer is unknown.
Methods
Two gastric cancer cell lines are chosen, MNK45 and SGC-7901. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is used to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using cancer cell invasion assay. The transmembrane cell quantities are counted and ZEB1, slug, vimentine and E-Cadherin gene expression levels are measured by quantitative PCR assay. siRNA of UCA1 and miR-204 are used to confirm cross-talk among TGF-β, UCA1 and miR-204.
Results
TGF-β significantly increases gastric cancer cell transmembrane ability and expression levels of four EMT related genes. These increases can be counteracted by using siRNA of UCA1, suggesting that UCA1 is up-stream factor of TGF-β signaling pathways and positively regulates it. miRNA-204 alone can inhibit ZEB1 gene expression, however, this inhibition can be demolished by UCA1, suggesting that UCA1 sponges miR-204 to prevent its function from inhibiting ZEB1.
Conclusions
miR-204 could be used as an indicator of prognosis of gastric cancer. The higher miR-204 expression levels, the less possibility to develop EMT. Meanwhile, UCA1 inhibitors can be considered as potential genetic medical drugs.
Realization of Low Confinement Loss Acetylene Gas Sensor by Using Hollow-core Photonic Bandgap Fiber&nbsp;
Authors: Arman Hassan , Olyaee Saeed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) with high relative sensitivity and low confinement loss was designed. Some destructive circumstance such as propagation losses and mode interference can disrupt performance of the PBF. By considering optimum size of the hollow-core radius, we were able to improve confinement loss and the relative sensitivity. By optimization of the shape and size of the closest row of air holes to the hollow core, the quality of the mode distribution in the hollow-core was well improved. Simulation results confirm that, at an optimal and reasonable core radius, the relative sensitivity and confinement loss of the proposed gas sensor were improved to 96.5% and 0.11 dB/m, respectively. In addition, in order to better matching of optical power between single mode fiber (SMF) and HC-PBF, we could reduce the destructive effects of optical mode mismatch, by mode interference suppression. Furthermore, by optimization of fiber structural specifications such as air filling fraction and lattice constant, the PBF was changed to a single-mode waveguide. Considering the operation wavelength 1530 nm which is very close to the acetylene gas absorption wavelength, this fiber is appropriate to be a high sensitivity gas sensor to detect absorbing gases in the middle infrared range.
Differential Genomic Instability-Associated LncRNAs Predict Differences of Clinical Outcome and Immunity in Left- And Right- Sided Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Junnan , Xia Tianyi , Deng Shenhui , Cui Binbin , Liu Yanlong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The left-sided and right-sided colon adenocarcinoma (LCCs and RCCs, respectively) have unique characteristics in various aspects, particularly molecular features and clinical heterogeneity. The purpose of our study was to develop a prognostic risk model based on differential genomic instability-associated (DGIA) Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of LCCs and RCCs, therefore the prognostic key lncRNAs could be identified.Methods: We adopted two independent gene data-sets, corresponding somatic mutation and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Identification of differential DGIA lncRNAs from LCCs and RCCs were conducted with appliance of "Limma" analysis. Then, we screened out key lncRNAs based on univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Meanwhile, DGIA lncRNAs related prognostic model (DRPM) was established. We employed the DRPM in the model group and internal verification group from TCGA for the purpose of risk grouping and accuracy verification of PRSM. We also verified the accuracy of key lncRNAs with GEO data. Finally, the differences of immune infiltration and functional pathways were analyzed within different risk groups. Results: A total of 123 DGIA lncRNAs were screened out by differential expression analysis. We obtained 6 DGIA lncRNAs by the construction of DRPM, including AC004009.1, AP003555.2, BOLA3-AS1, NKILA, LINC00543 and UCA1. After the risk grouping by these DGIA lncRNAs, we found the prognosis of high-risk group (HRG) was significantly worse than that in low-risk group (LRG) (all p＜0.05). In all TCGA samples and model group, the expression of CD8+ T cells in HRG was lower than that in LRG (all p＜0.05). The functional analysis indicated that there was significant up-regulation with regard of pathways related to both genetic instability and immunity in LRG, including cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, response to dsRNA, RIG-Ⅰ like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion: Through the analysis of the DGIA lncRNAs between LCCs and RCCs, we established a DRPM which could predicate prognosis of LCCs and RCCs, and 6 key DGIA lncRNAs were identified as well. They can not only predict the prognostic risk of patients, but also serve as biomarkers for evaluating the differences of genetic instability and immune infiltration.
Multiparameter Optimization of Magnetite Solid-phase Microextraction for Preconcentration of Diclofenac and Determination by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Shahhosseini Hassan Ali , Heydari Somayeh , Es'haghi Zarrin , Zare Leili 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research, aimed to synthesis and functionalize of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using dialdehyde starch and modifying with arginine amino acid. The resulting MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Synthesized MNPs were developed for preconcentration and determination of diclofenac in biological samples by UV- Vis Spectrophotometry. A Plackett–Burman experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of effective parameters. Significant parameters were further optimized by Central Composite Design (CCD). Sample volume, pH and salting effect had a main effect on extraction of diclofenac by the proposed method. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (3Sb, n = 7) was found to be 0.039 µg ml− 1.The calibration curve showed dynamic linear 0.05-10 µg ml− 1 with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.987. The enrichment factor was found to be 148. The proposed method showed good results for preconcentration and determination of diclofenac in serum and pharmaceutical samples.
Expression of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Genes In Arabidopsis Thaliana Depends on The Redox State of Chloroplast Electron Transport Chain
Authors: Garnik Elena Yu. , Belkov Vadim I. , Tarasenko Vladislav I. , Konstantinov Yury M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plant glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme interconverting L-glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate and providing a link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this enzyme is encoded by three genes. Two of them, GDH1 and GDH2, provide most of the enzyme activity in plant leaves and roots. Expression of GDH1 and GDH2 genes is very low in the light and high in the dark. The molecular signals and mechanisms that provide the light-dependent GDH genes regulation remain unknown. Using photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors 3-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-1.1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and 2.5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl benzoquinone (DBMIB) we demonstrate that transcript levels of the GDH1 and GDH2 genes in Arabidopsis leaves change in accordance with a redox state of chloroplast electron transport chain: they are low when it is highly reduced and high when it is oxidized. Hydrogen peroxide or high light treatment did not result in decreasing of GDH1 or GDH2 expression, so reactive oxygen species cannot be the signals that reduce expression of these genes during dark-to-light shifts. There was no significant difference between the glucose content in the leaves of plants treated with DCMU and the plants treated with DBMIB, so glucose is not the only or the main factor that regulates expression of the studied genes. We presume that expression of Arabidopsis GDH1 and GDH2 genes depends on the chloroplast electron transport chain redox state. This regulatory mechanism could arise because of a need to avoid a competition for substrate between tetrapyrrole synthesis, glutathione synthesis and using of L-glutamate as an energy source during prolonged darkness.
Influence of Breastfeeding on The Early Aged Children’s Health and Ql Indicators
Authors: Mardiyan Marina Ararat , Mkrtchyan Siranush Ashot , Dunamalyan Razmik Ashot , Simonyan Karine Hrant , Harutyunyan Hayk Vachagan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Promotion and coverage of breastfeeding are considered to be the cost-effective public health measures in terms of Healthcare System. The aim of the research is to assess an influence of breastfeeding on infants’ health and quality of life (QL) parameters.Methods: This observational prospective study included 1790 newborns selected from Yerevan State Medical University’s Polyclinics (“Mouratsan” (sample=746) and “Heratsi” ” (sample=1044)). Data collection took a period between January 2016 and December 2017. Evaluation of children’s quality of life was performed with the help of the validated and adapted QUALIN questionnaire. The data related to child’s health condition were collected from the “Child Development History” cards available at the polyclinics of the investigated area.Results: Among 1770 one year old children 1681 were ever breastfed, 1224 (69.1%) were exclusively breastfed up to 3 months, the median duration of breastfeeding was 6 -7 months, 45% ≥ 6 months, 15% ≥ 1 year. There is a significant difference between the QL scores of the ever breastfed and the never breastfed subgroups. Duration of the breastfeeding also have an influence on QL scores.Conclusions: The given study’s results confirm that breastfeeding among the early aged Armenian children is of great importance in their health, influencing on quality of life and morbidity rates.
Practical strategies to mitigate ruminant greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Ortega Alejandra , Tester Mark , Lauersen Kyle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Livestock contributes to 14.5 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, with ruminants being the largest contributor through enteric methane emissions. Although several mitigation strategies are available to reduce livestock methane, no consensus exists on which methods are the most effective. Here, the mitigation impact of the most pragmatic strategies to reduce enteric methane has been projected to 2050, using cattle emissions as a model. The projection shows that supplementing ruminant feed with anti-methanogenic seaweed and converting grassland into silvopasture offer the greatest potential to reduce emissions. With a synergic combination of strategies, the livestock sector in Europe and most of Asia can reach carbon neutrality by 2035 and 2038, respectively. However, global cattle CO2-eq emissions will be reduced by no more than 34 percent by 2050, remaining far above the carbon neutrality target. Mitigation strategies alone are insufficient to lower emissions, and reducing the demand for ruminant products is also necessary – particularly in Africa and Western Asia.
Weak Population Structure of Perna Viridis in Indo-Pacific Region based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Marker
Authors: Ye Yingying , Yan Chengrui , Maltagliati Ferruccio , Fu Zeqin , Guo Baoying , Xu Kaida , yan xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Perna viridis is a mussel commonly distributed along the Asian Indo-Pacific coasts. It is one of the main cultured species of that region. Previous studies focused mostly on the native populations within single countries; with the present study we analyzed the genetic diversity of P. viridis in a large study area, spanning from Oman to southern China. Three molecular markers were used, namely portions of the nuclear ITS region, and the mitochondrial COI gene and D-Loop region. The nuclear marker showed moderate levels of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity h = 0.543 to 0.897) and nucleotide diversity π = 0.0022 to 0.0064); whereas mitochondrial markers exhibited higher levels of genetic variability (h = 0.858 to 0.964 and π = 0.0012 to 0.0079). The estimates of inter-sample genetic divergence (FST) and the analysis of molecular variance highlighted that the Thai population is genetically divergent from the others. Our results showed the genetic variation of P. viridis at the rim of South China Sea and obtained the genetic basic information of P. viridis.
Single parameter model for cosmic scale photon redshift in a closed Universe
Authors: Steynberg Andre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A successful single parameter model has been formulated to match the observations of photons from type 1a supernovae which were previously used to corroborate the standard 𝛬 cold dark matter model. The new single parameter model extrapolates all the way back to the cosmic background radiation (CMB) without requiring a separate model to describe inflation of the space dimensions after the Big Bang. The model for the redshift progression of a photon is: 1 + z =\(\frac{\text{sin}\left(\frac{13.8}{T}\right)\pi /2}{\text{sin}\left(\frac{t}{T}\right)\pi /2}\) T is the fitted parameter and t is the time when the photon was emitted, both measured in billions of years from time zero in the Big Bang. The angle is expressed in radians. The number 13.8 should be updated if an improved estimate for the time elapsed since the Big Bang is found. The single parameter model assumes that spacetime forms a finite symmetrical manifold with positive curvature.