bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion Analysis of Kidney Injury in Rats With Cirrhosis Induced by Common Bile Duct Ligation Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI
Authors: Yu Yongquan , Xie Shuangshuang , Wang Kaiqi , Zhang Fuzhi , Jiang Chao , Qiu Caixin , Zhu Jinxia , Shen Wen 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundArterial spin labeling (ASL) has been proven to be effective in ischemia‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI); however, validation of ASL magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in AKI in the presence of cirrhosis.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of ASL in revealing renal blood flow (RBF) changes in kidney injury in the presence of cirrhosis and to assess its value in the early diagnosis of disease.Study TypeLongitudinal.Animal ModelRats were randomized into baseline group (N = 3), sham surgery group (N = 18), and common bile duct ligation (BDL) group (N = 48). All groups were divided into six subgroups based on different sacrificed time points.Field Strength/Sequence3 T scanner, prototypic pulsed ASL sequence using flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery preparation, half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo sequence.AssessmentRBF measurement was performed by ASL. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) score, Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α) score, peritubular capillar (PTC) density, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum total bilirubin, total bile acids, serum creatinine (Scr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were harvested.Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsRBF, HE score, HIF‐1α score, and PTC density after BDL were significantly different from baseline. RBF was highly correlated with HE score, HIF‐1α score, and PTC density (r = −0.7598, r = −0.7434, r = 0.6406, respectively). RBF and Scr began to differ significantly from baseline at day 3 and 7 after intervention, respectively. The areas under the curves of RBF, Scr, and BUN for distinguishing non‐AKI from AKI in cirrhosis were 1.00, 0.888, and 0.911, while those for distinguishing mild from severe kidney injury were 0.961, 0.830, and 0.857, respectively.Data ConclusionASL allows the longitudinal assessment of the degree of AKI induced by cholestatic cirrhosis in rats and can serve as a noninvasive marker for the early and accurate diagnosis of AKI.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Estimating land use/land cover change impacts on vegetation response to drought under ‘Grain for Green’ in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Ding Yibo , Wang Fengzuo , Mu Qing , Sun Yanan , Cai Huanjie , Zhou Zhaoqiang , Xu Jiatun , Shi Haiyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of serious environmental problems have appeared in North China, especially in the Loess Plateau. The 'Grain for Green Program' project has been implemented to address issues caused by vegetation degradation. Human beings play a key moderating role between drought and vegetation; however, it is not clearly understood how typical land cover changes from human activities impact the ability of vegetation to resist drought. To represent meteorological drought and vegetation dynamics, this study applied the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index and solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence. We investigated the vegetation response relationship to drought and how changing land cover affected it. The land cover changes associated with strategic human activity were also analyzed using the response relationship and environmental characteristics. Our results showed that land cover changes contributed to abnormal changes in vegetation dynamics and type. From 2001 to 2016, meteorological drought showed an insignificant difference in Loess Plateau. To a certain extent, land cover changes could extend vegetation response time with the implementation of the 'Grain for Green Progam'. Response time to the drought of different vegetation types in both changed and unchanged land cover showed an increasing trend from early‐period to later‐period. Similar response time to drought was among cropland, forest, grassland, construction land, and desert of unchanged land cover vegetation in different Grain for Green periods. Forest cover effectively improved vegetation response time and reduced vulnerability. This study improves the understanding of vegetation change and offers guidance for environmental protection projects and evaluating ecological restoration.
Timing of postoperative oral feeding after head and neck mucosal free flap reconstruction
Authors: Stramiello Joshua , Nuyen Brian , Saraswathula Anirudh , Blumenfeld Liza , Divi Vasu , Rosenthal Eben , Orosco Ryan , Starmer Heather M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveFistula remains a common complication of upper aerodigestive tract reconstruction. Optimal timing of oral feeding is unknown and the impact of early feeding on swallow function and fistula rates remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to better understand the effects of “early feeding” on fistula rate and swallow in patients with free flap reconstruction of upper aerodigestive tract defects.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. One hundred and four patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of mucosalized head and neck defects. Two groups, early feeding (oral intake on or before postoperative day 5) and late‐feeding (oral intake after postoperative day 5). Primary outcome was incidence of salivary fistula. Secondary outcomes included Functional Oral Intake Scale scores.ResultsFistula rate was 16.5% in late‐feeding group and 0% in early‐feeding group (P = .035). Patients who were fed early had an association with progression to a full oral diet by 30 days (P = .027).DiscussionThis cohort analysis suggests that in properly selected patients with free flap reconstruction for mucosal defects, early feeding may not increase risk of salivary fistula and may improve swallow functional outcomes earlier.Level of Evidence: 3
Comprehensive medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Kılıç Suat , Bouzaher Malek H. , Cohen Michael S. , Lieu Judith E. C. , Kenna Margaret , Anne Samantha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildren with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) should undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation to determine the underlying etiology and help guide treatment and counseling. In this article, we review the indications and rationale for medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral SNHL, including history and physical examination, imaging, genetic testing, specialist referrals, cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing, and other laboratory tests. Workup begins with a history and physical examination, which can provide clues to the etiology of SNHL, particularly with syndromic causes. If SNHL is diagnosed within the first 3 weeks of life, CMV testing should be performed to identify patients that may benefit from antiviral treatment. If SNHL is diagnosed after 3 weeks, testing can be done using dried blood spots samples, if testing capability is available. Genetic testing is oftentimes successful in identifying causes of hearing loss as a result of recent technological advances in testing and an ever‐increasing number of identified genes and genetic mutations. Therefore, where available, genetic testing should be performed, ideally with next generation sequencing techniques. Ophthalmological evaluation must be done on all children with SNHL. Imaging (high‐resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) should be performed to assess for anatomic causes of hearing loss and to determine candidacy for cochlear implantation when indicated. Laboratory testing is indicated for certain etiologies, but should not be ordered indiscriminately since the yield overall is low.
The redox fate of hydrogen peroxide in the marine water column
Authors: Sutherland Kevin M. , Grabb Kalina C. , Karolewski Jennifer S. , Taenzer Lina , Hansel Colleen M. , Wankel Scott D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMarine microbes produce extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a result of regulated and nonregulated physiological and metabolic reactions. ROS production can be a sink and cryptic recycling flux of dissolved oxygen that may rival other key fluxes in the global oxygen cycle; however, the low abundance and high turnover rate of ROS makes this figure difficult to constrain. One key step in determining the disparity between the gross production of ROS and the net sink of dissolved oxygen lies in understanding the degradation pathways of H2O2 in the marine water column. In this study, we use isotope‐labeling techniques to determine the redox fate of H2O2 in a range of marine environments off the West Coast of California. We find that H2O2 reduction is greater than or equal to H2O2 oxidation at most sampled depths, with notable exceptions in some surface and intermediate water depths. The observation that H2O2 oxidation can exceed reduction in the dark ocean indicates the presence of an oxidizing decay pathway that is not among the known suite of microbially mediated enzymatic pathways (i.e., catalase and peroxidase), pointing to an abiotic and/or a nonenzymatic decay pathway at intermediate water depths. These results highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of ROS decay pathways in natural waters and their unconstrained regulation of oxygen levels within the ocean.
Predicting Outcome in a Cohort of Isolated and Combined Dystonia within Probabilistic Brain Mapping
Authors: Soares Carolina , Reich Martin M. , Costa Francisca , Lange Florian , Roothans Jonas , Reis Carina , Vaz Rui , Rosas Maria José , Volkmann Jens 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProbabilistic brain mapping is a promising tool to estimate the expected benefit of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi‐DBS) in patients with isolated dystonia (IsoD).ObjectivesTo investigate the role of probabilistic mapping in combined dystonia (ComD).MethodsWe rendered the pallidal atlas and the volume of tissue activated (VTA) for a cohort of patients with IsoD (n = 20) and ComD (n = 10) that underwent GPi‐DBS. The VTA was correlated with clinical improvement. Afterwards, each VTA was applied on the previously published probabilistic model (Reich et al., 2019). The correlation between predicted and observed clinical benefit was studied in a linear regression model.ResultsA good correlation between observed and predicted outcome was found for both patients with IsoD (n = 14) and ComD (n = 7) (r2 = 0.32; P < 0.05). In ComD, 42% of the variance in DBS response is explained by VTA‐based outcome map.ConclusionA probabilistic model would be helpful in clinical practice to circumvent unpredictable and less impressive motor results often found in ComD.
Turkish validation and reliability of the symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index‐29 (LURN SI‐29) questionnaire in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Culpan Meftun , Acar Hazal C. , Cella David , Tahra Ahmet , Cakici Mehmet C. , Efiloğlu Özgür , Atis Gokhan , Yildirim Asif 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index‐29 (LURN SI‐29).MethodsPatients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were included in a single‐center study between January and April 2021. Patients' demographics, such as age, sex, and level of education, were recorded. The Turkish version of the LURN SI‐29 and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were administered to all patients, and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) was additionally administered to female patients. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity was evaluated with correlations to similar measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and split‐half reliability analyses were used to establish the scale's reliability.ResultsA total of 295 participants, 35.3% females and 64.7% males, were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 56.4 ± 11.7 years. The median total LURN SI‐29 scores were 38.0 (26–50) and 26.0 (18–43) for female and male patients, respectively. The LURN SI‐29 scale showed a high correlation with IPSS and UDI‐6 scales (r = .758, p < .001; r = .774, p < .001, respectively) in concurrent validity analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale and all subscales were greater than 0.70 for both female and male patients.ConclusionsThis measurement tool can potentially be used to evaluate LUTS in Turkish women and men. Further studies should be performed to reveal the clinical usefulness of this scale.
Emulation of a randomized controlled trial in ulcerative colitis with US and French claims data: Infliximab with thiopurines compared to infliximab monotherapy
Authors: Kirchgesner Julien , Desai Rishi J. , Schneeweiss Maria C. , Beaugerie Laurent , Kim Seoyoung C. , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo understand the validity of real‐world evidence (RWE) studies in ulcerative colitis (UC), we emulated the SUCCESS randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effectiveness of infliximab plus thiopurines, using US and French healthcare insurance claims data.MethodsThe SUCCESS trial showed improved remission with infliximab plus thiopurines combined compared to infliximab monotherapy in patients with UC. Based on two US commercial claims databases (IBM MarketScan and Optum) and the French nationwide health insurance database (SNDS) from 2004 through 2019, all patients with UC who initiated combination therapy or infliximab alone were identified. The primary outcome of treatment failure was emulated by: Hospitalization related to UC or colectomy, treatment switch to another biologic or immunosuppressant, or use of corticosteroids 16 weeks after infliximab initiation. We estimated risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching.ResultsAmong 620 PS‐matched pairs of combination therapy and infliximab monotherapy users, treatment failure occurred in 124 (20%) of patients initiating combination therapy and 170 (27%) during monotherapy. Like in SUCCESS, the risk of treatment failure was decreased with combination therapy in the overall cohort (RR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60–0.90). Findings were consistent across MarketScan, Optum, and SNDS: RR = 0.76 (0.57–1.02), 0.82 (0.54–1.24), and 0.61 (0.41–0.90). Similar results were observed for each component endpoint.ConclusionsRWE results across three large claims databases were consistent with RCT findings. These findings provide support for the use of RWE to assess treatment effectiveness in UC.
A strategy for assessment and validation of major bleeding cases in a primary health care database in Spain
Authors: de Burgos‐Gonzalez Airam , Bryant Verónica , Maciá‐Martinez Miguel Angel , Huerta Consuelo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to validate major bleeding (MB) cases within a cohort of new users of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care in Spain (BIFAP), introducing more efficient techniques and automating the process of validation in the pharmacoepidemiologic research with EHR data as much as possible.MethodsRegistered bleedings were identified in a cohort of new users of DOACs in BIFAP using ICPC 2 and ICD 9 codes; we ascertained these bleedings as MB through a validation strategy based on the MB definition from the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, which used hospitalization and critical localization as proxies. We assessed hospitalization with hospital discharge information (only available for some years and regions) and a free text‐based algorithm created to identify hospitalization in EHR's clinical notes. Incidence rates (IR) of MB were evaluated by bleeding type.ResultsThe study cohort included 104 614 patients, with 274521.5 p‐y of follow up. There were 6143 registered bleedings during the study period (519 intracranial bleeding – ICB, 4606 gastrointestinal bleeding – GIB, 1018 extracranial bleeding – ECB), from which 1679 were confirmed as MB (416 ICB, 1086 GIB, and 177 ECB). The free text‐based semi‐automatic algorithm had moderate recall (0.59), but high specificity (0.99), and precision (0.94).ConclusionThe combination of hospitalization and critical localization is a valid approach to validate MB in EHRs with incomplete information. The use of more automatic methods for case validation instead of manual review of clinical notes is favored.
Recent advances of organometallic complexes in emerging photovoltaics
Authors: Gao Huaizhi , Yu Runnan , Ma Zongwen , Gong Yongshuai , Zhao Biao , Lv Qianglong , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganometallic complexes (OMCs) consisting of organic and metal active moieties have shown immense potential for application in solar cells. The diverse structure, rich porosity, and unique charge centers of OMCs enable them to be functional in solar cells. In this review, we introduced four types of OMCs, such as crown organometallic complexes, β‐diketone metal complexes, cyclometallic complexes, and main chain metal‐containing polymers, providing an in‐depth analysis of the structure‐performance relationship. OMCs could serve as active or interlayer materials in a variety of solar cell systems such as organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye‐sensitized solar cells, especially some metals to improve the photoelectric performance of the device as dopants. In the end, perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of OMCs are given.
The role of breast reconstruction choice on body image patient‐reported outcomes at four years post‐mastectomy for breast cancer: A longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Dempsey Kathy , Mathieu Erin , Brennan Meagan , Snook Kylie , Hoffman Julia , Campbell Ian , Scarlet Jenni , Flay Heather , Wong April Z. H. , Boyle Frances , King Madeleine , Spillane Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the impact of breast reconstruction on women's perceptions of body image over time and to assess the influence of sociodemographic variables on body image.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal cohort study, using validated breast cancer‐specific questionnaires, to compare patient‐reported outcomes in women choosing immediate (n = 61), delayed (n = 16) or no (n = 23) breast reconstruction.ResultsOne hundred women completed baseline questionnaires that included items on body image; 30 women completed all four annual follow‐up sets, while 20 women completed baseline only. The three groups were well matched at baseline and similar trajectories in body image measures were identified over 48 months in all groups. At 12 months post‐mastectomy, significant changes were seen in eight of the 10 subscales; this reduced to seven subscales at 24 months and four at 36 months. By 48 months, only three subscales remained significantly different to baseline scores: women remained less vulnerable and had fewer limitations (improved outcomes); the one worse outcome was persistently higher levels of arm concern. Three of the sociodemographic variables (health insurance, age and employment status) showed significant inter‐group differences at some time points.ConclusionThese findings suggest women recover from the negative impact of mastectomy on body image within four years of surgery, whether they have immediate, delayed or no reconstruction. Our results provide some indirect evidence that having a choice of BR options is important, regardless of the choice made. Four years appears to be a suitable follow‐up period for future studies in this area.
A 10‐yr thermal regime of permafrost beneath and adjacent to an alpine thermokarst lake, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Sun Zhizhong , Zhang Shujuan , Li Guoyu , Wu Guilong , Liu Yongzhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermokarst lakes are distributed widely in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. Better knowledge of ground thermal variability beneath and around thermokarst lakes is important for understanding future landscape development and hydrological changes. At a typical undisturbed small, shallow, alpine thermokarst lake in the Beiluhe Basin on the QTP, ground temperatures beneath and adjacent to the lake were monitored at four locations with maximum 30 m depth from the lake center to natural ground. The lake is elliptical with an area of ~700 m2and maximum water depth of 0.6 m. Permafrost was present beneath and adjacent to the lake during the monitoring period. However, supra‐taliks were present above the permafrost table beneath the lake before monitoring of ground temperature began, but were absent around the lake. The supra‐permafrost taliks beneath the lake have thickened over time. The difference in mean permafrost table depth between the lake center and natural ground reached 5.14 m, and permafrost table depths increased beneath the lake, but changed indistinctively around the lake. Mean annual ground temperatures at different depths (5, 10, 20 and 30 m) were higher beneath the lake than around the lake, and mean increasing rates of ground temperature were also greater beneath the lake than around the lake. Ground temperature differences between the lake bottom and natural ground surface are important for understanding ground thermal patterns beneath and around thermokarst lakes.
Development of the A‐STEP: A new incremental maximal exercise capacity step test in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wilson Lisa M. , Ellis Matthew J. , Lane Rebecca L. , Wilson John W. , Keating Dominic T. , Jaberzadeh Shapour , Button Brenda M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundExercise testing is important in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The aim was to develop an incremental maximal step test to assess exercise capacity across the range of pwCF, without floor or ceiling effects, within restrictions of space, and infection prevention.MethodsThe step test was developed in adults with stable CF. Subjects assisted in selecting: step height, start rate, increments, stage and test duration parameters. Equipment to externally pace and time the test and measure exercise parameters were selected. Reasons for stopping, criteria for achieving a maximal test, and key outcome measures were determined. Documentation to record and standardize the test and instructions to set up the metronome and timer App were developed. Infection control practices were considered.ResultsEight subjects were recruited to develop the Alfred Step Test Exercise Protocol (A‐STEP) on a 20 cm portable step. The A‐STEP package included a pretest information sheet, clinical assessment and instructions, recording worksheet, and the metronome/timer instructions. The test started at 18 steps/min. Each level increased by two steps/min to a maximum of 48 steps (Level 16). Results were presented as mean (SD) [range] for: age 30.63 (5.89) [21–39] years; FEV1 58.13 (18.33) [32–89]%; levels: 10.31 (3.29) [6–15.5]. The A‐STEP required space of 2 m2 and complied with current infection control guidelines.ConclusionsThe A‐STEP is a new incremental maximal step test to assess exercise capacity in pwCF, without floor or ceiling effects. It addresses the issues of space restrictions and the need for strict infection prevention in the clinical setting.