bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Perioperative Complications with Vitamin D Levels in Major Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Groysman Matthew , Bearelly Shethal , Baker Audrey , Wang Steven J. , Symms John 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the association of vitamin D level and perioperative complications in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery.Study DesignRetrospective Cohort Study.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing reconstructive head and neck surgery between December 2017 and December 2019. Data regarding patient demographics, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) level, hospital course, prior radiation, and fistula formation were collected. Patients were categorized by serum calcidiol level as deficient (<20 ng/mL) or sufficient (≧20 ng/mL) and outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsFifty‐seven patients were included in the analysis. Average age at time of surgery was 62.6 ± 10.6 years. Patients with vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL were considered deficient and ≧20 ng/mL were considered sufficient. Individuals in the deficient group (n = 29) had a mean serum calcidiol level of 13.95 ± 3.95 ng/mL, whereas those in the sufficient group (n = 28) had a mean calcidiol level of 28.53 ± 5.73 ng/mL. The rate of fistula was 41.4% in the deficient group, whereas patients in the sufficient group had a rate of fistula of 14.3% (P = .038). On multivariate analysis, higher serum calcidiol level above 20 ng/mL was associated with a lower likelihood of developing fistulae with an odds ratio 0.830 (95% confidence interval: 0.718–0.960, P = .012).ConclusionVitamin D deficiency may play a role in development of fistula after major head and neck surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:578–583, 2022
Spawning site distribution of a bluefin tuna reduces jellyfish predation on early life stages
Authors: Ottmann Daniel , Fiksen Øyvind , Martín Melissa , Alemany Francisco , Prieto Laura , Álvarez‐Berastegui Diego , Reglero Patricia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBluefin tunas across the world migrate long distances to spawn in particularly warm and oligotrophic areas constrained by oceanographic fronts. The low abundance of predators in these areas increases survival chances of their early life stages, but its importance for choice of spawning habitat is unknown. Here, we use estimated clearance rates and data on spatial distributions of Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae Thunnus thynnus and metaephyrae of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca to quantify predation at a major spawning ground in the Mediterranean Sea. We found that high densities of P. noctiluca can rapidly deplete tuna eggs and preflexion larvae, but their patchy distribution and low spatial and temporal overlap results in overall low predation. The specific distribution of the spawning sites suggests that bluefin tunas may use local oceanography as cues to spawn outside areas with high predator densities.
Water‐Soluble Photoinitiators from Dimethylamino‐Substituted Monoacylphosphine Oxide for Hydrogel and Latex Preparation
Authors: Le Cuong Minh Quoc , Petitory Tatiana , Wu Xingyu , Spangenberg Arnaud , Ortyl Joanna , Galek Mariusz , Infante Lorena , Thérien‐Aubin Héloïse , Chemtob Abraham 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to respond to the growing demand for radiation‐curable waterborne products like hydrogels or inks, there is a need for water‐soluble radical photoinitiators exhibiting absorption in the near UV to visible range. Herein the synthesis of a novel type‐I diphenylphosphine oxide photoinitiator bearing a 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoyl group is described. The presence of a tertiary amino group in the para position of the benzoyl group results in an increased absorption in the visible range and its facile conversion into water‐soluble derivatives after a subsequent protonation or quaternization reaction. Quaternization with methyl triflate (MeOTf) yields a water‐soluble monoacylphosphine oxide compound displaying a quaternary ammonium group N(CH3)3+ OTf−. The main characteristics are water‐solubility, shelf‐stability, absorption in near‐UV range, low cytotoxicity, and efficient α‐scission as evidenced by steady‐state photolysis experiments. Its photopolymerization efficiency has been evaluated by real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at 385 and 420 nm using an aqueous solution of poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate. The polymerization rate is comparable to that obtained with the conventional water‐soluble monoacylphosphine oxide TPO‐Li. Using this new photoinitiator, 3D‐printed hydrogels, and aqueous polymer dispersions can be prepared.
Straightforward Synthesis of Amido Polyols from Epoxidized Soybean Oil for Polyurethane Films
Authors: Frias Célia F. , Fonseca Ana C. , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Serra Arménio C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work reports a straightforward and selective method for the preparation of a polyol that can be used in the manufacture of polyurethane (PU) films. The polyol, from the N‐hydroxyalkylamides family, is obtained from the selective amidation and oxirane ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with the amino alcohol N‐methylethanolamine (N‐MEA). The reaction is carried out under mild conditions and in the absence of solvents and catalysts. Other similar amino alcohols (namely monoethanolamine (ETA), 5‐amino‐1‐pentanol (PEA), and 2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)ethanol (AEE)) are also used to carried out the amidation of ESO. However, for these amines, the amidation and/or oxirane ring opening of ESO is not complete. Therefore, the N‐hydroxyalkylamide obtained from the amidation of ESO with N‐MEA is chosen as the polyol for the preparation of PU films. The PU films are obtained from the reaction with a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate (Tolonate) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Curing proceeds at room temperature, without catalyst. It is shown that the properties of the resulting PU films are dependent on the amount of Tolonate in the formulation.
Non‐harmonic Gohberg's lemma, Gershgorin theory and heat equation on manifolds with boundary
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Velasquez‐Rodriguez J. P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use Operator Ideals Theory and Gershgorin theory to obtain explicit information in terms of the symbol concerning the spectrum of pseudo‐differential operators, on a smooth manifold Ω with boundary , in the context of the non‐harmonic analysis of boundary value problems introduced in [29] in terms of a model operator . For symbols in the Hörmander class , we provide a non‐harmonic version of Gohberg's lemma, and a sufficient and necessary condition to ensure that the corresponding pseudo‐differential operator is a compact operator in , or a Riesz operator in in the case of Riemannian manifolds with smooth boundary. We extend to the context of the non‐harmonic analysis of boundary value problems the well known theorems about the exact domain of elliptic operators, and discuss some applications of the obtained results to evolution equations.
Validation of the estimation of the macrovascular contribution in multi‐timepoint arterial spin labeling MRI using a 2‐component kinetic model
Authors: van der Plas Merlijn C. E. , Craig Martin , Schmid Sophie , Chappell Michael A. , van Osch Matthias J. P. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeIn this paper, the ability to quantify cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling (ASL) was studied by investigating the separation of the macrovascular and tissue component using a 2‐component model. Underlying assumptions of this model, especially the inclusion of dispersion in the analysis, were studied, as well as the temporal resolution of the ASL datasets.MethodsFour different datasets were acquired: (1) 4D ASL angiography to characterize the macrovascular component and to study dispersion modeling within this component, (2) high temporal resolution ASL data to investigate the separation of the 2 components and the effect of dispersion modelling on this separation, (3) low temporal resolution ASL dataset to study the effect of the temporal resolution on the separation of the 2 components, and (4) low temporal resolution ASL data with vascular crushing.ResultsThe model that included a gamma dispersion kernel had the best fit to the 4D ASL angiography. For the high temporal resolution ASL dataset, inclusion of the gamma dispersion kernel led to more signal included in the arterial blood volume map, which resulted in decreased cerebral blood flow values. The arterial blood volume and cerebral blood flow maps showed overall higher arterial blood volume values and lower cerebral blood flow values for the high temporal resolution dataset compared to the low temporal resolution dataset.ConclusionInclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel resulted in better fitting of the model to the data. The separation of the macrovascular and tissue component is affected by the inclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel and the temporal resolution of the ASL dataset.
Melting and solidification of thermoplastic polyurethanes as a function of nucleating agents
Authors: Stribeck Almut , Eling Berend , Pöselt Elmar , Malfois Marc , Schander Edgar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe solidification of two thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) appears as a two‐stage segregation (large‐scale allocation of hard‐phase entities, short‐scale granulation in the allocated entities). Following consolidation may raise the hard‐phase fraction. Mechanical stability requires the granular morphology. Good nucleating agents (NA) raise the solidification temperature and shorten the lifetimes of allocation and granulation. They can suppress consolidation. Shorter allocation causes lower hard phase fraction, shorter granulation means earlier transition to the solid. Annealed materials have much higher hard phase contents and a morphology of more uniform hard domains in a more regular arrangement. Both TPUs have a hard segment content of but different soft segments (polyether, polyester). Samples are injection‐molded and annealed. Melting‐and‐solidification experiments (, , ) are monitored by small‐angle (SAXS) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Three NAs contain resonating aromatic structures, the fourth is talc. NAs do not affect the melting of polyether TPU, but some NAs raise the melting point of polyester TPU considerably. SAXS chord‐distribution analysis reveals that the region of the melt is framed by segregation peaks. There, the mean chord lengths of the hard phase are the longest and the width of the distributions changes the fastest.
Epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of pediatric patients with COVID‐19 in China: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Bai Yan , Gao Liwei , Wang Xianfeng , Zhong Lili , Li Jingfeng , Ding Shenggang , Zheng Yuejie , Liu Jun , Cui Yuxia , Wang Lina , Han Mingfeng , Liu Jun , Jiang Xinping , Jiang Min , Li Junhua , Chen Ning , Shang Yunxiao , Zhou Hourong , Xu Yi , Lu Gen , Chen Xing , Xu Jizhi , Fan Qihong , Tang Yu , Wu Jiang , Li Cen , Yang Xiaoxiang , Chen Chunxi , Yang Yonghong , Wing‐Kin Wong Gary , Shen Adong , Wang Tianyou , Jin Runming , Xu Baoping , Shen Kunling 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) global pandemic poses a considerable challenge for pediatricians.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID‐19 in China.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included pediatric patients from 46 hospitals in China, covering 12 provinces and two municipalities. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 211 pediatric patients with COVID‐19 were included in this study. The median age was 7.0 years (range: 22 days to 18 years). Approximately 16.3% of the patients exhibited asymptomatic infections, 23.0% had upper respiratory tract infections, and 60.7% had pneumonia, including two with severe pneumonia and one with critical illness. Approximately 78.7% of the pediatric patients occurred in familial clusters. The most three common symptoms or signs at onset in children with COVID‐19 were fever (54.5%), cough (49.3%), and pharyngeal congestion (20.8%). Only 17.6% of the patients presented with decreased lymphocyte count, whereas 13.6% had increased lymphocyte count. Among the patients with pneumonia who exhibited abnormal chest computed tomography findings, 18.2% (23/127) of the patients had no other symptoms. Generally, the chest radiographs showed abnormalities that affected both lungs (49.6%); ground‐glass opacity (47.2%) was the most common manifestation. The cure and improvement rates were 86.7% (183/211) and 13.3% (28/211), respectively. Only one patient with an underlying condition received invasive mechanical ventilation; none of the patients died.InterpretationSimilar to adults, children of all age groups are susceptible to COVID‐19. Fortunately, most pediatric patients have mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic, despite the high incidence of pneumonia. Decreased proportions of white blood cells and lymphocytes are less frequent in children than in adults.
Controlling morphology, adhesion, and electrochromic behavior of PEDOT films through molecular design and processing
Authors: Kousseff Christina J. , Taifakou Fani Eirini , Neal William G. , Palma Matteo , Nielsen Christian B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a well‐known semiconducting polymer with favorable properties which find it often applied as the active material in biological sensors and electrochromic devices. However, PEDOT has several drawbacks which can prohibit its effective or long‐term use, including weak adhesion to substrates such as ITO‐coated glass, poorly controlled surface morphology, and reduced electrochemical stability over time. While a diverse range of approaches have been explored to overcome these issues, most involve additives or substrate modification, while solutions based on direct covalent adaptation are relatively lacking. We present a novel polymer based on covalently modified EDOT (PEDOT‐Crown), featuring polar motifs and a 15‐crown‐5 moiety. Compared to PEDOT, PEDOT‐Crown demonstrates a wealth of advantageous properties including: superior adhesion to ITO under physical and electrochemical duress; a more uniform surface morphology; and electrochemical properties including a higher contrast ratio, red‐shifted polaron and bipolaron absorption features, bleaching of the neutral absorption band across a narrower voltage range, and more Faradaic rather than capacitive behavior. Additionally, we note that in the presence of Na+, PEDOT‐Crown appears to show modified behavior in long‐term electrochemical experiments. These features make PEDOT‐Crown a material with improved suitability for application in biological sensing and electrochromic devices, compared to PEDOT.
Metrology Perspective of Single‐Photon Detectors: Review on Global Calibration Methods
Authors: Bhargav Anish M. , Rakshit Rajib K. , Das Samaresh , Singh Manju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe evolution of quantum standards for SI units and funding support from national governments has led to rapid technological developments in the quantum sciences. With this, new and more powerful quantum optical devices that find applications in several fields are obtained. Single‐photon detectors (SPDs) are considered as a critical element in these emerging technologies. A traceability chain for SPD calibration is required to ensure their performance reliability and quality. Different methods and techniques are being developed worldwide for the calibration of SPDs. In this paper, the developments that have occurred globally in SPD calibration and the uncertainty value achieved until now are summarized along with the scope of possible improvement areas.
Emulsion Designer Using Microfluidic Three‐Dimensional Droplet Printing in Droplet
Authors: Chen Li , Xiao Yao , Wu Qinglin , Yan Xiaoxiao , Zhao Peng , Ruan Jian , Shan Jianzhen , Chen Dong , Weitz David A. , Ye Fangfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHierarchical emulsions are interesting for both scientific researches and practical applications. Hierarchical emulsions prepared by microfluidics require complicated device geometry and delicate control of flow rates. Here, a versatile method is developed to design hierarchical emulsions using microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet. The process of droplet printing in droplet mimics the dragonfly laying eggs and has advantages of easy processing and flexible design. To demonstrate the capability of the method, double emulsions and triple emulsions with tunable core number, core size, and core composition are prepared. The hierarchical emulsions are excellent templates for the developments of functional materials. Flattened crescent‐moon‐shaped particles are then fabricated using double emulsions printed in confined 2D space as templates. The particles are excellent delivery vehicles for 2D interfaces, which can load and transport cargos through a well‐defined trajectory under external magnetic steering. Microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet provides a powerful platform with improved simplicity and flexibility for the design of hierarchical emulsions and functional materials.
Student‐Centered Routines for Analytic Writing Online and “In Person”
Authors: Matsumura Lindsay Clare , Sandora Cheryl , DeMartino Sara , Zook‐Howell Dena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we describe student‐centered routines that prepare students for success on ambitious text‐based writing assignments. Based on research showing the important role that peer collaboration and classroom discussion play in developing students’ thinking, these routines support students to ‘try out’ their ideas, learn from the perspectives of others, and clarify and revise their own positions in advance of writing. Importantly, these routines can be flexibly applied in both face‐to‐face and virtual classrooms to meet a range of teaching contingencies.
Brucella Canis discospondylitis in a dog imported into the United Kingdom from Romania
Authors: Escauriaza Leticia , Reeve Lizzie , Hahn Harriet , Granger Nicolas , Vandenberghe Helene 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 1‐year‐old female neutered Border collie‐cross dog presented for investigation of pain of unknown origin, lethargy and pyrexia. The dog had entered the United Kingdom one and half months before and had been imported from Romania. Neurological examination suggested multifocal spinal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column documented multiple sites of discospondylitis involving the vertebral column. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was normal and Brucella canis antibody titres were markedly high (3+/200), which was consistent with a diagnosis of brucellosis. Treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and paracetamol was started which led to a clinical improvement. However, given the poor prognosis, risk of zoonosis, and following recommendation from Public Health England, the dog was euthanised. Brucella canis cases are increasingly reported in the United Kingdom. This case report raises the importance of considering Brucella as a differential diagnosis in dogs with multifocal spinal pain and pyrexia, particularly when imported from regions at risk such as the Eastern European countries.
Natural convection in triangular fin‐shaped cavity with partially heated base using nanofluid
Authors: Khan Zafar H. , Khan Waqar A. , Elbaz Ahmed M. R. , Qasim Muhammad , Alharbi Sayer O. , Sun Licheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComputational analysis of convective heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3–Cu‐water hybrid nanofluid inside a triangular fin‐shaped cavity is performed. A heater of different lengths is attached to the base wall while the other walls are kept cold. The governing equations are modeled and transformed into dimensionless forms by utilizing dimensionless variables. For further investigation of the problem obtained, dimensionless coupled partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically using Galerkin Finite element method. A grid dependency test is carried out to check the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numerical method. Impact of heater length, nanoparticle volume fraction and Rayleigh number on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number is investigated through graphical analysis. It is demonstrated that the local and average Nusselt numbers increase with Rayleigh number and solid volume fraction of both nanoparticles. It is important to note that the results of this investigation are useful for cooling systems in various thermal devices, building structures, and electronic components.
Pelvic lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer and its impact on prognosis and outcome
Authors: Jaeger A. , Prieske K. , Mathey S. , Fischer I. , Vettorazzi E. , Kuerti S. , Reuter S. , Dieckmann J. , Schmalfeldt B. , Woelber L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The value of pelvic lymphadenectomy (LAE) has been subject of discussions since the 1980s. This is mainly due to the fact that the relation between lymph node involvement of the groin and pelvis is poorly understood and therewith the need for pelvic treatment in general.

Patients and Methods
N = 514 patients with primary vulvar squamous cell cancer (VSCC) FIGO stage ≥ IB were treated at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 1996 and 2018. In this analysis, patients with pelvic LAE (n = 21) were analyzed with regard to prognosis and the relation of groin and pelvic lymph node involvement.

Results
The majority had T1b/T2 tumors (n = 15, 78.9%) with a median diameter of 40 mm (11–110 mm). 17/21 patients showed positive inguinal nodes. Pelvic nodal involvement without groin metastases was not observed. 6/17 node-positive patients with positive groin nodes also had pelvic nodal metastases (35.3%; median number of affected pelvic nodes 2.5 (1–8)). These 6 patients were highly node positive with median 4.5 (2–9) affected groin nodes. With regard to the metastatic spread between groins and pelvis, no contralateral spread was observed. Five recurrences were observed after a median follow-up of 33.5 months. No pelvic recurrences were observed in the pelvic nodal positive group. Patients with pelvic metastasis at first diagnosis had a median progression-free survival of only 9.9 months and overall-survival of 31.1 months.

Conclusion
A relevant risk for pelvic nodal involvement only seems to be present in highly node-positive disease, therefore pelvic staging (and radiotherapy) is probably unnecessary in the majority of patients with node-positive VSCC.