bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The redshift evolution of the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation in SIMBA
Authors: Glowacki M , Elson E , Davé R 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR) is an important tool for constraining galaxy evolution models. As 21-cm H i emission studies have been largely restricted to low redshifts, the redshift evolution of the BTFR is less studied. The upcoming LADUMA survey (Looking At the Distant Universe with the MeerKAT Array) will address this. As preparation for LADUMA, we use the SIMBA hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation from the SIMBA-hires $(25\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ run to generate rotational velocity measures from galaxy rotation curves (Vflat) and H i spectral line profile widths (W50 and W20) at three different redshifts (z = 0, 0.5, and 1). Using these measures, together with the dark matter velocity dispersion and halo mass, we consider the redshift evolution of the BTFR of SIMBA galaxies. We find that LADUMA will be successful in detecting weak redshift evolution of the BTFR, provided that auxiliary data are used to distinguish galaxies with discy morphologies. W20 spectral line widths give lower scatter and more pronounced redshift evolution compared to W50. We also compare these rotational velocity measures to the dark matter velocity dispersion across redshift and galaxy morphology. We find weak redshift evolution between rotational velocity and the dark matter halo mass, and provide fits for estimating a galaxy’s dark matter halo mass from H i spectral line widths. This study with SIMBA showcases the importance of upcoming, deep Square Kilometre Array pathfinder surveys such as LADUMA, and provides predictions to compare with the redshift evolution of the BTFR and galaxy dark matter content from H i rotational velocity measures.
The ground beneath our feet
Authors: Basu Kaushik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThanks to the rapid advance in technology, the arrival of artificial intelligence, and easy digital connectivity across nations, the ground beneath the global economy is shifting. This has given rise to new social and political problems and challenges for market capitalism. The paper argues the need for original work in economic theory to capture and understand the essence of markets in this new, digital age; and goes on to speculate about what shape this may take. The paper discusses the need to think out of the box in terms of economic policy, arguing that the reach of antitrust law is inadequate for our digital-platform-based economy, and we have to think of new forms of regulation.
Replication protein A large subunit (RPA1a) limits chiasma formation during rice meiosis
Authors: Miao Yongjie , Shi Wenqing , Wang Hongjun , Xue Zhihui , You Hanli , Zhang Fanfan , Du Guijie , Tang Ding , Li Yafei , Shen Yi , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, plays essential role in homologous recombination. However, because deletion of RPA causes embryonic lethality in mammals, the exact function of RPA in meiosis remains unclear. In this study, we generated an rpa1a mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and explored its function in rice (Oryza sativa) meiosis. In rpa1a, 12 bivalents were formed at metaphase I, just like in wild-type, but chromosome fragmentations were consistently observed at anaphase I. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assays indicated that these fragmentations were due to the failure of the recombination intermediates to resolve. Importantly, the mutant had a highly elevated chiasma number, and loss of RPA1a could completely restore the 12 bivalent formations in the zmm (for ZIP1-4, MSH4/5, and MER3) mutant background. Protein–protein interaction assays showed that RPA1a formed a complex with the methyl methansulfonate and UV sensitive 81 (and the Fanconi anemia complementation group M–Bloom syndrome protein homologs (RECQ4A)–Topoisomerase3α–RecQ-mediated genome instability 1 complex to regulate chiasma formation and processing of the recombination intermediates. Thus, our data establish a pivotal role for RPA1a in promoting the accurate resolution of recombination intermediates and in limiting redundant chiasma formation during rice meiosis.
Death and dying during COVID-19: The role of health care workers
Authors: Yap John Federick C , Garcia Louiegi L , Yap Leizel D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A correspondence to an article published in this journal showed that anticipatory grieving and loss during the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic ultimately affects the lives of the family of the bereaved. Advocacy of the health care workers to the patient and their loved ones is necessary. This is where the role of health care workers appears to be important as they, in a sense, serve as a bridge to the dying patient and the grieving family.
Valuation Risk in Mutual Fund Portfolio Disclosure
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Lang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Valuation risk of a security—uncertainty about its fair value—is a subject of considerable concern in the mutual fund industry. If funds report different values for identical securities, investors cannot easily compare their performance. Yet it is not unusual to see identical illiquid stocks, small-cap stocks, stocks with high analyst dispersion, stocks with less analyst coverage, and newly listed stocks valued differently across mutual funds. An equity fund that has positive price dispersion in its portfolio holdings, that performs poorly, that belongs to a fund family with an inclination for aggressive reporting, that holds more stocks subject to stale prices, that holds more pre-IPO firms, or that experiences net outflows will tend to show positive price dispersion again in the next quarter. This behavior is significant in a volatile market. Aggressive reporting helps funds gain in the mutual fund tournament. (JEL G10, G23)
Impact of filgotinib on sacroiliac joint magnetic resonance imaging structural lesions at 12 weeks in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (TORTUGA trial)
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P , Østergaard Mikkel , Landewé Robert , Barchuk William , Liu Ke , Tasset Chantal , Gilles Leen , Hendrikx Thijs , Besuyen Robin , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effect of filgotinib, which preferentially inhibits Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), on MRI measures of structural change in the SI joint in patients with active AS in the TORTUGA trial.

Methods
Adults with active AS and inadequate response/intolerance to two or more NSAIDs were randomized 1:1 to filgotinib 200 mg (n = 58) or placebo (n = 58) once daily for 12 weeks. In this post hoc analysis, T1-weighted MRI scans of the SI joint were evaluated by two independent readers using Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score (SSS) definitions for erosion, backfill, fat metaplasia and ankylosis. Correlations between SPARCC SSS and improvement in clinical outcomes were also assessed.

Results
MRI scans from 87 patients (48 filgotinib, 39 placebo) were evaluated. At baseline there were no notable differences between filgotinib and placebo for any MRI structural lesion types. From baseline to week 12, filgotinib was associated with a significant reduction in SI joint erosion score (P = 0.02) and an increase in backfill score (P = 0.005) vs placebo, with no significant between-group differences for ankylosis (P = 0.46) or fat metaplasia (P = 0.17). At week 12, the change in SPARCC MRI SI joint inflammation scores correlated positively with erosion scores but negatively with backfill scores.

Conclusion
The significant changes in MRI structural lesions induced by filgotinib in the SI joint by week 12 demonstrate that tissue repair can be observed very soon after starting treatment with a JAK1 preferential inhibitor. This could have prognostic implications for development of ankylosis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03117270
IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO RADON IN ABOVE-GROUND WORKPLACES
Authors: Turtiainen Tuukka , Kojo Katja , Laine Jussi-Pekka , Holmgren Olli , Kurttio Päivi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Representative sampling of radon in indoor air is difficult because the concentration often exhibits unpredictable spatial and temporal variation. In workplaces, temporal variation may be rapid, and the minimum and maximum concentration can differ by a factor of 100. In this paper, we compare methods for assessing the radon concentration in workplaces utilising the results of an initial investigation with a track-etch detector and the results of an additional continuous measurement. The recommended method is as follows: the mean radon concentration during the working hours of 1 week, as well as the weekly mean, is calculated from the continuous measurement. The ratio between these mean concentrations is multiplied by the result from the track-etch detector. The coefficient of variation of this method is assessed as 19%. If the result of 1 week of continuous measurement is used alone, the coefficient of variation is assessed as 32%.
Neural correlates of affective stimulus evaluation: a case-by-case analysis
Authors: Schupp Harald T , Kirmse Ursula 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A recent study provided first evidence that neural correlates of affective stimulus evaluation, that is, the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP), can be assessed at the individual case level. Expanding the case-by-case approach, the main aim of the present study was to explore the process of affective stimulus evaluation within the individual participant with respect to multiple emotional stimulus classes. Toward this end, each participant viewed separate blocks of low- and high-arousing pictures from behavior systems of predator fear, disease avoidance and sexual reproduction. Thirteen out of 16 participants showed larger EPN and LPP amplitudes for higher- than lower-arousing stimuli for all three behavior systems. Furthermore, rather than indicating a general lack of emotional modulation, cases of non-significant EPN (N = 3) and LPP (N = 2) tests in individual participants appeared to be specific to a single emotion category. Overall, assessing the emotional modulation of the EPN and LPP across multiple behavior systems strengthens the case-by-case approach regarding an effect that is ‘common to all’ as well as by differentiating non-significant effects within individuals in terms of a content-specific or general phenomenon. Implications for revealing a general principle of emotion functioning and biomarker development are discussed.
Stomatal regulation and water potential variation in European beech: challenging the iso/anisohydry concept
Authors: Leuschner Christoph , Schipka Florian , Backes Katharina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe iso/anisohydric continuum has been used to classify tree species’ drought response strategies. The range over which stomata are regulating leaf water potential (ψl) before turgor loss occurs can be described with metrics such as the dependence of ψl on soil water potential (ψsoil) and the size of ‘hydroscape area’ (HA), but corresponding field data from adult trees are scarce. We examined the stomatal conductance (gs)–ψl relationship in its temporal (diurnal vs seasonal and interannual) and spatial (within-crown vs between-site) variation in European beech, using extensive ψl and gs measurements in the canopy of four beech stands across a precipitation gradient, and complemented the data set by published ψl and gs measurements in further Central European beech stands (including the extreme 2018 drought) in order to cover the full water potential operation space of the species. Both metrics characterize beech as a strictly anisohydric species with δψl/δψsoil &gt;&gt; 1 and HA = 4 MPa2. However, stomates close sensitively in response to increasing vapor pressure deficit, disproving the widely assumed dependence of large ψl variation on looser stomatal control. Characterizing the water status regulation mechanisms of trees requires separating diurnal from day-to-day variation in ψl and gs. The large diurnal and seasonal ψl variation in beech leaves is partly caused by a low leaf tissue elasticity, suggesting that a whole-plant perspective with consideration of osmotic and elastic tissue properties and stem and root hydraulics is needed for fully understanding ψl regulation and the drought tolerance strategy of trees.
A Meaningful and Actionable Professionalism Assessment: Validity Evidence for the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) Across 8 Years
Authors: Bajwa Nadia M. , Nendaz Mathieu R. , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Yudkowsky Rachel , Park Yoon Soo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
With the growing importance of professionalism in medical education, it is imperative to develop professionalism assessments that demonstrate robust validity evidence. The Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) is an assessment that has demonstrated validity evidence in the authentic clinical setting. Identifying the factorial structure of professionalism assessments determines professionalism constructs that can be used to provide diagnostic and actionable feedback. This study examines validity evidence for the P-MEX, a focused and standardized assessment of professionalism, in a simulated patient setting.

Method
The P-MEX was administered to 275 pediatric residency applicants as part of a 3-station standardized patient encounter, pooling data over an 8-year period (2012 to 2019 residency admission years). Reliability and construct validity for the P-MEX were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results
Cronbach’s alpha for the P-MEX was 0.91. The EFA yielded 4 factors: doctor–patient relationship skills, interprofessional skills, professional demeanor, and reflective skills. The CFA demonstrated good model fit with a root-mean-square error of approximation of .058 and a comparative fit index of .92, confirming the reproducibility of the 4-factor structure of professionalism.

Conclusions
The P-MEX demonstrates construct validity as an assessment of professionalism, with 4 underlying subdomains in doctor–patient relationship skills, interprofessional skills, professional demeanor, and reflective skills. These results yield new confidence in providing diagnostic and actionable subscores within the P-MEX assessment. Educators may wish to integrate the P-MEX assessment into their professionalism curricula.
What Is an Innovation Article? A Systematic Overview of Innovation in Health Professions Education Journals
Authors: Colbert-Getz Jorie M. , Bierer S. Beth , Berry Andrea , Bradley Elizabeth , Han Heeyoung , Mooney Christopher , Szauter Karen , Teal Cayla R. , Youm Julie , O’Brien Bridget C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Innovation articles have their own submission category and guidelines in health professions education (HPE) journals, which suggests innovation might be a unique genre of scholarship. Yet, the requirements for innovation submissions vary among journals, suggesting ambiguity about the core content of this type of scholarship. To reduce this ambiguity, the researchers conducted a systematic overview to identify key features of innovation articles and evaluate their consistency in use across journals. Findings from this review may have implications for further development of innovation scholarship within HPE.

Method
In this systematic overview, conducted in 2020, the researchers identified 13 HPE journals with innovation-type articles and used content analysis to identify key features from author guidelines and publications describing what editors look for in innovation articles. The researchers then audited a sample of 39 innovation articles (3/journal) published in 2019 to determine presence and consistency of 12 innovation features within and across HPE journals. Audit findings informed the researchers’ evaluation of innovation as a genre in HPE.

Results
Findings show variability of innovation feature presence within and across journals. On average, articles included 7.8 of the 12 innovation features (SD 2.1, range 3–11). The most common features were description of: how the innovation was implemented (92%), a problem (90%), what was new or novel (79%), and data or outcomes (77%). On average, 5.5 (SD 1.5) out of 12 innovation features were consistently used in articles within each journal.

Conclusions
The authors identified common features of innovation article types based on journal guidelines, but there was variability in presence and consistency of these features, suggesting HPE innovations are in an emerging state of genre development. The authors discuss potential reasons for variability within this article type and highlight the need for further discussion among authors, editors, and reviewers to improve clarity.
Association Between Paravertebral Muscle Mass and Improvement in Sagittal Imbalance After Decompression Surgery of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Yoshida Yuichi , Ohya Junichi , Yasukawa Taiki , Onishi Yuki , Kunogi Junichi , Kawamura Naohiro 
Published: August 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective observational study.

Objective.
This study examined associated factors for the improvement in spinal imbalance following decompression surgery without fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Several reports have suggested that decompression surgery without fusion may have a beneficial effect on sagittal balance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) through their postoperative course. However, few reports have examined the association between an improvement in sagittal imbalance and spinal sarcopenia.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed 92 patients with LSS and a preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) more than or equal to 40 mm who underwent decompression surgery without fusion at a single institution between April 2017 and October 2018. Patients’ background and radiograph parameters and the status of spinal sarcopenia, defined using the relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) of the paravertebral muscle (PVM) and psoas muscle at the L4 caudal endplate level, were assessed. We divided the patients into two groups: those with a postoperative SVA less than 40 mm (balanced group) and those with a postoperative SVA more than or equal to 40 mm (imbalanced group). We then compared the variables between the two groups.

Results.
A total of 29 (31.5%) patients obtained an improved sagittal imbalance after decompression surgery. The rCSA-PVM in the balanced group was significantly higher than that in the imbalanced group (P = 0.042). The preoperative pelvic incidence (PI)-lumbar lordosis (LL) mismatch (P = 0.048) and the proportion with compression vertebral fracture (P = 0.028) in the balanced group were significantly lower than those in the imbalanced group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified PI-LL less than or equal to 10° and rCSA-PVM more than or equal to 2.5 as significant associated factor for the improvement in spinal imbalance following decompression surgery.

Conclusion.
A larger volume of paravertebral muscles and a lower PI-LL were associated with an improvement in sagittal balance in patients with LSS who underwent decompression surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
Should We Prolong the Observation Period for Neurological Recovery After Cardiac Arrest?*
Authors: Tsai Min-Shan , Chen Wen-Jone , Chen Wei-Ting , Tien Yu-Tzu , Chang Wei-Tien , Ong Hooi-Nee , Huang Chien-Hua 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate whether the recommended observation period of 7 days for cardiac arrest survivors is sufficient for conscious recovery and to identify the variables associated with eventual neurologic recovery among patients with delayed awakening.

DESIGN:
A retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
A single tertiary medical center.

PATIENTS:
Five-hundred twenty-nine nontraumatic adult cardiac arrest survivors with prearrest favorable neurologic function (Cerebral Performance Category 1–2) who survived to hospital discharge during 2011–2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
The enrolled patients were classified into favorable (Cerebral Performance Category 1–2) and poor (Cerebral Performance Category 3–4) neurologic recovery according to their neurologic function at hospital discharge. Among patients with favorable neurologic recovery, those who recovered within 7 days were assigned to the early recovery group or after 7 days as the late recovery group.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
There were 395 patients exhibiting favorable neurologic recovery (n = 357 in the early group, n = 38 in late group) and 134 patients exhibiting poor neurologic recovery (poor recovery group). Among patients who remained unconscious on day 7, delayed awakening was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.905; 95% CI, 1.153–13.221), prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (OR, 7.628; 95% CI, 2.084–27.922), therapeutic hypothermia (OR, 4.320; 95% CI, 1.624–11.488), and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR, 4.508; 95% CI, 1.414–14.371). Being transferred from another hospital, however, was less likely to be associated with delayed awakening (OR, 0.061; 95% CI, 0.009–0.431). The median duration for patients to regain clear consciousness in the late recovery group was 12.12 days. No patient who recovered consciousness had an unfavorable electroencephalography pattern, however, in patients with poor recovery, the 7-day electroencephalography showed 45 patients with generalized suppression (33.6%), two with burst suppression (1.5%), 14 with seizure/epileptic discharge (10.5%), and one with status epilepticus (0.7%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Up to 9.6% of cardiac arrest patients with favorable outcomes recover consciousness after the recommended 7 days of observation, indicating the observation time of 7 days seems justified but longer duration may be needed. The results of the culturally and clinically isolated population may limit the application to other population.
Maintenance therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the renaissance of an old therapeutic concept
Authors: Bewersdorf Jan Philipp , Tallman Martin S. , Stahl Maximilian 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Disease relapse remains the major cause of death in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is driven by the persistence of leukemic cells following induction chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT). Maintenance therapies to extend the duration of remission and to improve survival have been proposed for several years with mixed results but have experienced a renaissance recently.

Recent findings
The oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 has been the first agent to show an overall survival (OS) benefit compared with observation in AML patients in remission following intensive chemotherapy who are not proceeding to allo-HCT. In the realm of maintenance therapy following allo-HCT, the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib has yielded superior results in terms of OS and relapse-free survival in randomized trials compared with observation. Several open questions remain regarding patient selection, timing, duration and safety of maintenance therapies. Various targeted agents are currently tested in clinical trials and could potentially enable an even more individualized therapeutic approach.

Summary
Maintenance therapies following intensive chemotherapy or allo-HCT offer a new therapeutic paradigm for an increasing number of AML patients and have been shown to result in an OS benefit in selected patients.