bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intronic elements associated with insomnia and restless legs syndrome exhibit cell-type-specific epigenetic features contributing to MEIS1 regulation
Authors: Lam Daniel D , Antic Nikolic Ana , Zhao Chen , Mirza-Schreiber Nazanin , Krężel Wojciech , Oexle Konrad , Winkelmann Juliane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A highly evolutionarily conserved myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1) intronic region is strongly associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and insomnia. To understand its regulatory function, we dissected the region by analyzing chromatin accessibility, enhancer-promoter contacts, DNA methylation and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTLs) in different human neural cell types and tissues. We observed specific activity with respect to cell type and developmental maturation, indicating a prominent role for distinct highly conserved intronic elements in forebrain inhibitory neuron differentiation. Two elements were hypomethylated in neural cells with higher MEIS1 expression, suggesting a role of enhancer demethylation in gene regulation. MEIS1 eQTLs showed a striking modular chromosomal distribution, with forebrain eQTLs clustering in intron 8/9. Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats interference targeting of individual elements in this region attenuated MEIS1 expression, revealing a complex regulatory interplay of distinct elements. In summary, we found that MEIS1 regulation is organized in a modular pattern. Disease-associated intronic regulatory elements control MEIS1 expression with cell type and maturation stage specificity, particularly in the inhibitory neuron lineage. The precise spatiotemporal activity of these elements likely contributes to the pathogenesis of insomnia and RLS.
Mapping technological trajectories as the main paths of knowledge flow: Evidence from printers
Authors: Hung Shih-Chang , Lai Jiun-Yan , Liu John S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we recognize that technological trajectories can be modeled as a series of problem-solving activities, manifesting the cyclical pattern of divergence–convergence knowledge flow. This recognition is applied to study the technological development of the thermal inkjet print head, using main path analysis and an assignee cross-citation network. Our analysis shows that the thermal inkjet print head experienced three cycles of divergence–convergence knowledge flow. Each of the cycles was evidently characterized by a problem of most concern and a referred solution. Our research contributes to explaining why, when, and how trajectories diverge and converge cyclically.
Patent- and trademark-seeking outward foreign direct investment by Chinese firms: The role of business group affiliation
Authors: Shi Xinwei , Williams Christopher , Sutherland Dylan , Rong Ke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between business group affiliation (BGA) of Chinese firms and their foreign acquisitive behavior in terms of technology and brand-oriented strategic assets. Drawing on new internalization, business group, and international business theory, we assert that Chinese business group affiliated firms will more likely pursue foreign acquisitions to seek strategic assets including patents but less likely to pursue foreign acquisitions to seek trademarks. Patents have non-location-bounded (NLB) properties that mean they can be exploited by the business group—not just the firm—back in the domestic market, while trademarks have location bounded (LB) properties that mean they are less easy to exploit by a business group domestically. Using a sample of 779 Chinese cross-border acquisitions between 2006 and 2015, we find support for arguments relating to the differences in relative attractiveness of targets holding patents vs. trademarks for Chinese firms linked to business groups. We discuss how this better helps us understand emerging market MNEs and related theory.
Cohort study of familial viral hepatitis and risks of paediatric cancers
Authors: Heck Julia E , Wu Chia-Kai , Huang Xiwen , Chew Kara W , Tong Myron , Federman Noah , Ritz Beate , Arah Onyebuchi A , Li Chung-Yi , Yu Fei , Olsen Jorn , Hansen Johnni , Lee Pei-Chen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough viral hepatitis causes paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic and extrahepatic cancers in adults, there are few epidemiologic studies on paediatric-cancer risks from parental viral hepatitis. In a nationwide study in a viral hepatitis endemic region and with confirmation in another population-based sample, we examined associations between parental hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections and risks of cancers in offspring.MethodsWe included all children born in Taiwan in 2004–2014 (N = 2 079 037) with 2160 cancer cases ascertained from the Cancer Registry. We estimated risks for paediatric cancers using Cox proportional-hazard regressions. We checked these associations in a nationwide case–control study in Denmark (6422 cases, 160 522 controls).ResultsIn Taiwan, paternal HBV was related to child’s hepatoblastoma [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05, 2.97] when identified at any time in the medical record, and when analyses were limited to hepatitis diagnoses occurring before the child’s birth, risks increased (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.13–3.80). Paternal HCV was related to child’s non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.13–3.74). Maternal HCV was weakly related to increased risks of all childhood cancers [all types combined; HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.95–2.22]. The population-attributable fraction of hepatoblastoma for maternal, paternal and child HBV was 2.6%, 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively.ConclusionsParental HBV and HCV may be risk factors for hepatic and non-hepatic cancers in children. If associations are causal, then parental screening and treatment with antivirals may prevent some paediatric cancers.
Minority Stress and the Effects on Emotion Processing in Transgender Men and Cisgender People: A Study Combining fMRI and 1H-MRS
Authors: Kiyar Meltem , Kubre Mary-Ann , Collet Sarah , Bhaduri Sourav , T’Sjoen Guy , Guillamon Antonio , Mueller Sven C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Minority stress via discrimination, stigmatization, and exposure to violence can lead to development of mood and anxiety disorders and underlying neurobiochemical changes. To date, the neural and neurochemical correlates of emotion processing in transgender people (and their interaction) are unknown.

Methods
This study combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to uncover the effects of anxiety and perceived stress on the neural and neurochemical substrates, specifically choline, on emotion processing in transgender men. Thirty transgender men (TM), 30 cisgender men, and 35 cisgender women passively viewed angry, neutral, happy, and surprised faces in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner, underwent a magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan, and filled out mood- and anxiety-related questionnaires.

Results
As predicted, choline levels modulated the relationship between anxiety and stress symptoms and the neural response to angry and surprised (but not happy faces) in the amygdala. This was the case only for TM but not cisgender comparisons. More generally, neural responses in the left amygdala, left middle frontal gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus to emotional faces in TM resembled that of cisgender women.

Conclusions
These results provide first evidence, to our knowledge, of a critical interaction between levels of analysis and that choline may influence neural processing of emotion in individuals prone to minority stress.
Reduced Magnitude and Durability of Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Among Older Adults
Authors: Brockman Mark A , Mwimanzi Francis , Lapointe Hope R , Sang Yurou , Agafitei Olga , Cheung Peter K , Ennis Siobhan , Ng Kurtis , Basra Simran , Lim Li Yi , Yaseen Fatima , Young Landon , Umviligihozo Gisele , Omondi F Harrison , Kalikawe Rebecca , Burns Laura , Brumme Chanson J , Leung Victor , Montaner Julio S G , Holmes Daniel , DeMarco Mari L , Simons Janet , Pantophlet Ralph , Niikura Masahiro , Romney Marc G , Brumme Zabrina L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The magnitude and durability of immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines remain incompletely characterized in the elderly.

Methods
Anti-spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competition, and virus neutralizing activities were assessed in plasma from 151 health care workers and older adults (range, 24–98 years of age) 1 month following the first vaccine dose, and 1 and 3 months following the second dose.

Results
Older adults exhibited significantly weaker responses than younger health care workers for all humoral measures evaluated and at all time points tested, except for ACE2 competition activity after 1 vaccine dose. Moreover, older age remained independently associated with weaker responses even after correction for sociodemographic factors, chronic health condition burden, and vaccine-related variables. By 3 months after the second dose, all humoral responses had declined significantly in all participants, and remained significantly lower among older adults, who also displayed reduced binding antibodies and ACE2 competition activity towards the Delta variant.

Conclusions
Humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are significantly weaker in older adults, and antibody-mediated activities in plasma decline universally over time. Older adults may thus remain at elevated risk of infection despite vaccination.
Development of an Analytical Method for Detection of Anesthetics and Sedatives in Fish
Authors: Hong Songhee , Kwon Namji , Kang Hui-Seung , Jang Eunyoung , Kim Hyojeong , Han Eunyoung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Anesthetics and sedatives are frequently used to prevent abrasions caused by stress and to facilitate fish management. However, drug residues may persist and cause changes in fish conditions and induce side effects. In addition, drugs that are not permitted for use in edible fish are sometimes potentially used in fish. The drugs can also be found in wastewater and are likely to be detected in fish.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to establish a quantitative analytical method for 10 anesthetic and sedative (azaperone, chlorpromazine, diazepam, estazolam, haloperidol, nitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, perphenazine, and temazepam) residues in fish sold in Korean markets.

Method
Shrimp, flounder, and eel samples were selected as matrices. Acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1% formic acid was selected as an extraction solvent for shrimp and 100% ACN for flounder and eel. The QuEChERS method with C18 and primary secondary amine (PSA) was used as the extraction procedure, and the analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results
Limit of quantitation, recovery, accuracy, and precision were validated, and satisfactory results were obtained for the drugs. All results applied to the real samples were negative.

Conclusions
An optimal validation method was studied. Since the results for all samples were negative, it is considered that additional studies are needed by increasing the number of drugs.

Highlights
The most effective QuEChERS pretreatment method and conditions of LC-MS/MS for the analysis of anesthetics and sedatives in fish were established.
The Rise of Factor X Level in Blood Plasma of Patients at Severe Burn Injuries
Authors: Kozynets George P , Tsyhankov Volodymyr P , Korolova Daria S , Gornytska Olga V , Savchuk Olexiy M , Chernyshenko Volodymyr O , Chernyshenko Tamara M , Platonova Tatiana M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work is dedicated to the detection of imbalance between the pro- and anticoagulant branches of hemostasis at severe burn injuries by evaluating the content or activity of individual clotting factors. To select the targets for accurate diagnostics we measured the concentrations of soluble fibrin monomeric complexes and fibrinogen, levels of total prothrombin, factor X, protein C, and antithrombin III, and recorded the time of clotting in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time (PT) tests. Factor X level was increased in 26% of patients on the 1st day after the burn and it rose further in 62% patients on the 14th day of recovery. Increasing factor X level is assumed to be a risk factor of thrombotic complications. We propose to use it as a marker of predisposition to thrombosis at severe burn injury.
Mucormycosis in Burns: A Review
Authors: Littlehales Emma , Teague Rebecca , Andrew Dale , Yassaie Emily 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMucormycosis is a rare fungal infection with a high mortality rate. It presents with scattered black/necrotic ulcers, white fungal elements, and progression of wounds despite seemingly adequate debridement. Diagnosis is confirmed on wound histology; however, this is often delayed. There is currently no comprehensive review of burn-related mucormycosis within the literature, making this the first article to provide evidence-based treatment guidance. We performed a review of publications from 1946 to the present. There were 151 cases of mucormycosis complicating burns. The mortality rate was 54.5%, and there was a significant increase in mortality with axial body site involvement compared with isolated peripheral involvement. The standard treatment was prompt and radical debridement. Utilization of frozen section to guide debridement aided in clinical decision making. No systemic treatment reached statistical significance; however, amphotericin B trended toward significance. Although there is no strong evidence for topical amphotericin B or hyperbaric oxygen, there may be benefit in some cases. This study recommends early radical debridement in conjunction with the European Confederation of Medical Mycology guidelines of IV liposomal/lipid complex amphotericin B more than 5mg/kg/day, with posaconazole 800 mg daily in divided doses as a salvage or oral step-down.
Compassion Fatigue in the Burn Unit: A Review of Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Agbenorku Pius 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Healthcare staff across varied clinical settings are faced with varied stressors that can lead to compassion fatigue. However, there is currently no review examining the phenomenon in-depth in the burn unit. Thus, in the current study, the authors sought to scope existing studies to ascertain the prevalence, contributing factors, and effects of compassion fatigue in the burn unit. Compassion fatigue was conceptualized as comprising of burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress. Arksey and O′Malley’s scoping review approach was used and reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) extension guidelines. Searches were undertaken across peer-reviewed databases and gray literature sources for quantitative studies. Following the search and screening process, nine studies were retained. Codes were formulated across studies following which narrative synthesis was undertaken. The majority of the studies (n = 5) focused on burn care nurses. High levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and comparatively low levels of personal achievement were reported among burn care staff which is indicative of BO. Compassion fatigue was also observed to be high among burn care staff. Contributing factors are varied, albeit some variables such as age, staffing levels, remuneration, nature of the work environment, and number of years worked were consistent across some studies. In conclusion, working in the burn unit is challenging with significant stressors that can lead to BO, traumatic stress, and subsequently, compassion fatigue. Interventions to promote resilience, hardiness, optimal working environment, peer, and psychosocial support are greatly needed.
Sir Ernest Cassel, a ‘Jew of taste’
Authors: Murdoch Tessa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
‘Windsor’ Cassel, financial adviser to Edward VII, emigrated from Cologne to Liverpool aged 16, in 1869. Within five years he was earning a substantial salary. By 1888 he owned a residence in Mayfair, renting and then purchasing country houses and sporting estates. He owned an apartment in Paris, built a chalet in the Swiss Alps and rented villas near Biarritz. With the assistance of New York based dealer Joseph Duveen, in the 1890s Cassel collected Meissen porcelain, and from 1902 acquired antique English silver from leading London dealers. In 1904 Cassel purchased Brook House, Park Lane, which he extended and furnished with historic British portraits, French furniture, clocks, jade, porcelain, silver and contemporary paintings. The house and its contents were inherited by his granddaughter Edwina Ashley, who married Lord Mountbatten after Cassel’s death. Brook House was redeveloped, and although the best paintings, porcelain and silver were redisplayed there by the Mountbattens, the remainder of Cassel’s collection was sold at auction in 1932.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Treatment Patterns for Patients With Metastatic Solid Cancer in the United States
Authors: Parikh Ravi B , Takvorian Samuel U , Vader Daniel , Paul Wileyto E , Clark Amy S , Lee Daniel J , Goyal Gaurav , Rocque Gabrielle B , Dotan Efrat , Geynisman Daniel M , Phull Pooja , Spiess Philippe E , Kim Roger Y , Davidoff Amy J , Gross Cary P , Neparidze Natalia , Miksad Rebecca A , Calip Gregory S , Hearn Caleb M , Ferrell Will , Shulman Lawrence N , Mamtani Ronac , Hubbard Rebecca A ,   the PRACTICE Investigators
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to delays in patients seeking care for life-threatening conditions; however, its impact on treatment patterns for patients with metastatic cancer is unknown. We assessed the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on time to treatment initiation (TTI) and treatment selection for patients newly diagnosed with metastatic solid cancer.

Methods
We used an electronic health record–derived longitudinal database curated via technology-enabled abstraction to identify 14 136 US patients newly diagnosed with de novo or recurrent metastatic solid cancer between January 1 and July 31 in 2019 or 2020. Patients received care at approximately 280 predominantly community-based oncology practices. Controlled interrupted time series analyses assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic period (April-July 2020) on TTI, defined as the number of days from metastatic diagnosis to receipt of first-line systemic therapy, and use of myelosuppressive therapy.

Results
The adjusted probability of treatment within 30 days of diagnosis was similar across periods (January-March 2019 = 41.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.2% to 51.1%; April-July 2019 = 42.6%, 95% CI = 32.4% to 52.7%; January-March 2020 = 44.5%, 95% CI = 30.4% to 58.6%; April-July 2020 = 46.8%, 95% CI= 34.6% to 59.0%; adjusted percentage-point difference-in-differences = 1.4%, 95% CI = −2.7% to 5.5%). Among 5962 patients who received first-line systemic therapy, there was no association between the pandemic period and use of myelosuppressive therapy (adjusted percentage-point difference-in-differences = 1.6%, 95% CI = −2.6% to 5.8%). There was no meaningful effect modification by cancer type, race, or age.

Conclusions
Despite known pandemic-related delays in surveillance and diagnosis, the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect TTI or treatment selection for patients with metastatic solid cancers.
Communists Encounter Islamic Antisemitism and Misogyny, 1917–1957
Authors: Norwood Stephen H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Contemporary far leftists deny, trivialize, or even endorse, Islamic antisemitism. The response of Communists and fellow travelers to Islamic antisemitism in the four decades after the Bolshevik revolution was more complex. Communists were initially inclined to accept Karl Marx’s view of Islam as reactionary and an obstacle to progress. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviets made concerted efforts to overturn Islamic beliefs and eradicate Muslim practices in their Central Asian republics. But the Communists’ rigid adherence to narrow class analysis led them to vastly underestimate the influence of Islamic teaching about Jews in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, and often to downplay the worst outbreaks of antisemitic violence. The two lines of the Communist approach to Islamic societies were the Muslim subjugation of Jews and women, each of which they viewed as an obstacle to progress. But while their insistence on overturning the Muslim confinement of women remained unrelenting until late in the period under consideration, their challenge to Islamic subjugation of Jews was inconsistent. This article analyzes Communist responses to Muslim pogroms against Jews in Mandatory Palestine, Algeria, Tripolitania, and elsewhere. It also assesses the commentaries on Islamic antisemitism by Communists and fellow travelers from the West who spent considerable time in Soviet Central Asia in the 1930s. The final section considers the twenty-first century far left alliance with Islamists, which embodies the worst features of the earlier Communist outlook.
Postulating exoplanetary habitability via a novel anomaly detection method
Authors: Sarkar Jyotirmoy , Bhatia Kartik , Saha Snehanshu , Safonova Margarita , Sarkar Santonu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A profound shift in the study of cosmology came with the discovery of thousands of exoplanets and the possibility of the existence of billions of them in our Galaxy. The biggest goal in these searches is whether there are other life-harbouring planets. However, the question which of these detected planets are habitable, potentially-habitable, or maybe even inhabited, is still not answered. Some potentially habitable exoplanets have been hypothesised, but since Earth is the only known habitable planet, measures of habitability are necessarily determined with Earth as the reference. Several recent works introduced new habitability metrics based on optimisation methods. Classification of potentially habitable exoplanets using supervised learning is another emerging area of study. However, both modelling and supervised learning approaches suffer from drawbacks. We propose an anomaly detection method, the multi-stage memetic algorithm (MSMA), to detect anomalies and extend it to an unsupervised clustering algorithm multi-stage multi-version memetic clustering algorithm to use it to detect potentially habitable exoplanets as anomalies. The algorithm is based on the postulate that Earth is an anomaly, with the possibility of existence of few other anomalies among thousands of data points. We describe an MSMA-based clustering approach with a novel distance function to detect habitable candidates as anomalies (including Earth). The results are cross-matched with the Planetary Habitability Laboratory-habitable exoplanet catalogue (PHL-HEC) of the PHL with both optimistic and conservative lists of potentially habitable exoplanets.