bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of flexible pressure sensor based on silver nanowires/nonwoven fabric
Authors: Zhang Hui‐mei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jia‐wen , Ye Xu , Li Yuan‐yuan , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two methods were adopted and compared to fabricate conductive cotton nonwoven fabric which can be used as flexible pressure sensor. One is named as ISSCF on which silver nanowires (AgNWs) were in situ synthesized forming a conductive network due to the existence of hydrogen bonding. The other one adopts dip‐coating method to prepare conductive fabric (DCCF) with synthesized AgNWs. The flexible pressure sensor with ISSCF shows a higher durability and sensitivity (7.41 kPa−1) than the sensor with DCCF. Moreover, the fast response and relaxation time (<50 ms) are acquired through fabricating flexible pressure sensors with ISSCF. It is found that the conductive cotton fabric layers play a significant role in deciding the capability of the flexible pressure sensors. This paper provides a new idea for flexible pressure sensor.
Body in migration: Bodily experiences and strategies amongst foreign scholars in China
Authors: Wang Bingyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTaking an embodied approach, this paper conducts ethnographic research on foreign scholars working at Sino‐foreign universities. First, it examines both bodily comfort and dissonance they encounter while living in China. Second, it investigates how some scholars deploy bodily strategies at everyday and transnational level to overcome bodily discomfort and reframe lived experiences. As such, the paper demonstrates that embodiments, especially in the context of migration, are always, and necessarily, situated, multiple and ever‐changing, as they are structurally positioned, agentively reconstructed and temporally/spatially distributed. Critically, with a focus on the newly emerged academic mobility pattern moving from the Global North to the South, this paper brings a bodily sensitive theoretical framework into academic migration studies, unpacking the interacting dynamics between places, migrant bodies, agency and subjectivities. It thus expands the analytic utility of the approach of bodies/embodiments and further facilitates the body turn in migration studies in new theoretical and empirical directions.
Vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays for crossbar memristors with tuning switching dynamics toward neuromorphic computing
Authors: Yang Fangxu , Sun Lingjie , Duan Qingxi , Dong Huanli , Jing Zhaokun , Yang Yuchao , Li Rongjin , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping , Chua Leon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMemristors proposed by Leon Chua provide a new type of memory device for novel neuromorphic computing applications. However, the approaching of distinct multi‐intermediate states for tunable switching dynamics, the controlling of conducting filaments (CFs) toward high device repeatability and reproducibility, and the ability for large‐scale preparation devices, remain full of challenges. Here, we show that vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays (VONAs) could make a way toward the challenges. The perfect one‐dimensional structure of the VONAs could confine the CFs accurately with fine‐tune resistance states in a broad range of 103 ratios. The availability of large‐area VONAs makes the fabrication of large‐area crossbar memristor arrays facilely, and the analog switching characteristic of the memristors is to effectively imitate different kinds of synaptic plasticity, indicating their great potential in future applications.
Machine Learning Method Reveals Hidden Strong Metal‐Support Interaction in Microscopy Datasets
Authors: Blum Thomas , Graves Jeffery , Zachman Michael J. , Polo‐Garzon Felipe , Wu Zili , Kannan Ramakrishnan , Pan Xiaoqing , Chi Miaofang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForming an ultra‐thin, permeable encapsulation oxide‐support layer on a metal catalyst surface is considered an effective strategy for achieving a balance between high stability and high activity in heterogenous catalysts. The success of such a design relies not only on the thickness, ideally one to two atomic layers thick, but also on the morphology and chemistry of the encapsulation layer. Reliably identifying the presence and chemical nature of such a trace layer has been challenging. Electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), the primary technique utilized for such studies, is limited by a weak signal on overlayers when using conventional analysis methods, often leading to misinterpreted or missed information. Here, a robust, unsupervised machine learning data analysis method is developed to reveal trace encapsulation layers that are otherwise overlooked in STEM‐EELS datasets. This method provides a reliable tool for analyzing encapsulation of catalysts and is generally applicable to any spectroscopic analysis of materials and devices where revealing a trace signal and its spatial distribution is challenging.
The Journey to Precious‐Metal‐Free Organic Phosphors from Single‐Benzene‐Cored Fluorophores
Authors: Shimizu Masaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article takes a look back over our research on the development of organic fluorophores that efficiently emit light in the solid state and precious‐metal‐free phosphors that emit light at room temperature. In particular, we place an emphasis on the prehistory of each project and the relationship between the established molecular designs. Our story starts from the serendipitous discovery of a luminophore with a single benzene core and follows the molecular design and characterization of 2,5‐dipiperidyl‐1,4‐bis(acceptor‐substituted ethenyl)benzenes that exhibit solid‐state fluorescence with high‐to‐excellent quantum yields in the blue‐to‐red region. In addition, the design concepts, luminescence characteristics, and applications of eight novel classes of fluorophores are described, and the discovery, design, and luminescent properties of precious‐metal‐free compounds that show efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence are presented.
Emergent gravity from hidden sectors and TT deformations
Authors: Betzios P. , Kiritsis E. , Niarchos V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate emergent gravity extending the paradigm of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The emergent graviton is associated to the (dynamical) expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor. We derive the general effective description of such dynamics, and apply it to the case where a hidden theory generates gravity that is coupled to the Standard Model. In the linearized description, generically, such gravity is massive with the presence of an extra scalar degree of freedom. The propagators of both the spin-two and spin-zero modes are positive and well defined. The associated emergent gravitational theory is a bi-gravity theory, as is (secretly) the case in holography. The background metric on which the QFTs are defined, plays the role of dark energy and the emergent theory has always as a solution the original background metric. In the case where the hidden theory is holographic, the overall description yields a higher-dimensional bulk theory coupled to a brane. The effective graviton on the brane has four-dimensional characteristics both in the UV and IR and is always massive.
New AdS4 vacua in dyonic ISO(7) gauged supergravity
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Fischbacher Thomas , Gautason Fridrik Freyr , Pilch Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We identify 219 AdS4 solutions in four-dimensional dyonically gauged ISO(7) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity and present some of their properties. One of the new solutions preserves $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry and provides a rare explicit example of an AdS4 vacuum dual to a 3d SCFT with no continuous global symmetry. There are also two new non-supersymmetric solutions for which all 70 scalar fields in the supergravity theory have masses above the BF bound. All of these AdS4 solutions can be uplifted to massive type IIA supergravity. Motivated by this we present the low lying operator spectra of the dual 3d CFTs for all known supersymmetric AdS4 solutions in the theory and organize them into superconformal multiplets.
Thermodynamics of de Sitter black holes with conformally coupled scalar fields
Authors: Simovic Fil , Fusco Danny , Mann Robert B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamic properties of 3+1 dimensional black holes in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes, conformally coupled to a real scalar field. We use a Euclidean action approach, where boundary value data is specified at a finite radius ‘cavity’ outside the black hole, working in the extended phase space where the cosmological constant is treated as a thermodynamic pressure. We examine the phase structure of these black holes through their free energy. For the MTZ subclass of solutions, we find Hawking-Page-like phase transitions from a black hole spacetime to thermal de Sitter with a scalar field. In the more general case, Hawking-Page-like phase transitions are also present, whose existence depends further on a particular cosmic censorship bound.
Traveling Quasi-periodic Water Waves with Constant Vorticity
Authors: Berti M. , Franzoi L. , Maspero A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove the first bifurcation result of time quasi-periodictravelingwave solutions for space periodic water waves with vorticity. In particular, we prove the existence of small amplitude time quasi-periodic solutions of the gravity-capillary water waves equations withconstant vorticity, for a bidimensional fluid over a flat bottom delimited by a space-periodic free interface. These quasi-periodic solutions exist for all the values of depth, gravity and vorticity, and restrict the surface tension to a Borel set of asymptotically full Lebesgue measure.
Origin of Sex-Biased Mental Disorders: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Singh Rama S. , Singh Karun K. , Singh Shiva M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSexual dimorphism or sex bias in diseases and mental disorders have two biological causes: sexual selection and sex hormones. We review the role of sexual selection theory and bring together decades of molecular studies on the variation and evolution of sex-biased genes and provide a theoretical basis for the causes of sex bias in disease and health. We present a Sexual Selection-Sex Hormone theory and show that male-driven evolution, including sexual selection, leads to: (1) increased male vulnerability due to negative pleiotropic effects associated with male-driven sexual selection and evolution; (2) increased rates of male-driven mutations and epimutations in response to early fitness gains and at the cost of late fitness; and (3) enhanced female immunity due to antagonistic responses to mutations that are beneficial to males but harmful to females, reducing female vulnerability to diseases and increasing the thresholds for disorders such as autism. Female-driven evolution, such as reproduction-related fluctuation in female sex hormones in association with stress and social condition, has been shown to be associated with increased risk of certain mental disorders such as major depression disorder in women. Bodies have history, cells have memories. An evolutionary framework, such as the Sexual Selection–Sex Hormone theory, provides a historical perspective for understanding how the differences in the sex-biased diseases and mental disorders have evolved over time. It has the potential to direct the development of novel preventive and treatment strategies.
Excimerlaser-gestützte DALK: Ein Fallbericht aus dem Homburger Keratokonus Center (HKC)
Authors: Daas Loay , Hamon Loïc , Ardjomand Navid , Safi Tarek , Seitz Berthold 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Indikationen
Ziel der Excimerlaser-gestützten DALK (Excimer-DALK) ist, wie bei der mechanischen DALK, die Behandlung von Keratektasien (Keratokonus und pellucide marginale Degeneration), stromalen Narben oder stromalen Hornhautdystrophien. Voraussetzung für die Operation ist die Abwesenheit von (prä)descemetalen Narben sowie ein gesundes Endothel.

Operationstechnik
Nach der Excimerlaser-gestützten Trepanation auf 80 % der kornealen Dicke an der Trepanationsstelle, einer intrastromalen Lufteingabe (sog. „Big-Bubble“) sowie einer lamellären Hornhautpräparation erfolgt eine lamelläre anteriore Transplantation des endothelfreien Spendergewebes. Diese Technik kombiniert die Vorteile einer DALK und einer Excimerlaser-Trepanation. Wir beschreiben die Schritte einer Excimer-DALK aus unserem Homburger Keratokonus Center (HKC).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Excimer-DALK stellt bei Patienten mit gutem Endothel eine gute Behandlungsmöglichkeit dar. Bei einer intraoperativen Perforation bleibt die Möglichkeit einer sog. Konversion zur Excimer-PKP mit allen Vorteilen der Excimerlaser-Trepanation.
Effect of low-iron micronutrient powder (MNP) on the composition of gut microbiota of Bangladeshi children in a high-iron groundwater setting: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahman Sabuktagin , Kortman Guus A. M. , Boekhorst Jos , Lee Patricia , Khan Moududur R. , Ahmed Faruk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse effects of iron fortification/supplements such as Micronutrient Powder (MNP) on gut microbiota have previously been found in infection-prone African settings. This study examined the adversaries of a low-iron MNP compared with the standard MNP on the composition of gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children exposed to a high concentration of iron from potable groundwater.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2- to 5-year-old children, drinking groundwater with a high concentration of iron (≥ 2 mg/L). Children were randomized to receive one sachet per day of either standard MNP (12.5 mg iron) or low-iron MNP (5 mg iron), for 2 months. A sub-sample of 53 children was considered for paired assessment of the gut microbiome by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Results
At baseline, the gut microbiota consisted of Bifidobacteriaceae (15.6%), Prevotellaceae (12.2%), Lactobacillaceae (3.6%), Clostridiaceae (4.1%) and Enterobacteriaceae (2.8%). Overall, there was no significant treatment effect of the low-iron MNP compared to the standard MNP. However, an apparent treatment effect was observed in children with a relative adult-like microbiota, with a higher relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae after receiving the standard MNP compared to the low-iron MNP. This effect, however, was statistically non-significant (p = 0.07).

Conclusion
In Bangladeshi children drinking iron-rich groundwater, a low-iron MNP supplementation did not have a significant impact on their gut microbiota profile/composition compared to the standard MNP.
The trial registration number is ISRCTN60058115; Date of registration 03/07/2019; retrospectively registered.
Self-reported taste and smell alterations and the liking of oral nutritional supplements with sensory-adapted flavors in cancer patients receiving systemic antitumor treatment
Authors: de Haan Jacco J. , Renken Remco J. , Moshage Yvette , Kluifhooft Daniëlle A. , Corbier Camille , Daly Louise E. , Blanchard Hélène , Reyners Anna K. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Taste and smell alterations (TAs and SAs) are often reported by patients with cancer receiving systemic antitumor therapy and can negatively impact food intake and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of TAs and SAs and investigate the impact of TAs on overall liking of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) with warming and cooling sensations.

Methods
Patients receiving systemic antitumor therapy completed a questionnaire on sensory alterations and evaluated overall liking of 5 prototype flavors of Nutridrink® Compact Protein (hot tropical ginger (HTG), hot mango (HM), cool red fruits (CRF), cool lemon (CL), and neutral (N)) on a 10-point scale via a sip test. Differences between patients with and without TAs were investigated using permutation analysis.

Results
Fifty patients with various cancer types and treatments were included. Thirty patients (60%) reported TAs and 13 (26%) experienced SAs. Three flavors were rated highly with a liking score > 6 (CRF 6.8 ± 1.7; N 6.5 ± 1.9; HTG 6.0 ± 2.0). Larger variation in ONS liking scores was observed in patients with TAs with or without SAs (4.5–6.9 and 4.6–7.2, respectively) vs. patients without TAs (5.9–6.5). TAs were associated with increased liking of CRF (Δ = + 0.9) and N (Δ = + 1.0) flavors.

Conclusions
TAs and SAs are common in patients with cancer undergoing systemic antitumor therapy. Patients with TAs were more discriminant in liking of ONS flavors compared to patients without TAs, and sensory-adapted flavors appeared to be appreciated. The presence of TAs should be considered when developing or selecting ONS for patients with cancer.

Trial registration
Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03525236) on 26 April 2018.
Unsupervised detection of botnet activities using frequent pattern tree mining
Authors: Hao Siqiang , Liu Di , Baldi Simone , Yu Wenwu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA botnet is a network of remotely-controlled infected computers that can send spam, spread viruses, or stage denial-of-service attacks, without the consent of the computer owners. Since the beginning of the 21st century, botnet activities have steadily increased, becoming one of the major concerns for Internet security. In fact, botnet activities are becoming more and more difficult to be detected, because they make use of Peer-to-Peer protocols (eMule, Torrent, Frostwire, Vuze, Skype and many others). To improve the detectability of botnet activities, this paper introduces the idea of association analysis in the field of data mining, and proposes a system to detect botnets based on the FP-growth (Frequent Pattern Tree) frequent item mining algorithm. The detection system is composed of three parts: packet collection processing, rule mining, and statistical analysis of rules. Its characteristic feature is the rule-based classification of different botnet behaviors in a fast and unsupervised fashion. The effectiveness of the approach is validated in a scenario with 11 Peer-to-Peer host PCs, 42063 Non-Peer-to-Peer host PCs, and 17 host PCs with three different botnet activities (Storm, Waledac and Zeus). The recognition accuracy of the proposed architecture is shown to be above 94%. The proposed method is shown to improve the results reported in literature.
Rapid and sensitive analysis of benzyl isothiocyanate in peel, pulp, and seeds of Carica papaya Linn. by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Yinzheng , Wen Yingying , Chen Jinping , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haiying , Sui Jinlei , Yi Guohui , He Xiaowen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA rapid and sensitive headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) method was established for the determination of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the peel, pulp, and seeds of Carica papaya Linn. Tween 80 solution with a concentration of 0.002% (w/v) was chosen as a headspace medium for solving the poor solubility of BITC in water without using organic solvents and ensuring high headspace efficiencies. Extraction parameters had been evaluated and optimized by using an orthogonal design with an OA9(34) table. Optimal headspace conditions were obtained when vials were equilibrated at 80 °C for 20 min at a stirring speed of 375 rpm. The calibration curve obtained by using GC–MS was linear in a concentration range of 10–320 ng/mL. The recoveries of peel, pulp, and seeds ranged from 97.3 to 100.6% with RSDs less than 3.0%. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly. It is suitable for analyzing BITC in papaya fruit and is expected to have important application potential in the extraction of water-insoluble volatile components in foods, plants, medicines, and other samples.
Precipitation and temperature response to sea salt injection into low marine clouds over West Africa
Authors: Adeniyi Mojisola O. , Bassey Blessing E. I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSea salt injection into the tropical marine clouds is evaluated for its potentials to reduce the negative impact of the prevailing global warming over West Africa. Radiative forcing is determined as the intercept of the regression of response of radiation parameter to that of surface air temperature. The seasonal responses of temperature and precipitation to geoengineering over West Africa are analysed using temperature and precipitation outputs from IPSL-M5A-LR with three different forcing scenarios. The three scenarios are historical greenhouse gas concentrations, Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 W/m2 scenario (RCP4.5) and combination of RCP4.5 and geoengineering forcing (sea salt climate engineering, G5). 20-year means in the middle of G5 (2045–2064) are considered for the future period, and the historical climatology from 1986 to 2005 is used. Net downward flux and top of atmosphere outgoing shortwave radiation have negative forcing only at the western Sahel. The G5 reduces the warming in the RCP4.5 scenario over the whole of West Africa. It also shifts ITCZ northward with respect to RCP4.5, thereby increasing wetness over most of the land areas. The areas with wetness response have anomalous westerly with respect to RCP 4.5 and latitudinal location below anomalous easterly wind. Results show that G5 is effective in reducing the RCP4.5 projected warming up to 1.2 K and increasing wetness over most land areas. The G5 has a damaging effect on the temperature pattern at the southern ocean and coastal areas, while it has damaging effect on precipitation patterns at some parts of the Sahel.
Extinction and coming down from infinity of continuous-state branching processes with competition in a Lévy environment
Authors: Leman H. , Pardo J. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe are interested in the property of coming down from infinity of continuous-state branching processes with competition in a Lévy environment. We first study the event of extinction for such a family of processes under Grey’s condition. Moreover, if we add an integrability condition on the competition mechanism then the process comes down from infinity regardless of the long-time behaviour of the environment.
On the Localization in Strongly Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation Using a Two‐Scale Lorenz Model
Authors: Shen Zheqi , Tang Youmin , Li Xiaojing , Gao Yanqiu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor coupled numerical models with different components (domains), there are two kinds of assimilation strategies applied for producing ocean analysis and initial condition of predictions: the strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) and weakly coupled data assimilation (WCDA). The former needs to accurately estimate cross‐component error covariances, which is much challenging, especially when a small ensemble size's Kalman filter‐based algorithm is used and a coupled model has the components of different spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we propose a new scheme for the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) to address cross‐component localization, a critical issue in estimating the cross‐component error covariance in SCDA, based on a two‐scale Lorenz ’96 coupled mode with different temporal and spatial scales. Emphasis places on designing the cross‐component localization factors in the framework of multiple spatial scales. The result shows that the SCDA can provide much more accurate estimations of the states than the WCDA when the new proposed cross‐component localization is used. A further analysis reveals that the advantage of the SCDA over the WCDA is attributed to the assimilation of observations from the small‐scale model in the coupled system, whereas the contribution of the assimilation of observations from the large‐scale model is not obvious. This study offers a useful technique to develop SCDA system in operational prediction models, which is being pursued in the prediction community.