bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirtuin 1 ameliorates defenestration in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver fibrosis via inhibiting stress‐induced premature senescence
Authors: Luo Xiaoying , Bai Yangqiu , He Shuli , Sun Suofeng , Jiang Xiaoke , Yang Zhiyu , Lu Di , Wei Peiru , Liang Yuan , Peng Cong , Wang Yaru , Sheng Ruli , Han Shuangyin , Li Xiuling , Zhang Bingyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePremature senescence is related to progerin and involves in endothelial dysfunction and liver diseases. Activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) ameliorates liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms of premature senescence in defenestration of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) and how SIRT1 affects HSECs fenestrae remain elusive.MethodsWe employed the CCl4‐induced liver fibrogenesis rat models and cultured primary HSECs in vitro, administered with the SIRT1‐adenovirus vector, the activator of SIRT1 and knockdown NOX2. We measured the activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) in HSECs. Meanwhile, the protein expression of SIRT1, NOX2, progerin, Lamin A/C, Ac p53 K381 and total p53 was detected by Western blot, co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.ResultsIn vivo, premature senescence was triggered by oxidative stress during CCl4‐induced HSECs defenestration and liver fibrogenesis, whereas overexpressing SIRT1 with adenovirus vector lessened premature senescence to relieve CCl4‐induced HSECs defenestration and liver fibrosis. In vitro, HSECs fenestrae disappeared, with emerging progerin‐associated premature senescence; these effects were aggravated by H2O2. Nevertheless, knockdown of NOX2, activation of SIRT1 with resveratrol and SIRT1‐adenovirus vector inhibited progerin‐associated premature senescence to maintain fenestrae through deacetylating p53. Furthermore, more Ac p53 K381 and progerin co‐localized with the abnormal accumulation of actin filament (F‐actin) in the nuclear envelope of H2O2‐treated HSECs; in contrast, these effects were rescued by overexpressing SIRT1.ConclusionSIRT1‐mediated deacetylation maintains HSECs fenestrae and attenuates liver fibrogenesis through inhibiting oxidative stress‐induced premature senescence.
CTGF facilitates cell‐cell communication in chondrocytes via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Wu Zuping , Zhou Chenchen , Yuan Quan , Zhang Demao , Xie Jing , Zou Shujuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposesGap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is essential for articular cartilage to respond appropriately to physical or biological stimuli and maintain homeostasis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), identified as an endochondral ossification genetic factor, plays a vital role in cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. However, how CTGF regulates GJIC in chondrocytes is still unknown. This study aims to explore the effects of CTGF on GJIC in chondrocytes and its potential biomechanism.Materials and methodsqPCR was performed to determine the expression of gene profile in the CCN family in chondrocytes. After CTGF treatment, CCK‐8 assay and scratch assay were performed to explore cell proliferation and migration. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was adopted to visualize GJIC in living chondrocytes. Western blot analysis was done to detect the expression of Cx43 and PI3K/Akt signalling. Immunofluorescence staining was used to show protein distribution. siRNA targeting CTGF was used to detect the influence on cell‐cell communication.ResultsThe CTGF (CCN2) was shown to be the highest expressed member of the CCN family in chondrocytes. CTGF facilitated functional gap junction intercellular communication in chondrocytes through up‐regulation of Cx43 expressions. CTGF activated PI3K/Akt signalling to promote Akt phosphorylation and translocation. Suppressing CTGF also reduced the expression of Cx43. The inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling decreased the expressions of Cx43 and thus impaired gap junction intercellular communication enhanced by CTGF.ConclusionsFor the first time, we provide evidence to show CTGF facilitates cell communication in chondrocytes via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (Mustelaspp.) produces an insular endemic
Authors: Colella Jocelyn P. , Frederick Lindsey M. , Talbot Sandra L. , Cook Joseph A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimRefugial isolation during glaciation is an established driver of speciation; however, the opposing role of interglacial population expansion, secondary contact, and gene flow on the diversification process remains less understood. The consequences of glacial cycling on diversity are complex and especially so for archipelago species, which experience dramatic fluctuations in connectivity in response to both lower sea levels during glacial events and increased fragmentation during glacial recession. We test whether extended refugial isolation has led to the divergence of genetically and morphologically distinct species within Holarctic ermine (Mustela erminea), a small cosmopolitan carnivore species that harbours 34 extant subspecies, 14 of which are insular endemics.LocationHolarctic.MethodsWe use genetic sequences (complete mitochondrial genomes, four nuclear genes) from >100 ermine (stoats) and geometric morphometric data for >200 individuals (27 of the 34 extant subspecies) from across their Holarctic range to provide an integrative perspective on diversification and endemism across this complex landscape. Multiple species delimitation methods (iBPP,bPTP) assessed congruence between morphometric and genetic data.ResultsOur results support the recognition of at least three species within theM. ermineacomplex, coincident with three of four genetic clades, tied to diversification in separate glacial refugia. We found substantial geographic variation within each species, with geometric morphometric results largely consistent with historical infraspecific taxonomy.Main conclusionsPhylogeographic structure mirrors patterns of diversification in other Holarctic species, with a major Nearctic‐Palearctic split, but with greater intraspecific morphological diversity. Recognition of insular endemic speciesM. haidarumis consistent with a deep history of refugial persistence and highlights the urgency of mindful management of island populations along North America's North Pacific Coast. Significant environmental modification (e.g. industrial‐scale logging, mining) has been proposed for a number of these islands, which may elevate the risk of extinction of insular palaeoendemics.
Turnover rates for muscle, mucus and ovary tissues of ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) in multiple stages determined through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses
Authors: Sawada Hayato , Fujiwara Sohei , Tanaka Ryusei , Yonekura Ryuji , Maruyama Atsushi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStable isotope ratios are powerful indicators that facilitate the understanding of the diet shifts and between‐habitat migration of aquatic animals. However, isotopic change rate can be variable even between the life stages of a single species, which affects field data interpretation. We conducted diet‐switch experiments to compare the δ13C and δ15N changes in multiple tissues between the growing and reproductive stages of ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis). Isotopic changes in the muscle and mucus tissues were faster in the growing stage than in the reproductive stage. Isotopic change in the muscle tissue during the reproductive stage was caused mainly by whole‐body growth, whereas allometric growth and/or catabolic turnover rather than whole‐body growth accounted more for the isotopic changes in mucus tissue during both stages. Isotopic change was slower in muscle, mucus and ovary tissues, in that order, probably according to the allometric growth and/or catabolic turnover of each tissue. Our investigation showed that the timing of drastic changes differed between the δ13C and δ15N values, as the first report of the isotopic change in the fish ovary tissue, which suggests that the δ13C and δ15N values in the ovary tissue may reflect diets and/or habitats of different time scales. Trophic discrimination factors varied between tissues examined. Our results allowed for accurate applications of multiple‐tissue isotope analysis to our target fish over all stages. Such approaches to any fish species are more accurate when considering the variability of isotopic changes between and within stages.
Differential contribution of CB1, CB2, 5‐HT1A, and PPAR‐γ receptors to cannabidiol effects on ischemia‐induced emotional and cognitive impairments
Authors: Mori Marco Aurélio , Meyer Erika , da Silva Francielly F. , Milani Humberto , Guimarães Francisco Silveira , Oliveira Rúbia Maria Weffort 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn ever‐increasing body of preclinical studies has shown the multifaceted neuroprotective profile of cannabidiol (CBD) against impairments caused by cerebral ischemia. In this study, we have explored the neuropharmacological mechanisms of CBD action and its impact on functional recovery using a model of transient global cerebral ischemia in mice. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min and received vehicle or CBD (10 mg/Kg) 0.5 hr before and 3, 24, and 48 hr after reperfusion. To investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms of CBD, the animals were injected with CB1 (AM251, 1 mg/kg), CB2 (AM630, 1 mg/kg), 5‐HT1A (WAY‐100635, 10 mg/kg), or PPAR‐γ (GW9662, 3 mg/kg) receptor antagonists 0.5 hr prior to each injection of CBD. The animals were evaluated using a multi‐task testing battery that included the open field, elevated zero maze, Y‐maze (YM), and forced swim test. CBD prevented anxiety‐like behavior, memory impairments, and despair‐like behaviors induced by BCCAO in mice. The anxiolytic‐like effects of CBD in BCCAO mice were attenuated by CB1, CB2, 5‐HT1A, and PPAR‐γ receptor antagonists. In the YM, both CBD and the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 increased the exploration of the novel arm in ischemic animals, indicating beneficial effects of these treatments in the spatial memory performance. Together, these findings indicate the involvement of CB1, CB2, 5‐HT1A, and PPAR‐γ receptors in the functional recovery induced by CBD in BCCAO mice.
Approximation of emicizumab plasma levels in emergency situations. A practical approach
Authors: Pekrul Isabell , Pfrepper Christian , Calatzis Geli , Giebl Andreas , Siegemund Annelie , Grützner Stefanie , Spannagl Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionA dedicated emicizumab assay based on the modified one‐stage factor VIII (FVIII) assay (mOSA) is mainly available in haemophilia treatment centres (HTC). A method to estimate emicizumab plasma levels based on a widely available assay would be desirable, especially for emergency situations.AimA method for emicizumab plasma level approximation (ELA) using a routine FVIII activity measurement with standard one‐stage assay (sOSA) was developed and evaluated.MethodWithin this pilot study, 59 samples from patients with severe haemophilia A with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) inhibitors under emicizumab treatment were analysed using sOSA following a manual 1:8 sample pre‐test dilution with saline. The sOSA was determined in two different laboratories, using two different analyser platforms each.ResultsThe results demonstrated an excellent correlation of approximated emicizumab plasma levels (ELA) with the emicizumab plasma concentration determined with mOSA (r > .9; p < .05). The ELA showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 89.6% to predict a pre‐defined cut‐off‐value of ≤30 µg/ml for the discrimination between subtherapeutic and therapeutic emicizumab plasma levels.ConclusionApproximation of emicizumab levels by standard one‐stage FVIII assay discriminates between subtherapeutic and therapeutic emicizumab levels and might facilitate clinical decision‐making in emergency situations, such as bleeding, trauma or urgent surgery in case that dedicated emicizumab assays are not available.
An audit of disseminated intravascular coagulation screen requests at an academic hospital laboratory in central South Africa
Authors: Haupt Leriska , Vieira Mario , Brits Hanti , de Beer Jaco , Erasmus Etienne , Esterhuyse Wian , Fraser Ruben , Joubert Gina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a feared complication of various systemic illnesses. We aimed to evaluate the laboratory requesting practices of clinicians, especially concerning the laboratory parameters, included in the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) DIC score.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study was performed and included data from DIC screen requests analysed at Universitas National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) laboratory, Bloemfontein, South Africa, for one calendar year. Laboratory request forms were analysed, recording the pretest diagnosis and whether the diagnosis was associated with DIC. Parameters of the DIC screen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, d‐dimer and fibrinogen were used to calculate the ITSH DIC score and diagnose heparin contamination. The platelet count, currently not part of the DIC screen test set, was also recorded.ResultsA total of 778 DIC screen requests were processed. One hundred and eighty‐three requests were excluded due to laboratory‐defined rejection criteria, heparin contamination or for lacking an ISTH score parameter. Of the remaining 595 complete requests, 283 (47.7%) were laboratory‐defined overt DIC. The pretest diagnosis was not predictive of either a positive or negative finding of overt DIC. The contribution of fibrinogen to assigning overt DIC was questionable.ConclusionThe number of DIC screen requests received highlights the need for laboratory evidence of DIC. To improve laboratory DIC testing, the authors suggest critical evaluation of the contribution of the pretest diagnosis and fibrinogen in a prospective study and adding the platelet count in our local DIC test set.
Cow‐calf Relationships in Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa)
Authors: Langman V. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe duration and intensity of the cow‐calf bond during lying out, calving pools and nursery herds has been analysed in a wild population of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). Field behaviour observations were made on naturally marked and radio‐collared giraffe. Radio‐tracking was used to follow and observe giraffe of a known age for up to 1½ years. The giraffe calf participates in various calf sub‐groups while the cow travels to browse and water. A strong maternal bond exists between the giraffe cow and calf until the cow's next calving.ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der Mutter‐Kind‐Beziehung bei Giraffen (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) von der Geburt bis zur Trennung von Mutter und Kind wurde beobachtet und in 3 Entwicklungsabschnitte unterteilt: 1. Absonderung des ruhenden Kalbes während der ersten bis dritten Woche nach der Geburt; 2. Säugegruppen, Geburtsgruppen und Gruppen abgesondert ruhender Kälber; 3. Trennung von Mutter und Kalb vor der nächsten Geburt. Entwöhnt werden Giraffen mit 6–8 Monaten; die Kuh‐Kalb‐Beziehungen dauern 14–16 Monate. Der durchschnittliche Anteil von Liegen (78%), Fressen (19%) und Säugen (2%) an der Gesamtaktivität ganz junger Giraffen unterschied diese von halbwüchsigen Giraffen, welche 80% ihrer täglichen Aktivität mit Fressen, 19% mit Liegen und 1% mit Säugen verbrachten.
Feasibility of combining heart rate variability and electrochemical skin conductance as screening and severity evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lai Yun‐Ru , Huang Chih‐Cheng , Cheng Ben‐Chung , Tsai Nai‐Wen , Chiu Wen‐Chan , Chang Hsueh‐Wen , Chen Jung‐Fu , Lu Cheng‐Hsien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionClinical studies show that either heart rate variability (HRV) or electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) alone can serve as a simple and objective method for screening cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We tested the hypothesis that combining these two quantitative approaches can not only reinforce accuracy in CAN screening but also provide a better estimate of CAN severity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had already had CAN in outpatient clinics.Materials and MethodsEach patient received a complete battery of cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs), with ESC measured by SUDOSCAN, time domain of HRV measured by standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain of HRV (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF/HF ratio), and peripheral blood studies for vascular risk factors. Severity of CAN was measured by CAN score.ResultsThe 90 T2DM patients included 50 males and 40 females. Those with more severe CAN had lower values in feet ESC (P = 0.023) and SDNN (P < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis also showed that feet ESC and SDNN value (P = 0.003 and P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with CAN score. Combining SDNN and feet ESC also can increase the diagnostic accuracy of CAN with respective to sensitivity and specificity by using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ConclusionsCombining the results of SDNN and feet ESC can not only assess, but also quantitatively reflect the progress or improvement of autonomic nerve function (including sympathetic and parasympathetic activity) in patients with T2DM.
COVID 19: Ethical dilemmas in human lives
Authors: Bustan Smadar , Nacoti Mirco , Botbol‐Baum Mylene , Fischkoff Katherine , Charon Rita , Madé Laure , Simon Jeremy R. , Kritzinger Meinhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn 7 May 2020, Columbia University Global Centers hosted an online international symposium on ethical dilemmas during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This interdisciplinary engagement between philosophers and Covid medical professionals reports the challenges as well as the discrepancies between ethical guidelines and reality. This collection of presentations identifies four key ethical dilemmas regarding responsibility, fairness, dignity and honouring death. In looking into accountability and consistency in medical humanities, it examines whether the contextuality of coronavirus across countries and cultures affected the ethical decision‐making processes. This work aims to provide a seminal resource for the development of a high‐quality roadmap in medical ethics for future health crises.
Aerosol and spatter mitigation in dentistry: Analysis of the effectiveness of 13 setups
Authors: Comisi John C. , Ravenel Theodore D. , Kelly Abigail , Teich Sorin T. , Renne Walter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe current study aims to investigate the aerosol and spatter mitigation quality of 13 dry‐field isolation methods in a simulated setup that replicates real‐life work scenarios encountered in dental practices.MethodsA crown preparation on a manikin was performed on tooth number 30 and repeated five times for each setup to simulate a patient under care. Aerosol, environmental, and operator face shield spatter, and sound intensity was measured. Generalized linear mixed models were used, and posthoc pairwise comparisons were performed to compare least‐squares means when appropriate using a Tukey adjustment.ResultsAll tested setups showed some environmental spatter formation; however, these were able to control most (and in some cases all) spatter on the operator face shield. All methods resulted in excellent aerosol mitigation when a second line of high‐volume evacuation (HVE) was added to the device setup. However, in most setups, total sound levels exceeded 85 dB, posing a concern for prolonged noise exposure.ConclusionsThe Prototype device and four other tested setups with secondary HVE addition completely eliminated aerosol creation as tested. Spatter of the Face Shield was best eliminated using the Prototype device.Clinical SignificanceWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the dental community has at its disposal equipment that can effectively mitigate aerosol and spatter.
Feasibility of a syndrome‐informed micro‐intervention for infants with Down syndrome
Authors: Fidler D. J. , Schworer E. K. , Needham A. , Prince M. A. , Patel L. , Will E. A. , Daunhauer L. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfants with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for a range of phenotypic outcomes, including delays in the onset of reaching behaviour, a critical skill that facilitates early learning. This parallel‐group feasibility and pilot study presents findings from a parent‐mediated micro‐intervention that aimed to support the development of reaching behaviour in a sample of infants with DS.MethodsParticipants were 73 infants with DS and their caregivers. Infants who qualified for the home‐based intervention (based on manual skill performance on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition items) were randomly assigned individually or by geographical region to a treatment or an alternative treatment condition that involved toy‐based interactions with caregivers. Infants in the treatment condition experienced facilitated reaching during the toy‐based interactions through the use of Velcro‐affixed mittens and toys.ResultsForty‐two infants met criteria to participate in the intervention, and 37 participated in both baseline and post‐treatment visits. At post‐treatment, infants in the treatment condition demonstrated shorter latencies to make contact with objects and showed higher frequencies of reach attempts and swats at objects than infants in the alternative treatment group. These findings were more pronounced when examining a chronological age‐restricted subgroup of infants 5 to 10 months.ConclusionsFindings suggest that a syndrome‐informed approach to targeted intervention may be a promising application of phenotyping science in DS and other neurogenetic conditions associated with intellectual disability.
Mediating Effects of Anger Expression in the Relationship of Work Stress with Burnout among Hospital Nurses Depending on Career Experience
Authors: Lee Hye Yeong , Jang Mi Heui , Jeong Yoo Mi , Sok Sohyune R. , Kim Ae Sil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the mediating effects of anger expression in the relationship between work stress and burnout among nurses with more than or less than 3 years of career experience.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 454 nurses working at three university hospitals in South Korea. Nurses completed a survey consisting of demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Work Stress Scale, and the Korean version of the Anger Expression Inventory. A multiple‐group mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results: In total (N = 454), work stress directly affected burnout, and all anger expressions indirectly affected the relationship of work stress with burnout. Different mediating effects of anger expression style according to career experience were shown; anger‐out and anger‐in in nurses with less experience (n = 184) and only anger‐in in those with more experience (n = 270) partially mediated the relationship of work stress with burnout.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe indirect effect of anger‐in style was higher than other anger expression styles in all nurses; suppression of anger caused by work stress can increase burnout. Anger‐out played a functional role in the relationship of work stress with burnout among nurses who had less career experience. Therefore, to reduce burnout, creating a work environment with collaborative culture including authentic leadership and providing anger management programs will help to manage nurses’ anger properly. For new nurses, promoting work and life balance, and creating a culturally empowering work environment to help them use anger‐out expression constructively, are important to reduce burnout.