bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Mis)Attributing the Causes of American Job Loss
Authors: Mutz Diana C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What difference does it make if people attribute the loss of manufacturing jobs to trade as opposed to automation? Attributions of responsibility for social problems help shape mass opinion. In this study I use two experiments, including one nationally representative probability survey-experiment, to examine the consequences of attributing job loss to trade versus automation. Findings suggest that as of 2018, public discourse attributes manufacturing job loss in America primarily to trade. When I experimentally manipulate attributions of responsibility for job loss, I find important consequences for levels of mass support for international trade, the extent of negative emotions arising from job loss, and beliefs that trade restrictions and tariffs can bring back manufacturing jobs. Finally, job loss that is attributed to trade—even when it is a single job loss—also serves as a threat to the national ingroup, which triggers a heightened sense of national superiority among white Americans.
COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries
Authors: Tan Eng Hooi , Sena Anthony G , Prats-Uribe Albert , You Seng Chan , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Kostka Kristin , Reich Christian , Duvall Scott L , Lynch Kristine E , Matheny Michael E , Duarte-Salles Talita , Bertolin Sergio Fernandez , Hripcsak George , Natarajan Karthik , Falconer Thomas , Spotnitz Matthew , Ostropolets Anna , Blacketer Clair , Alshammari Thamir M , Alghoul Heba , Alser Osaid , Lane Jennifer C E , Dawoud Dalia M , Shah Karishma , Yang Yue , Zhang Lin , Areia Carlos , Golozar Asieh , Recalde Martina , Casajust Paula , Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Subbian Vignesh , Vizcaya David , Lai Lana Y H , Nyberg Fredrik , Morales Daniel R , Posada Jose D , Shah Nigam H , Gong Mengchun , Vivekanantham Arani , Abend Aaron , Minty Evan P , Suchard Marc , Rijnbeek Peter , Ryan Patrick B , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Patients with autoimmune diseases were advised to shield to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but information on their prognosis is lacking. We characterized 30-day outcomes and mortality after hospitalization with COVID-19 among patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, and compared outcomes after hospital admissions among similar patients with seasonal influenza.

Methods
A multinational network cohort study was conducted using electronic health records data from Columbia University Irving Medical Center [USA, Optum (USA), Department of Veterans Affairs (USA), Information System for Research in Primary Care-Hospitalization Linked Data (Spain) and claims data from IQVIA Open Claims (USA) and Health Insurance and Review Assessment (South Korea). All patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, diagnosed and/or hospitalized between January and June 2020 with COVID-19, and similar patients hospitalized with influenza in 2017–18 were included. Outcomes were death and complications within 30 days of hospitalization.

Results
We studied 133 589 patients diagnosed and 48 418 hospitalized with COVID-19 with prevalent autoimmune diseases. Most patients were female, aged ≥50 years with previous comorbidities. The prevalence of hypertension (45.5–93.2%), chronic kidney disease (14.0–52.7%) and heart disease (29.0–83.8%) was higher in hospitalized vs diagnosed patients with COVID-19. Compared with 70 660 hospitalized with influenza, those admitted with COVID-19 had more respiratory complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and higher 30-day mortality (2.2–4.3% vs 6.32–24.6%).

Conclusion
Compared with influenza, COVID-19 is a more severe disease, leading to more complications and higher mortality.
Comparing cost-utility of DMARDs in autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Nathalie Luurssen-Masurel , Mulligen Van Elise , Maria Weel Angelique Elisabeth Adriana , Wilhelmina Hazes Johanna Maria , Pieter de Jong Pascal Hendrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the 1-year cost-effectiveness between three different initial treatment strategies in autoantibody-negative RA patients, according to 2010 criteria.MethodsFor this analysis we selected all RA patients within the intermediate probability stratum of the treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort (tREACH) trial. The tREACH had a treat-to-target approach, aiming for low DAS &lt;2.4, and treatment adjustments could occur every 3 months. Initial treatment strategies consisted of MTX 25 mg/week (initial MTX, iMTX), iHCQ 400 mg/day or an oral glucocorticoids tapering scheme without DMARDs (iGCs). Data on quality-adjusted life-years, measured with the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L), healthcare and productivity costs were used.ResultsAverage quality-adjusted life-years (s.d.), for iMTX, iHCQ and iGCs were respectively 0.71 (0.14), 0.73 (0.14) and 0.71 (0.15). The average total costs (s.d.) for iMTX, iHCQ and iGCs were, respectively, €10 832 (14.763), €11 208 (12.801) and €10 502 (11.973). Healthcare costs were mainly determined by biological costs, which were significantly lower in the iHCQ group compared with iGCs (P &lt; 0.05). However, costs due to presenteeism were the highest in the iHCQ group (55%) followed by iMTX (27%) and iGCs (18%). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios did not differ between treatment strategies. At a willingness-to-pay level of €50 000, the Dutch threshold for reimbursement of medical care, iHCQ had the highest probability (38.7%) of being cost-effective, followed by iGCs (31.1%) and iMTX (30.2%).ConclusioniHCQ had the lowest healthcare and highest productivity costs, resulting in a non-significant incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. However, iHCQ had the highest chance of being cost-effective at the Dutch willingness-to-pay threshold for healthcare reimbursement. Therefore, we believe that iHCQ is a good alternative to iMTX in autoantibody-negative RA patients, but validation is needed.Clinical trial registration numberISRCTN26791028
Associations between longitudinal trajectories of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with objective physical function in postmenopausal women: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Kline Christopher E , Colvin Alicia B , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A , Cauley Jane A , Hall Martica H , Matthews Karen A , Ruppert Kristine M , Neal-Perry Genevieve S , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Sternfeld Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesExamine the association between trajectories of self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleep duration over 13 years with objective physical function.MethodsWe utilized data from 1,627 Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation participants, aged 61.9 ± 2.7 years at the end of the 13-year follow-up. Latent class growth models identified trajectories of insomnia symptoms (trouble falling asleep, frequent night-time awakenings, and/or early morning awakening) and sleep duration over 13 years. Physical function tests were performed at the end of the 13-year period: 40-ft walk, 4-m walk, repeated chair stand, grip strength, and balance. Multivariable regression analyses examined each physical function measure according to the insomnia symptom or sleep duration trajectory group.ResultsFive insomnia symptom trajectories and two sleep duration trajectories were identified. Women with a consistently high likelihood of insomnia symptoms and women with a decreased likelihood of insomnia symptoms (i.e. improving) had slower gait speed (3.5% slower 40-ft walk [consistently high], 3.7% slower 4-m walk [improving]; each p ≤ .05) than those with a consistently low likelihood of insomnia symptoms. In contrast, women with a steep increase in the likelihood of insomnia symptoms over time and women with persistent insufficient sleep duration had lower odds of having a balance problem (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36 and OR = 0.61, respectively; each p &lt; .02) compared to those with a consistently low likelihood of insomnia symptoms and those with persistent sufficient sleep duration, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that women’s sleep during midlife has important implications for maintaining physical function during the transition into older adulthood.
Effects of conditioning temperature and pellet mill die speed on pellet quality and relative stabilities of phytase and xylanase
Authors: Evans Caitlin E , Saensukjaroenphon Marut , Gebhardt Jordan T , Stark Charles R , Paulk Chad B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of conditioning temperature and die speed on pellet quality and enzyme stability of phytase and xylanase. Treatments were initially arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial of conditioning temperature (74 and 85 °C) and die speed (127, 190, and 254 rpm); however, when conditioning at 85 °C, it was not possible to pellet at 127 rpm. Thus, data were analyzed in two different segments using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. First, linear and quadratic contrasts were utilized to test the response to increasing die speed at 74 °C. Second, the data was analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial of conditioning temperature (74 and 85 °C) and die speed (190 and 254 rpm). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Diets were conditioned for approximately 30 s and pelleted with a 4.8-mm-diameter × 44.5-mm-effective length die at a rate of 4.5 MT/h. Pellet durability index (PDI) was determined using the tumble box and Holmen NHP 100 methods. Samples of the unconditioned mash (M), conditioned mash (CM), and pellets (P) were collected and analyzed for phytase and xylanase concentration. Relative enzyme stabilities were expressed as CM:M, P:CM, and P:M. Stabilities expressed as P:M were used an indication of enzyme stability through the entire pelleting process. Diets conditioned at 74 °C showed no evidence of difference in phytase or xylanase P:M stability when decreasing die speed from 254 to 127 rpm. However, when conditioning diets at 74 °C, decreasing die speed increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) PDI. There was no conditioning temperature × die speed interaction for overall xylanase P:M stability or PDI. However, there was a conditioning temperature × die speed interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for phytase P:M stability. When conditioning diets at 85 °C, increasing die speed decreased phytase P:M stability. However, when conditioning at 74 °C, increasing die speed did not influence phytase P:M stability. For main effects of conditioning temperature, increasing temperature improved (P &lt; 0.001) PDI with no evidence of difference for xylanase P:M stability. For the main effects of die speed (254 vs. 190 rpm), decreasing die speed decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the P:M xylanase stability, but there was no evidence of difference for PDI. The results of this trial indicate that die speed should be taken into consideration when evaluating enzyme stability of both phytase and xylanase as pellet mill models may be operating at different speeds. Additionally, increasing conditioning temperature will improve PDI but may result in decreased phytase stability.
Effects of varying sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn on mineral status and preferential intake of salt-based supplements by beef cows and calves and rainfall-induced metal loss
Authors: Arthington John D , Silveira Maria L , Caramalac Luana S , Fernandes Henrique J , Heldt Jeff S , Ranches Juliana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three studies were completed to evaluate the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source on preferential intake, trace mineral status, and rainfall-induced metal loss of salt-based mineral supplements. Mineral supplements were formulated to contain 2,500, 5,500, and 4,000 mg/kg of Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively. Supplements differed only by source of Cu, Zn, and Mn, which were hydroxychloride, organic, or sulfate sources. In Exp. 1, the three formulations were offered simultaneously for 18 wk to preweaned beef calves (four pastures; 17 calves per pasture) within separate containers inside covered cow-exclusion areas. Consumption averaged 21 ± 2.4 g/calf daily (sum of all three sources), with a greater (P &lt; 0.001) percentage of the total intake coming from the hydroxychloride vs. organic or sulfate sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn. In Exp. 2, the same sulfate and hydroxychloride formulations were randomly assigned to pastures (n = 4 pastures per treatment) containing 18 to 20 cow–calf pairs/pasture. Treatments were offered for 20 wk within covered areas designed to assess cow and calf intake separately. At weaning, liver biopsies were collected from four cow–calf pairs/pasture (n = 16 cows and calves per treatment). Source of Cu, Zn, and Mn had no effect on voluntary mineral intake among calves (P = 0.44) and cows (P = 0.14). Calves consuming mineral containing hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn tended (P = 0.06) to have greater average daily gain over the 20-wk period compared with calves consuming sulfate sources of the same elements (1.09 vs. 1.06 kg/d; SEM = 0.013). Mineral status of cows and calves was not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by source of Cu, Zn, and Mn. In Exp. 3, each of the mineral formulations from Exp. 1 was exposed to a 10.2-cm precipitation event delivered in three equal 3.4-cm applications within a week. To accomplish this, 750 g of mineral was placed into Buchner funnels (177 cm2) on 20- to 25-µm pore filter paper. Deionized water (pH adjusted to 5.6) was poured over the mineral. Total leaching losses of Cu, Zn, and Mn were less (P &lt; 0.001) for formulations containing hydroxychloride vs. organic and sulfate sources. These results imply that, when offered a choice, calves preferentially consume mineral supplements formulated with hydroxychloride vs. sulfate or organic sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn. In addition, hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn are less susceptible to rainfall-induced leaching losses compared with sulfate and organic sources.
Association of Breastfeeding and Child IQ Score at Age 5 Years
Authors: Plunkett Beth A. , Mele Lisa , Casey Brian M. , Varner Michael W. , Sorokin Yoram , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Thorp John M. , Saade George R. , Tita Alan T.N. , Rouse Dwight J. , Sibai Baha , Mercer Brian M. , Tolosa Jorge E. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether breastfeeding and its duration are associated with a reduced risk of low IQ scores or other neurodevelopmental problems.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of two parallel multicenter, double-blinded randomized controlled trials in which participants with a singleton pregnancy and either subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia were treated with thyroxine or placebo. Our primary outcome was a low IQ score (less than 85 on the WPPSI-III [Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III] at age 5 years). Secondary outcomes included performance measures on other validated neurodevelopmental tests. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Stepwise backward proceeding linear and logistic regression models were used to develop the final adjusted models.

RESULTS:
Of the 772 participants studied, 614 (80%) reported breastfeeding. Of these, 31% reported breastfeeding for less than 4 months, 19% for 4–6 months, 11% for 7–9 months, 15% for 10–12 months and 23% for more than 12 months. IQ scores were available for 756 children; mean age-5 scores were higher with any breastfeeding (96.7±15.1) than without (91.2±15.0, mean difference 5.5, 95% CI 2.8–8.2), and low IQ scores were less frequent with any breastfeeding (21.5%) than with no breastfeeding (36.2%, odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.71). In adjusted analyses, breastfeeding remained associated with reduced odds of low IQ score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.93), and each additional month of breastfeeding was associated with lower odds of a low IQ scores (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.939–0.996). No significant associations between breastfeeding and other neurodevelopmental outcomes were identified in adjusted analyses.

CONCLUSION:
Breastfeeding and its duration are associated with lower odds of low IQ score at age 5 years.
Reciprocal interactions between osteoclasts and nociceptive sensory neurons in bone cancer pain
Authors: Andriessen Amanda S. , Donnelly Christopher R. , Ji Ru-Rong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many common cancers such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer metastasize to bones at advanced stages, producing severe pain and functional impairment. At present, the current pharmacotherapies available for bone cancer pain are insufficient to provide safe and efficacious pain relief. In this narrative review, we discuss the mechanisms used by cancer cells within the bone tumor microenvironment (TME) to drive bone cancer pain. In particular, we highlight the reciprocal interactions between tumor cells, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and pain-sensing sensory neurons (nociceptors), which drive bone cancer pain. We discuss how tumor cells present within the bone TME accelerate osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) and alter osteoclast activity and function. Furthermore, we highlight how this perturbed state of osteoclast overactivation contributes to bone cancer pain through (1) direct mechanisms, through their production of pronociceptive factors that act directly on sensory afferents; and (2) by indirect mechanisms, wherein osteoclasts drive bone resorption that weakens tumor-bearing bones and predisposes them to skeletal-related events, thereby driving bone cancer pain and functional impairment. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic agents, such as denosumab, bisphosphonates, and nivolumab, and discuss their respective effects on bone cancer pain, osteoclast overactivation, and tumor growth within the bone TME.
Sensory neuron–associated macrophages as novel modulators of neuropathic pain
Authors: Silva Conceição Elidianne Aníbal , Guimarães Rafaela Mano , Cunha Thiago Mattar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The peripheral nervous system comprises an infinity of neural networks that act in the communication between the central nervous system and the most diverse tissues of the body. Along with the extension of the primary sensory neurons (axons and cell bodies), a population of resident macrophages has been described. These newly called sensory neuron–associated macrophages (sNAMs) seem to play an essential role in physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection, autoimmunity, nerve degeneration/regeneration, and chronic neuropathic pain. After different types of peripheral nerve injury, there is an increase in the number and activation of sNAMs in the sciatic nerve and sensory ganglia. The activation of sNAMs and their participation in neuropathic pain development depends on the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors, chemokines/cytokines, and microRNAs. On activation, sNAMs trigger the production of critical inflammatory mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF and IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species that can act in the amplification of primary sensory neurons sensitization. On the other hand, there is evidence that sNAMs can produce antinociceptive mediators (eg, IL-10) that counteract neuropathic pain development. This review will present the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the participation of sNAMs in peripheral nerve injury–induced neuropathic pain development. Understanding how sNAMs are activated and responding to nerve injury can help set novel targets for the control of neuropathic pain.
Introduction for special issue on neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain
Authors: Malcangio Marzia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growing awareness of the critical role played by the innate and adaptive immune systems in the mechanisms underlying chronic pain has prompted further research examining the modalities by which immune cells communicate with neurones, the aim being to identify new players involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain signalling. This collection of research includes 9 articles on neuroimmune interactions as the underlying mechanisms for neuropathic pain including peripheral neuropathies, pain in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and bone cancer pain. The immune cells under scrutiny include macrophages, microglia, osteoclasts, and B cells, and their interactions with neurones in locations such as the dorsal root ganglia, blood–spinal cord barrier, spinal cord, and brain. Our hope is that this body of work may serve to furnish existing interest while also constituting a springboard of sorts for indispensable further investigation on neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain.
From the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 to neuropathic pain: a potentially novel target
Authors: García-Fernández Patricia , Üçeyler Nurcan , Sommer Claudia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This review describes the roles of the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP-1) in inflammatory pathways, nerve nerve degeneration and -regeneration and in neuropathic pain. Induction of LRP-1 is able to reduce the activation of the proinflammatory NFκB-mediated pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 signaling pathways, in turn decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation also decreases reactive astrogliosis and polarizes microglial cells and macrophages from a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), attenuating the neuroinflammatory environment. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 can also modulate the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and the blood–nerve barrier, thus regulating the infiltration of systemic insults and cells into the central and the peripheral nervous system, respectively. Furthermore, LRP-1 is involved in the maturation of oligodendrocytes and in the activation, migration, and repair phenotype of Schwann cells, therefore suggesting a major role in restoring the myelin sheaths upon injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation can indirectly decrease neurodegeneration and neuropathic pain by attenuation of the inflammatory environment. Moreover, LRP-1 agonists can directly promote neural cell survival and neurite sprouting, decrease cell death, and attenuate pain and neurological disorders by the inhibition of MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38-pathway and activation of MAPK extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway. In addition, activation of LRP-1 resulted in better outcomes for neuropathies such as Alzheimer disease, nerve injury, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy, attenuating neuropathic pain and improving cognitive functions. To summarize, LRP-1 plays an important role in the development of different experimental diseases of the nervous system, and it is emerging as a very interesting therapeutic target.