bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal genetic testing in 19 fetuses with corpus callosum abnormality
Authors: She Qin , Tang Erfang , Peng Cui , Wang Li , Wang Dandan , Tan Weihe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCorpus callosum abnormality (CCA) can lead to epilepsy, moderate severe neurologic or mental retardation. The prognosis of CCA is closely related to genetic etiology. However, copy number variations (CNVs) associated with fetal CCA are still limited and need to be further identified. Only a few scattered cases have been reported to diagnose CCA by whole exome sequencing (WES).MethodsKaryotyping analysis, copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and WES were parallelly performed for prenatal diagnosis of 19 CCA cases.ResultsThe total detection rate of karyotyping analysis, CMA (or CNV‐seq) and WES were 15.79% (3/19), 21.05% (4/19) and 40.00% (2/5), respectively. Two cases (case 11 and case 15) were diagnosed as aneuploidy (47, XY, + 13 and 47, XX, + 21) by karyotyping analysis and CNV‐seq. Karyotyping analysis revealed an unknown origin fragment (46,XY,add(13)(p11.2)) in case 3, which was further confirmed to originate from p13.3p11.2 of chromosome 17 by CNV‐seq. CMA revealed arr1q43q44 (238923617–246964774) × 1(8.04 Mb) in case 8 with a negative result of chromosome karyotype. WES revealed that 2 of 5 cases with negative results of karyotyping and CNV‐seq or CMA carried pathogenic genes ALDH7A1 and ARID1B.ConclusionParallel genetic tests showed that CNV‐seq and CMA are able to identify additional, clinically significant cytogenetic information of CCA compared to karyotyping; WES significantly improves the detection rate of genetic etiology of CCA. For the patients with a negative results of CNV‐seq or CMA, further WES test is recommended.
Obesity and long‐term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Akyea Ralph K. , Doehner Wolfram , Iyen Barbara , Weng Stephen F. , Qureshi Nadeem , Ntaios George 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between obesity, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and mortality in patients with incident stroke is not well established. We assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and MACE in patients with incident stroke.MethodsThe population‐based cohort study identified 30 702 individuals from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases from the United Kingdom. Individuals were aged ≥18 years with incident stroke between 1‐1‐1998 and 31‐12‐2017, a BMI recorded within 24 months before incident stroke, and no prior history of MACE. BMI was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity class I (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), class II (35.0–39.9 kg/m2) and class III (≥40 kg/m2). MACE was defined as a composite of incident coronary heart disease, recurrent stroke, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), heart failure, and cardiovascular‐related mortality. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess differences in MACE risk between BMI categories.ResultsAt baseline, 1217 (4.0%) were underweight, 10 783 (35.1%) had a normal BMI, 10 979 (35.8%) had overweight, 5206 (17.0%) had obesity Class I, 1749 (5.7%) Class II, and 768 (2.5%) Class III. In multivariable analysis, higher BMI were associated with lower risk of subsequent MACE [overweight: HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99)]; PVD [overweight: 0.65 (0.49–0.85); obesity Class III: 0.19 (0.50–0.77)]; cardiovascular‐related death [overweight: 0.80 (0.74–0.86); obesity Class I: 0.79 (0.71–0.88); Class II: 0.80 (0.67–0.96)]; and all‐cause mortality [overweight: 0.75 (0.71–0.79); obesity Class I: 0.75 (0.70–0.81); Class II: 0.77 (0.68–0.86)] when compared to those with normal BMI. The results were similar irrespective of sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking or cancer at time of incident stroke.ConclusionsIn patients with incident stroke, overweight or obesity were associated with a more favourable prognosis for subsequent MACE, PVD, and mortality, irrespective of sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, or cancer at baseline. As with other cohort studies, our study demonstrates an association. Randomized control trials should be considered to robustly evaluate the impact of weight management recommendations on subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in stroke survivors.
When healthcare providers are supportive, ‘I'd rather not test alone’: Exploring uptake and acceptability of HIV self‐testing for youth in Zimbabwe – A mixed method study
Authors: Mavodza Constancia V. , Mackworth‐Young Constance R. S. , Bandason Tsitsi , Dauya Ethel , Chikwari Chido Dziva , Tembo Mandikudza , Apollo Tsitsi , Ncube Getrude , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida Abbas , Bernays Sarah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn sub‐Saharan Africa, less than half of young people know their HIV status. HIV self‐testing (HIVST) is a testing strategy with the potential to offer privacy and autonomy. We aimed to understand the uptake and acceptability of different HIV testing options for youth in Harare, Zimbabwe.MethodsThis study was nested within a cluster randomized trial of a youth‐friendly community‐based integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health intervention for youth aged 16–24 years. Three HIV testing options were offered: (1) provider‐delivered testing; (2) HIVST on site in a private booth without a provider present; and (3) provision of a test kit to test off site. Descriptive statistics and proportions were used to investigate the uptake of HIV testing in a client sample. A focus group discussion (FGD) with intervention providers alongside in‐depth interviews, paired interviews and FGDs with a selected sample of youth clients explored uptake and acceptability of the different HIV testing strategies. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsBetween April and June 2019, 951 eligible clients were tested for HIV: 898 (94.4%) chose option 1, 30 (3.25%) chose option 2 and 23 (2.4%) chose option 3. Option 1 clients cited their trust in the service and a desire for immediate counselling, support and guidance from trusted providers as the reasons for their choice. Young people were not confident in their expertise to conduct HIVST. Concerns about limited privacy, confidentiality and lack of support in the event of an HIV‐positive result were barriers for off‐site HIVST.ConclusionsIn the context of supportive, trusted and youth‐friendly providers, youth clients overwhelmingly preferred provider‐delivered HIV testing over client‐initiated HIVST or HIVST off site. This highlights the importance of listening to youth to improve engagement in testing. While young people want autonomy in choosing when, where and how to test, they do not want to necessarily test on their own. They desire quality in‐person counselling, guidance and support, alongside privacy and confidentiality. To increase the appeal of HIVST for youth, greater provision of access to private spaces is required, and accessible pre‐ and post‐test counselling and support may improve uptake.
Outage statistics of double gamma–gamma random process and its application to cooperative optical wireless communication relay systems
Authors: Dejanovic Milan , Dubljanin Milan , Kontrec Natasa , Panic Stefan , Djosic Danijel , Stefanovic Mihajlo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates outage statistics of double gamma–gamma random variable (RV) modeled as the product of two independent and identically distributed gamma–gamma RVs. The outage closed‐form statistics in terms of the first‐order statistical measures (probability density function and cumulative distribution function) and the second‐order statistical measures (level crossing rate and average fade duration) by Laplace approximation integral (LAI) and exponential LAI are derived. The statistical results are directly related to the performance evaluation of dual‐hop as well as cooperative dual‐hop optical wireless communications over moderate to strong turbulence‐induced fading channels.
Complex network theoretic assessment of precipitation‐driven meteorological drought in India: Past and future
Authors: Jha Vibhuti Bhushan , Gujrati Ashwin , Singh R P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal analysis of droughts is important especially for future climate scenarios. We use complex network theoretic measures to understand spatiotemporal properties of precipitation‐driven meteorological drought across India in past and future climate scenarios. We construct drought networks using event synchronization (ES) for moderate and extreme drought conditions derived using Standardized Precipitation Index at an aggregated scale of 6 months (SPI‐6). Network measures like degree, closeness, betweenness and directionality are used to understand spatiotemporal properties of drought events. ES‐based networks can capture synchronous events and help in ascertaining drought propagation through different regions. This study provides insight into the structural properties of drought networks and how they change for projected climate regimes. We find drought hotspots as well as regions which are vulnerable to spatially separated drought events. In the past, regions in western India were vulnerable to extreme droughts propagating from other regions of the country. Use of complex networks also reveals changes in drought propagation directions in future climate scenarios. Furthermore, using centrality measures, we also identify regions which aid in drought propagation and act as pathways connecting drought hotspots. Thus, changes in structural and topological properties of complex networks can be used to understand the impact of climate change across regions.
Extent and distribution of surface soil acidity in the rainfed areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Gizaw , Kassawmar Tibebu , Tadesse Matebu , Zeleke Gete 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe soil acidity level is a key soil characteristic that determines soil nutrient availability, soil microbial activities, and crop growth. This study was carried out to predict the extent and severity of soil acidity based on 109,704 soil pH samples collected from soil laboratories and compiled from various studies. Rainfall, altitude, slope gradient, soil, and land cover were considered to generate multivariate interpolated soil pH surface. The performance of the co–kriging model was found to be satisfactory with a standard error of 0.77, root mean square error of 0.51, and R2 of 0.74. The model estimates showed that 47% of the Country's total area and 45% of the rainfed areas are acidic (pH < 6.5). Out of the total area of the Country, 3.7% (42,264 km2) is found to be extreme to strong acidic (pH < 5.5), 20.7% (236,724 km2) is moderate acidic (5.6 < pH < 6.0), and 22.5% (257,290 km2) is slight acidic (6.0 < pH < 6.5), whereas the respective coverage in the rainfed agricultural areas is found to be 12% (80,732 km2), 18% (120,500 km2), and 14.6% (97,202 km2). As informed by the model results, integrated acid soil management efforts should be given a priority to severe soil acidity areas of western, central, northwestern, and southern parts of the Country. Thus, appropriate integrated land management techniques that enable to reduce soil acidity and halt land degradation should be initiated, informed by the map produced. Regularly updating the extent and distribution of surface and sub‐surface soil acidity is recommended in future studies.
Investigating academic conference publications from provincial administrative regions in the mainland of China
Authors: Zhang Guijie , Wei Fangfang , Wang Peixin , Liang Yikai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future.
Free surface lubrication of rotating cylinders by impacting Newtonian liquid jet
Authors: Bizjan Benjamin , Širok Brane , Blagojevič Marko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFree surface lubrication of rotating cylinders by Newtonian liquid jets was investigated at different impingement positions, jet‐ and circumferential velocities. The interaction between impinging round laminar jet and rotating surface was characterised by high‐speed imaging. Compared to flat surface impingement, the liquid deposition mechanism is more complex and often accompanied by phenomena such as splashing, jet deflection and formation of radial surface stripes. Liquid splashing initially develops in direct deposition regime due to hydraulic jump‐induced droplet shedding, transitioning to lamella instability splash at higher Reynolds numbers. The critical Reynolds number for splash onset is of same order of magnitude as for flat surface impingement and fairly constant at low relative jet impingement angles, but increases exponentially when angle approaches 90°. Liquid film width and thickness were both determined proportional to the square root of the jet/surface velocity ratio, with respective power law models in good agreement with measured values.
Evaluation of entheseal changes in a modern identified skeletal collection from Inden (Germany)
Authors: Salega Soledad , Grosskopf Birgit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the frequency of entheseal changes (EC) in a modern skeletal collection from the rural village of Inden, Germany (late 19th–early 20th century), in order to identify general levels of physical activity. The sample is comprised of 66 individuals (51 males and 15 females), whose data on sex, age, and occupation were retrieved from church records. Fourteen fibrous and nineteen fibrocartilaginous entheses of upper and lower limbs were scored in a blind test using two different methods. Grades were converted into binary data, and frequencies of EC were analyzed in each enthesis and in functional complexes by applying a Fisher exact test and a logistic regression. Results showed a higher prevalence for more entheses among female individuals. This does not agree with previous research, but it could be related to the small sample size in this study. More statistically, significant values were found for the relationship between EC and age, which was the main predictor for the presence of EC. However, the percentage of variability that it is explained by age is lower than that found by other studies of European identified collections. This would suggest an interaction with other variables. Regarding occupation, data did not show any clear pattern for the upper limb, whereas for the lower limb, higher frequencies were found for non‐manual workers. Significant values were only found for EC in two entheses of the forearm within the group of manual workers, and one of the feet for non‐manual workers. As with other identified collections, this study was unable to identify distinctive patterns of EC among occupations. This may be due to a combination of different physical activities engaged in or as a result of change of occupation during an individual's lifetime.
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl‐ and Amino‐Substituted Metallated Ylide
Authors: Jörges Mike , Kroll Alexander , Kelling Leif , Gauld Richard , Mallick Bert , Huber Stefan M. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstractα‐Metallated ylides have revealed themselves to be versatile reagents for the introduction of ylide groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of the thiophosphinoyl and piperidyl (Pip) substituted α‐metallated ylide [Ph2(Pip)P=C−P(S)Ph2]M (M=Li, Na, K) through a four‐step synthetic procedure starting from diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide. Metallation of the ylide intermediate was successfully accomplished with different alkali metal bases delivering the lithium, sodium and potassium salts, the latter isolable in high yields. Structure analyses of the lithium and potassium compounds in the solid state with and without crown ether revealed different aggregates (monomer, dimer and hexamer) with the metals coordinated by the thiophosphoryl moiety and ylidic carbon atom. Although the piperidyl group does not coordinate to the metal, it significantly contributes to the stability of the yldiide by charge delocalization through negative hyperconjugation.
Morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal reinforced poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): A comparative study on common and novel solvent casting methods
Authors: Mohammadi Mojtaba , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Carreau Pierre J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mechanical and thermal properties of semicrystalline (sc) and amorphous (a) poly(lactic acid), PLA, and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate), PBAT, and their nanocomposites containing 1 and 3 wt% CNCs, prepared through solvent casting methods using one (N,N‐dimethylformamide [DMF]) or two (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofuran (THF)) solvents were analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the total amount of crystals of the scPLA/CNC nanocomposites increased, whereas it decreased in the PBAT/CNC systems. In both cases, the crystallization temperature increased with CNC content. In tensile experiments, the Young modulus and yield strength of all nanocomposites were found to increase by incorporating CNCs, more significantly for the samples prepared using one solvent. The elongation at break of both PLA nanocomposites increased when prepared via one solvent, while it decreased for the two solvent methods as well as for PBAT nanocomposites prepared by both methods. The impact properties of the samples prepared by the two solvent methods decreased. In contrast, for the one solvent method, incorporating 3 wt% CNCs improved the impact properties by 32% and 9% in scPLA and aPLA, respectively, but decreased by 4% in PBAT nanocomposites. Also, in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) the storage modulus of scPLA and PBAT/CNC systems increased significantly, especially in the rubbery region (5–85 MPa and 105–155 MPa, respectively). Using a percolation model, the strength of the percolating CNC was found to be dependent on temperature and affected by traces of solvent mostly in the scPLA nanocomposites.
Registration of ten soft red winter waxy wheat germplasm lines
Authors: Ma Fengyun , Sturbaum Anne , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWaxy wheat carries null alleles at the three Wx loci encoding the granule‐bound starch synthase I and produces endosperm starch composed of mostly amylopectin with less than 5% amylose. The USDA‐ARS developed and released 10 soft red winter (SRW) waxy wheat germplasm lines, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐1, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐2, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐3, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐4, SWQL‐K‐ABD‐5, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐1, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐2, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐3, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐4, SWQL‐W‐ABD‐5 (Reg. no. GP‐1061 to Reg. no. GP‐1070, PI 698615 to PI 698624), by the introgression of the null alleles at the Wx loci from a soft spring waxy wheat germplasm to two SRW wheat cultivars adapted to the eastern region of the United States. Ten waxy wheat germplasm lines were selected from BC4 or BC5 derivatives of the SRW wheat cultivars ‘Kristy’ and ‘Wilson’ (99ID490/5*Kristy and 99ID490/6*Wilson). The kernel hardness and starch amylose content of 10 SRW waxy wheat germplasm lines ranged from 34.1 to 63.1 and 2.5–7.2%, respectively, while those of wild types and SRW wheat parents carrying the functional alleles at the three Wx loci ranged from 33.9 to 60.4 and 26.8–27.0%, respectively. The starch of the waxy wheat germplasm lines exhibited a lower pasting temperature, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback value than the corresponding wild‐type wheat starch. These waxy wheat germplasm lines would be useful for the development of SRW wheat cultivars carrying different null alleles at the Wx loci that are adapted to the eastern region of the United States.
Theoretical investigation of metal oxides for SO2 capture through first‐principles calculations
Authors: Kang Sung Gu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtmospheric pollution is an accelerating environmental issue. Thus, methods to mitigate this problem are highly important. In this study, metal oxide‐based materials for capturing SO2 were theoretically identified using first‐principles calculations. In specific, the thermodynamic properties of MnO, Na2O, K2O, and Ag2O for capturing SO2 were assessed by computing their vibrational density of states. The rank of the maximum temperature for capturing SO2 as sulfites in decreasing order was K2O > Na2O > MnO > Ag2O at a wide range of SO2 pressure. For Na2O and K2O that showed a higher range of SO2 capture temperatures than MnO and Ag2O as sulfites, the maximum temperature of these two compounds for capturing SO2 as sulfates was further explored. The maximum temperature of the metal oxides for capturing SO2 changed upon pressurization of metal oxides. The maximum temperature of each metal oxide increased with increasing positive pressure (i.e., compression) and decreased with increasing negative pressure (i.e., expansion).
Event‐triggered optimal tracking control of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems via adaptive critic designs
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Zhao Bo , Liu Derong , Zhang Shunchao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the event‐triggered optimal tracking control problem for multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is investigated by using adaptive critic designs. By constructing a neural network (NN)‐based observer with input–output data, the system dynamics of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is obtained. Subsequently, the optimal tracking control problem is converted to an optimal regulation problem by establishing a tracking error system. Then, the optimal tracking control policy for each player is derived by solving coupled event‐triggered Hamilton‐Jacobi (HJ) equation via a critic NN. Meanwhile, a novel weight updating rule is designed by adopting concurrent learning method to relax the persistence of excitation (PE) condition. Moreover, an event‐triggering condition is designed by using Lyapunov's direct method to guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed‐loop multiplayer systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by two different multiplayer nonlinear systems.
Closed‐form solution for real‐time optimal walking pattern generation constrained by the desired amount of capture point
Authors: Park Sangsin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI present a calculus variations problem for an optimal zero‐moment point (ZMP) pattern, and derive a closed‐form solution satisfying two‐boundary conditions of ZMP and an additional constraint, which is a difference between a current capture point and another. In addition, I present a closed‐form solution for the equation of motion of the linear inverted pendulum model, or a cart‐table model using the optimal ZMP pattern. Through the closed‐form solutions, a current walking pattern is generated with every step period, and is connected with a previous pattern without discontinuity. I demonstrate my optimal walking pattern generator with 13 forward steps, and compare power consumption with walking, using a linearly interpolated ZMP pattern for effectiveness. Moreover, I indicate the walking pattern changes in real‐time, depending on varying step lengths.