bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative risk assessment
of carcinomatosis development
after radical surgery for gastric cancer
Authors: REUTOVICH M. YU. , KRASKO O. V. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Metachronous peritoneal dissemination (PD) is the most frequent pattern of gastric cancer (GC) progression
after radical surgery. It is necessary to take into account the existing risk of developing metachronous PD to ensure a substantiated administration of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (ICT) for its timely prevention.
The purpose of the study was to raise the metachronous PD prognostication efficacy.
Results: The treatment outcomes of 1,065 radically operated patients (males – 640, 60.1%; females – 425, 39.9%) aged 23 to 89
years (median age – 63±12) showed that a high risk of GC recurrence in the form of peritoneal dissemination is associated with:
(1) metastatic invasion of the regional lymph node – pN2-3 – RR 2.0 (95% CI 1.5–2.7), р < 0.001; (2) ulcero-infiltrative and diffuse
infiltrative forms of primary gastric cancer growth – RR 3.7 (95% CI 2.5–5.5), р < 0,001), and RR 2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.6), р<0,001;
(3) serosa invasion by primary GC (pT4) – RR 2.5 (95% CI 1.8–3.6), р<0,001; (4) combined surgical treatment vs. standard surgery –
RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.7), р=0.005; and (5) performing gastrectomy vs. distal resection – RR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2–2.2), р=0.004.
A multivariate analysis (Fine-Grey model) was done to propose a prognostic model for an intraoperative estimate of the
MPD development probability to determine indications for intraoperative ICT (concordance index – 0.75).
Conclusion: The proposed nomogram- or formula-based prognostic model allows a differentiated approach to administering intraoperative ICT, taking into account the existing probability of peritoneal dissemination development.
Early diagnostic of lung cancer based
on methylation of mononuclear cell fraction:
Method development
Authors: GONCHAROVA T. G. , KAIDAROVA D. R. , KADYRBAYEVA R. E. , ORAZGALIEVA M. G. , ADILBAY D. G. , CHEISHVILI D. , VAISHEVA F. , SZYF M. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARС), lung cancer (LC) today ranks first in cancer
incidence worldwide [1]. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, about 3800 new cases of LC and more than 2000 deaths from LC are
registered each year (one-year mortality exceeds 49.4%) [2]. This supports the relevance of early LC diagnostics. The study of
DNA methylation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) suggests its use as an early diagnostic and prognostic
marker for LC before detecting a malignant neoplasm by visual diagnostic methods.
The purpose of the study was to find specific diagnostic and prognostic markers by DNA methylation profiling of PBMC
in patients with LC.
Results: Methylation markers of blood mononuclear fraction were detected in CG islets associated with genes ICAM5,
mir138, SYNE1, and KLK4 in 97% of plasma samples from patients with LC and were absent in healthy people. The usability of
these markers to differentiate LC from 16 other cancers using NCBI GEO and TCGA methylation data was demonstrated with a
specificity level of 0.96 and a sensitivity of 0.84.
Conclusion: The specificity and sensitivity of the method of LC early diagnostics and prognosis based on the methylation of
blood mononuclear cells (detection of methylation of CG islets associated with the ICAM5, mir138, SYNE1, and KLK4 genes in
PBMC) are enough to use it in screening for LC.
Epigenetic research in lung cancer diagnostics:
A literature review
Authors: KADYRBAYEVA R. , ASKANDIROVA A. , OMARBAYEVA N. , ADYLBAI D. , GONCHAROVA T. , ORAZGALIEVA M. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), lung cancer (LC) currently ranks first in
cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. The gold standard of LC diagnostics is the histological verification, the determination of the degree of invasion and tumor phenotype. At first glance, epigenetic methods seem to be secondary after determining the patient’s genetic profile. However, standard genetic analysis reveals only the DNA nucleotide sequence. Thus, epigenetic
analysis is the only method that allows detecting potential abnormalities in cells. An important difference between genetic and
epigenetic changes is that drugs are efficient against epigenetic changes but absolutely powerless against genetic mutations.
The purpose of the study was to review and analyze the available molecular genetic methods for DNA methylation profiling in lung cancer.
Results: All these observations support the hypothesis that methylation profiling in body fluids can help determine the people predisposed to or affected by LC. Circulating acellular DNA in the blood plasma contains tumor-specific mutations and disease-related DNA methylation patterns. Identifying new biomarkers-precursors of a potential cancer susceptibility or aggressiveness in such DNA would be a considerable advancement in prognostic medicine for patients at high risk of developing LC.
Conclusion: A low level of LC detection might limit the number of DNA samples of patients with LC included in the studies.
This is also the reason why specific methylation biomarkers have not yet been confirmed for clinical use. Future research on
a larger number of blood samples, combined with the entire epigenome studies, may contribute to finding a group of LC biomarkers to improve LC detection.
Epigenetic markers-based breast cancer
early detection method development
Authors: GONCHAROVA T. , KAIDAROVA D. , OMARBAYEVA N. , ASKANDIROVA A. , ORAZGALIYEVA M. , ADILBAY D. , CHEISHVILI D. , VAISHEVA F. , SZYF M. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARС), breast cancer ranks 1st-2nd among other cancers globally [1], including Kazakhstan [2]. In Kazakhstan, the annual growth in breast cancer incidence exceeds 26.6%. In 2018-2019, breast cancer
was the 3rd most common cause of cancer death in Kazakhstan, accounting for 8.7-8.1 percent, respectively. Early detection of breast cancer
remains an acute issue. In particular, early detection should be improved. Epigenetic studies of cancer patients confirm that epigenetic biomarkers could be used as early cancer diagnostic markers, including breast cancer.
The study aimed to find specific diagnostic markers by methylation profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA in breast
cancer patients.
Results: Plasma samples of the Kazakhstani population with breast cancer possessed mononuclear cell methylation markers in CpG islets associated with JAM3, C17orf64, MSC, and C7orf51 genes and the CpG islet associated with the intergenic region on chromosome 5, chr5:
77,208,034-77,329,434, which were missing in healthy individuals. These biomarkers allow differentiating breast cancer from other cancers
with a specificity of 0.91 and a sensitivity of 0.94 compared to methylation data from open DNA methylation databases (for Illumina 450K):
TCGA, GSE40279, GSE61496, GSE76269 и GSE66836.
Conclusion: Early breast cancer detection method using peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA methylation profile, namely in CpG
islets associated with JAM3, C17orf64, MSC, and C7orf51 genes and the CpG islet associated with the intergenic region on chromosome 5,
chr5: 77,208,034-77,329,434 is enough specific and sensitive to use it in breast cancer screening.
Use of an artificial intelligence program
in radiation therapy
Authors: ISHKININ Y.I. , DATBAYEV K. , RAIMBEKOV R. , IBRAYEV R. , AKHUNOVA R. , RAIMZHANOV K. , GONCHAROVA A. , TURLYBEK Zh. , KALDARBEKOVA G. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Since 01 January 2020, the provision of radiation therapy (RT) at Almaty Oncology Center was optimized using
the Visual Care Path (VCP) tool of the ARIA 15.6 oncology system, which supports the implementation of sequential and parallel
mandatory procedures – from patient registration to completion of treatment.
The purpose was to study the impact of the implemented artificial intelligence system on RT effectiveness, safety, the share
of complex RT techniques, and measure staff satisfaction and proficiency.
Results: The share of intensive modulated radiation therapy sessions changed from 39.3% in 2019 to 46.6% in 2020. After
the implementation of VCP, timely pre-irradiation preparation of patients (centering, delineation, dose prescription) by department doctors increased from 76% to 91%, OR = 3.2; timely measurements of plans increased from 85% to 96%, OR = 4.7;
the frequency of major events (the ratio of plans with errors or unsuccessful plans to the total number of plans, delineation of
organs at risk and targets, dose prescription) decreased from 12% to 3%, OR = 4.5; the frequency of minor events (late notification of the patient of the treatment commencement, timely transition to the next stage of patient preparation for treatment
decreased from 32% to 10%, OR = 4.5. Staff proficiency in VCP has increased by 75%. Following the anonymous survey results,
85% of staff reported a positive impact of VCP on the workflow.
Conclusion: The share of complex methods of RT has increased by 7.3%. The implementation of VCP significantly increased
the workflow efficiency – by 3.9 times, reduced the number of major and minor events by 4.4 times. It allowed using a paperless
communication with the executor’s identification at each stage of RT. The new technique was also quickly adopted and favorably accepted by the staff.
Organizational and legal problems of execution of certain measures of penal impact, not related to deprivation of liberty
Authors: Красоткин Павел Николаевич , Шаклеина Алена Юрьевна 
Published: September 2021

На основе анализа деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций пяти регионов нашей страны, в которых проходят службу выпускники ФКОУ ВО Кузбасский институт ФСИН России, в статье рассматриваются организационные и правовые основы деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций. Обоначены проблемы квотирования рабочих мест для трудоустройства осужденных к наказанию к исправительным работам; определен уровень нагрузки на инспекторский состав; исследована деятельность судов некоторых субъектов Российской Федерации; выявлены особенности исчисления нарушений в период испытательного срока условно осужденных; рассмотрены технические средства надзора и контроля, применяемые к осужденным к ограничению свободы; освещены проблемы исполнения обязанностей, способствующих исправлению условно осужденных. Предпринята попытка по разрешению некоторых проблем, обозначенных авторами. В статье предложены меры, направленные на ликвидацию выявленных проблем.
Based on the analysis of the activities of the penal inspections of five regions of our country, where graduates of the Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penal Service of Russia serve, organizational and legal bases of activity of penal inspections are considered in article. So, the problems of quoting jobs for employment of convicts sentenced to correctional labor are emphasized; the level of load on the inspection staff is determined; the activities of courts of some subjects of the Russian Federation are investigated; the peculiarities of the calculation of violations during the probation period of conditionally convicted are revealed; technical means of supervision and control applicable to those sentenced to imprisonment are considered; the problems of performance of duties contributing to the correction of probationers are highlighted; untimely amendments to the current legislation regulating the activities of penal inspections are revealed. The authors made an attempt to resolve some of the identified problems. The article suggests measures aimed at eliminating the problems.
Characteristics of convicted persons who committed a crime with administrative prejudice
Authors: Берндт Анастасия Анатольевна 
Published: September 2021

Предметом исследования является социально-демографическая характеристика осужденных за преступления с административной преюдицией. Целью исследования является анализ нового типа личности преступника-правонарушителя, особенностью которого является привлечение к уголовной ответственности за совершение нескольких аналогичных административных правонарушений. Основными методами исследования являются анализ, синтез, а также статистический метод. В результате исследования выявлены специфические социально-демографические характеристики осужденных за преступления с административной преюдицией, учет которых необходим для формирования системы профилактики такого противоправного поведения. Это невысокий уровень образования, возраст 30-49, преступления совершаются преимущественно мужчинами, за исключением преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 151 УК РФ, что объясняется сферой деятельности (сфера торговли), где преимущественно заняты женщины. Преступления совершаются трудоспособными лицами без определенного рода занятий, среди лиц, участвовавших в социально значимом труде, больше всего рабочих. Сделан вывод, что для выработки более точных мер превентивного воздействия на противоправное поведение преступника-правонарушителя необходим анализ социально-демографических характеристик не только осужденных, но и лиц, ранее привлекавшихся к административной ответственности.
The researching subject is the socio-demographic characteristics of those convicted of crimes with administrative prejudice. The purpose of the study is analyzing a new type of identity of the criminal offender, a feature of which is to bring to criminal responsibility for committing several similar administrative offenses. The main research methods are analysis, synthesis and the statistical method. As a result of the study, specific socio-demographic characteristics of those convicted for crimes with administrative prejudice were identified, which are necessary to form a system for the prevention of such unlawful behavior. This is a low level of education, age 30-49, crimes are committed mainly by men, with the exception of crimes under Art. 151 of the Criminal Code, which is explained by the sphere of activity (trade), where women are predominantly employed. Crimes are committed by able-bodied persons of a certain type of occupation; among those who participated in socially significant work, most are workers. The study concluded that in order to develop more accurate preventive measures on the unlawful behavior of the criminal offender, it is necessary to analyze of socio-demographic characteristics not only convicts, but also persons who were previously brought to administrative responsibility.
Some problems of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with lapse of time
Authors: Черненко Тамара Геннадьевна 
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируются дискуссионные положения об основании существования института давности привлечения к уголовной ответственности, приводятся аргументы в пользу вывода о том, что основание института давности заключается в отпадении либо ослаблении общественной опасности лица, совершившего преступление. Рассматриваются вопросы о начале исчисления срока давности применительно к преступлениям с материальным составом, длящимся, продолжаемым, преступлениям, а также преступлениям, совершаемым в соучастии. Поддерживается научная позиция относительно необходимости восстановления правила о прерывании течения срока давности привлечения к уголовной ответственности в случае совершения виновным лицом нового преступления. Обосновывается вывод о необходимости введения специальных давностных сроков для лиц, уклоняющихся от следствия или суда либо уплаты судебного штрафа, предлагается для указанных лиц предусмотреть увеличение наполовину сроков давности, предусмотренных в части первой статьи 78 УК РФ.
The article analyzes the controversial provisions on the basis of the existence of the institution of prescription of criminal prosecution, arguments in favor of the conclusion that the basis of the institution of prescription is to drop or weaken the social danger of the person who committed the crime. The questions of the beginning of the calculation of the Statute of limitations in relation to crimes with material composition, continuing, crimes, as well as crimes committed in complicity are considered. The scientific position on the need to restore the rule on the interruption of the Statute of limitations for criminal prosecution in the case of committing a new crime by the guilty person is supported. The conclusion about necessity of introduction of special limitation periods to persons evading investigation or trial or payment of court fines is proposed for these persons to provide for the increase of half-periods of limitation set out in part one of article 78 of the criminal code.
Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match After an Early-Exposure Research Program for Medical Students
Authors: Smolev Emma T. , Coxe Francesca R. , Iyer Sravisht , Kelly Anne M. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Fufa Duretti T. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of students matching in orthopaedic surgery after a structured, early-exposure mentored research program and what factors were associated with those students compared with participants who matched in other specialties.

Methods:
Program data were reviewed from 2007 to 2015. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate student and research factors associated with orthopaedic surgery match.

Results:
Of 174 students, 117 (67%) matched into surgical residency programs, with 49% (n = 85) matching into orthopaedic surgery. The percentage of women matching into orthopaedic surgery (37%) was less than that of men (53%), which, however, increased over the study period. Students who matched in orthopaedic surgery had greater numbers of publications (3.55 [range 0 to 17] average publications) compared with students who matched in other specialties (1.98 (range 0 to 11) average publications). The average number of publications per student increased from 0.79 (±1.44, range 0 to 10, 40%) preprogram to 1.95 (±2.28, range 0 to 11, 71%) postprogram. Measured factors associated with orthopaedic surgery match were publications with program mentor, postprogram first authorship, and total publications.

Discussion:
Approximately half of the participants matched into orthopaedic surgery. Analysis showed that research productivity increased after program participation and was statistically associated with increased likelihood of orthopaedic surgery match.
Trends in Corticosteroid Injections for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: An Analysis of 80,169 Patients
Authors: Sun John Q. , Stillson Quinn A. , Strelzow Jason A. , Shi Lewis L. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Corticosteroid (CS) injections are a frequently used treatment modality for lateral epicondylitis (LE) despite an increasing number of studies suggesting their lack of efficacy. The objective of this study was to review the annual utilization of CS injections for treatment of LE, as well as that of other nonsurgical treatments and surgical treatments, to understand how recent publications have affected the practice of physicians in treating LE.

Methods:
Patients with LE from 2010 to 2017 were identified within a national insurance database and grouped by treatment modalities of CS injections, physical therapy, bracing treatment, and surgery. Epidemiologic and demographic data were reported using descriptive statistics. The number of patients receiving each treatment and the number of CS injections per patient were quantified for each year, and annual trends were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results:
Among 80,169 qualifying patients, 16,476 received CS injections, 12,180 received physical therapy, 1,874 received bracing treatment, and 2,650 underwent surgery, with patients receiving multiple modalities being members of each respective group. We found a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with LE receiving CS injections from 23.3% in 2010 to 18.8% in 2017 (R2 = 0.956, P < 0.001). Interestingly, the number of CS injections per patient increased during this period from 1.33 to 1.83 (R2 = 0.843, P = 0.001). No notable changes in utilization trends for other modalities were found.

Discussion:
Overall, our data support a decline in the use of CS injection as a treatment modality for LE from 2010 to 2017. Although correlational, this trend may reflect the increasing body of published evidence demonstrating the ineffectiveness of CS injections for the treatment of LE. In addition, the increasing number of injections per patient among those who received injections contrasts with the overall decrease in steroid utilization among all patients. Further study is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these trends.
Relations between Dietary Habits, Lifestyle and Leading Obesity
Authors: Mistri Shradha 
Published: September 2021

Obesity, hypertension, depression currently in the rise are some of the many problems faced by a common person due to poor dietary and sleeping habits along with some genetic disorders. An extensive study has been done over two years with 205 subjects regarding their eating & sleeping habits and their mental & physical state on a day-to-day basis. The subjects include both males and females ranging from 15 years of age to 70 above. Altogether 12.68% of people suffer from obesity while just 51.21% of them have an appropriate weight. Women below the age of 25 have shown an overpowering presence of PCOS affecting their health and 38.53% of the population showcasing suffering from hypertension and 14.14% suffering from depression. Sleep has yet proven to be a defining factor in wellbeing. 17.07% of the population exhibit signs of sleep deprivation while just 63.9% of the population sleep over 7 hours daily. Like many other countries, in India, the shift from traditional healthy food to fast food & processed food is taking place, resulting in various health problems like obesity, heart problems, arthritis, weakness, diabetes, high blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, stroke & so on. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of nutrition, mental health and exercise on the various aspects of a person’s well-being.
Waiving COVID-19 Vaccine Patents: A Bad Idea and a Dangerous Precedent
Authors: Pitts Peter J , Popovian Robert , Weingarden Wayne 
Published: September 2021

The Biden Administration believes that suspending COVID-19 vaccine patents will expedite the swift development of high quality “cheap” versions of existing vaccines and hasten the pandemic’s end. This view is dangerously wrong. Vaccinating the world is essential, but temporarily waiving patent rights for COVID-19 vaccines (also known as “compulsory licensing”) will actually slow their availability to the developing world.

While providing no gain, compulsory licensing promises lots of pain. Waiving patent protection discourages cutting-edge research investments, which in turn produce breakthrough treatments not just for COVID-19, but for other diseases, like cancer. Weakening these protections would be anti-patient and counterproductive.

The reality is that, in order to save the world, we must all work together as partners. The remarkable speed with which we developed diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines to combat COVID-19 points to the need for more collaboration, not less. Patents are a foundational principle upon which that success rests.

While the policy of temporarily waiving patents seems fair and humanitarian, the devil is in the details. Such a policy will not result in a single citizen of the developing world getting vaccinated one minute sooner. In fact, the unintended consequences are the reverse. More confusion, lower quality, less transnational cooperation. A triple play of disastrous global proportions.