bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of trinuclear ruthenium clusters based on piconol ligands and their application in Oppenauer‐type oxidation of secondary alcohols
Authors: Dong Qing , Ma Zongwen , Hao Zhiqiang , Han Zhangang , Lin Jin , Lu Guo‐Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTreatment of Ru3(CO)12 with one equivalent of 2‐indolyl‐6‐pyridinyl‐alcohol ligands 2‐(C8H6N)‐6‐(CR1R2OH)C5H3N (R1 = R2 = Me (L1H); R1 = R2 = C2H5 (L2H); R1, R2 = −(CH2)4‐ (L3H);& R1, R2 = −(CH2)5‐ (L4H)) in refluxing THF afforded the corresponding trinuclear ruthenium clusters L(μ2‐H)Ru3(CO)9 (1a–1d), respectively. All the novel Ru complexes were well characterized by NMR, elemental analyses and IR spectra. Structures of complexes 1a, 1c, and 1d were further determined by X‐ray crystallographic studies. Complexes 1a–1d were applied to catalytic Oppenauer‐type oxidation of secondary alcohols with acetone as oxidant, and complex 1a was found to be the most efficient catalyst.
On a contribution to study some mechanical properties of WEEE recycled polymer blends
Authors: Eddhahak Anissa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research deals with the study of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) totally derived from wastes of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The aim of this study is to investigate the macroscopic use properties of 100% recycled polymers and compare them with the virgin materials. First, a preliminary work of sorting and characterization of the wastes was necessary to identify the predominant polymer components in the lots. Then, four compositions of blends (ABS/PC) were performed at laboratory using the twin‐screw extruder and injection techniques. Next, a series of experimental tests were carried out to investigate the morphology of the blends, their mechanical and thermo‐mechanical behavior. The experimental results highlighted the synergistic effect by blending ABS and PC wastes. In addition, the comparison with the virgin mixtures has shown a decrease in the mechanical properties of the waste blends, however, the mechanical behavior is still ductile and the blends stiffness was enhanced.
Assessment of the feasibility of the production of alternative jet fuel and diesel using catalytic hydrothermolysis technology: a stochastic techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhu , Tyner Wallace E 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of renewable fuels has emerged as an important method for reducing fossil‐fuel consumption. Different pathway technologies can lead to different fuel products. The feasibility of many such pathways has been analyzed with mixed results but new technologies are being developed continuously. This study uses stochastic analysis to determine the feasibility of producing biofuels from carinata oil using catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH) technology. We perform the analysis with and without government incentive programs. We also address uncertainties in input costs and government incentives. The study analyzes a pioneer greenfield plant. The results show that the mean net present value (NPV) without government incentives is −$924.4 million. Ninety percent of the simulated NPV is between −$1040 million and −$810 million, which indicates a 100% probability of loss. The mean breakeven price of jet fuel is $4.72 gal–1. With government incentives including Renewable Identification Number (RIN) and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), the mean NPV is $62.3, and the probability of loss is reduced to 21%, which makes the process much more financially feasible. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Exploring which aspects of a low‐intensity CBT intervention were found to contribute to a successful outcome from the service user point of view: A mixed methods study
Authors: Thompson Miles , Parker Holly , Cave Jodie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe broad area of psychotherapy research is sometimes subdivided into that which focuses on outcome and that which focuses on process. Research into the active processes of psychotherapy can sometimes be occupied with debates around common versus specific factors. At the same time, within the process literature there has been increasing focus on the qualitative accounts of the service user in therapy and what they found to be significant or useful to them. The aim of this mixed methods study was twofold: first, to identify what elements of a relatively brief CBT intervention contributed to a successful outcome from the point of view of the service user. Participants were recruited at a low‐intensity Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) service in the UK; and second, to attempt to frame those results within the common versus specific factor framework. Eight participants (5 males and 3 females) took part in this mixed methods research, which used semi‐structured interviews analysed using thematic analysis and brief quantitative questionnaire completion. Five overarching qualitative themes were identified in the data: three relating to common factors ('Insight’, ‘Talking’ and ‘Therapist qualities’); and two relating to specific factors (‘Responding differently to thoughts and feelings’ and ‘Tasks/activities’). Importantly, all participants spoke about the importance of both common and specific factors. The discussion relates the findings back to existing research, highlighting the relative importance of insight within the data set and the participant led focus on talking. Future directions are discussed.
The effects of sulfur fertility on yield and seed components in oilseed Brassica carinata
Authors: Stansly Theodor L. , Seepaul Ramdeo , George Sheeja , Small Ian , Wright David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fatty acid profile of oilseed (Brassica carinata A. Braun) has prompted interest as a renewable fuel feedstock due to the high proportions of erucic acid (C22:1) in its seed. In addition, B. carinata produces sulfur (S)‐rich secondary metabolites called glucosinolates (GSLs) that protect the plant from pests and disease but it could also reduce the palatability and nutritional value of animal feed when the seed meal is used as a protein supplement. In B. carinata, it is not clear how S availability could be used to reduce total GSL content (TGC) or its possible effects on yield or oil productivity and quality. In this study, we evaluated the effects of S fertility on seed yield and components important to meal quality like TGC, crude protein content (CPC), and factors affecting oil quality including total oil content (TOC) and erucic acid content (EAC). We compared three B. carinata genotypes with varying seed TGC and one low GSL, B. napus L., grown under a semicontrolled greenhouse environment. A 2‐yr study found that increasing S fertility of deficient plants increased seed yield, TGC, EAC, and CPC without significantly affecting TOC. Seed TGC can be reduced by limiting S but with some potential for yield penalties. Only ‘Avanza 641’ and ‘AAC A120’ produced seed at the 0% S rate, indicating an increased efficiency for S acquisition compared with other genotypes. This study shows that S requirements may be similar between oilseed Brassica regardless of seed GSLs, that limiting S can reduce TGC but to the detriment of seed yield, and a positive relationship between TGC to EAC, providing an opportunity for improving oil quality.
Biomechanical adaptations for burrowing in the incisor enamel microstructure of Geomyidae and Heteromyidae (Rodentia: Geomyoidea)
Authors: Kalthoff Daniela C. , Mörs Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe enamel microstructure of fossil and extant Geomyoidea (Geomyidae, Heteromyidae) lower incisors incorporates three‐ or two‐layered schmelzmusters with uniserial, transverse Hunter‐Schreger bands having parallel and perpendicular or exclusively perpendicular oriented interprismatic matrix. Phylogenetically, these schmelzmusters are regarded as moderately (enamel type 2) to highly derived (enamel type 3). Our analysis detected a zone of modified radial enamel close to the enamel–dentine junction. Modified radial enamel shows a strong phylogenetic signal within the clade Geomorpha as it is restricted to fossil and extant Geomyoidea and absent in Heliscomyidae, Florentiamyidae, and Eomyidae. This character dates back to at least the early Oligocene (early Arikareean, 29 Ma), where it occurs in entoptychine gophers. We contend that this specialized incisor enamel architecture developed as a biomechanical adaptation to regular burrowing activities including chisel‐tooth digging and a fiber‐rich diet and was probably present in the common ancestor of the clade. We regard the occurrence of modified radial enamel in lower incisors of scratch‐digging Geomyidae and Heteromyidae as the retention of a plesiomorphic character that is selectively neutral. The shared occurrence of modified radial enamel is a strong, genetically anchored argument for the close phylogenetic relationship of Geomyidae and Heteromyidae on the dental microstructure level.
A statistical model for calibration and computation of detection and quantification limits for low copy number environmental DNA samples
Authors: Lesperance Mary L. , Allison Michael J. , Bergman Lauren C. , Hocking Morgan D. , Helbing Caren C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has been increasingly utilized by academic, industry, and government groups for environmental monitoring due to its efficiency in regards to both time and cost, as well as non‐invasiveness to target organisms, and reduced dependency on trained biologists for sample collection. The methods typically employ quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the presence of a given organism's DNA in a sample. Currently, there is a drive to use qPCR data to infer biomass or abundance by quantitating the copy number or concentration of a given target gene fragment in a sample, which is often very dilute. Before eDNA can be fully accepted as an environmental decision‐making tool, however, certain aspects of the methods require standardization, including the quantification of target DNA in low copy number samples. Models that are not able to properly make use of data from highly dilute samples are severely hampered in their definitions of the limits of detection and quantification at the lower end of the detection curve. We propose a statistical model for a standard curve that relates the number of qPCR‐detected technical replicates to the copy number in the case of low copy number samples. Likelihood methods are used to estimate the parameters of the model and we derive inverse regression estimates together with their standard errors. Limits of copy number detection and quantification, and their confidence intervals are derived using a well‐accepted statistical approach thus providing a more broadly applicable and robust method for reporting eDNA abundance into the low copy number range. The method is illustrated using experimental results from multiple laboratories.
Nanowire architectured porous bimetallic transition metal oxides for high performance hybrid supercapacitor applications
Authors: Sivakumar Periyasamy , Jung Min Gyu , Raj Chellan Justin , Park JeongWon , Park Ho Seok , Jung Hyun 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe electrochemical performance of the Faradaic battery‐type binary metal oxide electrodes is dependent on the desirable architecture and the optimal cationic ratio. Herein, we report one‐dimensional nanowire‐like bimetallic spinel NixCo3‐xO4 (NCO) electrode materials for high performance hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) applications. This unique nanowire architecture is beneficial for providing abundant exposed active sites onto the large accessible surface area, which results in facilitating ion transporting pathways. Remarkably, the optimal NCO electrode with the ratio of Ni/Co of 1 to 1 (NCO11) achieves the maximum specific capacitance of 1033 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and the excellent rate capability of 74.55% at 30 A g−1, far exceeding those of their single counterparts. Furthermore, the as‐assembled HSCs integrating NCO11 and AC electrodes deliver large energy and power densities of 41.54 W h kg−1 and 44.95 kW kg−1 with excellent cyclic retention (96.12%).
Sensory professionals’ perspective on the possibilities of using facial expression analysis in sensory and consumer research
Authors: Savela‐Huovinen Ulriikka , Toom Auli , Knaapila Antti , Muukkonen Hanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe increase in digitalization, software applications, and computing power has widened the variety of tools with which to collect and analyze sensory data. As these changes continue to take place, examining new skills required among sensory professionals is needed. The aim with this study was to answer the following questions: (a) How did sensory professionals perceive the opportunities to utilize facial expression analysis in sensory evaluation work? (b) What skills did the sensory professionals describe they needed when utilizing facial expression analysis? Twenty‐two sensory professionals from various food companies and universities were interviewed by using semistructural thematic interviews to map development intentions from facial expression recognition data as well as to describe the established skills that were needed. Participants’ facial expressions were first elicited by an odor sample during a sensory evaluation task. The evaluation was video recorded to characterize a facial expression software response (FaceReader™). The participants were interviewed regarding their opinions of the data analysis the software produced. The study findings demonstrate how using facial expression analysis contains personal and field‐specific perspectives. Recognizability, associativity, reflectivity, reliability, and suitability were perceived as a personal perspective. From the field‐specific perspective, professionals considered the received data valuable only if they had skills to interpret and utilize it. There is a need for an increase in training not only in IT, mathematics, statistics, and problem‐solving, but also in skills related to self‐management and ethical responsibility.
Phenotypic differences in the inner ears of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J mice carrying missense and single base pair deletion mutations in the Cdh23 gene
Authors: Zhao Tong , Ma Peng , Zhao Fangfang , Zheng Tihua , Yan Bin , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Jing , Hu Bing , Yang Ying , Hu Juan , Geng Ruishuang , Hu Bo Hua , Sun Tengyang , Zheng Qing Yin , Li Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent mutations in the cadherin 23 (CDH23) gene in different genetic backgrounds have been linked to either syndromic or nonsyndromic forms of deafness in humans. We previously reported a progressive hearing loss (HL) mouse model, the Cdh23erl/erl mouse, which carries a 208T > C mutation causing an amino acid substitution at S70P in C57BL/6J mice. To investigate the differences in Cdh23 mutation‐related HL in different genetic backgrounds, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate homozygous mice in the CBA/CaJ background that have the same base pair missense mutation (208T > C) (Cdh23erl2/erl2) as Cdh23erl/erl mice in the C57BL/6J background or a single base pair deletion (235G) (Cdh23V2J2/V2J2) in the Cdh23 gene at exon 5. The two mutant mice exhibit hearing impairment across a broad range of frequencies. The progression of HL in Cdh23erl2/erl2 mice is slower than that in Cdh23erl/erl mice. We also found structural abnormalities in the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells in Cdh23erl2/erl2 and Cdh23V2J2/V2J2 mice. Cdh23V2J2/V2J2 mice show signs of vestibular dysfunction in open field behavior and swimming tests. In addition, we observed hair bundle defects in vestibular hair cells in Cdh23V2J2/V2J2 mice. Our results suggest an interaction between the erl locus and the C57BL/6J background that exacerbates HL in Cdh23erl/erl mice. Moreover, our study confirms that the Cdh23 gene is essential for normal hearing and balance. These two novel mutant mouse strains provide excellent models for studying CDH23 mutation‐related deafness in humans.
Surgical management of soft tissue tumors of the abdominal wall: A retrospective study in a high‐volume sarcoma center
Authors: Neuberg Maud , Mir Olivier , Levy Antonin , Sourrouille Isabelle , Dumont Sarah , Haddag‐Miliani Leila , Ngo Carine , Mihoubi Fadila , Rimareix Françoise , Le Péchoux Cécile , Adam Julien , Honart Jean‐François , Ceribelli Cecilia , Le Cesne Axel , Leymarie Nicolas , Faron Matthieu , Honoré Charles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to evaluate functional and oncological outcomes of patients undergoing abdominal wall soft tissue tumors (AWSTT) surgery.MethodsAll consecutive patients that underwent surgery for malignant and intermediate AWSTT from 1999 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsNinety‐two patients were identified, 20 (22%) operated on for a desmoid tumor and 72 (78%) for a soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Fifty‐two patients (57%) had in toto resection of the abdominal wall (from the skin to the peritoneum) and 9 (10%) required simultaneous visceral resection. The closure was direct in 28 patients (30%) and requiring a mesh, a flap or a combination of the two in respectively 42, 16, and 6 patients (47%, 17%, 6%). The postoperative complications rate was 26%. Thirteen patients (14%) developed an incisional hernia after a median delay of 27 months. After a median follow‐up of 40 months, out of the 72 patients operated on for STS, 7 (10%) developed local recurrence and 11 (15%) distant recurrence. The median recurrence‐free and overall survivals were 61 and 116, months respectively.ConclusionsManagement of AWSTT requires extensive surgery but allows good local control with an acceptable rate of incisional hernia.
The effect of thermomechanical process on metallurgical and mechanical properties of 38MnVS6 micro alloyed steel
Authors: Erçayhan Y. , Saklakoğlu N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to have the proper mechanical properties without applying any heat treatment process after hot forging by using 38MnVS6 micro alloyed steel in tow hook manufacturing which is used in automobiles. The effect of forging temperature and cooling rate on metallurgical and mechanical properties of micro alloyed steel is investigated. The samples of micro alloyed steel are forged at 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C, 1050 °C and cooled down at the rates of 0.75 °C/s and 1.5 °C/s. The forging temperature and the cooling rate have a significant effect on toughness by the experimental and numerical studies. The amount of ferrite increases with a decreasing forging temperature, and the toughness is improved by increasing the amount of ferrite. Also, by increasing the cooling rate after forging at 1050 °C, the acicular ferrite is observed which has a positive effect on both the toughness and strength of the micro alloyed steel.
Assessing the reproducibility of CBCT‐derived radiomics features using a novel three‐dimensional printed phantom
Authors: Spuhler Karl D. , Teruel Jose R. , Galavis Paulina E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeRadiomics modeling is an exciting avenue for enhancing clinical decision making and personalized treatment. Radiation oncology patients often undergo routine imaging for position verification, particularly using LINAC‐mounted cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The wealth of imaging data collected in modern radiation therapy presents an ideal use case for radiomics modeling. Despite this, texture feature (TF) calculation can be limited by concerns over feature stability and reproducibility; in theory, this issue is compounded by the relatively poor image quality of CBCT, as well as variation of acquisition and reconstruction parameters.MethodsIn this study, we developed and validated a novel three‐dimensional (3D) printed phantom for evaluating CBCT‐based TF reliability. The phantom has a cylindrical shape (22 cm diameter and 25.5 cm height) with five inner inserts designed to hold custom‐printed rods (1 cm diameter and 10–20 cm height) of various materials, infill shapes, and densities. TF reproducibility was evaluated across and within three LINACs from a single vendor using sets of three consecutive CBCT taken with the head, thorax, and pelvis clinical imaging protocols. PyRadiomics was used to extract a standard set of TFs from regions of interest centered on each rod. Two‐way mixed effects absolute agreement intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate TF reproducibility, with features showing ICC values above 0.9 considered robust if their Bonferroni‐corrected p‐value was below 0.05.ResultsA total of 63, 87, and 83 features exhibited test–retest reliability for the head, thorax, and pelvis imaging protocols respectively. When assessing stability between discreet imaging sessions on the same LINAC, these numbers were reduced to 5, 63, and 70 features, respectively. The thorax and pelvis protocols maintained a rich candidate feature space in inter‐LINAC analysis with 61 and 65 features, respectively, exceeding the ICC criteria. Crucially, no features were deemed reproducible when compared between protocols.ConclusionsWe have developed a 3D phantom for consistent evaluation of TF stability and reproducibility. For LINACs from a single vendor, our study found a substantial number of features available for robust radiomics modeling from CBCT imaging. However, some features showed variations across LINACs. Studies involving CBCT‐based radiomics must preselect features prior to their use in clinical‐based models.
A case of eight supernumerary impacted teeth
Authors: Yamatoji Masanobu , Shiiba Masashi , Miyamoto Isao , Endo‐Sakamoto Yosuke , Kanazawa Harusachi , Tanzawa Hideki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupernumerary teeth (ST) are common clinical dental anomalies characterized by the presence of excessive teeth. It can cause diverse complications in the developing jaw and dentition, which could prevent the acquisition of normal oral functions. The presence of multiple ST is rare and commonly associated with genetic syndromes or developmental anomalies. In such cases, the related clinical problems should be considered along with the treatment of multiple ST. Then, it is important to pay attention to the craniofacial, skeletal, and other physical findings. Herein, we report a rare case of eight ST in a patient without any associated syndromes. Early diagnosis and successive radiographic evaluations are critical for preventing the complications caused by ST.
BLUE laser soldering
Authors: Sala Alessandro , Battista Roberto , Maio Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThanks to the outstanding properties of blue 450 nm radiation, Lyocon's BLUE lasers, with their compact size and ease of integration, will enable very high speed, extremely precise, variable geometry soldering applications: from the soldering of THT and SMD components on PCB boards, to wire soldering on power electronics components, and welding of thin copper wires.
Accurate beam shapes for efficient lidar
Authors: Hauschild Dirk , Braam Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe goal of the next generation of advanced high‐definition lidar products is to provide compact solutions that can reliably and affordably recognize threats at long distances and wide angles while being safe for other road users and pedestrians. Moreover, reducing unused photons in upcoming autonomous vehicles will be essential to avoiding uncontrolled photonic noise and non‐visible contamination with laser lights on streets and throughout cities. Such noise could affect other technologies, equipment, and the eyes of both people and animals.