bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive Nanomanufacturing of Multifunctional Materials and Patterned Structures: A Novel Laser‐Based Dry Printing Process
Authors: Ahmadi Zabihollah , Lee Seungjong , Unocic Raymond R. , Shamsaei Nima , Mahjouri‐Samani Masoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDirect printing of functional materials, structures, and devices on various platforms such as flexible to rigid substrates is of interest for applications ranging from electronics to energy and sensing to biomedical devices. Current additive manufacturing (AM) and printing processes are either limited by the available sources of functional materials or require to be in the form of precisely designed inks. Here, a novel laser‐based additive nanomanufacturing (ANM) system capable of in situ and on‐demand generations of nanoparticles that can serve as nanoscale building blocks for real‐time sintering and dry printing a variety of multifunctional materials and patterns at atmospheric pressure and room temperature is reported. The ability to print different functional materials on various rigid and flexible platforms is shown. This nonequilibrium process involves pulsed laser ablation of targets and in situ formation of pure amorphous nanoparticles’ stream that are guided through a nozzle onto the surface of the substrate, where they are sintered/crystallized in real‐time. Further, the process–structure relationship of the printed materials from nanoscale to microscale is shown. This new ANM concept opens up an opportunity for printing advanced functional materials and devices on rigid and flexible substrates that can be employed both on the earth and in space.
Optogenetics‐Inspired Neuromorphic Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistors with Optically Modulated Plasticity
Authors: Sun Yilin , Ding Yingtao , Xie Dan , Xu Jianlong , Sun Mengxing , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlasticity modulation, which enables the biological synapses to express rich functionality in a tunable way, is an important technique to comprehensively emulate the synaptic functions for artificial neuromorphic computing systems. However, the reliable modulation on the synaptic plasticity has not been well realized at the device level due to the uncontrollable movement of ions or electrons in solid state electronic materials. Here, inspired by the optogenetics that modifies the synaptic plasticity by optical modulation, the authors propose an optoelectronic synaptic transistor based on MoS2/quantum dots (QDs) mixed‐dimensional heterostructure with optically modulated plasticity. The transmission of neuronal signaling in biological retina has been faithfully emulated under the optical modulation, where the post‐synaptic current is inhibited in the dark and enlarged upon illumination. Moreover, a light‐induced inversion between synaptic potentiation and depression is also demonstrated. Such optical modulation on synaptic plasticity can be attributed to the photo‐gating effect dominating the switching characteristics of the MoS2/QDs heterostructure channel under the stimulation of specific electric signals. The authors’ results provide a feasible strategy to realize functional diversity under the optical modulation for synaptic transistors and promote the development of a neuromorphic optoelectronic hardware platform.
Dual‐Functional Optical Waveplates Based on Gap‐Surface Plasmon Metasurfaces
Authors: Cai Ziru , Deng Yadong , Wu Cuo , Meng Chao , Ding Yingtao , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Ding Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGap‐surface plasmon (GSP) metasurfaces have attracted increasing attention and have become an emerging research area due to their planar configurations, high efficiencies, ease of fabrication, and unprecedented capabilities in manipulating reflected fields, thereby allowing one to reduce a set of bulky optical components to a single ultrathin element with multiplexed functionalities. Herein, a reflective dual‐functional optical waveplate based on periodic GSP meta‐molecules is designed and experimentally demonstrated, exhibiting combined quarter‐waveplate and half‐waveplate functionalities, i.e., providing linear‐to‐circular and linear‐to‐linear polarization conversion simultaneously, at the same operating wavelength for orthogonal linear polarizations. The proof‐of‐concept fabricated metasurface demonstrates excellent and distinct polarization conversion functionalities with the efficiencies of ≈73% and 30% at the design wavelength of 850 nm for the orthogonal incident polarizations, well in agreement with the simulations. Owing to the compactness and excellent performance, the demonstrated reflective dual‐functional optical waveplate opens yet another avenue for further development of flat polarization optical components with multiplexed functionalities.
Gold‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Allenes by Tertiary Amines Proceeding with Benzylic Group Migration
Authors: Milcendeau Pierre , Gandon Vincent , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTertiary amines bearing a benzyl‐type group (CH2Ar) undergo Au(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular addition to allenes. A formal 1,3‐transfer of the CH2Ar group takes place during the cyclization. As demonstrated by both experimental and DFT studies, these unprecedented intramolecular carboaminations involve two consecutive [3,3] rearrangements via a dearomatized intermediate. Because of the poor stability of the enamine products, protocols were developed to convert them in situ to more stable polycyclic chiral compounds.magnified image
Effective Doping of Square/Octagon‐Phase Arsenene by Adsorption of Organic Molecules
Authors: Zhao Ning , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdsorption of organic molecules can be a better choice than traditional chemical doping to achieve effective doping of 2D materials. The adsorption of organic molecules on square/octagon‐phase (S/O‐phase) arsenene is investigated and promoted the possibility of developing p–n junctions. In particular, it is found that adsorption of F4‐TCNQ or TCNE molecules leads to effective p‐doping. Adsorption of DMPD or TTF molecules leads to less effective n‐doping. Interestingly, in the case of TTF adsorption strain engineering can be used to greatly improve the material properties. Therefore, both effective n‐ and p‐doping of S/O‐phase arsenene can be realized.
DDIT3 Directs a Dual Mechanism to Balance Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Glutamine Deprivation
Authors: Li Mingyue , Thorne Rick Francis , Shi Ronghua , Zhang Xu Dong , Li Jingmin , Li Jingtong , Zhang Qingyuan , Wu Mian , Liu Lianxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtracellular glutamine represents an important energy source for many cancer cells and its metabolism is intimately involved in maintaining redox homeostasis. The heightened metabolic activity within tumor tissues can result in glutamine deficiency, necessitating metabolic reprogramming responses. Here, dual mechanisms involving the stress‐responsive transcription factor DDIT3 (DNA damage induced transcript 3) that establishes an interrelationship between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are revealed. DDIT3 is induced during glutamine deprivation to promote glycolysis and adenosine triphosphate production via suppression of the negative glycolytic regulator TIGAR. In concert, a proportion of the DDIT3 pool translocates to the mitochondria and suppresses oxidative phosphorylation through LONP1‐mediated down‐regulation of COQ9 and COX4. This in turn dampens the sustained levels of reactive oxygen species that follow glutamine withdrawal. Together these mechanisms constitute an adaptive survival mechanism permitting tumor cells to survive metabolic stress induced by glutamine starvation.
Low‐Power Self‐Rectifying Memristive Artificial Neural Network for Near Internet‐of‐Things Sensor Computing
Authors: Choi Seok , Kim Yong , Van Nguyen Tien , Jeong Won Hee , Min Kyeong‐Sik , Choi Byung Joon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrequent data transfers between Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) sensors and cloud servers consume energy and lead to latency—a bottleneck for ubiquitous computing. To reduce the need for such enormous data transfers, the combined function of IoT sensors and near‐sensor artificial neural networks can process data properly before they are transferred to cloud servers. Herein, energy‐efficient memristor crossbar arrays are demonstrated for image recognition tasks that are potentially adopted for IoT sensors. The adoption of the selector‐free memristor device with a self‐rectifying function allows for simple stacking of metal–dielectric–metal layer, thus significantly simplifying the fabrication process while achieving low‐current operation (<10 µA in microdevice). Area‐dependent resistive switching characteristics and the incorporation of interface effects reveal the role of the switching and rectifying phenomena in such devices. Finally, the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology pattern recognition task is demonstrated with 32 × 32 memristor crossbar arrays combining a SPICE simulation. Therefore, it is expected that self‐rectifying memristor arrays can pave the way for the development of more intelligent IoT sensors.
Base temperatures affect accuracy of growing degree day model to predict emergence of bermudagrasses
Authors: Giolo M. , Sallenave R. , Pornaro C. , Velasco‐Cruz C. , Macolino S. , Leinauer B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe germination of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] under different temperature regimes has been extensively investigated, but a discrepancy remains between laboratory studies and field results. Thermal requirements calculated in growing degree days (GDD) have been found to differ within the same species depending on the location of the study. The accumulation of GDD may vary under different thermal conditions from seeding to seedling emergence and could depend on TBASE used in the calculation. The most widely used TBASE for bermudagrass is 5 °C. However, laboratory studies have suggested that a base temperature of 15 °C would more accurately predict seedling emergence. In this field study, we investigated the effect of using TBASE 5 °C vs. TBASE 15 °C on the estimation of GDD required by bermudagrass to emerge. Ten cultivars were seeded in northeastern Italy on three dates between 10 March and the end of April in 2013 and 2014. Number of emerged seedlings was counted weekly and soil temperature at 1‐cm depth was recorded significant differences in seedling emergence between bermudagrass genotypes were found. Results demonstrated that the algorithm used to calculate GDD is strongly influenced by the TBASE used and to include a TBASE of 15 °C explains germination and emergence more accurately than a TBASE of 5 °C.
Nitrogen fertilizer rate effects on yield and botanical components of summer annual forage mixtures
Authors: Mercier Kelly M. , Teutsch Christopher D. , Smith S. Ray , Ritchey Edwin L. , Burdine Kenneth H. , Vanzant Eric S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSummer annual grass‐legume mixtures may provide supplemental grazing for livestock when cool‐season pastures are less productive, but nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for these mixtures are not well established. Inputs to these systems are often high, so optimizing N fertilizer rates may increase appeal to producers. This study evaluated the effects of increasing botanical diversity and N fertilizer application on the yield and botanical composition of summer annual mixtures in four environments in Kentucky. Nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha–1were applied to a sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ×Sorghum sudanese(P.) Stapf] monoculture, a three‐species mixture, and an 11‐species mixture. In three out of four environments, sward biomass increased as N application increased (average of 15 kg dry matter (DM) ha–1increase per kg N ha–1;p < .05). Mixture complexity had no effect on forage DM accumulation in three out of four environments (4,000, 5,830, and 7,280 kg DM ha–1averaged over mixture for three environments;p > .05). Mixtures were overwhelmingly dominated by grasses, resulting in low functional diversity. Legumes did not respond to N (p > .05), but their contribution to sward DM was <4%. Species compatibility should be a priority when utilizing multi‐species mixtures. If a stronger legume component is desired, care must be taken to provide management that favors these species, such as reduced grass‐seeding rates to limit competition, especially during initial establishment.
Visible‐light‐Induced Sulfhydrylation and Oxylation of Olefins with Iodine as Catalyst
Authors: Ren Ming Zhe , Yang Ying Hui , Zhu Zheng He , Zhang Bo Sheng , Quan Zheng Jun , Wang Xi Cun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, the sulfhydrylation and oxylation of olefins were completed under visible light irradiation with iodine as catalyst, which realized more economical and green chemical conversion because of the absence of metal complexes or organic dyes. A series of bifunctional modifications of olefins were achieved with good yields by using diol derivatives and water as nucleophiles. In addition, the control experiments show that the reaction is a free radical process.
Skin deep: The decoupling of genetic admixture levels from phenotypes that differed between source populations
Authors: Kim Jaehee , Edge Michael D. , Goldberg Amy , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn genetic admixture processes, source groups for an admixed population possess distinct patterns of genotype and phenotype at the onset of admixture. Particularly in the context of recent and ongoing admixture, such differences are sometimes taken to serve as markers of ancestry for individuals—that is, phenotypes initially associated with the ancestral background in one source population are assumed to continue to reflect ancestry in that population. Such phenotypes might possess ongoing significance in social categorizations of individuals, owing in part to perceived continuing correlations with ancestry. However, genotypes or phenotypes initially associated with ancestry in one specific source population have been seen to decouple from overall admixture levels, so that they no longer serve as proxies for genetic ancestry. Here, we aim to develop an understanding of the joint dynamics of admixture levels and phenotype distributions in an admixed population.MethodsWe devise a mechanistic model, consisting of an admixture model, a quantitative trait model, and a mating model. We analyze the behavior of the mechanistic model in relation to the model parameters.ResultsWe find that it is possible for the decoupling of genetic ancestry and phenotype to proceed quickly, and that it occurs faster if the phenotype is driven by fewer loci. Positive assortative mating attenuates the process of dissociation relative to a scenario in which mating is random with respect to genetic admixture and with respect to phenotype.ConclusionsThe mechanistic framework suggests that in an admixed population, a trait that initially differed between source populations might serve as a reliable proxy for ancestry for only a short time, especially if the trait is determined by few loci. It follows that a social categorization based on such a trait is increasingly uninformative about genetic ancestry and about other traits that differed between source populations at the onset of admixture.
NIA‐AA Alzheimer's Disease Framework: Clinical Characterization of Stages
Authors: Petersen Ronald C. , Wiste Heather J. , Weigand Stephen D. , Fields Julie A. , Geda Yonas E. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Knopman David S. , Kremers Walter K. , Lowe Val , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Stricker Nikki H. , Therneau Terry M. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jack Clifford R. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTo operationalize the National Institute on Aging – Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) Research Framework for Alzheimer's Disease 6‐stage continuum of clinical progression for persons with abnormal amyloid.MethodsThe Mayo Clinic Study of Aging is a population‐based longitudinal study of aging and cognitive impairment in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We evaluated persons without dementia having 3 consecutive clinical visits. Measures for cross‐sectional categories included objective cognitive impairment (OBJ) and function (FXN). Measures for change included subjective cognitive impairment (SCD), objective cognitive change (ΔOBJ), and new onset of neurobehavioral symptoms (ΔNBS). We calculated frequencies of the stages using different cutoff points and assessed stability of the stages over 15 months.ResultsAmong 243 abnormal amyloid participants, the frequencies of the stages varied with age: 66 to 90% were classified as stage 1 at age 50 but at age 80, 24 to 36% were stage 1, 32 to 47% were stage 2, 18 to 27% were stage 3, 1 to 3% were stage 4 to 6, and 3 to 9% were indeterminate. Most stage 2 participants were classified as stage 2 because of abnormal ΔOBJ only (44–59%), whereas 11 to 21% had SCD only, and 9 to 13% had ΔNBS only. Short‐term stability varied by stage and OBJ cutoff points but the most notable changes were seen in stage 2 with 38 to 63% remaining stable, 4 to 13% worsening, and 24 to 41% improving (moving to stage 1).InterpretationThe frequency of the stages varied by age and the precise membership fluctuated by the parameters used to define the stages. The staging framework may require revisions before it can be adopted for clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1145–1156
Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa: A New Subcutaneous Treatment for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rosebraugh Matthew , Voight Eric A. , Moussa Ehab M. , Jameel Feroz , Lou Xiaochun , Zhang Geoff G. Z. , Mayer Peter T. , Stolarik Deanne , Carr Robert A. , Enright Brian P. , Liu Wei , Facheris Maurizio F. , Kym Philip R. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe aim was to demonstrate that continuous s.c. infusion of a soluble levodopa (LD)/carbidopa (CD) phosphate prodrug combination effectively delivers stable LD exposure via a minimally invasive and convenient mode and has the potential to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who are not well controlled on oral medication.MethodsFoslevodopa and foscarbidopa were prepared and the equilibrium solubility and chemical stability examined in aqueous media with different values of pH. Solutions of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (ratios ranging from 4:1 to 20:1) were prepared by dissolving pH‐adjusted lyophilized materials in water and infused s.c. in healthy volunteers for ≤72 hours. Frequent blood samples were collected to measure LD and CD exposure, and safety was monitored throughout the study.ResultsFoslevodopa/foscarbidopa (ABBV‐951) demonstrates high water solubility and excellent chemical stability near physiological pH, enabling continuous s.c. infusion therapy. After s.c. infusion, a stable LD pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was maintained for ≤72 hours, and the infusion was well tolerated.InterpretationPreparation of foslevodopa and foscarbidopa enables preclinical and clinical PK, safety, and tolerability studies in support of their advancement for the treatment of PD. In phase 1 clinical trials, foslevodopa/foscarbidopa demonstrates consistent and stable LD plasma exposure, supporting further studies of this treatment as a potentially transformational option for those suffering from PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:52–61
A Terminal Imido Complex of an Iron–Sulfur Cluster
Authors: Sridharan Arun , Brown Alexandra C. , Suess Daniel L. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of the first terminal imido complex of an Fe–S cluster, (IMes)3Fe4S4=NDipp (2; IMes=1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), which is generated by oxidative group transfer from DippN3 to the all‐ferrous cluster (IMes)3Fe4S4(PPh3). This two‐electron process is achieved by formal one‐electron oxidation of the imido‐bound Fe site and one‐electron oxidation of two IMes‐bound Fe sites. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies establish that the Fe–imido site is best described as a high‐spin Fe3+ center, which is manifested in its long Fe−N(imido) distance of 1.763(2) Å. Cluster 2 abstracts hydrogen atoms from 1,4‐cyclohexadiene to yield the corresponding anilido complex, demonstrating competency for C−H activation.
Single‐Atom Pd Nanozyme for Ferroptosis‐Boosted Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Hou Zhiyao , Wang Man , Yang Chunzheng , Wang Ruifeng , Li Fang , Liu Donglian , Peng Tieli , Li Chunxia , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is an extremely promising tumor therapeutic modality. However, excessive heat inevitably injures normal tissues near tumors, and the damage to cancer cells caused by mild hyperthermia is easily repaired by stress‐induced heat shock proteins (HSPs). Thus, maximizing the PTT efficiency and minimizing the damage to healthy tissues simultaneously by adopting appropriate therapeutic temperatures is imperative. Herein, an innovative strategy is reported: ferroptosis‐boosted mild PTT based on a single‐atom nanozyme (SAzyme). The Pd SAzyme with atom‐economical utilization of catalytic centers exhibits peroxidase (POD) and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx) mimicking activities, and photothermal conversion performance, which can result in ferroptosis featuring the up‐regulation of lipid peroxides (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of LPO and ROS provides a powerful approach for cleaving HSPs, which enables Pd SAzyme‐mediated mild‐temperature PTT.
Transformation of bio‐derived levulinic acid to gamma‐valerolactone by cyclopentadienone ruthenium(0) catalyst precursors bearing simple supporting ligands
Authors: Ngumbu Denis M. , Kapfunde Tsitsi A. , Oklu Novisi K. , Makhubela Banothile C. E. 
Published: March 2021

Hydrogenation of bio‐based levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) was carried out using new cyclopentadienone ruthenium(0) complexes as catalyst precursors. These new complexes were obtained by reaction of cyclopentadione ruthenium(0) with widely available amino, pyridyl and phosphino ligands (L1–L6) using bridging N–N, P–N, or monodentate P or N donor frameworks. The hydrogenation reactions proceeded efficiently using formic acid as a hydrogen source and a low catalyst loading (0.2 mol%) in a benign solvent. At 120°C, up to 1,882 TON and >99% LA conversions and selectivities to GVL were seen, and the catalysts could be recycled up to four times with consistent activity and selectivity. In situ NMR studies show that hydrogen gas was generated from formic acid decomposition with simultaneous release of carbon dioxide. Ru‐hydride species have been detected, by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of the active catalyst is proposed along with a plausible reaction pathway.