bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in the glaciated Karuxung River catchment, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xiao Xiong , Wang Lijie , Zeng Chen , Yu Zhengliang , Wang Guanxing , Shi Xiaonan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro‐geochemical data indicated that silicate weathering in this area was inhibited by low temperatures, while carbonate weathering was promoted by the abundant clastic rocks with fresh surfaces produced by glacial action. Carbonate weathering dominated the riverine solute generation (with a contribution of 58%, 51%, and 43% at the QiangYong Glacier (QYG), the WengGuo Hydrological Station (WGHS), and the lake estuary (LE), respectively). The oxidation of pyrite contributed to 35%, 42%, and 30% of the riverine solutes, while silicate weathering contributed to 5%, 6%, and 26% of the riverine solutes at the QYG, WGHS, and LE, respectively. The alluvial deposit of easily weathering fine silicate minerals, the higher air temperature, plant density, and soil thickness at the downstream LE in comparison to upstream and midstream may lead to longer contact time between pore water and mineral materials, thus enhancing the silicate weathering. Because of the involvement of sulfuric acid produced by the oxidation of pyrite, carbonate weathering in the upstream and midstream did not consume atmospheric CO2, resulting in the high rate of carbonate weathering (73.9 and 75.6 t km−2 yr−1, respectively, in maximum) and potential net release of CO2 (with an upper constraint of 35.6 and 35.2 t km−2 yr−1, respectively) at the QYG and WGHS. The above results indicate the potential of the glaciated area of the Tibetan Plateau with pyrite deposits being a substantial natural carbon source, which deserves further investigation.
Longer looking to agent with false belief at 7 but not 6 months of age
Authors: Hirshkowitz Amy , Rutherford M.D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheory of mind refers to the ability to reason about others' beliefs and to understand others' behaviour in terms of those beliefs. A large body of previous research has examined theory of mind reasoning in young children using false belief tasks, but tasks to examine this capacity during infancy have only been developed more recently. This research used stimuli developed by Kovács, et al., Science, 2010, 330, 1830–1834, to measure looking time to an agent with a false belief in infants aged 6 and 7 months. Using an eye‐tracking procedure, we found looking behaviour consistent with 7‐month‐olds distinguishing an agent who has a false belief from one who has a true belief, consistent with the results reported by Kovács et al. We did not find evidence of this looking preference among 6‐month‐olds.
How Language Matters: Using Ethnographic Writing to Portray and Reflect on Languaging Actions
Authors: Beach Richard , Caraballo Limarys 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined 12th‐grade students’ portrayals of their use of different types of languaging actions through ethnographic writing about their participation in sports teams or peer groups and explicit prompted reflections about their languaging actions portrayed in their writing. Analysis of different types of languaging actions indicated that students were most likely to portray and reflect on actions related to building supportive relations with others. They also identified actions involving enacting roles/identities, using “insider language,” expression of beliefs/values and emotions/feelings, coping with conflicts, use of humor/joking, assuming leadership roles, and interacting with adults/coaches. These results suggest the value of students using writing to portray and reflect on the use of languaging actions to enact relations with others, reflection that serves to foster growth in their languaging over time. There is also a need for further research on students’ use of writing to portray different types of supportive relations through languaging.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Bone Health and Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Noel Sabrina E , Santos Michelly P , Wright Nicole C 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a bone disease classified by deterioration of bone microarchitecture and decreased bone strength, thereby increasing subsequent risk of fracture. In the United States, approximately 54 million adults aged 50 years and older have osteoporosis or are at risk due to low bone mass. Osteoporosis has long been viewed as a chronic health condition affecting primarily non-Hispanic white (NHW) women; however, emerging evidence indicates racial and ethnic disparities in bone outcomes and osteoporosis management. The primary objective of this review is to describe disparities in bone mineral density (BMD), prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture, as well as in screening and treatment of osteoporosis among non-Hispanic black (NHB), Hispanic, and Asian adults compared with NHW adults living on the US mainland. The following areas were reviewed: BMD, osteoporosis prevalence, fracture prevalence and incidence, postfracture outcomes, DXA screening, and osteoporosis treatments. Although there are limited studies on bone and fracture outcomes within Asian and Hispanic populations, findings suggest that there are differences in bone outcomes across NHW, NHB, Asian, and Hispanic populations. Further, NHB, Asian, and Hispanic populations may experience suboptimal osteoporosis management and postfracture care, although additional population-based studies are needed. There is also evidence that variation in BMD and osteoporosis exists within major racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the need for research in individual groups by origin or background. Although there is a clear need to prioritize future quantitative and qualitative research in these populations, initial strategies for addressing bone health disparities are discussed. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Arbutin exerts anticancer activity against rat C6 glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the inflammatory markers and P13/Akt/mTOR cascade
Authors: Yang Zhangkai , Shi Hangyu , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Salmen Saleh H. , Alharbi Sulaiman A. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan , Arulselvan Palanisamy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGliomas are a type of brain cancer that occurs in the supporting glial cells of the brain. It is highly malignant and accounts for 80% of brain tumors with high mortality and morbidity. Phytomedicines are potent alternatives for allopathic drugs which cause side effects. They have been used from ancient times by traditional Chinese, Ayurveda, and Siddha medicine. Arubtin is a glycoside phytochemical extracted from plants and belongs to the family of Ericaceae. Arbutin possesses various pharmacological properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and so on. Hence in the present study, we analyzed the anticancer potency of arbutin against rat C6 glioma cells. Rat C6 glioma cells were procured from American Type Culture Collection and the cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute‐1640 medium. To assess the cytotoxicity effect of the arbutin against C6 glioma cells, an 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test was performed with different doses from 10 to 60 µM. Arbutin effectively induced apoptosis in the cells and the IC50 dose was obtained at 30 µM. For further studies, we selected the 30 µM IC50 dose and a higher dose of 40 µM. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated were analyzed with DCFDA/H2DCFDA stain and the destruction of mitochondrial membrane permeability which is the initiator of apoptosis was analyzed with a cationic stain Rhodamine 123. Dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide was performed to assess the viable and dead cells. Cell adhesion properties of glioma cells were analyzed with Matrigel assay. The apoptotic, inflammatory, and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecules were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to confirm the anticancer effect of arbutin. Arbutin generated excessive ROS and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane, which induced apoptosis in cells, it also inhibited the cell adhesion property of C6 glioma cells. qPCR analysis clearly indicates arbutin increases the apoptotic genes and decreased the inflammatory and PI3K/mTOR signaling molecules. Overall, our results authentically confirm that arbutin can be a potent alternative for treating glioma.
Maximum w‐cyclic holey group divisible packings with block size three and applications to optical orthogonal codes
Authors: Fang Zenghui , Zhou Junling , Wang Lidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate combinatorial constructions for ‐cyclic holey group divisible packings with block size three (3‐HGDPs). For any positive integers with , the exact number of base blocks of a maximum ‐cyclic 3‐HGDP of type is determined. This result is used to determine the exact number of codewords in a maximum three‐dimensional optical orthogonal code with at most one optical pulse per spatial plane and per wavelength plane.
Extended near Skolem sequences Part I
Authors: Baker Cathy A. , Linek Vaclav , Shalaby Nabil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA ‐extended ‐near Skolem sequence of order , denoted by , is a sequence , where and for each integer there are two indices such that and . For a to exist it is necessary that when and when , and it is also necessary that . Any triple satisfying these conditions is called admissible. In this article, which is part I of three articles, we construct sequences for all admissible with and also for all admissible with and .
Investigation of direct and indirect association of ultra‐processed food intake and periodontitis
Authors: Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo , Martinez‐Steele Eurídice , Thomson William Murray , Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐processed foods are associated with both sugar intake and non‐communicable diseases. We aimed to assess whether the intake of ultra‐processed food is associated with periodontal disease and whether this association, if present, is dependent on non‐communicable diseases.MethodsThis analysis used data from cycles 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including participants aged 30 years or older. Dietary recalls were categorized according to the NOVA classification, and total contribution of ultra‐processed foods to daily energy intake (%E) was calculated. Cases of periodontitis were defined as moderate or severe according to the CDC working group criteria for use in population surveillance of periodontitis. Adjustment variables to estimate total and direct associations were defined with directed acyclic graphs. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression for moderate/severe periodontitis and severe periodontitis, and ordinal logistic regression for the trichotomized outcome. Analyses were performed using NHANES fasting subsample weights.ResultsSample participants numbered 4809 (52.2% female), with a mean age of 52.1 years (SE, 0.3). The prevalence of periodontal disease was 27.8% for moderate and 6.5% for severe cases. Mean %E from ultra‐processed foods was 54.4 (SE, 0.5). No significant crude, direct, or total association between ultra‐processed %E and periodontal disease was found.ConclusionIntake of ultra‐processed foods is not associated with periodontal disease in US non‐institutionalized adults over 30 years old, whether directly or by mediation.
Highly variable sediment deposition in Lake Imandra, NW Russia, since the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Lenz Matthias , Lebas Elodie , Lenz Marlene M. , Fedorov Grigory , Gromig Raphael , Kolka Vasili , Krastel Sebastian , Leicher Niklas , Melles Martin , Wagner Bernd 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTo understand the dynamics of sediment deposition and the potential influences of complex current systems in large lakes, Lake Imandra (Kola Peninsula) has been investigated. Seismic and echo‐sounder data of the central part of Bolshaya Imandra reveal the sediment architecture in unprecedented detail. In addition, the sediment core data indicate highly variable depositional processes since the Late Pleistocene. The complex morphology of the lacustrine basin favoured accumulation of sediment in depressions, where they were preserved from erosion. Three main stratigraphic units (SU I–III) were identified above the acoustic basement. The oldest SU III is best preserved along a tectonic trench and interpreted as glacial deposits partly eroded by the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2. The overlying SU II deposits are regarded as a till related to MIS 2 glaciation. The youngest SU I represents glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediment deposited after ice retreat. As the north–south‐trending main axis of Bolshaya Imandra runs parallel to the predominant wind direction, the basin is subject to strong wind‐induced surficial currents and compensatory subsurface currents. These currents occur in water depth of 0–15 and deeper than 30 m, respectively, and their velocity prevents sediment accumulation.
LncRNA CASC2 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma progression through forming feedback loop with miR‐21/p53 axis
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Hui , Zhou Juan , Hu Guo‐Hong , Liu Jie , Li Wen‐Can , Lai Xi‐Hua , Liu Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. Currently, the survival rate of LUAD patients remains low due to heterogeneity and high invasiveness. The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is reported to be related to LUAD development. Hence, we investigate the roles and regulatory mechanism of CASC2 in LUAD. The expression levels of CASC2, microRNA (miR)‐21, and p53 were quantified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the protein levels of Bax, Bcl‐2, p53, and p21 were examined using western blotting. A dual‐luciferase reporter experiment was conducted to prove the molecular interactions between CASC2 and miR‐21 or p53. CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. CASC2 was expressed at a low level in LUAD patients and LUAD cell lines. CASC2 overexpression markedly suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Mechanistically, CASC2 overexpression dramatically inhibited miR‐21 expression and increased p53 expression by directly targeting miR‐21. Moreover, rescue experiments suggested that either miR‐21 overexpression or p53 silencing obviously weakened the biological effects of CASC2 overexpression. In addition, p53 was proven to be an upstream transcription factor of CASC2 and can activate CASC2 transcription. These results provide evidence that the lncRNA CASC2/miR‐21/p53 form a positive feedback loop to mediate cell proliferation and apoptosis in LUAD, which may provide a new insight into the pathological mechanisms of LUAD.
Comparison of the effect of ticagrelor combined with tirofiban versus clopidogrel combined with tirofiban on inflammation response and prognosis of patients with unstable angina pectoris in long term follow‐up
Authors: Deng Li , Jia Hai‐Zhen , Li Mao‐Chun , Zhu Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect of ticagrelor combined with tirofiban versus clopidogrel combined with tirofiban on inflammation response and prognosis of patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA). The present prospective study included a total of 291 patients who were diagnosed as unstable UA from January 2018 to December 2019. All UA patients were divided into two groups: ticagrelor combined with tirofiban group (n = 159) and clopidogrel combined with tirofiban group (n = 132). Serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 were measured using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) curve was performed for analysis of cumulative incidences of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Both ticagrelor combined with tirofiban and clopidogrel combined with tirofiban significantly decreased the serum levels of inflammatory factors in UA patients. Compared to clopidogrel combined with the tirofiban group, ticagrelor combined with the tirofiban group had a lower platelet aggregation rate and improved cardiac function of UA patients. Besides, ticagrelor combined with tirofiban group had a better prognosis and the K‐M curve showed that UA patients treated by ticagrelor and tirofiban had lower incidences of MACEs in one‐year follow‐up. The treatment of ticagrelor combined with tirofiban significantly attenuated inflammation response and improved the prognosis of UA patients.
Exosomal microRNA‐15a from ACHN cells aggravates clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the BTG2/PI3K/AKT axis
Authors: Li Dao‐Yuan , Lin Fei‐Fei , Li Guo‐Ping , Zeng Fan‐Chang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccumulating studies have indicated that exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) can mediate clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) at the early stage, but the mechanisms remain to be specified. Here, we investigated the mechanism of exosomal miR‐15a in ccRCC. After successful isolation of exosomes from RCC cells, we found that miR‐15a was upregulated in ccRCC cells. Moreover, upregulation of miR‐15a by pre‐miR‐15a promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ccRCC cells. A luciferase assay revealed that B‐cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was a target gene of miR‐15a and negatively correlated with miR‐15a expression. BTG2 was poorly expressed in ccRCC, which reduced the proliferation of ccRCC cells. In addition, overexpression of BTG2 could reverse the promotive effects of miR‐15a on ccRCC. Furthermore, BTG2 reduced PI3K/AKT pathway activity. Our results collectively indicated that exosomal miR‐15a from RCC cells accelerated cell viability by downregulating BTG2 and promoting the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exosomal miR‐15a exerted pro‐proliferatory effects on ccRCC, highlighting the potential of exosomal miR‐15a as a target for ccRCC prognosis.
Above and Beyond: Periorbital Suspension for Endoscopic Access to Difficult Frontal Sinus Pathology
Authors: Tilak Ashwini , Purvis Joshua , Peña‐Garcia Alejandro , Moore Lindsay , Cho Do‐Yeon , Grayson Jessica W. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe periorbital suspension (PS) is an advanced adjunctive technique performed during endoscopic approaches to frontal sinus pathology that would be too far lateral or superior to address using traditional endoscopic transnasal approaches. The objectives of this study are to characterize the utility of this technique for frontal sinus pathology, determine anatomic limitations, and assess clinical outcomes following surgical treatment.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsPatient data including demographics, etiology, technique, complications, and clinical follow‐up were collected. Preoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed for maximum lateral and superior extent of pathology, supraorbital recess height, anterio‐posterior (AP) diameter of the frontal sinus, interorbital distance, and orbital—first olfactory neuron distance.ResultsThe PS approach was used in 30 surgeries (29 patients) for cerebrospinal fluid leaks (n = 5), benign tumors (n = 17), malignant tumors (n = 5), allergic fungal sinusitis (n = 2), and mucocele (n = 1) between 2018 and 2020. Approaches included 15 Draf IIB and 15 Draf III frontal sinusotomies. All pathology was surgically accessible using the PS approach and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Postoperative follow‐up was 11.7 ± 7.6 months. Mean recorded measurements (in mm) were as follows: maximum lateral extent −15.0 ± 7.7, superior extent 21.2 ± 7.7 in surgical plane and 20.9 ± 9.8 in the vertical plane, supraorbital recess height −2.6 ± 1.9, AP frontal sinus diameter −13.2 ± 4.7, interorbital distance −29.8 ± 5.4, and orbital‐olfactory neuron distance −14.8 ± 2.9.ConclusionsThe PS technique can be safely and successfully utilized to provide endoscopic endonasal access to lateral and superior frontal sinus pathology.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:538–544, 2022
Freshwater inflow and responses from estuaries across a climatic gradient: An assessment of northwestern Gulf of Mexico estuaries based on stable isotopes
Authors: Marshall Danielle A. , La Peyre Megan K. , Palmer Terence A. , Guillou Gaël , Sterba‐Boatwright Blair D. , Beseres Pollack Jennifer , Lebreton Benoit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstuaries exist across a large climatic gradient in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, capturing a range of hydrologic conditions and estuarine functioning. We examined freshwater inflow, salinity, and stable isotope compositions (δ13C, δ15N) of oysters, suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM), and surface sediment organic matter (SSOM) from five estuaries across the hydrologic gradient. All five estuaries experienced large decreases in freshwater inflow over the last 40 yr, with three estuaries being subject to freshwater inflow reductions of more than 85%. Generally, these freshwater inflow decreases were associated with estuarine salinity increases. Across the spatial gradient, average salinity generally increased from northeast to southwest estuaries. SPOM in the northeastern, lower salinity estuaries generally contained more continental organic matter and was of higher quality (i.e., lower C/chlorophyll a ratio), as compared to southwestern, higher salinity estuaries. Similarly, both SSOM and oyster δ13C values were positively correlated with salinity, further highlighting that food webs in lower salinity estuaries are more greatly influenced by continental organic matter than those in higher salinity estuaries. A decrease in the connectivity between continental and coastal habitats may have broad consequences for flows of organic matter, and estuarine function and health. Conducting studies across large‐scale hydrologic gradients can provide a useful approach to informing and predicting shifts in estuarine functioning.