bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equality of Opportunity and Antitrust: The Curious Case of College Rankings
Authors: Stavroulaki Theodosia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rankings increasingly dominate our world. We use them to choose just about everything—from which pizza or ice cream to buy, to which doctors to trust with our health, to which universities to trust with our intellectual growth and flourishing. But should we trust them? Taking popular academic rankings as an example, such as the U.S. News rankings, this article contends not necessarily, for several reasons. First, because as this article argues, the U.S. News rankings may mislead rather than inform consumers. Second, by fueling a prestige battle between universities, the U.S. News rankings incentivize universities to harm cultural and economic diversity—important facets of educational quality. These conclusions, critical in their own right, raise additional important but underexplored questions for antitrust law. Should universities be allowed to boycott the U.S. News rankings so that they can free themselves of the prestige battle in which they participate? Can an “antirankings boycott” be justified by antitrust law on the basis that it may allow universities to promote diversity and increase access to the underserved? Although these questions are not easy to address, they are at the heart of this article.
Be My Safe Haven: Parent–Child Relationships and Emotional Health During COVID-19
Authors: Bate Jordan , Pham Phoebe T , Borelli Jessica L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Since March 2020, millions of children have been confined to their homes and restricted from in-person activities, radically changing the dynamics of parent–child relationships. This study examines the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact and the mental health of parents and school-aged children; specifically, whether qualities of the parent–child relationship moderated the relationship between parents’ emotional health (EH) and children’s emotional and behavioral health (EBH).

Methods
Data from this Internet-based study of a community sample were collected in March–May 2020. Parents (N = 158, 92.4% White, 96.2% female) reported on COVID-19 impacts, their own EH, perceptions of their relationship with their eldest child between 6 and 12 years-old, and the EBH of that child.

Results
Responses to questions about COVID-19 impact were assigned weighted values and used to create a COVID-19 impact scale. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that greater COVID-19 impact was associated with greater parents’ EH issues only, and parents’ EH was a significant positive predictor of children’s EBH. Positive qualities and conflict in the parent–child relationship moderated the link between parents’ and children’s EH. At higher levels of relationship conflict and lower levels of positivity, there were stronger positive associations between parents’ and children’s EH. Parent–child relationship quality did not moderate the association between parents’ EH and children’s behavioral health (BH).

Conclusions
These cross-sectional study results suggest that beyond focusing on symptom management, families may benefit from supports targeting the parent–child relationship. Insights and implications for practitioners are discussed.
A rare case of idiopathic intrauterine intestinal volvulus complicated with intestinal perforation: a case report from Syria
Authors: Khoury Victor , Omran Ammar , Taishori Norma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fetal intestinal volvulus is rare, but it is a serious condition due to its life-threatening complications.
The bowel loop becomes twisted; thus, impaired venous return leads to bowel necrosis.
Prenatal volvulus is most secondary to intestinal atresia, arterial supply defect or without any underlying cause, with consideration that cystic fibrosis is the cause of the intestinal obstruction, because of meconium ileus.
We report a case of prenatal volvulus complicated with intestinal perforation and meconium peritonitis in the context of meconium ileus.
How unbiased statistical methods lead to biased scientific discoveries: A case study of the Efron–Petrosian statistic applied to the luminosity-redshift evolution of gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Bryant Christopher Michael , Osborne Joshua Alexander , Shahmoradi Amir 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Statistical methods are frequently built upon assumptions that limit their applicability to certain problems and conditions. Failure to recognize these limitations can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or biased. An example of such methods is the non-parametric Efron–Petrosian test statistic used in the studies of truncated data. We argue and show how the inappropriate use of this statistical method can lead to biased conclusions when the assumptions under which the method is valid do not hold. We do so by reinvestigating the evidence recently provided by multiple independent reports on the evolution of the luminosity/energetics distribution of cosmological Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with redshift. We show that the effects of detection threshold have been likely significantly underestimated in the majority of previous studies. This underestimation of detection threshold leads to severely incomplete LGRB samples that exhibit strong apparent luminosity-redshift or energetics-redshift correlations. We further confirm our findings by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the cosmic rates and the luminosity/energy distributions of LGRBs and their detection process.
A massive open cluster hiding in full sight
Authors: Negueruela I , Chené A-N , Tabernero H M , Dorda R , Borissova J , Marco A , Kurtev R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Obscuration and confusion conspire to limit our knowledge of the inner Milky Way. Even at moderate distances, the identification of stellar systems becomes compounded by the extremely high density of background sources. Here, we provide a very revealing example of these complications by unveiling a large, massive, young cluster in the Sagittarius arm that has escaped detection until now despite containing more than 30 stars brighter than G = 13. By combining Gaia DR2 astrometry, Gaia and 2MASS photometry, and optical spectroscopy, we find that the new cluster, which we name Valparaiso 1, located at $\sim 2.3\,$ kpc, is about 75 Ma old and includes a large complement of evolved stars, among which we highlight the 4 d classical Cepheid CM Sct and an M-type giant that probably represents the first detection of an asymptotic giant branch star in a Galactic young open cluster. Although strong differential reddening renders accurate parameter determination unfeasible with the current data set, direct comparison to clusters of similar age suggests that Valparaiso 1 was born as one of the most massive clusters in the solar neighbourhood, with an initial mass close to $10^{4}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$.
The contribution of globular clusters to cosmic reionization
Authors: Ma Xiangcheng , Quataert Eliot , Wetzel Andrew , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Boylan-Kolchin Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the escape fraction of ionizing photons (fesc) in two cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxies in the reionization era with halo mass Mhalo ∼ 1010 and $10^{11}\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ (stellar mass M* ∼ 107 and $10^9\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$) at z = 5 from the Feedback in Realistic Environments project. These simulations explicitly resolve the formation of proto-globular clusters (GCs) self-consistently, where 17–39 per cent of stars form in bound clusters during starbursts. Using post-processing Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations of ionizing radiation, we compute fesc from cluster stars and non-cluster stars formed during a starburst over ∼100 Myr in each galaxy. We find that the averaged fesc over the lifetime of a star particle follows a similar distribution for cluster stars and non-cluster stars. Clusters tend to have low fesc in the first few Myr, presumably because they form preferentially in more extreme environments with high optical depths; the fesc increases later as feedback starts to destroy the natal cloud. On the other hand, some non-cluster stars formed between cluster complexes or in the compressed shells at the front of a superbubble can also have high fesc. We find that cluster stars on average have comparable fesc to non-cluster stars. This result is robust across several star formation models in our simulations. Our results suggest that the fraction of ionizing photons from proto-GCs to cosmic reionization is comparable to the cluster formation efficiencies in high-redshift galaxies and thus proto-GCs likely contribute an appreciable fraction of photons but are not the dominant sources for reionization.
Multiwavelength monitoring and reverberation mapping of a changing look event in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516
Authors: Oknyansky V L , Brotherton M S , Tsygankov S S , Dodin A V , Bao D-W , Zhao B-X , Du P , Burlak M A , Ikonnikova N P , Tatarnikov A M , Belinski A A , Fedoteva A A , Shatsky N I , Mishin E O , Zheltouhov S G , Potanin S A , Wang J-M , McLane J N , Kobulnicky H A , Dale D A , Zastrocky T E , Maithil J , Olson K A , Adelman C , Carter Z , Murphree A M , Oeur M , Schonsberg S , Roth T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaigns of the changing look AGN NGC 3516 carried out in 2018 to 2020 covering the wavelength range from the X-ray to the optical. The facilities included the telescopes of the CMO SAI MSU, the 2.3-m WIRO telescope, and the XRT and UVOT of Swift. We found that NGC 3516 brightened to a high state and could be classified as Sy1.5 during the late spring of 2020. We have measured time delays in the responses of the Balmer and He ii λ4686 lines to continuum variations. In the case of the best-characterized broad H β line, the delay to continuum variability is about 17 d in the blue wing and is clearly shorter, 9 d, in the red, which is suggestive of inflow. As the broad lines strengthened, the blue side came to dominate the Balmer lines, resulting in very asymmetric profiles with blueshifted peaks during this high state. During the outburst the X-ray flux reached its maximum on 2020 April 1 and it was the highest value ever observed for NGC 3516 by the Swift observatory. The X-ray hard photon index became softer, ∼1.8 in the maximum on 2020 April 21 compared to the mean ∼0.7 during earlier epochs before 2020. We have found that the UV and optical variations correlated well (with a small time delay of 1–2 d) with the X-ray until the beginning of 2020 April, but later, until the end of 2020 June, these variations were not correlated. We suggest that this fact may be a consequence of partial obscuration by Compton-thick clouds crossing the line of sight.
A pilot study of interplanetary scintillation with FAST
Authors: Liu Li-Jia , Peng Bo , Yu Lei , Yu Ye-Zhao , Lu Ji-Guang , Liu Bin , Chang O , Bisi M M ,   FAST Collaboration, Qiu Yu-Hai , Zhang Xi-Zhen , Zhang Cheng-Min , Xiong Ming , Fallow R A , Tokumaru M , Mejia-Ambriz Julio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) are an efficient remote-sensing method to study the solar wind and inner heliosphere. From 2016 to 2018, some distinctive observations of IPS sources like 3C 286 and 3C 279 were accomplished with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), the largest single-dish telescope in the world. Due to the 270–1620 MHz wide frequency coverage of the ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver, one can use both single-frequency and dual-frequency analyses to determine the projected velocity of the solar wind. Moreover, based on the extraordinary sensitivity owing to the large collecting surface area of FAST, we can observe weak IPS signals. With the advantages of both the wider frequency coverage and high sensitivity, and also with our radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation strategy and an optimized model-fitting method, in this paper we analyse the fitting confidence intervals of the solar wind velocity and present some preliminary results achieved using FAST, which point to the current FAST system being highly capable of carrying out observations of IPS.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: N-body mock challenge for the eBOSS emission line galaxy sample
Authors: Alam Shadab , de Mattia Arnaud , Tamone Amélie , Ávila S , Peacock John A , Gonzalez-Perez V , Smith Alex , Raichoor Anand , Ross Ashley J , Bautista Julian E , Burtin Etienne , Comparat Johan , Dawson Kyle S , du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Escoffier Stéphanie , Gil-Marín Héctor , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin , Hou Jiamin , Mohammad Faizan G , Mueller Eva-Maria , Neveux Richard , Paviot Romain , Percival Will J , Rossi Graziano , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Tojeiro Rita , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Zhao Cheng , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cosmological growth can be measured in the redshift space clustering of galaxies targeted by spectroscopic surveys. Accurate prediction of clustering of galaxies will require understanding galaxy physics, which is a very hard and highly non-linear problem. Approximate models of redshift space distortion (RSD) take a perturbative approach to solve the evolution of dark matter and galaxies in the universe. In this paper, we focus on extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic (eBOSS) emission line galaxies (ELGs) that live in intermediate mass haloes. We create a series of mock catalogues using haloes from the Multidark and outer rim dark matter only N-body simulations. Our mock catalogues include various effects inspired by baryonic physics such as assembly bias and the characteristics of satellite galaxies kinematics, dynamics, and statistics deviating from dark matter particles. We analyse these mocks using the TNS RSD model in Fourier space and the convolution Lagrangian perturbation theory (CLPT) in configuration space. We conclude that these two RSD models provide an unbiased measurement of RSD within the statistical error of our mocks. We obtain the conservative theoretical systematic uncertainty of $3.3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, $1.8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and $1.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in fσ8, α∥, and α⊥, respectively, for the TNS and CLPT models. We note that the estimated theoretical systematic error is an order of magnitude smaller than the statistical error of the eBOSS ELG sample and hence are negligible for the purpose of the current eBOSS ELG analysis.
Population synthesis of accreting white dwarfs: rates and evolutionary pathways of H and He novae
Authors: Kemp Alex J , Karakas Amanda I , Casey Andrew R , Izzard Robert G , Ruiter Ashley J , Agrawal Poojan , Broekgaarden Floor S , Temmink Karel D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Novae are some of the most commonly detected optical transients and have the potential to provide valuable information about binary evolution. Binary population synthesis codes have emerged as the most effective tool for modelling populations of binary systems, but such codes have traditionally employed greatly simplified nova physics, precluding detailed study. In this work, we implement a model treating H and He novae as individual events into the binary population synthesis code binary_c. This treatment of novae represents a significant improvement on the ‘averaging’ treatment currently employed in modern population synthesis codes. We discuss the evolutionary pathways leading to these phenomena and present nova event rates and distributions of several important physical parameters. Most novae are produced on massive white dwarfs, with approximately 70 and 55 per cent of nova events occurring on O/Ne white dwarfs for H and He novae, respectively. Only 15 per cent of H-nova systems undergo a common-envelope phase, but these systems are responsible for the majority of H nova events. All He-accreting He-nova systems are considered post-common-envelope systems, and almost all will merge with their donor star in a gravitational-wave-driven inspiral. We estimate the current annual rate of novae in M31 (Andromeda) to be approximately 41 ± 4 for H novae, underpredicting the current observational estimate of $65^{+15}_{-16}$, and 0.14 ± 0.015 for He novae. When varying common-envelope parameters, the H nova rate varies between 20 and 80 events per year.
Trips-Viz: an environment for the analysis of public and user-generated ribosome profiling data
Authors: Kiniry Stephen J , Judge Ciara E , Michel Audrey M , Baranov Pavel V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Trips-Viz (https://trips.ucc.ie/) is an interactive platform for the analysis and visualization of ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) and shotgun RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. This includes publicly available and user generated data, hence Trips-Viz can be classified as a database and as a server. As a database it provides access to many processed Ribo-Seq and RNA-seq data aligned to reference transcriptomes which has been expanded considerably since its inception. Here, we focus on the server functionality of Trips-viz which also has been greatly improved. Trips-viz now enables visualisation of proteomics data from a large number of processed mass spectrometry datasets. It can be used to support translation inferred from Ribo-Seq data. Users are now able to upload a custom reference transcriptome as well as data types other than Ribo-Seq/RNA-Seq. Incorporating custom data has been streamlined with RiboGalaxy (https://ribogalaxy.ucc.ie/) integration. The other new functionality is the rapid detection of translated open reading frames (ORFs) through a simple easy to use interface. The analysis of differential expression has been also improved via integration of DESeq2 and Anota2seq in addition to a number of other improvements of existing Trips-viz features.
Human methylome variation across Infinium 450K data on the Gene Expression Omnibus
Authors: Maden Sean K , Thompson Reid F , Hansen Kasper D , Nellore Abhinav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile DNA methylation (DNAm) is the most-studied epigenetic mark, few recent studies probe the breadth of publicly available DNAm array samples. We collectively analyzed 35 360 Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K DNAm array samples published on the Gene Expression Omnibus. We learned a controlled vocabulary of sample labels by applying regular expressions to metadata and used existing models to predict various sample properties including epigenetic age. We found approximately two-thirds of samples were from blood, one-quarter were from brain and one-third were from cancer patients. About 19% of samples failed at least one of Illumina’s 17 prescribed quality assessments; signal distributions across samples suggest modifying manufacturer-recommended thresholds for failure would make these assessments more informative. We further analyzed DNAm variances in seven tissues (adipose, nasal, blood, brain, buccal, sperm and liver) and characterized specific probes distinguishing them. Finally, we compiled DNAm array data and metadata, including our learned and predicted sample labels, into database files accessible via the recountmethylation R/Bioconductor companion package. Its vignettes walk the user through some analyses contained in this paper.
Street Music
Authors: Watt Paul , Bacchieri Daniel 
Published: April 2021

For centuries, street musicians, or buskers, have been plying their trade the world over. However, the study of street music and musicians is an emerging field of research. It is richly interdisciplinary and reaches into many fields, including anthropology, art history, cultural studies, ethnomusicology, human geography, law and legal studies, marketing, and musicology, as well as tourism and urban studies. The topics on which scholars write largely include noise and regulation, protest, aesthetics of space, and studies of street musicians in particular cities and countries on every continent. The genres of music include street cries and brass bands, along with studies of solo instruments such as the harp, violin, voice, and accordion. The literature on street music can be categorized into three overlapping areas: historical, ethnographical, and philosophical and social. Historical studies are concentrated on street cries and street singing. Ethnographical studies are evident in a range of historical studies but also in contemporary accounts of artists from New York to Moscow and Rio de Janeiro to Melbourne. Encounters with buskers provide not only insight into the reasons they perform, but also the repertory they play and the influence of audiences and technology on their performance. Where and how musicians perform also tell us about the precarious place street musicians occupy in the cultural economies of place, especially in relation to the use of digital culture and e-commerce as a means of making money and publicity. Philosophical and social inquiry asks questions about the nature of the space street music occupies; the ways in which it is and owned, shared, or a contested space; and the psychology of creativity in the moment of performance for both musician and audience. At the heart of much of the literature on street music is the way street sound and music has been captured over the centuries. Early modern studies rely on texts—and textual analyses—to speculate on the style or mode of singing that street criers and performers used to disseminate their messages or to perform. Studies from the late 18th century rely on artworks such as woodblocks, engravings, etchings, and oil paintings to depict the sound. In the 19th century, musical transcriptions begin to appear as a way to approximate the sound of the street (usually sounds created by solo performers), but today transcription is less of a requirement. Video-recording and other forms of digital imaging are capturing the sounds and music of street musicians and their sometimes international careers. Some studies adopt theoretical approaches drawing on the work of such writers as Michel de Certeau, Erving Goffman, Henri Lefebvre, Jacques Attali, and Richard Florida.
Geography and State Power
Authors: Blevins Cameron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 situates the US Post within the larger landscape of the 19th-century American state. Analyzing the geography of the US Post challenges traditional assumptions about how states are organized and the ways in which they exercise power. First, rather than functioning as a centralized bureaucracy, the US Post operated through the agency model: a decentralized organization in which small tasks are delegated to a scattered workforce of part-time local agents. Second, rather than exercising coercive power, the US Post operated through structural power, or the ability to shape the conditions under which people make decisions. Rather than weaknesses, these features were key to how the US Post was able to rapidly expand over recently conquered territory and, in doing so, tie together the machinery of governance and settler colonization in the western United States.
Postal Maps, 1860–83
Authors: Blevins Cameron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the 1860s and 1870s the US Post underwent a period of breakneck, unstable expansion in the western United States. Chapter 3 details the efforts of postal administrators to track all of these changes through a new mapmaking initiative under a cartographer named Walter Nicholson. The Topographer’s Office offers a window into the efforts of government officials in Washington, DC, to administer the nation’s western periphery. Nicholson’s postal maps were highly sought after across the federal government, offering valuable spatial information about the region that was often in short supply. Yet the struggles of Nicholson and his employees to keep pace with the never-ending flurry of changes to the region’s postal network is a testament to the ongoing barriers to centralized oversight imposed by the geography of the American West.