bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The VMC Survey – XLII. Near-infrared period–luminosity relations for RR Lyrae stars and the structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Cusano F , Moretti M I , Clementini G , Ripepi V , Marconi M , Cioni M-R L , Rubele S , Garofalo A , de Grijs R , Groenewegen M A T , Oliveira J M , Subramanian S , Sun N-C , van Loon J Th 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from an analysis of ∼29 000 RR Lyrae stars located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). For these objects, near-infrared time-series photometry from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC) and optical data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) IV survey and the Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue of confirmed RR Lyrae stars were exploited. Using VMC and OGLE IV magnitudes we derived period–luminosity (PL), period–luminosity–metallicity (PLZ), period–Wesenheit (PW), and period–Wesenheit–metallicity (PWZ) relations in all available bands. More that 7000 RR Lyrae were discarded from the analysis because they appear to be overluminous with respect to the PL relations. The $PL_{K_{\mathrm{s}}}$ relation was used to derive individual distance to ${\sim}22\, 000$ RR Lyrae stars, and study the three-dimensional structure of the LMC. The distribution of the LMC RR Lyrae stars is ellipsoidal with the three axis S1 = 6.5 kpc, S2 = 4.6 kpc, and S3 = 3.7 kpc, inclination i = 22 ± 4° relative to the plane of the sky and position angle of the line of nodes θ = 167 ± 7° (measured from north to east). The north-eastern part of the ellipsoid is closer to us and no particular associated substructures are detected and neither any metallicity gradient.
Modulated accretion in the T Tauri star RY Tau – a stable MHD propeller or a planet at 0.2 au?
Authors: Petrov P P , Romanova M M , Grankin K N , Artemenko S A , Babina E V , Gorda S Yu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Planets are thought to form at the early stage of stellar evolution when mass accretion is still ongoing. RY Tau is a T Tauri type star at the age of a few Myr, with an accretion disc seen at high inclination, so that the line of sight crosses both the wind and accretion gas flows. In a long series of spectroscopic monitoring of the star over the period 2013–2020, we detected variations in H$\, {\alpha }$ and Na i D absorptions at radial velocities of infall (accretion) and outflow (wind) with a period of about 22 d. The absorptions in the infalling and outflowing gas streams vary in antiphase: an increase of infall is accompanied by a decrease of outflow, and vice versa. These ‘flip-flop’ oscillations retain phase over several years of observations. We suggest that this may result from the magnetohydrodynamics processes at the disc–magnetosphere boundary in the propeller mode. Another possibility is that a massive planet is modulating some processes in the disc and is providing the observed effects. The period, if Keplerian, corresponds to a distance of 0.2 au, which is close to the dust sublimation radius in this star. The presence of the putative planet can be confirmed by radial velocity measurements: the expected amplitude is ≥90 m s−1 if the planet mass is ≥2 MJ.
A novel estimator for the equation of state of the IGM by Ly α forest tomography
Authors: Müller Hendrik , Behrens Christoph , Marsh David J E 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a novel procedure to estimate the equation of state of the intergalactic medium in the quasi-linear regime of structure formation based on Ly α forest tomography and apply it to 21 high-quality quasar spectra from the UVES_SQUAD survey at redshift z = 2.5. Our estimation is based on a full tomographic inversion of the line of sight. We invert the data with two different inversion algorithms, the iterative Gauss–Newton method and the regularized probability conservation approach, which depend on different priors and compare the inversion results in flux space and in density space. In this way our method combines fitting of absorption profiles in flux space with an analysis of the recovered density distributions featuring prior knowledge of the matter distribution. Our estimates are more precise than existing estimates, in particular on small redshift bins. In particular, we model the temperature–density relation with a power law and observe for the temperature at mean density $T_0 = 13\,400^{+1700}_{-1300}\, \mathrm{K}$ and for the slope of the power law (polytropic index) γ = 1.42 ± 0.11 for the power-law parameters describing the temperature–density relation. Moreover, we measure an photoionization rate $\Gamma _{-12} = 1.1^{+0.16}_{-0.17}$. An implementation of the inversion techniques used will be made publicly available.
G-Quadruplexes as pathogenic drivers in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Wang Ernest , Thombre Ravi , Shah Yajas , Latanich Rachel , Wang Jiou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractG-quadruplexes (G4s), higher-order DNA and RNA secondary structures featuring guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences with various conformations, are widely distributed in the human genome. These structural motifs are known to participate in basic cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, and translation, and their functions related to health and disease are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we summarize the landscape of G4s involved in major neurodegenerative disorders, describing the genes that contain G4-forming sequences and proteins that have high affinity for G4-containing elements. The functions of G4s are diverse, with potentially protective or deleterious effects in the pathogenic cascades of various neurological diseases. While the studies of the functions of G4s in vivo, including those involved in pathophysiology, are still in their early stages, we will nevertheless discuss the evidence pointing to their biological relevance. A better understanding of this unique structural element in the biological context is important for unveiling its potential roles in the pathogenesis of diseases such as neurodegeneration and for designing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
iNetModels 2.0: an interactive visualization and database of multi-omics data
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Zhang Cheng , Li Xiangyu , Güngör Cem , Çakmak Buğra , Arslantürk Metin , Tebani Abdellah , Özcan Berkay , Subaş Oğuzhan , Zhou Wenyu , Piening Brian , Turkez Hasan , Fagerberg Linn , Price Nathan , Hood Leroy , Snyder Michael , Nielsen Jens , Uhlen Mathias , Mardinoglu Adil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is essential to reveal the associations between various omics data for a comprehensive understanding of the altered biological process in human wellness and disease. To date, very few studies have focused on collecting and exhibiting multi-omics associations in a single database. Here, we present iNetModels, an interactive database and visualization platform of Multi-Omics Biological Networks (MOBNs). This platform describes the associations between the clinical chemistry, anthropometric parameters, plasma proteomics, plasma metabolomics, as well as metagenomics for oral and gut microbiome obtained from the same individuals. Moreover, iNetModels includes tissue- and cancer-specific Gene Co-expression Networks (GCNs) for exploring the connections between the specific genes. This platform allows the user to interactively explore a single feature's association with other omics data and customize its particular context (e.g. male/female specific). The users can also register their data for sharing and visualization of the MOBNs and GCNs. Moreover, iNetModels allows users who do not have a bioinformatics background to facilitate human wellness and disease research. iNetModels can be accessed freely at https://inetmodels.com without any limitation.
Formation and Evolution of a Neoproterozoic Continental Magmatic Arc
Authors: Zhao Jun-Hong , Nebel Oliver , Johnson Tim E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unlike many Archean diorites and granitoids that arguably formed in different geodynamic settings, their post-Archean counterparts are commonly regarded to have formed at convergent margins, although in detail their petrogenesis remains contentious. Here we present new whole-rock data and zircon Hf–O isotope analyses from dioritic (750–730 Ma), granitic (810–790 Ma) and tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG)-like intrusions (800–740 Ma) from the Panxi and Hannan regions, which form part of an extensive Neoproterozoic convergent margin exposed in South China. The dioritic rocks from the Panxi region exhibit high zircon εHf(t) (+10.1 to +13.1) and sub-mantle to mantle-like δ18O (3.1–6.3 ‰) values, whereas those from the Hannan region preserve low εHf(t) (+4.1 to +8.1) and high δ18O values (5.9–6.6 ‰), indicating that the dioritic melts were derived from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle sources and experienced variable degrees of lower crustal contamination. Zircons within granite and TTG from the Panxi region show a narrow range of Hf isotopic compositions generally spanning 2–4 εHf units (+3.1 to +7.9 for most felsic intrusions). By contrast, those from the Hannan region show a much wider range of zircon εHf(t) values spanning almost 10 εHf units (+1.1 to +10.9). Based on their O–Hf–Nd isotopic signatures, we propose that the granite and TTG from both areas were derived through partial melting of hydrated basaltic rocks in the arc root, and that the isotopic variability between the intrusions mirrors spatial and temporal chemical variations in these deep crustal source rocks. In both regions, the granites, along with mantle-derived mafic–ultramafic and intermediate rocks, show a coupled evolution associated with increasing εNd(t) and εHf(t) and decreasing δ18O with decreasing ages, whereas the TTGs formed during late-stage arc magmatism and preserve relatively homogeneous Nd–Hf isotopes and mantle-like δ18O values. Combined, these data record continuous crustal thickening through underplating of juvenile magmas and a progressive increase in the depth of melting, along with a decrease in the degree of interaction between the melts and basement rocks within the arc root. Our results suggest that slab melting was not required to produce post-Archean TTG signatures. Further, we suggest that the variability in the Hf–O–Nd isotopic compositions of metaluminous (I-type) granites mostly does not reflect a heterogeneity in upper mantle signatures, and that there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of partial melts of subducted sediment based on Hf–O isotope signatures in zircon.
Testing the Utility of Alternative Metrics of Branch Support to Address the Ancient Evolutionary Radiation of Tunas, Stromateoids, and Allies (Teleostei: Pelagiaria)
Authors: Arcila Dahiana , Hughes Lily C , Meléndez-Vazquez Bruce , Baldwin Carole C , White William T , Carpenter Kent E , Williams Jeffrey T , Santos Mudjekeewis D , Pogonoski John J , Miya Masaki , Ortí Guillermo , Betancur-R Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of high-throughput sequencing technologies to produce genome-scale data sets was expected to settle some long-standing controversies across the Tree of Life, particularly in areas where short branches occur at deep timescales. Instead, these data sets have often yielded many well-supported but conflicting topologies, and highly variable gene-tree distributions. A variety of branch-support metrics beyond the nonparametric bootstrap are now available to assess how robust a phylogenetic hypothesis may be, as well as new methods to quantify gene-tree discordance. We applied multiple branch-support metrics to a study of an ancient group of marine fishes (Teleostei: Pelagiaria) whose interfamilial relationships have proven difficult to resolve due to a rapid accumulation of lineages very early in its history. We analyzed hundreds of loci including published ultraconserved elements and newly generated exonic data along with their flanking regions to represent all 16 extant families for more than 150 out of 284 valid species in the group. Branch support was typically lower at inter- than intra-familial relationships regardless of the type of marker used. Several nodes that were highly supported with bootstrap had a very low site and gene-tree concordance, revealing underlying conflict. Despite this conflict, we were able to identify four consistent interfamilial clades, each comprised of two or three families. Combining exons with their flanking regions also produced increased branch lengths at the deep branches of the pelagiarian tree. Our results demonstrate the limitations of employing current metrics of branch support and species-tree estimation when assessing the confidence of ancient evolutionary radiations and emphasize the necessity to embrace alternative measurements to explore phylogenetic uncertainty and discordance in phylogenomic data sets.[Concatenation; exons; introns; phylogenomics; species-tree methods; target capture.]
Mackay v Wesley: mistaken trusteeships and sufficiently distinct mistakes
Authors: Gunson Hugh , Watts Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Mackay v Wesley the High Court, on appeal, ordered that a claimant’s acceptance of her appointment as trustee of an offshore trust should be rescinded and set aside on the ground of undue influence. The claimant (Mrs Mackay), for whom the authors acted at first instance and on appeal, brought a claim on the grounds of undue influence, mistake, non est factum, and lack of capacity. The claim was dismissed at first instance but succeeded on appeal. The first-instance decision, of Deputy Master Henderson, contains a number of significant developments to, and arguably departures from, the doctrine of mistake as set out in Pitt v Holt [2013] 2 A.C. 108; [2013] UKSC 26, as well as to trusts law and the nature of appointments of trustees. As the appeal was allowed on the ground of undue influence only (without comment on mistake, the other ground advanced on appeal), the first instance decision remains unchallenged and potentially has important implications for mistake claims in the future.
Electrographic Features of Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures in a Mouse Model of Extended Hippocampal Kindling
Authors: Liu Haiyu , Tufa Uilki , Zahra Anya , Chow Jonathan , Sivanenthiran Nila , Cheng Chloe , Liu Yapg , Cheung Phinehas , Lim Stellar , Jin Yaozhong , Mao Min , Sun Yuqing , Wu Chiping , Wennberg Richard , Bardakjian Berj , Carlen Peter L , Eubanks James H , Song Hongmei , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and comorbidities. Kindling through repetitive brief stimulation of a limbic structure is a commonly used model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Particularly, extended kindling over a period up to a few months can induce SRS, which may simulate slowly evolving epileptogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Currently, electroencephalographic (EEG) features of SRS in rodent models of extended kindling remain to be detailed. We explored this using a mouse model of extended hippocampal kindling. Intracranial EEG recordings were made from the kindled hippocampus and unstimulated hippocampal, neocortical, piriform, entorhinal, or thalamic area in individual mice. Spontaneous EEG discharges with concurrent low-voltage fast onsets were observed from the two corresponding areas in nearly all SRS detected, irrespective of associated motor seizures. Examined in brain slices, epileptiform discharges were induced by alkaline artificial cerebrospinal fluid in the hippocampal CA3, piriform and entorhinal cortical areas of extended kindled mice but not control mice. Together, these in vivo and in vitro observations suggest that the epileptic activity involving a macroscopic network may generate concurrent discharges in forebrain areas and initiate SRS in hippocampally kindled mice.
Assessment of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Sensitivity and Frogeye Leaf Spot Race of Cercospora sojina in Georgia Soybean
Authors: Harrelson Bennett C. , Kemerait Robert C. , Culbreath Albert K. , Ghimire Bikash , Li Zenglu , Severns Paul M. , Buck James W. 
Published: March 2021

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora sojina K. Hara, is a foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) responsible for yield reductions throughout the major soybean-producing regions of the world. In the United States, management of FLS relies heavily on the use of resistant cultivars and in-season fungicide applications, specifically within the class of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), which has resulted in the development of fungicide resistance in many states. In 2018 and 2019, 80 isolates of C. sojina were collected from six counties in Georgia and screened for QoI fungicide resistance using molecular and in vitro assays, with resistant isolates being confirmed from three counties. Additionally, 50 isolates, including a “baseline isolate” with no prior fungicide exposure, were used to determine the percent reduction of mycelial growth to two fungicides, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, at six concentrations: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg ml−1. Mycelial growth observed for resistant isolates varied significantly from both sensitive isolates and baseline isolate for azoxystrobin concentrations of 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 μg ml−1 and for pyraclostrobin concentrations of 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 μg ml−1. Moreover, 40 isolates were used to evaluate pathogen race on six soybean differential cultivars by assessing susceptible or resistant reactions. Isolate reactions suggested 12 races of C. sojina present in Georgia, 4 of which have not been previously described. Species richness indicators (rarefaction and abundance-based coverage estimators) indicated that within-county C. sojina race numbers were undersampled in this study, suggesting the potential for the presence of either additional undescribed races or known but unaccounted for races in Georgia. However, no isolates were pathogenic on ‘Davis’, a differential cultivar carrying the Rcs3 resistance allele, suggesting that the gene is still an effective source of resistance in Georgia.
Update on Liposuction: What All Plastic Surgeons Should Know
Authors: Beidas Omar E. , Gusenoff Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2021

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the types of tumescence available for liposuction. 2. Explain the various modalities available for liposuction. 3. Describe the patient selection, staging, and complications associated with debulking liposuction. 4. Describe ways to optimize outpatient liposuction.

Summary:
Liposuction is one of the most common procedures performed by board-certified plastic surgeons and is likely greatly underestimated, given underreporting of office procedures and the number of non–plastic surgeons performing these operations. With the ever-increasing popularity of liposuction, various methodologies and technology have been designed to make this task simpler and faster for the surgeon and hasten the recovery for the patient. In the past 10 years, over 50 devices or techniques have been released to assist, refine, or altogether replace liposuction. With the advent of these newer tools, a thorough Continuing Medical Education study was performed to review the available literature.
Conformity of the Virtual Surgical Plan to the Actual Result Comparing Five Craniofacial Procedure Types
Authors: Maniskas Seija , Pourtaheri Navid , Chandler Ludmila , Lu Xiaona , Bruckman Karl C. , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The “accuracy” of virtual surgical planning across multiple procedure types is not known. The authors aimed to compare the planned outcome from virtual surgical planning to the actual postoperative outcome for five craniofacial procedure types performed by a single surgeon: implant cranioplasty, cranial vault remodeling, orthognathic surgery, mandible reconstruction, and mandibular distraction.

Methods:
Stereolithography formats were obtained from virtual surgical planning and compared to postoperative computed tomographic scans for consecutive patients who underwent one of the five procedure types. Volumetric renderings of the operated bony region of interest were overlaid and compared using a Boolean operation to compute conformity (as a percentage of the region of interest). Conformity across procedure type was analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni analysis, where appropriate.

Results:
One hundred thirty patients were included (51.5 percent male and 49.5 percent female; mean age, 27 years; 59 orthognathic surgery, 32 cranial vault remodeling, 16 mandible reconstruction, 12 mandibular distraction, and 11 implant cranioplasty patients). The highest tier of conformity was obtained for implant cranioplasty (median, 76.8 ± 10.3 percent) and mandible reconstruction (mean, 69.4 ± 11.2 percent), followed by orthognathic surgery (mean, 55.0 ± 7.3 percent) and mandibular distraction (median, 41.9 ± 20.3 percent), followed by cranial vault remodeling (mean, 22.2 ± 12.1 percent) (p < 0.001 between tiers and p > 0.05 among tiers).

Conclusions:
Virtual surgical planning resulting in custom permanent implants and intraoperative guides provides more predictable results compared to virtual surgical planning used for procedures involving higher degrees of skeletal repositioning and postoperative movement (i.e., mandibular distraction and nonrigid cranial vault remodeling). In cases with expectedly lower conformity, excellent outcomes can be achieved with sound intraoperative judgment.
The Medial Femoral Condyle Flap in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Colen David L. , Kania Katarzyna E. , Othman Sammy , Levin L. Scott , Reece Edward M. , Pederson William C. , Innocenti Marco , Kovach Stephen J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The use of free flaps from the medial femoral condyle has grown in popularity and is now a workhorse in the reconstruction of skeletal defects. The utility of this technique has not yet been described for the pediatric patient population. The authors present their series of pediatric patients who underwent surgery using a medial femoral condyle free flap or a variant thereof in skeletal reconstruction and demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in this population.

Methods:
A multi-institutional retrospective review of patients aged 18 years or younger who required a medial femoral condyle flap for skeletal reconstruction was undertaken. Operative technique, radiographs, and clinical outcomes were recorded. A novel technique (Innocenti) was used to avoid the distal femoral physis in which a Kirschner wire was placed under fluoroscopic guidance just proximal to the growth plate.

Results:
Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria, with an average age of 14.7 years (range, 7 to 18 years) and mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 3 to 120 months). Six were skeletally immature at the time of medial femoral condyle harvest, with the last patient having organic bone disease, putting her at risk for pathologic fracture. All 13 patients achieved bony union, and no patients suffered pathologic fractures or physeal injuries; no patients developed length discrepancies.

Conclusions:
The authors present the first series of corticocancellous medial femoral condyle free flaps in the pediatric population along with a novel technique to avoid injury to the physis in skeletally immature patients. This technique is effective for a variety of skeletal defects or nonunions and is safe for growing patients without causing physeal arrest or growth disturbance.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.