bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on a modeling method of wing deformation under the influence of separation and compound multi-source disturbance
Authors: Zhu Zhuangsheng , Gao Yaxin , Tan Hao , Jia Yue , Xu Qifei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn aircraft wing is the carrier of imaging payload (interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or array SAR) of a high-resolution aerial remote sensing system, and high-precision estimation of wing deformation is the key. There are two main traditional modelling methods for wing deformation, namely stochastic theory modelling and material mechanics modelling only dealing with single disturbance, of which the model parameters are derived from empirical values. Aiming at the complex multi-source disturbance of an aircraft wing, this paper separately probes the influence of external disturbance (air disturbance) and internal disturbance (engine vibration) based on the real-time observation of sensors and classifies the wing deformation on the basis of auto-regressive (AR) modelling for parameter identification. With the authentic flight data of a certain types of aircraft, the experimental analysis shows that the wing deformation under the influence of engine vibration is the 14th-order AR model, and the wing deformation under the influence of turbulence is the fifth-order AR model. Meanwhile, this paper also provides an experimental verification idea for the wing deflection modelling built on the second- or third-order Markov model.
Creation of annotated country-level dialectal Arabic resources: An unsupervised approach
Authors: Althobaiti Maha J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe wide usage of multiple spoken Arabic dialects on social networking sites stimulates increasing interest in Natural Language Processing (NLP) for dialectal Arabic (DA). Arabic dialects represent true linguistic diversity and differ from modern standard Arabic (MSA). In fact, the complexity and variety of these dialects make it insufficient to build one NLP system that is suitable for all of them. In comparison with MSA, the available datasets for various dialects are generally limited in terms of size, genre and scope. In this article, we present a novel approach that automatically develops an annotated country-level dialectal Arabic corpus and builds lists of words that encompass 15 Arabic dialects. The algorithm uses an iterative procedure consisting of two main components: automatic creation of lists for dialectal words and automatic creation of annotated Arabic dialect identification corpus. To our knowledge, our study is the first of its kind to examine and analyse the poor performance of the MSA part-of-speech tagger on dialectal Arabic contents and to exploit that in order to extract the dialectal words. The pointwise mutual information association measure and the geographical frequency of word occurrence online are used to classify dialectal words. The annotated dialectal Arabic corpus (Twt15DA), built using our algorithm, is collected from Twitter and consists of 311,785 tweets containing 3,858,459 words in total. We randomly selected a sample of 75 tweets per country, 1125 tweets in total, and conducted a manual dialect identification task by native speakers. The results show an average inter-annotator agreement score equal to 64%, which reflects satisfactory agreement considering the overlapping features of the 15 Arabic dialects.
Islam and the cognitive study of colonialism: The case of religious and educational reform at Egypt’s al-Azhar
Authors: Nakissa Aria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the emerging Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) provides a valuable new perspective on colonialism. CSR argues that humans are innately inclined towards certain types of religious belief (e.g., belief in spirit beings, belief in immortal souls) and certain types of non-utilitarian morality (e.g., belief in an obligation to care for kin, belief in an obligation to avoid ‘disgusting’ substances or behaviours). These innate inclinations underlie many religious and cultural traditions transformed by colonialism, including Islam. The article suggests that colonial power operates not only by suppressing traditional non-Western institutions but also by suppressing the natural inclinations underlying non-Western traditions. This claim is developed through a study of colonial efforts to transform Egypt’s al-Azhar, the world’s most influential institution of Islamic learning and scholarship. These efforts made al-Azhar into the centre of a global Islamic reform movement, which sought to integrate Islam with a colonial scientific-utilitarian worldview.
Link Between Opaque Cloud Properties and Atmospheric Dynamics in Observations and Simulations of Current Climate in the Tropics, and Impact on Future Predictions
Authors: Perpina Miguel , Noel Vincent , Chepfer Helene , Guzman Rodrigo , Feofilov Artem G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing spaceborne lidar observations and reanalyzes (2008–2014), we relate the vertical wind speed at 500 hPa (ω500), indicator of atmospheric circulation, to properties of opaque clouds (altitude and cover) and to the Cloud Radiative Effect (CRE) in the Tropics. We confront those observations with simulations by IPSL‐CM6 and CESM1 climate models using early 21st century emissions. Both models overestimate the average opaque cloud cover. IPSL‐CM6 puts high opaque clouds too high (+2 km), especially in ascendance. CESM1 overestimates the intermediate opaque cloud cover and underestimates small and large opaque cloud covers. Both models agree that cloud properties behave differently at wind speed above (strong subsidence) or below (weak subsidence and ascendance) 20 hPa/day. In future climate (2089–2095), variables affected by biases in current climate are affected by notable changes: IPSL‐CM6 puts high opaque clouds even higher (+2 km) while opaque cloud cover above 30% decreases and below 30% increases in CESM1. Both models predict very little change in the average net CRE in the future. We find that predicted changes of cloud properties can be regionally driven by dynamic or thermodynamic changes, depending on the relationship between opaque cloud altitude and ω500 in the model. Overall, most changes are due to thermodynamic changes in the relationship between cloud property and atmospheric dynamics.
Source of Evaporation for the Seasonal Precipitation in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Xiao Mingzhong , Cui Yuanzheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe changes in the occurrence and intensity of precipitation have been widely observed around the world. However, exploring the causes of changes in precipitation remains challenging. To better explore the causes of precipitation changes, the evaporation sources of such precipitation were identified. The region from which evaporative sources contribute to precipitation in a sink region is called the precipitationshed. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis data, we identified the seasonal precipitationshed in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most densely urbanized regions in the world, using the Water Accounting Model‐2layer. The precipitationshed in the PRD has larger variation in summer and autumn, and differences in the responses of different types of precipitation to the change in the precipitationshed were identified. In autumn, results show that light precipitation increases when the evaporation contribution from the south is enhanced while heavy precipitation increases when the evaporation contribution from the northeast is enhanced in the PRD. The precipitationshed is influenced by natural climate variability. The identified differences in the response of different types of precipitation to the change in the precipitationshed further help us to better understand the influence of natural climate variability on precipitation. The influences of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and North Atlantic Oscillation on different types of seasonal precipitation were investigated. For example, results show that more heavy precipitation is expected in the PRD in summer when the positive phase of IOD and the negative phase of ENSO occur simultaneously.
The Alaskan Summer 2019 Extreme Heat Event: The Role of Anthropogenic Forcing, and Projections of the Increasing Risk of Occurrence
Authors: Weidman Sarah K. , Delworth Thomas L. , Kapnick Sarah B. , Cooke William F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtreme heat occurred over Alaska in June–July 2019, posing risks to infrastructure, ecosystem, and human health. It is vital to improve our understanding of the causes of such events and the extent to which anthropogenic forcing may alter their likelihood and magnitude. Here, we use multiple large ensembles of climate models, comprising thousands of simulated years, to investigate these issues. Our results suggest that the presence of anthropogenic radiative forcing increased the likelihood of the 2019 extreme heat event by as much as 6%. Further we show the rate of occurrence of such an extreme heat event is likely to substantially increase in the future with increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. While uncertainty in projected climate risk from model choice leads to a broad range of future extreme heat event probabilities, some models project that with rapidly increasing levels of greenhouse gases the likelihood of such events would exceed 75% by 2090.
“Distance‐Driven” Versus “Density‐Driven”: Understanding the Role of “Source‐Case” Distance and Gathering Places in the Localized Spatial Clustering of COVID‐19—A Case Study of the Xinfadi Market, Beijing (China)
Authors: Zhang Sui , Yang Zhao , Wang Minghao , Zhang Baolei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of local COVID‐19 today gives a strong necessity to better understand the effects of "source‐case" distance and gathering places, which are often considered to be the key factors of the localized spatial clustering of an epidemic. In this study, the localized spatial clustering of COVID‐19 cases, which originated in the Xinfadi market in Beijing from June–July 2020, was investigated by exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics of the clustering using descriptive statistics, point pattern analysis, and spatial autocorrelation calculation approaches. Spatial lag zero‐inflated negative binomial regression model and geographically weighted Poisson regression with spatial effects were also introduced to explore the factors which influenced the clustering of COVID‐19 cases at the micro spatial scale. It was found that the local epidemic can be significantly divided into two stages which are asymmetric in time. A significant spatial spillover effect of COVID‐19 was identified in both global and local modeling estimation. The dominant role of the “source‐case” distance effect, which was reflected in both global and local scales, was revealed. Relatively, the role of gathering places is not significant at the initial stage of the epidemic, but the upward trend of the significance of some places is obvious. The trend from "distance‐driven" to "density‐driven" of the localized spatial clustering of COVID‐19 was predicted. The effectiveness of blocking the transformation trend will be a key issue for the global response to the local COVID‐19.
Mercury's Northern Rise Core‐Field Magnetic Anomaly
Authors: Plattner Alain M. , Johnson Catherine L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use magnetic field data collected in orbit around Mercury by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging satellite, to detect a regional magnetic field anomaly that is spatially associated with Mercury's Northern Rise topographic signature. Regional spectral analysis indicates a source depth at or below the core‐mantle boundary, and hence the anomaly is of core, not crustal, origin. This observation supports previous studies linking the Northern Rise to a deep‐seated gravity anomaly and reveals connections among core, mantle, and crustal dynamics, likely enabled by Mercury's thin mantle.
Real‐Time Characterization of Aerosol Compositions, Sources, and Aging Processes in Guangzhou During PRIDE‐GBA 2018 Campaign
Authors: Chen Wei , Ye Yuqing , Hu Weiwei , Zhou Huaishan , Pan Tianle , Wang Yingkun , Song Wei , Song Qicong , Ye Chenshuo , Wang Chaomin , Wang Baolin , Huang Shan , Yuan Bin , Zhu Ming , Lian Xiufeng , Zhang Guohua , Bi Xinhui , Jiang Fan , Liu Junwen , Canonaco Francesco , Prevot Andre S. H. , Shao Min , Wang Xinming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo investigate the chemical compositions, sources, and aging processes of submicron particles (PM1), a comprehensive field campaign was conducted in Guangzhou urban area of China during the autumn (October–November) of 2018. The average mass concentration of PM1 was 35.6 ± 20.8 µg m−3, which was mainly contributed by organic aerosols (OA, 42%), then followed by sulfate (25%) and inorganic nitrate (11%). The inorganic nitrate was found to be the main driving component (up to ∼50%) to account for the fast increase of PM1 during the polluted periods of Guangzhou autumn. The promotion effects of sulfate, aerosol liquid water content, and particles acidity on nitrate formation were systematically discussed. Source apportionment results showed 72% of OA in Guangzhou autumn was contributed by secondary OA (SOA), and 28% of primary OA (POA), including vehicle emission related hydrocarbon‐like OA (HOA, 16%), nitrogen‐containing OA (NOA, 3%) and cooking OA (COA, 8%). To explore the aging processes of OA, the dynamic variations of OA and its oxidation level as a function of ambient photochemical age are shown. Using an in situ field‐deployed oxidation flow reactor, the heterogeneous reaction rate coefficients of ambient POA with OH radicals () were estimated to be 4.0–5.4 × 10−13 cm3 molecules−1 s−1, which is equivalent to a lifetime of POA >2 weeks. The long heterogeneous lifetime of POA supports gas phase oxidation was the major pathway for ambient OA aging. The OH uptake coefficient () was estimated to be 0.76–0.84, underlining that OH radicals can be taken up efficiently on ambient aerosols.
Aberrant super-enhancer-driven oncogene ENC1 promotes the radio-resistance of breast carcinoma
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Nan , Zhu Mingzhi , Xiong Youyi , Wang Fang , Guo Guangcheng , Wang Xinxing , Gu Yuanyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoor response of tumors to radiotherapy is a major clinical obstacle. Because of the dynamic characteristics of the epigenome, identification of possible epigenetic modifiers may be beneficial to confer radio-sensitivity. This research was set to examine the modulation of ectodermal-neural cortex 1 (ENC1) in radio-resistance in breast carcinoma (BC). In silico identification and immunohistochemical staining revealed that overexpression of ENC1 promoted BC metastasis to the bone and brain. Moreover, its overexpression promoted the translocation of YAP1/TAZ into the nucleus and enhanced expression of GLI1, CTGF, and FGF1 through the Hippo pathway. ENC1 expression was controlled by a ~10-kb long SE. ENC1-SEdistal deletion reduced ENC1 expression and inhibited the malignant behavior of BC cells and their resistance to radiotherapy. The binding sites on the ENC1-SE region enriched the shared sequence between TCF4 and ENC1 promoter. Knocking-down TCF4 inhibited luciferase activity and H3K27ac-enriched binding of the ENC1-SE region. Additionally, SE-driven ENC1 overexpression mediated by TCF4 may have clinical implications in radio-resistance in BC patients. Our findings indicated that ENC1 overexpression is mediated by SE and the downstream TCF4 to potentiate the Hippo/YAP1/TAZ pathway. Targeting this axis might be a therapeutic strategy for overcoming BC radio-resistance.
Caspase-8 mutations associated with head and neck cancer differentially retain functional properties related to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytokine induction
Authors: Cui Zhibin , Dabas Hadas , Leonard Brandon C. , Shiah Jamie V. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Johnson Daniel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cysteine protease, caspase-8, undergoes dimerization, processing, and activation following stimulation of cells with death ligands such as TRAIL, and mediates TRAIL induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. In addition, caspase-8 mediates TRAIL-induced activation of NF-κB and upregulation of immunosuppressive chemokines/cytokines, via a mechanism independent of caspase-8 catalytic activity. The gene encoding procaspase-8 is mutated in 10% of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Despite a paucity of experimental evidence, HNSCC-associated caspase-8 mutations are commonly assumed to be loss of function. To investigate their functional properties and phenotypic effects, 18 HNSCC-associated caspase-8 mutants were expressed in doxycycline-inducible fashion in cell line models wherein the endogenous wild-type caspase-8 was deleted. We observed that 5/8 mutants in the amino-terminal prodomain, but 0/10 mutants in the carboxyl-terminal catalytic region, retained an ability to mediate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Caspase-8 proteins with mutations in the prodomain were defective in dimerization, whereas all ten of the catalytic region mutants efficiently dimerized, revealing an inverse relationship between dimerization and apoptosis induction for the mutant proteins. Roughly half (3/8) of the prodomain mutants and 9/10 of the catalytic region mutants retained the ability to mediate TRAIL induction of immunosuppressive CXCL1, IL-6, or IL-8. Doxycycline-induced expression of wild-type caspase-8 or a representative mutant led to an increased percentage of T and NKT cells in syngeneic HNSCC xenograft tumors. These findings demonstrate that HNSCC-associated caspase-8 mutants retain properties that may influence TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and cytokine induction, as well as the composition of the tumor microenvironment.
Timing the evolution of antioxidant enzymes in cyanobacteria
Authors: Boden Joanne S. , Konhauser Kurt O. , Robbins Leslie J. , Sánchez-Baracaldo Patricia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ancestors of cyanobacteria generated Earth’s first biogenic molecular oxygen, but how they dealt with oxidative stress remains unconstrained. Here we investigate when superoxide dismutase enzymes (SODs) capable of removing superoxide free radicals evolved and estimate when Cyanobacteria originated. Our Bayesian molecular clocks, calibrated with microfossils, predict that stem Cyanobacteria arose 3300–3600 million years ago. Shortly afterwards, we find phylogenetic evidence that ancestral cyanobacteria used SODs with copper and zinc cofactors (CuZnSOD) during the Archaean. By the Paleoproterozoic, they became genetically capable of using iron, nickel, and manganese as cofactors (FeSOD, NiSOD, and MnSOD respectively). The evolution of NiSOD is particularly intriguing because it corresponds with cyanobacteria’s invasion of the open ocean. Our analyses of metalloenzymes dealing with reactive oxygen species (ROS) now demonstrate that marine geochemical records alone may not predict patterns of metal usage by phototrophs from freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
Holistic face recognition is an emergent phenomenon of spatial processing in face-selective regions
Authors: Poltoratski Sonia , Kay Kendrick , Finzi Dawn , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpatial processing by receptive fields is a core property of the visual system. However, it is unknown how spatial processing in high-level regions contributes to recognition behavior. As face inversion is thought to disrupt typical holistic processing of information in faces, we mapped population receptive fields (pRFs) with upright and inverted faces in the human visual system. Here we show that in face-selective regions, but not primary visual cortex, pRFs and overall visual field coverage are smaller and shifted downward in response to face inversion. From these measurements, we successfully predict the relative behavioral detriment of face inversion at different positions in the visual field. This correspondence between neural measurements and behavior demonstrates how spatial processing in face-selective regions may enable holistic perception. These results not only show that spatial processing in high-level visual regions is dynamically used towards recognition, but also suggest a powerful approach for bridging neural computations by receptive fields to behavior.
Intestinal-derived FGF15 protects against deleterious effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice
Authors: Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Shin Jae Hoon , Shao Yikai , Gutierrez-Aguilar Ruth , Li Ziru , Heppner Kristy M. , Chiang Samuel , Vargo Sara G. , Granger Katrina , Sandoval Darleen A. , MacDougald Ormond A. , Seeley Randy J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBariatric surgeries such as the Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) are invasive but provide the most effective improvements in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized a potential role for the gut hormone Fibroblast-Growth Factor 15/19 which is increased after VSG and pharmacologically can improve energy homeostasis and glucose handling. We generated intestinal-specific FGF15 knockout (FGF15INT-KO) mice which were maintained on high-fat diet. FGF15INT-KO mice lost more weight after VSG as a result of increased lean tissue loss. FGF15INT-KO mice also lost more bone density and bone marrow adipose tissue after VSG. The effect of VSG to improve glucose tolerance was also absent in FGF15INT-KO. VSG resulted in increased plasma bile acid levels but were considerably higher in VSG-FGF15INT-KO mice. These data point to an important role after VSG for intestinal FGF15 to protect the organism from deleterious effects of VSG potentially by limiting the increase in circulating bile acids.
The intervening domain is required for DNA-binding and functional identity of plant MADS transcription factors
Authors: Lai Xuelei , Vega-Léon Rosario , Hugouvieux Veronique , Blanc-Mathieu Romain , van der Wal Froukje , Lucas Jérémy , Silva Catarina S. , Jourdain Agnès , Muino Jose M. , Nanao Max H. , Immink Richard , Kaufmann Kerstin , Parcy François , Smaczniak Cezary , Zubieta Chloe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe MADS transcription factors (TF) are an ancient eukaryotic protein family. In plants, the family is divided into two main lineages. Here, we demonstrate that DNA binding in both lineages absolutely requires a short amino acid sequence C-terminal to the MADS domain (M domain) called the Intervening domain (I domain) that was previously defined only in type II lineage MADS. Structural elucidation of the MI domains from the floral regulator, SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), shows a conserved fold with the I domain acting to stabilise the M domain. Using the floral organ identity MADS TFs, SEP3, APETALA1 (AP1) and AGAMOUS (AG), domain swapping demonstrate that the I domain alters genome-wide DNA-binding specificity and dimerisation specificity. Introducing AG carrying the I domain of AP1 in the Arabidopsis ap1 mutant resulted in strong complementation and restoration of first and second whorl organs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the I domain acts as an integral part of the DNA-binding domain and significantly contributes to the functional identity of the MADS TF.