bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Cold Impacted Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Ground Beef
Authors: Ahmaed Asmaa Sabah , Mohammed Zinah Basim , Mousa Ebtisam F. , Allawi Saeed Sahib 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Escherichia coli in fresh minced meat was injured by cooling at 4 °C. A bacterial population has three different physiology which are uninjured or normal cells, sublethally injured cells (or injured cells ), and lethally injured cells (or dead cells). Cell injury is defined as any damage to the components of cells themselves by any stresses which weaken the ability of cells to survive or multiply. This will increase the sensitivity of cells to any harmful factors. The cells can repair their injury which can be extended 48hour depending on the nature of stress and degree of injury. The purpose of this study was to: supplemented some cultural media and preparation new cultural media to isolated E.coli with compounds that supplemented the bacterial growth such as yeast extract, sodium pyruvate, n-propyl gallate, catalase, and Tween. Various concentrations of the compound were tested minced beef meat with mixed it and compared with traditional media. The rest of the compound had variable effects on the recovery of cold stressed cells but they weren’t as efficient as needed. It is, therefore recommended that 0.5% of both catalase and tween 80 be used to supplement tryptic soy agar (TSA) in the repair detection procedure.
Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds of Rosa Canina (L.) Against The Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Rhopalosiphum Padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Benslama O , Mansouri N , Arhab R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRhopalosiphum padi(L.) is among the most aggressive cereal pests worldwide. The pest causes economically heavy crop loss. Chemical insecticides were used for the control of multiple insects. However, the harmful consequences of these chemical products are well known. Seeking more ecological alternatives, respect to the environment is, therefore, a necessity. The phytochemicals are known for their various biological activities of pharmaceutical and agri-food interest. Several plant species have been found to have effective bioinsecticide properties against a variety of insects. In this study, the plantRosa canina(L.) has made the objective of an in-silico research using molecular docking by screening the inhibitory potential of its polyphenolic compounds against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ofR. padi(L.). The enzyme 3D structure was first modeled, then its stereochemical quality was validated. The result of molecular docking allowed the selection of seven phytocompounds (Ellagic acid, Dihydroquercetin, Bilobalide A, Luteolin 5-methyl ether, Rosmarinic acid, Kaempferol, and Quercetin) with binding energy lower than that of the commercial insecticide Malathion. These components showed intense links with the catalytic site key residues of the enzyme, indicating their high inhibitor potential. The environmental and health safety of these components and their bio-availability were also validated by the verification of several pharmacokinetic and ADMET criteria, suggesting the interest of the plantR. canina(L.) as promising bioinsecticide material against the pestR. padi(L.).
Heterosis and Genetic Diversity of Yield and Its Some Components in F1of Sunflower Inbred Lines
Authors: Musa Zainab Mofak , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Kadhim Hamzah Mohsin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFall season 2020, six inbred lines of sunflower were crossed by half-diallel crosses to obtain 15 single hybrids. The genotypes (parents and first-generation hybrids -F1) were planted in randomized comlete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a field/Babylon Governorate during the spring season 2021. The study aimed to estimate Heterosis of the first generation hybrids from the mean of the parents for the traits; stem diameter, head diameter, number of seeds per head, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield and oil yield per plant. Furthermore, estimation of genetic distance among genotypes using cluster analysis. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences at the probability level (0.01) for all the studied traits of the parents and the first generation hybrids. The two hybrids (I×Q) and (Q×C) were distinguished a high significant positive heterosis for most of the traits measured. The cluster analysis showed that the two genotypes that include hybrids (Q×C) and (Q×F) had the highest Euclidean distance (175.92 and 183.66) respectively. This indicated to high degree of genetic diversity between the two hybrids and the rest of the studied hybrids, which it positively reflected on the performance of the hybrids for the studied traits. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Dendrogram showed that (Q) genotype was far from the rest of the genotypes and isolated to a single group, whereas the remaining genotypes separated into groups to two separed branches, especially the two genotypes (C( and )Q). The reason may be due to the distinguish genetic difference of these interested genotypes which have the ablility to transfer from parents to the its progenies, which resulted from a presence of the clear genetic distance between them, while, other genotypes lacks the of this genetic variation case.
Efficacy of Two Predatory Coccinellid Specie Feeding on Different Desities of Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) Nymphs in The Laboratory
Authors: Jawad Dhurgham Sahib , Rashid Yousif Dakheel , Hamzah Abbas Ghanim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAseries of experiments were conducted laborators of biollogical control in the postgraduate laboratory at the Al-Mussaib Technical College, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University-Iraq in 2020, The larval and adult phase ofHippodamia variegateandCoccinella Septempunctata.Lwere reard on different densities ofBemisia tabacinymphs to reveae theis predation and the effect on this longevity too: The average number of predation whitefly nymphs per day from each age larvae and adults of the thirteen-spoted ladybird H. variegate and the seven- spoted ladybirdC. Septempunctata.L was in direct proportion to the increase in the density of the whitefly nymphs supplied for it daily, The highest average of thirteen point ladybird larvae was (48.60) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly at the first larval phase. While the lowest rate of first-stage larvae was (6.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase, while the highest average of fourth-stage larvae was (131.20) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly. While the lowest average of the fourth larvae phase was (39.20) at density (8) nymphs/whitefly, As for the seven- spoted ladybird, the highest average of first-phase larvae reached (53.80) at density (64) nymphs/whitefly, while the lowest average of first-phase larvae reached (5.40) at density (2) nymphs/whitefly for the same larval phase. While the highest average of fourth phase larvae was (160.40) at density (64) nymph/whitefly, while the lowest average of fourth phase larvae was (46.00) at density (4) nymph/whitefly. The number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the thirteen- spoted ladybirdH. variegateis less than the number of whitefly nymphs preyed by the seven- spoted ladybirdC. Septempunctata. L. The daily average of predation for male predation ladybirds understudy for whitefly nymphs is less than the daily average for females with significant differences.
Effects of Crude Protein Degradability on Some Blood Parameters of Ruminants
Authors: Ani Jamal Abdul Rahman Tawfeeq Al , Al-Wazeer Anmar A , Kareem Ali Noori , Shaker Rasha Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was investigated the effects of degradability crude protein on some blood parameters of ruminants, two experiments were conducted for three sources dietary crude protein: Soya, whey protein and urea. First experiment, soya was replaced with whey protein, while second experiment, soya was replaced with urea. Fifteen male lambs were used for each experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Concentrated was fed at 3% of body weight as DM basis, while alfalfa was fed ad-libitum. Jugular blood was sampled from lambs after 90 days of experiment before feeding morning. Results of replacing soya with whey protein showed decreased blood protein and cholesterol, while, blood urea was increased and blood glucose had a linear increase with increasing whey protein intake, 45.75, 48.5, 52.5, 66.0 and 89.75 mg/dl for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. In second experiment, the results of replacing soya with urea showed decreased blood glucose and cholesterol for 2% urea in contrast with control, while blood urea was increased for 2% urea 36.11 mg/dl in contrast with 22.73mg/dl for control. In concluded, feeding high soluble crude proteins, decreased cholesterol and increased blood urea nitrogen.
Effect of Planting Distance and Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Safflower Petals and Seeds
Authors: Al-Nafei Hanan A.k. , Al-Mohammad Maher H.S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at winter season of 2020-2021 in Babylon Governorate, region of Bernon, at 8 km north-east of Hilla town between 44.27 ° north and 36.32 ° east latitude, to study the effect of planting distance and Humic acid on growth, yield and antioxidant activity of petals and seeds of the safflower, the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was the distance between plants (10, 15 and 20 cm) and second was spraying Humic acid at concentrations (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg.l-1), data were collected and means were tested according to least significant difference test (LSD) at probability level 0.05.
The results showed superiority significant of planting distance at 20 cm and spraying humic acid at concentration 500 mg.L-1 on growth and yield parameters, while plants distance at 10 cm excelled on plant height and content of petals and seeds of antioxidant activities. The results showed superiority significant at interaction treat 20 cm × 500 mg.L-1, it produced the highest rates in most considered qualities and yield of dry petals and seed yields were 79.658 and 2197.5 kg. ha-1, while interference treat 10 cm x 500 mg.L-1 produced the highest means on total phenolic compounds and total oxidative activity and scavenging free radicals reached 41.47, 212.7, 58.07, 38.72 and 33.59 mg.g-1 DW, 67.7 and 47.0% in petals and seeds respectively.
Genotoxic Effects of Lead and Cadmium on DNA of Some Fuel Stations Workers Blood in Hilla City
Authors: Khadairi Maher Mohammed , Almamoori Anas M. , Al-Janabi Amerah I. H. , Al-amari M. j. y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study included the genotoxic effects of lead and cadmium on DNA damage of 60 workers of some fuel stations in Hilla city. The results revealed a significant differences (P<0.05) of lead and cadmium, the concentrations of Pb+2 in blood of control (mean ±SD) was 6.3±0.41 μg/dl while in blood of workers who exposed to fuel for one year, three years and five years were significantly increased and reached (15.5±2.46, 27.4±11.6 and 44.5±17.8) μg/dl respectively. Cadmium concentrations in blood of control was nil while in workers were significantly increased (5±0.72, 12.2±2.6 and 15.3±4.21) μg/dl respectively. Damage criteria was increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with time of exposure to fuel in comparison with control.
Nutritional Value and Quality Standard of Popcorn Cooked by Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Abdullah Seerwan A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine microwave oven (MO) and entails conventional heating (CH) under normal condition and difference times to produce popped of popcorn in some parameters of expansion popping volume, un-popped kernels and flake size, as well as the preservation of nutritional value and sensory tests of two types of popcorn (A and B), which were bought from local market and used. The results obtained that the size/shape of samples A and B were 6.31 mm3 (Medium Round (MR)) and 5.95 mm3 (Medium Flat (MF)), respectively. The highest significant of expansion volume was recorded in sample (A) under cooked by (MO) after 4 min (16.55 cm3/g) whereas, sample (B) under cooked by (CH) after six minutes (7.19 cm/g) was recorded lowest expansion volume. The flake size values of both samples (A) and (B) after (MO) were ranged between 1.88-2.18 and 1.72-1.98. The percentage of un-popped kernel was dramatically decreased from 30.67 to 1.67% and 38.67 to 1.66 % by (MO) and 10 to 1% and 7 to 1% by (CH) with increased time from 4 to 6 min of popping in both samples. Otherwise, the highest variation value of carbohydrate, oil and protein were observed (2.72, 1.51 and 0.33) respectively, in sample (A) under (CH) after 6 min, while the lowest variation value of carbohydrate was recorded (0.12,) in sample B under cooked by (MO) after four minutes, as well as the lowest variation values of oil and proteins were investigated (0.15 and 0.03) in sample (A) under cooked by (MO) after 4 min. Regarding the minerals (Fe and Zn) were slightly decreased with increased time of popping. Hence the highest values for each parameters of tenderness, crispiness, adhesives and overall acceptance were observed (8.33, 8.33, 9.0 and 8.55), respectively, in sample (A) by used (MO) for 5 min.
The Tomato Borer Tuta Absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechidae) Invading The Region of Ouargla (Desert of Algeria): Biology and Damage
Authors: Rekia CHENNOUF , Hayat SAGGOU , Keltoum BENBRAHIM , Cherifa LAMRANI , Karima BRAHMI 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an invasive pest of tomato native to South America, where it is responsible for extensive damage. The study of this bioaggressor under greenhouse tomato in the region of Ouargla by pheromone traps showed that the global dynamics of populations T. absoluta 5 shows the difference in successive generations of six months is the growth cycle of tomato. There were a maximum of 1922 individuals in the three greenhouses studied. The life cycle of T. absoluta in tomato plants (T: 34 ° C H%: 50 - 60%) lasts 23.85 days. This pest has caused losses of up to 100% in leaves and fruits of tomato in February. Observation and direct capture to identify the natural enemies of T. absoluta as Chrysoperla carnea Coccinella algerica. and the parasitoid Trichogramma sp. Damage is directly related to the reduction of plants photosynthetic capacity and of production levels in tomato crops; indirect damage can be also caused by secondary infections, with pathogens developing on the infested plant and fruit tissues.
Effect of Spraying With Cal-Boron and Potassium Humate and Maturity Stage on Fruit Quantity, Quality Characteristics of Apricot Prunus Armeniaca L. cv. "Royal"
Authors: Lateef Mohammed Abdul Aziz , Fadhil Nameer N. , Mohammed Bahram Kh. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted on apricot trees Royal cultivar 9 years old in a private field located northern Kirkuk city - Iraq during The period 2020-2021, to study the spraying whit Cal-boron and potassium humate on fruit quantity, quality characteristics of apricot with three levels of Cal-boron (0, 1and 2) ml.L-1and three levels of potassium Humate (0, 3 and 6) g.L-1. In addition to the control treatment (untreated plants). Combination of 2 ml.L-1Cal-boron and 3 g.L-1of Potassium humate excelled on leaf area Leaves content of chlorophyll, Vitamin C, and T.S.S. parameter compared with treatment with distilled water (control). A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used to implement the experiment, with three replications.
Effect of Humic and Salicylic Acids Foliar Application in The Chemical Content of Papaya Seedlings
Authors: Al-Abadi Muhammad Hadi Ali , Al-hayany Ali Muhammad Abd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe experiment was carried out on Papaya seedlings (2 months old) to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) and Salicylic acid (SA) on seedlings growth under local environmental conditions of in a private orchard in Diyala governorate. Humic acid (HA) sprayed at 4 concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3%), whereas Salicylic acid (SA) was used at three concentrations (0, 200 and 400 mg.L-1). The results showed that spraying with the high concentrations of both acids gave the best results in most studied traits, in addition these treatments decreased significantly leaves proline content.
Improving Low-Fat Soft Cheese Quality Properties Made From Reconstituted Skim Milk By Using Whey Protein Concentrate as A fat Replacer
Authors: Ai-Bedrani Dhia Ibrahim Jerro , Hasan Sakena Taha , Altaee Abdali Alwan , Alqotbi Ali Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of using whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a fat replacer and its role in improving the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of low-fat soft cheese by adding four different ratios of (WPC) as (1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5) % to reconstituted bovine skim milk in four treatments (W2, W3, W4, W5)respectively, besides control cheese treatment (W1)which was made of whole bovine milk. The chemical tests included the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, lactose, and ash. The physical tests included the percentage of total acidity, pH, springiness, and compression ability besides cheese yield percentage, total energy, and sensory evaluation after cheese making and throughout the 14 days of storage time at (5±1)°C. Results showed that all (WPC) treatments have high moisture percentage compared to the control treatment, though all the treatments had a decrease in moisture values with storage. Results also showed a decrease in fat content for all the skim milk treatments with (WPC) addition. Lactose percentages were converged in all treatments. The results also showed an increase in total acidity and a decrease in pH for the (WPC) addition treatments. Microbiological results showed increased total count for the (WPC) addition treatments compared with the control. Furthermore, the results showed that adding (WPC) led to improving the springiness and compression ability and increased the cheese yield. On the other hand, it decreased the cheese energy compared to control. Sensory properties were improved by added WPC.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Energy and Protein in The Production Performance of Quail
Authors: Hijab Othman Najh , Albaddy Maad A.K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted in one of the research farms belong to Department of Animal Production/Faculty of Agriculture at Tikrit University for the period from 11/9/2020 to 16/10/2020 to determine the appropriate diets from energy and protein and impact on the production performance of the developing quail bird. Two Hundred – Forty eight quail chicks with age of 7-35 days. The birds were divided into two treatments, each treatment contained four replicates with 31 birds per replicate. The first treatment was fed on a diet containing 20% protein, energy ( 2800 Kcal/kg). the second treatment was fed on a diet containing 22% protein, energy ( 2900 Kcal/kg).The results showed no significant differences in body weight during first, second and fifth weeks, while there were significant differences during the third and fourth weeks while the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment in this descripton. And the presence of significant differences during the period 2 to 3 sevenths in the rate of weight gain and the absence of significant differences during the remaining periods and there are no significant differences between the treatments in the rate of consumption of feed during the second and third week and the presence of significant differences during the fourth week where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment and the absence of significant differences during the fifth week and the total period there are no significant differences between the treatments in feed conversion efficiency during the first week and the presence of significant differences during the second week where they recorded an increase as comparison with The first treatment is on the second treatment. There were significant differences between the treatments during the third week, where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment. There are no significant differences between treatments during the fifth week and total conversion efficiency.
Effect of Using Different Levels of Spirulina Algae (Spirulina Platensis) in The Diet on Concentration, Types of Fatty Acids, Oxidation Indicators, and Sensory Characteristics of Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Abbas Mahdi Saadoon , Bandar Luma K. , Alkhilani Firas M. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib for the period from 25/2/2019 to 7/4/2019 (42 days) with the aim of using several levels of Spirulina (SP)Spirulina platensisin broiler diets. And their effect in the concentration and types of fatty acids, oxidation indices and sensory characteristics of the broiler carcass, 400 birds were used in this experiment One day old broiler birds of the Ross 308 strain are un sexed, with an average starting weight of 40 g/bird, and the birds were randomly distributed into five treatments with four replications per treatment (20 birds/duplicate). The following treatments included: the first (T1) control treatment (the basic diet without additives), the second (T2), third (T3), fourth (T4) and fifth treatments (T5) were used in the basic ration algae SP by 1%, 2% and 3% And 4%, respectively. The two treatments T4 and T5 showed significant superiority (P<0.05) compared to the control group in the concentration of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid for the treatments T3, T4 and T5 compared to the control treatment. The value of peroxide (PV) was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the 30-day storage period for treatment T5 birds compared with the two treatments T1 and T2 and the value of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) for all treatments compared to the control treatment, and for the storage period of 60 One day, all oxidation indexes (PV, TBA, TVN) were significantly decreased (P <0.05) for all treatments using Spirulina. No significant effect of spirulina was shown on sensory evaluation scores for the chest and thigh cuts compared to the control treatment.