bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and interactional aspects of adverbial sentences in English mother-child interactions: an analysis of two dense corpora
Authors: DE RUITER Laura E. , LEMEN Heather C. P. , LIEVEN Elena V. M. , BRANDT Silke , THEAKSTON Anna L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analysed both structural and functional aspects of sentences containing the four adverbials “after”, “before”, “because”, and “if” in two dense corpora of parent-child interactions from two British English-acquiring children (2;00–4;07). In comparing mothers’ and children's usage we separate out the effects of frequency, cognitive complexity and pragmatics in explaining the course of acquisition of adverbial sentences. We also compare these usage patterns to stimuli used in a range of experimental studies and show how differences may account for some of the difficulties that children have shown in experiments. In addition, we report descriptive data on various aspects of adverbial sentences that have not yet been studied as a resource for future investigations.
Bentham's International Political Theory: Taking States’ Responsibilities Seriously
Authors: Bourcier Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, I defend the idea that Bentham's international political theory entails a cosmopolitan dimension. First, I explain that Bentham rejects two pillars of internationalism, namely, the sovereign's unconstrained autonomous power and authority in international politics, and the legal and moral personality of the state in the international realm. This critique leads Bentham to construct a complex international political theory which places the issue of states’ responsibility at its centre. Bentham's international theory articulates a minimalist international system of cooperation between states (Part II) and an institutional model of public officials’ responsibilities that together play the crucial role in securing the greatest happiness of the greatest number in the world (Part III). In this last part, I explain how Bentham's international political theory relies heavily on the responsibilities of states, a set of responsibilities that encompasses both national and cosmopolitan responsibilities that public officials in each state hold.
A latent class analysis of parent–child discrepancies in reports of peer victimization: Associations to child sexual abuse status and psychological adjustment
Authors: Tremblay-Perreault Amélie , Hébert Martine , Amédée Laetitia Mélissande 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearchers face an important challenge when assessing peer victimization in children, since self-reports are often discrepant with parent-reports. A latent class analysis identified patterns of response to items assessing peer victimization, which were either divergent or convergent between the parent and the child. Classes were then compared on the child sexual abuse status and on various behavioral and social outcomes. Participants were 720 school-aged child victims of sexual abuse and a comparison group of 173 nonvictims and their caregivers. We identified two discordant subgroups (self-identified and parent-identified) and two concordant groups (nonvictims and concordant victims of peer victimization). Compared to children of the comparison group, sexually abused children were five times more likely to be identified as targets of peer victimization solely by their parent than the contrary. Sexually abused children with concordant reports of peer victimization showed the poorest adjustment on all studied outcomes assessed 6 months later. Children who discounted experiencing peer victimization while their parent reported it were also at risk of maladjustment. Results underscore the importance of supplementing self-reports with other available sources of information, especially in young and vulnerable populations who may be inclined to discount their victimization experiences.
Financial institutions and the British Industrial Revolution: did financial underdevelopment hold back growth?
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis scoping paper addresses the role of financial institutions in empowering the British Industrial Revolution. Prominent economic historians have argued that investment was largely funded out of savings or profits, or by borrowing from family or friends: hence financial institutions played a minor role. But this claim sits uneasily with later evidence from other countries that effective financial institutions have mattered a great deal for economic development. How can this mismatch be explained? Despite numerous technological innovations, from 1760 to 1820 industrial growth was surprisingly low. Could the underdevelopment of financial institutions have held back growth? There is relatively little data to help evaluate this hypothesis. More research is required on the historical development of institutions that enabled finance to be raised. This would include the use of property as collateral. This paper sketches the evolution of British financial institutions before 1820 and makes suggestions for further empirical research. Research in this direction should enhance our understanding of the British Industrial Revolution and of the preconditions of economic development in other countries.
Effect of single or sequential POST herbicide applications on seed production and viability of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: de Sanctis Jose H. S. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Kumar Vipan , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed that can emerge throughout the soybean growing season in Nebraska and several other regions of the United States. Late-emerging Palmer amaranth plants can produce seeds, thus replenishing the soil seedbank. The objectives of this study were to evaluate single or sequential applications of labeled POST herbicides such as acifluorfen, dicamba, a fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl premix, glyphosate, and lactofen on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, biomass, seed production, and seed viability, as well as grain yield of dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, NE, in 2018 and 2019, with no PRE herbicide applied. Acifluorfen, dicamba, a premix of fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl, glyphosate, or lactofen were applied POST in single or sequential applications between the V4 and R6 soybean growth stages, with timings based on product labels. Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest, reduced Palmer amaranth density to as low as 2 or fewer plants m−2, reduced seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant, and resulted in the highest soybean yield during both years of the study. Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control; however, they reduced seed production similar to dicamba. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury. Herbicides evaluated in this study had no effect on Palmer amaranth seed viability.
Die Kunst, sich beim Nichtstun nicht zu langweilen
Authors: Ahrens Ruth 
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿ Achtsamkeitsbasierte Konzepte bereichern psychiatrisch wirksame Interventionen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Durch einen hohen Alltagsbezug achtsamkeitsbasierter Strategien sind diese im pflegerischen Kontext ausgezeichnet anwendbar. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Pflegende können mit achtsamkeitsbasierten Übungen Patienten helfen, die Impulskontrolle besser zu steuern und mehr Selbstwirksamkeit zu erleben.
Im Hier und Jetzt gesund werden?
Authors: Weisz Christina 
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿ Achtsamkeit kann zur Linderung von psychischen und somatischen Symptomen beitragen. Sie kann auch Stress von Nutzenden und Angehörigen in der Psychiatrie reduzieren. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Neuere Forschung gibt Hinweise, wieso Achtsamkeit dabei unterstützen kann, eigene Gefühle, Gedanken und Verhaltensweisen zu erkennen. Außerdem thematisieren Studien in den letzten Jahren auch Grenzen der Anwendung von Achtsamkeit. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Pflegefachpersonen ist eine differenzierte Weiterbildung in Achtsamkeit zu empfehlen, um diese Form von Selbstbeobachtung Nutzenden vermitteln zu können. Achtsamkeit kann Pflegefachpersonen auch in der Selbstreflexion sowie z. B. bei der verbalen Deeskalation unterstützen.
Wahrnehmen dessen, was da ist
Authors: Liedtke Norbert 
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu dem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿ Achtsamkeitstraining wird vor allem in Gruppenform angeboten, gilt als unterstützende Intervention bei Psychotherapie, im Fall etwa der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) auch als integraler Bestandteil. Für Menschen mit Psychosen wird häufig zur Vorsicht geraten. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Vor allem im englischsprachigen Raum wird Achtsamkeitstraining inzwischen in der Therapie von Menschen mit Psychosen eingesetzt. In Untersuchungen zeigen sich Hinweise auf positive Effekte. Spezielle adaptierte Trainingsformen sind bislang nur selten im Einsatz. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Auf Grundlage der bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse und der beschriebenen Adaptionen können bestehende Angebote bearbeitet und Menschen mit Psychosen zugänglich gemacht werden. In Einrichtungen lohnen möglicherweise die Durchführung und begleitende Untersuchung eigener Gruppen.
Die coole Seite der Empathie
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert 
Published: January 2021

﻿Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?﻿ Der Artikel orientiert sich am gängigen Verständnis von Empathie, für das hier auf Carl Rogers Bezug genommen wird. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Es wird gefragt, ob typische Rollen, wie sie bei Märchenfiguren vorkommen, eine Verständnishilfe für den Umgang mit Patienten auf der psychiatrischen Station darstellen können. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die empathische Haltung gegenüber psychiatrischen Patienten sollte auch die Frage umfassen, wie die Patienten mich als Pflegenden wahrnehmen; dafür wird eine Hilfestellung geboten.
Asxl1 C-terminal mutation perturbs neutrophil differentiation in zebrafish
Authors: Fang Xiao , Xu Song’en , Zhang Yiyue , Xu Jin , Huang Zhibin , Liu Wei , Wang Shunqing , Yen Kuangyu , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractASXL1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in malignant myeloid diseases. In patients with myeloid malignancies, ASXL1 mutations are usually heterozygous frameshift or nonsense mutations leading to C-terminal truncation. Current disease models have predominantly total loss of ASXL1 or overexpressed C-terminal truncations. These models cannot fully recapitulate leukemogenesis and disease progression. We generated an endogenous C-terminal-truncated Asxl1 mutant in zebrafish that mimics human myeloid malignancies. At the embryonic stage, neutrophil differentiation was explicitly blocked. At 6 months, mutants initially exhibited a myelodysplastic syndrome-like phenotype with neutrophilic dysplasia. At 1 year, about 13% of mutants further acquired the phenotype of monocytosis, which mimics chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or increased progenitors, which mimics acute myeloid leukemia. These features are comparable to myeloid malignancy progression in humans. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis, inhibitor treatment, and rescue assays indicated that asxl1-induced neutrophilic dysplasia was associated with reduced expression of bmi1a, a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 and a reported myeloid leukemia-associated gene. Our model demonstrated that neutrophilic dysplasia caused by asxl1 mutation is a foundation for the progression of myeloid malignancies, and illustrated a possible effect of the Asxl1-Bmi1a axis on regulating neutrophil development.
Emerging multifaceted roles of BAP1 complexes in biological processes
Authors: Szczepanski Aileen Patricia , Wang Lu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHistone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119Ub) is a relatively abundant histone modification, mainly catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to regulate Polycomb-mediated transcriptional repression of downstream target genes. Consequently, H2AK119Ub can also be dynamically reversed by the BAP1 complex, an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a general transcriptional activator. In previous studies, it has been reported that the BAP1 complex consists of important biological roles in development, metabolism, and cancer. However, identifying the BAP1 complex’s regulatory mechanisms remains to be elucidated due to its various complex forms and its ability to target non-histone substrates. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that have contributed to the diverse functional role of the BAP1 complex and further discuss the potential in targeting BAP1 for therapeutic use.
Quantum teleportation with imperfect quantum dots
Authors: Basso Basset F. , Salusti F. , Schweickert L. , Rota M. B. , Tedeschi D. , Covre da Silva S. F. , Roccia E. , Zwiller V. , Jöns K. D. , Rastelli A. , Trotta R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEfficient all-photonic quantum teleportation requires fast and deterministic sources of highly indistinguishable and entangled photons. Solid-state-based quantum emitters—notably semiconductor quantum dots—are a promising candidate for the role. However, despite the remarkable progress in nanofabrication, proof-of-concept demonstrations of quantum teleportation have highlighted that imperfections of the emitter still place a major roadblock in the way of applications. Here, rather than focusing on source optimization strategies, we deal with imperfections and study different teleportation protocols with the goal of identifying the one with maximal teleportation fidelity. Using a quantum dot with sub-par values of entanglement and photon indistinguishability, we show that the average teleportation fidelity can be raised from below the classical limit to 0.842(14), adopting a polarization-selective Bell state measurement and moderate spectral filtering. Our results, which are backed by a theoretical model that quantitatively explains the experimental findings, loosen the very stringent requirements set on the ideal entangled-photon source and highlight that imperfect quantum dots can still have a say in teleportation-based quantum communication architectures.
Investigating the effects of genetic risk of schizophrenia on behavioural traits
Authors: Socrates Adam , Maxwell Jessye , Glanville Kylie P. , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos , O’Reilly Paul F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo characterise the trait-effects of increased genetic risk for schizophrenia, and highlight potential risk mediators, we test the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and 529 behavioural traits (personality, psychological, lifestyle, nutritional) in the UK Biobank. Our primary analysis is performed on individuals aged 38–71 with no history of schizophrenia or related disorders, allowing us to report the effects of schizophrenia genetic risk in the sub-clinical general population. Higher schizophrenia PRSs were associated with a range of traits, including lower verbal-numerical reasoning (P = 6 × 10–61), higher nervous feelings (P = 1 × 10−46) and higher self-reported risk-taking (P = 3 × 10−38). We follow-up the risk-taking association, hypothesising that the association may be due to a genetic propensity for risk-taking leading to greater migration, urbanicity or drug-taking — reported environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, and all positively associated with risk-taking in these data. Next, to identify potential disorder or medication effects, we compare the PRS–trait associations in the general population to the trait values in 599 medicated and non-medicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in the biobank. This analysis highlights, for example, levels of BMI, physical activity and risk-taking in cases in the opposite directions than expected from the PRS–trait associations in the general population. Our analyses offer simple yet potentially revealing insights into the possible causes of observed trait–disorder associations, which can complement approaches such as Mendelian Randomisation. While we urge caution in causal interpretations in PRS cross-trait studies that are highly powered to detect weak horizontal pleiotropy or population structure, we propose that well-designed polygenic score analyses have the potential to highlight modifiable risk factors that lie on the path between genetic risk and disorder.
Negative symptoms and speech pauses in youths at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Stanislawski Emma R. , Bilgrami Zarina R. , Sarac Cansu , Garg Sahil , Heisig Stephen , Cecchi Guillermo A. , Agurto Carla , Corcoran Cheryl M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAberrant pauses are characteristic of schizophrenia and are robustly associated with its negative symptoms. Here, we found that pause behavior was associated with negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and with measures of syntactic complexity—phrase length and usage of determiners that introduce clauses—that we previously showed in this same CHR cohort to help comprise a classifier that predicted psychosis. These findings suggest a common impairment in discourse planning and verbal self-monitoring that affects both speech and language, and which is detected in clinical ratings of negative symptoms.
Detecting operons in bacterial genomes via visual representation learning
Authors: Assaf Rida , Xia Fangfang , Stevens Rick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContiguous genes in prokaryotes are often arranged into operons. Detecting operons plays a critical role in inferring gene functionality and regulatory networks. Human experts annotate operons by visually inspecting gene neighborhoods across pileups of related genomes. These visual representations capture the inter-genic distance, strand direction, gene size, functional relatedness, and gene neighborhood conservation, which are the most prominent operon features mentioned in the literature. By studying these features, an expert can then decide whether a genomic region is part of an operon. We propose a deep learning based method named Operon Hunter that uses visual representations of genomic fragments to make operon predictions. Using transfer learning and data augmentation techniques facilitates leveraging the powerful neural networks trained on image datasets by re-training them on a more limited dataset of extensively validated operons. Our method outperforms the previously reported state-of-the-art tools, especially when it comes to predicting full operons and their boundaries accurately. Furthermore, our approach makes it possible to visually identify the features influencing the network’s decisions to be subsequently cross-checked by human experts.
Spatiotemporal clustering and Random Forest models to identify risk factors of African swine fever outbreak in Romania in 2018–2019
Authors: Andraud Mathieu , Bougeard Stéphanie , Chesnoiu Theodora , Rose Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) has affected Romania since July 2017, with considerable economic and social consequences, despite the implementation of control measures mainly based on stamping out of infected pig populations. On the basis of the 2973 cumulative recorded cases up to September 2019 among wild boars and domestic pigs, analysis of the epidemiological characteristics could help to identify the factors favoring the persistence and spread of ASF. A statistical framework, based on a random forest methodology, was therefore developed to assess the spatiotemporal features of the epidemics and their relationships with environmental, human, and agricultural factors. The landscape of Romania was associated with the infection dynamics, particularly concerning forested and wetland areas. Waterways were also identified as a pivotal factor, raising questions about possible waterborne transmission since these waterways are often used as a water supply for backyard holdings. However, human activity was clearly identified as the main risk factor for the spread of ASF. Although the situation in Romania cannot be directly transposed to intensive pig farming countries, the findings of this study highlight the need for strict biosecurity measures on farms, and during transportation, to avoid ASF transmission at large geographic and temporal scales.
Age related changes of rib cortical bone matrix and the application to forensic age-at-death estimation
Authors: Bonicelli Andrea , Zioupos Peter , Arnold Emily , Rogers Keith D. , Xhemali Bledar , Kranioti Elena F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForensic anthropology includes, amongst other applications, the positive identification of unknown human skeletal remains. The first step in this process is an assessment of the biological profile, that is: sex, age, stature and ancestry. In forensic contexts, age estimation is one of the main challenges in the process of identification. Recently established admissibility criteria are driving researchers towards standardisation of methodological procedures. Despite these changes, experience still plays a central role in anthropological examinations. In order to avoid this issue, age estimation procedures (i) must be presented to the scientific community and published in peer reviewed journals, (ii) accurately explained in terms of procedure and (iii) present clear information about the accuracy of the estimation and possible error rates. In order to fulfil all these requirements, a number of methods based on physiological processes which result in biochemical changes in various tissue structures at the molecular level, such as modifications in DNA-methylation and telomere shortening, racemization of proteins and stable isotopes analysis, have been developed. The current work proposes a new systematic approach in age estimation based on tracing physicochemical and mechanical degeneration of the rib cortical bone matrix. This study used autopsy material from 113 rib specimens. A set of 33 parameters were measured by standard bio-mechanical (nanoindentation and microindentation), physical (TGA/DSC, XRD and FTIR) and histomorphometry (porosity-ImageJ) methods. Stepwise regressions were used to create equations that would produce the best ‘estimates of age at death’ vs real age of the cadavers. Five equations were produced; in the best of cases an equation counting 7 parameters had an R2 = 0.863 and mean absolute error of 4.64 years. The present method meets all the admissibility criteria previously described. Furthermore, the method is experience-independent and as such can be performed without previous expert knowledge of forensic anthropology and human anatomy.