bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Mechanical Loading is Required for the Formation of 3D Bioprinted Functional Osteocyte Bone Organoids using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Griesbach Julia , Ganeyev Marsel , Zehnder Anna-Katharina , Zeng Peng , Schädli Gian Nutal , Anke de Leeuw , Rubert Marina , Mueller Ralph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mechanical loading has been shown to influence various osteogenic responses of bone-derived cells and bone formation in vivo. However, the influence of mechanical stimulation on the formation of bone organoid in vitro is not clearly understood. Here, 3D bioprinted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-laden graphene oxide composite scaffolds were cultured in cyclic-loading bioreactors for up to 56 days. Our results showed that mechanical loading from day 1 (ML01) significantly increased organoid mineral density, organoid stiffness, and osteoblast differentiation compared with non-loading and mechanical loading from day 21. Importantly, ML01 stimulated collagen I maturation, osteocyte differentiation, lacunar-canalicular network formation and YAP expression on day 56. These finding are the first to reveal that long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Such 3D bone organoids may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of bone pathophysiology and drug screening.
AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 Vaccine Can Be Safely Administered in Patients with EDTA Allergy
Authors: Ali Syed Basharat , Perkins Griffith , Ryoo Dongjae , Lee Maverick , Tunbridge Matthew , Yuson Chino , Smith William , Hissaria Pravin , Le Thanh-Thao Adriana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines have been postulated to be linked to their excipients, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Pfizer Comirnaty, or polysorbate 80 and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) in AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] (Vaxzevria). These excipients are potentially found in a range of other products, including injectable and oral medications as well as intravenous radiocontrast media (RCM) and various cosmetic products.Currently patients with proven excipient allergy may be advised to avoid a COVID-19 vaccine containing that excipient and/or potentially cross-reactive excipients. We present two cases of previously confirmed EDTA anaphylaxis, who had negative Vaxzevria vaccine in-vivo testing and subsequently tolerated the vaccine.Case 1: A patient with history of anaphylaxis to RCM and local anaesthetics (LA) had positive intradermal test (IDT) to EDTA nine years earlier. Skin testing to Vaxzeria vaccine (up to 1:10 IDT), Comirnaty vaccine (up to 1:10 IDT) and EDTA 0.3mg/mL IDT were negative. However, following EDTA 3mg/ml IDT, he developed immediate generalised urticaria without anaphylaxis. Basophil activation testing was negative to disodium EDTA, Vaxzevria and Cominarty vaccines. Given the negative in-vitro and in-vivo testing to Vaxzevria vaccine, he proceeded to Vaxzevria immunisation and tolerated both doses.Case 2: A patient with history of anaphylaxis to RCM had positive skin testing to EDTA and RCM containing EDTA six years earlier. Following referral to COVID19 vaccine clinic, Vaxzevria vaccine (1:10 IDT) and Cominarty vaccine (1:10 IDT) were negative whilst EDTA was positive at 0.3mg/mL IDT. He subsequently tolerated both Vaxzevria vaccinations.Conclusion: Excipient allergy does not necessarily preclude a patient from receiving a vaccine containing that excipient. Allergy testing can help identify excipient-allergic patients who may still tolerate vaccination, which is important in situations where COVID-19 vaccination options are limited.
Deep Convolutional Bidirectional LSTM Model for identifying Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia using ECG Signal Variability
Authors: OJHA MANOJ KUMAR , Wadhwani Sulochna , Wadhwani Arun Kumar , Shukla Anupam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used widely to detect ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) and to diagnose heart disease. Deep learning models and large ECG data have made the diagnosis of VTA an attractive task to demonstrate the power of artificial intelligence in clinical applications. One of the life-threatening complications of VTA is cardiac arrest (CA). The VTA is divided into two categories: ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Abnormal electrical activity in the ventricle causes VT, which leads to CA, whereas the chaotic electrical activity in the ventricle leads to VF. To improve the clinical diagnostic system and to help cardiologists, it is essential to identify the risk of VTA at an early stage. The goal of this paper is to develop an end-to-end (E2E) deep learning model that uses a convolution neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long-short term memory network (BiLSTM) to classify VT and VF arrhythmias from multiple ECG databases. The CNN extracts features from ECG signals, and BiLSTM learns information. The ECG signals are acquired from the MIT-BIH malignant ventricular arrhythmia database (VFDB) and the Creighton University VTA database (CUDB). These ECG signals indicate that heart rate variability is a fast and dynamic event. Before the method's implementation, ECG signals are windowed at a fixed size according to annotation information and then normalized within each window. In terms of accuracy and sensitivity, the proposed CNN-BiLSTM deep learning model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. These results made it possible to obtain a relatively higher average accuracy (AC) of 99.37%, precision (PE) of 97.12%, a sensitivity (SE) of 98.15%, and F-score (FS) of 98.43%, and an overall accuracy of 99.07%, respectively.
Mapping the Aetiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Maternal Bacterial Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Chapuma Chikondi Isabel Joana , veer Charlotte Van der , Monk Edward J M , Selemani Apatsa , Kulapani David , Dunlop Catherine , Feasey Nicholas , Lissauer David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Over two-thirds of global maternal deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with more than 200,000 deaths per year. Maternal sepsis causes 10% of these deaths, twice the proportion observed in high-income countries. In SSA, limited access to diagnostic microbiology facilities poses difficulties in promptly identifying and managing maternal infection and sepsis. This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to summarize available data on the main bacterial agents causing maternal infections and their antibiotic susceptibility in SSA. Methods: Three electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase and African Journals Online. Our search strategy will combine terms relating to laboratory-confirmed bacterial infection, pregnancy, postnatal period and SSA. We will include observational studies describing maternal bacterial infection's aetiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns in SSA. Two authors will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. A third author will be consulted to resolve disagreements if they arise.We will summarize the proportion (and 95% confidence intervals) of samples testing positive for the most common bacteria and, depending on the data's availability and heterogeneity, examine results by country and/or region. If possible, we will describe trends over time and differentiate aetiological organisms and resistance/sensitivities by maternal infection sources. We will also undertake subgroup analyses based on HIV status, the invasive and non-invasive status of the infection, SSA sub-regions and mortality if there is adequate information to make such subgroup analysis feasible. Discussion: Data on the microbiologic outcomes for maternal infections in SSA are likely fragmented and not fully representative due to the limited availability of microbiology diagnostics and geographical differences in clinical and laboratory practices. If this is the case, policies and programme strategies to guide treatment and identify antimicrobial resistance threats in SSA settings will be challenging to target. Our systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the available data, describe the main organisms causing maternal infection and their sensitivities, and identify areas that require further research. Prospero ID: CRD42021238515
Time-resolved smoothness of distributed brain activity tracks conscious states and unifies emergent neural phenomena
Authors: Nanda Aditya , Johnson Graham , Mu Yu , Ahrens Misha , Chang Catie , Englot Dario , Breakspear Michael , Rubinov Mikail 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Much of systems neuroscience posits that emergent neural phenomena underpin important aspects of brain function. Studies in the field variously emphasize the importance of distinct emergent phenomena, including weakly stable dynamics, arrhythmic 1/f activity, long-range temporal correlations, and scale-free avalanche statistics. Few studies, however, have sought to reconcile these often abstract phenomena with interpretable properties of neural activity. Here, we developed a method to efficiently and unbiasedly generate model data constrained by interpretable empirical features in long neurophysiological recordings. We used this method to ground several major emergent neural phenomena to time-resolved smoothness, the correlation of distributed brain activity between adjacent timepoints. We first found that in electrocorticography recordings, time-resolved smoothness closely tracked transitions between conscious and anesthetized states. We then showed that a minimal model constrained by time-resolved smoothness, variance, and mean, captured dynamical and statistical emergent neural phenomena across modalities and species. Our results thus decouple major emergent neural phenomena from network mechanisms of brain function, and instead couple these phenomena to spatially nonspecific, time-resolved changes of brain activity. These results anchor several theoretical frameworks to a single interpretable property of the neurophysiological signal and, in this way, ultimately help bridge abstract theories of brain function with observed properties of brain activity.
A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designed Against Blood-Stage of Malaria: An Immunoinformatic And Structural Approach
Authors: Atapour Amir , Vosough Parisa , Jafari Somayeh , Sarab Gholamreza Anani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Malaria is a complex disease caused by genus Plasmodiumis parasites and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe form of malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A combination of different approaches is needed to control malaria, and on the other hand, resistance to first-line drugs and insecticides makes the need for an effective vaccine more mandatory than ever. Erythrocyte parasites have the most clinical symptoms, so designing the potential vaccine for this stage of infection could be very helpful. In this research, we used various bioinformatics tools to design an effective antibody-inducing multi-epitope vaccine against the blood-stage of malaria infection. For this purpose, we selected the malaria PfGARP protein as the target here. The predicted B and HTL epitopes and flagellin molecule (as an adjuvant) were connected with suitable linkers and the final construct vaccine was designed. The various properties of this construct, including physicochemical properties, 3D structures, molecular docking, molecular simulations, and in silico cloning were then carried out. Based on preliminary findings, our designed fusion construct could be proposed as a novel potential vaccine candidate against Malaria. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are essential for further validation.
Combined, Converted, and Prophylactic Use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Severe Torso Trauma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Irahara Takayuki , Oishi Dai , Tsuda Masanobu , Kajita Yuka , Mori Hisatake , Terashima Tsuguaki , Tanabe Subaru , Hattori Miyuki , Kuge Yuuji , Takeyama Naoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used as an intra-aortic balloon occlusion method in Japan; however, the protocols for its effective use in different pathological conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to summarise the strategies of REBOA use in severe torso trauma.Methods: Twenty-nine cases of REBOA for torso trauma treated at our hospital over 5 years were divided into the shock (n=12), cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) (n=13), and non-shock (n=4) groups. We retrospectively examined patient characteristics, trauma mechanism, injury site, severity score, intervention, survival rates at 24 hours, and intervention details in each group.Results: In the shock group, 9 and 3 patients survived and died within 24 hours, respectively; time to intervention (56.6 vs 130.7 min, p=0.346) and total occlusion time (40.2 vs 337.7 min, p=0.009) were both shorter in surviving patients than in the casualties. In the CPA group, 10 patients were converted from resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamp (RTACC); a single patient survived. Four patients in the non-shock group survived, having received prophylactic REBOA.Conclusions: The efficacy of REBOA for severe torso trauma depends on patient condition. In the shock group, time to intervention and total occlusion time correlated with survival. The use of REBOA with definitive haemostasis and minimum delays to intervention may improve outcomes. Patients with CPA are at a high risk of mortality; however, conversion from RTACC may be effective in some cases. Prophylactic intervention in the non-shock group may help achieve immediate definitive haemostasis.
Understanding Rheology of Metal Nanocontacts
Authors: Khosravi Ali , LAINE Antoine , Vanossi Andrea , Wang Jin , Siria Alessandro , Tosatti Erio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mechanical rigidity or softness of metal-metal nanocontacts under large vibrations is important in nanoscale rheology and in technology. A puzzling shear-induced liquefaction under oscillatory strain, totally unexpected at room temperature, was suggested by recent experiments on nanosized gold junctions. Here we show theoretically that the simulated gold nanocontact structure actually remains crystalline even under large oscillatory strains. Tensile and compressive slips, respectively of “necking” and “bellying” types, do take place, but recover reversibly even during fast oscillatory cycles. We also explain why, counterintuitively, the residual stress remains tensile after both slips, driving the averaged stiffness from positive to negative, thus superficially mimicking a liquid’s. Unlike a liquid, however, the softening of the solid junction occurs by stick-slip, predicting largely frequency independent stiffness with violent noise in stress and conductance, all properties compatible with experiments. This surprising large amplitude rheology of nanojunctions and its consequences are likely to apply, with different parameters, to many other metals.
Risk Factor Analysis of Perioperative Complications in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Undergoing Primary Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Sakuraba Koji , Omori Yuki , Kai Kazuhiro , Terada Kazumasa , Kobara Nobuo , Kamura Satoshi , Fujimura Kenjiro , Bekki Hirofumi , Ohta Masanari , Miyahara Hisa-aki , Fukushi Jun-ichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often causes cervical spine lesions as the disease condition progresses, which induce occipital neuralgia or cervical myelopathy requiring surgical interventions. Meanwhile, patients with RA are susceptible to infection or other complications in the perioperative period because they frequently have comorbidities and use immunosuppressive medications. However, the risk factors or characteristics of patients with RA who experience perioperative complications after cervical spine surgery remain unknown. A risk factor analysis of perioperative complications in patients with RA who underwent primary cervical spine surgery was conducted in the present study.Methods: A total of 139 patients with RA who underwent primary cervical spine surgery from January 2001 to March 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Age and height, weight, serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS), Charlson comorbidity index, medications used, cervical spine lesion, surgery time, bleeding volume, and procedures were collected from medical records to compare the patients with complications to those without complications after surgery. The risk factors for perioperative complications were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Twenty-eight patients (20.1%) had perioperative complications. Perioperative complications were significantly associated with the following factors [data presented as odds ratio (confidence interval)]: lower height [0.928 (0.880-0.980), p=0.007], higher ASA-PS [2.296 (1.007-5.235), p=0.048], longer operation time [1.013 (1.004-1.021), p=0.003], more bleeding volume [1.004 (1.000-1.007), p=0.04], higher rates of vertical subluxation [2.914 (1.229-6.911), p=0.015] and subaxial subluxation (SAS) [2.507 (1.063-5.913), p=0.036], occipito-cervical (OC) fusion [3.438 (1.189-9.934), p=0.023], and occipito-cervical/thoracic (long) fusion [8.021 (2.145-29.99), p=0.002] in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, lower height [0.915 (0.860-0.974), p=0.005], higher ASA-PS [2.622 (1.023-6.717), p=0.045] and long fusion [7.289 (1.694-31.36), p=0.008] remained risk factors. High-dose prednisolone use [1.247 (1.024-1.519), p=0.028], SAS [6.413 (1.381-29.79), p=0.018], OC fusion [17.93 (1.242-258.8), p=0.034] and long fusion [108.1 (6.876-1699), p<0.001] were associated with severe complications.Conclusions: ASA-PS and long fusion could be indicators predicting perioperative complications in patients with RA after cervical spine surgery. In addition, cervical spine lesions requiring OC fusion or long fusion and high-dose prednisolone use were suggested to be risk factors for increasing severe complications.
Influence of Short-Term Conservative Treatment Using Kinesiotape On Hallux Valgus Angle
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Gharib Magdy , Moustafa Mahmoud , Qasheesh Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Hallux Valgus HV was first proposed as a common pathologic condition affecting the great toe. The mechanism behind it is yet unknown. It has an impact on one's quality of life and ability to perform since it alters the mechanics of the foot and causes pain. conservative treatment is crucial. Kinesiotape (KT) has been demonstrated to be challengeable, cost-effective, and effective tool for restoring muscle function and strength, improving range of motion, reducing discomfort, and increasing lymphatic drainage, as well as having a mechanical correction effect. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 8 weeks KT for HV-on-HV angle (HVA) and subsequently on pain.Design: pretest posttest control group randomized controlled trial.Subjects: Thirty HV patients their mean age 29.07 ±6.3 years.Methods: Patients were assigned randomly to study(A) and control(B) groups, study group received KT for HV which is replaced every 5 days for 8 weeks, and home regular exercise program for HV, control group received placebo KT replaced every 5 days and the same exercise program for HV, HVA was measured using x-ray pre and post taping also pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) Results: HVA showed a significant reduction in study group (p = 0.001) for right and left feet while non-significant reduction occurred in control group (p = 0.11 for right foot, p = 0.09 for left foot, while pain showed significant improvement in both study and control groups in both feet (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that KT in mobile hallux valgus for 8 weeks is effective on improving the metatarsophalangeal joint angle, decreasing pain, and hence may has positive functional impact in patients with hallux valgus.Clinical trial registration: retrospectively registered 5th of DEC. (NCT05165134)
Superlative Photoelectrochemical Properties of 3D MgCr- LDH Nanoflowers influencing towards Photoinduced Water Splitting Reactions
Authors: nayak susanginee , Parida Kulamani M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are competent photocatalysts for water splitting reactions, vital to produce solar fuels, but their restricted available reactive sites, slow mass and charge transfer, are yet remain a challenge. To surmount these lacunas, Nanoflowers-like three-dimensional (3D) open structure of MgCr-LDH have been designed in a substrate-free path by one-step formamide assisted hydrothermal treatment followed by visible light irradiation and utilized as efficient photocatalysts for the H2 and O2 production. The structural, morphological, optical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the MgCr-LDH nanoflowers were extensively examined, by various physico-chemical characterization techniques. Moreover, the well-designed 3D MgCr-LDH nanoflowers with open structure were formed by a stacking of numerous 2D nanosheets, which inherently triggered with magnificent PEC properties, including high current density of 6.9 mA/cm2, smallest arc of the Nyquist plot (59.1 Ω cm−2) with photostability of 6000 s thereby enhancing the photocatalytic water splitting activity along. Moreover such a perfectly self-stacked 2D nanosheet in 3D MgCr-LDH possess defect sites as enriched 50% oxygen vacancy resulting a good contact surface within the structure for effective light absorption and easy electron and hole separation, facilitates the adsorption of protons and intermediate of water oxidation. Further, the doped Cr3+ pull up electrons from water oxidation intermediates, thereby displaying superior photocatalytic H2 and O2 production activity of 1315 µmol/h and 579 µmol/h, respectively. Favorable oxygen vacancy type defect surface with Cr3+ dopant in MgCr-LDH triggers significant PEC properties, which influences the easy charge transfer and separation mechanism and robustly enhance the photocatalytic performance of the nanoflower.