bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’emploi du laiton dans les monnayages d’argent médiévaux
Authors: Sarah Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

Le laiton, alliage constitué de cuivre et de zinc, présente la particularité d’avoir été produit aux époques anciennes non pas par le mélange de ces deux métaux (comme le sont le cuivre et l’étain dans le bronze par exemple), mais par le procédé de cémentation, une diffusion à l’état solide dans des conditions d’atmosphère et de températures contrôlées : les savoir-faire antiques et médiévaux – dans l’Occident et le bassin méditerranéen à tout le moins – n’autorisaient en effet pas la production de zinc métallique. Par conséquent, les fortes teneurs en zinc de l’ordre du pour cent, voire de plusieurs pour cent, relevées à l’occasion d’analyses de séries monétaires chrétiennes des premiers siècles du Moyen Âge, ne peuvent résulter que de l’ajout de laiton pour l’altération des alliages à base d’argent qui constituent les pièces. Des résultats analytiques ont été publiés par le passé relativement à différents monnayages et des interprétations ont été proposées par les auteurs ayant été confrontés à ces observations. L’objectif de cette contribution est double : il s’agit d’une part de proposer une vision large du phénomène de la pratique de l’ajout de laiton dans les monnaies d’argent pendant le haut Moyen Âge, par la prise en compte des résultats antérieurs et de nouvelles séries d’analyses ; d’autre part, la confrontation des données rassemblées constitue un support de réflexions pour formuler des hypothèses d’explication de ce phénomène, ainsi que des propositions de pistes de recherche pour les mettre à l’épreuve.
Assessment of Epidemiological Profile of Hip Fractures and Their Risk Factors in A Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rathore Surendra Singh , Rathore Jitendra Singh , Bhati Lokpal Singh , Rathore Devendra Singh 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Hip fractures are common injuries contributing to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The present case–control study was conducted to assess the epidemiological profile of hip fractures and their risk factors in a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a retrospective case–control study carried out in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. Fifty patients aged 40 years and above who were admitted with radiologically detected fractures of the femur were included as cases. Controls were selected in an equal number of cases. All the physiological parameters were recorded. Other variables were also noted. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS software version 21.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
The study population consisted of 50 cases and 50 controls with an equal male-female ratio. Out of 25 cases in males, 68% were extracapsular and 32% were intracapsular fractures. Out of 25 cases in females, 60% were extracapsular and 40% were intracapsular fractures. The extracapsular (24%) and intracapsular (16%) fractures were maximum in the age group of 40–50 years in males. The extracapsular fractures (28%) and intracapsular (16%) were maximum in the age group of 60–70 years in females. Fractures taking place indoors due to loss of balance were higher (38%). Fractures occurring outdoors due to slip higher (22%). The history of weight loss in the past year was more in cases (44%). Cases were more inactive (46%) in the past than controls. Cases were more inactive (34%) in the past than controls. History of chronic diseases such as diabetes was more in cases (14%), and hypertension was more in controls than cases. History of drug uses as some sought of medication was more in cases (52%) than controls, and usage of drugs for hypertension and calcium tablets was more in controls than cases. Addiction to smoking was more in cases, and alcohol was more in controls.

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that in males, extracapsular fractures were more, and in females, intracapsular fractures were more. The extracapsular and intracapsular fractures were maximum in the age group of 40–50 years in males. The extracapsular fractures and intracapsular were maximum in the age group of 60–70 years in females. Fractures taking place indoors due to loss of balance were higher. Fractures occurring outdoors due to slip was higher.
Salivary Zinc Levels in Mixed Unstimulated Saliva of Children and its Correlation with Dental Caries
Authors: Mathur Anmol , Mathur Aditi , Aggarwal Vikram Pal , Jain Ridam 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in human and animals. It is essential for the growth and development in humans and has diverse roles. While the effects of zinc on calculus and plaque growth have been reviewed extensively, its interaction with dental caries has received less attention.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study done on 60 children belonging to 4–6 and 12–14 years of age groups (30 children in each age group). After intraoral examination, the patients were categorised into low caries (deft <2) and high caries category (deft more than 5), with 15 children in each group. Saliva samples were collected, and the estimation of salivary zinc was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis used was Student's t-test, applied to test the association between high and low caries group.

Results:
The mean values of salivary zinc levels are significantly higher in the low caries category of both groups. The difference in mean salivary zinc values computed for Student's t-test among high and low caries category is found to be highly significant for both the age groups.

Conclusion:
Salivary zinc levels are negatively correlated with dental caries experience in both the dentition. The authors conclude that zinc can be used in toothpaste to reduce the caries prevalence.
Comparison of Immediate and Delayed Loading of Dental Implants in Mandibular Posterior Teeth
Authors: Shaik Khadar Vali , Albilasi Rakan Menwer , Arqoub Albalawi Bader Falah , Alruwaili Faris Alturqi , Sanaka Sankar Rao 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
The study is aimed to compare the clinical outcome of immediate and delayed loaded single tooth implants in replacement of mandibular posterior tooth in consideration with implant stability quotient, bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, marginal bone loss and peri-implant radiolucency.

Materials and Methods:
The study consisted of 20 patients who were divided into two groups and compared: Group A is an immediately loaded group with ten patients who received implants in the mandibular posterior tooth region along with abutment on the same day and acrylic crown placed within 48 h and the second group is a conventionally loaded group of ten patients who received the implant in the mandibular posterior tooth region in which the cover screw was placed and conventionally loaded after 3 months. Implant stability quotient, implant mobility, bone loss and peri-implantitis were assessed at 1st and 6th months after loading. All patients were evaluated for the parameters at 1st, 3rd and 6th months after loading in both the groups.

Results:
Probing depths obtained for all twenty patients after 1 and 6 months of loading were within the normal range (1–3 mm). In Group A, the mean probing depth after 1-month loading was 1.8 mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.63 and after 6 months of loading 1.2 mm with SD 0.42. In Group B, the mean of the probing depth after 1 month of loading is 1.8 mm with SD 0.42 and remained the same post loading after 6 months. Marginal bone loss was measured mesially and distally after 1 month and 6 months in both the groups. The standard intraoral periapical radiograph was used to evaluate peri-implant radiolucency. No patient showed peri-implantitis for 6-month follow-up after loading of implants.

Conclusion:
Immediate loading of an implant in a single mandibular posterior tooth can be an effective treatment modality and a promising alternative to delayed loading.
Midterm Clinical Results of Bankart Repair, Bankart Remplissage, and Latarjet Procedures for Treating Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Saremi Hossein , Saneii Ali , Goodarzi Bijan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
: This study compared the midterm outcomes of pain, apprehension and range of motion in the shoulder after three arthroscopic procedures including Bankart repair, Bankart repair plus remplissage, and Latarjet surgeries, in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.

Materials and Methods
: We evaluated 128 patients who had undergone anterior shoulder instability surgery at least 4 years ago in our centre based on pain, apprehension and range of motion of both shoulders. Pain was assessed with visual analogue scale, apprehension by physical examination and range of motion with goniometer. We divided them into three groups based on their treatment: (1) Bankart repair, (2) Bankart remplissage and (3) Laterjet procedure.

Results
: There were 34 patients with Bankart repair, 68 with Bankart remplissage and 26 with Latarjet procedure. The mean of follow-up time was 6.2 years. There was only one re-dislocation. Apprehension was positive in two patients of Bankart repair, eight patients of Bankart remplissage and none of Latarjet procedure groups. The movement limitation average of the external rotation was 9.12° in Bankart repair, 7° in Bankart rempilssage and 18.53° in Latarjet procedure groups. The means of visual analogue scales were 0.29, 0.76, and 0.38 in Bankart repair, Bankart remplissage and Latarjet procedure groups.

Conclusion
: All operations had had satisfactory results. Remplissage does not induce more restriction on the range of motion. However, in case of more bone loss in the humeral head, apprehension seems to be more positive in those who do remplissage. Latarjet procedure seems to be very effective but causes more range of motion restrictions.
A Comparison of Homocysteine, Troponin, Cobalamin and Folate Status in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Niazi Abbas Ali , Karajibani Mansour , Ghassami Keivan , Montazerifar Farzaneh , Iranneghad Maryam , Bolouri Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Homocysteine (HCY), troponin, cardiac markers, folic acid and Vitamin B12 are known as the potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. This study was designed to evaluate these markers as candidate biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of AMI.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out on 40 AMI patients and 40 healthy subjects. After taking blood, HCY level was measured by an enzymatic, troponin and Vitamin B12, while the level of folic acid was determined by the radioimmunoassay method. In addition, the cardiac enzyme markers and lipid profile were measured by commercial kits and spectrophotometric method.

Results:
The results showed that patients' HCY levels were significantly more than the control group. Furthermore, the level of troponin was significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.0001), while serum levels of cardiac enzyme markers were significantly higher in patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum folic acid and Vitamin B12 levels differed between the two groups (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between HCY with cholesterol (r = 0.32, P < 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = 0.38, P < 0.02) in the patients.

Conclusion:
Elevated fasting HCY and troponin concentration are related to the lower circulation of folate and Vitamin B12 levels in the patients. The deficiency of these vitamins plays a role as an independent factor in HCY metabolism. As our findings revealed, despite a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the level of LDL-C increased in the patients. It can be inferred that merging enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers might be more valuable in the diagnosis of AMI.
Dermatoglyphics Findings in Intellectual Disability Children with Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sariza Astri Anindya , Maristka Ziske , Hayati Lusia , Inggarsih Rara , Purnamasari Septi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Intellectual disability is a condition, in which mental development is incomplete or hindered, causing the individuals to encounter difficulties in everyday learning. Some of the conditions with intellectual disability can be seen in dermatoglyphics due to the same period formation between fingerprints and the neocortex. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of dermatoglyphics in intellectual disability individuals with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach on children with intellectual disabilities diagnosed with Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD in a special needs school in Palembang.

Results:
Of all 86 respondents, 31 (36%) had Down syndrome, 30 (34.88%) had ASD and 25 (29.07%) had ADHD. The most commonly found fingerprint patterns in Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD were ulnar loop patterns (80.96%, 59.67% and 46.8%, respectively). The mean pattern Intensity Index values were 11.03 for Down syndrome, 13.06 for ASD and 14.36 for ADHD. The mean Dankmeijer Index values were 3.57 in Down syndrome, 12.07 in ASD and 16 in ADHD. The mean Furuhata Index values were 18.72 in Down syndrome, 107.29 in ASD and 146.22 in ADHD. The angle of axial triradius digital in Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD was mostly on the right and left palm: 3°–65°.

Conclusions:
The majority of intellectual disability individuals with Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD shared relatively the same dermatoglyphic findings, especially in the fingerprint pattern, yet show differences in some measurements.
Incidence of Urinary Tract Injury While Performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Role of Cystoscopy
Authors: Choudhary Sumesh Divakant , Mishra Vineet V , Shah Kunur N , Aggarwal Rohina S , Solanki Smit B 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure performed by a gynaecological endoscopic surgeon. Urinary tract injuries, though rare, is a serious complication requiring early detection and management. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for injury to the lower urinary tract during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and the role of cystoscopy in diagnosing the injury.

Materials and Methods:
All patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease from January 1, 2017, to November 1, 2019, at the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre were included. Intraoperative cystoscopy with oral Pyridium given before surgery was routinely performed. Relevant data were abstracted to determine the incidence of lower urinary tract injury, predictors of injury and post-operative complications and the role of cystoscopy.

Results:
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed in 150 consecutive subjects. Out of the encountered 6 cases (4%) of renal injuries in our study, two (1.3%) cystotomies were noted and repaired. An absent ureteral spill of Pyridium was detected in one subject, ureteral injury that was detected and confirmed with retrograde pyelography and managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric implantation. Three patients had a ureteric injury which was missed initially with a cystoscope. Later on, the patient presented with a urinary leak. The injury was identified and managed surgically. Only 25% (1/4) of injuries were recognised with the use of cystoscopy with Pyridium. All patients recovered with no long-term complications on follow-up.

Conclusions:
Renal injuries are relatively uncommon during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Nevertheless, when an injury does occur, quick recognition of the problem and a working knowledge of its location and treatment are essential in providing patients with optimal medical care. Surgeons should consider performing cystoscopy at the time of total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
An Investigation of Effect of Rigid and Nonrigid Connector Designs on Implant as Pier Abutment In Implant Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis with Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kumar S. Manoj , Jei J Brintha , Krishnan Murugesan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
The effect and stress distribution of rigid and non-rigid connectors were evaluated on a 5-unit fixed partial denture (FPD) with an implant as pier abutment by finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods:
A three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography with Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format output was made for a patient with the implant in the second pre-molar region of the maxilla and missing the first pre-molar and first molar. In the obtained 3D finite element method (FEM) model, the implant in the second pre-molar region acts as a pier abutment. The canine and second molar served as terminal natural teeth abutments. By using CATIA V.05, the features of the implant in the second pre-molar region of 13 mm length and 3.75-mm diameter and 5 unit FPD tooth implant-supported prosthesis with rigid and non-rigid connector FEM models were made with a static vertical occlusal load of 250N. The areas and locations of maximum and minimum concentration of stress were analysed using Von Mises stress values for all the models at 10 Mpa.

Results:
The analysis of the von mishes stress values exposed the maximum stress concentrations at the load areas of all models. For all models, the highest stress values were located at connectors and cervical regions of abutment teeth, especially at the pier abutment.

Conclusion:
The area of maximum stress concentration at the pier abutment was decreased using the non-rigid connector at the mesial surface of the pier abutment.
Impact of Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Cycle Threshold Values on Sars-Cov-2–Positive Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment
Authors: Barman Rashmisnata , Taw Manash Jyoti , Rai Avdhesh Kumar , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Sarma Anupam , Das Sawmik , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Kataki Amal Chandra , Kalita Manoj 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, being a novel viral infection, has resulted in disruption of health services, including cancer patient's care and treatment. Hence, there was a need for testing and lateral integration of services for cancer patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1178 samples were collected from cancer patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing before undergoing treatment in a tertiary care cancer center. The realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was done using the E gene for screening, and for the confirmation, any of the three reactions using RdRp, ORF1bnsp14 and RNasePas were run as internal control.

Results:
Out of the 1178 samples tested, 211 (17.91%) were positive, and of these patients, 863 (73.25%) were men and 342 (29%) were women. Among the 863 men with cancer, 133 (15.41%) were real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) positive. Of the 342 women with cancer, 78 (22.80%) were positive. Of the 144 SARS-CoV-2–positive cancer patients with cycle threshold (Ct) <25, 112 (84.2%) were asymptomatic and 32 (41.0%) were symptomatic. Sixty-seven patients showed positive results with a Ct >25. Out of them, 21 (31.3%) were asymptomatic and 46 (68.65%) were symptomatic cancer patients (P < 0.001). Of 144 patients with Ct <25, only 4 (2.8%) patients tested negative within 7–9 days, whereas the rest of the 140 (97.22%) became negative in >9 and up to 28 days. In the 67 cancer patients with Ct >25, within 7–9 days, 50 (74.6%) became RT-PCR negative and the remaining 17 patients mostly >60 years age group became RT-PCR negative in >9–28 days.

Conclusions:
Ct value of qualitative SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase RT-PCR should be an important tool for an oncologist in designing and implementing patient management guidelines for SARS-CoV-2–positive cancer patients without or with symptoms for COVID-19.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Attitude of Schoolteachers About Epilepsy in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Norah , Alharbi Yousef Mohammed , Almasaud Abdulrahman Khalifah , Alsamarh Tareq Naseer , Alwasil Saleh Abdullah , Aldaham Ahmed Hamoud , Alolayan Omar Abdulaziz , Alharbi Abdulrahman Obaid 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterised by intermittent nervous system derangement due to sudden excessive cerebral neuron discharge that results in almost instantaneous sensation disruption and loss of consciousness. There is a clear lack of epilepsy information among the general population. This study was carried out with an aim to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of schoolteachers towards epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was administered to 433 schoolteachers working in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia from October to December 2020. A 20-item pretested validated questionnaire was distributed as a Google survey link, and the data collected were analysed using SPSS version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the categorical variables.

Results:
Around two-thirds of the teachers (35.2%) gained their information about epilepsy from public resources such as newspapers, television and the internet, and around half of them (53.1%) gained their information about epilepsy from multiple resources, namely from doctors, public resources and parents of students with epilepsy. Almost all teachers (99.3%) acknowledge that epilepsy is not a contagious disease, and more than half of the participants (58.4%) believed that there are multiple causes of epilepsy, including genetics, head trauma, infection, brain tumour and insanity.

Conclusion:
The study showed that teachers' knowledge of epilepsy was promising, but still, there are gaps in knowledge and attitude towards first aid management. There is a need to address this issue with the training of schoolteachers with the cooperation of local health professionals.