bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of numerical modeling to reservoir immersion assessment and control in dual-formation hydrogeological unit
Authors: Yang Yun , Nan Wengui , Guo Shenggen , Jin Dan , Wu Jianhui , Zhang Yu , Dou Zhi , Zhou Zhifang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reservoir immersion is a serious environmental geological issue in a dual-formation structural reservoir bank (DFB) induced by dynamic surface water impoundment (SWI) that has implications for low-lying farmland and buried infrastructure. It is a major challenge to identify the dynamic immersion process and make economic and scientific joint mitigation measures for controlling groundwater immersion. Here, we develop a three-dimensional groundwater flow model and apply it to evaluate and control reservoir immersion in the typical low-lying DFB of Xingan Navigation and Power Junction Project (XGNPJ) across Ganjiang River in Jiangxi Province, China. The field-scale model is well calibrated to predict where the groundwater immersion could potentially occur. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the countermeasures adopted for the reduction of reservoir immersion areas were analysed based on the simulation model by considering the projected future combination scenarios of engineering measures. Results indicate that without engineering mitigation measures, SWI generates groundwater inundation across 23% of the total study area. Comprehensive comparative analysis on different seepage control schemes reveals that the joint engineering measures can effectively control the immersion range to 5% of the total area. The findings can provide scientific basis for groundwater immersion assessment and guide immersion control of XGNPJ project.
Green synthesis of Fe nanoparticles by using Mangifera indica extract and its application in photo-catalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Zulfikar Mona , Nadeem Raziya , Javed Tariq , Jilani Muhammad Idrees , Javed Iram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An exceedingly facile green approach that produces a reliable adsorbent based on a transition metal such as Iron (Fe) using Mangifera indica leaf extract at room temperature is described. A single pot method was used for synthesis with no capping agents, surfactants or other templates. The main intention of this study is to synthesize iron nanoparticles from leaf extract (Mangifera indica) and examine its degradation potential for photo-catalytic removal of dyes (Congo red and brilliant green) from wastewater. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was executed by pHpzc, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies and results confirm the presence of iron nano-sheets with biomolecules. All photo-catalytic experimental results were assessed by sum of squared estimate of errors and simple linear regression R2 with dye concentration, pH, contact time and dose rate as dependent and independent variables. Adsorption experimental data was verified by kinetics and isothermal models. Results showed that Langmuir and pseudo second order models give best fitness towards the photo-catalytic adsorption procedure. Thermodynamics revealed that adsorption mechanism is endothermic, described by the values of changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy, and is chemisorption in nature, with spontaneous processes. Overall photo-catalytic adsorption execution with synthesized iron nanoparticles and simple biomass of Mangifera indica gives satisfactory results for treating dye wastewater.
MicroRNAs in the Management of Heart Failure
Authors: Kalampogias Aimilios , Siasos Gerasimos , Oikonomou Evangelos , Mourouzis Konstantinos , Bletsa Evanthia , Stampouloglou Panagiota K. , Katsianos Efstratios , Vlasis Konstantinos , Marinos Georgios , Charalambous Georgios , Vavouranakis Manolis , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In recent years much research has been devoted to the deployment of biomarkers in the field of heart failure.

Objectives:
To study the potential of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs on the diagnosis, management and therapy of heart failure.

Methods:
Literature search focus on the role of microRNAs in heart failure.

Results:
MicroRNAs are expressed and regulated in the course of the pathological manifestations
of heart failure (HF). This wide and uncharted area of genetic imprints consisting
of small non-coding RNA molecule is upregulated and released into the bloodstream
from organs under certain conditions and or stress. The use of genetically based strategies
for the management of HF has gained great interest in the field of biomedical science
because they can be used as biomarkers providing information regarding cardiac status
and function. They also appear as promising tools with therapeutic potential because
of their ability to induce changes at the cellular level without creating alterations in the
gene sequence. In addition, with the advances in genomic sequencing, quantification and
synthesis in technologies of microRNAs identification as well as the growing knowledge
of the biology of miRNAs and their involvement in HF, it is expected to favorably affect
the prognosis of HF patients.

Conclusion:
MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of multibiological processes involved
in the progress of heart failure. More studies are needed to achieve a clinical valuable
implementation of microRNAs in the management of HF.
Possible Therapeutic Uses of Extracellular Vesicles for Reversion
of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells: Context and Future
Perspectives
Authors: Tasin Fahim Rejanur , Halder Debasish , Mandal Chanchal 
Published: February 2021

:
Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes for cirrhotic liver disease and the lack of therapies to treat fibrotic liver is a major concern. Liver fibrosis is mainly occurred by activation of hepatic stellate cells and some stem cell therapies had previously reported for treatment. However, due to some problems with cell-based treatment, a safe therapeutic agent is vehemently sought by the researchers. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived nanoparticles that are employed in several therapeutic approaches, including fibrosis, for their ability to transfer specific molecules in the target cells. In this review the possibilities of extracellular vesicles to inactivate stellate cells are summarized and discussed. According to several studies, extracellular vesicles from different sources can either put beneficial or detrimental effects by regulating the activation of stellate cells. Therefore, targeting extracellular vesicles for maximizing or inhibiting their production is a potential approach for fibrotic liver treatment. Extracellular vesicles from different cells can also inactivate stellate cells by carrying out the paracrine effects of those cells, working as the agents. They are also implicated as smart carrier of anti-fibrotic molecules when their respective parent cells are engineered to produce specific stellate cell-regulating substances. A number of studies showed stellate cell activation can be regulated by up/downregulation of specific proteins, and extracellular vesicle-based therapies can be an effective move to exploit these mechanisms. In conclusion, EVs are advantageous nano-carriers with the potential to treat fibrotic liver by inactivating activated stellate cells by various mechanisms.
Sevoflurane But Not Propofol Provided Dual Effects of Cell Survival in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Gao Xue , Wang Xiu , Zhang Lei , Liang Ge , Mund Rachel , Wei Huafeng 
Published: February 2021

Background:
We have hypothesized that the most commonly used intravenous (propofol)
and inhalational (sevoflurane) general anesthetics affect cell survival concentration and duration
dependently with different potency associated with their differential potency to affect intracellular Ca+2
homeostasis.

Methods:
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with either wild type or M146L
mutant human presenilin 1 were cultured and exposed to equipotent of propofol or sevoflurane. Cell
viability, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium were measured.

Results:
Sevoflurane but not propofol, at clinically relevant concentrations and durations, promoted
cell survival. Prolonged exposure (24 hours) of 1% sevoflurane resulted in significant cell damage in
both types of cells. Both sevoflurane and propofol had significantly higher cell response rates to the
elevation of cytosolic Ca+2 or mitochondrial Ca+2 in the presence of extracellular calcium. With the
contribution of Ca+2 influx, sevoflurane but not equipotent 1 MAC propofol, caused a significantly
greater increase in peak and overall Ca+2 in Alzheimer’s mutation cell than in wild type cells, but significantly
more increase in overall mitochondrial Ca+2 concentrations in wild type than mutation cells.
In the absence of extracellular Ca+2 influx, sevoflurane, but not propofol, caused more significant elevations
of overall mitochondrial Ca+2 concentration in mutation cells than control cells.

Conclusion:
Calcium influx contributed to the general anesthetics mediated elevation of cytosolic or
mitochondrial Ca+2, which is especially true for propofol. Sevoflurane has a greater potency to either
promote or inhibit cell survival than propofol, which may be associated with its ability to affect cytosolic
or mitochondrial Ca+2 concentrations.
Clinical Characteristics and CT Imaging Features of COVID-19 on Admission: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Changchun , Cai Jianping , Zhang Mengmeng , Li Huizhen , Liu Chunyan , Dong Jian , Dong Jinghui 
Published: February 2021

Background and aims:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a
global health issue. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and CT imaging features
of patients with COVID-19 on admission.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively recruited
to this study from January 2020 to March 2020. According to the disease severity status on admission,
patients were divided into two groups, the common group, and the severe group.

Results:
Forty-four patients (F/M 20/24) who were COVID-19 positive were enrolled in this study.
The most common onset symptom was fever (90.9%), followed by cough (43.2%). As for the laboratory
tests, common findings included increased C reactive protein (47.7%) and erythrocyte sedimentation
rate (43.2%) and decreased lymphocyte (34.1%). The frequency of decreased lymphocyte
count and increased lactate dehydrogenasewas higher in the severe group (n=14) than in the
common group (n=30). About 86% of patients showed typical imaging findings of COVID-19 infection,
including ground-glass opacity with ill-defined margins, air bronchogram, interlobular septal
thickening, and consolidation. Lesions were mainly located in the peripheral and subpleural regions
with diffused distribution and multiple lung lobes were found to be affected.

Conclusion:
Fever and cough were the most common onset symptoms of COVID-19. Increased C
reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were the most common laboratory findings.
Typical signs of chest CT imaging of COVID-19 included ground-glass opacity with ill-defined
margins, air bronchogram, interlobular septal thickening, and consolidation.
Detection of Ureteral Stones in Kidney Ureter Bladder Radiography: Usefulness of Digital Post-processing
Authors: Choi Sang Lim , Park Sung Bin , Yang Seungwook , Lee Eun Sun , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Jong Beum , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder radiography (KUB) has frequently been used in
suspected urolithiasis, but its performance is known to be lower than that of Computed Tomography
(CT). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of digitally KUB in the detection
of ureteral stones.

Materials And Methods:
Thirty patients who underwent digital KUB and CT were included in this
retrospective study. The original digital KUB underwent post-processing that involved noise estimation,
reduction, and whitening in improving the visibility of ureteral stones. Thus, 60 digital original
or post-processed KUB images were obtained and ordered randomly for blinded review. After
a period, a second review was performed after unblinding stone laterality. The detection rates were
evaluated at both initial and second reviews, using CT as a reference standard. The objective (size)
and subjective (visibility) parameters of ureteral stones were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test was used
to compare the detection sensitivity between the original and post-processed KUB data set. Visibility
analysis was assessed with a paired t-test. The correlation of stone size between CT and digital
KUB data sets was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation test.

Results:
The detection rate was higher for most reviewers once stone laterality was provided and
was non-significantly better for the post-processed KUB images (p > 0.05). There was no significant
difference in stone size among CT and digital KUB data sets. In all reviews, visibility grade
was higher in the post-processed KUB images, irrespective of whether stone laterality was provided.

Conclusion:
Digital post-processing of KUB yielded higher visibility of ureteral stones and could
improve stone detection, especially when stone laterality was available. Thus, digitally post-processed
KUB can be an excellent modality for detecting ureteral stones and measuring their exact
size.
Antibiotic use Evaluation in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Respiratory
Tract Infections: A Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Mahboobipour Amir Ali , Baniasadi Shadi , Shahrebabaki Elahe Saberi , Tashayoie-Nejad Sabereh , Hassanzad Maryam 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common cause of antibiotic usage
in hospitalized pediatric patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to the emergence of
multidrug-resistant microorganisms and increased treatment costs.

Objective:
This study was designed to assess antibiotic usage in hospitalized pediatric patients with
RTIs.

Methods:
Medical charts of the patients admitted to the pediatric ward (PW) and pediatric intensive
care unit (PICU) of a tertiary respiratory center were reviewed. Patients’ demographic and clinical
data, including gender, age, weight, history of allergy, length of hospital stay, clinical diagnosis,
and prescribed antibiotics (indication, dose, and frequency of administration) were collected.
The appropriateness of antibiotic usage was evaluated in each patient according to international
guidelines.

Results:
Two hundred seventy-nine hospitalized patients were included in the study. The most common
reason for hospitalization was pneumonia (38%), followed by cystic fibrosis (20.1%) and
bronchitis (5%). The most commonly used antimicrobial agents were ceftriaxone, azithromycin,
and clindamycin which guideline adherence for their usage was 85.3%, 23.3%, and 47%; respectively.
Inappropriate dose selection was the main reason for non-adherence to the guidelines. The
adherence rate to RTIs’ guidelines (considering all parameters for each patient) was 27.6%. Multivariate
logistic regression analysis demonstrated CF and prescription of azithromycin are predictors
of guideline non-adherence.

Conclusion:
We found relatively low adherence to international guidelines in our center that could
be related to restricted definitions of optimal antibiotic therapy. Despite most patients received logical
antimicrobial therapy, actions should be taken into account to reach optimal antibiotic usage.
Computational Analysis of Drug Resistance Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kara Altan , Özgür Aykut , Tekin Şaban , Tutar Yusuf 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Lung cancer is a significant health problem and accounts for one-third of the deaths worldwide. A great majority of these deaths are caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy is the leading treatment method for NSCLC, but resistance to chemotherapeutics is an important limiting factor that reduces the treatment success of patients with NSCLC.

Objective:
In this study, the relationship between differentially expressed genes affecting the survival of the patients, according to the bioinformatics analyses, and the mechanism of drug resistance is investigated for non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods:
Five hundred thirteen patient samples were compared with fifty-nine control samples. The employed dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The information on how the drug activity altered against the expressional diversification of the genes was extracted from the NCI-60 database. Four hundred thirty-three drugs with known mechanism of action (MoA) were analyzed. Diversifications of the activity of these drugs related to genes were considered based on nine lung cancer cell lines virtually. The analyses were performed using R programming language, GDCRNATools, rcellminer, and Cytoscape.

Results:
This work analyzed the common signaling pathways and expressional alterations of the proteins in these pathways associated with survival and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Deduced computational data demonstrated that proteins of EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways were associated with molecular mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs in NSCLC cells.

Conclusion:
To understand the relationships between resistance to anticancer drugs and EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways is an important approach to design effective therapeutics for individuals with NSCLC adenocarcinoma.
COVID-19 and Neurology: An Emerging Association
Authors: Gupta Amit , Yadav Prakrati , Kumar Deepak 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is a cause of the ongoing pandemic, has the potential to infect the nervous system and causing neurological manifestations. However, patients with primarily neurological symptoms are often overlooked and tested later.

Objective :
We aim to summarise all the neurological manifestations which are reported so far to aid in early diagnosis and preventingze all the neurological manifestations that are reported so far to aid in early diagnosis and prevent further complication of the disease.

Methods and Material:
We did a literature search on the topic using Google search engine through Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO resources by keywords including Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Clinical features, Stroke, Transverse myelitis, Encephalitis, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hypogeusia, Hyposmia, Anosmia, and Neurological manifestations.

Discussion:
SARS-CoV-2 can affect the neuronal cells by both direct and indirect mechanisms. This can lead to various neurological manifestations ranging from subtle symptoms of myalgia, headache, dizziness, hypogeusia, hyposmia to dreaded complications like stroke, encephalitis, demyelinating disease like Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Conclusions:
Presentation of COVID-19 with neurological features is not uncommon, and these patients should be tested earlier to help in the prevention of transmission, early diagnosis, and management.
Assessment of Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Glucan on the Whole Blood Oxidative DNA Damage with the Comet Assay in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benlier Necla , Uçar Nilay , Öğüt Eda , Çinkir Havva Yeşil , Yildirim Mustafa , Karadeniz Pınar Günel , Akkol Esra Küpeli , Khan Haroon , Saygili Eyüp Ilker 
Published: February 2021

Objective:The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of beta-glucan on oxidative DNA damage by comet assay.Methods:A total of 19 adult females and males diagnosed with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer and a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood samples of the participants were analyzed using Comet Assay for the parameters of DNA damage.Results:Significantly increased DNA damage was observed in patients versus the control group as indicated by greater values of tail moment, tail percent DNA and tail length. Following incubation with β-glucan, a substantial reduction was found in the aforementioned parameters of DNA damage. Comet assay revealed significant levels of endogenous DNA damage in patients as shown by remarkable increases in the tail moment, the percentage of DNA in the tail and the tail length values, in comparison with the control group. Following treatment of fresh whole blood with β-glucan incubation, DNA damages were significantly reduced, but lower values were observed after β-glucan incubation in the patient group versus control group.Conclusion:β-Glucan was found to reduce DNA damage substantially in colorectal cancer patients and show antimutagenic effects. Our results suggested that dietary β-glucan intake might be important in the genesis of colorectal cancer tumors.
Withdrawal Notice: A Critical Review of Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Ethnomedicinal Properties of Basella alba L.
Authors: Bose Abhijit , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Das Aindrila , Bose Sankhadip , Roychoudhury Purnendu Kumar , Maity Subhasis 
Published: February 2021

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