bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The differential presence of human polyomaviruses, JCPyV and BKPyV, in prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy tissues
Authors: Shen Chenghuang , Tung Chunliang , Chao Chunnun , Jou Yeongchin , Huang Shupei , Meng Menghsiao , Chang Deching , Chen Peilain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that human polyomavirus infection may be associated with various human cancers. We investigated the potential relationship between the prevalence of JCPyVor BKPyV and prostate cancer (PC) in patients from Taiwan.

Methods
Patients with PC and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH; 76 and 30 patients, respectively) were recruited for this study. Paraffin-embedded tissues and clinical information of the patients were obtained. The tissue sections were used for viral DNA detection and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for examining viral large T (LT) and VP1 proteins. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the clinical characteristics of the patients and the risk of JCPyV/BKPyV infection.

Results
The prevalence of JCPyV/BKPyV DNA was different in PC and BPH tissues (27/76 [35.52%] and 2/30 [6.7%], respectively, p = 0.003)]. The LT and VP1 proteins were detected in 27 (35.52%) and 29 PC (38.2%) specimens, respectively, but neither protein was detected in BPH samples (p < 0.001). PC cells were more susceptible to JCPyV infection than BPH tissues [odds ratio (OR) 7.71, 95% CI: 1.71–34.09, p = 0.003). Patients with PC showing high levels of prostate-specific antigen and high Gleason scores were associated with a high risk of viral infection (ORs 1.1, 95% CI 1.000–1.003; p = 0.045 and ORs 6.18, 95% CI 1.26–30.33, p = 0.025, respectively). The expression of LT protein associated with the risk of PC increased 2923.39-fold (95% CI 51.19–166,963.62, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings indicate that JCPyV infection in PC cells may be associated with prostate cancer progression and prognosis.

Graphical abstract
Experiences of healthcare staff providing community-based mental healthcare as a multidisciplinary community mental health team in Central and Eastern Europe findings from the RECOVER-E project: an observational intervention study
Authors: Roth Catharina , Wensing Michel , Kuzman Martina Rojnic , Bjedov Sarah , Medved Sara , Istvanovic Ana , Grbic Danijela Stimac , Simetin Ivana Pavic , Tomcuk Aleksandar , Dedovic Jovo , Djurisic Tatijana , Nica Raluca Ileana , Rotaru Tiberiu , Novotni Antoni , Bajraktarov Stojan , Milutinovic Milos , Nakov Vladimir , Zarkov Zahari , Dinolova Roumyana , Walters Bethany Hipple , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Petrea Ionela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) deliver healthcare that supports the recovery of people with mental illness. The aim of this paper was to explore to what extent team members of five CMHTs newly implemented in five countries perceived that they had introduced aspects of the recovery-oriented, strength-based approach into care after a training week on recovery-oriented practice. In addition, it evaluated what the team members’ perceptions on their care roles and their level of confidence with this role were.MethodAn observational intervention study using a quantitative survey that was administered among 52 health professionals (21 Nurses, 13 Psychiatrists, 9 Psychologists, 8 Social Workers) and 14 peer workers including the Recovery Self-Assessment Tool Provider Version (RSA-P), the Team Member Self-Assessment Tool (TMSA), and demographic questions was conducted. The measures were self-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables (TMSA tool and demographic data). The standard technique to calculate scale scores for each subscale of the RSA-P was used. Bivariate linear regression analyses were applied to explore the impact of predictors on the subscales of the RSA-P. Predictors with significant effects were included in multiple regression models.ResultThe RSA-P showed that all teams had the perception that they provide recovery–oriented practice to a moderately high degree after a training week on recovery-oriented care (mean scores between 3.85–4.46). Health professionals with fewer years of professional experience perceived more frequently that they operated in a recovery-oriented way (p = 0.036, B = − 0.268). Nurses and peer workers did not feel confident or responsible to fulfil specific roles.ConclusionThe findings suggest that a one-week training session on community-based practices and collaborative teamwork may enhance recovery-oriented practice, but the role of nurses and peer workers needs further attention.Trial registrationEach trial was registered before participant enrolment in theclinicaltrials.govdatabase: Croatia, Zagreb (Trial Reg. No.NCT03862209); Montenegro, Kotor (Trial Reg. No.NCT03837340); Romania, Suceava (Trial Reg. No.NCT03884933); Macedonia, Skopje (Trial Reg. No.NCT03892473); Bulgaria, Sofia (Trial Reg. No.NCT03922425).
Challenges with social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic among Hispanics in New York City: a qualitative study
Authors: Gonzalez Christopher J. , Aristega Almeida Bryan , Corpuz George S. , Mora Hector A. , Aladesuru Oluwatobi , Shapiro Martin F. , Sterling Madeline R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hispanics in the United States are disproportionately affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). While social distancing and quarantining are effective methods to reduce its spread, Hispanics, who are more likely to be essential workers and live in multigenerational homes than non-Hispanics, may face challenges that limit their ability to carry out these preventative efforts. We elicited the experiences of Hispanic adults with social distancing and self-quarantining during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York.

Methods
In this qualitative study, Hispanic adults receiving care at a federally qualified community health center in East Harlem, New York, were recruited for remote one-on-one semi-structured interviews from 5/15/2020 to 11/17/2020. Interviews were conducted by a bilingual interviewer in Spanish or English, using a semi-structured topic guide informed by the Health Belief Model. Audio-recordings were professionally transcribed. We used thematic analysis to iteratively code the data. Each transcript was independently coded by two research team members, then reconciled by a third. Major themes and subthemes were identified.

Results
Among 20 participants, four major themes emerged; Hispanics were: (1) fearful of contracting and transmitting COVID-19, (2) engaging in practices to reduce transmission of COVID-19, (3) experiencing barriers to social distancing and quarantining, and (4) facing an enduring psychological and physical toll from COVID-19.

Conclusions
Despite understanding the risks for contracting COVID-19 and taking appropriate precautions, Hispanics faced numerous challenges to social distancing and quarantining, such as living in crowded, multi-generational households, working as essential workers, and providing unpaid care to family members. Such challenges took a toll on their physical, emotional, and financial well-being. Our findings suggest that a tailored approach to public health messaging and interventions for pandemic planning are warranted among members of this community. Further research is needed to understand and mitigate the long term physical and psychological consequences of the pandemic among Hispanics.
Development of the set of scales to assess the job satisfaction among physicians in Peru: validity and reliability assessment
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Torres-Puente Roberto , Castillo-Blanco Ronald , Cabieses Baltica , Bellido-Boza Luciana , Mezones-Holguin Edward 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess the validity and reliability of the set of scales (general professional activity, health services management, and working conditions) on the different areas of job satisfaction in Peruvian physicians based on the data from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health (ENSUSALUD).

Method
We carried out a psychometric study based on the secondary data analysis of Questionnaire 2 of ENSUSALUD-2016. Participants were selected from a two-stage stratified national probability representative sampling by political region. Validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and measurement invariance analysis. We assessed the reliability using internal consistency coefficients (alpha and omega). The set of scales were composed of items related to three different areas of job satisfaction: 1) satisfaction with general professional activity, 2) satisfaction with the health services management, and 3) satisfaction with the working conditions of the health center.

Results
We included 2137 participants in the analysis. The general professional activity scale with six items (Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.946; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.071; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR = 0.035), the health services management scale with eight items (CFI) = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.081; SRMR = 0.028), showed good measurement properties for the one-dimensional model. The working conditions scale with eight items for individual conditions and three items for infrastructural conditions (CFI = 0.914; RMSEA = 0.080; SRMR = 0.055) presented adequate measurement properties with a two-dimensional model. The invariance analysis showed that comparisons between sex, age, civil status, medical speciality, working in other institutions, work-related illness, chronic disease, and time working in the healthcare center. All scales had adequate internal consistency (ω and α between 0.70 and 0.90).

Conclusions
The set of scales has a solid factorial structure and measurement invariance, making it possible for group comparison. The study achieved stability in the scores as they showed adequate internal consistency coefficients. Based on our findings, these instruments are suitable for measuring job satisfaction among outpatient physicians throughout Peru, as our data is representative of the country level.
How should we evaluate sweetened beverage tax policies? A review of worldwide experience
Authors: Ng Shu Wen , Colchero M. Arantxa , White Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver 45 jurisdictions globally have implemented sweetened beverage taxes. Researchers and policymakers need to assess whether and how these taxes change beverage demand and supply, their intended and unanticipated health, economic and equity impacts. Lessons from such evaluations can maximise the policies’ success and impact on non-communicable disease prevention globally. We discuss key theoretical, design and methodological considerations to help policymakers, funders and researchers commission and conduct rigorous evaluations of these policies and related disease prevention efforts. We encourage involving the perspectives of various stakeholders on what evaluations are needed given the specific context, what data and methods are appropriate, readily available or can be collected within time and budget constraints. A logic model /conceptual system map of anticipated implications across sectors and scales should help identify optimal study design, analytical techniques and measures. These models should be updated when synthesising findings across diverse methods and integrating findings across subpopulations using similar methods.
Is the health-awareness of leaders related to the working conditions, engagement, and exhaustion in their teams? A multi-level mediation study
Authors: Grimm Luisa A. , Bauer Georg F. , Jenny Gregor J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Research shows that leaders influence the health and well-being of employees, by being either a buffer or major source of employee’s work stressors. Various leadership behaviors and their relation to employee outcomes have been examined. Yet, a satisfactory explanation of how leaders’ behavior influences health has not been found. A new line of research investigates the construct of “health-oriented leadership”, that is, the health awareness of leaders towards themselves (“self-care”) and towards their employees (“staff-care”). It is hypothesized that this health-orientation has a direct effect on both leader’s and employees’ health, as well as an indirect effect mediated by their working conditions.

Methods
Data were derived from four company research projects, that involved employee and leader surveys on work, health, and well-being. The sample consisted of 50 teams, with 191 leaders and 604 team members. To test the relation between a leader’s self-care and his/her engagement, exhaustion, as well as staff-care, multiple regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted. The relation between a leader’s staff-care, the team’s job resources and demands, and the individual employee outcomes engagement and exhaustion were tested with multilevel analyses.

Results
Regression analysis showed that the stronger a leader’s health-orientation towards him/−herself (“self-care”), the stronger was the health-orientation towards his/her employees (“staff-care”). A leader’s self-care was also associated with higher work engagement and lower exhaustion and this relation was mediated by his/her job resources and demands, respectively. Multilevel analysis showed that a leader’s staff-care was associated with employee work engagement and exhaustion, and that this relation was mediated by team-level job resources and demands, respectively.

Conclusions
The health-orientation of leaders relates to their own as well as their teams’ engagement and exhaustion, which is partly mediated by job demands and resources. Thus the construct of health-orientation may prove worthy of further exploration. For practical conclusions, this study provides support for researching not different leadership styles with very specific facets, but a general orientation towards health, which can be implemented into coaching and consulting sessions for organizations.
Determination of oxygen saturation compared to a prescribed target range using continuous pulse oximetry in acutely unwell medical patients
Authors: Harper James C. P. , Semprini Ruth , Kearns Nethmi A. , Hatter Lee , Bird Grace E. , Braithwaite Irene , Eathorne Allie , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Both inadequate and excessive administration of oxygen to acutely unwell patients results in risk of harm. Guidelines recommend titration of oxygen to achieve a target oxygen saturation (SpO2) range. Information regarding whether this is being achieved is limited.

Methods
In this two-centre non-interventional study we used continuous pulse oximetry in acutely unwell medical patients over a 24-h period to determine the proportion of time spent with SpO2 within the prescribed target range and whether this is influenced by the target range, age, care in a high-dependency area and the number of oxygen adjustments.

Results
Eighty participants were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) proportion of time spent in target range was 55.6% (23.6), this was lower in those with a reduced hypercapnic target range (88–92% or below) compared to those with a range of 92–96%; difference − 13.1% (95% CI − 3.0 to − 23.2), P = 0.012. The proportion of time spent above range was 16.2% (22.9); this was higher in those with a reduced hypercapnic range; difference 21.6% (31.4 to 12), P < 0.001. The proportion of time below range was 28.4% (25.2); there was no difference between target ranges. The proportion of time spent in range was higher for those in a high dependency area in the multivariate model; difference 15.5% (95% CI 2.3 to 28.7), P = 0.02.

Conclusions
Medical patients receiving oxygen in a ward setting spend significant periods of time with SpO2 both above and below the prescribed target range while receiving oxygen therapy.
Management of patients with pulmonary mycobacteriosis in France: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bemer Pascale , Peuchant Olivia , Guet-Revillet Hélène , Bador Julien , Balavoine Charlotte , Basille Damien , Beltramo Guillaume , Blanc François-Xavier , Blanchard Elodie , Boulanger Sarah , Bourgoin Anne , Boutoille David , Cambau Emmanuelle , Canis Frédérique , Caparros Didier , Carricajo Anne , Carrière Christian , Couetdic Gérard , Couturaud Francis , Dalphin Jean-Charles , Degot Tristan , Desquiens Marion , Devouassoux Gilles , Duez Jean-Marie , Dumitrescu Oana , Dupuy-Grasset Magali , Gaudart Alice , Georges Marjolaine , Godet Cendrine , Godreuil Sylvain , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Hamdad-Daoudi Farida , Héry-Arnaud Geneviève , Koebel Christelle , Lagrange Aurore , Lanotte Philippe , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Mougari Faïza , Murris Marlène , Patry Isabelle , Pérouse de Montclos Michèle , Raskine Laurent , Risso Karine , Segonds Christine , Sicard Dominique , Terru Dominique , Vachée Anne , Vergnon Jean-Michel , Martin Christian , Schramm Frédéric , Andrejak Claire 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent studies report very low adherence of practitioners to ATS/IDSA recommendations for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), as well as a great variability of practices. Type of management could impact prognosis.

Methods
To evaluate management and prognosis of patients with NTM-PD cases with respect to ATS recommendations, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study (18 sentinel sites distributed throughout France), over a period of six years. We collected clinical, radiological, microbiological characteristics, management and outcome of the patients (especially death or not).

Results
477 patients with NTM-PD were included. Respiratory comorbidities were found in 68% of cases, tuberculosis sequelae in 31.4% of patients, and immunosuppression in 16.8% of cases. The three most common NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (60%), M. xenopi (20%) and M. kansasii (5.7%). Smear-positive was found in one third of NTM-PD. Nodulobronchiectatic forms were observed in 54.3% of cases, and cavitary forms in 19.1% of patients. Sixty-three percent of patients were treated, 72.4% of patients with smear-positive samples, and 57.5% of patients with smear-negative samples. Treatment was in adequacy with ATS guidelines in 73.5%. The 2-year mortality was 14.4%. In the Cox regression, treatment (HR = 0.51), age (HR = 1.02), and M. abscessus (3.19) appeared as the 3 significant independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the adequacy between French practices and the ATS/IDSA guidelines. Treatment was associated with a better survival.
Oral health of patients suffering from end-stage solid organ insufficiency prior to solid organ re-transplantation: a retrospective case series study
Authors: Moest Tobias , Lutz Rainer , Jahn Arne Eric , Heller Katharina , Schiffer Mario , Adler Werner , Deschner James , Weber Manuel , Kesting Marco Rainer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The oral health of organ transplanted patients before organ re-transplantation is largely unknown. This retrospective clinical study evaluates the necessity for intraoral surgical intervention and/or conservative treatment in candidates awaiting organ re-transplantation, both for graft failure and for reasons of another upcoming solid organ transplantation (renal or non-renal).

Methods
From January 2015 to March 2020 n = 19 transplant recipients in evaluation on the waiting list for solid organ re-transplantation could be included in the retrospective case series study. Using clinical and radiological examinations, necessity for oral surgical or conservative dental treatment was evaluated. On the basis of anamnesis data, current kidney function, renal replacement treatment (RRT), and medication, a risk profile for several patient subgroups was created.

Results
The clinical and radiological examinations showed a conservative and/or surgical treatment need in n = 13 cases (68.42%). In n = 7 cases (36.84%) surgical intervention was recommended due to residual root remnants (n = 5), unclear mucosal changes (n = 1), and periimplantitis (n = 1). In n = 16 recipients (84.2%) RRT (n = 15 hemodialysis; n = 1 peritoneal dialysis) had been performed. N = 14 recipients (73.68%) received immunosuppressants. In n = 1 patient (5.3%) displayed intraoral and n = 4 patients (21.1%) extraoral neoplasms due to drug-induced immunosuppression.

Conclusions
Solid organ transplant recipients with renal failure present a complex treatment profile due to a double burden of uremia plus immunosuppressants. In cases of surgical treatment need a hospitalized setting is recommended, where potentially necessary follow-up care and close cooperation with disciplines of internal medicine is possible in order to avoid surgical and/or internal complications.
Women’s sexual scripting in the context of universal access to antiretroviral treatment—findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa
Authors: Viljoen Lario , Hoddinott Graeme , Malunga Samantha , Vanqa Nosivuyile , Mhlakwaphalwa Tembeka , Marthinus Arlene , Mcimeli Khanyisa , Bond Virginia , Seeley Janet , Bock Peter , Hayes Richard , Reynolds Lindsey ,   HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
HIV treatment-based prevention modalities present new opportunities for women to make decisions around sex, intimacy, and prevention. The Universal test and treat (UTT) strategy, where widespread HIV testing is implemented and all people with HIV can access treatment, has the potential to change how sex is understood and HIV prevention incorporated into sexual relationships. We use the frame of sexual scripting to explore how women attribute meaning to sex relative to UTT in an HIV prevention trial setting. Exploring women’s sexual narratives, we explored how HIV prevention feature in the sexual scripts for women who had access to UTT in South Africa (prior to treatment guideline changes) and increased HIV prevention messaging, compared to places without widespread access to HIV testing and immediate access to treatment.

Methods
We employed a two-phased thematic analysis to explore longitudinal qualitative data collected from 71 women (18–35 years old) between 2016 and 2018 as part of an HIV prevention trial in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Of the participants, 58/71 (82%) were from intervention communities while 13/71 (18%) lived in control communities without access to UTT. Twenty participants self-disclosed that they were living with HIV.

Results
We found no narrative differences between women who had access to UTT and those who did not. HIV and HIV prevention, including treatment-based prevention modalities, were largely absent from women’s thinking about sex. In their scripts, women idealised romantic sex, positioned sex as ‘about relationships’, and described risky sex as ‘other’. When women were confronted by HIV risk (for example, when a partner disclosed his HIV-positive status) this created a point of disjuncture between this new perception of risk and their accepted relationship scripts.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that HIV-negative women did not include their partners’ use of antiretroviral therapy in their sexual partnership choices. For these women, the preventive benefits of UTT are experienced passively—through community-wide viral suppression—rather than through their own behaviour change explicitly related to the availability of treatment as prevention. We propose that prevention-based modalities should be made available and supported and framed as an intervention to promote relationship well-being.