bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophilic C(sp2)−H Silylation by Supported Gold Catalysts
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Hirata Ryuji , Tomoya Toyomasu , Shishido Tetsuya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous gold‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H silylation is described. A variety of heteroarenes and electron‐rich arenes participated in gold‐catalyzed silylation to afford the corresponding heteroaryl and arylsilanes in good to excellent yields. A detailed mechanistic investigation corroborated that the cooperative catalysis of ether and O2‐activated gold nanoparticles realized heterolysis of the Si−H bond to generate silyl cations, which enabled subsequent electrophilic C−Si bond formation. The high activity, reusability and environmentally‐friendly nature of the heterogeneous gold catalysts as well as the scalability of the reaction system realize the sustainable synthesis of aryl and heteroarylsilanes.
Synergistic Copper and Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles
Authors: Shen Jia‐Huan , Tian Fei , Yang Wu‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe first asymmetric decarboxylative [3+2]‐cycloaddition of ethynyl indoloxazolidones with carboxylic acids has been developed under synergistic catalysis of copper and chiral Lewis base. This protocol provides a direct and modular approach to biologically important pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles bearing two vicinal stereogenic centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and >99% ee). In addition, the utility of this methodology was demonstrated by scaled‐up reaction and several synthetic transformations of the cycloadduct.
Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Pyrimidopteridine‐Based Organic Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Taeufer Tobias , Argüello Cordero Miguel A. , Petrosyan Andranik , Surkus Annette‐E. , Lochbrunner Stefan , Pospech Jola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein we describe the synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical characterization of pyrimidopteridine‐based photoredox catalysts. The pyrimidopteridines can be obtained from the corresponding N‐oxides through photo‐mediated oxygen atom transfer to a sacrificial acceptor molecule on gramscale. The presence of a triplet excited state was evidenced by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. Pyrimidopteridines are potent excited state oxidants with excited state reduction potentials exceeding +2.10 V vs. SCE in MeCN. The catalytic activity is illustrated in the photo‐mediated oxidative annulation of 2‐phenylbenzoic acid.
Syntheses of Triangular Gold Complexes and Their Applications in Hydroamination Reaction
Authors: Li Jia , Li Xujun , Sun Lei , Wang Xiaoshuang , Yuan Lixia , Wu Lingang , Liu Xiang , Wang Yanlan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTriangular all‐metal complexes have aroused our research interest due to their unique structural and properties. Herein, through the facile reduction of μ3‐oxo complex [μ3‐O(PPh3Au)3]+BF4− (1), we synthesized and isolated the triphenylphosphine stabilized triangular tri‐gold complex [(PPh3Au)3]+BF4− (2) for the first time (yield=90 %). Both complexes showed interesting photochemical sensitivity to temperatures and solvents. The cyclic voltammetry of these complexes showed one single oxidation process in CH3CN. These tri‐gold complexes (2 mol % based on the complex itself) were further applied in the catalytic hydroaminations for substituted phenylacetylenes with anilines and gave the corresponding imine products with great catalytic reactivity and regioselectivity without aiding any promoters or additives. When the loading of the tri‐gold complexes was decreased to 1.0 mol%, 95 % and 97 % of conversions were obtained using 1 and 2, respectively. When further decreased the catalyst loading to 0.5 mol% in preparative scale, 83 % and 80 % of isolated yields were achieved, respectively. This method presented great significance for the syntheses of a series of imine‐containing pharmaceutical intermediates even in preparative scale. Moreover, the investigations of catalytic mechanisms of this reaction indicated that these tri‐gold complexes played important roles as efficient pre‐catalysts in hydroaminations.
Involvement of P2Y signaling in the restoration of glucose‐induced insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells exposed to glucotoxicity
Authors: Mesto Nour , Bailbe Danielle , Eskandar Myriam , Pommier Gaëlle , Gil Stéphanie , Tolu Stefania , Movassat Jamileh , Tourrel‐Cuzin Cécile 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurinergic P2Y receptors, by binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are known for enhancing glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells. However, the impact of these receptors in the actin dynamics and insulin granule exocytosis in these cells is not established, neither in normal nor in glucotoxic environment. In this study, we investigate the involvement of P2Y receptors on the behavior of insulin granules and the subcortical actin network dynamics in INS‐1 832/13 β cells exposed to normal or glucotoxic environment and their role in GSIS. Our results show that the activation of P2Y purinergic receptors by ATP or its agonist increase the insulin granules exocytosis and the reorganization of the subcortical actin network and participate in the potentiation of GSIS. In addition, their activation in INS‐1832/13 β‐cells, with impaired insulin secretion following exposure to elevated glucose levels, restores GSIS competence through the distal steps of insulin exocytosis. These results are confirmed ex vivo by perifusion experiments on islets from type 2 diabetic (T2D) Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats. Indeed, the P2Y receptor agonist restores the altered GSIS, which is normally lost in this T2D animal model. Moreover, we observed an improvement of the glucose tolerance, following the acute intraperitoneal injection of the P2Y agonist concomitantly with glucose, in diabetic GK rats. All these data provide new insights into the unprecedented therapeutic role of P2Y purinergic receptors in the pathophysiology of T2D.
Determination of the composition and thickness of chromel and alumel thin films on different substrates by quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Lima de Oblitas Raissa , de Sá Teixeira Fernanda , Salvadori Maria Cecília 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThin films of two alloys (chromel and alumel), with thickness less than 100 nm, were obtained by plasma deposition technique, namely filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). The elemental analyses were performed by quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The applicability of EDS to such thin films as these was established by analysis of films deposited on substrates of different atomic numbers, specifically vitreous carbon, silicon, copper, and tin. We found that a substrate with atomic number similar to the mean atomic number of the film constituents is best for reliable EDS results, when compared to RBS. The compatibility between quantitative EDS measurements and RBS measurements, as well as comparison between the thin film elemental composition and the bulk material composition, was assessed by statistical analysis. Good consistency between EDS and RBS measurements was found for both chromel and alumel thin films when copper was used as substrate material. We observed severely overlapping peaks in the RBS output for the case of alumel films so that EDS analysis was crucial. We also compared thickness measurements determined by EDS and RBS, and we found good agreement for the case of alumel film on copper substrate, and 15% agreement for chromel film on copper substrate.
Physicochemical properties of the dissolved organic carbon can lead to different physiological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under neutral and acidic conditions
Authors: Sadauskas‐Henrique Helen , Smith D. Scott , Val Adalberto L. , Wood Chris M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the capacity of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) molecules to interact with biological membranes is associated with their aromaticity (SAC340); origin (allochthonous versus autochthonous, FI); molecular weight (Abs254/365); and relative fluorescence of DOC moieties (PARAFAC analysis). These interactions may be especially important when fish are challenged by acidic waters, which are known to inhibit the active uptake of Na+ and Cl‐, while stimulating diffusive ion losses in freshwater fishes. Therefore, zebrafish were acclimated (7 days, pH 7.0) to five natural DOC sources (10 mg C/L), two from the Amazon Basin and three from Canada, together with a “no‐added DOC” control. After the acclimation, fish were challenged by exposure to acidic water (pH 4.0) for 3 h. Osmoregulatory parameters were measured at pH 7.0 and 4.0. Acclimation to the five DOC sources did not disturb Na+, Cl‐ and ammonia net fluxes, but resulted in differential elevations in Na+, K+ATPase and v‐type H+ATPase activities in fish at pH 7.0. However, after transfer to pH.4.0, the control fish exhibited rapid increases in both enzymes. In contrast the DOC‐ acclimated animals exhibited unchanged (Na+, K+ATPase) or differentially increased (v‐type H+ATPase) activities. Na+, Cl‐ and ammonia net fluxes remained unchanged in the control fish, but were differentially elevated in most of the DOC treatments at pH 4.0, relative to the same DOC treatments at pH 7.0. Correlations between the osmoregulatory data the DOCs properties highlight that the DOC properties drive different effects on gill physiology.
Impact of SMS and peer navigation on retention in HIV care among adults in South Africa: results of a three‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Steward Wayne T , Agnew Emily , de Kadt Julia , Ratlhagana Mary Jane , Sumitani Jeri , Gilmore Hailey J , Grignon Jessica , Shade Starley B , Tumbo John , Barnhart Scott , Lippman Sheri A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionFew interventions have demonstrated improved retention in care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub‐Saharan Africa. We tested the efficacy of two personal support interventions – one using text messaging (SMS‐only) and the second pairing SMS with peer navigation (SMS+PN) – to improve HIV care retention over one year.MethodsIn a cluster randomized control trial (NCT# 02417233) in North West Province, South Africa, we randomized 17 government clinics to three conditions: SMS‐only (6), SMS+PN (7) or standard of care (SOC; 4). Participants at SMS‐only clinics received appointment reminders, biweekly healthy living messages and twice monthly SMS check‐ins. Participants at SMS+PN clinics received SMS appointment reminders and healthy living messages and spoke at least twice monthly with peer navigators (PLHIV receiving care) to address barriers to care. Outcomes were collected through biweekly clinical record extraction and surveys at baseline, six and 12 months. Retention in HIV care over one year was defined as clinic visits every three months for participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CD4 screening every six months for pre‐ART participants. We used generalized estimating equations, adjusting for clustering by clinic, to test for differences across conditions.ResultsBetween October 2014 and April 2015, we enrolled 752 adult clients recently diagnosed with HIV (SOC: 167; SMS‐only: 289; SMS+PN: 296). Individuals in the SMS+PN arm had approximately two more clinic visits over a year than those in other arms (p < 0.01) and were more likely to be retained in care over one year than those in SOC clinics (54% vs. 38%; OR: 1.77, CI: 1.02, 3.10). Differences between SMS+PN and SOC conditions remained significant when restricting analyses to the 628 participants on ART (61% vs. 45% retained; OR: 1.78, CI: 1.08, 2.93). The SMS‐only intervention did not improve retention relative to SOC (40% vs. 38%, OR: 1.12, CI: 0.63, 1.98).ConclusionsA combination of SMS appointment reminders with personalized, peer‐delivered support proved effective at enhancing retention in HIV care over one year. While some clients may only require appointment reminders, the SMS+PN approach offers increased flexibility and tailored, one‐on‐one support for patients struggling with more substantive challenges.
Preparative isolation of antioxidative gallic acid derivatives from Saxifraga tangutica using a class separation method based on medium‐pressure liquid chromatography and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Dang Jun , Wang Qi , Wang Qilan , Yuan Chen , Li Gang , Ji Tengfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSaxifraga tangutica is widely used as a medicinal herb to treat hepatic diseases. Here, we developed a class separation method to separate gallic acid derivatives 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from the methanol extract of Saxifraga tangutica. Firstly, an MCI GEL CHP20P medium‐pressure liquid chromatography was used to pretreat the crude extract from Saxifraga tangutica (500 g) and the target sample (fraction Fr1, 1.7 g) was obtained. Then, an online reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay was employed for recognizing potential 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors and six 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors fractions were recognized from fraction Fr1. Subsequently, the six 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors fractions were isolated via a ReproSil‐Pur C18 AQ preparative column. During the separation process, the hydrophilic liquid chromatography was used to enrich the target compounds (Fr1‐3‐1‐1 and Fr1‐3‐1‐2) from the fraction Fr1‐3, which were hardly isolated only by one step reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. Finally, six gallic acid derivatives were obtained and identified as gallic acid (Fr1‐1‐1), gallic acid 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (Fr1‐1‐2), protocatechuic acid (Fr1‐2), 4‐O‐galloyl‐(‐)‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐3‐1‐1), 5‐O‐galloyl‐(‐)‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐3‐1‐2), and 3‐O‐galloyl‐shikimic acid (Fr1‐4), respectively. Thus, the present study indicated that this method was highly efficient for the preparative separation of gallic acid derivatives 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from natural products.
Nutrient addition enhances carbon sequestration in soil but not plant biomass in a coastal shelter plantation in South China
Authors: Fan Yingxu , Wang Faming , Sayer Emma J. , Liu Zhanfeng , Mo Qifeng , Xu Xin , Li Yingwen , Zou Bi , Li Yongxing , Zhang Jingfan , Li Zhian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCasuarina equisetifolia plantations have been widely established along tropical and subtropical coasts, where they act as a windbreak to shelter coastal areas. These shelter plantations also fulfill another important ecosystem service by sequestering large amounts of carbon (C). However, shelter plantations are usually established on nutrient‐poor sand dunes, which may limit tree growth and therefore C sequestration rates. To assess whether fertilization increases the C sequestration of coastal shelter plantations, we conducted a fertilization experiment in a young C. equisetifolia plantation with four treatments: nitrogen addition (+N), phosphorus addition (+P), nitrogen and phosphorus addition (+NP), and controls (CK). We quantified nutrient availability and annual net ecosystem production (NEP) during the key early establishment phase. Fertilization with +N and +P significantly increased ammonium‐N and extractable P in the surface soils and the N and P concentrations of branches, respectively. Surprisingly, the mean growth rate of C. equisetifolia plantations (24.59 ± 0.66 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not affected by fertilization. The mean NEP was 6.18 ± 0.49 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, and there was no difference among fertilization treatments. However, soil organic C significantly increased by 41% and 36% with +N and +P, respectively, but not +NP. C. equisetifolia plantations can sequester large amounts of C in biomass on poor soils without the need for additional nutrients, although fertilization may enhance soil C storage. Considering the potential large planting area, we suggest that coastal C. equisetifolia shelter plantations could be an important nature‐based solution for climate change mitigation in coastal regions.
Effect of Substituents in Mussel‐inspired Surface Primers on their Oxidation and Priming Efficiency
Authors: Ganesh Karuppasamy , Jung Jaewon , Woo Park Jun , Kim Byeong‐Su , Seo Sungbaek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMarine mussels contain an abundant catechol moiety, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), in their interfacial foot proteins. DOPA contributes to both surface adhesion and bridging between the surface and overhead proteins (surface priming) by taking advantage of the unique redox properties of catechol. Inspired by the mussel surface priming mechanism, herein we synthesized a series of DOPA‐mimetic analogs – a bifunctional group molecule, consisting of a catechol group and an acrylic group at the opposite ends. The surface primers with differently substituted (−COOH, −CH3) alkyl chains in the middle spacer were synthesized. Time‐dependent oxidation and redox potentials of the surface primers were studied in an oxidizing environment to gain a better understanding of the mussel‘s redox chemistry. The thickness and degree of priming of the surface primers on silicon‐based substrates were analyzed by ellipsometry and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The post‐reactivity of the acrylic groups of the primed layer was first visualized through a reaction with an acrylic group‐reactive dye.
A cultural ecosystem service perspective on the interactions between humans and soils in gardens
Authors: Teuber Sandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Gardens are culturally shaped environments in which natural processes can be experienced. Thus, they offer insights into the relation people have with these processes and the biophysical domain. This includes soils and plants, as these are the natural materials gardeners work with regularly.

A cultural ecosystem service (CES) perspective might help to understand interactions between the gardeners and the environment, for example, soils. This could provide insights for scientists, public stakeholders and non‐governmental organizations to raise awareness for ecosystem services (ES) of soils.

Understanding how gardens are created and used, requires studies from the natural sciences but also from the humanities and social sciences. The natural sciences provide insights into soil properties, biodiversity, plant requirements and the water cycle, while the humanities and social sciences are needed to understand identity formation, social and cultural practices, belief systems and psychological aspects connected to gardening.

Inter‐ and transdisciplinary research can then inform scientists, gardeners, policy makers and educators as well as the general public about CES. This can be used to develop educational programs and measures to protect these valuable CES as well as the general ES of gardens and soils.
Cancer care for people with mental disorders: A qualitative survey among cancer care and psychiatric care professionals in Japan
Authors: Etoh Tsuyoshi , Fujiwara Masaki , Yamada Yuto , Wada Riho , Higuchi Yuji , Inoue Shinichiro , Kodama Masafumi , Matsushita Takanori , Yoshimura Yusaku , Horii Shigeo , Fujimori Maiko , Kakeda Kyoko , Shimazu Taichi , Nakaya Naoki , Tabata Masahiro , Uchitomi Yosuke , Yamada Norihito , Inagaki Masatoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt is widely assumed that there are multiple levels (from individual to policy level) of problems involving disparities in cancer care for people with mental disorders. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated issues as perceived by medical professionals. The purpose of the present study was to identify a wide range of issues in cancer care for people with mental disorders and offer corresponding solutions for both cancer care professionals and psychiatric care professionals.MethodsWe distributed open‐ended questionnaires to 754 healthcare professionals in various medical facilities, including designated cancer hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and other local healthcare/welfare facilities. Participants were asked to describe issues in cancer care for people with mental disorders.ResultsOf the 754 recruited professionals, 439 (58.2%) responded to the questionnaire. Sixty‐one issues were extracted and categorized into 10 categories: patient factors; isolation and lack of support; obstacles to transport; socioeconomic factors; attitudes of psychiatric professionals; medical system of psychiatric hospitals; attitudes of cancer care professionals; medical system of designated cancer hospitals; regional cancer medical systems; and lack of coordination among multidisciplinary healthcare professionals. Forty‐eight specific solutions were summarized into 12 goals.ConclusionsThe present study widely identified issues causing disparities in cancer care for patients with mental disorders. We found that the issues extended from the patient level to the public‐policy level. Our findings suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach that includes both cancer and psychiatric care professionals to address the gap in cancer care for people with mental disorders.
5.4: The Effects of 0.01% Atropine on Adult Myopes' Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Cheng Ziyun , Mei Jianhui , Cao Suqi , Zhang Ran , Zhou Jiawei , Wang Yuwen 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Atropine at a low concentration is considered a safe and effective treatment to mitigate myopia progression. However, the potential unwanted side effects of administering atropine at a low dose on visual functions other than best corrected visual acuity has not been investigated. In this study, we investigate the short‐term (12, 16, and 20 h) and long‐term (1, 2, and 4 weeks) effects of 0.01% atropine (i.e., 0.1 mg/ml) on contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with myopia.Methods: Thirty adults (23.33 ± 2.93 years old) with myopia between −1.00 and −6.00 diopters (D), astigmatism of −1.50 D or less, and anisometropia of 1.00 D or less, participated in this prospective, masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized study. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 0.01% atropine or polyvinyl alcohol eye drops once nightly to both eyes for four weeks. CS was measured binocularly at baseline and 12, 16, 20 h, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the first use of the eye drops.Results: There was no statistically significant differences of CS found between atropine and placebo‐controlled groups in both short‐term and long‐term. There was no statistically significant interaction effect found between the time and group.Conclusion: We demonstrated no significant deleterious effect of 0.01% atropine on adult myopes' CS.