bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred white balance for applications using virtual backgrounds
Authors: Anku Anku , Farnand Susan P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnder the current COVID‐19 global pandemic, most of the world is operating online, which has increased the importance of better understanding the perceived color quality of video conference calls. We performed two experiments to evaluate the white balance appearance preference for images simulating a scene from a video conference call where a person is using a virtual background. Due to the dissimilarities of the light sources used for the subject and the background scene, the overall picture may look aesthetically unappealing. The first experiment was designed to assess the preference of white balance for images containing a foreground subject, with three different skin tones: light, medium, and dark, and a background scene, with five different color temperature appearances, cool to warm. The background scenes include famous attractions in the United States, water bodies, foliage, and a few less common scenes like a sculpture at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and a ColorChecker. Observers were presented with a pair of images of the same subject with same background scene, but with different white balance appearance. These comparisons were performed for each foreground subject with all background scenes. Both experiments were performed by naïve observers, who were from around the globe with no knowledge of color science and observers from the Munsell Color Science Lab (MCSL) at the RIT. The results show that observers' preference increases as we go from cooler to warmer appearance for the Canyon, RIT, Snow, Flower, and Autumn backgrounds, and vice versa for the Lake background. The Golden Gate background results are the most scattered among all scenes with very small differences in their scale values. MCSL observers show a strong agreement in preference to warmer appearance for light and dark skin tones for the RIT scene, and neutral and warmer appearance for medium skin tone for the RIT and Golden Gate scenes, respectively. To understand the relation between the background scene and foreground subject's white balance appearance, a second experiment was performed. The subjects had three different appearances: cool, neutral, and warm. Based on the results of the first experiment, five scenes with two white balance appearances, the most preferred rendition and the neutral rendition (original appearance at the time of the scene was captured), were used for the second paired comparison study. The results indicated that preference varied based on the foreground subject skin tone and background scene. However, the background preferences follow similar trends to the first experiment. There were variations in the degree of agreement, some showed very strong agreement, like dark skin tone with the RIT background, whereas for others, like autumn background with light skin tone, preferences were more scattered. Overall, the differences in the scale values were smaller as compared to the first experiment, which indicates that, as we present the observers with more options, the decision became harder.
Maternal mindfulness during pregnancy predicts newborn neurobehavior
Authors: Ostlund Brendan D. , Olavson Kristen , Brown Mindy A. , Shakiba Nila , Saenz Celine , Crowell Sheila E. , Conradt Elisabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNewborn neurobehavioral competencies portend a young child's abilities to modulate their arousal and attention in response to dynamic environmental cues. Although evidence suggests prenatal contributions to newborn neurobehavioral differences, no study to date has examined wellness‐promoting traits, such as a pregnant woman's mindfulness, in this association. We examined whether a mother's mindfulness while pregnant related to neurobehavioral outcomes in her neonate, as well as whether maternal mindfulness moderated the link between prenatal maternal emotion dysregulation and newborn neurobehavior. Mothers (N = 162) reported on their mindfulness and emotion dysregulation while pregnant. Newborn arousal and attention were assessed at least 24 h after birth (M = 3.8 days, SD = 8.3) using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). Highly mindful pregnant women reported lower levels of emotion dysregulation. Newborns of highly mindful mothers exhibited higher levels of arousal (e.g., excitability, motor activity) but did not differ in regards to attention at birth. Maternal emotion dysregulation while pregnant was associated with blunted newborn attention, but only among mothers who were less mindful. Our findings suggest that a mother's mindfulness while pregnant may influence her fetus’ neurobehavioral development in ways that are evident at birth.
Neonatal resource scarcity alters maternal care and impacts offspring core temperature and growth in rats
Authors: Shupe Elizabeth A. , Clinton Sarah M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStressful experiences during childhood, including poverty and inconsistent parental care, can enhance vulnerability for worsened physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Using Sprague Dawley rats, the present study explored the impact of limited resource availability on maternal behavior and physiological and emotional behavior outcomes in the offspring. Early life adversity was induced by incorporating aspects of the limited bedding and nesting and scarcity models, wherein limited resource availability has previously been shown to provoke unpredictable or adverse maternal care respectively. In our hands, neonatal limited bedding (NLB) stress during postnatal days (P)2–9 altered maternal care, augmenting pup‐directed behaviors and reducing self‐directed behaviors, and modestly increased the frequency of transitions between discrete behaviors across consecutive timed observations. NLB‐exposed pups had lower core body temperatures immediately following the stressful manipulation and exhibited decreased body weight gain across development. However, NLB exposure did not impact adult offspring's social or emotional behavior outcomes in the three‐chamber social interaction, novelty‐suppressed feeding, splash, or forced swim tests. These findings add to the literature demonstrating that early life adversity impacts maternal care in rodents and can disrupt certain metabolic and thermoregulatory outcomes in the offspring.
Obesity, venous capacitance, and venous compliance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sorimachi Hidemi , Burkhoff Daniel , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Omote Kazunori , Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Takahashi Naoki , Sunagawa Kenji , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsCirculating blood volume is functionally divided between the unstressed volume, which fills the vascular space, and stressed blood volume (SBV), which generates vascular wall tension and intravascular pressure. With decreases in venous capacitance, blood functionally shifts to the SBV, increasing central venous pressure and pulmonary venous pressures. Obesity is associated with both elevated venous pressure and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). To explore the mechanisms underlying this association, we evaluated relationships between blood volume distribution, venous compliance, and body mass in patients with and without HFpEF.Methods and resultsSubjects with HFpEF (n = 62) and non‐cardiac dyspnoea (NCD) (n = 79) underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing with echocardiography. SBV was estimated (eSBV) from measured haemodynamic variables fit to a comprehensive cardiovascular model. Compared to NCD, patients with HFpEF displayed a leftward‐shifted central venous pressure–dimension relationship, indicating reduced venous compliance. eSBV was 81% higher at rest and 69% higher during exercise in HFpEF than NCD (both P < 0.0001), indicating reduced venous capacitance. Despite greater augmented eSBV with exercise, the increase in cardiac output was reduced in HFpEF, suggesting operation on the plateau of the Starling curve. Exercise eSBV was directly correlated with higher body mass index (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001) and inversely correlated with right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling (r = −0.57, all P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with HFpEF display reductions in systemic venous compliance and increased eSBV related to reduced venous capacitance, abnormalities in right ventricular–pulmonary artery interaction, and increased body fat. These data provide new evidence supporting an important role of venous dysfunction in obesity‐related HFpEF and suggest that therapies that improve venous function may hold promise to improve clinical status in this cohort.
Hydrological modelling for assessing spatio‐temporal groundwater recharge variations in the water‐stressed Amathole Water Supply System, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Nolte Annika , Eley Malte , Schöniger Matthias , Gwapedza David , Tanner Jane , Mantel Sukhmani Kaur , Scheihing Konstantin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo increase the resilience of regional water supply systems in South Africa in the face of anticipated climatic changes and a constant increase in water demand, water supply sources require diversification. Many water‐stressed metropolitan regions in South Africa depend largely on surface water to cover their water demand. While climatic and river discharge data is widely available in these regions, information on groundwater resources – which could support supply source diversification – is scarce. Groundwater recharge is a key parameter that is used to estimate groundwater amounts that can be sustainably exploited at a sub‐watershed level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a reliable hydrological modelling routine that enables the assessment of regional spatio‐temporal variations of groundwater recharge to discern the most promising areas for groundwater development. Accordingly, we present a semi‐distributed hydrological modelling approach that incorporates water balance routines coupled with baseflow modelling techniques to yield spatio‐temporal variations of groundwater recharge on a regional level. The approach is demonstrated for the actively managed catchment areas of the Amathole Water Supply System situated in a semi‐arid part of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. In the investigated study area, annual groundwater recharge exhibits a high spatio‐temporal heterogeneity and is estimated to vary between ~0.5% and 8% of annual rainfall. Despite some uncertainties induced by limited data availability, calibration and validation of the model were found to be satisfactory and yielded model results similar to (point) data of annual groundwater recharge reported in earlier studies. Our approach is therefore found to derive crucial information for efficiently targeting more detailed groundwater exploration studies and could work as a blueprint for orientating groundwater potential exploration in similar environments.
Cover Image, Volume 96, Issue 7
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Hiratani Tomoyuki , Kotake Fumiya , Otsuka Osamu , Yamashita Mitsuo 
Published: June 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Purification and recycling of selenium in wastewater using polyacrylamide capsule containing selenate‐reducing bacterium by Naofumi Naga et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6730.
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The catalytic decomposition of carbon dioxide on zinc‐exchanged Y‐zeolite at low temperatures
Authors: Bajaj Nardev Kumar , Periasamy Selvakannan , Singh Ranjeet , Tachibana Yasuhiro , Daeneke Torben , Chiang Ken 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe report our recent study on the use of a zinc‐modified NaY zeolite to decompose CO2 at a temperature range between 300 and 550 °C.RESULTSAt a reaction temperature of 450 °C, we observed that 70% of CO2 was converted with an insignificant quantity of CO produced. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the neat and spent catalysts confirmed the presence of carbon nanostructures after the reaction. In addition to this, CHN analysis supports these results by providing weight percent (0.73 wt%) of carbon after reaction. Stability of the catalyst was further confirmed with slight/no change in X‐ray diffraction technique.CONCLUSIONThis route potentially offers a facile strategy to achieve CO2 decomposition and an explanation of the formation of carbon on zinc‐modified zeolite catalysts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The reported formation of 5H‐dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin‐11(10H)‐ones in the noncatalyzed, base‐promoted double arylation of anthranilamide revisited. Correction of some product structures
Authors: Wróbel Zbigniew , Wilk Bogdan , Cmoch Piotr , Kwast Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe base‐promoted reaction of 2‐halonitro‐ or 1,2‐dihalobenzenes with anthranilamide reported by Cao, Ma et al. (Synthesis 2013, 45, 111) was reinvestigated. Some of the products reported, which have been identified as dibenzodiazepinones, are actually benzoxazole derivatives. In this paper, the correct structures of these products were established and confirmed by independent synthesis. For four other products, the supposed structures were found to be incompatible with the dibenzodiazepinones that were synthesized by the reliable method used in this work.
Evaluation of Weighted Diffusion Subtraction for Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sato Toshiyuki , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Fujimoto Koji , Furuta Akihiro , Fujimoto Masakazu , Ito Katsuhiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is an important method for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) diagnosis; however, the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) requires the subjective assessment of “markedly hypointense or not” on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. We hypothesize that weighted diffusion subtraction (WDS) images, created by weighted subtraction of high and low b‐value DWIs, might better show areas of ADC values below a set threshold, thus decreasing the subjectivity of the assessment.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic ability of WDS for csPCa by comparing scores based on WDS images (DWI/WDS) with those based on PI‐RADS DWI (DWI/ADC).Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEighty‐six PCa patients.Field Strength/Sequences3.0 T; DWI.AssessmentFour readers assessed the probability of csPCa in lesions (overall, in the peripheral zone [PZ] and transitional zone [TZ]) using 5‐point DWI/ADC and DWI/WDS scores. Prostatectomy specimens were the reference standard. ADC values and contrast between csPCa and normal prostate tissue on ADC maps and WDS images were calculated with reference to the pathological map.Statistical TestsDiagnostic ability was evaluated by Jackknife alternative free‐response receiver‐operating characteristic curve. Figure of merit (FOM), sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) between the DWI/ADC and DWI/WDS scores were compared using paired t‐test. Inter‐reader agreement was analyzed using κ statistics, and the significance probability was calculated using the Z statistic. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare contrast between csPCa and normal prostate tissue on ADC maps and WDS images. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFOM and sensitivity of the DWI/WDS scores were significantly better than those of the DWI/ADC scores overall, in the PZ and TZ (FOM: overall, 0.715 vs. 0.783; PZ, 0.756 vs. 0.815; TZ, 0.653 vs. 0.738. Sensitivity: overall, 0.512 vs. 0.607; PZ, 0.485 vs. 0.573; TZ, 0.636 vs. 0.761). For PPV, a statistically significant difference was observed overall (0.727 vs. 0.777). The κ value of DWI/WDS score was significantly higher than that of DWI/ADC score overall and in the PZ (overall, 0.614 vs. 0.792; PZ, 0.609 vs. 0.797). Contrast was significantly higher overall in the PZ and TZ in WDS images (median, 1.26, 1.19, and 1.61) than in ADC maps (0.46, 0.47, and 0.41).Data ConclusionWDS images performed better than ADC maps in the diagnosis of csPCa and in inter‐reader agreement of the diagnosis.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy Stage: 2
Economic burden of periodontitis in the United States and Europe: An updated estimation
Authors: Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Leira Yago , Proença Luís , Chambrone Leandro , Mendes José João 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect economic burdens of periodontal disease in the US and in Europe.MethodsWe used the most recent data available for the US and for Europe (32 European countries) to estimate the cost of periodontal disease. Global health, dental and periodontal expenditures were estimated. We tried to estimate the direct and the indirect costs of periodontitis. Indirect costs, those related to productivity losses, are a consequence of periodontal disease proper, plus edentulism and caries because of periodontal disease.ResultsIn 2018, the aggregate cost in the US was estimated at $3.49B and €2.52B in Europe. Indirect costs because of periodontal disease amounted to $150.57B (95% confidence interval [CI]: 103.32‐189.87) in the US countries and €156.12B (95% CI: 123.72‐221.86) in Europe. The majority of the projected indirect costs were because of edentulism related to periodontal disease and periodontal disease. Indirect costs were the majority of the estimated economic impact with an average of 0.73% (95% CI: 0.50%‐0.93%) of annual gross domestic product in the US and 0.99% (95% CI: 0.78%‐1.40%) in Europe.ConclusionsPeriodontal disease caused an estimated loss of $154.06B in the US and €158.64B in Europe, in 2018. These results show that the economic burden of periodontal disease is significant and its indirect costs are impactful.
Improved CsPbBr3 visible light photodetectors via decoration of sputtered au nanoparticles with synergistic benefits
Authors: Yuan Youwen , Chen Mingming , Yang Shuaiheng , Shen Xuemin , Liu Yuan , Cao Dawei , Xing Guichuan , Tang Zikang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOwing to the intense carrier recombination and limited optical absorption, the as‐fabricated CsPbBr3 visible light photodetectors (PDs) are far from practical application. In this work, we have demonstrated performance‐improved metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structured CsPbBr3 visible light PDs realized by the decoration of sputtered Au nanoparticles (NPs). It showed that the Au NPs on the CsPbBr3 exhibited synergistic benefits including improving the photogenerated charge carriers’ lifetime and enhancing the optical absorption of the CsPbBr3, both of which are fundamental factors for the performance‐improved PDs. Electrical characterizations showed that localized Schottky junctions formed at the Au NPs/CsPbBr3 interface. In addition, optical investigations showed that effective resonant coupling occurred between the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of Au NPs and excitons in the CsPbBr3. As a result, the on‐off switching of the Au‐decorated CsPbBr3 photodetector increased by 13 times compared with that of the pristine one. Meanwhile, the peak photo sensitivity of the CsPbBr3 photodetector was increased from 0.088 to 0.61 A W‐1 after the decoration of Au NPs. It is believed that the results shown in this work will provide pathways for fabricating high‐performance CsPbBr3 PDs and other similar devices in the future.
Retracted:Running‐related injuries in middle school cross‐country runners: Prevalence and characteristics of common injuries
Authors: Wu Alexander C. , Rauh Mitchell J. , DeLuca Stephanie , Lewis Margo , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Barrack Michelle T. , Heiderscheit Bryan , Krabak Brian J. , Roberts William O. , Tenforde Adam S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the prevalence and factors associated with running‐related injuries in middle school runners may guide injury prevention.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of running‐related injuries and describe factors related to a history of injury.DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.SettingSurvey distributed online to middle school runners.MethodsParticipants completed a web‐based survey regarding prior running‐related injuries, training, sleep, diet, and sport participation.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrevalence and characteristics differentiating girls and boys with and without running‐related injury history adjusted for age.ParticipantsYouth runners (total: 2113, average age,  13.2 years; boys:n = 1255, girls:n = 858).ResultsRunning‐related injuries were more prevalent in girls (56% vs. 50%,p = .01). Ankle sprain was the most common injury (girls: 22.5%, boys: 21.6%), followed by patellofemoral pain (20.4% vs. 7.8%) and shin splints (13.6% vs. 5.9%); both were more prevalent in girls (p < .001). Boys more frequently reported plantar fasciitis (5.6% vs. 3.3%,p = .01), iliotibial band syndrome (4.1% vs. 1.4%,p = .001) and Osgood‐Schlatter disease (3.8% vs. 1.2%,p = .001). Runners with history of running‐related injuries were older, ran greater average weekly mileage, ran faster, had fewer average hours of sleep on weekends, skipped more meals, missed breakfast, and consumed less milk (allp < .05). Girls with history of running‐related injuries reported higher dietary restraint scores, later age of menarche, more menstrual cycle disturbances, and higher likelihood of following vegetarian diets and an eating disorder diagnosis (allp < .05). Runners with no history of running‐related injuries were more likely to have participated in ≥2 years of soccer or basketball (p < .001).ConclusionsMost middle school runners reported a history of running‐related injuries and certain injuries differing by gender. Modifiable factors with the greatest association with running‐related injuries included training volume, dietary restraint, skipping meals, and less sleep. Sport sampling, including participation in ball sports, may reduce running‐related injury risk in this population.
Relationship between hydraulic properties and material features in a heterogeneous vadose zone of a vulnerable limestone aquifer
Authors: Aldana Carlos , Isch Arnaud , Bruand Ary , Azaroual Mohamed , Coquet Yves 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimestone aquifers constitute important drinking water resources but are vulnerable to groundwater contaminations. They are also known to be often heterogeneous. However, the hydraulic properties of their entire vadose zone and the relationship of these hydraulic properties with their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics remain rarely studied. The hydraulic properties of soft (soil, powdery limestone, and calcareous sand) and hard (limestone rock) materials sampled throughout the entire vadose zone profile of the Beauce limestone aquifer (France) were determined with the multistep outflow method applied using a triaxial system. Physical, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis brought valuable information about factors contributing to the heterogeneity of the hydraulic properties and helped understanding water flow pathways within the vadose zone. The hydraulic properties of the soft materials were strongly related to their physical properties but also to the proportion and the nature of clay minerals. The massive rock presented a few thin microfissures where calcite was replaced by phyllosilicates, thus increasing its water retention capacity. The low hydraulic conductivity of the massive rock could explain the occurrence of perched water tables in the vadose zone. The weathered rock displayed fissures and vugs and was also characterized by the presence of phyllosilicates. The development of a secondary porosity and footprints of water–rock interactions and mass transfers highlighted the transformation of the limestone rock into a more permeable material. This study also pointed out the need to characterize the impact of natural fractures observed at the core scale on the preferential water flow at the field scale.