bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Studies of Somatic and Ongoing Mutations in Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Variable Region Genes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas of the Stomach and the Small Intestine
Authors: Go Jai Hyang , Kim Dae Shick , Kim Tae Jin , Ko Young H. , Ra Hyun Ki , Rhee Jong Chul , Kim Seon Woo , Ree Howe J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Many diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) of the stomach are believed to represent high-grade transformation of low-grade marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, which is of memory B-cell origin, displaying evidence for positive antigen selection and a low level of ongoing somatic mutation of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes. The pattern of somatic mutation has been studied little in intestinal DLBCLs.
Objective.—To assess evidence for antigen selection and the levels of ongoing mutation, we analyzed the ratio of replacement to silent mutations, as well as the frequency of intraclonal sequence variation in gastric and small intestinal DLBCLs that showed no concomitant low-grade component.
Design.—Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin blocks of gastric (n = 6) and small intestinal (n = 6) DLBCLs. The complementarity-determining region 2 and framework region 3 sequences (&lt;200 base pairs) of the rearranged immunoglobulin VH gene were obtained from polymerase chain reaction–amplified product, and the ratio of replacement-to-silent mutations and the frequency of intraclonal sequence variation were determined.
Results.—Clustering of replacement mutations in complementarity-determining region 2 with a high (&gt;2.9) ratio of replacement-to-silent mutations was observed in 5 gastric DLBCLs, whereas it was recognized in only 1 intestinal DLBCL. Intraclonal sequence variation was observed in 6 intestinal and 5 gastric DLBCLs. The frequency of ongoing mutation was much higher in the intestinal (median, 0.33%) than in the gastric DLBCLs (median, 0.13%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .09).
Conclusions.—The mutation pattern was consistent with positive antigen selection in gastric DLBCLs, but not in the intestinal tumors. Ongoing mutation was much more frequent in the intestinal than in the gastric DLBCLs. These findings suggest that positive antigen selection plays a major role in a significant proportion of gastric tumors, whereas germinal center reaction with aberrant mutation is important in small intestinal DLBCLs.
Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health
Authors: Schiffman Mark , Castle Philip E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.
Laboratory Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Testing
Authors: Bolick David R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human papillomavirus testing is becoming an integral component of cervical cancer screening. Market forces will require most laboratories that perform Papanicolaou tests to develop a system for handling human papillomavirus testing also. Data and information are presented that may facilitate laboratories when addressing the following issues in the process of developing a human papillomavirus testing service: Which methodology is the best fit for the laboratory? Is it better to develop an in-house testing service or to send it out? How do I get started? What are the financial and economic issues, and how should they be managed?
Propionic Acidemia: A Neuropathology Case Report and Review of Prior Cases
Authors: Feliz Brady , Witt David R. , Harris Brent T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPropionic acidemia is a disorder of branch-chain amino acid and odd-chain fatty acid metabolism. The clinical features typically begin shortly after birth, with rare cases presenting in young adulthood. This disorder most commonly is characterized by episodic decompensations with dehydration, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting as well as a risk for neurologic sequelae. The defect is in the propionyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme with a resultant accumulation of toxic organic acid metabolites. Neuropathologic findings in this inborn error of metabolism have not been extensively characterized but include white matter spongiosis in neonates and a variable appearance in older children. We describe the pertinent literature on the neuropathology of propionic acidemia and a case report of a 4-year-old girl who had widespread gray matter vacuolization at postmortem examination. Although a previously unreported finding in propionic acidemia, diffuse gray matter vacuolization has been described in other fatty acid metabolic disorders.
Corticomedullary Mixed Tumor of the Adrenal Gland With Concurrent Adrenal Myelolipoma
Authors: Chu Albert Y. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Fraker Douglas L. , Zhang Paul J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a corticomedullary mixed tumor of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman with a left adrenal mass who presented with mild symptoms of Cushing syndrome and an elevated urinary cortisol level. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy. A well-circumscribed 2.5-cm mass, composed of an admixture of adrenal cortical cells and pheochromocytes, and an incidental 0.7-cm myelolipoma were present in the resected left adrenal gland. The diagnosis of adrenal corticomedullary mixed tumor was confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the eighth well-documented report of this rare tumor.
Neonatal Williams Syndrome Presenting as an Isolated Supravalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: di Gioia Cira R. T. , Ciallella Costantino , d'Amati Giulia , Parroni Eleonora , Nardone Anna Maria , Gallo Pietro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An infant with normal facies and none of the extracardiac anomalies usually associated with Williams syndrome presented at birth with an echocardiographic pattern of supravalvular pulmonary stenosis and displastic pulmonary valve. A clinical reappraisal was planned at 3 months of age, but the girl died suddenly at home at 2 months of age. At autopsy, both ventricles were hypertrophic, and the valves showed mild dysplasia. The walls of the great arteries were thick, with a “washed leather” consistency, but there was no gross evidence of discrete stenosis. The histologic mosaic appearance of the media of the great arteries, due to elastosis and extreme disarray of the elastic lamellae, prompted a postmortem diagnosis of supravalvar aortic stenosis and suggested a diagnosis of Williams syndrome, which was subsequently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Pediatricians and pathologists should be alerted that Williams syndrome in the newborn may present as an isolated supravalvular pulmonary stenosis, whereas supravalvular aortic stenosis becomes clinically significant only a few months later.
Restorative and Transformative Justice Responses to Sexual Violence
Authors: Todic Jelena , Christensen M. Candace , McMahon Sheila M. 
Published: February 2021

Background: #MeToo movement raised the profiles of restorative justice (RJ) and transformative justice (TJ) in the United States (US) as approaches to repairing harm resulting from sexual violence that center survivors’ needs and emphasize meaningful accountability for persons responsible for harm. This focus on RJ and TJ as viable approaches to sexual violence represents a departure from carceral interventions, which has dominated the US public discourse for decades. Given the shift, mapping the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research. This scoping review aims to map the available literature to provide an overview of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence.
Methods/Design: The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joana Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews (Peters, Godfrey-Smith, & Mcinerney, 2017). The concept of interest is the use of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence. This scoping review will include both peer-reviewed and grey literature. We will employ a standardized extraction form and represent the data using a descriptive summary, charts and tables that align with the stated objectives.
Discussion: Since the #MeToo movement emerged in 2017, public interest in RJ and TJ as meaningful responses to sexual violence has grown. This comprehensive scoping review will systematically organize the literature in order to understand the current landscape of evidence related to these approaches. Given the transformative potential of these interventions, past controversies, and current public interest in the approaches, understanding the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research.
Morphometric Relationships in the Blue Swimming Crabs, (Portunus pelagicus) (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Palk Bay, Sri Lanka
Authors: Haputhantri S. S. K. , Weerasekera S. J. W. W. M. M. P. , Bandaranayake K. H. K. 
Published: February 2021

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has become the focus of an important export-oriented fishery in Sri Lanka for a decade. The Palk Bay in the Northern coastal waters of Sri Lanka is one of the best-known fishing grounds for blue swimming crabs in Sri Lanka. This study was undertaken with the aim of establishing some morphometric relationships for P. pelagicus in the Palk Bay.
Biological sampling was conducted for five consecutive days per month from November 2014 - October 2015 in the Northern landing sites in the Jaffna District where the catch of Palk Bay blue swimming crab fishery was landed. P. pelagicus specimens were also randomly collected for laboratory analysis. The morphometric measurements of the specimens for the following parameters were undertaken: CW - carapace width with the spine, CWW - carapace width without spine, MW – mouth width, TL - total length, LCPL - left chelar propodus length, LMOV - left movable part Length, RMOV - right movable part length, LCPH - left chelar propodus height, RCPH - right chelar propodus height, ABW - abdominal width, ABL - abdominal length and BW - body weight. The least squared method was used to obtain the Length-Length (L-L) and Length-Weight (L-W) relationships.
Of the 65 L-L relationships obtained for P. pelagicus from the study, 34 relationships were correlated (r2>0.5). The estimated relationships between BW and CW for males and females were BW=0.0001 CW 3.01 (r2 =0.84) and BW= 0.0001 CW 2.90 (r2 =0.86), respectively.
Positive allometric growth was observed for male P. pelagicus, whereas a negative allometric growth was observed for female P. pelagicus. Most of the morphometric relationships of P. pelagicus obtained in this study were not isometric.
Microbiological Evaluation of Laboratory Prepared Suya and Vendor Samples in Ilaro, Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Aduke Noah, Abimbola 
Published: February 2021

Aims: Suya is a popular spicy roasted meat product in Nigeria. The aim of the work is to investigate the microbial safety and effect of Lactobacillus species on some pathogens when used as a biopreservative on suya.
Methodology: Five suya group samples were used. Two samples were prepared in the laboratory, one of them was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum while the other was un-inoculated. Three other group samples coded C, D and E were bought from different vendors at different locations in Ilaro. All the samples were subjected to microbial analysis using standard method.
Results: The result of microbiological analysis shows that significant difference exist in all the samples. Total viable counts of the samples ranged from 16.0 ±2.5 x 103 cfu/g to 50.0 ±1.5 x 103 cfu/g, coliform counts ranged from 8.0±3 x 103 cfu/g to 44 ±3.0 x 103 cfu/g, Staphylococcus counts ranged from 10.0 ± 2.0 x 103 cfu/g to 45.5 ±3.5 x 103 cfu/g, and fungi counts ranged from 10.0 ± 2.5 x 103 cfu/g to 34.02 ±4.0 x 103 cfu/g, while Salmonella had no growth. The prepared samples harbored Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Four bacteria and three fungi species were isolated from vendor suya meat. The isolates were Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp., while the fungi were Rhizopus spp, Penicillium spp. and Saccharomyces spp.
Conclusion: The sample inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum had the lowest microbial count; however, the isolation of potential pathogens from suya samples is of public health significance.
High Specific C-Reactive Protein in Prediction of the Early Outcome of Primary Intra Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Eltoukhy Khaled , Gomaa Mohamed , Ibrahim Yasmin , Saad Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Background: Primary intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has high rate of disability and death. Many factors was supposed to be predictors of the outcome. The significance of measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels to predict the outcome is uncertain, and data have been controversial. The objective of our clinical study was to determine the relationship of hs-CRP levels with bad outcome. The authors tested if (independent of confounding factors) hs-CRP levels was elevated on admission (< 24 hours after ictus). Fifty patients with acute spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke, within 24 hours of onset confirmed by CT brain were admitted at neurology department, Mansoura University Hospital from June 2017 to September 2018. Age and sex cross-matched 50 healthy persons were studied as control group. Patient and control groups were subjected to full history, general and neurological examination, GCS on admission, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission, ICH score and Canadian scale on admission and after 30 days, Venous Blood samples were taken within 24 hours of onset and tested for routine laboratory investigations (liver function, serum creatinine, CBC and blood glucose) and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein level using Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit. Computed tomography (CT) brain was repeated 72 hours later. Multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate associations of hs-CRP concentration and ICH outcome. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for survival.
Results: This study revealed that Hs-CRP is significantly higher in patient group (9.3 mg/l) when compared to control group (0.68 mg/dl) with p value < 0,001. There was statistically significant correlation between NIHSS and hs-CRP levels but there was no statistically significant correlation between hs-CRP levels and stroke outcome.
Conclusion: Taking these covariates into multivariable analysis revealed that there is correlation between hs-CRP and hemorrhagic stroke but it cannot be used as a predictor of its outcome.
Deep Neck Space Infections in Northern Ghana
Authors: Adjeso Theophilus , Dzogbefia Mawutor , Dzantor Edem Kojo 
Published: February 2021

Background: Deep neck space infections (DNSI) continue to pose a challenge due to its potentially lethal complications that can arise despite the reduced prevalence as a result of widespread antibiotic use and improved dental care. We conducted a review of our experience with DNSI at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Unit, Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH).
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis DNSI at the ENT Unit, TTH from January 2013 to June 2020. Parameters analyzed included the age and sex distribution of patients, source of infection, sites involved, duration of admission and outcomes. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 (Chicago, IBM 2010).
Results: The study involved 135 cases of DNSIs with age range of 5 months to 76 years (35.7± 19.0 years). Majority of the DNSIs cases occurred within the third decade of life and slightly more common among males (50.4%). The duration of hospital stays ranged from a day to 41 days (10.1± 8.2 days). Multi-space abscesses were the most common diagnosed DNSIs with odontogenic infections (63%) being the most common source of DNSIs. Majority (83.7%) of the patients were successfully treated with a mortality rate of 12.6%.
Conclusion: DNSIs was most common among males with patients in their third decade most affected. Odontogenic infections were the most common source of DNSI with multi-space abscesses being the most common presentation. Majority of the patients were treated successfully.
The Prescribing Pattern of Methyldopa in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of methyldopa in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that was conducted to know the prescribing pattern of methyldopa. The data were collected from the outpatient electronic prescriptions in a public hospital in Alkharj in 2017 and 2018.
Results: Only 27 patients in the outpatient setting received methyldopa in 2017 and 23 patients in 2018. all of the patients who received methyldopa were females. Most of the prescribers were residents (82.61%) and only 17.39% were consultants. About 82.61 % of the prescriptions were written by obstetrics and gynecology department.
Conclusion: The prescribing of methyldopa is infrequent in the outpatient setting. Although it is generally safe, it may cause numerous side-effects as well as it can interact with other medications, so it is important to monitor its prescribing trends to ensure that it is prescribed appropriately.
SAFFIOTI REVISITADA: a atualidade do enfrentamento entre feminismo e capitalismo
Authors: Regina Jardim Pinto Céli 
Published: February 2021

<p class="Corpo">O artigo parte das teses do livro de Heleieth Saffioti “A Mulher na Sociedade de Classes” analisando a centralidade do capitalismo na opressão das mulheres e suas consequências na produção teórica feminista que defende a superação do capitalismo como essencial para a sua libertação. Está divido em quatro partes: na primeira expõe as teses de Saffioti informadas por um marxismo ortodoxo que não reconhece a luta feminista; na segunda, discute o encontro entre o marxismo e o feminismo na década de 1980; na terceira parte discute algumas teses de Nancy Fraser, mostrando sua trajetória de uma postura eclética a uma neomarxista; finalmente, na ultima parte, as questões discutidas nas três primeiras são trabalhadas de uma perspectiva pós estruturalista.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">SAFFIOTI REVISITED: the topicality of the confrontation between feminism and marxism</p><p class="Corpo">The article departs from the theses of Heleieth Saffioti’s book “The woman in the Class Society” and analyzes the centrality of capitalism in the oppression of women and the consequences of this in the feminist theoretical scholarship that defends the overcoming of capitalism as essential for women’s liberation. It is divided into 4 parts: the first exposes Saffioti’s theses subsidized by an orthodox Marxism that does not recognize the feminist struggle; the second discusses the encounter between Marxism and feminism in the 1980s; the third part discusses some of Nancy Fraser’s theses, showing her trajectory from an eclectic to a neo-Marxist stance; finally, in the last part, the issues discussed are examined from a post structuralist perspective.</p><p class="Corpo">Keywords: Saffioti. Docial classes. Women. Feminism. Female work.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">SAFFIOTI REVISITED: la confrontation actuelle entre féminisme et capitalisme</p><p class="Corpo">L’article part des thèses du livre d’Heleieth Saffioti “La femme dans la société de classe” et analyse la centralité du capitalisme dans l’oppression des femmes et les conséquences de cela dans la production théorique féministe qui défend le dépassement du capitalisme comme essentiel pour la libération des femmes. Il est divisé en 4 parties: dans la première, le texte expose les thèses de Saffioti cultivés par un marxisme orthodoxe qui ne reconnaît pas la lutte féministe; dans le second, il évoque la rencontre entre le marxisme et le féminisme dans les années 1980; dans la troisième partie, le texte discute certaines des thèses de Nancy Fraser, montrant sa trajectoire d’une position éclectique à une néo-marxiste; enfin, dans la dernière partie, les questions abordées dans les trois premières sont traitées dans une perspective post-structuraliste.</p><p class="Corpo">Mots-clés: Saffioti. Classes sociales. Femmes. Féminisme. Travail féminin.</p>
A novel diphtheria toxin‐based bivalent human EGF fusion toxin for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Zeng , Qiu Yue , Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Huiping , Lu Ling , Liu Yanqiu , Mathes David , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Gao Dexiang , Lu Shi‐Long , Wang Zhirui 
Published: February 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and represents a top candidate for targeted HNSCC therapy. However, the clinical effectiveness of current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs targeting EGFR is moderate, and the overall survival rate for HNSCC patients remains low. Therefore, more effective treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we generated a novel diphtheria toxin‐based bivalent human epidermal growth factor fusion toxin (bi‐EGF‐IT) to treat EGFR‐expressing HNSCC. Bi‐EGF‐IT was tested for in vitro binding affinity, cytotoxicity, and specificity using 14 human EGFR‐expressing HNSCC cell lines and three human EGFR‐negative cancer cell lines. Bi‐EGF‐IT had increased binding affinity for EGFR‐expressing HNSCC compared with the monovalent version (mono‐EGF‐IT), and both versions specifically depleted EGFR‐positive HNSCC, but not EGFR‐negative cell lines, in vitro. Bi‐EGF‐IT exhibited a comparable potency to that of the FDA‐approved EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, for inhibiting HNSCC tumor growth in vivo using both subcutaneous and orthotopic HNSCC xenograft mouse models. When tested in an experimental metastasis model, survival was significantly longer in the bi‐EGF‐IT treatment group than the erlotinib treatment group, with a significantly reduced number of metastases compared with mono‐EGF‐IT. In addition, in vivo off‐target toxicities were significantly reduced in the bi‐EGF‐IT treatment group compared with the mono‐EGF‐IT group. These results demonstrate that bi‐EGF‐IT is more effective and markedly less toxic at inhibiting primary HNSCC tumor growth and metastasis than mono‐EGF‐IT and erlotinib. Thus, the novel bi‐EGF‐IT is a promising drug candidate for further development.