bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking Cessation After Lung Cancer Diagnosis and the Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Luo Sophia J , Choi Eunji , Aredo Jacqueline V , Wilkens Lynne R , Tammemägi Martin C , Le Marchand Loïc , Cheng Iona , Wakelee Heather A , Han Summer S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Smoking cessation reduces lung cancer mortality. However, little is known about whether diagnosis of lung cancer impacts changes in smoking behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of smoking cessation on the risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) have not been established yet. This study aims to examine smoking behavior changes after initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) diagnosis and estimate the effect of smoking cessation on SPLC risk following IPLC diagnosis.

Methods
The study cohort consisted of 986 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study who were free of lung cancer and active smokers at baseline (1993-1996), provided 10-year follow-up smoking data (2003-2008), and were diagnosed with IPLC in 1993-2017. The primary outcome was a change in smoking status from “current” at baseline to “former” at 10-year follow-up (ie, smoking cessation), analyzed using logistic regression. The second outcome was SPLC incidence after smoking cessation, estimated using cause-specific Cox regression. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Among 986 current smokers at baseline, 51.1% reported smoking cessation at 10-year follow-up. The smoking cessation rate was statistically significantly higher (80.6%) for those diagnosed with IPLC between baseline and 10-year follow-up vs those without IPLC diagnosis (45.4%) during the 10-year period (adjusted odds ratio = 5.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.38 to 7.98; P &lt; .001). Incidence of SPLC was statistically significantly lower among the 504 participants who reported smoking cessation at follow-up compared with those without smoking cessation (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.67; P = .003).

Conclusion
Lung cancer diagnosis has a statistically significant impact on smoking cessation. Quitting smoking after IPLC diagnosis may reduce the risk of developing a subsequent malignancy in the lungs.
Awareness of statin–food interactions using grapefruit as an example: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baraka Mohamed A , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Elkalmi Ramadan , Sadeq Adel , Elnour Asim Ahmed , Joseph Chacko Royes , ALQarross Abdullah H , Moustafa Mahmoud M AbdRabo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to assess patients’ knowledge regarding statin–grapefruit interactions, to identify any pertinent demographic characteristics that may influence knowledge of this drug–food interaction, and to identify preferred patient sources of health information.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from statins users about the awareness regarding drug interaction with foods. Self-administered questionnaires have been distributed to collect data from statins users regardless of the type and the reason they administer these medications. Respondents were statins users visiting the King Fahd Hospital’s outpatient clinic (KFHU) and community pharmacies in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Key findings
Our study revealed that 62% of statin users never heard about the statin–grapefruit interaction. Only 11% have correctly recognized the interaction effect. Only 11, 21 and 6% of users have reported that they often/always received information on drug–food interaction from pharmacists, physicians and nurses, respectively. Users aged above 60 years had lower awareness than those aged &lt;40 (6.0% vs. 14.1%). Similarly, the proportion was lower among users who had primary or lower educational attainment, unemployed or had income lower than 5000 SAR compared with that among the contrary groups. However, only income showed a statistically significant association (P = 0.007).

Conclusions
The majority of statin users have never heard about their interaction with food. Geriatrics, low-income and less educated patients had a lower level of awareness compared with their counterparts. Many patients may end up discontinuing their medications because of that interaction and the consequent side effects. Pharmacists are requested to play their expected role in providing adequate patient counselling to help improve patients’ awareness regarding safety concerns of statins medication.
Sclerotherapy as an alternative treatment for complex, refractory seromas
Authors: Episalla Nicole C , Orra Susan , Black Cara K , Dekker Paige K , Kim Kevin G , Cardella John T , Evans Karen K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Traditional therapy for seromas often entails compression, aspiration, drainage, or surgical excision and re-closure; however, more complex, treatment-refractory seromas may require additional treatment. Sclerotherapy has been well documented in the treatment of simple pleural effusions, vascular malformations, lymphoceles and seromas. However, little evidence is available on the efficacy of sclerotherapy in complex, treatment-refractory seromas that develop post-operatively in patients with complex medical histories. We present a case series highlighting the use of sclerotherapy by interventional radiology as an alternative or adjunctive treatment method for chronic, high-volume post-operative seromas recalcitrant to multiple attempts of traditional treatment. At long-term follow-up, the seromas resolved after a maximum of four rounds of sclerotherapy with various combinations of known sclerosants. Highly complex cases of large, chronic seromas may be refractory to conservative modalities and re-closure. Sclerotherapy can be considered an alternative method or adjunctive treatment for chronic, recalcitrant post-operative seromas.
A case of traumatic rupture of the urinary bladder due to a fall from a chair-style ski lift
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report our experience with an 8-year-old boy who incurred a traumatic rupture of the urinary bladder due to a fall from a chair-type ski lift. This boy felt like he needed to urinate before getting on the lift, but he did not do so. He was trembling from the sensation of needing to urinate and fell from the lift while it was at least 6 m in the air. He complained of abdominal pain, and on-site emergency physicians performed focused assessment with sonography for trauma, which showed fluid in the abdomen. He subsequently developed abdominal guarding. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a rupture of the urinary bladder. At laparotomy, two ruptures were seen along the dome of the bladder; the bladder wall was repaired in three layers. The patient was discharged with a cast on his foot for a fracture of the left heel bone on postoperative day 16.
Comparing theories of consciousness: why it matters and how to do it
Authors: Del Pin Simon Hviid , Skóra Zuzanna , Sandberg Kristian , Overgaard Morten , Wierzchoń Michał 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe theoretical landscape of scientific studies of consciousness has flourished. Today, even multiple versions of the same theory are sometimes available. To advance the field, these theories should be directly compared to determine which are better at predicting and explaining empirical data. Systematic inquiries of this sort are seen in many subfields in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, e.g. in working memory. Nonetheless, when we surveyed publications on consciousness research, we found that most focused on a single theory. When ‘comparisons’ happened, they were often verbal and non-systematic. This fact in itself could be a contributing reason for the lack of convergence between theories in consciousness research. In this paper, we focus on how to compare theories of consciousness to ensure that the comparisons are meaningful, e.g. whether their predictions are parallel or contrasting. We evaluate how theories are typically compared in consciousness research and related subdisciplines in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, and we provide an example of our approach. We then examine the different reasons why direct comparisons between theories are rarely seen. One possible explanation is the unique nature of the consciousness phenomenon. We conclude that the field should embrace this uniqueness, and we set out the features that a theory of consciousness should account for.
Feasibility of magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment targeting distinct nodular lesions in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Tydings Caitlin , Yarmolenko Pavel , Bornhorst Miriam , Dombi Eva , Myseros John , Keating Robert , Bost James , Sharma Karun , Kim AeRang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PN) often have radiographically diagnosed distinct nodular lesions (DNL) which can cause pain and weakness. Magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) can precisely and accurately deliver heat to thermally ablate target tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate whole-body MRIs from patients with NF1 and DNL, applying volumetrics and a consistent treatment planning approach to determine the feasibility of MR-HIFU ablation of DNL.

Methods
A retrospective review of whole-body MRI scans from patients with NF1 and PN from CNH and NCI was performed. DNL are defined as lesions &gt;3 cm, distinct from PN and lacking the “central dot” feature. Criteria for MR-HIFU thermal ablation include target location 1–8 cm from skin surface; &gt;1 cm from visible plexus, spinal canal, bladder, bowel, physis; and ability to ablate ≥50% of lesion volume. Lesions in skull and vertebral body were excluded.

Results
In 26 patients, 120 DNL were identified. The majority of DNL were located in an extremity (52.5%). Other sites included head/neck (7%), chest (13%), and abdomen/pelvis (28%). The predefined HIFU ablation criteria was not met for 47.5% of lesions (n = 57). The main limitation was proximity to a vital structure or organ (79%). Complete and partial HIFU ablation was feasible for 25% and 27.5% of lesions, respectively.

Conclusion
Based on imaging review of lesion location, technical considerations and ability to target lesions, thermal ablation with MR-HIFU may be a feasible noninvasive alternative for symptom management in patients with NF1 and symptomatic DNL.
Social-specific impairment of negative emotion perception in alexithymia
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Goerlich Katharina S , Luo Yue-jia , Xu Pengfei , Aleman André 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlexithymia has been characterized as an impaired ability of emotion processing and regulation. The definition of alexithymia does not include a social component. However, there is some evidence that social cognition may be compromised in individuals with alexithymia. Hence, emotional impairments associated with alexithymia may extend to socially relevant information. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses of individuals meeting the clinically relevant cutoff for alexithymia (ALEX; n = 24) and individuals without alexithymia (NonALEX; n = 23) while they viewed affective scenes that varied on the dimensions of sociality and emotional valence during a rapid serial visual presentation task. We found that ALEX exhibited lower accuracy and larger N2 than NonALEX in the perception of social negative scenes. Source reconstruction revealed that the group difference in N2 was localized at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Irrespective of emotional valence, ALEX showed stronger alpha power than NonALEX in social but not non-social conditions. Our findings support the hypothesis of social processing being selectively affected by alexithymia, especially for stimuli with negative valence. Electrophysiological evidence suggests altered deployment of attentional resources in the perception of social-specific emotional information in alexithymia. This work sheds light on the neuropsychopathology of alexithymia and alexithymia-related disorders.
Teff grass for continuous stocking in the Southern High Plains by growing beef steers receiving protein supplements
Authors: Sugg Joel D , Sarturi Jhones O , West Charles P , Ballou Michael A , Henry Darren D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This experiment evaluated forage quality, total nutrient yield, water footprint, and growth performance of beef steers receiving protein supplements while grazing Teff grass [‘Tiffany’Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] over two consecutive growing seasons. Each year, four 2.66-ha irrigated paddocks (experimental units) were stocked with crossbred beef steers (n = 5 per paddock, initial BW = 289 ± 30 for yr 1; and n = 6, initial BW = 286 ± 23 for yr 2) in a randomized complete block design and stocked continuously for 63 d. Daily supplements [0.45 kg/d of cottonseed meal (Control) enough to avoid a negative ruminal N balance; and 0.50% mean paddock BW animal-daily (approximately 1.65 kg) of sorghum-dried distillers grains plus solubles, (DDGS)] were randomly assigned to two paddocks each. Supplement did not influence forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, or in vitro true digestibility (P ≥ 0.54), except for a tendency (P = 0.08) for a numerical increase in NDF content of paddocks with steers that received DDGS supplementation. Paddock nutrient-yields were similar (P ≥ 0.43) between supplement treatments. Supplementation with DDGS produced greater (P = 0.01) cattle shrunk average daily gain (ADG). Predicted teff dry matter intake (DMI), net energy for maintenance (NEm), and growth (NEg) (P ≤ 0.03) were greater with cattle offered Control treatment. Predicted total DMI was similar (P = 0.14) although predicted dietary NEm, NEg, gain:feed, and total BW gain were greater (P ≤ 0.02) with DDGS. Predicted forage intake was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for cattle offered Control treatment. Teff nutrients remaining on d 56 were similar (P = 0.33) between treatments. Water footprint for total production of forage nutrient components did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) by treatments. Nutrient yield and water use efficiency of continuously stocked teff grass was not affected by supplemental regimen. Using DDGS as a supplement may increase BW gain through increased nutrient utilization without hindering teff nutrient production on a continuous stocking system.
Age-Related Changes in Voice Emotion Recognition by Postlingually Deafened Listeners With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Cannon Shauntelle A. , Chatterjee Monita 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
Identification of emotional prosody in speech declines with age in normally hearing (NH) adults. Cochlear implant (CI) users have deficits in the perception of prosody, but the effects of age on vocal emotion recognition by adult postlingually deaf CI users are not known. The objective of the present study was to examine age-related changes in CI users’ and NH listeners’ emotion recognition.

Design:
Participants included 18 CI users (29.6 to 74.5 years) and 43 NH adults (25.8 to 74.8 years). Participants listened to emotion-neutral sentences spoken by a male and female talker in five emotions (happy, sad, scared, angry, neutral). NH adults heard them in four conditions: unprocessed (full spectrum) speech, 16-channel, 8-channel, and 4-channel noise-band vocoded speech. The adult CI users only listened to unprocessed (full spectrum) speech. Sensitivity (d’) to emotions and Reaction Times were obtained using a single-interval, five-alternative, forced-choice paradigm.

Results:
For NH participants, results indicated age-related declines in Accuracy and d’, and age-related increases in Reaction Time in all conditions. Results indicated an overall deficit, as well as age-related declines in overall d’ for CI users, but Reaction Times were elevated compared with NH listeners and did not show age-related changes. Analysis of Accuracy scores (hit rates) were generally consistent with d’ data.

Conclusions:
Both CI users and NH listeners showed age-related deficits in emotion identification. The CI users’ overall deficit in emotion perception, and their slower response times, suggest impaired social communication which may in turn impact overall well-being, particularly so for older CI users, as lower vocal emotion recognition scores have been associated with poorer subjective quality of life in CI patients.
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Outcomes After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Mayampurath Anoop , Hagopian Raffi , Venable Laura , Carey Kyle , Edelson Dana , Churpek Matthew ,   for the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Prognostication of neurologic status among survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrests remains a challenging task for physicians. Although models such as the Cardiac Arrest Survival Post-Resuscitation In-hospital score are useful for predicting neurologic outcomes, they were developed using traditional statistical techniques. In this study, we derive and compare the performance of several machine learning models with each other and with the Cardiac Arrest Survival Post-Resuscitation In-hospital score for predicting the likelihood of favorable neurologic outcomes among survivors of resuscitation.

DESIGN:
Analysis of the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry.

SETTING:
Seven-hundred fifty-five hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation from January 1, 2001, to January 28, 2017.

PATIENTS:
Adult in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 117,674 patients in our cohort, 28,409 (24%) had a favorable neurologic outcome, as defined as survival with a Cerebral Performance Category score of less than or equal to 2 at discharge. Using patient characteristics, pre-existing conditions, prearrest interventions, and periarrest variables, we constructed logistic regression, support vector machines, random forests, gradient boosted machines, and neural network machine learning models to predict favorable neurologic outcome. Events prior to October 20, 2009, were used for model derivation, and all subsequent events were used for validation. The gradient boosted machine predicted favorable neurologic status at discharge significantly better than the Cardiac Arrest Survival Post-Resuscitation In-hospital score (C-statistic: 0.81 vs 0.73; p < 0.001) and outperformed all other machine learning models in terms of discrimination, calibration, and accuracy measures. Variables that were consistently most important for prediction across all models were duration of arrest, initial cardiac arrest rhythm, admission Cerebral Performance Category score, and age.

CONCLUSIONS:
The gradient boosted machine algorithm was the most accurate for predicting favorable neurologic outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Our results highlight the utility of machine learning for predicting neurologic outcomes in resuscitated patients.
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale in Heart Failure
Authors: Asano Reiko , Anderson Kelley M. , Koirala Binu , Abshire Martha , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Heart failure is a troublesome condition with high healthcare utilization and cost. Most individuals with heart failure experience multiple symptoms including breathlessness, pain, depression, and anxiety.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to review the literature describing the use of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale to assess the burden of symptoms and the impact of symptoms on heart failure outcomes including quality of life and functional outcomes.

Methods
The search engines PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from January 2001 to March 2020. A review of literature was undertaken using key terms “heart failure,” “CHF,” “cardiac failure,” “heart decompensation,” “myocardial failure,” “Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale”. Hand searching of articles was also undertaken.

Results
The search resulted in 33 relevant articles, which were imported into Rayyan, a Web-based systematic review software program. We present synthesis of results of studies (1) using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale as an assessment of symptom burden and (2) evaluating the impact of symptom burden on quality of life and functional status.

Conclusion
This review highlighted the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale as a predictive instrument to identify symptom burden, symptom clusters, and symptom changes for patients living with heart failure. The clinical use of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale may identify treatment priorities, promote self-management, inform the treatment plan, and advance effective therapeutic adjustments. The symptom burden in heart failure is high, and improving the symptom experience is an important focus of future healthcare interventions. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale has utility in heart failure management due to psychometric properties and ease of administration.

Clinical Implications
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale may be useful in measuring patient-reported symptom burden in patients with heart failure in the clinical setting because it correlates well with other heart failure measures on quality of life and functional outcomes and provides useful information on symptom burden.
A large subclavian artery aneurysm inducing subclavian steal syndrome
Authors: Zheng Dingdan , Wu Jibao , Li Qiuli , Li Haipeng , Yao Xiaoxi , Zhou Huayang , Chen Jing , Liu Shufang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is primarily due to occlusion or stenosis of the innominate or proximal subclavian artery (SA). Subclavian artery aneurysm (SAA) is a rare type of peripheral vascular aneurysm. SAA inducing SSS is rare and only three case reports have been described in the literature. In our case, we document a large SAA located at the origin of vertebral artery that induced SSS.

Patient concerns:
A 65-year -old woman complained about repeated vertigo over the past 6 months. Her past history was significant for hypertension over 15 years and the blood pressure was not well controlled.

Diagnosis:
The computed tomography angiography showed a true SAA of size 4.2cmx3.8 cm. The transcranial Doppler showed reverse flow during systole and forward flow in diastole. Combined with the clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination, we diagnosed the patient with SSS induced by SAA.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with conventional blood pressure control and underwent aneurysmectomy and bypass surgery via right supraclavicular incision.

Outcomes:
After the surgery, the patient recovered successfully without any complications and the symptom of vertigo disappeared. During the 6-month follow-up period, her clinical condition remained stable.

Conclusion:
SAA causing SSS is very rare and is an often-overlooked cause of vertigo. Hence, when patients suffer from vertebrobasilar insufficiency such as vertigo or walking instability, examinations using ultrasonography, transcranial Doppler and even computed tomography angiography are necessary to exclude the complications caused by SAA and SSS.