bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 90: Feasibility and Acceptability of Smartphone-Based Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Western Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Ogollah Cyrillus , Ambaka Jennifer , Randa Magdalene , Guliam Anagha , Cohen Craig 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Adjunct cervical cancer screening methods, including cervicography, are under evaluation to improve the accuracy of HPV-based screening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of smartphone-based cervicography among HPV-positive women living with HIV (WLWH) in Western Kenya.
Methods: HPV-positive WLWH age 25-49 years enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT04191967) had digital images of the cervix taken using a smartphone by a nonphysician provider following visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). All participants had colposcopy-directed biopsy prior to treatment. A questionnaire was administered to assess acceptability of cervicography. Cervical images were evaluated by three off-site colposcopists for quality, diagnostic utility, and assigned a presumed diagnosis. We determined the proportion of images rated as low, medium, or high quality, the interobserver agreement using Cohen's Kappa statistic, and the colposcopist's sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) compared with histopathology.
Results: One hundred and sixty-four HPV-positive WLWH underwent cervicography during the study period. Mean age was 37.3 years. The vast majority of women, 99.4%, were comfortable having an image of their cervix taken as part of screening. Images from the first 94 participants were evaluated by off-site colposcopists, with a majority (70.9%) rated as high quality, and 86.9% of sufficient quality for diagnosis. Off-site colposcopists had a sensitivity ranging from 21.4% (95% CI 0.06-0.43) to 35.7% (95% CI 0.26-0.46), and specificity between 85.5% (95% CI 0.81-0.90) to 94.9% (95% CI 0.92-0.98) for diagnosis of CIN2+ compared to histopathology.
Conclusion: Cervicography by a nonphysician provider as an adjunct to HPV-based screening among WLWH in an LMIC setting is feasible and acceptable. However, low sensitivity for diagnosis of CIN2+ from cervical images by off-site expert colposcopists highlights the limitations of cervicography and need for a better triage test in this population.
Citation Format: Chemtai Mungo, Cyrillus Ogollah, Jennifer Ambaka, Magdalene Randa, Anagha Guliam, Craig Cohen. Feasibility and Acceptability of Smartphone-Based Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Western Kenya [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 90.
Abstract 91: IGCS Fellowship Program in Mozambique: the Results
Authors: Rangeiro Ricardina , Changule Dercia , Daud Siro , Ribeiro Magda , Luis Elvira , Mabota Flora , Cintra Georgia , Moretti-Marques Renato , Lopes Andre , Vieira Marcelo , Salcedo Mila , Baker Ellen , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Schemeler Kathleen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Mozambique is a country with a very high prevalence of gynecological cancer and, until 2018 had no training program in gynecologic oncology and no gynecologic oncology specialists. Through the International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS) global fellowship program, three gynecologists in Mozambique were trained to become gynecologic oncologists and completed training in October 2020.
Methods: The training program pairs specialists in gynecologic oncology with gynecologists in countries without a formal training program in gynecologic oncology. In Mozambique, fellows were paired with specialists from Brazil and the United States, due to a common language with Brazilians and pre-existing partnerships. Over a 2.5 year period, fellows performed self-study using an on-line curriculum, received training in clinical practice and surgery with specialist mentors who traveled to Mozambique 3-4 times/year, attended monthly tumor boards and other regular virtual meetings, and visited the mentors' hospitals in Brazil for a 3 month observership. All surgical cases were logged in REDCap. after completing all requirements, the fellows successfully completed a final exam and received a certificate of successful completion of training.
Results: During the training, each fellow participated on average of 251 surgical procedures where they performed: 69 radical hysterectomies, 80 simple hysterectomies, 92 salpingo-oophorectomies, 73 pelvic lymphadenectomies, 2 para-aortic lymphadenectomies, 14 radical vulvectomies, 19 inguinal lymphadenectomies, 34 cold knife conizations and 38 loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs). At the conclusion of the fellowship, the fellows were performing these procedures independently.
Conclusion: The IGCS program and international mentors supported the training of physicians in Mozambique, a country without formal gynecologic oncology training, facilitating the acquisition of the knowledge and skills to effectively care for women with gynecologic cancers.
Citation Format: Ricardina Rangeiro, Dercia Changule, Siro Daud, Magda Ribeiro, Elvira Luis, Flora Mabota, Georgia Cintra, Renato Moretti-Marques, Andre Lopes, Marcelo Vieira, Mila Salcedo, Ellen Baker, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Kathleen Schemeler. IGCS Fellowship Program in Mozambique: the Results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 91.
Monocytic Differentiation and AHR Signaling as Primary Nodes of BET Inhibitor Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Romine Kyle A. , Nechiporuk Tamilla , Bottomly Daniel , Jeng Sophia , McWeeney Shannon K. , Kaempf Andy , Corces M. Ryan , Majeti Ravindra , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

To understand mechanisms of response to BET inhibitors (BETi), we mined the Beat AML functional genomic data set and performed genome-wide CRISPR screens on BETi-sensitive and BETi-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Both strategies revealed regulators of monocytic differentiation—SPI1, JUNB, FOS, and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor signaling (AHR/ARNT)—as determinants of BETi response. AHR activation synergized with BETi, whereas inhibition antagonized BETi-mediated cytotoxicity. Consistent with BETi sensitivity dependence on monocytic differentiation, ex vivo sensitivity to BETi in primary AML patient samples correlated with higher expression of the monocytic markers CSF1R, LILRs, and VCAN. In addition, HL-60 cell line differentiation enhanced its sensitivity to BETi. Further, screens to rescue BETi sensitivity identified BCL2 and CDK6 as druggable vulnerabilities. Finally, monocytic AML patient samples refractory to venetoclax ex vivo were significantly more sensitive to combined BETi + venetoclax. Together, our work highlights mechanisms that could predict BETi response and identifies combination strategies to overcome resistance.

Significance:
Drug resistance remains a challenge for AML, and new therapies, such as BETi, will require combination approaches to boost single-agent responses. We conducted genome-wide CRISPR screens and functional genomics on AML patient samples to identify leukemic differentiation state and AHR signaling as primary mediators of BETi response.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 403
Depictions of Egypt in the Book of Hosea and Their Implications for Dating the Book
Authors: Dewrell Heath D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, the oracles contained in the book of Hosea, at least in their earliest forms, have been dated prior to the fall of the Northern Kingdom at the hands of the Assyrians. In a previous essay, I argued that there is evidence that would suggest that at least some of the oracles date a few decades later, to the reign of the Assyrian King Sennacherib. On the basis of Hosea’s presentation of Egypt both as a potential source of help and as a military threat, the present essay argues that Hosea’s oracles make more sense in the final decade of the eighth century, after Samaria’s fall, than before the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom, as most scholars have traditionally assumed.
From Chiromancy to Psychochirology
Authors: Nagel Alexandra H.M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The works of Julius Spier, a pupil of C.G. Jung, provide a perfect case study illustrating the psychologization of chiromancy during the Interbellum. His case also highlights a lack of insight in the way in which hand-reading has evolved in Europe since the nineteenth century. After its appearance in the West, the art of reading hands has generally been referred to as chiromancy (hand divination, i.e. fortune-telling through reading the palm). Thanks to the work of the French captain Casimir S. d’ Arpentigny, published first in 1843, chirognomy (the study of hand forms) has become an important aspect of hand-reading. Afterwards, Adolphe Desbarrolles distinguished a chirognomic and a chiromantic aspect on a hand-analysis, whereupon either chirology (the study of the hand) or chirosophy (wisdom of the hand) became the umbrella terms for the “twin sciences” chiromancy and chirognomy. Spier, however, juxtaposed chirology and chiromancy before branching off with his novel method entitled psychochirology.
From Normative to Nothing
Authors: Daniels Joel D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Christian theology has historically constructed a “normative” human body: white and male. Theological conclusions, then, are filtered through this systematic way of viewing the world, invariably excluding bodies that do not conform. Pentecostal theology, I argue, has the resources to transgress these myopic confines imposed on the body, freeing the body through sound and movement rather than adhering to static categorization. Thus, I begin by exploring U.S. history around the body, demonstrating how specific bodies have been strategically opposed and denigrated for the sake of maintaining “white” supremacy. Next, I use Paul Tillich as a case study for the theology’s “normative” body, enabling me to enter my central argument: Pentecostal theology is able to reconsider, reconstitute, and reform the “normative” body, removing arbitrary parameters and categories. The body, I contend, is movement and sound that refuses the oppressive forces that try to contain through classification and subjugation.
Life cycle resolved observation of radiative properties of mesoscale convective systems
Authors: Bouniol Dominique , Roca Rémy , Fiolleau Thomas , Raberanto Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evolution of radiative properties (outgoing longwave radiation, OLR, and albedo at the top of the atmosphere) over Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) life cycle is assessed using five years of Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB) radiometer onboard the Megha-Tropiques satellites merged with geostationary infrared images. The MCS life cycle is documented using a tracking algorithm. A composite approach is then implemented to document the evolution of radiative properties at each life stage at the scale of the tropical belt, in continental and oceanic regions and in specific regions. Independently of the considered region the composites share similarities with a unique maximum in albedo and a unique minimum in OLR, values of which differ depending on the environment as well as the amplitude of both parameters over the life cycle. The unique precessing orbit of the Megha-Tropiques satellite allows a consideration of the albedo as a function of the local time of observation showing that the magnitude of the albedo signal is mainly controlled by the solar zenithal angle.Sensitivity tests allow to the quantification of the impact of an error in radiative properties showing that even small errors lead to substantial increment on the instantaneous cloud radiative effect. All together these elements point toward the subtle balance between life cycle, cloud radiative properties and phasing within the diurnal cycle to build the atmospheric radiative budget in oceanic or continental regions.
Polarimetric Observations and Simulations of Sublimating Snow: Implications for Nowcasting
Authors: Carlin Jacob T. , Reeves Heather D. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSnow sublimating in dry air is a forecasting challenge and can delay the onset of surface snowfall and affect storm-total accumulations. Despite this, it remains comparatively less studied than other microphysical processes. Herein, the characteristics of sublimating snow and the potential for nowcasting snowfall reaching the surface are explored through the use of dual-polarization radar. Twelve cases featuring prolific sublimation were analyzed using range-defined quasi-vertical profiles (RDQVPs) and compared with environmental model analyses. Overall, reflectivity Z significantly decreases, differential reflectivity ZDR slightly decreases, and copolar-correlation coefficient ρhv remains nearly constant through the sublimation layer. Regions of enhanced specific differential phase Kdp were frequently observed in the sublimation layer and are believed to be polarimetric evidence of secondary ice production via sublimation. A 1D bin model was initialized using particle size distributions retrieved from the RDQVPs using numerous novel polarimetric snowretrieval relations for a wide range of forecast lead times, with the model environment evolving in response to sublimation. It was found that the model was largely able to predict the snowfall start time up to six hours in advance, with a 6-h median bias of just -18.5 minutes. A more detailed case study of the 08 December 2013 snowstorm in the Philadelphia region was also performed, demonstrating good correspondence with observations and examples of model fields (e.g., cooling rate) hypothetically available from such a tool. The proof-of-concept results herein demonstrate the potential benefits of incorporating spatially averaged radar data in conjunction with simple 1D models into the nowcasting process.
The Role of a Tropopause Polar Vortex in the Generation of the January 2019 Extreme Arctic Outbreak
Authors: Lillo Samuel P. , Cavallo Steven M. , Parsons David B. , Riedel Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn extreme Arctic cold air outbreak took place across the Midwest, Great Lakes, and Northeast during 29 January to 1 February 2019. The event broke numerous long-standing records with wide-reaching and detrimental societal impacts. This study found that this rare and dangerous cold air outbreak (CAO) was a direct consequence of a tropopause polar vortex (TPV) originating at high latitudes and subsequently tracking southward into the United States. The tropopause depression at the center of this TPV extended nearly to the surface. Simulations using the atmospheric component of the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) were conducted, revealing excellent predictability at 6–7-day lead times with the strength, timing, and location of the CAO linked to the earlier characteristics of the TPV over the Arctic. Within the middle latitudes, the TPV subsequently developed a tilt with height. Warming and the destruction of potential vorticity also took place as the TPV passed over the Great Lakes initiating a lake-effect snow storm. The climatological investigation of CAOs suggests that TPVs frequently play a role in CAOs over North America with a TPV located within 1000 km of a CAO 85% of the time. These TPVs tended to originate in the northern Canadian Arctic and are ejected equatorward into the Great Lakes/Upper Midwest and then to the Northeast over Labrador. This study also provides insight into how the impact of Arctic circulations on middle latitudes may vary within the framework of a rapidly changing Arctic.
On the Relation among Satellite Observed Liquid Water Path, Cloud Droplet Number Concentration and Cloud Base Rain Rate and Its Implication to the Auto-Conversion Parameterization in Stratocumulus Clouds
Authors: Murakami Yasutaka , Kummerow Christian D. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecipitation processes play a critical role in the longevity and spatial distribution of stratocumulus clouds through their interaction with the vertical profiles of humidity and temperature within the atmospheric boundary layer. One of the difficulties in understanding these processes is the limited amount of observational data. In this study, robust relations among liquid water path (LWP), cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) and cloud base rain rate (Rcb) from three subtropical stratocumulus decks are obtained from A-Train satellite observations in order to obtain a broad perspective on warm rain processes.Rcbhas a positive correlation withLWP/Ndand the increase ofRcbbecomes larger asLWP/Ndincreases. However, the increase ofRcbwith respect toLWP/Ndbecomes more gradual in regions with largerNd, which indicates the relation is moderated byNd. These results are consistent with our theoretical understanding of warm rain processes and suggest that satellite observations are capable of elucidating the average manner of how precipitation processes are modulated byLWPandNd. The sensitivity of the auto-conversion rate toNdis investigated by examining pixels with smallLWPin which the accretion process is assumed to have little influence onRcb. The upper limit of the dependency of auto-conversion rate onNdis assessed from the relation betweenRcbandNd, since the sensitivity is exaggerated by the accretion process, and was found to be a cloud droplet number concentration to the power of −1.44 ± 0.12.
Highly epoxidized soybean oil in replacement of mineral oil for high performance on silica-filled tread rubber compounds
Authors: Esposito Leandro Hernán , Marzocca Angel José 
Published: July 2021

The potential replacement of a treated residual aromatic extract mineral oil (TRAE) by a highly epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) into a silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compound was investigated. In order to determine if ESO compounds performance are suitable for tread tire applications, processing properties cure and characteristics were evaluated. The impact of ESO amount on the silica dispersion was confirmed by Payne Effect. The presence of chemical or physical interactions between ESO and silica improves the filler dispersion, enabling the compound processability and affecting the cure kinetic rate. An adjusted rubber compound with 2 phr of ESO and 2 phr of sulfur presented the higher stiffness and strength values with lower weight loss from a wear test compared with TRAE compound at an equal amount of oil and curing package. Furthermore, wet grip and rolling resistance predictors of both compounds gave comparable results, maintaining a better performance and reducing the dependence of mineral oil for tire tread compounds.
Effectiveness of Undergraduate-Generated Animations: Increasing Comprehension and Engagement for Neuroscience Majors and Non-Majors
Authors: Reed Catherine L. , Hagen Emilia , Bukach Cindy M. , Couperus Jane W. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Animations of scientific concepts may improve comprehension by explaining and visualizing the steps of complex processes, but unless they engage student interest in meaningful ways, their effectiveness as teaching tools is limited. We achieve this through a novel approach to animation design that includes the target audience (undergraduates) so that the resultant animations align with their learner characteristics. Objective: This case study investigated whether undergraduate-generated animations were more effective educational tools than informationally equivalent text-and-illustration presentations and whether learners’ background influenced the relative benefits of animations. Method: Incorporating feedback from faculty and undergraduates, we created animations and text-plus-illustration content to explain how neural signals are generated and measured by scalp electrodes. Neuroscience majors and non-majors were presented with either animations or static presentations followed by comprehension and engagement assessments. Results: Both groups showed comprehension and engagement benefits for animations. Although majors showed better overall comprehension, animations improved comprehension for non-majors over static presentations. Conclusion: When educational content is directed for a target audience, animations can be more effective teaching tools for a broader student audience. Teaching Implications: The relevance of online tools for remote instruction makes animations, developed for and by undergraduates, important tools for effectively introducing difficult content.
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cell saver usage in the repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Authors: Amanvermez Senarslan Dilsad , Yildirim Funda , Kurdal Adnan Taner , Damar Abdulkerim , Ozturk Tulun , Tetik Omer 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: A substantial amount of blood loss occurs during the open repair of aortic aneurysms or dissections. The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cell saver devices in blood conservation during the open repair of thoracic aortic pathologies. Methods: The present study prospectively collected the data pertaining to 25 patients who underwent surgical management of thoracic aortic aneurysms or dissections using a cell saver (Group 1, n = 25). The volume and cost of transfusion and postoperative outcomes were compared with the second group of patients who underwent surgery without the use of cell savers in the previous year (Group 2, n = 25); the data pertaining to the same were retrospectively collected from the hospital records. The patient characteristics and categorical variables were compared using the x2 test and Fisher’s exact test. Transfusion volume and costs were compared using the independent samples t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The patients in both the groups displayed similar characteristics and risk factors. The total volume of allogenic red blood cell (p < 0.001) and total blood product (p = 0.01) transfusions were significantly lower in Group 1. The cost of red blood cell (p < 0.001) and total transfusions (p = 0.03) were lower in Group 1. The two groups displayed similar in-hospital morbidity and mortality rates. Conclusions: There was a significant association between the use of cell savers and the decreased need for red blood cell and total blood product transfusions. Considering the cost of the cell saver set, transfusion costs in the two groups were comparable.
Inter-observer reliability of a risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism in acutely-ill medical hospitalized patients: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ferreira Cassia RL , de Bastos Marcos , Diniz Mirella L , Mancini Renan A , Raposo Yan S , Alves Samara MPG , Rezende Suely M 
Published: July 2021

Objectives To analyze the inter-observer reliability of risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a population of adult acutely-ill medical patients. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we collected risk factors and risk classification for VTE using RAM IMPROVE7. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate inter-observer reliability between lead clinicians and trained researchers. We evaluated occurrence of VTE in patients with mismatched classification. Results We included 2,380 patients, median age 70 years (interquartile range [IQR], 58-79), 56.2% female. Adjusted Kappa for VTE risk factors ranged from substantial (0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.67) for “immobilization”, to almost perfect (0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99) for “thrombophilia”; risk classification was 0.64 (95% CI 0.60-0.67). Divergent risk classification occurred in 434 patients (18.2%) of whom seven (1.6%) developed VTE. Conclusion Despite substantial to almost perfect reliability between observers for risk factors and risk classification, lead clinicians tended to underestimate the risk for VTE.