bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY ON PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN S.S LAYOUT, DAVANGERE
Authors: FATHIMA NAZISH , JACOB ANITTA MARIAM , VARUGHESE ANJU , ABRAHAM ARPITHA , MATHEW ASHA 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Self-medication practice is an element of self-care and it is the use of medication without the prescription of health-care professionals. This community-based prospective observational study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and belief of the subjects toward this practice.
Methods: This study was carried out in S.S Layout, Davangere, for a period of 6 months. The data were collected in predesigned validated questionnaire. A total of 400 subjects were participated in the study.
Results: Among 400 individuals, 280 subjects were practicing self-medication, and this practices were high among females 174 (62%) than males 106 (38%). The majority of subjects participated in this study were students (36%). The most common indications for self-medication practice were headache (30%) followed by fever (25%) and heartburn (13%). The highly used drug in this practice was acetaminophen (57%). The most commonly used category of drugs for self-medication were analgesics (57%) followed by antacids (17%) and others (anti-hypertensive, anti-diarrheal, anti-pyretic, anti-histamines, and laxative) (13%). The main reasons for self-medication practice were no need to visit the doctor for minor illness (62%), long distance to health center (24%), and inability to pay for health-care cost (6%).
Conclusion: This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among students in our society. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure safe usage of drugs. Interventions are required to reduce the frequency of misuse of drugs.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ULIPRISTAL ACETATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: SINGHA S SANATHOIBA , RAO T SREENIVAS 
Published: April 2021

Objective: This work makes an attempt to establish a sensitive and accurate method for the development and validation of an analytical method for estimation of ulipristal acetate (UPA) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: A mixture of 20 mM acetate buffer pH 3.7 and methanol in the ratio of 70:30 (v/v %) was used as the mobile phase. An xBridge™ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μ) was used for the analysis at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, injection volume of 20 μl, run time of 15 min, and detection wavelength of 309 nm. The repeatability (within-day in triplicates) and intermediate precision (for 2 days) were carried out by six injections and the obtained results within and between the days of trials were expressed as percent relative standard deviation (% RSD). The linearity of the method was determined by the analysis of analyte concentration across a range of 10 μg/ml–60 μg/ml.
Results: The % RSD values of precision studies were found to be below the accepted limit of 2%. The method was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98. The method was also found to be accurate and robust with suitable values. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were found to be 0.371 μg/ml and 1.23 μg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of analysis prove that this method can be used for the routine determination of UPA in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
EVALUATION OF THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF FLOWERS OF PLUMERIA ALBA LINN IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: VINOTHA AT SATHIYA , MS UMAMAGESWARI , A UMAMAHESWARI , S VELARUL 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Plumeria alba (Apocynaceae), commonly known as “Frangipani” is an important medicinal plant, widely distributed throughout Southern India. In the traditional medicinal system, different parts of this plant have been mentioned to be useful in a wide variety of diseases. In this study, analgesic activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of flowers of P. alba Linn was evaluated by hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods to substantiate and expand its clinical applications.
Methods: The flowers of P. alba were collected from the local area in and around Coimbatore (India). The flowers were dried, powdered, and were extracted using soxhlet apparatus for 12 h using water and 95% of ethanol as a solvent. The test extracts were administered orally at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg while diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) served as standard.
Results: The ethanolic flower extract of 200 mg/kg had significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response (***p<0.001) when compared to control and standard drug diclofenac. It also exhibited significant analgesic activity (***p<0.001) by increasing the pain reaction time of the rats in comparison to control and standard in hot plate method.
Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanolic flower extracts of P. alba possess potent analgesic properties, which support its use in traditional medicine and suggesting that the plant should be further investigated for its pharmacological active natural products.
CLINICAL PROFILE, PRESCRIPTION PATTERNS, AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH VITILIGO: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: M INDRANEEL , M GOVARDHAN , T KIRANMAYI , PR SNEHA REDDY , A SUREKHA , REKHA O DIVYA , SHARAN T RAM , BALAJI ANNA 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess clinical profile (age of onset, age of presentation, gender, site of involvement, severity (stage), type of vitiligo, triggering factors, and associated diseases), prescription patterns (monotherapy, combination therapy, oral, topical, and therapeutic categories of drugs prescribed) and to monitor and report adverse drug reactions (based on World Health Organization [WHO] causality assessment scale) in vitiligo patients.
Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out by evaluating and assessing the clinical profile and prescription patterns of 85 patients who attended dermatology venereology and leprosy (DVL) outpatient department at Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, SVIMS, Tirupati, over a period of 6 months from June 2019 to December 2019.
Results: In our study, forty four (51.77%) patients were female, vitiligo vulgaris is the most common morphological type observed in twenty seven (31.76%) patients. 31–50 years was the predominant age group. The mean age of onset and presentation was 38.35 (standard deviation of 18.37) and 43.27 (standard deviation of 17.96) years, respectively. Forty-one (48.23%) patients were having Stage 1 vitiligo. Fifty (58.85%) patients were having vitiligo at more than 1 site. Twelve (14.11%) patients were having a positive family history of vitiligo. Thirty-seven (43.53%) patients had triggering factors. Associated diseases were found in thirty (35%) patients. Combination therapy was given to sixty one (71.77%) patients. Topical medications were given to fifty two (61.18%) patients. During the study, we did not have a single patient complaining of any adverse drug reaction.
Conclusion: Longer the time after appearance of vitiligo, lesser the number of patients attending follow-up. If vitiligo is diagnosed at the earliest stage, more are the chances for complete repigmentation. Patients with a poor economic background are less bothered about their skin condition and are not using medications properly.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION METHOD FOR TRANSDERMAL DIFFUSION STUDY OF GRANISETRON
Authors: BUKKA RAMA , HN CHAYA 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The study is aimed to develop a simple, isocratic and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of granisetron during transdermal permeation studies through porcine ear epithelium.
Methods: A reversed-phase (C18) column was used with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. Selected mobile phase contained 25% (v/v) of acetonitrile and 75% (v/v) of 0.25 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate solution pH adjusted to 3.0 using 1% orthophosphoric acid solution.
Results: Calibration curve showed good linearity over 0.1–30 μg/mL concentration range of porcine ear permeates in 80% ethanol and 20% water (blank permeates). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of diffusion study samples of granisetron through porcine ear epithelium and the steady-state permeability flux (J) from ethanolic solution was found to be 4.707 µg/square cm/h.
Conclusion: The developed method can be used in the analysis of diffusion study samples of granisetron transdermal formulations through the porcine ear epithelium.
SYNTHESIS, IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION AND EX VIVO EVALUATION OF THE NOVEL ORGANIC NITRATE NDIBP AS A POTENTIAL VASORELAXANT AGENT
Authors: MEDEIROS CAVALCANTI AIRLLA LAANA DE , LINS ROCHA PATRÍCIA KEYTTH , LUNA ISADORA SILVA , BRANDÃO MARIA CLÁUDIA RODRIGUES , DA TRINDADE EMMELY OLIVEIRA , GUIMARÃES GEOVANI PEREIRA , ATHAYDE-FILHO PETRÔNIO FILGUEIRAS , MURATOV EUGENE , KHAN BARKAT , TULLIUS SCOTTI MARCUS , ANDRADE BRAGA VALDIR DE 
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aimed to describe the synthesis and biological/pharmacokinetic potential of the 1,3-diisobutoxypropan-2-yl nitrate (NDIBP) using in silico and ex vivo approaches.
Methods: The compound was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. NDIBP biological activity spectrum was obtained by Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS). The pharmacological effect was validated in ex vivo studies using mesenteric artery. Drug-like properties and Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) studies were carried out by pkCSM (Predicting Small-Molecule Pharmacokinetic Properties Using Graph-Based Signatures) software.
Results: PASS prediction indicated NDIBP as nitric oxide (NO) donor with vasodilator effect. Ex vivo studies validated PASS analysis and showed the NDIBP vasorelaxant activity in mesenteric arteries. Physicochemical parameters and ADMET prediction suggested that NDIBP is a drug-like molecule with a good theoretical oral bioavailability, good absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and a low distribution in the tissues.
Conclusion: All the data indicated that NDIBP possesses biological activities and drug-like properties to be considered as a vasorelaxant agent and a good candidate for further investigation in the treatment of arterial hypertension and drug development studies.
Kearifan Lokal Kabumi: Media Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Masyarakat Tuban Jawa Timur
Authors: Widianto Ahmad Arif , Lutfiana Rose Fitria 
Published: April 2021

Kearifan lokal berperan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, utamanya di tengah gencarnya arus modernisasi. Hal ini berdampak terhadap perubahan sosial di masyarakat. Kabumi sebagai salah satu kearifan lokal menjadi media penting bagi internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal kabumi sebagai media internalisasi pendidikan karakter bagi masyarakat di Desa Bader, Kecamatan Jatirogo, Kabupaten Tuban. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bader, Kecamatan Jatirogo, Kabupaten Tuban. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala desa, sesepuh desa, dan masyarakat Desa Bader. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Hubberman. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter dilakukan melalui lima tahapan, yaitu penerimaan nilai, respon, seleksi nilai, internalisasi, dan aktualisasi. Di sisi lain, nilai-nilai karakter yang muncul sebagai bentuk internalisasi kearifan lokal kabumi antara lain nilai religius, gotong royong, toleransi, dan peduli lingkungan.

Local wisdom plays an important role in people's lives, especially in the midst of modernization. This phenomenon has an impact on social change in society. Kabumi as one of the local wisdoms is an important medium for internalizing character values ​​in society. This study aims to describe the local wisdom of Kabumi as a medium for internalizing character education for the community in Bader Village, Jatirogo District, Tuban Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted in Bader village, Jatirogo district, Tuban district. The subjects in this study were the village head, village elders and the Bader village community. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Hubberman technique. The data validity test used source triangulation. The results showed that the process of internalizing character values ​​was carried out in five stages, namely acceptance of value, providing response, value selection, internalization and actualization. On the other hand, the character values that appear as a form of internalization through local Kabumi wisdom include religious values, mutual cooperation, tolerance, and environmental care.
Gaining Insights into the Schooling Experiences of Refugee Students through Art and Accompanied Narratives
Authors: Azan Alaa 
Published: April 2021

through Art and Accompanied Narratives
Presenter: Alaa Azan, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Child Studies program
Faculty Supporter: Carol Rowan

Recent scholarly writing concerning refugees and education are sometimes drawn towards deficit- perspectives. As a result, refugee families and children could be viewed as “Subjects of trauma” and “Vulnerable victims.” The dominant deficit-discourse is perpetuated by focusing on themes of war, trauma, and fear when examining children’s drawings. The current study aims to move away from this problem- based discourse and instead employ a strength-based approach to analyze the meaning of the school-based experiences of refugee students in Canada. The study will investigate the research question: How do a small group of refugee children, depict their lived school experiences in two Ottawa area community centers through drawings and verbal descriptions? The purpose of the study is to open space for discussions on the ways refugee students are viewing their schooling in Canada, building the capacity of educators, policymakers and everyone concerned with refugee’s success to serve them better. Guided by a post-structural theoretical framework, the study used drawings and descriptions to document refugee children schooling experience. Arabic speaking refugee students ages 6-12 were asked to draw “a typical day at school.” 18 Students were recruited from two community centers in Ottawa. The drawing activity took 20-30 minutes. Thematic analysis was applied to the data to help organize the emerging findings from the drawings and the verbal data. The results demonstrated the domination of themes on play and learning as reflecting the schooling experience and revealed the overall positive outlook of the participants towards their schooling in Canada.
The Debate on Gun-Control
Authors: Geng Serena (Ai Nuo) 
Published: April 2021

This presentation will begin by looking at the concept of deep disagreements and how it relates to the current debate on gun-control in America. Deep disagreements occur when people do not share the same underlying assumptions as coined by Fogelin (1985). Next, I will examine the issue of gun-control through the two main arguments of the pro-gun party: that guns make America a safer place and that the U.S. Constitution grants American citizens the right to bear arms. I will then offer anti-gun arguments against these claims as well as independent anti-gun claims in an attempt to rationally reconcile the two sides. Lastly, I will conclude with the assertion that the debate on gun-control is in fact rationally reconcilable.
A Variation of 3D Printer Machinery for Spectroscopic Tissue Analysis
Authors: Connolly Laura 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: Raman Spectroscopy is amongst several optical imaging techniques that have the ability to characterize tissue non-invasively. To use these technologies for intraoperative tissue classification, fast and efficient analysis of optical data is required with minimal operator intervention. Additionally, there is a need for a reliable database of optical signatures to account for variable conditions. We developed a software system with an inexpensive, flexible mechanical framework to facilitate automated scanning of tissue and validate spectroscopic scans with histologic ground truths. This system will be used, in the future, to train a machine learning algorithm to distinguish between different tissue types using Raman Spectroscopy.
METHODS: A sample of chicken breast tissue is mounted to a microscope slide following a biopsy of fresh frozen tissue. Landmarks for registration and evaluation are marked on the specimen using a material that is recognizable in both spectroscopic and histologic analysis. The slides are optically analyzed using our software. The landmark locations are extracted from the spectroscopic scan of the specimen using our software. This information is then compared to the landmark locations extracted from images of the slide using the software, ImageJ.
RESULTS: Target registration error of our system in comparison to ImageJ was found to be within 1.1 mm in both x and y directions.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a system that can employ accurate spectroscopic scans of fixed tissue samples. This system can be used to spectroscopically scan tissue and validate the results with histology images in the future
Structural and Functional Elucidation of IF-3 Protein of Chloroflexus aurantiacus Involved in Protein Biosynthesis: An In-Silico Approach
Authors: Saikat Abu Saim Mohammad , Uddin Md. Ekhlas , Ahmad Tasnim , Mahmud Shahriar , Abu Sayeed Imran Md. , Ahmed Sohel , Alyami Salem A. , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2021

Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a thermophilic bacterium that produces a multitude of proteinswithin its genome. Bioinformatics strategies can facilitate comprehending this organism throughfunctional and structural interpretation assessments.This study aimed to allocate the structure andfunction through an in-silico approach required for bacterial protein biosynthesis. This in-silicoviewpoint provides copious properties, including the physicochemical properties, subcellular location,three-dimensional structure, protein-protein interactions, and functional elucidation of the protein(WP_012256288.1). The STRING program is utilized for the explication of protein-proteininteractions. The in-silico investigation documented the protein's hydrophilic nature withpredominantly alpha (α) helices in its secondary structure.The tertiary-structure model of the proteinhas been shown to exhibit reasonably high consistency based on various quality assessmentmethods.The functional interpretation suggested that the protein can act as a translation initiationfactor, a protein required for translation and protein biosynthesis. Protein-protein interactions alsodemonstrated high credence that the protein interconnected with 30S ribosomal subunit involved inprotein synthesis. This study is bioinformatically examined that the protein (WP_012256288.1) isaffiliated in protein biosynthesis as a translation initiation factor IF-3 of C. aurantiacus.
Feminismo en la Política Exterior de México 2020-2024
Authors: Silva Esparza Paola Carolina 
Published: April 2021

El tema de la condición de la mujer en América Latina y el Caribe, aunado con el aumento de la violencia en los últimos años, ha obligado a que los gobiernos constituyan legislaciones en la materia y participen en la conformación de instrumentos internacionales y regionales. Por su parte, las feministas pretenden establecer acciones que guíen sus objetivos e influyan en las decisiones de sus respectivos gobiernos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar los retos que le depara al gobierno de México hasta el 2024 al declarar su Política Exterior feminista el 9 de enero del 2020, de modo que el artículo busca exponer lo que el feminismo latinoamericano implica en México con respecto a la materia.
Estimativa do Saldo de Radiação Instantâneo à Superfície para a Cidade de Santarém-PA, Através de Imagens do Landsat 5-TM (Estimation of Radiation Balance Instantaneous Surfacing for the City of Santarém-PA, via Images from Landsat-5 TM)
Authors: Andrade Silvia Cristina de Pádua , Corrêa Jéssica Ariana de Jesus 
Published: April 2021

A estimativa do saldo de radiação (Rn) em ambientes urbanos é de fundamental importância para o entendimento e a quantificação dos impactos que as estruturas presentes nas áreas urbanas causam nas trocas de energia entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar o saldo de radiação instantâneo à superfície no perímetro urbano do município de Santarém, no estado do Pará, utilizando para isto o algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) e duas imagens do satélite Landsat 5 - TM, correspondentes aos dias 02 de agosto de 1999 e 29 de junho de 2010. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as áreas urbanas apresentaram os maiores valores de albedo e temperatura da superfície, e menores valores de NDVI e do saldo de radiação, enquanto que em áreas com vegetação e corpos d’água, estes valores se invertem. Na cena de 1999, os valores mínimo e máximo do Rn foram 296 e 697 W m-2, e para 2010 foram 161 e 682 W m-2, respectivamente. Observou-se uma diminuição no saldo de radiação na imagem de 2010, com maior espacialização de valores compreendidos na faixa entre 472 e 522 W m-2. De modo geral, pode-se atribuir a diminuição do (Rn) encontrado na cena de 2010, a mudança da cobertura do solo e a sazonalidade da radiação solar no momento da passagem do satélite sobre a área em estudo. ABSTRACT: The estimate of net radiation (Rn) in urban environments is of fundamental importance for the understanding and quantification of the structures in urban areas causing the exchange of energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the balance of instantaneous surface radiation in the urban area of the municipality of Santarem, in Para state, using for this purpose the algorithm SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) and two images of Landsat 5 - TM, corresponding to the days August 2, 1999 and June 29, 2010. The results showed that urban areas presented the highest values of albedo and surface temperature, and lower values of NDVI and net radiation, while in areas with vegetation and water bodies, these values are reversed. In the scene of 1999, the minimum and maximum Rn values were 296 and 697 W m-2 respectively, and 2010 were 161 and 682 W m-2, respectively. There was a decrease in net radiation at the picture of 2010 with higher spatial values included in the range between 472 and 522 W m-2. In general, one can attribute the decrease of (Rn) found at the scene of 2010, the change of land cover and seasonality of solar radiation at the time the satellite passed over the area under study. Keywords: urbanization, net radiation, albedo, remote sensing, SEBAL.