bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Droplet Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Wu Yuen , Zhang Haoran , Wang Xiaoqian , Wu Fan , Liu Xiao-Kang , Ma Chunrong , Han Xiao , Ran Yihua , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhang Guozhen , Li Xiyu , Cai Jun , Hong Xun , Liu Zhi , Jiang Jun , Yao Tao , Bouwmeester Henny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solid catalysts play vital roles as heterogeneous catalysts in numerous applications in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, energy, food and automobile industries, facilitating large-scale production and facile product separation. However, conventional heterogeneous catalysts possess three major shortcomings that hinder their wide-spread application, including i) inferior catalytic activity and selectivity caused by a diversity of active sites, ii) tendency towards deactivation caused by agglomeration of catalyst particles, and iii) undesired carbon deposition in transformation of hydrocarbons. 1-4 In this research, we present a new kind of heterogeneous catalyst that consists of a liquid metal with dissolved catalytically active metal atoms, denoted as a heterogeneous droplet catalyst (HDC). Taking galinstan as the liquid metal with Cu as catalytically active metal solute (denoted as Cu-HDC) as an example, we demonstrate that the dissolved Cu atoms promote selective oxidation of methane into primary oxygenates at room temperature with a superb activity of 1940 mmol·gCu-1·h-1 and a selectivity of over 90%, outperforming state-of-the-art industrial catalysts. The liquid metal solvent ensures a high, entropically driven dispersion of the Cu atoms and prevents carbon deposition. The highly promising Cu-HDC catalyst shows a stable operation over 240 hours. By employing in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), near ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and density functional theory (DFT), we show that the narrow d-orbital of the dissolved Cu atoms in HDC facilitates formation of adsorbed methyl radicals *CH3 and impedes their transformation into *CH2 (where the * notation is used to denote an adsorption site) 5,6. These features enhance the selectivity towards primary oxygenates and prevent over-oxidization and formation of C2+ products. As the phase of the HDC is different from those of gas, aqueous and organic solution phases its separation is as facile as that of solid catalysts. Unlike conventional supported catalysts that are designed with well-defined crystal structures, crystal facets and defects, HDCs are characterized by weak interactions between the liquid metal support and the active metal solute, by having mobile surfaces and by dynamic catalytically active centers. These unprecedented features endow HDCs unique adsorption behavior and adaptive activation of molecules. For this reason, HDCs have the potential to become a major category of catalysts in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) has physio-biochemical adaptation to high altitude
Authors: GAHLAWAT GEETA , Kumar Sunil , Lamo Dolker , Bharti Vijay Kumar , Ranjan Puneet , Chaurasia Om Prakash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high altitude region of India is characterized by harsh climatic conditions that may have an adverse impact on growth and metabolic functions of camels. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate different adaptation parameters related to morphological, physio-biochemical and haematological indices in low lander Dromedarian and high lander native Bactrian camels at high altitude. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted so far to evaluate these different adaptation parameters in both breeds of camels to understand their adaptive mechanism in high altitude. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate these adaptation parameters in Dromedarian and Bactrian camels. All morphological parameters were within the normal ranges in both the breeds. However, girth of hump, and skin thickness of shank and abdomen were towards the higher side of normal range in Dromedarian camels The heart rate was significantly high and rectal temperature was low in Dromedarian camels than native Bactrian camels (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the erythrocytes sedimentation rate, lymphocytes and platelets counts were significantly high and above the reference range in Bactrian as compared to Dromedarian(p < 0.05), whereas MCV, leukocytes and neutrophils were towards higher side of normal range in Dromedary. Similarly, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also significantly high, whereas glucose and triglycerides levels were low in native Bactrian as compared to Dromedarian(p < 0.05). These findings suggested that there is species difference in adaptation parameters in response to high altitude. Further, native high lander Bactrian camel having better metabolic adaptation and non-glucose energy substrates dependent metabolism. These parameters could be useful for evaluating their health conditions and load carrying performance for further selection of elite animals as pack animals at high altitude.
Efficacy of an 8-week Bedside Ultrasound Training Program for Surgical Residents in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Im Kyoung Moo , Kim Eun Young 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBedside ultrasound has become one of the most important non-invasive and readily available diagnostic tools especially for critically ill patients. However, the current ultrasound training program is not standardized and is mostly unavailable to all surgical residents equally. The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of our new training program in bedside ultrasound for surgical residents.MethodsPostgraduate residents (years 1 to 4) from the department of general surgery in a tertiary hospital attended the newly designed, 8-week training course in bedside ultrasound for critically ill patients at the surgical intensive care unit. Didactic and experimental lectures in basic ultrasound physics and machine usage were delivered, followed by daily hands-on ultrasound training to patients. Each participant prospectively documented their ultrasound findings and completed self-assessment of ultrasound skills using a Likert scale.Results44 residents were enrolled in the current study and only 36.4% of them were previously exposed to bedside ultrasound experience. Following the course completion, the proficiency levels and the objective structured assessment of ultrasound skill (OSAUS) scores showed significant improvement in all elements (P < 0.001). The mean differences in pre- and post-course score between post-graduate years were recorded, except for proficiency in peritoneal cavity (P = 0.163). Post-hoc analysis revealed that post-graduate year 2 residents showed a higher improvement in most elements. The training program showed improvement in post-course scores, whether or not residents had previous experience.ConclusionsOur results revealed that the knowledge and confidence of surgical residents in bedside ultrasound could be improved via short-term and impact training curriculum. The authors believe that such education should be encouraged for all surgical residents to enhance competency in performing bedside ultrasound evaluation of critically ill patients.
Investigation of Forging Performance for AA6082
Authors: Tunc Ozkan , Kacar Ilyas , Ozturk Fahrettin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
6XXX series aluminum alloys are generally excellent alternatives to steels for many forged parts in aerospace and automotive industries. In this study, the forging performance of the 6082 aluminum alloy is investigated in order to replace the existing material for forged steel parts. The effect of artificial aging of the alloy on the microstructure and mechanical properties is studied. Optimum aging conditions are determined. Results reveal that AA6082 could be a good replacement for applications where shock and vibrational loads exist. The rod end part currently manufactured from AISI1045 can be replaced by AA6082 without any design changes. The major drawback is that the cold forging of the aged alloy is poor due to its brittle nature and crack initiations. Therefore, warm or hot forging is recommended to overcome the poor forgeability.
Movement Kinematics and Cortical Activation in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder During Sway Synchrony Tasks: An fNIRS Study
Authors: Su Wan-Chun , Culotta McKenzie , Tsuzuki Daisuke , Bhat Anjana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties with socially embedded movements such as imitation and interpersonal synchrony (IPS); however, related movement characteristics and underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. Aim: This study compared the movement characteristics and cortical activation patterns of children with and without ASD during a whole-body, sway synchrony task when different levels of social information were provided. Methods: Thirty children with and without ASD (mean age: 12.6 years, SE: 0.6 years) participated. Movement kinematics and fNIRS-based cortical activation were recorded when the child observed an adult tester sway side to side, when they swayed solo, or when they swayed face to face with the tester with or without fingertips touching (i.e., IPS). Results: Children with ASD showed reduced synchrony and insufficient sway amplitude compared to typically developing children without ASD. They showed reduced cortical activation over the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus during IPS and failed to increase their cortical activation when more social information was provided. The cortical activation findings were significantly associated with IPS behaviors and social communication performance. Conclusion: The ASD-related neurobiomarkers identified in our study could be used as objective measures to evaluate intervention effects in children with ASD.
Failure Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Splitting Failure for Deep High Sidewall Cavern Under High Stress
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Qiangyong , Xiang Wen , Yu Guangyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the increase of the depth of the underground engineering, the phenomenon of splitting failure of the deep rock will appear, which is very different from the shallow cavern. In order to reveal the formation mechanism of splitting damage, mechanical model tests and numerical simulations of splitting damage were carried out respectively. Using the Pubugou Hydropower Station as the engineering background, a three-dimensional (3D) geomechanical model test was conducted relying on a high stress three-dimensional load test system. The splitting damage phenomenon of high sidewall cavern was observed, and the oscillation variations of displacement and stress were measured. Based on strain gradient theory and continuum damage mechanics, an elastic-plastic damage softening model for splitting damage was established. The relationship between rock damage and energy dissipation was analyzed. Based on the strain energy density theory, the splitting damage criterion based on the strain gradient is established. A numerical analysis method for splitting damage was proposed, and a regional disintegration calculation program was developed based on a commercial finite element code. The numerical simulation results are in basic agreement with the 3D geomechanical model test.
Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Water Addition on Soil Microbial Metabolic Limitation in Temperate Desert Shrublands
Authors: Li Jiwei , Xie Jiangbo , Zhang Yu , Lingbo Dong , Shangguan Zhouping , Deng Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims Soil microbes play critical roles in regulating the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients, and microbial metabolic limitation should draw more attention in desert ecosystems. However, soil extracellular enzymes activity (EEA) response and microbial metabolic limitation to atmospheric N deposition and increased precipitation in desert-shrubland are still poorly understood. Methods The study examined the effects of long-term (9 year) N and water additions (i.e., 5 g N m−2 yr−1, 30% ambient precipitation increase and their combination) on EEAs and soil microbial resource limitation, as well as explored their controlling factors in the Gurbantunggut Desert in northwestern China. Results The results showed that N and water additions significantly enhanced soil EEAs and considerably aggravated microbial phosphorous (P) limitation. Water addition and the N-water combination addition alleviated carbon (C) limitation, but N addition alone strengthened microbial C limitation. The interaction of N and water additions relieved the negative impact of N addition on soil microbial C limitation, and positively aggravated microbial P limitation. Soil microbial C limitation was primarily driven by soil moisture and organic C concentration, while the soil microbial N/P limitation was chiefly controlled by soil water and available P contents. Conclusions The influences of either N- or water addition alone on desert ecosystem biogeochemical processes may be altered by their concurrent occurrence. Overall, these findings highlight water availability is more effective at modifying microbial metabolisms than N accumulation in desert ecosystems. Altogether, this may help to predict how terrestrial C and nutrient flow could be induced by global change factors..
Experimental and theoretical study of compressive mechanical behavior of red sandstone after heating-cooling treatment
Authors: Li Dejian , Liu Xiaolin , Shao Yiming , Han Chao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate compressive mechanical behaviors of rock materials after different heating-cooling treatments, in this paper, a series of uniaxial compressive experiments are carried out on red sandstone samples after various heating temperature (from 25℃ to 1000℃) and water cooling treatments (10℃) to obtain evolution laws of mechanical property. The evolution laws of peak strength, elastic modulus, primary wave velocity and micro-structure are analyzed in details. And for better reflecting compressive stress-strain behaviors of red sandstone after heating-cooling treatments, based on Caputo variable-order fractional calculus, considering strain correlation and constant strain loading rate, we propose a novel variable-order fractional constitutive model to describe stress-strain behaviors of red sandstone samples after heating-cooling treatments. The validation of proposed model is well verified and a comparative study between proposed variable-order fractional constitutive model and constant-order fractional constitutive model is performed to highlight the advantage of proposed model. The evolutions of mechanical characteristics are revealed by presented varying-order function related to strain and the influence of fitting parameters on stress-strain behaviors are also discussed for deeply comprehending compressive mechanical mechanism of red sandstone after heating-cooling treatments.
Glyoxal Damages Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Perturbing the Glutathione, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways
Authors: Xie Ming-Zhang , Guo Chun , BA Jia-Qi Dong. , Zhang Jie , Sun Ke-Tao , Lu Guang-Jian , Wang Lei , Bo De-Ying , Zhao Guo-An , Jiao Lu-Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Exposure to glyoxal, the smallest dialdehyde, is associated with several diseases; humans are routinely exposed to glyoxal because of its ubiquitous presence in foods and the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the damage caused by glyoxal in human aortic endothelial cells. Methods: Cell survival assays and quantitative fluorescence assays were performed to measure DNA damage; oxidative stress was detected by colorimetric assays and quantitative fluorescence, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were assessed using western blotting. Results: Exposure to glyoxal was found to be linked to abnormal glutathione activity, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. However, DNA damage and thioredoxin oxidation were not induced by dialdehydes. Conclusions: Intracellular glutathione, members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and the mitochondrial membrane potential are all critical targets of glyoxal. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms perturbed by glyoxal and may facilitate the development of new therapeutics and diagnostic markers for cardiovascular diseases.
Immunological repertoire linked to PSTPIP1-associated myeloid-related inflammatory (PAMI) syndrome
Authors: Mendonca Leonardo Oliveira , Terreri Maria Teresa , Osaku Fabiane Mitie , Barros Samar Freschi , Köhler Karen Francine , Prado Alex Isidoro , Barros Myrthes Toledo , Kalil Jorge , Castro Fabio Fernandes Morato 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Mutations along PSTPIP1 gene are associated to two specific conditions, PAPA syndrome and PAMI syndrome, both autoinflammatory disorders associated to disturbances in cytoskeleton formation. Immunological aspects of PAMI syndrome has not yet been reported neither the clinical impact on therapeutical decisions.Methods: Clinical data of patients records were retrospectively accessed. Genomic DNA were extracted and sequenced following standard procedures. Peripheral lymphocytes were quantified in T, B e FOXP3 phenotypes.Results: We describe two related patients with PAMI syndrome harboring the usual E250K mutation. Anti-IL1 therapy could partially control the disease in the index patient. A broad spectrum of immunological effects as well as an aberrant expression of FOXP3 could be observed.Conclusions. Here we report two related brazilian patients with PAMI syndromes harboring the E250K mutation in PSTPIP1, their immunological aspects and the therapeutical response to canakinumab.
Selection and Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR&nbsp;Analysis in Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus&nbsp;
Authors: Liu Yaning , Zhou Jiao , Zhang Hongxia , Ahmad Faheem , Fan Jianting , Ren Lili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful technique for studying gene expression, and it is widely used in molecular biology and genetic research. The key to quantitative accuracy depends on the stability of the reference genes used for data normalization under different experimental conditions. The pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the causal agent of a devastating disease, the pine wood disease (PWD), demanding extensive and prompt research to understand the molecular mechanism of PWD, but the identification of reference PWN genes for standardized RT-qPCR has not been reported yet. In this study, we have analyzed eight candidate reference genes of PWN under different temperature conditions and at different developmental stages. Delta Ct method, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder algorithms were used to evaluate the expression stability of these genes. 18SrRNA and HIS were selected for gene expression research under temperature treatments, while EF1γ and 18SrRNA for gene expression studies across different developmental stages. In general, the results indicate that 18SrRNA is the most stable gene for RT-qPCR under different conditions. Finally, we use arginine kinase gene (AK) in different temperature and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in different developmental stages to confirm the stability of expression. The systematic analysis of qRT-PCR reference gene selection of B. xylophilus will be helpful for future functional analysis and exploration of genetic resources of B. xylophilus.
BMI Trajectory In Relation to Cause-Specific Mortality In Taiwan’s Adult Population.
Authors: Chiu Po-Wei , Yu Tsung , Kukreti Shikha , Strong Carol 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: A dynamic change in weight over time has been known as an important factor that impacts mortality risk. However, it is currently unknown how the dynamic change of body mass index (BMI) contributes to the cause-specific mortality risk.Methods: In this cohort study, we obtained data from a large prospective cohort study in Taiwan between 1998 and 2019, which was linked to National Death Registry for death information. The database accumulated 290,279 participants who were born before 1977. We excluded those who were less than 40 years old at 1998 (n=51,731), less than two waves follow-up (n=145,270), and who had ever been diagnosed at baseline with any of the following self-reported conditions: cancer, stroke (n=3392) with a final 89,886 participants.Results: This study shows that different trajectories are associated with mortality suggests that the mortality risk differs in each trajectory group and in each age and gender stratification. It appears that obesity is a protective factor in cancer-related mortality in females but not in males in the group of old age; low-normal weight is a risk factor in respiratory-related mortality in all participants.Conclusions: Our findings can be used to define the appropriate BMI in each age and gender groups and thereby earlier health interventions can be taken to avoid mortality.
Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase Contributes to Successful Tardigrade Anhydrobiosis
Authors: Wojciechowska Daria , Karachitos Andonis , Roszkowska Milena , Rzeźniczak Wiktor , Sobkowiak Robert , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Kosicki Jakub Ziemowit , Kmita Hanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Anhydrobiosis can be described as an adaptation to lack of water that enables some organisms, including tardigrades, to survive extreme conditions, even some that do not exist on Earth. The cellular mechanisms underlying anhydrobiosis are still not completely explained including the putative contribution of mitochondrial proteins. Since mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX), described as a drought response element in plants, was recently proposed for various invertebrates including tardigrades, we investigated whether AOX is involved in successful anhydrobiosis of tardigrades. Milnesium inceptum was used as a model for the study. We confirmed functionality of M. inceptum AOX and estimated its contribution to the tardigrade revival after anhydrobiosis of different durations. We observed that AOX activity was particularly important for M. inceptum revival after the long-term tun stage but did not affect the rehydration stage specifically. The results may contribute to our understanding and then application of anhydrobiosis underlying mechanisms.
Role of the New Bioimpedance Monitoring Device (Seca®) and Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Assessing Volume Status in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Watanabe Kimio , Ito Yugo , Fujimaru Takuya , Nagahama Masahiko , Taki Fumika , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background There is no evidence on how to use the information from bioimpedance analysis (BIA) devices in clinical management, including setting of target dry weight (DW), or improving outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Here, we investigate preferable cut off values of fluid status (extracellular water/total body water ratio; ECW/TBW) detected by a new and more accurate BIA device (Seca®) in 78 HD patients. Results Patients with an ECW/TBW of more than 45% and human atrial natriuretic peptide (HANP) value of > 50 pg/mL had a higher blood pressure and cardio-thoracic ratio on chest x-ray examination.Conclusions Our results suggests that ECW/TBW of more than 45% and HANP value of > 50 pg/mL were overhydrated and had a worse prognosis.