bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for a twist: probing the cosmological gravitomagnetic effect via weak lensing-kSZ cross-correlations
Authors: Barrera-Hinojosa Cristian , Li Baojiu , Cai Yan-Chuan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
General relativity predicts that the rotational momentum flux of matter twists the space–time via a vector gravitomagnetic (frame-dragging) field, which remains undetected in cosmology. This vector field induces an additional gravitational lensing effect; at the same time, the momentum field sources the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect. The common origin of these two effects allows us to probe the gravitomagnetic signal via their cross-correlations. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detecting the gravitomagnetic field in Λ cold dark matter by cross-correlating the weak-lensing convergence field with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature map, which is imprinted with the kSZ signal. This approach allows us to extract the gravitomagnetic effect because the cross-correlation between the standard Newtonian contribution to the weak-lensing convergence field, $\kappa _\Phi$, and the kSZ effect is expected to vanish. We study the cross-correlations with a suite of large-volume Newtonian N-body simulations and a small-volume, high-resolution, general-relativistic counterpart. We show that insufficient simulation resolution can introduce significant spurious correlations between $\kappa _\Phi$ and kSZ. From the high-resolution simulation, we find that the cumulative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the kSZ-gravitomagnetic convergence field can reach almost 15 (30) at ℓ ≃ 5000 (104) for the lensing source redshift zs = 0.83, if only cosmic variance is considered. We make forecast for next-generation lensing surveys such as euclid and lsst, and CMB experiments such as Simons Observatory and cmb-s4, and find that, for zs = 1.4, the cumulative SNR can exceed 5 (9) at ℓ ≃ 5000 (104), indicating that the cosmological gravitomagnetic effect can be detected, if several foreground contaminations can be removed.
The morphology of the ejecta of SN 1987A at 31 yr from 1150 to 10 000 Å
Authors: Kangas T , Fransson C , Larsson J , France K , Chevalier R A , Kirshner R P , Lundqvist P , Mattila S , Sollerman J , Utrobin V P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present spectroscopy of the ejecta of SN 1987A in 2017 and 2018 from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope, covering the wavelength range between 1150 and $10\, 000$ Å. At 31 yr, this is the first epoch with coverage over the ultraviolet-to-near-infrared range since 1995. We create velocity maps of the ejecta in the H α, Mg ii λλ2796, 2804 and [O i] λλ6302, 6366 (vacuum) emission lines and study their morphology. All three lines have a similar morphology, but Mg ii is blueshifted by ∼1000 km s−1 relative to the others and stronger in the north-west. We also study the evolution of the line fluxes, finding a brightening by a factor of ∼9 since 1999 in Mg ii, while the other line fluxes are similar in 1999 and 2018. We discuss implications for the power sources of emission lines at late times: thermal excitation due to heating by the X-rays from the ejecta–ring interaction is found to dominate the ultraviolet Mg ii lines, while the infrared Mg ii doublet is powered mainly by Ly α fluorescence. The X-ray deposition is calculated based on merger models of SN 1987A. Far-ultraviolet emission lines of H2 are not detected. Finally, we examine the combined spectrum of recently discovered hotspots outside the equatorial ring. Their unresolved Balmer emission lines close to zero velocity are consistent with the interaction of fast ejecta and a clumpy, slowly moving outflow. A clump of emission in this spectrum, south of the equatorial ring at ∼1500 km s−1, is likely associated with the reverse shock.
Nonalternating purine pyrimidine sequences can form stable left-handed DNA duplex by strong topological constraint
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Yaping , Ma Wanzhi , Chen Hui , Liu Mengqin , An Ran , Cheng Bingxiao , Liang Xingguo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In vivo, left-handed DNA duplex (usually refers to Z-DNA) is mainly formed in the region of DNA with alternating purine pyrimidine (APP) sequence and plays significant biological roles. It is well known that d(CG)n sequence can form Z-DNA most easily under negative supercoil conditions, but its essence has not been well clarified. The study on sequence dependence of Z-DNA stability is very difficult without modification or inducers. Here, by the strong topological constraint caused by hybridization of two complementary short circular ssDNAs, left-handed duplex part was generated for various sequences, and their characteristics were investigated by using gel-shift after binding to specific proteins, CD and Tm analysis, and restriction enzyme cleavage. Under the strong topological constraint, non-APP sequences can also form left-handed DNA duplex as stable as that of APP sequences. As compared with non-APP sequences, the thermal stability difference for APP sequences between Z-form and B-form is smaller, which may be the reason that Z-DNA forms preferentially for APP ones. This result can help us to understand why nature selected APP sequences to regulate gene expression by transient Z-DNA formation, as well as why polymer with chirality can usually form both duplexes with left- or right-handed helix.
Health Effects of Tobacco at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: Results From the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: He Hairong , Pan Zhenyu , Wu Jiayuan , Hu Chuanyu , Bai Ling , Lyu Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose was to quantify the health effects of tobacco using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.

Aims and Methods
We collected detailed information on tobacco consumption overall as well as its individual aspects (smoking, secondhand smoke, and chewing tobacco) for the deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for all-cause disease, cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and chronic respiratory diseases, and their age-standardized rates (ASRs).

Results
Tobacco was responsible for 8.71 million deaths and 229.77 million DALYs globally in 2019. The ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs declined from 1990 to 2019, to 108.55 deaths per 100 000 population and 2791.04 DALYs per 100 000 population in 2019. During any year the ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs were higher in males than in females. The ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs were highest in countries with a low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) and lowest in high-SDI countries in 2019. Cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and chronic respiratory diseases were the three leading causes of tobacco-related mortality.

Conclusions
Although the ASRs of deaths and DALYs related to tobacco have declined, the absolute number remain high. Tobacco control policies need to be strengthened further in order to reduce the heavy health burden of tobacco.

Implications
This study provides a detailed description on the health effects of tobacco, including maps of the current global burden of tobacco-related disease. Although the ASRs of tobacco-related deaths and DALYs have declined, the absolute numbers remain high—tobacco was responsible for 8.71 million deaths and 229.77 million DALYs globally in 2019. The findings may have implications for tobacco control. Countries where progress has been slower in reducing tobacco-related disease burden should study and consider implementing policies and strategies that have been applied in countries like Singapore which show the greatest declines for recent decades.
Cupid’s Invisible Hand: Social Surplus and Identification in Matching Models
Authors: Galichon Alfred , Salanié Bernard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate a model of one-to-one matching with transferable utility and general unobserved heterogeneity. Under a separability assumption that generalizes Choo and Siow (2006, Journal of Political Economy, 114, 175–201), we first show that the equilibrium matching maximizes a social gain function that trades off exploiting complementarities in observable characteristics and matching on unobserved characteristics. We use this result to derive simple closed-form formulae that identify the joint matching surplus and the equilibrium utilities of all participants, given any known distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. We provide efficient algorithms to compute the stable matching and to estimate parametric versions of the model. Finally, we revisit Choo and Siow’s empirical application to illustrate the potential of our more general approach.
Pirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil
Authors: Tschá Marcel Kruchelski , Suzukawa Andreia A , Rodrigues-Luiz Gabriela Flavia , da Silva Allan Martins , Cataneo Allan Henrique Depieri , Mattoso Coelho Gabriela , Ferreira Adão Celestino , Soares Medeiros Lia Carolina , Mansur Daniel , Zanluca Camila , Duarte dos Santos Claudia N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Genomic and epidemiological surveillance are paramount for the discovery of new viruses with the potential to cross species barriers. Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Piraí do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and codon usage balance compatible with several hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed PIRAV basal to the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. Genome analyses, electron microscopy, and biological characterization show findings that may alert for the emergence of a new arbovirus in South America.
Shared Inherited Genetics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Glaser Alexander , Shi Zhuqing , Wei Jun , Lanman Nadia A. , Ladson-Gary Skylar , Vickman Renee E , Franco Omar E. , Crawford Susan E. , Zheng S. Lilly , Hayward Simon W. , Isaacs William B. , Helfand Brian T. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial, largely due to inherent detection bias in traditional observational studies. The objective of this study is to assess their association using inherited SNPs.MethodsSubjects were White men from the large population-based UK Biobank (UKB). Association between BPH and PCa was tested: 1) phenotypical correlation using chi-square test, 2) genetic correlation (rg) based on 1,126,841 polymorphic SNPs across the genome using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR), and 3) cross-disease genetic associations based on known risk-associated SNPs (15 for BPH and 239 for PCa), individually and cumulatively as measured by genetic risk score (GRS).FindingsAmong 214,717 White men in the UKB, 24,623 (11.47%) and 14,311 (6.67%) had a diagnosis of BPH and PCa, respectively. Diagnoses of these two diseases were significantly correlated, χ2=1862.80, P<1E-299. A significant genetic correlation was found, rg (95% confidence interval (CI))=0.27 (0.15-0.39), P=9.17E-06. In addition, significant cross-disease genetic associations for established risk-associated SNPs were also found. Among the 250 established GWAS-significant SNPs of PCa or BPH, 51 were significantly associated with risk of the other disease at P<0.05, significantly more than expected by chance (N=12), P=3.04E-7 (χ2-test). Furthermore, significant cross-disease GRS associations were also found; GRSBPH was significantly associated with PCa risk (odds ratio (OR)=1.26 (1.18-1.36), P=1.62E-10), and GRSPCa was significantly associated with BPH risk (OR=1.03 (1.02-1.04), P=8.57E-06). Moreover, GRSBPH was significantly and inversely associated with lethal PCa risk in a PCa case-case analysis (OR=0.58 (0.41-0.81), P=1.57E-03). In contrast, GRSPCa was not significantly associated with lethal PCa (OR=0.99 (0.94-1.04), P=0.79).InterpretationBPH and PCa share common inherited genetics which suggests the phenotypical association of these two diseases in observational studies is not entirely caused by detection bias. This novel finding may have implications in disease etiology and risk stratification.FundingNone.
Impact Of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w On Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Arunachalam Jaganath , Saifullah Ashraf , Lakhchaura Rohit , Tailor Dhanir , Mehta Anupama , Bhagawati Gitali , Aiyer Hemamalini , Khamar Bakulesh , Malhotra Sanjay V. , Chakrabarti Suparno 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of NKG2C+adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A+inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of health-care workers following administration of heat killedMycobacterium w(Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, COVID-19 correlated with a lower NKG2C+ANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in Mw group (p=0.0009), particularly in those with lower baseline NKG2C expression, along with downregulation of iNK cells (p<0.0001). This translated to a significant reduction in incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Mw group (IRR-0.15, p=0.0004). RNA-seq analysis at 6 months showed an upregulation of ANK pathway genes and an enhanced ANK mediated ADCC signature. Thus, Mw was observed to have a salutary impact on the ANK cell profile and a long-term upregulation of ANK-ADCC pathways, which could have provided protection against COVID-19 in a non-immune high-risk population.
Persistence of strain in filament-motor assemblies
Authors: Gopinath Arvind , Chelakkot Raghunath , Mahadevan L 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe spatial extent to which elastic deformations of cross-linked filaments persist in noisy active environments and the associated decay length plays a fundamental role in many biological settings. Here, we study the mechanical response of an active ordered composite comprised of elastic filaments sheared by active motors. We compare results from Brownian multi-particle collision dynamics-based numerical simulations for actively driven deformations of noisy and moderately soft composites with theoretical predictions from a mean-field theory valid in the noiseless and weakly elastic limit. Surprisingly, several qualitative features predicted by the noise-less mean field model are seen even in strongly noisy simulations. We find, from both theory and simulations, that even when extensibility is negligible locally, it cannot be ignored when considering global deformation fields. This is because the length scale over which extensional deformations persist is controlled by the competition between passive elasticity of the filament and active effective shear stiffening due to attached motors and other crosslinks. Specifically, for fixed motor kinetics and properties, the decay length of extensional deformations is controlled by the ratio of the passive elastic modulus of the composite to an effective active, motor generated shear modulus. For steady strains, the length scale is surprisingly independent of motor activity except when motors are in a state of rigor. For oscillatory strains, the persistence length may be varied strongly by changing the frequency of forcing. When the effect of noise is dominant, the strain fields on the filament becomes uncorrelated. Our study demonstrates how correlated activity in natural ordered active matter possesses a finite range of influence with testable experimental implications.
Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome features for myositis
Authors: Li Yimin , Xu Jun , Li Zijun , Guo Yixue , Xing Xiaoyan , Cao Shixiong , Zhufeng Yunzhi , Wang Ziye , Li Ruoxi , Lu Dan , Liu Xu , He Jing , Li Yuhui , Sun Xiaolin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical relevance and pathogenic role of gut microbiome in both myositis and its associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gut microbiome in myositis through comprehensive metagenomic-wide association studies (MWAS).MethodsWe conducted MWAS of the myositis gut microbiome in a Chinese cohort by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing of high depth, including 30 myositis patients and 31 healthy controls (HC). Among the myositis patients, 11 developed rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and 10 had chronic ILD (C-ILD). Our MWAS consisted of both overall distribution level of the bacteria analysis and pathway analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to identify novel gut bacterial species associated with myositis or myositis-associated RP-ILD, and to evaluate their diagnostic values.ResultsApparent discrepancy in β diversities of metagenome was found in the comparison of myositis and HC, RP-ILD and C-ILD in myositis. Analysis for overall distribution level of the bacteria showed Alistipes onderdonkii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Lachnospiraceae bacterium GAM79, Roseburia intestinalis, and Akkermansia muciniphila were downregulated in patients with myositis compared to HC. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis and Escherichia coli were upregulated, Bacteroides A1C1 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were downregulated in RP-ILD cases compared with C-ILD cases. A variety of biological pathways related to metabolism were enriched in the myositis and HC, RP-ILD and C-ILD comparison. And in the analyses for microbial contribution in metagenomic biological pathways, we have found that E. coli played an important role in the pathway expression in both myositis group and myositis-associated RP-ILD group. Anti-PL-12 antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-EJ antibody were found to have positive correlation with bacterial diversity (Shannon-wiener diversity index and Chao1, richness estimator) between myositis group and control groups. The combination of E. coli and R. intestinalis could distinguish myositis group from Healthy controls effectively. R. intestinalis can also be applied in the distinguishment of RP-ILD group vs. C-ILD group in myositis paitents.ConclusionOur MWAS study first revealed the link between gut microbiome and pathgenesis of myositis, which may help us understand the role of gut microbiome in the etiology of myositis and myositis-associated RP-ILD.
Home monitoring of HbA1c in diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and narrative synthesis on reliability, accuracy, and patient acceptability
Authors: Colley Jack , Dambha-Miller Hajira , Stuart Beth , Bartholomew Jazz , Price Hermione 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionWorldwide there are an estimated 463 million people with diabetes. [1] In the UK people with diabetes are offered an annual review including monitoring of Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). [2] [3] This can identify people with diabetes who are not meeting their glycaemic targets, enabling early intervention. Those who do not attend these reviews often have higher HbA1c levels and poorer health outcomes. [4] During the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a 77% reduction in monitoring of HbA1c in the UK. [5] We hypothesise that people with diabetes could take finger-prick samples at home for the measurement of HbA1c.Method and AnalysisWe will perform a systematic review of current evidence for capillary blood collected at home for the measurement of HbA1c. We will examine the validity, reliability, safety, and patient acceptability of the use of capillary blood compared with the usual standard of care of venous blood. We will explore variables which affect validity of results. Using core terms of ‘Diabetes’, ‘HbA1c’ and ‘Capillary sampling’ we will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, Open Grey and other grey literature from database inception until 2021. Risk of bias will be assessed using the ‘COSMIN risk of bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability and measurement error’. Database searches and data extraction for primary outcomes will be conducted in duplicate. We will produce a narrative synthesis exploring how variables of capillary blood collection impact on validity, as well as exploring the safety and acceptability of patient self-collection.Ethics and DisseminationThis review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed open-access journal. We will present our results at both national and international conferences. As a systematic review with no primary participant data or involvement, ethical approval is not applicable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021225606Strengths and limitations of this studyTo our knowledge this is the first systematic review to explore all postal methods of capillary blood collection for the measurement of HbA1c.This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, which offers transparency and enhances reproducibility.Due to anticipated heterogeneity in statistical approaches, summary analyses, sample storage, transportation, extraction, and assay, meta-analysis is unlikely to be appropriate and therefore narrative synthesis will be used.Due to the exclusion criteria, our findings may not be generalisable to a wider population including children, and those with haemoglobinopathies, high erythrocyte turnover or other conditions likely to affect HbA1c result.
Organizational health between theory and practice field research in the General Company for Petroleum Products
Authors: Taher Majeed Hameed , Muhsen Namariq Abdulkareem , Hameed Luma Majid 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to measure the basic foundations of organizational health in the General Company for Food Products and to indicate the extent of its presence or not within the company under investigation.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was completed using a descriptive and analytical approach using a sample of 97 employees from the General Company for Petroleum Products. Calculating the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and confirmatory factor analysis are all part of the data processing process.

Findings
The basic components of organization health are present in the General Company for Petroleum Products, but they have not reached high levels to be called regulatory health.

Originality/value
The findings of this study can provide important information about the impact of basic organizational health components on the general level of companies, particularly the General Company for Oil Products and its prominent role in its leadership in strengthening the organizational climate with a healthy, pressure-free environment that contributes to raising employee and organizational performance levels.