bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the sustainable development gap: A global study of goal interactions
Authors: Linnerud Kristin , Holden Erling , Simonsen Morten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMeeting one sustainable development goal on human needs, social justice, or environmental limits can make it harder (or easier) to meet others. The extent to which countries succeed in reconciling these goals is context specific but depends largely on how we organize society and on what policy options and strategies we use. We present a model for sustainable development consisting of six indicators and assign thresholds that define a sustainable development space. The distances between the indicator values and their corresponding thresholds constitute the sustainable development gap. We then apply a cluster analysis technique to group 117 countries into six clusters that face similar challenges in closing this gap. Finally, we use illustrative spider web diagrams to assess the performance of these clusters at two points in time. We show that some countries have clearly been better than others at reconciling these goals, and many have reduced their sustainable development gap over time.
Relationship between human capital, new venture ideas, and opportunity beliefs: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Canavati Sergio , Libaers Dirk , Wang Tang , Hooshangi Soheil , Sarooghi Hessam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch summaryWe meta‐analyze the structural relationship between human capital, the ability to generate new venture ideas, and the favorability of opportunity beliefs to address divergent theoretical predictions and inconsistent empirical findings. We test a two‐stage process model of entrepreneurial opportunity identification, distinguishing between the ability to generate new venture ideas and the favorability of third and first‐person opportunity beliefs. We also distinguish between two categories of human capital: general and specific human capital. Our results suggest that general and specific human capital are positively associated with the ability to generate new venture ideas. Furthermore, only specific human capital matters in influencing the favorability of opportunity beliefs, yet the ability to generate new venture ideas is far more important than human capital for the favorability of opportunity beliefs.Managerial summaryHow does an individual's human capital relate to the attractiveness of opportunities identified? In this study, we review the body of literature on this topic and analyze the relationships between two types of human capital—general and specific human capital, the ability to generate new venture ideas, and the attractiveness of opportunities. We find that both general human capital—primarily education and work experience—and specific human capital—industry and entrepreneurial experience—are useful for generating new venture ideas. However, only specific human capital is useful when assessing which new venture ideas can turn into attractive opportunities. We also find that the ability to generate new venture ideas is more strongly associated with the attractiveness of opportunities than either type of human capital.
An Update of Synthetic Approaches and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Various Classes of Human MAO‐B Inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Singh Manjinder , Mathew Bijo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe selective MAO‐B inhibition is greatly influenced by the degradation pathways of various biogenic amines. So the design and development of diverse class of MAO‐B inhibitors are considered as an effective adjuvant therapy of various neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies documented that introduction of an electron rich linker between two aryl or heteroaryl rings explored as a promising structural framework of the inhibition of MAO‐B. The electrophilicity and flexibility character of the linker can anchor different orientation of binding mode in both entrance and substrate cavity of MAO‐B. The current review focus on the design aspect, synthetic route and structure activity relationships (SARs) various class of selective MAO‐B inhibitors like chalcones, coumarins, chromones, pyrazolines, xanthines, isatins, FDA approved analogs etc.
Synthesis and Magneto‐Structural Study of Distorted Octahedral CoII Complexes with Picolinamide and Azide (μ1,1)‐Bridge
Authors: Pastor‐Ramírez Cándida , Zamorano‐Ulloa Rafael , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Hernández‐Anzaldo Samuel , Reyes‐Ortega Yasmi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo compounds [Co2(pa)2(μ1,1‐N3)2]n (1) and [Co4(pa)6(μ1,1‐N3)6] (2), (pa=picolinamide) were obtained and studied by electronic and magnetic spectroscopies. 1 is a polymer and 2 is a tetramer of mixed‐valence CoII/III. The N3− anions act as bridges between cobalt ions in the μ1,1 coordination mode. UV‐Vis spectrum analysis showed the octahedral distortion of the compounds. ESR solution spectra revealed a low‐spin ground state, s=1/2 (
) for CoII. The energy gap was J>
between levels,
to
, of 2; consequently, its transition would not be observed. 1 showed zero‐field splitting of the excited level
with D∼0.31 cm−1. Hyperfine (59Co, I=7/2) and superhyperfine (14N, I=1) couplings were observed. Magnetic susceptibility studies (3–300 K) revealed antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in 1 and 2 with exchange coupling constants, J1=−108 cm−1 and J2=−20 cm−1, g=2 and s=
, for the Co(2)‐Co(2) magnetic exchange pathways.
New Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking of Bicyclic Phloroglucinol Derivatives
Authors: Yan Pei , Lai Qingfu , Li Ming , Jin Xiaobao , Wie Gao , Chen Weiqiang , Ye Lianbao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBicyclic phloroglucinol is a phenolic compound which mainly exist in Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott with antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, antifungal and antitumor activity. Although a series of anticancer agents target various tumors under clinical trials, different limitations hinder their clinical development and novel targeting chemical agents are required. Herein, we have made a number of modifications around the scaffold of the phloroglucinol. The results of antitumor activities reveal that compound A5 against A549 cells and compound A3 against HepG2 and McF‐7 cells were best with a degree of concentration dependence, which stronger than that of positive control 5‐FU, and compound A3 and A5 display lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. The molecule docking studies indicate protein Bcl‐xl and Mcl‐12 may be a potential target of these compounds. In general, A3 and A5 with potent binding affinity and good efficacy have the potential to develop into antitumor lead compounds which also deserve further study.
Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyridinone Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant/Anticancer Activities
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Ghaith Eslam A. , Ibrahim Mona E. , Sawamura Masaya , Zoorob Hanafi H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simple approach was applied for the regioselective synthesis of various pyridine‐2‐one derivatives or annulated pyridine as novel heterocyclic systems from the reaction of dehydroacetic acid (DHA) with mono‐ or bidentate nucleophile as with benzylamine and/or phenylenediamines in dichloromethane followed by transformation with different halo‐compounds in refluxing 1,4‐dioxane has been achieved in moderate to excellent yields (48‐93 %). In addition, DFT studies of the key synthesized compounds were carried out for confirmed proposed mechanisms. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in‐vitro inhibition activities against mammary gland breast cancer (MCF‐7) and human prostate cancer (PC‐3) using the MTT colorimetric method. Also, the target synthesized compounds were evaluated as antioxidant agents.
Long‐Range Surface‐Assisted Molecule‐Molecule Hybridization
Authors: Castelli Marina , Hellerstedt Jack , Krull Cornelius , Gicev Spiro , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. , Usman Muhammad , Schiffrin Agustin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetalated phthalocyanines (Pc's) are robust and versatile molecular complexes, whose properties can be tuned by changing their functional groups and central metal atom. The electronic structure of magnesium Pc (MgPc)—structurally and electronically similar to chlorophyll—adsorbed on the Ag(100) surface is investigated by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, non‐contact atomic force microscopy, and density functional theory. Single, isolated MgPc's exhibit a flat, fourfold rotationally symmetric morphology, with doubly degenerate, partially populated (due to surface‐to‐molecule electron transfer) lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). In contrast, MgPc's with neighbouring molecules in proximity undergo a lift of LUMOs degeneracy, with a near‐Fermi local density of states with reduced twofold rotational symmetry, indicative of a long‐range attractive intermolecular interaction. The latter is assigned to a surface‐mediated two‐step electronic hybridization process. First, LUMOs interact with Ag(100) conduction electrons, forming hybrid molecule‐surface orbitals with enhanced spatial extension. Then, these delocalized molecule‐surface states further hybridize with those of neighbouring molecules. This work highlights how the electronic structure of molecular adsorbates—including orbital degeneracies and symmetries—can be significantly altered via surface‐mediated intermolecular hybridization, over extended distances (beyond 3 nm), having important implications for prospects of molecule‐based solid‐state technologies.
Immune Cell Membrane‐Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Oroojalian Fatemeh , Beygi Mohammad , Baradaran Behzad , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has provided great opportunities for managing neoplastic conditions at various levels, from preventive and diagnostic to therapeutic fields. However, when it comes to clinical application, nanoparticles (NPs) have some limitations in terms of biological stability, poor targeting, and rapid clearance from the body. Therefore, biomimetic approaches, utilizing immune cell membranes, are proposed to solve these issues. For example, macrophage or neutrophil cell membrane coated NPs are developed with the ability to interact with tumor tissue to suppress cancer progression and metastasis. The functionality of these particles largely depends on the surface proteins of the immune cells and their preserved function during membrane extraction and coating process on the NPs. Proteins on the outer surface of immune cells can render a wide range of activities to the NPs, including prolonged blood circulation, remarkable competency in recognizing antigens for enhanced targeting, better cellular interactions, gradual drug release, and reduced toxicity in vivo. In this review, nano‐based systems coated with immune cells‐derived membranous layers, their detailed production process, and the applicability of these biomimetic systems in cancer treatment are discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges for their clinical translation are also presented.
Biodegradable Silica‐Based Nanotheranostics for Precise MRI/NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging and Self‐Reinforcing Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Zheng Ziliang , Jia Zhuo , Qu Chunrong , Dai Rong , Qin Yufei , Rong Shuo , Liu Yulong , Cheng Zhen , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMulti‐modality cancer diagnosis techniques based on the second near‐infrared window fluorescence (NIR‐II FL, 1000–1700 nm) imaging have become the focus of research attention. For such multimodality probes, how to take advantage of the tumor microenvironments (TME) characteristics to better image diseases and combine efficient therapeutics to achieve theranostics is still a big challenge. Herein, a novel TME‐activated nanosystem (FMSN‐MnO2‐BCQ) employing degradable silica‐based nanoplatform is designed, adjusting the ratio of intratumoral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/glutathione (GSH) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/NIR‐II FL imaging and self‐reinforcing chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Innovative bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐modified fusiform‐like mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSN) is fabricated as a carrier for NIR‐II small molecule (CQ4T) and MRI reporter MnO2. Remarkably, the BSA modification helped to achieve the dual‐functions of high biocompatibility and enhance NIR‐II fluorescence. The FMSN‐MnO2‐BCQ with FMSN framework featuring a stepwise degradability in tumor interior released MnO2 and BCQ nanoparticles. Through the specific degradation of MnO2 by the TME, the produced Mn2+ ions are effectively exerted Fenton‐like activity to generate hydroxyl radical (•OH) from endogenous H2O2 to eradicate tumor cells. More importantly, the GSH depletion due to the synergistic effect of tetrasulfide bond and MnO2 in turn induced the oxidative cytotoxicity for self‐reinforcing CDT.
Performance‐enhancement of high‐strength strain‐hardening cementitious composite by nano‐particles: Mechanism and property characterization
Authors: Ding Yao , Yu Kequan , Mao Weihao , Zhang Shuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNano‐SiO2 (NS), due to its prominent nucleation and pozzolanic effects, holds the promise to effectively enhance the tensile and compressive properties of high‐strength strain‐hardening cementitious composite (HS‐SHCC) at both early age (1d, 3d) and normal curing age (28d). The influence of nano‐SiO2 (NS) on the hydration, microstructure and mechanical properties of HS‐SHCC with different dosages (i.e., 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by mass of cement) were explored in this research. The nucleation effect of NS particles accelerated the hydration process, and the pozzolanic reaction tended to improve the hydration degree of matrix at the micro‐scale. The addition of NS particles decreased the porosity and refined the pore structure of the matrix. Single‐fiber pullout tests (meso‐scale) showed a remarkable improvement of interfacial bond stress with the incorporation of NS particles and consequently on the macro‐scale mechanical strengths enhancement of HS‐SHCC. The linkage between meso‐ and macro‐scale properties was established based on the micro‐mechanical model. The combination of filler effect, acceleration effect and pozzolanic reaction of NS particles enhanced the microstructures and mechanical properties of HS‐SHCC. The increase in compressive and tensile strength of NS‐modified HS‐SHCC could reach to 45% (1d) and 30% (1d), respectively, compared to those values of the reference specimen without NS addition. This research provided an effective way to enhance the tensile performance of HS‐SHCC, especially for the early‐age tensile property.
Is Solanum fructu‐tecto validly published? Article 23 and epithets in the ablative case
Authors: Garland Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBoth botanical tradition and codes of nomenclature have held that specific epithets that are Latin phrases in the ablative case are unacceptable. Solanum fructu‐tecto, in Article 60 Example 41, has an epithet that is a phrase in the ablative case, so it too should be unacceptable. But because Article 23 now apparently prohibits only nomina specifica legitima (the polynomial phrase names, usually in the ablative case, used by Linnaeus and other early botanists), the status of Solanum fructu‐tecto and of other names with binomial epithets (Linnaeus's nomina trivialia) in the ablative case is unclear. The Code should return to tradition and prohibit specific epithets in the ablative case.
Bioactive 1,2,3‐Triazoles: An Account on their Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Biological Applications
Authors: da S. M. Forezi Luana , Lima Carolina G. S. , Amaral Adriane A. P. , Ferreira Patricia G. , de Souza Maria Cecília B. V. , Cunha Anna C. , de C. da Silva Fernando , Ferreira Vitor F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe triazole heterocycle is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, since its structure is present in a large number of biologically active molecules, including several drugs currently in the market. Due to their vast applications, a wide variety of methods are described for their preparation, such as the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and processes involving diazo compounds and diazo transfer reactions. Considering the significant number of contributions from our research group to this chemistry in recent decades, in this account we discuss both the development of new methods for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles and the preparation of new triazole‐functionalized biologically active molecules using classical approaches.
Coefficients Quantization for SeparableTwo‐Dimensional FIRFilter
Authors: Li Weiqi , Wang Hao , Cheng Xinmin , Guo Chunsheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA separable two‐dimensional (2‐D) finite impulse response (FIR) filter can be implemented using an efficient parallel structure. The continuous coefficient separable 2‐D FIR filter has already been well studied. In this study, the quantization of the coefficients of a separable 2‐D FIR filter is addressed for the first time. Two (iterative) schemes [two‐step integer linear programming algorithm (2‐step‐integer‐LP) and two‐step integer linear programming neighborhood search algorithm (2‐step‐integer‐LP‐neighbor)] for quantizing the coefficients are proposed, which have the same core idea: fixing some coefficients and optimally quantizing the other coefficients. Simulation experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed quantization schemes. The experimental results reveal that the two schemes both outperform the direct rounding method in terms of the design error. 2‐Step‐integer‐LP performs slightly better than 2‐step‐integer‐LP‐neighbor. However, the former may not work, in some case, due to the large number of optimization variables. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sanguinarine improved nutrient digestibility, hepatic health indices and productive performance in laying hens fed low crude protein diets
Authors: Bavarsadi Masoumeh , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Ansari‐Mahyari Saeed , Jahanian Elaheh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA major mean to minimize feeding costs and faecal nitrogen excretion on poultry farms is to decrease the supplied dietary protein content. This, however, is associated with the declines in productive performance and systemic health indices. Sanguinarine may improve protein efficiency via decreasing the intestinal amino acid decarboxylation and stimulating the tryptophan‐serotonin pathway. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sanguinarine on the performance, egg yolk biochemical parameters, serum enzyme activities, nutrient digestibility, ovarian follicles, and hepatic health indices in laying hens fed decremental levels of crude protein (CP). For this purpose, 180 laying hens were allocated into nine dietary treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The experimental treatments consisted of three levels of CP (85.0%, 92.5%, and 100% of Hy‐Line W‐36 manual recommendation) and three levels of sanguinarine (0.00, 3.75, and 7.50 mg/kg) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement administered during a 70‐day feeding trial. Results showed that the decremental levels of CP led to significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (p < .05), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (p < .01) activities, egg yolk cholesterol concentration (p = .064), and hepatic fat and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (p < .05). It also caused the significant declines in ileal dry matter (DM) digestibility (p < .05) and eggshell strength (p < .05), and also tended to decrease CP digestibility (p = .071), Haugh unit (p = .057) and egg production percentage (p = .062). The interaction effects of the experimental factors indicated that dietary supplementation of sanguinarine, especially at 7.50 mg/kg, led to significant improvements in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities (p < .01), egg yolk cholesterol (p < .001) and triglyceride (p < .05) concentrations, eggshell strength (p < .001), Haugh unit (p < .05), hepatic fat (p < .001) and MDA (p = .059) contents, ileal DM and CP digestibility (p < .01) as well as egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < .05) in birds receiving decremental levels of CP. Taken together, the results indicate that dietary administration of sanguinarine could enhance productive performance via improving nutrient digestibility, hepatic health indices and fortifying systemic antioxidant capacity in laying hens fed low‐CP diets.
A novel MLSA allelic profile ‘A15’ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides in Niger
Authors: Yansambou Mahamadou Seyni , Souley Maman Moutari , Diallo Alpha Amadou , Abotseng Molefhi , Alambedji Rianatou Bada 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). The aim of the present study was to identify the profiles of the Mmm strains isolated in Niger using the ‘Multilocus Sequence Analysis’ (MLSA) typing technique based on polymorphism analysis of housekeeping and non‐coding genes. The investigation was conducted on samples (n=22) comprising of lung tissues, lymph node and pleural fluids. Following classical PCR, Mmm positive amplicons (n=6) were identified. These positive amplicons were then amplified using eight loci of the PG1 reference strain (LocPG1‐0001, Loc‐PG1‐0103, Loc‐PG1‐0287, Loc‐PG1‐0431, Loc‐PG1‐0489, Loc‐PG1‐0523, Loc‐PG1‐0710 and Loc‐PG1‐0827). Sequencing followed by the determination of the profile of each strain by the combination of the allele numbers revealed three different MLSA profiles namely; A11, E01 and A15. The profiles A11 and E01 were previously identified. The novel profile identified in this study was named profile A15. The difference was detected while comparing sequences of non‐coding loci. This novel profile was named ‘A15’ according to the similarities with African reference strain profile ‘A00’ at the seven loci level (loc‐0103, loc‐0287, loc‐0431, loc‐0489, loc‐0523, loc‐0710 and loc‐0827). For CBPP control measures, identification and molecular characterization of Mmm strains is very important. Thus, the use of MLSA technique is relevant to identify profiles of Mmm circulating in Niger. Other countries where CBPP is still endemic are encouraged to use a MLSA scheme to address this issue and, most importantly, to rapidly trace back the origin of outbreaks, which will help reduce the transmission and spread of the disease. In addition, mapping the profiles of strains circulating in each of the countries of the sub‐region is necessary for effective control of CBPP.