bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Short Course of Neo-Adjuvant Denosumab for Nerve-Sparing Surgery for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Sacrum
Authors: Liang Haijie , Liu Xingyu , Yang Yi , Guo Wei , Yang Rongli , Tang Xiaodong , Yan Taiqiang , Li Yuan , Tang Shun , Li Dasen , Qu Huayi , Dong Sen , Ji Tao , Du Zhiye , Zang Jie 
Published: December 2021

Study Deign.
This was a retrospective study about sacral giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB).

Objective.
This study aimed to investigate whether ultra-short course of neo-adjuvant denosumab treatment for sacral GCTB could (1) induce radiological and histological response? (2) Facilitate nerve-sparing surgery? (3) Achieve satisfactory oncological and functional outcomes?

Summary of Background Data.
Previous reports on long course of neo-adjuvant denosumab treatment for GCTB showed significant tumor response and a relatively high recurrent rate after curettage.

Methods.
Sixty-six patients with sacral GCTB treated with neoadjuvant denosumab and nerve-sparing surgery were categorized into ultra-short course group (≤3 doses and operation within D21 since 1st dose, 41 patients) or conventional group (>3 doses or operation after D21 since 1st dose, 25 patients). The radiological and histological response, operative data, oncological and functional outcomes were compared.

Results.
The ultra-short course group demonstrated fewer doses of neo-adjuvant denosumab (mean: 2.1 vs. 4.8, P
< 0.001) and shorter time to surgery (12.2 days vs. 72.3 days, P < 0.001). Similar patterns of radiological and histological response were observed in the two groups with less fibrosis and ossification in the ultra-short course group. The operative duration (199.9 min vs. 187.8 min, P = 0.364) and estimated blood loss (1552.4 mL vs. 1474.0 mL, P = 0.740) were comparable. Most (94.8%) of the patients received adjuvant denosumab. After a mean follow-up of 29.4 months, three cases (8.8%) and five cases (20.8%) showed local recurrence in each group (P = 0.255). The estimated recurrence-free survival (56.2 vs. 51.2 months, P = 0.210) and the functional status [Motor-Urination-Defecation scores: 25.9 vs. 25.7, P = 0.762] did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion.
Ultra-short course of neo-adjuvant denosumab for sacral GCTB could elicit radiological and histological responses as conventional course did. The less degree of fibrosis and ossification might facilitate nerve-sparing surgery and help to achieve satisfactory local control and functional status.

Level of Evidence: 4
Premorbid Primary Headache and Vestibular and Oculomotor Baseline Assessments in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Burns Karlee N. , Langford Theresa Dianne , Tierney Ryan , McDevitt Jane 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of premorbid headache status on vestibular and oculomotor baseline tests in collegiate club athletes.

Design:
Retrospective case–control study.

Setting:
Sport Concussion Laboratory.

Patients (or Participants):
Collegiate club athletes with a self-reported premorbid headache history (n = 32, 19.50 ± 1.98 years, and 31% women) and age–sex–sport–matched controls (n = 32, 19.56 ± 1.47 years, and 31% women) without a self-reported headache history were included.

Interventions:
Participants were grouped based on a self-reported headache history at baseline. Controls were randomly matched to self-reported headache participants by age, sex, and sport.

Main Outcome Measures:
Vestibular/ocular motor screen (VOMS) baseline symptoms, symptom provocation, near point of convergence (NPC) distance, and King–Devick (K-D) test time were compared between groups.

Results:
Athletes with a self-reported headache history at baseline are 3.82 times more likely to have abnormal NPC scores (P = 0.032) and 4.76 times more likely to have abnormal K-D test times (P = 0.014) than those without a headache history. There was no difference in VOMS baseline symptoms or symptom provocation between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Club collegiate athletes with a headache history were more likely to screen as abnormal during a vestibular/ocular motor function assessment than athletes without a history of headaches. Healthcare professionals should screen for pre-existing headache during baseline concussion assessments before test interpretation.

Clinical Relevance:
A premorbid headache history at preseason baseline assessment may influence vestibular and oculomotor function, and care should be taken when interpreting these individuals' tests.
Analysis of Injuries in Competitive Equestrian Events
Authors: Haines Carver , Jensen Hanna K. , Karim Saleema A. , McGhee Linda 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Current equestrian sport-related acute injury research is sparse. The goal of this study is to explore equestrian injury types stratified by population and equestrian discipline.

Design:
Injury reports from the US Equestrian Federation (USEF) were compiled from 2015 through 2019, and the prevalence of different injury types within the main equestrian disciplines was calculated.

Setting:
Retrospective cohort study from USEF accident report data.

Participants:
Athletes competing at USEF sanctioned equestrian events.

Independent Variables:
Equestrian participant's age group, sex, and equestrian event type are the independent variables.

Main Outcome Measures:
Frequency of types of injuries in equestrian events stratified by equestrian discipline, age (junior vs senior), and sex.

Results:
Three thousand four hundred thirty equestrian athletes injured from 441 816 total athlete exposures during 2015 to 2019 were analyzed showing an injury rate between 0.06% and 1.18% for each discipline with an overall injury rate of 780 per 100 000 athlete exposures. Hunter–jumper and 3-day eventing had the highest injury rates. Head injuries and bone injuries were the most common types. No clinically significant differences in injury rates were observed between males and females or junior and senior equestrian athletes.

Conclusions:
Equestrian sports have an overall injury rate of 780 per 100 000 athlete exposures in the certified competition setting. Hunter–jumper and 3-day eventing have an increased injury rate compared with nonjumping disciplines. These data should help equestrian event clinicians to anticipate the types of injuries and help outpatient clinicians make preparticipation medical eligibility and assist in counseling for equestrian sports.
Regional Economic Conditions and Preventable Hospitalization Among Older Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Minegishi Taeko , Young Gary J. , Madison Kristin M. , Pizer Steven D. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim was to explore the relationship between changes in regional economic conditions and quality of care—preventable hospitalization or death among older patients with diabetes at Veterans Health Administration (VHA), safety-net system for veterans.

Subjects:
VHA patients aged 65 years and older with a diabetes diagnosis between July 2012 and June 2014, who had at least 1 primary care visit in the past year.

Measures:
County-level and state-level public data were used to characterize regional health insurance coverage and affluence surrounding the VHA facilities. Each patient was associated with a VHA facility and its corresponding regional market variables, and followed up to 48 months or until they experienced diabetes-related Prevention Quality Indicators or death.

Results:
Discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models estimated that changes in regional market variables characterizing regional health insurance coverage and affluence were significant factors associated with preventable hospitalization or death. All regional market variables were combined into a demand index, where 1 SD decrease in the demand index was associated with a 2.0-point increase in predicted survival for an average patient at an average VHA facility. For comparison, a 1 SD increase in primary care capacity was associated with 4.7-point increase.

Conclusions:
Downturns in regional economic conditions could increase demand for VHA care and raise the risk of diabetes-related preventable hospitalization or death among older VHA patients diagnosed with diabetes. Safety-net hospitals may be unfairly penalized for lower quality of care when experiencing higher demand for care because of an economic downturn.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Gore Victoria , Li Zeyu , Drake Carolyn B. , Heath Jacqueline L. , Raiszadeh Farbod , Daniel Jean , Fagan Ian 
Published: December 2021

Background:
It is not yet known whether socioeconomic factors (ie, social determinants of health) are associated with readmission following hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6191 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a large New York City safety-net hospital system between March 1 and June 1, 2020. Associations between 30-day readmission and selected demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, prior health care utilization, and relevant features of the index hospitalization were analyzed using a multivariable generalized estimating equation model.

Results:
The readmission rate was 7.3%, with a median of 7 days between discharge and readmission. The following were risk factors for readmission: age 65 and older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.55], history of homelessness, (aOR: 2.03 95% CI: 1.49–2.77), baseline coronary artery disease (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.34–2.10), congestive heart failure (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.20–1.49), cancer (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.26–2.24), chronic kidney disease (aOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.46–2.07). Patients’ sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, and presence of obesity were not associated with increased odds of readmission. A longer length of stay (aOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–1.00) and use of noninvasive supplemental oxygen (aOR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56–0.83) was associated with lower odds of readmission. Upon readmission, 18.4% of patients required intensive care, and 13.7% expired.

Conclusion:
We have found some factors associated with increased odds of readmission among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Awareness of these risk factors, including patients’ social determinants of health, may ultimately help to reduce readmission rates.
Trauma-informed Collaborative Care for African American Primary Care Patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Meredith Lisa S. , Wong Eunice , Osilla Karen Chan , Sanders Margaret , Tebeka Mahlet G. , Han Bing , Williamson Stephanie L. , Carton Thomas W. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
African Americans have nearly double the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with other racial/ethnic groups.

Objective:
To understand whether trauma-informed collaborative care (TICC) is effective for improving PTSD among African Americans in New Orleans who receive their care in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).

Design and Method:
In this pilot randomized controlled trial, we assigned patients within a single site to either TICC or to enhanced usual care (EUC). We performed intent to treat analysis by nonparametric exact tests for small sample sizes.

Participants:
We enrolled 42 patients from October 12, 2018, through July 2, 2019. Patients were eligible if they considered the clinic their usual source of care, had no obvious physical or cognitive obstacles that would prevent participation, were age 18 or over, self-identified as African American, and had a provisional diagnosis of PTSD.

Measures:
Our primary outcome measures were PTSD measured as both a symptom score and a provisional diagnosis based on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).

Key Results:
Nine months following baseline, both PTSD symptom scores and provisional PTSD diagnosis rates decreased substantially more for patients in TICC than in EUC. The decreases were by 26 points in EUC and 36 points in TICC for symptoms (P=0.08) and 33% in EUC and 57% in TICC for diagnosis rates (P=0.27). We found no effects for mediator variables.

Conclusions:
TICC shows promise for addressing PTSD in this population. A larger-scale trial is needed to fully assess the effectiveness of this approach in these settings.
Characteristics of the Audience Reached by the National Network of Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinical Prevention Training Centers and Correlation With Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates, 2015 to 2020
Authors: Hauschild Benjamin C. , Burnside Helen C. , Gray Barbara A. , Johnston Christine , Neu Natalie , Park Ina U. , Reno Hilary E. L. , Rompalo Anne , Van Wagoner Nicholas , Wendel Karen A. , Coor Alexandra , Tromble Erin , Rietmeijer Cornelis A. ,   from the National Evaluation Center, National Network of STD Clinical Prevention Training Centers
Published: December 2021

Background
The National Network of Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinical Prevention Training Centers (NNPTC) trains clinical providers to diagnose and treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographics of clinical providers and to correlate the number of training episodes with STI rates at the county level.

Methods
Registration data were collected between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2020, in a custom Learning Management System from clinical providers taking NNPTC training. Using the 2018 STI surveillance data, counties were divided into quartiles based on reportable STI case rates and the number of county-level training events was compared per quartile. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics 23 (Armonk, NY) and SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (Cary, NC).

Results
From 2015 to 2020, the NNPTC trained 21,327 individuals, predominantly in the nursing professions and working in a public health environment. In multivariate analysis, the number of training events was significantly associated with higher STI rates at the county level (P < 0.0001) and the state where a prevention training center is located (P < 0001).

Conclusions
The analysis suggests that NNPTC trainings are reaching the clinical providers working in geographic areas with higher STI rates.
Differing Correlates of Incident Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among a Cohort of Black Cisgender Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women Recruited in 6 US Cities (HIV Prevention Trials Network 061)
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Menza Timothy W. , Cummings Vanessa , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Wilton Leo , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Compared with Black cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM), Black transgender women had a higher incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (25.9 [11.1–46.3] vs. 9.6 [8.10–11.3] per 100 person-years), higher rates of income and housing insecurity, and condomless receptive anal intercourse. Further investigation of unique risk pathways among transgender women is critical.
Surgical Error Compensation Claims as a Patient Safety Indicator: Causes and Economic Consequences in the Murcia Health System, 2002 to 2018
Authors: Vicente-Guijarro Jorge , Valencia-Martín José Lorenzo , Fernández-Herreruela Carlos , Sousa Paulo , Mira Solves José Joaquín , Aranaz-Andrés Jesús María 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
Compensation claims are a useful source of information on patient safety research. The purpose of this study was to determine the main causes of surgical compensation claims and their financial impact on the health system.

Methods
A descriptive observational study with analytical components was carried out on compensation claims brought against the surgical area of the Murcia Health System between 2002 and 2018. We analyzed the frequency, causes, consequences, locations and surgical settings of these claims, the time of judicial procedure, and compensation adjusted to the Consumer Price Index.

Results
There were 1172 compensation claims. “orthopedic surgery and traumatology” (27.4%), “gynecology and obstetrics” (25.7%), and “general surgery” (17.2%) were the main surgical settings involved. The most frequent causes were surgical error (42.4%) and treatment error (30.9%). The main sequelae were musculoskeletal (20.0%), neurological (17.7%), and obstetric (17.7%). The average time from incident to resolution of claims was 6.3 years. A total of 20.1% of these claims were successful, particularly those involving retained surgical foreign bodies (71.4% successful claims; P < 0.001). The total compensation paid was €56,338,247 (an average of €17,207 per claim). Compensation was higher in cases with respiratory sequelae (median, 131,600; P = 0.033), death (75,916; P < 0.001), and neurological (60,000; P = 0.024).

Conclusions
Compensation claims associated with surgical procedures are made on a variety of grounds. They are drawn-out proceedings, and patients are only successful in 20% of cases.
Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Maternal Mortality Following Nonobstetric Abdominopelvic Surgery in Pregnancy
Authors: Cusimano Maria C. , Liu Jessica , Azizi Paymon , Zipursky Jonathan , Sajewycz Katrina , Sussman Jess , Kishibe Teruko , Wong Eric , Ferguson Sarah E. , D’Souza Rohan , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To quantify the absolute risks of adverse fetal outcomes and maternal mortality following nonobstetric abdominopelvic surgery in pregnancy.

Summary Background Data:
Surgery is often necessary in pregnancy, but absolute measures of risk required to guide perioperative management are lacking.

Methods:
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EvidenceBased Medicine Reviews from January 1, 2000, to December 9, 2020, for observational studies and randomized trials of pregnant patients undergoing nonobstetric abdominopelvic surgery. We determined the pooled proportions of fetal loss, preterm birth, and maternal mortality using a generalized linear random/mixed effects model with a logit link.

Results:
We identified 114 observational studies (52 [46%] appendectomy, 34 [30%] adnexal, 8 [7%] cholecystectomy, 20 [17%] mixed types) reporting on 67,111 pregnant patients. Overall pooled proportions of fetal loss, preterm birth, and maternal mortality were 2.8% (95% CI 2.2-3.6), 9.7% (95% CI 8.3-11.4), and 0.04% (95% CI 0.02-0.09; 4/10,000), respectively. Rates of fetal loss and preterm birth were higher for pelvic inflammatory conditions (eg, appendectomy, adnexal torsion) than for abdominal or nonurgent conditions (eg, cholecystectomy, adnexal mass). Surgery in the second and third trimesters was associated with lower rates of fetal loss (0.1%) and higher rates of preterm birth (13.5%) than surgery in the first and second trimesters (fetal loss 2.9%, preterm birth 5.6%).

Conclusions:
Absolute risks of adverse fetal outcomes after nonobstetric abdom- inopelvic surgery vary with gestational age, indication, and acuity. Pooled estimates derived here identify high-risk clinical scenarios, and can inform implementation of mitigation strategies and improve preoperative counselling.
Batch Production of High-Quality Graphene Grids for Cryo-EM: Cryo-EM Structure of Methylococcus capsulatus Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Hydroxylase
Authors: Ahn Eungjin , Kim Byungchul , Park Soyoung , Erwin Amanda L. , Sung Suk Hyun , Hovden Robert , Mosalaganti Shyamal , Cho Uhn-Soo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a widely used tool for determining protein structure. Despite recent technology advances, sample preparation remains a major bottleneck for several reasons, including protein denaturation at the air/water interface, the presence of preferred orientations, nonuniform ice layers, etc. Graphene, a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single atomic layer, has recently gained attention as a near-ideal support film for cryo-EM that can overcome these challenges because of its superior properties, including mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Here, we introduce a reliable, easily implemented, and reproducible method to produce 36 graphene-coated grids within 1.5 days. To demonstrate their practical application, we determined the cryo-EM structure of Methylococcus capsulatus soluble methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (sMMOH) at resolutions of 2.9 and 2.4 Å using Quantifoil and graphene-coated grids, respectively. We found that the graphene-coated grid has several advantages, including less amount of protein required and avoiding protein denaturation at the air/water interface. By comparing the cryo-EM structure of sMMOH with its crystal structure, we identified subtle yet significant geometrical changes at the non-heme di-iron center, which may better indicate the active site configuration of sMMOH in the resting/oxidized state.
ABA represses TOR and root meristem activity through nuclear exit of the SnRK1 kinase
Authors: Belda-Palazón Borja , Costa Mónica , Beeckman Tom , Rolland Filip , Baena-González Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes plant tolerance to major stresses like drought, partly by modulating plant growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that cell proliferation in the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem is controlled by the interplay between three kinases, SNF1-RELATED KINASE 2 (SnRK2), the main driver of ABA signaling, the SnRK1 energy sensor, and the growth-promoting TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase. Under favorable conditions, the SnRK1α1 catalytic subunit is enriched in the nuclei of root cells and this is accompanied by normal cell proliferation and meristem size. Depletion of SnRK2s in a snrk2.2 snrk2.3 double mutant causes constitutive cytoplasmic localization of SnRK1α1 and a reduction in meristem size, suggesting that, under non-stress conditions, SnRK2s enable growth by retaining SnRK1α1 in the nucleus. In response to elevated ABA levels, SnRK1α1 translocates to the cytoplasm and this is accompanied by inhibition of TOR, decreased cell proliferation and meristem size. Blocking nuclear export with leptomycin B abrogates ABA-driven SnRK1α1 relocalization to the cytoplasm and the inhibition of TOR. Fusion of SnRK1α1 to an SV40 nuclear localization signal leads to defective TOR repression in response to ABA, demonstrating that SnRK1α1 nuclear exit is a premise for this repression. Altogether, we demonstrate that SnRK2-dependent changes in SnRK1α1 subcellular localization are crucial for the regulation of TOR activity and root growth in response to ABA. Such swift relocalization of key regulators may represent a more general strategy of sessile organisms like plants to rapidly respond to environmental changes.