bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density-Based Soil Organic Carbon Fractionation: Experimental Method Comparison and Influential Factors
Authors: Sun Xiaolu , Ryan Michael G. , Sun Osbert Jianxin , Tang Zuoxin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Because soil organic carbon (SOC) variation is a result of its physicochemical protection, fractionating SOC into different functional subpools according to its protection mechanism and studying the mechanism of different SOC fractions’ responses to environmental change will help guide the study of SOC dynamics. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of density-based SOC fractionation of 107 study sites from 35 literature sources to answer the following questions: (1) Will different fractionation methods yield different amounts in the three organic carbon pools: free organic carbon (FOC), occluded organic carbon (OOC) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC)? (2) Does the distribution of these three SOC fractions differ with climate (mean annual temperature, MAT; mean annual precipitation, MAP), soil characteristics (e.g., soil layer, soil type, clay content) or vegetation type when controlling for any method differences?Results: Experimental method significantly affected OOC and MOC but not FOC results, and OOC separated by density and soil physical dispersion (density+disperse) was underestimated, thus a suitable SOC fractionation method should be carefully selected. SOC and MOC contents were negatively related to MAT; and highest SOC content appeared at moderate MAP, and when MAP increased or decreased, SOC decreased. SOC, FOC, and MOC were significantly affected by vegetation type; presumably due to anthropogenic disturbance or precipitation, plantations, grass and rainforest had the lower SOC contents and higher OOC and MOC percentages; and conifer, broadleaf, and mixed forests had similar FOC, OOC and MOC percentages, indicating less effect of tree species on SOC variation. The contents of both SOC and each fraction decreased in deeper sol layer; SOC, FOC and OOC contents were significantly affected by soil type; and SOC and MOC contents were negatively related to soil clay content, but the influences of soil characters on SOC and its fractions were less than experimental method and climate condition.Conclusion: Experimental methods for fractionation of SOC significantly affected fraction results. Climate, vegetation type and soil character also significantly influenced SOC and its factions, but the influences of soil characters on SOC and its fractions were not as strong as experimental method and climate condition.
Associations Between the Morphological Parameters of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint (PTFJ) and Changes in Tibiofemoral Joint Structures in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang Jun , Chen Tianyu , Yan Yizhu , Zhu Zhaohua , Han Weiyu , Zhao Yi , Antony Benny , Wluka Anita , Winzenberg Tania , Cicuttini Flavia , Ding Changhai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo describe the longitudinal associations between the morphological parameters of proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) and joint structural changes in tibiofemoral compartments in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe participants were selected from the Vitamin D Effects on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) study. PTFJ morphological parameters were measured on coronal and sagittal MRI. The contacting area (S) of PTFJ, and its projection areas onto the horizontal (load-bearing area, Sτ), sagittal (lateral stress-bolstering area, Sφ) and coronal plane (posterior stress-bolstering area, Sυ) were assessed. Knee structural abnormalities, including cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and cartilage volume, were evaluated at baseline and after 2 years. Log binominal regression models and linear regression models were used to assess the associations between PTFJ morphological parameters and osteoarthritic structural changes.ResultsIn the longitudinal analyses, the S (RR: 1.45) and Sτ (RR: 1.55) of PTFJ were significantly and positively associated with an increase in medial tibial (MT) cartilage defects. The Sτ (β: -0.07), Sυ (β: -0.07), and S (β: -0.06) of PTFJ were significantly and negatively associated with changes in MT cartilage volume. The Sτ (RR: 1.55) of PTFJ was positively associated with an increase in MT BMLs, and Sφ (RR: 0.35) was negatively associated with an increase in medial femoral BMLs. ConclusionsThis longitudinal study suggests that higher load-bearing area of PTFJ could be a risk factor for structural changes in medial tibiofemoral (MTF) compartment in knee OA. This may provide a theoretical support for proximal fibular osteotomy in the treatment of MTF OA.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01176344; Anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000495022Date of registration: 7 May 2010
Improving bone health via modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy
Authors: Leng Houfu , Zhang Hanlin , Li Linsen , Zhang Shuhao , Wang Yanping , Chavda Selina , Galas-Filipowicz Daria , Ersek Adel , Morris Emma , Sezgin Erdinc , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Li Yunsen , Mi Jian-Qing , Yong Kwee , Zhong Qing , Edwards Claire , Simon Anna Katharina , Horwood Nicole 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, frequently develop osteolytic bone lesions. In this study, glycosphingolipids were essential in promoting autophagic degradation of the signaling molecule TRAF3, a key step in bone-resorbing osteoclast differentiation. Specifically altering the glycosphingolipid composition with eliglustat, an FDA approved glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, arrested osteoclast differentiation; this could be rescued by exogenous addition of the missing glycosphingolipids. Eliglustat significantly reduced bone disease in several preclinical models of MM by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and, due to its unique mode of action, it was able to act in combination with existing bone protective drugs. Furthermore, eliglustat arrested osteoclast differentiation from the bone marrow of MM patients in a glycosphingolipid-dependent way. This work identifies both the mechanism by which glucosylceramide synthase inhibition blocks autophagic degradation of TRAF3 to reduce osteoclastogenesis as well as highlighting the translational potential of eliglustat to be combined with current treatments.
Fixation Failure in Patients With Traumatic Diastasis of Pubic Symphysis: Impact of Loss of Reduction on Early Functional Outcomes.
Authors: Ponce Claudio Rojas , EWERTZ ERNESTO , Tropa Jose Miguel Hormazabal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFailure of fixation (FF) in pubic symphysis diastasis (SD) ranges between 12 to 75%, though whether it influences functional outcomes is still debated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of anterior pelvic plate failure and loss of reduction on Majeed`s functional scores. MethodsSingle center retrospective review of consecutive patients with acute SD treated by means of anterior pubic plating. Thirty seven patients with a mean age 45.7+/-14.4 years, were included. Demographics, AO classification, pelvic fixation and secondary procedures were recorded. Majeed´s functional scores at minimum 6 months followup were compared according to the presence of FF and loss of reduction. ResultsFifteen patients presented FF. Eight presented an additional loss of symphyseal reduction. Mean Majeed´s score (MMS) in patients with and without FF was 64,4+/-13,04 and 81.8+/-15.65 respectively (p=0.0012). Differences in MMS in patients without FF and those with FF and maintained or loss of anterior reduction were 11,3 [70,5vs81,8] (p=0,092) and 22.7 [59,1vs81,8] (p=0,001) respectively. Significant association of FF with AO classification was noted. (OR 12.6; p=0.002).Conclusions﻿Differences in MMS in the analysed groups suggest that loss of reduction might be more relevant than failure of the anterior osteosynthesis in functional outcomes.
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Micro and Macroelements in Fruit Peels Powder Mineral Supplement for Osteoporosis Patients and their Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Durani Arjumand Iqbal , Alharthy Rima D. , Ahmed Mahmood , Shafiq Muhammad Imtiaz , Hameed Abdul , Hussain Syed Mubasher , Bashir Waqas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease depicted by the reduced bone mass, an adequate supply of minerals are needed to support bone remodelingand their deficiency causes bone-related diseases, osteoporosis in particular, and have osteo-protective effects. The aim of recent researchwas to quantify the micro (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and macroelements (Mg, K, and Ca) in the peels powder of some common fruits (pomegranate, orange, lemon, mango, and grapefruit) by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The extraction of micro and macroelements in peels powder was done by using dilute acids in ultrasonic bath. Apple leaves were used as standard reference material (SRM, NIST 1515) to optimize the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method at varied operating parameters. Maximum response was obtained for extracting of minerals in 500 mg SRM at 60 °C temperature, setting a vortexing time of 5 min.while using 5.0 mL extracting agent HNO3 (0.5 M)-H2O2 (10 %) at90 % sonication amplitude of ultrasound bath for 6 min.While analyzing the SRM, the percentage recovery wasobtained in ranged between 96.8-102.7 % to assure the accuracy whereasrepeatability (n = 10) study in terms of % RSDyielding≤ 2.29well support the precision of proposed method and limits of quantitation (µg/g) were 0.034, 0.061, 0.065, 0.057, 0.017, 0.175 and 0.053 for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, K and Ca respectively. The proposed UAE method was reliable,efficient, and advantageous over the conventionally employed acid digestion method with regards to less consumption of reagents and short analysis time for the determination of micro and macroelements in fruit peels powder.
Effect of Gap Size And Elevation On The Regeneration And Coexistence of Three Tree Species In A Subalpine Coniferous Forest
Authors: Han Wangya , Chen Li , Wang G. Geoff , Liu Dan , Liu Guohua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Gap size and environmental gradient have fundamental influence on the tree species coexistence and community assembly. We studied the regeneration and coexistence of three co-dominant tree species in three different gap size (large gap, 201-402 m2; medium gap, 101-200 m2; small gap, 38.8-100 m2) along an elevation gradient (between 3000m and 3500m) in an old-growth forest, on Mount Nadu in southwest China. Results: We found that the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was positively affected by gap size during the growing season. All three species had a higher regeneration density in large gaps, but the detailed response to treatments for each species depended on its stem size. Gap size had a significant positive effect on the regeneration density of Abies faxoniana small trees and Betula utilis saplings, but had no significant effect on Acer maximowiczii regeneration density. Saplings regeneration density is more sensitive to elevation compared to small trees regeneration density. Large gaps magnified the negative effects of elevation on regeneration density. Our findings indicated that Abies may maintain its regeneration advantage with low-intensity canopy disturbance, and large gap may provide excellent opportunities for broadleaf species (Betula and Acer) establishment and regeneration in this subalpine coniferous forest. Conclusion: Microhabitats heterogeneity controlled by characteristics of forest gaps along an elevation affected regeneration niche difference of tree species, which contributed to species coexistence and community assembly processes.
Thymic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue B-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Lan Ke , Yang Fan , Wang Jun , Zhou Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma rarely involves the thymus gland. About 5% of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome eventually develop lymphomas.Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman with Sjögren's syndrome and immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura was found to have a mediastinal tumor. Preoperative examination revealed the patient suffered from a severe thrombocytopenia and even had a rare blood group: O D+ (D+c+c+E+E+). Resection of the mediastinal tumor via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) following thoroughly preparation including thrombocyte transfusion. Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry of the thymus tumor were both consistent with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Conclusion:This rare case suggests that thymic MALT lymphoma can develop with an autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome, surgical resection of thymic tumor should be performed after careful preoperative preparation.
Excess fatty acids induce pancreatic acinar cell pyroptosis through macrophage M1 polarization
Authors: Xia Wenwen , Lu Zhaomin , Chen Wei , Zhou Jianjun , Zhao Yan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Free fatty acid derived from hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of inflammation in pancreas. Here we explore the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid-induced pancreatitis through cellular experiments and the construction of mouse model of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. We found that palmitic acid stimulation leads to M1 polarization of macrophage, which secretes cathepsin S via exosome to pancreatic acinar cells and leads to activation of the caspase1-mediated classical pyrolysis pathway, result inflammation and pancreatic tissue damage. In vivo experiments have also demonstrated that the high levels of fatty acids induced by hyperlipidaemia exacerbate the development of pancreatitis, and that cathepsin S inhibitors significantly alleviate hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Therefore, cathepsin S may be a new target for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.
Monsoonal Precipitation Over Peninsular Malaysia in the CMIP6 Highresmip Experiments: The Role of Model Resolution
Authors: Liang Ju , Tan Mou Leong , Hawcroft Matthew , Catto Jennifer L. , Hodges Kevin I. , Haywood James M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the ability of 20 model simulations which contributed to the CMIP6 HighResMIP to simulate precipitation in different monsoon seasons and extreme precipitation events over Peninsular Malaysia. The model experiments utilize common forcing but are run with different horizontal and vertical resolutions. The impact of resolution on the models’ abilities to simulate precipitation and associated environmental fields is assessed by comparing multi-model ensembles at different resolutions with three observed precipitation datasets and four climate reanalyses. Model simulations with relatively high horizontal and vertical resolution exhibit better performance in simulating the annual cycle of precipitation and extreme precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia and the coastal regions. Improvements associated with the increase in horizontal and vertical resolutions are also found in the statistical relationship between precipitation and monsoon intensity in different seasons. However, the increase in vertical resolution can lead to a reduction of annual mean precipitation compared to that from the models with low vertical resolutions, associated with an overestimation of moisture divergence and underestimation of lower-tropospheric vertical ascent in the different monsoon seasons. This limits any improvement in the simulation of precipitation in the high vertical resolution experiments, particularly for the Southwest monsoon season.
How to Reveal Disguised Paternalism – Version 2.0
Authors: Lynøe Niels , Engström Ingemar , Juth Niklas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To further develop an index for detecting disguised paternalism, which might influence physicians’ evaluations of whether or not a patient is decision competent at the end of life. Disguised paternalism can be actualized when physicians transform hard paternalism into soft paternalism by denying the patient’s decision-making competence. Methods: A previously presented index was further developed to make it possible to distinguish between high and low degrees of disguised paternalism using the average index of the whole sample. We recalculated the results from a 2007 study to compare to a 2020 study. Both studies are about physicians’ attitudes towards, and arguments for or against, physician assisted suicide (PAS). Results: The 2020 study showed that geriatricians, palliativists and middle aged physicians (46-60 years) had indices indicating disguised paternalism, in contrast with the results from the 2007 study, which showed that all specialties (apart from GPs, surgeons and older physicians) had indices indicating high degrees of disguised paternalism.Conclusions: The proposed index for identifying disguised paternalism reflects the attitude of a group attitudes towards physician assisted suicide. The indices make it possible to compare the various medical specialties and age groups from the 2007 study with the 2020 study. Because disguised paternalism might have clinical consequences for the rights of competent patients to participate in decision-making, it is important to reveal disguised hard paternalism, which could masquerade as soft paternalism and thereby manifest in practice.
New Insight Into The Features of Behçet's Disease With Gastrointestinal Ulcer : A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Ye Jing-Fen , Hou Cheng-Cheng , Bao Hua-fang , Guan Jian long 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Behcet’s disease (BD) can involve any site of the alimentary canal. There has been research concerning intestinal BD. Nevertheless, the entire digestive tract not yet been studied extensively. Therefore, the purpose of study was to describe the prevalence, location, clinical features and possible risk factors of BD with gastrointestinal tract ulcer.Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study that included 1232 consecutive BD patients who routinely underwent endoscopy upon their wishes. The clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and histologic features of BD with gastrointestinal ulcer and negative Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were identified.Result We found that 22.16% (273/1232) Hp-negative BD patients had ulcers of the alimentary tract. At presentation, 61.54% (168/273) patients were asymptomatic. The numbers of BD patients with gastrointestinal ulcers isolated to upper gastrointestinal tract, small bowel, ileocecal region, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum were 84, 4, 106, 2, 3, 1, 2 and 8, respectively. The rest involved at least two of these intestinal segments. Only one patient suffered from total gastrointestinal tract involvement. Inflammation was the most common histopathologic feature 77.60% (142/183). The 273 BD patients with gastrointestinal ulcer were at greater risk of having archenteric symptoms (OR = 0.108, P ＜ 0.001), fever (OR = 0.235, P = 0.001) and high CRP level (OR = 0.991, P = 0.019). Uveitis may be a protective factor for gastrointestinal ulcer in patients with BD (OR = 2.480, P = 0.002). Conclusion BD could affect the upper gastrointestinal tract independently. Endoscopy should be conducted in all patients in whom a diagnosis of BD is entertained, especially in patients with higher CRP and fever. While, BD patients with uveitis correlates negatively with gastrointestinal involvement.
Incidence and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer in Children: Based on the SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wu Wenming , Shang Xiaofei , Huang Deliang , Liu Mingbo , Zong Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Studying the incidence trend and prognosis factors of childhood Thyroid cancer (TC) may better reflect the prevalence of this disease. Objectives: To explore the trends in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer and the prognosis.Material and Methods: Join-point regression model was used to analyze incidence trend of TC. Cox regression model was applied to explore the survival situation and prognostic factors.Results: The incidence rate of childhood TC increased between 1975 and 2016 from 3.8/million (95%CI: 2.6-5.5) to 11.5/million (95%CI: 9.2-14.1), AAPC = 2.38 (95%CI: 1.98-9.65)) and could be divided into two stages of increasing trends. The incidence rate of Trend1 (1975-2005) increased slowly but Trend2 (2005-2016) increased dramatically. And annual rates of small size tumor (<4cm) and local stage TC in children increased significantly. The overall cumulative survival rate for childhood TC was high up to 97%-99%. Males, the black people, MTC type, distant metastasis, tumor size >= 4 cm, non-primary cancer were the independent risk factors of prognosis of childhood TC.Conclusions and Significance: A contribution of over detection to rising pediatric TC rates might not be able to rule out. Over-treatment to small size and local stage TC in children should be avoided.
Effect of irrigation regime on yield and water productivity of maize (Zea mays) in the Lake Tana basin, North West Ethiopia
Authors: genet Amare Tsige , Tewabe dires , abebe atklte , enyew alebachew , worku mulugeta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Proper scheduling gave water to the crop at the right time in the right quantity to optimize production and minimize adverse environmental impact. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the effects of irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of Maize in the Lake Tana basin during 2016–2018.
Methods
CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to determine the crop water requirement. Almost all parameters were adopted the default value of CROPWAT 8.0. Field data including; field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), initial soil moisture depletion (%), available water holding capacity (mm/meter), infiltration rates (mm/day), and local climate data were determined in the study area. The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations with five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc) and two irrigation intervals (14 and 21 days) laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Results
The result was analyzed using SAS 9 software and significant treatment means separated using least significant difference at 5%. The result showed that the interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation frequency has no significant effect on the average grain yield and water use efficiency of maize. At koga, the highest grain yield (7.3 t ha− 1) and water use efficiency (0.9 kg m-3) obtained from 100% ETc. while, at Ribb the highest grain yield (10.97 t ha− 1) and water use efficiency (1.9 kg m− 3) obtained from 21 days irrigation interval.
Conclusion
Therefore, for Koga and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 562 mm net irrigation depth and 21-day irrigation interval and at Rib and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 446.8 mm net irrigation depth and 21- days irrigation interval.