bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Breede River estuary (Cape Province, South Africa): A historical perspective on hydrology, geomorphology, and sedimentology
Authors: Flemming Burg , Martin Keith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA hitherto unpublished historical dataset of the Breede River estuary, Western Cape, South Africa, that was collected in the summer season of 1983 is presented. Bathymetric, physiographic, and sedimentological data were collected at 1–1.5-km intervals between the mouth and the Malgas ferry crossing at km 35. The remaining estuary up to km 52 was not surveyed. Sedimentologically, the estuary could be divided into a lower marine sand reach (mouth to km 5), a mixed sand/mud reach (km 5–18.5), and a fluvial sand reach upstream of km 18.5. Hydrological data were collected at three midstream anchor stations (mouth, km 14.5, and km 24) which were occupied for complete tidal cycles. Five parameters were recorded: tidal elevation, current velocity, salinity, temperature, and light transmittance. Pronounced velocity asymmetries of the tides were revealed by phase delays between the times of low (high) water and corresponding slack water (turn of the tide), as well as considerable up-estuary delays in the occurrence of high and low tides. The mode of tidal wave propagation was synchronic (constant height) up to a distance of ~23 km at spring high tide and ~13 km at neap high tide, from where it proceeded in hyposynchronic mode (progressive decrease in height). Peak surface velocities reached 1.5 m/s at Station 1 (mouth), 0.6 m/s at Station 2 (km 14), and 0.45 m/s at Station 3 (km 24). The marine sand reach and parts of the mixed sand/mud and fluvial sand reaches were distinctly flood dominated as revealed by the orientation of bedforms. Salt water intrusion reached up to km 25, where river background levels were reached. Suspended sediment concentrations (turbidity) varied from 55–85 mg/l at the mouth, 65–200 mg/l in the mixed sand/mud reach, and 55–85 mg/l in the fluvial sand reach. At the time of observation, the Breede River estuary was in a well-mixed hydrological state. The fluvial sand reach displayed numerous, up to 18-m-deep scour pools. Grain-size distributions revealed distinct differences between the individual estuary sections, the sand/mud, and marine sand reaches, in particular, being characterized by up to four, mostly mixed hydraulic populations. Offshore seismic profiles suggest that the Duiwenhoks River, located 14 km to the east of the Breede mouth, was a tributary of the latter during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands. From a global perspective, the Breede River estuary conforms physically to typical small estuaries that are only marginally impacted by human interferences.
Surgical management of complex ileocolonic Crohn’s disease: a survey of IBD colorectal surgeons to assess variability in operative strategy
Authors: Garofalo E , Selvaggi F , Spinelli A , Pellino G , Flashman K , Frasson M , Carvello M , de’Angelis N , Garcia-Granero A , Harper M , Warusavitarne J , Coleman M , Espin E , Celentano V 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo explore the reported variability in the surgical management of ileocolonic Crohn’ s disease and identify areas of standard practice, we present this study which aims to assess how different colorectal surgeons with a subspecialty interest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surgery may act in different clinical scenarios of ileocolonic Crohn’s disease.MethodsAnonymous videos demonstrating the small bowel walkthrough and anonymised patients’ clinical data, imaging and pathological findings were distributed to the surgeons using an electronic tool. Surgeons answered on operative strategy, bowel resections, management of small bowel mesentery, type of anastomosis and use of stomas.ResultsEight small bowel walkthrough videos were registered and 12 assessors completed the survey with a questionnaire completion rate of 87.5%. There was 87.7% agreement in the need to perform an ileocolonic resection. However, the agreement for the need to perform associated surgical procedures such as strictureplasties or further bowel resections was only 57.4%. When an anastomosis was fashioned, the side to side configuration was the most commonly used. The preferred management of the mesentery was dissection close to the bowel.ConclusionsThe decision on the main procedure to be performed had a high agreement amongst the different assessors, but the treatment of multifocal disease was highly controversial, with low agreement on the need for associated procedures to treat internal fistulae and the use of strictureplasties. At the same time, there was significant heterogeneity in the decision on when to anastomose and when to fashion an ileostomy.
Validation of AQoL-8D: a health-related quality of life questionnaire for adult patients referred for otolaryngology
Authors: Obrycka Anita , Padilla Jose-Luis , Lorens Artur , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to validate the AQoL-8D questionnaire in the adult population of patients referred to an otolaryngology clinic.

Methods
AQoL-8D was translated into Polish. 463 patients (age18–80 years) with otolaryngological conditions were assessed with the AQoL-8D, SF-6D, and SWLS questionnaires. We investigated the item content-relevance, factor structure by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, corrected item-total correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation of the AQoL-8D scores with results from SF-6D and from the SWLS questionnaires. Finally, ANOVA was used to test the AQoL-8D ability to group the HRQoL of patients in terms of their otolaryngological management type.

Results
The median score of item content-relevance was 5.0 for all AQoL-8D items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the following fit indices: Comparative Fit Index = 0.81; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.80; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.07. Cronbach's alpha for AQoL-8D dimensions ranged from 0.48 to 0.79. Mean item-total correlations over all dimensions, super dimensions, and the instrument overall were higher than 0.3. There was a significant Pearson correlation between the results obtained with AQoL-8D and SF-6D (r = 0.68), and with AQoL-8D and SWLS (r = 0.43). A one-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of management type on HRQoL as measured by AQoL-8D [F(4,458) = 6.12, p < 0.001]

Conclusion
AQoL-8D provides valid and reliable measures of HRQoL in patients undergoing otolaryngological treatment. Because it is a generic questionnaire, it is possible to make general comparisons of otolaryngology outcomes with those from other subspecialties.
The association between clinical and biochemical characteristics of late-onset sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Ebrahimi Melania E. , Romijn Michelle , Vliegenthart Roos J. S. , Visser Douwe H. , van Kaam Anton H. , Onland Wes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies in preterm infants have shown an association between late-onset sepsis (LOS) and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). It is unknown whether clinical or biochemical characteristics during sepsis modulate the risk for BPD. This single-center retrospective cohort study included all patients with a gestational age < 30 weeks, born between 2009 and 2015, in whom empiric antimicrobial treatment was initiated > 72 h after birth and continued for at least 5 days, independent on microbiological results. The association between clinical and biochemical characteristics of LOS and the development of BPD in survivors were assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for early-onset sepsis, small for gestational age, and gestational age. Of the 756 admitted infants, 256 infants (mean GA: 27.0 weeks; birthweight: 924 grams) had at least one LOS episode, of whom 79 (30.9%) developed BPD. Analyses showed that only the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation during LOS were independently associated with an increased risk for BPD (adjusted OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.38, 4.96, p value 0.003, and OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.00, 1.007, p value 0.045, respectively).Conclusion: During a LOS, the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation are independently associated with the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants.

What is Known:• Premature infants diagnosed with a late-onset sepsis are at higher risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia• This association is mainly shown in infants with a positive blood culture

What is New:• This study investigates the clinical and biochemical characteristics of late-onset sepsis and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia• The need for mechanical ventilation and duration of mechanical ventilation during late-onset sepsis are associated with an increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Climate implications on forest above- and belowground carbon allocation patterns along a tropical elevation gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
Authors: Sierra Cornejo Natalia , Leuschner Christoph , Becker Joscha N. , Hemp Andreas , Schellenberger Costa David , Hertel Dietrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTropical forests represent the largest store of terrestrial biomass carbon (C) on earth and contribute over-proportionally to global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). How climate change is affecting NPP and C allocation to tree components in forests is not well understood. This is true for tropical forests, but particularly for African tropical forests. Studying forest ecosystems along elevation and related temperature and moisture gradients is one possible approach to address this question. However, the inclusion of belowground productivity data in such studies is scarce. On Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), we studied aboveground (wood increment, litter fall) and belowground (fine and coarse root) NPP along three elevation transects (c. 1800–3900 m a.s.l.) across four tropical montane forest types to derive C allocation to the major tree components. Total NPP declined continuously with elevation from 8.5 to 2.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1 due to significant decline in aboveground NPP, while fine root productivity (sequential coring approach) remained unvaried with around 2 Mg C ha−1 year−1, indicating a marked shift in C allocation to belowground components with elevation. The C and N fluxes to the soil via root litter were far more important than leaf litter inputs in the subalpine Erica forest. Thus, the shift of C allocation to belowground organs with elevation at Mt. Kilimanjaro and other tropical forests suggests increasing nitrogen limitation of aboveground tree growth at higher elevations. Our results show that studying fine root productivity is crucial to understand climate effects on the carbon cycle in tropical forests.
A qualitative systematic review of the social eating and drinking experiences of patients following treatment for head and neck cancer
Authors: Dornan Mark , Semple Cherith , Moorhead Anne , McCaughan Eilís 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients living with and beyond head and neck cancer (HNC) often have long-term, functional challenges as a result of treatment. A key functional challenge relates to eating and drinking; often associated with physical, emotional, and social difficulties. Eating and drinking with family members and friends can become a struggle, increasing the risk of social isolation and loneliness. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise the literature on the experiences of social eating and drinking for patients following treatment for HNC.

Methods
Six electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched using subject headings and free-text word searches in February 2020. Citation chaining and Google Scholar were used to identify grey literature. PRISMA procedures were followed.

Results
Of 6910 records identified, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis of the research findings results in two major themes: (1) the experience of loss associated with social eating and drinking, and (2) adjusting and support to promote social eating and drinking.

Conclusion
Losses associated with social eating affect a patient’s psychological and emotional well-being and impact on close relationships. To promote positive participation in social eating, patients were more likely to seek and receive support from someone within their close social network, rather than a healthcare professional. Family and friends are an essential source of support and are integral in facilitating engagement with social eating following treatment for HNC. Future interventions should promote family orientated resources, incorporating self-management strategies.
Long-term safety and efficacy of opicapone in Japanese Parkinson’s patients with motor fluctuations
Authors: Takeda Atsushi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Tsuboi Yoshio , Nomoto Masahiro , Maeda Tetsuya , Nishimura Akihisa , Yoshida Kazuo , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe double-blind part of the COMFORT-PD (COMt-inhibitor Findings from Opicapone Repeated Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease) study in Japanese levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson’s disease and motor fluctuations found that both opicapone 25 and 50 mg were significantly more effective than placebo. This 52-week open-label extension study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of opicapone 50 mg tablets in patients who completed the double-blind part of the COMFORT-PD study. Safety was monitored via adverse events, laboratory testing, and physical, cardiovascular and neurological examinations. Efficacy was primarily assessed by change in OFF-time. Secondary efficacy measures included: ON-time, percentage of OFF/ON-time responders, other outcomes from the double-blind part. 391/437 patients were transferred to the open-label extension period and included in the safety analysis set (full analysis set, n = 387; open-label completers, n = 316). Adverse events were frequently reported (n = 338, 86.4%), but < 50% were considered drug-related (39.9%) and few were considered serious (2.6%) or led to discontinuation (2.8%). Decreased OFF-time was consistently observed over the open-label period regardless of initial randomization. Change [LSM (SE)] in OFF-time from the open-label baseline to the last visit showed a persistent effect in patients initially randomized to opicapone 25 mg [− 0.37 (0.20) h, P = 0.0689] and opicapone 50 mg [− 0.07 (0.21) h, P = 0.6913] whereas opicapone 50 mg led to a statistically significant reduction in the previous placebo group [− 1.26 (0.19) h, P < 0.05]. Once-daily opicapone 50 mg was generally well tolerated and consistently reduced OFF-time over 52 weeks in Japanese levodopa-treated patients with motor fluctuations.Trial registration JapicCTI-153112; date of registration: December 25, 2015.
Impact of Ocean Acidification on Ecosystem Functioning and Services in Habitat-Forming Species and Marine Ecosystems
Authors: Zunino Serena , Libralato Simone , Melaku Canu Donata , Prato Giulia , Solidoro Cosimo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is expected to impact habitat-forming species (HFS), with cascading effects on the whole marine ecosystem and related services that are seldom quantified. Here, the changes in HFSs biomass due to OA are modeled using a food web ecosystem model, and the trophic and non-trophic cascading effects on the marine community are investigated. The food web model represents a well-studied coastal marine protected area in the NW Mediterranean Sea where coralligenous reefs and Posidonia oceanica meadows constitute important HFS. The model is used to implement 5 scenarios of habitat degradation, that is, reduction of HFS biomass, induced by increasing OA and to quantify the potential changes in ecosystem properties and indicators of ecosystem services over the next 100 years. The changes in ecosystem indicators highlight a decrease in the size of the system and a reorganization of energy flows suggesting a high degree of ecosystem development. All the proxies for ecosystem services show significant decreases in their values. Although representing only a portion of the possible impacts of OA, the findings are consistent with the idea that ecological systems can react to OA effects to maintain the level of ecosystem development, but the new organization might not be optimal from an anthropocentric viewpoint.
“Educate, Agitate, Organize”: Inequality and Ethics in the Writings of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
Authors: Kumar Arun , Bapuji Hari , Mir Raza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScholars of business and management studies have recently turned their attention to inequality, a key issue for business ethics given the role of private firms in transmitting—and potentially challenging—inequalities. However, this research is yet to examine inequality from a subaltern perspective. In this paper, we discuss the alleviation of inequalities in organizational and institutional contexts by drawing on the ideas of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a jurist, political leader and economist, and one of the unsung social theorists of the twentieth century. Specifically, we focus on Ambedkar’s critique of the Indian caste system, his outline of comprehensive reform, and prescription of representational politics to achieve equality. We contend that an Ambedkarite ethical manifesto of persuasion—focussed on state-led institutional reforms driven by the subaltern—can help management researchers reimagine issues of inequality and extend business ethics beyond organizational boundaries.
New pharmacotherapy options for noninfectious posterior uveitis
Authors: Pleyer Uwe , Neri Piergiorgio , Deuter Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Noninfectious inflammation of the posterior eye segment represents an important cause of visual impairment. It often affects relatively young people and causes a significant personal and social impact. Although steroids and nonbiologic-
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (nbDMARDs) are effective both in acute and long- lasting diseases, however they are increasingly being replaced by biologic (DMARDs). bDMARD. This article therefore aims to identify recent advances in the therapy of noninfectious posterior segment uveitis.

Methods
A Medline-search was conducted using the terms: nbDMARD, bDMARD, posterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, treatment, corticosteroid. In addition, clinical studies were included as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.

Results
Currently two major lines of treatments can be identified: (1) the intraocular application of anti-inflammatory agents and (2) the introduction of new agents, e.g., (bDMARDs) and small-molecule-inhibitors. Whereas intravitreal treatments have the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, new systemic agents are progressively earning credit on the basis of their therapeutic effects.

Conclusion
Even when current treatment strategies are still hampered by the limited number of randomized controlled trials, promising progress and continuous efforts are seen.
DNA fingerprinting reveals varietal composition of Vietnamese cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from farmers’ field and genebank collections
Authors: Ocampo John , Ovalle Tatiana , Labarta Ricardo , Le Dung Phuong , de Haan Stefan , Vu Nguyen Anh , Kha Le Quy , Becerra Lopez-Lavalle Luis A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKey messageA molecular analysis using informative SNP markers in 1570 clones of cassava from Vietnam reveals varietal composition from farmers’ field and genebank collectionsAbstractCassava is the most important smallholder cash crops in Southeast Asia and is especially used in industrial products. Yet, systematic genetic studies on molecular markers from Vietnamese germplasm have not been considered for breeding and conservation programs. We conducted a molecular analysis of 1570 clones of cassava germplasm from farms across six agro-ecological zones using informative SNP markers. We unraveled the genetic diversity and population structure and provided insights into the value of breeding and conservation programs. Duplicated genotypes comprised 98% of the total sample of the Central Highlands region. Ninety-six SNPs were amplified Central Highlands and South East provinces had the highest allelic richness, covering up to 83% of alleles. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.43) was slightly higher than expected (He = 0.40) across SNP markers, suggesting an excess of heterozygotes plants. Diversity indexes indicated that cassava populations from North West and Eastern Vietnam are genetically diverse (meanHe = 0.40). Genetic parentage tests identified 85 unique genetic groups within the varieties KM94, KM419, BRA1305, KM101, KM140, PER262, KM60, KM57 and two unidentified varieties, which accounted for 82% of the frequency distribution. KM94 is the most dominant variety in Vietnamese farms surveyed (38%), reflecting its superior quality and productivity. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed four main subgroups, which were partially corroborated by neighbor joining (NJ) analyses. After removing duplicates, 31 unique genotypes were distributed across five of the agro-ecological zones. These were well distributed in the subgroups revealed via DAPC and NJ analyses. The genetic groups identified herein could be used to select unique accessions that should ideally conform with ex situ germplasm collections and identify areas where on-farm conservation programs should be targeted. Newly identified genotypes may also contribute as genetic breeding resources that could be used to adapt cassava to future changes and farmers’ needs.
Evaluation of publications by the part-set method
Authors: Vinkler Péter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral scientists publish journal papers on more than only a single scientific field or subfield. However, in evaluating the impact of publications of individuals their all scientific publications are taken into account, in general. In this paper a new method, namely thepart-set methodis introduced for assessing papers according to the respective fields and forming acumulative impactindex. In assessing publications of scientists,elite setindicators (e.g.h-index,g-index, top percentage indices,π-index) are preferably used recently. For obtaining elite sets, we may applyinsidestandards, i.e. values derived from the number of papers and citations in the set analysed, orfield(outside) standards taking into account the same factors referring to all papers on the corresponding field. For model calculations some scientometricians are selected who publish papers not only on scientometrics but also on other (e.g. physics, chemistry, medicine, etc.) fields. Consequently, their papers formcomplexsets of whichpart-sets may show different bibliometric features. In this publication, the number of papers in the elite set of the scientometric part-set and their citations are presented using both inside and outside standards. No significant correlation was found between the number ofpapersin the elite sets obtained by inside and that calculated by field standards. The number ofcitationsin the different elite sets calculated by both inside and outside standards however, significantly correlates with each other. The presented model indicates that the sum ofh-index of two part-sets derived from a common complex (total) set can beequal toorhigherthan theh-index of the corresponding complex set. In contrast, the sum ofπ-index of two part-sets can behigherorlower thanorequal totheπ-index of the parent complex set. The model reveals that themaximumvalue of the sum ofh-index of two part-sets belonging to the same complex set can be two times theh-index of the corresponding complex set. In evaluatingtotalscientific impact (e.g. life-work) of publications of scientists who are active in several fields, the application ofsum(or weighted sum) of the pertinent impact indices (e.g.horπ-index) obtained for the individual fieldsseparatelymay be recommended instead of calculating the impact of the total set.