bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-9 The effect of management practices on eggshell cleanliness, bacteria levels and cuticle deposition in free-range poultry
Authors: Bosland Julie , Sartini Becky 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Small-scale egg production is a growing industry in New England; however, foodborne illness risk exists from small-scale free-range eggs due to lack of guidelines for safe handling and management practices. We hypothesized that the manure level (ML) of the eggs along with management practices will affect both the total bacterial levels (relative light units= RLU) and the cuticle deposition (CD) of the eggshell. Hens (n = 53) were used in this study and housed at Peckham Farm (URI; Kingston, RI) in a mobile coop that allowed free ranging. The management practice experiments were divided into nest box type, location, substrate and time/frequency of collection. The CD experiments involved nesting boxes and nest substrate. Data were analyzed using SAS proc mixed/two sample t-test (P ≤ 0.05). There is a difference in ML between level 1 and 2 and level 1 and 3 eggs. Eggs collected from the conventional (CONV; n = 37) and rollaway (n = 25) nest boxes showed no difference in RLU or CD (P ≥ 0.42). Eggs collected from CONV with different nesting substrates (straw, shavings, AstroTurf nest pad; n = 179) showed no difference in RLU and CD (P ≥ 0.28). Nest box location (mounted vs floor level) showed no difference (P ≥ 0.65) in RLU values from eggs collected from CONV nest boxes. Time of collection (1pm vs 8 am) had a significant impact (P ≤ 0.02) in RLU values; however, frequency of collection showed no impact (P ≥ 0.49). The bacteria levels were most likely lower in the afternoon collection because the eggs laid that day did not spend as much time in nest boxes. In conclusion, although different nest boxes or substrates did not change eggshell bacteria levels, management practices that minimize manure levels on eggs and increase the frequency of collection can help to maintain lower bacteria levels to reduce food safety risk.
PSV-13 Understanding the role of zinc and manganese in proliferation and protein synthesis of primary bovine satellite cells
Authors: Alberto Anthony F , Smith Laura A , Reichhardt Caleb C , Hansen Stephanie L , Thornton Kara J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Trace minerals are vital for the health and growth of livestock, supporting multiple biochemical processes in the body. There are several different signaling pathways that may be affected by trace minerals, ultimately altering growth of skeletal muscle. However, it is currently unknown how trace minerals specifically impact growth of skeletal muscle. As such, the objective of this study was to determine how zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) affect proliferation and protein synthesis of primary bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Cultures were grown to 80% confluency and treated in 1% fetal bovine serum (control), 0.05, 0.10 or 0.25 µM of Mn, or 10, 20 or 40 µM of Zn to assess proliferation. Additionally, the above treatments were applied to fused BSC cultures in serum free media (control) to measure protein synthesis. The trace mineral concentrations chosen were based off known ranges of circulating concentrations of Zn or Mn. A series of contrasts were constructed to determine whether growth of BSC cultures was different between the treated and control cultures. Treatment with 10 µM Zn increased (P = 0.03) proliferation when compared to control cultures. However, treatment with Mn at the tested concentration did not (P &gt; 0.12) result in proliferation rates that were different than the control cultures. Treatment with 10 µM Zn, 20 µM Zn, or 0.5 µM Mn increased (P &lt; 0.05) protein synthesis compared to control cultures. These results indicate Zn is capable of increasing proliferation and both Zn and Mn increase protein synthesis of BSC cultures. Additional research is needed to couple trace mineral nutrition with knowledge of BSC biology to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which trace minerals may function to support bovine skeletal muscle growth.
PSV-6 Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with advanced skeletal maturity in finished beef heifers
Authors: Walker-Shira Katie A , Murdoch Brenda M , Colacchio Antonetta M , Davenport Kimberly M , Colle Michael J , Bass Phillip D , Murdoch Gordon K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accelerated skeletal maturity is prevalent in modern commercial heifers harvested under 30 months of age. It is hypothesized that selection for increased growth and earlier reproductive maturity over several decades, unintentionally co-selected for precocious skeletal ossification in heifers. This study examines the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beef heifers with developmental maturity (A-, B-, C- Maturity) assessed at harvest, and evaluates specific genotype and production implant potency interactions. Two SNPs within Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) and one SNP within Alkaline Phosphatase (ALPL) genes that have been previously associated with carcass skeletal maturity were examined. USDA inspected beef heifer carcasses (&lt; 30 months) that were A- (n = 318), B- (n = 296), or C- (n = 251) skeletal maturity were sampled. DNA was extracted and SNP genotypes were ascertained using custom designed allelic discrimination assays (Taqman® Custom SNP Assays). Dominant and basic association tests were performed, and the impact of implants were evaluated as co-variates against genotypes using a linear regression model in the SNP and Variation Suite (SVS) software (Golden Helix, Inc.). A significant association with skeletal maturity was detected with ESR1 SNP 1 (P &lt; 0.05) and a trend observed with ALPL (P &lt; 0.1), but there was no significance identified in ESR1 SNP 2. A highly significant interaction with genotype and incidence of skeletal maturity was identified for ESR1 SNP 1 (P &lt; 0.01) and ALPL (P &lt; 0.01) when estrogenic implant concentration was included. There exists a strong relationship for these genotypes and advanced skeletal maturity in commercial heifers which is influenced by estrogenic potency of the commercial implant used. This study confirms the association of previously identified genotypes with advanced skeletal maturity and provides evidence that genetic variations in ESR1 play an important role in the regulation of bone mineralization in heifers.
PSII-9 Free amino acids in pre- and post-rigor muscles from beef cattle under induced oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Fornes Corbin R , Penrod Bethaney M , Rivera Daniel , Dinh Thu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study examined the effects of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide on free amino acids in pre-and post-rigor muscles from beef heifers (n = 18). Cattle were supplemented with ground corn and soybean hulls to 310 to 456 kg of BW while grazing cool and warm-season pastures and were evaluated for preliminary oxidative markers; afterward, they were shipped and finished at a commercial feedlot in Iowa. Animals were blocked into three groups based on prior analysis of oxidative stress markers and two treatments of either 20 mg hydrogen peroxide/kg BW (OX, n = 9) or 10 mL of saline (CON, n = 9) were equally and randomly assigned to animals within each block. On the day before slaughter, the OX and CON treatments were administered intravenously through the jugular vein. Pre-rigor muscles were collected at the neck (splenius) during slaughter; whereas post-rigor muscles were collected at the anterior of the beef loins (longissimus lumborum) at 72 h postmortem. Free amino acids were extracted in phosphate buffer, derivatized by propyl chloroformate, and determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with treatment, muscle rigor, and their interaction as fixed effects. Twenty-seven amino acids were quantified and ornithine and glutamine were 0.03 and 2.99 mmole/kg greater in OX muscle than in CON muscle (P = 0.031 and 0.024, respectively). Ten amino acids, such as glutamine and glutamic acid, were greater in pre-rigor muscles (P ≤ 0.003); whereas eleven amino acids were greater in post-rigor muscles, such as ß-aminoisobutyric acid and histidine (P ≤ 0.039). No treatment × time interaction was found (P &gt; 0.069). Both ornithine and glutamine have been reported to reduce oxidative stress. Postmortem metabolism also greatly influences free amino acid concentrations.
PSIX-22 Assessment of the influence of IGF2 gene polymorphism in boars on economically significant traits
Authors: Karpushkina Tatiana V , Svegentseva Nadezhda A , Fornara Margaret S , Bardukov Nikolay V , Kostyunina Olga V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studies of polymorphism in the IGF2 gene are of interest due to their association with economically useful traits in pigs. The aim of this work was to study the effect of IGF2 polymorphism on the variability of meat and fattening traits in pigs and to control the preservation of high reproductive qualities. The genotyping was performed using RT-PCR approaches were generated on the genetic resource collection of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The total of 272 Large White (LW) and 301 Landrace (L) boars was investigated. Genotypes have been identified: at LW AA 73.5%, AG 23.2%, GG 3.3%; for L AA 10.3%, AG 35.2%, GG 54.5%. Reproductive performance evaluated on 22082 farrows from these boars. Analysis of productivity data was performed taking advantage of the model: y=μ+Breed+IGF2+Breed×IGF2+e, where y is the productivity index (for traits: weight at start of the test (BWs), weight at the end of the test (BWe), age of reaching 100 kg (AGE100), average daily gain (ADG), fat thickness (BF), litter size (LS), live-born (LB) and stillborn piglets (SB), the number of weaned piglets (Wean), the weaning weight (WWT), µ is the total average for a sample of n animals; Breed - the influence of the breed factor; IGF2 - gene factor effect; Breed×IGF2 - factor interaction effect; e - error. A significant effect of the IGF2 gene on variability was revealed at P &lt; 0.001 BWe, ADG, LS, LB, Wean, WWT, at P &lt; 0.01 on BWs, AGE100; when factors interact at P &lt; 0.001 on ADG, AGE100, Wean, WWT, at P &lt; 0.05 on LB. Revealed animals with genotype AA showed the best results in terms of meat and feeding qualities, as well as reproductive qualities. This research was supported by the Ministry of science and higher education No 0445-2021-0008.
PSIX-27 Effects of supplemented zinc oxide in post-weaning piglets from d 25 to d 52 of age
Authors: Riedmüller Jonathan , Männer Klaus , Vahjen Wilfried , Piñon Arturo , Monteiro Alessandra , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Supplementation of pharmacological levels of ZnO (3000 ppm) is widely used for prevention and treatment of diarrhea in weaning piglets and to improve their performance. However, this practice has raised concerns about environmental impact, antimicrobial resistance and nutritional interactions. In this study we compared graded amounts of regular ZnO to equivalent levels of potentiated ZnO (HiZox), added to the piglet’s diets. Our aim was to assess possible advantages of different Zn sources as well as a reduction potential regarding the supplemented dose. Therefore, 1440 piglets (initial BW 10.1 ± 1.55 kg) were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments: supplementation of 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 3000 ppm of Zn from regular ZnO or equivalent from HiZox. From day 1 to day 14, piglets were fed dietary treatments accordingly; from day 15 to day 28 all groups received HiZox at 150 ppm. Performance was recorded on d 1, 14 and 28 on trial.The highest (P &lt; 0.001) ADG was observed for piglets fed HiZox at 3000 ppm (247 g/d), while HiZox at 900 ppm and regular ZnO at 3000 ppm presented the same ADG values. The subsequent 14-day levelling to 150 ppm of HiZox led on average to similar body weight gains (ZnO: 7.05 kg; HiZox: 6.93 kg). ADFI increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the first 14 d of trial with increasing Zn levels for both sources. Comparison of ZnO at 3000 ppm and HiZox at 900 ppm showed similar effects on improving fecal consistency during the first two weeks after weaning, which may be due to the more effective surface specific area of HiZox than regular ZnO. In conclusion, HiZox at 900 ppm can be used for improving growth performance and fecal consistency during the first two weeks after weaning as an alternative to the pharmacological level of regular ZnO.
PSIX-30 Modulating action of fish oil on serum profiles of pigs exposed to prenatal inflammatory signals
Authors: Rymut Haley E , Keever Marissa R , Perez Olivia , Rund Laurie A , Johnson Rodney W , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory signals elicited in response to stressors during gestation can affect fetal development and can have prolonged postnatal effects in the offspring. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of viral infection during gestation on nursed piglets, and to investigate possible modulating effects of fish oil. A total of 36 pigs were studied, distributed across three gilt treatment groups and sexes within treatment group. One-third of the piglets served as reference, being born from gilts that were not exposed to viral infection and receiving a non-supplemented diet. Another third of the piglets were born from gilts that were challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory virus during the last third of gestation and receiving a non-supplemented diet. The remaining piglets were born from gilts that were challenged with the virus and were supplemented with fish oil (2.5 g of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaeonic acid). All gilts received diets that met nutritional requirements during gestation and lactation (~90% corn and soybean meal). The piglets remained with the gilts and nursed until 22 d of age at which time blood was drawn and the levels of metabolic parameters were measured. The immune challenge during gestation had a significant effect on the level of globulin (P &lt; 0.02). The globulin levels were higher in female piglets from gilts infected during gestation relative to control gilts. The blood level of triglycerides was similar between piglets from reference gilts and viral-infected gilts supplemented with fish oil, and lower than in piglets from non-supplemented infected gilts. Our results demonstrate that fish oil supplementation can modulate effects of infection during gestation on the piglet. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
A peculiar Type II QSO identified via broad-band detection of extreme nebular line emission
Authors: Lin Yu-Heng , Scarlata Claudia , Hayes Matthew , Feltre Anna , Charlot Stephane , Bongiorno Angela , Väisänen Petri , Mogotsi Moses 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present S82-20, an unusual redshift ≈3 object identified in SDSS-Stripe 82 broad-band images. The rest-frame ultraviolet spectrum of S82-20 shows emission lines from highly ionized species, including He ii λ1640, and the C iv λλ1548, 1550 and O vi λλ1032, 1038 doublets. The high Ly α luminosity (3.5 × 1044 erg s−1), the high emission line equivalent widths (&gt;200 Å for Ly α), the full width at half-maximum of the emission lines (&lt;800 km s−1), and the high ionization O vi line strongly support the interpretation that S82-20 is a Type II Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs). However, photoionization models using Type II QSO do not fully explain the measured C iv/He ii line ratio, which requires either some contribution from star formation or high velocity shocks. Additionally, S82-20 is not detected at wavelengths longer than 2 μm, in tension with the expectation of isotropically infrared emission of a luminous QSO. We consider the possibility that S82-20 is a rare example of a changing-look QSO, observed in a temporarily low state, where the broad line region has faded, while the narrow line region still emits emission line. Otherwise, it may be a rare case of the short phase of the life of a massive galaxy, in which active star formation and accretion on to a supermassive black hole coexist.
DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) update report 2021
Authors: Okido Toshihisa , Kodama Yuichi , Mashima Jun , Kosuge Takehide , Fujisawa Takatomo , Ogasawara Osamu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Bioinformation and DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) Center (DDBJ Center; https://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) operates archival databases that collect nucleotide sequences, study and sample information, and distribute them without access restriction to progress life science research as a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), in collaboration with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the European Bioinformatics Institute. Besides the INSDC databases, the DDBJ Center also provides the Genomic Expression Archive for functional genomics data and the Japanese Genotype-phenotype Archive for human data requiring controlled access. Additionally, the DDBJ Center started a new public repository, MetaboBank, for experimental raw data and metadata from metabolomics research in October 2020. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the DDBJ Center openly shares SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in collaboration with Shizuoka Prefecture and Keio University. The operation of DDBJ is based on the National Institute of Genetics (NIG) supercomputer, which is open for large-scale sequence data analysis for life science researchers. This paper reports recent updates on the archival databases and the services of DDBJ.
Fashion
Authors: Spooner Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fashion is perhaps the ultimate decadent medium: fashionable dress has been critiqued by moralists for extravagance, luxury, and sexual licentiousness since classical times. This chapter focuses on fashion since the Industrial Revolution, when mass textile production and the rapid dissemination of Parisian styles across Europe and America enabled the development of a rapidly changing fashion system. It shows how, within emergent modernity, decadent dress was characterized by its embrace of artifice; this reached its apotheosis in dandyism and the cult of extraordinary individuality, whereby sartorial expression is used to make the body into a work of art. The chapter examines the gendering of decadent fashion and the figure of the female dandy; and finally appraises the contemporary fashion industry’s embrace of beauty in decay. It concludes that far from an evacuation of moral responsibility, the decadence of fashion may be a means of astute political commentary.
Gender and Embodiment as Negotiated Relations
Authors: Crawley S. L. , Green Ashley 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gender pervades every part of life, from identity and embodied practices to institutional and transnational social order. An interactionist approach recognizes that gender is constituted by pervasive, thoroughgoing, situational organizing practices of meaning-making pervading our worlds, which are always relational and emergent among people in institutional contexts at historical moments. Gender identities are not a feature of “types” of individuals but, rather, comprise negotiated relations between and among us—which can be normalizing or resistant. This chapter examines the development of sociological theory on gender and embodiment. It begins by looking at a brief timeline of the last 150 years of the everyday (US) “queer” lexicon to demonstrate how academic concepts seem to intertwine with the proliferation of everyday identities in the mundane world. The chapter then outlines its beginnings in microsociology, the connections between micro and macro theorizations, and emergent masculinities, femininities, transgender, and non-binary identity practices, pointing to various paradigm shifts along the way including feminisms, intersectionality, and queer theory. Constantly in production for everyone, gender proliferates as negotiated relations, made especially visible by resistance identities. We conclude briefly with future directions.
Administrative Justice in Transitional States
Authors: Dragos Dacian C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter surveys the state of academic knowledge, conceptual consistency, and theoretical debate relevant for two subtopics of administrative justice narrative: the legal treatment of administrative silence and the alternative dispute resolution tools. The legal fictions associated with administrative silence and the interplay between the two avenues of dispute solving—administrative and judicial—are a persistent preoccupation of the administrative law discourse in modern times. This is even more significant in transitional countries, where the legal tradition was interrupted by political changes and restarted decades later. The chapter seeks to identify and provide a survey of these recurring themes in administrative justice research from the perspective of transitional (former Communist) democracies from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), taken as a case study. It identifies the challenges posed by the administrative silence and by the adoption of ADR tools meant to alleviate the burden from the courts. The chapter concludes that the success of different (sometimes competing) approaches is highly dependent on the legal culture of the system in which they are implemented.
Youth Participation in Political Violence
Authors: Rosen David M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Throughout history, young people have been involved in political violence and war; however, the way this involvement is constructed varies dramatically by culture. In the preindustrial world, youth cultures or subcultures that mark and honor violence held complex relationships to the values of the wider community. In the nineteenth-century hunting-and-gathering communities of the Great Plains of the United States, the values of youth reflected the values held by adults. Elsewhere, such as among the Maasai and Samburu of East Africa, elements of youth cultures sometimes embodied opposition to the adult world. Despite these differences, the experiences of youth usually serve as a passageway to assuming normative adult roles within the existing social order. An important shift took place around the beginning of the twentieth century when, at least in part, war and revolution were carried out not just by young fighters but in the name of youth. The emphasis on youth and its transformative power signaled and legitimized the hope of a new social order. Though these wars often harnessed the revolutionary energy of young fighters, when the revolutionary moment became institutionalized, there was often a disjuncture between the values of youth culture and the emerging post-revolutionary norms. However, youth violence is culturally and socially constructed, “youth” as a social category is temporally limited, so its usefulness as the basis of permanent political power is ephemeral. Thus, youth culture and its attachment to violence always remain politically excluded from the hierarchy of power.