bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex-wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse
Authors: Boyne Pierce , Awosika Oluwole O. , Luo Yu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) has been implicated as an important mediator of motor recovery and rehabilitation after central nervous system damage. However, its origins, trajectory and laterality are not well understood. This study mapped the mouse CRP in comparison with the corticospinal tract (CST). We systematically searched the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (© 2011 Allen Institute for Brain Science) for experiments that used anterograde tracer injections into the right isocortex in mice. For each eligible experiment (N=607), CRP and CST projection strength were quantified by the tracer volume reaching the reticular formation motor nuclei (RFmotor) and pyramids respectively. Tracer density in each brain voxel was also correlated with RFmotor versus pyramids projection strength to explore the relative trajectories of the CRP and CST. We found significant CRP projections originating from the primary and secondary motor cortices, anterior cingulate, primary somatosensory cortex and medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with the CST, the CRP had stronger projections from each region except the primary somatosensory cortex. Ipsilateral projections were stronger than contralateral for both tracts (above the pyramidal decussation), but the CRP projected more bilaterally than the CST. The estimated CRP trajectory was anteromedial to the CST in the internal capsule and dorsal to the CST in the brainstem. Our findings reveal a widespread distribution of CRP origins and confirm strong bilateral CRP projections, theoretically increasing the potential for partial sparing after brain lesions and contralesional compensation after unilateral injury.SIGNIFICANCEThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) provides volitional input to brainstem nuclei that generate walking command signals, facilitate balance and direct limb movements. Upregulation of this pathway appears to be a central mechanism of movement recovery after brain and spinal cord injury, but its anatomy is not well understood. We showed that the mouse CRP originates from widespread parts of the cortex, including non-motor regions, that it projects strongly to both sides of the brainstem, and that its projections are more distributed and bilateral than the corticospinal tract. These findings suggest that the CRP may be particularly resilient to complete disruption.
Polygenic variation in sexual investment across an ephemerality gradient inDaphnia pulex
Authors: Barnard-Kubow Karen , Becker Dörthe , Murray Connor S. , Porter Robert , Gutierrez Grace , Erickson Priscilla , Nunez Joaquin C. B. , Voss Erin , Suryamohan Kushal , Ratan Aakrosh , Beckerman Andrew , Bergland Alan O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpecies across the tree of life can switch between asexual and sexual reproduction. In facultatively sexual species, the ability to switch between reproductive modes is often environmentally dependent and subject to local adaptation. However, the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence the maintenance and turnover of polymorphism associated with facultative sex remain unclear. To address this basic question, we studied the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of polymorphism in reproductive strategy in a metapopulation of the model facultative sexual,Daphnia pulex, located in the southern United Kingdom. We found that patterns of clonal diversity, but not genetic diversity varied with ephemerality. Reconstruction of a multi-year pedigree demonstrated the co-existence of clones that were found to differ in their investment into male production. Mapping of quantitative variation in male production using lab-generated and field-collected individuals identified multiple putative QTL underlying this trait, and we identified a plausible candidate gene. The evolutionary history of these QTL suggests that they are relatively young, and male limitation in this system is a rapidly evolving trait. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of the genetic structure and composition of facultative sex across space and time and suggests that quantitative genetic variation in reproductive strategy can undergo rapid evolutionary turnover.
An empirically-driven guide on using Bayes Factors for M/EEG decoding
Authors: Teichmann Lina , Moerel Denise , Baker Chris , Grootswagers Tijl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBayes Factors can be used to provide quantifiable evidence for contrasting hypotheses and have thus become increasingly popular in cognitive science. However, Bayes Factors are rarely used to statistically assess the results of neuroimaging experiments. Here, we provide an empirically-driven guide on implementing Bayes Factors for time-series neural decoding results. Using real and simulated Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, we examine how parameters such as the shape of the prior and data size affect Bayes Factors. Additionally, we discuss benefits Bayes Factors bring to analysing multivariate pattern analysis data and show how using Bayes Factors can be used instead or in addition to traditional frequentist approaches.
The impact of mutation L138F/L210F on the Orai channel: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Yu Hua , Liu Xiangdong , Song Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, composed of the Orai channel and the STIM protein, plays a crucial role in maintaining the Ca2+ concentration in cells. Previous studies showed that the L138F mutation in the human Orai1 creates a constitutively open channel independent of STIM, causing severe myopathy, but how the L138F mutation activates Orai1 is still unclear. Here, based on the crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster Orai (dOrai), molecular dynamics simulations for the wild-type (WT) and the L210F (corresponding to L138F in the human Orai1) mutant were conducted to investigate their structural and dynamical properties. The results showed that the L210F dOrai mutant tends to have a more hydrated hydrophobic region (V174 to F171), as well as more dilated basic region (K163 to R155) and selectivity filter (E178). Sodium ions were located deeper in the mutant than in the WT. Further analysis revealed two local but essential conformational changes that may be the key to the activation. A rotation of F210, a previously undescribed feature, was found to result in the opening of the K163 gate through hydrophobic interactions. At the same time, a counter-clockwise rotation of F171 occurred more frequently in the mutant, resulting in a wider hydrophobic gate with more hydration. Ultimately, the opening of the two gates may facilitate the opening of the Orai channel independent of STIM.
Norepinephrine activates β1-adrenergic receptors localized to the inner nuclear membrane in cortical astrocytes
Authors: Benton Kelsey C. , Wheeler Daniel S. , Kurtoglu Beliz , Bagher Zadeh Ansari Mahshid , Cibich Daniel P. , Gonzalez Dante A. , Herbst Matthew R. , Khursheed Saema , Knorr Rachel C. , Lobner Doug , Maglasang Jenree G. , Rohr Kayla E. , Taylor Analisa , Witt Paul J. , Gasser Paul J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTStudies in cardiomyocytes have established that adrenergic receptors, conventionally thought to initiate signaling events exclusively from the plasma membrane, can also localize to and signal from the nuclear membrane. Activation of these receptors by their endogenous cationic ligands requires transmembrane uptake mediated by organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3). We have demonstrated that OCT3 is densely localized to outer nuclear membranes in neurons and astrocytes, suggesting that nuclear adrenergic signaling is also present in the central nervous system. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization of β1-adrenergic receptors, their G-protein signaling partners, and catecholamine transporters in mouse astrocytes. We identified a population of β1-adrenergic receptors localized to astrocyte inner nuclear membranes. We demonstrated that key components of Gs-mediated signaling are localized to the nuclear compartment and identified OCT3 and other catecholamine transporters localized to plasma and nuclear membranes. Treatment of astrocytes with norepinephrine induced rapid increases in nuclear PKA activity which were blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of catecholamine transport. These data indicate that nuclear β1-adrenergic receptors are functionally coupled to Gs-coupled signaling mediators and that their activation by norepinephrine requires transporter-mediated uptake. These receptors represent a powerful mechanism by which norepinephrine may alter astrocyte gene expression and brain function.
Optimal propeller blade design, computation, manufacturing and experimental testing
Authors: Kovačević Aleksandar , Svorcan Jelena , Hasan Mohammad Sakib , Ivanov Toni , Jovanović Miroslav 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Modern unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are usually equipped with rotors connected to electric motors that enable them to hover and fly in all directions. The purpose of the paper is to design optimal composite rotor blades for such small UAVs and investigate their aerodynamic performances both computationally and experimentally.

Design/methodology/approach
Artificial intelligence method (genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the blade airfoil described by six input parameters. Furthermore, different computational methods, e.g. vortex methods and computational fluid dynamics, blade element momentum theory and finite element method, are used to predict the aerodynamic performances of the optimized airfoil and complete rotor as well the structural behaviour of the blade, respectively. Finally, composite blade is manufactured and the rotor performance is also determined experimentally by thrust and torque measurements.

Findings
Complete process of blade design (including geometry definition and optimization, estimation of aerodynamic performances, structural analysis and blade manufacturing) is conducted and explained in detail. The correspondence between computed and measured thrust and torque curves of the optimal rotor is satisfactory (differences mostly remain below 15%), which validates and justifies the used design approach formulated specifically for low-cost, small-scale propeller blades. Furthermore, the proposed techniques can easily be applied to any kind of rotating lifting surfaces including helicopter or wind turbine blades.

Originality/value
Blade design methodology is simplified, shortened and made more flexible thus enabling the fast and economic production of propeller blades optimized for specific working conditions.
Telephone-delivered compassion-focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: a case series
Authors: Rawlings Gregg Harry , Wright Kevin Paul , Rolling Keeley , Beail Nigel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Services are increasingly exploring the use of remote conferencing to deliver psychological interventions, which have become particularly important given the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control guidelines. This paper aims to explore the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of delivering psychological therapy remotely to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).

Design/methodology/approach
As part of routine practice within an adult ID community health service, this paper develops a six-session programme based on compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and delivered it to six clients. Clients completed the psychological therapy outcome scale for ID 2nd edition, at assessment, pre- and post-therapy, as well as a feasibility and acceptability measure.

Findings
Six clients engaged in telephone therapy; four clients individually, while the remaining two were supported by their caregiver. Most clients found the intervention helpful, enjoyable and were pleased that they received telephone-delivered psychological therapy. A reduction was observed at post-therapy in distress (g = 0.33) and risk (g = 0.69). No difference was reported in psychological well-being. Five clients were subsequently discharged from psychological therapy.

Originality/value
To the knowledge, this is the first study examining the use of telephone therapy (including CFT) for individuals with ID. Findings add to the growing evidence suggesting individuals with ID can benefit from receiving adapted psychological therapies. Research is required to further explore the effectiveness of remote-therapies, who would most likely benefit from this approach and how remote treatments could be used within existing pathways.
Venturing into retail: SoGal and cherry blossom intimates
Authors: Munshaw Supriya , Black Christina 
Published: June 2021

Study level/applicability
Graduate or Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Majors

Subject area
Entrepreneurship/Venture Capital (VC) Investing

Case overview
The case highlights a women-founded venture capital firm that values investments in diverse entrepreneurs and an innovative retail business started by two minority entrepreneurs. Students will be asked whether the firm should invest in the venture and will also be asked to discuss models that may help transform the retail business into a VC-backed scalable technology business.

Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the discussion, students will be able to evaluate the feasibility and scalability of a new business venture; and evaluate the alignment between a venture capital company and a new venture.

Supplementary Materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Social Implications
This case highlights the lack of resources for women and minority entrepreneurs as well as the underrepresentation of minority women in the VC industry.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship
Multilevel models of transformational leadership, behavioral integration of top management team and manager ambidexterity in SMEs
Authors: Duan Yuzhen , Peng Xiaobao , Gui Qiong , Zhou Haibin , Zhang Xuehe , Song Wei 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership (TL), behavioral integration of top management team (TMT) and team conflict on manager ambidexterity behavior.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical linear modeling has been applied to test the degree of influence of TL and behavioral integration of TMT on manager ambidexterity using data collected from 60 chief executive officers (CEOs) and 322 TMT members of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Chinese electronic commerce industry.FindingsThe results suggest the following: transformational leadership is positively associated with the behavioral integration of TMT and a high level of TMT behavioral integration strengthens the positive relationship between transformational leadership and manager ambidexterity. Also, team conflict moderates the mediating role of TMT behavioral integration in the relationship of transformational leadership to manager ambidexterity.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this study does not directly test whether transformational leadership encourages a focus on manager ambidexterity, although the results on behavioral integration draw attention to the usefulness of such leadership. Second, in focusing on manager ambidexterity, this paper omits key variables, especially skills and abilities.Practical implicationsGiven that several aspects of leadership can be learned and adjusted, the findings suggest that organizations can improve their individual ambidexterity by helping the CEOs develop and display transformational leadership through training and mentoring. TMTs were found to rely mostly on the behavioral integration approach (collaborative behavior, quality of information exchange and joint decision-making) and team conflict management. Such reliance, in turn, predicts effective team behavioral coordination and subsequent manager ambidexterity.Originality/valueFirst, this study goes beyond the current research that focuses primarily on ambidexterity at the inter-organizational alliance, firm and business unit levels. This earlier research lacks a conceptually and empirically validated understanding of ambidexterity at the level of the manager. In contrast, by investigating and examining the antecedents of manager ambidexterity behavior, the study develops an individual perspective to elucidate the ambidextrous mechanisms. Second, the study also contributes by explaining how transformational leadership relates to manager ambidexterity. To date, only limited research has disentangled how transformational leaders enhance managers’ teamwork (e.g. behavioral integration) and how such leaders affect the ambidextrous orientation of managers.
Tenant management under COVID-19 pandemic season among informal settlement rental housing in Ghana
Authors: Miller Appau Williams , Agbenyo Fauster , Mabakeng Menare Royal 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of landlords in tenant management during COVID-19 pandemic season among informal settlement neighbourhoods in urban Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a mixed methods research approach and foregrounds the discussions of the results with the social roles theory. Using the quota sampling procedure, this study used 467 semi-structured interviews of tenants from five old informal settlement neighbourhoods in urban Ghana. This study adopted the thematic analytical technique in the results section.

Findings
This study uncovered that landlords perform a gate-keeping social relationship role in ensuring tenant safety during the COVID-19 pandemic season through the provision of security, care and support, discipline, hard work, morale building to accountability. However, this study found that most landlords do not provide tenancy agreements to tenants which strained some social relationships in tenant management.

Originality/value
The application of social roles theory in this study provides a cutting-edge approach to the study of welfare of tenants living in informal settlement housing units during periods of pandemic. This study practically provides a participatory approach to analysing and discussing the roles of landlords in tenant management and proffering solutions for formalisation of these roles in housing policies in Ghana.
Interpretable MOOC recommendation: a multi-attention network for personalized learning behavior analysis
Authors: Fan Ju , Jiang Yuanchun , Liu Yezheng , Zhou Yonghang 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCourse recommendations are important for improving learner satisfaction and reducing dropout rates on massive open online course (MOOC) platforms. This study aims to propose an interpretable method of analyzing students' learning behaviors and recommending MOOCs by integrating multiple data sources.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a deep learning method of recommending MOOCs to students based on a multi-attention mechanism comprising learning records attention, word-level review attention, sentence-level review attention and course description attention. The proposed model is validated using real-world data consisting of the learning records of 6,628 students for 1,789 courses and 65,155 reviews.FindingsThe main contribution of this study is its exploration of multiple unstructured information using the proposed multi-attention network model. It provides an interpretable strategy for analyzing students' learning behaviors and conducting personalized MOOC recommendations.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that MOOC platforms must fully utilize the information implied in course reviews to extract personalized learning preferences.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to recommend MOOCs by exploring students' preferences in course reviews. The proposed multi-attention mechanism improves the interpretability of MOOC recommendations.
Demystifying cost misperception as a challenge to green building adoption in Nigeria
Authors: Ekung Samuel , Odesola Isaac , Opoku Alex 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The pertinent information about green buildings (GB) is laden with cost misperceptions (CM) that are paraded into adoption decisions without factual clarifications. The unsupported beliefs are fundamental to the disparaging low adoption of related technologies globally. The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of CMs among construction stakeholders and why is it difficult to discredit this information?

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopted two-tier approaches involving a Delphi study and a questionnaire survey. Construction stakeholders and GB experts, totalling 415 were surveyed, while 12 professionals participated in the Delphi study. This study analysed data from 254 valid responses using Factor Analysis, Fussy Set Theory and Kruskal Wallis test to explain why CMs are prevalent.

Findings
The causes of CMs converge towards seven principal factors including low knowledge of GB practices, non-familiarity with performance metrics, inadequate evidence, poor-risk perceptions and reliance on the costs of exemplar projects. The results were explained using gaps in cost management, knowledge and sustainability accounting to show the critical improvements that can benefit GB adoption.

Practical implications
CMs are not abstract but develop from patterns that can be detected and understood within a specific context. Growing GB projects within a region would improve cost information, sustainability accounting, cost management and quality of evidence. GB cost information paraded into adoption decision processes are overestimated and overvalued beliefs of their financial implications. Tackling the important sources of CMs in the study is appropriate to improve rational decision-making aiding GB adoption.

Originality/value
This study untied causes of negative dispositions towards the cost of GB that distort stakeholders’ adoption decisions.
An improved discrete grey multivariable model for forecasting the R&D output of China—from the perspective of R&D institutions
Authors: Wang Jue , Qian Wuyong 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to make a prediction of the R&D output of China from the perspective of R&D institutions and put forward a set of policy recommendations for further development of the science and technology in China.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, an improved discrete grey multivariable model is proposed, which takes both the interaction effects and the accumulative effects into account. As the current research on China's R&D activities is generally based on the perspective of universities or industrial enterprises above designated size while few studies put their focus on R&D institutions, this paper applies the proposed model to carry out an empirical analysis based on the data of China's R&D institutions from 2009 to 2019. The prediction results from the new model are then compared with three existing approaches and the comparison results indicate that the proposed model generally outperforms existing methods. A further prediction of the R&D output in China's R&D institutions is conducted into a future horizon from 2020 to 2023 by using the model.FindingsThe results indicate that China's R&D institutions have a good development trend and broad prospects, which is closely related to China's long-term investment in science and technology. Additionally, the R&D inputs of China possess obvious interaction effects and accumulative effects.Originality/valueThe paper considers the interaction effects and the accumulative effects of R&D inputs simultaneously and proposes an improved discrete grey multivariable model, which fills the gap in previous studies.