bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of chemotherapy in the management of olfactory neuroblastoma: A 40‐year surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry study
Authors: Brisson Ryan J. , Quinn Thomas J. , Deraniyagala Rohan L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this retrospective surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry analysis, we investigated the role of chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma (ON), an exceedingly rare sino‐nasal tumor typically treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy (RT).MethodsWe analyzed all patients in the SEER registry diagnosed with a single primary malignancy of ON, a primary tumor site within the nasal cavity or surrounding sinuses, sufficient staging information to derive Kadish staging, and >0 days of survival, ensuring follow‐up data. Receipt of CT in the SEER registry was documented as either Yes or No/Unknown.ResultsSix hundred and thirty‐six patients were identified. One hundred and ninety‐five patients received CT as part of their treatment for ON. Following propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting, there was inferior overall survival (OS) (HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.2, P = .001) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.4, P < .001) for patients who received CT compared to those who were not treated with CT or had unknown CT status. On subgroup analysis, the only patient population that derived benefit from CT were patients who did not receive surgery and were treated with CT and/or RT (HR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.61, P < .001).ConclusionsBased on this retrospective SEER registry analysis, the use of CT in the management of ON is associated with decreased OS. Our analysis suggests that patients who are considered nonsurgical candidates may benefit from the addition of CT.
The Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS critical zone observatory M‐TROPICS dataset III: Hydro‐geochemical monitoring of the Mule Hole catchment, south India
Authors: Riotte Jean , Ruiz Laurent , Audry Stéphane , Baud Benjamin , Bedimo Bedimo Jean‐Pierre , Boithias Laurie , Braun Jean‐Jacques , Dupré Bernard , Duprey Jean‐Louis , Faucheux Mikael , Lagane Christelle , Marechal Jean‐Christophe , Moger Hemanth , Mohan Kumar Mandalagiri Subbarayappa , Parate Harshad , Ribolzi Olivier , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Sriramulu Buvaneshwari , Varma Murari , Sekhar Muddu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of tropical ecosystems for climate regulation, biodiversity, water and nutrient cycles, only a few Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) are located in the tropics. Among these, most are in humid climates, while very few data exist for semi‐arid and sub‐humid climates, due to the difficulty of estimating hydro‐geochemical balances in catchments with ephemeral streams. We contribute to fill this gap by presenting a meteorological and hydro‐geochemical dataset acquired at the Mule Hole catchment (4.1 km2), a pristine dry deciduous forest located in a biosphere reserve in south India. The dataset consists of time series of variables related to (i) meteorology, including rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and global radiation, (ii) hydrology, including water level and discharge at the catchment outlet, (iii) hydrogeology, including manual (monthly) and/or automated (from 15 min to hourly) groundwater levels in nine piezometers and (iv) geochemistry, including suspended sediment content in the stream and chemical composition of rainfall (event based), groundwater (monthly sampling) and stream water (storm events, 15 min to hourly frequency with an automatic sampler). The time series extend from 2003 to 2019. Measurement errors are minimized by frequent calibration of sensors and quality checks, both in the field and in the laboratory. Despite these precautions, several data gaps exist, due to occasional access restriction to the site and instrument destruction by wildlife. Results show that large seasonal and interannual variations of climatic conditions were reflected in the large variations of stream flow and groundwater recharge, as well as in water chemical composition. Notably, they reveal a long‐term evolution of groundwater storage, suggesting hydrogeological cycles on a decadal scale. This dataset, alone or in combination with other data, has already allowed to better understand water and element cycling in tropical dry forests, and the role of forest diversity on biogeochemical cycles. As tropical ecosystems are underrepresented by Critical Zone Observatories, we expect this data note to be valuable for the global scientific community.
Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient
Authors: Makino Soyoka , Tokuchi Naoko , Komai Yukio , Kunimatsu Takao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThough high rates of nitrate (NO3−) leaching from forests are undesirable, the factors significantly regulating stream NO3− concentration is not clarified yet. In Japan, not only near metropolitan areas but also the Japan Sea‐side area with heavy snowfall is well known for receiving more than 10 kg‐N ha−1 year−1 of nitrogen (N) deposition. However, NO3− concentration in stream water is relatively low in the Japan Sea‐side area compared with its concentration in other areas. We examined important environmental factors regulating stream NO3− concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region of Japan, the Kinki region (KIN) including a part of Japan Sea‐side (JSK) using Random Forest regression. The amounts of N deposition and precipitation were common regulating factors for stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition. Random forest showed the significant correlation between the factors related to ecosystem N retention and stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition, and it suggests that large N deposited during the growing season was incorporated into the ecosystem in the entire KIN. Heavy rain and snow flush N and wash out N accumulated in the surface soil, causing small N accumulation in forests. Also, large precipitation dilute NO3− concentration in baseflows. These things lowered stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition. Especially in JSK, most of N deposed with the heavy snow flushed out during the snowmelt period. We provided the first statistical confirmation using Random Forest regression that N accumulation and cycling in forest ecosystems were related to NO3− leaching from forests into streams.
Controls on stable isotopic characteristics of water vapour over Thailand
Authors: Laonamsai Jeerapong , Ichiyanagi Kimpei , Patsinghasanee Supapap , Kamdee Kiattipong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the weekly water vapour isotopic composition (δ18Ov) in Thailand. The water vapour was cryogenically collected from eight sites across the country. Two observational samples were collected over one 24‐h period each week (a daytime and a night‐time sample), from September 2013 to September 2014. The primary aim was to investigate the environmental factors influencing water vapour isotopes. The results revealed differences in water vapour isotopic values between day and night samples. Three periods of depleted δ18Ov were associated with large‐scale convective systems in September, December, and May. The statistical relationship between the climate variables and water vapour isotopes indicated that the amount of precipitation and relative humidity were the primary controls on both diurnal and seasonal isotopic variability. The temperature did not affect the δ18Ov, mainly because the atmospheric processes are a function of vertical convection rather than temperature in tropical regions. The water vapour deuterium excess (d‐excess) showed greater variability in 2013 than in 2014. The d‐excess variation reflected the differences in convection occurring in the day and night. In addition, the vapour phase data were combined with the local meteoric water line to identify the local water vapour line and the interaction between the isotopic composition of water vapour and liquid water. The water vapour isotopic patterns paralleled the precipitation isotopes on rainy days because of equilibrium isotopic exchange. Water vapour and precipitation were isotopically similar under low humidity but showed greater differences from each other under wetter conditions. The study results provide insight into water vapour isotopic characteristics in tropical regions and constrain the role of large‐scale atmospheric processes relative to isotopic variability of water vapour in Thailand and nearby countries.
Littoral vegetation predicts mollusc distribution in a network of unconnected small karstic lakes in the Mediterranean zone of Albania
Authors: Lorencová Erika , Bojková Jindřiška , Maršálková Eliška , Horsák Michal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall lakes and ponds in karstic systems have received little attention in terms of mollusc research. Although these systems represent a refuge for lentic biota in most of the Mediterranean, there are virtually no ecological studies from many regions, including Albania. Therefore, we quantitatively studied mollusc assemblages at 58 sampling sites within a compact karstic area of Central Albania and measured a set of potentially important environmental variables. Only nine ubiquitous species, including three non‐native mollusc species, were recorded. Gyraulus albus, Radix auricularia and Physa acuta were the most frequent species. Individual sites hosted notably species‐poor assemblages, ranging between zero and six species, with more than half of the studied sites being unoccupied. Mollusc presence was predicted mainly by fine substrate, depth of soft sediment and high transparency. Despite the importance of calcium for molluscs, more species were recorded at sites with a low calcium concentration. Regression tree analysis explained 40% of the total variation, defining reed cover and lake surface area as the most important variables for mollusc species richness. Based on mollusc species composition, the sites were clustered into four groups, differing mainly in submerged littoral vegetation cover, depth of soft sediment and reed cover. Our results showed that limited development of littoral vegetation and the area of lakes are the major drivers for mollusc species presence and their distribution in the studied network of unconnected karstic lakes.
Transformation of benthic communities in forest lowland streams colonised by Eurasian beaver Castor fiber (L.)
Authors: Wojton Andrzej , Kukuła Krzysztof 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeavers are an exception among animals in terms of the scale of environmental transformations they achieve. This study investigated primary environmental factors influencing the occurrence of aquatic invertebrates in lowland streams inhabited by the Eurasian beaver. The study was conducted in two forest streams inhabited by beavers, and in an uninhabited stream. In streams inhabited by beavers, the study covered seven ponds. Sections with flowing water were also analysed downstream and upstream of the ponds. Benthos and water samples were collected at each site. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and saturation were the only physicochemical parameters that indicated decreases in water quality in beaver ponds. The benthic communities of different beaver ponds were similar. The taxa that exerted the greatest influence on the similarity of the invertebrate fauna in the ponds were Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. Ostracods were also abundant in the ponds, whereas they were few in the flowing sections. Mayflies (Cloeon) and caddisflies belonging to the family Phryganeidae were also closely associated with the ponds. Caddisflies (Plectrocnemia and Sericostoma), mayflies (Baetis) and stoneflies (Nemourella and Leuctra) exhibited the highest correlation with DO concentrations, which is typical of flowing sections, and avoided stream fragments dammed by beavers. Bivalvia (Pisidium) were also abundant in each of the streams along the flowing sections. The highest number of taxa and greatest taxonomic diversity was observed in sections flowing below the beaver ponds. The engineering activity of beavers transformed the studied lowland streams, resulting in the development of rheophilic and stagnophilic communities of aquatic invertebrates, in free‐flowing and dammed sections, respectively.
The effect of climate warming on microbial loop function in peat pools and Sphagnum hollows: Mesocosm experiments
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Tarkowska‐Kukuryk Monika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change models predict a possible increase in air temperature of 2–8°C. This means that global warming will significantly affect the functioning of various types of hydrogenic ecosystems. However, the effect of the temperature increase on microbial loop function in small water bodies associated with peat ecosystems (peat pools and Sphagnum hollows) is still unknown. We used mesocosm experiments (control and treatments with a 2°C, 4°C and 8°C temperature increase) to determine the response of bacterioplankton, flagellates, testate amoebae and ciliates to simulated temperature changes, taking into account seasonal variation in the temperate climate zone. The simulated increase in climate warming increased the species richness of ciliates and the abundance of bacteria, flagellates and ciliates. In contrast, there was a decrease in the species number and abundance of testate amoebae, the top predators in peat ecosystems. The sensitivity of the various microbial groups to temperature was size‐dependent; large‐sized testate amoebae declined under warming. These shifts caused a decrease in the predator–prey mass ratio. An increase in the abundance of top predators promotes increased abundance of ciliates, and thus changes the architecture of the food web. At the same time, we observed the increase in phycoflora biomass thus can cancel the potential negative effects of warming on heterotrophic microbial activity. So, the potential effect of warming on the C budgets of peat pools and hollows is evident. A better understanding of what regulates microbial populations and activity in small reservoirs in peat bogs and unravelling of these fundamental mechanisms are particularly critical to more accurately predict how peat bogs will respond to climate disturbances.
Hydrodynamics drive pelagic communities and food web structure in a tidal environment
Authors: Young Matthew J. , Feyrer Frederick , Stumpner Paul R. , Larwood Veronica , Patton Oliver , Brown Larry R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrodynamic processes can lead to the accumulation and/or dispersal of water column constituents, including sediment, phytoplankton, and particulate detritus. Using a combination of field observations and stable isotope tracing tools, we identified how hydrodynamic processes influenced physical habitat, pelagic communities, and food web structure in a freshwater tidal system. The pelagic habitat of a terminal channel differed spatially, likely aligning with differences in hydrodynamics. Three zones that we classified by exchange with downstream habitat had distinct water quality characteristics, supported different densities of zooplankton and nekton, and exhibited disparate support from benthic and pelagic trophic pathways to pelagic consumers. Hydrodynamically driven zones and their emergent characteristics appeared sensitive to hydrology, as elevated runoff was correlated with a shift in hydrodynamic habitat and organismal distributions. The results of our study highlight the relationship between hydrodynamic processes, biological responses, and climate, and suggest that understanding the physical process can improve understanding of pelagic habitats and communities.
Naringin‐generated ROS promotes mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans
Authors: Kim Heesu , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNaringin is a flavonoid which has a therapeutic effect. However, the details of its antifungal mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. This study focused on clarifying the relationship between naringin and Candida albicans, to understand its mode of antifungal action. In general, naringin is an antioxidant, but our results indicated that 1 mM naringin generates intracellular superoxide (O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH−). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a serious impact on Ca2+ signaling and the production of mitochondrial ROS. After exposure to enhanced O2− and OH−, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial O2− generation were confirmed in C. albicans. It was verified that mitochondrial O2− transforms mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG), leading to extreme oxidative stress in mitochondria. The previously observed Ca2+ accumulation and oxidative stress resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alteration and increased mitochondrial mass. In succession, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol was detected due to MMP loss. Cytochrome c promotes the initiation of apoptosis, and further experiments were performed to assess the apoptotic hallmarks. Metacaspases activation, chromosomal condensation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine exposure were observed, indicating that naringin induces apoptosis in C. albicans. In conclusion, our findings manifested that naringin‐generated O2− and OH− damage the mitochondria and that mitochondrial dysfunction‐mediated apoptosis is novel antifungal mechanism of naringin.
Cross‐domain retinopathy classification with optical coherence tomography images via a novel deep domain adaptation method
Authors: Luo Yuemei , Xu Qing , Hou Yubo , Liu Linbo , Wu Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeep learning based retinopathy classification with optical coherence tomography (OCT) images has recently attracted great attention. However, existing deep learning methods fail to work well when training and testing datasets are different due to the general issue of domain shift between datasets caused by different collection devices, subjects, imaging parameters, etc. To address this practical and challenging issue, we propose a novel deep domain adaptation (DDA) method to train a model on a labeled dataset and adapt it to an unlabelled dataset (collected under different conditions). It consists of two modules for domain alignment, that is, adversarial learning and entropy minimization. We conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results indicate that there are large domain shifts between datasets, resulting a poor performance for conventional deep learning methods. The proposed DDA method can significantly outperform existing methods for retinopathy classification with OCT images. It achieves retinopathy classification accuracies of 0.915, 0.959 and 0.990 under three cross‐domain (cross‐dataset) scenarios. Moreover, it obtains a comparable performance with human experts on a dataset where no labeled data in this dataset have been used to train the proposed DDA method. We have also visualized the learnt features by using the t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) technique. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn discriminative features for retinopathy classification.
Attitudes toward bone health among rural‐dwelling veterans identified as at risk of fracture: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Van Tiem Jennifer M. , Steffen Melissa J.A. , Seaman Aaron T. , Miller Karla , Wardyn Shylo E. , Richards Christopher C. , Solimeo Samantha L. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough much is known about system‐level barriers to prevention and treatment of bone health problems, little is known about patient‐level barriers. The objective of this study was to identify factors limiting engagement in bone health care from the perspective of rural‐dwelling patients with known untreated risk. Over 6 months, 39 patients completed a qualitative interview. Interview questions focused on the patient's experience of care, their decision to not accept care, as well as their knowledge of osteoporosis and the impact it has had on their lives. Participants were well‐informed and could adequately describe osteoporosis and its deleterious effects, and their decision making around accepting or declining a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and treatment was both cautious and intentional. Decisions about how to engage in treatment were tempered by expectations for quality of life. Our findings suggest that people hold beliefs about bone health treatment that we can build on. Work to improve care of this population needs to recognize that bone health providers are not adding a behavior of medication taking to patients, they are changing a behavior or belief. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Antioxidative effects of silymarin on the reduction of liver complications of fingolimod in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: A clinical trial study
Authors: Ghiasian Masoud , Nafisi Hamid , Ranjbar Akram , Mohammadi Younes , Ataei Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and degenerative changes. Relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common form of MS. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a once‐daily disease‐modifying agent approved to treat RRMS, and it binds to sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptors. Milk thistle (silybum marianum; SM) is an herb generally used to protect the liver with antioxidant and antifibrotic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of silymarin on reducing liver complications of FTY720 in patients with RRMS and decrease the oxidative stress that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Forty‐eight patients with RRMS were divided into two groups using random assignment: the placebo and drug‐treated groups. Participants of intervention and control groups took FTY720 with silymarin and placebo without silymarin per day for six months. Findings showed a significant reduction in the level of ALT and AST, reduction of main pathogenic factors in MS containing malondialdehyde, and also a significant rise in total antioxidant capacity, and total thiol groups in the serum of patients treated with silymarin as compared with the placebo group. Our outcomes propose the practical effects of silymarin in multiple sclerosis and reduction of hepatic side effects of fingolimod.