bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triennial migration and philopatry in the critically endangered soupfin shark Galeorhinus galeus
Authors: Nosal Andrew P. , Cartamil Daniel P. , Ammann Arnold J. , Bellquist Lyall F. , Ben‐Aderet Noah J. , Blincow Kayla M. , Burns Echelle S. , Chapman Eric D. , Freedman Ryan M. , Klimley A. Peter , Logan Ryan K. , Lowe Christopher G. , Semmens Brice X. , White Connor F. , Hastings Philip A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Globally, one quarter of shark and ray species are threatened with extinction due to overfishing. Effective conservation and management can facilitate population recoveries. However, these efforts depend on robust data on movement patterns and stock structure, which are lacking for many threatened species, including the Critically Endangered soupfin shark Galeorhinus galeus, a circumglobal coastal‐pelagic species.

Using passive acoustic telemetry, we continuously tracked 34 mature female soupfin sharks, surgically implanted with coded acoustic transmitters, for 7 years via 337 underwater acoustic receivers stationed along the west coast of North America. These sharks and an additional six were also externally fitted with spaghetti identification tags. Our tagging site was a shallow rocky reef off La Jolla (San Diego County), California, USA, where adult females were observed to aggregate every summer.

Tagged soupfin sharks were highly migratory along the west coast of North America, between Washington, USA and Baja California Sur, Mexico. However, every 3 years, they returned to waters off La Jolla, California, where they underwent gestation. This is the first conclusive evidence of triennial migration and philopatry (‘home‐loving’) in any animal, which is apparently driven by this species’ unusual triennial reproductive cycle. Females of other shark and ray species with triennial reproductive cycles are also likely to exhibit triennial cycles of migration and philopatry.

At least six (15%) of our tagged soupfin sharks were killed in commercial gillnets in Mexico.

Policy implications. Identifying multiennial migratory cycles in mature female sharks can reveal hidden stock structure in the form of discrete breeding cohorts, which are spatially and temporally segregated as they cycle through different reproductive phases. Accounting for this complexity may improve the performance of spatially structured stock assessment models, particularly when fishery removals are spatially heterogeneous, as well as inform the spatiotemporal design of fishery‐independent surveys. In the United States, the soupfin shark is neither actively managed nor recognized as a Highly Migratory Species; however, given the highly migratory behaviour we report, this designation should be revisited by the US Pacific Fishery Management Council. Finally, given the extensive fishery removals in Mexico, any future management must be internationally cooperative.
Two‐months quality of life of COVID‐19 invasively ventilated survivors; an Italian single‐center study
Authors: Monti Giacomo , Leggieri Carlo , Fominskiy Evgeny , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Colombo Sergio , Tozzi Margherita , Moizo Elena , Mucci Milena , Crivellari Martina , Pieri Marina , Guzzo Francesca , Piemontese Simona , De Lorenzo Rebecca , Da Prat Valentina , Fedrizzi Monica , Faustini Carolina , Di Piazza Martina , Conte Francesca , Lembo Rosalba , Esposito Antonio , Dagna Lorenzo , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCOVID‐19 disease can lead to severe functional impairments after discharge. We assessed the quality of life of invasively ventilated COVID‐19 ARDS survivors.MethodsWe carried out a prospective follow‐up study of the patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of a teaching hospital. Patients affected by COVID‐19 ARDS who required invasive ventilation and were successfully discharged home were assessed through the telephone administration of validated tests. We explored survival, functional outcomes, return to work, quality of life, cognitive and psychological sequelae. The main variables of interest were the following: demographics, severity scores, laboratory values, comorbidities, schooling, working status, treatments received during ICU stay, complications, and psychological, cognitive, functional outcomes.ResultsOut of 116 consecutive invasively ventilated patients, overall survival was 65/116 (56%) with no death occurring after hospital discharge. Forty‐two patients were already discharged home with a median follow‐up time of 61 (51‐71) days after ICU discharge and 39 of them accepted to be interviewed. Only one patient (1/39) experienced cognitive decline. The vast majority of patients reported no difficulty in walking (32/35:82%), self‐care (33/39:85%), and usual activities (30/39:78%). All patients were either malnourished (15/39:38%) or at risk for malnutrition (24/39:62%). Exertional dyspnea was present in 20/39 (51%) patients. 19/39 (49%) reported alterations in senses of smell and/or taste either before or after hospitalization.ConclusionsInvasively ventilated COVID‐19 ARDS survivors have an overall good recovery at a 2‐months follow‐up which is better than what was previously reported in non‐COVID‐19 ARDS patients.
The views, experiences and expectations of Australian Meals on Wheels customers: A national survey
Authors: Coenen Alison , Clancy Annabel , Charlton Karen E. , McMahon Anne‐Therese , Ringland Emma , Williams Peter , Tapsell Linda C. , Walton Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate views and expectations of Australian Meals on Wheels (MOW) customers to inform the development of National Meal Guidelines and improve current services.MethodsA survey was designed through literature review and consultations with key stakeholders. National convenience sampling returned 337 surveys. Descriptive statistics and chi‐squared analyses were applied to the survey data.ResultsMeals on Wheels customers reported satisfaction with their current service, with the meal itself found to be the most valuable aspect. People living in small country towns were more likely to value the social contact provided by MOW than those in major cities (P = .001). Delivery of pantry items was the most popular additional option for future services.ConclusionValuable information for inclusion in the development of the National Meal Guidelines was provided: nutritional content of meals, meal variety, packaging and presentation, opportunities for nourishing snacks and pantry items, and social contact.
Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes by Australasian colorectal surgeons: An insight from the west
Authors: Cribb Benjamin , Kong Joseph , Warrier Satish , McCormick Jacob , Heriot Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeLateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) for locally advanced low rectal cancer is a common practice in Japan. However, it is not widely performed in western countries. The aim of this survey study is to assess the current practice and management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes by colorectal surgeons in Australasia.MethodsThe authors developed a survey to assess surgeons’ assessment and management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer. The survey was run through the online RedCap® platform in 2019. An electronic link and request to complete the survey was sent to specialist surgeons of the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSSANZ).ResultsNinety‐two colorectal surgeons completed the online survey (32% response rate). Eighty percent of participants consider malignant lateral pelvic lymph nodes to represent locoregional and resectable disease. In patients with clinically malignant lateral pelvic lymph nodes on preoperative imaging the majority of respondents (92%) recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 86% would also recommend LPLND. Over half of the surgeons (57%) had no exposure to LPLND during fellowship training and approximately two thirds (62%) do not perform LPLND in their current practice.ConclusionThis study highlights the challenges in the management of the lateral pelvic lymph nodes in a western context. The majority of the participating Australasian colorectal surgeons consider malignant lateral pelvic lymph nodes to represent locoregional and resectable disease. The majority also recommend LPLND for clinically malignant lateral pelvic nodes. However, adequate training and experience with LPLND is limited.
Low androgen status inhibits erectile function by increasing pyroptosis in rat corpus cavernosum
Authors: Chen Zhi‐bin , Li Ge , Lin Haocheng , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by low androgen status is not fully understood.ObjectivesTo investigate whether low androgen status inhibits erectile function of rats by inducing pyroptosis in the corpus cavernosum (CC).Materials and methodsThirty‐six eight‐weeks‐old healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats were equally divided into six groups: sham‐operated group (4w sham, 8w sham), castration group (4w cast, 8w cast), and castration + testosterone (T) group (4w cast + T, 8w cast + T). The rats in castration + T groups were injected with testosterone propionate subcutaneously every other day. After 4 and 8 weeks, the ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure (ICPmax)/mean arterial pressure (MAP), the level of serum T, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), the expression of NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), Caspase‐1 p20, gasdermin D‐N (GSDMD‐N), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), collagen‐I, and collagen‐III, the ratio of smooth muscle/collagen (SM/C), and the proportion of pyroptotic cells in the CC were analyzed.ResultsThe ratio of ICPmax/MAP (3/5 V) and SM/C, the level of NO and serum T was significantly decreased in castration groups when compared to other groups (p < 0.01). NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1, and GSDMD were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in the CC. The expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1p20, GSDMD‐N, IL‐1β, TGF‐β1, collagen‐I, and collagen‐III was significantly increased in castration groups when compared with other groups (p < 0.01). The proportion of pyroptotic cells in the CC was increased significantly in castration groups when compared with other groups (p < 0.05).Discussion and ConclusionLow androgen status inhibits erectile function of rats by promoting CC fibrosis and reducing NO synthesis through pyroptosis of SMCs and ECs in the CC.
Efficacy of multidisciplinary team approach with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID‐19 in a low volume ECMO center
Authors: Nagaoka Eiki , Arai Hirokuni , Ugawa Toyomu , Masuda Takahiro , Ochiai Kanae , Tamaoka Meiyo , Kurashima Naoki , Oi Keiji , Fujiwara Tatsuki , Yoshida Masayuki , Shigemitsu Hidenobu , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVeno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is an effective and proven adjunct support for various severe respiratory failures requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and cardiovascular support. In response to the rapidly increasing number of COVID‐19 patients in Japan, we launched an ECMO support team comprised of multidisciplinary experts including physicians, nurses, perfusionists, and bioethicists in preparation for the threat of a pandemic. From April 2 to July 15, 2020, Tokyo Medical and Dental University hospital treated 104 PCR confirmed COVID‐19 patients. Among those, 34 patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and 5 patients required VV ECMO. All management related to ECMO was decided by the ECMO support team in addition to participation of the ECMO support team in daily multidisciplinary rounds in the ICU. Median age was 54 years old. Duration from onset to mechanical ventilation (MV) and MV to ECMO were 8 and 7 days, respectively. Four patients (80%) were successfully weaned off from ECMO. One patient died after 81 days of ECMO run. Four patients were discharged and recovered to their prehospital quality of life without major disability. We achieved a high survival rate using ECMO in our low volume ECMO institution during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multidisciplinary decision‐making and a team approach for the unclear pathology with an emerging infectious disease was effective and contributed to the survival rate.
Effects of the co‐administration of MK‐801 and clozapine on MiRNA expression profiles in rats
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Gu Xuefeng , Wang Yingying , Bi Yuhan , Yang Yu , Wan Guoqing , Chen Nianhong , Li Keshen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMiRNAs are small, non‐coding RNAs that can silence the expression of various target genes by binding their mRNAs and thus regulate a wide range of crucial bodily functions. However, the miRNA expression profile of schizophrenia after antipsychotic mediation is largely unknown. Non‐competitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as MK‐801 have provided useful animal models to investigate the effects of schizophrenia‐like symptoms in rodent animals. Herein, the hippocampal miRNA expression profiles of Sprague‐Dawley rats pretreated with MK‐801 were examined after antipsychotic clozapine (CLO) treatment. Total hippocampal RNAs from three groups were subjected to next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics analyses, including differential expression and enrichment analyses, were performed. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed between the MK‐801 and vehicle (VEH) control groups. Interestingly, 14 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between the CLO + MK‐801 and MK‐801 groups, among which rno‐miR‐184 was the most upregulated. Further analyses suggested that these miRNAs modulate target genes that are involved in endocytosis regulation, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, and actin cytoskeleton regulation and thus might play important roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our results suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs play important roles in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia and subsequently impact brain functions.
Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis from benzalkonium chloride in a tertiary dermatology center in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Dear Kate , Palmer Amanda , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a quaternary ammonium compound that is used widely as an antiseptic and preservative. It is a strong irritant and considered a weak sensitizer.ObjectiveTo analyze the temporal trend of BAK sensitization and the demographics of sensitized patients.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study of 7390 patients who were patch tested with BAK between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2019.ResultsOf the 7390 patients who were patch tested to BAK, 108 (1.5%) had a positive reaction, with 21 reactions deemed clinically relevant (0.3% of total patch tested) and a further 5 doubtful reactions deemed clinically relevant, resulting in a total of 26 relevant reactions (0.4% of total patch tested). Common sources of exposure were ophthalmic drops (30.8%), topical antiseptic preparations (26.9%), cosmetics (15.4%), disinfectant solutions (11.5%), hand sanitizers (11.5%), and hand washes (7.7%). One fifth of patients with relevant reactions were health care workers. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of positive reactions since 2017, for reasons not totally clear.ConclusionContact allergy (CA) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in response to BAK are now increasing at our center. Awareness of this trend is important, given that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is likely to further expose people to BAK.
An Exploration and Critical Examination of How “Intelligent Classroom Technologies” Can Improve Specific Uses of Direct Student Behavior Observation Methods
Authors: Woolverton Genevieve Alice , Pollastri Alisha R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWithin classrooms, psychologists and teachers use direct behavior observation methods, systematic behavior observations (SBOs) and direct behavior ratings (DBRs), to gather information about students' behaviors for the purposes of making decisions related to diagnosis and classroom management or behavioral feedback respectively. Observers use SBOs to document predetermined target behaviors exhibited by one or a few target students with standardized parameters. Teachers use DBRs to track and manage their students' behaviors, most frequently recording data on all of their students' desirable and undesirable behavior throughout class while teaching. While SBOs and DBRs are ecologically valid, they are limited by observers' attentional limits and implicit biases, and DBRs are uniquely limited by teacher resources as they balance teaching with recording behavioral data about many students. Intelligent classroom technologies collect a high volume of data with object reliance on algorithms as opposed to observational judgment, which makes them well suited to address limitations specifically associated with the use of data derived from DBRs. Intelligent classroom technologies include eye gaze tracking methods that document students' visual fixations and wearable or within‐desk devices that monitor students' movements and/or vocalizations. These devices have the potential to record myriad behaviors of interest and transmit data in vivo for immediate responses from teachers with high efficiency and reduced reliance on human judgment and error. However, they may be associated with ethnical and/or privacy issues, which are discussed along with suggestions for addressing these challenges.
Acute corneal hydrops of presumed traumatic origin: An uncontrolled case series (three horses)
Authors: O’Leary L. M. , Sebbag L. , Moody L. M. , Diehl K. A. , Allbaugh R. A. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis case series describes acute corneal hydrops in three young horses. Due to similarities in the clinical appearance and progression of the disease with that which is reported in humans and cats with acute corneal hydrops, traumatic Descemet’s membrane rupture was suspected to be the underlying aetiology in these equine cases. The horses presented with acute severe corneal oedema with intrastromal bullae formation and anterior bulging of the corneal contour. Focal posterior corneal changes were also seen in two of three cases. Mild anterior uveitis was also present. Other causes of corneal oedema (e.g. glaucoma) were ruled out based on presentation and clinical examination. Treatment approaches were medical and included various combinations of prophylactic topical antimicrobial therapy in case of secondary corneal ulceration, anti‐inflammatory therapy for uveitis, targeted oedema therapy with topical hypertonic saline and corneal cross‐linking, and placement of a temporary partial tarsorrhaphy for corneal tamponade. The outcome was excellent in all cases, with rapid resolution of the ocular changes. Acute corneal hydrops of presumed traumatic Descemet’s membrane rupture origin should be considered in cases of young horses presenting with acute corneal oedema. However, further studies are warranted to better characterise the disease and to try to confirm the suspected aetiology.
Whole‐slide margin control through deep learning in Mohs micrographic surgery for basal cell carcinoma
Authors: van Zon Mike C.M. , van der Waa José D. , Veta Mitko , Krekels Gertruud A.M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer with incidence rates rising each year. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is most often chosen as treatment for BCC on the face for which each frozen section has to be histologically analysed to ensure complete tumor removal. This causes a heavy burden on health economics.ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate a deep learning model for the automated detection of BCC‐negative slides and classification of BCC in histopathology slides of MMS based on whole‐slide image (WSI).MethodsTwo deep learning models were developed on the basis of 171 digitized H&E frozen slides from 70 different patients. The first model had a U‐Net architecture and was used for the segmentation of BCC. A subsequent convolutional neural network used the segmentation to classify the whole slide as BCC or BCC‐negative.ResultsQuantitative evaluation over manually labelled ground truth data resulted in a Dice score of 0.66 for the segmentation of BCC and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90 for the slide‐level classification.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that through WSIs deep learning models may be a feasible option to improve the clinical workflow and reduce costs in histological analysis of BCC in MMS.
Importance of extracutaneous organ involvement in determining the clinical severity and prognosis of incontinentia pigmenti caused by mutations in the IKBKG gene
Authors: Kim Hwa Young , Song Hyun Beom , Kim Kyu Han , Kim Jeong Hun , Chae Jong‐Hee , Kim Man Jin , Seong Moon‐Woo , Ko Jung Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X‐linked skin disease caused by mutations in the IKBKG gene, which is required for activation of the nuclear factor‐kappa B signalling pathway. Multiple systems can be affected with highly variable phenotypic expressivity. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics observed in molecularly confirmed Korean IP patients. The medical records of 25 females confirmed as IP by molecular genetic analysis were retrospectively reviewed. The phenotypic score of extracutaneous manifestations was calculated to assess the disease severity. The IKBKG gene partial deletion or intragenic mutations were investigated using long‐range PCR, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and direct sequencing methods. Among the 25 individuals, 18 (72%) were sporadic cases. All patients showed typical skin manifestations at birth or during the neonatal period. Extracutaneous findings were noted in 17 (68%) patients; ocular manifestations (28%), neurological abnormalities (28%), hair abnormalities (20%), dental anomalies (12%), nail dystrophy (8%). The common exon 4–10 IKBKG deletion was observed in 20 (80%) patients. In addition, five intragenic sequence variants were identified, including three novel variants. The phenotype scores were highly variable, ranging from abnormal skin pigmentation only to one or more extracutaneous features, although no significant difference was observed for each clinical characteristic between the group with sequence variants and that with common large deletion. Our cohort with IP showed heterogeneity of extracutaneous manifestations and high incidence of sporadic cases. Long‐term monitoring with multidisciplinary management is essential for evaluating the clinical status, providing adequate genetic counselling and understanding the genotype‐phenotype correlation in IP.