bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Berksoy Emel , Kanik Ali , Çiçek Alper , Bardak Şefika , Elibol Pelin , Demir Gülşah , Yilmaz Nisel , Nalbant Tuğçe , Gökalp Gamze , Yilmaz Çiftdoğan Dilek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe the demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings of 422 children (0–18 year‐of‐age) suspected of having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection admitted to a pediatric emergency department between March 23, and July 23, 2020. We compared the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients to SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative patients. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 78 (18.4%). Fever (51.2%) and cough (43.5%) were the most commonly reported signs in the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients. Isolated rhinorrhea (7.2%) was reported only in the SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative group (p = .0014). Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were classified according to severity, with the percentages of asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical cases determined to be 29.5%, 56.4%, 12.9%, 1.2%, and 0%, respectively. Of the 422 children, 128 (30.3%) underwent nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing for other respiratory viral pathogens; 21 (16.4%) were infected with viral pathogens other than SARS‐CoV‐2. Only one patient (4.7%) with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease was coinfected with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus. The results indicate lower median white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, lower lactate dehydrogenase, d‐dimer, and procalcitonin levels in the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive group (p ≤ .001). Our findings confirm that COVID‐19 in children has a mild presentation. In our cohort, no patient with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had isolated rhinorrhea.
Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on the severity of COVID‐19 in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Jiménez‐Alcaide Estíbaliz , García‐Fuentes Clara , Hernández Virginia , De la Peña Enrique , Pérez‐Fernández Elia , Castro Alejandro , Caballero‐Perea Begoña , Guijarro Ana , Llorente Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe TMPRSS2 protein has been involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The production is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR). It is speculated that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may protect patients affected by prostate cancer (PC) from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients treated for COVID‐19 in our institution who had a previous diagnosis of PC. We analyzed the influence of exposure of ADT on the presence of severe course of COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 2280 patients were treated in our center for COVID‐19 with a worse course of disease in males (higher rates of hospitalization, intense care unit [ICU] admission, and death). Out of 1349 subjects registered in our PC database, 156 were on ADT and 1193 were not. Out of those, 61 (4.52%) PC patients suffered from COVID‐19, 11 (18.0%) belonged to the ADT group, and 50 (82.0%) to the non‐ADT group. Regarding the influence of ADT on the course of the disease, statistically significant differences were found neither in the death rate (27.3% vs. 34%; p = 0.481), nor in the presence of severe COVID‐19: need for intubation or ICU admission (0% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.561) and need for corticoid treatment, interferon beta, or tocilizumab (60% vs. 34.7%; p = 0.128). Multivariate analysis adjusted for clinically relevant comorbidities did not find that ADT was a protective factor for worse clinical evolution (risk ratio [RR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–1.83; p = 0.77) or death (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.26–1.74; p = 0.41).ConclusionsOur study confirms that COVID‐19 is more severe in men. However, the use of ADT in patients with PC was not shown to prevent the risk of severe COVID‐19.
An introduction to analysis of Rényi complexity ratio of quantum states for central potential
Authors: Nath Debraj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRényi complexity ratio of two density functions is introduced for three and multidimensional quantum systems. Localization property of several density functions are defined and five theorems about near continuous property of Rényi complexity ratio are proved by Lebesgue measure. Some properties of Rényi complexity ratio are demonstrated and investigated for different quantum systems. Exact analytical forms of Rényi entropy, Rényi complexity ratio, statistical complexities based on Rényi entropy for integral order have been presented for solutions of pseudoharmonic and a family of isospectral potentials. Some properties of Rényi complexity ratio are verified for six diatomic molecules (CO, NO, N2, CH, H2, and ScH) and for other quantum systems.
Drawing lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic: Seven obstacles to learning from public inquiries in the wake of the crisis
Authors: Eriksson Kerstin , Staupe‐Delgado Reidar , Holst Jørgen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the emerging COVID‐19 threat a pandemic following the global spread of the virus. A year later, a number of governments are being handed the concluding reports of national public inquiries tasked with investigating responses, mishaps, and identifying lessons for the future. The present article aims to identify a set of learning obstacles that may hinder effective lessons drawing from the COVID‐19 pandemic responses. The seven obstacles discussed in this article are: (1) retaining lessons and implementing them effectively, (2) effectively drawing lessons from other countries, (3) the potential for reforms to introduce unanticipated vulnerabilities elsewhere in the system, (4) political pressure, (5) drawing the conclusions from observations, (6) experts versus decision makers, and (7) reforms may not be related to the actual crisis. Exploring these obstacles will be central to future discussions concerning which kinds of responses will set precedent for future pandemics and global health crises.
Comparison of merging strategies for building machine learning models on multiple independent gene expression data sets
Authors: Krepel Jessica , Kircher Magdalena , Kohls Moritz , Jung Klaus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐dimensional gene expression data are regularly studied for their ability to separate different groups of samples by means of machine learning (ML) models. Meanwhile, a large number of such data are publicly available. Several approaches for meta‐analysis on independent sets of gene expression data have been proposed, mainly focusing on the step of feature selection, a typical step in fitting a ML model. Here, we compare different strategies of merging the information of such independent data sets to train a classifier model. Specifically, we compare the strategy of merging data sets directly (strategy A), and the strategy of merging the classification results (strategy B). We use simulations with pure artificial data as well as evaluations based on independent gene expression data from lung fibrosis studies to compare the two merging approaches. In the simulations, the number of studies, the strength of batch effects, and the separability are varied. The comparison incorporates five standard ML techniques typically used for high‐dimensional data, namely discriminant analysis, support vector machines, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and artificial neural networks. Using cross‐study validations, we found that direct data merging yields higher accuracies when having training data of three or four studies, and merging of classification results performed better when having only two training studies. In the evaluation with the lung fibrosis data, both strategies showed a similar performance.
Simple and Label‐Free Liquid‐Crystal‐Based Detection of Acetylcholinesterase through Interactions between Liquid Crystals and Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Jeon Dong Yoon , Jang Chang‐Hyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we report a liquid crystal (LC)‐based sensing method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor. The LC and glyceryl trioleate (GT)‐in‐water emulsion droplets were decorated with myristoylcholine chloride (Myr). The decoration helps to prevent the coalescence between the LC and GT emulsion droplets and therefore keeps the LCs in the nematic state, resulting in a bright optical image. In the presence of AChE, Myr was hydrolyzed, causing coalescence of LC and GT emulsion droplets, inducing the phase transition of LCs from the nematic to the isotropic state, resulting in a dark optical image. The biosensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 ng/mL. Moreover, the biosensor was highly specific for AChE and showed a high sensitivity for the detection of AChE inhibitor, with a LOD of 10 μg/mL. The biosensor is a simple and convenient sensing platform for the detection of AChE and its inhibitors.
Glycerol‐Triazole Conjugated Rhodamine as Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Sensor for Cu2+
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Gahlyan Parveen , Bawa Rashim , Dash Soumya Ranjan , Prasad Ashok K. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA glycerol‐triazole tethered rhodamine based colorimetric and fluorimetric sensor 3′,6′‐bis(diethylamino)‐2‐(((1‐(1,3‐dihydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methylene)aminospiro [isoindoline‐1,9′‐xanthen]‐3‐one (L1) is designed and synthesized for the selective recognition of Cu2+ ion. The sensor L1 allows naked eye detection of Cu2+ ion with a fast response (<1 min). Among the various metal ions tested, the sensor L1 shows selective binding with Cu2+ through turn‐on fluorescence mechanism. The sensor shows 1 : 2 binding stoichiometry with binding constant, Ka=1.1×106 M−2 as revealed by job's plot & Benesi‐Hildebrand plot (B−H plot), respectively. The detection limit of L1 with Cu2+ ion is found to be 3.3 μM. Further, the experimental results are also validated using density functional theoretical (DFT) study. The optimized geometries indicates that the formation of the L1‐Cu2+ complex is thermodynamically favourable by ΔG=−11.7 kcal/mol. The HOMO‐LUMO gap of the ligand L1 is found to be 3.49 eV, which decreases to 1.76 eV upon complexation with copper.
Nanomaterials in Smart Packaging Applications: A Review
Authors: Siddiqui Junaid , Taheri Mahtab , Alam Arif Ul , Deen M. Jamal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFood wastage is a critical and world‐wide issue resulting from an excess of food supply, poor food storage, poor marketing, and unstable markets. Since food quality depends on consumer standards, it becomes necessary to monitor the quality to ensure it meets those standards. Embedding sensors with active nanomaterials in food packaging enables customers to monitor the quality of their food in real‐time. Though there are many different sensors that can monitor food quality and safety, pH sensors and time‐temperature indicators (TTIs) are the most critical metrics in indicating quality. This review showcases some of the recent progress, their importance, preconditions, and the various future needs of pH sensors and TTIs in food packaging for smart sensors in food packaging applications. In discussing these topics, this review includes the materials used to make these sensors, which vary from polymers, metals, metal‐oxides, carbon‐based materials; and their modes of fabrication, ranging from thin or thick film deposition methods, solution‐based chemistry, and electrodeposition. By discussing the use of these materials, novel fabrication process, and problems for the two sensors, this review offers solutions to a brighter future for the use of nanomaterials for pH indicator and TTIs in food packaging applications.
Designed Synthesis and Catalytic Mechanisms of Non‐Precious Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tong Miaomiao , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the important half‐reaction for metal–air batteries and fuel cells (FCs), which plays the decisive role for the performance of whole devices. Developing high‐efficiency non‐precious metal ORR catalysts is urgent and still challenging. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are considered to be one of the promising substitutes for Pt due to their maximum atom utilization efficiency and mass activity. Despite considerable efforts in preparing various SACs, the reaction mechanism and intrinsic activity modulation during the ORR reaction are still not understood in‐depth. In this review, the latest advances in the current synthetic strategies for SACs are summarized. The effect of various coordination environments including central metal atoms, coordination atoms, environmental atoms, and guest groups on the intrinsic ORR activity of SACs are discussed. The electrocatalytic mechanisms are clarified by combining density functional theory calculations with in situ advanced characterization technologies. Then, the applications of SACs in FCs and Zn–air batteries are reviewed. Finally, the prospects and challenges for further development of SACs are highlighted.
The evolution of the Arjuna transaction processing system
Authors: Little Mark C. , Shrivastava Santosh K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTheArjunatransaction processing system began life in the mid‐1980s as an academic research project to examine the use of object‐oriented techniques in the development of fault‐tolerant distributed systems. Thirty‐five years later, and available in open source form, it forms an integral part of various middleware products from Red Hat where it is used to provide ACID as well as non‐ACID transaction services. This journey from an academic to a commercial environment has been neither easy nor smooth but it has been interesting from many different perspectives. This article gives an overview of this journey, discusses the features ofArjunathat enables it to support a wide variety of transaction services and concludes by presenting lessons learned.
Making Personal Connections to Words to Increase Early Childhood Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Neugebauer Sabina Rak , Ellis Emmaline , Coyne Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMaking personal connections to words is a strategy that can bolster young students’ vocabulary learning. The personal connections strategy involves teacher‐initiated prompts that propel teacher–student conversations that connect students’ experiences with new word learning. In this article, we draw from complementary theoretical frameworks, research on evidence‐based practices, and our own empirical findings from classroom observations to showcase the value of using this strategy in combination with other evidence‐based strategies for encouraging students’ word learning. We provide guidance on ways to use this strategy effectively.
Non‐material finite element rod model for the lateral run‐off in a two‐pulley belt drive
Authors: Schmidrathner Christian , Vetyukov Yury , Scheidl Jakob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel mixed Eulerian‐Lagrangian rod finite element formulation based on the theory of unshearable, extensible rods is presented. Geometric imperfections (natural curvature) are introduced to investigate and predict the phenomenon of lateral run‐off in the benchmark problem of a two‐pulley belt drive. The concise description of normal and tangential contact between pulleys and belt contributes to the efficient computation of transient solutions. In resemblance of belt shear theory, it relies on the notion of a thin intermediate layer that connects the belt and the pulleys elastically. Various practically relevant transient solutions are validated against corresponding shell finite element computations available in the literature.
Integrierte Datenanalyse und Interpretation
Authors: Schachler Viviane 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungUm Werkstattratsarbeit umfänglich zu untersuchen und die Fragen dieser Arbeit mehrperspektivisch beantworten zu können, wurde ein qualitativ-quantitatives Vertiefungsdesign gewählt. Die sequenziell gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurden in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln im Detail vorgestellt und analysiert. Um umfassende empirische Antworten auf die leitenden Fragen der Arbeit zu finden, werden die Ergebnisse nun gemeinsam betrachtet.
Effective GUP-modified Raychaudhuri equation and black hole singularity: four models
Authors: Blanchette Keagan , Das Saurya , Rastgoo Saeed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The classical Raychaudhuri equation predicts the formation of conjugate points for a congruence of geodesics, in a finite proper time. This in conjunction with the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems predicts the incompleteness of geodesics and thereby the singular nature of practically all spacetimes. We compute the generic corrections to the Raychaudhuri equation in the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole, arising from modifications to the algebra inspired by the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) theories. Then we study four specific models of GUP, compute their effective dynamics as well as their expansion and its rate of change using the Raychaudhuri equation. We show that the modification from GUP in two of these models, where such modifications are dependent of the configuration variables, lead to finite Kretchmann scalar, expansion and its rate, hence implying the resolution of the singularity. However, the other two models for which the modifications depend on the momenta still retain their singularities even in the effective regime.
Portal Effective Theories. A framework for the model independent description of light hidden sector interactions
Authors: Arina Chiara , Hajer Jan , Klose Philipp 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a framework for the construction of portal effective theory (PETs) that couple effective field theories of the Standard Model (SM) to light hidden messenger fields. Using this framework we construct electroweak and strong scale PETs that couple the SM to messengers carrying spin zero, one half, or one. The electroweak scale PETs encompass all portal operators up to dimension five, while the strong scale PETs additionally contain all portal operators of dimension six and seven that contribute at leading order to quark-flavour violating transitions. Using the strong scale PETs, we define a set of portal currents that couple hidden sectors to QCD, and construct portal chiral perturbation theory (χPTs) that relate these currents to the light pseudoscalar mesons. We estimate the coefficients of the portal χPT Lagrangian that are not fixed by SM observations using non-perturbative matching techniques and give a complete list of the resulting one- and two-meson portal interactions. From those, we compute transition amplitudes for three golden channels that are used in hidden sector searches at fixed target experiments: i) charged kaon decay into a charged pion and a spin zero messenger, ii) charged kaon decay into a charged lepton and a spin one half messenger, and iii) neutral pion decay into a photon and a spin one messenger. Finally, we compare these amplitudes to specific expressions for models featuring light scalar particles, axion-like particles, heavy neutral leptons, and dark photons.
Quantitative Global-Local Mixing for Accessible Skew Products
Authors: Giulietti Paolo , Hammerlindl Andy , Ravotti Davide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study global-local mixing for a family of accessible skew products with an exponentially mixing base and non-compact fibers, preserving an infinite measure. For a dense set of almost periodic global observables, we prove rapid mixing, and for a dense set of global observables vanishing at infinity, we prove polynomial mixing. More generally, we relate the speed of mixing to the “low frequency behavior” of the spectral measure associated to our global observables. Our strategy relies on a careful choice of the spaces of observables and on the study of a family of twisted transfer operators.
Do legacy effects of deposited fine sediment influence the ecological response of drifting invertebrates to a fine sediment pulse?
Authors: Milner Victoria S. , Maddock Ian P. , Jones Iwan , Bunting George C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe deposition of excess fine sediment and clogging of benthic substrates is recognised as a global threat to ecosystem functioning and community dynamics. Legacy effects of previous sedimentation create a habitat template on which subsequent ecological responses occur, and therefore, may have a long-lasting influence on community structure. Our experimental study examined the effects of streambed colmation (representing a legacy effect of fine sediment deposition) and a suspended fine sediment pulse on macroinvertebrate drift and community dynamics. We used 12 outdoor stream mesocosms that were split into two sections of 6.2 m in length (24 mesocosm sections in total). Each mesocosm section contained a coarse bed substrate with clear bed interstices or a fine bed substrate representing a colmated streambed. After 69 days, a fine sediment pulse with three differing fine sediment treatments was applied to the stream mesocosms. Added fine sediment influenced macroinvertebrate movements by lowering benthic density and taxonomic richness and increasing drift density, taxonomic richness, and altering drift assemblages. Our study found the highest dose of sediment addition (an estimated suspended sediment concentration of 1112 mg l−1) caused significant differences in benthic and drift community metrics and drift assemblages compared with the control treatment (30 l of water, no added sediment). Our results indicate a rapid response in drifting macroinvertebrates after stressor application, where ecological impairment varies with the concentration of suspended sediment. Contrary to expectations, bed substrate characteristics had no effect on macroinvertebrate behavioural responses to the fine sediment pulse.
Control-Bounded Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Authors: Malmberg Hampus , Wilckens Georg , Loeliger Hans-Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA control-bounded analog-to-digital converter consists of a linear analog system that is subject to digital control, and a digital filter that estimates the analog input signal from the digital control signals. Such converters have many commonalities with delta–sigma converters, but they can use more general analog filters. The paper describes the operating principle, gives a transfer function analysis, and describes the digital filtering. In addition, the paper discusses two examples of such architectures. The first example is a cascade structure reminiscent of, but simpler than, a high-order MASH converter. The second example combines two attractive properties that have so far been considered incompatible. Its nominal conversion noise (assuming ideal components) essentially equals that of the first example. However, its analog filter is a fully connected network to which the input signal is fed in parallel, which potentially makes it more robust against nonidealities.