bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Swallowing Function of Poststroke Patients
Authors: Lin Qian , Lin Shu-Fang , Ke Xiao-Hua , Jia Xiao-Fei , Huang Dun-Bing 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on swallowing function in poststroke patients.

Design
We searched for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials from electronic databases, including the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) databases, from their inception to January 15, 2021. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was estimated for the swallowing function outcomes and to understand the mean effect size.

Results
Ten studies involving 343 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall analyses demonstrated a significant effect size for swallowing function. Subgroup analyses suggested that both acute and chronic stroke patients showed significant effects on swallowing function after transcranial direct current stimulation. Furthermore, compared with sham stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation anodal to the affected, unaffected, and bilateral hemispheres can produce a significant effect size for swallowing function in stroke patients.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis showed that transcranial direct current stimulation is likely to be effective for the recovery of dysphagia in poststroke patients, in the acute or chronic phase, and that the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to unaffected hemispheres is larger.
Let’s Write a Manuscript
Authors: Özçakar Levent , Rizzo John-Ross , Franchignoni Franco , Negrini Stefano , Frontera Walter R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A group of international researchers and editors summarize how (promptly and easily) an original manuscript can be written using certain tips and tricks. The authors guide novice colleagues with minimal experience using simple hints and straightforward advice in scholarly publishing. The main body of an original article is composed of four parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (the IMRaD format). We make recommendations about how to write these sections. We also make suggestions regarding the title, abstract, key words, and references. In addition, we underline the importance of carefully reading and following general recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly papers. Specific guidelines are reviewed for improving clarity, accuracy, and transparency, from protocol registration and ethical approval to submission issues, inclusive of rehabilitation specificities. A thorough review of the mission and instructions of the journals under consideration is also critical, inclusive of manuscript preparation guidelines such as word limits of main text, limits in number and style of references, tables and figures, format, checklist, and other specific instructions. Finally, each and every sentence should be iteratively revised for grammar, style, and clarity.
The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz
Authors: Asif Sumbul , Baxevanidi Evangelia , Hill Andrew , Venter Willem Daniel Francois , Fairlie Lee , Masenya Masebole , Serenata Celicia , Sokhela Simiso , Chandiwana Nomathemba 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (DTG), are associated with weight gain and obesity, especially when combined with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Obesity increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This study aimed to predict the risk of APOs caused by treatment-associated obesity, using a hypothetical sample based on the ADVANCE trial.

Design:
Risk prediction.

Methods:
Firstly, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the relative risk (RR) for APOs in women with obese (≥30) versus normal prepregnancy BMIs (18.5–24.9). For the hypothetical sample, 3000 nonpregnant women with normal BMIs at Week 0 of treatment were evenly allocated across the following treatment arms: TAF/FTC+DTG, TDF/FTC+DTG, TDF/FTC/EFV. The treatment-associated obesity rates from ADVANCE were used to calculate the number of women with obese and normal BMIs expected at Week 96 in our sample. This was combined with the APO RRs to predict the number of women at risk of APOs, in each treatment arm, assuming they conceived at Week 96.

Results:
At Week 96, the percentage of women predicted to be obese was 14.1% with TAF/FTC+DTG, 7.9% with TDF/FTC+DTG and 1.5% with TDF/FTC/EFV. The RR in women with obese versus normal BMIs was significantly higher for most APOs. Therefore, the number of women at risk of APOs was higher with TAF/FTC+DTG than TDF/FTC+DTG and TDF/FTC/EFV. For example, 11/1000 additional gestational hypertension cases were predicted with TAF/FTC+DTG, 6/1000 with TDF/FTC+DTG and 1/1000 with TDF/FTC/EFV.

Conclusion:
Treatment-associated obesity increased the APO risk in women. This risk is likely to increase, as preliminary data from ADVANCE demonstrates ongoing weight gain beyond Week 96.
Hepatitis delta in patients hospitalized in Spain (1997–2018)
Authors: Ramos-Rincon José-Manuel , Pinargote Héctor , Ramos-Belinchón Clara , de Mendoza Carmen , Aguilera Antonio , Soriano Vicente 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Hepatitis delta is the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. We examined the clinical burden, epidemiological features and time trends for hepatitis delta patients hospitalized in Spain during the last two decades.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational study using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved since 1997 to 2018.

Results:
From a total of 79 647 783 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 5179 included hepatitis delta as diagnosis. The overall hospitalization rate because of hepatitis delta was 6.5/105, without significant yearly changes. In-hospital death occurred in 335 (6.6%) patients. Acute hepatitis and cirrhosis were recorded in 46.5 and 33.5% of hepatitis delta hospitalizations, respectively. Acute hepatitis delta predominated until 2007 (55.9%) whereas cirrhosis increased since then (39.4%). Hepatic decompensation events and liver cancer accounted on average for 16 and 8% of hospitalizations, increasing significantly over time. Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recognized in 24 and 31.2% of hepatitis delta patients, respectively. All hepatitis C, HIV and injection drug use declined significantly since 2008.

Conclusion:
The rate of hepatitis delta in patients hospitalized in Spain is low and has remained stable over two decades. However, hepatitis delta-related decompensation events and liver cancer are on the rise. The association of hepatitis delta with injection drug use, HIV and HCV has declined among recently hospitalized hepatitis delta patients.
Duration of antibiotic therapy for Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review of recent evidence
Authors: Reyes Sergio , Morel Maria del Pilar , Kostka Julia , Nicolau David P. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, impact on intestinal microbiome, side effects and hospital costs are some of the factors that have encouraged multiple studies over the past two decades to evaluate different duration of antibiotic therapy with the goal of shorter but effective regimens. Here, we reviewed the most recent relevant data on the duration of therapy focused on two of the most common Gram-negative organisms in clinical practice, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales.

Recent findings
Recent studies including meta-analysis confirm that short antibiotic courses for both Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa infections have comparable clinical outcomes to longer courses of therapy. Despite the advocacy for short-course therapy in contemporary guidelines, recent evidence in the USA has revealed a high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic usage due to excessive duration of therapy.

Summary
Although the decision process regarding the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy is multifactorial, the vast majority of infections other than endocardial or bone and joint, can be treated with short-course antibiotic therapy (i.e., ≤7 days). The combination of biomarkers, clinical response to therapy, and microbiologic clearance help determine the optimal duration in patients with infections caused by P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales.
Neonatal bloodstream infections
Authors: Hadfield Brandon R. , Cantey Joseph B. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality within neonatal intensive care units. BSI, including central line-associated BSI, have decreased over the past 15 years but remain common in extremely preterm infants. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the causes, diagnosis, management, and prevention of neonatal BSI.

Recent findings
Continued quality improvement efforts and bundles have reduced BSI incidence, and novel approaches are highlighted. An update of emerging pathogens as well as traditional pathogens with novel antimicrobial resistance, which are an increasingly common cause of neonatal BSI, is included. Finally, current and future investigations into serum or noninvasive biomarkers for neonatal BSI are reviewed.

Summary
Neonatal BSIs continue to decrease due to enhanced infection control and prevention techniques. However, many challenges remain, including emerging bacterial and fungal resistance and the continued need for novel diagnostics that hasten time to pathogen identification and effective treatment. This review of the past 18 months highlights the rapid changes in this area. Ongoing efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by neonatal BSI must remain a priority.
Characterization of Patients With Dermatomyositis According to Anti–Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene-5 Autoantibodies in Centers from 3 Latin American Countries
Authors: Olivo Pallo Pablo Arturo , Hoff Leonardo Santos , Borges Isabela Bruna Pires , Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Cassiano-Quezada Fabiola , Granel Amelia , Gomez Graciela , Pisoni Cecilia , Gomez Ramiro , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Background/Objective
The anti–melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) autoantibodies have been associated with a high frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD) in dermatomyositis (DM) patients, mainly in Asian subjects. However, there is scarce information about these parameters in Latin American patients.

Method
This was a medical records review cohort study that included classic DM (CDM) and clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) patients from 3 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico).

Results
A total of 270 DM patients were evaluated: 25.9% with CADM and 74.1% with CDM. The overall prevalence of ILD and RP-ILD, respectively, was 70 (25.9%) and 4 (1.5%) of the 270 patients, and the distributions were comparable between patients with CDM and CADM. The anti-MDA5 was present in 31 (25.4%) of 122 CDM patients and in 17 (48.6%) of 35 CADM patients; it was not associated with presence of ILD and RP-ILD. However, anti-MDA5–positive CDM patients had significantly high frequency of “mechanic's hands,” arthralgia, arthritis, and lower serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, whereas anti-MDA5–positive CADM patients had significantly high frequency of arthritis. Pulmonary infection and ILD are main causes of death in DM patients.

Conclusions
In the present study, the prevalence of ILD in DM patients is comparable to that described in the literature, in contrast to the very low frequency of RP-ILD. In addition, the anti-MDA5 is not associated with ILD and RP-ILD, but anti-MDA5–positive DM patients present conditions that mimic antisynthetase syndrome. Pulmonary infection and ILD were the main causes of death in our sample.
Impact of Fibromyalgia Syndrome on Female Sexual Function
Authors: Ricoy-Cano Adrián Jesús , Cortés-Pérez Irene , del Carmen Martín-Cano María , De La Fuente-Robles Yolanda María 
Published: July 2021

Background
Women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) experience generalized and chronic musculoskeletal pain and other disabling symptoms such as female sexual difficulties that reduce the quality and the frequency of their sexual relationships.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine sexual dysfuntion in women diagnosed with FMS compared with healthy controls.

Methods
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The literature search was conducted using PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, and PsycINFO PROQUEST until February 2021. Observational studies with 2 groups (women with FMS and healthy controls) that assessed sexual function were included. Pooled effect was calculated using Cohen standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model.

Results
Twelve studies were included comprising 1367 women (766 diagnosed with FMS and 601 healthy controls). The methodological quality of the included studies was moderate, according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our findings showed a significant sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with FMS (SMD = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.18–2.26; p < 0.001). In addition, the secondary outcomes more affected in women with FMS were sexual satisfaction (SMD = −2.09; 95% CI, −2.83 to −1.36; p < 0.001) and the pain during sexual relations (SMD = −1.97; 95% CI, −2.81 to −1.12; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Women with FMS showed a significant sexual dysfunction and other related sexual difficulties, such as increase in sexual pain and a decreased sexual desire or sexual satisfaction, compared with healthy women.
The Role of Early Subspeciality Consultation in the Timing of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Patel Sneha , Bibi Ayesha , Eisenberg Ruth , Gendlina Inessa , Murakhovskaya Irina , Ramesh Manish , Balagula Yevgeniy , Kumthekar Anand 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between timing of subspeciality consult and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) consideration, immunosuppression initiation, and in-hospital mortality in patients with HLH.

Methods
We conducted a medical records review study of patients 18 years or older with definite or probable HLH at Montefiore Medical Center between 2006 and 2019. Earlier subspeciality consultation (rheumatology, hematology, and infectious disease) was defined as consultation in less than or equal to 18 hours from time of admission. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were compared between patients with early and later subspecialty consultation.

Results
A total of 28 patients were included. The median age was 40 years, and 61% of patients were male. Infection was identified as a cause of HLH in 13 patients (46%). Fifteen patients (54%) were classified as having an earlier subspeciality consultation with a median time (interquartile range) to HLH consideration of 1.0 day (0.3–4.2 days) compared with 7.9 days (3.1–9.9 days) for the later consultation group (p = 0.002). The median time (interquartile range) to immunosuppression initiation was 4.6 days (1.7–7.8 days) versus 10.9 days (5.1–13.4 days) (p = 0.01), respectively. Five patients (33%) had in-hospital deaths in the early consultation group compared with 7 patients (54%) in later consultation group (p = 0.27). Among the subset of patients who survived to discharge, the 90-day readmission rate was higher in the later consultation group (83% vs 30%, p = 0.12).

Conclusions
In patients with HLH, earlier subspeciality consultation may play a role in earlier HLH consideration and treatment initiation.
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring
Authors: van Praagh Gijs D. , Wang Jia , van der Werf Niels R. , Greuter Marcel J.W. , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Nieman Koen , van Hamersvelt Robbert W. , Oostveen Luuk J. , de Lange Frank , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Leiner Tim , Fleischmann Dominik , Willemink Martin J. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Although the Agatston score is a commonly used quantification method, rescan reproducibility is suboptimal, and different CT scanners result in different scores. In 2007, McCollough et al (Radiology 2007;243:527–538) proposed a standard for coronary artery calcium quantification. Advancements in CT technology over the last decade, however, allow for improved acquisition and reconstruction methods. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of a reproducible reduced dose alternative of the standardized approach for coronary artery calcium quantification on state-of-the-art CT systems from 4 major vendors.

Materials and Methods
An anthropomorphic phantom containing 9 calcifications and 2 extension rings were used. Images were acquired with 4 state-of-the-art CT systems using routine protocols and a variety of tube voltages (80–120 kV), tube currents (100% to 25% dose levels), slice thicknesses (3/2.5 and 1/1.25 mm), and reconstruction techniques (filtered back projection and iterative reconstruction). Every protocol was scanned 5 times after repositioning the phantom to assess reproducibility. Calcifications were quantified as Agatston scores.

Results
Reducing tube voltage to 100 kV, dose to 75%, and slice thickness to 1 or 1.25 mm combined with higher iterative reconstruction levels resulted in an on average 36% lower intrascanner variability (interquartile range) compared with the standard 120 kV protocol. Interscanner variability per phantom size decreased by 34% on average. With the standard protocol, on average, 6.2 ± 0.4 calcifications were detected, whereas 7.0 ± 0.4 were detected with the proposed protocol. Pairwise comparisons of Agatston scores between scanners within the same phantom size demonstrated 3 significantly different comparisons at the standard protocol (P < 0.05), whereas no significantly different comparisons arose at the proposed protocol (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
On state-of-the-art CT systems of 4 different vendors, a 25% reduced dose, thin-slice calcium scoring protocol led to improved intrascanner and interscanner reproducibility and increased detectability of small and low-density calcifications in this phantom. The protocol should be extensively validated before clinical use, but it could potentially improve clinical interscanner/interinstitutional reproducibility and enable more consistent risk assessment and treatment strategies.
Changes in Eyelid Position Following Silicone Tube Insertion and Removal in Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Vu Que Anh , Youn Ji Min , Baek Sehyun 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
The authors sought to assess the changes in eyelid position after silicone tube insertion and removal in endoscopic dacryocys-torhinostomy.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed 60 eyes of 48 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy operation at Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, between April 2019 and November 2019. All cases were evaluated to discern eyelid positioning, focusing on the marginal reflex distance 1, medial palpebral fissure, central palpebral fissure (PF-2), lateral palpebral fissure (PF-3), and medial canthal angle (MCA) before surgery and at 1 week and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months postoperatively.

Results:
Twelve patients (25%) were operated on bilaterally and 36 patients (75%) were operated on unilaterally. The average patient age was 56.5years and 9 men (18.8%) and 39 women (81.3%) were included in this study. At 2 months postoperatively, all values of interest (marginal reflex distance 1, medial palpebral fissure, PF-2, PF-3, and MCA) had decreased significantly (p < 0.05, Friedman test), but the changes in PF-3 immediately after surgery were not significant (P = 0.062, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). From 2 to 3 months after surgery, all 5 indicators of interest increased significantly. After silicone tube removal, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in medial palpebral fissure, PF-3, and marginal reflex distance 1 values; the changes in PF-2 and MCA values as compared with before surgery was 0.47 mm (p = 0.02, Wilcoxon test) and 3.25° (p = 0.000, Wilcoxon test), respectively, which was significantly different. However, with these small gaps, it will be difficult to notice the changes in PF-2 and MCA values during clinical examination.

Conclusion:
Insertion of a silicone tube during endoscopic dacryo-cystorhinostomy leads to temporary deformation of the lid position. However, after silicone tube removal, all eyelids recovered to their original shape.
Unusual Gigantiform Angiomatosis of Jawbone
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Anehosur Venkatesh , Desai Anil , Agrawal Sayli , Prabhu Avinash , Hallikeri Kaveri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to highlight rare highly infiltrative massive Angiomatosis and depict surgical outcome of a rare case series of gigantic lesions in the maxillofacial region. Data were recorded from the medical records of patients. Predictor variables were drawn from demographics, age, gender, site, evaluation of surgical treatment. The outcome variables were the challenges encountered and related complications. Out of 6 patients, the youngest was 10 and the oldest was 26 years old. Soft tissue and jawbone involvement were seen in 3 patients each with a single massive lesion involving both maxilla and mandible. All 6 patients had wide excision of the lesion with one patient having 2 stage procedures. No complications or recurrence was seen at 1-year follow-up. Angiomatosis is a rare and benign lesion in the head and neck region. its diffuse infiltrating nature may give a false malignant picture. it clinically mimics Hemangioma or Arteriovenous (AV) malformation thus requires thorough evaluation and its surgical intervention is challenging as described in this case series because of its magnitude and infiltrative nature.
Spontaneous Fracture of the Maxillary Sinus as a Consequence of Nose-Blowing
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Lim Sang Chul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spontaneous fracture of the maxillary sinus without preceding trauma or pathology is extremely rare. Our patient presented with a maxillary sinus fracture related to recurrent nose-blowing, in the absence of any other cause. Although rare, spontaneous fracture of maxillary sinus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pain and swelling of the cheek and eye in elderly patients.