bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Formula-Based Methods with Diverse TGL: VLDL-C Ratio for Calculating LDL-C in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chowdary Maneni V. P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The most popular Friedewald formula (FF) was tailored with a fixed factor of 5 for triglyceride-very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGL:VLDL-C) ratio. Some of the subsequent studies on diverse population demonstrated modified FF with only altered TGL:VLDL-C ratio, comprising either a fixed or an adjustable factor. Hata and Nakajima as well as Puavilai et al proposed fixed factors of 4 and 6, respectively. Recently, Martin et al recommended an adjustable factor derived as N-strata-specific median TGL:VLDL-C ratio based on TGL and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C).
Aim This comparative retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of LDL-C formulae, varying only in TGL-VLDL-C ratio, using direct LDL-C assay as a reference method in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods A total of 1,747 patient records with lipid profile data were procured. Concordance analysis, absolute difference, and post hoc test were employed as analytical tools. The impact of total cholesterol (TChol), TGL, and HDL-C on formulae was also evaluated.
Results Overall, Martin equation had relatively the highest concordance, narrowest absolute difference, and minimal influence of TChol, TGL, and HDL-C. On the contrary, the Hata method revealed comparatively the lowest concordance, widest absolute difference, and high influence of TChol, TGL, and HDL-C. The remaining formula-based approaches, that is, FF and Puavilai calculation, executed mostly inconsistent intermittent features between Martin equation and Hata method.
Conclusion Relatively dominant and competitive analytical attributes of the Martin equation with an adjustable TGL:VLDL-C factor outweigh the remaining three formulae-based methods with fixed TGL:VLDL-C factor in Indian adults.
Estimation of Fluoride and Sirtuin1 in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy in Kolar District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Ram Mohan Sai Deepika , Shashidhar Kurpad N. , Anjanappa Raveesha , Chandrappa Muninarayana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy is growing rapidly in Asian countries, affecting low- and middle-income groups. One of the epidemiological issues of Kolar district is fluorosis; advanced glycation end product, carboxymethyl lysine (CML), and a molecule of interest Sirtuin1 are employed in the present study. In the correlation of fluoride with sirtuin1and CML with sirtuin1 of cases lies the important rationale of the study to assess the extent of kidney damage.
Materials and Methods This is a comparative cross-sectional study with three groups, each with 70 patients, as follows: G1, control; G2, diabetes with diabetic nephropathy; and G3, type-2 DM without any complications. Informed written consent was obtained from all study patients. All the routine investigations were performed by fully automated Vitro 5, 1 Fs, Vitros. Fasting insulin was analyzed by Vitro eCI and glycated hemoglobin was estimated by BioRad D10. Sirtuin1, CML, and fructosamine were estimated by double antibody sandwich technique.
Statistical Analysis The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20 (IBM) software. Means of normally distributed data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and not normally distributed data were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results A decrease in sirtuin1, serum, and urine fluoride of group 2 (34.74 [25.08–53.2], 0.24 [0.2–0.5], and 0.24 [0.16–0.41]) was observed compared with other groups. Increased CML and fluoride act as prooxidant, restricting the effect of sirtuin1 on cellular damage, causing further complications such as increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity.
Conclusion The alterations in serum sirtuin1 levels indicate the severity of damage due to stress during hyperglycemia and fluoride toxicity; hence, sirtuin1 can be considered as biomarker of aging. Subsequently, the correlation of CML, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fluoride with sirtuin1 indicates that increasing sirtuin1 may defend the forthcoming damage and could be considered in therapeutics.
Robust Protective Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination in India—Results of Survey in the Midst of Pandemic’s Second Wave
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Maheshwari Udip , Krishna V. M. , Gupta S. , Patil T. , Mandhaniya S. , Mehta P. , Somashekhar S. P. , Parekh B. , Singh R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to document the incidence of COVID-19 in vaccinated health care professionals and related personnel.
Method We conducted an online survey to ascertain the incidence of COVID-19 symptoms, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity, effect on normal activity, need for anti-COVID-19 medication, hospitalization, and death among individuals who had completed both doses of COVID vaccination at least 2 weeks earlier.
Results A total of 351 unique valid responses were received. Among the 340 people who had been vaccinated in India, 5% (17/340) had COVID-19 symptoms, 4.7% (16) became COVID-19 RT-PCR positive, 12 (3.5%) had sickness preventing normal daily activity, 2.65% (9) required anti-COVID-19 medication, and 1.18% (4) required hospitalization. Among family members living with the survey responders, the corresponding incidence was even lower. There was one death in this group.
Discussion Being health care professionals, the responders would be at higher risk of daily exposure to COVID-19. Even in this high risk group, the vaccine efficacy is good. Vulture journalists should stop spreading fake news and misinformation that makes people hesitate taking the vaccine or be afflicted analysis paralysis. Every person who chooses to remain unvaccinated increases the risk for our entire community. We also need to follow universal precautions (wearing mask, physical distancing, handwashing) diligently without letting down our guard.
Has Convalescent Plasma Therapy Hesitancy Increased COVID-19 Mortality?
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Sood T. , Agarwala V. , Kate S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe bring to you our viewpoint and a snapshot of the journey of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) in the management of ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We also discuss how best to use the updated data on this important treatment option and maximize benefit for our patients, thereby saving lives, especially in resource constraint settings.
New venture entrepreneurship and context in East Asia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hemmert Martin , Cross Adam R. , Cheng Ying , Kim Jae-Jin , Kotosaka Masahiro , Waldenberger Franz , Zheng Leven J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile research on new venture entrepreneurship has been predominantly conducted in Western countries, East Asian start-ups have gained global relevance in recent years. In this article, we systematically review studies on new venture entrepreneurship in East Asia published in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)-listed journals between 2000 and 2020 and find that the number of papers annually published has been rapidly increasing. However, the research body is highly unbalanced, as most articles are single-country studies focused on China, apply a quantitative methodology, and concentrate on topics such as entrepreneurial strategies and new venture entrepreneurs’ personal attributes and networks. Moreover, a majority of studies provides no or only a weak consideration of the national or subnational context. More strongly contextualized research on countries such as Japan and South Korea and on less studied themes such as culture, entrepreneurial financing, entrepreneurial teams, new venture internationalization and new venture entrepreneurial intention is desirable.
The interplay of economic vote dimensions: inequality, redistribution preferences and support for incumbents
Authors: Živković Slaven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEconomic voting is multidimensional (covering valence, patrimony and positional dimensions), and a growing number of research contributions have explored the existence and strength of the effect of these dimensions on voting. However, we know comparatively little about the interplay between these dimensions. This article fills that void by focusing on how the interplay between the rise of income inequality (the valence dimension) and redistribution preferences (the positional dimension) influences support for incumbents. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Modules 4 and 5, I find that preferences for income redistribution reduce the likelihood of voters supporting incumbent parties. Modest evidence demonstrates that this relationship is stronger in countries where inequality increased to a greater degree between elections. Voters who want more redistribution tend to re-elect left-wing governments and want to throw out right-wing incumbents. However, rise of inequality hurts both left-wing and right-wing incumbents.
Climate change and human heat stress exposure in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ayal Desalegn Yayeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The sub-Saharan Africa region has been affected by multifaceted interrelated challenges including climate change risks, environmental degradation, political crises, demographic, and food security. The region is geographically exposed to and heavily depends on heat stress–sensitive livelihood and economy. Unlike drought, flood, and erratic rainfall, the situation and impact of heat stress are not well documented. This paper summarized the impact of heat stress on various sectors of the Sahel region. The result revealed that exposure to heat stress contributed to water, agricultural, food security, health, and economic adverse impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. The study also shows in sub-Saharan Africa especially in semiarid and arid areas the future impact of heat stress in various sectors is expected to be more severe. The changes and impacts of heat stress are not uniform across the region. For instance, East Africa is at higher risk of acquiring concurrent health impacts. West Africa is projected to experience severe impacts on food production. South Africa observes the strongest decrease in precipitation with concurrent risks of drought. Thus, understanding the effect of heat stress on humans and various heat-sensitive sectors should be the focus of researchers. However, given the degree of uncertainty of the models’ results and effect of heat stress in the region, it is important to develop adaptive capacities at different ecological settings that enable the region population to adapt to risk factors related to climate change and heat stress.
MODB: a comprehensive mitochondrial genome database for Mollusca
Authors: Qu Jiangyong , Xu Yanran , Cui Yutong , Wu Sen , Wang Lijun , Liu Xiumei , Xing Zhikai , Guo Xiaoyu , Wang Shanshan , Li Ruoran , Sun Xiaoyue , Li Xiang , Wang Xiyue , Liu Tao , Wang Xumin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mollusca is the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all named marine organisms, Mollusca systematics are still in flux, and an increase in human activities has affected Molluscan reproduction and development, strongly impacting diversity and classification. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mitochondrial genome of Mollusca. The Mollusca mitochondrial database (MODB) was established for the Life and Health Big Data Center of Yantai University. This database is dedicated to collecting, sorting and sharing basic information regarding mollusks, especially their mitochondrial genome information. We also integrated a series of analysis and visualization tools, such as BLAST, MUSCLE, GENEWISE and LASTZ. In particular, a phylogenetic tree was implemented in this database to visualize the evolutionary relationships between species. The original version contains 616 species whose mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced. The database provides comprehensive information and analysis platform for researchers interested in understanding the biological characteristics of mollusks.
Database URL: http://modb.ytu.edu.cn/
Relentless Individual and Collective Commitment: an Interview with Jaydeep Sarangi and Manohar Mouli Biswas
Authors: Simon Surya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This interview with Indian translator, Professor Jaydeep Sarangi, and Indian writer, Manohar Mouli Biswas, was conducted on 16th April, 2019 in New Alipore College, India; and was part of a series of interviews conducted for a doctoral project that examines caste system and Dalit experiences in the context of India. In this interview, Sarangi sheds light on his experiences as a translator of Indian narratives from Bengali to English. He talks in-depth about his passion for translating Dalit narratives and his relentless commitment towards studies on the Dalit subject. Biswas shares his arduous and inspirational experiences as a Dalit, as a writer, and as a social worker. He also explores the scope and possibilities offered through writing and translation, and what that means to the Dalit collective as well as the Indian society as a whole.
Labour History’s Biographical Turn
Authors: Chase Malcolm 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This translation of Malcolm Chase’s 2010 article explores the opportunity that biography provides to challenge dominant accounts of Chartism, incorporating women and familial networks. Biography has been a discursive strategy of central importance to labour history, challenging historians to communicate beyond the academic milieu, to overcome the restrictions of identity/class politics without dismissing still useful categories, and to go beyond the theoretical division between empiricism and a cultural history marked by the ‘linguistic turn’. Revealing the interplay between agency and social determination, biography can relate the intimate and the personal to the realm of the social and political.
Clinical Phenotype and Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comparison Between Sporadic and Familial Cases
Authors: Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Anushiravani Amir , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Fakheri Hafez , Vahedi Homayoon , Sheikhesmaeili Farshad , Yazdanbod Abbas , Moosavy Seyed Hamid , Vosoghinia Hasan , Maleki Iradj , Nasseri-Moghaddam Siavosh , Khosravi Bardia , Malekzadeh Masoud , Kasaeian Amir , Alatab Sudabeh , Sadeghi Anahita , Kolahdoozan Shadi , Rayatpisheh Maryam , Sima Ali Reza , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The role of genetic and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease’s (IBD) clinical course is not fully clear. We aimed to assess the clinical phenotype, disease course, and prognosis of familial IBD in comparison with sporadic cases.

Methods
We conducted a prospective national matched case-control study of registered IBD patients in the Iranian Registry of Crohn’s and Colitis (IRCC) recruited from 2017 until 2020. Sporadic and familial IBD patients were matched based on age, sex, and disease duration. Data on demographics, past medical disease, family history of IBD, disease type, clinical phenotype, extraintestinal manifestations, IBD medications, IBD activity using the IBD-control-8 questionnaire and the Manitoba IBD index, emergency visits in the past 12 months, admissions in the past 3 months, history of colon cancer, IBD-related surgeries, and aggressive phenotype were gathered. Variable distributions were compared between sporadic and familial cases.

Results
Overall, 5231 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, 18.3% familial) and 1438 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD, 16.7% familial) were registered in the IRCC. Age at diagnosis was similar between familial and sporadic cases. After matching, 3523 UC patients and 908 CD patients were enrolled in the study. Extraintestinal manifestations, UC extent, CD location and behavior, anti-TNF use, disease activity, colon cancer, IBD-related surgeries and the aggressive phenotype were similar between these sporadic and familial cases.

Conclusions
The prevalence of familial UC and CD cases in Iran was more similar to western countries, and family history did not show a predictive value for disease phenotype, course, and outcomes in our study.
Resolving the Rules of Robustness and Resilience in Biology Across Scales
Authors: Crespi Erica , Burnap Robert , Chen Jing , Das Moumita , Gassman Natalie , Rosa Epaminondas , Simmons Rebecca , Wada Haruka , Wang Zhen Q , Xiao Jie , Yang Bing , Yin John , Goldstone Jared V 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhy do some biological systems and communities persist while others fail? Robustness, a system's stability, and resilience, the ability to return to a stable state, are key concepts that span multiple disciplines within and outside the biological sciences. Discovering and applying common rules that govern the robustness and resilience of biological systems is a critical step toward creating solutions for species survival in the face of climate change, as well as the for the ever-increasing need for food, health, and energy for human populations. We propose that network theory provides a framework for universal scalable mathematical models to describe robustness and resilience and the relationship between them, and hypothesize that resilience at lower organization levels contribute to robust systems. Insightful models of biological systems can be generated by quantifying the mechanisms of redundancy, diversity, and connectivity of networks, from biochemical processes to ecosystems. These models provide pathways towards understanding how evolvability can both contribute to and result from robustness and resilience under dynamic conditions. We now have an abundance of data from model and non-model systems and the technological and computational advances for studying complex systems. Several conceptual and policy advances will allow the research community to elucidate the rules of robustness and resilience. Conceptually, a common language and data structure that can be applied across levels of biological organization needs to be developed. Policy advances such as cross-disciplinary funding mechanisms, access to affordable computational capacity, and the integration of network theory and computer science within the standard biological science curriculum will provide the needed research environments. This new understanding of biological systems will allow us to derive ever more useful forecasts of biological behaviors and revolutionize the engineering of biological systems that can survive changing environments or disease, navigate the deepest oceans, or sustain life throughout the solar system.
The crescent sign—a predictor of hip instability in magnetic resonance arthrography
Authors: Zurmühle Corinne A , Kuner Valerie , McInnes James , Pfluger Dominik H , Beck Martin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Currently, much is debated on the optimal treatment of borderline hips, being in the continuum between stable and unstable hips. The diagnosis of stability is often difficult but is a prerequisite for further treatment. Analysis includes a variety of radiographic parameters. We observed that unstable hips often had a crescent-like gadolinium collection in the postero-inferior joint space. We therefore questioned if the ‘crescent sign’ could be an indicator for hip instability? A retrospective comparative study was conducted including 56 hips in the instability group (treated with PAO) and 70 hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as control group. Based on standard radiographic parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the association between hip instability and the ‘crescent sign’ was analyzed. For univariate group comparisons, the non-parametric Wilcoxon two sample test was used. Association between discrete variables was examined by means of chi-square tests. To examine predictive variables, logistic regression models were carried out. Most hips with a crescent sign belong to the instability group. A crescent sign has a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 93% for instability. Based on our results, the crescent sign is a factor that is more prevalent in unstable hips. However, its absence does not exclude instability of the hip. If present, the specificity speaks strongly in favor for instability of the hip.
Bee-Parasitic Strepsipterans (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) Induce Their Hosts’ Flower-Visiting Behavior Change
Authors: Nakase Yuta , Kato Makoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParasites sometimes manipulate their host’s behavior to increase their own fitness by enhancing the likelihood that their offspring will reach their hosts. Bees are often parasitized by immobile adult female strepsipterans which seem to modify bees’ behavior to facilitate the release of mobile first-instar larvae onto flowers. To better understand how the parasite may modify the host’s behavior, we compared the foraging behavior of the sweat bee Lasioglossum apristum (Vachal, 1903) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) between bees parasitized and unparasitized by the strepsipteran Halictoxenos borealis Kifune, 1982 (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae). Both parasitized and unparasitized bees frequently visited Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae) inflorescences, which are polleniferous but nectarless. On H. serrata inflorescences, unparasitized bees collected pollen from the anthers, but parasitized bees did not collect or eat pollen. Instead, they displayed a peculiar behavior, bending their abdomens downward and pressing them against the flower. This peculiar behavior, which was observed only in bees parasitized by a female strepsipteran in the larvae-releasing stage, may promote the release of mobile first-instar larvae onto flowers. Our observations suggest that the altered flower-visiting behavior of parasitized bees may benefit the parasite. Moreover, it suggests that strepsipteran parasites may modify their host’s behavior only when the larvae reach a certain life stage.
Infrarenal aortic reconstruction using autologous femoral vein for a mycotic aneurysm caused by Streptococcus equi
Authors: Ghaly Paul , Di Mascio Delfino , Vicaretti Mauro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A common source of infection in equine, Streptococcus equi, is an uncommon pathogen in humans, rarely identified as the cause for mycotic aortic aneurysms. Typically associated with consumption of unpasteurized milk or contact with horses, S. equi can result in severe bacteremia, endocarditis and meningitis. We describe the presentation and successful management of a 69-year-old retired equestrian who underwent infrarenal aortic resection and reconstruction using autologous right femoral vein for a S. equi mycotic aneurysm.