bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited Flavivirus Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Elicited by a Zika Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccine Candidate in Humans
Authors: Burgomaster Katherine E , Foreman Bryant M , Aleshnick Maya A , Larman Bridget C , Gordon David N , Maciejewski Sonia , Morabito Kaitlyn M , Ledgerwood Julie E , Gaudinski Martin R , Chen Grace L , Mascola John R , Debbink Kari , Dowd Kimberly A , Graham Barney S , Pierson Theodore C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine VRC5283 encoding viral structural genes has been shown to be immunogenic in humans. Recognizing that antigenically related flaviviruses cocirculate in regions with ZIKV activity, we explored the degree of antibody cross-reactivity elicited by this vaccine candidate using genetically diverse flaviviruses. The antibody response of vaccinated individuals with no evidence of prior flavivirus infection or vaccine experience had a limited capacity to bind heterologous viruses. In contrast, vaccine-elicited antibodies from individuals with prior flavivirus experience had a greater capacity to bind, but not neutralize, distantly related flaviviruses. These findings suggest that prior flavivirus exposure shapes the humoral immune response to vaccination.
Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs (35 to 120 kg)
Authors: Wellington Michael O , Bosompem Michael A , Rodrigues Lucas A , Columbus Daniel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P &lt; 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P &lt; 0.05), with no difference in GF (P &gt; 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different (P &gt; 0.05). No significant (P &gt; 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P &lt; 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P &gt; 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P &gt; 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing &gt; 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake.
A mixing microfluidic chip for real-time NMR monitoring of macromolecular reactions
Authors: Yamasaki Kazuhiko , Yamasaki Tomoko , Takahashi Masaharu , Suematsu Hiroto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
NMR spectroscopy permits real-time monitoring of reactions that involve changes in the spectra of reactants. MICCS (MIcro Channelled Cell for Synthesis monitoring) is a microfluidic chip for such purposes, which is used to rapidly activate reactions by mixing the reactant solutions in the chip inserted into the typical NMR tube. Although it allows monitoring of chemical reactions of small compounds, its simple mixing system dependent on diffusion in the microchannel was not suitable for macromolecules such as proteins with low diffusion rates. Here, we developed a new microfluidic chip based on MICCS by incorporating a mixer of split-and-recombination type within the microchannel. We applied it to monitoring of the protein-folding reaction in a stopped-flow mode. A solution of denaturant-unfolded RNase A was injected from a syringe pump into the microchip set inside the NMR magnet and mixed with a buffer for dilution to reach the folding condition. Immediately after dilution, the reaction was initiated and detected by a series of NMR measurements that were synchronized with activation and inactivation of the pump. The process was repeated for accumulation of the data. By analysing the change of the spectra by factor analysis, a kinetic constant of 0.57 min−1 was obtained.
The Pollination and Fruit Quality of Two Kiwifruit Cultivars (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’) (Ericales: Actinidiaceae) Grown in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Abbate Anthony P , Campbell Joshua W , Vinson Edgar L , Williams Geoffrey R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Kiwifruit is a new emerging crop for the southeastern United States that requires cross-pollination to set fruit. However, the pollination requirements for varieties grown in the southeastern United States are unknown. Through insect surveys and a bagging experiment, we assessed the pollination requirements of two female kiwifruit cultivars (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’). For each, fruit quantity (fruit set) and fruit quality (weight, size, seed count, firmness, soluble solid content, and dry matter) were compared among three pollination treatments (wind, insect, and artificial pollination). Low abundances of insects were observed visiting female flowers of both kiwifruit cultivars, and therefore likely minimally influenced kiwifruit pollination. Artificial pollination resulted in the greatest percentages of fruit set and marketable fruits, followed by insect and wind pollination. Artificial pollination resulted in fruits that were greater in weight, size, and contained more seeds, than insect- and wind-pollinated fruits. Firmness and soluble solid content did not vary greatly between pollination treatments, yet were greater in ‘AU Golden Sunshine’. Dry matter content did not vary greatly between pollination treatments or between each cultivar. To maximize yields and optimize fruit quality, these results suggest that kiwifruit producers should place more effort into artificial pollination compared to wind and insect pollination. Future research should explore the use of managed bees (e.g., honey bees and bumble bees) within kiwifruit orchards to determine ways to utilize them as a secondary source for pollination needs.
Rival guests or defiant hosts? The local economic impact of hosting refugees
Authors: Batut Cyprien , Schneider-Strawczynski Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the local economic cost of hosting refugees. Using administrative data in France, we show that the opening of small housing centers for refugees decreases the economic activity in hosting municipalities. We demonstrate that this downturn is related to a decline in the population by around 2% due to fewer people moving to hosting municipalities. We show that this avoidance behavior of natives results from prejudices, and is unlikely to be driven by a labor market supply shock from the arrival of refugees. We also estimate the aggregate cost of hosting refugees.
Assessing the Impact of the Habitats Directive: A Case Study of Europe’s Plants
Authors: Amos Rob 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Habitats Directive will remain central to the EU’s continuing efforts to halt and ultimately reverse biodiversity loss under its 2030 Strategy for Biodiversity. Understanding the role this Directive plays in protecting European species is, therefore, critical if the EU is to deliver on its ambitious nature conservation agenda. This article presents a new study that furthers our understanding of EU law’s ability to deliver meaningful changes to a species’ conservation status by comparing the status of European plants that are protected under the Habitats Directive with those that are not, using the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List. Its findings suggest that the Directive has had only a limited impact on European flora. The article concludes by proposing reforms that could address the shortcomings in the EU’s approach to conservation which are highlighted by the study.
Biology and Management of the Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Rice, Oryza sativa (Poales: Poaceae)
Authors: Bhavanam Santhi , Wilson Blake , Blackman Bryce , Stout Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius), is the most important late-season insect pest of rice in the southern United States. Nymphs and adults feed on rice grains, resulting in losses in yield and grain quality. Aspects of the biology, ecology, life history, and chemical ecology have been investigated in southern rice producing states but several outstanding questions remain. Standard economic threshold levels (ETLs) based on sweep net sampling for rice stink bug have been established depending on grain development stage and geographic location. However, recent studies on the relationship between rice stink bug densities, feeding damage, and its economic impacts suggests that changes to ETLs for rice stink bug may be needed. The primary management tactic for controlling rice stink bug infestations is the application of chemical insecticides, but alternative management tactics are needed because of the potential for development of insecticide resistance and impacts on non-target organisms. Biological control appears to be a promising strategy, even though it has remained largely untapped. Future research should focus on the biology, behavior, host plant preference, and chemical ecology of the rice stink bug, knowledge of which will aid in the development of integrated pest management strategies. This review article covers the biology, feeding behavior, sampling techniques, ETLs, management, knowledge gaps, and potential management tactics of rice stink bug.
Agaveflower visitation by pallid bats,Antrozous pallidus, in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Jaquish Virginia G , Ammerman Loren K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPallid bats, Antrozous pallidus, despite being primarily insectivorous gleaning predators, consume nectar of the cardón cactus, Pachycereus pringlei, in the Sonoran Desert. It is unknown whether nectar feeding occurs in the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas, where pallid bats covered in pollen have been captured. We collected pollen samples from 67 pallid bats in Brewster County, Texas, United States, between April and August 2018. Pollen-covered pallid bats were captured in every month sampled. Pollen densities were three times higher on wings than on the head or ventral body. In all samples collected, the pollen was homogeneous and identified as Agave pollen. Although two species of Agave, A. havardiana and A. lechuguilla, occur in this region of Texas, linear discriminant analysis classified 701 of 723 (97%) of pollen grains analyzed as A. lechuguilla. Additional evidence from infrared video footage collected in August 2018 indicated that pallid bats became covered in A. lechuguilla pollen while consuming nectar. Pallid bats might be engaging in facultative nectarivory across their range and could be important nocturnal pollinators.
Resveratrol protects intestinal epithelial cells against radiation-induced damage by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis through SIRT1 activation
Authors: Qin Haoren , Zhang Heng , Zhang Xipeng , Zhang Shiwu , Zhu Siwei , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Intrinsic autophagy is important for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and intestinal regeneration. Ionizing radiation suppresses intrinsic autophagy and reduces damage-induced regeneration in the intestine, resulting in intestinal injury. Resveratrol, a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) agonist, promotes autophagy and exerts radioprotective effect. In this study, the protective effect of resveratrol against radiation-induced intestinal injury and its potential mechanism were investigated. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were exposed to 10 Gy ionizing radiation and resveratrol (0.1–40.0 μM). Cell viability was investigated using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), apoptosis was observed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptotic and autophagic proteins was determined by western blotting. Resveratrol exerted a high toxicity against IEC-6 cells, but at low concentrations, it inhibited ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. Resveratrol increased SIRT1 expression after irradiation and inhibited ionizing radiation-induced p53 acetylation and pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, expression. Furthermore, resveratrol promoted autophagy via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby protecting IEC-6 cells against radiation-induced damage. These results suggest that resveratrol reduces radiation-induced IEC-6 cell damage by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via the activation of SIRT1, and that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the induction of autophagy.
Strategies of Divergence: Local Authorities, Law, and Discretionary Spaces in Migration Governance
Authors: Oomen Barbara , Baumgärtel Moritz , Miellet Sara , Durmus Elif , Sabchev Tihomir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article classifies and theorizes the strategies of divergence that local authorities employ when confronting the discretionary spaces offered by domestic migration law. We propose a distinction between strategies that are either within or outside the perceived boundaries of the law and those that adopt an explicit or an implicit approach to positioning, thus harnessing or downplaying the communicative potential of the law. Based thereon, we introduce a fourfold typology of strategies of divergences that include defiance, dodging, deviation, and dilution. This typology was developed and refined based on field research in local authorities in Greece, Turkey, Italy, and The Netherlands. The case material also leads us into a preliminary exploration of which types of cities and conditions may lead to the adoption of one strategy over another. As such, this article draws attention to the relevance of law within multi-level migration governance and to the meaning of legal ambiguity and discretion as shaped by law and legal interpretation. The strategies of divergence that mould discretionary spaces, in turn, either mitigate or exacerbate legal uncertainty and should be considered a significant factor to account for change in migration governance.
Incidence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in returning travellers with fever
Authors: Camprubí-Ferrer Daniel , Portillo Aránzazu , Santibáñez Sonia , Almuedo-Riera Alejandro , Rodriguez-Valero Natalia , Subirà Carme , Martinez Miguel J , Navero-Castillejos Jessica , Fernandez-Pardos Marc , Genton Blaise , Cobuccio Ludovico , Van Den Broucke Steven , Bottieau Emmanuel , Muñoz Jose , Oteo José Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Although tick-borne pathogens have been reported as an important cause of imported fever, the incidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), in travellers is unknown.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the aetiologies of fever in returning travellers (November 2017—July 2019). Polymerase chain reaction for msp2 gene amplification and indirect immunofluorescence assay for A. phagocitophilum were performed in all returning travellers with undifferentiated non-malarial fever.

Results
Among 141 travellers included, 8 patients were diagnosed with probable or confirmed HGA. The overall incidence rate of HGA was 19.9 cases/1000 person—week of travel. The main destination of travel was Asia, accounting for 62.5% patients with HGA. Co-infections were found in 37.5% of patients with HGA.

Conclusions
Diagnosis of HGA and empirical treatment with doxycycline should be considered in travellers with fever.
Postoperative Opioid Pain Medication Usage Following Adult Tonsillectomy
Authors: Winters Jessica R , Hill Christopher J , Frasier Samuel D , Riddick Jeanelle D , Schlocker Caroline M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to determine if short-term, high-quantity opioid use following adult tonsillectomy in active duty military members results in opioid misuse, using a proxy measure of referrals to substance abuse rehabilitation programs.

Materials and Methods
An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective chart review was performed of 741 active duty patients who underwent tonsillectomy between 2012 and 2017. Data collection included preoperative medications within 60 days of surgery, all postoperative opioid prescriptions up to 12 months following surgery, and referrals to substance abuse rehabilitation within a year of surgery.

Results
Out of 741 patients, 658 met inclusion criteria. Fifty-one percent were women and the average age was 26 years. Fifty-nine percent of patients received 5 mg/325 mg oxycodone/acetaminophen as their initial postoperative pain medication. The average number of opioid tablets prescribed was 70 ± 18. Ninety three percent of patients received at least 60 tabs. The refill rate within 30 days of tonsillectomy was 38.6%. In the year following surgery, 25.4% of patients received additional doses of outpatient opioids for other indications. Nineteen patients (2.9%) were referred for substance abuse treatment within 1 year of tonsillectomy: seventeen for alcohol abuse, one for marijuana, and one for alcohol/marijuana. There were no referrals for opiate misuse or abuse.

Conclusion
Short-term, high-quantity opioid treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain in active duty adults does not result in long-term opioid misuse, as measured by substance abuse treatment program referrals within a year after surgery. This finding supports the appropriateness of adequate short-term narcotic medication treatment. The long-term readiness of these patients appears unaffected by long-term opioid misuse or abuse. Even with this finding, there is an institutional shift to multi-modality pain management and appropriate opioid reduction to further mitigate the risk of opioid misuse. Extrapolation of these findings to all adult tonsillectomy patients should be done with caution, as there are several protective factors in the active duty population such as stable full-time employment with mandatory random drug screening.
Accelerated Progression of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Krauth Daniel S , Jamros Christina M , Rivard Shayna C , Olson Niels H , Maves Ryan C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a patient with subclinical coccidioidomycosis who experienced rapid disease dissemination shortly after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting host immune response dysregulation to coccidioidomycosis by SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that disrupted cell-mediated signaling may result after SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to functional exhaustion and CD8+ T-cell senescence with impairment in host cellular response to Coccidioides infection.
Proselytism as Epistemic Violence: A Jewish Approach to the Ethics of Religious Persuasion
Authors: Lebens Samuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to provide a philosophical justification for the counterintuitive attitude that Judaism seems to have towards proselytism; and (2) to extend the case so as to create a general argument, applicable to all religions, against many forms of proselytism.
Crystal structure and functional implication of a bacterial cyclic AMP–AMP–GMP synthetase
Authors: Ko Tzu-Ping , Wang Yu-Chuan , Tsai Chia-Ling , Yang Chia-Shin , Hou Mei-Hui , Chen Yeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mammalian cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its homologue dinucleotide cyclase in Vibrio cholerae (VcDncV) produce cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that participate in the defense against viral infection. Recently, scores of new cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases) were discovered, which produce various CDNs and cyclic trinucleotides (CTNs) as second messengers. Here, we present the crystal structures of EcCdnD, a CD-NTase from Enterobacter cloacae that produces cyclic AMP-AMP-GMP, in its apo-form and in complex with ATP, ADP and AMPcPP, an ATP analogue. Despite the similar overall architecture, the protein shows significant structural variations from other CD-NTases. Adjacent to the donor substrate, another nucleotide is bound to the acceptor binding site by a non-productive mode. Isothermal titration calorimetry results also suggest the presence of two ATP binding sites. GTP alone does not bind to EcCdnD, which however binds to pppApG, a possible intermediate. The enzyme is active on ATP or a mixture of ATP and GTP, and the best metal cofactor is Mg2+. The conserved residues Asp69 and Asp71 are essential for catalysis, as indicated by the loss of activity in the mutants. Based on structural analysis and comparison with VcDncV and RNA polymerase, a tentative catalytic pathway for the CTN-producing EcCdnD is proposed.
Untangling the contributions of meteorological conditions and human mobility to tropospheric NO2 in Chinese mainland during the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Bo Haixu , Jiang Zhe , Wang Yu , Fu Yunfei , Cao Bingwei , Wang Xuewen , Chen Jiaqi , Li Rui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In early 2020, unprecedented lockdowns and travel bans were implemented in Chinese mainland to fight COVID-19, which led to a large reduction in anthropogenic emissions. This provided a unique opportunity to isolate the effects from emission and meteorology on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Comparing the atmospheric NO2 in 2020 with that in 2017, we found the changes of emission have led to a 49.3 ± 23.5% reduction, which was ∼12% more than satellite-observed reduction of 37.8 ± 16.3%. The discrepancy was mainly a result of changes of meteorology, which have contributed to an 8.1 ± 14.2% increase of NO2. We also revealed that the emission-induced reduction of NO2 has significantly negative correlations to human mobility, particularly that inside the city. The intra-city migration index derived from Baidu Location-Based-Service can explain 40.4% ± 17.7% variance of the emission-induced reduction of NO2 in 29 megacities, each of which has a population of over 8 million in Chinese mainland.