bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training-Associated Alterations In Equine Respiratory Immunity – A Multi-Omics Comparative Approach.
Authors: Karagianni Anna Eleonora , Kurian Dominic , Cillán-Garcia Eugenio , Eaton Samantha , Wishart Thomas M. , Pirie R. Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Neutrophilic airway inflammation is highly prevalent in racehorses in training, with the term mild to moderate equine asthma (MMEA) being applied to the majority of such cases. Our proposed study is largely derived from the strong association between MMEA in racehorses and their entry into a race training program; this has led to our primary aim of measuring the effect of race training on pulmonary immune cell function. The objectives of this study are to characterise the effect of training on the local pulmonary immune system and quantify the magnitude of effect by defining (a) the gene expression of tracheal wash (TW) derived cells and (b) the protein expression of TW samples derived from Thoroughbred racehorses prior to (T0) and following commencement of race training (T1). Results: Tracheal wash samples were obtained at both time points (T0, T1) from the same Thoroughbred horses (n=16). Gene expression of TW derived cells, determined by RNAseq and analysed by DEseq2 detected 2,138 differentially expressed (DE) genes during the training period; 1,122 of these were upregulated. The proteome of TW samples was also evaluated and contained 260 DE proteins during the training period; 103 of these were upregulated and the rest downregulated. Gene and protein sets were enriched for biological processes related to acute phase response and oxidative stress, as well as to immune response and inflammation. Many genes, including ISG15, ISG20, IFI35, SOCS1 and TRIM21, were highly enriched for IFN signaling. Interestingly, pathway analysis also highlighted genes and proteins related to haemopoietic processes.Conclusions: This study demonstrated TW samples to represent a rich source of airway cells, protein and RNA to study airway immunity in the horse and highlighted the benefits of a multi-omics methodological approach to studying the dynamics of equine airway immunity. Intense training induced quantifiable alterations in both gene and protein expression of airway derived cells is consistent with deregulation of airway immunity and haemopoietic abnormalities. Respectively, these findings likely reflect the known associations between race training and both airway inflammation and bleeding, in particular offering further insight into the potential mechanisms which underpin training associated airway inflammation.
PET/CT radiomics and machine learning enable non-invasive survival stratification and histologic tumor risk profiling in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Meixin , Kluge Kilian , Papp Laszlo , Grahovac Marko , Yang Shaomin , Jiang Chunting , Krajnc Denis , Spielvogel Clemens P. , Ecsedi Boglarka , Haug Alexander , Wang Shiwei , Hacker Marcus , Zhang Weifang , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Risk stratification in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is mandatory for treatment guiding and outcome prediction. Amongst clinical parameters including histological analyses, imaging procedures provide important information. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of machine learning models trained on clinical and 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) derived radiomic data to predict overall survival (OS), tumor grade (TG), and histologic growth pattern risk (GPR) in treatment naïve LUAD patients.
Methods

421 treatment naïve patients with histologically diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma and available [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Four patient cohorts were generated based on the available data for predicting 4-year OS (n = 276), 3-year OS (n = 280), TG (n = 298) and GPR (n = 265). [18F]FDG-positive lesions were delineated semiautomatically, from which 2082 radiomic features were extracted and combined with endpoint-specific clinical and demographic parameters. Machine learning models were built for the prediction of 4-year OS (M4OS), 3-year OS (M3OS), tumor grading (MTG) and histologic growth pattern risk (MGPR), respectively. Monte Carlo (MC) cross-validation with 100-folds and 80:20 training to validation split was employed as a performance evaluation for all models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the association between the M4OS and M3OS predictions with OS.
Results

Area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was highest for M4OS (AUC 0.88), followed by M3OS (AUC 0.84), while MTG and MGPR performed equally well (AUC 0.76). Predictions of M4OS (HR 0.128, p < 0.000001) and M3OS (HR 0.0942, p < 0.000001) were independently associated with OS.
Conclusion

In our retrospective cohorts, machine learning models demonstrated the ability to prognosticate long-term survival outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, tumor lesions could be characterized according to their histologic grade and predominant growth pattern risk with high accuracy.
Risk Factors for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Family Members (PICS-F) of Adult Patients: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Putowski Zbigniew , Rachfalska Natalia , Majewska Karolina , Megger Katarzyna , Krzych Łukasz J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Relatives of critically ill patients who either die or survive the intensive care unit (ICU) may develop substantial mental health problems that are collectively defined as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Family (PICS-F). It is important to document in a systematic manner all of the possible risk factors associated with the development of the latter.Methods: By using a systematized search strategy we included studies that focused on PICS-F in relatives of adult ICU patients and reported the risk factors associated with its development. The search was conducted within PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Library on the 2nd of May, 2021. PRISMA guidelines were implemented for appropriate reporting. Results: We included 52 papers covering 8293 relatives. The prevalence of PICS-F varied between 2.5-69%. We identified over 70 different risk factors of PICS-F, among which we distinguished patient-related (n=28), relative-related (n=33) and medical staff-related (n=9) risk factors. Among 17 studies with the highest quality we identified the 7 following factors associated with the development of PICS-F: younger age of a patient, death of a patient, depression in relatives during the ICU stay, history of mental disorders in relatives, being a spouse and low satisfaction with communication & care in the ICU.Conclusions: PICS-F is a highly prevalent phenomenon that may be exacerbated by a number of risk factors. Special attention should be paid to proper identification of susceptible relatives in order to prevent PICS.
Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Cadmium (Cd)-Contaminated Soil With Interval Power breaking
Authors: Cai Zongping , Sun Yan , Deng Yanghong , Zheng Xiaojie , Sun Shuiyu , Sinkkonen Aki , Romantschuk Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study compared electrokinetic (EK) remediation with and without interval power breaking in the removal of total and plant available cadmium (Cd) in the soil. Two laboratory experiments, i.e. EK remediation with interval power breaking (24-12 h power-on-off cycles) and conventional EK remediation (continuous power supply) with the same accumulated time (192 h) of power supply were conducted to remove soil Cd. After the EK remediation by interval power breaking, the total Cd removal efficiency in the soil rose to 38%, in comparison to 28% by the conventional EK remediation. As for the plant available Cd, the removal efficiency was enhanced from 52% to 63%. Additionally, the electric current during the EK remediation and electric conductivity after the EK remediation were higher in the soil treated by interval power breaking, which indicated an enhanced desorption and/or migration of charged species. It further meant that the higher removal efficiency of soil Cd by interval power breaking could be related to the enhanced desorption and/or migration of Cd species. This study indicated that both conventional EK remediation and EK remediation with interval power breaking were effective methods to remove soil Cd but EK remediation with interval power breaking was more efficient.
Synthesis of α-Al2O3 Nanoparticles From Pepsi Cans Wastes and Its Fungicidal Effect on Some Mycotoxins Producing Fungal Isolates
Authors: Ismail Asmaa , Kabary Hoda , Samy Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Green synthesis of nanomaterials is the most recent trend in nanotechology because it is synthesized the highly valuable compounds (nanomaterials) from wastes to reduce the highly negative impact of these wastes in environment. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify the most common mycotoxin, aflatoxin producing fungi from Maize and soybean grains which considered as the great economical importance as both animal and human feed. In addition to green synthesized of a-Al2O3 from cans and to detect its antifungal effect on the isolate’s growth at different concentrations. Thereafter, determining the fungicidal concentration of the tested nanoparticles on the isolated fungal strains. The structural, morphological, optical and antifungal activity of the prepared a-Al2O3. are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Attenuated total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. Results shows that, the most common fungal strains presented were belonging to Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria sp.. Formation of Al2O3 is confirmed using XRD, FESEM and ATR –FTIR. The average particle size of a-Al2O3 is 4-10 nm. Optical band gap of a-Al2O3 are calculated using Tauc relation. Through investigating the fungicide concentration, Data showed that the maximum antifungal activity of aluminum nanoparticles a-Al2O3 was detected for A. flavus, Fusarium sp.and Alternaria sp. in concentration 1, 6 and 50 mg/100ml respectively.
Downstream Fish Passage at Hanover Pond Dam Through the Use of an Archimedes Screw Generator
Authors: Steeves Michael E. , Malvezzi Alex , Nebiolo Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In 2016, an Archimedes Screw Generator (ASG) was installed at the Hanover Pond Dam located in Meriden, CT on the Quinnipiac River to support hydroelectric operations for New England Hydropower Company, LLC (NEHC). The ASG is the first of its kind implemented in the United States, and while they are largely described as ‘fish-friendly’, adequate scientific literature evaluating fish passage is lacking at these facilities. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) with consultation from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Kleinschmidt Associates designed and implemented a study to evaluate American Shad downstream fish passage at Hanover Pond Dam. The objective of this study was to document whether American Shad would enter the darkened penstock, pass beneath the downward closing sluice gate, and utilize the ASG for safe downstream passage. A radio telemetry study was designed with three fixed monitoring stations; including one station upstream of the dam, another station within the intake structure, and a third station downstream of the dam. Twenty adult American Shad were collected from Holyoke Dam Fish lift, transported to Hanover Pond, and radio-tagged. Fish were released upstream of the dam and monitored from May 30 to July 15, 2019.Results: In total, 16 fish were detected upstream of the dam, and 8 of those fish passed downstream. Seven of the eight fish that passed through the project (87.5%) utilized the intake of the ASG before being detected at the downstream receiver. One fish passed downstream via the spillway and/or use of a notch in the dam. All fish that passed downstream were detected with subsequent 2-second tag bursts at the downstream monitoring station, suggesting a 100% survival rate through the ASG.Conclusions: These results support the suggestion that the Archimedes Screw Generator is a ‘fish friendly’ operation.
Performance of Graphene-zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Coated-glassy Carbon Electrode in the Sensitive Determination of Para-nitrophenol
Authors: Dar Riyaz Ahmad , Naikoo Gowhar Ahmad , Srivast Ashwini Kumar , Hassan Israr Ul , Karna Shashi P. , Giri Lily , Shaikh Ahamad M. H. , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Ahmed Waqar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Graphene: zinc oxide nanocomposite (GN:ZnO NC) platform was tried for the sensitive determination of para-nitrophenol (p-NP) through the electrochemical method. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the modified wet-chemical method where in potassium hydroxide and zinc nitrate were used as precursors and starch as a stabilizing agent. A green and facile approach was applied to synthesize GN:ZnO NC in which glucose was employed as a reductant to reduce graphene-oxide to graphene in the presence of ZnO NPs. The synthesized NC was characterized using scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques to examine the crystal phase, crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition and phase structure. GN:ZnO NC layer deposited over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was initially probed for its electrochemical performance using the standard 1 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] model complex. GN:ZnO NC modified GCE was monitored based on p-NP concentration. An enhanced current response was observed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 for the determination of p-NP in a linear working range of 0.09 x10− 6 to 21.80 x10− 6 M with a lower detection limit of 8.8 x 10− 9 M employing square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric technique at a deposition-potential and deposition-time of -1.0 V and 300 s, respectively. This electrochemical sensor displayed very high specificity for p-NP with no observed interference from some other possible interfering substances such as 2, 4-di-NP, ortho-NP, and meta-NP. The developed strategy was useful for sensitive detection of p-NP quantity in canals/rivers and ground H2O samples with good recoveries.
A way to reduce the time consumption effect of for-loops for training neural networks: optimized propagation
Authors: Valizadeh Amir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an alternative approach to the conventional backpropagation algorithm is presented that results in faster convergence of the loss of neural network models. The new algorithm (called optimized propagation) was used to model a neural network that was trained on some data and results were compared with the same data being modeled using the conventional backpropagation algorithm. These results indicate the superiority of optimized propagation to conventional backpropagation in the terms of reducing the loss of the model faster.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Pathways in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Based on Bioinformatics Technology
Authors: Li Shangbin , Li Shuangshuang , Zhao Qian , Huang Jiayu , Meng Jinfeng , Yan Weichen , Wang Jie , Ren Changjun , Hao Ling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the most common serious diseases in newborns, with a high mortality and disability rate. This study aims to use the bioinformatics analysis to identify potential hematologic/immune systems tissue-specific genes and related signaling pathways neonatal HIBD.Methods Microarray datasets in HIBD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and DEGs were identified by R software.Enrichment analyses were performed and protein–protein interaction networks were constructed to understand the functions and enriched pathways of DEGs and to identify central genes and key modules. Results In the cerebral cortex tissue with HIBD, 2598 DEGs were identified, including 2362 up-regulated and 236 down-regulated DEGs. In the blood with HIBD, 1442 DEGs were identified, including 540 up-regulated and 902 down-regulated DEGs. The results of biological processes and KEGG enrichment were very similar in DEGs of the two kinds of tissues, and both involved inflammation, immunity and apoptosis. The common DEGs of the two kinds of tissues also showed similar results in biological processes and KEGG enrichment.and four hematologic/immune system tissues specifically expressed potential biomarker genes were confirmed through a variety of methods, which were verified by GEO datasets and published experimental research. Conclusion The DEGs of HIBD including the potential peripheral biomarkers TYROBP, ITGAM, EGR1 and HMOX1, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIBD through inflammation and immune-mediated signaling pathways.
Emergency Department Referral Profile of Traumatic Brain Injury Records at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Maria , Yaqoob Uzair , Hassan Zair , Uddin Muhammad Muizz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world and the impact is much worse in Pakistan. The objective here is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with TBI in our country and to determine the immediate outcomes of patients with TBI after the presentation.Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Data were extracted from the medical records from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Patient age, sex, type of trauma, and immediate outcome of the referral to the Emergency Department were recorded. The severity of TBI was categorized based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12), and severe (GCS <8) classes. The Emergency Department referral profile was classified as admissions, disposed, detained and disposed, referred.Results: Out of 5047 patients, 3689 (73.1%) males and 1358 (26.9%) females. The most commonly affected age group was 0-10 years (25.6%) and 21-30 years (20.1%). Road Traffic accident was the predominant cause of injury (38.8%, n=1960) followed by fall (32.7%, n=1649). Most (93.6%, n=4710) of the TBIs were mild. After the full initial assessment and workup, and completing all first-aid management, the immediate outcome was divided into four, most frequent (67.2%, n=3393) of which was “disposed (discharged)”, and 9.3% (n=470) were admitted for further management.Conclusion: Our study represents a relatively commonplace picture of epidemiological data on the burden of TBI in Pakistan. As a large proportion of patients had a mild TBI, and there is a high risk of mild TBI being under-diagnosed, we warrant further investigation of mild TBI in population-based studies.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. from east Golestan province, north Iran; with an updated phylogeny of Malenchus Andrássy, 1968 (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae)
Authors: Mortazavi Parnaz , Heydari Fariba , Abolafia Joaquín , Castillo Pablo , Pedram Majid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During a survey in Golestan province, north Iran, two populations belonging to the family Tylenchidae were recovered in association with Quercus sp., and a rotten wood sample of an unidentified forest tree. The first recovered species was mainly characterized by having a disc-like differentiation in the frontal end under the light microscope (LM), proposing it as a tentative member of the genus Discotylenchus. Detailed morphological studies using scanning electron microscope (SEM), however, did not reveal a true disc, but showing the smooth cephalic region, and a narrow annulus behind the cephalic plate. Based upon the cephalic region structure, and by lacking a true disc, the species was identified as a member of the genus Filenchus. This population was further characterized by 555 to 618 μm long females, lateral fields with four incisures, 9 to 10 μm long stylet, spermatheca large, including spheroid sperm, post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 8 to 12 µm long and gradually tapering to an elongate conoid tail with pointed tip. It was compared with relevant species of Filenchus having four incisures in the lateral fields and similar general morphology. By having a disc-like differentiation in the frontal end under the LM, it was further compared with three similar known species of Discotylenchus. The morphological comparisons with species under two aforementioned genera showed the recovered population belongs to an unknown species, described herein as Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the new species using partial small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU and LSU D2-D3 rDNA) sequences were reconstructed and discussed. Malenchus gilanensis, the second recovered and studied species was originally established based upon traditional criteria. An updated LSU phylogeny of the genus Malenchus by including M. gilanensis was also presented and its results were discussed.
Berberine in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Nanotechnology Enabled Targeted Delivery
Authors: Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Wani Taha Umair , Shah Abdul Jalil , Banday Nazia , Pottoo Faheem Hyder 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Berberine (BBR), an alkaloidal compound found in many plants, is widely
used for hundreds of years in the traditional system of Chinese medicine.

Objective/Aim:
The present review is aimed to summarize the potential of Berberine in the
amelioration of various neurological disorders.

Methods:
The collection of data for the compilation of this review work was searched in PubMed
Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Of late, researchers are more focused on its beneficial
role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Result:
BBR has proven its protective role in numerous neurotoxicity models including,
oxygen-glucose deprivation, mercury-induced, neurodegenerative model by ibotenic acid, and
hypoxia caused by COCl2. BBR treatment averts the generation of reactive oxygen species in the
oxygen-glucose deprivation model. Further, it subdues cytochrome c along with the divulge of
apoptosis-inducing factors that indicate its beneficial action in the management of stroke. BBR
diminished hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal damage by enhancing the PI3k / Akt / Nrf-2
based pathway and showed a preventive impact on neurites of SH-SY5Y cells by averting the
formation of ROS and inhibiting apoptosis. The impact of BBR on neurological disorder using a
transgenic AD type mouse strain (TgCRND8) showed a reduction in the piling up of amyloid-β
plaque. In mice, administration of BBR in the dose range of 5-10m/kg has been reported to raise
the levels of serotonin (47%), dopamine (31%), and norepinephrine (29%) in CNS to allay
depression.

Conclusion:
The present review is aimed to summarize the potential of Berberine in the
amelioration of various neurological disorders.