bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Структура и оценка состояния древесных пород буковых лесов Дагестана
Authors: Aliev Kh. U. , Soltanmuradova Z. I. , Akhmedova K. I. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. To identify the structural features and assess the current condition of woody species in the beech forests of Dagestan, Russia.Material and Methods. Research was based on the analysis of data from 69 sampling areas located in various physical-geographical regions of Dagestan. A detailed accounting of individual specimens of all age groups of each species was undertaken in the sampling areas. The total area surveyed was 43,125 m2. In total, 11,446 individuals of different species were involved in the statistical analysis, of which 1,974 form a tree tier, in which each individual is evaluated according to a scale of condition categories.Results. A study of the structure of beech forests showed the participation rate of Fagus orientalis Lipsky to be from 7.5 to 8.5 points. The average age of the upper sub-level of beech in the foothills was 110 years and in the highlands 160 years. For most woody species the age spectrum was sinistral and incomplete. Beech with a full-membered age spectrum were observed in the beech forests of the southwestern sub-region and in the high mountain region. A general trend is observed of deterioration of the condition of individuals in the transition from the upper to the lower sub-level. The average condition of beech individuals within the tree tier is 1.4 points. The condition categories of other species are characterized as being generally closer to 'weakened'.Conclusion. The results obtained regarding the structure and condition of woody species in the beech forests of Dagestan confirm the highly edifying role of beech. The greatest negative impact is exerted by the anthropogenic factor, which is confirmed by the incompleteness of the beech age spectrum and the low participation rate of the old-growth generative group and of the post-generative period.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Portal Vein According to Multispiral Computed Tomography
Authors: Kolsanov A. V. , Myakotnykh M. N. , Mironov A. A. , Kanaev E. I. 
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the variability of the linear dimensions of the portal vein depending on gender and age. In modern foreign and Russian literature, there is no uniform information about the variant portal vein anatomy. Data on the extreme forms and on the range of anatomical differences in the portal vein vary considerably. All this requires the need for a more detailed study of the morphometric characteristics of the portal vein branch. Computed tomography, in contrast to dissection on a corpse, allows an in vivo study of various morphometric characteristics of the portal vein.The aim of the study is to identify patterns of variability in the linear dimensions of the portal vein in persons of different sex and age.Material and methods. The study material consisted of multispiral computed tomography images of the abdominal cavity with contrast enhancement taken in 100 patients. The study included results of 56 men and 44 women, divided into 4 age groups: 1) first mature age, 2) second mature age, 3) the elderly, 4) the senile. The length of the portal vein was measured between the angle formed at the junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins and the angle formed by the branches of the portal vein at the hepatic hilum. The diameter of the vessel was measured at the midpoint of the distance between the proximal and distal points.Results. The length of the portal vein in the general sample was 66.45±8.49 mm, and its diameter was 11.84±1.93 mm. In women, the length of the portal vein was 64.37±6.6 mm, and its diameter was 11.33±1.83 mm, respectively. In men, both the length and diameter of the black vein were significantly greater than in women and constituted 68.09±9.4 mm and 12.24±1.91 mm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation of the studied parameters with age was detected.
Structural and Functional Changes in Prolactin Endocrinocytes of the Anterior Pituitary Gland in the Process of Reparative Osteogenesis of Long Tubular Bones
Authors: Mikhanov V. A. , Polyakova V. S. , Meshcheryakov K. N. , Mkhitaryan E. E. , Kozhanova T. G. , Bakaeva N. R. , Sipailova O. Yu. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate the numerical composition and dynamics of structural and functional changes in prolactin cells of the anterior pituitary gland during reparative regeneration of long tubular bones.Material and methods. The study included 40 Wistar rats. A transverse fracture of the middle third of the tibial shaft was simulated in the animals of the experimental group. Cells of the fracture area and the distal part of the adenohypophysis were studied using methods of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and morphometry on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 44th and 61st days.Results. The study results demonstrated that in male rats of the control group, the percentage of prolactin cells in the adenohypophysis was 7.26±0.51%. During the fracture healing of the long tubular bone in rats, there were 2 stages of stress activation of the compensatory-adaptive potencies of the prolactin endocrinocyte adenohypophysis cluster with related changes in their structures: on the 1st–3rd days (the bone fracture effect on the body with the development of post-traumatic acute inflammation) and on the 14th–21st days (peak of chondroclast lytic activity with massive chondrolysis of cartilaginous callus).Conclusion. Thus, the importance of prolactin as a stress mediator and the need for its participation in the regulation of stress metabolic changes are evidenced. At the same time, it becomes clear that with a pronounced acute stress effect; in this study it is represented by an open fracture, even the onset of a stress response can be manifested by a maladjustment of the lactotropic activity of the adenohypophysis, which is accompanied by an early "depletion" of its structural and functional reserves and a breakdown of compensatory-adaptive potencies right on the 1st day.
Precisamos falar do “efeito balbúrdia”: um diálogo com Paulo Freire sobre o papel da extensão em tempos de ataques à educação pública
Authors: Passos Pâmella , Morgan Evelyn 
Published: January 2021

Elaborado num contexto de ataques à educação pública em nosso país, o presente artigo, através de um diálogo com o livro “Extensão ou Comunicação?” de Paulo Freire, pretende refletir acerca do papel das ações extensionistas no que tange uma postura hierárquica ou dialógica dos saberes. Tendo como ponto de partida para análise, a imagem de “balbúrdia” criada em torno das instituições públicas de educação no Brasil no ano de 2019, pretendemos discutir a importância do ato de comunicar para e com a sociedade acerca das produções e fazeres dentro dos muros das Universidades, Institutos e Escolas públicas brasileiras. Assim, retomando as ideias de Paulo Freire sobre a Extensão, problematizaremos também sua construção como inimigo da educação por aqueles que sustentam discursos conservadores, de uma suposta neutralidade do ensino e que na prática se relaciona aos interesses econômicos privatistas.
Significant Surge and Swab Offshore Brazil Induced by Rig Heave during Drillpipe Connections
Authors: Godhavn John-Morten , Olorunju Banzi , Gorski Dmitri , Kvernland Martin , Sant`Ana Mateus , Aamo Ole Morten , Sangesland Sigbjørn 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we describe measured and simulated downhole pressure variations (“surge and swab”) during drillpipe connections when drilling an ultradeepwater well offshore Brazil on Bacalhau (former Carcará) Field. Floating rig motion caused by waves and swell (“rig heave”) induces surge and swab when the drillstring is suspended in slips to make up or break a drillpipe connection and topside heave compensation is temporarily deactivated. This is a known issue in regions with harsh weather, such as the North Sea, where pressure oscillations of up to 20 bar have been reported during connections. Recorded downhole drilling data from Bacalhau Field reveals significant pressure oscillations downhole (in the same order of magnitude as in the North Sea) each time the drillstring was suspended in slips to make a connection in the subsalt 8½-in. section of the well. Mud losses were experienced around the same well depth, and they might have been caused by surge and swab.Measured surge and swab pressure variations have been reproduced in an advanced proprietary surge and swab simulator that considers rig heave, drillpipe elasticity, well friction, non-Newtonian drilling mud, well trajectory, and geometry. Moreover, findings in this paper suggest that surge and swab was in fact significantly higher than recorded by the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool. The true magnitude of surge and swab is not captured in the recorded MWD data due to low sampling frequency of the downhole pressure recording (one measurement every 6 seconds, a standard downhole pressure sampling rate used on many operations today).This work shows that surge and swab during drillpipe connections on floaters may challenge the available pressure window for some wells, even in regions with calm weather such as Brazil. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is a technique that improves control of the downhole pressure. It is, however, not possible to compensate fast downhole pressure transients, such as heave-induced surge and swab, using MPD choke topside. This is due to the long distance between the choke and the bit, which translates into a time delay in the same order of magnitude as typical wave and heave periods. A downhole choke combined with continuous circulation is one of the potential solutions.Surge and swab during drillpipe connections can result in a loss or an influx and should be considered in the well planning phase when mud weight, section lengths, etc. are selected.
Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Kidney Disease in Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Nigeria: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ishaku Salisu , Olanrewaju Timothy , Browne Joyce , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Gbenga Kayode , Franx Arie , Grobbee Diederick , Warren Charlotte 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWorldwide, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) complicate between 5–10% of pregnancies. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected by a high burden of HDPs and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite mounting evidence associating HDPs with the development of CKD, data from SSA are scarce.MethodsWomen with HDPs (n=410) and normotensive women (n=78) were recruited at delivery and prospectively followed-up for one year. Serum creatinine was measured and the estimated glomerular filtration rates(eGFR) using CKD-Epidemiology equation determined. CKD was defined as decreased eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2 lasting for ≥ three months. Prevalence of CKD at six months and one year after delivery was estimated. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate predictors of CKD at six months and one year postpartum. ResultsWithin 24 hours of delivery, nine weeks and six months postpartum, women with HDPs were more likely to have a decreased eGFR compared to normotensive women (12%, 5.7%, 4.3% versus 0%, 2% and 2.4%, respectively). The prevalence of CKD in HDPs at six months and one year postpartum was 6.1% and 7.6%, respectively, as opposed to zero prevalence in the normotensive women for the corresponding periods. Proportions of decreased eGFR varied with HDP sub-types and intervening postpartum time since delivery, with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia showing higher prevalence than chronic and gestational hypertension. Only maternal age independently predicted occurrence of decreased eGFR at six months postpartum (aOR= 1.18/year; 95%CI 1.04-1.34).ConclusionPrior HDP was associated with risk of future CKD, with prior HDPs being more likely to experience evidence of CKD over periods of postpartum follow-up. Routine screening of women following HDP-complicated pregnancies should be part of a postpartum monitoring program to identify women at higher risk. Future research should report on both the eGFR and total urinary albumin excretion to enable detection of women at risk of future deterioration of renal function.
Towards Implementing Exercise into the Prostate Cancer Care Pathway: Development of a Theory and Evidence-Based Intervention to Train Community-Based Exercise Professionals to Support Change in Patient Exercise Behaviour
Authors: Reale Sophie , Turner Rebecca , Sutton Eileen , Taylor Stephanie , Bourke Liam , Morrissey Dylan , Brown Janet , Rosario Derek , Steed Liz , NA on behalf of the STAMINA co-investigators 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend that men on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer should receive supervised exercise to manage the side-effects of treatment. However, these recommendations are rarely implemented in practice. Community-based exercise professionals (CBEPs) represent an important target group to deliver the recommendations nationally, yet their standard training does not address the core competencies required to work with clinical populations, highlighting a need for further professional training. This paper describes the development of a training package to support CBEPs to deliver NICE recommendations. Methods: Development of the intervention was guided by the Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions and the Behaviour Change Wheel. In step one, target behaviours, together with their barriers and facilitators were identified from a literature review and focus groups with CBEPs (n = 22) and men on androgen deprivation therapy (n = 26). Focus group outputs were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify theoretical constructs for change. In step two, behaviour change techniques and their mode of delivery were selected based on psychological theories and evidence to inform intervention content. In step three, the intervention was refined following delivery and subsequent feedback from intervention recipients and stakeholders.Results: Six modifiable CPEPs target behaviours were identified to support the delivery of the NICE recommendations. Nine domains of the TDF were identified as key determinants of change, including: improving knowledge and skills and changing beliefs about consequences. To target the domains, we included 20 BCTs across 8 training modules and took a blended learning approach to accommodate different learning styles and preferences. Following test delivery to 11 CBEPs and feedback from 28 stakeholders, the training package was refined. Conclusion: Established intervention development approaches provided a structured and transparent guide to intervention development. A training package for CBEPs was developed and should increase trust amongst patients and health care professionals when implementing exercise into prostate cancer care. Furthermore, if proven effective, the development and approach taken may provide a blueprint for replication in other clinical populations where exercise has proven efficacy but is insufficiently implemented.
Assessing the Functionality of an Emergency Obstetric Referral System Among Public Healthcare Facilities in A Low Resource Setting: An Application of Process Mapping Approach
Authors: Ofosu Bernice , Ofori Dan , Ntumy Michael , Asah-Opoku Kwaku , Boafor Theodore 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Weak referral systems remain a major concern influencing timely access to the appropriate level of care during obstetric emergencies, particularly for Low-and Middle-Income Countries, including Ghana. It is a serious factor threatening the achievement of the maternal health Sustainable Development Goal. The objective of this study is to establish process details of emergency obstetric referral systems across different levels of public healthcare facilities to deepen understanding of systemic barriers and preliminary solutions in an urban district, using Ablekuma in Accra, Ghana as a case study.Methods: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Nine (9) in-depth interviews (IDI) were carried out for a three-weeks period in June and July 2019 after informed consent with two (2) Obstetrics & Gynaecology consultants, two (2) Residents, one family physician, and four (4) Midwives managing emergency obstetric referral across different levels of facilities. Purposeful sampling technique was used to collect data that included a narration of the referral process, and challenges experienced with each step. Qualitative data was transcribed, coded by topics and thematically analysed. Transcribed narratives were used to draft a process map and analyze the defects within the emergency obstetric referral system.Results: Out of the 33 main activities in the referral process within the facilities, the study identified that 24 (73%) had a range of barriers in relation to communication, transport system, resources (space, equipment and physical structures), staffing (numbers and attitude), Healthcare providers (HCP) knowledge and compliance to referral policy and guideline, and financing for referral. These findings have implication on delay in accessing care. HCP suggested that strengthening communication and coordination, reviewing referral policy, training of all stakeholders and provision of essential resources would be beneficial. Conclusion: Our findings clearly establish that the emergency obstetric referral system between a typical teaching hospital in an urban district of Accra-Ghana and periphery referral facilities, is functioning far below optimum levels. This suggests that the formulation and implementation of policies should be focused around structural and process improvement interventions, strengthening collaborations, communication and transport along the referral pathway is likely to ensure that women receive timely and quality care.
Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC)
Authors: Zuaboni Gianfranco , Elmer Timon , Rabenschlag Franziska , Heumann Kolja , Jaeger Susanne , Kozel Bernd , Mahlke Candelaria , Schori Dominik , Theodoridou Anastasia , Jaeger Matthias , Rüsch Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals can be a source of stigma and discrimination for people with mental illness, and anti-stigma programs are needed for this target group. However, there is no validated German language scale to assess attitudes of healthcare professionals towards people with mental illness. This study had the aim to validate the German language version of the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), a self-report measure of stigmatizing attitudes.Methods: Staff (n = 392) on general psychiatric inpatient wards (excluding child, forensic and geriatric psychiatry) at five psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland (n = 3) and Germany (n = 2) participated in the study. The internal consistency of the OMS-HC was examined as well as its factor structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To assess the scale’s concurrent validity, we used the Social Distance Scale.Results: Internal consistency for the OMS-HC total score was good (α = 0.73), it was acceptable for the subscales Attitudes (α = 0.62) and Social Distance (α = 0.69), but poor for the Disclosure subscale (α = 0.55). The original three-factor structure fit our data well. The OMS-HC total score and the Social Distance subscale score were significantly correlated with the Social Distance Scale, supporting concurrent validity.Conclusion: The German version of the OMS-HC demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and can be recommended for future research and intervention evaluation.
Effect of Women's Autonomy on Neonatal Mortality and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Dessie Habtamu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Women’s decision-making autonomy is extremely important for the development of maternal, neonatal, and child healthcare utilization. However, there's no evidence on the association of women’s decision-making autonomy with neonatal mortality rate at a national level in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of women's autonomy on neonatal mortality rate and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 5,128 neonates born 5 years before the survey from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 were reviewed. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess the effect of women's autonomy and identify the determinate predictors of neonate death risk. Results: The rate of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia was 20.7 per 1000 live births). Women's hadn't autonomy in health care increase neonatal death by 2.72 times compared with those that had autonomy. Hadn’t postnatal care was caused to grown neonatal death by 5.48 times (AOR 5.48, 95%CI: 1.29, 23.26). Delivering at a health institution had 0.61 times lowered neonatal death risk compared with delivering at of health institution without a health facility(AOR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38,0.97). Breastfeeding immediately within 1hr after birth had 0.17 times reduce neonatal death risk compared with not initiation of breastfeeding(AOR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12,0.26). Women's gave birth single had 0.09 times reduced neonatal death risk than those that gave birth multiple (AOR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05,0.18). Unknowingly, male neonates had a 1.84 times higher risk of death than females (AOR 1.84, 95%CI: 1.20,2.81). Conclusion: Neonatal mortality rate was significantly related to women's hadn't deciding power on health care, hadn’t postnatal care, delivered out of health institution, breastfed not immediately, and gave birth multiple. It is important to encourage mothers autonomy, use postnatal care service, and deliver in health institutions.
Comparing Nephrolithiasis with Nephrocalcinosis in Children; A Study From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhasan Khalid , Shalaby Mohamed , Albanna Amr , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alhaik Zainab , Zaher Zaher , Alotaibi Najlaa , Kalakattawi Nada , Abdallah Mohammed , Kari Jameela 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is uncommon in children; however, its incidence is increasing. Patients and Methods: A multicenter retrospective study of the clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of childhood nephrolithiasis and compare it with nephrocalcinosis.Results: The study included 144 children; 93 with nephrolithiasis (formation of stones within renal pelvis or tubular lumen) and 51 with nephrocalcinosis. (deposition of calcium in the renal parenchyma) Mean age at presentation were 72 months and 54 months for nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. In 64.8% of the nephrolithiasis and 76% of nephrocalcinosis cases, a history of consanguinity was found. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract were present in 28% and 9.8% of those with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. The most common symptoms of nephrolithiasis were flank pain (29%), hematuria (15%), and dysuria (11%). Urinary tract infection was the primary presentation in the nephrocalcinosis group (18%) followed by failure to thrive (16%), polyuria (12%), and dehydration (12%).The majority of nephrolithiasis cases were caused by metabolic disorders. In contrast, the most common underlying disorders for nephrocalcinosis were familial hypomagnesemia hypercalciuria nephrocalcinosis (35%), distal renal tubular acidosis (23%), and Bartter syndrome (6%).Clinical outcomes were significantly better in children with nephrolithiasis than those with nephrocalcinosis who had radiological evidence of worsening/persistent calcinosis and progressed more frequently to chronic kidney disease (stage II-IV) and end stage kidney disease.Conclusion: The etiology of nephrolithiasis can be identified in many children. Nephrocalcinosis is associated with worse clinical outcomes related to kidney function and disease resolution as compared to nephrolithiasis.