bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does bariatric surgery improves kidney function? A cohort study
Authors: Bezerra Juliana Amaro Borborema , Brandt Carlos Teixeira , Borborema Daniel Mozart Bezerra , Maciel Fernanda Andréa Menezes Florêncio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Obesity is a global epidemic that may cause renal dysfunction. Weight loss in the postoperative follow-up of bariatric surgery may improve renal function in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to give insight on the subject using a sensible biomarker (cystatin C).
Methods

This cohort was performed in the Obesity Department from Campina Grande – Paraiba, Brazil. It was randomly enrolled 35 obese who underwent bariatric surgery (12 bypass and 23 sleeve) with follow-up of at least one year. The ages ranged from 24 and 57 years. Those with thyroid disease and with renal disease, with microalbuminuria ≥ 30mg/dL, were excluded. Serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C were measured, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD Epi (chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration) cystatin-creatinine equation. The investigation was approved by the Ethics Committee.
Results

Twenty five women (71.4%) and 10 men (28.5%) were randomly recruited for the research. The most frequent associated morbidities were: sexual dysfunction (n = 17–48.5%); blood hypertension (n = 15–42.8%); type II diabetes (n = 13–37.1%); anxiety (n = 14–40.0%); and depression (n = 12–34.2%). Twenty three (65.7%) patients underwent sleeve technique and 12 (34.2%) bypass surgery. It was observed a significant reduction of BMI in the post-operative follow-up – p < 0.0001. There was a significant improvement of glomerular filtration rates (p = 0.0091). The improvement of renal function was more significant among those who underwent sleeve surgery as compared to bypass (p = 0.0008).
Conclusion

It was observed improvement of the majority of morbidities after bariatric surgery, as well as renal function, in obese individuals. Despite these results, larger and longer term outcome cohorts are required for better answer of the main purpose of this health issue.
Application of Evoked Response Audiometry To Schizophrenia For Specifying 40-Hz Aberrant Gamma Oscillations In A Real-World Clinical Setting
Authors: Yanagi Masaya , Tsuchiya Aki , Hosomi Fumiharu , Ozaki Satoshi , Shirakawa Osamu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gamma oscillations probed using auditory steady-state response (ASSR) are promising clinical biomarkers that may address novel therapeutic interventions for schizophrenia. Optimizing clinical settings for these biomarker-driven interventions will require a quick and easy assessment system of gamma oscillations in psychiatry. ASSR has been used in clinical otolaryngology for evoked response audiometry (ERA) to judge hearing loss by focusing on the phase-locked response detectability in an automated analysis system. Herein, a standard ERA system was applied to evaluate the brain pathophysiology of patients with schizophrenia with 40-Hz ASSR. The 40-Hz ASSR in the ERA system showed excellent detectability of the phase-locked response in healthy subjects, which sharply captured the deficits of the phase-locked response caused by aberrant gamma oscillations in individuals with schizophrenia. These findings reveal the availability of the ERA system in specifying patients who have aberrant 40-Hz gamma oscillations. The ERA system may have a potential to serve as a real-world clinical setting for upcoming biomarker-driven therapeutics in psychiatry.
Optimal Composition of Chloride Cells for Osmoregulation in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment
Authors: Uchiyama Yuka , Iwasa Yoh , Yamaguchi Sachi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fish live in water with a different osmotic pressure from that in the body. Their gills have chloride cells that transport ions to maintain an appropriate level of osmotic pressure in the body. The direction of ion transport is different between seawater and freshwater. There are two types of chloride cells that specialize in unidirectional transport and generalist cells that can switch their function quickly in response to environmental salinity. In species that experience salinity changes throughout life (euryhaline species), individuals may replace some chloride cells with cells of different types upon a sudden change in environmental salinity. In this paper, we develop a dynamic optimization model for the chloride cell composition of an individual living in an environment with randomly fluctuating salinity. The optimal solution is to minimize the sum of the workload of chloride cells in coping with the difference in osmotic pressure, the maintenance cost, and the temporal cost due to environmental change. The optimal fraction of generalist chloride cells increases with the frequency of salinity changes and the time needed for new cells to be fully functional but decreases with excess maintenance cost.
Infection With The Pinworm Blatticola Blattae And Survival of Starving German Cockroaches, Blattella Germanica
Authors: Kobayashi Masuko , Taira Kensuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is often infected with the pinworm, Blatticola blattae. To investigate the effect of pinworm infection on cockroach survival, we artificially manipulated the pinworm infection status of two lines of German cockroaches kept in the laboratory and compared survival rates in starvation. Of the two lines of German cockroaches WATn and NIIDp bred in the laboratory, the WATn line was not infected with pinworm, and the NIIDp line was naturally infected with pinworm B. blattae. The WATp line was created by artificially infecting the pinworm B. blattae with this WATn line. The NIIDn line was created by treating the NIIDp line with anthelmintic drugs. The 50% survival days of uninfected WATn line of starving cockroaches was 8 days, and infected WATp line of starving cockroaches was 13 days. The 50% survival days of naturally infected NIIDp line of starving cockroaches was 6 days, and that of anthelmintic-treated NIIDn line of cockroaches was 4 days. The survival days were significantly longer in pinworm-infected cockroaches than uninfected or anthelmintic-treated cockroaches. These results suggest that pinworm infection enhances the survival of cockroaches under starving conditions.
FLT3-ITD transduces autonomous growth signals during its biosynthetic trafficking in acute myelogenous leukemia cells.
Authors: Yamawaki Kouhei , Shiina Isamu , Murata Takatsugu , Tateyama Satoru , Maekawa Yutarou , Niwa Mariko , Shimonaka Motoyuki , Okamoto Koji , Suzuki Toshihiro , Nishida Toshirou , Abe Ryo , Obata Yuuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in hematopoietic cells binds to its ligand at the plasma membrane (PM), then transduces growth signals. FLT3 gene alterations that lead the kinase to assume its permanently active form, such as internal tandem duplication (ITD) and D835Y substitution, are found in 30~40% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Thus, the drugs for molecular targeting of FLT3 mutants have been developed for the treatment of AML. Several groups have reported that compared with wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-wt), FLT3 mutants are retained in organelles, resulting in low levels of PM localization of the receptor. However, the precise subcellular localization of mutant FLT3 remains unclear, and the relationship between oncogenic signaling and the mislocalization is not completely understood. In this study, we show that in cell lines established from AML patients, endogenous FLT3-ITD but not FLT3-wt clearly accumulates in the perinuclear region. Our co-immunofluorescence assays demonstrate that Golgi markers are co-localized with the perinuclear region, indicating that FLT3-ITD mainly localizes to the Golgi region in AML cells. FLT3-ITD biosynthetically traffics to the Golgi apparatus and remains there in a manner dependent on its tyrosine kinase activity. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412) markedly decreases in FLT3-ITD retention and increases in the PM levels of the mutant. FLT3-ITD activates downstream in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus during its biosynthetic trafficking. Results of our trafficking inhibitor treatment assays show that FLT3-ITD in the ER activates STAT5, whereas that in the Golgi can cause the activation of AKT and ERK. We provide evidence that FLT3-ITD signals from the early secretory compartments before reaching the PM in AML cells.
Short-wavelength Reverberant Wave Systems for Enhanced Reservoir Computing
Authors: Ma Shukai , Antonsen Thomas , Anlage Steven , Ott Edward 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has found widespread application over a broad range of important tasks. To enhance ML performance, researchers have investigated computational architectures whose physical implementations promise compactness, high-speed execution, physical robustness, and low energy cost. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an approach that uses the high sensitivity of reverberant short wavelength waves for physical realization and enhancement of computational power of a type of ML known as reservoir computing (RC). The potential computation power of RC systems increases with their effective size. We here exploit the intrinsic property of short wavelength reverberant wave sensitivity to perturbations to expand the effective size of the RC system by means of spatial and spectral perturbations. Working in the microwave regime, this scheme is tested on different ML tasks. Our results indicate the general applicability of reverberant wave-based implementations of RC and of our effective reservoir size expansion techniques.
Exploratory Laparotomy and Intestinal Resection in Children: Intraoperative Goal Directed Therapy and Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Kumba Claudine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Reported independent predictors of intraoperative and postoperative complications were age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (ASA), emergency situations, surgery and transfusion. ASA was the independent predictor of mortality. We conducted a secondary analysis of the initial retrospective study in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection.Objectives: To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection in the initial study and to implement improvement protocols for intraoperative and postoperative optimization.Methods: Secondary analysis of the initial study. The Ethics Committee approved the study.Results: There were 54 patients with a median age of 15.5[0-172] months. Thirty-seven (68.5%) patients underwent intestinal resection, nine (16.7%) underwent exploratory laparotomy, and eight (16.8%) underwent laparotomy for volvulus.Fourteen (25.9%) patients had intraoperative and/or postoperative complications. Two (3.7%) patients had intraoperative hemorrhagic shock. Two (3.7%) patients had postoperative cardio-circulatory failure. Three (5.6%) had postoperative respiratory failure. One (1.8%) patient had postoperative multiple organ failure and neurologic failure. Three (5.6%) patients had postoperative abdominal sepsis. One (1.8%) patient had postoperative multiple organ sepsis and neuromeningeal sepsis. Four (7.4%) patients had postoperative pulmonary sepsis. Two (3.7%) had postoperative septicemia. Six (11.1%) patients had reoperations. Seventeen (31.5%) patients had intraoperative transfusion. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.7% in two patients.Conclusion: Intraoperative goal-directed therapies need to be developed and included in these surgical settings for intraoperative and postoperative optimization.
Adolescent Girl with a Huge Pelvic Collection
Authors: Duci Miriam , Boscarelli Alessandro , Murru Flora-Maria , Maita Sonia , Miglietta Marta , Guida Edoardo , Schleef Jurgen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report our experience with an adolescent girl presenting with persistent fever, abdominal pain, and elevated levels of inflammatory blood markers. A huge pelvic collection was found at imaging studies. Occult source of infection in patients with prolonged fever and elevated levels of inflammatory blood markers must always be suspected, and in complicated cases a surgical exploration may be required.
The main trends of cybercrime in the quarantine period and counteraction to it
Authors: Batyrgareieva Vladyslava Stanislavivna 
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the latest trends in cybercrime during the introduction and implementation of quarantine measures in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and the consequences of this type of crime. Such trends include: a significant increase in the number of cybercrimes in the world and in Ukraine; «exploitation» by criminals of people's concerns about the situation with the coronary crisis and its negative consequences, as a result of which the whole array of these crimes somehow correlates with the pandemic; expanding the objects of cyberattacks and shifting the emphasis on how to «more effectively» interfere in the work of information and communication devices; the emergence of the so-called pandemic offender; creating a serious threat from cybercriminals to the health sector, etc. The whole array of cybercrimes is divided into offenses, in the «scenario» of which the coronavirus theme is decisive, and «traditional» cybercrimes, the committing of which is not directly conditioned by this event, although the number of such crimes (increasing) correlates with special pandemic conditions. The article presents the reasons that led to the emergence of a new phenomenon in the criminal world – a pandemic criminal, whose illegal behavior is manifested primarily in the information space. The danger of cybercrime for the lens of critical infrastructure is emphasized, with special emphasis on medical facilities. The conceptual idea of ​​counteracting cybercrime is revealed, which consists in changing the strategy of counteracting cyber threats from «traditional» offensive to defensive, in which the priority should be given to the protection of information from possible threats. This is due to many factors, including the modern format of communication, the nature of production processes and business, blurring the boundaries between corporate and personal information and communication devices, the dependence of information security on the human factor, the need to find additional sources for information security. The content of the defense strategy of counteraction will determine the strategic directions of this counteraction. The main directions of the defense strategy are: 1) development and implementation of information security policy as individual subjects of the information space, and society, the state as a whole; 2) information education on topics that are most often exploited by criminals during epidemics, pandemics and other natural and social cataclysms, and specific information security measures; 3) development of the market of information security outsourcing services; 4) formation of skills of observance of information hygiene of ordinary citizens in cyberspace; 5) constant monitoring and research of problems of digitalization of society; etc.
Impact of climate change on railway operation and maintenance in Sweden: A State-of-the-art review
Authors: Thaduri Adithya , Garmabaki Amir , Kumar Uday 
Published: August 2021

Increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather conditions caused by climate change can have a negative impact on rail service performance and also increases total ownership costs. Research has shown that adverse weather conditions are responsible for 5 to 10 % of total failures and 60 % of delays on the railway infrastructure in Sweden. The impact of short-term and long-term effects of climate change and extreme weather events depends on the design characteristics of the railway assets, geographical location, operational profile, maturity of the climate adaptation, etc. These extreme events will have major consequences such as traffic disruption, accidents, and higher maintenance costs during the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase. Therefore, a detailed assessment of the effects of climate change on the O&M phase requires a more comprehensive review of the previous studies reported from different parts of the world. The paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the effects of extreme weather events and their impacts on the operation and maintenance of railway infrastructure. This paper also provides a list of vulnerable railway assets that can have an impact due to extreme weather events.
A numerical study of rotor eccentricity and dynamic load in induction machines for motor current analysis based diagnostics
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zou Zhexiang , Sun Xiuquan , Gu Fengshou , Ball Andrew D. 
Published: August 2021

The asymmetry in the manufacturing and assembling is the common issue of rotor systems. Different degrees of errors are inevitable in alternating current (AC) motors, which causes degraded performances. Furthermore, around 80 % of mechanical faults link to rotor eccentricity. The eccentricity faults (EFs) generate excessive mechanical stress and then lead to fatigue in the other parts of the motor. Motor current signal analysis (MCSA) can be used to diagnose induction machine (IM) faults. As the EF leads to an unequal air gap when the rotor rotates, the inductance of IM also responds to the EF. Moreover, the dynamic load is a typical situation due to residual dynamic unbalance and misalignment. To study how EFs and dynamic load affect the stator current. The current model of symmetrical motor, asymmetrical motors with three-level EFs and with dynamic load are investigated numerically. The correctness of models is verified through experimental study. The results show the level of EF affects the sideband peak values significantly in the stator current spectrum. These findings will provide a foundation for the accurate diagnosis of motor health conditions.
Variability effect of hydrological regime on river quality pattern and its uncertainties: case study of Zarjoob River in Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Saman , Khorram Mahdis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
River water quality assessment, affected by pollution load, and river regime changes in various climate conditions, is an implementation that simplifies water resources management, and justifies terms for increases or decreases in human activities. The current paper aims to offer a water quality model of a river considering parametric, hydrologic, and pollution load uncertainty by using uncertainty indexes like Plevel, ARIL, and NUE. These indexes were used to analyze the influences of the model's parameters and the river's regime alternations on the results. A Qual2K model, calibrated with PSO algorithm, is presented and connected to GLUE algorithm to assess the model's uncertainties like effective input parameters on the modeled variations, headwater flow, and input pollutions. Zarjoob River, in the north of Iran, was chosen as the case study. The results illustrate that the interaction among parameters, hydrologic and pollutant discharge data should be considered in river water quality simulation. The presented methodology can analyze the influences of parametric uncertainty, parametric and hydrologic uncertainty, and pollution input load uncertainty according to any quantity of observations and the modeled results of any river.
Release flux of heavy metals from river sediments at different flow rates
Authors: Lu Jiangang , Cai Haisheng , Zhang Xueling , Fu Yanmei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper simulates sediment motion under different hydrodynamic conditions, aiming to investigate the release flux of heavy metals in river sediments. During the lab experiments, carried out in a circular rectangular flume device, water velocity in the flume was altered by controlling the gate switch, and the flow rate was controlled from 0 to 1 m/s. Sediment from the Le'an River and chlorine-removed tap water were used as experimental sediment and water, respectively. Through analyses of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentration in water at different flow rates, the relationship between the release flux (y) of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb and the flow rate (x) was established with a fitting error of less than 15%. In order to judge the reliability of the conclusions, experimental results were verified outdoors. The results showed when the sediment particle size is between 0 and 250 μm, within 1 hour, a quadratic polynomial correlation between the release flux of Cu, Cd, and Pb from river sediments and water velocity when the water pH is 5–9 and the flow rate is 0–65 cm/s; when the water pH is 5–9, the flow rate is 0–35 cm/s, the release flux of Zn from river sediments was shown to have a quadratic polynomial relationship with water velocity. The error between the calculated and measured values of heavy metals released from sediment in the Le'an River were within 5–30%. Our results can provide a theoretical reference for the control and treatment of heavy metal pollution in rivers and further improve corresponding water quality models.
Bioactive Extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana Induces Apoptosis in A549 Human
Lung Epithelial Carcinoma Cells through the Generation of Reactive
Oxygen Species
Authors: Usmani Shazia , Prakash Om , Gupta Amresh , Jafri Asif , Ullah Mohammad Fahad , Wahab Shadma , Arshad Md , Kumar Sudheer 
Published: August 2021

Background:
In recent years, novel metabolites isolated from botanical sources have
been attracted much attention due to their traditional and therapeutic significance. The ethnopharmacological
studies suggest that Ziziphus mauritiana is a common remedy against several kinds of
ailments.

Objective:
The current study has evaluated the MeOH extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (ZME)
through physicochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic fingerprinting analysis, which displayed
an array of biometabolites of pharmacological significance, including flavonoids.

Methods:
The extract was further examined for anticancer activities, which revealed promising anticancer
properties against human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549) and induction of apoptosis
impart by ROS. The oxidative stress was evaluated in terms of production and accumulation of
cytosolic extent of ROS, whereas anticancer perspective was determined by MTT assay, cell morphology
analysis, followed by nuclear condensation for the examination of apoptosis induction.

Results:
Finding suggests that the MeOH extract of ZME markedly exhibited promising anticancer
activity against the A549 lung epithelial carcinoma cell. The ZME was found to be most active in
the MTT assay against A549 cells, while it was less toxic to normal cells. The intracellular ROS
generation was remarkably induced by ZME, which correlated with the ability of the flavonoidrich
fractions in the MeOH extract to inhibit cell growth and might induce apoptosis.

Conclusion:
The present study provides useful insight concerning the promising anticancer potential
of ZME against A549 lung carcinomas. However, the clinical correlation will be required for
its authorization and the discovery of significant and least noxious novel agents against lung carcinomas.