bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety Amplifies Plasma Oxytocin Levels in Older Individuals with type 2 Diabetes. Findings from the Cross-Sectional KORA-Age Study.
Authors: Johar Hamimatunnisa , Atasoy Seryan , Jiang Linmiao , Bidlingmaier Martin , Kruse Johannes , Ladwig Karl Heinz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeBeyond its role in parturition, lactation, and emotion regulation, oxytocin (OXT) plays an important role in metabolism and energy homeostasis, although evidence is still limited. We investigated the association between endogenous OXT levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether anxiety may modify its association.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1006 participants aged 65-93 years (mean=75.9, SD ± 6.6) from the population-based KORA-Age study. Multivariable generalized linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between non-extracted plasma OXT levels and T2DM with adjustments for potential confounders. ResultsAcross the OXT tertile groups, no substantial differences between sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic or psychosocial factors were found except for multimorbidity. The differences between the OXT tertile groups with respect to obesity status were on the borderline of statistical significance (P=0.05). However, a significant statistical interaction between T2DM and anxiety on OXT levels was found (p = 0.03). In T2DM individuals with anxiety, substantially higher plasma OXT levels (Least Squares (LS) mean = 340.82 pg/ml, 95% CI 231.12-502.59) were observed compared to those without anxiety (217.08 pg/ml, 95% CI 190.93 – 247.99) (p=0.02). No significant association between T2DM and OXT levels in individuals without anxiety was found. ConclusionOXT levels were significantly elevated in T2DM subjects, particularly among older individuals with anxiety. The modifying role of anxiety highlights that anxiogenic stimuli may be associated with enhanced OXT signalling, particularly in subjects who suffer from T2DM as a severe pathological feature of dysregulated metabolism.
Cutting Temperature Measurement in Turning of Thermoplastic Composites Using a Tool-Work Thermocouple
Authors: Masek Petr , Zeman Pavel , Kolar Petr 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Turning of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic pipes is used for production of fluid ducts for the aerospace and oil industries. Although thermoplastics are chemically stable, the matrix could be affected by the heat introduced by the machining process. This paper presents how to measure cutting temperature using C/PEEK and C/PA12 material as examples. A suitable method based on a thermocouple circuit and electric conductivity of the carbon fibres is presented, including system calibration. Measurement uncertainties were established for this new method of calibration and measurement for both tested materials. The cutting temperature measurements were analysed by ANOVA and significant factors and its dependence on temperature were identified for further machining process optimization and determination of the predictive model equation. This mathematical cutting temperature model was estimated based on the measurements, and empirical coefficients were identified for selected statistically significant parameters for both composite materials. Because the measured temperatures were above the melting point, the machined surface, chips and structural changes of polymeric matrices were measured in order to prove heat affection.
Prognosis and treatment of 46 Chinese pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Chen Qionghua , Shen Yuelin , Xu Hui , Tang Xiaolei , Yang Haiming , Zhao Shunying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Since public awareness of cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased, more children have been diagnosed with CF in China. This study aimed to investigate medical and other challenges faced by pediatric CF patients in China.Method: Treatments and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for 46 pediatric CF patients diagnosed from August 2009 to June 2019.Results: Of 46 pediatric CF study patients, four died (one of pulmonary infection, one of severe respiratory failure, two of unknown causes) and five were lost to follow-up. Thirty-seven patients were monitored for 0.03 to 9.21 years; patients exhibited fewer attacks of respiratory tract infections after diagnosis (4.49 ± 2.13 episodes/year before diagnosis VS 1.97 ± 1.87 times/year after 1-year treatment, p < 0.05), significantly reduced sputum production and experienced 1.62 ± 1.71 exacerbations/year. Patient mean body mass index was 16.87 ± 3.53 and pancreatic malfunction persisted in 15 patients. Of the 28 children older than 6 years of age, 17 received lung function tests during follow-up; no significant differences were observed between lung function at follow-up and at diagnosis (FEV1: 82.45% ± 16.56% vs 75.26% ± 22.34%, FVC: 87.18% ± 13.64% vs 86.99% ± 19.95%, FEF75%: 46.51% ± 28.78% vs 36.63% ± 24.30%, P = 0.27, 0.97, 0.20, respectively). In 27 cases with sputum results at follow-up, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 17 (62.97%), persisted in 14, newly emerged in 3 and was eliminated in 5 cases. Computed tomography lung scans of 22 cases revealed increased bronchiectasis in 6 cases after 2-60 months of treatment, decreased bronchiectasis in 3 cases after 2-96 months of treatment and unchanged bronchiectasis in 13 cases treated for 5-60 months. Twenty-four patients complied with aerosolized therapy, azithromycin, pancreatic enzymes and nutritional intake-based treatments, while 9 patients once stopped aerosolized therapy or azithromycin and 4 patients stopped all medications. Overall, azithromycin and tobramycin treatments were administered for 0.5-62 months and 0.5-48 months, respectively, and triggered no obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion: No obvious deterioration of clinical presentation or lung function were found in Chinese pediatric CF patients after receiving standard therapeutic and active treatments, although malnutrition and low compliance were persistent challenges.
Newly admitted nursing students’ viewpoints of training and the nursing profession
Authors: Rudberg Susanne Lundell , Westerbotn Margareta , Scheja Max , Lachmann Hanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Students’ reasons for choosing nursing and their expectations of education and future career might have an impact on how they manage their studies. During upcoming training, the students need to acquire certain skills and competencies to become professional nurses able to handle complex situations. Therefore, it is of interest to understand students’ perceptions of upcoming education and their ideas about future occupation. This study aimed to investigate newly admitted nursing students’ viewpoints about training to become a professional nurse.Methods: A descriptive cohort study was designed using interviews and questionnaires undertaken at one university in Stockholm, Sweden August 2015 to June 2017. All students starting the program were invited to participate. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by using individual interviews (n=126) and questionnaires (n=158). Content analysis of the transcribed interviews was used to identify a theme. Sample percentages, mean score and standard deviation were calculated for data from questionnaires using descriptive statistics.Results: Seven main categories were identified, 1. Nursing as role model, 2. Self-confidence in a new environment, 3. Develop nursing attitudes and skills, 4. Opportunities to impact the future, 5. Stimulating hands-on teamwork, 6. Don´t manage the task, 7. Surrounding factors prohibiting success. Additionally, students generally rated higher for positive emotions, and lower for negative on a 7 graded Likert scale. The finding indicated that the newly admitted nursing students in general had a strong intrinsic social orientation to learning.Conclusion: As findings suggests, students put faith in their own ability and want to make a difference by altruistic reasons when entering the training. It is essential for educators to gain a deeper understanding of the visions of newly admitted students to nurture and empower their enthusiasm during training.
The Longitudinal Associations Between Change in Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults With Chronic Illness(es)
Authors: Volders Esmee , Groot Renate H.M. , Bolman Catherine A.W. , Lechner Lilian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Regular physical activity (PA) is potentially beneficial for age-related cognitive decline. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is mostly advised, older adults with chronic illnesses (OACI) might benefit more from light physical activity (LPA), as they suffer from mobility problems, pain and fatigue, limiting high intensity PA. Therefore, the longitudinal association between change in respectively LPA and MVPA on the one hand and the change in cognitive functioning (CF) on the other hand is investigated in OACI.Methods In total 432 OACI (≥65 years) with at least one chronic illness participated in this longitudinal observational study. Longitudinal associations between accelerometer assessed change in PA (LPA and MVPA) and change in CF, measured with an objective validated neuropsychological test battery were tested with multivariate linear regressions.Results An increase in LPA between baseline and six months follow-up was significantly associated with improved short-term verbal memory and inhibition over the first six months. In addition, the change score in LPA over the first six months was predictive for the change score in short-term verbal memory over 12 months. Furthermore, an increase in MVPA between baseline and six months follow-up was significantly associated with a decrease in longer-term verbal memory scores over the same six month period. Conclusions Increase in LPA over the first six months is associated with better short-term verbal memory scores over the same period and this is extended to better short-term verbal memory scores over the whole year. Increase in LPA over the first six months is also associated with better inhibition scores over the same period, however this doesn’t seem to extend to the long run (i.e change in inhibition in 12 months). Remarkably, an increase in MVPA over the first six months was associated with a decrease in longer-term verbal memory scores over the same six month period. Thus, for OACI who experience issues with being sufficiently active this seems good news as LPA is more achievable for them to improve CF than MVPA. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NL6005; Date of Registration 21-03-2017; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6005
MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Formation of Foam Cells from THP-1-derived Macrophages
Authors: Geng Chunhui , Wang Chao , Su Guangming , Wang Shengjiao , Li Jiashan , Liu Dan , Guan Xiuru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs are widely considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Whereas the importance of miR-30a-5p as a tumor growth-promoting factor has been extensively studied, the relationship between this particular microRNA and atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. In this study, the role of miR-30a-5p in the formation of foam cells from THP-1-derived macrophages was investigated. It was found that miR-30a-5p could robustly regulate the pathological process of atherosclerosis by inhibiting autophagy and increasing the accumulation of lipids, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the apoptosis of macrophages. These results provide guidance for future assessments of the progression of atherosclerosis and for the development of intervention targets for the treatment of this disease.
A generalised approach on kerf geometry prediction during CO2 laser cut of PMMA thin plates using neural networks
Authors: Kechagias John Dimitrios , Ninikas Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study presents an application of feedforward and backpropagation neural network (FFBP-NN) for predicting the kerf characteristics, i.e. the kerf width in three different distances from the surface (upper, middle and down) and kerf angle during laser cutting of PMMA thin plates. Stand-off distance, cutting speed and beam power are the studied parameters for the case of low power CO2 laser cutting. A three-parameter three-level full factorial array has been used and twenty-seven (33) cuts were performed. Subsequently, the kerf width and angle were measured and analysed through ANOM, ANOVA and interaction plots. The statistical analysis highlighted that linear modeling is insufficient for the precise prediction of kerf characteristics. A FFBP-NN was developed, trained, validated and generalised for the accurate prediction of the kerf geometry. The FFBP-NN achieved an R-sq value of 0.98, in contrast to the ANOVA linear models which achieved a value of about 0.90.
Verrucae pedis in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and other paediatric rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Ferrari Jill 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Verrucae pedis (VPs) are a common viral infection of the skin seen in children. There are limited studies of the prevalence, duration and impact of VPs in children who are immunosuppressed. The studies available suggest that, in these children, the warts are more widespread and are more long-standing. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VPs in children attending rheumatology clinics who may have some degree of immunosuppression due to their prescribed medication and compare this to the reported prevalence in the healthy population.
Method
Children attending out-patient rheumatology appointments who had a paediatric rheumatology consultant named as the lead clinician, were recruited. The young people were aged between four and 17 years old. A visual inspection of both feet was used to identify potential VPs. Diagnosis of a VP was confirmed on observation of the typical clinical features of a VP. The location, duration of presence, previous treatments, presence of VPs in other family members and psychological impact was recorded.
Results
A total of 71 children were included. Of the group, 55 children had no VPs present, 16 children had one or more VPs. The prevalence of VPs was 22.5%. Medication impacting on the immune system was prescribed in 80% of the group. There appeared to be no greater chance of having VPs if taking immunosuppressive medication than compared to having no medication (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 0.26 to 4.48, p = 0.46). Children with VPs tended to be 9 years old or older with few children in the older age range (13–17 yrs) having VPs suggesting that most VPs do resolve by the teenage years. In total, 37.5% of the young people with VPs had lesions that had been present for 24 months or more. Two-thirds of the subjects were not concerned about VPs being present and most subjects with a VP did not know what it was, but despite this the majority of subjects (81%) had sought treatment for the VPs.
Conclusion
Children with JIA and other rheumatic conditions have no greater prevalence of VPs compared to the general population. The VPs present were of a similar clinical type and did not seem to be more widespread or unusual as has been reported in other immunocompromised populations. The percentage of lesions remaining beyond 24 months was found to be slightly greater than has been reported in other healthy populations. The children in this study seemed to be less concerned psychologically about their VPs, despite this most families had sought treatment for the verrucae.
Preoperative B-Scan Ultrasonography Versus Postoperative Fundoscopy Among Mature And Hypermature Cataract In Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kavinamoole Shruthi , Venugopal Kavitha Chikkanayakanahalli , Acharya Pavana Krishnaraj , Mundinamani Spoorti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose:1. To evaluate posterior segment of diabetic patient with dense cataract preoperatively using B-scan ultrasonography.2. To find the efficacy of B-scan ultrasonography in evaluating posterior segment by comparing B-scan findings with that of the post-operative fundoscopy.Design:A hospital based prospective observational study conducted in 202 diabetics with dense cataract, at HIMS during December2017 to May2019. Patients with ocular trauma, corneal pathology, uveitis, glaucoma, intraop complications like posterior capsular rent, iris prolapse, iridodialysis, capsular dialysis and complicated cataract like pathological myopia, retinitis pigmentosa were excluded from the study. Preoperative B-scan ultrasonography performed to evaluate posterior segment. They underwent manual SICS with PCIOL implantation under PBB. Postoperatively followed up at 1 week, vision and dilated fundoscopy to evaluate posterior segment. Fundoscopy was compared with preoperative B-scan report and the efficacy of B-scan was analyzed.Results:Among 202 eyes, B-scan in 129 (63.9%) normal, 24.8% had age related vitreous changes, only 11.3% of the patients had Proliferative diabetic Retinopathy. Among the patients with normal B-scan, postoperative fundoscopy was normal in 75.2% patients and DR changes and macular edema in 24.8% of the patients with normal B-scan.Conclusion:B-scan is effective in evaluating posterior segment and helps in providing visual prognosis. Though B-scan is helps in assessing the approximate visual prognosis, DR changes and macular edema in 24.8% of the patients with normal B-scan which could be the cause for low vision postoperatively. Thus, guarded visual prognosis has to be explained to all the diabetic patients with dense cataracts preoperatively.
Inhibition of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Metabolism Alleviates Neuropathology and Improves Cognitive Function in a Tau Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hashem Jack , Hu Mei , Zhang Jian , Gao Fei , Chen Chu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which affects more than 5 million individuals in the United States. Unfortunately, no effective therapies are currently available to prevent development of AD or to halt progression of the disease. It has been proposed that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the key enzyme degrading the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the brain, is a therapeutic target for AD based on the studies using the APP transgenic models of AD. While inhibition of 2-AG metabolism mitigates b-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology, it is still not clear whether inactivation of MAGL alleviates tauopathies as accumulation and deposition of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the neuropathological hallmark of AD. Here we show that JZL184, a potent MAGL inhibitor, significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, astrogliosis, phosphorylated tau, and GSK3b in P301S/PS19 mice, a tau mouse model of AD. Importantly, Tau transgenic mice treated with JZL184 displayed improvements in spatial learning and memory retention. In addition, inactivation of MAGL ameliorates deteriorations in expression of synaptic proteins in P301S/PS19 mice. Our results provide further evidence that MAGL is a promising therapeutic target for AD.
Kinetic Study of Liquid Lipase-catalyzed Glycerolysis From Olive Oil Using Lipozyme TL 100L
Authors: Oliveira José Vladimir , Finco George F. , Fiametti Karina G. , Silva Edson A. da , Palú Fernando , Wancura João H. C. , Valério Alexsandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are two natural components found in most edible oils and fats. Conventional synthesis of MAG and DAG is usually conducted by glycerolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) at high temperatures (above 200 °C) in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. In this work, the synthesis of MAG and DAG using enzymatic glycerolysis of olive oil was investigated using Tween 80 as surfactant, n-butanol as co-surfactant and the novel lipase in liquid formulation Lipozyme TL 100L as catalyst. Experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of enzyme load and reaction temperature on the feedstock conversion. Enzyme load and system temperature were significant variables in the statistical design and the best condition was found at 35 °C, 7.5 vol% of Lipozyme TL 100 and 2:1 molar ratio (glycerolysis:oil) with conversion of TAG at approximately 98 % after 2 h of process. A mathematical model based on the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism was used to describe the reaction kinetics. The model adequately described the behavior of the system and can be a useful tool for the design of reactors in larger scales.
A Statistical Framework to Identify Cell Types Whose Genetically Regulated Proportions are Associated with Complex Diseases
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Liu Wei , Deng Wenxuan , Chen Ming , Dong Zihan , Zhu Biqing , Yu Zhaolong , Tang Daiwei , Sauler Maor , Wain Louise , Cho Michael , Kaminski Naftali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Finding disease-relevant tissues and cell types can facilitate the identification and investigation of functional genes and variants. In particular, cell type proportions can serve as potential disease predictive biomarkers. Here, we introduce a novel statistical framework, cell-type Wide Association Study (cWAS), that integrates genetic data with transcriptomics data to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions (GRPs) are disease/trait-associated. On simulated and real GWAS data, cWAS showed substantial statistical power with newly identified significant GRP associations in disease-associated tissues. More specifically, GRPs of endothelial and myofibroblast in the lung tissue were associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, respectively. For breast cancer, the GRP of blood CD8+ T cells was negatively associated with breast cancer (BC) risk as well as survival. Overall, cWAS is a powerful tool to reveal cell types associated with complex diseases mediated by GRPs.