bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing and Analysis of Banana-Epoxy Composite fibre
Authors: Narendra Kumar U , Mannayee Giriraj , Thiyagu C , Reddy G Karthik , Sai P , Reddy Yogesh , Kanishka V , Venkatachalam G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The usage of natural fibre as reinforcement in polymer composites has increased in the recent years with rising concerns of environmental pollution and the heavy dependence on synthetic fibres from petroleum products of the middle east and the amount of material available in the tropical countries for such low prices. These materials can decrease our dependency on conventional materials like plastics, thereby decreasing the amount of pollution we cause on disposal and manufacturing of those. In general, the impact strength of the natural fibre composites is considered to be low and this experiment quantifies these results. This research describes the fabrication of a polymer composite, using banana fibre as the reinforcement and epoxy as the polymer matrix. A sequence of samples was prepared by varying various parameters like length, volume fraction and treatment of the fibre. The parameters were optimized using Taguchi’s DOE and the combination of parameters which yields us the best result and the contribution of each parameter. The impact strength has been studied using IZOD impact tester. The work has quantified that the impact strength of the composite depends mostly on the volume fraction and also only up to a certain range and then decreases as we increase the quantity of fibre. The same goes with both alkali treatment and length of the fibre which also contribute respectively. The optimum length, volume fraction and chemical are 1mm, 25 wt% and 2% NaOH treatment shows better result.
Influence of CNTs in protecting Air Plasma Sprayed Al2O3-3wt%TiO2 Coated Surface
Authors: Mohammed Thalib Basha G , Venkateshwarlu B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Al2O3-3wt%TiO2 powders reinforced by Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to prepare composite coatings by Air Plasma Spraying (APS) process. The coatings derived from APS process were varied in the percentage proportion of CNTs such as 2wt%, 4wt%, and 6wt% respectively. The coated surfaces were evaluated by means of scratch testing. The SEM micrographs of scratched samples showed the intensity of penetration during scratching gets reduced due to the presence of CNTs film over the surface. Also, the CNT reinforced coated samples showed a significant improvement in mechanical and microstructural properties such as microhardness, porosity as well as surface roughness.
A Study on Reliance of Artificial Intelligence Embodied Robots roles in Health Applications
Authors: Kumar Mohan P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A ramifications of PC usage to demonstrate and/or recreate insightful conduct is called man-made consciousness. As a rule where the improvement and examination that learn and/or to perform clever conduct with insignificant human intercession. In this paper the scientist centre around the information encapsulation in mechanical framework with man-made reasoning generalizes the estimation of realities substantially more powerfully than different elements, theoretically changing the associations among individuals or in any event, moving specialists. An example investigation of a huge clinic that has connected with various Computer based intelligence computerized systems in various bits of its restorative administrations organization office was taken for sorts of data epitome, each with an obvious fixation and sees how this AI robot structure supports ability to get information, process it and give a well-described respect the end-customer. Further an investigation was made on the connection between avoidance or treatment procedures and patient’s results dependent on the perplexing calculations sent in the AI automated framework. Challengingly, scientist endeavours to legitimize the focal issue could be caught by the inquiry “How does strolling identify with intuition?”
Fabrication of Bio-Scaffold by Additive manufacturing technique for Bone Synthesis using Generative Design
Authors: Renold Elsen S , Mahendran T , Atkare Piyush P , Bhosale Amit A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In tissue engineering, the main objective is the regeneration of damaged tissues and organs which is caused due to diseases, injuries, and inherited medical conditions. Today with the help of tissue engineering, damaged tissues and organs can be repaired with the use of artificially made structures for support, often called the scaffold. To construct a 3D structure, materials with special properties such as bioresorsablity and biocompatibility are used. This 3D structure is similar to the area of tissue implant to recover injury and regeneration of tissue. The porosity of the matrix should be maintained to promote the differentiation of cells at the control rate. Generative design is an iterative process that includes a Machine-learning program that creates a definite number of design outputs for the given loads and boundary conditions by the designer. The main objective of generative design is to increase the stiffness and to reduce the mass keeping the strength constant. In this Generative design has been used to get the optimum results using Polylactic Acid (PLA). The model of scaffold is based on the injury in femur bone thus the forces acting on the Juvenile hip joint in a one-legged stance are considered. In the last decade, intensive research had been carried out for the development of scaffold with the use of bio fabrication methods to reduce the time of manufacturing, increase precision, and decrease the cost of production.
Improving the cycle fatigue life of spring steel by a novel thermal cycling process
Authors: Hu Wangyang , Li Jingkun , Li Kaisong , Zhang Tingjun , Ren Xueping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel thermal cycling process was applied on the 65Mn spring to improve the cycle fatigue life. Results demonstrate that the cycle fatigue life after the thermal cycling process was improved from 3 times to 14 times, with an improvement of 470%. The fine, equiaxed grains were observed on the fracture surface. Moreover, the prolongation of cracks was prevented by the high density of interfaces, and the slipping and rotating between the grains consumed the applied energy during the cycling process, contributing to the improvement of cycle fatigue life.
Fabrication and characterization of titanium-alloy 3D printed solenoid inductors and their sensor applications
Authors: Tan Jun Ying , Ciappesoni Mark , Kim Sung Jin , Kim Jungkwun ‘JK’ 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent progress in 3D printing has brought many interests in developing functional devices in various applications by enabling the exploration of complex 3D structures. This paper presents the first fully metal printed standalone 3D solenoid microinductors using a high-power laser with a biocompatible Ti-alloy. Fine powder-based 6AL-4V Eli Titanium was directly printed using an automated gantry laser system with 60 μm resolution to form the inductors without any substrate. A substrate-less 10-turn solenoid as a testbed was printed out and characterized, and additional designs of 20 and 40 turn inductors were further explored. The wire of the inductor was designed to have a 700-micron square cross-section and a winding gap of 300 microns. The successfully fabricated 10-turn titanium-alloy solenoid inductor showed an average inductance of 130 nH, a low-frequency resistance of 0.8 ohms at 0.3 MHz, and a quality factor of 10.5 at 30 MHz respectively. Additional electrodeposition of copper to the 10-turn inductor demonstrated process compatibility with the conventional micromachining process. The standalone inductor printing method saves a significant volume from where the conventional substrate dimensions often take more than the volume of the device. Also, the standalone inductor can directly be used as a sensor device. Examples of force-displacement sensing applications were presented using the 10-turn and 19-turn round edge solenoid inductors.
A bio-inspired soft planar actuator capable of broadening its working area
Authors: Zeyb Sayyadan Seyed Mohammad , Moniri Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soft actuators are an integral part of many soft robots that make them compliant and adaptable. In many previous studies, soft pneumatic actuators were designed and utilized generally to create bending motions. Due to the limited capabilities becomes ineffective where axial elongation is required. Here, we introduce a planar bioinspired soft pneumatic actuator capable of increasing its working area through both longitudinal elongation and bending motions, separately and or simultaneously. The actuator consists of two similar linear soft pneumatic actuators with agap between them. To study the performance of the planar actuator, four normalized sizes of gaps were considered between the linear actuators, analyzed through FEM, and validated by conducting experimental tests. On average, experimental results on the planar actuator demonstrate that the working area is 2.40 times bigger than the working area that just resulted from the bending motion. The results also indicate that the actuator can attain stability under 0.8 s, create a blocked force up to 18 N, and a bending angle up to 240° at the pressure 3.0Bars. Broadening the working area can be an outstanding feature that enables soft robots to be versatile and advantageous in many more applications in real and unstructured environments.
Coxiella burnetii and Related Tick Endosymbionts Evolved from Pathogenic Ancestors
Authors: Brenner Amanda E , Muñoz-Leal Sebastián , Sachan Madhur , Labruna Marcelo B , Raghavan Rahul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Both symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae cause morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. For instance, Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) improve the reproductive success of ticks—a major disease vector, while Coxiella burnetii causes human Q fever, and uncharacterized coxiellae infect both animals and humans. To better understand the evolution of pathogenesis and symbiosis in this group of intracellular bacteria, we sequenced the genome of a CLE present in the soft tick Ornithodoros amblus (CLEOA) and compared it to the genomes of other bacteria in the order Legionellales. Our analyses confirmed that CLEOA is more closely related to C. burnetii, the human pathogen, than to CLEs in hard ticks, and showed that most clades of CLEs contain both endosymbionts and pathogens, indicating that several CLE lineages have evolved independently from pathogenic Coxiella. We also determined that the last common ancestorof CLEOA and C. burnetii was equipped to infect macrophages and that even though horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributed significantly to the evolution of C. burnetii, most acquisition events occurred primarily in ancestors predating the CLEOA–C. burnetii divergence. These discoveries clarify the evolution of C. burnetii, which previously was assumed to have emerged when an avirulent tick endosymbiont recently gained virulence factors via HGT. Finally, we identified several metabolic pathways, including heme biosynthesis, that are likely critical to the intracellular growth of the human pathogen but not the tick symbiont, and show that the use of heme analog is a promising approach to controlling C. burnetii infections.
Exploring Race Differences in Satisfaction With Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bove Allyn M , Dong Erin , Hausmann Leslie R M , Piva Sara R , Brach Jennifer S , Lewis Allen , Fitzgerald G Kelley 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this qualitative focus group study was to explore race differences in the rehabilitation experience and satisfaction with rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Method
We conducted a series of qualitative focus group discussions with groups of non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black older adults who recently underwent TKA. We used grounded theory approach, which asks the researcher to develop theory from the data that are collected. Participants discussed barriers and facilitators to accessing rehabilitation after surgery, opinions regarding their physical therapists, the amount of postoperative physical therapy received, and overall satisfaction with the postoperative rehabilitation process.

Results
Thirty-six individuals participated in focus groups. Three major themes emerged: (i) Participants reported overall positive views of their post-TKA rehabilitation experience. They particularly enjoyed one-on-one care, the ability to participate in “prehabilitation,” and often mentioned specific interventions they felt were most helpful in their recovery. (ii) Despite this, substantial barriers to accessing physical therapy exist. These include suboptimal pain management, copayments and other out-of-pocket costs, and transportation to visits. (iii) There were minor differences in the rehabilitation experiences between Black and White participants. Black participants reported longer paths toward surgery and occasional difficulty interacting with rehabilitation providers.

Conclusions
Individuals undergoing TKA can largely expect positive rehabilitation experiences postoperatively. However, some barriers to postoperative physical therapy exist and may differ between Black and White patients. Physical therapists should increase their awareness of these barriers and work to minimize them whenever possible.
Blood-Based Biomarkers and Long-term Risk of Frailty—Experience From the Swedish AMORIS Cohort
Authors: Wennberg Alexandra M , Ding Mozhu , Ebeling Marcus , Hammar Niklas , Modig Karin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Frailty is associated with reduced quality of life, poor health outcomes, and death. Past studies have investigated how specific biomarkers are associated with frailty but understanding biomarkers in concert with each other and the associated risk of frailty is critical for clinical application.

Methods
Using a sample aged ≥59 years at baseline from the Swedish AMORIS (Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk) cohort (n = 19 341), with biomarkers measured at baseline (1985–1996), we conducted latent class analysis with 18 biomarkers and used Cox models to determine the association between class and frailty and all-cause mortality.

Results
Four classes were identified. Compared to the largest class, the Reference class (81.7%), all other classes were associated with increased risk of both frailty and mortality. The Anemia class (5.8%), characterized by comparatively lower iron markers and higher inflammatory markers, had hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38, 1.73 for frailty and HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.65, 1.87 for mortality. The Diabetes class (6.5%) was characterized by higher glucose and fructosamine, and had HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.43, 1.77 for frailty and HR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.64, 1.85 for mortality. Finally, the Liver class (6.0%), characterized by higher liver enzyme levels, had HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.01, 1.30 for frailty and HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.31, 1.50 for mortality. Sex-stratified analyses did not show any substantial differences between men and women.

Conclusions
Distinct sets of commonly available biomarkers were associated with development of frailty and monitoring these biomarkers in patients may allow for earlier detection and possible prevention of frailty, with the potential for improved quality of life.
Increasing efficiencies from integrating control and elimination programmes for soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis
Authors: Rollinson David , Sankar Girija , Stephens Mariana , Gouvras Anouk , Waltz Johannes , Tchuem Tchuenté Louis Albert , Imtiaz Rubina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attention is now beginning to focus on implementation of the new WHO NTD Roadmap (2021–2030), which presents single disease alliances and coalitions with an opportunity to consider novel ways to integrate and adapt control and elimination programmes to meet the new goals. This discussion piece links the parasitic worm diseases, caused by soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomes, highlighting that neglected tropical disease-control programmes could potentially benefit from greater cohesion and innovation, especially when increasing efforts to achieve elimination goals.
Identifying UK travellers at increased risk of developing pneumococcal infection: a novel algorithm
Authors: Ellsbury Gillian , Campling James , Madhava Harish , Slack Mary 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2016, the travel subcommittee of the UK Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) recommended that 13-valent PCV (PCV13) could be offered to travellers aged over 65 years, visiting countries without infant PCV immunization programmes. This study aimed to identify, collate and review the available evidence to identify specific countries where UK travellers might be at an increased risk of developing pneumococcal infection. The data were then used to develop an algorithm, which could be used to facilitate implementation of the JCVI recommendation.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of the published data available for pneumococcal disease, PCV vaccine implementation, coverage data and programme duration by country. The primary data sources used were World Health Organization databases and the International Vaccine Access Centre Vaccine Information and Epidemiology Window-hub database. Based on the algorithm, the countries were classified into ‘high overall risk’, ‘intermediate overall risk’ and ‘low overall risk’ from an adult traveller perspective. This could determine whether PCV13 should be recommended for UK adult travellers.

Results
A data search for a total of 228 countries was performed, with risk scores calculated for 188 countries. Overall, 45 countries were classified as ‘high overall risk’, 86 countries as ‘intermediate overall risk’, 57 countries as ‘low overall risk’ and 40 countries as ‘unknown’.

Conclusion
To our knowledge this is the first attempt to categorize the risk to UK adult travellers of contracting pneumococcal infection in each country, globally. These findings could be used by national travel advisory bodies and providers of travel vaccines to identify travellers at increased risk of pneumococcal infection, who could be offered PCV immunization.
A public code for astrometric microlensing with contour integration
Authors: Bozza Valerio , Khalouei Elahe , Bachelet Etienne 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first public code for the calculation of the astrometric centroid shift occurring during microlensing events. The computation is based on the contour integration scheme and covers single and binary lensing of finite sources with arbitrary limb darkening profiles. This allows for general detailed investigations of the impact of finite source size in astrometric binary microlensing. The new code is embedded in version 3.0 of vbbinarylensing, which offers a powerful computational tool for extensive studies of microlensing data from current surveys and future space missions.
Quantifying the Impact of Nasopharyngeal Specimen Quality on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Test Performance
Authors: Richard-Greenblatt Melissa , Ziegler Matthew J , Bromberg Valerie , Huang Elizabeth , Abdallah Hatem , Tolomeo Pam , Lautenbach Ebbing , Glaser Laurel , Kelly Brendan J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) has been used to estimate quantitative viral load, with the goal of targeting isolation precautions for individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and guiding public health interventions. However, variability in specimen quality can alter the Ct values obtained from SARS-CoV-2 clinical assays. We sought to define how variable nasopharyngeal (NP) swab quality impacts clinical SARS-CoV-2 test sensitivity.

Methods
We performed amplification of a human gene target (β-actin) in parallel with a clinical RT-PCR targeting the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab gene for 1282 NP specimens collected from patients with clinical concern for COVID-19. We evaluated the relationship between NP specimen quality, characterized by late Ct values for the human gene target β-actin Ct, and the probability of SARS-CoV-2 detection via logistic regression, as well as the linear relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and β-actin Ct.

Results
Low-quality NP swabs are less likely to detect SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio, 0.607 [95% credible interval {CrI}, .487–.753]). We observed a positive linear relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and β-actin Ct values (slope, 0.181 [95% CrI, .097–.264]), consistent with a reduction in detection of 0.181 cycles for each additional cycle of the β-actin target. COVID-19 disease severity was not associated with β-actin Ct values.

Conclusions
Variability in NP specimen quality significantly impacts the performance of clinical SARS-CoV-2 assays, and caution should be taken when interpreting quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Ct results. If unrecognized, low-quality NP specimens, which are characterized by a low level of amplifiable human DNA target, may limit the successful application of SARS-CoV-2 Ct values to direct infection control and public health interventions.
REDUCING PELVIS RADIOGRAPH EXPOSURE IN CHILDREN USING A DOSE SIMULATION X-RAY RESEARCH SOFTWARE
Authors: Boënnec Ronan , Dujardin Paul-Armand , Meunier Benjamin , Rafin Jean-Michel , Sirinelli Dominique , Brunereau Laurent , Morel Baptiste 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pelvis radiography is a frequent X-ray examination. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered without reducing the quality. We included 60 children having a pelvis X-ray in four groups that were equally represented by weight ranges. A software simulated, for each radiograph, six additional simulated photonic noise images corresponding to 100, 80, 64, 50, 40 and 32% of the initial dose. The 360 radiographs were blindly scored by two radiologists using a semi-quantitative Likert scale. There was no significant difference in scoring between the reference radiograph and simulated radiographs at 80% of the dose in children between 0 and 15 kg and over 35 kg. Inter-observer reproducibility was moderate to very good. Pelvis X-ray doses might be reduced by 20% in children in our institution. Software that produces simulated X-ray with decreasing dose might be a useful tool for an optimization process.
Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum Responding to Risankizumab
Authors: Weigelt Maximillian A. , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Evidence to support available therapies for pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is limited. Many patients do not respond to topical therapies such as tacrolimus or topical steroids. Currently favored oral systemic treatments (eg, cyclosporine and steroids) achieve complete remission in only 50% of patients and have unfavorable adverse effect profiles. There is a growing body of evidence to support biologic agents for the treatment of PG, but their exact role remains unclear. Here the authors present a patient with peristomal PG, the first reported case of PG responding to treatment with risankizumab, an anti-interleukin 23 monoclonal antibody. Risankizumab may represent an effective and relatively safe treatment for PG that merits additional exploration in prospective, controlled studies.