bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE THYROID FUNCTION IN SERO POSITIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Vedwal Ashok Kumar , Mangal Pankaj , Meena P D , Nawal C L 
Published: November 2021

Background: The thyroid dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis is well-known but unfortunately there are only few studies available in our country to assess the thyroid function in RA patients.
Methods: It was a Hospital based observational, descriptive study . Upgraded department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College and AttachedHospitals, (Jaipur).
Results: Maximum patients 208(80.00%) are euthyroid followed by 28(10.77%) are overt - hypothyroidism, 22(8.46%) subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 patients (0.77%) are subclinical hyperthyroidism patients
Conclusion: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in rheumatoid arthritis is high and associated with thyroid autoimmunity and suggested that allrheumatoid arthritis patients should go for thyroid functions. Hence, it is advisable to screen the patients of rheumatoid arthritis for thyroid dysfunction so that early identification and treatment can provide a healthier life ahead.
Keywords: NAFLD, TSH, T3, T4.
Isla de calor urbana superficial en el área metropolitana de Cuzco
Authors: Angeles Suazo Julio , Flores Rojas José Luis , Vásquez Roberto Angeles , Karam Hugo Abi 
Published: November 2021

La presente contribución estima la Intensidad de Isla de Calor Urbano superficial (SUHI) durante el periodo 2001 – 2016 para el Area Metropolitana de Cuzco (AMC), localizado en Perú en el departamento de Cuzco. Para cuantificar la SUHI, se usó 2 métodos: el primero es el método de Streutker y el segundo método propuesto por Jose Flores (método de cuantil). Donde se utilizó data de sensoramiento remoto de LST mensual y producto anual de tipo de cobertura de suelo (Land Cover Type) a 0.050 de resolución, obtenido del sensor MODIS a bordo del satélite TERRA y AQUA. En el AMC, en los periodos diurnos, el SUHI máximo muestra los valores máximos en marzo (4.6 C) y valores mínimos en julio (0.5 C) y la SUHI nocturnas presenta valores máximos en octubre (2.6 C) y valores mínimos en marzo (1.7 C) utilizando el método de cuantiles, ya que el área metropolitana de Cuzco no se ajusta a una superficie gaussiana.
Interações medicamentosas em fitoterápicos
Authors: Silva Michele Cristina da , Colino Priscilla da Silva , Pontes Neto João Gomes 
Published: November 2021

Desde as primeiras civilizações, o homem, de forma empírica, buscava o alívio e a cura para as enfermidades que os acometiam. Descobriram nas plantas atividades medicinais e terapêuticas, passando a utilizar esse recurso para tratar as mais diversas doenças de acordo com o conhecimento adquirido no decorrer dos tempos. O medicamento fitoterápico é aquele obtido com uso exclusivo de matérias-primas vegetais, ou seja, ativos extraídos de plantas, ou parte específica que contém a atividade terapêutica. O objetivo do presente estudo é expor e confrontar informações sobre interações medicamentosas dentro da fitoterapia, tendo em vista que ainda há, na população, uma certa crença de que medicamentos derivados de plantas não apresentam eventos adversos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura, onde os dados obtidos reforçam a importância desse tipo de informação para a sociedade, que cada vez mais busca nos medicamentos naturais alternativas para melhoria da saúde e longevidade. A pesquisa envolveu artigos entre 2008 e 2021, onde foi observado que há relatos significativos de interações medicamentosas associadas ao uso de fitoterápicos. Os dados levantados são de extrema importância para quebrar tabus relacionados à segurança dos medicamentos de origem natural, contribuindo para seu uso racional.
ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ТРАКТУВАННЯ ВІЙНИ НА ОСНОВІ ТЕОРІЇ КАРЛА ФОН КЛАУЗЕВІЦА
Authors: Виздрик Віталій Степанович , Мельник Олександра Михайлівна 
Published: November 2021

У статті досліджуються військово-теоретичні аспекти трактування війни у праці відомого німецького військового теоретика, історика Карла фон Клаузевіца «Про природу війни». В сучасних трансформаційних процесах його доктрина зали­шається актуальною, потребує наукового переосмислення. Військово-інформа­ційне протиборство в умовах ворожої агресії вимагає нових підходів у дослідженні військових конфліктів та війн в умовах глобалізаційних процесів, однак витоки та суть природи війни залишаються незмінними.
Ключові слова: військово-теоретичні аспекти, війна, стратегія, оборона, військові дії, політика.
ТВОРЕННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ АСИМЕТРИЧНОГО («ГІБРИДНОГО») ПРОТИБОРСТВА ОСНОВНИМИ УЧАСНИКАМИ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ (1939–1945 РР.)
Authors: Слюсаренко Андрій Віталійович , Вєдєнєєв Дмитро Валерійович 
Published: November 2021

У статті на основі аналізу документальних джерел та спеціальної літератури здійснено виявлення, систематизація та аналіз провідних організаційно-функціональних компонентів систем асиметричного протиборства, створених державами – основними учасниками Другої світової війни (СРСР, Німеччиною, Великою Британією, США) як історичних передумов виникнення воєнно-політичного явища «гібридної війни». Асиметричні дії перетворюються у достатньо самостійну та результативну (аж до стратегічного рівня) форму боротьби. На якісно новий рівень піднялося мистецтво не тільки розвідувальної роботи, але й спеціальних операцій із зміни політичної ситуації, зафронтової розвідувально-диверсійної діяльності. Спеціальні операції почали узгоджуватися зі страте­гічними планами ведення бойових кампаній. Спецслужби набули істотного досвіду творення партизансько-підпільного руху як важливого чинника дестабілізації тилів та виснаження против­ника, створення та управління діяльністю іррегулярних збройних формувань. Набуло розвитку використання із підривною метою етноконфесійного фактора, національно-визвольних та анти­колоніальних рухів. Було створено війська спеціального призна­чення з більшістю сучасних організаційно-тактичних рис та бойових можливостей.
ОПЕРАЦІЇ РСЧА ТА ВЕРМАХТУ НА ЯССЬКО-КИШИНІВСЬКОМУ НАПРЯМКУ (5.04 – 6.06.1944 р.): ЗАБУТІ СТОРІНКИ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Євсєєв Ігор Григорович , Грицюк Валерій Миколайович , Кидонь Володимир Іванович , Кривизюк Леонід Петрович 
Published: November 2021

У статті автори на основі наукових публікацій та архівних матеріалів органів з вивчення та використання досвіду війни досліджують маловідомі операції, які здійснювались протиборчими сторонами на яссько-кишинівському напрямку у квітні-червні 1944 року.
Перша Яссько-Кишинівська операція відноситься до числа військових операцій, що велися на Східному фронті та повністю ігнорувалися радянськими істориками та експертами. Про це писав відомий військовий історик Девід Гланц. Протягом 76 років після завершення Другої світової війни, радянські та російські історики і теоретики старанно витирали з історичних свідоцтв будь-які спогади та згадування про роль 2-го та 3-го Українських фронтів у першій битві за Ясси і Кишинів, коли радянські війська двох фронтів намагалися просунутися на територію Румунії у квітні-травні 1944 року. Як і в багатьох інших військових операціях Червоної Армії, які розглядаються авторами статті, провалених під час проведення операції, вони зробили це навмисно, викресливши цей наступ та відправивши його до довгого листа «забутих битв» німецько-радянської війни.
Grounds and methods of systematization of legislation of Ukraine in the field of intellectual property
Authors: Koval Iryna 
Published: November 2021

Keywords: intellectual property law; systematization of legislation, codification,copyright, industrial property law
The article is sanctified to researchof the modern state of the legislative regulation of intellectual property relations inUkraine and the ways of its improvement in the direction of systematizing the relevantlegislation. Scientific approaches to determining the place of intellectual propertylaw in the legal system of Ukraine are considered. It is shown that now in Ukrainethere is a unique model of legislative regulation of these relations, which includes 3levels: the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, special laws regulatingthe protection of rights to inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks,and other objects. Such division of legislative acts is based on different volumeand subject of regulation of legislative acts. As a result of undertaken a study andtaking into account foreign experience two alternative ways of codification of legislationare certain in the field of intellectual property: within the limits of operating theCivil code of Ukraine and Economic code of Ukraine taking into account the differentiationof the subjects of its regulation, or in the direction of individual codifications ofcopyright and industrial property law as institutions intellectual property law. It issubstantiated that the second way has significant advantages over the unified (general)settlement of relations in the field of spiritual and scientific and technical creativitysince it takes into account the essential specifics of these two components of intellectualproperty law, which is due to the difference in the subjects of their regulation.Guidelines for choosing the appropriate direction of codification are proposed.
Theoretical approaches to determining the principles of codification of legislation in the field of intellectual property
Authors: Myronenko Nataliia 
Published: November 2021

Keywords: law, intellectual property, codification and systematization of legislation,principles of codification, concepts, types and system of principles of codification
The article revealstheoretical approaches to defining the system of principles of codification, theirplace in the legal system, which characterize the content of law in a concentratedform, its structure, the relationship between sources of law, law and justice, law andgovernment coercion and belief in legal regulation. It is proved that the system-formingcriterion of the principles of law and the principles of legislation are their functionaland purpose. The practical significance of the principles in the process of systematizationof legislation in the field of intellectual property, including its type suchas codification, is revealed. The correlation of principles of law and principles of legislationare investigated. It is established that there is a dialectical connection betweenlaw and law, which is manifested in the fact that: legislation is an external form of expressionof law, a way of expressing its content; most of the law is substantively includedin the legislation; the spheres of law and law do not coincide but intersect; inthat part, in which law and law coincide, the principles of law are the essence of theprinciples of law and vice versa — the principles of law are the principles of law. At the same time, since the legislation is an external form of expression of law and doesnot completely coincide with the law and does not contradict it, its creation and developmentare subject to certain specific rules and technologies. The main methodologicalprinciples that influence the separation of the system of principles, their place inthe theory of codification are determined; substantiates the need to include in the systemof general and special principles of codification and sectoral principles, which arethe theoretical basis and ensure those features are taken into account in the processof codification of individual branches of legislation. It is proved that there is a dialecticalrelationship between the purpose of codification, its tasks and the principles onwhich codification activity is based, the dependence of its result on the degree of consistencyof these elements of codification.
Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, Antibacterial Activities, and Synergistic Effects of Novel Juglone and Naphthazarin Derivatives Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Duvauchelle Valentin , Majdi Chaimae , Bénimélis David , Dunyach-Remy Catherine , Meffre Patrick , Benfodda Zohra 
Published: November 2021

Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a serious threat to human and global public health. Moreover, in recent years, very few antibiotics have been discovered and developed by pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop new antibacterial agents to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, two novel series of juglone/naphthazarin derivatives (43 compounds) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial properties against various clinical and reference Gram-positive MSSA, clinical Gram-positive MRSA, and clinical and reference Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. These strains are of clinical importance because they belong to ESKAPE pathogens. Compounds 3al, 5ag, and 3bg showed promising activity against clinical and reference MSSA (MIC: 1–8 µg/ml) and good efficacy against clinical MRSA (MIC: 2–8 µg/ml) strains. 5am and 3bm demonstrated better activity on both MSSA (MIC: 0.5 µg/ml) and MRSA (MIC: 2 µg/ml) strains. Their MICs were similar to those of cloxacillin against clinical MRSA strains. The synergistic effects of active compounds 3al, 5ag, 5am, 3bg, and 3bm were evaluated with reference antibiotics, and it was found that the antibiotic combination with 3bm efficiently enhanced the antimicrobial activity. Compound 3bm was found to restore the sensitivity of clinical MRSA to cloxacillin and enhanced the antibacterial activity of vancomycin when they were added together. In the presence of 3bm, the MIC values of vancomycin and cloxacillin were lowered up to 1/16th of the original MIC with an FIC index of 0.313. Moreover, compounds 3al, 5ag, 5am, 3bg, and 3bm did not present hemolytic activity on sheep red blood cells. In silico prediction of ADME profile parameter results for 3bm is promising and encouraging for further development.
Band Bending Mechanism in CdO/Arsenene Heterostructure: A Potential Direct Z-scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: Ren Kai , Zheng Ruxin , Yu Jin , Sun Qingyun , Li Jianping 
Published: November 2021

For the few years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused general focus. In order to expand the properties and application range of 2D materials, two different layered materials are usually combined into heterostructure through van der Waals (vdW) interaction. In this research, based on first-principles simulation, we propose CdO/Arsenene (CdO/As) vdW heterostructure as a semiconductor possessing a direct bandgap by 2.179 eV. Besides, the CdO/As vdW heterostructure presents type-II band alignment, which can be used as a remarkable photocatalyst. Importantly, the CdO/As heterostructure demonstrates a direct Z-type principle photocatalyst by exploring the band bending mechanism in the heterostructure. Furthermore, we calculated the light absorption characteristics of CdO/As vdW heterostructure by optical absorption spectrum and conversion efficiency of a novel solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (ηSTH) about 11.67%, which is much higher than that of other 2D photocatalysts. Our work can provide a theoretical guidance for the designing of Z-scheme photocatalyst.
A Fate Worse Than Warming? Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and Global Catastrophic Risk
Authors: Tang Aaron , Kemp Luke 
Published: November 2021

Injecting particles into atmosphere to reflect sunlight, stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), represents a potential technological solution to the threat of climate change. But could the cure be worse than the disease? Understanding low probability, yet plausible, high-impact cases is critical to prudent climate risk management and SAI deliberation. But analyses of such high impact outcomes are lacking in SAI research. This paper helps resolve this gap by investigating SAI's contributions to global catastrophic risk. We split SAI's contributions to catastrophic risk into four interrelated dimensions:1. Acting as a direct catastrophic risk through potentially unforeseen ecological blowback.2. Interacting with other globally catastrophic hazards like nuclear war.3. Exacerbating systemic risk (risks that cascade and amplify across different systems);4. Acting as a latent risk (risk that is dormant but can later be triggered).The potential for major unforeseen environmental consequences seems highly unlikely but is ultimately unknown. SAI plausibly interacts with other catastrophic calamities, most notably by potentially exacerbating the impacts of nuclear war or an extreme space weather event. SAI could contribute to systemic risk by introducing stressors into critical systems such as agriculture. SAI's systemic stressors, and risks of systemic cascades and synchronous failures, are highly understudied. SAI deployment more tightly couples different ecological, economic, and political systems. This creates a precarious condition of latent risk, the largest cause for concern. Thicker SAI masking extreme warming could create a planetary Sword of Damocles. That is, if SAI were removed but underlying greenhouse gas concentrations not reduced, there would be extreme warming in a very short timeframe. Sufficiently large global shocks could force SAI termination and trigger SAI's latent risk, compounding disasters and catastrophic risks. Across all these dimensions, the specific SAI deployment, and associated governance, is critical. A well-coordinated use of a small amount of SAI would incur negligible risks, but this is an optimistic scenario. Conversely, larger use of SAI used in an uncoordinated manner poses many potential dangers. We cannot equivocally determine whether SAI will be worse than warming. For now, a heavy reliance on SAI seems an imprudent policy response.
Association of Carotid Intima Media Thickness With Metabolic Syndrome Among Low-Income Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Qiaoxia , Lin Qiuxing , Guo Dandan , Wang Hanhua , Liu Jie , Zhang Xin , Tu Jun , Ning Xianjia , Yang Qing , Wang Jinghua 
Published: November 2021

Background: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) including its components and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in a low-income Chinese population aged ≥45 years.Methods: The participants underwent a general health screening and B-mode carotid ultrasonography that measured CIMT. The diagnosis of MetS and its components was based on the modified International Diabetes Federation Criteria for the Asian Population. The univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between MetS and CIMT.Results: A total of 3,583 participants (mean age, 60 years) was included in the analyses (41.4% male and 58.6% female); more than 50% of the participants were diagnosed with MetS. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the mean CIMT was 0.009 mm greater in the participants with MetS than in those without MetS (β = 0.009; 95% CI, 0.003–0.014; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, a high number of MetS components was associated with greater CIMT values; for example, CIMT increased by 0.007 and 0.015 mm for the individuals diagnosed with 3–4 and 5 MetS components, respectively. Among the MetS components, elevated blood pressure (β = 0.022; 95% CI, 0.015–0.029; P &lt; 0.001) and abdominal obesity (β = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.001–0.015; P &lt; 0.001) were positively correlated with CIMT. However, the increased triglyceride levels were negatively associated with CIMT (β = −0.008; 95% CI: −0.015 to −0.002; P = 0.012), especially among the elderly population.Conclusions: The risk of carotid atherosclerosis increased in the presence of multiple MetS components in a low-income, middle-aged, and elderly population. Accordingly, more detailed management strategies are essential for the early prevention and intervention of atherosclerosis in this low-income population with MetS, in China.
Use of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index for Elderly Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fu Bingqi , Wei Xuebiao , Wang Qi , Yang Zhiwen , Chen Jiyan , Yu Danqing 
Published: November 2021

Background: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Index (TRI) is a simple risk assessment tool for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, its applicability to elderly patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of elderly (≥60 years) patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from January 2010 to April 2016. TRI was calculated on admission using the following formula: heart rate × (age/10)2/systolic blood pressure. Discrimination and calibration of TRI for in-hospital events and 1 year mortality were analyzed.Results: Totally 1,054 patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the TRI: &lt;27 (n = 348), 27–36 (n = 360) and &gt;36 (n = 346). The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI; 7.8 vs. 8.6 vs. 24.0%, p &lt; 0.001), AHF (3.5 vs. 6.6 vs. 16.2%, p &lt; 0.001), in-hospital death (0.6 vs. 3.3 vs. 11.6%, p &lt; 0.001) and MACEs (5.2 vs. 5.8 vs. 15.9%, p &lt; 0.001) was significantly higher in the third tertile. TRI showed good discrimination for in-hospital death [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.804, p &lt; 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.302], which was superior to its prediction for AKI (AUC = 0.678, p &lt; 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.121), and in-hospital MACEs (AUC = 0.669, p &lt; 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.077). Receiver-operation characteristics curve showed that TRI &gt; 42.0 had a sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 82.2% for predicting in-hospital death. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with TRI &gt; 42.0 had higher 1 year mortality (Log-rank = 79.2, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: TRI is suitable for risk stratification in elderly patients with STEMI undergoing PCI, and is thus of continuing value for an aging population.
COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Mutual Effects and Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Xie Lingli , Zhang Ziying , Wang Qian , Chen Yangwen , Lu Dexue , Wu Weihua 
Published: November 2021

The potential relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 has been evaluated. However, new knowledge is rapidly emerging. In this study, we systematically reviewed the relationship between viral cell surface receptors (ACE2, AXL, CD147, DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and DPP4) and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and emphasized the implications of ACE2 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Besides, we updated on the two-way interactions between diabetes and COVID-19, as well as the treatment options for COVID-19 comorbid patients from the perspective of ACE2. The efficacies of various clinical chemotherapeutic options, including anti-diabetic drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, lipid-lowering drugs, anticoagulants, and glucocorticoids for COVID-19 positive diabetic patients were discussed. Moreover, we reviewed the significance of two different forms of ACE2 (mACE2 and sACE2) and gender on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. This review summarizes COVID-19 pathophysiology and the best strategies for clinical management of diabetes patients with COVID-19.