bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and Prevention Biological pollution of 4 (4-Benzophenylazo) Pyrogallol and their Metal Complexes
Authors: Abid Alradaa Zainab A. , Kadam Zeina M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew azo reagent was synthesized by reaction dizonium salt of Para aminobenzoic acid with Pyrogallol, also prepared three Chelate complexes of this reagent with the metal ions of Co(II), Ni(II), and Ag(I). This reagent was characterized by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared), UV. Visible spectrophotometer, FESEM and HNMR proton. The antibacterial activities of the compounds were studied and evaluated using gram positive and negative gram bacteria. The purity of the dye was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent system (Toluene-Methanol) (2:3).The melting point of the purified dye was measured in an open capillary tube. The results showed that some of these compounds have high levels of antibacterial activity.
Assessment of Rocks competency for pre-foundation study using ultrasonic approach
Authors: AL-Awsi Munther D. , Khorshid Salman Z. , Sahaab Abdalratha M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of the current research is to use the ultrasonic wave velocity for assessment of rock competence for pre-foundation study at engineering site near Rawa city. Thirty seven (37) rock samples were gathered from different depths of well drilled at the site. Both compressional and shear waves velocity (Vp and Vs) were measured in the laboratory. To assess the competency of rocks as foundation materials, some geotechnical properties include Poisson’s ratio(σ), Effective angle of internal friction (ϕ), Material index(Im), and Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) were calculated. The results of the study showed that the first layer characterized by incompetent to fairly competent materials, the second layer (Anah Formation) composed of alternation of the moderately competent (limestone) with thin incompetent (fractured coralline limestone) rocks, while the third layer (Baba Formation) which composed of dolamatic limestone characterized by good competent rocks. Depending on above mentioned results, the third layer (Baba Formation) is more suitable as foundation rocks for constructions purposes at the investigated site. The results also confirm that the ultrasonic wave velocity is effective method in evaluating the geotechnical properties of rock in pre-construction works.
Characterization of Graphene Oxide reduced by Bacillus clausii and its activity against MDR uropathogenic isolates
Authors: Almamad Muktad Fadel , Aldujaili Nawfal Hussein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the emergence of high virulence pathogenic strains of bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics, this study was conducted to find alternative materials for antibiotics or work with antibiotics against bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. in this study, we used bacterially reduced graphene oxide (BrGO) for this purpose and through the experiment showed that Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets can biologically reduce by Bacillus clausii by reaction GO with cell free supernatant, where the reaction mixture incubates for 72hrs at 37C° in a shaking incubator. The general properties of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) nanosheets by B. clausii were determined through Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed the successful bacterial synthesis of rGO nanosheets via removal of water molecules and oxygen functional groups from interlayer of GO. So, the reduced Graphene oxide by Bacillus clausii considered excellent and eco-friendly. BrGO nanosheets exhibited potent noticeable antibacterial activity at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/ml) against both Gram (-ve) and Gram (+ve) tested MDR uropathogenic isolates when used alone or at combining with other antibiotics. also the results showed that potent growth inhibition zones was increased with increasing concentrations of BrGO.
Detection lipase gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from crude oil contaminated soil
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Tawoos Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe microbial lipases are industrially more substantial. The bacterial lipase enzymes can be extracellular and intracellular, and are extremely affected by bacterial nutrition and various physicochemical factors like temperature degree, pH, the sources of carbon and nitrogen, inorganic salts and agitation. The objective of current work is isolation and identify ofP.aeruginosafrom crude oil contaminated soil depending on PCR targeted lipA gene. 20g (15 samples) of crude oil contaminated soil were collected from north oil refineries/Kirkuk/Iraq. The isolates were identified according to microscopically diagnosis and colonial properties, biochemical tests, API-20E system with diagnosis by PCR technique based on gene lip A. PCR products by electrophoresis demonstrated only 8 isolates (53.33%) with positive results with lipA 558 from all isolates ofP. aeruginosa.
Thermodynamic Study For Removing Of Crystal Violet Dye On Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks Powder
Authors: Al-Abadi Saad Imran , Al-Da’amy Muneer A. , Kareem Eman T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks powder are better adsorbents due to better functionality, surface area, employed for the adsorption of crystal violet (cv) dye from aqueous media. Crystal violet is used as adye in cotton ;silk and printing ink, crystal violet (cv) dye is a water - soluble, toxic, recalcitrant organic dye that cause several health problems and environment pollution. This study involves the adsorption of crystal violet (cv) dye adsorbed from solution on the Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks powder surface was characterized by numerous techniques AFM. The Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks powder showed promising adsorption ability for Crystal violet dye. Batch experiments were designated to determine the effect of PH, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature change and contact time in dye removal. Process variables were optimized and maximum dye adsorption of 31.38 mg/g was achieved at PH 8, 0.02 g adsorbent dose, 20 min. contact time, 25 for dye initial concentration of 30 mg/L. The isothermal data obtained using batch adsorption technique were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich and Timken equation and it was found that the experimental data is well described by Freundlich isotherm model. Different thermodynamic parameters have shown natural Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the system showed increasing spontaneity with temperature while positive entropy value (ΔS) implied random disorder of molecules featured at solution/solid interfase. Positive enthalpy value (ΔH) confirmed endotherimic nature of this adsorption process.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-composite co-polymer: Adsorption and Removal Studies of vitamin B12 from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Awwad Haitham M. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Al-Baiati Mohammad N. , Alkaim Ayad F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Nano-composite polymer from Nano graft co–polymer that has the ability to absorb, but not dissolve in, water at physiological conditions (pH, temperature, mass of adsorbent). research the adsorption systems of drug (vitamin B12 drug) on selected surfaces (Nano-composite co-polymer) at variable conditions of pH and temperature. Methods: The UV-Visible spectrometer was used to conduct the adsorption experiments. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer) and AFM were used to study the chemical structures of polymers. Results: When the adsorption phenomenon was investigated as different temperatures (10, 20,35 and 55 oC), it was found that the degree of adsorption of vitamin B12 drug on Nano-composite co-polymer was increased with temperature increase. The amounts of drug that were adsorbed on the Nano-composite co-polymer surface at different pH, were in the following order: 11, 6, 4, 2 and successful removal at pH 11.
Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles by Electrolysis and evaluation of their antibacterial activity
Authors: Ismail Shaymaa N. , Abd Ahmed N. , Azeez Dakhil Osama Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study is to prepare and characterize ZnO NPs by electrolysis method. The detailed characterization of ZnO nanoparticles was performed using ultraviolet spectroscopy, (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, electronic ice analysis and SEM scanning analysis demonstrating that the analysis of prepared ZnO nanoparticles is flower. The results of the antibacterial activity showed inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.
Identifying the Birds Diversity Hot Spots in Teeb Protected Area South-eastern Iraq by Using Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Hassan Thaer Kareem , Fadhullah Widad , Abed Salwan Ali , Salim Mudhafar A. , Al-Kenani Kudhur A. , Mahdi Saif Salih 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The area of Teeb and the surrounding areas located at Southeastern Iraq is well known of its ecosystem diversity that includes series of heights and cliffs, shrubby and bushy plains, flat alluvial areas, seasonal marshes and waterbodies; in addition to two large seasonal rivers: Teeb and Dweireej. Such a rich topographical diversity has created the richness in plant diversity and subsequently fauna diversity. Nevertheless, no report was conducted on Teeb area particularly on the birds diversity and its associated hot spots analysis. The objectives of this study are to determine the bird count observed in Teeb surveyed area and to estimate the avifauna habitat selection using Kernel Density Estimation.. It The study has been visited in various occasions during 2016-2020 where seven sampling sites were surveyed regularly in different seasons targeting the birds diversity and their habitats. The fieldwork targeted both: aquatic and terrestrial species, and general description for their habitats over the seven sampling sites. Kernel Density Estimation Modelling in ArcGIS was used to determine important hotspot for birds in Teeb protected area. Geostatistical analysis was also carried out using hot spot (Gi*de Getis-Ord) analysis and Neareast Neighbour analysis. One hundred and forty-nine bird species were recorded during the current study. The main goal of the current work, besides presenting the results of the fieldwork, is to demonstrate the importance of the area as a priority for conservation on the national level, and addressing conservation issues as a tool for treating the threats that threaten the Biodiversity in general and birds in particular in this key biodiversity area in Iraq. Highlighting the birds hotspots in Teeb would assist in addressing the management effort property. demonstrating the importance of the area as a priority for conservation on the national level, and addressing set of recommendations as a tool for treating the threats that threaten the biodiversity in general and birds in particular in this key biodiversity area in Iraq.
Invasive Alien Species in Al-Dalmaj Protected Area, Iraq: Conservation and Wildlife Management Approach
Authors: Salim Mudhafar A. , Al-Sudani Ibrahim M. , Haloob Ali , Abed Salwan Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn invasive species can be any kind of living organism that is not originally native to an area or ecosystem. These species can harm the environment, the economy, or even human health, the matter that necessitates their studying and monitoring. The current study has focused only on the alien invasive species and excluded the invasive species of native origin. The alien invasive species have been studies for more than a decade in Dalmaj area as part of the Iraqi Organization for Conservation of Nature (IOCN)’s long-term environmental studies in this protected area that includes wide spectrum of habitats and is rich in biodiversity. Only the invasive species have been tackled in this survey, and the alien species that are of native origin have not been included in this study. Nineteen invasive species have been observed in the study area that belong to different flora and fauna taxa. These groups included three plant species (16% of the total invasive species), twelve fish species (63%), three bird species (16%), and one mammal species (5%). The status of these species in the study area was described. By shading light on this group of organisms and provide basic information on their population size, this would establish for long-term monitoring of these taxa and would help in the management of these species and assessing their effect in the different habitats of Al-Dalmaj protected area.
Estimating Cannabis Involvement in Fatal Crashes in Washington State Before and After the Legalization of Recreational Cannabis Consumption Using Multiple Imputation of Missing Values
Authors: Tefft Brian C , Arnold Lindsay S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The government of Washington state legalized recreational cannabis consumption in December 2012. We used data on all drivers involved in fatal crashes in Washington in the years 2008–2019 (n = 8,282) to estimate prevalence in fatal crashes of drivers with ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the main psychoactive compound in cannabis) in their blood before and after legalization. However, nearly half of the drivers were not tested for drugs; we therefore used multiple imputation to estimate THC presence and concentration among them. We used logistic regression followed by marginal standardization to estimate the adjusted prevalence of THC-positive drivers after legalization relative to what would have been predicted without legalization. In the combined observed and imputed data, the proportion of drivers positive for THC was 9.3% before and 19.1% after legalization (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 4.1). The proportion of drivers with high THC concentrations increased substantially (adjusted prevalence ratio: 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 15.1). Some of the increased prevalence of THC-positive drivers might have reflected cannabis use unassociated with driving; however, the increased prevalence of drivers with high THC concentrations suggests an increase in the prevalence of driving shortly after using cannabis. Other jurisdictions should compile quantitative data on drug test results of drivers to enable surveillance and evaluation.
Expression of Exogenous Epithelial Sodium Channel Beta Subunit in the Mouse Middle Cerebral Artery Increases Pressure-Induced Constriction
Authors: Nemeth Zoltan , Ryan Michael J , Granger Joey P , Drummond Heather A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Pressure-induced constriction (PIC) is inherent to small arteries and arterioles, in which intraluminal pressure-induced vascular smooth muscle cell stretch elicits vasoconstriction. Degenerin (Deg) proteins, such as beta-epithelial Na+ channel (βENaC), have been studied in the PIC response because they are evolutionarily linked to known mechanosensors. While loss of Deg function phenotypes are plentiful, a gain-of-function phenotype has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if expression of exogenous βENaC in the isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) enhances the PIC response.

Methods
Isolated MCA segments from female mice (24 weeks, n = 5) were transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein–βENaC (EGFP–βENaC) or with EGFP alone, incubated overnight at 37 °C, then studied in a pressure myograph.

Results
Mechanical/morphological properties and vasoconstrictor responses to KCl and phenylephrine were identical in EGFP–βENaC and EGFP MCAs. In contrast, PIC responses were greater in EGFP–βENaC segments with ~2-fold greater peak myogenic tone.

Conclusions
These data confirm previous findings that βENaC is critical in the PIC response. These data provide proof-of-concept that upregulating βENaC can enhance PIC responses and lay the foundation to test the hypothesis that inflammation-mediated downregulation of βENaC contributes to cerebrovascular dysfunction.
Personal Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure of Farmworkers: Seasonal and Anatomical Differences Suggest Prevention Measures Are Required
Authors: Linde Karlien , Wright Caradee Yael , du Plessis Johannes Lodewykus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Farmworkers are at risk of excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during their work activities, especially if they work in geographical areas with high ambient solar UVR levels such as in South Africa. Excess exposure to solar UVR may lead to several negative health effects such as certain cataracts and skin cancer. This study evaluated personal solar UVR exposure of a group of farmworkers to determine if they were at risk of health-related problems due to excess solar UVR exposure.

Methods
Polysulphone film (PSF) badges were placed on the shoulder, arm, and top of the head of outdoor and indoor farmworkers on a macadamia nut and avocado farm in the Limpopo province for the duration of their daily work shift to evaluate their total daily solar UVR exposure. Sixteen days were assessed for each of the three, high solar UVR seasons, i.e. autumn, spring, and summer.

Results
During autumn, farmworkers’ arms received the highest solar UVR exposures (geometric mean (GM) = 7.8 SED, where 1 standard erythemal dose (SED) = 100 J/m2, 95% CI 6.1–9.8 SED) while the highest exposures were on the top of the head during spring (GM = 11.6 SED, 95% CI 7.3–17.4 SED) and summer (GM = 13.9, 95% CI 10.4–17.9 SED). Statistically significant differences in solar UVR exposure were found between the body sites during spring and summer but not autumn.

Conclusions
The relatively high daily solar UVR exposure levels of farmworkers suggest this occupational group is at risk of excess solar UVR exposure and preventive measures with awareness information to safeguard health is necessary for employers and employees.
“I Spy with my Little Eye, Something that is a Face…”: A Brain Network for Illusory Face Detection
Authors: Thome Ina , Hohmann Daniela M , Zimmermann Kristin M , Smith Marie L , Kessler Roman , Jansen Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most basic aspect of face perception is simply detecting the presence of a face, which requires the extraction of features that it has in common with other faces. Putatively, it is caused by matching high-dimensional sensory input with internal face templates, achieved through a top-down mediated coupling between prefrontal regions and brain areas in the occipito-temporal cortex (“core system of face perception”). Illusory face detection tasks can be used to study these top-down influences. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we showed that illusory face perception activated just as real faces the core system, albeit with atypical left-lateralization of the occipital face area. The core system was coupled with two distinct brain regions in the lateral prefrontal (inferior frontal gyrus, IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). A dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis revealed that activity in the core system during illusory face detection was upregulated by a modulatory face-specific influence of the IFG, not as previously assumed by the OFC. Based on these findings, we were able to develop the most comprehensive neuroanatomical framework of illusory face detection until now.
Context-Aware Authentication with Dynamic Credentials using Electricity Consumption Data
Authors: Ustundag Soykan Elif , KaraÇay Leyli , Bilgin Zeki , Tomur Emrah , Akif Ersoy Mehmet , KarakoÇ Ferhat , Çomak Pinar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndustrial IoT (IIoT) era is evolving rapidly in parallel to the progress in Industry 4.0, which leads factories to increase the engagement with external parties through different communication infrastructures. This brings a larger attack surface and requires the development of new security solutions suitable for IIoT systems. Authentication is a key enabler to prevent the attacks that come from the interactions with the outside world components. Though there are proposed authentication schemes for IoT or machine-to-machine (M2M) applications, they cannot be readily applied for IIoT since manufacturing machines have different features and requirements than generic IT and IoT devices. In this paper, context information is proposed to be used for enhancing the authentication process in the IIoT, where instantaneous electricity consumption measured by smart meters is the main context information used as a dynamic authentication credential. Besides, in our method, existing smart meter infrastructure is utilized for both exchanging credentials over an industrial network and verification of the credentials by trusted components like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or Energy Management System (EMS). The proposed method also allows the use of other context information as authentication credentials such as temperature and humidity collected by sensors in the manufacturing environment.
Human BIN1 isoforms grow, maintain, and regenerate excitation–contraction couplons in adult rat and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Guo Jia , Tian Qinghai , Barth Monika , Xian Wenying , Ruppenthal Sandra , Schaefers Hans-Joachim , Chen Zhifen , Moretti Alessandra , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Lipp Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsIn ventricular myocytes, transverse-tubules (T-tubules) are instrumental for excitation–contraction (EC)coupling and their disarray is a hallmark of cardiac diseases. BIN1 is a key contributor to their biogenesis. Our study set out to investigate the role of human BIN1 splice variants in the maintenance and regeneration of EC-coupling in rat adult ventricular myocytes and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPS-CMs).Methods and resultsIn heart samples from healthy human donors expression patterns of five BIN1 splice variants were identified. Following viral transduction of human BIN1 splice variants in cellular models of T-tubular disarray, we employed high-speed confocal calcium imaging and CaCLEAN analysis to identify functional EC-coupling sites (couplons) and T-tubular architecture. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were used to investigate the regeneration after loss and maintenance of EC-coupling while we studied the enhancement of EC-coupling in hiPS-CMs. All five human BIN1 splice variants induced de-novo generation of T-tubules in both cell types. Isoforms with the phosphoinositide-binding motif (PI) were most potent in maintenance and regeneration of T-tubules and functional EC-coupling in adult rat myocytes. In hiPSC-CMs, BIN1 variants with PI-motif-induced de novo generation of T-tubules, functional couplons and enhanced calcium handling.ConclusionBIN1 is essential for the maintenance, regeneration, and de novo generation of functional T-tubules. Isoforms with PI-motifs appeared as particulalrly potent. These T-tubules trigger the development of functional couplons resulting in enhanced calcium handling.