bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Multi-Scale Fusion Attention U-Net to Segment the Thyroid Gland on CT Localization Images for Radiotherapy
Authors: Wen Xiaobo , Zhao Biao , Yuan Meifang , Li Jinzhi , Sun Mengzhen , Ma Lishuang , Sun Chaoxi , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To explore the performance of Multi-scale Fusion Attention U-net (MSFA-U-net) in thyroid gland segmentation on CT localization images for radiotherapy. Methods: CT localization images for radiotherapy of 80 patients with breast cancer or head and neck tumors were selected; label images were manually delineated by experienced radiologists. The data set was randomly divided into the training set (n=60), the validation set (n=10), and the test set (n=10). Data expansion was performed in the training set, and the performance of the MSFA-U-net model was evaluated using the evaluation indicators Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SE), and Hausdorff distance (HD). Results: With the MSFA-U-net model, the DSC, JSC, PPV, SE, and HD indexes of the segmented thyroid gland in the test set were 0.8967±0.0935, 0.8219±0.1115, 0.9065±0.0940, 0.8979±0.1104, and 2.3922±0.5423, respectively. Compared with U-net, HR-net, and Attention U-net, MSFA-U-net showed that DSC increased by 0.052, 0.0376, and 0.0346 respectively; JSC increased by 0.0569, 0.0805, and 0.0433, respectively; SE increased by 0.0361, 0.1091, and 0.0831, respectively; and HD increased by −0.208, −0.1952, and −0.0548, respectively. The test set image results showed that the thyroid edges segmented by the MSFA-U-net model were closer to the standard thyroid delineated by the experts, in comparison with those segmented by the other three models. Moreover, the edges were smoother, over-anti-noise interference was stronger, and oversegmentation and undersegmentation were reduced. Conclusion: The MSFA-U-net model can meet basic clinical requirements and improve the efficiency of physicians' clinical work.
The Effect of Propofol on Hypoxia- and TNF-α-Mediated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B Pathway Dysregulation in Primary Rat Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Tao Weiping , Zhang Xuesong , Ding Juan , Yu Shijian , Ge Peiqing , Han Jingfeng , Luo Xing , Cui Wei , chen jiawei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B (BDNF/TrkB) pathway dysregulation may be induced by hypoxia and inflammation, and play pivotal roles during the development of neurological disorders. Propofol is an anesthetic agent with neuro-protective properties. We aimed to verify whether propofol affected BDNF/TrkB pathway in neurons and astrocytes exposed to hypoxia and inflammation.Methods: Primary rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes were cultured and exposed to propofol followed by hypoxia or TNF-α treatment. The production of BDNF and the expression/truncation/phosphorylation of TrkB were measured. The underlying mechanisms such as ERK, CREB, p35 and Cdk5 were investigated.Results: In hippocampal neurons and astrocytes, hypoxia and TNF-α reduced the production of BDNF. Pretreatment of hippocampal neurons with 25μM propofol reversed the inhibitory effect of hypoxia or TNF-α on BDNF production. However, even 100μM propofol had no such effect in astrocytes. Further, we found that in hippocampal neurons hypoxia and TNF-α increased the phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) and CREB at Ser142 (p-CREB Ser142), while reduced the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 (p-CREB Ser133), which were all reversed by 25μM propofol and 10μM ERK inhibitor. In addition, we reported that hypoxia- and TNF-α-mediated reduction of BDNF was mitigated by 10μM ERK inhibitor, and the beneficial effect of propofol was abolished by 10μM ERK activator. We also found neither hypoxia nor TNF-α affected TrkB expression, truncation or phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. However 50μM propofol induced TrkB phosphorylation without affecting its expression and truncation only in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we detected that in hippocampal neurons, 50μM propofol induced p35 expression and Cdk5 activation, and blockade of p35 or Cdk5 mitigated propofol-induced TrkB phosphorylation.Conclusions: Propofol, via ERK/CREB and p35/Cdk5, may modulate BDNF/TrkB pathway in hippocampal neurons that were exposed to hypoxia or TNF-α.
Default mode and frontal executive network interactions enable interoceptive attention &amp; mindfulness
Authors: Grennan Gillian , Balasubramani Pragathi , Maric Vojislav , Ramanathan Dhakshin , Mishra Jyoti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals is fundamental to mindfulness. In an attention-to-breathing task in 161 adults, we found that consistency of interoceptive attention significantly correlated with performance efficiency across several exteroceptive cognitive domain tasks. EEG source mapping within subjects showed that on low-consistency or distracted trials there was greater recruitment of frontal executive control activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and suppression of the posterior default mode network (Precuneus), with increased functional connectivity between these regions. In contrast, high-consistency or attentive trials were associated with greater connectivity between Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and Insula, key nodes of the cognitive control network for attention monitoring. Notably, individual trait mindfulness was correlated with greater functional connectivity between DLPFC-Precuneus on distracted trials and greater ACC-Insula connectivity on attentive trials. These results showcase dynamic network interactions underlying objective markers of interoceptive attention and subjective rating mindfulness.
Dietary Fiber for Gestating Sows During Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level
Authors: Oh SeungMin , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Ha SangHun , Moturi Joseph , Mun JunYoung , Tajudeen Habeeb , Kim JinSoo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Heat stress is an important issue in swine farms, which causes economic loss and compromises sows health. The addition of fiber to the diet is an option in modifying intestinal health. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fiber level on reproductive performance, intestinal microbiota and integrity, and metabolism of gestating sows, and its carry-over effect on the lactation period during heat stress. Methods: A total of 36 gestating sows (90 day-pregnant) were allotted to three treatments with 12 replicates. The diets included 3% (LF), 4.5% (MF), and 6% (HF) crude fiber. All gestating sows fed 2.5 kg of diet daily and diets contained 3150 kcal/kg of ME, 14% crude protein (CP), and 0.58% standardized ileal digestibility of lysine. Results: Sows fed the HF diet showed a lower respiratory rate and hair cortisol concentration compared with the LF treatment. The HF diet increased the feed intake of sows compared with the LF diet, while it decreased the farrowing duration. The HF diet increased the constipation index compared with the MF and LF diets. Sows in the HF treatment showed a greater piglet weight and litter weight compared with the LF treatment at weaning. Sows in the LF treatment showed the highest digestibility of CP and the greatest digestibility of acid detergent fiber was observed in sows fed HF diet. The HF diet increased lying and decreased standing, and sham chewing behavior compared with the LF diet. The concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acid were increased in sows fed the HF diet. The gene expression of glucose transporter 3 and 4 was increased in the HF treatment. The gene expression of heat shock protein70 was decreased in the HF treatment.Conclusion: Increasing dietary fiber level decreased stress level and improved farrowing duration and reproductive performance.
Convectively-coupled High-frequency Atmospheric waves triggered Kerala floods in 2018 and 2019
Authors: R KIRAN S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Floods have repeatedly battered the South Indian state, Kerala, as a result of the unprecedented heavy rainfall during Boreal Summers, in recent years. The state witnessed large departures from normal rainfall in 2018 and 2019. Previous studies have seldom adopted a systematic approach to understand the phenomenon responsible for the recurrent extreme events. Hence, this study, based on spectral methods, identifies a characteristic propagation of high-frequency equatorial waves in the atmosphere, which travelled from near tropical west Pacific to the east coast of Africa. These waves stimulated intense convection and ensured sufficient availability of moisture over the state, and are hence responsible for Kerala Floods.
Identification of Benzothiazole‒Rhodanine Derivatives as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In-silico and In-Vitro Analysis
Authors: C Revanasiddappa B , Sriniv Mahendra Gowdru , Aggarwal Natasha Naval , Gatphoh Banylla Felicity Dkhar , S Madan Kumar , B.R. Kannika , G.V. Pujar , Dixit Sheshagiri , Mondal Shubhankar , B.R. Prashantha Kumar , Khanal Pukar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In search for possible antidiabetic agents, a new series of Benzothiazole-Rhodanine derivatives (A1-10) have been synthesized and characterized by spectral data (IR, 1 H-NMR, C 13 -NMR, and HR-MS). All the designed compounds were subjected to In-silico studies using Schrodinger software and evaluated for In-vitro antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Among the tested compounds A5, A6 and A9 showed good activity when compared to the standard Acarbose. Also, Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of the ligand-protein complex by the calculation of the root mean of square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and solvent accessible surface area (SASA).
Outcomes from a Multi-disciplinary Uveitis Referral Clinic in Tasmania, Australia and adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ovens Christopher A. , Yang Verlyn , Yates William B , Verma Nitin , Speden Deborah , McCluskey Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Uveitis is one of the most common causes of visual impairment, accounting for up to 25% of visual loss in the developing world and 10% in developed countries. There are marked regional differences within Australia, particularly in rural and Indigenous populations. There is no published data on uveitis in Tasmania. Methods: A 5-year retrospective case series review of medical records of all patients reviewed to the clinic was performed. Results: A total of 95 patients were referred to the clinic. Seventy-six (76) patients (123 eyes) had uveitis and were analysed in detail (see table 1). Nineteen (19) patients had a diagnosis other than uveitis or were on immunosuppressive therapy for another ocular inflammatory disorder (detailed in Table 2). The most common anatomical diagnosis was posterior uveitis (29%), followed by pan-uveitis (20%) and intermediate uveitis (17%). Average follow-up was 36.7 months. Conclusion: The most common anatomical diagnosis was posterior uveitis (29%), followed by pan-uveitis (20%) and intermediate uveitis (17%). Telemedicine is a modality that could have application in management of Uveitis in regional areas.
Production, characterization and cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles from Cystseira myrica
Authors: Fatah Hesham M. Abd El 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

A green, eco-friendly approach to biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles has been reported for marine macroalga Cystseira myrica extract as a reducing agent.

Methods

Algal extract was prepared from the marine brown seaweed Cystoseira myrica. Different pH and temperature impact the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles suggesting that the synthesis depends greatly on pH and temperature. Silver nanoparticles have been detected by modifying the color of the algal extract and verified by the use of UV-vis and other characterizations. The Structure and characters of synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed using TEM, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. Cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles using provided cell lines of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2).

Results

Shape of silver nanoparticles at pH 9, 75°C for 30 min and was found to be suitable for the biosynthesis process and the AgNPs exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 434nm. High resolution Electron Microscope Transmission (HR-TEM) reported polydisperse and spherical shapes ranging from 8 to 15 nm. High attractive and repulsive forces between each nanoparticle were recorded with an average zeta potential value of approximately −29.3 mV for C. myrica extract NPs. The X-ray diffraction study revealed the crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR has shown the bioreduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles through biomolecules found in C. myrica extract. Silver nanoparticles have been found to have anticancer activity. The cytotoxicity assay was studied against MCF-7 and HepG2 at various concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.56, 0.78, 0.39, 0.2 and 0.1 μg/mL). By increasing the concentration of AgNPs from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL the maximum percentage of viability against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell line decreased from 94.55 ± 7.55 to 19.879 ± 0.503 and from 78.56 ± 11.36 to 25.81 ± 2.66 after time exposure respectively.

Conclusions

The silver nanoparticles from Cystoseira myrica have cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line and HepG2 human hepato cellular carcinoma cell line.
The Ascension of Christ and Permanent Ecclesiogenesis: A Contribution to Pneumatological and Eschatological Ecclesiology
Authors: Napiórkowski Andrzej 
Published: October 2021

What is the Ascension? Is it merely a narrative of a post-paschal community? In what spatio-temporal reality has it been fulfilled? How should we understand its placement in time: forty days after the Resurrection, and ten days prior to the Descent of the Holy Spirit? The Ascension should be analyzed integrally in connection with the mystery of death and the Resurrection. This paper presents an attempt at deepening New-Testament ecclesiogenesis while also moving away from the narrowed understanding that the Church emerged solely as a result of the words, deeds and person of Jesus Christ. On the one hand, it is a reference to the five stages of the Church's emergence as an event of the entire Holy Trinity in the still-unfinished history of salvation. On the other: it is a presentation of the typically ignored of the Ascension, which is usually reduced to the event of the Resurrection of the glorious Lord. Analysis of the Ascension – performed in the light of ecclesiogenesis – leads to uncovering the pneumatological and eschatological components, which are most interesting in reference to the multi-dimensional establishment of the Church and its mission.
Uni-Variate and Multi-Variate Short-Term Household Electricity
Consumption Prediction Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Tyagi Sakshi , Singh Pratima 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Electricity consumption prediction plays an important role in
conservation, development, and future planning. Accurate prediction model has various field
applications in real-life scenarios, future electricity demand estimation, performance evaluation of
current time, fault detection, efficient energy production, resource-saving, and many more. In this
paper, a CNN based short term building electricity consumption prediction model is developed and
tested for two different types of datasets that can perform weekly prediction. Two different
datasets are used to check how the algorithm behaves on different datasets i.e., what are the
impacts dataset has on prediction accuracy. Errors were calculated using MAE and RMSE.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to develop an electricity consumption prediction (ECP)
model for a univariate and multivariate dataset using CNN and LSTM network and to find that
how the correlation and independency of features affect the electricity prediction task.

Methods:
The proposed electricity consumption model is built using the deep CNN andLSTM
network and is trained and tested using the univariate and multivariate time series dataset thus the
two experiments have been performed and are named as U-ECPCL (Univariate- Electricity
Consumption Prediction using CNN and LSTM) and M-ECPCL (Multivariate- Electricity
Consumption Prediction using CNN and LSTM) respectively.

Results:
The model predicts accurately with few errors with MAE of 0.251 and RMSE of 0.66 for
univariate dataset and MAE of 4.36 and RMSE of 11.53 for a multivariate dataset.

Conclusion:
The model predicts accurately with few errors and if the prediction error of univariate
and multivariate are compared then it is concluded that the univariate model outperforms the
multivariate model.
HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA (HAPE)
Authors: Khiptiyah Mariyatul , Sartono Teguh Rahayu , Normahayu Indrastuti , Jaya Wiwi 
Published: October 2021

Â Introduction:Â High altitudeÂ pulmonary edema (HAPE) is one of the acute, severe, non-cardiogenic disease that could be life threatening,Â occurs upon either the first or subsequent exposure to high altitude. It is triggered by a shortage of oxygen after ascending high altitude. The most effective therapeutic approach for HAPE is to immediately descend from high altitude and to give oxygenation, maintaining arterial saturation over 90%, as well as letting the patient rest from strenuous physical activity. The use ofÂ portable hyperbaric chamberÂ is also deemed effective in certain circumstance, and nifedipine can also be used to treat HAPE, even as additional treatment in condition that the patients had yet to descend and oxygenation is still not administrable.Â Case Report: We reported a case at Rs. Dr. Saiful Anwar, a 23-year old male with High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). Diagnosis established from anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Patient complained shortness of breath when climbing Mt. Semeru, in which the patient reached an altitude of 2700 mdpl in 2 days. Physical examination showed oxygen saturation 46-49% with NRBM 10 lpm, and rhonchi breath sound in all lung areas. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis, blood gas analysis showed hypocarbia,Â severe hipoxemia,Â metabolic acidosis, and type I respiratory failure. Ches XRay showed wide, irregular infiltrate in both lungs. Based on those, the patient was diagnosed with HAPE. In this case, the patient was given oxygenation.Conclussion: In this case, the patient was diagnosed with HAPE based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Oxygenation given to the patient improved his condition.Key words: High altitude disease, Acclimatization, Pathophysiology, Management and treatment
RISK FACTORS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Gudzenko K. A. , Mogilevskyy S. Yu. , Kyryliuk М. L. , Ziablitsev D. S. 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to identify risk factors for the occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus by conducting a regression analysis of the mutual influence of these diseases. We examined 649 patients (649 eyes), among whom 301 patients (301 eyes) had diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma; 164 patients (164 eyes) had diabetic retinopathy only; 81 patients (81 eyes) had only glaucoma and 103 patients (103 eyes) did not have these diseases (control). The construction of logistic regression models was carried out in the GLZ module of the Statistica 10 software (StatSoft, Inc. USA). It was found that the development of primary open-angle glaucoma directly depended on the duration of diabetes and the intraocular pressure level, and vice versa — on visual acuity (p < 0.001). The development of diabetic retinopathy did not depend on the presence of glaucoma, but it was directly dependent on the blood content of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Men had a lower risk of developing diabetic retinopathy than women(OR = 0.800; 95% CI 0.76-0.84). Also, men had a lower risk of glaucoma (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.94–0.96). Stratification by stages of diabetic retinopathy showed the effect of intraocular pressure, decreased visual acuity and glaucoma stages on the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p < 0.001). Increased intraocular pressure was an independent factor in the development of retinopathy. The development of glaucoma of the initial stage was directly influenced by an increase of blood glycated hemoglobin and by the stage of diabetic retinopathy. The occurrence of stage 2 glaucoma was influenced by the duration of diabetes and visual acuity, stage 3 glaucoma — by visual acuity, and stage 4 glaucoma – by the age and duration of diabetes. Independent risk factors for glaucoma were duration of diabetes, increased intraocular pressure, and low visual acuity. When stratified by stage, there was no evidence of a reduction in the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in men. Thus, the features of the mutual influence of the development of diabetic retinopathy and primary open-angle glaucoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus have been established.
Snodgrass procedure for distal penile and mid-shaft hypospadias repair in children
Authors: Zadykyan S. S. , Zadykyan R. S. , Sizonov V. V. , Kagantsov I. M. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Hypospadias is one of the most frequent penile malformations in newborn boys. Warren Snodgrass developed the «tubularized incised plate» (TIP) urethroplasty that is the most often procedure used in the surgical treatment of distal hypospadias for the last 20 years. Despite the great popularity of the technique, its no less famous Grafted TIP (GTIP) modification appeared. The technique is aimed at filling the defect in the urethral site with a foreskin free flap followed by tubularized urethroplasty.Purpose of the study. To compare the outcomes of TIP and GTIP procedures in our clinic which have been performed in the last 10 years.Materials and methods. One hundred-fourteen boys with hypospadias (aged 6 mo – 15 years) were operated on using the TIP technique and its modification GTIP during 2010 – 2020 (Sochi Center of Motherhood and Childhood Protection). The patients were: boys up to 1 year – 27 (23.7%), from 1 to 3 years – 57 (50%), 4 – 7 years – 19 (16.7%), from 8 to 14 years – 14 (12.3%). Primary repair was done in 112 cases (98.2%), the second procedure was done in 2 (1.8%) cases. There were 94 (82.5%) boys with distal hypospadias and 20 (17.5%) children with mid-shaft hypospadias. All patients were examined 3 and 12 months after surgery. We assessed the degree of skin scar process on the penile shaft, the location of the meatus and the quality of urination during the examination.Results. We observed 27 (23.7%) complications after urethroplasty out of 114 treated boys. There were 13 (11.4%) cases of urethral fistula, which were secondary repaired 6 months later. Meatal stenosis was observed in 2 (1.8%) cases, which required secondary meatoplasty. Repeat urethroplasty was done in 10 (8.7%) cases due to neourethral suture failure. There were also 2 (1.8%) cases of secondary penile curvature that required repeat surgery. The good cosmetical and functional results were achieved finally in all children.Conclusion. The analysis of our ten-year experience of using TIP-urethroplasty and its GTIP modification did not reveal significant differences in the overall incidence of postoperative complications. Yet, using the TIP procedure is associated with more fistulas. There were more cases of urethral suture failure in children whom the GTIP technique was performed. Our data suggest the need for a selective approach in the formation of indications for using TIP and GTIP procedures, along with research aimed at finding criteria for patient selection.