bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorated Colitis by Regulating the Homeostasis of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Intestinal Flora
Authors: Long Jian , Liu Xue-Ke , Kang Zeng-Ping , Wang Meng-Xue , Zhao Hai-Mei , Liu Duan-Yong , Zhong You-Bao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Aberrant M1/M2 macrophage polarization and intestinal flora disruption are involved in the pathological processes associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Ginsenoside Rg1 has good immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and is effective in treating UC of humans and animals. However, it is unclear how ginsenoside Rg1 regulate the homeostasis of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and intestinal flora.Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, DSS, DSS+Rg1, DSS+Y27632 groups. In this study, experiment colitis was induced in BALB/c mice using sodium dextran sulfate (DSS). Mice of DSS+Rg1, DSS+Y27632 groups were treated respectively with ginsenoside Rg1 and Rock inhibitor Y27632 for 14 consecutive days. On day 21, all mice were sacrificed. Histopathological analysis of the colon tissues was performed by Hematoxylin Eosin sinning. Cytokines (IL-6, IL-33, CCL-2, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10) were detected by Elisa. Flow cytometry was used to analyse macrophage activation and M1/M2 macrophage polarisation. Western blotting were applied to detect the levels of Macrophage polarization-associated protein (Arg-1, MIF-1, PIM-1, TLR2) and Nogo-B/RhoA signaling molecules (Rock1, RhoA and Nogo-B). The fecal microbial populations were analyzed using 16S gene sequencing. Results: After ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 treatment, the changes of body weight, colon length, colonic weight index and colonic mucosal injury of colitis mice were effectively improved, accompanied by less ulcer formation and inflammatory cell infiltration, lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-33, CCL-2, TNF-α) and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Importantly, the percentage of CD11b+F4/80+, CD11b+F4/80+Tim-1+, CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+, and CD11b+F4/80+iNOS+ cells and the expression levels of MIF-1 and PIM-1 proteins were down-regulated significantly after ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 treatment, and CD11b+F4/80+CD206+ and CD11b+F4/80+CD163+ cells and Arg-1 up-regulated significantly. Intestinal flora composition were effectively improved after administration of ginsenoside Rg1. The Nogo-B/RchoA signaling pathway were obviously inhibited after ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 treatment, and the levels of Rock1, RhoA and Nogo-B proteins were significantly reduced. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rg1 has the protective effect on UC by inhibiting macrophage activation, restoring the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization, and improving intestinal flora composition, associated with inhibition of the Nogo-B/RhoA signaling pathway.
Cross–trait analysis of Alzheimer’s disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders identifies shared loci highlighting immune-related and statin pathways
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel , O’Brien Eleanor , Nyholt Dale , Porter Tenielle , Laws Simon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Several observational studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders; however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analysed several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics (N = 34,652 – 456,327) to assess AD and GIT disorders relationships. We found a significant genetic overlap and correlation between AD and each of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), medications for GERD or PUD (PGM), gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis, but not inflammatory bowel disease. Our analysis suggests a partial causal association between AD and gastritis-duodenitis, diverticulosis and medication for PUD. GWAS meta-analysis identified seven loci (P < 5 × 10-8, PDE4B, CD46, SEMA3F, HLA-DRA, MTSS2, PHB, and APOE) shared by AD and PGM, six of which are novel. These loci were replicated using GERD and PUD GWAS and reinforced in gene-based analyses. Lipid metabolism, autoimmune system, lipase inhibitors, PD-1 signalling, and statin pathways were significantly enriched for AD and GIT disorders. These findings support shared genetic susceptibility in AD and GIT disorders. Lipase inhibitors and statins may provide novel therapeutic avenues for AD, GIT disorders, or their comorbidity.
Effect of thermomechanical treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with minor amount Sc and Zr on the mechanical properties
Authors: Kheradmand Azam Beigi , Mirdamadi Shamseddin , Lalegani Zahra , Hamawandi Bejan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, mechanical and microstructural properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr cast alloy with 0.1% Sc under homogeneous, dissolution, and T6 and thermomechanical treatments with the aim of increasing the volume fraction of MgZn2 and Al3(Sc,Zr) reinforcing sediments were examined by hardness, microscopic examinations and tensile tests and software analysis. The results showed that firstly, the hardness results are well proportional to the results of tensile properties of alloys and secondly, the strength of the alloy with thermomechanical treatments compared to T6 treatments increased from 492 MPa to 620 MPa and the elongation increased from 8% to 17% and 100 % upgraded. Microstructural investigation and fracture cross section showed that Al3(Sc,Zr) nanoparticles were evenly distributed among MgZn2 particles and the alloy fracture was of semi-ductile type and in the fracture section nanoparticles less than 10 nm were observed at the end of the dimples. Also, the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the whole microstructure of thermomechanical treatment samples was much higher than that of T6 heat treated samples, so that the percentage of Al3(Sc,Zr) sediments from less than 1% in T6 operation to 8.28% in quench-controlled thermomechanical operation (with 50% deformation) has arrived. QI index in thermomechanical treatment samples is 19% higher than T6 samples, so that this index has increased from 641 in T6 operation to 760 in samples under thermomechanical treatment due to sediment morphology, volume fraction of sediments, their uniform distribution in the matrix, and nano sized sediments in samples under thermomechanical treatment.
Implementation Of An ED Surge Management Platform: A Study Protocol
Authors: Anaraki Nahid Rahimipour , Jewer Jennifer , Hurley Oliver , Mariathas Hensley , Young Christina , Norman Paul , Patey Christopher , Wilson Brenda , Etchegary Holly , Senior Dorothy , Asghari Shabnam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Wait times and overcrowding are challenging emergency departments (EDs) around the world. To address these issues, a quality improvement program called SurgeCon was created to improve ED efficiency and patient satisfaction. This paper presents a framework for managing and evaluating the implementation of an ED surge management platform. Our framework builds on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to structure our approach and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide our choice of outcome variables and scalability. Methods Four hospital EDs will receive the SurgeCon quality improvement program. Using a stepped wedge cluster design, each ED will be randomised to one of four start dates. Data will be collected before, during, and after the implementation. Guided by CFIR, we will measure ED key performance indicators (KPI), patient reported outcomes, and implementation outcomes related to SurgeCon’s scalability, adaptability, sustainability and overall costs. RE-AIM will be used to guide the assessment of SurgeCon. Participants in this study consist of patients who visit any of the four selected EDs during the study period, providers/staff, and health system managers. A mixed-methods approach will be utilized to evaluate implementation outcomes. Discussion This study will provide important insight into the implementation and evaluation techniques to enhance uptake of an ED surge-management platform. The proposed framework bridges research and practice by involving researchers, practitioners, and patients in the implementation and evaluation process, to produce an actionable framework that others can follow. We anticipate that the implementation approach would be generalizable to program implementations in other EDs.Trial Registration:Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.govTrial registration number: NCT04789902Date of registration: 03/10/2021URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04789902?cond=surgecon&draw=2&rank=1
A Prediction Model for Regional Carbon Emissions Based on GRU Networks
Authors: Meng Jun , Ding Gangyi , Liu Laiyang , Guan Zheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a data-driven regional carbon emissions prediction model is proposed. The Grubbs criterion is used to eliminate the gross error data in carbon emissions sensor data. Then, according to the nearby valid data, the exponential smoothing method is used to interpolate the missing values to generate the continuous sequence for model training. Finally, the GRU network, which is a deep learning method, is used to process these sequential standardized data to obtain the prediction model. In this paper, the wireless carbon sensor network monitoring data set from August 2012 to April 2014 trained and evaluated the prediction model, and compared with the prediction model based on BP network. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the research method and related technical approaches, and the accuracy of the prediction model, which provides a method basis for the nowcasting of carbon emissions and other greenhouse gas environmental data.
Improved Diastolic Dysfunction is Associated with Higher Forward Flow and Better Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Dini Frank L , Ballo Piercarlo , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Bytyçi Ibadete , D'Agostino Andreina , Bajraktari Gani , Pedrinelli Roberto , Henein Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim. In patients with chronic heart failure (HF), the benefit of repeating the assessment of left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic function over time remains uncertain. We assessed the prognostic value of repeated echocardiographic assessment of LV filling pressure (LVFP) and its interaction with cardiac index (CI) in ambulatory patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)Methods and results. We enrolled 367 patients (age 68±11 years; 22% female) with chronic HFrEF. Patients underwent a clinical and echocardiographic examination at baseline and were re-evaluated after 6±3 months. The 2016 recommendations were used to estimate normal or increased LVFP. CI was evaluated as the product of LV outflow tract area and velocity-time integral multiplied by heart rate and divided by body surface area. After the second examination, patients were followed for a median of 30 months. The study endpoint included all-cause death and hospitalization for worsening HF. Patients who normalized LVFP or showed persistently normal LVFP at the follow-up examination had a significantly lower mortality rate than those with worsening or persistently raised LVFP. After further stratification by CI, patients with elevated LVFP and CI <2.0 L/min/m2 had a further worse outcome than those with elevated LVFP and CI ≥ 2.0 L/min/m2. Multivariate survival analysis confirmed an independent prognostic impact of changes in LVFP, incremental to that of established clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic predictors. Conclusions. Repeated evaluation based on a full diastolic function assessment of LVFP and CI significantly improved risk stratification of stable HFrEF outpatients compared to baseline evaluation.
A Pilot Study on DNA Methylation in Pediatric HAdV-7-induced Sepsis
Authors: Huang Bolun , Chen Feiyan , Dang Run , Yang Wenmin , Peng Hongyan , Zhang Chunmin , Zuo Yunlong , Hong Jie , Zhao Mingqi , Chen Yi , Yang Yiyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the most common respiratory pathogens affecting children. HAdV infection has high morbidity and mortality, and it may lead to severe complications and long-term pulmonary sequelae. However, the pathogenesis of pediatric HAdV-7-induced sepsis remains unclear. The analysis of DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood is attracting increasing attention as an effective method for investigating the pathogenesis of various diseases and identifying biomarkers of disease progression. Here, we performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to analyze DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples collected from 11 children with HAdV-7-induced sepsis and 5 healthy children. The Metilene software was used to analyze differential methylation in the two groups. We also performed functional enrichment analysis of the genes with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We detected 1,138 DMRs between the two groups. Additionally, 122 DMRs were detected between the HAdV-7-induced sepsis survivor and non-survivor groups. After screening based on biological and clinical significance, we found that a group of genes (KCNQ1OT1, KPNB1, GRB10, HOXA5, HOXA4, and BCL9L) with differential methylation played an essential role in Wnt signaling. Additionally, genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, such as MEG3, GNAS-AS1, and GNAS, exhibited differential methylation in the survivor and non-survivor groups. Our data suggest that specific patterns of DNA methylation are associated with the occurrence and progression of HAdV-7-induced sepsis. Wnt signaling was also affected by the changes in methylation. Thus, we identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pediatric HAdV-7-induced sepsis.
Blue-shifted Deep Ocean Currents in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Amol P. , Jain Vineet , Aparna S G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spectra from two decades of zonal current data at ∼ 4000 m in the central and western equatorial Indian Ocean show a shift in the dominant frequencies from the west to the east. The 120–180-day period is stronger at 77ºE , the 60–120-day period at 83ºE, and the 30–90-day period at 93ºE. The weakening of lower frequencies near the eastern boundary can be explained using theoretical ray paths of Kelvin waves and reflected Rossby waves. The equatorial Kelvin wave forced by winds reflects from the eastern boundary as Rossby waves with different meridional modes. After reflection, the low (high) frequency Rossby beams travel a larger (shorter) distance before reaching the bottom, thereby creating a shadow zone, a region with low wave energy, between the ray path and the eastern boundary. The shift in frequency with longitude is not evident in the top 1000 m, where the current is dominated by the semi-annual cycle.
A Quantitative Model for Option Sell-Side Trading with Stop-Loss Mechanism by Using Random Forest
Authors: Chao Chi-Fang , Wang Yu-Chen , Wu Mu-En 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to the characteristics of high leverage and low margin, option is very suitable for quantitative trading by applying portfolio management to control the profit and risk. The money management is an important issue to build a portfolio especially for option sell-side trader, since the profit is only the premium, while the loss is unlimited. In this research, we propose a model for option sell-side strategy to estimate the win-rate of option by the premium, time to maturity, and volatility based on statistical approach and random forest algorithm. The prediction of the model is visualized through heatmap which can reveal the profitable trading range intuitively, we use the precision score to evaluate the performance in these two models and proof the effectiveness and robustness of predictive model proposed by random forest algorithm. In the future, we plan to apply other machine learning algorithm to propose the predictive model for spread trading.
S2 Alar Iliac Screw and S1 Pedicle Screw Fixation for the Treatment of Sacral Fractures : A Finite Element Study
Authors: Zheng Jianxiong , Feng Xiaoreng , Xiang Jie , Liu Fei , Leung Frankie K L , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Five different sacral fracture fixation methods were compared using finite element (FE) analysis to study their biomechanical characteristics.Methods: Denis type I sacral fractures were created by FE modeling. Five different fixation methods for the posterior pelvic ring were simulated: sacroiliac screw (SIS), lumbopelvic fixation (LPF), transiliac internal fixator (TIFI), S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw and S1 pedicle screw fixation (S2AI-S1), and S2AI screw and contralateral S1 pedicle screw fixation (S2AI-CS1). Four different loading methods were implemented in sequence to simulate the force in standing, flexion, right bending, and left twisting, respectively. Vertical stiffness, relative displacement, and change in relative displacement were recorded and analyzed.Results: As predicted by the FE model, the vertical stiffness of the five groups in descending order were S2AI-S1, SIS, S2AI-CS1, LPF, TIFI. In terms of relative displacement, S2AI-S1 and S2AI-CS1 groups displayed a smaller mean relative displacement, although the S2AI-CS1 group exhibited greater displacement in the upper sacrum than the S2AI-S1 group. The SIS group displayed a moderate mean relative displacement, although the displacement of the upper sacrum was smaller than that of the S2AI-CS1 group. The LPF and TIFI groups displayed larger mean relative displacements. In terms of change in relative displacement, the TIFI and LPF groups displayed the greatest fluctuations in their motion, while the SIS, S2AI-S1, and S2AI-CS1 groups displayed smaller fluctuations.Conclusion: Compared with SIS, unilateral LPF and TIFI, S2AI-S1 displayed the greatest biomechanical stability of the FE models and can be used as a new method for the treatment of sacral fractures. When the S1 pedicle screw insertion point on the affected side is damaged, S2AI-CS1 can be used as a good alternative to S2AI-S1.
Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis Melo (L). Fruit Extract and Its Silver Nanopartciles Against Den Induced Hepatocellular Cancer in Rats
Authors: Vidya R , Kalaivani K , Amudha P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have a wide range of biological activities and using nanoparticles as one of the novel approaches in cancer therapy. In this present research work, the anticancer efficacy of Cucumis melo fruit extract and its silver nanoparticles was explored. Wistar rats were divided into six groups and hepatic cancer was induced with 0.01 % DEN (diethylnitrosamine) through drinking water for 16 weeks. Cyclophosphamide was given as the standard drug at the dose of 50 mg / kg body weight. Hematological Parameters showed a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), and platelets (PLTS) levels except white blood cell (WBC) in DEN induced cancer animals. Significant alterations in the hematological parameters were observed after treatment which indicate the protective effect of Cucumis melo fruit on the hemopoietic system. The levels of liver function markers such as transaminases (AST ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT and 5’NT were significantly elevated in serum and liver of cancer bearing rats. Treatment with crude extract and silver nanoparticles of Cucumis melo fruit, indicating that Cucumis melo fruit could have exerted its protective effect. The levels of serum tumor markers viz., Alpha feto protein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) elevated in rats induced with DEN, which then were reduced following Cucumis melo fruit treatment, indicating the anticancer activity of the drug. Histological evaluation of liver and kidney were also performed to authenticate the present work.
Fixel-Based Analysis of White Matter Alterations in Early- Stage Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Petersen Marvin , Frey Benedikt M. , Mayer Carola , Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen , Hanning Uta , Fiehler Jens , Borof Katrin , Jagodzinski Annika , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cause of morbidity and cognitive decline in the elderly population. However, characterizing the disease pathophysiology and its association with potential clinical sequelae in early stages is less well explored. We applied fixel-based analysis (FBA), a novel framework of investigating microstructural white matter integrity by diffusion-weighted imaging, to data of 921 participants of the Hamburg City Health Study, comprising middle-aged individuals with increased cerebrovascular risk in early stages of CSVD. In individuals in the highest quartile of white matter hyperintensity loads (n=232, median age 63 years; IQR 15.3 years), FBA detected significantly reduced axonal density and increased atrophy of transcallosal fiber tracts, the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corticospinal tracts compared to participants in the lowest quartile of white matter hyperintensities (n=228, mean age 55 years; IQR 10 years). Analysis of all participants (N=921) demonstrated a significant association between reduced fiber density and worse executive functions operationalized by the Trail Making Test. Findings were confirmed by complementary analysis of diffusion tensor metrics.
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis
Authors: Taïeb David , Lasbleiz Adele , Paladino Nunzia Cinzia , Romanet Pauline , Castinetti Frédéric , Cuny Thomas , Sebag Frédéric 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder classically characterized by lifelong mild-to-moderate asymptomatic hypercalcemia with inappropriately normal to elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and hypocalciuria, best expressed by a urine calcium-to-creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR)<0.01[1,2]. FHH prevalence is estimated between 1:10 000 to 1:100 000[3,4]. In 60% of cases, FHH is due to CASR inactivating mutation[5]. More rarely FHH is due to AP2S1 or GNA11 inactivating mutation, both genes encoding for proteins involved downstream of CASR activation[6]. These molecular alterations are found in all parathyroid cells, explaining disease persistence following partial parathyroidectomy and the ineffective surgical management of these patients. FHH phenotypes could however overlap with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Indeed, even if patients with FHH are currently asymptomatic, some of them present chondrocalcinosis, kidney stones or bone fracture and very high level of PTH or calcemia[7]. Nonetheless, the distinction has to be adressed since the therapeutic approach significantly differs between these two conditions. Surgery is usually recommended for PHPT[8] while follow-up is preferred in the latter case[9,10]. We report and discuss 7 cases, 6 out 7 being operated for a presumed PHPT.