bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy morphological classification catalogue of the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cheng Ting-Yun , Conselice Christopher J , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Aguena M , Allam S , Andrade-Oliveira F , Annis J , Bluck A F L , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Choi A , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Drlica-Wagner A , Eckert K , Everett S , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Maia M A G , March M , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present in this paper one of the largest galaxy morphological classification catalogues to date, including over 20 million galaxies, using the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Monochromatic i-band DES images with linear, logarithmic, and gradient scales, matched with debiased visual classifications from the Galaxy Zoo 1 (GZ1) catalogue, are used to train our CNN models. With a training set including bright galaxies (16 ≤ i &lt; 18) at low redshift (z &lt; 0.25), we furthermore investigate the limit of the accuracy of our predictions applied to galaxies at fainter magnitude and at higher redshifts. Our final catalogue covers magnitudes 16 ≤ i &lt; 21, and redshifts z &lt; 1.0, and provides predicted probabilities to two galaxy types – ellipticals and spirals (disc galaxies). Our CNN classifications reveal an accuracy of over 99 per cent for bright galaxies when comparing with the GZ1 classifications (i &lt; 18). For fainter galaxies, the visual classification carried out by three of the co-authors shows that the CNN classifier correctly categorizes discy galaxies with rounder and blurred features, which humans often incorrectly visually classify as ellipticals. As a part of the validation, we carry out one of the largest examinations of non-parametric methods, including ∼100 ,000 galaxies with the same coverage of magnitude and redshift as the training set from our catalogue. We find that the Gini coefficient is the best single parameter discriminator between ellipticals and spirals for this data set.
High levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among isolated populations of Fontigens (Truncatelloidea: Emmericiidae) in eastern USA
Authors: Liu Hsiu-Ping , Schroeder Lori , Berry Andrew , Dillon Robert T 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Populations of the minute emmericiid gastropod Fontigens inhabit isolated springs, caves and groundwaters widely scattered across eastern and midwestern USA. Nine species are currently recognized, with a tenth species, Fontigens cryptica, of uncertain status. Here, we survey intrapopulation, interpopulation and interspecific sequence variation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I among six of the nine species (13 populations, 87 individuals), documenting up to 14.4% sequence divergence among conspecific populations. Interspecific divergence ranges from 8.7% to 21.9%. We also include in our analysis a single putative individual of F. cryptica, recently sampled from Kentucky, evaluating whether the population it represents may be genetically distinct. Fit within a larger phylogenetic context, the 14.4% sequence divergence demonstrated between this individual and its nearest neighbour, F. bottimeri sampled from Washington, DC, supports the specific status of F. cryptica.
Parallel and comparative non-targeted metabolomic speciation analysis of metalloids and their non-metal analogues by HPLC-ICPMS/MS in mushrooms
Authors: Lajin Bassam , Braeuer Simone , Goessler Walter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS/MS), the potential for non-targeted elemental metabolomic analysis has been expanded to many non-metals of pivotal biological importance. Arsenic and selenium are trace elements that share chemical similarity with the non-metals phosphorus and sulfur, respectively, and this similarity can be exploited to gain more insight into the incompletely understood biological significance of these metalloids and the evolution of their biochemical pathways. As a proof of concept, we show the applicability of HPLC-ICPMS/MS for non-targeted and parallel speciation analysis of arsenic, selenium, phosphorus, and sulfur in mushrooms—metabolically diverse organisms. Incredibly contrasting levels of diversity were found in the metabolomic profiles of the four investigated elements among the various species along with sharp discrepancies among related elements (e.g. phosphorous vs. arsenic) in certain mushroom species. The present work shows that ICPMS/MS offers a new dimension in non-targeted metabolomic analysis and enables a unique comparative approach in investigating and tracking the biochemistry of related elements in moderately complex organisms.
Role of a cryptic tRNA gene operon in survival under translational stress
Authors: Santamaría-Gómez Javier , Rubio Miguel Ángel , López-Igual Rocío , Romero-Losada Ana B , Delgado-Chaves Fernando M , Bru-Martínez Roque , Romero-Campero Francisco J , Herrero Antonia , Ibba Michael , Ochoa de Alda Jesús A G , Luque Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As compared to eukaryotes, bacteria have a reduced tRNA gene set encoding between 30 and 220 tRNAs. Although in most bacterial phyla tRNA genes are dispersed in the genome, many species from distinct phyla also show genes forming arrays. Here, we show that two types of arrays with distinct evolutionary origins exist. This work focuses on long tRNA gene arrays (L-arrays) that encompass up to 43 genes, which disseminate by horizontal gene transfer and contribute supernumerary tRNA genes to the host. Although in the few cases previously studied these arrays were reported to be poorly transcribed, here we show that the L-array of the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, encoding 23 functional tRNAs, is largely induced upon impairment of the translation machinery. The cellular response to this challenge involves a global reprogramming of the transcriptome in two phases. tRNAs encoded in the array are induced in the second phase of the response, directly contributing to cell survival. Results presented here show that in some bacteria the tRNA gene set may be partitioned between a housekeeping subset, which constantly sustains translation, and an inducible subset that is generally silent but can provide functionality under particular conditions.
Multimodality imaging in subclavian steal syndrome
Authors: Shemesh Elad , Karkabi Basheer , Zissman Keren 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Subclavian steal syndrome is a rare vascular cause of recurrent effort-related syncope events, affecting ~2% of the general population. Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old male who was hospitalized because of recurrent effort-related syncope events. Physical examination revealed several characteristic clinical clues for subclavian steal syndrome. Indeed, through the use of multimodality imaging, the diagnosis was established. We demonstrate that the combination of history taking, thorough physical exam and subsequent imaging studies can establish a relatively rare diagnosis of recurrent syncope.
Iatrogenic tracheal rupture after extubation in the context of acute decompensated heart failure and cardiac device implantation: a case report
Authors: Kuridze Nika , Etsadashvili Kakhaber , Minadze Eteri , Gonjilashvili Nani , Tsverava Mikheil 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Iatrogenic tracheal rupture is a life-threatening airway complication. It has a very low reported incidence and is more prevalent in women and patients over 50 years of age. The most frequent clinical manifestations of tracheal injury are subcutaneous emphysema and respiratory distress. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator implantation under general anesthesia. Shortly after extubation, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema appeared. The X-ray showed pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and pneumoperitoneum. The tracheal rupture was confirmed by bronchoscopy. After conservative treatment, the patient's well-being improved, and she was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition.
Petroclival Meningiomas: A Simple System That Could Help in Selecting the Approach
Authors: Guinto Gerardo , Hernández Eli , Estrada Eric , Gallardo David , Kageyama Miguel , Aréchiga Norma , Guinto-Nishimura Gerardo Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Petroclival meningiomas (PCM) represent a neurosurgical challenge due to their strategic location close to the brainstem.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the applicability of a retrosigmoid approach (RSA) by analyzing the degree of displacement of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) elicited by PCM.

METHODS
Patients with PCM were prospectively included and divided into those whose imaging studies showed that the posterior end of the MCP was displaced by the tumor and were eligible for and underwent RSA (group A) and those who were not eligible for RSA and who underwent surgery via a posterior transpetrosal approach (group B). We compared tumor behavior, clinical characteristic of patients and surgical results.

RESULTS
Twenty patients with PCM were enrolled and allocated to group A (n = 15) or group B (n = 5). The clinical manifestations were more severe in group B; tumors in this group were larger and gross total removal was achieved in only 1 patient (20%). In comparison, in 12 cases on group A, tumors could be totally removed (80%) and all of these patients could recover their quality of life after surgery.

CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this study is the first to consider displacement of the MCP when establishing a suitable surgical approach for PCM. Our results suggest that the RSA becomes increasingly suitable when peduncle displacement is greater. By using this method, it was also possible to identify two types of tumors: petroclivals (group A) and clivopetrosals (group B), that show some specific clinical and surgical differences.
Stereotactic Electroencephalography Implantation Through Nonautologous Cranioplasty: Proof of Concept
Authors: Mallela Arka N , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Nayar Gautam M , Luy Diego D , Barot Niravkumar , González-Martínez Jorge A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an effective method to define the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Typical placement requires passing and anchoring electrodes through native skull.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the successful placement of SEEG electrodes in patients without native bone. To the best of our knowledge, the use of SEEG in patients with nonautologous cranioplasties has not been described.

METHODS
We describe 3 cases in which SEEG was performed through nonautologous cranioplasty. The first is a 30-yr-old male with a titanium mesh cranioplasty following a left pterional craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. The second is a 51-yr-old female who previously underwent lesionectomy of a ganglioglioma with mesh cranioplasty and subsequent recurrence of her seizures. The third is a 31-yr-old male with a polyether ether ketone cranioplasty following decompressive hemicraniectomy for trauma.

RESULTS
SEEG was performed successfully in all three cases without intraoperative difficulties or complications and with excellent electroencephalogram recording and optimal localization of the seizure focus. The EZ was successfully localized in all three patients. There were no limitations related to drilling or inserting the guiding bolt/electrode through the nonautologous cranioplasties.

CONCLUSION
SEEG through nonautologous cranioplasties was clinically feasible, safe, and effective in our series. The presence of nonautologous bone cranioplasty should not preclude such patients from undergoing SEEG explorations.
Metachronous Skull Base Paraganglioma Surgical Management: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Paragangliomas (PGLs) are benign hypervascular tumors that can develop in head and neck at different locations, primarily in the carotid bifurcation, jugular bulb, tympanic plexus, and vagal ganglia.
1
Different gene mutations have been linked to the familial inherited forms, which can represent approximately 30% of all PGLs.
1,2
These are classified into 5 different clinical syndromes: PGL 1 to 5.
1
These patients have increased risk for synchronous and metachronous lesions requiring an extensive work-up for hormone secretion and other associated neoplasms, as well as attentive follow-up for lifelong management.
1,3
Surgical resection is the best treatment option as it can be curative when the resection is total.
2-4
Preservation of the lower cranial nerve function is central to the management of head and neck PGLs, given the gravity of bilateral injuries.
3
Irradiation therapy should be considered if the risk for bilateral lower cranial nerve injuries is high.
5
Surgically, intrabulbar resection with preservation of the medial wall of the jugular bulb protects the lower cranial nerve function.
3
Other technical finesses, including maintaining the facial nerve in its bony fallopian canal (facial bridge), avoiding carotid artery sacrifice, preservation of the ear canal, and preoperative embolization, contributed markedly to outcome improvement.
2,3
We report a case of a 34-yr-old male with PGL 3 with a left glomus jugulare tumor that recurred and a right carotid body tumor. Patient consented to surgery and photography.
Image at 3:44 republished from Al-Mefty and Teixeira,
3
with permission from JSNPG.
Simpson Grade I Resection of Type II Clinoidal Meningioma Through Cranio-orbital Zygomatic Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Clinoidal meningiomas have been considered as a separate entity with distinguishing clinical, radiological, and surgical considerations.
1–2
Surgical mortality and morbidity associated with anterior clinoidal meningiomas has remained high in the past, with radical resection considered unattainable.
3
However, the extent of surgical removal is clearly the most determining factor in tumor recurrence and progression. Clinoidal meningiomas have been classified into 3 types according to their origin from the dura surface of the anterior clinoid and subsequent arachnoidal rearrangement around the parasellar neurovascular structures.
1
In type II, there is an arachnoidal plane that allows the tumor dissection from the encased carotid artery and its branches and the optic nerve. In this type, the involvement of the cavernous sinus is limited to the external wall, which can also be removed. Hence, these tumors are amenable to Simpson grade I resection (tumor, dura, and bone).
Approaching through the multidirectional axis provided by the cranio-orbital zygomatic approach allows safe exposure of the tumor and vascular control.
4-5
Proximal carotid control is obtained in the petrous carotid canal, the invaded anterior clinoid is removed by and large extradurally, and the Sylvian fissure is split wide open to establish dissecting planes with the middle cerebral artery branches. The optic canal is opened, and tumor extension is removed.
6
The invaded outer wall of the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure is removed. We demonstrate this technique in a 48-yr-old patient who consented for surgery and publication of images.
All images at 2:27, center and right images at 2:46, and all images at 2:58, reused with permission from LWW, from Al-Mefty, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas.
Left image at 2:46 reprinted from Surg Neurol, Vol 60/issue 6, Arnautović KI, Al-Mefty O, Angtuaco E, A combined microsurgical skull-base and endovascular approach to giant and large paraclinoid aneurysms, pp. 504–520, Copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier.
Image at 8:21 reprinted from Al-Mefty,1 Clinoidal meningiomas, by permission from JNSPG.
Role of layer thickness and field-effect mobility on photoresponsivity of indium selenide (InSe)-based phototransistors
Authors: Wasala Milinda , Patil Prasanna , Ghosh Sujoy , Weber Lincoln , Lei Sidong , Talapatra Saikat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding and optimizing the properties of photoactive two-dimensional (2D) Van der Waals solids is crucial for developing optoelectronics applications. The main goal of this work is to present a detailed investigation of layer dependent photoconductive behavior of indium selenide (InSe)-based field-effect transistors (FETs). InSe-based FETs with five different channel thicknesses (t, 20 nm &lt; t &lt; 100 nm) were investigated with a continuous laser source of λ = 658 nm (1.88 eV) over a wide range of illumination power (Peff) of 22.8 nW &lt; P &lt; 1.29 μW. All the devices studied showed signatures of photogating; however, our investigations suggest that the photoresponsivities are strongly dependent on the thickness of the conductive channel. A correlation between the field-effect mobility (µFE) values (as a function of channel thickness, t) and photoresponsivity (R) indicates that in general R increases with increasing µFE (decreasing t) and vice versa. Maximum responsivities of ∼7.84 A/W and ∼0.59 A/W were obtained the devices with t = 20 nm and t = 100 nm, respectively. These values could substantially increase under the application of a gate voltage. The structure–property correlation-based studies presented here indicate the possibility of tuning the optical properties of InSe-based photo-FETs for a variety of applications related to photodetector and/or active layers in solar cells.
Finance as a friend, enemy and stranger in the US Economy, 1952–2019
Authors: Akan Taner , Hepsag Aycan , Bozoklu Seref , Mollaahmetoğlu Ebubekir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article aimed to illustrate that the role of the finance sector in an economic system can be explained more systemically and systematically in the context of its interaction with macroeconomic governance, based on the case of the USA from 1952Q1 to 2019Q2. The article introduced two modes of economic governance based on negative and positive institutional complementarities, developed its hypotheses built on a structural analysis of the long-run relationship between the finance sector and macroeconomic governance within the frame of these two modes, and quantitatively tested the hypotheses using time-series cointegration analysis. The article concluded that the finance sector enhanced and impaired the US economic performance, respectively, in the periods 1952Q1–1973Q4 and 1980Q1–2007Q4, and that its long-run relationship with the US economic performance disappeared in the period 2008Q1–2019Q2.
Evaluation of Epidemiological, Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Göktuğ Aytaç , Güngör Ali , Öz Fatma Nur , Akelma Zülfikar , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Bodur İlknur , Öztürk Betül , Tekeli Aysun , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Patients with a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test between 11 March 2020 and 31 December 2020 were evaluated.

Results
During the study period, 3118 patients underwent PCR tests, and 621 of them (19.9%) were positive. Of the patients with a positive test result, 335 were male (53.9%), the median age was 11 years. There were 308 (49.6%) patients that had a history of household exposure. The mean time between the onset of the patients complaints and the diagnosis was 1.88 ± 1.16 days. The most common symptoms were: fever (n = 424), cough (n = 419) and nasal symptoms (n = 157); loss of smell (3.5%) and taste (4.3%) were other symptoms observed in only patients aged 10 years or older. The most common abnormal laboratory finding was lymphopenia (n = 29, 36.7%). Of the 621 patients, the vast majority (n = 546, 87.9%) were classified as mild COVID-19 disease. There was a significant relationship between disease severity and age and comorbidity (p = 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Only 34 patients (5.5%) were admitted to hospital, and two patients were followed-up with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The mortality rate was 0.32%.

Conclusion
COVID-19 can cause different symptoms in children. Although the disease generally causes a mild clinic presentation, it should be kept in mind that it may be more severe especially in children with comorbidities.
Visceral Toxocariasis Presenting as Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Dhayalini Raj , Delhikumar C G , Biswal Niranjan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An 8-year-old boy presented with intermittent fever, abdominal pain and joint pain for 1 month. On examination, he had pallor, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and arthritis. Investigations revealed anemia, leucocytosis, hypereosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia, with an elevation of inflammatory markers. Initially, suspected as systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and on further probing, the child had geophagy and contact with dogs in the household. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed multiple cystic lesions, and serology for Toxocara canis was positive; hence the child was diagnosed with visceral toxocariasis and managed with albendazole therapy.
The spatial-temporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus infections across the east–west coasts of Australia during 2016–17
Authors: Robertson Mark , Eden John-Sebastian , Levy Avram , Carter Ian , Tulloch Rachel L , Cutmore Elena J , Horsburgh Bethany A , Sikazwe Chisha T , Dwyer Dominic E , Smith David W , Kok Jen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human respiratory pathogen. In temperate regions, a distinct seasonality is observed, where peaks of infections typically occur in early winter, often preceding the annual influenza season. Infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and in some populations exceed that of influenza. Two subtypes, RSV-A and RSV-B, have been described, and molecular epidemiological studies have shown that both viruses mostly co-circulate. This trend also appears to be the case for Australia; however, previous genomic studies have been limited to cases from one Eastern state—New South Wales. As such, the broader spatial patterns and viral traffic networks across the continent are not known. Here, we conducted a whole-genome study of RSV comparing strains across eastern and Western Australia during the period January 2016 to June 2017. In total, 96 new RSV genomes were sequenced, compiled with previously generated data, and examined using a phylodynamic approach. This analysis revealed that both RSV-A and RSV-B strains were circulating, and each subtype was dominated by a single genotype, RSV-A ON1-like and RSV-B BA10-like viruses. Some geographical clustering was evident in strains from both states with multiple distinct sub-lineages observed and relatively low mixing across jurisdictions, suggesting that endemic transmission was likely seeded from imported, unsampled locations. Overall, the RSV phylogenies reflected a complex pattern of interactions across multiple epidemiological scales from fluid virus traffic across global and regional networks to fine-scale local transmission events.