bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single-Center Description of Pediatric Transfusion Reactions and Preventable Patient Harm
Authors: Johns Claire , Bakhtary Sara , Wu Ruobin , Nedelcu Elena 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
In previous studies, researchers highlight that children have higher rates of transfusion reactions than adults. However, little is known about the pediatric populations that experience reactions, and there are no reports that consider appropriateness of pediatric transfusions in relation to preventable harm. With this study, we aim to describe pediatric transfusion reactions occurring at an academic institution and to quantify transfusion reactions that resulted from inappropriate transfusion indications, thereby identifying an area of potentially preventable patient harm (PPH).

METHODS
This is a case series of acute transfusion reactions in pediatric patients at a single institution from January 2018 to December 2019. We reviewed patient data, clinical documentation, and transfusion reaction reports to determine the appropriateness of transfusions and calculate PPH.

RESULTS
A total 155 acute transfusion reactions occurred in 106 pediatric patients, amounting to a total reaction rate of 544 of 100 000 transfusions. In 65% of reactions, the indication for transfusion was appropriate by institutional standards; 23% had questionable indication; and 12% were not indicated. The rate of potential PPH from inappropriate transfusions was 67 of 100 000 transfusions.

CONCLUSIONS
Transfusion reactions that occur during inappropriately ordered blood transfusions represent PPH. Efforts should be made to develop transfusion guidelines, standardize practice, and educate physicians to prevent transfusion-related harm.
Defining Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Spina Bifida: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forster Catherine S. , Kowalewski Nina N. , Atienza Matthew , Reines Katy , Ross Sherry 
Published: November 2021

CONTEXT
Children with spina bifida are at high risk for urinary tract infections (UTI). However, there is no standardized definition of UTI in this population, leading to variability in both clinical management and research. This was highlighted in the 2013 systematic review on the same topic.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the frequency with which researchers are defining UTI in their studies of children with spina bifida and to determine what parameters are used.

DATA SOURCES
We searched Medline and Scopus databases for articles that included pediatric patients with spina bifida and used UTI as an outcome.

STUDY SELECTION
Exclusion criteria included publication before October 1, 2012, non-English language, and nonprimary research articles.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two independent reviewers each extracted data.

RESULTS
A total of 39 studies were included; 74% of these analyzed included an explicit definition of UTI. The most commonly used definition included a combination of symptoms and culture results (34.5%), whereas 31% used a combination of symptoms, culture results, and urinalysis data. Only 3.4% of articles used a urine culture alone to define UTI.

CONCLUSIONS
More articles that focus on children with spina bifida included a definition of UTI. However, significant variability persists in the definition of UTI in this patient population.
Assessing Medical Decision-Making Competence in Transgender Youth
Authors: Vrouenraets Lieke J.J.J. , de Vries Annelou L.C. , de Vries Martine C. , van der Miesen Anna I.R. , Hein Irma M. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUNDAccording to international transgender care guidelines, an important prerequisite for puberty suppression (PS) is transgender adolescents’ competence to give informed consent (IC). In society, there is doubt whether transgender adolescents are capable of this, which in some countries has even led to limited access to this intervention. Therefore, this study examined transgender adolescents’ medical decision-making competence (MDC) to give IC for starting PS in a structured, replicable way. Additionally, potential associated variables on MDC, such as age, intelligence, sex, psychological functioning, were investigated.METHODSA cross-sectional semistructured interview study with 74 transgender adolescents (aged 10–18 years; 16 birth-assigned boys, 58 birth-assigned girls) within two Dutch specialized gender-identity clinics was performed. To assess MDC, judgements based on the reference standard (clinical assessment) and the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T), a validated semistructured interview, were used.RESULTSOf the transgender adolescents, 93.2% (reference standard judgements; 69 of 74) and 89.2% (MacCAT-T judgements; 66 of 74) were assessed competent to consent. Intermethod agreement was 87.8% (65 of 74). Interrater agreements of the reference standard and MacCAT-T-based judgements were 89.2% (198 of 222) and 86.5% (192 of 222), respectively. IQ and sex were both significantly related to MacCAT-T total score, whereas age, level of emotional and behavioral challenges, and diagnostic trajectories duration were not.CONCLUSIONSBy using the MacCAT-T and clinicians’ assessments, 93.2% and 89.2%, respectively, of the transgender adolescents in this study were assessed competent to consent for starting PS.
Penentuan Target, Strategi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Optimalisasi Pajak Daerah
Authors: Effendi Fauzan , Ratnawati Vince , Basri Yesi Mutia 
Published: November 2021

The research aimed to analyze the suitability of local tax target setting with real potential, analyze strategies and factors that influence the optimization of the advertisement tax performance, swallow's nest tax, groundwater tax, and Non-Metal Mineral Tax in Pekanbaru City. The object of this study is the Pekanbaru City Regional Revenue Agency and four objects/subjects of local taxes studied in Pekanbaru City. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. This research shows that the target setting of Advertising Tax, Swallow's Nest Tax, Groundwater Tax, and Non-Metal Mineral and Rock Tax has not been adjusted to the real potential. The performance reports of each Regional Tax studied were inadequate in relation to the strategies implemented, which made it difficult for the Regional Revenue Agency to make effective and efficient decisions. The factors that influence tax optimization are the inadequate organizational structure, updating of the taxation database, human resources, the use of information technology, strengthening regulations, and supporting infrastructure.Keywords: Local Tax; Target; Strategy; Constraints. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian penetapan target pajak daerah dengan potensi ril, menganalisis strategi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi optimalisasi kinerja Pajak Reklame, Pajak Sarang Burung Walet, Pajak Air Tanah; dan Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam di Kota Pekanbaru. Objek Penelitian ini adalah Aparatur Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Pekanbaru dan 4 objek/ Subjek pajak daerah yang diteliti di Kota Pekanbaru. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penetapan target Pajak Reklame, Pajak Sarang Burung Walet, Pajak Air Tanah; dan Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan batuan belum disesuaikan dengan potensi ril. Laporan kinerja masing-masing Pajak Daerah yang diteliti belum memadai terkait strategi yang telah dilakukan sehingga menyulitkan Badan Pendapatan Daerah dalam pengambilan keputusan yang efektif dan efisien. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi optimalisasi pajak tersebut adalah belum memadainya struktur organisasi, pemutakhiran data base perpajakan, kondisi Sumber Daya Manusia, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi, Penguatan Regulasi dan sarana prasarana pendukung.Kata Kunci: Pajak Daerah; Target; Strategi; Kendala.
Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of oral desloratadine, rupatadine and ketotifen in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Khadeer Syed , Jagannath B 
Published: November 2021

Rhinitis is inflammation of nasal mucosa which characteristically presents as running nose, blocked nose, itching on nose or sneezing. Allergic rhinitis is more common than non-allergic rhinitis. Anti-histamines are the mainstay of SAR treatment. Desloratadine, rupatadine and ketotifen are the commonly prescribed anti histamines in our region. In this study, we have compared efficacy and tolerability of desloratadine, rupatadine and ketotifen in SAR. This was a prospective, randomized, three arm, open label comparative study of desloratadine, rupatadine and ketotifen in SAR, conducted at Department of ENT, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore; between January 2014 and December 2014. Patients’ severity of SAR symptoms were assessed by TNSS, QoL was measured using Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire (SF-12). SF-12 was administered at the start of study and then at the end of study. Adverse effects were monitored during clinical examination at each visit. Study subjects were systemically randomized into three groups – desloratadine (DES), rupatadine (RUP) and ketotifen (KET). Based on the assigned group; desloratadine was given orally in dose of 10mg OD, rupatadine orally 10 mg OD and ketotifen orally 1mg BD. All medications were given for 4 weeks. Follow up was done for all patients every week during treatment period of 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in mean TNSS from baseline; secondary outcome measures were changes in the individual nasal symptom scores, change in the quality of life and tolerability to the study medications. Total 150 patients were recruited for this study, divided into 3 groups. DES and RUP were equally effective but significantly better than KET in improving rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, TNSS and AEC. (p=0.05). All the drugs were equally effective with no statistically significant intergroup difference in improving sneezing, nasal itching and QoL. RUP appeared to have better tolerability as the total number of adverse events were marginally less. DES and RUP are comparatively more effective and faster acting than KET. All the study medications were well tolerated with few mild, self-limiting, transient adverse events requiring no intervention.
Potential Phytochemical Inhibitor from Allium cepa for the Medication of COVID-19 using In-Silico Approach
Authors: Fitriani Ika Nur , Utami Wiji 
Published: November 2021

Infection of extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 triggers Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has adverse consequences on persons and is getting worse in all nations. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of in-silico approach of phytochemical inhibitor used to fight COVID-19 pathway inhibition. In medicinal plants, there are many phytochemicals, however the bioactive mechanism remains uncertain. In-silico experiments offer additional evidence to confirm the inhibition of medicinal plants. Molecular docking was used to evaluate phytoconstituents from Allium cepa as COVID-19 M-pro inhibitor, compared to remdesivir (standard drug). STITCH database used to predict the interaction network process of the most potential compound. The most potential compound was oleanolic acid. Oleanolic acid with a docking score of -9.20 kcal/mol was reported as anti-COVID-19 activity. This docking score was higher than remdesivir. Oleanolic acid interacted with GLU166, CYS44, HIS41, and THR25 via the hydrogen bond. From STITCH Database, oleanolic acid interact with CASP-9, XIAP, CASP-3 signalling pathway. Oleanolic acid from Allium cepa has been reported as a possible COVID-19 M-pro inhibitor and should be studied in future studies. The experiment indicates that phytochemical inhibitor can be helpful in the medication of COVID-19.
Observations of the Nonclassical Feature of Photon Bunching on a Beam Splitter using Coherent Photons along the Same Input Port
Authors: Kim Sangbae , Ham Byoung S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the most striking quantum phenomena is photon bunching resulting from coincidently impinging two-indistinguishable photons on a beam splitter (BS) from two different input ports. Such a nonclassical feature has also been observed even between two independent light sources through either coherence optics resulting in phase locking or post-selected measurements such as quantum beating-based gating. Recently, BS physics regarding quantum features has been discussed using pure coherence optics based on phase basis superposition of the BS. Here, we experimentally demonstrate coherent photon bunching on a BS, where coherent photons come from the same input port. Although the mean values of both output photons are uniform and equal to each other, the mean value of the coincidence measurements between two output photons results in the nonclassical feature of photon bunching at a 50% rate. For this unprecedented result, we discuss the origin of indistinguishability for this quantum feature using the wave nature of a photon to understand the role of a BS in quantum mechanics.
Real-time irradiation system using patterned light to actuate light-driven on-chip gel actuators
Authors: Koike Yuha , Kodera Shunnosuke , Yokoyama Yoshiyuki , Hayakawa Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A light-driven gel actuator is a potential candidate for a single-cell manipulation tool because it allows cells to be manipulated while ensuring less damage. Moreover, a large number of actuators can be integrated into a microfluidic chip because no wiring is required. Previously, we proposed a method for cell manipulation using light-driven gel actuators. However, the system used in the previous work did not allow the targeted cells to be manipulated in real time because the system used in the previous work could only irradiate preprogrammed patterned light. Moreover, when a large number of gel actuators are integrated into a chip, the Gaussian distribution of the laser light source results in the response characteristics of the gel actuators varying with the location of the actuator. In this work, we constructed a system that homogenized the intensity of the patterned light used for irradiation, allowing multiple gel actuators to be driven in parallel in real time. The intensity-homogenized patterned light improved the variations in the response characteristics of the gel actuators, and as a result, we succeeded in actuating gel actuators with various light patterns in real time.
Impact of parity, stage of lactation, and subclincal mastitis on the concentration of vitamin C in Shami camel milk
Authors: Semsmia Razan Majed , alrahim tarek abed , Al-Daker Al Moatasem Bellah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted at Deir Al-Hajar Research Station for Shami Camels, Administration of Livestock Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in the years 2019 and 2020 to describe the associations between vitamin C concentrations in milk, and either stage of lactation, parity or the presence of mastitis. For this purpose, thirty lactating Shami camels from different parities were used. Milk samples were collected monthly over one entire lactation season lasting 11 months. The concentration of vitamin C was 35.01±9.81 mg/l milk and ranged between 33.01 and 36.80 mg/L milk during considered parities without significant differences in its concentration .However, vitamin C concentration was affected by lactation month P<0.0.5, and the values ranged between 18.99 and 53.03 mg/l milk during the course of lactation. An evident decline in vitamin C concentration in camel milk appeared with positive interactions for California test by 20-50%. The average concentration of vitamin C in milk produced from healthy and infected udders was 35.01±9.81 mg/l and 22.99±1.30 mg/l, respectively.
Early Assessment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rabbits Based on Multi-Parameter Near-Field Coupling Sensing
Authors: Li Gen , Yin Shengtong , Jian Man , Chen Jingbo , Zeng Lingxi , Bai Zelin , Zhuang Wei , Xu Bingxin , He Shengjie , Sun Jian , Chen Yujie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Maintaining normal supply of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and preventing secondary damage caused by acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are essential to the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Nevertheless, there hasn’t been fully accepted method targeting continuous assessment of AIS in clinical. Methods: Near-field coupling (NFC) sensing can obtain the electromagnetic properties related to the volume of intracranial components with advantages of noninvasiveness, strong penetrability and real-time monitoring. In this work, we built a multi-parameter monitoring system that is able to measure the phase and amplitude changes in electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission. For investigating its feasibility in AIS detection, sixteen rabbits were chosen to establish AIS models by bilateral common carotid artery ligation and then were enrolled for monitoring experiments.Results: During the six hours after AIS, the reflection amplitude (RA) shows a decline trend with a range of 0.69dB and reflection phase (RP) has an increased variation of 6.48°. Meanwhile, transmission amplitude (TA) and transmission phase (TP) decrease 2.14dB and 24.29° respectively. The statistical analysis illustrates that before ligation, three hours after ligation and six hours after ligation can be effectively distinguished by the four parameters individually. When all those parameters are regarded as recognition features in BP network, the classification accuracy of the three different periods reaches almost 100%.Conclusion: These results prove the feasibility of multi-parameter NFC sensing to assess AIS, which is promised to become an outstanding point-of-care testing method in the future.
Phylogeny-Guided Microbiome OTU-Specific Association Test (POST)
Authors: Huang Caizhi , Callahan Benjamin John , Wu Michael C , Holloway Shannon T. , Brochu Hayden , Lu Wenbin , Peng Xinxia , Tzeng Jung-Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between host conditions and microbiome profiles, typically characterized by operational taxonomic units (OTUs), contains important information about the microbial role in human health. Traditional association testing frameworks are challenged by the high-dimensionality and sparsity of typical microbiome profiles. Incorporating phylogenetic information is often used to address these challenges with the assumption that evolutionarily similar taxa tend to behave similarly. However, this assumption may not always be valid due to the complex effect of microbes, and phylogenetic information should be incorporated in a data-supervised fashion. Results: In this work, we propose a local collapsing test called Phylogeny-guided microbiome OTU-Specific association Test (POST). In POST, whether or not to borrow information and how much information to borrow from the neighboring OTUs in the phylogenic tree are supervised by phylogenetic distance and the outcome-OTU association. POST is constructed under the kernel machine framework to accommodate complex OTU effects and extends kernel machine microbiome tests from community-level to OTU-level. Using simulation studies, we showed that when the phylogenetic tree is informative, POST has better performance than existing OTU-level association tests. When the phylogenetic tree is not informative, POST achieves similar performance as existing methods. Finally, we show that POST can identify more outcome-associated OTUs that are of biological relevance in real data applications on bacterial vaginosis and on preterm birth. Conclusions: Using POST, we show that the power of detecting associated microbiome features can be enhanced by adaptively leveraging the phylogenetic information when testing for a target OTU. We developed an user friendly R package POSTm which is now available at CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=POSTm) for public access.
An Iterative Technique to Solve Fuzzy Delay Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Yookesh T.L. , Latchoumi T.P. , K.Balamurugan  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this exploration work, we make an assessment on the get together of nonlinear Volterra fuzzy delay integro-differential conditions, with the help of an iterative technique. The outcome is contrasted with the precise outcome with verify the legitimacy and proficiency of the method to deal with nonlinear Volterra fuzzy delay integro-differential condition. To display the suitable highlights of this proposed system, a numerical worldview is represented.
Achieving a high share of non-hydro renewable integration in Brazil through wind power: regional growth and employment effects
Authors: Diniz Tiago , Couto Lilia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this policy brief we investigate the wind power development in Brazil and its effects on employment and regional growth. Using the CGE model TERM-BR10, we estimate that in the absence of the policy framework that supported wind power expansion there would have been a GDP loss of 0.15% nationally and of 1.1% in the Northeast region (which concentrates over 90% of wind installed capacity), with negative impacts to labour market mostly over skilled jobs.
Increased Biting Rate and Decreased Wolbachia Density in Irradiated Aedes Mosquitoes
Authors: Moretti Riccardo , Lampazzi Elena , Damiani Claudia , Fabbri Giulia , Lombardi Giulia , Pioli Claudio , Desiderio Angiola , Serrao Aurelio , Calvitti Maurizio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Releasing considerable numbers of radiation-sterilized males is a promising strategy to suppress mosquito vectors. However, releases may also include small percentages of biting females which translate to large numbers when releases are large.Currently, the effects of irradiation on the host-seeking and host-biting behaviors have not been exhaustively investigated. Information is also lacking regarding the effects of sterilizing treatment on the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, which is known to affect the vector competence of infected mosquitos.Methods: To ascertain the effects of irradiation on females, the pupae of two Aedes albopictus strains, differing in their natural or artificial Wolbachia infection type, and Ae. aegypti—which is not infected by Wolbachia—were treated with various doses of X-rays and monitored for key fitness parameters and biting behavior over a period of two weeks. The effect of radiation on Wolbachia was investigated by qPCR and FISH analysis.Results: Partial Ae. albopictus female sterility was achieved at 28 Gy but the number of weekly bites more than doubled compared to that of the controls. Radiation doses of 35 and 45 Gy completely inhibited progeny production but did not significantly affect the survival or flight ability of Ae. albopictus females and caused a tripling of the number of bites per female per week (compared to untreated controls). These results were also confirmed in Ae. aegypti after treatment at 50 Gy. Wolbachia density decreased significantly in 45-Gray-irradiated females, with the greatest decreases in the early irradiation group (26±2-hour-old pupae). Wolbachia density also decreased as adults aged. This trend was confirmed in ovaries but not in extra-ovarian tissues. FISH analysis showed a strongly reduced Wolbachia-specific fluorescence in the ovaries of 13±1-day-old females.Conclusions: These results suggest that, under SIT programs, the vector capacity of a target population could increase with the frequency of the irradiated females co-released with the sterile males due to an increased biting rate. In the context of a successful suppression, the related safety issues could be generally negligible, but they should be conservatively evaluated when large scale programs relying on imperfect sexing and high overflooding release ratios are run for long time in areas endemic for arboviral diseases. Also, the effects of irradiation on the vector competence deserve further investigation.