bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Self‐Rated Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes Indicators: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009‐2010)
Authors: Beasley Jeannette , Yi Stella , Firestone Melanie 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine associations between self‐rated diet quality and key health indicators within a nationally representative sample (NHANES 2009‐2010).Methods: Self‐rated diet quality was assessed as “In general, how healthy is your overall diet?; with five response levels – ‘excellent,’ ‘very good,’ ‘good,’ ‘fair,’ or ‘poor’ among adults in the NHANES 2009‐2010. Mean values of chronic disease health indicators were compared by category of self‐rated diet quality using analysis of variance.Results: Nearly one third (31.4%) report overall diet quality was ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’, 42.8% reported ‘good’, and 24.8% rated their diet quality as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’. Lower self‐rated diet quality was significantly associated with higher body mass index, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting blood glucose (Table 1).ConclusionsSelf‐rated diet quality may be a quick, inexpensive tool for identifying individuals at risk for diet‐related health conditions, detect broad changes in perceived diet quality among cohorts over time, and targeting interventions towards those most likely to participate in and benefit from diet‐related changes.Table 1. Self‐rated diet quality by type 2 diabetes indicators, NHANES 2009‐2010, mean (SE).

Risk Factor
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor

Body Mass Index, kg/m2
26.1 (0.4)
27.1 (0.3)*
28.8 (0.2)*
30.0 (0.2)*
31.8 (0.4)*

Waist Circumference, cm
92.1 (0.7)
94.0 (0.8)*
97.9 (0.4)*
101.1 (0.6)*
104.8 (0.8)*

Hemogobin A1c, %
5.5 (0.0)
5.5 (0.0)
5.6 (0.0)*
5.7 (0.0)*
5.8 (0.1)*

Fasting Blood Glucose, mg/dL
100.0 (1.6)
100.5 (1.4)
103.1 (0.9)
105.0 (0.8)*
109.9 (2.7)*

*P<0.05 by analysis of variance.
Impact of Maternal Prenatal Mineral Intake on Pubertal Onset in Mexican Children
Authors: Liu Jamie , Sánchez Brisa , Ettinger Adrienne , Cantoral Alejandra , Jones Andrew , Tellez‐Rojo Maria , Hu Howard , Peterson Karen 
Published: June 2021

Prenatal intake of minerals that affect sex hormone levels may be related to initiation of maturity in children. We examined the effects of maternal intakes of selenium (Se), vitamin B2, calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) during pregnancy on the pubertal onset at ages 8‐14 among 118 boys and 103 girls.Maternal dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Tanner stages for genitalia (G) and pubic hair (MP) in boys; breast (B) and pubic hair (FP) in girls were obtained by clinical observation. Girls self‐reported age at menarche (M). Multivariable logistic models the association between Se, B2, Ca or Fe and pubertal onset, adjusting for child age, maternal energy intake and socio‐economic status.Mean (±SD) maternal prenatal intake during pregnancy was 46.73±17.11µg Se, 2.12±0.75 mg B2, 1198.30±411.17mg Ca, and 13.24±4.42mg Fe. With 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in Se, odds of M increased by 7.90 (95%CI: 1.13‐55.12) whereas 1 SD increase in Fe decreased odds of M by 0.18 (95%CI: 0.03‐0.97). With 1 SD increase in B2, odds of G decreased by 0.19 (95%CI: 0.05‐0.72); 1 SD increase in Ca decreased odds of G by 0.20 (95%CI: 0.06‐0.65)Findings suggest prenatal selenium consumption may be positively associated with menarche. By contrast, iron, vitamin B2, and calcium intake during pregnancy may be related to delayed pubertal onset. Future research will focus on examining the relationships between these micronutrients and sex hormones in order to understand underlying mechanisms. NIEHS 1R01ES021446‐01, P20 ES018171‐01/RD834800, P01 ES02284401/RD 83543601
Dietary Quality in Nulliparous Women Planning Pregnancy: Results from the ISIS Study
Authors: Hsiao Pao Ying , Fung June , Mitchell Diane , Hartman Terryl , Goldman Marlene 
Published: June 2021

There is evidence that periconceptional health, including dietary quality (DQ), may affect conception and pregnancy outcome.We evaluated the association between DQ, as assessed by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI‐P) and conception and pregnancy outcomes in participants of the ISIS study, a prospective cohort study of healthy, nulliparous women (n = 132) who were planning their first pregnancy (mean age = 29.8 ± 3.2 y and BMI = 24.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2). Dietary data were collected prior to conception using a series of three unannounced, telephone 24‐hour dietary recalls. Outcomes of interest included confirmed clinical pregnancy (CCP; hCG 蠅 20 mIU/mL), live birth (LB), and pregnancy loss (PL). Of the 80 CCP, 69 were LB and 11 were PL.Mean AHEI‐P was 72.0 ± 13.8. When AHEI‐P was categorized into tertiles, 59%, 55% and 68% of the participants in the tertiles (from lowest AHEI‐P to highest and most favorable) achieved CCP.Preliminary data analyses, using logistic regression, revealed that after controlling for maternal age, race, smoking status, pre‐pregnancy BMI, and time to conceive, there was a greater odds of achieving CCP for every 5‐point increase in AHEI‐P score (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.52). No significant association was found between AHEI‐P and LB or PL.Results of this study suggest differences in DQ and likelihood of CCP. Future analyses will examine the role of paternal DQ on pregnancy outcomes.Supported by R01 HD409762 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD.
Neuro–Immune Stimulation Therapy:Quantum Energy Transference via Bio‐electromagnetic Field Resonance
Authors: Einstein George , Gee Anita , Tulp Orien 
Published: June 2021

To determine whether homeostasis of the body's immune system can be improved via stimulation of the bio‐electromagnetic process of natural human interaction and contact, an observational study was conducted utilizing a small purposive adult sample (N = 3 female, 1 Male). Various medical conditions were reported including Stomach Cancer, Arachnoid Cyst, EOL dx for CHF, and severe allergic reactions. Subjects received 1‐7 Therapy sessions ea in an attempt to use alternative forms of therapy due to slow or non‐productive current medical treatments. At this stage, physical, mental and universe coherence phenomena limitations no longer exist. The human body emits a strong bio‐electromagnetic field which can transfer positive quantum energy through touch, or transference can occur within close proximity. Neuro‐Immune Stimulation Therapy involves the process of reversing the destructive effects of negative quantum energy within the body by the intentional transference of natural high frequency bio‐electromagnetic field resonance or positive quantum energy transference. This naturally occurring phenomenon is represented in the third step of GP Einstein's mathematical model for (3Σ) Quantum Bio‐Energy Therapy: (Σ IQBET) = ΣBEM‐Phy.QE x ΣBEM‐CHQE x ΣBEM‐Psy.NQE.Results: All conditions showed substantial improvement toward normalization within 1 to 7 days.ConclusionIntegrated Neuro‐Immune Stimulation Therapy can effectively engage natural healing mechanisms by electromagnetic receptors. Further study of this form of integrative therapy may prove beneficial for patients suffering from various cancers, infectious diseases, & chronic illnesses.
Increased Skim Milk Consumption Reduces Uricemia, Body Fat, and Body Weight in Excess Body Weight Women Pursuing Energy Restricted Diet
Authors: Alfenas Rita , Cândido Flávia , Alfenas Raquel , Freitas Dayse 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of increased calcium consumption on obesity prevention and control.MethodsThirty three women, low‐calcium consumers (<800mg/day), aged 18‐42 years, BMI 27.72 +1.14 kg/m² and body fat 42.61+1.03% participated in this 45 consecutive days (6 weeks), parallel design study. Subjects were randomly allocated in one of the experimental groups: low calcium (control (LC)) or high calcium (calcium citrate (CIT) or skim milk (SM)). Breakfast (LC:0mg of calcium/day, CIT and SM:~700mg/day) was consumed in the laboratory. Hypocaloric diets (‐500kcal/day; 800mg of calcium/day (C) or 1500 mg of calcium/day (CIT and SM)) were prescribed. Fasting blood samples, body fat, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed on days 1 and 45. Food intake was assessed in the first, third, and last weeks.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in serum uric acid concentration in SM, and in ionized calcium in SM and CIT compared to C. Body fat (total, trunk, and android) and waist circumference significantly reduced in the SM group. Weight loss was significantly higher (119% and 100%) in the SM group compared to LD and CIT groups, respectively. Energy, macronutrients, and fiber intakes did not differ between‐group.ConclusionsDaily consumption of 4‐5 portions of skim milk may be an effective strategy to prevent and control obesity in excess body weight women pursuing an energy restricted diet.Research supportBrazilian Research Foundation of Minas Gerais State ‐ FAPEMIG, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development ‐ CNPq, and CAPES Foundation.
Marine Sources but Not Plant Sources of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids Prevents Progression of Hepatic Steatosis in fa/fa Zucker Rats
Authors: Hong Lena , Zahradka Peter , Taylor Carla 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3 PUFA) diets rich in α‐linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hepatic steatosis in fa/fa Zucker rats.MethodsSix week old fa/fa rats were fed n3 PUFA diets containing ALA (faALA), EPA (faEPA) or DHA (faDHA) for 8 weeks relative to a linoleic acid (LA)‐rich n6 PUFA diet fed to fa/fa (faLA) and lean (lnLA) rats. Comparisons were to baseline fa/fa rats (faBASE). Body weight and feed intake were monitored. Fasting serum was obtained at 0 and 8 weeks, and liver samples were collected at week 8.ResultsfaEPA and faDHA had less body weight gain compared to faLA, but faALA was not different from faLA. faDHA had total liver lipids levels similar to faBASE, while faALA had the most hepatic steatosis. This was unrelated to liver weights, which did not differ among the fa/fa groups. There was no differences in liver lipid vesicle size among the fa/fa rats, but there was a trend in the distribution of vesicle sizes with faLA having the largest followed by faALA, faEPA and faDHA. faDHA and faLA had lower fasting insulin compared to faALA and faEPA, while the baseline groups and lnLA had the lowest fasting insulin levels overall. AUCinsulin was lower in faDHA compared to faALA but similar to faEPA and faLA.HOMA‐IR was highest in faALA and faEPA, but was not different from faDHA. faEPA had lower fasting serum triglycerides than faBASE and faALA.ConclusionDHA prevented further progression of hepatic steatosis in fa/fa Zucker rats and was associated with improvements in insulin resistance. ALA had the highest degree of hepatic steatosis and displayed a higher degree of insulin resistance than EPA and DHA.Supported by ARDI
Short‐term High Fat Diet Feeding Leads to Resistance of Hepatic mTORC1 Signaling to Stimulation by Amino Acids
Authors: Kimball Scot , Ravi Suhana , Gordon Bradley , Jefferson Leonard 
Published: June 2021

A major complication of obesity is development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, although many of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the disease have been identified, the molecular triggering events that initiate it are undefined. In the present study, the effect of short‐term (i.e. 蠄 2 wk) consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD) on changes in signaling through the protein kinase mTOR in complex 1 (mTORC1) was assessed. In contrast to previous studies showing constitutive activation of mTORC1 in the liver of animals fed a HFD for four or more weeks, in the present study mTORC1 signaling was lower in fasted rats that had been fed a high fat compared to a control diet. Moreover, the stimulatory effect of re‐feeding fasted animals was blunted in animals consuming a HFD compared to controls. Repressed feeding‐induced activation of mTORC1 signaling was not due to insulin resistance. Instead, livers of rats fed a HFD exhibited resistance of mTORC1 to activation by amino acids. In support of this conclusion, the feeding‐induced association of the amino acid‐responsive Rag GTPases with mTORC1 was blunted in HFD‐fed rats compared to controls. Moreover, both basal and amino acid‐induced activation of mTORC1 signaling was significantly reduced in livers from HFD‐fed compared to control rats after perfusion in situ with medium containing amino acids at the concentrations found in the plasma of fasted rats (1X) or four times those concentrations. Overall, the results are consistent with the conclusion that consuming a high‐fat diet causes changes in the Rag signaling pathway that result in resistance to amino acid‐induced activation of mTORC1.(Supported by NIH grant DK13499)
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in an HIV Cohort on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Authors: Lopez Johanna , Tiozzo Eduard , Konefal Janet , Adwan Sarah , Martinez Lynell , Villabona Juan , Cutrono Stacey , Rodriguez Allan , Woolger Judi , Lewis John 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MetS characteristics, and factors associated with the presence of MetS, in 89 people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART enrolled in a community‐based exercise training and nutrition education program targeting individuals of low socioeconomic status.ResultsOne in three PLWH met Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria for MetS and it was mostly due to high waist circumference and elevated blood pressure. Higher use of protease inhibitors, elevated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), greater self‐reported daily caloric intake and consumption of carbohydrates, sugar, added sugar, and higher glycemic load were found among the individuals with MetS, compared to those without it. Elevated HbA1c and high total sugar consumption were the strongest predictors and accounted for 30% of the occurrence of MetS.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of MetS observed was higher than previously reported in the general population and other PLWH cohorts. Additional work is needed to determine whether MetS is a more disease/treatment or lifestyledependent condition in PLWH. This material is based on work supported by AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation's Connections for Cardiovascular Health SM(CCH) program.
No Dose‐Response Relationship in the Effect of Commonly Consumer Sugars on Insulin Sensitivity Across a Range of Typical Human Consumption Levels
Authors: Lowndes Joshua , Yu Zhiping , Rippe James 
Published: June 2021

Questions have been raised as to whether dietary carbohydrate intake is directly related to the development of type 2 diabetes. Of particular importance, fructose‐induced insulin resistance has been previously shown in animals. However, the implications of such findings for humans are unclear as these models typically use very high doses of sugars and from sources not commonly consumed. Therefore, little is known about how the typical consumption of sugar in humans affects risk factors for diabetes.355 weight‐stable (weight change <3% in previous 30 days) individuals aged 20‐60 years old drank sugar‐sweetened low fat milk every day for 10 weeks as part of their usual diet. Added sugar was provided in the milk as either high fructose corn syrup or sucrose at 8%, 18% or 30% of the calories required to maintain body weight. Insulin resistance was measured using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA IR) on fasting measures and a standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was used to measure insulin and glucose areas under the curve resistance (AUC30g * AUC30I) and whole body insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin resistance using the Matsuda Composite Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI).There was a small increase in weight in the entire cohort (169.1 ± 30.6 vs 171.6 ± 31.8lbs, p<0.001), which was greater in the 30% level than in the 8% or 18% levels (p<0.05). Glucose, insulin, HOMA, Glucose AUC, Insulin AUC, Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index, and hepatic insulin resistance did not vary by sugar level (p>0.05) nor by sugar type (p>0.05).These data show that risk factors for diabetes do not vary between the 8th % (25th percentile), and the 30% group (95th percentile). Importantly, the type of sugar (HFCS versus sucrose) had no effect on any response.
The Effects of Potatoes and other Carbohydrate Side Dishes on Meal Time Food Intake, Blood Glucose and Satiety Response in Lean Healthy Children
Authors: Akilen Rajaduai , Deljoomanesh Neshat , Al‐Dabous Khulood , Arshad Muhammad , Smith Chris , Hamilton Jill , Anderson Harvey 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe effect of carbohydrate foods on blood glucose is ranked by their glycemic index. Boiled‐mashed‐potatoes (BMP) are ranked as high GI but pasta and rice have moderate GI ranking.ObjectivesTo compare ad libitum consumption of common carbohydrate dishes on meal‐time satiety, food‐intake blood glucose and insulin in 11 to 13 year normal weight children.MethodsTwo studies were conducted. At weekly intervals, children (experiment‐1: 12M, 8F; experiment‐2: 6M, 3F) randomly received 1 of 5 ad libitum carbohydrate meals of rice, pasta, BMP, fried‐french‐fries (FFF) or baked‐french‐fries (BFF) together with 100g lean beef as a lunch time meal. In experiment‐1, food intake over 30 minutes and subjective appetite was measured for120 minutes. In experiment‐2, the same outcomes were measured along with blood glucose and plasma insulin.ResultsThe results for both boys and girls were pooled as sex was not a factor(P=0.51). In both experiments, children consumed the 30% less calories at meals with BMP(P<0.0001) compared to all other treatments, which were similar. Expressed as a change in appetite per kilocalorie, BMP lowered appetite more than all other treatments(P<0.0001). In experiment‐2, FFF resulted in the lowest(P<0.0001) end of meal glucose and insulin concentrations at 30 min.ConclusionThe role of carbohydrate foods consumed ad libitum at meal time on food intake, appetite, blood glucose and insulin responses in children is not predicted by the GI.
The intake of ready to eat cereals in breakfast is associated with fewer intakes of 24 h unsaturated fats but not of fruits, vegetables or fiber in Mexican children
Authors: Contreras Alejandra , De La Cruz Vanessa , Villalpando Salvador 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe consumption of Ready to eat cereal (RTEC) at breakfast has been associated with a better dietary habits and healthy life styles.ObjectiveTo describe the macronutrient intake, food consumed with breakfast and healthy lifestyles in Mexican children by category of RTEC: Breakfast RTEC, Non‐RTEC breakfast and breakfast skippers (BS).MethodsDietary data were collected from a 24h recall. We examined fruits and vegetables, fiber, saturated and unsaturated fat intakes, screen time, and physical activity. Statistical analyses were adjusted by the survey design.ResultsPreschoolers (11.5%), scholars (10.2%) and adolescents (5.7%) had RTEC breakfast. The foods most frequently consumed with RTEC were milk sugar and fruit. No differences between adequacy of fruits, vegetable and fiber were found by RTEC categories. The 24 h intake of saturated (20.5g vs 17.8g, p<0.05) or unsaturated fats (28.3 vs 23.9 g, p<0.05) was greater in preschoolers breakfasting non‐RTEC than those eating RTEC or non‐breakfast. The 24h intakes of unsaturated fats was lower in scholar girls (35.5 g vs 39.3 g & 41.8g, p<0.05) and adolescents (40.0g vs 45.5g, & 52.0g respectively, p<0.05) RTEC consumers thannon‐RTEC or BS individuals. Adolescents that had breakfastcomparedwith non‐RTEC or BS individuals had the same physical activity and less screen time.ConclusionThe RTEC intake is associated with fewer intakes of 24 h fat intakes, without differences in the intake of fruits, vegetables, fiber, physical activity and screen time.
Nopal consumption attenuates biochemical abnormalities and microbiota disbiosis in a diet induced obesity (DIO) model
Authors: Sanchez‐Tapia Monica , Tovar Armando , Torres Nimbe 
Published: June 2021

Nopal is a cactus considered as functional food due to its nutritional value and beneficial effects on health. However, it is not known whether the oligosaccharides of nopal have prebiotic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption of nopal on intestinal microbiota in a model of DIO. Wistar rats were fed control diet (AIN‐93) or a high fat diet +5% sucrose in the drinking water (HFD+S) for 7 mo. Rats fed the HFD+S increased body weight and showed glucose intolerance and metabolic inflexibility. Also, there was a significant disbiosis in the intestinal microbiota. There was a decrease in Bacteroidetes Lacobacillus, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteria, Akkermancia and B. thetaiotaomicron, and an increase in Firmicutes. Obese rats were then divided into 4 groups fed one of the following diets 1) AIN‐93, 2) AIN‐93 + 5% nopal, 3) HFD + 5% S and 4) HFD + 5% S + 5% nopal for a mo. The addition of nopal in the diet decreased body weight gain, improved glucose tolerance and metabolic inflexibility, and biochemical parameters, decreased the expression of SREBP‐1 involved in lipogenesis and increased PPAR‐α involved in fatty acid oxidation. Finally the inclusion of nopal in the HFD+5%S restored the intestinal microbiota by increasing the Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Akkermancia, Bifidobacterium along with a decrease in Firmicutes. Therefore, the results suggest that bioactive compounds of nopal may have beneficial effects on obesity control as well as a prebiotic effect.Supported by Instituto Danone de Mexico
MD2 may mediate free fatty acid‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Authors: Fang Qilu , Pan Yong , Liang Guang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundInsulin resistance is a major metabolic abnormality of patients with obesity. Free fatty acid (FFA), whose circulating levels are often increased in obesity, causes chronic low‐grade inflammatory state that plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) is an assistant protein of TLR4 and plays a critical role in LPS‐induced acute inflammation. Although several reports have shown that FFA induces chronic inflammation via TLR4 signaling, it is unknown if MD2 was required in this progress.MethodLiver HL7702 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) were used for in vitro studies. Apoe‐/‐ mice fed with high‐fat diet and orally administrated with specific MD2 inhibitors were used. In addition, C57/BL6 mice and MD2‐knockout C57/BL6 mice were i.v. injected with PA twice a day for one week to investigate the role of MD2 in PA‐induced acute insulin resistance model.ResultsIn HL7702 cells, PA obviously induced the release of inflammatory cytokines via activation of JNK and IKKβ, and subsequent insulin resistance as evidenced by the decrease in phosphorylation of IRS1 Tyr and AKT. However, either pharmacological inhibition by two previously found small molecule inhibitors L6H21 and L6H9 or genetic silencing by MD2 siRNA significantly reversed these pathological effects induced by PA. Then, we found both oral administration with L6H21 or L6H9 in Apoe‐/‐ mice significantly attenuated the in vivo inflammation and insulin resistance. More importantly, MD2 knockout mice showed obvious tolerance in response to PA injection.ConclusionMD2 mediates PA‐induced inflammatory and subsequently insulin resistance, and MD2 may be a potential therapeutic target on obesity and insulin resistance.