bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality traits associated with Healthy Diet and Obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Diop M , Epstein D , Ruiz-Adame M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to examine the association between personality traits and either dietary behaviour or weight-related outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement was conducted through Scopus, PubMed and PsychInfo databases. Studies were included if they used a facet of personality that we were confidently able to map to a Big Five dimension.

Results
A total of 21 studies were eligible for inclusion. Most studies that reported a measure of association found a result that was statistically insignificant at the 5% level. In studies where the result was statistically significant, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were almost always positively associated with healthy dietary behaviour and negatively associated with fat consumption, eating problems, obesity and measures of unhealthy weight across all the populations. Four studies found statistically significant results in the opposite direction. Neuroticism was associated with unhealthy behaviours or weight problems.

Conclusions and Implications
The Big-Five-model is an adequate instrument to measure the relationship between personality and diet. Healthy dietary behaviour tends to be associated with more pro-social personality characteristics, whereas poor weight control could be linked with Neuroticism. These results suggest there may be some benefit from using psychological traits to personalise interventions aimed at improving nutrition.

Key messages
There may be some benefit from using psychological traits to personalise interventions aimed at improving nutrition. Another interesting line of research may take account of the role of peer-effects and role-models in promoting healthy or unhealthy behaviour across social networks.
Mediterranean Diet in Europe: how are mature adults and elderly moving closer to this diet pattern?
Authors: Alves R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The decrease in Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence during the last decades in Europe has been linked with changes to modern lifestyles, and more recently, to the Great Recession. However, new national efforts to improve dietary habits through fiscal and regulatory policies, and the economic improvement of the second half of the past decade (pre-covid 19 pandemic) might have led to a reversal in this trend. Our goal was to analyze the changes in MD adherence between 2013 and 2019 among a sample of European mature adults and the elderly.

Methods
Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for adults over 50 years old, we design a longitudinal cohort study with a sample of participants from waves 5 (2013) and 8 (2019/20). Logistic regressions were used to model the consumption of MD adherence, meat/fish, fruit/vegetables, legumes/eggs and dairy products as function of the year. We stratified the analyses by educational level and age groups and for transitions in economic status, employed, and self-perceived health.

Results
There was in 2019/20 a significant increase in the MD adherence (10.8 v. 14.3%, OR = 1.377, P &lt; 0.01). The rise is mainly related to the decrease of meat and fish (38.4 v. 30.5%, OR = 0,703, P &lt; 0.01) and growth of legumes and eggs intake (36.3 v. 41.8%, OR = 1.260 P &lt; 0.01). The results were consistent in all European regions and most sociodemographic groups. Younger people with higher income and education and overall better self-perceived health had a more prevalent rise in M.D adherence.

Conclusions
Our analysis shows a generalized growth in MD's adherence amongst mature adults and elderly population across Europe. This rise was observed across most socioeconomic subpopulations and European countries, suggesting a shift to healthier diet patterns. Yet, MD adherence increase was more noticeable amongst more affluent, educated and healthy responders, which may further entrench diet and health inequalities.

Key messages
Mediterranean Diet adherence has been increasing among mature adults and the elderly in Europe (2013-2019). The rise in Mediterranean Diet adherence was more evident amongst more affluent, educated and healthy responders, which may further entrench diet and health inequalities.
Global solidarity, justice and moral failures
Authors: Tahzib F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The WHO Director-General's in his opening remarks at 148th session of the Executive Board on 18th January 2021, warned of ‘catastrophic moral failure' if world leaders did not rise to the challenge of vaccine equity and subsequently referred to it as a test of character, with consequences. A moral failure is an act or thought which is carried out when one knows that it should not be carried out or conversely an act which is not carried out when one knows it should be carried out. Scholars in reviewing the responses to the pandemic have highlighted that “Nothing will fundamentally change unless we truly understand and appreciate the nature of the lessons we should learn from these outbreaks. Our past failures must be understood as moral failures that offer moral lessons. Yes, we can learn how to better curb the spread of outbreaks by using shiny new technologies,” it has been suggested, “but unless we appreciate that we have a defect in our collective moral attitude as a global community toward remediating the conditions that precipitate the emergence of outbreaks, we will never truly learn. The purpose of the presentation will be to reflect on the issues revealed by the pandemic, why they are referred to as “moral issues” and the societal moral distress resulting from our continued neglect to recognise and to address them. The individual, community and institutions which serve them are key protagonists and chief stewards for health and it is through their interactions and values that future emerges. The presentation will highlight the need for global solidarity, justice and empathy and the case to reimagine the earth as one country and humankind its citizens.
COVID-19 in patients receiving renal replacement therapy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shilov EM , Rumiantseva EI , Shilova MM , Milchakov KS 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
It is known that patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) are at a risk for severe COVID-19. This study was the first to evaluate the epidemiology of COVID-19 in patients receiving RRT in the Russian Federation in 2020.

Methods
The research method was an Internet survey conducted among the main nephrologists of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Data were obtained from 82 out of 85 subjects of the Russian Federation. We evaluated the numerical changes in the population of patients treated with RRT from 01.01.2020 to 01.01.2021; the number of patients diagnosed COVID-19; total mortality and the proportion of deaths associated with COVID-19. The COVID-19 was diagnosed by a positive polymerase chain reaction, supplemented by lung CT results.

Results
The prevalence of COVID-19 among all 72,734 patients who were receiving different types of RRT was 13,585 (18.7%), which is significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher than the average in the Russian Federation. The prevalence of infection among patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplantation (KT) was lower (12.6% and 11.6%, respectively) than among patients with hemodialysis (HD) (20.5%). This can be attributed to the self-isolation of patients with PD and KT, in contrast to patients on HD, which, on the contrary, increased the frequency of contacts between patients and medical staff. Among all patients observed during 2020, the average mortality rate was 22.1%, exceeding by 7.8% the average level of this indicator in 2018 (14.2%). Of these 22.1%, most (17.4%) were non-COVID-19-related deaths, and about 4.6% were COVID-19-related deaths. Among the 13,585 patients on RRT with COVID-19, the annual mortality rate was 24.4%.

Conclusions
The prevalence of COVID-19 and mortality rates among patients on RRT are higher than in the general population of the Russian Federation.

Key messages
In the Russian Federation patients receiving RRT are at a high risk of severe COVID-19. Mortality rates of COVID-19 are higher in patients receiving RRT than in general population of the Russian Federation.
What is a covid dashboard?
Authors: Riley N , Hansen J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Public Health Reporting has a long history (text here suddenly missing!)There is a long tradition of Public Health Reporting to support knowledge during public health crises. The Covid-19 pandemic has seen the unprecedented rapid demand for Public Health Reporting. The size, speed and scale of the pandemic led to governments, public health professionals, the media and citizens asking for up-to-date, accurate and accessible information and intelligence. One way that these demands were answered were through the creation and publication of Covid-19 dashboards to communicate to diverse audiences. Health Information Professionals were required to make significant decisions quickly. Which indicators to select? Which audiences to develop dashboards for? Which technologies to deploy? Decisions that would normally take a considerable length of time were abbreviated. There were no international standards and a variability of requirements for different commissioners of dashboards. Furthermore the public spotlight and ‘democratisation' of health information created additional pressure and a lack of situational control. Some of the choices made will have a consequential impact for shared Health Service and Population Health Research as the pandemic continues.

The purpose of this presentation is to
Discuss the need for rapid health reporting as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic Examine some of the choices faced by health information professionals in creating and sustaining public Covid-19 dashboards during the pandemic. Illustrate a variety of solutions that emerged internationally that were broadly trying to address the same need.
7.F. Workshop: Health literacy in the European Region: a summary of survey results and policy recommendations
Authors:   Organised by: GÖG (Austria),   Chair persons: Diane Levin-Zamir (Israel), Stephan Van Den Broucke (Belgium)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

As the European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU (2009-2012) and experience in many countries has shown, measuring population health literacy is important for putting health literacy on the agenda of health policy, practice and research and to inform health policy where there is specific need for improving health literacy by interventions. For the Health Literacy Survey 2019 of WH&Oacute;s Action network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy (M-POHL), the HLS19-Q12 instrument on measuring comprehensive general health literacy (HL) of general adult populations was developed, building on the HLS-EU instrument. Furthermore, specific instruments have been developed for measuring digital, communication, navigation, and vaccination health literacy. The survey was implemented in 17 countries in the European Regions of the World Health Organization with representative national samples of above 1000 respondents, between 2019 and 2021. This workshop with two presentations and 3 panelists will present methodology and main results of the European Health Literacy Survey 2019 and recommendations for health policy based on the results of the survey.
The first presentation “The European Health Literacy Survey 2019 of M-POHL: a summary of its main results” will focus on construction, validation, and distribution of the scores and categorial levels of the HLS19-Q12 instrument. Results social gradient and on selected determinants of HL measures and consequences of general HL in the areas of health behaviors and life stye, health status and healthcare utilization will be shown. Overall trends in HL in the participating countries and variation between these countries will be provided. The second presentation “Policy recommendations for improving health literacy: based on European Health Literacy Survey 2019” will present procedure and outcome of drafting recommendations for policy implementations in Europe based on the survey results by the M-POHL consortium.

Speakers/Panelists
Kristine Sørensen Global Health Literacy Academy, Health Literacy Europe, Aarhus, Denmark Miguel Arriaga Division of Literacy, Health and Well-being, Directorate-General on Health, Lisbon, Portugal Maria Lopatina National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Key messages
Measurement of health literacy of adult populations of 17 countries in the European region by the HLS19 study shows general trends and considerable variation by country. Results of the HLS19 study were a good basis for developing policy recommendations for improving health literacy in Europe.
Policy recommendations for improving health literacy: based on European Health Literacy Survey 2019
Authors: Dietscher C , Le C , Telo de Arriaga M , Schaeffer D , Drapkina O , De Gani S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy (M-POHL) was founded in 2018 under the umbrella of the European Health Information Initiative (EHII) of the World Health Organization - Regional Office for Europe. Health literacy (HL) is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant, mediator or moderator of health, and large parts of populations have been shown to have limited HL. Therefore, it is one of the aims of M-POHL to install international comparative population HL surveys at regular intervals. These can provide a valuable and valid basis for developing evidence-informed recommendations for policy, research and practice in the field of HL. To meet this purpose, M-POHL brings together experts from research and policy. Following up on the first European HL survey (HLS-EU), the first project of M-POHL was the international HLS19 survey, with 17 participating countries from the WHO European region. In addition to general population HL, the survey also covered specific HL's such as digital, communication, navigation, and vaccination HL. Despite the obstacles posed by the Corona pandemic, the survey could be administered, and an international comparative report was prepared by the HLS19 project consortium. On this basis, M-POHL will hold two workshops in June and August 2021 to develop resulting recommendations for policy and research in Europe. It is expected that these recommendations will a. o. focus on: population groups in most need of support in their HL; how to improve different dimensions of HL (such as finding, understanding, assessing, and applying relevant health information); HL as applied to health care, disease prevention, and health promotion; and aspects relating to the specific HL's measured. The presentation will describe the process of development, and give an overview of the M-POHL recommendations.
Influences on the use of digital tools in primary care to deliver physical activity advice
Authors: Bondaronek P , Singh Jennings S , Mallion V , Stefanidou C , Bhathal A , Simon C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing physical activity is a public health priority. The unique and critical role of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in primary care to help address physical inactivity is explicitly identified by various national physical activity (PA) frameworks. Yet, there may be various obstacles to the delivery of PA advice, such as lack of time, lack of confidence and lack of knowledge of where to refer people for further support. Digital technology provides new opportunities and has the potential to facilitate PA advice. However, it is unknown if and how digital tools are used within the context of primary care. The aim of the study was to understand the use of digital tools to support primary care consultations.

Methods
Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs in primary care. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify influences on the use of digital tools. Next, the themes were categorised using the COM-B model of behaviour to identify barriers and/or enablers to using digital tools to support the delivery of PA advice.

Results
The most prominent barriers and enablers related to included having the digital skills to use the systems, understanding of the PA assessment and advice, and the ability to tailor the tool to the HCPs needs. The opportunity factors included the limited digital resources available, organisational culture, and environmental stressors. The motivational influences included the level of familiarity with the tool, the confidence to use it, beliefs about a tool's usefulness, and professional identity.

Conclusions
A variety of influences were identified on the use of digital tools to support primary care consultations to deliver PA advice. These findings provide a foundation to design a system that addresses the barriers and leverages the facilitators to the efficient use of digital tools that support PA advice provision within the primary care context.

Key messages
There are various influences on the use of digital tools to support the provision of PA advice within primary care consultations, including skills, environmental and social factors, and motivation. The use of behaviour change theory allows us to systematically identify what barriers need to be addressed to assist HCPs in providing PA advice using efficient and flexible digital support tools.
Advances in real-time social listening for an adaptive public health response: WHO’s EARS platform
Authors: Mahajan A , Czerniak C , Lamichhane J , Phuong L , Purnat T , Nguyen T , Briand S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an Infodemic (overabundance of information, including misinformation and disinformation, both online and offline); in response to this Infodemic, WHO launched the EARS platform (Early AI-assisted Response with Social Listening), showing real-time information about how people are talking about COVID-19 online. This information is intended to serve health information professionals to understand narratives and needs of the general public, in order to inform policy or communications decisions.

Methods
Data is collected daily from online conversations in publicly available sources, including Twitter, online forums, and blogs in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, for 20 pilot countries. Once the data is collected, it is processed and classified into 39 categories, according to a set of pandemic public health taxonomy. The classification is made based on semi-supervised machine learning.

Results
Top 5 categories across regions are Covid-19 vaccine, Transmission settings, Personal measures, Testing and Industry (industry refers to the impact of the pandemic on the economy). We find that conversations around Covid-19 vaccines usually rank in the second or third position in all regions and represent 9%-12% of the conversation.

Conclusions
The configuration and application of the EARS platform has enabled progress towards more scalable and sustainable social listening to inform Infodemic management and response, compared to previous methods which were more manual, required data scientists in the team, or had fewer analytics capabilities. Future work will focus on gradually adding more data sources which can expand coverage and representativity.

Key messages
Discuss social listening methods for greater accountability to affected populations. Formulate insights into how digital media and information technology can be better utilized for more rapidly responding to the evolving needs of communities.
Modelling the impact of compliance fruit and vegetable intake recommendations on mortality in Russia
Authors: Mukaneeva D , Kontsevaya A , Karamnova N , Drapkina O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Low fruit and vegetable intake is among the top ten selected risk factors for global mortality. The World Health Organization recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake is known to be 400 g/day. Despite strong evidence indicating that low fruit and vegetable intake relates to chronic diseases and mortality, most adults do not comply with dietary recommendations. According to the ESSE-RF epidemiological study, the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption was 41.9%. The purpose of this study is to model the impact of following the national fruit and vegetables intake recommendations in decreasing N of death attributable to low fruit and vegetable intake.

Methods
A validated and transparent macrosimulation model, the PRIME (Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl) was used to estimate the cardiovascular and diet-related cancer death toll that could be prevented or delayed for the populations of Russia in a year. Data included in the model are a baseline scenario (actual F&V intake), a counterfactual scenario (recommended intake), and age-and sex-specific mortality for cardiovascular and diet-related cancer diseases, together with the total population risk of a specific year. Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 iterations were performed to produce the 95% uncertainty intervals.

Results
In 2018, an estimated 52 725 deaths (95% CI: 33 474, 69 837) could be averted or delayed if Russians adhered to dietary recommendations on fruit and vegetable intake. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 97.8% of these deaths. The modelled reduction in deaths for coronary heart disease was 43 530 (95%CI: 24 782, 60 168), for stroke 8 063 (95%CI: 5 252, 10 715). The modelled reduction in deaths for lung cancer was 1132 (95%CI: 484, 1731).

Conclusions
The modelling illustrates the potentially large social benefits of compliance with national fruit and vegetable intake recommendations.

Key messages
Despite strong evidence indicating that low fruit and vegetable intake relates to chronic diseases and mortality, most adults do not comply with dietary recommendations. The modelling illustrates the potentially large social benefits of compliance with national fruit and vegetable intake recommendations.