bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature, emergence phenology and consumption drive seasonal shifts in fish growth and production across riverscapes
Authors: Kaylor Matthew J. , Justice Casey , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Staton Benjamin A. , Burns Lauren A. , Sedell Edwin , White Seth M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Changes in biophysical conditions through time generate spatial and temporal variability in habitat quality across landscapes. For river ecosystems, researchers are increasingly able to characterize spatial and temporal patterns in habitat conditions, referred to as shifting habitat mosaics, yet rarely demonstrate how this translates into corresponding biological processes such as organism growth and production.

We assessed spatial patterns and processes determining seasonal changes in juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha size, growth and production over 30–40 km in two NE Oregon subbasins.

We quantified seasonal patterns of growth by combining estimated emergence dates and body size distributions in July and September. We then used analysis of bioenergetics, empirical fish diets and spatial models incorporating temperature, habitat and population density to evaluate mechanisms driving spatiotemporal patterns of growth. Lastly, we quantified seasonal contributions to individual fish growth and to total production as a function of position within the stream network.

Spatial heterogeneity in incubation temperatures corresponded to later estimated emergence timing with distance upstream in both subbasins. During spring, estimated growth rates decreased with distance upstream, and coupled with emergence patterns, resulted in pronounced longitudinal gradients in body size by July. During summer, spatial patterns of growth reversed, with greater diet ration sizes and growth efficiencies upstream than downstream. These opposing spatiotemporal patterns of emergence timing and seasonal growth rates produced longitudinal gradients in the proportion of fish growth achieved in spring versus summer, with up to 80% of an individual's growth occurring in spring at downstream sites but as low as 10% at upstream sites. Coupling longitudinal patterns of fish density and growth revealed that in one subbasin the majority (65%) of total production occurred in spring, while in the other, in which fish were concentrated in headwaters, the majority (60%) of production occurred in summer.

While recent work has emphasized inter‐annual shifts in fish production across large spatial scales, this study demonstrates that longitudinal gradients of fish growth and production can reverse across seasons, and reveals important contributions of warmer, downstream habitats to overall production that occurred during cooler times of the year.
Building a culture of innovation: How do agency leadership and management systems promote innovative activities within the government?
Authors: Park Nara , Cho Munseok , Lee Jung Wook 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPublic organisations have strived to initiate and consolidate innovation by reforming their structures, processes, and outcomes. Despite their numerous attempts, successful innovation has not been achieved in every organisation in the public sector. Analysing survey data acquired from the Korean government, we find that a leader's support for innovative action, and the development of a self‐learning organisation that discarded old‐fashioned customs, was key to change in government organisations. Leadership is required to promote strategic planning and performance tools for innovation, with both forms of management system likely to depend on a leader's decision. The concerns, emphasis, and support of a leader are embodied by the strategic plan and implemented using performance tools to motivate organisational members. Thus, we argue that, without supportive leadership, it is extremely difficult to establish a culture of innovation that can lead to product innovation; management and evaluation efforts may not be essential to an increase in government innovation. Ultimately, we address the innovation dilemmas that many public organisations encounter in the course of organisational development. We suggest that a performance evaluation programme that requires immediate success can eventually limit sustainable innovation in the long term, even if innovation performance improves in the short term.
Who cares about the public sphere?
Authors: GOENAGA AGUSTÍN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article offers the first empirical and cross‐national analysis of citizens’ views about the democratic importance of the public sphere. We first identify three normative functions that public spheres are expected to perform in representative democracies: they provide voice to alternative perspectives, they empower citizens to criticise political authorities and they disseminate information on matters of public interest. We then argue that citizens develop differentiated views about the importance of these democratic functions, depending on (1) their ability to influence political decisions through public debate, and (2) the extent to which voice, critique and information address democratic problems they particularly care about. Drawing on Wave 6 of the European Social Survey, the statistical analysis indicates that citizens in most European countries consider the public sphere very important for democracy, especially its role as a supplier of reliable information. However, certain groups tend to care more about different aspects of the public sphere. More educated citizens are more likely to assign greater importance to all three functions. Members of cultural and sexual minorities are more likely to emphasise the importance of giving voice to alternative perspectives, while citizens dissatisfied with the government are more likely to prioritise public criticism and access to reliable information. Finally, in countries with more democratic public spheres, differences based on education and minority status are wider, while differences based on government satisfaction disappear. These findings support the claim that citizens care more about the public sphere when they can effectively influence political decision making through public debate or when the public sphere addresses democratic problems that are especially important to them. Moreover, our results indicate that citizens see some of the functions that public spheres perform as core aspects of democracy, comparable in importance to free and fair elections and the rule of law. The article thus advances an empirically grounded defence of the centrality of public debate for democracy.
Bile reflux is an independent risk factor for precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Lu Yao , Zhang Jian , Li Dan , Liu Yuan , Zhang Dong Ling , Liu Cai Fang , Wang Na , Wu Si Ran , Lu Wen Quan , Guo Jing Zhi , Shi Yong Quan 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo identify whether bile reflux on endoscopy and other related variables are risk factors for precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer (GC).MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional and observational study was conducted in five centers in China from June to October 2019, 1162 patients were recruited and divided into the chronic gastritis (CG), the precancerous lesion (low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia), and GC groups (including high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia). All participants underwent detailed interviews, endoscopy and biopsy, and completed questionnaires. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated with multivariate logistic regression models with or without adjustment for Helicobacter pylori infection.ResultsWe recruited 668 patients with CG, 411 with precancerous lesions and 83 with GC. By comparing the CG and precancerous lesion groups, independent risk factors for cancerous gastric lesions were the grade of bile reflux, patient's age, dietary habits and family history of GC. Similar results were obtained when comparing the CG and GC groups. In addition, bile reflux was confirmed as an independent risk factor for progression from precancerous lesions to cancer.ConclusionsBile reflux on endoscopy as well as age, dietary habits and a family history of GC were independent risk factors for the development of precancerous gastric lesions and GC.
miR‐493 by regulating of c‐Jun targets Wnt5a/PD‐L1‐inducing esophageal cancer cell development
Authors: Bian Wei , Li Yishuai , Zhu Haiyong , Gao Shaolin , Niu Ren , Wang Chuan , Zhang Hao , Qin Xuebo , Li Shujun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers across the globe; the 5‐year survival of esophageal cancer patients is still low. MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation has been implicated in cancer development, and the miRNAs play a pivotal role in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. It is urgently needed to find out how miRNA dysregulation was involved in esophageal cancer (EC) development.MethodsThrough experiments in vivo and in vitro, we explored potential signaling pathways, miR‐493/Wnt5A/c‐JUN loop, in EC. Their mechanistic roles in EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated through multiple validation steps in EC9706 and TE13 cell lines and EC specimens.ResultsOverexpression of miR‐493 attenuates esophageal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR‐493 downregulation is an unfavorable factor in EC and negatively correlated with Wnt5A. The existence of miR‐493 is also an important attribute of metabolism. Based on mechanism analyses, we show that miR‐493 inhibits the activity of c‐JUN and p‐PI3K/p‐AKT with enhanced p21 and directly regulates Wnt5A expression and function, whereas c‐JUN binds the promoter region of miR‐493 and suppressed the expression of miR‐493, forming a negative feedback loop.ConclusionsThe miR‐493/Wnt5A/c‐JUN loop is a molecular feedback loop that refers to the development of esophageal cancer cells and a potential target for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Making every birth count: Outcomes of a perinatal mortality audit program
Authors: Flenady Vicki , Kettle Imogen , Laporte Johanna , Birthisel Deborah , Hardiman Leah , Matsika Admire , Whelan Nikki , Lehner Christoph , Payton Diane , Utz Miles , Wojcieszek Aleena M. , Lawford Harriet , Walsh Teresa , Ellwood David 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundStillbirth rates have shown little improvement for two decades in Australia. Perinatal mortality audit is key to prevention, but the literature suggests that implementation is suboptimal.AimTo determine the proportion of perinatal deaths which are associated with contributing factors relating to care in Queensland, Australia.Materials and MethodsRetrospective audit of perinatal deaths ≥ 34 weeks gestation by the Health Department in Queensland was undertaken. Cases and demographic information were obtained from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection. A multidisciplinary panel used the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) perinatal mortality audit guidelines to classify the cause of death and to identify contributing factors. Contributing factors were classified as ‘insignificant’, ‘possible’, or ‘significant’.ResultsFrom 1 January to 31 December 2018, 65 deaths (56 stillbirths and nine neonatal deaths) were eligible and audited. Most deaths were classified as unexplained (51.8% of stillbirths). Contributing factors were identified in 46 (71%) deaths: six insignificant (all stillbirths), 20 possibly related to outcome (17 stillbirths), and 20 significantly (16 stillbirths). Areas for practice improvements mainly related to the care for women with risk factors for stillbirth, especially antenatal care. The PSANZ guidelines were applied and enabled a systematic approach.ConclusionsA high proportion of late gestation perinatal deaths are associated with contributing factors relating to care. Improving antenatal care for women with risk factors for stillbirth is a priority. Perinatal mortality audit is a valuable step in stillbirth prevention and the PSANZ guidelines allow a systematic approach to aid implementation and reporting.
‘Re‐placing’ professional practice
Authors: Roberts Philip , Cosgrave Catherine , Gillespie Judy , Malatzky Christina , Hyde Sarah , Hu Wendy CY , Bailey Jannine , Yassine Tagrid , Downes Natalie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile preparation for professional practice is conceived as placeless, it is enacted in place. Consequently, many professionals find themselves working in conditions significantly different than those they were educated in and for. This is especially relevant for new professionals arriving in rural settings after preparation in urban programs, where metrocentric models of orientation to practice are implicitly privileged. The consequent dis‐join between practice and place often results in new professionals feeling ‘out of place’ and questioning their professional competence. It also results in settings outside the metrocentric norm being viewed as less desirable practice contexts. Negative desirability hinders professional recruitment, while feeling out of place and incompetent hinders professional retention; both are longstanding issues in rural communities. Recent developments in professional education and practice standards emphasise adaptability to practise in specific contexts. However, ‘context,’ a primary focus to date for rural preparation is presented as a largely static backdrop that needs to be accommodated to engage in the ‘real practice’ one was trained for. Drawing on the spatial turn in social theory, we argue that place both shapes and is shaped by professionals and their practices and as such, must be engaged with deeply and dynamically. This conceptualisation of the relationship between place and practice has critical implications for professional preparation. As interdisciplinary practitioners and researchers working in diverse contexts, we examine ‘place’ from a social constructivist perspective as a focal point for professional preparation.
China and Mekong regionalism: A reappraisal of the formation of Lancang‐Mekong Cooperation
Authors: Busbarat Pongphisoot , Bunyavejchewin Poowin , Suporn Thapiporn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Mekong region is witnessing a regional order reconfiguration triggered by the China‐led Lancang‐Mekong Cooperation (LMC). Little research is available regarding the history of this sub‐regional grouping, particularly about its formation. Using sources from a recently opened archive in Bangkok, this article reappraises the origins and evolution of the initiative within the lens of regional group formation theory. Findings show that LMC is a revised version of Thailand's proposal for the formation of a dialogue on the management of the Mekong River that was initially dismissed by China. As China under Xi Jinping‐era claimed great power status with a droit de regard over the near abroad, it has used the LMC to exercise exclusive leadership over the Mekong region. This can be seen in the preparation of institutional infrastructure for the construction of a China‐Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor (CICPEC) as part of China's wider Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy.
Spout hollow nest boxes provide a drier and less stable microclimate than natural hollows
Authors: Strain Clare , Jones Christopher S. , Griffiths Stephen R. , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArtificial tree hollows (e.g., nest‐boxes) are commonly deployed to mitigate the loss of mature trees within human‐disturbed landscapes. Their effectiveness as a habitat resource, and thus conservation management tool, is strongly influenced by the suitability of internal microclimate conditions. In south‐eastern Australia, spout hollows are a nesting resource used by a diverse community of vertebrate species. We tested the suitability of a novel nest box design (spout boxes) that mimicked the physical characteristics of spout hollows. We monitored the occupancy (n = 193) and internal microclimate (n = 131) of natural hollows and spout boxes within a woodland where natural tree hollows were once abundant. Both natural hollows and spout boxes were occupied and used for breeding by birds and mammals. Natural hollows had consistently higher humidity, and thermal maxima and minima were buffered, when compared with spout boxes. These differences were largely explained by wall thickness. Spout boxes displayed even more extreme temperature variation and lower humidity when not shaded. While more extreme microclimate conditions did not prevent usage, tolerable thresholds for hollow‐dependent species may soon be exceeded under current climate change projections. Managers need to carefully consider nest box design and positioning to ensure the suitability of these supplementary resources for conservation purposes.
Outcomes for gastrostomy‐fed children and their parents: qualitative findings from the ‘Your Tube’ study
Authors: Maddison Jane , Taylor Johanna , O’Neill Mark , Cade Janet , Hewitt Catherine , Horridge Karen , McCarter Alison , Fraser Lorna K , Beresford Bryony 
Published: April 2021

AimTo identify child and parent outcomes relevant to having a gastrostomy, and to specify outcomes believed to be particularly salient to type of diet (formula vs blended food).MethodTwenty parents, two children (both 12y), and 41 professionals (dietitians [n=10]; nurses [n=12]; paediatricians [n=12]; speech and language therapists [n=7)]) were recruited. Parents and children were interviewed; professionals participated in focus groups. Children (2–18y) represented included those on formula (n=11), blended‐food (n=7), and mixed (n=2) diets. All had been tube‐fed for at least 6 months. Neurological, genetic, and metabolic conditions were represented.ResultsParticipants identified a range of children’s outcomes relevant to a gastrostomy, including physical health, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep, and time spent feeding. The children described experiences of exclusion caused by being tube‐fed. Time, sleep, and emotional health were regarded as most salient to understanding parents’ gastrostomy outcomes. Participants believed type of diet would most likely effect gastrointestinal symptoms, time spent feeding, sleep, and physical health.InterpretationFindings indicate a number of refinements to, and allow further specification of, the current ‘initial’ core outcome set for tube‐fed children. Findings also have implications for choice of outcomes measures. Further qualitative research with children and young people is needed.
What this paper adds

Sleep is a key outcome for children and parents.

Gastrointestinal symptoms and physical health were regarded as outcomes most likely to be affected by type of diet.

Well‐being and participation were identified as key distal outcomes.

Gastrostomies are complex interventions.

Further specification of the core outcome set is possible.
Prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non‐motor sports athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Júlia Meller Dias , Pauletto Patrícia , Werlich Mariana Oliveira , Massignan Carla , Lehmkuhl Karyn Munyk , Porfírio Gustavo José Martiniano , Curi Hallal Ana Luiza , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsAs the popularity of sports activities grows, so do the number of sport‐related injuries. Furthermore, sports that use equipment or vehicles that modify the speed of the player can present more serious injuries. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the overall prevalence of orofacial trauma in wheeled non‐motor sports athletes.MethodsThe search strategy was applied in eight electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science). Additionally, a complementary search of the gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), reference lists of included articles, and studies indicated by experts on the subject was done. The included articles were observational studies with sufficient data of orofacial trauma (type and anatomical site) in wheeled non‐motor sport athletes, regardless of the competition level. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The meta‐analysis was performed using R Statistics software, and the strength of cumulative evidence was assessed by The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.ResultsFrom 4042 identified studies, after the removal of duplicates and phase one of selection (title and abstracts screening), 251 studies remained for phase two (full‐text screening). Five articles were finally included. One study was considered to have a low risk of bias and four had a moderate risk of bias. The cumulative prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non‐motor sport athletes was 21.7% (CI: 8.7–34.7; I2:97.6%) and the prevalence of dental injuries in these sports was 7.5% (CI:4.3–10.7; I2:61.9%). The certainty in cumulative evidence was considered to be very low.ConclusionAbout 22% of the wheeled non‐motor sport athletes have suffered orofacial injuries. The most prevalent type of injury was classified as dental trauma.
Cingulate networks associated with gray matter loss in Parkinson's disease show high expression of cholinergic genes in the healthy brain
Authors: Keo Arlin , Dzyubachyk Oleh , van der Grond Jeroen , Hafkemeijer Anne , van de Berg Wilma D.J. , van Hilten Jacobus J. , Reinders Marcel J.T. , Mahfouz Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural covariance networks are able to identify functionally organized brain regions by gray matter volume covariance across a population. We examined the transcriptomic signature of such anatomical networks in the healthy brain using postmortem microarray data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. A previous study revealed that a posterior cingulate network and anterior cingulate network showed decreased gray matter in brains of Parkinson's disease patients. Therefore, we examined these two anatomical networks to understand the underlying molecular processes that may be involved in Parkinson's disease. Whole brain transcriptomics from the healthy brain revealed upregulation of genes associated with serotonin, GPCR, GABA, glutamate, and RAS‐signaling pathways. Our results also suggest involvement of the cholinergic circuit, in which genes NPPA, SOSTDC1, and TYRP1 may play a functional role. Finally, both networks were enriched for genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders that overlap with Parkinson's disease symptoms. The identified genes and pathways contribute to healthy functions of the posterior and anterior cingulate networks and disruptions to these functions may in turn contribute to the pathological and clinical events observed in Parkinson's disease.