bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why de dicto desires are fetishistic
Authors: Zhang Xiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInternalists and externalists fundamentally disagree about how moral judgments motivate. Internalists think that morally good people should have de re desires to do right things, and agents who are motivated by the de dicto desire to do whatever is right are moral fetishists. In contrast, externalists accept that morally good people can have both the relevant de re and de dicto desires. My aim is to provide an argument for internalism, which goes beyond the context in which both sides currently debate the relevant de re and de dicto desires. I will first introduce R. Jay Wallace's understanding of a fetish, according to which to have a fetish is to devote interest and attention to objects that do not deserve such responses. Then, I will argue that the relevant de dicto desire in the debate is fetishistic because rightness itself is not a worthwhile goal to have in our moral deliberation and motivation. Moral agents who are motivated by the de dicto desire to do whatever is right, even if partly, still count as moral fetishists.
The Double Bind of Communicating About Zoonotic Origins: Describing Exotic Animal Sources of COVID‐19 Increases Both Healthy and Discriminatory Avoidance Intentions
Authors: LaCour Mark , Hughes Brent , Goldwater Micah , Ireland Molly , Worthy Darrell , Van Allen Jason , Gaylord Nick , Van‐Hoosier Garrett , Davis Tyler 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany novel diseases are of zoonotic origin, likely including COVID‐19. Describing diseases as originating from a diverse range of animals is known to increase risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventative behaviors. However, it is also possible that communications depicting use of exotic animals as food sources may activate stereotypes of cultures at the origin of a disease, increasing discriminatory behaviors and disease stigma. We used general linear modeling and mediation analysis to test experimental data on communications about zoonotic disease origins from the critical first two months leading up to the declaration of a global pandemic. Results suggest that communications about potential familiar food origins (pigs) affected people's risk perceptions, health behaviors, and COVID‐19 stigma compared to more exotic food sources (e.g., snakes). Participants (N = 707) who read descriptions of exotic origins viewed the virus as riskier and reported stronger intentions to engage in preventative behaviors than those who read about familiar origins (pigs). However, reading exotic origin descriptions was also associated with stronger intentions to avoid Asian individuals and animal products. These results are critical for both theory and public policy. For theory, they are the first to experimentally demonstrate that zoonotic origin descriptions can impact intentions to engage in discriminatory behaviors for cultures viewed as the origin of a novel infectious disease. For policy, they offer clear, actionable insights on how to communicate about risks associated with a novel zoonosis while managing the potential impact on discriminatory behaviors and stigma.
The economic cost of conflict: Evidence from South Sudan
Authors: Mawejje Joseph , McSharry Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study estimates the output loss in South Sudan as a result of the double shock of the protracted post‐independence conflict and macroeconomic crisis. Using the synthetic control method for comparative studies, the analysis suggests that the cumulative loss in the growth rate of real per‐capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 69.63% (or a yearly average of 15.65%) over the period 2012–2018. This resulted in an accumulated loss in the real per‐capita GDP of US$7,070 (yearly average of US$1,010) and an accumulated loss in the aggregate GDP of US$81.1 billion (yearly average of US$11.6 billion) over the same period. Consequently, South Sudan's real per‐capita GDP in 2018 was just a third of what it would have been in the absence of conflict. Moreover, we find that exports and investment were the main channels through which the economy was adversely impacted by the conflict. These results are robust to several placebo and robustness tests. Implications for future research are discussed.
Academic parenthood: Navigating structure and culture in an elite occupation
Authors: Minnotte Krista Lynn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany contemporary workers struggle to manage paid work and family responsibilities, leading scholars to explore mechanisms contributing to conflict between these two domains. Such examinations often center on pinpointing specific factors that explain variation in work‐family conflict, but these studies have less to say about how some occupational contexts create overwhelming demands for workers. In this article, I advocate for an approach that details the cultural and structural components of specific occupations. Building on scholarship about demanding jobs, I use academic parenthood as an illustrative case to demonstrate how certain occupational contexts are organized in ways that introduce challenges for caregiving. I then analyze how culture and structure jointly influence family‐friendly policies in the university setting, along with comparative experiences across discipline, gender, and race/ethnicity. Next, I describe how academic parents in the face of constraints, make choices, show agency, and demonstrate resistance. I conclude by identifying promising areas for future research.
Finite Element Simulation Technique for Evaluation of Opening Stresses Under High Plasticity
Authors: Rashid Ans Al , Imran Ramsha , Arif Zia Ullah , Khalid Muhammad Yasir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The crack closure phenomenon is important to study as it estimates the fatigue life of the components. It becomes even more complex under low-cycle fatigue (LCF) since under LCF high amount of plasticity is induced within the material near notches or defects. As a result, the assumptions used by the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach become invalid. However, several experimental techniques are reported on the topic, the utilization of numerical tools can provide substantial cost and time-saving. In this study, the authors present a finite element simulation technique to evaluate the opening stress levels for two structural steels (25CrMo4 and 30NiCrMoV12) under low-cycle fatigue conditions. The LCF experimental results were used to obtain kinematic hardening parameters through the Chaboche model. The finite element analysis (FEA) model was designed and validated, following the fatigue crack propagation simulation under high plasticity conditions using abaqus. Crack opening displacement versus stress data were exported from abaqus, and 1.5% offset method was employed to define opening stress levels. Numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results obtained earlier through the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. To conclude, FEA could be a valuable tool to predict crack closure phenomena and, ultimately, the fatigue life of components. However, analysis of opening stresses using crystal plasticity models or extended finite element method (XFEM) tools should be explored for a better approximation in future studies.
Robust Passivity-Based Control Scheme for 1.26 KW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Temperature and Load Variations
Authors: Zaidi Abdelaziz , Charaabi Asma , Barambones Oscar , Zanzouri Nadia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The model-based system engineering (MBSE) is based on simplified mathematical models that reflect the dynamic behavior of the systems. These are most of the time nonlinear and need control schemes taking in consideration of exogenous perturbations. The main contribution of this article is the design of a robust passivity-based sliding mode control scheme for a 1.26 KW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The uncertainties considered in this article are temperature and load variation. The fuel cell (FC) reference current is adapted in a linear transformation by introducing a temperature sensor. This information is present in most of commercial PEMFC and not used in the closed-loop system. Moreover, the proposed approach cancels the errors caused by the average approach modeling and the observer (the part, which replaces current sensor). Robustness against load variation is assured via a proportional integral compensation of the incremental value of load resistance. The performance of the controller and the effectiveness of our approach is shown through the simulation with matlab-simulink software.
Implications of Buckingham’s Pi Theorem to the Study of Similitude in Discrete Structures: Introduction of the RFN, μN, and SN Dimensionless Numbers and the Concept of Structural Speed
Authors: Rosakis Ares J. , Andrade José E. , Gabuchian Vahe , Harmon John M. , Conte Joel P. , Restrepo José I. , Rodriguez Andrés , Nema Arpit , Pedretti Andrea R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivated by the need to evaluate the seismic response of large-capacity gravity energy storage systems (potential energy batteries) such as the proposed frictional Multiblock Tower Structures (MTS) recently discussed by Andrade et al. (2021, “Seismic Performance Assessment of Multiblock Tower Structures As Gravity Energy Storage Systems,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., Submitted), we apply Buckingham’s Pi theorem (Buckingham, E., 1914, “On Physically Similar Systems; Illustrations of the Use of Dimensional Equations,” Phys. Rev., 4, pp. 345–376) to identify the most general forms of dimensionless numbers and dynamic similitude laws appropriate for scaling discontinuous multiblock structural systems involving general restoring forces resisting inertial loading. We begin by introducing the dimensionless “mu-number” (μN) appropriate for both gravitational and frictional restoring forces and then generalize by introducing the “arbitrary restoring force number” (RFN). RFN is subsequently employed to study similitude in various types of discontinuous or discrete systems featuring frictional, gravitational, cohesive, elastic, and mixed restoring forces acting at the block interfaces. In the process, we explore the additional consequences of inter and intra-block elasticity on scaling. We also formulate a model describing the mechanism of structural signal transmission for the case of rigid MTS featuring inter-block restoring forces composed of elastic springs and interfacial friction, introducing the concept of “structural speed.” Finally, we validate our results by demonstrating that dynamic time-histories of field quantities and structural speeds between MTS models at various scales are governed by our proposed similitude laws, thus demonstrating the consistency of our approach.
Application of Nonlinear Krylov Solvers for Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulations of Electrical Battery Packs
Authors: Sukheswalla Parvez , Raju Mandhapati , Wang Chu , Attal Nitesh , Srivastava Kislaya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Krylov-based methods are an attractive alternative to traditional fixed-point iterative schemes, being much more robust and accurate when solving elliptic equations (e.g., the energy equation in the solid domain). This study assesses the performance of a Krylov-based accelerator, when used for conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations of an electrical battery pack. The nonlinear nature of CHT simulations (due to spatial and temporal changes in boundary conditions) necessitates the use of the non-inear form of the Krylov-based accelerator (termed NKA), which utilizes the generalized minimized residual (GMRES) method, and works by accelerating an existing fixed-point iteration scheme. NKA is used while performing steady-state CHT simulations of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery pack, specifically to help accelerate the solution of the solid domain energy equation. The effect of using either isotropic or anisotropic thermal conductivity within the cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells is also evaluated. Results obtained using the NKA accelerator are compared, in terms of accuracy and speed, with those obtained from a traditional nonlinear fixed-point iterative scheme based on successive over-relaxation (SOR). The NKA accelerator is found to perform quite well for the problem at hand, providing results with the specified accuracy, while also being between 5 and 20 times faster than SOR (while solving the solid energy equation). The robust nature of NKA also leads to better global heat balance within the battery pack at all times during the simulation. These observations hold for both the isotropic and anisotropic thermal conductivity conditions. Overall, computational cost reductions of 30–40% are observed when using NKA for the battery pack simulations. Although the performance of NKA is demonstrated for a battery cooling application, NKA performs quite well in other applications also.
Characterization of Transient Wall Heat Load for a Low NOx Lean Premixed Swirl Stabilized Can Combustor Under Reacting Conditions
Authors: Ramakrishnan Kishore Ranganath , Ahmed Shoaib , Ekkad Srinath V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As stringent emissions controls are being placed on gas turbines, modern combustor design optimization is contingent on the accurate characterization of the combustor flame side heat loads. Power generation turbines are increasingly moving toward natural gas, biogas, and syngas, whose composition is highly dependent on the sourcing location. With fuel flexible nozzles, it is important to understand the heat load from various gas mixtures to optimize the cooling design to make sure the liner is not under/over cooled for some mixtures as this has a larger effect on NOx/CO emissions. In addition to knowing the heat load distribution, it is important to understand the peak heat load under start/stop transient conditions which tend to be much higher than steady-state/cruise altitude heat loads. The present work focuses on the experimental measurement of the transient heat load along a can combustor under reacting conditions for a swirl-stabilized premixed methane–air flame. Tests were carried out under various equivalence ratios, Reynolds numbers, and pilot fuel flowrate. An infrared camera was used to measure the inner and outer wall temperatures of the liner to calculate the liner heat load. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to visualize the flowfield for various reacting conditions studied in this work. Based on the heat transfer study, a detailed report of transient heat load along the length of the liner wall has been presented here. Initial start transient heat load on the liner wall is ∼10–40% more than the steady-state heat load.
A Hybrid Antenna in Package Solution Using FOWLP Technology
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Wang Qian , Wang Bo , Wang Gang , Gu Xin , Chen Yu , Tan Lin , Zhou Shengjuan , Cai Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Widespread millimeter wave applications have promoted rapid development of system in package (SiP) and antenna in package (AiP). Most AiP structures take the form of flip chip onto antenna substrate, where signal interconnect losses are introduced by solder bumps. The integration may be unavailable for chips with fine pad pitches. Fan-out wafer level package (FOWLP) with antenna patterning on redistributed layers (RDL) is another method for millimeter wave AiP. In this project, a hybrid integration AiP structure is developed. The microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) chip and antenna unit are integrated with chip-first FOWLP process. Multilayer organic substrate with fine pitch RDL interconnections meets the requirements of wideband antenna design. Modified coplanar waveguide is adopted to feed 2 × 2 aperture array formed on RDL layer. Package warpage is measured using Shadow Moire techniques. The antenna forms an aperture-coupled stacked patch array with bandwidth 25% and gain 8.5dBi for 60 GHz digital communication system. The proposed approach is a convenient hybrid integration solution adopting FOWLP process for millimeter wave AiP systems.
Thermal Performance Intensification of Car Radiator Using SiO2/Water and ZnO/Water Nanofluids
Authors: Maghrabie Hussein M. , Mousa Hamouda M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent progress in nanotechnology has led to a revolution in the automotive cooling system. In the present work, enhancement of car radiator thermal performance was investigated using different nanofluids namely SiO2/water and ZnO/water nanofluids as cooling mediums. The present study mainly aims to investigate the impact of 5 wt% from SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in water based on car radiator heat transfer with spherical and hexagonal morphology, respectively. The experiments were performed in two working conditions of the nanofluids, i.e., coolant temperature and volume flowrate; moreover, the present results were compared with the previous studies. The experimental working conditions were set at coolant inlet temperature (tc,i) ranged from 45 to 80 °C and the coolant volume flowrate (V˙) varied from 3.5 to 6.5 liter/min. The experimental results show that the hexagonal ZnO/water nanofluid was superior toward enhancement of car radiator thermal performance comparing to that of SiO2 NPs. In addition, at 6.5 liter/min and 45 °C, the improvements of car radiator effectiveness due to using SiO2 and ZnO based water nanofluids and compared with that for the based water are 13.9% and 16%, respectively. The present study used the multiple regression analysis (MRA), and hence empirical correlations are suggested to estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for all coolants as functions of volume flowrate (V˙) and the coolant inlet temperature (tc,i) with a maximum STDEV of ±1.85%.
$${t {{\bar{t}}}H}$$ production at NNLO: the flavour off-diagonal channels
Authors: Catani Stefano , Fabre Ignacio , Grazzini Massimiliano , Kallweit Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider QCD radiative corrections to the associated production of a heavy-quark pair ($$Q{{\bar{Q}}}$$

Q

Q

¯

) with a generic colourless system F at hadron colliders. We discuss the resummation formalism for the production of the $$Q{{\bar{Q}}}F$$

Q

Q

¯

F

system at small values of its total transverse momentum $$q_T$$

q
T

. We present the results of the corresponding resummation coefficients at next-to-leading and, partly, next-to-next-to-leading order. The perturbative expansion of the resummation formula leads to the explicit ingredients that can be used to apply the $$q_T$$

q
T

subtraction formalism to fixed-order calculations for this class of processes. We use the $$q_T$$

q
T

subtraction formalism to perform a fully differential perturbative computation for the production of a top-antitop quark pair and a Higgs boson. At next-to-leading order we compare our results with those obtained with established subtraction methods and we find complete agreement. We present, for the first time, the results for the flavour off-diagonal partonic channels at the next-to-next-to-leading order.
Application of surface acoustic wave to enhance the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue
Authors: Water Walter , Shi Yu-Zhen 
Published: June 2021

The TiO2 thin film was grown on a [Formula: see text] Y-axis cut, X-axis propagation lithium niobate substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to fabricate a surface acoustic wave device. The sputtering ratios of argon to oxygen at 20% and post-annealing temperature at [Formula: see text]C for 3 h were controlled to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film. The effects of work frequency and input voltage of the surface acoustic wave device on the methylene blue photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the TiO2 thin film were investigated. The TiO2 thin film was vibrated at radio frequency by surface acoustic wave device to increase the scattering and reactive frequency for methylene blue in liquid. The surface acoustic wave device operated at 28.65 MHz work frequency and 0.95 V input voltage revealed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue. Compared to the TiO2 thin film combined with and without surface acoustic wave device, the surface acoustic wave device enhanced the TiO2 thin film photocatalytic degradation efficiency to 46%.
Influence of Cooking Methods on Antioxidant Activities of Selected Leafy Vegetables Gymnema lactiferum, Wattakaka volubilis, and Argyreia populifolia in Sri Lanka
Authors: Deyalage Sathsara T. , Wickramasinghe Indira , Amarasinghe Nimesha , Thilakarathna Gayan 
Published: June 2021

Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are abundant in bioactive compounds and constitute a crucial part of a balanced diet. Sri Lankan green leafy vegetables which are edible and available for consumption have not been thoroughly investigated, whilst their consumption can deflate the risk of arising several degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacities of the leafy vegetables, Gymnema lactiferum (Kurignan), Wattakaka volubilis (Aguna), and Argyreia populifolia (Girithilla), with different thermal treatments (70°C, 120°C, and 170°C) which are used in domestic cooking processes. Heat treatments significantly affect the antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of most vegetables analyzed, either increasing or decreasing the concentration of these compounds. In the presence of thermal treatments, Gymnema lactiferum (14.52-20.28 mg GAE/g DW) and Wattakaka volubilis (19.75-27.13 mg GAE/g DW) showed a significantly higher (

p
<
0.05

) total phenolic content. The temperature treatment did not alter the ABTS radical scavenging activity in Gymnema lactiferum. In contrast, an increment of ferric reducing antioxidant power (41.26-54.85 mg TE/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.11-0.26 mg TE/g DW) was observed. Wattakaka volubilis treated at 170°C appeared to have a significantly higher amount (

104.93
±
1.41

mg

TE/g DW) of ferric reducing antioxidant power compared to its raw form. All cooking processes with their corresponding thermal treatments caused a significantly lower (

p
<
0

) amount of antioxidant capacity in Argyreia populifolia.
On the Use and Abuse of Francisco de Vitoria: James Brown Scott and Carl Schmitt
Authors: Smeltzer Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article traces the use and abuse of Francisco de Vitoria in the work of James Brown Scott and Carl Schmitt. With reference to his notebook entries from the period, it argues that Schmitt’s interpretation of Francisco de Vitoria and the Respublica Christiana in Der Nomos der Erde was a polemical response to the work of James Brown Scott, meant to weaponise the legacy of Vitoria and thereby undercut the basis for liberal internationalist theories of just war and the formal equality of states. In doing so, the present study provides a historicist account of Schmitt’s own attempt to construct a history of the law of nations in the aftermath of World War II.