bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems Leadership: how Chief Executives manage tension between organisation and system pressures
Authors: Gordon Ben , Thomas Matthew Gwynfryn , Aufegger Lisa , Darzi Ara , Bicknell Colin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAimSystem leadership is the requirement for a leader of a single organisation to operate on behalf of a wider system, rather than their individual organisation. It is not clear to what extent the current policy landscape supports leaders in managing misalignment between the needs of their organisation and the wider system, as many national structures still emphasise a focus on individual organisations. This study aims to understand how Chief Executives implement system leadership in practice when faced with decisions that benefit the system to the detriment of their own trust.MethodologySemi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Chief Executives from a range of trust types to understand their perceptions and decision-making process in practice. Semantic thematic analysis was used to draw out themes in relation to how Chief Executives approach decisions which weigh up the system and organisation.ResultsThemes raised by interviewees included both advantages (such as support in managing demand) and disadvantages (such as increased bureaucracy) of system leadership and practical considerations in operationalisation (such as the importance of interpersonal relationships). Interviewees endorsed system leadership in principle, but did not feel that the organisational incentives as currently structured support the implementation of system leadership in practice. This was not seen as a major challenge or impediment to effective leadership.ConclusionAs a specific policy area, a direct focus on systems leadership is not necessarily helpful. Chief Executives should be supported to make decisions in a complex environment, without a specific focus on healthcare systems as a unit of operation.
Biomimetic Vasculatures by 3D-Printed Porous Molds
Authors: Ching Terry , Vasudevan Jyothsna , Chang Shu-Yung , Tan Hsih Yin , Lim Chwee Teck , Fernandez Javier. G. , Ng Jun Jie , Toh Yi-Chin , Hashimoto Michinao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnatomically and biologically relevant vascular models are critical to progress our understanding of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that can lead to effective therapies. Despite advances in 3D bioprinting, recapitulating complex architectures (i.e., freestanding, branching, multilayered, perfusable) of a cell-laden vascular construct remains technically challenging, and the development of new techniques that can recapitulate both anatomical and biological features of blood vessels is of paramount importance. In this work, we introduce a unique, microfluidics-enabled molding technique that allows us to fabricate anatomically-relevant, cell-laden hydrogel vascular models. Our approach employed 3D-printed porous molds of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as templates to cast alginate-containing bioinks. Due to the porous and aqueous nature of the PEGDA mold, the calcium ion (Ca2+) was diffusively released to crosslink the bioinks to create hollow structures. Applying this technique, multiscale, multilayered vascular constructs that were freestanding and perfusable were readily fabricated using cell-compatible bioinks (i.e., alginate and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)). The bioinks were also readily customizable to either improve the compatibility with specific vascular cells or tune the mechanical modulus to mimic native blood vessels. Importantly, we successfully integrated smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in a biomimetic organization within our vessel constructs and demonstrated a significant increase in monocyte adhesion upon stimulation with an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We also demonstrated that the fabricated vessels were amenable for testing percutaneous coronary interventions (i.e., drug-eluting balloons and stents) under physiologically-relevant mechanical states, such as vessel stretching and bending. Overall, we introduce a versatile fabrication technique with multi-faceted possibilities of generating biomimetic vascular models that can benefit future research in mechanistic understanding of CVD progression and the development of therapeutic interventions.
Characterizing SERCA function in murine skeletal muscles after 35-37 days of spaceflight
Authors: Braun Jessica L. , Geromella Mia S. , Hamstra Sophie I. , Messner Holt N. , Fajardo Val A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is well established that microgravity exposure causes significant muscle weakness and atrophy via muscle unloading. On Earth, muscle unloading leads to a disproportionate loss in muscle force and size with the loss in muscle force occurring at a faster rate. Though the exact mechanisms are unknown, a role for Ca2+dysregulation has been suggested. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA) pump actively brings cytosolic Ca2+into the SR, eliciting muscle relaxation and maintaining low intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i). SERCA dysfunction contributes to elevations in [Ca2+]i, leading to cellular damage and thus may contribute to the muscle weakness and atrophy observed with spaceflight. Here, we investigated SERCA function, SERCA regulatory protein content (sarcolipin, phospholamban, and neuronatin), and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) protein adduction in murine skeletal muscle after 35-37 days of spaceflight. In male and female soleus muscles, spaceflight led to drastic impairments in Ca2+uptake despite significant increases in SERCA1a protein content. We attribute this impairment to an increase in RONS production and elevated total protein tyrosine (T) nitration and cysteine (S) nitrosylation. Contrarily, in the tibialis anterior (TA) we observed an enhancement in Ca2+uptake, which we attribute to a shift towards a faster muscle fiber type (i.e., increased myosin heavy chain IIb and SERCA1a) without elevated total protein T-nitration and S-nitrosylation. Thus, spaceflight affects SERCA function differently between the soleus and TA. As the soleus is severely affected by spaceflight, future studies should determine whether improving SERCA function in this muscle can mitigate muscle atrophy and weakness.
Contribution of PRME in education, research, and outreach in Brazilian higher education institutions
Authors: Avelar Aline Bento Ambrósio , Silva-Oliveira Keilla Dayane da , Farina Milton Carlos , Pereira Raquel da Silva 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the contribution of the UN’s Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) in higher education, covering education, research and outreach in Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) after becoming signatories.

Design/methodology/approach
Teachers representing Brazilian HEI signatories to the PRME were interviewed. The IRAMUTEQ software was used for content analysis, descending hierarchical classification and similarity tree, allowing to quantify the quality variables originating from the professors’ beliefs and opinions.

Findings
The PRME helps Brazilian HEIs to review or create disciplines related to responsible management education and adopt transdisciplinarity for sustainability. The signatories’ PRME-influenced research is interdisciplinary, focusing on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Social responsibility is promoted through local-community projects, while partnerships, initiatives and innovative pedagogies from foreign-signatory HEIs provide international experiences for teachers and students. However, within one initiative, which had 170 signatories in 2008 and over 800 in 2020, indicators should be formulated to analyze and enhance HEIs’ sustainability profile. The PRME contributes to educating young people and adults in Brazil via education, research or outreach; however, this contribution needs to be assessed.

Originality/value
Prior studies have not collected data through interviews to consider professors’ perspectives on the PRME’s contribution to signatory HEIs in Brazil. This study interviewed professors involved with the PRME to broaden their understanding beyond bibliometrics and assess the alignment of the PRME and UN SDGs.
Green strategies and relationship maintenance: a network evolution perspective
Authors: Han Pengfei , Wang Haifeng , Fan Peihua 
Published: September 2021

PurposeAlong with the important impact of green strategies on firm survival and performance improvement, its dark side likewise requires attention. By integrating network evolution theory with the literature on green supply chain management, this study proposes a theoretical framework consisting of green strategies, network conduct (cooperation length), network structure (structural holes) and relationship maintenance. The purpose of this study is to indicate how green strategies can affect relationship maintenance on the basis of a network evolution perspective, and demonstrate how this effect can be influenced by cooperation length and structural holes.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 122 matched pairs of the upstream and downstream supply chain from the Chinese paper-making industry, which is in urgent requirement of green strategies due to high pollution and resource consumption.FindingsThis study theoretically and empirically indicates that green strategies may have a positive impact on relationship maintenance. In addition, this effect can be positively moderated by cooperation length, but negatively moderated by structural holes.Originality/valueThis study uncovers the impact of green strategies on relationship maintenance by proposing a network evolution perspective, which could solve its conflicting effects in a specific context and move extant research a step forward.
“Going on a sensory adventure, a touchy subject?”: investigating haptic technology and consumer adventure orientation
Authors: Mulcahy Rory Francis , Riedel Aimee 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it seeks to extend service and retailers understanding of how the inclusion of haptics can gamify digital service experiences. Second, it seeks to understand the moderating role of consumers orientation towards adventure in service experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a two-study, 2 (haptic technology: present vs absent) × 2 (adventure orientation: high vs low) to test the proposed hypotheses (Study 1 n = 210, Study 2 n = 452). The data are tested using ANCOVA's and Hayes PROCESS Macro to investigate mean differences and the potential presence of two different moderated mediated relationships.FindingsThe results are consistent across the two experimental studies evidencing that the inclusion of haptics to gamify the service experience leads to significantly improved outcomes for service brands and channels. Further, the results demonstrate that the impact of haptics is greater for consumers with a lower, compared to higher, sense of adventure. Thus, the results demonstrate that whilst haptics improves consumers experiences with technological services overall, this is more prevalent for those who have “less sense of adventure”.Originality/valueThis paper sheds insight into the emerging area of haptic technology and is one of the first to specifically examine the impact of consumers “sense of adventure.”
In vivo, in vitro and in silico: an open space for the development of microbe‐based applications of synthetic biology
Authors: Danchin Antoine 
Published: September 2021

SummaryLiving systems are studied using three complementary approaches: living cells, cell‐free systems and computer‐mediated modelling. Progresses in understanding, allowing researchers to create novel chassis and industrial processes rest on a cycle that combines in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies. This design–build–test–learn iteration loop cycle between experiments and analyses combines together physiology, genetics, biochemistry and bioinformatics in a way that keeps going forward. Because computer‐aided approaches are not directly constrained by the material nature of the entities of interest, we illustrate here how this virtuous cycle allows researchers to explore chemistry which is foreign to that present in extant life, from whole chassis to novel metabolic cycles. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of evolution.
Inflammation‐nutritional markers of peripheral blood could predict survival in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Pu Dan , Xu Qian , Zhou Lai‐Yan , Zhou Yu‐Wen , Liu Ji‐Yan , Ma Xue‐Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation‐nutritional markers of peripheral blood are easily assessed and can predict survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammation‐nutritional parameters and survival of anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) therapy in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study from March 2017 to April 2020 in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between peripheral blood parameters (absolute lymphocyte count [ALC], absolute neutrophil count [ANC], absolute monocyte count [AMC], absolute eosinocyte count [AEC], lactic dehydrogenase [LDH], plasma‐albumin [ALB], neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and platelet/lymphocyte ratio [PLR]) measured before therapy initiation and prognosis.ResultsAmong 184 evaluable patients, 134 (72.8%) were male and the median age was 58 years (range 33–87) with 31 (16.8%) ≥70 years. An elevated ANC (≥7500/ul), NLR (≥5), and PLR (≥200) was significantly associated with worse objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), while increased ALC (≥1000/ul) and ALB (≥3.5 g/dl) could significantly improve survival in terms of ORR, PFS, and OS. In multivariate analyses, higher AEC (≥150/ul) and AMC (≥650/ul) could significantly decrease the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.363, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.141–0.931, p = 0.035; HR 0.370, 95% CI 0.203–0.675, p = 0.001). A higher NLR and PLR, and lower ALB were independent predictors of poor prognosis for OS (HR 1.964, 95% CI 1.027–3.755, p = 0.041; HR 4.255, 95% CI 2.364–7.658, p = 0.000; HR 1.962, 95% CI 1.213–3.174, p = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionOur research illustrated that pretreatment AEC, AMC, ALB, NLR, and PLR are independent predictors for survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors.
Combined effect of salinity and hypoxia in seedlings of two varieties of Panicum coloratum: Morphology, root system architecture, oxidative damage and antioxidant response
Authors: Lifschitz Mauro , Tommasino Exequiel , Zabala Juan Marcelo , Grunberg Karina , Ramos Julio Cesar , Tomás María Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of the combination of salinity and waterlogging may be additive, or alternatively, more or less detrimental than effects of them separately. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of waterlogging, salinity and the combination of both on seedlings of Panicum coloratum, a subtropical forage grass. Seedlings of cultivars Kapivera INTA (KA) and Klein (KL) were exposed to treatments in a controlled hydroponic experiment and several morphological and physiological variables evaluated. The effect of hypoxia was almost null when the plants were already in salinity. KA showed lower reduction than KL in shoot biomass. Both varieties showed synergistic effect of stresses, indicating that biomass production was less affected under the combined treatment than predicted from them separately. Root length, tips, forks and volume were reduced by saline exposure, while no differences in root architecture was noticeable between cultivars. Plants of KA increased leaf temperature in salinity. Nonenzymatic oxidative response and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in saline conditions and were lower in KA than in KL. Oxidative damage was equivalent between cultivars and among stress conditions. Proline content was comparable to control in hypoxia but increased significantly in saline conditions, with a higher response in KL than in KA. Increases in Na+ (over 900%) and decreases in K+ (50%) tissue concentration in salinity occurred only in KA. In general, P. coloratum proved more tolerant to hypoxia than to salinity or their combination, KA being more tolerant than KL. Findings provide basis to deepen research into tolerance mechanisms.
Loss of tumor protein 53 protects against alcohol‐induced facial malformations in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Fish Eric W. , Tucker Scott K. , Peterson Rachel L. , Eberhart Johann K. , Parnell Scott E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage of development causes the craniofacial and brain malformations that define fetal alcohol syndrome. These malformations, such as a deficient philtrum, are exemplified by a loss of midline tissue and correspond, at least in part, to regionally selective cell death in the embryo. The tumor suppressor protein Tp53 is an important mechanism for cell death, but the role of Tp53 in the consequences of alcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage has yet to be examined. The current studies used mice and zebrafish to test whether genetic loss of Tp53 is a conserved mechanism to protect against the effects of early developmental stage alcohol exposure.MethodsFemale mice, heterozygous for a mutation in the Tp53 gene, were mated with Tp53 heterozygous males, and the resulting embryos were exposed during gastrulation on gestational day 7 (GD 7) to alcohol (two maternal injections of 2.9 g/kg, i.p., 4 h apart) or a vehicle control. Zebrafish mutants or heterozygotes for the tp53zdf1 M214K mutation and their wild‐type controls were exposed to alcohol (1.5% or 2%) beginning 6 h postfertilization (hpf), the onset of gastrulation.ResultsExamination of GD 17 mice revealed that eye defects were the most common phenotype among alcohol‐exposed fetuses, occurring in nearly 75% of the alcohol‐exposed wild‐type fetuses. Tp53 gene deletion reduced the incidence of eye defects in both the heterozygous and mutant fetuses (to about 35% and 20% of fetuses, respectively) and completely protected against alcohol‐induced facial malformations. Zebrafish (4 days postfertilization) also demonstrated alcohol‐induced reductions of eye size and trabeculae length that were less common and less severe in tp53 mutants, indicating a protective effect of tp53 deletion.ConclusionsThese results identify an evolutionarily conserved role of Tp53 as a pathogenic mechanism for alcohol‐induced teratogenesis.
Intracranial infected collections and epidemiology in the top end, Northern Territory, Australia. A 10‐year case series
Authors: Yoon Joseph , O'Bryan Claire Maree , Maclachlan Liam , Redmond Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of intracranial infected collections (IIC) ranges between 0.4 and 1.2/100 000 persons per year. There is anecdotal evidence that residents in Top End of the Northern Territory are at a greater risk of infections with protracted clinical presentations. To our knowledge, there is no study to date to explore IIC in the Top End.MethodsRetrospective observational analysis of IIC in the Top End, Northern Territory, Australia from 2009 to 2019. International classification of disease code G06 was used to identify cases diagnosed at Royal Darwin, Gove District and Katherine Hospital with no restriction of age or gender.ResultsA total of 51 cases were identified. This equated to an incidence of 2.9 (95% CI 2.2–3.8) in 100 000 PPY. When separated into Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations, the respective incidences were 8.65 (95% CI 6.2–12.1) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.9) in 100 000 PPY. The Indigenous population was at a significantly higher risk of IIC compared with non‐Indigenous Australians with a relative risk of 7.3 (P < 0.0001 95% CI 4.0–13.3). The most common aetiology was otogenic infections with all cases being identified in the Indigenous population. Comparison of other clinical parameters between the two populations were not statistically significant.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of a retrospective study, the incidence of IICs is higher in the Top End than reported elsewhere in the literature. This is particularly true for the Indigenous population.
Impact of rurality and ethnicity on complexity of acute diverticulitis in Northland, New Zealand
Authors: Varghese Chris , Lengyel Olivia , McGuinness Matthew James , Harmston Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute diverticulitis is a common general surgical condition associated with significant costs and healthcare burden. It is unknown if rurality represents a barrier to healthcare and whether ethnic disparities exist in Northland, New Zealand. This study, therefore, aims to assess the impact of rurality and ethnicity on complexity, management, and outcomes in patients with acute diverticulitis.MethodsA retrospective observational study of all adults aged >18 years admitted with acute diverticulitis to any Northland District Health Board hospital between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 was performed. Diverticulitis complexity was assessed using the modified Hinchey classification. The primary outcome was the effect of rurality and ethnicity on complexity of diverticulitis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed.ResultsA total of 397 patients (mean age 60.3 years (standard deviation (SD) 13.8); 48.7% female) were included. Overall, 134 patients had complicated diverticulitis. Rurality nor distance from the hospital were not associated with complexity of diverticulitis or clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). Maori patients presented younger than non‐Maori (mean 51 vs. 63 years, p < 0.001) but there was no difference in complications, management, or clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). On multivariable analysis, rurality status and Maori ethnicity were not associated with more complicated diverticulitis.ConclusionThis study found that rurality and ethnicity were not significant predictors of the complexity of diverticulitis.
The role of transformational leadership and leaders’ skills for new agricultural cooperatives in post‐soviet countries
Authors: Hejkrlik Jiri , Chaloupkova Petra , Sokolska Tetyana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTeam leadership plays a crucial role in the management of agricultural cooperatives, especially in post‐Soviet countries where farmers keep bad experiences from the collectivization of their farms. The main objective of the research was to investigate how important the role of leadership is in the process of establishing, initial sustaining of cooperation and members’ commitment among small farmers in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Leadership was analysed from multiple perspectives using an explanatory sequential mixed approach involving quantitative and qualitative methods. We interviewed 293 cooperative leaders and members. The partial least squares structural equation model was used to examine the relationship between multiple constructs and variables. We concluded that leaders do differ in some of their characteristics from other members. They are the most active in the group, influencing all major decisions, playing a crucial role in trust‐building and group cohesion. Their skills and leadership style are significantly important for members’ commitment to the group's success. However, the dominance of group founders and lack of understanding of cooperative principles among members indicate some emerging challenges to the cooperatives’ sustainability and efficiency, and it is necessary to focus on the progressive professionalization and capacity building of leaders while maintaining a transformational leadership style.