bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening and Stability Evaluation of Reference Genes for Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction inAgrilus zanthoxylumi(Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Di Chen , Ping Yang , Li Guo , Shou-An Xie , Xue-Fang Gong , Shu-Jie L.V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelection of suitable reference genes is crucial to accurately evaluate and normalize the relative expression level of target genes for gene function research. Our study selected suitable reference genes for analyzing the gene expression of Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Six candidate genes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction: the histone gene, the β-tubulin gene, the actin gene, 18S ribosomal RNA, and 28S-1 and 28S-2 ribosomal RNA. The expression of the candidate reference genes in different tissue samples (head, thorax, abdomen, legs, and wings) of A. zanthoxylumi was evaluated and analyzed by using GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software programs. Gene expression stability results show that the expression of the 28S-2 gene is the most stable of the six candidate genes in all tissues of female A. zanthoxylumi, followed by the 28S-1 gene. The actin gene has the most stable expression of the six genes in male tissues, followed by the 28S-2 gene. The screening results of reference genes with the most stable expression in different sexes and tissues obtained in this study can be used for the subsequent quantitative expression research of related genes and provide theoretical basis and reference materials for the research of related gene expression levels of A. zanthoxylumi.
Monitoring the transition of patients on biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: Consensus guidance for pharmacists
Authors: Choquette Denis , Chan Jonathan , Bardi Mohammad , Whiskin Carolyn , Torani Gabriel , Smith Brennan K. , Sihota Aaron 
Published: September 2021

Background: Recent approvals for novel agents such as the small molecule Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), combined with the advent of biosimilars has widened the gamut of available therapeutic options in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This combined with the introduction of mandatory non- medical switches to biosimilars in some jurisdictions by both public and private payors has led to a significant increase in the volume of therapeutic changes for patients. Pharmacists are well positioned to ensure effective and safe transitions, however there is a significant unmet need for objective and subjective clinical guidance around therapy as well disease state monitoring in RA that facilitates best practices throughout the patient journey.
Objective: In this paper we aim to create a consensus derived monitoring algorithm for pharmacists to facilitate best practices throughout therapeutic transitions from originator biologic to other originator biologics, biosimilars, and Janus kinase inhibitors in RA.
Methods: The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used to understand if consensus could be found among the participants. Clinically relevant questions were developed to capture solutions to the identified unmet need. The faculty considered the questions as individuals, and privately generated answers/ideas. After discussion and consideration, the participants ranked the ideas and established a consensus.
Results: Based on the outcome of the consensus discussions, an algorithm was created to help guide pharmacists through therapeutic transitions in RA. The tool covers important topics such as pre-transition considerations, avoiding the nocebo effect for biosimilars, specific considerations for each drug or class, monitoring efficacy, and when to refer.
Conclusions: New classes of anti-rheumatic drugs including JAKi, along with the introduction of biosimilars are presenting more opportunity for therapeutic changes and monitoring in patients with RA. We hope our evidence-based consensus derived guidance tool will assist frontline pharmacists in supporting their patients to a successful therapeutic transition in RA.
The Integration of Managed Pressure Drilling MPD and Automated Well Control Technology
Authors: Atchison Bryan Wade , Wuest Chad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Digitalisation and automation can account for massive efficiencies in wells operations. Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Automated Well Control are examples of "smart" technologies that can mitigate risks and costs associated with drilling wells. The Automated Well Control system was developed to monitor the well, identify an influx, take control of the rig equipment and shut in the well. MPD provides annular pressure control, real-time information of the well parameters and conditions downhole and very accurate and immediate influx detection. However, if a high intensity influx is taken that exceeds the pre-planned operational limits of the MPD package, then secondary well control is required. Therefore, a combination of Automated Well Control and MPD has been developed to deliver both pressure control and well control in a safe, efficient and less error-prone manner. On an MPD operation, the Automated Well Control system shuts-in the well as soon as it is required to do so. With Automated Well Control in MPD mode, the MPD system decides when to shut in and the Automated Well Control technology will immediately space out, stop the mud pumps and top-drive, and shut in the well using the pre-selected blowout preventer. This interface between the two systems mitigates drilling hazards using automation. The sensitivity of MPD, combined with Automated Well Control technology enables fast identification, decision making and reaction to well control events. Consequently, this fully integrated solution improves safety and operational efficiency.
The MPD and Automated Well Control systems were integrated into a test rig and several tests were efficiently performed. The tool enabled immediate action in the event of influxes, providing a valuable solution for the industry. This paper briefly describes MPD and Automated Well Control and summarises the interface between the two technologies, detailing how the integrated system works on a rig. Moreover, rig trialling results and further developments are presented.
Challenges and Opportunities Related to Use of Models in Drilling Operations
Authors: Ottermo Maria Vatshaug , Bjørkevoll Knut Steinar , Onshus Tor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Automation of managed pressure drilling (MPD) has a big potential for improving consistency, efficiency, and safety of operations, and is therefore pursued by many actors. While this development mitigates many risk elements, it also adds some related to for example mathematical algorithms and remote access. This work is based on document reviews, interviews, and working sessions with the industry, and adds insight on how risks associated with moving to higher levels of automation of MPD can be mitigated to a level where benefits are significantly larger than the sum of added risks.
The work has resulted in many recommendations for the industry, where most were related to testing, verification, and validation of the models and data inputs, as well as meaningful human control and employing a holistic approach when introducing new models. Recommendations were also given to the Petroleum Safety Authority Norway. These were related to missing or inadequate use of standards by the industry, lack of ICT knowledge, and encouraging increased experience sharing.
Future work should address how to enable meaningful human control as models become more complex or to a larger extent is based on empirical data and artificial intelligence as opposed to models based on first principles. Human control is important in unexpected situations in which the system fails to act safely. There is also a need to address ICT security issues arising when remote operation becomes more common.
MPD During the Global Pandemic in the Gulf of Mexico - How Virtual Meetings, Planning, and Communication Facilitated a Safe and Successful Implementation of CBHP MPD
Authors: Tuckwell Nathan , Nabiyev Akram , Parker Martyn , Poletzky Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper details how a major international operator was able to work directly with a Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) service provider during the global pandemic to mobilize to a deep water Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in the Gulf of Mexico in fewer than four weeks from notification to being operationally ready. Apart from the time crunch, the challenging part was achieving it virtually without face-to-face meetings or rig visit. The legacy hydraulically controlled MPD system used on the previous well had proven to be very challenging. It could not provide the desired precise control to maintain the annular pressures within the operational window, thus necessitating a change. Furthermore, the deck space limitations had significantly restricted the equipment that could be used to gain accurate pressure control.
Despite COVID, all the planning stages were performed, albeit virtually, and a compact modular electric servo choke MPD system was deployed, installed, and commissioned within four weeks from the initial discussions. The new MPD system, which replaced the legacy system, was successfully utilized on this project executing the constant bottom hole pressure (CBHP) MPD variations. It achieved bottom hole pressure (BHP) control within a 0.1 - 0.2 ppg operational window.
This paper will discuss how, operationally, this 1-man per shift MPD crew communicated with the rig and operator personnel, delivered accurate pressure control on connections, performed dynamic formation integrity tests (FITs), delivering flawless execution, and meeting the client's expectations. Global pandemic made big changes in our work, learning and interact with people with social distancing.
Collaborative Engineering and Design Leads to Optimized MPD Land Rig Concept
Authors: Hovland Svein , Gonzalez Ricardo , Knight Ian , Patil Harshad , Matherne Gregory 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a land rig concept optimized for managed pressure drilling (MPD) service deployment, achieved through close partnership between an MPD technology provider and a drilling contractor.
An initial scoping phase identified high-level requirements based on the Operator's planned drilling plans. After the initial concept selection engineering teams continued to optimize MPD rig integration. The engineering teams collaborated closely on optimal placement and configuration for maximum operational efficiency. The system was designed to facilitate fast rig moves and walking within each pad with minimum disruption to other processes. Safety and handling issues were identified in the detailed design stage and allowed optimizing field deployment and operability. The equipment was paired with an MPD control system that was fully integrated in the rigs’ drilling automation platform, enabling consistent, reliable, and repeatable performance.
This paper will outline the concept selection process, the design and deployment phase, and further optimization that was implemented after initial learnings.
Integrating an MPD System on a Jack-Up Rig; Why You Should and How You Can
Authors: Polkinghorne Jason , Cadd Michael , Graham Robert , Stoian Emil , Sandell Richard , Nugent Jason 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The benefits of Managed Pressure Drilling are well understood in the drilling industry, but until now, they have never been integrated into a Jack-Up rig. For a UK North Sea HPHT campaign, the Drilling Contractor, Operator and MPD Service Provider collaborated for what is believed to be the World's first fully integrated, permanently installed MPD system for a Jack-Up, capable of drilling the most challenging narrow-margin HPHT wells.
Overcoming the perceived complexity and cost of MPD are common obstacles. Integrating MPD systems into jack-up rigs addresses both challenges by simplifying logistics planning and operations and reducing costs. Putting MPD at the heart of the rig's drilling system offers a wealth of advantages to both the Operator and Drilling Contractor and provides ‘MPD on demand’ for all operations undertaken from the rig.
Symmetry and Middle Paleolithic Points: A Case Study of Iran's Middle Paleolithic Points
Authors: Feizi Nasim , Nasab Hamed Vahdati 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The throwing capacity of Middle Paleolithic points has been an important issue since the discovery of the Neanderthals toolbox. In the Middle Paleolithic, hominins (Neanderthals or H. sapiens) made trusting points with limited or no throwing capability. Projectile points as a long-range weapon were replaced the trusting and guaranteed the survival of modern humans. Several attempts have been made to recognize the aerodynamic differences between Middle and Upper Paleolithic Points. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the symmetry and projectile motion rules related to it. In this paper, symmetry and other morphological features, including length, width, weight, cross-sectional area, flatting, and elongation, have been measured on 280 points collected from five Iranian Middle Paleolithic sites. In addition, the Iranian Middle Paleolithic data is compared with several Middle, Upper, and Neolithic sites outside of Iran. The results indicate that the evolution of symmetry alongside increased elongation and proportionality in measurable characteristics was a critical factor in creating projectile points.
Methodological Approaches for Assessing Certainty of the Evidence in Umbrella Reviews: a Systematic Review
Authors: Sadoyu Saranrat , Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Punrum Nontaporn , Paengtrai Sobhon , Lai Nai Ming , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Ngorsuraches Surachat , Bangpan Mukdarut , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To identify and describe the methodological approaches for assessing the certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews (URs) of meta-analyses (MAs).Study Design and Setting: We included URs that included SR-MAs of interventions and non-interventions. We searched from 3 databases including PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from 2010 to 2020.Results: 138 URs have been included consisting of 96 and 42 URs of interventions and non-interventions, respectively. Only 31 (32.3%) of URs of interventions assessed certainty of evidence, in which the GRADE approach was the most frequently used method (N=20, 64.5%) followed by creditability assessments (N=6, 12.9%). Conversely, thirty (71.4%) of URs of non-interventions assessed certainty of evidence, in which the criteria for credibility assessment were mainly used (N=28; 93%). URs published in journals with high journal impact factor (JIF) are more likely to assess certainty of evidence than URs published in low JIFs. Conclusions: Only one-third of URs that included MAs of experimental designs have assessed the certainty of the evidence in contrast to the majority of the URs of observational studies. Therefore, guidance and standards are required to ensure the methodological rigor and consistency of certainty of evidence assessment for URs.
The Effect of Phenyl Acetic Acid (PPA) On Micropropagation of Date Palm Followed By Genetic Stability Assessment
Authors: Al–Mayahi Ahmed Madi Waheed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Date palm is propagated by the offshoots, the number of which is limited. Therefore, adult date palms produce shoot tips and axillary buds meristems through the use of tissue culture. The micropropagation of the date palm also still faces many obstacles. Here, we established an efficient plant-regeneration system for (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Ashgar by tissue culture. Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) (2.0 and 5.0 mg L− 1) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or phenylacetic acid (PAA) (0.05–2.00 mg L− 1) was used to initiate shoot formation from callus tissues. The maximum number of shoots per jar was produced on a medium containing 5.0 mgL− 1 BA and 0.5 mg L− 1 PAA. The medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL− 1 BA in combination with 0.05 m L− 1 PAA gave the highest callus induction (+++). A decrease in browning percentage was observed in the tissue cultured in the media supplied with BA in combination with NAA or PAA compared to the media provided with BA alone. In comparison with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.45 mg g− 1 in buds cultured in the media supplemented with 5.0 mg L− 1 BA and 0.5 mg L− 1 PAA. The RAPD DNA-based fingerprinting technique confirmed the genomic stability of this protocol. RAPD binding patterns showed no difference between the tissue culture-derived plants tested. The in vitro micropropagation protocol reported here can be presented to produce genetically stable date palm plants.
Formation of TiO2/natural Melanin Nanostructure Hybrids with Enhanced Optical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Madkhali nawal , Algessair Saja 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, with the progress of research in amending and developing the properties of inorganic materials, researchers have become focused on using inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials such as organic materials from natural sources that have proven effective in improving the properties of materials in various applications. In recent years, melanin has become an attractive topic for researchers due to its distinctive structural properties that have been distinguished in various application fields. Here, we report the use of ultrasonication under UV radiation for synthesis. The influence of natural melanin on the structural, optical and thermal properties of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. It was observed that incorporating natural melanin on TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-Mel) occurred at approximately 2.01 eV with low value of Urbach energy around 100 meV indicates improvement in crystalline structure. Thermal results showed that TiO2-Mel is stable even with temperatures up to 400°C. According to the results obtained by the thermal stability of melanin with titanium dioxide can makes it a good candidate in many application such as solar cells and optoelectronic that require optical efficiency and thermal stability for long periods.
Alternative Vaccination Politics
Authors: Manca Davide , Benincasa Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The timely implementation of the vaccination campaign and sharp rules for vaccine administration can make a difference. The paper investigates the impact of alternative policies based on scientific vaccination priorities inspired by the extended statistics on Covid-19 fatalities.
Methods

In the case of Covid-19 vaccination, a principal role is played by promptly adopting a reverse-order of age approach (to target first the elderly) coupled to covering the high priority categories but postponing the low priority ones. We implemented an in silico vaccination simulator capable of comparing what happened in reality with what might have happened if alternative vaccination policies had been adopted. The immunization profile and the death distribution curve allowed measuring the distance between reality and alternative policies and finally quantifying the expected number of saved lives.
Results

The alternative approach to vaccination was applied to Italy and Lombardy that host 60 and 10 million residents respectively. In about 100 days of vaccination based on (a) a reverse-order of age policy (from 90 + to 80–89 to 70–79 year-olds, etc.), (b) vaccination of priority categories, (c) postponement of non-priority categories and reallocation of such doses to (a) and (b), the saved lives would have been 3969 in Italy (of which 799 in Lombardy). In the same period, Italy suffered 30,911 fatalities (of which 5,613 in Lombardy). Of those fatalities, about 12.8% in Italy and 14.2% in Lombardy might have been avoided if a different approach to vaccination had been applied. Even better results would have been achieved if the elderly vaccination had been anticipated a few days (which started only 53 days after the very beginning of the Italian vaccination campaign) or if the vaccination engine had performed better in terms of daily administered doses while respecting the available delivered doses.
Conclusions

A different approach to the vaccination politics based on sharp and straight policies based on scientific quantitative data of Covid-19 mortality as a function of age and comorbidities would have accomplished a better quantitative effect on extinguishing the pandemic and containing the fatalities toll.
Factors Affecting Primary Care Physician Decision-Making for Patients with Complex Multimorbidity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schuttner Linnaea , Sherlock Stacey Hockett , Simons Carol , Ralston James D , Rosland Ann-Marie , Nelson Karin , Lee Jenney R , Sayre George 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) and additional psychosocial complexity are at higher risk of adverse outcomes. Establishing treatment or care plans for these patients must account for their disease interactions, finite self-management abilities, and even conflicting treatment recommendations from clinical practice guidelines. Despite existing insight into how primary care physicians (PCPs) approach care decisions for their patients in general, less is known about how PCPs make care planning decisions for more complex populations. We therefore sought to describe factors affecting physician decision-making when care planning for complex patients with multimorbidity
Methods
This was a qualitative study involving semi-structured telephone interviews with PCPs working ≥ 40% time in a team-based, patient-centered medical home setting in the integrated healthcare system of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Interviews were conducted from April to July, 2020. Content was analyzed with inductive thematic analysis.
Results
25 physicians participated in interviews; most were MDs (n = 21) and worked in hospital-affiliated clinics (n = 14) across all regions of the VHA’s national clinic network. Seven major themes emerged for factors affecting decision-making for complex patients with multimorbidity. Physicians described collaborating on care plans with their care team; considering impacts from patient access and resources on care plans; the boundaries provided by organizational structures; tailoring decisions to individual patients; making decisions in keeping with an underlying internal style or habit; working towards an overarching goal for care; and impacts on decisions from their own emotions and relationship with patient.
Conclusions
PCPs described individual, relationship-based, and environmental factors affecting their care planning for high-risk and complex patients with multimorbidity in the VHA. Findings offer useful strategies employed by physicians to effectively conduct care planning for complex patients, such as delegation of follow-up within care teams, optimizing visit time vs frequency, and deliberate investment in patient relationship building to gain buy-in to care plans.