bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VR Technology in Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering Major Education
Authors: Yu Wenhong , Zhao Yue , Zhao Junlan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a new science and technology, VR technology occupies a pivotal position in social development and progress. It is an indispensable link in the current college teaching field. This article elaborates on the connotation and characteristics of VR technology, analyzes and discusses the necessity of VR technology in building environment and energy application engineering major education, and VR technology application in the major.
Progress in combined modification of rubberized asphalt
Authors: Xiao Mao , Jitao Yao , Chen Liuzhuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The traditional rubberized asphalt has various disadvantages such as low resistance to rutting, difficulty in stabilized during manufacture, poor fluidity during processing and pollution. Combined modification of rubberized asphalt is reviewed in this paper for developing an effective way to resolve the above mentioned problems. According to the chemical properties of rubber asphalt composite modifiers, it is divided into four types: polymer, inorganic substance, plasticizer and other four types. The reasons for the incorporation of each type of composite modifier and the current research and application status at home and abroad are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages and modification mechanisms of various composite modifiers are reviewed. It is believed that the existence of chemical cross-linking network of rubber powder brings challenges to the compounding process and effect evaluation. Nevertheless, compound modification and environmentally friendly processing of multiple modifiers under the premise of green de-crosslinking is the future development direction of rubber asphalt.
Review on self compacting concrete with manufactured sand
Authors: Yankun ZHANG , Guangzhi CAI , Dongya QIAN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the decrease of natural sand, the manufactured sand is used instead of natural sand to prepare concrete. The research and application of self compacting concrete with manufactured sand in recent years are reviewed in the paper, including influence of the content of stone powder, aggregate gradation to self compacting concrete with manufactured, and the problems and the future work are proposed.
Research on the Development Policy of Prefabricated Building based on asymmetric Evolutionary Game
Authors: Xia Yuxin , Qi Yuan , Chen Jiayao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of modern society and economy and the continuous acceleration of industrialization in China, the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry is imminent, meanwhile, the development of prefabricated building is a strong starting point at present. In order to promote the healthy and rapid development of prefabricated construction market, the government should play a leading role and provide effective incentives to construction enterprises and consumers. This paper takes the theory and method of game theory as the tool, constructs the game model of government-construction enterprise, government-consumer respectively, and then uses Matlab to verify the model analysis results. Finally, it is concluded that a sound compensation system issued by the government to alleviate the financial pressure of construction enterprises and consumers is an important factor to promote the development of the market at present, and the best guidance strategies and suggestions are put forward for the government.
Analysis of the Influence of Short-Time Load on Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Yu Tao , Liu Yan , Zhu Shiqi , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The foundation pit of shield working well needs to meet the requirements of shield assembly, starting, and hoisting. The short-time load at the edge of the pit is frequent and the construction conditions are more complicated. This paper takes the foundation pit of a certain project in Jinan as the research background. Based on field measured data, based on theoretical analysis. The force and deformation laws of the underground diaphragm wall + internal bracing structure under short-term load are studied, and some conclusions can be used to guide the design and construction.
The Physical Quality Assessment of Residential Area in Jabodetabek – Indonesia with Green and Livable Settlement Concept
Authors: Nurdiani N , Katarina W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Green architecture as one of the concepts of Green & Livable Settlement has begun to be applied on the designing of residential areas in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). To find out whether the residential area meets the criteria specified in the Green & Livable Settlement concept, it is necessary to conduct a study on the Physical Quality Assessment of Residential Areas in Jabodetabek with the Green & Livable Settlement Concept. The study was conducted using descriptive methods, through surveys, observations and interviews. The results of the study can provide an assessment overview of the physical quality of housing in Jabodetabek. This assessment can be used to improve the architectural design of residential area. The assessment also shows that the use of the green theme gives the benefit for the promotion of property, and the physical quality of residential area better than other residential area.
Synthesis and characterization of Eu3+ doped TiO2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique for photocatalytic application
Authors: AL-Shomar S M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, nanocrystalline TiO2: Eu3+ thin films are successfully formed by spray pyrolysis technique deposited on glass substrate. Structure, optical, electrical, surface morphology, and photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue have been examined. The XRD analysis illustrate the tetragonal crystal structure of films with anatase phase and reduces crystallite size linearly with increasing Eu3+ concentration. The optical properties of the films are analyzed using transmittance and reflectance spectra, which are measured using UV–vis-NIR double-beam spectrophotometer. Optical properties such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), optical conductivity (σ) and Urbach energy (Eu) have been calculated as a function of Eu3+ concentration. Film thickness were evaluated using the refractive index dependence on wavelength. The films thickness were determined as 97.13, 122.62, 123.24, 117.14 and 128.25 nm, respectively, for Eu doped TiO2 at 0,4, 6, 8 and 10 wt % doping concentration. The band gap values raised from 3.29 to 3.42 eV with increasing the Eu3+ dopant concentration. The highest electrical conductivity was found to be 3.01 × 10−2(Ω·cm)−1 at high doping level with 10 wt% Eu3+. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated consistent allocation of irregular and spherical shaped grains covering the substrate surface. The average grain size in range of 82.5—51.1 nm is observed and films show porous nature. The photocatalytic effect of TiO2: Eu3+ thin films is predicted from the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at room temperature under UV light irradiation. An enhancement in photocatalytic degradation observed by increasing the amount of Eu3+ due to increase in the (electron-hole) pair production and increase of film thickness. These results make TiO2: Eu3+ thin films as attractive candidate for photovoltaic cells and other optoelectronic device applications.
Palladium-coated thiourea core-shell nanocomposite as a new, efficient, and magnetic responsive nanocatalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions
Authors: Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Bahrami Negar , Radinekiyan Fateme , Maleki Ali , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research, according to the important aspects of palladium components in conducting Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and formation of biphenyl compounds, magnetic responsive palladium/thiourea nanocomposite as a new magnetic nanocatalyst was designed, synthesized, and characterized using FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, and VSM analyses. The catalytic performance of this new nanocomposite with magnetic susceptibility was evaluated in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Based on the functionalized surface of Fe3O4 magnetic cores with SiO2, CPTMS, thiourea shells, and especially Palladium ions shell, the formation of biphenyl derivatives in a green and eco-friendly reaction condition was highlighted.
Preparation and high CO2/CH4 selectivity of ZSM-5/Ethyl cellulose mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Xu Shuangping , Zhou Hailiang , Jia Hongge , Xu Jingyu , Liu Da , Zhang Mingyu , Qu Yanqing , Ma Wenqiang , Jiang Pengfei , Zhao Wenwen , Wang Xintian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is known that natural gas is extracted with a large amount of CO2, which reduces the amount of heat generated during the combustion of natural gas. How to remove some of the CO2 from the natural gas is a problem that needs to be solved. The significant breakthroughs of the membrane technology, specifically the mixed matrix membrane (MMM) has revealed a promising CO2/CH4 separation performance. In this study, a series of ZSM-5/EC mixed matrix membranes with ethyl cellulose (EC) as matrix and ZSM-5 as inorganic dispersant in tetrahydrofuran were prepared under high speed and ultrasonic vibration-assisted, the ZSM-5/EC membranes were fabricated by using the casting solution. The successful ZSM-5/EC mixed matrix membranes were confirmed by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ZSM-5/EC membranes exhibited good membrane forming ability, heat resistance and mechanical properties; The CO2/CH4 selectivity of the ZSM-5/EC membranes were 10.7, 15.4, 19.7, 25.5 and 11.7, respectively, increased up to 1.3, 1.9, 2.4, 3.1 and 1.4 times as compared to pure EC (8.20) with a feed composition of 50:50 for CO2/CH4.
Multifunctionalities enabled by the synergistic effects of mesoporous carbon dots and ZnO nanorods
Authors: Kavitha T , Kumar S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, CD/ZnO nanohybrids were synthesised by a simple, one-pot, cost-effective method and their structure and properties were investigated by physicochemical methods. The CD/ZnO nanohybrid exhibits excellent sunlight induced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity validating the development of remarkably efficient catalytic systems and effective bactericidal agents. The IV measurements of CD/ZnO nanohybrid shows over 12-fold increase in photocurrent compared to ZnO, opening pathways for the fabrication of efficient light harvesting system. Electrochemical property measurements demonstrate that CD/ZnO nanohybrid has large integral area of cyclic voltammetry loop, demonstrating their potential for supercapacitor applications. The study presents green chemistry strategy for the synthesis of CD/ZnO nanohybrids which exhibit multifunctionalities due to the synergy between CD and ZnO. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential of CD/ZnO nanohybrids for a multitude of energy and environmental solutions.
Lifetime, quasi-Fermi level splitting and doping concentration of Cu-rich CuInS2 absorbers
Authors: Adeleye Damilola , Lomuscio Alberto , Sood Mohit , Siebentritt Susanne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cu(In,Ga)S2–based solar cells have been shown by Hiroi et al (Hiroi et al 2015 IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
6 309–312) to achieve higher efficiencies with absorbers processed at high deposition temperatures. Additionally, it is known for CuInS2 cells that the main improvement from higher deposition temperatures is the reduction in the density of deep defects and increased quasi-Fermi level splitting. The increased quasi-Fermi level splitting could result from a reduction in the rate of recombination or from an increase in doping concentration. To investigate which effect is the dominant one, we perform time-resolved photoluminescence measurements and estimate the doping concentration from carrier lifetime and quasi-Fermi level splitting. We find no changes in the effective lifetime, which is in the range of 200 ps. The doping concentration increases from 1016 cm−3 to 1017 cm−3. Our study shows that the increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting with higher deposition temperatures is not due to reduction in non-radiative recombination but due to increased doping concentration.
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of W-Ni3Al alloys prepared by ball milling and two-step sintering
Authors: Liu Bobo , Dong Hongfeng , Li Peiyou , Ai Taotao , Li Wenhu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, W-Ni3Al alloys with the different Ni3Al contents were prepared via ball milling and two-step sintering processes. The relationship of Ni3Al contents, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of W-Ni3Al alloys were also clarified. The results show that the milled powder has a lamellar structure and cold welding phenomenon. This structure encloses a small amount of ethanol, and this causes an Al2O3 phase to form when it undergoes an oxidizing reaction of Ni3Al with oxygen in ethanol during ball milling and drying. The W-rich phase is the network structure, and this structure is finer and denser with an increase in Ni3Al contents as a result of the grain refining effect of Al2O3 particles and the densification effect of liquid sintering. Under a load, the Al2O3 particles at the interface of W/binder phases increase the resistance of crack growth and compressive strain, which improves the mechanical properties and deformability of W-Ni3Al alloys. The Ni3Al binder provides a new strategy for improving the mechanical properties of tungsten alloys.
Denoising PET images for proton therapy using a residual U-net
Authors: Sano Akira , Nishio Teiji , Masuda Takamitsu , Karasawa Kumiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of proton therapy has the advantage of high dose concentration as it is possible to concentrate the dose on the tumor while suppressing damage to the surrounding normal organs. However, the range uncertainty significantly affects the actual dose distribution in the vicinity of the proton range, limiting the benefit of proton therapy for reducing the dose to normal organs. By measuring the annihilation gamma rays from the produced positron emitters, it is possible to obtain a proton induced positron emission tomography (pPET) image according to the irradiation region of the proton beam. Smoothing with a Gaussian filter is generally used to denoise PET images; however, this approach lowers the spatial resolution. Furthermore, other conventional smoothing processing methods may deteriorate the steep region of the pPET images. In this study, we proposed a denoising method based on a Residual U-Net for pPET images. We conducted the Monte Carlo simulation and irradiation experiment on a human phantom to obtain pPET data. The accuracy of the range estimation and the image similarity were evaluated for pPET images using the Residual U-Net, a Gaussian filter, a median filter, the block-matching and 3D-filtering (BM3D), and a total variation (TV) filter. Usage of the Residual U-Net yielded effective results corresponding to the range estimation; however, the results of peak-signal-to-noise ratio were identical to those for the Gaussian filter, median filter, BM3D, and TV filter. The proposed method can contribute to improving the accuracy of treatment verification and shortening the PET measurement time.
Measuring prompt gamma-ray emissions from elements found in tissue during passive-beam proton therapy
Authors: Jeyasugiththan Jeyasingam , Nieto Camero Jaime , Symons Julyan , Jones Pete , Buffler Andy , Geduld Dieter , Peterson Stephen W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Prompt gamma detection during proton radiotherapy for range verification purposes will need to operate in both active and passive treatment beam environments. This paper describes prompt gamma measurements using a high resolution 2″ × 2″ LaBr3 detector for a 200 MeV clinical passive-scatter proton beam. These measurements examine the most likely discrete prompt gamma rays emitted from tissue by detecting gammas produced in water, Perspex, carbon and liquid-nitrogen targets. Measurements were carried out at several positions around the depth corresponding to the location of the Bragg peak for water and Perspex targets in order to investigate prompt gamma emission as a function of depth along the beam path. This work also focused on validating the Geant4 Monte Carlo model of the passive-scatter proton beam line and LaBr3 detector by making a direct comparison between the simulated and experimental results. The initial prompt gamma measurements were overwhelmed by the high amount of scattered radiation when measuring at isocenter, shifting the target further downstream from the final collimator significantly reduced the background radiation. Prompt gamma peaks were then clearly identified for the water, Perspex and graphite targets. The developed Geant4 Monte Carlo model was able to replicate the measured prompt gamma ray energy spectra, including production for important photopeaks to within 10%, except for the 4.44 MeV peak from the water target, which had more than a 50% overestimation of the number of produced prompt gamma rays. The prompt gamma measurements at various depths correlated well with the proton dose deposition; the 4.44 and 6.13 MeV photopeak profiles peaked within 1 cm of the Bragg peak and the R50% value for the 3–7 MeV energy range predicted the proton range within 8 mm.
The investigation of OH radicals produced in a DC glow discharge by laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: LIU Feng , ZHUANG Yue , CHU Haijing , FANG Zhi , WANG Wenchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper the OH radicals produced by a needle–plate negative DC discharge in water vapor, N2 + H2O mixture gas and He + H2O mixture gas are investigated by a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system. With a ballast resistor in the circuit, the discharge current is limited and the discharges remain in glow. The OH rotation temperature is obtained from fluorescence rotational branch fitting, and is about 350 K in pure water vapor. The effects of the discharge current and gas pressure on the production and quenching processes of OH radicals are investigated. The results show that in water vapor and He + H2O mixture gas the fluorescence intensity of OH stays nearly constant with increasing discharge current, and in N2 + H2O mixture gas the fluorescence intensity of OH increases with increasing discharge current. In water vapor and N2 + H2O mixture gas the fluorescence intensity of OH decreases with increasing gas pressure in the studied pressure range, and in He + H2O mixture gas the fluorescence intensity of OH shows a maximum value within the studied gas pressure range. The physicochemical reactions between electrons, radicals, ground and metastable molecules are discussed. The results in this work contribute to the optimization of plasma reactivity and the establishment of a molecule reaction dynamics model.
Diagnostics of a microhollow cathode discharge at atmospheric pressure
Authors: ZHOU Chen , LI Yueying , YU Zhi , YAO Jingfeng , YUAN Chengxun , ZHOU Zhongxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on a sandwich-like structure, a microhollow cathode discharge device is designed, and a stable discharge is realized by injecting helium into the discharge region of the device at atmospheric pressure. A wall probe is used to determine the relevant parameters of the plasma generated by the device, such as particle density, electron temperature, and the electron distribution function. At the same time, a sink parameter is used to correct the electron distribution function of the wall-probe diagnostics, and to further study the relationship between electron density and the electron temperature of the corrected electron distribution function.
Holocaust Experience and Mortality Patterns: 4-Decade Follow-up in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Youssim Iaroslav , Gorfine Malka , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Manor Orly , Paltiel Ora , Siscovick David S , Friedlander Yechiel , Hochner Hagit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch on mortality associated with exposure to the Holocaust is relevant for a better understanding of the effects of genocides on survivors. To our knowledge, previous studies have not investigated the long-term cause-specific mortality of Holocaust survivors. We compared mortality rates among Israelis born in European countries controlled by the Nazis during World War II with those among Israelis of European descent who did not have this exposure. Records of 22,671 people (45% women; 5,042 survivors) from the population-based Jerusalem Perinatal Study (1964–1976) were linked to the Israeli Population Registry, which was updated through 2016. Cox models were used for analysis, with 2-sided tests of statistical significance. Risk of all-cause mortality was higher among exposed women (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.27) than in unexposed women. No association was found between Holocaust exposure and male all-cause mortality. In both sexes, survivors had higher cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.35) in women and HR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.28) in men). Exposed men also had excess mortality due to coronary heart disease (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.77) and lower mortality from other known causes combined (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99). In summary, experiencing the Holocaust was associated with excess all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in women and cancer- and coronary heart disease–specific mortality in men.
Measurement of Telomere Length for Longitudinal Analysis: Implications of Assay Precision
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Gadalla Shahinaz M , Lai Tsung-Po , Susser Ezra , Bateson Melissa , Aviv Abraham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Researchers increasingly wish to test hypotheses concerning the impact of environmental or disease exposures on telomere length (TL), and they use longitudinal study designs to do so. In population studies, TL is usually measured with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based method. This method has been validated by calculating its correlation with a gold standard method such as Southern blotting (SB) in cross-sectional data sets. However, in a cross-section, the range of true variation in TL is large, and measurement error is introduced only once. In a longitudinal study, the target variation of interest is small, and measurement error is introduced at both baseline and follow-up. In this paper, we present results from a small data set (n = 20) in which leukocyte TL was measured twice 6.6 years apart by means of both qPCR and SB. The cross-sectional correlations between qPCR and SB were high at both baseline (r = 0.90) and follow-up (r = 0.85), yet their correlation for TL change was poor (r = 0.48). Moreover, the qPCR data but not the SB data showed strong signatures of measurement error. Through simulation, we show that the statistical power gain from performing a longitudinal analysis is much greater for SB than for qPCR. We discuss implications for optimal study design and analysis.