bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated liver enzymes and comorbidities in type 2 diabetes: A multicentre analysis of 51 645 patients from the Diabetes Prospective Follow‐up (DPV) database
Authors: Meyhöfer Svenja , Eckert Alexander J. , Hummel Michael , Laimer Markus , Roden Michael , Kress Stephan , Seufert Jochen , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and associated diabetes‐related comorbidities in type 2 diabetes (T2D).Subjects and MethodsBetween 2010 and 2019, 281 245 patients with T2D (aged 18‐75 years) from 501 Diabetes Prospective Follow‐up (DPV) centres were evaluated, resulting in analysis of 51 645 patients with complete data on demographics and liver enzymes.ResultsElevated liver enzymes were found in 40.2% of all patients. However, only 8.6% of these patients had International Classification of Diseases‐10 codes for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, body mass index and glycated haemoglobin, a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (P < 0.0001), dyslipidaemia (P < 0.0001), peripheral artery disease (P = 0.0029), myocardial infarction (P = 0.0003), coronary artery disease (P = 0.0001), microalbuminuria (P < 0.0001) and chronic kidney disease (P < 0.0001) was seen in patients with elevated versus normal liver enzymes. The prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was lowest in patients receiving sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors or a combination of SGLT2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists.ConclusionElevated liver enzymes are common in patients with T2D and clearly correlate with a higher prevalence of clinically relevant comorbidities. Assessing liver enzymes should be standard clinical routine in T2D due to a possible predictive role for comorbidities and complications.
A comparison of the National Clinical Audit of Psychosis 2019/2020 standards and First Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale 1.0
Authors: Addington Donald , French Paul , Smith Jo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe authors compare two approaches to assessment of the quality of early psychosis intervention services, the National Clinical Audit of Psychosis used in the United Kingdom and the First Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale used in North America and Europe.MethodsWe compare the two approaches on the source of standards, measurement type, data collection, time requirements, scoring and reliability. Finally, we review their strengths and limitations.ResultsBoth measures are based on standards derived from the same research evidence base. Both methods rely on data from health records and administrative data. The audit is supplemented with user survey data, the fidelity scale with clinician interviews. The audit requires more time. The audit is based on quality indicators rated as present or absent which yields a statistical benchmark. The Fidelity Scale is based on quality indicators that are rated on a five‐point scale yielding a standards‐based measure. The two methods cover similar service components, but the FEPS‐FS has a broader coverage of team functioning. The National audit also collects data on the user experience directly from patients. The fidelity scale has achieved good to excellent inter‐rater reliability, the reliability of the audit has not been tested.ConclusionsBoth methods have face validity and provide reliable and useful measures of quality of care. The NCAP works in the context of a single provider health system, the FEPS‐FS works in a more variable health system. Comparing the two systems in the field would support international comparison of standards of care.
Pathogen transport amplifies or dilutes disease transmission depending on the host dose‐response relationship
Authors: Ng Wee Hao , Myers Christopher R. , McArt Scott H. , Ellner Stephen P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPathogen transport by biotic or abiotic processes (e.g. mechanical vectors, wind, rain) can increase disease transmission by creating more opportunities for host exposure. But transport without replication has an inherent trade‐off, that creating new venues for exposure decreases the average pathogen abundance at each venue. The host dose‐response relationship is therefore required to correctly assess infection risk. We model and analyse two examples—biotic mechanical vectors in plant–pollinator networks, and abiotic‐facilitated long‐distance pathogen dispersal—to illustrate how oversimplifying the dose‐response relationship can lead to incorrect epidemiological predictions. When the minimum infective dose is high, mechanical vectors amplify disease transmission less than suggested by simple compartment models, and may even dilute transmission. When long‐distance dispersal leads to infrequent large exposures, models that assume a linear force of infection can substantially under‐predict the speed of epidemic spread. Our work highlights an important general interplay between dose‐response relationships and pathogen transport.
First finding of Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura) in the Azores
Authors: Tarantino Elisa , Prieto Alejandra Ros , Lopes David João Horta , Borges Paulo Alexandre Vieira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura) (Hemiptera; Cicadellidae) is native to South‐East Asia and is a highly polyphagous pest, considered an invasive pest, that affects crops as well as endemic plants. This paper presents the first report of S. orientalis in the Azores (Portugal). The first individuals were found in 2018 in the botanic garden on Terceira Island and later in 2020 in banana orchards. In 2020, S. orientalis was found in Pico Island in mixed forests.
Thank u, next: Faith‐based agencies deny foster/adoption applications from LGBTQ prospective parents
Authors: Sidoruk Daria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, the controversy pertaining to whether faith‐based institutions, which receive federal funding, can discriminate based on sexual orientation has received the United States Supreme Court's attention. However, before the Supreme Court decided to review this issue, the Every Child Deserve a Family Act was proposed to Congress. This bill would prohibit any child welfare agency, which receives federal financial assistance, from discriminating against potential foster or adoptive parents on the basis of religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or marital status. This Note seeks to analyze whether the Every Child Deserves a Family Act is constitutional.
Widespread recent ecosystem state shifts in high‐latitude peatlands of northeastern Canada and implications for carbon sequestration
Authors: Magnan Gabriel , Sanderson Nicole K. , Piilo Sanna , Pratte Steve , Väliranta Minna , van Bellen Simon , Zhang Hui , Garneau Michelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNorthern peatlands are a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Widespread climate‐driven ecohydrological changes in these ecosystems can have major consequences on their C sequestration function. Here, we synthesize plant macrofossil data from 33 surficial peat cores from different ecoclimatic regions, with high‐resolution chronologies. The main objectives were to document recent ecosystem state shifts and explore their impact on C sequestration in high‐latitude undisturbed peatlands of northeastern Canada. Our synthesis shows widespread recent ecosystem shifts in peatlands, such as transitions from oligotrophic fens to bogs andSphagnumexpansion, coinciding with climate warming which has also influenced C accumulation during the last ~100 years. The rapid shifts towards drier bog communities and an expansion ofSphagnumsect.Acutifoliaafter 1980 CE were most pronounced in the northern subarctic sites and are concurrent with summer warming in northeastern Canada. These results provide further evidence of a northward migration ofSphagnum‐dominated peatlands in North America in response to climate change. The results also highlight differences in the timing of ecosystem shifts among peatlands and regions, reflecting internal peatland dynamics and varying responses of vegetation communities. Our study suggests that the recent rapid climate‐driven shifts from oligotrophic fen to drier bog communities have promoted plant productivity and thus peat C accumulation. We highlight the importance of considering recent ecohydrological trajectories when modelling the potential contribution of peatlands to climate change. Our study suggests that, contrary to expectations, peat C sequestration could be promoted in high‐latitude non‐permafrost peatlands where wet sedge fens may transition to drierSphagnumbog communities due to warmer and longer growing seasons.
Review of the alternative therapies for onychomycosis and superficial fungal infections: posaconazole, fosravuconazole, voriconazole, oteseconazole
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Talukder Mesbah , Venkataraman Maanasa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTerbinafine and itraconazole are the most commonly used oral antifungals to treat onychomycosis and superficial dermatomycoses. Recently, poor response to oral terbinafine has been reported. We have summarized the most appropriate dosing regimens of posaconazole, fosravuconazole, voriconazole, and oteseconazole (VT‐1161) to treat onychomycosis and superficial fungal infections. A structured search on PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. Additionally, the bibliographies of selected articles were searched to identify relevant records. The number of records identified from the searches was 463, with 50 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for review. None of the new azoles are US FDA approved for onychomycosis treatment; however, an increasing number of studies have evaluated these agents. The efficacies (complete cure and mycologic cure) of the antifungal agents for dermatophyte great toenail onychomycosis treatment are terbinafine 250 mg/day × 12 weeks (Phase III trial) (38%, 70%), itraconazole 200 mg/day × 12 weeks (Phase III trial) (14%, 54%), posaconazole 200 mg/day × 24 weeks (Phase IIB) (54.1%, 70.3%), fosravuconazole 100 mg/day ravuconazole equivalent × 12 weeks (Phase III) (59.4%, 82.0%), and oteseconazole 300 mg/day loading dose × 2 weeks (Phase II), followed by 300 mg/week × 10 weeks (maintenance dose) (45%, 70%). Guidelines for monitoring are also presented.
Utilisation of dried shiitake, black ear and silver ear mushrooms into sorghum biscuits manipulates the predictive glycaemic response in relation to variations in biscuit physical characteristics
Authors: Tu Juncai , Brennan Margaret Anne , Hui Xiaodan , Wang Ruibin , Peressini Donatella , Bai Weidong , Cheng Ping , Brennan Charles Stephen 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe nutritional quality of gluten‐free products is important to the health of individuals with coeliac disease. Mushrooms are good sources of vitamins, dietary fibres and proteins, and are a low‐calorie option that can be used in gluten‐free diets to improve their nutritional value. The effects of incorporating dried mushrooms on the hydration and pasting properties of sorghum flour, as well as the physicochemical characteristics and in vitro glycaemic response of sorghum biscuits were studied. Sorghum flour enriched with mushroom powders exhibited higher water absorption capacity and swelling power compared with the control (P < 0.05). The addition of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushroom significantly decreased the pasting viscosities, while the addition of black ear (Auricularia auricula) and silver ear (Tremella fuciformis) mushroom increased viscosity values (P < 0.05). Biscuit diameter, thickness and weight loss were reduced with increasing mushroom powder addition, and the colour parameters of biscuits were affected significantly. Enrichment with shiitake and black ear mushroom increased the hardness of biscuits (P < 0.05). Inclusion of mushroom powders significantly reduced the predicted glycaemic response of sorghum biscuits (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis was conducted to illustrate that hydration dynamics (such as water absorption capacity and swelling power) were negatively correlated with glycaemic response (P < 0.001).
An exploratory study of the prevalence and correlates of student maltreatment by teachers in Cameroon
Authors: Benbenishty Rami , Daru Etta Roland , Astor Ron Avi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaltreatment of children takes place in many contexts and places around the world. Based on the model of Bullying, School Violence and Climate in Evolving Contexts, this study describes the prevalence and characteristics of maltreatment of students by their teachers in Cameroon. It examined the bivariate and multivariate correlations between victimization by educational staff with victimization by peers, school climate, and the students’ perpetration of violence against their own teachers. The sample consisted of 601 students in three schools. Of these, 62% were females, 63.3% were 13‒16 years old, and 28.8% 17‒20 years old. The study is based on self‐report questionnaires administered to the students. The findings show high levels of student maltreatment—physical, emotional, and sexual. Prevalence was higher among males. These reports were highly correlated with both victimization by peers and student perpetration against teachers. School climate perceptions were negatively associated with staff maltreatment. The discussion notes that the high prevalence of staff maltreatment in this study is similar to findings in developing countries and is higher than in other contexts. Implications and recommendations for policy changes, training, and intervention are presented.
Toward an inclusive system for informal workers? Diverging impacts of labor informality on Chinese workers’ pension enrollment
Authors: Yang Yujeong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Chinese pension reform of 2011 allowed informal workers to enroll either in the employment‐based pension program or in the residency‐based pension program. Despite this historic pension reform, the question of how labor informality influences one's pension participation under the reformed pension regime has been insufficiently discussed. This article fills this gap by analyzing two waves of a national‐level survey—the China Labor Dynamic Survey of 2012 and 2014. This article makes the following two points. First, the impact of labor informality differs across the two pension programs. Second, local citizenship filters the negative impact of labor informality, but only for the residency‐based pension program. Having “local” citizenship does not offset the negative impact of labor informality on workers’ enrollment in the employment‐based pension program. These findings show how the recent reform is ironically reinforcing the existing social cleavages between different types of Chinese workers.
Network governance among actors involved in the government’s contracting out of foster care services: A case study in China
Authors: Lu Wei , Xu Yanfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe government's contracting out of foster care services in Guangzhou, China, introduced the possibility of partnerships between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government‐led human services. To understand network governance among actors involved in contracting out foster care services, service funders, service providers, and service users were interviewed. A thematic analysis of interviews combined with a critical review of archival data was conducted. Drawing from the policy network governance analytic framework, we found that network governance conditions in contracting out foster care services were characterized by close interdependence among actors, moderate standardization in work duties, but nonreciprocal patterns of interactions, and low to modest levels of autonomy, along with strong power in the government but limited self‐governance among NGOs and foster families. Our findings indicate that network governance was not fully achieved among actors involved in the contracting out of foster care services. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Behavioural habits and underlying diseases associated with urolithiasis: A case–control study
Authors: Heidari Shiva , Shirazi Fatemeh , Ghanipour Badelbuu Sima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of renal stones has been increasing due to changes in lifestyle and behavioural habits, causing major economic and health burdens worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between urolithiasis and behavioural habits and underlying diseases. This case–control study was performed on 161 patients with urinary stone disease and 254 healthy controls who were age‐ and sex‐matched with the case group. All participants were interviewed by the researcher using a questionnaire. Among different behavioural habits, consuming alcoholic drinks and smoking were reported more frequently in the renal stone formers compared to the controls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). However, the amount of water intake and level of physical activity were lower among the stone formers (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Investigation of the two groups' past medical history revealed that the positive history of diseases such as diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001), hypertension (p = 0.004), hyperlipidemia (p = 0.004) and urinary tract infections (p < 0.0001) was more common in the patients with urinary stones compared to the control group. In terms of medications, the use of antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.045), antidiabetic drugs (p = 0.12), analgesics (p = 0.04) and anti‐inflammatory drugs (p = 0.047) was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. The study findings showed that some behavioural habits and specific underlying diseases were associated with urinary stones. In this regard, by careful assessment of personal health history and medical history, it is possible to identify at‐risk individuals and take measures to reduce their risk of developing the disease.
A novel Eu2+/Tb3+ co‐doped phosphor with pyroxene structure applied for cryogenic thermometric sensing
Authors: Su Ke , Guo Qingfeng , Shuai Pengfei , Liu Ning , Mei Lefu , Liao Libing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPyroxene‐type phosphors were widely developed due to the advantages of high chemical stability, luminous efficiency, and low production cost. In this contribution, a series of Eu2+/Tb3+ co‐doped Ca0.75Sr0.2Mg1.05Si2O6 (CSMS) phosphors with pyroxene structure were successfully synthesized by the solid‐state method. Under the 340 nm excitation, the emission peaks of the phosphor show a redshift with the increase of Eu2+ concentration. The emitting color of Eu2+/Tb3+ co‐doped samples shows a redshift attributed to the energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+. Simultaneously, acquired thermometer exposes superbly temperature‐sensitive properties (Sa and Sr having maximum values 4.7% K−1 and 0.6% K−1, respectively) over the cryogenic temperature range (77–280 K). Furthermore, it has good stability and precision at cryogenic temperatures, indicating that CSMS:0.03Eu2+/0.03Tb3+ phosphor is a very promising fluorescent material suitable for cryogenic temperature sensing.
The U‐shape relationship between pulse pressure level on inpatient admission and long‐term mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wei Huang , Hongwei Li , Ying Sun , Dai Zhang , Man Wang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe association between pulse pressure and long‐term mortality was investigated among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study population included 5055 ACS patients in the Department of Cardiology of Beijing Friendship Hospital who were enrolled from January 2013 to July 2019. The median duration of follow‐up was 24 months. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the relationships between PP on inpatient admission and mortalities. Non‐linear associations were studied by restricted cubic splines. Considering the heart function, the analyses were performed in the whole cohort and the LVEF > = 0.5 cohort separately. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the different diagnosis (the myocardial infarction subgroup and the unstable angina pectoris subgroup). When PP was used as categorical variable, the high PP group (≥61 mm Hg) significantly increased the risk of death compared with the intermediate PP group (50–60 mm Hg) in the both cohorts. When PP was used as continuous variable, a U‐shape relationship were found between PP and mortalities in the whole cohort (p (for nonlinearity) = .005 and .003, respectively), with reference PP level of 55 mm Hg. However, this U‐shape relationship disappeared in the LVEF > 0.5 cohort (p (for nonlinearity) = .111 and .117, respectively). The similar results were obtained in MI subgroup. From this study, the U‐shape relationships between PP level and all‐cause and cardiac mortalities were found in ACS patients who underwent PCI. The U‐shape relationships disappeared in the LVEF > 0.5 cohort. The reference PP level was 55 mm Hg.
Shared familial risk factors between autism spectrum disorder and obesity – a register‐based familial coaggregation cohort study
Authors: Ahlberg Richard , Garcia‐Argibay Miguel , Hirvikoski Tatja , Boman Marcus , Chen Qi , Taylor Mark J. , Frans Emma , Bölte Sven , Larsson Henrik 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMeta‐analyses suggest an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity, but the factors underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated the association between ASD and obesity stratified on intellectual disability (ID). In addition, in order to gain insight into possible shared etiological factors, the potential role of shared familial liability was examined.MethodWe studied a cohort of 3,141,696 individuals by linking several Swedish nationwide registers. We identified 35,461 individuals with ASD and 61,784 individuals with obesity. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between ASD and obesity separately by ID and sex and by adjusting for parental education, psychiatric comorbidity, and psychotropic medication. Potential shared familial etiologic factors were examined by comparing the risk of obesity in full siblings, maternal and paternal half‐siblings, and full‐ and half‐cousins of individuals with ASD to the risk of obesity in relatives of individuals without ASD.ResultsIndividuals with ASD + ID (OR = 3.76 [95% CI, 3.38–4.19]) and ASD−ID (OR = 3.40 [95% CI, 3.23–3.58]) had an increased risk for obesity compared with individuals without ASD. The associations remained statistically significant when adjusting for parental education, psychiatric comorbidity, and medication. Sex‐stratified analyses indicated a higher relative risk for males compared with females, with statistically significant interaction effects for ASD−ID, but not for ASD+ID in the fully adjusted model. First‐degree relatives of individuals with ASD+ID and ASD−ID had an increased risk of obesity compared with first‐degree relatives of individuals without ASD. The obesity risk was similar in second‐degree relatives of individuals with ASD+ID but was lower for and ASD−ID. Full cousins of individuals with ASD+ID had a higher risk compared with half‐cousins of individuals with ASD+ID). A similar difference in the obesity risk between full cousins and half‐cousins was observed for ASD−ID.ConclusionsIndividuals with ASD and their relatives are at increased risk for obesity. The risk might be somewhat higher for males than females. This warrants further studies examining potential common pleiotropic genetic factors and shared family‐wide environmental factors for ASD and obesity. Such research might aid in identifying specific risks and underlying mechanisms in common between ASD and obesity.