bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Oxidase‐like Performances of CoxMn3‐xO4 Nanoparticles by Tuning the Mn Content and Decorating Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Li Yanfang , Yan Jiawei , Shen Wenzhuo , Zhong Min , Zhang Jiali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBinary transition‐metal oxides nanomaterials as oxidase‐mimic have attracted great attention, but their catalytic activity and stability remain to be improved, and the underneath mechanism needs to be debated. In this work, CoxMn3‐xO4 nanoparticles were prepared in‐situ on reduced graphene oxide sheets through a hydrothermal procedure. The morphologies, compositions, and oxidase‐like activities of the CoxMn3‐xO4 nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (CoxMn3‐xO4 NPs/rGO) were studied systematically. It is demonstrated that the oxidase‐like catalytic activities can be regulated by tuning not only the ratio of Co to Mn but also the content of rGO. It is illustrated that the CoMn2O4 NPs/rGO4 with the rGO content of 80 % exhibits over all better oxidase‐like catalytic performance. We constructed the oxidase‐like catalysis mechanism of CoxMn3‐xO4 NPs/rGO composites. It is found that the oxidase‐like activity of the composites mainly depends on Co−Mn synergy effect, including the cooperation of Co2+/Co3+, Mn2+/Mn3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox pairs. More importantly, Mn3+ was indispensable for the activation of Co2+/Co3+ couples. Based on the decent oxidase‐like activity of the CoMn2O4 NPs/rGO composite, a proof‐of concept colorimetric sensing system for L‐cysteine detection was developed, which show low detection limit of 0.08 μM (S/N=3), as well as excellent selectivity and anti‐interference ability.
Research Advances on the Adverse Effects of Nanomaterials in a Model Organism, Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Yimeng , Zhong Lishi , Zhang Lili , Shen Xiaobing , Kong Lu , Wu Tianshu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the biosafety assessment of nanotechnology products, including nanomaterials (NMs), has become more and more important. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model organism that has been widely used in the field of biology because of its excellent advantages, including low cost, small size, short life span, and highly conservative genomes with vertebral animals. In recent years, the number of nanotoxicological researchers using C. elegans has been growing. According to these available studies, the present review classified the adverse effects of NMs in C. elegans into systematic, cellular, and molecular toxicity, and focused on summarizing and analyzing the underlying mechanisms of metal, metal oxide, and nonmetallic NMs causing toxic effects in C. elegans. Our findings provide insights into what further studies are needed to assess the biosafety of NMs in the ecosystem using C. elegans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2406–2424. © 2021 SETAC
Valuation of bitcoin options
Authors: Cao Melanie , Celik Batur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose an equilibrium valuation model for bitcoin options by extending Cao. Bitcoin is interpreted as a foreign currency in a small open economy where money supply and aggregate dividend are exogenous. The equilibrium bitcoin prices increase with diffusive and jump risks of these two exogenous factors. Analytical option pricing formulas are obtained with Merton's model as a special case. Static analysis reveals that a bitcoin call (put) option value increases (decreases) with the money supply growth rate. Numerical analysis shows that all risks lead to a positive premium in option prices relative to the Black–Scholes model.
Survival in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Comparison between the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system and the ATA initial risk stratification system
Authors: Cavalheiro Beatriz Godoi , de Matos Leandro Luongo , Leite Ana Kober Nogueira , Kulcsar Marco Aurelio Vamondes , Cernea Claudio Roberto , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe AJCC/UICC TNM staging system evaluates the risk of death from cancer. Its 8th edition aimed to increase its accuracy. In turn, the American Thyroid Association proposed an initial risk stratification system (IRSS) focusing on the risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The present study intended to analyze their prediction abilities.MethodsSix hundred and eighty‐five consecutive surgical patients (mean follow‐up 71.6 months) were staged. Correlations with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were carried out.ResultsIRSS was discriminative for DFS but not for OS. Applying TNM 8th, 36.9% of the cohort was downstaged. Their DFS was shorter, compared with other patients in the same stage, but with no impact on OS. However, all those who died of the disease had been downstaged.ConclusionsIRSS was more effective to predict DFS, but not OS. TNM 8th was more appropriate for OS analysis than TNM 7th and IRSS.
Low‐ and middle‐income country abstract representation at the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine Annual Pregnancy Meeting
Authors: Kazma Jamil M. , Saleeb Monica , Potarazu Savita , Stringer Elizabeth , Ahmadzia Homa K. , Gimovsky Alexis C. 
Published: June 2021

SynopsisThe representation of LMICs in SMFM meetings is limited. Most abstracts presented are retrospective analyses.
Thromboembolic events in pregnant and puerperal women after COVID‐19 lockdowns: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gabrieli Dana , Cahen‐Peretz Adva , Shimonovitz Tzvika , Marks‐Garber Keren , Amsalem Hagai , Kalish Yosef , Lavy Yuval , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the indirect impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patterns of pregnancy‐related venous thromboembolism (VTE) events, mediated by population mobility restrictions during lockdown periods.MethodsPregnancy‐related VTE hospitalizations were identified through a code‐targeted search of the Hadassah Medical Center's computerized database. A manual analysis of relevant medical records was performed, and cases diagnosed throughout the year 2020 were compared to those diagnosed during 2019 and 2018. Statistical analyses studied obstetrical outcomes, as well as the extent and treatment of VTE events during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to those of preceding years, stratified by pre‐, intra‐, and post‐lockdown periods.ResultsThe incidence of pregnancy‐related thromboembolic events during 2020 was 0.16% of all deliveries, significantly higher than in 2018 and 2019 (0.06% and 0.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). Higher rates of VTE events were found during post‐lockdown periods in 2020, compared with corresponding time periods in 2019 and 2018.ConclusionThe present data suggest that lockdown periods impact pregnancy‐related VTE hospitalizations, possibly as a result of restricted population mobility. Increased awareness of this undesirable outcome may aid health policymakers in the continuing struggle with epidemics.
Automated measurement of sulcus angle on axial knee magnetic resonance images
Authors: Ridhma  , Kaur Manvjeet , Sofat Sanjeev , Chouhan Devendra K. , Prakash Mahesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatellar dislocation is a disorder in the human knee where patella slips out of its expected position. The orthopedic experts need to manually measure the parameters indicating patellar instability from knee scans, which is a laborious and time‐consuming task. An automated method for measuring these parameters can resolve the issue of inter‐observer and intra‐observer variations and significantly lessen the burden of the experts. Therefore, in this work, a two‐step approach has been proposed for the automated measurement of the sulcus angle from knee magnetic resonance (MR) images to assist the experts in the diagnosis of patellar dislocation. Firstly, a variant of U‐Net architecture has been proposed harnessing the capabilities of the residual network to segment the region of interest (ROI) from the axial knee MR images. Secondly, the contour of ROI is used for the detection of key points required to compute sulcus angle. A T2‐weighted knee magnetic resonance imaging dataset of 50 patients obtained from Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, has been used. Out of 50 patients, the randomly selected knee MR images of 25 patients have been used to train the segmentation model. The intersection over union and dice similarity coefficient values of 94.71% and 97.28%, respectively, were achieved for the proposed segmentation model. The automated measurement of the sulcus angle resulted in a mean error of 2.52 ± 1.52° when tested on another set of axial knee MR images of 25 patients. The proposed framework produced results comparable to the manual expert measurements.
Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Encoding TNAP-D10 Improves the Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Phenotypes in Alpl−/− Mice
Authors: Kinoshita Yuka , Mohamed Fatma F , Amadeu de Oliveira Flavia , Narisawa Sonoko , Miyake Koichi , Foster Brian L , Millán José Luis 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), whose deficiency results in the accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Skeletal and dental hypomineralization characterizes HPP, with disease severity varying from life-threatening perinatal or infantile forms to milder forms that manifest in adulthood or only affect the dentition. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (Strensiq/asfotase alfa) markedly improves the life span, skeletal phenotype, motor function, and quality of life of patients with HPP, though limitations of ERT include frequent injections due to a short elimination half-life of 2.28 days and injection site reactions. We tested the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) encoding TNAP-D10 to increase the life span and improve the skeletal and dentoalveolar phenotypes in TNAP knockout (Alpl−/−) mice, a murine model for severe infantile HPP. Alpl−/− mice received 3 × 1011 vector genomes/body of AAV8-TNAP-D10 within 5 days postnatal (dpn). AAV8-TNAP-D10 elevated serum ALP activity and suppressed plasma PPi. Treatment extended life span of Alpl−/− mice, and no ectopic calcifications were observed in the kidneys, aorta, coronary arteries, or brain in the 70 dpn observational window. Treated Alpl−/− mice did not show signs of rickets, including bowing of long bones, enlargement of epiphyses, or fractures. Bone microstructure of treated Alpl−/− mice was similar to wild type, with a few persistent small cortical and trabecular defects. Histology showed no measurable osteoid accumulation but reduced bone volume fraction in treated Alpl−/− mice versus controls. Treated Alpl−/− mice featured normal molar and incisor dentoalveolar tissues, with the exceptions of slightly reduced molar enamel and alveolar bone density. Histology showed the presence of cementum and normal periodontal ligament attachment. These results support gene therapy as a promising alternative to ERT for the treatment of HPP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The first pediatric case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange accompanying ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Gayretli Aydin Zeynep Gokce , Yesilbas Osman , Reis Gokce Pinar , Guven Burcu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is mild and self‐limited in children, some patients may develop excessive bleeding, massive liver necrosis, and multiple organ failure associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) induced by cytokine storm. Treatment of CCHF is mainly symptomatic and supportive. The efficacy of ribavirin, which is the only antiviral drug in the treatment of CCHF, remains controversial. Although therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown to beneficial in small case series with primary and secondary HLH, there is no pediatric patient with HLH secondary to CCHF treated with TPE in the literature. In this report, we describe the first pediatric patient who was successfully recovered from HLH secondary to CCHF with ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and TPE.
Leukocyte cell population data from the blood cell analyzer as a predictive marker for severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Yihui , Xu Zhihong , Zhou Yuhua , Xie Mengqi , Qi Xing , Xu Zhiwei , Cai Qi , Sheng Huiqiu , Chen Erzhen , Zhao Bing , Mao Enqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prediction for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is the key to give timely targeted treatment. Leukocyte cell population data (CPD) have been widely applied in early prediction and diagnosis of many diseases, but their predictive ability for SAP remains unexplored. We aim to testify whether CPD could be an indicator of AP severity in the early stage of the disease.MethodsThe prospective observational study was conducted in the emergency department ward of a territory hospital in Shanghai. The enrolled AP patients should meet 2012 Atlanta guideline.ResultsTotally, 103 AP patients and 62 healthy controls were enrolled and patients were classified into mild AP (n = 30), moderate SAP (n = 42), and SAP (n = 31). Forty‐two CPD parameters were examined in first 3 days of admission. Four CPD parameters were highest in SAP on admission and were constantly different among 3 groups during first 3 days of hospital stay. Eighteen CPD parameters were found correlated with the occurrence of SAP. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a scoring system of 4 parameters (SD_LALS_NE, MN_LALS_LY, SD_LMALS_MO, and SD_AL2_MO) with a sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 65.3%, and AUC of 0.87 for diagnostic accuracy on early identification of SAP. AUC of this scoring system was comparable with MCTSI, SOFA, APACHE II, MMS, BISAP, or biomarkers as CRP, PCT, and WBC in prediction of SAP and ICU transfer or death.ConclusionsSeveral leukocyte CPD parameters have been identified different among MAP, MSAP, and SAP. They might be ultimately incorporated into a predictive system marker for severity of AP.
Developing strategies to improve the community readiness level to prevent drug abuse in adolescents: Based on the community readiness model, Eghlid City, Iran, 2019
Authors: Ghahremani Leila , Eskandari Esmaeil , Nazari Mahin , Karimi Masoud , Khalan Yousef A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of readiness of Eghlid city community for adolescents’ substance abuse prevention programs, and to develop strategies to improve community readiness levels based on the community readiness model (CRM). In this two‐stage qualitative study, a 36‐item semi‐structured CRM questionnaire, was used to interview 11 key informants in Eghlid city, Iran, 2019. The interviews were analyzed and scored by two independent researchers. Strategies for increasing the level of readiness were developed and prioritized by participants using the nominal group method. The readiness levels to prevent substance abuse in community efforts and leadership dimensions were at stabilization and preparation stage. In terms of community awareness of efforts, community space, and public awareness of the issue, the readiness level was at the pre‐planning stage, and in the resources for prevention efforts dimension, it was at the vague awareness level. In the strategy development section, the key participants focused on using traditional methods such as holding face‐to‐face training programs and festivals, using IRIB platform, local media, and lectures. The general level of readiness is at a moderate level. It seems necessary to focus on resources and areas related to public information.
Phosphorylated mTOR expression as a predictor of survival after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Konishi Takanori , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Shida Takashi , Furukawa Katsunori , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Kuboki Satoshi , Takano Shigetsugu , Miyazaki Masaru , Ohtsuka Masayuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p‐mTOR) plays a crucial role in the process of cancer progression. Common gene mutations of colorectal cancer lead to the activation of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway. In this study, we determined whether p‐mTOR expression in colorectal liver metastases is a predictive marker of prognosis following liver resection.MethodsEighty‐one patients with colorectal liver metastases who had undergone curative resection were evaluated using immunohistochemistry of p‐mTOR. Data regarding clinicopathological features and patient survival were analyzed.ResultsThe p‐mTOR expression in colorectal liver metastases was detected in 55 (67.9%) patients. Patients whose metastases had high p‐mTOR expression showed a significantly lower overall survival rate after resection as compared to patients with low p‐mTOR expression (p = 0.016), while there was no significant difference in the disease‐free survival between the two groups. Repeat resection for recurrence was performed more frequently in patients with p‐mTOR positive than others (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that p‐mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival after liver resection (p = 0.019).ConclusionsmTOR was frequently activated in colorectal liver metastases, and the p‐mTOR expression was a biological marker for predicting the overall survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases following liver resection.
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Equids: Assay Choice Matters
Authors: Hinchcliffe Danielle L. , Lea Jessica M. D. , Palme Rupert , Shultz Susanne 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTFree ranging animals are exposed to environmental, demographic, and ecological challenges over time, which can affect their health and fitness. Non‐invasive biomarkers can provide insight into how animals cope with these challenges and assess the effectiveness of conservation management strategies. We evaluated how free ranging ponies (Equus ferus caballus) on the Carneddau Mountain range, North Wales respond to 2 stimuli: an acute stressor of an annual roundup event in November 2014, and spatial and temporal variation in ecological factors in 2018. We evaluated fecal glucocorticoid metabolites using 2 enzyme immunoassays (EIAs): an 11‐oxoetiocholanolone EIA (measuring 11,17‐dioxoandrostanes [11,17‐DOAs]) and a corticosterone EIA. The former assay has been validated in equids, whereas there is limited evidence for the suitability of the latter. We used an additional parent testosterone EIA to measure fecal androgen metabolites in response to the ecological challenges. Following the roundup, the metabolite concentrations measured by the 2 glucocorticoid EIAs were not correlated. The 11,17‐DOAs were elevated from the second day following the roundup and then slowly returned to pre‐round levels over the next 2 weeks. In contrast, the metabolites measured by the corticosterone assay showed no response to the roundup. For the ecological data, all 3 assays detected a positive correlation between metabolites and social group size in males but not in females. The metabolite concentrations measured by the testosterone and corticosterone assays were highly correlated and were temporally associated with the onset of the breeding season, whereas the 11,17‐DOAs were not. The co‐variance of metabolites measured by the corticosterone and testosterone assays, and the lack of an acute response in the corticosterone assay to the roundup, suggests that metabolites detected by the corticosterone assay were not primarily associated with increased glucocorticoid production. We recommend using well‐validated fecal biomarker assays of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity to evaluate and compare the effect of different management interventions and environmental change. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Evaluating the congruence between DNA‐based and morphological taxonomic approaches in water and sediment trap samples: Analyses of a 36‐month time series from a temperate monomictic lake
Authors: Gauthier Joanna , Walsh David , Selbie Daniel T. , Bourgeois Alyssa , Griffiths Katherine , Domaizon Isabelle , Gregory‐Eaves Irene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPaleolimnological studies are central for identifying long‐term changes, yet many studies rely on bioindicators that deposit detectable subfossils in sediments, such as diatoms and cladocerans. Emerging DNA‐based approaches are expanding the taxonomic diversity that can be investigated. However, as sedimentary DNA‐based approaches are expanding rapidly, calibration work is required to determine the advantages and limitations of these techniques. In this study, we assessed the congruence between morphological and DNA‐based approaches applied to sediment trap samples for diatoms and crustaceans using both intracellular and extracellular DNA. We also evaluated which taxa are deposited in sediment traps from the water column to identify potential paleolimnological bioindicators of environmental variations. Based on 18S rRNA gene amplicons, we developed and analyzed a micro‐eukaryotic, monthly time series that spanned 3 years and was comprised of paired water column and sediment trap samples from Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Comparisons of assemblages derived from our genetic and morphological analyses using RV coefficients revealed significant correlations for diatoms, but weaker correlations for crustaceans. Intracellular DNA reads correlated more strongly with diatom morphology, while extracellular DNA reads correlated more strongly with crustacean morphology. Additional analyses of amplicon sequence variants shared between water and sediment trap samples revealed a wide diversity of taxa to study in paleolimnology, including Ciliophora, Dinoflagellata, Chytridiomycota, Chrysophyceae, and Cryptophyceae. Partial RDAs identified significant environmental predictors of these shared assemblages. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of DNA‐based approaches to track community dynamics from sediment samples, an essential step for successful paleolimnological studies.