bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of filamentation phenomenon in strongly magnetized plasma with various discharge parameters
Authors: Menati Mohamad , Konopka Uwe , Thomas Edward 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFilamentation phenomenon is one of the most important outcomes of applying a strong magnetic field to low‐pressure plasmas and dusty plasmas. In this article, the variation of filamentation phenomenon with neutral gas pressure and plasma density will be investigated using numerical simulations. It will be shown through these simulations how the formation of the filamentary patterns in the magnetized plasma results in a localized electric field structure that strongly contributes to the properties of the filamentary patterns. Based on the results of the simulations, a theoretical model is derived that relates the width of the filamentary patterns to the plasma density. The model has been successfully employed to predict the width of the patterns emerging in various simulations of the magnetized plasma.
Petrophysics and sediment variability in a mixed alluvial to lacustrine carbonate system (Miocene, Madrid Basin, Central Spain)
Authors: Reijmer John J. G. , Blok Carlette N. , El‐Husseiny Ammar , Kleipool Lucas M. , Hogendorp Yanto C. K. , Alonso‐Zarza Ana María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates variations in petrophysical properties within a mixed alluvial to lacustrine carbonate system (Miocene, Madrid Basin, Central Spain). The transition from alluvial environments to lake margins settings displays a shift from alluvial, siliciclastic red sandstones and mudstones to palustrine–lacustrine mudstones to packstones. Fluctuations in lake‐water level enabled land plants to occupy the lake margins during periods of low lake levels. The palustrine carbonates include features like pseudo‐microkarst, nodular and mottled limestones; the lacustrine deposits include enlarged root cavities, desiccation cracks and channel bodies. Scarce fresh water biota comprises charophytes, gastropods and ostracods. The sediments possess high natural, irregular varying, gamma‐ray values at the alluvial–lacustrine transition, and low, but constant values at full lacustrine sites. Acoustic properties agree with lithological variations within individual facies. Porosity is the most important parameter influencing P‐wave and S‐wave velocities. The scatter in the velocity–porosity relationship links to the porosity type; macro‐porosity or microporosity. The wide range of pore types and pore sizes results in a weak porosity to permeability relationship for the carbonate‐dominated rocks with low permeability for microporous and high permeability for macro‐porous carbonates. The sandstones (probably only inhibiting interparticle porosity), and to a lesser extent the sandy wackestones to packstones, show quite a strong relationship between porosity and permeability. Elastic properties of mixed alluvial–lacustrine deposits (this study) and marine deposits (literature data) overlap as variations in pore structures and porosity values are similar. Only 16% of the marine and lacustrine carbonate sediments display Equivalent Pore Aspect Ratio values above 0.2. In travertine deposits, 83% of the samples exceed Equivalent Pore Aspect Ratio values above 0.2, which highlights that travertine deposits are dominated by larger Equivalent Pore Aspect Ratios compared to lacustrine and marine carbonate deposits. Travertines display other rock frameworks with different pore types, pore distribution and amount of porosity.
Carotenoids‐based reddish pelvic spines in nonreproducing female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – Signalling social dominance?
Authors: Kroken Karl Kristian , Sæthre Axel Aas , Nicolaisen Ove , Egeland Torvald Blikra , Nordeide Jarle Tryti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConspicuous ornaments are often considered a result of evolution by sexual selection. According to the social selection hypothesis, such conspicuous traits may also evolve as badges of status associated with increased boldness or aggression toward conspecifics in conflicts about ecological resources. This study tested predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of conspicuous red color of the pelvic spines of the three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Wild nonreproducing sticklebacks were presented to pairs of dummies which differed at their pelvic spines, having either (i) normal‐sized gray or red pelvic spines or (ii) normal‐sized gray or large red pelvic spines. The experimental tank was illuminated by white or green light, since green light impedes the sticklebacks’ ability to detect red color. The dummies moved slowly around in circles at each end of the experimental tank. We quantified the parameters (i) which of the two dummies was visited first, (ii) time taken before the first visit to a dummy, (iii) distribution of the focal sticklebacks in the two zones close to each of the two dummies and in the neutral zone of the tank, (iv) close to which of the two dummies did the focal fish eat its first food‐piece, and (v) time spent until the first piece of food was eaten. This was carried out for 22 females and 29 males sticklebacks. The results suggested no effect of the color or size of the dummies’ pelvic spines, on none of the five behavioral parameters. Moreover, neither the color of the pelvic spines of the focal sticklebacks themselves (as opposed to redness of the dummies’ spines) nor their body length was associated with behavior toward the dummies. Thus, this study did not support predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of red pelvic spines in sticklebacks.
Resolving the consequences of gradual phenotypic plasticity for populations in variable environments
Authors: Fey Samuel B. , Kremer Colin T. , Layden Tamara J. , Vasseur David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhenotypic adjustments following environmental change are ubiquitous, and trait changes arising through phenotypic plasticity often lag behind their environmental stimuli. Evolutionary biologists seeking to understand how adaptive plasticity can evolve have extensively studied this phenomenon. However, the ecological consequences of common features of plastic responses to environmental variability, including gradual phenotypic change (i.e., slower than the pace of environmental change), are underappreciated. We present a framework based on the unifying concept of phenotype × environment performance landscapes that encompasses gradual plasticity. Then, we experimentally investigate the environmental contexts where gradual plasticity is important, using freshwater phytoplankton populations exposed to thermal variation. Finally, based on our conceptual framework, we develop a mathematical model of gradual plasticity that explains population dynamics in variable environments better than common alternative models. Understanding and accounting for the ecological effects of plasticity in variable environments is critical to making vital predictions and advancing ecology.
A bibliometric analysis of the research on Sponge City: Current situation and future development direction
Authors: Zha Xianbao , Luo Pingping , Zhu Wei , Wang Shuangtao , Lyu Jiqiang , Zhou Meimei , Huo Aidi , Wang Zhenhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of urbanization, more and more cities are facing the risk of flood disasters and the threat of water environment safety during the rainy season. Sponge City, as a new urban water resources management method, has attracted extensive attention in the academic circle. In order to promote the development of Sponge City, a bibliometric analysis method based on Web of Science (WoS) database and Bibliometrix tool is proposed in this study. After refining the retrieved 26,383 papers, 1456 papers were obtained. All the article information including author, keywords and publication time was downloaded. The bibliometric analysis model was established to analyse and discuss the development of Sponge City and related researches during the period 1998–020 (data up to 15 August 2020). Research performance, research focus and development trend were displayed by bibliometric measurement indicators and visual graphics. The results show that the number of research papers on Sponge City has been increased year by year in the past 10 years (2010–2020). Sponge City and related research are increasing rapidly, and the top five countries in terms of research volume are China, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea and Canada. China, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia are the countries with the most extensive international cooperation in the field of Sponge City. Keywords such as ‘Sponge City’, ‘LID (Low Impact Development)’ and ‘SWMM (Storm Water Management Model)’ appeared frequently. In our opinions, interdisciplinary research methods, digital information management technology and comprehensive performance evaluation are the hot research directions for Sponge City in the future. This study aims to provide directions for future research on Sponge City, as well as scientific guidance and reference for government decision makers on Sponge City.
Integrating dead recoveries in open‐population spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Dupont P. , Milleret C. , Tourani M. , Brøseth H. , Bischof R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntegrating dead recoveries into capture–recapture models can improve inference on demographic parameters. But dead‐recovery data do not only inform on individual fates; they also contain information about individual locations. Open‐population spatial capture–recapture (OPSCR) has the potential to fully exploit such data. Here, we present an open‐population spatial capture–recapture–recovery model integrating the spatial information associated with dead recoveries. Using simulations, we investigate the conditions under which this extension of the OPSCR model improves inference and illustrate the approach with the analysis of a wolverine (Gulo gulo) dataset from Norway. Simulation results showed that the integration of dead recoveries into OPSCR boosted the precision of all demographic parameters. In addition, the integration of dead‐recovery locations boosted the precision of the inter‐annual movement parameter, which is difficult to estimate in OPSCR, by up to 40% in case of sparse data. We also detected a 139–367% increase in the probability of models reaching convergence with increasing proportion of dead recoveries when dead‐recovery information was integrated spatially, compared with a 30–107% increase when integrating dead recoveries in a non‐spatial way. The analysis of the wolverine data showed the same general pattern of improved parameter precision. Overall, our results highlight how leveraging the demographic and spatial information contained in dead‐recovery data in a spatial capture–recapture framework can improve population parameter estimation.
The evidence for pharmacist care in outpatients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schumacher Pia M. , Becker Nicolas , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Koshman Sheri L. , McDonald Michael A. , Bouvy Marcel , Rutten Frans H. , Laufs Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Schulz Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure (HF) have poor outcomes, including poor quality of life, and high morbidity and mortality. In addition, they have a high medication burden due to the multiple drug therapies now recommended by guidelines. Previous reviews, including studies in hospital settings, provided evidence that pharmacist care improves outcomes in patients with HF. Because most HF is managed outside of hospitals, we aimed to synthesize the evidence for pharmacist care in outpatients with HF.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and integrated the evidence on patient outcomes in a meta‐analysis. We found 24 RCTs performed in 10 countries, including 8029 patients. The data revealed consistent improvements in medication adherence (independent of the measuring instrument) and knowledge, physical function, and disease and medication management. Sixteen RCTs were included in meta‐analyses. Differences in all‐cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84–1.12], Q‐statistic, P = 0.49, I2 = 0%), all‐cause hospitalizations (OR = 0.86 [0.73–1.03], Q‐statistic, P = 0.01, I2 = 45.5%), and HF hospitalizations (OR = 0.89 [0.77–1.02], Q‐statistic, P = 0.11, I2 = 0%) were not statistically significant. We also observed an improvement in the standardized mean difference for generic quality of life of 0.75 ([0.49–1.01], P < 0.01), with no indication of heterogeneity (Q‐statistic, P = 0.64; I2 = 0%).ConclusionsResults indicate that pharmacist care improves medication adherence and knowledge, symptom control, and some measures of quality of life in outpatients with HF. Given the increasing complexity of guideline‐directed medical therapy, pharmacists' unique focus on medication management, titration, adherence, and patient teaching should be considered part of the management strategy for these vulnerable patients.
An effective spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks using improved convolution neural network by glow worm swarm algorithm
Authors: K. Danesh , S. Vasuhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpectrum sensing ranks amongst cognitive radio's most critical and demanding activities. For radio resource networks to use idle licensed bandwidth, secondary users need to identify the primary user's signal precisely. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed to improve the efficiency of spectrum use to meet the increasing demand for wireless bandwidth; they allow channel communication between secondary (unlicensed) and primary (licensed) users without interruption. A secondary user in a CRN must at all times track the presence of a primary user's signal to prevent the primary user (PU) from attempting to intervene whether the statistical variance of the PU data traffic would boost the prediction outcome provided by multiple current teaching algorithms in estimating the PU's average OFF time and the need for the best adaptive learning to predict accurate PU activities. The objective of the work has been modeled to identify the PUs signal. First, the data has been created via quadrature phase shift keying modulation and quadrature amplitude modulation by convolutional neural network (CNN). A dataset with different orthogonal frequency‐division (OFDM) multiple access signals is generated. Then cyclo‐stationary functions are extracted using the accumulation process fast Fourier Transform. This research aims to use glow worm swarm optimization (GWSO) to automatically check for the optimal design of CNNs without any manual work being required. Also, k‐Nearest Neighbors (kNN) replaces Softmax, as it outperforms conventional CNN architectures with noisy signals. A comparison of the proposed classifier with another machine learning classifier, namely support vector machine, Decision tree (DT), clearly shows that SVM and DT are outperformed by the improved convolution neural network‐glow worm swarm optimization (ICNN‐GWSO) classification. Results of simulation show that the improved scheme outperforms conventional spectrum sensing systems, both in fading and non‐fading settings, where efficiency is measured using measures such as chance, the total likelihood of error, and the ability to optimize data transfer possibilities.
Sites of invasion of cancer of the external auditory canal predicting oncologic outcomes
Authors: Shiga Kiyoto , Nibu Ken‐ichi , Fujimoto Yasushi , Asakage Takahiro , Homma Akihiro , Mitani Hiroki , Ogawa Takenori , Okami Kenji , Murono Shigeyuki , Hirano Shigeru , Ueda Tsutomu , Hanai Nobuhiro , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Ota Ichiro , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Shinozaki Takeshi , Iwae Shigemichi , Katagiri Katsunori , Saito Daisuke , Kiyota Naomi , Tahara Makoto , Takahashi Fumiaki , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to reveal the influence of the invasion site of external auditory canal (EAC) cancer by analyzing the outcome of patients with advanced tumor.MethodsA total of 111 patients with T4 EAC cancer were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 79 underwent chemoradiotherapy and 32 underwent surgery under curative intent. Univariate and multivariate analyses and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to focus on the tumor invasion sites and overall survival of the patients.ResultsThe 3‐year overall survival rate of all patients was 55.0%. In multivariate analysis, the only significant invasion site for overall survival was the facial nerve, with the dura mater being the next most influential site. When Kaplan–Meier survival curve was calculated, facial nerve and dura mater were the significant factors resulting in poor patient outcomes.ConclusionThe facial nerve and dura mater are crucial sites of EAC cancer for patient outcomes.
pH‐Controlled Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Naphthalenediimide Appended l‐Alanine and Ethylenediamine Asymmetric Bolaamphiphile
Authors: Shaikh Dada B. , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Birajdar Shailesh S. , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Antolasic Frank , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesign, synthesis and characterization of novel (2S)‐2‐[7‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐1,3,6,8‐tetraoxo‐3,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthrolin‐2(1H)‐yl]propanoic acid (1) bolaamphiphile, which combine naphthalene diimide (NDI) appended with l‐alanine at one end of imide and ethylenediamine at the other end. An l‐alanine bearing NDI‐based asymmetric bolaamphiphile self‐assembled at various pH ranging from 2 to 10 forms a variety of supramolecular nanostructures. The UV‐Vis and emission spectroscopic techniques employed for the optical and photophysical properties study of bolaamphiphile 1 at various pH values. It was revealed that the change in pH alters both the optical and photophysical properties of bolaamphiphile 1. Theoretical calculations used to investigate the electronic properties of the bolaamphiphile 1. Dynamic light scattering experiments displayed formation of aggregates in solution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the nanostructures formed on silicon wafers. Furthermore, the X‐ray diffraction was used to determine the nanostructure's packing properties i. e. crystalline/amorphous. Experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results inferred and revealed the induction of chirality into the supramolecular systems, which was shown to be pH dependent. This study clearly demonstrates the manipulation of pH can control/tune chiral supramolecular structures and provide future methods for the development of chiral recognition and catalysis study.
Pharmacological treatment algorithms for the acute phase, agitation, and maintenance phase of first‐episode schizophrenia: Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology treatment algorithms
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Takekita Yoshiteru , Hori Hikaru , Oya Kazuto , Miura Itaru , Hashimoto Naoki , Yasui‐Furukori Norio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere are only a few treatment algorithms for first‐episode schizophrenia. Moreover, all the algorithms apply to acute treatment, but not maintenance treatment. Therefore, we aimed to develop acute and maintenance treatment algorithms for first‐episode schizophrenia.MethodsThe algorithm committee of the Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology developed pharmacological treatment algorithms for the acute phase, agitation, and maintenance phase of first‐episode schizophrenia.ResultsThe acute treatment algorithm focuses on drug‐naïve patients with first‐episode schizophrenia who are not old or very agitated and recommends first‐line treatment with aripiprazole, second‐ or third‐line treatment with risperidone/paliperidone or olanzapine, and fourth‐line treatment with clozapine. Long‐acting injection of the current antipsychotic agent can be used for poor medication adherence or based on patient preference. The agitation treatment algorithm recommends first‐line treatment with lorazepam and second‐ or third‐line treatment with quetiapine or levomepromazine and clearly instructs that the medication used for agitation should be reduced and then discontinued after remission of agitation. The maintenance treatment algorithm recommends the gradual reduction of antipsychotics to the minimum effective dose after remission of positive symptoms.ConclusionsWe hope that our unique algorithms will be used broadly and will contribute to minimizing patients' burden related to antipsychotic treatment.
History, overview, and governance of environmental monitoring in the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Dubé Monique G. , Dunlop Jenna M. , Davidson Carla , Beausoleil Danielle L. , Hazewinkel Roderick R. O. , Wyatt Faye 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over the past decades, concerns regarding the local and cumulative impacts of oil sands development have been increasing. These concerns reflect the industry's emissions, land disturbance, water use, and the resulting impacts to Indigenous Rights. Effective environmental management is essential to address and ultimately manage these concerns. A series of ambient regional monitoring programs in the oil sands region (OSR) have struggled with scope and governance. In the last 10 years, monitoring has evolved from a regulatory-driven exercise implemented by industry into a focused, collaborative, multistakeholder program that attempts to integrate rigorous science from a multitude of disciplines and ways of knowing. Monitoring in the region continues to grapple with leadership, governance, data management, scope, and effective analysis and reporting. This special series, “A Decade of Research and Monitoring in the Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada,” provides a series of critical reviews that synthesize 10 years of published monitoring results to identify patterns of consistent ecological responses or effects, significant gaps in knowledge, and recommendations for improved monitoring, assessment, and management of the region. The special series considered over 300 peer-reviewed papers and represents the first integrated critical review of the published literature from the region. This introductory paper of the series introduces the history of ambient environmental monitoring in the OSR and discusses historic and ongoing challenges with the environmental monitoring effort. While significant progress has been made in areas of governance, expanded geographical scope, and inclusion of Indigenous communities in monitoring in the region, significant issues remain regarding a lack of integrated reporting on environmental conditions, public access to data, and continuity of monitoring efforts over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:319–332. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
This article introduces a special series that reviews over 300 manuscripts published over 10 years across environmental disciplines in the oil sands region of Alberta. The series is the first integrated critical review of published literature in the region. We discuss the history of ambient environmental monitoring in the region and the historic and ongoing challenges including how western science and Indigenous knowledge have been considered. While some progress has been made, significant issues remain regarding a lack of integrated reporting on environmental conditions, lack of public access to data, and discontinuity of monitoring efforts over time due, in part, to political influence.