bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the histopathology reports of colorectal carcinoma surgery
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Deodhar Kedar K. , Budukh Atul , Bal Munita M. , Ramadwar Mukta 
Published: June 2021

Background:
A comprehensive histopathology report of colorectal carcinoma surgery is important in cancer staging and planning adjuvant treatment. Our aim was to review histopathology reports of operated specimens of colorectal carcinoma in our institution between 2013 and 2015 to assess different histological parameters, including lymph node yield, and to evaluate compliance to minimum data sets.

Methods:
After approval by the institutional review board (IRB), we analyzed 1230 histopathology reports of colorectal carcinoma between 2013 and 2015. Various gross and microscopic findings (along with age, sex) were noted, for example, specimen type, tumor site, resection margins including circumferential resection margin (CRM), lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, pTNM stage, lymph node yield, etc.

Results:
Out of 1230 patients, 826 (67.15%) were men and 404 (32.85%) were women. The overall mean age was 52 (range: 18 - 90) years. There were 787 surgeries for rectal cancers. All reports commented on the type of specimen, tumor size (mean = 4.38 cm), proximal, and distal margins. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the pT stage were mentioned in 98.06% and 99.84%, respectively. The overall mean lymph node yield was 18.38 (median = 15, range = 0-130 lymph nodes). A statistically significant difference in lymph node yield was detected between rectal and colonic cancer patients (14.79 and 27.26); post neoadjuvant therapy (NACT) cases, and NACT naive cases (13.51 and 25.11); and high tumor stage and low tumor stage disease (20.60 and 15.22). Not commenting on extramural vascular emboli, tumor budding, and CRM in non-rectal cancer cases were the lacunae.

Conclusion:
Our compliance with minimal data sets is satisfactory. The overall mean lymph node yield was 18.38 (median = 15). Extramural vascular emboli, tumor budding need to be captured.
Establishing the [18F]-FDG Production via Two Different Automated Synthesizers for Routine Clinical Studies
Authors: Saxena Priya , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Dixit Manish , Kheruka Subhash Chandra , Mahmood Tarique , Gambhir Sanjay 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) is the most widely used positron-emission tomography tracer used for imaging in clinical studies such as early detection of cancer or its malignancies, quantifications, staging, and restaging of several malignancies. For clinical application, routine production of this tracer is mandatory in compliance to regulatory guidelines. Several dedicated commercial synthesizers are currently used for producing[18F]-FDG for clinical usage. Being at hospital radiopharmacy, it is our responsibility and duty to support the clinical service with uninterrupted production and supply of [18F]-FDG. This document describes the production of [18F]-FDG using two different automated synthesizers in terms of its production yield, time of synthesis, and analyze the quality control (QC) of the produced [18F]-FDG.

Materials and Methods:
The precursor, mannose triflate ultra-pure, authentic nonradioactive standard FDG and [18O]-water were obtained from ABX, Germany. Solvents and reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich India Ltd. and Fisher Scientific India Ltd., (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India).

Results:
The protocol developed for the synthesis with MPS-100 synthesizer yield of [18F]-FDG is approximate about 45% End of Bombardment (EOB) with synthesis time of around 35 min, whereas with F300E synthesizer it is around 60% with synthesis time of 25 min. The quality of the tracer produced by both synthesizers is at par with the QC parameter for clinical applications.

Conclusions:
Finally, we have developed the production using two automated synthesis modules which have the capability to produce [18F]-FDG, to do the patient studies in good yield and purity. Our protocol is simple, reproducible, and robust.
Designing and Comparing Performances of Image Processing Pipeline for Enhancement of I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine Images
Authors: Pandey Anil Kumar , Dhiman Shweta , ArunRaj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Patel Chetan , Bal Chandrashekhar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
An image processing pipeline can have more than one image processing technique in sequence, and the output of the first technique becomes input for the next technique and so on. In this study, we have designed and compared the performances of image processing pipelines for enhancement of I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) images.

Materials and Methods:
Five different image processing pipelines (A [Gaussian filter, normalization], B [histogram specification (image 1), Gaussian filter, normalization], C [histogram specification (image 2), Gaussian filter, normalization], D [{histogram specification (image 3), Gaussian filter, and normalization], and E [histogram specification (image 4), Gaussian filter, normalization]) were designed and their performances were evaluated on I-131-mIBG images (n = 122). The image quality was assessed objectively using Perception-based Image Quality Evaluator (PIQE) score and subjectively (on scale 1–4) by two nuclear medicine physician. Sign test was applied to find the statistically significant difference between the image quality obtained using image processing pipelines. We applied test of proportion to compute difference in proportion of image quality score assigned to images obtained using image processing pipelines.

Results:
Based on PIQE score, the quality of images obtained using all the five image processing pipelines were significantly better than that of input images (P < 0.001). The highest image quality score (=4) was assigned maximum number of times (n = 90) to the images obtained using image processing pipeline D and was significantly different from that of the second best image processing pipeline E (P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
The image processing pipeline D was found to be better for enhancement of I-131-mIBG images.
Disseminated Rhinosporidiosis Mimicking Pulmonary Metastasis – A Case Report
Authors: Balakrishnan Rabitha , Satheesh Rohith , Felix Vinod , Padmanabhan Arjun 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, mostly affecting the nasal mucosa. Extranasal involvement is also reported involving eyes, oral cavity, and skin. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient with disseminated rhinosporidiosis who presented with pulmonary lesions which resembled metastasis.
Prevalence of Haller Infraorbital Ethmoidal Cells on Panoramic Radiograph – A Prospective Study
Authors: Adaki Shridevi , Karagir Amol , Shah Kaushal , Adaki Raghavendra 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Haller's cells are anatomical variations in the development of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Numerous pathologies and symptoms are associated with this entity. So the present study was planned to evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of Haller's cells on panoramic radiographs.

Aim:
The aim was to determine the prevalence and evaluate the characteristics of Haller's cells on panoramic radiographs.

Settings and Design:
Sample was selected from the Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, and the study was carried out for 1 year. The panoramic radiographs were evaluated for the presence of Haller cells.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 860 patients of both genders with an age range of 18–60 years. A panoramic radiograph was made and evaluated for the presence of Haller's cells and also side, shape, number of cells, and number of loculae (unilocular or multilocular) were evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test was done

Results:
Haller's cells were noted in 190 patients, with a prevalence of 22.09%. Out of these, 66.84% were unilateral and 33.15% were bilateral. The majority of the cells were round and irregular in shape. The unilocular type of Haller's cells occurring unilaterally was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study revealed that panoramic radiographs can depict and provide a clear delineation of Haller's cells. The description of the Haller cells is useful in the identification of entities and helps in differential diagnosis for patients having intractable orofacial pain. Further studies will be planned to look for such entities in cases of intractable orofacial pain which will help to alter the treatment planning accordingly.
A Study on Micronuclei in Tobacco and Related Habits
Authors: Patel Twinkal S. , Chaudhary Anjani R. , Dudhia Bhavin B. , Bhatia Parul V. , Patel Purv S. , Jani Yesha V. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Oral cancer is one of the ten most common causes of mortality in developing countries like India. A micronucleus (MN) is a small extra nucleus separated from the main one, generated during cellular division by late chromosomes or by chromosome fragments. Micronucleus is a potential biomarker for malignancy.

Aim and Objectives:
The study attempts to analyze micronuclei in buccal smear from patients with tobacco and related habits; and to determine its reliability as a biomarker for carcinogenesis.

Study Design:
A total of 400 consisting of normal subjects, patients with potentially malignant lesions and patients with malignant lesions were included in the study. Oral exfoliated cells were collected by scrapings of buccal mucosa of both control and study groups with a tooth brush. The scrapings collected from right and left buccal mucosa of each subject were studied under two separate slides. A total of 500 cells were examined from each slide. All the micronucleus cells located on each slide were examined again under the 100X magnification.

Results:
The P value for intergroup difference in average number of micronuclei in cells of buccal mucosa among all groups was <0.001 which was highly significant. The P value for micronucleated cells of buccal mucosa among all groups was <0.001 which was highly significant.

Conclusion:
A stepwise increase in MN counts from normal to potentially malignant to carcinoma suggested a link of this biomarker with neoplastic progression. Micronuclei can be used as a biomarker for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.
Anatomical Variations of Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chanda Satarupa , Manoj Reema , Ramaswami Easwaran , Santosh Vasavi , Waghmare Mandavi , Vahanwala Sonal 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Precise anatomy and course of mandibular canal is important to obtain the desired outcome of different mandibular surgical procedures and circumvent various surgical complications. This study aimed to document the presence, frequency, and type of mandibular canal variations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
CBCT images of 100 patients with a total of 200 sides (right and left) were obtained retrospectively from the database of Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai. The presence and type of mandibular canal variation were evaluated and classified according to Naitoh et al. classification (2009) along with Rashsuren et al. modification (2014). Prevalence rates were determined according to gender, side of the mandible, and type. Morphometric analysis of the mandibular canal variations was made. Statistical analysis with Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Scheffe's tests were performed.

Results:
Mandibular canal variations were found in 13% of patients and 8% of total sides. Type I dental canal (37.50%) was the most common type of accessory canal followed by Type II retromolar canal (31.25%), Type III forward canal type (25%), Type V trifid canal (6.25%), and Type IV buccolingual canal (0%). The retromolar canal had the maximum length and diameter and most of the accessory mandibular canals (60%) had a diameter of more than 50% of that of the main canal.

Conclusion:
Bifid mandibular canal was the most common anatomical variation of the mandibular canal found in this study with dental canal type being the most frequent type. To avoid iatrogenic injuries, a presurgical detailed evaluation of the mandibular canal using CBCT was suggested.
A Baleful Combination of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Menopause
Authors: Mehrotra Vishal , Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Saxena Shubhra , Sambyal Sheenam 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Menopause is found to be associated with several adverse changes in the oro-facial complex, which may affect neural mechanisms because of attribution of the estrogen imbalance.

Aim:
The present study was conducted on female patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia and was either in the peri-menopausal or menopausal age groups. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of trigeminal neuralgia in peri-menopausal and menopausal females.

Material and Methods:
In 2 years period, a total of 169 women patients with clinically diagnosed trigeminal neuralgia were included in the study. Based on neuralgic symptoms and gynecologist confirmation, selected patients were subdivided into groups based on age which were further subdivided into perimenopause and menopause. Collected data was tabulated and calculations were made with SPSS v21 and Chi-square test.

Results:
In the present study, 70.4% of patients were of 46–55 years of age which was the maximum proportion. Trigeminal neuralgia was more common in the age group of 46–55 years (82.2%), and the incidence of neuralgic pain was more common in the lower jaws (75.1%) and the right side of the face. In the present study, the lower jaw (79.8) was commonly involved as compared to the upper jaws in both perimenopausal (67.2%) and menopausal women (85.9%).

Conclusion:
This study stated that trigeminal neuralgia affects more commonly the older age group with a high incidence in postmenopausal women as compared to the perimenopausal women, where the lower jaw is more commonly affected in older and postmenopausal females.
Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of Microbiome and Topical Hyaluronic Acid Gel Combination Therapy in Minor Aphthous Ulcer Management – A comparative study
Authors: Kuduva Ramesh Shilpa Shree , Sadaksharam Jayachandran 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of the combination of microbiomes and 0.2% topical hyaluronic acid gel, alongside topical monotherapy with 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel and steroids, respectively, in minor aphthous ulcer management.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 45 patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 15) –– a combination of microbiome therapy––pre- and probiotics capsules p. o. and topical 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel; Group B (n = 15)––topical 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel; and Group C (n = 15)––0.1% triamcinolone acetonide oromucosal paste. Numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain, ulcer dimensions measured by Digital Planimetry using android mobile application to determine the degree of ulcer healing (%) and occurrence of new ulcers were recorded on 0, third, and seventh days of treatment.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test among the groups and independent t - test for the degree of ulcer healing between third and seventh days were applied.

Results:
NRS for pain at day 3 showed a statistically significant pain reduction in Group A compared with Groups B and C (P = 0.04, 0.01, respectively). Though Group A showed the highest grade of closure (93.4 ± 2.5%) and a greater decrease in mean NRS score (0.2 ± 0.42) on the seventh day when compared to Groups B and C, results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Microbiome and topical hyaluronic acid gel combination therapy helps in immediate pain relief and faster healing. Hence, it could be an excellent alternative for topical steroid management.
Salivary Ki-67 and Micronucleus Assay as Potential Biomarker of OSCC in Betel Nut Chewers
Authors: Triani Maulina , Widodo Haris B. , Novrial Dody , Agustina Dewi , Nawangtantrini Gita 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Oral cancer is often associated with various factors, such as betel nut consumption, which usually causes specific premalignant lesions. The most common oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which has a low 5-year survivor rate because early detection of the malignancies is not widely used and not routinely carried out in dental practice. Early detection of malignancy can be done by measuring the salivary Ki-67 level and micronucleus assay from the buccal smear.

Aims and Objectives:
The study aimed to examine the potency of the salivary Ki-67 level and micronucleus assay for early detection of OSCC in betel nut chewers.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in 17 betel nut chewers and 17 healthy people as a control group. Saliva was collected with the passive drooling technique and then analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Buccal smears were taken, then a cytological slide was made and stained using Papanicolaou.

Settings and Design:
This study was a cross-sectional analytic survey that was conducted in the Banyumas District of Indonesia with a post-test- only control group design.

Statistical Analysis:
The statistical analysis used is a non-parametric test using Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results:
There was a significant difference between the Ki-67 level and micronucleus in the betel nut chewers group and the control group. There was a significant difference between Ki-67 and micronucleus levels in the various types of oral lesions that were found in the betel nut chewer's group.

Conclusion:
Examination of Ki-67 and micronucleus assay is effective as an alternative early biomarker for OSCC.
Efficacy of Flipped Classroom Teaching on the Cognitive Domain in Second-Year Physiotherapy Students
Authors: Grover Pranjal , Phadke Shweta 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Flipped learning is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning that reverses the traditional learning environment by delivering instructional content, often online, outside the classroom. It moves activities, including those that may have conventionally been considered homework, into the classroom. With the availability of resources but restrictions on time, flipped learning can replace or be an adjunct to conventional classroom teaching as per the need.

Objectives:
(1) Comparison of the MCQ test scores pre- and postflipped learning classroom. (2) Analyze the feedback of the students on flipped learning through structured questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 36 second-year students from TMV's Lokmanya Medical College of Physiotherapy. After approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, written consent was obtained from the participants. The study material was mailed to all the participants. Flipped classroom instructional strategy was employed with videos of “Gait-Kinetics and Kinematics” that were uploaded. Two classroom lectures were conducted for in-depth exploration and problem-solving done. Pre- and postMCQ test administered and feedback was taken.

Results:
A significant improvement was seen in the MCQ test score post two flipped learning sessions (P < 0.001). The feedback questionnaire analysis established that flipped classroom technique is an effective teaching method.

Conclusion:
Flipped classroom teaching is an effective teaching method in bringing about a change in the cognitive domain of second-year physiotherapy students.
Determining Acid and Metalliferous Drainage Potential of Waste Rock on a Mine
Authors: Fosu S. , Owusu C. , Ntsiful F. , Ackah K. 
Published: June 2021

Acid and Metalliferous Drainage (AMD) is recognised as serious environmental problem in the mining industry. This is because environmental issue of AMD poses serious threat to water quality, vegetation cover and social licence of the mining operations. AMD occurs when reactive sulphide bearing materials are exposed to oxidising conditions. It has now become imperative for some mining companies to test sulphide bearing minerals for their AMD potential before major mining excavations are done. This work determines the AMD potential of fifty (50) waste rock samples from a Mine using Acid Base Accounting (ABA) techniques. Mineralogical studies on the sample indicated that the major sulphide mineral assemblages present were pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Paste pH showed that 20% of the samples had undergone weathering and as such AMD generation had already started. Approximately 22% of the sample had conductivity levels between 1000 to 10,000 µS/cm and this shows a typical AMD chemical characteristic of high salinity. Acid Base Accounting showed that 32% of the samples were acid generating. Exactly 16% were non-acid forming and 52% were uncertain. The analysis showed that the potential for AMD generation exists for the waste rock material and can affect the local environment, specifically water quality if preventive measures are not taken.

Keywords: Sulphide, Waste Rock, Acid Base Accounting, Paste pH, Conductivity
Task model simulators: a review
Authors: Lachaume Thomas , Guittet Laurent , Girard Patrick , Fousse Allan 
Published: June 2021

La description de l’activité humain-système par des modèles de tâches existe depuis plusieurs années. Après l’époque papier-crayon, les outils d’édition des modèles de tâches ont permis la conception et l’archivage des modèles selon une notation rigoureuse, et la vérification de leur cohérence. Mais la compréhension de la dynamique est restée affaire de spécialiste jusqu’à l’apparition des simulateurs de modèles. Une simulation permet d’appréhender les enchaînements réels de tâches - décrits implicitement par les opérateurs temporels - et de valider les scénarios ainsi réalisés.
Cet article décrit et compare les simulateurs actuellement disponibles et maintenus, et explique leurs différents usages en fonction des buts et niveaux d’expertise des utilisateurs. De nouvelles perspectives d’évolutions de ces modèles et outils sont alors définies dans le but d’améliorer leur sémantique.
Task modelling has enabled the building of models of human activity for a long time. In the early years, pencil and paper where the only means available to build task models from task model notations. Because of the lack of computed constraints, task models often did not conform to the notation. To solve this problem, some tools were designed by authors in order to help users create, modify and save correct models that conform to the notation syntactic rules. However, understanding the full semantics of task models appeared difficult for practitioners. The dynamic aspects of task models could only be understood "in the user's head". New tools, named simulators, emerged to solve this problem. They allow to "run" or to "simulate" task models and to record scenarios. This execution fulfils the semantics of task model operators, which define the task dynamic semantics. Simulators can be used in many ways such as understanding model semantics, verifying or validating models, building valid scenarios, etc. In this article, we describe and compare currently available and maintained task model simulators, and explain the different usages of these tools, according to user goals and qualifications. Then, we explore the different challenges for these tools to exploit the complete semantics of task models.