bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[New phreatic and stygobitic hydrobiids from the Northern Apennines in Piedmont, Liguria and Emilia-Romagna (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae)]
Authors: Bodon Marco , Cianfanelli Simone 
Published: December 2021

Five new species of phreatic and stygobitic hydrobiids are here described for the Ligurian- Piedmontese and Emilian Apennines. Two species belong to the genus Alzoniella: Alzoniella borberensis n. sp., endemic to the sub-basin of the Borbera and Spinti streams, and to the lower stretch of the Scrivia stream, in the province of Alessandria, and Alzoniella isoensis n. sp., limited to the middle course of the Scrivia stream and to the basin of the Polcevera stream, on the Tyrrhenian sector of the Genoa province. Three species belong to the genus Fissuria: Fissuria globosa n. sp., widespread throughout the sub-basin of the Scrivia stream (Genoa and Alessandria provinces), as well as in other Apennine watercourses of the provinces of Alessandria, Piacenza, Parma and Reggio Emilia; Fissuria varicosa n. sp., present in the same area of Alzoniella borberensis n. sp., but also found in the Nure and Arda streams (Piacenza province) and in the Stirone stream (Parma province), and Fissuria sossoi n. sp., limited to the sub-basin of the Stura di Ovada streams (Genoa province). The first species, assigned to the genus Alzoniella Giusti & Bodon 1984 based on its anatomical characters, has a shell with peristome detached from the last whorl, such as that of other phreatic species already known for eastern Liguria and central Italy, but differs from these in the shorter shell. The shape of the shell of A. borberensis n. sp. resembles that of other crenal or stygobitic species, widespread in northern Italy. A. isoensis n. sp., is very similar to A. borberensis, although the peristome is not sinuous superiorly on the outer edge of the shell, but differs sharply in the anatomical characters. The other taxa with valvatoid shells here described, can be ascribed to the genus Fissuria Boeters 1981 based on their anatomical characters, and show some peculiarities of the male genital tract that distinguish them from the other congeneric species so far known for southern Europe. The three new species of Fissuria differ mainly in the characters of the shell, more or less globose in F. globosa n. sp., more conical in F. sossoi n. sp. and more flattened in F. varicosa n. sp.; the latter is also characterized by the presence of a marked varix behind the peristome. Altogether, these new species can be defined as phreatic, as they colonize groundwater near watercourses; only A. isoensis n. sp. has a wider ecology, as it also lives in karst groundwater and groundwater in rocks permeable by fracking.
[Article in Italian]
Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Biogenic Gymnema Sylvestre- and Panicum Sumatrense-Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Bharathy Moses Stella , Jeyaleela Gnanasekar Dayana , Vimala Joseph Devaraj Rosaline , Agila Aranganathan , Sheela Sagaya Adaikalaraj Margrat 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Studying the anti-inflammatory effect of the wound-healing property in immune responsive compounds such as interleukins and cytokinins plays a vital role in targeting various inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, and periodontitis. The goal of the present work is to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)- and Panicum sumatrense (PS)-mediated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) by in vitro studies.

Methods:

G. sylvestre- and P. sumatrense-mediated TiO2 NPs were synthesized by Greener method. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were spectroscopically characterized such as Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2 NPs were carried out by albumin denaturation assay.

Results:
The size of G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 (GS-TiO2) NPs was found to be 16–22 nm and that of P. sumatrense (PS-TiO2)-mediated NPs was in the range of 26–32 nm. Rectangle, hexagonal, and square types of NPs were recorded in the SEM analysis of both the GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2. When comparing the X-ray powder diffraction and EDAX results of GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2, G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 showed less impurity and along with that, it revealed pure titanium in 50.50% and oxygen in 35.54%. Similarly, G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited 91.52% of inhibitory effect on protein denature (in vitro anti-inflammatory activity), whereas P. sumatrense (PS-TiO2)-mediated NPs showed only 84.80%.

Conclusion:
The overall study concludes that G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 nanoparticle can have a scope in alternative treatment/remedy for inflammation diseases.
Identification of Molecular Signatures and Pathways to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Singh Vineeta , Mishra Vijaya Nath 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, there are no peripheral biomarkers available that can detect AD onset. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the earlier stage of AD.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the molecular signatures and target and its therapeutic intervention in MCI-AD through a detailed analysis of gene of MCI and AD.

Materials and Methods:
We used the disease gene set of AD and MCI (GSE4226 and GSE4229) comparing to identify common genes among them. GIn the present study we have attempted to identify gene set, protein-protein interaction and Transcription factors associated with MCI and AD.

Result and Conclusion:
Conclusively, the present study will provide a set of markers as biological processes, cellular components, molecular function, various pathways, and different TFs which might help in better understanding of disease mechanism progression and also might act as a target for therapeutic interventions for the treatment of MCI and AD.
Computational Bioprospecting of Andrographolide Derivatives as Potent Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Mujwar Somdutt 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Inflammation is a protective response of the human body that still causes a high level of discomfort because of the associated pain and other inflammatory reactions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have certain associated severe side-effects such as hepatotoxicity. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a novel anti-inflammatory agent to counter the associated problems with the existing NSAIDs.

Methods:
The herbal sources are a very vast treasure for exploring potential leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents to counter the existing healthcare problems for the welfare of humankind. Thus, in the current experimental study, the author has tried to develop some of the novel andrographolide analogs as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors by using bioisosteric substitutions.

Results:
The newly developed andrographolide derivatives have a high affinity for the human COX-2 enzyme, an optimized pharmacokinetic profile as well as being free from any associated toxic effects.

Conclusion:
The andrographolide derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors are supposed to be free from the side effects associated with NSAIDs with an optimized pharmacokinetic profile.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Silent Myocardial Ischemia among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bangalore - A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Handargal Nagappa H , Shetty Shristi J 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Earlier diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetics may prevent catastrophic cardiac events and hence warrants the need for detection of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI). Therefore, the study aimed to assess the role of treadmill test (TMT) in patients who were asymptomatic, to detect and estimate the occurrence of SMI (positive exercise TMT), and to find the association between presence of SMI and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 162 DM cases (type 2) with a mean age of 55.32 ± 11.89 years, who had undergone a TMT without any CAD evidence clinically. All the subjects had normal 12 lead electrocardiography and underwent TMT.

Results:
Among 162 subjects, TMT was positive in 63 (38.9%) study subjects. TMT positivity for inducible ischemia in type 2 DM patients was associated with increasing age, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, higher HbA1C, albuminuria, retinopathy, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score. Smoking, diabetic retinopathy, and urine albumin were associated with TMT significantly (P value < 0.005). A significant linear increasing trend in proportion of TMT positive over HbA1c was observed. Mean height of TMT-positive subjects (159.2 ± 7.47 cm) was more than TMT-negative subjects (P < 0.005). The mean BMI (29.69 ± 3.58 kg/m2) and triglycerides (173.87 ± 112.7 mg/dl) of TMT-positive subjects were more than TMT-negative subjects (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:
CAD prevalence is greater in asymptomatic cases of type 2 DM in this geographic region. A significant linear increasing trend was observed in TMT positive over HbA1c. Hence, TMT can be incorporated in routine screening for SMI in patients suffering from diabetes.
Clinical and Angiographic Profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients (<40 Years) and Short-Term Prognosis
Authors: Varun Nivargi , Ajitkumar Jadhav 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The rapidly changing economic stature and lifestyle choices of young individuals have affected healthcare in India. An increased prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young individuals has been observed.

Aims and Objectives:
The present cross-sectional, observational study was designed to record the clinical and angiographic profiles of young individuals (<40 years) with ACS.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was also designed to analyze the associations of lifestyle risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol on the occurrence of ACS and short-term (1 month) prognosis (rehospitalization and mortality). The inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 40 years with angina pectoris or equivalent at presentation and later diagnosed ACS per the consensus paper from the European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/World Heart Federation joint task force. Patients with a previous history of ACS/coronary revascularization, atypical chest pain, valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and/or congenital heart disease were excluded.

Results:
Out of the 403 patients that were screened, 162 young patients (18–40 years, mean ± standard deviation: 31.5 ± 4.64) were enrolled from a single tertiary cardiac care center located at Pune, Maharashtra, from May 2014 to May 2016. Most of the patient population were males (n [%]:151 [93.2]) of which 50% had positive addiction status for alcohol and smoking, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and a quarter of the patients had comorbidities of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and/or abnormal lipid profile. The majority of the young ACS patients had ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI: 87%), wherein anterior wall myocardial infarction was the most common electrocardiogram presentation, and primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction (PAMI) was the preferred modality of treatment in most of the young patients (61.7% vs. 38.3% thrombolysis).

Conclusion:
The prevalent angiographic profile of this study participants included obstructive CAD, single vessel disease, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45, Angina Class IV, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, and Killip class I. Low LVEF, NYHA class IV, and Killip class IV showed association with short-term outcomes (mortality). The present study adds to the pool of information related to the western Indian population. However, a larger cohort study with a long-term follow is warranted to analyze the detailed ACS progression status in young individuals.
Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Different Doses of Curcumin and Vitamin c in Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Khudair Dhekra Hasan , Al-Gareeb Ali I. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Methotrexate, the antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, is used in the treatment of different types of cancers and the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Hepatotoxicity is one of its major side effects.

Objectives:
The present study assesses the hepatoprotective effect of different doses of curcumin and Vitamin C in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective experimental study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and in the animal's house of the Iraqi Center for Cancer Research, Baghdad-Iraq, from November 2020 to June 2021, and comprised Swiss albino female mice aged 3–4 months and weighing 30–40 g each. The mice were divided into 6 groups, the first group was considered as control which received only distilled water, the second group was considered as methotrexate group, third and fourth groups orally supplemented with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg curcumin, respectively, fifth and sixth groups orally supplemented with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg Vitamin C, respectively, The experiment continued for 10 days, and on the 10th day all groups, except the control one, received 20 mg/kg methotrexate intraperitoneally to induce hepatotoxicity. Parameters measured were serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis.

Results:
The results show significant hepatoprotection produced by curcumin reflected by a decrease in LDH and MDA. Vitamin C also produced a significant hepatoprotection demonstrated by a decrease in ALT, ALP, LDH, and MDA.

Conclusion:
Curcumin and Vitamin C were found to provide hepatoprotection against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity through the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner.
Comparison of Serum Interleukin-37 Level in Obese, Nonobese Type II Diabetic Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Alhayali Fadwa E. , Yücel Ayşegül A , Ashoor Zainab F. 
Published: December 2021

Backgroud:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a metabolic disease resulting from the genetic and environmental factors and which causes insulin dysfunction on peripheral tissues, as well as in the pancreatic β-cell. Underlying pathologies such as overweight and obesity are the main factors for the development of T2DM. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and also called as a “dual function.”

Aim of study:
This study has demonstrated was elevated in the obese T2DM patients and IL-37 protects from obesity-induced leading to development of T2DM. Fifty-eight patients who visited to the National Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment in the İraq/Baghdad with the age of <40–>60 years were employed in this study. Patient groups were 29 obese T2DM and 29 nonobese T2DM patients, and they when compared with 29 individuals as healthy control groups. In this study, serum IL-37 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
In obese T2DM patients, the mean serum level of IL-37 was elevated and significantly higher (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 5.594 ± 3.421 pg/ml; P < 0.0001) in comparison with nonobese T2DM patients (mean ± SD, 1.851 ± 0.417 pg/ml; P < 0.0001) and healthy control group (mean ± SD, 0.777 ± 0.099 pg/ml).

Conclusions:
In this study, obese T2DM patients had higher serum IL-37 levels but lower serum IL-37 levels in nonobese diabetic patients as compared to the healthy controls. This result led to the supposition that the rise in serum IL-37 level is related with obesity. Further, it suggests that IL-37 being an anti-inflammatory mediator might be responsible for some underline changes, which may develop the progress of T2DM.
Effect of platelet-rich fibrin versus chitosan-based Axiostat hemostatic agent following dental extraction in cardiac patients on antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Rajendra Kamala , Vempalli Swetha , Kadiyala Mithileswer , Sharma Vidushi , Karipineni Swetha , Gunturu Srikanth , Patil Dipak Baliram 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a biomaterial that promotes wound healing. It has a fibrinous matrix wherein platelets, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and various growth factors along with few cells are entrapped while Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic biopolymeric material that is derived from an animal product, chitin. It has demonstrated biological properties which include acceleration in wound healing, hemostasis, enhancement of immunological response, mucosal adhesion by eliciting biological responses, and anti-microbial action.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRF and Axiostat (A chitosan-based product) on hemostasis after tooth extraction among cardiac patients on antiplatelet medication.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was carried out on 300 patients undergoing tooth extraction. Participants were divided into two categories (n = 150, respectively) as Group I (PRF dressing) and Group II (Axiostat dressing). Time to achieve hemostasis was observed using a stopwatch. Average pain score calculation was performed using visual analog on the 7-day postoperative period. Descriptive statistics were done, and data analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. P < 0.5 and < 0.001 were considered statistically significant and extremely significant, respectively.

Results:
Average pain score was 1.86 ± 0.06 in Group I and 1.05 ± 0.87 in Group II. Thus, lower postoperative pain was seen with Axiostat dressing. Hemostasis was achieved in Group II participants in 1.25 ± 0.06 min and in 1.89 ± 0.54 min in Group I. P < 0.01 was obtained, although no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain scores (P = 0.8) was seen.

Conclusion:
Chitosan is a superior wound dressing material in achieving hemostasis in cardiac patients on antiplatelet medication after tooth extraction.
A comparative evaluation of bone regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells versus blood coagulum in sinus augmentation procedures
Authors: Gupta Akash Sanjay , Aurora Jitender Kumar , Dubey K. N. , Chauhan Himanshu , Saxena Mohit , Ganvir Sagar Ramesh 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The present study evaluated the quality and quantity of new bone formation in the maxillary sinus lift procedures and stability of implants in posterior atrophic maxilla.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized controlled split-mouth study included 20 patients (16 males and 4 females having a mean age of 36.7 years) having atrophic maxilla. They were divided randomly into two groups: Group A using mesenchymal stem cells and Group B into blood coagulum. They were radiographically evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for residual bone height preoperatively and availability of new bone formation around implants, density, and stability of implants 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
The placement of dental implants in posterior maxilla is challenging due to rapid resorption of alveolar bone after extraction of teeth due to pneumatization of maxillary sinuses. In both the groups, more pain and swelling were observed in the 2nd postoperative day which gradually decreased over a period of 7 days. Membrane perforation occurs in only four cases (20%). A significant gain in alveolar bone height was observed in Group A (7.69 mm ± 2.5 mm) and Group B (9.32 mm ± 2 mm) after 6 months. On comparing both the groups, there is a similar significant increase in bone density in Hounsfield units postoperatively at various levels buccally and palatally. Total 40 sinuses were lifted and 42 implants were placed, respectively. All implants showed primary stability.

Conclusions:
Such findings provide a significant contribution in future perspective studies that the use of stem cells had the same success rate as blood coagulum.
Antibiotic therapy for the prevention of osteoradionecrosis following tooth extraction in head-and-neck cancer patients postradiotherapy
Authors: Palma Luiz Felipe , Marcucci Marcelo , Remondes Cíntia Maria , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
One of the most important complications of radiotherapy (RT) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) is osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws, which mostly arises from tooth extractions. The ORN treatment still represents a great challenge; therefore, the prevention is of paramount importance. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate retrospectively a perioperative systemic antibiotic therapy protocol for the prevention of ORN following tooth extraction in head-and-neck patients post-3D conformal RT.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective medical record review was performed considering HNC patients submitted to RT in the period between 2008 and 2019. They necessarily received oral antibiotic therapy with Clindamycin 300 mg every 8 h for 10 days, with the first dose 3 days before the tooth extraction.

Results:
Forty-nine patients met the study criteria, with a total of 107 teeth extracted. Regarding the 47 patients who did not develop ORN, 103 tooth extractions were identified (96.3%). Only two patients developed ORN at two adjacent teeth sites (3.7%).

Conclusion:
The proposed perioperative systemic antibiotic therapy protocol seems to be efficient to prevent ORN following tooth extraction in postirradiated HNC patients.
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Authors: Mishra Nitesh , Sharma Naresh Kumar , Dhiman Neeraj Kumar , Jaiswara Chandresh , Tiwari Preeti , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Limitation of mouth opening can be caused by bony or fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as a sequel to trauma, infection, or autoimmune diseases. The incidence of TMJ ankylosis differs significantly in different parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the etiological incidence of TMJ ankylosis at our tertiary-level center, which covers a huge population from parts of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted from July 2016 to April 2019, and a total of 1607 children were screened in the duration of 33 months. Participants were included in this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:
After screening of the 1607 children, 128 TMJ ankylosis cases were identified. Out of the 128 cases of TMJ ankylosis, 33 cases were bilateral and 95 cases were unilateral (48 left sided and 47 right sided). Most of the patients (83.5%) were in the 10–15-year-old age group (mean age was 12.1 ± 2.83 years). There was a female preponderance, and the male-to-female ratio was 7:10. Overall, the most common cause of ankylosis was found to be childhood trauma.

Conclusion:
The major etiologic factor of TMJ ankylosis was found to be birth/childhood trauma. TMJ ankylosis cases were detected in significant numbers in this study. This increased prevalence may be due to the lack of knowledge about this pathological entity among the general population and health-care professionals at primary level, which leads to poor initial management.