bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphics in Urban Design – Possibilities of Hand-Drawn Images and Computer Techniques
Authors: ŠTEFANCOVÁ Lucia , GÖRNER Karol , FURDÍK Daniel , CZAFÍK Michal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the issue of graphic representation in urban design as an artistic and technical field that is symbiotic to the field of architecture. The basic expression instrument of urban design (spatial planning) is the projection of 2D. The ability of an urban designer or urban planner to adequately present a design is, therefore, an element of the creative process that should be acquired during higher education. The aim of the research was to reveal the key parameters influencing the resulting effect of graphic processing of a masterplan drawing and a perspective drawing from a human perspective, as a typical urban expression element. The paper focuses more closely on examining the differences between hand based and computer graphic processing. A set of categories for a masterplan drawing and perspective views has been summarized for the purposes of research, which has been used to evaluate a sample of student works. The key research methods of data evaluation are comparison and correlation analysis. The results of the research summarize the advantages and the disadvantages of the hand based and computer graphic processing and the key graphic mistakes made in urban design students proposals.
Long-Term Effect of Different Particle Size Distributions of Waste Glass Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: OMER Brwa , SAEED Jalal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted into the effect of the particle size distributions (PSDs) and percentages of waste powdered glass as a partial replacement of cement on the long-term mechanical behavior of concrete produced at two different cement levels. For this purpose, two different mixtures of concrete were used as reference mixtures; the first has a relatively low cement content (331 kg/m3), and the second has a relatively high cement content (490 kg/m3). Two different PSDs of glass powder (GP) labeled GP-A and GP-B ((55 µm< GP-A < 135 µm) and (55 µm> GP-B) were used, and the considered GP content for the low cement content mixture (LCCM) and the high cement content mixture (HCCM) were (0%, 5%, and 10%) and (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight of cement, respectively. The mechanical performance of all concrete mixtures at 180 days was investigated and evaluated in related tests as compressive strength and toughness, splitting and flexural tensile strength, elastic modulus, and compressive stress-strain behavior. The experimental results generally indicated that the compressive strength of GP-modified concrete improved significantly over the long-term age (180-days) compared to the early age (28-days). The contribution of PSDs of GP to enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete is insignificant compared to its replacement amount. Finally, independent of the PSDs, the incorporation of 10% GP for LCCM and 15% of GP for HCCM has a positive effect on the long-term mechanical properties of concrete, indicating that GP can be used as a replacement for cement.
Energy Efficiency – Ecological and Economic Profitability
Authors: HAWRYLAK Barbara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to draw attention to both the average annual savings in the costs of consumed fuels and energy, as well as the possibility of obtaining additional funds in the case of implementing projects aimed at improving energy efficiency. On the example of an implemented investment in a cement industry company, the achieved energy savings and obtained economic savings in the form of reduction of fuel and energy costs were analysed. Moreover, it was shown what additional support can be obtained in the form of energy efficiency certificates, the so-called “White certificates”, issued by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office, and the resulting property rights become an exchange commodity and are traded on Towarowa Giełda Energii SA. The purpose of this paper is to estimate how much money will be financed from the certificates.
Impact of Water Mist Extinguisher Construction on Parameters of Generated Drops
Authors: KAŹMIERAK Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper analyses the impact that the construction of water mist extinguishers exerts on the size of generated drops. The test was based on the examination of three extinguishers of two producers, which have been available in the market in recent years.
The test was carried out with the use of the IPS Drop Spectrum Analyzer (DSA). The device operates by using the photoelectric method to measure the parameters of the extinguishing stream microstructure. There were two measuring ranges: 0÷1 414 µm and 0÷2 658 µm.
The test results present mean diameters of the generated drops, aggregated curves representative of their share as well as the analysis of the quality of spraying the extinguishing medium. The tests have shown that two out of three tested extinguishers do not generate water mist with standard parameters at a distance of 170 cm. The smallest mean diameters of drops were generated by extinguisher B, whereas the biggest ones by extinguisher C The highest level of spraying among all samples was found for extinguisher B. It’s Sauter diameter mean amounted to 564.03 µm. Further, it was shown what impact the construction of water mist extinguishers exerts on the size of generated drops.
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERHITUNG PERKALIAN DENGAN METODE JARIMAJIG
Authors: Purwanti Kristi Liani 
Published: January 2021

Pembelajaran matematika adalah proses pemberian pengalaman be- lajar kepada siswa melalui serangkaian kegiatan yang terencana sehingga siswa memperoleh kompetensi tentang bahan matematika yang dipelajari. Salah satu komponen yang menentukan ketercapaian kompetensi adalah penggunaan strategi pembelajaran, yang sesuai dengan (1) topik yang se- dang dibicarakan, (2) tingkat perkembangan intelektual siswa, (3) prin- sip dan teori belajar, (4) keterlibatan aktif siswa, (5) keterkaitan dengan kehidupan siswa sehari-hari, dan (6) pengembangan dan pemahaman pe- nalaran matematis. Otak merupakan bagian sentral dari fungsi dasar vi- tal pada manusia. Otak kanan adalah otak yang berada disebelah kanan dalam posisi anatomis (frontal). Berhitung perkalian dengan otak kanan salah satunya adalah metode jarimagic dimana perantara untuk menghi- tung perkalian menggunakan jari-jari tangan. Kemampuan mengingat, menalar, dan merasakan perbedaan sikap atau perlakuan orang lain juga berkembang dengan pesat. Anak lebih sensitif, cerdas, dan aktif secara fisik mupun psikologis. Belajar matematika dengan otak kanan lebih menarik, sebab yang selalu digunakan selama ini dengan otak kiri saja. Jika ada ke- seimbangan antara otak kanan dan otak kiri pembelajaran menjadi luar biasa.
Climate change and hydrological risk in the Pacific: a Humanitarian Engineering perspective
Authors: Johnson Fiona , Higgins Philippa , Stephens Clare 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPacific Island communities have adapted to floods, droughts and cyclones over many generations. Small and low-lying islands are particularly exposed to natural disasters, and many countries have limited access to water resources. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to further increase these environmental pressures. Any associated engineering response needs to consider the cultural, societal and historical context, and prioritise the agency of local communities to determine their preferred outcomes. It follows that Humanitarian Engineering, a discipline centred around strengths-based and context-appropriate solutions, has an important role to play in climate change adaptation. In this review, the interplay between hydroclimatology, geography and water security in the Pacific Islands is described and projected climate shifts summarised to highlight future adaptation challenges. A key source of uncertainty relates to the dynamics of two convergence zones that largely drive weather patterns. A broad overview of societal factors that present challenges and opportunities for Humanitarian Engineers is given. Finally, actions are recommended to inform climate change adaptation given the scientific uncertainty around hydrologic risks, and outline lessons for best practice Humanitarian Engineering in the Pacific. Enhancing data sharing, building resilience to climate variability and integrating traditional knowledge with convention engineering methods should be key areas of focus.
Spatial and temporal variation of water quality in a watershed in center-west Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Bedim Godoy Rodrigo Felipe , Crisiogiovanni Enzo Luigi , Trevisan Elias , Dias Radomski Fernando Aparecido 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Water quality monitoring is an essential strategy for water resources management. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters play an important role in the characterization of water quality. They are helpful tools for the identification of pollution in aquatic ecosystems, being natural sources or because of anthropogenic actions, and contribute to making decisions as well as sustainable development in a hydrographic basin. This study analyzed the water quality variation over a period of 20 years in Piquiri River watershed. Total phosphorus (TP) concentration from affluent rivers was estimated using a linear regression model. The relationship between total nitrogen and TP presented a Person's linear correlation of 0.80, while turbidity and total suspended solids presented a correlation of 0.79. The relationship between the predicted and observed values for turbidity and TP presented r² higher than 0.60. Spatial–temporal variation of water quality in Piquiri River watershed has shown good quality over the years, although unacceptable values for Escherichia coli, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus levels appeared. Most unacceptable values were identified in affluent rivers, suggesting the improvement in the water quality closer to downstream of the Piquiri River. Water quality index also showed good quality water for all stations.
S. mutans Serotype c, C. albicans, Oral Hygiene, and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth in Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Rahmah Nurul , Bachtiar Boy M. , Gultom Ferry P. , Soejoedono Retno D. , Bachtiar Endang W. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens from dental plaque and their relationship with the Oral Hygiene Index Score (OHI-S) and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC).

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, including 5 ECC and 32 S-ECC subjects. ECC was classified as a DMFT score < 4, and S-ECC was classified as a DMFT score ≥ 4 at 71 months of age. S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens from dental plaque of ECC and S-ECC patients were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The optical density ​​of S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens was determined at 450 nm. Correlations between S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens and OHI-S in ECC and S-ECC were analyzed.

Results:
There were no significant differences in S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens between ECC and S-ECC patients or between patients with moderate and good OHI-S scores. There was a negative correlation between S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens in ECC patients (r = -0,62; p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The increase in C. albicans suppresses S. mutans serotype c growth in ECC but not in S-ECC. The findings of this study could be used to discover the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial-fungal relationships and the contribution of new technologies to reduce ECC.
Top 100 Cited Articles on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Park Bong Soo , Park Jin Han , Park Kang Min , Kim Il Hwan , Ko Junghae , Park Sihyung , Kim Yang Wook 
Published: January 2021

Background:The purpose of this study is to broaden the understanding of peritoneal dialysis by presenting the most-cited articles pertaining to this subject.Methods:We searched articles on the Web of Science and selected 100 articles according to the frequency of citations. Next, we reviewed the contents of the articles and identified the characteristics of these articles.Results:There are 21 journals in which the top-100 cited articles were published. The names of the journals, in the order in which the articles are cited, are as follows: Kidney International (25 articles), Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (13 articles), and Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (12 articles). The top 100-cited articles were published in 15 countries. The country with the greatest number of publications was the United States of America (19 articles). The institution with the greatest number of articles (7 articles) was the University Health Network of Toronto. The author who wrote the most number of articles (5 articles) was Davies SJ.Conclusion:This study is the first in the field of nephrology to provide a list of the top-100 cited articles dedicated to peritoneal dialysis. Through this study, the research trends and major academic interests pertaining to peritoneal dialysis would be identified.
Determinants of Risky Sexual Behavioral Practices among Teen-girls in Malawi
Authors: Machira Kennedy , Maonga Beston , Chirwa Tobias 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In Malawi, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in sexual intercourse without using condoms remain a sexual and reproductive health challenge among women. This has consequently increased morbidity and low productivity among women, especially in young women of the country. This paper examined the determinants of risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women in Malawi.

Methods:
The study used 2015-16 Malawi Demographic Health Survey with a weighted sample of 5263 women under 20 years. Both Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to estimate factors influencing risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women.

Results:
The study found the existence of differential determinants to influence women’s conduct in having both multiple sexual partners and inability to use condom during subsequent sexual intercourses with partners other than spouses. For instance, education (complete primary, IRR=2.755, p<0.001 and complete secondary education, IRR=3.515, p< 0.001); teen motherhood status (IRR = 0.295, p< 0.001), unavailability of the health care services (IRR=1.043, p<0.05) among others positively determined having multiple sexual partners in Malawi among teen women. On the contrary, wealth status (medium, IRR=1.116, p<0.001; rich, IRR=1.194, p<0.001) reduced teen women’s behavior of not using a condom with partners other than spouses during sexual intercourse.

Conclusion:
The study asserts that in Malawi, there is an urgent need for advocacy programmes aimed at reducing sexual and reproductive health challenges among girls at primary school levels and upwards. Equipping the girls, at a community level, with basic knowledge and understanding about the dangers of practicing risky sexual behavior is fundamental for the enhancement of their socio-economic support.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Bufallo Prion Protein Structured Region at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jiapu 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies of Buffalo Prion Protein (BufPrPC) (J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34(4): 762-77) showed that the structure of this protein is very stable at room temperature (whether under neutral pH or low pH environments).

Methods:
In order to understand the reason why buffalo is resistant to prion diseases and why BufPrPC is so stable at room temperature, this paper will prolong our MD running time at room temperature and extend our research to higher temperatures to study this BufPrPC structure furthermore.

Results:
From the salt bridge point of view, we found an important reason why BufPrPC is so stable at room temperature; this might be a nice clue of drug discovery or drug design for the treatment of prion diseases.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this brief article talks about the MD results of BufPrP at different temperatures and presents a clue to seek the reasons for the conversion from normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to diseased infectious prions (PrPSc). This should be very useful for the goals of medicinal chemistry in prion diseases research fields.
Assessing the International Transferability of a Machine Learning Model for Detecting Medication Error in the General Internal Medicine Clinic: Multicenter Preliminary Validation Study
Authors: Chin Yen Po Harvey , Song Wenyu , Lien Chia En , Yoon Chang Ho , Wang Wei-Chen , Liu Jennifer , Nguyen Phung Anh , Feng Yi Ting , Zhou Li , Li Yu Chuan Jack , Bates David Westfall 
Published: January 2021

Background
Although most current medication error prevention systems are rule-based, these systems may result in alert fatigue because of poor accuracy. Previously, we had developed a machine learning (ML) model based on Taiwan’s local databases (TLD) to address this issue. However, the international transferability of this model is unclear.

Objective
This study examines the international transferability of a machine learning model for detecting medication errors and whether the federated learning approach could further improve the accuracy of the model.

Methods
The study cohort included 667,572 outpatient prescriptions from 2 large US academic medical centers. Our ML model was applied to build the original model (O model), the local model (L model), and the hybrid model (H model). The O model was built using the data of 1.34 billion outpatient prescriptions from TLD. A validation set with 8.98% (60,000/667,572) of the prescriptions was first randomly sampled, and the remaining 91.02% (607,572/667,572) of the prescriptions served as the local training set for the L model. With a federated learning approach, the H model used the association values with a higher frequency of co-occurrence among the O and L models. A testing set with 600 prescriptions was classified as substantiated and unsubstantiated by 2 independent physician reviewers and was then used to assess model performance.

Results
The interrater agreement was significant in terms of classifying prescriptions as substantiated and unsubstantiated (κ=0.91; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95). With thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, the alert accuracy ranged from 75%-78% for the O model, 76%-78% for the L model, and 79%-85% for the H model.

Conclusions
Our ML model has good international transferability among US hospital data. Using the federated learning approach with local hospital data could further improve the accuracy of the model.
Digital Pathology During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Survey Study
Authors: Giaretto Simone , Renne Salvatore Lorenzo , Rahal Daoud , Bossi Paola , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Spaggiari Paola , Manara Sofia , Sollai Mauro , Fiamengo Barbara , Brambilla Tatiana , Fernandes Bethania , Rao Stefania , Elamin Abubaker , Valeri Marina , De Carlo Camilla , Belsito Vincenzo , Lancellotti Cesare , Cieri Miriam , Cagini Angelo , Terracciano Luigi , Roncalli Massimo , Di Tommaso Luca 
Published: January 2021

Background
Transition to digital pathology usually takes months or years to be completed. We were familiarizing ourselves with digital pathology solutions at the time when the COVID-19 outbreak forced us to embark on an abrupt transition to digital pathology.

Objective
The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe how the abrupt transition to digital pathology might affect the quality of diagnoses, model possible causes by probabilistic modeling, and qualitatively gauge the perception of this abrupt transition.

Methods
A total of 17 pathologists and residents participated in this study; these participants reviewed 25 additional test cases from the archives and completed a final psychologic survey. For each case, participants performed several different diagnostic tasks, and their results were recorded and compared with the original diagnoses performed using the gold standard method (ie, conventional microscopy). We performed Bayesian data analysis with probabilistic modeling.

Results
The overall analysis, comprising 1345 different items, resulted in a 9% (117/1345) error rate in using digital slides. The task of differentiating a neoplastic process from a nonneoplastic one accounted for an error rate of 10.7% (42/392), whereas the distinction of a malignant process from a benign one accounted for an error rate of 4.2% (11/258). Apart from residents, senior pathologists generated most discrepancies (7.9%, 13/164). Our model showed that these differences among career levels persisted even after adjusting for other factors.

Conclusions
Our findings are in line with previous findings, emphasizing that the duration of transition (ie, lengthy or abrupt) might not influence the diagnostic performance. Moreover, our findings highlight that senior pathologists may be limited by a digital gap, which may negatively affect their performance with digital pathology. These results can guide the process of digital transition in the field of pathology.
Pengaruh Bunting dan Laktasi Terhadap Hematologi dan Mineral Kambing Peranakan Ettawa di Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sarmin Sarmin Sarmin 
Published: January 2021

The effects of pregnancy and lactation on hematochemical and mineral parameters were evaluated in Ettawa cross-bred goats in Disctrict Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood plasma samples were collected from 14 th pregnant goats (2 month n=4; 3 month n=6; 4 month n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n= 4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3 and 4 month, n=4). Blood serum samples were collected from 18 pregnanct goats (1 month, n=3; 2 month, n=2; 3 month, n=6; 4 month, n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n=4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3; 4 month, n=4). The does averaged 2.5-4 years old and their mean body weights were 30-40 kg. The current result showed that pregnant does recorded higher (p<0.05) values of RBCs and hematocrites compared to lactating does. The higher RBCs during the first and third month of pregnantion and the higher hematocrites values during the first of pregnantion. There were not significant differences in MCV, MCH, MCHC, neutrophyls, limphocytes, monocytes, WBCs, eosinophyls, and minerals Mg2+, in organic , Na+, K+ and Cl-during pregnantion and lactation. The results indicated that pregnantion and lactation has significant effect on RBCs and hematocrites of Ettawa crossbred goats in district Disctrict Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia