bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 51: Breast Biopsy Report Abstraction Process From A Community And Hospital Based Screening And Treatment Programme In A Lmic (Kenya) Between January 2017 – December 2019
Authors: Maina Stephen Karuru , Achieng Emmah , Elias Hussein , Kibor Kibet , Asirwa Chite 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: There is no standardized way of reporting the pathological lab results therefore there is inadequate reporting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries like Kenya. Proper documentation of the lab results is key in providing appropriate care to breast cancer patients, policymaking, designing, implementing, and evaluating cancer control activities. There is need to standardize reporting of the pathological breast cancer lab results.
Methods: The biopsy results for all the Africa Breast and Cervical Cancer Program (ABCCP) in Kenya patients seen between the year 2017 to 2019 were received, photocopied, and filed in box files. Biopsy reporting was done by various pathologists within the country. To standardize the reporting, a data abstraction questionnaire was developed from Protocol for the Examination of Resection Specimens From Patients With Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast (7th Edition, 2012) adapted from the American College of Pathologists programmed into an Open Data Kit. Raw abstracted data was verified against corresponding images to identify misclassifications by the consultant. Sensitivity and specificity for correct classification by the clinical and non-clinical research assistants was calculated and evaluated.
Results: A total of 1490 records were abstracted in 3 weeks, out of which 529 records were breast biopsy results. On average, the research assistants abstracted 83 (42 - 195) records. The research assistants were able to correctly classify 284 cases as malignant and 202 cases as benign with a Sensitivity of 92% and Specificity of 92%. Upon review of the data by the consultant, the total misclassified records were 18 benign classified as malignant and 25 malignant cases classified as benign. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.1125) in the classifications between the clinical and non-clinical abstraction staff.
Conclusion: There was high sensitivity and specificity on correctly classifying the biopsy results for both well trained clinical and non-clinical staff.
Citation Format: Stephen Karuru Maina, Emmah Achieng, Hussein Elias, Kibet Kibor, Chite Asirwa. Breast Biopsy Report Abstraction Process From A Community And Hospital Based Screening And Treatment Programme In A Lmic (Kenya) Between January 2017 – December 2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 51.
Abstract 58: Serum Based Exosomal miRNAs as in Novel Biomarkers for the Initial Prediction of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Patel Nishant , Zhang Haijun , Ren Lili 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Currently focuses on the identification of early-stage lung cancer (ESLC) is the core of the prevention and treatment of lung cancer, which is desperately needed throughout the world to improve lung cancer survival. Our study has primarily aimed at exosome-derived miRNAs in the detection of ESLC and discrimination between Benign lung nodules(BLN) and Healthy individuals. We aim to determine sensitive and specific liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in tackling ESLC.
Methods: Discovering the non-invasive serum exosomal based miRNAs (sEXO-miRNAs) biomarkers through next-generation sequencing (NGS)in 9 participants (ESLC-3, BLN-3 and Healthy-3) and validated by 143 (ESLC-46, BLN-46 and Healthy-51) recruiters via RT-PCR in a cohort of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to the medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Results: By doing NGS, we have discovered 769 differently expressed miRNAs mutual between the three groups. Amid those miRNAs, we have selected the topmost highly up-or down-regulated significant sEXO-miRNAs as biomarkers following certain threshold and statistical criteria, which were sEXO-miR-424-5p, sEXO-miR-512-5p, and sEXo-miR-1271-5p for subsequent validation in 3 groups of a single-center cohort. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) of 3 individual miRNAs in between three groups ranged from 0.633 to 0.995 (95%CI: 0.515~1.000 ranged, p&lt;0.0274~p&lt;0.0001) in the validation cohort. Overall in the ESLC vs BLN group, the combination of the three sEXO-miRNAs'AUC was 0.824 (95%CI: 0.738~0.909, p&lt;0.0001) whereas sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 77.08%, 79.55%, 80.43%, 76.09% and 78.26% respectively by logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion: Our study discovered significant three differentials expressed sEXO-miRNAs (hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-512-5p, and hsa-miR-1271-5p), and validated throughout in between ESLC, BLN and healthy individuals. These sEXO-miRNAs provided substantial diagnostic efficacy towards predicting ESLC and accurately discriminate with BLN and healthy recruiters. Therefore, our novel sEXO-miRNAs as biomarkers for prior detection ESLC is quite promising in clinical practice and can be used for precision-based diagnosing purposes.
Citation Format: Nishant Patel, Haijun Zhang, Lili Ren. Serum Based Exosomal miRNAs as in Novel Biomarkers for the Initial Prediction of Early-Stage Lung Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 58.
Abstract 59: Examining a Culturally Relevant Intervention to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening in Egypt
Authors: Bateman Lori Brand , Nawwar Ahmed , Khamess Somaia , Fouad Mona N. , Arafat Waleed , Abdelmoneim Salah-Eldin , Bae Sejong , Falkner Katie , Rogers Laura Q. , Scarinci Isabel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates continue to climb in Egypt and other low- and middle-income countries, where few screening intervention programs exist. In Egypt, CRC screening is not a routine part of preventive care and most CRC diagnoses happen with advanced disease and poor prognosis. This pilot study aims to develop, implement, and examine the feasibility of a culturally relevant intervention to promote CRC screening among healthy adults in Alexandria, Egypt.
Methods: This feasibility study was conducted in two clinics in Alexandria, Egypt in December 2019-March 2020. Participants were individuals age 50 and above who were visiting the clinics. Medical students were trained to recruit patients, increase awareness on the importance of CRC screening, and provide a voucher and instructions for returning a guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) kit. Students followed up with phone call reminders to return the kit, report results, and encourage participants with abnormal results to receive further no-cost testing. Our outcome measure was the number of total participants returning the gFOBT kit. We hypothesized that 20% of patients who received the intervention would return the kits, assuming a null screening rate of 2% and target screening rate after the intervention of 20%. A sample size of 120 would achieve 99% power to detect a difference of 18% at a 1% significance level.
Results: Of the 117 patients who were recruited, 44 patients (37.6%) returned a kit, with 95% exact confidence interval of (28.8, 47.0). Of the 44 patients who returned a kit, five (11.4%) had a positive FOBT test, with 95% exact confidence interval of (3.8, 24.6). Of these five patients, three (60%) followed up with colonoscopy.
Conclusion: This feasibility study provides promising findings to lay the foundation for a larger pragmatic trial that would address barriers to CRC screening in Egypt
Citation Format: Lori Brand Bateman, Ahmed Nawwar, Somaia Khamess, Mona N. Fouad, Waleed Arafat, Salah-Eldin Abdelmoneim, Sejong Bae, Katie Falkner, Laura Q. Rogers, Isabel Scarinci. Examining a Culturally Relevant Intervention to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening in Egypt [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 59.
Abstract 60: Cancer Navigator: A Video-Based Support and Education Tool for Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers
Authors: Pedraza-Flechas Ana , Taylor Carolyn , Barrera-Suárez Erika , Perez Luis , Soto Jesica , Arias Alejandra , Patiño Andres , Perales Vera , Pinzón-Rondon Ángela , Ruíz-Sternberg Ángela , Cabanes Anna , Le Phuongthao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the informational needs of cancer patients and caregivers among a diverse population in Colombia to inform the development of Cancer Navigator, a video-based tool to help cancer patients and their families understand and navigate their treatment.
Methods: Seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with n=47 participants and n=80 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted to understand the needs of cancer patients and caregivers regarding their cancer diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation in the Colombian healthcare system. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis, and informed the development of a series of 18 short infographic and personal narrative videos covering different cancer topics, delivered by local clinicians and survivors; along with a resource guide of local services for food, housing and transportation. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate pre-post depression and anxiety among 22 caregivers and 18 cancer patients at Hospital Méderi (Bogotá, Colombia).
Results: Themes/topics identified from the interviews included: treatment effects; cancer etiology; nutrition, physical activity recommendations; psychological/spiritual/emotional support; alternative therapies; warning signs; self-learning cancer tools and administrative procedures. The pilot study showed a mild decrease in anxiety and distress immediately after viewing three videos. The proportion of patients with anxiety levels above normal (&gt;7 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) changed from 27% to 15% after viewing (p=0.17), and distress (score &gt;5 on the distress thermometer) decreased from 35% to 22% (p=0.22).
Conclusion: The Cancer Navigator video-based educational/support tool shows promise for reducing anxiety and distress among cancer patients and caregivers in Colombia. Next steps will be to test the feasibility and acceptability of the videos among patients, caregivers and healthcare providers at three additional oncology hospitals in Bogotá in 2021.
Citation Format: Ana Pedraza-Flechas, Carolyn Taylor, Erika Barrera-Suárez, Luis Perez, Jesica Soto, Alejandra Arias, Andres Patiño, Vera Perales, Ángela Pinzón-Rondon, Ángela Ruíz-Sternberg, Anna Cabanes, Phuongthao Le. Cancer Navigator: A Video-Based Support and Education Tool for Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 60.
Abstract 65: Early Assessment of the Pandemic Effects on Cancer Screening Services: The International Cancer Screening Network COVID-19 Survey
Authors: Puricelli Perin Douglas M. , Elfström K. Miriam , Broeders Mireille J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Screening, when effectively implemented, can decrease the burden of breast, cervical, colorectal and lung cancers. As COVID-19 became a pandemic in March 2020, cancer screening practitioners globally reported the suspension of cancer screening and diagnostic as part of the emergency response. The International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) implemented a survey to capture the details and consequences of decisions to suspend cancer screening services and understand the global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening.
Methods: A 33-question survey was sent out to 882 email addresses to gather general information about the settings and assess the decision-making process that led to cancer screening suspension (or not). Furthermore, information regarding communication with stakeholders and impact on resources and patient follow-up was collected. Quantitative data have been analyzed as general frequencies overall and by setting, while a comment section under each survey item captured more nuanced information.
Results: Responses from the 98 participants that completed the full survey (12%) were categorized into 66 individual settings representing 35 countries. Most settings are organized screening programs (82%, n=54), and suspended cancer screening services (91%, n=60) around March 2020 (68%, n=45), guided by a government decision (77%, n=51). Few settings made their decision about whether to suspend services following a preparedness plan (26%, n=17). Professionals were reassigned (62%, n=41) and infrastructure repurposed (53%, n=35) in most places, and 39% (n=26) saw most follow up visits delayed.
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has had important effects on cancer screening services worldwide, including the suspension of cancer screening in most settings. Most cancer screening services were not prepared to deal with the scale of the pandemic but have shown great flexibility in supporting the response. This survey will inform the next steps for assessing the longer-term impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening.
Funding statement: Funded by the NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E75N910D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00129 (D.M.P.P.).
Citation Format: Douglas M. Puricelli Perin, K. Miriam Elfström, Mireille J. M. Broeders. Early Assessment of the Pandemic Effects on Cancer Screening Services: The International Cancer Screening Network COVID-19 Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 65.
Abstract 73: Targeting B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Bruno Tullia , Liu Dongyan , Kunning Sheryl , Bao Riyue , Stabile Laura , Somasundaram Ashwin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment options for multiple solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these approaches are only effective in 20-30% of NSCLC patients, thus a more comprehensive picture of the immune response in NSCLC is necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches. Current immunotherapies do not consider or target B cells or tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) despite their predominance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and key role in the adaptive immune response. We hypothesize that B cells help generate potent, long-term, immune responses against lung tumor cells by educating T cells within TLS and producing tumor-specific antibodies.
Methods: Toward our hypothesis, we have evaluated B cells and TLS in healthy donor lungs (smoker and nonsmoker), COPD patients, and NSCLC patients via single cell RNA sequencing, spectral cytometry (Cytek Aurora) and multispectral imaging (Vectra Polaris and Nanostring GeoMx DSP). These cellular and spatial analyses have revealed key differences in B cell infiltration and TLS formation as lung cancer develops.
Results: We have observed an increase in mature TLS (with active germinal centers) as patients develop cancer and have identified key genes that govern TLS heterogeneity in the TME. Further, in evaluating the ex vivo function of B cells from patient tumors via antigen presentation and antibody production assays, we have observed differential function of B cells that correlates with B cell activation (increased HLADR, CD40, CD69).
Conclusions: Our studies will provide (a) biomarkers to predict lung cancer progression, (b) targets for early immunotherapeutic intervention in COPD patients that might trigger better anti-tumor immunity as patients develop lung cancer, and (c) immunotherapeutic targets in patients with already established NSCLC.
Citation Format: Tullia Bruno, Dongyan Liu, Sheryl Kunning, Riyue Bao, Laura Stabile, Ashwin Somasundaram. Targeting B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Lung Cancer Progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 73.
Abstract 79: Directly Observed Care: Establishing an Enhanced Patient Navigation Program within a New Public Oncology Treatment Program in Belize
Authors: Valtis Yannis , Garrity Philip , Yacab Ramon , Bernard Margaret , Kelly Lorna , Arnold Shanikka , Lattin Jake , Sherry Cirkine , Huang Franklin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer patients in low-and-middle-income countries face unique economic and structural barriers to accessing and completing cancer treatment. While research has shown the efficacy of patient navigators to improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients, few patient navigation programs for cancer patients exist in resource-limited settings. In 2018, Belize launched its first-ever public oncology treatment program in collaboration with Global Oncology. We hypothesized that it would be feasible to create an enhanced patient navigation program, named “Directly Observed Care (DOC)."
Methods: Two Belizean medical assistants were recruited and trained in patient navigation and education, A training handbook was created collaboratively with Belizean health professionals and utilized materials from U.S.-based patient navigation programs.
Results: Between August and October 2020, 135 cancer patients were seen in the newly formed oncology clinic for a total of 330 patient visits at Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital. Average patient age was 56 and the most common diagnoses were breast cancer (34% of patients), cervical cancer (12%) and prostate cancer (7%). The DOC officers engaged with patients in 70% of all clinical visits (66% of follow-up visits). Patients who were actively in treatment at the time of the visit had the highest rates of DOC officer engagement (84%), while those completing their diagnostic workup and those in palliative care had lower engagement rates (48% and 53% respectively). DOC officers noted 233 follow-up tasks at time of engagement with patients and had completed 70% of them at time of analysis.
Conclusion: Despite limited resources, an enhanced patient navigation program for cancer patients within a country's first public oncology treatment program is feasible. DOC officers, serving as patient navigators and patient educators, were able to engage with the majority of patients. In the future, we aim to evaluate the impact of the program on the patient's ability to complete treatment.
Citation Format: Yannis Valtis, Philip Garrity, Ramon Yacab, Margaret Bernard, Lorna Kelly, Shanikka Arnold, Jake Lattin, Cirkine Sherry, Franklin Huang. Directly Observed Care: Establishing an Enhanced Patient Navigation Program within a New Public Oncology Treatment Program in Belize [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 79.
Abstract 8: Risk Factors and Management of Venous Thromboembolism amongst Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment at a Referral Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Orangi Gavin , Ndemo  , Menge Tom 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose Cancer has been associated as a risk factor for hyper-coagulation. The purpose of this study was to establish the predictors of risk factors and management of venous thromboembolism amongst patients undergoing breast cancer treatment at Kenyatta National Hospital -Kenya.
Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. 377 patient's files were sampled by using simple random sampling. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done and the risk of developing a VTE was assessed using the Khorana risk assessment tool. Inferential statistics were used to determine the strength of association between the predictor and outcome variables.
Results 10 (2.65%) of the patients were found to have VTE. Age was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism (p= &lt;0.001). (AOR=0.47; CI=0.24-0.94; p=0.032). Surgery done in the last one year was also found to be a predictor of the risk of having a venous thromboembolic event. (AOR= 0.68; CI=0.48-0.98; p=0.04). The duration it took between initiation of chemotherapy from first diagnosis and number of chemotherapy cycles were found to be significant predictors of risk of developing a venous thromboembolic event at (p=0.012) and (p=&lt;0.001) respectively. (AOR= 1.64; CI=1.1-2.44; p= 0.015). Additionally, there was a statistically significant association between the use of radiotherapy and the risk of developing a venous thromboembolism (p=&lt;0.001). (AOR=0.09; CI=0.03-0.24; p=0.001). Warfarin and LMWH were commonly used for the management of VTE.
Conclusion Predictors for the risk of the development of venous thromboembolism were identified in the study All these risk factors need early detection for prompt management. Therefore, use of VTE risk models should be further explored and used to educate high risk patients about the warning signs and symptoms of VTE.
Citation Format: Gavin Orangi, Ndemo, Tom Menge. Risk Factors and Management of Venous Thromboembolism amongst Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment at a Referral Hospital in Kenya [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 8.