bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Contentious Politics
Authors: De Angelis Enrico , Badran Yazan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter aims to re-examine the complex relationship between social media and contentious politics following the 2011 uprisings in Egypt and Syria. The chapter explores the contingent, differentiated, and contradictory roles that social media played in each of these cases. The authors combine critical theoretical approaches to the internet and situated ethnographic accounts to make sense of this issue along the different phases of mobilization and its aftermath. They argue that the alternative hierarchies of power and visibility engendered by digital activism and facilitated by social media are an essential vehicle when it comes to establishing an effective connection between the street and the networked public sphere in the mobilization phase. In the post-mobilization phase, however, the logics of social media begin to hinder the ability of social movements to coalesce and transform the energy of the street into political decisions or leverage. Finally, they also argue that in the aftermath of mobilization, these alternative online hierarchies of power and visibility tend to quickly lose their legitimizing function, which rested upon their, now severed, connection with the street.
Translations: Adorno and Dahlhaus
Authors: Patteson Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article provides an introduction to the English translations of texts on timbre and orchestration by German scholars Theodor W. Adorno and Carl Dahlhaus. The Adorno text, “The Function of Timbre in Music,” is based on a series of lectures he gave at the Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music in 1966, while Dahlhaus’ essay “On the Theory of Instrumentation” was originally published in the journal Die Musikforschung in 1985. This introduction gives an overview into the differing approaches of the two authors to the problem of musical timbre and briefly considers the challenges presented in the translation of German words such as Klang, Farbe, and Klangfarbe.
The Expressive Culture of Sound Communication among Humans and Other Beings
Authors: Titon Jeff Todd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter is divided into four parts, addressed in turn to four questions: (1) How might phenomenological methods inform field research and ethnographic studies of people making music? (2) How do concepts from phenomenology, especially direct social perception, direct perception empathy, and embodiment, inform research on the expressive culture of same-species beings, both human and nonhuman, communicating with each other by means of sound? (3) How might phenomenology contribute to our understanding of cross-species sonic communication? (4) What might be gained (and lost) when ethnomusicologists reorient their research from the study of people making music to eco-ethnomusicology, the study of beings making sound?
Human Resource Management in the Nordic Context
Authors: Bévort Frans , Einarsdottir Arney 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, stand out as comparably affluent, competitive, low-inequality, and highly regulated welfare societies. This is not least the case in the unique way labor markets are regulated in highly collaborative arrangements in which employers, employees, and the state historically have found balances of power and interests. The chapter discusses how this specific institutional context affects the evolution of human resource management (HRM) practices. Arguably, many HRM areas are affected directly by this context: for example, questions of employment, education, and healthcare are often solved at a societal level rather than at the organizational HRM level. First, the Nordic social model and HRM ideology are reviewed. Then, the limits of the claim that the Nordic countries form a cluster with very similar attributes in relation to HRM is discussed by examining some of the characteristics and differences for each country. Furthermore, data from the International Cranet survey are used to compare and highlight commonalities and differences characterizing HRM practices in the Nordic countries. Nordic HRM operates on the back of an existing collaborative labor market and a social model where deep-rooted egalitarian values and harmony of interests thrive. The chapter shows how this context affects the status of HRM and HRM practices in the five Nordic countries.
Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in the Latin American Context
Authors: Amorim Wilson Aparecido Costa de , Carvalho Neto Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With a particular focus on the Mercosur bloc, this chapter examines key features of human resource management (HRM) and industrial relations systems (IRS) in Latin America. Several key themes are explicated in the chapter. The first theme is whether the dissemination of HRM practices in an institutional setting that emphasizes the hierarchical and market characteristics of IRS will also produce some kind of convergence in these practices. The second theme is to what extent the rather different national institutional environments generate similar or different HRM practices. The third theme, relatedly, is whether evidence exists of mimetic influences in the spread of HRM practices. The framework discussed in the chapter could serve as a useful theoretical point of departure for identifying both national and regional contextual influences on HRM and IRS. It may ignite interest in comparative analyses in the Latin American context. Accounts of HRM in the Latin American context, along with comparative analyses of IRS of specific countries in the region, are significantly underrepresented in the literature. Furthering national comparative research on HRM practices of organizations in the Mercosur region could open up new lines of inquiry, in particular, on the likelihood of convergence or divergence.
Human Resource Management in a Public-Sector Context
Authors: Leisink Peter , Borst Rick T. , Knies Eva , Battista Valentina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human resource management (HRM) scholars studying HRM in a public-sector context hold that the public-sector context is distinctive despite decades of reforms oriented on private-sector management principles. Distinctive characteristics include (1) the multiple goals that public organizations serve, making vertical alignment of HRM difficult; (2) the constraints on managerial autonomy resulting from red tape and trade union involvement; and (3) employees’ public service motivation, which is antithetical to performance management. However, there is a lack of evidence on public- versus private-sector differences in the human resource practices that are actually applied. Using Cranet 2014/15 survey, this chapter examines whether public-sector institutional characteristics affect the application of human resource practices as theoretically expected. The results show that, compared to the late 1990s, HRM in public organizations continues to differ in some respects from HRM in private-sector organizations, but not in other respects. The traditional belief that public-sector HRM is not outright aimed at efficiency and effectiveness still holds. The public service ethic and the resilience of collectivized industrial relations likely contribute to this. However, the traditional public-sector HRM orientation on employee well-being is less distinctive, which will likely affect the position of public organizations in the labor market.
Human Resource Management in the Family Business Context
Authors: Stavrou Eleni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Family businesses seem to have unique characteristics that make them different from nonfamily firms and, even though this phenomenon is understudied, they seem to differ substantially from nonfamily firms in the ways they handle human resource management (HRM). This chapter focuses on three key theoretical perspectives, namely, the resource-based view of the firm, institutional perspectives, and stakeholder analyses, to advance understanding of HRM in family-owned organizations. First, looking at the direct relationships between strategic HRM and distal competitive outcomes, the family business context seems to fall short compared to the non–family business context. However, when adding moderators, some relationships change, raising questions as to the appropriateness of extant theorizations of competitive advantage across organizational institutional settings. Second, family businesses seem to pay special attention to certain stakeholders when compared to their nonfamily counterparts, creating the need to explicate the reasons behind such emphasis. Third, family businesses seem to be affected by certain institutional constraints and enablers, necessitating their study in greater depth and the reasons behind their effects. Given these results, this chapter proposes a line of research devoted to the study of HRM in family business in its institutional context, also looking at the antecedents and the effects of such practices.
Human Resource Development
Authors: Heraty Noreen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of global human resource development (HRD) and highlights some of the key contextual challenges driving increased emphasis on HRD investment. It adopts a multilevel and embedded stakeholder approach to consider explanations of HRD from a variety of perspectives. Definitional aspects of learning and development at the organizational level are first introduced, followed by a deeper consideration of who the different HRD stakeholders might be at each level and what their priorities might include. Trends in the macro context for HRD are then discussed before a review of the organizational-level context of HRD is presented. Drawing on data from successive rounds of the Cranet survey (2004/5, 2009/10, and 2014/15), HRD investment across the countries surveyed is presented, followed by a discussion on needs identification, targeted investment, and common evaluation strategies employed. Throughout, it is emphasized that the significance of HRD extends beyond any individual level of analysis and, increasingly, issues concerned with developing individual knowledge and skills are of global significance as organizations and nations strive to develop their competitive human capital base.
Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets
Authors: Horwitz Frank M. , Cooke Fang Lee , Kamoche Ken N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Originally coined as a term for a grouping of developing countries which that were neither mature market economies nor “Third World” and with earlier linked terminologies, emerging markets reflect an evolving and diverse literature with a series of opportunities, encompassing the purely theoretical through to the methodological and the analytical. This chapter provides an overview examination of such theoretical approaches, indicating where there might be similarities, differences, or advantages to deploying multiple approaches to better understand the complexity and diversity of human resource management in these contexts. Examples of research using these approaches are given. The theoretical approaches include institutional theory, cross-cultural perspectives, emerging market multinational companies internationalization perspectives, the Afro-Asian nexus, resource and social capital perspectives, the postcolonial approach, and an examination of hybrid models. The latter may include similarities, convergence, and the interplay between one or more of these approaches.
Ballet at the Margins
Authors: Faulkner Molly , Gleich Julia K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the careers of Karole Armitage and Bronislava Nijinska, two groundbreaking, twentieth-century choreographers who identify with ballet and yet consistently defy categorization. Born in different centuries, they share commonalities of marginalization both in how they are perceived as dance artists and in their ability to push the art form of ballet into the margins. Their works and ideologies are visionary, cross-discipline efforts that thrive on the immediacy of their respective times, creating new philosophical spaces and contexts. From Nijinska’s Les Noces to Armitage’s Drastic Classicism, their innovative, sometimes radical choreography and movement philosophies embrace a creative process rich in liminoidal uncertainty. This very “unclassifiableness” marks their work as contemporary ballet.
Royal Ballet Flanders Under Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui
Authors: Uytterhoeven Lise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter evaluates Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui’s new tenure, since 2015, as artistic director of Royal Ballet Flanders within the company’s institutional history in context. Analysis of Cherkaoui’s dramaturgical approach to the programming of the ballet company’s seasons demonstrates that his artistic vision centers on the renewal of ballet as an art form. He explores the synergies between the classical, the modern, and the contemporary through a wide-ranging juxtaposition of choreographic material. Cherkaoui’s programming is strongly networked, enabling him to acquire key repertoire and new commissions for the company that are responsive to current debates about the state of the art form. The seasons are also shaped by a macro dramaturgy through which dance performance executes its function in society, as their juxtaposition of different ideas, voices, and perspectives invites audiences to critically reflect on cultural and political issues in the world at large.
The Disappearance of Poetry and the Very, Very Good Idea
Authors: Vass Freya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Critics in the early 1990s noted a diminishing of ballet’s aesthetics in a number of choreographer William Forsythe’s works. This chapter approaches the apparent disappearance of the poetic by comparing three terms used to describe energetic qualities of performance. Tracking from the “attack” associated with bravura or impassioned performance to neoclassicism’s insouciant “sprezzatura” and finally to contemporary and queer aesthetics of “fierceness,” it shows how contemporary ballet has come to reveal not only the energy and effort regulated or hidden in earlier styles but also the intense embodied experience of balletic practice. It then turns to Forsythe’s later choreographic and staging methods to describe how the ensemble’s continuing exploration of balletic principles shifted focus from the form’s external visual manifestation to the heightened perceptual attention and deep corporeal sensing inherent in the experience of dancing. In the process, Forsythe’s later choreographic research acknowledges and ratifies the skill, power, pleasure, and joy that balletic practice makes possible and that contemporary ballet more overtly displays.
Akram Khan and English National Ballet
Authors: Watts Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the development of Akram Khan’s choreographic pathway as an aggregate of diverse influences, primarily experienced through issues of identity, otherness, and interculturalism. Beginning with the early confusion of juxtaposing classical dance training in kathak and a fascination with Michael Jackson, Khan’s career has progressed, largely through an instinctive opportunism—absorbed from the “formless hunch” philosophy of early mentor, Peter Brook—and an ongoing fascination with the exploratory possibilities of collaboration through the hybrid mixing of dance disciplines to create his own style of mood movement. This process has taken Khan from the classical world of kathak, through contemporary dance, and back into another classical discipline, ballet, with detours along the way into flamenco, the Olympics, and text-based physical theater. The chapter describes the impact of all these experiences on Khan’s contribution to modern ballet, particularly in his association with English National Ballet.
Huff! Puff! And Blow the House Down
Authors: Samuel Gerard M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paradigmatic lens for contemporary ballet in South Africa hereafter traces the foray by some black choreographers into a reimagining of ballet’s form and choreographic approach. This chapter highlights some of the key historical moments and figures who have shaped ballet in South Africa and comments on the impact of the colonial and apartheid era. The epistemological import of a few stalwarts in ballet who have served its development are singled out and discussed. While Marina Grut and others provide a comprehensive testament to “white ballet,” few scholarly accounts of defiant “black dance in South Africa” are readily available. The contemporary conditions of black ballet dancers’ lives, many born in townships and jettisoned onto world stages, are laid bare. The chapter ends with a brief unpacking of works by Mthuthuzeli November and Dada Masilo, suggesting how these choreographers are changing the ballet brand.
The Cuban Diaspora
Authors: Tomé Lester 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since the 1990s, many dancers from Cuba have found work in North American and Western European ballet ensembles. This chapter describes how their international dance careers reflect high-skilled labor migration in the global economy, as well as the decentralizing expansion of ballet’s labor market. Migrant Cuban dancers cite a depressed local economy and the artistic stagnation of the Ballet Nacional de Cuba as fundamental reasons for looking for work in international ensembles. Their exodus is also political—extending into the present practices and discourses associated with the Cold War concept of defection. The numerous departures constitute a detrimental form of brain drain for Cuban ballet, which loses precious human capital and is relegated to the subaltern role of labor supplier for the international ballet community. Yet, this diaspora could also fuel brain gain—a scenario in which émigrés such as Carlos Acosta return home to reinvest in local institutions the knowledge and resources acquired abroad.
Ratmansky
Authors: Scherr Apollinaire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how the work of post-Soviet choreographer Alexei Ratmansky pursues what he calls “a brilliant development that wasn’t actually fulfilled.” With a paradoxical faith in historical continuity (given the Stalin-era “interruption”), this Russian émigré takes up not only where early Soviet ballet left off in the mid-1930s but even before, with Marius Petipa before twentieth-century gigantism got its hands on him. Whether through the relaxed posture, the dizzying but nonchalant steps, the crosshatched steps, or the corps in relation to the soloist, Ratmansky’s ballets bring out what an authoritarian system—of nation, ballet troupe, or ballet—represses. This applies to all his work: the original creations, adaptations, and historical reconstructions. The chapter treats a wide swath of his ballets, with particular attention to Swan Lake, Russian Seasons, and The Shostakovich Trilogy.
Introduction
Authors: Farrugia-Kriel Kathrina , Nunes Jensen Jill 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The introduction to The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Ballet describes the anthology’s objectives and overall structure. Working across continents, from London and Los Angeles, respectively, the volume editors, Kathrina Farrugia-Kriel and Jill Nunes Jensen, discuss the process of curating the book and ushering it into publication. The introduction sheds light on the motivation to bring into conversation various ballet communities, and those who have heretofore been separated based on how and where they contribute to dance. A rationale for grouping chapters according to subject matter rather than chronology is presented, and each chapter is mentioned briefly so readers can understand the book’s scope and organization while keeping the focus on the contributions. The editors did not seek to define contemporary ballet in the course of developing the anthology, but rather to uncover the diversity, and lack thereof, that is present in how ballet is studied, performed, perpetuated, and changed worldwide. The introduction makes the case that contemporary ballet is understood differently as contingent upon community and geography, and therefore includes artists whose work might challenge what some hold as signposts of the genre. The editors acknowledge that having a male body of color on the cover reorients not only ballet iconography but also how history records this moment in time. The decision to end the book with a part titled “In Process” serves as a nod to the idea that, as many problems are far from eviscerated, ballet does have the capacity to move forward and contemporize.
James Kudelka
Authors: Bowring Amy , Evidente Tanya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
James Kudelka glides comfortably between the worlds of ballet, modern dance, and postmodern dance. As one of Canada’s most prolific choreographers, he has a repertoire that bridges classical and contemporary modes as he moves skillfully between revisiting classical behemoths such as Swan Lake and creating entirely new works driven by his masterful relationship to music and his ability to push the boundaries of ballet vocabulary and partnering. This chapter contextualizes Kudelka’s work within the historical narrative of ballet in Canada and his impact on the repertoires of the National Ballet of Canada and Les Grands Ballet Canadiens. Kudelka’s dominant themes of love, sex, and death; his vocabulary and strong emphasis on artistic collaboration; and his musical awareness are all crucial elements of his creative process and are integral to his exploration of the human condition through ballet.
The Family and Intergenerational Justice
Authors: Macleod Colin M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the implications of a liberal egalitarian conception of justice for our understanding of intergenerational justice in matters concerning the family. It provides an overview of a cosmopolitan conception of liberal egalitarianism with specific focus on the goods for children, parents, and other members of society to which such a conception of justice should be sensitive. It considers how an ideal of liberal equality should address issues of intergenerational wealth and procreative liberty under both favorable and unfavorable conditions. The chapter also considers how intergenerational injustice in the past affects our understanding of the entitlements of current families to resources and opportunities.
Social Justice and Administrative Justice
Authors: Gulland Jackie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial justice is a popular concept, used by academic theorists, international bodies such as the United Nations, politicians on both the left and the right and by community activists. This chapter considers how the term ‘social justice’ may or may not be useful in the context of ‘administrative justice’ by looking at the relationship between administrative justice and structural inequalities. Administrative justice scholars usually focus on procedures. By contrast, social justice scholars are more concerned with substantive outcomes. They draw attention to the major rifts in society which lead to huge inequalities of outcome in terms of material wealth, health, education and life expectancy. Administrative justice, with its emphasis on rule following and fair procedures, can often seem divorced from these inequalities. This is where the concept of social justice can help administrative justice scholars. Administrative justice scholars, often dismiss outcomes as being beyond the reach of law, as being about politics. The emphasis on the ‘social’ in social justice compels us to look at this broader context and to show us how the great schisms in society create and enforce inequality.