bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standing out from the crowd: Dedicated institutional investors and strategy uniqueness
Authors: Oehmichen Jana , Firk Sebastian , Wolff Michael , Maybuechen Franz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch summaryThis article examines the effect of dedicated institutional investors on firms’ strategy uniqueness. We build on the uniqueness paradox where unique strategies are important drivers of economic rent, yet create an information problem whereby CEOs face discounts from the capital market, thus discouraging them from selecting unique strategies. We propose dedicated institutional investors as a partial remedy to the uniqueness paradox. Dedicated institutional investors invest in gaining private information about their investments, devote effort to understanding firms’ strategies, and reduce capital market pressure. Thus, dedicated institutional investors can encourage CEOs to pursue more unique strategies. Our empirical results show the positive influence of dedicated institutional investors on strategic uniqueness, which is even stronger when firms operate in industries that are hard to value.Managerial summaryUnique strategies can be an important way for managers to create long‐term value. However, some managers shy away from implementing such strategies, fearing that the short‐term oriented capital market does not fully understand the long‐term benefits of unique strategies and hence punishes them. Our study shows that investors who are long‐term‐oriented, focused, and committed help resolve this issue. These owners gather in‐depth private information about their investments, devote effort to understanding firms’ strategies, and reduce capital market pressures. Hence, their commitment and patience can encourage CEOs to pursue more unique strategies. Our study reflects the high levels of responsibility that investors have on strategic decision‐making. Therefore, we recommend to intensify the communication between investors and firms on strategic topics (e.g., in form of stewardship policies).
Essential or not? Knowledge problems and COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders
Authors: Storr Virgil Henry , Haeffele Stefanie , Lofthouse Jordan K. , Grube Laura E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments around the world issued stay‐at‐home orders, which required that individuals stay at home unless they were engaging in certain activities. Often these orders would designate certain goods and services as “essential” and would permit individuals engaged in the production, delivery, and purchase of those goods and services to leave their homes to do so. Implicit in these policies, of course, is the assumption that policymakers can know ex ante which goods and services are essential. As proved true while these stay‐at‐home orders were in effect, essentialness is necessarily subjective and depends on knowledge that is often dispersed, inarticulate, and changes over time. Policymakers, however, do not and often cannot have access to the local knowledge needed to determine ex ante which goods and services are essential, and they lack the feedback mechanisms they would need to adroitly adapt when circumstances change. This paper examines these knowledge problems associated with designating certain goods and services as “essential” when crafting and implementing stay‐at‐home orders.
Relativistic N-particle energy shift in finite volume
Authors: Romero-López Fernando , Rusetsky Akaki , Schlage Nikolas , Urbach Carsten 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a general method for deriving the energy shift of an interacting system of N spinless particles in a finite volume. To this end, we use the nonrelativistic effective field theory (NREFT), and match the pertinent low-energy constants to the scattering amplitudes. Relativistic corrections are explicitly included up to a given order in the 1/L expansion. We apply this method to obtain the ground state of N particles, and the first excited state of two and three particles to order L−6 in terms of the threshold parameters of the two- and three-particle relativistic scattering amplitudes. We use these expressions to analyze the N-particle ground state energy shift in the complex φ4 theory.
Effects of whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation device on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation
Authors: Hoshiai Megumi , Ochiai Kaori , Tamura Yuma , Tsurumi Tomoki , Terashima Masato , Tamiya Hajime , Maeno Eikou , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Tomoe Takashi , Kawabe Atsuhiko , Uema Atsuko , Ueno Asuka , Sugiyama Takushi , Horie Yasuto , Sugimura Hiroyuki , Koike Ryousuke , Yasu Takanori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other types of muscular dysfunction. A novel whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WB-NMES) wearable device may be beneficial when combined with voluntary exercises. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effects of the WB-NMES on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation. The study included 19 healthy Japanese volunteers, aged 22–33 years, who were not using any medication. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and blood sampling were conducted before a 20-min WB-NMES session and at 0 and 10 min after termination of WB-NMES. Their tolerable maximum intensity was recorded using numeric rating scale. Arrhythmia was not detected during neuromuscular electrical stimulation or during 10 min of recovery. Blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and diastolic function remained unchanged; however, mild mitral regurgitation was transiently observed during WB-NMES in a single male participant. A decrease in blood glucose and an increase in blood lactate levels were observed, but no changes in blood fluidity, sublingual microcirculation, blood levels of noradrenaline, or oxidative stress were shown. WB-NMES is safe and effective for decreasing blood glucose and increasing blood lactate levels without changing the blood fluidity or microcirculation in healthy people.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in predicting CRT response: one more J-shaped curve in medicine
Authors: Orszulak Michal , Filipecki Artur , Wrobel Wojciech , Berger-Kucza Adrianna , Orszulak Witold , Urbanczyk-Swic Dagmara , Kwasniewski Wojciech , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was: (1) to verify the hypothesis that left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) may be of additive prognostic value in prediction CRT response and (2) to obtain such a LVGLS value that in the best optimal way enables to characterize potential CRT responders. Forty-nine HF patients (age 66.5 ± 10 years, LVEF 24.9 ± 6.4%, LBBB 71.4%, 57.1% ischemic aetiology of HF) underwent CRT implantation. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed prior to and 15 ± 7 months after CRT implantation. Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to assess longitudinal left ventricular function as LVGLS. The response to CRT was defined as a ≥ 15% reduction in the left ventricular end-systolic volume (∆LVESV). Thirty-six (73.5%) patients responded to CRT. There was no linear correlation between baseline LVGLS and ∆LVESV (r = 0.09;p = 0.56). The patients were divided according to the percentile of baseline LVGLS: above 80th percentile; between 80 and 40th percentile; below 40th percentile. Two peripheral groups (above 80th and below 40th percentile) formed “peripheral LVGLS” and the middle group was called “mid-range LVGLS”. The absolute LVGLS cutoff values were − 6.07% (40th percentile) and − 8.67% (80th percentile). For the group of 20 (40.8%) “mid-range LVGLS” patients mean ΔLVESV was 33.3 ± 16.9% while for “peripheral LVGLS” ΔLVESV was 16.2 ± 18.8% (p < 0.001). Among non-ischemic HF etiology, all “mid-range LVGLS” patients (100%) responded positively to CRT (in “peripheral LVGLS”—55% responders;p = 0.015). Baseline LVGLS may have a potential prognostic value in prediction CRT response with relationship of inverted J-shaped pattern. “Mid-range LVGLS” values should help to select CRT responders, especially in non-ischemic HF etiology patients.
Rehabilitation nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Gerbig Doris 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch strukturierte (Langzeit‑)Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Nierenlebendspende können Risikofaktoren für Transplantatüberleben und Nierenfunktion und für die physische wie psychische Morbidität unterschiedlichster Genese detektiert und gebessert werden. Neben den klassischen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren zählen hierzu eine mangelnde Adhärenz des Patienten, Wissensdefizite im Hinblick auf Verhaltensregeln nach Transplantation und Lebendspende, Bewegungsmangel, mangelnde Coping-Strategien oder auch arbeitsmedizinische und sozialrechtliche Belange.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es soll dargestellt werden, wie Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen die Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Lebendspende optimieren können, worauf sich der Rehabilitationsbedarf begründet, welche Ziele verfolgt werden und welche multidisziplinären Therapiemodule sich etabliert haben.

Material und Methoden
Hierfür dienen neben einer Literaturrecherche die Erfahrungen einer Rehabilitationsklinik, die seit dem Jahr 2000 Rehabilitationen nach Nierentransplantation und nach Lebendspende anbietet und etwa 600 Patienten pro Jahr behandelt.

Ergebnisse
Spezialisierte Rehamaßnahmen mit nephrologischem und transplantationsmedizinischem Schwerpunkt können die ambulante Nachsorge nach Nierentransplantation und Nierenlebendspende sinnvoll ergänzen, wenn die Rehabilitationsklinik konzeptionelle, personelle und strukturelle Qualitätsanforderungen erfüllt. Eine enge Kooperation der Rehaklinik mit dem Transplantationszentrum und den behandelnden Nephrologen ist essenziell.

Diskussion
Kontrollierte Studien zur Langzeitnachsorge unter Einbeziehung der stationären Rehabilitation sind anzustreben. Auch Prärehabilitation sollte in diesen Kontext einbezogen werden.
3D Printing in Fiber-Device Technology
Authors: van der Elst Louis , Faccini de Lima Camila , Gokce Kurtoglu Meve , Koraganji Veda Narayana , Zheng Mengxin , Gumennik Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in additive manufacturing enable redesigning material morphology on nano-, micro-, and meso-scale, for achieving an enhanced functionality on the macro-scale. From non-planar and flexible electronic circuits, through biomechanically realistic surgical models, to shoe soles individualized for the user comfort, multiple scientific and technological areas undergo material-property redesign and enhancement enabled by 3D printing. Fiber-device technology is currently entering such a transformation. In this paper, we review the recent advances in adopting 3D printing for direct digital manufacturing of fiber preforms with complex cross-sectional architectures designed for the desired thermally drawn fiber-device functionality. Subsequently, taking a recursive manufacturing approach, such fibers can serve as a raw material for 3D printing, resulting in macroscopic objects with enhanced functionalities, from optoelectronic to bio-functional, imparted by the fiber-devices properties.

Graphic abstract
Renewed vision on pulmonary rehabilitation service delivery for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management beyond COVID‐19
Authors: Perumal Shakila Devi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). International respiratory societies defined PR is more than “just an exercise program”; it is a comprehensive care delivered by a team of dedicated healthcare professionals with a strong emphasis on long‐term health‐enhancing Behaviors. However, “Uncertainty” exists with varied reasons for the political and geographical barriers of referral, uptake, attendance, and completion of PR in both primary and secondary care. Besides, COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked many global controversies and challenges on pulmonary rehabilitation service delivery. Post‐COVID‐19 guidelines emphasize on integrated care rehabilitation for patients with COPD. Thus, this concise review intends to understand the gaps in United Kingdom healthcare policies, practices, and PR services resources. To date, there is no clear consensus on PR integrated care model pathway to address the unmet needs, measure the health and social care disparities; adds to the disease burden of COPD. Based on the culmination of evidence, this perspective offers a theoretical framework of PR integrated service model, a pathway to deliver high‐value personalized care to patients with COPD.
Occupational risk factors for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare personnel: A cross-sectional analysis of subjects enrolled in the COVID-19 Prevention in Emory Healthcare Personnel (COPE) study
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica R. , Adams Carly , Sherman Amy C. , Dube William C. , Smith Teresa C. , Edupuganti Neena , Chea Nora , Magill Shelley S. , Espinoza Daniel O. , Zhu Yerun , Phadke Varun K. , Edupuganti Srilatha , Steinberg James P. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Jacob Jesse T. , Collins Matthew H. , Fridkin Scott K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmong 353 healthcare personnel in a longitudinal cohort in 4 hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia (May–June 2020), 23 (6.5%) had severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. Spending >50% of a typical shift at the bedside (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2–10.5) and black race (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.7–27.4) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.
A Sogdian Medical Text from Turfan
Authors: BI BO  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article deals with a Sogdian medical text in the German Turfan collection obtained from Toyoq. The recto of the document appears to contain two prescriptions for treating irregular fever and a disease involving the urinary bladder. The names of both diseases, and several ingredients used, suggest the text is closely linked to Indian medicine, especially Āyurveda. In contrast, the verso is a translation of a passage discussing dropsy in a seventh-century Chinese medical work, the first so far identified Sogdian text translated from a Chinese classical text. Despite its short content, this Sogdian medical text offers intriguing insight into the multi-cultural background of Sogdian medicine in Turfan.
Tropical Cyclones Reduce Ozone in the Tropopause Region Over the Western Pacific: An Analysis of 18 Years Ozonesonde Profiles
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Bian Jianchun , Günther Gebhard , Riese Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTyphoons play a key role in causing low ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the western Pacific. In this study, 18 years records (2000–2017) of balloon‐borne ozone measurements in Hong Kong (22.3°N, 114.2°E) and Naha (26.2°N, 127.7°E) are combined with trajectory calculations to quantitatively assess the impact of western Pacific typhoons on ozone in the UTLS. The results show that 46.3% (44.9%) of the ozone profiles in Hong Kong (Naha) are impacted by western Pacific typhoons from July to October, with negative ozone anomalies exceeding −20%. Vertical transport by intense typhoons affects 16.8% (18.8%) of the ozone profiles in Hong Kong (Naha) with even larger negative anomalies (<−40%). Vertical transport of tropical cyclones reduces ozone by about 20–60 ppbv compared to the mean ozone profile near the tropopause. Ozone values below 60 ppbv in the upper troposphere in Hong Kong and Naha are mainly caused by the uplift in the western Pacific typhoons and by horizontal transport within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone. The horizontal transport in the ASM anticyclone has larger contributions to the low ozone values measured over Hong Kong than over Naha.
Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea Overturning Circulation to Long‐Term Atmospheric and Hydrological Changes
Authors: Placke Manja , Meier H. E. Markus , Neumann Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the Baltic Sea is analyzed with respect to long‐term changes in atmospheric and hydrological conditions by using two state‐of‐the‐art ocean circulation models: RCO (Rossby Centre Ocean model) with a reference simulation and various sensitivity experiments as well as MOM (Modular Ocean Model). Historical reconstructions since 1850 lasting for >150 years are considered in order to identify coherences between the overturning stream function and surface wind, river runoff, major Baltic inflows, salinity, and water temperature. Long‐term time series are evaluated statistically for several subbasins of the Baltic Sea for the two different models and for the sensitivity experiments concerning the interannual, multidecadal, and centennial variability. We found that the simulated overturning circulation has a response time scale with respect to wind or runoff of around 30 years. The overturning circulation will decrease basin‐wide under anomalous wind conditions which hamper the deep water flow within the Baltic Sea, under a warmer climate or when river runoff increases. However, a global sea level rise would reinforce the overturning circulation. Overall, multidecadal variations of the overturning circulation are anticorrelated to and caused by the wind parallel to the cross‐section of the overturning circulation. They are not caused by river runoff and the coherence with major Baltic inflows is small. Hence, the overturning circulation does not act as a good proxy for major Baltic inflows.
Modeling of Planetary Wave Influences on the Pre‐reversal Enhancement of the Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drift
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Diéval C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTemporal and longitudinal variations of the pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) in the equatorial F region vertical plasma drift are examined based on idealized simulations by the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model performed under geomagnetically quiet (Kp = 1) and high solar‐flux (F10.7 = 200) conditions. The model takes into account forcing by large‐scale waves from the middle and lower atmosphere, which leads to day‐to‐day variations of PRE. Simulations are performed under different wave forcing in order to separate contributions of various types of waves. It is shown that the simulated day‐to‐day variability of the PRE intensity is predominantly due to forcing by waves with periods less than 2 days, that is, tides and their modulation. Planetary‐wave forcing (periods of 2–20 days) makes contributions to periodic oscillations in the PRE intensity. Especially, the westward‐propagating quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 is found to be an important source of ∼6‐day oscillations of PRE. Not only the Q6DW from below but also the Q6DW generated within the thermosphere, as well as the secondary waves due to the nonlinear interaction between the Q6DW and migrating tides, is at play. The zonal wavenumber 1 nature of the ∼6‐day oscillations could contribute to longitudinal differences in the appearance of equatorial spread F and plasma bubbles, which are strongly controlled by PRE.
Distinguishing synaptic vesicle precursor navigation of microtubule ends with a single rate constant model
Authors: Gramlich M. W. , Balseiro-Gómez S. , Tabei S. M. Ali , Parkes M. , Yogev S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAxonal motor driven cargo utilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in order to direct cargo, such as synaptic vesicle precursors (SVP), to where they are needed. This transport requires vesicles to travel up to microns in distance. It has recently been observed that finite microtubule lengths can act as roadblocks inhibiting SVP and increasing the time required for transport. SVPs reach the end of a microtubule and pause until they can navigate to a neighboring microtubule in order to continue transport. The mechanism(s) by which axonal SVPs navigate the end of a microtubule in order to continue mobility is unknown. In this manuscript we model experimentally observed vesicle pausing at microtubule ends in C. elegans. We show that a single rate-constant model reproduces the time SVPs pause at MT-ends. This model is based on the time an SVP must detach from its current microtubule and re-attach to a neighboring microtubule. We show that vesicle pause times are different for anterograde and retrograde motion, suggesting that vesicles utilize different proteins at plus and minus end sites. Last, we show that vesicles do not likely utilize a tug-of-war like mechanism and reverse direction in order to navigate microtubule ends.
Astrocytic expression of the Alzheimer’s disease risk allele, ApoEε4, potentiates neuronal tau pathology in multiple preclinical models
Authors: Jablonski Angela Marie , Warren Lee , Usenovic Marija , Zhou Heather , Sugam Jonathan , Parmentier-Batteur Sophie , Voleti Bhavya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApoEε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disease hallmarked by extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The presence of the ApoEε4 allele is associated with increased Aβ deposition and a role for ApoEε4 in the potentiation of tau pathology has recently emerged. This study focused on comparing the effects of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of the three predominant human ApoE isoforms within astrocytes. The isoform-specific effects of human ApoE were evaluated within in vitro models of tau pathology within neuron/astrocyte co-cultures, as well as in a transgenic tau mouse model. Tau aggregation, accumulation, and phosphorylation were measured to determine if the three isoforms of human ApoE had differential effects on tau. Astrocytic overexpression of the human ApoEε4 allele increased phosphorylation and misfolding of overexpressed neuronal tau in multiple models, including the aggregation and accumulation of added tau oligomers, in an isoform-specific manner. The ability of ApoEε4 to increase tau aggregation could be inhibited by an ApoEε4-specific antibody. This study indicates that astrocytic expression of ApoEε4 can potentiate tau aggregation and phosphorylation within neurons and supports a gain of toxic function hypothesis for the effect of hApoEε4 on tau.