bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Approach to Solving Cubic and Quartic Polynomial Equations
Authors: Tiruneh Ababu Teklemariam 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The aim of the research study was to develop a more direct and intuitive approach for the solution of polynomial equations of degree 3 and four.
Study Design: The study employed equivalent polynomial substitution that is more intuitive and direct to formulate than the traditional formulations and one that is easily solvable.
Place and Duration of Study: The study has been undertaken by the author at the university of Eswatini in the period from February to March 2021.
Methodology: Two alternative procedures have been presented for the analytical solution of cubic and quartic equations and demonstrated with worked examples. The solution is derived through a direct procedure without involving intermediate variable substitution.
Results: For cubic equations, the solution provides explicit expression of an equivalent cubic that is formed directly in terms of the original variable x. As such, the formula is intuitive and simple to derive or understand as well as apply. For the quartic equations, the same decomposition form is used as that of the cubic equation using two quadratic polynomials that have symmetric form thus making it easy to develop the solution as well as solve the equations
Conclusion: The alternative formula is easy to formulate and solve and provides a more intuitive basis for understanding and solving polynomial equations.
Etiological and Clinical Spectrum of Pancytopenia Based on Peripheral Blood Smear and Bone Marrow Examination: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Porwal Vipin , Deshpande Rajesh , Modi Rohit 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Pancytopenia is a common clinic-haematological problem suspected in patients with anaemia, prolonged fever, and a bleeding tendency. This study was performed to find the prevalence of pancytopenia and to determine the common causes of pancytopenia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: department of general medicine at R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India between November 2017 toAugust 2019.
Methodology: The study was conducted among patients with pancytopenia during a two-year period. The etiological pattern was assessed through routine blood tests to determine their clinical features, peripheral blood pictures, and bone marrow morphologies.
Results: Out of 100 patients with pancytopenia, the majority (64.0%) were men. A total of 34 patients were aged between the 21 and 30 years and 28 were aged between 31 and 40 years. Generalized weakness was the most common (88%) presentation and the most common clinical finding was pallor (94.0%), followed by splenomegaly (40.0%) and hepatomegaly (30.0%). Megaloblastic anaemia was the most common cause of pancytopenia that was observed in 58 patients, followed by aplastic anaemia (n=12), cirrhosis of the liver (n=8), leukaemia (n=6), dengue, myelodysplastic syndrome, and malaria (n=4 each), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n=2 each). A total of 28.0% patients had normocellular bone marrow and 72.0% had cellular marrow.
Conclusion: Megaloblastic anaemia was the most common aetiology of pancytopenia.
Toxicity Studies on Aqueous Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis Extract of Kidneys and Its Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abubakar U. , Adisa J. O. , Mohammed U. , Tsamiya R. I. , Mohammed M. O. , Muhammad A. T. , Mohammed I. , Umar A. , Sani S. M. , Umar S. , Imam A. B. , Kabir H. , Dogondaji F. A. , Bello B. A. , Aruf S. Y. Ma , Fasogbon S. A. , Isah D. , Abdullahi H. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany in English, Aganwo in Yoruba, Madachi in Hausa and Ono in Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the Toxic effect of prolonged oral administration of the aqueous stem bark of Khaya senegalensis extract on the histology of Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats.
Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E.
Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen.
Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.
Healthcare Professionals (Nurses') Perceived Stress and Coping: Amid COVID-19
Authors: Alsolami Fatmah J. , Ramaiah Pushpamala , Tayyib Nahla A. , Alshmemri Mohammad S. , Alsulami Sanaa A. , Lindsay Grace , Asfour Hayam I. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Nurses are the frontline health professional more likely to undergo various stressors during the pandemic Covid-19 situation. The ongoing unprecedented crisis causes more stress, especially among nurses, as they are the most vulnerable group who predominantly get impacted while delivering comprehensive care.
Aim: This study explored the level of stress among nurses working in different healthcare settings.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among nurses from developed and developing countries between 7 February and 7 April 2020 was adopted for this research. Sixty-four nurses working in different healthcare settings were included in the study. A self-developed online questionnaire using google documents was used to collect data that comprised baseline data, Cohen Perceived stress scale, simplified coping items, and items of psychosocial perception. Results: It was revealed that 75.64% of studied participants (N=64) had a high level of stress, with a mean anxiety score and Standard deviation of 3.52± 1.084, during the Covid-19 pandemic situation. A statistically significant association was found between the demographic variables such as experience and participation in the COVID-19 team at p<.05, whereas gender, age, and working unit do not show any significant associations.
Conclusion: Heath institutions' effective and efficient protocols are required to enhance nurses' mental strength and alleviate their lack of coping strategies, particularly during a crisis.
Characterization of inpatient care for patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital with a home opioid prescription
Authors: Takamura Kei , Hebbard Amy M. , Robert Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with mental illness are particularly at risk for OUD, and due to this higher risk, providers may be more inclined to withhold their home opioids when they are admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Patients whose home opioids are continued or withheld during admission may be treated differently with respect to pain control, orders for nonopioid adjunctive pain agents, orders for intramuscular as-needed medications, orders for seclusion and/or restraints, and outpatient referrals for OUD treatment. The objective of this retrospective pilot study was to characterize inpatient care for these 2 patient populations.

Methods
Thirty-one inpatient encounters were reviewed for patients who had opioid prescriptions before admission and were discharged from the medical center's psychiatric service from June 1 through August 31, 2019.

Results
Orders for nonopioid adjunctive pain agents and intramuscular as-needed medications trended higher for the opioid-withheld group, suggesting greater polypharmacy and patient dissatisfaction compared with the opioid-continued group. Additionally, what became evident was the lack of consistent and clear documentation regarding the discharge plans for the patients' home opioid and OUD treatment.

Discussion
These findings may prompt inpatient interdisciplinary teams to develop a better process of documentation to facilitate continuity of care.
Effects of Morphological Awareness Training on Reading Accuracy in Children with Dyslexia and its Transfer Effect on Phonological Awareness
Authors: Layes Smail , Kaddouri Amel , Lalonde Robert , Rebai Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We examined the effects of a morphological awareness (MA) training program on the enhancement of word and pseudo-word reading and phonological awareness in Arabic-speaking children with dyslexia. We compared two groups of children with dyslexia from Grade 3, an experimental group (n = 12; mean age = 112.4 months) with a control group (n = 13; mean age = 111.61 months). The training program focused on morphological analysis, derivational morphology and inflexional morphology. Results revealed that the experimental group outperformed controls on all post-training measures for MA, reading words and pseudo-words as well as phonological awareness. Also, the post-training measures were better achieved in the experimental group than pre-training ones, which confirm the efficacy of the morphological training program. We discuss these findings in light of the relationship between morphological awareness and word reading and phonological awareness, and the Arabic orthographic features as a morphological based language.
Comparison of Responsiveness of British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 Index, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 Systems Tally
Authors: Yee Chee‐Seng , Gordon Caroline , Isenberg David A. , Griffiths Bridget , Teh Lee‐Suan , Bruce Ian N. , Ahmad Yasmeen , Rahman Anisur , Prabu Athiveeraramapandian , Akil Mohammed , McHugh Neil , Edwards Christopher J. , D'Cruz David , Khamashta Munther A. , Farewell Vernon T. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the responsiveness of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 index (BILAG‐2004) and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) disease activity indices and to determine whether there was any added value in combining BILAG‐2004, BILAG‐2004 system tally (BST), or simplified BST (sBST) with SLEDAI‐2K.MethodsThis was a multicenter longitudinal study of SLE patients. Data were collected on BILAG‐2004, SLEDAI‐2K, and therapy on consecutive assessments in routine practice. The external responsiveness of the indices was assessed by determining the relationship between change in disease activity and change in therapy between 2 consecutive visits. Comparison of indices and their derivatives was performed by assessing the main effects of the indices using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis was used to describe the performance of these indices individually and in various combinations, and comparisons of area under the curve were performed.ResultsThere were 1,414 observations from 347 patients. Both BILAG‐2004 and SLEDAI‐2K maintained an independent relationship with change in therapy when compared. There was some improvement in responsiveness when continuous SLEDAI‐2K variables (change in score and score of previous visit) were combined with BILAG‐2004 system scores. Dichotomization of BILAG‐2004 or SLEDAI‐2K resulted in poorer performance. BST and sBST had similar responsiveness as the combination of SLEDAI‐2K variables and BILAG‐2004 system scores. There was little benefit in combining SLEDAI‐2K with BST or sBST.ConclusionThe BILAG‐2004 index had comparable responsiveness to SLEDAI‐2K. There was some benefit in combining both indices. Dichotomization of BILAG‐2004 and SLEDAI‐2K leads to suboptimal performance. BST and sBST performed well on their own; sBST is recommended for its simplicity and clinical meaningfulness.
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time quantized control for stochastic nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tong Shaocheng , Sui Shuai 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis article studies the adaptive fuzzy finite‐time quantized control problem of stochastic nonlinear nonstrict‐feedback systems with full state constraints. During the control design process, fuzzy logic systems are used to identify the unknown nonlinear functions, integral barrier Lyapunov functions are employed to solve the state constrained problem. In the frame of backstepping design, an adaptive fuzzy finite‐time quantized control scheme is developed. Based on the stochastic finite‐time Lyapunov stability theory, it can be guaranteed that the closed‐loop system is semiglobal finite‐time stable in probability, and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in a finite time. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to testify the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.
Recent Progress of Methods to Enhance Photovoltaic Effect for Self‐Powered Heterojunction Photodetectors and Their Applications in Inorganic Low‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Hu Xin , Li Xiangyang , Li Guiye , Ji Tao , Ai Fujin , Wu Jianghong , Ha Enna , Hu Junqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn important class of photoelectronic devices, self‐powered photodetectors, has attracted worldwide attention because of its crucial role in both basic scientific research and commercial/public applications. Thanks to a special synergistic effect, excellent photoelectric properties, and outstanding mechanical stability, the study of heterojunction devices can provide valuable insights and new possibilities for the future of self‐powered photodetectors. This paper reviews the recent years of fundamental research of photovoltaic efficiency based on the ferroelectric‐enhanced photovoltaic effect, the pyro‐phototronic effect, and the piezo‐phototronic effect. It also highlights important topics related to heterojunctions and materials that are suitable for self‐powered photodetectors. The article concludes with an outlook of the future development in this important and rapidly advancing field.
Reconfigurable Three‐Dimensional Mesotructures of Spatially Programmed Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Their Ferromagnetic Composites
Authors: Li Yi , Yu Huabin , Yu Kai , Guo Xiaogang , Wang Xueju 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReversible programming of 3D soft mesostructures is desired for many applications including soft robotics and biomedical devices. The large, reversible shape changes of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which result from the coupling between the alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules and the macroscopic deformation of polymer networks, have attracted much attention for such applications. Here, a facile and versatile strategy is introduced to create reconfigurable, freestanding 3D mesostructures of LCEs and magnetic LCE composites that are inaccessible with existing techniques via spatially programming LC molecules through mechanical buckling. Demonstrations include experimental and theoretical results of more than 20 reconfigurable 3D LCE mesostructures of diverse configurations, from coils and spirals to structures that resemble fences and frameworks, with characteristic feature sizes and thicknesses ranging from micro to macro. The large, reversible shape‐switching behaviors of these structures over multiple cycles are also demonstrated. An LCE gripper is shown to grab/release objects of both regular and irregular geometries. Furthermore, a robot of ferromagnetic LCE composites that simultaneously responds to magnetic and thermal stimuli for diverse biomimetic behaviors, especially crawling underneath a narrow crack, illustrates the integration of other functional materials to LCEs for multifunctional systems.
NIR‐II J‐Aggregates Labelled Mesoporous Implant for Imaging‐Guided Osteosynthesis with Minimal Invasion
Authors: Sun Caixia , Sun Xiaofei , Pei Peng , He Haisheng , Ming Jiang , Liu Xuan , Liu Minchao , Zhang Yuntong , Xia Yan , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Xiaomin , Xie Yang , Zhang Fan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMedical implants are widely used in clinical practice, such as cardiovascular stenting, maxillofacial surgery, and orthopedics. However, most of the traditional implant operations are open and invasive, resulting in massive dissection of soft tissue and interruption of blood supply. The accurate navigation for the implant operations is considered as one of the most effective ways to reduce the damage, which is urgently desired in clinic. Herein, a biocompatible NIR‐II J‐aggregates labelled mesoporous implant for imaging‐guided osteosynthesis with minimal invasion is reported. Mesoporous silica layer with vertical channels is grown on the surface of titanium plate, which can provide the confining space for the formation of the FD‐1080 J‐aggregates. Both the absorption and fluorescence peaks of the FD‐1080 J‐aggregates are located in NIR‐II window (beyond 1300 nm), which are ideal for high resolution and real time surgical navigation in deep tissue. NIR‐II imaging can clearly display the location and outline of the implant both in vitro and in vivo. This NIR‐II imaging‐guided osteosynthesis can effectively reduce the surgical wound and operational duration, which is crucial for the implant surgeries.
Solid‐State NMR and MRI Spectroscopy for Li/Na Batteries: Materials, Interface, and In Situ Characterization
Authors: Liu Xiangsi , Liang Ziteng , Xiang Yuxuan , Lin Min , Li Qi , Liu Zigeng , Zhong Guiming , Fu Riqiang , Yang Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnhancing the electrochemical performance of batteries, including the lifespan, energy, and power densities, is an everlasting quest for the rechargeable battery community. However, the dynamic and coupled (electro)chemical processes that occur in the electrode materials as well as at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces complicate the investigation of their working and decay mechanisms. Herein, the recent developments and applications of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in Li/Na batteries are reviewed. Several typical cases including the applications of NMR spectroscopy for the investigation of the pristine structure and the dynamic structural evolution of materials are first emphasized. The NMR applications in analyzing the solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on the electrode are further concluded, involving the identification of SEI components and investigation of ionic motion through the interfaces. Beyond, the new development of in situ NMR and MRI techniques are highlighted, including their advantages, challenges, applications and the design principle of in situ cell. In the end, a prospect about how to use ssNMR in battery research from the perspectives of materials, interface, and in situ NMR, aiming at obtaining deeper insight of batteries with the assistance of ssNMR is represented.
Base‐Mediated Generation of Ketenimines from Ynamides: [3+2] Annulation with Azaallyl Anions
Authors: D'Hollander Agathe C. A. , Romero Eugénie , Vijayakumar Kamsana , Le Houérou Camille , Retailleau Pascal , Dodd Robert H. , Iorga Bogdan I. , Cariou Kevin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnder basic conditions and heat, ynamides can serve as precursors to ketenimines, whose synthetic potential is often hampered by their difficulty of access. Herein, we report that they can undergo a [3+2] cycloaddition with 2‐azaallyl anions, obtained from benzylimines under the same reaction conditions. This reaction between two highly reactive intermediates, both generated in situ from bench stable starting materials, gives access to various nitrogen‐rich heterocycles. The reaction usually proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity, in favor of the cis adduct. Deuteration experiments and DFT calculations helped rationalize the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the process as well as the formation of side products.magnified image
Synthesis of Dibenzosiloles through Electrocatalytic Sila‐Friedel‐Crafts Reaction
Authors: Han Pan , Yin Mengyun , Li Haiqiong , Yi Jundan , Jing Linhai , Wei Bangguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel electrocatalyzed method for the preparation of dibenzosiloles was developed through intramolecular C−H/Si−H dehydrogenative coupling strategy starting from biarylhydrosilanes. Both electro‐donating and electro‐withdrawing substitution groups were tolerated for this transformation, and the desired dibenzosilole products could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields. A sila‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of previous literature and our controlled experiments.magnified image
Sensitive silica‐alumina modified capacitive non‐Faradaic glucose sensor for gestational diabetes
Authors: Chen Lizhen , Xie Wenyang , Luo Yao , Ding Xiaolan , Fu Bing , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Xiong Yuanhuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive silica‐alumina (Si‐Al)‐modified capacitive non‐Faradaic glucose biosensor was introduced to monitor gestational diabetes. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the Si‐Al electrode surface as the probe through amine‐modification followed by glutaraldehyde premixed GOx as aldehyde‐amine chemistry. This Si‐Al (∼50 nm) modified electrode surface has increased the current flow upon binding of GOx with glucose. Capacitance values were increased by increasing the glucose concentrations. A mean capacitance value was plotted and the detection limit was found as 0.03 mg/mL with the regression coefficient value, R² = 0.9782 [y = 0.8391x + 1.338] on the linear range between 0.03 and 1 mg/mL. Further, a biofouling experiment with fructose and galactose did not increase the capacitance, indicating the specific glucose detection. This Si‐Al–modified capacitance sensor detects a lower level of glucose presence and helps in monitoring gestational diabetes.