bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First- and second-generation black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 quadruples: population statistics
Authors: Hamers Adrian S , Fragione Giacomo , Neunteufel Patrick , Kocsis Bence 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent detections of gravitational waves from mergers of neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs) in the low- and high-end mass gap regimes pose a puzzle to standard stellar and binary evolution theory. Mass-gap mergers may originate from successive mergers in hierarchical systems such as quadruples. Here, we consider repeated mergers of NSs and BHs in stellar 2+2 quadruple systems, in which secular evolution can accelerate the merger of one of the inner binaries. Subsequently, the merger remnant may interact with the companion binary, yielding a second-generation merger. We model the initial stellar and binary evolution of the inner binaries as isolated systems. In the case of successful compact object formation, we subsequently follow the secular dynamical evolution of the quadruple system. When a merger occurs, we take into account merger recoil, and model subsequent evolution using direct N-body integration. With different assumptions on the initial properties, we find that the majority of first-generation mergers are not much affected by secular evolution, with their observational properties mostly consistent with isolated binaries. A small subset shows imprints of secular evolution through residual eccentricity in the LIGO band, and retrograde spin-orbit orientations. Second-generation mergers are ∼107 times less common than first-generation mergers, and can be strongly affected by scattering (i.e. three-body interactions) induced by the first-generation merger. In particular, scattering can account for mergers within the low-end mass gap, although not the high-end mass gap. Also, in a few cases, scattering could explain highly eccentric LIGO sources and negative effective spin parameters.
Lynds Bright Nebulae: sites of possible twisted filaments and ongoing star formation
Authors: Dewangan L K , Dhanya J S , Bhadari N K , Ojha D K , Baug T 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The paper presents an analysis of multiwavelength data of two Lynds Bright Nebulae (LBNs), LBN 140.07+01.64 and LBN 140.77−1.42. The 1420-MHz continuum map reveals an extended Y-shaped feature (linear extent ∼3.7°), which consists of a linear part and a V-like structure. The sites LBN 140.07+01.64 and AFGL 437 are located towards the opposite sides of the V-like structure, and LBN 140.77−1.42 is spatially seen towards the linear part. Infrared-excess sources are traced towards the entire Y-feature, suggesting star formation activities. Infrared and submillimetre images show the presence of at least two large-scale dust filaments extended towards the LBN sources. The Herschel maps, which are available only towards the northern and central parts of the Y-feature, display the presence of higher column density (≥2.4 × 1021 cm−2) of materials towards the filaments. Using the 12CO(1–0) line data, the distribution of molecular gas at [−42.7, −34.4] km s−1 traces the cloud associated with the Y-feature, and confirms the existence of filaments. The large-scale filaments appear to be possibly spatially twisted. There is a hint of an oscillatory-like velocity pattern along both the filaments, favouring their proposed twisted nature. It is the first study showing the possible twisting of filaments, which is more prominent in the northern and central parts of the Y-feature. This possible twisting/coupling of the large-scale filaments appears to be responsible for the observed star formation (including known OB stars). The proposed physical process and the energetics of OB stars together seem to explain the origin of the ionized Y-feature.
Comparative Analysis of Mammal Genomes Unveils Key Genomic Variability for Human Life Span
Authors: Farré Xavier , Molina Ruben , Barteri Fabio , Timmers Paul R H J , Joshi Peter K , Oliva Baldomero , Acosta Sandra , Esteve-Altava Borja , Navarro Arcadi , Muntané Gerard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The enormous mammal’s lifespan variation is the result of each species’ adaptations to their own biological trade-offs and ecological conditions. Comparative genomics have demonstrated that genomic factors underlying both, species lifespans and longevity of individuals, are in part shared across the tree of life. Here, we compared protein-coding regions across the mammalian phylogeny to detect individual amino acid (AA) changes shared by the most long-lived mammals and genes whose rates of protein evolution correlate with longevity. We discovered a total of 2,737 AA in 2,004 genes that distinguish long- and short-lived mammals, significantly more than expected by chance (P = 0.003). These genes belong to pathways involved in regulating lifespan, such as inflammatory response and hemostasis. Among them, a total 1,157 AA showed a significant association with maximum lifespan in a phylogenetic test. Interestingly, most of the detected AA positions do not vary in extant human populations (81.2%) or have allele frequencies below 1% (99.78%). Consequently, almost none of these putatively important variants could have been detected by genome-wide association studies, suggesting that comparative genomics can be used to complement and enhance interpretation of human genome-wide association studies. Additionally, we identified four more genes whose rate of protein evolution correlated with longevity in mammals. Finally, we show that the human longevity-associated proteins are significantly more stable than the orthologous proteins from short-lived mammals, strongly suggesting that general protein stability is linked to increased lifespan.
The X-ray fluorescence screening of multiple elements in herbarium specimens from the Neotropical region reveals new records of metal accumulation in plants
Authors: Belloeil Célestine , Jouannais Pierre , Malfaisan Charles , Reyes Fernández Rolando , Lopez Severine , Navarrete Gutierrez Dulce Montserrat , Maeder-Pras Swann , Villanueva Paola , Tisserand Romane , Gallopin Melina , Alfonso-Gonzalez Dubiel , Fuentes Marrero Ilsa M , Muller Serge , Invernon Vanessa , Pillon Yohan , Echevarria Guillaume , Berazaín Iturralde Rosalina , Merlot Sylvain 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlants have developed a diversity of strategies to take up and store essential metals in order to colonize various types of soils including mineralized soils. Yet, our knowledge of the capacity of plant species to accumulate metals is still fragmentary across the plant kingdom. In this study, we have used the X-ray fluorescence technology to analyze metal concentration in a wide diversity of species of the Neotropical flora that was not extensively investigated so far. In total, we screened more than 11 000 specimens representing about 5000 species from herbaria in Paris and Cuba. Our study provides a large overview of the accumulation of metals such as manganese, zinc, and nickel in the Neotropical flora. We report 30 new nickel hyperaccumulating species from Cuba, including the first records in the families Connaraceae, Melastomataceae, Polygonaceae, Santalaceae, and Urticaceae. We also identified the first species from this region of the world that can be considered as manganese hyperaccumulators in the genera Lomatia (Proteaceae), Calycogonium (Melastomataceae), Ilex (Aquifoliaceae), Morella (Myricaceae), and Pimenta (Myrtaceae). Finally, we report the first zinc hyperaccumulator, Rinorea multivenosa (Violaceae), from the Amazonas region. The identification of species able to accumulate high amounts of metals will become instrumental to support the development of phytotechnologies in order to limit the impact of soil metal pollution in this region of the world.
Nuclear export of plant pararetrovirus mRNAs involves the TREX complex, two viral proteins and the highly structured 5′ leader region
Authors: Kubina Julie , Geldreich Angèle , Gales Jón Pol , Baumberger Nicolas , Bouton Clément , Ryabova Lyubov A , Grasser Klaus D , Keller Mario , Dimitrova Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In eukaryotes, the major nuclear export pathway for mature mRNAs uses the dimeric receptor TAP/p15, which is recruited to mRNAs via the multisubunit TREX complex, comprising the THO core and different export adaptors. Viruses that replicate in the nucleus adopt different strategies to hijack cellular export factors and achieve cytoplasmic translation of their mRNAs. No export receptors are known in plants, but Arabidopsis TREX resembles the mammalian complex, with a conserved hexameric THO core associated with ALY and UIEF proteins, as well as UAP56 and MOS11. The latter protein is an orthologue of mammalian CIP29. The nuclear export mechanism for viral mRNAs has not been described in plants. To understand this process, we investigated the export of mRNAs of the pararetrovirus CaMV in Arabidopsis and demonstrated that it is inhibited in plants deficient in ALY, MOS11 and/or TEX1. Deficiency for these factors renders plants partially resistant to CaMV infection. Two CaMV proteins, the coat protein P4 and reverse transcriptase P5, are important for nuclear export. P4 and P5 interact and co-localise in the nucleus with the cellular export factor MOS11. The highly structured 5′ leader region of 35S RNAs was identified as an export enhancing element that interacts with ALY1, ALY3 and MOS11 in vitro.
c-kit2 G-quadruplex stabilized via a covalent probe: exploring G-quartet asymmetry
Authors: Peterková Kateřina , Durník Ivo , Marek Radek , Plavec Janez , Podbevšek Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several sequences forming G-quadruplex are highly conserved in regulatory regions of genomes of different organisms and affect various biological processes like gene expression. Diverse G-quadruplex properties can be modulated via their interaction with small polyaromatic molecules such as pyrene. To investigate how pyrene interacts with G-rich DNAs, we incorporated deoxyuridine nucleotide(s) with a covalently attached pyrene moiety (Upy) into a model system that forms parallel G-quadruplex structures. We individually substituted terminal positions and positions in the pentaloop of the c-kit2 sequence originating from the KIT proto-oncogene with Upy and performed a detailed NMR structural study accompanied with molecular dynamic simulations. Our results showed that incorporation into the pentaloop leads to structural polymorphism and in some cases also thermal destabilization. In contrast, terminal positions were found to cause a substantial thermodynamic stabilization while preserving topology of the parent c-kit2 G-quadruplex. Thermodynamic stabilization results from π–π stacking between the polyaromatic core of the pyrene moiety and guanine nucleotides of outer G-quartets. Thanks to the prevalent overall conformation, our structures mimic the G-quadruplex found in human KIT proto-oncogene and could potentially have antiproliferative effects on cancer cells.
Machine Assist for Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Diagnosis: A Multinational Study
Authors: Zhang Michael , Wong Samuel W , Wright Jason N , Toescu Sebastian , Mohammadzadeh Maryam , Han Michelle , Lummus Seth , Wagner Matthias W , Yecies Derek , Lai Hollie , Eghbal Azam , Radmanesh Alireza , Nemelka Jordan , Harward Stephen , Malinzak Michael , Laughlin Suzanne , Perreault Sebastien , Braun Kristina R M , Vossough Arastoo , Poussaint Tina , Goetti Robert , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Ho Chang Y , Oztekin Ozgur , Ramaswamy Vijay , Mankad Kshitij , Vitanza Nicholas A , Cheshier Samuel H , Said Mourad , Aquilina Kristian , Thompson Eric , Jaju Alok , Grant Gerald A , Lober Robert M , Yeom Kristen W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Clinicians and machine classifiers reliably diagnose pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but less accurately distinguish medulloblastoma (MB) from ependymoma (EP). One strategy is to first rule out the most identifiable diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE
To hypothesize a sequential machine-learning classifier could improve diagnostic performance by mimicking a clinician's strategy of excluding PA before distinguishing MB from EP.

METHODS
We extracted 1800 total Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI)-based features from T2- and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images in a multinational cohort of 274 MB, 156 PA, and 97 EP. We designed a 2-step sequential classifier – first ruling out PA, and next distinguishing MB from EP. For each step, we selected the best performing model from 6-candidate classifier using a reduced feature set, and measured performance on a holdout test set with the microaveraged F1 score.

RESULTS
Optimal diagnostic performance was achieved using 2 decision steps, each with its own distinct imaging features and classifier method. A 3-way logistic regression classifier first distinguished PA from non-PA, with T2 uniformity and T1 contrast as the most relevant IBSI features (F1 score 0.8809). A 2-way neural net classifier next distinguished MB from EP, with T2 sphericity and T1 flatness as most relevant (F1 score 0.9189). The combined, sequential classifier was with F1 score 0.9179.

CONCLUSION
An MRI-based sequential machine-learning classifiers offer high-performance prediction of pediatric posterior fossa tumors across a large, multinational cohort. Optimization of this model with demographic, clinical, imaging, and molecular predictors could provide significant advantages for family counseling and surgical planning.
Immunoinflammatory role of apolipoprotein E4 in malnutrition and enteric infections and the increased risk for chronic diseases under adverse environments
Authors: Freitas Raul S , Roque Cássia R , Matos Gabriella A , Belayev Ludmila , de Azevedo Orleâncio G R , Alvarez-Leite Jacqueline I , Guerrant Richard L , Oriá Reinaldo B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. The immunomodulatory functions of the human polymorphic APOE gene have gained particular interest because APOE4, a well-recognized risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, has also been recently linked to increased risk of COVID-19 infection severity in a large UK biobank study. Although much is known about apoE functions in the nervous system, much less is known about APOE polymorphism effects on malnutrition and enteric infections and the consequences for later development in underprivileged environments. In this review, recent findings are summarized of apoE’s effects on intestinal function in health and disease and the role of APOE4 in protecting against infection and malnutrition in children living in unfavorable settings, where poor sanitation and hygiene prevail, is highlighted. The potential impact of APOE4 on later development also is discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified that need to be addressed to protect children's development under adverse environments.
Acute flaccid paralysis in a neonate: tick bite a differential?
Authors: James Vinson , Rajan Jincy , Rajan Shincy 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Tick paralysis is an uncommon, noninfectious, neurologic syndrome characterized by acute ataxia and ascending paralysis mostly seen in children. Early recognition and prompt management with tick removal helps in complete recovery. If untreated, ascending paralysis can lead to respiratory failure and death in 10% of the cases. Tick paralysis is usually considered as a differential in all cases of acute ataxia and generalized weakness in children and adults but seldom in neonates due to its rarity and differences in clinical presentation in the newborn period. In neonates, tick paralysis may present only as generalized weakness and lethargy with poor feeding. Even though tick paralysis is common in children &lt;10 years of age, it has never been reported in a neonate. We report a case of tick bite paralysis in a baby who presented in the neonatal period, and identification of the tick and its removal that helped in rapid recovery.
Chemotherapy taste and bronchospasm: a consequence of a fistula between the superior vena cava and the right main bronchi
Authors: de Oliveira Leite Túlio Fabiano , Pazinato Lucas Vatanabe , da Motta Leal Filho Joaquim Mauricio 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A 56-year-old female patient with upper lobe neoplasia of the right lung and superior vena cava syndrome. The patient complained about the taste of the medications during the chemotherapy sessions. Interventional radiology diagnosed cava-bronchial fistula when it injected contrast into the inferior and superior vena cava.
Orchiepididymitis in the context of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child with Covid-19 from Syria: a very rare presentation for SARS-Cov-19 in children
Authors: Haydar M , Baghdadi S , Taleb M , Al-Dali B , Badr H , Ghanem Y 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still striking the global population affecting all age groups. So far, many clinical features associated with COVID-19 illness remain under-identified, especially atypical manifestations. It is essential to characterize associated rare symptoms to better recognize complications. As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) in severe infection manifesting as a generalized inflammatory reaction and immune response in many body systems, potential involvement of the male urogenital tract by SARS-CoV-2 should be considered.
Herein, we report a case of a pediatric patient with orchiepididymitis associated with COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the importance of considering other manifestations such as genital involvement of MIS-C in children with COVID-19 and highlighting the need to monitor the genitourinary function after infection. Therefore, andrological consultation is necessary to evaluate fertility as a long-term follow-up, especially as the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function are still to be thoroughly researched.
Stay Still’s for POCUS: using bedside ultrasound to screen for cardiac complications
Authors: Choi Justin , Kelly Christopher T , Luk Francis C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Adult Still’s disease (ASD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology most commonly characterized by daily spiking fevers, an evanescent, ‘salmon-colored’ rash, and arthralgia. Cardiac complications such as pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and pericardial effusion progressing to tamponade have been reported. Because of the severe and potentially lethal complications associated with these processes, the clinician’s index of suspicion must remain high and the threshold for cardiac imaging low. Here, we present a case of ASD-associated myocarditis identified quickly by point-of-care ultrasound, allowing for prompt workup and treatment.
The importance of correct radiological diagnosis in (adenoma malignum): a case report
Authors: Shirali Elham , Yarandi Fariba , Izadi Mood Narges , Rahmani Maryam , Ghaemi Marjan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of the cervix otherwise known as adenoma malignum is a rare variation of cervical adenocarcinoma. Radiological evaluation plays a great role to ensure an early diagnosis. Here, we report a 48-year-old woman who was presented with a mucoid vaginal discharge 10 years after a supracervical hysterectomy. Despite normal biopsy and cytology, magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cervix and multiple cervical cysts that considered adenoma malignum as a differential diagnosis. She underwent surgery and the pathology confirmed the adenoma malignum. In conclusion, radiologists, as well as gynecologists, and also pathologists may consider MDA among the differential diagnosis in patients with a vaginal discharge and multicysts in the cervix even after hysterectomy despite normal cytology and biopsy.
Recurrent pulmonary infections as the first presentation of Letterer Siwe disease
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Dib Ghazal , Hassan Fouz 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that affects several organs. The fatal type of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is called Letterer Siwe disease (LSD) which is multisystem with a poor prognosis. Herein, we report a 20-month-old male who was admitted for recurrent pulmonary infections at the age of 10 months. Diagnostic workup revealed a Letterer-Siwe disease. The patient was treated with a good response.
Transcondylar Odontoid Resection and Stabilization for Craniovertebral Degenerative Compression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Non-neoplastic craniovertebral junction lesions are well known with various etiologies.
1,2
They are frequently associated with craniovertebral junction instability. Many require only stabilization for their management.
2
However, when significant irreducible anterior compression is present, surgical decompression becomes necessary.
2-4
The traditional decompression route is direct anterior, such as the transoral, transmaxillary, or endoscopic endonasal approaches with a separate posterior stabilization.
1,2
The transcondylar approach offers a wide and direct exposure to the anterolateral foramen magnum and atlantoaxial space, allowing extensive decompression, total resection of the odontoid, and associated pannus, even with large lateral extension, as well as fusion in the same surgical setting.
5
The surgical manipulation is parallel to the dural sac in the sagittal plane, which could be safer than perpendicular dissection.
5
Understanding the regional anatomy allows safe exposure and transposition of the vertebral artery with the surrounding alveolar and venous plexus (suboccipital cavernous sinus).
5-7
We present this technique's details in a case of a 72-yr-old female who presented with progressively worsening bilateral upper extremity weakness and significant anterior compression due to irreducible odontoid degenerative changes. We demonstrate the steps necessary to achieve adequate exposure and decompression. The patient agreed to the surgical intervention.
Images at 2:46, 3:00, and 3:25 reused from Al-Mefty et al,
5
by permission from JNSPG.
Images at 9:28 from Symonds et al,
3
by permission of Oxford University Press.
Image at 2:15, © Ossama Al-Mefty, used with permission.