bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex processing of plant raw materials for furfural and glucose production
Authors: Loginova I V , Kharina M V , Kanarskaya Z A , Meshcheryakova M N , Dubkova N Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data on the dynamics of furfural yield from wheat straw, corn cobs, birch sawdust, oat husk and sugar beet pulp in a narrow temperature range (180 – 190 ° C) were obtained. Low-concentrated solutions of sulfuric and phosphoric acids were used. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic residues was conducted. It was shown that the maximum yield of glucose in birch sawdust was 21.8%, in the corn cobs 18.6%, in wheat straw 19.4%, in sugar beet pulp 15.8 % of absolutely dry substance respectively.
Justification of transport and logistics routes for the movement of natural resources in order to minimize the impact on the environment
Authors: Medvedev S O , Mokhirev A P , Zyryanov M A , Lyshko A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resolving environmental issues is one of the most important challenges facing the world community. The modern development of industry, on the contrary, tends to maximize the negative impact on nature. The growth of productive forces in Russia is increasingly aimed at the removal of natural resources, which is associated with a negative impact on nature. At the same time, a negative impact is exerted through the abandonment of vast territories contaminated with waste and the results of production activities, as well as the transportation of seized resources to processing sites. The work shows that in order to minimize the impact on the environment, waste should be maximally involved in the production process, and transportation should be carried out by the most optimal routes. As a result of the study, an algorithm for solving the problem of using various natural resources in order to minimize the impact on the environment has been developed, and the stages of working with natural raw materials in order to minimize the impact on the environment and their potential effectiveness are presented.
Paleopalinological survey of soils of the European north-east of Russia having complex organic profile
Authors: Shikhova L N , Filimonova A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The genesis of the soils having second humus horizon in the North-East of the European part of Russia was considered in the paper. The theory of the relict origin of the second humus horizon in sod-podzolic soils was confirmed on the basis of paleopalynological analysis. Data of paleopalinological study of sod-podzolic soils with complex organic profile are presented. In these soils, the remains of the relict humus horizon, which formed in the warmer Atlantic period of the Holocene under broad-leaved forests, have been preserved. It was revealed that despite the significant degree of destruction of the relict horizon, paleomorphs (pollen and plant spores) were preserved in it, which formed phytocenoses of broad-leaved forests. During the optimal period of the Holocene, the northern boundary of the spread of phytocenoses of coniferous-deciduous forests within the borders of the modern Kirov region of Russia presumably passed north of 58 degrees north latitude. Currently, in the region, broad-leaved forests in natural conditions have been preserved south of 56 degrees north latitude. The results will clarify the species composition of vegetation and the history of landscape development in the Kirov region of Russia in the Holocene.
Suggestions for mainstreaming agro-climatic zone of the subject in order to assess the integrated land quality indicator
Authors: Sergeeva V A , Shirina N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of the studies are presented, during which it was found that in recent years the Russian Federation constituent entity climatic conditions have changed significantly. This is confirmed by the data provided by the Roshydromet and the given calculations. All this influenced the agroecological potential, which is involved in assessing the integrated agricultural land quality indicator. A climatic indicators comprehensive study result was the three agro-climatic zones identification on the subject territory with agroecological potential 8.1-9.2. The basis for identifying new agro-climatic assessment zones was the change in the agroecological potential indicator by 0.5 units or more. The above calculations confirm the assumption about the subject zoning the territory possibility into the three zones. A territory new zoning is proposed, and, consequently, the agroecological potential new values.
Agrochemical objectivation of corn root residues accumulation using different methods of soil treatment and fertilizer doses
Authors: Litsukov S D , Kotlyarova E G , Kuznetsova L N , Akinchin A V , Linkov S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil treatment and fertilization influenced the amount of root residues in the soil. The greatest amount of root residues mass was obtained by plowing and ranged from 4.45 t/ha in the control to 5.06 t/ha in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. For all treatments, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on root residues accumulation, their maximum accumulation was obtained in the variant N130P130K130 + N100 and amounted to 4.67 - 5.06 t/ha. For all processing methods, the highest load of corn root residues is in the 0-10 cm layer. On average over the years of research maize for silage left in a grain-row crop rotation in a soil layer of 0-30 cm on the control for plowing 22.3 kg/ha of nitrogen, 2.8 kg/ha of phosphorus and 7.0 kg/ha of potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rates (NPK) 70 and (NPK) 140 increased these indicators respectively to 28.0-30.2; 3.8-3.9 and 10.9-11.6 kg/ha. Organic fertilizers in the third year of aftereffect practically did not change the amount of nutrients accumulation in comparison with the unfertilized option. Using organo-mineral fertilization system nitrogen remained in the soil with a root mass of 28.0-28.9 kg/ha, phosphorus 4.1-4.2 and 10.9-11.3 kg/ha of potassium. A similar pattern was observed in the variants with soil cultivation without seam turnover and in the variant with the aftereffect of manure after shallow cultivation significantly less nutrients were accumulated compared to plowing. So, on plowed plots there was more nitrogen by 1.8 kg/ha, by 0.4 kg/ha phosphorus and by 0.7 kg/ha potassium. The methods of basic soil treatment in this crop rotation did not have a significant effect on the nutrients’ accumulation.
Geomorphological engineering studies of anthropogenic variability of relief in the marine coastal zone
Authors: Grinfeldt Yu S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the development of the coastal zone and the development of the urbanization process, coastal engineering poses a serious threat to local ecosystems. Poorly designed coastal engineering will have irreversible consequences for local ecosystems, such as loss of biodiversity, loss of connectivity and overall degradation of ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the concept of ecosystem design of coastal infrastructure. One of the most important problems of marine engineering geomorphology is the drift of approach channels and changes in the coastal relief. These phenomena are a manifestation of a single process of sediment movement along the coast. The main deformations of the relief, as a rule, are determined by the features of the transverse structure of the alongshore sediment flow. This study discussed the methodology for calculating the movement of sediments, the transformation of the relief of the coastal zone. Regional examples show in general terms the assessment of the drift rate of different channels and different sections of individual channels. The problem of drift and artificial deepening of approach channels of ports is highlighted on the example of the coastal zones of the Baltic Sea. In general, these studies can contribute to improving the development of ecosystem coastal engineering.
Limestone and slaked lime influence physical and chemical modelling on the mixed mineral fertilizers components activity
Authors: Podshivalova A K , Butorina N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A binary systems’ components mutual influence thermodynamic assessment containing limestone or slaked lime in a mixture with nitrogen-containing, potassium-containing and phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers has been carried out. The systems under study the following indicators were taken into account: the Gibbs system energy, the corresponding components chemical potentials, the solution components amount, the evolved gases amount, the solution pH, and the system redox potential. The results obtained made it possible to conclude an increase in the oxygen chemical activity in systems containing limestone and slaked lime. At the same time, the slaked lime introduction gives an increasing oxygen activity significantly greater effect than the limestone introduction. The maximum effect concerning an increase in oxygen activity is achieved with the limestone and slaked lime introduction in doses of approximately 2 t/ha in the mixed mineral fertilizers’ composition. The phosphorus activity increases with calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide increasing amounts in mixtures. The potassium activity is lower than that of phosphorus. Nitrogen has the lowest activity, which is possibly due to the low-activity gaseous nitrogen present in the system, although, as shown by the simulation results, there is its transformation thermodynamic probability into a nitrate ion. Binary mixtures based on calcium carbonate have a higher oxidation potential in comparison with calcium hydroxide.
Chemical and analytical properties of zeolite-containing rocks, poultry farm waste and their composite mixtures
Authors: Zubkova T V , Motyleva S M , Dubrovina O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The comparative mineral composition of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye field, poultry farm waste and composite mixtures with poultry farm waste has been carried out. The authors investigated the chemical and analytical properties of 3 variants of composite mixtures in relation to the waste of a poultry farm: zeolite - 45:55; 90:55; 180: 55. The method of spectrophotometry was the first to determine the chemical properties of zeolite samples and composite mixtures - antioxidant activity (inhibition of 0.025% DPPH solution, λ-517nm) in aqueous and alcoholic (carbinol) extracts; the sum of phenolic compounds (by the Folin-Chocalteu method, λ-750), and absorption spectra in the UV and visible spectral regions. The content of the main nutrients - Na, Mg, P, K Ca, Zn and Mo in the waste samples of the poultry farm is 15; 6, 21; 3.6; 14; 5.5 and 3.9 times higher, respectively, then in zeolite samples. And the use of composite mixtures contributes to the creation of fertilizers with specified parameters in terms of mineral composition.
Analysis of the properties of active dyes
Authors: Nikolaeva N V , Gribkova V A , Vasilievich N V , Sunaeva S G , Skrylnikova O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The range of active dyes used for dyeing materials made of natural plant fibers includes about a thousand brands belonging to more than 50 groups all over the world. Among them, bifunctional active dyes are of research and practical interest. They allow to obtain intense and durable bright color scheme due to their chemical specificity. Also they save not only the dye itself, but a number of additional textile auxiliary substances, which in turn is favorably affects the environmental performance of the dyeing process. The authors present in the article the analysis of experimental data, which make it possible to obtain or verify chemical, physicochemical and coloristic indicators of the properties of mono-, bi- and polyfunctional active dyes. Conclusions are made on the dependence of these indicators in the process of dyeing textile materials according to several technologies most often used in finishing production.
The use of phosphoric acid waste product for calcium sulfide production
Authors: Medennikov O A , Shabelskaya N P , Gaidukova Yu A , Astakhova M N , Chernysheva G M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article studies the technological features of calcium sulfide production from phosphogypsum. To ensure the environmental safety of industrial enterprises, closed production cycles creation is necessary. One of the criteria for “green” technologies is industrial waste recycling. Phosphogypsum formed during the orthophosphoric acid production from apatite raw materials by sulfuric acid method can be classified as large-tonnage waste. Phosphogypsum can be considered a mineral with zero mining costs and zero feedstock to produce valuable products. The synthesized materials are characterized using a complex of modern methods such as X-ray phase analysis, and electron microscopy. An environmentally friendly precursor, sucrose, is used as a reducing agent for calcium sulfate. The recovered material is a mixture of calcium sulfate and sulfide. When illuminated with ultraviolet light, it glows yellow-orange. The article presents an integrated approach to the problem of phosphoric acid production waste disposal by marketable products production.
Control of the stability of the results of studies of cadmium content using the method of additions in cow’s milk samples
Authors: Rebezov M B , Kudryavtseva T M , Meshcheryakova G V , Derkho M A , Shakirova S S , Gumenyuk O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need to use hardware to cover a wide range in the determination of toxic elements (heavy metals) in food. The primary and important task is to ensure control of the quantitative content of cadmium, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of milk for the content of cadmium, obtained by stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry by assessing the precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions, are satisfactory. The implementation of the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry achieves the best precision of research results in the testing laboratory, both under repeatability conditions and under conditions of intermediate precision. The results obtained indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of cow’s milk, prevail (42.2%) over other ranges (during monitoring). The least registered sample results are (1.4%) with the range of obtained data - 0.01-0.05 mg/kg.
Experimental studies on the evaluation of ultrasonic effects on the structure, composition and nutrition of sunflower husks
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Miroshnikov S A , Duskaev G K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, the bulk of the sun generated in the food and processing industry (about 70%) is supplied to agriculture unchanged, and more than 10% is not used at all. The volume of aircraft waste annually in Russia is about 3.0 million tons and the problem of their use requires serious attention, since the content of dry substances in them is about 5-10%, they are very unstable during storage, quickly sour, ferment, losing valuable components and polluting the environment. Storing them in this state is possible only for 2-3 days. Therefore, it is undoubtedly relevant and necessary to increase the degree and depth of processing of raw materials, the complexity of its use, more complete extraction of valuable components from it with the use of progressive environmentally friendly technologies. The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orenburg State University”. In the course of the work, laboratory studies were carried out to assess the effect of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks on the chemical properties. Based on the studies carried out, it can be noted that the most pronounced changes in the chemical composition of sunflower husks are observed at pH3. So after processing in an acidic environment, the content of crude fiber is 35-40%, while the digestibility increases to 53.6%. In an alkaline medium, these values were on average 5-10% lower than in an acidic medium. The depth of interaction of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks depends on the exposure time, temperature and ultrasound intensity. It is technologically expedient to carry out cavitation treatment with the following parameters: hydromolule 1:3, medium temperature from 40 to 60 °C, time 15-20 minutes, ultrasound intensity 0.3-0.35 kW.
Main aspects of liquefied natural gas process line thermal and hydraulic calculations
Authors: Karyakina E D , Shammazov I A , Shalygin A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth of liquefied natural gas consumption makes the issues of its transportation more urgent. At present, liquefied natural gas pipeline transportation is carried out only by means of short length process lines. This paper discusses the main features of cryogenic liquids pipeline transportation that obstruct its spread. The proposed model allows to carry out thermal and hydraulic calculations of an underground cryogenic pipeline. The distinctive feature of this model is the fact that it takes into account the changes in basic thermodynamic parameters of cryogenic liquid. The model is based on the Darcy-Weisbach equation and a differential heat transfer equation. In addition, the influence of the Joule-Thomson coefficient inversion on the temperature of the pumping cryogenic liquid was discussed. The comparative analysis of the pipeline construction efficiency made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and AISI 321 steel was conducted. It was found that the use of polymer materials contributes to an increase in the transportation distance. The developed model can be applied for estimation of the transportation parameters change of single-phase fluid flow. The obtained results can be used in initial analysis of the process lines designing and construction.
Ecological activity area formation of an industrial enterprise: applied aspects
Authors: Gavrilov O E , Eremeeva S S , Karaganova N G , Kazakov A V , Mironov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Environmental problems aggravation in Russian regions and especially in urbanized areas is associated with an increased load on the environment from industrial enterprises and various types of transport. At present, any enterprise that uses natural resources is a powerful source of environmental pollution the impact of which can be reduced only with the complete greening of production and the implementation of environmental strategies. One of the strategic directions for city or region ecological safety formation can be the study of ecological activity area formation of an industrial enterprise as an indicator of increasing the ecological efficiency of its environmental protection activities, directions and prospects for reducing the harmful effect on all the main natural components.
Monitoring the stability of the results of studies of chilled river fish for cadmium content using the method of additions
Authors: Cherkasova E I , Rebezov M B , Shariati M A , Kharybina M M , Muradova Z V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results obtained indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of river fish prevails (43.3%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results (4.3%) with the range of obtained data - 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need to encompass a broad spectrum in the determination of cadmium in river fish in hardware. The primary and important task remains to ensure control of the quantitative content of cadmium, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of chilled river fish for the content of cadmium, obtained by the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry, to assess the precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions are satisfactory. The implementation of the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry achieves the best precision of research results in the testing laboratory, both under repeatability conditions and under conditions of intermediate precision.
Influence of well watercut on pumping parameters
Authors: Shatskaya L A , Kichigina A A , Kochetkov N E , Samoylov V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the impact of well watercutting on the reliability of field pipelines and pumping parameters. As a result of the analysis of statistical data on the number of accidents over the last 9 years, it has been established that the main part of accidents is associated with high watercut oil. Besides, approaching the value of the volume fraction of water in the emulsion to a critical one can lead to a pressure drop beyond the standard values. The article deals with the impact of well watercut on the reliability of field pipelines and pumping parameters. As a result of the analysis of statistics on the number of accidents over the past 9 years, it has been established that the main share of accidents is associated with high watercut of well products. Its high content is the reason for intense corrosion and erosion wear of pipe material, which leads to formation of in-pipe corrosion zones and, as a result, pipeline leaks.
Monte Carlo method for modelling the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene
Authors: Antonova I O , Dmitricheva R R , Bronskaya V V , Manuyko G V , Kharitonova O S , Balzamov D S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is the algorithm of modelling the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene in the medium of methyl chloride. This algorithm is based on the Monte Carlo method. The algorithm allows to perform simulations with a large value of the statistical ensemble at a saleable using of computer time. Whereby, the following reactions are modelled: initiation, chain growth and chain transfer to the monomer. In the process of work, the program calculates the dependence of the concentrations of all reagents on the polymerization time: active centres, monomers and chain transfer agents. The result of the calculation is the molecular-weight distribution curve.
Assessment of living ground cover under the influence of logging activities in the taiga zone
Authors: Pilipko E N , Zarubina L V , Kharchenko N N , Smirnov S A , Geraimovich A O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The influence of logging activities on the taiga ecosystems of the North-West is ambiguous. As a result of clear felling, tree and shrub vegetation is destroyed, which subsequently, as a result of a sharp change in environmental factors, makes a fundamental change in the biodiversity of the living ground cover. There is a complete change of botanical forest species that are part of the living ground cover for the species diversity characteristic of open landscapes. The overgrowth of clearings with grasses and undergrowths occurs depending on the typological characteristics of the felled stand and the season of the felling year. The subsequent overgrowth of clearings with herbaceous vegetation depends not only on the species composition of reforestation species, but also on various natural conditions - the features of the relief, climatic, soil and hydrological conditions. Therefore, the process of restoration of felling areas is not always positive. In order to ensure rational, sustainable and sustainable forest management, it is necessary for timber industry organizations and specialists of the forestry complex to use various measures prescribed in the “Methodological Recommendations for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Timber Harvesting in the Vologda Region”.