bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and damping rate of Langmuir wave in space plasma with regularized Kappa distributed electrons
Authors: LIU Yong , CHEN Xu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dispersion of Langmuir wave (LW) in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma with regularized Kappa distributed electrons is investigated from the kinetic theory. The frequency and damping rate of LW are analyzed for the parameters relating to the source region of a type III solar radio burst. It is found that the linear behavior of LW is greatly modified by the suprathermal index κ and the exponential cutoff parameter α. In the region κ < 1.5, the damping rate of LW will be much larger than the one with Maxwellian distributed electrons. Hence, the nonlinear process of LW in low κ region may exhibit different properties in comparison with the one in large κ region.
Transmission characteristics of terahertz Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab
Authors: LI Haiying , TONG Jiachen , DING Wei , XU Bin , BAI Lu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The transmission of terahertz (THz) Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab is investigated by using a hybrid method of cylindrical vector wave functions (CVWFs) and Fourier transform. On the basis of the electromagnetic boundary conditions on each interface, a cascade form of expansion coefficients of the reflected and transmitted fields is obtained. Taking a double Gaussian distribution of the plasma density as an example, the influences of the applied magnetic field, the incident angle and polarization mode of the incident beams on the magnitude, OAM mode and polarization of the transmitted beams are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the applied magnetic field has a major effect upon the polarization state of the transmitted fields but not upon the transmitted OAM spectrum. The incident angle has a powerful influence upon both the amplitude profile and the OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam. Furthermore, for multiple coaxial vortex beams, an increase of the maximum value of the plasma density causes more remarkable distortion of both the profile and OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam. This research makes a stable foundation for the THz OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing technology in a magnetized plasma environment.
Physical properties of mesoporous scoria and pumice volcanic rocks
Authors: Alraddadi Shoroog , Assaedi Hasan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition, crystal structure, texture properties, and thermal properties of five powdered samples of scoria and pumice volcanic rock from different Harrats were investigated. It was observed that volcanic rocks show variations in chemical compositions, crystal structure, texture, and thermal properties. All samples comprised SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 as the major elements and contained both amorphous and crystalline phases. Textural parameters such as surface area and porosity were determined using various calculation models. The surface area of scoria samples was between 0.85 and 1.71 m2 g−1 (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Single point model), 0.293–1.028 m2 g−1 (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda model), and 1.02–2.35 m2 g−1 (Langmuir model). While for pumice, the calculated values of the surface area were 1.67 m2 g−1 (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Single point model), 0.763 m2 g−1 (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda model), and 2.24 m2 g−1 (Langmuir model). The adsorption-desorption isotherm curves reveal that the scoria and pumice particles under study have mesoporous sizes between 7.89 and 9.81 nm, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of scoria and pumice samples illustrate a thermally stable material at high temperatures. TGA results show a weight gain by about 1.0% has been observed in the scoria samples in the region beyond 600 °C that may indicate a probable oxidation phenomenon with a change in color. While the DSC results of the red scoria and pumice did not show any recrystallization or oxidation, but only showed a small loss of weight in the TGA result. The diversity in molecular composition, texture, and structure of scoria and pumice volcanic rock samples provide for promising natural stable mesoporous materials that can be used in various mesoporous technologies or applications such as solar cells.
Realization of pitch-rotational torque wrench in two-beam optical tweezers
Authors: Lokesh Muruga , Vaippully Rahul , Bhallamudi Vidya P , Prabhakar Anil , Roy Basudev 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
3D Pitch (out-of-plane) rotational motion has been generated in spherical particles by maneuvering the laser spots of holographic optical tweezers. However, since the spherical particles, which are required to minimise drag are perfectly isotropic, a controllable torque cannot be applied with it. It remains free to spin about any axis even after moving the tweezers beams. It is here that we trap birefringent particles of about 3 μm diameter in two tweezers beams and then change the depth of one of the beam foci controllably to generate a pitch rotational torque-wrench and avoid the free spinning of the particle. We also detect the rotation with newly developed pitch motion detection technique and apply controlled torques on the particle.
Vitamin K dietary intake is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Mediterranean population
Authors: Camacho-Barcia Lucía , García-Gavilán Jesús , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Galié Serena , Corella Dolores , Cuenca-Royo Aida , Romaguera Dora , Vioque Jesús , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M , Wärnberg Julia , Martínez J Alfredo , Serra-Majem Luís , Estruch Ramón , Bernal-López M Rosa , Lapetra José , Pintó Xavier , Tur Josep A , Garcia-Rios Antonio , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel , Matía-Martín Pilar , Daimiel Lidia , Martín-Sánchez Vicente , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Ros Emilio , Canela Miguel Ruiz , Sorlí Jose V , de la Torre Rafael , Konieczna Jadwiga , Oncina-Cánovas Alejandro , Tojal-Sierra Lucas , Pérez-López Jessica , Abete Itziar , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena , Casas Rosa , Muñoz-Garach Araceli , Santos-Lozano José Manuel , Bouzas Cristina , Razquin Cristina , Martínez-Lacruz Raúl , Castañer Olga , Yañez Aina M , Valls-Enguix Rafael , Belló-Mora Maria Concepción , Basterra-Gortari Javier , Basora Josep , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Bulló Mònica 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
In the last years, evidence that dietary vitamin K could have a role in the cognitive domain has increased. However, data from large trials are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the association of 2 year changes in the dietary intake of vitamin K with cognitive function measured through neuropsychological performance tests.

Methods
In 5,533 participants of the multicentre PREDIMED-Plus study (48.1% women, age 65.1 ± 4.9 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome), we assessed the adjusted odds ratios of cognitive function decline according to 2 year changes in vitamin K intake. Participants answered a battery of cognitive function tests and Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) in order to estimate the vitamin K dietary intake.

Results
After adjusting for potential cofounders, the highest tertile of change of dietary vitamin K intake (median [IQR]; 194.4 μg/d [120.9, 373.1]) was inversely associated with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤24 (OR [95% CI]; 0.53 [0.35, 0.79] P for trend = 0.002) compared with a decrease in the intake of vitamin K (median [IQR]; −97.8 μg/d [−292.8, −51.5]). A significant positive association between changes in dietary vitamin K intake and the semantic verbal fluency test scores (OR [95% CI]; 0.69 [0.51, 0.94] P for trend = 0.019) was found.

Conclusions
An increase of the intake of dietary vitamin K was associated with better cognitive function scores, independently of recognised risk factors for cognitive decline, in an older adult Mediterranean population with high cardiovascular risk.
Opioids and the Workplace Prevention and Response Train-the-Trainer and Leadership Training Mixed Methods Follow-up Evaluation
Authors: Persaud Eric , Weinstock Deborah , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of a national summer 2020 ‘Opioids and the Workplace’ Prevention and Response (OWPR) Train-the-Trainer (TTT) and Leadership training tool and program at 6-month follow-up. The TTT program goal is to help instructors plan and conduct education and training on opioids and the workplace awareness. The Leadership program goal is to help trainees, who are in a position to take organizational level actions, implement policies, and programs related to opioid and substance use and injury prevention.

Methods
Trainees were from various backgrounds, such as labor unions, academic consortiums, health and safety professionals, government, and community organizations. About 6 months following each individual course date a follow-up survey was sent to each available participants’ e-mail (n = 53 TTT, n = 28 Leadership) with a response rate of 47.2% for the TTT (n = 25) and 63.2% for Leadership (n = 12). Trainees were asked about individual or workplace level actions taken; any obstacles that prevented them or their coworkers from being involved in or conducting activities; if the OWPR training tool was used in their workplace for a training program; and whether the pandemic impacted their ability to address opioids in the workplace.

Results
Among TTT trainees, about half of follow-up survey respondents from the 2020 training reported planning and conducting training and education, reaching out to coworkers to see how they are doing, sharing factsheets and information from the opioid training with coworkers, and re-focusing on self-care. Among Leadership trainees, about two-fifths of follow-up survey respondents from the 2020 training reported sharing factsheets and information from the opioid training. Some trainees described the COVID-19 pandemic as limiting their ability to take actions in addressing opioids and the workplace.

Conclusions
Evidence supports that the ‘Opioids and the Workplace’ Train-the-Trainer program and materials have contributed to helping trainees plan and conduct opioids awareness training at their organizations. Evidence supports that the Opioids in the Workplace Leadership program helped contribute to trainees taking workplace level actions to implement policies and programs.
Cryo-shift: reducing domain shift in cryo-electron subtomograms with unsupervised domain adaptation and randomization
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Hmrishav , Deng Zihao , Ding Leiting , Liu Sinuo , Uddin Mostofa Rafid , Zeng Xiangrui , Behpour Sima , Xu Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivationCryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET) is a 3D imaging technology that enables the visualization of subcellular structures in situ at near-atomic resolution. Cellular cryo-ET images help in resolving the structures of macromolecules and determining their spatial relationship in a single cell, which has broad significance in cell and structural biology. Subtomogram classification and recognition constitute a primary step in the systematic recovery of these macromolecular structures. Supervised deep learning methods have been proven to be highly accurate and efficient for subtomogram classification, but suffer from limited applicability due to scarcity of annotated data. While generating simulated data for training supervised models is a potential solution, a sizeable difference in the image intensity distribution in generated data as compared with real experimental data will cause the trained models to perform poorly in predicting classes on real subtomograms.ResultsIn this work, we present Cryo-Shift, a fully unsupervised domain adaptation and randomization framework for deep learning-based cross-domain subtomogram classification. We use unsupervised multi-adversarial domain adaption to reduce the domain shift between features of simulated and experimental data. We develop a network-driven domain randomization procedure with ‘warp’ modules to alter the simulated data and help the classifier generalize better on experimental data. We do not use any labeled experimental data to train our model, whereas some of the existing alternative approaches require labeled experimental samples for cross-domain classification. Nevertheless, Cryo-Shift outperforms the existing alternative approaches in cross-domain subtomogram classification in extensive evaluation studies demonstrated herein using both simulated and experimental data.Availabilityand implementationhttps://github.com/xulabs/aitom.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Development of an eDNA metabarcoding tool for surveying the world’s largest amphibian
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Ping , Chang Jiang , Li Cheng , Xie Feng , Jiang Jianping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to the overexploitation of farming, as well as habitat destruction, the wild population of Chinese giant salamander (CGS) Andrias davidianus, a species with seven genetically distinct lineages, has decreased by over 80% in the past 70 years. Traditional survey methods have proven to be unsuitable for finding this rare and elusive species. We evaluated the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling to detect CGS indirectly from its aquatic environment. We developed several species-specific primer sets; validated their specificity and sensitivity; and assessed their utility in silico, in the laboratory, and at two field sites harboring released farm-bred CGS. We detected the presence of CGS DNA by using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. We also sequenced an amplicon mixture of seven haplotype-represented samples using high-throughput sequencing. Our eDNA methods could detect the presence of CGS at moderate densities reported across its range, proving them as a cost-effective way to establish broad-scale patterns of occupancy for CGS. In addition, our primers enabled the detection of mitochondrial lineage mixture or introduced individuals from geographically isolated populations of CGS.
Anogenital Crohn’s Disease and Granulomatosis: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Authors: Honap Sailish , Meade Susanna , Spencer Ashley , Pavlidis Polychronis , Luber Raphael P , Calonje Eduardo , Rashidghamat Ellie , Bunker Christopher B , Lewis Fiona , Irving Peter M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Metastatic Crohn’s disease is an extraintestinal cutaneous manifestation characterised by non-specific inflammatory lesions anatomically separate from the gut; genital involvement is rare. We conducted a systematic review of anogenital Crohn’s disease and granulomatosis, to provide a synthesis of epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database from inception to December 1, 2020. Two investigators extracted and analysed study data. Response and remission were defined as partial improvement or complete resolution of symptoms and examination findings, respectively.

Results
Of 9381 screened studies, 185 articles, [410 cases: 273 female, 137 male] were included. The predominant clinical features were oedema, ulcers, fissures, and hypertrophic lesions. Adults and children present similarly. Luminal Crohn’s disease was diagnosed in nearly 80% of cases including 45–80% patients without gastrointestinal symptoms (time to inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] from anogenital Crohn’s disease diagnosis [range] –43 to 11 years). Antibiotics, corticosteroids, thiopurines, and anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy were the most frequently prescribed agents. At final follow-up, non-response, response, and remission rates were 37/304 [12%], 267/304 [88%], and 114/304 [38%], respectively. Oedema was associated with a poor response to topical therapy. Greater response rates to anti-TNF therapy were seen in patients prescribed concomitant immunomodulation [24/25, 96% vs 67/90, 74%, p = 0.02].

Conclusions
We provide an illustrative summary of the clinical presentation and treatment effectiveness of this rare, under-recognised condition, and a proposed algorithm for approach and management. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are required to define optimal treatment strategies.
Beyond Short-Term Learning Gains: the Impact of Outsourcing Schools in Liberia After Three Years
Authors: Romero Mauricio , Sandefur Justin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of 0.18$\sigma$ after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching 0.2$\sigma$ after three years). Beyond learning gains, the programme reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse. Despite facing similar contracts and settings, some providers produced uniformly positive results, while others presented trade-offs between learning gains, access to education, child safety, and financial sustainability.
A motor independent requirement for dynein light chain inCaenorhabditis elegansmeiotic synapsis
Authors: Fielder Sara M , Kent Tori , Ling Huiping , Gleason Elizabeth J , Kelly William G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dynein motor complex is thought to aid in homolog pairing in many organisms by moving chromosomes within the nuclear periphery to promote and test homologous interactions. This precedes synaptonemal complex (SC) formation during homolog synapsis, which stabilizes homolog proximity during recombination. We observed that depletion of the dynein light chain (DLC-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans irreversibly prevents synapsis, causing an increase in off-chromatin formation of SC protein foci with increasing temperature. This requirement for DLC-1 is independent of its function in dynein motors, as SYP protein foci do not form with depletion of other dynein motor components. In contrast to normal SC-related structures, foci formed with DLC-1 depletion are resistant to dissolution with 1,6-hexanediol, similar to aggregates of SC proteins formed in high growth temperatures. Dynein light chains have been shown to act as hub proteins that interact with other proteins through a conserved binding motif. We identified a similar DLC-1 binding motif in the C. elegans SC protein SYP-2, and mutation of the putative motif causes meiosis defects that are exacerbated by elevated temperatures. We propose that DLC-1 acts as a pre-synapsis chaperone-like factor for SYP proteins to help regulate their self-association prior to the signals for SC assembly, a role that is revealed by its increased essentiality at elevated temperatures.
The Role of Dementia Diagnostic Delay in the Inverse Cancer–Dementia Association
Authors: Hayes-Larson Eleanor , Shaw Crystal , Ackley Sarah F , Zimmerman Scott C , Glymour M Maria , Graff Rebecca E , Witte John S , Kobayashi Lindsay C , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Cancer is inversely associated with dementia. Using simulations, we examined whether this inverse association may be explained by dementia diagnosis timing, including death before dementia diagnosis and differential diagnosis patterns by cancer history.

Methods
We used multistate Markov simulation models to generate cohorts 65 years of age and free of cancer and dementia at baseline; follow-up for incident cancer (all cancers, breast, prostate, and lung cancer), dementia, dementia diagnosis among those with dementia, and death occurred monthly over 30 years. Models specified no true effect of cancer on dementia, and used age-specific transition rates calibrated to U.S. population and cohort data. We varied the average lapse between dementia onset and diagnosis, including nondifferential and differential delays by cancer history, and examined observed incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the effect of cancer on dementia diagnosis.

Results
Nondifferential dementia diagnosis delay introduced minimal bias (IRRs = 0.98–1.02) for all cancer, breast, and prostate models and substantial bias (IRR = 0.78) in lung cancer models. For the differential dementia diagnosis delay model of all cancer types combined, simulation scenarios with ≥20% lower dementia diagnosis rate (additional 4.5-month delay) in those with cancer history versus without yielded results consistent with literature estimates. Longer dementia diagnosis delays in those with cancer and higher mortality in those with cancer and dementia yielded more bias.

Conclusions
Delays in dementia diagnosis may play a role in the inverse cancer–dementia relationship, especially for more fatal cancers, but moderate differential delays in those with cancer were needed to fully explain the literature-reported IRRs.
Emerging Adult Caregivers: Quality of Contact, Ageism, and Future Caregiving
Authors: Canell Anastasia E , Caskie Grace I L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMore emerging adults (18–25 years) are performing caregiving tasks for older adults, yet minimal research has examined how the quality of this experience may inform their willingness to provide care again in the future. Based on an intergroup contact theory framework, this study examined whether quality of contact moderated the relationship between ageist attitudes and willingness to be a caregiver at age 50.Research Design and MethodsA sample of 248 emerging adults (mean age = 23.29) providing informal care to an older adult (aged 65+) completed survey measures online. Regression analysis with interaction terms was utilized to test study hypotheses.ResultsQuality of contact moderated the relationship between ageism and willingness to provide instrumental and nursing care in the future. As quality of contact decreased, overt ageist attitudes became more strongly related to less willingness to provide care, and ambivalent ageist attitudes became more strongly related to greater willingness to provide care.Discussion and ImplicationsCaregiving during emerging adulthood may weaken the relationship between overt ageist attitudes on future caregiving intentions, especially when quality of contact is high, which is consistent with intergroup contact theory. Emerging adult caregivers may have a greater willingness to provide care in the future if supports focused on increasing quality of contact and emphasizing the strengths of the older adult population.