bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slab Folding and Surface Deformation of the Iran Mobile Belt
Authors: Boutoux Alexandre , Briaud Arthur , Faccenna Claudio , Ballato Paolo , Rossetti Federico , Blanc Eric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBack‐arc regions are usually punctuated by pulses of tectonic deformation, lasting for few tens of millions of years. Yet, the origin of those short‐lived deformation episodes is disputed. Here, we compile structural, stratigraphic, geochemical, and geochronological data from Iran and we combine them with a kinematic reconstruction to show that the back‐arc region of the Central Neotethys subduction zone was affected by alternating pulses of extension and compression, linked to episodes of trench retreat and advance, respectively. To back‐up these observations and investigate the causes of such a trench behavior, we run 2D numerical models exploring (i) the dynamics of subduction into a viscously stratified mantle, and (ii) the deep slab deformation induced by mineral phase changes at the mantle transition zone. Our results indicate that episodes of trench retreat and trench advance, like those observed in the Central Neotethys domain, emerge spontaneously by slab folding, and penetration into the mantle transition zone. We propose a coupled mantle‐surface tectonic evolution model of the Central Neotethys slab that reconciles back‐arc deformation and short‐lived pulses of upper‐plate vertical motion in a unique, dynamically self‐consistent model of deep mantle subduction.
Crustal and Mantle Deformation Inherited From Obduction of the Semail Ophiolite (Oman) and Continental Collision (Zagros)
Authors: Pilia S. , Kaviani A. , Searle M. P. , Arroucau P. , Ali M. Y. , Watts A. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA common deviation from typical subduction models occurs when thrust sheets of oceanic crust and upper‐mantle rocks are emplaced over more buoyant continental lithosphere. The archetypal example of ophiolite obduction is the Semail ophiolite in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)‐Oman orogenic belt, formed and obducted onto the Arabian continental margin during the Late Cretaceous. The Strait of Hormuz syntaxis, the northern extent of the UAE‐Oman mountains, marks the transition from ocean‐continent convergence in the Gulf of Oman to continental collision along the Zagros Mountains. Based on new seismic data from a focused recording network, we infer continental crustal and mantle deformation in the northeastern corner of the Arabian plate (including the southern Zagros and the UAE‐Oman mountains), using observations from anisotropic tomography and shear‐wave splitting (SWS) measurements. We recover a change of ∼90° (from approximately WNW to nearly NS) in the axis of fast‐anisotropic orientations in the crust from the Zagros to the UAE‐Oman mountain belt, consistent with the dominant strike of the orogenic belts. We also find evidence in our SWS parameters for localized fossil deformation in the lithospheric mantle underlying the UAE‐Oman mountain range, possibly related to stress‐induced tectonism triggered by north‐east oriented underthrusting of the proto‐Arabian continental margin beneath the overriding Semail ophiolite. Shear‐wave‐splitting anisotropy orientations along two transects across the northern Musandam peninsula, averaging 15° anticlockwise from the north, provide the first geophysical verification of previous geological evidence that suggests a NE polarity of the Late Cretaceous Oman subduction zone system.
Advancing Space‐Time Simulation of Random Fields: From Storms to Cyclones and Beyond
Authors: Papalexiou Simon Michael , Serinaldi Francesco , Porcu Emilio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRealistic stochastic simulation of hydro‐environmental fluxes in space and time, such as rainfall, is challenging yet of paramount importance to inform environmental risk analysis and decision making under uncertainty. Here, we advance random fields simulation by introducing the concepts of general velocity fields and general anisotropy transformations. This expands the capabilities of the so‐called Complete Stochastic Modeling Solution (CoSMoS) framework enabling the simulation of random fields (RF's) preserving: (a) any non‐Gaussian marginal distribution, (b) any spatiotemporal correlation structure (STCS), (c) general advection expressed by velocity fields with locally varying speed and direction, and (d) locally varying anisotropy. We also introduce new copula‐based STCS's and provide conditions guaranteeing their positive definiteness. To illustrate the potential of CoSMoS, we simulate RF's with complex patterns and motion mimicking rainfall storms moving across an area, spiraling fields resembling weather cyclones, fields converging to (or diverging from) a point, and colliding air masses. The proposed methodology is implemented in the freely available CoSMoS R package.
Rapid Advances in Mobile Mass Spectrometry Enhance Tracer Hydrology and Water Management
Authors: Popp Andrea L. , Manning Cara C. M. , Knapp Julia L. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDissolved gases, including noble gases, are versatile environmental tracers. Historically, the application of dissolved (noble) gases as tracers in hydrology used to be limited because their measurement required expensive, laboratory‐based instrumentation operated by highly trained personnel. Here, we highlight recent advances in mobile mass spectrometry (MS) methods for noble and other dissolved gases, which enable low cost, high‐throughput, real‐time measurements. We also present applications using mobile MS to quantify hydrological and biogeochemical processes in groundwater and surface waters and to assess hazards and risks to aquatic environments. Finally, we indicate potential future applications of these instruments to enhance hydrological research.
Predictors of blood pressure response to ultrasound renal denervation in the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO study
Authors: Saxena Manish , Schmieder Roland E. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Mahfoud Felix , Daemen Joost , Basile Jan , Lurz Philipp , Gosse Philippe , Sanghvi Kintur , Fisher Naomi D. L. , Rump Lars C. , Pathak Atul , Blankestijn Peter J. , Mathur Anthony , Wang Yale , Weber Michael A. , Sharp Andrew S. P. , Bloch Michael J. , Barman Neil C. , Claude Lisa , Song Yang , Azizi Michel , Lobo Melvin D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe blood pressure (BP) lowering response to renal denervation (RDN) remains variable with about one-third of patients not responding to ultrasound or radiofrequency RDN. Identification of predictors of the BP response to RDN is needed to optimize patient selection for this therapy. This is a post-hoc analysis of the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO study. BP response to RDN was measured by the change in daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure (dASBP) at 2 months post procedure. Univariate regression was used initially to assess potential predictors of outcome followed by multivariate regression analysis. In the univariate analysis, predictors of response to RDN were higher baseline daytime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (dADBP), the use of antihypertensive medications at screening, and presence of orthostatic hypertension (OHTN) whilst the presence of untreated accessory arteries was a negative predictor of response. Multivariate analysis determined that dADBP and use of antihypertensive medications were predictors of response to RDN with a trend for OHTN to predict response. Obese females also appeared to be better responders to RDN in an interaction model. RDN is more effective in patients with elevated baseline dADBP and those with OHTN, suggesting increased peripheral vascular resistance secondary to heightened sympathetic tone. These assessments are easy to perform in clinical setting and may help in phenotyping patients who will respond better to RDN.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases in the time of COVID-19: EBMT guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Greco Raffaella , Alexander Tobias , Burman Joachim , Del Papa Nicoletta , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska , Farge Dominique , Henes Jörg , Kazmi Majid , Kirgizov Kirill , Muraro Paolo A. , Ricart Elena , Rovira Montserrat , Saccardi Riccardo , Sharrack Basil , Snarski Emilian , Withers Barbara , Jessop Helen , Boglione Claudia , Kramer Ellen , Badoglio Manuela , Labopin Myriam , Orchard Kim , Corbacioglu Selim , Ljungman Per , Mikulska Malgorzata , De la Camara Rafael , Snowden John A. ,   On behalf of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP), Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP), Pediatric Working Party (PWP), Joint Accreditation Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and EBMT (JACIE), EBMT Nurses Group and Patient Advocacy Committee
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents one of the biggest challenges of 21st century, threatening public health around the globe. Increasing age and presence of co-morbidities are reported risk factors for severe disease and mortality, along with autoimmune diseases (ADs) and immunosuppressive treatments such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which are also associated with adverse outcomes. We review the impact of the pandemic on specific groups of patients with neurological, rheumatological, and gastroenterological indications, along with the challenges delivering HSCT in adult and pediatric populations. Moving forward, we developed consensus-based guidelines and recommendations for best practice and quality of patient care in order to support clinicians, scientists, and their multidisciplinary teams, as well as patients and their carers. These guidelines aim to support national and international organizations related to autoimmune diseases and local clinical teams delivering HSCT. Areas of unmet need and future research questions are also highlighted. The waves of the COVID-19 pandemic are predicted to be followed by an “endemic” phase and therefore an ongoing risk within a “new normality”. These recommendations reflect currently available evidence, coupled with expert opinion, and will be revised according to necessary modifications in practice.
Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils
Authors: Ackermann Maximilian , Anders Hans-Joachim , Bilyy Rostyslav , Bowlin Gary L. , Daniel Christoph , De Lorenzo Rebecca , Egeblad Mikala , Henneck Timo , Hidalgo Andrés , Hoffmann Markus , Hohberger Bettina , Kanthi Yogendra , Kaplan Mariana J. , Knight Jason S. , Knopf Jasmin , Kolaczkowska Elzbieta , Kubes Paul , Leppkes Moritz , Mahajan Aparna , Manfredi Angelo A. , Maueröder Christian , Maugeri Norma , Mitroulis Ioannis , Muñoz Luis E. , Narasaraju Teluguakula , Naschberger Elisabeth , Neeli Indira , Ng Lai Guan , Radic Marko Z. , Ritis Konstantinos , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Schapher Mirco , Schauer Christine , Simon Hans-Uwe , Singh Jeeshan , Skendros Panagiotis , Stark Konstantin , Stürzl Michael , van der Vlag Johan , Vandenabeele Peter , Vitkov Ljubomir , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Yanginlar Cansu , Yousefi Shida , Zarbock Alexander , Schett Georg , Herrmann Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils and the disbalance between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and immunothrombosis that characterize severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NETs in COVID-19 manifestations and present putative mechanisms, by which NETs promote tissue injury and immunothrombosis. We present therapeutic strategies, which have been successful in the treatment of immunο-inflammatory disorders and which target dysregulated NET formation or degradation, as potential approaches that may benefit patients with severe COVID-19.
Phenotypic homogeneity in childhood epilepsies evolves in gene-specific patterns across 3251 patient-years of clinical data
Authors: Lewis-Smith David , Ganesan Shiva , Galer Peter D. , Helbig Katherine L. , McKeown Sarah E. , O’Brien Margaret , Khankhanian Pouya , Kaufman Michael C. , Gonzalez Alexander K. , Felmeister Alex S. , Krause Roland , Ellis Colin A. , Helbig Ingo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile genetic studies of epilepsies can be performed in thousands of individuals, phenotyping remains a manual, non-scalable task. A particular challenge is capturing the evolution of complex phenotypes with age. Here, we present a novel approach, applying phenotypic similarity analysis to a total of 3251 patient-years of longitudinal electronic medical record data from a previously reported cohort of 658 individuals with genetic epilepsies. After mapping clinical data to the Human Phenotype Ontology, we determined the phenotypic similarity of individuals sharing each genetic etiology within each 3-month age interval from birth up to a maximum age of 25 years. 140 of 600 (23%) of all 27 genes and 3-month age intervals with sufficient data for calculation of phenotypic similarity were significantly higher than expect by chance. 11 of 27 genetic etiologies had significant overall phenotypic similarity trajectories. These do not simply reflect strong statistical associations with single phenotypic features but appear to emerge from complex clinical constellations of features that may not be strongly associated individually. As an attempt to reconstruct the cognitive framework of syndrome recognition in clinical practice, longitudinal phenotypic similarity analysis extends the traditional phenotyping approach by utilizing data from electronic medical records at a scale that is far beyond the capabilities of manual phenotyping. Delineation of how the phenotypic homogeneity of genetic epilepsies varies with age could improve the phenotypic classification of these disorders, the accuracy of prognostic counseling, and by providing historical control data, the design and interpretation of precision clinical trials in rare diseases.
Kramers nodal line metals
Authors: Xie Ying-Ming , Gao Xue-Jian , Xu Xiao Yan , Zhang Cheng-Ping , Hu Jin-Xin , Gao Jason Z. , Law K. T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, it was pointed out that all chiral crystals with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be Kramers Weyl semimetals (KWSs) which possess Weyl points pinned at time-reversal invariant momenta. In this work, we show that all achiral non-centrosymmetric materials with SOC can be a new class of topological materials, which we term Kramers nodal line metals (KNLMs). In KNLMs, there are doubly degenerate lines, which we call Kramers nodal lines (KNLs), connecting time-reversal invariant momenta. The KNLs create two types of Fermi surfaces, namely, the spindle torus type and the octdong type. Interestingly, all the electrons on octdong Fermi surfaces are described by two-dimensional massless Dirac Hamiltonians. These materials support quantized optical conductance in thin films. We further show that KNLMs can be regarded as parent states of KWSs. Therefore, we conclude that all non-centrosymmetric metals with SOC are topological, as they can be either KWSs or KNLMs.
Non-lithifying microbial ecosystem dissolves peritidal lime sand
Authors: Present Theodore M. , Gomes Maya L. , Trower Elizabeth J. , Stein Nathan T. , Lingappa Usha F. , Naviaux John , Thorpe Michael T. , Cantine Marjorie D. , Fischer Woodward W. , Knoll Andrew H. , Grotzinger John P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrobialites accrete where environmental conditions and microbial metabolisms promote lithification, commonly through carbonate cementation. On Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands, microbial mats occur widely in peritidal environments above ooid sand but do not become lithified or preserved. Sediment cores and porewater geochemistry indicated that aerobic respiration and sulfide oxidation inhibit lithification and dissolve calcium carbonate sand despite widespread aragonite precipitation from platform surface waters. Here, we report that in tidally pumped environments, microbial metabolisms can negate the effects of taphonomically-favorable seawater chemistry on carbonate mineral saturation and microbialite development.
PKC-phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers phase separation and controls presynaptic active zone structure
Authors: Emperador-Melero Javier , Wong Man Yan , Wang Shan Shan H. , de Nola Giovanni , Nyitrai Hajnalka , Kirchhausen Tom , Kaeser Pascal S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe active zone of a presynaptic nerve terminal defines sites for neurotransmitter release. Its protein machinery may be organized through liquid–liquid phase separation, a mechanism for the formation of membrane-less subcellular compartments. Here, we show that the active zone protein Liprin-α3 rapidly and reversibly undergoes phase separation in transfected HEK293T cells. Condensate formation is triggered by Liprin-α3 PKC-phosphorylation at serine-760, and RIM and Munc13 are co-recruited into membrane-attached condensates. Phospho-specific antibodies establish phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 serine-760 in transfected cells and mouse brain tissue. In primary hippocampal neurons of newly generated Liprin-α2/α3 double knockout mice, synaptic levels of RIM and Munc13 are reduced and the pool of releasable vesicles is decreased. Re-expression of Liprin-α3 restored these presynaptic defects, while mutating the Liprin-α3 phosphorylation site to abolish phase condensation prevented this rescue. Finally, PKC activation in these neurons acutely increased RIM, Munc13 and neurotransmitter release, which depended on the presence of phosphorylatable Liprin-α3. Our findings indicate that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers its phase separation and modulates active zone structure and function.
The metabolic hormone leptin promotes the function of TFH cells and supports vaccine responses
Authors: Deng Jun , Chen Qian , Chen Zhian , Liang Kaili , Gao Xin , Wang Xiaohui , Makota Fadzai V. , Ong Hong Sheng , Wan Yanmin , Luo Kaiming , Gong Dongcheng , Yu Xiang , Camuglia Sarina , Zeng Qunxiong , Zhou Tao , Xue Feng , He Jing , Wei Yunbo , Xiao Fan , Ma Jianyang , Hill Danika L. , Pierson Wim , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Zhou Haibo , Wang Yan , Shen Wei , Sun Lingyun , Li Zhanguo , Xia Qiang , Qian Kun , Ye Lilin , Rockman Steven , Linterman Michelle A. , Kedzierska Katherine , Shen Nan , Lu Liwei , Yu Di 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFollicular helper T (TFH) cells control antibody responses by supporting antibody affinity maturation and memory formation. Inadequate TFH function has been found in individuals with ineffective responses to vaccines, but the mechanism underlying TFH regulation in vaccination is not understood. Here, we report that lower serum levels of the metabolic hormone leptin associate with reduced vaccine responses to influenza or hepatitis B virus vaccines in healthy populations. Leptin promotes mouse and human TFH differentiation and IL-21 production via STAT3 and mTOR pathways. Leptin receptor deficiency impairs TFH generation and antibody responses in immunisation and infection. Similarly, leptin deficiency induced by fasting reduces influenza vaccination-mediated protection for the subsequent infection challenge, which is mostly rescued by leptin replacement. Our results identify leptin as a regulator of TFH cell differentiation and function and indicate low levels of leptin as a risk factor for vaccine failure.
Cryo-EM structure of cortical microtubules from human parasite Toxoplasma gondii identifies their microtubule inner proteins
Authors: Wang Xiangli , Fu Yong , Beatty Wandy L. , Ma Meisheng , Brown Alan , Sibley L. David , Zhang Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn living cells, microtubules (MTs) play pleiotropic roles, which require very different mechanical properties. Unlike the dynamic MTs found in the cytoplasm of metazoan cells, the specialized cortical MTs from Toxoplasma gondii, a prevalent human pathogen, are extraordinarily stable and resistant to detergent and cold treatments. Using single-particle cryo-EM, we determine their ex vivo structure and identify three proteins (TrxL1, TrxL2 and SPM1) as bona fide microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). These three MIPs form a mesh on the luminal surface and simultaneously stabilize the tubulin lattice in both longitudinal and lateral directions. Consistent with previous observations, deletion of the identified MIPs compromises MT stability and integrity under challenges by chemical treatments. We also visualize a small molecule like density at the Taxol-binding site of β-tubulin. Our results provide the structural basis to understand the stability of cortical MTs and suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of MT stabilization from the inside.
The transcriptional landscape of a rewritten bacterial genome reveals control elements and genome design principles
Authors: van Kooten Mariëlle J. F. M. , Scheidegger Clio A. , Christen Matthias , Christen Beat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSequence rewriting enables low-cost genome synthesis and the design of biological systems with orthogonal genetic codes. The error-free, robust rewriting of nucleotide sequences can be achieved with a complete annotation of gene regulatory elements. Here, we compare transcription in Caulobacter crescentus to transcription from plasmid-borne segments of the synthesized genome of C. ethensis 2.0. This rewritten derivative contains an extensive amount of supposedly neutral mutations, including 123’562 synonymous codon changes. The transcriptional landscape refines 60 promoter annotations, exposes 18 termination elements and links extensive transcription throughout the synthesized genome to the unintentional introduction of sigma factor binding motifs. We reveal translational regulation for 20 CDS and uncover an essential translational regulatory element for the expression of ribosomal protein RplS. The annotation of gene regulatory elements allowed us to formulate design principles that improve design schemes for synthesized DNA, en route to a bright future of iteration-free programming of biological systems.
All-dielectric chiral-field-enhanced Raman optical activity
Authors: Xiao Ting-Hui , Cheng Zhenzhou , Luo Zhenyi , Isozaki Akihiro , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Itoh Tamitake , Nomura Masahiro , Iwamoto Satoshi , Goda Keisuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRaman optical activity (ROA) is effective for studying the conformational structure and behavior of chiral molecules in aqueous solutions and is advantageous over X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in sample preparation and cost performance. However, ROA signals are inherently minuscule; 3–5 orders of magnitude weaker than spontaneous Raman scattering due to the weak chiral light–matter interaction. Localized surface plasmon resonance on metallic nanoparticles has been employed to enhance ROA signals, but suffers from detrimental spectral artifacts due to its photothermal heat generation and inability to efficiently transfer and enhance optical chirality from the far field to the near field. Here we demonstrate all-dielectric chiral-field-enhanced ROA by devising a silicon nanodisk array and exploiting its dark mode to overcome these limitations. Specifically, we use it with pairs of chemical and biological enantiomers to show >100x enhanced chiral light–molecule interaction with negligible artifacts for ROA measurements.