bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine granular area formation by damage‐induced shear strain localization in very‐high‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Zhang Huan‐Jie , Yu Feng , Li Shu‐Xin , He En‐Guang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new perspective of damage‐induced shear strain localization is proposed to elucidate the formation mechanism of fine granular area (FGA) generated in a high‐strength steel under very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF). The development of local shear strain, effective resolved shear stress, and damage evolution at the vicinity of an inclusion has been predicted by crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) coupled with damage at stress ratios of R = −1, 0.1, and 0.5. The microstructure of FGA is characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission Kikuchi diffraction. The experimental results show that the FGA consists of high‐density dislocations, subgrains, and fine grains with high‐angle grain boundaries. The simulation results find that the negative local effective stress ratio is compulsory to FGA formation in VHCF. Finally, the tendency of decreasing FGA formation with increasing global stress ratio is explained, and the conventional FGA formation mechanism is extended.
Effect of different soaking and germination methods on bioactive compounds of germinated brown rice
Authors: Munarko Hadi , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Kusnandar Feri , Budijanto Slamet 
Published: June 2021

SummaryGermination of brown rice can be completed by full soaking and partial soaking methods. This study aimed to analyse the influence of germination methods on the bioactive accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR). Germination was conducted in four treatments: (i) membrane reactor with full (RFS) and (ii) partial soaking method soaking (RAG), (iii) manual soaking for complete germination (MFS) and (iv) partial manual soaking in combination with atmospheric germination (MAG). The results showed that soaking BR in membrane reactor accelerated the shoots' growth and increased GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) content compared with the manual soaking method. The RAG treatment achieved higher GABA content (up to 125 mg/100 g), total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity than other germination methods. The main finding of this research indicates that membrane reactor effectively enhances the growth of sprouts. The combination of partial soaking in membrane reactor and atmospheric germination (RAG) is a suited method to increase GABA accumulation in GBR.
Expression and prognostic relevance of long noncoding RNAs CRNDE and AOX2P in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hola Mona A. M. , Ali Mohamed A. M. , ElNahass Yasser , Salem Tarek A. E. , Mohamed Mohamed R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and altered expression of certain lncRNAs has been recognized as a potential prognostic marker in AML patients. Here, we sought to determine whether the expression of the lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) and aldehyde oxidase 2 pseudogene (AOX2P) is associated with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of patients with AML.MethodsCRNDE and AOX2P expression levels were measured in diagnostic blood samples from 200 adult patients with de novo AML, along with 50 healthy control blood samples, using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The association of CRNDE and AOX2P expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of AML patients was analyzed.ResultsUpregulated CRNDE expression was independently associated with lower complete remission (CR) rates in the whole cohort of AML (P < .001). AOX2P overexpression was identified as an independent adverse prognostic marker for CR in the CN‐AML (P = .009) and non‐t (15;17) AML (P < .001) subgroups. Patients with high CRNDE expression had a significantly shorter event‐free survival (EFS, whole cohort of AML: P = .017; CN‐AML: P = .001; non‐t (15;17) AML: P = .006) and inferior overall survival (OS, whole cohort of AML: P = .002; t(15;17) AML: P = .001) than those with low CRNDE expression. EFS and OS did not differ significantly between patients with high AOX2P expression and those with low expression.ConclusionAberrantly upregulated CRNDE expression and, to a lesser extent, AOX2P overexpression, are associated with poor prognosis in AML patients, suggesting that the determination of CRNDE and, perhaps, AOX2P, expression level at diagnosis provides valuable prognostic information, allows refinement of risk stratification, and helps clinical decision‐making in AML.
Exploring experiences of COVID‐19‐positive individuals from social media posts
Authors: Guo Jia‐Wen , Sisler Shawna M. , Wang Ching‐Yu , Wallace Andrea S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the experience of individuals who claimed to be COVID‐19 positive via their Twitter feeds.BackgroundPublic social media data are valuable to understanding people's experiences of public health phenomena. To improve care to those with COVID‐19, this study explored themes from Twitter feeds, generated by individuals who self‐identified as COVID‐19 positive.DesignThis study utilized a descriptive design for text analysis for social media data.MethodsThis study analysed social media text retrieved by tweets of individuals in the United States who self‐reported being COVID‐19 positive and posted on Twitter in English between April 2, 2020, and April 24, 2020. In extracting embedded topics from tweets, we applied topic modelling approach based on latent Dirichlet allocation and visualized the results via LDAvis, a related web‐based interactive visualization tool.ResultsThree themes were mined from 721 eligible tweets: (i) recognizing the seriousness of the condition in COVID‐19 pandemic; (ii) having symptoms of being COVID‐19 positive; and (iii) sharing the journey of being COVID‐19 positive.ConclusionLeveraging the knowledge and context of study themes, we present experiences that may better reflect patient needs while experiencing COVID‐19. The findings offer more descriptive support for public health nursing and other translational public health efforts during a global pandemic.
Evaluation of aging changes of the superficial fat compartments of the midface over time: A computed tomography study
Authors: Sarigul Guduk Sukran , Cevik Cenkeri Halime , Derin Cicek Esin , Kus Sadiye 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies on alterations in superficial fat compartments with age yielded contradictory results; the superficial fat tissue volume or thickness was reported to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.AimsTo investigate volumetric and dimensional changes in superficial midfacial fat tissue retrospectively in patients who underwent a repeated computed tomography (CT).MethodsA total of 262 patients (mean age, 46 years; median elapsed time between two CT imagings, 56 months) were included. Axial and sagittal planes were used for measurements of the medial part of the superficial cheek fat (SCF), which is divided into three compartments. The thickness, width, and height of each compartment were measured, and volumes were calculated for both hemifaces. Additionally, results were compared between males and females, and between three age groups: <45, 45–54, and ≥55 years.ResultsThe total volume of SCF and inferior compartment was significantly increased compared with the first CT findings (p < 0.05). Upper and middle compartment volumes were found to decrease with age (p < 0.05). Thickness was decreased in the upper and middle compartments but not in the lower compartment. The width of the lower and middle compartments increased (p < 0.05), while the upper compartment did not show a significant change with age (p > 0.05). The height of the superficial fat layer was significantly increased at follow‐up (p < 0.05). The results were similar for both sexes and all age groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSCF undergoes significant volume and dimensional changes with aging. Therefore, superficial fat tissue should be considered for enhancement of cosmetic treatments.
Carcinomatous meningitis from recurrent glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix—A case report
Authors: Tasaki Kazuto , Terada Atsumu , Nishida Naoyo , Murakami Fumihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarcinomatous meningitis presents with a variety of neurological symptoms and has a poor prognosis. We encountered a case of carcinomatous meningitis from cervical cancer. A 30‐year‐old patient was diagnosed with cervical cancer (glassy cell carcinoma), stage IIB. She underwent radical hysterectomy and chemoradiotherapy. Nine months later, the disease recurred with iliac lymph node and right lung metastases. The patient received chemotherapy; however, after seven cycles, the lung lesions increased. The patient responded to supportive care; nevertheless, symptoms including headaches developed and were followed by diplopia. A contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance image of the head confirmed the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis. She was transferred to the palliative care unit and died approximately 1 week later. Carcinomatous meningitis has a poor prognosis and is difficult to treat; however, early diagnosis may provide meaningful time to patients. Therefore, attention must be paid to meningeal irritation and neurological symptoms.
Dysautonomia in immune‐mediated neuropathies
Authors: Kaida Kenichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), severe dysautonomia is associated with a poor prognosis and may cause extraperipheral nervous system disorders such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Dysautonomia is associated with demyelination in vagal nerves with mononuclear cell infiltration, and demyelination is the predominant pathology. Approximately half of the cases of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) are positive for antiganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody. It is believed that there is no clinical difference between antibody‐positive and antibody‐negative cases, but a recent study indicated that seronegative AAG is a distinct clinical entity. Extra‐autonomic symptoms such as central nervous system disorder, amenorrhea, and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone are also present in AAG. When accompanied by sensory impairment, it is difficult to distinguish AAG from acute autonomic sensory neuropathy (AASN). It is also often difficult to distinguish AASN from GBS, as two‐thirds of patients with AASN have antecedent infection, AASN often has a monophasic course, and there are also antiglycolipid antibody‐positive cases. Identification of biomarkers is required for evaluation of the pathophysiology of AASN and establishment of diagnostic criteria. There is an urgent need for biomarkers and for definition of highly sensitive diagnostic criteria for immune‐mediated dysautonomia.
Comparing long‐term care systems: A multi‐dimensional, actor‐centred typology
Authors: Fischer Johanna , Frisina Doetter Lorraine , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLike other fields of social policy, the organization of long‐term care (LTC) varies temporally and geographically. The present article aims to advance the comparison of LTC systems worldwide by proposing a conceptual framework to analyse variation, putting a special focus on analysing the role of public and private actor types. In a precluding literature review of existing LTC typologies, we find that there are various promising classification approaches, but with an overwhelming concentration on European countries and often constructed in‐transparently and superficially. Building on the concept of the care/welfare mix, we develop a multi‐dimensional, actor‐centred typology of LTC systems. In doing so, we employ the methodological procedure of theoretically constructing a typological attribute space. We argue that three dimensions, that is service provision, financing and regulation, are crucial for differentiating types. Furthermore, we chose an actor‐centred approach, asking who bears the main responsibility in each dimension. Five relevant types of corporate actors are distinguished: state, societal actors, private for‐profit actors, private individual actors, and global actors. Finally, we present and discuss the resulting attribute space and further illustrated the typology's use by exemplarily classifying three countries.
Outcome and durability of mitral valve annuloplasty in atrial secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Deferm Sébastien , Bertrand Philippe B , Verhaert David , Dauw Jeroen , Van Keer Jan M , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Herregods Marie-Christine , Meuris Bart , Verbrugghe Peter , Rex Steffen , Vandervoort Pieter M , Rega Filip 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesAtrial secondary mitral regurgitation (ASMR) is a clinically distinct form of Carpentier type I mitral regurgitation (MR), rooted in excessive atrial and mitral annular dilation in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction. Mitral valve annuloplasty (MVA) is expected to provide a more durable solution for ASMR than for ventricular secondary MR (VSMR). Yet data on MR recurrence and outcome after MVA for ASMR are scarce. This study sought to investigate surgical outcomes and repair durability in patients with ASMR, as compared with a contemporary group of patients with VSMR.MethodsClinical and echocardiographic data from consecutive patients who underwent MVA to treat ASMR or VSMR in an academic centre were retrospectively analysed. Patient characteristics, operative outcomes, time to recurrence of ≥moderate MR and all-cause mortality were compared between patients with ASMR versus VSMR.ResultsOf the 216 patients analysed, 97 had ASMR opposed to 119 with VSMR and subvalvular leaflet tethering. Patients with ASMR were typically female (68.0% vs 33.6% in VSMR, p<0.001), with a history of atrial fibrillation (76.3% vs 33.6% in VSMR, p<0.001), paralleling a larger left atrial size (p<0.033). At a median follow-up of 3.3 (IQR 1.0–7.3) years, recurrence of ≥moderate MR was significantly lower in ASMR versus VSMR (7% vs 25% at 2 years, overall log-rank p=0.001), also when accounting for all-cause death as competing risk (subdistribution HR 0.50 in ASMR, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.88, p=0.016). Moreover, ASMR was associated with better overall survival compared with VSMR (adjusted HR 0.43 95% CI 0.22 to 0.82, p=0.011), independent from baseline European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II surgical risk score.ConclusionPrognosis following MVA to treat ASMR is better, compared with VSMR as reflected by lower all-cause mortality and MR recurrence. Early distinction of secondary MR towards underlying ventricular versus atrial disease has important therapeutic implications.
Efficacy of treat-and-repair strategy for atrial septal defect with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Akagi Teiji , Sakamoto Ichiro , Kanazawa Hideaki , Nakazawa Gaku , Murakami Tsutomu , Yao Atsushi , Nanasato Mamoru , Saji Mike , Hirokami Mitsugu , Fuku Yasushi , Hosokawa Shinobu , Tada Norio , Matsumoto Kensuke , Imai Masao , Nakagawa Koji , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTherapeutic strategies for atrial septal defect (ASD) with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PAH-specific medications and subsequent transcatheter closure (ie, treat-and-repair strategy) on clinical outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled 42 patients who were referred to 13 institutions for consideration of ASD closure with concomitant PAH and underwent the treat-and-repair strategy. The endpoint was cardiovascular death or hospitalisation due to heart failure or exacerbated PAH.ResultsAt baseline prior to PAH-specific medications, pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp:Qs), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were 1.9±0.8, 6.9±3.2 Wood units and 45±15 mm Hg. Qp:Qs was increased to 2.4±1.2, and PVR and mean PAP were decreased to 4.0±1.5 Wood units and 35±9 mm Hg at the time of transcatheter ASD closure after PAH-specific medications. Transcatheter ASD closure was performed without any complications. During a median follow-up period of 33 months (1–126 months) after transcatheter ASD closure, one older patient died and one patient was hospitalised due to heart failure, but the other patients survived with an improvement in WHO functional class. PAP was further decreased after transcatheter ASD closure.ConclusionsThe treat-and-repair strategy results in low complication and mortality rates with a reduction in PAP in selected patients with ASD complicated with PAH who have a favourable response of medical therapy.
Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Remain Elevated Long Term After Left Ventricular Assist Device and Heart Transplantation and Are Independent From Measures of Inflammation and Gut Dysbiosis
Authors: Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Bohn Bruno , Javaid Azka , Mondellini Giulio M. , Braghieri Lorenzo , Pinsino Alberto , Onat Duygu , Cagliostro Barbara , Kim Andrea , Takeda Koji , Naka Yoshifumi , Farr Maryjane , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Nandakumar Renu , Mohan Sumit , Colombo Paolo C. , Demmer Ryan T. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)—a gut-derived metabolite—is elevated in heart failure (HF) and linked to poor prognosis. We investigated variations in TMAO in HF, left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and heart transplant (HT) and assessed its relation with inflammation, endotoxemia, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis.

Methods:
We enrolled 341 patients. TMAO, CRP (C-reactive protein), IL (interleukin)-6, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), ET-1 (endothelin-1), adiponectin, lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14, and isoprostane were measured in 611 blood samples in HF (New York Heart Association class I–IV) and at multiple time points post-LVAD and post-HT. Gut microbiota were assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing among 327 stool samples. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between TMAO and (1) New York Heart Association class; (2) pre- versus post-LVAD or post-HT; (3) biomarkers of inflammation, endotoxemia, oxidative stress, and microbial diversity.

Results:

ln-TMAO was lower among HF New York Heart Association class I (1.23 [95% CI, 0.52–1.94] µM) versus either class II, III, or IV (1.99 [95% CI, 1.68–2.30], 1.97 [95% CI, 1.71–2.24], and 2.09 [95% CI, 1.83–2.34] µM, respectively; all
P
<0.05). In comparison to class II–IV, ln-TMAO was lower 1 month post-LVAD (1.58 [95% CI, 1.32–1.83] µM) and 1 week and 1 month post-HT (0.97 [95% CI, 0.60–1.35] and 1.36 [95% CI, 1.01–1.70] µM). ln-TMAO levels in long-term LVAD (>6 months: 1.99 [95% CI, 1.76–2.22] µM) and HT (>6 months: 1.86 [95% CI, 1.66–2.05] µM) were not different from symptomatic HF. After multivariable adjustments, TMAO was not associated with biomarkers of inflammation, endotoxemia, oxidative stress, or microbial diversity.

Conclusions:
TMAO levels are increased in symptomatic HF patients and remain elevated long term after LVAD and HT. TMAO levels were independent from measures of inflammation, endotoxemia, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis.
Impact of Insulin Treatment on the Effect of Eplerenone: Insights From the EMPHASIS-HF Trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Lamiral Zohra , McMurray John J.V. , Swedberg Karl , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Vincent John , Rossignol Patrick , Pocock Stuart J. , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and insulin-treated diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular complications. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may mitigate this risk. We aim to explore the effect of eplerenone on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients with diabetes, including those treated with insulin in the EMPHASIS-HF trial (Eplerenone in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure and Mild Symptoms).

Methods:
The primary outcome was the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death. Cox models with treatment-by-diabetes subgroup interaction terms were used.

Results:

The median follow-up was 21 (10–33) months. Of the 2737 patients included, 623 (23%) had non-insulin-treated diabetes, 236 (9%) had insulin-treated diabetes and 1878 did not have diabetes. Patients with insulin-treated diabetes were younger, more often women, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, more frequent ischemic heart failure cause, impaired kidney function, and longer diabetes duration. Compared with patients without diabetes, those with insulin-treated diabetes had a 2-fold higher risk of having a primary outcome event. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for the effect of eplerenone, compared with placebo, on the primary outcome was 0.31 (0.19–0.50) in insulin-treated diabetes, 0.69 (0.50–0.93) in non-insulin-treated diabetes, and 0.72 (0.58–0.88) in patients without diabetes; interaction
P
=0.007. The annualized number needed-to-treat-to-benefit with regards to the primary outcome was 3 (95% CI, 3–4) in patients with insulin-treated diabetes, 16 (13–19) in patients with diabetes not receiving insulin, and 26 (24–28) in patients without diabetes.

Conclusions:
Patients with insulin-treated diabetes experienced a greater benefit from eplerenone than those with diabetes not treated with insulin and people without diabetes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00232180.
Leveraging Field-Campaign Networks to Identify Sexual Harassment in Atmospheric Science and Pilot Promising Interventions
Authors: Fischer Emily V. , Bloodhart Brittany , Rasmussen Kristen , Pollack Ilana B. , Hastings Meredith G. , Marin-Spiotta Erika , Desai Ankur R. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Nesbitt Stephen , Hence Deanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSexual harassment in field settings brings unique challenges for prevention and response, as field research occurs outside “typical” workplaces, often in remote locations that create additional safety concerns and new team dynamics. We report on a project that has 1) trained field project participants to recognize, report, and confront sexual harassment, and 2) investigated the perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of field researchers regarding sexual harassment. Precampaign surveys from four major, multi-institutional, domestic, and international field projects indicate that the majority of sexual harassment reported prior to the field campaigns was hostile work environment harassment, and women were more likely to be the recipients, on average reporting two to three incidents each. The majority of those disclosing harassment indicated that they coped with past experiences by avoiding their harasser or downplaying incidents. Of the incidences reported (47) in postcampaign surveys of the four field teams, all fell under the category of hostile work environment and included incidents of verbal, visual, and physical harassment. Women’s harassment experiences were perpetrated by men 100% of the time, and the majority of the perpetrators were in more senior positions than the victims. Men’s harassment experiences were perpetrated by a mix of women and men, and the majority came from those at the same position of seniority. Postproject surveys indicate that the training programs (taking place before the field projects) helped participants come away with more positive than negative emotions and perceptions of the training, the leadership, and their overall experiences on the field campaign.