bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Albumin Administration in Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Wengenmayer Tobias , Hirth Marvin L. , Jäckel Markus , Bemtgen Xavier , Kaier Klaus , Biever Paul M. , Supady Alexander , Maulhardt Thomas , Westermann Dirk , Staudacher Dawid L. , Rilinger Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical outcome and fluid balance of patients with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) or after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) may be improved by addressing the high fluid demand with an early albumin administration.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, patients supported with VA ECMO or eCPR received early albumin administration (25 g/L) to prime the VA ECMO system. These patients were compared to patients who received a regimen based solely on balanced crystalloids (crystalloid group) or a regimen based on a 1:4 volume mixture of albumin (10 g/L) and balanced crystalloids (albumin group).Results660 VA ECMO patients (66.4% eCPR) treated between January 2017 and June 2021 were analyzed, whereby 265 patients received crystalloid fluid therapy, 269 patients received albumin therapy, and 126 patients received early albumin therapy.When compared to the albumin and crystalloid groups, patients in the early albumin treatment group had significantly lower cumulative fluid balances (p < 0.05). However, this effect was only observed in the group of eCPR patients and not in patients with cardiogenic shock. Logistic regression revealed albumin administration as an independent predictor of increased survival (Odds ratio 1.66 (1.11–2.47) [95%‐CI], p = 0.013). Yet, only eCPR patients showed a survival benefit from albumin administration compared to the crystalloid group (survival of 29.4% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.024).ConclusionEarly albumin administration in eCPR patients was linked to a significant decline in fluid balance. Moreover, volume therapy with albumin application was an independent predictor for improved survival in eCPR patients.
Trauma in the courtroom: The role of prior trauma exposure and mental health on stress and emotional responses in jurors
Authors: Brooks Matthew , Glynn Jessica , Fawcett Hannah , Barnes Aminah , Carew Rachael , Errickson David , Livanou Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesPrior research indicates that jury duty can be distressing for some jurors. This study examined: (1) the influence of prior trauma characteristics (type, exposure, time since trauma), medical fear and mental health difficulties on stress and emotional responses during a mock trial and 1 week later; and (2) associations between early stress reactions during a trial on subsequent stress and emotional reactivity after exposure to skeletal evidence and 1 week later.MethodsMock jurors (n = 180) completed baseline self‐report mental health measures, read a summary of a murder case and were then exposed to graphic skeletal evidence. Stress and/or emotional responses were collected at baseline, after reading the case summary, before and after viewing the skeletal evidence and 7 days post‐trial.ResultsParticipants reported a wide range of prior traumatic experiences, with nearly half reporting pre‐existing mental health difficulties. Average traumatic stress symptoms tripled from baseline to follow‐up, with 44% of participants meeting PTSD‐type criteria 7 days later. Medical fear and mental health difficulties were positively associated with some stress and/or emotional responses throughout the trial, with mixed findings concerning trauma characteristics, stress and emotional reactivity. Initial stress and emotional responses to case evidence were linked to later stress and emotional reactions, after accounting for pre‐existing trauma and mental health characteristics.ConclusionsPast trauma experiences, mental health difficulties and immediate stress responses during a trial can exacerbate emotional and stress reactions. Addressing the psychological impacts of pre‐existing trauma symptoms could improve juror well‐being during this important civic duty.
A long‐term prospective cross‐lagged study of gender‐typed play and mental transformation in children
Authors: Wong Wang Ivy , Shi Sylvia Yun , Li Gu , Ng Pak Ho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGender‐typed play may contribute to gender disparities in spatial skills, but evidence of this link is limited. Gender‐typed play and mental transformation, an important spatial skill, were studied using age‐appropriate and comprehensive measures. Chinese children were tested at 5–6 years and at 11–14 years (N = 210), creating a long‐term data set considering bidirectional associations. Play and mental transformation showed moderate to large gender differences. Importantly, boy‐typical play positively predicted mental transformation, while girl‐typical play negatively predicted it. Results were largely consistent across gender and socioeconomic status and when play was coded by spatialness. They suggest that play is an important socialization experience and illuminates the developmental origins of gender disparities in spatial skills.
Early Lifespan Trauma in Finnish Young Adults With an Out‐of‐Home Care Background—An Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: Leinonen Leena , Kaittila Anniina , Alin Minna , Vornanen Riitta , Anis Merja 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTYoung people living in out‐of‐home care often have a history of adverse childhood experiences which are traumatic in nature and have long‐term influence on individuals. This article analyses the experiences of Finnish young adults with a history of out‐of‐home care and mental health challenges, in regard to their experienced trauma and interpretations of the traumatizing factors during their early lifespan. The ecological systems theory by Bronfenbrenner is used as a tool in the analysis. The article sheds light on how the experiences of trauma are connected to the levels of the ecological systems theory and how different social factors can contribute to the experience of trauma. Understanding the traumatic experiences of adolescents with an OOHC background requires a thorough consideration of all the levels of the ecological systems theory. Traumatization is often a fusion of acute, chronic and complex traumas that should be better acknowledged in child welfare work.
Effectiveness and Impact of Transcript Analysis in Clinical Genetics Daily Practice
Authors: Innella Giovanni , Coccia Emanuele , Cristalli Carlotta Pia , Zacchi Eliana , Calabrese Sara , Bacchi Isabelle , Palombo Flavia , Taormina Sara , Evangelisti Cecilia , Lanzoni Giulia , Carelli Valerio , Diquigiovanni Chiara , Ferrari Simona , Panza Emanuele , Rossi Cesare , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Bonora Elena , Turchetti Daniela 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBroad‐spectrum genetic tests often lead to the identification of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), a major issue in modern clinical genetics. A fair proportion of VUS may alter the splicing processes, but their interpretation is challenging. This study aimed at providing a classification approach for VUS potentially‐affecting splicing by integrating transcript analysis from peripheral blood mRNA into routine diagnostics. VUS in DICER1, MSH2, MLH1, DYNC1H1, RPS6KA3, and SCN9A, found in patients with phenotypes compatible with the related syndromes, altered splicing, leading to their re‐classification as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic. This had a significant clinical impact for different diseases, from hereditary tumor predisposition to neurological and congenital syndromic disorders. Transcript analysis is valuable in VUS clinical evaluation, and its incorporation into routine diagnostic workflows facilitates timely and accurate clinical decision‐making.
One‐Piece Monolithic Zirconia Single Tooth Implant‐Supported Restorations in the Posterior Region: A 1‐Year Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Donker Vincent J. J. , Meijer Henny J. A. , Slot Wim , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures, and the success of screw‐retained one‐piece monolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations in the posterior region during a 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsIn a prospective case series, 50 single molar sites in the posterior region of 41 patients with a minimum age of 18 years and sufficient bone volume for placing an implant (≥ 8 mm) and space for an anatomical restoration were included. Following prosthetic‐driven digital three‐dimensional treatment planning, a tissue‐level implant with an internal connection was inserted during a one‐stage surgical procedure. Three months later, the implant was restored with a screw‐retained one‐piece monolithic zirconia restoration. Clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures, and restoration survival and success according to the modified USPHS criteria were assessed at baseline prior to and immediately after implant placement, and 1‐month and 1‐year after definitive restoration placement.ResultsAt the 1‐year follow‐up, 1 implant had been lost (implant survival rate 98%) hence, 49 restorations were evaluated. The restoration survival and success rates were 100% and 98%, respectively. Plaque, calculus, bleeding and suppuration on probing and peri‐implant inflammation were absent in most cases. The mean (SD) marginal bone level change between implant placement and the 1‐year follow‐up was −0.14 mm (0.27) on the mesial and −0.25 mm (0.31) on the distal side. The mean (SD) patient satisfaction (0–10) was 9.2 (0.8) at the 1‐year evaluation.ConclusionOne‐piece monolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations exhibited favourable outcomes over 1 year in situ.Trial Registration: Registered in the National Trial Register (NL9059)
Prevalence and Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Adolescents With Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Rajeswary Amritha , Rahul Morankar , Tewari Nitesh , Sagar Prem , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana , Upadhyay Ashish Datt 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimTraumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are an emerging public health problem and a realm of research for oral health enthusiasts. Certain populations can be more vulnerable to injuries such as those with a sensory deficit. Nevertheless, literature is scarce, especially for those with hearing impairment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and patterns of TDI in children and adolescents with severe‐to profound hearing impairments and children without hearing impairments.Material and MethodsThree hundred and ninety participants (195 severe to profound hearing impaired and 195 age and sex‐matched controls) between 4 and 18 years were recruited from a tertiary care setting. A single calibrated examiner evaluated TDI for both groups. Among those with TDI, a vestibular function test (VFT) was also performed to assess postural balance. A single examiner from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology evaluated the VFT results.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TDI was found to be 12.82% among the severe to profound hearing‐impaired individuals, and 11.79% in controls. The majority of participants were aged between 7 and 13 years, in the mixed dentition stage, and were males. Among the cases, the majority had profound hearing loss (≥ 91 dB HL) and bilateral ear involvement. The most common type of TDI was uncomplicated crown fractures. Falls were identified as the most common cause of TDI in both groups. Vestibular dysfunction and loss of postural control were identified in 12 out of 14 patients tested with VFT. A significant association was found between TDI and the dentition type, that is, primary dentition was more affected among the severe to profound hearing impaired as compared to controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere was no significant association between the severity of hearing impairment and the prevalence of dental trauma in children and adolescents with severe to profound hearing impairment. However, hearing‐impaired individuals were susceptible to trauma at an early age compared to their healthy counterparts.
Deepening Megaregional Interrelatedness Through Migration: The Case of the Northern California Megaregion
Authors: Comandon Andre , Rodnyansky Seva , Boarnet Marlon G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing connectedness between neighboring metropolitan areas anchored by global economic centers highlights the relevance of the megaregional scale for government and governance. Yet, there is a lack of data to examine the expansion of megaregions and understand prevalent challenges to coordination. We use data from the Census Bureau and the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) to analyze migration patterns within the Northern California Megaregion that combines the San Francisco Bay Area and California Central Valley and highlight different trends underlying regional expansion. We find that people are leaving Bay Area zip codes at the edge of the urbanized area where population growth is robust, migration rates lower, job accessibility is low, rents are nearly as high as the more central locations, and home values are lower, making it difficult to move elsewhere within the Bay Area. Moves into the Central Valley are divided between the suburbs of the main urban centers and isolated towns leading to fragmented growth that increases stress on transportation infrastructure and worsens spatial inequality in the region.
Investigation of Gd2(Hf0.7Ti0.3)2O7 ceramics as a potential thermal barrier coating
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Xu Yiyan , Lu Xianjun , Wang Yi , Sun Junbin , Liu Bing , Wang Jinshuang , Zhang Hao , Tian Yongshang , Liu Zuodong , Jing Qiangshan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramics were synthesized by a high‐temperature solid‐state method, and the feasibility of using it as thermal barrier coating was systematically studied. This study primarily investigated the thermal physical properties, mechanical properties, and calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate oxides (CMAS) corrosion resistance of the Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramic bulk. The results indicated that the thermal expansion coefficient of Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ ceramics was close to that of 6∼8wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). At 1000°C, the thermal conductivity of Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ (1.43 W/(m·K)) was about 43% lower than that of YSZ (2.5 W/(m·K)). Furthermore, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ also exhibited significant advantages in mechanical properties. Its hardness, fracture toughness, and Young's modulus are 10.00 ± 0.28 GPa, 2.53 ± 0.06 MPa·m¹/2, and 124.91 ± 17 GPa, respectively. In addition, Gd₂(Hf₀.₇Ti₀.₃)₂O₇ exhibited excellent CMAS corrosion resistance, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of thermal barrier coating materials.
The challenge and promise of disentangling neurodevelopmental conditions a commentary on Davis et al. (2024)
Authors: Bathelt Joe 
Published: December 2024

This commentary evaluates the study by Davis et al. on the early behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum condition (ASC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. Davis et al. show how children who later receive dual diagnoses exhibit significantly more severe symptoms and greater behavioural challenges compared to their peers. The study's methodological strengths, including its prospective longitudinal design and well‐validated measures, are highlighted. However, the commentary also critiques the reliance on the traditional diagnostic paradigm, advocating for a shift towards data‐driven or dimensional approaches to better capture the complexities of neurodevelopmental conditions. By adopting such methodologies, the commentary suggests improvements in clinical practices through more personalised interventions, thereby advancing our understanding and treatment of ASC and ADHD.
Perceptions, attitudes, and management of obesity in East Asians vs global: A pooled analysis of the ACTION IO survey
Authors: Kang Jae‐Heon , Lim Soo , Kang Jee‐Hyun , Kim Yang‐Hyun , Ko Hae‐Jin , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Shimomura Iichiro , Ha YouSun , Wada Shogo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Iwabu Masato 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis ACTION‐IO sub‐analysis compared attitudes of people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) between South Korea/Japan and global.MethodsResponses from overall (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) and higher BMI (30.0–34.9 kg/m2) groups were compared descriptively; t‐and z‐tests were used to test for statistical significant difference.ResultsTotal responses from South Korea/Japan vs global were as follows: overall (PwO: 3,501 vs 14,502; HCPs: 502 vs 2,785); higher BMI (PwO: 530 vs 7,460) groups. Compared to global, more South Korea/Japan‐PwO considered improving existing health condition as top weight loss (WL) goal (overall: 37% vs 28%, higher BMI: 35% vs 26%; P < 0.05) and fear of weight regain as top WL barrier (overall: 52% vs 45%, higher BMI: 65% vs 42%; P < 0.05). Fewer South Korea/Japan‐PwO reported discussing weight (overall: 25% vs 51%, higher BMI: 31% vs 54%; P < 0.05). More South Korea/Japan‐HCPs felt PwO as themselves responsible for WL (74% vs 55%; P < 0.05). More than two‐of‐three South Korea/Japan‐HCPs (vs four‐of‐five global) were motivated to help PwO in WL.ConclusionsSouth Korea/Japan PwO had differences in their attitudes and behaviors toward obesity care. These findings support the need for increased public awareness of obesity as a disease and for HCPs to play active role initiating weight management dialogue.
Individual and prescription level factors associated with overdose in opioid naïve older people
Authors: Little Kacey , El Ibrahimi Sanae , Yoo Jiah , Flores Diana , Hendricks Michelle , Hildebran Christi , Ritter Grant , Wright Dagan , Loy Bryan , Weiner Scott G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpioid naïve older adults may be at risk of overdose after receiving an initial opioid prescription.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study from a linked dataset of patients in Oregon, linking all payer claims data to other administrative datasets, aimed to assess the prescription‐ and patient‐level characteristics associated with increased odds of opioid overdose after an initial opioid prescription. Included patients were ≥65 years old and received an index pain‐formulation opioid prescription between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was an index nonfatal or fatal overdose within 6‐ or 12‐months following index prescription. Patient characteristics included age, sex, insurance plan, number of medical comorbidities, and presence of psychiatric comorbidities. Prescription characteristics included opioid type, duration of action, and days' supply. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association with opioid overdose.ResultsThere were 223,799 individuals included for analysis (58.6% 65–74 years old, 53.9% female). There were 183 fatal or nonfatal opioid overdoses in 6 months and 232 in 12 months following the index prescription. Adults aged ≥85 years were less likely to experience an overdose versus those 65–74 years (6‐month adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.35, [95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.59]; 12‐month aOR 0.38 [0.24–0.60]). Multiple factors were associated with increased odds, including dually enrolled in Medicare/Medicaid compared to commercial insurance (6‐month aOR 5.99, [1.93–19.65]; 12‐month aOR 3.53, [1.58–7.90]), three or more comorbidities compared to none: (6‐month aOR 3.69, [1.91–8.13]; 12‐month aOR 4.24, [2.32–7.74]), history of depression: (6‐month aOR 1.94, [1.34–2.81]; 12‐month aOR 2.20, [1.60–3.04]), received long‐acting opioids (6‐month aOR 5.76, [1.56–21.22]; 12‐month aOR 4.0, [1.39–11.55]) compared to short‐acting.ConclusionsFor older adults, there is an association between opioid overdose risk and factors including patient insurance type, patient comorbidities, and receiving a long‐acting opioid prescription. Providers should be aware of the risks of opioids in this population.
A complete workflow from embalmed specimens to life‐like 3D virtual models for veterinary anatomy teaching
Authors: Durrani Zeeshan , Penrose Fay , Anderson James , Ricci Emanuele , Carr Stephanie , Ressel Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding normal structural and functional anatomy is critical for health professionals across various fields such as medicine, veterinary, and dental courses. The landscape of anatomical education has evolved tremendously due to several challenges and advancements in blended learning approaches, which have led to the adoption of the use of high‐fidelity 3D digital models in anatomical education. Cost‐effective methods such as photogrammetry, which creates digital 3D models from aligning 2D photographs, provide a viable alternative to expensive imaging techniques (i.e. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) whilst maintaining photorealism and serving multiple purposes, including surgical planning and research. This study outlines a comprehensive workflow for producing realistic 3D digital models from embalmed veterinary specimens. The process begins with the preservation of specimens using the modified‐WhitWell (WhitWell‐Liverpool) embalming protocol, which ensures optimal tissue rigidity and improved colour enhancement, facilitating easier manipulation and better photogrammetry outcomes. Once embalmed, specimens are photographed to create digital 3D models using photogrammetry. Briefly, all images are processed to generate a sparse point cloud, which is then rendered into a 3D mesh. The mesh undergoes decimation and smoothing to reduce computational load, and a texture is applied to create a lifelike model. Additional colour enhancements and adjustments are made using digital tools to restore the natural appearance of the specimens. The 3D models are stored on a cloud repository and integrated into the University of Liverpool's Virtual Learning Environment, providing continuous, remote access to high‐quality anatomical resources. The switch to embalmed specimens during the COVID‐19 pandemic allowed for longer‐term use and detailed dissections, enhancing the quality of digital models. Fresh specimens, though naturally coloured, are less stable for photogrammetry, making embalmed specimens preferable for accurate 3D modelling. Our method ensures embalmed specimens are rigid enough for precise modelling while allowing texture adjustments to enhance digital representation. This approach has improved logistical efficiency, educational delivery, and specimen quality. Innovative embalming techniques and advanced photogrammetry have the power to revolutionise anatomical education with the creation of a vast digital library accessible online to students at any time. This approach paves the way for integrating digital 3D models into immersive environments and assessing their impact on learning outcomes.
The Global Credit Spread Puzzle
Authors: HUANG JING‐ZHI , NOZAWA YOSHIO , SHI ZHAN 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe examine the ability of structural models to predict credit spreads using global default data and security‐level credit spread data in eight developed economies. We find that two representative, pure default‐risk models tend to underpredict the average credit spreads on investment‐grade (IG) bonds, especially their spreads over government bonds, thereby providing evidence for a “global credit spread puzzle.” However, a model incorporating endogenous liquidity in the secondary debt market helps mitigate the puzzle. Furthermore, the model captures certain determinants of corporate bond market frictions across the eight economies and substantially improves the cross‐sectional fit of individual IG credit spreads.