Use of PNUTGRO model for optimization of sowing date and plant spacing to maximize yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , BALASUBRAMANIAN R. , KULKARNI P. S. , SHEKH A. M. , SINGH PIARA 
Published: November 2021

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Field experiments were conducted at Anand, Gujarat during 1987-90 to validate the PNUTGRO model. The model was used to predict phenology, growth, development and yield of groundnut. The simulated flowering, pegging, pod formation and pod maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, shelling % and pod yield of groundnut were compared with the observed values for three cultivars viz., GAUG 10, GAUG 2 and Ro-33-1. The simulated phenological events showed a deviation of –1 to +5 days for flowering, +2 to +6 days for peg formation, -3 to +6 days for pod formation and –6 to +5 days for pod maturity of the crop. The model estimated leaf area index within 91.8 to 105.8% and shelling percentage within 81.5 to 109.8% of the actual values. The model simulated the pod yields within 88.5 to 112.7% of the observed values. The results obtained with the model for the four consecutive crops and seasons revealed satisfactory prediction of phenology, growth, development and yield of groundnut. The percent error between observed and simulated pod yield was 11% which indicated satisfactory prediction by the model. The degree of agreement (d) ranged between 0.03 and 1.77 except for LAI indicating satisfactory performance of the model.
Results of simulation studies indicated that when there is a possibility of high rainfall higher pod yield can be achieved by adopting closer spacing and early sowing (one week earlier than normal date of sowing) compared to normal spacing and date of sowing.