bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous pneumothorax during nintedanib therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Sumi Toshiyuki , Uehara Hirofumi , Tada Makoto , Keira Yoshiko , Kamada Koki , Shijubou Naoki , Yamada Yuichi , Nakata Hisashi , Mori Yuji , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Nintedanib, an antifibrotic drug, has recently been approved for treating SSc‐ILD. Although there have been no reports suggesting the development of pneumothorax with nintedanib use, its safety in patients with impaired lung function is unclear. We observed the development of refractory spontaneous pneumothorax during nintedanib therapy in two patients with SSc‐ILD and impaired lung function. Nintedanib use for SSc‐ILD, an extensive disease, may therefore increase the risk of pneumothorax. In addition, pneumothorax is more likely to be refractory in these cases; initiation of nintedanib treatment and follow‐up should be considered carefully.
Resident vs nonresident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell interactions with B lymphocytes result in disparate outcomes
Authors: Lee Wei , Wang Li-Tzu , Yen Men-Luh , Hsu Pei-Ju , Lee Yu-Wei , Liu Ko-Jiunn , Lin Kuo-I , Su Yu-Wen , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Yen B. Linju 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from multiple organs including the bone marrow (BM) and placenta harbor clinically relevant immunomodulation best demonstrated toward T lymphocytes. Surprisingly, there is limited knowledge on interactions with B lymphocytes, which originate from the BM where there is a resident MSC. With increasing data demonstrating MSC tissue-specific propensities impacting therapeutic outcome, we therefore investigated the interactions of BM-MSCs—its resident and “niche” MSC—and placental MSCs (P-MSCs), another source of MSCs with well-characterized immunomodulatory properties, on the global functional outcomes of pan-peripheral B cell populations. We found that P-MSCs but not BM-MSCs significantly inhibit proliferation and further differentiation of stimulated human peripheral B populations in vitro. Moreover, although BM-MSCs preserve multiple IL-10-producing regulatory B cell (Breg) subsets, P-MSCs significantly increase all subsets. To corroborate these in vitro findings in vivo, we used a mouse model of B-cell activation and found that adoptive transfer of P-MSCs but not BM-MSCs significantly decreased activated B220+ B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of P-MSCs but not BM-MSCs significantly decreased the overall B220+ B-cell proliferation and further differentiation, similar to the in vitro findings. P-MSCs also increased two populations of IL-10-producing murine Bregs more strongly than BM-MSCs. Transcriptome analyses demonstrated multifactorial differences between BM- and P-MSCs in the profile of relevant factors involved in B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results highlight the divergent outcomes of tissue-specific MSCs interactions with peripheral B cells, and demonstrate the importance of understanding tissue-specific differences to achieve more efficacious outcome with MSC therapy.
An In Situ Coupling Strategy toward Porous Carbon Liquid with Permanent Porosity
Authors: Li Peipei , Wang Dechao , Zhang Lu , Liu Chao , Wu Fei , Wang Yongkun , Wang Zheng , Zhao Zhenhuan , Wu Weiwei , Liang Yanping , Li Zhimin , Wang Weidong , Zheng Yaping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn in situ coupling approach is used to fabricate the porous carbon liquid with permanent porosity by directly dispersing hollow carbon nanospheres in polymerized ionic liquids. It is a kind of homogenous and stable type III porous liquid at room temperature. Because of the well‐preserved permanent porosity, this unique porous carbon liquid is capable of absorbing the largest quantity of carbon dioxide than the reference PILs and solid carbon liquid, thus, can function as a promising candidate for application in gas storage. More importantly, this approach not only provides an easy method to tune the properties of those specific porous liquids, but also is suitable for fabricating other porous liquid based on varied porous structures (e.g., porous carbon nitride, porous boron nitride, and polymer with intrinsic microporosity), thus paving a viable path for the rational design and synthesis of novel porous liquids with functional properties for specific applications.
Authenticated secret session key using elliptic curve digital signature algorithm
Authors: Mehibel Nissa , Hamadouche M'hamed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElliptic curve Diffie‐Hellman (ECDH) scheme is the basic key exchange used in elliptic curve cryptography. ECDH is a public key cryptosystem based on the discrete logarithm problem, but is vulnerable to man‐in‐the‐middle attack because it does not authenticate the secret session key. The integration of the elliptic curve digital signature allows authenticating the secret session key of the ECDH scheme (A‐ECDH). However, it is a technique (A‐ECDH) that uses a single random variable and it has been shown in the literature that a single random variable does not make the system secure. Therefore, the use of two random variables has been suggested to secure an authentication scheme. In this paper, a new authentication scheme using the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm is proposed. The performance analysis of the proposed authentication protocol is performed. The comparative results from the perspective of security and computation time showed that the proposed authentication protocol is more efficient in terms of computation time compared to the related works and it provides all the security features.
Digital forensic readiness in operational cloud leveraging ISO/IEC 27043 guidelines on security monitoring
Authors: Makura Sheunesu , Venter H. S. , Kebande Victor R. , Karie Nickson M. , Ikuesan Richard A. , Alawadi Sadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn increase in the use of cloud computing technologies by organizations has led to cybercriminals targeting cloud environments to orchestrate malicious attacks. Conversely, this has led to the need for proactive approaches through the use of digital forensic readiness (DFR). Existing studies have attempted to develop proactive prototypes using diverse agent‐based solutions that are capable of extracting a forensically sound potential digital evidence. As a way to address this limitation and further evaluate the degree of PDE relevance in an operational platform, this study sought to develop a prototype in an operational cloud environment to achieve DFR in the cloud. The prototype is deployed and executed in cloud instances hosted on OpenStack: the operational cloud environment. The experiments performed in this study show that it is viable to attain DFR in an operational cloud platform. Further observations show that the prototype is capable of harvesting digital data from cloud instances and store the data in a forensic sound database. The prototype also prepares the operational cloud environment to be forensically ready for digital forensic investigations without alternating the functionality of the OpenStack cloud architecture by leveraging the ISO/IEC 27043 guidelines on security monitoring.
Rain erosion of wind turbine blades and the effect of air bubbles in the coatings
Authors: Fæster Søren , Johansen Nicolai Frost‐Jensen , Mishnaevsky Leon , Kusano Yukihiro , Bech Jakob Ilsted , Madsen Martin Bonde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeading edge erosion on a wind turbine blade from Vindeby offshore wind farm is characterized by X‐ray tomography, and air bubbles within the top coat are observed. Similar coating systems with and almost without air bubbles within the top coat are tested on a R&D Test Systems style whirling arm rain erosion tester (RET) and found to have different V–N curves. In general, the slope of the two curves was comparable. However, the absolute performance value with RET differs significantly with up to 2.6 times performance advantage to the coating with less bubbles. A micromechanical model of the coating system that takes the air bubbles into account has been developed, and air bubbles are found to have critical effect on the crack initialization in the coating.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 7 On-shell diagrams and supergravity amplitudes in momentum twistor space
Authors: Armstrong Connor , Farrow Joseph A. , Lipstein Arthur E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We derive an on-shell diagram recursion for tree-level scattering amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 7 supergravity. The diagrams are evaluated in terms of Grassmannian integrals and momentum twistors, generalising previous results of Hodges in momentum twistor space to non-MHV amplitudes. In particular, we recast five and six-point NMHV amplitudes in terms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 7 R-invariants analogous to those of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills, which makes cancellation of spurious poles more transparent. Above 5-points, this requires defining momentum twistors with respect to different orderings of the external momenta.
Solving the 2D SUSY Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model with conformal truncation
Authors: Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Katz Emanuel , Walters Matthew T. , Xin Yuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We use Lightcone Conformal Truncation to analyze the RG flow of the two-dimensional supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theory, i.e. the theory of a real scalar superfield with a ℤ2-symmetric cubic superpotential, aka the 2d Wess-Zumino model. The theory depends on a single dimensionless coupling $$ \overline{g} $$

g
¯

, and is expected to have a critical point at a tuned value $$ {\overline{g}}_{\ast } $$

g
¯

∗

where it flows in the IR to the Tricritical Ising Model (TIM); the theory spontaneously breaks the ℤ2 symmetry on one side of this phase transition, and breaks SUSY on the other side. We calculate the spectrum of energies as a function of $$ \overline{g} $$

g
¯

and see the gap close as the critical point is approached, and numerically read off the critical exponent ν in TIM. Beyond the critical point, the gap remains nearly zero, in agreement with the expectation of a massless Goldstino. We also study spectral functions of local operators on both sides of the phase transition and compare to analytic predictions where possible. In particular, we use the Zamolodchikov C-function to map the entire phase diagram of the theory. Crucial to this analysis is the fact that our truncation is able to preserve supersymmetry sufficiently to avoid any additional fine tuning.
Influence of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on the interdental papilla height of maxillary central incisors
Authors: Noverraz Stéphanie , Noverraz Yannick , Xi Tong , Schols Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of orthodontic treatment with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) on the interdental papilla height of maxillary central incisors.

Methods
In this retrospective study, patients who completed orthodontic treatment including SARME at the Radboud University Medical Center Orthodontic Department before December 2019 were included. Frontal intraoral photographs taken before (T1) and after completion of treatment (T2) were examined to determine the papilla height between the maxillary central incisors using the Jemt classification. The difference between the Jemt classification at T1 and T2 (∆Jemt) was defined as the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome variables were gender, age, treatment duration, type of expansion appliance, maximal central diastema during expansion, pretreatment overlapping between the central incisors, gingival biotype, crown morphology and the distance between the bone crest and incisal contact point. Kappa statistics and paired t‑tests were used to determine reliability of the measurements. Pearson’s Χ2 test and independent t‑tests were used to compare the variables between the groups of patients with and without papillary recession. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results
In all, 93 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The Jemt score worsened for 30 patients (32%) between T1 and T2, indicating the occurrence of papillary recession. Incisal overlapping, crown morphology, small width to length ratio, increasing age and an increasing distance between crestal bone and the incisal contact point were factors associated with papillary recession.

Conclusion
After orthodontic treatment including SARME, one third of patients exhibited recession of papilla height of the maxillary central incisors.
A nationwide observational cohort study of the relationship between beta-blockade and survival after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Ahl Rebecka , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Borg Tomas , Sjölin Gabriel , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Cao Yang , Wretenberg Per , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite advances in the care of hip fractures, this area of surgery is associated with high postoperative mortality. Downregulating circulating catecholamines, released as a response to traumatic injury and surgical trauma, is believed to reduce the risk of death in noncardiac surgical patients. This effect has not been studied in hip fractures. This study aims to assess whether survival benefits are gained by reducing the effects of the hyper-adrenergic state with beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery.

Methods
This is a retrospective nationwide observational cohort study. All adults $$\ge$$
≥
18 years were identified from the prospectively collected national quality register for hip fractures in Sweden during a 10-year period. Pathological fractures were excluded. The cohort was subdivided into beta-blocker users and non-users. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and adjustments for confounders was used to evaluate 30-day mortality.

Results
134,915 patients were included of whom 38.9% had ongoing beta-blocker therapy at the time of surgery. Beta-blocker users were significantly older and less fit for surgery. Crude 30-day all-cause mortality was significantly increased in non-users (10.0% versus 3.7%, p < 0.001). Beta-blocker therapy resulted in a 72% relative risk reduction in 30-day all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.26–0.29, p < 0.001) and was independently associated with a reduction in deaths of cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular origin and deaths due to sepsis or multiorgan failure.

Conclusions
Beta-blockers are associated with significant survival benefits when undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery. Outlined results strongly encourage an interventional design to validate the observed relationship.
Exploring families of energy-dissipation landscapes via tilting: three types of EDP convergence
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Montefusco Alberto , Peletier Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce two new concepts of convergence of gradient systems$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε)to a limiting gradient system$$({\mathbf{Q}},{{\mathcal {E}}}_0,{{\mathcal {R}}}_0)$$(Q,E0,R0). These new concepts are called ‘EDP convergence with tilting’ and ‘contact–EDP convergence with tilting.’ Both are based on the energy-dissipation-principle (EDP) formulation of solutions of gradient systems and can be seen as refinements of the Gamma-convergence for gradient flows first introduced by Sandier and Serfaty. The two new concepts are constructed in order to avoid the ‘unnatural’ limiting gradient structures that sometimes arise as limits in EDP convergence. EDP convergence with tilting is a strengthening of EDP convergence by requiring EDP convergence for a full family of ‘tilted’ copies of$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε). It avoids unnatural limiting gradient structures, but many interesting systems are non-convergent according to this concept. Contact–EDP convergence with tilting is a relaxation of EDP convergence with tilting and still avoids unnatural limits but applies to a broader class of sequences$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε). In this paper, we define these concepts, study their properties, and connect them with classical EDP convergence. We illustrate the different concepts on a number of test problems.
Modeling of orientational polarization within the framework of extended micropolar theory
Authors: Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Müller Wolfgang H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper the process of polarization of transversally polarizable matter is investigated based on concepts from micropolar theory. The process is modeled as a structural change of a dielectric material. On the microscale it is assumed that it consists of rigid dipoles subjected to an external electric field, which leads to a certain degree of ordering. The ordering is limited, because it is counteracted by thermal motion, which favors stochastic orientation of the dipoles. An extended balance equation for the microinertia tensor is used to model these effects. This balance contains a production term. The constitutive equations for this term are split into two parts, one , which accounts for the orienting effect of the applied external electric field, and another one, which is used to represent chaotic thermal motion. Two relaxation times are used to characterize the impact of each term on the temporal development. In addition homogenization techniques are applied in order to determine the final state of polarization. The traditional homogenization is based on calculating the average effective length of polarized dipoles. In a non-traditional approach the inertia tensor of the rigid rods is homogenized. Both methods lead to similar results. The final states of polarization are then compared with the transient simulation. By doing so it becomes possible to link the relaxation times to the finally observed state of order, which in terms of the finally obtained polarization is a measurable quantity.
BCC-ESM1 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP)
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Fang , Furtado Kalli , Xin Xiaoge , Shi Xueli , Li Jianglong , Chu Min , Zhang Li , Liu Qianxia , Yan Jinghui , Wei Min , Ma Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBCC-ESM1 is the first version of the Beijing Climate Center’s Earth System Model, and is participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) is the only CMIP6-endorsed MIP in which BCC-ESM1 is involved. All AerChemMIP experiments in priority 1 and seven experiments in priorities 2 and 3 have been conducted. The DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations have also been run as the entry card of CMIP6. The AerChemMIP outputs from BCC-ESM1 have been widely used in recent atmospheric chemistry studies. To facilitate the use of the BCC-ESM1 datasets, this study describes the experiment settings and summarizes the model outputs in detail. Preliminary evaluations of BCC-ESM1 are also presented, revealing that: the climate sensitivities of BCC-ESM1 are well within the likely ranges suggested by IPCC AR5; the spatial structures of annual mean surface air temperature and precipitation can be reasonably captured, despite some common precipitation biases as in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models; a spurious cooling bias from the 1960s to 1990s is evident in BCC-ESM1, as in most other ESMs; and the mean states of surface sulfate concentrations can also be reasonably reproduced, as well as their temporal evolution at regional scales. These datasets have been archived on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node for atmospheric chemistry studies.
The Assessment of Global Surface Temperature Change from 1850s: The C-LSAT2.0 Ensemble and the CMST-Interim Datasets
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Li Qingxiang , Huang Boyin , Cheng Jiayi , Song Zhaoyang , Li Haiyan , Dong Wenjie , Zhai Panmao , Jones Phil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on C-LSAT2.0, using high- and low-frequency components reconstruction methods, combined with observation constraint masking, a reconstructed C-LSAT2.0 with 756 ensemble members from the 1850s to 2018 has been developed. These ensemble versions have been merged with the ERSSTv5 ensemble dataset, and an upgraded version of the CMST-Interim dataset with 5° × 5° resolution has been developed. The CMST-Interim dataset has significantly improved the coverage rate of global surface temperature data. After reconstruction, the data coverage before 1950 increased from 78%–81% of the original CMST to 81%–89%. The total coverage after 1955 reached about 93%, including more than 98% in the Northern Hemisphere and 81%–89% in the Southern Hemisphere. Through the reconstruction ensemble experiments with different parameters, a good basis is provided for more systematic uncertainty assessment of C-LSAT2.0 and CMST-Interim. In comparison with the original CMST, the global mean surface temperatures are estimated to be cooler in the second half of 19th century and warmer during the 21st century, which shows that the global warming trend is further amplified. The global warming trends are updated from 0.085 ± 0.004°C (10 yr)−1 and 0.128 ± 0.006°C (10 yr)−1 to 0.089 ± 0.004°C (10 yr)−1 and 0.137 ± 0.007°C (10 yr)−1, respectively, since the start and the second half of 20th century.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in massive rotator cuff tears: does the Hamada classification predict clinical outcomes?
Authors: Kääb Max J. , Kohut Georges , Irlenbusch Ulrich , Joudet Thierry , Reuther Falk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a widely recognized treatment to reduce pain and improve shoulder function for patients in various disease stages of cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). However, it remains unclear whether outcomes after RTSA depend on the preoperative stage of CTA. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the Hamada classification influences midterm clinical outcomes after RTSA.

Materials and methods
In this multicenter observational study, patients underwent inverted bearing RTSA for massive rotator cuff tears or CTA. Shoulders were grouped into those with (Hamada grades 4a, 4b, and 5) and those without (Hamada grades 1, 2, and 3) glenohumeral arthritis. Clinical outcomes, including range of motion, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction, were determined preoperatively and at 24 and > 30 months. All complications were recorded, and survival free from any implant component revision was calculated.

Results
Overall, 202 patients (211 shoulders) were treated with RTSA at a mean age of 75.8 ± 6.6 years (range 41.9–91.6 years). Of these, 144 patients (151 shoulders) were available for a mean follow-up of 79.9 ± 24.7 months (range 30.2–132.3 months). No significant between-group differences were found for clinical outcomes at 24 and > 30 months (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the Hamada classification did not correlate with clinical outcomes at 24 (P = 0.98) and > 30 months (P = 0.29). Revision-free implant component survival was similar between groups (P = 0.17). Postoperative complications were found in 11 shoulders, of which 10 required revision.

Conclusions
Inverted bearing RTSA was found to be an effective treatment with similarly good midterm clinical outcomes, similar revision rates, and high implant survival rates in every stage of massive rotator cuff tears. Overall, the preoperative Hamada classification did not influence clinical outcomes or complications after RTSA.