bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-omics study links TNS3 and SEPT7 to long-term former smoking NSCLC survival
Authors: Shen Sipeng , Wei Yongyue , Li Yi , Duan Weiwei , Dong Xuesi , Lin Lijuan , You Dongfang , Tardon Adonina , Chen Chu , Field John K. , Hung Rayjean J. , Liu Geoffrey , Zhu Dakai , Amos Christopher I. , Su Li , Zhao Yang , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Zhang Ruyang , Chen Feng , Christiani David C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genetic architecture of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relevant to smoking status. However, the genetic contribution of long-term smoking cessation to the prognosis of NSCLC patients remains largely unknown. We conducted a genome-wide association study primarily on the prognosis of 1299 NSCLC patients of long-term former smokers from independent discovery (n = 566) and validation (n = 733) sets, and used in-silico function prediction and multi-omics analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on prognostics with NSCLC. We further detected SNPs with at least moderate association strength on survival within each group of never, short-term former, long-term former, and current smokers, and compared their genetic similarity at the SNP, gene, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), enhancer, and pathway levels. We identified two SNPs, rs34211819TNS3 at 7p12.3 (P = 3.90 × 10−9) and rs1143149SEPT7 at 7p14.2 (P = 9.75 × 10−9), were significantly associated with survival of NSCLC patients who were long-term former smokers. Both SNPs had significant interaction effects with years of smoking cessation (rs34211819TNS3: Pinteraction = 8.0 × 10−4; rs1143149SEPT7: Pinteraction = 0.003). In addition, in silico function prediction and multi-omics analysis provided evidence that these QTLs were associated with survival. Moreover, comparison analysis found higher genetic similarity between long-term former smokers and never-smokers, compared to short-term former smokers or current smokers. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated a unique pattern among long-term former smokers that was related to immune pathways. This study provides important insights into the genetic architecture associated with long-term former smoking NSCLC.
The Impact of Pass/Refer Criteria in the Use of Otoacoustic Emission Technology for Newborn Hearing Screening
Authors: Kanji Amisha , Naudé Alida 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe current study aimed to compare the specificity of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in isolation and in combination, with varying pass/refer criteria for DPOAE technology.MethodA longitudinal, repeated-measures design was employed. The current study sample comprised 91 of the initial 325 participants who returned for the repeat screening and diagnostic audiological assessment within a risk-based newborn hearing screening program.ResultsTEOAE screening had the highest specificity in comparison to DPOAE screening at the initial and repeat screening, irrespective of differences in DPOAE pass/refer criteria. DPOAE screening had a slightly higher specificity, with a three out of six rather than the four out of six frequency pass criteria.ConclusionsPass/refer criteria alone do not influence referral rates and specificity. Instead, consideration of other factors in combination with these criteria is important. More research is required in terms of the sensitivity and specificity of OAE screening technology using repeated-measures and diagnostic audiological evaluation as the gold standard.
English Narrative Macrostructure Development of Spanish–English Bilingual Children From Preschool to First Grade
Authors: Bitetti Dana , Hammer Carol Scheffner 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis longitudinal study examined the development of seven macrostructure features in the English narratives of Spanish–English bilingual children from the beginning of preschool to the end of first grade and examined whether the timing of English exposure impacted this development.MethodNarratives were collected over 4 years for 103 children of Puerto Rican descent. Narratives were elicited in the fall and spring of each year and coded for macrostructure using the Narrative Scoring Scheme, which generates a score for each macrostructure feature. Using parent report of the timing of English exposure, the children were grouped according to whether they had learned Spanish and English from birth (home English communication) or whether they had been primarily exposed to English in Head Start (school English communication [SEC]).ResultsGrowth curve models revealed that the children's production of all seven narrative features demonstrated growth over the 4 years. Some features demonstrated slowed growth during the school years. Though the children in the SEC group began Head Start with significantly lower macrostructure scores than the children in the home English communication group, the SEC children demonstrated faster growth rates for a majority of features once schooling began.ConclusionsThe results provide information about the unique developmental progression of each macrostructure feature in the English narratives of bilingual children. The findings suggest that individual macrostructure features were susceptible to the effects of the timing of English exposure. The preschool years mark an important time to promote bilingual children's narrative production, especially for children exposed primarily to Spanish at home.
A comparative study of switched reluctance motors with a single‐phase and a novel Synchronous double‐phase excitation mode
Authors: Zhu Yueying , Zhao Chengwen , Yin Liliang , Zhou Hao , Xing Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo obtain a short flux path and improve the torque performance, a double‐phase excitation (DE) was generally used for switched reluctance motor (SRM). But the torque ripple of the SRM working under DE with traditional winding distribution increases because of the inconsistent electromagnetic field. To deal with this problem, an 8/6 SRM working under DE with novel winding distribution (DESRM) is proposed here. In order to comprehensively analyse the electromagnetic performance of DESRM, it is compared with a traditional single‐excitation SRM and double‐excitation SRM with traditional winding, in terms of air flux density, radial and tangential force components, inductance, torque, and losses. The theoretical and finite element analysis results reveal the cause of differences on torque and vibration of the motor as well as the mechanism of generating different motor performance. In addition, the analysis shows that the proposed DESRM generates a higher torque with a reduced torque ripple. Finally, a pair of prototypes with different winding configurations is designed and used to verify the theoretical analysis.
Impact of Pre- and Intraoperative Factors on Endothelial Cell Density in the Early and Late Stage after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Brand Jessica , Langenbucher Achim , Zemova Elena , Stachon Tanja , Weber Melanie , Rebmann Jerome , Seitz Berthold , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim This retrospective investigated the impact of donor age, recipient age, donor endothelial cell density, vis-à-tergo, and additional intraoperative lens exchange (triple-procedure) on overall early and late phase postoperative endothelial cell density (ECD) following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in various diagnosis groups.
Patients and Methods In 590 cases with diagnosed keratoconus (KC), Fuchs dystrophy (FD) and herpes simplex virus infection (HSV) who underwent PKP or triple surgery, the ECD in cells/mm2 was analysed, both preoperatively, with all-sutures-in (early postoperative stage), and after last suture removal. The factors were tested by Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.
Outcome Correlation analysis demonstrated a weak negative correlation between the patientʼs ECD and donor age (early postoperative stage: r = − 0.25, p < 0.001; after last suture removal: r = − 0.16; p = 0.003). Regression analysis revealed that donor age did not impact postoperative patient ECD. There was a weak negative correlation between postoperative ECD and recipient age (early postoperative stage: r = − 0.31, p < 0.001; after last suture removal: r = − 0.34, p < 0.001). Regression analysis confirmed the negative impact of recipient age on patient ECD (early postoperative stage: β = − 13.2, p = 0.001; after last suture removal: β = − 4.6, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis determined a weak positive correlation between postoperative ECD and donor endothelial cell density (early postoperative stage: r = 0.37, p < 0.001; after last suture removal: r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Regression analysis also determined that donor endothelial cell density had
a positive impact on postoperative ECD following last suture removal (β = 0.4, p < 0.001). Vis-à-tergo and additional lens exchange (triple procedure) had no significant effect on postoperative ECD (p > 0.05). This was also confirmed by the results of the regression analysis after last suture removal.
Conclusion Recipient age and donor endothelial cell density have a significant impact on postoperative ECD following PKP. Not all of the statistical tests proved donor age to be a significant influencing factor. Vis-à-tergo and additional lens exchange (triple procedure) had no significant effect on postoperative ECD following PKP.
Influence of Mitomycin C on the Therapeutic Success of Stand-Alone Xen45 Gel Stents and Its Combination with Cataract Surgery in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Denkel Laura , Hohberger Bettina , Lämmer Robert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), like Xen45 gel stents, is known as effective therapy in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP); however, fibrotic reactions are a common problem in postoperative management. It was the aim of this study to investigate the therapeutic success of Xen45 gel stents as a stand-alone technique (Xen) and combined with cataract surgery (XenPhaco), and with antimetabolites (mitomycin C, MMC) in open-angle glaucoma patients.
Methods Retrospective analysis was performed of 199 eyes of 177 glaucoma patients of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen Nürnberg, and from the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry (NCT00494923; ISSN 2191-5008, CS-2011) who underwent implantation of a Xen45 gel stent. Therapeutic success was defined as IOP reduction of ≥ 20% on the same or less anti-glaucomatous medication after 12 months compared to preoperative and without any additional glaucoma-related surgery (except bleb needling). IOP reduction, reduction in local anti-glaucomatous eye drops, and intra- and postoperative complications were monitored.
Results Stand-alone Xen45 gel stent: therapeutic success was reached in 39% (–MMC) and 55% (+MMC). Failure rate was 61% (–MMC) and 45% (+MMC). XenPhaco: therapeutic success was achieved in 57% (–MMC) and 46% (+MMC). Failure rate was 43% (-MMC) and 54% (+MMC). Data were not different for group and subgroup analyses (p > 0.05).
Conclusions The use of MMC seemed to increase the therapeutic success rate after stand-alone Xen45 gel stent implantation and combined with cataract surgery, yet statistical significant was not reached.
Entwöhnung von der Beatmung (Weaning) nach Langzeitbeatmung infolge SARS-CoV-2-Infektion
Authors: Schäfer H. , Michels I. C. , Bucher B. , Dock-Rust D. , Hellstern A. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es sollte untersucht werden, ob Unterschiede im Weaning bei Langzeitbeatmung infolge einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion bestehen.
Methode Es wurden für den Zeitraum Januar bis Juli 2020 Patientendaten aus dem Weaning-Register des Institutes für Lungenforschung (ILF) ausgewertet. Hierbei wurden nur abgeschlossene Weaning-Fälle aus dem eigenen Zentrum berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 28 Patienten ausgewertet werden, 11 wurden wegen Langzeitbeatmung nach SARS-CoV-2-Infektion behandelt, 17 Patienten hatten keine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. 81,2 % der SARS-CoV-2-Patienten und 76,4 % der SARS-CoV-2-negativen Patienten konnten erfolgreich von der Beatmung entwöhnt werden. Die Mortalität lag bei 18,2 % in der SARS-CoV-2-positiven Gruppe und 11,8 % in der SARS-CoV-2-negativen Gruppe. Bei den Patienten mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion handelte es sich hauptsächlich um Männer mit kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen und Raucheranamnese. Ein ARDS war hier die häufigste Ursache der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit Langzeitbeatmung im Rahmen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion können erfolgreich vom Respirator entwöhnt werden. Männliche Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen und Raucheranamnese scheinen häufiger von einer prolongierten Entwöhnung vom Respirator betroffen zu sein.
Synthesis of Spiro[indazole-3,3′-indolin]-2′-ones and Indazolo [2,3-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones from Arynes and Isatin-Derived N-Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Cheng Bin , Wang Taimin , Zhai Hongbin , He Yixuan , Zhang Xinping , Li Hui , Ding Zijie , Feng Lizhe , Sun Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA formal (3+2) annulation reaction between isatin-derived N-tosylhydrazones and o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates allows facile synthesis of spiro[indazole-3,3′-indolin]-2′-ones in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, indazolo[2,3-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones could be accessed from the same starting materials in one-pot fashion via an annulation/rearrangement pathway.
Visible Light as the Key for the Formation of Carbon–Sulfur Bonds in Sulfones, Thioethers, and Sulfonamides: An Update
Authors: Renzi Polyssena , Azzi Emanuele , Lanfranco Alberto , Moro Riccardo , Deagostino Annamaria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes the most relevant advancements made in the photocatalyzed synthesis of sulfones, thioethers, and sulfonamides from 2017 to the beginning of 2021. Synthetic strategies towards the construction of sulfur–carbon bonds are discussed together with the proposed reaction mechanisms. Interestingly, sulfur-based functional groups, which are of fundamental importance for the pharmaceutical field, can be assembled by photocatalysis in an easy and straightforward way under milder reaction conditions employing less toxic and expensive sulfur sources in comparison with common strategies.1	Introduction2	Sulfones2.1	Sodium Sulfinates and Sulfinic Acids2.2	Sulfonyl Halides2.3	Sulfonyl Hydrazones2.4	Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates2.5	Miscellaneous3	Thioethers4	Sulfonamides5	Conclusions
Aldol–Tishchenko Reaction of α-Oxy Ketones: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triol Derivatives
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Sedano Carlos , Virumbrales Cintia , Suárez-Pantiga Samuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstractα-Oxy ketones, easily accessible by conventional routes, can be selectively deprotonated generating an enolate intermediate, which upon treatment with paraformaldehyde undergoes an aldol–Tishchenko reaction, leading to relevant 1,2,3-triol fragments in a totally diastereoselective manner. The excellent stereocontrol in the generation of a quaternary stereocenter is attributed to stereoelectronic effects in the Evans intermediate. This methodology allows overcoming some limitations of our previously reported strategy, based on the reaction of α-lithiobenzyl ethers with esters and paraformaldehyde, broadening the scope of the obtained polyols. Synthetic applications of this process include the preparation of a new dilignol model and some functionalized oxetanes.
Base-Free Catalytic Wittig-/Cross-Coupling Reaction Sequence as Short Synthetic Strategy for the Preparation of Highly Functionalized Arylbenzoxepinones
Authors: Werner Thomas , Grandane Aiga , Pudnika Linda , Domraceva Ilona , Zalubovskis Raivis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe facile synthesis of highly functionalized building blocks with potential biological activity is of great interest to medicinal chemistry. The benzoxepinone core structures commonly exhibit biological activity. Thus, a short and efficient synthetic route towards benzoxepine containing scaffold, which enables late stage modification was developed. Namely, base-free catalytic Wittig reactions enabled the synthesis of bromobenzoxepinones from readily available starting materials. Subsequent, Suzuki–Miyaura and Stille reactions proved to be suitable methods to access a variety of benzoxepinone diaryl derivatives by late stage modification in only three steps. This three-step reaction sequence is suitable for high throughput applications and gives facile access to highly complex molecular structures, which are suitable for further functionalization. The antiproliferative properties of selected arylbenzoxepinones­ were tested in vitro on monolayer tumor cell line A549. Notably, in this initial screening, these compounds were found to be active in the micromolar range.
Direct Approach to 3-Fluoroindoles and 3,3-Difluoroindolines from 2,2-Difluoro-2-phenylethan-1-amines via C–H/N–H Coupling
Authors: Cui Yongmei , Yang Chunhao , Zhang Lanfei , Zhang Xiaofei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a direct method for the synthesis of 3-fluoroindoles and 3,3-difluoroindolines from easily accessible 2,2-difluoro-2-phenyl­ethan-1-amines is presented. This protocol was performed by Pd-catalyzed direct C–H/N–H coupling and employed picolinamide as a directing group. By controlling the temperature for this transformation, various 3,3-difluoroindolines and 3-fluoroindoles could be isolated with moderate to good yields.
A Single-Step Asymmetric Phosphodiester Synthesis from Alcohols with Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphodiester
Authors: Yamatsugu Kenzo , Kanai Motomu , Fujiyoshi Kohei , Kawashima Shigehiro A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhosphodiesters are important structural motifs observed in a diverse field of molecular science. It is, thus, important to develop a simple and robust way to synthesize them from corresponding alcohols. Here we report a single-step asymmetric phosphodiester synthesis from alcohols with phosphoenolpyruvate phosphodiesters as phosphoryl donors. This transformation allows for the use of various functionalized alcohols as substrates and would be useful for diverse fields including biology and medicine.
Telomere and Telomerase: Biological Markers of Organic Vital Force State and Homeopathic Treatment Effectiveness
Authors: Teixeira Marcus Zulian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Philosophical–scientific correlations described in previous studies suggest that the genome can be the biological representation of the vital force, whilst the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the biological representation of the chronic miasmas. In this study, we expand the functional correlation between vital force and chromosomes, describing the mechanism of action of the telomere–telomerase complex in the context of physiological balance.
Aims The aim of the work is to study the role of the telomere–telomerase complex in cell vitality, biological aging, and the health-disease process, with the goal of proposing the use of telomere length as a biomarker of the vital force state and the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment.
Results Similar to the vital force, telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity play an important role in maintaining cellular vitality, biological longevity, and physiological homeostasis. Telomere shortening functions as a biomarker of vital imbalance and is associated with numerous diseases and health disorders. On the other hand, health-promotion practices neutralize the pathological shortening of the telomeres, acting therapeutically in diseases or age-dependent health disorders.
Conclusions As a hypothetical biomarker of the vital force state, an intra-individual analysis of the mean leukocyte telomere length before, during, and after homeopathic treatment can be used as a biomarker of therapeutic effectiveness.
Clinoidal Meningioma with Cavernous Sinus Invasion
Authors: Abrao Adriana Azeredo Coutinho , da Silva Carlos Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a-49-year old female presenting headache and progressive right eye visual loss in the last 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large clinoidal meningioma on the right side, invading the superior, lateral and medial aspects of the cavernous sinus, the optic canal, and the clinoidal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA).A cranio-orbital approach was performed. The anterior clinoid process was removed extradurally to achieve devascularization of the anterior clinoidal meningioma, followed by the peeling of the middle fossa to decompress V2 and open the superior orbital fissure. We open the dura in a standard fronto-temporal flap to access the lower portion of the skull base allowing retractorless dissection. We complete the removal of the anterior clinoid process and optic strut through an intradural approach. It allows safer dissection of the clinoidal segment of the ICA and avoids its injury by adherent and hard consistency tumor.Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, sharp dissection, and avoiding the use of bipolar coagulation when dissecting the cavernous sinus are essential to minimize the risk of cranial nerve injury. We also like to point that cranial nerve deficit caused by surgical manipulation without primary lesion of the nerve can be recovered postoperatively.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/ozUCsnUGxyM.
Real-time signal processing system based on FPGA for motional Stark effect diagnostic on EAST
Authors: Liu D. M. , Yang X. H. , Fu J. , Liu L. C. , Lyu B. 
Published: May 2021

The plasma current density profile plays a key role in the development of a high poloidal beta scenario, which is essential for long-pulse and high-performance plasma operation on a tokamak. Based on the polarimetry technique, a Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic has been built on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. To be prepared for real-time (RT) feedback control of the plasma current density profile in the future, a RT signal processing system has been developed. The RT signal processing system is composed of three functional modules: analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) module, polarization information extraction module, and digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) module. The final objective of this system is to acquire the polarization information of the MSE. Based on the field-programmable gate array unit, fast Fourier transformation is adopted to process the Photoelastic Modulator (PEM) digital signal, which was converted from a PEM signal via the ADC module. By means of frequency spectrum separation, the components around double modulating frequencies are restored through inverse fast Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the two amplitudes of their corresponding components can be obtained through a digital harmonic analyzer technique. Afterward, the ratio of the two amplitudes is calculated by arc tangent so that the polarization angle is obtained. Finally, the information of this polarization angle is converted into a voltage signal by the DAC module and then output in RT. The test results based on the RT signal processing system are in good agreement with those based on the phase lock-in amplifiers. The working cycle of this system is shorter than 10 ms, which meets the requirements of the MSE diagnostic as a RT controller. The algorithm of RT signal processing and the relevant technology applied for building this system are presented in the main body of this paper in detail.