bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world experiences of the diagnosis process in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis based on a self-report questionnaire
Authors: Hur Jin-Wuk , Ko Kyung Min , Park Kyung-Su , Hong Seung-Jae , Kim Hyun-Sook , Lee Myeung-Su 
Published: April 2021

Objectives The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is often delayed, which affects various clinical outcomes. This study examined the real-world situation of patients with AS during diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data were obtained from 26 tertiary care hospitals in Korea using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed symptoms, pain, extra-articular manifestations, the initial pattern of pain before diagnosis, factors leading to delayed referral to rheumatology, time until receiving an AS diagnosis, comorbid diseases, treatment status, and disease education needs. Results Between September and October 2019, 1012 patients with AS completed the survey. Of these, 75.8% were men and 51.8% were in their 30s or 40s. Median disease duration was 76 months. The median time to diagnosis with AS was 12 months. When pain occurred, the medical departments most frequently visited first were orthopedic (61.5%) and rheumatology (18.7%) departments. The likelihood of the first visit being to the orthopedic department and the frequency of biologics use increased with the disease duration. The rates of uveitis, depressed mood, and comorbid diseases were higher in the group with delayed diagnosis. Conclusions Physicians should be aware of subtypes of AS that take longer to diagnose and comorbid diseases in the real-world clinical setting.
S100A1 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Han Chenjun , Liu Qiang , Li Yuanmin , Zang Wangfu , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2021

Objective Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular disease. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the plasma concentration of S100A1 and its diagnostic value for AAD through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. Methods Seventy-eight patients with AAD and 77 healthy controls were included, and the relevant clinical data for each group were collected. According to the Stanford classification, the AAD patients were divided into types A and B. The plasma levels of S100A1, D-dimer, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin T were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The S100A1 concentrations in the healthy control, Stanford A, and Stanford B groups were 0.7 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 2.6, and 3.5 ± 2.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of S100A1 was increased in patients with AAD complicated with aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or in-hospital death. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.89. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the S100A1 level was an important risk factor for the development of AAD. Conclusion Plasma S100A1 is significantly elevated in patients with AAD, and its concentration has potential clinical value for diagnosing AAD.
Prenatal Provider Breastfeeding Toolkit: Results of a Pilot to Increase Women’s Prenatal Breastfeeding Support, Intentions, and Outcomes
Authors: Rosen-Carole Casey , Halterman Jill , Baldwin Constance D. , Martin Hayley , Goldstein Nicolas P. N. , Allen Katherine , Fagnano Maria , Widanka Holly , Dozier Ann 
Published: April 2021

Background Breastfeeding rates for United States women with lower incomes fall below the government’s Healthy People 2020 Goals. Breastfeeding recommendations combined with support from providers and peer counselors help women decide to begin and sustain breastfeeding, but peer counselor uptake is low. Research Aim To evaluate changes in referrals to Women, Infants, and Children’s Supplemental Nutrition Program peer counselors, reported prenatal provider education and support, and breastfeeding outcomes (intention, initiation, 1-month duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding) after a prenatal breastfeeding promotion intervention. Method In this pre-post intervention study (2015–2016; upstate New York), providers implemented a Toolkit to discuss infant feeding recommendations and initiate peer counselor referral. We surveyed women pre- and post-implementation (after delivery; 1 month postpartum) about prenatal breastfeeding intentions, provider support, and breastfeeding outcomes. Analyses controlled for secular trends. Results Pre-intervention ( n = 71) and post-intervention ( n = 70) participants were 49% Black, 61% publicly insured, and 16% uninsured. More post-intervention participants had > 1 Toolkit use (76%), peer counselor program referrals (60.0% post vs. 36.6% pre, p < .01), reported any breastfeeding intention (89% vs. 72%, p = .013), and intended to breastfeed for > 1 year (31% vs. 14%, p = .014). Post-intervention breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity were higher, but not significantly different. Post-intervention participants reported better prenatal breastfeeding support. Conclusions Implementing a prenatal Breastfeeding Toolkit, including facilitating peer counselor referral, was associated with increases in provider counseling, participants’ breastfeeding intentions, and uptake of peer counselors. Replicating this approach may reinforce efforts to support breastfeeding in similar practices serving women with lower incomes.
Virtual reality is a feasible intervention platform in multiple sclerosis: A pilot protocol and acute improvements in affect
Authors: Shaw Michael T. , Palmeri Maria J. , Malik Martin , Dobbs Bryan , Charvet Leigh E. 
Published: April 2021

Background People living with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a high symptom burden that interferes with daily functioning. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology with a range of potential therapeutic applications that may include ameliorating the experience of some common MS symptoms. Objective We tested the feasibility and tolerability of a VR intervention and its preliminary effects on affect. Methods Participants with MS were recruited to complete a pilot study of eight sessions of VR over four weeks. Results A total of n = 16 participants with MS completed the study (age range: 28–63). Feasibility goals were met with 100% of the sample completing at least n = 4/8 of their intervention sessions, with a total of 119/128 (93%) completed sessions. Two of the n = 16 participants experienced brief adverse events (balance, vertigo) but these resolved with headset removal and were not otherwise treatment limiting. There was a preliminary indication of overall improved affect from baseline to intervention end, with significantly improved positive affect ( t(15) = −3.19, p = 0.006) and decreased negative affect ( t(15) = 2.25, p = 0.040). Conclusion VR interventions are feasible, safe, and tolerable for individuals living with MS and may improve affect.
Effect of side-chain length in lignin model compound on MnO2 oxidation: comparison of oxidations between C6-C2- and C6-C1-type compounds
Authors: Sun Shirong , Yokoyama Tomoya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonomeric C6-C2-type lignin model compounds with ap-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), orp-ethylphenyl (E) nucleus (1-phenylethanol derivatives) were individually oxidized by MnO2at a pH of 1.5 and room temperature. The results were compared with those of the corresponding C6-C1-type benzyl alcohol derivatives obtained in our recent report to examine the effect of the presence of theβ-methyl group on the oxidation. The presence decelerated the oxidation regardless of the type of aromatic nucleus, although it did not change the order of the oxidation rates:G > S >> H > E. This deceleration results from the steric factor of theβ-methyl group in the C6-C2-type compounds. The MnO2oxidations of the corresponding C6-C2-type compounds deuterated at theirα-(benzyl)positions showed that the magnitudes of the kinetic isotope effects are smaller than those observed in the oxidations of the corresponding C6-C1-type compounds, regardless of the type of aromatic nucleus. These smaller magnitudes suggest that the presence of theβ-methyl group shifts the initial oxidation mode of MnO2from direct oxidation of the benzyl position to one-electron oxidation of the aromatic nucleus. Only theS-type compounds afforded products via degradation of the aromatic nuclei.
Cyr61 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration via αvβ3 integrin
Authors: Cheng Zhenghui , Zhang Yawen , Tian Yinchao , Chen Yuhan , Ding Fei , Wu Han , Ji Yuhua , Shen Mi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the repair of peripheral nerves. This is due to their ability to proliferate, migrate, and provide trophic support to axon regrowth. During peripheral nerve injury, SCs de-differentiate and reprogram to gain the ability to repair nerves. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is a member of the CCN family of matrix cell proteins and have been reported to be abundant in the secretome of repair mediating SCs. In this study we investigate the function of Cyr61 in SCs.

Results
We observed Cyr61 was expressed both in vivo and in vitro. The promoting effect of Cyr61 on SC proliferation and migration was through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. SCs expressed αvβ3 integrin and the effect of Cyr61 on SC proliferation and migration could be blocked via αvβ3 integrin. Cyr61 could influence c-Jun protein expression in cultured SCs.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that Cyr61 promotes SC proliferation and migration via αvβ3 integrin and regulates c-Jun expression. Our study contributes to the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SC’s function during nerve injury, and thus, may facilitate the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury.
Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle
Authors: Eusebi Paulina G. , Sevane Natalia , O’Rourke Thomas , Pizarro Manuel , Boeckx Cedric , Dunner Susana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Aggressive behavior is an ancient and conserved trait, habitual for most animals in order to eat, protect themselves, compete for mating and defend their territories. Genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the development of aggression both in animals and humans, displaying moderate to high heritability estimates. Although such types of behaviors have been studied in different animal models, the molecular architecture of aggressiveness remains poorly understood. This study compared gene expression profiles of 16 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from aggressive and non-aggressive cattle breeds: Lidia, selected for agonistic responses, and Wagyu, selected for tameness.

Results
A total of 918 up-regulated and 278 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, representing above-chance overlap with genes previously identified in studies of aggression across species, as well as those implicated in recent human evolution. The functional interpretation of the up-regulated genes in the aggressive cohort revealed enrichment of pathways such as Alzheimer disease-presenilin, integrins and the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade, all implicated in the development of abnormal aggressive behaviors and neurophysiological disorders. Moreover, gonadotropins, are up-regulated as natural mechanisms enhancing aggression. Concomitantly, heterotrimeric G-protein pathways, associated with low reactivity mental states, and the GAD2 gene, a repressor of agonistic reactions associated with PFC activity, are down-regulated, promoting the development of the aggressive responses selected for in Lidia cattle. We also identified six upstream regulators, whose functional activity fits with the etiology of abnormal behavioral responses associated with aggression.

Conclusions
These transcriptional correlates of aggression, resulting, at least in part, from controlled artificial selection, can provide valuable insights into the complex architecture that underlies naturally developed agonistic behaviors.
This analysis constitutes a first important step towards the identification of the genes and metabolic pathways that promote aggression in cattle and, providing a novel model species to disentangle the mechanisms underlying variability in aggressive behavior.
Assessment of the mechanism of drug resistance in Trichophyton mentagrophytes in response to various substances
Authors: Xiao Chenwen , Wang Jiaoyu , Liao Zhenfeng , Huang Yee , Ji Quanan , Liu Yan , Su Fei , Xu Lijun , Wei Qiang , Pan Yao , Li Ke , Bao Guolian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Trichophyton mentagrophyte (TM), a zoonotic pathogen, has been endangering public health due to emerging drug resistance. Although increased attention is paid to this issue, there is very limited research available on drug resistance in TM. In this study, we studied the gene and proteomic changes, morphological changes, cellular fat localization, fat content changes, and biofilm of TM treated with different substances.

Results
The TM growth curve showed a positive correlation with the concentration of Fenarimol (FE), genistein (GE), clotrimazole (KM), and Miconazole nitrate salt (MK). The morphology of TM cells changed in different degrees after treatment with different substances as observed by TEM and SEM. The results showed that under KM and berberine hydrochloride (BB) treatment, a total of 3305 differentially expressed genes were detected, with the highest number in the KM-treated group (578 up-regulated and 615 down-regulated). A total of 847 proteins and 1850 peptides were identified in TM proteomics. Nile red staining showed that the fat content of TM was significantly higher in the BB-, ethidium bromide- (EB), FE-, KM-, Adriamycin hydrochloride- (YA), and MK-treated group compared to the control group. Results of the biofilm thickness showed that it gradually increased under treatment with specific concentrations of KM or BB, which may be related to the up-regulation of ERG25 and CYP related gene proteins.

Conclusions
It is suggested that in order to effectively deal with dermatomycosis caused by TM, it is necessary to inhibit the expression of ERG25 and CYP related genes and fat metabolism, which can result in the inhibition of the production of biofilm by the fungus and solve the problem of fungal drug resistance in clinical settings.
Identifying and measuring the behavioural, dietary, and physical activity components of weight management consultations delivered by general practice nurses in routine care
Authors: Tong Heather , Morris Elizabeth , Jebb Susan A. , Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Many people with obesity receive weight loss consultations by general practice nurses (GPNs) in routine primary care. This exploratory study aimed to characterise the components of these consultations, including behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and dietary and physical activity recommendations.

Methods
We analysed audio recordings of weight management consultations conducted by 8 GPNs as part of the ‘usual care’ group in a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN75092026). Consultations were coded against three taxonomies to classify BCTs, dietary recommendations, and physical activity recommendations. Associations between coded content and weight loss were assessed. Differences in the content of consultations where weight loss was < 5% or ≥ 5% from baseline weight at 6 months were explored.

Results
One hundred and fifty audio recordings were available from 53 out of 140 (38%) participants in the usual care group. Participants had on average 3 (SD = 1) recorded consultations over 3 months, lasting 14 (SD = 7) minutes each. Weight change at 3, 6, and 12 months was -3.6% (SD = 4.3), -5.5% (SD = 6.0) and -4.2% (SD = 6.5) for participants with audio recordings. GPNs used 3.9 (SD = 1.6) of 93 BCTs, 3.3 (SD = 2.7) of 30 dietary recommendations and 1.4 (SD = 1.2) of 10 physical activity recommendations per consultation. The most commonly employed BCTs were feedback on outcome of behaviour (80.0%), problem solving (38.0%), and social reward (34.3%). The most common dietary recommendations were about portion size (31.3%), nutrients (28.0%), and balanced diet (19.7%). The main physical activity recommendation was about walking (30.3%). There was no association between weight loss and the number of dietary recommendations, physical activity recommendations, or BCTs used per consultation, or per participant. Social reward was the only technique used significantly more in consultations of participants that lost ≥ 5% of their baseline weight at 6 months.

Conclusions
The study provides a new method that could be used to describe the content of weight management consultations. Specific dietary or physical activity recommendations and BCTs were used infrequently and inconsistently in this group of GPNs. Although replication is required in larger samples, this may point to a weakness in current practice.
Clinical features of parainfluenza infections among young children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Howard Leigh M. , Rankin Danielle A. , Spieker Andrew J. , Gu Wenying , Haddadin Zaid , Probst Varvara , Rahman Herdi , McHenry Rendie , Pulido Claudia Guevara , Williams John V. , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children. However, few studies have characterized the clinical features and outcomes associated with PIV infections among young children in the Middle East.

Methods
We conducted hospital-based surveillance for ARI among children < 2 years of age in a large referral hospital in Amman, Jordan. We systematically collected clinical data and respiratory specimens for pathogen detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared clinical features of PIV-associated ARI among individual serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 and among PIV infections compared with other viral ARI and ARI with no virus detected. We also compared the odds of supplemental oxygen use using logistic regression.

Results
PIV was detected in 221/3168 (7.0%) children hospitalized with ARI. PIV-3 was the most commonly detected serotype (125/221; 57%). Individual clinical features of PIV infections varied little by individual serotype, although admission diagnosis of ‘croup’ was only associated with PIV-1 and PIV-2. Children with PIV-associated ARI had lower frequency of cough (71% vs 83%; p < 0.001) and wheezing (53% vs 60% p < 0.001) than children with ARI associated with other viruses. We did not find a significant difference in supplemental oxygen use between children with PIV-associated infections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.66–1.89, p = 0.68) and infections in which no virus was detected.

Conclusions
PIV is frequently associated with ARI requiring hospitalization in young Jordanian children. Substantial overlap in clinical features may preclude distinguishing PIV infections from other viral infections at presentation.
Parallel disease activity of Behçet’s disease with renal and entero involvements: a case report
Authors: Watanabe-Kusunoki Kanako , Kato Masaru , Oki Yotaro , Shimizu Tetsuo , Kusunoki Yoshihiro , Furukawa Shota , Furukawa Shin , Kitakawa Hirohiko , Sakai Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis with both autoimmune and autoinflammatory properties. Renal involvement in BD and its spontaneous remission have been rare. We herein describe a case of parallel disease activity of BD with entero and renal involvements, followed by a spontaneous remission without corticosteroid treatment.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old woman who had a 4-year history of BD, maintained with colchicine treatment, suffered abdominal pain, hemorrhagic stool and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed strong tenderness in the entire abdomen. Laboratory test results showed increased levels of inflammation, and a computed tomography scan revealed edematous intestinal wall thickening with ascites. Blood and stool cultures showed no specific findings. Since she was suspected to have developed panperitonitis with acute enterocolitis, she started treatment with an antibacterial agent under bowel rest. Her abdominal symptoms gradually improved, while diarrhea and high levels of inflammatory reaction persisted. Colonoscopy revealed discontinuous abnormal mucosal vascular patterns and ulcerations in the whole colon except for the rectum, and histological analyses of the intestine demonstrated transmural mucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells without epithelioid granuloma or amyloid deposition. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed with entero BD. Meanwhile, pedal edema appeared during her hospitalization. Urinalysis results were consistent with nephrotic syndrome, thus a renal biopsy was performed. Light microscopy showed no obvious glomerular and interstitial abnormalities, whereas electron microscopy revealed foot process effacement without immune complex deposition or fibrillary structure, compatible with minimal change disease (MCD). Only with conservative therapy, her proteinuria decreased, followed by a complete remission in 3 weeks from the onset of edema. The coincident episode of MCD was finally diagnosed as renal BD that paralleled disease activity to entero BD. She started adalimumab administration, resulting in the further improvement of diarrhea and inflammatory levels.

Conclusions
This is the first report to demonstrate MCD as renal involvement of BD along with the disease activity of entero BD.
Contribution of sleep quality to fatigue following a stroke: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ho Lily Yuen Wah , Lai Claudia Kam Yuk , Ng Shamay Sheung Mei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of fatigue and sleep disturbances is high in stroke populations. Sleep quality can be targeted by interventions to alleviate fatigue following a stroke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fatigue and poor sleep quality, and to quantify the contribution of sleep quality to fatigue following a stroke, in chronic (≥1 year) stroke survivors.MethodsA cross-sectional design was adopted. A total of 112 stroke survivors (mean age ± standard deviation [year], 64.18 ± 5.77) at 6.08 ± 4.80 years post-stroke completed this study. All participants were assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Visual Analogue Scale-Pain, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper and lower extremities, the 5-Time Sit-To-Stand Test, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Frenchay Activities Index, the Life-Space Assessment, the Community Integration Measure, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson and partial correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between fatigue and other variables. A multiple linear regression (the forced entry method) was performed to quantify the independent contribution of sleep quality to prediction of fatigue.ResultsOf the 112 participants, 52.7% reported experiencing fatigue and 64.3% reported poor sleep quality. Sleep quality could independently account for 5.9% of the variance in fatigue scores after a stroke.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of fatigue and poor sleep quality in Chinese stroke survivors. Sleep quality is an independent predictor of fatigue in those living in the community who have survived a stroke for a year or longer.