bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the requirements for articles published in the scientific and technical journal «Bases and foundations»
Authors: Pidlutskyi Vasyl 
Published: August 2021

Before starting work on the article, you should get acquainted with the requirements for the publication of articles in the Scientific and Technical Journal «Bases and foundations», founded by the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture.
The journal includes the articles on topical challenges of geotechnics. There are the results of interaction between elements of the system «base – foundation – superstructures», influence of seismic or other dynamic loads; designing foundations on weak soils, exploration of the deep foundations, retaining structures, assessment of the slope stability of landslide areas, determination of soil parameters by in-situ and laboratory tests.
The journal is designed for scientific, engineering and technical specialists of scientific, research, design and construction organizations.
The journal publishes in the following specialties:
192 «Construction and civil engineering»,
194 «Hydraulic engineering, water engineering and water technologies».
The article submitted to the editorial board must clearly meet the goals and specializations of the journal, must be written and designed in accordance with the requirements set out in this article.
Original research and discussion materials are accepted for publication. Articles are subject to double review, including by independent experts. It is recommended to submit a scientific article only in one journal, which meets the requirements of International Ethical Standards, which prohibit the simultaneous publication of the article in different publications.
Articles must be pre-reviewed before publication in the journal. After confirmation of the article's compliance with the general requirements and the availability of a complete package of documents, the article is submitted for review and undergoes internal editorial processing. The editors reserve the right to make minor edits and reductions, while maintaining the main results and author's style.
The article is returned to the author for revision or correction if the members of the editorial board (scientific editors in the relevant areas) have questions to the author regarding certain provisions of the article.
The Editorial Board is not responsible for the content and authorship of the material of the article used, but reserves the right not to allow the article to be published in case of non-compliance with the above requirements.
THE SYMBOLISM OF IMRE MAKOVECH'S METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE IN THE FORMATION OF SACRED SPACE
Authors: Gnatiuk Liliia 
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the iconic temples of the twentieth century designed by the Hungarian architect Imre Makovec. The anthroposophical theory of architecture is presented, which assumed that the world and man are permeated with various types of spiritual forces, thanks to the forms of objects of the visible world, they can be strengthened or weakened.
The understanding of the harmony of forms in the formation of the sacred space is presented.
The architecture of sacred buildings erected according to the principle of organic architecture is considered. It is determined that the forms created by Makovech do not belong to any of the "languages" of architectural expression that have been created so far.
The article presents a view on the mysterious nature of the connection of people in society – close to the types of connections that connect religious communities, as well as the concept of architecture as a bridge between heaven and earth, which also changed the approach to a building as an exclusively material object.
The forms of individual sacred structures and the ways of organizing their interiors were analyzed, which made it possible to conclude that the ideas of reviving the unity of the surrounding landscape, the tendency to use local materials (primarily wood), but also a more general, philosophical attitude, allows us to consider architecture as an element that binds forces space with human life.
The use of the metaphorical language of Makovech's architecture is considered based on the world of visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features. Revealed the need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages, through them are transmitted to the formations of the sacred space.
An attempt is also presented to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the shaping of the sacred space. The tendencies of the formation of the sacred space in the twentieth century are revealed, namely: anthroposophical; continuation and development of Christian symbols.
ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE LAYOUT CONCEPT OF A VALLEY SPACE FRAGMENT OF THE OPIR RIVER
Authors: Dukhniak Iryna 
Published: August 2021

Based on theoretical and experimental studies a long-term concept of the architectural and landscape layout and development of the Opir river valley space on a fragment between Carpathians settlements Skole and Grebeniv in the Lviv region was created. It has been confirmed that, as a result of significant natural features, the territories of the valley spaces in Carpathians differ from other localities and require a special approach in design solutions. Therefore, the methodological foundations of the architectural and landscape layout of the rivers valley spaces in Ukrainian Carpathians were developed. According to them, a thorough factor analysis of the territory on a given fragment was done, and analysis of the relationships between factors (multivariate) using the proposed matrix model of correlations between the factors of influence. As the next step the justification of the criterion assessment was done.
Based on these researches the purposes of the space development are defined. They are the development of the territory as a transit representative zone, improvement of ecological friendliness and protection against technogenic threats. To achieve these goals some methods were proposed. In accordance with the principles of functional feasibility and sufficiency, environmental friendliness and architectural and landscape coherence to expand the tourist infrastructure in the projected area is impractical for sustainable development of the territory. Other purposed methods are: setting building restrictions to maintain buildings at a constant existing scale, removal a harmful function outside the valuable riparian areas, restoration of the natural zone on the place of removed industrial zones on riparian territories, preservation the use of the valley area for gardening, reinforcing the banks of the river with gabions, implementation a comprehensive renovation of the historical architectural heritage, allocation of the place for a tourists short-term stop.
FEATURES AND COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SACRED BUILDINGS OF THE END OF 20 – EARLY 21 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER IN TERNOPIL)
Authors: Diachok Oksana , Shuldan Larysa , Yanbukhtina Alina 
Published: August 2021

The article examines some problems of temples of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, in which modern architectural ideas, modern design components appeared together with new design solutions. The study uses a set of general scientific (empirical and theoretical) and special research methods (method of visual and instrumental surveys, historical and comparative analysis, art analysis, method of thermal monitoring and calculation). A comprehensive study was conducted on the example of St. Peter's Church in Ternopil (architect Serhiy Hora, designer Józef Simels). It is established that its modern stylistic image, modern formative components are combined with the traditional plan, which has historically developed in church construction. The facilitation of the main load-bearing structures was made possible by the use of exceptional metal curved trusses and a reinforced concrete belt. A comprehensive analysis of the condition of the church building revealed a number of problems typical for churches of this period of construction: the progressive spread of efflorescence, mycological damage to the plaster, premature destruction of building materials and destruction of structures; loss of insulative properties of structures and increase in energy consumption, deterioration of acoustic characteristics in the church space, loss of uniformity of sound distribution over its area. The dependence of these problems on changes in temperature and humidity in the temple building has been established. According to the results of instrumental research, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the degree of relationship between the distribution of moisture and temperature with the peculiarities of operation, the nature of operation and the level of thermal insulation of enclosing structures. The consequences of further moistening of the inner surfaces of the fences have been established: consequences for the interior; microclimatic (hygienic) consequence; constructive consequences; effects on energy consumption and acoustic effects. As a result of the calculations, recommendations for troubleshooting were provided. Using in this context a systematic interpretation of case studies, the study of actions that would help increase the level of comfort in churches and their preservation, the authors propose a reconstruction with an assessment of the quality of intervention at each stage.
ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS WHEN DESIGNING WIND POWER HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: Krivenko Olga 
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to determine scientifically based principles for the design of wind-powered high-rise buildings. The article analyzes the main climatic parameters affecting the design of wind-powered high-rise buildings. While current research focuses mainly on the technical performance and savings of wind power plants (WPPs), modeling wind energy potential based on the analysis of climatic parameters allows you to optimize design solutions taking into account the influence of the environment.
For various stages of the design of the integration of wind turbines into a high-rise building, it is important to take into account the dimensions of climate systems (macro, meso and micro levels), based on the laws operating within certain territorial boundaries. The article discusses the macroclimatic indicators that determine the total energy resource of wind in the region. The influence of the parameters of the mesoclimate on the wind potential has been determined, in accordance with the characteristics of the natural and anthropogenic environment (relief, the presence of forests, proximity to water bodies, urban development). The parameters that clarify the energy potential of the wind at the microclimatic level, taking into account the location of the wind turbine in the building, have been investigated.
As a result of the analysis, a diagram of the structure of preliminary modeling of the energy wind potential at various climatic levels in the design of wind turbines in high-rise buildings has been determined.
ANALYSIS OF HEATING PROCESSES OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE KHARKIV REGION AND MEASURES TO COMBAT THEM
Authors: Lynnyk Iryna 
Published: August 2021

Flooding of urbanized areas causes and activates dangerous geological pro-cesses, is a real threat to the safety of life of the population and the functioning of economic facilities. In this regard, the issues of studying the conditions for the devel-opment and spread of flooding on the territory of Ukraine are important and urgent. The article identifies the factors causing flooding of urbanized areas. The trends in the development of flooding in the Kharkiv region and the city of Kharkiv are deter-mined. In Ukraine, the flooded area is about 8 million hectares, and the number of flooded settlements is up to 5 thousand. The most flooded are Odessa, Nikolaev, Kherson regions. In the Kharkiv region, flooding is widespread in 39 cities and ur-ban-type settlements, and in 205 villages on an area of 200,8 km2, the affected area is 0,6 %. Flooding is observed in all districts of the region. The most flooded cities are Kharkiv, Barvenkovo, Valki, Izyum, Pervomaisky, the total flooded area was 185,7 km2, urban-type settlements Krasnopavlovka and Pechenegi, the total flooded area – 15,1 km2. The reasons for the flooding have been established. The consequences of flooding of urbanized territories are analyzed. Flooding leads to a deterioration in the condition of built-up areas and sanitary living conditions of people, an increase in morbidity, pollution of water and soil, waterlogging of significant areas of land, con-tributes to the development of negative physical and geological processes such as landslides, karst, etc., which can lead to subsidence of buildings and structures, and further to their destruction, deformations of underground engineering networks. Ana-lyzed measures to combat flooding, which can be divided into preventive and elimi-nation of already existing flooding. The activities that are proposed to be held in the city of Kharkov and the Kharkov region are outlined.
FORMATION OF DRAINAGE PROJECTS TO CHANGE THE PURPOSE AS A MECHANISM TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF UNITED TERRITORAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Bespalko Ruslan , Hutsul Taras , Kazimir Ivan , Shtanko Halyna 
Published: August 2021

The creation of united territorial communities took place in a hurry, is still going on, and often contrary to the requirements of the proposed methodology, which determines the norms according to which the optimal formation of a viable territorial community is possible. It should be noted that "capacity" is rather understood as an economic concept, while in the proposed methodology the focus was more on geographical and infrastructural indicators. Therefore, communities are often created and operate without complying with the requirements of the methodology, and as a result there is a significant differentiation between the levels of their capacity. The key issue for the territorial community to exercise its powers is closely related to the filling of its budget. This increases the interest of local governments in increasing revenues, finding reserves to fill them, improving the efficiency of administration of taxes and fees, and so on.
One of the five eligibility criteria is community size. Most communities in this respect are landless with a high population density, sometimes with difficult natural conditions. This leads to the search for approaches to the efficient use of available land resources, the basis of which is almost everywhere the category of agricultural land.
Very often, these lands contain objects that correspond to other categories of lands, in particular the nature reserve fund and other nature protection, recreational, health and historical and cultural purposes. This creates a number of problematic issues related to: reduction of land tax revenues; probable loss of useful properties due to improper use and practical complexity of the mechanism of protection of such objects.
Alternatively, it is proposed to divide the land plots with the separation of such objects and change their purpose. The article reveals the expected effect of the implementation of such measures. Note that increasing the level of capacity of communities is the key to improving the success of the state.
FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE PROCESS OF CITY EVOLUTION - FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO MODERNISM
Authors: Oliynyk Olena 
Published: August 2021

The processes of historical development of cities and formation of public spaces are considered. It is established that open public spaces have always been the basis for the formation of cities. In ancient times (Greece), the network of open-closed spaces was interpreted as the only public space of the city and was a sign of its democracy. With the strengthening of imperial power (Rome), the structure of public spaces becomes deterministic, with a certain direction of movement. In the Middle Ages there is a sacralization of space, which is replaced by its formalization in the Renaissance; further aestheticization of spaces intensifies, their new types appear. The era of modernism changed the spatial paradigm of the traditional city, which led to the loss of historically composed types of public spaces. At the same time, the modern era is characterized by the gradual convergence of external and internal space and their democratization.
EVOLUTION OF SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL CONTENT OF TERMINOLOGY ELEMENTS "RESORT-RECREATION-TOURISM"
Authors: Panchenko Tamara 
Published: August 2021

Experience of territorial organization resort, recreational and tourism zones in Ukraine has been generalized. Problems of terminology and classification different territory-spatial objects have been characterized.
The article content embraces investigations in both theoretical and applied aspects in the field of geographic and town-building sciences. The publication purpose is to present the basic knowledge in the field of potentialities, main trends and prospects of regional development, creation of really comfortable infrastructure for rest and cultural development of the people.
The forming of architecture-landscape environment for rest and tourism is a result a complicated process of integration the unique natural and material objects using functional, organizational and transport-pedestrian relations and creation of various subject-spatial forms for performing the cultural, cognitive, ecological, recreational and other kinds of management.
The problems of development of the system «resort-recreation-tourism» as the branch of economy prove to be urgent. Basing on the main principles of «sustainable development» - ecologic, social, cultural and economic stability, the first-turn arrangements should consist in transformation rest and tourism enterprises with market mechanisms of functioning.
FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORIES OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX
Authors: Savchuk Oksana 
Published: August 2021

The issues of functional-planning organization of oil and gas enterprises in the territory of Western Ukraine (within Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil regions) are presented in the article. Facilities related to extraction, transportation, storage, processing and sales are taken into account. The town-planning analysis is carried out and the basic functional zones of territories are defined, appointments of buildings and constructions and the basic communication communications between them are identified.
The study is based on the analysis of twenty the oil and gas complex objects, some of which are presented graphically. Objects are grouped according to their function. Enterprises are divided into five main types: 1. Mining enterprises; 2. Transportation companies; 3. Storage enterprises; 4. Processing plants. 5. Objects of sale.
Characterization of the functional and planning organization of the territory of enterprises is carried out by a comprehensive analysis of certain specific indicators: 1. Analysis of the function of buildings and structures. 2. Functional zoning of the territory. 3. Basic communication links. In the course of the research the localization of objects was carried out and their classification according to the degree of functioning was deduced: lost enterprises, non-functioning, partially functioning, functioning.
Given the specifics of oil and gas companies in the process of studying the functional and planning features of the oil and gas complex, it is proposed to partially expand the list of functional areas. During the study of functional and planning features it was possible to identify three main factors influencing the organization of territories: the requirement of manufacturability, safety issues (social and environmental) and engineering and geological conditions.
ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION WITH NITROGEN OXIDES AIRSPACE TERRITORY KIEV
Authors: Tatarchenko Halyna 
Published: August 2021

The article examines the level of pollution of the territory of the city of Kiev with nitrogen oxides, which is mainly formed by traffic flows on the main roads of the city. According to statistics, on average, one passenger car emits about one kilogram of various toxic and carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere per day. For the human body, nitrogen oxides are even more harmful than carbon monoxide. The general nature of the influence varies depending on the content of various nitrogen oxides: NO, NO2, N2O3, N2O4. Nitric oxide relaxes vascular smooth muscles, is involved in protection against pathogens, is a neurotransmitter, regulates programmed cell death and proliferation, and plays an important role in the secretory and reproductive system.
Measurement of the concentration of nitrogen oxides for three days in the center of Kiev on the territory of the park named after Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, which is surrounded by highways, showed the highest dynamics of changes in the content of the pollutant.
The obtained results of calculating the pollution by nitrogen oxides near the main roads are almost ten times different from the data obtained by remote sensing (satellite) and measured at stationary stations, which indicates the excessive anthropogenic load of transport on the environment, especially in the center. Kiev and the need for additional control at points close to the main roads. When deciding on the placement of highways in the city plan, it is necessary to take into account the direction and speed of the wind. if the width of the roadside contamination with a pollutant crosses the border of the residential area, the value of the excess of the MPC standard in the air of the settlement at the calculated point on the border of the residential area should be calculated and protective measures should be provided.
CONCEPTS AS A TOOL OF SPATIAL PLANNING. GERMAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Uhl Anna , Melnyk Oleksandr , Melnyk Yuliia , Vakuliuk Larysa , Gribok Elena 
Published: August 2021

One of the most important instruments of territorial management and planning strategy is the formation and management decisions based on different models that vary the ratio of interrelated elements and processes: regional (spatial) planning and socio-economic. The choice of the basic model of strategic planning is determined, as a rule, by national traditions. The rational organization of spatial planning promotes comprehensive sotsialrozvytku regions, improve the quality of life. Therefore, the development strategies of spatial planning is appropriate, taking into account the best European concepts. This overview of the most important concepts of spatial planning in Germany illustrates the fundamental and sometimes conflicting ideas of spatial planning at regional and local level and their further development.
Concept spatial introduced since the 1960s of the last century in Germany, describing the basic principles of spatial structure and serve as a base in the construction of future space structure. The article considers the basic and informal concepts, their origin, history of development, and their current status in spatial planning. The concepts described in the study arose at a time when the equivalence of living conditions was the main issue and task of spatial planning policy. In the model social state disparities must be aligned through a comprehensive expansion of infrastructure in regions threatened by emigration and inter-regional redistribution of resources. However, in today's state-level models of living conditions intended to equal opportunities and minimal infrastructure at all local levels.
German experience could be useful in the formation of a balanced policy on spatial planning in Ukraine.