bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Care Dentists’ management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in 7‐ to 16‐year‐olds: A sequential mixed‐methods study
Authors: Taylor Greig D. , Sumner Oliver , Holmes Richard , Waterhouse Paula J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsPrimary care dentists play a pivotal role in the management of traumatic dental injuries in children, despite little evidence on the barriers they face in providing care. The aim of this study was to explore and contextualize the knowledge and attitudes of general dental practitioners regarding their management of permanent dentition traumatic dental injuries in children aged 7–16 years old.Material and MethodsA two‐phase sequential mixed‐methods study included a questionnaire that was disseminated to all 619 primary care dentists, identified via a triangulated sampling strategy, based across the north‐east of England (Phase I). Statistical analyses were performed using Mann–Whitney U‐ and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation and chi‐square test. Multivariate factor analysis, with principal components extraction, was used to test between multiple ordinal variables. Respondents were invited to a face‐to‐face or telephone semi‐structured interview (Phase II). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsPrimary care dentists were less confident in managing complex dental trauma. Inadequate financial remuneration was the main reason for not providing care, often prompting a referral to the local dental hospital. This was more apparent for those who qualified before 2000. More recently qualified dentists felt the long‐term costs, related to traumatic dental injuries, were insufficiently remunerated. Most still provided emergency management, irrespective of remuneration, as long as they had the requisite knowledge and skills. Four major themes arose: impact of traumatic dental injuries on patients, parents and primary care dentists; barriers to providing treatment; educational opportunities for primary care dentists; and interactions between primary and secondary care services.ConclusionsThere is high confidence in managing simple traumatic dental injuries but less for complex injuries. A lack of sufficient financial remuneration associated with the long‐term management of dental trauma was the main barrier for dentists to manage these cases.
Disentangling the effects of technological and organizational changes during the rise of the factory: the case of the Japanese weaving industry, 1905−14†
Authors: Okazaki Tetsuji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the ‘factory debate’ by disentangling the effects of technological change and organizational change during the rise of the factory, using unique data from the weaving industry in early twentieth‐century Japan. During this period, a variety of production organizations co‐existed, as did a variety of technologies, which creates an excellent opportunity to evaluate the implications of the factory system. Using regression analyses and observation of descriptive data, this study finds that production value per worker was around two times larger in factories compared with weavers and outworkers under the putting‐out system, after controlling for the technological difference. This difference is supposed to reflect the difference in the mode of work—that is, working hours and work intensity—between factories and weavers and outworkers. Meanwhile, production per worker was two to three times larger for powered factories than non‐powered factories, other things being equal. Thus, the magnitude of the impact of organizational difference was almost comparable to that of technological difference.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease presenting as epilepsia partialis continua and non‐ictal nystagmus
Authors: Cunha Inês Antunes , Gomes Inês , Gens Helena , Guimarães Susana , Martins Ana Inês , Bento Conceição 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare form of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Seizures are uncommon in the early stage of CJD, increasing diagnostic difficulty.MethodsAn autopsy‐proven case of CJD presenting initially as an epilepsia partialis continua is reported, in which the initial workup was unremarkable. Retrospectively, the presence of nystagmus, which proved to be non‐epileptic, pointed to a cerebellar lesion before a diagnosis of clinically probable CJD was made.ResultsA 70‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐week history of intermittent rhythmic jerking tremors in his left limbs, interfering with his gait. Examination showed left body clonic movements. Electroencephalography revealed an ictal right centroparietal pattern of focal status epilepticus. Video‐oculography revealed right‐beating nystagmus (mean slow phase velocity [SPV] 3.4º/s) in the dark and left‐beating nystagmus (SPV 2.6º/s) in the light, left‐beating nystagmus after head shaking (SPV 4º/s) and during mastoid vibration (SPV 11º/s) and mildly hypoactive horizontal head impulses. Search for occult malignancy, serologies, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, anti‐onconeural antigen, auto‐immune panel and brain magnetic resonance imaging were unrevealing. Rapid neurological decline was observed. Three weeks later, cerebrospinal fluid was positive for 14.3.3 protein, electroencephalography showed generalized periodic sharp wave complexes and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffusion restriction and T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus and cortex. He died 1 month later. Neuropathological study confirmed the diagnosis of CJD.ConclusionThis case highlights that CJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new onset epilepsia partialis continua and that neuro‐ophthalmological examination can be helpful in pointing to early asymmetric cerebellar involvement.
Involving an individual with lived‐experience in a co‐analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Hemming Laura , Pratt Daniel , Bhatti Peer , Shaw Jennifer , Haddock Gillian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with lived‐experience of the phenomenon under investigation are seldom involved in the analysis of qualitative data, and there exists little guidance for those wishing to involve contributors at this stage of research.AimsTo critically reflect on the process of involving people with lived‐experience in a thematic analysis and to offer direction to other researchers.MethodsAn individual with lived‐experience of residing in prison contributed to a co‐analysis of qualitative data using thematic analysis. This paper reports on involvement at each stage of a thematic analysis and follows an established reporting checklist.ResultsA number of challenges and benefits were encountered in the process of co‐analysing the data. These are discussed in relation to previous research and how to overcome the challenges encountered.ConclusionsThe paper concludes by giving recommendations and guidance for future researchers wishing to involve people with lived‐experience in qualitative data analysis.
Thymic atrophy creates holes in Treg‐mediated immuno‐regulation via impairment of an antigen‐specific clone
Authors: Thomas Rachel , Oh Jiyoung , Wang Weikan , Su Dong‐Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAge‐related thymic atrophy results in reduced output of naïve conventional T (Tcon) cells. However, its impact on regulatory T (Treg) cells is insufficiently understood. Given evidence that thymic Treg (tTreg) cell generation is enhanced in the aged, atrophy thymus and that the aged periphery accumulates peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells, we asked why these Treg cells are unable to effectively attenuate increased autoreactivity‐induced chronic inflammation in the elderly. We designed a mock‐self‐antigen chimera mouse model, in which membrane‐bound ovalbumin (mOVA) transgenic mice, bearing a FoxN1‐floxed gene for induction of conditional thymic atrophy, received OVA‐specific (OT‐II) T‐cell receptor (TCR) transgenic progenitor cells. The chimeric mice with thymic atrophy exhibited a significant decrease in OVA‐specific tTreg and pTreg cells but not polyclonal (pan)‐Treg cells. These OVA‐specific pTreg cells were significantly less able to suppress OVA‐specific stimulation‐induced proliferation in vitro and exhibited lower FoxP3 expression. Additionally, we conducted preliminary TCR repertoire diversity sequencing for Treg cells among recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) from RagGFP‐FoxP3RFP dual‐reporter mice and observed a trend for decreased diversity in mice with thymic atrophy compared to littermates with normal thymus. These data indicate that although the effects of age‐related thymic atrophy do not affect pan‐Treg generation, certain tissue‐specific Treg clones may experience abnormal agonist selection. This, combined with enhanced pan‐pTreg cells, may greatly contribute to age‐related chronic inflammation, even in the absence of acute autoimmune disease in the elderly.
Islamic equity markets versus their conventional counterparts in the COVID‐19 age: Reaction, resilience, and recovery
Authors: Chowdhury Md Iftekhar Hasan , Balli Faruk , de Bruin Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe undertake a comparative examination of Islamic equity markets and their conventional counterparts during the COVID‐19 pandemic via maximum drawdown‐based risk measures. The two‐digit drawdown throughout the underlying sectors signifies the indiscriminate impact of the pandemic. It appears that most of the Islamic sectors experience relatively lower drawdown as well as faster recovery than their non‐Islamic counterparts. During the period, Islamic markets outperformed their counterparts. Islamic markets also hold healthier Calmar ratios while the emerging markets retain relatively higher metrics.
Microstructured multimaterial fibers for efficient optical detection
Authors: Dai Yi , Du Minghui , Feng Xu , Zhang Weida , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlexible optoelectronic fibers are recognized as one type of important building block for the system of wearable electronics and advanced functional textiles. The thermal drawing process offers promise for scalable construction of optoelectronic fibers, while they are generally characterized by the continuous cylindrical structure and poor electrical property. Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of the flexible structured multimaterial fibers thermally drawn from the combination of metal‐semiconductor‐polymer, and control of their inner structure via fluid Plateau‐Rayleigh instability. A trapezoidal electrical connection configuration with the semiconductor spheres clamped by two metal electrodes inside the fiber is successfully achieved based on this fluid instability. The obtained structured multimaterial fiber shows better photoresponse properties than that of the as drawn multimaterial fiber. The findings open new opportunity to develop fiber devices for efficient optical detection.
Morbidity and maternal and infant outcomes of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy in China in 2018
Authors: Lyu Xin , Zhang Weiyuan , Zhang Jingxiao , Wei Yuqian , Guo Xiaoli , Cui Shihong , Yan Jianying , Zhang Xiaoyan , Qiao Chong , Zhou Rong , Gu Weirong , Chen Xianxia , Zi Yang , Li Xiaotian , Song Yanyan , Lin Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypertensive disorder in pregnancy is a disease that occurs during pregnancy. We aimed to analyze the morbidity and maternal and infant outcomes with respect to the hypertensive disorder in pregnancy in China in 2018. Clinical data of 38 590 cases from 161 hospitals were retrospectively collected. The differences in morbidity and maternal and infant mortality among the major regions and provinces were compared. The overall national average morbidity was 4.74%, and the ratios of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia were 29.17%, 55.02%, 0.66%, 6.53%, and 8.62%, respectively. The overall maternal mortality was 0.61/100 000, and the case fatality was 0.13%. Morbidity associated with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy was 7.74% in North China, 6.62% in Northwest China, 6.40% in Central China, 5.83% in Northeast China, 4.28% in East China, 3.85% in South China, and 2.88% in Southwest China. The morbidity in each province was 1.62‐11.28%. The overall perinatal mortality was 3.59% (81.09% for stillbirths; 18.91% for neonatal deaths). Perinatal mortality decreased with increasing gestational weeks from 24 to 37 + 6 weeks. Perinatal mortality for delivery at 32 weeks of gestation in all regions of the country was <10%. Morbidity varied across regions in China, with the lowest in Southwest and the highest in North China. The low maternal mortality is related to the large‐scale development of standardized maternal health care in China. For severe hypertensive disorder patients, gestation should be prolonged to 32 weeks as often as possible for better neonatal survival rates.
The importance of sialic acid, pH and ion concentration on the interaction of uromodulin and complement factor H
Authors: Bai Lufeng , Xie Qiuyu , Xia Min , Gong Kunjing , Wang Na , Chen Yuqing , Zhao Minghui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUromodulin (UMOD) can bind complement factor H (cFH) and inhibit the activation of complement alternative pathway (AP) by enhancing the cofactor activity of cFH on degeneration of C3b. UMOD, an N‐glycans‐rich glycoprotein, is expressed in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop where the epithelia need to adapt to gradient change of pH and ion concentration. ELISA‐based cofactor activity of cFH and erythrocytes haemolytic assay was used to measure the impact of native and de‐glycosylated UMOD on the functions of cFH. The binding assay was performed under different pH and ion concentrations, using ELISA. The levels of sialic acid on UMOD, from healthy controls and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), were also detected by lectin‐ELISA. It was shown that removal of glycans decreased the binding between UMOD and cFH and abolished the ability of enhancing C3b degradation. In acidic condition, the binding became stronger, but it reduced as sodium concentration increased. A significant decrease of α‐2,3 sialic acids on UMOD was observed in CKD patients compared with that of healthy individuals. The sialic acids on UMOD, local pH and sodium concentration could impact the binding capacity between UMOD and cFH and thus regulate the activation of complement AP.
Nurse’s Achilles Heel: Using Big Data to Determine Workload Factors That Impact Near Misses
Authors: Campbell Amy A. , Harlan Todd , Campbell Matt , Mulekar Madhuri S. , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore how big data can be used to identify the contribution or influence of six specific workload variables: patient count, medication count, task count call lights, patient sepsis score, and hours worked on the occurrence of a near miss (NM) by individual nurses.DesignA correlational and cross‐section research design was used to collect over 82,000 useable data points of historical workload data from the three unique systems on a medical‐surgical unit in a midsized hospital in the southeast United States over a 60‐day period. Data were collected prior to the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic in the United States.MethodsCombined data were analyzed using JMP Pro version 12. Mean responses from two groups were compared using a t‐test and those from more than two groups using analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to determine the significance of impact each workload variable had on individual nurses’ ability to administer medications successfully as measured by occurrence of NMs.FindingsThe mean outcome of each of the six workload factors measured differed significantly (p < .0001) among nurses. The mean outcome for all workload factors except the hours worked was found to be significantly higher (p < .0001) for those who committed an NM compared to those who did not. At least one workload variable was observed to be significantly associated (p < .05) with the occurrence or nonoccurrence of NMs in 82.6% of the nurses in the study.ConclusionsFor the majority of the nurses in our study, the occurrence of an NM was significantly impacted by at least one workload variable. Because the specific variables that impact performance are different for each individual nurse, decreasing only one variable, such as patient load, will not adequately address the risk for NMs. Other variables not studied here, such as education and experience, might be associated with the occurrence of NMs.Clinical RelevanceIn the majority of nurses, different workload variables increase their risk for an NM, suggesting that interventions addressing medication errors should be implemented based on the individual’s risk profile.
Comparative sensory and instrumental analyses and principal components of commercial sunscreens
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , de Freitas Andréa Carolina Pinheiro , da Rocha‐Filho Pedro Alves 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe initial contact of consumers when choosing sunscreens is through the trademark, packaging, perfume, and tactile feeling of the product, outlining the popular practice of sensory science.AimsTo describe the sensory and physical‐mechanical profile of commercial sunscreens through sensory and instrumental analyses related to principal component analysis (PCA).MethodsSeven commercial sunscreens available on the Brazilian market and with a solar protection factor (SPF) of 30 were evaluated. Physical‐mechanical profiling (rheological and textural analyses) was conducted by a trained panel, followed by sensory profile characterization and descriptive analysis. The results were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and PCA.ResultsThe correlation or lack thereof of the instrumental parameters with most of the sensory aspects was demonstrated using the Spearman coefficient. PCA enabled us to identify the nature of the dissimilarities among the samples.ConclusionsThe obtained results highlight the importance of descriptive sensory analysis in the research and development of sunscreens, evidencing the significance of precisely informing the products’ formulation in order to be chosen by the consumer.
Desire for information and alternative therapies of pet owners is associated with empathy and partnership‐building of veterinarians
Authors: Merle R. , Küper A. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe relationship between the pet owners’ desire for information and preference of alternative therapies and the veterinarians' ability to build partnership and communicate empathically was investigated using quantitative multifactorial analysis.Materials and MethodsIn an online survey, 1270 German pet owners were asked about their experience of veterinary appointments regarding communication and relationship building. Additional questions included the type and number of pets, years of animal husbandry, age, gender and education level.The factors associated with the pet owners’ desire for further information and alternative therapies were analysed in two multivariable linear models. A recently published structural equation model consolidated the following as latent factors:veterinarian's empathic communication, veterinarian's partnership building, pet owners' desire for further information and pet owners' desire for alternative therapies (e.g. non‐veterinary practitioners).ResultsThe two veterinarian‐related factors of empathic communication and partnership building were positively associated with each other, but negatively associated with the pet owners’ desires. Dog owners and participants who owned animals for more than 2 years expressed less desire for further information. The desire for further information decreased with increasing age. The desire for alternative therapies was more among animal owners of more than 2 years and those visiting the same veterinary practice for over 2 years.Clinical SignificanceVeterinarians’ empathic communication and partnership building are key factors that satisfy clients' desires for information and alternative therapies. This comprises communicational skills regarding information sharing, as well as emotional aspects.
Opportunities and challenges for high‐quality biodiversity tissue archives in the age of long‐read sequencing
Authors: Blom Mozes P. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe technological ability to characterize genetic variation at a genome‐wide scale provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the genetic underpinnings and evolutionary mechanisms that promote and sustain biodiversity. The transition from short‐ to long‐read sequencing is particularly promising and allows a more holistic view on any changes in genetic diversity across time and space. Long‐read sequencing has tremendous potential but sequencing success strongly depends on the long‐range integrity of DNA molecules and therefore on the availability of high‐quality tissue samples. With the scope of genomic experiments expanding and wild populations simultaneously disappearing at an unprecedented rate, access to high‐quality samples may soon be a major concern for many projects. The need for high‐quality biodiversity tissue archives is therefore urgent but sampling and preserving high‐quality samples is not a trivial exercise. In this review, I will briefly outline how long‐read sequencing can benefit the study of molecular ecology, how this will substantially increase the demand for high‐quality tissues and why it is challenging to preserve DNA integrity. I will then provide an overview of preservation approaches and end with a call for support to acknowledge the efforts needed to assemble high‐quality tissue archives. In doing so, I hope to simultaneously motivate field biologists to expand sampling practices and molecular biologists to develop (cost) efficient guidelines for the sampling and long‐term storage of tissues. A concerted, interdisciplinary, effort is needed to catalogue the genetic variation underlying contemporary biodiversity and will eventually provide a critical resource for future studies.
Clinical significance of incidentally detected lead perforations by computed tomography
Authors: Bhatia Prerana , Chiou Tommy , Svennberg Emma , Khoche Swapnil , Jacobs Kathleen , Pollema Travis , Pretorius Victor , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) has an established role in detecting perforation of implanted pacemaker and defibrillator leads. The clinical significance of incidental finding of delayed lead perforation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of lead perforation as detected by CT in a cohort of patients undergoing transvenous laser lead extraction and characterize the association between finding of incidental lead perforation with periprocedural outcomes.MethodsConsecutive patients that underwent chest CT and lead extraction were retrospectively assessed for presence of lead perforation. A total of 143 patients and 348 leads were assessed. The finding of lead perforation was correlated with findings from peri‐procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and outcomes of the lead extraction procedure.ResultsLead perforations (including perforations <5 mm and ≥5 mm) were detected in 66 (46%) patients and 73 (21%) leads. Lead perforation ≥5 mm were less common and detected in 13 (9%) of patients and 14 (4%) of leads. There was no significant difference in the rates of peri‐procedural death, cardiac avulsion, cardiac tamponade or post‐extraction pericardial effusion in patients with and without lead perforation.ConclusionsIncidental delayed lead perforations detected by CT are common and do not correlate with significant TEE findings or adverse peri‐procedural outcomes in patients undergoing lead extraction. Larger studies are needed to further characterize the frequency and safety of these findings.