bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task‐specific efficient channel selection and bias management for Gabor function channelized Hotelling observer model for the assessment of x‐ray angiography system performance
Authors: Gomez‐Cardona Daniel , Favazza Christopher P. , Leng Shuai , Schueler Beth A. , Fetterly Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeChannelized Hotelling observer (CHO) models have been implemented to assess imaging performance in x‐ray angiography systems. While current methods are appropriate for assessing unprocessed images of moving test objects upon uniform‐exposure backgrounds, they are inadequate for assessing conditions which more appropriately mimic clinical imaging conditions including the combination of moving test objects, complex anthropomorphic backgrounds, and image processing. In support of this broad goal, the purpose of this work was to develop theory and methods to automatically select a subset of task‐specific efficient Gabor channels from a task‐generic Gabor channel base set. Also, previously described theory and methods to manage detectability index (d′) bias due to nonrandom temporal variations in image electronic noise will be revisited herein.MethodsStarting with a base set of 96 Gabor channels, backward elimination of channels was used to automatically identify an “efficient” channel subset which reduced the number of channels retained in the subset while maintaining the magnitude of the d′ estimate. The concept of a pixelwise Hotelling observer (PHO) model was introduced and similarly implemented to assess the performance of the efficient‐channel CHO model. Bias in d′ estimates arising from temporally variable nonstationary noise was modeled as a bivariate probability density function for normal distributions, where one variable corresponds to the signal from the test object and the other variable corresponds to the signal from temporally variable nonstationary noise. Theory and methods were tested on uniform‐exposure unprocessed angiography images with detector target dose (DTD) of 6, 18, and 120 nGy containing static disk‐shaped test objects with diameter in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm.ResultsConsidering all DTD levels and test object sizes, the proposed method reduced the number of Gabor channels in the final subset by 63–82% compared to the original 96 Gabor channel base set, while maintaining a mean relative performance () of 95% 4% with respect to the reference PHO model. Experimental results demonstrated that the bivariate approach to account for bias due to temporally variable nonstationary noise resulted in improved correlation between the CHO and PHO models as compared to a previously proposed univariate approach.ConclusionsComputationally efficient backward elimination can be used to select an efficient subset of Gabor channels from an initial channel base set without substantially compromising the magnitude of the d′ estimate. Bias due to temporally variable nonstationary noise can be modeled through a bivariate approach leading to an improved unbiased estimate of d′.
Characterization of Roselle fiber composites for low load bearing structures
Authors: Kazi Atik Mubarak , D. Devika , Waddar Sunil , D. V. A. Ramasastry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of weaving architecture on mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of woven roselle fiber epoxy composite has been investigated. Plain, twill, satin, and basket type weaving patterns are considered for this study. Hand lay‐up process is used to produce the woven composites. Mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, and impact test) and dynamic mechanical analysis are conducted according to ASTM standards for material characterization. Results revealed that basket type architecture of woven roselle fiber epoxy composite has better tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. Woven composites have improved storage modulus in comparison with neat epoxy. Woven composites have 3% to 15% lower glass transition temperature than that of neat epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis is carried out to correlate the experimental findings. SEM images showed evidence of fiber pullout and cracks near fiber bundle, which indicates non‐uniform transfer of stress from fiber to the matrix.
Poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone and implant dentistry: the future of mimicking natural dentition is now!
Authors: de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Moura Guedes Carlos , Almeida Ricardo , Silva António 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current results of the application of the polymer poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone in implant dentistry are reported with highlight on the benefit for the implant biological outcome while representing an alternative to metal. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Highly reinforcing effect of polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends by formation of orientation microfibrillar structure
Authors: Liu Juan , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly oriented microfibrillar polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PC/PET) blends were prepared. Before orientation, the molecular chains of the blends were mostly randomly arranged with a low crystallinity, and low mechanical properties were obtained. Under stress, it was difficult for molecular chains of the amorphous PC phase in blends to form an oriented crystalline structure. With increasing draw ratio, the crystallinity and orientation degree of the PET phase increased, forming a dense lamellar structure with reduced crystalline and amorphous layer thickness, while with increasing PET content the crystalline orientation degree of the PET phase increased with larger sized lamellae. Moreover, the cross‐section of the oriented sample showed an obvious ordered microfibrillar bundle structure, which arranged compactly and orderly along the drawing direction. The tensile strength and modulus of the oriented PC/20 wt% PET sample were up to 126.01 and 7170.10 MPa, which were 66.48% and 317.49% respectively higher than those of pure PC. Therefore, the stress‐induced oriented microfibrillar structure of the PET phase exhibited a highly reinforcing effect on the PC phase and the blend. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Determining distribution coefficients for low cost adsorbents
Authors: Das Gautham P. , Alibrandi Astrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs with other construction materials, coal fly ash contains trace metals that can leach into the natural environment. As part of a broader effort to encourage appropriate coal combustion product use in infrastructure applications (e.g., road construction, stabilization, and structural fill), this study evaluated traditional and low‐cost adsorbent alternatives for their capacity to attenuate trace metals. Batch sorption tests were used as a preliminary screen for a wide variety of low cost (e.g., steel byproducts, rubber dust, and compost) and innovative materials (e.g., kudzu, biofilm, and pond weed) as well as conventional materials (activated carbon, alumina, and zeolites). The removal rates were demonstrated in this study by observing the calculated distribution coefficient (Kd) which were determined using a program called MATLAB. Limestone and steel byproducts were found to be particularly effective with large Kd values of 15,740, 1,520, and 540 L kg−1 for cadmium, chromium, and selenium and, for ladle refractory and mill scale, Kd values of 3,910, 670, and 1,760 L kg−1 were observed. Among the three metals tested for this study, it was observed that most low cost and innovative materials removed cadmium quite efficiently; however, the removal of selenium and chromium depended on the substrate and prevailing pH. In general, these results suggest that alternative materials may have relevance in niche applications where leaching is a concern that can be addressed through enhanced attenuation capacity via blending or layering of adsorbents.
Rhodamine‐Based Fluorescence ‘Turn‐On’ Chemosensor: Detection of Fe3+Ion in Aqueous Medium and MCF‐7 Live Cells
Authors: Badekar Pooja S. , Thakur Garima C. N. , Varma Mokshada E. , Ghatpande Niraj S. , Kulkarni Prasad P. , Kumbhar Anupa A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhodamine‐based reversible fluorescence turn‐on chemosensor appended with ‘N’ and ‘O’ donor atoms as chelating moieties has been synthesized for the selective detection of Fe3+ ion over other competitive metal ions in aqueous medium. Designed probe indicated color change to pink with lower limit of detection at 1.93×10−7 M exhibiting high sensitivity toward Fe3+ ion. Sensing mechanism was established by HRMS and NMR titration studies. The probe was successfully applied for the detection of Fe3+ ions in live MCF‐7 cells.
Interference Free Simultaneous Detection of Dihydroxy Benzene Isomers at Cost‐effective and Reliable Celestine Blue Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Ganesh Pattan‐Siddappa , Shimoga Ganesh , Lee Seok‐Han , Kim Sang‐Youn , Ebenso Eno E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA successful cyclic voltammetric electropolymerisation and electrochemical characterization of celestine blue (CB) was achieved on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The fabricated electrode was then used for the electroanalysis of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). Due to the improved electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated electrode, an interference free simultaneous detection of CC by HQ was observed. The scan rate studies suggest the diffusion‐controlled kinetics phenomenon at the modified electrode. Concentration studies, yielding a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.0491 μM and 0.0456 μM for CC and HQ respectively in the first linear range of 0 to 40 μM, limit of detection of 0.0621 μM and 0.0638 μM for CC and HQ respectively in the second linear range of 50 to 120 μM, which were relatively lower as compared to previous reports was achieved by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In order to evaluate the analytical performance of the CB/GCE, tap water sample analysis was carried out and good recovery results were obtained.
Forward dijets in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order: the real corrections
Authors: Iancu Edmond , Mulian Yair 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using the CGC effective theory together with the hybrid factorisation, we study forward dijet production in proton-nucleus collisions beyond leading order. In this paper, we compute the “real” next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections, i.e. the radiative corrections associated with a three-parton final state, out of which only two are being measured. To that aim, we start by revisiting our previous results for the three-parton cross-section presented in [1]. After some reshuffling of terms, we deduce new expressions for these results, which not only look considerably simpler, but are also physically more transparent. We also correct several errors in this process. The real NLO corrections to inclusive dijet production are then obtained by integrating out the kinematics of any of the three final partons. We explicitly work out the interesting limits where the unmeasured parton is either a soft gluon, or the product of a collinear splitting. We find the expected results in both limits: the B-JIMWLK evolution of the leading-order dijet cross-section in the first case (soft gluon) and, respectively, the DGLAP evolution of the initial and final states in the second case (collinear splitting). The “virtual” NLO corrections to dijet production will be presented in a subsequent publication.
Spontaneous CP violation by modulus τ in A4 model of lepton flavors
Authors: Okada Hiroshi , Tanimoto Morimitsu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We discuss the modular A4 invariant model of leptons combining with the generalized CP symmetry. In our model, both CP and modular symmetries are broken spontaneously by the vacuum expectation value of the modulus τ. The source of the CP violation is a non-trivial value of Re[τ] while other parameters of the model are real. The allowed region of τ is in very narrow one close to the fixed point τ = i for both normal hierarchy (NH) and inverted ones (IH) of neutrino masses. The CP violating Dirac phase δCP is predicted clearly in [98°, 110°] and [250°, 262°] for NH at 3 σ confidence level. On the other hand, δCP is in [95°, 100°] and [260°, 265°] for IH at 5 σ confidence level. The predicted ∑mi is in [82, 102] meV for NH and ∑mi = [134, 180] meV for IH. The effective mass 〈mee〉 for the 0νββ decay is predicted in [12.5, 20.5] meV and [54, 67] meV for NH and IH, respectively.
Timing of Repeat Ultrasound Examination in Treatment of Stable Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Theunissen Wesley W.E.S. , van der Steen Marieke , van Douveren Florens Q.M.P. , Witlox Adhiambo M.A. , Tolk Jaap J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Worldwide a wide variation exists in duration of Pavlik harness treatment for infants up to 6 months with stable developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether shortening the time to first routine follow-up ultrasound after initiation of Pavlik harness treatment would reduce treatment duration and whether this influenced radiologic outcome at 1 year of age. Furthermore, predictors of higher acetabular index (AI) at 1 year of age were investigated.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted in infants with stable DDH (Graf IIb and IIc) diagnosed and treated between 2015 and 2017. Two groups were identified: first routine follow-up ultrasound at 12 weeks after Pavlik harness initiation (group I) and first routine follow-up ultrasound at 6 weeks after Pavlik harness initiation (group II). In both groups, treatment was continued until repeat ultrasound measurements (every 6 wk) showed a normalized hip. Radiologic outcome at 1 year of age was defined as residual dysplasia measured on an anteroposterior hip radiograph according to the Tönnis table.

Results:
A total of 222 infants were included. The median time of Pavlik harness treatment was 12 weeks (interquartile range, 11.9 to 12.3) in group I compared with 6.1 weeks (interquartile range, 6.0 to 7.5) in group II (P<0.001). Residual dysplasia at 1 year of age was detected in 20 infants (16.8%) in group I compared with 11 infants (10.7%) in group II (P=0.189). The multivariable prediction model showed that positive family history and lower baseline alpha angle correlate with a higher AI at 1 year of age.

Conclusions:
First routine follow-up ultrasound can be safely brought forward from 12 to 6 weeks after Pavlik harness initiation. Furthermore, infants with a positive family history for DDH and an initial low alpha angle are at higher risk to have a higher AI at 1 year of age.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective study.
Cerebral Microbleeds and Intracranial Hemorrhages in Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation—Autopsy Study
Authors: Hwang Jaeho , Caturegli Giorgio , White Bartholomew , Chen Liam , Cho Sung-Min 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
Current studies lack robust information on the prevalence and associated factors of cerebral microbleeds in patients who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
We reviewed patients who underwent (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and subsequent brain autopsy with gross and microscopic examinations from January 2009 to December 2018 from a single tertiary center.

Patients:
Twenty-five extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients (median age, 53 yr; interquartile range, 36–61 yr; 17 women and 8 men) underwent brain autopsy.

Interventions:
Descriptive analysis of neuropathologic findings. Cerebral microbleed was defined as a small focus (< 10 mm diameter) of accumulation of blood product in the brain tissue. Macrohemorrhage was defined as any of the grossly identifiable epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intraparenchymal hemorrhages larger than 10 mm.

Measurement and Main Results:
Of 25 (22 venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; three venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), 15 patients (60%) were found to have cerebral microbleeds, whereas 13 (52%) had macrohemorrhages, of whom five (20%) had both. Overall, 92% of brains demonstrated the presence of either cerebral microbleeds or macrohemorrhages after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Of the patients with cerebral microbleeds, lobar cerebral microbleeds (80%) occurred more frequently than deep cerebral microbleeds (60%), with 40% of patients having both types. The cases of macrohemorrhages consisted of one epidural (8%), two subdural (15%), and 10 subarachnoid hemorrhages (77%). In univariate analyses, the presence of macrohemorrhages was significantly associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds (p = 0.03) with odds ratio of 0.13 (CI, 0.02–0.82). Age, sex, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation type, use of aspirin or dialysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, bloodstream infections, hemoglobin, platelets, and coagulopathy profiles were not associated with cerebral microbleeds.

Conclusions:
In patients with postmortem neuropathologic evaluation, 92% sustained acute cerebral microbleeds or macrohemorrhages after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cerebral microbleeds were commonly present in the majority of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation nonsurvivors. Further research is necessary to study the long-term sequelae, such as cognitive outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-associated cerebral microbleeds in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors.
Critical Care Management of the Patient With Anaphylaxis: A Concise Definitive Review
Authors: Krishnaswamy Guha 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressive life-threatening syndrome manifesting as pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm and shock. The goal of this synthetic review is to provide a practical, updated approach to the evaluation and management of this disorder and associated complications.

DATA SOURCES:
A MEDLINE search was conducted with the MeSH of anaphylaxis, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock, refractory anaphylaxis and subheadings of diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, complications and pharmacology. The level of evidence supporting an intervention was evaluated based on the availability of randomized studies, expert opinion, case studies, reviews, practice parameters and other databases (including Cochrane).

STUDY SELECTION:
Selected publications describing anaphylaxis, clinical trials, diagnosis, mechanisms, risk factors and management were retrieved (reviews, guidelines, clinical trials, case series) and their bibliographies were also reviewed to identify relevant publications.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data from the relevant publications were reviewed, summarized and the information synthesized.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
This is a synthetic review and the data obtained from a literature review was utilized to describe current trends in the diagnosis and management of the patient with anaphylaxis with a special emphasis on newer evolving concepts of anaphylaxis endotypes and phenotypes, management of refractory anaphylaxis in the ICU setting and review of therapeutic options for the elderly patient, or the complicated patient with severe cardiorespiratory complications. Most of the recommendations come from practice parameters, case studies or expert opinions, with a dearth of randomized trials to support specific interventions.

CONCLUSION:
Anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressive life-threatening disorder. The critical care physician needs to be familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of anaphylaxis. Skilled intervention in ICUs may be required for the patient with complicated, severe, or refractory anaphylaxis.
Benefits of a Multidisciplinary Women’s Sexual Health Clinic in the Management of Sexual and Menopausal Symptoms After Pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Jessie Y. , D’Addario Johanna , Tymon-Rosario Joan , Menderes Gulden , Young Melissa R. , Johung Kimberly , Ratner Elena , Minkin Mary Jane , Damast Shari 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine patterns of care and outcomes of female cancer patients treated for sexual and menopausal symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy (PRT) at our institution’s multidisciplinary Sexuality, Intimacy, and Menopause (SIMS) Program.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of 69 female patients who received PRT for gynecologic or gastrointestinal malignancies and were referred for SIMS Program intervention. Indications for referral and treatment patterns were summarized. Preintervention and postintervention, patients were screened at follow-up visits, and symptoms were recorded. Statistics were performed using Stata 13.1.

Results:
Cancer types included cervical (53.6%), endometrial (31.9%), anorectal (5.8%), and vulvar/vaginal (8.7%). The median age was 48 years (interquartile range: 38 to 58 y). Patients were educated on vaginal lubricants, moisturizers, and dilator therapy both before and after PRT. Reasons for SIMS referral included persistent menopausal symptoms (50.7%), dyspareunia (40.6%), vaginal dryness (37.7%), decreased libido (17.4%), intimacy concerns (17.4%), and/or physical examination alterations (27.5%). SIMS interventions included vaginal estrogen (77.3%), nonhormonal climacteric interventions (53%), systemic hormone therapy (31.8%), dehydroepiandrosterone (4.6%), testosterone cream (4.6%), and/or psychological pharmacotherapy or counseling (13.6%). With a median follow-up of 36 months (interquartile range: 18 to 58 mo), sexual symptoms improved or were stable in 83.6%, while menopausal symptoms improved or were stable in 80.5%.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care in improving the sexual and menopausal symptoms of women after PRT. Future work examining the impact of intervention timing with respect to PRT and measures of patient satisfaction is warranted.
Clinical Manifestation, Evaluation, and Rehabilitative Strategy of Dysphagia Associated With COVID-19
Authors: Aoyagi Yoichiro , Inamoto Yoko , Shibata Seiko , Kagaya Hitoshi , Otaka Yohei , Saitoh Eiichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dysphagia is the difficulty in swallowing because of the presence of certain diseases; it particularly compromises the oral and/or pharyngeal stages. In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, neuromuscular complications, prolonged bed rest, and endotracheal intubation target different levels of the swallowing network. Thus, critically ill patients are prone to dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. In this review, we first discuss the possible cause and pathophysiology underlying dysphagia associated with coronavirus disease 2019, including cerebrovascular events, such as stroke, encephalomyelitis, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myositis, that may lead to the dysphagia reported as a complication associated with the coronavirus disease 2019. Next, we present some recommendations for dysphagia evaluation with modifications that would allow a safe and comprehensive assessment based on available evidence to date, including critical considerations of the appropriate use of personal protective equipment and optimization individual’s noninstrumental swallowing tasks evaluation, while preserving instrumental assessments for urgent cases only. Finally, we discuss a practical managing strategy for dysphagia rehabilitation to ensure safe and efficient practice in the risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure, in which swallowing therapy using newer technology, such as telerehabilitation system or wearable device, would be considered as a useful option.