bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen energy: development prospects and materials
Authors: Filippov Sergey P. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B. 
Published: February 2021

The review addresses the prospects of global hydrogen energy development. Particular attention is given to the design of materials for sustainable hydrogen energy applications, including hydrogen production, purification, storage, and conversion to energy. The review highlights the key role of oxide-supported metal or alloy nanoparticles as catalysts in the hydrogen productionviathe conversion of natural gas or alcohols. An alternative approach is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons giving hydrogen and carbon. The direct production of high-purity hydrogen can be performed using electrolysis or membrane catalysis. Apart from conventional hydrogen storage methods such as the compression and liquefaction, the hydrogen alloy absorption and chemical conversion to liquid carriers (ammonia and toluene cycles) are considered. Fuel cells, containing catalysts and proton-conducting membranes as the key components, are used for hydrogen energy generation. Binary platinum alloys or core – shell structures supported on carbon or oxides can be employed to facilitate the oxygen electroreduction and CO electrooxidation in low-temperature fuel cells. High conductivity and selectivity are provided by perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes. The high cost of the latter materials dictates the development of alternative membrane materials. A crucial issue in high-temperature fuel cells is the necessity of reducing the operating temperature and ohmic losses. This problem can be solved by designing thin-film materials and replacing oxygen-conducting ceramic membranes by proton-conducting membranes.The bibliography includes 290 references.
Revisiting extraction and subextraction patterns from arguments
Authors: Toquero-Pérez Luis Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtraction and subextraction tend to receive separate attention in syntax, which leads to the assumption that they should be analyzed independently, even though they both illustrate an asymmetry between subjects and objects. By looking at various phenomena in English, German, Spanish and Norwegian I propose that this parallel behavior is not accidental, but that there is a previously unnoticed generalization: subextraction is allowed iff extraction is possible and the target of subextraction is not an indirect object. I propose that a revised version of Spec-to-Spec antilocality (Erlewine 2016) is necessary: movement of and out of an XP must cross aProjection Line(PL) (Brody 1998), i.e. the set of all projections of a head. This version of antilocality can deriveFreezingeffects,Huang’s (1982)CED, and their exceptions; andComp-traceeffects and their neutralization, extending them to subextraction. However, antilocality on its own cannot derive the extraction-subextraction asymmetry in indirect objects. I propose that the Principle of Minimal Compliance (PMC) (Richards 1998) can suspend antilocality if agree between a probe and a goal has happened. The version adopted here will allow extraction of the whole XP, but disallow extraction of its specifier due to the lack of an agree relation. Antilocality and the PMC combined also make the right predictions in other domains such as the lack ofdo-support in matrix subject questions and A-movement of the subject in declarative clauses, providing evidence that antilocality is a constraint that should apply to (at least) both A and A′-movement.
Color revolution: toward ultra-wide color gamut displays
Authors: Wen Zuoliang , Zhou Ziming , Liu Haochen , Wang Zhaojin , Li Xiang , Fang Fan , Wang Kai , Teo Kie Leong , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the economic and social developments, the demand for higher quality displays has always remained strong. The emerging 8K displays represent an advancement of ultra-high resolution. Other parameters such as the contrast ratio and viewing angle were all improved significantly. Here, we would like to address the recent efforts in the color (color gamut) of displays toward an ultra-wide color gamut, which we call the ‘color revolution’. In the past few years, fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots, quantum rods, fluorescent perovskite nanocrystals, and nanoplatelets with narrow emission have been discovered, and have been explored in display technologies as photoluminescent enhancement films, color convertors, or electroluminescent emissive layers. As a result, the color gamut of display technologies was broadened remarkably, enabling the color revolution. Here, we provide a review of this exciting progress iin the color revolution.
Effective constriction resistance for isotropic and anisotropic film conductors
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When two electrical conductors with rough surfaces are in contact, the apparent contact area can be regarded as an ensemble of small real contact spots, as noted by Holm. The currents flowing through a real contact spot are influenced by the electrical current spread from the adjacent real contact spots. Greenwood considered the interference between a pair of real contact spots. The effective constriction resistance thus obtained can be evaluated once the positions of the real contact spots have been determined. For decades, the expressions for the constriction resistance obtained by Holm and Greenwood have been widely used to interpret and characterize experimental data. Here, we take a completely different approach. Instead of explicitly considering the interference between the real contact spots using their specific positions, we regard the apparent contact area composed of an ensemble of real contact spots as a homogeneous effective conductor. The effective medium theory is not rigorous but its simplicity allows us to study the effective constriction resistance of film and bulk conductors, including the effect of conductivity anisotropy, approximately. We show that the obtained effective resistance is consistent with that obtained by Greenwood for bulk isotropic conductors. We also propose a phenomenological equation to describe the relation between the Holm radius and the number of real contact spots.
Temperature tunable oscillator of THz-frequency signals based on the orthoferrite/heavy metal heterostructure
Authors: Meshcheryakov A A , Safin A R , Kalyabin D V , Nikitov S A , Mednikov A M , Frolov D A , Kirilyuk A I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is a considerable interest in development and realization of the terahertz-frequency range oscillators and detectors. In this work a concept of temperature tunable THz oscillator is theoretically developed. As an active element we suggest holmium orthoferrite near its reorientational phase transition. We show that the heating of the orthoferrite spin system decreases the threshold of the DC electric-current required for self-oscillations due to the anisotropy constant reduction. Such concept of the temperature-tuning of magnetic properties can be applied for wide range of ferri- or antiferromagnets. We discuss a possibility of applying orthoferrite/heavy metal heterostructure as continuously tunable oscillators and detectors of THz-frequency signals.
Multiscale modelling of heterogeneous fillers in polymer composites: the case of polyisoprene and carbon black
Authors: Giunta G , Chiricotto M , Jackson I , Karimi-Varzaneh H A , Carbone P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dispersion of inorganic particles within polymeric materials is an extensively used method to enhance their mechanical properties. One of the major challenges in the simulation of polymer composites is to model the uneven surface of the fillers which strongly affects the dynamics of the adsorbed polymers and consequently the macroscopic mechanical properties of the final composite. Here we propose a new multiscale approach that, using experimental adsorption data, constructs the filler surface to statistically reproduce the surface defects. We use this approach to analyse the structure and dynamics of highly entangled polyisoprene melt in contact with different realistic carbon black samples. We show that the presence of the heterogeneous surface has a negligible influence on the structure of the polymer chains but a major effect on their dynamics and the surface wettability.
High-k erbium oxide film prepared by sol-gel method for low-voltage thin-film transistor
Authors: Wang Guandong , Liu Daiming , Fan Shuangqing , Li Zhaoyang , Su Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, high-dielectric-constant (high-k) erbium oxide（Er2O3）film is fabricated using the spin coating method, and annealed at a series of temperatures (from 400 °C to 700 °C). The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural and electrical properties of Er2O3 nanofilm is investigated. To demonstrate the applicability of the Er2O3 film, the indium oxide (In2O3) thin film transistor (TFT)-based amorphous Er2O3 dielectric film is fabricated at different temperatures. The TFT-based EO-600 shows a low-operating voltage and good electrical properties. The inverter demonstrates that the Er2O3 nanofilm synthesized by the sol-gel method could be a promising candidate as the dielectric layer in a low-voltage electronic device.
Generation of ultrashort keV Ar+ ion pulses via femtosecond laser photoionization
Authors: Golombek Alexander , Breuer Lars , Danzig Lisa , Kucharczyk Paul , Schleberger Marika , Sokolowski-Tinten Klaus , Wucher Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ion beams with energies in the keV regime are widely utilized in solid-state physics, but the ultrafast dynamics triggered by an ion impact onto a solid surface is to date exclusively accessible via simulations based on many untested assumptions and model parameters. A possible experimental access rests on the availability of a laser-synchronized ion source delivering sufficiently short ion pulses for time resolved pump–probe experiments. Here, we demonstrate a new miniaturized ion optical bunching setup for the creation of rare gas ion pulses using strong-field femtosecond laser photoionization. Neutral Ar gas atoms at room temperature are intercepted by a 50 fs, 800 nm laser pulse focused to ∼10 μm spot size. We demonstrate the generation of monoenergetic 2 keV Ar+ ion pulses with 180 ps duration (FWHM) at laser peak intensities around 1014 W cm−2 and of multiply charged Ar
q+ ions (q = 1–5) at higher laser intensities. The results are in good agreement with detailed ion trajectory simulations, which show that the temporal resolution is essentially limited by the initial (thermal) velocity spread of the generated photo-ions, indicating the possibility to achieve even better time resolution by cooling the gas prior to ionization.
Thermo-mechanical pain: the signaling role of heat dissipation in biological tissues
Authors: Vincent-Dospital Tom , Toussaint Renaud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mechanical algesia is an important process for the preservation of living organisms, allowing potentially life-saving reflexes or decisions when given body parts are stressed. Yet, its various underlying mechanisms remain to be fully unraveled. Here, we quantitatively discuss how the detection of painful mechanical stimuli by the human central nervous system may, partly, rely on thermal measurements. Indeed, most fractures in a body, including microscopic ones, release some heat, which diffuses in the surrounding tissues. Through this physical process, the thermo-sensitive TRP proteins, that translate abnormal temperatures into action potentials, shall be sensitive to damaging mechanical inputs. The implication of these polymodal receptors in mechanical algesia has been regularly reported, and we here provide a physical explanation for the coupling between thermal and mechanical pain. In particular, in the human skin, we show how the neighboring neurites of a broken collagen fiber can undergo a sudden thermal elevation that ranges from a fraction to tens of degrees. As this theoretical temperature anomaly lies in the sensibility range of the TRPV3 and TRPV1 cation channels, known to trigger action potentials in the neural system, a degree of mechanical pain can hence be generated.
Optical simulation of quantum mechanics on the Möbius strip, Klein’s bottle and other manifolds, and Talbot effect
Authors: Bělín J , Tyc T , Horsley S A R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We analyse the evolution of the wavefunction of a quantum particle propagating on several compact manifolds, including the Klein bottle, Möbius strip and projective plane. We find analytically the stationary states and the energy spectrum and show that the wavefunction exhibits perfect revivals. Using the orbifold structure of the discussed manifolds, we establish the relation of wave evolution on the manifolds to Fresnel diffraction and consequently to the Talbot effect. This connection provides a novel method of optical simulation of the quantum motion on compact manifolds. We discuss some novel phenomena as well as the effects of topology on the properties of the waves on the manifolds.
Study of the chemical composition of quinoa of Russian selection grown in the South of Russia
Authors: Leushkina E V , Donchenko L V , Limareva N S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to WHO experts, almost all countries have a shortage of dietary protein, which is about 25 million tons. This fact causes a high risk to human health, expressed in changes in the quality of its physiological processes. Most of the world’s scientists conduct scientific research to find natural raw sources of biologically complete protein. It is promising to use pseudo-grain quinoa culture as such source, which was awarded the title of the ideal product of the XXI century because of its amino acid composition. We conducted research on quinoa of Russian selection grown in the southern part of Russia. It was found that the coefficient of difference of amino acid scores (CDAS) of quinoa protein, showing an excess number of essential amino acids that are not used for plastic needs, is 9.86 %. With the CDAS evaluated the biological value (BV) of quinoa proteins, which is equal to 90.14%. Experimental data confirmed the nutritional value of quinoa of Russian selection. It can be recommended as a functional source of not only balanced amino acid composition of protein, but also minerals, vitamins, in particular magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, C and fat-soluble vitamin β-carotene.
Phenotypic regulation of the synthesis of carbohydrases by Kluyveromyces yeasts
Authors: Korneeva O , Sviridova T , Shuvaeva G , Meshcheryakova O , Anokhina E , Motina E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ability of Kluyveromyces marxianus Y-303 strain to synthesize highly active intracellular β-fructosidases (invertase and inulinase) was studied. The effect of separate sources of carbon, nitrogen, the initial pH of the nutrient medium, temperature and duration of cultivation process on the biosynthesis of enzymes were studied. The optimal composition of the nutrient medium and cultivation conditions that ensure the maximum production of the studied enzymes by K. marxianus yeast were selected. It was found out that the optimal medium for invertase synthesis contains 3% fructose and 0.6% NH4H2PO4, and for inulinase - 0.5% inulin and 0.12% yeast extract of inulinase. Optimal cultivation conditions for the accumulation of invertase - pH 6.0, temperature - 30 ° C, duration - 42 hours; and for inulinase, respectively: pH 5.0, 25 °C, 66 hours. The described cultivation conditions of K. marxianus led to 6-7 fold activity increase for invertaseand 8–9 fold- for inulinase.
Investigation of germinated crops elemental composition
Authors: Ponomareva E I , Alekhina N N , Lukina S I , Gubareva Yu P , Skvortsova O B , Tereshchenko D A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The introduction of the crops germination stage allows increasing their nutritional value by increasing the amount of minerals, vitamins and amino acids, which are easily digested and have a beneficial effect on a human body. At the same time, heavy metals located on the surface of grains pose a danger to human health. When the grains swell, the water treated in various ways (magnetic, ultrasonic, etc.) is used. However, there is not enough information about changes in minerals and the toxic elements content during germination of flax seeds and buckwheat grains processed with physical methods. Therefore, in the work, we investigated the change in mineral substances and toxic elements during germination of flax seeds with the application of magnetized water and buckwheat grains - with ultrasonic treatment of tap water using mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. It was found out that the germinated flax seeds and buckwheat grains were characterized by different mineral contents and fewer toxic elements. The content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, copper, zinc increased in crops in the process of germination.
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum (schrank.) schuebl.) in the technology of whole-wheat bread production
Authors: Khmeleva E , Berezina N , Khmelev A , Rumyantseva V , Kunitsyna T , Rogacheva Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Worldwide interest in healthy food is promoting the production of non-traditional bakery products. Whole-wheat bread refers to such kind of products. Emmer as a crop with a valuable chemical composition is a promising source of raw materials for developing grain bakery products of increased nutritional value and giving them functional properties. The high content of proteins in emmer wheat characterized by a balanced amino acid composition, food fibers, and minerals is indicated. The possibility of using emmer wheat grain (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl.) in bread making for the production of whole-wheat bread is analyzed. The chemical composition and quality indicators of emmer wheat grain of Runo variety grown in the Orel region are established. The conducted analysis of the content, wet gluten quality and autolytic activity changes (in terms of falling-number) in emmer wheat grain at steeping stage shows the necessity to develop technological methods that allow providing the production of high-quality whole-wheat bread. Methods for steeping emmer wheat grain have been developed that neutralize the deterioration of the technological properties of emmer wheat grain at the steeping stage and allow producing whole-wheat bread with high organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics.
The use of water-honey extract of hypericum herb to prevent bakery products from “potato disease”
Authors: Dombrovskaya Y P , Derkanosova A A , Pushkar V V , Manukovskaya M V , Klimova E A , Galochkina N A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Unwanted microflora in bread causes a disease called “potato disease”, as a result of which bakery products mold prematurely. The causative agents of this process are the spore-forming bacteria Bac.mesentericus and Bac.subtilis. A method for preventing “potato disease” is proposed due to the use of hypericum, honey, sour cream of 10% fat in the recipe. Water-honey extract fermented with Str.lactis and Str.cremoris was obtained. The introduction of 6% of the studied LAB fermented Str.lactis and Str.cremoris water-honey extract of hypericum, when mixing wheat dough, prevents the development of “potato disease” and mildew, intensifies the process of dough preparation. Dough fermentation is reduced by 60 min, gas-forming ability and fermentation activity of the dough are improved. This allows to obtain finished products with improved organoleptic (color, aroma, taste) and physico-chemical quality indicators (porosity, specific volume).
Biologically active microorganisms for inhibition Ambrosia artemisiifolia L
Authors: Didovich S V , Berestetskiy A O , Gasich E L , Pas’ A N , Alekseenko O P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents data on the evaluation of a number of microorganisms for biocontrol of the quarantine weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed). Relatively high herbicidal efficacy (50% of dead seedlings of common ragweed) of multicomponent formulations based on a strain 32.85 of the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Stagonosporopsis heliopsidis and a strain 4 of the phototrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc sphaeroides was experimentally demonstrated in laboratory conditions. This was twice higher compared to treatment with one microorganism. The emulsion formulation based on 0.5% refined vegetable oil + 1.0 % lecithin + 0.1% Tween 80 and 4% chopped mycelium of S. heliopsidis 32.85 was evaluated against A. artemisiifolia in the field conditions of Crimea foothills. The damaged leaf surface area was about 18% 2 weeks post treatment of the weed.
Modification of the whey protein cluster for the utilization in low-calorie food technology
Authors: Melnikova E I , Stanislavskaya E B , Fedorova A R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the urgent tasks of the dairy industry is to develop alternative modifications of the composition and properties of the whey protein cluster for the utilization in food technologies. The objective of the research is to optimize the conditions for modifying the whey protein cluster to develop competitive food products. The quality indicators of the research subjects, their composition and properties have been determined in accordance with Russian standards. Some part of the research has been carried out in in vivo and in vitro experiments. To develop the whey proteins microparticulate, a technological flowchart involving concentrating the whey protein cluster by ultrafiltration and thermomechanical treatment of the resulting concentrate has been proposed. Mathematical modelling of the process by means of neural-network approximation has been carried out to forecast the quality indicators and some directions of using whey proteins microparticulates depending on the initial technological parameters. The resulting microparticulates are characterized by a valuable composition, high water-binding, bifidogenic capacity and antioxidant activity. There have been the formulations of food products with the microparticulate content providing for the replacement of 10-40 % of fat-containing dairy raw materials, which has resulted in the energy value decrease. The technology of the developed products is characterized by the standard technological flowchart and supplemented by the stages of the microparticulate production.
Study of composition and properties of duck meat
Authors: Slobodyanik V S , Ilina N M , Suleymanov S M , Polyanskikh S V , Maslova Yu F , Galin R F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the essential task of scientific justification of the use of waterfowl meat in the meat products technology. The objects of the study were the white Peking ducks, the muscovy ducks and the mulard hybrid ducks. In the comparative aspect, the gravimetric parameters of the main dressing parts of the duck carcasses, their tissue composition, total chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, mineral substances), the fractional composition of meat proteins, the content of macroelements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) and microelements (Ferrum, zinc) were studied. The energy value of the duck meat, its functional and technological properties was determined, and the microstructure of the muscle tissue of the breast and thigh parts of the carcass was studied. The comparative analysis showed that the meat of the Peking duck is inferior to the meat of the muscovy duck and the mulard duck in protein content, but exceeds it in fat content. The most significant portion of the muscle tissue is concentrated in the breast and leg quarter. The meat of the Peking duck has a higher caloric content compared to that of the muscovy and the mulard duck. Duck meat is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, as well as Ferrum and zinc. Duck meat can be used as a functional raw material because these mineral substances are often scarce in the diet of a modern human. High functional and technological properties of duck meat provide high-quality indicators of the finished product.