bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Eyestalk Ablation on Several Immunologic Variables in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Nur Indriyani , Iyen Hartina , Yusnaini Yusnaini 
Published: February 2021

Eyestalk ablation inflicted upon crustacean is generally performed in captivity to induce ovarian maturation. However, ablation is a hurtful action that may impose physiological stress and even affects survival. The immunologic repercussions of the ablation have not been well understood and thus this study aims to analyze the effect of ablation on immunologic variables through comparing the ablated Litopenaeus vannamei with those of unablated shrimps (control). Unilateral left eyestalk ablation was inflicted on shrimp samples. Shrimp immune responses were observed based on the Total Haemocyte Count (THC), Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC) composing of hyaline cell (HC) counts and granular cell (GC) counts, glucose and uric acid levels, along with the weight gains of shrimps. Observed parametres were taken twice from 10 shrimps for each of the observed and control samples (i.e., on 6 h and 5 d elapsed time). The results show that the ablated shrimps group, after 6 h elapsed time, experienced significant decrease in THC (3.12 ± 0.75 x 106 cells ml-1), but recovered after 5 days (3.89 ± 0.96 x 106 cells ml-1) and were not significantly different from the control (5.16 ± 2.20 x 106 cells ml-1). Meanwhile, glucose level show significant decrease over 6 h and 5 d post ablation (108 and 93 mg dL-1, respectively) compared to the resulting responses from the control (35-36 mg dL-1). Differences in DHC for all cell types as well as uric acid in hemolymph were not significant between the observed and the control samples. Moreover, the ablated treatment did not affect the growth of vannamei after 5 d post ablation. The results revealed that changes occur on the physiological and immune parameters of shrimps due to the eye ablation treatment as shown by the decrease in the THC and glucose levels, especially within the early moments post treatment. However, at the end of the observation (5 d post ablation), shrimps exhibit signs of recovery from stress indicated by an increase in THC close to normal.
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile
Authors: Muszalska Marcelina , Przybylska Patrycja , Piwowarek Michał , Komisarek Oskar , Matthews‑Brzozowska Teresa 
Published: February 2021

A gummy smile is an excessive exposure of the gums while smiling. There are four types: anterior- excessive gum exposure from canine to canine, posterior — excessive gum exposure in the lateral segment, mixed — combining the anterior and posterior components, and asymmetrical — with a disproportion between the right and left side. The causes of gingival smile include: skeletal defect, delayed passive tooth eruption, nasal septal dysplasia, and excessive muscle activity. A simple, fast and minimally invasive method of gummy smile therapy caused by excessive muscle activity is the supply of botulinum toxin type A to the muscles responsible for a given type of smile. A favorable aesthetic effect can be achieved with a good knowledge of application sites and individually selected doses. When determining the dose, which is described in the literature between 2 IU and 10 IU onabotulin per page, researchers take into account not only the type of corrected smile, the number of puncture points, but also gender and age of the patient.
Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosional, Adaptasi Tenaga Kerja Alihdaya Frontline terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Pekerjaan Tenaga Alihdaya
Authors: Musaddad Rohul Fachryan , Riani Asri Laksmi 
Published: February 2021

This research is included in the influence testing study Emotional Intellegence, Self Emotional Appraisal, Others’ Emotional Appraisal, Regulation of Emotion, Use Of Emotion for frontline employee work performance and frontline employee satisfaction. Emotional Intellegence for work performance and fronttline employee satisfaction mediated by FLE Adaptability. This research was conducted on frontline employees of PT. PLN Persero in Surakarta, Indonesia. Taken with probability sampling method. Criteria for respondents are employees who deal directly with consumers. This study took 340 respondents. To test the proposed model, this study uses structural equation modeling of partial least squares (PLS) with a sample of 340 frontline employees of PT. PLN Persero in Surakarta, Indonesia. The results reveal that the relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Others' Emotional Appraisal, Self Emotional Appraisal, Use Of Emotion affects FLE Adaptabiity. While the Regulation of Emotion variable does not have a positive effect on FLE Adaptabiity. Furthermore, this study confirms that the relationship between Emotional Intelligence to work performance and frontline employee satisfaction is mediated by FLE Adaptabiity.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada BPR Kartasura Saribumi PT dengan Leader Member Exchange sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Rumambi Nandhitya , Cholil Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research were explain and measure the direct influence of transformational leadership on the commitment of employee organizations in the Kartosuro Sari Bumi BPR PT. Effect of transformational leadership on Leader member exchange on employees of BPR Kartosuro Sari Bumi PT. Effect of leader member exchange on organizational commitment on employees of BPR Kartosuro Sari Bumi PT. Effect of transformational leadership on commitment leader member exchange mediated organization in employees of BPR Kartosuro Sari Bumi PT. This study took the object of Kartosuro Sari Bumi BPR PT. Located at Jl. Ahmad Yani, No. 142, Kartosuro, Sukoharjo. The research subjects were 320 employees, and 178 employees were taken as samples.The results of the study found that transformational leadership influences organizational commitment; Transformational leadership influences leader member exchange. Leader member exchange fully influences the influence of transformational leadership on the commitment of employee organizations in the BPR Kartosuro Sari Bumi PT.
Penyuluhan Budidaya Lele dan Azolla untuk Warga Pengajian MTA Banjarsari, Surakarta
Authors: Sudadi Sudadi , Suryono Suryono 
Published: February 2021

<p>Program pengabdian ini bekerjasama dengan dua mitra, yaitu (1) MTA Cabang Banjarsari Surakarta, dan (2) Peternakan Lele “Dwipangga”. Mitra 1 berlokasi di dukuh Gebang, Kelurahan Banjarsari, Kecamatan Banjarsari, Kota Surakarta. Mitra 1 adalah lembaga dakwah islamiyah non profit sedangkan bidang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh mitra 2 adalah peternakan lele. Permintaan konsumen terhadap ikan lele di Surakarta dan sekitarnya per hari sangat tinggi, belum mampu dipenuhi oleh mitra usaha tersebut. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra 1 adalah masih adanya warga binaan pengajian yang kondisi ekonominya kurang mampu dan kurang produktif. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra 2 adalah biaya yang tinggi untuk menyediakan pakan ikan lele yang berkualitas. Kebutuhan pakan lele per minggu mencapai 200-250 kg, dengan harga pakan rata-rata Rp. 8.300,- per kg. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penyediaan pakan alternatif, seperti Azolla yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan cepat berkembang biak. Azolla adalah satu-satunya genus paku air yang mengapung. Selain dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk hijau, Azolla dimanfaatkan untuk pakan ikan karena mengandung nutrisi tinggi dan mengapung yang dapat langsung dimakan ikan ataupun dibuat pelet. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengatasi permasalahan utama yang dihadapi Mitra 1 yaitu membuka peluang peningkatan ekonomi keluarga dan Mitra 2 yaitu mengatasi mahalnya pakan lele dengan menggunakan Azolla sebagai pakan substitusi yang dibudidayakan bersama lele. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah memberi bimbingan dan praktik langsung kepada mitra tentang budidaya lele bersama Azolla, bantuan pembuatan kolam, bibit Azolla, bibit dan pakan lele. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra 1 dalam budidaya lele bersama Azolla dan teknologi tepat guna budidaya sistem ganda Azolla-lele yang telah diterapkan oleh mitra 2.</p>
Sosialisasi dan Penyuluhan Budidaya Pisang dengan Bibit Hasil Kultur Jaringan di Desa Lempong, Kecamatan Jenawi, Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Samanhudi Samanhudi , Widijanto Hery , Yunus Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

<p>Komoditas lokal yang diunggulkan dari Kecamatan Jenawi adalah pisang dan telah banyak dipasarkan di daerah Surakarta. Produksi pisang harus diimbangi dengan pemenuhan bibit yang memadai. Penggunaan bibit pisang dari kultur jaringan dapat diperoleh hasil yang memenuhi standar kuantitas maupun kualitas. Bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan bersifat seragam, lebih resisten hama maupun penyakit, dan dapat disediakan bibit dalam jumlah cukup banyak setiap saat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini melibatkan dua mitra, yaitu Kelompok Tani (KT) Lawu Makmur dan KT Subur Makmur di wilayah Desa Lempong, Kecamatan Jenawi, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Kegiatan dilakukan pada bulan April sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2019. Beberapa jenis pisang yang disiapkan untuk pengembangan antara lain kultivar Rajabulu, Barangan, Mas Kirana, dan Kepok. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan melibatkan petani secara langsung, baik dalam pertemuan-pertemuan teknis maupun dalam praktik langsung di lapangan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi; penyiapan bibit pisang, koordinasi dengan mitra, sosialisasi hasil kultur jaringan, dan penyuluhan budidaya pisang dengan bibit hasil kultur jaringan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa penyiapan bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Sosialisasi dan penyuluhan budidaya pisang dengan bibit hasil kutur jaringan dapat terlaksana dan diikuti oleh petani dari kelompok tani mitra. Hasil akhir kegiatan petani dapat memperoleh pemahaman tentang bibit hasil kultur jaringan dan menggunakan bibit tersebut dalam budidaya.</p>
Controlled ovarian stimulation should not be preferred for male infertility treated with intrauterine insemination: a retrospective study
Authors: Tang Yan , He Qian-Dong , Zhang Ting-Ting , Wang Jing-Jing , Huang Si-Chong , Ye Yun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Some studies have stated that intrauterine insemination (IUI) with controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) might increase the pregnancy rate, while others suggest that IUI in the natural cycle (NC) should be the first line of treatment. It remains unclear whether it is necessary to use COS at the same time when IUI is applied to treat isolated male factor infertility. Thus, we aimed to investigate efficacy of IUI with COS for isolated male factor infertility.Methods: A total of 601 IUI cycles from 307 couples who sought medical care for isolated male factor infertility between January 2010 and February 2020 were divided into two groups: NC-IUI and COS-IUI. The COS-IUI group was further divided into two subgroups according to the number of pre-ovulatory follicles on the day of HCG: cycles with monofollicular development (one follicle group) and cycles with at least two pre-ovulatory follicles (≥ 2 follicles group). The IUI outcomes, including clinical pregnancy, live birth, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and multiple pregnancy rates were compared.Results: The clinical pregnancy, live birth, spontaneous abortion, and ectopic pregnancy rates were comparable between the NC-IUI and COS-IUI group. Similar results were also observed among the NC-IUI, one follicle, and ≥ 2 follicles groups. However, with respect to the multiple pregnancy rate, a trend toward higher multiple pregnancy rate was observed in the COS-IUI group compared to the NC-IUI group (8.7% vs. 0, P=0.091), and a significant difference was found between the NC-IUI and ≥ 2 follicles group (0 vs. 16.7%, P=0.033).Conclusion: In COS cycles, especially in those with at least two pre-ovulatory follicles, the multiple pregnancy rate increased without a substantial gain in overall pregnancy rate; thus, COS should not be preferred in IUI for isolated male factor infertility. If COS is required, one stimulated follicle and one healthy baby should be the goal considering the safety of both mothers and foetuses.
Inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults in China and the associated social determinants: a decomposition approach
Authors: Deng Qingwen , Liu Wenbin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDespite there is growing evidence focusing on health inequalities in China, socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults have received little attention. This study aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults, and determine the contributing social factors to the inequalities.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a total of 10556 older adults aged 65 and over were included in the study. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was measured by using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment were illustrated and quantified by the concentration curve and normalized concentration index. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the associated factors of cognitive impairment. And decomposition analysis was further applied to decompose the contribution of each determinant to the observed inequalities in cognitive impairment. ResultsThe study indicated that the prevalence of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults was 18.95%. The overall concentration index for cognitive impairment was − 0.046, which suggested a higher concentration of cognitive impairment among socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults. The results showed the prevalence of cognitive impairment was associated with sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation, economic status, emotional support, financial support, living arrangement, and participation in informal activities. Decomposition results further revealed the contributions of the determinants to the inequalities in cognitive impairment. Specifically, age (131.61%), marital status (85.68%), emotional support (84.85%), education level (39.73%), occupation (21.24%), sex (17.25%), financial support (− 4.19%), economic status (1.02%), living arrangement (0.88%), and informal activities (0.30%) have varying degrees of contributions to the inequality in cognitive impairment.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the pro-rich inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults in China. It suggests that policymakers should pay more attention to older adults who are female, old-old, widowed, illiterate, economically disadvantaged, have no social support, and are less socially involved. Also, more targeted interventions should be undertaken to improve the socioeconomic conditions of these vulnerable individuals and their ability to cope with the risk of cognitive impairment.
The PD-L1 metabolic interactome intersects with choline metabolism and inflammation
Authors: Pacheco-Torres Jesús , Penet Marie-France , Mironchik Yelena , Krishnamachary Balaji , Bhujwalla Zaver M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Harnessing the power of the immune system by using immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in some of the most exciting advances in cancer treatment. The full potential of this approach has, however, not been fully realized for treating many cancers such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Cancer metabolism influences many aspects of cancer progression including immune surveillance. An expanded understanding of how cancer metabolism can directly impact immune checkpoints may allow further optimization of immunotherapy. We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. Methods: We used small interfering RNA to downregulate Chk-a, PD-L1 or both in two triple negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149) and two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Pa09C and Pa20C). The effects of the downregulation were studied at the genomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. The findings were compared with results obtained by analysis of public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program.Results: We identified an inverse dependence between Chk-α and PD-L1 at the genomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. We also found that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play an important role in this relationship. We independently confirmed this relationship in human cancers by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Conclusions: Our data identified previously unknown roles of PD-L1 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and revealed the immunosuppressive increased PD-L1 effect of Chk-α downregulation. These data suggest that PD-L1 regulation of metabolism may be mediated through Chk-α, COX-2 and TGF-β. The observations provide new insights that can be applied to the rational design of combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints and cancer metabolism.
Child witchcraft confessions as an idiom of distress in Sierra Leone; results of a rapid qualitative inquiry and recommendations for mental health interventions.
Authors: Yoder Heleen , de Jong Joop T.V.M. , Tol Wietse Anton , Duncan Joshua Abioseh , Bayoh Amjata , Reis Ria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Reports about child witchcraft are not uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we approach child witchcraft as an idiom of distress. In an environment that may prohibit children from openly expressing distress, the shared imagery of witchcraft can provide a cultural idiom to communicate about psychosocial suffering. We used an ecological approach to study how some children in distressing circumstances come to a witchcraft confession, with the aim to set out pathways for mental health interventions.Methods We employed rapid qualitative inquiry methodology, with an inductive and iterative approach, combining emic and etic perspectives. We conducted 37 interviews and 12 focus group discussions with a total of 127 participants in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Inductive analysis was used to identify risk and protective factors related to witchcraft accusations and confessions.Results We identified risk and protective factors related to the individual child, the family, peer relations, teachers and other professionals in a child’s life, traditional healers, pastors and the wider society. We found that in the context of a macrosystem that supports witchcraft, suspicions of witchcraft are formed at the mesosystem level, where actors from the microsystem interact with each other and the child. The involvement of a traditional healer or pastor often forms a tipping point that leads to a confession of witchcraft. Conclusions Child witchcraft is an idiom of distress, not so much owned by the individual child as well as by the systems around the child. Mental health interventions should be systemic and multi-sectoral, to prevent accusations and confessions, and address the suffering of both the child and the systems surrounding the child. Interventions should be contextually relevant and service providers should be helped to address conscious and subconscious fears related to witchcraft. Beyond mental health interventions, advocacy, peacebuilding and legislation is needed to address the deeper systemic issues of poverty, conflict and abuse.
Echocardiographic Parameters during Prolonged Targeted Temperature Management in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors to Predict Neurological Outcome - a post-hoc analysis of the TTH48 trial
Authors: Jensen Thomas Hvid , Juhl-Olsen Peter , Nielsen Bent Roni Ranghøj , Heiberg Johan , Duez Christophe Henri Valdemar , Jeppesen Anni Nørgaard , Frederiksen Christian Alcaraz , Kirkegaard Hans , Grejs Anders Morten 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) indices of myocardial function among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been related to neurological outcome; however, results are inconsistent. We hypothesized that changes in average peak systolic mitral annular velocity (s’) from 24 hours (h) to 72 h following start of targeted temperature management (TTM) predict six-month neurological outcome in comatose OHCA survivors.Methods: We investigated the association between peak systolic velocity of the mitral plane (s’) and six-month neurological outcome in a population of 99 patients from a randomised controlled trial comparing TTM at 33±1°C for 24 hours (h) (n=47) vs. 48h (n=52) following OHCA (TTH48-trial). TTE was conducted at 24h, 48h, and 72h after reaching target temperature. The primary outcome was 180 days neurological outcome assessed by Cerebral Performance Category score (CPC180) and the primary TTE outcome measure was s’. Secondary outcome measures were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), e’, E/e’ and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: Across all three scan time points s’ was not associated with neurological outcome (ORs: 24 h: 1.0 (95%CI: 0.7-1.4, p=0.98), 48 h: 1.13 (95%CI: 0.9-1.4, p=0.34), 72 h: 1.04 (95%CI: 0.8-1.4, p=0.76)). LVEF, GLS, E/e’, and TAPSE recorded on serial TTEs following OHCA were neither associated with nor did they predict CPC180. Estimated median e’ at 48h following TTM was 5.74 cm/s (95%CI: 5.27-6.22) in patients with good outcome (CPC180 1-2) vs. 4.95 cm/s (95%CI: 4.37-5.54) in patients with poor outcome (CPC180 3-5) (p=0.04). Conclusions: s’ assessed on serial TTEs in comatose survivors of OHCA treated with TTM was not associated with CPC180. Our findings suggest that serial TTEs in the early post-resuscitation phase during TTM do not aid the prognostication of neurological outcome following OHCA.Trial registration: NCT02066753. Registered 14 February 2014 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02066753