bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Caspase Family in Acute Brain Injury: The Potential Therapeutic
Targets in the Future
Authors: Zhang Anke , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Yibo , Lenahan Cameron , Xu Houshi , Jiang Junkun , Yuan Ling , Wang Liangbo , Xu Yuanzhi , Chen Sheng , Fang Yuanjian , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: November 2021

:
The caspase family is commonly involved in the pathophysiology of acute brain injury
(ABI) through complex apoptotic, pyroptotic, and inflammatory pathways. Current translational
strategies for caspase modulation in ABI primarily focus on caspase inhibitors. Because there are no
caspase-inhibiting drugs approved for clinical use on the market, the development of caspase inhibitors
remains an attractive challenge for researchers and clinicians. Therefore, we conducted the present
review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of caspases in ABI. In this review,
we summarized the available evidence and potential mechanisms regarding the biological
function of caspases. We also reviewed the therapeutic effects of caspase inhibitors on ABI and its
subsequent complications. However, various important issues remain unclear, prompting further
verification of the efficacy and safety regarding clinical application of caspase inhibitors. We believe
that our work will be helpful to further understand the critical role of the caspase family and
will provide novel therapeutic potential for ABI treatment.
Neurochemical and Behavioral Consequences of Ethanol and/or Caffeine
Exposure: Effects in Zebrafish and Rodents
Authors: Connaughton Victoria P. , Clayman Carly L. 
Published: November 2021

:
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized to model the behavioral and neurochemical effects
of pharmaceuticals and, more recently, pharmaceutical interactions. Zebrafish models of stress
establish that both caffeine and ethanol influence anxiety, though few studies have implemented coadministration
to assess the interaction of anxiety and reward-seeking. Caffeine exposure in
zebrafish is teratogenic, causing developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular,
and nervous systems of embryos and larvae. Ethanol is also a teratogen and, as an anxiolytic substance,
may be able to offset the anxiogenic effects of caffeine. Co-exposure to caffeine and alcohol
impacts neuroanatomy and behavior in adolescent animal models, suggesting stimulant substances
may moderate the impact of alcohol on neural circuit development. Here, we review the literature
describing neuropharmacological and behavioral consequences of caffeine and/or alcohol exposure
in the zebrafish model, focusing on neurochemistry, locomotor effects, and behavioral assessments
of stress/anxiety as reported in adolescent/juvenile and adult animals. The purpose of this review is
twofold: (1) describe the work in zebrafish documenting the effects of ethanol and/or caffeine exposure
and (2) compare these zebrafish studies with comparable experiments in rodents. We focus on
specific neurochemical pathways (dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA), anxiety-type behaviors
(assessed with a novel tank, thigmotaxis, shoaling), and locomotor changes resulting from both individual
and co-exposure. We compare findings in zebrafish with those in rodent models, revealing
similarities across species and identifying conservation of mechanisms that potentially reinforce coaddiction.
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Business Sustainability: The Dual Mediation
Authors: Sarmawa I Wayan Gde , Martini Ida Ayu Oka , Sugianingrat Ida Ayu Putu Widani 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Companies are constantly trying to maintain customer trust and loyalty in an effort to preserve business sustainability. Implementing environmental concerns in the form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is expected to achieve both of these aims. This study aims to analyze the roles of CSR, customer trust, and customer loyalty in business sustainability. Questionnaires were filled by 10 customers from each of 100 Rural Banks spread over 9 districts/cities in Bali, Indonesia. Data analysis was performed with SmartPLS 3.3.2 software. The research found that CSR, customer trust, and customer loyalty have a significant impact on business sustainability. The results also found that customer trust and customer loyalty function as mediation in the relationship between CSR and business sustainability. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, customer trust, customer loyalty, business sustainability Pengaruh Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan terhadap Keberlanjutan Bisnis: Mediasi GandaAbstrak: Perusahaan senantiasa berusaha menjaga kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan dalam upaya menjaga keberlangsungan bisnis. Implementasi kepedulian lingkungan dalam bentuk Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) diharapkan dapat mencapai kedua tujuan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran CSR, kepercayaan pelanggan, dan loyalitas pelanggan dalam keberlanjutan bisnis. Kuesioner diisi oleh 10 nasabah dari masing-masing 100 BPR yang tersebar di 9 kabupaten/kota di Bali, Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan dengan software SmartPLS 3.3.2. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa CSR, kepercayaan pelanggan, dan loyalitas pelanggan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keberlangsungan bisnis. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa kepercayaan pelanggan dan loyalitas pelanggan berfungsi sebagai mediasi dalam hubungan antara CSR dan keberlanjutan bisnis.Kata kunci: Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan, kepercayaan pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan, keberlangsungan usaha
User-Centered Development and Testing of the Online Patient-Reported Outcomes, Burdens, and Experiences (PROBE) Survey and the myPROBE App and Integration With the Canadian Bleeding Disorder Registry: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Germini Federico , Borg Debono Victoria , Page David , Zuk Victoria , Kucher Alexandra , Cotoi Chris , Hobson Nicholas , Sevestre Michael , Skinner Mark W , Iorio Alfonso ,   PROBE Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background
The Patient-Reported Outcomes, Burdens, and Experiences (PROBE) questionnaire is a tool for assessing the quality of life and disease burden in people living with hemophilia.

Objective
The objectives of our study were (1) to assess the needs of relevant stakeholders involved in the use of PROBE, (2) to develop the software infrastructure needed to meet these needs, and (3) to test the usability of the final product.

Methods
We conducted a series of semistructured interviews of relevant stakeholders, including PROBE investigators, people with hemophilia, and representatives of the sponsor. Based on these, we developed an online survey and a mobile app for iOS and Android. A user group evaluated the final product using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and an open feedback framework.

Results
The online survey was updated, and the myPROBE app for mobile devices and a new application programming interface were developed. The app was tested and modified according to user feedback over multiple cycles. The final version of the app was released in July 2019. Seventeen users aged 23 to 67 years evaluated the final version of the app using the SUS. The median (first, third quartile) SUS score for the app was 85 (68, 88) out of 100. The newly introduced functionalities were as follows: (1) capability to longitudinally track repeated fillings of the questionnaire at different time points by the same participant (as opposed to anonymous completion); (2) linking of the questionnaire with hemophilia registries, starting with the Canadian Bleeding Disorders Registry as a proof of concept; (3) removing or adding questions as needed; and (4) sending notifications to the users (eg, reminders). A new secure database was built for securely storing personal information separately from the questionnaire data. The PROBE online survey is currently available in 96 countries and 34 languages.

Conclusions
The online survey was updated successfully, and the myPROBE app was developed, with a SUS score of 85 (out of 100). The app has been released in 81 countries and 34 languages. This will facilitate data collection for research and advocacy purposes, and the use of this tool in everyday clinical practice.
The Relationship Between Electronic Health Record System and Performance on Quality Measures in the American College of Rheumatology’s Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry: Observational Study
Authors: Hammam Nevin , Izadi Zara , Li Jing , Evans Michael , Kay Julia , Shiboski Stephen , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: November 2021

Background
Routine collection of disease activity (DA) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are nationally endorsed quality measures and critical components of a treat-to-target approach. However, little is known about the role electronic health record (EHR) systems play in facilitating performance on these measures.

Objective
Using the American College Rheumatology’s (ACR’s) RISE registry, we analyzed the relationship between EHR system and performance on DA and functional status (FS) quality measures.

Methods
We analyzed data collected in 2018 from practices enrolled in RISE. We assessed practice-level performance on quality measures that require DA and FS documentation. Multivariable linear regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to examine the independent effect of EHR system on practice-level quality measure performance, adjusting for practice characteristics and patient case-mix.

Results
In total, 220 included practices cared for 314,793 patients with RA. NextGen was the most commonly used EHR system (34.1%). We found wide variation in performance on DA and FS quality measures by EHR system (median 30.1, IQR 0-74.8, and median 9.0, IQR 0-74.2), respectively). Even after adjustment, NextGen practices performed significantly better than Allscripts on the DA measure (51.4% vs 5.0%; P<.05) and significantly better than eClinicalWorks and eMDs on the FS measure (49.3% vs 29.0% and 10.9%; P<.05).

Conclusions
Performance on national RA quality measures was associated with the EHR system, even after adjusting for practice and patient characteristics. These findings suggest that future efforts to improve quality of care in RA should focus not only on provider performance reporting but also on developing and implementing rheumatology-specific standards across EHRs.
Patients’ and Health Care Workers’ Perception of Migraine Images on the Internet: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Raffaelli Bianca , Kull Pia , Mecklenburg Jasper , Overeem Lucas Hendrik , Storch Elisabeth , Terhart Maria , Neeb Lars , Reuter Uwe 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe representation of migraine in the media is stereotypical. Standard images of migraine attacks display stylish young women holding their head in a pain pose. This representation may contribute to the social stigmatization of patients with migraine.ObjectiveWe aimed to analyze how patients with migraine and health care workers perceive online images of migraine.MethodsThe study consisted of an anonymous web-based survey of patients with migraine at the Headache Center of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (migraine group) and employees and students at our university (health care group). A total of 10 frequently used Adobe Stock photos of migraine attacks were presented to the participants. Each photo was rated on a scale of 0% to 100% based on how closely it resembled a realistic migraine attack (realism score). Patients with migraine also indicated how much each photo corresponded to their own experience of migraine as a percentage (representation score). We calculated the mean realism and representation scores for all photos and conducted further analyses using the categories male or female models, younger or older models, and unilateral or bilateral pain pose.ResultsA total of 367 patients with migraine and 331 health care employees and students completed the survey. In both groups, the mean realism score was <50% (migraine group: 47.8%, SD 18.3%; health care group: 46.0%, SD 16.2%). Patients with migraine identified their own migraine experience in these photos to a lesser degree (mean representation score 44.4%, SD 19.8%; P<.001 when compared to the realism score). Patients and health care workers considered photos with male models to be more realistic than photos with females (P<.001) and photos with older models to be more realistic than those with younger people (P<.001). In the health care group only, a bilateral pain posture was deemed more realistic than a unilateral pose (P<.001).ConclusionsStandard images of migraine attacks are considered only slightly or moderately realistic by patients and health care workers. Some characteristics perceived as more realistic such as male sex or older age are in contrast with migraine epidemiology. A more accurate representation of migraine in the media could help to raise awareness for migraine and reduce the associated stigma.
The Role of Social Bonds in Understanding the Pre- and Post-Recognition Effects of Recognition Visibility
Authors: Burke Joseph 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Distinguishing high-performing employees imposes choices on managers: Is recognition most effectively delivered publicly or privately? If delivered publicly, what setting is best? This paper broadens the accounting literature on the implications of these decisions. Via experiment, I examine how the social bond between recognized employees and those observing the recognition influences the effect of recognition visibility on employee behavior. I find that with weak social bonds, public recognition (versus private) does not result in more beneficial employee behavior. However, when social bonds are strong, employees provide greater pre-recognition effort and respond more positively to public recognition than to private recognition. Overall, my study supports the extensive use of public recognition in practice and helps clarify the collective results from prior accounting studies. My findings also have implications for implementing recognition programs—suggesting managers should consider employee relationships when deciding how and where to recognize their employees.
Mikrorozmnażanie stewii (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) z eksplantatów węzłowych izolowanych z roślin wytworzonych in vitro
Authors: DOLIŃSKI ROMUALD , JABŁOŃSKA EWELINA 
Published: November 2021

Głównym celem badań była ocena populacji Stevia rebaudiana pod względem zdolności do mikrorozmnażania z eksplantatów węzłowych. Pierwotnymi eksplantatami były wierzchołki pędów pobrane z roślin rosnących w szklarni. Eksplantaty węzłowe wycięto ze sterylnych roślin wytworzonych in vitro. Wyłożono je na pożywkę MS uzupełnioną różnymi stężeniami BAP (0,5–4 mg.dm-3). Po trzech tygodniach przełożono eksplantaty na świeże pożywki z tymi samymi stężeniami BAP i GA3 w stężeniu 0,1 mg,dm-3. W czasie trzech następnych tygodni wszystkie eksplantaty zregenerowały pędy. Maksymalne formowanie pędów (średnio 11,36 z eksplantatu) stwierdzono na pożywce zawierającej 1,0 mg.dm-3 BAP i 0,1 mg.dm-3 GA3. Wszystkie kombinacje BAP i GA3 wytwarzały dużo kalusa. Rozwinęło się go najwięcej na pożywce MS zawierającej BAP w stężeniu 1,0 mg.dm-3. Pędy ukorzeniano w pożywce MS uzupełnianej różnymi stężeniami IBA (0,25–2 mg.dm-3). W czasie 5 tygodni wszystkie pędy wytworzyły korzenie. Najwięcej korzeni (10,04) otrzymano przy 1,0 mg.dm-3 IBA. 40 roślin wysadzono do doniczek wypełnionych sterylną mieszanką glebową i poddano procesowi hartowania. Proces aklimatyzacji przeżyło 92,5% roślin.
Wpływ wybranych środków ochrony roślin na wzrost grzybów owadobójczych z rzędu owadomorkowców (Entomophthorales)
Authors: TKACZUK CEZARY , MAJCHROWSKA-SAFARYAN ANNA , ŚLEDŹ KATARZYNA 
Published: November 2021

Intensywne stosowanie pestycydów jest nadal najczęściej wybieraną metodą zwalczania agrofagów w uprawach rolniczych. Dotychczasowe wyniki badań wskazują, iż pestycydy mogą wywierać negatywny wpływ na rozwój, potencjał infekcyjny i przeżywalność grzybów entomopatogenicznych. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu wybranych środków ochrony roślin na wzrost grzybów owadobójczych z rzędu owadomorkowców (Entomophthorales). W warunkach laboratoryjnych zbadano wpływ fungicydów Amistar 250 SC i Miedzian 50 WP, insektycydów Karate Zeon 050 CS i Spintor 240 SC oraz herbicydów Roundup 360 SL i Leopard 05 EC, dodawanych do podłoża hodowlanego w różnych dawkach, na wzrost kolonii grzybów: Zoophthora radicans, Zoophthora ichneumonis i Conidiobolus coronatus. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż wzrost kolonii grzybów z rzędu Entomophthorales najsilniej hamowany był przez zastosowane fungicydy i herbicydy, natomiast insektycydy wykazywały stosunkowo najsłabsze toksyczne działanie w stosunku do badanych grzybów owadobójczych. Oba gatunki grzybów z rodzaju Zoophthora okazały się bardziej wrażliwe na toksyczne działanie pestycydów niż C. coronatus.
Effects of housing environment on oral absorption of acetaminophen in healthy Beagles
Authors: Madsen Melanie , Enomoto Hiroko , Messenger Kristen , Papich Mark G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of housing environment on oral absorption of acetaminophen in dogs.

ANIMALS
6 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES
Acetaminophen (325 mg, PO; mean dose, 31.1 mg/kg) was administered in a crossover study design with dogs housed in their normal environment or in a cage in an unfamiliar environment. There was a 7-day washout period between phases. Blood samples were collected for 24 hours following acetaminophen administration, and plasma acetaminophen concentrations were determined with high-pressure liquid chromatography.

RESULTS
A 2-compartment model with lag time was the best fit for both phases of the study. None of the primary or secondary pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly different between the 2 housing environments.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings suggested that in dogs, housing environment (normal environment vs a cage in an unfamiliar environment) did not significantly affect oral absorption and, by extension, gastric emptying of acetaminophen.
A Random Stroll Amongst Anthony Trollope's Lawyers
Authors: Fishman James J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anthony Trollope (1815–1882) resides in the pantheon of nineteenth century English literature. While working full time in his postal position until 1867, he still managed to publish 47 novels, travel books, biographies, short stories, collections of essays, and articles on various topics. Trollope has been described as the novelist of the ordinary for his realistic description of English society.
Law and legal issues flow through Trollope's fiction. The legal system held a special importance to him as the skeleton upholding the social and political framework of the country. Over one hundred lawyers appear in his work and eleven of his novels feature trials or hearings. The law intrigued and exasperated him. Along with the lawyers and legal issues he depicts are ideas of the law and legal system that are part of elaborate philosophical and jurisprudential traditions, which he recognized.
This article examines Trollope's changing attitude toward lawyers. It describes the structure of the Bar in terms of class, status and reputation. Trollope believed the legal system should ensure justice, and those who labored in the law should be the vehicle of that pursuit. Justice for Trollope was the meting out of rewards and punishments as the consequence of a right or wrong decision. However, the law, as he depicted it, was often an impediment to this process, and lawyers were unreliable guides.
Initially Trollope portrayed lawyers critically as caricatures as evinced by such names as Alwinde, O’Blather, Slow & Bideawhile, Haphazard, and Chaffanbrass. He was outraged that barristers (lawyers who appear in court) put loyalty to their clients ahead of the search for truth and justice. The adversary system was flawed as the enactment of laws in accord with the laws of nature assumes an inbuilt moral compass in humans that contains self-evident truths of right and wrong. Trollope felt there was no reason why a right-minded person could not intuitively recognize the truth, so criminal law's adversary system was unnecessary. The legal system sought not the discovery of the truth but was more interested in aiding the guilty defendant to escape punishment.
As he matured as a writer and achieved success, Trollope's understanding and appreciation of the legal profession changed. He met and become friends with leaders of the Bar, and they influenced his descriptions of lawyers, who became realistic and often admirable human beings. Beyond the legal problems of its characters, Trollope's later novels incorporated the social, political, and jurisprudential issues of the times and engaged the Victorian legal culture in a broader sense of history, traditions, continuity and change.
Natural law principles were challenged during the Victorian era by positivist notions that law is what the statute books say. These divisions lurk in the background of his later portraits of lawyers and the legal system. In his later period Trollope created a realistic characterization of the legal profession at the time that offered universal insights into human nature.
Synthetic alkaline-earth hydroxyapatites: Influence of their structural, textural, and morphological properties over Co2+ ion adsorption capacity
Authors: Granados-Correa Francisco , Bonifacio-Martínez Juan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work addresses the synthesis of nanocrystalline barium, strontium, and calcium hydroxyapatites (Ca-HAps) via the chemical precipitation method, followed by calcination. To give a coherent picture of the most important structural, textural, and morphological properties of these materials and to investigate the influence of these characteristics over Co2+ ion adsorption capacity from aqueous solutions, the powders prepared were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results clearly showed that the Ca-HAp obtained exhibits better nanocrystallinity, greater structural stability, high surface area, high total pore volume, and mesoporosity, compared with the other synthesized hydroxyapatites, and that these physicochemical properties share a direct correlation with favorable Co2+ ion adsorption capacity at room temperature and pressure. The results proved that the physicochemical features of resulting alkaline-earth hydroxyapatites, prepared via the chemical precipitation method, played a fundamental role during the adsorption of heavy metal (with high toxicity) from aqueous solutions.