bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bending of an Elastically Restrained Circular Plate Under Normal Loading Over a Sector
Authors: Bassali W. A. , Dawoud R. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The complex variable method is used to find the deflection, bending and twisting moments, and shearing forces at any point of a thin circular plate normally loaded over a sector and supported at its edge under a general boundary condition including the usual clamped and simply supported boundaries. In this way separate treatments for these two cases are avoided and a single treatment is available.
Natural Frequencies of Nonuniform Beams on Multiple Elastic Supports
Authors: Di Taranto R. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for the determination of the natural frequencies of nonuniform beams on two or more torsionally and linearly elastic supports, including the effect of rotary mass moment of inertia. The method employed is an extension of the Myklestad method. The cases of two supports with varied end conditions and three supports with a torsional and linear restraint at each support are formulated. It is indicated how this method may be used for problems concerning forced vibrations of beams on multiple elastic supports and for the determination of critical rotor speeds including gyroscopic effects.
Ring Damping of Free Surface Oscillations in a Circular Tank
Authors: Miles J. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A rough analysis of the effect of an annular ring on the sloshing oscillations of liquid in a cylindrical tank is carried out. The damping per cycle (logarithmic decrement) for moderate amplitudes is predicted as proportional to the square root of the amplitude and the three-halves power of the ring area. The corresponding force on the ring also is calculated.
Criterion for Flow of a Bingham Plastic Between Two Cylinders Loaded by Torque and Pressure Gradient
Authors: Paslay P. R. , Slibar A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The criterion for the initiation of flow of a Bingham material between two concentric circular cylinders is considered. An external torque and an axial pressure gradient are acting on the plastic. For three values of the ratio of outer to inner radii of the cylinders the solutions are presented graphically.
The End Problem of Cylinders
Authors: Horvay G. , Mirabal J. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When self-equilibrating rotationally symmetric normal and shear tractions sk(r), tk(r) act on an end face of a cylinder, stresses ensue which decay with distance from the loaded end as e−αk2, where αk is the real part of an eigenvalue parameter γk. The analysis is carried out in a variational approximation; the method is based on Sadowsky-Sternberg stress functions Φk(z, r) which are so modified as to identically satisfy the equilibrium equations. The factors Fk(r) of the functions Φk = Gk(z) Fk(r) or Φk = Hk(z)Fk(r) (k = 2, 4, 6, …) are polynomials of degree k + 2, which are orthogonal in a “generalized sense”; their appropriate derivatives constitute sk(r) and tk(r). The polynomials sk(r), tk(r), of degrees k and k + 1, respectively, form two complete sets of tractions in terms of which arbitrary rotationally symmetric self-equilibrating end tractions may be expanded. The factors Gk(z), Hk(z) of the stress functions Φk are exponentially decaying sinusoidals; Gk(z) is appropriate for the normal load problem, Hk(z) for the shear-load problem. The function Φ2 leads, for ν = 0.3, to the fundamental variational eigenvalue γ2 = 2.69 + i 1.34, as contrasted with the rigorous value γ2 = 2.72 + i 1.35.
Integrated health service delivery during COVID-19: a scoping review of published evidence from low-income and lower-middle-income countries
Authors: Hasan Md Zabir , Neill Rachel , Das Priyanka , Venugopal Vasuki , Arora Dinesh , Bishai David , Jain Nishant , Gupta Shivam 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIntegrated health service delivery (IHSD) is a promising approach to improve health system resilience. However, there is a lack of evidence specific to the low/lower-middle-income country (L-LMIC) health systems on how IHSD is used during disease outbreaks. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the emerging evidence on IHSD approaches adopted in L-LMIC during the COVID-19 pandemic and systematically collate their operational features.MethodsA systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, published in English between 1 December 2019 and 12 June 2020, from seven electronic databases was conducted to explore the evidence of IHSD implemented in L-LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were systematically charted, and key features of IHSD systems were presented according to the postulated research questions of the review.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 1487 published articles from which 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this review. Service delivery, health workforce, medicine and technologies were the three most frequently integrated health system building blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While responding to COVID-19, the L-LMICs principally implemented the IHSD system via systematic horizontal integration, led by specific policy measures. The government’s stewardship, along with the decentralised decision-making capacity of local institutions and multisectoral collaboration, was the critical facilitator for IHSD. Simultaneously, fragmented service delivery structures, fragile supply chain, inadequate diagnostic capacity and insufficient workforce were key barriers towards integration.ConclusionA wide array of context-specific IHSD approaches were operationalised in L-LMICs during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging recommendations emphasise the importance of coordination and integration across building blocks and levels of the health system, supported by a responsive governance structure and stakeholder engagement strategies. Future reviews can revisit this emerging evidence base at subsequent phases of COVID-19 response and recovery in L-LMICs to understand how the approaches highlighted here evolve.
Rapid realist review of the role of community pharmacy in the public health response to COVID-19
Authors: Maidment Ian , Young Emma , MacPhee Maura , Booth Andrew , Zaman Hadar , Breen Juanita , Hilton Andrea , Kelly Tony , Wong Geoff 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCommunity pharmacists and their teams have remained accessible to the public providing essential services despite immense pressures during the COVID-19 pandemic. They have successfully expanded the influenza vaccination programme and are now supporting the delivery of the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out.AimThis rapid realist review aims to understand how community pharmacy can most effectively deliver essential and advanced services, with a focus on vaccination, during the pandemic and in the future.MethodAn embryonic programme theory was generated using four diverse and complementary documents along with the expertise of the project team. Academic databases, preprint services and grey literature were searched and screened for documents meeting our inclusion criteria. The data were extracted from 103 documents to develop and refine a programme theory using a realist logic of analysis. Our analysis generated 13 context-mechanism-outcome configurations explaining when, why and how community pharmacy can support public health vaccination campaigns, maintain essential services during pandemics and capitalise on opportunities for expanded, sustainable public health service roles. The views of stakeholders including pharmacy users, pharmacists, pharmacy teams and other healthcare professionals were sought throughout to refine the 13 explanatory configurations.ResultsThe 13 context-mechanism-outcome configurations are organised according to decision makers, community pharmacy teams and community pharmacy users as key actors. Review findings include: supporting a clear role for community pharmacies in public health; clarifying pharmacists’ legal and professional liabilities; involving pharmacy teams in service specification design; providing suitable guidance, adequate compensation and resources; and leveraging accessible, convenient locations of community pharmacy.DiscussionCommunity pharmacy has been able to offer key services during the pandemic. Decision makers must endorse, articulate and support a clear public health role for community pharmacy. We provide key recommendations for decision makers to optimise such a role during these unprecedented times and in the future.
Peer advocacy and access to healthcare for people who are homeless in London, UK: a mixed method impact, economic and process evaluation protocol
Authors: Rathod Sujit D , Guise Andrew , Annand PJ , Hosseini Paniz , Williamson Elizabeth , Miners Alec , Bowgett Kate , Burrows Martin , Aldridge Robert W , Luchenski Serena , Menezes Dee , Story Alistair , Hayward Andrew , Platt Lucy 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPeople who are homeless experience higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. These outcomes are exacerbated by inequitable access to healthcare. Emerging evidence suggests a role for peer advocates—that is, trained volunteers with lived experience—to support people who are homeless to access healthcare.Methods and analysisWe plan to conduct a mixed methods evaluation to assess the effects (qualitative, cohort and economic studies); processes and contexts (qualitative study); fidelity; and acceptability and reach (process study) of Peer Advocacy on people who are homeless and on peers themselves in London, UK. People with lived experience of homelessness are partners in the design, execution, analysis and dissemination of the evaluation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for all study designs has been granted by the National Health Service London—Dulwich Research Ethics Committee (UK) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s Ethics Committee (UK). We plan to disseminate study progress and outputs via a website, conference presentations, community meetings and peer-reviewed journal articles.
Assessing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in international professional golf
Authors: Robinson Patrick G , Murray Andrew , Close Graeme , Kinane Denis F 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThere is no published data on the incidence or risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission when playing golf, a sport played outdoors where social distancing is possible. The purpose of this prospective study was to report incidence and transmission regarding SARS-CoV-2, of professional golfers competing on the PGA European Tour across 23 events in 11 countries.MethodsDaily symptom and temperature checks and weekly reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) screening were performed to determine potential carriage of SARS-CoV-2. Onset and type of symptomology were analysed. Gene expression and cycle thresholds (Cts) were reviewed for all positive cases. Repeat PCR testing was performed on all positive players. RT-PCR analysis included human housekeeping genes and various RNA genes specific for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 2900 RT-PCR tests performed on 195 professional golfers competing on the European Tour. Four players tested positive on-site during the study period (0.14% of tests; positive results were declared with Ct <40). Two positive tests were returned as part of routine protocols, while two reported a history of close contact with an individual who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were isolated and target tested. All were asymptomatic at time of testing, with three developing symptoms subsequently. None required hospital admission. There was no transmission from player to player.ConclusionGolf is an outdoor sport where social distancing is possible, meaning risks can be low if guidance is followed by participants. Risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be mitigated by highly accurate RT-PCR testing of participants and by setting up a safe bubble that includes testing players and support staff, as well as all persons coming into contact with them during the course of the tournament, for example, drivers and hotel staff. This report can also provide reassurance for participants and policy makers regarding community golf, which can be encouraged for the health benefits it provides, in a relatively low-risk environment, with minimal risk of transmission by observing sensible viral hygiene protocols.
Nothing about me without me: a scoping review of how illness experiences inform simulated participants’ encounters in health profession education
Authors: Ní Chianáin Linda , Fallis Richard , Johnston Jenny , McNaughton Nancy , Gormley Gerard 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPerson-centred simulation in health professions education requires involvement of the person with illness experience.ObjectiveTo investigated how real illness experiences inform simulated participants’ (SP) portrayals in simulation education using a scoping review to map literature.Study selectionArksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to search, select, chart and analyse data with the assistance of personal and public involvement. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. A final consultation exercise was conducted using results.Findings37 articles were within scope. Reporting and training of SPs are inconsistent. SPs were actors, volunteers or the person with the illness experience. Real illness experience was commonly drawn on in communication interactions. People with illness experience could be directly involved in various ways, such as through conversation with an SP, or indirectly, such as a recording of heart sounds. The impact on the learner was rarely considered.ConclusionAuthentic illness experiences help create meaningful person-centred simulation education. Patients and SPs may both require support when sharing or portraying illness experience. Patients’ voices profoundly enrich the educational contributions made by SPs.
Barriers and facilitators of peer support work in a large psychiatric hospital: a thematic analysis
Authors: Kuek Jonathan Han Loong , Chua Hong Choon , Poremski Daniel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPeer support workers are an important addition to the mental healthcare profession. However, much of the literature and knowledge of the peer support role is derived from western countries. This concept is relatively new in Asian countries.AimsThe study sought to improve the understanding of the barriers and facilitators of peer support work in a large psychiatric hospital in Singapore.MethodsThis study used qualitative data from a larger mixed-methods study. Thematic analysis was conducted based on the five steps recommended by Braun and Clarke (2006): (1) familiarisation of data whereby transcripts were read and reread, (2) generating initial codes, (3) searching for themes by gathering relevant codes, (4) reviewing themes and (5) defining and naming themes.ResultsFour subthemes under the broader notion of facilitators (supportive figures, defined role, opportunities for personal growth and identifying personalised coping strategies) and three subthemes under the concept of barriers (unclear role, hostility from non-peer-support-specialist staff and unsupportive working environments) were identified.ConclusionOur findings echoed those of previous studies conducted in western countries providing some evidences for the cross-cultural nature of these barriers and facilitators. However, the way their impact can be mitigated or enhanced is likely to be different owing to cultural barriers, such as the general consensus and acceptance of larger personal recovery ideologies. Further research is required in community settings to better understand the boundaries and limitations of our findings. This information will allow us to continue improving peer support worker integration in diverse mental healthcare settings.
Value of imaging detected joint inflammation in explaining fatigue in RA at diagnosis and during the disease course: a large MRI study
Authors: Matthijssen X M E , Wouters Fenne , Sidhu Navkiran , van der Helm - van Mil A H M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveFatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is hypothesised to be caused by inflammation. Still ~50% of the variance of fatigue in RA cannot be explained by the Disease Activity Score (DAS), nor by background or psychological factors. Since MRI can detect joint inflammation more sensitively than the clinical joint counts as incorporated in the DAS, we hypothesised that inflammation detected by MRI could aid in explaining fatigue in RA at diagnosis and during the follow-up.Methods526 consecutive patients with RA were followed longitudinally. Fatigue was assessed yearly on a Numerical Rating Scale. Hand and foot MRIs were performed at inclusion, after 12 and 24 months in 199 patients and were scored for inflammation (synovitis, tenosynovitis and osteitis combined). We studied whether patients with RA with more MRI-inflammation were more fatigued at diagnosis (linear regression), whether the 2-year course of MRI-inflammation associated with the course of fatigue (linear mixed models) and whether decrease in MRI-inflammation in year 1 associated with subsequent improvement in fatigue in year 2 (cross-lagged models). Similar analyses were done with DAS as inflammation measure.ResultsAt diagnosis, higher DAS scores were associated with more severe fatigue (p<0.001). However, patients with more MRI-inflammation were not more fatigued (p=0.94). During 2-year follow-up, DAS decrease associated with improvement in fatigue (p<0.001), but MRI-inflammation decrease did not (p=0.96). DAS decrease in year 1 associated with fatigue improvement in year 2 (p=0.012), as did MRI-inflammation decrease (p=0.039), with similar effect strength.ConclusionSensitive measurements of joint inflammation did not explain fatigue in RA at diagnosis and follow-up. This supports the concept that fatigue in RA is partly uncoupled from inflammation.
Current management of malignant bowel obstructions: a survey of acute care surgeons and surgical oncologists
Authors: Bleicher Josh , Lambert Laura A , Scaife Courtney L , Colonna Alexander 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMalignant small bowel obstructions (MSBOs) are one of the most challenging problems surgeons encounter, and evidence-based treatment recommendations are lacking. We hypothesized that current opinions on MSBO management differ between acute care surgeons (ACSs) and surgical oncologists (SOs).MethodsWe developed three case scenarios describing patients with previously treated cancer who developed an MSBO. Each case had five to six alternate scenarios, intended to capture the heterogeneity of MSBO presentations. Members of the Society of Surgical Oncology, the American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies, and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma were asked how likely they would be to offer surgical treatment in each scenario. Responses were analyzed for factors associated with the likelihood surgeons would offer surgical management.Results316 surgeons completed the survey: 119 (37.7%) SOs and 197 (62.3%) ACSs. Overall, SOs were nearly twice as likely as ACSs to recommend surgical management. The largest differences between provider groups were seen in patients with an increased metastatic burden. In a patient with MSBO with metastatic colon cancer, both SOs (95.8%) and ACSs (94.4%) were likely or very likely to offer an operation (p=0.587); however, this fell to 91.6% and 77.7%, respectively, when this patient had multiple hepatic metastases (p=0.001). All surgeons were less likely to offer surgery to patients with multiple sites of obstruction, recurrent MSBO, and shorter disease-free intervals.DiscussionOpinions on MSBO management differ based on surgeon training and experience. Multidisciplinary management of patients with MSBO should be offered when available and increased emphasis placed on determining optimal management guidelines across specialties.Level of evidenceLevel IV Epidemiologic.
Diffusion of CO2 in Magnesite under High Pressure and High Temperature from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Longxing , Zhuang Chunqiang , Yang Guangshu , Yi Li , Liu Hong , Sun Fengxia , Gu Xiaoyu , Wang Hanyu 
Published: June 2021

CO2 transports in the Earth’s interior play a crucial role in understanding the deep carbon cycle and the global climate changes. Currently, CO2 transports inside of the Earth under extreme condition of pressure and temperature have not been understood well. In this study, the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were performed to study CO2 transports under different CO2 pressures in slit-like magnesite pores with different pore sizes at 350~2500 K and 3~50 GPa are presented. Diffusion of CO2 in magnesite was improved as the temperature increases but showed the different features as a function of pressure. The diffusion coefficients of CO2 in magnesite were found in the range of

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. Magnesite with the pore size of 20~25 Å corresponds to the highest transports. Anisotropic diffusion of CO2 in magnesite may help to understand the inhomogeneous distribution of carbon in the upper mantle. The time of CO2 diffusion from the mantle to Earth surface was estimated to be around several tens of Ma and has an important effect on deep carbon cycle. The simulation of CO2 transports based on the Earth condition provides new insights to revealing the deep carbon cycle in the Earth’s interiors.
Breast-Specific Molecular Clocks Comprised ofELF5Expression and Promoter Methylation Identify Individuals Susceptible to Cancer Initiation
Authors: Miyano Masaru , Sayaman Rosalyn W. , Shalabi Sundus F. , Senapati Parijat , Lopez Jennifer C. , Angarola Brittany Lynn , Hinz Stefan , Zirbes Arrianna , Anczukow Olga , Yee Lisa D. , Sedrak Mina S. , Stampfer Martha R. , Seewaldt Victoria L. , LaBarge Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA robust breast cancer prevention strategy requires risk assessment biomarkers for early detection. We show that expression of ELF5, a transcription factor critical for normal mammary development, is downregulated in mammary luminal epithelia with age. DNA methylation of the ELF5 promoter is negatively correlated with expression in an age-dependent manner. Both ELF5 methylation and gene expression were used to build biological clocks to estimate chronological ages of mammary epithelia. ELF5 clock-based estimates of biological age in luminal epithelia from average-risk women were within three years of chronological age. Biological ages of breast epithelia from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, who were high risk for developing breast cancer, suggested they were accelerated by two decades relative to chronological age. The ELF5 DNA methylation clock had better performance at predicting biological age in luminal epithelial cells as compared with two other epigenetic clocks based on whole tissues. We propose that the changes in ELF5 expression or ELF5-proximal DNA methylation in luminal epithelia are emergent properties of at-risk breast tissue and constitute breast-specific biological clocks.Prevention Relevance:ELF5 expression or DNA methylation level at the ELF5 promoter region can be used as breast-specific biological clocks to identify women at higher than average risk of breast cancer.