bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of non-dicamba-resistant soybean (Glycine max) varieties to dicamba
Authors: Meyeres Tyler , Lancaster Sarah , Kumar Vipan , Roozeboom Kraig , Peterson Dallas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction and rapid adoption of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean led to an increase of postemergent applications of dicamba. This resulted in a widespread increase in nontarget dicamba injury to non-DR soybean in 2017. Field studies were conducted in Manhattan, KS, in 2018 and 2019 and in Ottawa, KS, in 2019 to investigate the injury and yield response of soybean varieties with varying herbicide-resistance traits and maturity groups when exposed to dicamba. Four varieties were tested: ‘Credenz 3841LL’ (glufosinate resistant), ‘Credenz 4748LL’ (glufosinate resistant), ‘Asgrow AG4135RR2Y’ (glyphosate resistant), and ‘Stine 40BA02’ (glyphosate and isoxaflutole resistant), abbreviated as CR3841, CR4748, AG4135, and ST40B, respectively. Soybeans were treated with 5.6 g ae ha−1 of dicamba at V3 and R1 stages. Percent soybean injury, soybean height, soybean yield and yield components, and injury to offspring were evaluated. Four weeks after treatment (WAT) at V3, the greatest injury was observed in AG4135 and ST40B. Dicamba application at R1 resulted in the greatest injury to ST40B both 4 WAT and at senescence. Minimal injury was observed in all varieties treated at V3 at senescence and yield loss was 5% or less. Dicamba application at R1 resulted in 19 to 34% yield loss, with the least yield loss in CR4748, and the greatest in ST40B. Varieties with greater injury at senescence generally yielded less than other varieties.
Junglerice control with glyphosate and clethodim as influenced by dicamba and 2,4-D mixtures
Authors: Perkins Clay M. , Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJunglerice has become a major weed in the mid-south and other areas of the United States. Glyphosate resistance has been documented in junglerice populations and is part of the reason for the increase in its prevalence. However, reduced junglerice control with glyphosate + dicamba and clethodim + dicamba mixtures has been observed in many production fields where glyphosate resistance has not yet evolved. Therefore, research was conducted to assess reduced junglerice control with glyphosate and clethodim when applied with dicamba. Adding dicamba to the spray tank with glyphosate reduced junglerice control by 27%. Adding dicamba to the spray tank with clethodim reduced junglerice control by 11%. The use of Turbo Teejet Induction (TTI) nozzles reduced junglerice control an additional 8% compared to applications with an air induction extended range (AIXR) nozzle. When a drift reduction agent (DRA) was added to dicamba mixtures with glyphosate or clethodim, junglerice control was reduced 36%. Junglerice control was similar with the glyphosate + dicamba treatment compared to the glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture. There was no interaction between nozzles and herbicide treatment. Regardless of herbicide treatment junglerice control was always lower when applied with the ultracourse TTI nozzle. Many applicators in Tennessee prefer to make one application of glyphosate + dicamba in a mixture to save time (authors’ personal experience). These results show that the addition of dicamba to glyphosate or clethodim applied with labeled nozzles and a DRA results in reduced junglerice control and should be avoided.
Interference and management of herbicide-resistant crop volunteers
Authors: Jhala Amit J. , Beckie Hugh J. , Peters Thomas J. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the commercialization of herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, primarily glyphosate-resistant crops, their adoption has increased rapidly. Multiple herbicide resistance traits in crops such as canola (Brassica napusL.), corn (Zea maysL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] have become available in recent years, and management of their volunteers needs attention to prevent interference and yield loss in rotational crops. The objectives of this review were to summarize HR crop traits in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.), canola, corn, cotton, rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybean, sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.), and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.); assess their potential for volunteerism; and review existing literature on the interference of HR crop volunteers, yield loss, and their management in rotational crops. HR crop volunteers are problem weeds in agronomic cropping systems, and the impact of volunteerism depends on several factors, such as crop grown in rotation, the density of volunteers, management practices, and microclimate. Interference of imidazolinone-resistant (IR) barley or wheat volunteers can be a problem in rotational crops, particularly when IR crops such as canola or wheat are grown. HR canola volunteers are abundant in the Northern Great Plains due to high fecundity, seed loss before or during harvest, and secondary seed dormancy, and they can interfere in crops grown in rotation such as flax (Linum usitatissimumL.), field peas (Pisum sativumL.), and soybean. HR corn volunteers are competitive in crops grown in rotation such as corn, cotton, soybean, and sugarbeet, with yield loss depending on the density of HR corn volunteers. Volunteers of HR cotton, rice, soybean, and sugarbeet are not major concerns and can be controlled with existing herbicides. Herbicide options would be limited if the crop volunteers are multiple HR; therefore, recording the cultivar planted the previous year and selecting the appropriate herbicide are important. The increasing use of 2,4-D, dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate in North American cropping systems requires research on herbicide interactions and alternative herbicides or methods for controlling multiple HR crop volunteers.
Lernverlaufsdiagnostik im Rechtschreibunterricht der Grundschule
Authors: Blumenthal Stefan , Sikora Simon , Mahlau Kathrin 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung. Aktuelle Studien zeigen eine besorgniserregende Situation zu rechtschriftlichen Leistungen von Kindern. Eine Möglichkeit, um rechtschriftliche Minderleistungen im inklusiven Unterricht schnell zu erfassen und systematisch die Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Interventionen zu überprüfen, stellen Verfahren zur Lernverlaufsdiagnostik dar. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Lernverlaufsdiagnostik im Bereich Rechtschreibung vorgestellt, die Erarbeitung des dafür notwendigen Wordpools beschrieben und umfassend seine psychometrische Güte geprüft. Die notwendigen Daten wurden längsschnittlich innerhalb von 2 Schuljahren erhoben. Insgesamt konnten die Ergebnisse von 2 888 Kindern erster bis vierter Klassen aus 28 Schulen berücksichtigt werden. Um Aussagen über die Itemkennwerte treffen zu können, wurde ein eindimensionales Raschmodell über alle Klassenstufen und Messzeitpunkte berechnet. Anschließend wurden Itemparameter sowie Personenkennwerte für die jeweiligen Messzeitpunkte geschätzt. Zur Einschätzung der Güte der Verfahren wurden darüber hinaus Reliabilitäts- sowie Validitätskoeffizienten berechnet. Neben der psychometrischen Eignung wird abschließend auch die schulpraktische Relevanz des Verfahrens diskutiert.
Längsschnittliche Messung numerischer Kompetenzen von Kindergartenkindern
Authors: Geeler Susanne Kuratli , Grob Urs , Heinze Aiso , Leuchter Miriam , Lindmeier Anke , Vogt Franziska , Opitz Elisabeth Moser 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung. Wird ein Instrument für längsschnittliche Messungen eingesetzt, muss es zusätzlich zu üblichen messtheoretischen Anforderungen die Voraussetzung zeitbezogener Messinvarianz erfüllen. Dies ist für die Erfassung numerischer Kompetenzen im Kindergartenalter aufgrund des hohen Entwicklungstempos herausfordernd. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist, anhand einer Stichprobe von 894 Kindergartenkindern aus der Schweiz ( n = 523) und Deutschland ( n = 371) zu untersuchen, ob auf Grundlage des TEDI-MATH-Itempools die Entwicklung numerischer Kompetenzen von Kindergartenkindern reliabel und unverzerrt erfassbar ist. In einer Skalierung mittels des Raschmodells erwies sich das Instrument nach Ausschluss von 17 Items mit zeitbezogenen differenziellen Itemfunktionen (DIF) als überzeitlich reliabel. Eine anschließende CFA zeigte jedoch auf, dass die faktorielle Struktur zwar theoriekonform, über die Zeit jedoch nicht vollständig strukturstabil war. Zudem wies das gekürzte Instrument DIF auf Ebene der Länderteilstichproben auf: Diese Unterschiede könnten durch unterschiedliche Kindergarten-Förderkonzepte in den Ländern bedingt sein, was bereits für das Kindergartenalter die Frage der Kontextabhängigkeit von Leistungsmessungen aufwirft.
In norming we trust
Authors: Gary Sebastian , Lenhard Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der Untersuchung war ein systematischer Vergleich verschiedener Verfahren zur Normdatenmodellierung. Der auf Taylor-Polynomen basierende semi-parametrische Normierungsansatz (SPCN) mittels cNORM ( Lenhard, Lenhard & Gary, 2018 ) wurde parametrischen Anpassungen basierend auf Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS; Stasinopoulos et al., 2018 ) gegenübergestellt und die Normierungsgüte in Abhängigkeit der Faktoren Normstichprobengröße ( n = 525, 700, 1 050, 1 750), Itemanzahl (i = 10, 20, 40) sowie Itemschwierigkeit analysiert. Die Modellierung erfolgte kreuzvalidiert auf der Basis simulierter Rohdaten von Normierungs- und Validierungsstichproben: Mittels der verschiedenen Verfahren wurden auf der Basis der Normierungsstichprobe statistische Modelle berechnet und auf die Validierungsstichprobe übertragen, um die jeweils vorhergesagten mit den tatsächlichen Normwerten zu vergleichen. Der semi-parametrische Ansatz lieferte in den meisten Fällen den geringsten Normierungsfehler und damit das beste Normierungsergebnis. Die deutlichsten Unterschiede fanden sich bei leichten bzw. schweren Testskalen in Verbindung mit einer kleinen Itemanzahl. Der Einfluss der Normstichprobengröße war bei allen Methoden vergleichbar.
Autophagy regulation by acetylation—implications for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Son Sung Min , Park So Jung , Fernandez-Estevez Marian , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPosttranslational modifications of proteins, such as acetylation, are essential for the regulation of diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, development and aging. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that involves the highly regulated sequestration of intracytoplasmic contents in double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which are subsequently degraded after fusing with lysosomes. The roles and mechanisms of acetylation in autophagy control have emerged only in the last few years. In this review, we describe key molecular mechanisms by which previously identified acetyltransferases and deacetylases regulate autophagy. We highlight how p300 acetyltransferase controls mTORC1 activity to regulate autophagy under starvation and refeeding conditions in many cell types. Finally, we discuss how altered acetylation may impact various neurodegenerative diseases in which many of the causative proteins are autophagy substrates. These studies highlight some of the complexities that may need to be considered by anyone aiming to perturb acetylation under these conditions.
Decoding the temporal nature of brain GR activity in the NFκB signal transition leading to depressive-like behavior
Authors: Han Young-Min , Kim Min Sun , Jo Juyeong , Shin Daiha , Kwon Seung-Hae , SEO Jong Bok , Kang Dongmin , Lee Byoung Dae , Ryu Hoon , Hwang Eun Mi , Kim Jae-Min , Patel Paresh D. , Lyons David M. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Her Song 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fine-tuning of neuroinflammation is crucial for brain homeostasis as well as its immune response. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-κ-B (NFκB) is a key inflammatory player that is antagonized via anti-inflammatory actions exerted by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, technical limitations have restricted our understanding of how GR is involved in the dynamics of NFκB in vivo. In this study, we used an improved lentiviral-based reporter to elucidate the time course of NFκB and GR activities during behavioral changes from sickness to depression induced by a systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. The trajectory of NFκB activity established a behavioral basis for the NFκB signal transition involved in three phases, sickness-early-phase, normal-middle-phase, and depressive-like-late-phase. The temporal shift in brain GR activity was differentially involved in the transition of NFκB signals during the normal and depressive-like phases. The middle-phase GR effectively inhibited NFκB in a glucocorticoid-dependent manner, but the late-phase GR had no inhibitory action. Furthermore, we revealed the cryptic role of basal GR activity in the early NFκB signal transition, as evidenced by the fact that blocking GR activity with RU486 led to early depressive-like episodes through the emergence of the brain NFκB activity. These results highlight the inhibitory action of GR on NFκB by the basal and activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis during body-to-brain inflammatory spread, providing clues about molecular mechanisms underlying systemic inflammation caused by such as COVID-19 infection, leading to depression.
The HSP GRP94 interacts with macrophage intracellular complement C3 and impacts M2 profile during ER stress
Authors: Chaumonnot Killian , Masson Sophie , Sikner Hugo , Bouchard Alexanne , Baverel Valentin , Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Kohli Evelyne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of GRP94, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, has not been investigated in macrophages during ER stress, whereas ER stress has been reported in many diseases involving macrophages. In this work, we studied GRP94 in M1/LPS + IFNγ and M2/IL-4 primary macrophages derived from human monocytes (isolated from buffy coats), in basal and ER stress conditions induced by thapsigargin (Tg), an inducer of ER calcium depletion and tunicamycin (Tm), an inhibitor of N-glycosylation. We found that GRP94 was expressed on the membrane of M2 but not M1 macrophages. In M2, Tg, but not Tm, while decreased GRP94 content in the membrane, it induced its secretion. This correlated with the induction of a pro-inflammatory profile, which was dependent on the UPR IRE1α arm activation and on a functional GRP94. As we previously reported that GRP94 associated with complement C3 at the extracellular level, we analyzed C3 and confirmed GRP94-C3 interaction in our experimental model. Further, Tg increased this interaction and, in these conditions, C3b and cathepsin L were detected in the extracellular medium where GRP94 co-immunoprecipitated with C3 and C3b. Finally, we showed that the C3b inactivated fragment, iC3b, only present on non-stressed M2, depended on functional GRP94, making both GRP94 and iC3b potential markers of M2 cells. In conclusion, our results show that GRP94 is co-secreted with C3 under ER stress conditions which may facilitate its cleavage by cathepsin L, thus contributing to the pro-inflammatory profile observed in stressed M2 macrophages.
Role and dynamics of vacuolar pH during cell-in-cell mediated death
Authors: Su Yan , Ren He , Tang Meng , Zheng You , Zhang Bo , Wang Chenxi , Hou Xinyu , Niu Zubiao , Wang Zhongyi , Gao Xiaoyan , Gao Lihua , Jiang Hong , Chen Zhaolie , Luo Tianzhi , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe nonautonomous cell death by entosis was mediated by the so-called cell-in-cell structures, which were believed to kill the internalized cells by a mechanism dependent on acidified lysosomes. However, the precise values and roles of pH critical for the death of the internalized cells remained undetermined yet. We creatively employed keima, a fluorescent protein that displays different excitation spectra in responding to pH changes, to monitor the pH dynamics of the entotic vacuoles during cell-in-cell mediated death. We found that different cells varied in their basal intracellular pH, and the pH was relatively stable for entotic vacuoles containing live cells, but sharply dropped to a narrow range along with the inner cell death. In contrast, the lipidation of entotic vacuoles by LC3 displayed previously underappreciated complex patterns associated with entotic and apoptotic death, respectively. The pH decline seemed to play distinct roles in the two types of inner cell deaths, where apoptosis is preceded with moderate pH decline while a profound pH decline is likely to be determinate for entotic death. Whereas the cancer cells seemed to be lesser tolerant to acidified environments than noncancerous cells, manipulating vacuolar pH could effectively control inner cell fates and switch the ways whereby inner cell die. Together, this study demonstrated for the first time the pH dynamics of entotic vacuoles that dictate the fates of internalized cells, providing a rationale for tuning cellular pH as a potential way to treat cell-in-cell associated diseases such as cancer.
CSN6 promotes melanoma proliferation and metastasis by controlling the UBR5-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Hou Jianbing , Shi Shaomin , Du Juan , Liu Yudong , Huang Pan , Li Qian , Liu Lichao , Hu Huanrong , Ji Yacong , Guo Leiyang , Shi Yaqiong , Liu Yaling , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a critical subunit of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), CSN6 is upregulated in some human cancers and plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression, but its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in melanoma remain unknown. Our study showed that CSN6 expression was upregulated in melanoma patients and cells, and correlated with poor survival in melanoma patients. In melanoma cells, CSN6 knockdown remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion, whereas CSN6 recovery rescued the proliferative and metastatic abilities. Notably, we identified that CSN6 stabilized CDK9 expression by reducing CDK9 ubiquitination levels, thereby activating CDK9-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, our study described a novel CSN6-interacting E3 ligase UBR5, which was negatively regulated by CSN6 and could regulate the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9 in melanoma cells. Furthermore, in CSN6-knockdown melanoma cells, UBR5 knockdown abrogated the effects caused by CSN6 silencing, suggesting that CSN6 activates the UBR5/CDK9 pathway to promote melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Thus, this study illustrates the mechanism by which the CSN6-UBR5-CDK9 axis promotes melanoma development, and demonstrate that CSN6 may be a potential biomarker and anticancer target in melanoma.
The Hippo pathway component Wwc2 is a key regulator of embryonic development and angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Hermann Anke , Wu Guangming , Nedvetsky Pavel I. , Brücher Viktoria C. , Egbring Charlotte , Bonse Jakob , Höffken Verena , Wennmann Dirk Oliver , Marks Matthias , Krahn Michael P. , Schöler Hans , Heiduschka Peter , Pavenstädt Hermann , Kremerskothen Joachim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe WW-and-C2-domain-containing (WWC) protein family is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and organ growth control. As upstream components of the Hippo signaling pathway, WWC proteins activate the Large tumor suppressor (LATS) kinase that in turn phosphorylates Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog Transcriptional coactivator-with-PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) preventing their nuclear import and transcriptional activity. Inhibition of WWC expression leads to downregulation of the Hippo pathway, increased expression of YAP/TAZ target genes and enhanced organ growth. In mice, a ubiquitous Wwc1 knockout (KO) induces a mild neurological phenotype with no impact on embryogenesis or organ growth. In contrast, we could show here that ubiquitous deletion of Wwc2 in mice leads to early embryonic lethality. Wwc2 KO embryos display growth retardation, a disturbed placenta development, impaired vascularization, and finally embryonic death. A whole-transcriptome analysis of embryos lacking Wwc2 revealed a massive deregulation of gene expression with impact on cell fate determination, cell metabolism, and angiogenesis. Consequently, a perinatal, endothelial-specific Wwc2 KO in mice led to disturbed vessel formation and vascular hypersprouting in the retina. In summary, our data elucidate a novel role for Wwc2 as a key regulator in early embryonic development and sprouting angiogenesis in mice.
Systematic evaluation of IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived peptides for monitoring COVID-19 patients
Authors: Li Yang , Lai Dan-yun , Lei Qing , Xu Zhao-wei , Wang Feng , Hou Hongyan , Chen Lingyun , Wu Jiaoxiang , Ren Yan , Ma Ming-liang , Zhang Bo , Chen Hong , Yu Caizheng , Xue Jun-biao , Zheng Yun-xiao , Wang Xue-ning , Jiang He-wei , Zhang Hai-nan , Qi Huan , Guo Shu-juan , Zhang Yandi , Lin Xiaosong , Yao Zongjie , Pang Pengfei , Shi Dawei , Wang Wei , Yang Xiao , Zhou Jie , Sheng Huiming , Sun Ziyong , Shan Hong , Fan Xionglin , Tao Sheng-ce 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSerological tests play an essential role in monitoring and combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Recombinant spike protein (S protein), especially the S1 protein, is one of the major reagents used for serological tests. However, the high cost of S protein production and possible cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses pose unavoidable challenges. By taking advantage of a peptide microarray with full spike protein coverage, we analyzed 2,434 sera from 858 COVID-19 patients, 63 asymptomatic patients and 610 controls collected from multiple clinical centers. Based on the results, we identified several S protein-derived 12-mer peptides that have high diagnostic performance. In particular, for monitoring the IgG response, one peptide (aa 1148–1159 or S2–78) exhibited a sensitivity (95.5%, 95% CI 93.7–96.9%) and specificity (96.7%, 95% CI 94.8–98.0%) comparable to those of the S1 protein for the detection of both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of the S2–78 (aa 1148–1159) IgG was successfully validated by ELISA in an independent sample cohort. A panel of four peptides, S1–93 (aa 553–564), S1–97 (aa 577–588), S1–101 (aa 601–612) and S1–105 (aa 625–636), that likely will avoid potential cross-reactivity with sera from patients infected by other coronaviruses was constructed. The peptides identified in this study may be applied independently or in combination with the S1 protein for accurate, affordable, and accessible COVID-19 diagnosis.