bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of biological agents on soil microbiology, enzyme activity and fruit quality of kiwifruit with root rot
Authors: Ku Yongli , Xu Guoyi , Su Shaoxin , Cao Cuiling 
Published: November 2021

Context Root rot is common for kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. diliciosa) plants. It is not easily controlled by chemical methods, and biological agents are an alternative. Aims This study investigated the effects of biological agents on the activity and diversity of soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and physicochemical indices during the growth period of kiwifruit plants. Methods There were four treatments: (1) root-rot plants applied with traditional fertiliser (RP); (2) root-rot plants applied with biological agents CY (CY); (3) root-rot plants applied with biological agents CL (CL); and (4) healthy plants with traditional fertiliser (HP). Most samples were taken during the growth period of kiwifruit plants, while activities of defensive-related enzymes and quality of kiwifruits were tested in the fructescence period. Key results CY and CL treatments significantly improved microbial activity, changed microbial structure, increased the diversity, richness and uniformity of microbial species, and altered the relative utilisation ratio of six carbon sources. Soil nutrients of kiwifruit plants with root rot improved with CY and CL compared to RP. Health of kiwifruit plants with CY and CL also improved compared to RP. Activities of defensive-related enzymes in CY and CL treatments were significantly higher than in RP treatment (P < 0.05). Fruit quality indices were also higher than RP. Conclusions CY and CL changed the microbial communities in soil, and improved soil nutrients and plant health. Implications By altering the soil microbial structure, biological agents used to control root rot in kiwifruit plants improved tree health and fruit quality, and provide an alternative to chemical control of root rot.
Acquisition of clitic climbing by European Portuguese children
Authors: Lobo Maria , Vitorino Inês 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the acquisition of clitic climbing by European Portuguese speaking children considering spontaneous production data from three children aged 1;5 to 3;11 (Santos’ corpus: Santos et al., 2014) and data from an elicited production task administered to 64 children aged 5;2 to 8;2. The study shows that: clitic climbing is acquired early, as expected for a parametric property that is dependent on the specification of the functional domain; there is early sensitivity to properties of the adult grammar, although children take a while to determine which specific verbs allow or disallow clitic climbing. In optional contexts younger children prefer clitic climbing constructions over non-climbing constructions. We discuss these results in light of the notion of complexity in language development.
Can explicit instruction help L2 learners overcome persistent L1 interference?
Authors: Teixeira Joana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present work investigates whether free inversion is difficult to eliminate from the L2 English grammars of L1 speakers of a null subject Romance language, European Portuguese (EP), and whether L1 interference can be overcome as a result of explicit instruction. The work comprises two interrelated studies: a study on subject placement in L2 English, which was conducted with advanced and near-native learners, using timed and untimed tasks, and a teaching intervention study, which was conducted with intermediate and advanced learners, using a pre-test/post-test design. Results reveal that, typically, free inversion is only fully eliminated from L1 EP – L2 English grammars at a near-native level and that instruction can help learners overcome L1 interference, but its effectiveness depends on learners’ proficiency level.
A register approach toward pop lyrics in EFL education
Authors: Werner Valentin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The language-educational literature seems to agree on the conversational nature of pop lyrics. Thus, they
have been advocated as an authentic, easily accessible and highly motivating resource for EFL learning, especially suitable to
introduce conversational features. The present study re-assesses the alleged conversationality of lyrics, which to date has
been implicitly assumed rather than empirically tested. It relies on a purpose-built pop lyrics corpus and applies
Multidimensional Analysis (MDA) to situate them relatively to other spoken and written registers. The MDA indicates that
lyrics constitute a specialized register, aligning with both spoken and written registers. This implies that rather than
merely representing a convenient EFL resource for the illustration of spoken features, lyrics should be analysed both in their
own right and in contrast to other registers, opening avenues for addressing broader issues such as register and language
awareness.
Estimate the spectrum of affine dynamical systems from partial observations of a single trajectory data
Authors: Cheng Jiahui , Tang Sui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the nonlinear inverse problem of estimating the spectrum of a system matrix, that drives a finite-dimensional affine dynamical system, from partial observations of a single trajectory data. In the noiseless case, we prove an annihilating polynomial of the system matrix, whose roots are a subset of the spectrum, can be uniquely determined from data. We then study which eigenvalues of the system matrix can be recovered and derive various sufficient and necessary conditions to characterize the relationship between the recoverability of each eigenvalue and the observation locations. We propose various reconstruction algorithms with theoretical guarantees, generalizing the classical Prony method, ESPRIT, and matrix pencil method. We test the algorithms over a variety of examples with applications to graph signal processing, disease modeling and a real-human motion dataset. The numerical results validate our theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Degradation mechanism analysis for SiC power MOSFETs under repetitive power cycling stress
Authors: Rao Yunliang , Chen Yuan , He Zhiyuan , Chen Yiqiang , Liu Chang , Xu Xinbing , Liu Yang , Lu Guoguang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, investigation on the degradation behavior of 1.2 kV/52 A silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs subjected to repetitive slow power cycling stress has been performed. Electric characteristics have been characterized periodically over the stress and the respective degradation mechanisms have also been analyzed. A comprehensive degradation analysis is further conducted after the aging test by virtue of the x-ray inspection system, scanning acoustic microscope, scanning electron microscope, emission microscope, etc. Experimental results reveal that both the degradation of the gate oxide on the chip-level and the degradation of the bond wire and solder layer on the package-level have emerged over the cyclic stress. Specifically, growths of threshold voltage (V
th) and gate leakage current (I
gss) are thought to be relevant with the degradation of gate oxide by SiC/SiO2 interface states trapping/de-trapping electrons on the chip-level, while the appearance of fatigue in the bond wire and the delamination of the solder layer imply the degradation on the package-level. This work may provide some practical guidelines for assessments of the reliability of SiC power MOSFETs in power conversion systems.
Revisiting the theory of positive glow corona with a comprehensive kinetic scheme
Authors: Xiao Mian , Liu Lipeng , He Hengxin , Luo Bin , Che Junru , He Junjia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The theory of positive glow corona is revisited by performing a detailed simulation based on the fluid model with a comprehensive kinetic scheme (CKS). The kinetic scheme includes 28 species, 127 chemical reactions for N2/O2 mixture. The simulation results are compared with that from an averaged kinetic scheme (AKS) which considers only five species and seven reactions. The two models give similar predictions in terms of discharge current. However, several differences in details of the results bring new physical insights to the theory of positive glow corona. It is shown that, the model with the AKS underestimates the detachment effect that plays an important role in positive glow corona discharge. Moreover, the wave-front of the current pulse calculated by the model with the CKS has a smaller steepness, a lower peak-to-peak value, and a longer rise time. These results are in better agreement with the experimental measurement reported in the literature. It is also found that the positive space charge of glow corona is dominated by O2
+ in the ionization layer and by O4
+ in the drift region far away from the anode. Negative ions are produced in the ionization layer close to the anode and the main species are O− and O3
−.
Tunable and enhanced performance of graphene-assisted plasmonic sensor with photonic spin Hall effect in near infrared: analysis founded on graphene’s chemical potential and components of light polarization
Authors: Prajapati Yogendra Kumar , Maurya J B , Sharma Anuj K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a graphene-assisted plasmonic structure with photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) for sensing applications in near infrared with an emphasis on tunable and spin control aspects leading to enhanced performance. We comprehensively investigate PSHE in view of variable chemical doping of graphene monolayer in the structure and manipulation of the spin dependent splitting by considering single and cross polarization states. There is observed a considerable variation in spin shift due to increase in chemical potential or Pauli blocking, which fundamentally controls the light absorption by graphene. Our simulation results reveal that the amplified spin dependent shift (SDS) is 1.13 × 104 times higher than the conventional SDS at 0.436 eV of graphene chemical potential. Further, this structure is utilised for sensing application, and it is observed that graphene-assisted plasmonic based structure possesses significantly greater spin dependent sensitivity (5.53 times), figure of merit (8.56 × 105 times), and extremely finer limit of detection (by a factor of 18.10) are achieved compared to the structure without graphene. The results indicate that choosing the proposed graphene-assisted plasmonic structure with variable chemical potential and light polarization components, an extremely enhanced sensing performance can be achieved. The results are consistent with the physical rationale and are particularly important for potential biosensing applications.
Neural network potential for Zr–Rh system by machine learning
Authors: Xie Kun , Qiao Chong , Shen Hong , Yang Riyi , Xu Ming , Zhang Chao , Zheng Yuxiang , Zhang Rongjun , Chen Liangyao , Ho Kai-Ming , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Wang Songyou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Zr–Rh metallic glass has enabled its many applications in vehicle parts, sports equipment and so on due to its outstanding performance in mechanical property, but the knowledge of the microstructure determining the superb mechanical property remains yet insufficient. Here, we develop a deep neural network potential of Zr–Rh system by using machine learning, which breaks the dilemma between the accuracy and efficiency in molecular dynamics simulations, and greatly improves the simulation scale in both space and time. The results show that the structural features obtained from the neural network method are in good agreement with the cases in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we build a large model of 5400 atoms to explore the influences of simulated size and cooling rate on the melt-quenching process of Zr77Rh23. Our study lays a foundation for exploring the complex structures in amorphous Zr77Rh23, which is of great significance for the design and practical application.
In-motion initial alignment method for a laser Doppler velocimeter-aided strapdown inertial navigation system based on an adaptive unscented quaternion H-infinite filter
Authors: Xiang Zhiyi , Wang Qi , Huang Rong , Xi Chongbin , Nie Xiaoming , Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With its advantages of high velocity measurement accuracy and fast dynamic response, the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDVs) is expected to replace the odometer (OD) in combination with a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) to give a higher-precision integrated navigation system. Since a LDV has higher velocity measurement accuracy and data update frequency than an OD and Doppler velocity log, a LDV is used for the first time in this paper to aid a SINS in in-motion alignment. Considering that some approximation is used in the alignment model, the uncertainty noise of the sensors during the motion process and the unknown noise parameters during the filter process, an adaptive unscented quaternion H-infinite estimator (AUSQUHE) is proposed. The proposed AUSQUHE method has high robustness since it combines the advantages of an unscented quaternion estimator and H-infinite filter. The adaptive threshold of the H-infinite filter and the adaptive measurement noise covariance matrix are introduced to make the filter adapt to the changing environment and accelerate the convergence of errors. The performance of the proposed method is verified by a vehicle field test with a normal LDV signal and a vehicle test with the LDV signal disturbed by noise. The results show that the proposed method has higher alignment accuracy, faster convergence speed and stronger robustness than the four other compared methods.
Bearing fault diagnosis by combining a deep residual shrinkage network and bidirectional LSTM
Authors: Tong Yizhi , Wu Ping , He Jiajun , Zhang Xujie , Zhao Xinlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBearings are indispensable and key components in rotating machinery. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery, bearing fault diagnosis plays a crucial role. To explore the spatial and temporal information in vibration signals, a novel bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed by combining a deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network in this study. Firstly, a DRSN is employed to extract the spatial features from noise-related vibration signals. Then, a Bi-LSTM network is adopted to further address the long-term dependencies problem in vibration signals, where the temporal information is exploited. By integrating DRSN and Bi-LSTM, the spatial and temporal information of vibration signals is fully extracted. Finally, a fully connected layer with Softmax is used to offer the diagnostic results. Experimental results using two case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparison with other state-of-the-art methods.
New refined analytical models for various bonding conditions of an adhesively bonded smart PZT transducer using the EMI technique
Authors: Parpe Aditya , Saravanan T Jothi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has emerged as a cost-effective and non-destructive technique to detect the possible damages in the structure using a piezoelectric transducer, especially, lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The adhesive bond layer plays an important role in the PZT patch-host structure interaction for monitoring structural damage. Two bonding conditions are investigated in this research paper. Primarily, the debonding phenomenon of the adhesive bond layer may misinterpret the EMI response on the damage caused in structure. Subsequently, the investigation included the protective layer at the top of the PZT transducer to avoid sensor degradation. However, the analytical models developed so far have not considered a protective layer at the top of the PZT transducer. This paper presents the novel two-dimensional (2D) analytical model for incorporating debonding concepts and the new refined 2D analytical model to include a protective layer in the study of surface-bonded PZT transducers. The proposed analytical models are verified with the experimental studies. The experimental and analytical results show good agreement, which confirms the effectiveness of the new models. This paper also incorporated the effect of each bonding condition for monitoring structural damage by implementing the EMI technique. For the simulation, the numerical investigations on the PZT transducer bonded on the metallic (aluminum and steel) and concrete blocks are performed using coupled field analysis through finite element (FE) modeling. It is found that each bonding condition has influenced the resulting signatures. The signatures obtained from developed theoretical models and numerical simulations using three-dimensional FE models for each bonding condition are compared to highlight the influence on structural damage detection. The trend of signatures is found to be matching satisfactory. Several parametric studies have been conducted to show the efficacy of the new refined model with a protective layer. It considers the different input properties of an adhesive layer, host structure, and temperature conditions. The influence of debonding of the protective layer is also studied, and the obtained results support the need for a protective layer in the models.
Electromechanical feedback control of nanoscale superflow
Authors: Varga E , Davis J P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superfluid 4He is a promising material for optomechanical and electromechanical applications due to its low acoustic loss. Some of the more intriguing aspects of superfluidity—the macroscopic coherence, topological nature of vorticity, and capability of supporting non-classical flows—remain, however, poorly explored resources in opto- and electro-mechanical systems. Here, we present an electromechanical coupling to pure superflow inside a nanofluidic Helmholtz resonator with viscously clamped normal fluid. The system is capable of simultaneous measurement of displacement and velocity of the Helmholtz mechanical mode weakly driven by incoherent environmental noise. Additionally, we implement feedback capable of inducing self-oscillation of the non-classical acoustic mode, damping the motion below the ambient level, and tuning of the mode frequency.
North Celestial Region Observed with 21 CentiMeter Array
Authors: Zhao Bi-Xuan , Zheng Qian , Shan Huan-Yuan , Guo Quan , Li Kuan-Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The 21 CentiMeter Array (21CMA) is a radio interferometer in western China. The key science objective of 21CMA is statistically measuring the redshifted H i 21 cm signal of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). In order to achieve this, a catalog of radio sources is necessary for both calibration and foreground removal. In this work, we present a catalog of 832 radio sources within a radius of 5° around the North Celestial Pole region observed with 21CMA. Three days of data taken in 2013 are used in the analysis, with a frequency coverage from 75 to 200 MHz and an angular resolution of about two arcminutes at 200 MHz. Flux densities and estimated spectral indices of the radio sources are provided in the source catalog. For simplicity, only the east–west baseline is used for the observations to avoid the so-called w − term in the data analysis. The longest baseline along the east–west direction is 2780 m. Comparing our source counts with other radio observations, we find a good agreement with the observations made with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and Murchison Widefield Array. Our data reduction is still limited by grating lobes of very bright sources in the field due to the redundant configuration of 21CMA. We note that understanding the properties of radio sources, and modeling and removing the radio sources are challenges for the EoR experiments.
Specifics of using multifrequency pumping to register CPT resonances
Authors: Savinov K N , Dmitriev A K , Krivetskii A V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen pumped by a diode laser, the injection current of which is modulated simultaneously by microwave and HF signals, CPT resonances are recorded in absorption, spaced from each other by an amount equal to half of the HF modulation frequency.
Method for stabilization of the microwave modulation index in order to suppress the light shift of the coherent population trapping resonances
Authors: Yudin V I , Yu Basalaev M , Taichenachev A V , Radnatarov D A , Andryushkov V A , Kobtsev S M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For the resonance of coherent population trapping (CPT), we show that in the case of a spatially inhomogeneous light shift (for example, due to the Gaussian transversal profile of the light beam intensity), the zero position of the error signal, formed by the use of phase-jump technique, depends on the integration time of the spectroscopic signal. Basing on this effect, we propose two-loop method to stabilize the microwave power at the point where the light shift vanishes.
Light shifts in the rubidium CPT atomic clock with laser current modulation at 3.4 and 6.8 GHz
Authors: Ignatovich S M , Mesenzova I S , Skvortsov M N , Kvashnin N L , Vishnyakov V I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the paper presents results of an experimental comparison of the CPT parameters of the resonance at the D1 line in 87Rb when the laser current is modulated at frequencies 3.4 GHz and 6.8 GHz. Resonances are investigated for slope to noise ratio (Q-factor) and shifts from the microwave power. The reproducibility of the parameters of VCSEL lasers required to obtain long-term stability of an atomic clock is considered. The obtained CPT instabilities of the atomic clock for 1 second were 1.2·10−11 for the case of 3.4 GHz and 4·10−12 for 6.8 GHz.
Detection of THz waves in GaSe:S crystals by femtosecond laser radiation with a telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm
Authors: Shevchenko O N , Nikolaev N A , Kokh K A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study Ga50%Se50-x%Sx crystals (where x = 0, 1.5, 6, 8, 11) as an electrooptic detector of terahertz pulses using probing femtosecond laser radiation with the wavelength of 1.55 μm. It was found that the sample with x = 6 provides the highest detection efficiency. The efficient value of the electrooptic coefficient of GaSe:S crystals is estimated to be about twice higher than those of GaAs in the same conditions.
Controlling the type and intensity of low-frequency waves generated by laser plasma clots in a force tube of magnetized plasma
Authors: Berezutsky A G , Tishchenko V N , Chibranov A A , Miroshnichenko I B , Zakharov Yu P , Shaikhislamov I F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study the influence of the parameters of a magnetized background plasma on the intensity of whistler waves generated by periodic laser plasma bunches in a magnetic field tube. It is shown that at 0.3 < Lpi> 0.4 Alfvén waves and whistlers are generated. In the region Lpi> 0.5, intense whistlers with an amplitude of δBmax/ B0∼ 0.24 are generated.
On the opportunity of Laser Plasma simulation of Plasma Jets formation in moderate magnetic fields ∼ kGs
Authors: Zakharov Yu P , Neznamov V P , Terekhin V A , Shaikhislamov I F , Posukh V G , Trushin P A , Chibranov A A , Berezutsky A G , Rumenskikh M S , Efimov M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Today a number of various experiments with Laser-Produced Plasmas (LPP), done at very-high Magnetic Fields (up to B0
> MG) are using to model the physics of Astrophysical and Space Jets, a various processes of their formation and possible long-range propagation at various angles S to magnetic fields. We discuss the opportunity and present the first results of new-type experiments on simulation of Jets with LPP at KI-1 facility of ILP, at moderate magnetic field ∼ kGs, oriented quasi-transverse (S ≍ 600) of LPP-blob expansion (with velocity V
0) relative to B
0. They were done on the base of all our preliminary studies, both at large-scale, high-vacuum chamber (0120 cm of KI-1) and others devices with LPP (oriented earlier at V0 transverse to B0, with $ = 900).