bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le grand âge de la littérature
Authors: Roussin Philippe 
Published: October 2021

La littérature occidentale a longtemps représenté la vieillesse masculine selon deux grands types de caractère, opposés et complémentaires : l’homme devenu sage (dans l’épopée) et l’homme ridicule (dans la comédie). Au seuil de la modernité, Shakespeare a inventé un nouveau type de vieillard, au-delà du sage et du comique, un personnage de démesure, déchu de ses pouvoirs, grandiose et atteint de folie. Le Roi Lear (1605-1606) est la première œuvre dont le héros est un vieillard. Lear invente, pour ainsi dire, le temps littéraire de la vieillesse. L’article analyse trois œuvres du siècle passé où une grande place est accordée au personnage du vieillard, celles d’Italo Svevo, de Samuel Beckett et de Thomas Bernhard, les deux dernières entretenant des liens étroits avec le drame shakespearien et Le Roi Lear . Il se conclut par quelques remarques sur les rapports entre âge et création, grand âge et style tardif.
Liens entre éducation et cognition en fonction de l’évolution des concepts de recherche selon deux bases de données : Web of Science (WOS) et Didactique et acquisition du français (DAF)
Authors: Sprenger-Charolles Liliane 
Published: October 2021

Cet article examine, d’une part, ce qui permet d’attester qu’une étude est scientifique et, d’autre part, à quelle époque ont émergé les recherches issues des domaines de l’éducation et de la cognition, à partir de l’examen de deux bases de données : DAF (Didactique et acquisition du français langue maternelle) et le WoS. DAF a été élaborée par des chercheurs francophones québécois (Université de Montréal), français (Institut national de recherche pédagogique), belges et suisses. Le WoS recense les articles publiés dans des revues à comité de lecture, principalement internationales. Pour répondre à la première question, la typologie des recherches élaborée pour DAF est examinée et confrontée à celle issue du WoS avec une dimension historique. Pour répondre à la seconde question, après la présentation de quand et comment ont émergé les sciences cognitives d’après un des fondateurs de cette discipline (George Miller), l’évolution de ce champ disciplinaire et de celui de l’éducation est examiné ainsi que les sous disciplines auxquelles ils sont respectivement rattachés. L’article se termine par l’examen d’un domaine dans lequel les imbrications entre sciences de la cognition et de l’éducation sont fortes (celui de l’apprentissage de la lecture) avec un état des lieux de la recherche dans ce domaine et un examen de ce qui semble être un frein à sa diffusion dans le monde des praticiens de l’éducation.
Le site funéraire d’Antsiraka Boira (Acoua, Grande Terre) : Islamisation et syncrétisme culturel à Mayotte au XIIe siècle
Authors: Pauly Martial , Ferrandis Marine 
Published: October 2021

Cet article présente un bilan des six campagnes de fouilles effectuées entre 2012 et 2017 sur le site archéologique d’Antsiraka Boira, à Acoua (nord-ouest de Mayotte, Grande Terre). Il s’agit d’un ensemble funéraire daté du xiie siècle. L’échantillonnage de cette étude se compose de 29 sépultures fouillées sur un ensemble de 69 tombes repérées dans la zone de fouilles.Nos recherches à Antsiraka Boira documentent les pratiques funéraires d’une population de pêcheurs/agriculteurs/éleveurs représentative de la population mahoraise du début du IIe millénaire. Les sépultures étudiées attestent de l’islamisation de cette population durant le xiie siècle mais également de la permanence de gestes funéraires étrangers à l’Islam (mobilier funéraire, cercueil en bois), témoignant, pour la première fois à Mayotte, d’une phase de syncrétisme islamique. La recherche des filiations culturelles de ces pratiques funéraires, encore conservées en filigrane malgré l’islamisation, apporte une contribution permettant d’appréhender les multiples influences culturelles présentes à Mayotte, et interroge sur les connexions entretenues par l’archipel des Comores avec l’ensemble régional proche (Afrique, Madagascar) et en particulier sur la question de l’existence d’une aire culturelle proto-malgache encore décelable au début du IIe millénaire.
Ramadan et « sauce à la souris ». Interdits et compromis alimentaires entre musulmans et animistes d’Afrique occidentale d’après le récit de René Caillié au début du XIXe siècle
Authors: Chastanet Monique 
Published: October 2021

Au cours de son voyage à Tombouctou en 1827-1828, René Caillié s’intéresse au mode de vie des commerçants musulmans, ses compagnons de route, et des villageois animistes établis sur le trajet des caravanes. Il s’agit là d’une expérience exceptionnelle à bien des titres, même si ce témoignage doit faire l’objet d’une approche critique. René Caillié décrit notamment les pratiques alimentaires des uns et des autres, ou des uns avec les autres, selon leur appartenance religieuse. Ces comportements donnent une image contrastée des relations entre animistes et musulmans, qui peuvent être faites d’interdits, de tolérances ou de compromis de la part des commerçants « mandingues ». Ces pratiques montrent aussi diverses manières d’être musulman en Afrique soudano-sahélienne au début du XIXe siècle, en fonction des tendances pacifiques ou conquérantes de l’islam, des nécessités du commerce à longue distance, et de la prégnance de certaines habitudes locales.
Reflective writing: experience of first professional medical students with attitude ethics and communication module
Authors: Tikare S. N. , Dhundasi S. A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Teaching and learning of medical ethics, communication skills, leadership and team building skills had not received due attention in the Indian medical curriculum that we had till recently. The Medical Council of India/ Board of Governors emphasized the need for development of appropriate attitude and communication skills among the students. Thus, Attitude ethics and communication (AETCOM) module was envisaged for all phases of undergraduate medical program. Our study analyzed the response of the students to AETCOM module and their reflective writings. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among students of 2017-18 and 2019-20 batch at a medical college in the state of Karnataka, India. It examines the response of first professional year students to AETCOM module sessions. The medical students submitted the reflective writing/ narratives, following a series of sessions on the first AETCOM module topic. The study was approved by the Institutional ethics committee. Results: The content of the narratives were analysed for the values, attitudes, roles and responsibilities of a doctor as perceived by the students using predetermined codes. A comparative analysis of the two groups yielded very usable information which could improvise the teaching–learning and assessment methods in practical implementation of AETCOM modules. Discussion: Narratives and reflective writing are important tools for learning attitudinal and ethical issues. It is a metacognitive process that creates greater understanding of self and situations and prepares for an informed future action. The MCI/ BOG envisaged AETCOM module will help students acquire necessary competence in the attitudinal, ethical and communication domains.
Human-like Response of Pig T Cells to Superagonistic Anti-CD28 Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Uehlein Sabrina , Ding Xin , Flößer Janina , Schmidt Selma , Steitz Julia , Bille Maya , Schnitter Florian , Baltes Steffen , Saalmüller Armin , Gerner Wilhelm , Herrmann Thomas , Frey Anna , Kerkau Thomas , Hofmann Ulrich , Beyersdorf Niklas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Because of its size, anatomical similarities, and now also accessibility to genetic manipulations, pigs are used as animal models for human diseases and immune system development. However, expression and function of CD28, the most important costimulatory receptor expressed by T cells, so far is poorly understood in this species. Using a newly generated mAb (mAb 3D11) with specificity for pig CD28, we detected CD28 on CD8+ and CD4+ αβ T cells. Among γδ T cells, CD28 expression was restricted to a small CD2+ subpopulation of phenotypically naive cells. Functionally, CD28 ligation with mAb 3D11-costimulated porcine T cells, enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion in vitro. We used a second, likewise newly generated but superagonistic, anti-CD28 mAb (CD28-SA; mAb 4D12) to test the function of CD28 on porcine T cells in a pilot study in vivo. Injection of the CD28-SA into pigs in vivo showed a very similar dose-response relationship as in humans (i.e., 100 µg/kg body weight [BW]) of CD28-SA induced a cytokine release syndrome that was avoided at a dose of 10 µg/kg BW and below. The data further suggest that low-dose (10 µg/kg BW) CD28-SA infusion was sufficient to increase the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells among CD4+ T cells in vivo. The pig is thus a suitable animal model for testing novel immunotherapeutics. Moreover, data from our pilot study in pigs further suggest that low-dose CD28-SA infusion might allow for selective expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells in humans.
Principal Component Analysis of the Social and Behavioral Rhythms Scale in elderly
Authors: Cossu Giulia , Agus Mirian , Atzori Laura , Aviles Gonzales Cesar Ivan , Minerba Luigi , Ferreli Caterina , Puxeddu Roberto , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra , Romano Ferdinando , Pintus Elisa , Penna Maria Petronilla , Carta Mauro Giovanni 
Published: October 2021

Background Changes in social and behavioral rhythms (SBR) in the elderly are related to health status. Nevertheless, there is no data on factor analysis of the Brief Social Rhythm Scale (BSRS) an internationally well-known tool in this field. The aim was to analyze, in the elderly, the factorial structure of the Italian version of BSRS. Design and methods Principal Component Analysis of the BSRS carried out in elderly living at home. Results Sample of 141 participants (83 Females, 58,9%), aged 72.3±4.8. All the items of the questionnaire were related and could compose a single factor, explaining 56% of variance. A solution adopting two factors, the first (including items 1,2,3,4,9,10), the second (including items 5,6,7,8), covered cumulatively 78.8% of the variance. Conclusions The study confirms that the BSRS is consistent with the idea for which it was built and can be useful for the study of the regularity of SBR in old adults.
Evaluation of Neck Pain and Scapular Stability in Graduate Dental Students
Authors: Verma Chhaya V. , Bhosale Krutika S. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
There is a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. The most commonly affected areas are the neck, low back, wrist, and hand. The symptoms of the musculoskeletal disorder occur during the educational and training course in dental students.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess neck pain and the scapular stability in graduate dental students.

Study Design:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study.

Study Setting:
This study was conducted at a dental college attached to a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
The site of pain over the neck region (in subjects with pain) was assessed using body diagrams. Assessment of intensity of pain (if present) was done using Numerical Rating Scale, scapular posture using the pectoralis minor (PM) length test and resting scapular upward rotation using Baseline Bubble Inclinometer, dynamic scapular positioning using Lateral Scapular Slide Test, and muscle strength of scapular stabilizers using Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester. The outcome measures were compared between 1st-year undergraduate dental students (Group A) and dental interns (Group B).

Results:
Sixty-three female dental students (Group A, n = 32; Group B, n = 31) were included. There was a significant difference in the PM length test of left side (P = 0.02) and intensity of pain (right side P = 0.008, left side P = 0.003) in Groups A and B. The site of pain was over the lateral aspect of the neck and the character of pain was aching. We found no significant difference in other outcome measures.

Conclusion:
Dental students suffer from neck pain. Static scapular posture was affected, whereas the dynamic scapular stability was not affected.
Assessment of Level of Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude toward “Basic Life Support” and “Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation” among Dental Students, Interns, and Dental Practitioners
Authors: Shete Anagha V. , Shete Mrinal V. , Kulkarni Tejas M. , Chinte Avanti D. , Nerkar Ashwini , Kshirsagar Kapil 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Being healthcare professionals, the dentists should be aware of the basic and practical aspects of basic life support (BLS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study helps assess the knowledge and awareness of dental professionals toward it.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward “BLS” among dental students, interns, and dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods:
This survey-based study enrolled 70 students from 3rd-year BDS, 70 students from final-year BDS, 80 interns, and 45 dental academicians/practitioners of the dental college. A semi-structured, validated, peer-reviewed questionnaire was used with three sections – demographic data, qualification, and experience; knowledge of participants regarding BLS (26 multiple-choice questions); and awareness and attitude toward BLS (7 close-ended questions).

Results:
Surprisingly, none of the 265 participants had complete knowledge of BLS and CPR. They lacked in basic knowledge of this important lifesaving protocol. The students and interns also were unaware of basic and applied knowledge of BLS, which shows the necessity of its inclusion in BDS curriculum.

Conclusion:
The understanding of lack of knowledge and awareness about BLS and CPR is alarming. Its inclusion in curriculum, training, and periodic re-training of dental undergraduates, interns, postgraduates, academicians, and practitioners is necessary.
A case report of probable ocular tuberculosis following biologics
Authors: Ganesh Sudha K. , Thatikonda Divya 
Published: October 2021

Biological drugs, especially anti-TNF-α agents, have revolutionized the treatment of chronic immune-inflammatory diseases, however complications include reactivation of tuberculosis and increased incidence of other infections.
We report a 28-year-old male, on biological agents for HLA B27 positive spondyloarthropathy, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis, who presented with occlusive retinal perivasculitis. Following a thorough clinical examination and ocular and systemic investigation, a diagnosis of probable ocular tuberculosis (POTB) with tubercular retinal vasculitis (TRV) was made. Biologics were temporarily withdrawn and anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) initiated with good response. Patients on biologics need close monitoring, for ocular and systemic infections especially TB.
Candida Prevalence in the Saliva of Controlled and Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients – A Clinical Study
Authors: Ruchi Mehta , Sandeep K. Bains , Archana Bhatia , Nisha Dua , Sukriti Mahajan , Deepika  
Published: October 2021

Context:
Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The health of oral tissue is related to saliva and both the composition and flow of saliva are altered in diabetic patients.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the prevalence of Candida in diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls and to assess the relationship between the candidal carriage and glycemic control, the relationship between the oral prevalence of Candida species, and clinical candidal infection, and the effect of antidiabetic therapy and smoking on candidal infection.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 100 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic (control) patients.

Methods and Material:
Saliva samples were collected and the concentrated oral rinse technique was used for quantitative oral candidal isolation. A digital colony counter enumerated several candidal colonies on each plate.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test are used.

Results:
Colony-forming units (CFU/ml) in diabetics were 3131.14 and in control was 986.8. Out of 55 diet control patients, 30 had a candidal carrier; out of 44 patients on oral hypoglycemic, 30 had candidal carrier; and out of 1 patient on insulin, 1 had a candidal carrier. Out of 19 diabetics (good control), 8 had candidal carrier; out of 28 (moderate control), 12 had candidal carrier; and out of 53 (poor control), 41 had a candidal carrier. Out of 14 smokers, 8 had candidal carriers, and out of 36 nonsmokers, 11 had candidal carriers.

Conclusions:
Diabetic patients carry a higher number of candida in their oral cavity.
Hidden Pathologies of Maxillary Sinus using CBCT Scans
Authors: Sanaullah Md , Sinha Abhishek , Srivastava Sunita , Mishra Anuj , Singh Yakshi , Basu Shalini 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Diagnosis of orofacial pathologies is difficult with the 2 dimensional (2D) images taken from conventional radiography. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been developed with 3 dimensional (3D) modalities and has become a better alternative to conventional radiography. Highre solution axial, coronal, and sagittal sections are the most revealing, noninvasive techniques for assessing the maxillary sinus anatomical variations, pathology, and its adjacent structures and areas.

Aim:
This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of pathological changes in the maxillary sinus of asymptomatic cases using CBCT for diagnostic purposes.

Materials and Methods:
This study was evaluated among 200 patients for hidden pathologies in the maxillary sinus. Pathological findings were categorized as a mucosal thickening, polypoid mucosal thickening, radiopacification, and no pathological findings.

Results:
In the present study, the overall prevalence of the mucous retention cyst was found to be 30.25%, the polyp was 4.25%, the mucocele was 0.50%, and the overall mucosal thickenings was 35%.

Conclusions:
In our study, the mucosal thickening has a very high rate of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in asymptomatic patients. Therefore, a detailed three-dimensional imaging using CBCT is stated in most patients for proper treatment planning. A careful review of the entire CBCT scans is essential to avoid under-or overestimation of potential complications in providing comprehensive health care.
Analysis of Downregulated Salivary Proteins in Oral Submucous Fibrosis – A Quantitative Proteomic Pilot Study
Authors: Babu Anu , Chatra Laxmikanth , Shenoy Prashanth 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity which is strongly associated with chewing of areca nut. The rate of malignant transformation varies between 3% and 19%. As oral lesions are in direct contact with saliva, the altered composition of saliva has shown promising results in surveillance of malignant transformation. Aim: To do quantitative proteomic profiling of saliva in OSMF and to study the downregulated proteins.

Methodology:
Quantitative proteomic profiling was carried out using Liquid chromatography with Tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) on saliva obtained from patients with OSMF.

Results:
A total of 172 proteins were identified in saliva samples. Five proteins were downregulated in the samples (fold change average of disease vs. control ratio ≤0.6).

Conclusion:
Downregulated proteins could serve as potential biomarkers in the early detection of malignant transformation in OSMF.
Pregraduation Online Curriculum Delivery of Internal Medicine Course during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aljarallah Salman , Bedaiwi Mohammed , Alrashed Rashed , Omair Mohammed A. , Soliman Mona , Alfadda Assim A. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged medical education and resulted in a rapid and unexpected global shift toward online education. The study presents the experience of the College of Medicine of King Saud University in delivering a comprehensive internal medicine course for final-year medical students, which includes the implementation of novel methods of assessment.

Methods:
A 2-week revision of the internal medicine course was conducted for 70 pregraduation medical students. Lectures and focused case-based tutorials were conducted online. Novel assessment methods included brief written essays summarizing the tutorials, open-book short-answer question (SAQ) examination, and a virtual standardized oral examination (vSOE). A questionnaire was sent to the students (n = 70) on the contents of the course, clarity of objectives, duration, and online platform.

Results:
The response rate was 99.3%. Students scored higher in the SAQs compared with traditional multiple-choice tests (mean score: 92.3% vs. 69.8%). The vSOE was efficient, and grades were comparable to traditional objective structured clinical examination. The majority of students (93%) reported the scientific content as good or excellent, whereas approximately 30% found the course goals lacked a clear description. The majority (76%) found the course length appropriate, and 94% reported the online platform installation and operation easy or very easy.

Conclusions:
The comprehensive online internal medicine course was successfully delivered to pregraduation students. Innovative online examination methods can be a reasonable alternative in the case of lockdown. This modality of teaching and assessment was considered useful and met the expectations of students.
Coronary Angiographic Characteristics of Type 2 DM Compared with Nondiabetic Patients in Benghazi-Libya. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bettamer Zaki , Elkadiki Abdelhadi H. , Alsaeiti Khaled D. 
Published: October 2021

Background/Aim:
The absolute risk of death due to coronary artery disease (CAD) is two to five times higher in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes regardless of the cholesterol concentration, and females with diabetes have the worst prognosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the angiographic severity and extent of CAD in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with nondiabetic patients.

Patients and Methods:
A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 340 patients who were diagnosed with CAD. The two groups were matched for age, gender, and other major risk factors. Data collected include demographic data, distribution, and extent of coronary artery involvement.

Results:
Three hundred and forty patients were included in the study, 175 of them (51.4%) were diabetics, and 165 (48.5%) were nondiabetics, comparing coronary angiographic results of both groups: One hundred and twenty-six patients (73%) of the diabetic patients have multivessel diseased (P = 0.003), 49 patients (27%) have a single-vessel diseased and none of them have a normal coronaries (0%). While for the nondiabetic patients 82 (50%) of them have a multivessel diseased, 63 patients (38%) have a single-vessel diseased, and 20 patients (12%) have normal coronaries.

Conclusion:
Multivessel disease with diffuse lesion is more prevalent among diabetic Libyan patients compared with nondiabetics. The affected vessels in diabetic patients are diffusely diseased more than nondiabetic.