bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of British Thyroid Association, American College of Radiology TIRADS and Artificial Intelligence TIRADS with histological correlation: diagnostic performance for predicting thyroid malignancy and unnecessary fine needle aspiration rate
Authors: Watkins Linda , O'Neill Greg , Young David , McArthur Claire 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
To compare diagnostic performance of British Thyroid Association (BTA), American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and Artificial Intelligence TIRADS (AI-TIRADS) for thyroid nodule malignancy. To determine comparative unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) rates.

Methods:
218 thyroid nodules with definitive histology obtained during 2017 were included. Ultrasound images were reviewed retrospectively in consensus by two subspecialist radiologists, blinded to histopathology, and nodules assigned a BTA, ACR-TIRADS and AI-TIRADS grade. Nodule laterality and size were recorded to allow accurate histopathological correlation and determine which nodules met criteria for FNA.

Results:
77 (35.3%) nodules were malignant. Deeming ultrasound Grade 4–5 as test-positive and 1–2 as test-negative, sensitivity and specificity for BTA was 98.28 and 42.55%, for ACR-TIRADS: 95.24 and 40.57% and for AI-TIRADS: 93.44 and 45.71%. FNA was indicated in 101 (71.6%), 67 (47.5%) and 65 (46.1%) benign nodules utilising BTA, ACR-TIRADS and AI-TIRADS respectively. The unnecessary FNA rate was significantly higher with BTA (46.3%) compared to ACR-TIRADS (30.7%) and AI-TIRADS (29.8%) p &lt; 0.001.

Conclusion:
BTA, ACR-TIRADS and AI-TIRADS had similar diagnostic performance for predicting thyroid nodule malignancy with sensitivity &gt;93% for all systems when considering ultrasound Grade 4–5 as malignant and Grade 1–2 as benign. ACR-TIRADS and AI-TIRADS both had a significantly lower rate of recommended FNA in benign nodules compared to BTA.

Advances in knowledge:
BTA, ACR-TIRADS and AI-TIRADS have comparable diagnostic performance with high sensitivity but relatively low specificity for predicting thyroid nodule malignancy in this cohort using histology as gold-standard. Using Grade 1–2 as benign and 4–5 as malignant there were more false negatives with TIRADS but this improved when taking other features into account while BTA had a significantly higher rate of unnecessary FNA.
Comparing the supine and erect pelvis radiographic examinations: an evaluation of anatomy, image quality and radiation dose
Authors: Flintham Kevin , Alzyoud Kholoud , England Andrew , Hogg Peter , Snaith Beverly 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Pelvis radiographs are usually acquired supine despite standing imaging reflecting functional anatomy. We compared supine and erect radiographic examinations for anatomical features, radiation dose and image quality.

Methods:
60 patients underwent pelvis radiography in both supine and erect positions at the same examination appointment. Measures of body mass index and sagittal diameter were obtained. Images were evaluated using visual grading analysis and pelvic tilt was compared. Dose–area product values were recorded and inputted into the CalDose_X software to estimate effective dose (ED). The CalDose_X software allowed comparisons using data from the erect and supine sex-specific phantoms (MAX06 & FAX06).

Results:
Patient sagittal diameter was greater on standing with an average 20.6% increase at the iliac crest (median 30.0, interquartile range [26.0 to 34.0] cm), in comparison to the supine position [24.0 (22.3 to 28.0) cm; p &lt; 0.001]. 57 (95%) patients had posterior pelvic tilt on weight-bearing. Erect image quality was significantly decreased with median image quality scores of 78% (69 to 85) compared to 87% for the supine position [81 to 91] (p &lt; 0.001). In the erect position, the ED was 47% higher [0.17 (0.13 to 0.33) mSv vs 0.12 (0.08 to 0.18) mSv (p &lt; 0.001)], influenced by the increased sagittal diameter. 42 (70%) patients preferred the standing examination.

Conclusion:
Patient diameter and pelvic tilt were altered on weightbearing. Erect images demonstrated an overall decrease in image quality with a higher radiation dose. Optimal acquisition parameters are required for erect pelvis radiography as the supine technique is not directly transferable.
PRECURSORES ESQUECIDOS DO DIREITO E LITERATURA NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS: A HISTORICIDADE DOS PARADIGMAS DA EPISTEMOLOGIA JURÍDICA
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Muniz 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Bucou-se demonstrar que, ao contrário do que frequentemente se afirma, o tema Direito e Literatura não começa a ser estudado nos Estados Unidos com a publicação de The Legal Imagination(em 1973). Procurou-se demonstrar quais os paradigmas epistemológicos vigentes em determinados períodos nas academias estadunidenses, responsáveis por permitir as aproximações e os distanciamentos entre as duas áreas. Buscou-se problematizar porque alguns autores estadunidenses são mencionados de forma mais recorrentes que outros.Metodologia: Partiu-se de uma revisão de literatura de textos escritos em língua inglesa e de análises empíricas documentais de diferentes fontes, como livros, artigos, ensaios e textos publicados em sites. Resultados: Foi possível identificar as relações de direito e literatura no início da república estadunidense, importantes para a construção da identidade nacional daquele país; a emergência do positivismo lógico como uma possível justificativa para a cisão entre as duas áreas; e a permanência de autores que, antes do marco inicial de 1973, continuaram a escrever, com origininalidade, sobre esta empreitada interdisciplinar. Contribuições: Levantaram-se problematizações a respeito do esquecimento de determinados autores e autoras da área, o que auxilia na compreensão da historicidade do direito e da literatura, em específico, e da própria epistemologia jurídica, em geral.
Growth and health status of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus reared under manipulated photoperiod conditions
Authors: Windarti Windarti , Amin Bintal , Simarmata Asmika H. 
Published: May 2021

Background: In general, the length of photoperiod affects the physiology of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. This study aimed to understand the growth and health status of this fish reared under manipulated photoperiods. Methods: The study was conducted between June to August 2020[A1] . Three treatments were applied: control (natural photoperiod); 18 hours of darkness (18D6L; tanks were placed under a dark tarp tent for 18 hours); and 24 hours of darkness (24D0L; tanks were placed under a dark tarp tent continuously). Three replications were performed per treatment. At baseline, fish were approx. 7.5 cm [A2] total length (TL) and 4 g body weight (BW), and were reared in circular plastic tanks (100 L; 30 fish/tank) with aerators and filters, and fed with commercial fish feed pellet (2 times/day to satiation). Fish growth and survival were studied once/week, and blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment (8 th week). Tissue was formalin fixed and HE stained. Results: The survival of fish in all treatment was 100%. The fish reared in 24D0L and 18D6L grew better than control, achieving mean TL of 23 cm and BW of 98 g (control = 19 cm TL and 72 g BW). There was no difference in hematology condition or tissue structure between the three groups. Tissue structure of gill, kidney and liver were normal, but light abnormality due to parasites was present in the gill of fish reared in 24D0L. Blood samples for all three groups showed mean red blood cell count of 1,800,000 cells/ml and white blood cell (WBC) count of 55,200 cells/ml. WBC consisted of lymphocyte 65%, monocyte 24%, thrombocyte 6%, neutrophil 3%, eosinophil 1% and basophile 1%. Conclusion: Data obtained indicate that a short photoperiod improves the growth of P. hypophthalmus fish and does not negatively affects their health.
Case Report: Spontaneous simultaneous coronary and carotid dissection in a young cannabis user
Authors: Ibn Hadj Amor Hassen , Touil Imen , Boukriba Seif , Bouchnak Skander , Kraiem Salma , Rouabhia Ramzi 
Published: May 2021

Due to legalization of its consumption in some countries and its medical use as well as low toxic potential, cannabis remains the most widely used drug around the world and the rate of usage is only increasing. Nevertheless, there are several case reports of vascular complications following cannabis use even in young people without cardiovascular risk factors. We report the case of a cannabis smoker presenting to the emergency room for an ischemic stroke associated with an acute coronary syndrome related to a spontaneous simultaneous double dissection of the carotid artery and the left anterior descending artery, with a favourable outcome under medical treatment. This case shows the seriousness of complications due to the cannabis consumption, hence the need to limit or even prohibit its consumption.
The utility of an AMR dictionary as an educational tool to improve public understanding of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Prapharsavat Ravikanya , Lim Cherry , Sunthornsut Pornpan , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Wongsantichon Jantana , Hanpithakpong Warunee , Sonthayanon Piengchan , Jaiyen Yanin , Jeeyapant Atthanee , Ekkapongpisit Maneerat , Bleho John , Chan Xin Hui S , Hernandez-Koutoucheva Anastasia , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Dance David A.B. , Bierhoff Marieke , Kittikongnapang Rattanasiri , Malathum Kumthorn , Kuduvalli Prasad N , Mathew Philip , Mathee Kalai , Kiatying-Angsulee Niyada , Sumpradit Nithima , Hsu Li Yang , Day Nicholas PJ , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Limmathurotsakul Direk 
Published: May 2021

Background: Communicating about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to the public is challenging. Methods: We developed a dictionary of terms commonly used to communicate about AMR. For each term, we developed learning points to explain AMR and related concepts in plain language. We conducted a pilot evaluation in 374 high school students in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. In three 50-minute sessions, students were asked to answer five true/false questions using a paper-based questionnaire. The first session assessed their understanding of AMR at baseline, the second after searching the internet, and the third after the provision of the printed AMR dictionary and its web address. Results: We developed the AMR dictionary as a web-based application (www.amrdictionary.net). The Thai version of the AMR dictionary included 35 terms and associated learning points, seven figures displaying posters promoting AMR awareness in Thailand, and 66 recommended online videos. In the pretest, the proportion of correct responses to each question ranged from 10% to 57%; 10% of the students correctly answered that antibiotics cannot kill viruses and 57% correctly answered that unnecessary use of antibiotics makes them ineffective. After the internet searches, the proportions of correct answers increased, ranging from 62% to 89% (all p<0.001). After providing the AMR dictionary, the proportions of correct answers increased further, ranging from 79% to 89% for three questions (p<0.001), and did not change for one question (p=0.15). Correct responses as to whether taking antibiotics often has side-effects such as diarrhoea reduced from 85% to 74% (p<0.001). The dictionary was revised based on the findings and comments received. Conclusions: Understanding of AMR among Thai high school students is limited. The AMR dictionary can be a useful supportive tool to increase awareness and improve understanding of AMR. Our findings support the need to evaluate the effectiveness of communication tools in the real-world setting.
Mental health of patients suffering from connective tissue diseases. Negative and positive concept and selected correlates
Authors: Zabłocka-Żytka Lidia , Wiśniewski Michał 
Published: May 2021

Cel pracyCelem badań była ocena zdrowia psychicznego, zarówno w ujęciu negatywnym, czyli obecność zaburzeń, jak i pozytywnym- dobrostan osób chorujących na choroby tkanki łącznej. Ze względu na specyfikę chorób tkanki łącznej, m.in. ich nieprzewidywalny przebieg, często towarzyszący pacjentom ból do analiz włączono wybrane zmienne kliniczne oraz socjodemograficzne.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 101 osób, w tym 81 kobiet i 20 mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 57 lat chorujących na różne choroby tkanki łącznej. Część osób wypełniało kwestionariusze podczas spotkania grup wsparcia (38, 6%), pozostałe z wykorzystaniem Internetu. Wykorzystano kwestionariusz HADS-M do badania wskaźników zdrowia psychicznego w ujęciu negatywnym, Kwestionariusz PERMA-Profil do oceny dobrostanu (wskaźnik zdrowia psychicznego w ujęciu pozytywnym) oraz ankietę własną dotyczącą danych klinicznych i socjodemograficznych.WynikiBadani chorujący na choroby tkanki łącznej charakteryzują się wysokim nasileniem objawów lęku i depresji. Zaobserwowano związki między zdrowiem psychicznym a wybranymi zmiennymi klinicznymi i socjodemograficznymi np. większy ból wiąże się z wyższymi wskaźnikami lęku i depresji oraz niższym dobrostanem; z wiekiem zwiększa się dobrostan.WnioskiIstotne jest monitorowanie zdrowia psychicznego osób przewlekle chorujących somatycznie, w tym na choroby tkanki łącznej, szczególnie osób młodych, w początkowym okresie choroby, odczuwających silny ból, mieszkańców wsi i małych miejscowości, gdzie ograniczony jest dostęp wsparcia.
Mediating effect of coping strategies on the relation between social support and depressive symptoms among patients after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Milaniak Irena , Wilczek Rużyczka Ewa , Przybyłowski Piotr 
Published: May 2021

Cel pracyCelem niniejszego badania była ocena roli różnego rodzaju strategii radzenia sobie jako czynnika pośredniczącego pomiędzy wsparciem społecznym a symptomami depresji wśród pacjentów po przeszczepieniu sercaMetodaW badaniu udział wzięło 123 pacjentów po przeszczepieniu serca. Wszyscy uczestnicy badania wypełnili kwestionariusze samooceny z użyciem następujących standaryzowanych narzędzi: skróconej wersji Skali Depresji Becka (Beck Depression Inventory Short Form, BDI SF), Berlińskich Skali Wsparcia Społecznego (Berlin Social Support Scales, BSSS) oraz Wielowymiarowego Inwentarza do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, skrócona wersja COPE).WynikiWyniki pokazały, że w odniesieniu do obecności symptomów depresji, aktualnie otrzymywane wsparcie społeczne oraz spostrzegane dostępne wsparcie społeczne (zarówno emocjonalne, jak i instrumentalne) okazały się mieć istotny bezpośredni wpływ. Strategie radzenia sobie miały pośredniczący efekt w korelacji między aktualnie otrzymywanym wsparciem społecznym, spostrzeganym dostępnym wsparciem społecznym a symptomami depresji. Osoby z niskim spostrzeganym dostępnym wsparciem społecznym oraz aktualnie otrzymywanym wsparciem społecznym (zarówno emocjonalnym, jak i instrumentalnym), jak również osoby stosujące strategie radzenia sobie polegające na unikaniu i wyparciu okazały się być podatne na doświadczanie symptomów depresji.
Istotny efekt pośredniczący wobec symptomów depresji określono dla związku między aktywnym radzeniem sobie, planowaniem, pozytywnym przewartościowaniem, obwinianiem siebie oraz rzeczywiście otrzymywanym wsparciemWnioskiWszystkie rodzaje wsparcia społecznego okazały się bezpośrednio skorelowane z symptomami depresji. Strategie radzenia sobie okazały się mieć pośredniczący efekt w korelacji między postrzeganym wsparciem społecznym a depresją.
Plumbing of Securities Markets: The Impact of Post-trade Fees on Trading and Welfare
Authors: Degryse Hans , Van Achter Mark , Wuyts Gunther 
Published: May 2021

We analyze how market design choices about counterparty information and costs related to the “plumbing” (i.e., clearing, settlement, and custody) of securities markets affect market quality and welfare. Our model compares two post-trade fee structures for allocating these costs. One charges a uniform fee for all trades and the other, marginal cost–based structure a reduced fee for internalized trades (which, both traders being from the same broker, is less costly to process). Both market design and fee structure affect quote aggressiveness and trading volume and its composition. With marginal cost–based fees and counterparty information being available, traders decide which counterparties to target through quote aggressiveness, trading off execution probability against fee. A social planner can maximize welfare by requiring marginal cost–based fees and providing traders the choice to disclose counterparty information. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Comparison of the sensitivity by SPR in a metal-ITO-BlueP/TMDC structure
Authors: Liao Jianfei , Han Lei , Xu Chaoyu 
Published: May 2021

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on blue phosphorus (BlueP)/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) of two-dimensional (2D) materials is proposed to increase the performance. In this sensor, BlueP/TMDCs are coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) and different metals (Au/Ag/Cu) to improve the sensitivity. By optimizing structural parameters, with the

B
l
u
e
P

/

W
S

2

monolayer and Au thin film, the angular sensitivity can reach as high as 226.0°/RIU. The phase sensitivity also can be as high as

3.6001

×

10

6

d
e
g

/

R
I
U

with

B
l
u
e
P

/

M
o
S

2

4 layers, 228 nm ITO, and 25 nm Au thin film, which is 6.77 times that of the Au-ITO structure and 54.40 times that of the traditional SPR of Au thin film. The SPR sensor has potential applications in disease diagnosis, drug development, gene sequencing and treatment, environmental monitoring, food safety testing, doping testing, and other fields.
On the space-time statistics of motion pictures
Authors: Lee Dae Yeol , Ko Hyunsuk , Kim Jongho , Bovik Alan C. 
Published: May 2021

It is well known that natural images possess statistical regularities that can be captured by bandpass decomposition and divisive normalization processes that approximate early neural processing in the human visual system. We expand on these studies and present new findings on the properties of space-time natural statistics that are inherent in motion pictures. Our model relies on the concept of temporal bandpass (e.g., lag) filtering in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and area V1, which is similar to smoothed frame differencing of video frames. Specifically, we model the statistics of the differences between adjacent or neighboring video frames that have been slightly spatially displaced relative to one another. We find that when these space-time differences are further subjected to locally pooled divisive normalization, statistical regularities (or lack thereof) arise that depend on the local motion trajectory. We find that bandpass and divisively normalized frame differences that are displaced along the motion direction exhibit stronger statistical regularities than for other displacements. Conversely, the direction-dependent regularities of displaced frame differences can be used to estimate the image motion (optical flow) by finding the space-time displacement paths that best preserve statistical regularity.
Gas-induced differential refractive index enhanced guidance in hollow-core optical fibers
Authors: Kelly T. W. , Horak P. , Davidson I. A. , Partridge M. , Jasion G. T. , Rikimi S. , Taranta A. , Richardson D. J. , Poletti F. , Wheeler N. V. 
Published: May 2021

Hollow-core fibers (HCFs) are a potentially transformative fiber technology, where light is confined within a hollow core surrounded by a cladding composed of air holes defined by glass membranes. Dramatic reductions in the minimum losses achieved in a HCF are driving forward their application in low-latency data transmission and ultra-high-power delivery, and maximizing their performance is of increasing interest. Here, we demonstrate that introducing an extremely small gas-induced differential refractive index (GDRI) between the gas within the core and cladding regions of a HCF enables dramatic changes to a HCF’s optical properties, including loss, bend loss, and modality. Within this work, we focus on a tubular HCF and demonstrate through experiment and simulations that the confinement loss of this fiber can be reduced by a factor of 5 using a differential pressure of only 6.7 bar. Understanding GDRI is critical for applications where the gas content within the fiber is actively controlled. Moreover, GDRI provides a new means to control the optical properties of a HCF post-fabrication, opening up new areas of design space and providing a tool to tailor and enhance the optical performance of even state-of-the-art HCFs.
Instant FLIM enables 4D in vivo lifetime imaging of intact and injured zebrafish and mouse brains
Authors: Zhang Yide , Guldner Ian H. , Nichols Evan L. , Benirschke David , Smith Cody J. , Zhang Siyuan , Howard Scott S. 
Published: May 2021

Traditional fluorescence microscopy is blind to molecular
microenvironment information that is present in a fluorescence
lifetime, which can be measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging
microscopy (FLIM). However, most existing FLIM techniques are slow to
acquire and process lifetime images, difficult to implement, and
expensive. Here we present instant FLIM, an analog signal processing
method that allows real-time streaming of fluorescence intensity,
lifetime, and phasor imaging data through simultaneous image
acquisition and instantaneous data processing. Instant FLIM can be
easily implemented by upgrading an existing two-photon microscope
using cost-effective components and our open-source software. We
further improve the functionality, penetration depth, and resolution
of instant FLIM using phasor segmentation, adaptive optics, and
super-resolution techniques. We demonstrate through-skull intravital
3D FLIM of mouse brains to depths of 300 µm and present the first
in vivo 4D FLIM of microglial dynamics
in intact and injured zebrafish and mouse brains for up to 12 h.
Comparative study between photodynamic therapy with urucum + Led and probiotics in halitosis reduction–protocol for a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Motta Pamella de Barros , Motta Lara Jansiski , Costa da Mota Ana Carolina , Leal Gonçalves Marcela Letícia , Silva Tamiris , Momolli Marcos , de Andrade David Casimiro , Santos Fernandes Kristianne Porta , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Deana Alessandro Melo , Wainwright Mark , Prates Renato Araujo , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Bussadori Sandra Kalil 
Published: May 2021

Background
Halitosis is a term that defines any foul odor emanating from the oral cavity. The origin may be local or systemic. The aim of the proposed protocol is to determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and treatment with probiotics are effective at eliminating halitosis.

Materials and methods
Eighty-eight patients, from 18 to 25 years old with a diagnosis of halitosis (H2S≥112 ppb, determined by gas chromatography) will be randomly allocated to four groups (n = 22) that will receive different treatments: Group 1 –treatment with teeth brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper; Group 2 –brushing, dental floss and aPDT; Group 3 –brushing, dental floss and probiotics; Group 4 –brushing, flossing, aPDT and probiotics. The results of the halimetry will be compared before, immediately after, seven days and thirty days after treatment. The microbiological analysis of the coated tongue will be performed at these same times. The normality of the data will be determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data with normal distribution will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Non-parametric data will be analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Wilcoxon test will be used to analyze the results of each treatment at the different evaluation periods.

Clinical trail registration
NCT03996044.