bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive biology of the deep-sea shrimp Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006 (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae) from southern India
Authors: Kuberan Ganesan , Chakraborty Rekha Devi , Sarada Pengamuck T , Maheswarudu Gidda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The caridean shrimp Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006 (Pandalidae), is widely distributed along the Indian coasts, and is commercially exploited by deep-sea fisheries in southern India. There is limited information on its reproductive biology. A total of 3,122 specimens were collected from commercial bottom trawlers with a 25–30 mm mesh cod-end at depths of 200–300 m between November 2013 and December 2015. There was no significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) in the sex ratio, and size at first maturity with regard to the carapace length was estimated as 22.2 mm in females and 21 mm in males in Arabian Sea specimens and 22 mm and 20.8 mm, respectively, in Bay of Bengal samples. Ovigerous females were observed through the entire fishing season, which indicates year-round breeding, with three stages identified in the development of eggs (early, middle, and late stages). The estimated absolute and relative fecundity in ovigerous females ranged 830–45,650 eggs and 160–2,871 eggs g–1, respectively. The maximum of 45,650 eggs is the highest number so far reported for any pandalid species. The relationship between carapace length and fecundity revealed b values of 3.31 to 6.33, indicating positive allometry with the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.21–0.37. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species can be further extrapolated aiming for the sustainable management of this resource.
Designing a green home healthcare network using grey flexible linear programming: heuristic approaches
Authors: Goodarzian Fariba , Abraham Ajith , Ghasemi Peiman , Mascolo Maria Di , Nasseri Hadi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In developing countries, the demand for old aged people requiring private health care at home is dramatically growing with the improvement of living standards. Since vehicles are used for transferring the medical staff (or doctors) to patient homes, it may be interesting to select a vehicle type based on the cost, capacity, and environmental sustainability (fuel consumption and CO2 gas emission per unit of distance) to maximize profits and social responsibility. In this paper, the first contribution, a new green home health care network for location, allocation, scheduling, and routing problems is developed with uncertain conditions. Another novelty, the time window to serve patients is also considered. In this regard, a novel grey flexible linear programming model is developed to cope with the uncertain nature of costs and capacity parameters that is as one important novelty. Due to this model’s high complexity and difficulty in large-scale instances, this research develops two novel hybrid algorithms. The first hybrid strategy called the HSEOSA algorithm combines the Social Engineering Optimizer algorithm with the Simulated Annealing method. In terms of contribution to the related solution methodology, additionally, the Keshtel Algorithm is incorporated with the Genetic Algorithm called the HGAKA algorithm as the second new hybrid metaheuristic. An extensive comparison among the proposed algorithms is performed to find the most efficient one for the application of home healthcare in real practice. To validate the proposed model, a novel real case study is illustrated in the home healthcare services in Tehran/Iran.
War in the Air from Spain to Yemen: The Challenges in Examining the Conduct of Air Bombardment
Authors: Piątkowski Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Air power is a dominant factor in both past and modern battlespace. Yet, despite its undisputed importance in warfare, its legal framework did not correspond with the significance of the air military operations, especially before the adoption of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977. Even after this date, not all the particulars of air warfare are regulated by the positive rules, as the law is scattered in norms of customary character. Even more challenging process than reconstruction of the legal architecture of the air warfare is the evaluation of the specific incidents containing the elements of military aviation activity. The aim of the article is to present possible challenges arising from very complex normative and operational background of the air warfare and air bombardments in particular. The pivotal point in considerations is the forgotten inquiry conducted by the military experts operating within the established by the League of Nations commission reviewing the conduct of air bombardment during the Civil War in Spain. The adopted methodology of the commission could be considered as a reasonable and balanced approach of analyzing the cases including the involvement of the air power and a relevant reference in contemporary investigations.
Dry-Heat Tolerance of Egg Sacs of InvasiveLatrodectusSpiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Japan: Implications for Efficient Control/Extermination
Authors: Hayasaka Daisuke , Nakamori Takuya , Tamaue Kazunori , Seko Yugo , Hashimoto Koya , Sawahata Takuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStrategic responses to invasive Latrodectus widow spiders are a global challenge due to the risks they pose to health and ecosystems. Chemical strategies involving the use of pyrethroids are effective against adult spiders, but as their populations rebound, chemical control becomes costly and unsustainable for eradication. A major obstacle is the inefficacy of insecticides against eggs, which are covered by a protective silk egg sac. Eradication of invasive spiders must focus on destroying progeny. Here, the responses of eggs in egg sacs of two invasive Latrodectus spiders in Japan (Latrodectus hasseltii (Thorell) and Latrodectus geometricus (C.L. Koch)) to short-term dry-heat exposure were examined. To test whether the dry-heat tolerance of the egg sacs of both spider species differed, lethal temperature (LT) was determined based on the hatching rate of eggs from egg sacs subjected to a range of temperatures. Hatching in both species failed completely when the egg sacs were exposed to temperatures of 55°C and above for 10 min, but the LT to reduce hatching by 90% (LT90) differed significantly between L. hasseltii (50. 9°C) and L. geometricus (52. 8°C). Our study highlights the efficacy of dry heat in suppressing hatching and thus shows the possibility for effective extermination of these noxious invasive pests. Further exploration and investigation of the effects of humidity and heat exposure time on egg sacs under field conditions are needed to guide Latrodectus spider control strategies.
Long-term survival after repetitive lymphadenectomy for nodal recurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a report of two cases
Authors: Hane Yuma , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Takeuchi Satoshi , Tanaka Kimitaka , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Noji Takehiro , Kurashima Yo , Ebihara Yuma , Murakami Soichi , Nakamura Toru , Okamura Keisuke , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare, but their incidence has increased in recent years. Curative surgery is recommended in several global guidelines for resectable PNENs. Lymph node recurrence after R0 resection for PNENs is infrequent, and global guidelines recommend surgical resection for recurrence, if resectable. However, data on the prognosis after surgical resection for nodal recurrence of PNENs are limited. We herein report two cases in which long-term survival was achieved after repetitive lymphadenectomy for nodal recurrence of PNENs. In both cases, the pathological findings for primary PNEN showed well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms and R0 resection was successfully performed. The Ki-67 index increased with each resection in both cases. Both patients showed long-term survival (10 and 14 years, respectively). Repetitive lymphadenectomy for nodal recurrence of PNENs may improve patient prognosis.
Minimal Fregeanism
Authors: Gray Aidan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Among the virtues of relationist approaches to Frege’s puzzle is that they put us in a position to outline structural features of the puzzle that were only implicit in earlier work. In particular, they allow us to frame questions about the relation between the explanatory roles of sense and sameness of sense. In this paper, I distinguish a number of positions about that relation which have not been clearly distinguished. This has a few pay-offs. It allows us to shed light on recent controversies about the ‘essential indexical’, and it also allows us to see what’s at stake between relationists and their opponents. When we see what’s at stake, we can see that we have reason to adopt an account of cognitive significance that incorporates elements of both relationist and Fregean approaches.
Extremely efficient mergers of intermediate-mass black hole binaries in nucleated dwarf galaxies
Authors: Khan Fazeel Mahmood , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves emitted by merging black holes between ∼104 and 107 M⊙ will be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) with signal-to-noise ratios of several hundred out to redshift 20. Supermassive black hole (107–1010 M⊙) binary formation, coalescence, and merger within massive galaxies is well-studied. However, intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) between ∼104 and 106 M⊙ are hosted by low mass and dwarf galaxies; it is not trivial to extrapolate black hole merger time-scales to this IMBH binary regime, due to the starkly different host galaxy structure, kinematics, and morphology compared to massive galaxy hosts. We perform ultrahigh resolution N-body simulations to study IMBH dynamics in nucleated dwarf galaxies whose structural parameters are obtained from observations of nearby dwarf galaxies. Starting from 50 pc, an IMBH quickly forms a binary. Thereafter, the binary orbit shrinks rapidly due to the high central stellar densities furnished by nuclear star clusters (NSCs). We find high eccentricities (e ∼ 0.4–0.99) in our suite of IMBH binaries, and residual eccentricity may persist to the LISA regime. IMBH merger times are typically a few hundred million years, with a few exceptionally short merger times for high eccentricities. We find that IMBH-stellar encounters originate pre-dominantly from NSCs, if the NSC-to-IMBH binary mass ratio is greater than 10; otherwise, bulge stars contribute significantly. As the IMBH binary ejects stars, however, the NSCs are disrupted. We conclude that comparable-mass IMBHs merge very efficiently in nucleated dwarf galaxies, making them promising LISA sources, as well as a channel for IMBH growth.
Hidden Historical Habitat-Linked Population Divergence and Contemporary Gene Flow of a Deep-Sea Patellogastropod Limpet
Authors: Xu Ting , Wang Yan , Sun Jin , Chen Chong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Chen Junlin , Qian Pei-Yuan , Qiu Jian-Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps in the deep ocean are rare oases fueled by chemosynthesis. Biological communities inhabiting these ecosystems are often distributed in widely separated habitats, raising intriguing questions on how these organisms achieve connectivity and whether habitat types facilitate intraspecific divergence. The deep-sea patellogastropod limpet Bathyacmaea nipponica that colonizes both vents and seeps across ∼2,400 km in the Northwest Pacific is a feasible model to answer these questions. We analyzed 123 individuals from four vents and three seeps using a comprehensive method incorporating population genomics and physical ocean modeling. Genome survey sequencing and genotyping-by-sequencing resulted in 9,838 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for population genomic analyses. Genetic divergence and demographic analyses revealed four habitat-linked (i.e., three seep and one vent) genetic groups, with the vent genetic group established via the opportunistic invasion of a few limpet larvae from a nearby seep genetic group. TreeMix analysis uncovered three historical seep-to-vent migration events. ADMIXTURE and divMigrate analyses elucidated weak contemporary gene flow from a seep genetic group to the vent genetic group. Physical ocean modeling underlined the potential roles of seafloor topography and ocean currents in shaping the genetic connectivity, contemporary migration, and local hybridization of these deep-sea limpets. Our study highlighted the power of integrating genomic and oceanographic approaches in deciphering the demography and diversification of deep-sea organisms. Given the increasing anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining and gas hydrate extraction) affecting the deep ocean, our results have implications for the conservation of deep-sea biodiversity and establishment of marine protected areas.
Optimized nickase- and nuclease-based prime editing in human and mouse cells
Authors: Adikusuma Fatwa , Lushington Caleb , Arudkumar Jayshen , Godahewa Gelshan I , Chey Yu C J , Gierus Luke , Piltz Sandra , Geiger Ashleigh , Jain Yatish , Reti Daniel , Wilson Laurence O W , Bauer Denis C , Thomas Paul Q 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecise genomic modification using prime editing (PE) holds enormous potential for research and clinical applications. In this study, we generated all-in-one prime editing (PEA1) constructs that carry all the components required for PE, along with a selection marker. We tested these constructs (with selection) in HEK293T, K562, HeLa and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We discovered that PE efficiency in HEK293T cells was much higher than previously observed, reaching up to 95% (mean 67%). The efficiency in K562 and HeLa cells, however, remained low. To improve PE efficiency in K562 and HeLa, we generated a nuclease prime editor and tested this system in these cell lines as well as mouse ES cells. PE-nuclease greatly increased prime editing initiation, however, installation of the intended edits was often accompanied by extra insertions derived from the repair template. Finally, we show that zygotic injection of the nuclease prime editor can generate correct modifications in mouse fetuses with up to 100% efficiency.
A standard knockout procedure alters expression of adjacent loci at the translational level
Authors: Egorov Artyom A , Alexandrov Alexander I , Urakov Valery N , Makeeva Desislava S , Edakin Roman O , Kushchenko Artem S , Gladyshev Vadim N , Kulakovskiy Ivan V , Dmitriev Sergey E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene deletion collection is widely used for functional gene annotation and genetic interaction analyses. However, the standard G418-resistance cassette used to produce knockout mutants delivers strong regulatory elements into the target genetic loci. To date, its side effects on the expression of neighboring genes have never been systematically assessed. Here, using ribosome profiling data, RT-qPCR, and reporter expression, we investigated perturbations induced by the KanMX module. Our analysis revealed significant alterations in the transcription efficiency of neighboring genes and, more importantly, severe impairment of their mRNA translation, leading to changes in protein abundance. In the ‘head-to-head’ orientation of the deleted and neighboring genes, knockout often led to a shift of the transcription start site of the latter, introducing new uAUG codon(s) into the expanded 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR). In the ‘tail-to-tail’ arrangement, knockout led to activation of alternative polyadenylation signals in the neighboring gene, thus altering its 3′ UTR. These events may explain the so-called neighboring gene effect (NGE), i.e. false genetic interactions of the deleted genes. We estimate that in as much as ∼1/5 of knockout strains the expression of neighboring genes may be substantially (&gt;2-fold) deregulated at the level of translation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mapping of Brain Tumor Burden: Clinical Implications for Neurosurgical Management: Case Report
Authors: Connelly Jennifer M , Prah Melissa A , Santos-Pinheiro Fernando , Mueller Wade , Cochran Elizabeth , Schmainda Kathleen M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Distinction of brain tumor progression from treatment effect on postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an ongoing challenge in the management of brain tumor patients. A newly emerging MRI biomarker called fractional tumor burden (FTB) has demonstrated the ability to spatially distinguish high-grade brain tumor from treatment effect with important implications for surgical management and pathological diagnosis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 58-yr-old male with glioblastoma was treated with standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after initial resection. Throughout follow-up imaging, the distinction of tumor progression from treatment effect was of concern. The surgical report from a redo resection indicated recurrent glioblastoma, while the tissue sent for pathological diagnosis revealed no tumor. Presurgical FTB maps confirmed the spatial variation of tumor and treatment effect within the contrast-agent enhancing lesion. Unresected lesion, shown to be an active tumor on FTB, was the site of substantial tumor growth postresection.

CONCLUSION
This case report introduces the idea that a newly developed MRI biomarker, FTB, can provide information of tremendous benefit for surgical management, pathological diagnosis as well as subsequent treatment management decisions in high-grade glioma.
Comparison Between Conventional Flash and Off-Response Intraoperative Visual Evoked Potential Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Hardian Ridzky Firmansyah , Ogiwara Toshihiro , Sato Atsushi , Fujii Yu , Suzuki Yota , Hanaoka Yoshiki , Miyata Maki , Kamiya Keisuke , Sasaki Tetsuo , Goto Tetsuya , Hongo Kazuhiro , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative flash stimulation visual evoked potential (VEP) monitoring has been used for endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Recently, off-response VEP, which is recorded when the light stimulus is turned off, was introduced to monitor visual function intraoperatively.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate off-response VEP monitoring in comparison with the conventional flash stimulation VEP monitoring for EEA.

METHODS
From March 2015 to March 2020, 70 EEA surgeries with intraoperative VEP monitoring (140 eyes) were performed. Light stimuli were delivered by a pair of goggle electrodes. Recording electrodes were placed on the scalp over the occipital region. The warning signal was prompted by a reduction of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the VEP by more than 50% compared to the initial amplitude. Visual function was assessed pre- and postoperatively. Results of flash and off-response VEP monitoring were compared.

RESULTS
VEP was recorded in 134 eyes. Warning signal occurred in 23 eyes (transient in 17 eyes and permanent in 6 eyes). Two eyes showed permanent VEP attenuation for flash VEP monitoring, in which one patient had postoperative visual function deterioration. Four eyes showed permanent VEP attenuation for off-response VEP monitoring, where 2 patients had postoperative visual function deterioration. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 98.9%, 50%, and 100%, respectively, for flash stimulation VEP, and 100%, 97.8%, 50%, and 100%, respectively, for off-response VEP.

CONCLUSION
VEP monitoring was useful to monitor visual function in EEA surgery. Off-response VEP monitoring was not inferior to conventional flash stimulation VEP monitoring.
Parliaments Facing the Virtual Challenge: A Conceptual Approach for New Models of Representation
Authors: Mencarelli Alberto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically accelerated digital transformations in all spheres of public and private life, providing a strong incentive also for parliaments to adopt digital and remote working methods. The entry of the virtual paradigm into parliamentary work is part of a scenario already marked by a crisis of the traditional political representation model, also as a consequence of the disintermediation phenomena induced by the digital revolution. This article aims at investigating some conceptual links between the crisis of parliamentary representation and the digital transition and at analysing pros and cons of virtual/hybrid parliamentary proceedings and investigating with a non-empirical approach some potential systemic effects that could derive from maintaining them even after the current pandemic is over. Finally, the article suggests that the virtual challenge could encourage the evolution of parliaments towards new hybrid and network-based representation models which might help in providing a new centrality to legislatures in 21st century democratic systems.
Clump-scale chemistry in the NGC 2264-D cluster-forming region
Authors: Taniguchi Kotomi , Plunkett Adele , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Saito Masao , Nakamura Fumitaka , Herbst Eric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We have conducted mapping observations toward the n3 and n5 positions in the NGC 2264-D cluster-forming region with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. Observations with a 10000 au scale beam reveal the chemical composition at the clump scale. The spatial distributions of the observed low upper-state-energy lines of CH3OH are similar to those of CS and SO, and the HC3N emission seems to be predominantly associated with clumps containing young stellar objects. The turbulent gas induced by the star formation activities produces large-scale shock regions in NGC 2264-D, which are traced by the CH3OH, CS, and SO emissions. We derive the HC3N, CH3CN, and CH3CHO abundances with respect to CH3OH. Compared to the n5 field, the n3 field is farther (in projected apparent distance) from the neighboring NGC 2264-C, yet the chemical composition in the n3 field tends to be similar to that of the protostellar candidate CMM3 in NGC 2264-C. The HC3N$/$CH3OH ratios in the n3 field are higher than those in the n5 field. We find an anti-correlation between the HC3N$/$CH3OH ratio and their excitation temperatures. The low HC3N$/$CH3OH abundance ratio at the n5 field implies that the n5 field is an environment with more active star formation compared with the n3 field.
Voluntary Regulation: Evidence from Medicare Payment Reform
Authors: Einav Liran , Finkelstein Amy , Ji Yunan , Mahoney Neale 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGovernment programs are often offered on an optional basis to market participants. We explore the economics of such voluntary regulation in the context of a Medicare payment reform, in which one medical provider receives a single, predetermined payment for a sequence of related healthcare services, instead of separate service-specific payments. This “bundled payment” program was originally implemented as a five-year randomized trial, with mandatory participation by hospitals assigned to the new payment model; however, after two years, participation was made voluntary for half of these hospitals. Using detailed claim-level data, we document that voluntary participation is more likely for hospitals that can increase revenue without changing behavior (“selection on levels”) and for hospitals that had large changes in behavior when participation was mandatory (“selection on slopes”). To assess outcomes under counterfactual regimes, we estimate a stylized model of responsiveness to and selection into the program. We find that the current voluntary regime generates inefficient transfers to hospitals, and that alternative (feasible) designs could reduce these inefficient transfers and raise welfare. Our analysis highlights key design elements to consider under voluntary regulation.