bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water exchange rate across the blood‐brain barrier is associated with CSF amyloid‐β 42 in healthy older adults
Authors: Gold Brian T. , Shao Xingfeng , Sudduth Tiffany L. , Jicha Gregory A. , Wilcock Donna M. , Seago Elayna R. , Wang Danny J.J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe tested if water exchange across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), estimated with a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuropsychological function.MethodsForty cognitively normal older adults (67–86 years old) were scanned with diffusion‐prepared, arterial spin labeling (DP‐ASL), which estimates water exchange rate across the BBB (kw). Participants also underwent CSF draw and neuropsychological testing. Multiple linear regression models were run with kwas a predictor of CSF concentrations and neuropsychological scores.ResultsIn multiple brain regions, BBB kwwas positively associated with CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 concentration levels. BBB kwwas only moderately associated with neuropsychological performance.DiscussionOur results suggest that low water exchange rate across the BBB is associated with low CSF Aβ42 concentration. These findings suggest that kwmay be a promising noninvasive indicator of BBB Aβ clearance functions, a possibility which should be further tested in future research.
Evaluation of bleeding control course for health‐care providers in Japan
Authors: Morishita Koji , Matsushima Kazuhide , Benitez Yanez , Ito Kaori , Inoue Satoshi , Okada Kazuya , Hondo Kenichi , Kato Nagisa , Yagi Masayuki , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AimThe Bleeding Control Basic (BCon) course was developed by the American College of Surgeons to teach laypeople and health‐care providers (HCPs) how to stop life‐threatening bleeding. The first BCon course in Japan was held for HCPs in July 2018. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of the course, the satisfaction and confidence level of the HCPs that participated, and their experience with using vascular tourniquets.MethodThe BCon participants were asked to complete a survey after the BCon courses from December 2018 to December 2019. These participants included different types of HCPs (physicians, nurses, and emergency medical technicians). After the course, the participants were asked to evaluate: (i) the perceived utility of the course, (ii) their satisfaction with the course, (iii) their confidence in the techniques that they learned in the course, (iv) their experience of using tourniquets in eight specific areas using a 10‐point Likert scale.ResultsA total of 163 HCPs, including 108 physicians, 27 nurses, and 28 emergency medical technicians completed the BCon course. The respondents rated the course highly, showing an average value of approximately 9 for each item for perceived utility, satisfaction, confidence, and experience in using tourniquets. In particular, nurses rated the overall activity more highly than physicians (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe BCon course and tourniquets were well‐received by all types of HCPs in Japan.
Reality of traffic injuries attributable to preceding decreased level of consciousness
Authors: Oda Yuya , Motomura Tomokazu , Matsumoto Hisashi 
Published: May 2021

AimAlthough decreased level of consciousness (DLOC) while driving may lead to serious accidents involving drivers and people around them, including passengers and pedestrians, few studies have assessed traffic injuries attributable to preceding DLOC. We aimed to identify factors suggestive of a DLOC preceding traffic injury during initial examination.MethodsThis study included 193 drivers who were brought to our facility during the 1‐year period from January to December 2018. The drivers were divided into those with and without DLOC for comparison and analysis. Data on age, sex, causes of DLOC, and medical history were retrospectively reviewed from medical records.ResultsOf these 193 drivers, 58 (30.1%) had experienced preceding DLOC. The following factors suggested possible episodes of preceding DLOC: a single‐vehicle accident (odds ratio [OR] 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–7.34; P < 0.001) and histories of hypertension (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.13–6.15; P = 0.0248) and psychiatric disorders (OR 3.49; 95% CI 1.08–11.3; P = 0.0370). The causes of DLOC were endogenous diseases in 20 drivers (34.3%), dozing off episodes in 19 (32.8%), and acute alcohol intoxication in 11 (19.0%).ConclusionBefore traffic accidents, 30.1% of drivers experienced DLOC. Single‐vehicle accidents and histories of hypertension and psychiatric disorders were factors suggestive of preceding DLOC.
Temporary Singularities and Axions: An Analytic Solution that Challenges Charge Conservation
Authors: Gratus Jonathan , Kinsler Paul , McCall Martin W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn analytic solution for electromagnetic fields interacting with an axion field that violates global charge conservation is constructed. Despite providing a specific example where “physics breaks down” at a singularity, it nevertheless demonstrates that the physical laws on the surrounding spacetime still impose constraints on what is allowed to happen. The construction is valid for a spacetime containing a temporary singularity and a Maxwellian electrodynamics containing a proposed “topological” axion field. Further, the concepts of transformation optics can be applied to show that our specific mathematical solution has a much wider applicability.
Investigation of 3D printing strategy on the mechanical performance of coextruded continuous carbon fiber reinforced PETG
Authors: Kasmi Samir , Ginoux Geoffrey , Allaoui Samir , Alix Sébastien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) has been used to create prototypes and functional parts for various applications using plastic filaments. It has also been extended to the use of continuous fibers for reinforcing thermoplastic polymers. This study aims to optimize the deposition design of a coextruded continuous carbon fiber (CCF) composite filament with a polyethylene terephthalate glycol‐modified (PETG) filament. The characterizations on the raw materials revealed that the matrix polymer in CCF composite filament had similar physicochemical properties as PETG, and carbon fibers were homogeneously distributed in CCF filament. The effect of raster orientation and shells number on the mechanical properties of non‐reinforced and coextruded CCF‐reinforced PETG was investigated. The highest mechanical properties were obtained at a raster orientation of 0° for both reinforced and non‐reinforced materials. With the increase of raster orientation, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength decreased. The presence of shells improved the tensile strength of non‐reinforced PETG. For composite samples printed with unreinforced shells, Young's modulus decreased due to decrease in fibers content, and elongation at break and ultimate tensile strength increased. Tomographic observations showed that the mechanical behavior of printed specimens depended on the anisotropy of porosity in printed specimens.
Aquatic macroinvertebrates from littoral vegetated lakes in arid Patagonia: The influence of fish introduction on community structure
Authors: Lopez María Eugenia , Saad Juan , Izaguirre Irina , Marinone María Cristina , Fontanarrosa María Soledad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Wetlands in arid regions are characterized by their great heterogeneity, often including endemic species that contribute to regional aquatic biodiversity. In the Patagonian steppe, most lakes are naturally fishless and sustain a rich aquatic biodiversity, including endemics; however, many of these lakes have been stocked with Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) during recent decades. The introduction of predatory fish into aquatic ecosystems naturally devoid of these organisms can produce profound alterations in the structure of the original communities and in the configuration of their biotic assemblages.
Aquatic invertebrates play important roles in both the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems, including their contribution to global biodiversity and their cascading effects across ecosystem boundaries.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of introduced non‐native fish on the pleustonic macroinvertebrate assemblage. Samples were taken from 10 shallow Patagonian lakes (five fishless and five stocked with fish) in two consecutive warm periods.
Lakes with fish had higher conductivity and phosphate values. Higher inter‐annual differences were also observed in lakes with fish for phytoplanktonic chlorophyll a, nitrate, phosphate, conductivity, and water temperature.
The community structure (relative abundance of different taxa, species composition, and diversity index) was affected by the presence of rainbow trout, with the differences mainly driven by the relative abundance of Ostracoda, Hyalella, Chironomidae, and Haliplus species.
This approach can be used to assess the required conservation actions in shallow Patagonian steppe lakes, which have been listed as priority areas for waterbird conservation. Specifically, this study provides a baseline for monitoring future trends of the macroinvertebrate communities and for evaluating conservation and management efforts over time.
Output feedback stabilization of a first‐order hyperbolic equation with multi‐point nonlocal term
Authors: Hu Qing‐Qing , Jin Feng‐Fei , Yan Baoqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the output feedback stabilization of a first‐order hyperbolic equation with multi‐point nonlocal term by boundary control. First of all, we utilize the backstepping method to design a boundary state feedback controller. On the basis of equivalence of original and target system, we guarantee the exponential stability of closed‐loop system. Hereafter, the output feedback control in the light of an infinite‐dimensional observer is constructed. We demonstrate that the resulting closed‐loop system is exponentially stable via operator semigroup theory. Finally, we display the validity of the proposed controller by some numerical simulations.
Application of experimental design in HPLC method optimization and robustness for the simultaneous determination of canagliflozin, empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin in tablet
Authors: Moussa Bahia Abbas , Mahrouse Marianne Alphonse , Fawzy Michael Gamal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGliflozins and gliptins represent two different pharmacological drug classes that exert different and potentially complementary glucose‐lowering effect in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. A novel, selective, and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of canagliflozin, empaglifozin, linagliptin, and metformin in pure form, in laboratory prepared mixtures, and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Experimental design optimization was applied by using Plackett–Burman and face‐centered composite designs to achieve the best resolution with minimum experimental trials. Three significant variables affecting optimization, namely buffer pH, percentage of methanol, and percentage of acetonitrile, were studied. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Agilent Eclipse C8 column, and column temperature was kept at 45°C. The mobile phase was composed of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (0.05 M, adjusted to pH 6 using o‐phosphoric acid):acetonitrile:methanol (50:25:25, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Sharp and well‐resolved peaks of the cited drugs were obtained. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity and robustness in agreement with the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q2 (R1). Satisfactory results were obtained by the analysis of tablets through applying the developed method. Therefore, it could be performed for the analysis of the cited drugs in quality control laboratories.
Long noncoding RNA LOC100911498 is a novel regulator of neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Tang Wenxin , Zhang Lufeng , Li Zhisong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeuropathic pain (NP) is the most debilitating of all clinical pain syndromes and may be a consequence of dysfunction in the somatosensory nervous system. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of NP is not fully understood yet and it cannot be cured totally. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA molecule greater than 200 nucleotides, and dysregulated expression of lncRNAs play a critical role in the facilitation of NP. Previous study showed the expression level of LOC100911498 in the spinal cords of spared nerve injury (SNI) rats were increased. This research was aimed at exploring what role LOC100911498 plays in the pathophysiological process of NP.MethodsThe mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats was measured by the von Frey test. The expression levels of P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba‐1), p‐p38 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in spinal cords were detected, respectively.ResultsOur results suggested that the level of LOC100911498 in SNI rats was markedly higher than that in the sham group; the MWT values in rats were treated with LOC100911498siRNA were increased, and the expression levels of P2X4R, Iba‐1, p‐p38 and BDNF in SNI+ LOC100911498siRNA group were reduced compared with those in the SNI group.ConclusionOur study indicated the effects lncRNA LOC100911498 siRNA exerted on NP were mediated by P2X4R on microglia in the spinal cords of rats. Further, LOC100911498 may be a novel positive regulator of NP by regulating the expression and function of the P2X4R.
Depression and anxiety symptoms are related to pain and frailty but not cognition or delirium in older surgical patients
Authors: Wang Sophia , Cardieri Brielle , Mo Lin Hung , Liu Xiaoyu , Sano Mary , Deiner Stacie G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn community dwelling older adults, depression and anxiety symptoms can be associated with early cognitive decline. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in older adults prior to surgery. However, their significance is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether preoperative depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) and in‐hospital delirium, in older surgical patients.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a cohort study of patients 65 and older undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to screen for depression and anxiety symptoms at a home visit prior to surgery and 3 months after surgery. Patients with a history of psychiatric (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) or neurologic disorder (Parkinson's disease and stroke) were excluded from the parent study.ResultsOut of the 167 patients, 9.6% (n = 16) reported significant depressive symptoms and 21.6% (n = 36) reported significant anxiety symptoms on preoperative screening. There was no association between preoperative or new‐onset postoperative depression and anxiety symptoms and the incidence of delirium or POCD three months after surgery. Patients with preoperative depressive symptoms had higher preoperative pain (scores 69 vs. 35.7, p = .002) and frailty (56 vs. 14.6, p <.001).ConclusionIn our cohort, we did not detect an association between preoperative depression and anxiety symptoms and neurocognitive disorders. Preoperative depression and anxiety symptoms were related to physical pain and frailty. Taken together, these suggest that in patients without a formal psychiatric diagnosis, preoperative depression and anxiety symptoms are related to physical state rather than a harbinger of early cognitive decline. Future studies are needed to understand the nature of the relationship between depression and anxiety symptoms and physical state in surgical patients.
MRPL15 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Haoya , Zou Ruoyao , Li Feifei , Liu Jiyu , Luan Nannan , Wang Shengke , Zhu Liancheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the role of six human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)‐related mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in ovarian cancer and selected MRPL15, which is most closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of ovarian cancer, for further analyses.MethodsUsing STRING database and MCODE plugin in Cytoscape, six MRPs were identified among genes that are upregulated in response to HE4 overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer, GTEX, Oncomine, and TISIDB were used to analyze the expression of the six MRPs. The prognostic impact and genetic variation of these six MRPs in ovarian cancer were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier Plotter and cBioPortal, respectively. MRPL15 was selected for immunohistochemistry and GEO verification. TCGA ovarian cancer data, gene set enrichment analysis, and Enrichr were used to explore the mechanism of MRPL15 in ovarian cancer. Finally, the relationship between MRPL15 expression and immune subtype, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, and immune regulatory factors was analyzed using TCGA ovarian cancer data and TISIDB.ResultsSix MRPs (MRPL10, MRPL15, MRPL36, MRPL39, MRPS16, and MRPS31) related to HE4 in ovarian cancer were selected. MRPL15 was highly expressed and amplified in ovarian cancer and was related to the poor prognosis of patients. Mechanism analysis indicated that MRPL15 plays a role in ovarian cancer through pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, and mTOR 1 signaling. High expression of MRPL15 in ovarian cancer may be associated with its amplification and hypomethylation. Additionally, MRPL15 showed the lowest expression in C3 ovarian cancer and was correlated with proliferation of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells as well as TGFβR1 and IDO1 expression.ConclusionMRPL15 may be a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Because of its close correlation with HE4, this study provides insights into the mechanism of HE4 in ovarian cancer.
Is Gender Equality Still an Issue? Gender (Im)balances in STEM
Authors: Rosenthal Katrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, considerable efforts have been made to support women to study and work in STEM fields. Nevertheless, inequalities remain, and women are clearly underrepresented in STEM. There is still a pervasive issue with the retention and progression of women in academia. How big is this problem actually, how can we promote diversity, equality and inclusion in academia, and how can we counteract unconscious bias?
Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering
Authors: Bi Pengqing , Zhang Shaoqing , Wang Jingwen , Ren Junzhen , Hou Jianhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have been developed for few decades since the preparation of the first photovoltaic device, and the record power conversion efficiency (PCE) certified by national renewable energy laboratory (NREL) has exceeded 17%. Looking back the whole history of OSCs, its rapid development is inseparable from multi‐disciplinary efforts, including the new materials synthesizing, the device physics, and the device engineering, especially the breakthroughs in these disciplines. In this review, we are aiming at reviewing the history of the development of OSCs and summarizing the representative breakthroughs.
DNA methylation‐based profiling of bone and soft tissue tumours: a validation study of the ‘DKFZ Sarcoma Classifier’
Authors: Lyskjær Iben , De Noon Solange , Tirabosco Roberto , Rocha Ana Maia , Lindsay Daniel , Amary Fernanda , Ye Hongtao , Schrimpf Daniel , Stichel Damian , Sill Martin , Koelsche Christian , Pillay Nischalan , Von Deimling Andreas , Beck Stephan , Flanagan Adrienne M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiagnosing bone and soft tissue neoplasms remains challenging because of the large number of subtypes, many of which lack diagnostic biomarkers. DNA methylation profiles have proven to be a reliable basis for the classification of brain tumours and, following this success, a DNA methylation‐based sarcoma classification tool from the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) in Heidelberg has been developed. In this study, we assessed the performance of their classifier on DNA methylation profiles of an independent data set of 986 bone and soft tissue tumours and controls. We found that the ‘DKFZ Sarcoma Classifier’ was able to produce a diagnostic prediction for 55% of the 986 samples, with 83% of these predictions concordant with the histological diagnosis. On limiting the validation to the 820 cases with histological diagnoses for which the DKFZ Classifier was trained, 61% of cases received a prediction, and the histological diagnosis was concordant with the predicted methylation class in 88% of these cases, findings comparable to those reported in the DKFZ Classifier paper. The classifier performed best when diagnosing mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (CHSs, 88% sensitivity), chordomas (85% sensitivity), and fibrous dysplasia (83% sensitivity). Amongst the subtypes least often classified correctly were clear cell CHSs (14% sensitivity), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (27% sensitivity), and pleomorphic liposarcomas (29% sensitivity). The classifier predictions resulted in revision of the histological diagnosis in six of our cases. We observed that, although a higher tumour purity resulted in a greater likelihood of a prediction being made, it did not correlate with classifier accuracy. Our results show that the DKFZ Classifier represents a powerful research tool for exploring the pathogenesis of sarcoma; with refinement, it has the potential to be a valuable diagnostic tool.
Use of the prostate‐specific antigen test in the U.S. for men age 30 to 64 in 2011 to 2017 using a large commercial claims database: Implications for practice interventions
Authors: Shahangian Shahram , Sharma Krishna P. , Fan Lin , Siegel David A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGiven the public health relevance of PSA‐based screening, various professional organizations have issued recommendations on the use of the PSA test to screen for prostate cancer in different age groups.AimUsing a large commercial claims database, we aimed to determine the most recent rates of PSA testing for privately insured men age 30 to 64 in the context of screening recommendations.Methods and ResultsData from employer plans were from MarketScan commercial claims database. Annual PSA testing rate was the proportion of men with ≥1 paid test(s) per 12 months of continuous enrollment. Men with diagnosis of any prostate‐related condition were excluded. Annual percent change (APC) in PSA test use was estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. In 2011 to 2017, annual testing rate encompassing 5.02 to 5.53 million men was approximately 1.4%, age 30 to 34; 3.4% to 4.1%, age 35 to 39; 11% to 13%, age 40 to 44; 18% to 21%, age 45 to 49; 31% to 33%, age 50 to 54; 35% to 37%, age 55 to 59; and 38% to 41%, age 60 to 64. APC for 2011 to 2017 was −0.5% (P = .11), age 30 to 34; −3.0% (P = .001), age 35‐39; −3.1% (P < .001), age 40 to 44; −2.4% (P = .001), age 45 to 49; −0.2% (P = .66), age 50 to 54; 0.0% (P = .997), age 55 to 59; and −3.3% (P = .054) from 2011 to 2013 and 1.2% (P = .045) from 2013 to 2017, age 60 to 64. PSA testing rate decreased from 2011 to 2017 for age groups between 35 and 49 by 13.4% to 16.9%.ConclusionsBased on these data, PSA testing rate has modestly decreased from 2011 to 2017. These results, however, should be considered in view of the limitation that MarketScan claims data may not be equated to actual PSA testing practices in the entire U.S. population age 30 to 64. Future research should be directed to understand why clinicians continue ordering PSA test for men younger than 50.