bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What drives companies to do good? A “universal” ordering of corporate social responsibility motivations
Authors: Lim Alwyn , Pope Shawn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe classic question of why companies do corporate social responsibility (CSR) is central to much theoretical, regression‐based, and experimental research. Guiding research into this question is a tripartite schema of normative, instrumental, and political CSR motivations that has become increasingly established in the CSR literature. This paper challenges the schema's status as a typology of equally plausible alternatives through an integration and analysis of a worldwide literature of 120 existing academic surveys on CSR motivation. Rather, the paper reformulates the schema into a surveyed ordering of CSR motivations that might be called “universal” in having remarkable stability across time periods, industries, company sizes, geographic regions, question formats, types of survey respondents, and types of survey producers. The paper challenges the schema also by documenting robust internal heterogeneity that it conceals, particularly where instrumental motivations are concerned, which are among the most and least self‐selected CSR motivations in our results.
Aminonaphthalimide‐Based Molecular Cathode Interlayers for As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yong , Liu Yang , Liu Xiaojie , Kang Xiao , Yu Liangmin , Dai Shuixing , Sun Mingliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of imide‐based small molecules, namely NA, NAA, and NEA with simple structures, were designed and synthesized by introducing different amine side‐chains into the benzene unit of imide, which were used as cathode interfacial materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). The amine side‐chain substitution positions were systematically investigated with these small‐molecule imides. Compared with NA without amide chains‐NAA, and NEA, with 3‐dimethylaminopropylamine and ethylenediamine chains, respectively‐show bathochromic shifts in absorption, decreased band gaps, and higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.04 % was obtained with the NEA‐based as‐cast OSCs with a high open‐circuit voltage and fill factor for PM6 : Y6 blend and the maximum PCE of 15.80 % was reached for as‐cast PM6 : Y6 : IT‐M ternary OSCs. NEA exhibits better conductivity, higher electron mobility, and stronger the capability of lower work function of cathode among three molecules, affording OSCs with better photovoltaic performance. Additionally, these three molecules show excellent thermal stability both in solution and in films at 150 °C. The results indicate that imide‐based small molecules are promising cathode interfacial materials for commercial OSCs.
Effect of the controlled‐atmosphere helium plasma jet on chemical modification of glycated enzymatic protein
Authors: Rezaeinezhad Alireza , Mirmiranpour Hossein , Ghomi Hamid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the native and glycated glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) as the key antioxidant enzyme. We evaluate the role of reactive species, that is, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, in the chemical modifications of proteins through controlling the surrounding gas of the helium plasma jet. The results show CAP has a great effect on both the structure and function of glycated GPx such that after a 600 s plasma treatment at 20 mm distance, enzymatic activity increases up about 51, 30, 25, and 2% for oxygen, air, argon, and nitrogen surrounding gas, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopies have been used for monitoring the structural and conformational alteration, and enzymatic activity measurement has also been performed as function analysis. The Maillard‐related fluorescence of glycated protein is quenched after the CAP treatment, and CD spectra of secondary structure are shifted toward the native GPx. The findings of the present study represent a significant first step in the modification of glycated proteins by plasma for biomedical applications in diabetes treatment.
Gudgeon fish with and without genetically determined countershading coexist in heterogeneous littoral environments of an ancient lake
Authors: Kokita Tomoyuki , Ueno Kohtaro , Yamasaki Yo Y. , Matsuda Masanari , Tabata Ryoichi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Mishina Tappei , Watanabe Katsutoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCountershading, characterized by a darker dorsal surface and lighter ventral surface, is common among many animals. This dorsoventral pigment polarity is often thought to be adaptive coloration for camouflage. By contrast, noncountershaded (melanistic) morphs often occur within a species due to genetic color polymorphism in terrestrial animals. However, the polymorphism with either countershaded or melanistic morphs is poorly known in wild aquatic animals. This study explored the genetic nature of diverged color morphs of a lineage of gudgeon fish (genus Sarcocheilichthys) in the ancient Lake Biwa and propose this system as a novel model for testing hypotheses of functional aspects of countershading and its loss in aquatic environments. This system harbors two color morphs that have been treated taxonomically as separate species; Sarcocheilichthys variegatus microoculus which occurs throughout the littoral zone and Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis which occurs in and around rocky areas. First, we confirmed that the divergence of dorsoventral color patterns between the two morphs is under strict genetic control at the levels of chromatophore distribution and melanin‐related gene expression under common garden rearing. The former morph displayed sharp countershading coloration, whereas the latter morph exhibited a strong tendency toward its loss. The crossing results indicated that this divergence was likely controlled by a single locus in a two‐allele Mendelian inheritance pattern. Furthermore, our population genomic and genome‐wide association study analyses detected no genome‐wide divergence between the two morphs, except for one region near a locus that may be associated with the color divergence. Thus, these morphs are either in a state of intraspecific color polymorphism or two incipient species. Evolutionary forces underlying this polymorphism appear to be associated with heterogeneous littoral environments in this lake. Future ecological genomic research will provide insight into adaptive functions of this widespread coloration, including the eco‐evolutionary drivers of its loss, in the aquatic world.
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects on riparian plant species occurrence and encroachment: Remote sensing of 360 km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon
Authors: Durning Laura E. , Sankey Joel B. , Yackulic Charles B. , Grams Paul E. , Butterfield Bradley J. , Sankey Temuulen T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA common impact on riparian ecosystem function following river regulation is the expansion and encroachment of riparian plant species in the active river channels and floodplain, which reduces flow of water and suspended sediment between the river, riparian area and upland ecosystems. We characterised riparian plant species occurrence and quantified encroachment within the dam‐regulated Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. We mapped 10 riparian species with high‐resolution multispectral imagery and examined effects of river hydrology and geomorphology on the spatial distribution of plant species and open sand. Analysis spanned an image time series from 2002 to 2009 to 2013, a period when plant species and sand were spatially dynamic and operations of Glen Canyon Dam included daily hydro‐peaking and small episodic controlled flood releases. Plant species occurrence and encroachment rates varied with hydrology, geomorphology and local species pool. Encroachment was greatest on surfaces frequently inundated by hydro‐peaking. Seep willow (Baccharis spp.), tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) were the primary encroaching woody species. Common reed (Phragmites australis) and horsetail (Equisetum xferrissii) were the primary encroaching herbaceous species. Encroachment composition from 2002 to 2009 was similar to the entire riparian landscape, whereas encroachment from 2009 to 2013 primarily consisted of seep willow and early colonising herbaceous species. Emergence of seep willow and arrowweed after burial by sand deposited by controlled floods indicated that those species were resilient to this form of disturbance. Describing patterns of species encroachment is an important step towards designing flow regimes that favour riparian species and ecosystem functions valued by stakeholders.
Adjustable photothermal device induced by magnetic field for efficient solar‐driven desalination
Authors: Wang Yuchao , Tang Bo , Han Peng , Qi Guicun , Gao Dali , Pu Shengyan , Tao Shengyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, broad interest has arisen for solar‐driven evaporation, a promising technology for next‐generation desalination and sewage treatment. Efficient photothermal materials are the keys in solar‐driven evaporation systems, but they are usually involved in tedious preparation and easy damage. Herein, a magnet‐dominated photothermal device (MPD) with spiny surface has been developed by the direct assembly of magnetic nanoparticles in action of magnetic field. Such one‐step fabrication of photothermal layer avoids the use of harmful reagent and the consumption of pure water. The adjustable spiny morphology not only benefits to the light absorption via multiple reflection, but can facilely recover from damage. Water evaporation under solar irradiation can be accelerated by MPD to over 1.70 kg m−2 h−1, and keeps stable in a long‐term desalination. Without complex fabrication and high price, MPD could be considered as a rewarding attempt for the development of novel photothermal materials in water purification.image
Effects of two contrasting dietary polysaccharides and tannic acid on the digestive and physicochemical properties of wheat starch
Authors: He Juncheng , Zeng Lirong , Gong Junan , He Yalun , Liu Xiong , Zhang Ling , Xu Na , Wang Qiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, konjac glucomannan, κ‐carrageenan, and tannic acid were selected to study the effects of different combinations on the in vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties of wheat starch. Results showed that the addition of konjac glucomannan, κ‐carrageenan, and tannic acid could decrease the digestion of starch and increase the content of resistant starch. Besides, the two polysaccharides weakened the extent of tannic acid on starch digestion. Moreover, although the two polysaccharides had different effects on the in vitro digestion of starch, they had no significant increase in the content of resistant starch. DSC and XRD results demonstrated that the polysaccharides and tannic acid showed synergistic effects on the rebuilding of starch microstructure. FTIR results further manifested that κ‐carrageenan and konjac glucomannan could significantly increase the strength of hydrogen bonds in starch. At the same time, the addition of tannic acid would weaken the molecular interaction between polysaccharides and starch. SEM and CLSM results showed that tannic acid added to the polysaccharide–starch mixture not only interacted with starch but also influenced the structure of polysaccharide gel.
A novel and efficient method to induce allospecific CD8+ memory T lymphocytes
Authors: Yang Lei , Huang Qingyun , Fu Jianping , Lin Zhimin , Mao Qiqi , Zhao Lili , Gao Xingxin , Chen Songlin , Hua Guangzong , Li Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to establish a simple method for effectively inducing memory T lymphocytes by the intraperitoneal injection of spleen lymphocytes into mice. In total, 75 mice were divided into the following groups: an injection group administered three doses of spleen lymphocytes (1 × 106, 5 × 106, and 1 × 107 cells), a transplantation group in which a 0.25‐cm2 skin section from C57BL/6 mice was transplanted onto the back of the recipient, and a control group in which an equal volume of phosphate‐buffered saline was injected. At 1, 2, or 3 months following transplantation, the following parameters were evaluated: quantity of T lymphocytes, percentage of cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+) memory T cells, and proliferation index of purified CD8+ memory T cells. No significant differences among groups were detected at 1 month (p > .05). However, the injection group administered 1 × 106 cells exhibited the highest proportion of CD8+ memory T cells among all groups at 2 months, and the proportions of CD8+ T cells were higher in the three injection groups than in the skin transplantation and control groups at 3 months. The proportions of memory T cells were higher in the injection groups administered 5 × 106 or 1 × 107 cells than in the skin transplantation and control groups at 3 months. The newly established method effectively induces memory T lymphocytes via the intraperitoneal injection of spleen lymphocytes in vivo and has potential applications in the field of immunotherapy.
Isolation, optimized extraction, and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array method for quantitative analysis of chiratol in Swertia paniculata
Authors: Ahluwalia Vivek , Pandey Nishant , Mishra Bhuwan B. , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe global natural product‐based industry is growing fast with the introduction of new phytochemicals and herbal extract products from different geographical regions. Swertia paniculata is a well‐known plant with medicinal properties; however, the quality control for its major phytochemical constituents from the Himalayan geographical region is nevertheless reported. Therefore, the first objective of this investigation was to characterize and optimize the extraction process while the second objective was to validate a quantitative analytical method for chiratol from S. paniculata herbal extract. The chiratol was characterized with spectral analysis. The optimum extraction condition for the highest yield of metabolite was realized in chloroform as a solvent system under ultrasonication. The ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection method for analytical quantification was validated for specificity, linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantification, precision, repeatability, recovery, and robustness using Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.5 μm id). The gradient elution of water/acetonitrile as mobile phase was used at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The recovery percentage was very satisfactory with values within specification. The robustness parameters showed no substantial influence of evaluated parameters by the Youden test. The developed method was ascertained to be appropriate for the proposed purpose.
Publons as a source of high volume, poorly targeted reviewer requests: The need for better standards of practice by publishers
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: August 2021

Key points
It has become increasingly difficult for journal editors to find reviewers, while researchers are receiving increasing requests to be reviewers.
Publons is used by some editors to identify potential reviewers, but may be a source of a high volume of sometimes poorly targeted requests.
By systematically turning on and off his availability to be a reviewer in Publons, the author was able to show that it is a major source of the large number and sometimes inappropriate requests he received.
Automatically generated reviewer suggestions need to be intelligently vetted by editors to avoid overwhelming potential reviewers.
The academic publishing industry could usefully develop professional standards of good practice for reviewer selection.
ThePreparation of Electrospun PVDF/TBAC Multimorphology Nanofiber Membrane and Its Application in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhou Yuqi , Shen Ying , Wang Lanlan , Li Dawei , Liu Qingsheng , Deng Bingyao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicroporous membrane with a hydrophobic surface, high porosity, and narrow pore size distribution is the ideal membrane distillation (MD) membrane. The electrospun membranes for MD are a new type and effective way to seawater desalination. Herein, a novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) electrospun nanofiber membrane (ENMs) fabricated apply to for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Combine with the spinning condition, the characteristic and content of TBAC significant effect on the multimorphology structure of nanofiber. Therefore, the porous structure and morphology of PVDF/TBAC ENMs can be well‐designed by optimizing relative humidity and TBAC concentration in spinning process, three different structure nanofiber membranes are obtained. Lab‐scale setup is used to test membrane separation performance. The result indicates that the ultrafine ENMs with 0.025 mol L−1 TBAC presented a steady water flux of about 20.6 L m−2 h−1 and a high‐efficiency salt rejection rate of over 99%. PVDF/TBAC ENMs are expected to provide a solution for development of efficient water treatment membrane.
A dual‐band Wilkinson power divider based on open‐end slotline
Authors: Chen Zehui , Zhao Yongjiu , Liu Chao , Qi Wenjun , Chen Du , Ji Qinmeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA dual‐band Wilkinson power divider (WPD) based on open‐end slotline is presented. Compared with conventional dual‐band power dividers, only two transmission lines and a longitudinal slot with an isolation resistor are employed, which greatly decrease the complexity and profile of the device. The open‐end slotline physically separate even‐ and odd‐mode, as the microstrip on the top layer transmits even‐mode signal and the slotline on the bottom layer transmits the other. Then, even‐ and odd‐mode analyses are conducted with an equivalent circuit model to illustrate the physical insight of the proposed design. A WPD prototype operating at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. The fractional bandwidth of two operating band are 66.7% and 20.7% with the reference to −15 dB S11.
MULTI‐parametric MR imaging with fLEXible design (MULTIPLEX)
Authors: Ye Yongquan , Lyu Jingyuan , Hu Yichen , Zhang Zhongqi , Xu Jian , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo introduce a gradient echo (GRE) ‐based method, namely MULTIPLEX, for single‐scan 3D multi‐parametric MRI with high resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), accuracy, efficiency, and acquisition flexibility.TheoryWith a comprehensive design with dual‐repetition time (TR), dual flip angle (FA), multi‐echo, and optional flow modulation features, the MULTIPLEX signals contain information on radiofrequency (RF) B1t fields, proton density, T1, susceptibility and blood flows, facilitating multiple qualitative images and parametric maps.MethodsMULTIPLEX was evaluated on system phantom and human brains, via visual inspection for image contrasts and quality or quantitative evaluation via simulation, phantom scans and literature comparison. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis was performed on parametric maps of the system phantom and brain scans, extracting the mean and SD of the T1, , proton density (PD), and/or quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) values for comparison with reference values or literature.ResultsOne MULTIPLEX scan offers multiple sets of images, including but not limited to: composited PDW/T1W/W, aT1W, SWI, MRA (optional), B1t map, T1 map, / maps, PD map, and QSM. The quantitative error of phantom T1, and PD mapping were <5%, and those in brain scans were in good agreement with literature. MULTIPLEX scan times for high resolution (0.68 × 0.68 × 2 mm3) whole brain coverage were about 7.5 min, while processing times were <1 min. With flow modulation, additional MRA images can be obtained without affecting the quality or accuracy of other images.ConclusionThe proposed MUTLIPLEX method possesses great potential for multi‐parametric MR imaging.
Relaxivity‐iron calibration in hepatic iron overload: Reproducibility and extension of a Monte Carlo model
Authors: Wang Changqing , Reeder Scott B. , Hernando Diego 
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to reproduce relaxivity‐iron calibration in hepatic iron overload using a Monte Carlo model, and further extend the model with multiple spin echo (MSE) imaging. As previously reported, relationships between relaxation rates (
and single spin echo R2) and liver iron concentration (LIC) can be characterized by a Monte Carlo model incorporating realistic liver structure, iron distribution, and proton mobility. In this study, relaxivity‐iron calibration curves at 1.5 and 3.0 T were simulated using the Monte Carlo model. Furthermore, the model was extended with MSE imaging, and iron calibrations were evaluated using two different fitting models: mononexponential with a constant offset and nonmonoexponential. Results consistent with previous empirical calibrations and Monte Carlo predictions were accurately reproduced for relaxivity‐iron calibration. The predicted
and single spin echo R2 increased by a factor of 2.00 and 1.51, respectively, at 1.5 versus 3.0 T. MSE signals and their corresponding R2 depended strongly on LIC, interecho time, and field strength. Preliminary results showed that a nonmonoexponential model accurately characterizes the simulated MSE signals, and that strong correlations were found between predicted relaxation parameters and LIC. In conclusion, relaxivity‐iron calibration is reproducible using the proposed Monte Carlo model. Furthermore, this model can be readily extended to other important applications, including predicting signal behavior for MSE imaging.
Appetite loss, death anxiety and medical coping modes in COVID‐19 patients: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zeng Qiuxuan , Cao Huangliang , Ma Qing , Chen Jieya , Shi Haixia , Li Jiaying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the current level and associated factors of appetite and death anxiety amongst COVID‐19 patients and also to identify correlation between the two variables.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsDemographic and characteristic questionnaires, templer death anxiety scale, council on nutrition of appetite questionnaire and medical coping modes questionnaire were utilized.ResultsThe average scores of appetite and death anxiety were 19.46 (4.09) and 6.58, (3.21) respectively. 76 patients (100%) suffered from appetite loss, whilst 27 (35.50%) patients suffered from severe death anxiety. Marital status, COVID‐19 disease condition ranks, educational level and death anxiety were explained 55.20% of the total variance in the appetite regression model (F = 31.83, p < .001), whilst the gender, avoidance coping strategy and appetite level were explained 49.80% of the total variance in death anxiety model (F = 17.80, p < .001). A moderate negative correlation between appetite and death anxiety was also confirmed (r=−.55, p < .001).