bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-Transition Devices Based on Organic Mott Insulators
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Organic Mott-insulators are abundant among molecular conductors and are relevant to many emerging properties such as insulator-to-metal transitions, superconductivity, multiferroics, spin-liquids, and so on. In this review, phase transitions controlled by electric-field-induced carrier doping, strain-induced pressure effect, and light-induced carrier generation observed at a thin film single crystal surface of organic Mott-insulators are described. The control of electronic phases by external stimuli can give rise to a possibility of future application. At the same time, thermodynamic parameters can be tuned by those input signals to determine the system phase diagram, providing basic knowledge indispensable for Mott physics. Therefore, devices made of organic Mott-insulators can contribute to obtaining much information about Mott-transition and associated superconductivity, as well as the feasibility of application in future electronics.
Patient delay impact on breast cancer survival at Khartoum Referral Hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Elgoraish Amanda , Alnory Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Background: Breast cancer can be invasive and advanced at diagnosis causing enormous suffering and premature death. Delay to stage diagnosis and treatment is related to survival evaluation and several factors determine delay. The aim of the study was to examine predictor covariates associated with breast cancer delay and its impact on patient prognosis and survival. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at Khartoum Oncology Hospital. Participants were 411 breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated during the period 2016. Patients’ pathological and socio-demographic data were extracted from their medical files and delay data from telephone questionnaire survey and survival times calculated from follow-up. Fisher exact test, Cox and Logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between demographic, clinical and delay variables and survival outcome. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 50.07 years old and the majority were ≥45 years. Cancer delay analysis showed that there were different reasons for different types of delay but the majority of participants (86.2%) claimed fear of the disease and treatment and lack of information were real drivers of delay. The study confirmed the majority of participants expressed long delay estimated at 28.3 weeks and patient delay had a significant association with the advanced stage (P-value<0.05). The hazard ratio was four times for risk of dying from cancer for long delay compared to the short one. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest delays at diagnosis and treatment are more common steps leading to advanced stage at diagnosis and poor survival. Early detection of the disease provides tremendous opportunities for early diagnosis, effective treatment and high chances of survival.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Changes in Chemical Composition of Wooden Components: Part II—The Ancient Building of Danxia Temple
Authors: Yang Yan , Sun He , Yang Shuang , Sun Wenye , Zhao Ying , Li Bin , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Jiang Shilong , Xu Qian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To investigate the decay extent of wooden components in the ancient buildings of Danxia Temple, the absorption peak intensities, changes in chemical components, and cellulose crystallinity of red oak (Quercus sp.), birch (Betula sp.), and maple (Pterocarya sp.) wooden components were determined and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results are as follows: (1) The absorption peak intensities representing cellulose and hemicellulose decreased or disappeared obviously in the decayed red oak wood (DROW); on the contrary, those representing lignin increased. The indexes of the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and cellulose crystallinity also decreased; on the contrary, those of the content of lignin increased. Those results indicated that cellulose and hemicellulose in DROW were largely degraded by brown-rot fungi. (2) The absorption peak intensities representing cellulose and hemicellulose decreased both in the decayed birch wood (DBW) and the decayed maple wood (DMW), whereas those representing lignin increased. The indexes of the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and cellulose crystallinity also decreased, whereas those of lignin increased. Those results showed that cellulose and hemicellulose in DBW and DMW were seriously harmed not only by insects but also by brown-rot fungi. By comparison, the extent of fungal damage was lower in DMW than in DBW.
Head and neck sarcoma: three-year data from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Kotecha S , Williams MA , White H Branford , Graystone J , Gibbons M , Cosker T 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Sarcomas of the head and neck are neoplasms arising from the embryonic mesenchyme. They are rare and heterogeneous in nature and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates patients referred to the Oxford Sarcoma Service, a tertiary referral centre. Methods Patients discussed over a three-year period were included. Medical records were analysed using the electronic patient record database. Data were acquired on a range of domains, including: demographics, histopathology, treatment modality, recurrence, mortality, survival, etc. Results Thirty-two eligible patients, 21 male and 11 female, were identified with a mean age of 58 years; 26 out of 32 patients had high-grade sarcomas. The commonest histological subtype was chondrosarcoma (8/32). Twenty-two underwent planned multidisciplinary team surgical resection after biopsy and staging: negative margins were noted in 9, with close and involved margins in 5 and 8, respectively. Local recurrence was noted in 13 and 6 had metastatic disease out of the 32 eligible patients. Mortality was noted in 10 out of 32 patients. Mean survival was 69.5 months. Five-year overall survival was 64%. Surgery demonstrated statistically significant improvement in survival (p=0.0095). There were no significant differences in survival, recurrence or marginal status between methods of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusion Outcomes of head and neck sarcomas are inferior compared with other types of sarcoma. The nature of the complex surrounding anatomy presents unique challenges in surgical management. This in turn affects rates of local recurrence and prognosis. Therefore, it is critical that they are managed in tertiary, specialist centres with a multidisciplinary approach.
STEM undergraduates’ perspectives of instructor and university responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020
Authors: Pagoto Sherry , Lewis Kathrine A. , Groshon Laurie , Palmer Lindsay , Waring Molly E. , Workman Deja , De Luna Nina , Brown Nathanial P. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
We examined undergraduate STEM students’ experiences during Spring 2020 when universities switched to remote instruction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we sought to understand actions by universities and instructors that students found effective or ineffective, as well as instructor behaviors that conveyed a sense of caring or not caring about their students’ success.

Methods
In July 2020 we conducted 16 focus groups with STEM undergraduate students enrolled in US colleges and universities (N = 59). Focus groups were stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Content analyses were performed using a data-driven inductive approach.

Results
Participants (N = 59; 51% female) were racially/ethnically diverse (76% race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white) and from 32 colleges and universities. The most common effective instructor strategies mentioned included hybrid instruction (35%) and use of multiple tools for learning and student engagement (27%). The most common ineffective strategies mentioned were increasing the course workload or difficulty level (18%) and use of pre-recorded lectures (15%). The most common behaviors cited as making students feel the instructor cared about their success were exhibiting leniency and/or flexibility regarding course policies or assessments (29%) and being responsive and accessible to students (25%). The most common behaviors cited as conveying the instructors did not care included poor communication skills (28%) and increasing the difficulty of the course (15%). University actions students found helpful included flexible policies (41%) and moving key services online (e.g., tutoring, counseling; 24%). Students felt universities should have created policies for faculty and departments to increase consistency (26%) and ensured communication strategies were honest, prompt, and transparent (23%).

Conclusions
To be prepared for future emergencies, universities should devise evidence-based policies for remote operations and all instructors should be trained in best practices for remote instruction. Research is needed to identify and ameliorate negative impacts of the pandemic on STEM education.
One-year outcomes of microshunt implantation in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Nobl Matthias , Freissinger Sigrid , Kassumeh Stefan , Priglinger Siegfried , Mackert Marc J. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To compare the safety and efficacy of microshunt implantation augmented with Mitomycin C in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods
In this retrospective, single centre, interventional study, 46 eyes of 41 patients with PEXG (20 eyes) and POAG (26 eyes) underwent microshunt implantation. Definition of failure was an intraocular pressure (IOP) lower than 5 or higher than 17mmHg on two consecutive visits, an IOP reduction lower than 20% on two consecutive visits, the need of surgical revisions or reoperations or loss of light perception. Outcome was rated as complete success if achieved without medication, otherwise as qualified success. Furthermore, postoperative complications and interventions were compared between the two groups.

Results
Patient demographics were similar, except for older age in the PEXG group (70.9±8.6 versus 77.6±8; p = 0.02). Mean IOP dropped from 21.5±5.8mmHg (PEXG) and 18.2±4.5mmHg (POAG) at baseline to 12.8±3.0mmHg (p<0.0001) and 12.9±4.2mmHg (p<0.0001), respectively, at one year. Mean number of medications were reduced from 2.8±1.3 to 0.3±0.8 for PEXG patients (p<0.0001) and from 2.7±1.3 to 0.3±0.8 for POAG patients (p<0.0001). At one year of follow-up 75.0% of PEXG patients achieved complete success and 80.0% qualified success. In the POAG group rates were 73.1% and 76.9%, respectively. Postoperative complications were comparable between both groups, except for higher rates of hypotony (p = 0.04) and choroidal detachment (p = 0.03) in the PEXG group.

Conclusion
Microshunt implantation demonstrated similar efficacy results in PEXG and POAG eyes at a follow-up of 12 months. Higher rates of transient hypotony and choroidal detachment were observed in PEXG eyes.
Who is getting screened for diabetes according to body mass index and waist circumference categories in Peru? a pooled analysis of national surveys between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Background
At the population level we would expect that people with obesity undergo diabetes screening tests more often than people with overweight and much more often than people with normal weight. We described the trends of diabetes screening according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Peru.

Methods
Pooled analysis of health national surveys (2015–2019); men and women aged 35–70 years. We used relative frequencies to study: among those who have had a glucose test in the last year, how many there were in each BMI and WC category. We fitted a Poisson model to study whether people with high BMI or WC were more likely to have had a glucose test.

Results
People with overweight (PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.29–1.38), obesity (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.51–1.63) and central obesity (PR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.35–1.96) were more likely to have had a glucose test. At the sub-national level, there was one (of twenty-five) region in which men with obesity were more often screened for diabetes than men with overweight and much more than men with normal weight. There were seven regions in which women with obesity were the most often screened for diabetes.

Conclusions
Consistent with a risk-based prevention approach, people with obesity would be screened for diabetes more often than those with overweight and those with normal weight. This ideal profile was only observed in few regions. Diabetes screening strategies should be strengthened and homogenised, so that they reach those at high risk of diabetes.
Privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ioannou Athina , Tussyadiah Iis , Miller Graham , Li Shujun , Weick Mario 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Digital nudging has been mooted as a tool to alter user privacy behavior. However, empirical studies on digital nudging have yielded divergent results: while some studies found nudging to be highly effective, other studies found no such effects. Furthermore, previous studies employed a wide range of digital nudges, making it difficult to discern the effectiveness of digital nudging. To address these issues, we performed a systematic review of empirical studies on digital nudging and information disclosure as a specific privacy behavior.

Method
The search was conducted in five digital libraries and databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct for peer-reviewed papers published in English after 2006, examining the effects of various nudging strategies on disclosure of personal information online.

Results
The review unveiled 78 papers that employed four categories of nudge interventions: presentation, information, defaults, and incentives, either individually or in combination. A meta-analysis on a subset of papers with available data (n = 54) revealed a significant small-to-medium sized effect of the nudge interventions on disclosure (Hedges’ g = 0.32). There was significant variation in the effectiveness of nudging (I2 = 89%), which was partially accounted for by interventions to increase disclosure being more effective than interventions to reduce disclosure. No evidence was found for differences in the effectiveness of nudging with presentation, information, defaults, and incentives interventions.

Conclusion
Identifying ways to nudge users into making more informed and desirable privacy decisions is of significant practical and policy value. There is a growing interest in digital privacy nudges for disclosure of personal information, with most empirical papers focusing on nudging with presentation. Further research is needed to elucidate the relative effectiveness of different intervention strategies and how nudges can confound one another.
A Brazilian Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scale
Authors: Cannavan Priscila Moreno Sperling , Cannavan Fernando Piza de Souza , Oliveira Henrique Ceretta , Walfridsson Ulla , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with tachyarrhythmia can be negatively influenced by the clinical manifestations. The evaluation of HRQOL with validated instruments can provide valuable information that will contribute to clinical decision-making and treatment. In Brazil, however, there is no available scale that evaluates HRQOL in different types of arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Arrhythmia-Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia-HRQOL scale (ASTA-HRQOL scale) to the Brazilian culture, and to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaire.

Methods
The study used a methodological process of cultural adaptation based on international literature guidelines. The analyses were performed with 172 participants, 32 for cultural adaptation and 140 for psychometric validation. Calculation included analysis of reliability by Cronbach’s α coefficient, construct validity with convergent validity using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and by the Spearman correlation coefficient, Average Variance Extracted, and assessment of confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
The translation and adaptation processes showed a satisfactory degree of comprehension and applicability (93% reported them to be easy to understand). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated exclusion of one item from the mental scale, but after qualitative analysis the item was retained. The items presented adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.88), and an inverse correlation of moderate magnitude with the physical domain (rho = -0.63) and with the mental domain (rho = -0.58) of the WHOQOL-BREF.

Conclusions
The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ASTA-HRQOL scale, the ASTA-Br-HRQOL scale, can be a valuable tool for use in clinical practice and research.
Considerações sobre a antroponímia da gente miúda preservada nas crônicas de Fernão Lopes e de Gomes Eanes de Zurara
Authors: Jerry Santos Guimarães  
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo fazemos um levantamento dos nomes, apelidos e alcunhas de homens da gente miúda registrados por Fernão Lopes e por Gomes Eanes de Zurara em suas crônicas escritas no século XV a serviço dos reis de Portugal. Assinalamos a excepcionalidade do registro de nomes e de feitos de membros das camadas baixas do povo em narrativas históricas que tinham por protagonistas e por público primeiro especialmente os nobres, muitos dos quais murmuravam contra os cronistas justamente por terem os seus nomes omitidos, ou esquecidos, da história oficial do reino. Uma vez levantado o rol de apelativos de personagens da gente miúda procedemos a uma análise onomástica que nos permitiu concluir que em parte considerável dos antropônimos preservados por Lopes e por Zurara é reconhecível a baixa condição social das personae, seja pela clássica formação do antropônimo a partir de patronímicos, costume observado especialmente entre famílias vilãs no período abordado, seja pela utilização de apelidos que remetem a ofícios típicos da gente miúda.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crônica; Historiografia portuguesa; Onomástica.
Florentine papyri under examination: the material study of the inks used at the beginning of the Common Era in the “Family of Kôm Kâssûm” Archive (Hermopolis)
Authors: Maltomini Francesca , Ghigo Tea , Hahn Oliver , Rabin Ira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Carbon inks with metallic admixtures are found on some papyri of the 2nd century CE from a family archive in Hermopolis. The great diversity of inks found in a single household within a short period of time suggests that inks were purchased rather than self-made.
Impact of optimizing pre-analytical phase on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes and related outcomes
Authors: Szoke Dominika , Borille Simona , Cardellicchio Manuela , Spadaccini Giovanna , Taricco Emanuela , Vignali Michele , Cetin Irene , Birindelli Sarah , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pre-analytical plasma glucose (PG) sampling methodology may significantly affect gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence, but no studies directly examined the impact on perinatal outcomes. We compared the effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results of using for blood sampling the traditional sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes, batched at controlled temperature, and the more effective citrate-buffered tubes, in terms of GDM diagnosis and related outcomes.

Methods
We evaluated 578 pregnant women performing OGTT between 24- and 28-weeks’ gestation. Paired NaF and citrate blood samples were drawn and analyzed for PG. GDM diagnosis was made by applying the ‘one-step’ American Diabetes Association strategy. Data on perinatal outcomes were collected in a subset of 330 women who delivered in our hospital network.

Results
Using the standard NaF approach, 69 (11.9%) GDM women were detected. Using citrate PG values, 90 women were additionally identified as GDM, increasing the GDM prevalence to 27.5%. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed according to the different diagnostic allocation (NaF-diagnosed GDM, additional citrate-diagnosed GDM, and no GDM). NaF-diagnosed GDM showed a higher incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) (p=0.034), and of cesarean and preterm delivery (p<0.01) vs. no GDM. The only outcome remaining more frequent in the additional citrate diagnosed GDM when compared with no GDM group was LGA (17.2 vs. 6.8%, p=0.025).

Conclusions
If a health care system plans to use citrate tubes for GDM diagnosis, considerations about clinical implications are mandatory by balancing higher sensitivity in detecting a poor glycemic control with effects on outcomes to avoid “overdiagnosis”.
Conception of a C-Arm Parametrization Device Evaluated by an Inverse Registration Approach: An application for 2D/3D Registration in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Alvarez-Gomez Julio C. , Roth Hubert , Wahrburg Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Camera resectioning is the process of finding the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the pinhole camera model. A mobile X-ray device (C-arm) can be represented with the pinhole camera model. The C-arm parameters can be determined with a parametrization device and the direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithm. We present the conception process of a parametrization device and further optimizations of the DLT algorithm. The evaluation of the parametrization quality is carried out with an inverse registration approach on a testing device. The seven landmarks in the testing device are compared on an X-ray image and a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR). The average distance of the corresponding landmarks between imaging modalities is 2.5 pixels. This deviation indicates an adequate design of the parametrization device for a 2D/3D registration in minimally invasive surgery.
Parameter Identification for Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography Simulation
Authors: Neidhardt M. , Ohlsen J. , Hoffmann N. , Schlaefer A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Elasticity of soft tissue is a valuable information to physicians in treatment and diagnosis of diseases. The elastic properties of tissue can be estimated with ultrasound (US) shear wave imaging (SWEI). In US-SWEI, a force push is applied inside the tissue and the resulting shear wave is detected by high-frequency imaging. The properties of the wave such as the shear wave velocity can be mapped to tissue elasticity. Commonly, wave features are extracted by tracking the peak of the shear wave, estimating the phase velocity or with machine learning methods. To tune and test these methods, often simulation data is employed since material properties and excitation can be accurately controlled. Subsequent validation on real US-SWEI data is in many cases performed on tissue phantoms such as gelatine. Clearly, validation performance of these procedures is dependent on the accuracy of the simulated tissue phantom and a thorough comparison of simulation and experimental data is needed. In this work, we estimate wave parameters from 400 US-SWEI data sets acquired in various homogeneous gelatine phantoms. We tune a linear material model to these parameters. We report an absolute percentage error for the shear wave velocity between simulation and phantom experiment of <2.5%. We validate our material model on unknown gelatine concentrations and estimate the shear wave velocity with an error <3.4% for in-range concentrations indicating that our material model is in good agreement with US-SWEI measurements.