bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linguagem e a linguagem documentária no processo de representação do conhecimento de grupos marginalizados: reflexões teóricas
Authors: Martines Alexandre Robson , Lima Graziela Dos Santos , Almeida Carlos Cândido 
Published: June 2021

A representação do conhecimento é responsável pela interoperatividade entre sistemas, usuários, domínios, ao mesmo tempo em que devolve à sociedade uma malha informacional legitimada e capaz de, através da recuperação da informação, oferecer viabilidade às informações articuladas. Assim, este trabalho objetiva analisar o impacto da linguagem no processo de representação no que tange às questões semânticas, semióticas e discursivas a fim de compreender a pré-disposição do sistema de organização do conhecimento, o qual é direcionado por escolhas terminológicas, para legitimar a representação, mais especificadamente, discutir acerca da institucionalidade de conceitos e o modo como se efetua a representatividade de grupos marginalizados entendidos neste trabalho como negros, mulheres, LGBTIA+. Para tanto, aplicou-se uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, tipo descritiva, de caráter exploratório, de abordagem teórico-bibliográfica e crítica. Portanto, entende-se que a representação social tem grande influência na construção da linguagem documentária e estão engendrados parâmetros hegemônicos de um determinado grupo, o que pode acarretar sub-representação de sujeitos, grupo sociais e culturais que não fazem parte do sistema simbólico de representação dominante.
The Impact of Language Testing Washback in Promoting Teaching and Learning Processes: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Alqahtani Faten 
Published: June 2021

Existing literature indicates that assessment is a critical aspect of teaching and learning language; the outcomes of testing are vital. The history of assessment can be traced back to when exams primarily served two significant purposes in China: choosing candidates for admission into government offices and preventing corruption. Washback as a concept can be traced back to the 1990s. It was advanced by Alderson and Wall in 1993 as a force that obliges test-takers and tutors to engage in particular tasks or activities due to exams. In this regard, washback is an impact that a test has on the teaching and learning process. High-stakes exams like the LOBELA demonstrate the significance of washback in the Saudi English-as-a-foreign-language context. This paper explores the mechanisms through which washback occurs in teaching and learning processes, ways to determine its validity, and different types of washback. It further highlights the impact of washback in promoting teaching and learning processes, as well as the role it plays in policy development in the educational system.&nbsp;
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COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES FOR BOUNDED STARLIKE FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX ORDER
Authors: AOUF M. K. 
Published: June 2021

Let $F(b,M,n)$($b\neq 0$, complex, $M >1/2$, and $n$ is a positive integer) denote the classof functions $f(z)=z+\sum_{k=n+1}^\infty a_kz^k$ analytic in $U=\{z: |z|< 1\}$ which satisfy for fixed $M$, $f (z)/z \neq 0$ in $U$ and
\[ \left|\frac{b-1+\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}}{b}-M\right|<M, \quad z\in U.\]

Also let $F^*(b,M,n)$ ($b\neq 0$, complex, $M >1/2$, and $n$ is a positive integer) denote the class of functions $f(z)=1/z+\sum_{k=n}^\infty a_kz^k$ analytic in the annulus $U^* = \{z : 0 < |z| < 1\}$ which satisfy
\[ \left|\frac{b-1+\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}}{b}-M\right|<M, \quad z\in U^*.\]

In this paper we obtain bounds for the coefficients of functions of the above classes.
A CONDITION FOR SIMPLE RING IMPLYING FIELD II
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE 
Published: June 2021

It is shown that if $R$ is a simple ring with identity 1 and with a nonzero idempotent $e$ and satisfies the condition $(P_2)_e$ :
$(P_2)_e$ If $e- (a_1b_1+a_2b_2)$ is a right (left)zero divisor in $R$, then so is $e- (b_1a_1+b_2a_2)$.
then $R$ is a field.Thus if $R$ is a simple ring then $eRe$ is a field for every nonzero idempotent $e$ in $R$ if it exists and $eRe$ satisfies $(P_2)_e$. We also discuss the above property for the simple ring case by eliminating the identity 1.
Local self-government in Russian small towns: development models (on the example of the Tver Region)
Authors: Maykova Eleonora Yurievna , Simonova Elena 
Published: June 2021

The subject of the research of this article is the analysis of models of development of local self-government in small towns of modern Russia and the identification of the self-governing potential of their residents. The study of models of the territorial organization of local self-government and methods of formation of municipal government bodies allows us to identify trends in the evolution of the local self-government system, to determine their nature. The study of the ideas of residents of Russian small towns about the models of local self-government and the attitudes of citizens to participate in solving local problems allows us to identify the socio-cultural foundations of the processes unfolding in modern municipalities. The object of the study is residents of small towns in the Tver region. The methods of document analysis, statistical data analysis, and survey methods were used. The data of sociological monitoring carried out in the Tver region in 2018-2020 by the method of formalized interviewing are presented. В The models of the territorial organization of local self-government in small towns are investigated, the degree of prevalence of elective procedures for the formation of municipal bodies is studied. The ideas of the population of small towns about the nature of local self-government and its place in the management system of Russian society are analyzed, the attitude of citizens to various models of territorial organization of local self-government and ways of electing the head of the municipality is studied, the nature of the attitudes of citizens to participate in self-governing practices is revealed. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the prevalence of various models of local self-government in small towns, taking into account their spatial and geographical location, resource characteristics and the level of self-governing potential of the population. The information obtained can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of forming municipal management systems and organizing work with the population to involve them in self-governing practices.
Helminthes Parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Abraka Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Onojafe J. O. , Egwunyenga A. O. , Eke S. S. 
Published: June 2021

Fish is significant as a vector of disease pathogen of human and animals. The study of the helminthes parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Abraka was carried out to investigate the occurrence, prevalence and intensity of helminthes parasites in Clarias gariepinus; and to compare the helminthes parasites burden of the wild and cultured Clarias gariepinus in Abraka fresh water. A total number of four hundred and nine (409) Clarias gariepinus were examined. Collection of fish samples was done monthly for twelve months. The external parts of each fish were examined with a hand lens for the occurrence of helminthes parasites. Portions of the muscles were also teased apart in saline water and examined under the microscope first at x 40 and later x 100 oil immersion. Organs of the body were examined separately in petri dishes containing normal saline. The different groups of parasites recovered were preserved in formaldehyde and identified using prescribed methods. Of the 409 C. gariepinus examined, 172 were infected, showing an infection rate of 42.1%. C. gariepinus from the wild had a higher prevalence of 31.1% while those from culture ponds had a lower prevalence of 11%. A total of 485 parasites were recovered, comprising of 113 trematodes and 372 nematodes which represents 23.3% and 76.7% respectively. Identified trematodes included Diplosomum sp., Macrogyrodactylus sp., and Quadriancanthus sp., while namatodes included Procamallanus sp. and an Ascarid nematode. The highest intensity of infection of 3.11 was recorded in the Ascarid nematode while the least of 1.25 came from Diplostomum sp. in C. gariepinus caught from the wild. Although, there appears to be a lack of reported cases of the occurrence of the ascarid nematode that was recovered from the muscles of C. gariepinus in literature, it is evident from this study that it is a common endoparasite of the African catfish in Abraka freshwater.
Transmission of COVID-19 in Public and Private Schools in Benghazi, Libya: 13th -28th February 2021
Authors: Houssein Naeima , Majeed Alsalihin , Amkhatirha Emad , Abdelghffar Abdelghffar F. , Mustafa Asma Abubakr , Ali Houssain 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to provide a national estimate for transmission of COVID-19 Cases in public and private schools in Benghazi city in the Eastern region of Libya. A multistage procedure was followed to obtain a representative sample of students and teaching staffs at randomly selected schools across the Eastern region of Libya. The resultant sample consisted of 101 schools, 808 students, and 202 staff members. Data were collected on age, sex, class, and symptoms of COVID19. Rapid antigen test was performed as a diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 to detect the presence of a viral antigen. Specimen was taken from the upper nasopharyngeal swab. Out of 808 students tested, 5 specimens were positive. Every positive rapid antigen test was further confirmed by PCR test. All Specimens taken from staff members were negative. This survey highlights epidemiological concern on COVID-19 among students and staff members in school setting in Benghazi. Implementation and compliance with prevention measures are crucial.
Survival in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and COVID-19 in Mexico
Authors: Martinez Patricia Zagoya , Flores Jose Alejandro Limon , Vidal Jose Alfredo Vidal 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To determine the survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and COVID-19.
Study Design: Prospective, analytical and relational.
Place and Duration of Study: Hematology department, Hospital of Specialties, High Specialty Medical Unit, National Medical Center "Gral. Manuel Avila Camacho", Puebla, Mexico, during the period June 2020-April 2021
Methodology: Patients aged 15 to 64 years, both sexes, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR. The variables included were; sex, age (groups: 15-20; 21-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; and 60-64), comorbidities, general treatment and hematological treatment response. Survival was determined for the diagnosis of COVID-19 for 11 months, using the Kaplan Meier estimator and the Log-Rak test; Cox regression model (univariate and multivariate); as well as Chi square and V-Cramer with a 95% confidence interval and using the statistical program SPSS Ver. 25.
Results: The study consisted of 20 patients, of which 33.3% were women, with an average age of 37.75 ± 11.63 years; The men registered an age of 28.50 ± 18.05 years. Overall survival was 50%, with a lower limit of 101.3 and an upper limit of 242.5 days, with a mean of 171.9 days; and median at 17 days. No significant differences were found in survival regarding sex, comorbidities, general treatment and hematological response. However, mortality in patients with comorbidities was higher (p = 0.051).
Conclusion: Survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and COVID-19 is low, due to complications that increase mortality, mainly owing to hematological suppression, and even more so with the presence of comorbidities.
An Assessment of Integration of MSMEs and CSA into Livestock Red Meat Value Chain: A Case Study of Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Thongoh Mary W. , Mutembei H. M. , Mburu J. , Kathambi B. E. 
Published: June 2021

The livestock sector is a major contributor to food security, livelihoods, and is most affected by climate change, but is also a major contributor of GHGs. While climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been adopted to mitigate the effects of climate change it has focused more on smallholder food crop producers with little attention to livestock production, and or entire food chains. MSMEs play a pivotal role in enhancing the ability of producers to engage with value chains, integrate women and marginalized groups, innovate, and are key drivers of community resilience, social adaptation, poverty reduction, and protection of livelihoods due to MSMEs’ greater adaptability and flexibility. Linking CSA to MSMEs within the livestock red value chains will strengthen the chains, improve incomes, reduce climate risks and increase resilience for pastoralists in ASALs. This study reveals that the red meat value chains in ASALs are still underdeveloped and fragmented, have little application of modern technologies and practices, unsustainable, and largely nomadic. Further, there is low integration of MSMEs and CSA due to actors’ low awareness of the concept of CSA, limited capacity building on CSA, incentives, and policy instruments to integrate MSMEs thus leaving the value chains weak, inefficient, vulnerable to climate risks, and unsustainable. Adaption of sustainable practices can only come after the integration of actors, therefore there is a need to invest in context-based integration approaches, such as awareness and knowledge, affordable relevant modern technologies and practices, relevant policy instruments, and incentives to realize the CSA triple wins, and develop climate-resilient red meat value chains.
DNA Origami Penetration in Cell Spheroid Tissue Models is Enhanced by Wireframe Design
Authors: Wang Yang , Benson Erik , Fördős Ferenc , Lolaico Marco , Baars Igor , Fang Trixy , Teixeira Ana I. , Högberg Björn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs DNA origami applications in biomedicine are expanding, more knowledge is needed to assess these structures’ interaction with biological systems. Here, uptake and penetration in cell and cell spheroid tissue models (CSTMs) are studied to elucidate whether differences in internal structure can be a factor in the efficacy of DNA‐origami‐based delivery. Two structures bearing largely similar features in terms of both geometry and molecular weight, but with different internal designs—being either compact, lattice‐based origami or following an open, wireframe design—are designed. In CSTMs, wireframe rods are able to penetrate deeper than close‐packed rods. Moreover, doxorubicin‐loaded wireframe rods show a higher cytotoxicity in CSTMs. These results can be explained by differences in structural mechanics, local deformability, local material density, and accessibility to cell receptors between these two DNA origami design paradigms. In particular, it is suggested that the main reason for the difference in penetration dynamic arises from differences in interaction with scavenger receptors where lattice‐based structures appear to be internalized to a higher degree than polygonal structures of the same size and shape. It is thus argued that the choice of structural design method constitutes a crucial parameter for the application of DNA origami in drug delivery.
A High‐Efficiency Wavelength‐Tunable Monolayer LED with Hybrid Continuous‐Pulsed Injection
Authors: Zhu Yi , Wang Bowen , Li Ziyuan , Zhang Jian , Tang Yilin , Torres Juan F. , Lipiński Wojciech , Fu Lan , Lu Yuerui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐efficiency and wavelength‐tunable light‐emitting diode (LED) devices will play an important role in future advanced optoelectronic systems. Traditional semiconductor LED devices typically have a fixed emission wavelength that is determined by the energy of the emission states. Here, a novel high‐efficiency and wavelength‐tunable monolayer WS2 LED device, which operates in the hybrid mode of continuous‐pulsed injection, is developed. This hybrid injection enables highly enhanced emission efficiency (>20 times) and effective size of emission area (>5 times) at room temperature. The emission wavelength of the WS2 monolayer LED device can be tuned over more than 40 nm by driving AC voltages, from exciton emission to trion emission, and further to defect emission. The quantum efficiency of defect electroluminescence (EL) emission is measured to be more than 24.5 times larger than that from free exciton and trion EL emission. The separate carrier injection in the LED also demonstrates advantages in allowing defect species to be visualized and distinguished in real space. Those defects are assigned to be negatively charged defects. The results open a new route to develop high‐performance and wavelength‐tunable LED devices for future advanced optoelectronic applications.
Combining High‐Throughput Synthesis and High‐Throughput Protein Crystallography for Accelerated Hit Identification
Authors: Sutanto Fandi , Shaabani Shabnam , Oerlemans Rick , Eris Deniz , Patil Pravin , Hadian Mojgan , Wang Meitian , Sharpe May Elizabeth , Groves Matthew R. , Dömling Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein crystallography (PX) is widely used to drive advanced stages of drug optimization or to discover medicinal chemistry starting points by fragment soaking. However, recent progress in PX could allow for a more integrated role into early drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the interplay of high throughput synthesis and high throughput PX. We describe a practical multicomponent reaction approach to acrylamides and ‐esters from diverse building blocks suitable for mmol scale synthesis on 96‐well format and on a high‐throughput nanoscale format in a highly automated fashion. High‐throughput PX of our libraries efficiently yielded potent covalent inhibitors of the main protease of the COVID‐19 causing agent, SARS‐CoV‐2. Our results demonstrate, that the marriage of in situ HT synthesis of (covalent) libraires and HT PX has the potential to accelerate hit finding and to provide meaningful strategies for medicinal chemistry projects.
Selective Bacterial Targeting and Infection‐Triggered Release of Antibiotic Colistin Conjugates
Authors: Tegge Werner , Guerra Giulia , Höltke Alexander , Schiller Lauritz , Beutling Ulrike , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Gröbe Lothar , Wullenkord Hannah , Xu Chunfa , Weich Herbert , Brönstrup Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to render potent, but toxic antibiotics more selective, we have explored a novel conjugation strategy that includes drug accumulation followed by infection‐triggered release of the drug. Bacterial targeting was achieved using a modified fragment of the human antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin, as demonstrated by fluorophore‐tagged variants. To limit the release of the effector colistin only to infection‐related situations, we introduced a linker that was cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE), an enzyme secreted by neutrophil granulocytes at infection sites. The linker carried an optimized sequence of amino acids that was required to assure sufficient cleavage efficiency. The antibacterial activity of five regioisomeric conjugates prepared by total synthesis was masked, but was released upon exposure to recombinant NE when the linker was attached to amino acids at the 1‐ or the 3‐position of colistin. A proof‐of‐concept was achieved in co‐cultures of primary human neutrophils and Escherichia coli that induced the secretion of NE, the release of free colistin, and an antibacterial efficacy that was equal to that of free colistin.
Ligand‐Directed Modification of Active Matrix Metalloproteases: Activity‐based Probes with no Photolabile Group
Authors: Kaminska Monika , Bruyat Pierrick , Malgorn Carole , Doladilhe Marion , Cassar‐Lajeunesse Evelyne , Fruchart Gaillard Carole , De Souza Mélissa , Beau Fabrice , Thai Robert , Correia Isabelle , Galat Andrzej , Georgiadis Dimitris , Lequin Olivier , Dive Vincent , Bregant Sarah , Devel Laurent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractActivity‐based probes enable discrimination between the active enzyme and its inactive or inactivated counterparts. Since metalloproteases catalysis is non‐covalent, activity‐based probes targeting them have been systematically developed by decorating reversible inhibitors with photo‐crosslinkers. By exploiting two types of ligand‐guided chemistry, we identified novel activity‐based probes capable of covalently modifying the active site of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) without any external trigger. The ability of these probes to label recombinant MMPs was validated in vitro and the identity of the main labelling sites within their S3′ region unambiguously assigned. We also demonstrated that our affinity probes can react with rhMMP12 at nanogram scale (that is, at 0.07 % (w/w)) in complex proteomes. Finally, this ligand‐directed chemistry was successfully applied to label active MMP‐12 secreted by eukaryote cells. We believe that this approach could be transferred more widely to many other metalloproteases, thus contributing to tackle their unresolved proteomic profiling in vivo.
Epitaxial Nickel Ferrocyanide Stabilizes Jahn–Teller Distortions of Manganese Ferrocyanide for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gebert Florian , Cortie David L. , Bouwer James C. , Wang Wanlin , Yan Zichao , Dou Shi‐Xue , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManganese‐based Prussian Blue, Na2−δMn[Fe(CN)6] (MnPB), is a good candidate for sodium‐ion battery cathode materials due to its high capacity. However, it suffers from severe capacity decay during battery cycling due to the destabilizing Jahn–Teller distortions it undergoes as Mn2+ is oxidized to Mn3+. Herein, the structure is stabilized by a thin epitaxial surface layer of nickel‐based Prussian Blue (Na2−δNi[Fe(CN)6]). The one‐pot synthesis relies on a chelating agent with an unequal affinity for Mn2+ and Ni2+ ions, which prevents Ni2+ from reacting until the Mn2+ is consumed. This is a new and simpler synthesis of core–shell materials, which usually needs several steps. The material has an electrochemical capacity of 93 mA h g−1, of which it retains 96 % after 500 charge–discharge cycles (vs. 37 % for MnPB). Its rate capability is also remarkable: at 4 A g−1 (ca. 55 C) it can reversibly store 70 mA h g−1, which is also reflected in its diffusion coefficient of ca. 10−8 cm2 s−1. The epitaxial outer layer appears to exert an anisotropic strain on the inner layer, preventing the Jahn–Teller distortions it normally undergoes during de‐sodiation.