bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult mice
Authors: Koeniger Tobias , Bell Luisa , Mifka Anika , Enders Michael , Hautmann Valentin , Mekala Subba Rao , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B. , Schulz Christian , Wörsdörfer Philipp , Mencl Stine , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Ergün Süleyman , Kuerten Stefanie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the bone marrow contains most hematopoietic activity during adulthood, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can be recovered from various extramedullary sites. Cells with hematopoietic progenitor properties have even been reported in the adult brain under steady-state conditions, but their nature and localization remain insufficiently defined. Here, we describe a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitors in the leptomeninges of adult C57BL/6 mice. This cell pool included common myeloid, granulocyte/macrophage, and megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors. Accordingly, it gave rise to all major myelo-erythroid lineages in clonogenic culture assays. Brain-associated progenitors persisted after tissue perfusion and were partially inaccessible to intravenous antibodies, suggesting their localization behind continuous blood vessel endothelium such as the blood-arachnoid barrier. Flt3Cre lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation showed that the precursors were derived from adult hematopoietic stem cells and were most likely continuously replaced via cell trafficking. Importantly, their occurrence was tied to the immunologic state of the central nervous system (CNS) and was diminished in the context of neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke. Our findings confirm the presence of myeloid progenitors at the meningeal border of the brain and lay the foundation to unravel their possible functions in CNS surveillance and local immune cell production.
Niche-dependent inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation and oligodendrogenesis is mediated by the presence of myelin basic protein
Authors: Lakshman Nishanth , Bourget Clara , Siu Ricky , Bamm Vladimir V. , Xu Wenjun , Harauz George , Morshead Cindi M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (collectively termed neural precursor cells [NPCs]) are found along the ventricular neuraxis extending from the spinal cord to the forebrain in regionally distinct niches comprised of different cell types, architecture, and cell-cell interactions. An understanding of the factors that regulate NPC behavior is critical for developing therapeutics to repair the injured central nervous system. Herein, we demonstrate that myelin basic protein (MBP), the major cytoplasmic protein constituent of the myelin sheath in oligodendrocytes, can regulate NPC behavior. Under physiological conditions, NPCs are not in contact with intracellular MBP; however, upon injury, MBP is released into the neural parenchyma. We reveal that MBP presented in a spinal cord niche is inhibitory to NPC proliferation. This inhibitory effect is regionally distinct as spinal cord NPCs, but not forebrain-derived NPCs, are inhibited by MBP. We performed coculture and conditioned media experiments that reveal the stem cell niche is a key regulator of MBP's inhibitory actions on NPCs. The inhibition is mediated by a heat-labile protein released by spinal cord niche cells, but not forebrain niche cells. However, forebrain NPCs are also inhibited by the spinal cord derived factor as revealed following in vivo infusion of the spinal cord niche-derived conditioned media. Moreover, we show that MBP inhibits oligodendrogenesis from NPCs. Together, these findings highlight the role of MBP and the regionally distinct microenvironment in regulating NPC behavior which has important implications for stem cell-based regenerative strategies.
A human induced pluripotent stem cell-based modular platform to challenge sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Zine Azel , Messat Yassine , Fritzsch Bernd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sense of hearing depends on a specialized sensory organ in the inner ear, called the cochlea, which contains the auditory hair cells (HCs). Noise trauma, infections, genetic factors, side effects of ototoxic drugs (ie, some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics), or simply aging lead to the loss of HCs and their associated primary neurons. This results in irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as in mammals, including humans; the inner ear lacks the capacity to regenerate HCs and spiral ganglion neurons. SNHL is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide and provides a growing concern in the aging population. To date, treatment options are limited to hearing aids and cochlear implants. A major bottleneck for development of new therapies for SNHL is associated to the lack of human otic cell bioassays. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be induced in two-dimensional and three-dimensional otic cells in vitro models that can generate inner ear progenitors and sensory HCs and could be a promising preclinical platform from which to work toward restoring SNHL. We review the potential applications of hiPSCs in the various biological approaches, including disease modeling, bioengineering, drug testing, and autologous stem cell based-cell therapy, that offer opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SNHL and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Bedding system influences lying behaviour in dairy cows
Authors: Leach Katharine A. , Charlton Gemma L. , Green Martin J. , Lima Eliana , Gibbons Jenny , Black David , Bradley Andrew J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe nature and depth of bedding material have an important influence on cow lying behaviour and comfort. Increasing use of recycled manure solids (RMS) as bedding led to an investigation of the influence of this material on cow lying behaviour.MethodsLeg mounted accelerometers were used to estimate daily lying time and number and duration of lying bouts in four groups of 40 cows. Each group spent two 2‐week periods on each of four bedding systems: deep sand, deep RMS, sawdust on mattresses and RMS on mattresses.ResultsTotal daily lying times were significantly shorter on both RMS treatments than on sawdust. Number of lying bouts per day was greater on sawdust than any other treatment, while lying bouts were 2.6 min longer on deep RMS and 9.3 min longer on sand, than on sawdust.ConclusionsGreater depth and apparent softness of bedding material does not necessarily result in longer total daily lying times. RMS may have some characteristics that reduce its attraction as a bedding material for cows. The influence of bedding system on number and duration of lying bouts and the resulting total lying time appear complex.
Effect of topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects
Authors: Jost Haley E. , Keenan Alessandra V. , Keys Deborah A. , Myrna Kathern E. , Diehl Kathryn A. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundLittle is published regarding topical NSAID effect on corneal healing in dogs. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) treated with and without topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID).MethodsMedical records of 66 dogs (71 eyes) diagnosed with SCCED between 2008 and 2019 were included. Eyes were divided into: (1) those receiving topical NSAIDs (n = 33) versus (2) those not receiving topical NSAID (n = 38). Follow‐up until healed, such as comfortable eye, negative fluorescein stain was required. Use of topical or systemic anti‐inflammatories outside of NSAID or presence of ocular disorders or systemic endocrinopathies that may contribute to delayed healing resulted in study exclusion.ResultsHealing times were significantly longer in eyes that received topical NSAID (p = 0.008), however, the use of more topical medications for treatment was also associated with longer healing times (p = 0.001). The majority of eyes in the NSAID group received multiple medications, compared to the non‐NSAID group, so it was not possible to separate the effects of NSAID from a number of medications. Complications occurred in three eyes of three dogs within the NSAID group.ConclusionsIn these canine SCCED eyes, the use of more topical medications, including NSAID, was associated with significantly delayed healing time.
Atrial fibrillation secondary to ephedrine administration and responsive to lidocaine in a Shiloh shepherd dog
Authors: Martin‐Flores Manuel , Piscitell Lauren Marie , Kornreich Bruce Gordon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, 43 kg, male Shiloh shepherd dog was anaesthetised for computed tomography to investigate the source of respiratory distress, lethargy and decreased appetite. Arterial hypotension during anaesthesia was treated with an infusion of phenylephrine and a bolus of ephedrine, 0.05 mg/kg intravenously (IV). Ephedrine resulted in increased blood pressure and reflexive bradycardia; atrial fibrillation developed immediately after. Approximately 10 minutes later, a bolus of lidocaine 2 mg/kg IV was administered, and normal sinus rhythm was restored within 1 minute. Lone atrial fibrillation may be triggered by agents or disease processes that increase vagal activity. While lidocaine has historically been used only to treat unstable ventricular dysrhythmias, it is effective for terminating this particular type of atrial fibrillation.
Soft gravitational radiation from multi-body collisions
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Zeng Kaiqiang Alan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We derive a universal expression for the gravitational radiation energy spectrum dEGW/dω at sub-leading order emitted from a generic gravitational hard scattering of multi-particles or multi-bodies. Our result includes all $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ω) corrections to the gravitational radiation flux from a generic 2 → N collision, in both the cases of massless and massive particles/bodies. We also show the dependence of the radiation energy flux by the quantum spin in case of particle collisions. Then, we consider the specific case of a gravitational elastic scattering of two massive bodies, i.e. m + M → m + M with m, M the masses of the two bodies respectively. We demonstrate that in this case all $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ω) contributions to the energy flux exactly cancel each others. Nevertheless, we also show that, for a 2 → 2 inelastic scattering, the inclusion of sub-leading soft gravitons leads to a not zero radiation flux, having a simple expression in certain asymptotic regimes. Our results can be applied to the case of Black Hole collisions with possible testable implications in gravitational waves physics.
Classifying three-character RCFTs with Wronskian index equalling 0 or 2
Authors: Das Arpit , Gowdigere Chethan N. , Santara Jagannath 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the modular linear differential equation (MLDE) approach to classifying rational conformal field theories (RCFTs) both the MLDE and the RCFT are identified by a pair of non-negative integers [n,l]. n is the number of characters of the RCFT as well as the order of the MLDE that the characters solve and l, the Wronskian index, is associated to the structure of the zeroes of the Wronskian of the characters. In this paper, we study [3,0] and [3,2] MLDEs in order to classify the corresponding CFTs. We reduce the problem to a “finite” problem: to classify CFTs with central charge 0 < c ≤ 96, we need to perform 6, 720 computations for the former and 20, 160 for the latter. Each computation involves (i) first finding a simultaneous solution to a pair of Diophantine equations and (ii) computing Fourier coefficients to a high order and checking for positivity.In the [3,0] case, for 0 < c ≤ 96, we obtain many character-like solutions: two infinite classes and a discrete set of 303. After accounting for various categories of known solutions, including Virasoro minimal models, WZW CFTs, Franc-Mason vertex operator algebras and Gaberdiel-Hampapura-Mukhi novel coset CFTs, we seem to have seven hitherto unknown character-like solutions which could potentially give new CFTs. We also classify [3,2] CFTs for 0 < c ≤ 96: each CFT in this case is obtained by adjoining a constant character to a [2,0] CFT, whose classification was achieved by Mathur-Mukhi-Sen three decades ago.
The overlapping effect and fusion protocols of data augmentation techniques in iris PAD
Authors: Fang Meiling , Damer Naser , Boutros Fadi , Kirchbuchner Florian , Kuijper Arjan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIris Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) algorithms address the vulnerability of iris recognition systems to presentation attacks. With the great success of deep learning methods in various computer vision fields, neural network-based iris PAD algorithms emerged. However, most PAD networks suffer from overfitting due to insufficient iris data variability. Therefore, we explore the impact of various data augmentation techniques on performance and the generalizability of iris PAD. We apply several data augmentation methods to generate variability, such as shift, rotation, and brightness. We provide in-depth analyses of the overlapping effect of these methods on performance. In addition to these widely used augmentation techniques, we also propose an augmentation selection protocol based on the assumption that various augmentation techniques contribute differently to the PAD performance. Moreover, two fusion methods are performed for more comparisons: the strategy-level and the score-level combination. We demonstrate experiments on two fine-tuned models and one trained from the scratch network and perform on the datasets in the Iris-LivDet-2017 competition designed for generalizability evaluation. Our experimental results show that augmentation methods improve iris PAD performance in many cases. Our least overlap-based augmentation selection protocol achieves the lower error rates for two networks. Besides, the shift augmentation strategy also exceeds state-of-the-art (SoTA) algorithms on the Clarkson and IIITD-WVU datasets.
Ionospheric corrections tailored to the Galileo High Accuracy Service
Authors: Rovira-Garcia A. , Timoté C. C. , Juan J. M. , Sanz J. , González-Casado G. , Fernández-Hernández I. , Orus-Perez R. , Blonski D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is a new capability of the European Global Navigation Satellite System that is currently under development. The Galileo HAS will start providing satellite orbit and clock corrections (i.e. non-dispersive effects) and soon it will also correct dispersive effects such as inter-frequency biases and, in its full capability, ionospheric delay. We analyse here an ionospheric correction system based on the fast precise point positioning (Fast-PPP) and its potential application to the Galileo HAS. The aim of this contribution is to present some recent upgrades to the Fast-PPP model, with the emphasis on the model geometry and the data used. The results show the benefits of integer ambiguity resolution to obtain unambiguous carrier phase measurements as input to compute the Fast-PPP model. Seven permanent stations are used to assess the errors of the Fast-PPP ionospheric corrections, with baseline distances ranging from 100 to 1000 km from the reference receivers used to compute the Fast-PPP corrections. The 99% of the GPS and Galileo errors in well-sounded areas and in mid-latitude stations are below one total electron content unit. In addition, large errors are bounded by the error prediction of the Fast-PPP model, in the form of the variance of the estimation of the ionospheric corrections. Therefore, we conclude that Fast-PPP is able to provide ionospheric corrections with the required ionospheric accuracy, and realistic confidence bounds, for the Galileo HAS.
$$\infty $$-Operads via symmetric sequences
Authors: Haugseng Rune 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe construct a generalization of the Day convolution tensor product of presheaves that works for certain double $$\infty $$
∞
-categories. Using this construction, we obtain an $$\infty $$
∞
-categorical version of the well-known description of (one-object) operads as associative algebras in symmetric sequences; more generally, we show that (enriched) $$\infty $$
∞
-operads with varying spaces of objects can be described as associative algebras in a double $$\infty $$
∞
-category of symmetric collections.
An experimental test of the Mocikat-Herwig theory of local turbulent heat transfer measurements on cold objects
Authors: Kapitz Marek , der Wiesche Stefan aus , Kadic Samir , Strehle Steffen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExperimental results are presented of a test of the theory of local turbulent heat transfer measurements proposed by Mocikat and Herwig in 2007. A miniaturized multi-layer heat transfer sensor was developed and employed in this study. The new heat transfer sensor was designed to work in air and liquids, and this capability enabled the simultaneous investigation of different Prandtl numbers. Two basic configurations, namely the flow past a blunt plate and the flow past an inclined square cylinder, were investigated in test sections of wind and water tunnels. Convective heat transfer coefficients were obtained through conventional testing (i.e., employing thoroughly heated test objects) and using the new miniaturized sensor approach (i.e., utilizing cold test objects without heating). The main prediction of the Mocikat-Herwig theory that a specific thermal adjustment coefficient of the employed actual miniaturized heat transfer sensor should exist in the fully turbulent flow regime was proven for developed two-dimensional flow. The observed effect of the Prandtl number on this coefficient was in good agreement with the prediction of the asymptotic expansion method. The square cylinder results indicated the inherent limits of the local turbulent heat transfer measurement approach, as suggested by Mocikat and Herwig.
Population pharmacokinetic and exposure–response analyses of elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ide Takafumi , Osawa Mayu , Sanghavi Kinjal , Vezina Heather E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide/dexamethasone (E-Pd) demonstrated efficacy and safety in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The clinical pharmacology of elotuzumab [± lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Ld)] was characterized previously. These analyses describe elotuzumab population pharmacokinetics (PPK), the effect of Pd, and assess elotuzumab exposure–response relationships for efficacy and safety in patients with RRMM.

Methods
A previously established PPK model was updated with E-Pd data from the phase 2 ELOQUENT-3 study (NCT02654132). The dataset included 8180 serum concentrations from 440 patients with RRMM from 5 clinical trials. Elotuzumab PK parameter estimates were used to generate individual daily time-varying average concentrations (daily Cavg) for multi-variable time-to-event exposure–response analyses of progression-free survival (PFS) and time to the first occurrence of grade 3 + adverse events (AEs) in RRMM.

Results
Elotuzumab PK were well-described by a two-compartment model with parallel linear and Michaelis–Menten elimination from the central compartment (Vmax) and non-renewable target-mediated elimination from the peripheral compartment (Kint). Co-administration with Pd resulted in a 19% and 51% decrease in elotuzumab linear clearance and Kint, respectively, versus Ld; steady-state exposures were similar. Vmax increased with increasing serum M-protein. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for daily Cavg were 0.9983 (0.9969–0.9997) and 0.9981 (0.9964–0.9998) for PFS and grade 3 + AEs, respectively.

Conclusions
The PPK model adequately described the data and was appropriate for determining exposures for exposure–response analyses. There were no clinically relevant differences in elotuzumab exposures between Pd and Ld backbones. In ELOQUENT-3, increasing elotuzumab daily Cavg prolonged PFS without increasing grade 3 + AEs.
Video colposcopy versus headlight for large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ): a randomised trial
Authors: Rezniczek Günther A. , Neghabian Nadja , Rehman Sadia , Tempfer Clemens B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare resected cone mass and resection margin status when performing Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) using video colposcopy (LLETZ-VC) versus a headlight (LLETZ-HL) in women with cervical dysplasia.

Methods
Prospective, randomised trial (monocentric) at a specialised cervical dysplasia unit in a University Hospital. Women with a biopsy-proven CIN2 + or persisting CIN1 or diagnostic LLETZ were recruited and randomised. LLETZ was performed either under video colposcopic vision or using a standard surgical headlight. The primary endpoint was resected cone mass. Secondary endpoints were the rate of involved margins, fragmentation of the specimen, procedure time, time to complete haemostasis (TCH), blood loss, pain, intra- and postoperative complications, and surgeon preference.

Results
LLETZ-VC and LLETZ-HL (109 women each) had comparable cone masses (1.57 [0.98–2.37] vs. 1.67 [1.15–2.46] grams; P = 0.454). TCH was significantly shorter in the LLETZ-VC arm (60 [41–95.2] vs. 90 [47.2–130.2] seconds; P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference in involved resection margins (6/87 [6.5%] vs. 16/101 [13.7%], P = 0.068) and postoperative complications (13/82 [13.7%] vs. 22/72 [23.4%], P = 0.085). Patient-reported outcomes favoured LLETZ-VC with a lower use of analgesics (6/80 [7.0%] vs. 17/87 [16.3%]; P = 0.049). However, LLETZ-VC was more difficult to perform with significantly lower ratings for handling (7 [5–9] vs. 9 [8–10]; P < 0.001) and general satisfaction (7.5 [5–9] vs. 10 [8–10]; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Intraoperative video colposcopy for LLETZ has minimal benefits at the cost of surgeons’ satisfaction.

Clinical trial registration
NCT04326049 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Measuring in situ CO2 and H2O in apatite via ATR-FTIR
Authors: Hammerli Johannes , Hermann Jörg , Tollan Peter , Naab Fabian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a new approach to determine in situ CO2 and H2O concentrations in apatite via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Absolute carbon and hydrogen measurements by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and elastic recoil detection (ERD) are used to calibrate ATR-FTIR spectra of CO2 and H2O in apatite. We show that CO2 and H2O contents in apatite can be determined via linear equations (r2 > 0.99) using the integrated area of CO2 and H2O IR absorption bands. The main benefits of this new approach are that ATR-FTIR analyses are non-destructive and can be conducted on polished sample material surfaces with a spatial resolution of ~ 35 μm. Furthermore, the wavenumber of the phosphate IR absorption band can be used to determine the crystallographic orientation of apatite, which allows for accurate quantification of CO2 and H2O in randomly orientated apatite grains. The limit of quantification of H2O in apatite is ~ 400 ppm and ~ 100 ppm for CO2. Via two examples, one from a carbonatite and one from a metasedimentary rock, we show that this new technique opens up new possibilities for determining volatile concentrations and behavior in a wide range of hydrothermal, igneous, and metamorphic systems.