bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on PCB defect detection algorithm based on LPCB-YOLO
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Li Yazhou , Sharid Kayes Dipu Md , Song Zhaoyu , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionIn response to the challenges of small target size, slow detection speed, and large model parameters in PCB surface defect detection, LPCB-YOLO was designed. The goal was to ensure detection accuracy and comprehensiveness while significantly reducing model parameters and improving computational speed.MethodFirst, the feature extraction networks consist of multiple CSPELAN modules for feature extraction of small target defects on PCBs. This allows for sufficient feature representation while greatly reducing the number of model parameters. Second, the C-SPPF module enables the fusion of high-level semantic expression with low-level feature layers to enhance global feature perception capability, improving the overall contextual expression of the backbone and thereby enhancing model performance. Finally, the C2f-GS module is designed to fuse high-level semantic features and low-level detail features to enhance the feature representation capability and model performance.ResultsThe experimental results show that the LPCB-YOLO model reduces the model size by 24% compared to that of the YOLOv8 model while maintaining high precision and recall at 97.0%.
Gender difference in anxiety and related factors among adolescents
Authors: Bao Chengzhen , Han Lili 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAnxiety is widespread among adolescents, and research has shown that this condition can profoundly affect their mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in anxiety levels among adolescents and to explore the influencing factors and pathways.MethodsA total of 3601 adolescents were included in this study (age: 15.14±1.97 years; male: 48.76%). Gender, age, school category, grade, duration of sleep, duration on Internet, anxiety and several social factors were investigated by online questionnaire. Teachers were responsible for organizing students to fill out the questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was applied to measure participants’ anxiety levels over the past 2 weeks. An Ordinal Logistic Regression measured risk factors of anxiety, while a path analysis was used to estimate the structural relationship between risk factors and anxiety.ResultsThe severity of anxiety in female was higher. Approaching graduation, lack of sleep, poor peer relationships, poor ability to complete tasks, and unwillingness to seek help when in a bad mood were risk factors for anxiety in both male and female adolescents. Among female, prolonged Internet access is a risk factor for anxiety. The fit indices for the modified models were appropriate (male: GFI=0.999, IFI=0.996, TLI=0.976, CFI=0.995, AGFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.021, SRMR=0.016; female: GFI=0.997, IFI=0.990, TLI=0.971, CFI=0.990, AGFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.020, SRMR=0.018).ConclusionThe female adolescents might have higher levels of anxiety, that academic stress, sleep, peer relationships, competence, and level of social support might be influence factors on anxiety in adolescents, and that “daily duration on Internet” might not be the risk factor in male adolescent.
Expression Analysis and Functional Validation of DcTPSb1 in Terpene Synthesis of Dendrobium chrysotoxum
Authors: Jin Yuxuan , Zhou Shuting , Du Zhihui , Wang Weize , Chen Zhilin 
Published: January 2025

Terpenes are critical components of the floral fragrance component in Dendrobium chrysotoxum, synthesized by terpene synthase (TPS). Analysis of the D. chrysotoxum genome and transcriptional data revealed that the gene DcTPSb1 was significantly up-regulated during flowering periods, showing a strong correlation with the accumulation of aromatic monoterpenes in the floral components of Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Consequently, the DcTPSb1 gene was selected for further analysis. DcTPSb1 exhibited elevated expression levels in flowers among four organs (roots, stems, leaves, flowers) of D. chrysotoxum, with the highest expression observed during the blooming phase, which aligned with the accumulation of volatile terpenes during flowering. DcTPSb1, located in the chloroplasts, was identified as a member of the TPS-b subfamily associated with monoterpenes synthesis, showing close phylogenetic relationships with homologous proteins in related plant species. An analysis of the promoter region of DcTPSb1 indicated that it may be regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) responsiveness. Functionally, DcTPSb1 was shown to catalyze the conversion of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to linalool, ocimene, and (-)-α-pinitol in vitro. Overexpression of DcTPSb1 in tobacco resulted in a significant increase in terpenoid release during the blooming stage; however, the up-regulated substances did not include their catalytic products. The classification of DcTPSb1 as a terpene synthase capable of producing multiple products provides valuable insights into the complex biosynthesis of terpenes in orchids. These findings enhance our understanding of the functional diversity of DcTPSb1 and the processes involved in terpene biosynthesis in orchids.
Role of Gut and Urinary Microbiome in Children with Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srivastava Anjali , Shete Omprakash , Gulia Annu , Aggarwal Sumit , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Ahuja Vineet , Anand Sachit 
Published: January 2025

Background: The complex interaction between the gut and urinary microbiota underscores the importance of understanding microbial dysbiosis in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the literature on the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTIs is limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on the roles of gut and urinary dysbiosis in pediatric UTIs. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. All studies published between January 2003 and December 2023 utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the gut or urinary microbiome in children with UTIs were included. Heat map visualization was used to compare microbial profiles between UTI and control cohorts. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Results: Eight studies were included in this review. While five studies compared the microbiota signatures between patients and controls, three studies focused solely on the UTI cohort. Also, the gut and urinary microbiome profiles were investigated by four studies each. The consistent loss of microbiome alpha-diversity with an enrichment of specific putative pathobiont microbes was observed among the included studies. Escherichia coli consistently emerged as the predominant uropathogen in pediatric UTIs. In addition to this, Escherichia fergusonii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri were isolated in the urine of children with UTIs, and enrichment of Escherichia, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus was demonstrated in the gut microbiota of UTI patients. On the contrary, certain genera, such as Achromobacter, Alistipes, Ezakiella, Finegoldia, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Massilia, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Ureaplasma, were isolated from the controls, predominantly in the fecal samples. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable, with total scores (NOS) ranging from 5 to 8. Conclusions: The enrichment of specific pathobionts, such as Escherichia coli, in the fecal or urinary samples of the UTI cohort, along with the presence of core microbiome-associated genera in the non-UTI population, underscores the critical role of the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTI pathogenesis. These findings highlight the potential for microbiome-based strategies in pediatric UTIs. Further studies with larger cohorts, standardized healthy controls, and longitudinal profiling are essential to validate these observations and translate them into clinical practice.
Systematic Analysis of Cotton RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Genes Reveals Their Potential Involvement in Salt Stress Tolerance
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Yizhen , Fu Mingchuan , Wang Liguo , Liu Renzhong , Liu Zhanji 
Published: January 2025

The Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligases represent the largest class of E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in protein degradation and play a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and environmental responses. Despite extensive studies in numerous plant species, the functions of RING E3 ligases in cotton remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed systematic identification, characterization, and expression analysis of RING genes in cotton. A total of 514, 509, and 914 RING genes were identified in Gossypium arboretum, G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum, respectively. Duplication analysis indicates that segmental duplication may be the primary mechanism responsible for the expansion of the cotton RING gene family. Moreover, the Ka/Ks analysis suggests that these duplicated genes have undergone purifying selection throughout the evolutionary history of cotton. Notably, 393 G. hirsutum RING genes exhibited differential expression in response to salt stress. The overexpression of the specific C3H2C3 RING gene, GhZFRG1, in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced tolerance to salt stress. This study contributes to our understanding of the evolution of cotton RING ligases and paves the way for further functional analysis of the RING E3 ligase genes in cotton.
Underlying disease risk among patients with fatigue: a population-based cohort study in primary care
Authors: White Becky , Zakkak Nadine , Renzi Cristina , Rafiq Meena , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Denaxas Spiros , Nicholson Brian D , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Barclay Matthew E 
Published: January 2025

Background
Presenting to primary care with fatigue is associated with a wide range of conditions, including cancer, although their relative likelihood is unknown.

Aim
To quantify associations between new-onset fatigue presentation and subsequent diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.

Design and setting
A cohort study of patients presenting in English primary care with new-onset fatigue during 2007–2017 (the fatigue group) compared with patients who presented without fatigue (the non-fatigue group), using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data linked to hospital episodes and national cancer registration data.

Method
The excess short-term incidence of 237 diseases in patients who presented with fatigue compared with those who did not present with fatigue is described. Disease-specific 12-month risk by sex was modelled and the age-adjusted risk calculated.

Results
The study included 304 914 people in the fatigue group and 423 671 in the non-fatigue group. In total, 127 of 237 diseases studied were more common in men who presented with fatigue than in men who did not, and 151 were more common in women who presented with fatigue. Diseases that were most strongly associated with fatigue included: depression; respiratory tract infections; insomnia and sleep disturbances; and hypo/hyperthyroidism (women only). By age 80 years, cancer was the third most common disease and had the fourth highest absolute excess risk in men who presented with fatigue (fatigue group: 7.01%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.54 to 7.51; non-fatigue group: 3.36%, 95% CI = 3.08 to 3.67; absolute excess risk 3.65%). In women, cancer remained relatively infrequent; by age 80 years it had the thirteenth highest excess risk in patients who presented with fatigue.

Conclusion
This study ranked the likelihood of possible diagnoses in patients who presented with fatigue, to inform diagnostic guidelines and doctors’ decisions. Age-specific findings support recommendations to prioritise cancer investigation in older men (aged ≥70 years) with fatigue, but not in women at any age, based solely on the presence of fatigue.
Healthcare users’ evaluation of general practice — a survey among Danish men aged 45 to 70 years
Authors: Birkeland Søren , Möller Sören 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundKnowledge about healthcare users’ evaluation of general practice is relatively limited.AimWe aimed to investigate evaluations in Danish men of general practice healthcare and of different aspects of general practitioners’ (GPs) communication with patients.Design & settingSecondary analyses of data from a web-based survey in 6756 Danish men aged 45–70 years (30% response rate) using municipality-level information from registries, self-reported sociodemographic data, personality characteristics, and five-point Likert scale evaluations of healthcare and communication in general practice.ResultsA large majority of participants agreed (n=4420, 65%) or strongly agreed (n=1653, 24%) that their GP treatment had been “almost perfect”, with slightly fewer (n=4205, 63%) responding that their GP was good at showing consideration for them. The latter item was, however, reversed, making comparisons more difficult and all differences were small. Older healthcare users evaluated healthcare higher (P<0.01) and higher scores on the extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness personality dimensions generally were associated with higher evaluation scores (P<0.01) while the opposite tended to be true for respondents with higher neuroticism scores (P=0.002). When not controlling for multiplicity, participants in rural area tended to evaluate the explanation of medical procedures with lower scores (P=0.014) and participants with cerebrovascular disease (P=0.003) and those residing in higher tax income area (P=0.001) tended to generally evaluate GP care less positively.ConclusionDespite an overall high evaluation of GP care, evaluations may vary, including among different groups of healthcare users.
Personalised care planning for older people with frailty: a review of factors influencing implementation
Authors: Heaven Anne , Foster Marilyn , Foy Robbie , Hawkins Rebecca , Hulme Claire , Humphrey Sara , Smith Jane , Clegg Andrew Paul 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundFrailty increases vulnerability to major health changes because of seemingly small health problems. It affects around 10% of people aged over 65.Older adults with frailty frequently have multiple long-term conditions, personal challenges, and social problems. Personalised Care Planning (PCP) based on ‘goal-setting’ and ‘action planning’ is a promising way to address the needs of older adults living with frailty.AimTo identify and explore factors that influence the implementation of personalised care planning style interventions for older adults.Design & settingWe conducted a scoping review and identified a small number of interventions that explicitly employed ‘goal setting’ and ‘action planning’.MethodWe used a range of sources to identify relevant material. We included all interventions inclusive of patients aged 65 and over and reported in English. We excluded end-of-life care interventions, group education and/or, those that did not involve one-to-one engagement. We explored all related papers which described, examined, or discussed implementation. We constructed a thematic framework in NVivo 11. Findings were narratively synthesised.ResultsWe identified 18 potentially relevant PCP-style interventions. Within these, were seven main categories of potentially modifiable influences relevant to older adults with frailty related to: Primary care engagement; Delivery staff characteristics; Training; Client engagement; Collaborative working; Organisation and management; Systems.ConclusionsMany modifiable factors can influence the implementation of PCP. We identified several influences which have informed the development and implementation of a novel intervention for older adults with frailty, PROSPER.
JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS AKWE-XERENTE COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA LEI Nº 11.645/08
Authors: Marques Fabiano Rodrigues , Soares Filho Valtuir , Rocha Damião 
Published: January 2025

Este estudo analisa a produção científica sobre jogos e brincadeiras da etnia Akwe-Xerente, destacando sua relevância para a efetivação da Lei nº 11.645/08, que incentiva a inclusão da história e cultura indígena no currículo escolar por possuírem uma variedade de jogos e brincadeiras que legitimam seus padrões culturais, que são compartilhados e ensinados aos mais jovens pelos mais velhos, são instrumentos que ensinam técnicas corporais que podem ajudar no rendimento e na defesa de cada pessoa indígena. O objetivo é identificar e sistematizar produções acadêmicas que abordam como essas práticas contribuem para a valorização cultural e a interculturalidade no ensino. A pesquisa utilizou o método bibliométrico, complementado por análises documental e bibliográfica, abrangendo publicações de 2019 a 2023 nas bases SciELO e BDTD. Foram triados 588 estudos, dos quais 5 foram selecionados após critérios específicos. A análise revelou que os jogos e brincadeiras indígenas favorecem o desenvolvimento motor, social e cultural, além de se configurarem como ferramentas pedagógicas eficazes para aproximar tradições indígenas do ambiente escolar. Os resultados preliminares indicam uma produção científica limitada, concentrada em instituições públicas e com maior destaque para a região Norte. Entre os desafios identificados estão a falta de materiais didáticos específicos e a necessidade de formação docente para lidar com essas práticas no ensino. Ainda assim, os jogos tradicionais surgem como estratégias pedagógicas promissoras para promover a preservação cultural e o respeito à diversidade étnica. O estudo reforça a importância da pesquisa bibliométrica para mapear lacunas no conhecimento e direcionar políticas educacionais inclusivas, ampliando o reconhecimento e a valorização das culturas dos povos originários.
ДИНАМІЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРОЦЕСУ БРОДІННЯ ВИНОМАТЕРІАЛУ
Authors: Вовк М. А  , Гуменюк П. О.  
Published: January 2025

Розроблена динамічна модель процесу бродіння виноматеріалу дозволяє точно відтворювати процеси, що відбуваються під час бродіння, і забезпечує гнучкість у контролі змінних, які впливають на кінцеву якість продукту. Модель враховує випадкові збурення температури і рівня цукру, що наближає симуляцію до реальних умов виробництва, де зовнішні фактори можуть змінюватися. Використання даної моделі на практиці може сприяти підвищенню ефективності виробництва та стабільності характеристик виноматеріалу.
РОЗРОБКА ІМІТАЦІЙНОЇ СТАТИСТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Назаренко О. А.  , Банзак О. В.  , Грабовський О. В.  , Банзак Г. В.  
Published: January 2025

Складні технічні об'єкти військової техніки у суспільстві мають виключно важливе значення. Йдеться насамперед про різні радіоелектронні комплекси військового та спеціального призначення, радіолокаційні станції, автоматизовані системи управління (повітряним рухом, об'єктами енергетики тощо). Від рівня безвідмовності таких об'єктів залежить обороноздатність держави, економічна безпека, життя сотень та тисяч людей.
Такі об'єкти належать до класу об'єктів, що відновлюються тривалого багаторазового застосування. Вони, як правило, є дорогими та потребують значних витрат на їх експлуатацію. Для забезпечення необхідного рівня безвідмовності в процесі їх експлуатації зазвичай проводиться технічне обслуговування (ТО), суть якого полягає у своєчасній запобіжній заміні елементів, що знаходяться в стані перед відмовою. У цієї праці розроблено імітаційну статичну модель (ІСМ), призначену для прогнозування показників надійності та вартості експлуатації складного технічного об'єкта військової техніки, що залежать від параметрів обраної стратегії ТО. В ІСМ реалізовано алгоритми імітації процесів ТО для трьох варіантів стратегій ТО. Режим моделювання регламентованого ТО запроваджено з метою забезпечення повноти аналізу можливих стратегій ТО об'єкта, що проектується та прогнозування можливого виграшу у надійності та вартості експлуатації об'єкта за рахунок застосування стратегій технічного обслуговування «по стану» (ТОС).
ЕФЕКТ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗВОРОТНЬОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ У БІОТЕХНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМАХ
Authors: Осінов Сергій 
Published: January 2025

У статті розглядається проблемні питання при синтезі технічної системи з присутністю об’єкту біологічного походження з використанням класичної теорії управління. Біологічний зворотній зв’язок відіграє ключову роль у зберіганні відносної динамічної стійкості параметрів і функцій. Для отримання програмованих властивостей системи та оцінки кількісних змін, що відбулись в системі підчас отримання якісних зрушень властивостей у біологічному об’єкті, розглянуто умови вирішення завдання зворотного синтезу сенсорної частини біотехнічної системи. Метою є формалізація причинно-наслідкових зв’язків для отримання альтернативи суб’єктивізму експертної оцінки. Відтворення поведінки системи керування розглянуто з позиції методу моделювання на основі електробіоаналогій як фактору впливу на архітектуру та функціональні принципи нейроморфних твердотільних сенсорів.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЄМНІСНОГО СЕНСОРА ПОВІТРЯНОГО ПРОМІЖКУ В ГІДРОГЕНЕРАТОРІ З СИСТЕМОЮ КОМПЛАНАРНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОДІВ
Authors: Рассовський В. Л  , Зайцев Є. О.  , Левицький А. С.  
Published: January 2025

В роботі описано конструкційні, схемні та технологічні особливості ємнісного сенсора повітряного проміжку (ПП) між розточенням осердя статора та полюсами ротора в капсульному гідрогенераторі (ГГ) типу, утвореного системою стрічкових паралельних компланарних електродів. Система містить високо потенціальні, низько потенціальні та заземлені електроди. Зміна електричної ємності між системою високо потенціальних електродів і системою низькопотенціальних електродів функціонально залежить від зміни відстані між загальною площиною електродів сенсора в полюсами ротора, тобто від величини повітряного проміжку. Викладено методику експериментального визначення функції перетворення сенсора. Описано застосоване обладнання та вимірювальні прилади. В методиці досліджень для імітації зміни ПП передбачено застосування спеціального пристрою для плоско паралельного переміщення плоскої заземленої пластини, яка є імітацією поверхні полюса ротора в машині. Пластина переміщується кареткою пристрою відносно загальної поверхні електродів сенсора, який на пристрої закріплюється нерухомо. Задавання переміщення та його реєстрація здійснюється мікрометричною головкою. Отримані табличні та графічні дані, які ілюструють експериментально визначену функцію перетворення. Проведене порівняння експериментальних результатів з теоретичними засвідчило вірність запропонованих принципів побудови сенсора. Використання сенсора дозволяє підвищити точність вимірювання ПП в ГГ типу, що в кінцевому рахунку покращить оцінку поточного технічного стану машини.