bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical prediction models for hospital falls: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Parsons Rex , Cramb Susanna M , McPhail Steven M 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionFalls remain one of the most prevalent adverse events in hospitals and are associated with substantial negative health impacts and costs. Approaches to assess patients’ fall risk have been implemented in hospitals internationally, ranging from brief screening questions to multifactorial risk assessments and complex prediction models, despite a lack of clear evidence of effect in reducing falls in acute hospital environments. The increasing digitisation of hospital systems provides new opportunities to understand and predict falls using routinely recorded data, with potential to integrate fall prediction models into real-time or near-real-time computerised decision support for clinical teams seeking to mitigate fall risk. However, the use of non-traditional approaches to fall risk prediction, including machine learning using integrated electronic medical records, has not yet been reviewed relative to more traditional fall prediction models. This scoping review will summarise methodologies used to develop existing hospital fall prediction models, including reporting quality assessment.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework and its recent advances, and will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. Four electronic databases (CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PubMed, IEEE Xplore and Embase) will be initially searched for studies up to 12 November 2020, and searches may be updated prior to final reporting. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review and citation analysis of included studies. No restriction will be placed on the date or language of identified studies. Screening of search results and extraction of data will be performed by two independent reviewers. Reporting quality will be assessed by the adherence to the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and scientific conferences.
Efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition in visceral surgery: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Slim Karem , Badon Flora , Vacheron Charles-Hervé , Dziri Chadli , Marquillier Thomas 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionImmunonutrition (IN) is generally used before major visceral surgery with the intent to reduce postoperative complications, especially infectious ones. However, the conclusions of published meta-analyses are conflicting. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the data of published systematic reviews on the effectiveness of IN.Methods and analysisThis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols guidelines. This is an umbrella review of systematic reviews comparing IN (delivered orally 5–7 days preoperatively) with normal diet or isocaloric isonitrogenous feeding before visceral surgery performed on any of several viscera (colorectum, stomach, pancreas, liver, oesophagus). We search the systematic reviews included in the main bibliographic databases. To assess the efficacy of IN, several outcomes will be considered: the main outcome is infectious complications (surgical site infections, pulmonary infections or urinary infections) and secondary outcomes are overall morbidity, hospital length of stay and mortality. Identified reviews will be screened by two independent assessors. The methodological quality of relevant included reviews will be assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) instrument. The data extracted from included reviews will be synthesised using the r-Metafor package considering separate groups according to the viscus of interest. Publication bias will be evaluated, and subgroup analyses will be performed according to the quality of studies and preoperative nutritional status.Ethics and disseminationAn umbrella review based on published data from systematic reviews needs no ethical approval. Furthermore, no patient will be involved in the review. Once terminated, the review will be submitted for publication in an open access journal to ensure wide dissemination of the findings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021255177.
Effect of light quality and extended photoperiod on flower bud induction during transplant production of day-neutral strawberry cultivars
Authors: Sidhu Varinder , Bernier-English Valérie , Lamontagne-Drolet Marianne , Gravel Valérie 
Published: September 2021

Day-neutral (DN) strawberry cultivars are increasingly grown in Canada because they produce flowers and fruits continuously until October. Appropriate artificial lighting conditions during preparation of high-quality transplants is critical. Unfortunately, systematic evaluation of appropriate artificial lighting conditions during transplant production is limited. The objective of this study was to determine how an extended photoperiod supplemented with different light quality affects the vegetative and reproductive growth of a day-neutral cultivar during transplant production. In the first trial, we investigated the photoperiodic nature of the DN cultivar ‘Albion’ under low intensity incandescent light. Transplants were grown under three light combinations with different far-red : blue ratios (1:5, 5:1 and 1:1), supplemented for long day (LD; 24 h), short day (SD; 10 h) photoperiods and during a night interruption (NI) for 2 h. ‘Albion’ cultivar exhibited similar degree of flowering sensitivity regardless of photoperiod duration when incandescent light was used as predominant light source. In case of light emitting diodes (LEDs), dominant blue (1:5) LEDs prompted a significant increase in flower bud induction (FBI), more explicitly under the LD photoperiod. Furthermore, transplants grown under dominant blue light (1:5) supplied during NI produced eight flower buds per plant, the highest among all treatments, and promoted flower development outside the crown. Based on the results, it appears that lower wavelengths advance flowering and higher wavelengths contribute towards the morphological traits especially during transplant production. Results suggest that combination of far-red and blue LEDs at 1:5 ratio could be a potential light source to improve flower bud induction and floral development to subsequently increase fruit production.
Observing $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$ spin correlations at the LHC
Authors: Ravina Baptiste , Simpson Ethan , Howarth James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpin correlations in the production of top-antitop quark ($$t{\bar{t}}$$

t

t

¯

) pairs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are an experimentally verified prediction of the Standard Model. In this paper, we compute the full spin density matrix for $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$

t

t

¯

Z

production at next-to-leading order precision in QCD, for center-of-mass energies of 13 and 14 $$\text {TeV}$$
TeV
. We find that the additional emission of a Z boson leads to significantly different spin correlations with respect to the $$t{\bar{t}}$$

t

t

¯

case, and induces small longitudinal polarisations of the top quarks. We further propose an analysis strategy that could lead to the observation of spin correlations in $$t{\bar{t}}Z$$

t

t

¯

Z

events at the end of Run 3 of the LHC, or possibly earlier by combining the ATLAS and CMS datasets. In addition, we show that the pure angular information contained in the spin density matrix provides novel constraints on the dimension-6 effective field theory operators relevant to the t-Z interaction, without any reference to the total production rates.
Predictors of Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and CAR T-cell Therapy
Authors: Tamari Roni , Politikos Ioannis , Knorr David A. , Vardhana Santosha A. , Young Jennifer C. , Marcello LeeAnn T. , Doddi Sital , Devlin Sean M. , Ramanathan Lakshmi V. , Pessin Melissa S. , Dunn Erica , Palazzo Meighan , Bravo Christina D. , Papanicolaou Genovefa A. , Kamboj Mini , Perales Miguel Angel , Chung David J. , Shah Gunjan L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Cellular therapies including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (auto-HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy render patients severely immunocompromised for extended periods after therapy, and data on responses to COVID-19 vaccines are limited. We analyzed anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG Ab (spike Ab) titers and neutralizing Ab among 217 recipients of cellular treatments (allo-HCT, n = 149; auto-HCT, n = 61; CAR T-cell therapy, n = 7). At 3 months after vaccination, 188 patients (87%) had positive spike Ab levels and 139 (77%) had positive neutralization activity compared with 100% for both in 54 concurrent healthy controls. Time from cellular therapy to vaccination and immune recovery post–cellular therapy were associated with response. Vaccination against COVID-19 is an important component of post–cellular therapy care, and predictors of quantitative and qualitative response are critical in informing clinical decisions about optimal timing of vaccines and the requirement for booster doses.

Significance:
Identifying predictors of response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients following cellular therapy is critical to managing this highly vulnerable patient population. To date, this is the most comprehensive study evaluating quantitative and qualitative responses to vaccination, providing parameters most predictive of response and potentially informing booster vaccination strategies.
See related article by Chung et al., p. 568.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 549
Lead Isotopes in North American Precipitation Record the Presence of Saharan Dust
Authors: Scott Sean R. , Dunion Jason P. , Olson Mark L. , Gay David A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric dust is an important mass transfer and nutrient supply process in Earth surface ecosystems. For decades, Saharan dust has been hypothesized as a supplier of nutrients to the Amazon rainforest and eastern North America. However, isotope studies aimed at detecting Saharan dust in the American sedimentary record have been ambiguous. A large Saharan dust storm emerged off the coast of Africa in June 2020 and extended into the southeastern United States. This storm provided a means to evaluate the influence of Saharan dust in North America confirmed by independent satellite and ground observations. Precipitation samples from 17 sites within the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) were obtained from throughout the southeastern United States prior to, during, and after the arrival of Saharan dust. Precipitation samples were measured for their lead (Pb) isotopic composition, total Pb content, and 210Pb activity using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We measured a significant isotopic shift (approximately 0.7% in the 208Pb/206Pb relative to the 207Pb/206Pb) in precipitation that peaked in late June 2020 when the dust blanketed the southeastern United States. However, the magnitude and short time period of the isotopic shift would make it difficult to detect in sedimentary records.
A local-to-large scale view of Maritime Continent rainfall: control by ENSO, MJO and equatorial waves
Authors: Peatman Simon C. , Schwendike Juliane , Birch Cathryn E. , Marsham John H. , Matthews Adrian J. , Yang Gui-Ying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe canonical view of the Maritime Continent (MC) diurnal cycle is deep convection occurring over land during the afternoon and evening, tending to propagate offshore overnight. However, there is considerable day-to-day variability in the convection, and the mechanism of the offshore propagation is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that large-scale drivers such as ENSO, the MJO and equatorial waves, through their modification of the local circulation, can modify the direction or strength of the propagation, or prevent the deep convection from triggering in the first place. Taking a local-to-large scale approach we use in situ observations, satellite data and reanalyses for five MC coastal regions, and show that the occurrence of the diurnal convection and its offshore propagation is closely tied to coastal wind regimes we define using the k-means cluster algorithm. Strong prevailing onshore winds are associated with a suppressed diurnal cycle of precipitation; while prevailing offshore winds are associated with an active diurnal cycle, offshore propagation of convection and a greater risk of extreme rainfall. ENSO, the MJO, equatorial Rossby waves and westward mixed Rossby-gravity waves have varying levels of control over which coastal wind regime occurs, and therefore on precipitation, depending on the MC coastline in question. The large-scale drivers associated with dry and wet regimes are summarised for each location as a reference for forecasters.
Atmospheric Rivers over the Indo-Pacific and its Associations with Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Zhao Ning , Kikuchi Kazuyoshi , Nasuno Tomoe , Nakano Masuo , Annamalai H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent works have revealed that the wintertime atmospheric river (AR) activity is closely related to the 30–60-day tropical intraseasonal variability, yet it remains unclear whether summertime AR activity is also significantly influenced by the intraseasonal variability, often referred to as the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO). Diagnosing the 40-year (1979–2018) ERA5 reanalysis dataset, the present study examines the climatological features of ARs over the Indo-Pacific region during June to October and its associations with the BSISO. Results suggest that the western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) provides a favorable circulation background for the summertime AR activity, which conveys the moisture from the tropics to midlatitude North Pacific along its periphery. Our analysis reveals that the BSISO has substantial impacts on the occurrence and distribution of ARs. More ARs are found over the western North Pacific (WNP) when the BSISO convective envelope propagates northward to the subtropical regions, while fewer ARs can be seen when convection is suppressed there. Specifically, in phases 7–8, the active BSISO convection over the Philippine Sea induces a low-pressure anomaly and the corresponding anomalous cyclonic circulation, leading to the enhanced poleward moisture transport and more frequent AR activity over the WNP. Moreover, the WNP ARs tend to be longer and have larger sizes during these two phases. It is also found that more frequent occurrence of tropical cyclones in phases 7–8 can significantly enhance the moisture transport and AR occurrence over the WNP.
Asymmetric impact of the Scandinavian pattern on stratospheric circulation anomalies
Authors: Pang Bo , Scaife Adam A. , Lu Riyu , Ren Rongcai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the stratosphere-troposphere coupling associated with the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern in boreal winter. The results indicate that the SCA impacts stratospheric circulation but that its positive and negative phases have different effects. The positive phase of the SCA (SCA+) pattern is restricted to the troposphere, but the negative phase (SCA−) extends to the upper stratosphere. The asymmetry between phases is also visible in the lead-lag evolution of the stratosphere and troposphere. Prominent stratospheric anomalies are found to be intensified following SCA+events, but prior to SCA−events. Further analysis reveals that the responses are associated with upward propagation of planetary waves, especially wavenumber 1 which is asymmetric between SCA phases. The wave amplitudes in the stratosphere, originating from the troposphere, are enhanced after the SCA+events and before the SCA−events. Furthermore, the anomalous planetary wave activity can be understood through its interference with climatological stationary waves. Constructive wave interference is accompanied by clear upward propagation in the SCA+events, while destructive interference suppresses stratospheric waves in the SCA−events. Our results also reveal that the SCA+events are more likely to be followed by sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, because of the deceleration of stratospheric westerlies following the SCA+events.
The efficacy of Tranexamic Acid Administration in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kuo Cathleen C. , DeGiovanni Jason C. , Carr Michele M. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: There is controversy regarding the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing tonsillectomy-related hemorrhage. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prophylactic role of TXA in tonsillectomy. Methods: We searched 6 databases to identify studies that directly compare the effect of TXA versus controls in tonsillectomy patients. Standardized mean difference was applied to summate the findings across the studies. Dichotomous data were expressed as relative risk. Results: Ten studies representing a total of 111 898 patients were included. The pooled results showed a significant reduction of intraoperative blood loss by 39.02 ml (SMD = −1.05, 95% CI: −1.91 to −0.20, P = .016) and the rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.65, P < .0001), with no significant difference in reduction of further intervention risk (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.35, P = .373). Conclusions: Overall, this study indicates that TXA may reduce blood loss and frequency of post-operative hemorrhage associated with tonsillectomy. Further large, high-quality clinical trials are still needed to explore TXA’s effect on post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage and the safety of its use.
Exploring the phenomenon of suicidal behaviour (SB): An explanatory, mixed-method study in rural Pakistan
Authors: Yousafzai Abdul Wahab , Khan Sheraz Ahmad , Bano Shakila , Khan Murad Moosa 
Published: September 2021

Background: Despite scientific literature and media reports of rising cases of suicide and attempted suicide in different parts of Pakistan, the extent of this problem remains unknown, particularly from outside the main urban centres of the country. Aims: To report data on Suicidal Behaviour (SB) from Malakand Division, a rural and marginalised part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, explore aetiological factors and propose preventive strategies. Methods: This study followed an explanatory, mixed-method study design. The first part quantitative [QUANT] comprised of police reports on suicidal behaviour, from 2001 till first 8 months of 2018. Detailed analysis of only data from 2013 was undertaken, as data prior to 2013 contained insufficient information. The second part that is, qualitative (QUAL) consisted of in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders. A mixed method of inductive and deductive analytical approach was used. Results: From 2013 until the first quarter of 2018, the police recorded 1,645 attempts of both males and females of which 144 (8.75%) resulted in fatalities. Suicide attempts rose by 83.4% over the 5 years and 8 months. Approximately, 43.3% of the attempts were attributed to ‘depression’. Domestic abuse was reported in 49.6% of cases. Of the total victims, 1,049 (63.7%) were females, whereas 60.1% were married. Ingestion of the organophosphates poison (pesticide) was reported in 53.2% ( n = 999) of suicide attempts. In more than 90% of the non-fatal suicide attempts, victims were booked under punitive laws. Poor socio-economic status, inter-personal stressors, violence against women and mental illnesses were the major causes of suicidal behaviour in Malakand [QUAL]. Investment in human development, strengthening of the healthcare system, de-stigmatisation of mental illnesses and women empowerment could possibly prevent suicidal behaviour in Malakand [QUAL]. Conclusion: SB in Malakand Division is steadily increasing. The increase is more evident in vulnerable populations such as women and the younger population. ‘Psychosocial stressors’ and ‘depression’ were the main causes of suicidal behaviour. A broad-based, proactive, multi-sectorial approach is needed to prevent SB in the region.
Predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure in emergency departments in China
Authors: Ge Hongxia , Liang Yang , Fang Yingying , Jin Yi , Su Wenting , Zhang Guoqiang , Wang Jing , Xiong Hui , Shang Deya , Chai Yanfen , Liu Zhi , Wei Hongyan , Wang Hairong , Zhang Wei , Ma Fei , Zhao Wei , Sun Li , Huang Huan , Ma Qingbian 
Published: September 2021

Objective This retrospective multicentre observational study was performed to assess the predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in emergency departments in China. Methods In total, 1743 consecutive patients with ADHF were recruited from August 2017 to January 2018. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without AKI. Predictors of AKI occurrence and underdiagnosis were assessed in multivariate regression analyses. Results Of the 1743 patients, 593 (34.0%) had AKI. AKI was partly associated with short-term all-cause mortality and cost. Cardiovascular comorbidities such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension remained significant predictors of AKI in the univariate analysis. AKI was significantly more likely to occur in patients with a lower arterial pH, lower albumin concentration, higher creatinine concentration, and higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. Patients treated with inotropic agents were significantly more likely to develop AKI during their hospital stay. Conclusion This study suggests that cardiovascular comorbidities, arterial pH, the albumin concentration, the creatinine concentration, the NT-proBNP concentration, and use of inotropic agents are predictors of AKI in patients with ADHF.
Integrative analysis of ferroptosis-related genes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Cui De-jun , Chen Chen , Yuan Wen-qiang , Yang Yun-han , Han Lu 
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify and validate ferroptosis-related markers in ulcerative colitis (UC) to explore new directions for UC diagnosis and treatment. Methods We screened UC chips and ferroptosis-related genes from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), FerrDb, and GeneCards databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ferroptosis-related DEGs between the UC group and normal controls were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction analysis, and hub genes were screened. Peripheral blood chip and animal experiments were used to validate the ferroptosis-related hub genes. Finally, hub gene–transcription factor, hub gene–microRNA (miRNA), and hub gene–drug interaction networks were constructed. Results Overall, 26 ferroptosis-related DEGs were identified that were significantly enriched in energy pathways and metabolism. We identified ten ferroptosis-related hub genes from the protein–protein interaction network: IL6, PTGS2, HIF1A, CD44, MUC1, CAV1, NOS2, CXCL2, SCD, and ACSL4. In the peripheral blood chip GSE94648, CD44 and MUC1 were upregulated, which was consistent with the expression trend in GSE75214. Animal experiments showed that CD44 expression was significantly increased in the colon. Conclusions Our findings indicate that CD44 and MUC1 may be ferroptosis-related markers in UC.