bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri-urbanization of small cities in Java and its impacts on paddy fields: The case of Tegal Urban Region, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiansjah F H , Sugiri A , Ma’rif S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Extended urban formation and peri-urbanization processes have characterized the urbanization process in small cities in Java, the most fertile island that produces more than half of the national rice production. The process has brought the growth of small cities’ urban activities expand to their rural surroundings and reduce the available paddy fields, which increase the impact on greenhouse gas production and spoiling rural resources. Using the case of extended formation in Tegal Region, formed by Tegal City and the two surrounding kabupaten (regencies/districts), this paper aims to discuss the influences of such urbanization process on paddy fields in the region. The analysis uses time serial statistical data gathered from the monograph of the region from 1990 until now. It uses kecamatan (sub-districts) as the observation units that are classified into some groups based on their distance to the city. The result shows that the peri-urbanization process of small cities also brings impacts on the availability of paddy fields, including those that are equipped with technical irrigation systems. Later, a discussion on policy implications of the peri-urbanization process of small cities that can be useful for formulating better approaches in managing small cities’ growth in the future concludes the paper.
DPSIR1 model approach to address land-use changes in Deli Serdang District, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Harahap M M , Kurniawan H , Mandasari D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deli Serdang Regency is bordered by Medan City, Langkat, Karo, Simalungun, and Serdang Bedagai Districts, North Sumatra Province. This study aimed to analyze land-use changes during ten years period in Deli Serdang District. Land-use changes were spatially analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The factors causing land-use changes, the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) models were used. The results showed that within an interval of ten years (2009-2019) there were land-use changes in Deli Serdang. The area of land use had increased, including: Mangrove forest (4,589.56 ha to 5,645.23 ha), industry (2,470.52 ha to 3,316.39 ha), open land (361.11 ha to 1,451.04 ha), Plantation (80,649.32 ha to 88,411.56 ha), settlement (21,596.50 ha to 23,581.43 ha) and shrubs (2,332.16 ha to 3,013.33 ha). The area of land use that were reduced include dryland forests, mixed gardens, cultivation, paddy fields and ponds. The increasing open land and industry, the reduction in the vegetation area, especially forests, are the important issues in climate change because forests acts as carbon absorber. Based on the DPSIR analysis, population increase is a trigger factor for land–use changes in Deli Serdang Regency.
The environmentally friendly technology: A framework for the development of tidal swampland to promote food production in Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf WA , Husnain  , Anwar K , Khairullah I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High yield and low methane emission are two goals in tidal swampland management systems. In tidal swampland, draining converts soil organic matter to be oxidized and release emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Organic matter has been used as a soil amendment to improve the properties of this soil. Methane is produced by anaerobic soil bacteria, methanogens, and methanotrophs, by utilizing organic matter from the soil and rice root exudates, and it is transported to the atmosphere through aerenchyma. In wetland soil, rice straw incorporation with and existing vegetation are a source of organic matter to improve soil fertility. However, management of organic matter with a traditional system called “Tajak, Puntal, Ampar” often increase methane (CH4) emissions, one of the main sources of anthropogenic CH4. A portion of organic matter decomposition in saturated soils yielding methane (CH4) rather than CO2. Methane is one of the main greenhouse gases and is known to be a major cause of global warming. We analyze each of the components of technology and its relation to lessons learned. The environmentally friendly technology in tidal swampland includes: water management, land preparation and land management, amelioration and fertilization, use of low-emission varieties, and intercropping. Implementation of this technology in swamps can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents a framework for environmentally friendly farming in the wetland for food production, which includes (1) the characterization and problem of soil; and (2) environmentally friendly technology. Implementation of this technology in swamps can reduce GHG
The stability of high Zinc rice strain in different agro climate conditions
Authors: Barokah Umi , Parjanto  , Djoar D W , Susanto Untung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The production of crops, especially rice, is agitated due to climate change. The change in climate conditions causes the change of growing and harvesting season of rice. Zinc is a micronutrient that is needed by the body for its growth. The symptoms of zinc deficiency, both small and large, can cause stunted growth, eczema, hair loss, delayed sexual maturity and mental development disorders. This study aimed to determine agronomic performance stability and rice genotypes’ yield with high-contain zinc and high yield in different agro-climate conditions. The test was carried out on two different agro-climates, namely, in Karang Village, Karang Pandan, Karanganyar (highlands) with a height of + 830 meters above sea level (masl) and in Plumbon Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo (lowlands) with a height of + 121 masl, from February to June 2017. A total of ten strains and two comparative varieties (Ciherang and Inpari 5 Merawu) were tested using a Randomized Block Design repeated four times on a 4m x 5m plot following a spacing of 25cm x 25cm and using transplanting techniques. The test results showed that the strain of IR 97477-115-1-CRB-0-SKI-1-SKI-0-2, IR 99284-15-3-2, IR 97477-115-1-CRB-0-SKI-3-SKI-0-2, B13884E-MR-22-3-1 and B13884-MR-29-1-1 had a relatively high-contain Zinc of broken rice in the two test sites. However, the strain of IR 97477-115-1-CRB-0-SKI-1-SKI-0-2 and IR 97477-115-1-CRB-0-SKI-3-SKI-0-2 had high stability of yield and Zinc content in different agro-climate conditions. So, it is prospective to provide new high yielding varieties.
Estimation of greenhouse gases from sewage from on-site sewage management system
Authors: Pratama M A , Amrina U , Kristanto G A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions plays an important role in preventing global warming and climate change. It is generally known that domestic wastewater management activities are significant contributors to the emissions due to its biological process that produces methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Various studies related to GHGs emissions from this sector have been conducted. However, only limited studies focused on the on-site sewage treatment. Since 72% of total existing wastewater treatment facilities in Indonesia are on-site systems, this study attempted to estimate GHGs emissions from each component in the system using the IPCC method. Depok City was chosen as the study case and the estimation was limited to on-site treatment tank, wastewater collection tank, and fecal sludge treatment system. Our study estimated that the total annual emissions from the on-site sewage system in Depok City were 232.45 Gg CO2eq, consisted of 232.39 Gg CO2eq of on-site emissions and 0.0662 Gg CO2eq of off-site emissions. Among the system component, direct emissions from the on-site treatment such as septic tanks is the highest contributor to the total emission (70% followed by direct emission from fecal sludge treatment plant (19%). Through scenario evaluations, this study suggests that converting private septic tanks into the communal type is the most effective strategy in reducing total GHGs emissions from on-site wastewater treatment systems.
The characteristics of swampland rice farming in South Sumatra: local wisdom for climate change mitigation
Authors: Ratmini N P S , Herwenita  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Swampland has been used for agriculture for hundreds of years, yet most still use traditional ways. In general, rice farming in swampland is cultivated once a year before the dry season depending on land classification. This paper presents the swampland rice farming system’s role as local wisdom that needs to be maintained for environment preservation and climate change mitigation. Data was collected through interviews with farmers and extension workers and reviews of relevant experimental studies and articles. The success of rice farming in swampland is primarily determined by nature such as sudden flood and drought. Swampland is divided into three typologies, namely shallow swampland, mid swampland, and deep swampland. The nursery system and rice variety selection are key for successful rice farming in swampland. There are dry and floating nursery systems in South Sumatra. The dry nursery is carried out in dry land and field beds, usually done for shallow swampland; floating nursery is carried out in higher water level swampland using rafts made from waterweeds. Some of superior adaptive varieties in swampland are Inpara-1, Inpara-2, Inpara-4, Batutegi, Limboto, Inpari-1, Inpari-4, Inpari-6, Inpari-9 and Mekongga which may increase production in swampland.
The spatial ecology dynamics of groundwater quality: a case study of the urban environment, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Nurroh S , Gunawan T , Kurniawan A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ecological vulnerability assessment is essential to environmental degradation and resource management, particularly in the urban environment that given recent global warming concerns. In this study, we propose to evaluate the spatial ecology dynamics of groundwater quality with a typical ecologically in the urban environment, Yogyakarta city, as a case study. The proposed method is based on the definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Water (IPCC VI) using software GeoDA 10.4. The results of the research study indicated the ecological spatial dynamics of quality groundwater in Yogyakarta City had variations in spatial correlation distribution. The overall result is 19% of the High-High (HH) classification areas appeared mainly between high concentration and the high population densities, where the economic activities have been developing rapidly. As well, 27% of the Low-Low (LL) classification areas appeared mainly between low concentration and the low population densities. The applied analysis indicates a spatial correlation between groundwater quality index and population densities index in the urban environment with positive autocorrelation. Based on result research that indicates the urgency of applying the sanitation facilities to convince local society for anticipating climate change regarding groundwater quality.
Pattern of forest biomass recovery and biodiversity loss after reduced impact logging in East Kalimantan
Authors: Susanty F H 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change substantially impacts sustainable ecosystem management, seeking to maintain the maximum amount of biomass and control biodiversity loss. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is a means to reduce the impact of biomass and biodiversity loss on natural production. This practice makes an important contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aimed to determine the variation pattern of biomass recovery and biodiversity loss on natural forest stands after using the RIL technique. The approach to assessing the pattern was based on measuring growth patterns and quantitative ecological parameters on stands. The value was constructed based on STREK plots data in the Labanan forest. The total plot was 48 ha with 4 different treatments, using 28 years of data measurements. The biomass recovery values pattern is based on stand structure pattern, basal area, volume and aboveground biomass values. The biodiversity loss indicated by quantitative ecological values included a heterogeneity index, richness index, and similarity index. Fluctuations on stand structure changes followed lognormal curves. This study demonstrates the importance of the RIL technique in maintaining existing stored biomass in standing stock and allowing 99 % recovery 27 years after logging. This technique could curtail biodiversity loss as indicated by maintaining the high heterogeneity and richness indices of species, but the similarity to the primary forest’s initial conditions will reach 60–70 %.
1-D HEC-RAS modelling and the vulnerability level assessment of Belik River sub-watershed
Authors: Prastica R M S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Restoration of sub-watershed needs a comprehensive point of views because the climate change factors could affect any environment aspects inside it. The paper investigates the Belik River sub-watershed in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research aims to analyze the characteristics of the river in the study area and to assess its vulnerability level. The observation employs HEC-RAS supporting tool to simulate 1-D frames of the river to visualize the characteristics of the river. Then, the vulnerability level is evaluated by field survey to conclude the restoration strategy in the sub-watershed. There are two findings in this research: first, the river has a high level of vulnerability to the water-related disaster and second, the sub-watershed is classified as high-risk level of the endangered environment. Hence, the proposed restoration strategy is compulsorily needed to mitigate and to rehabilitate the sub-watershed. To conclude, the Belik River sub-watershed could be categorized as a red zone of high-risk level towards environmental vulnerability to flooding, contaminants, aquatic habitat, and social prosperity.
The hydraulics analysis of the USBR stilling basin type of a dam under multiple flow discharge scenarios (A case study of Temef Dam, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia)
Authors: Widiarti W Y , Wiyono R U A , Laksono N J T , Wahyuni S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Temef Dam was built to meet the needs of water supply and irrigation. Climate change and dam construction exaggerate security issues related to water resources. One important part of dam construction is the stilling basin, which can dissipate the energy from the discharge of the spillway and preserve the dam from flooding and degradation. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate USBR stilling basin type under multiple flow discharge scenarios. The analysis involved 1) determining the designed flood hydrograph and 2) hydraulic analysis to select the USBR stilling basin. The study results showed that 1) analysis of the designed flood hydrograph for a 100-year return period up to the PMF showed values from 890 m3/second to 4300 m3/second and 2) the appropriate stilling basin is a USBR Type II. The results also presented detailed hydraulic structure calculations (stilling basin length = 47 m, stilling basin wall height = 15 m, steep channel blocks = 14 pieces, and indentation blocks = 9 pieces). This study is very useful because the right design will be able to ensure the smooth operation of the dam and prevent the dam from damage.
Promote collaborative governance? Review of disaster risk reduction strategy in Jakarta
Authors: Rahmayanti K P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Increasing climate change problems affect disaster risks that will be fundamental threats to sustainable development. Climate change has driven global warming results in repeated severe flooding across Greater Jakarta and its surrounding cities. Central, provincial, and local government regulations reflect the public sectors’ effort in disaster risk reduction. This study aims to analyze the current disaster risk reduction strategies and investigate the collaborative perspective on floods that affected the local government. This research utilizes a post-positivism approach and collects data through in-depth interviews, online media content analysis, and literature studies. The study found that the central and local governments have policies that are in place to reduce the risk of floods. The government already implemented structural and nonstructural disaster risk reduction. The result implies that various government levels already establish policies to increase collaborative perspectives among government institutions. However, it is essential to create an integrated framework to facilitate a more collaborative process in managing floods in Jakarta.
Cumulonimbus cloud prediction based on machine learning approach using radiosonde data in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Putra R M , Fibriantika E , Herawati H , Kusumayanti Y , Afriani E , Hidayanti A , Wiujiana A , Swastiko W A , Andrianto D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncrease in frequency and strength of cumulonimbus is one of the impacts of climate change. The presence of cumulonimbus usuallyy causes extreme weather. Cumulonimbus can produce heavy rainfalls, tornadoes, turbulences, and other extreme weather events. Upper air conditions have a great effect on the process of cloud growth. Radiosonde observations can be used to predict the presence of cumulonimbus in the short-term period of weather forecast. This study aimed to predict the occurrence of cumulonimbus using radiosonde data based on the machine learning approach. In this study, indices data from upper-air observation were used. The model prediction of radiosonde data was trained using machine learning to predict the presence of cumulonimbus. Based on data processing results, the prediction of cumulonimbus events using radiosonde indices data is good enough when implemented in new test data. The influence of the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) index in the predictor index predicts cumulonimbus. Machine learning model can predict cumulonimbus incidence by 80% in one month testing period when adding the CAPE index. Meanwhile, when not using CAPE, cumulonimbus events’ predicted results only reach 72% of events. The false alarm rate when adding CAPE was 17% and without CAPE was 21%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the prediction of cumulonimbus cloud events using radiosonde data based on the machine learning approach is sufficiently reliable to be used.
The changes of the start in the wet season and dry season and potential electrical energy on wet season based on hydrology (Case: Kalijirak River, Karanganyar Regency)
Authors: Hadiani R R , Solichin  , Rosyid M I , Pariyanto D , Hadi S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change causes changes at the beginning of the rainy season and the dry season. In Microhydro planning, determining the rainy season’s right start is very important to determine the energy potential. The beginning of the dry season is an excellent time to start carrying out structural work. This research was conducted in Kalijirak River, Mount Bromo Forest and Karanganyar Regency, a forest protected by the Indonesian government. The survey shows that the river flow is up to 1,458 m3/s in the dry season. This discharge is the potential to generate electrical energy. The construction must build in the dry season. This research aims to determine the beginning of the rainfall season to know the potential energy can generate and the beginning of the dry season to schedule the construction—analysis of seasonal changes based on rainfall intensity while analyzing energy potential based on dependable discharge. The rainfall-runoff simulation uses the Mock method to produce a dependable discharge. The results show that the beginning of the November rainy season period secondmeans that the rainy season shifts back four periods, and the beginning of the dry season in May period 2 means the dry season shifts back four periods). This means, if the season moves late, the start of construction is also late. It late up to fourPeriode. Besides that, it also shows that the annual energy potential is 64,774,372 kWh.
Variability of PM10 in a Global Atmosphere Watch Station near the equator
Authors: Supeni A , Permadi D A , Gunawan D , Dayantolis W , Suwarman R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Particulate Matter or aerosol is associated with climate change and global warming through the effect called radiative forcing. Biomass burning aerosol consists of Black Carbon, which has a positive radiative forcing that warms the atmosphere. The goal of this study is to ascertain biomass burning in Sumatera Island’s effect on aerosol concentration. We used Particulate Matter with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) concentration in the near equator Global Atmosphere Watch Bukit Kototabang (GAW-BKT) and biomass burning in Sumatera Island from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) hotspot count. The statistical and spatial analysis was done for 2014-2018, which include the severe 2015 biomass-burning season. From the analysis of PM10 concentration and hotspot (R2=0.85) and air mass trajectories, biomass burning in Sumatera is the source of PM10 in GAW-BKT. Statistical analysis showed that hotspot in Sumatera, as well as PM10 concentration, follows a monsoonal pattern where the 90th percentile of the hotspot and PM10 concentration fell on dry season. The seasonal variabilities of particulates suggest the strong contribution of biomass open burning which occurred annually with different intensities.
Gas emission study of a crop residue burning machine
Authors: Sulastri N N , Long J , Buser M , Funk P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Crop residue burning is a common agriculture practice to eliminate post-harvest vegetative material, which hinders the seedling of the next crop. A prototype of a crop residue burning machine was developed and equipped with six LPG burners. The burners were designed as a forced-draft burner where the air was supplied by a blower/pump. While open field burning is a practical and economical practice for controlling insects, diseases, and weeds, the environmental risks of this activity are an issue. Open biomass burning is a major source of global air pollutants and has a major impact on global climate change. This study aimed to estimate the concentration of CO and NOx emitted from the combustion using this prototype. CO and NOx are important indirect greenhouse gases that affect the formation of tropospheric ozone or change the lifetime of methane. The air pollutants were measured using ECOM-EN2. The gas velocity, static pressure, and gas concentration were sampled with 1 minute’s average sampling time. Gas emission study shows a high concentration of O2 in the flue gas. The recorded CO and NOx concentration exceeds the concentrations that regulated by EPA NAAQS. The average combustion efficiency of 98.0±0.3%, the highest emission factors for CO, NO, and NO2 are 57, 3.7, and 0.5 lb/acre, respectively.