bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Natural Resources for Highly Efficient Treatment of Polluted Water
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Holze Rudolf , Moyo Simbarashe , Wang Song , Li Sanxi , Tang Tao , Chen Xuecheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, a series of three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanomaterial with large specific surface area and hierarchical pores were selectively prepared from biomass with varied properties obtained by tuning the carbonization temperature and activation agent. The optimized carbon sample (PC-500-6) exhibits a typical hierarchical porous structure with a high specific surface area (3203 m2/g) and pore size distribution in the range 0.8 to 3.0 nm, which shows excellent adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity even reaches 917.43 mg/g, which is among one of the best results up to now. Through analysis of the adsorption data, it is found that the corresponding adsorption kinetic fits the pseudo-second-order model very well. The present results demonstrate that biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon has a real potential application for wastewater treatment.Background:Dealing with the ever-increasing water pollution has become an urgent global problem, especially the organic containing polluted water. The physical adsorption has become one of the most popular ways for removal of organic dyes from wastewater due to its low cost as well as high efficiency. However, the adsorption performance is still limited by the low specific surface area (SSA) and unsuitable pore size. Hence, it is still a challenge to synthesize active carbon (AC) with high SSA, suitable pore size distribution as well as low cost for polluted water treatment. Here, we report an efficient method to prepare AC with large SSA from jujube for removal of MB in aqueous solution. The present results demonstrate that biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon has a real potential application for wastewater treatment.Results:The as-prepared hierarchical porous structure carbon material (PC-500-6) shows a high specific surface area (3203 m2/g) and pore size distribution in the range 0.8 to 3.0 nm, while exhibits an enhanced adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity even reaches 917.43 mg/g, which was calculated from Langmuir model. Through analysis of the adsorption data, it is found that the corresponding adsorption kinetic fits the pseudo-second-order model very well.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the adsorption of MB has a strong correlation with SSA, pore size distribution as well as the pore volume. The present study paved a practical way for wastewater treatment by using biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon.
Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V by Gas-liquid Mixed EDM
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Li , Wang Ning , Meng Jianbing , Ren Jianhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in many fields due to its excellent properties. However, its further applications is limited by its low hardness and poor wear resistance. In this paper, gas-liquid mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) process was applied for surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The multi-hole electrode was adopted to flow nitrogen to mix nitrogen with special spark oil. The effect of different parameters (peak current and pulse duration) on surface morphology, cross section morphology, micro hardness and wear resistance were investigated. The results indicated that the gas-liquid mixed EDM process has better performance on sample surface with fewer pores and shallow craters. A continuous and thick recast layer was obtained by gas-liquid mixed EDM process and N element was migrated to the sample surface from nitrogen gas. The XRD results demonstrated that TiN hard phase was formed on the sample surface, thus the micro hardness was nearly three times higher than that of the matrix, reaching 1329.5HV, and the wear resistance is improved accordingly. The surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was modified by gas-liquid mixed EDM process.
Lipid ratios and obesity indices as effective predictors of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kaluzna Malgorzata , Człapka-Matyasik Magdalena , Kompf Pola , Moczko Jerzy , Wachowiak-Ochmańska Katarzyna , Janicki Adam , Wosicka-Frąckowiak Hanna , Ruchała Marek , Ziemnicka Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Reference Values of Left and Right Atrial Volumes and Phasic Function based on A Large Sample of Healthy Chinese Adults: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Gao Yiyuan , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Shanshan , Li Gengxiao , Lou Mingwu , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhao Jun , Li Kuncheng , Pohost Gerald M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The left and right atrial (LA and RA) volumes and function are tightly linked to the morbidity and mortality of multiple cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to establish cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference values for LA and RA volumes and phasic function based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults. 408 validated healthy Chinese adults (54% men; aged 21–70 years) were included. The atrial volumes: maximum, minimum, and pre-atrial contraction (Vmax, Vmin, and Vpac); atrial phasic emptying fractions: total, passive, and booster (EF total, EF passive, and EF booster); atrial phasic emptying volumes: total, passive, and active (TEV, PEV, and AEV); and atrial expansion index (EI) were measured. Normal reference values were calculated and were stratified by sex (men and women) and age decades. The absolute LA and RA volumes and the indexed RA volumes were all greater in men. Women demonstrated higher LAEF total, LAEF booster, LAEI, RAEF total, RAEF passive, RAEF booster, and RAEI, while men had greater RATEV and RAAEV. Aging was positively correlated with the absolute and indexed LA and RA volumes, except for LA Vmax. LA and RA reservoir and conduit function including EF total, EI, EF passive, and PEV increased with age, while the atrial booster function (EF booster and AEV) decreased. We systematically provide age- and sex-specific CMR reference values for LA, RA volumes and phasic function based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults with a wide age range. Both age and sex are closely associated with atrial volumes and function.
The rare anatomical variant of upper lobe
Authors: shen cheng , che guowei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary disease in thorax associated with an azygos lobe is extremely rare. It is usually identified incidentally on chest X-ray or CT during health checkups with an incidence of up to 0.2%. This is the first study involving 46 of patients found with azygos lobe in surgery of English literature from January 1931 to July 2020.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science databases were searched for full-text literatures met out inclusion criteria. We summarized the clinical data, radiological manifestation, accompanying disease and treatment strategy of all patients.
Results
18 eligible studies involving 46 patients were selected for this research. The mean age was 36.5 years old. There were 26 male patients and 20 female patients and the male to female ratio nearly to 1.3:1. There were many different primary diseases with azygos lobe including lung cancer (n = 8), spontaneous pneumothorax (n = 5), esophageal cancer (n = 1), pulmonary sequestration (n = 1), esophageal atresia (n = 2), hyperhidrosis (n = 29). The azygos lobe (azygos lobe in Figs. 1 and 2) is an uncommon anomaly that is found in 1% of anatomic specimens, on about 0.4% of chest radiographs and 1.2% of high resolution CT. The azygos lobe is a developmental anomaly but not a true accessory lobe. Azygos lobe of all patients was diagnosed during the operation.
Conclusions
Azygos lobe occurs in 0.2% of the population and can make clinical diagnosis difficult. The detection of this anomaly and clarification of its precise anatomical features are important to alert the surgeon to potential problems during surgery.
Surface Electroencephalography (EEG) During the Acute Phase of Stroke to Assist With Diagnosis and Prediction of Prognosis: a Scoping Review.
Authors: Sutcliffe Lou , Lumley Hannah , Shaw Lisa , Francis Richard , Price Christopher I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStroke is a common medical emergency responsible for significant mortality and disability. Early identification improves outcomes by promoting access to time-critical treatments such as thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO), whilst accurate prognosis could inform many acute management decisions. Surface electroencephalography (EEG) shows promise for stroke identification and outcome prediction, but evaluations have varied in technology, setting, population and purpose. This scoping review aimed to summarise published literature addressing the following questions:1. Can EEG during acute clinical assessment identify:a) Stroke versus non-stroke mimic conditionsb) Ischaemic versus haemorrhagic strokec) Ischaemic stroke due to LVO. 2. Can these states be identified if EEG is applied <6hrs since onset. 3. Does EEG during acute assessment predict clinical recovery following confirmed stroke.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of five bibliographic databases ending 19/10/2020. Two reviewers assessed eligibility of articles describing diagnostic and/or prognostic EEG application <72hrs since suspected or confirmed stroke. ResultsFrom 5892 abstracts, 210 full text articles were screened and 39 retained. Studies were small and heterogeneous. Amongst 21 reports of diagnostic data, consistent associations were reported between stroke, greater delta power, reduced alpha/beta power, corresponding ratios and greater brain asymmetry. When reported, the area under the curve (AUC) was at least good (0.81–1.00). Only one study combined clinical and EEG data (AUC 0.88). There was little data found describing whether EEG could identify ischaemic versus haemorrhagic stroke. Radiological changes suggestive of LVO were also associated with increased slow and decreased fast waves. The only study with angiographic proof of LVO reported AUC 0.86 for detection <24hrs since onset. Amongst 26 reports of prognostic data, increased slow and reduced fast wave EEG changes were associated with future dependency, neurological impairment, mortality and poor cognition, but there was little evidence that EEG enhanced outcome prediction relative to clinical and/or radiological variables. Only one study focussed solely on patients <6hrs since onset, for predicting neurological prognosis post-thrombolysis.ConclusionsAlthough studies report important associations with EEG biomarkers, further technological development and adequately powered real-world studies are required before recommendations can be made regarding application during acute stroke assessment.
Kinetics and antimicrobial activity of gallic acid by novel bacterial co-culture system using Taguchi’s method and submerged fermentation
Authors: Selvaraj Subbalaxmi , Amaral Julia Moraes , MURTY VYTLA RAMACHANDRA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this present study, a tannase positive Bacillus gottheilii M2S2 and Bacillus cereus M1GT were co-cultivated for the production of gallic acid by using tannic acid as the sole carbon source through submerged fermentation. Optimizing various factors is important for the improvement of coculture metabolite production. Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) of Design of experimental (DOE) methodology was used to estimate the influence and significance of five factors (tannic acid concentration, glucose concentration, agitation speed, and inoculum size) on the gallic acid production in shake flask. L16 OA with five factors in four levels was considered with an experimental matrix of 16 trials. Among all the factors, Agitation speed contributed the highest for gallic acid production (28.28%), followed by glucose concentration (21.59%), inoculum size (19.6%), tannic acid concentration (19.54%), and pH (11.09%). Validation experiments were executed at the found optimized conditions which resulted in a 6.36-fold increase in gallic acid yield compared to the unoptimized condition. Further, the kinetics of growth, tannic acid degradation, and gallic acid yield were evaluated at the optimized conditions. The kinetic parameters Yx/s, Yp/s, and Yp/x were determined as 0.292 mg of cells/mg of tannic acid, 22.2 µg of gallic acid/mg of tannic acid, and 70.76 µg of gallic acid/mg of cells with a growth rate of 0.273 h− 1 after 24 h of fermentation. Finally, antimicrobial activity of the product gallic acid was investigated against food-borne pathogenic E. coli, and Serriatia marcescens, Bacillus sp. and S. aureus using the agar disc diffusion technique. Gallic acid showed bacteriostatic against E. coli, S. aureus, and Serriatia marcescens with a zone of inhibition of 2 cm, 1.6 cm, and 1.3 cm respectively. Thus the cost-effective bioproduct gallic acid proved to be potentially effective to control food poisoning diseases and preserve foodstuff.
SIRT1 Regulates the Phosphorylation and Degradation of P27 by Deacetylating CDK2 to Promote T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Progression
Authors: Wang Fangce , Li Zheng , Zhou Jie , Wang Guangming , Zhang Wenjun , Xu Jun , Liang Aibin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite marked advances in the clinical therapies, clinical outcome of most T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients remains poor, due to the high risk of relapse, even after complete remission. Previous studies suggest that the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has a dual role in hematologic malignancies, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor type. However, little is known about the expression and functions of SIRT1 in T-ALL leukemogenesis. Methods: Public RNA-seq data, a Notch1 driven T-ALL mouse model and γ-secretase inhibitor were used to identify SIRT1 expression in T-ALL. We knocked down SIRT1 expression with ShRNAs and assessed the impacts of SIRT1 deficiency on cell proliferation, colony formation, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transgenic SIRT1 knockout mice were used to determine the function of SIRT1 in vivo. RT-PCR, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyses were used to detect SIRT1, p27 and CDK2 expression and their interactions.Results: SIRT1 protein expression was positively correlated with the activation of Notch1. Downregulation of SIRT1 expression suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of T-ALL cell lines, which was reversed by SIRT1 overexpression. SIRT1 silencing prolonged the lifespan of T-ALL model mice. We demonstrated that p27 was involved in the downstream mechanism of cell cycle arrest induced by silencing SIRT1. SIRT1 increased the phosphorylation of p27 on Thr187 by deacetylating CDK2 and enhanced the interaction between p27 and SKP2 leading to the degradation of p27.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SIRT1 is a promising target in T-ALL and offer a mechanistic link between the upregulation of SIRT1 and downregulation of p27.
Salivary Metabolic Hormones as Biomarkers of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Manohar Shiny Lizia , Janardhanam Hemamalini Arambakkam , Ravichandran Latha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeObesity is a major threat to the health and development of children. While hormones in serum samples have been extensively investigated in childhood obesity research, our study attempts to explore salivary metabolic hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.MethodsObese (n=83) and non-obese (n=83) school children aged 6-11 years were recruited as cases and controls, respectively, for this case-control study. Salivary concentrations of the hormones, Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin were assessed and compared between obese and non-obese children to evaluate their role in childhood obesity.Results The mean ghrelin (1.69 ± 0.38) and adiponectin (95627.56 ± 64915.04) levels of the non-obese children were higher than the mean values of the obese, while the mean values of the hormones leptin (265.95 ± 83.16) and insulin (224.56 ± 184.86) were found to be higher among the obese. Higher levels of the hormones insulin (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12) and leptin (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) posed higher risks for childhood obesity, followed by adiponectin, which was found to be lower among the cases (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99995-0.99998) which increased the risk of childhood obesity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of saliva as a promising non-invasive tool in childhood obesity research and highlights the significance of appetite regulatory hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.Level of evidenceLevel III, Case-control study.
Relative differential equations from water treatment Leukocytes with self-operating computer
Authors: Nonomura Yuusuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Conventional differentiation has many problems, they are no smoothness, singularity, and non simultaneous.The origin of those problems is:1. Since the differentiation value of conventional differentiation has the infinitesimal real number (include the 10 problem of direction) direction), simultaneous equations are impossible rotation, vibration, and instability Moreover , it generates singularity.2. The problem concerning the existence of minus, There is no apple of a minus piece.A minus piece (a minus time and a minus space) does not exist in the macro world , although it is able to exist in the world of the uncertainty principle. Therefore , don't use the number of minuses absolutely . It is defined as an absolute arithmetic. Relatively the number of minuses should be used. It is defined as a relative arithmetic (operation).In this study, relative differential equation (RDE) by Zai Pair which elementized Nature World solves those problems. Concretely, RDE is able to obtain smoothness by Str Zai, obtain the solution from the singularity by Zai Pair, obtain Kyoku without the infinitesimal real number by Zai Pair and obtain independent from the conventional absolute coordinate system. Moreover, the RDE has self-operating computing, the RDE self-operating computer (SOC) is not model, and the RDE SOC is solution itself and the graph itself. In an example, inflammation itself is RDE SOC itself.
Complex Effects of Macrolide Venturicidins on Bacterial F-ATPases Likely Contribute to Their Action as Antibiotic Adjuvants
Authors: Milgrom Yakov M. , Duncan Thomas M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bacterial energy metabolism is now recognized as a critical factor for the efficacy of antibiotics. The F-type ATPase/ATP synthase (FOF1) is a central player in cellular bioenergetics of bacteria and eukaryotes, and its potential as a selective antibiotic target has been confirmed by the success of bedaquiline in combatting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Venturicidin macrolides were initially identified for their antifungal properties and were found to specifically inhibit FOF1 of eukaryotes and bacteria. Venturicidins alone are not effective antibacterials but recently were found to have adjuvant activity, potentiating the efficacy of aminoglycoside antibiotics against several species of resistant bacteria. Here we discovered more complex effects of venturicidins on the ATPase activity of FOF1 in bacterial membranes from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our major finding is that higher concentrations of venturicidin induce time– and ATP–dependent decoupling of F1-ATPase activity from the venturicidin-inhibited, proton-transporting FO complex. This dysregulated ATPase activity is likely to be a key factor in the depletion of cellular ATP induced by venturicidins in prior studies with P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Further studies of how this functional decoupling occurs could guide development of new antibiotics and/or adjuvants that target the F-type ATPase/ATP synthase.
Effects of Elemental Mercury Vapor Inhalation on Arterial Blood Gases, Lung Histology, and Interleukine-1 Expression in Pulmonary Tissues of Rats
Authors: Raffee Liqaa A. , Alawneh Khaled Z. , Alassaf Ruba A. , Alzoubi Abdallah , Alshehabat Musa A. , Alabdallah Nadeem , Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigated the effects of elemental mercury vapor inhalation on arterial blood gases (ABG's), lung histology, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression in pulmonary tissues in rats. A total of 42 Sprague-Dowley rats were divided randomly into three groups. Rats in the first group were used as control (CG). A Short-Term Group (STG) and Long-Term Group (LTG) were exposed to 7.3 µl of elemental mercury vapor for 21 days and 65 days, respectively. After exposure periods were completed, arterial blood samples were obtained, and ABG’s were measured. Lung tissue sections were prepared for histology evaluation and immune-stained to detect IL-1 expression. There was a significant decrease in body weight in both STG (15%) and LTG (22%) compared to the CG. In the LTG, six rats died (43%), while none of the rats in the STG died during the experiment. In both STG and LTG, a significant acid-base imbalance was characterized by a significant decrease in blood PH values and a significant increase in PCO2 values. Both PO2 and SpO2 blood values were significantly decreased in the STG and LTG, while no changes were observed in HCO3 values in all groups. Histological evaluation of lung tissues revealed severe lesions characterized by pulmonary emphysema and inflammatory cellular infiltrate. IL-1 expression in lung tissue was not significantly different between exposed rats and control subjects. These results indicate significant alterations in blood acid-base status characterized by severe respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia and no evidence of compensatory alkalosis in rats after short and long-term elementary mercury vapor exposure.
Fluctuations in Quality of Life and Immune Responses During Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusion Cycles
Authors: Abbott Jordan , Chan Sanny K , MacBeth Morgan , Crooks James L , Hancock Catherine , Knight Vijaya , Gelfand Erwin W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite adequate infection prophylaxis, variation in self-reported quality of life (QOL) throughout the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion cycle is a widely reported but infrequently studied phenomenon. To better understand this phenomenon, immunodeficiency subjects receiving replacement doses of IVIG were studied over 3 infusion cycles. Questionnaire data from 6 time points spread over 3 IVIG infusions cycles (infusion day and 7 days after each infusion) was collected in conjunction with monitoring the blood for number of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and levels of 40 secreted analytes: primarily cytokines and chemokines. At day 7, self-reported well-being increased, and self-reported fatigue decreased, reflecting an overall improvement in QOL 7 days after infusion. Over the same period, percentage of Treg cells in the blood increased (p<0.01). Multiple inflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels increased in the blood by 1 hour after infusion (CCL4 (MIP-1b), CCL3 (MIP-1a), CCL2 (MCP-1), TNF-α, granzyme B, IL-10, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ). The largest changes occurred in subjects initiated on IVIG during the study. A significant decrease in IL-25 (IL-17E) following infusion was seen in a majority of intervals among subjects already receiving regular infusions prior to study entry. These findings confirm IVIG “wear off” and provide a basis for the phenomenon. Secondary findings including differences between IVIG-experienced and IVIG-naïve subjects and the novel finding of suppression of IL-25 levels in the blood following IVIG are identified as novel immunomodulatory aspects of IVIG infusion in immunodeficient patients worthy of further exploration.