bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different concentrations of corn starch and whey protein on the characteristics of biodegradable cup
Authors: Attri Sonia , Talwar Gopika , Kumar Narender , Chawla Rekha , Wakchaure Nitin 
Published: March 2021

An attempt was made to prepare a composite biodegradable cup using corn starch, whey protein, carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol. For biodegradable cup formation, corn starch (5-7%), WPC-35 (1.5-3%), CMC (0.5-2%) and glycerol (2-4%) range was selected. To decide upon temperature at which the cup forming solution attains final viscosity, samples were tested under rapid visco analyser to conclude that layering was enabled at 50oC. Based on observations three best biodegradable cups combinations were selected Sample A (corn starch 7%, WPC-35 3%, Cellulose 2%, glycerol 2.5%); Sample B (corn starch 7%, WPC-35 2%, Cellulose 2%, glycerol 2.5%); Sample C (corn starch 7%, WPC-35 3%, Cellulose 2%, glycerol 4.0%). Properties like thickness, solubility, water vapour transmission rate, viscosity, moisture, lightness were studied for three samples to select the final cup. Based on observation, Sample C's final composition was selected as corn starch 7%, WPC-35 3%, cellulose 2%, glycerol 4.0%. The value for thickness, solubility, WVTR, moisture and lightness was observed as 0.5±0.025mm, 48.50±0.66%, 1.14±0.086g/m2/hr, 7.74±0.16%, 41.96±1.86 respectively. The lower diameter of the cup was observed as 5.5cm, upper diameter 7.5cm and height of cup was observed as 4.0 cm with the capacity of the final cup as 55.5ml/47.1gm.
The Bayesian reconstruction and the evolutionary history of Salivirus type 1 and type 2: the worldwide spreading
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Benvenuto Domenico , Fogolari Marta , De Flora Cecilia , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Maida Ivana , Bazzardi Riccardo , Spoto Silvia , Pascarella Stefano , Mugosa Boban , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Salivirus (SalV) represents an emerging problem in public health especially during the recent years. In this study, the Bayesian evolutionary history and the spread of the virus through the different countries have been reported.
Methodology: a database of 81 sequences of SalV structural VP1 fragment were downloaded from GenBank, aligned and manually edited by Bioedit Software. ModelTest v. 3.7 software was used to estimate the simplest evolutionary model fitting the sequence dataset. A Maximum-Likelihood tree has been generated using MEGA-X to test the “clockliness” signal using TempEst 1.5.1. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built by BEAST. Homology modelling was performed by SWISS-Model and protein variability evaluated by ConSurf server.
Results: the phylogenetic tree showed a clade of SalV A2 and three main clades of SalV A1, revealing several infections in humans in South Korea, India, Tunisia, China, Nigeria, Ethiopia and USA. The Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree and the time of the most common recent ancestor dated back the root of the tree to the year 1788 with the probable origin in USA. Selective pressure analysis revealed two positive selection sites, His at 100th and Leu at 116th positions that at the homology modelling resulted important to guarantee protein stability and variability. This could contribute to the development of new mutations modifying the clinical features of this evolving virus.
Conclusions: Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic represented a useful tool to follow the transmission dynamic of SalV and to prevent new epidemics worldwide.
Arrhythmia Risk Profile and Ventricular Repolarization Indices in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tondas Alexander Edo , Mulawarman Rido , Trifitriana Monica , Nurmaini Siti , Irfannuddin Irfannuddin 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Several electrocardiographic markers have been used to predict the risk of arrhythmia in patients with COVID-19. We aim to investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) ventricular repolarization indices in patients with COVID-19.
Methodology: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search from PubMed, EuropePMC, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Database, and Google Scholar Preprint Servers. The primary endpoints of this search were: Tp-e (T-peak-to-T-end) interval, QTd (QT dispersion), and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 from inception up until August 2020.
Results: There were a total of 241 patients from 2 studies. Meta-analysis showed that Tp-e/QTc ratio was higher in COVID-19 group (mean difference 0.02 [0.01, 0.02], p < 0.001; I2: 18%,). Tp-e interval was more prolonged in COVID-19 group (mean difference 7.76 [3.11, 12.41], p < 0.001; I2: 80%) compared to control group. QT dispersion (QTd) also was increased in COVID-19 group (mean difference 1.22 [0.61, 1.83], p < 0.001 ; I2:30%).
Conclusions: Several electrocardiographic markers including Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e interval, and QTd are significantly increased in patients with COVID-19.
Doxycycline: An antibiotic with brain protective function in vanadium-intoxicated rats
Authors: Emtawel Mohamed Negia , Gassar Ezeddin , Abdulla Sara , Elfakhri Mustafa , Patel Ayyub , Haider Syed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Exposure to vanadium exhibits deleterious neurotoxicity. Doxycycline is a potential antioxidant that prevents the progression of disease through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Objectives: This research investigates the neuroprotective effects of doxycycline, in different rat brain areas in an animal model intoxicated with vanadium. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following four groups: control group, doxycycline-treated group, vanadium-treated group, and concomitant doses of doxycycline plus vanadium-treated group, all given orally for 10 consecutive days. The animals were watched daily for any signs of neurological defects. They were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after the last dose. Brain was removed rapidly and dissected into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Biochemical studies including the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Results: The results revealed that vanadium produced significant reduction in body and absolute brain weight, with neurological function deficits. Vanadium significantly decreased the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and GSH and inhibited AChE activity together with significant increase in gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels compared to saline controls. Animals which were given the combined treatment of vanadium and doxycycline regained weight and became normal. Moreover, doxycycline reversed the effect of vanadium on the metabolic variables and inhibited lipid peroxidation nearing to normal levels to that of saline controls. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antioxidant or chelating action of doxycycline against vanadium neurotoxicity and its therapeutic potential to avert neurodegenerative changes in different rat brain areas.
Open Waste Canals as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Aerosols in Urban Kanpur, India
Authors: Ginn Olivia , Berendes David , Wood Anna , Bivins Aaron , Rocha-Melogno Lucas , Deshusses Marc A. , Tripathi Sachchida N. , Bergin Michael H. , Brown Joe 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the movement of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is critical to managing their spread. To assess potential ARG transport through the air via urban bioaerosols in cities with poor sanitation, we quantified ARGs and a mobile integron (MI) in ambient air over periods spanning rainy and dry seasons in Kanpur, India (n = 53), where open wastewater canals (OWCs) are prevalent. Gene targets represented major antibiotic groups—tetracyclines (tetA), fluoroquinolines (qnrB), and beta-lactams (blaTEM)—and a class 1 mobile integron (intI1). Over half of air samples located near, and up to 1 km from OWCs with fecal contamination (n = 45) in Kanpur had detectable targets above the experimentally determined limits of detection (LOD): most commonly intI1 and tetA (56% and 51% of samples, respectively), followed by blaTEM (8.9%) and qnrB (0%). ARG and MI densities in these positive air samples ranged from 6.9 × 101 to 5.2 × 103 gene copies/m3 air. Most (7/8) control samples collected 1 km away from OWCs were negative for any targets. In comparing experimental samples with control samples, we found that intI1 and tetA densities in air are significantly higher (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively, alpha = 0.05) near laboratory-confirmed fecal contaminated waters than at the control site. These data suggest increased densities of ARGs and MIs in bioaerosols in urban environments with inadequate sanitation. In such settings, aerosols may play a role in the spread of AR.
Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
Authors: Spencer Stephen A. , Linder Cortland , Penney James M. StJ. , Russell Hannah J. , Hyde Kate , Sheehy Caitlin , Reid Alice , Andriamasy Emmanuel H. , Raderalazasoa Gina U. , Rakotomampianina Daniel A. L. , Nandimbiniaina Anjara M. , Ranaivoson Tahiry N. , Andrianiaina Antsa , Cruickshank Sheena M. , Bustinduy Amaya L. , Stothard J. Russell , Edosoa Glenn T. , Rahetilahy Alain M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such as health education. The impact of annual MDA and health education programs was assessed in the hard-to-reach Marolambo district of eastern Madagascar, an area endemic for S. mansoni. Repeated cross-sectional studies undertaken 2015–2019 examined between 300 and 381 school-aged children (aged 5–14 years) annually. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni were assessed by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy using Kato–Katz (KK) methodologies. After four rounds of annual MDA, a reduction in S. mansoni prevalence was seen in CCA (93.9% in year 1–87.7% in year 5; P = 0.007) and KK (73.9% in year 1–59.4% in year 5; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections roughly halved from 23.7% to 10.1% (P < 0.0001), and the mean intensity of infection fell by 55.0% (480.2–216.3 eggs per gram of feces). A malacological survey found Biomphalaria pfeifferi snail intermediate hosts in multiple water contact sites including rice paddies, streams, and Nosivolo River. Despite reductions in infection prevalence and intensity, schistosomiasis still poses a significant public health challenge in Marolambo district. Twice yearly MDA cycles and/or community-wide MDA are suggested to better reduce infections. Expanding health education, improving standards of water, sanitation and hygiene, and attention on snail-related control will also be important, especially in rice paddy irrigated areas.
Apologétique et protestation de la conscience chrétienne
Authors: Chalamet Christophe 
Published: March 2021

À partir de 1928, Marc Boegner a donné avec une très grande régularité des Conférences de Carême à Passy sur divers thèmes théologiques et religieux. Radiodiffusées et publiées sous la forme d’ouvrages, ces conférences nous donnent accès au cœur de la pensée de l’un des principaux chefs de file du protestantisme français au milieu du XXe siècle. De l’étude de ces textes ressortent nettement l’intention apologétique qui motivait ces prises de parole ainsi que leur audace œcuménique, à une époque où le dialogue avec le catholicisme-romain et le christianisme oriental ou orthodoxe était balbutiant. Marqué par son oncle Tommy Fallot comme par le Père Laberthonnière, Boegner appelle ses auditeurs et ses lecteurs, dans un contexte où les totalitarismes communiste et fasciste fascinaient un nombre croissant d’hommes et de femmes, à ne pas se laisser aveugler par ce type d’idolâtrie et à incarner les « solidarités voulues de Dieu ».
Marc Boegner, ou de la figure du chef en protestantisme français, particulièrement au cours des années 1940
Authors: Cabanel Patrick 
Published: March 2021

Marc Boegner a présidé à partir des années 1930 presque tout ce qui était à présider dans les instances du protestantisme français, dont la Fédération protestante et l’Église réformée récemment réunifiée. Il l’a fait de manière parfaitement démocratique, quoique avec une appétence et une durée qui requièrent l’analyse. Boegner a bien compris une époque marquée par le désir d’autorité. L’article revient sur son rôle important et complexe dans les années 1940 et sur son choix d’une Église non « confessante » et de négociations feutrées (mais vaines) avec Vichy, et discrètes mais fécondes avec Berne.
INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND RELIGION ON THE EXAMINATION STRESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Adegboro Joseph , Ajayi N 
Published: March 2021

Background: Stress can raise the blood pressure of a subject and a number of environmental factors can change that level of the stress, especially the examination stress. These factors which include gender and religion are referred to as modifiers of stress.
Objective: This study was therefore designed, using data of blood pressure, to understand the influence of religion and gender on the effect of examination stress on blood pressure of the secondary school students in South Western (SW) Nigeria.
Methodology: The population of the study comprises all the students of Oroke Grammar School, Akungba Akoko (650) out of which a sample of 351 that satisfied our criteria was selected, using purposive sampling technique. Digital sphygmomanometer was used to measure the actual blood pressure readings of the respondents twice on each occasion and with at least thirty minutes interval in sitting positions. The measurements were carried out three times during the study, two weeks after resumption for the second term of the 2017/2018 academic year, two weeks before the second term examination and two weeks after resumption for the third term.
Results: In this work, a rule of thumb was used to connect the perceived stress (PS) and the % change in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) when a subject is stressed, as PS=100/(% change in SBP). The results show that the group of female students in the general population always feels more stressed than their male counterpart, and respectively in the Islam religion and in the Christian religion always feels more stressed than their respective male counterparts. Also the groups of male and the female students in the Islam religion always feel more stressed than their groups of male and female students in the Christian religion
Conclusion: Gender and religion were found to affect the level of perceived stress of the students. It was recommended that male students should be encouraged to go for regular blood pressure checkups as they are more likely not to feel stressed even when their blood pressure has increased much above the normal. This is one of the measurements the health personnel should do whenever a male student in particular is in the health centre. Because the number of Christian students in this work is much larger than the number of Muslim students, more research is needed with comparable number of students in each religious group to further understand how religious practices play a role in perceived stress of college students. Future research should include more variables that influence coping methods and parental influence and guidance.
A PERSPECTIVA DISCURSIVA DO VÍDEO-DOCUMENTÁRIO “MAR SEM FIM - UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO”:
Authors: Martins Fonseca Virginia , PIMENTEL BEATRIZ CAROLINA 
Published: March 2021

As unidades de conservação são de extrema importância para a preservação da biodiversidade, regidas pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação. A segunda temporada do vídeo-documentário “Mar Sem Fim” foi uma produção audiovisual nacional que contextualizou a realidade de tais territórios na costa litorânea do país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os aspectos discursivos do episódio 33 deste vídeo-documentário, que trata sobre a Reserva Extrativista de Canavieiras, na Bahia. Tais discursos foram analisados a luz dos processos de mobilização social, considerando as temáticas do conservacionismo, do uso público e da governança. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e caráter exploratório adotou a análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 1977) para compreensão dos discursos identificados no vídeo-documentário, que foram contextualizados com publicações científicas e documentos técnicos. A partir das temáticas elencadas, os discursos identificados na análise do vídeo-documentário evidenciam a importância do protagonismo feminino no contexto de criação desta área protegida bem como interesses relacionados a especulação imobiliária e práticas de carcinicultura que geram conflitos territoriais posto a falta de apoio governamental às comunidades tradicionais. Conclui-se que o vídeo-documentário pode ser uma potencial ferramenta educativa para o desenvolvimento de atividades voltadas à Educação Ambiental, com o intuito de instigar possíveis diálogos
Impact of climate change on poultry production: A review Impact du changement climatique sur la production avicole: un bilan
Authors: Irivboje O. A. , Olufayo O. O. , Irivboje Y. I. 
Published: March 2021

One of the major challenges the world is facing currently is the issue of climate change, which is majorly caused by the emission of greenhouse gas that results in warming of the atmosphere, thus poses a threat to agriculture, socio-economic development and feed sustainability. An aspect of agriculture majorly affected by climate change is poultry production. The effect of climate change can be felt by poultry birds due to its range in thermal condition that affects the animal's physiological and behavioural activities. Production in Poultry birds is mostly at its peak under a tolerable heat condition. An understanding of how to control environmental conditions is very crucial to a successful poultry production and welfare. Climate change influences the following aspect of poultry production; chicken embryonic development, growth and production efficiency, egg production and egg quality, meat quality and disease.

L'un des principaux défis auxquels le monde est actuellement confronté est le problème du changement climatique, qui est principalement causé par l'émission de gaz à effet de serre qui entraîne un réchauffement de l'atmosphère, qui constitue donc une menace pour l'agriculture, le développement socio-économique et la durabilité des aliments. La production de volaille est l'un des aspects de l'agriculture les plus touchés par le changement climatique. L'effet du changement climatique peut être ressenti par les volailles en raison de sa plage de conditions thermiques qui affecte les activités physiologiques et comportementales de l'animal. La production des volailles est surtout à son apogée dans des conditions de chaleur tolérables. Une compréhension de la façon de contrôler les conditions environnementales est très cruciale pour une production et un bien-être avicole réussis. Le changement climatique influence l'aspect suivant de la production de volaille; développement embryonnaire de poulet, croissance et efficacité de la production, production et qualité des œufs, qualité de la viande et maladies.
The role of selenium in ameliorating the impact of heat stress on growth, hormones, minerals and tibia measurements of broiler chickens
Authors: Ndubuisi D. I. , Daudu O. M. , Abdulrashid M. 
Published: March 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the potent capacity of selenium to curtail the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. A total of 256, day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four experimental treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mgSe/kg), with four replicates in a completely randomized design. Initial weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, daily water intake, feed cost/kg gain, mortality, serum cortisol and thyroxine levels, calcium, phosphorus and ash levels in tibia bone and faeces and weight, length and robusticity index of tibia bone were determined. Results indicated that Initial weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, daily water intake and mortality were similar (p>0.05) across the treatment groups and feed cost/kg gain was lower in broilers birds fed 0.3 mgSe/kg. Selenium supplementation at 0.1 and 0.2 mgSe/kg lowered (p<0.05) cortisol and increased (p>0.05) thyroxine level, respectively. Mineral deposition in tibia bone was similar (p>0.05), calcium excretion was higher (p<0.05) in the control group and higher phosphorus was observed in the faeces of broilers fed the control diet, 0.1 and 0.3 mgSe/kg. Tibia measurements were similar (p>0.05) in all treatments.

L'étude a été menée pour étudier la puissante capacité du sélénium à réduire les effets néfastes du stress thermique chez les poulets de chair. Un total de 256 poussins de poulets Cobb 500 âgés d'un jour ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements expérimentaux (0, 0.1, 0.2 et 0.3 mgSe / kg), avec quatre réplicats dans un plan complètement randomisé. Poids initial, apport alimentaire quotidien, gain de poids quotidien, poids final, taux de conversion alimentaire, apport quotidien en eau, coût de l'aliment / gain de kg, mortalité, taux de cortisol et de thyroxine sériques, taux de calcium, de phosphore et de cendres dans les os et les fèces du tibia et poids, la longueur et l'indice de robustesse de l'os du tibia ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont indiqué que le poids initial, l'apport alimentaire quotidien, le gain de poids quotidien, le poids final, le ratio de conversion alimentaire, l'apport quotidien en eau et la mortalité étaient similaires (p> 0.05) dans les groupes de traitement et le coût de l'alimentation / gain en kg était plus faible chez les poulets de chair nourris 0.3 mgSe / kg. Une supplémentation en sélénium à 0.1 et 0.2 mgSe / kg a abaissé (p <0.05) le cortisol et augmenté (p> 0.05) le taux de thyroxine, respectivement. Les dépôts de minéraux dans l'os du tibia étaient similaires (p> 0.05), l'excrétion de calcium était plus élevée (p <0.05) dans le groupe témoin et une plus grande quantité de phosphore a été observée dans les fèces des poulets de
Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Ali Fawad , Sohail Maarif 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of corporate social responsibility on the purchase intention of customers. Corporate Social Responsibility was measured on the basis of five factors, namely Customer Centric, Green Environment, Philanthropy, Public Awareness and Creating Shared Values. This was a quantitative, deductive and cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from 300 respondents from the University of the Punjab, Lahore. IBM-SPSS was used to analyses the data and regression was run to test hypotheses. Findings of the research suggested that Customer Centric, Green Environment Philanthropy, Public Awareness and Creating Shared Value do have a significant impact on the purchase intention of the consumers. Theoretical and practical contributions along with limitations and future direction are also discussed of the study.