bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving surgical training: Establishing a surgical anatomy programme in Scotland
Authors: Jones Ross A. , Mortimer Jeremy W. , Thompson Christopher S.G. , Clark-Stewart Saskia , Hogg Gemma , Keni Shivank , McCulloch Victoria , Alashkham Abduelmenem , Dhumale Sameer , Maclean Stephen J. , Vella Mark , Findlater Gordon S. , Sinclair David W. , Yalamarthi Satheesh , Gillingwater Thomas H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
It is well recognized that a sound foundation in surgical anatomy is a cornerstone of safe surgical practice, yet many trainees struggle with the upskilling in anatomy that is required to support their day-to-day practice. In the context of the UK-wide Improving Surgical Training pilot, we set out to establish a surgical anatomy programme for core surgical trainees in the Scotland Deanery. The aim was to enable all trainees to review the surgical anatomy of the whole body to MRCS level at least once during core surgical training. Materials and Methods. Teaching was delivered in Edinburgh, with trainees commuting from all parts of the Scotland Deanery. Individual teaching days focused on the surgical anatomy of the head and neck, trunk and limbs, using a combination of lectures (principles and cases) and interactive demonstrations on prosected specimens. Faculty comprised a balance of surgical demonstrators and senior academic staff, including MRCS examiners. Results. In total, 16 individual teaching sessions were attended by over 300 trainees across the first 2 years of the programme. Evaluation form response rate was nearly 80%. The programme was highly rated by trainees in relation to the method of delivery, level of teaching and surgical focus. Conclusion. Surgical anatomy remains an integral part of surgical training. Our experience in developing a deanery-wide surgical anatomy programme highlights the crucial links between medical school, training deanery and surgical college. This collaborative approach can be extended to higher surgical training and continuing professional development, and the methods can be adapted to meet the needs of trainees in different parts of the globe.

Highlights
Gastrectomy with omentum preservation versus gastrectomy with omentectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Mi , He Fu-Qian , Liao Mao-Shan , Yang Chao , Chen Xiao-Dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Omentectomy has been traditionally a part of standard radical gastrectomy. Its clinical benefit for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains controversial. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of gastrectomy with omentum preservation (GOP) on survival, recurrence, surgical outcomes and postoperative complications by comparing with gastrectomy with omentum resection (GOR).

Methods
Original studies comparing GOP with GOR in LAGC were searched. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.

Results
Seven studies involving 1879 patients were analyzed. Compared with GOR, GOP achieved significantly better overall survival (HR = 0.75 [0.60, 0.95], P = 0.01), with similar relapse-free survival (HR = 0.84 [0.68, 1.03], P = 0.10). The two groups had similar total recurrence rate (OR = 0.86 [0.68, 1.08], P = 0.19) and no significant differences in rates of peritoneal, hematogenous, locoregional or distant lymph node recurrences. GOP had significantly less blood loss (MD = −83 [-139, −28] ml, P = 0.003) and tended to have shorter operation time (MD = −28 [-58, 2] min, P = 0.06), with similar harvested number of lymph nodes (MD = −0.4 [-2.6, 1.8], P = 0.70). The incidences of total all grade and major complications were similar in GOP and GOR (all grade: 31.8% vs. 30.3%, OR = 1.08 [0.79, 1.46], P = 0.64; major: 9.2% vs. 10.1%, OR = 1.14 [0.55, 2.34], P = 0.73). There were no significant differences in incidences of complication or postoperative mortality.

Conclusions
Omentum preservation did not affect curability or survival in LAGC. These findings require validation in randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes.

Graphical abstract

Highlights
The shortlist effect: nestedness contributions as a tool to explain cultural success
Authors: Morin Olivier , Sobchuk Oleg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Detecting the forces behind the success or failure of cultural products, such as books or films, remains a challenge. Three such forces are drift, context-biased selection and selection based on content – when things succeed because of their intrinsic appeal. We propose a tool to study content-biased selection in sets of cultural collections – e.g. libraries or movie collections – based on the ‘shortlist effect’: the fact that smaller collections are more selective and more likely to favour highly appealing items over others. We use a model to show that, when the shortlist effect is at work, content-biased cultural selection is associated with greater nestedness in sets of collections. Having established empirically the existence of the shortlist effect, and of content-biased selection, in 28 sets of movie collections, we show that nestedness contributions can be used to estimate to what extent specific movies owe their success to their intrinsic properties. This method can be used in a wide range of datasets to detect the items that owe their success to their intrinsic appeal, as opposed to ‘hidden gems’ or ‘accidental hits’.
Who Teams Up with the European Parliament? Examining Multilevel Party Cooperation in the European Union
Authors: Meissner Katharina L. , Rosén Guri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs in nearly all European Union (EU) policy areas, scholars have turned to analysing the role of national parliaments, in addition to that of the European Parliament (EP), in trade politics. Yet, there is limited understanding of how the parliamentarians at the two levels interact. This article fills the gap by conceptualizing these interactions as a continuum ranging between cooperation, coexistence and competition. We use this continuum to explore multilevel party interactions in EU trade talks and show how cooperation compels politicization – national parliamentarians mainly interact with their European colleagues in salient matters. However, we argue that the impact of politicization on multilevel relations between parliamentarians in the EP and national parliaments is conditioned by party-level factors. Hence, we account for how and why politicization triggers multilevel party cooperation across parliaments in the EU through ideological orientation, government position and policy preferences and show how this takes place in the case of trade.
Predation of Florida red scale Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) by the metallic blue ladybeetle Curinus coeruleus (Mulsant)
Authors: Al-Shami Salman , Qureshi Jawwad A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlorida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) is a species of armored scales, which attacks citrus crops. Biological control, particularly ladybeetles, are critical for its management in citrus production systems. We evaluated predation of C. aonidum by adult and larvae (3rd–4th instar) of the metallic blue ladybeetle, Curinus coeruleus. C. coeruleus were tested against C. aonidum in three separate treatments on Valencia orange leaves in Petri-dish arenas (1) individuals with armor intact, (2) individuals with armor removed, and (3) mix of individuals with armor intact or removed, to determine if armor inflicts distraction to predator consumption of scale and impact. Within 24 h of exposure to C. aonidum, adult beetle consumption rate averaged 64–68% in the two treatments containing all or half of the individuals with armor, compared to 100% in the treatment with armor removed. The consumption rate in the former two treatments increased to 83–89% within 72 h. Larval consumption of C. aonidum with armor intact was 25% at 24 h and 41% at 72 h, compared to 92–100% in the treatment with armor removed. The adults resulting from the larvae developed on C. aonidum with the armor intact or between the diets of armor intact or removed consumed more scales without armor than with armor. Significant consumption of C. aonidum by adults and larvae of C. coeruleus indicates that it is an efficient predator of this pest species. These novel findings suggest that this predator could be useful for suppressing C. aonidum populations in citrus production systems, particularly in habitats where both species are established such as Florida.
Analysis of Relationships Between ENSO Events and Atmospheric Angular Momentum Variations
Authors: Yu Nan , Liu Huanling , Chen Gang , Chen Wei , Ray Jim , Wen Hanjiang , Chao Nengfang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event has a long incubation process, during which the interannual variation of length‐of‐day (LOD) and the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) series will be quickly affected due to the interaction between sea and air. Based on the comparisons between filtered interannual LOD variation, the AAM, the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for the period of January 1953 and December 2013, the relationships among them and ENSO are studied. The results demonstrate that AAM changes and SOI/ONI series have similar waveform structures and trends. Interannual LOD variations, atmospheric LOD excitations, and ENSO indices such as the SOI and ONI are well correlated as a consequence of angular momentum conservation. AAMs can be accurately modeled at present, taking ESMGFZ as an example, its sampling interval can reach 3 hr, and can realize accurate prediction in the next 90 days. Consequently, AAM series also can be used as an index for ENSO events and has its own advantages compared with SOI/ONI.
Size Distribution of Mineral Dust Emissions From Sparsely Vegetated and Supply‐Limited Dryland Soils
Authors: Webb Nicholas P. , LeGrand Sandra L. , Cooper Brad F. , Courtright Ericha M. , Edwards Brandon L. , Felt Christopher , Van Zee Justin W. , Ziegler Nancy P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractControls on the particle size distribution (PSD) of mineral dust emissions remain poorly understood. Under near‐idealized conditions, dust PSDs can appear invariant with wind friction velocity. However, dryland vegetation attenuates surface friction velocities, and soil crusting reduces the supply of loose erodible material and increases surface resistance to abrasion. Under such conditions, variability in saltation bombardment efficiency and intensity could have a large effect on dust PSDs. We present dust emission measurements from vegetated, supply‐limited aeolian systems that indicate the dependence of emission‐flux PSD on wind friction velocity. We find the fine fraction (<5 μm) of dust particles increases with friction velocity. Results suggest models that assume wind‐invariance of the emission‐flux PSD may not be generalizable for crusted soils with vegetation. There is a need for dust models to represent variability in emission‐flux PSDs for land management, air quality, and climate applications across vegetated and sediment supply‐limited drylands.
Using Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning Methods to Correct Offset Anomalies in the GOES‐16 Magnetometer Data
Authors: Inceoglu F. , Loto'aniu Paul T. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study uses supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods to correct unwanted offsets observed in the NOAA GOES‐16 magnetometer data. All GOES satellites have an inboard and outboard magnetometer sensor mounted along a long boom. Post‐launch testing of the GOES‐16 magnetometers found that the inboard sensor suffers significant thermally induced magnetic contamination and currently only the outboard sensor is used in NOAA operations. The contamination varies both diurnally and seasonally making it very difficult to correct using basic statistical methods. For simplicity in explaining the offsets we are trying to correct, and methods used, we focus on correcting only one of the inboard vector components, the E‐component (Earthward). We start by applying the unsupervised k‐Shape method to the magnetic field vector E‐component outboard minus inboard sensor time series, ΔE, resulting in four clusters that are closely related to the time of year and the solar β angle, which is a measure of the amount of time that a satellite is in direct sunlight. We then utilized LSTM networks as regressors to correct the offsets observed in GOES‐16 inboard sensor E‐component data. We trained our LSTMs using GOES‐17 magnetometer data, which we show to exhibit much less variability compared with the GOES‐16 data. The correction results reduced the offsets in the clusters from between 3–5 nT and 0–2 nT standard deviations. The combining of unsupervised and supervised ML methods is a powerful technique that can be applied to space‐based instruments that produce time series data.
Peripheral immune cells and perinatal brain injury: a double-edged sword?
Authors: Herz Josephine , Bendix Ivo , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is the leading cause of neurological mortality and morbidity in childhood ranging from motor and cognitive impairment to behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorders. Various noxious stimuli, including perinatal inflammation, chronic and acute hypoxia, hyperoxia, stress and drug exposure contribute to the pathogenesis. Among a variety of pathological phenomena, the unique developing immune system plays an important role in the understanding of mechanisms of injury to the immature brain. Neuroinflammation following a perinatal insult largely contributes to evolution of damage to resident brain cells, but may also be beneficial for repair activities. The present review will focus on the role of peripheral immune cells and discuss processes involved in neuroinflammation under two frequent perinatal conditions, systemic infection/inflammation associated with encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) and hypoxia/ischaemia in the context of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and stroke at term. Different immune cell subsets in perinatal brain injury including their infiltration routes will be reviewed and critical aspects such as sex differences and maturational stage will be discussed. Interactions with existing regenerative therapies such as stem cells and also potentials to develop novel immunomodulatory targets are considered.

Impact

Comprehensive summary of current knowledge on the role of different immune cell subsets in perinatal brain injury including discussion of critical aspects to be considered for development of immunomodulatory therapies.
Altered metabolome and microbiome features provide clues in understanding irritable bowel syndrome and depression comorbidity
Authors: Han Lijuan , Zhao Ling , Zhou Yong , Yang Chao , Xiong Teng , Lu Lin , Deng Yusheng , Luo Wen , Chen Yang , Qiu Qinwei , Shang Xiaoxiao , Huang Li , Mo Zongchao , Huang Shaogang , Huang Suiping , Liu Zhi , Yang Wei , Zhai Lixiang , Ning Ziwan , Lin Chengyuan , Huang Tao , Cheng Chungwah , Zhong Linda L D , Li Shuaicheng , Bian Zhaoxiang , Fang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic and/or recurrent symptoms of abdominal pain and irregular defecation. Changed gut microbiota has been proposed to mediate IBS; however, contradictory results exist, and IBS-specific microbiota, metabolites, and their interactions remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed metabolomic and metagenomic profiling of stool and serum samples based on discovery (n = 330) and validation (n = 101) cohorts. Fecal metagenomic data showed moderate dysbiosis compared with other diseases, in contrast, serum metabolites showed significant differences with greater power to distinguish IBS patients from healthy controls. Specifically, 726 differentially abundant serum metabolites were identified, including a cluster of fatty acyl-CoAs enriched in IBS. We further identified 522 robust associations between differentially abundant gut bacteria and fecal metabolites, of which three species including Odoribacter splanchnicus, Escherichia coli, and Ruminococcus gnavus were strongly associated with the low abundance of dihydropteroic acid. Moreover, dysregulated tryptophan/serotonin metabolism was found to be correlated with the severity of IBS depression in both fecal and serum metabolomes, characterized by a shift in tryptophan metabolism towards kynurenine production. Collectively, our study revealed serum/fecal metabolome alterations and their relationship with gut microbiome, highlighted the massive alterations of serum metabolites, which empower to recognize IBS patients, suggested potential roles of metabolic dysregulation in IBS pathogenesis, and offered new clues to understand IBS depression comorbidity. Our study provided a valuable resource for future studies, and would facilitate potential clinical applications of IBS featured microbiota and/or metabolites.
Longitudinal lung function in childhood cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Otth Maria , Yammine Sophie , Usemann Jakob , Latzin Philipp , Mader Luzius , Spycher Ben , Güngör Tayfun , Scheinemann Katrin , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG), Ansari M. , Beck Popovic M. , Bourquin J. P. , Brazzola P. , Greiner J. , Rössler J. , Schilling F. , Scheinemann K. , von der Weid N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLongitudinal data on pulmonary function after pediatric allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rare. We examined pulmonary function and associated risk factors in 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) longitudinally. We included 74 CCSs diagnosed between 1976 and 2010, treated with HSCT, and with at least two pulmonary function tests performed during follow-up. Median follow-up was 9 years (range 6–13). We described pulmonary function as z-scores for lung volumes (forced vital capacity [FVC], residual volume [RV], total lung capacity [TLC]), flows (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], maximal mid-expiratory flow [MMEF]), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and assessed associations with potential risk factors using multivariable regression analysis. The median z-scores for FEV1, FVC, and TLC were below the expected throughout the follow-up period. This was not the case for RV, MMEF and DLCO. Female gender, radiotherapy to the chest, and relapse were associated with lower z-scores of FEV1, FVC, MMEF, RV or DLCO. Childhood cancer survivors after HSCT are at risk of pulmonary dysfunction. The complex and multifactorial etiology of pulmonary dysfunction emphasizes the need for longitudinal prospective studies to better characterize the course and causes of pulmonary function impairment in CCSs.
RvD1 accelerates the resolution of inflammation by promoting apoptosis of the recruited macrophages via the ALX/FasL-FasR/caspase-3 signaling pathway
Authors: Xiang Shu-yang , Ye Yang , Yang Qian , Xu Hao- ran , Shen Chen-xi , Ma Min-qi , Jin Shao-wu , Mei Hong-xia , Zheng Sheng-xing , Smith Fang-gao , Jin Sheng-wei , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe uncontrolled inflammatory response caused by a disorder in inflammation resolution is one of the reasons for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The macrophage pool markedly expands when inflammatory monocytes, known as recruited macrophages, migrate from the circulation to the lung. The persistent presence of recruited macrophages leads to chronic inflammation in the resolution phase of inflammation. On the contrary, elimination of the recruited macrophages at the injury site leads to the rapid resolution of inflammation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Mice were administered RvD1 via the tail vein 3 and 4 days after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. RvD1 reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors in the lung tissue, promoted the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and enhanced the phagocytic function of recruited macrophages to alleviate acute lung injury. We also found that the number of macrophages was decreased in BAL fluid after treatment with RvD1. RvD1 increased the apoptosis of recruited macrophages partly via the FasL-FasR/caspase-3 signaling pathway, and this effect could be blocked by Boc-2, an ALX/PRP2 inhibitor. Taken together, our findings reinforce the concept of therapeutic targeting leading to the apoptosis of recruited macrophages. Thus, RvD1 may provide a new therapy for the resolution of ARDS.
The effects of real and simulated microgravity on cellular mitochondrial function
Authors: Nguyen Hong Phuong , Tran Phuong Hoa , Kim Kyu-Sung , Yang Su-Geun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAstronauts returning from space shuttle missions or the International Space Station have been diagnosed with various health problems such as bone demineralization, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular and sensory imbalance including visual acuity, altered metabolic and nutritional status, and immune system dysregulation. These health issues are associated with oxidative stress caused by a microgravity environment. Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular mechanisms through which mitochondria produce ROS in a microgravity environment remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the mechanism through which microgravity induces oxidative damage in mitochondria by evaluating the expression of genes and proteins, as well as relevant metabolic pathways. In general, microgravity-induced ROS reduce mitochondrial volume by mainly affecting the efficiency of the respiratory chain and metabolic pathways. The impaired respiratory chain is thought to generate ROS through premature electron leakage in the electron transport chain. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense in mitochondria is the main cause of mitochondrial stress and damage, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we discuss the effects of antioxidants against oxidative stress caused by the microgravity environment space microgravity in together with simulated microgravity (i.e., spaceflight or ground-based spaceflight analogs: parabolic flight, centrifugal force, drop towers, etc.). Further studies should be taken to explore the effects of microgravity on mitochondrial stress-related diseases, especially for the development of new therapeutic drugs that can help increase the health of astronauts on long space missions.
Stretchable transparent electrodes for conformable wearable organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Cui Nan , Song Yu , Tan Ching-Hong , Zhang Kai , Yang Xiye , Dong Sheng , Xie Boming , Huang Fei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo achieve adhesive and conformable wearable electronics, improving stretchable transparent electrode (STE) becomes an indispensable bottleneck needed to be addressed. Here, we adopt a nonuniform Young’s modulus structure with silver nanowire (AgNW) and fabricate a STE layer. This layer possesses transparency of >88% over a wide spectrum range of 400–1000 nm, sheet resistance below 20 Ω sq−1, stretchability of up to 100%, enhanced mechanical robustness, low surface roughness, and good interfacial wettability for solution process. As a result of all these properties, the STE enables the fabrication of a highly efficient ultraflexible wearable device comprising of both organic photovoltaic (OPV) and organic photodetector (OPD) parts with high mechanical durability and conformability, for energy-harvesting and biomedical-sensing applications, respectively. This demonstrates the great potential of the integration of OPVs and OPDs, capable of harvesting energy independently for biomedical applications, paving the way to a future of independent conformable wearable OPV/OPDs for different applications.