bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet gaming disorder and its relationship with behavioral disorder and mother’s parenting styles in primary school students according to gender in Iran
Authors: Areshtanab Hossein Namdar , Fathollahpour Fatemeh , Bostanabad Mohammad Arshadi , Ebrahimi Hossein , Hosseinzadeh Mina , Fooladi Marjaneh M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The problem of students’ gaming addiction has been related to the individual student’s characteristics and the influence of family environment. Researchers aimed to investigate if and how internet gaming disorder (IGD) of the elementary school boys and girls is related to behavioral disorder and their mother’s parenting style in Iran.

Methods
This is a descriptive correlational study, involving 657 fifth and sixth-grade elementary school students in 2019. Researchers used a multistage stratified random sampling of students, their parents and their teachers. Data were collected using internet gaming disorder questionnaire (IGD 20), Rutter teacher behavioral disorder questionnaire and Baumrind Parenting Styles questionnaire (PSI). Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version16 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test.

Results
Findings showed that IGD prevalence was 5.9% among primary school students with significant relationship between IGD and behavioral disorder among all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04); although it was insignificant among boys (r = 0.13, p = 0.11). Also the relationship between IGD and mother’s parenting style was significant in the total sample (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), in particular for girls and their mothers (r = 0.2, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate the importance of family and parental involvement in prevention and management of IGD chiefly among girls. Healthcare professionals will benefit from knowing the problematic consequences of online gaming among school-age children and try to promote safe and healthy online behavior supported by a supervised family environment.
Low frequency conduction block: a promising new technique to advance bioelectronic medicines
Authors: Conde Silvia V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNerve conduction block is an appealing way to selective target the nervous system for treating pathological conditions. Several modalities were described in the past, with the kilohertz frequency stimulation generating an enormous interest and tested successfully in clinical settings. Some shortcomings associated with different modalities of nerve blocking can limit its clinical use, as the “onset response”, the high demand of energy supply, among others. A recent study by Muzquiz and colleagues describes the efficacy and reversibility of low frequency alternating currents in blocking the cervical vagus in the pig, in the absence of an onset effect and apparent lack of neuronal damage.
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 – an approach to categories of pathology
Authors: Leven Yana , Bösel Julian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Various neurological manifestations of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, associated with a broad spectrum of diverse neurological symptoms and syndromes. Estimating rate and relevance of these manifestations remains difficult as there is a lack of standardised case definitions.

Methods
We defined comprehensive categories including most reported neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 to allow for a more standardised data collection. After a literature search of MEDLINE with ten keywords, 12 selected studies and larger case series were included. We compared the rate and relevance of neurological manifestations in hospitalized patients. We propose four main categories including 1) cerebrovascular disease, 2) inflammatory syndromes of the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS) and muscle, 3) metabolic/toxic dysfunction of CNS, PNS and muscle and 4) miscellaneous disorders.

Conclusion
Ageusia (702) and anosmia (805) have been reported as the most common and the first occurring neurological symptoms. Cerebrovascular disease (451) and encephalopathy (663) were associated with a more severe course and worse clinical outcome. Any neurological manifestation was associated with a longer hospital stay and a higher morbidity and mortality compared to patients without neurological manifestations. We suggest reporting future neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) following a pathophysiology-based approach using standardized pre-defined case definitions to yield more specific and comparable data.
Microfabric features of microbial carbonates: experimental and natural evidence of mold holes and crusts
Authors: Wu Ya-Sheng , Jiang Hong-Xia , Li Ying , Yu Gong-Liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResults of our study based on examination of induced precipitation of carbonate by a cyanobacterium,Lyngbyain the laboratory, and the analyses of microphotographs of both modern and ancient microbial carbonates, demonstrated the importance of recognition of mold holes and carbonate crusts in understanding microbial carbonates. In the experiment, only cyanobacteriaLyngbyacan induce precipitation of carbonate, forming scattered grains on the surface ofLyngbyafilaments. Carbonate crusts enclosing the old parts of the filaments were formed through aggregation of these scatter grains while mold holes were formed after decay of the filaments. Mainly based on the experiment, six different ways of microbial carbonate formation were recognized: (1) trapping without mold holes, (2) trapping with mold holes, (3) particle-forming induced-precipitation of carbonate, (4) discrete crust-forming induced-precipitation of carbonate, (5) induced precipitation, forming tangled crusts that build a porous construction, and (6) induced precipitation, forming a dense construction. And mold holes and crusts can form in ways (4), (5), and (6). Examination of both modern microbial carbonates from the Shark Bay of Australia, Highborne Cay of Bahamas and the atoll of Kiritimati and the microbialites from the Cambrian dolostone sequence in Tarim, Xinjiang, China all demonstrated the limitation of recognizing only mesofabric features and importance of examining microfabric features for understanding of the genesis of the microbial carbonates and their proper classification. The shape, size and arrangement of the mold holes, crusts, and the features of the minerals filling in pores between the crusts, which are referred as the microfabric features here, are keys to better understand the formation and environments of both modern and ancient microbial carbonates.
Short Androgen Suppression and Radiation Dose Escalation in Prostate Cancer: 12-Year Results of EORTC Trial 22991 in Patients With Localized Intermediate-Risk Disease
Authors: Bolla Michel , Neven Anouk , Maingon Philippe , Carrie Christian , Boladeras Ana , Andreopoulos Demetrios , Engelen Antoine , Sundar Santhanam , van der Steen-Banasik Elzbieta M. , Armstrong John , Peignaux-Casasnovas Karine , Boustani Jihane , Herrera Fernanda G. , Pieters Bradley R. , Slot Annerie , Bahl Amit , Scrase Christopher D. , Azria David , Jansa Jan , O'Sullivan Joe M. , Van Den Bergh Alphonsus C. M. , Collette Laurence ,   for the EORTC Radiation Oncology Group
Published: July 2021

PURPOSEThe European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22991 ( NCT00021450 ) showed that 6 months of concomitant and adjuvant androgen suppression (AS) improves event- (EFS, Phoenix) and clinical disease-free survival (DFS) of intermediate- and high-risk localized prostatic carcinoma, treated by external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) at 70-78 Gy. We report the long-term results in intermediate-risk patients treated with 74 or 78 Gy EBRT, as per current guidelines.PATIENT AND METHODSOf 819 patients randomly assigned between EBRT or EBRT plus AS started on day 1 of EBRT, 481 entered with intermediate risk (International Union Against Cancer TNM 1997 cT1b-c or T2a with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 10 ng/mL or Gleason ≤ 7 and PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL, N0M0) and had EBRT planned at 74 (342 patients, 71.1%) or 78 Gy (139 patients, 28.9%). We report the trial primary end point EFS, DFS, distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) by intention-to-treat stratified by EBRT dose at two-sided α = 5%.RESULTSAt a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 92 of 245 patients and 132 of 236 had EFS events in the EBRT plus AS and EBRT arm, respectively, mostly PSA relapse (48.7%) or death (45.1%). EBRT plus AS improved EFS and DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53; CI, 0.41 to 0.70; P < .001 and HR = 0.67; CI, 0.49 to 0.90; P = .008). At 10 years, DMFS was 79.3% (CI, 73.4 to 84.0) with EBRT plus AS and 72.7% (CI, 66.2 to 78.2) with EBRT (HR = 0.74; CI, 0.53 to 1.02; P = .065). With 140 deaths (EBRT plus AS: 64; EBRT: 76), 10-year OS was 80.0% (CI, 74.1 to 84.7) with EBRT plus AS and 74.3% (CI, 67.8 to 79.7) with EBRT, but not statistically significantly different (HR = 0.74; CI, 0.53 to 1.04; P = .082).CONCLUSIONSix months of concomitant and adjuvant AS statistically significantly improves EFS and DFS in intermediate-risk prostatic carcinoma, treated by irradiation at 74 or 78 Gy. The effects on OS and DMFS did not reach statistical significance.
β-1.3 Glucan Complex Drastically Suppresses Kidney Clearance of siRNA
Authors: Uno Atsushi , Arima Kenji , Ushida Maki , Katayama Yuka , Shimazaki Masako , Amano Kanako , Namikawa Reiko , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
siRNA was complexed with a β-1,3-glucan schizophyllan and intravenously administrated into mice. The complexed siRNA escaped renal excretion and remained in the blood. The monocytes in spleen were found to capture the complex and cause the longer residence time of the complexed siRNA, as well as increased size of the complex.
Sedentary Behavior in U.S. Adults: Fall 2019
Authors: MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , CARLSON SUSAN A. , SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F. , PATEL SHREYA , SALERNO ELIZABETH A. , LOFTFIELD ERIKKA , TROIANO RICHARD P. , FULTON JANET E. , SAMPSON JOSHUA N. , TRIBBY CALVIN , KEADLE SARAH K. , BERRIGAN DAVID 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with early mortality, but the distribution of sedentary time by classes of behavior and demographic groups is poorly described in U.S. adults. To quantify the amount and sources of sedentary time in U.S. adults, we conducted a nationwide survey using a novel validated self-administered previous-day recall method and compared these values with a commonly used sitting time question.

Methods
Participants from the AmeriSpeak panel 20 to 75 yr of age (N = 2640) completed up to two activities completed over time in 24 h (ACT24) previous-day recalls. Recalls were conducted on randomly selected days in October and November 2019. Survey sample designs were applied to reflect the U.S. population.

Results
Mean age was 45.3 yr, 51% were female, 67% non-Hispanic White, and 37% had a body mass index of ≥30 kg·m−2. U.S. adults reported a mean 9.5 h·d−1 of sedentary time (95% confidence interval = 9.4, 9.7 h·d−1), which was 34% more than reported using a common surveillance measure (P < 0.01). Most daily sedentary time was accumulated in the leisure and work life domains, with leisure accounting for 47% (4.3 h·d−1, 95% confidence interval = 4.2, 4.5 h·d−1) of the total sedentary time. Eighty-two percent of leisure time was spent sedentary, mainly watching television/videos or engaged in Internet/computer use.

Conclusions
U.S. adults appear to spend more time in sedentary behavior than previously thought, and the majority of this time is accumulated at work and in leisure time. Reducing sedentary screen time during leisure in favor of physically active could be an important intervention target in the effort to increase physical activity in U.S. adults.
Determinants of Performance in Paced and Maximal 800-m Running Time Trials
Authors: BELLINGER PHILLIP , DERAVE WIM , LIEVENS ELINE , KENNEDY BEN , ARNOLD BLAYNE , RICE HAL , MINAHAN CLARE 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We aimed to identify the underpinning physiological and speed/mechanical determinants of different types of 800-m running time trials (i.e., with a positive or negative pacing strategy) and key components within each 800-m time trial (i.e., first and final 200 m).

Methods
Twenty trained male 800-m runners (800-m personal best time (min:s): 1:55.10 ± 0:04.44) completed a maximal 800-m time trial (800MAX) and one pacing trial, whereby runners were paced for the first lap, and speed was reduced by 7.5% (800PACE) relative to 800MAX, whereas the last lap was completed in the fastest time possible. Anaerobic speed reserve, running economy, the velocity corresponding with V˙O2peak (VV˙O2peak), maximal sprint speed (MAXSS), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, and sprint force–velocity–power profiles were derived from laboratory and field testing. Carnosine content was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and soleus and expressed as a carnosine aggregate Z (CAZ) score to estimate muscle typology. Data were analyzed using multiple stepwise regression analysis.

Results
MAXSS and vV˙O2peak largely explained the variation in 800MAX time (r
2 = 0.570; P = 0.020), whereas MAXSS was the best explanatory variable for the first 200-m time in 800MAX (adjusted r
2 = 0.661, P < 0.001). Runners with a higher CAZ score (i.e., higher estimated percentage of type II fibers) reduced their last lap time to a greater extent in 800PACE relative to 800MAX (adjusted r
2 = 0.413, P < 0.001), whereas better maintenance of mechanical effectiveness during sprinting, a higher CAZ score and vV˙O2peak was associated with a faster final 200-m time during 800PACE (adjusted r
2 = 0.761, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings highlight that diversity in the physiological and speed/mechanical characteristics of male middle-distance runners may be associated with their suitability for different 800-m racing strategies to have the best chance of winning.
Effectiveness of Hematoma Aspiration and Platelet-rich Plasma Muscle Injections for the Treatment of Hamstring Strains in Athletes
Authors: TRUNZ LUKAS M. , LANDY JEFFREY E. , DODSON CHRISTOPHER C. , COHEN STEVEN B. , ZOGA ADAM C. , ROEDL JOHANNES B. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on recovery in acute hamstring injuries is controversial. Previous study results are inconsistent, and a standardized therapeutic approach has not been established yet.

Purpose
To assess the treatment effect using a combination of hematoma aspiration and muscle strain PRP injection in partial hamstring muscle tears (grade 2 strains) in athletes.

Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging of athletes with grade 2 hamstring strains were reviewed from 2013 to 2018. From 2013 to 2015, athletes were treated conservatively, and from 2016 to 2018, with a combination of ultrasound-guided hematoma aspiration and PRP muscle strain injection. The outcome, including return-to-play (in days) and recurrence rate, was compared retrospectively between both groups (conservative vs aspiration/PRP) using ANOVA and Fisher’s exact test. There was no significant difference in age, type of sport, and muscle involvement (including injury grade/location, hamstring muscle type, and length/cross-sectional area of the strain).

Results
Fifty-five athletes (28 treated conservatively, 27 with hematoma aspiration/PRP injection) were included. Average return-to-play time (mean) was 32.4 d in the conservative group and 23.5 d in the aspiration/PRP group (P < 0.001). Recurrence rate of the hamstring strain was 28.6% (8/28) in the conservative treatment group and less than 4% (1/27) in the aspiration/PRP group (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Athletes with grade 2 hamstring strains treated with a combination of hematoma aspiration and PRP injection had a significantly shorter return-to-play and a lower recurrence rate compared with athletes receiving conservative treatment.
“AMR Dialogues”: a public engagement initiative to shape policies and solutions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Thailand
Authors: Poomchaichote Tassawan , Osterrieder Anne , Prapharsavat Ravikanya , Naemiratch Bhensri , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Thirapantu Chaiwat , Sukrung Karnjariya , Kiatying-Angsulee Niyada , Sumpradit Nithima , Punnin Sirima , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: July 2021

Background: The use of antimicrobials in Thailand has been reported as one of the highest in the world in both the human and animal sectors. The objectives of this project are: (1) to improve understanding of the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among adult Thai communities and (2) to drive change through the national AMR policy to include context-specific and locally-driven solutions. Methods: The project contains two components conducted in parallel: the “AMR Dialogues” public engagement project and the embedded evaluation of the project. We will bring together AMR stakeholders and members of the public through a series of conversation events to co-create an AMR stakeholder map, engagement strategy, and context-specific solutions to reduce the burden of AMR. There will be a combination of regional in-person events (‘regional conversations’) and national online events (‘national conversations’) with members of the public. The conversations will follow this sequence: introduce and explore issues related to AMR, brainstorm solutions and finally propose promising/feasible solutions to take forward. Evaluation of the project will be conducted to assess if the AMR Dialogues objectives have been achieved using feedback forms and qualitative methods. Ethics: Approval of the evaluation component of the project has been obtained from the ethics committee of the Thailand Institute for the Development of Human Subject Protection (IHRP2021059) and the Oxford University Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC 529-21). Dissemination: The results of these conversation events will inform the next Thailand National Strategic Plan on AMR. The learning and outcomes will be disseminated to AMR policy makers, academic audiences, and participants of all the conversation events. Thaiclinicaltrials.org registration: TCTR20210528003 (28/05/2021)
Extracellular vesicles derived from DFO-preconditioned canine AT-MSCs reprogram macrophages into M2 phase
Authors: Park Su-Min , An Ju-Hyun , Lee Jeong-Hwa , Kim Kyung-Bo , Chae Hyung-Kyu , Oh Ye-In , Song Woo-Jin , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: July 2021

Background
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are effective therapeutic agents that ameliorate inflammation through paracrine effect; in this regard, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been frequently studied. To improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors from MSCs, preconditioning with hypoxia or hypoxia-mimetic agents has been attempted and the molecular changes in preconditioned MSC-derived EVs explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the increase of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in deferoxamine (DFO)-preconditioned canine MSC (MSCDFO) and whether these molecular changes were reflected on EVs. Furthermore, we focused on MSCDFO derived EVs (EVDFO) could affect macrophage polarization via the transfer function of EVs.

Results
In MSCDFO, accumulation of HIF-1α were increased and production of COX-2 were activated. Also, Inside of EVDFO were enriched with COX-2 protein. To evaluate the transferring effect of EVs to macrophage, the canine macrophage cell line, DH82, was treated with EVs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Polarization changes of DH82 were evaluated with quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. When LPS-induced DH82 was treated with EVDFO, phosphorylation of signal transducer and transcription3 (p-STAT3), which is one of key factor of inducing M2 phase, expression was increased in DH82. Furthermore, treated with EVDFO in LPS-induced DH82, the expression of M1 markers were reduced, otherwise, M2 surface markers were enhanced. Comparing with EVDFO and EVnon.

Conclusion
DFO preconditioning in MSCs activated the HIF-1α/COX-2 signaling pathway; Transferring COX-2 through EVDFO could effectively reprogram macrophage into M2 phase by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3.
Nomogram of age-specific anti-Müllerian hormone levels in healthy Egyptian females
Authors: El-Attar Eman Ahmed , Hosny Tamer A. , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Bedair Rania N. , Tork Ahmed Salah El-Din 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important determinant of ovarian reserve in fertility workups in many clinical settings. Thus, we investigated the age dependent decline in AMH specific to the Egyptian population and sought to establish an age dependent reference interval parametrically.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 841 apparently healthy women. AMH was measured using an electro-chemiluminescent technique. Box-Cox power transformation was used to make the AMH distribution Gaussian for parametric derivation of reference intervals.ResultsPower of 0.4 was found optimal for Gaussian transformation of AMH reference values. We demonstrate the strong negative relation between circulating AMH and female age with Spearman’s correlation coefficient of rS= −0.528. Age-specific reference interval was determined for every 5 years of age from 16 to 49, and nomogram was constructed by smoothing the lines connecting adjacent lower and upper reference limits.ConclusionThe age-specific reference intervals and the age-AMH nomogram could be valuable in the clinical practice of in reproductive medicine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm AMH levels in Egyptian females. We were able to explore age-related AMH levels specific to Egyptian females in the fertile age group and to treat skewed AMH data in a multi-step scheme using power transformation. Thus, a more accurate nomogram was constructed accommodating a profile delineated for a wide age range and a rescaled AMH axis improving its usability.