bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEMINISM AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IDENTITIES IN INDIAN CINEMA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: N.K Amaljith 
Published: May 2021

The film is one of the most popular sources of entertainment worldwide. Plentiful films are produced each year and the amount of spectators is also huge. Films are to be called as the mirror of society. Because they portray the actual reality of the society through the cinematography. Thus, cinema plays an essential role in shaping views about, caste, creed and gender. There are many pieces of research made on the representation of women or gender in films. But, through this research, the researcher wants to analyse in-depth about the character representation of women in the Malayalam film industry how strong the so-called Mollywood constructs the strongest and stoutest women characters in Malayalam cinema in the 21st-century cinema. The study titled “Feminism and Representation of Women Identities in Indian Cinema. A Case Study” confers how women are portrayed in the Malayalam cinema in the 21st century and how bold and beautiful are the women characters in Malayalam film industry are and how they act and survive the social stigma and stereotypes in their daily life. All sample films discuss the plights and problems facing women in contemporary society and pointing fingers towards the representation of women in society. The case study method is used as the sole Methodology for research. And Feminist Film theory and theory of patriarchy applied in the theoretical framework.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN MINDI (Melia azedarach L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Gading Kalaudius 
Published: May 2021

Jerawat merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat di sebabkan oleh bakteri S. epidermidis.Pada sebagian besar kasus infeksi, penggunaan antibiotik sangat diperlukan tetapi apabila pemakaian atntibiotik berlebihan akan menyebabkan bakteri menjadi resisten. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antibakteri adalah daun Mindi (Melia azedarach L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri fraksi daun mindi (Melia azedarach L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi dan metode fraksi dan pengujian pengujian antibakteri dengan mengunkan metode dilusi padat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 variasi konsentrasi fraksi yang berbeda yaitu 3000 µg /disk, 2500 µg/disk, 2000 µg /disk dan 1500 µg/disk dengan satu kontrol positif yang berisi klindamisin dan satu kontrol negatif yang berisi DMSO dengan pengulangan percobaan 3 kali. KHM dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair Kirby and Bauer, penelitian ini menggunakan 4 variasi konsentrasi yaitu 10.000 ppm, 30.000 ppm, 50.000 ppm, dan 70.000 ppm. Media yang digunakan adalah Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dan Mueller Hinton Broth(MHB). Masa inkubasi dilakukan selama 1 hari atau 24 jam pada suhu 37°C. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan melihat pertumbuhan koloni bakteri pada permukaan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat yang paling besar terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis.secara berturut-turut adalah adalah Fraksi etil asetat, fraksi air, fraksi n-heksan dan hasil penentuan kadar hambat minimum yaitu pada konsentrasi 50.000 ppm.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI DAN UJI STABILITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN URANG ARING (Eclipta alba L. Hassk) DALAM SEDIAAN GEL TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Nuraini Hanifah 
Published: May 2021

Daun urang aring (Eclipta alba L. Hassk) memiliki aktivitas farmakologi diantaranya sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, antioksidan dan analgesik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol 96% Daun Urang Aring (Eclipta alba L. Hassk) dalam sediaan gel dapat memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode uji menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan menguji ekstrak dan memformulasikan dalam sediaan gel dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 20% dan 50% dengan HPMC sebagai basisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan sediaan gel memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, pada konsentrasi 2,5% Daun Urang Aring (Eclipta alba L. Hassk) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes pada konsentrasi 2,5% dengan zona hambat masing-masing sebesar 6,37 mm dan 6,52 mm. Stabilitas sediaan gel pada uji organoleptik tidak didapatkan adanya perubahan warna, rasa, bau dan bentuk. Sediaan gel homogen, dengan pH, daya sebar dan viskositas sesuai selama 4 minggu pada suhu yang berbeda (4℃, 25℃,40℃). Kata kunci: Eclipta alba L. Hassk, Antibakteri, Gel, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis
UJI PENGHAMBATAN TIROSINASE MASKER GEL PEEL OFF YANG MENGANDUNG RUMPUT LAUT (Euchema cotonii) DAN WHEY KEFIR
Authors: Fatmawati Fenti 
Published: May 2021

Whey adalah cairan yang merupakan hasil pengendapan pada proses pembuatan keju, yoghurt ataupun kefir. Whey mengandung nutrisi yang lengkap. Whey telah banyak digunakan dalam dunia kesehatan, industri makanan, industri fermentasi dan juga pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik masker gel peel off dimana telah dibuat 5 variasi formulasi serta menguji penghambatan tirosinase dari sediaan masker gel peel off tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi fermentasi kefir, uji evaluasi masker yang meliputi uji pH, uji waktu mengering, uji daya sebar, uji viskositas, uji iritasi dan uji penghambatan tirosinase. Pengujian dilakukan pada hari ke 0 sampai hari ke 21. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa formula terbaik dari masker whey susu kambing dan susu sapi berturut-turut didapatkan dari formula 3 dan 4. Sedangkan nilai IC50 pada sediaan masker gel peel off dari whey susu kambing dan susu sapi masi-masing sebesar 1.19% dan 6.14% dengan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah asam kojat
المركبات العطرية بين زيادة العدد الاوكتاني للبنزين و التاثيرات السمية
Authors: جابر نضال جليل , راشد علي حسين علي , حسين محمد علاوي 
Published: May 2021

يتعرض العاملون في محطات الوقود والمصانع التي تعتمد على البنزين ، التولوين ، الزايلين ومنها مصانع المطاط ومصافي الزيت يوميا" الى مخاطر المواد العطرية Aromatics compounds التي لها تأثيرات انية ومستقبلية سيتم التطرق اليها في متن التقرير , ومن جهة اخرى فان هذه المواد لها علاقة مباشرة بالعدد الاوكتاني للوقود حيث ان زيادتها ترفع العدد الاوكتاني مما يزيد كفاءته .
تمت دراسة امكانية فصل هذه المركبات من الريفورميت والكازولين العراقي ودراسة المادة الناتجة من حيث كفاءتها كوقود , وبذلك نكون قد وفرنا وقود ذا عدد أوكتاني مقبول وغير ضار بالبيئة ( اي ينخفض بمقدار لايؤثر على كفاءته ) , حيث جرت دراسة فصل المركبات الاروماتية من الريفورميت والكازولين العراقي بطريقة الامتزاز “Adsorption” بأستخدام المناخل الجزيئية (زيولايت 13X ) في العمود المسامي وتاثير ذلك على العدد الاوكتاني من جهة وعلى البيئة من جهة اخرى .
أن عملية الامتزاز هي جمع وتركيز انتقائي على سطوح المواد الاصلية لانواع خاصة من الجزيئات في السائل والغاز .
وقد تم استخدام الزيولايت كونه من المواد المازة ذات السعة الانتقائية العالية لانه يفصل الجزيئات اعتمادا على حجم وشكل الجزيئة ، ومبدأ عملها يعتمد على طريقتين هما : عزل المركبات اعتمادا" على الحجم الجزيئي للمركب ، والعزل استنادا على القطبية “Polarity” .
وقد تم قياس تراكيز المواد العطرية والعدد الاوكتاني في الكازولين قبل وبعد عملية الفصل بواسطة العمود المسامي والمساحة السطحية للزيولايت ووزن المادة وتأثير ذلك على كفاءة عملية الادمصاص حيث وجد ان افضل ظروف للتشغيل هي :-
- معدل الجريان للمادةالاولية 12,5 سم3 /دقيقة.
- ارتفاع عمود الزيولايت 25 سم.
- وقت مرور الريفورميت خلال عمود الفصل كان 3 دقائق بكمية 30 مل , والكازولين 4 دقائق بكمية 30 مل .
كما وجد ان تقليل المواد العطرية من 50 الى 44.1 من الريفورميت يمنع التأثيرات البيئية لهذه المادة مقابل نزول العدد الاوكتاني 92 الى 91 بحيث لا يؤثر على كفاءة المادة كوقود , كذلك فأن خفض المواد العطرية في الكازولين من 36,6الى 28,3 يصاحبه انخفاض في العدد الاوكتاني من 82,3 الى 80 اي ان نسبة الانخفاض في العدد الاوكتاني طفيف جدا مقابل خفض التاثيرات البيئية لهذه المواد . وسيتم اكمال العمل بدراسة تأثير فصل المواد العطرية على مواد اخرى كالكيروسين وباستعمال اوساط مسامية اخرى .
Improving Rectification Technology in Daura Refinery Crude Distillation Units by HYSYS
Authors: Omran Aaed j. 
Published: May 2021

It is well known that the capacity of crude distillation units in any refinery reflect the capacity of refinery itself, and that is why because we consider that these units the first stage and all other units such as vacuum distillation, hydrotreating, reforming, catalytic cracking, and others depend on them. So we devoted our effort to keep these units work with high performance and efficiency.
The purpose of this work is to develop crude distillation units in Daura oil refinery, rise their performance level and detect were the weak points are concentrated to overcome.
Our work here conducted by simulation program (HYSYS) and consists of two stages, the stage before changing operating conditions and the stage after changing operating conditions and we will discuss each one separately later.
From this work we found that these old units contain many mistakes due to long time of operation since the year 1954 and these mistakes are concentrated in miss operation due to absence of daily close monitoring to the operation conditions and product specifications as to gap and overlap conditions and it was really effect badly on rectification efficiency
Geochemical and Palynological Analysis in Assessing Hydrocarbon Potential and Palaeoenvironmental Deposition, North Iraq
Authors: Alahmed Dr. Ahmed Asker  Najaf , Al-Gibouri Amer S. 
Published: May 2021

Geochemical and Palynological analysis were carried out to assess hydrocarbon potential and palaeoenvironmental deposition for (27) core and cutting rock samples recovered from selected oil exploratory wells , Makhul-2 (Mk-2),Qarachuq-1 (Qc-1) and Qarachuq-2(Qc-2), TaqTaq-1(Taq-1), Butmah-15 (Bm-15), Ajeel-8 (Aj-8)and Jabal kand( Jk -1) ,encountered from Butmah Formation ( Lower-Middle Liassic) , Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic ) and Naokelekan Formation (upper Jurassic ) .The value of palynological analyses in the undertaken study is to resolve stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental consequences of Jurassic Period in Iraq
, thus the profuse of plant cuticle of translucent phytoclast in the basin of deposition refers to proximal deposi
tional environment due to their specific gravity of this type of plant cuticle , whereas the opaque organic matter produced either from highly oxidized environment or from forest fire residues could refer due to its light specific gravity to distal depositional environment that this type could transported far from the continents toward the aquatic environment . Recurring Type A Amorphous kerogen indicates Oil –Prone beside various amorphous types (B, C, D) within Zagros Fold Belt. The specified palynomorphs recovered from palynological analysis declared so many indications to determine the potentiality of source rocks .Almost all slides shows spores and pollen, phytoclasts and amorphous organic matter. Extracted resins and pigments are indicating toxic environment of type II-III kerogen that generates oil with subordinate gas.Geochemical analysis can aid also the undertaken study by determination the Terrestrial origin and kerogen type II-III .Previously proved that all crude oils within this sub- basin is belong to family A (sourced from Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation) nearby local basins of family B (sourced from U. Triassic Kurra chine, and Rhaetic Baluti Shale Formation). Jurassic Period is considered as a generative hydrocarbon rock unit by means of both optical and chemical approaches definitely in the Great Kirkuk region and surrounding areas in North Iraq. Meanwhile the current studies focused on the western desert as promising reservoirs related with hydrocarbon pathways from Mesopotamian Basin.
Single-Well Modeling Study In Buzurkan Oil Field
Authors: Al-Attar Mazin H. , Al-Jawad Dr. Mohammed S. 
Published: May 2021

Single well modeling technique is considered as an important tool in simulation studies that deal with the near well issues (i.e. water coning, optimum perforation intervals, etc.); or it may be used in the determination of the final acceptability of the entire field model (1). In this study, this technique is adopted to study and characterize one of the producing wells in Buzurkan oil field which is BU-3. The probability of the increase of water production will be tested with different production schemes, because if the well has to produce with certain water rate, the surface facilities have to be designed to be suitable for that rate. Water saturation distribution around the well is also inspected through the history of the well to determine the reason behind water production.
CMG simulator has been used to perform this study. The results matching are based on the pressure and the produced water cut history and show good match in both cases.
The model showed that there is a significant increase in water production with increase of oil rate due to water coning.
A Study of The Radionuclides of The Petroleum Waste In Dora and Bijie Refineries Using (Hpge) Detector
Authors: Rasheed Essam Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to detect the radioactivity of radionuclides and measure the specific activities and the uranium concentration in (19) samples of crude oil and oil waste were brought from two oil locations Dora refinery, Bijie refinery.
The measurements in this study were done by using two techniques:
1- Gamma rays spectroscopy system was used to measure the specific activity for radionuclides. This system is consist of high purity of germanium detector (HPGe) with personal computer as multi channel analyzer (MCA) that computerized to plot the radioactive spectrum and compute the specific activities of the radionuclides. There are seven radionuclides are detected:
(Bi-214, Ra-226, TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212, K-40, and Cs-137), these radionuclides included; two

radionuclides (Bi-214,Ra-226) belong to the U-238 series, three radionuclides (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) belong to Th-232series, one natural radionuclide (K-40), and one artificial radionuclide (Cs-137).
For Dora refinery samples, the averages of specific activities of (Bi-214, Ra-226) were (7.79, 16.08) Bq/kg respectively, the averages of specific activities of (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) were (7.95,4.05,5.75) Bq/kg , the average of specific activities of (Cs-137) was (0.64) Bq/kg , the average of specific activities of (K-40) was (99.3) Bq/kg.
For Bijie refinery samples, the average of specific activities of (Bi-214) was (0.39) Bq/kg, the averages specific activities of (Bi-212, Pb-212) were (0.02,0.01) Bq/kg, the average of specific activities of (K-40) was (2.28) Bq/kg , and three radionuclides (Ra-226, TI-208, and Cs-137) were not appeared in Bijie samples.
2- solid state nuclear track detectors technique (SSNTDs), the uranium concentration determined by using CR-39 track detector and fission fragment track technique, the nuclear reaction used as source of uranium fission fragment is U-235 (n-f) obtained by the bombardment of U-235with thermal neutrons emitted from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5000 n/cm2.s) for seven days, the concentration were calculated by
comparison with the standard samples. The uranium concentration in Dora refinery samples were ranged between (0.95-3.34) ppm with average (2.03) ppm for solid samples and (1.25) ppm for liquid samples. The uranium concentration in Bijie refinery samples were ranged from (0.42-1.46) ppm with average (0.55) ppm in the solid samples and (1.24) ppm in the liquid samples, these results are agreement with the permissible limit from IAEA, the permissible limit is (1mSv/y) for the public.
Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitor Blend Efficiency in Recirculation Cooling Water of Al-Doura Refinery
Authors: Sameh Dr. Shatha A. 
Published: May 2021

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in circulating cooling water (C.T.) of Al Doura Refinery and performance of sodium nitrite (SN) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) inhibitor blend for inhibition of such corrosion process have been investigated at different temperatures, i.e., 303, 313, 323 K.
Weight loss experiment, under isothermal conditions, together with polarization method were carried out at 303, 313, and 323K using C.T., and make up with SN:SHMP (500:100) solutions. The results proved that the inhibition efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor used in this work is better than that obtained by the corrosion inhibitor used in C.T. of Al Doura Refinery and less effected by the change in temperature.
Analytical and Numerical Analysis for Estimation Hydrocarbon in Place for Fauqi Oil Field
Authors: Al-Suadni Dr. Jalal A. 
Published: May 2021

The Fauqi oil field is located about 50Km north-east Amara town in Iraq. This field has two producing reservoir units, the Asmari and the deeper Mishrif. Fauqi field is an anticline crossing the Iraqi-Iranian border and approximately 15 km long and 6 km wide.
The Fauqi anticline is most probably segmented by several faults due to its location on Zagrous mountains area. Since, it is not possible to get full knowledge on the extent, orientation and segmentation of the field.
Production data used for the Material Balance analyses is comprised of a record, by well, of monthly cumulative oil production for the period 01 May 1979 – 01November 2007. The field was shut in due to the Iran-Iraq war between September 1980 and August 1998 and due to Gulf war between March to December 2003.
Twelve major modules, with different degrees of analytical sophistication have been used to prove oil initially in place (STOIIP) for Fauqi oil field throughout analyzing single well production history of FQ-8A. The accuracy for the obtained results has been investigated which show an acceptable degree of reliability.
Performing the twelve of different analytical and numerical calculation for the production history of Fauqi oil well Fq-8A, may assist to reduce the uncertainties in the reservoir calculation of the STOIIP especially in Asmari reservoir which show a considerable degree of uncertainty between the analytical (multiple column model) and the (full tank model) and also with the numerical calculation.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July, August, September 2016 and Crude Oil production Rates and Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt
Authors: Somo Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company 
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – July 2016Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – August 2016Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – September 2016Table 4. Crude Oil production Rates and Crude Discharge for July / 2016Table 5. Oil Production Rates for July /2016 Table 6. Crude Oil Production Rates and Crude Discharge for August / 2016Table 7. Oil Production Rates for August /2016Table 8. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for July /2016Table 9. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for August / 2016
التحليل الكمي للمجاميع العضوية باستخدام تقنية الاشعة تحت الحمراء
Authors: شنيهج Kareem , رضا Selma , بصري Lamya 
Published: May 2021

استخدام طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء لاجراء التحليل الكمي للمجاميع العضوية اعتماداً على حساب طيف الامتصاص للمجاميع العضوية ( العطريات والبارافينات والنفثينات والاولفينات ومجموعة الكاربونيل ) وعند رسم علاقة النسب المئوية مع مقدار الامتصاصية تم الحصول على المنحنيات القياسية واشتقاق المعادلات الرياضية في الحسابات الكمية بواسطة جهاز الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) .
وحددت النسب المئوية للمجاميع العضوية للمركبات البارافينية والعطرية والنفثينية في زيوت التزييت وحساب الامتصاصية عند Wave number ((750 cm-1 طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(15 – 40) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9192 وكذلك تحديد النسب المئوية للبارافينات والعطريات بالكيروسين تحت Wave number (1610 cm-1) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين (10.2 – 50) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9842 وايضاً تم تحديد النسب المئوية الى الزايلينات هي (p– xylene ،o- xylene،m-xylene ) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(5– 30) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9849 و0.9613 و 0.9032 وايضاً تم تحديد ومعاملة كل واحد على حده مع زيت البارافين وبنسب ايضاً مختلفة وبنفس الطرق السابقة حصلنا على المعادلات الرياضية لحساب المواد البارافينية الى الميتا والبارا والاورثو زايلين وكذلك تحديد مجموعة Carbonyl group حيث مزجت مادة مثيل اثيل كيتون (MEK) طبق قانون بير في المدى بين(5 – 30) مايكروغرام/مل وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره 0.9716 و0.9670 وايجاد المعادلة النهائية لحساب المواد العطرية الموجودة في الـ ( ) بنفس الطرق السابقة حسبت النسبة المئوية للـ (MEK) تحت عدد موجي cm-1) 1730(.وقد تمت مقارنة النتائج التي حصلنا عليها من المعادلات الرياضية بواسطة جهاز الأشعة تحت الحمراء مع نتائج جهاز التحليل الكروماتوغرافيا GC)) للمقاطع النفطية الخفيفة لغرض التأكد من دقة الطريقة فقد كانت النتائج قريبة جداً بين قراءة الجهازين ونسبة الخطأ في جميع النقاط لاتتجاوز ( 0.5%± ).
Thermal Analysis of In-Service Welding Process for Pipeline
Authors: Amori Dr.Karima E. , Hussain Mohamed N. , Hilal Hadeel B. 
Published: May 2021

A numerical model had been developed using three dimensional finite element method to predict temperature history of pipe wall thickness by using a FORTRAN computer program. The developed numerical model concerned with the effect of power and velocity of moving heat source, temperature dependent material properties, and transient heat transfer and phase change transformation. Also the effect of heat flux and flow rate on cooling time was investigated numerically.
An experimental setup had been designed, manufactured and instrumented to investigate the thermal history of an in-service welding process considering air as the flowing fluid inside test pipe. The burn-through was investigated experimentally under the influence of gas flow rate, heat flux and the depth of defect presented in pipeline wall. It has been concluded that the burn-through do not occur for the studied parameter range. The results showed that as the flow rate increases from (24 - 30 lpm) the cooling time decrease by a rate of (11.7 %) and when the flow rate increase from (24-60 lpm) the cooling time decrease by a rate of (41.1 %) without affecting peak temperature with pipe wall thickness of (6mm). Also it has been concluded that as the heat flux increases from (1110- 1370 kJ/mm) the peak temperature increases with a rate of (22.11 %) and cooling time increase with (25.4 %) when the heat flux increases from (1110- 1659 kJ/mm) the peak temperature increases with a rate of (46.86%) and cooling time increase with (50.7 %) with pipe thickness of (6mm).
Poly Acryl Amide as Acid Corrosion Inhibitor of C-steel in 15% HCl
Authors: Yaqoob Dr. Ghassan Burhan 
Published: May 2021

The effect of poly acryl amide in the 15% HCl solution of carbon steel (class L-80) was studied using weight loss method , the efficiency of inhibitor increased by increasing inhibitor concentration and decreasing temperatures. Inhibition attributed to insoluble complex adsorbed on the coupon (L-80) carbon steel surface. The iron complex was identified by FTIR. And the mechanism of inhibition was explained as Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption operation was calculated and explained