bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Priscoline in Hypoperfusion (Hyaline Membrane) Syndrome (Continued)
Authors: Stern Leo , Beaudry Pierre H. 
Published: December 2021

We should like to comment on the letter by Dr. Cotton regarding the use of tolazoline HCL (Priscoline) in the management of Hyaline Membrane Disease (Pediatrics, 36:149, 1965) and to report our own experience with its use.
The theoretical basis for the use of such therapy is based upon the role of pulmonary asoconstniction and subsequent hypoperfusion of the lung as a central pathologic mechanism n the disease.1 In suggesting this mechanism, it is proposed that acetylcholine, as well as both the inhalation of oxygen and the rapid orrection of acidemia with bicarbonate will ilate the pulmonary vessels.
Assessment of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: DENHOFF ERIC 
Published: December 2021

When the "Complete Cerebral Palsy" textbook is written many portions of Holt's Assessment of Cerebral Palsy will be included. He has a typical British flair for "no nonsense with therapy." Holt states his goals and he achieves them. The goals are to guide the physician interested in this complex syndrome to precise observation and recording of gross and fine motor activities. He is particularly concerned with posture, tonus, locomotion, and hand use.
The text does not cover equally important aspects of cerebral palsy which are the psychological, perceptual, educational, and social elements. Etiology was purposely omitted because this has been covered in other texts.
COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2021

COUNSELING on feeding and nutrition is one of the cornerstones of continuous health supervision of infants and children. It is to the family physician or pediatrician that many parents turn for guidance in relation to the feeding and nutritional problems of their children. It is he who promotes normal growth and development through teaching the mother since only by educating the mother will there be any insurance that the diet of her child is nutritionally sound. He is also concerned with nutrition and diet as an integral part of medical diagnosis and therapy. He has numerous opportunities to apply the concepts of nutrition in health promotion, in disease prevention, in the diagnosis of disease, treatment of disease, and in rehabilitation from chronic illness.
The pediatrician's participation in community health services, such as well-child conferences and school health programs, frequently brings him into contact with municipal public health agencies. Such agencies often have many services available to help the pediatrician fulfil his role in promoting and maintaining the nutritional health of his patients and their families.
Nutrition services provided by state and local departments of health are directed primarily toward meeting the needs of specific groups, although at times the "group" may be the entire community. Efforts in nutrition counseling relate to those groups toward which specific health department activity is directed, e.g., expectant mothers, infants, children with handicapping conditions, children in day-care or other group-care settings, and many others with special requirements.
Pediatricians can look to public health agencies for a variety of nutrition services such as consultation on nutrition, dietary counseling services for patients, diagnostic nutrition services, provision of special dietary products, dietary consultation to hospitals and other group-care facilities, and nutrition education materials for their own reference as well as for use by their patients.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: GITZELMANN RICHARD 
Published: December 2021

As Dr. Rapkin has stated, a high dose of raffinose given by mouth did produce diarrhea in a healthy boy. However, it would be hard to administer the same quantity of raffinose in the form of soybean formula. This is best demonstrated by the following table of the chemical composition of soybeans in weight percentage (compiled from K. Täufel et al., Zschr. Lebensmittel-Unters. und-Forschung, 112:31, 1960):
[See Table in Source Pdf.] As can be seen, stachyose and raffinose together compose about 5% of the wet weight of the beans.
Spanish Summaries
Authors: COLEMAN ALLAN B. 
Published: December 2021

Regarding the summaries in Spanish, I have found them to be an excellent means of expanding my vocabulary of technical terms, since they are usually literal translations of the English summaries at the end of the papers. I was struck by a minor error in the October issue (Pediatrics, 36:592. 1965) which points up the problems of translation and communication troubles of our shrinking world.
In the summary of the paper by Scriver and Davies the term ion exchange resin is translated as "resina para el intercambio de hierro," which translated back means resin for the exchange of iron.
Brain-Thyroid Relationships, Ciba Foundation Study Group No. 18
Authors: CRIGLER JOHN F. 
Published: December 2021

This "compact" report of a Ciba Study Group presents current information on (1) physiological mechanism of thyroid regulation by the hypothalamus and pituitary, including a discussion of the role of hypothalamic temperature responsive centers on thyroid activity; (2) the role of thyroid hormones in brain development; and (3) the effect of congenital hypothyroidism and of hyperthyroidism on neurological function with respect to intellect and behavior.
The neurophysiological papers by Harris, Reichlin, and Anderson, dealing with our present knowledge of the source and nature of "thyrotropic-releasing factor" (TRF), and of the interrelation between the neutral and hormonal (thyroxine and the sympathomimetics) thermoregulatory factors involved in maintenance of thermal homeostasis, are factual, interesting and provocative.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: KOTTMEIER PETER K. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for the Dr. John G. Loeffler's letter and for giving us the opportunity to write a rejoinder to his remarks which were certainly well taken.
Dr. Loeffler's rejection of barium enema and rectal biopsy in a child of 2-3 years of age with chronic constipation and stool in the rectal ampulla appears to be justified. We did not emphasize the rectal examination and presence of stool in the ampulla, since in our experience stool can be found in the ampulla even in a patient with Hirschsprung's disease, especially with a low segment.
Radiologic Diagnosis Infants and Children
Authors: LOPRESTI JOSEPH M. 
Published: December 2021

This book represents the first American text on this subject since Caffey's classic Pediatric Radiology. It should prove useful to those who are interested in this specialty.
Some of the descriptive text is too brief. However, the radiographic reproductions are excellent. Such illustrations are "worth a thousand words." The author glosses over some controversial subjects, e.g., peptic ulcer in children hiatal hernia in infants.
The organization of the text follows a timehonored one, starting with the skull and proceeding through various systems.
Alterations of the Fundus in Hypernatremia
Authors: APOSTIKIS DR. COSTOS 
Published: December 2021

Disturbance in electrolyte equilibrium as a result of dehydration, especially hypernatremic dehydration, seems to have a considerable influence on the eye, besides its effect on the central nervous system.
In 18 infants suffering from dehydration observed at the children's hospital "Saint Sophia" in Athens, nine presented varying degrees of hypernatremia. Seven of these, with higher values of Na in the serum ranging from 160 mEq to 182 mEq, displayed a pathological image of the fundus, consisting of an edema of the area between disc and macula, undefined disc limits, and, occasionally, small spotted capillary hemorrhages.
Further Dangers of Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: HALL BRYAN DAVIS 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Claude D. Lauriault's communication (Pediatrics, 37:341, 1966) concerning the toxicity of diphenylhydantoin was timely and representative of many of the problems we have seen with the prolonged use of Dilantin. Some other serious problems in this regard were noted by our staff in an 11-year-old white male recently.
This child had been referred to us from a smaller Kentucky city as a possible Hodgkin's disease. He had been on the verge of irradiation therapy because of hepatosplenomegaly, hilar adenopathy, and a bone marrow aspirate with "atypical" lymphocytes.
Biochemical Approaches to Mental Handicap in Children, A Symposium of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, held at Liverpool University on September 16, 1964
Authors: EFRON MARY L. 
Published: December 2021

The second symposium of this new society was intended to present a few of the latest developments in this rapidly progressing field, and to review certain limited topics in depth. The seven papers included in this volume cover many very different aspects of the field of biochemical genetics.
Dr. Nina Carson reviews her findings from a mass survey by urine testing of almost 3,000 retarded patients; this very productive study first uncovered homocystinuria. The results will interest the many investigators concerned with screening for metabolic disorders, although none of the diseases are discussed in depth.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Eisenberg Leon 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Mason and I clearly disagree. Each of us has stated his view. I doubt seriously that either of us will persuade the other. What will matter to pediatricians will be the evidence on which our arguments are based.
The pendulum swings-agreed. The problem, however, is whether truth is to be found at absolute rest.
For all the air of gentle chiding and sweet reasonableness Dr. Mason assumes to begin with, his draconian beliefs issue forth in his last paragraph-and they could hardly differ more from my own.
The History of Paediatrics: The Progress of the Study of Diseases of Children up to the End of the XVIIIth Century, by George Frederic Still, M.D. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1965, 526 pp., 5.10.0 ($15.50)
Authors: Radbill Samuel X. 
Published: December 2021

First published in 1931 as an enlargement upon the Fitzpatrick lectures which were given a few years earlier at the Royal College of Physicians in London, the original edition of this book had become a rarity thanks to Hitler's bombers which destroyed all but about 800 copies. Now this facsimile reprint will meet an eager welcome. It complements Ruhräh's Pediatrics of the Past, which Still, in his preface, described as so "masterly and delightful an anthology." Using the biographical method, the growth of medical interest in children is traced chronologically from Hippocrates to Jenner, a period from about 400 B.C. to 1800 A.D. An appendix listing pediatric inaugural dissertations written between the years 1573 and 1799 and another listing minor writings, dissertations, and pamphlets from 1729 to 1797, as well as an index of names and subjects, add to the usefulness of the book.
George Frederic Still (1868-1941), whose last name is the eponym for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (the theme of his graduation thesis in 1897), was one of the first in England to devote himself to pediatrics as a modem specialty. He was the first professor of diseases of children in King's College, London, and the author of many important pediatric papers, as well as several books among which is his popular and beautifully written textbook on Common Disorders and Diseases of Children. But his most enduring gift to mankind is this remarkably accurate and scholarly study of the history of pediatrics. This reprint is a photocopy of the original.
Nothing but the name of the publisher on the title page has been altered, which will prove a boon to true scholars even though it stops short of the nineteenth and twentieth cunturies.
CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS: IATROGENIC RELATION TO PREVIOUS IRRADIATION
Authors: Hagler Sumner , Rosenblum Philip , Rosenblum Arthur 
Published: December 2021

Fifteen cases of carcinoma of the thyroid and four cases of thyroid adenoma in children and young adults are reported. In all, except one, irradiation had been given to the head, neck, or chest of these patients 5 to 17 years previously.
These observations suggest that carcinoma of the thyroid in children is related to irradiation, often prescribed for uncertain therapeutic effect. Irradiation to the head, neck, or chest of infants and children should be avoided wherever possible.
We believe these cases represent a remarkably high incidence of thyroid neoplasia to occur in a single practicing pediatric office. The practicing pediatrician who now follows his patients longitudinally from infancy through adolescence has a unique opportunity to observe the development of disease, even years later.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: SALBER EVA J. 
Published: December 2021

There are some points in Dr. Robertson's letter to which I feel I need to reply.
I do not know what the effect of including colored mothers would have been on the incidence of breast feeding in Boston. I deliberately kept my group homogeneous in this respect and, if I had included colored mothers, I would have analyzed their data separately and only if I had found no difference would I have combined the two groups.
PERIPHERAL BLOOD PLASMACYTOSIS FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE TO PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA (POKEWEED)
Authors: Barker B. E. , Farnes P. , LaMarche P. H. 
Published: December 2021

MITOGENIC properties of extracts from Phytolacca americana (pokeweed, scoke, inkberry) for human peripheral blood cells in vitro have been reported from this laboratory. Subsequently, the appearance of leukocytes typical of early and late members of the plasmacytic series was described in the peripheral bloods of two of the authors (P.F. and B.E.B.), who received accidental systemic exposure to the mitogen. Effects of phytomitogens on human cells in vivo are not established, although a number of investigators have administered phytohemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris to patients with aplastic anemia, hoping that the "transformed" lymphocytes might possess hematopoietic potentialities and repopulate the marrow with useful cells. Interpretations of such studies have been complicated by the small numbers of patients studied, the natural course of this group of anemias, simultaneous use of other therapy, and other variables.
More information has been accumulated about the effects of phytomitogens on peripheral blood cells in vitro. The process of "transformation" or blastogenesis of lymphocytes, whether induced by plant extracts or specific antigenic stimuli, appears to involve an immune mechanism, although morphologic differentiation toward the plasmacytic series is not seen in the in vitro environment.
Recently, we have had the opportunity to study serial blood films from children who received systemic exposure to pokeberry, either through proven oral ingestion (berries recovered from vomitus), or by exposure of fresh cuts and abrasions to pokeberry juice in the course of handling the berries. In each of these instances large cells morphologically typical of plasmablasts and proplasmacytes, and mature plasma cells were found in the peripheral blood films for periods up to 2 weeks following exposure. Mitotic cells were present in the peripheral blood during the first 10 days after exposure (Fig. 1 and 2).
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: EPIDEMIC GASTROENTERITIS, PRESUMABLY VIRAL
Authors: Webb Clarence H. , Wallace William M. 
Published: December 2021

EPIDEMIC GASTROENTERITIS is a frequent problem in the pediatric office and outpatient department. It is known to the public by numerous synonyms ("intestinal flu," "gi. grippe," "the winter vomiting disease," "epidemic vomiting," "acute nonspecific gastroenteritis," "the stomach virus," or, simply, "the bug"). Despite the scant references to this disorder as an entity in pediatric literature, it seems now to be the most frequent gastrointestinal infection, past 1 year of age, in this country. Sporadic occurrence is year-round but the season of greatest frequency is November through April. During this season, epidemic gastroenteritis generally ranks next to viral respiratory infection, otitis media, and streptococcal disease among pediatric infections.
The seasonal incidence, the sudden endemics, the short incubation period of less than a week, and the occasional respiratory symptoms have suggested that viral agents of the respiratory group are responsible for the disease, but attempts to isolate a specific agent have been fruitless. When enteroviruses have been implicated, especially ECHO type 18, the epidemics have been minor and have occurred during the summer months. Recurrent attacks in the same child, during a given winter on in subsequent years, indicate that the etiology is multiple or that solid immunity seldom develops from a single attack.
SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL COURSE
The cardinal symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and anorexia. Less often, aching, dizziness and malaise are noted. The onset is typically with explosive vomiting, occurring at intervals of 10 to 30 minutes oven the first 4 to 8 hours, then spontaneously diminishing in frequency.
XI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PEDIATRICS TOKYO, NOVEMBER 1965
Authors: Vahlquist B. , Ota K. 
Published: December 2021

IT HAS become usual in our congresses to have at least one topic dealing with pediatric education. Thus, at the Lisbon Congress in 1962 a group panel discussion was organized, co-sponsored by WHO, on "Preventive Pediatrics in the Under-graduate Curriculum" (Acta Paediat., Suppl. 151, 1963). At this Congress a somewhat different approach has been chosen, the session has acquired the rank of a plenary meeting, and the introductory talks will give a short presentation not only of pediatric education today, but also of future trends.
"Medicine is a life-long study" is a slogan which is rightly gaining ground, and which holds true for all medical disciplines, pediatrics included. It is just as pertinent whether we deal with pediatric specialists, with general practitioners, or with district officers of health. This means that the scope of education and the general methods for learning should attract an attention which goes far beyond university circles.
The first chair of pediatrics was created in 1845 in Stockholm. Today Sweden has one chair of pediatrics for every million inhabitants, roughly speaking. Still, much remains to he done. The comparatively low infant mortality figures, about 15/1,000. should not obscure the fact that much unnecessary sickness still exists among children in our country also, and that the time and interest devoted to mental behaviour problems in the younger age groups are quite inadequate.
In a recent sociological study in Sweden, a number of adults were asked which qualities in the doctor they appreciated most. It is revealing that the majority gave priority to understanding and friendliness. It may well be that knowledge and skill were taken for granted, but still the result reminds us of the fact that the basic needs of human beings are not always provided by technological progress.
Danger of the Folding Gate
Authors: SIMMONS JOHN WEBB , HATCHER ROBERT A. 
Published: December 2021

This is written to call attention to a possible hazard from a device commonly used by parents of small children. The device is a folding accordion-type gate used by parents as a barrier (also called an "expandable gate").
The parents of a 2½-year-old tot installed such a gate in the doorway of their son's room. In attempting to climb over the gate, the child slipped and caught his neck between the topmost bars with his feet off of the floor.
The Prenatal Lung
Authors: AVERY MARY ELLEN 
Published: December 2021

This book, consisting of 13 pages of text and 113 photomicrographs, is a very superficial study of six human fetal lungs from 6½ weeks to 29 weeks' gestational age. Only one specimen was studied by serial sections and reconstruction. The information presented is that which can be derived from inspection of 5 or 10 micron sections stained only with hematoxylin and eosin.
The questions which the pediatrician might ask the anatomist concern the time of appearance of lymphatics, secretory cells, and dimensions of airways and terminal sacs at different gestational ages.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN STUDIES OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: SINCLAIR JOHN C. 
Published: December 2021

ANSWERS to pressing questions of life and health in the neonatal period are being widely sought in both therapeutic trials and nontherapeutic investigations. As the search for knowledge about "babies" continues, it may be helpful to relate the accumulating evidence of the heterogeneity of this population to problems of experimental design.
Obvious differences among babies may be noted first (Table I). Variation among newborn infants in age, size, and resting metabolism may approximate the changes in these dimensions to be observed over the greater part of the remaining life span. It would seem as inappropriate for the small and large neonate to be included together in experimental studies under the label "baby," as for the baby, child, and adolescent to be grouped with the adult under the heading "people."
BIOLOGICAL FREUDIANISM
Authors: Dubos René , Savage Dwayne , Schaedler Russell 
Published: December 2021

Many experiences of early life affect the biological characteristics of the adult in a lasting manner. This phenomenon has been illustrated by epidemiological observations in man and by several experimental models in mice.
It has been shown, for example, that when newborn animals are nursed by mothers fed diets that are slightly inadequate, their size remains subnormal throughout their life span, even though the young are fed an optimum diet after weaning. A similar depression of growth can be produced by subclinical infections shortly after birth.
Decrease in resistance to various forms of stress can be brought about in young animals by various types of nutritional and environmental disturbances so mild that their effects are not recognized when the animals are maintained under usual laboratory conditions.
These findings indicate the possibility of devising laboratory models for the analysis of many puzzling sociomedical problems.
MODIFICATION OF THE SCHEDULE OF MYELINATION IN THE RAT BY EARLY NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION
Authors: Benton John W. , Moser Hugo W. , Dodge Philip R. , Carr Sheila 
Published: December 2021

Relative nutritional deprivation was produced in groups of 16 to 21 newborn rats who were all nursed by one dam (deprived group) and compared with control litters containing 10 or less animals. Both groups were weaned at 21 days and thereafter allowed an unlimited supply of food.
There was diminished somatic growth in all of the deprived group and, at 2 and 3 weeks, the weight of many of the deprived animals was approximately one-half that of the controls. Brain weight, total brain lipids, cholesterol, and phospholipids were reduced to approximately 80% of the control. Brain cerebrosides were affected to a greater extent than the other lipids, being only 50% of the control values. Histological sections showed less myelin. At 6 weeks, following 3 weeks of ad lib. food intake, the body weight, brain weight, and concentrations of the brain lipids of the initially deprived animals were essentially equal to those in the control animals.