bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failed preoperative vacuum bell therapy does not affect outcomes following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum
Authors: Muff J. L. , Guglielmetti L. C. , Gros S. J. , Buchmüller L. , Frongia G. , Haecker F. -M. , Holland-Cunz S. G. , de Trey T. , Vuille-dit-Bille Raphael N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
It is unknown if failed preoperative vacuum bell (VB) treatment in patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE), delays repair and/or affects postoperative outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis including all consecutive patients treated at one single institution undergoing MIRPE was performed between 2000 and 2016. Patients were stratified into preoperative VB therapy versus no previous VB therapy.

Results
In total, 127 patients were included. Twenty-seven (21.3%) patients had preoperative VB treatment for 17 months (median, IQR 8–34). All 27 patients stopped VB treatment due to the lack of treatment effect. Eight (47.1%) of 17 assessed VB patients showed signs of skin irritation or hematoma. VB treatment had no effect on length of hospital stay (p = 0.385), postoperative complications (p = 1.0), bar dislocations (p = 1.0), and duration of bar treatment (p = 0.174). Time spent in intensive care unit was shorter in patients with VB therapy (p = 0.007). Long-term perception of treatment including rating of primary operation (p = 0.113), pain during primary operation (p = 0.838), own perspective of look of chest (p = 0.545), satisfaction with the procedure (p = 0.409), and intention of doing surgery again (p = 1.0) were not different between groups.

Conclusions
Failed preoperative VB therapy had no or minimal effect on short-term outcomes and long-term perceptions following MIRPE.
Neuronal spreading and plaque induction of intracellular Aβ and its disruption of Aβ homeostasis
Authors: Roos Tomas T. , Garcia Megg G. , Martinsson Isak , Mabrouk Rana , Israelsson Bodil , Deierborg Tomas , Kobro-Flatmoen Asgeir , Tanila Heikki , Gouras Gunnar K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is thought to have prion-like properties promoting its spread throughout the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanism(s) of this spread remains unclear. Here, we show an important role of intracellular Aβ in its prion-like spread. We demonstrate that an intracellular source of Aβ can induce amyloid plaques in vivo via hippocampal injection. We show that hippocampal injection of mouse AD brain homogenate not only induces plaques, but also damages interneurons and affects intracellular Aβ levels in synaptically connected brain areas, paralleling cellular changes seen in AD. Furthermore, in a primary neuron AD model, exposure of picomolar amounts of brain-derived Aβ leads to an apparent redistribution of Aβ from soma to processes and dystrophic neurites. We also observe that such neuritic dystrophies associate with plaque formation in AD-transgenic mice. Finally, using cellular models, we propose a mechanism for how intracellular accumulation of Aβ disturbs homeostatic control of Aβ levels and can contribute to the up to 10,000-fold increase of Aβ in the AD brain. Our data indicate an essential role for intracellular prion-like Aβ and its synaptic spread in the pathogenesis of AD.
A symptom-based approach in predicting ECT outcome in depressed patients employing MADRS single items
Authors: Carstens Luisa , Hartling Corinna , Stippl Anna , Domke Ann-Kathrin , Herrera-Mendelez Ana Lucia , Aust Sabine , Gärtner Matti , Bajbouj Malek , Grimm Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstablishing symptom-based predictors of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcome seems promising, however, findings concerning the predictive value of distinct depressive symptoms or subtypes are limited; previous factor-analytic approaches based on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) remained inconclusive, as proposed factors varied across samples. In this naturalistic study, we refrained from these previous factor-analytic approaches and examined the predictive value of MADRS single items and their change during the course of ECT concerning ECT outcome. We used logistic and linear regression models to analyze MADRS data routinely assessed at three time points in 96 depressed psychiatric inpatients over the course of ECT. Mean age was 53 years (SD 14.79), gender ratio was 58:38 (F:M), baseline MADRS score was M = 30.20 (SD 5.42). MADRS single items were strong predictors of ECT response, remission and overall symptom reduction, especially items 1 (apparent sadness), 2 (reported sadness) and 8 (inability to feel), assessing affective symptoms. Strongest effects were found for regression models including item 2 (reported sadness) with up to 80% correct prediction of ECT outcome. ROC analyses were performed to estimate the optimal cut-point for treatment response. MADRS single items during the course of ECT might pose simple, reliable, time- and cost-effective predictors of ECT outcome. More severe affective symptoms of depression at baseline and a stronger reduction of these affective symptoms during the course of ECT seem to be positively associated with ECT outcome. Precise cut-off values for clinical use were proposed. Generally, these findings underline the benefits of a symptom-based approach in depression research and treatment in addition to depression sum-scores and generalized diagnoses.
Global high-throughput genotyping of organellar genomes reveals insights into the origin and spread of invasive starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa)
Authors: Sleith Robin S. , Karol Kenneth G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAquatic invasive species are damaging to native ecosystems. Preventing their spread and achieving comprehensive control measures requires an understanding of the genetic structure of an invasive population. Organellar genomes (plastid and mitochondrial) are useful for population level analyses of invasive plant distributions. In this study we generate complete organellar reference genomes using PacBio sequencing, then use these reference sequences for SNP calling of high-throughput, multiplexed, Illumina based organellar sequencing of fresh and historical samples from across the native and invasive range of Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv. in Loisel.) J.Groves, an invasive macroalgae. The data generated by the analytical pipeline we develop indicate introduction to North America from Western Europe. A single nucleotide transversion in the plastid genome separates a group of five samples from Michigan and Wisconsin that either resulted from introductions of two closely related genotypes or a mutation that has arisen in the invasive range. This transversion will serve as a useful tool to understand how Nitellopsis obtusa moves across the landscape. The methods and analyses described here are broadly applicable to invasive and native plant and algae species, and allow efficient genotyping of variable quality samples, including 100-year-old herbarium specimens, to determine population structure and geographic distributions.
Combining socio-economic and climate projections to assess heat risk
Authors: Landreau Armand , Juhola Sirkku , Jurgilevich Alexandra , Räsänen Aleksi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe assessments of future climate risks are common; however, usually, they focus on climate projections without considering social changes. We project heat risks for Finland to evaluate (1) what kind of differences there are in heat vulnerability projections with different scenarios and scales, and (2) how the use of socio-economic scenarios influences heat risk assessments. We project a vulnerability index with seven indicators downscaled to the postal code area scale for 2050. Three different scenario sets for vulnerability are tested: one with five global Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios; the second with three European SSPs (EUSSPs) with data at the sub-national scale (NUTS2); and the last with the EUSSPs but aggregated data at the national scale. We construct projections of heat risk utilizing climatic heat hazard data for three different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and vulnerability and exposure data for five global SSPs up to 2100. In the vulnerability projections, each scenario in each dataset shows a decrease in vulnerability compared to current values, and the differences between the three scenario sets are small. There are evident differences both in the spatial patterns and in the temporal trends when comparing the risk projections with constant vulnerability to the projections with dynamic vulnerability. Heat hazard increases notably in RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, but a decrease of vulnerability especially in SSP1 and SSP5 alleviates risks. We show that projections of vulnerability have a considerable impact on future heat-related risk and emphasize that future risk assessments should include the combination of long-term climatic and socio-economic projections.
Testing for Sex Differences in the Nomological Network of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in Incarcerated Individuals
Authors: Sica Claudio , Perkins Emily R. , Joyner Keanan J. , Caudek Corrado , Bottesi Gioia , Caruso Maria , Giulini Paolo , Ghisi Marta , Patrick Christopher J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes variants of this clinical condition as expressions of three distinct biobehavioral dispositions, termed boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. As a trait-oriented model, the triarchic model situates psychopathy within a broader nomological network of personality and psychopathology, and has proven useful for characterizing how psychopathy relates to variables in these domains as well as to biological and behavioral variables. The current study was the first to examine sex differences in the external correlates of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model in a prison sample. Results were generally consistent with hypotheses: The triarchic traits related to measures of personality and psychopathology in patterns that were largely consistent across sex, but with some notable differences between males and females, in the correlates of disinhibition in particular. These included stronger associations for disinhibition with substance use problems, self-harm, and staff ratings of prison misbehavior among females compared to males. Findings from this study support the value of the triarchic model for understanding similarities and differences in the nomological network of psychopathy in incarcerated males and females.
Paving the path: drivers of standardization participation at ISO
Authors: Blind Knut , von Laer Maximilian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral studies investigating the trade effects of standardization have found a positive impact of the number of international standards in a country on its trade volumes. While international standards have so far been considered as exogenous, we investigate what drives countries to take over leading roles, i.e. secretariats, in committees of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) using a panel dataset on the ISO participation of 12 countries. Looking at this phenomenon through the perspective of agenda setting in international institutions we expect ISO participation to be a desirable tool for shaping technological trajectories and substantiating global influence via international technology transfer. We find that, while for most countries no systematic pattern can be observed, both China and the US show a close correlation between R&D and standardization work at ISO. For China, we attribute this finding to having a strategic approach toward standardization participation, for the US to the distinct features of the decentralized US standardization system. Finally, we derive implications of findings for both research and practice.
GIS derived synthetic rating curves and HAND model to support on-the-fly flood mapping
Authors: Scriven Blair William Gerald , McGrath Heather , Stefanakis Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA timely and cost-effective method of creating inundation maps could assist first responders in allocating resources and personnel in the event of a flood or in preparation of a future disaster. The Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) model could be implemented into an on-the-fly flood mapping application for a Canada-wide service. The HAND model requires water level (m) data inputs while many sources of hydrological data in Canada only provide discharge (m3/sec) data. Synthetic rating curves (SRCs), created using river geometry/characteristics and the Manning’s formula, could be utilized to provide an approximate water level given a discharge input. A challenge with creating SRCs includes representing how multiple different land covers will slow impact flow due to texture and bulky features (i.e., smooth asphalt versus rocky river channel); this relates to the roughness coefficient (n). In our study, two methods of representing multiple n values were experimented with (a weighted method and a minimum-median method) and were compared to using a fixed n method. A custom ArcGIS tool, Canadian Estimator of Ratings Curves using HAND and Discharge (CERC-HAND-D), was developed to create SRCs using all three methods. Control data were sourced from gauge stations across Canada in the form of rating curves. Results indicate that in areas with medium to medium–high river gradients (S > 0.002 m/m) or with river reaches under 5 km, the CERC-HAND-D tool creates more accurate SRCs (NRMSE = 3.7–8.8%, Percent Bias = −7.8%—9.4%), with the minimum-median method being the preferred n method.
Optimization of competitive supply chains with retailers’ horizontal cooperation and consumers’ green preference
Authors: Shang Wenfang , Teng Liangliang , Yang Jian-bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the wider recognition of the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development, more and more manufacturers have begun to implement green manufacturing strategies. However, green development is a gradual process, and the coexistence of ordinary and green products is common. This paper examines the competition between ordinary products and green ones based on supply chains, and discusses the impact of retailers’ horizontal cooperation on pricing, greenness, market demand, profit, and other related decisions and results. Model solutions and numerical experiments have shown that consumers’ green preference (CGP) has a positive impact on the results of green products and negative effects on those of ordinary ones; however, the impact of competition intensity (CI) is more complex, and the trend tends to change if it exceeds a certain critical value. In general, cooperation encourages retailers to raise prices and make manufacturers lower wholesale prices, but the retail and wholesale prices of green products are always higher than the corresponding prices of ordinary ones. Market demand can be reduced due to cooperation, but it is conducive to strengthening green products’ greenness. However, if CI exceeds a certain threshold, the greenness will be weakened by cooperation. Both retailers can benefit from cooperation easily and they always reach a win-win situation, but manufacturers suffer badly as a result. Nevertheless, when CI is weak, cooperation will bring a greater profit improvement to the whole chain of ordinary products; in this case, if a retailer is willing to compensate for a manufacturer’s profit loss and help it benefit from cooperation, the manufacturer will encourage the retailer to cooperate horizontally with the green retailer, but the green chain will be seriously damaged. When CI is strong, the greenness of green products is not obvious enough, and cooperation can bring some chances to achieve a win-win situation for two chains; if the green retailer can obtain a larger share from cooperation under this scenario, it can also enable its manufacturer to obtain compensation and change the profit increment from negative to positive. From an overall perspective, when CI is very weak or very strong, horizontal cooperation is conducive to improving the profit of the entire supply chain competition system, but when CI is relatively flat, independent operation for each chain is more advantageous; if the competition status is stable and unchanged, independent competition will be superior to horizontal cooperation.
Review on the extraction of calcium supplements from eggshells to combat waste generation and chronic calcium deficiency
Authors: Singh Akshita , Kelkar Nachiket , Natarajan Kannan , Selvaraj Subbalaxmi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen faced with a plethora of issues, the possibility of one problem becoming the solution of another is a rare, yet beneficial scenario. This report explores the prospect of viewing the accumulation of organic waste matter in India as a potential calcium reservoir to relieve the issue of calcium deficiency in the population. Waste generation has seen gradual growth, and it has created a problem of waste disposal. A large segment of the generated waste primarily consists of food waste which contains significant amounts of nutrients. Food waste such as eggshells, waste from shellfish, bones, and fish scales contain good amounts of bioavailable calcium, and large quantities of this discarded bioavailable calcium remain unused. Global studies show India to have significantly lower levels of calcium intake than the global average, thus increasing the risk of calcium deficiency-related diseases. Furthermore, research shows that for over the past half of the century, the intake of dietary calcium has declined drastically throughout India. This has led to chronic calcium deficiency-related diseases throughout most of the Indian population. Hence, development of calcium supplements from calcium-rich waste material has the potential to not only reduce the strain on waste management, but also to provide the calcium-deficient population with a cheaper alternative to traditional supplements. Owing to the abundance and ease of separation, eggshells have been chosen as the focus of the review. This review highlights and compares their extraction methods of providing cheap calcium supplements while reducing the amount of eggshell waste.
CRISPR-Cas9 and beyond: what’s next in plant genome engineering
Authors: Zess Erin , Begemann Matthew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScientists have developed and deployed successive generations of genome engineering technologies for use in plants, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, TAL effector nucleases, and CRISPR nucleases. Each of these tools has been hailed as potentially revolutionary, capable of providing more efficient and precise ways to modify plant genomes toward improving agronomic traits or making fundamental discoveries. The CRISPR nucleases, in particular, have accelerated the pace of innovation and expanded the boundaries of what is achievable within the plant research space. This review will take care to discuss current plant genome engineering technologies, covering both well-established and up-and-coming tools, as well as describe potential and real-world applications.
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Ready for Prime-Time in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Luchini Claudio , Lawlor Rita T. , Bersani Samantha , Vicentini Caterina , Paolino Gaetano , Mattiolo Paola , Pea Antonio , Cingarlini Sara , Milella Michele , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomerase-independent mechanism used by some types of malignancies, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, to overcome the issue of telomere shortening, thus supporting tumor growth and cell proliferation. This review is focused on the most important achievements and opportunities deriving from ALT assessment in PanNET onco-pathology, highlighting the most promising fields in which such biomarker could be implemented in clinical practice.

Recent Findings
In pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET), ALT is strongly correlated with the mutational status of two chromatin remodeling genes, DAXX and ATRX. Recent advances in tumor biology permitted to uncover important roles of ALT in the landscape of PanNET, potentially relevant for introducing this biomarker into clinical practice. Indeed, ALT emerged as a reliable indicator of worse prognosis for PanNET, helping in clinical stratification and identification of “high-risk” patients. Furthermore, it is a very specific marker supporting the pancreatic origin of neuroendocrine neoplasms and can be used for improving the diagnostic workflow of patients presenting with neuroendocrine metastasis from unknown primary. The activation of this process can be determined by specific FISH analysis.

Summary
ALT should be introduced in clinical practice for identifying “high-risk” PanNET patients and improving their clinical management, and as a marker of pancreatic origin among neuroendocrine tumors.
Adapting services for autism: Recommendations from a specialist multidisciplinary perspective using freelisting
Authors: Petty Stephanie , Bergenheim Milja-Leea , Mahoney Georgina , Chamberlain Lucy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe guidance available for tailoring mental health services for autistic people is limited and dispersed. Practitioners attempting to appropriately adapt mental healthcare and therapy provision report low confidence and inconsistency in their approach. This study contributes to the guidance by providing a shortlist of usable and priority adaptations for diagnostic and therapy services as described by multidisciplinary staff members responsible for the design and delivery of a specialist autism service in the UK. Individual freelisting interviews were conducted with 15 staff, who were asked to list the ways that they adapt their practice individually, within therapy, and collectively as a service. Salience and cultural consensus analyses demonstrated the following agreed priority service adaptations: ensuring the suitability of the service environment with consideration of sensory demands, adapting communication, knowing individual gender identity preferences and minimising client uncertainty. Detailed examples are given for flexibly adapting therapy to individual needs to inform general and specialist services. The findings require replication and evaluation.