bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Local and Systemic DTPA Treatment Efficacy According to Actinide Physicochemical Properties Following Lung or Wound Contamination in the Rat
Authors: Griffiths Nina M. , Van der Meeren Anne , Grémy Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: In cases of occupational accidents in nuclear facilities or subsequent to terrorist activities, the most likely routes of internal contamination with alpha-particle emitting actinides, such as plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am), are by inhalation or following wounding. Following contamination, actinide transfer to the circulation and subsequent deposition in skeleton and liver depends primarily on the physicochemical nature of the compound. The treatment remit following internal contamination is to decrease actinide retention and in consequence potential health risks, both at the contamination site and in systemic retention organs as well as to promote elimination. The only approved drug for decorporation of Pu and Am is the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). However, a limited efficacy of DTPA has been reported following contamination with insoluble actinides, irrespective of the contamination route. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the efficacy of prompt local and/or systemic DTPA treatment regimens following lung or wound contamination by actinides with differing solubility. The conclusions are drawn from retrospective analysis of experimental studies carried out over 10 years.Materials and Methods: Rat lungs or wounds were contaminated either with poorly soluble Mixed OXide (U, Pu O2) or more soluble forms of Pu (nitrate or citrate). DTPA treatment was administered promptly after contamination, locally to lungs by insufflation of a powder or inhalation of aerosolized solution or by injection directly into the wound site. Intravenous injections of DTPA were given either once or repeated in combination with the local treatment. Doses ranged from 1 to 30 µmol/kg. Animals were euthanized from day 7–21 and alpha activity levels were measured in urine, lungs, wound, bone and liver for determination of decorporation efficacy.Results: Different experiments confirmed that whatever the route of contamination, most of the activity is retained at the entry site after insoluble MOX contamination as compared with contamination with more soluble forms which results in very low activities reaching the systemic compartment and subsequent retention in bone and liver. Several DTPA treatment regimens were evaluated that had no significant effect on either lung or wound levels compared with untreated animals. In contrast, in all cases systemic retention (skeleton and liver) was reduced and urinary excretion were enhanced irrespective of the contamination route or DTPA treatment regimen.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that despite limitation of retention in systemic organs, different DTPA protocols were ineffective in removing insoluble actinides deposited in lungs or wound site. For moderately soluble actinides, local or intravenous DTPA treatment reduced activity levels both at contamination and at systemic sites.
Identification of Plitidepsin as Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytopathic Effect After a Drug Repurposing Screen
Authors: Rodon Jordi , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Noguera-Julian Marc , Paredes Roger , Mateu Lourdes , Quiñones Carles , Perez Carles , Erkizia Itziar , Blanco Ignacio , Valencia Alfonso , Guallar Víctor , Carrillo Jorge , Blanco Julià , Segalés Joaquim , Clotet Bonaventura , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria 
Published: March 2021

There is an urgent need to identify therapeutics for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although different antivirals are given for the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, their efficacy is still under evaluation. Here, we have screened existing drugs approved for human use in a variety of diseases, to compare how they counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect and viral replication in vitro. Among the potential 72 antivirals tested herein that were previously proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, only 18 % had an IC50 below 25 µM or 102 IU/ml. These included plitidepsin, novel cathepsin inhibitors, nelfinavir mesylate hydrate, interferon 2-alpha, interferon-gamma, fenofibrate, camostat along the well-known remdesivir and chloroquine derivatives. Plitidepsin was the only clinically approved drug displaying nanomolar efficacy. Four of these families, including novel cathepsin inhibitors, blocked viral entry in a cell—type specific manner. Since the most effective antivirals usually combine therapies that tackle the virus at different steps of infection, we also assessed several drug combinations. Although no particular synergy was found, inhibitory combinations did not reduce their antiviral activity. Thus, these combinations could decrease the potential emergence of resistant viruses. Antivirals prioritized herein identify novel compounds and their mode of action, while independently replicating the activity of a reduced proportion of drugs which are mostly approved for clinical use. Combinations of these drugs should be tested in animal models to inform the design of fast track clinical trials.
Kinetics, Moderators and Reference Limits of Exercise-Induced Elevation of Cardiac Troponin T in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Feifei , Hopkins Will G. , Wang Xuejing , Baker Julien S. , Nie Jinlei , Qiu Junqiang , Quach Binh , Wang Kun , Yi Longyan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Kinetics, moderators and reference limits for exercise-induced cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevations are still unclear.Methods: A systematic review of published literature was conducted adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies reporting high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations before and after a bout of exercise in athletes were included and analyzed. The final dataset consisted of 62 estimates from 16 bouts in 13 studies of 5–1,002 athletes (1,421 in total). Meta-analysis was performed using general linear mixed modeling and Bayesian inferences about effect magnitudes. Modifying fixed-effect moderators of gender, age, baseline level, exercise duration, intensity and modalities were investigated. Simulation was used to derive 99th percentile with 95% limits of upper reference ranges for hs-cTnT of athletic populations.Results: The mean and upper reference limits of hs-cTnT before exercise were 4.4 and 19 ng.L−1. Clear increases in hs-cTnT ranging from large to very large (factor changes of 2.1–7.5, 90% compatibility limits, ×/÷1.3) were evident from 0.7 through 25 h, peaking at 2.9 h after the midpoint of a 2.5-h bout of running, when the mean and upper reference limit for hs-cTnT were 33 and 390 ng L−1. A four-fold increase in exercise duration produced a large clear increase (2.4, ×/÷1.7) in post-exercise hs-cTnT. Rowing exercise demonstrated an extremely large clear reduction (0.1 ×/÷2.4).Conclusions: The kinetics of cTnT elevation following exercise, the positive effect of exercise duration, the impact of exercise modality and 99th upper reference limits for athletic populations were reasonably well defined by this meta-analysis.
Abnormal Large-Scale Network Activation Present in Bipolar Mania and Bipolar Depression Under Resting State
Authors: Zeng Can , Ross Brendan , Xue Zhimin , Huang Xiaojun , Wu Guowei , Liu Zhening , Tao Haojuan , Pu Weidan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Previous studies have primarily focused on the neuropathological mechanisms of the emotional circuit present in bipolar mania and bipolar depression. Recent studies applying resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have raise the possibility of examining brain-wide networks abnormality between the two oppositional emotion states, thus this study aimed to characterize the different functional architecture represented in mania and depression by employing group-independent component analysis (gICA).Materials and Methods: Forty-one bipolar depressive patients, 20 bipolar manic patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and received resting-state fMRI scans. Group-independent component analysis was applied to the brain network functional connectivity analysis. Then, we calculated the correlation between the value of between-group differences and clinical variables.Results: Group-independent component analysis identified 15 components in all subjects, and ANOVA showed that functional connectivity (FC) differed significantly in the default mode network, central executive network, and frontoparietal network across the three groups. Further post-hoc t-tests showed a gradient descent of activity—depression &gt; HC &gt; mania—in all three networks, with the differences between depression and HCs, as well as between depression and mania, surviving after family wise error (FWE) correction. Moreover, central executive network and frontoparietal network activities were positively correlated with Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) scores and negatively correlated with Young manic rating scale (YMRS) scores.Conclusions: Three brain networks heighten activity in depression, but not mania; and the discrepancy regions mainly located in prefrontal, which may imply that the differences in cognition and emotion between the two states is associated with top–down regulation in task-independent networks.
Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurodevelopmental Regression Present a Severe Pattern After a Follow-Up at 24 Months
Authors: Martin-Borreguero Pilar , Gómez-Fernández Antonio Rafael , De La Torre-Aguilar Maria Jose , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Flores-Rojas Katherine , Perez-Navero Juan Luis 
Published: March 2021

This study examined the presence of neurodevelopmental regression and its effects on the clinical manifestations and the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a group of children with autism compared with those without neurodevelopmental regression at the time of initial classification and subsequently.Methods and Subjects: ASD patients were classified into two subgroups, neurodevelopmental regressive (AMR) and non-regressive (ANMR), using a questionnaire based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised test. The severity of ASD and neurodevelopment were assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale Test-2, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders Behavior Inventory Parent Ratings (PDDBI) and with the Battelle Developmental Inventory tests at the beginning of the study and after 24 months of follow-up. Fifty-two patients aged 2–6 years with ASD were included. Nineteen were classified with AMR, and 33 were classified with ANMR.Results: The AMR subgroup presented greater severity of autistic symptoms and higher autism scores. Additionally, they showed lower overall neurodevelopment. The AMR subgroup at 24 months had poorer scores on the Battelle Developmental Inventory test in the following areas: Total personal/social (p &lt; 0.03), Total Motor (p &lt; 0.04), Expressive (p &lt; 0.01), and Battelle Total (p &lt; 0.04). On the PDDBI test, the AMR subgroup had scores indicating significantly more severe ASD symptoms in the variables: ritual score (p &lt; 0.038), social approach behaviors (p &lt; 0.048), expressive language (p &lt; 0.002), and autism score (p &lt; 0.003).Conclusions: ASD patients exhibited a set of different neurological phenotypes. The AMR and ANMR subgroups presented different clinical manifestations and prognoses in terms of the severity of autistic symptoms and neurodevelopment.
Socioeconomic Status and Parental Lifestyle Are Associated With Vascular Phenotype in Children
Authors: Köchli Sabrina , Endes Katharina , Grenacher Julia , Streese Lukas , Lona Giulia , Hauser Christoph , Deiseroth Arne , Zahner Lukas , Hanssen Henner 
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Socioeconomic barriers and lifestyle conditions affect development of cardiovascular disease in adults, but little is known about the association of parental lifestyle and education with childhood health. We aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic status (SES), migration background, parental physical activity (PA) and smoking status with micro-and macrovascular health in children.Methods: In 2016/2017, 833 school children (aged 7.2 ± 0.4 years) in Basel (Switzerland) were screened for retinal arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), SES, migration background and parental PA as well as smoking status.Results: High parental PA levels were associated with a favorable higher AVR (p = 0.020) and lower PWV (p = 0.035), but not independent of parental smoking status. Children with parents who smoked had a higher PWV [4.39 (4.35–4.42) m/s] compared to children with non-smoking parents [4.32 (4.29–4.34) m/s, p = 0.001]. Children of parents with a low household income had a higher PWV [4.36 (4.32–4.41) m/s] compared to children of parents with a high household income [4.30 (4.26–4.34) m/s, p = 0.033]. Low parental educational level was associated with a lower AVR [0.86 (0.85–0.88)] compared to children with highly educated parents [AVR:0.88 (0.87–0.88), p = 0.007; PWV: 4.33 (4.30–4.35) m/s, p = 0.041]. Children with a European background showed a higher AVR [0.88 (0.87–0.88)] compared to non-European children [AVR: (0.86 (0.85–0.87), p = 0.034].Conclusion: Parental PA is associated with better macro- and microvascular childhood health. However, the positive association is lost when parental smoking is considered in the analysis. Socioeconomic factors seem to associate with subclinical vascular alterations in children. Primary prevention programs should focus on including parental lifestyle interventions and educational programs to reduce the burden of lifestyle-associated barriers in order to improve cardiovascular health during lifespan.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Exercise and Arterial Modulation in Youth, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02853747, NCT02853747.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Chinese Patients Receiving Hepatectomy With or Without Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Strategy
Authors: Kang Tieli , Jia Zhishuo , Xing Guoquan , Zhou Quanhe 
Published: March 2021

Purposes: For the first time in China, the current study was designed to compare the clinical outcomes between Chinese patients receiving hepatectomy with or without the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategy.Methods: The current study enrolled 250 patients who would receive hepatectomy. Patients were randomized into two groups: ERAS group (n = 125, ERAS strategy) and control (n = 125, conventional care). Mortality, length of hospital stay, readmission, and complications were assessed over 30 days after the operation.Results: The average age of the whole cohort was 65 (63–68) years, with 152 males (60.8%). There was no difference between two groups in baseline features, such as age, sex, medical history, Child–Pugh hepatic function, American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status, operative type, hepatectomy type, and hepatic pathology (P &gt; 0.05 for all). There was no occurrence of death in the two groups. Patients in the ERAS group had significantly less occurrence of post-operative complications and a shorter length of hospital stay (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in seven patients in the control group, but did not occur in the ERAS group (P &lt; 0.05). Patients in the two groups had similar occurrence of readmission (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusions: ERAS strategy significantly decreased the occurrence of operative complications and shortened the length of hospital stay without any increase in mortality or readmission in Chinese patients receiving hepatectomy.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Candidate Genes and Pathways Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China: A Study Based on Public Databases
Authors: Zhang Peng , Feng Jing , Wu Xue , Chu Weike , Zhang Yilian , Li Ping 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin exposure are predominant causes of HCC in China, whereas hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol intake are likely the main risk factors in other countries. It is an unmet need to recognize the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCC in China.Methods: In this study, microarray datasets (GSE84005, GSE84402, GSE101685, and GSE115018) derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed to obtain the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by R software. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and hub genes were identified by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape, respectively. The hub genes were verified using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter online databases were performed on the TCGA HCC dataset. Moreover, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was used to verify candidate genes’ protein expression levels.Results: A total of 293 common DEGs were screened, including 103 up-regulated genes and 190 down-regulated genes. Moreover, GO analysis implied that common DEGs were mainly involved in the oxidation-reduction process, cytosol, and protein binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis presented that common DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, complement and coagulation cascades, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and tryptophan metabolism. In the PPI network, three subnetworks with high scores were detected using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin. The top 10 hub genes identified were CDK1, CCNB1, AURKA, CCNA2, KIF11, BUB1B, TOP2A, TPX2, HMMR and CDC45. The other public databases confirmed that high expression of the aforementioned genes related to poor overall survival among patients with HCC.Conclusion: This study primarily identified candidate genes and pathways involved in the underlying mechanisms of Chinese HCC, which is supposed to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in China.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, JENIS KELAMIN, DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN PEKERJA BUKAN PENERIMA UPAH (PBPU) DENGAN KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR IURAN BPJS KESEHATAN DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Prakoso Anom Dwi , Sudasman Fuad Hilmi 
Published: March 2021

Pekerja Bukan Penerima Upah (PBPU) menjadi sektor angkatan kerja yang paling dominan belum terdaftar sebagai peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Hal ini mengakibatkan susah tercapainya Cakupan Semesta yang ditargetkan oleh Pemerintah. Diresmikannya kenaikan tarif iuran BPJS Kesehatan sebesar dua kali lipat dapat menambah keengganan PBPU untuk membayar iuran BPJS Kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis hubungan usia, jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap kesediaan membayar iuran BPJS kesehatan. Penelitian case control dilakukan di Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Januari-Februari 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah 100 PBPU bukan peserta BPJS Kesehatan sebagai kelompok kasus dan 100 PBPU peserta BPJS Kesehatan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Variabel independen yaitu usia, jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan. Variabel dependen adalah kesediaan membayar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data dengan regresi logistik. Kesediaan membayar iuran BPJS Kesehatan pada PBPU meningkat pada usia ≥43 tahun (b=5.03; CI 95%= 2.90-6.61; <0.001), jenis kelamin laki-laki (b=6.18; CI 95%= 3.12-7.19; p<0.001), tingkat pendidikan ≥SMA (b=3.10; CI 95%= 0.96-4.31; p=0.002). Usia, jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kesediaan membayar iuran BPJS Kesehatan pada PBPU.
Application of free side edges to thickness shear bulk acoustic resonator on lithium niobate for suppression of transverse resonances
Authors: Wu Ting , Wong Yu-Po , Wu Zhao-Hui , Bao Jing-Fu , Hashimoto Ken-Ya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the applicability of free side edges to a thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators (TSBARs) on a rotated Y-cut lithium niobate plate for suppression of lateral energy leakage and the transverse mode resonances. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that free edges are effective to suppress lateral leakage and transverse mode resonances in free-standing TSBARs. Although this technique is applicable only to the X side boundaries, it is shown that the Y′ side perpendicular to the X side can be designed for the piston mode operation independently by the simple two-dimensional analysis ignoring wave propagation toward the X direction. Then the discussion is extended to the solidly-mounted TSBAR. It is shown that this technique works well also for this case, and removal of the first few Bragg layers is enough for the transverse mode suppression.
Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Inisiatif Guru Melalui Model Pembelajaran Daring dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Jumani  
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran daring dalam meningkatkan kreativitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran dirumah di SMPN 6 Toboali. Metode penelitian tindakan sekolah ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan yang diadopsi dari model penelitian Elliot. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP N 6 Toboali, Bangka Selatan pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 saat terjadi pandemi COVID-19. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas 7,8 dan guru kelas 9. Objek penelitiannya adalah home learning melalui pembelajaran daring selama periode COVID-pandemi. 19. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran daring dapat mengatasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran selama periode COVID -19 melalui kreativitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah. Kreativitas dan inisiatif guru mengalami peningkatan dalam pembuatan RPP sebesar 18%, pengelolaan pembelajaran daring sebesar 12%, aktivitas siswa sebesar 17% dan nilai belajar siswa sebesar 9,6% dari siklus I ke siklus II dalam pembelajaran. Setelah ada inisiatif aktif, tindakan kreatif dan kompetensi guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di rumah, pembelajaran dapat berjalan lancar dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19.