bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: New Paths in Civil Defence History
Authors: Cronqvist Marie , Farbøl Rosanna , Sylvest Casper 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe introduction to the volume lays out the rationale and ambitions of the book, delineates its chronological and geographical focus and situates it in the existing historiography of civil defence. One central ambition is to advance civil defence history by attuning it more explicitly to the study of science and technology and to pave the way for transnational and comparative efforts. We do so in two steps. We introduce and explore the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries developed by Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim, before applying and adjusting it to civil defence history. Finally, the introduction provides a brief overview of the chapters in the volume.
Order on Their Home Fronts: Imagining War and Social Control in 1950s NATO
Authors: Bjørnsson Iben 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter looks at deliberations about control of the population in NATO’s Civil Defence Committee and the Senior Committee for Civil Emergency Planning, and their roots in modern culture and science. Treating fear emerged as an important part of the modern psychological sciences in the twentieth century. Applied to military medicine with the World Wars, it became its own scientific field. The results were transported to civil defence research, where the question of panic became a feature of the nuclear reality. As maintenance of government control and control of the population became top priorities in the aforementioned committees, visions of the panicked mob came to be its own dystopic image. Underpinned by psychological sciences, a sociotechnical imaginary of preparedness emerged.
Normalising Nuclear War: Narrative Scenarios, Imaginative Geographies and Sites of Leisure in 1950s Britain
Authors: Hogg Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter offers an interpretation of British regional civil defence activities in the 1950s. I argue that the persistent social impact of nationwide sociotechnical imaginaries of nuclear weapons cannot be fully understood without considering the localised social, geographical and discursive contexts in which civil defence was located and enacted. This chapter traces the ways in which a wider (officially maintained) sociotechnical imaginary appears to have been embedded in and intertwined with these localised contexts. After discussing the bespoke narrative scenarios created to frame civil defence exercises and offering analysis of their public representation, I focus on sites of leisure and forms of civic engagement linked to civil defence activity. Lastly, I turn to imaginative geographies to explore how sociotechnical imaginaries became localised in this era.
Embedding Preparedness, Assigning Responsibility: The Role of Film in Sociotechnical Imaginaries of Civil Defence
Authors: Bennesved Peter , Sylvest Casper 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of film and television in embedding sociotechnical imaginaries of civil defence during the early nuclear age (c. 1949–1965) by zooming in on Sweden and Denmark, two neighbouring countries that differed both in terms of their political position in the Cold War and in the scale of their civil defence efforts. Following a theoretical discussion of the psychosocial effects of films and their manner of circulation, we analyse Swedish and Danish films in two periods demarcated by the thermonuclear disruption of civil defence during the mid-1950s. The analysis highlights how films were used to frame technologies and script and perform social norms. We argue that films constitute an important source for understanding the difficulties of embedding sociotechnical imaginaries of civil defence.
Being Somewhere
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo understand the experience of being present somewhere else, via a digital environment, we start by considering how we can experience being anywhere. We present several different philosophical and psychological perspectives on this, stressing the importance of perception. Each has something to offer and add to our understanding of digital travel. We compare four philosophical views: representationalism, relationism, enactivism and the sense-data view. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, but relationism is best placed to accommodate perceptual illusions, which is a prevalent view of the psychological nature of telepresence experiences. As suggested by enactivism and the direct perception approach, the possibilities for action in the world are important to the nature of our experience of places. This, in turn, is influenced by the characteristics of the world in which we act, through affordances.
When the Virtual Becomes Real?
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the first part of this final chapter, we look at several current trends in technologies used to enable various forms of digital travel, and some recent innovations—including social telepresence robots, drones, holograms and immersive VR. We briefly describe the approach and evaluate the pros and cons and potential of each, then move on to speculations about future directions and new possibilities. We present a method of stimulating new design ideas for digital travel, based on metaphors and blending theory. We illustrate the method using the metaphor: “To use my device is to travel”. In the second part of the chapter, we recap and finalise our journey through the book.
Relative Entropy of Coherent States on General CCR Algebras
Authors: Bostelmann Henning , Cadamuro Daniela , Del Vecchio Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor a subalgebra of a generic CCR algebra, we consider the relative entropy between a general (not necessarily pure) quasifree state and a coherent excitationthereof. We give a unified formula for this entropy in terms of single-particle modular data. Further, we investigate changes of the relative entropy along subalgebras arising from an increasing family of symplectic subspaces; here convexity of the entropy (as usually considered for the Quantum Null Energy Condition) is replaced with lower estimates for the second derivative, composed of “bulk terms” and “boundary terms”. Our main assumption is that the subspaces are in differential modular position, a regularity condition that generalizes the usual notion of half-sided modular inclusions. We illustrate our results in relevant examples, including thermal states for the conformal U(1)-current.
Development of secondary vortex structures in rotor wakes
Authors: Schwarz Clemens , Bodling Andrew , Wolf C. Christian , Brinkema Robert , Potsdam Mark , Gardner Anthony D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe blade tip vortex system is a crucial feature in the wake of helicopter rotors, and its correct prediction represents a major challenge in the numerical simulation of rotor flows. A common phenomenon in modern high-fidelity CFD simulations is the breakdown of the primary vortex system in hover due to secondary vortex braids. Since they are strongly influenced by the numerical settings, the degree to which these secondary vortex structures actually physically occur is still discussed and needs experimental validation. In the current work, the development of secondary vortex structures in the wake of a two-bladed rotor in hover conditions was investigated by combining stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements in different measurement planes and high-fidelity simulations. Secondary vortex structures were detected and quantified at different axial locations in the wake by applying an identical scheme to the measured and simulated velocity data. In agreement, it was found that the number of secondary vortices is maximum at a distance of$$0.8\,R$$0.8Rbelow the rotor. The more intense secondary vortex structures were quantitatively well captured in the simulation, whereas in the experiment a larger number of weaker vortices were detected. No distinct preferential direction of rotation was found for the secondary vortices, but they tended to develop in vortex pairs with alternating sense of rotation. A clustered occurrence of secondary vortices was observed close to the primary tip vortices, where the rolled-up blade shear layer breaks down into coherent vortex structures.Graphical abstract
Law of large numbers for the drift of the two-dimensional wreath product
Authors: Erschler Anna , Zheng Tianyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove the law of large numbers for the drift of random walks on the two-dimensional lamplighter group, under the assumption that the random walk has finite$$(2+\epsilon )$$(2+ϵ)-moment. This result is in contrast with classical examples of abelian groups, where the displacement afternsteps, normalised by its mean, does not concentrate, and the limiting distribution of the normalisedn-step displacement admits a density whose support is$$[0,\infty )$$[0,∞). We study further examples of groups, some with random walks satisfying LLN for drift and other examples where such concentration phenomenon does not hold, and study relation of this property with asymptotic geometry of groups.
Significance of current weather conditions for foliar traits of old-growth sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl) trees
Authors: Arab Leila , Seegmueller Stefan , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Eiblmeier Monika , Dannenmann Michael , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Key message
Sessile oak leaves showed a high degree of plasticity to atmospheric and pedospheric conditions.

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the significance of current weather conditions for foliar traits of adult sessile oak (Quercus petraea), one of the most valuable forest tree species in Central Europe. For this purpose, structural and functional traits were analysed in fully expanded, sun exposed leaves collected in south-west Germany from five old-growth forest stands, representing the meteorological and pedospheric conditions in the growing region, but differing in aridity during the 12 days before harvest in two consecutive years. Across the forest stands, most foliar traits differed significantly between wet and dry weather conditions before harvest as indicated by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). These traits included fresh weight/dry weight ratio, leaf hydration, leaf-C content, leaf-C/N ratio, structural N, soluble protein-N, total amino acid-N, cell wall composition, numerous specific amino acids as well as soluble sugar content. Structural biomass, δ13C signature, total N and total C as well as H2O2 contents were not affected by the weather before harvest. These results indicate a high plasticity of the foliar metabolism of drought-tolerant sessile oak to current weather conditions. They also suggest that sessile oak is characterized by a high potential to cope with the growth conditions expected as a consequence of future climate change.
Empirical modelling of snow cover duration patterns in complex terrains of Italy
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSnow cover duration is a crucial climate change indicator. However, measurements of days with snow cover on the ground (DSG) are limited, especially in complex terrains, and existing measurements are fragmentary and cover only relatively short time periods. Here, we provide observational and modelling evidence that it is possible to produce reliable time-series of DSG for Italy based on instrumental measurements, and historical documentary data derived from various sources, from a limited set of stations and areas in the central-southern Apennines (CSA) of Italy. The adopted modelling approach reveals that DSG estimates in most settings in Italy can be driven by climate factors occurring in the CSA. Taking into account spatial scale-dependence, a parsimonious model was developed by incorporating elevation, winter and spring temperatures, a large-scale circulation index (the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, AMV) and a snow-severity index, with in situ DSG data, based on a core snow cover dataset covering 97 years (88% coverage in the 1907–2018 period and the rest, discontinuously from 1683 to 1895, from historical data of the Benevento station). The model was validated on the basis of the identification of contemporary snow cover patterns and historical evidence of summer snow cover in high massifs. Beyond the CSA, validation obtained across terrains of varying complexity in both the northern and southern sectors of the peninsula indicate that the model holds potential for applications in a broad range of geographical settings and climatic situations of Italy. This article advances the study of past, present and future DSG changes in the central Mediterranean region.
Quantitative Evaluation of Phase Distribution in UHMWPE as Derived from a Combined Use of NMR FID Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Hansen Eddy , Hassani Alireza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new and robust statistical approach is explored with the objective to derive quantitative and reliable information on the molecular dynamics within distinct domains (crystalline, intermediate and amorphous domains) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The method consists of a critical evaluation of the free induction decay (FID) model, which is used to generate synthetic FID with a predefined signal-to-noise ratio by Monte Carlo simulations. The application of the method is demonstrated for three UHMWPE samples. A subsequent model fitting of their synthetic FIDs revealed a unique correlation between the error, i.e., standard deviation, of the derived parameters and the FID signal-to-noise ratio (SNRFID). Moreover, it was found that the method can be used to estimate the minimum required sampling time to obtain reliable parameter estimation of the FID model to experimental data.
Psychosoziale Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen im ersten Corona-Lock-Down unter Zuhilfenahme von Telefon und Online-Tools. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Haslinger Michaela , Weindl Dina , Peper-Bösenkopf Jessica , Haiderer Martina , Singer Verena , Zajec Karin 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Analyse einer Befragung von 20 Fachkräften des Gesundheits- und Sozialbereichs, die während des ersten „Lock-Downs“ aufgrund der Covid-19-Pandemie zur Sicherstellung der psychosozialen Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen Telefon und Onlinemedien benutzten. Veränderte Rahmenbedingungen, das Fehlen des persönlichen Kontakts sowie Auswirkungen auf die Behandlung (u. a. Beziehung, Inhalt, Methodik) wurden als negative Aspekte der distanzierten Behandlung beschrieben. Eine Veränderung der Privatsphäre sowie des Settings wurden sowohl als Vor- als auch Nachteil betrachtet. Als positiv wurden insbesondere Kontinuität, Flexibilität und Anonymität hervorgehoben.
Stress-Related Herpesvirus Reactivation in Badgers Can Result in Clostridium Proliferation
Authors: Tsai Ming-shan , Newman Chris , Macdonald David W. , Buesching Christina D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClostridium perfringens is an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen and a member of the commensal gut microbiome of many mammals. Predisposing factors such as coinfection with other pathogens or diet change can, however, cause overgrowth and subsequent disease development. Here we investigated the occurrence of C. perfringens in a free-ranging badger population with up to 100% prevalence of herpesvirus infection. Herpesvirus reactivation is known to be associated with increased susceptibility bacterial infections. PCR screening of rectal swabs from 69 free-ranging badgers revealed 15.9% (11/69, 95% CI = 9.1–26.3%) prevalence of detectable C. perfringens (Type A) DNA in the digestive tracts of assymptomatic animals. The results of Fisher’s exact test revealed C. perfringens detection was not biased by age, sex and seasons. However, badgers with genital tract gammaherpesvirus (MusGHV-1) reactivation (p = 0.007) and infection with a specific MusGHV-1 genotype (p = 0.019) were more prone to of C. perfringens proliferation, indicating coinfection biased dynamics of intestinal C. perfringens. An inclusion pattern analysis further indicated that, causally, MusGHV-1 reactivation potentiated C. perfringens detection. Whether or not specific MusGHV-1 genotype infection or reactivation plays a role in C. perfringens overgrowth or disease development in badgers will require further investigation. Nevertheless, a postmortem examination of a single badger that died of fatal disease, likely associated with C. perfringens, revealed MusGHV-1 detection in the small intestine.
Factors Associated with Treatment Satisfaction Among People Living with HIV in Japan and Other Selected Countries: Examination of the Intertwined Roles of Medication, Patient, and Provider Characteristics
Authors: Koga Ichiro , Wakatabe Rumi , Okamoto Noriko , Sasai Asuka , Kambara Keita , Maldonado Andres , de los Rios Patricia , Okoli Chinyere 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examined satisfaction and perceived challenges with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan vs three other Asian countries (China, Taiwan, South Korea), and 21 non-Asian countries, using data from the 2019 Positive Perspectives Study (pooled sample size from all 25 countries = 2389). Participants in other Asian countries were more likely than those in Japan to report they missed ART ≥ 1 time in the past month because they were depressed/overwhelmed (57.4%[89/155] vs 32.0%[24/75]), had privacy concerns (56.8%[88/155] vs 30.7%[23/75]), were concerned about the potential long-term negative impacts of ART (46.5%[72/155] vs 26.7%[20/75]), or just wanted to forget about HIV (45.8%[71/155] vs 22.7%[17/75]). ART satisfaction however did not differ significantly between surveyed PLHIV in Japan (54.7%[41/75]) vs those in other Asian countries (47.7%[74/155]). The percentage who felt that daily ART dosing limited their lives was 36.0%[27/75] among participants from Japan, 48.4%[75/155] among participants from other Asian countries, and 27.3%[589/2159] among those from non-Asian countries. Within a structural equation model using pooled data from all 25 countries, positive correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and “provider engagement” (β = 0.35), high perceived control over ART dosing schedule (β = 0.28), and the belief that ART prevents HIV transmission (β = 0.16). Conversely, negative correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and experience of ART side-effects (β = − 0.24), high “ART anxiety” (β = − 0.20); and being on multi-tablet regimens (β = − 0.13). Those ART-satisfied reported higher self-rated health and greater ART adherence. These findings underscore the need for patient-centered care to enhance treatment satisfaction and improve ART adherence.
Bringing Smart Home Technology to Peer-to-Peer Accommodation: Exploring the Drivers of Intention to Stay in Smart Accommodation
Authors: Papagiannidis Savvas , Davlembayeva Dinara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused disruptions in the sharing economy for both platforms and owners, who are typically micro-businesses. Lower demand and ample supply means that users have a great deal of choice. Finding ways for properties to differentiate themselves has been a pressing need. Against this background, this paper pursued two objectives: firstly to explore the perceived functional and emotional value of smart accommodation and the factors contributing to this by adopting the Theory of Consumption Values, and secondly to examine the role of perceived value in driving intention to stay in smart accommodation in the future. 430 responses were collected to analyse the relationships among antecedents, value and intention. The results showed that the functional value of smart accommodation is associated with the perception that such accommodation represents good value for the price, smart devices are useful, they can enhance control of stay experiences, and there are resources and opportunities facilitating the use of technology. Emotional value is determined by the perception that staying in smart accommodation represents sustainable behaviour, the integration of smart home technologies offers control over the stay experience, improves the entertainment experience, aesthetics and playfulness of using technology. Emotional values are inhibited by the perception of surveillance in smart accommodation. Also, the study offers evidence of the correlation of intention with functional and emotional value. The evidence contributes to the literature by explaining the potential implications of innovative technologies for business recovery in the post-pandemic reality, exploring the applications of smart technologies in delivering tourism services, and identifying the factors in the adoption of smart homes in the hospitality sector. The findings provide practical implications for facilitating the applications of innovative technology and its adoption in home and non-home environments.
The Differentiation of Narrative Styles in Individuals with High Psychopathic Deviate
Authors: Gawda Barbara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current study was designed to show the differentiation of narrative styles in individuals with high scores in Psychopathic deviate (Pd) scale and develop a method enabling identification of psychopathic personality traits based on linguistic indicators. 600 spontaneous narrations related to emotional topics have been examined for grammar, syntactic, and lexical indicators. The indicators have been selected based on a review related to language of psychopaths. The narrations were written by 200 persons who were also tested for psychopathic deviate and intelligence level, including prisoners diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Independent judges identified the linguistic indicators which were then counted for each person with the use of computer software. The configuration profiles of the linguistic indicators/narrative styles were established using k-mean clustering method. Then, ANOVA was performed to show which clusters differentiate the levels of psychopathic deviate. The findings show there are two configurations of language features (important: single features were not examined) associated with high levels of psychopathic deviate patterns. Two narrative styles were identified, labelled demonstrative-digressive-egocentric-emotional-dogmatic and reserved-focused on the topic-repetitive, which indicate high psychopathic deviate traits. The ROC curves were applied to establish the prediction of the narrative styles for high psychopathic deviate scores.