bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation and the p53 pathway in T1 urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Jahnson Staffan , Söderkvist Peter , Aljabery Firas , Olsson Hans 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo study the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutation and the p53 pathway in T1 urinary bladder cancer (UBC).Materials and MethodsThis prospectively performed population‐based study included all patients in the Southeast Healthcare Region in Sweden with T1 UBC registered in the period 1992–2001, inclusive. Given that p53 and TERT are important factors for tumour proliferation, although their interrelationships are unknown, we assessed both the TERT and the p53 mutations. Furthermore, we conducted a p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis using two thresholds for p53 positivity: 10% of tumour cells and 50% of tumour cells (p53 IHC50%). Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to study time to tumour progression.ResultsOut of 158 patients, we observed the TERT mutation in 74 (47%), the p53 mutation in 48 (30%), and p53 IHC50% positivity in 72 patients (46%). The TERT mutation was more common in p53 mutation‐positive patients (P = 0.009), and the latter group also had more patients with p53 IHC50%‐positive tumour cells (P = 0.02). In the TERT mutation‐negative tumours a p53‐positive mutation was associated with a shorter time to progression (P = 0.03) compared to patients with p53‐negative mutation. In contrast, in tumours with both TERT mutation positivity and p53 mutation positivity, a longer time to progression was observed in the group with p53 IHC50% positivity compared to the group with p53 IHC50%‐negative tumours.ConclusionsIn stage T1 UBC, the combination of the TERT mutation and the p53 mutation was associated with tumour progression. A protective effect of the TERT promotor mutation against tumour progression induced by the p53 mutation and subsequent p53 accumulation in tumour cells might be possible, but further investigations are necessary.
Comparison of the soft and hard peri‐implant tissue dimensional changes around single immediate implants in the esthetic zone with socket shield technique versus using xenograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Atef Mohamed , El Barbary Ahmed , Dahrous Mona Salah El‐D , Zahran Amr Fouad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveCompare the dimensional changes of the peri‐implant soft and hard tissues clinically and radiographically around single immediate implants in the esthetic zone with socket shield technique versus filling the buccal gap with xenograft.Materials and methodsForty‐two patients with a single non‐restorable tooth in the esthetic zone replaced with an immediate implant were randomly assigned either to the socket shield technique (test) or to grafting the buccal gap with xenograft (control). The vertical and horizontal buccal bone resorption were measured 6‐months following implant placement. The esthetic outcomes were evaluated by assessing the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and the amount of midfacial mucosal alteration, in addition to patient satisfaction assessment through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) based questionnaire 1‐year following implant restoration.ResultsThe present study showed that the socket shield group yielded significantly less vertical and horizontal buccal bone resorption of 0.35 (±0.62) mm and 0.29 (±0.34) mm compared to 1.71 (±1.02) mm and 1.45 (±0.72) mm in the xenograft group respectively. Also, there was a significantly greater midfacial mucosal recession in the xenograft group of 0.466 (±0.58) mm compared to midfacial mucosal coronal migration of 0.45 (±0.75) mm in the socket shield group. However, there was no statistically significant difference regarding the total PES and patient satisfaction in both treatment groups.ConclusionThe socket shield technique can preserve hard and soft peri‐implant tissues following immediate implant placement. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03684356).
Current preoperative strategies applied in the Dutch bariatric centers: A national survey
Authors: Kolen Aniek M. , Romeijn Marleen M. , Holthuijsen Daniëlle D. B. , Janssen Loes , Greve Jan Willem M. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , van Dielen François M. H. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThere is no consensus about the optimal management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This study aimed to identify current weight loss goals prior to bariatric surgery, as well as aimed to explore preoperative strategies related to diet, nutritional supplements and physical activity. An online survey was distributed among bariatric surgeons and dietitians in all 18 Dutch bariatric centers. This survey included the following four domains: weight loss, diet, nutritional supplements and physical activity. For the analyses one answer per center was used, either the most common answer or the answer given by the most expert responder. All 18 centers reported at least one response. Preoperative weight loss was requested in 28% of the centers, whereas 61% desired a stable weight or weight loss, and 11% had no requests. A preoperative diet was routinely recommended in 78% of the centers and on indication (ie, depending on baseline weight and/or comorbidity status) in 22%. The most frequently prescribed diet was a low‐energy diet (800‐1500 kcal/day) in 44% of the centers. Nutritional supplements were recommended in 78% of the centers. Physical activity with low intensity was recommended in 83% of the centers, while physical exercise training with mid‐ to high‐intensity was recommended in 72%. Inconsistent responses within centers were observed in 56% of the questions. The current bariatric practice within the Netherlands shows high variability and inconsistencies in preoperative management. Consensus‐building and standardization of strategies should be promoted in the future.
Neurological effects of long‐term diet on obese and overweight individuals: An electroencephalogram and event‐related potential study
Authors: Ammar Ali Muhammad , Özöğür‐Akyüz Süreyya , Duru Adil Deniz , Caliskan Melisa , Demir Ceylan , Bostancı Tuğba , Elsallak Farouk , Shkokani Mohammad , Dokur Zümray , Ölmez Tamer , Ergün Can , Bebek Nerses , Yilmaz Gizem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rise of overweight and obesity across all age groups can be considered as an epidemic. A high body mass index not only has effects on longevity and quality of life of people who suffer from it but also has cognitive and neurological consequences. Executive function (EF)—or the neural regions that support it might act as causes of obesity. The aim of this study is to compare the differences between healthy and obese/overweight individuals and to understand how a prolonged diet of 2 months can affect EF event‐related potential (ERP) components. Among the ERP metrics, N1, N2, and P3 are measured. Subjects underwent a diet program and their electroencephalogram was recorded every 4–6 weeks using a Stroop paradigm experiment. As the diet progressed, it was observed that perhaps more neural networks and executive control are engaged as the diet begins to take effect. Attention to nonfood increases and more control is exhibited when participants are presented with food images and food word stimuli. Increase in the N2 and P3 components highlight how the diet affects the brain during various stages of diet plans.
Using a randomized controlled trial to develop conservation strategies on rented farmlands
Authors: Weigel Collin , Harden Seth , Masuda Yuta J. , Ranjan Pranay , Wardropper Chloe B. , Ferraro Paul J. , Prokopy Linda , Reddy Sheila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAddressing the environmental impacts of large‐scale agriculture requires innovative approaches to conservation program design and evaluation. We used a randomized controlled trial and a sample of 2225 landowners in the Mississippi River Basin to test a new conservation program that targets a growing but overlooked population—nonoperating landowners (NOLs). To spur adoption of conservation practices on farmland rented out by NOLs, the program provided NOLs with ready‐to‐use lease language and a financial incentive. The program's design was informed by field work, the behavioral science literature, and the social science literature on barriers to conservation on farmland. We cannot detect an effect on conservation practices from the lease language or the incentive. The take‐up rate for the incentive was one‐tenth the expected rate based on NOL responses to a hypothetical offer in a survey. The results underscore the importance of assessing program performance by rigorously testing programs in real conservation settings.
COVID‐19 in heart transplant patients: Case reports from Brazil
Authors: Miranda Soriano Rafaela Vale de , Rossi Neto Joao Manoel , Finger Marco Aurelio , Santos Carolina Casadei dos , Lin‐Wang Hui Tzu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic continues, with a late hyperinflammatory phase. The immunosuppressive therapy used in heart transplant patients, in theory, could reduce inflammation, thus benefitting patients with COVID‐19. So far, however, there is still very little literature on this subject.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study. We described laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes from 11 heart transplant patients with COVID‐19 assisted at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology between March and July 2020.ResultsPatients with ages of between 35 and 79 years were enrolled, and heart transplantation ranged from 3 to 264 months. The main comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (9/11; 81.8%), hypertension (10/11; 90.9%), and chronic renal disease (6/11; 54.5%). Cyclosporine A was used in 10 (90.9%) patients, mycophenolate mofetil in 9 (81.8%) patients, and mTOR inhibitor in 5 (45.5%) patients. Fever and cough were observed in 8 (72.7%) patients, and dyspnea and gastrointestinal symptoms in 5 (45.5%) patients. Lymphopenia was observed in 10 (90.9%) patients and thrombocytopenia in 5 (45.5%) patients. The higher level of troponin associated with chest tomography above 50% of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with ground‐glass opacity (GGO) was observed in those with the worst outcomes. Nine patients needed intensive care, and hospital stay ranged from 4 to 21 days, with 2 (18.2%) patients requiring vasopressor drugs and mechanical ventilation, and three (27.3%) patients dying due to COVID‐19 complications.ConclusionHeart transplant patients had similar symptoms and outcomes as the general population; immunosuppressive therapy seems not to have protected them. Patients who presented higher levels of troponin and D‐dimer, associated with greater GGO pulmonary infiltrates, had worse outcomes. More studies with larger cohorts may clarify immunosuppressive effects on COVID‐19 outcomes.
On Winegrowers and More‐than‐Human Workers in Ohioan and Alsatian Vineyards
Authors: Arceño Mark Anthony 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstandings of the terroir concept range from recognizing “the environment” as being largely responsible for affecting the taste of a place‐based product like wine to considering the intervening role of social actors in its production. This article takes the perspective that non‐human life forms, as well as non‐living entities, are more than just ecologically embedded observers. They also have active roles in the terroir system itself. Here, I use multispecies framings and multisensory approaches to analyze data gathered from interviews and participant observation with winegrowers in central Ohio and eastern France over a period of 18 months. I contend that non‐human actants contribute various forms of labor throughout the terroir system, as understood through semiotic relationships with human counterparts. Attending to more‐than‐human workers is important for understanding changes to the “taste of place” in times of climatic, political, and socio‐cultural change.
Measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Classification System‐Expanded & Revised, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System in cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Piscitelli Daniele , Ferrarello Francesco , Ugolini Alessandro , Verola Sofia , Pellicciari Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

AimTo systematically review and meta‐analyse the measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Gross Motor Function Classification System‐Expanded & Revised (GMFCS‐E&R), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSix databases were searched. Articles on the measurement properties of the GMFCS, GMFCS‐E&R, MACS, and CFCS administered to children with CP were included. Quality was assessed by means of the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. The level and grading of evidence were defined for each measurement property.ResultsForty‐four articles were included in the systematic review and 37 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. The level (grading) of evidence was strong (positive) for reliability and construct validity. Content validity displayed an unknown level of evidence for the GMFCS, limited evidence (positive) for the MACS, and moderate evidence (positive) for the CFCS. There was moderate (positive) evidence for measurement error in the GMFCS and MACS. The level of evidence for responsiveness was unknown. No studies investigated cross‐cultural validity.InterpretationThese instruments can be used by health care professionals and caregivers to quantify the constructs needed to measure ability in children with CP. Current high‐quality evidence supports the use of these tools to classify ability in children with CP. Adopting the COSMIN guidelines, content, and cross‐cultural validity should be investigated further.
What this paper adds

Strong evidence supports the reliability and construct validity of the GMFCS, GMFCS‐E&R, MACS, and CFCS as functional classification systems in children with cerebral palsy.

The GMFCS, GMFCS‐E&R, MACS, and CFCS can be used by both health care professionals and caregivers.

The GMFCS, GMFCS‐E&R, MACS, and CFCS should not be used to detect change.
Diverticulum of mitral valve
Authors: Li Qiufang , Xie Xiaojun , Yang Qi , Huang Xueying , Yu Fengxu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiverticulum arising from the heart is an uncommon finding. They are incidentally detected by echocardiography as masses arising from the cardiac valves. We present a case of an incidental finding of a diverticulum arising from the mitral valve. This was initially detected by Transthoracic echocardiography and later confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography and pathologic appearance.
Setting and Validating Multiple Standards on a Multistage‐Adaptive Test
Authors: Lewis Jennifer , Lim Hwanggyu , Padellaro Frank , Sireci Stephen G. , Zenisky April L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSetting cut scores on multistage‐adaptive tests (MSTs) is difficult, particularly when the test spans several grade levels, and the selection of items from MST panels must reflect the operational test specifications. In this study, we describe, illustrate, and evaluate three methods for mapping panelists’ Angoff ratings into cut scores on the scale underlying an MST. The results suggest the test characteristic function and item characteristic curve methods performed similarly, but the method based on dichotomizing panelists’ ratings at a response probability of .67 was unacceptable. The study featured a rating booklet design that allowed us to systematically evaluate the validity of the Angoff ratings across test levels, which contributed internal validity evidence for the cut scores, which were also evaluated using procedural and external validity evidence. The implications of the results for future standard setting studies and research in this area are discussed.
The influence of flood frequency and duration on microcrustacean egg bank composition in dryland river floodplain sediments
Authors: Chaki Nipa , Reid Michael , Nielsen Daryl L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Several studies of temporary floodplain wetlands suggest that flood history is important to microcrustacean egg bank composition and hatching responses. However, these studies have largely focussed on contrasts among less frequently flooded areas (areas flooded every year to areas flooded once every 10–20 years) and less is known about variation at the more frequently flooded end of the gradient (from multiple floods per year to once every 2 years). Similarly, the effects of flood duration on egg banks have not been examined in detail. Thus, this study examines spatial variation in microcrustacean hatching at higher flood frequencies and in relation to inundation duration.

Surface sediment samples were collected from dry anabranches of the Macintyre River floodplain in Australia during February 2018, with a range of flood frequency from approximately four times per year to one in 2 years. Anabranches were selected randomly from predefined flood frequency classes and clustered into three different flood history groups based on flood history variables. Soil samples were collected from deep and shallow locations within anabranches, with depth assumed to be a proxy for the duration of inundation. Sediment samples were inundated in mesocosms and hatched microcrustaceans sampled over 6 weeks.

Microcrustacean abundance and assemblage composition varied by sites, relative depth, and duration of inundation. There was no variation by flood history groups. Highest numbers hatched from the deeper areas of anabranches, which is assumed to reflect differences in the egg banks of deep and shallow areas due to the longer duration of inundation in deeper areas. Duration also influenced hatching response from the egg bank, with more microcrustaceans hatching per unit time in the first 2 and final 2 weeks of the 6‐week trial than the middle 2 weeks. Species richness also varied by relative depth and duration of inundation with more taxa hatching from the deeper areas of anabranches.

The study highlights the critical influence of flood duration on hatching patterns of microcrustaceans from inundated sediments. Therefore, changes to flood duration have the potential to influence microcrustacean assemblages and thus further changes to trophic interactions in temporary floodplain wetlands.

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Bioenergy for climate change mitigation: Scale and sustainability
Authors: Calvin Katherine , Cowie Annette , Berndes Göran , Arneth Almut , Cherubini Francesco , Portugal‐Pereira Joana , Grassi Giacomo , House Jo , Johnson Francis X. , Popp Alexander , Rounsevell Mark , Slade Raphael , Smith Pete 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany global climate change mitigation pathways presented in IPCC assessment reports rely heavily on the deployment of bioenergy, often used in conjunction with carbon capture and storage. We review the literature on bioenergy use for climate change mitigation, including studies that use top‐down integrated assessment models or bottom‐up modelling, and studies that do not rely on modelling. We summarize the state of knowledge concerning potential co‐benefits and adverse side effects of bioenergy systems and discuss limitations of modelling studies used to analyse consequences of bioenergy expansion. The implications of bioenergy supply on mitigation and other sustainability criteria are context dependent and influenced by feedstock, management regime, climatic region, scale of deployment and how bioenergy alters energy systems and land use. Depending on previous land use, widespread deployment of monoculture plantations may contribute to mitigation but can cause negative impacts across a range of other sustainability criteria. Strategic integration of new biomass supply systems into existing agriculture and forest landscapes may result in less mitigation but can contribute positively to other sustainability objectives. There is considerable variation in evaluations of how sustainability challenges evolve as the scale of bioenergy deployment increases, due to limitations of existing models, and uncertainty over the future context with respect to the many variables that influence alternative uses of biomass and land. Integrative policies, coordinated institutions and improved governance mechanisms to enhance co‐benefits and minimize adverse side effects can reduce the risks of large‐scale deployment of bioenergy. Further, conservation and efficiency measures for energy, land and biomass can support greater flexibility in achieving climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Intensive monitoring for bees in North America: indispensable or improvident?
Authors: Tepedino Vincent J. , Portman Zachary M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContinued reports of bee declines have prompted repeated calls for a national monitoring programme in the United States. Here, we argue that such a large‐scale surveillance monitoring programme would consume inordinate resources without providing the sought‐after data in a meaningful time period.Surveillance monitoring cannot provide reliable and timely measures of absolute or relative population size, species richness or diversity, host plant and nest site preferences or typical foraging ranges. In addition, the multitude of specimens captured by the passive traps commonly used to surveil overwhelm our identification capacity and, in some cases, may even accelerate species decline.Conversely, surveillance monitoring should be pursued when data can be collected non‐lethally for readily identifiable species or species groups (e.g., bumble bees) or when widely distributed sentinel plants can be observed (e.g., sunflowers). Lethal collections should continue at appropriate temporal intervals but only at a limited number of representative areas with accurate historic records.We advocate that emphasis be placed on a targeted, natural‐history approach aimed at addressing specific hypotheses and exploring solutions to conservation management problems. We already know enough about the drivers of bee decline to formulate and test potential solutions. While additional information is of value in understanding bee diversity, distributions and evolution, we do not need it to begin to take action; we should be focusing on the best ways to help bee species endure rather than attempting to accumulate even more evidence that they are in trouble.
ESTIMATING BORDER EFFECTS: THE IMPACT OF SPATIAL AGGREGATION
Authors: Coughlin Cletus C. , Novy Dennis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrade data are typically aggregated across space. In this article, we investigate the sensitivity of gravity estimation to spatial aggregation. We build a model in which micro regions are aggregated into macro regions. We then apply the model to the large literature on border effects in domestic and international trade. Our theory shows that aggregation leads to border effect heterogeneity. Larger regions and countries are systematically associated with smaller border effects. We test our theory with aggregate and industry‐level trade flows for U.S. states. Our results confirm the model's predictions, with strong heterogeneity patterns.