bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of thyroid hormone in male Layer chickens given by testosterone
Authors: Yuneldi R F , Airin C M , Saragih H T S S G , Astuti P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the administration of Testosterone toward growth, levels of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) in male Layer chicken. Forty male Layer chickens strain Isa Brown was used in this study. Chickens were divided into 2 groups, control and treatment groups (given commercial testosterone) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight/day for 5 weeks. The results showed the growth of chickens treated by Testosterone increased significantly from week 1 to week 5 with a range between 59.43 ± 0.76 grams to 332.50 ± 0.79 grams, (P < 0.05). However, due to treatment differences, the results obtained that the administration of Testosterone cannot accelerate the growth of male Layer chickens (P > 0.05). Even in the week 3 and week 4, the growth rate is lower than the control. The levels reduction of T3 start from 4.91 ± 0.98 ng/mL to 1.38 ± 0.09 ng/mL, while T4 levels start from 1.01 ± 0.85 ug/mL to 0.84 ± 0.21 ug/mL. It could be concluded that the administration of testosterone can reduce T3 and T4 levels but cannot accelerate the growth rate of male Layer chickens.
Remote sensing for coral reef and seagrass cover mapping to support coastal management of small islands
Authors: Lazuardi W , Wicaksono P , Marfai M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Coral reefs and seagrass are critical coastal resources due to their role in the ecosystem benefits for the coastal environment in terms of biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries, and tourism. It is therefore important to preserve and protect these species. Coral and seagrass percent cover mapping is a simple approach to assess coral and seagrass condition. The application of remote sensing of coral and seagrass percent cover mapping is very challenging with respect to performance and accuracy. This research aims to utilize remote sensing data for coral and seagrass percent cover mapping. Linear and machine learning regressions (RF and SVM) were used to develop a coral and seagrass percent cover model from a Sentinel-2 MSI images. The Sentinel-2 MSI images were transformed into deglint, water column (DII), principal component, and mean texture analysis as input bands for the model. The results showed that coral percent cover mapping accuracy is relatively low (RMSE = ±17%) due to various problems, limitations, and an inaccurate model, whereas the results of the seagrass percent cover map had higher accuracy, with RMSE ±11%. The results obtained indicate that the seagrass percent cover map is suitable for use as basic information to support coastal management. However, the coral percent cover map is not an optimal information source due to its low accuracy.
Bathymetry mapping using PlanetScope imagery on Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari S A , Wicaksono P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bathymetrical information plays an important role in the management of coastal resources such as fisheries and shipping lanes, and is basic information of coastal resources besides benthic habitat. The extraction of satellite data for bathymetry mapping or SDB (Satellite-Derived Bathymetry) has emerged as an effective method to obtain information in terms of cost and time. Kemujan Island is an island with unique geomorphology and thus selected as a study area for bathymetry mapping. The method applied single band and band ratio methods on PlanetScope imagery. PlanetScope was chosen because it has high spatial and temporal resolution. The image used was acquired on June 30, 2017. The results show that linear regression is more representative than SVR-based modeling, with the best single band modeling from the (ln) Green band and the best band ratio modeling from the ratio transformation of Blue (ln)/(ln) Green. Single band had higher correlation and accuracy than band ratio (0.89 and 0.66, respectively) and RMSE value of 0.78 and 0.96, respectively. However, based on bathymetry profiling, the results of band ratio modeling are more appropriate as the single band method cannot afford to minimize the effect of various bottom types.
Relationship the physical quality of residential environment with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in toddlers at West Semarang sub-district in 2019 using high resolution remote sensing image
Authors: Dewi N A , Widayani P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ARI is an acute infectious disease that attacks one or more parts of the airways from the nose to the alveoli. Toddlers who tend to be static, reflecting the physical quality of the environment in which they live. This study aims to: (1) map the physical quality of the residential environment from high-resolution remote sensing images; and (2) knowing relationship between the physical quality of residential environment and ARI cases in toddlers. The method used to map the physical quality of residential environment is the Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) and Pearson Correlation method used to determine the relation between the physical quality of residential environment and ARI cases. The results of the image interpretation accuracy test are 90.96%, which indicates that remote sensing images can be used to extract data on the physical quality of residential environments that have an effect on ARI disease. Pearson correlation test result is 0.454 which indicates a moderate relationship. Analysis of the distribution pattern of ARI in toddlers with Nearest Neighbor Analysis resulted in a ratio value of 0.48; the z-score value is -22.6 and the p-value is 0.0, which means that the pattern of ARI in toddlers in West Semarang is clustered.
Calculating quantities of ice gel for cooling of fresh-cut melon in temporary storage box during distribution
Authors: Wardhani N S K , Sabarisman I , Anoraga S B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Temperature reduction can be done by adding a cooling media, one of which is ice gel. The use of ice gel as a cooling medium should take notice of the load heat during distribution because the load of heat that is removed by ice gel is limited. The calculation of the required heat load that needed to be removed to determine the amount of ice gel required during distribution. The calculations include the heat load of the storage box, the heat load of the fruit, and the heat load of the fruit respiration. The temporary storage box is made of thermotec heat shield material and has 3 shelves. This study uses fresh-cut melon as a sample of stored fruit. The result of calculating the ice gel needed in the distribution and storage for the top shelf and middle shelf respectively as many as 3 ice gel and the bottom shelf is 2 of ice gel 0.496 grams to storage 22 fresh-cut melon-sized 60 grams.
Spatial distribution of agriculture commodity in Cilacap Regency
Authors: Rifani A , Nugroho A D , Winaryo  , Tyas D W , Masduqi E , Topo A H , Hidayanti R , Masithah R A , Romadhon R D , Sulissetiyo T , Reniningsih  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The agricultural commodities in Cilacap Regency has potential to meet the local needs. This research is intended to describe the type, quantity and location of commodity in Cilacap Regency. The analysis models used in this research are GIS, LQ, and study literature. The study showed that Cilacap Regency has excellent potential in food crops, horticulture, plantation, and animal husbandry commodities. Food crops commodities include rice, corn and soybeans. Horticultural commodities include orange, mangosteen, papaya, banana, and chili. Plantation commodities include rubber, coconut, nutmeg, cloves, and coffee. Animal husbandry commodities include cow, goat, duck, broiler, and chicken. Agropolitan commodities are spread in several sub-districts in Cilacap Regency with a variety of biodiversity in adequate land area. The distribution of locations are Dayeuhluhur, Cimanggu, Majenang, Wanareja, Karangpucung, Gandrumangu and Cipari Districts.
Automatic water level monitoring system based on computer vision technology for supporting the irrigation modernization
Authors: Kuswidiyanto L W , Nugroho A P , Jati A W , Wismoyo G W , Murtiningrum  , Arif S S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Measurement of water level in the irrigation channel is required to calculate the irrigation discharge so that crops can be irrigated precisely. Large irrigation areas require a real-time and accurate monitoring system that cuts operational costs. In a previous study, ultrasonic technology has already been developed and implemented. However, during the actual operation, visual verification is needed. To address the problem, an automatic water level monitoring system based on visual appearance using computer vision technology is developed. The image-based system works by automatically capturing canal gauge, identifying canal gauge in an image using colour detection method, measuring the length of the pixel of canal gauge, and convert it to an actual water level. As a result of the performance test, five photos were taken in 24 hours. One image was accurately measured by the microcomputer. This is because the intensity of sunlight affects the colour of the canal gauge so that the microcomputer incorrectly or inaccurately identifies the canal gauge length. A pre-calibration is needed to find a specific colour range for specific light intensity. Also a robust, less colour sensitive such as night vision imagery needs to be developed to overcome luminescence problems.
A study on physicochemical parameters of fish pond effluents: A case study of Umudibia fish farm
Authors: Ibearugbulam H O , Ugwu E I , Ekeleme A C , Njoku C E , Amanamba E C , Ezebuiro V , Ibe O P , Igwegbe EW 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of fish pond effluents. Four (4) effluent samples were collected at two-day intervals from a fish pond located at Umudiba Nekede, Owerri, and analyzed to ascertain their characteristics. The physiochemical parameters assessed are the temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, turbidity, ammonia, total hardness, alkalinity, pH, and electrical conductivity. The result revealed the following ranges for the physicochemical characteristics: temperature (23.0 to 25.9°C), pH (6.24 to 3.1), total alkalinity (43.1 to 50.4mg/l), total dissolved solid (27.9 to 95.2 mg/l), total hardness (19.7 to 21.5mg/l), turbidity (12 to 170 NTU), and electrical conductivity (137.6 to 144.3 μmhos/cm). The result of the study indicated that the effluents from the fish pond could constitute a threat to the ecology of the aquatic water bodies if not properly treated before discharge.
Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Omu-Aran, Nigeria
Authors: Elemile O O , Ibitogbe E M , Adewumi J R , Folorunso O P , Osueke C O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pollution of groundwater by bathroom, laundry and kitchen effluent has been documented to have non-desirable health and environmental effects. There is little information about the quality of groundwater and associated health effects in Omu-Aran. The present research therefore meets the need to investigate the levels of heavy metals, the pollution effects, and the long term human health risk effect on local inhabitants in Omu-Aran. Thirty water samples were collected from five hand dug wells (HWs) in different parts of Omu-Aran spanning a period of three months and the heavy metal parameters were determined using standard protocol. The non-carcinogenic risk was evaluated using hazard index (HI) according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk assessment method. Data analysis were carried out by the use of descriptive statistics. From the result, mean values and SD of heavy metals in the water samples obtained from selected HWs ranged from 0.16 ± 0.13 to 0.29 ± 0.18 mg/L, 0.29 ± 0.02 to 1.36 ± 0.07 mg/L, 0.00 ± 0.00 to 0.72 ± 0.04 mg/L, 0.00 ± 0.00 to 0.51 ± 0.09 mg/L, 0.01 ± 0.01 to 5.26 ± 0.07 mg/L, and from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 12.96 ± 2.82 mg/L for Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Zn respectively. The heavy metals were all above the WHO limits except Pb and Fe. The hazard index values ranged from 1.406 to 10.075 indicating significant non-carcinogenic risk. The findings of the study, has shown that there is considerable amount of heavy metal pollution which stems from anthropogenic sources. There was no observable risk via dermal pathways based on hazard quotient values while non-carcinogenic risk via ingestion was observed for all the locations. There is therefore a need to bring awareness to the community for the purpose of ensuring safety of its active water sources.
Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera and Blends of Both Alum and Moringa as Coagulant in the Treatment of Dairy Wastewater
Authors: Elemile O O , Eze N E , Ogedengbe K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Food processing industries can cause some serious problems for the environment through the discharge of wastewater. There is little information on the effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera (MO)seeds on the treatment of dairy wastewater, this study therefore evaluated the effectiveness of MO seeds and blends of both alum and MO in the coagulation of diary wastewater. Wastewater collected from oriental food industry limited was kept in a 10L capacity plastic container covered using a black polyethene bag containing ice blocks and conveyed to the laboratory where it was kept in a refrigerator. Six different beakers (Nos 0-5) were filled with 200 mL of wastewater and different doses of the selected coagulant (alum, MO and a blend of both) was added to the six beakers ranging from 0-10mL at an increment of 2mL to treat the wastewater. The beaker with number 0 served as the control (no dosage) and this whole process was applied to both coagulants. This test was carried out at a settling time of 1 hour. The physicochemical characteristics of the treated dairy wastewater were determined using the standard methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The analysis indicated that the raw wastewater had values of 932 NTU, 1690.99 mg/L, 7.2 and 685 mg/L for turbidity, BOD, pH and TSS respectively. The results revealed that at an optimum dosage and settling time of 10mL and 1hr respectively, the TSS removal efficiencies of 88.76, 82.63 and 86.42 % were obtained for blend of moringa and alum, alum and moringa respectively. The three types of coagulants did not have much effects on the BOD and there were no significant differences in the values. The use of the blend of moringa and alum is effective in the treatment of dairy wastewater.
Water Quality of Selected Sachet Water Brands Sold in Sango-Ota, Nigeria
Authors: Ayegbo K S , Ogundipe K E , Olimaro G , Ajimalofin A D , Akinwumi I I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clean and safe water drinking is essential for the attainment of the United Nations sustainable development goals. The study assessed the physical and chemical parameters of ten (10) brands of sachet water sold at Sango-Ota in Ogun State, Nigeria. The physical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), power of hydrogen (pH) and turbidity) and chemical parameters ((calcium (Ca), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and chloride (Cl)) of the sachet water samples were determined. The physical parameter tests were analysed using Hanna Instruments (Model HI 98130). The compliance of the physico-chemical parameters of the samples with the drinking water standard requirements of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigeria Standard Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) was analysed. The pH values of the samples were within the range 6.5-8.5, in conformity with the WHO and NSDWQ standard for drinking water. The electrical conductivity ranged from 0.02 - 0.06 µS/cm, falling within the permissible limit (1000 µS/cm) of WHO standard. The TDS of 0.01 - 0.03 mg/l were within the recommended permissible limit (1000mg/l) recommended by WHO. Similarly, the TDS, TSS and Turbidity were within the recommended permissible limits of the WHO. For the chemical parameters, the concentrations of K, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe and Cl in the sachet water samples were within the WHO permissible limits of drinking water. However, some brands had their Ca concentrations above the WHO drinking water permissible limit. Generally, all the brands of sachet water samples studied were considered safe for drinking.
Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater Contamination from an Open dumpsite: Labete Dumpsite as a Case study
Authors: Olaoye R A , Afolayan O D , Adewale R , Ogundairo T O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The assessment of leachate impact on groundwater is very crucial to human health and its environment. This research work aimed at assessing Labete dumpsite and its effects on groundwater integrity in the vicinity of the dumpsite. Soil samples were collected for leachate analysis at a depth of 0.5m from the earth’s surface within the proximity of the dumpsite. Four different groundwater samples (GW1-GW4) were collected at radial distances from the dumpsite. Collected water samples were analyzed to examine their Cr, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu ions content. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis were also considered and measured against NSDWQ and WHO standards for drinking water. The results showed that the level of groundwater contamination is directly proportional to the depth of the water table (collection) and the distance of the dumpsite from the shallow wells. GW1 and GW2 groundwater samples were not fit for consumption unless adequately treated.
Effect of varying concentrations on the yield of activated carbon produced from African star apple
Authors: Abatan G , Busari A , Odunlami O , Alao G , Oni B A , Ayoola A , Abraham D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon has been developed using different techniques and activating agents. The activation of carbon is done using different chemical, physical, and bio activating agents. This activating agent gives various outcomes of the activated carbon depending on the structure of the cursor used. The increase in population has also brought about a significant increase in waste generated. In this work, we were able to produce activated carbon from African star apple seed using the seed, husk, and shell. This work was carried out using a furnace at 500 C. The carbon produced was then activated using different concentrations of Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which are 0.2M, 0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M and 1.0 M. Whole seed which was impregnated with 0.2 M gave the highest yield of 87.192%. The amount of activating agent used did not determine the yield.
Evaluation of Solid Waste Storage and Disposal Practices in Nsukka, Enugu State
Authors: Nnaji C C , Afangideh B C , Udokpoh U U , Nnam J P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Poor waste management has remained a nagging environmental issue for many developing countries. This paper examined the mode of solid waste storage and disposal in Nsukka, with the aim of providing and synthesizing data needed for waste management planning and policy making. A total of three hundred (300) well-structured questionnaires were administered to households cutting across ten communities to generate quantitative data on demographics as well as waste storage and disposal practices. The qualitative methods such as oral interviews, observation surveys, and secondary data were also employed. An initial environmental quality assessment of the selected households showed that 58.5% of houses surveyed were littered with waste and 71% had bushy surrounding. The study reveals that the distribution of waste storage container sizes are: 0 – 5 L (4%), 6 – 10 L (43%), 11 – 20 L (51%) and > 21 L (2%). It was also observed that the prevalent types of waste storage containers in Nsukka are: plastic bins (49%), polythene bags (15%) and cartons (10%) with volume ranging from 0.1 to 0.625m3. The remaining twenty-six (26%) was distributed among other unconventional waste storage types. Eighty-eight percent (88%) of the residents in the study area can access waste dumps within a radius of 1 km or five minutes walking distance. The waste storage containers in the study area were of varying types and capacities which makes waste management more tasking. Indiscriminate solid waste disposal is necessitated by perceived non proximity of waste dumps to residents. Door to door services should be provided to residents by integrating private sector into waste management. Material such as aluminum should be used in manufacturing of waste containers because of it lightweight and durability.
Integration of Magnetic Data and Geo-Spatial Analysis for Characterising Aquiferious Yields in New Estate, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State
Authors: Omeje M , Adewoyin O O , Joel E S , Emenike P C , Omeje U A , Johnson M O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the possible causes of abortive boreholes along the New Estate in Covenant University. The conceptual model predicted the two groundwater characteristics of weathered and the unweathered zones. The V-shape curve revealed two groundwater anomalies with high and low curves. The peak anomaly indicates the higher resistivity, presumed to be the geological structures of unsaturated features in the area. The sink V-shape curve indicate an anomaly with groundwater features, presenting low resistivity values attributed to be water bearing formation that will be viable for groundwater potential. The Iso-resistivity contour map identified possible groundwater features. The first Iso-resistivity column is a region of aquitard with a semipervious in nature that could transmit water in a slower rate. The second groundwater feature in column 2 is a perch aquifer that could enhance the main aquifer due to interconnectivity and pore pressure of downward-upward migration in confined hydrogeological aquifer setting. Column 3 depicts a complete impermeable feature of aquifuge or aquiclude of subsurface structure with rich in clay sediments or stratum of sediments found at the depth range of 30 m to 270 m. The forth groundwater column indicates a promising water bearing formation, probably sandy in nature with a depth range of 210 to 300 m and thickness of about 90 m. The spatial analysis identified the two locations along the survey areas to be suitable for productive boreholes as well as the trending of the groundwater in the area to be Northwestern Southeast direction. Consequently, the model could be a guide to organize site data, understand site processes and screen for applicability of drilling. These multiple methods of geophysical, spatial analysis and conceptual model could be used a tool for mapping hydrocarbon bearing formation.