bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flat embedding method for transmission electron microscopy reveals an unknown mechanism of tetracycline
Authors: Wenzel Michaela , Dekker Marien P. , Wang Biwen , Burggraaf Maroeska J. , Bitter Wilbert , van Weering Jan R. T. , Hamoen Leendert W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy of cell sample sections is a popular technique in microbiology. Currently, ultrathin sectioning is done on resin-embedded cell pellets, which consumes milli- to deciliters of culture and results in sections of randomly orientated cells. This is problematic for rod-shaped bacteria and often precludes large-scale quantification of morphological phenotypes due to the lack of sufficient numbers of longitudinally cut cells. Here we report a flat embedding method that enables observation of thousands of longitudinally cut cells per single section and only requires microliter culture volumes. We successfully applied this technique to Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium bovis, and Acholeplasma laidlawii. To assess the potential of the technique to quantify morphological phenotypes, we monitored antibiotic-induced changes in B. subtilis cells. Surprisingly, we found that the ribosome inhibitor tetracycline causes membrane deformations. Further investigations showed that tetracycline disturbs membrane organization and localization of the peripheral membrane proteins MinD, MinC, and MreB. These observations are not the result of ribosome inhibition but constitute a secondary antibacterial activity of tetracycline that so far has defied discovery.
The Fennoscandian Shield deep terrestrial virosphere suggests slow motion ‘boom and burst’ cycles
Authors: Holmfeldt Karin , Nilsson Emelie , Simone Domenico , Lopez-Fernandez Margarita , Wu Xiaofen , de Bruijn Ino , Lundin Daniel , Andersson Anders F. , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe deep biosphere contains members from all three domains of life along with viruses. Here we investigate the deep terrestrial virosphere by sequencing community nucleic acids from three groundwaters of contrasting chemistries, origins, and ages. These viromes constitute a highly unique community compared to other environmental viromes and sequenced viral isolates. Viral host prediction suggests that many of the viruses are associated with Firmicutes and Patescibacteria, a superphylum lacking previously described active viruses. RNA transcript-based activity implies viral predation in the shallower marine water-fed groundwater, while the deeper and more oligotrophic waters appear to be in ‘metabolic standby’. Viral encoded antibiotic production and resistance systems suggest competition and antagonistic interactions. The data demonstrate a viral community with a wide range of predicted hosts that mediates nutrient recycling to support a higher microbial turnover than previously anticipated. This suggests the presence of ‘kill-the-winner’ oscillations creating slow motion ‘boom and burst’ cycles.
Forward dynamic simulation of Japanese macaque bipedal locomotion demonstrates better energetic economy in a virtualised plantigrade posture
Authors: Oku Hideki , Ide Naohiko , Ogihara Naomichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA plantigrade foot with a large robust calcaneus is regarded as a distinctive morphological feature of the human foot; it is presumably the result of adaptation for habitual bipedal locomotion. The foot of the Japanese macaque, on the other hand, does not have such a feature, which hampers it from making foot–ground contact at the heel during bipedal locomotion. Understanding how this morphological difference functionally affects the generation of bipedal locomotion is crucial for elucidating the evolution of human bipedalism. In this study, we constructed a forward dynamic simulation of bipedal locomotion in the Japanese macaque based on a neuromusculoskeletal model to evaluate how virtual manipulation of the foot structure from digitigrade to plantigrade affects the kinematics, dynamics, and energetics of bipedal locomotion in a nonhuman primate whose musculoskeletal anatomy is not adapted to bipedalism. The normal bipedal locomotion generated was in good agreement with that of actual Japanese macaques. If, as in human walking, the foot morphology was altered to allow heel contact, the vertical ground reaction force profile became double-peaked and the cost of transport decreased. These results suggest that evolutionary changes in the foot structure were important for the acquisition of human-like efficient bipedal locomotion.
Overcoming barriers to the registration of new plant varieties under the DUS system
Authors: Yang Chin Jian , Russell Joanne , Ramsay Luke , Thomas William , Powell Wayne , Mackay Ian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) is an intellectual property system introduced in 1961 by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) for safeguarding the investment and rewarding innovation in developing new plant varieties. Despite the rapid advancement in our understanding of crop biology over the past 60 years, the DUS system has changed little and is still largely dependent upon a set of morphological traits for testing candidate varieties. As the demand for more plant varieties increases, the barriers to registration of new varieties become more acute and thus require urgent review to the system. To highlight the challenges and remedies in the current system, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of 805 UK barley varieties that span the entire history of DUS testing. Our findings reveal the system deficiencies such as inconsistencies in DUS traits across environments, limitations in DUS trait combinatorial space, and inadequacies in currently available DUS markers. We advocate the concept of genomic DUS and provide evidence for a shift towards a robust genomics-enabled registration system for new crop varieties.
Vortices as fractons
Authors: Doshi Darshil , Gromov Andrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFracton phases of matter feature local excitations with restricted mobility. Despite the substantial theoretical progress they lack conclusive experimental evidence. We discuss a simple and experimentally available realization of fracton physics. We note that superfluid vortices form a Hamiltonian system that conserves total dipole moment and trace of the quadrupole moment of vorticity; thereby establishing a relation to a traceless scalar charge theory in two spatial dimensions. Next we consider the limit where the number of vortices is large and show that emergent vortex hydrodynamics also conserves these moments. Finally, we show that on curved surfaces, the motion of vortices and that of fractons agree; thereby opening a route to experimental study of the interplay between fracton physics and curved space. Our conclusions also apply to charged particles in a strong magnetic field.
Flexibility‐based operational management of a microgrid considering interaction with gas grid
Authors: Kamrani Farshid , Fattaheian‐Dehkordi Sajjad , Abbaspour Ali , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPower systems have been undergoing significant restructuring as a result of increasing independently operated local resources. Consequently, new entities, i.e. microgrids (MGs), are developed, which facilitate the integration of local resources, specifically renewable energy sources (RESs), into the operation of power systems. Despite many benefits, the integration of RESs could cause severe rampings in the net‐load, which would challenge the reliable operation of the system. Therefore, it seems essential that flexible local resources in an MG should be employed to provide flexibility services to the main grid, thus ensuring that ramping in the MG's net‐load would meet the ramping capability in the upper‐level system. Accordingly, this study aims to develop an energy management framework to schedule local resources in an MG considering system's ramping limits. In this regard, the interaction between electricity and gas grid as a potential future flexible resource for energy systems is considered in the developed scheme. Moreover, the chance‐constrained methodology is employed to address the uncertainty associated with the operational management of RESs. Finally, the proposed energy management model is analysed from different perspectives to show the importance of the contribution of flexible local resources to the efficient improvement of the power system flexibility.
Potentiell inadäquate Medikation bei Heimbewohnern: Eine Analyse von Risikofaktoren anhand bundesweiter GKV-Routinedaten der AOK für das Jahr 2017
Authors: Weinand Sina , Thürmann Petra A. , Dröge Patrik , Koetsenruijter Jan , Klora Mike , Grobe Thomas G. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Primäres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Risikofaktoren für die Verordnung potentiell inadäquater Medikamente (PIM) anhand der PRISCUS-Liste bei stationären Heimbewohnern im Jahr 2017 zu identifizieren.Methoden Es erfolgte eine Analyse von GKV-Routinedaten zu versicherten Heimbewohnern ab 65 Jahren der Allgemeinen Ortskrankenkassen (AOKen) aus dem Jahr 2017. PIMs wurden anhand der PRISCUS-Liste identifiziert. Einflüsse von Risikofaktoren wurden in einer multivariaten logistischen Regression ermittelt.Ergebnisse Die Untersuchungspopulation im Jahr 2017 umfasste 259 328 Heimbewohner, von denen 25,5% mindestens ein PIM erhielten (Frauen: 25,6%; Männer: 24,9%). Weibliche sowie jüngere Heimbewohner wiesen ein erhöhtes Risiko für mindestens eine PRISCUS-Verordnung auf. Multimedikation, eine steigende Anzahl an ambulant behandelnden Ärzten und an Krankenhausaufenthalten stellten weitere Risikofaktoren dar. Zudem zeigen sich deutliche Verordnungsunterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Bundesländern.Schlussfolgerung PIM-Verordnungen sind bei Heimbewohnern häufig und insofern ein relevantes Thema im Hinblick auf die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit. Nicht auf Bewohnermerkmale zurückzuführende, sondern auch regionale Unterschiede verweisen auf Modifikationsmöglichkeiten und einen weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
“I AM HERE AND I MATTER”
Authors: Zentz Lauren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article I operationalize the term “virtue signaling”, a term generally pejoratively used towards people’s assertions of values on social media platforms, as “moral-political stancetaking”, an activity that is actually quite common on- and offline and that works to exert peer pressure toward onlookers and addressees so that they will adopt certain values. Using analytical frameworks of small stories and stance, I examine a narrative sequence from one political activist, demonstrating how she situates long-term aspects of her biography in relation to present moral-political crises in order to make assertions that culminate in the construction of a moral-political framework for the progressive grassroots organizations that she leads. Through this analysis I assert that the notion of virtue signaling, while new to the social media era, fits well within repertoires of communicative behavior that long pre-date the rise of social media.
UV curable hyperbranched polyester polyurethane acrylate for hydraulic machinery coating
Authors: Yuan Mengjie , Wang Shuai , Li Guixun , He Suqin , Liu Wentao , Liu Hao , Huang Miaoming , Zhu Chengshen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The content of river cement and sand in our country is relatively high, and the surface of hydraulic machinery in hydropower stations is often subject to fatigue damage and erosion. This topic is mainly used to solve the problem of abrasion and corrosion of hydraulic machinery coatings. UV curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) can be quickly solidified into film and directly coated on the surface of hydraulic machinery with excellent anti-wear, adhesion properties and low cost. In this work, a hyperbranched polyester synthesized by the stepwise reaction of trimethylolpropane (TMP) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) was as a ‘nucleus’, and the polyurethane prepolymer was obtained by grafting IPDI and PTMG (C Schüll, H Frey, 2013 Grafting of hyperbranched polymers: from unusual complex polymer topologies to multivalent surface functionalization, Polymer, 54, 5443–5455). The UV-curing hyperbranched polyester polyurethane acrylate (PUA-1) was prepared by capping with HEA (Xu, W, Wang, W, Hao, L, Zhao, W, Liu, H, Wang, X 2020 Effect of generation number on properties of fluoroalkyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyurethane latexs and its films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., e49215). Another UV-curing hyperbranched polyester polyurethane acrylate (PUA-2) was prepared as comparison by using TDI and PTMG as the main raw materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer,1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Gel Permeation Chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic thermomechanical analysis were used to characterize its structure and properties. The wear rate of the two hyperbranched polyesters measured by the underwater steel ball method is below 3%, The swelling rate of PUA-1 is between 250%–300%, and the swelling rate of PUA-2 is around 260%, indicating that PUA-2 has better solvent resistance than PUA-1, and the internal structure of the film is more dense. TG analysis showed that the thermal stability of the two materials was good.
Parental Migration and Children’s Problem Behaviours in Rural China: Testing an Integrative Theoretical Model
Authors: Chen Xiaojin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the social mechanism underlying the associations between parental migration and left-behind children’s delinquent and deviant behaviours in rural China. Using a middle school student sample, our results reveal that the effects of parental migration on children’s delinquency differ across caretaking arrangements. Specifically, compared with children living with non-migrant parents, those cared for by a remaining father (with a mother migrated) or by one grandparent (with both parents migrated) had weaker bonding with primary caretakers and schools, which led to delinquency and deviance directly or indirectly through more frequent association with deviant peers. In contrast, children living with a remaining mother or with two grandparents did not differ significantly from those living with non-migrant parents.
Modeling the thermomechanical behavior of a shape memory polymer Timoshenko beam
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhou Ziyu , Zhou Bo , Xue Shifeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new constitutive model that can model the thermomechanical behavior of a shape memory polymer (SMP) Timoshenko beam is established. Based on previous work, the SMP constitutive model is introduced and extended. According to Timoshenko beam theory and the SMP constitutive model, the constitutive model of an SMP beam was established using the Hamiltonian principle and energy principle. The simply supported beam was taken as an example to be solved and simulated. The results give the deflection and rotation properties, viscosity properties and shape memory properties of the SMP beam, and some conclusions are drawn. This work describes the thermomechanical behavior of an SMP Timoshenko beam, and it provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of SMP beams.
Musical Authenticity: Music Therapists’ Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Veblen Nora Bryant , Yinger Olivia Swedberg , Vasil Martina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoard-certified music therapists (MT-BCs) are expected to provide live music in numerous client-preferred genres, yet often face barriers that prevent them from recreating this music with musical authenticity, defined here as adhering to the expectations of the genre. The purpose of this survey was to investigate the perceptions and practices of MT-BCs (n = 904, 12%) regarding musical authenticity in their own practice. We collected quantitative and qualitative survey data on the importance of musical authenticity, barriers to and strategies for providing music authentically, and the use of electronic technology and the iPad. Descriptive and thematic analyses revealed that MT-BCs value musical authenticity but balance its importance with therapeutic needs and other types of authenticity that are deemed more important. Participants reported that they lacked knowledge of popular genres, functional musicianship, and electronic technology, which created major barriers to providing musical authenticity. Additionally, we found trends related to gender identity and the use of electronic technology in that significantly more male MT-BCs reported using electronic technology compared with female MT-BCs. Overall, however, less than half of the participants reported using either electronic technology or the iPad to increase musical authenticity. With these results in mind, and building on the results of Schippers and Fetterley, we created a model of recontextualization for music therapy practice. This practical tool is intended to guide music therapists to consider multiple issues of authenticity when learning music for clients.
Trends in SARS-CoV-2 detection during social relaxation measures over ten months of COVID-19 pandemic in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Alonso Fábio de O. M. , Sabino Bruno D. , de Oliveira Marcia Soraya C. , Knackfuss Fabiana B. , Varella Rafael B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyzed the effects of sequential reopening events during COVID-19 pandemic, based on 76,419 SARS-CoV-2 molecular tests performed from April 2020 to January 2021 in Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil, third largest in South America. Post-opening events provoked different impacts on cases and deaths, but showing limited temporary effect.
The UK experience of stereoelectroencephalography in children: An analysis of factors predicting the identification of a seizure onset zone and subsequent seizure freedom
Authors:   Children’s Epilepsy Surgery Service
Published: March 2021

AbstractImportanceStereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is more frequently being used in the pre-surgical evaluation of children with focal epilepsy. Many factors affect the rate of identification of a definable seizure onset zone (SOZ) and subsequent seizure freedom following SEEG-guided epilepsy surgery, which have not been systematically examined in multi-centre studies.ObjectivesDetermine the rates and factors that predict (a) whether or not a definable putative SOZ was identified on SEEG and (b) subsequent seizure freedom following surgical intervention.DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingMulticentre study involving 6 of 7 UK Children’s Epilepsy Surgery Service centres that perform paediatric SEEG in the UK.ParticipantsAll children undergoing SEEG from 2014 - March 2019 were included. Demographic, non-invasive evaluation, SEEG and operative factors were collected retrospectively from patient records.Main OutcomesThe two main outcome measures were (a) whether or not a definable putative SOZ was identified on SEEG (binary yes/no outcome) and (b) subsequent seizure freedom following surgical intervention (Engel classification)FindingsOne hundred and thirty-five patients underwent 139 SEEG explorations using a total of 1767 electrodes. A definable SOZ was identified in 117 patients (85.7%); odds of successfully finding a SOZ were 6.4x greater for non-motor seizures compared to motor seizures (p=0.02) and 3.6x more if ≥ 4 seizures were recorded during SEEG (p=0.03). Of 100 patients undergoing surgical treatment, 47 (47.0%) had an Engel class I outcome at a median follow-up of 1.3 years; the only factor associated with outcome was indication for SEEG (p=0.03). SEEG was safe with one (0.7%) haematoma requiring surgical evacuation and no long-term neurological deficits as a result of the procedure.Conclusions and RelevanceThis large nationally representative cohort illustrates that, in these patients who may not have otherwise been offered resective surgery, SEEG-guided surgery can still achieve high rates of seizure freedom. Seizure semiology and the number of seizures recorded during SEEG are important factors in the identification of a definable SOZ and the indication for SEEG is an important factor in post-operative outcomes.
A Simple RT-PCR Melting temperature Assay to Rapidly Screen for Widely Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Banada Padmapriya , Green Raquel , Banik Sukalyani , Chopoorian Abby , Streck Deanna , Jones Robert , Chakravorty Soumitesh , Alland David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) which originated in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B1.351), Brazil (P.1) and in United States (B.1.427/429) requires a vigorous public health response, including real time strain surveillance on a global scale. Although genome sequencing is the gold standard for identifying these VOCs, it is time consuming and expensive. Here, we describe a simple, rapid and high-throughput reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) melting temperature (Tm) screening assay that identifies these three major VOCs.MethodsRT-PCR primers and four sloppy molecular beacon (SMB) probes were designed to amplify and detect the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y (A23063T) and E484K (G23012A) mutations and their corresponding wild type sequences. After RT-PCR, the VOCs were identified by a characteristic Tm of each SMB. Assay optimization and testing was performed with RNA from SARS-CoV-2 USA WA1/2020 (WT), a B.1.17 and a B.1.351 variant strains. The assay was then validated using clinical samples.ResultsThe limit of detection (LOD) for both the WT and variants was 4 and 10 genomic copies/reaction for the 501 and 484 codon assays, respectively. The assay was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for identifying the N501Y and E484K mutations in cultured virus and in clinical samples as confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ConclusionWe have developed an RT-PCR melt screening test for the three major VOCs which can be used to rapidly screen large numbers of patient samples providing an early warning for the emergence of these variants and a simple way to track their spread.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: Implications for microclot formation in COVID-19
Authors: Grobbelaar Lize M. , Venter Chantelle , Vlok Mare , Ngoepe Malebogo , Laubscher Gert Jacobus , Lourens Petrus Johannes , Steenkamp Janami , Kell Douglas B. , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by unprecedented clinical pathologies. One of the most important pathologies, is hypercoagulation and microclots in the lungs of patients. Here we study the effect of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit as potential inflammagensui generis. Using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy as well as mass spectrometry, we investigate the potential of this inflammagen to interact with platelets and fibrin(ogen) directly to cause blood hypercoagulation. Using platelet poor plasma (PPP), we show that spike protein may interfere with blood flow. Mass spectrometry also showed that when spike protein S1 is added to healthy PPP, it results in structural changes to β and γ fibrin(ogen), complement 3, and prothrombin. These proteins were substantially resistant to trypsinization, in the presence of spike protein S1. Here we suggest that, in part, the presence of spike protein in circulation may contribute to the hypercoagulation in COVID-19 positive patients and may cause substantial impairment of fibrinolysis. Such lytic impairment may result in the persistent large microclots we have noted here and previously in plasma samples of COVID-19 patients. This observation may have important clinical relevance in the treatment of hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients.