bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data-driven approach to approximate the correlation functions in cluster variation method
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Gorrey Rajendra Prasad , Jindal Vikas , Muralidharan Krishna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The cluster variation method is one of the thermodynamic models used to calculate phase diagrams considering short range order (SRO). This method predicts the SRO values through internal variables referred to as correlation functions (CFs), accurately up to the cluster chosen in modeling the system. Determination of these CFs at each thermodynamic state of the system requires solving a set of nonlinear equations using numerical methods. In this communication, a neural network model is proposed to predict the values of the CFs. This network is trained for the bcc phase under tetrahedron approximation for both ordering and phase separating systems. The results show that the network can predict the values of the CFs accurately and thereby Helmholtz energy and the phase diagram with significantly less computational burden than that of conventional methods used.
Charge transport spectra in superconductor-InAs/GaSb-superconductor heterostructures
Authors: Sun Kuei , Bao Zhi-qiang , Yu Wenlong , Hawkins Samuel D , Klem John F , Pan Wei , Shi Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Charge transport physics in InAs/GaSb bi-layer systems has recently attracted attention for the experimental search for two-dimensional topological superconducting states in solids. Here we report measurement of charge transport spectra of nano devices consisting of an InAs/GaSb quantum well sandwiched by tantalum superconductors. We explore the current-voltage relation as a function of the charge-carrier density in the quantum well controlled by a gate voltage and an external magnetic field. We observe three types of differential resistance peaks, all of which can be effectively tuned by the external magnetic field, and, however, two of which appear at electric currents independent of the gate voltage, indicating a dominant mechanism from the superconductor and the system geometry. By analyzing the spectroscopic features, we find that the three types of peaks identify Andreev reflections, quasi-particle interference, and superconducting transitions in the device, respectively. Our results provide a basis for further exploration of possible topological superconducting state in the InAs/GaSb system.
Genuine nonlinearity and its connection to the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation in phase dynamics
Authors: Ratliff D J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of hyperbolic waves involves various notions which help characterise how these structures evolve. One important facet is the notion of genuine nonlinearity, namely the ability for shocks and rarefactions to form instead of contact discontinuities. In the context of the Whitham modulation equations, this paper demonstrate that a loss of genuine nonlinearity leads to the appearance of a dispersive set of dynamics in the form of the modified Korteweg de-Vries equation governing the evolution of the waves instead. Its form is universal in the sense that its coefficients can be written entirely using linear properties of the underlying waves such as the conservation laws and linear dispersion relation. This insight is applied to two systems of physical interest, one an optical model and the other a stratified hydrodynamics experiment, to demonstrate how it can be used to provide insight into how waves in these systems evolve when genuine nonlinearity is lost.
DNA damage modeled with Geant4-DNA: effects of plasmid DNA conformation and experimental conditions
Authors: D-Kondo N , Moreno-Barbosa E , Štěphán V , Stefanová K , Perrot Y , Villagrasa C , Incerti S , De Celis Alonso B , Schuemann J , Faddegon B , Ramos-Méndez J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chemical stage of the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code Geant4-DNA was extended for its use in DNA strand break (SB) simulations and compared against published experimental data. Geant4-DNA simulations were performed using pUC19 plasmids (2686 base pairs) in a buffered solution of DMSO irradiated by 60Co or 137Cs γ-rays. A comprehensive evaluation of SSB yields was performed considering DMSO, DNA concentration, dose and plasmid supercoiling. The latter was measured using the super helix density value used in a Brownian dynamics plasmid generation algorithm. The Geant4-DNA implementation of the independent reaction times method (IRT), developed to simulate the reaction kinetics of radiochemical species, allowed to score the fraction of supercoiled, relaxed and linearized plasmid fractions as a function of the absorbed dose. The percentage of the number of SB after •OH + DNA and H• + DNA reactions, referred as SSB efficiency, obtained using MCTS were 13.77% and 0.74% respectively. This is in reasonable agreement with published values of 12% and 0.8%. The SSB yields as a function of DMSO concentration, DNA concentration and super helix density recreated the expected published experimental behaviors within 5%, one standard deviation. The dose response of SSB and DSB yields agreed with published measurements within 5%, one standard deviation. We demonstrated that the developed extension of IRT in Geant4-DNA, facilitated the reproduction of experimental conditions. Furthermore, its calculations were strongly in agreement with experimental data. These two facts will facilitate the use of this extension in future radiobiological applications, aiding the study of DNA damage mechanisms with a high level of detail.
Group-wise context selection network for choroid segmentation in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Shi Fei , Cheng Xuena , Feng Shuanglang , Yang Changqing , Diao Shengyong , Zhu Weifang , Xiang Dehui , Chen Qiuying , Xu Xun , Chen Xinjian , Fan Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Choroid thickness measured from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images has emerged as a vital metric in the management of retinal diseases such as high myopia. In this paper, we propose a novel group-wise context selection network (referred to as GCS-Net) to segment the choroid of either normal or high myopia eyes. To deal with the diverse choroid thickness and the variable shape of the pathological retina, GCS-Net adopts the group-wise channel dilation (GCD) module and the group-wise spatial dilation module, which can automatically select group-wise multi-scale information under the guidance of channel attention or spatial attention, and enhance the consistency between the receptive field and the target area. Furthermore, a boundary optimization network with a new edge loss is incorporated to improve the resulting choroid boundary by deep supervision. Experimental results evaluated on a dataset composed of 1650 clinically obtained OCT B-scans show that the proposed GCS-Net can achieve a Dice similarity coefficient of 95.97 ± 0.54%, which outperforms some state-of-the-art segmentation networks.
A deep matrix factorization framework for identifying underlying tissue-specific patterns of DCE-MRI: applications for molecular subtype classification in breast cancer
Authors: Fan Ming , Yuan Wei , Liu Weifen , Gao Xin , Xu Maosheng , Wang Shiwei , Li Lihua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in that different angiogenesis and blood flow characteristics could be present within a tumor. The pixel kinetics of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can assume several distinct signal patterns related to specific tissue characteristics. Identification of the latent, tissue-specific dynamic patterns of intratumor heterogeneity can shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of tumors. Approach. To mine this information, we propose a deep matrix factorization-based dynamic decomposition (DMFDE) model specifically designed according to DCE-MRI characteristics. The time-series imaging data were decomposed into tissue-specific dynamic patterns and their corresponding proportion maps. The image pixel matrix and the reference matrix of population-level kinetics obtained by clustering the dynamic signals were used as the inputs. Two multilayer neural network branches were designed to collaboratively project the input matrix into a latent dynamic pattern and a dynamic proportion matrix, which was justified using simulated data. Clinical implications of DMFDE were assessed by radiomics analysis of proportion maps obtained from the tumor/parenchyma region for classifying the luminal A subtype. Main results. The decomposition performance of DMFDE was evaluated by the root mean square error and was shown to be better than that of the conventional convex analysis of mixtures (CAM) method. The predictive model with K = 3, 4, and 5 dynamic proportion maps generated AUC values of 0.780, 0.786 and 0.790, respectively, in distinguishing between luminal A and nonluminal A tumors, which are better than the CAM method (AUC = 0.726). The combination of statistical features from images with different proportion maps has the highest prediction value (AUC = 0.813), which is significantly higher than that based on CAM. Conclusion. This proposed method identified the latent dynamic patterns associated with different molecular subtypes, and radiomics analysis based on the pixel compositions of the uncovered dynamic patterns was able to determine molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Gapless spin liquid and pair density wave of the Hubbard model on three-leg triangular cylinders
Authors: Peng Cheng , Jiang Yi-Fan , Wang Yao , Jiang Hong-Chen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the ground state properties of the Hubbard model on three-leg triangular cylinders using large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations. At half-filling, we identify an intermediate gapless spin liquid phase, which has one gapless spin mode and algebraic spin–spin correlations but exponential decay scalar chiral–chiral correlations, between a metallic phase at weak coupling and Mott insulating dimer phase at strong interaction. Upon light doping the gapless spin liquid, the system exhibits power-law charge-density-wave (CDW) correlations but short-range single-particle, spin–spin, and chiral–chiral correlations. Similar to CDW correlations, the superconducting correlations also decay in power-law but oscillate in sign as a function of distance, which is consistent with the striped pair-density wave. When further doping the gapless spin liquid phase or doping the dimer order phase, another phase takes over, which has similar CDW correlations but all other correlations decay exponentially.
Thermodynamics of galaxy clusters in modified Newtonian potential
Authors: Khanday Abdul W , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Ganai Prince A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the thermodynamics of galaxy clusters in a modified Newtonian potential motivated by a general solution to Newton’s ‘sphere-point’ equivalence theorem. We obtain the N particle partition function by evaluating the configurational integral while accounting for the extended nature of galaxies (via the inclusion of the softening parameter ϵ into the potential energy function). This softening parameter takes care of the Galaxy-halos whose effect on structuring the shape of the galactic disc has been found recently. The spatial distribution of the particles (galaxies) is also studied in this framework. A comparison of the new clustering parameter b
+ to the original clustering parameters is presented in order to visualize the effect of the modified gravity. We also discuss the possibility of system symmetry breaking via the behavior of the specific heat as a function of temperature.
A tailored ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial based on graphene
Authors: Li Fen-Ying , Zhang Tao , Chen Quan-Fang , Ye Hai-Ning , Zhang Xin-Lei , Zhang Hai-Feng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on graphene, an ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with dynamic tunability is realized in theory. Through altering the Fermi level of graphene that can be regulated by the external voltage, the EIT window and the EIT effect, especially the slow-wave effect, can be easily adjusted. Moreover, the bandwidth of the EIT window can be changed by the incidence angle, achieving the transformation from broadband to narrowband. At the same time, by discussing the polarization state and loss index, the characteristics of polarization insensitivity and low loss are proved. Additionally, the influences of other parameters are discussed, such as the relaxation time of graphene and coupling distance. These unique features enable the designed EIT metamaterial to be masterly applied to optical switches, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
Calibration-free laser-based spectroscopic study of Sn-based alloys
Authors: Atikukke Sahithya , Marín Roldán Alicia , Dwivedi Vishal , Veis Matej , Veis Pavel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The elemental quantification of liquid metal divertor (LMD) surface is important for understanding the material erosion, migration, re-deposition, and fuel retention in Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs). Currently, LMD are attractive candidates for the short- and long-term operation of fusion devices like DEMO. Liquid metals can provide self-cooling, self-replenishing plasma-facing surfaces requiring very little upkeep. In a previous work, we studied Li and LiSn layers deposited on attachment screws in the COMPASS tokamak by means of Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS). Several problems were encountered related to the detection of Sn in LiSn. Thus, in the present work, we are optimizing the experimental conditions for the detection of Sn I-II and Pb I-II in Pb-containing Sn-based alloys, performing the quantification of Pb in traces and in bulk quantities using CF-LIBS approach.
The effect of the thickness on structural, optical limiting, and dielectric properties of hybrid coatings rhodamine B dye films on an epoxy polymeric substrate for display applications
Authors: Jilani W , Bouzidi A , Almahri Albandary , Guermazi H , Yahia I S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Various thickness of Rhodamine B (RhB) laser dye was deposited on epoxy polymeric as a new dielectric organic substrate by spin coating method for the first time. This study focused on the newly considered RhB dye on an epoxy substrate for wide-scale applications. The thickness effect on structural, optical, and dielectric properties of the hybrid coating films was performed. The XRD patterns of the films indicated a large hump amorphous design and lack of Bragg peak intensity associated with the RhB laser dye, due to amorphous film concentration. From UV-Visible spectroscopy, the optical absorption edge shifts to the higher wavelengths direction (redshift) with the variation in RhB dye thicknesses. It was found that the energy band gap decreased when the RhB dye film thickness changed. The refractive index is an important parameter influencing the optical component design. Their values vary according to each relationship that extremely useful the films in optical devices. Laser power attenuation sensitivity of pure epoxy polymeric substrate and its coating films shows that under reducing the thicknesses of RhB dye, the laser power intensity effect increases. Several dielectric parameters are extracted from the series and parallel capacitance measurements. The present results offer new material films for luminescent energy solar concentrator applications.
The minimum testable abundance of primordial black holes at future gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: De Luca Valerio , Franciolini Gabriele , Pani Paolo , Riotto Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The next generation of gravitational-wave experiments, such as Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer and LISA, will test the primordial black hole scenario. We provide a forecast for the minimum testable value of the abundance of primordial black holes as a function of their masses for both the unclustered and clustered spatial distributions at formation. In particular, we show that these instruments may test abundances, relative to the dark matter, as low as 10-10.
Multivariate statistical monitoring system for microbial population dynamics
Authors: Ishiya Koji , Aburatani Sachiyo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microbiomes in their natural environments vary dynamically with changing environmental conditions. The detection of these dynamic changes in microbial populations is critical for understanding the impact of environmental changes on the microbial community. Here, we propose a novel method to detect time-series changes in the microbiome, based on multivariate statistical process control. By focusing on the interspecies structures, this approach enables the robust detection of time-series changes in a microbiome composed of a large number of microbial species. Applying this approach to empirical human gut microbiome data, we accurately traced time-series changes in microbiota composition induced by a dietary intervention trial. This method was also excellent for tracking the recovery process after the intervention. Our approach can be useful for monitoring dynamic changes in complex microbial communities.
Fiber laser with built-in FBG and LPFG for simultaneous two parameters sensing
Authors: Li Dong-Chang , Liaw Shien-Kuei , Chen Bo-Wei , Lee Hsin-Che , Yu Yi-Lin , Kishikawa Hiroki , Goto Nobuo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work aims to measure the liquid level and temperature at the same time. We propose a fiber laser based on Bragg grating (FBG) and a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) for simultaneously two-parameter sensing. It has one wavelength peak induced by the FBG and one central dip induced by the LPFG. The resulting temperature varies from 25 °C to 50 °C in 7.5 nm wavelength drifts of LPFG with linearity R
2 of 0.9994. The sensitivity of the FBG liquid level sensing will be affected by the temperature change, ranging from—0.12 nm cm−1 at low temperature to—0.004 nm cm−1 at high temperature, and the linearity R
2 is about 0.9967. Thanks to the laser cavity, the proposed fiber laser with an extensive dynamic range could be used for remote monitoring.
High-precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing with a multi-focal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array
Authors: Yang Yaling , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Junyong , Li You , Liu Dean 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A Hartmann wavefront sensor is a type of wavefront detection instrument that has been widely used in various fields. Traditional Hartmann wavefront sensors usually comprise a monofocal refraction lenslet array to segment the wavefront at the entrance pupil. Each wavelet is focused at the focal plane along the projection of the lenslet, forming the foci array. Unlike the multifocal self-interference Taiji-lenslet array, a type of multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array was proposed in this study to improve the measurement accuracy using the weighted centroid location algorithm of these multifocal spots, where the latter is more easily designed than the former. An optical experiment was implemented using the multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array to verify its effectiveness. As a type of diffractive lens, a large-aperture Taiji-lenslet array can be easily fabricated via lithography, which has great potential for application in the measurement of large-scale laser beams and optical elements.
Influence of different sized nanoparticles combined with ultrasound on the optical properties of in vitro knee joint and knee osteoarthritis cartilage tissue was studied by OCT and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: An Ran , Wei Huajiang , Zhuang Ze , Guo Zhouyi , He Yonghong , Xie Shusen , Yang Hongqin , Gu Huaimin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The penetration and accumulation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with different sizes in human normal knee joint (NKJ) tissue and knee osteoarthritis (OA) tissue were studied by continuous optical coherence tomography and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy in this paper, and the effects of ZnO NPs of two sizes (30 nm and 90 nm) and ultrasound (US) on the optical properties of human NKJ and OA tissue were evaluated. The results show that the average attenuation coefficients of NKJ tissue decrease by 14.90%, 26.91%, 33.52% and 37.01%, and the DR spectra increases by 8.444%, 12.901%, 18.219% and 26.125%, respectively, after being treated with 90 nm ZnO NPs, 90 nm ZnO NPs/US, 30 nm ZnO NPs and 30 nm ZnO NPs/US. The average attenuation coefficients of OA tissue are reduced by 32.14%, 49.51%, 57.85% and 72.30%, and the DR spectra increase by 17.426%, 23.116%, 25.218% and 29.326%, respectively, after being treated with 90 nm ZnO NPs, 90 nm ZnO NPs/US, 30 nm ZnO NPs and 30 nm ZnO NPs/US. It is concluded that the optical properties of NKJ and OA tissues are greatly influenced by ZnO NPs and US. Nanoparticles have a greater impact on OA tissue than on NKJ tissue.
A Stellar Ranging Scheme Based on the Second-order Correlation Measurement
Authors: Li Jian , Xu Can , Liu Yinshen , Ma Yaqi , Liu Xinyao , Ma Xiaochen , Fan Run , Zhang An-Ning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stellar ranging is the basis for stellar dynamics research and in-depth research on astrophysics. The parallax method is the most widely used and important basic method for stellar ranging. However, it needs to perform high-precision measurement of the parallax angle and the baseline length together. We aim to propose a new stellar ranging scheme based on second-order correlation that does not require a parallax angle measurement. We hope our solution can be as basic as the parallax method. We propose a new stellar ranging scheme by using the offset of second-order correlation curve signals. The optical path difference between the stars and different base stations is determined by the offset of the second-order correlation curve signals. Then the distance of the stars could be determined by the geometric relation. With the distance to stars out to 10 kpc away, our astrometric precision can be better compared to Gaia by simulation. We also design an experiment and successfully demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme. This stellar ranging scheme enables further and more accurate stellar ranging without requiring any prior information or angle measurement.
Realisation of the ITS-90 and thermodynamic temperature measurements above 960 °C using a monochromator-based radiance comparator
Authors: Bourson F , Briaudeau S , Sadli M , Rougié B , Kozlova O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At LNE-Cnam, the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90) and thermodynamic temperature measurements above the silver point, are carried out with a radiance comparator. This instrument is, more generally, devoted to any radiance comparison in temperature range from the ambient to 3000 °C. The instrument developed in the early 1990s at LNE-Cnam has the advantage of being completely adjustable. Compared to compact radiation thermometers based on lenses and a narrow-band interference filter, the radiance comparator is only made of gold coated mirrors and a Czerny–Turner monochromator to select the spectral bandwidth. The instrument offers the possibility to tune the geometric extent and the slit scattering function. In return, the radiance comparator is a complex instrument that requires a complete and a regular characterisation at the highest level of accuracy. In the first part, this paper describes the instrument and its operating principle. In a second part, a complete study of the wavelength calibration, the slit scattering function, size of source effect, out-of-band transmittance, linearity and other main sources of uncertainty are presented and discussed. Their associated uncertainties are estimated separately and are grouped together to give an example of propagation of uncertainties when realising the ITS-90.