bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midterm Safety of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation of the Knee During Arthroscopic Cartilage–Based Procedures
Authors: Penton Judson L. , Flick Travis R. , Savoie Felix H. , Heard Wendell M. , Sherman William F. 
Published: October 2021

Background: When compared with fluid arthroscopy, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation offers an increased scope of view and a more natural-appearing joint cavity, and it eliminates floating debris that may obscure the surgeon’s view. Despite the advantages of CO2 insufflation during knee arthroscopy and no reported cases of air emboli, the technique is not widely used because of concerns of hematogenous gas leakage and a lack of case series demonstrating safety. Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate the safety profile of CO2 insufflation during arthroscopic osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee and report the midterm clinical outcomes using this technique. We hypothesized that patients undergoing CO2 insufflation of the knee joint would have minimal systemic complications, allowing arthroscopic cartilage work in a dry field. Study Design: Case series; level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of electronic medical records for patients who underwent arthroscopic osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee with the use of CO2 insufflation. Included were patients aged 18 to 65 years who underwent knee arthroscopy with CO2 insufflation from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2021, and who had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. All procedures were performed by a single, fellowship-trained and board-certified sports medicine surgeon. The patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed in their entirety for relevant demographic and clinical outcomes. Results: We evaluated 27 patients (14 women and 13 men) with a mean age of 38 and a mean follow-up of 39.2 months. CO2 insufflation was used in 100% of cases during the placement of the osteochondral allograft. None of the patients sustained any systemic complications, including signs or symptoms of gas embolism or persistent subcutaneous emphysema. Conclusion: The results of this case series suggest CO2 insufflation during knee arthroscopy can be performed safely with minimal systemic complications and provide an alternative environment for treating osteochondral defects requiring a dry field in the knee.
Multiple myeloma cells depend on the DDI2/NRF1-mediated proteasome stress response for survival
Authors: Chen Tianzeng , Ho Matthew , Briere Jenna , Moscvin Maria , Czarnecki Peter G. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Blackwell T. Keith , Bianchi Giada 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells suffer from baseline proteotoxicity as the result of an imbalance between the load of misfolded proteins awaiting proteolysis and the capacity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade them. This intrinsic vulnerability is at the base of MM sensitivity to agents that perturb proteostasis, such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs), the mainstay of modern-day myeloma therapy. De novo and acquired PI resistance are important clinical limitations that adversely affect prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning PI resistance are only partially understood, limiting the development of drugs that can overcome it. The transcription factor NRF1 is activated by the aspartic protease DNA damage inducible 1 homolog 2 (DDI2) upon proteasome insufficiency and governs proteasome biogenesis. In this article, we show that MM cells exhibit baseline NRF1 activation and are dependent upon DDI2 for survival. DDI2 knockout (KO) is cytotoxic for MM cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Protein structure-function studies show that DDI2 KO blocks NRF1 cleavage and nuclear translocation, causing impaired proteasome activity recovery upon irreversible proteasome inhibition and, thereby, increasing sensitivity to PIs. Add-back of wild-type, but not of catalytically dead DDI2, fully rescues these phenotypes. We propose that DDI2 is an unexplored promising molecular target in MM by disrupting the proteasome stress response and exacerbating proteotoxicity.
Anti-glycoprotein antibodies and sequestration pattern of indium-labeled platelets in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Amini Sufia N. , Porcelijn Leendert , Sobels Annemieke , Kartachova Marina , de Haas Masja , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Schipperus Martin R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Antiglycoprotein (anti-GP) antibodies play an important role in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The sequestration pattern of platelets in the spleen and liver can be studied with 111In-labeled autologous platelet scans. No studies have investigated the role of anti-GP antibodies in sequestration patterns in ITP patients. In this study, we examined the association between antibodies and (1) platelet sequestration site and (2) clearance rate of platelets. All ITP patients receiving an 111In-labeled autologous platelet study between 2014 and 2018 were included. Antibodies were measured using the direct MAIPA method to determine the presence and titer of anti-GPIIb/IIIa, anti-GPIb/IX, and anti-GPV antibodies. Multivariate regression models were used to study the association between anti-GP antibodies, sequestration site, and clearance rate. Seventy-four patients were included, with a mean age of 36 years. Forty-seven percent of the patients showed a predominantly splenic sequestration pattern, 29% mixed, and 25% a hepatic pattern. In 53% of the patients, anti-GP antibodies were detected. Regression models showed a significant association between splenic sequestration and GPV autoantibodies. Furthermore, in patients where antibodies were present, the clearance rate was higher in patients with a splenic sequestration. Anti-GPV antibodies are associated with a splenic sequestration pattern in ITP patients. These associations provide insight into the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of ITP, which may lead to better detection and treatment of this partly idiopathic and prevalent disease.
Platelet binding to polymerizing fibrin is avidity driven and requires activated αIIbβ3 but not fibrin cross-linking
Authors: Buitrago Lorena , Lefkowitz Samuel , Bentur Ohad , Padovan Julio , Coller Barry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The molecular basis of platelet-fibrin interactions remains poorly understood despite the predominance of fibrin in thrombi. We have studied the interaction of platelets with polymerizing fibrin by adding thrombin to washed platelets in the presence of the peptide RGDW, which inhibits the initial platelet aggregation mediated by fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 but leaves intact a delayed increase in light transmission (delayed wave; DW) as platelets interact with the polymerizing fibrin. The DW was absent in platelets from a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia, indicating a requirement for αIIbβ3. The DW required αIIbb3 activation and it was inhibited by the αIIbβ3 antagonists eptifibatide and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E3, but only at much higher concentrations than needed to inhibit platelet aggregation initiated by a thrombin receptor activating peptide (T6). Surface plasmon resonance and scanning electron microscopy studies both supported fibrin having greater avidity for αIIbβ3 than fibrinogen rather than greater affinity, consistent with fibrin’s multivalency. mAb 10E5, a potent inhibitor of T6-induced platelet aggregation, did not inhibit the DW, suggesting that fibrin differs from fibrinogen in its mechanism of binding. Inhibition of factor XIII–mediated fibrin cross-linking by &gt;95% reduced the DW by only 32%. Clot retraction showed a pattern of inhibition similar to that of the DW. We conclude that activated αIIbβ3 is the primary mediator of platelet-fibrin interactions leading to clot retraction, and that the interaction is avidity driven, does not require fibrin cross-linking, and is mediated by a mechanism that differs subtly from that of the interaction of αIIbβ3 with fibrinogen.
Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promoted lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in the myocardium by sponging microRNA-124-3p/E2F3
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Gao Guangyuan , Yan Mengjie , Yu Ming , Shi Kaiyao , Yang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis (SIMD) leads to high mortality in critically ill patients. We investigated the function and mechanism of long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 (lncRNA MAPKAPK-AS1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation response in vivo and in vitro.

Method
Male SD rats were utilized for in vivo experiments. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were employed for in vitro experiments. Western blotting was employed to measure protein expression, and RT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression of inflammation factors. TUNEL and flow cytometry were carried out to evulate cell apoptosis.

Result
The results showed that the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 was increased, while the expression of miR-124-3p was decreased in the inflammatory damage induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of MAPKAPK5-AS1 reduced LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response, while overexpression of miR-124-3p weakened the effects of MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response. Moreover, miR-124-3p was identified as a downstream miRNA of MAPKAPK5-AS1, and E2F3 was a target of miR-214-3p. MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown increased the expression of miR-124-3p, while miR-124-3p overexpression reduced the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1. In addition, miR-124-3p was found to downregulate E2F3 expression in H9C2 cells.

Conclusion
MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-124-3p/E2F3 axis regulates LPS-related H9C2 cell apoptosis and inflammatory response.
The ratio of HDL-C to apoA-I interacts with free triiodothyronine to modulate coronary artery disease risk
Authors: Li Li , Cai Gaojun , Lu Wei , Li Feng , Yu Lei , Xiao Jianqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
In the present work, research was carried out to explore the correlation between the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ratio and serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and their interaction on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
A total of 1686 patients who underwent selective coronary angiography were enrolled in the present study, including 1279 patients with CAD and 407 controls. The subjects were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the interaction of the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio and FT3 level with the risk of CAD.

Results
The group with the highest HDL-C/apoA-I ratio had the lowest levels of FT3. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio was negatively associated with FT3 after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), FT4 and TSH. A logistic regression model showed that a high HDL-C/apoA-I ratio (> 0.89 mmol/g) and high FT3 levels (> 4.5 pmol/l) were protective factors for CAD. Patients with a lower HDL-C/apoA-I ratio (≤ 0.89 mmol/g) and lower FT3 level (≤ 4.5 pmol/l) had an increased risk of CAD (OR = 2.441, P = 0.000, S = 1.13, AP = 0.068, AP* = 0.116, RERI = 0.168).

Conclusions
The HDL-C/apoA-I ratio was negatively associated with FT3, and there was a significant interaction between the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio and FT3 with the risk of CAD.
Predictors of severe leptospirosis: a multicentre observational study from Central Malaysia
Authors: Philip Noraini , Lung Than Leslie Thian , Shah Anim Md , Yuhana Muhamad Yazli , Sekawi Zamberi , Neela Vasantha Kumari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with vast clinical presentations, that ranges from subclinical or mild to severe and fatal outcomes. Leptospirosis can be managed well if diagnosed earlier, however, similar clinical presentations by several other febrile illnesses or co-infections, and laboratory diagnostic challenges due to the biphasic nature of the illness, often result in mis- or underdiagnosis, thereby lead to severe illness. Identification of clinical predictors for the severe form of the disease plays a crucial role in reducing disease complication and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the clinical predictors associated with severe illness among leptospirosis patients from Central Malaysia through a prospective multicenter observational study.

Methods
A prospective multicenter observational study was performed on patients admitted for clinically suspected leptospirosis. Three hospitals namely Hospital Serdang, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah and Hospital Teluk Intan were included in the study. Among a total of 165 clinically suspected leptospirosis patients, 83 confirmed cases were investigated for clinical predictors for severe illness. Qualitative variables were performed using χ2 and the relationship between mild and severe cases was evaluated using logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the independent variable for severity.

Results
Among the 83 patients, 50 showed mild disease and 33 developed severe illness. The mean age of the patients was 41.92 ± 17.99 and most were males (n = 54, 65.06%). We identified mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, septic shock, creatinine level of > 1.13 mg/dL, urea > 7 mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase > 50 IU, aspartate aminotransferase > 50 IU, and platelet < 150 × 109/L as factors associated with severe illness. Acute kidney injury, alanine aminotransferase > 50 IU and platelet < 150 × 109/L were defined as the independent factors for severity.

Conclusions
Lungs, liver and kidney involvement and septic shock were found as the prognostic factors for severe leptospirosis. Acute kidney injury, high level of alanine aminotransferase and low level of platelets were found to be independent predictors of severity.
The implementation of colorectal cancer screening interventions in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Schliemann Désirée , Ramanathan Kogila , Matovu Nicholas , O’Neill Ciaran , Kee Frank , Su Tin Tin , Donnelly Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experienced increasing rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the last decade and lower 5-year survival rates compared to high-income countries (HICs) where the implementation of screening and treatment services have advanced. This review scoped and mapped the literature regarding the content, implementation and uptake of CRC screening interventions as well as opportunities and challenges for the implementation of CRC screening interventions in LMICs.MethodsWe systematically followed a five-step scoping review framework to identify and review relevant literature about CRC screening in LMICs, written in the English language before February 2020. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar for studies targeting the general, asymptomatic, at-risk adult population. The TIDieR tool and an implementation checklist were used to extract data from empirical studies; and we extracted data-informed insights from policy reviews and commentaries.ResultsCRC screening interventions (n = 24 studies) were implemented in nine middle-income countries. Population-based screening programmes (n = 11) as well as small-scale screening interventions (n = 13) utilised various recruitment strategies. Interventions that recruited participants face-to-face (alone or in combination with other recruitment strategies) (10/15), opportunistic clinic-based screening interventions (5/6) and educational interventions combined with screening (3/4), seemed to be the strategies that consistently achieved an uptake of > 65% in LMICs. FOBT/FIT and colonoscopy uptake ranged between 14 and 100%. The most commonly reported implementation indicator was ‘uptake/reach’. There was an absence of detail regarding implementation indicators and there is a need to improve reporting practice in order to disseminate learning about how to implement programmes.ConclusionOpportunities and challenges for the implementation of CRC screening programmes were related to the reporting of CRC cases and screening, cost-effective screening methods, knowledge about CRC and screening, staff resources and training, infrastructure of the health care system, financial resources, public health campaigns, policy commitment from governments, patient navigation, planning of screening programmes and quality assurance.
Diagnostic value of monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1, soluble mannose receptor, Presepsin, and Procalcitonin in critically ill children admitted with suspected sepsis
Authors: Hassuna Noha A. , Elgezawy Ebtesam , Mousa Suzan O. , AbdelAziz Reem A. , Ibrahem Reham A. , Wahed Wafaa Yousif Abdel , Nasif Khalid A. , Hefzy Enas M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The differentiation between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis is very important as it determines essential treatment decisions, such as selection, initiation, and duration of antibiotic therapy.

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of Procalcitonin, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, soluble Mannose Receptor, Presepsin as early biomarkers of pediatric sepsis in comparison to systemic inflammatory response syndrome in severely ill children.

Patients and methods
This study included 58 children diagnosed as sepsis (group 1), 24 children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome without infection (group 2), and 50 healthy children as controls (group 3). All the plasma levels of the studied biomarkers were measured and ROC curves were created for all the tested parameters to discriminate between sepsis and SIRS.

Results
The area under the curve for Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 was 0.926 (0.846-0.927) with sensitivity 100% and specificity 62.5%. The soluble Mannose Receptor had the highest sensitivity (100%), with AUC equals 1(.0.956-1.0) and specificity of 100%. The cut-off values for Procalcitonin, Presepsin, soluble Mannose Receptor, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and were: 0.62 ng/ml, 100 pg/ml, 13 ng/ml and 90 pg/ml, respectively. In septic cases, both soluble Mannose Receptor and Procalcitonin have positive correlations with the severity of sepsis, low Glasgow Coma Scale, ventilatory support, use of inotropic drugs and mortality rate (r = 0.950, 0.812, 0.795, 0.732 and 0.861respectively) for soluble Mannose Receptor and (0.536, 0.473, 0.422, 0.305 and 0.474 respectively) for Procalcitonin.

Conclusion
Soluble Mannose Receptor, Presepsin, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 can be used to differentiate between sepsis and SIRS in critically ill children.
Psychometric properties of the dementia knowledge assessment scale-traditional Chinese among home care workers in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Huei-Chuan , Su Hsin-Feng , Wang Hsiu-Mei , Koo Malcolm , Lo Raymond Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) is a reliable and valid measurement of dementia knowledge for diverse allied health professionals but its traditional Chinese version has not been formally validated yet. The purpose of this study was to translate the DKAS from English to traditional Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties among home care workers in Taiwan.

Methods
The DKAS scale was translated into traditional Chinese through a forward translation and back translation process following the cross-cultural translation guideline. A total of 285 home care workers in eastern Taiwan were recruited using convenience sample. A total of 252 participants completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 88.4%. We tested the construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and evaluated the reliability by internal consistency.

Results
The results of the CFA supported the 25-item, four-factor model for the DKAS-TC. The DKAS-TC achieved a good overall Cronbach’s alpha of .93 and McDonald’s omega of 0.94 with acceptable subscales McDonald’s omega ranged from .77 to .82.

Conclusions
The DKAS-TC has adequate construct validity and reliability and can serve as an assessment tool to evaluate the knowledge level of home care workers in a dementia training program in Taiwan. The dementia knowledge level among home care workers in Taiwan was inadequate. There is a need for developing suitable dementia care training tailored to their learning needs and educational levels, and to improve their quality of care for those with dementia.
Explaining utilization of HIV prevention and testing services among university students in Mozambique: results from a mixed methods study
Authors: Hooft Anneka , Pfeil Sarah , Mussengue Josina , Jetha Eunice , He Feng , Jain Sonia , Manuel Sandra , Langa Patrício V. , Sundararajan Radhika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In Mozambique, HIV infection disproportionately affects young adults, particularly women. Despite awareness and knowledge of HIV transmission, many university students have not received HIV testing and continue to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, including inconsistent condom use. Further understanding of patterns of engagement with HIV prevention and testing is key to reducing HIV transmission in this at-risk population.

Methods
This study used a sequential mixed methods approach to examine patterns of engagement and perceptions of HIV prevention and testing services among higher education students in Mozambique. Survey data were collected from a representative sample of 501 students from Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) in Maputo, Mozambique to assess the primary outcomes of 1) HIV testing within the last 12 months; and 2) condom use during last sexual encounter. We employed univariate and multivariate regression models. The survey was followed by qualitative interviews with 70 survey participants which were analyzed using an inductive, content-focused analysis to further explain and contextualize survey findings.

Results
Over 85% of students reported to be sexually active, among these 74% reported condom use during their last sexual encounter, and 64.2% reported an HIV test within the past 12 months. Females were more likely to have had HIV testing in the past 12 months in comparison to their male peers (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11, 2.99), but were half as likely to have used a condom with their last sexual encounter (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33, 0.83), when controlling for other factors. Qualitative data suggests that these discrepancies may be explained by differential perceptions in risk and trust/mistrust, with women being more concerned about infidelity by their male partner(s) and assuming more responsibility for knowing their own serostatus. Women were also subject to negative stereotypes for possessing condoms in comparison to men, which could explain lower propensity for use.

Conclusion
Given gendered differences in uptake of condom use and HIV testing, and perceived HIV risk, interventions tailored specifically to male and female students may impact engagement with HIV prevention and testing and empower informed choices about sexual behaviors.