bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Fields and Gravitational Waves
Authors: Yuan Tony 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For any object with ﬁnite velocity, the relative velocity between them will aﬀect the eﬀect between them. This eﬀect can be called the chasing eﬀect (general Doppler eﬀect). LIGO discovered gravitational waves and measured the speed of gravitational waves equal to the speed of light c. Gravitational waves are generated due to the disturbance of the gravitational ﬁeld, and the gravitational waves will aﬀect the gravitational force on the object. We know that light waves have the Doppler eﬀect, and gravitational waves also have this characteristic. The article studies the following questions around gravitational waves: What is the spatial distribution of gravitational waves? Can the speed of the gravitational wave represent the speed of the gravitational ﬁeld (the speed of the action of the gravitational ﬁeld on the object)? What is the speed of the gravitational ﬁeld? Will gravitational waves caused by the revolution of the sun aﬀect planetary precession? Can we modify Newton’s gravitational equation through the inﬂuence of gravitational waves?
Global Deposits of Rare Earth Elements and Prospects in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kasay Georges M. , Bolarinwa Anthony , Aromolaran Olawale K. , Nzolang Charles , Kivava Alain S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are not as rare as their name indicate, but the deposits in which they are found at an economic interest are not very common. They are enriched in carbonatites, pegmatites, alkaline and per-alkaline igneous rocks, placers, laterites, veins, bauxites and iron adsorption clays. Economic deposits of REE are mined from 3 main minerals, which are bastnaesite, monazite and xenotime. REE have been widely used in many high-tech and green technology gadgets, including batteries, computer memories, permanent magnets, smartphones, solar panels, wind turbines, speakers, air conditioners and many other applications. Due to these applications, REE are sought after by many developed and developing economies. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is endowed with mineral potentials. Studies have speculated REE concentration in areas with carbonatite complexes such as Lueshe, Bingo and Kirumba. Other regions with REE potentials include pegmatites. A high weathering rate contributes to metals and REE deposition in lateritic profiles of pegmatites and other alkaline rocks. Additionally, there are placers in many locations of riverbanks. For example, the alluvial placers of Kabengelwa, Mashabuto and Obaye are enriched in monazite and contain significant quantities of rare earth oxides. We believe that, with more research and explorations, the DRC could be a potential target for future REE projects.
Insight into the Evolution of the Cellulose Microstructure Through the Enzyme Pretreatment Method
Authors: Ding Qijun , Jing Limin , Han Wenjia , Guan Yanpeng , Jiang Yifei , Du Peng , Wu Chaojun , Li Ronggang , Li Xia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, the changes of properties and microstructure of cellulose (bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP)) subjected to different enzyme pretreatment times (0–10 h) were explored for further fibrillation. The various properties of the pretreated cellulose gradually decrease with the elapse of time relative to the pristine material, such as yield, water retention value, aspect ratio and degree of polymerization, etc. Enzyme pretreatment can promote the peeling of fibrils and loosen the amorphous areas of cellulose identified by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A thorough investigation of the relation between pretreatment and evolution of inter-/intra-molecular H-bonds in cellulose was conducted including content and cleave sequence of H-bonds by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), second derivative analysis and generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). The intermolecular H-bonds with the most significant decrease in content was cleaved first relative to the intramolecular H-bonds. These discoveries provide theoretical support to more effective pretreatment method for commercial production of fibrils from cellulosic fibers.
Application of a lateral intertubercular sulcus plate in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures: A finite element analysis and example in clinical practice
Authors: Li Dong , Lv WenXue , Chen WenMing , Meng Jing , Liu Song , Duan ZongKang , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Inversion deformities caused by insufficient medial support are especially common when the PHILOS locking plate is used to treat proximal humeral fractures. Using finite element analysis, the present study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of a PHILOS locking plate (PLP) and a PLP combined with a lateral intertubercular sulcus plate (PLP-LSP) in the fixation of proximal humeral fractures with loss of the medial column. We also present the results of a 69-year-old female patient with a comminuted fracture of the proximal right humerus (Neer type four-part fracture) who underwent successful surgical treatment with a PHILOS plate combined with an auxiliary lateral intertubercular sulcus plate. Methods: After creating a three-dimensional finite element model of a proximal humeral fracture with loss of the medial column, three implant models were established. A full-screw PLP was used in Group A, a PHILOS plate lacking medial screw support and an auxiliary plate (MPLP-LSP) was used in Group B, and a full-screw PLP-LSP was used in Group C. The three fixation models were applied to the proximal humeral fracture model, following which horizontal, compressive, and rotational loads were applied to the humerus model. We evaluated structural stiffness and stress distribution of the implant and compared displacement and angle changes among the three models. Results: Displacement and angle changes were smallest in Group C (PLP-LSP) compared to those in Group A and Group B. The implant model used in Group C also showed the highest structural rigidity, endured less von Misses stress, and had the strongest stability than that used in Group A and Group B. Conclusion: An LSP placed at the internodal grove not only aids in anatomical reduction but also provides effective lateral and medial support, thereby reducing stress on the PLP and providing better stability in patients with proximal humeral fractures.
Soft Multimedia Assisted New Energy Productive Landscape Design Based on Environmental Analysis and Edge-Driven Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ma Bin , Dong Yu , Liu Hongxiu , Cao Zixu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
New energy landscape architecture is a new energy building integrated with aesthetics and art design, which can meet people's dual needs of low energy consumption and architectural aesthetics. In recent years, the development speed of new energy landscape architecture is increasing, and the design and research of new energy landscape architecture has become a hot spot. In the era of media and information, the thinking mode, aesthetic concept and living space demand of the public and landscape architects are changing. The new values, aesthetics, technology and design concepts will always stimulate and promote the urban landscape design to constantly enrich itself. Therefore, it is a new exploration direction to shape new urban landscape design through multimedia technology. Multimedia technology uses computer to process text, graphics, images, sound, animation, video and other information to establish logical relationship and human-computer interaction. The virtual reality technology in multimedia integrates the latest development achievements of computer graphics, multimedia, artificial intelligence, multi-sensor, network, parallel processing and other technologies. Multimedia technology makes the color of the landscape form the most visual impact factors, it is easy to leave a deep impression on people, to achieve the visual effect of the landscape. Therefore, this paper studies the multimedia assisted landscape design of new energy production based on environmental analysis and artificial intelligence.
Excess Noise Factor in Avalanche Photodiodes with Dead Space Effect
Authors: Angadi Vignesh Reddy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This project aims to produce a graphical user interface (GUI) for MATLAB programs written by J.S.Marsland as part of his research into the excess noise factor in avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The GUI will be produced using the GUIDE package supplied with the MATLAB software combined with the MATLAB programs. The GUI will then be used to compare this research work with the research work of others e.g. the Monte Carlo calculations made by the research group at the French Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA). Comparison with other research work will require the digitization of some graphs published in academic journals.
Postoperative Care of Two Patients With End-stage Heart Disease Combined With Type a Aortic Dissection
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Cheng Yunqing , Kuang Juntao , Xie Xuejun , Huang Jinsong , Wu Yanfen , Lan Xueying , Fan Ruixin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHeart transplantation is a major method in the treatment of end-stage heart disease. Acute type A aortic dissection is a rare and life-threatening disease requiring emergency surgery. Although surgical treatment has achieved certain progress in terms of techniques and equipment in the recent years, the surgical mortality rate is still as high as 25%. It is very rare for patients with end-stage heart disease to simultaneously contract aortic dissection. This study will explore the main points of care after end-stage heart disease combined with aortic dissection.ResultsThe cold ischemic times of the donor heart of the two patients were 340 min and 361 min, and the cardiopulmonary bypass times were 381 min and 411 min. Both were successfully operated and discharged uneventfully. ConclusionsThe combination of heart transplantation with aortic dissection surgery is complicated and is prone to multiple postoperative complications. The nursing staff is required to master the main points of care after heart transplantation and aortic dissection, observe problems in a timely manner, intervene early, and promote the patient’s recovery.
Gaps in Evidence for the Use of Medically Authorized Cannabis: Ontario and Alberta, Canada
Authors: Lee Cerina , Round Jessica M , Klarenbach Scott , Hanlon John G , Hyshka Elaine , Dyck Jason R.B. , Eurich Dean T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

With legal access to medical cannabis in Canada since 2001, there is a need to fully characterize its use at both the individual and population-level. We draw on data from Canada’s largest cohort study of medical cannabis to identify the primary reasons for medical cannabis authorization in Canada from 2014–2019 in two major Provinces: Alberta (AB) and Ontario (ON); and review the extent that evidence supports each indication.
Methods

Self-reported outcomes were collected from adult patients in ON (n = 61835) and AB (n = 3410) who were authorized medical cannabis. At baseline, sociodemographic, primary medical information, and validated clinical questionnaires were completed by patients as part of an individual assessment. Patients’ reasons for seeking medical cannabis were compared to published reviews and guidelines to assess the level of evidence supporting medical cannabis use for each condition.
Results

Medical cannabis use in both AB and ON were similar in both demographic and reason for authorization. The most common reasons for medical cannabis authorization were: 1) pain (AB = 77%, ON = 76%) primarily due to chronic musculoskeletal, arthritic, and neuropathic pain, 2) mental health concerns (AB = 32.9%, ON = 38,7%) due to anxiety and depression, and 3) sleep problems (AB = 28%, ON = 25%). More than 50 other conditions were identified as reasons for obtaining authorization.
Conclusion

In both AB and ON, the majority of reasons for medical cannabis authorization are not substantiated by evidence to fully support its efficacy for long-term use. Ongoing epidemiological studies on medical cannabis on these treatments are warranted to fully outline its treatment benefits or risks.
Enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance by anodic communities adaptation and cathodic mixed nickel copper oxides (NiO-CuO) on graphene electrocatalyst
Authors: Khater Dena Z , Amin Rabab S , Zhran Monera O , El-Aziz Zeinab K Abd , Mahmoud Mohamed , Hassan Helmy M , El-Khatib Kamel M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mixed transition metal (Ni & Cu) oxides supported on graphene (NiO-CuO/G) electrocatalyst was fabricated and tested as an efficient and cost-effective cathode for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The electrocatalytic activity and selectivity of the NiO-CuO/G for ORR were examined using linear sweep voltammetry measurements (LSV) on a rotating disc electrode (RDE) in pH-neutral electrolyte. In comparison with a benchmark platinum cathode, the NiO-CuO/G showed high selectivity towards the ORR. The analysis of Koutecky-Levich relationship suggests that the electrocatalyst follows the four-electron ORR pathway. NiO-CuO/G cathode in an air-cathode MFC exhibited a slightly lower power density 21.25 mWm− 2 compared to 50.4 mW m− 2 for Pt/C. Both scanning and transmission electron microscope analyses of anodic biofilm showed that a thick biofilm was successfully developed with a rod-like shape. Biochemical characterization of the communities showed that four genera named Escherichia coli (E-coli), Shewanella putrefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus Thuringiensis/mycoides, which belonging to GammaProteobacteria and Firmicutesphylathatwerethe most abundant bacteria in the anodic biofilm. Our results revealed that NiO-CuO/G cathode demonstrates an enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward ORR in a pH-neutral solution; thus, the newly developed mixed transition metal oxides electrocatalyst can replace other expensive Pt-based catalysts for MFC application.
Time Series Trend and Variability Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall in West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Daniel , Mengistu Mesfin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe paper focus on time series trend and variability analysis of observed rainfall and temperature records from 16 stations during 1985-2015. ResultsBoth the summer and annual rainfall have an increasing trend but not statistically significant. Regards to variability, low to very high levels of variability were recorded according to the seasons and annual rainfall, whereas, moderate to extremely high levels of variability were observed. The result of the Mann Kendall test portrays that the mean minimum temperature was raised by 0.05 oC, while the maximum temperature was increased rose by 0.03 oC/30 years. The monthly maximum temperature also shows an increasing trend with the lowest record during August (22.05 oC) and the highest in the March (26.49 oC) except in the month of November and December. Similarly, an increasing trend was observed with a mean monthly minimum temperature with the lowest mean of 8.42Co in December and the highest mean of 11.12 oC recorded in April. Besides, a low level of variability was seen both in the case of minimum and maximum temperature were observed in all months. ConclusionsTherefore, since the observed trends of both temperature and total rainfall show abnormal shifts, there is an urgent need for policymakers to design systematic planning and management activities to rain-fed agriculture.
NEK5 Activity Regulates the Mesenchymal and Migratory Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Matossian Margarite , Elliott Steven , Hoang Van T. , Burks Hope E. , Wright Maryl K. , Alzoubi Madlin , Yan Thomas , Chang Tiffany , Wathieu Henri , Windsor Gabrielle , Hartono Alifiani Bo , Lee Sean , Zuercher William J. , Drewry David H. , Wells Carrow , Kapadia Nirav , Buechlein Aaron , Fang Fang , Nephew Kenneth P. , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer remains a prominent global disease affecting women worldwide despite the emergence of novel therapeutic regimens. Metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, and acquisition of a mesenchymal and migratory cancer cell phenotypes contributes to this devastating disease. The utilization of kinase targets in drug discovery have revolutionized the field of cancer research but despite impressive advancements in kinase-targeting drugs, a large portion of the human kinome remains under-studied in cancer. NEK5, a member of the Never-in-mitosis kinase family, is an example of such an understudied kinase. Here, we characterized the function of NEK5 in breast cancer. Methods: Stably overexpressing NEK5 cell lines (MCF-7) and shRNA knockdown cell lines (MDA-MB-231, TU-BcX-4IC) were utilized. Cell morphology changes were evaluated using immunofluorescence and quantification of cytoskeletal components. Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 staining and transwell migration assays tested cell migration capabilities. In vivo experiments with murine models were necessary to demonstrate NEK5 function in breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis. Results: NEK5 activation altered breast cancer cell morphology and promoted cell migration independent of effects on cell proliferation. NEK5 overexpression or knockdown does not alter tumor growth kinetics but promotes or suppresses metastatic potential in a cell type specific manner, respectively. Conclusion: While NEK5 activity modulated cytoskeletal changes and cell motility, NEK5 activity affected cell seeding capabilities but not metastatic colonization or proliferation in vivo. Here we characterized NEK5 function in breast cancer systems and we implicate NEK5 in regulating specific steps of metastatic progression.
RASopathies and Hemostatic Abnormalities: Key Role of Platelet Dysfunction
Authors: Francesca Di Candia , Valeria Marchetti , Ferdinando Cirillo , Alessandro Di Minno , Carmen Rosano , Stefano Pagano , Anna Siano Maria , Mariateresa Falco , Assunto Antonia , Boccia Giovanni , Magliacane Gerardo , Valentina Pinna , Alessandro De Luca , Marco Tartaglia , G Di Minno , Pietro Strisciuglio , Daniela Melis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Bleeding anomalies occur in patients affected by Noonan syndrome. No study has been performed in patients with molecularly confirmed RASopathy. We aimed to characterize the frequency and types of bleeding disorders in patients with RASopathies and evaluate any significant association with laboratory findings. Patients and methods: Forty-nine individuals (PTPN11, n=27; SOS1, n=7; RIT1, n=3; SPRED1, n=1; LZTR1, N=3; RAF1, n=2; BRAF, n=4; MEK1, n=1; MEK2, n=1), and 49 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The “Paediatric Bleeding Questionnaire Scoring Key” was administered to patients and families. Laboratory screening tests including clotting factors dosing, platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time, were employed both in patients and controls to characterize the bleeding diathesis. A subgroup of 29/49 patients and 29/49 controls was also tested for platelet function. Results: Regardless the gene involved, pathological bleeding scores were recorded in 14 (28.5%) patients. Among these, 7 were mutated in PTPN11 (26% of total cases with PTPN11 mutations), 3 in SOS1 (43%), 2 in RIT1 (67%), 1 in BRAF (25%), and 1 in MEK1. Compared to patients with normal bleeding scores, those with pathologic bleeding score showed higher prevalence of splenomegaly (p=0.006), prolonged aPTT (p = 0.04), lower levels of coagulation factor V (FV) (p = 0.001), factor VII (FVII) (p = 0.003), factor X (FX) (p = 0.0008) and factor XIII (FXIII) (p = 0.002), higher vWAg (p = 0.04), and lower platelet sensitivity to Ristocetin (p = 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA) (p = 0.009) and collagen (p = 0.01). The presence of hematomas inversely correlated with FV (p = 0.002), FVII (p = 0.003), FX (p = 0.002) and FXIII (p = 0.004) levels, and directly correlated with platelet response to collagen (p = 0.02) and AA (p = 0.01). The presence of splenomegaly directly correlated with occurrence of hematoma (p=0.006), platelet response to Ristocetin (p = 0.04) and AA (p = 0.04), and inversely correlated with FV levels (p = 0.03).Conclusions: Patients with RASopaties and a bleeding tendency exhibit multiple coagulation-related laboratory abnormalities, including platelet-related disorders. Splenomegaly is frequently detected and might be a suggestive sign for qualitative platelet dysfunction. A comprehensive clinical assessment should be carried out at diagnosis, during the follow-up and before any surgical procedures. Since there is currently no consensus on management of bleeding complications, it is important that physicians closely monitor these patients.
What Determinants Are Needed to Hookah Smoking Control: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Heyrani Ali , mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Ghanbarnezhad Amin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There is evidence that HS is correlated with severe diseases. The present research aims to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control in Bandar Abbas city in the south of Iran.Method: This study is the first qualitative conventional content analysis of the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control between 2018 and 2019. The participants were 62 in number (21 women with a history of failed cessation, 20 with successful cessation and 21 experts in tobacco consumption control) were selected purposively to take part in a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was followed and the interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data analysis.Results: The participants. Overall, 5 main themes were extracted: Employing trusted influentials to address HS, Controlling HS by alternative services, Changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, Executing administrative and regulatory measures, Facilitating HS cessation.Conclusion: The results revealed that the key determinants of controlling hookah smoking are wide and varied. They are also multi-dimensional and include different environmental, social and political factors. Controlling hookah smoking can be only effective when all individual, inter-individual, social, political and organizational determinants are considered.
Mathematical Validation of Measurement of Root Fracture Resistance: An in Vitro Study.
Authors: Bagheri Rafat , Abbaszadegan Abbas , Nabavizadeh Mohammad R , Ferooz Maryam , Parashos Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to develop a mathematically valid method of assessing fracture resistance of roots. The model developed used mesial roots of lower molars instrumented using stainless steel hand files (SS) and two rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods: Eighty human lower molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=20). After instrumentation, the root canals were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha. The roots were covered with a simulated periodontal ligament and mounted vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic in PVC tubes. Using a universal testing machine, the force to fracture (N) was applied and the maximum load (FL) was recorded. Remaining dentin volume was calculated and the fracture resistance (FR) was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with P < .05.Results: There were no significant differences among the instrumentation methods for FL but in FR the roots instrumented using rotary NiTi showed significantly lower values than control groups and SS files (P <0.001). Conclusions: Considering the effect of root length, volume of the root, and volume of the instrumented canal as well as the maximum failure load may be a more objective method of reporting fracture resistance of roots.