bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in texture qualities and pectin characteristics of fermented minced pepper during natural and inoculated fermentation process
Authors: Xu Haishan , Chen Yuyu , Ding Shenghua , Qin Yeyou , Jiang Liwen , Zhou Hui , Deng Fangming , Wang Rongrong 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTexture qualities and pectin characteristics in fermented minced pepper (FMP) prepared by natural fermentation (NF) and inoculated fermentation (IF) were analysed during fermentation. The results showed variation in texture qualities and pectin characteristics was similar during NF and IF process. The hardness, cell wall material, sodium carbonate‐soluble pectin (SSP) and chelate‐soluble pectin (CSP) content, and CSP esterification degree decreased, while water‐soluble pectin (WSP) content significantly (P < 0.05) increased after fermentation. The rhamnose (Rha) molar ratio in three pectins increased, but arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal) molar ratios in most pectins decreased after fermentation. Changes in Ara/Gal and (Gal + Ara)/Rha ratios represented the backbone and branched chains of rhamnogalacturonan‐I in three pectins depolymerised during fermentation. The decrease of molecular weight (Mw) in CSP was more obvious than that in WSP and SSP, and it was extensively depolymerised into low‐Mw pectin after fermentation. Pearson's correlation analysis showed FMP hardness was extremely (P < 0.01) positively correlated with CSP content and significantly (P < 0.05) positively correlated with SSP content and CSP Mw. Hence, CSP was the main pectin to affect texture compared with WSP and SSP, and its characteristics played a crucial role for regulating FMP texture during NF and IF process.
Circ_0002984 induces proliferation, migration and inflammation response of VSMCs induced by ox‐LDL through miR‑326‐3p/VAMP3 axis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Ruogu , Jiang Qiliang , Zheng Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis can result in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been reported as significant non‐coding RNAs in atherosclerosis progression. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in atherosclerosis. However, up to now, the effect of circ_0002984 in atherosclerosis is still unknown. Currently, we aimed to investigate the function of circ_0002984 in VSMCs incubated by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). Firstly, our findings indicated that the expression levels of circ_0002984 were significantly up‐regulated in the serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox‐LDL‐incubated VSMCs. Loss of circ_0002984 suppressed VSMC viability, cell cycle distribution and migration capacity. Then, we carried out ELISA assay to determine TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. The data implied that lack of circ_0002984 obviously repressed ox‐LDL–stimulated VSMC inflammation. Meanwhile, miR‐326‐3p, which was predicted as a target of circ_0002984, was obviously down‐regulated in VSMCs treated by ox‐LDL. Additionally, after overexpression circ_0002984 in VSMCs, a decrease in miR‐326‐3p was observed. Subsequently, miR‐326‐3p was demonstrated to target vesicle‐associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3). Therefore, we hypothesized that circ_0002984 could modulate expression of VAMP3 through sponging miR‐326‐3p. Furthermore, we confirmed that up‐regulation of miR‐326‐3p rescued the circ_0002984 overexpressing‐mediated effects on VMSC viability, migration and inflammation. Additionally, miR‐326‐3p inhibitor‐mediated functions on VSMCs were reversed by knockdown of VAMP3. In conclusion, circ_0002984 mediated cell proliferation, migration and inflammation through modulating miR‐326‐3p and VAMP3 in VSMCs, which suggested that circ_0002984 might hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
Visceral adiposity as a risk factor for lean non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in potential living liver donors
Authors: Lee Sunyoung , Kim Kyoung Won , Lee Jeongjin , Park Taeyong , Khang Seungwoo , Jeong Heeryeol , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatic steatosis (HS) evaluated by biopsy and visceral adiposity assessed by computed tomography in lean living liver donor candidates and to determine the risk factors for lean non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThis retrospective study included 250 lean (body mass index, < 23 kg/m2) potential living liver donors (mean age, 31.1 ± 8.6 years; 141 men) who had undergone liver biopsy and abdominal computed tomography between 2017 and 2018. Anthropometry, laboratory parameters, body composition, and the degree of HS were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of lean NAFLD.ResultsThe visceral fat area (VFA) was significantly correlated with the degree of HS in men (r = 0.408; P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.360; P < 0.001). The subcutaneous fat area was significantly correlated with the degree of HS in men (r = 0.398; P < 0.001), but not in women. The skeletal muscle area did not correlate with the degree of HS in either men or women. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the VFA (odds ratio [OR], 1.028; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.013–1.044; P < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat area (OR, 1.016; 95% CI, 1.004–1.028; P = 0.009) were independent risk factors for lean NAFLD in men, and the VFA (OR, 1.036; 95% CI, 1.013–1.059; P = 0.002) was an independent risk factor for lean NAFLD in women.ConclusionsThe severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver was positively correlated with visceral fat accumulation in a lean Asian population. Visceral adiposity may be a risk factor for lean NAFLD in potential living liver donors.
Engineering broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant rice by editing multiple susceptibility genes
Authors: Tao Hui , Shi Xuetao , He Feng , Wang Dan , Xiao Ning , Fang Hong , Wang Ruyi , Zhang Fan , Wang Min , Li Aihong , Liu Xionglun , Wang Guo‐Liang , Ning Yuese 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTRice blast and bacterial blight are important diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), respectively. Breeding rice varieties for broad‐spectrum resistance is considered the most effective and sustainable approach to controlling both diseases. Although dominant resistance genes have been extensively used in rice breeding and production, generating disease‐resistant varieties by altering susceptibility (S) genes that facilitate pathogen compatibility remains unexplored. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated loss‐of‐function mutants of the S genes Pi21 and Bsr‐d1 and showed that they had increased resistance to M. oryzae. We also generated a knockout mutant of the S gene Xa5 that showed increased resistance to Xoo. Remarkably, a triple mutant of all three S genes had significantly enhanced resistance to both M. oryzae and Xoo. Moreover, the triple mutant was comparable to the wild type in regard to key agronomic traits, including plant height, effective panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand‐grain weight. These results demonstrate that the simultaneous editing of multiple S genes is a powerful strategy for generating new rice varieties with broad‐spectrum resistance.
Risk of anticholinergic burden in adults with intellectual disabilities: a Scottish retrospective cohort study of n = 17 220
Authors: Ward L. M. , Stanley B. , Greenlaw N. , Cooper S.‐A. , Pacitti C. , Henderson A. , Gibson J. , Kinnear D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral drugs have anticholinergic side effects that are associated with adverse health outcomes. Anticholinergic burden studies in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have focused exclusively on older adults. This study investigates anticholinergic burden and its associations in adults with ID of all ages (17–94 years).MethodsAdults with ID (n = 4 305), each with three general population age–sex–neighbourhood‐matched controls (n = 12 915), were linked to their prescribed medications with anticholinergic effects between 2009 and 2017. Analyses were undertaken using logistic regression models.ResultsAdults with ID were more likely to be prescribed any anticholinergic medicines, odds ratio (OR) = 1.49 (1.38–1.59), especially ‘very strong’ risk medicines, OR = 2.59 (2.39–2.81); 48.5% had very high total anticholinergic burden (3+) compared with 35.4% of the general population, OR = 1.77 (1.64–1.90). This group difference was greater for males, OR = 2.02 (1.84–2.22), than females, OR = 1.48 (1.33–1.65). Adults with ID had significantly higher odds of having very high total anticholinergic burden up to 75 years old, with the greatest group effect occurring in younger ages, 17‐24‐year‐olds, OR = 3.05 (2.39–3.89), and the extent of the difference decreased as age increased. The main effect of neighbourhood deprivation showed greater group differences with increasing affluence of neighbourhood. Results examining only the ID group showed that very high total anticholinergic burden was greatest for females, OR = 1.21 (1.07–1.37), and those over age 55, and extent of neighbourhood deprivation was not significant.ConclusionsAdults with ID are at higher risk of anticholinergic burden than the general population, especially young adults. Overall anticholinergic burden increased with age, but burden was high across all ages in the ID group. Very high total anticholinergic burden is prevalent across all types of neighbourhoods for the adults with ID, in contrast to the steeper gradient seen in the general population. Adults with ID have increased likelihood of unintended adverse effects, regardless of potential confounds, so clinicians undertaking medication reviews need to consider anticholinergic side effects and cumulative burden across concomitant medications, including in young adults with ID, not just older adults, and particularly women.
Phase 2a randomized controlled study investigating the safety and efficacy of PDA‐002 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Gibbons Christopher H. , Zhu Junhong , Zhang Xiaokui , Habboubi Nassir , Hariri Robert , Veves Aristidis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeuropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, with no effective therapy to alter the inevitable progression of nerve damage. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stroma cell‐like populations, that are characterized as immune modulators also have the potential of inducing angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth, might be useful in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell‐like product (PDA‐002) in treating DPN. A phase‐2 randomized placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in 26 patients with DPN. Treatment consisted of three rounds of intramuscular injections in one lower limb using one of the three randomized treatment arms PDA‐002 (low‐dose 3 × 106 cells), PDA‐002 (high‐dose 30 × 106 cells), or placebo. Three treatments per patient occurred on days 1, 29, and 57. Study endpoints included efficacy and safety of PDA‐002 in treating DPN in both lower extremities following unilateral local injection. Outcome measures included intra‐epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) up to 1 year from the day of treatment with 6‐month as the primary outcome measurement. In this phase 2 study of DPN, PDA‐002 was well tolerated in both doses. No significant changes were noted in IENFD in both the treated and untreated leg in the NIS‐LL, NTSS‐6, or UENS. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a novel mechanism for treating diabetic neuropathy and are well tolerated. Preliminary results highlight the need of further investigation of PDA‐001 as a disease modifying agent for treatment of DPN.
Update on management of keloid and hypertrophic scars: A systemic review
Authors: Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerous therapeutic strategies have been described for prevention and reduction of hypertrophic scars and keloids, but none of the treatments is effective in all patients. No universal consensus in treatment regimen has been established, and there is limited evidence‐based literature to guide the correct management. The process of scar development is complex and requires deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause their development and recurrences. Despite many available modes of targeting keloid and hypertrophic scars, yet they remain an ongoing challenge to patients and clinicians. To date, no one therapy has been universally accepted as the gold standard for the treatment of all excessive scars nor has the capability of complete scar resolution The search of literature included peer‐reviewed articles including clinical trials and scientific reviews. Literature was identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed) through May 2021 and references of respective articles and only the articles published in English language were included.
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the mandible – A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rizvi Ali , Blackburn Tim K. , Betts Guy N. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumour that can occur in a wide variety of anatomical sites including the liver, lungs, skin, bone and is rarely reported in the oral cavity. The condition is classified as a tumour of intermediate malignancy as, in contrast to other types of haemangioendothelioma, EHE can result in distant metastasis and the death of the patient. Due to the minimal number of cases reported of individuals diagnosed with EHE, no definitive data on different treatment options exist and complete excision with follow up and consideration of adjuvant radiotherapy is the universal treatment option. This case report highlights the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of a 25‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with EHE arising within the mandible. The article also presents the published literature of documented cases of mandibular and maxillary EHE.
Reference genomes of the two cultivated jute species
Authors: Zhang Lilan , Ma Xiaokai , Zhang Xingtan , Xu Yi , Ibrahim Aminu Kurawa , Yao Jiayu , Huang Huaxing , Chen Shuai , Liao Zhenyang , Zhang Qing , Niyitanga Sylvain , Yu Jiaxin , Liu Yi , Xu Xiuming , Wang Jingjing , Tao Aifen , Xu Jiantang , Chen Siyuan , Yang Xin , He Qingyao , Lin Lihui , Fang Pingping , Zhang Liemei , Ming Ray , Qi Jianmin , Zhang Liwu 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCultivated jute, which comprises the two species Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius, is the second most important natural fibre source after cotton. Here we describe chromosome‐level assemblies of the genomes of both cultivated species. The C. capsularis and C. olitorius assemblies are each comprised of seven pseudo‐chromosomes, with the C. capsularis assembly consisting of 336 Mb with 25,874 genes and the C. olitorius assembly containing 361 Mb with 28 479 genes. Although the two Corchorus genomes exhibit collinearity, the genome of C. olitorius contains 25 Mb of additional sequences than that of C. capsularis with 13 putative inversions, which might give a hint to the difference of phenotypic variants between the two cultivated jute species. Analysis of gene expression in isolated fibre tissues reveals candidate genes involved in fibre development. Our analysis of the population structures of 242 cultivars from C. capsularis and 57 cultivars from C. olitorius by whole‐genome resequencing resulted in post‐domestication bottlenecks occurred ~2000 years ago in these species. We identified hundreds of putative significant marker‐trait associations (MTAs) controlling fibre fineness, cellulose content and lignin content of fibre by integrating data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) with data from analyses of selective sweeps due to natural and artificial selection in these two jute species. Among them, we further validated that CcCOBRA1 and CcC4H1 regulate fibre quality in transgenic plants via improving the biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall. Our results yielded important new resources for functional genomics research and genetic improvement in jute and allied fibre crops.
Experimental warming across a tropical forest canopy height gradient reveals minimal photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation
Authors: Carter Kelsey R. , Wood Tana E. , Reed Sasha C. , Butts Kaylie M. , Cavaleri Molly A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTropical forest canopies cycle vast amounts of carbon, yet we still have a limited understanding of how these critical ecosystems will respond to climate warming. We implemented in situ leaf‐level + 3°C experimental warming from the understory to the upper canopy of two Puerto Rican tropical tree species, Guarea guidonia and Ocotea sintenisii. After approximately 1 month of continuous warming, we assessed adjustments in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, leaf traits and foliar respiration. Warming did not alter net photosynthetic temperature response for either species; however, the optimum temperature of Ocotea understory leaf photosynthetic electron transport shifted upward. There was no Ocotea respiratory treatment effect, while Guarea respiratory temperature sensitivity (Q10) was down‐regulated in heated leaves. The optimum temperatures for photosynthesis (Topt) decreased 3–5°C from understory to the highest canopy position, perhaps due to upper canopy stomatal conductance limitations. Guarea upper canopy Topt was similar to the mean daytime temperatures, while Ocotea canopy leaves often operated above Topt. With minimal acclimation to warmer temperatures in the upper canopy, further warming could put these forests at risk of reduced CO2 uptake, which could weaken the overall carbon sink strength of this tropical forest.
Citizenship as a Form of Anticipatory Obedience? Implications of Preventive Health Policy in Germany
Authors: Ewert Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

This article scrutinizes citizenship implications in the field of preventive health policy in Germany. While at first glance prevention policies seem fairly uncontroversial, they have intricate links concerning the impact on preventive policies to social citizenship and to the notion of the “good” citizen. I argue that prevention is a future‐oriented permanent task that requires constant alertness and the commitment of responsible citizens to being “ahead of time.” Although originally based on the principles of voluntary compliance and self‐responsibility in Germany, preventive policies are likely to become more compulsory in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic that has, in effect, been a collective crash course on the importance of prevention and its range of policy tools. Under the prevention paradigm, active citizenship requires anticipatory action—that may turn into obedience—due to the imminent danger of assumed health risks.Related Articles in this Special IssueBarrault‐Stella, Lorenzo, and Thomas Douniès. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Citizenship as a Tool of Government in Europe.” Politics & Policy 49 (4).Haapajärvi, Linda. 2021. “On the Importance of Playing House: Belonging‐Work and the Making of Relational Citizens in Finnish Immigrant Integration Policies.” Politics & Policy 49 (4).Mioni, Michele. 2021. “The ‘Good Citizen’ as ‘Respectable Worker:' State, Unemployment, and Social Policy in the United Kingdom and Italy, 1930 to 1950.” Politics & Policy 49 (4).
Rethinking Climate Change Leadership: An Analysis of the Ambitiousness of State GHG Targets
Authors: Glasgow Derek , Zhao Shuang , Rai Saatvika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTraditionally, diffusion policy scholars sought to understand state climate change policy leadership by exploring the speed of policy adoption. This study moves beyond these approaches by exploring factors that influence adoption as well as those that influence the content of a policy or policy goal intensity. Through the exploration of the first “wave” of state GHG reduction targets during the early 2000s, we create an innovative policy commitment variable that standardizes state emissions targets and explores the specific factors influencing these mitigation goals. Our results suggest that internal political factors (Democratic control of the legislature), lower state carbon dioxide emissions and dependency on coal production increases the likelihood of target adoption. However, the degree of GHG reduction commitments (content) are dependent on both internal and external factors, such as neighboring states adoption, carbon dioxide emission levels, citizen ideology, environmental interest groups, natural gas production and solar energy potential. These results support the growing literature on differentiating adoption and the content of a policy when analyzing the spread of policy ideas. Additionally, it suggests the limitations of states as climate leaders.
Drainage and environmental evolution across the Permo–Triassic boundary in the south‐east Germanic Basin (north‐east Bavaria)
Authors: Ravidà Domenico C. G. , Caracciolo Luca , Henares Saturnina , Janßen Meike , Stollhofen Harald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe identification of the factors triggering continental environmental changes at the Permian–Triassic transition is of general interest as they allow a better understanding of the most controversial mass extinction of the Phanerozoic. This study investigates the environmental response to external forcings on continental successions at the south‐east‐margin of the Central European Basin System in Germany. Studies from this area are scarce, and its evolution is poorly understood. This work integrates high‐resolution core‐logging and quantitative sedimentary petrography of Middle Permian–Early Triassic successions recovered from the wells Obernsees‐1 and Lindau‐1. The sedimentological investigation reveals major vertical variations in the depositional settings marked by changes in grain‐size trends and facies associations: (i) the progradation of mass flow/fluvial fans over sandflat environments denotes the Guadalupian–Lopingian; (ii) sabkha to shallow‐marine conditions occur during the uppermost Permian; (iii) the onset of braided fluvial sequences marks the Permian–Triassic boundary; (iv) changes in fluvial style, reflecting increased river sinuosity, and aeolian deposition characterize the remaining Triassic. Environmental changes are accentuated by variations in sediment composition. Proximal deposits (for example, alluvial fan) are lithic arkoses, while more distal associations reveal arkosic composition. Detrital modes point to: (i) a high‐grade metamorphic source feeding the drainage of Lindau‐1 (metamorphic index, MI 441–500); and (ii) a mixed low‐grade and high‐grade metamorphic source (MI 277–395) feeding the Permian of Obernsees‐1, passing upward to high‐grade metamorphic (MI 441–500) and subordinate granitoid sources. Compositional signatures and environmental changes suggest distinct drainage evolutions regulated by upstream climate and tectonic controls. The higher plutonic clast content coeval to the onset of fluvial sedimentation and coarse‐grained influxes reflects local tectonic perturbations attributed to the Early Triassic reactivation of Variscan faults. The evidence of perennial fluvial systems during the lowermost Triassic reflects wetter climate conditions in the upstream catchment area, which contradicts the common view of increased aridity at the Permian–Triassic boundary.