bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet milling characteristics of export commodity corn originating from different international geographical locations
Authors: Bhatia Gitanshu , Juneja Ankita , Bekal Sadia , Singh Vijay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesSoft endosperm corn has better wet milling characteristics but is susceptible to breakage and fracture during transport. The objective of this study is to compare the millability of commodity corn with different endosperm hardness originating from different parts of the world and its economic impact on importers of corn for wet milling.FindingsUS commodity corn generally has a soft endosperm hardness compared to corn from South America as the observed broken corn and foreign material was 0.4–3.4% and higher than other commodity corn exported to the same country. US corn exported to different international markets showed 4–5% higher starch yield compared to South American corn exported to the same market. This translates to an additional revenue of 6.5–9 million USD/year for a 2540 MT/day wet mill plant. [Correction added on 13 April 2021, after first online publication: The value of yield corrected from 100 to 2540.]ConclusionsThe US commodity corn, despite higher breakage, has superior millability and gives higher starch yields compared to corn from other geographies resulting in improved profitability of corn wet milling plants.Significance and noveltyCommodity corn has varying endosperm hardness depending on geography of origin which impacts wet mill starch yield. Corn physical properties were used as an indicator for determining endosperm hardness.
Trennfunktion für den stationären Siebprozess
Authors: Teipel Ulrich , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEs wird eine neue Trennfunktion T(x, α′, β) für den stationären Siebprozesses vorgestellt. Sie ist eine Funktion der Partikelgröße x, der Trennschärfe α′ und der neue eingeführten Trenneffizienz β. Mit der neuen Trennfunktion kann der Siebklassierprozess sehr gut beschrieben werden, insb. im Fein‐ und Grobgutbereich ist eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den Messwerten zu beobachten. Ein Vergleich der Trennfunktionen berechnet mit dem Trennschärfeparameter α′ und der Trenneffizienz β zu den Trennfunktionen, die nur mit α′ ermittelt wurden, zeigt, dass durch T(x, α′, β) eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Charakterisierung des stationären Siebklassierprozesses möglich ist. Das neue Modell der Trennfunktion T(x, α′, β) liefert eine wesentlich bessere Übereinstimmung mit den Messwerten als andere Modelle und ist somit zur Beschreibung einer Trennfunktion für den stationären Siebprozess sehr gut geeignet ist.
Ammoniumnitrat – Dünger, Sprengstoff, Gasgenerator
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAmmoniumnitrat (AN) ist eine extrem vielseitige Substanz, deren Anwendungsgebiet vom künstlichen Stickstoffdünger über Gasgenerator in Airbags bis hin zu granulierten oder emulgierten Sprengstoffen reicht. Obwohl AN prinzipiell sehr sicher zu handhaben ist, gab es doch eine Vielzahl von katastrophalen Unfällen in der jüngeren Geschichte (1921–2020), da die Substanz zwar nicht explosionsgefährlich ist, wohl aber (unter bestimmten Umständen und besonders in Zusammenhang mit oxidierbaren Verunreinigungen) explosionsfähig. Mit Der sichere Einsatz von AN‐basierten zivilen Sprengstoffen im Berg‐ und Tunnelbau sowie beim Einsatz in Bohrlöchern und Steinbrüchen hat nicht nur das Leben vieler Arbeiter erleichtert und sicherer gemacht, sondern auch zahlreiche Anwendungen erst ermöglicht. Die Anwendung von Ammoniumnitrat als Bestandteil von Düngemitteln ist ein Segen für die Menschheit, da es Milliarden Menschen vor dem Hungertod und großen Hungersnöten bewahrt hat.
Epoxymicranthols A—N, 5,9‐Epoxygrayanane Diterpenoids as Potent Analgesics from Rhododendron micranthum
Authors: Jin Pengfei , Yuan Xinghua , Ma Xiaomin , Zheng Guijuan , Wang Ru , Sun Na , Yao Guangmin 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionFifteen 5,9‐epoxygrayanane diterpenoids (1—15) including fourteen new ones, epoxymicranthols A—N (1—14), were isolated from the leaves extract of Rhododendron micranthum. Their structures were elucidated via extensive spectroscopic methods and 13C NMR‐DP4+ analysis, and the absolute configurations of 1, 3—10, 14, and 15 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Epoxymicranthols A—C (1—3) represent the first examples of 14α‐hydroxygrayanane diterpenoids, and epoxymicranthols C—F (3—6) are the first examples of 10β‐hydroxy‐5,9‐epoxygrayanane diterpenoids. Meanwhile, epoxymicranthols K (11) and N (14) represent the first examples of 13‐hydroxy‐5,9‐epoxygrayanane and 5,9‐epoxygrayan‐3‐one diterpenoids, respectively. All the diterpenoids (1—15) were assayed for their analgesic activities, and all of them exhibited significant analgesic activities at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg. Among them, compounds 2, 7, 8, and 10 also exhibited significant analgesic activities even at lower doses of 1.0 and 0.2 mg/kg. More importantly, epoxymicranthol G (7) still expressed potent analgesic activity at a lower dose of 0.04 mg/kg. A preliminary structure‐activity relationship for the analgesic effects of 5,9‐epoxygrayanane diterpenoids 1—15 is discussed. These results not only enlarged the structural diversity of 5,9‐epoxygrayanane diterpenoids, but also provided a basis to develop novel potent analgesics.
Mean‐Field and Classical Limit for the N‐Body Quantum Dynamics with Coulomb Interaction
Authors: Golse François , Paul Thierry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proves the validity of the joint mean‐field and classical limit of the bosonic quantum N‐body dynamics leading to the pressureless Euler‐Poisson system for factorized initial data whose first marginal has a monokinetic Wigner measure. The interaction potential is assumed to be the repulsive Coulomb potential. The validity of this derivation is limited to finite time intervals on which the Euler‐Poisson system has a smooth solution that is rapidly decaying at infinity. One key ingredient in the proof is an inequality taken from S. Serfaty (Duke Math. J. 169 (2020), 2887–2935) ).© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
From decision to action: Suicidal history and time between decision to die and actual suicide attempt
Authors: Paashaus Laura , Forkmann Thomas , Glaesmer Heide , Juckel Georg , Rath Dajana , Schönfelder Antje , Teismann Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA substantial proportion of suicide attempts seem to be realized in a sudden manner. However, it is unclear how suicide attempters showing a rapid transition from the decision to die to acting differ from suicide attempters showing a slower transition regarding their suicidal history. The main aim of this study was to determine the proportion of suicide attempters, who reported a rapid transition (≤5, ≤10, ≤180 min) between their decision to die and their actual attempt. Furthermore, attempter groups (≤ vs. >5, ≤ vs. >10 and ≤ vs. >180 min) were compared regarding suicidal history (ideation, plans, and number of lifetime as well as 12 month suicide attempts) as well as depression, hopelessness and trait impulsivity. In total, 118 inpatients (62.7% female; age: M = 38.71, SD = 14.71) hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt were assessed using structured clinical interview measures assessing suicidal history and self‐report instruments. Thirty‐six percent reported a time period of ≤5 min, 44% a time period of ≤10 min and 73% a time period of ≤180 min between their decision to die and their attempt. Participants with a rapid transition (≤5, ≤10, ≤180 min) did not differ from participants with a slower transition (>5, >10, >180 min) regarding suicidal history, depression, hopelessness and trait impulsivity. Taken together, a rapid transition seems common, but nevertheless, rapidly realized suicide attempts cannot necessarily be characterized as impulsive.
The effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through cognitive emotion regulation strategies and specific obsessive–compulsive symptoms in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Rajabi Khamesi Shiva , Najafi Mahmoud , Khosravani Vahid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChildhood maltreatment is thought to be associated with suicidality in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clear, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) and the specific OC symptoms including unacceptable obsessional thoughts (UOTs) and responsibility for harm (RFH) may underlie this link. Accordingly, the study aimed to assess the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through UOTs, RFH and adaptive and maladaptive CERSs in OCD patients. Three hundred patients meeting a DSM‐5 diagnosis of OCD were selected and completed the scales measuring childhood maltreatment, OCD, suicidality and depressive symptoms. After controlling for depressive symptoms and OCD severity, childhood maltreatment was shown to affect suicidal ideation directly. Also, the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation was mediated by adaptive CERSs, UOTs and RFH. The findings show that OCD patients with a history of childhood maltreatment, less use of adaptive CERSs and the experiences of UOTs and RFH should be carefully considered regarding suicidal risk.
Preliminary investigation of family caregiver burden and oral care provided to homebound older patients
Authors: Ohara Yuki , Iwasaki Masanori , Motokawa Keiko , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesFamily caregivers play an important role in maintaining the oral health of homebound older adults. Thus, this preliminary study investigated family caregivers' burdens and the oral care they provide to homebound older patients.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed to 230 family caregivers of homebound older patients. We used the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J‐ZBI) to measure caregiver burden. The cut‐off score for the J‐ZBI was 21 points. Caregivers with a care burden score below 21 points formed the mild group, while those scoring 21 points or more were included in the moderate/severe group. The differences between the groups were examined. The implementation status of oral care was assessed by the amount of time caregivers spent providing oral care and related concerns. The degree of independence for homebound older patients was measured using the Barthel Index. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with the severity of caregiver burden.ResultsA total of 114 caregivers returned the questionnaires by mail (response rate: 49.6%). The moderate/severe care burden group represented 80.7% of the caregivers. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of patient independence and time spent performing oral care were significantly associated with the severity of caregiver burden.ConclusionsThe results show that family caregivers experiencing high caregiver burden spent less time providing oral care than caregivers who reported less caregiver burden. Thus, support for oral health management provided by oral health professionals is considered necessary for family with a high caregiver burden of homebound older patients.
A systematic review of adherence to physical activity interventions in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: MacDonald Christopher S. , Ried‐Larsen Mathias , Soleimani Jalal , Alsawas Mouaz , Lieberman Daniel E. , Ismail Abdalla S. , Serafim Laura P. , Yang Ting , Prokop Larry , Joyner Michael , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Barwise Amelia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLifestyle interventions are pivotal for successful management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the proportion of people with T2D adhering to physical activity advice has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence on adherence to exercise or physical activity components in lifestyle interventions in those with T2D. We searched MEDLINE EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus on 12 November 2019. Eligible studies enrolled adults with T2D and reported the proportion of adherence to lifestyle interventions as a primary or secondary outcome. We included 11 studies (nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 1717 patients and two nonrandomised studies enrolling 62 patients). Only one of the studies had low risk of bias. The proportion of participants adhering to physical activity varied from 32% to 100% with a median of 58%. Adherence was higher in interventions using supervised training and lowest in interventions using remote coaching and the adherence rate in observational studies was higher compared to RCTs (92% vs. 55%; p < 0.01). Study duration, risk of bias, or participants' sex, were not associated with adherence to physical activity. The proportion of those with T2D adhering to physical activity interventions for T2D varies widely and most of the included studies had a high risk of bias. These findings have important implications for planning and power analysis of future trials and when counselling patients about lifestyle interventions including physical activity or exercise components.
A systematic review of interventions to support transitions from intensive treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa and/or their carers
Authors: Bryan Danielle Clark , Cardi Valentina , Willmott Daniel , Teehan Eimear Eileen , Rowlands Katie , Treasure Janet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimIn the short term, intensive treatment focusing on restoring weight for anorexia nervosa can remediate many symptoms. However, there is a high level of relapse after discharge. This paper examines interventions developed to bridge the transition from intensive to less intensive forms of treatment for adult anorexia nervosa.MethodWe undertook a systematic review of the literature on interventions aimed at providing transition support. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication was used to describe components of the transition interventions. Patient's drop‐out rates, weight, eating disorder psychopathology and mood data were extracted at end of treatment and follow‐up to describe preliminary efficacy.ResultsFourteen studies were selected: nine used psychological interventions delivered through face‐to‐face talking therapy or guided self‐help, three examined the use of fluoxetine and two assessed stepped‐care approaches. Transition support was delivered to patients in 11 studies, to patients and carers in two studies, and carers alone in another study.ConclusionsThere was a great heterogeneity in the content and structure of the transition interventions evaluated. Overall, drop‐out rates were lower for psychological support than pharmacological interventions or stepped‐care approaches. Changes in eating disorder outcomes and mood were small to moderate throughout for studies that included a comparison group.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus HF10 (canerpaturev) promotes accumulation of CD8+PD‐1− tumor‐infiltrating T cells in PD‐L1‐enriched tumor microenvironment
Authors: Eissa Ibrahim Ragab , Mukoyama Nobuaki , Abdelmoneim Mohamed , Naoe Yoshinori , Matsumura Shigeru , Bustos‐Villalobos Itzel , Ichinose Toru , Miyajima Noriyuki , Morimoto Daishi , Tanaka Maki , Fujimoto Yasushi , Sone Michihiko , Kodera Yasuhiro , Kasuya Hideki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOncolytic viruses (OVs) remodel the tumor microenvironment by switching a “cold” tumor into a “hot” tumor with high CD8+ T‐cell infiltration. CD8+ T‐cell activity plays an essential role in the antitumor efficacy of OVs. However, the activity of T cells is impaired by the programmed cell death protein‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) interaction. To date, it remains unclear why OVs alone have a significant antitumor activity even when PD‐L1 expression persists on tumor or immune cells. In this study, we found that canerpaturev (C‐REV) treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth, even though it induced a significant increase in PD‐L1 expression in tumors in vivo as well as persistence of high PD‐L1 expression on antigen‐presenting cells (macrophage and dendritic cells [DCs]). Surprisingly, we observed that C‐REV treatment increased the abundance of activated CD8+PD‐1− tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor on both the injected and contralateral sides, although infiltration of CD8+PD‐1high TILs into the tumor was observed in the control group. Moreover, the difference in PD‐1 expression was observed only in tumors after treatment with C‐REV, whereas most CD8+ T cells in the spleen, tumor‐draining lymph nodes and blood were PD‐1‐negative, and this did not change after C‐REV treatment. In addition, changes in expression of T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 and T‐cell immune‐receptor with Ig and ITIM domains were not observed on CD8+ TILs after C‐REV treatment. Taken together, our findings may reveal mechanisms that allow OVs to trigger an antitumor immune response, irrespective of a PD‐L1‐enriched tumor microenvironment, by recruitment of CD8+PD‐1− TILs.
Noninvasive prognostic biomarker potential of quantifying the propeptides of Type XI collagen alpha‐1 chain (PRO‐C11) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nissen Neel Ingemann , Kehlet Stephanie , Johansen Astrid Z. , Chen Inna M. , Karsdal Morten , Johansen Julia S. , Diab Hadi M. H. , Jørgensen Lars N. , Sun Shu , Manon‐Jensen Tina , He Yi , Langholm Lasse , Willumsen Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType XI collagen has been associated with tumor fibrosis and aggressiveness in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The propeptide on Type XI collagen is released into the circulation after proteolytic processing at either amino acid 253 or 511. This allows for a noninvasive biomarker approach to quantify Type XI collagen production. We developed two ELISA‐based biomarkers, targeting the two enzymatic cleavage sites (PRO‐C11‐253 and PRO‐C11‐511). In a discovery cohort including serum from patients with PDAC (n = 39, Stages 1‐4), chronic pancreatitis (CP, n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 20), PRO‐C11‐511, but not PRO‐C11‐253, was significantly upregulated in patients with PDAC and CP compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, PRO‐C11‐511 levels >75th percentile were associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR, 95% CI: 3.40, 1.48‐7.83). The PRO‐C11‐511 biomarker potential was validated in serum from 686 patients with PDAC. Again, high levels of PRO‐C11‐511 (>75th percentile) were associated with poor OS (HR, 95% CI: 1.68, 1.40‐2.02). Furthermore, PRO‐C11‐511 remained significant after adjusting for clinical risk factors (HR, 95% CI: 1.50, 1.22‐1.86). In conclusion, quantifying serum levels of Type XI collagen with PRO‐C11‐511 predicts poor OS in patients with PDAC. This supports that Type XI collagen is important for PDAC biology and that PRO‐C11‐511 has prognostic noninvasive biomarker potential for patients with PDAC.
Nanoantenna‐Enhanced Light‐Emitting Diodes: Fundamental and Recent Progress
Authors: Ma Li , Yu Peng , Wang Wenhao , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Govorov Alexander O. , Sun Song , Wang Zhiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising solution for energy‐saving illumination, terminal display technology, and visible light communication. Driven by the vast markets of these emergent applications, the everlasting demand for LED devices is to continuously improve the luminous efficiency and lifetime while minimizing costs. The luminous efficiency of LEDs can be improved from various perspectives including materials, nanofabrication, encapsulation, and other fields, mainly to increase the internal quantum efficiency of the active layer, the light extraction efficiency, the directionality of luminous emission, and the photoluminescence of color‐converting layer. A nanoantenna is a delicately designed functional structure with strong capabilities in decay rate enhancement, light regulation, and other unique optical and electrical characteristics, which fully meet the needs of LED emission enhancement. Starting from the mechanism of nanoantennas, how to enhance LEDs by nanoantennas made of metals, dielectrics, and mixtures of both is discussed. By considering some practical cases, the review of the enhanced functionalities of LEDs under the function of nanoantenna are provided. On top of that, the great potential of nanoantennas for the use in micro‐ and nanostructures, layered structures, and other new LED geometries, and for the active control of LEDs using reprogrammable nanoantennas is also put forward.
The Kynurenine Pathway Is Upregulated by Methyl‐deficient Diet and Changes Are Averted by Probiotics
Authors: Tillmann Sandra , Awwad Hussain M. , MacPherson Chad W. , Happ Denise F. , Treccani Giulia , Geisel Juergen , Tompkins Thomas A. , Ueland Per Magne , Wegener Gregers , Obeid Rima 
Published: March 2021

ScopeProbiotics exert immunomodulatory effects and may influence tryptophan metabolism in the host. Deficiency of nutrients related to C1 metabolism might stimulate inflammation by enhancing the kynurenine pathway. This study used Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether a methyl‐deficient diet (MDD) may influence tryptophan/kynurenine pathways and cytokines and whether probiotics can mitigate these effects.Methods and ResultsRats are fed a control or MDD diet. Animals on the MDD diet received vehicle, probiotics (L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175), choline, or probiotics + choline for 10 weeks (n = 10 per group). Concentrations of plasma kynurenine metabolites and the methylation and inflammatory markers in plasma and liver are measured.ResultsMDD animals (vs controls) show upregulation of plasma kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3‐hydroxyxanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide (all p < 0.05). In the MDD rats, the probiotics (vs vehicle) cause lower anthranilic acid and a trend towards lower kynurenic acid and picolinic acid. Compared to probiotics alone, probiotics + choline is associated with a reduced enrichment of the bacterial strains in cecum. The interventions have no effect on inflammatory markers.ConclusionsProbiotics counterbalance the effect of MDD diet and downregulate downstream metabolites of the kynurenine pathway.
Optimizing multigrid reduction‐in‐time and Parareal coarse‐grid operators for linear advection
Authors: De Sterck Hans , Falgout Robert D. , Friedhoff Stephanie , Krzysik Oliver A. , MacLachlan Scott P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParallel‐in‐time methods, such as multigrid reduction‐in‐time (MGRIT) and Parareal, provide an attractive option for increasing concurrency when simulating time‐dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) in modern high‐performance computing environments. While these techniques have been very successful for parabolic equations, it has often been observed that their performance suffers dramatically when applied to advection‐dominated problems or purely hyperbolic PDEs using standard rediscretization approaches on coarse grids. In this paper, we apply MGRIT or Parareal to the constant‐coefficient linear advection equation, appealing to existing convergence theory to provide insight into the typically nonscalable or even divergent behavior of these solvers for this problem. To overcome these failings, we replace rediscretization on coarse grids with improved coarse‐grid operators that are computed by applying optimization techniques to approximately minimize error estimates from the convergence theory. One of our main findings is that, in order to obtain fast convergence as for parabolic problems, coarse‐grid operators should take into account the behavior of the hyperbolic problem by tracking the characteristic curves. Our approach is tested for schemes of various orders using explicit or implicit Runge–Kutta methods combined with upwind‐finite‐difference spatial discretizations. In all cases, we obtain scalable convergence in just a handful of iterations, with parallel tests also showing significant speed‐ups over sequential time‐stepping.