bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological survey of the psoriasis patients in the Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Kamiya Koji , Oiso Naoki , Kawada Akira , Ohtsuki Mamitaro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Japan, the Japanese Society for Psoriasis Research (JSPR) has been conducting annual epidemiological surveys of patients with psoriasis since 1982. The aim of this study was to conduct a recent epidemiological analysis of the psoriasis patients who were enrolled in the JSPR from 2013 to 2018. A total of 15 287 cases were enrolled from 132 medical institutions, out of which 65.3% (9989 cases) were male and 34.7% (5298 cases) were female. Approximately 50.0% of the cases had past history and comorbidities, such as hypertension (42.0%), dyslipidemia (30.0%), diabetes mellitus (23.7%), hyperuricemia (15.1%), cardiovascular disease (6.0%), and cerebral vascular disorders (6.0%). There was a yearly increase in the use of corticosteroid/vitamin D3 combinations and apremilast for treating psoriasis. In contrast, the use of phototherapy gradually decreased. From 2013 to 2018, approximately 18.6% of the cases were treated with biologics, such as infliximab (17.6%), adalimumab (23.3%), ustekinumab (21.4%), secukinumab (11.6%), ixekizumab (7.6%), brodalumab (6.3%), and guselkumab (4.3%). In the past decade, the biologics have changed the treatment and management of psoriasis. This survey includes significant information regarding the recent perspective of psoriasis in the Japanese Society, especially focusing on the treatment trends after the introduction of biologics.
The impact of a native dominant plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant–flower visitor networks and pollen deposition on stigmas of co‐flowering species in subalpine meadows of Shangri‐La, SW China
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Hui , Memmott Jane , Vaughan Ian P. , Li Hai‐Dong , Ren Zong‐Xin , Lázaro Amparo , Zhou Wei , Xu Xin , Wang Wei‐Jia , Liang Huan , Li De‐Zhu , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Anthropogenic activity can modify the distribution of species abundance in a community leading to the appearance of new dominant species. While many studies report that an alien plant species which becomes increasingly dominant can change species composition, plant–pollinator network structure and the reproductive output of native plant species, much less is known about native plant species which become dominant in their communities.

Euphorbia jolkinii Boissier (Euphorbia, hereafter) has become a dominant native plant in the over‐grazed meadows of Shangri‐La, SW China. During the flowering season of Euphorbia and over 2 years, we quantified the impact of Euphorbia on plant richness and flower visitor richness in 12 subalpine meadows along a gradient of Euphorbia dominance. We also evaluated the floral preferences of flower visitors, interaction evenness of plant–flower visitor networks and the deposition of pollen on the stigmas of two co‐flowering plant species (Gentiana chungtienensis and Anemone rupestris) in each meadow.

The species richness of flower visitors to non‐Euphorbia plants was negatively correlated with Euphorbia dominance. As the proportion of Euphorbia increases, flower visitors to Euphorbia decreased, while flower visitors to other co‐flowering plants increased. Interaction evenness decreased as the proportion of Euphorbia increased. Furthermore, the conspecific pollen deposition of one of the two co‐flowering plant species studied, G. chungtienensis, decreased as the proportion of Euphorbia increased.

Synthesis. There appears to be little substantive difference between the impact of a newly dominant native plant and the impacts reported for many alien plants on native plant–pollinator communities. This lack of difference suggests that dominance, in addition to plant origin (alien vs. native), could play an important role in influencing the structure and functioning of native communities. This finding has considerable implications for restoration ecology. Thus, communities where natural dominance order has been changed due to anthropogenic activity may not be considered a problem as all the species are native—in reality though, they may be as damaged as communities invaded by alien species.
Facilitation and the invasibility of plant communities
Authors: Cavieres Lohengrin A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

One of the most studied emergent functions of plant community diversity is the resistance of diverse communities to non‐native invasions. As emphasized in this Special Feature, facilitation among native species is a key mechanism by which biodiversity increases various functions, including resistance to invasion. However, when diverse assemblages facilitate non‐native species, diversity–invasibility resistance may be compromised.

Here, I review the scientific literature on plant invasion in which facilitative interactions, either among native and non‐native plant species or among non‐native species, affect community invasibility.

Native species can directly facilitate non‐native species, and also generate net indirect facilitative effects through suppressing species that compete with non‐native invaders, but examples of the latter are not common. Such direct and indirect facilitation among non‐native species contributes to ‘invasional meltdown’ that restructures native communities.

In general, facilitative interactions between native and non‐native species increased with environmental stress, suggesting that community diversity might resist invasion more effectively in environmentally favourable sites, whereas in environmentally severe sites, facilitative interactions may contribute to invasibility.

Synthesis. Native and non‐native species can facilitate each other in direct and indirect ways, with important consequences for the invasibility of communities. Facilitative interactions may alter the fundamental relationship between diversity and invasibility, particularly in environmentally severe habitats.
Settling on a national Indigenous Australian ‘voice’
Authors: Chesterman John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the call for establishment of a national Indigenous ‘voice’ ought to be seen by the Australian government in historical context, primarily as a call for remediation for historical injustices, not just as an opportunity for improvement in the lives and governance of Indigenous Australians. Viewed this way, the call carries with it an imperative for government both to recognise the moral weight underpinning it and to be active in seeking to settle the matter, either by agreeing to the reform proposal or otherwise by negotiating an acceptable outcome. The article closes by considering possible ways in which settlement might occur.
UNDERSTANDING SCALAR POLITICS THROUGH THE FRAMEWORK OF RELATIONAL ARCHIPELAGOS: The Case of Shenzhen Fair, China
Authors: Wang June 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article I aim to tackle two binary readings of scale: the networked/hierarchical and the political/economic. By revisiting and reframing the concept of the archipelago, I develop a framework of relational hierarchical networks that foregrounds the mutual constitution of networks and hierarchies through a processual examination of scale production, taking the Shenzhen Fair as a case study. The fair is a valuable site for interrogating the issue of scale politics—that is, how to catapult a city into China's trading circuit, while simultaneously allowing a new epistemological construction of nationhood. I present two arguments in this study: first, territorial logic and capitalist logic are entangled in constructing networks for flows of discursive and material things, and these networks form new hierarchies of place. Second, various political and economic interests might gravitate towards different geographies through the same process of networking. I also assess how the newly produced state space is a relational archipelago that unifies formerly disparate places and sectors and enables the mobility of discursive and material things, and how the redistribution of these discourses and materials reconfigures the state space.
The chimera of time: Exploring the functional properties of an emergency response room in action
Authors: Steen Riana , Patriarca Riccardo , Di Gravio Giulio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmergency response (ER) planners have developed plans either under "all‐hazards" approach, focusing on a full spectrum of emergencies or under a specific scenario—in which planning underlines aligned actions to respond to a particular situation. Either of them represents the so‐called Work‐As‐Imagined (WAI) operation. However, the growing complexity, the scope of emerging situation and the level of uncertainty, create unpredicted challenges for ER operation, which represent another variety of work named Work‐As‐Done (WAD). These challenges require different degrees of adaptation to avoid the cascading impacts of an event into an accident, or even a disaster. Drawing upon the traditional Functional Resonance Analysis (FRAM), we provide a novel FRAM representation, which reflects adaptive capacities on functional inter‐relationships, and their evolution over time in different scenarios. Rather than using time as an aspect of the FRAM hexagon in its traditional sense, we propose an explicit time‐dependent analysis. We outline how to make the chimera of time response feasible in ER operations and how to represent respective sources of success. Based on our FRAM approach, we conduct an incident analysis referred to an event that happened in Gjøa in 2017, in Norway at the North Sea, to understand adaptation in the four different ER phases, that is mobilizing, alert/warning, combat and normalization.
The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners
Authors: Mora Margaux R. , Dando Robin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe global rise in obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic disorders in recent years has been attributed in part to the overconsumption of added sugars. Sugar reduction strategies often rely on synthetic and naturally occurring sweetening compounds to achieve their goals, with popular synthetic sweeteners including saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, and advantame. Natural sweeteners can be further partitioned into nutritive, including polyols, rare sugars, honey, maple syrup, and agave, and nonnutritive, which include steviol glycosides and rebaudiosides, luo han guo (monk fruit), and thaumatin. We choose the foods we consume largely on their sensory properties, an area in which these sugar substitutes often fall short. Here, we discuss the most popular synthetic and natural sweeteners, with the goal of providing an understanding of differences in the sensory profiles of these sweeteners versus sucrose, that they are designed to replace, essential for the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies. In addition, we break down the influence of these sweeteners on metabolism, and present results from a large survey of consumers’ opinions on these sweeteners. Consumer interest in clean label foods has driven a move toward natural sweeteners; however, neither natural nor synthetic sweeteners are metabolically inert. Identifying sugar replacements that not only closely imitate the sensory profile of sucrose but also exert advantageous effects on body weight and metabolism is critical in successfully the ultimate goals of reducing added sugar in the average consumer's diet. With so many options for sucrose replacement available, consumer opinion and cost, which vary widely with sugar replacements, will also play a vital role in which sweeteners are successful in widespread adoption.
Non‐destructive analysis in the study of historical photographs by pXRF and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopies
Authors: Zamboni Cibele Bugno , Redígolo Marcelo Miyada , Miura Vinicius Takami , Costa Isolda , Nagai Maria Luiza Emi , Salvador Pablo Antonio Vásquez , Giovanni Nogueira da Silva Dalton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaterial characterization is essential to the provenance of graphic arts. Non‐destructive analytical techniques are increasingly required in the authentication process of cultural heritage. This work presents a suite of portable, non‐destructive, and complementary analytical techniques, energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and brightfield microscopy, applied to the analysis of historical photographs depicting São Paulo city architecture, whose registration date and process of fabrication are unknown. The EDXRF analysis emphasizes the use of typical POP (printing‐out paper) photograph with baryta (BaSO4) coated paper substrate while the FTIR and microscopy analyses confirm the presence of collodion and a gelatin‐based baryta layer. This photographic process was widely employed by professional photographers from 1889 to 1930, when it was gradually abandoned in commercial use. This time interval (1889–1930) is consistent with the information surveyed on the photographic collection. In conclusion, employing complementary techniques (elemental and molecular spectroscopies and image magnification) is essential in identifying the manufacturing materials of cultural heritage material, which is the basis of contemporary authentication procedures. These data provide to curators and historians fundamental information for cataloging, adding subsidies for the correct storage and preservation (“heritage appreciation”). Still, for professional photographers, they present information on the manufacturing processes of historical photographs. The data from the present study also emphasize its perspective of use in graphic arts to aid connoisseurship in identifying forgeries during provenance and authentication studies.
Effect of deglycosylation on immunoreactivity and in vitro pepsin digestibility of major cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) allergen, Ana o 1
Authors: Zaffran Valerie D. , Gupta Sahil , Sathe Shridhar K. , Roper Michael G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMajor cashew allergen, Ana o 1, was purified in its native form from cashew seeds and subjected to enzymatic deglycosylation using PNGase F to assess the potential role of N‐glycans in immunoreactivity. Western and dot blotting with pooled human plasma containing anticashew IgE revealed that deglycosylation increased IgE‐binding of Ana o 1. Removal of N‐glycans may have exposed previously masked Ana o 1 epitopes. Purified glycosylated and deglycosylated Ana o 1 were also subjected to in vitro pepsin digestion at pH 3.0 for 2 hr. Both glycosylated and deglycosylated Ana o 1 remained stable and reactive with IgE antibodies following digestion.Practical ApplicationUnderstanding the role of glycosylation in Ana o 1 immunoreactivity may provide insight into the potential development of hypoallergenic cashews/cashew products for sensitive individuals in the future.
Occurrence of Alternariol and Alternariolmonomethyl ether in edible oils: Their thermal stability and intake assessment in state of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bansal Megha , Saifi Ishrat Jahan , Dev Indra , Sonkar Aashish Kumar , Dixit Sumita , Singh Sheelendra Pratap , Ansari Kausar Mahmood 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlternariol (AOH) and Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) mycotoxins are found to be present naturally in various food commodities, such as barley, oats, pepper, rye, sorghum, sunflower seeds, tomatoes, and wheat. A few epidemiological studies have correlated the consumption of Alternaria‐contaminated cereal grains with higher occurrence of esophageal cancer in Chinese populations. In addition, several studies have reported the toxicological properties of Alternaria mycotoxins. However, surveillance data on AOH and AME occurrence are still limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the presence of AOH and AME in various commonly consumed, edible oils using HPLC‐FLD method. Thirty four percent of samples were found positive for AOH and 35% for AME. Moreover, AOH retained 80% stability, while AME retained 84% stability, after deep frying for 25 min, which is an important factor with respect to Indian cooking style. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of Alternaria mycotoxins in edible oils and their probable dietary intake in Indian population. This surveillance study may help in formulating guidelines for Alternaria mycotoxin levels in India, which are not yet implemented by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India.Practical ApplicationsAt present, no safety guidelines exist for Alternaria mycotoxins in any part of the world. This study will help the regulatory bodies to set permissible levels of Alternaria mycotoxins to safeguard the health of consumers. This study shows that Alternaria mycotoxins are heat stable even after deep frying for 25 min. The data will also help to issue guidelines against exposure of these mycotoxins, keeping in the mind the heat stability factor.
Solubility and mass transfer coefficient of oxygen through gas– and water–lipid interfaces
Authors: Roppongi Takao , Mizuno Naho , Miyagawa Yayoi , Kobayashi Takashi , Nakagawa Kyuya , Adachi Shuji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe solubility of oxygen and its transfer rate to the lipid phase play important roles in lipid oxidation, which affects the taste and safety of lipid‐containing foods. In this study, we measured the Henry's constants (solubility) of oxygen for fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and triacylglycerols (TAGs; vegetable oils), as well as the mass transfer coefficients of oxygen at the gas– and water–lipid interfaces. The constants and coefficients were estimated by analyzing the change over time in the oxygen partial pressure or concentration in the closed container based on the mass balance equations of oxygen in the gas and liquid phases. The constant for water obtained by the method used in this study was in agreement with the previously reported value to confirm the validity of the method. The constants for lipids depended on the lipid type, and were higher in the order of fatty acid ester, fatty acid, and TAG. That is, the solubility of oxygen decreased in this order. For all lipids, the constant increased as the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain increased. The constants for fatty acids and their esters were linearly correlated with the enthalpies of evaporation of the lipids. The mass transfer coefficients of oxygen at the gas–liquid interface were on the order of 10−5 m/s for water and methyl dodecanoate and of 10−6 m/s for TAG (rapeseed oil). The coefficient at the water–lipid interface was on the order of 10−6 m/s.Practical ApplicationThe Henry's constants (solubility) and transfer rate of oxygen to the lipid phase, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and triacylglycerols (TAG) were measured. The lipids solubilized three to five times more oxygen than water, and mass transfer rate of oxygen at gas– and water–lipid interfaces were almost same. The constants for fatty acids and fatty acid esters were linearly correlated to their enthalpies of evaporation, and this correlation is expected to be useful for estimating the Henry's constants for other fatty acids and their esters.
Excavations at Samahij, Bahrain, and the implications for Christianity, Islamisation and settlement in Bahrain
Authors: Insoll Timothy , Carter Robert , Almahari Salman , MacLean Rachel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe episcopal seat of Meshmahig or Mašmahig is referred to in various historical sources, such as the synods of the Church of the East of 410 and 576. These sources have been extensively explored, and it is suggested that Mašmahig can be linked to the village of Samahij in north‐east Muharraq Island, Bahrain. However, archaeological evidence for a Christian presence in Samahij, or elsewhere in Bahrain, was lacking. Excavations completed within the village cemetery at Samahij uncovered part of a large building complex. Based on the architecture, associated material culture and chronology, it is suggested this building was occupied by a Christian community, perhaps as part of a monastery or even the episcopal palace itself. This was abandoned after Islamisation, seemingly in the eighth century. The results of the first season of excavations are described, and the implications for Christianity, Islamisation and settlement in Bahrain are considered.
Higher vs Lower Doses of Dexamethasone in Patients with COVID‐19 and Severe Hypoxia (COVID STEROID 2) trial: Protocol for a secondary Bayesian analysis
Authors: Granholm Anders , Munch Marie Warrer , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi , Cronhjort Maria , Wahlin Rebecka Rubenson , Jakob Stephan M. , Cioccari Luca , Kjær Maj‐Brit Nørregaard , Vesterlund Gitte Kingo , Meyhoff Tine Sylvest , Helleberg Marie , Møller Morten Hylander , Benfield Thomas , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Hammond Naomi , Micallef Sharon , Bassi Abhinav , John Oommen , Jha Vivekanand , Kristiansen Klaus Tjelle , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Jørgensen Vibeke Lind , Smitt Margit , Bestle Morten H. , Andreasen Anne Sofie , Poulsen Lone Musaeus , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Strøm Thomas , Møller Anders , Khan Mohd Saif , Padmanaban Ajay , Divatia Jigeeshu Vasishtha , Saseedharan Sanjith , Borawake Kapil , Kapadia Farhad , Dixit Subhal , Chawla Rajesh , Shukla Urvi , Amin Pravin , Chew Michelle S. , Gluud Christian , Lange Theis , Perner Anders 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can lead to severe hypoxic respiratory failure and death. Corticosteroids decrease mortality in severely or critically ill patients with COVID‐19. However, the optimal dose remains unresolved. The ongoing randomised COVID STEROID 2 trial investigates the effects of higher vs lower doses of dexamethasone (12 vs 6 mg intravenously daily for up to 10 days) in 1,000 adult patients with COVID‐19 and severe hypoxia.MethodsThis protocol outlines the rationale and statistical methods for a secondary, pre‐planned Bayesian analysis of the primary outcome (days alive without life support at day 28) and all secondary outcomes registered up to day 90. We will use hurdle‐negative binomial models to estimate the mean number of days alive without life support in each group and present results as mean differences and incidence rate ratios with 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). Additional count outcomes will be analysed similarly and binary outcomes will be analysed using logistic regression models with results presented as probabilities, relative risks and risk differences with 95% CrIs. We will present probabilities of any benefit/harm, clinically important benefit/harm and probabilities of effects smaller than pre‐defined clinically minimally important differences for all outcomes analysed. Analyses will be adjusted for stratification variables and conducted using weakly informative priors supplemented by sensitivity analyses using sceptic priors.DiscussionThis secondary, pre‐planned Bayesian analysis will supplement the primary, conventional analysis and may help clinicians, researchers and policymakers interpret the results of the COVID STEROID 2 trial while avoiding arbitrarily dichotomised interpretations of the results.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04509973; EudraCT: 2020‐003363‐25.