bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHR‐1316, an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, plus chemotherapy as the first‐line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A multicentre, phase 2 study
Authors: Mu Lan , Song Yan , Zhao Kuaile , Liu Ying , Fan Qingxia , Wang Xi , Li Qun , Wang Xiaopeng , Huang Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis multicentre, open‐label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of antiprogrammed death ligand 1 antibody SHR‐1316 plus liposomal irinotecan and 5‐fluorouracil as the first‐line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsEligible patients received SHR‐1316 (10 mg/kg), liposomal irinotecan (60 mg/m2 for the first cycle, 80 mg/m2 thereafter), and 5‐fluorouracil (2400 mg/m2) every 14 days until disease progression, intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.ResultsWe enrolled 23 patients between 11 March 2019 and 31 May 2019. The median follow‐up duration was 15.2 months (95% CI 14.2–16.2). The median PFS was 8.5 months (95% CI 1.2–15.8), and ORR and DCR were 52.2% (95% CI 30.1–74.3) and 73.9% (95% CI 54.5–93.3), respectively. The median OS was 11.6 months (95% CI 6.7–16.6). The most common treatment‐related grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (17.4%), nausea (13.0%), and anorexia (13.0%). Treatment‐related serious AEs occurred in two patients. No treatment‐related deaths occurred.ConclusionsSHR‐1316 plus liposomal irinotecan and 5‐fluorouracil has a promising efficacy and manageable safety profile, and could be a new first‐line treatment approach for patients with unresectable locally advanced or distant metastatic ESCC.
Do social media constrain or promote company violations?
Authors: Li Jie , Yu Li , Mei Xiaofeng , Feng Xu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing retail investor posts on the stock forum from 2008 to 2019, we study the impact of social media on the incidence of company violations. We find that social media promotes company violations, which supports the ‘pressure effect’ rather than the ‘monitoring effect’. This conclusion holds even considering potential endogenous issues. In robustness tests, when alternative sample selection, alternative independent variables and alternative dependent variables are used, the results still show that social media promote company violations. Our study supports cognitive evaluation theory, which proposes that external pressure imposed on managers increases the likelihood of violations.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program: Access in the First Year
Authors: Crawford Mitchell , Farahmand Pantea , McShane Erin Kate , Schein Abigail Z. , Richmond Janet , Chang Grace 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesPrescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMP) detect high‐risk prescribing and patient behaviors. This study describes the characteristics associated with documented PDMP access when prescribing opioids.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 695 opioid prescriptions written from inpatient and outpatient medical and psychiatric settings. Data were abstracted and analyzed to identify characteristics associated with documented PDMP access.ResultsOne‐third of the charts had PDMP access documented within the week of opioid prescription; 12% showed PDMP consultation on the same day. Services varied greatly from 10.5% (inpatient medicine) to 57% (inpatient psychiatry) with regard to same‐day PDMP access (P < .0001). Patient characteristics associated with PDMP access include having acute pain, current mental health treatment, and current and past substance use disorders (all P < .05). Logistic regression modeling identified three variables associated with the odds of PDMP access (c‐statistic = 0.66): if the prescription originated from the inpatient medicine unit (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32, 0.68), or if the patient received a prescription for an opioid in the past 30 days (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.90) or had a urine toxicology screen in the past year (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.40, 2.90).Discussion and ConclusionsUtilization of the PDMP varied by specialty and setting.Scientific SignificanceThis study is among the first to compare rates of PDMP access in a large sample by specialty and practice setting in a healthcare system with a policy requiring its access and appropriate documentation. With less than one‐third adherence to the policy, additional steps to increase consistent PDMP access are warranted. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00–00)
Effects of preoperative psoas muscle index and body mass index on postoperative outcomes after video‐assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Uemura Shion , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Kurashima Yo , Ebihara Yuma , Murakami Soichi , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreoperative psoas muscle index (PMI) and body mass index (BMI) are relevant to postoperative outcomes. We investigated the associations of PMI, BMI, and preoperative nutritional and muscular score with postoperative outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent video‐assisted surgery.MethodsWe examined 150 patients (124 men, 26 women) who underwent video‐assisted esophagectomy from February 2002 to March 2016. We used the Clavien‐Dindo (CD) classification to analyze postoperative complications. Because skeletal muscle volume differs significantly between male and female patients, all analyses were performed separately. In male patients, we used the following cut‐off values to categorize patients into three groups: PMI = 600 mm2/m2, BMI = 18.5 kg/m2, and preoperative nutritional and muscular (PNM) scores 0 to 2.ResultsTwo patients were converted to open thoracotomy. Among male patients, PMI and PNM scores were significant risk factors for complications. Among male patients, in the high PMI group, the number of CD ≥ IIIa complications was significantly lower. In the PNM score 0 group (both PMI and BMI values exceeded the cut‐off values), the number of complications was significantly lower. In both genders, PMI and BMI were not significantly associated with survival.ConclusionsPMI and PNM scores can be useful for predicting postoperative outcomes in male patients with esophageal cancer having undergone video‐assisted surgery.
The benefits of teaching on comprehension, motivation, and perceived difficulty: Empirical evidence of teaching expectancy and the interactivity of teaching
Authors: Wang Ying , Lin Lijia , Chen Ouhao 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundResearch regarding teaching expectancy has been mostly conducted in research laboratories with college students. These studies provide insufficient evidence regarding its effect on learners’ delayed comprehension. Moreover, the relative superiority of teaching a peer face to face compared to teaching an imagined peer lacks empirical support.AimsThe purpose of the study was to investigate the interactivity of teaching by comparing peer teaching to imagined teaching, as well as enhancing the generalizability of the teaching expectancy effect by testing it in a secondary school environment.SampleA total of 597 students (282 males) from 12 classes in a secondary school were recruited to participate in the study as part of their psychology course.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions formed by a 2 (teaching expectancy vs. testing expectancy) × 3 (peer teaching vs. imagined teaching vs. no teaching) between‐subjects design. Their immediate and delayed comprehension tests, motivation, and perceived difficulty were measured as dependent variables.ResultsImagined teaching enhanced both immediate and delayed comprehension, but peer teaching only enhanced immediate comprehension. Moreover, the effects of imagined teaching on perceived difficulty and motivation were dependent upon teaching expectancy or testing expectancy.ConclusionsOur findings provide empirical evidence to the existing theoretical frameworks, but caution should be taken when applying imagined teaching in practice.
Patch test results in terms of the recently recommended allergens in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort study over 22 years from Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Zeynep , Özkaya Esen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA European pediatric patch test series was suggested recently.ObjectivesTo evaluate the patch test results in children (<10‐years‐old) and adolescents (10‐ to 18‐years‐old) in Turkey, focusing on the clinical/occupational relevance and the diagnostic value of the recently suggested series.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study on 317 consecutively patch tested patients ≤18 years of age, between 1996 and 2017.ResultsThe contact sensitization rate was 46.1%. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was diagnosed in 30.9%, comprising non‐occupational (84.7%) and occupational (15.3%) ACD. Nickel was the leading allergen in almost every age group. Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) was the clinically most relevant allergen, followed by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), ammonium persulfate, fragrance mix I, nickel sulfate, and mercury/mercury(II)amidochloride. Occupational ACD was most frequently seen in hairdresser apprentices (adolescents only) who were sensitized with PPD ± ammonium persulfate. ACD from MCI/MI increased to 5‐fold, ammonium persulfate and mercurial compounds to 2‐fold, and PPD to 1.7‐fold after 2007. Almost one third of patients would be missed by testing only with the recommended allergens.ConclusionsFor patch testing in Turkish children and adolescents, we suggest additionally testing with ammonium persulfate, mercury/mercury(II)amidochloride, toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin, and polyethylene glycol, the latter as a marker for nitrofurazone allergy, in appropriate patients.
Testing effects of invasive fire ants and disturbance on ant communities of the longleaf pine ecosystem
Authors: Roeder Karl A. , Penuela Useche Viviana , Levey Douglas J. , Resasco Julian 
Published: March 2021

1. Invasive species and habitat disturbance are among the most important drivers of biodiversity loss and ecological change. Their individual effects, however, are difficult to disentangle because invasion and disturbance are often intimately linked. Here we test alternative hypotheses to determine if the invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is a ‘driver’ or simply a ‘passenger’ of ecological change in a longleaf pine ecosystem.2. We randomly assigned treatments of (1) unmanipulated, (2) soil disturbance, (3) fire ant removal and (4) soil disturbance + fire ant removal to experimental blocks and measured how ant communities changed over 2 years in thirty‐six 15‐m2 plots.3. Fire ant abundance in removal plots averaged 42% lower in pitfall traps and 95% lower on baits compared to unmanipulated, control plots. Species richness of co‐occurring ants also decreased 42% in removal plots, with significant changes in community composition. Soil disturbance alone did not affect ant communities. Fire ant diet breadth—measured using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes—increased up to 4.7‐fold in soil disturbance + removal plots (i.e. 0.84‰2 to 3.94‰2).4. While non‐target impacts of the fire ant removal treatment complicate interpretation, our results suggest fire ants follow an alternative ‘interacting drivers’ model in which partial recovery of some species occurs when populations of an invasive species are reduced. Further recovery of native ants may be limited by persisting, landscape‐level effects of fire ants suppressing co‐occurring ants below historical levels.
Striatal transcriptome changes linked to drug‐induced repetitive behaviors
Authors: Crittenden Jill R. , Gipson Theresa A. , Smith Anne C. , Bowden Hilary A. , Yildirim Ferah , Fischer Kyle B. , Yim Michael , Housman David E. , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisruptive or excessive repetitive motor patterns (stereotypies) are cardinal symptoms in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Stereotypies are also evoked by psychomotor stimulants such as amphetamine. The acquisition of motor sequences is paralleled by changes in activity patterns in the striatum, and stereotypies have been linked to abnormal plasticity in these reinforcement‐related circuits. Here, we designed experiments in mice to identify transcriptomic changes that underlie striatal plasticity occurring alongside the development of drug‐induced stereotypic behavior. We identified three schedules of amphetamine treatment inducing different degrees of stereotypy and used bulk RNAseq to compare striatal gene expression changes among groups of mice treated with the different drug‐dose schedules and vehicle‐treated, cage‐mate controls. Mice were identified as naïve, sensitized, or tolerant to drug‐induced stereotypy. All drug‐treated groups exhibited expression changes in genes that encode members of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) cascades known to regulate psychomotor stimulant responses. In the sensitized group with the most prolonged stereotypy, we found dysregulation of 20 genes that were not changed in other groups. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated highly significant overlap with genes regulated by neuregulin 1 (Nrg1). Nrg1 is known to be a schizophrenia and autism susceptibility gene that encodes a ligand for Erb‐B receptors, which are involved in neuronal migration, myelination, and cell survival, including that of dopamine‐containing neurons. Stimulant abuse is a risk factor for schizophrenia onset, and these two disorders share behavioral stereotypy phenotypes. Our results raise the possibility that drug‐induced sensitization of the Nrg1 signaling pathway might underlie these links.
Haemodynamic impairment along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Diomedi Marina , Rocco Alessandro , Bonomi Chiara Giuseppina , Mascolo Alfredo Paolo , De Lucia Vincenzo , Marrama Federico , Sallustio Fabrizio , Koch Giacomo , Martorana Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a clinical and biological continuum identified via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or imaging biomarkers. Chronic hypoperfusion is held as one of the main features of Alzheimer's disease, as part of the processes causing neuronal degeneration. The mechanism responsible for such condition is still debated, although recently a direct connection with amyloid peptides has been shown. Here the aim was to investigate whether measures of hypoperfusion change along the AD continuum.MethodsSeventy patients with mild AD were recruited and stratified according to their CSF biomarker profile—as indicated by the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association research framework—into patients with either isolated amyloid pathology (A+T−) or full‐blown AD (A+T+), and further layered according to apolipoprotein E genotype. After evaluation of vascular risk factors, a transcranial Doppler was performed on each patient, to evaluate mean flow velocity and pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery, and to calculate the breath‐holding index. Patients were compared to a cohort of 17 healthy controls.ResultsThe breath‐holding index was reduced in the AD continuum and was inversely correlated to CSF amyloid β42 levels. Such correlation was stronger in the A+T+ than in the A+T− group, and unexpectedly reached statistical significance only in the E3 and not in the E4 genotype carriers.ConclusionsThese results suggest a tight and effective relationship between amyloid β42, vascular hypoperfusion, cerebrovascular reactivity and epsilon genotype.
Size does matter: The role of decompressive craniectomy extent for outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , He Shi‐Qing , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Herten Annika , Chihi Mehdi , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Sure Ulrich , Wrede Karsten H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn previous studies in patients with traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke, the size of decompressive craniectomy (DC) was reported to be paramount with regard to patient outcomes. We aimed to identify the impact of DC size on treatment results in individuals with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).MethodsThe extent of DC in 232 patients with SAH who underwent bifrontal or hemicraniectomy between January 2003 and December 2015 was analyzed using semi‐automated surface measurements. The study endpoints were course of intracranial pressure (ICP) treatment after DC, occurrence of cerebral infarcts, in‐hospital mortality, and unfavorable outcome at 6 months (defined as modified Rankin scale score >3). The associations of DC size with the study endpoints were adjusted for DC timing, patient age, clinical and radiographic severity of SAH, aneurysm location, and treatment modality.ResultsThe mean DC surface area was 100.9 (±45.8) cm2. In multivariate analysis, a large DC (>105 cm2) was independently associated with a lower risk of cerebral infarcts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16–0.56), in‐hospital mortality (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.56) and unfavorable outcome (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.98). Moreover, SAH patients with a small DC size (<75 cm2) were more likely to require prolonged (>3 days, aOR 3.60, 95% CI 1.37–9.42) and enhanced (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.12–4.74) postoperative ICP treatment.ConclusionThis is the first study showing the impact of DC size on postoperative ICP control and patient outcome in the context of SAH; specifically, a large craniectomy flap (>105 cm2) might lead to better outcomes in SAH patients requiring decompressive surgery.
Involving people with type 2 diabetes in facilitating participation in a cardiovascular screening programme
Authors: Dahl Marie , Søndergaard Susanne Friis , Diederichsen Axel , Søndergaard Jens , Thilsing Trine , Lindholt Jes S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge is lacking about how to increase uptake among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) invited to preventive initiatives like cardiovascular screening.AimTo explore how to improve participation of people with T2D in cardiovascular screening using patient and public involvement (PPI).MethodsPatient and public involvement was included in a qualitative research design. From April to October 2019, we invited 40‐ to 60‐year‐old people with T2D (n = 17) to individual consultative meetings, using an interviewing approach. Before the interviews, participants were asked to read a proposed invitation letter to be used in a cardiovascular screening programme. Inductive content analysis was undertaken.ResultsParticipants considered cardiovascular screening important and beneficial from both a personal and social perspective. We found that the relational interaction between the person with T2D and the health‐care professional was key to participation and that nudging captured through the design of the screening programme and the wording of the invitation letter was requested.ConclusionIn preventive initiatives perceived as meaningful by the invitee, a focus on recruitment is crucial to facilitate participation. This study contributed with knowledge about how to promote participation by involving health‐care professionals in recruitment initiatives and through nudging. This knowledge may assist researchers, policymakers and ethicists' understanding and assessment of the ethical appropriateness and public acceptability of nudging in cardiovascular screening.Patient or public contributionBy consulting 17 people with T2D, we are now in a position to suggest how a screening initiative should be altered because tools to improve uptake have been identified.
Kaolinite‐based clay ceramics blended with residual fique fibers for potential plastic soil applications
Authors: García Edwin F. , Pérez Andrea C. , Colorado Henry A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe high content of clay minerals within the soil has a significant effect on its engineering behavior; water affects the interaction of their minerals, which influences their plasticity and deformability. Structures made with or on plastic materials can experience problems due to the high deformations presented in soil. Therefore, decreasing the deformability of plastic soils contributes to the stability and serviceability of the structures supported by this kind of soils. This investigation is about the effect of fique fibers contents in the mechanical behavior of a plastic soil based on a kaolinite‐type clay. Fique fiber is natural fiber from Colombia. Soil with additions of 0.0 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.7 wt%, and 1.0 wt% of fique fibers was fabricated. The goals by adding the fibers are to increase the compressive strength of the soil and to add a green reinforcement to the soil targeting a circular economy solution. Density, optimal water content, and unconfined compression tests were conducted. The microstructure was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Results showed that fique fibers improved not only the compressive strength by almost three times for sample with 1.0 wt% of fibers with respect to the reference soil without fibers but also the ductility increased.
Dried fruits: phytochemicals and their fate during in vitro digestion
Authors: Panagopoulou Eirini A. , Chiou Antonia , Bismpikis Minas , Mouraka Panagiota , Mangiorou Eleni , Karathanos Vaios T. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMediterranean dried fruits that are cultivated and produced in Greece; that is, Corinthian currants, figs, prunes, cherries, apricots and peaches were evaluated in terms of total polar phenols, individual simple phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in vitro. The potential release of dried fruit polar phenols among the different fractions of an in vitro digestion model was also determined. Total polar phenol, flavanol, flavone/flavonol content and antioxidant capacity was in the range 86–551 mg GAE/100g, 0.2–57 mg CE/100g, 9–71 mg RE/100g and 6–47 mg AAE/100g, respectively. A 12–82% release of total phenolics was observed post‐mastication, which further increased post‐gastric digestion. The same trend was also followed in the case of total flavanols and flavones/flavonols. Total polar phenols and flavones/flavonols were found to enter the simulated epithelial cell wall. Simple polar phenolics and anthocyanins were identified and quantified in all dried fruit extracts and in some of the digestion fractions.
Effectiveness of music on anxiety and pain among cardiac surgery patients: A quantitative systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chandrababu Ramesh , Ramesh Jyothi , Sanatombi Devi Elsa , Nayak Baby S. , George Anice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of music on anxiety and pain among patients following cardiac surgery.BackgroundCardiac surgery affects patients physically, psychologically and socially. Anxiety and pain are the usual problems among patients following cardiac surgery.DesignThe study design is a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesThe Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to December 2017.Review methodsThe Cochrane collaboration guidelines were followed and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the quality of evidence.ResultsFourteen studies were included in systematic review and 13 in meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in anxiety and pain among patients who received musical intervention compared with those who did not.ConclusionMusic has positive benefits on anxiety and pain. However, well‐designed and high‐quality trials are needed to generate higher quality evidence.