bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yawn: Boredom and Powerlessness in the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Wishnitzer Avner 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade or so, boredom has attracted tremendous media and scholarly attention. Historians, however, remained largely uninterested, which is all the more surprising considering the wide consensus among scholars about the historicity of modern boredom, and its distinctiveness from earlier forms of tedium. This article joins a handful of works that discussed boredom in concrete historical contexts, focusing on the late Ottoman Empire. The article places boredom in two different discourses, developed by different generations of writers. The first was promoted by the Hamidian regime (1876–1908) and some of the most prominent writers of the time. In this discourse, the boredom of subalterns, including soldiers, women, and youngsters was considered a social problem. Hegemonic writers blamed boredom on the bored, warned that it could breed “harmful” ideas and behaviors, and spurred their addressees to become productive subjects promoting their own personal, and imperial, progress. But for young and educated urbanites, probably the foremost target group of this discourse, the motivational talk was itself dull. Pinned down by their elders, by their social superiors, by an oppressive political system that offered little true prospect of “advancement,” all these youngsters could do was to disengage and wait. Their own discourse therefore associated boredom not with indolence but with estrangement, melancholy, and frustration. So while hegemonic writers interpreted these emotions in terms of lethargy and decadence, they in fact held potential political energy, which later fed the uprising against the Hamidian order in the summer 1908.
‘We always open our doors for visitors’—Hospitality as homemaking strategy for refugee women in Istanbul
Authors: Rottmann Susan Beth , Nimer Maissam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines social relations for Syrian women in Istanbul by focusing on micro-level lived relationships of hospitality. Through an ethnographic, qualitative approach to key sites of encounter, the article explores how migrants navigate a public milieu in which hospitality has partially been taken away from the local community’s moral oversight in a context of a national political discourse on hospitality. We also analyze ‘hosting’ and ‘guesting’ as mutually negotiated and contested practices. This study highlights the agency and resistance strategies of Syrian women to their ‘differential inclusion’ into Turkish society. It examines how they navigate (in)hospitality and also unpacks the use of virtuous dimensions of hospitality (1) to reverse discriminatory ethnic and class discourses and renegotiate subjectivities that are imposed upon them as ‘guests’; (2) to bring forward perceived cultural similarities between Syria and Turkey; and (3) to revalorize their roles and status in their families. The contribution of this study is to focus on hospitality as a means of theorizing how women navigate complex and conflicting, familiar and yet also new, social ecologies as they make themselves at home.
Rotation of the convective core in γ Dor stars measured by dips in period spacings of g modes coupled with inertial modes
Authors: Saio Hideyuki , Takata Masao , Lee Umin , Li Gang , Van Reeth Timothy 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The relation of period spacing (ΔP) versus period (P) of dipole prograde g modes is known to be useful to measure rotation rates in the g-mode cavity of rapidly rotating γ Dor and slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars. In a rapidly rotating star, an inertial mode in the convective core can resonantly couple with g-mode propagative in the surrounding radiative region. The resonant coupling causes a dip in the P – ΔP relation, distinct from the modulations due to the chemical composition gradient. Such a resonance dip in ΔP of prograde dipole g modes appears around a frequency corresponding to a spin parameter 2frot(cc)/νco-rot ∼8–11 with frot(cc) being the rotation frequency of the convective core and νco-rot the pulsation frequency in the co-rotating frame. The spin parameter at the resonance depends somewhat on the extent of core overshooting, central hydrogen abundance, and other stellar parameters. We can fit the period at the observed dip with the prediction from prograde dipole g modes of a main-sequence model, allowing the convective core to rotate differentially from the surrounding g-mode cavity. We have performed such fittings for 16 selected γ Dor stars having well-defined dips, and found that the majority of γ Dor stars we studied rotate nearly uniformly, while convective cores tend to rotate slightly faster than the g-mode cavity in less evolved stars.
Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tosi Umberto , Lavieri Miguel E Tusa , An Anjile , Maayan Omri , Guadix Sergio W , DeRosa Antonio P , Christos Paul J , Pannullo Susan , Stieg Philip E , Brandmaier Andrew , Knisely Jonathan P S , Ramakrishna Rohan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Large vestibular schwannomas (VS) pose a treatment challenge for both microsurgery (MS) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Technical developments have allowed for safer irradiation of large tumors. It remains unclear if SRS can achieve appropriate tumor control and acceptable cranial nerve toxicities. In this study, we assess outcomes of irradiation for large VS.

Methods
PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for all the studies assessing SRS outcome in large VS. Primary endpoints included clinical and radiographic tumor control, need for salvage surgery, serviceable hearing, cranial nerve V and VII impairment, presence of hydrocephalus requiring shunting, and presence of vertigo/dizziness.

Results
Twenty-two studies were identified that met selection criteria for analysis from an initial pool of 1272 reports. They were evaluated according to treatment protocol: 1) single-dose SRS (13 studies, 483 patients), 2) combination of MS and SRS (7 studies, 182 patients), and 3) fractionated SRS (3 studies, 82 patients). Tumor control was achieved in 89%, 94%, and 91% of patients, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) of post- over pretreatment serviceable hearing were 0.42 (P &lt; .01), 0.47 (P = .05), and 0.60 (P = .22); for facial nerve impairment, these ORs were 1.08 (P = .69), 3.45 (P = .28), and 0.87 (P = .71), respectively.

Conclusions
The management of large VS remains challenging. All treatment modalities resulted in high tumor control rates and worsening of pretreatment hearing. None, however, caused significant facial nerve impairment, suggesting that management strategies incorporating focal irradiation can be successful.
Low Use of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis in an Urban Hospital System
Authors: Ceniceros Ashley G , Shridhar Nupur , Fazzari Melissa , Felsen Uriel , Fox Aaron D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The opioid crisis in the United States has led to increasing hospitalizations for drug use-associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE). Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), the preferred modality for intravenous antibiotics for infective endocarditis, has demonstrated similar outcomes among patients with DUA-IE versus non-DUA-IE, but current studies suffer selection bias. The utilization of OPAT for DUA-IE more generally is not well studied.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study compared OPAT use for DUA-IE versus non-DUA-IE in adults hospitalized between January 1, 2015 and September 1, 2019 at 3 urban hospitals. We used multivariable regression analysis to assess the association between DUA-IE and discharge with OPAT, adjusting for clinically significant covariables.

Results
The cohort included 518 patients (126 DUA-IE, 392 non-DUA-IE). Compared to those with non-DUA-IE, DUA-IE patients were younger (53.0 vs 68.2 years, P &lt; .001) and more commonly undomiciled (9.5% vs 0.3%, P &lt; .01). Patients with DUA-IE had a significantly lower odds of discharge with OPAT than non-DUA-IE patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.39). Odds of discharge with OPAT remained lower for patients with DUA-IE after excluding undomiciled patients (aOR = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11–0.43) and those with patient-directed discharges (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14–0.52).

Conclusions
Significantly fewer patients with DUA-IE were discharged with OPAT compared to those with non-DUA-IE, and undomiciled patients or patient-directed discharges did not fully account for this difference. Efforts to increase OPAT utilization among patients with DUA-IE could have important benefits for patients and the healthcare system.
AngioVac thrombectomy in patient with right atrial thrombus and gastrointestinal bleed: case and literature review
Authors: Vera-Sarmiento Hernán L , Hurtado-de-Mendoza David , Colombo Rosario 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Catheter-directed thrombectomy is a novel promising therapy with little published experience. Previous reports have described it as a useful tool in high risk patients in need of intravascular material resection. Here we present a unique and never reported case of AngioVac device thrombectomy use in a patient with right atrial catheter-associated thrombus and gastrointestinal bleed that contraindicated other thrombectomy therapies due to severe anemia and high bleeding risk. A brief literature review about this therapy and its main outcomes is presented to contextualize the reader and contribute to academic knowledge.
A case of computed tomography diagnosis of truncus arteriosus type IV
Authors: Sadiq Abid M , Sadiq Adnan M 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Persistent truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital heart disease with four variants, and the last being the rarest. The prognosis without surgical intervention is poor. In such cases, an echocardiography is not sufficient hence computed tomography (CT) imaging is required. We report a 26-year-old female with difficulty in breathing since childhood with cyanosis. Her echocardiography showed a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the CT showed a single arterial trunk overriding the interventricular septum with a VSD, and the descending aorta giving rise to the pulmonary arteries suggestive of pseudo truncus, known as truncus arteriosus type IV.
Presigmoid Transpetrosal Approach for Superficial Temporal Artery to Distal Posterior Cerebral Artery Bypass and Trapping of Aneurysm
Authors: Lekovic Gregory P , Ooi Yinn Cher , Jahan Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are uncommon, estimated at less than 1% of all cerebral aneurysms, and less than half occur distal to the P1/2 junction. Unfortunately, the conventional bypass approach for PCA aneurysms—primarily occipital artery to distal PCA cortical branches—has a history of unsatisfying results.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 42-yr-old female presented with Fisher 3 Hunt-Hess 2 subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured distal PCA aneurysm. She was initially evaluated by the endovascular service, but due to recent subarachnoid hemorrhage, endovascular treatment with flow diversion and/or vessel sacrifice was felt to be relatively contraindicated and the patient was referred for surgical evaluation for possible bypass. The patient subsequently underwent surgery for trapping of aneurysm and concomitant superficial artery to distal PCA bypass.

CONCLUSION
A novel approach for the treatment of a ruptured distal PCA aneurysm is described, consisting of posterior transpetrosal exposure and division of the tentorium with superficial temporal artery to P3 bypass.
A Theory of Communication That Posits Effects
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 of Cyberwar explores the insights offered by seventy-five-plus years of political communications research about the effects of media and interpersonal communication on voters and voting. After first noting factors that increased voter susceptibility to communication effects in the 2016 election, Jamieson outlines the role of processes such as priming, agenda setting, framing, and contagion in political persuasion, how interpersonal and mass communication can affect voters and their voting intentions, and some factors that can blunt or bolster the power of communication. The chapter concludes by explaining how this underlying theory of communication suggests that Russian interventions could have affected voters.
Economies
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe most obvious markers of economic transition have been the increasing rate of growth, fundamental structural transformation, and the creation of economies characterized by material abundance, high mobility, and instant communication. Growth rates of traditional economies were a mere fraction of a percent, while modernizing economies grew commonly by 3–5%, some even on the order of 10%. As labor productivities rose, labor force moved from the countryside to cities, and manufacturing became temporarily the most important economic sector before the next major shift transferred most labor to services. High-energy consumer societies created by these transitions enjoy unprecedented levels of material abundance, leisure, and mobility, but these gains have been accompanying by significant economic inequality and have yet to reach most of the world’s population.
National State Capacity and Maritime Piracy
Authors: Daxecker Ursula , Prins Brandon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter models and empirically tests the cross-national correlates of contemporary commerce raiding. The chapter theoretically examines how state capacity at the center influences the rate of pirate attacks in the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zones of states. But it also recognizes that several other conditions help drive ship attacks, including privation, target opportunity, armed conflict, and the labor supply. The empirical models control for these factors when assessing cross-national and over-time variation in maritime piracy. Using multiple measures of state capacity, the chapter shows that pirates gravitate toward states that are weak at the center. It also finds that countries with larger populations, longer coastlines, proximity to maritime choke points, and poor economic conditions witness more pirate attacks. The last section discusses how to move from national capacity in the analyses presented in this chapter to subnational capacity in the next two chapters.
From Riots to Recession
Authors: Cummings Scott L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the book’s goals, methods, and contributions. It sets forth the book’s central aim—to deepen scholarship on lawyers and social movements by closely attending to the richness and complexity of contemporary practice at the local level—and then describes the L.A. low-wage worker organizing campaigns through which this aim is pursued. The campaigns are situated within theoretical perspectives on movement lawyering, labor studies, and local government law, and then placed in historical context. Tracing the history of Los Angeles’s economic and political transformation—from the postwar era to the 1992 civil unrest sparked by the Rodney King verdict through the 2008 recession—the chapter shows how the campaigns grew out of trends producing greater inequality while also creating the organizational foundation of community–labor activism to challenge it. The concluding section provides a demographic overview of the industries targeted by the L.A. campaigns—garment, day labor, retail, hospitality, grocery, and trucking—and a road map of the chapters that follow.
Garment Workers
Authors: Cummings Scott L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Launched in 1995 with the discovery of more than seventy enslaved Thai workers in a suburban apartment complex surrounded by barbed wire fence, the movement to end garment sweatshops—led by the Asian Pacific American Legal Center—pioneered the integration of strategic litigation and worker organizing to challenge inequality in Los Angeles. The sweatshop regime was built upon a legal foundation of subcontracting, which insulated retailers and manufacturers from the contractors actually producing clothing. At its most ambitious, the campaign sought to make legal responsibility follow economic power, rupturing the fiction that protected retailers and manufacturers from labor abuses such as those uncovered in the Thai worker case. Chapter 2 shows how lawyers built a powerful alliance with labor and grassroots organizers, won important legal victories in court, and achieved passage of a landmark state law creating manufacturer liability for contract labor violations. It then traces the campaign through the fierce battle against retailer Forever 21, which showed the power of industry countermobilization and ultimately marked the end of the litigation campaign. This outcome underscored a central lesson of legal mobilization in the new economy: Individual enforcement and litigation strategies, even when paired with innovative organizing and media campaigns, faced long odds challenging abuse enabled by extensive contracting and—crucially—the threat of global outsourcing. However, in fusing law and organizing, the anti-sweatshop campaign marked a new beginning in the movement against low-wage work—one that would deploy the tools honed in the garment manufacturing context to target Los Angeles’s immobile service industries.
Embodying Sonic Resonance as/after Trauma
Authors: Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that interwar French musicians understood music making as a therapeutic, vibrational, bodily practice. Soldiers’ accounts of music making in correspondence and diaries reveal that enlisted musicians were frequently concerned with how music’s organized vibrations offered antidotes to the unpredictable and harmful vibrations of warfare. In memoirs and method books, professional French musicians like Marguerite Long, Émile Vuillermoz, and Marcelle Gerar described singing and piano playing as mentally and physically beneficial sensorial practices. Investigation of scientific, medical, psychology, and musical discourse from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reveals a genealogy of the perception of music as a healing vibrational medium that was prevalent during and after World War I. In situating these accounts of music making’s benefits within broader international understanding of music’s sonic qualities, this chapter illuminates the role that vibration played in the development of music therapy in France during World War I.
In Search of a Consolatory Past
Authors: Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates how interwar French musicians understood music making as an embodied memorial practice. Using archival sources such as soliders’ and musicians’ diaries and correspondence, concert programs, and journals like the Gazette des Classes du Conservatoire, this chapter demonstrates that Maurice Ravel, Marguerite Long, Nadia Boulanger, and Darius Milhaud were among the many French musicians who understood musical practices such as composing, listening, and performing as crucial sites for maintaining connections with lost loved ones. By situating these sources within the context of popular fin-de-siècle theories of corporeal memory posited by Henri Bergson and Marcel Proust, as well as spiritist and French Catholic memorial practices, this chapter shows how making music facilitated mourning by permitting musicians to recall corporeally the feeling of being in the presence of those they mourned.
Introduction: Setting Up
Authors: Gillett Rachel Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book. It argues that music making in interwar Paris was a form of cultural politics. It contextualizes the subject with a short overview of French colonial history, describes the groups involved in making Afro-diasporic music in interwar Paris, analyzes how their music making was political, and considers what it means to feel “at home” through music. It argues that the cultural politics of Black music making in Paris included challenging prevailing ideas about race and racial hierarchies. It shows how various groups of Africans, Antilleans, and African Americans in interwar Paris were brought together by music while their music making also revealed differences and factions among Black networks and communities both in Paris and globally.
The Flip Side of Jazz
Authors: Gillett Rachel Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the entry of jazz into Europe in 1919 after World War I. It demonstrates how the jazz craze presented French men and women of color with opportunities for recognition but also threatened them with widespread misrepresentation. French Antilleans and Africans responded to the jazz craze by offering their own interpretations of Black music and Black identity in political meetings, journalism, and literary reactions. By 1924, police were monitoring these activities carefully. The chapter argues that musical developments contributed powerfully to an interwar context within which racial representation in France was both widespread and contested. It shows how the French state responded by surveilling Black francophone populations closely even in their “leisure” activities such as music making. The chapter emphasizes throughout how the tumulte noir catalyzed Black French to articulate their differences from Black Americans in print and in performance.
H. P. Blavatsky’s Acquaintance with the Language of the Gods
Authors: Santucci James A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows how Sanskrit is understood within the framework of Helena Blavatsky’s account of history related to the fall of Atlantis and a supposedly even older language known as Senzar, which embodied the ancient universal Wisdom-Religion. Sanskrit is perceived as a highly accurate direct descendent of this older, more profound mystery language and thereby signifies a central source of the esoteric wisdom teachings. In relation to this conceptualization of the importance of Sanskrit and the fact that Blavatsky is one of the most important early proponents of Theosophy, the chapter explores the long-overdue question of Blavatsky’s actual knowledge and use of Sanskrit.
“The Real Pure Yog”
Authors: Bowen Patrick D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how yoga was introduced to Western readers interested in occultism and the East in the pages of The Theosophist in the early 1880s. In 1885, the newly formed occult society the Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor (HB of L), which took inspiration from Theosophy, began instructing its members to read about and practice Theosophy-connected forms of yoga as a way to prepare for occult initiation. It was presumably the first society to do so. Using newly unearthed letters of early members of the Theosophical Society and the HB of L, the chapter pioneeringly traces the early history of the introduction of the practice of yoga in these organizations, which later, through Rev. William Ayton, led to Aleister Crowley and other British occultists’ interest in yoga.