bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investor sentiment, misreaction, and the skewness‐return relationship
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effect of investor sentiment on misreaction and explores the time‐series relationship between risk‐neutral skewness (RNS) and subsequent stock market returns contingent on sentiment‐induced overreaction. Using the adjusted put‐call implied volatility spread as a misreaction proxy and Bakshi et al.'s method to measure RNS, we find that pessimism leads to overreaction. This overreaction could strengthen the negative RNS‐return relationship, with higher market returns following lower RNS. Our results are robust even after excluding the sample period of the 2008 financial crisis, profiting from market‐timing strategies based on the levels of RNS and overreaction, and using an alternative RNS measure.
Cancer incidence and cancer death in relation to tobacco smoking in a population‐based Australian cohort study
Authors: Weber Marianne F. , Sarich Peter E. A. , Vaneckova Pavla , Wade Stephen , Egger Sam , Ngo Preston , Joshy Grace , Goldsbury David E. , Yap Sarsha , Feletto Eleonora , Vassallo Amy , Laaksonen Maarit A. , Grogan Paul , O'Connell Dianne L. , Banks Emily , Canfell Karen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTobacco smoke is a known carcinogen, but the magnitude of smoking‐related cancer risk depends on country‐specific, generational smoking patterns. We quantified cancer risk in relation to smoking in a population‐based cohort, the 45 and Up Study (2006‐2009) in New South Wales, Australia. Cox proportional hazards regressions estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) by self‐reported smoking history at baseline (2006‐2009) for incident, primary cancers via linkage to cancer registry data to 2013 and cancer death data to 2015. Among 229 028 participants aged ≥45 years, 18 475 cancers and 5382 cancer deaths occurred. Current‐smokers had increased risks of all cancers combined (HR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34‐1.51), cancers of the lung (HR = 17.66, 95%CI, 14.65‐21.29), larynx (HR = 11.29, 95%CI, 5.49‐23.20), head‐and‐neck (HR = 2.53, 95%CI, 1.87‐3.41), oesophagus (HR = 3.84, 95%CI, 2.33‐6.35), liver (HR = 4.07, 95%CI, 2.55‐6.51), bladder (HR = 3.08, 95%CI, 2.00‐4.73), pancreas (HR = 2.68, 95%CI, 1.93‐3.71), colorectum (HR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.09‐1.57) and unknown primary site (HR = 3.26, 95%CI, 2.19‐4.84) versus never‐smokers. Hazards increased with increasing smoking intensity; compared to never‐smokers, lung cancer HR = 9.22 (95%CI, 5.14‐16.55) for 1‐5 cigarettes/day and 38.61 (95%CI, 25.65‐58.13) for >35 cigarettes/day. Lung cancer risk was lower with quitting at any age but remained higher than never‐smokers for quitters aged >25y. By age 80y, an estimated 48.3% of current‐smokers (41.1% never‐smokers) will develop cancer, and 14% will develop lung cancer, including 7.7% currently smoking 1‐5 cigarettes/day and 26.4% for >35 cigarettes/day (1.0% never‐smokers). Cancer risk for Australian smokers is significant, even for 'light' smokers. These contemporary estimates underpin the need for continued investment in strategies to prevent smoking uptake and facilitate cessation, which remain key to reducing cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Exposure to N‐monoacetyl‐p‐phenylenediamine impaired ovarian function in mice
Authors: Yu Liliang , Zhai Jingwei , Wang Yingxiong , Geng Yanqing , Chen Xuemei , Wen Yixian , Tang Hongyu , Yu Rao , Zhang Yue , Liu Xueqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstractp‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is the main constituent of permanent hair dye and is also widely used in the photographic and rubber industries. PPD and its metabolites have been shown to increase the risk of cancer (especially ovarian cancer); however, their effect on female reproduction is unclear. We investigated the effects of the PPD metabolite N‐monoacetyl‐PPD (MAPPD) on mouse blastocyst development and ovarian function. Sixty 8‐week‐old female Kunming mice were administered at 0‐, 100‐, and 300‐mg/kg/day MPPD by gavage for 28 days. KGN (human ovarian granulosa cells) were treated with MAPPD at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 300 μg/ml for 48 h. The number of abnormal blastocysts increased on gestation day 3.5 in all treatment groups. Compared with the control group, in MAPPD exposed group, the number of antral follicles decreased, the levels of E2 and P4 decreased in ovarian tissue, the serum levels of E2, P4, luteinizing hormone (LH), and T decreased, and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) increased. The expression of FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) was significantly downregulated, and the level of oxidative stress was significantly increased. In KGN cells, the level of reactive oxygen species increased in a dose‐dependent manner, and the mRNA levels of FSHR, LHR, and aromatase increased. These results suggest that MAPPD inhibits FSH‐ and LH‐induced aromatase activity by causing oxidative stress, which decrease hormone levels, leading to abnormal follicle development. Meanwhile, MAPPD exposure could affect early embryonic development abnormalities by affecting the quality of ovum.
Neurobehavior and neuron damage following prolonged exposure of silver nanoparticles with/without polyvinylpyrrolidone coating in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Li Wenhua , Li Jiangyan , Chang Xiaoru , Niu Shuyan , Wu Tianshu , Kong Lu , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng , Xue Yuying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become widespread in the environment with increasing industrial applications. But the studies about their potential health risks are far from enough, especially in neurotoxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of longer‐term exposure (prolonged exposure for 48 h and chronic exposure for 6 days) of 20nm AgNPs with/without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coating at low concentrations (0.01–10 mg·L−1) to Caenorhabditis elegans. The results suggested that exposure to AgNPs induced damage to nematode survival, with the longest and relative average life span reduced. Exposure to AgNPs caused neurotoxicity on locomotion behaviors (head thrashes, body bends, pharyngeal pumping frequency, and defecation interval) and sensory perception behaviors (chemotaxis assay and thermotaxis assay), as well as impaired dopaminergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons, except for glutamatergic, based on the alters fluorescence intensity, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Further investigations suggested that the low‐dose AgNPs (0.01–0.1 mg·L−1) exposure raises receptors of GABAergic and dopamine in C. elegans at the genetic level, whereas opposite results were observed at higher doses (1–10 mg·L−1), which implied that AgNPs could cause neurotoxicity by impairing neurotransmitter delivery. The PVP‐AgNPs could cause a higher fatality rate and neurotoxicity at the same dose. Notably, AgNPs did not cause any deleterious effect on nematodes at the lowest dose of 0.01 mg·L−1. In general, these results suggested that AgNPs possess the neurotoxic potential in C. elegans and provided useful information to understand the neurotoxicity of AgNPs, which would offer an inspiring perspective on the safe application.
A meta‐analytic review of the relationship between attachment styles and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Gleeson Amanda , Curran David , Reeves Rachel , J. Dorahy Martin , Hanna Donncha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to examine the relationship between attachment styles and posttraumatic growth in adults exposed to traumatizing events.MethodA systematic literature search resulted in the inclusion of 14 studies in the review. Four correlational meta‐analyses of the relationship between the attachment styles of secure, dismissive, preoccupied, and fearful, and posttraumatic growth, were conducted.ResultsThese revealed a significant small positive relationship between secure attachment and posttraumatic growth (r =  0.21, p < 0.001); a significant small negative relationship between dismissive attachment and posttraumatic growth (r = −0.12, p < 0.001), and a weak relationship between preoccupied attachment and posttraumatic growth (r = −0.04, p = 0.235), and fearful attachment and posttraumatic growth (r = 0.08, p = 0.248).ConclusionsThe relationship between attachment styles and posttraumatic growth is modest and may be better explained by other variables. Nonetheless, findings provide useful information for clinicians regarding the potential small impact of attachment style following traumatizing exposure. Implications for future research are highlighted with respect to methodological rigor and the role of other potentially influential variables.
An efficient one pot I2/DMSO mediated synthesis and molecular modeling of novel fused pyrimidine‐chromone hybrids bearing potential antibacterial and antifungal pharmacophores sites
Authors: Pathan Naziyanaz , Ali Parvez , Rahatgaonkar Anjali , Al‐Mousa Khalid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of novel ethyl‐l, 1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydro‐4‐methyl‐1‐(6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromene‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxo/thioxo‐6‐phenyl pyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate compounds (2a–2k) were synthesized using I2/DMSO as a competent and cost‐effective catalyst in one pot green solvent system from corresponding chalcones (1a–1k) in better yields. IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, Mass, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopic techniques were used for the characterization of newly synthesized compounds. All the compounds were tested for in‐vitro antibacterial activities against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. Antifungal activities were also performed against Candida albicans and Aspergilus niger. It was found that the presence of electron withdrawing group on the aromatic ring attached to chromone ring increases the antibacterial activities (2g, 2h, and 2k); while the presence of electron releasing groups decreases activities. The presence of electron donating groups (─OCH3, ─Cl), on the phenyl ring attached to pyrimidine skeleton influenced negatively for the antibacterial activities.
Greener synthetic approach for the preparation of substituted flexible dimeric pyridinium salts and its importance
Authors: Chitrarasu Manikandan , Senthilnathan Govindaraj , Kilivelu Ganesan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have prepared substituted flexible dimeric pyridinium bromide using conventional and greener approach. Solvent‐free solid phase (greener) approach is superior than the conventional owing to nontoxic, easy workup procedure, and 20 times lesser reaction time. Toxic organic solvents and column chromatography are avoided. Aldol condensation reaction is studied with various substituted aromatic aldehyde and compared with available recent literatures. Synthesized substituted flexible dimeric pyridinium salts acted as potential catalysts because of their better performance even in low concentration, recyclability, and activation of two molecules of aldehydes at the same time for aldol condensation reaction.
OTC deficiency in females: Phenotype‐genotype correlation based on a 130‐family cohort
Authors: Gobin‐Limballe Stephanie , Ottolenghi Chris , Reyal Fabien , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Magen Maryse , Simon Marie , Brassier Anaïs , Jabot‐Hanin Fabienne , Lonlay Pascale De , Pontoizeau Clement , Guirat Manel , Rio Marlene , Gesny Roselyne , Gigarel Nadine , Royer Ghislaine , Steffann Julie , Munnich Arnold , Bonnefont Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOTC deficiency, an inherited urea cycle disorder, is caused by mutations in the X‐linked OTC gene. Phenotype‐genotype correlations are well understood in males but still poorly known in females. Taking advantage of a cohort of 130 families (289 females), we assessed the relative contribution of OTC enzyme activity, X chromosome inactivation, and OTC gene sequencing to genetic counseling in heterozygous females. Twenty two percent of the heterozygous females were clinically affected, with episodic (11%), chronic (7.5%), or neonatal forms of the disease (3.5%). Overall mortality rate was 4%. OTC activity, ranging from 0% to 60%, did not correlate with phenotype at the individual level. Analysis of multiple samples from 4 mutant livers showed intra‐hepatic variability of OTC activity and X inactivation profile (range of variability: 30% and 20%, respectively) without correlation between both parameters for 3 of the 4 livers. Ninety disease‐causing variants were found, 27 of which were novel. Mutations were classified as “mild” or “severe,” based on male phenotypes and/or in silico prediction. In our cohort, a serious disease occurred in 32% of females with a severe mutation, compared to 4% in females with a mild mutation (odds ratio = 1.365; P = 1.6e‐06). These data should help prenatal diagnosis for heterozygous females and genetic counseling after fortuitous findings of OTC variants in pangenomic sequencing.
B10 cells decrease fibrosis progression following cardiac injury partially by IL-10 production and regulating hyaluronan secretion
Authors: Chen Rong , Liu Fang , Xia Lin , Che Nan , Tian Yu , Cao Yuwen , Zhang Shiqing , Xu Huaxi , Su Zhaoliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractB10 cells play negative roles in inflammatory disorders by producing IL-10. However, their effects on fibrosis have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the dynamic changes of B10 cell frequency and their potential role in cardiac fibrosis. We found that the frequency of B10 cells was significantly increased, and they participated in the regression of fibrosis via IL-10, particularly by accelerating hyaluronan secretion and inhibiting collagen deposition. In vivo, hyaluronan ablation or treatment significantly restricted cardiac fibrosis development. hyaluronan-induced conversion of M1/M2 Mc was dependent on the size of hyaluronan. Low molecular weight hyaluronan promoted the conversion to M1 Mϕ, whereas medium and high molecular weight hyaluronan accelerated Mϕ transdifferentiation into the M2 phenotype. Adoptive transfer of B10 cells significantly attenuated collagen deposition whereas CD19−/− mice with reduced B10 cells exacerbated fibrosis following cardiac injury. Our results provide new evidence suggesting that B10 cells exert antifibrotic effects by regulating the extracellular matrix composition during cardiac injury, and also highlight that B10 cells may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for managing cardiac fibrosis-associated disorders.
The modulation of structural stability of horseradish peroxidase as a consequence of macromolecular crowding
Authors: Hasan Samra , Naeem Aabgeena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacromolecular crowding plays an inevitable role in all biological processes influencing association, conformation, and other characteristics of proteins. Present study is based on the effect of macromolecular crowding on structure of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. Concentration‐dependent conformational changes induced by crowding agents, dextran 70 and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐4000, were monitored employing a range of biophysical techniques. The intrinsic fluorescence spectra showed transition of protein from native to unfolded state. Marked increase in 8‐Anilino‐1‐naphthalene‐sulphonoic acid and Thioflavin T fluorescence indicated presence of non‐native moieties with 80 mg/mL dextran. Enhanced absorbance in turbidity, Soret, and Congo red in corroboration with scattering intensity at 350nm results revealed incidence of HRP aggregates. A new peak around 218 nm in CD spectra pointed towards change in secondary structure towards β‐sheets. Significant loss of enzyme activity upon structural disruption was seen. Comet assay demonstrated DNA damage and genotoxic nature of HRP aggregates, supporting spectroscopic, and fluorescence results. The normalized results were obtained with 120 mg/mL PEG‐4000 close to that of native HRP implying no disruptive effect on structure. It can be hypothesized that macromolecular crowding is a vital element, which can have diverse effects. In this study, dextran 70 was observed to have pro‐aggregatory effect while enhanced stability of native enzyme was witnessed with PEG. Hence, it can be stated that PEG has potentially better crowder as it helps retain the native enzyme structure. Routine addition of crowding agents is recommended if biological molecules are to be studied under more physiologically appropriate environments.
Dual circularly polarized series‐fed patch antenna array integrated with beam switching network
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Aslam Javaria , Nawaz Haq , Shahid Humayun , Shoaib Nosherwan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA reconfigurable patch array antenna exhibiting circular polarization as well as pattern switching capabilities is presented in this work. The proposed 2 × 2 series‐fed structure is capable of generating 11 switched beams at a resonant frequency of 2.44 GHz. The work also hypothesis an unsophisticated method polarization and radiation pattern diversity. An effective reduction from 2N to N for feed ports and from N to N/2 for phase shifters has also been reported. The design is realized on a single‐layered low‐cost FR‐4 epoxy laminate having a thickness of 1.6 mm. The performance evaluation of the fabricated prototype exhibits good agreement between the computationally evaluated and the experimentally obtained results, yielding six circularly polarized and five 45° slant polarized switched beams in two‐dimensional space with appreciably high gain, acceptable side lobe level, and decent impedance matching characteristics for all constituent ports. In this work, a simple four‐port beam switching network has been proposed to synthesize the 11 switched beams at an elevation angle of 0°, ±10° and ±21° in xoz‐plane and yoz‐plane with both circular polarizations and 45° slant polarization. It does not require any additional digital circuit or complex geometry as reported in recent works.
Ranking and characterization of precipitation extremes for the past 113 years for Indian western Himalayas
Authors: Raj Saurav , Shukla Roopam , Trigo Ricardo M. , Merz Bruno , Rathinasamy Maheswaran , Ramos Alexandre M. , Agarwal Ankit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, mountain systems are unevenly exposed to risks of extreme precipitation. Within the Himalayan region, precipitation extremes are a rising concern, but their current understanding is limited. In this study, we use 113 years of precipitation data to rank and characterize precipitation extremes in the Indian Western Himalayas (IWH). Our statistical ranking method integrates precipitation spatial extent and its intensity across different durations for determining the severity of extreme events. The proposed ranking method accounts for multi‐day duration ranking method to capture persistent precipitation episodes. Results show that the method accurately detects and ranks the most extreme precipitation events that occurred in the IWH and indicate locations of these events. Our results highlight that critical long duration events in the region (e.g., 10 days) are missed at ranks at shorter duration (e.g., 2–3 days), thereby highlighting the importance to multi‐day precipitation extremes ranking. In addition, the proposed ranking method provides information about the event duration that will be associated with the highest impact on society, carrying high significance. Our findings are valuable for flood risk management and disaster risk reduction.
Real‐time Raman spectroscopy measurements to monitor the effect of polypropylene crosslinking on its true mechanical behaviour
Authors: Letoffe Adrien , Ponçot Marc , Huchard Thomas , Hupont Sebastien , Hoppe Sandrine , Royaud Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn‐situ Raman spectroscopy analysis to mechanical tests were performed to investigate the deformation micromechanisms of an isotactic polypropylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) depending on the crosslinking degree provided by functional polyether amine molecules. The switch from brittle to highly ductile mechanical behaviours was focused in terms of microstructure modifications in real time during stretching. From the Raman spectral analysis, crystallinity index and macromolecular chains orientation factors for both crystalline and amorphous phases were determined. A new orientation factor relative to the polyether segments was proposed. The results shown allow a more complete understanding of the proper micromechanisms of deformation involved in each phase and their interaction between one another. These results also highlight the impact of the crosslinking reaction on the material resilience improvement.
Salivary metabolites are promising non‐invasive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease
Authors: Hershberger Courtney E. , Rodarte Alejandro I. , Siddiqi Shirin , Moro Amika , Acevedo‐Moreno Lou‐Anne , Brown J. Mark , Allende Daniela S. , Aucejo Federico , Rotroff Daniel M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Improved tools are needed for detecting HCC so that treatment can begin as early as possible. Current diagnostic approaches and existing biomarkers, such as alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) lack sensitivity, resulting in too many false negative diagnoses. Machine learning may be able to identify combinations of biomarkers that provide more robust predictions and improve sensitivity for detecting HCC. We sought to evaluate whether metabolites in patient saliva could distinguish those with HCC, cirrhosis, and those with no documented liver disease.Methods and ResultsWe tested 125 salivary metabolites from 110 individuals (43 healthy, 37 HCC, 30 cirrhosis) and identified four metabolites that displayed significantly different abundance between groups (FDR P < .2). We also developed four tree‐based, machine‐learning models, optimized to include different numbers of metabolites, that were trained using cross‐validation on 99 patients and validated on a withheld test set of 11 patients. A model using 12 metabolites –octadecanol, acetophenone, lauric acid, 1‐monopalmitin, dodecanol, salicylaldehyde, glycyl‐proline, 1‐monostearin, creatinine, glutamine, serine and 4‐hydroxybutyric acid – had a cross‐validated sensitivity of 84.8%, specificity of 92.4% and correctly classified 90% of the HCC patients in the test cohort. This model outperformed previously reported sensitivities and specificities for AFP (20‐100 ng/mL) (61%, 86%) and AFP plus ultrasound (62%, 88%).Conclusions and ImpactMetabolites detectable in saliva may represent products of disease pathology or a breakdown in liver function. Notably, combinations of salivary metabolites derived from machine learning may serve as promising non‐invasive biomarkers for the detection of HCC.