bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Co-suspension Metered Dose Inhaler: A Triple Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Nigro Stefanie C. , Sobieraj Diana M. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To review current evidence on the use of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGFF) triple therapy delivered via metered dose inhaler (MDI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and offer clinical practice insights. Data Sources: We used PubMed to conduct the literature search from 1946 through June 30, 2021, using budesonide, glycopyrrolate or glycopyrronium, and formoterol. Study Selection and Extraction: We included clinical trials in patients with COPD along with pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic studies. Data Synthesis: In all, 19 citations were included. BGFF MDI reduces the risk of exacerbations regardless of exacerbation history compared with dual bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist. Rescue inhaler use decreased, and patient-reported outcomes of symptoms and well-being improved with triple therapy. Mortality was decreased with the higher-dose BGFF MDI in comparison to dual bronchodilator therapy. Dysphonia and candidiasis were more common with BGFF MDI compared with dual bronchodilators, as was pneumonia. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: BGFF MDI is the second FDC triple therapy approved for COPD treatment. BGFF MDI improves important patient outcomes in COPD, including exacerbation risk. The unique co-suspension technology allows delivery of 3 active ingredients in 1 inhaler, a potential benefit to overcome adherence and technique-related barriers. These benefits must be gently weighed against the increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusion: The findings from phase 3 trials support the efficacy and safety of triple therapy in COPD. Future studies are needed to confirm potential mortality benefit and the role of triple therapy in patients without an exacerbation history.
Dolutegravir-Based Dual Therapies in HIV Pretreated Patients: A Real-Life Study in Madrid
Authors: Amor-García Miguel Ángel , Rodríguez-González Carmen Guadalupe , Chamorro-de-Vega Esther , Herranz-Alonso Ana , Sanjurjo-Sáez María 
Published: August 2021

Background: Few studies describe the use of dolutegravir (DTG)-based dual therapies under routine clinical practice. Objectives: To report real-life data on the use of DTG-based dual therapies in treatment-experienced patients. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study. It included all treatment-experienced HIV patients starting a DTG-based dual therapy from 2014 to 2018. The primary end point was to identify the incidence and reasons for the switch. The secondary end points were to assess the effectiveness, safety, adherence, and costs after 48 weeks of treatment (W48). Results: The incidence of the switch to a DTG-based dual therapy increased from 1.6 patients per 1000 patient-years in 2014 to 38.6 in 2018. A total of 241 patients initiated this therapy: 113 (46.9%) patients started DTG plus rilpivirine (RPV), 72 (29.9%), DTG plus lamivudine (3TC), and 68 (28.2%), DTG plus boosted-darunavir (b-DRV). A total of 170 patients completed W48 of follow-up. By intention-to-treat analysis, 89.3% of virologically suppressed (VS) patients (94.3% with DTG plus b-DRV, 91.3% with DTG plus 3TC, and 87.2% with DTG plus RPV) and 56.7% of non-VS patients (71.4% with DTG plus RPV and 52.2% with DTG plus b-DRV) achieved a viral load <50 copies/mL at W48. The protocol-defined virological failure was 6.5%. Overall, 8.8% of patients had early discontinuation. The annual cost increased by €800 per patient ($916). Conclusions and Relevance: The use of DTG-based dual therapies has increased in real life, showing a favorable effectiveness and safety profile. Treatment costs increased, except for the switch to DTG plus 3TC.
Experimental and numerical investigation of damping in a hybrid automotive damper combining viscous and multiple-impact mechanisms
Authors: Badri Yousif , Sassi Sadok , Hussein Mohammed , Renno Jamil 
Published: August 2021

One of the least investigated approaches in passive vibration control is the possibility of combining different types of dampers that use different damping principles. Such a combination process, if wisely designed and implemented, has the potential to increase the damping performance and extend the damper’s application. The primary purpose of this work is to experimentally and numerically investigate the damping behavior of a novel Fluid-Impact Hybrid Damper. This damper combines a conventional Viscous Fluid Damper with a Particle-Impact Damper. The Fluid-Impact Hybrid Damper comprises a 3D-printed plastic box attached to the Viscous Fluid Damper’s moving rod and filled with stainless steel balls. An experimental setup was designed to drive the Viscous Fluid Damper’s rod into harmonic oscillations at different frequencies (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Hz). The number of balls was changed three times (5, 10, and 15) to assess the effect of this parameter on the damping performance of the Fluid-Impact Hybrid Damper. A finite element model of the Fluid-Impact Hybrid Damper was developed using LS-Dyna explicit simulation program. The objective of the FE model is to investigate the elastoplastic balls-box collisions using a piecewise-linear plasticity material model. For both the experimental and numerical results, the Frequency Response Function was considered as the main comparison component for a set of force-independent results. The measured Frequency Response Functions showed a noticeable reduction in amplitude at the system’s natural frequency (2 Hz), with an acceptable accuracy between the two approaches.
Effect of light backscattering from anterior segment structures on automated flare meter measurements
Authors: Hasanreisoglu Murat , Kesim Cem , Yalinbas Duygu , Yilmaz Mervenur , Uzunay Nur Sena , Aktas Zeynep , Halim Muhammad Sohail , Sepah Yasir J , Nguyen Quan Dong , Sahin Afsun 
Published: August 2021

Background: To evaluate effect of maximal anterior cortical lens density, iris scatter and anterior chamber depth on laser flare photometry. Methods: Patients diagnosed with clinical uveitis were enrolled in the study. Clinical flare gradings were recorded upon the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. Aqueous flare was measured with an automated device (Kowa FM-700). Back-scattering from anterior cortical lens and anterior iris surface was calculated from Scheimpflug images. A curvilinear regression model was used to calculate estimated values for each clinical grade. These values were used to split cases in Group I (laser flare photometry lower than estimated) and Group II (laser flare photometry higher than estimated). Mean anterior chamber depth, pupil aperture, maximal anterior cortical lens density and iris scatter values were compared between two groups. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of clinical flare gradings and ocular parameters on aqueous flare measurements. Results: The study included 228 eyes of 114 cases. Scheimpflug images were obtained from 105 eyes. Estimated aqueous flare measurements (in photons/milliseconds) were 4.87, 8.50, 14.81, 25.83, 45.04 and 136.93 for 0, 0.5+, 1+, 1.5+, 2+ and 3+ clinical flare respectively. Group II had higher maximal anterior cortical lens density than Group I (96.6 ± 37.1 vs 77.9 ± 17.1 pixel unit, p = 0.001). The measured aqueous flare was significantly related to clinical flare, maximal anterior cortical lens density and pupil aperture (adjusted R2: 0.480, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The back-scattered light from anterior cortical lens could affect laser flare photometry measurements. This effect might be quantified by Scheimpflug imaging.
Identity work of children with a parent with early-onset dementia in the Netherlands: Giving meaning through narrative construction
Authors: Hoppe Silke 
Published: August 2021

Background In the past years an increasing amount of research has been done on the experiences of adult children of a parent with early-onset dementia. However, little is still known about how the socio-cultural context influences the narratives of these children. Aim This study aimed to provide insights into the far-reaching consequences of parental early-onset dementia for adult children in the Netherlands. It illustrates how the experiences of these adult children are shaped by the context they live in. Method 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with adult children of a parent with early-onset dementia in the Netherlands. The interviews offered the children space to reflect on the impact the illness of their parent had on them and their lives. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings This article illustrates that the comparative processes of relating to others' experiences help the children to reflect on the impact that their parent's illness has on their own lives, which in turn aids them in contextualising and making meaning out of their changing lives and relationships. This contextualization and recovery of meaning is shaped by three processes. The first concerns the ways these adult children draw comparisons between their own lives and experiences and those of their peers of the same age group. The second process entails comparative understandings of having a parent with early-onset dementia versus having a parent with late-onset dementia. The third process explores how having a parent with early-onset dementia compares to having a parent with other diseases. The processes of contextualisation which the adult children engage in are shaped by what the children perceive to be normal and thus also by their socio-cultural contexts. Conclusions This article reveals how meaning is created in a constant interplay between the primary experiences of having an ill parent and the socio-cultural context in which the experiences take place. It illustrates how this context provides for particular narratives, which in turn shape how the children are able to give meaning to their experiences.
Intimate Partner Violence in the Middle East Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moshtagh Mozhgan , Amiri Rana , Sharafi Simin , Arab-Zozani Morteza 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a clinical and social problem globally, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its types against women in the Middle East region. Method: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in January 2020. From 1995 to 2020, all studies performed in the Middle East, investigating at least one type of abuse against women and written in English, entered the study. All included studies were appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist, which was adapted for prevalence studies. The random effect model of meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Each type of abuse as event rate with 95% CI was calculated for each variable. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I 2 statistic test. Results: Fifty-five studies encompassing 138,692 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The rate of overall abuse was 26.3 ( n = 55, 95% CI: [15.8, 40.5], p = .002). The highest rate of abuse in the included studies was reported for psychological abuse 48.6% ( n = 46, 95% CI: [39.8, 57.5], p = .758). The rate of abuse for physical, economical, sexual, and injury were 28.4% ( n = 53, 95% CI: [22.1, 35.7], p = .0001), 19% ( n = 10, 95% CI: [9.8, 33.7], p = .0001), 18.5% ( n = 45, 95% CI: [13.6, 24.6], p = .0001), and 18.4% ( n = 5, 95% CI: [7.1, 40.2], p = 0.008), respectively. The overall abuse reported by World Health Organization Multi-Country Domestic Violence (DV)Questionnaire was 25.7% ( n = 17, 95% CI: [18.4, 34.7], p = .0001). This value was 41.8% ( n = 11, 95% CI: [29.7, 55], p = .223) for the Conflict Tactics Scale Questionnaire. Conclusion: Although this review highlights the lack of or insufficient IPV data in some contexts and inconsistencies in defining and measuring IPV among studies, the evidence shows that a moderate to high pattern of abuse has been observed in the study population. Due to this region’s unique cultural-religious characteristics, it is urgent to reduce this phenomenon.
Image and report quality in non-obstetric ultrasound examinations undertaken by sonographers: Results of an audit of 3731 cases
Authors: Freeman Simon , Cantin Peter , Gutteridge Catherine , Williams Petra , Hamilton Sarah , Lam QiQi , Dubbins Paul 
Published: August 2021

Introduction This paper reports the results of a rolling audit of sonographer-performed non-obstetric ultrasound examinations undertaken between 2010 and 2020 in a large University Teaching Hospital Ultrasound Department in the United Kingdom. We believe that this represents the largest published audit of sonographer non-obstetric ultrasound examination quality. Methods Random samples of sonographer ultrasound examinations were regularly and systematically audited by consultant-level ultrasound practitioners through review of soft copy images and reports. Examination and report quality were assessed against an internal audit standard in 3731 patients over an 11-year period and also against externally set audit standards in 3186 patients over a nine-year period. Results Both image and report quality exceeded externally set audit standards in all nine years of audit. In the internal audit, the quality standard just failed to be met for the first five years of audit but was achieved in all the subsequent six years. Conclusion This audit provides further information on the quality and safety of sonographer-led ultrasound service delivery within a service that has quality safeguards, readily available support and an active education programme. It is used not only to provide assurance to patients, clinicians, managers and commissioners of this service but also to direct individual professional development and drive an iterative process of quality improvement.
The influence of calculation method and relative strength on the load-velocity relationship in bench press exercise
Authors: Bautista Iker J , Martín-Rivera Fernando , Martínez Isidoro , Haff Gregory G , Maroto-Izquierdo Sergio 
Published: August 2021

Purpose The objective of this study was: (1) to compare the effect of the calculation method using average (Avalue), and best value (Bvalue) of Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) on the Load Velocity Profile (LVprofile) during the barbell bench press exercise in elite handball players. In addition, (2) to analyze the relationship between the individual coefficient of variation (CVind) of an incremental load protocol in the bench press exercise with relative strength (Frel) in professional handball players. Methods Nineteen elite international handball players (age 18 [±1] y; body mass 93 [±14] kg; height 191 [±6] cm) performed an incremental test during the barbell bench press exercise. General and individual LVprofile, Frel, and CVind were modelled through MPV and two calculation models (Avalue, vs Bvalue). Results There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between both conditions (Bvalue vs. Avalue). There was an inverse relationship between the Frel and the CVind (r = −0.66, p < 0.001). When CVind was >10% significant differences were found between the two calculations method (Avalue, vs Bvalue). However, no significant differences were found between Avalue, vs Bvalue when the CVind was <10%. Conclusions The calculation method used to assess the barbell bench press LVprofile impacts the nature of the relationship. Regardless CVind values, Avalue is a good choice to determine the LVprofile when the CVind is >10%, if the CVind is <10%, Bvalue will be the better option to determine the LVprofile.
A systematic scoping literature review on the use of child life therapy (CLT) in the perioperative setting
Authors: Brown Sarah , Cordner Phillipa , Weir Kelly A , Machingura Tawanda 
Published: August 2021

Background Children and their caregivers often experience anxiety related to a perioperative admission. A systematic scoping review was conducted to map the evidence for child life therapy, including the professional background of treating clinicians. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Six databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Results After reviewing 578 titles and abstracts, and 55 full texts, 11 studies were retained. Included studies were randomised controlled trials ( n = 5), retrospective studies ( n = 3), descriptive studies ( n = 1) and clinical studies ( n = 2). Child life therapy was effective for anxiety, anaesthetic induction quality, child cooperation and parental satisfaction. Professions delivering interventions included Child Life Therapists, nurses and a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion There is emerging evidence for child life therapy which may be used to guide delivery of paediatric procedural support in perioperative settings. Further studies are needed to inform practice.
Modern cemented Furlong hemiarthroplasty: Are dislocations rates better?
Authors: Menakaya CU , Shah M , Ingoe H , Malhotra R , Mannan A , Boddice T , Allgar V , Gopal S , Mohsen A , Muthukumar N 
Published: August 2021

Background Dislocation following hip hemiarthroplasty is a major complication with increased mortality and morbidity. Data looking at dislocation following contemporary bipolar stems are lacking in literature. Methods Retrospective review of our prospective national hip fracture database over a two-year period. Group 1 comprised of consecutive patients receiving bipolar Furlong prosthesis (N222) while Group 2 was made up of a historical cohort (uncemented; N254). Clinical and radiological records were reviewed to determine dislocation rates, causes and associative factors of dislocations. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results Following 476 hemiarthroplasties performed during the study period, 12 (2.5%) dislocations were reported (eight in Group 1; four in Group 2). There was no significant difference in dislocation rates (3.6% vs 1.6%) between groups ( p = 0.159). Subgroup analysis of Group 1 demonstrated a significant difference in dislocations with Furlong cemented (6%) as compared with Furlong uncemented (0%) hemiarthroplasties ( p = 0.024). Following dislocation, death rates increased to 8.3% from 1.7% in both groups. Conclusion There is a statistically significant increase in dislocation rate following use of cemented Furlong prosthesis when compared to similar uncemented prosthesis at the same treatment period. However, when compared to traditional uncemented prosthesis, there is no difference in dislocation rates.
‘... You feel like the one that got left behind’: a narrative inquiry into the friendships of people who have endured mental health difficulties
Authors: Doran D , Edgley A , Stickley T 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To explore insights between friendship and mental health through a critical narrative inquiry. To conceptualise friendship and inform public health approaches to loneliness and mental health. Method: Seventeen interviews were conducted with middle-age people who had experienced mental health difficulties. Stories were subjected to a narrative analysis and interrogated further using critical theory. Results: Compassion in friendship reduces alterity and loneliness, and results in mutual discovery of dignity in relation to distress and stage of life. This is not achievable in all friendship. Conclusion: The temporary encounter of friendship can provide new bases for authentically relating. Through dignity and authenticity, friendship can contribute to mental health and reduce loneliness. Suggestions are made to inform public health approaches to friendship.
Defining the Efficacy of Omalizumab in Nasal Polyposis: A POLYP 1 and POLYP 2 Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Damask Cecelia , Chen Meng , Holweg Cecile T. J. , Yoo Bongin , Millette Lauren A. , Franzese Christine 
Published: August 2021

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease with variable underlying pathophysiologies. Numerous patient factors have been linked to differences in disease severity, control, and response to treatment, including asthma status, aspirin sensitivity, previous sinonasal surgery, and blood eosinophil levels. Objective The present study examines the efficacy of the anti-immunoglobulin E therapy, omalizumab, versus placebo in patients with CRSwNP from the replicate POLYP 1 (NCT03280550) and POLYP 2 (NCT03280537) trials, grouped by inherent patient characteristics to determine the response to therapy. Methods Patients in prespecified subgroups from POLYP 1 and POLYP 2 (studies pooled for analysis) were examined. Subgroups included blood eosinophil count at baseline (>300 or ≤300 cells/μL), previous sinonasal surgery (yes or no), asthma status (yes or no), and aspirin sensitivity status (yes or no). Subgroups were examined for subgroup-specific adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) (omalizumab–placebo) in change from baseline at week 24 in Nasal Congestion Score (NCS), Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Results Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) (omalizumab–placebo) in NCS, NPS, SNOT-22, TNSS, and UPSIT change from baseline at week 24 consistently favored omalizumab treatment over placebo in patients with blood eosinophil count >300 and ≤300 cells/μL, with or without previous sinonasal surgery, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. Conclusion Together, these data suggest broad efficacy of omalizumab across clinical and patient-reported outcomes in patients with CRSwNP, independent of the underlying patient factors examined, including those with high eosinophil levels and those who have undergone previous surgery, which are associated with high recurrence. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: POLYP 1: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03280550 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03280550 ); POLYP 2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03280537 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03280537 ).