bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Features in Breast Cancer
Authors: Soomro Rufina , Cho Namiya 
Published: June 2021

Background: Even with the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast malignancy, to date breast cancer is still the number one cause of death in women in Pakistan. Various researches proved that prolonged inflammatory conditions played a part in progression of malignancy, these factors also promote growth leading to poor prognosis. This study shows the analysis of peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in breast malignancy and its association with disease characteristics
Methods: The cross-sectional study was done in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Pakistan. A total of 2059 female patient population with breast cancer hit the criteria. The patients were asked to undergo a complete blood count with leukocyte differential preoperatively. Patients’ complete data was collected preoperatively including specimen-related histopathology reports. Patients excluded were those with clinical evidence of ongoing active infection/sepsis, any blood disorders, any previous or ongoing inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, and steroid therapy.
Results: No association was seen between the NLR with the age, grade, and luminal subtypes. However, NLR had a significant association with the size and stage of the disease. With an increase in NLR, the stage increased.
Conclusion: The study identifies the usefulness of the NLR ratio, which in the future can be used as a diagnostic adjunct in the preoperative workup of patients with breast malignancy.
The Effect of T3 versus T4 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy on Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Mesery Karim Mohamed El , Ghoneim Ahmed Emadeldeen , Taha Abd Elhady Mohamed , Elnasr Mohamed Mahmoud Abo 
Published: June 2021

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating. However, surgical therapy is the most effective treatment for patients with primary hyperhidrosis. In between all different surgical approaches, video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sympathectomy has been considered as a safe and minimally invasive procedure for palmer and axillary hyperhidrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of T3 vs. T4 sympathectomy regarding postoperative complications, recurrence and compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) on 6 months follow up.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted over 20 patients undergoing VATS sympathectomy diagnosed with palmar hyperhidrosis and failed medical treatment and undergoing thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Patients were divided randomly into two groups; group A (T3 sympathectomy) and group B (T4 sympathectomy).
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the degree of treatment success, compensatory hyperhidrosis after one month and after 6 months. There was non-significant difference between the two groups regarding the recurrence, late postoperative complications and satisfaction.
Conclusions: Video-assisted T3 or T4 sympathectomy is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis and T3 or T4 sympathectomy had no difference regarding to dryness and Compensatory Hyperhidrosis in follow-up for 6 months. Both techniques were effective for treating palmar hyperhidrosis with high rates of success and no recurrence for 6 months.
Diastereospecific Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Radical Cyclization: Application in the Synthesis of ent‐Tadalafil
Authors: Chiu Wei‐Jung , Lin Yan‐Liang , Barve Indrajeet J. , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of 1‐substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines from L–Dopa methyl ester through intramolecular aryl radical cyclization is demonstrated. The strategy consists of bromination of (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐(2‐bromo‐4,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)propanoate followed by condensation with various aldehydes to afford bromoimidate ester. Aryl radicals generated from bromoimidate ester under the radical generating conditions (nBu3SnH/AIBN) cyclizes via 6‐endo mode to afford cis‐1‐substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines exclusively in 99% ee. The utility of this synthetic protocol is demonstrated in the synthesis of (6S, 12aS) Tadalafil (5 steps, 21%, 99% ee).magnified image
Enantioselective Construction of 5‐6‐5 Tricyclic Lactone Framework Bearing a Quaternary Bridgehead Carbon via Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Enediynes
Authors: Yasui Takeshi , Nakazato Yuya , Kurisaki Koutarou , Yamamoto Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric [2+2+2] cycloaddition of ene‐yne‐yne enediynes to generate enantio‐enriched tricyclic cyclohexadienes bearing a quaternary bridgehead carbon. We found that the Rh‐Phanephos complex is an appropriate catalyst for the cycloaddition of enediynes bearing an unsubstituted propiolate terminus, whereas Rh‐biaryl bisphosphine catalysts, which have been widely used for asymmetric cycloadditions of alkynes and alkenes, are not applicable for the reaction of such enediynes. Several control experiments suggest that the reaction using the Rh‐Phanephos complex exclusively proceeds via a rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate, unlike when using a Rh‐biaryl bisphosphine complex that can form a rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate as well as a rhodacyclopentene intermediate in a substrate‐dependent manner.magnified image
Light‐Harvesting Supramolecular Phosphors: Highly Efficient Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Solution and Hydrogels
Authors: Garain Swadhin , Garain Bidhan Chandra , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , Pati Swapan K. , George Subi J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolution phase room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from organic phosphors is seldom realized. Herein we report one of the highest quantum yield solution state RTP (ca. 41.8 %) in water, from a structurally simple phthalimide phosphor, by employing an organic–inorganic supramolecular scaffolding strategy. We further use these supramolecular hybrid phosphors as a light‐harvesting scaffold to achieve delayed fluorescence from orthogonally anchored Sulforhodamine acceptor dyes via an efficient triplet to singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET), which is rarely achieved in solution. Electrostatic cross‐linking of the inorganic scaffold at higher concentrations further facilitates the formation of self‐standing hydrogels with efficient RTP and energy‐transfer mediated long‐lived fluorescence.
Site‐Selective C–C Cleavage of Benzocyclobutenones Enabled by a Blocking Strategy Using Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Guo Jing‐Hong , Liu Yu , Lin Xin‐Cheng , Tang Tian‐Mu , Wang Bi‐Qin , Hu Ping , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Song Feijie , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractControlling the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−C activation remains a great challenge. The transformations of benzocyclobutenones (BCBs) usually involve the cleavage of C1−C2 bond. In this work, an unprecedented highly selective cleavage of C1−C8 bond with the insertion of alkynes is achieved by using blocking strategy via Ni catalysis, providing an efficient method for synthesis of 1,8‐disubstituted naphthalenes. Notably, the blocking group could be readily removed after the transformation.
Hybrid neutron stars in the mass‐radius diagram
Authors: Cierniak Mateusz , Blaschke David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a systematic investigation of the possible locations for the special point (SP), a unique feature of hybrid neutron stars in the mass‐radius diagram. The study is performed within the two‐phase approach where the high‐density (quark matter) phase is described by the constant‐sound‐speed (CSS) equation of state (EoS) and the nuclear matter phase around saturation density is varied from very soft (APR) to stiff (DD2 with excluded nucleon volume). Different construction schemes for the deconfinement transition are applied: Maxwell construction, mixed phase construction, and parabolic interpolation. We demonstrate for the first time that the SP is invariant not only against changing the nuclear matter EoS, but also against variation of the construction schemes for the phase transition. Since the SP serves as a proxy for the maximum mass and accessible radii of massive hybrid stars, we draw conclusions for the limiting masses and radii of hybrid neutron stars.
Sodium Butylated Hydroxytoluene: A Functional Group Tolerant, Eco‐Friendly Base for Solvent‐Free, Pd‐Catalysed Amination
Authors: Semeniuchenko Volodymyr , Braje Wilfried M. , Organ Michael G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNaBHT (sodium 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate), a strong, but hindered and lipophilic base, has been effectively paired with similarly lipophilic, high‐reactivity Pd‐NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalysts to produce an ideal combination for performing solvent‐free (melt) cross‐coupling amination. The mild nucleophilicity of NaBHT, coupled with the anti‐oxidant properties of its conjugate acid byproduct, BHT means the process seems to have no functional group incompatibilities. Highly effective coupling of base‐sensitive and redox‐active functional groups was observed in all cases with only 0.1–0.2 mol percent catalyst. Comparisons using the standard base for this reaction, KOtBu, led to poor couplings or complete degradation in most applications – only NaBHT works.
Bidentate Disilicate Framework for Bis‐Grafted Surface Species
Authors: Ishizaka Yusuke , Arai Natsumi , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Nagashima Hiroki , Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Fukaya Norihisa , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Sato Kazuhiko , Choi Jun‐Chul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent advances in surface organometallic chemistry have enabled the detailed characterization of the surface species in single‐site heterogeneous catalysts. However, the selective formation of bis‐grafted surface species remains challenging because of the heterogeneity of the supporting surface. Herein, we introduce a metal complex bearing bidentate disilicate ligands, −OSi(OtBu)2OSi(OtBu)2O−, as a molecular precursor, which has a silicate framework adjacent to the metal (Pt) center. The grafting of the precursors on silica supports (MCM‐41 and CARiACT Q10) proceeded through a substitution reaction on the silicon atoms of the disilicate ligand, which was verified by the detection of isobutene and tBuOH as the elimination products, to selectively yield bis‐grafted surface species. The chemical structure of the surface species was characterized by solid‐state NMR, and the chemical shift values of the ancillary ligands and 195Pt nuclei suggested that the bidentate coordination sphere was maintained following grafting.
Exploring anchoring performance of defective MgO nanotubes for lithium–sulphur batteries: A density functional theory (DFT) study
Authors: Zhu Tianjiao , Hao Xiaoqian , Wu Qiao , Wang Wenju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, lithium–sulphur batteries have received great attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity. In the exploration of improving battery performance, developing suitable anchoring materials is one of the ways to suppress the shuttle effect which is one of the main problems of lithium–sulphur batteries. In this work, we investigated the anchoring ability of MgO nanotubes (MgONT) and defective MgO nanotubes (MgONTv) to lithium polysulphides (LiPSs) by density functional theory (DFT). The defect formation energy, the HOMO and LUMO of the defective MgONT, the energy difference (ΔE), and the adsorption energy were calculated. The optimized structures of LiPSs adsorbed on the MgONT and MgONTv were also obtained. The calculation results show that MgONTv1 has a strong adsorption effect on LiPSs, and its adsorption energy ranges from −1.78 to −4.51 eV. The adsorption of LiPSs narrows the bandgap of MgONTv. In other words, the conductivity of MgONTv is better than the pristine one. Our study demonstrates that MgONTv has more robust adsorption performance for LiPSs, which is an effective addictive material for the cathode of lithium–sulphur batteries. It can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the application of new one‐dimensional anchoring materials in the cathode of lithium–sulphur batteries.
In‐situ Immobilization of a Polyoxometalate Metal‐Organic Framework (NENU‐3) on Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide for Hydrazine Sensing
Authors: Liang Cuiyuan , Wang Xin , Yu Dexin , Guo Wei , Zhang Feng , Qu Fengyu 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionDetection of hydrazine originated from electrochemical media has recently gained considerable attention in the sensing field. Herein, to improve electron transfer capacity, a polyoxometalate metal‐organic framework (POMOF, NENU‐3) is in‐situ nucleated onto the carboxyl functionalized reduced graphene oxide (CFG) (NENU‐3/CFG, abbreviation N3/CFG). The N3/CFG supported onto carbon cloth electrodes (CCEs) has been investigated for hydrazine detection. The amperometric results display that the POMOF/CFG to hydrazine has a broad linear range (0.09—362.5 μmol/L) and low detection limit (24 nmol/L). In addition, the POMOF/CFG‐based sensors possess good anti‐interference capability, boosted stability and feasibility. Furthermore, when applied to the detection of practical samples, acceptable relative recoveries of 96.26%—107.30% are obtained.
Phoretic colloids close to and trapped at fluid interfaces
Authors: Malgaretti Paolo , Harting Jens 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe active motion of phoretic colloids leads them to accumulate at boundaries and interfaces. Such an excess accumulation, with respect to their passive counterparts, makes the dynamics of phoretic colloids particularly sensitive to the presence of boundaries and pave new routes to externally control their single particle as well as collective behavior. Here we review some recent theoretical results about the dynamics of phoretic colloids close to and adsorbed at fluid interfaces in particular highlighting similarities and differences with respect to solid‐fluid interfaces.
The impact of corporate social responsibility activities on stakeholders' value co‐creation behaviour
Authors: Mubushar Muhammad , Rasool Shahid , Haider Muhammad Imtiaz , Cerchione Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationships between corporate social responsible employees, corporate social responsible suppliers and customer value co‐creation behaviour in banking industry. More in detail it aims to investigate the mediating effect of relationship marketing orientation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and customer value co‐creation behaviour. Data collected from 383 banking customers are analysed through smart partial least square (PLS). The results highlight that corporate social responsible employees and suppliers have a positive impact on customer value co‐creation behaviour. Moreover, relationship marketing orientation has a mediating role between CSR activities and customer value co‐creation behaviour.
Differences in how mothers and fathers support children playfulness
Authors: Waldman‐Levi Amiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConceptual and methodological differences resulted in unclear evidence of whether parents do differ in how they engaged in joint play with their children. The purpose of the study was to examine whether mothers and fathers differed in how they support their child's playfulness through joint play experience. One‐hundred thirty‐two English‐speaking parent–child dyad with predominately married Caucasian parents of typically developing children aged 2 to 5 years participated in the study. Fifteen minutes of joint play video‐recorded observations at home were analyzed using Parent's/Caregiver Support of Children's Playfulness measuring quality and frequency of parental supportive behaviours and the Test of Playfulness measuring child's playfulness. Results indicated mothers displayed a significantly higher quality of support than fathers did. However, the frequency of parental supportive behaviour did not significantly differ between mothers and fathers, and no significant differences were found in children's playfulness.
Electronically coupled layered double hydroxide/MXene quantum dot metallic hybrids for high‐performance flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Li Nannan , Xiong Peixun , Jung Min Gyu , Kang Yingbo , Dou Qingyun , Liu Qing , Lee Jin Yong , Park Ho Seok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecise control of the local electronic structure and properties of electrocatalysts is important for enhancing the multifunctionality and durability of electrocatalysts and for correlating the structure/chemistry with the catalytic properties. Herein, we report electronically coupled metallic hybrids of NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet/Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots deposited on a nitrogen‐doped graphene surface (LDH/MQD/NG) for high‐performance flexible Zn–air batteries (ZABs). As verified from the Mott–Schottky and Nyquist plots, as well as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational analyses, the electronic and chemical coupling of LDH/MQD/NG modulates the local electronic and surface structure of the active LDH to provide metallic conductivity and abundant active sites, leading to significantly improved bifunctional activity and electrocatalytic kinetics. The rechargeable ZABs with LDH/MQD/NG hybrids are superior to the previous LDH‐based ZABs, demonstrating a high power density (113.8 mW cm−2) and excellent cycle stability (150 h at 5 mA cm−2). Moreover, the corresponding quasi solid‐state ZABs are completely flexible and practical, affording a high power density of 57.6 mW cm−2 even in the bent state, and in real‐life operation of tandem cells for powering various electronic devices.image
Flame retardancy effect of phosphorus graphite nanoplatelets on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer: Physical blending versus chemical modification
Authors: Moradkhani Ghane , Fasihi Mohammad , Brison Loic , Laoutid Fouad , Vahabi Henri , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel modified exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (GNP‐g‐APP), resulting from grafting ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) was prepared and evaluated as flame retardant for ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The effect of modification on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EVA was discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL‐94, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC), and mass loss calorimeter (MLC) analyses were employed for the evaluation of the thermal stability and flame retardancy of composites. The introduction of 20 wt.% GNP‐g‐APP into EVA resulted in significant enhancement in flame retardant properties with respect to the system containing physical mixture of GNP and APP. The former blend exhibited 57% decrease in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), and 35% reduction in the total heat release (THR) than the latter one in MLC test. Thus, pHRR was decreased from 940 kW.m−2 for neat EVA to 403 kW.m−2 for EVA containing GNP‐g‐APP. V0 rating (auto‐extinguishable behavior) was also observed in UL 94 chemically modified sample. According to the present study, chemical modification of GNP with APP is more effective than a physical mixing of GNP and APP in improving the flame retardant properties of EVA.
Language
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Sweden, English is a language with high status, and digitization in particular has made English easily available so that many children learn English outside of school, what is called ‘extramural English’ (Sundqvist and Sylvén 2016), through commercials, music, and different digital media, including online games, YouTube clips, etc.
Achievements and Impact of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership: The Story so Far
Authors: García Robles Ana , Zillner Sonja , Gerteis Wolfgang , Cattaneo Gabriella , Metzger Andreas , Alonso Daniel , Barbero Martina , Menasalvas Ernestina , Curry Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe European contractual Public-Private Partnership on Big Data Value (BDV PPP) has played a central role in the implementation of the revised Digital Single Market strategy, contributing to multiple pillars, including “Digitising European Industry”, “Digital Skills”, “Building the European Data Economy” and “Developing a European Data Infrastructure”. The BDV PPP and the Big Data Value Association have also played a pivotal role in the European Artificial Intelligence and Data Strategies launched by the European Commission in 2018. This chapter provides an overview and an in-depth analysis of the impact of the PPP by mid-2019, with a focus on the achievements and the overall impact since the launch of the PPP.
A Reference Model for Big Data Technologies
Authors: Curry Edward , Metzger Andreas , Berre Arne J. , Monzón Andrés , Boggio-Marzet Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Big Data Value (BDV) Reference Model has been developed with input from technical experts and stakeholders along the whole big data value chain. The BDV Reference Model may serve as a common reference framework to locate big data technologies on the overall IT stack. It addresses the main technical concerns and aspects to be considered for big data value systems. The BDV Reference Model enables the mapping of existing and future data technologies within a common framework. Within this chapter, we detail the reference model in more detail and show how it can be used to manage a portfolio of research and innovation projects.
A Best Practice Framework for Centres of Excellence in Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Curry Edward , Osagie Edo , Pavlopoulou Niki , Salwala Dhaval , Ojo Adegboyega 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents a best practice framework for the operation of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Centres of Excellence (BDAI CoE). The goal of the framework is to foster collaboration and share best practices among existing centres and support the establishment of new Centres of Excellence (CoEs) within Europe. The framework was developed following a phased design science process, starting from a literature review to create an initial framework which was enhanced with the findings of a multi-case study of existing successful CoEs. Each case study involved an in-depth analysis and a series of in-depth interviews with leadership personnel of existing CoEs.The resulting best practice framework models a CoE using open systems theory that comprises input (environment), transformation (CoE) and output (impact). The framework conceptualises the internal operation of the CoE as a set of high-level capabilities including strategy, governance, structure, funding, and people and culture. The core capabilities of the CoE include business development, collaboration, research support services, technical infrastructure, experimentation/demonstration platforms, Intellectual Property (IP) and data protection, education and public engagement, policy outreach, technology and knowledge transfer, and performance and impact assessment. In this chapter we describe the best practice framework for CoEs in big data and AI, including objectives, environment, strategic and operational capabilities, and impact. The chapter outlines how the framework can be used by a CoE to support its strategic direction and operational decisions over time, and how a new CoE can use it in the start-up phase. Based on the analysis of the case studies, the chapter explores the critical success factors of a CoE as defined by a survey of CoE managers. Finally, the chapter concludes with a summary.