bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The morphobiological specificities of the growth and development of promising hawthorn seedlings with different crown shapes in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Bessonova A V , Grigoreva L V , Zhidekhina T V , Shchukin R A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the literature there is very little information about fruiting, growth activity of various hawthorn species. Therefore, a comprehensive study of hawthorns is necessary in order to improve the health and living conditions in cities, as well as to obtain the highest quality harvest of fruits with valuable traits. The article presents data on the development of phases of vegetation of elite hawthorn seedlings using natural, improved vase-like and sparse-tiered crown forms in the Central Black Earth Region. It was found that the greatest annual growth of shoots was observed in the elite seedling Michurinsky Dessertniy with an improved vase-like crown shape. The largest fruits were obtained from an improved vase-like crown shape of hawthorn trees, (Karamelka, 3.7 g; Tambovskiy Volk, 3.4 g).
Bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations of apple tree varieties in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Tarova Z N , Bobrovich L V , Krivolapov I P , Korotkov A A , Borisova O A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study and analysis of the condition of garden plantings is the most important stage in assessing their profitability and determining the feasibility of further production. Bonitet assessment and inventory are one of the options for such an assessment. The paper presents various methods of assessing graft-rootstock combinations of apple trees in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The bonitet class of garden plantings has been determined, the growth characteristics of trees and their relationship with the sub-tree inventory and bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations have been analyzed.
Variability of the effects of combining ability in the breeding of F1 radish hybrids
Authors: Mironov A A , Ushanov A A , Voronina A V , Vorobyev M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on homozygous lines, three sterile and seven fertile, radishes were crossed by the method of two groups of genotypes. The resulting offspring and parental lines were tested when growing in soil, in a film greenhouse, using traditional techniques. The experiment was repeated twice to identify hybrid combinations showing consistent performance. The grown plants were evaluated according to economically valuable traits: the weight of the root crop and the aboveground vegetative part, the length, and diameter of the root crop. In the method proposed by V.K. Savchenko, statistical indicators of the combining ability of lines were calculated, including the effects of GCA. When tested at different times, we identified lines that changed the direction of the action of genes on the manifestation of quantitative traits. For the selection of lines for future breeding programs, lines were selected that showed stable performance. The test took the indicators of the inbred lines themselves, which made it possible to assess the relationship of the phenotypic manifestation of the trait with the effects of GCA of the same lines. The presence of close relationships allows simplifying the work of breeders, namely, to assess the manifestation of a trait in plants, without evaluating the offspring. For the same purpose, the presence of relationships between quantitative signs was assessed; during the test, close correlations were found in the first period, while in the second period they were absent. The data obtained indicate the unreliability of even close correlations obtained from the results of single tests. The indicators of the GCA effects of the studied lines are applicable for the selection of only a specific breeding institution, while the comparison of indicators for two or more test periods helps to identify patterns in the control of the inheritance of the studied quantitative traits.
Influence of complex feed additives on the meat productivity of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia
Authors: Grigoreva A I , Grigorev M F , Stepanova D I , Stepanova S I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of fattening young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia with the use of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials in their diets. One of the ways to increase the meat productivity of livestock is to optimize feeding by inserting complex feed additives into their diets. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of complex feed additives in the fattening of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia. At the beginning of the experiment, the live weight of the animals in the groups did not differ much, but starting from the age of 12 months, the superiority of the animals from the experimental groups is noted. In the period of 12-15 months of age, the animals from the experimental groups exceeded the growth rate of the control group by 6.70% and 4.76%. In the period of 15-18 months old, the animals of the control group were inferior to the experimental groups by 28.31% and 16.54%. On average, the animals of the experimental groups grew more intensively in comparison with the control group by 12.73% and 8.66 %. Analysis of animal slaughter data showed that the experimental groups were superior to the control group in a number of indicators, such as the mass of the steam carcass by 8.04% and 4.43 %, the mass of visceral fat by 18.59% and 7.39%. The organoleptic evaluation of meat products also confirmed the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group. Thus, the use of complex feed additives in the feeding of young cattle on fattening showed its effectiveness.
Influence of laser irradiation on state of chlorophyll-containing tissues of apple trees infected with pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Maslova M V , Grosheva E V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of the laser radiation impact on the functional state of the tissues of the apple-tree of the Antonovka ordinary variety showed that the use of coherent light enables to increase the level of photosynthetic activity. It is worth noting that the greatest effect of laser stimulation was observed in variants with artificial infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall (the causative agent of bacterial necrosis of fruit trees). This fact testifies to the activation of plant defense reactions against the pathogen. In this regard, the use of coherent light to increase plant resistance to pathogens is a promising direction for the development of organic farming.
Efficient use of water resources to increase agricultural production of rice
Authors: Bandurin M A , Yurchenko I F , Bandurina I P , Bandurin A P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The construction of the Krasnodar reservoir has significantly increased the volume of replenished reserves of pressure underground water, which contributes to improving the efficiency of the use of water resources in the Kuban River basin. Relevance in improving the efficiency of water resources in the basin of the river Kuban to develop new solutions to the agricultural production of rice ensures the quality of products and crop stability. The problem of water quality is very acute. In the Kuban River basin, the annual runoff is subject to vertical zoning, and there is a regular decrease in the annual runoff modulus with a decrease in the average height of the catchment area and along the length of the watercourse. The most effective control is the construction of treatment facilities and the biological method of control in areas of reservoirs with low water exchange. Phosphates are pollutants of artificial origin. The content of phosphates in the reservoir on average exceeds the MPC 1.5-2.0 times. The analysis of available data on bacteriological and parasitological studies gives an idea of the current state of water resources. The results of laboratory tests showed that no parasitological contamination of the water was detected. Bacteriological contamination is present in all parts of the reservoir. The main type of contamination is the excess content of coliform bacteria.
The influence of microbiological preparations on the quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region
Authors: Moiseeva K V , Volkova N A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the effect of microbiological preparations on the quality of winter wheat in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. The article provides the study of the following microbiological preparations: “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” “Organic”, as well as their combined use. The largest increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” and in option 3 “Double roots (Healthy roots) + Organic” by 4.2-2.5 g, which was 7.8-13.3% from the control variant. The highest protein content in winter wheat grain was found in option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots) – 13.3%. The rest of the studied options of the experiment were almost at the control level – 12.6-12.7%. According to the grain vitreousness indicator, option 1 “Double roots” (Healthy roots) and option 2 “Organic” dominated – 75 and 72%, respectively. All the studied options exceeded the control in the amount of gluten by 1-4%. The highest amount of gluten in our experiment was noted in option 2 “Organic” – 28.0% and in the first option “Double roots” (Healthy roots)” - 27.0%. According to the gluten quality in the units of the gluten deformation index, 1 quality group is marked – good. Microbiological preparations in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region showed a positive effect on improving the quality of winter wheat grain. Grain quality indicators were steadily formed within the standards for food grains of 2-3 classes.
The influence of bioregulating adaptogens on the growth processes, development and decorative qualities of an orchid
Authors: Varfolomeeva N I , Kazakova V V , Dinkova V S , Yu Manilova O 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt present, plant biostimulating adaptogens used in the process of growing a wide range of cultivated plants are artificial analogs of natural stimulants, the chemical composition of which contains phytohormones, amino acids and a vitamin complex, which enhance the growth and development of the root system of plants by several times. The effectiveness of these agents is explained by the creation of a mutually beneficial symbiosis of the mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi and the root system of the plant, thereby providing the roots of the orchid with biologically active elements: mineral salts, enzymes, hormones and vitamins. Mycorrhizal fungi, in turn, receive carbohydrates necessary for their growth and development. Due to the fact that indoor plants contain a small amount of growth regulators in their chemical composition, their synthetic analogs are necessary for the productive growth and development of the orchid, which determines the relevance of the research carried out. The article presents the results of experiments on the effect of biostimulating adaptogens Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra on the process of root formation of cuttings and morphological features in the studied species of dendrobium orchid. The studied plants were propagated in three ways: by dividing the bush, pseudobulbs and cuttings. The cuttings were soaked for 18 h before planting in drug solutions at a concentration of 1 ml/10 L of water. Also, vegetative plants were sprayed twice with biostimulants: in the phase of regrowth of the first leaf and two weeks later at a concentration of 0.5 ml/10 L of water. The results obtained showed differences in the experimental variants in terms of the onset of phenological phases: the beginning of the formation and regrowth of roots, leaves and peduncles, as well as the flowering period. The reaction of dendrobium to treatment with Ribav-extra, Ecopin and Epin-extra was revealed. In plants in all variants, the preparations used stimulated the development of the root system, leaf apparatus, and the appearance of peduncles. The phenophase data in the tested plants occurred 7-28 days earlier in comparison with the control variant (without the use of bioregulators). The treatment of the test plants with the growth regulator Ribav-extra promoted earlier regrowth of the first and second roots and leaves (by 20-28 days). Ekopin turned out to be the most passive and did not significantly affect the rate of development of the tested plants. The phenophases of regrowth of the 1st root and 1st leaf began 3-5 days earlier than the plants of the control variant. Ribav-extra and Epin-extra stimulated the appearance of peduncles in plants by the age of 3 years.
Development of the composition and technology of a probiotic fermented milk product with the addition of a plant ingredient
Authors: Bocharov V A , Mansurov A P , Bugrova I S , Lazutina A L , Nikolenko P G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research work reflects the problems of baby food at the present stage, arising from the low prevalence of high-grade specialized products. The expediency and possibilities of using microwave-drying vegetable powders for enriching fermented milk products for baby food with vitamins and dietary fiber are considered. A new fermented milk probiotic product with unique nutritional properties has been proposed, the optimal composition and features of its manufacture have been developed.
Preservation of the quality of Actinidia kolomikta berries using a modified atmosphere
Authors: Blinnikova O M , Novikova I M , Ilinsky A S , Eliseeva L G , Blinnikova D A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Actinidia berries are a unique natural source of ascorbic acid and many other important physiologically valuable nutrients, but they have a short shelf life. A modified atmosphere is of particular importance for preserving the quality of Actinidia berries during storage. The research was implemented in the laboratory of progressive technologies for storing fruits and vegetables of the research center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Michurinsky State Agrarian University on Actinidia berries of the Soroka variety. 600-700 g of freshly picked berries were placed in perforated plastic containers. The storage technology provided for the cooling of Actinidia to a temperature of + 0.5 ° C, the installation of perforated plastic containers with berries in the Xtend package, and packaging. The packages had two mini-cranes each, designed to connect the gas-analyzer inlet pneumatic line and return the medium. Storage was carried out in a refrigerator at a constant temperature of + 0.5 ° C and relative humidity of 90%. During the storage period, the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene in the bag was regularly measured, and the berries were examined, and their appearance was assessed. It was found that after three days of storage, the level of gas concentrations inside the package stabilized and over the next 28 days was in the range of 3.1-3.5% for carbon dioxide and 17.8-18.8% for oxygen. The intensity of ethylene release increased sharply on the 28th day of storage, which led to a significant decrease in the commercial quality of the berries. The studies have shown that to preserve the quality and extend the storage period of Actinidia berries, it is possible to recommend using a modified atmosphere, which ensures the preservation of the original quality of fresh berries. The optimal storage period is 24 days, with the yield of standard berries 94.4%, which is 2.3 times higher than the control. The duration of storage in a modified atmosphere is increased from 3 days to 24 days.
Study of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae and the prospects of their use in the food industry
Authors: K Yu Smirnova , Karmeeva Yu S , Bannikova A V , Smutnev P V , Shpul S V , Krasnikova E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study we carried out a physicochemical analysis of fatty acid esters (FFA) obtained from the biomass of larvae, which can be used as ingredients in the food industry and for the manufacture of feed. The acute toxicity of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae was determined. It was revealed that the acid and peroxide values of the fat fraction obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae are within the limits established by the norm, which indicates the high quality of this product. The fatty acid composition is represented mainly by lauric, palmitic, oleic and myristic acids. It was shown that the differences in fatty acid composition of the samples, obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae manually and using the Soxhlet extraction apparatus, were insignificant and within the acceptable values. In the study of presence of toxic elements in fat fractions, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, iron were not detected or they did not exceed the established values.
Systematic analysis of the succulent extraction process to improve bakery technology
Authors: Belokurova E V , Alekseeva T V , Malakova L A , Sargsyan M A , Sotnikov N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To improve the technology and extend the assortment of bakery products of preventive and functional orientation by introducing extracts of succulent plants, in particular aloe and kalanchoe, the authors have analyzed the process of extraction of vegetable materials and selected optimal conditions: process temperature - 100 °C, duration - 24 hours, the nature of the extractant - water, both for the aloe and kalanchoe extract. The study revealed that by adding the extracts to the semi-finished buns the quality of the products in organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters is not inferior to the control (without adding the plant extracts), and in some cases it becomes better, the optimum dosage is 8% of plant extracts of the amount of water in the dough. Based on the microstructure of the buns’ crumb it was found that the crumb with the addition of 8 % of plant extract in place of the amount of water in the recipe has a uniform structure, which was expressed in an increase in the pore diameter compared to other samples and a stable structure of micro-bridges between them. Such a micro pattern characterises the finished product, which has excellent quality parameters.
Particular qualities of formation of sensory characteristics of jam made from the fruits from musky squash
Authors: Piskunova N A , Osmolovskiy P D , Nemenushchaya L A , Dorozhkina A A , Vorobyova N N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of the research is to study particular qualities of formation of sensory characteristics of jam made from the fruits from musky squash (synthetic varieties of Tsukatnaya and Moskovskaya aromatnaya produced by LLC «N.N. Timofeev plant breeding station»). The authors conducted biometrical observation and identified descriptors that described technological properties of fruits and maturation dynamics. The jam was made with the addition of fruit raw materials and the replacement part of the water in the sugar syrups with apple juice and a sensory assessment of the quality of the finished product was carried out. The studied varieties of musky squash during the growing seasons of different weather conditions showed high stability in the formation of the yield of the raw material, leveled by the maturity degree. Storing the fruits of the studied varieties of musky squash after harvesting for at least 2-3 months improves the technological properties of the raw material, which has a positive effect on the formation of the sensory characteristics of the finished product. The bright orange pulp of the studied pumpkin varieties with an average carotene content from 10.13 (Moskovskaya aromatnaya) to 13.3 mg% (Tsukatnaya variety) has a pronounced sweet taste and a pleasant aroma. This allows getting the highest quality jam by replacing 25% of the water in the sugar syrup with apple juice or adding 25% apples to the squash fruit. The fruits of musky squash varieties of Tsukatnaya and Moskovskaya aromatnaya produced by LLC «N.N. Timofeev plant breeding station» used in the jam production were grown in the Moscow region. This results in the formation of sensory characteristics representative of a high-quality product.
Functional meat and vegetable pate with spirulina
Authors: Voloschenko L V , Baidina I A , Shevchenko N P , Trubchaninova N C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fundamental research has extensively described the various biological and medical effects of consuming the microalgae spirulina or its constituents. A number of studies indicate an increase in the immune response when they are used for the manifestation of anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and other important properties. The composition of spirulina and its biological effects make it a unique dietary supplement, the inclusion of which in food products will provide them with functional properties. It has been proven that spirulina has a number of important functional and technological properties for its use as a component in recipes for meat products. In the study of the functional and technological properties of spirulina, it was found that the water absorption capacity was 117.8%, fat absorption was 117.0% and the swelling degree was 177.6%. At the same time, spirulina had low emulsifying and gelling properties. The introduction of spirulina paste into the recipe in a dosage of 1 to 2.5% can increase the quality indicators of the finished product. Results of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, the most optimal level of spirulina administration was established, which was 2%. Analysis of the results of changes in the peroxide value in the pate samples during storage showed the presence of a high antioxidant activity of spirulina, which will extend the shelf life of the finished product.
Justification of the rotary working body for soil cultivation when fertilizing in the garden
Authors: Alyokhin A V , Gorshenin V I , Koldin M S , Drobyshev I A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the effect of milling the soil for fertilizing with the ability to obtain a soil structure, in which there will be a uniform distribution of fertilizers for their more active assimilation. The device of the rotary working body for the implementation of this technological process is presented. The theoretical substantiation of the curvilinear working surface of the knife is carried out to obtain the optimal structure of the soil. The dependence of the shape of the knife working surface on the parameter of the parabola p is plotted. The results of experimental studies are given. It was concluded that the quality of soil cultivation required by agricultural technology by this working body with a knife working surface made in a parabola was obtained with a parameter p = 2.5.