bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Objective, Quantitative Assessment of Flexible Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Lip and Perioral Enhancement
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Bertucci Vince , Solish Nowell , Lane Vanessa , Nogueira Alessandra 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
HARK is an FDA-approved flexible filler designed for lips.

OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively evaluate subject outcomes by measuring the change in lip texture, color (redness), lip fullness, and lip and perioral surface stretch (dynamic strain) after treatment.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
In this 8-week open-label, Phase IV multicenter study, subjects were treated with HARK in the lips and HARR and/or HARD in perioral wrinkles and folds as add-on treatment. Assessments included 2D photographic analyses of lip texture and color, and 3D photographic assessments of lip enhancement and dynamic strain.

RESULTS
HARK significantly improved lip texture (p ≤ .002), lip redness (p < .001), and added fullness to the lips (lip enhancement measurements; p < .001), at Week 8 after treatment. In addition, lower lip wrinkles were significantly reduced (p = .007) and there was a reduction in upper lip wrinkles (not statistically significant). Surface stretch (dynamic strain) in the lip and perioral region was significantly increased after treatment (p < .001).

CONCLUSION
This analysis provides an objective measure of the beneficial effects of flexible hyaluronic acid fillers in lip augmentation and perioral enhancement and demonstrates a significantly improved lip texture, red color, and fullness. A significant increase in surface stretch (dynamic strain) is indicative of tissue expansion and improvement in lip smoothness.
FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE SECONDARY TO LIVE INTRAOCULAR FILARIAL WORM: A NOVEL CLINICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Chawla Shobhit , Gupta Mohit , Misra Diva K. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report a unique case of live intraocular filarial worm leading to development of a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Methods:
An 18-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the right eye of 1 week duration. Her best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 6/24, whereas it was 6/6 in the left eye. Clinically, there was presence of a live intravitreal worm with FTMH and inferior retinal track marks in the right eye, whereas the left eye was normal. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the right eye established the FTMH with hyperreflective debris at its base. The patient underwent right eye vitrectomy with worm retrieval in-toto followed by an internal limiting membrane peel and 15% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. The worm sample was sent for histopathological analysis.

Results:
At 1 month, the patient had successive closure of FTMH with improvement in the visual acuity upto 6/6 in the right eye. Histopathology confirmed the worm as Wuchereria bancrofti.

Conclusion:
Presence of a live worm in posterior segment can precipitate formation of a FTMH. Possible reasons for development of MH could be secondary to subclinical trauma induced by excessive whipping movements of the worm in the subretinal space or by triggering an acute posterior vitreous detachment.
ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS IN A HEALTHY, TERM NEONATE
Authors: O'Bryhim Bliss E. , Harocopos George J. , Rajagopal Rithwick , Schwartz Drew J. , Lee Andrew R. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe an unusual case of unilateral, endogenous endophthalmitis in an otherwise healthy, term neonate.

Methods:
A 3-week-old otherwise healthy, term male infant was referred to St. Louis Children's Hospital for a second opinion of presumed panuveitis of the right eye.

Results:
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating purulent intraocular contents facilitated the diagnosis of endophthalmitis. Examination of surgical vitreous samples by staining and cytology demonstrated gram-positive bacterial cocci in short chains, thereby confirming endophthalmitis. Polymerase chain reaction testing of vitreous fluid identified Streptococcus agalactiae, despite an unremarkable systemic workup and a negative prepartum maternal Group B streptococcal screen.

Conclusion:
Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating cause of vision loss in otherwise healthy, term neonates. Prompt diagnosis may be facilitated by magnetic resonance imaging and diagnostic vitreous biopsy.
SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF MACULAR HOLE AFTER VITRECTOMY FOR MYOPIC RETINOSCHISIS WITH FOVEAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Funahashi Shoko , Ito Yasuki , Kataoka Keiko , Takeuchi Jun , Nakano Yuyako , Fujita Ai , Horiguchi Etsuyo , Taki Yosuke , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To discuss a case of a macular hole formation after vitrectomy for myopic retinoschisis with foveal detachment and spontaneous closure, during long-term follow-up.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 71-year-old man with myopic retinoschisis with foveal detachment had a vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling combined with cataract surgery in the left eye. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 8/20, and the axial length was 27.11 mm. A macular hole with foveal detachment was observed 1 month after surgery. However, the macular hole closed spontaneously with foveal detachment at 4 months of follow-up. Foveal detachment resolved, and the best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/20 at nine months of follow-up.

Conclusion:
This case suggests that the macular hole formed after vitrectomy for myopic retinoschisis with foveal detachment with internal limiting membrane peeling can close spontaneously.
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: current status and treatments
Authors: Reyes-Soffer Gissette 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
The role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is at the forefront of current research and treatment development programs. Despite extreme lowering of LDL-cholesterol there remains a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent large epidemiological, genomic wide association studies and Mendelian randomization studies have identified novel mechanisms and targets regulating TRL. This review will focus on recent and ongoing clinical trials that aim to reduce cardiovascular risk by decreasing plasma levels of TRL.

Recent findings
Ongoing efforts of basic and clinical scientist have described novel TRL regulating mechanism. The concentration on lifestyle changes is key to prevention and treatment guidelines. There is continue evidence that supports previous guidelines using fibrates alone and in combination with niacin to reduce TRLs, in special cases. The recent results from the REDUCE-IT study support the use of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for risk reduction and ASCVD, but recently presented data from the Long-Term Outcome Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk Reduction With Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction studies do not support the use of combination EPA/docosahexaenoic acid. The latter highlights the need for further studies into the pathways regulating ASCVD risk reduction after EPA administration. The identification of novel targets, such as apolipoprotein C3 and angiopoietin-like protein-3, are driving the development of novel treatments, and is the focus of this review.

Summary
The current management of elevated triglyceride levels and the effect on cardiovascular outcomes is an emerging area of research. New data from fish oil studies suggest differences in EPA vs. EPA/docosahexaenoic acid cardio protection outcomes. The preliminary data from ongoing clinical trials of novel triglyceride-lowering therapeutics are promising. These programs will ultimately provide foundations for future triglyceride-lowering guidelines.
Telehealth Competencies for Nursing Education and Practice
Authors: Rutledge Carolyn M. , O'Rourke Jennifer , Mason Anne M. , Chike-Harris Katherine , Behnke Lyn , Melhado Lolita , Downes Loureen , Gustin Tina 
Published: January 2021

Background
Telehealth is a rapidly growing health care delivery modality with advanced practice nurses as key providers. This growth has occurred without critical consideration of provider training. Training requires the development of competencies situated within a framework.

Problem
Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of telehealth competencies for education and practice.

Approach
Using the Four P's of Telehealth framework (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation), a modified Delphi technique was used to identify, develop, and evaluate telehealth competencies.

Outcomes
Competencies were arranged around telehealth domains, expected activities, and outcomes. Effective use of the competencies to guide curriculum development, practice, and future research related to telehealth was identified.

Conclusions
Providing education with competencies aligned to the Four P's Telehealth framework will provide learners with tools to assume leadership roles in all phases of telehealth implementation, delivery, and refinement.
Characteristics of Burn-Injured Children in 117 U.S. PICUs (2009–2017): A Retrospective Virtual Pediatric Systems Database Study*
Authors: McCrory Michael C. , Woodruff Alan G. , Saha Amit K. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Critcher Brittany M. , Holmes James H. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe characteristics and outcomes of children with burn injury treated in U.S. PICUs.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study of admissions in the Virtual Pediatric Systems, LLC, database from 2009 to 2017.

SETTING:
One hundred and seventeen PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Patients less than 18 years old admitted with an active diagnosis of burn at admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 2,056 patients were included. They were predominantly male (62.6%) and less than 6 years old (66.7%). Cutaneous burns were recorded in 92.1% of patients, mouth/pharynx burns in 5.8%, inhalation injury in 5.1%, and larynx/trachea/lung burns in 4.5%. Among those with an etiology recorded (n = 861), scald was most common (38.6%), particularly in children less than 2 years old (67.8%). Fire/flame burns were most common (46.6%) in children greater than or equal to 2 years. Multiple organ failure was present in 26.2% of patients. Most patients (89%) were at facilities without American Burn Association pediatric verification. PICU mortality occurred in 4.5% of patients. On multivariable analysis using Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, greater than or equal to 30% total body surface area burned was significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.16–13.51; p = 0.0003). When Pediatric Risk of Mortality III was used, greater than or equal to 30% total body surface area burned (odds ratio, 5.45; 95% CI, 1.95–15.26; p = 0.001) and inhalation injury (odds ratio, 5.39; 95% CI, 1.58–18.42; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with mortality. Among 366 survivors (18.6%) with Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category or Pediatric Overall Performance Category data, 190 (51.9%) had a greater than or equal to 1 point increase in Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category or Pediatric Overall Performance Category disability category and 80 (21.9%) had a new designation of moderate or severe disability, or persistent vegetative state.

CONCLUSIONS:
Burn-injured patients in U.S. PICUs have a substantial burden of organ failure, morbidity, and mortality. Coordination among specialized facilities may be particularly important in this population, especially for those with higher % total body surface area burned or inhalation injury.
Perioperative Adverse Events in Women Undergoing Vaginal Prolapse Repair With Uterine Preservation Versus Concurrent Hysterectomy: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Yuan Angela S. , Chang Olivia H. , Ferrando Cecile A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective
The objective of this study is to compare the incidence of perioperative adverse events (AEs) in women undergoing vaginal prolapse repair with uterine preservation (hysteropexy) versus concurrent hysterectomy.

Methods
This was a retrospective matched cohort study between 2012 and 2019. Patients who received a sacrospinous or uterosacral hysteropexy or colpopexy with hysterectomy were matched by surgeon, surgical year, and age. The electronic medical record was queried for demographic and perioperative data. Strict definitions were used for all clinically relevant AEs.

Results
One hundred and thirty hysteropexy (89 sacrospinous, 41 uterosacral) patients were matched to 260 concurrent hysterectomy (6 sacrospinous, 253 uterosacral, 1 both) patients. Mean age and body mass index were 58 years (±13 years) and 27.9 kg/m2 (±6 kg/m2). Compared with hysteropexy, cases with hysterectomy were longer, had higher blood loss, and a longer hospital stay. The overall incidence of AEs was 29.0% for concurrent hysterectomy versus 10.5% in hysteropexy cases (P = 0.02); on logistic regression, concurrent hysterectomy remained a statistically significant predictor of AEs, with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.48–11.01). There was no difference in Dindo grade 3 complications between concurrent hysterectomy and hysteropexy procedures (0.8% vs 1.3%, P = 0.12). In a subanalysis examining the 2 hysteropexy types, there were no significant differences in AEs.

Conclusions
The overall incidence of serious AEs is low in women with uterovaginal prolapse undergoing vaginal native tissue repair with or without hysterectomy. Vaginal hysteropexy is associated with lower odds of experiencing AEs, shorter operating times, a shorter length of stay, and less blood loss.
Helicobacter suis and Helicobacter pylori infection in a colony of research macaques: characterization and clinical correlates
Authors: Marini Robert P. , Patterson Mary M. , Muthupalani Sureshkumar , Feng Yan , Holcombe Hilda , Swennes Alton G. , Ducore Rebecca , Whary Mark M. , Shen Zeli , Fox James G. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction.

Helicobacter suis

(

Helicobacter heilmannii

type 1) commonly infects nonhuman primates but its clinical importance is in question.

Aim. To characterize

H. suis

infection in a colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) used in cognitive neuroscience research.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Inquiries into the nature of

Helicobacter suis

in nonhuman primates are required to further define the organism’s virulence and the experimental animal’s gastric microbiome.

Methodology. Animals with and without clinical signs of vomiting and abdominal pain (n=5 and n=16, respectively) were evaluated by histology, culture, PCR amplification and sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and serology. Three of the five animals with clinical signs, an index case and two others, were evaluated before and after antimicrobial therapy.

Results. The index animal had endoscopically visible ulcers and multifocal, moderate, chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis with intraglandular and luminal spiral bacteria. Antimicrobial therapy in the index animal achieved histologic improvement, elimination of endoscopically visible ulcers, and evident eradication but clinical signs persisted. In the other treated animals, gastritis scores were not consistently altered, gastric bacteria persisted, but vomiting and abdominal discomfort abated.
Nineteen of 21 animals were PCR positive for

H. suis

and five animals were also PCR positive for

H. pylori

. Organisms were detected by FISH in 17 of 21 animals: 16S rRNA sequences of two of these were shown to be

H. suis

. Mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis was seen in antrum, body and cardia, with antral gastritis more likely to be moderate than that of the body.

Conclusion. No clear association between the bacterial numbers of

Helicobacter

spp. and the degree of inflammation was observed.

H. suis

is prevalent in this colony of Macaca mulatta but its clinical importance remains unclear. This study corroborates many of the findings in earlier studies of

H. suis

infection in macaques but also identifies at least one animal in which gastritis and endoscopically visible gastric ulcers were strongly associated with

H. suis

infection. In this study, serology was an inadequate biomarker for endoscopic evaluation in diagnosis of

H. suis

infection.
Land Use Change and Coronavirus Emergence Risk
Authors: Rulli Maria Cristina , D’Odorico Paolo , Galli Nikolas , Hayman David T.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) causing coronaviruses are mostly discovered in Asian horseshoe bats. It is still unclear how ongoing land use changes may facilitate SARS-related coronavirus transmission to humans. Here we use a multivariate hotspot analysis of high-resolution land-use data to show that regions of China populated by horseshoe bats are hotspots of forest fragmentation, livestock and human density. We also identify areas susceptible to new hotspot emergence in response to moderate expansion of urbanization, livestock production, or forest disturbance, thereby highlighting regions vulnerable to SARS-CoV spillover under future land-use change. In China population growth and increasing meat consumption associated with urbanization and economic development have expanded the footprint of agriculture, leading to human encroachment in wildlife habitat and increased livestock density in areas adjacent to fragmented forests. The reduced distance between horseshoe-bats and humans elevates the risk for SARS-related coronavirus transmission to humans.Sentence summarizing manuscriptWildlife reservoirs for SARS-coronavirus-2 live in global hotspots of forest fragmentation, livestock, and human density in China
Pupillometry signatures of sustained attention and working memory
Authors: Keene Paul A. , deBettencourt Megan T. , Awh Edward , Vogel Edward K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere exists an intricate relationship between attention and working memory. Recent work has further established that attention and working memory fluctuate synchronously, by tightly interleaving sustained attention and working memory tasks. This work has raised many open questions about physiological signatures underlying these behavioral fluctuations. Across two experiments, we explore pupil dynamics using real-time triggering in conjunction with an interleaved sustained attention and working memory task. In Experiment 1, we use behavioral real-time triggering and replicate recent findings from our lab (deBettencourt et al., 2019) that sustained attention fluctuates concurrently with the number of items maintained in working memory. Furthermore, highly attentive moments, detected via behavior, also exhibited larger pupil sizes. In Experiment 2, we develop a novel real-time pupil triggering technique to track pupil size fluctuations in real time and trigger working memory probes. We reveal that this pupil triggering procedure elicits differences in sustained attention, as indexed by response time. These experiments reflect methodological advances in real-time triggering and further characterize an important biomarker of sustained attention.
Endothelial junctional membrane protrusions serve as hotspots for neutrophil transmigration
Authors: Arts Janine J.G. , Mahlandt Eike K. , Grönloh Max L.B. , Schimmel Lilian , Noordstra Ivar , van Steen Abraham C.I. , Tol Simon , van Rijssel Jos , Nolte Martijn A. , Postma Marten , Khuon Satya , Heddleston John M. , Wait Eric , Chew Teng-Leong , Winter Mark , Montanez Eloi , Goedhart Joachim , van Buul Jaap D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUpon inflammation, leukocytes rapidly transmigrate across the endothelium to enter the inflamed tissue. Evidence accumulates that leukocytes use preferred exit sites, though it is not yet clear how these hotspots in the endothelium are defined and how they are recognized by the leukocyte. Using lattice light sheet microscopy, we discovered that leukocytes prefer endothelial membrane protrusions at cell junctions for transmigration. Phenotypically, these junctional membrane protrusions are present in an asymmetric manner, meaning that one endothelial cell shows the protrusion and the adjacent one does not. Consequently, leukocytes cross the junction by migrating underneath the protruding endothelial cell. These protrusions depend on Rac1 activity and by using a photo-activatable Rac1 probe, we could artificially generate local exit-sites for leukocytes. Overall, we have discovered a new mechanism that uses local induced junctional membrane protrusions to facilitate/steer the leukocyte escape/exit from inflamed vessel walls.
Neural mechanisms of regulation of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others’ pain
Authors: Wu Taoyu , Han Shihui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerceived cues signaling others’ pain induce empathy that in turn motivates altruistic behavior toward those who appear suffering. This perception-emotion-behavior reactivity is the core of human altruism but does not always occur in real life situations. Here, by integrating behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging measures, we investigate neural mechanisms underlying the functional role of beliefs of others’ pain in modulating empathy and altruism. We show evidence that decreasing (or enhancing) beliefs of others’ pain reduces (or increases) subjective estimation of others’ painful emotional states and monetary donations to those who show pain expressions. Moreover, decreasing beliefs of others’ pain attenuates neural responses to perceived cues signaling others’ pain within 200 ms after stimulus onset and modulate neural responses to others’ pain in the frontal cortices and temporoparietal junction. Our findings highlight beliefs of others’ pain as a fundamental cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism and unravel the intermediate neural architecture.
Association between COVID-19 Outcomes and Mask Mandates, Adherence, and Attitudes
Authors: Adjodah Dhaval , Dinakar Karthik , Chinazzi Matteo , Fraiberger Samuel P. , Pentland Alex , Bates Samantha , Staller Kyle , Vespignani Alessandro , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe extend previous studies on the impact of masks on COVID-19 outcomes by investigating an unprecedented breadth and depth of health outcomes, geographical resolutions, types of mask mandates, early versus later waves and controlling for other government interventions, mobility testing rate and weather. We show that mask mandates are associated with a statistically significant decrease in new cases (-3.55 per 100K), deaths (-0.13 per 100K), and the proportion of hospital admissions (-2.38 percentage points) up to 40 days after the introduction of mask mandates both at the state and county level. These effects are large, corresponding to 14% of the highest recorded number of cases, 13% of deaths, and 7% of admission proportion. We also find that mask mandates are linked to a 23.4 percentage point increase in mask adherence in four diverse states. Lastly, using a large novel survey dataset of almost half a million people in 68 countries, we introduce the novel results that community mask adherence and community attitudes towards masks are associated with a reduction in COVID-19 cases and deaths. Our results have policy implications for reinforcing the need to maintain and encourage mask-wearing by the public, especially in light of some states starting to remove their mask mandates.