bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the Effects of Potential Botanical and Conventional Insecticides on the Reproductive and Developmental Aspects of the Pest Agrotis Ipsilion (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Gesraha Mohamed Ahmed , Ebeid Amany Ramadan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfn.), is known as a hazardous destructive pest for corn, Zea mays (L.) in Egypt, where it negatively affects corn yield production. Using insecticides continuously were sharply affected the progress of pest development in the field. The frequent uses of chemical pesticides to protect field crops leads to the development of insecticide-resistant strains.
Aim: Evaluate the insecticidal effect of four plant extracts with insecticidal properties and a chemical insecticide to control A. ipsilon using biological parameters and fertility life table. Also, to estimate the effects of these insecticidal materials on population growth, developmental progress, and nutritional indices and hence make recommendation of the type of insecticides to be used in Integrated Pest Management Programs.
Methodology: 1- Tested materials: (1) chemical insecticide (Chlorfenapyr at 0.5% concentration). (2) Four plant extracts (petroleum ether extracts of both Melia azedarach and Vinca rosea, and alcohol & hexane extracts of Conyza aegyptiaca) at 5% concentration each.
2- Tested insect: Agrotis ipsilon (the egg stage and the 4th larval instar).
3- Bioassay: Eggs and larvae were treated with tested materials separately, then different biological parameters were calculated.
4- Life table parameters: Life table parameters were calculate using the “Age-stage, two-sex life tables” computer program.
Results: The obtained data revealed that petroleum ether extracts of V. rosea and M. azedarach were the best antifeedant agents against the 4th larval instar of A. ipsilon. The female longevity was significantly shortened under the effect of both treatments of M. azedarach and Challenger insecticide. All tested materials reflected an effective decline in the female ability for laying eggs, where this effect was obvious in the case of M. azedarach and Challenger insecticide treatments. It was found that the Melia treatment prolonged the incubation and developmental periods for the immature stages leading to a reduction of some life table parameters of A. ipsilon and also increase the generation mean time.
Conclusion: The resultant data obtained in this work may help in the usage of plant extracts in the advancement of IPM programs for the greasy cutworm, (Agrotis ipsilon) in Egypt.
Agronomic Performance of Corn Cultivars in Low-Altitude in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone
Authors: Santos Weder Ferreira dos , Bequiman Lara Rythelle Souza , Maciel Lucas Carneiro , Peluzio Joênes Mucci , Júnior Osvaldo José Ferreira , Sodré Layanni Ferreira , Ferreira Talita Pereira de Souza , Cerqueira Fernando Barnabé , Faria Lucas Alves de 
Published: January 2021

e of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn cultivars for grain production in the south at low altitude in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.
Place: The research was carried out at Sítio Vitória (8°18'32.0"S, 50°36'58.0"W, 278 MASL), in the south of the state of Pará, Brazil.
Study Design: The experimental design was randomized blocks with twelve treatments and three replications. The treatments were eight corn hybrids: AG 1051, AG 8088, BM 3051, BR 2022, BR 205, BR 206, BRS 3046 and PR 27D28; and four open pollination populations: AL BANDEIRANTE, ANHEMBI, CATIVERDE and M 274.
Methodology: Sowed on January 28, 2019. The following characteristics were evaluated: ear height, plant height, number of grains per row, ear diameter, ear length, ear weight and grain yield.
Results: The cultivars showed a difference for all traits. The grain yield of the cultivars ranged from 4,567 kg ha-1 (BR 205) to 9,450 kg ha-1 (AG 1051).
Conclusion: The hybrids AG 1051 and BM 3051 were the ones that stood out the most, had the best performance in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.
Assessing the determinants of soil fertility in cocoa-based (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry systems in the Littoral region of Cameroon
Authors: Tsufac Azembouh Roshinus , Awazi Nyong Princely , Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban 
Published: January 2021

Soil fertility decline is a reality across the globe. Soil infertility has led to falling crop yields for both food and cash crops precipitating both poverty and food insecurity. Poor agricultural practices have often been blamed for declining levels of soil fertility. It was within this framework that this study was carried out to assess soil fertility levels in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Through the use of a mixed research approach and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis it was found that the most perceived indicators of soil fertility by cocoa farmers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were cocoa yields (100%), soil colour (90%), indicator plant species (75%), presence of soil macro-organisms (80%), indicator weed species (65%), growth rate/vigour of the cocoa plant (70%), and level of compaction of the soil (50%). Chi-square test statistic (X2 = 15.92, p<0.05) revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in cocoa farmers’ perceptions of soil fertility indicators in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Most cocoa farmers perceived the level of soil fertility in cocoa-based agroforestry systems to be between average (29%) and low (43%). Very few cocoa farmers perceived that soil fertility level in cocoa-based agroforestry systems was very high (5.3%). Chi-square test statistic (X2 = 38.42, p<0.05), revealed the existence of a statistically significant difference in cocoa farmers’ perception of the level of soil fertility in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Correlation and regression analyses showed the existence of a direct and inverse non-causal and causal relationship respectively between several explanatory variables and soil fertility in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. It was noticed that explanatory variables such as fertilizer/manure application, diversity of tree species in the cocoa agroforests, diversity of soil macro-fauna in the cocoa agroforests, and density of soil macro-fauna in the cocoa agroforests, all had a statistically significant (p<0.05) direct non-causal and causal relationship with soil fertility in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Meanwhile, explanatory variables such as age of the cocoa farm, density of cocoa plants in the cocoa agroforests, and application of agrochemicals in the cocoa agroforests, all had a statistically significant (p<0.05) non-causal and causal relationship with soil fertility in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. It is therefore recommended that there should be more organic fertilizer/manure application, more diversity of tree species in the cocoa agroforests, and measures to ensure the diversity and density of soil macro-fauna in cocoa-based agroforestry systems.
Research Progress on Auricularia delicata
Authors: Xiao Li , Jacob Muharagi Samwel , Bo Zhang , Anran Xu 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To describe the current status of A. delicata emphasizing on the key parameters; occurrence, classification, molecular studies, nutritional and medicinal benefits, cultivation status, and future development perspective.
Place and Duration of Study: China–Zambia Agricultural demonstration center and Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, China between July 2019 and June 2020.
Methodology: In this study, various literatures were reviewed for each parameter studied. Findings were deduced from current literatures and discussed.
Results: The screening of bioactive contents of A. delicata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds; chlorogenic, flavonoids, and ethyl acetate, polysaccharides; Chitosan, fibers, β-glucans, mannans, chitin, and melanin. These substances exhibit hepatoprotective effects, antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities against some microbes like Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. A. delicata also contains several nutrients namely; protein, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and minerals; Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, that play a vital role in human growth and development. Moreover, its cultivation using various technologies provides an opportunity for high yield production. A. delicata was recently studied at Jilin Agricultural University and domesticated in Heilongjiang province in the northeastern part of China. Due to the similarity of its fruiting body with the structure of the deer tripe, it was assigned a common name as “Deer tripe mushroom”. A. delicata mycelia are capable of growing on several culture media with different nutritional profiles, optimal temperatures and pH values. It is cultivated under tropic temperatures ranging from 25°C-30°C, optimal pH of 6.5, and humidity 80-90%. The commonly used media include; Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Yeast Extract Agar (YEA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA).
Conclusion: Therefore the above mentioned significant properties (occurrence, nutritional, medicinal, and cultivation) provide a foundation for further research on the development and utilization of A. delicata.
Effect of Aluminium Phosphide on Some Nutrients and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Arachis hypogaea
Authors: Nweze Chibuzo Carole , Sunday Haruna Gambo , Dallah Aminu , Danjuma Tsalla Belove 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To comparatively study the effect of aluminium phosphide preservative on some nutrientional and anti-nutritional factors in Arachis hypogaea.
Study Design: Randomized design
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nasarawa State University, Keffi between May and August, 2019.
Methodology: Two portions of A. hypogaea weighing 500g each, were obtained, one portion preserved with Aluminium phosphide tablet while the second portion was without any preservative. The preservation lasted for 30 days after which the A. hypogaea was blended using a mechanical blender before analysis for nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions.
Result: The proximate compositions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the NAPP than APP except the fiber (03.01±0.06 mg/100 g; 03.80±0.06 mg/100 g) and ash (01.00±0.06 mg/100 g; 02.23±0.06 mg/100 g). Carbohydrates (07.40±0.06 mg/100 g; 03.48±0.06 mg/100 g), protein (19.93±0.06 mg/100 g; 14.94±0.06 mg/100), fat (74.60±0.06 mg/100g; 68.08±2.75 mg/100 g), and moisture content (06.40±0.06 mg/100 g; 3.00±0.06 mg/100 g). Exception of phosphorus (65.00±0.06mg/100g; 63.00±0.06mg/100g), the minerals concentration was significantly(p<0.05) higher in NAPP compared to APP. Iron (76.20±0.06 mg/100 g; 62.00±0.06 mg/100 g), potassium (38.01±0.06mg/100 g; 26.20±0.06mg/100g), manganese (26.02±0.06mg/100g; 15.10±0.06 mg/100 g), magnesium (11.00±0.06mg/100g; 06.00±0.06 mg/100 g), calcium (82.10±0.06 mg/100 g; 72.00±0.06 mg/100 g) and zinc (25.01±0.06 mg/100 g; 14.01±0.06 mg/100 g).The anti-nutritional factors showed significant difference (p<0.05) higher in tannin (9.33±0.69 mg/100 g; 1.90±0.02 mg/100 g), oxalate (32.50±0.60 mg/100 g; 42.50±.60 mg/100 g), phytate (16.72±0.60 mg/100 g; 5.48±0.60 mg/100 g), alkaloid (16.72±0.60 mg/100g; 5.48±0.60 mg/100 g) and saponins (40.74±0.60 mg/100 g; 38.20±0.60 mg/100 g) except cyanide (0.02±0.00 mg/100 g; 0.02±0.00 mg/100 g).
Conclusion: The study showed that aluminium phosphide negatively affected the nutritional profile of A. hypogaea. Thus, the effect of aluminium phosphide should be further investigated in vivo.
Real‐World Six‐ and Twelve‐Month Drug Retention, Remission, and Response Rates of Secukinumab in 2,017 Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis in Thirteen European Countries
Authors: Michelsen Brigitte , Georgiadis Stylianos , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Loft Anne G. , Nissen Michael J. , Iannone Florenzo , Pombo‐Suarez Manuel , Mann Herman , Rotar Ziga , Eklund Kari K. , Kvien Tore K. , Santos Maria J. , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Codreanu Catalin , Yilmaz Sema , Wallman Johan K. , Brahe Cecilie H. , Möller Burkhard , Favalli Ennio G. , Sánchez‐Piedra Carlos , Nekvindova Lucie , Tomsic Matija , Trokovic Nina , Kristianslund Eirik K. , Santos Helena , Löve Thorvardur J. , Ionescu Ruxandra , Pehlivan Yavuz , Jones Gareth T. , van der Horst‐Bruinsma Irene , Ørnbjerg Lykke M. , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete L. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThere is a lack of real‐life studies on interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) inhibition in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We assessed real‐life 6‐ and 12‐month effectiveness (i.e., retention, remission, low disease activity [LDA], and response rates) of the IL‐17 inhibitor secukinumab in PsA patients overall and across 1) number of prior biologic/targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), 2) years since diagnosis, and 3) European registries.MethodsThirteen quality registries in rheumatology participating in the European Spondyloarthritis Research Collaboration Network provided longitudinal, observational data collected as part of routine care for secondary use. Data were pooled and analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier plots, log rank tests, Cox regression, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 2,017 PsA patients started treatment with secukinumab between 2015 and 2018. Overall secukinumab retention rates were 86% and 76% after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Crude (LUNDEX adjusted) 6‐month remission/LDA (LDA including remission) rates for the 28‐joint Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level, and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were 13%/46% (11%/39%), 36%/55% (30%/46%), and 13%/56% (11%/47%), and 12‐month rates were 11%/46% (7%/31%), 39%/56% (26%/38%), and 16%/62% (10%/41%), respectively. Clinical Disease Activity Index remission/LDA rates were similar to the SDAI rates. Six‐month American College of Rheumatology 20%/50%/70% improvement criteria responses were 34%/19%/11% (29%/16%/9%); 12‐month rates were 37%/21%/11% (24%/14%/7%). Secukinumab effectiveness was significantly better for b/tsDMARD‐naive patients, similar across time since diagnosis (<2/2–4/>4 years), and varied significantly across the European registries.ConclusionIn this large real‐world study on secukinumab treatment in PsA, 6‐ and 12‐month effectiveness was comparable to that in previous observational studies of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Retention, remission, LDA, and response rates were significantly better for b/tsDMARD‐naive patients, were independent of time since diagnosis, and varied significantly across the European countries.
Latest Progress on Photoabsorbent Materials for Multifunctional Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Jeon Sung Jae , Moon Doo Kyung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have revolutionized the field of photovoltaics (PVs) due to their unique abilities, such as transparency and color tunability, and have transformed normal power‐harvesting OSC devices into multifunctional devices, such as building‐integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, floating photovoltaics, and wearable electronics. Very recently, ST‐OSCs have seen remarkable progress, with a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency from below 7% to 12–14%, with an average visible transparency of 9–25%, especially due to the use of low bandgap semiconductors including polymer donors and non‐fullerene acceptors that exhibit absorption in the near‐infrared region as photoabsorbent materials. From this perspective, the latest developments in ST‐OSCs stemming from the innovations in photovoltaic materials that delivered multifunctional ST‐OSCs with top‐of‐the‐line power conversion efficiencies are discussed to shed light on the structure‐property relationship between molecular design and current challenges in this cutting‐edge research field. Finally, personal perspectives, including research directions for the future use of ST‐OSCs in multifunctional applications, are also proposed.
Extraordinary Magnetic Hardening in Nanowire Assemblies: the Geometry and Proximity Effects
Authors: Mohapatra Jeotikanta , Xing Meiying , Elkins Jacob , Beatty Julian , Liu J. Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrown's theorem on coercivity of ferromagnetic materials has predicted that the coercivity level is substantially higher than in practice for all the materials studied in experiments in the past seven decades, which is known as the Brown's paradox. In this paper, a system with a coercivity close to the one predicted by Brown's theorem is investigated. Cobalt nanowires are obtained by chemical synthesis that give rise to coercive forces significantly higher than the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, verifying the Brown's theorem. It is found that the coercivity is strongly dependent on the nanowire diameter, the alignment of the wires in an assembly, and the packing density of the assembly. An analysis based on the current experimental results and related literature reveals a coercivity ceiling in consideration of geometrical dimensions and the effective magnetic anisotropy. Quantitative information is obtained about the proximity effect on the coercivity and the magnetization which shows the correlation between the energy product and the packing density. Furthermore, it is found that by coating the nanowires with Fe, the energy density can be enhanced. These findings provide a guideline for materials design of future high‐performance permanent magnets that take advantage of shape anisotropy at the nanoscale.
New Frontiers in 3D Structural Sensing Robots
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kim Tae‐Ho , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdvanced robotics is the result of various contributions from complex fields of science and engineering and has tremendous value in human society. Sensing robots are highly desirable in practical settings such as healthcare and manufacturing sectors through sensing activities from human–robot interaction. However, there are still ongoing research and technical challenges in the development of ideal sensing robot systems. The sensing robot should synergically merge sensors and robotics. Geometrical difficulty in the sensor positioning caused by the structural complexity of sensing robots and their corresponding processing have been the main challenges in the production of sensing robots. 3D electronics integrated into 3D objects prepared by the 3D printing process can be the potential solution for designing realistic sensing robot systems. 3D printing provides the advantage to manufacture complex 3D structures in electronics in a single setup, allowing the ease of design flexibility, and customized functions. Therefore, the platform of 3D sensing systems is investigated and their expansion into sensing robots is studied further. The progress toward sensing robots from 3D electronics integrated into 3D objects and the advanced material strategies, used to overcome the challenges, are discussed.
Design, Fabrication, and Mechanism of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Based Photocatalyst
Authors: Bie Chuanbiao , Yu Huogen , Cheng Bei , Ho Wingkei , Fan Jiajie , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSolving energy and environmental problems through solar‐driven photocatalysis is an attractive and challenging topic. Hence, various types of photocatalysts have been developed successively to address the demands of photocatalysis. Graphene‐based materials have elicited considerable attention since the discovery of graphene. As a derivative of graphene, nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) particularly stands out. Nitrogen atoms can break the undifferentiated structure of graphene and open the bandgap while endowing graphene with an uneven electron density distribution. Therefore, NG retains nearly all the advantages of original graphene and is equipped with several novel properties, ensuring infinite possibilities for NG‐based photocatalysis. This review introduces the atomic and band structures of NG, summarizes in situ and ex situ synthesis methods, highlights the mechanism and advantages of NG in photocatalysis, and outlines its applications in different photocatalysis directions (primarily hydrogen production, CO2reduction, pollutant degradation, and as photoactive ingredient). Lastly, the central challenges and possible improvements of NG‐based photocatalysis in the future are presented. This study is expected to learn from the past and achieve progress toward the future for NG‐based photocatalysis.
Lattice Matching Growth of Conductive Hierarchical Porous MOF/LDH Heteronanotube Arrays for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Ying , Yan Liting , Dastafkan Kamran , Zhao Chuan , Zhao Xuebo , Xue Yingying , Huo Jiamin , Li Shuni , Zhai Quanguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe conjugation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into different multicomponent materials to precisely construct aligned heterostructures is fascinating but elusive owing to the disparate interfacial energy and nucleation kinetics. Herein, a promising lattice‐matching growth strategy is demonstrated for conductive MOF/layered double hydroxide (cMOF/LDH) heteronanotube arrays with highly ordered hierarchical porous structures enabling an ultraefficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CoNiFe‐LDH nanowires are used as interior template to engineer an interface by inlaying cMOF and matching two crystal lattice systems, thus conducting a graft growth of cMOF/LDH heterostructures along the LDH nanowire. A class of hierarchical porous cMOF/LDH heteronanotube arrays is produced through continuously regulating the transformation degree. The synergistic effects of the cMOF and LDH components significantly promote the chemical and electronic structures of the heteronanotube arrays and their electroactive surface area. Optimized heteronanotube arrays exhibit extraordinary OER activity with ultralow overpotentials of 216 and 227 mV to deliver current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 34.1 mV dec−1, ranking it among the best MOF and non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts for OER. The robust performance under high current density and vigorous gas bubble conditions enable such hierarchical MOF/LDH heteronanotube arrays as promising materials for practical water electrolysis.
Structure Design of Long‐Life Spinel‐Oxide Cathode Materials for Magnesium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Shimokawa Kohei , Atsumi Taruto , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Imashuku Susumu , Wagatsuma Kazuaki , Nakayama Masanobu , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Ichitsubo Tetsu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevelopment of metal‐anode rechargeable batteries is a challenging issue. Especially, magnesium rechargeable batteries are promising in that Mg metal can be free from dendrite formation upon charging. However, in case of oxide cathode materials, inserted magnesium tends to form MgO‐like rocksalt clusters in a parent phase even with another structure, which causes poor cyclability. Here, a design concept of high‐performance cathode materials is shown, based on: i) selecting an element to destabilize the rocksalt‐type structure and ii) utilizing the defect‐spinel‐type structure both to avoid the spinel‐to‐rocksalt reaction and to secure the migration path of Mg cations. This theoretical and experimental work substantiates that a defect‐spinel‐type ZnMnO3 meets the above criteria and shows excellent cycle performance exceeding 100 cycles upon Mg insertion/extraction with high potential (≈2.5 V vs Mg2+/Mg) and capacity (≈100 mAh g−1). Thus, this work would provide a design guideline of cathode materials for various multivalent rechargeable batteries.