bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis treatment within differentiated service delivery models in global HIV/TB programming
Authors: Tran Cuc H. , Moore Brittany K. , Pathmanathan Ishani , Lungu Patrick , Shah N. Sarita , Oboho Ikwo , Al‐Samarrai Teeb , Maloney Susan A. , Date Anand , Boyd Andrew T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionProviding more convenient and patient‐centred options for service delivery is a priority within global HIV programmes. These efforts improve patient satisfaction and retention and free up time for providers to focus on new HIV diagnoses or severe illness. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic precipitated expanded eligibility criteria for these differentiated service delivery (DSD) models to decongest clinics and protect patients and healthcare workers. This has resulted in dramatic scale‐up of DSD for antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole and tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment. While TB treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has traditionally involved frequent, facility‐based management, TB treatment can also be adapted within DSD models. Such adaptations could include electronic tools to ensure appropriate clinical management, treatment support, adherence counselling and adverse event (AE) monitoring. In this commentary, we outline considerations for DSD of TB treatment among PLHIV, building on best practices from global DSD model implementation for HIV service delivery.DiscussionIn operationalizing TB treatment in DSD models, we consider the following: what activity is being done, when or how often it takes place, where it takes place, by whom and for whom. We discuss considerations for various programme elements including TB screening and diagnosis; medication dispensing; patient education, counselling and support; clinical management and monitoring; and reporting and recording. General approaches include multi‐month dispensing for TB medications during intensive and continuation phases of treatment and standardized virtual adherence and AE monitoring. Lastly, we provide operational examples of TB treatment delivery through DSD models, including a conceptual model and an early implementation experience from Zambia.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 has catalysed the rapid expansion of differentiated patient‐centred service delivery for PLHIV. Expanding DSD models to include TB treatment can capitalize on existing platforms, while providing high‐quality, routine treatment, follow‐up and patient education and empowerment.
Metformin functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (KCC‐1‐nPr‐Met) as an innovative and green nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene derivatives
Authors: Rad Shiva Asadi , Shadjou Nasrin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn innovative nanocatalyst (KCC‐1‐nPr‐Met) has been prepared from the covalent attachment of metformin on the channels and the pores of n‐propyl amine functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) and used towards efficient, green, and high yield synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes derivatives by one‐pot three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone in H2O‐EtOH at room temperature. The designed nanocatalyst has been characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and adsorption/desorption analysis (BET) techniques. Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) was used to study the morphology of prepared nanocatalyst. The engineered nanocatalyst with uniform fibrous spheres has dendritic structure, high pore volume (0.35 cm3/g), and great surface area (178 m2/g). Hence, the specific dendritic structure of the prepared nanocatalyst not only improve the diffusion ability of the reactants and products, but also, increase the availability of dynamic sites in the pores and channels of the catalyst. According to the obtained results, a unique strategy was proposed towards the synthesis of important biologically active scaffolds in the presence of nontoxic and environmental friendly nanocatalyst and media. Milder reaction conditions (room temperature), shorter reaction times (5‐30 minutes), excellent yields (92%‐98%) of the products with higher purity, very simple workup procedure, and using of EtOH: H2O as a green solvent are the advantages of the presented work.
Mortality among ischemic and nonischemic heart failure patients with a primary implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
Authors: Yang Pil‐Sung , Kang Younghyun , Bae Han‐Joon , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Park Hyung‐Deuk , Joung Boyoung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention is controversial in patients with nonischemic heart failure (HF). We evaluated the mortality and predictors of mortality in patients with prophylactic ICD implantation for ischemic and nonischemic HF.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2017, 1097 patients (667, nonischemic HF and 430, ischemic HF) who underwent prophylactic ICD implantation, were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. We used propensity score overlap weighting to correct the differences between two groups.ResultsThose with ischemic HF were older (67.0 ± 10.1 vs 61.8 ± 14.2 years), more often male (71.4% vs 63.7%), and had more comorbidities than patients with nonischemic HF. During a median follow‐up of 37.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 14.2‐53.8 months), all‐cause mortality was higher in unweighted patients with ischemic HF than in those with nonischemic HF (10.9 vs 6.4 per 100 person‐years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38‐2.20; P < .001). However, after weighting, the annual all‐cause mortality rate was similar in both groups (9.5 vs 8.8 per 100 person‐years), with no significant difference in the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.71; P = .755). Older age and chronic kidney disease were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in both groups. There was no significant difference in cardiac and noncardiac mortality between the weighted nonischemic and ischemic HF groups.ConclusionsThe all‐cause, cardiac, and noncardiac mortality rates were similar between patients with nonischemic and ischemic HF who underwent prophylactic ICD implantation.
Relationship between physical activity, objective sleep parameters, and circadian rhythm in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Gururaj Rachita , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Vijaya Kumar K. , Hegde Anupama , Prakash Saxena PU , Nagaraja Ravishankar , Palesh Oxana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was developed to assess the relationship between physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm using accelerometer and urine melatonin levels in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Also, this study evaluated the changes in physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm during the seven‐week course of chemoradiotherapy.MethodsThis longitudinal study recruited 27 participants diagnosed with HNC who were planning to undergo chemoradiotherapy. Accelerometers worn for 3 days during the 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks of chemoradiotherapy were used to assess physical activity levels (step count and metabolic equivalents [METs]) and sleep quality (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], and sleep efficiency [SE]). Urine melatonin analysis was conducted using the morning void urine sample on 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks. The change in variables during the seven weeks and the correlation between them were analyzed.ResultsDuring the seven weeks, trends of reduction in variables of physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm were observed with significant decrease in step count, TST and melatonin levels. SE was found to have strong negative correlation with physical activity. TST was found to have moderate correlation with SE and step count. The variables of physical activity also showed moderate correlation among them.ConclusionThis study concludes that higher physical activity is associated with poor SE due to increased night‐time activity. There was a significant reduction in physical activity and sleep observed during seven weeks with moderate association between them. The significant circadian rhythm deregulation however showed poor association with the other variables.Level of Evidence: 2b
Tract‐Specific Spinal Cord Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Hernandez Ana Luisa C.C. , Rezende Thiago J.R. , Martinez Alberto R.M. , de Brito Mariana R. , França Marcondes C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord (SC) damage is a hallmark in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Neuroimaging has been able to capture some SC macroscopic changes, but no study has evaluated microstructural SC white matter (WM) damage in vivo.ObjectivesWe designed a cross‐sectional study to evaluate microstructural integrity in SC WM tracts of FRDA patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with an automated analysis pipeline.MethodsThirty patients and 30 matched healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We obtained cervical SC T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions. Images were processed using the Spinal Cord Toolbox v.4.3.0. For levels C2‐C5, we measured cross‐sectional area (CSA) and WM DTI parameters (axial diffusivity [AD], fractional anisotropy [FA], radial diffusivity [RD], and mean diffusivity [MD]). Age, duration, and FARS scores were also obtained.ResultsMean age and disease duration of patients were 31 ± 10 and 11 ± 9 years, respectively. There was CSA reduction in FRDA amongst all levels. Between‐group differences in FA, MD, and RD in total white matter (TWM), dorsal columns (DC), fasciculus gracilis (FG), fasciculus cuneatus (FC), and corticospinal tracts (CST) were present in all levels. FA and RD from TWM, DC, FC, and CST correlated with FARS scores, and in CST they also correlated with disease duration.ConclusionDTI uncovered abnormalities in SC WM tracts, which correlated with clinical features in FRDA. CSA and CST FA in C2 correlated best with disease severity, whereas DC FA showed the largest effect size to differentiate patients and healthy controls. SC WM microstructure is a potential neuroimaging biomarker to be explored in the disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Compact filtering crossover design based on SIW quintuple‐mode resonators
Authors: Qu Lili , Zhang Yonghong , Jing Huaishu , Liu Jiawei , Fan Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA compact filtering crossover utilizing substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) quintuple‐mode resonator (QMR) technology is proposed for the first time. Benefiting from this technology, the proposed crossover firstly breaks the status quo that SIW crossover filtering response is only concentrated in single passband, thereby extending the applications of the SIW crossovers. In design, the QMR is derived by embedding metal‐via holes in the conventional SIW resonant cavity, thus to produce quintuple resonant modes featuring with specific electric distributions. Next, by dividing these modes into two groups, a triple‐mode bandpass filter (BPF) channel and a single‐mode dual‐band BPF channel are both realized. To implement two flat passband channels, there are two SIW cavities cascaded. And also, the isolation between two channels is implemented by employing the orthogonal characteristic. In this way, a crossover is implemented. The proposed design method can be a good candidate for developing SIW multi‐band filtering crossovers. For verification, an example circuit has been designed, fabricated, and measured.
A posteriori error estimates for the large eddy simulation applied to stationary Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Nassreddine Ghina , Omnes Pascal , Sayah Toni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study in two and three space dimensions, the a posteriori error estimates for the large eddy simulation (LES) applied to the Navier–Stokes system. We begin by introducing the Navier–Stokes and the corresponding LES equations. Then we introduce the corresponding discrete problem based on the finite element method. We establish a posteriori error estimation with three types of error indicators related to the filter of the LES method, to the discretization and to the linearization. Finally, numerical investigations are shown and discussed.
Mouse‐INtraDuctal (MIND): an in vivo model for studying the underlying mechanisms of DCIS malignancy
Authors: Hong Yan , Limback Darlene , Elsarraj Hanan S , Harper Haleigh , Haines Haley , Hansford Hayley , Ricci Michael , Kaufman Carolyn , Wedlock Emily , Xu Mingchu , Zhang Jianhua , May Lisa , Cusick Therese , Inciardi Marc , Redick Mark , Gatewood Jason , Winblad Onalisa , Aripoli Allison , Huppe Ashley , Balanoff Christa , Wagner Jamie L , Amin Amanda L , Larson Kelsey E , Ricci Lawrence , Tawfik Ossama , Razek Hana , Meierotto Ruby O , Madan Rashna , Godwin Andrew K , Thompson Jeffrey , Hilsenbeck Susan G , Futreal Andy , Thompson Alastair , Hwang E Shelley , Fan Fang , Behbod Fariba ,   the Grand Challenge PRECISION Consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to widespread adoption of screening mammography, there has been a significant increase in new diagnoses of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, DCIS prognosis remains unclear. To address this gap, we developed an in vivo model, Mouse‐INtraDuctal (MIND), in which patient‐derived DCIS epithelial cells are injected intraductally and allowed to progress naturally in mice. Similar to human DCIS, the cancer cells formed in situ lesions inside the mouse mammary ducts and mimicked all histologic subtypes including micropapillary, papillary, cribriform, solid, and comedo. Among 37 patient samples injected into 202 xenografts, at median duration of 9 months, 20 samples (54%) injected into 95 xenografts showed in vivo invasive progression, while 17 (46%) samples injected into 107 xenografts remained non‐invasive. Among the 20 samples that showed invasive progression, nine samples injected into 54 xenografts exhibited a mixed pattern in which some xenografts showed invasive progression while others remained non‐invasive. Among the clinically relevant biomarkers, only elevated progesterone receptor expression in patient DCIS and the extent of in vivo growth in xenografts predicted an invasive outcome. The Tempus XT assay was used on 16 patient DCIS formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections including eight DCISs that showed invasive progression, five DCISs that remained non‐invasive, and three DCISs that showed a mixed pattern in the xenografts. Analysis of the frequency of cancer‐related pathogenic mutations among the groups showed no significant differences (KW: p > 0.05). There were also no differences in the frequency of high, moderate, or low severity mutations (KW; p > 0.05). These results suggest that genetic changes in the DCIS are not the primary driver for the development of invasive disease. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Diving into debate: Comparing discussion‐based and single‐presenter journal club formats in a large PM&R department
Authors: Hearn Sandra L. , Smith Sean R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundJournal clubs in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) advance the educational mission by uniting colleagues to learn of literature updates, consider clinical applications, practice critical thinking, and engage in lively dialogue and community. Although discussion‐based journal clubs have been shown to enhance quality, a model for their application across a large and clinically diverse department of PM&R has not been described, nor has one been evaluated in comparison to a single‐speaker podium format.ObjectiveTo develop a discussion‐based PM&R department‐wide journal club, present elements of the journal club model in a manner that would enable replication, and assess effectiveness as perceived by participants, compared to the prior (podium‐based, single‐speaker) format. It was hypothesized that a discussion‐based journal club would more effectively achieve educational goals and would be perceived by participants to be of greater quality and value.DesignPre‐post educational intervention study, using surveys of PM&R resident and faculty participants. Survey items used a 5‐point Likert scale. Unpaired 2‐tailed t‐tests were used to compare the formats.SettingA large academic PM&R department.ParticipantsPM&R faculty, residents, fellows: 26 respondents (preintervention) and 26 respondents (postintervention) out of a total of 94 and 98 people invited to participate, respectively.InterventionsA discussion‐based departmental journal club was designed and implemented, replacing the previous single‐speaker, podium‐based journal club.Main Outcome MeasuresPre‐ and post‐ intervention respondent ratings of (a) journal club quality and value, and (b) effectiveness in achieving specific educational goals.ResultsCompared to the traditional format, the discussion‐based format more effectively met the educational objectives, was of higher quality and value as perceived by respondents, and increased desire to attend the activity.ConclusionsThis discussion‐based journal club format can serve as a model for academic PM&R programs looking to enhance the educational value of journal club.
The Instagram/Facebook ban on graphic self‐harm imagery: A sentiment analysis and topic modeling approach
Authors: Smith Hayden , Cipolli William 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch indicates that adolescents who are vulnerable to self‐harm are likely to access social media specifically related to self‐harm, which often contains health myths and fails to provide linkages to appropriate resources. In this study, we examined the emotional discourse before and following a ban of graphic images of self‐harm on Facebook and Instagram. This observational case series study assesses a corpus of 8,013 tweets that specifically mention Facebook and/or Instagram between June 1, 2018, and May 31, 2019 (the ban occurred on February 7, 2019). Topical content was elucidated via statistical modeling to extract abstract topics in discourse. The graphic self‐harm ban produced emotional shifts in users of social media. A time series plot produced peaks of tweets on the banning of graphic images of self‐harm including political events, news coverage, and media exemplars of suicide (both celebrity and noncelebrity). We observed raw proportional differences with elevated emotions before the ban (i.e., disgust, joy, surprise, and trust) followed by elevated emotions occurring after the ban (i.e., anger, anticipation, and sadness). This study provides insight into how the policy‐change relating to self‐harm was received by those with a vested interest. These insights can be valuable to policymakers and advocates for those affected by self‐harm.
Could emotional and sensitization status affect postural sway in adults with knee osteoarthritis?
Authors: Soares Fabiana da Silva , Foppa Natalia , Dionisio Valdeci Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe manipulation of sensory conditions and attentional demand affect the postural sway in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it is not known if emotional and sensitization status affects postural sway in this population. This study aimed to test if older adults with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis with symptoms of depression and high sensitization would change the profile of postural sway.MethodsDesign: A cross‐sectional study was undertaken. Participants: The center of pressure parameters of 30 older adults with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis and 15 healthy controls were evaluated under different conditions manipulating the visual and attentional demand. We used the pressure pain threshold to measure the sensitization status. Furthermore, we applied the Beck Depression Inventory index to assess emotional status.ResultsManipulating the visual demand affected the center of pressure parameters for both groups, without differences between them. Compared to the healthy control group, the knee osteoarthritis group presented with worse scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, lower pressure pain threshold scores, and the correlations between the symptoms of depression and sensitization status ranged from weak to moderate. Finally, in the knee osteoarthritis group, we observed few and weak significant associations between the center of pressure parameters and the Beck Depression Inventory and the pressure pain threshold scores.DiscussionEmotional and sensitization status seem not to be more associated with the center of pressure of older adults with mild to moderate KOA than healthy adults. Thus, it suggests that this population can safely maintain postural sway, irrespective of depression symptoms and high sensitization.
From mobility attractiveness to mobility fatigue: The impact of repeated transnational mobility on the lives and aspirations of early‐career academics
Authors: Schaer Martine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the early stages of their career, academics often move abroad for fixed‐term positions, urged by the normative imperative to gain international experience and the need to accept academic opportunities where they arise. Drawing on three case studies comprising biographical and qualitative network interviews with academics, complemented in one case by a semistructured interview with a partner, this paper examines how early‐career academics experience repeated transnational mobility and deal with its implications on their and their family members' personal lives. The analysis shows that the repetitive nature of mobility associated with fixed‐term appointments is a significant aspect of academic precarity and provides insights into the compromises made by academics as they try to balance competing aspirations and demands pertaining to the different domains of their mobile lives.
Enhanced distributed state estimation with resilience to multiple disturbances and false data injection attacks
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Cao Songyin , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisturbances and attacks co‐exist widely in networked systems. Distributed state estimation of networked systems in the simultaneous presence of disturbances and attacks has been widely recognized as a challenging issue. In this article, an enhanced three‐stage approach for the detection and rejection of attacks is established for networked systems subject to multiple disturbances and false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, a multi‐layer distributed estimator with a disturbance observer layer is proposed. Then, an optimal observer‐based attack detection scheme is designed to specify an attack detection logic. After disturbance rejection and attack detection, an attack‐resilient estimator with a dynamic detection‐triggered structure is proposed to actively reject FDI attacks online. This three‐stage approach effectively separates the influence of disturbances and attacks in the distributed estimation process, enabling multiple heterogeneous disturbances and attacks across the sensor network to be rejected. A numeric example and comparisons are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.