bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking monologues in collaborative research: bridging knowledge systems through a listening-based dialogue of wisdom approach
Authors: Moreno-Cely Adriana , Cuajera-Nahui Darío , Escobar-Vasquez Cesar Gabriel , Vanwing Tom , Tapia-Ponce Nelson 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe urgent need to address the sustainability issues of the Anthropocene requires a dialogue capable of bridging different knowledge systems, values, and interests. This dialogue is considered one of the most crucial challenges in collaborative research approaches. With this research, we seek to break with monologues in collaborative research by offering a decolonising methodological approach that combines the notion of dialogue of wisdom, communication theories and ethical principles of Andean philosophy. The methodological framework, the circle of dialogue of wisdom, is the result of an iterative action–reflection process developed in a North–South collaborative research project for territorial planning in Bolivia. Our praxis confirms the potentials offered by a listening-based dialogue for (i) dealing with knowledge–power relations in collaborative research projects, (ii) promoting mutual learning and knowledge co-creation between different knowledge systems, (iii) re-valuating local and Indigenous knowledge, and (iv) decolonising the society–science–policy dialogue.
Comments on: Recent advances in directional statistics
Authors: Huckemann Stephan F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInspired by this felicitous, highly concentrated and rather exhaustive review of a rapidly growing field, many larger research areas that warrant further investigation come to mind. In this comment, three areas are selected: fully satisfactory PCA on tori and polyspheres, harnessing linearity through Lie algebras underlying homogeneous spaces such as those for directional data, and statistical analysis based on critical points (e.g. mode and antimodes) of Fréchet $$L^p$$

L
p

-functions.
Chia Seed Oil Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Wistar Rats: An Electrocardiographic, Biochemical and Histopathological Approach
Authors: Ahmed Akheruz Zaman , Mumbrekar Kamalesh D. , Satyam Shakta Mani , Shetty Prakashchandra , D’Souza Melanie Rose , Singh Varun Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer antibiotic that was widely used for treatment of various cancers. It produces free radicals which result in extreme dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. This study investigated the cardioprotective potential of chia seed oil, an active polyphenolic nutraceutical against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control, DOX control, test-A and test-B group. Animals were prophylactically treated with two different doses of test drug, i.e. chia seed oil 2.5 ml/kg/day and 5 ml/kg/day in test-A and test-B groups orally for 7 days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered intraperitoneally to DOX control, Test-A and Test-B animals on the seventh day to induce cardiotoxicity. ECG analysis was done before and after treatment. Besides ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH were analyzed. DOX had significantly altered ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH. Pre-treatment with chia seed oil significantly alleviated DOX-induced ECG changes and also guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum CK, CK-MB and AST levels. Chia seed oil alleviated histopathological alteration in DOX-treated rats. It also significantly inhibited DOX-induced GSH depletion and elevation of MDA. The present study revealed that chia seed oil exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies to precisely consider chia seed oil as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.
Exploring the relationship between mindfulness and rock-climbing: a controlled study
Authors: Wheatley Katherine A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMindfulness is a meditative practice that has received increasing attention within positive psychology as an effective tool to increase wellbeing and decrease anxiety. Previous research has demonstrated that rock-climbers have a higher endorsement of mindfulness and life satisfaction than the general population; yet to date, no research has empirically explored the relationship between mindfulness and rock-climbing. In the current study fifty-nine participants ($$ \overline{\mathrm{x}} $$

x
¯

= 20.63, SD = 1.60) were asked to complete measures of mindfulness, wellbeing and anxiety before and after participating in an ‘intervention’. The intervention consisted of a mindfulness activity followed by either indoor bouldering (a form of rock-climbing) versus a physical activity control. A mixed ANOVA revealed that participation in bouldering increased the measure of mindfulness significantly more than the control activity; however, no significant group differences were found for the measures of wellbeing and anxiety. A regression analysis then revealed that group condition accounted for 33% of the variance in post-intervention mindfulness levels when controlling for baseline levels of mindfulness. This is the first study to experimentally demonstrate that engagement with rock-climbing increases mindfulness in young adults. Theoretically, the results have implications for our understanding of “flow” and optimal human experience. Practically, the study highlights the potential to implement rock-climbing as a resilience-building activity and integrate the sport within therapeutic frameworks.
Tensors with eigenvectors in a given subspace
Authors: Ottaviani Giorgio , Shahidi Zahra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first author with B. Sturmfels studied in [16] the variety of matrices with eigenvectors in a given linear subspace, called the Kalman variety. We extend that study from matrices to symmetric tensors, proving in the tensor setting the irreducibility of the Kalman variety and computing its codimension and degree. Furthermore, we consider the Kalman variety of tensors having singular t-tuples with the first component in a given linear subspace and we prove analogous results, which are new even in the case of matrices. Main techniques come from Algebraic Geometry, using Chern classes for enumerative computations.
Historical and projected precipitation extremes over Pare watershed in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh W. R. , Barman S. , Sharma S. K. , Taggu A. , Bandyopadhyay A. , Bhadra A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand the historical and future climate change situation using 15 extreme precipitation indices in the Pare watershed of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Historical period (1981–2019) and future period (2021–2050) precipitation data are used to compute extreme precipitation indices in RClimDex software. The Pare watershed was divided into 13 subwatersheds; however, the results of the study showed no significant spatial variation. This study found that majority of the precipitation extreme indices are showing decreasing trends during the historical period and most of them are statistically insignificant at 95% confidence level. Only three indices such as SDII, CWD and MRI are found significant at 0.05 level in the Pare watershed. Though not significant, the annual precipitation amount in the Pare watershed was found decreasing at the rate of 3.3 mm per year during the study period. The trend analysis over the whole watershed indicated significant decreasing trends for CWD and MRI while indicating significant increasing trend for SDII. The representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 projected the extreme precipitation indices in a very similar way. The results of the trend analysis under RCP 8.5 showed significant decreasing trend only at SW10 for the index-moderate rainfall index (MRI). Various cases of RX1DAY and RX5DAY not falling during the months of monsoon were observed in both the historical and future periods. The percentage departures of the monsoon from its annual total had increased in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios as compared to the historical periods. The results of this climatic investigation suggest that the precipitation regime in the study area had been accompanied and also expected by overall reduction in precipitation amount, milder rainfall events, reduction in monsoon (June–September) rainfall and drier climatic conditions. With the prevalent historical scenario and future projected scenarios of the extreme precipitation indices, the water resource potential in the study area is expected to be greatly reduced, for which the authors seek the attention of various stakeholders in water and allied sectors to come together and discuss on the construction of water conservation structures so that agricultural activities can be expanded and remain sustainable.
Demonstration of a Polymer-Based Single Step Waveguide by 3D Printing Digital Light Processing Technology for Isopropanol Alcohol-Concentration Sensor
Authors: Swargiary Kankan , Jolivot Romuald , Mohammed Waleed Soliman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA polymer based horizontal single step waveguide for the sensing of alcohol is developed and analyzed. The waveguide is fabricated by 3-dimensional (3D) printing digital light processing (DLP) technology using monocure 3D rapid ultraviolet (UV) clear resin with a refractive index of n = 1.50. The fabricated waveguide is a one-piece tower shaped ridge structure. It is designed to achieve the maximum light confinement at the core by reducing the effective refractive index around the cladding region. With the surface roughness generated from the 3D printing DLP technology, various waveguides with different gap sizes are printed. Comparison is done for the different gap waveguides to achieve the minimum feature gap size utilizing the light re-coupling principle and polymer swelling effect. This effect occurs due to the polymer-alcohol interaction that results in the diffusion of alcohol molecules inside the core of the waveguide, thus changing the waveguide from the leaky type (without alcohol) to the guided type (with alcohol). Using this principle, the analysis of alcohol concentration performing as a larger increase in the transmitted light intensity can be measured. In this work, the sensitivity of the system is also compared and analyzed for different waveguide gap sizes with different concentrations of isopropanol alcohol (IPA). A waveguide gap size of 300 µm gives the highest increase in the transmitted optical power of 65% when tested with 10 µL (500 ppm) concentration of IPA. Compared with all other gaps, it also displays faster response time (t = 5 seconds) for the optical power to change right after depositing IPA in the chamber. The measured limit of detection (LOD) achieved for 300 µm is 0.366 µL. In addition, the fabricated waveguide gap of 300 µm successfully demonstrates the sensing limit of IPA concentration below 400 ppm which is considered as an exposure limit by “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health”. All the mechanical mount and the alignments are done by 3D printing fused deposition method (FDM).
Addressing the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Communities of Color
Authors: Graham Garth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith Black and Hispanic communities across the USA experiencing more detrimental negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with other demographic groups, the virus has exposed the racial and ethnic disparities in treatment and care that public health experts have been grappling with for years. This paper explains how the systematic collection of racial and ethnic data gleaned from COVID-19 testing in underserved communities can be used to better understand this pandemic and inform measures within our control to prevent the spread of disease in the future.
Thermal kinetics of micro-defects in He-ion implanted W and W5Re alloys
Authors: Liu Yong-Li , Song Ya-Min , Li Lei , Bai Ruo-Yu , Zhang Peng , Zhang Qiao-Li , Jin Shuo-Xue , Zhu Te , Lu Er-Yang , Cao Xing-Zhong , Wang Bao-Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the thermal evolution of vacancy-type defects in He-ion irradiated W and W5Re alloy, different isochronal annealing treatments from 373 to 1273 K were conducted on the irradiated materials. Positron annihilation spectroscopy including positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and Doppler broadening spectroscopy were mainly used to characterize the micro-defects evolution. The results showed that the thermal evolution characteristics of defects in both W and W5Re were similar. After He-ion irradiation, mono-vacancies with positron annihilation lifetime of ~ 190 ps were detected in W, together with a large amount of dislocation loops with positron annihilation lifetime of ~ 150 ps in W5Re alloys. The coarsening of vacancy clusters at the expense of small vacancy clusters was the main thermal evolution feature of vacancy-type defects in both W and W5Re when annealing temperature increased to 1073 K. In this progress, the positron annihilation lifetime increased to ~ 350 ps (clusters composed of 4 –8 mono-vacancies) in both W and W5Re. As the temperature increased to 1273 K, the positron annihilation lifetime decreased to ~ 240 ps, which was attributed to a significant population reduction of the dislocation loops, the dissociation of large HenVm complexes and the annealing of micro-voids in both W and W5Re. The vacancy-type defects in W5Re were more susceptible to the annealing temperature because of the formation of vacancy cluster-Re complexes. Re clusters in irradiated W5Re alloy could serve as the nucleation sites of He bubbles, which promoted the swelling and protrusion formation on the surface.
Policymaker perceptions of citizen needs: heuristics, accuracy, and partisan differences
Authors: BERGAN DANIEL E. , FITZPATRICK NATALIE 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDo policymaker perceptions reflect actual citizen needs? A vast literature has explored the extent to which policy is responsive to public opinion, but there is little systematic work on policymaker perceptions of socialproblems. We quantify social problems with a unique dataset of the number of phone calls placed by citizens to a free service that connects Michigan residents to service providers. We combine these data with a survey of local policymakers’ perceptions of social problems facing their own city shows, consistent with theories of bounded rationality, that policymakers use heuristics to make judgments about the extent of constituent needs in their city, and that policymaker perceptions reflect the prevalence of needs. However, partisan perceptions of needs diverge, with Democrats consistently perceiving greater needs than Republicans. There is no evidence that policy activity on the needs in the sample is responsive to constituent needs. We conclude with implications for theories of policy making and avenues for future research.
Hayekian behavioral economics
Authors: Sunstein Cass R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of Friedrich Hayek's most important arguments pointed to the epistemic advantages of the price system, regarded as an institution. As Hayek showed, the price system incorporates the information held by numerous, dispersed people. Like John Stuart Mill, Hayek also offered an epistemic argument on behalf of freedom of choice. A contemporary challenge to that epistemic argument comes from behavioral economics, which has uncovered an assortment of reasons why choosers err, and also pointed to possible distortions in the price system. But, even if those findings are accepted, what should public institutions do? How should they proceed? A neo-Hayekian approach would seek to reduce the knowledge problem by asking what individual choosers actually do under epistemically favorable conditions. In practice, that question can be disciplined by asking five subsidiary questions: (1) What do consistent choosers, unaffected by self-evidently irrelevant factors, end up choosing? (2) What do informed choosers choose? (3) What do active choosers choose? (4) When people are free of behavioral biases, including (say) present bias or unrealistic optimism, what do they choose? (5) What do people choose when their viewscreen is broad, and they do not suffer from limited attention? These questions are illustrated with reference to the intense controversy over fuel economy standards.
The incubatory chamber of marsupial carditids (Bivalvia: Carditidae: Thecaliinae) as an exaptation
Authors: Pérez Damián Eduardo , Soto Ignacio María 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMarsupial carditids of the subfamily Thecaliinae are characterized by the presence of an “incubatory chamber” in female shells, where the eggs hatch and develop during their first stages. According to recent phylogenetic studies, Thecaliinae are closely related to Carditinae, a group that has a byssal gape. This structure occurs in the same area as the incubatory chamber, and both structures could be evolutionarily related. Using the newest phylogenetic context for the subfamilies, we test whether the incubatory chamber of Thecaliinae is related to characters present in Carditinae. We also provided a more precise definition of the implied structures. Two distinct morphologies for the incubatory chamber are described: one with an exteriorly opened pouch (present in the generaPowellinaandMilneria) and the other with a completely internal funicular infold (present inThecalia). The byssal gape is present in the Cardiobyssata clade (Carditamerinae + (Carditinae + Thecaliinae)), and we discuss whether the incubatory chamber could be the result of an exaptation event, and the possible evolutionary pathways implied. According to the present evidence, we propose a co-optation of the byssal gape into a new function (brooding of larvae) at some point during the transition from the Carditinae to the Thecaliinae lineages, thus determining an exaptation. Adaptative processes probably modified this structure into the incubatory chamber (an external pouch first, and a funicular infold later). We discuss alternative scenarios and implications on phylogenetic studies and the importance of considering non-adaptative evolutionary scenarios in the study of evolutionary narratives.
Managing the observatory: discipline, order and disorder at Greenwich, 1835–1933
Authors: Johnston Scott Alan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents a case study of life and work at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich (1835–1933) which reveals tensions between the lived reality of the observatory as a social space, and the attempts to create order, maintain discipline and project an image of authority in order to ensure the observatory's long-term stability. Domestic, social and scientific activities all intermingled within the observatory walls in ways which were occasionally disorderly. But life at Greenwich was carefully managed to stave off such disorder and to maintain an appearance of respectability which was essential to the observatory's reputation and output. The article focuses on three areas of management: (1) the observatory's outer boundaries, demonstrating how Greenwich navigated both human and environmental intrusions from the wider world; (2) the house, examining how Greenwich's domestic spaces provided stability, while also complicating observatory life via the management of domestic servants; and (3) the scientific spaces, with an emphasis on the work and play of the observatory's boy computers. Together, these three parts demonstrate that the stability of the observatory was insecure, despite being perpetuated via powerful physical and social boundaries. It had to be continually maintained, and was regularly challenged by Greenwich's occupants and neighbours.
Answering for the past: Exploring the conditions of answerability over time
Authors: Ramsoomair Nicole 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWhether seen after a vehement denunciation of one's former values or a subtle change of heart, it is often thought that significant change to one's evaluative character could undermine responsibility for past wrongdoing. In this article, I explore this intuition by analyzing Angela Smith's concept of “responsibility as answerability.” I introduce an alteration/replacement distinction to define the limits of answerability over time. These limits are then further qualified by drawing on Delia Graff's work on Sorites type cases to argue that persons are answerable for past wrongdoing if they remain “saliently similar” in some relevant respects
Weak recovery of epiphytic lichen communities in Sweden over 20 years of rapid air pollution decline
Authors: Weldon James , Grandin Ulf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpiphytic lichens are sensitive to deteriorating air quality, but levels of nitrogen and especially sulphur deposition have been in decline over most of Europe in recent decades. We assessed the response of epiphytic lichens to this decline, using data from long-term monitoring sites in Sweden. We analyzed 20 years of data to investigate temporal trends in lichen communities’ sensitivity to sulphur, nitrogen preference, species richness and alpha and beta diversity. We found only limited and partial evidence of recovery in the area that previously had high levels of deposition, and a decline in mean sulphur sensitivity at a northern site with low deposition levels throughout the monitoring period. The slow recolonization of sensitive species, even where environmental conditions are now suitable, is probably a result of impoverished regional species pools and the inherent limited dispersal capacity of many lichen species. We suggest due consideration of these factors in the use of epiphytic lichens as environmental indicators in a period of improving air quality.
The independent and combined effects of cannabis use and systemic inflammation during the early stages of psychosis: exploring the two-hit hypothesis
Authors: Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana , Marques Leonardo , da Roza Daiane Leite , Loureiro Camila Marcelino , Shuhama Rosana , Di Forti Marta , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Del-Ben Cristina Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCannabis consumption is a modifiable risk factor associated with psychosis, but not all cannabis users develop psychosis. Animal studies suggest that an antecedent active immune system interacts with subsequent cannabis exposure and moderates the cannabis–psychosis association, supporting the two-hit hypothesis. The clinical investigations are few, and it is unclear if the immune system is a biological candidate moderating the cannabis–psychosis association or whether cannabis increases inflammation, which in turn, augments psychosis likelihood.MethodsWe explored the mediating and moderating role of blood inflammation using PROCESS macro. We used data from a cross-sectional study, including 153 first-episode psychosis patients and 256 community-based controls. Participants answered the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (cannabis frequency, age of onset, and duration), and plasma cytokines were measured [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); multiplex]. We computed an inflammatory composite score (ICS) to represent the systemic inflammatory state. Confounders included sex, age, ethnicity, educational level, body mass index, tobacco smoking, lifetime use of other drugs, and antipsychotic treatment.ResultsMediation: Cannabis consumption was not associated with increased inflammation, thus not supporting a mediating effect of inflammation. Moderation: Daily use and age of onset <17 interacted significantly with the ICS to increase the odds of psychosis beyond their individual effects and were only associated with psychosis among those scoring medium–high in the ICS.ConclusionsImmune dysregulation might be part of the pathophysiology of psychosis, not explained by cannabis use or other confounders. We provide the first and initial evidence that immune dysregulation modifies the cannabis–psychosis association, in line with a two-hit hypothesis.