bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults
Authors: McClain Amanda C , Gallo Linda C , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships.PurposeTo investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex.MethodsData were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24–32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1–10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p &lt; .10) before stratification.ResultsSSS–race/ethnicity–sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: −1.2 (0.4), p &lt; .05) and BMI (−0.6 [0.2], p &lt; .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p &lt; .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p &lt; .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p &lt; .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p &lt; .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p &lt; .01), versus White, males.ConclusionsSSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.
Estimated Prevalence of Hypertension and Undiagnosed Hypertension in a Large Inpatient Population: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Mahdi Adam , Armitage Laura C , Tarassenko Lionel , Watkinson Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In community populations the prevalence of hypertension, both in diagnosed and undiagnosed states, has been widely reported. However, estimates for the prevalence of hospitalized patients with average blood pressures (BPs) that meet criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension are lacking. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of patients in a UK hospital setting, whose average BPs meet current international guidelines for hypertension diagnosis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional observational study of patients admitted to adult wards in 4 acute hospitals in Oxford, United Kingdom, between March 2014 and April 2018.

Results
We identified 41,455 eligible admitted patients with a total of 1.7 million BP measurements recorded during their hospital admissions. According to European ESC/ESH diagnostic criteria for hypertension, 21.4% (respectively 47% according to American ACC/AHA diagnostic criteria) of patients had a mean BP exceeding the diagnostic threshold for either Stage 1, 2, or 3 hypertension. Similarly, 5% had a mean BP exceeding the ESC/ESH (respectively 13% had a mean BP exceeding the ACC/AHA) diagnostic criteria for hypertension, but no preexisting diagnostic code for hypertension or a prescribed antihypertensive medication during their hospital stay.

Conclusions
Large numbers of hospital inpatients have mean in-hospital BPs exceeding diagnostic thresholds for hypertension, with no evidence of diagnosis or treatment in the electronic record. Whether opportunistic screening for in-hospital high BP is a useful way of detecting people with undiagnosed hypertension needs evaluation.
Treatment With Oxygen-Enriched Olive Oil Improves Healing Parameters Following Augmentation-Mastopexy
Authors: Santorelli Adriano , Bernini Marco , Orzalesi Lorenzo , Avvedimento Stefano , Palumbo Paolo , Kothari Ashutosh , Fausto Alfonso , Magalotti Cesare , Buzzi Giuseppina , Sandroni Sara , Calabrese Claudio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast augmentation-mastopexy can yield an aesthetically attractive breast, but the 1-stage procedure is prone to unsatisfactory outcomes, including poor wound healing.

Objectives
The authors evaluated whether postsurgical application of a polyurethane bra cup coated with oxygen-enriched olive oil (NovoX Cup; Moss SpA, Lesa, Novara, Italy) would decrease pain associated with augmentation-mastopexy and improve the quality of the surgical scar.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a single center from January 2016 to June 2019. All patients underwent 1-stage augmentation-mastopexy with the inverted T incision. For 2 weeks postsurgically, wounds were dressed either with the oxygen-enriched olive oil bra or with Fitostimoline (Farmaceutici Damor SpA, Naples, Italy). Patients indicated their pain intensity on postoperative days 2, 3, and 10, and patients and independent observers scored scar quality on the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 6 and 12 months after the procedure.

Results
A total of 240 women (120 per study arm) completed the study. All the patients had satisfactory aesthetic results, and there were no tolerability concerns with either postoperative dressing. Compared with patients in the Fitostimoline group, patients who received the oxygen-enriched olive oil bra cup had significantly lower pain levels, and their surgical scars were given better scores on the POSAS.

Conclusions
The results suggest that maintenance of the surgical wound in a film of oxygen-enriched olive oil for 2 weeks is a safe, effective modality for suppressing pain and promoting healing following augmentation-mastopexy.

Level of Evidence: 2
Visual obstruction, but not moderate traffic noise, increases reliance on heterospecific alarm calls
Authors: Ratnayake Chaminda P , Zhou You , Dawson Pell Francesca S E , Potvin Dominique A , Radford Andrew N , Magrath Robert D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnimals rely on both personal and social information about danger to minimize risk, yet environmental conditions constrain information. Both visual obstructions and background noise can reduce detectability of predators, which may increase reliance on social information, such as from alarm calls. Furthermore, a combination of visual and auditory constraints might greatly increase reliance on social information, because the loss of information from one source cannot be compensated by the other. Testing these possibilities requires manipulating personal information while broadcasting alarm calls. We therefore experimentally tested the effects of a visual barrier, traffic noise, and their combination on the response of Australian magpies, Cracticus tibicen, to heterospecific alarm calls. The barrier blocked only visual cues, while playback of moderate traffic noise could mask subtle acoustic cues of danger, such as of a predator’s movement, but not the alarm-call playback. We predicted that response to alarm calls would increase with either visual or acoustic constraint, and that there would be a disproportionate response when both were present. As predicted, individuals responded more strongly to alarm calls when there was a visual barrier. However, moderate traffic noise did not affect responses, and the effect of the visual barrier was not greater during traffic-noise playback. We conclude that a reduction of personal, visual information led to a greater reliance on social information from alarm calls, confirming indirect evidence from other species. The absence of a traffic-noise effect could be because in Australian magpies hearing subtle cues is less important than vision in detecting predators.
Smart mating: the cognitive ability of females influences their preference for male cognitive ability
Authors: Álvarez-Quintero Náyade , Velando Alberto , Kim Sin-Yeon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCognitive abilities may be crucial for individuals to respond appropriately to their social and natural environment, thereby increasing fitness. However, the role of cognitive traits in sexual selection has received relatively little attention. Here, we studied 1) whether male secondary sexual traits (colour, courtship, and nest) reflect their cognitive ability, 2) whether females choose mates based on males' and their own cognitive abilities, and 3) how the interplay between secondary sexual traits and cognitive ability determines male attractiveness in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculetaus). For this, we first evaluated the cognitive ability of sexually mature males and females in a detour-reaching task. Then, female preference was repeatedly assessed in a dichotomous-choice test, where the female was exposed to two males with contrasting performances (relatively good and bad) in the detour-reaching task. Female preference for better performing males was affected by the female's own cognitive ability. Females with relatively medium-low cognitive ability preferred males with high ability, whereas females with high ability showed no preference. We also found that males with higher cognitive abilities built more elaborated nests, but showed weaker red nuptial colouration. To our knowledge, this is among the first results that illustrate how cognitive traits of both sexes influence female mate preference, which has implications for the strength and direction of sexual selection.
Methods of privacy-preserving genomic sequencing data alignments
Authors: Lu Dandan , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ling , Wang Haiyan , Weng Wanlin , Li Li , Cai Hongmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenomic data alignment, a fundamental operation in sequencing, can be utilized to map reads into a reference sequence, query on a genomic database and perform genetic tests. However, with the reduction of sequencing cost and the accumulation of genome data, privacy-preserving genomic sequencing data alignment is becoming unprecedentedly important. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of secure genomic data comparison schemes. We discuss the privacy threats, including adversaries and privacy attacks. The attacks can be categorized into inference, membership, identity tracing and completion attacks and have been applied to obtaining the genomic privacy information. We classify the state-of-the-art genomic privacy-preserving alignment methods into three different scenarios: large-scale reads mapping, encrypted genomic datasets querying and genetic testing to ease privacy threats. A comprehensive analysis of these approaches has been carried out to evaluate the computation and communication complexity as well as the privacy requirements. The survey provides the researchers with the current trends and the insights on the significance and challenges of privacy issues in genomic data alignment.
A new approach to decode DNA methylome and genomic variants simultaneously from double strand bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Liang Jialong , Zhang Kun , Yang Jie , Li Xianfeng , Li Qinglan , Wang Yan , Cai Wanshi , Teng Huajing , Sun Zhongsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenetic and epigenetic contributions to various diseases and biological processes have been well-recognized. However, simultaneous identification of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and DNA methylation levels from traditional bisulfite sequencing data is still challenging. Here, we develop double strand bisulfite sequencing (DSBS) for genome-wide accurate identification of SNVs and DNA methylation simultaneously at a single-base resolution by using one dataset. Locking Watson and Crick strand together by hairpin adapter followed by bisulfite treatment and massive parallel sequencing, DSBS simultaneously sequences the bisulfite-converted Watson and Crick strand in one paired-end read, eliminating the strand bias of bisulfite sequencing data. Mutual correction of read1 and read2 can estimate the amplification and sequencing errors, and enables our developed computational pipeline, DSBS Analyzer (https://github.com/tianguolangzi/DSBS), to accurately identify SNV and DNA methylation. Additionally, using DSBS, we provide a genome-wide hemimethylation landscape in the human cells, and reveal that the density of DNA hemimethylation sites in promoter region and CpG island is lower than that in other genomic regions. The cost-effective new approach, which decodes DNA methylome and genomic variants simultaneously, will facilitate more comprehensive studies on numerous diseases and biological processes driven by both genetic and epigenetic variations.
Improved inference of tandem domain duplications
Authors: Aluru Chaitanya , Singh Mona 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Protein domain duplications are a major contributor to the functional diversification of protein families. These duplications can occur one at a time through single domain duplications, or as tandem duplications where several consecutive domains are duplicated together as part of a single evolutionary event. Existing methods for inferring domain-level evolutionary events are based on reconciling domain trees with gene trees. While some formulations consider multiple domain duplications, they do not explicitly model tandem duplications; this leads to inaccurate inference of which domains duplicated together over the course of evolution.

Results
Here, we introduce a reconciliation-based framework that considers the relative positions of domains within extant sequences. We use this information to uncover tandem domain duplications within the evolutionary history of these genes. We devise an integer linear programming approach that solves our problem exactly, and a heuristic approach that works well in practice. We perform extensive simulation studies to demonstrate that our approaches can accurately uncover single and tandem domain duplications, and additionally test our approach on a well-studied orthogroup where lineage-specific domain expansions exhibit varying and complex domain duplication patterns.

Availability and implementation
Code is available on github at https://github.com/Singh-Lab/TandemDuplications.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Population Receptive Field Characteristics in the between- and Within-Digit Dimensions of the Undominant Hand in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Wang Luyao , Zhang Zhilin , Okada Tomohisa , Li Chunlin , Chen Duanduan , Funahashi Shintaro , Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Somatotopy is an important guiding principle for sensory fiber organization in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which reflects tactile information processing and is associated with disease-related reorganization. However, it is difficult to measure the neuronal encoding scheme in S1 in vivo in normal participants. Here, we investigated the somatotopic map of the undominant hand using a Bayesian population receptive field (pRF) model. The model was established in hand space with between- and within-digit dimensions. In the between-digit dimension, orderly representation was found, which had low variability across participants. The pRF shape tended to be elliptical for digits with high spatial acuity, for which the long axis was along the within-digit dimension. In addition, the pRF width showed different change trends in the 2 dimensions across digits. These results provide new insights into the neural mechanisms in S1, allowing for in-depth investigation of somatosensory information processing and disease-related reorganization.
Population-Based Estimates of Post-acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection (PASC) Prevalence and Characteristics
Authors: Hirschtick Jana L , Titus Andrea R , Slocum Elizabeth , Power Laura E , Hirschtick Robert E , Elliott Michael R , McKane Patricia , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence suggests many people have persistent symptoms after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC).

Methods
We used a population-based probability survey of adults with COVID-19 in Michigan. Living noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 in the Michigan Disease Surveillance System with COVID-19 onset through mid-April 2020 were eligible for selection (N = 28 000). Among 2000 selected, 629 completed the survey between June–December 2020. We estimated PASC prevalence, defined as persistent symptoms ≥30 (30-day COVID-19) or ≥60 (60-day COVID-19) days post–COVID-19 onset, overall and by sociodemographic and clinical factors. We used modified Poisson regression to produce adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for potential risk factors.

Results
The analytic sample (n = 593) was predominantly female (56.1%), aged ≥45 years (68.2%), and non-Hispanic White (46.3%) or Black (34.8%). Thirty- and 60-day COVID-19 were highly prevalent (52.5% and 35.0%), even among nonhospitalized respondents (43.7% and 26.9%) and respondents reporting mild symptoms (29.2% and 24.5%). Respondents reporting very severe (vs mild) symptoms had 2.25 times higher prevalence of 30-day COVID-19 (aPR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.46–3.46) and 1.71 times higher prevalence of 60-day COVID-19 (aPR, 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02–2.88). Hospitalized (vs nonhospitalized) respondents had ~40% higher prevalence of both 30-day (aPR, 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12–1.69) and 60-day (aPR, 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02–1.93) COVID-19.

Conclusions
PASC is highly prevalent among cases reporting severe initial symptoms and, to a lesser extent, cases reporting mild and moderate symptoms.
Combination Therapy With Tocilizumab and Dexamethasone Cost-Effectively Reduces Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality
Authors: Sinha Pranay , Linas Benjamin P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent randomized trials suggest that interleukin-6 inhibitors reduce mortality due to severe coronavirus disease 2019. Using a decision tree model, we found that tocilizumab is cost-effective with an estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $16 520 per quality-adjusted life year gained (95% credible interval, 10 760–51 530).
mRNA modifications in cardiovascular biology and disease: with a focus on m6A modification
Authors: Kumari Rajesh , Ranjan Prabhat , Suleiman Zainab Gbongbo , Goswami Sumanta Kumar , Li Jing , Prasad Ram , Verma Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Among several known RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most studied RNA epitranscriptomic modification and controls multiple cellular functions during development, differentiation, and disease. Current research advancements have made it possible to examine the regulatory mechanisms associated with RNA methylation and reveal its functional consequences in the pathobiology of many diseases, including heart failure. m6A methylation has been described both on coding (mRNA) and non-coding RNA species including rRNA, tRNA, small nuclear RNA and circular RNAs. The protein components which catalyze the m6A methylation are termed methyltransferase or ‘m6A writers’. The family of proteins that recognize this methylation are termed ‘m6A readers’ and finally the enzymes involved in the removal of a methyl group from RNA are known as demethylases or ‘m6A erasers’. At the cellular level, different components of methylation machinery are tightly regulated by many factors to maintain the m6A methylation dynamics. The m6A methylation process impacts different stages of mRNA metabolism and the biogenesis of long non-coding RNA and miRNA. Although, mRNA methylation was initially described in the 1970s, its regulatory roles in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases are broadly unexplored. Recent investigations suggest the important role of m6A mRNA methylation in both hypertrophic and ischaemic heart diseases. In the present review, we evaluate the significance of m6A methylation in the cardiovascular system, in cardiac homeostasis and disease, all of which may help to improve therapeutic intervention for the treatment of heart failure. RNA methylation in cardiovascular diseases: altered m6A RNA (coding and non-coding RNA) methylation is identified during different cardiovascular diseases. Increased cardiac hypertrophy is observed following METTL3 overexpression. In contrast, reduced FTO level was seen in mice following myocardial infarction. Increased cardiac fibroblasts activation or increased atherosclerotic plaques were also co-related with m6A RNA methylation.
Secondary School-based Interventions and Social Engagement of Deaf Young Adults
Authors: Ryan Claire , Shaver Debra , Garberoglio Carrie Lou , Newman Lynn A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Successful social engagement is one of many important outcomes for deaf youth as they transition from high school to adult life. This study examined the effect of self-advocacy and social/life skill trainings in secondary school settings on social engagement after high school using propensity score modeling and data from the large-scale and nationally representative National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. Analyses focused on three types of post-high school social engagement: frequency of seeing friends, involvement in group activities, and participation in community service. A fourth outcome variable was created to indicate whether the individual was at least minimally engaged. Results found that deaf youth who received self-advocacy training in secondary school were significantly more likely to be at least minimally engaged than those who had not. These findings suggest that self-advocacy training in high school can help protect deaf youth against social isolation in young adulthood.
Spatial characterization of the tachycardia circuit of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G , Marine Joseph E , Katritsis George , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Zografos Theodoros , Zimetbaum Peter , Buxton Alfred E , Calkins Hugh , Morady Fred , Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Anderson Robert H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
The exact circuit of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) remains elusive. To assess the location and dimensions of the AVNRT circuit.

Methods and results
Both typical and atypical AVNRT were induced at electrophysiology study of 14 patients. We calculated the activation time of the fast and slow pathways, and consequently, the length of the slow pathway, by assuming an average conduction velocity of 0.04 mm/ms in the nodal area. The distance between the compact atrioventricular node and the slow pathway ablating electrode was measured on three-dimensionally reconstructed fluoroscopic images obtained in diastole and systole. We also measured the length of the histologically discrete right inferior nodal extension in 31 human hearts. The length of the slow pathway was calculated to be 10.8 ± 1.3 mm (range 8.2–12.8 mm). The distance from the node to the ablating electrode was measured in five patients 17.0 ± 1.6 mm (range 14.9–19.2 mm) and was consistently longer than the estimated length of the slow pathway (P &lt; 0.001). The length of the right nodal inferior extension in histologic specimens was 8.1 ± 2.3 mm (range 5.3–13.7 mm). There were no statistically significant differences between these values and the calculated slow pathway lengths.

Conclusion
Successful ablation affects the tachycardia circuit without necessarily abolishing slow conduction, probably by interrupting the circuit at the septal isthmus.