bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the Applying of Nuclear Energy to the Seizure of the Arctic Zone of Russian Federation
Authors: Stoyanov A D , Eidemiller K Yu , Lobatyuk V V , Prischepa A S , Lagutin O V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The land use planning and management of the Arctic zone (AZ) is among the most significant items on the agenda today in terms of geopolitics and at the same time in terms of economics and technology. For Russia, the AZ is a strategically important part of the country, which occupies a significant territory; as a result, the problem of ensuring the developing of the energy network operating here is one of the priorities. Within this work, an analysis of the energy sector and prospects for its expansion are proposed, with a special emphasis on nuclear energy as the most competitive source of energy in the Extreme North.
Digitalization of Arctic shipping along the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Vicentiy A V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The proportion of scientific papers devoted to studying and scientifically substantiating climate change and ice melting in northern latitudes has been steadily increasing in recent years. Of particular interest to our country are researches studying climate change in the Arctic and the consequences of these changes. One of the effects of climate change is the retreat of Arctic ice to the North. Thereby, it becomes possible to more effectively use the Northern Sea Route. The Northern Sea Route is very promising both economically and strategically. Therefore, its development and active use is an important task for the state. However, there are a large variety of obstacles and problems related to the effective development of the Northern Sea Route. One of the most important is the underdevelopment of transport and logistics infrastructure, as well as insufficient digitalization of the basic services required for safe navigation in the difficult conditions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In this context, the digitalization of Arctic shipping along the Northern Sea Route is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to develop approaches, methods and tools to ensure the digital transformation of Arctic shipping. Such infrastructure elements as Arctic ports, as well as services for ice and pilotage of vessels are considered separately. As the main research methods, we selected system analysis, conceptual modeling, ontological modeling and engineering. Two ontologies are presented as scientific and practical results obtained in the work: the ontology of the Arctic seaports of Russia and the ontology of shipping support in the waters of the Northern Sea Route. The paper also considers several promising directions for the development of the results obtained. One of these directions is related to the digitization of the most important components of the transport and logistics system for shipping along the northern coasts of the Russian Federation. This will provide better access to maritime transport infrastructure along the Arctic routes through the use of a single digital platform. We believe that the development of knowledge-based decision-making systems and machine learning approaches for maritime logistics management in the Arctic is a promising area for further research.
Teaching Endangered Languages of Oral Tradition: How and What to Assess?
Authors: Karyolemou Marilena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report the results of a study undertaken at the University of Cyprus (2017–2020) in the framework of the research project MapCyArS financed by the Leventis Foundation. The study concerns the design and development of an assessment test to evaluate proficiency in Cypriot Arabic (CA), a severely endangered language spoken in Cyprus. The article discusses the principles that need to guide the development of such tests and the need to take into consideration the structural, functional, and pragmatic conditions of the endangerment situation. The test uses audio and visual material to assess knowledge of vocabulary, non-verbal activities to assess oral comprehension in narratives, and admits translanguaging as a way to assess CA oral comprehension in dialogue. It is divided into six internally rated activities that concern exclusively oral comprehension and production. Four tasks target oral comprehension, one measures oral production; a last one assesses grammatical/metalinguistic competence.
Development of quantitative analytical method for volatile thiol compound with LC-ESI-MS as nonvolatile derivative by integrating a thiol-specific derivatization
Authors: Kawano Yusuke , Suzuki Kengo , Ohtsu Iwao 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Generally, volatile thiols are hard to be measured with electrospray-ionization-type LC-MS due to the volatility. Therefore, we here evaluated the pretreatment of their S-bimanyl derivatization by monobromobimane to enable the detection as nonvolatile derivative. Consequently, we successfully developed the convenient and efficient method through the quantitative analysis of 2-furanmethanethiol (volatile thiol odorant of coffee aroma) in coffee bean.
Identification of miRNA–disease associations via multiple information integration with Bayesian ranking
Authors: Zhu Chi-Chi , Wang Chun-Chun , Zhao Yan , Zuo Mingcheng , Chen Xing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, increasing microRNA (miRNA)–disease associations were identified through traditionally biological experiments. These associations contribute to revealing molecular mechanism of diseases and preventing and curing diseases. To improve the efficiency of miRNA–disease association discovery, some calculation methods were developed as auxiliary tools for researchers. In the current study, we raised a novel model named Bayesian Ranking for MiRNA–Disease Association prediction (BRMDA) by improving Bayesian Personalized Ranking from three aspects: (i) taking advantage of similarity of diseases and miRNAs; (ii) incorporating miRNA bias for miRNAs associated with different number of diseases; and (iii) implementing neighborhood-based approach for new miRNAs and diseases. For each investigated disease, BRMDA used the set of triples (i.e. disease, labeled miRNA, unlabeled miRNA) that reflected association preference of the disease to miRNAs as training set, which made full use of unknown samples rather than simply considering them as negative samples. To investigate the predictive performance of BRMDA, we employed leave-one-out cross-validation and obtained Area Under the Curve of 0.8697, which outperformed many classical methods. Besides, we further implemented three distinct classes of case studies for three common Neoplasms. As a result, there are 44 (Colon Neoplasms), 49 (Esophageal Neoplasms) and 49 (Lung Neoplasms) among the top 50 predicted miRNAs validated through experiments. In short, BRMDA would be a trustable tool for inferring valuable associations.
Identifying complex gene–gene interactions: a mixed kernel omnibus testing approach
Authors: Liu Yan , Gao Yuzhao , Fang Ruiling , Cao Hongyan , Sa Jian , Wang Jianrong , Liu Hongqi , Wang Tong , Cui Yuehua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenes do not function independently; rather, they interact with each other to fulfill their joint tasks. Identification of gene–gene interactions has been critically important in elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the variation of a phenotype. Regression models are commonly used to model the interaction between two genes with a linear product term. The interaction effect of two genes can be linear or nonlinear, depending on the true nature of the data. When nonlinear interactions exist, the linear interaction model may not be able to detect such interactions; hence, it suffers from substantial power loss. While the true interaction mechanism (linear or nonlinear) is generally unknown in practice, it is critical to develop statistical methods that can be flexible to capture the underlying interaction mechanism without assuming a specific model assumption. In this study, we develop a mixed kernel function which combines both linear and Gaussian kernels with different weights to capture the linear or nonlinear interaction of two genes. Instead of optimizing the weight function, we propose a grid search strategy and use a Cauchy transformation of the P-values obtained under different weights to aggregate the P-values. We further extend the two-gene interaction model to a high-dimensional setup using a de-biased LASSO algorithm. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method. Application to two case studies further demonstrates the utility of the model. Our method provides a flexible and computationally efficient tool for disentangling complex gene–gene interactions associated with complex traits.
Data-driven identification of SARS-CoV-2 subpopulations using PhenoGraph and binary-coded genomic data
Authors: Yang Zhi-Kai , Pan Lingyu , Zhang Yanming , Luo Hao , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor epidemic prevention and control, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 subpopulations sharing similar micro-epidemiological patterns and evolutionary histories is necessary for a more targeted investigation into the links among COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 with similar genetic backgrounds. Genomic sequencing analysis has demonstrated the ability to uncover viral genetic diversity. However, an objective analysis is necessary for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 subpopulations. Herein, we detected all the mutations in 186 682 SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We found that the GC content of the SARS-CoV-2 genome had evolved to be lower, which may be conducive to viral spread, and the frameshift mutation was rare in the global population. Next, we encoded the genomic mutations in binary form and used an unsupervised learning classifier, namely PhenoGraph, to classify this information. Consequently, PhenoGraph successfully identified 303 SARS-CoV-2 subpopulations, and we found that the PhenoGraph classification was consistent with, but more detailed and precise than the known GISAID clades (S, L, V, G, GH, GR, GV and O). By the change trend analysis, we found that the growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 diversity has slowed down significantly. We also analyzed the temporal, spatial and phylogenetic relationships among the subpopulations and revealed the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 to a certain extent. Hence, our results provide a better understanding of the patterns and trends in the genomic evolution and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.
Communicative And Affective Components in Processing Auditory Vitality Forms: An fMRI Study
Authors: Di Cesare G , Cuccio V , Marchi M , Sciutti A , Rizzolatti G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn previous studies on auditory vitality forms, we found that listening to action verbs pronounced gently or rudely, produced, relative to a neutral robotic voice, activation of the dorso-central insula. One might wonder whether this insular activation depends on the conjunction of action verbs and auditory vitality forms, or whether auditory vitality forms are sufficient per se to activate the insula. To solve this issue, we presented words not related to actions such as concrete nouns (e.g.,“ball”), pronounced gently or rudely. No activation of the dorso-central insula was found. As a further step, we examined whether interjections, i.e., speech stimuli conveying communicative intention (e.g., “hello”), pronounced with different vitality forms, would be able to activate, relative to control, the insula. The results showed that stimuli conveying a communicative intention, pronounced with different auditory vitality forms activate the dorsal-central insula. These data deepen our understanding of the vitality forms processing, showing that insular activation is not specific to action verbs, but can be also activated by speech acts conveying communicative intention such as interjections. These findings also show the intrinsic social nature of vitality forms because activation of the insula was not observed in the absence of a communicative intention.
The Social Cerebellum: A Large-Scale Investigation of Functional and Structural Specificity and Connectivity
Authors: Metoki Athanasia , Wang Yin , Olson Ingrid R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cerebellum has been traditionally disregarded in relation to nonmotor functions, but recent findings indicate it may be involved in language, affective processing, and social functions. Mentalizing, or Theory of Mind (ToM), is the ability to infer mental states of others and this skill relies on a distributed network of brain regions. Here, we leveraged large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data to elucidate the structural and functional role of the cerebellum in mentalizing. We used functional activations to determine whether the cerebellum has a domain-general or domain-specific functional role, and effective connectivity and probabilistic tractography to map the cerebello-cerebral mentalizing network. We found that the cerebellum is organized in a domain-specific way and that there is a left cerebellar effective and structural lateralization, with more and stronger effective connections from the left cerebellar hemisphere to the right cerebral mentalizing areas, and greater cerebello-thalamo-cortical and cortico-ponto-cerebellar streamline counts from and to the left cerebellum. Our study provides novel insights to the network organization of the cerebellum, an overlooked brain structure, and mentalizing, one of humans’ most essential abilities to navigate the social world.
Static versus Functional PET: Making Sense of Metabolic Connectivity
Authors: Sala Arianna , Lizarraga Aldana , Ripp Isabelle , Cumming Paul , Yakushev Igor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, Jamadar et al. (2021, Metabolic and hemodynamic resting-state connectivity of the human brain: a high-temporal resolution simultaneous BOLD-fMRI and FDG-fPET multimodality study. Cereb Cortex. 31(6), 2855–2867) compared the patterns of brain connectivity or covariance as obtained from 3 neuroimaging measures: 1) functional connectivity estimated from temporal correlations in the functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent signal, metabolic connectivity estimated, 2) from temporal correlations in 16-s frames of dynamic [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), which they designate as functional FDG-PET (fPET), and 3) from intersubject correlations in static FDG-PET images (sPET). Here, we discuss a number of fundamental issues raised by the Jamadar study. These include the choice of terminology, the interpretation of cross-modal findings, the issue of group- to single-subject level inferences, and the meaning of metabolic connectivity as a biomarker. We applaud the methodological approach taken by the authors, but wish to present an alternative perspective on their findings. In particular, we argue that sPET and fPET can both provide valuable information about brain connectivity. Certainly, resolving this conundrum calls for further experimental and theoretical efforts to advance the developing framework of PET-based brain connectivity indices.
Remediation of Mucorales-contaminated Healthcare Linens at a Laundry Facility Following an Investigation of a Case Cluster of Hospital-acquired Mucormycosis
Authors: Sundermann Alexander J , Clancy Cornelius J , Pasculle A William , Liu Guojun , Cheng Shaoji , Cumbie Richard B , Driscoll Eileen , Ayres Ashley , Donahue Lisa , Buck Michael , Streifel Andrew , Muto Carlene A , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
In an investigation of hospital-acquired mucormycosis cases among transplant recipients, healthcare linens (HCLs) delivered to our center were found to be contaminated with Mucorales. We describe an investigation and remediation of Mucorales contamination at the laundry supplying our center.

Methods
We performed monthly RODAC cultures of HCLs upon hospital arrival, and conducted site inspections and surveillance cultures at the laundry facility. Remediation was designed and implemented by infection prevention and facility leadership teams.

Results
Prior to remediation, 20% of HCLs were culture-positive for Mucorales upon hospital arrival. Laundry facility layout and processes were consistent with industry standards. Significant step-ups in Mucorales and mold culture-positivity of HCLs were detected at the post-dryer step (0% to 12% [P = .04] and 5% to 29% [P = .01], respectively). Further increases to 17% and 40% culture-positivity, respectively, were noted during pre-transport holding. Site inspection revealed heavy Mucorales-positive lint accumulation in rooftop air intake and exhaust vents that cooled driers; intake and exhaust vents that were facing each other; rooftop and plant-wide lint accumulation, including in the pre-transport clean room; uncovered carts with freshly-laundered HCLs. Following environmental remediation, quality assurance measures and education directed toward these sources, Mucorales culture-positivity of newly-delivered HCLs was reduced to 0.3% (P = .0001); area of lint-contaminated rooftop decreased from 918 m2 to 0 m2 on satellite images.

Conclusions
Targeted laundry facility interventions guided by site inspections and step-wise culturing significantly reduced Mucorales-contaminated HCLs delivered to our hospital. Collaboration between infection prevention and laundry facility teams was crucial to successful remediation.
Beyond remain vs. leave: understand changing voter perceptions and attitudes towards Populism—evidence from Scotland and the West Midlands
Authors: de Ruyter Alex , Hearne David , Murshed Syed Mansoob , Whittam Geoff , Aguma Dennis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the link between populism and governance arrangements. Adopting a comparative approach between the West Midlands and Scotland, it utilises novel primary qualitative data alongside official results and demographic statistics. Paying particular attention to the perspectives of remain-voters in “left behind” areas and how they perceive their Leave-voting counterparts, the article finds that despite divergent voting patterns both groups perceived a problematic lack of (regional) political agency. Economic disparities and subnational governance arrangements appear important in explaining discontent in those parts of the UK that have been “left behind” by globalisation. Meaningful devolution will be key in addressing these grievances.
Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense
Authors: Shirasawa Kenta , Kobayashi Nobuo , Nakatsuka Akira , Ohta Hideya , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To enhance the genomics and genetics of azalea, the whole-genome sequences of two species of Rhododendron were determined and analysed in this study: Rhododendron ripense, the cytoplasmic donor and ancestral species of large-flowered and evergreen azalea cultivars; and Rhododendron kiyosumense, a native of Chiba prefecture (Japan) seldomly bred and cultivated. A chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of R. ripense was constructed by single-molecule real-time sequencing and genetic mapping, while the genome sequence of R. kiyosumense was assembled using the single-tube long fragment read sequencing technology. The R. ripense genome assembly contained 319 contigs (506.7 Mb; N50 length: 2.5 Mb) and was assigned to the genetic map to establish 13 pseudomolecule sequences. On the other hand, the genome of R. kiyosumense was assembled into 32,308 contigs (601.9 Mb; N50 length: 245.7 kb). A total of 34,606 genes were predicted in the R. ripense genome, while 35,785 flower and 48,041 leaf transcript isoforms were identified in R. kiyosumense through Iso-Seq analysis. Overall, the genome sequence information generated in this study enhances our understanding of genome evolution in the Ericales and reveals the phylogenetic relationship of closely related species. This information will also facilitate the development of phenotypically attractive azalea cultivars.
Anthropometrics of Estonian children in relation to family disruption
Authors: Valge Markus , Meitern Richard , Hõrak Peeter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes that at resource limitation, the growth of some organs/tissues is selectively spared to preserve more critical ones, such as the brain or lungs. The Trivers–Willard hypothesis (TWH) predicts that boys are more vulnerable in the case of resource limitation than girls. Both hypotheses were tested in children from disrupted families, differing in the extent of deprivation/adversities imposed on them.MethodologyIn a retrospective cohort study in the mid-20th century Estonia (Juhan Aul’s database), different types of orphans and children of divorced parents (treatment groups; n = 106–1401) were compared with children from bi-parental families (control groups; n = 2548–8648) so that children from treatment groups were matched with control children on the basis of sex, age, year of birth, urban versus rural origin and socioeconomic position.ResultsChildren in orphanages suffered strong growth suppression, best explained by psychosocial deprivation. Their feet were on average 0.5 SD shorter than the feet of the controls, followed by height, leg/torso ratio and cranial volume that differed from controls by ca 0.4 SD. Weight difference was 0.2 SD units, while body mass index did not differ from controls. The growth of boys and girls in orphanages was suppressed to the same extent. Boys whose mothers were dead were relatively smaller and less masculine than girls from such families. Fathers’ absence was unrelated to growth suppression. Sons of divorced parents had broader shoulders than boys whose fathers were dead.Conclusions and implicationsPrediction of TWH about the greater vulnerability of male growth may hold under some conditions but not universally. Predictions of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis were partly supported: trunk growth was spared at the expense of leg growth; however, no evidence for brain sparing was found. Comparison of children of divorced versus dead fathers may appear useful for indirect assessment of sexual selection on offspring quality.Lay Summary: Boys and girls in orphanages suffered similarly strong growth suppression, best explained by psychosocial deprivation. Boys whose mothers were dead were relatively smaller and less masculine than girls from such families. The occurrence of sex-specific associations between family structure and children’s growth depends on the type of family disruption.