bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deaf Children’s ASL Vocabulary and ASL Syntax Knowledge Supports English Knowledge
Authors: Hoffmeister Robert , Henner Jon , Caldwell-Harris Catherine , Novogrodsky Rama 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current study contributes empirical data to our understanding of how knowledge of American Sign Language (ASL) syntax aids reading print English for deaf children who are bilingual and bimodal in ASL and English print. The first analysis, a conceptual replication of Hoffmeister ( 2000), showed that performance on the American Sign Language Assessment Instrument correlated with the Sanford Achievement Test—Reading Comprehension (SAT-RC) and the Rhode Island Test of Language Structures (RITLS, Engen & Engen, 1983). The second analysis was a quantile regression using ASL assessments to predict English print abilities. Different ASL skills were important for English reading comprehension (SAT-RC) versus understanding English syntax (RITLS); the relationship between ASL skills and English print performance also varied for students at different English print ability levels. Strikingly, knowledge of ASL syntax was robustly correlated with knowledge of English syntax at all ability levels. Our findings provide novel and strong evidence for the impact of ASL on the development of English literacy.
A high-quality chromosome-level genome of wild Rosa rugosa
Authors: Zang Fengqi , Ma Yan , Tu Xiaolong , Huang Ping , Wu Qichao , Li Zhimin , Liu Tao , Lin Furong , Pei Surui , Zang Dekui , Zhang Xuemei , Zheng Yongqi , Yu Yunyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rosa rugosa is an important shrub with economic, ecological, and pharmaceutical value. A high-quality chromosome-scale genome for R. rugosa sequences was assembled using PacBio and Hi-C technologies. The final assembly genome sequences size was about 407.1 Mb, the contig N50 size was 2.85 Mb, and the scaffold N50 size was 56.6 Mb. More than 98% of the assembled genome sequences were anchored to seven pseudochromosomes (402.9 Mb). The genome contained 37,512 protein-coding genes, with 37,016 genes (98.68%) that were functionally annotated, and 206.67 Mb (50.76%) of the assembled sequences are repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that R. rugosa diverged from Rosa chinensis ∼6.6 million years ago, and no lineage-specific whole-genome duplication event occurred after divergence from R. chinensis. Chromosome synteny analysis demonstrated highly conserved synteny between R. rugosa and R. chinensis, between R. rugosa and Prunus persica as well. Comparative genome and transcriptome analysis revealed genes related to colour, scent, and environment adaptation. The chromosome-level reference genome provides important genomic resources for molecular-assisted breeding and horticultural comparative genomics research.
Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Nymphal Dispersion Patterns and Their Influence on Field Experiments
Authors: Calvin D D , Keller J , Rost J , Walsh B , Biddinger D , Hoover K , Treichler B , Johnson A , Roush R T 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) (White, 1845), is an invasive pest in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Understanding this pest’s dispersion patterns is fundamental for development of management and surveillance programs. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified spotted lanternfly nymph dispersion patterns by instar for rural and urban/suburban habitats, and we compared the number of sample units required for sticky traps and in situ visual counts to estimate population densities at several precisions. In addition, we assessed the ability of two experimental designs (completely random and randomized complete block) to detect management practices’ impacts in the field. All instars typically followed an aggregated dispersion pattern. Sample size and time requirements for checking and replacing sticky traps and for conducting in situ counts were similar, but in situ counts do not require purchasing traps, installation time, or delays before treatment, and do not remove insects. Although the cost for using in situ counts is likely less than for sticky traps, early instar spotted lanternfly nymph populations are harder to visually detect than later instars because of their small size, which may negate any cost advantage when treatments are applied early. In general, using a randomized complete block design resulted in higher statistical power than a completely random design, allowing detection of proportional population reductions of 10–20% less with equal replication. Studies aiming to evaluate treatments that reduce spotted lanternfly numbers by less than 60% will require researchers to evaluate the feasibility of using the required large sample sizes.
Women and Late Chartism: Women’s Rights in Mid-Victorian England
Authors: Roberts Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article revisits the relationship between women and Chartism, the British mass movement for democratic rights that dominated popular politics from the late 1830s to the 1850s. It argues that the opportunities for women to participate in the movement were more varied, extensive and enduring than has often been appreciated. Particular attention is paid to late Chartism (1843–52) by documenting in full, for the first time, the number of female Chartist bodies in existence. By presenting new material, based on a combing of the press and the Home Office files, the article moves on to consider the role played by Chartist women in 1848, the year of European revolution when the movement revived. It then builds on the theme of late Chartism by offering a case-study of the Women’s Rights Association (WRA). This body was established in 1851 by a group of Sheffield Chartist women to campaign for votes for women, which, it is argued here, represented the culmination of a women’s rights discourse within early Chartism. The article concludes by comparing the women’s rights discourse in early Chartism and other contemporary feminisms with that deployed by the WRA.
Access to paediatric cardiac surgery in Colombia: a population-based study
Authors: Sabatino Marlena E , Dennis Rodolfo J , Sandoval-Trujillo Pablo , Valencia Sergio , Moreno-Medina Karen , Londoño Darío , Garcia-Torres Alberto E , Tulloch David , Herrera-Almario Gabriel E , Peck Gregory L , Sandoval Néstor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Globally congenital heart disease mortality is declining, yet the proportion of infant deaths attributable to heart disease rises in Colombia and other middle-sociodemographic countries. We aimed to assess the accessibility of paediatric cardiac surgery (PCS) to children &lt;18 years of age in 2016 in the South American country of Colombia.

METHODS
In Bogotá, Colombia, a multi-national team used cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study designs to adapt and evaluate 4 health system indicators at the national level: first, the population with timely geographic access to an institution providing PCS; second, the number of paediatric cardiac surgeons; third, this specialized procedure volume and its national distribution; and fourth, the 30-day perioperative mortality rate after PCS in Colombia.

RESULTS
Geospatial mapping approximates 64% (n = 9 894 356) of the under-18 Colombian population lives within 2-h drivetime of an institution providing PCS. Twenty-eight cardiovascular surgeons report performing PCS, 82% (n = 23) with formal training. In 2016, 1281 PCS procedures were registered, 90% of whom were performed in 6 of the country’s 32 departments. National non-risk-adjusted all-cause 30-day perioperative mortality rate after PCS was 2.73% (n = 35).

CONCLUSIONS
Colombia’s paediatric population had variable access to cardiac surgery in 2016, largely dependent upon geography. While the country may have the capacity to provide timely, high-quality care to those who need it, our study enables future comparative analyses to measure the impact of health system interventions facilitating healthcare equity for the underserved populations across Colombia and the Latin American region.
Conduction disorders after perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure: continuous versus interrupted suturing techniques
Authors: Yoneyama Fumiya , Kato Hideyuki , Matsubara Muneaki , Mathis Bryan J , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Abe Masakazu , Suetsugu Fuminaga , Maruo Kazushi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative conduction disorder differences between continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for the closure of perimembranous outlet-type ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in both tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and isolated VSD cases.

METHODS
Patients aged 4 years or younger who underwent VSD closure for ToF (n = 112) or isolated perimembranous outlet-type VSD (n = 73) from April 2010 to December 2018 at 3 centres were reviewed. Patients either received continuous suturing for ToF (C-ToF, n = 58) or isolated VSD (C-VSD, n = 50), or interrupted suturing for ToF (I-ToF, n = 54) or isolated VSD (I-VSD, n = 23). Cohorts did not differ in preoperative characteristics. Postoperative conduction disorder differences upon discharge and postoperative year 1 (POY1) were evaluated by electrocardiography.

RESULTS
The C-ToF group showed significantly shorter PQ intervals (124.0 vs 133.5 ms; P = 0.042 upon discharge, 125.3 vs 133.5 ms; P = 0.045 at POY1) and QRS durations (98.0 vs 106.2 ms; P = 0.031 upon discharge, 97.3 vs 102.5 ms; P = 0.040 at POY1) than the I-ToF group. Right bundle branch block incidence was significantly lower in the C-ToF versus I-ToF groups (56.8 vs 75.9; P = 0.045 upon discharge, 56.8 vs 75.9; P = 0.045 at POY1). Heart rates were significantly lower in the C-ToF versus I-ToF groups at POY1 (109.2 vs 119.3 bpm; P &lt; 0.001). No parameters significantly differed between C-VSD and I-VSD groups. Multivariable analyses confirmed the group (C-ToF versus I-ToF) as a significant covariate in postoperative heart rate, PQ interval, QRS duration and right bundle branch block outcomes at POY1 (P = 0.013, 0.027, 0.013 and 0.014, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
A continuous suturing technique for the closure of outlet-type VSD in ToF could reduce the incidence of postoperative right bundle branch block, shorten the PQ interval and lower heart rate.

Subject collection
110, 138, 139.
Intraoral scanning of neonates and infants with craniofacial disorders: feasibility, scanning duration, and clinical experience
Authors: Weise Christina , Frank Karin , Wiechers Cornelia , Weise Hannes , Reinert Siegmar , Koos Bernd , Xepapadeas Alexander B 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate intraoral scanning (IOS) in infants, neonates, and small children with craniofacial anomalies for its feasibility, scanning duration, and success rate. Impression taking in vulnerable patients can be potentially life-threatening, with the risk of airway obstruction and aspiration of impression material. The advantage of increasingly digitalized dentistry is demonstrated.

Materials and methods
IOS was captured with the Trios 3® (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) intraoral scanner. The underlying disorders were divided into cleft lip and palate (CLP), Trisomy 21 (T21), Robin Sequence (RS), Treacher Collins syndrome (TC), and isolated mandibular retrognathia (MR). Scan data were analysed by scanning duration, number of images, possible correlations of these factors with the different craniofacial disorders, patient age, and relationship between first and subsequent scans. Clinical experiences with the repeated digital impressions are described.

Results
Patient data of 141 scans in 83 patients were analysed within an 11-month period. Patients had a median age of 137 days. Median scanning duration was 138 seconds, resulting in a median of 352 images. There was a statistically significant difference in scanning duration (P = 0.001) between infants and neonates. IOS took longest in patients with CLP (537 seconds) and shortest in T21 patients (21 seconds), although there was no statistically significant difference between aetiologies. There was no statistically significant difference between first and subsequent scans in scanning duration. In four cases the IOS had to be repeated, and one patient ultimately required conventional impression taking (all CLP patients; success rate 94%). No severe adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
IOS is a fast, safe, and feasible procedure for neonates, small children, and infants with craniofacial malformations. One special challenge for both technician and user was identified in patients with CLP, though implementing this new approach of digital impression taking was otherwise found to be highly successful in everyday clinical routine.
The representation of source use in academic writing textbooks
Authors: Sun Qingyang , Soden Bill 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using sources appropriately is an important topic in teaching EAP. It involves a wide range of knowledge and skills, from the avoidance of plagiarism to the rhetorical attention to authorial stance and voice. Although a number of studies have shed light on how students cope with the challenges of source use, less is known about how each aspect is addressed in widely used EAP or study skills textbooks. This article presents an analysis of the representation of source use in thirteen concurrently used textbooks of academic writing. It was found that most of these textbooks discuss definitions of plagiarism and how to avoid it, with a fair number of textbooks also providing substantial activities on paraphrasing and summarizing. However, how citations can be used to take a stance and develop voice in academic texts is underrepresented. Implications for designing teaching materials and using textbooks in the classroom will be discussed.
Teaching pronunciation: toward intelligibility and comprehensibility
Authors: Galante Angelica , Piccardo Enrica 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pronunciation is a common topic of interest in ELT but teachers may be unsure of what features of pronunciation to prioritise, especially in multilingual classes. While research calls for explicit pronunciation instruction that focuses on improving intelligibility and comprehensibility, implementation is still a challenge. This article presents pedagogical applications following the new CEFR descriptors for phonological control. We discuss a 40-hour pronunciation course for international ESL students from diverse L1s in a Canadian university. Pronunciation instruction was delivered through controlled speech practice and drama tasks for practice of extemporaneous speech. Students completed weekly audio recordings, received extensive feedback and completed self-reflections. Moreover, the teacher assessed pre- and post-course recordings to identify change over time. Results show that students developed awareness of pronunciation features that can contribute to more intelligible and comprehensible speech and that a listener’s lack of familiarity with speech diversity can play a role in how speech is perceived.
Mutation location and I
Ks regulation in the arrhythmic risk of long QT syndrome type 1: the importance of the KCNQ1 S6 region
Authors: Schwartz Peter J , Moreno Cristina , Kotta Maria-Christina , Pedrazzini Matteo , Crotti Lia , Dagradi Federica , Castelletti Silvia , Haugaa Kristina H , Denjoy Isabelle , Shkolnikova Maria A , Brink Paul A , Heradien Marshall J , Seyen Sandrine R M , Spätjens Roel L H M G , Spazzolini Carla , Volders Paul G A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Mutation type, location, dominant-negative I Ks reduction, and possibly loss of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent I Ks stimulation via protein kinase A (PKA) influence the clinical severity of long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). Given the malignancy of KCNQ1-p.A341V, we assessed whether mutations neighbouring p.A341V in the S6 channel segment could also increase arrhythmic risk.

Methods and results
Clinical and genetic data were obtained from 1316 LQT1 patients [450 families, 166 unique KCNQ1 mutations, including 277 p.A341V-positive subjects, 139 patients with p.A341-neighbouring mutations (91 missense, 48 non-missense), and 900 other LQT1 subjects]. A first cardiac event represented the primary endpoint. S6 segment missense variant characteristics, particularly cAMP stimulation responses, were analysed by cellular electrophysiology. p.A341-neighbouring mutation carriers had a QTc shorter than p.A341V carriers (477 ± 33 vs. 490 ± 44 ms) but longer than the remaining LQT1 patient population (467 ± 41 ms) (P &lt; 0.05 for both). Similarly, the frequency of symptomatic subjects in the p.A341-neighbouring subgroup was intermediate between the other two groups (43% vs. 73% vs. 20%; P &lt; 0.001). These differences in clinical severity can be explained, for p.A341V vs. p.A341-neighbouring mutations, by the p.A341V-specific impairment of I Ks regulation. The differences between the p.A341-neighbouring subgroup and the rest of LQT1 mutations may be explained by the functional importance of the S6 segment for channel activation.

Conclusion
KCNQ1 S6 segment mutations surrounding p.A341 increase arrhythmic risk. p.A341V-specific loss of PKA-dependent I Ks enhancement correlates with its phenotypic severity. Cellular studies providing further insights into I Ks-channel regulation and knowledge of structure-function relationships could improve risk stratification. These findings impact on clinical management.
Cardiovascular risk associated with allopurinol vs. benzbromarone in patients with gout
Authors: Kang Eun Ha , Park Eun Hye , Shin Anna , Song Jung Soo , Kim Seoyoung C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims With the high prevalence of gout and associated cardiovascular (CV) diseases, information on the comparative CV safety of individual urate-lowering drugs becomes increasingly important. However, few studies examined the CV risk of uricosuric agents. We compared CV risk among patients with gout who initiated allopurinol vs. benzbromarone.Methods and results Using the Korean National Health Insurance claims data (2002–17), we conducted a cohort study of 124 434 gout patients who initiated either allopurinol (n = 103 695) or benzbromarone (n = 20 739), matched on propensity score at a 5:1 ratio. The primary outcome was a composite CV endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, or coronary revascularization. To account for competing risk of death, we used cause-specific hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcomes comparing allopurinol initiators with benzbromarone. Over a mean follow-up of 1.16 years, 2258 patients developed a composite CV event. The incidence rate of the composite CV event was higher in allopurinol initiators (1.81 per 100 person-years) than benzbromarone (1.61 per 100 person-years) with a HR of 1.22 (95% CI 1.05–1.41). The HR for all-cause mortality was 1.66 (95% CI 1.43–1.93) among allopurinol initiators compared with benzbromarone.Conclusion In this large population-based cohort of gout patients, allopurinol was associated with an increased risk of composite CV events and all-cause mortality compared to benzbromarone. Benzbromarone may reduce CV risk and mortality in patients with gout, although more studies are necessary to confirm our findings and to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Primary care heart failure service identifies a missed cohort of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Kahn Matthew , Grayson Antony D , Chaggar Parminder S , Ng Kam Chuen Marie J , Scott Alison , Hughes Carol , Campbell Niall G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
We explored whether a missed cohort of patients in the community with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) could be identified and receive treatment optimization through a primary care heart failure (PCHF) service.

Methods and results
PCHF is a partnership between Inspira Health, National Health Service Cardiologists and Medtronic. The PCHF service uses retrospective clinical audit to identify patients requiring a prospective face-to-face consultation with a consultant cardiologist for clinical review of their HF management within primary care. The service is delivered via five phases: (i) system interrogation of general practitioner (GP) systems; (ii) clinical audit of medical records; (iii) patient invitation; (iv) consultant reviews; and (v) follow-up. A total of 78 GP practices (864 194 population) have participated. In total, 19 393 patients’ records were audited. HF register was 9668 (prevalence 1.1%) with 6162 patients coded with LVSD (prevalence 0.7%). HF case finder identified 9725 additional patients to be audited of whom 2916 patients required LVSD codes adding to the patient medical record (47% increase in LVSD). Prevalence of HF with LVSD increased from 0.7% to 1.05%. A total of 662 patients were invited for consultant cardiologist review at their local GP practice. The service found that within primary care, 27% of HF patients identified for a cardiologist consultation were eligible for complex device therapy, 45% required medicines optimization, and 47% of patients audited required diagnosis codes adding to their GP record.

Conclusion
A PCHF service can identify a missed cohort of patients with HF and LVSD, enabling the optimization of prognostic medication and an increase in device prescription.