bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Sribianti Irma , Daud M , Saharuddin  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City. The sampling technique was carried out using a survey technique with a purposive sampling method. The size of the plots made is 20 m x 50 m with a total of 8 plots. The level of mangrove damage is determined based on land cover and vegetation density. Estimating the value of ecotourism rehabilitation is based on the Regulation of the Director-General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation P.8/KSDAE/SET/REN.2/10/2017 concerning Standards for Activities and Costs for Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. The results showed that there were two types of mangrove species, namely Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba. Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism has a vegetation cover of 82% with a vegetation density of 1,760 individuals/ha, so that the level of damage to mangroves is in a good category. In general, damage to Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism is caused by converting mangrove forests into fishponds and settlements. The total cost of mangrove forest rehabilitation is IDR. 350,220,000
Improving the growth of cempaka (Elmerillia ovalis) seedlings to accelerate ex situ plantation
Authors: Prameswari Diana , Widyati Enny , Andadari Lincah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cempaka tree (Elmerillia ovalis), best known as a multipurpose tree species, is mostly used for the building of luxurious traditional houses of the Toraja and Minahasa Tribe as well as for religious sculptures. Due to the specific qualifications, the cempaka wood demands gradually increase, while the populations in nature drastically decrease. On the other hand, early seedling growth encounters many obstacles such as recalcitrant seeds, slow growth, and sensitivity to leaf disease. This study aimed to improve the quality of the seedling prepared for a higher survival rate when planted in the field. This research was conducted at the nursery of the Bogor Forest Research and Development Centre, Indonesia. The factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of two factors: wood vinegar as a growth stimulant and media composition, in three replications. The stimulant factor consisted of two levels: the addition of wood vinegar (1.5 %) and (control), and the media composition factor consisted of four levels: (a) soil 100%, (b) soil: cocopeat rice husks (6: 3: 1), (c) soil: rice husks (1:1), and (d) soil: manure (2:1). The observed parameters were seedling height, diameter, root/shoot ratio, seedling quality index (SQI). The best growth of cempaka seedlings resulted in treatments of wood vinegar in combination with soil media mixed with manure. Seedlings in this treatment height 58.93 cm, 6.8 mm diameter, S/R ratio 3.61, and 1.26 SQI, respectively, better than the others. The best treatment also gives the 12 months seedlings absence of leaf disease.
Economic valuation of mangrove ecosystem environmental services based on green economy
Authors: Sribianti Irma , Muthmainnah  , Hikmah  , Kiswandi  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the important agendas in current development is promoting mangrove forests as one of the green economic assets in Indonesia. The green economy concept emphasizes improving people’s welfare but reducing the risk of environmental damage and scarcity of ecological functions. One approach that can be used to maintain economic activity and preserve the environment is the economic valuation approach. Therefore, this study aims to measure the value of the economic benefits of mangrove ecosystem services as one of the concepts of the green economy as an effort to support government programs to realize the mangrove ecosystem as a green economic asset in Indonesia. The economic valuation method used to calculate the mangrove ecosystem’s environmental services in Takalar Lama Village, Mappakasunggu District, Takalar Regency. The value of mangrove ecosystem environmental services calculated in this study is the value of abrasion resistance, the importance of preventing seawater intrusion, the value of crab feed providers, the value of carbon sequestration, the value of oxygen production, and the value of maintaining biodiversity. The results revealed that the value of the benefits of mangrove forest environmental services as a barrier to abrasion was IDR 32,457,189/ha/year or IDR 973,715,670/year, the value to prevent seawater intrusion was IDR 3,394.445,688/ha/year or IDR 101,833,370,640/year, the value of benefits as a provider of crab feed is IDR 544,320,000/ha/year or IDR 16,329,600,000/year, the annual carbon sequestration value is IDR 198,300.07/ha/year or IDR 5,949,002.1/year, the value of oxygen production is IDR 2,011,590/ha/year or IDR 60,347,700/year, and the value of biodiversity is IDR 637,376/ha/year or IDR 19,121,280/year so that the total value of environmental services for mangrove ecosystems based on green economics is IDR 3,974,070,143.1/ha/year (275,052.13 USD/ha/year) or IDR 119.222.104.292,1/year (8,250,663 USD/year).
Test of Samosir local varieties of shallots with gamma-ray radiation on changes morphology characters, physiology and production
Authors: Jabat Yelfi Yana Linda Br , Rosmayati  , Ginting Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shallots are one of the vegetable commodities that are in demand by the public, but their production does not meet market demand. One of the reasons is the difficulty of suitable seeds for the area. This condition can be overcome by obtaining superior seeds in the Samosir area through irradiation on shallot bulbs. The research objectives were to produce high production, and to identify changes in the morphological and physiological characters of the local Samosir variety shallots. Treatments were arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Shallots bulbs were irradiated with several doses of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 1, and 2Gy) using a Co 60irradiation sources. The results showed that there were morphological and physiological differences between the irradiation treatments. The number of leaves with the highest value at 2 Gy 20.147 g and the lowest at 18.894 g control. The heaviest wet weight in the control was 20.355 g and the lowest was at 2 Gy 18.45 g. At 1 Gy and 2 Gy can significantly increase the content of chlorophyll-a 2 Gy 2.484, chlorophyll-b 2 Gy 1.579, and total chlorophyll-(a+b) 2 Gy 4.056. This proves that the dose of gamma-ray radiation affects the morphological and physiological characters of shallots.
Land suitability assesment for Coffea arabica on the land overgrowed by Uncaria gambir
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Ginting Y A , Batubara R , Carenina G , Ginting C F , Ginting R K , Angelita L , Rauf A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aornakan I and Kuta Tinggi villages are villages located in Pak-pak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Currently, the villagers are planting Uncaria gambir and Coffea arabica. This study aimed to evaluate land for cofffe plantations on land overgrown with gambier in Pak-pak Bharat Regency. Sampling was carried out purposively on land overgrown with gambier plants in Aornakan I Village, Pargetteng-getteng Sengkut Sub-district and Kuta Tinggi Village, Salak Sub-district, Pakpak Bharat Regency. The evaluation of land suitability for coffee uses the matching method, namely by analysing laboratory data and data measured in the field with the characteristics of the land for cofffe. The results showed that the land evaluation for Coffea arabica was marginally suitable (S3) with the limiting factor was the root zone media (rc) in terms of soil texture.
Biodiversity of Trichoderma antagonist saprophytic fungi and its use for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease on shallots at Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the obstacles in the development of shallots in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is the presence of Fusarium wilt disease. The use of antagonistic saprophytic fungi Trichoderma spp. is a biological control technique. The aim of this research is to explore the biodiversity of Trichoderma spp. and its use for controlling Fusarium wilt disease. Research using exploratory methods conducted at the shallot planting center on Lombok Island included isolation of antagonistic saprophytic fungi, purification and identification of isolates. Furthermore, research was carried out in the laboratory using experimental methods including in-vitro antagonism tests by direct opposition and culture steam. The research was continued in Greenhouses in planta and in field conditions in the Highlands of Sembalun Village, Medium Plains of Santong Village and Senteluk Village Lowlands. The results concluded that: there were 6 isolates of saprophytic fungi that were antagonistic, namely T. viride, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii, T. piluliferum, T. harzianum, and T. hamatum. The mechanism of antagonism is physically through space competition, mycoparasites and antibiosis. Three isolates, namely T. virede, T. harzianum and T. hamatum, were effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt disease and even causing immunity.
Analysing the rate of mangrove forest conversion in South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf Dewi Nurhayati , Prasetyo LB , Kusmana C , Machfud  , Ritabulan  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The degradation of mangrove forests in the Konawe Selatan District has been very rapid over the past three decades. Increases in population growth in coastal areas have been associated with rapid development, including the need for land for housing and livelihood. This development has led to land conversion from mangrove forests to other uses. The aim of the research was to identify the pattern of spatial change of mangrove forests in South Konawe using a geospatial approach from 1984 to 2014. Landuse classification was generated through the processing of Landsat satellite imagery in multiple time series. The research showed that that between 1984 and 1993 in South Konawe District about 9.9% of mangrove forest was converted into open land, 2.3% into aquaculture ponds, and 0.4% into settlements. From 1993 to 2003, the rate of conversion increased rapidly as 13.8% of the remaining mangrove forest was cleared for aquaculture ponds and 1.5% into a settlement. Over the past three decades, 39.9% of mangrove forest in the district has been converted to other uses, and some of this conversion has occurred in protected areas. It’s recommended that the stronger enforcement of regulations pertaining to the protection of mangrove forests in South Konawe.
The management pattern and potential wood of community forest in Parakan Muncang Village, Naggung District, Bogor Regency
Authors: Meiganati Kustin Bintani , Ningsih Budi Setya , Lidiawati Ina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Community Forest is an alternative to meet the needs of industrial wood raw materials and plays a role in increasing income and welfare of farmer households. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for stands of community forests and the community forest management patterns applied by forest farmers. The research location is in Parakan Muncang Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency. Sampling of respondents using the census method. The data collection method used was a field survey approach and interviews using a questionnaire. The potential for community forest stands in Parakan Muncang Village is 543.75 m3, while the potential per hectare is 32.478 m3. The highest potential is Sengon wood by 51.95%, Teak by 16,16% and Puspa by 9.89%. The pattern of community forest management that is applied is 12.5% of the respondents use the pure community forest pattern (monoculture) and 87.5% use the agroforestry pattern. The cropping pattern in agroforestry forests uses a border tree planting, where wood plants are planted around agricultural crops using a random/irregular cropping pattern.
Nematodes in fish of genus Cottocomephorus (Cottidae)
Authors: Baldanova D R , Khamnuyeva T R , Rinchinov Z A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe data on the morphology and relative abundance of nematodes in bottom-pelagic cottidsCottocomephorus grewingkiandC. inermismet in Lake Baikal are presented. Three species of nematodes (Comephoronema werestschagini, Ichtiobronema hamulatum, Contracaecum osculatum baicalensis) were found. The differences in cottids invasion with nematodes are shown.
Influence of abiotic factors on incubation of Baikal omul eggs in the Selenga River (Lake Baikal Basin)
Authors: Bazova N V , Bazov A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Abiotic factors affecting the choice of spawning sites for the Baikal omul (Coregonus migratorius) in the Selenga River over 27 years were studied. A total of 3,450 samples were collected using the Dulkeit scraper in Decembers of 1987-2014, at 24 trans-sections in the Selenga River channel over a total length of 410 km. At each sampling site we recorded omul egg density, substrate particle size, water depth, water flow velocity, and ice thickness. Omul eggs were found mainly on hard substrates (sand, gravel, pebbles, and pebble-cobbles combinations). Omul has been found to avoid spawning at depths less than 1.5 m and greater than 6.0 m. Water velocity and ice thickness did not strongly influence the choice of site. Omul eggs were found at flow rates of 0.05-0.7 m/s with a maximum at 0.1 m/s.
The history of small mammal fauna of Western Transbaikalia: a brief review
Authors: Erbajeva M A , Borisova N G , Alexeeva N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The history of the Western Transbaikalia terrestrial fauna of small mammals from the Neogene to the Holocene was traced based on fossil-bearing localities. The main factors influencing the development of the Transbaikalia biota and the environment were the gradually increasing climate cooling and aridization for the last four million years in the region.
Postfire changes in chortobiont insects community at experimental plots in Southern Transbaikalia (Daursky Nature Reserve)
Authors: Korsun O V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the features of the abundance of the chortobiont insect community in the burnt and unburned plots of the plain grasslands of the Torey depression in Southern Transbaikalia. In a number of cases, the diversity in the burned-out plots turned out to be significantly lower. This tendency remains throughout June and July, suggesting the importance of dry, dead grass, which serves as a shelter for invertebrates, providing better protection from predators and high temperatures. However, the species Trigonotylus longitarsus (Hemiptera, Miridae), on the contrary, showed an increase in abundance in the burnt plots.
Diversity of littoral zoobenthos in Lake Arakhley (Transbaikalia) during the arid phase
Authors: Matafonov P V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is little data available on the zoobenthos of the Baikal region’s eastern periphery water bodies in low-water years. The taxonomic diversity of zoobenthos of the littoral zone of a deep lake (Arakhley, Transbaikalia) was studied in an extremely low-water year, 2017. The zoobenthos of the lake littoral zone was represented by 44 taxa. Chironomids accounted for 41% of the zoobenthos taxonomic diversity, 14% each – gastropods and leeches. The taxonomic diversity of the littoral zoobenthos in different parts of the lake varied from 19 to 24 taxa and averaged 22.3 ± 1.97 taxa. The relationship between taxonomic diversity and depth in Lake Arakhley is described by polynomial dependence. Deviations from the relationship identified at the periphery of vegetation thickets were due to the ecotone effect. Obtained data shows the state of zoobenthos taxonomic diversity under conditions of climate aridization and the reduction of littoral sandy habitats.
Two species of Leymus (Poaceae) are artificial as inferred from the molecular-genetic data
Authors: Badmaeva N K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of studying taxonomic relationships between five species of the aggregate Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel. of the genus Leymus Hochst. are presented. The research is based on the study of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region obtained by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers, and on the anatomical and morphological data. A molecular-genetic study of the L. secalinus aggregate has revealed that the two species L. ovatus and L. jenisseiensis are artificial.
Ecosystem, vegetation and soil diversity of the mountain forest-steppe of West Altai (a case study of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve)
Authors: Smirnova M A , Bocharnikov M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The quantitative assessment of ecosystem diversity is a basic tool for the evaluation of its resilience to anthropogenic loads and climatic changes. Our work is devoted to the large-scale predictive ecosystem mapping of hard-to-reach West Altai Mountain areas as well as vegetation, soil, and ecosystem quantitative diversity assessment (basing on Shannon and Simpson indices). The key site (7x4.5 km area) located in the Tigirek State Natural Reserve in the humid climate of the windward part of Altai. The predominance of shrub meadow communities and forb meadows on Gleyic Chernozems and Gleyic Chernic Phaeozems, Gleyic Cambisols, as well as the development of larch forests on the slopes of shady exposures on Greyzemic Chernozems are the regional specificities of the forest-steppe Altai ecosystem. Steppe communities (located on the Haplic Chernozems, Cambisols, and Leptosols), occupy less than 2% of the key site. The studied mountain forest-steppe ecosystem of West Altai is characterized by an extremely high level of spatial diversity: the Shannon index is 3.28, the Simpson is 0.95; an increase in soil diversity leads to a linear increase in vegetation diversity.
Amphiphilic properties of humic substances in soils of the southern Vitim Plateau (Transbaikalia, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Milkheev E Yu , Tsybenov Yu B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Humic substances of soils are considered as a multicomponent system of amphiphilic (exhibiting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) substances. Humic substances from soils of different genesis in the south of the Vitim Plateau (quasigley chernozem – Turbic Chernozem Molliglossic and brown soil – Stagnic Phaeozem Molliglossic) were studied. Using the hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose® CL-4B, we separated a mixture of humic (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) due to their different ability to enter into hydrophobic interactions with the gel matrix. A higher percentage of hydrophobic compounds was revealed in HAs of quasigley chernozem, compared to HAs of brown soils, and FAs. The fulvic acid sample showed a lower capacity for hydrophobic interactions than the humic acid sample.
Fabrication of MSC-laden composites of hyaluronic acid hydrogels reinforced with MEW scaffolds for cartilage repair
Authors: Galarraga Jonathan H , Locke Ryan C , Witherel Claire E , Stoeckl Brendan D , Castilho Miguel , Mauck Robert L , Malda Jos , Levato Riccardo , Burdick Jason A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels are of interest in cartilage tissue engineering due to their ability to support the encapsulation and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, features such as hydrogel crosslink density, which can influence nutrient transport, nascent matrix distribution, and the stability of constructs during and after implantation must be considered in hydrogel design. Here, we first demonstrate that more loosely crosslinked (i.e. softer, ∼2 kPa) norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid (NorHA) hydrogels support enhanced cartilage formation and maturation when compared to more densely crosslinked (i.e. stiffer, ∼6–60 kPa) hydrogels, with a >100-fold increase in compressive modulus after 56 d of culture. While soft NorHA hydrogels mature into neocartilage suitable for the repair of articular cartilage, their initial moduli are too low for handling and they do not exhibit the requisite stability needed to withstand the loading environments of articulating joints. To address this, we reinforced NorHA hydrogels with polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers produced via melt-electrowriting (MEW). Importantly, composites fabricated with MEW meshes of 400 µm spacing increased the moduli of soft NorHA hydrogels by ∼50-fold while preserving the chondrogenic potential of the hydrogels. There were minimal differences in chondrogenic gene expression and biochemical content (e.g. DNA, GAG, collagen) between hydrogels alone and composites, whereas the composites increased in compressive modulus to ∼350 kPa after 56 d of culture. Lastly, integration of composites with native tissue was assessed ex vivo; MSC-laden composites implanted after 28 d of pre-culture exhibited increased integration strengths and contact areas compared to acellular composites. This approach has great potential towards the design of cell-laden implants that possess both initial mechanical integrity and the ability to support neocartilage formation and integration for cartilage repair.
An optical processor for matrix-by-vector multiplication: an application to the distance geometry problem in 1D
Authors: Hengeveld S B , Rubiano da Silva N , Gonçalves D S , Souto Ribeiro P H , Mucherino A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present the architecture of a new optical processor specialized in matrix-by-vector multiplication via the manipulation of the light wavefront. This processor can reach up to 1.2 Giga MAC (multiply-accumulate) operations per second using commercially available devices. Moreover, this architecture is compatible with a hardware upgrade with the potential to achieve a processing speed of above Tera MAC per second. We initially present the optical processor and then discuss the use of such a processor for tackling a special class of the one-dimensional distance geometry problem, which is a well-known NP-hard problem.
Biosynthesis of poly(glycolate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) in Escherichia coli expressing sequence-regulating polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid coenzyme A ligase
Authors: Tomita Hiroya , Satoh Keigo , Nomura Christopher T , Matsumoto Ken'ichiro 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Chimeric polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase PhaCAR is characterized by the capacity to incorporate unusual glycolate (GL) units and spontaneously synthesize block copolymers. The GL and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) copolymer synthesized by PhaCAR is a random-homo block copolymer, poly(GL-ran-3HB)-b-poly(3HB). In the present study, medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) units were incorporated into this copolymer using PhaCAR for the first time. The coenzyme A (CoA) ligase from Pseudomonas oleovorans (AlkK) serves as a simple 3HHx-CoA supplying route in Escherichia coli from exogenously supplemented 3HHx. NMR analyses of the obtained polymers revealed that 3HHx units were randomly connected to 3HB units, whereas GL units were heterogeneously distributed. Therefore, the polymer is composed of 2 segments: P(3HB-co-3HHx) and P(GL-co-3HB-co-3HHx). The thermal and mechanical properties of the terpolymer indicate no contiguous P(3HB) segments in the material, consistent with the NMR results. Therefore, PhaCAR synthesized the novel block copolymer P(3HB-co-3HHx)-b-P(GL-co-3HB-co-3HHx), which is the first block polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising 2 copolymer segments.