bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐temperature mass spectrometric study of vaporization and thermodynamics of the Cs2O‐B2O3 system: Review and experimental investigation
Authors: Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Kurata Masaki , Costa Davide 
Published: March 2021

RationaleThe compounds in the Cs2O‐B2O3 system are of particular interest for nuclear applications since cesium borates may be formed during accidents in nuclear reactors, affecting the rate of release of radiotoxic isotopes into the environment. Thus, information on the vaporization and thermodynamic properties of cesium borates is necessary for simulation and modeling of the isotope release processes taking place during the nuclear reactor accidents.MethodsCompounds in the Cs2O‐B2O3 system were synthesized by the co‐crystallization method with subsequent sintering. The sample characterization was carried out using XRD, TGA/DSC/DTA, IR spectroscopy, and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy. The vaporization and thermodynamics of the samples under consideration were investigated using an MS‐1301 mass spectrometer and a single molybdenum effusion cell. The electron ionization method was employed for ionization of the vapor species with an electron energy of 30 eV. The scale of the ionizing voltage was calibrated according to the traditional technique by measuring the appearance energy of gold in the mass spectrum of the vapor over pure gold.ResultsThe main vapor species over the samples in the Cs2O‐B2O3 system were CsBO2 and Cs2B2O4 in the temperature range 789–1215 K and in the concentration range 0.1–0.5 mole fraction of Cs2O. The temperature dependences of the CsBO2 and Cs2B2O4 partial pressures over cesium borate were obtained in the temperature range 767–990 K. The CsBO2 and B2O3 activities, the Gibbs energies of mixing, the excess Gibbs energies, the partial mole enthalpies of mixing, and total enthalpies of mixing were determined as functions of temperature and composition of the condensed phase.ConclusionsAs the Cs2O and B2O3 activity values evidenced, negative deviations from the ideal behavior were observed in the Cs2O‐B2O3 system in the temperature range 800–1000 K. The total enthalpies of mixing and the Gibbs energies of mixing in the Cs2O‐B2O3 system were compared with the literature data, illustrating their mutual agreement.
Counting independent sets in graphs with bounded bipartite pathwidth
Authors: Dyer Martin , Greenhill Catherine , Müller Haiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that a simple Markov chain, the Glauber dynamics, can efficiently sample independent sets almost uniformly at random in polynomial time for graphs in a certain class. The class is determined by boundedness of a new graph parameter called bipartite pathwidth. This result, which we prove for the more general hardcore distribution with fugacity , can be viewed as a strong generalization of Jerrum and Sinclair's work on approximately counting matchings, that is, independent sets in line graphs. The class of graphs with bounded bipartite pathwidth includes claw‐free graphs, which generalize line graphs. We consider two further generalizations of claw‐free graphs and prove that these classes have bounded bipartite pathwidth. We also show how to extend all our results to polynomially bounded vertex weights.
Recent Advances in 2D Group VB Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Su Jianwei , Liu Guiheng , Liu Lixin , Chen Jiazhen , Hu Xiaozong , Li Yuan , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D materials have received considerable research interest owing to their abundant material systems and remarkable properties. Among them, 2D group VB transition metal chalcogenides (GVTMCs) stand out as emerging 2D metallic materials and significantly broaden the research scope of 2D materials. 2D GVTMCs have great advantages in electrical transport, 2D magnetism, charge density wave, sensing, catalysis, and charge storage, making them attractive in the fields of functional devices and energy chemistry. In this review, the recent progress of 2D GVTMCs is summarized systematically from fundamental properties, growth methodologies to potential applications. The challenges and prospects are also discussed for future research in this field.
Deep trade agreements and harmonization of standards
Authors: Kawabata Yasushi , Takarada Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines how free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) affect multilateral trade agreements when countries endogenously determine the standards as well as tariffs. Raising standards reduces the negative consumption externalities of a traded good but increases firms' costs. We find that a deep FTA with the harmonization of standards may be a stumbling block for multilateral free trade with the international standard that maximizes world welfare, whereas a deep CU with standards is a building block. As extensions, we consider asymmetry in firms' production costs and in the awareness of negative externalities between countries as well as transboundary externalities.
Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysis by Atomically and Structurally Precise Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Quanquan , Qin Zhaoxian , Sharma Sachil , Li Gao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe feasibility to synthesize the ligand‐protected atomically precise nanoclusters with various compositions in sub‐nanometer range (≤2 nm) and the determination of their structures is an important step in long‐pursuit of well‐defined heterogeneous catalysis. Such types of precise catalysts provide an opportunity to understand the fundamentals of catalysis better in terms of: 1) activity and selectivity by metal‐core and metal‐ligand interface, 2) size‐dependent activity, 3) reaction mechanism and 4) active‐site identification and activation. It motivated us to develop the novel metal nanoclusters with precise structures as the new catalytic systems, which led to the several significant findings on above mentioned points. We consider that with this gained knowledge, the future research is expected to bring more exciting advancement in deep understanding of the reaction mechanism, specific‐site identification and tailoring of catalytic active sites at atomic level.
Rotor‐integrated modeling of wind turbine aerodynamics
Authors: Chabaud Valentin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel approach for the modeling of rotor‐integrated aerodynamic loads is suggested to answer the need for a comprehensive, insightful, and analytical actuator disc model. All the six degrees of freedom (including tangential components) are considered. It is shown that loads may be written as a quadratic form of a reduced six‐component velocity vector at the hub. The individual contributions of lift and drag, azimuthal variations, as well as blade pitching and tip losses are isolated. Errors introduced by the necessary approximations are discussed, and parametric corrections are considered. Parameter identification methods are then suggested, and the performance of the resulting calibrated analytical models is assessed. Results show that the new modeling approach is able to accurately model both the mean values of the thrust and power coefficients and their derivatives with respect to tip‐speed ratio and pitch angle across the full range of operating wind speeds. Furthermore, it is able to reconstruct the general rotor behavior with a minimal amount of information available. Tangential components are also well modeled, although they require the knowledge of airfoil properties. The model's architecture leaves room for extensions to dynamic flow, skewed flow, and azimuthal load variations.
Emulsion liquid membrane modeling for chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using TOMAC as a carrier
Authors: Othman Norasikin , Noah Norul Fatiha Mohamed , Sulaiman Raja Norimie Raja , Jusoh Norela , Tan Wan Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHexavalent chromium, emanating primarily from the electroplating industries, can be reduced to the less toxic trivalent variety by several methods, including emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). In this work, studies on the continuous removal of chromium from authentic electroplating wastewater by ELM are reported. The effects of treat ratio, external feed phase, and stripping agent concentration were examined. A mathematical boundary breakage model was used to study the extraction efficiency of chromium through the ELM process. The model representing the prediction of ELM extraction performance for chromium was validated through the comparison between the simulation and experimental results. The result showed the simulation model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental result. Almost 100% of 40 ppm chromium in the external feed phase was extracted within 3 to 5 min using 0.022 M TOMAC as extractant, 1.0 M acidic thiourea in the internal phase, and 1 to 5 of treat ratio.Practitioner Points

Hexavalent chromium, emanating primarily from electroplating industries, can be reduced to the less toxic trivalent using ELM process.
The developed method was tested for its applicability with predominant species of Cr2O72− in real rinse electroplating wastewater.
The extraction efficiency (%) of Cr (VI) was almost 100% for 40 ppm Cr in the external feed phase within 3 to 5 min.
The result showed the simulation model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental result.
Health Promotion Among Home-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Turkey
Authors: Körükcü Öznur , Kabukcuoğlu Kamile 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the social structure of Turkish society has changed from a broad family order to a nuclear family, family relations still hold an important place, where traditional elements dominate. Still, elderly people are cared for by their family in their home environment. Thus, the role of family members is crucial in taking care of elderly individuals. In Turkey, the responsibility of care is largely on women; the elderly’s wife, daughter, or daughter-in-law most often provides the care. Family members who provide care need support so that they can maintain their physical, psychological and mental health. At this point, Antonovsky’s salutogenic health model represents a positive and holistic approach to support individual’s health and coping. The salutogenic understanding of health emphasizes both physical, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural resources which can be utilized not only to avoid illness, but to promote health.With the rapidly increasing ageing population globally, health expenditures and the need for care are increasing accordingly. This increase reveals the importance of health-promoting practices in elderly care, which are important for the well-being and quality of life of older individuals and their families, as well as cost effectiveness. In Turkey, the emphasis on health-promoting practices is mostly focused in home-care services including examination, treatment, nursing care, medical care, medical equipment and device services, psychological support, physiotherapy, follow-up, rehabilitation services, housework (laundry, shopping, cleaning, food), personal care (dressing, bathroom, and personal hygiene help), 24-h emergency service, transportation, financial advice and training services within the scope of the social state policy for the elderly 65 years and older, whereas medical management of diseases serves elderly over the age of 85. In the Turkish health care system, salutogenesis can be used in principle for two aims: to guide health-promotion interventions in health care practice, and to (re)orient health care practice and research. The salutogenic orientation encompasses all elderly people independently of their position on the ease-/dis-ease continuum. This chapter presents health-promotion practices in the care of elderly home-dwelling people living in Turkey.
An update on moduli stabilization with antibrane uplift
Authors: Dudas Emilian , Lüst Severin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It was recently shown that in warped compactifications based on a Klebanov-Strassler throat there is a light complex structure field, governing the size of the throat and the redshift at its tip. We show that after uplift of the cosmological constant by an anti-D3 brane at the tip of the throat, the contribution to supersymmetry breaking coming from the new light field is large. We work out the mass scales, in particular the condition for this field to be heavier than the Kähler modulus. We check that for the range of parameters relevant for the destabilization we find agreement with de Sitter swampland conjecture. Adding matter fields on distant branes, we discuss the effects on supersymmetry breaking in the observable sector. A hierarchically small scale of supersymmetry breaking translates generically into large values of localized D3 charges in the manifold.
Uplifting dyonic AdS4 black holes on seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
Authors: Kim Hyojoong , Kim Nakwoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We revisit non-rotating, dyonically charged, and supersymmetric AdS4 black holes, which are solutions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity with vector- and hyper-multiplets. Uplifting the near horizon solutions to D = 11 supergravity on seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, we show that dyonic AdS4 black holes correspond to AdS2 solutions with electric and magnetic baryonic fluxes in D = 11 supergravity. We identify the off-shell AdS4 black hole solutions with parameters of D = 11 AdS2 solutions without imposing the equations of motion. We calculate the entropy of dyonic black holes, carefully analyzing the Page charge quantization conditions.
$$ \frac{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}\right)\times \mathrm{U}(1)}{\mathrm{U}(1)} $$ CFT, NS5+F1 system and single trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we prove the equivalence among (i) the weakly coupled worldsheet string theory described by the coset sigma model $$ \frac{\mathrm{SL}{\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}\right)}_k\times \mathrm{U}(1)}{\mathrm{U}(1)} $$

SL

2
ℝ

k

×
U

1

U

1

× S3 × T4 with SL(2, ℝ) WZW level k ≥ 2, (ii) the full near horizon theory of the NS5 branes with k NS5 branes wrapping T4 × S1, p » 1 F1 strings wrapping S1 and n units of momentum along the S1 and (iii) the single trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation of string theory in AdS3 × S3 × T4. As a check we compute the spectrum (continuous) of the spacetime theory by performing BRST quantization of the coset description of the worldsheet theory and show that it matches exactly with the one derived in the case of single trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed string theory in AdS3. Secondly, we compute the two-point correlation function of local operators of the spacetime theory using the worldsheet coset approach and reproduce the same two-point function from the supergravity approach.
Challenge to anomalous phenomena in solar neutrino
Authors: Ahn Y. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe suggest a would-be solution to the solar neutrino tension why solar neutrinos appear to mix differently from reactor antineutrinos, in theoretical respect. To do that, based on an extended theory with light sterile neutrinos added we derive a general transition probability of neutrinos born with one flavor tuning into a different flavor. Three new mass-squared differences are augmented in the extended theory:$$ \Delta {m}_{\mathrm{ABL}}^2\lesssim \mathcal{O}\left({10}^{-11}\right) $$ΔmABL2≲O10−11eV2optimized at astronomical-scale baseline (ABL) oscillation experiments and one$$ \Delta {m}_{\mathrm{SBL}}^2\lesssim \mathcal{O}(1) $$ΔmSBL2≲O1eV2optimized at reactor short-baseline (SBL) oscillation experiments. With a so-called composite matter effect that causes a neutrino flavor change via the effects of sinusoidal oscillation including the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein matter effect, we find that the value of ∆m2measured from reactor antineutrino experiments can be fitted with that from the8B solar neutrino experiments for roughly$$ \Delta {m}_1^2\lesssim {10}^{-13} $$Δm12≲10−13eV2and$$ \Delta {m}_2^2\simeq \mathcal{O}\left({10}^{-11}\right) $$Δm22≃O10−11eV2. Nonetheless, we find that the current data (solar neutrino alone) is not precise enough to test the proposed scenario. Future precise measurements of8B andpepsolar neutrinos may confirm and/or improve the value of$$ \Delta {m}_2^2 $$Δm22.
On the N-pion extension of the Lovelace-Shapiro model
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Consoli Dario , Di Vecchia Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We reconsider a modification of the N-point amplitude of the Neveu-Schwarz (NS) model in which the tachyon becomes a pion by shifting its mass to zero and keeping the super-projective invariance of the integrand of the amplitude. For the scattering of four particles it reduces to the amplitude written by Lovelace and Shapiro that has Adler zeroes. We confirm that also the N-pion amplitude has Adler zeroes and show that it reduces to that of the non-linear σ-model for α′ → 0 keeping Fπ fixed. The four- and six-point flavour-ordered amplitudes satisfy tree-level unitarity since they can be derived from the correspondent amplitudes of the NS model in ten dimensions by suitably choosing the components of the momenta of the external mesons in the six extra dimensions. Negative norm states (ghosts) are shown to appear instead in higher-point amplitudes. We also discuss several amplitudes involving different external mesons.
Deterministic Sparse Sublinear FFT with Improved Numerical Stability
Authors: Plonka Gerlind , von Wulffen Therese 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we extend the deterministic sublinear FFT algorithm in Plonka et al. (Numer Algorithms 78:133–159, 2018. 10.1007/s11075-017-0370-5) for fast reconstruction of M-sparse vectors $${\mathbf{x}}$$
x
of length $$N= 2^J$$

N
=

2
J

, where we assume that all components of the discrete Fourier transform $$\hat{\mathbf{x}}= {\mathbf{F}}_{N} {\mathbf{x}}$$

x
^

=

F
N

x

are available. The sparsity of $${\mathbf{x}}$$
x
needs not to be known a priori, but is determined by the algorithm. If the sparsity M is larger than $$2^{J/2}$$

2

J
/
2

, then the algorithm turns into a usual FFT algorithm with runtime $${\mathcal O}(N \log N)$$

O
(
N
log
N
)

. For $$M^{2} < N$$

M
2

<
N

, the runtime of the algorithm is $${\mathcal O}(M^2 \, \log N)$$

O
(

M
2

log
N
)

. The proposed modifications of the approach in Plonka et al. (2018) lead to a significant improvement of the condition numbers of the Vandermonde matrices which are employed in the iterative reconstruction. Our numerical experiments show that our modification has a huge impact on the stability of the algorithm. While the algorithm in Plonka et al. (2018) starts to be unreliable for $$M>20$$

M
>
20

because of numerical instabilities, the modified algorithm is still numerically stable for $$M=200$$

M
=
200

.
The hydrostatic approximation for the primitive equations by the scaled Navier–Stokes equations under the no-slip boundary condition
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Giga Yoshikazu , Kashiwabara Takahito 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we justify the hydrostatic approximation of the primitive equations in maximal$$L^p$$Lp-$$L^q$$Lq-settings in the three-dimensional layer domain$$\varOmega = \mathbb {T} ^2 \times (-1, 1)$$Ω=T2×(-1,1)under the no-slip (Dirichlet) boundary condition in any time interval (0, T) for$$T>0$$T>0. We show that the solution to the$$\epsilon $$ϵ-scaled Navier–Stokes equations with Besov initial data$$u_0 \in B^{s}_{q,p}(\varOmega )$$u0∈Bq,ps(Ω)for$$s > 2 - 2/p + 1/ q$$s>2-2/p+1/qconverges to the solution to the primitive equations with the same initial data in$$\mathbb {E}_1 (T) = W^{1, p}(0, T ; L^q (\varOmega )) \cap L^p(0, T ; W^{2, q} (\varOmega )) $$E1(T)=W1,p(0,T;Lq(Ω))∩Lp(0,T;W2,q(Ω))with order$$O(\epsilon )$$O(ϵ), where$$(p,q) \in (1,\infty )^2$$(p,q)∈(1,∞)2satisfies$$ \frac{1}{p} \le \min ( 1 - 1/q, 3/2 - 2/q ) $$1p≤min(1-1/q,3/2-2/q)and$$\epsilon $$ϵhas the length scale. The global well-posedness of the scaled Navier–Stokes equations by$$\epsilon $$ϵin$$\mathbb {E}_1 (T)$$E1(T)is also proved for sufficiently small$$\epsilon >0$$ϵ>0. Note that$$T = \infty $$T=∞is included.
Inverse Problem for the Yang–Mills Equations
Authors: Chen Xi , Lassas Matti , Oksanen Lauri , Paternain Gabriel P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that a connection can be recovered up to gauge from source-to-solution type data associated with the Yang–Mills equations in Minkowski space $${\mathbb {R}}^{1+3}$$

R

1
+
3

. Our proof analyzes the principal symbols of waves generated by suitable nonlinear interactions and reduces the inversion to a broken non-abelian light ray transform. The principal symbol analysis of the interaction is based on a delicate calculation that involves the structure of the Lie algebra under consideration and the final result holds for any compact Lie group.
Random Evolution Equations: Well-Posedness, Asymptotics, and Applications to Graphs
Authors: Bonaccorsi Stefano , Cottini Francesca , Mugnolo Delio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study diffusion-type equations supported on structures that are randomly varying in time. After settling the issue of well-posedness, we focus on the asymptotic behavior of solutions: our main result gives sufficient conditions for pathwise convergence in norm of the (random) propagator towards a (deterministic) steady state. We apply our findings in two environments with randomly evolving features: ensembles of difference operators on combinatorial graphs, or else of differential operators on metric graphs.
Structural and functional radiomics for lung cancer
Authors: Wu Guangyao , Jochems Arthur , Refaee Turkey , Ibrahim Abdalla , Yan Chenggong , Sanduleanu Sebastian , Woodruff Henry C. , Lambin Philippe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Lung cancer ranks second in new cancer cases and first in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Precision medicine is working on altering treatment approaches and improving outcomes in this patient population. Radiological images are a powerful non-invasive tool in the screening and diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer, treatment strategy support, prognosis assessment, and follow-up for advanced-stage lung cancer. Recently, radiological features have evolved from solely semantic to include (handcrafted and deep) radiomic features. Radiomics entails the extraction and analysis of quantitative features from medical images using mathematical and machine learning methods to explore possible ties with biology and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Here, we outline the latest applications of both structural and functional radiomics in detection, diagnosis, and prediction of pathology, gene mutation, treatment strategy, follow-up, treatment response evaluation, and prognosis in the field of lung cancer.

Conclusion
The major drawbacks of radiomics are the lack of large datasets with high-quality data, standardization of methodology, the black-box nature of deep learning, and reproducibility. The prerequisite for the clinical implementation of radiomics is that these limitations are addressed. Future directions include a safer and more efficient model-training mode, merge multi-modality images, and combined multi-discipline or multi-omics to form “Medomics.”