bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of comorbidities on ischemic stroke mortality: An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database
Authors: De Stefano Frank , Mayo Timothy , Covarrubias Claudia , Fiani Brian , Musch Brian 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Stroke risk has been attributed to many pathological and behavioral conditions. Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been recognized and found consistent throughout epidemiological studies. Herein, we investigate the effect of comorbidities seen with patient’s suffering from ischemic stroke and its effect on in-hospital mortality.

Methods:
We identified patients >18 year old in the National Inpatient Sample database with diseases of interest utilizing the tenth International Classification of Disease 10 diagnostic codes from the years 2016 to 2018. Interval data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed using Bonferroni correction methods. To determine independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression for each comorbidity. Descriptive and numerical statistics, imputation, and logistic regression were calculated using SPSS software version 25.

Results:
Patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke were found to have the following comorbidities: atrial fibrillation (7.5%), carotid artery stenosis (1.1%), diabetes mellitus type 2 (11.4%), congestive heart failure (CHF) (7.5%), essential hypertension (21.2%), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (2.3%). In-hospital mortality rates were higher in patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke and concomitant IHD (28.2%, P < 0.001). Hospital length of stay was longest in patients with concomitant CHF (5.96 days, P < 0.001). Similarly, patients with CHF accrued the greatest in-hospital costs (69,174 USD, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patients hospitalized from ischemic stroke suffered from the coexistence of other comorbidities. Of the comorbidities studied, IHD was identified as having the most significant impact on in-hospital mortality.
O uso de softwares no ensino de Biologia: o que revelam as produções científicas da REnBio (2010-2020)?
Authors: Queirós Silmara Gomes , Silva Junior Aldenor Batista , Charaf Eddine Eder Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento de publicações científicas que abordam possibilidades do uso de softwares como ferramentas no Ensino de Biologia. Os resultados apresentados neste levantamento do conhecimento são oriundos de um mapeamento de trabalhos relacionados ao uso de softwares no ensino de Biologia publicados no banco de dados da Revista de Ensino de Biologia (REnBio) entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. A seleção dos trabalhos foi feita com base nos filtros estabelecidos: (1) trabalhos que abordavam experiências com o uso de software no ensino de Biologia; (2) estudos que propunham o desenvolvimento de softwares voltados especificamente ao ensino de Biologia; (3) estudos que abordavam a produção de recursos didáticos para o ensino de Biologia com auxílio de softwares. Resultaram do presente levantamento 26 produções e um total de 24 softwares que podem ser aplicados nas diversas temáticas do Ensino de Biologia. A utilização de softwares têm se mostrado uma ferramenta eficaz no trabalho pedagógico, sendo capaz de ocasionar mudanças significativas na capacidade perceptiva e interativa dos alunos.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Tipe Think Talk Write Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Berbasis Outcame Based Education (OBE) Melalui Pengunaan Media Online Terhadap Literasi Sains Peserta Didik
Authors: Juhaeri'ah Juhaeri'ah , Setiadi Dadi , Handayani Baiq Sri , Artayasa I Putu 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan antara nilai rata-rata pretest dan postest kemampuan literasi sains dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran think talk write terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcame based education melalui penggunaan media online peserta didik di SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi; (2) apakah penerapan model pembelajaran think talk write terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcame based education ÃÂ melalui penggunaan media online efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pra-eksperimen, dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA (26 orang). Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji t (paired sample t test) dan uji N-gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pretest dan postest kemampuan literasi sains dengan perolehan rata-rata pretest 31,85 dan posttest 72,65. Hasil perhitungan uji t menghasilkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga keputusannya adalah Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima; (2) penerapan model pembelajaran think talk write terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcame based education melalui penggunaan media online cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi. Hal ini dibuktikan dari perolehan rata-rata skor N-gain literasi sains sebesar 60,6% termasuk dalam kategori cukup efektif.
ELÇİN EFENDİYEV'İN ÇOCUK HİKÂYELERİNİN ÇOCUĞA GÖRELİK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖĞÜNÇ Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

20. yüzyıl Azerbaycan edebiyatının önde gelen şahsiyetlerinden biri olan Elçin Efendiyev, 1943 yılında Bakü’de dünyaya gelmiştir. Bu dönem, Sovyet yönetiminin baskısı altında geçen, edebî eserlerin yönetimin istekleri doğrultusunda yazıldığı “sosyalist realizm” akımının son derece etkili olduğu bir dönemdir. Elçin Efendiyev, farklı türde yazdığı eserlerin yanında çocukları da unutmamıştır. Çocuklar için hikâyeler ve tekerlemeler yazarak onların eğitimine ve gelişimine katkı sağlama yoluna gitmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Elçin Efendiyev’in hayatı ve edebî şahsiyeti üzerinde durulacak, ardından Efendiyev’in çocuklar için yazmış olduğu hikâyeler metin odaklı hikâye tahlili yöntemiyle incelenecek ve çocuğa görelik açısından değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmanın evrenini yazarın Azerbaycan’da “Çinar-Çap (Çınar Yayınevi)” tarafından yayınlanan on ciltlik Elçin – Seçilmiş Eserleri adlı derlemenin birinci cildinde yer alan on dokuz çocuk hikâyesi oluşturmaktadır.
النَّصُّ الواصف ـــ العَدَسةُ والقُرْص مقاربات إبستمولوجيَّة في أبجديَّة التَّحليل النَّصِّيّ قديماً وحديثاً القسم الأوَّل
Authors: جبَّار كاظم داود عِماد 
Published: June 2021

يُشرق النَّصُّ متّشحاً بألوان طيفٍ، يقوم على ركائز فلسفيَّة متعدِّدة، تتّصف في كونٍ أصوليّ، موضوعيّ، بنيويّ، إرساليّ تارةً، ووصفيّ، حموليّ، تحويليٍّ، نقديّ، معرفيّ، في أخرى، ليكون الأوَّل، وهو العقل المكوِّن ـــــ مستوى التَّصوُّرات والهويّات والخلفيَّات والافتراضات والعوالم الأولى: البدهيّ منها والكسبيّ ـــــ مقدِّمةً قبليَّة تُعتمد في النَّظر والتَّوجيه. والثاني بَعْدي، عبارة عن نتائج منه، أي: من النَّصّ؛ بوصفها مقولات تعريفيَّة وحمولات نصّ واصف/خطاب العقل المكوَّن، في جدل دائر يبدأ بالتَّنقيب والكشف والبيان، لا لينتهي بالعقد والتَّكوين النِّهائيّ خلاصةً، بل إلى نحو تلقٍّ من قراءة، وقراءة أخرى في التَّرجمة والتَّفسير ومساقات الفكر والتّأويل، وهكذا في جدل، من قراءة في إشكاليَّة، إلى إشكاليَّة في قراءة، والنَّصّ والتَّأويل والفهم والشَّرح والتَّفسير على أنحاء من ائتلاف أو اختلاف، مقاربة أو مباعدة، في استمرار متواصل.
يمكن القول إنَّ النَّصّ الواصف عبارةٌ عن خطابِ كُلِّيّات معرفيَّة، وفصول توجيهيَّة، تُؤَسِّس لنفسها بلاغة ذاتها في شريعة من مقاصدها الواصفة، يتوزَّع بعدها الإدراكيّ على شكل هرميّ ثلاثيّ التَّكوين، تعمل متفاعلة متكاملة كـ"ميكانيزم"، في محور الإنسان وعوالمه المختلفة، في: 1ـ النَّصّ. 2ـ العلم "الإبستيم"، بوصفه معلوماً، وما يتجلَّى في الخلفيَّة المعرفيَّة والافتراضات والمرجعيَّات السَّابقة، تلك التي لها دخل فيه تشكيلاً، شرحاً وتوضيحاً وتفسيراً. 3ـ الذَّات المُدركة/الواصفة، بنحو من أفعال القراءة، وحدود التَّلقِّي ومساقاته ــــ الفهم.
وتبقى القراءة وأفعالها الإنتاجيَّة والكشفيَّة الواصفة على نحوين: وصف لذات، ووصف لمُدْرَك، ولا شكَّ في أنَّ الأخير ـــــ الموضوع/المعرفة ـــــ غير الذَّات، وهي بالضَّرورة غير المعرفة، بل المعرفة هي الضَّابط في تحديد المسافات بين ذات وإدراك، ومدى التَّطابق والتَّصديق يكون رهناً، موقوفاً على الملاك، ناهيك بالقدرة على الفهم والاستيعاب وامتلاك الأدوات وحسن ممارستها، بل مجمع الخوارزميَّات، وتوظيف المناهج، وتطويع الآليَّات، التي تسقط تطبيقاً على النَّصّ وما يكتنفه. وهل يتوقّف منطق التَّفكير وفعل القراءة؟ إنَّه خروج إذن، من عالم التَّكوين إلى عالم آخر!.
Analisis bauran komunikasi pemasaran di KSPPS Karisma Kantor Cabang Grabag dalam meningkatkan jumlah anggota
Authors: Azizah Vina Al , Achsa Andhatu 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui lebih dalam dan mendeskripsikan kondisi bauran komunikasi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh KSPPS Karisma kantor cabang Grabag dalam menarik minat anggota sehingga jumlahnya meningkat. Kegagalan sebuah koperasi dalam memperoleh anggota salah satu faktornya adalah kurangnya media komunikasi pemasaran, sedangkan anggota adalah sumber keberlangsungan hidup bagi koperasi, maka dibutuhkan komunikasi pemasaran yang baik untuk menginformasikan adanya suatu produk sekaligus membujuk agar masyarakat melakukan pembelian. Metode deskriptif kualitatif menjadi metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, penyajian data yang ditemukan, dan kesimpulan. Data diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara dengan purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampelnya, dokumentasi, internet, dan studi kepustakaan yang dilaksanakan pada February 2020 sampai Mei 2020. Bauran komunikasi pemasaran yang digunakan oleh KSPPS Karisma cabang Grabag untuk meraih anggota adalah periklanan,penjualan personal, pemasaran dari mulut ke mulut, pemasaran langsung dan interaktif, dan hubungan masyarakat dan publisitas. Dalam penelitian ini, bauran komunikasi pemasaran yang digunakan oleh KSPPS Karisma cabang Grabag berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah anggota.This study aims to know deeply and describe the conditions of marketing communication mix applied by KSPPS Karisma Grabag offices in attracting members’ interest so that the numbers increase. The failure of a cooperative in getting members one of the factors is the lack of the marketing communication media, while members are source of survival for cooperatives, so good marketing communication is needed to inform the existence of a product and persuading the public to make a purchase. The qualitative descriptive method is used in this research. Data analysis methods used are data collection, presentation of data, and conclusions. Data obtained from observations and interviews with purposive sampling as a sampling technique, documentation, internet, and literatur study conducted on February to May 2020. The marketing communication mix used by KSPPS Karisma Grabag office to reach members is advertising, personal selling, word of mouth marketing, direct and interactive marketing, and public relations and publicity. In this study, the marketing communication mix used by KSPPS Karisma Grabag office affect on increasing number of members.
Screening of Kidney Disease in Asymptomatic Female College Students by Urine Dipstick Method
Authors: Chhetri Santosh , Shah Dibya S 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Urine examination by urine dipstick method is a useful tool to identify asymptomatic individual for kidney disease. A urine dipstick analysis was conducted on world kidney day to determine the urine abnormalities among asymptomatic female college students.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in a government female college in Kathmandu Nepal. Three hundred asymptomatic female students participated in this study. Fresh midstream urine samples were obtained and tested by urine dipstick method. Random Blood glucose was monitored with glucometer. Blood pressure was measured by manual sphynomanometer.
ResultsThe mean age of the female students was 22.62±2.686 years. Fifteen participants (5%) were found positive for proteinuria and only 1% of participants had glycosuria. The systolic blood pressure of >120 mm Hg was present in 14% of participants while 5% of participants had diastolic blood pressure of >90mm Hg. Participants who were found to have urinary proteinuria detected had both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased. Only 8% of the participants had random blood sugar of >140 mg/dl.
ConclusionUrinary abnormalities like proteinuria and glycosuria in asymptomatic female students has significant prevalence. Systemic prehypertension and hypertension has alarming rates among adolescents. Hence, screening for blood pressure and early detection of renal disorders will lead to effective interventions and possibly reduce the burden of renal diseases.
Early Post-Operative Outcome and Complication of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation under Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Shrestha Kajan R 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the commonest vascular access for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, however there is no consensus regarding mode of anaesthesia for creation of AVF. Mode of anaesthesia may have effect on outcome and complication of AVF.
MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study conducted on the basis of data collected from patients undergoing AVF under brachial plexus block (BPB) from January 2018 to December 2018 at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center (MCVTC). Data regarding demographics, results and complications have been analyzed.
ResultsA total of 79 patients (male: female=45:34) underwent AVF under BPB during one year period at University teaching hospital with a mean age group of 56.76±11.65 years (24-86 years). In three patients, the brachial plexus block failed and was substituted with general anaesthesia while 21 patients needed some adjuncts with block to create fistula. In 38 patients (48.10%) brachiocephalic fistula was created and in 48 patients (60.76%), plan to make fistula at proximal site was changed after application of block to more distal level. All fistulas were patent at 24 hours (100%, 79 patients) and the rate was 93.67% (74 patients) at 6weeks. The complications seen post procedure were limb oedema in five patients (6.33%), thrombosis and infection in one patient each, hematoma in two patients and bleeding in three patients.
ConclusionBrachial plexus block is effective modality of anaesthesia to create AVF for hemodialysis as it increases chances of creating distal fistula and also increases the effectiveness of it.
Blood Groups and their Association with Academic Performance among Medical Students in a Nepalese Medical College
Authors: Mahat Barun , Shrestha Lava , Adhikari Shailesh , Thapa Bikalp , Limbu Prakesh , Banstola Dinesh , Dhungel Sunil 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Knowing a person’s blood type is not only important in transfusion medicine and forensic medicine but is also useful for predicting a person’s characteristics including intelligence, knowledge, skill and behavior. It is recognized that intelligence, knowledge and skill are assessed by performance in examination. The objective of this study was to determine distribution of blood groups among students and its association with their academic performance.
MethodsThis was an analytical study that was conducted among the medical students of Nepalese Army Institutes of Health Sciences (NAIHS) in Department of Clinical Physiology from June 2014 to April 2019. This study was conducted among 738 students by using convenient sampling method. Blood group was determined on the basis of agglutination reaction. Academic performance of students was assessed by the marks obtained by them in annual final examination.
ResultsBlood group O was the most prevalent at 33.5%, followed by B at 29.5%, A at 29% and AB at 8%. Distribution of Rh positive and Rh negative were 96.6% and 3.4% respectively. The mean scores obtained in final university examination were highest in blood group A (62.9%) and lowest in blood group AB (60.3%) but the difference between different blood groups was not statistically significant.
ConclusionBlood group O was the most common blood group. Rh positive was present in 96.6%. Though mean score was highest in blood group A, significant association between blood groups and academic performance was not seen in our study.
Experience of Hydatid Cyst Management in a Tertiary Care Center in Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Joshi Bijendra D , Koirala Udaya , Joshi Arbin , Dhital Saroj P , Dhoubadhel Prativa 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Hydatid cyst is a common disease in Asian subcontinent produced by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The most common site of involvement is the liver. The mode of presentation can vary. The management of hydatid cyst includes medical treatment with albendazole, ultrasound guided aspiration and instillation of scolicidal agents as well as surgical treatment. Surgery can be perfomed by open or laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study is to analyze the cases of hydatid cyst of liver managed in our set up.
MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 45 patients with hydatid cyst managed in Kathmandu Model Hospital over the last five years. Data were collected from the patients hospital records. Demographic parameters, chief complains, radiological findings, anti echinococcal immunglobulin findings, mode of management,complications of surgery were evaluated.
ResultsMajority of our patients were female (66.7%). Mean age of the patients were 39±17.2 years (16 to 89 years).Most common symptom of presentation was pain in right upper quadrant of abdomen.Most common site of involvement was liver (93.33%)followed by spleen (4.4%). There was one case of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst which was referred.Operative management was done in patients (17.77%) out of which five patients (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic partial pericystectomy and omentoplasty.No major complications were encountered in any of the cases managed surgically.
ConclusionMajority of cases occured in liver. Most cases were managed conservatively. Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst is effective.
Profile and Outcome of Adult Spine Pathologies Managed in a Neurosurgical Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Sah Hemant K , Shrestha Dipendra K , Rajbhandari Binod , Sedain Gopal , Pradhanang Amit B , Shilpakar Sushil K , Sharma Mohan R 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Spine pathology involves a wide spectrum of diseases and needs a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, rehabilitation and psychological support. It increases the burden to the family and society. This study describes diseases related to spine and spinal cord from a neurosurgical department of a tertiary hospital in Nepal.
MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all spinal cases admitted between April 2019 to February 2019, in the Department of Neurosurgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All adult patients of ≥16 years, diagnosed with various spinal diseases were included. Based on the spectrum of causative pathologies, the study population was broadly categorized into trauma, degenerative, tumor, vascular and infection. Demographics, other variables, and outcome at 1 month were assessed.
ResultsA total of 71 patients were included in this study. Male preponderance was observed in all categories. Twenty three patients (32.4%) had traumatic spine injury and fall from height was the most common mode of injury, accounting for two-third of the total spinal trauma patients. Cervical segment was involved in two-third patients. More than one-third of the spinal patients (36.6%) had a degenerative disorder involving lumbar (57.7%) and cervical regions (42.3%). Spinal infection was diagnosed in 11.2% of the patients with 62.5% diagnosed as Pott’s spine. Overall complications were seen in 20%. Pain improved in all patients while overall good outcome was noted in 63.2% of the patients.
ConclusionOur study demonstrated a large patient burden and a clinical profile dominated by preventable causes such as RTA and fall injury. With early treatment and rehabilitation, significant improvement can be achieved. Further large scale multicenter studies are required to generalize the findings of this study to the whole population of Nepal.
Clinical Overview of Cancer Patients in Province Two of Nepal: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Thakur Anshu K , Shah Anish , Ray Barun K 
Published: June 2021

Introduction The incidence of cancer is rising in Nepal. It is estimated to reach 38.5 per 100,000 for males and 41.5 per 100,000 for females by 2020. The studies to determine the cancer burden in Nepal at provincial level have been insufficient and those that have been done are more inclined to Province 3. With establishment of a dedicated cancer facility in this area, we present an overview of clinical scenario of cancer patients in Province 2.
MethodsWe performed a single centered, retrospective review of 118 patients who were registered in Oncology Clinics between May 2019 and February 2020. Demographics, diagnoses and the treatment strategies were obtained from the medical records.
ResultsMedian age of presentation for cancer was 55 years (range, 6 to 83 years) with maximum number of patients falling within range of 50-60 years (31.4%). 71 patients (60.2%) were female and 47 patients (39.8%) were male. The common presenting cancers were gastrointestinal (27.1%), breast (16.9%), head and neck (15.3), gynecological (13.6%), hematological (11.9%) and others (15.2%). Among the gastrointestinal cancers, carcinoma of gallbladder with 15 cases (46.9%) was the most frequently occurring, followed by colorectal cancer with 6 cases (18.8%) and esophageal cancer with 4 cases (12.5%). Among all, 78 patients (66.1%) received palliative care only, 25 patients (21.2%) received chemotherapy only, 8 patients (6.8%) underwent surgery only, 3 patients (2.5%) underwent surgery and received chemotherapy as well, 2 patients (1.7%) received both chemotherapy and palliative care and 2 patients (1.7%) were reassured and observed.
ConclusionThe most common age of presentation for cancer of any type was 50-60 years, with most common cancer being gastrointestinal in origin. Most of the patients received palliative care owing to their advanced stage at presentation.
Relationship Between Ossicular Chain Erosion and Facial Canal Dehiscence in Chronic Otitis Media Squamous
Authors: Kharel Bijaya , Shreepaili Ashok , Tripathi Prashant , Neupane Yogesh , Gurung Urmila , Pradhananga Rabindra B , Rayamajhi Pabina , Bhattarai Hari 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Chronic otitis media squamous is a gradually expanding destructive lesion and leads to complications by eroding the adjacent structures. Facial canal and ossicles are in close proximity in the middle ear space and they share the same pathogenesis of the bony erosion. Ossicular chain erosion found intraoperatively due to cholesteatoma, may suggest the likelihood of facial canal dehiscence. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between ossicular chain erosion and facial canal dehiscence in chronic otitis media squamous.
MethodsIt is a retrospective chart review of patients who had mastoidectomy done for chronic otitis media squamous in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The operative findings of facial canal dehiscence were correlated with ossicular chain status.
ResultsAmong 158 cases, facial canal dehiscence was seen in 20 (12.7%), of which, 19/20 (95%) had ossicular erosion. Majority (90%) of dehiscence was in the horizontal segment. Incus was the most common ossicle to be eroded. Among the ossicles, stapes erosion was related to the facial canal dehiscence with odds ratio of 3.216 (1.235-8.374) and p-value 0.03.
ConclusionAmong the ossicles, there is a relationship between the stapes erosion and the facial canal dehiscence in chronic otitis squamous. Erosion of ossicular chain especially stapes should alert surgeons towards the possibility of facial canal dehiscence.