bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers
Authors: Krause Ariane , Häfner Franziska , Augustin Florian , Udert Kai M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman excreta are a sustainable, economical source of nutrients, and can be used to produce recycling fertilizer for horticulture by collecting and processing the contents of dry toilets. Herein, we discuss the key categories of risk associated with the main groups of materials commonly found in dry toilets. The study was part of the development of a German product standard for marketable and quality-assured recycling fertilizers from human excreta for use in horticulture. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the fertilizer is epidemiologically and environmentally harmless and that the quality of the recycling fertilizer is adequate in terms of low pollution and nutrient availability. In sum, the risk of transmissible human pathogens lies within the human excreta, particularly feces; plant materials added during composting are of particular phytosanitary relevance; pharmaceutical residues in excrements and chemical additives are potential sources of pollutants; non-biodegradable contaminants can cause pollution and injury; and the horticultural risks involve mainly the ammonia emission potential and in some cases the salinity effects of urine. These risks can be reduced significantly (i) with education of users around proper operation of dry toilets and the consequences of adding inappropriate waste, (ii) with facilitation of proper use with general waste bins and clear instructions, and importantly (iii) by using modern sanitization and cleaning processes and testing for harmful substances under the guidance of local laws and regulations, ensuring safe and high-quality fertilizers. In conclusion, the benefits of using dry toilet contents to produce fertilizers for use in horticulture are unquestionable. Our analysis highlights the need to support recycling optimization and awareness for the purpose of a sustainable circular economy and to minimize the risk of harm to humans and the environment overall.
Closing Water and Nutrient Cycles in Urban Wastewater Management: How to Make an Academic Software Available to General Practice
Authors: Schuur Johann S. , Spuhler Dorothee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAppropriate sanitation is crucial to alleviate pressures on environmental and human health hazards. Conventional (sewered) sanitation systems are often not viable in rapidly developing urban areas, where over 70% of the world population is expected to live in 2050. Freshwater is polluted and valuable resources such as nutrients and organics are lost. At present, many alternative sanitation technologies and systems are being developed with the aim to alleviate these pressures through (1) independency from sewers, water, and energy, therefore better adapted to the needs of fast and uncontrolled developing urban areas; and (2) contribute to a circular economy through the recovery of nutrients, energy, and water for reuse. Unfortunately, these innovations hardly find their way into practice because there exists a lack of data and knowledge to systematically consider them in strategic planning processes. To this end, we have developed SANitaTIon system Alternative GeneratOr (SANTIAGO)—a software that provides a comprehensive list of potential technologies and system configurations and quantifies their local appropriateness as well as their resource recovery and loss potentials. The aim is to provide a manageable but diverse set of decision options together with information needed to rank the alternatives and to select the preferred one in a structured decision making process. To make this software useful for practice, an easily accessible interactive user interface is required that (1) facilitates data collection and input; and (2) the exploration and presentation of results. As a first step in creating this user interface, we develop a framework that summarizes (1) the requirements that arise from practical applications of SANTIAGO, and (2) a comprehensive user understanding on the basis of 21 interviews with international practitioners caught in five personas: capacity developers, engineering experts, planners, researchers, teachers and trainers. This framework aids the development of any academic software into a tool useful for practice and policy makers. Here specifically, it enables contribution to sustainable development goals 6 (clean water and sanitation), and 11 (sustainable cities and communities).
Genetic Architecture of Childhood Kidney and Urological Diseases in China
Authors: Fang Ye , Shi Hua , Xiang Tianchao , Liu Jiaojiao , Liu Jialu , Tang Xiaoshan , Fang Xiaoyan , Chen Jing , Zhai Yihui , Shen Qian , Li Guomin , Sun Li , Bi Yunli , Wang Xiang , Qian Yanyan , Wu Bingbing , Wang Huijun , Zhou Wenhao , Ma Duan , Mao Jianhua , Jiang Xiaoyun , Sun Shuzhen , Shen Ying , Liu Xiaorong , Zhang Aihua , Wang Xiaowen , Huang Wenyan , Li Qiu , Wang Mo , Gao Xiaojie , Wu Yubin , Deng Fang , Zhang Ruifeng , Liu Cuihua , Yu Li , Zhuang Jieqiu , Sun Qing , Dang Xiqiang , Bai Haitao , Zhu Ying , Lu Siguang , Zhang Bili , Shao Xiaoshan , Liu Xuemei , Han Mei , Zhao Lijun , Liu Yuling , Gao Jian , Bao Ying , Zhang Dongfeng , Ma Qingshan , Zhao Liping , Xia Zhengkun , Lu Biao , Wang Yulong , Zhao Mengzhun , Zhang Jianjiang , Jian Shan , He Guohua , Zhang Huifeng , Zhao Bo , LI Xiaohua , Wang Feiyan , Li Yufeng , Zhu Hongtao , Luo Xinhui , Li Jinghai , Rao Jia , Xu Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKidney disease is manifested in a wide variety of phenotypes, many of which have an important hereditary component. To delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of pediatric nephropathy, a multicenter registration system is being implemented based on the Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database (CCGKDD). In this study, all the patients with kidney and urological diseases were recruited from 2014 to 2020. Genetic analysis was conducted using exome sequencing for families with multiple affected individuals with nephropathy or clinical suspicion of a genetic kidney disease owing to early-onset or extrarenal features. The genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 883 of 2256 (39.1%) patients from 23 provinces in China. Phenotypic profiles showed that the primary diagnosis included steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS, 23.5%), glomerulonephritis (GN, 32.2%), congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT, 21.2%), cystic renal disease (3.9%), renal calcinosis/stone (3.6%), tubulopathy (9.7%), and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu, 5.8%). The pathogenic variants of 105 monogenetic disorders were identified. Ten distinct genomic disorders were identified as pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in 11 patients. The diagnostic yield differed by subgroups, and was highest in those with cystic renal disease (66.3%), followed by tubulopathy (58.4%), GN (57.7%), CKDu (43.5%), SRNS (29.2%), renal calcinosis /stone (29.3%) and CAKUT (8.6%). Reverse phenotyping permitted correct identification in 40 cases with clinical reassessment and unexpected genetic conditions. We present the results of the largest cohort of children with kidney disease in China where diagnostic exome sequencing was performed. Our data demonstrate the utility of family-based exome sequencing, and indicate that the combined analysis of genotype and phenotype based on the national patient registry is pivotal to the genetic diagnosis of kidney disease.
SLM2 Is a Novel Cardiac Splicing Factor Involved in Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Boeckel Jes-Niels , Möbius-Winkler Maximilian , Müller Marion , Rebs Sabine , Eger Nicole , Schoppe Laura , Tappu Rewati , Kokot Karoline E. , Kneuer Jasmin M. , Gaul Susanne , Bordalo Diana M. , Lai Alan , Haas Jan , Ghanbari Mahsa , Drewe-Boss Philipp , Liss Martin , Katus Hugo A. , Ohler Uwe , Gotthardt Michael , Laufs Ulrich , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin , Meder Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing is a fundamental process to increase the versatility of the genome. In humans, cardiac mRNA splicing is involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Mutations in the splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) cause severe forms of cardiomyopathy. To identify novel cardiomyopathy-associated splicing factors, RNA-seq and tissue-enrichment analyses were performed, which identified up-regulated expression of Sam68-Like mammalian protein 2 (SLM2) in the left ventricle of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. In the human heart, SLM2 binds to important transcripts of sarcomere constituents, such as those encoding myosin light chain 2 (MYL2), troponin I3 (TNNI3), troponin T2 (TNNT2), tropomyosin 1/2 (TPM1/2), and titin (TTN). Mechanistically, SLM2 mediates intron retention, prevents exon exclusion, and thereby mediates alternative splicing of the mRNA regions encoding the variable proline-, glutamate-, valine-, and lysine-rich (PEVK) domain and another part of the I-band region of titin. In summary, SLM2 is a novel cardiac splicing regulator with essential functions for maintaining cardiomyocyte integrity by binding to and processing the mRNAs of essential cardiac constituents such as titin.
General Public Perception of Social Media, Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic, and Related Misconceptions
Authors: Ali Rabiya , Jawed Shireen , Baig Mukhtiar , Azam Malik Ahmad , Syed Fatima , Rehman Rehana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectives:This research aimed at investigating the general public perception of social media (SM), impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, and related misconceptions among the Pakistani population.Methodology:Cross-sectional study conducted during the peak of COVID-19 in Pakistan between May and June, 2020 comprised of 2307 Pakistani male and female participants. Subjects under 18 years of age and nationality other than Pakistani were excluded. An online questionnaire was administered via the Internet using various kinds of social media.Results:The study was comprised of 2307 male and female participants; 2074 (89.90%) used SM for seeking COVID-19 information, 450 (20%) used both Facebook (FB) and WhatsApp (WA), and 267 (11.6%) used FB, WA, Twitter, and Instagram. Respondents’ perceptions showed that: 529 (23%) believed in SM information and 1564 (67.8%) stated that COVID-19 affected their social and mental wellbeing. Respondents’ knowledge revealed that: 1509 (65.40%) had poor knowledge (≤ 50% score), and 798 (34.6%) had good knowledge (> 50% score) (P< 0.001) about COVID-19. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher-earning positively correlated, while private jobs were negatively associated, with good knowledge.Conclusion:FB and WA were the 2 common social media used by study participants (a third had good knowledge). COVID-19 affected the social, mental, and psychological well-being of individuals. Good knowledge was greater in individuals with higher earning and less with private job involvements.
Glass hearts?! Successful visible ethnic minority women migrants at work in Iceland and New Zealand
Authors: Pio Edwina , Kristjánsdóttir Erla S. , Christiansen Thora H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the diversity arena, women and their heterogeneity as visible ethnic minority migrants at work are under researched. Our qualitative empirical research reveals, and compares, how visible ethnic women migrants (VEWM) experience their journey to professional success in Iceland and New Zealand. These island nations rank in the top six of the Global Gender Gap Index, have women Prime Ministers, and increasing demographic diversity. The findings reveal that for VEWM success is a continuous journey with many different challenges. VEWM reject the notion of success as accumulation of things or titles, emphasizing insteadhowsuccess is experienced. For VEWM in Iceland, success means independent hard work and aligning with other women. VEWM in New Zealand experience success through religion and giving back to the community. These differences are explored and theorized, contributing to an expanding literature of migrant complexities, beyond monolithic representations of gender at work.
When workplace family-support is misallocated: effects of value congruence and fairness perceptions on supervisor family-support
Authors: Sublett Lisa W. , Penney Lisa M. , Bok Cody 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo better manage our work demands and family demands, we often erect mental or physical ‘boundaries’ to help manage our experiences. However, preferences for preserving these boundaries differ across individuals (e.g., some individuals may prefer to segment work/family roles, while others may prefer to integrate these roles) and employees may not always have similar preferences/values as their supervisors. Applying a resource framework from the job demands-resources model (JD-R; Bakker & Demerouti, 2007), we explicate the process through which supervisor–employee value congruence reduces work–family conflict, when supervisors provide valuable emotional and instrumental resources through family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Furthermore, we find evidence that supervisors can demonstrate adequate FSSB even when having incongruent values with employees by fairly allocating and individually tailoring family-support. With a diverse sample of 815 staff members from four southern US universities, we conduct mediation and moderation analyses to test our hypotheses.
Rallies around the flag-draped coffins: the electoral effects of security force casualties in terror attacks
Authors: Umit Resul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecurity forces are one of the main targets of political violence. This paper examines the effect of their casualties on electoral outcomes. Between two general elections in 2015, Turkey experienced a series of attacks that killed 153 members of its security forces. Based on the as-if random assignment of their funerals across the country, I estimate that government vote share increases in the funeral places of security force terror victims. However, in the localities with recurring funerals, it decreases by a similar percentage. These non-linear changes provide strong evidence for the rally theory.
CUBES IN FINITE FIELDS AND RELATED PERMUTATIONS
Authors: WU HAI-LIANG , SHE YUE-FENG 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet
$p=3n+1$
be a prime with
$n\in \mathbb {N}=\{0,1,2,\ldots \}$
and let
$g\in \mathbb {Z}$
be a primitive root modulo p. Let
$0<a_1<\cdots <a_n<p$
be all the cubic residues modulo p in the interval
$(0,p)$
. Then clearly the sequence
$a_1 \bmod p,\, a_2 \bmod p,\ldots , a_n \bmod p$
is a permutation of the sequence
$g^3 \bmod p,\,g^6 \bmod p,\ldots , g^{3n} \bmod p$
. We determine the sign of this permutation.
Beyond ‘crumple zones’: recent advances, applications and future directions in deformable plate tectonic modelling
Authors: Peace Alexander L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent proliferation of deformable plate tectonic modelling techniques has provided a new direction in the study of plate tectonics with substantial implications for our understanding of plate deformation and past kinematics. Such models account for intraplate deformation, yet are highly variable in their inputs, capabilities and applications. The aim of this commentary is to review recent contributions to this topic, and to consider future directions and major omissions. Through this review it is apparent that the current published deformable models can be subdivided into those that as an input either: (1) solely use plate motions to drive deformation, or (2) require stretching or beta factor. Deformable models are resolving some outstanding issues with plate reconstructions, but major simplifications and modelling assumptions remain. Primarily, obtaining model constraints on the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation is an outstanding problem. Deformable plate models likely work best when the kinematics of smaller plates are included. However, questions remain regarding how to define such blocks, and their kinematic histories, whilst some work suggests that inclusion of such entities is negated through quantitative restorations.
iCROPM 2020: Crop Modeling for the Future
Authors: Hoogenboom Gerrit , Justes Eric , Pradal Christophe , Launay Marie , Asseng Senthold , Ewert Frank , Martre Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the past decade, the interest in using crop models for research, education, extension, outreach and in the private sector has rapidly increased. The iCROPM 2020 Symposium entitled ‘Crop Modeling for the Future’, held in February 2020, therefore, provided a great opportunity for over 400 scientists from 50 different countries to exchange information on crop model development, evaluation with experimental data and implementation. A key outcome was the understanding that crop models simulate the dynamics of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Thus, the models can be used for a quantitative and multi-criteria assessment of cropping system functioning, agronomic performance and environmental impact. This should result in more practical applications that can provide actionable information for stakeholders.
Earth's Amphibious Transformation: Tange Kenzo, Buckminster Fuller, and marine urbanization in global environmental thought (1950s–present)
Authors: Huebner Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change and rising sea levels, which threaten many Asian and other coastal cities, have returned the question of adaptation to unstable marine surfaces to the global discussions about urbanization, as was illustrated by a recent United Nations (UN) roundtable. As de facto counterproposals to hydroelectric dams and similar regional development projects, floating or elevated structures reject land reclamation and terrestrialization processes. Consequently, the rapidly growing number of offshore structures, which often constitute unconventional settlements, have contributed to an amphibious transformation of Earth's surface in the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This amphibious transformation meant that both terrestrial and aquatic places have turned into human habitats. This article asks how and why today's leading environmental-political strand in large-scale marine urbanization emerged from the waters of Tokyo Bay. It investigates Japanese star architect Tange Kenzō's ‘Plan for Tokyo 1960’ (1961) and world-renowned American designer R. Buckminster Fuller's floating design called ‘Tetrahedronal City’ (1966). Emphasizing the important role that Asian cities have played in shaping global urbanization ideas and practices, Tokyo Bay became a node in the global cybernetics revolution that moved urban design into the information age. Tange's and Fuller's evolution-inspired cybernetic designs used the post-war communication technology revolution to replicate, through artificial communication networks, the biological communication systems that enable organisms to interact with their environments. Applying communication technology to recreate, in floating or elevated structures, the biological processes of growth, adaptation, mobility, and autonomy became the central environmental-political strand for large-scale marine urbanization and reducing its ecological footprint.
The messenger matters: environmental nonprofit organisations’ public faces, information recipients’ worldviews, and the credibility of ENPOs’ disclosed policy information
Authors: Liu Li-Yin , Morris Rikki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental nonprofit organisations (ENPOs) have become crucial policy actors who have undertaken information campaigns to attract public attention and to gain public support for policies. However, the credibility of policy information released by ENPOs is understudied. To fill the gap, this study utilised Douglas and Wildavsky’s cultural theory (CT), to seek answers to two questions: 1) how do ENPOs’ public faces affect public perception of the credibility of the policy information released by their organisations? 2) how do the public’s worldviews affect trust in information released by ENPOs with different types of public faces? The evidence from an online survey confirms what CT predicted: Hierarchs tend to believe information released by policy actors with proper authority; individualists tend to believe information released by policy actors who favour economic growth over environmental protection; egalitarians favour all pro-environmental policy information even if the information is released by noncredible policy actors.
An Observational, Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Medical Cannabis Patients over the Course of 12 Months of Treatment: Preliminary Results
Authors: Sagar Kelly A. , Dahlgren M. Kathryn , Lambros Ashley M. , Smith Rosemary T. , El-Abboud Celine , Gruber Staci A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Cannabis use has increased dramatically across the country; however, few studies have assessed the long-term impact of medical cannabis (MC) use on cognition. Studies examining recreational cannabis users generally report cognitive decrements, particularly in those with adolescent onset. As MC patients differ from recreational consumers in motives for use, product selection, and age of onset, we assessed cognitive and clinical measures in well-characterized MC patients over 1 year. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized MC patients would not show decrements and might instead demonstrate improvements in executive function over time.Method:As part of an ongoing study, MC patients completed a baseline visit prior to initiating MC and evaluations following 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. At each visit, patients completed a neurocognitive battery assessing executive function, verbal learning/memory, and clinical scales assessing mood, anxiety, and sleep. Exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) was also quantified.Results:Relative to baseline, MC patients demonstrated significant improvements on measures of executive function and clinical state over the course of 12 months; verbal learning/memory performance generally remained stable. Improved cognitive performance was not correlated with MC use; however, clinical improvement was associated with higher CBD use. Analyses suggest cognitive improvements were associated with clinical improvement.Conclusions:Study results extend previous pilot findings, indicating that MC patients may exhibit enhanced rather than impaired executive function over time. Future studies should examine distinctions between recreational and MC use to identify potential mechanisms related to cognitive changes and the role of clinical improvement.