bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple bilateral supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic female patient - A case report with a comprehensive review
Authors: Rakhi Issrani  , Amal Alrayes  , Arunpriya Srinivasan  , Namdeo Prabhu  , Zafar Ali Khan  , Mahmoud Gamal Salloum  , Naseer Ahmed  
Published: March 2021

Supernumerary tooth (ST) are the developmental disorders that could be found in either of the dental arches. Whereas the single ST is quite a common entity, multiple ST are rare, especially when they are not related to any syndromes or disorders. The experience of observing one such case is reported in light of a review of the literature on this condition. This report describes a case of a non-syndromic 22-year-old female who presented with multiple erupted and impacted ST in the mandibular premolar region. The patient was educated about the complications and consequences associated with ST and was advised for extraction of erupted supernumerary premolars and observation of the impacted ones but the patient denied any treating as ST were not causing any immediate problem. Radiographic assessment plays a pivotal part in early diagnosis and intervention as it aids in avoiding complications associated with ST, especially in non-syndromic cases or when they are asymptomatic. Patients should be counselled regarding the same with proper explanations of all the treatment options.
Detection of biofilm formation and correlation with antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Anitha M  , Jagatheeswary P A T  , Sumathi G  , Kamini B  
Published: March 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of hospital acquired infections worldwide and is associated with resistance to routinely used antibiotics. Many clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii are found to be biofilm producers. Hence there is difficulty in treating patients with Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). This present study aimed to study antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii isolates and to evaluate the biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii by Tube Method (TM) and Microtiter Plate Method(MTPM).In this study, 73 A. baumannii isolates of various clinical specimens were evaluated. Confirmation was done through conventional methods. Testing for antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was studied by TM and MTPM. Of the 73 isolates, 26(36%) were from urine, 19 (26%) from pus, 17 (23%) from sputum and 11 (15%) from other miscellaneous(body fluids excluding blood), out of which 81%(59/73) isolates were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). 63% and 84% of isolates showed biofilm production in TM and MTPM, respectively. When comparing these two methods, MTPM assay was better than TM. Presence of a strong relationship between biofilm formation and MDRAB has been confirmed by the present study. Both methods used for detection of biofilm formation were found to be statistically significant. Sensitivity of MTPM was more than TM, which is supported by higher Positive Predictive Value of 87.5%. Therefore MTPM is a better method than TM and can be used as a screening method to detect biofilm production.
Deciphering the Global Private Financial Flows
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat  , Muhammad Aamir  , Imad-ud-Din Akbar  , Majid Ali  
Published: March 2021

Cross border and inter country financial recourse is like a civilization hold. It is fundamentally important phenomenon to study. Purpose of this study is to investigate inter country global private financial flows in context of current financial regimes. Design of the study is quantitative based on a secondary data taken from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. A literature review of relevant studies extracted from renowned research databases is also integral part of the overall design of the study. For the purpose of analysis and investigation the study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). GRA is a mathematical technique capable of handling a multitude of alternatives with plenty of criteria simultaneously. It is a ranking technique that generates the reference series, normalizes the data and compares the weighted average grey coefficients with reference series. GRA is a popular methodology espoused in grey systems theory. It is the study of eighty-three countries on the basis of five different criteria. The countries have been ranked according to Grey relational grades by using rank function of excel and are divided into seven different categories on the basis of intensity of financial flows. The categories have been made on the basis of ordinal scale e.g. exceptionally high level of private global financial flows, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. Results show that China, Niger, Brazil, Mozambique, Mongolia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Cambodia, Grenada, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and Maldives have exceptionally high private financial flows, whereas, countries namely Lesotho, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Botswana, Guatemala, Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bhutan, Angola and Russian Federation have poor financial flows. Majorly, Arabian Countries (AC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) countries fall under exceptionally high ensign, whereas, member countries of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall under very poor ensign. This study is useful for political governments, international agencies, researchers and academia (students and teachers of international finance). It also provides new information and deeper insights by way of assigning grey relational grades to countries and classifies them into seven groups. It also extends discussion to enlighten upon bloc level position.
Indicadores Hídricos do Núcleo de Desertificação da Microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba (Water Indicators of Desertification Nucleus in the Seridó Microregion of Paraíba State)
Authors: Almeida Hermes Alves de , Aguiar Danilo Barbosa , Silva José Nivaldo , Damaseceno João 
Published: March 2021

As condições áridas ou semiáridas são sempre associadas com a susceptibilidade ao processo de degradação de terras. Assim sendo, houve a necessidade de se estabelecer indicadores hídricos das localidades de Santa Luzia, São José do Sabugi e Várzea, pertencentes ao núcleo de desertificação da microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba, utilizando-se índices de seca meteorológica e do balanço hídrico climatológico, sendo essas determinações os objetivos principais deste trabalho. As séries pluviais dos referidos locais foram agrupadas e analisadas usando-se critérios da estatística climatológica, sendo estabelecido o regime pluvial, o índice de anomalia de chuva (IAC), o balanço hídrico climatológico e os índices de aridez, hídrico e de umidade efetiva. Os principais resultados mostraram que o regime pluvial do referido núcleo de desertificação é extremamente irregular, assimétrico e a curta estação chuvosa, perdura por cerca de três meses (fevereiro a abril), e chove o equivalente a 65 % do total anual. O IAC mostrou ser um bom indicador da variabilidade do regime pluvial, além de detectar períodos secos ou chuvosos e estabelecer as categorias de seca meteorológica. O predomínio significativo da deficiência hídrica, em quase todos os meses do ano, contribui para a susceptibilidade ao processo de degradação ambiental na microrregião do Seridó Ocidental da Paraíba. ABSTRACT Arid or semi-arid conditions are always associated with susceptibility to land degradation process. Therefore, it was necessary to establish indicators of water localities of Santa Luzia, São José do Sabugi and Várzea, belonging to the nucleus of desertification of micro region western of the Paraíba, using indices of dry weather and water balance these determinations are the main objectives of this work. The rainfall series from such locations were contained and analyzed being used criteria of the climatologically statistics, rainfall patterns being established, the rainfall anomaly index (IAC), the water balance and the index of aridity, water and effective moisture. The principal results showed that rainfall regime of the referred nucleus desertification is extremely irregular, asymmetric and short rainy season lasts for about three months (February-April), and it rains the equivalent of 65% of the annual. The IAC has proved to be a good indicator of the variability of rainfall patterns and to detect dry or rainy periods and establish categories of dry weather. The significant prevalence of water deficit in almost every month of the year, contributes to susceptibility to environmental degradation in the micro region of Western Seridó of Paraíba. Key-words: climate, environmental degradation, droughts indexes, aridity
Prognóstico de Radiação Solar Através Modelos que Combinam as Técnicas Wavelet e Redes Neurais (Forecast of Solar Radiation Through Models that Combine the Wavelet and Neural Networks Techniques)
Authors: Saraiva Samuel Vitor , Amorim Ricardo Ferreira , Carvalho Frede Oliveira , Domingues Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

O prognostico de variáveis meteorológicas, como radiação solar, sempre foi de grande importância para a tomada de decisão em ocasião de ocorrências de eventos incomuns. Nesse contexto é justificável a busca por modelos matemáticos e estatísticos que produzam melhores prognósticos para tais variáveis. Desta forma investiga-se a estratégia de conjunção que se compõe de duas técnicas muito utilizadas no tratamento de série temporal; a transformada Wavelet que mostra analiticamente o sinal no domínio do tempo e da frequência; e as RNA’s a quais são modelos de inteligência artificial. A combinação dessas duas técnicas, o que se denomina modelo híbrido, tem se mostrado eficaz no prognóstico de variáveis meteorológicas. Os dados diários de radiação solar são do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná/PR coletados no período de 1990 até 1995. Neste trabalho são estudadas conjunções de modelos híbridos com Redes Neurais e técnicas Wavelets, apresentando o resumo de alguns dos modelos sintetizados na literatura, para o prognóstico de radiação solar. Tais modelos híbridos estudados se mostraram satisfatórios no prognóstico dessa variável, pois apresentaram um melhor desempenho em relação aos modelos que não são híbridos, sendo o modelo que se mostrou mais eficiente no prognóstico foi o que utiliza as sub-séries da decomposição como entrada da Rede Neural, pois apresenta regressão com valores significativos (R próximo a 1). A B S T R A C T The prognosis of meteorological variables such as solar radiation has always been of great importance for decision making in time of occurrence of unusual events. In this context it is justifiable to search for mathematical and statistical models that produce better prognosis for these variables. Thus investigates the combination strategy which uses two techniques widely used in the treatment time series; Wavelet transform analytically shows that the signal in the time domain and frequency; and the RNA's which models of artificial intelligence. The combination of these two techniques, which is called the hybrid models, has proven effective in predicting meteorological variables. Daily data of solar radiation are the Agronomic Institute of Parana / PR collected from 1990 to 1995. In this work conjunctions of hybrid models with neural networks and wavelets techniques are studied, presenting a summary of some of the synthesized models in the literature for the prediction of solar radiation. Such hybrid models studied were satisfactory prognosis with this variable because it showed better performance compared to models that are not hybrids in the model that is more efficient prognosis was that uses the sub-series decomposition as input the Network neural, it presents significant regression values (R close to 1). Keywords: Wavelet, Neural Network, Forecast.
Identificação e Análise de Secas Severas e Extremas no Município de Taperoá-PB (Identification and Analysis of Severe and Extreme Dry in the Municipality of Taperoá-PB)
Authors: Farias André Aires de , Souza José Thyago , Sousa Francisco Asis 
Published: March 2021

A seca é um fenômeno que ocorre naturalmente quando a precipitação fica abaixo dos níveis normais registrados, isso provoca um sério desequilíbrio hídrico que afeta negativamente o meio urbano e rural. Para analisar uma seca, índices podem ser utilizados. Diante disso, objetivou-se utilizar o Índice Padronizado de Precipitação para identificar e analisar as secas severas e extremas no município de Taperoá-PB. Foram utilizados dados de totais mensais precipitados para o período de 1963-2013 do município de Taperoá-PB. A avaliação do grau de severidade dos períodos secos foi realizada através do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação (SPI), nas escalas temporais de 03, 06, 09, 12 e 24 meses. Devido os maiores impactos serem em função de secas severas e extremas, optou-se por analisar apenas os SPIs que representem essas categorias. Para calcular o SPI foi utilizado o Módulo de identificação Regional de Seca (REDIM). Os SPIs detectaram, segundo a intensidade média, secas severas e extremas no município, embora não esteja no artigo, à categoria de seca moderada aconteceu com maior frequência. Verificou-se que o maior número de secas severas e extremas aconteceu durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, com a maioria delas acontecendo na de 1990. A B S T R A C T Drought is a phenomenon that occurs naturally when rainfall is below normal recorded levels, it causes a serious hydrological imbalances that adversely affect the urban and rural environments. To analyze a drought indices can be used. Therefore, we aimed to use the Standardized Precipitation Index to identify and analyze the severe and extreme in the municipality of Taperoá PB-dried. Data from precipitates monthly totals for the period 1963-2013 the municipality of Taperoá-PB. The assessment of the severity of dry periods was performed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the timescales of 03, 06, 09, 12 and 24 months. Because the greatest impacts are due to severe and extreme droughts, we chose to analyze only the SPIs that represent these categories. To calculate the SPI Module identification Regional Drought (REDIM) was used. SPIs detected, averaged, severe droughts and extreme intensity in the county, although not in the article, the category of moderate drought happened more often. It was found that the most severe and extreme droughts occurred during the 1980s and 1990s, with most of them happening in 1990.
Sazonalidade da Vegetação em Função do Regime Pluviométrico no Estado da Paraíba (Sazonality of the Vegetation as a Function of the Rainfall Regime in the Paraíba State)
Authors: Souza Leandro Fontes , Braga Célia Campos , Santos Elder Guedes , Ribeiro Roberta Evellyn , Ávila Pâmela Ribeiro 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a variabilidade média do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (IVDN) e compreender sua relação com o regime pluviométrico do estado da Paraíba durante o período de 2007 a 2009. Foram utilizados totais mensais de precipitação de 30 estações pluviométricas distribuídas no Estado, num total de cinco municípios em cada região homogênea de precipitação. Utilizaram-se composições mensais do IVDN obtidas a partir do sensor MODIS/Aqua para o mesmo período. A seguir, utilizou-se a técnica estatística dos mínimos quadrados para encontrar uma equação que melhor se ajustasse aos dados. Constatou-se que as regiões de menor variabilidade do IVDN apresentaram as melhores correlações (r) polinomiais do segundo grau entre o IVDN e a chuva para um nível de significância α = 0,01. Em todas as regiões as correlações foram superiores a 0,79. O menor erro padrão percentual da estimativa foi obtido na Zona da Mata e Litoral (8,79%) onde as chuvas são mais regulares com menor variabilidade do índice de vegetação. Nas demais regiões o erro percentual padrão da estimativa (EPPE) oscilou de 10,14 a 16,78%. O modelo polinomial de segundo grau foi utilizado para estimar o IVDN usando dados de precipitação do ano de 2005, o EPPE oscilou de 12,89 a 26,11% evidenciando que o modelo representa bem o comportamento do IVDN em função das chuvas. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the variability of the Normalized Deferential Vegetation Index mean (NDVI) and its relationship between to precipitation and NDVI index at Paraíba state during 2007-2009. The precipitation data are from 30 rain gauges spacially distributed at Paraíba region in a total of five county by homogeneous region, whereas the NDVI were inferred using the sensor MODIS on board the Aqua satellite. Was applied the method of least squares to find the relationship that best represents the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall. Was found that regions with low variability of NDVI showed the best correlation (r) second degree polynomial between NDVI and rainfall for a significance level α=0.01. The analysis between precipitation and NDVI have a high correlation (r >0.79) for all regions evaluated. The lowest Standard Error Percentage of the Estimate was obtained at Coastal region (8.79%) where rains are more regular with less variability in the vegetation index. In the remaining areas of estimate (EPPE) percentage error ranged from 10.14 to 16.78%. The second degree polynomial model was used to estimate NDVI using rainfall data of 2005 and the EPPE ranged from 12.89 to 26.11% showing that the model represents well the behavior of NDVI depending on rainfall.
Análise de Parâmetros Ambientais no Núcleo de Desertificação de Irauçuba-CE Usando Imagens de Satélite (Analysis of Environmental Parameters in the Core of Desertification Irauçuba-CE Using Satellite Images)
Authors: Santos Élder Guedes dos , Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Bezerra Bergson Guedes , Nascimento Francisco das Chagas Araújo do 
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de desertificação na região do município de Irauçuba, no noroeste do estado do Ceará, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, na perspectiva de verificar se há relação dos parâmetros ambientais (albedo da superfície, NDVI, temperatura da superfície, balanço de radiação e energia, assim como, fração não evaporativa) e a distribuição temporal da precipitação com o processo de desertificação apresentado na região estudada. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite TM – Landsat 5 das datas 20 de julho de 1985, 21 de julho de 1991 e 14 de julho de 2006 e aplicados os algoritmos SEBAL e S-SEBI para obtenção dos parâmetros ambientais analisados. Foi diagnosticada retirada da cobertura da vegetação nativa, que pode indicar áreas em processo de desertificação e/ou degradação ambiental. Similarmente, foi observada redução do saldo de radiação à superfície, aumento no fluxo de calor no solo, diminuição da energia utilizada para evaporação e aumento da energia utilizada para aquecimento do solo e do ar, ocasionando o aumento da temperatura, além de um aumento sistemático do déficit de umidade no solo da região estudada. A B S T R A C T This study aims to analyze the process of desertification in the municipality of Irauçuba in northwestern state of Ceará, through remote sensing techniques with a view to ascertain whether there is a relationship of environmental parameters (surface albedo, NDVI, surface temperature, radiation balance and energy, as well as non-evaporative fraction) and the temporal distribution of precipitation with the desertification process presented in the studied region. Landsat 5-TM satellite images of July 20, 1985, July 21, 1991 and July 14, 2006 and SEBAL and S-SEBI algorithm for obtaining the environmental parameters analyzed were used. Cover removal of native vegetation that may indicate areas of desertification and/or environmental degradation process was diagnosed. Similarly, reducing the surface net radiation, increased soil heat flux, decreased energy used for evaporation and increases the energy used to heat the soil and air, causing the temperature increase was observed, and a systematic increase of the soil moisture deficit in the study area. Key-Words: precipitation, semiarid, environmental degradation, Landsat.
ANÁLISE DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO HUMANO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAPIRACA – ALAGOAS, UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE MATLAB (ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT THE CITY OF ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS USING SOFTWARE MATLAB)
Authors: Santos Juliete Baraúna dos 
Published: March 2021

Foram obtidas medidas das variáveis meteorológicas temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento através da estação automática instalada em Arapiraca com a finalidade de monitorar as condições de tempo no município em diferentes períodos (época chuvosa e seca). Sendo utilizado o índice de desconforto (ID), o índice de desconforto de Kawamura (IDK), índice da temperatura efetiva (TE) e o índice de temperatura efetiva em função do vento (TEV). Os valores mais elevados dos índices que foram registrados para o período chuvoso, foram do índice id com aproximadamente 2,5 °C acima dos valores observados da temperatura do ar (em média 26,5 °C), caracterizando crescente desconforto para os indivíduos locais. Para o período seco não houve registros de grandes variações entre os respectivos índices. E assim como no período chuvoso, os valores mais elevados no período seco foram do índice id, indicando nesse período também forte desconforto. Os valores obtidos estiveram condizentes com a literatura, sendo a sensação térmica mais preponderante durante o inverno. E, de acordo com as variações, em todo período de estudo (05 de maio de 2008 a 05 de maio de 2011) a população foi submetida aos alertas de atenção e muito cuidado, situação esta que pôde provocar fadiga ou cãibras, esgotamento e insolação nos casos de exposição prolongada e atividade física. A B S T R A C T Measurements of meteorological variables air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed by automatic station installed in Arapiraca in order to monitor the weather conditions in the city in different periods (dry and rainy season) were obtained. Being used the discomfort index (ID), the discomfort index of Kawamura (IDK), index of effective temperature (TE) and the index of effective temperature as a function of wind (TEv). Higher index values ​​that were recorded for the rainy season, the index id were approximately 2.5 ° C above the observed values ​​of air temperature (average 26.5 ° C), indicating increasing discomfort for local individuals . For the dry period there were no reports of large variations between the respective indices. And just as the rainy season, the highest values ​​in the dry season were the index id, indicating that period also strong discomfort. The values ​​obtained were consistent with the literature, the most predominant wind chill during the winter. And, according to the variations in the study period (May 5, 2008 to 05 maio 2011) the population was subjected to warnings of attention and care, a situation that could cause fatigue or cramps, exhaustion and heat stroke in cases of prolonged exposure and physical activity. Key-Words: Urban climate. Thermal comfort Human. Bioclimatic