bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities on Pancreatic Cancer Mortality Trends and Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil
Authors: Silva Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e , Oliveira Max Moura , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Curado Maria Paula 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer mortality is greatest in countries with a high and very high Human Development Index (HDI). The aim was to evaluate the pancreatic cancer mortality rates and trends related to HDI in Brazil by state. An ecological study was conducted on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazilian states between 1979 and 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson´s correlation test was applied to compare rates over the 3 decades from 1986-2015 to verify correlation between change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil from 1979 to 2019. In men, ASMRs ranged from 2.9/100,000 in 1979 to 6.1/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.5% per year, and in women, ASMR ranged from 2.1/100,000 in 1979 to 4.7/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.9% per year. Mortality rates and trends increase with higher % of HDI improvement with a correlation between ASMRs and HDI above r>0.80. The mortality trends in pancreatic cancer were uneven increase in Brazil, there was an upward trend in mortality in both genders, but higher among women. Pancreatic cancer mortality trends were higher in those states where there was greatest increase in HDI, regions as North and Northeast. However, mortality rates remain higher in South, Southeast and Central-West of Brazil.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) Investigation of The Oxidative Degradation of NaAsO2 Via Hydroxyl Radical
Authors: Koval Ashlyn M , McAlexander Harley , Woodley Christa M. , Shukla Manoj K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Arsenic is an environmentally ubiquitous health hazard due to its toxicity combined with its natural abundance and heavy industrial applications. Due to its role in cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and various cancers, it is important to understand environmental fate of arsenic-containing compounds to take steps towards remediation. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is one such compound that has been used worldwide as an herbicide, rodenticide, and insecticide. It is also toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. In aqueous environments arsenite (As(III))-containing compounds can be oxidized to the less-toxic arsenate (As(V)) form. We have investigated the oxidation of sodium arsenite in water solution at the density functional theory level using the Minnesota 06 hybrid (M06-2X) functional and Pople basis sets (6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p)) with polarizable continuum model (PCM) solvation approach. Our computational results indicate that the oxidation mechanism of NaAsO2 by hydroxyl radical proceeds via sequential addition reactions where sodium arsenite (III) converts to sodium arsenate (V) via an arsenic (IV) intermediate.
The role of 3D digital applications in Manual Therapy Education – A scoping review
Authors: Sampath Kesava Kovanur , Arumugam Ashokan , Jull Gwendolen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, teaching methods for developing complex physical assessment and palpation skills in manual therapy is challenging for both learners and educators. 3D digital technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality may facilitate and/or address these challenges. However, their current usage and/or role in improving learning outcomes in manual therapy education is still largely unknown. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched from Jan 2005 to April 2021: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers reviewed the articles retrieved from the databases to assess for eligibility. Studies of any methodology (quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods) that investigated the use or application of the 3D digital applications were included in the review. Primary outcomes included any outcome related to learning based on the updated Blooms taxonomy. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise data from the included studies.Results: A total of 4 articles were included in the final review. The main findings were classified into the following key concepts: (1) perception of tissue stiffness, (2) improved student self-efficacy in performing MT techniques, and (3) barriers and facilitators for utilizing 3D technologies. All included outcomes met understanding, applying, analysing and evaluating levels of Blooms taxonomy; however, no outcomes met the ‘creating’ level of Bloom’s taxonomy.Discussion: Our review found that there are no AR, VR or mixed applications that specifically serve the needs of MT education in relation to joint motion assessment, but applications are available that can be readily used or potentially adapted to train skills of tissue palpation. . Therefore, future studies are required to investigate the sophisticated requirements to teach/learn complex manual techniques for which palpation skills may be mandatory.
Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Cellular Immune Function and Postoperative Complications in Patients with NSCLC Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Zhu Haijing , Pei Shenglin , Ge Menghua , Lan Hongmeng , Fu Manyu , Pan Linghui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective

We explore the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the immunity and postoperative complications of patients undergoing thoracoscopic NSCLC radical surgery.
Methods

61 patients were selected. They were divided into two groups. Patients take the same drugs for induction of anesthesia. Propofol was used for maintenance of anesthesia in Group P. Sevoflurane was used for another group. Hemodynamics and related anesthesia doses and laboratory data were recorded during the perioperative period. Immune Functio,, postoperative complication rate were evaluated in two groups.
Results

Comparisons of MAP and HR under anesthesia in patients, Group P were more smoothly than Group S at OLV 1h and TLV 30min. The recovery time and extubation time were significantly longer in the Group S than Group P. NEU: Group P were significantly lower at T3. LYM : Group P were significantly higher at T1 and T2. CD8+ : Group P were significantly higher at T1, T2 and T3. NK cells were significantly higher in Group P at T3. CD4+/CD8+: Group P were significantly lower at T2 and T3. The incidence of pleural effusion: Group P were significantly higher at T3. The postoperative hospital stays were significantly shorter in the Group S.
Conclusions

Propofol anesthesia has more stable hemodynamics and better resuscitation effect. The immune system of patients in the perioperative period was suppressed to varying degrees after surgery, and the propofol group was less severe than the sevoflurane group. Houever, the postoperative hospital stay depends more on whether postoperative complications occur.
Knowledge and Attitude of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and associated Factors Among Adolescent School Girls in Ambo Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Beyen Mulugeta W/mariam , Bulto Gizachew Abdisa , Chaka Eshetu Ejeta , Roga Ephrem Yohannes , Debelo Bikila Terefa , Erena Maru Mosisa , Tefu Tefera Likasa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Large-scale HPV vaccination offers a revolutionary new tool, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where 86% of cervical cancer cases and 88% of related deaths occur. There is little research done on knowledge and attitudes towards HPV vaccine in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study attempts to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination and related factors among adolescent girls in Ambo town, Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2021.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted from May 01 to 30, 2021, at selected schools of Ambo town among 422 adolescent Girls. The collected data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi-Info 7.2.3 and exported to Statistical package for social science version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to compute summary statistics and proportion. Variables at a cut off value (0.25) on bivariate and (0.05) on multivariate logistic-regression were used to identify predictors that were associated to knowledge and attitude of HPV vaccine among Adolescent Girls
Result
Current study revealed that 24.9% (103) and 55.6% (230) of respondents had good knowledge and favorable attitude respectively. The factors like educational level (AOR=2.011 95% CI; (1.239, 3.265)), having health workers as a source of information (AOR=2.132, 95%CI; (1.304, 3.486)), and respondents who have heard about HPV vaccine at school (AOR=1.66, 95% CI (1.02, 2.71)) were significantly associated with respondent’s knowledge of HPV vaccine. Moreover, perceived severity of the diseases (AOR=2.894, 95%CI; (1.607, 5.21)), and perceived benefit of the vaccine (AOR=4.263 95% CI; (2.431, 7.475)) were the two factors significantly associated with attitude of the respondents about HPV vaccine.
Conclusion
There was poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude of HPV vaccination among the school Adolescents of the study area. Several seemingly major deterrents of knowledge and attitude of the HPV vaccination were identified. Therefore, awareness creation and behavioral change education is mandatory.
Monitoring of Radioactive Cesium in Wild Boars Captured Inside the Difficult-To-Return Zone in Fukushima Prefecture Over a Five-Year Period
Authors: SAITO Rie , KUMADA Reiko , INAMI Kenji , KANDA Kousuke , KABEYA Masahiko , NEMOTO Yui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, tissue samples from wild boar (Sus scrofa) outside the evacuation zone (difficult-to-return zone, DRZ) tended to show high concentrations of cesium-137 (137Cs). Understanding the 137Cs dynamics of wild boar populations inside the DRZ is necessary because they affect 137Cs dynamics and wild boar management in areas outside the DRZ. Since few detailed, long-term studies have been conducted inside the DRZ, we measured 137Cs concentrations in 221 wild boar muscle samples obtained from wild boar caught inside the DRZ and surrounding areas over a five-year period. Our results showed that the 137Cs concentration in wild boar from inside the DRZ were higher than those in wild boar outside this zone. No significant difference was observed between muscle and soil 137Cs levels, but significant correlations were observed between muscle 137Cs concentrations and body length and body weight in the low-concentration season, but not between all seasons and the high-concentration seasons. It is considered that the size effects observed during the low-concentration season may be due to factors related to metabolism and changes in food habit. This is the first long-term survey of 137Cs in wild boar inside the DRZ.
First Detection of Lake Sinai Virus in the Czech Republic: Possibility of Novel LSV Species
Authors: Čukanová Eliška , Moutelíková Romana , Prodělalová Jana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lake Sinai virus (LSV) is one of more than twenty honeybee viruses. There are officially two species: LSV 1 and LSV 2. However, there is currently a limited number of whole-genome sequences and the genetic variability of the virus indicates more than two species exist. Extracted nucleic acid of honeybee samples were screened by PCR for presence of the selected honeybee viruses. LSV was the third most abundant virus (36.9% of positive samples) after Apis mellifera filamentous virus (72.2%) and Deformed wing virus (52.5%). LSV-positive samples underwent additional PCR reaction with primers targeting region coding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus. The PCR products were sequenced and the acquired sequences used for first phylogenetic analysis. Based on the results, several of the isolates were selected to undergo whole-genome sequencing and the sequences obtained were used for additional phylogenetic analyses and construction of dendrograms. The results indicate presence of at least three genetically distinct groups of LSV in the Czech Republic, the major one being related to LSV 2, but too distinct to be considered LSV 2 species. Two sequences of major Czech LSV cluster of strains were successfully acquired, thus being the first Czech LSV strains published to date.
Arginine Regulates Zygotic Genome Activation in Porcine Embryos through Promoting Polyamine Synthesis☆
Authors: Zhang Tianrui , Zheng Yingying , Kuang Tianya , Yang Lianyu , Jiang Hailong , Wang Heming , Zhao Yicheng , Han Rui , Che Dongsheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:Arginine has a positive effect on preimplantation development in pigs. However, the exact mechanism by which arginine promotes embryonic development to the blastocyst stage is not undefined. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing technology was applied to porcine in vivo pre-implantation embryos from zygote to morula to determine transcription patterns of arginine metabolism-related genes during preimplantation embryonic development.Results:Transcriptome sequencing showed that arginine metabolism-related genes clearly changed from the 2-cell stage to the 4-cell stage, where zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurred in porcine embryos. Further analysis of the correlation between arginine metabolism and ZGA shows that arginine metabolism-related genes are significantly correlated with key ZGA genes such as ZSCAN4, DPPA2 and EIF1A, indicating that arginine metabolism may be an indicator of porcine ZGA. To explore the correlation between arginine metabolism and ZGA, embryos cultured in the medium that removes all the amino acids, proteins and pyruvate in the PZM3 medium were employed to generate the ZGA blocked embryo model. The 4-cell arrest rate significantly increased at 72 h after activation, indicating impeded embryonic development. Meanwhile, results of immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of SIRT1 protein during ZGA was significantly inhibited. Results of quantitative PCR showed that the expression of zygotic genes (ZSCAN4, DPPA2 and EIF1A) was significantly decreased. The above results indicate that the ZGA blocked embryo model was successfully established. Adding of arginine recovered embryonic development, SIRT1 and zygotic genes expression levels and initiated the ZGA. In addition, ROS content significantly increased when ZGA was blocked, and the GSH, ATP and lipid droplet content significantly decreased. After the addition of arginine in the block group, the ROS content significantly decreased, and the GSH, ATP and lipid droplet content significantly increased. Moreover, the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and arginine were added to the block group at the same time, and the effect of arginine was found to be inhibited. Conclusions: Arginine is essential for ZGA in porcine embryos. Arginine contributes to porcine ZGA by promoting polyamine synthesis in porcine embryos.
Rutin Protects from Destruction by Interrupting the Pathways Playing a Role in the Possible Damage Mechanism of Sodium Valproate in the Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats
Authors: Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Ileriturk Mustafa , Gur Cihan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the effects of rutin (RUT), which has various biological and pharmacological properties, on liver and kidney damage caused by histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VLP), which is used in the treatment of many psychiatric disorders.Methods and Results: In the study, 50 or 100 mg/kg RUT treatment was administered 30 minutes after 500 mg/kg VLP was given to rats for 14 days. Then, some pathways that may be involved in the damage mechanism of VLP in liver and kidney tissues were investigated using biochemical, RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques. The results show that the levels of MDA induced by VLP in liver and kidney tissues decreased after RUT treatment, and the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH suppressed by VLP increased after RUT administration. It was observed that ER stress induced by oxidative stress was alleviated by suppressing the expressions of ATF-6, PERK, IRE1 and GRP78 after RUT treatment. It was observed that the expressions of NF-kB, TNF-a, IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in the inflammatory pathway increased after VLP administration, while RUT treatment decreased the levels of these markers. It is also among the data obtained that the levels of markers that play a role in the regulation of apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, kaspaz-3, pERK, pJNK) or autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B) approach the control group after RUT treatment.Conclusions: Taken together, it was determined that RUT treatment protected against liver and kidney damage by attenuating VLP-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy.
A Global Debris Flow Susceptibility Map Based on a Comparative Analysis of a Single Global Model Versus a Continent-by-continent Approach
Authors: Kurilla Laurie Jayne , Fubelli Giandomenico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Debris flows, and landslides in general, are worldwide catastrophic phenomena. As world population and urbanization grow in magnitude and geographic coverage, the need exists to extend focus, research, and modeling to a continental and global scale.Although debris flow behavior and parameters are local phenomena, sound generalizations can be applied to debris flow susceptibility analyses at larger geographic extents based on these criteria. The focus of this research is to develop a global debris flow susceptibility map by modeling at both a continental scale for all continents and by a single global model and determine whether a global model adequately represents each continent. Probability Density, Conditional Probability, Certainty Factor, Frequency Ratio, and Maximum Entropy statistical models were developed and evaluated for best model performance using fourteen environmental factors generally accepted as the most appropriate debris flow predisposing factors. Global models and models for each continent were then developed and evaluated against verification data. The comparative analysis demonstrates that a single global model performs comparably or better than individual continental models for a majority of the continents, resulting in a debris flow susceptibility map of the world useful in international planning, and future debris flow susceptibility modeling for determining societal impacts.
Estimation of Chlorophyll-a, SPM and Salinity in Mangrove Dominated Tropical Estuarine Areas of Hooghly River, North East Coast of Bay of Bengal, India Using Sentinel-3 Data
Authors: De Aakash , Mondal Ismail , Nandi Subhanil , Thakur Sandeep , Raman Mini , De Tarun Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to explore the variations in spatial/Spatio-temporal characteristics of water quality parameters of three estuaries in the western part of the Indian Sundarbans. Reliable retrieval of near surface concentrations of parameters such as Chlorophyll-a, SST & TSM in various aquatic ecosystems with broad ranges of trophic needs has long been a complex issue. In this study the C2RCC processor has been applied that has been tested for its accuracy across different bio optical regimes in inland & coastal waters. Satellite images for the same period were also collected and analysed using the C2RCC processing sequence to retrieve values of parameters such as the depth of water, surface reflectance, water temperature, inherent optical properties (IOPs), salinity, chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter (TSM) using the SNAP software. During the 2017-2020 season, in situ sampling from specific locations and laboratory water quality analysis were carried out. The OLCI retrieved results were then trained and validated using the in situ datasets. It was observed that the highest amount of TSM was recorded in Diamond Harbour during the pre-monsoon, in the year 2018 (301.40 mgL-1 in-situ value, and 308.54 mg L-1 estimated value). Similarly, chlorophyll-a had higher concentrations during the monsoon season (3.03 mg m-3, in-situ, and 2.96 mg m-3, estimated) in Fraserganj and Sagar south points. Very good fitted correlation results for all seasons between Chl-a, r = 0.829 and TSM, r = 0.924 were found during the comparisons of OLCI and in situ results. The high level of correlation highlights the importance of both primary and secondary data in understanding any dynamic system properly. Finally, the result shows that the water quality model outperforms conventional techniques and OLCI chl-a and TSM products. This paper empirically investigates a reliable remote sensing method for estimating coastal TSM and chl-a concentrations and supports the use of OLCI data in ocean colour remote sensing.
The Significance of Serum Tumor Markers CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3 And AFP in Patients Scheduled for Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Do Elevated Levels Really Mean Malignancy?
Authors: Baskiran Deniz Yavuz , Sarigoz Talha , Baskiran Adil , Yilmaz Sezai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND: Preparation of the patients for liver transplantation is a meticulous process and includes evaluation of tumor markers to rule out occult malignancy. Present study evaluated the significance of serum tumor markers in patients bound for liver transplantation due to viral and other etiologies of liver failure.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 381 patientswho underwent liver transplantation were included in the study. Demographic data, Model for End stage.Liver Disease (MELD) scores and serum tumor marker levels were prospectively collected.RESULTS: AFP levels were significantly higher in viral etiologies when compared to other etiologies (p<0.05).Ca 19-9 was significantly higher in viral etiologies (p<0.05). Among the viral etiologies HCV related liver failure had higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (Ca 19-9) levels (p<0.05). A correlation was found between increasing MELD scores and serum levels of tumor markers (p<0.05)CONCLUSIONS: Tumor markers such as AFP, CEA, Ca 125 and Ca 19-9 can be elevated in end stage liver disease. Their levels vary according to etiology and severity of disease. The diagnostic capabilities of these markers are reduced in end stage liver disease setting but they contribute to the evaluation of the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease. Transplantation can be performed safely in cases with high tumor marker levels provided that any occult malignancy is ruled out by means of imaging and endoscopic techniques. Tumor markers can guide the physician in determining the severity of liver cirrhosis and further studies are needed to validate such a relationship.
Miniaturized Optimal Incident Light Angle-fitted Dark Field System for Contrast-enhanced Real-time Monitoring of 2D/3D-projected Cell Motions
Authors: Jang Yeongseok , Han Seungbeom , Song Chulgyu , Jung Jinmu , Oh Jonghyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the field of biology, dark field microscopy provides superior insight into cells and subcellular structures. However, most dark field microscopes are equipped with a dark field filter and a light source on a 2D-based specimen, so only a flat sample can be observed in a limited space. We propose a compact cell monitoring system with built-in dark field filter with an optimized incident angle of the light source to provide real-time cell imaging and spatial cell monitoring. 2D/3D projected darkfield images are optimized for 2D/3D samples as they rely on darkfield filters, and incident light. 2D projection imaging was implemented using a modular condenser lens to acquire high-contrast images. This enabled the long-term monitoring of cells, and the real-time monitoring of cell division and death. This system was able to image, by 2D projection, cells on the surface thinly coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, as well as living cells that migrated along the surface of glass beads and hydrogel droplets with a diameter of about 160 μm. The Optimal incident light angle-fitted dark field system combines high-contrast imaging sensitivity and high spatial resolution to even image cells on three-dimensional surfaces.