bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Single volar locking plating for the intra- and extra-articular distal radius fractures with dorsal metaphyseal comminution
Authors: Gui Xue-yang , Cheng Zhao-hui , Shi Hong-fei , Chen Yi-xin , Xiong Jin , Wang Jun-fei , Qiu Xu-sheng , Zhang Zi-tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Volar locking plating remains a popular method for the surgical management of distal radius fractures. Dorsal metaphyseal comminution (DMC) is a common fracture pattern which weakens the stability during fracture fixation. In this study, we aimed to compare the radiographic and functional outcome of the intra- and extra-articular distal radius fractures with DMC following single volar locking plate fixation.

Materials and methods
Patients suffered from a distal radius fracture with DMC were reviewed in the clinical database of the authors’ institution between Jan 2016 and Jan 2020. The included patients were classified into the extra-articular (A3) group or the intra-articular (C2 and C3) group according to the AO/OTA system. The radiological parameters, wrist range of motion, and functional outcomes were evaluated following open reduction and volar locking plate fixation.

Results
A total of 130 patients were included in this study with a mean follow-up length of 17.2 months. Compared with the A3 fracture group, no significant fracture re-displacement or reduced wrist ROMs was observed in the C2 fractures after 12-month’s follow-up. However, significantly decreased volar tilt (P = 0.003) as well as the extension/flexion ROMs were observed in the C3 fractures comparing to the A3 fractures. Most of the patients achieved an excellent (n = 75) or good (n = 51) Gartland and Werley wrist score. Four patients with C3 fractures resulted in a fair functional outcome due to a significant loss of volar tilt during follow-up.

Conclusions
The single volar locking plate fixation provided sufficient stability for distal radius fractures with DMC, and resulted in similar radiological and functional outcomes in the intra-articular distal radius fractures with a simple articular component (C2 fractures) as those in the extra-articular fractures. Considering the intra-articular fractures with multifragmentary articular component (C3 fracture), despite of the subsequent loss of volar tilt, the majority of the patients achieved good to excellent wrist function following single volar locking plating.

Trial registration
This study has been registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov.
Sfaira accelerates data and model reuse in single cell genomics
Authors: Fischer David S. , Dony Leander , König Martin , Moeed Abdul , Zappia Luke , Heumos Lukas , Tritschler Sophie , Holmberg Olle , Aliee Hananeh , Theis Fabian J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-seq datasets are often first analyzed independently without harnessing model fits from previous studies, and are then contextualized with public data sets, requiring time-consuming data wrangling. We address these issues with sfaira, a single-cell data zoo for public data sets paired with a model zoo for executable pre-trained models. The data zoo is designed to facilitate contribution of data sets using ontologies for metadata. We propose an adaption of cross-entropy loss for cell type classification tailored to datasets annotated at different levels of coarseness. We demonstrate the utility of sfaira by training models across anatomic data partitions on 8 million cells.
Breed differences in the expression levels of gga-miR-222a in laying hens influenced H2S production by regulating methionine synthase genes in gut bacteria
Authors: Xing Si-Cheng , Huang Chun-Bo , Wu Rui-Ting , Yang Yi-Wen , Chen Jing-Yuan , Mi Jian-Dui , Wu Yin-Bao , Wang Yan , Liao Xin-Di 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The microbiota in the cecum of laying hens is crucial for host digestion, metabolism, and odor gas production. The results of recent studies have suggested that host microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression of the gut microbiota. In the present study, the expression profiles of host-derived miRNAs in the cecal content of two laying hen breeds; Hy-line Gray and Lohmann Pink, which have dissimilar H2S production, were characterized; and their effects on H2S production by regulating the expression of gut microbiota-associated genes were demonstrated.

Results
The differential expression of microbial serine O-acetyltransferase, methionine synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, methionine-gamma-lyase, and adenylylsulfate kinase between the two hen breeds resulted in lower H2S production in the Hy-line hens. The results also revealed the presence of miRNA exosomes in the cecal content of laying hens, and an analysis of potential miRNA-target relationships between 9 differentially expressed miRNAs and 9 differentially expressed microbial genes related to H2S production identified two methionine synthase genes, Odosp_3416 and BF9343_2953, that are targeted by gga-miR-222a. Interestingly, in vitro fermentation results showed that gga-miR-222a upregulates the expression of these genes, which increased methionine concentrations but decreased H2S production and soluble sulfide concentrations, indicating the potential of host-derived gga-miR-222a to reduce H2S emission in laying hens.

Conclusion
The findings of the present study reveal both a physiological role by which miRNAs shape the cecal microbiota of laying hens and a strategy to use host miRNAs to manipulate the microbiome and actively express key microbial genes to reduce H2S emissions and breed environmentally friendly laying hens.
Crustal structure and upper mantle anisotropy of the Afar triple junction
Authors: Kumar U. , Legendre C. P. , Huang B. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Afar region is a tectonically distinct area useful for studying continental break-up and rifting. Various conflicting models have been suggested to explain the lateral variations of the anisotropy in this region. To address this issue, we investigated the tectonics of the Afar region using receiver function and shear-wave splitting measurements based on broadband seismic data from 227 stations in the region. Further, the receiver function results were inverted to obtain the crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio of the region. Our results reveal a thick African crust (thicker than 40 km) with typical Vp/Vs values for the continental crust, elongated down to 21 km along the rift system with very high Vp/Vs values near the fractured zones, suggesting crustal thinning near the fractured zones. Our shear-wave splitting measurements indicate a general fast axis orientation of N030E. However, substantial disparities in the fast anisotropy direction exist in the triple junction region, with some stations displaying a direction of N120E, which is perpendicular to the fast directions measured at the surrounding stations. In addition, many stations located close to the rifts and within the Arabian Plate provide mostly null measurements, indicating the presence of fluids or isotropic media. This study uses several methodologies to unravel the structure and evolution of the Afar region, providing valuable insight into the Afar, a tectonically distinct region, which will be useful for elucidating the mechanisms and characteristics of a continental break-up and the rifting process.
Comparative study between ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block and caudal epidural block anesthesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery
Authors: Ahmed Waleed Abdalla Ibrahim , Shokier Mohamed Hossam Eldin Hamdy Abd El W , Kasem Amr Ahmed Ali , El Aziz Mohamed Hamed Abd , Saed Sherif Gorge Anees 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block versus caudal epidural block as a part of multimodal analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery.
In this prospective, single-blinded study, 50 patients were randomized into 2 groups (25 each group) either receiving ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block group A or caudal epidural block group B. In the pudendal nerve block group, patients were injected with 0.3 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 ug/kg fentanyl. In the caudal epidural group, patients were injected with 1 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 ug/kg fentanyl. Consumption of paracetamol was assessed during the first 24 h postoperatively. The “objective pain scale” done by Hannalah and Broadman was used to assess postoperative pain.

Results
This prospective randomized controlled single-blind clinical study was performed on total (50) ASA status I or II patients, of age 3 to 6 years scheduled for hypospadias surgery.
For the primary outcome, there was no statistically significant difference found between the two studied groups regarding objective pain score at arrival to PACU with p value = 1.000 while there was a statistically significant increase in pain score in group B than group A at 6 h and 12 h with p value = 0.017 and 0.003, respectively. Also, no statistically significant difference found between the two groups after 18 h with p value = 0.238 may be due to receiving acetaminophen dose in group B. Finally there was a statistically significant increase found in objective pain score in group B at 24 h than group A with p value = 0.015. And there was a statistically significant increase in time to first analgesia in group A than group B with p value < 0.001 while there was a statistically significant increase in total dose of acetaminophen in group B than group A with p value < 0.001.

Conclusion
Both ultrasound-guided pudendal block and caudal epidural block are effective and safe methods for postoperative analgesia for children undergoing hypospadias surgery but ultrasound-guided pudendal block gives more postoperative pain control.
Tracing the potential of networks to improve community cancer care: an in-depth single case study
Authors: Ridgeway Jennifer L. , Boardman Lisa A. , Griffin Joan M. , Beebe Timothy J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite overall declines in cancer mortality in the USA over the past three decades, many patients in community settings fail to receive evidence-based cancer care. Networks that link academic medical centers (AMCs) and community providers may reduce disparities by creating access to specialized expertise and care, but research on network effectiveness is mixed. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to whether and how an exemplar AMC network served to provide advice and referral access in community settings.

Methods
An embedded in–depth single case study design was employed to study a network in the Midwest USA that connects a leading cancer specialty AMC with community practices. The embedded case units were a subset of 20 patients with young-onset colorectal cancer or risk-related conditions and the providers involved in their care. The electronic health record (EHR) was reviewed from January 1, 1990, to February 28, 2018. Social network analysis identified care, advice, and referral relationships. Within-case process tracing provided detailed accounts of whether and how the network provided access to expert, evidence-based care or advice in order to identify factors related to network effectiveness.

Results
The network created access to evidence-based advice or care in some but not all case units, and there was variability in whether and how community providers engaged the network, including the path for referrals to the AMC and the way in which advice about an evidence-based approach to care was communicated from AMC specialists to community providers. Factors related to instances when the network functioned as intended included opportunities for both rich and lean communication between community providers and specialists, coordinated referrals, and efficient and adequately utilized documentation systems.

Conclusions
Network existence alone is insufficient to open up access to evidence-based expertise or care for patients in community settings. In-depth understanding of how this network operated provides insight into factors that support or inhibit the potential of networks to minimize disparities in access to evidence-based community cancer care, including both personal and organizational factors.
Comorbidity between types of eating disorder and general medical conditions
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Bulik Cynthia M. , McGrath John J. , Thornton Laura M. , Yilmaz Zeynep , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundComorbidity with general medical conditions is common in individuals with eating disorders. Many previous studies do not evaluate types of eating disorder.AimsTo provide relative and absolute risks of bidirectional associations between (a) anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified and (b) 12 general medical conditions.MethodWe included all people born in Denmark between 1977 and 2010. We collected information on eating disorders and considered the risk of subsequent medical conditions, using Cox proportional hazards regression. Absolute risks were calculated using competing risks survival analyses. We also considered risks for prior medical conditions and subsequent eating disorders.ResultsAn increased risk was seen for almost all disorder pairs (69 of 70). Hazard ratios for those with a prior eating disorder receiving a subsequent diagnosis of a medical condition ranged from 0.94 (95% CI 0.57−1.55) to 2.05 (95% CI 1.86−2.27). For those with a prior medical condition, hazard ratios for later eating disorders ranged from 1.35 (95% CI 1.26–1.45) to 1.98 (95% CI 1.71–2.28). Absolute risks for most later disorders were increased for persons with prior disorders, compared with reference groups.ConclusionsThis is the largest and most detailed examination of eating disorder–medical condition comorbidity. The findings indicate that medical condition comorbidity is increased among those with eating disorders andvice versa. Although there was some variation in comorbidity observed across eating disorder types, magnitudes of relative risks did not differ greatly.
Social Suffering and the Autonomy of Art
Authors: Gordon Peter E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to reconstruct a central claim of Theodor W. Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory, namely, that art is simultaneously autonomous and socially conditioned. The thesis of art’s “double character” is often misunderstood, especially by critics who wish to fault Adorno for his retreat into socially indifferent aestheticism. But his actual view was that art can remain art only if it is responsive to human suffering. For Adorno, it is only by virtue of its relative autonomy that art can address social suffering and sustain a critical posture toward the world.
Adorno’s Magic Lantern: On Film, Semblance, and Aesthetic Heteronomy
Authors: de la Fuente Ricardo Samaniego 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRejecting a reading of Theodor W. Adorno as a critic of the culture industry who could not conceive of film’s critical potential, many commentators have argued that for Adorno, film can become autonomous and thus a medium for social critique. This article argues that such a reading is only partly correct. Indeed, Adorno thought that film could be a medium for critique, yet he never stopped asserting film’s heteronomy. Building on the work of Miriam Hansen, the article argues that for Adorno, critical film could overcome the limitation of technique by film’s representational base and its inability to achieve a neutral standpoint through the use of montage, which arranges the material without dominating it.
Better survival of patients with oligo- compared with polymetastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 173 studies
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Ghidini Antonio , Ghidini Michele , Bukovec Roberta , Trevisan Francesca , Turati Luca , Indini Alice , Seghezzi Silvia , Lonati Veronica , Moleri Giovanna , Tomasello Gianluca , Zaniboni Alberto 
Published: August 2021

Background: The modern concept of oligometastatic (OM) state has been initially developed to describe patients with a low burden of disease and with a potential for cure with local ablative treatments. We systematically assessed the risk of death and relapse of oligometastatic (OM) cancers compared to cancers with more diffuse metastatic spread, through a meta-analysis of published data. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting prognosis of patients with OM solid tumors. Risk of death and relapse were extracted and pooled to provide an adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval (HR 95%CI). The primary outcome of the study refers to overall mortality in OM vs. polymetastatic (PM) patients. Results. Mortality and relapse associated with OM state in patients with cancer were evaluated among 104,234 participants (n=173 studies). Progression-free survival was better in patients with OM disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68; P <.001; n=69 studies). Also, OM cancers were associated with a better overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.62-0.68; P<.01; n=161 studies). In colorectal (CRC), breast, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the reduction in the risk of death for OM patients were 35, 38, 30 and 42%, respectively. Biliary tract and cervical cancer do not significantly better in OM stage likely for paucity of data. Conclusions. Patients with oligometastases have a significantly better prognosis than those with more widespread stage IV tumors. In OM cancer patients a personalized approach should be pursued.
A new nomenclature for the livestock-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on phylogenomics
Authors: Zwyer Michaela , Çavusoglu Cengiz , Ghielmetti Giovanni , Pacciarini Maria Lodovica , Scaltriti Erika , Van Soolingen Dick , Dötsch Anna , Reinhard Miriam , Gagneux Sebastien , Brites Daniela 
Published: August 2021

Background The bacteria that compose the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cause tuberculosis (TB) in humans and in different animals, including livestock. Much progress has been made in understanding the population structure of the human-adapted members of the MTBC by combining phylogenetics with genomics. Accompanying the discovery of new genetic diversity, a body of operational nomenclature has evolved to assist comparative and molecular epidemiological studies of human TB. By contrast, for the livestock-associated MTBC members, Mycobacterium bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis, there has been a lack of comprehensive nomenclature to accommodate new genetic diversity uncovered by emerging phylogenomic studies. We propose to fill this gap by putting forward a new nomenclature covering the main phylogenetic groups within M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis. Methods We gathered a total of 8,747 whole-genome sequences (WGS) from public sources and 39 newly sequenced strains, and selected a subset of 839 WGS, representative of the worldwide diversity of M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis. We used phylogenetics and genetic diversity patterns inferred from WGS to define groups. Results We propose to divide M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis, in three main phylogenetic lineages, which we named La1, La2 and La3, respectively. Within La1, we identified several monophyletic groups, which we propose to classify into eight sublineages (La1.1-La1.8). These differed in geographic distribution, with some being geographically restricted and others globally widespread, suggesting different expansion abilities. To ease molecular characterization of these MTBC groups by the community, we provide phylogenetically informed, single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be used as barcodes for genotyping. These makers were implemented in a new test suit in KvarQ, a platform-independent, open-source tool. Conclusions Our results contribute to an improved classification of the genetic diversity within the livestock-associated MTBC, which will benefit future molecular epidemiological and evolutionary studies.
The junior doctor changeover effect: does it exist in general surgery?
Authors: Baldock TE , Brown LR , McLean RC 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Junior doctor changeover has been perceived as a period of increased risk to patients. However, there is a paucity of contemporary evidence of this ‘changeover effect’. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of an adverse patient effect during periods of junior doctor changeover. Methods Data were requested on all patients aged 18 years or older admitted acutely under General Surgery in the North of England between 2005 and 2016. This included patient characteristics, diagnoses, comorbidities, procedure codes, mortality and length of stay. Patients were included in the study if they were admitted during the ‘changeover week’; defined as the first day of the changeover followed by the six subsequent days. For junior trainees (FY1-CT2), this is the first Wednesday of August, December and April each year. For higher surgical trainees (ST3–ST8), it is the first Wednesday in October. Another week, four weeks prior, was chosen as a historical comparator. Results In total, 61,714 patients were included in this study. Patient characteristics did not vary between the cohorts. There was no difference in 30-day mortality between changeover and non-changeover groups (2.5% vs 2.6%, p = 0.280) or length of stay (5.3 vs 5.2, p = 0.613). Changeover week was not a predictor of increased mortality (OR 1.06, p = 0.302) following multivariable adjustment. Further analysis of the first junior and higher specialty trainee periods, August and October, respectively, showed no significant difference for measured outcomes. Conclusions This retrospective cohort study provides contemporary evidence that the ‘changeover effect’ does not exist in acute general surgical admissions in the UK.
Estimating underreporting of leprosy in Brazil using a Bayesian approach
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme L. , Oliveira Juliane F. , Pescarini Júlia M. , Andrade Roberto F. S. , Nery Joilda S. , Ichihara Maria Y. , Smeeth Liam , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Barreto Maurício L. , Penna Gerson O. , Penna Maria L. F. , Sanchez Mauro N. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLeprosy remains concentrated among the poorest communities in low-and middle-income countries and it is one of the primary infectious causes of disability. Although there have been increasing advances in leprosy surveillance worldwide, leprosy underreporting is still common and can hinder decision-making regarding the distribution of financial and health resources and thereby limit the effectiveness of interventions. In this study, we estimated the proportion of unreported cases of leprosy in Brazilian microregions.Methodology/Principal findingsUsing data collected between 2007 to 2015 from each of the 557 Brazilian microregions, we applied a Bayesian hierarchical model that used the presence of grade 2 leprosy-related physical disabilities as a direct indicator of delayed diagnosis and a proxy for the effectiveness of local leprosy surveillance program. We also analyzed some relevant factors that influence spatial variability in the observed mean incidence rate in the Brazilian microregions, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic factors and how they affect the levels of underreporting. We corrected leprosy incidence rates for each Brazilian microregion and estimated that, on average, 33,252 (9.6%) new leprosy cases went unreported in the country between 2007 to 2015, with this proportion varying from 8.4% to 14.1% across the Brazilian States.Conclusions/SignificanceThe magnitude and distribution of leprosy underreporting were adequately explained by a model using Grade 2 disability as a marker for the ability of the system to detect new missing cases. The percentage of missed cases was significant, and efforts are warranted to improve leprosy case detection. Our estimates in Brazilian microregions can be used to guide effective interventions, efficient resource allocation, and target actions to mitigate transmission.