bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Finite Element Model of a Rotating Platform Total Knee Employing a Nonlinear, Dual-Surface-Contact Formulation
Authors: Otto Jason K. , Brown Thomas D. , Callaghan John J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mobile bearing total knees avoid the conformity/constraint tradeoff of fixed bearing total knees. However, a recent in vivo fluoroscopic study of the most popular mobile bearing total knee in the U.S. showed that bearing motion failed to occur in half of the patients observed. A nonlinear, multiple-surface contact finite element model of a rotating platform total knee was therefore developed to investigate the interaction at the “mobile” interface (contact between the tibial tray and the polyethylene insert) under physiologically relevant loads (1–4 BW) and rotations (10° endorotation). The data showed that there was a linear relationship between axial load and the torque resisting endorotation. Peak contact stresses were located on the medial and lateral peripheral edges of the polyethylene insert. All relative rotation occurred at the “mobile” interface. The same trends were seen in a complementary experimental study of the same components, suggesting that the finite element model is valid under these loading conditions.
A Comparison of the Viscoelastic Behavior of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Before and After the Implantation of a Prosthetic Disc Nucleus
Authors: Bain Allison C. , Sherman Tara , Norton Britt K. , Hutton William C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A prosthetic disc nucleus device has been designed to replace the degenerated lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) nucleus. In this study, we measured the creep response of a lumbar motion segment in the intact condition, after a nucleotomy, and after implantation with the device. The creep behavior was modeled with a three parameter standard linear solid to determine the elastic (E1, E2) and viscous (η) constants that describe the behavior of the disc. The average elastic damping constant (E1), and the viscous constant (η) were significantly lower after the nucleotomy than in the intact state. There were no significant differences between the intact motion segment and the device-implanted motion segment. This study demonstrates that the prosthetic disc nucleus device restores the viscoelastic behavior of the intact spine after nucleotomy.
Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis of the Human Lower Cervical Spine
Authors: Thacker Ben H. , Nicolella Daniel P. , Kumaresan Srirangam , Yoganandan Narayan , Pintar Frank A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The probabilistic response of an anatomically accurate, three-dimensional, non-linear and experimentally validated finite element model of the human lower cervical spine is presented. Biological variability of the model input variables is accounted for by modeling these parameters as random variables. Efficient probabilistic methods are used to determine the effect of biological variability on the computed response of the non-linear finite element model. Probabilistic sensitivity factors are determined to assess the relative importance of each of the random variables on the probabilistic response.
Head Injury and Improved Padding in Infant Seats
Authors: Sances Anthony , Carlin Fred H. , Harcourt John 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Head injury is a common finding for infants and young children who are involved in automobile accidents and are restrained in infant seats. A source of injury is the shell of the safety seat itself since it may offer little reduction in head acceleration to the infant that contacts the interior of the seat. Door panel intrusion during a side collision may also introduce external forces on the infant seat. By the introduction of effective and sufficient padding, and protecting the infant seat shell from external intrusion, a reduction in head injury potential may be obtained. This dynamic study shows that a marked reduction in HIC, angular velocity and angular acceleration occurs with improved padding in the shell of an infant seat.
The Flow Structure in an Anatomically Realistic Cerebral Aneurysm Model With Small Aspect Ratio
Authors: Morino Taku , Takahashi Hikoichiro , Yamauchi Takatsugu , Tanishita Kazuo , Murayama Yuichi , Tateshima Satoshi , Vinuela Fernando 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We measured the velocity profiles in an anatomically realistic model of a basilar tip aneurysm with small aspect ratio (depth / neck width) by LDV. We built an aneurysm model based on CT images. The maximum Reynolds number based on the diameter of basilar artery was 795 and the frequency parameter was 5.0. The inflow went into the aneurysm dome along the posterior wall. At the bleb, the flow separated from the wall and was decelerated. The outflow region was widely extended at the anterior side of the aneurysm with low velocity, because the dome shape developed asymmetrically to the anterior side. The shear stress at the bleb was intensified at the beginning of the deceleration phase, although the wall shear stress at intra-aneurysm points didn’t change drastically. We found out that aneurysms with small aspect ratio contains the peaked hemodynamic stress by using the realistic model. Therefore the diagnosis of aneurysm should be assessed by a realistic model.
Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Flow Within an Arterio-Venous Graft
Authors: Fischer Paul F. , Lee Seung , Loth Francis , Bassiouny Hisham S. , Arslan Nurullah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This was a study to compare computational and experimental results of flow field inside the venous anastomosis of an arteriovenous (AV) graft. Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) measurements were conducted inside an upscaled end-to-side graft model under steady flow conditions at Reynolds number 1820 which is representative of the in vivo flow conditions inside a human AV graft. The distribution of the velocity and turbulence intensity was measured at several locations in the plane of the bifurcation. This flow field was simulated using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) and shown to be in good agreement. Under steady flow conditions, the flow field demonstrated an unsteady character (transition to turbulence).
Langevin Dynamics of Hinge-Motion in Proteins
Authors: Bao Gang , Stott Shannon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many proteins function in mechanically stressful environments. For example, shear flow in blood vessel may exert a force as high as hundreds of piconewtons on an individual selectin-ligand bond. With such a mechanical force, the receptor (selectin) may deform, thereby altering the conformational match between the receptor and the ligand. Although van der Waals forces, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are all important, it is often the 3D geometry local to the binding pocket that dictates the characteristics of the bond between the receptor and the ligand. Good conformational matches lead to strong and long-lasting bonds, whereas poor conformational matches do the converse. it is conceivable that conformational changes in proteins in response to various forces serve as a mechanism for transducing mechanical signals into biochemical responses.
A Cardio-Synchronized Injection System
Authors: Conti P. , Banetta L. , Ficola A. , Magnino F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main limit in today’s infusion systems is that they can yield high liquid volumes but at low velocity (gravity systems) or at some higher velocity, but with constant mass/velocity ratio (peristaltic systems). In any case, the blood injection is obtained without any synchronization with fast ventricular diastole nor any attempt is made to enhance blood circulation in the venous vessels (which can be drastically slowed down by the pressure drop in the circulatory system); this can induce non physiologic pressure rises in the central venous system. A prototypical cardio-synchronized injection system has been developed in order to avoid the negative effects of continuos high rate infusion, to allow a mass injection independent from the velocity, and to induce a pumping effect in the venous vessels. The system has been designed to reduce the impact on the central venous pressure and to allow lower mass injection at higher velocities.
Microstructural Characterization, Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of TiCP Reinforced Ni-Alloy Coatings by Laser Synthesis
Authors: Tu D. L. , Kar A. , Wu X. L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Titanium carbide particle (TiCp)-reinforced Ni alloy composite coatings are synthesized by laser cladding using a cw 3 kW CO2 laser. Two kinds of coatings are possible in terms of the origin of TiCp: undissolved TiCp and in-situ generated TiCp. The former originates from the TiCp pre-coated on the sample whereas the latter from in-situ chemical reaction between titanium and graphite in the molten pool during laser irradiation. For the coating reinforced by TiCp formed in-situ, the sub-micron TiCp particles are formed and uniformly distributed because of the in-situ reaction and trapping effect during rapid solidification. Graded distribution of TiCp is obtained on a macro scale. The volume fraction increases from 1.86% at the coating-substrate interface to 38.4% at the coating surface. For the coating reinforced by undissolved TiCp, analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations show the existence of the epitaxial growth of TiC, the precipitation of CrB and M23C6, and the chemical reaction between Ti and B elements around phase interfaces of undissolved TiCp. In the matrix near the phase interface of undissolved TiCp, the loading curve obtained by nanoindenter exhibits pop-in phenomena due to the plastic deformation of cracks or debonding of TiCp from the matrix. For TiCp generated in-situ, no pop-in mark appears, indicating high fracture toughness. Coating with TiCp generated in-situ exhibits higher hardness and modulus than the coating with undissolved TiCp at regions near the phase interface. The coating reinforced by TiCp generated in-situ also displays higher impact wear resistance and abrasive wear resistance compared to the coatings with undissolved TiCp and without TiCp respectively.
Priorities and Expectations for Surface Engineering: A Personal View
Authors: Larsen-Basse Jorn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Surface engineering is currently attracting wide attention. The need to engineer surfaces for specific performance requirements has always been present but, until recently, the means available to accomplish this were few. The situation has changed dramatically during the past few decades when the rate, at which new surface modification processes appear, has escalated rapidly. The growth has been driven by synergistic advances in process control, modeling, materials and surface science, and in instrumentation which enables us to closely analyze and observe the surface and the near-surface material in great detail. At this point industrial adaptation of the new processes is lagging somewhat, awaiting maturation of the most promising processes so they can be reliably used in mass production.
Thermal Cycling Induced Bond-Coat Rumpling as a Precursor to TBC Failure
Authors: Clarke D. R. , Tolpygo V. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microstructural observations of TBCs failed under thermal cycling conditions reveal that failure is associated with extensive local separations between either the thermally grown oxide and the TBC or within the TBC itself close to the thermally grown oxide. Based on extensive microstructural characterization and measurements of concentration profiles within the bond-coat, we present a new model for the cause of these separations based on local increases in the density of the bond coat associated with the beta-NiAl to gamma-prime Ni3Al phase transformation. The phase transformation, driven by aluminum depletion required to form the protective alumina thermally grown oxide, is constrained by the overlying TBC thereby generating tensile stresses across the TBC/TGO interface and its vicinity. The observations and evidence for the new model will be described together with the role of thermal cycling.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Silicone and Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Kim Seon Jeong , Shin Mi Seon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels have become increasingly important for use in the biomedical field. They are used diagnostic, therapeutic and implantable devices(e.g. catheter, biosensor, artificial skin, controlled release drug delivery system and contact lenses). Also silicone derivatives are widely used owing to their favorable properties such as low-glass transition temperature, high gas permeability, high thermal stability and good biocompatibility. We have studied the interpenetrating polymer networks(IPN) by previous reports, and to report on the preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol), (PVA) and vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) IPN hydrogel in this presentation. The IPN composed of PVA and PDMS was synthesized by the following method. PVA was dissolved in the water to make 10wt% aqueous solution. And PDMS was mixed with 0.5wt% 2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylacetophenone(DMPAP) and 0.5mol% methylenebis acrylicamide(MBAAm). This mixture was added to PVA aqueous solution and heated at 90oC for 3hrs. Various IP{Ns were prepared from different mol ratios of PVA/PDMS. Hydrogels obtained were characterized by using FT-IR, wide angle X-ray diffractometry(WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), dielectric analysis(DEA), and equilibrium water content(EWC).
The Flow of UCM and Oldroyd-B Fluids Past a Cylinder
Authors: Alves Manuel A. , Pinho Fernando T. , Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate solutions are obtained with the numerical method of Oliveira et al (1998) for the inertialess plane flow around a confined cylinder. This numerical procedure is based on the finite-volume method in non-orthogonal block-structured meshes with a collocated arrangement of the dependent variables, and makes use of a special interpolation practice to avoid stress-velocity decoupling. Two high-resolution schemes are implemented to represent the convective terms in the constitutive equations for the upper converted Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluids, and the resulting predictions of the drag coefficient on the cylinder are shown to be as accurate as existing finite-element method predictions based on the very accurate h-p refinement technique.
A General Correlation for the Hydraulic Permeability of Arrays of Elliptical Fiber Bundles
Authors: Gravel E. M. , Papathanasiou T. D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A computational analysis of viscous flow through arrays of fiber bundles is carried out using the Boundary Element Method. We consider fiber bundles of elliptical cross section, each made up of up to 350 individual filaments. Such arrays are dual-porosity systems, characterized by different inter- (ϕi) and intra-tow (ϕt) porosities as well as by varying number (Nf) of filaments within each bundle. Investigating the influence of these parameters on the hydraulic permeability of hexagonal arrays of such bundles is the subject of our simulations. The results are compared to earlier analytical models and a good agreement is found. A dimensionless correlation is proposed and the computed permeabilities for bundles of aspect ratio λ = 2 and λ = 3 are shown to fall on a single master curve. This offers a generalized model for the calculation of the permeability of such dual porosity systems from knowledge of ϕi, ϕt, λ and Nf.
Pyrrhotite–silicate melt partitioning of rhenium and the deep rhenium cycle in subduction zones
Authors: Xue Shuo , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Re-Os isotopic system serves as an important tracer of recycled crust in Earth's deep mantle because of the large Re/Os ratios and time-integrated enrichment of radiogenic Os in Earth's crust. However, the Re distribution in Earth's known reservoirs is mass imbalanced, and the behavior of Re during subduction remains little understood. We performed laboratory experiments to determine the partition coefficients of Re between pyrrhotite and silicate melt () at 950–1080°C, 1–3 GPa, and oxygen fugacities (in log units relative to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz [FMQ] buffer) of FMQ–1.3 to FMQ +2. The obtained values are 200–25,000, which increase with decreasing oxygen fugacity and the total iron content (FeOtot) of silicate melt but decrease with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure. Applying to constrain the behavior of Re during slab melting demonstrates that slab melts contribute minimal Re to the sub-arc mantle, with most Re dissolved in sulfides subducted into Earth's deep mantle. Deep storage of recycled oceanic basalts and sediments can explain the mass imbalance of Re in Earth's primitive mantle, depleted mantle, and crust.
Late Pleistocene and early Holocene sea-level history and glacial retreat interpreted from shell-bearing marine deposits of southeastern Alaska, USA
Authors: Baichtal James F. , Lesnek Alia J. , Carlson Risa J. , Schmuck Nicholas S. , Smith Jane L. , Landwehr Dennis J. , Briner Jason P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We leverage a data set of &gt;720 shell-bearing marine deposits throughout southeastern Alaska (USA) to develop updated relative sea-level curves that span the past ∼14,000 yr. This data set includes site location, elevation, description when available, and 436 14C ages, 45 of which are published here for the first time. Our sea-level curves suggest a peripheral forebulge developed west of the retreating Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) margin between ca. 17,000 and 10,800 calibrated yr B.P. By 14,870 ± 630 to 12,820 ± 340 cal. yr B.P., CIS margins had retreated from all of southeastern Alaska's fjords, channels, and passages. At this time, isolated or stranded ice caps existed on the islands, with alpine or tidewater glaciers in many valleys. Paleoshorelines up to 25 m above sea level mark the maximum elevation of transgression in the southern portion of the study region, which was achieved by 11,000 ± 390 to 10,500 ± 420 cal. yr B.P. The presence of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and the abundance of charcoal in sediments that date between 11,000 ± 390 and 7630 ± 90 cal. yr B.P. suggest that both ocean and air temperatures in southeastern Alaska were relatively warm in the early Holocene. The sea-level and paleoenvironmental reconstruction presented here can inform future investigations into the glacial, volcanic, and archaeological history of southeastern Alaska.
Enhancing primary care capacity in chronic kidney disease management: a quality improvement educational initiative
Authors: Smekal Michelle D , Bello Aminu K , Donald Maoliosa , Zaidi Deenaz , McBrien Kerry , Nicholson Katrina , Novak Ellen , Hemmelgarn Brenda 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundGaps in identification, medical management and appropriate referral for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are evident.ObjectiveWe designed and implemented an interactive educational intervention (accredited workshop) to improve primary care providers’ awareness of tools to support guideline-concordant CKD management.DesignWe used the Kern method to design the educational intervention and targeted the accredited workshops to primary care team members (physicians, nurses and allied health) in Alberta, Canada. We conducted anonymous pre-workshop and post-workshop surveys to identify practice-specific barriers to care, identify potential solutions, and evaluate provider confidence pre-intervention and post-intervention. We used non-parametric statistics to analyse Likert-type survey data and descriptive content analysis to categorise responses to open-ended survey questions.ResultsWe delivered 12 workshops to 114 providers from September 2017 through March 2019. Significant improvements (p<0.001) in confidence to appropriately identify, manage and refer patients with CKD were observed. Participants identified several patient-level, provider-level, and system-level barriers and potential solutions to care for patients with CKD; the majority of these barriers were addressed in the interactive workshop.ConclusionsThe Kern model was an effective methodology to design and implement an educational intervention to improve providers’ confidence in managing patients with CKD in primary care. Future research is needed to determine if these perceived knowledge and confidence improvements affect patient outcomes and whether improvements are sustained long term.
Health providers’ experiences with mental health specialist video consultations in primary care: a qualitative study nested within a randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Haun Markus W , Hoffmann Mariell , Wildenauer Alina , Tönnies Justus , Wensing Michel , Szecsenyi Joachim , Peters-Klimm Frank , Krisam Regina , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Hartmann Mechthild , Friederich Hans-Christoph 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveDespite available effective treatments for mental health disorders, few patients in need receive even the most basic care. Integrated telepsychiatry services may be a viable option to increase access to mental healthcare. The aim of this qualitative process evaluation embedded in a randomised controlled feasibility trial was to explore health providers’ experiences with a mental healthcare model integrating mental health specialist video consultations (MHSVC) and primary care.MethodsA qualitative process evaluation focusing on MHSVC in primary care was conducted. In 13 semistructured interviews, we assessed the experience of all mental health specialists, primary care physicians and medical assistants who participated in the trial. A thematic analysis, focusing on the implementation, mechanisms of impact and context, was applied to investigate the data.ResultsConsidering (1) the implementation, participants evaluated the consultations as feasible, easy to use and time saving. Concerning (2) the mechanisms of impact, the consultations were regarded as effective for patients. Providers attributed the patients’ improvements to two key aspects: the familiarity of the primary care practice and the fast access to specialist mental healthcare. Mental health specialists observed trustful therapeutic alliances emerging and described their experience as comparable to same-room care. However, compared with same-room care, specialists perceived the video consultations as more challenging and sometimes more exhausting due to the additional effort required for establishing therapeutic alliances. Regarding (3) the intervention’s context, shorter travel distances for patients positively affected the implementation, while technical failures, that is, poor Internet connectivity, emerged as the main barrier.ConclusionsMHSVCs in primary care are feasible and successful in improving access to mental healthcare for patients. To optimise engagement and comfort of both patients and health providers, future work should focus on empirical determinants for establishing robust therapeutic alliances with patients receiving MHSVC (eg, leveraging non-verbal cues for therapeutic purposes).Trial registration numberDRKS00015812; Results.