bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tattooing: immediate and long-term adverse reactions and complications
Authors: Dodig Slavica , Čepelak-Dodig Daniela , Gretić Davor , Čepelak Ivana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tattooing has become a popular global trend in industrialised countries, with the highest prevalence rates of up to 30–40 % in the adult population younger than 40 years. Common tattoo inks may contain heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and primary aromatic amines, toxic if exceeding permissible limits. It is estimated that about 14.36 mg of ink is injected per cm2 of skin, at a depth of 1–3 mm. The injected pigment is internalised by neutrophils, fibroblasts, and macrophages or dendritic cells. About 60–90 % of the pigment is then transported to the lymph nodes via the lymphatic system and to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lung, through blood. Adverse reactions can be immediate (irritation, infection, inflammation of the skin), delayed (hypersensitivity reactions), and can result in long-term complications (fibrosis, granulomatous changes, systemic inflammation, and sometimes malignant diseases such as lymphoma). Pigments in tattooed skin can be identified by skin biopsy, chemical imaging, and histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Harmful effects of tattoo inks have been investigated ex vivo, in vitro, in vivo, and recently in silico. Studies in humans mainly refer to case reports, but there are no epidemiological studies that would evaluate the potential links between tattoos and cancer or other disorders. As the safety of people getting tattoos primarily depends on the quality of tattooing products, it is necessary to create a general regulatory framework.
Bio efficacy of methanol leaf extracts of Cissampelos pareira Linn., Lantana camara Linn. and Ocimum gratissimum Linn. against fever in Wistar rats
Authors: Kimuni Susan Nyawira , Gitahi Stephen Maina , Ngugi Mathew Piero , Njagi Eliud Mwaniki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated antipyretic potency of methanol extracts of Cissampelos pareira, Lantana camara and Ocimum gratissimum in Wistar rats.

Methods
The leaves samples were obtained from Embu County, Kenya. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts was conducted using LC-MS and GC-MS methods. The study was performed in eight sets each with 5 Wistar rats (n = 5): positive control, normal control, negative control as well as experimental. Group I (normal control) rats were injected intraperitoneally with a solution of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) only. Group II (negative control) constituted rats initiated with fever using turpentine alongside DMSO. Group III, (positive control) rats were induced with pyrexia and then administered with aspirin. Groups IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII composed of turpentine-induced pyretic rats that were intraperitoneally injected with various extracts dosages. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v25) software.

Results
The plant extracts possess antipyretic activities that are comparable to the standard therapy, aspirin. Quantitative phytochemistry showed that the extracts contained bioactive principles such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids which exert antipyretic activity.

Conclusion
The studied plants are rich in secondary metabolites that have antipyretic efficacies in rats. Hence, this study validates the folkloric use of the tested plants to manage fever among the Mbeere community in Kenya.
Utilization of lipoxins and other specialised pro-resolving mediators in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bergo Ivan , Pastorello Ylenia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease caused by insulin resistance. Whilst first originating in the adipose tissue, this pathophysiological process later affects the muscles and the liver as well. This induces high plasma levels of glucose and fatty acids, leading to the inflammatory-related chronic complications of diabetes, such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Specialized pro-resolving mediators are lipid mediators responsible for resolving inflammation and could therefore be beneficial in the management of chronic diabetes complications. The aim of this review is to assess if specialised pro-resolving mediators have the potential to attenuate the chronic complications of diabetes. Specialised pro-resolving mediators, especially lipoxins, can modulate both diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease. In mice it was demonstrated that, at the glomerular level, lipoxins reduced collagen deposition and expression of pro-inflammatory markers. In human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells instead, lipoxins were able to reduce collagen deposition and vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and chemotaxis. Aspirin is a medication that could be used to modulate specialised pro-resolving mediator levels, as aspirin triggered-specialised pro-resolving mediators exist. Aspirin triggered-specialised pro-resolving mediators are pro-resolving substances with similar effects, but synthetised in a different way, requiring the partial blockage of the cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme. These results demonstrate how such substances could be useful in the treatment of diabetic patients and why further research is needed to create efficient and economical medications.
Ecological study of cynipidae galls on cork oak (Quercus suber) and zeen oak (Quercus faginea) in the Edough forest massif, Eastern Algeria
Authors: Gouri Maroua , Adjami Yasmine , Boumaza Mounir , Kihel Ines , Kermiche Khamsa , Houhamdi Moussa , Ouakid Mohamed laid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An investigation into the biodiversity of Cynipidae galls (Hymenoptera) residing within the oak forests of the Edough massif in Annaba (northeast Algeria) spanned from October 2016 to September 2019, aimed to update the faunal list of galls, assess their specialization and organ preferences, and evaluate the impact of seasonal fluctuations on their abundance. A total of 19783 galls were collected, belonging to 13 different species on both Q. faginea and Q. suber. All the oak Cynipidae galls collected belonged to eight genera: Andricus, Synophrus, Callirhytis, Cynips, Cerroneuroterus, Neuroterus, Plagiotrochus and Pseudoneuroterus. Abundance peaked during winter, contrasting with significantly lower levels in summer. The gall population exhibited a diverse and balanced distribution during spring (H=2.35; E=0.74). However, it was very low in summer (H=0.51; E=0.26). The results obtained thus are added to the available data concerning Cynipidae galls on oak trees (Q. suber and Q. faginea) in Algeria. This emphasizes the need for further research aimed at enhancing our comprehension of this specific population.
Long-term population dynamics of the European Rabbit Oryctolagus cunniculus in SW Poland during the years 1980-2020
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using the hunting bags data, spatial and temporal changes in population densities of the European Rabbit during the years 1981–2020 in SW Poland (29 358 km2, including 8411 km2 forests) have been analyzed. During the years 1999-2003, a rapid increase in the numbers of the rabbit took place, reaching a maximum of c. 900 individuals in 2003-2004. However, in the two consecutive years (2005-2006), the numbers rapidly decreased to c. 600, and then levelled off at around 600-700 individuals until 2020. In 1981-1990, rabbits occurred mostly in Sudety foothills. Larger concentrations were recorded in SE Legnica hunting region (HR), SW Wrocław HR, SW Opole HR. The main reason for the decline over the last three decades is the rabbit haemorrhagic disease.
National Gastronomy and Gastronomic Tourism of Montenegro on its Way to the European Union
Authors: Vujačić Vesna , Kukanja Marko , Janinović Jovana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Montenegro, a Mediterranean gem, boasts abundant natural and cultural treasures, forming the bedrock of its thriving tourism industry. Among its various tourism branches – cultural, nautical, health, and MICE – gastronomy stands out as a potent driver. The indigenous gastronomic landscape not only entices foreign tourists but also fuels increased consumption. This paper endeavours to elucidate the justification and potential of Montenegro’s gastronomic tourism by spotlighting its national gastronomy. Gastronomy, intricately linked with destination identity, plays a pivotal role in shaping the destination’s image. Drawing inspiration from the Republic of Slovenia’s successful declaration as a European gastronomic region in 2021, this paper advocates for a similar trajectory for Montenegro to enhance its tourism brand recognition.
The Impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on the Legal Framework for Financing Agricultural Activities in Poland and Operation of the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture
Authors: Suchoń Aneta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of the article is, firstly, to present and evaluate the legal model of financing agricultural activities in Poland following Poland’s accession to the EU in the face of current challenges, and secondly, to attempt to determine the tasks that the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture performs in financing agricultural activities from EU funds. The article presents the System of Direct Payments as a basic element of Pillar I of the Common Agricultural Policy, Pillar II of the Common Agricultural Policy, Extraordinary Financial Support, the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture in Poland as an accredited entity implementing instruments co-financed from the European Union budget, de mininis aid, notified and ratified programmes. In conclusion, the author states that the current financial support through differentiated programmes under CAP 2023–2027 is aimed at meeting the current challenges. However, it is necessary to increase financial assistance to agricultural producers. The basic institution for financing agricultural activities in Poland is the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, established as early as 1994 to support the development of agriculture and rural areas. Poland’s membership in the EU has significantly expanded the tasks of the ARMA. The ARMA uses new technologies, such as implementing the Area Monitoring System defined in Article 66(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/2116 of the European Parliament and the Council.
Brain Drain in Kosovo: Policy Recommendations for Talent Retention and Sustainable Development
Authors: Nimani Mentor , Nimani Arbenita Sylejmani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the factors influencing emigration intentions among Kosovo's educated youth, with a particular focus on addressing the growing issue of brain drain. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research explores economic, political, and social factors contributing to migration intentions. A survey of 150 respondents aged 18–35 reveals a significant disconnect between educational attainment and local employment opportunities, with high unemployment and underemployment driving dissatisfaction. The findings align with established migration theories, including Push-Pull Theory and Human Capital Theory, illustrating how push factors like political instability and poor job prospects in Kosovo contrast with the pull factors of better salaries and career opportunities abroad. Policy recommendations include increasing wages, improving job opportunities, fostering political stability, and supporting entrepreneurship to mitigate brain drain and promote a sustainable future for educated youth in Kosovo.
Integrating Handcrafted Features with Machine Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Albanian Social Media
Authors: Fetahi Endrit , Hamiti Mentor , Susuri Arsim , Zenuni Xhemal , Ajdari Jaumin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Online social media has seen a significant increase in usage over the last decade, enabling people to communicate more easily. The vast amount of data generated by these platforms is mostly uncontrolled and unmanageable. This has also provided opportunities for individuals to engage in hate speech and offensive language on these platforms. To address this issue, this research aims to conduct extensive experiments using machine learning models and handcrafted feature extraction in the low-resource language Albanian. We utilized several machine-learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR), and extracted a considerable number of handcrafted features. To improve accuracy, we carefully performed feature selection to identify the most relevant features for detecting hate speech in the Albanian language. The results show that LR performed best in terms of accuracy, with an F1 score of 76.77. Using Random Forest feature ranking and SHAP analysis revealed that many comments on Albanian social media exhibit unique characteristics, resulting in a large feature set. This suggests that there is no clear pattern for the machine learning models to accurately flag the comments, indicating that Albanian is linguistically challenging to analyze.
Representation as an Important Institution of Civil Law
Authors: Zogiani Ermonda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Representation is a fundamental institution within civil law, playing a crucial role in the resolution of legal affairs. Subjects of law during the establishment of legal affairs or undertaking various procedural actions in civil litigation procedures may engage representatives who act on behalf and for the benefit of their interests. This paper explores the significance of representation as a legal mechanism including its impact on the efficacy of legal proceedings and the protection of parties' interests.
The necessity to act through representation arises as a result of the intensification of social relations and finds wide application due to the lack of time and the impossibility of parties to personally carry out their actions every time. Additionally, it is due to the complexity of the legal affairs and the risks that may be encountered in the absence of professional knowledge, whether they are physical or legal persons.
This paper aims to discuss difficulties faced by individuals who do not engage such representatives, like lawyers, to resolve their legal matters and examines the impact of such representation on court proceedings. It also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with representation, such as issues related to the quality and competence of representatives, and the potential disparities faced by those unable to afford legal services.
This research employs various methods, including historical and theoretical analysis, examination of judicial practices, and comparative aspects. The historical method highlights the evolving nature of representation in civil law over time. While the comparative method is used to investigate how the right to representation is regulated across different jurisdictions, revealing similarities and differences in their legal frameworks. The findings underscore the importance of effective representation in ensuring fair and equitable outcomes in civil legal processes.
Identifikasi Kenyamanan Fisik Jalur Pejalan Kaki Terhadap Kegiatan Pengguna
Authors: Fauzi Reza , Nur Intan Mangunsong  , Rini Fitri  , Dibyanti Danniswari  , Ina Krisantia  , Rheyhanda Hanifaridza  
Published: December 2024

Sebuah area perkotaan dengan berbagai macam aktivitasnya memerlukan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH). Selain itu, ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) juga memunyai fungsi yang vital bagi keberlanjutan lingkungan perkotaan. Koridor jalan atau jalur pejalan kaki adalah suatu fasilitas umum yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya, sirkulasi jalur pejalan kaki menjadi salah satu faktor atau komponen dalam pengembangan Kawasan perkotaan. Pada area jalur pejalan kaki dapat menjadi Ruang terbuka hijau yang berbentuk linear yang berfungsi sebagai sarana penambah kenyamanan bagi pengguna juga sebagai penambah kualitas lingkungan perkotaan. Jalur pejalan kaki adalah fasilitas khusus bagi pejalan kaki, jalur pejalan kaki dibuat agar pejalan kaki dapat terhindar dari kecelakaan dengan kendaraan, juga dapat berjalan santai tanpa harus khawatir dengan kendaraan lain yang melintas Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengembangkan konsep jalur pejalan kaki yang sesuai dengan kondisi eksisting jalur pejalan kaki di Jln. Kyai Tapa, Grogol, Jakarta Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Kuantitatif dengan Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode primer dan sekunder melalui observasi, survey, wawancara dan studi Pustaka. Faktor kenyamanan fisik berkaitan dengan kesesuaian bentuk jalur, konsep ergonomis dan desain yang secara dimensional, strukturalnya mengikuti gerak tubuh serta elemen-elemen yang dibangun dilingkungan sekitarnya. Jalur pejalan kaki yang merupakan aksesibilitas atau penghubung dari satu area menuju area lainnya maka hal-hal yang membentuk kenyamanan fisik seperti Dimensi, Material, Penataan Vegetasi, lampu, Street Furniture perlu diperhatikan guna memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pejalan kaki.
A Study on the Magnitude of Non-Fermenter Gram-Negative Bacilli and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Clinical Samples from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata
Authors: Choudhury Kabita , Kundu Suman , Bhunia Somnath , Mallick Tanvi , Bhattacharjee Swagata Ganguly , Dey Jayanta Bikash 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) were initially considered non-pathogenic contaminants but now have emerged as major pathogens because of increased isolation from clinical samples and emerging resistance to common antibacterial agents.

Objectives:
The study aims to determine the magnitude of NFGNB in clinical samples received at the Department of Microbiology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, for a period of one year.

Material and Methods:
The samples were processed according to standard procedures; for identification and antibiotic susceptibility test, Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux©) was used.

Results:
Out of 725 bacterial isolates, 169 (23.31%) NFGNB were identified during the entire study period. Pseudomonas spp. (n = 84) was isolated most frequently, followed by Acinetobacter spp. (n = 73), Burkholderia cepacia (n = 7), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5). Both Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. showed greater susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and poor susceptibility against cefepime.

Conclusion:
It is necessary to identify these drug resistant pathogens in healthcare setup. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these pathogens needs to be monitored to guide clinicians in better patient care and management by initiating proper antibiotic therapy.
Use of Phygitalization Tools in Library and Bibliographic Services
Authors: Kapterev Andrey I. 
Published: December 2024

An overview of phygitalization tools in some library and bibliographic processes is presented. The article briefly discusses the concept of phygitalization. The experience of digital humanities in library-bibliographic research is analyzed. Virtual bibliographic assistants as tools of phygitalization in libraries are listed (popular resources: EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero — comparison of their characteristics is given, less popular resources: ReadCube Papers, RefWorks, Sciwheel, Paperpile. A comparative analysis of specific information services according to a number of criteria is presented. Some successes of phygitalization in library and bibliographic service of users are noted. The problems of development of this emerging trend, its gradual growth into a well-established trend and prospects for wider spread of phygitalization in domestic libraries are formulated. It is shown that phygitalization in public and academic libraries brings many innovations that transform traditional library services.Arguments are given for the fact that the digital services analyzed in the article are exactly the tools of phygitalization of library and bibliographic activities. 1. All these services are digital tools that integrate with traditional methods of working with information, improving them and making them more efficient. 2. Digital services make information more accessible by allowing users to receive and process data regardless of their physical location. 3. These tools provide a user experience that can be personalized to specific needs and preferences. 4. Virtual bibliographic assistants support online collaboration, which combines elements of physical interaction with digital communication tools.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PENGHANCUR DAUN KERING MENGGUNAKAN LIMA MATA PISAU
Authors: Sutrisna Arya , Kamaharudin Syawaldi , Panuh Dedikarni , Raharjo Jarot 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRAK
Sebagai penelitian Tugas akhir dengan judul”Perancangan Mesin Penghancur Daun Kering Menggunakan Lima Mata Pisau”. Perancangan mesin ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu mesin penghancur daun-daunan kering. Untuk mendapatkan ukuran kehalusan daun dari proses pengolahan mesin penghancur daun-daunan kering. Untuk mendapatkan kapasitas produksi olahan dari mesin. Proses perancangan mesin penghancur daun kering dilakukan dengan tahapan yaitu perancangan dan penjelasan tugas/fungsi, perancangan konsep produk (gambar kerja). Analisis teknik meliputi analisis daya dan kecepatan yang terjadi pada poros. Tenaga penggerak mesin penghancur dedaunan kering direncanakan menggunakan motor listrik yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan daya listrik untuk UKM yang diperkirakan rata-rata berkisar 900 sampai 1300 watt. Hasil dari perancangan mesin perancangan daun kering dengan kapasitas produksi 32 kg/jam, dan dimensi mesin panjang 60 cm x lebar 60 cm x tinggi 100 cm, mengunakan tenaga pengerak berupa motor listrik 1/2 HP 1400 rpm, rangka mengunakan siku profil L 40 x 40 x 4 mm. Hasil uji kinerja memperlihatkan bahwa mesin bekerja cukup baik, dan dapat menghasilkan kehalusan cacahan dedauan berukuran 5-10 mm.
Kata kunci : Mesin penghancur daun, Daya, Putaran, Kapasitas Produksi
ABSTRACT
As a final project research with the title "Designing Dry Leaves Crushing Machine Using Five Blades". The design of this machine aims to obtain a dry leaf shredder. To get the size of the fineness of the leaves from the processing of the dried leaf crusher. To get the processed production capacity from the machine. The process of designing dry leaf shredder is done by stages, namely design and explanation of tasks / functions, design of product concepts (working drawings). Technical analysis includes analysis of power and speed that occurs on the shaft. The driving force of the dry foliage crusher is planned to use an electric motor that is adjusted to the ability of electric power for SMEs which is estimated to average around 900 to 1300 watts. The results of the design of dry leaf design machines with a production capacity of 32 kg / hour, and dimensions of the length of the machine 60 cm x width 60 cm x height 100 cm, using power in the form of 1/2 HP 1400 rpm electric motor, frame using L 40 x elbow profile 40 x 4 mm. The performance test results show that the machine works quite well, and can produce fineness of leaves measuring 5-10 mm.
Keywords: leaf shredder, shaft power, speed, production capacity