bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humming Trains in Seismology: An Opportune Source for Probing the Shallow Crust
Authors: Pinzon-Rincon Laura , Lavoué François , Mordret Aurélien , Boué Pierre , Brenguier Florent , Dales Philippe , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Vernon Frank , Bean Christopher J. , Hollis Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Seismologists are eagerly seeking new and preferably low-cost ways to map and track changes in the complex structure of the top few kilometers of the crust. By understanding it better, they can build on what is known regarding important, practical issues. These include telling us whether imminent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are generating telltale underground signs of hazard, about mitigation of induced seismicity such as from deep injection of wastewater, how the Earth and its atmosphere couple, and where accessible natural resources are. Passive seismic imaging usually relies on blind correlations within extended recordings of Earth’s ceaseless “hum” or coda of well-mixed, small vibrations. In this article, we propose a complementary approach. It is seismic interferometry using opportune sources—specifically ones not stationary in time and moving in a well-understood configuration. Its interpretation relies on an accurate understanding of how these sources radiate seismic waves, precise timing, careful placement of pairs of listening stations, and seismic phase differentiation (surface and body waves). Massive freight trains were only recently recognized as such a persistent, powerful cultural (human activity-caused) seismic source. One train passage may generate a tremor with an energy output of a magnitude 1 earthquake and be detectable for up to 100 km from the track. We discuss the source mechanisms of train tremors and review the basic theory on sources. Finally, we present case studies of body- and surface-wave retrieval as an aid to mineral exploration in Canada and to monitoring of a southern California fault zone. We believe noise recovery from this new signal source, together with dense data acquisition technologies such as nodes or distributed acoustic sensing, will deeply transform our ability to monitor activity in the shallow crust at sharpened resolution in time and space.
The 18 March 2020 M 5.7 Magna, Utah, Earthquake: Strong-Motion Data and Implications for Seismic Hazard in the Salt Lake Valley
Authors: Wong Ivan , Wu Qimin , Pechmann James C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 2020 oblique normal-faulting M 5.7 Magna mainshock has provided the best dataset of recorded strong ground motions for an earthquake within the Wasatch Front region, Utah, and the larger Basin and Range Province. We performed a preliminary evaluation of the strong motion and broadband data from this earthquake and compared the data with the Next Generation Attenuation - West2 Project (NGA-West2) ground-motion models (GMMs). The highest horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) recorded was 0.43g (geometric mean of the two horizontal components) at a station located above the rupture plane at a rupture distance of 8 km. Eleven stations recorded PGAs &gt;0.20g. Most of these stations are located on the deep sedimentary deposits within the Salt Lake Valley, and all are at rupture distances &lt;20  km. The data compare favorably with the NGA-West2 GMMs, although the expected variability was observed. PGAs exceed the GMM predictions at the closest distances for the source model that we used. The area of the strongest ground shaking encompassed the town of Magna, where some of the heaviest damage occurred.
A significant implication of the 2020 Magna earthquake for seismic hazards in the Salt Lake Valley arises from the possibility that this earthquake occurred on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault. If so, then the dip of this fault segment must decrease with depth to ≤30°–35°, as proposed by Pang et al. (2020)—at least along the northern part of the segment where the earthquake occurred. Because of the lack of information about the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault zone, modeling of this fault zone in seismic hazard analyses has assumed a moderate dip of 50°±15°. Assuming a more shallowly dipping fault results in higher estimates of ground shaking in future large earthquakes on this fault. Alternative interpretations of the Magna earthquake are that it occurred (1) on an auxiliary fault within the Wasatch fault zone or (2) on a listric section of the northern Salt Lake City segment that is not representative of the geometry of the whole fault segment.
The Silencing of U.S. Campuses Following the COVID-19 Response: Evaluating Root Mean Square Seismic Amplitudes Using Power Spectral Density Data
Authors: Guenaga David L. , Marcillo Omar E. , Velasco Aaron A. , Chai Chengping , Maceira Monica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, many populated and active regions have become deserted and show significant reductions in their background seismicity, especially campuses across the United States (U.S.). Seismic sensors located in the vicinity of or within U.S. campuses show that anthropogenic seismic noise remains elevated during the ordinary, nonpandemic, academic year, only subduing during periods of recess (e.g., winter break). Here, we use power spectral density (PSD) data computed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center for quality assessment to calculate root mean square (rms) amplitude and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 school closures. We processed and analyzed PSD data for 46 seismic stations located within 50 m of a U.S. university or college. Results show that 42 campus stations show an overall rms drop following a statewide school closure.
A case-control study on relationship between dermatoglyphics and hypertension
Authors: Zainab Humaira , Sylvia Sarita , Khaleel Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

In current study, we attempted to direct significant palmar dermatoglyphic restricts if there should be an occurrence of hypertension hypertensive's in age group among 20-50 years and whether the cutoff points can be utilized for broadcast reason.Along with the utilization of modified Purvis Smith strategy, Black copying ink (Kores, Bombay) was grimy on similarly pointers individually and plans will be involved by advancing the hands since wrist creases to fingertips on the breaker covered with the bond paper. In spite of the fact that crystal bond paper, applied unfalteringly over a wood cushion, has been utilized for recording the inked epidermal edge plans. Rolled finger desing has been created in the wake of applying consistent greatness on white bond paper since ulnar to radial side. Entire palm imprint, alongside the reverberating or the accolade was found over paper. Subsequently, one bunch of fingerprints and palm prints was acquired. The prints discovered were straightforwardly assessed with hand-focal point.Right hand and left hand of the together male and female examination bunch demonstrated extra number of curves than controls. Right hand and left hand of the together male and female investigation group demonstrated extra number of Circular loops than controls. The right hand and left hand of together male and female controller bunch introduced extra number of ulnar loops as opposed to study cluster. The right hand and left hand of the male controller group introduced more number of Whorl instead of study, however in females, the right hand study bunch introduced additional amount of whorl than regulator bunch and the left hand study bunch introduced less amount of Whorl as related to regulator group.The current study shows that there are some hereditary variables which are engaged with the causation of essential hypertension and it is conceivable to certain degree to foresee from dermatoglyphics person's possibility of securing basic hypertension. Like clinical history, assessment and examinations, the dermatoglyphics will assume a significant job uncovering the hereditary powerlessness to essential hypertension.
Wyniki badań testu wytrzymałościowego próbki węgla w świetle badań tomograficznych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Dohnalik Marek , Krakowska-Madejska Paulina ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Puskarczyk Edyta ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Jelonek Iwona ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica
Published: January 2021

The study aimed to check the possibility of using computed tomography to observe fractures in coal samples before and after a triaxial compression test (TRX). The paper presents an innovative use of two specialized laboratory techniques: computed tomography and geomechanical triaxial compression test. Geomechanical tests were performed on a TRX-070, GCTS (USA) measuring triaxial system. A full stress-strain characteristic was recorded. Also, during the triaxial compression tests, the P and S wave velocities were measured and dynamic elastic moduli were determined. The results were compared. The sample was analyzed in two stages: CT measurement performed on raw coal sample (stage 1) and after the TRX test which destroyed the sample structure (stage 2). First, the sample was scanned reflecting the initial pores and microcracks system. The final stage represents the sample after the geomechanical test. A detailed pore structure analysis was performed for each of the stages. As a result of the proposed above-mentioned method, images of the pore structure were obtained after each step. The sample was analyzed for crack propagation and changes in the pore structure. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation was based on the determination of the number of voids, crack diameters, collapse angles, and comparison of the pore structure between the initial state of the sample and after the triaxial test. In the first stage (before the test), the largest object (identified as a microcrack) had a volume of approximately 16 mm3, after the sample was stress-tested (after the sample was destroyed), the largest identified object was about 15 times larger (240 mm3). It appeared that the coal sample was prone to fracturing in defined directions. Comprehensive research has demonstrated the legitimacy of using the proposed methodology to evaluate changes in the sample structure during the triaxial test.
Dobór wydajności gazów propan-butan dodawanych w celu wspomagania efektywnego spalania gazu ziemnego niskometanowego z użyciem flary
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Budak Paweł , Szpunar Tadeusz ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the problems related to the burning of gas mixtures containing flammable and non-flammable gases using a flare. Before being burned, such a gas mixture must be “enriched” with other flammable gases before it can be directed to the flare. In the case of some Polish gas reservoirs such as Cychry or Sulęcin, the composition of the gas mixture doesn’t make it possible to burn it using the flare because the content of inflammable components is too high and the gas mixture is inflammable. The gas from the reservoirs mentioned above contains above 90 percent of nitrogen and small percentages of flammable components. Sometimes, besides nitrogen, the gas mixture contains other inflammable gases like carbon dioxide, helium, and oxygen. Usually, the propane/butane is used for that purpose. The possibility of burning the gas mixture using the flare is particularly important if the toxic gases are present in the mixture – hydrogen sulfide in particular. The propane/butane gases are added to the stream of gas mixture meant for burning using a special appliance. The typical arrangement of a gas-burning installation (i.e. the flare) is shown and the destination of its components is discussed. The empirical formula is provided which allows us to recognize if the gas mixture is flammable or not. The composition of the gas mixture must be known to calculate the propane/butane flow rate, including percentages of flammable and inflammable components. The algorithm constructed for calculating the propane/butane flow rate is presented, which must be maintained to assure the flammability of the gas mixture destined for burning using the flare. The results of the calculations for four gas mixtures from the Polish gas reservoirs are provided. The presented method of determining the flammability of gas mixtures (or its inability to be burned) and the flow rate of the propane/butane mixture required for complete combustion is based on empirical relationships, which are provided in the paper and may be helpful in planning the assisted combustion of low methane gases (not suitable for further use) using a flare.
Entre el “desorden” y el progreso: Una crítica al proyecto modernización política ecuatoriano en la novela Vida del ahorcado (novela subjetiva), de Pablo Palacio
Authors: Blanco Ramos Roberto Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Durante los primeros decenios del siglo XX las tendencias dominantes de la narrativa hispanoamericana se vincularon con un marco de representación que pretendía reflejar la realidad de su tiempo. Uno tendiente a representar las desigualdades generadas por el desarrollo de los estados nacionales y del capitalismo. No obstante, en ese mismo periodo, surgió, a raíz de la asimilación de la vanguardia histórica, una narrativa que dio lugar a nuevas formas de abordar la realidad literaria.
En ese contexto, el escritor ecuatoriano Pablo Palacio publicó la novela Vida del Ahorcado (Novela Subjetiva), en la que asumió una crítica al proyecto de modernización política ecuatoriana de finales del siglo XIX y de las tres primeras décadas del XX, a partir de una visión narrativa fragmentaria sobre la contradicción del orden simbólico de la modernización. En ese sentido, esta investigación literaria propone analizar la forma en que se construyó dicha crítica, mediante la examinación los principales ejes estilísticos vanguardistas presentes en la novela.
La investigación se divide en cuatro apartados. En el primero, se expone un estado de la cuestión con el objetivo de conocer los principales antecedentes del estudio crítico de la obra palaciana. En el segundo, se desarrolla una contextualización histórica de la realidad socioeconómica y política del proyecto de modernización. En el tercero, se examinan las principales tendencias vanguardistas que la novela contiene. Finalmente, en el cuarto apartado, se realiza el análisis discursivo propuesto.
Esta investigación, se desarrolló como trabajo final del curso Crisis del realismo y fundadores de la nueva narrativa, en el Máster Universitario de Literatura Hispanoamérica, impartido en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid durante el periodo 2018-2019.
Satisfaction with Alignment After Reduction of a Displaced Distal Radial Fracture
Authors: Boersma Emily Z. , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W.G. , Edwards Michael J.R. , Ring David , Teunis Teun 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Alignment adequate to offer nonoperative treatment after reduction of a distal radial fracture is a matter of opinion. This study addressed factors associated with interobserver reliability of satisfaction with alignment after the reduction of a distal radial fracture.

Methods:
A survey sent to members of the Science of Variation Group divided the participants into 4 groups that each rated 24 sets of radiographs of adult patients with a distal radial fracture before and after manipulative reduction and cast or splint immobilization. This resulted in a total of 96 fractures rated by 111 participants. Observers indicated whether they were satisfied with the reduction, meaning that nonoperative treatment was an option, or not, meaning that they recommend surgery. The Fleiss kappa was used to measure reliability.

Results:
There was fair reliability of satisfaction with reduction of a distal radial fracture (kappa, 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28 to 0.41]). No surgeon factors were associated with variations in reliability. Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that every degree decrease in dorsal angulation of the distal part of the radius on the lateral radiograph increased satisfaction by a mean of 1% (beta, −0.01 [95% CI, −0.02 to −0.006]; p = 0.001); each millimeter decrease in the anterior-to-posterior distance between the dorsal and volar articular margins on the lateral radiograph increased satisfaction by 3% (beta, −0.03 [95% CI, –0.04 to −0.005]; p = 0.014), and each millimeter decrease in ulnar positive variance increased satisfaction by 6% (beta, −0.06 [95% CI, −0.08 to −0.03]; p < 0.001), accounting for 44% of the observed variation.

Conclusions:
Surgeons are influenced by radiographic deformity, but do not agree on adequate alignment after reduction of a distal radial fracture.

Clinical Relevance:
Greater involvement of patients in decisions with regard to acceptable deformity has the potential to decrease treatment variation.
There is an App for That: Mobile Technology Improves Complication Reporting and Resident Perception of Their Role in Patient Safety
Authors: Johnson Christopher R. , Noorzad Ali , Pujari Amit , Paiement Guy , Lin Carol 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences are rooted within the culture of medicine. They serve a role in every training program and have been mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in surgical programs since 1983. Despite the patient safety improvements and educational benefits of these conferences, many adverse events are grossly under-reported.

Methods:
We developed a web-based, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, M&M reporting mobile application based on Research Electronic Data Capture. The list of possible complications was based on the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery complications list for part II. The interface is accessible through all mobile platforms. All residents were encouraged to use the application for real-time reporting of complications. Using an unpaired T-test, we compared the reporting before and after the implementation of the mobile application. Residents were surveyed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Culture Survey before and after implementation to evaluate resident perception of the department's culture of safety

Results:
The application was launched in August 2017. All reported events were tallied from August 2016 through July 2019. Before the implementation of the application, there were 54 adverse events reported, with a mean of 4.0 per month. In the Post-App cohort, a total of 176 adverse events were reported in year 1, with a mean of 14.76 per month, and 236 adverse events were reported in year 2, with a mean of 19.66 per month. Residents were significantly more likely to feel that their input on patient safety was valued by attendings after the implementation of the app (p = 0.0243).

Conclusions:
An anonymous mobile reporting method for M&M significantly increased the reporting of both major and minor complications and improved resident perception of their role in patient safety efforts. This suggests that traditional methods of M&M reporting may grossly underestimate the complication rates which can negatively affect patient safety and quality improvement efforts and that reducing barriers to the reporting of complication may improve resident engagement in patient safety.
Volar Locking Plate Fixation Versus Closed Reduction for Distal Radial Fractures in Adults
Authors: Lawson Andrew , Na Michael , Naylor Justine M. , Lewin Adriane M. , Harris Ian A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Distal radial fractures in adults are common, representing a substantial burden to patients and health systems. The 2 main treatments are closed reduction and cast immobilization (CR) and volar locking plate (VLP) fixation. Our primary aim was to determine if VLP fixation leads to better patient-reported pain and function at 12 months compared with CR.

Methods:
We searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of VLP fixation with CR for the treatment of distal radial fractures in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. Meta-analyses of patient-reported outcomes, clinical outcomes, and complications were performed. Key findings were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:
A total of 8 RCTs (810 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Based on moderate-certainty evidence, no clinically important differences in patient-reported pain and function were found: although the mean difference (MD) in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at 12 months was 4.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 7.0 points) in favor of VLP fixation, this was well below the minimum clinically important difference of 10 points. There was low-certainty evidence that VLP fixation led to better Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at 12 months (MD, 6.9 points; 95% CI, −0.6 to 14.3 points) and better DASH scores at 24 months (MD, 8.9 points; 95% CI, 5.8 to 12.1 points) but again, these differences were not clinically important. There was very low or low-certainty evidence that VLP fixation provided better long-term radiographic outcomes, including palmar tilt (MD, 6.5°; 95% CI, 2.8° to 10.1°), radial inclination (MD, 3.4°; 95% CI, 2.5° to 4.3°), and ulnar variance (MD, 0.7 mm; 95% CI, −0.8 to 2.1 mm).

Conclusions:
There were no clinically important differences between treatments with respect to patient-reported pain and function at 12 months post-treatment, even though VLP fixation resulted in better fracture alignment than CR.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.