bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Perundungan di Dunia Maya Siswa Ditinjau dari Kualitas Kelekatan Teman Sebaya dan Kontrol Diri
Authors: Putri Swasti Rasmita Rukmi  , Lisnawati Lisnawati 
Published: January 2021

Cyberbullying pada remaja menjadi fenomena yang banyak terjadi akhir-akhir ini. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. lekatan Teman Sebaya sebagai faktor eksternal dan kontrol diri sebagai faktor internal menjadi salah satu faktor yang berkorelasi dengan cyberbullying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya dan kontrol diri dengan perilaku cyberbullying siswa di SMA Ponorogo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan skala cyberbullying, skala kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya, dan skala kontrol diri. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas X dan XI di salah satu SMA yang ada di Ponorogo sebanyak 833 orang siswa. Cluster random sampling sebagai teknik sampling yang digunakan dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 81 orang siswa. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya dan kontrol diri secara bersama-sama terhadap perilaku cyberbullying atau dengan kata lain perilaku cyberbullying hanya dipengaruhi oleh satu prediktor saja dengan nilai r= 0,304 dan p=0,006 sehingga hipotesis mayor dalam penelitian ini ditolak. Kemudian analisis pada masing-masing prediktor menunjukkan bahwa kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya tidak ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku cyberbullying (p=0,187) sehingga hipotesis minor pertama ditolak, sementara kontrol diri menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku cyberbullying (p=0,006) sehingga hipotesis minor kedua diterima.
Digital tools in the Informed Consent process: a systematic review
Authors: Francesco Gesualdo , Daverio Margherita , Palazzani Laura , Dimitriou Dimitris , Domingo Javier Diez , Fons-Martinez Jaime , Jackson Sally , Vignally Pascal , Rizzo Caterina , Tozzi Alberto Eugenio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital, technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical research and in clinical practice.. Understanding, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the non-digital Informed Consent process.Methods: We searched for studies on available electronic databases, including Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Studies were identified using specific Mesh-terms/keywords. We included studies, published from January 2012 to October 2020, that focused on the use of digital Informed Consent tools for clinical research, or clinical procedures. Digital interventions were defined as interventions that used multimedia or audio-video to provide information to patients. We classified the interventions into 3 different categories: video only, non-interactive multimedia, and interactive multimedia.Results: Our search yielded 19,579 publications. After title and abstract screening 100 studies were retained for full-text analysis, of which 73 publications were included. Studies examined interactive multimedia (29/73), non-interactive multimedia (13/73), and videos (31/73), and most (34/38) studies were conducted on adults. Innovations in consent were tested for clinical/surgical procedures (26/38) and clinical research (12/38). For research IC, 21 outcomes were explored, with a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes being observed in 8/12 studies. For clinical/surgical procedures 49 outcomes were explored, and 21/26 studies reported a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes. Conclusions: Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to negatively affect any of the outcomes, and overall, multimedia tools seem desirable. Multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than videos only. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes in research IC processes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardization is needed to conclusively assess impact. Trial registration: NA
Nomograms to Predict the Prognosis in Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Nie Zhiliang , Zhao Pengcheng , Shang Yishan , Sun Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the dominant histologic type of oral cancer. Locally advanced OSCC remains a major therapeutic challenge. Our study aimed to develop and validate nomograms predicting survival prognosis in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after curative resection. Methods: A total of 269 consecutive patients with primary OSCC who received curative resection between September 2007 and March 2020 were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n=201) or the validation cohort (n=68). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) in the training set, which were used for the construction of nomogram models estimating 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS. We also evaluated the nomograms using concordance indices (c-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA), and compared those with the AJCC 8th staging system. The results were externally validated in the validation cohort.Results: Age, Kaplan-Feinstein (KFI) index, pT, the number of positive nodes and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were significant prognostic predictors for OS and CSS. The OS nomogram had c-index values of 0.712 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set, while the CSS nomograms had c-index values of 0.709 in the training set and 0.675 in the validation set. These data were superior to those of AJCC 8th staging system, suggesting high discriminative ability of the nomograms. Calibration curves exhibited good agreement between observed and predicted survival. DCA curves indicated the nomograms were with potential clinical usefulness. These results were validated in the validation set.Conclusions: The novel nomograms incorporating clinically available characteristics for OS and CSS prediction were developed in the locally advanced OSCC patients after curative surgery. Validation revealed good discrimination and calibration, indicating the clinical utility of the nomograms in the individualized prognosis prediction of locally advanced OSCC after curative surgery.
Heterogeneous C─H Functionalization in Water via Porous Covalent Organic Framework Nano Films: A Case of Catalytic Sphere Transmutation
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , Sasmal Himadri , Bag Saikat , Chandra Bittu , Majumder Poulami , Kuiry Himangshu , Sengupta Sayam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in water has not been explored beyond certain advantages like recyclability and recovery of the catalysts from the reaction medium. In doing so, they often fail to address other authentic pitfalls of homogeneous catalysis. Moreover, poor yield, extremely low selectivity, and active catalytic sites' deactivation further underrate the heterogeneous catalysis in water. On the other hand, most of the synthetically useful homogeneous catalysts are either water intolerant or remain catalytically inactive in water. Considering these facts, we have rationally designed and synthesized solution dispersible porous covalent organic framework (COF) nano-spheres to utilize their distinctive morphology and dispersibility to bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The success has further been extended in fabricating catalyst immobilized COF thin-films via covalent self-assembly for the very first time. We have used these catalyst immobilized COF thin-films to develop a general methodology for the C-H functionalization of organic substrates in water. This unique covalent self-assembly occurs through the protrusion of the fibers/threads at the interface of two nano-spheres, transmuting the catalytic spheres into films without any leaching of catalyst molecules, which was hitherto unheard of. The catalyst immobilized porous COF thin-films' chemical functionality and hydrophobic environment stabilizes the high valent transient active oxoiron(V) intermediate in water and restricts the active catalytic site's deactivation. An elevated catalytic yield and high selectivity (3°:2°) have been achieved in open-air conditions at room temperature, accompanying the elemental feature of heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., the recyclability. These COF films functionalized the unactivated C-H bonds in water with a high catalytic yield (45-99%) and with a high degree of selectivity (cis:trans=155:1; 3°:2°=257:1 in case of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane). To establish the "practical implementation" of this approach, we conducted the inflow catalysis (Turnover Number = 355±5) using catalyst immobilized COF films fabricated on a macroporous polymeric support.
Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Interepidemic Activity in Lower Moshi area of Kilimanjaro Region, North Eastern Tanzania: A Community Survey
Authors: Chilongola Jaffu , Kumalija Medard , Budodo Rule , Horumpende Pius , Mkumbaye Sixbert , Vianney John-Mary , Mwakapuja Richard , Mmmbaga Blandina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of public health impact infecting livestock, wildlife, and humans mainly in Africa and other parts of the world. Despite its public health importance, mechanisms of RVFV maintenance during inter-epidemic (IEPS) periods and potentially spread to new areas remain unclear.We aimed to comparatively examine exposure to RVFV and RVFV infection among humans, goats and mosquitoes in an agro-pastoral community in Lower Moshi area of Moshi rural district.Results:Results show that the male gender was related to RVFV seropositivity (χ2 = 5.351; p=0.030). Being 50 years and above was related to seropositivity (χ2=14.430; p=0.006) whereas bed net use, larger numbers of persons living in the same house (>7 persons) and RVFV seropositivity in goats were related to higher seropositivity to RVFV among humans (χ2=6.003; p=0.021, χ2=23.213; p=0.000 and 27.053; p=0.000), respectively.RVFV antibody concentrations were only marginally higher in humans without statistically significant difference [t (112) =0.526; p=0.60)]. By the use of RT-qPCR, goats exhibited the highest RVFV infection rate of 4.1%, followed by humans (2.6%), Aedes spp(2.3%), and Culex spp(1.5%). Conclusions: In the absence of RVFV infection data in areas nearby the study site, our findings suggest Lower Moshi area as a potential hotspot for RVF, posing the danger of being a source of RVFV spread to other areas. Goats had the highest infection rate, suggesting goats as important hosts in the virus maintenance during IEPs. We recommend the design and implementation of strategies that will warrant effective active surveillance of RVF through the identification of RVF hotspots for targeted control of RVF.
Ni-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkynes with Amines
Authors: Yao Wei-Wei , Li Ran , Chen Hao , Chen Ming-Kai , Luan Yu-Xin , Wang Yi , Yu Zhi-Xiang , Ye Mengchun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylations of alkenes with amines have been widely explored, while analogous reactions of alkynes have been a formidable challenge. Herein, a late transition metal nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of alkynes with amines was developed, providing a series of allylic amines in up to 94% yield. The use of double ligands (IPr and PCy3) and bulky amino protecting group proved critical to the reaction efficiency.
Content and Accessibility of United States Medical School Websites During COVID-19 and the Online Interview Season
Authors: Pollock Jordan , Moore M. Lane , Smith Jacob , Woolstenhulme Jonny , Markham Dane , Rhees Joshua , Poole Kenneth , Patel Naresh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMost medical school applicants use the internet as a source of information when applying for medical school. Previous analyses have evaluated residency and fellowship websites, however, an in-depth analysis regarding medical school websites is lacking.MethodsWe evaluated 192 United States medical school websites for presence or absence of 39 items relevant to medical school applicants. Items fell into 7 general categories: curriculum, research, demographics of incoming class, admissions information, faculty, financial aid, and social.ResultsOf the 192 websites evaluated (152 allopathic and 40 osteopathic schools), websites contained a mean of 23 items (59%) with a standard deviation of 4.2 items. ConclusionOur study examining United States Medical School websites revealed a lack of online information for medical school applicants. As medical school interviews transition to being online during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of the medical school website to applicants becomes increasingly crucial. The information contained in our study could be used to improve accessibility and information on medical school websites, which could help both applicants and medical schools themselves.
Optical Biometry and Influence of Media Opacity Due to Cataract on Development of Axial Length in Pediatric Eyes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Harsha , Buragohain Suklengmung , Javeri Henal , Deshmukh Saurabh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim: To study the influence of media opacity due to cataract on the development of axial length in paediatric eyes with the help of optical biometry.Method: In this prospective, observational study, all patients attending the paediatric outpatient department (OPD) of the institute underwent a comprehensive ocular and systemic evaluation. Patients suffering from any other ocular disease and systemic disease were excluded. Optical biometry was performed to measure the axial length in all the eyes. In each eye, five biometric measurements were acquired and average of these five readings were considered for the study. Patients were divided into three groups after proper age matching – 1. Group A (Bilateral cataract) 2. Group B (Unilateral cataract) 3. Group C (Bilateral normal). The axial length of the various groups were then compared. Results: A total of 540 eyes of 270 patients were involved in the study. 120 cases (n = 240 eyes) in Group A (bilateral cataract), 30 cases (n = 60 eyes) in Group B (unilateral cataract) and 120 (n = 240 eyes) in Group C (no cataracts). The mean age of the patients in all the groups was 9.38 ± 3.67 years (range: 1-17 years). In Group B, the difference in the AL between the cataractous eyes (22.44±1.48 mm; n = 30) and the fellow eyes (22.09±0.93 mm; n = 30) was not statistically significant (P = 0.277). The difference in the AL between the cataractous right eyes of Group A (22.9±3.51 mm, n = 120) and the non-cataractous right eye of Group C fellow eyes (22.57±0.71 mm, n = 120) was not statistically significant (P = 0.316). The difference in the AL between the cataractous left eyes of Group A (23.06±2.33 mm, n = 120) and the non-cataractous left eyes of Group C fellow eyes (22.56±0.78, n = 120) was statistically significant (P = 0.028). Conclusion: The results of our study and reported literature to date, seem to indicate a more significant role of genetic factors in comparison to media opacity, in the proportionate development of the AL.
Second Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Hao , Yang Ranran , Wu Kailiu , Lou Chao , Xiao Meng , Guo Wei , Ren Guoxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background：The clinical characteristics of second primary tumors in oral cavity after radiation was a special subtype of oral cancer and remained poorly studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Methods：The clinicopathological characteristics of 48 OSCC patients underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were retrospectively analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model, including gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, clinical stage, margin status, regional lymph node status, tumor differentiation and treatment mode.Results：The second primary OSCC mostly occurred on the tongue (18/48), bucca (12/48) and gingiva (10/48), and the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 60.3% and 39.4%, respectively. Margin status (p=0.001, log-rank=10.777) and extranodal extension (p=0.045, log-rank=4.017) were significantly associated with OS, while only margin status was found to be an independent prognostic factor of OS in the Cox proportional hazards model (p=0.003, HR=3.976).Conclusions： OSCC patients underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer show poor survival outcomes. Margin status is an independent prognostic factor of second primary OSCC, and the prognostic of second primary OSCC was not in accordance with sporadic OSCC.
Degradation of Penicillin G by Visible Light Irradiation-assisted Biotransformation by Whole Cell Paracoccus Sp.
Authors: Wang Peng , Shen Chen , Cong Qinqin , Liu Jihua , Wang Xiaochun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Paracoccus sp. strain (KDSPL-02) isolated from sludge was identified and evaluated for catalytic activity in the degradation of penicillin G. Results: High degradation efficiency and synergistic catalytic effects of the whole cell and visible light without additional catalysts were observed. The key factors influencing the degradation and kinetics of penicillin G were investigated. The results showed the phenylacetic acid, which was produced during penicillin G biodegradation, exhibited stronger inhibiting effects on KDSPL-02. However, this effect was reduced by visible light irradiation without any additional photocatalyst; furthermore, the rate of penicillin G biodegradation was accelerated, reaching a 100% rate in 12 h at a penicillin G concentration of 1.2 g/L. Four key intermediates produced during penicillin G degradation were isolated and identified by LC–MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Enzymes involved in the PAA pathway were proposed from a genomic analysis of paracoccus sp. KDSPL-02. Conclusions:These results provide a new method for bio-degrading of penicillin or other antibiotic pollutants using photoaccelerating biocatalysts with greater efficiency and more environmentally friendly conditions.
Arthroscopic Multichannel Combined Approach in The Treatment of Knee Lumen Infection With Calf Effusion Abscess：A Retrospective Analysis of 15 Patients
Authors: Li Yuan , Deng Fuyuan , Liu Juncai , Zhou Peng , Lei Lei , Li Zhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: It is rare to see knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess. Traditional open surgery is traumatic, slow and difficult to recover. And there are few reports of using arthroscopy to diagnose and treat knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess. This case series aims to introduce the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess.Methods：fifteen patients with knee joint cavity infections and calf abscesses from from January 2015 to December 2019, were included(11 males and 4 females; age range from 33 to 61, the average age is 46.6years). All patients were treated with arthroscopic multi-channel combined approach. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded before and at the last follow-up. The knee function was evaluated according to the visual analogue scoring method (visual analogue scale, VAS) pain score and Lysholm score.Results：fifteen patients were followed up from 12 months to 2 years, and the average follow-up time was 18.4 months. The operation was smooth in all patients, the incisions were healed at grade I, no postoperative recurrence, no nerve damage, and no complications such as knee stiffness. At the last follow-up, ESR decreased from preoperative (44.6±10.1) to (11.4±3.1) (P<0.001), and CRP decreased from preoperative (30.2±8.0) to (3.9±1.0) (P<0.001). Lysholm score was reduced by Before (46.9±7.7) improved to (93.0±8.1) (P<0.001), the VAS score decreased from (7.0±0.9) before operation to (2.1±1.2) (P<0.001), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion：Arthroscopic multi-channel combined approach is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment method for knee joint cavity infection with calf abscess.
Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Dahman Lotfi S. Bin , Al-Daghri Nasser M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.