bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single assistant versus dual assistant robotic surgery for robot‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy using da Vinci Xi or X
Authors: Ito Hiroe , Yanagida Satoshi , Toyonaga Yoichiro , Yamashita Hideyuki , Ohori Makoto , Isaka Keiichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo verify the usefulness of single assistant robotic surgery (SA‐RS) using da Vinci Xi or X performed for total hysterectomy.MethodsThe SA‐RS group (S‐group) includes surgeries in which the surgeon performed all surgical operations other than that of the uterine manipulator, while the dual assistant robotic surgery group (D‐group) includes surgeries performed by the surgeon with two assistants. In S‐group, the forceps and camera were replaced during surgery in cases of a large uterus with limited range of motion of the instrument. A comparative study of patient background, intraoperative and postoperative results and surgery‐related cost was performed between the two groups.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the two groups. On the contrary, S‐group showed a significant reduction in preparation time and wound closure time, and a savings of $768.ConclusionSA‐RS for total hysterectomy was possible, which is excellent in terms of cost, esthetics, and manpower.
Multimodality‐based knee joint modelling method with bone and cartilage structures for total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Jiahe , Yuan Fuzhen , Shen Yu , Wang Junchen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe propose a robust and accurate knee joint modelling method with bone and cartilage structures to enable accurate surgical guidance for knee surgery.MethodsA multimodality registration strategy is proposed to fuse magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images of the femur and tibia separately to remove spatial inconsistency caused by knee bending in CT/MR scans. Automatic segmentation of the femur, tibia and cartilages is carried out with region of interest clustering and intensity analysis based on the multimodal fusion of images.ResultsExperimental results show that the registration error is 1.13 ± 0.30 mm. The Dice similarity coefficient values of the proposed segmentation method of the femur, tibia, femoral and tibial cartilages are 0.969, 0.966, 0.910 and 0.872, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of multimodality‐based registration and segmentation methods for knee joint modelling. The proposed method can provide users with 3D anatomical models of the femur, tibia, and cartilages with few human inputs.
Board gender diversity and corporate labor investment efficiency
Authors: Sun Xu , Zhang Tianming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether board gender diversity affects firms' labor investment efficiency. We find that more gender‐diverse boards (higher representation of female directors) lead to less deviations in net hiring from the optimal level of labor investment predicted by economic fundamentals (i.e., more efficient investment in labor). The impact of board gender diversity on labor investment efficiency is robust to using alternative measures of board gender diversity and labor investment efficiency, controlling for unobservable variables, and addressing potential endogeneity concerns using propensity score matching and difference‐in‐differences approach. Additional subsample analyses suggest that the relation between female directors and labor investment efficiency is stronger in firms with weak monitoring, male CEO, and low managerial ability. Our findings provide support for the role and effectiveness of female directors in disciplining managerial opportunism and strengthening corporate governance.
Labor unemployment insurance and accounting conservatism
Authors: Liu Yixin , Wan Huishan , Zhang Yilei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use state‐level increases in unemployment insurance (UI) benefits as exogenous shocks to unemployment risk to examine its effect on accounting conservatism. Employing difference‐in‐differences analyses, we find an increase in accounting conservatism after UI benefit increases. Our findings support the employee perception management hypothesis, which argues that in order to mitigate labor costs associated with worker turnover, firms have incentives to manage employees’ perceived job security through less conservative accounting. When UI laws reduce workers’ separation costs, employer firms have less incentives to manage employees’ perception, attributing to the positive relation between UI benefits and accounting conservatism. Subsample tests show that this effect is driven by labor‐intensive firms as well as firms with higher risk. Overall, our paper suggests that labor market frictions have a significant impact on firm's accounting reporting policies.
What shapes CSR performance? Evidence from the changing enforceability of non‐compete agreements in the United States
Authors: Hrazdil Karel , Kim Jeong‐Bon , Li Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing a unique setting of exogenous variations in non‐compete agreement (NCA) enforceability in the United States, we investigate whether companies strategically engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices to retain employees. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, we find that an increase in the enforceability of NCAs deteriorates CSR performance. Cross‐sectional tests indicate that peer pressure affects CSR performance interactively with enforceability of NCAs. These findings demonstrate the unintended consequences of regulation and are consistent with the notion that firms strategically engage in CSR practices to retain employees, thereby reducing knowledge spillover associated with employee mobility.
The diagnostic accuracy of using a predictive equation for liver volume derived from simple sonographic measurements in the determination of hepatomegaly
Authors: Childs Jessie T. , Thoirs Kerry A. , Esterman Adrian , Lamb Kate 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound is a safe and inexpensive way to image the adult liver. Recently a valid and reliable equation was developed to determine the size of the adult liver using three simple ultrasound measurements. An upper limit of normal using this equation of 2223 cm3 has been reported. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of this cut off to determine hepatomegaly.MethodsA low‐risk and a high‐risk group participant group were recruited, each with 30 participants. Each participant had a liver ultrasound and liver volume calculated from the equation and an MRI where liver volume was calculated. The ultrasound volume equation using a hepatomegaly cut off 2223 cm3, was compared to the reference standard of MRI volume using a hepatomegaly cut off of 2185 cm3 as reported by Kromrey et al.ResultsThe ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.9% (CI 58.7–99.7), a specificity of 97.9% (CI 89.1–99.9), a positive predictive value of 90.9 (CI 58.7–98.6) and a negative predictive value of 97.9% (CI 88.1–99.7).ConclusionLiver volume calculated by using three linear ultrasound measurements in an equation, and an upper limit of 2223 cm3, has high diagnostic accuracy to determine hepatomegaly.
Predictive model for slenderness limit of circular RC columns confined with FRP wraps
Authors: Arabshahi Alireza , Tavakkolizadeh Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApplication of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) for retrofitting and rehabilitation of concrete structures is a common method. The main role of FRP confinement for reinforced concrete (RC) columns is to increase the ultimate strength and strain of confined concrete core and therefore improve in the load carrying capacity of the columns. However, it is possible that a previously short column fails due to buckling after the application of FRP confinement. In other words, the enhanced compressive strength of a retrofitted column may go beyond its buckling load. Therefore, a design criterion to predict this condition is necessary for the designers in the preliminary and final stages of the design. In this paper, a predictive model is proposed to determine the slenderness limit of FRP‐confined circular RC columns. The suggested relation was derived using one of the accurate design‐oriented strength models for FRP‐confined concrete columns as well as analytically derived buckling equations. The effect of hybrid FRP confinement is also incorporated in the suggested slenderness limit. Moreover, a parametric study was performed on the suggested model to specify most influential parameters. The accuracy of the proposed relation was evaluated using a database of experimental results collected from previous studies. The results of the evaluations demonstrated acceptable accuracy of the proposed relation in predicting behavior and failure mode of FRP‐confined RC columns.
Exposure to citrinin induces DNA damage, autophagy, and mitochondria dysfunction during first cleavage of mouse embryos
Authors: Huang Yi‐Lin , Pan Wen‐Lin , Cai Wen‐Wu , Ju Jia‐Qian , Sun Shao‐Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCitrinin (CTN) is a mycotoxin, which is isolated from Penicillium citrinum and widely existed in the contaminated feeds. It is reported that CTN is toxic to heart, liver, and reproductive system. Previous studies indicated that CTN induced apoptosis in oocytes and embryos. In this study, we reported the potential causes of CTN on embryo development. Our results showed that 40 μM CTN exposure significantly reduced the first cleavage of mouse embryos, showing with the low rate of 2‐cell embryos. We found that CTN induced DNA damage, showing the higher positive γH2A.X signals. Autophagy was occurred since more LC3 positive autophagosomes were found in the cytoplasm. This could be confirmed by the enhanced lysosome function, since higher accumulated lysosome distribution were found and LAMP2 was also increased under CTN exposure. Besides, we showed that mitochondria distribution was disturbed, indicating that CTN could disrupt mitochondria function, which could be the possible reason for the oxidative stress and apoptosis in CTN‐exposed embryos. In conclusion, our study showed that CTN exposure had adverse effects on the early embryo development during first cleavage through its effects on the induction of DNA damage, autophagy, and mitochondria dysfunction.
Higher-dimensional invariants in 6D super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Buyucli Serafim , Ivanov Evgeny 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We exploit the 6D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) harmonic superspace approaches to construct the full set of the maximally supersymmetric on-shell invariants of the canonical dimension d = 12 in 6D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. Both single- and double-trace invariants are derived. Only four single-trace and two double-trace invariants prove to be independent. The invariants constructed can provide the possible counterterms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) SYM theory at four-loop order, where the first double-trace divergences are expected to appear. We explicitly exhibit the gauge sector of all invariants in terms of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) gauge superfields and find the absence of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) supercompletion of the F6 term in the abelian limit.
Fitting the $$ Zb\overline{b} $$ vertex in the two-Higgs-doublet model and in the three-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Jurčiukonis Darius , Lavoura Luís 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the new contributions to the parameters gL and gR of the $$ Zb\overline{b} $$
Zb

b
¯

vertex in a multi-Higgs-doublet model (MHDM). We emphasize that those contributions generally worsen the fit of those parameters to the experimental data. We propose a solution to this problem, wherein gR has the opposite sign from the one predicted by the Standard Model; this solution, though, necessitates light scalars and large Yukawa couplings in the MHDM.
Lifshitz hydrodynamics at generic z from a moving black brane
Authors: Rajagopal Aruna , Thorlacius Larus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A Lifshitz black brane at generic dynamical critical exponent z > 1, with non-zero linear momentum along the boundary, provides a holographic dual description of a non-equilibrium steady state in a quantum critical fluid, with Lifshitz scale invariance but without boost symmetry. We consider moving Lifshitz branes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton gravity and obtain the non-relativistic stress tensor complex of the dual field theory via a suitable holographic renormalisation procedure. The resulting black brane hydrodynamics and thermodynamics are a concrete holographic realization of a Lifshitz perfect fluid with a generic dynamical critical exponent.
Duality for Outer $$L^p_\mu (\ell ^r)$$ Spaces and Relation to Tent Spaces
Authors: Fraccaroli Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the outer $$L^p$$

L
p

spaces introduced by Do and Thiele on sets endowed with a measure and an outer measure. We prove that, in the case of finite sets, for $$1< p \leqslant \infty , 1 \leqslant r < \infty $$

1
<
p
⩽
∞
,
1
⩽
r
<
∞

or $$p=r \in \{ 1, \infty \}$$

p
=
r
∈
{
1
,
∞
}

, the outer $$L^p_\mu (\ell ^r)$$

L
μ
p

(

ℓ
r

)

quasi-norms are equivalent to norms up to multiplicative constants uniformly in the cardinality of the set. This is obtained by showing the expected duality properties between the corresponding outer $$L^p_\mu (\ell ^r)$$

L
μ
p

(

ℓ
r

)

spaces uniformly in the cardinality of the set. Moreover, for $$p=1, 1 < r \leqslant \infty $$

p
=
1
,
1
<
r
⩽
∞

, we exhibit a counterexample to the uniformity in the cardinality of the finite set. We also show that in the upper half space setting the desired properties hold true in the full range $$1 \leqslant p,r \leqslant \infty $$

1
⩽
p
,
r
⩽
∞

. These results are obtained via greedy decompositions of functions in the outer $$L^p_\mu (\ell ^r)$$

L
μ
p

(

ℓ
r

)

spaces. As a consequence, we establish the equivalence between the classical tent spaces $$T^p_r$$

T
r
p

and the outer $$L^p_\mu (\ell ^r)$$

L
μ
p

(

ℓ
r

)

spaces in the upper half space. Finally, we give a full classification of weak and strong type estimates for a class of embedding maps to the upper half space with a fractional scale factor for functions on $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

.
Systems toxicology study reveals reduced impact of heated tobacco product aerosol extract relative to cigarette smoke on premature aging and exacerbation effects in aged aortic cells in vitro
Authors: Poussin Carine , van der Toorn Marco , Scheuner Sophie , Piault Romain , Kondylis Athanasios , Savioz Rebecca , Dulize Rémi , Peric Dariusz , Guedj Emmanuel , Maranzano Fabio , Merg Celine , Morelli Moran , Egesipe Anne-Laure , Johne Stéphanie , Majeed Shoaib , Pak Claudius , Schneider Thomas , Schlage Walter K. , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Hoeng Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAging and smoking are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our in vitro study compared, in the context of aging, the effects of the aerosol of Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS; an electrically heated tobacco product) and 3R4F reference cigarette smoke (CS) on processes that contribute to vascular pathomechanisms leading to CVD. Young and old human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) were exposed to various concentrations of aqueous extracts (AE) from 3R4F CS [0.014–0.22 puffs/mL] or THS aerosol [0.11–1.76 puffs/mL] for 24 h. Key markers were measured by high-content imaging, transcriptomics profiling and multianalyte profiling. In our study, in vitro aging increased senescence, DNA damage, and inflammation and decreased proliferation in the HAoSMCs. At higher concentrations of 3R4F AE, young HAoSMCs behaved similarly to aged cells, while old HAoSMCs showed additional DNA damage and apoptosis effects. At 3R4F AE concentrations with the maximum effect, the THS AE showed no significant effect in young or old HAoSMCs. It required an approximately ten-fold higher concentration of THS AE to induce effects similar to those observed with 3R4F. These effects were independent of nicotine, which did not show a significant effect on HAoSMCs at any tested concentration. Our results show that 3R4F AE accelerates aging in young HAoSMCs and exacerbates the aging effect in old HAoSMCs in vitro, consistent with CS-related contributions to the risk of CVD. Relative to 3R4F AE, the THS AE showed a significantly reduced impact on HAoSMCs, suggesting its lower risk for vascular SMC-associated pathomechanisms leading to CVD.
Acute alcohol intoxication and the cocktail party problem: do “mocktails” help or hinder?
Authors: Harvey Alistair J. , Beaman C. Philip 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rationale
To test the notion that alcohol impairs auditory attentional control by reducing the listener’s cognitive capacity.

Objectives
We examined the effect of alcohol consumption and working memory span on dichotic speech shadowing and the cocktail party effect—the ability to focus on one of many simultaneous speakers yet still detect mention of one’s name amidst the background speech. Alcohol was expected either to increase name detection, by weakening the inhibition of irrelevant speech, or reduce name detection, by restricting auditory attention on to the primary input channel. Low-span participants were expected to show larger drug impairments than high-span counterparts.

Methods
On completion of the working memory span task, participants (n = 81) were randomly assigned to an alcohol or placebo beverage treatment. After alcohol absorption, they shadowed speech presented to one ear while ignoring the synchronised speech of a different speaker presented to the other. Each participant’s first name was covertly embedded in to-be-ignored speech.

Results
The “cocktail party effect” was not affected by alcohol or working memory span, though low-span participants made more shadowing errors and recalled fewer words from the primary channel than high-span counterparts. Bayes factors support a null effect of alcohol on the cocktail party phenomenon, on shadowing errors and on memory for either shadowed or ignored speech.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that an alcoholic beverage producing a moderate level of intoxication (M BAC ≈ 0.08%) neither enhances nor impairs the cocktail party effect.
Calmodulin Antagonist W-7 Enhances Intermediate Conductance Ca2+- Sensitive Basolateral Potassium Channel (IKCa) Activity in Human Colonic Crypts
Authors: Bowley Kate A. , Sandle Geoffrey I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntermediate conductance potassium (IKCa) channels are exquisitively Ca2+ sensitive, intracellular Ca2+ regulating channel activity by complexing with calmodulin (CaM), which is bound to the cytosolic carboxyl tail. Although CaM antagonists might be expected to decrease IKCa channel activity, the effect of W-7 in human T lymphocytes are conflicting. We therefore evaluated the effect of W-7 on basolateral IKCa channels in human colonic crypt cells. Intact crypts obtained from normal human colonic biopsies by Ca2+ chelation were used for patch clamp studies of basolateral IKCa channels in the cell-attached configuration. IKCa channel activity was studied when the bath Ca2+ concentration was changed from 1.2 mmol/L to 100 μmol/L and back to 1.2 mmol/L, as well as from 100 μmol/L to 1.2 mmol/L and back to 100 μmol/L, both in the absence and presence of 25 μmol/L W-7. Decreasing bath Ca2+ from 1.2 mmol/L to 100 μmol/L decreased IKCa channel activity reversibly in the absence of W-7, whereas there was a uniformly high level of channel activity at both bath Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of W-7. In separate experiments, increasing bath Ca2+ from 100 μmol/L to 1.2 mmol/L increased IKCa channel activity reversibly in the absence of W-7, whereas there was again a uniformly high level of channel activity at both bath Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of W-7. We, therefore, propose that W-7 has a specific stimulatory effect on basolateral IKCa channel activity, despite its ability to inhibit Ca2+/CaM-mediated, IKCa channel-dependent Cl− secretion in human colonic epithelial cells.
Graphic Abstract
Novel lichen-dominated hypolithic communities in the Namib Desert
Authors: de los Ríos Asunción , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Limón Alicia , Cason Errol D. , Maggs-Kölling Gillian , Cowan Don , Valverde Angel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ventral surfaces of translucent rocks from hot desert pavements often harbor hypolithic microbial communities, which are mostly dominated by cyanobacteria. The Namib Desert fog belt supports extensive hypolithic colonization of quartz rocks, which are also colonized by lichens on their dorsal surfaces. Here, we aim to evaluate whether lichens colonize the ventral surface of the rocks (i.e., show hypolithic lifestyle) and compare the bacterial composition of these coastal hypolithic communities with those found inland. Fungal DNA barcoding and fungal and bacterial Illumina metabarcoding were combined with electron microscopy to characterize the composition and spatial structure of hypolithic communities from two (coastal and inland) areas in the Namib Desert. We report, for the first time, the structure and composition of lichen-dominated hypolithic communities found in the coastal zone of the Namib Desert with extensive epilithic lichen cover. Lichen modified areoles with inverted morphology of the genus Stellarangia (three lineages) and Buellia (two lineages) were the main components of these hypolithic communities. Some of these lineages were also found in epilithic habitats. These lichen-dominated hypolithic communities differed in structural organization and bacterial community composition from those found in inland areas. The hypolithic lichen colonization characterized here seems not to be an extension of epilithic or biological soil crust lichen growths but the result of specific sublithic microenvironmental conditions. Moisture derived from fog and dew could be the main driver of this unique colonization.
Ovarian Metastasis from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Habib Joseph R. , Pasha Shamsher , Khan Subhan , Kinny‐Köster Benedict , Shoucair Sami , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Yu Jun , Lafaro Kelly , Burkhart Richard A. , Burns William R. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Hruban Ralph H. , He Jin , Fishman Elliot K. , Javed Ammar A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high propensity for systemic dissemination. Ovarian metastases are rare and poorly described.MethodsWe identified PDAC cases with ovarian metastasis from a prospectively maintained registry. We reported on the association between outcomes and clinicopathologic factors. Recurrence‐free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsTwelve patients with PDAC and synchronous or metachronous ovarian metastases were identified. Nine patients (75%) underwent pancreatectomy for localized PDAC and developed metachronous ovarian recurrence. The median OS for all patients was 25.4 (IQR:15.4–82.9) months. For the nine patients with metachronous ovarian metastasis, the median RFS and OS were 14.2 (IQR:7.2–58.3) and 44.6 (IQR:18.6–82.9) months, respectively. Nodal disease, poor grade, vascular invasion in the pancreatic primary, and bilateral ovarian disease tended to confer worse outcomes.ConclusionPatients with resected PDAC and ovarian recurrence tend to have a comparable disease course to more common patterns of recurrence. Primaries with nodal disease, poorer grade, vascular invasion, and bilateral ovarian disease were indicative of more aggressive disease biology. The ideal management remains largely unknown, and future collaborative efforts should optimize therapeutic strategies.