bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A policy-level perspective to tackle rural digital inclusion
Authors: Wagg Sharon , Simeonova Boyka 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper explores how policy-level stakeholders tackle digital inclusion in the context of UK rural communities.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders that operate nationally in government departments, government funded organisations and third sector organisations that provided a policy-level perspective on digital inclusion initiative provision across England, Scotland and Wales. Activity theory (AT) was utilised as a theoretical framework, where a variety of factors–tools, rules, community, division of labour and contradictions–were found to have an influence on digital inclusion initiative provision.FindingsDigital inclusion initiative provision in UK rural communities is organised through the multi-stakeholder involvement of national organisations, and collaboration with intermediary organisations to provide digital skills training and support. The process is fraught with difficulties and contradictions, limited knowledge sharing; reduced or poor-quality connectivity; lack of funding; lack of local resources; assumptions that organisations will indeed collaborate and assumptions that intermediary organisations have staff with the necessary skills and confidence to provide digital skills training and support within the rural context.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the benefit of using AT as a lens to develop a nuanced understanding of how policy-level stakeholders tackle digital inclusion.Practical implicationsThis study can inform policy decisions on digital inclusion initiative provision suitable for rural communities.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper provides new insights into the understanding of how policy-level stakeholders tackle digital inclusion and the provision of digital inclusion initiatives; it builds on the use of AT to help unpick the complexity of digital inclusion initiative provision as a phenomenon; it reveals contradictions in relation to trust, and the need for knowledge sharing mechanisms to span and align different interpretations of digital inclusion across the policy-level; and reveals an extension of AT demonstrated through the “granularity of the subject” which enables the multi-actor involvement of the stakeholders involved in digital inclusion at policy-level to emerge.
Practically there? Exploring public relations educators' perceptions of creativity in the curriculum and classroom
Authors: Barker Richie , McDonald Sharyn 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the position of creativity within Australian public relations courses and explore how academics embed what is often identified by industry as a core skill for future and current practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe study consists of semi-structured interviews with 15 public relations academics to examine their views on the value and delivery of creativity in the public relations curriculum.FindingsThe findings of this exploratory study indicate creativity is addressed implicitly by educators who rely on personal and internalised knowledge rather than the application of a specific theory or body of knowledge pertaining to creativity. In addition, it identifies a series of challenges educators face including students' lack of confidence when required to be creative and a lack of clarity on how to successfully evaluate creativity in assessment tasks.Originality/valueCreativity has been identified as a vital future workplace skill and highlighted as an important capability in global best practice frameworks for public relations professionals. However, the successes and barriers experienced by educators who are responsible for building and evaluating students’ creative abilities have yet to be specifically explored. In response, this study considers educators' perceptions of their practice with regard to this prominent professional attribute and applies this knowledge to argue for theory-led pedagogies, particularly the use of models that emphasise the social nature of creativity, to demystify creativity and enhance students' work readiness as future practitioners.
How innovations in strategy have picked up with COVID-19
Authors: Lorange Peter 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore how corporate strategies have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA wide array of literature has been surveyed. Also, several senior executives have been interviewed. And two senior management counterparts have provided inputs. The approach taken is thus exploratory and pre-paradigmatic. This sets the stage for potential empirical investigations.FindingsThere seems to be a clear shift towards more web-based inputs regarding the way corporations are executing their strategies. Surprisingly shorter-term strategy implementation seems to be rather effective. More fundamental shifts in strategies, however, seem to depend a lot on executives' abilities to travel, and this have been severely curtailed.Research limitations/implicationsThe propositions that are stated in the paper have not been tested empirically. This sets clear limitations regarding generalizability.Practical implicationsIt seems important to strengthen firms' capabilities regarding distance-driven strategic execution, as well as strengthened cash flow management.Social implicationsThere seems to be a clear shift towards more nationalization, and a slowing-down of globalization.Originality/valueWhile many of the findings might be seen as rather self-evident, there is nevertheless originality in the way that COVID-19's impact on firms' strategies has been analysed.
No one left behind: risk communication to the street vendors during COVID-19 social distancing
Authors: Thanh Pham Tien , Nguyen Hanh Thi Hong , Ngan Le Thi Bao , Nguyen Doan My Duyen , Phan Gia Han , Nguyen Thi My Nhung 
Published: September 2021

PurposeCOVID-19 presents a serious and unprecedented challenge around the globe. Street vendors are the most vulnerable group during this pandemic regarding livelihood loss and contagion risk. This research aims to examine the roles of risk communication work in enhancing COVID-19 risk perceptions and adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors among street vendors.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from the street vendors in urban Vietnam. A binary probit model was used for analyzing the relationships among exposure to risk communication, risk perception and adoption of preventive behaviors.FindingsThe analysis reveals the outreach of risk communication work to the street vendors. A rather large proportion of the respondents perceive high risks associated with COVID-19. All respondents adopt COVID-19 preventive behaviors; however, the proportion of regular adoption is moderate and even very low for most behaviors. Their frequent exposure to risk communication significantly raises their risk perceptions and encourages their regular adoption of preventive behaviors, particularly regarding the measures that are affordable and less detrimental to their livelihood.Originality/valueThis research is among the first attempts to examine risk communication to the vulnerable group, how they perceive risks and the extent to which they adopt preventive behaviors during a public health crisis. This research draws some implications for risk communication and social welfare policies to obtain sustainable development goals.
The observed pattern and hidden process of female reproductive trajectories across the life span in a non‐human primate
Authors: Lee D. Susie , Kang Yul H. R. , Ruiz‐Lambides Angelina V. , Higham James P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Age‐specific fertility trajectories are fundamental to understanding population structure and the evolutionary ecology of diverse life histories. However, characterizing reproductive ageing has been difficult with cross‐sectional data, where senescence especially late in life can be confounded by selective disappearance. Addressing such challenge requires longitudinal data tracking the reproductive life span of known individuals, but such data are rare, especially for very long‐lived species such as primates.

We analyse the entire life span trajectory of annual fertility, from reproductive maturity to death, for 673 free‐ranging female rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico.

Using generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs), we first tested if time to death explains the ageing pattern independently of and additionally to chronological age, and if so, whether there is interaction between them. While GLMM captures the patterns in the data well, it is not a generative model. For example, given the GLMM and an individual's reproductive trajectory up to a given age, we cannot directly predict the probability of reproduction or death in the next year. For this reason, we further fitted a hidden Markov chain model (HMM) which allows just such a prediction, and additionally helps infer the process underlying the observed trajectory.

We show that, after accounting for individual differences in fertility, reproductive ageing exhibits both age‐dependent decline and also an abrupt terminal decline independently of age at death. We infer from the HMM that the underlying process of reproductive trajectory is where individuals cycle between reproductive bouts until they enter an irreversible frail condition that constrains fertility.

The findings provide valuable insights into the longitudinal progression of reproductive trajectories in primates, by revealing both age‐dependent and age‐independent patterns and processes of ageing, and contribute to a growing body of literature on reproductive ageing and senescence across animal taxa.
Equality and Equity in Emerging Multilateral Financial Institutions: The Case of the BRICS Institutions
Authors: Luo Hang , Yang Lize 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe New Development Bank (NDB) and the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) were built by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the BRICS countries) in response to the ‘disappointing’ Bretton Woods Institutions, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The main difference between the Bretton Woods Institutions and the BRICS institutions is that the latter adopts an equal‐weight system instead of a weighted voting system in the NDB (all five BRICS countries have equal shares and voting weights regardless of the major differences in their economic weights) and uses consensus instead of majority voting rules to make decisions regarding critical issues in the CRA. In fact, both the equal‐weight system and consensus rule are unprecedented in the history of multilateral financial institutions. The World Bank, the IMF, the Asian Development Bank and even the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) all adopt weighted voting systems and majority voting rules. We explain why the BRICS countries adopt these unprecedented designs through precise power measurements and carefully designed experiments. First, we measure the voting power of each member of the BRICS’ NDB and CRA under the current decision‐making systems, using this information as a control group. Then, we remeasure the voting power of each member of the NDB under the assumption that their shares and voting weights are allocated according to their economic weights; additionally, we remeasure the voting power of each country of the CRA under the assumption that majority rules are adopted when decisions are being made on critical issues. Moreover, we establish evaluation indices of power equality and power equity based on classic and variant Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves and use them to assess and compare the power structures of the BRICS’ NDB and CRA in the contexts of different voting weight reallocations and different voting rules redesigns. We use these indices to precisely analyse whether the power structures of the BRICS institutions become more equable or equitable in the examined contexts and to investigate the relationship between equality and equity in this setting.
Scenarios for BRICS Evolution in Light of the India–China Conflict
Authors: Papa Mihaela , Verma Raj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat is the future of the BRICS (Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa) group? BRICS has transformed in record time from a global non‐entity into an informal institution that pursues global policy leadership, features extensive policy coordination among five powerful countries, and creates its own organizations. While BRICS momentum seemed unstoppable, a militarized dispute between India and China in 2020 raised questions about the group’s future. This contribution concludes the Special Section by arguing that the BRICS group is not broken. Instead, it faces a range of strategic, geopolitical and operational challenges: how it addresses them will define its future trajectory and its impact on global governance. This essay analyses the situation from a conflict resolution perspective while bringing together insights from the five BRICS countries. It conceptualizes new directions for the BRICS group. Two possible internal conflict management scenarios are outlined: circumventing conflict and making institutional adjustments. Yet the real test of the group’s resilience is its ability to exert collective leadership and improve global governance. BRICS’ response to COVID‐19 and to the challenge of sustainable development offers insights into the group’s ability to advance community goals.
Effect of forestry (Pinus sp.) on the bat community (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Neotropical region
Authors: Liposki Biassi David , Baldissera Ronei , Galiano Daniel , de Souza Rezende Renan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifferent land uses can influence the way species are distributed across the landscape, which can generate arguments and justifications for conservation and the management of potential areas for conservation. Our study aimed to evaluate the structural complexity of the habitat (canopy openness) and the different land uses (native forest cover, silviculture and agriculture) in the composition of species of the bat community in areas of native forest and silviculture. We also aimed to compare the richness, abundance and beta diversity between these habitats. Bats were captured using mist nets during 21 nights of sampling in each area. We found an unusual pattern for bat assemblages in Neotropical regions, registering greater species richness for the family Vespertilionidae. No significant differences were found between the two areas regarding the abundance, species composition and beta diversity. The native forest area showed greater species richness, corroborating our hypothesis. We demonstrated how bat species are distributed in habitats with different land uses, as well as the importance of native forest areas to maintain the set of regional species.
Re‐evaluation of the prognostic significance of retropharyngeal node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Bijuan , Zhan Zhouwei , Pan Jianji , Xiao Youping , Tang Linbo , Guo Qiaojuan , Xu Yun , Zong Jingfeng , Zhang Ruiting , Xu Hanchuan , Lin Shaojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo investigate the prognostic value of retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy.Materials and MethodsRetrospective studies were performed in a total of 1197 patients. We evaluated the incidence of the retropharyngeal node (RPN) metastasis and the characteristics of the metastatic RPN including laterality, size, necrosis, and extranodal neoplastic spread.ResultsRPN metastasis occured in 86.3% of patients. The RPN and level II metastasis shared similar survival outcomes. RPN metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for distant failure (hazard ratio = 1.615; 95% confidence interval, 1.063–2.452; P = 0.025), in which the laterality of RPN metastasis significantly influences both the distant failure (P = 0.006) and disease progression (P = 0.001). In N1 disease, the occurrence of unilateral and bilateral RPN metastasis resulted in significantly different outcomes of the disease‐specific survival (P = 0.045) and progression‐free survival (P = 0.049). The co‐occurrence of bilateral RPN and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) metastasis was an independent adverse prognostic factor (P < 0.01) for distant failure and disease progression but not for locoregional recurrence.ConclusionBoth the RPN and level II are the first stations of NPC lymph node metastasis. For N1‐stage NPC patients, RPN metastasis, especially co‐occurrence of bilateral RPN and CLN metastasis, have an adverse influence on survival outcomes.
Clinical characteristics of two‐hundred thirty‐two dogs (2006–2018) treated for suspected anaphylaxis in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Turner K , Boyd C , Stander N , Smart L 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features of dogs treated for suspected anaphylaxis in Perth, Western Australia.DesignSingle‐centre observational case series with retrospective and prospective phases.MethodsThis was a two‐phase study of dogs with clinical suspicion of anaphylaxis presenting to the emergency service of a university teaching hospital. Dogs required evidence of, and appropriate treatment of, a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction as well as two or more organs affected (or cardiovascular signs alone) to be included. Phase 1 includes retrospective case series of 186 dogs (March 2006–December 2018). Phase 2 includes prospective descriptive case series of 46 dogs (October 2017–July 2018) focused on clinical signs.ResultsIn phase 1, 88 (47%) dogs had evidence of insect exposure prior to the acute event. One hundred forty (75%) dogs had dermatological signs, 141 (76%) had gastrointestinal signs and 129 (69%) had cardiovascular signs. Ninety‐two (49%) dogs had vasoconstrictive shock (5 with bradycardia), 24 (13%) had vasodilatory shock, 8 (4%) had mixed vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive shock and 5 (3%) had unclassifiable shock. On focused abdominal ultrasound, 42 of 71 (59%) dogs had gallbladder wall oedema and 3 of 71 (4%) dogs had peritoneal free fluid. In phase 2, the distributions of insect exposure, organ dysfunction and sonographic abnormalities were similar to phase 1.ConclusionDogs presenting with suspected anaphylaxis showed a broad range of presentations. Dermatological signs were absent in a proportion of dogs, vasoconstrictive shock was more frequent than vasodilatory and unique features of shock were identified. This study highlights the challenges of diagnosis based on presenting features alone.
Illusory social agents within and beyond voices: A computational linguistics analysis of the experience of psychosis
Authors: Shiel Lisha , Demjén Zsófia , Bell Vaughan 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPsychosis has a strong social component and often involves the experience of being affected by ‘illusory social agents’. However, this experience remains under‐characterized, particularly for social agents in delusions and non‐vocal hallucinations. One useful approach is a form of computational linguistics called corpus linguistics that studies texts to identify patterns of meaning encoded in both the semantics and linguistic structure of the text.MethodsTwenty people living with psychosis were recruited from community and inpatient services. They participated in open‐ended interviews on their experiences of social agents in psychosis and completed a measure of psychotic symptoms. Corpus linguistics analysis was used to identify key phenomenological features of vocal and non‐vocal social agents in psychosis.ResultsSocial agents i) are represented with varying levels of richness in participants’ experiences, ii) are attributed with different kinds of identities including physical characteristics and names, iii) are perceived to have internal states and motivations that are different from those of the participants, and iv) interact with participants in various ways including through communicative speech acts, affecting participants’ bodies, and moving through space. These representations were equally rich for agents associated with hallucinated voices and those associated with non‐vocal hallucinations and delusions.ConclusionsWe show that the experience of illusory social agents is a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction and is not solely present in auditory hallucinations, but also in delusions and non‐vocal hallucinations.Practitioner Points

The experience of being affected by illusory social agents in psychosis extends beyond hallucinated voices.

They are a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction.

These are also likely to be a source of significant distress and disability.
Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Jonak Constanze , Tittes Julia , Brunner Patrick Manfred , Guenova Emmanuella 
Published: September 2021

SummaryMycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) with not yet fully understood etiology and pathogenesis. Conceptually, MF and SS are classified as distinct entities arising from different T helper cell subsets. MF is the most common CTCL entity, while SS is very rare. MF presents clinically with patch, plaque and/or tumor stages, but can also evolve as erythroderma, which in turn is pathognomonic for SS. SS is characterized by a detectable tumor‐cell burden (Sézary cells) in the peripheral blood consistent with advanced‐stage disease and a poor prognosis. In early‐stage disease of MF, which is the predominant form, the prognosis is generally favorable. However, in up to 30 % of patients, there is progression of skin lesions, which can ultimately lead to visceral involvement. The histological manifestation of MF can be subtle in early‐stage disease and therefore a careful clinicopathological correlation is paramount. The treatment of MF/SS is dependent on the disease stage. Therapeutic options include both skin‐directed and systemic regimens. Apart from allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), there is as yet no curative therapy for MF/SS. Accordingly, the treatment approach is symptom oriented and aims to reduce the tumor burden and improve health‐related quality of life. However, the therapeutic landscape for CTCL is constantly being expanded by the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Rethinking equine anaesthetic risk: Development of a novel Combined Horse Anaesthetic Risk Identification and Optimisation tool (CHARIOT)
Authors: Hubbell J. A. E. , Muir W. W. , Hopster K. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe most widely used method of assessing the physical status of humans presented for anaesthesia is the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA‐PS). The ASA‐PS has been applied to animals including horses, but its use is problematic. The authors virtually convened a group of internationally recognised equine veterinary anaesthesiologists with the goal of developing a risk assessment tool for the evaluation of healthy and diseased horses presented for anaesthesia. With this survey and analysis, the authors aim to develop a simple rubric system to assess equine anaesthetic risk that augments the ASA‐PS system. The goal is to identify both diseased and healthy horses at increased anaesthetic risk prior to induction of anaesthesia so that measures might be implemented to potentially reduce morbidity and mortality.