bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of soil characteristics on cadmium absorption and plant growth of Theobroma cacao L. seedlings
Authors: Correa Juan Esteban , Ramírez Ramiro , Ruíz Orlando , Leiva Edna Ivonne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium uptake by cacao plants can affect plant growth, consumer health and commercialisation. To develop mitigation strategies, it is essential to identify the soil characteristics that could influence this absorption. To determine the relationships between cadmium absorption and the soil characteristics of cacao areas, the responses at concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 μg g−1 of cadmium in three soils of these areas and an andisol were evaluated, using 120‐day‐old seedlings of four cultivars of Theobroma cacao L.RESULTSIn the present study, several relationships were found between chemical and physical soil characteristics and available cadmium, such as real and bulk densities, as well as contents of iron, sand, magnesium, potassium, sodium and copper. Additionally, moderate to strong correlations between potassium (r2 = −0.56) and real density (r2 = 0.42), with foliar cadmium, were found. Moreover, a differential deleterious effect on cacao growth in variables such as biomass was corroborated in cadmium concentrations from 5 μg g−1 in soils. There were no statistical differences between cultivars with respect to cadmium uptake or plant growth. Finally, a multiple linear regression model is proposed to estimate the foliar cadmium content (r2 = 0.878).CONCLUSIONSome soil characteristics such as density, as well as sand, clay, aluminium, potassium and iron contents, should be considered before establishing cacao crops to avoid cadmium accumulation. The correlation between potassium with foliar cadmium indicated that potassium could be significant in cadmium uptake mitigation strategies. The high correlation between available cadmium and foliar cadmium indicates that the quantification methodology developed using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extractant may be a useful diagnostic tool. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quality evaluation and geographical classification of immature rape and acacia honeys in China
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Deng Zeyuan , Zhang Bing , Li Guangyan , Zhang Jinwu , Liu Rong , Li Hongyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo reflect and understand the real situation regarding immature honey, the quality parameters of 141 honey samples from different regions of China were evaluated. The possibility of classifying Chinese honey from different geographical origins was also considered.RESULTSThe results revealed that the values of diastase, sucrose, proline and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) met the international honey standard, although moisture, total glucose and fructose, and invertase content in most of the honey samples failed to meet the standards. In addition, honey from different geographical locations could be well separated based on the contents of maltose, sucrose, HMF and glucose oxidase.CONCLUSIONThe maturity of honey has a great impact on its quality, and the geographical origin of immature honey could be classified according to the physicochemical parameters. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Monitoring the behavior of imazalil and its metabolite in grapes, apples, and the processing of fruit wine at enantiomeric level
Authors: Li Runan , Pan Xinglu , An Xiaokang , Wang Kuan , Dong Fengshou , Xu Jun , Liu Xingang , Wu Xiaohu , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDImazalil is widely used in agriculture, which may pose a threat to food safety. This study aimed to investigate the fate of imazalil and its main metabolite, R14821 (imazalil‐M), in field grapes and apples, and in the processing of fruit wine at the enantiomeric level.RESULTSAnalysis method was established to determine imazalil and imazalil‐M enantiomers in grape, apple, fruit wine and pomace. The method showed acceptable recoveries of 71.6–99.9% and precision with relative standard deviation of 0.3–11.7%. Processing factors (PFs) were 0.15–0.40 (for imazalil enantiomers) and <0.13–0.83 (for imazalil‐M enantiomers) during the wine‐making process. The PFs after individual steps including washing, peeling, fermentation, and clarification were all less than 1. No enantioselective dissipation of imazalil was found in grapes under field conditions with half‐lives of 23.82–24.49 days. R‐(−)‐imazalil degraded slightly faster than S‐(+)‐imazalil in apples under field conditions with half‐lives of 9.82–10.09 days. S‐(+)‐imazalil‐M preferentially degraded in field grapes and apple. No significant enantioselectivity of imazalil and imazalil‐M was observed during the wine‐making process. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values of imazalil were 0.484–0.511 and 0.509–0.522 in grape wine and cider, respectively. The EFs were 0.484–0.501(in grape wine) and 0.484–0.504 (in cider) for imazalil‐M.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the wine‐making process could reduce imazalil and imazalil‐M residues in grapes and apples. The finding of non‐enantioselectivity of imazalil during the processing of fruit wine was useful for accurate risk assessment for imazalil in raw and processing fruits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Protein‐induced conformational change in glycans decreases the resolution of glycoproteins in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
Authors: Bupp Charles R. , Schwartz Cameron , Wei Bingchuan , Wirth Mary J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn understanding of why hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography gives a higher resolution for glycans than for glycoproteins would facilitate column improvements. Separations of the glycoforms of ribonuclease B compared to its released glycans were studied using a commercial hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column. The findings were used to devise a new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column. For the commercial column, chromatograms and van Deemter plots showed that selectivity and efficiency are comparable factors in the higher resolution of the released glycans. The higher selectivity for the released glycans was associated with more water molecules displaced per added mannose. To investigate why, three‐dimensional structures of the glycoprotein and the glycan were computed under chromatographic conditions. These showed that hydrogen bonding within the free glycan makes its topology more planar, which would increase contact with the bonded phase. The protein sterically blocks the hydrogen bonding. The more globular‐shaped glycan of the glycoprotein suggests that a thicker bonded phase might improve selectivity. This was tested by making a column with a copolymer bonded phase. The results confirmed that selectivity is increased. The findings are possibly broadly relevant to glycoprotein analysis since the structural motif involved in internal hydrogen bonding is common to N‐linked glycans of human glycoproteins.
A comprehensive quality evaluation method of Corydalis yanhusuo by HPLC fingerprints, chemometrics, and correlation analysis
Authors: Huang Wei , Pan Yan , Jiang Huijie , Chen Yi , Hu Linshui , Zhang Hui , Yan Jizhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel quality evaluation method of Corydalis yanhusuo was established by researching the high‐performance liquid chromatography behavior of alkaloids under different buffer solutions and exploring the correlation between alkaloids in C. yanhusuo. The retention times of tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were significantly influenced by pH, while the peak shape was affected by buffer types and ionic strength. The resolution of compounds in fingerprint was satisfactory under acetonitrile–0.2% phosphoric acid buffer (adjusted pH to 5.0 with triethylamine). Twelve common peaks were found by comparing 20 batches of C. yanhusuo fingerprints, and three tertiary alkaloids and four quaternary alkaloids were identified. The fingerprints were analyzed by similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. All samples were divided into three groups, and the contents of dehydrocorydaline and coptisine from Zhejiang province were relatively higher than other origins. There were six components performing more contributions to the quality of C. yanhusuo. The correlations between alkaloids were conducted by Pearson correlation analysis and mathematical model analysis. The content correlation between palmatine and berberine was y = 0.28x2 + 0.03x + 0.03, and the dehydrocorydaline and coptisine was y = −7.54/(1 + (x/0.14)0.5) + 2.61. The established mathematical model of alkaloids provided a guiding significance for the quality control of C. yanhusuo.
Open tubular capillary column immobilized with sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Zhou Lifen , Lu Yao , Sun Genlin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel chiral open tubular capillary column was fabricated with sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin and glycidyl methacrylate for enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography. First, the pretreated silica‐fused capillary was treated with 3‐trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate to attach double bond ligand onto the surface. A copolymer layer was formed on the surface of capillary using glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate by in situ one‐pot polymerization. Sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin was encapsulated inside the copolymerized layer. The morphology of the developed column was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of organic percentage and pH value of the mobile phase on electroosmotic flow and resolution was also investigated. The performance of the fabricated column was validated by separation of amlodipine besilate, 2,3‐diphenylpropionic acid, tropic acid, and pantoprazole enantiomers with good resolutions of 3.67, 4.82, 3.34, and 2.61, respectively. The repeatabilities of column‐to‐column and day‐to‐day through relative standard deviation were found better than 4%, exhibiting satisfactory repeatability of the developed column. The results reveal that open tubular capillary columns modified with β‐cyclodextrin show a great prospect for enantioseparation of chiral drugs in capillary electrochromatography.
COVID‐19 Rapid Review cross‐publisher initiative: What we have learned and what we are going to do next
Authors: Hurst Phil , Greaves Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Key points
The global crisis sparked collaboration between publishers and service providers to successfully address an immediate problem and demonstrated the possibility for future partnerships.
Encouraging experts to join a reviewer pool and quickly review the preprint and journal submissions, we were able to publish COVID‐19 research more quickly.
The initiative confirmed little author uptake of inter‐publisher journal transfer option.
The collaboration showed wide consensus on open science practices which will ensure faster and more reliable research findings.
High‐Fidelity Image Reconstruction through Multimode Fiber via Polarization‐Enhanced Parametric Speckle Imaging
Authors: Fan Weiru , Chen Ziyang , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Pu Jixiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh‐quality signal transmission and imaging through a multimode fiber is essential for optical communications and medical endoscopic imaging, as it can provide high fidelity of the transferred information. Multiple mode superposition and mode coupling distort the incident wave, and a speckle pattern formed at the exit end of a multimode fiber makes the reconstruction of the original object challenging. The transmission matrix method is proposed to characterize the complex mesoscopic optical transmission channels, allowing light to traverse through the random medium. Here, a novel approach, namely polarization‐enhanced parametric speckle imaging, is proposed to improve imaging quality through a multimode fiber by utilizing the properties of polarization evolution through a multimode fiber. The demonstrated superior performance of polarization‐enhanced parametric speckle imaging opens novel avenues for optical communication system and photonics‐based endoscopic diagnosis.
Investigations into dry‐sliding wear behaviour of a novel composite (aluminium‐magnesium‐silicon‐copper‐silicon carbide) produced by powder metallurgy route
Authors: Behera R.K. , Samal B.P. , Panigrahi S.C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal‐matrix aluminium composites are satisfactory successor not only for steels, but also for aluminium‐alloys in several automotive units and components. There are various paths to get light‐weight materials with‐out compromising their toughness, strength and safety demands. Tests on dry‐sliding or un‐lubricated pin‐on‐disc tests can be performed to obtain the wear‐characteristics of metal‐matrix composites built on aluminum. In the present study, we studied the behavior of wear resistance during sliding of metal matrix aluminium composites (AMMC) at sliding speeds of 1.5 m/s and loads of 20 N and 40 N in a normal environment, and experiments have been conducted using pin‐on‐disk tribometer (Make: DUCOM tribometer). The composites were manufactured by powder treatment and presented a number of problems, such as defective bonds and inter‐facial product reactions, which alter the tribological and mechanical properties. The results have shown that wear‐rates of the prepared composites are much lesser than those of matrix‐alloy and decreased further with increasing silicon carbide content. As the normal loads increases, the cracks and combination of abrasions, delimitation and wear of the adhesives of silicon carbide particles were observed. The composite samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope before and after the wear tests and systematically analysed.
Dataset of patient‐derived digital breast phantoms for in silico studies in breast computed tomography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and digital mammography
Authors: Sarno Antonio , Mettivier Giovanni , di Franco Francesca , Varallo Antonio , Bliznakova Kristina , Hernandez Andrew M. , Boone John M. , Russo Paolo 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo present a dataset of computational digital breast phantoms derived from high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) clinical breast images for the use in virtual clinical trials in two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D x‐ray breast imaging.Acquisition and validation methodsUncompressed computational breast phantoms for investigations in dedicated breast CT (BCT) were derived from 150 clinical 3D breast images acquired via a BCT scanner at UC Davis (California, USA). Each image voxel was classified in one out of the four main materials presented in the field of view: fibroglandular tissue, adipose tissue, skin tissue, and air. For the image classification, a semi‐automatic software was developed. The semi‐automatic classification was compared via manual glandular classification performed by two researchers. A total of 60 compressed computational phantoms for virtual clinical trials in digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) were obtained from the corresponding uncompressed phantoms via a software algorithm simulating the compression and the elastic deformation of the breast, using the tissue’s elastic coefficient. This process was evaluated in terms of glandular fraction modification introduced by the compression procedure. The generated cohort of 150 uncompressed computational breast phantoms presented a mean value of the glandular fraction by mass of 12.3%; the average diameter of the breast evaluated at the center of mass was 105 mm. Despite the slight differences between the two manual segmentations, the resulting glandular tissue segmentation did not consistently differ from that obtained via the semi‐automatic classification. The difference between the glandular fraction by mass before and after the compression was 2.1% on average. The 60 compressed phantoms presented an average glandular fraction by mass of 12.1% and an average compressed thickness of 61 mm.Data format and accessThe generated digital breast phantoms are stored in DICOM files. Image voxels can present one out of four values representing the different classified materials: 0 for the air, 1 for the adipose tissue, 2 for the glandular tissue, and 3 for the skin tissue. The generated computational phantoms datasets were stored in the Zenodo public repository for research purposes (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529852, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4515360).Potential applicationsThe dataset developed within the INFN AGATA project will be used for developing a platform for virtual clinical trials in x‐ray breast imaging and dosimetry. In addition, they will represent a valid support for introducing new breast models for dose estimates in 2D and 3D x‐ray breast imaging and as models for manufacturing anthropomorphic physical phantoms.
Comparison of reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the IPAQ‐SF and PASE in adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Smith R.D. , McHugh G.A. , Quicke J.G. , Dziedzic K.S. , Healey E.L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the measurement properties of two commonly used self‐report physical activity (PA) measures: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ‐SF) and the Physical Activity Scale for the elderly (PASE) in adults with osteoarthritis.MethodsSecondary analysis of the MOSAICS cluster randomised controlled trial baseline and 3‐month follow‐up questionnaires, total scores and subdomains of the IPAQ‐SF and PASE were compared. Intra‐class correlations (ICC) were used to assess test–retest reliability, measurement error was assessed using standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Responsiveness was assessed using effect size (ES), standard responsive measurement (SRM) and response ratio (RR).ResultsThere was moderate correlation (r = 0.56) between the total IPAQ‐SF scores (score ranges 0–16,398) and the total PASE scores (score ranges 0–400). Subdomain correlations were also moderate (ranges 0.39–0.57). The PASE showed greater reliability compared to the IPAQ‐SF (ICC = 0.68; 0.61–0.74 95% CI and ICC = 0.64; 0.55–0.72, respectively). Measurement errors in both measures were large: PASE SEM = 46.7, SDC = 129.6 and 95% LoA ranges = −117 to 136, the IPAQ‐SF SEM = 3532.2 METS−1 min−1 week, SDC = 9790.8 and 95% LoA ranges = −5222 to 5597. Responsiveness was poor: ES −0.14 and −0.16, SRM −0.21 and −0.21, and RR 0.12 and 0.09 for the IPAQ‐SF and PASE, respectively.DiscussionThe IPAQ‐SF and PASE appear limited in reliability, measurement error and responsiveness. Researchers and clinicians should be aware of these limitations, particularly when comparing different levels of PA and monitoring PA levels changes over time in those with osteoarthritis.
3D formulation of the deformable discrete element method
Authors: Rojek Jerzy , Nosewicz Szymon , Thoeni Klaus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work presents a 3D extension of the deformable discrete element method (DDEM) developed previously for 2D problems. The 3D formulation employs spherical particles. The particle deformation is made up of a global and local deformation mode. The global mode is assumed to be produced by uniform stress due to the contact forces. Particle deformability yields a nonlocal contact model, in which one contact between particles is influenced by contacts with other particles. It also leads to the formation of new contacts in the particle assembly. The DDEM affects the behavior of the granular material at the macroscopic level and gives new possibilities in material modeling by the discrete element method (DEM). The new algorithm is verified on a unconfined uniaxial compression test of a cuboid specimen discretized with equal‐size bonded particles aligned in a simple cubic pattern using an analytical solution. Enhanced modeling capabilities are presented by simulating cylindrical specimens discretized with a nonuniform size of bonded particles. The micro–macro relationships for elastic parameters are obtained. It is shown that the DDEM extends the range of the Poisson's ratio achievable with the DEM. Additional simulations are performed to determine the stability limits of the DDEM.
Prostate Cancer: Community Education and Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Carthon Bradley , Sibold Hannah C. , Blee Shannon , D. Pentz Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProstate cancer remains the leading diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death among American men. Despite improvements in screening modalities, diagnostics, and treatment, disparities exist among Black men in this country. The primary objective of this systematic review is to describe the reported disparities in screening, diagnostics, and treatments as well as efforts to alleviate these disparities through community and educational outreach efforts. Critical review took place of retrospective, prospective, and socially descriptive data of English language publications in the PubMed database. Despite more advanced presentation, lower rates of screening and diagnostic procedures, and low rates of trial inclusion, subanalyses have shown that various modalities of therapy are quite effective in Black populations. Moreover, patients treated on prospective clinical trials and within equal-access care environments have shown similar outcomes regardless of race. Additional prospective studies and enhanced participation in screening, diagnostic and genetic testing, clinical trials, and community-based educational endeavors are important to ensure equitable progress in prostate cancer for all patients.Implications for PracticeNotable progress has been made with therapeutic advances for prostate cancer, but racial disparities continue to exist. Differing rates in screening and utility in diagnostic procedures play a role in these disparities. Black patients often present with more advanced disease, higher prostate-specific antigen, and other adverse factors, but outcomes can be attenuated in trials or in equal-access care environments. Recent data have shown that multiple modalities of therapy are quite effective in Black populations. Novel and bold hypotheses to increase inclusion in clinical trial, enhance decentralized trial efforts, and enact successful models of patient navigation and community partnership are vital to ensure continued progress in prostate cancer disparities.