bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4. Problematic Overlap of Algonquin Park Eco-Tourism and Most Suitable Habitat for the Protection of Black Bear Biodiversity
Authors: Barsony Celeste , Bishop Elise , Mulveney Jill , Patel Aasif 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of our study is to identify problems arising or that have arisen within the biodiversity of the Algonquin to Adirondacks (A2A) region caused by ecotourism. Our full study will include examining three different species preferred habitat ranges and the possible anthropocentric impacts imposed on these habitats and biodiversity. Specifically, we look at the black bear (Ursus americanus) within the region of the Highway 60 corridor in Algonquin Park during the busiest months of the park (spring and summer). The main methodology for this study is using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) conduct a suitability analysis for each species, and then identify areas of overlap with Algonquin Park Eco-Tourism. By studying the impacts of Eco-Tourism on the bear populations, and their most suitable habitat regions, we hypothesize that ecotourism will have dangerous impacts on their habitat ranges and biodiversity potentials. To correct this, we will suggest specific times in the season to avoid using the said Eco-Tourism campsites, portage routes, trails and outpost cabins.
11. The Gender Wage Gap of Recent University Graduates
Authors: Thornton Annabel 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research was to question whether the behavioural tendencies of men and women could help explain the gender wage gap of recent university graduates. It was conducted after discovering that a 2013 study found that even once accounting for observable characteristics such as age, experience, industry, occupation, and field of study, female graduates were still earning 6-14% less than their male counterparts. Using the willingness of a graduate to gamble a current job offer for a potentially better job offer in the future as a proxy for risk, this research investigates the impact risk preferences have on the gender wage gap. More specifically, it attempts to calculate how much of the observed wage gap can be attributed to the greater risk aversion of women.
Our data was from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Using a McCall Job Search model and an MLE, we found that women take approximately 4.5 fewer weeks to accept a job, accept significantly lower starting salaries, and are systematically offered lower salaries than their male counterparts. Furthermore, we found that women have an Arrow-Pratt coefficient almost 1.25 times that of men. These results suggest that women are more willing to accept lower wage positions offered to them today because they are less willing to gamble that a higher wage position will come along tomorrow. Moreover, they propose that this female unwillingness to gamble can explain up to a quarter of the difference in the wages accepted by men and women.
14. Radiation Therapy Planning for Skin Cancer: Using 3D Surface Scanning to Localize Tumour
Authors: Ilina Anna 
Published: April 2021

Orthovoltage radiation therapy (ORT) is a non‑invasive treatment often used for patients with skin cancer, which is characterized by shallow tumours visible at the surface of the skin. Currently there is no commercially available treatment planning system for ORT. The first step of treatment planning is localizing the tumour in a computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient. We propose using 3D surface scanning to obtain a coloured and textured image of the patient, from which the tumour can be identified. The contour of the tumour can then be overlaid onto the CT image, for planning delivery of radiation therapy. This process was demonstrated using a male mannequin model, with a red sticker on the nose representing a skin tumour. A coloured and textured image of the face was obtained using a handheld 3D surface scanner [Figure 1]. The surface scan was aligned to a CT image of the mannequin head using a two‑step registration process, with a resulting error of 0.25mm. The tumour could then be easily segmented from the coloured surface scan by following the outline of the lesion. The tumour contour was extended in depth to 1cm, to encompass subdermal cancerous tissue in the treatment volume, and saved with the CT image for treatment planning [Figure 2]. This workflow is the first step to an open-source treatment planning system for ORT, which will allow physicians to deliver more precise treatment using ORT. This project was done in collaboration with the Kingston General Hospital.
Topology and FEA modeling and optimization of a patient-specific zygoma implant
Authors: Cholkar Abhijit , Kinahan David , Brabazon Dermot 
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing has proven to be a very beneficial production technology in the medical and healthcare industries. While existing for over four decades, recent work has seen great improvements in the quality of products; particularly in medical devices such as implants. Improved customization reduced operating time and increased cost-effectiveness associated with Metal AM for these products offers a new value proposition. This paper investigates and evaluates modelling methods for the zygoma bone (human jawbone) and explores the most suitable material and optimum design for this critical biomedical implant. This paper proposes an innovative and efficient pre-process methodology that includes modelling, design validation, topological optimization, and numerical analysis. The method includes the generation of the model using reverse engineering of CT scan data and a topology optimization technique which makes the implant lightweight without causing excessive stress concentration. Static structural Finite Element Analysis was conducted to test three different biocompatible materials (Ti6Al4V, stainless steel 316L and CoCr alloys) which are commonly available for metal additive manufacturing. The stresses and conditions in the analysis were that of the human mastication process and all the implant design were tested with the three material types. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum design which was found to result in the highest mass reduction of 25% with Ti6Al4V as the implant material.
Особенности метаболизма углеводного и антиоксидантного обменов в опухолевой ткани и сыворотке крови при раке толстой кишки
Authors: Зуйков С. А. , Шатова О. П. , Полунин Г. Е. 
Published: April 2021

Цель: изучить активности ферментов углеводного обмена и антиоксидантной защиты (АОЗ) в опухолевых тканях и в сыворотке крови больных раком толстой кишки (РТК) в зависимости от клинической стадии заболевания.Материалы и методы: исследование изучаемых показателей проводили в сыворотке крови и гомогенатах тканей (опухолевой ткани и нетрансформированной слизистой оболочке). Было обследовано 70 больных РТК с различной стадией заболевания (I–IV стадия). Гистологической формой РТК у всех пациентов была аденокарцинома. Возраст всех обследуемых был от 40 до 80 лет, чаще болели мужчины. Исследованы активности ферментов углеводного обмена лактатдегидрогеназа (ЛДГ) и глюкозо‑6-фосфатдегидрогеназа (Г6ФДГ), а также ферменты АОЗ — супероксиддисмутаза (СОД) и глутатионпероксидаза (ГПО). Методом исследования ферментативных активностей была спектрофотометрия.Результаты: у больных РТК с III–IV стадией в сыворотке крови и гомогенатах тканей установлено повышение активностей ферментов углеводного обмена ЛДГ и Г6ФДГ относительно больных с I–II стадией, тогда как в ферментативном звене АОЗ наблюдались: снижение сывороточной и повышение тканевой СОД, на фоне повышении ГПО в сыворотке и снижении в тканях.У больных на начальных стадиях РТК показатели сывороточной активности ЛДГ тесно и положительно коррелируют с таковыми показателями как в опухолевой, так и в смежных тканях. Активность Г6ФДГ в сыворотке крови обследованных больных статистически значимо коррелирует только с соответствующим показателем в ткани опухоли. У больных на начальных стадиях РТК показатели сывороточной активности ЛДГ тесно и положительно коррелируют с таковыми показателями как в опухолевой, так и в смежных тканях. Активность Г6ФДГ в сыворотке крови обследованных больных статистически значимо коррелирует только с соответствующим показателем в ткани опухоли. При этом сывороточные ферменты АОЗ имеют обратную корреляцию с тканевыми.Выводы: полученные результаты указывают на связь активности ферментов углеводного обмена ЛДГ и Г6ФДГ, а также ферментов АОЗ (СОД и ГПО) с показателями стадийности рака и свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейшего углубленного исследования метаболического профиля гликолиза, пентозофосфатного пути и АОЗ при РТК.
Disability status due to occupational diseases: Ukraine, 2015-2918
Authors: Borуsova I.S. 
Published: April 2021

The economic burden of disability due to occupational diseases is significant: the economic losses "due to health problems related to work" in the developed world exceed 1,25 trillion US dollars and amount to 4 to 6% of GDP. A large number of employees work in Ukraine in unfavorable conditions. The study analyzes the dynamics of disability due to occupational diseases in Ukraine for the period from 2015 to 2018 using the example of Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions. The results of the study proved that the indicators of disability due to occupational diseases in these areas have a pronounced upward trend. It has been determined that the number of injured or aggrieved persons who received occupational diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions is 78.5% of the total number of those in Ukraine with occupational diseases. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to occupational diseases increased in 2015-2018, increased in these areas and amounted in absolute numbers: in the Dnipropetrovsk region – 906 people (2018) against 705 people (2016); in the Lviv region – 273 people against 239 people, respectively; in Donetsk region – 193 people against 108 people, respectively. Primary disability rate for 2015-2018 period increased by 28.5% in Dnepropetrovsk to almost 50% in Donetsk region. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to work injury in the Dnipropetrovsk region was 159 people (2018) against 123 people (2016); in the Lviv region: 42 people against 11 people, respectively; in the Donetsk region: 28 people against 11 people, respectively. The rate of primary disability due to work injury also increased by 29.2% in the Dnipropetrovsk region and by 53% in the Donetsk region. The number of persons with disabilities recognized for the first time depended on age and length of service in hazardous conditions. Persons with 10-19 years of work experience in 2015-2018 accounted for 89.2%. According to our data, 50.1% of workers aged 40 to 49 years are recognized as persons with disabilities, 40% – from 50 to 59 years of age. It is important that in 2018 in 5% of cases, an occupational disease caused disability among workers at the age of 39. In 2018 (as in 2016 and in 2017) in Ukraine, the main conditions that resulted in occupational diseases were: imperfection of mechanisms and working tools – 23.9%; the imperfection of the technological process - 19.5% and the ineffectiveness of the personal protective equipment – 13.5% of their total number. In the structure of disability due to occupational diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system occupied the 1st place; 2nd place – respiratory diseases; 3rd place – injuries and poisoning.
Malabsorption syndrome and changes in concentration of endogenous antimicrobial peptids and cytokines in hepatic echinococcosis
Authors: Gasimova K. F. 
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study the levels of some cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and endogenous antimicrobial peptides (zonulin, calprotectin and lactoferrin) in patients, suffering hepatic echinococcosis, and to follow-up their changes in dynamics of postoperative treatment.
Materials and methods. There were examined 29 patients, ageing 35 - 65 yrs old, operated for hepatic echinococcosis. In accordance to scheme of the treatment conducted after laparoscopic echinococcectomy the patients were distributed into two Groups: the first one - 13 patients, who obtained the standard treatment, and the second - 16 patients, to whom, besides the standard treatment, preparation for immunocorrection was prescribed. Antibodies towards the echinococcus IgG, concentration of endogenous antimicrobal peptides and cytokines in the blood serum were studied, using immuno-enzymal analysis in dynamics.
Results. There was established, that in preoperative period in patients, suffering hepatic echinococcosis, high levels of the studied inflammation mediators are revealed, comparing with the indices in healthy persons. Conduction of postoperative treatment promotes a staged lowering of the antimicrobal peptides and cytokines concentrations. Standard treatment is less effective in lowering of the inflammation mediators levels, than combination of conventional treatment with immunocorrection.
Conclusion. In the patients, suffering hepatic echinococcosis, the levels of cytokines and antimicrobal peptides are raised. Combined treatment with immunocorrection after echinococcusectomy leads to significant lowering of the inflammation mediators levels.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK AVERSI DALAM MEMODIFIKASI PERILAKU MENYIMPANG MURID AUTIS KELAS DASAR IV DI SD INPRES MACCINI BARU MAKASSAR
Authors: Wijaya Andhar , Usman Usman 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan teknik aversi untuk memodifikasi perilaku menyimpang murid autis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen subjek tunggal (single subjek research) dengan desain penelitian A-B-A. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah murid autis perempuan berusia 10 tahun yang bersekolah di SD Inpres Maccini Baru Makassar. Adapun sumber datanya diperoleh dari bentuk observasi , wawancara, perlakuan (treatment) dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi menerapkan teknik aversi berpengaruh terhadap penurunan perilaku menyimpang pada murid autis. Hasil tersebut dibuktikan dengan penerapan teknik aversi dalam memodifikasi perilaku menyimpang : 1) pada baseline 1 (A1) stabil dengan persentase 100 %, 2), intervensi (B) stabil dengan persentase 57, 75 % , 3) baseline 2 (A2) stabil dengan persentase 40 %, 4) analisis antar kondisi tidak terjadi data tumpang tindih. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan teknik aversi dapat mengurangi perilaku menyimpang murid autis kelas dasar IV di SD Inpres Maccini Baru Makassar
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Catatan Khusus Berkarakter
Authors: . Prawoto 
Published: April 2021

Setiap tindakan mendidik selalu memiliki demensi pembentukan karakter dalam diri siswa (Albertus D. K., 2015a). Sebagai guru matematika masih belum dapat mengendalikan secara baik terutama tentang perilaku siswa tanpa berkaitan dengan mata pelajaran dengan buku catatan khusus seperti halnya jurnal mengajar. Buku catatan khusus siswa dapat untuk mencatat siswa yang telah mempresentasikan soal matematika di depan kelas dan menandatangani buku catatan khusus tersebut sebagai catatan positif sebagai perhatian guru, sering kali untuk mencatat hal negatif siswa yang memerlukan tindak lanjut. Catatan khusus siswa menjadi motivasi untuk berlomba mempresentasikan ditandai dengan tanda tangan siswa. Menjadi keharusan pembelajaran matematika dapat menumbuhkan dan menguatkan karakter kreatif, gigih, cinta damai, toleran, dan, rasa ingin tahu (Sumardyono, 2004).
Terinspirasi Art-ong Jumsai Na Ayudhya dalam Bukunya berjudul Integration of Human Values in Sciences and Mathematics perlunya memaparkan beberapa ide nilai-nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika yang harus terus menerus menuangkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan kepada anak.
Karakter yang dapat ditumbuh-kuatkan dengan cara pandang fallibilist antara lain: kreatif, toleran, peduli lingkungan, demokratif, gigih, religius, cermat, argumentatif, dan masih banyak lagi. Filsafat fallibilist juga sesuai dengan berbagai deskripsi matematika yang telah dibahas di bagian sebelumnya. Karakteristik matematika yang beragam berpotensi untuk menumbuhkan dan menguatkan karakter baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Dari dua golongan besar cara pandang matematika: absolutis dan fallibilis, maka cara pandang fallibilis dianggap lebih berpotensi untuk menumbuhkan karakter melalui pembelajaran matematika.
A prospective study of quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy
Authors: Xiao Canhua , Miller Andrew H. , Torres Mylin A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of radiation therapy on quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer patients during and until 1 year after radiation therapy treatment.
Methods and materials: Thirty-nine breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery were enrolled in a prospective study before whole breast radiation therapy (50 Gy plus a 10-Gy boost). No patient received chemotherapy. Data were collected before, at week 6 of radiation therapy, and 6 weeks and 1 year after radiation therapy. The primary outcome variable was quality of life (QOL), measured by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Version 2 (SF-36). Risk factors potentially associated with total SF-36 scores and its physical and mental health component summary scores were also examined, including age, race, marital status, smoking history, menopausal status, endocrine treatment, cancer stage, sleep abnormalities (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and perceived stress levels (assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale). Mixed effect modeling was used to observe QOL changes during and after radiation therapy.
Results: Total SF-36 scores did not change significantly during and up to 1 year after radiation therapy compared with baseline measures. Nevertheless, increased body mass index (BMI) and increased perceived stress were predictive of reduced total SF-36 scores over time (P Z .0064, and P < .0001, respectively). In addition, increased BMI was predictive of reduced physical component summary scores of the SF-36 (P Z .0011), whereas increased perceived stress was predictive of worse mental component summary scores (P < .0001). Other proposed potential risk factors including skin toxicity from radiation therapy were not significant.
Conclusions: Radiation therapy did not worsen QOL in breast cancer patients. However, preradiation therapy patient characteristics including BMI and perceived stress may be used to identify women who may experience decreased physical and mental function during and up to 1 year after radiation therapy.
Copyright 2016 the Authors. Published by EJCS on behalf of Uptodate In Medicine LLC Health Sciences Publishing. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Palliative care and hospice services outside of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadov Jeyhun , Seyidov Nabil Z , Babazade Sabina , Gafarov Lutfi , Musayev Tofig 
Published: April 2021

Palliativ qayğı ağır xəstəliyi olan xəstələr və onların ailələrinin mümkün həyat keyfiyyətinin dəstəklənməsi və əzab-əziyyətin profilaktikası və azaldılmasına yönəlmiş multidissiplinar tibbi ixtisasdır. Palliativ qayğının əsasını simptomların menecmenti təşkil edir. Bu növ qayğı zamanı diqqətin cəlb olunduğu məsələlərə aşağıdakılar aiddir: xəstənin önəm verdiyi mənəvi dəyərlər və istəklər əsasında qayğının məqsəd və vəzifələrinin müəyyənləşdirilməsi; xəstə və ona göstərilən qayğıda iştirak edən bütün şəxslər arasında davamlı ünsiyyətin təmin edilməsi; xəstələrə və onların ailələrinə psixososial, mənəvi, dini və praktik dəstəyin göstərilməsi; və bütün spektr üzrə qayğının koordinasiyası.
Hospis və Palliativ Təbabət ABŞ-da, Kanadada, İngiltərədə, Avstraliyada və bir çox digər ölkələrdə rəsmi tanınan tibb sahəsidir və ixtisasıdır. Əksər Avropa ölkələrində palliativ qayğının sertifikasiyası və lisenziyalaşdırılması prosesi xeyli müddətdir ki, başlayıb. Lakin dünyanın digər ölkələrində palliativ qayğı sistemi ya mövcud deyil, ya da onun keyfiyyəti və əhatəliyi çox məhduddur. Tədqiqatların birindən müəyyən edilmişdir ki, palliativ qayğı xidmətlərinə ehtiyacı olan xəstələrin yalnız 8%-ı bu xidmətlərdən bəhrələnir.
An Experimental Study on Concrete’s Durability and Mechanical Characteristics Subjected to Different Curing Regimes
Authors: Borrero Edgar L. S. , Farhangi Visar , Jadidi Kazem , Karakouzian Moses 
Published: April 2021

Considering a constant demand in construction of concrete structures to develop novel approaches for predicting the concert’s properties, a host of investigations were performed on concrete’s mechanical properties and durability under various curing regimes. However, few studies were concerned with evaluating the concrete’s durability using non-destructive concrete surface resistivity tests by applying various curing conditions. The present study compares the influence of different curing regimes on durability and compressive strength of concrete to recommend the most effective curing conditions on concrete’s characteristics. Five curing conditions including ambient, laboratory, dry oven, wet oven and 7-days were analyzed. Accordingly, a non-destructive concrete surface resistivity test was performed on the concrete specimens using hand-held Wenner Resipod probe meter as a reliable and rapid approach. To analyze specimen’s durability, results of the surface sensitivity tests were correlated to chloride ion penetration rate based on the cylinder specimen dimensions and the degree of chloride ion penetration. The compressive strength tests were conducted on the specimens after 7, 28 and 56 days to determine the effect of curing conditions at different ages. Based on the reported outcomes, applying the wet oven curing regime results in higher compressive strength and durability compared to the other curing conditions. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091681 Full Text: PDF