bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing progress on the coverage of interventions in the first 1000 days in India: role of national programs
Authors: Avula Rasmi , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Christopher Anita , Gune Soyra , Bhatia Neena , Chauhan Alka , Dwivedi L K , Kapur Avani , Pedgaonkar Sarang , Shukla Ritwik , Chakrabarti Suman , Singh Shri Kant , Menon Purnima 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundHigh coverage of nutrition-specific interventions is critical to meet global nutrition targets, and it is imperative to understand how to attain it. We examined trends and inequalities in the coverage of interventions in India and the role of the National Nutrition Mission (NNM) in achieving improvements.MethodsWe conducted trends and equity analysis of 30 interventions using two rounds of National Family Health Survey data (2015–2016, n=1 78 874, and 2019–2021, n=1 70 697). We also compared coverage between states that received incentives and monitoring under NNM and those that did not. We reviewed programme documents and grey literature to construct a policy timeline to trace pathways to coverage improvement and consulted with stakeholders to confirm interpretation of findings.FindingsBetween 2016 and 2021, coverage improved significantly for nearly all interventions (~1–22 percentage points (pp) during pregnancy, ~7–20 pp during delivery/postpartum and~5–17 pp during early childhood). Improvements in coverage were higher among the poor and in rural areas compared with the rich and in urban areas, respectively; wealth and residence gaps narrowed for most interventions. These improvements could be traced to community mobilisation, technology and monitoring under NNM. Improvements in coverage of growth monitoring and counselling were higher in states that received additional incentives and monitoring under NNM. Stakeholders concurred that the improvements in coverage were likely driven by NNM.InterpretationFocused policy attention and programmatic efforts improved coverage and reduced inequities indicating an inclusive approach. Persistent coverage gaps for certain interventions require further inquiry.
Work-related temporary hearing loss and associated factors among textile industry workers in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yirdaw Atalay Tadele , Abere Giziew , Belay Azanaw Asega , Kinfe Beletu , Worede Eshetu Abera 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess occupational noise exposure levels, prevalence of temporary hearing loss and associated factors among textile industry workers in Amhara region, Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2022. Participants were selected via a simple random sampling technique.SettingTextile industry workers in Bahir Dar and Kombolcha.ParticipantsA total of 413 study participants were included in the data analysis.Procedures and analysisThe data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Area noise exposure levels in different work sections were measured using a sound level meter. Data analysis was done using Stata Version 14.0 software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with temporary hearing loss. Adjusted OR with 95% CI and p-value<0.05 were used to determine statistical significance.ResultsA total of 413 workers participated in the study with a response rate of 97.9%. The age of respondents ranged from 22 to 59 years (median age 32 years). The prevalence of work-related temporary hearing loss was 38.7% (95% CI 34.14% to 43.6%). Weaving department (AOR=6.6, 95% CI 3.06 to 14.3) and higher sound pressure level (>90 dBA) (AOR=7.9; 95% CI 2.6 to 23.7) were significantly associated with work-related temporary hearing loss among textile workers.ConclusionsThe prevalence of work-related temporary hearing loss among textile industry workers was high. Weaving department and higher sound pressure level were significantly associated with work-related temporary hearing loss. Implementation of noise reduction measures, particularly in the weaving department, should be prioritised. Provision and enforcement of the use of hearing protection devices and establishment of regular hearing screening programmes to monitor workers' auditory health are advisable.
AI-assisted detection for chest X-rays (AID-CXR): a multi-reader multi-case study protocol
Authors: Khan Farhaan , Das Indrajeet , Kotnik Marusa , Wing Louise , Van Beek Edwin , Murchison John , Ahn Jong Seok , Lee Sang Hyup , Seth Ambika , Espinosa Morgado Abdala Trinidad , Fu Howell , Novak Alex , Salik Nabeeha , Campbell Alan , Shah Ruchir , Gleeson Fergus , Ather Sarim 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionA chest X-ray (CXR) is the most common imaging investigation performed worldwide. Advances in machine learning and computer vision technologies have led to the development of several artificial intelligence (AI) tools to detect abnormalities on CXRs, which may expand diagnostic support to a wider field of health professionals. There is a paucity of evidence on the impact of AI algorithms in assisting healthcare professionals (other than radiologists) who regularly review CXR images in their daily practice.AimsTo assess the utility of an AI-based CXR interpretation tool in assisting the diagnostic accuracy, speed and confidence of a varied group of healthcare professionals.Methods and analysisThe study will be conducted using 500 retrospectively collected inpatient and emergency department CXRs from two UK hospital trusts. Two fellowship-trained thoracic radiologists with at least 5 years of experience will independently review all studies to establish the ground truth reference standard with arbitration from a third senior radiologist in case of disagreement. The Lunit INSIGHT CXR tool (Seoul, Republic of Korea) will be applied and compared against the reference standard. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) will be calculated for 10 abnormal findings: pulmonary nodules/mass, consolidation, pneumothorax, atelectasis, calcification, cardiomegaly, fibrosis, mediastinal widening, pleural effusion and pneumoperitoneum. Performance testing will be carried out with readers from various clinical professional groups with and without the assistance of Lunit INSIGHT CXR to evaluate the utility of the algorithm in improving reader accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, AUROC), confidence and speed (paired sample t-test). The study is currently ongoing with a planned end date of 31 December 2024.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the UK Healthcare Research Authority. The use of anonymised retrospective CXRs has been authorised by Oxford University Hospital’s information governance teams. The results will be presented at relevant conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberProtocol ID 310995-B (awaiting approval), ClinicalTrials.gov
Mapping an evidence-based end-of-life care framework for older adults in Chinese nursing homes: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Tu Yuehua , Chew Boon How , Gacasan Eva Marie 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionEnd-of-life care is essential for older adults aged ≥60, particularly those residing in long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes, which are known for their home-like environments compared with hospitals. Due to potential limitations in medical resources, collaboration with external healthcare providers is crucial to ensure comprehensive services within these settings. Previous studies have primarily focused on team-based models for end-of-life care in hospitals and home-based settings. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence on practices in such facilities, particularly for Chinese older adults. The aim of this scoping review is to map the existing literature and inform the development of an appropriate care framework for end-of-life care in nursing homes. The focus of this article will be on the scope of services, guidelines for decision making, roles within interdisciplinary teams, and the practical feasibility of care provision.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted across nine electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data. The search will identify literature published in English and Chinese from January 2012 onwards. Articles will be selected based on their relevance to older adults aged ≥60 with disabilities or life-threatening chronic conditions receiving end-of-life care in nursing homes or similar settings. The data extraction process will be guided by the Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association model (CHPCA) and the Respectful Death model. Qualitative data analysis will be performed using a framework method and thematic analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches, with three reviewers participating in the review process.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because the data for this review is obtained from selected publicly available articles. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. Furthermore, the findings will be shared with policymakers and healthcare professionals engaged in end-of-life care to inform practice and decision making.Study registrationThe review protocol has been registered on osf.io (https://osf.io/3u4mp).
Carer strain in post-stroke emotionalism: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Broomfield Niall , Walters Matthew , West Robert M 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesPost-stroke emotionalism (PSE) is a common, under-researched neurologic symptom of stroke, characterised by frequent crying episodes not under usual social control. Currently, there are no data on carer strain in the context of emotionalism after stroke. We aimed to explore the degree of carer strain in carers of individuals with diagnosed PSE compared with carers of individuals with stroke but no PSE to examine whether carer strain varies with particular characteristics of the cared for individual (patient age, sex, social deprivation, stroke type, functional status, mood status) and to quantify the impact of PSE on carer strain, after accounting for other factors.DesignCross-sectional observation study.SettingNine secondary care stroke units in Scotland, UK.Participants102 informants of people with stroke.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Modified Carer Strain Index was completed at 6 months post-stroke as part of the Testing Emotionalism After Recent Stroke (TEARS) longitudinal cohort study between 1 October 2015 and 30 September 2018. Stroke survivor diagnostic status was determined using TEARS-Diagnostic Interview based on published, widely accepted diagnostic criteria of emotionalism.ResultsThere was little evidence of association between carer strain and sex, age, deprivation level or stroke type of the cared for individual. There was strong evidence that carer strain was associated with both increased functional dependence post-stroke (−0.30 to −0.02, p=0.026) and presence of PSE (0.16 to 1.73, p=0.019).ConclusionsEven after accounting for increased functional dependence, our study data indicates that caring in a PSE context may significantly increase carer strain, comparable to a six-point reduction on the Barthel Index.Trial registration numberNRS Stroke Research Network ID 18980.
Optimisation of services to prevent dental caries for school-aged children in China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Wang Lidan , Chen Zhu , Chen Sixuan , Jin Xinyu , Hu Lu , Jiang Jiacheng , Yu Hong , Xu Jianguang , Xu Wenhua 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyse the preferences of guardians of school-aged children for children’s caries prevention services (CPS) and their willingness to pay (WTP) for different levels of attributes.DesignFour key attributes were identified through a literature review and expert consultations: preventive service time, preventive effectiveness, distance (driving time to service institution) and service cost (out-of-pocket for CPS). A D-efficient design was used to create a discrete choice experiment questionnaire, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews.SettingData collection was conducted between July 2021 and January 2022 in Anhui, China.ParticipantsGuardians (785) of children aged 3–12 years participated.Main outcome measuresA mixed-logit model was used to estimate preferences and WTP for different attribute levels, and the preference heterogeneity was assessed using a latent class logit model.ResultsPreventive effectiveness was the most important attribute, followed by service cost, preventive service time and distance. Guardians preferred CPS with over 90% preventive effectiveness, a distance of 10–25 min, services offered during vacations and lower service cost. Guardians were willing to pay 409 Chinese yuan (CNY) for higher effectiveness, 84 CNY for shorter distances and 87 CNY for services offered during vacation. Guardians with a college education or higher and females prioritise preventive effectiveness, while guardians who had children with a caries history and who had children with better oral health status preferred CPS during vacation.ConclusionsAll four attributes influenced guardians’ preferences for CPS, with preventive effectiveness being the most important. Guardians were willing to pay extra money for better CPS, and preferences varied according to individual characteristics. These findings provide a reference for policy-makers to provide personalised, demand-based CPS.
VRx@Home protocol: A virtual reality at-home intervention for persons living with dementia and their care partners
Authors: Saryazdi Raheleh , Appel Lora , Lewis-Fung Samantha , Carsault Lou-Anne , Qi Di , Garcia-Giler Eduardo , Campos Jennifer L 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly used by researchers and healthcare professionals as a therapeutic intervention to improve the quality of life of persons living with dementia (PLwD). However, most VR interventions to date have mainly been explored in long-term or community care settings, with fewer being explored at home. Setting is important, given that the majority of PLwD live at home and are cared for by their family care partners. One of the challenges affecting PLwD and care partner relationships is barriers in communication, which can lead to social isolation and poor quality of life for both parties. Thus, the goal of the proposed project is to explore whether an immersive, multisensory VR intervention can facilitate communication between PLwD and their care partners and, in turn, enhance personal relationships and improve well-being.Methods and analysisThirty dyads comprised of PLwD and their family/friend care partners will participate in this at-home intervention. Their interactions will be recorded as they experience a series of 360° videos together (eg, concert, travel) either using a VR headset (PLwD) with a paired tablet (care partner) or using only a tablet together. The two conditions will allow us to compare immersive VR technology to more common non-immersive tablet-based technology. The study will begin with at-home training and baseline data collection. The intervention will then take place over a 4-week period, with the two conditions (VR vs tablet-only) experienced 2 weeks each. A comprehensive set of measures will be employed to assess the quality and quantity of dyadic interactions, such as verbal/non-verbal language (eg, informativity, gestures) and self-reported measures of well-being and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was granted by the University Health Network (#21–5701). Findings will be shared with all stakeholders through peer-reviewed publications and presentations.Clinical registrationThis study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06568211).
Diagnostic accuracy of screening tests for eating disorders in adolescents and adults in primary health care: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Thiala Santos Duarte , de Santana Mônica Leila Portela , Queiroz Valterlinda Alves de Oliveira , da Silva Karine Brito Beck , Martins Poliana Cardoso , Pereira Emile Miranda , Costa Priscila Ribas de Farias 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionEating disorders can be irreversible and, in many cases, fatal. However, the symptoms full recovery is possible, and early diagnosis is one, of many, important factors for the success of treatment. In this sense, the screening of risk behaviours arises as a relevant alternative to improve the prognosis of patients. This review will analyse the diagnostic accuracy of self-administered screening tests for eating disorders in adolescent and adult users of primary healthcare.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be performed by independent reviewers. The databases used will be Medline, Embase, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database and Google Scholar without restrictions on the year of publication and language. Studies that compared the results of self-administered screening tests for eating disorders in adolescents and adults in primary care with the results of clinical interviews will be included. Data extraction will consist of the identification of the publication, study and participant characteristics, general information about the tools and data on the diagnostic accuracy properties. The risk of bias in the studies will be assessed via the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Qualitative data will be presented in narrative form. The meta-analysis will be conducted via the random effects model with the metadata command of Stata. The summary statistics for sensitivity and specificity, as well as their 95% CI, will be generated.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review is based on published literature; therefore, submission to an ethics committee is not necessary. The dissemination of the study will be carried out through technical reports, scientific articles, posters, meeting presentations, specific forums, national congresses and international media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023476156.
Mapping evidence on the regulations affecting accessibility, availability and management of snake antivenom globally: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Majeed Ramsha , Bester Janette , Kgarosi Kabelo , Strydom Morné 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSnakebite envenomation has been declared a neglected tropical disease by the WHO since 2017. The disease is endemic in affected areas due to the lack of availability and access to antivenom, despite it being the standard treatment for snakebites. This challenge is perpetuated by the shortcomings of the regulatory systems and policies governing the management of antivenoms. This study aims to map the evidence about regulations of snake antivenom globally and identify gaps in the literature. This protocol provides an overview of the methodology and analysis which will be used to conduct the scoping review.Method and analysisThe scoping review follows the guidelines from the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews and will be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy was developed with assistance from a health sciences librarian, and the search was done using six relevant databases. The databases used are PubMed, SCOPUS, ProQuest Central, Africa Wide Web, Academic Search Output and Web of Science. Articles in the English language and between 2009 and 2023 were included. The search results were collated, duplicates were removed and results were exported to Rayyan (https://www.rayyan.ai/) for screening. The initial screening for titles and abstracts is currently in progress, and thereafter the second round of screening will be done for full texts. Data extraction will be done using Google Forms. The results of the review will be synthesised using quantitative and qualitative tools.Ethics and disseminationThis review will provide guidance for studies investigating regulatory gaps globally and inform future policies governing antivenom management. Ethics approval for the complete postgraduate project was obtained from the University of Pretoria Research Ethics Committee. The review will be published in a scientific journal, and findings will also be disseminated using conference presentations.Trial registrationThis review has been registered on Open Science Framework (OSF):https://osf.io/54zja.
Economic burden of acute kidney injury in children and adults: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ulrich Emma Heydari , Lillywhite Aspen , Alobaidi Rashid , Morgan Catherine , Paulden Michael , Zappitelli Michael , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalised adults and children and is associated with significantly increased mortality and worse short-term and long-term outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the cost associated with AKI.Methods and analysisThis health economic analysis will be performed using systematic search of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane Library from 2009 to the present (search completed on 27 May 2024). Two reviewers will independently complete study selection, data extraction and bias assessment. Inclusion criteria will be randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (cohort or case–control) from all countries of hospitalised adults and children. The exposure will be AKI based on definitions using serum creatinine and/or urine output criteria, relative to patients without AKI. The primary outcome studied will be the cost of index hospitalisation associated with AKI episode. Other secondary outcomes will include the cost of intensive care unit admission during index hospitalisation, direct costs related to inpatient and outpatient care) and indirect (time) costs related to loss of productivity. Pooled random-effect meta-analysis ORs with 95% CIs will be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required due to study methodology. The authors have no competing interests to report. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications according to guidelines by the Cochrane and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024512658.