bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avrupa Birliği’nin Rusya-Gürcistan ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışmalarına Karşı Tutumu: Almanya ve Fransa’nın Liderlikleri
Authors: AVAR Yusuf 
Published: April 2021

Öz
Amaç: AB üye devlet sayısı ve karmaşık kurumsal yapısından dolayı AB karar alma mekanizmasında çeşitli sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Karar alma mekanizmasında yaşanılan bu sorun, AB’nin kendi bölgesinde şahit olduğu çatışmalara karşı gösterdiği tutumu da etkilemektedir. Aynı problem AB içinde liderlik sorununu da doğurmaktadır. Bu iddiayı sağlam temellere dayandırmak için çalışma AB’nin Rusya ile yaşadığı sorunları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanmış ve örnek olaylar üzerinden (Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışması) AB’nin liderlik anlayışı incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra Gürcistan ve Ukrayna yönlerini Rusya’dan ziyade Batıya ve özellikle de AB’ye dönmüşlerdir. 2008 yılında da Gürcistan, Güney Osetya ve Abhazya bölgelerinden kaynaklanan sorunlardan dolayı Rusya ile direk karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Fransa AB içinde Rusya’ya karşı ortak tutumda AB içinde liderlik etmiş olsa da istenilen başarı sağlanamamıştır. Ukrayna ise 2013 yılının sonlarında ise özellikle Kırım ve Donbas bölgelerinden dolayı da Rusya ile çatışma yaşamıştır. Bu krizde AB içinde liderliği Almanya üstlenmiş ama istenilen başarı yine de sağlanamamıştır. Kendi yakın çevresinde etkili olmayan AB’nin uluslararası politikada aktörlüğü bu durumlardan dolayı oldukça tartışılmıştır.

Sınırlılıklar: Rusya, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna ile çeşitli sorunlar ve çatışmalar yaşamıştır ve bu durum AB’nin kendi güvenliği içinde tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu yüzden örnek olayların sadece Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışması olması çalışmanın sınırlarıdır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Araştırmanın özgün değeri; Fransa ve Almanya’nın liderlik anlayışını incelemesi ve buradan hareketle AB’nin Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışmasında liderlik anlayışını incelemesidir.
Personality, social relationships and depression in post menopause women with early stage breast cancer: a pilot study for a secondary prevention towards a positive aging.
Authors: Vespa Anna , Gagliardi Cristina , Spatuzzi Roberta , Ottaviani Marica , Gattafoni Pisana , Fabbietti Paolo , Giulietti Maria Velia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of our study is to establish whether a difference exists in the personality intrapsychic processes, SN and SS, ASQ-anxiety, and CDQ-depression of fifty-eight breast cancer(BC) women(W) and seventy-four healthy-women, all in post menopause. Methods: Tests: SASB Form-A intrapsychic behavior, Social Network List (SN), and Social support evaluation (SS). Statistical analysis: Variance analysis (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate the SASB clusters differences between the two groups; Pearson’s R coefficient was used to compare SASB, SN, SS dimensions, ASQ, and CDQ. Results: BC women showed a smaller size of SN (fewer social relationships), with ties stronger than healthy women. SASB Profile BC-W (comparison with healthy-women).” Not affiliation and Autonomy”: medium low value of autonomy, low self-appreciation and self-esteem, low expression of emotions and needs, difficulties in being able to achieve emotional and psychic equilibrium in presence of stress because of their control and self-critical behavior, depression, stress; difficulties in asking helps to family members. They invest in limited bonds for leisure, considered important but without fall into intimacy: they may be not always satisfied of their relationships. The depression is directly linked to these intrapsychic behaviors. Conclusions: Patients with “not Affiliation and Autonomy” SASB profile should be regarded as having a high risk of worse social support and depression, and could be followed up and screened, in order to plan the multidimensional and psychotherapeutic intervention specific to the single patient, aimed at modifying the problematic and unhealthy intrapsychic experience and promoting the development of a better quality of life.
Analysis of Petrinja 2020 Earthquake (Croatia) and First 500 Aftershocks &gt;M1.0, Identification of Their Sources and Seismogenic Faults
Authors: Marjanac Tihomir , Čalogović Marina , Bermanec Karlo , Marjanac Ljerka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Strong earthquake of M6.4 stroke Petrinja and neighbouring cities of Sisak and Glina in Croatia on December 29th 2020. It was preceded by two foreshocks of M5.2 and M5.0, and followed by a series of aftershocks of various magnitudes and intensities. We have analysed first 500 earthquakes and aftershocks of > M1.0 which occurred from December 28th 2020 to January 19th 2021, their frequency, focal depths, and coseismic surface phenomena. Correlation of focal depths revealed the source of earthquakes was faulting of hanging wall of a listric normal fault with NW-SE strike and dip towards NE. Major fault seems to have caused earthquakes with only minor magnitudes. The strongest two earthquakes of M6.4 and M5.2 were initiated on synthetic fault, whereas M5.0 earthquake was initiated on an antithetic fault. Almost 50% of all seismic energy of the first 500 analysed seismic events over M1.0 was released on 1 km and 10 km deep hypocentres. Focal mechanisms of major earthquakes and strong fore- and aftershocks indicate dextral-slip mechanism, which is also in accordance with the orientation of surface cracks, land faulting and sand volcano trains. Co-seismic surface phenomena are land cracks and fissures, land faults, sand volcanoes, eruptive springing of ground water, activation of landslides, and formation of dozens of collapse sinkholes which continued to form and grow for about a month following the major earthquake.
Conversion of rice husk biomass into reducing sugars: influence of pretreatment with water and [C16MIM][Br-] ionic liquid
Authors: Bohn Patrícia D. , Anchieta Chayene G. , Kuhn Kátia R. , Muller Edson I. , Mayer Flávio , Kuhn Raquel C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rice husk is an agricultural lignocellulosic-rich waste which can be used in the production of second-generation ethanol. A biomass pretreatment is necessary to release structural sugars because of the recalcitrance-related properties of lignin and silicon. The use of a long chain imidazolium ionic liquid (IL), 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C16MIM][Br−]), for rice husk pretreatment is reported for the first time. The influence of the [C16MIM][Br−]:water ratio and temperature on reducing sugars yield was investigated using an experimental design. Structural, chemical, and morphological modifications were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Higher temperature (160°C) and lower water content (1:5, IL:water) improved sugar yield. The validation assay (180°C, 1:20 IL:water ratio, 10% (w/v) of biomass, 12 h) resulted in 38% yield of reducing sugars and 60% dissolution of biomass, whereas untreated biomass showed only 0.18% yield of reducing sugars. The characterization analysis confirmed the changes in rice husk structure and morphology after pretreatment with IL. Rice husk pretreatment with [C16MIM][Br−] resulted in a higher concentration of reducing sugars compared to untreated biomass. Therefore, solid ionic liquids combined with water could be used as an alternative solvent for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment.
Protective Effect of Glechoma Hederacea Extract Against Gallstone Formation in Rodent Models
Authors: Xiao Min , Yang Mengbi , Ji Xiaoyu , Li Dan , Xie Yuning , Lyu Yuanfeng , Zuo Zhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Our current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an Glechoma Hederacea extract (Hitrechol ®) in normal rats and gallstone diseased mice to explore its underlying mechanisms. Normal rats and C57BL/6 mice with/without cholesterol gallstone were used in this study. Methods: To monitor the effect of Hitrechol ®️ on bile secretion, bile flow rates at 15 min interval until 2 hours post-dosing in normal rats treated with vehicle and Hitrechol ®️ were compared using multiple t-test with a p<0.05 considered as statistically significant different. To further evaluate the effect of Hitrechol ®️ against the development of gallstone, mice were treated with vehicle or Hitrechol (QD-once daily or TID-three times daily) for 3 weeks followed by comparing the levels of bile composition among the treatment groups. In addition, the anti-oxidative biomarkers in liver and anti-inflammatory biomarker in serum were detected and compared among all the treatment groups to evaluate the hepato-protective effect of Hitrechol ®️. The obtained levels of biomarkers and bile composition were compared among different treatment groups using one-way ANOVA tests followed by Tukey’s mutiple comparisons with p<0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Despite no significant impact on the bile flow rate, Hitrechol TID treatment dramatically decreased size and amount of gallstone crystals and total cholesterol level (p<0.05), as well as total bile acid (p<0.05) and several types of bile acid (p<0.05) levels in gallstone diseased model mice. Hitrechol ®️ TID treatment could significantly decrease the frequencies of hepatocyte necrosis and lipid aggregation notably as well as increase the antioxidant enzymes level (p<0.05) in liver. Conclusions: Our findings for the first time demonstrated the beneficial effect of Hitrechol ®️ against gallstone via its litholytic, liver-protective and antioxidant activities.
Trapezoidal Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Low Frequency Medical Applications
Authors: Santhanam Suganthi , Palavesam Thiruvalar Selvan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design of flexible trapezoidal radiating patch antenna array with FR4 substrate for onbody low frequency medical applications. The array resonates at 1.89 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 80 MHz and low return loss of -26.19 dB. The VSWR of 1.103 validate the activeness of the proposed antenna array having maximum surface current 133.1 (A/m) and directivity of 4.48 dBi. The antenna array exhibit the H-Field strength of 160.52 (A/m) and E-Field of 36093.4 (V/m) prove the radiation capability at low frequency on body application. These properties demonstrate the suitability of proposed array antenna for on body medical wireless applications.
Optimization of Ultra wide Band Communication TCA and AVA by using PSO and IGWO-FU Algorithm
Authors: rao kalakuntla nishanth , Meshram Vaibhav , Suresh H. N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, with the faster pace of development on the sophisticated detection and stealth technology, an extensive attention is being paid to the reduction of Radar Cross Section (RCS) as it emerge in security and commercial application. Communication based applications have greater influence depends upon design architecture and performance of an antenna. This paper proposed FSS to triumph over varying values as considering design parameters. Here, Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is optimized with a technique said to be Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), used for tightly coupled array (PSO-UTC-FSS). This paper intends to design an Optimized Vivaldi antenna to enhance the gain performance. More particularly, optimization algorithms play a vital role in fine-tuning of parameter, and hence this paper intends to propose a new Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm with Fitness based Update evaluation (IGWO-FU), which is the enhanced version of traditional GWO. Using above concepts, losses are minimized and hence it improves radiation efficiency, gain measurement, bandwidth ratio etc. Finally, the performance of proposed IGWO-FU model is compared over other traditional algorithms with respect to gain, VSWR, directivity, charge and current distribution, return loss as well.
Endophytic Microorganism From the Endangered Plant Nervilia Fordii (Hance) Schltr. In the Southwest Karst Area of China: Isolation, Genetic Diversity and Potential Functional Discovery
Authors: Tan Xiao-Ming , Yang Xin-Feng , Zhou Ya-Qin , Fu Peng , Hu Shi-Yi , Shi Zhong-Heng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The plant Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr. is known for its antimicrobial and antitumor properties. It is a rare and vulnerable perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family. In this study, 984 isolates were isolated from various tissues of N. fordii. and were identified through the sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. Except for 12 unidentified fungi, all others were affiliated to at least 39 genera of 14 orders of Ascomycota (72.66%) and Basidiomycota (19.00%). Antimicrobial activity was determined by using the agar diffusion method. Subsequent assays revealed 20 strains of fungal endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Moreover, the capability of promoting seed germination was evaluated on the basis of the interaction of Bletilla striata seeds with the isolates. Results revealed that the three isolates could promote B. striata seed germination. After 21 days, the germination rate under treatment with the best strain was 97.89%, which was higher than that under the control treatment (12.68%). Taken together, the present data suggested that various endophytic fungi of N. fordii could be exploited as sources of novel natural antimicrobial agents or used for the artificial breeding of rare orchids.
Low-Temperature Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose in Acidic [Bmim]Otf: A Mechanism Model of Product Evolution
Authors: Li Zhishuncheng , Qu GuangFei , He Yanhua , Ning Ping , Xie Ruosong , Li Weijie , Xu Yibi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we studied the catalytic pyrolysis behavior of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) in catalytic systems with acidic [Bmim]OTf as the media at temperatures of 140°C, 180°C, 220°C, 260°C, and 300°C. The pyrolysis behavior was investigated via SEM, XRD, FTIR, and GC-MS. During the catalysis of [Bmim]OTf, the pyrolysis temperature of MC was reduced to 140°C significantly and the crystalline structure of MC was destroyed rapidly. The novel synergistic catalytic effect of CF3SO3- and [Bmim]+ was discovered, which may lead to MC-selective cleavage of glycosidic, C-C, C-O, and C-H bonds, accompanied by new bond formation, which showed the production of many small molecular compounds. Furthermore, a novel mechanism model of evolution in [Bmim]OTf at low temperature was developed from a microscopic point of view. This research had obvious significance for the mechanism of directional regulation of target products, finally realizing the high efficiency utilization of biomass.
Using Voice and Biofeedback to Predict User Engagement during Requirements Interviews
Authors: Ferrari Alessio , Huichapa Thaide , Spoletini Paola , Novielli Nicole , Fucci Davide , Girardi Daniela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Capturing users’ engagement is crucial for gathering feedback about the features of a software product.
In a market-driven context, current approaches to collect and analyze users’ feedback are based on techniques leveraging information extracted from
product reviews and social media.
These approaches are hardly applicable in bespoke software development, or in contexts in which one needs to gather information from specific users.
In such cases, companies need to resort to face-to-face interviews to get feedback on their products.
In this paper, we propose to utilize biometric data, in terms of physiological and voice features, to complement interviews with information about the engagement of the user on the discussed product-relevant topics.
We evaluate our approach by interviewing users while gathering their physiological data (i.e., biofeedback) using an Empatica E4 wristband, and capturing their voice through the default audio-recorder of a common laptop.
Our results show that we can predict users' engagement by training supervised machine learning algorithms on biometric data, and that voice features alone can be sufficiently effective. The performance of the prediction algorithms are maximised when pre-processing the training data with the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE).
The results of our work suggest that biofeedback and voice analysis can be used to facilitate prioritization of requirements oriented to product improvement, and to steer the interview based on users' engagement. Furthermore, the usage of voice features can be particularly helpful for emotion-aware requirements elicitation in remote communication, either performed by human analysts or voice-based chatbots.
A Core On The Edge: An Urban Bird Assemblage On The Atlantic Margin Of Europe
Authors: Luscier Jason David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Urbanization threatens bird populations globally, however many urban habitats present important refugia for wildlife in this rapidly changing landscape. Additionally, birds at the periphery of their global range are more prone to landscape changes and thus these distributions are good indicators of the effects of urbanization on diversity; e.g., bird populations and communities of Cork City, Ireland. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects from urbanization on bird densities (birds/ha), species richness, and species composition throughout Cork City. I surveyed 32 points selected with a stratified random sample within commercial areas, residential habitats, and green spaces throughout Cork City during four breeding seasons between 2016–2019. Species richness was highest in green spaces with 18–34 species; whereas residential habitats had 14–27 species and commercial areas had 9–20 species. The most densely populated species citywide were Rock Pigeons (5.4–9.1 birds/ha), Eurasian Jackdaws (2.9–3.8 birds/ha), Rooks (4.5–6.4 birds/ha), European Starlings (3.4–5.3 birds/ha), Eurasian Blackbirds (2.4–3.6 birds/ha), and House Sparrows (2.7–4.5 birds/ha). Overall a lack in urban green space surrounding survey points was most strongly associated with reduced species richness and population estimates. Also, both species richness and population densities tended to be higher in regions with less noise pollution and farther from the urban core. Ultimately these results corroborate other studies stressing the importance of urban green spaces for conserving biodiversity in cities. This is particularly important for the birds of Cork City given that these urban habitats are at the western edge of these species’ distributions.
Tittle Page： The ocular biometry characteristics of young patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Xu Yi , Tan Qian , Li Chunyan , Liu Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Although Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) mainly occurs in elderly people, diagnosis of PACG in young patients is not uncommon . However, there is no article specialized on the ocular anatomical characteristics in these patients.Methods: In this retrospective, comparative study, patients diagnosed with PACG and recieved ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination in our department were included. Patients were divided into two groups: a young group comprised of patients aged ≤45 years of age and an old group comprised of patients＞45 years of age. A-scan ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM ) were used to measure ocular biometric parameters of patients in the two groups including axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), angle opening distance 500 (AOD500), anterior angle closure 500 (ACA500), iris thickness 1000 mm from the iris root (IT1000), iris thickness 500 mm from the iris root (IT500), trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCPA), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), scleral– ciliary process angle (SCPA), lens vault (LV), and pupil diameter (PD). Plateau iris (PI) and base iris insertion were determined from UBM images, and the prevalence of PI and base iris insertion were compared between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative malignant glaucoma (MG) was also determined in both groups and ocular anatomical predictors for the development of malignant glaucoma were evaluated in young PACG patients.Results: 115 patients were included into young group and 144 patients were included into old group. The eyes of patients in the young group had shorter TCPD, shorter AL, narrower TCPA and narrower SCPA compared to the eyes of patients in the old group. There were no significant differences in ACD, LT, AL, LV, AOD 500, ACA500, IT500, IT1000, PD or ACW between the two groups. The prevalence of PI was 25.0% in older patients and 66.1% in younger patients (P < 0.001). Significantly more young patients had base iris insertion compared to old patients (P < 0.001). 87 patients in young group and 79 patients in old group underwent trabeculectomy in our department. Among these patients, 21 young patients and 4 old patients developed MG after trabeculectomy (P < 0.001). Conclusions: AL was shorter, the ciliary body was positioned more anteriorly, prevalence of PI was higher, and incidence of postoperative MG was higher in younger PACG patients compared to older PACG patients. Our results suggest that shorter AL, shorter TCPD and narrower TCPA may be predictors for development of malignant glaucoma in young PACG patients after trabeculectomy.
Lateral Strength Evaluation of Ferrocement Strengthened Masonry Infilled RC frame Based on Experimentally Observed Failure Mechanisms
Authors: Sen Debasish , Alwashali Hamood , Islam Md Shafiul , Seki Matsutaro , Maeda Masaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In developing countries, lateral strengthening of seismically vulnerable masonry infilled RC buildings is one of the major concern. In this context, ferrocement can be used as a low cost and less labor-intensive strengthening scheme for those buildings. This study aims to experimentally identify major failure mechanisms, and to develop a lateral strength evaluation procedure of ferrocement strengthened masonry infilled RC frame. Subsequently, ductility of all of the identified major failure mechanisms is compared. Mainly four major failure mechanisms (i.e. overall flexural, column punching-joint sliding, diagonal compression, and diagonal cracking-sliding) are identified from the current experimental work and past experimental studies. The strength evaluation procedure, based on the identified failure mechanisms, is proposed and verified with an average calculated to experimental lateral strength ratio of 0.8. Among the identified failure mechanisms, overall flexural, and diagonal cracking-sliding mechanisms showed relatively ductile behavior when compared to the ductility of column punching-joint sliding, and diagonal compression failure mechanism.