bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Squeeze Film Model of the Planar Circular Section Implemented in the Saber Simulator
Authors: Wang J. M. , Herbison D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive squeeze film model of planar circular plates, implemented in the MAST™ modeling language for use with the Saber™ simulator. Hydrodynamic pressure between two plates is a function of the displacement, velocity and dimensional parameters of the circular plates. The pressure generated in film has a distributed nature and it depends on, beside other factors, the pressure boundary condition. The total force acting on the plate surfaces is the integration of the pressure distribution. The viscosity of lubricants is modeled as the function of both pressure and temperature. Cavitation region occurred inside the squeeze film is considered by the model internally. Cavitation occurring at the boundary is modeled by connecting the hydraulic pin to the ideal cavitation template of the Saber template library. Saber outputs are discussed for some important influential effects under different operating conditions. The paper also includes discussion of the ideal cavitation and the hydraulic chamber templates which are embedded to support the squeeze film simulation.
Delamination Suppression in Sandwich Beams Using Translaminar Reinforcements
Authors: Wallace Brian T. , Sankar Bhavani V. , Ifju Peter G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study is concerned with translaminar reinforcement in a sandwich beam for preventing buckling of a delaminated face-sheet under axial compression. Graphite/epoxy pins are used as reinforcement in the thickness direction of sandwich beams consisting of graphite/epoxy face-sheets and a Aramid honeycomb core. Compression tests are performed to understand the effects of the diameter of the reinforcing pins and reinforcement spacing on the ultimate compressive strength of the delaminated beams. A finite element analysis is performed to understand the effects of translaminar reinforcement on the critical buckling loads and post-buckling behavior of the sandwich beam under axial compression.
Precise Design and Analysis of Wet Layup Composite Repairs
Authors: Kress Greg 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increasing size and cost of composite structures combined with the increased loading requirements placed on such components has heightened the need for performing durable and thoroughly analyzed composite repairs. Precise applications of composite repairs possess many difficulties from both a maintenance and engineering standpoint. The composite repair engineer is often limited by the repair materials and processing equipment that are available, the data to define the loads placed on the structure, and physical limitations such as the inability to remove a panel from the aircraft, heat sinks, and underlying structure. This presentation describes the repair configuration, materials and analysis techniques for performing the precise design and analysis of wet layup composite repairs.”
Functional Specifications for Tele-Immersive Product Evaluation
Authors: Thompson D. , Banerjee A. , Banerjee P. , DeFanti T. , Retterer S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel virtual tele-immersive product evaluation environment is conceived. The components include a robust Virtual Reality (VR) hardware system, associated VR driving software, development tool for the tele-immersive virtual environment, networking software, user representation scheme and tools for developing 3D models and incorporating dynamic properties into the models. We have developed a model to allow users to collaboratively evaluate products using the CAVE™, Performer, CAVERN, CAVEActors, Pro/ENGINEER, and ADAMS software libraries.
Design of an Interactive Virtual Factory Using Cell Formation Methodologies
Authors: Kesavadas T. , Ernzer M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an interactive virtual environment for modeling and designing factories and shop floors. The factory building tool is developed as an open architecture in which various modules can be utilized to quickly implement factory design algorithms ranging from plant layout to factory flow analysis. Software modules and utilities have been implemented to allow easy set-up of the visual interface. In this paper this virtual factory is used to implement cellular manufacturing (CM) system. CM has traditionally been a very complicated system to implement in practice. However the productivity rise obtained by the successful implementation of the system has been proved to be immense. Several issues involved in implementing CM within our virtual factory machine modeling and interface designs for defining the cells, are discussed. The mathematical clustering algorithm called Modified Boolean Method was implemented to automatically generate complex virtual environments. The virtual factory makes the process of CM-based factory design a very easy and intuitive process. Virtual factory interface also allows easy reassignment of machines and parts, subcontracting of bottleneck parts and rearranging of machines within the same design environment, making this a productive industrial tool.
Comparison of Free Flexural Vibrations of Composite Plates or Panels Stiffened by a Central and a Non-Central Plate Strip
Authors: Yuceoglu U. , Özerciyes V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of two classes of composite base plate or panel stiffened by a central or a non-central plate strip are analyzed and compared with each other. In each case, the base plates and the single, stiffening plate strips are assumed to be dissimilar orthotropic plates connected by a very thin, yet deformable adhesive layer. The free bending vibration problems for the two cases are formulated in terms of the Mindlin Plate Theory for orthotropic plates. The governing equations are reduced to a system of first order equations. The solution technique is the “Modified Version of the Transfer Matrix Method”. The effects of the bonded central and non-central stiffening strip on the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the composite plate or panel system are investigated. Some important conclusions are drawn from the numerical and parametric studies presented.
Leaky Wave Contributions to Ultrasonic Scattering Amplitudes for Truncated Objects
Authors: Marston Philip L. , Morse Scot F. , Gipson Karen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation and sonar imaging, scattering contributions by leaky waves on truncated objects can be important for enhancing the visibility of certain of the borders of the scatterer. A method of approximating the leaky wave contributions is reviewed together with recent experimental and computational tests for evaluating that method in situations where the scattering contributions are large. The tests include meridional ray contributions to the scattering by tilted solid cylinders and cylindrical shells and Rayleigh wave contributions for steel cubes in water.
Use of Geometric Symmetry in Transducer Array Interaction Problems
Authors: Benthien George W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To predict the performance of transducers operating in an array it is necessary to consider the acoustic interaction between transducers. This analysis usually involves solving a system of equations involving certain transducer impedances as well as mutual radiation impedances between transducer elements. This problem can be simplified by taking into account any geometric symmetries that might be involved. Unlike finite element problems where geometric symmetry can be enforced through boundary conditions, it is necessary in these problems to consider the structure of the radiation impedance matrix induced by the geometric symmetries. In this paper I will show how computation time can be reduced considerably by taking advantage of the special symmetry structure of these matrices.
An Analytical Solution to the Electrostatic Actuation of an Asymmetric Combdrive
Authors: Yeh J.-L. Andrew , Tien Norman C. , Hui Chung-Yuen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A model for the electrostatic forces generated by an asymmetric combdrive has been developed. Using complex variable techniques, an analytical solution to out-of-plane electrostatic actuation is obtained in closed form. The peak force depends on the thickness of the movable fingers and the amount of overlap between the combs. In addition, the in-plane actuation of an in-plane interdigitated combdrive can also be interpreted using our solution. For an in-plane combdrive, the critical engagement length of the combs, which is required for generating a constant force with variation within 1%, is a factor of 1.24 times the separation gap.
Controlling and Coordinating Mobile Micro-Robots: Lessons From Nature
Authors: Melhuish Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Assuming that mobile micro-scaled robots will be built in the future it is reasonable to speculate how such machines can be controlled. At the micro-scale robots will experience considerable limitations. Against this background, and inspired by natural collective systems, the paper explores collective minimalist mechanisms for the key aspects of moving through the environment, regulating the size of robot groups and acting on the environment.
Modeling, Design and Fabrication of a Microdevice for E-Field Cell Lysis
Authors: Smekal Thomas , Briscoe Cindy , Chan Tony , Chang Yung , Dobrin Seth , Gallagher Sean , Groninger Heidi , Marrero Rob , Rhine David , Yu Huinan , Grodzinski Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of an electric field cell lysis device for microfluidic applications will be presented. Detailed modeling of the electrode configuration for the optimization of the electric field has been performed. Device design and fabrication has been accomplished using traditional integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing techniques. As a result, murine lymphocytes have been lysed using several electrode configurations. The requisite electric field strength and pulse parameters for cell lysis were determined. The non-specific adsorption of the released DNA to the materials used in the fabrication of the device was observed. Surface passivation of the fabrication materials was effected through the use of silanization compounds.
The Effect of Residual Stresses on the Deformation of Semi-Circular Micromachined Beams
Authors: Tsou Chingfu , Fang Weileun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, a semi-circular micromachined beam is proposed to reduce the out-of-plane deformation caused by the residual stresses. The side view of the semi-circular beam is similar to that of the cantilever. However, the end conditions of the semi-circular beam are similar to that of the microbridge. Although the micromachined cantilever would not be deformed by the mean compression, it is bent significantly by the residual gradient stress. On the other hand, the microbridge would not be bent by the gradient residual stress, however, it would be buckled by the mean compression. As demonstrated through the analytical and experimental results, the out-of-plane deformation due to bending and buckling is significantly reduced for the semi-circular micromachined beam. Thus, the flatness of the micromachined suspensions is improved. The more traditional techniques in which the out-of-plane deformation is reduced by lowering the net residual stresses of thin films can be supplemented by the use of semi-circular micromachined beam.
Transport of Particle-Laden Fluids Through Fixed-Valve Micropumps
Authors: Jang Ling-Sheng , Morris Christopher J. , Sharma Nigel R. , Bardell Ron L. , Forster Fred K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Micropumps designed for the flow-rate range of 100–1000μl/min have been developed by a number of research groups. However, little data is available regarding the ability of various designs to directly transport liquids containing particles such as cells, microspheres utilized for bead chemistry, or contaminants. In this study the ability of pumps with no-moving-parts valves (NMPV) to transport particles was investigated. The results showed that a NMPV micropump was able to directly pump suspensions of polystyrene microspheres from 3.1 to 20.3μm in diameter. The pump functioned without clogging at microsphere number densities as high as 9000 particles/μl of suspension, which corresponded to over 90,000 particles per second passing through the pump at a flow rate of 600μl/min. Performance with polystyrene microspheres was the same as pure water up to the point of cavitation. Microspheres manufactured with negative surface charge cavitated less readily that other microspheres studied that were manufactured without surface charge. However, cavitation did not appear to be a function of microsphere size, total surface area or number density. Thus pumping polystyrene microspheres was found to be more affected by surface effects than by size, surface area or number density within the range of parameters considered. In the case of charged microspheres, the maximum flow rate was reduced by 30% compared to pure water whereas for uncharged microspheres the maximum flow rate was reduced by approximately 80%.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Mesoscopic Impactors
Authors: Yi Mingqiang , Hu Howard , Bau Haim H. , Erickson K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An inertial impactor is a device that separates particles from a gas stream according to their mass. The characteristics of two different types of mesoscopic impactors, one with and one without a collection cup, were studied theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical study consists of a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid’s flow field and a solution of Newton’s equation of motion for the particles. The particle cut-off sizes and the impactor’s efficiency curves were computed as functions of the jet-to-plate distance, nozzle size, cup size, and the jet’s Reynolds number (Re &lt; 100). Prototypes of impactors were fabricated in low temperature co-fired ceramic tapes. Preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the collection efficiency as a function of particle size and the Reynolds number. The experimental results were critically compared with theoretical predictions.
Development of a Tire/Pavement Contact-Stress Model Based on an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: El-Gindy Moustafa , Lewis Heidi L. , Lewis A. Scott 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents comprehensive tire/pavement contact-stress models based on the Artificial Neural Networks developed by the authors at the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute and Applied Research Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University. These models represent the first mathematical representation of measured, vertical contact stress at wide ranges of vertical loads and inflation pressures for two types of tires. The Developed ANN model has the capabilities to generate complex stress distribution patterns under a tire at any given load and inflation pressure for a specific tire type used for the ANN training. The information given here is considered to be an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve tire/pavement contact stress modeling and analysis. The neural network representation of a tire contact stress distribution is denoted as “Neuro-Patch Model”.
The neural network models have been trained using precisely measured, three-dimensional contact-stress distribution patterns obtained from low speed rolling tire tests conducted by the University of California at Berkeley. This data has been supplied by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). In this study two types of tires, namely a 11R22.5 Radial-Ply and a 10.00 × 20 Bias-Ply truck tire, were modeled at different inflation pressures ranging from 520 kPa to 920 kPa and vertical loads ranging from 26 kN to 56 kN.
Development of the General-Purposed Program Based on the Concept of Subsystem Assembly for the Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Power Transmission System
Authors: Lim Weon-Sik , Jo Han-Sang , Jang Wook-Jin , Lee Jang-Moo , Park Yeong-Il 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the main algorithms of POTAS-MSM (POvver Transmission Analysis Software for Multi-Slipping Mechanism), which are based on the concept of subsystem assembly and the self-determination technique for the system degrees-of-freedom. This software allows users to quickly and easily model the various and complex configurations of power transmission systems and their components. With these dynamic models, the program can be used to evaluate system performances, transient phenomena such as shift, and other dynamic problems. The program has feature to effectively handle nonlinear model, to quickly examine the various changes of system behavior caused by design modification, and to provide stable solution to arbitrary operating condition or control logic. The ability of the developed program is demonstrated through the simulations and the experiments of a transmission model.
Feasibility Analysis of Open-Loop Rollover Control of Heavy Freight Vehicles
Authors: Liu P. J. , Rakheja S. , Ahmed A. K. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive three-dimensional heavy vehicle model is developed to investigate the effectiveness of an open-loop roll instability control. The steering system compliance, roll steer, bump steer, ackerman steer and wrap steer are incorporated in the vehicle model, along with comprehensive tire model and ABS algorithm. Time delays due to driver’s reaction and the transportation lag of the braking system are characterized by a variable called reaction delay. The rollover indicators in terms of roll safety factor, tractor and trailer lateral accelerations and roll angles, and the rearmost axle roll angle are investigated for their effectiveness for open-loop roll stability control in various cornering and evasive maneuvers, road conditions, braking efforts, and different reaction delays.
Longitudinal Front Wheel Drive Vehicle Maneuvers Considering DC-Motors Constraints
Authors: Bestaoui Yasmina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with trajectory generation of vehicles taking into account the vehicle’s dynamics and the actuators’ constraints in voltages and currents. Motion generation is formulated as an optimisation problem with a mixed energy-time objective function. Usual kinematics constraints are not sufficiently representative of the reality, thus we focus on more realistic constraints: on the acceleration, the jerk, the maximum power which can be transferred to the road and voltage and current DC actuator constraints.
Two-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An In Vitro Analysis of Graft Placement and Tension
Authors: Shearn Jason T. , Mannor Dana A. , Grood Edward S. , Levy Martin S. , Noyes Frank R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) provides over 90% of the forces that resist posterior tibial translation (Butler et al., 1980). When the PCL is ruptured the resulting change in joint kinematics and kinetics can lead to patello femoral pain and joint arthritic. These changes can effect daily activity requiring reconstruction (Satku et al, 1984). Although the goal of PCL reconstruction is to restore the normal limit of posterior tibial translation (Andrews et al., 1994), there is a frequent recurrence of posterior translation (Markolf et al Part I, 1997). The recurrence is believed to be caused by graft elongation/failure. The failure is probably due to non-uniform load sharing among graft fibers combined with large forces and the loss of strength during remodeling (Markolf et al Part II, 1997). The governing hypothesis of this study is that improving load sharing among graft fibers can reduce graft failures. We are pursuing a technique that divides the graft into two bundles so that the bundles have separate attachments and can be separately tensioned. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of one and two bundle reconstructions to control posterior translation, and to determine how femoral attachment location affected bundle tension.
Linear Stability Analysis of a Collapsible-Tube Model
Authors: Mawasha P. Ruby , Gross Richard J. , Conway Ted 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A linear stability analysis is performed for a collapsible tube model consisting of a reservoir with inlet and outlet flow conditions. The downstream pressure in the collapsible regime is modeled as a cubic nonlinearity. From the nonlinear model, we assume small perturbations around the steady states and utilize Liapunov stability criteria to describe the linear model. Steady-state pressure drops, stable and unstable boundaries are determined analytically for ranges of mass flow rate and compressible volume in the reservoir. Mechanisms that give rise to unstable behavior of pressure and flow rates in collapsible tube systems are examined based on numerical results. The model also provide us with stable and unstable boundaries that may give us the insight on the operation, control, and safety of collapsible tube systems in biological systems such as veins, arteries etc.
Progress Towards Prospective Computational Imaging Studies of Hemodynamics and Vascular Disease in Humans
Authors: Steinman David A. , Ladak Hanif M. , Thomas Jonathan B. , Milner Jaques S. , Lee Donald H. , Rutt Brian K. , Spence J. David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows us to resolve vascular anatomy with submillimeter resolution non-invasively, making it possible to monitor the development of atherosclerosis in vivo (Skinner et al, 1995). Although imaging technology is not yet mature enough to simultaneously resolve the complex flow patterns, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can reliably and efficiently model pulsatile flow in realistic, three-dimensional arterial geometries. By using imaged lumen geometry and flow rate as input parameters to such model studies, we can reconstruct the local in vivo hemodynamic environment.
Role of Nucleus on Leukocyte Recovery
Authors: Kan Heng-Chuan , Shyy Wei , Udaykumar H. S. , Vigneron Philippe , Tran-Son-Tay Roger 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the effect of nucleus size and position, and the relative rheological properties of cytoplasm and nucleus, on cell recovery dynamics. Two nucleus sizes corresponding to that of neutrophil and lymphocyte are considered. Direct comparison between numerical simulations and experimental observation is made. Results indicate that the time scale ratio between the nucleus and cytoplasm plays an important role in cell recovery characteristics. Comparable time scales between the two cell components yield favorable agreement in recovery rates between numerical and experimental observations; disparate time scales, on the other hand, result recovery behavior and cell shapes inconsistent with experiments. Furthermore, it is found that the nucleus eccentricity exhibits minimum influence on all major aspects of the cell recovery characteristics. The present work offers additional evidence in support of the compound cell model for predicting the rheological behavior of leukocytes.
A Mathematical Model for Bone Remodeling
Authors: Hazelwood Scott J. , Martin R. Bruce , Rodrigo Juan J. , Rashid Mark M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A bone remodeling algorithm based on disuse and damage repair was developed in this study. Important elements of the bone remodeling process, including the delay between resorption and formation of bone and the resulting porosity, were included in the algorithm. A study of the dynamic response of the algorithm indicated oscillatory behavior for disuse situations and critically sensitive behavior in overload situations beyond a threshold load. Application of the algorithm to a finite element model of the femur reproduced the observed internal structure. The model is being used in further studies to investigate remodeling around implant stems and bone diseases and their treatment.