bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition points: well-being and disciplinary identity in the first years of doctoral studies
Authors: Gonzalez John A. , Kim Heeyun , Flaster Allyson 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine doctoral students’ developmental trajectories in well-being and disciplinary identity during the first three years of doctoral study.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on data from a longitudinal study of PhD students enrolled at a large, research-intensive university in the USA. A group-based trajectory modeling approach is used to examine varying trajectories of well-being and disciplinary identity.

Findings
The authors find that students’ physical health, mental health and disciplinary identity generally decline during the first few years of doctoral study. Despite this common downward trend, the results suggest that six different developmental trajectories exist. Students’ backgrounds and levels of stress, psychological needs satisfaction, anticipatory socialization experiences and prior academic success predict group membership.

Originality/value
Although there is emergent evidence of a mental health crisis in graduate education scant evidence exists about the way in which well-being changes over time as students progress through their doctoral studies. There is also little evidence of how these changes might be related to academic processes such as the development of disciplinary identity. This study reported varying baseline degrees of well-being and disciplinary identity and offers that stress and unmet psychological needs might be partially responsible for varying trajectories.
Leading an effective change strategy
Authors: Sansom Rachael 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to advise leaders on how to manage an effective change strategy through times of crisis and uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach
Gathered from past experience managing change through a business.

Findings
Fresh and effective change requires solid infrastructure, a well-thought-out plan and the ability to adapt, strategise and innovate on a near day-to-day basis.

Originality/value
This is a unique perspective from a huge organisational change.
Overtourism and employment outcomes for the tourism worker: impacts to labour markets
Authors: Walmsley Andreas , Koens Ko , Milano Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to undertake an ideal-typical analysis of the implications of overtourism on employment at the level of the destination.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers a theoretical analysis that uses as a starting point a traditional labour market model to explore the employment implications of a labour demand shock as a result of overtourism at a destination level. Although a theoretical exploration, examples are provided offering empirical support for the theoretical propositions.

Findings
Overtourism may lower nominal and real wages, further deepen divisions in an already divided labour market (particularly between local and migrant workers), increase productivity without its benefits accruing to the worker and result in deterioration of working conditions. The study also sets tourism employment within a broader politico-economic framework of neoliberalism.

Research limitations/implications
This study offers scope for further empirical testing of hypothesized relationships. It also provides a platform to adopt and adapt the theoretical propositions to suit different contexts.

Originality/value
This study uses overtourism as an ideal-type, combined with an analysis of the labour market to theorise the impacts of a labour demand shock.
The intervention of strategic innovation practices in between regulations and sustainable business growth: a holistic perspective for Malaysian SMEs
Authors: Islam Ariful , Wahab Sazali Abd 
Published: February 2021

PurposeSMEs that manage more sustainability focused initiatives into their core business strategy can possibly benefit from lower expenses, reduced threats and new business opportunities, but in Malaysia most of the SMEs are still far off in terms of adapting to a sustainable business growth outline from a holistic point of view. Hence, this study aims to serve deeper understanding about a strategic innovation focused sustainable growth model on basis of multidisciplinary QBL-QHIM theoretical perspectives where strategic innovation practices intervene in between desired growth and government support (regulations).Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual investigation embraces a newly emerged concern of sustainable business growth in SMEs, considering ranges of literature reviews from the disciplines of management and entrepreneurship. The study also systematically explores the concepts of regulations, strategic innovation practices on basis of QBL and QHIM theories to adjust the sustainable business growth model from a holistic angle.FindingsThe outcomes show that multidisciplinary QBL-QHIM conjunction within the interrelationships of the selected constructs holds the potential for innovation focused business growth in a more sustainable, comprehensive and holistic manner. The study also detects that exploitative-explorative innovation practices can possibly mediate in between suitable regulations and sustainable business growth of SMEs, considering supportive external environment.Research limitations/implicationsResearches are encouraged to test the proposed model.Practical implicationsThe study indicates a conceptual configuration for policy makers as well as entrepreneurs to ensure sustainable business growth for SMEs. The outcomes of the study also provide useful direction on decision-making process of owner or manager considering social, economic, environmental and spiritual aspects of daily operations.Social implicationsThe conceptual model may possibly able to generate more social values, considering a holistic angle into business activities.Originality/valueThe conceptualization is a unique attempt, considering developing regions to extend the current understanding of strategic innovation focused sustainable growth process of SMEs from a holistic angle.
The nexus between entrepreneurial orientation and performance: enabling roles of absorptive capacity
Authors: Raisal Ismail , Tarofder Arun Kumar , Ilmudeen Aboobucker 
Published: February 2021

PurposeDeveloping countries’ economic growth very much depend on the successful performance of entrepreneurial-oriented firms. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a valuable conjecturer of firm success. This study mainly focuses on analyzing the effect of EO on the firm performance (FP) with the mediating role of absorptive capacity (ACAP).Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypothetical model, we collected 226 valid responses from senior managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The structural equation modeling technique is performed and research hypotheses are validated.FindingsThe findings show that the strong causal relations exit between EO, ACAP and FP. In brief, EO was found to be a predictor of ACAP, and ACAP has a strong positive impact on FP. Moreover, ACAP substantiated to be a mediator between EO and FP.Research limitations/implicationsA notable ramification of this finding is that for SMEs to enhance their performance via EO, the presence of ACAP as a mediator is essential.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can be used as a basis to consider EO to increase firms' level of ACAP and to enhance FP. As a whole, the findings offer pragmatic insights for SMEs and pertinent stakeholders.Originality/valueSo far, little is known about the interrelationship between EO, ACAP and FP. Importantly, the mediating role of ACAP between EO and FP has remained unexplored. This study fills this gap in the existing literature.
Competition for space in a structured landscape: The effect of seed limitation on coexistence under a tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off
Authors: D’Andrea Rafael , O’Dwyer James P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Life‐history trade‐offs are important coexistence mechanisms in plant communities. In particular, a trade‐off between seed quality and seed output may explain coexistence among species with a wide variety of seed sizes in heterogeneous landscapes with varying degrees of local stresses such as shade, drought and browsing.

Under spatially implicit formulations of the tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off, species diversity is only bounded by community size and environmental heterogeneity. However, these formulations leave unanswered the question of how dispersal limitation, an important aspect of real communities, impacts the ability of the tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off to support coexistence.

Here we show using stochastic cellular automata that coexistence under the tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off in a spatially structured landscape is strongly modulated by the interactions between the spatial scales of species dispersal and environmental variability. Specifically, coexistence in a patchy landscape is higher under short dispersal scales relative to the scale of environmental variation. These conditions allow species to segregate spatially and thus avoid interspecific competition.

In addition to dispersal limitation, coexistence under the tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off is promoted by a sharp drop in tolerance as local environmental stress increases, a high overall seed output across species, local homogeneity in environmental conditions and weak age structure in fertility. In particular, coexistence is much higher when species have full tolerance to stress levels below a threshold and zero tolerance above that threshold, with nothing in between. This steep gradient contributes to coexistence because it maximizes niche separation between similar species.

Synthesis. When plants compete for space, dispersal limitation and landscape spatial structure can conspire to boost coexistence and diversity. Our results show that the tolerance‐fecundity trade‐off is a strong niche differentiation mechanism when species experience a well‐defined distinction between suitable and unsuitable environments, and supports higher diversity when dispersal scales are shorter than the scales of variation in the environment. We conclude that the trade‐off is more likely to be a relevant coexistence mechanism in the context of large‐scale environmental variation, such as topography, than small‐scale variation, such as in litter cover and canopy shading.
Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
Authors: Hazelwood Kirstie , Beck Harald , Paine C. E. Timothy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.

We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for 10 years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density‐dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.

Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to NDD. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.

Synthesis. We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.
Who does and doesn't pay taxes?
Authors: Advani Arun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe use administrative tax data from audits of self‐assessment tax returns to understand what types individuals are most likely to be non‐compliant. Non‐compliance is common, with one‐third of taxpayers underpaying by some amount, although half of aggregate under‐reporting is done by just 2 per cent of taxpayers. Third‐party reporting reduces non‐compliance, while working in a cash‐prevalent industry increases it. However, compliance also varies significantly with individual characteristics: non‐compliance is higher for men and younger people. These results matter for measuring inequality, for understanding taxpayer behaviour, and for targeting audit resources.
Is Animal Welfare Promoting Hornless Cattle? Assessing Consumer’s Valuation for Milk from Gene‐edited Cows under Different Information Regimes
Authors: Kilders Valerie , Caputo Vincenzina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to its ability to achieve genetic engineering goals without transgene modifications, gene‐editing is fast becoming a predominant genetic‐engineering breeding technique and a range of food‐related applications have already been developed. Yet, it remains unclear whether consumers would perceive gene‐edited food products differently from so‐called first‐generation genetic engineering or from genetic modification, and how information about its benefits might alter consumer choice. Focusing on a recent gene‐editing application in animal production, the genetic dehorning of dairy cows, this study uses data from a survey of 1,000 US consumers to determine: (i) consumer willingness‐to‐pay for milk from cows that have been gene‐edited to be hornless; and (ii) consumers’ response to information about how the gene‐editing technology works, how it differs from genetic modification, and its benefits for animal welfare. Information treatments utilise videos to maximise respondents’ understanding. Results from parametric and semi‐parametric choice models suggest that: (i) information on animal welfare has the strongest effect on consumer willingness‐to‐pay for milk produced from conventionally and genetically dehorned cows; and (ii) that providing respondents with more information leads to an increasingly wider spread of the preference distributions in the positive and negative domain uncovering a further polarisation of preferences and confirming the heterogeneous impact of information on preferences.
Assessment of the Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Resources at some Wadis in the East of El Minia Governorate, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: HABIBAH Alzahraa Abo , DAHAB Kamal , SHABANA Ashraf , KAMH Samir , IBRAHIM Hekmat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe El Minia governorate lies within the Nile Valley, surrounded by calcareous plateaus to the east and west. The present study focuses on the hydrogeochemistry of the Eocene limestone aquifer at some wadis in the east El Minia governorate, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Hydrogeologically, two main aquifers are encountered in the study area, namely the Maghagha marly limestone and the Samalut chalky limestone aquifers. The Maghagha aquifer is composed of alternating layers of marly limestone and shale with thicknesses ranging from 3.49 m to 177.05 m and a groundwater depth ranging from 8.5 m to 59.27 m which reflects low groundwater potentiality. The groundwater salinity representing this aquifer ranges from 603.5 mg/L to 978.5 mg/L, reflecting fresh water type. Samalut aquifer is made up of chalky, cavernous and fractured limestone with thickness ranging from 30 m to 205 m and groundwater depth ranging from 9 m to 86.77 m, which indicates good groundwater potential. The groundwater salinity of the concerned aquifer ranges from 349.7 mg/L to 2043.9 mg/L, reflecting fresh to possibly brackish water types. Groundwater in the study area is of meteoric water origin; recent recharge is mainly controlled through the presence of fractures and their densities. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area are suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Is social support pre‐treatment associated with prognosis for adults with depression in primary care?
Authors: Buckman Joshua E. J. , Saunders Rob , O’Driscoll Ciaran , Cohen Zachary D. , Stott Joshua , Ambler Gareth , Gilbody Simon , Hollon Steven D. , Kendrick Tony , Watkins Edward , Wiles Nicola , Kessler David , Chari Nomsa , White Ian R. , Lewis Glyn , Pilling Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDepressed patients rate social support as important for prognosis, but evidence for a prognostic effect is lacking. We aimed to test the association between social support and prognosis independent of treatment type, and the severity of depression, and other clinical features indicating a more severe illness.MethodsIndividual patient data were collated from all six eligible RCTs (n = 2858) of adults seeking treatment for depression in primary care. Participants were randomized to any treatment and completed the same baseline assessment of social support and clinical severity factors. Two‐stage random effects meta‐analyses were conducted.ResultsSocial support was associated with prognosis independent of randomized treatment but effects were smaller when adjusting for depressive symptoms and durations of depression and anxiety, history of antidepressant treatment, and comorbid panic disorder: percentage decrease in depressive symptoms at 3–4 months per z‐score increase in social support = −4.14(95%CI: −6.91 to −1.29). Those with a severe lack of social support had considerably worse prognoses than those with no lack of social support: increase in depressive symptoms at 3–4 months = 14.64%(4.25% to 26.06%).ConclusionsOverall, large differences in social support pre‐treatment were associated with differences in prognostic outcomes. Adding the Social Support scale to clinical assessments may be informative, but after adjusting for routinely assessed clinical prognostic factors the differences in prognosis are unlikely to be of a clinically important magnitude. Future studies might investigate more intensive treatments and more regular clinical reviews to mitigate risks of poor prognosis for those reporting a severe lack of social support.
The equine graying with age mutation of the STX17 gene: A copy number study using droplet digital PCR reveals a new pattern
Authors: Nowacka‐Woszuk J. , Mackowski M. , Stefaniuk‐Szmukier M. , Cieslak J. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe equine graying with age causative mutation in the syntaxin‐17 gene (STX17) has been known for over a decade, but proper genotyping of this variant remains challenging due to its molecular character (4.6‐kb tandem duplication). Precise information on gray mutation status is important for horse breeders and veterinarians, since gray homozygous horses are more prone to developing aggressive melanoma tumors than heterozygotes. Since recent studies have confirmed that droplet digital PCR is a valuable technique for copy number analysis, we decided to investigate whether this method can be used for accurate genotyping of the horse graying‐related variant and established the copy numbers of the 4.6‐kb fragment in the available cohort (n = 75) of gray and nongray horses of various breeds. Surprisingly, we found that our STX17 genotype results varied from what has been previously published, suggesting that gray phenotype is associated with the presence of six (GG) or four (Gg) copies of studied region. All the examined nongray horses (gg) have the two copies of these fragments. This new pattern and its inheritance were also confirmed by an analysis conducted for the Polish Warmblood horse family. We noted no further copy number variation in the entire tested samples set. Our study confirmed the usefulness and accuracy of droplet digital PCR for genotyping STX17 gene variant. Further studies on a broader range of materials are needed to fully understand the origin and molecular structure of the graying causative mutation in the horse STX17.
T‐wave heterogeneity in standard resting 12‐lead ECGs is associated with 90‐day cardiac mortality in women following emergency department admission: A nested case–control study
Authors: Monteiro Felipe R. , Rabelo Evangelista Ana B. , Nearing Bruce D. , Medeiros Sofia A. , Tessarolo Silva Fernanda , Pedreira Giovanna C. , Ullman Edward , Gervino Ernest V. , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether T‐wave heterogeneity (TWH) can identify patients who are at risk for near‐term cardiac mortality.MethodsA nested case–control analysis was performed in the 888 patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of our medical center in July through September 2018 who had ≥2 serial troponin measurement tests within 6 hr for acute coronary syndrome evaluation to rule‐in or rule‐out the presence of acute myocardial infarction. Patients who died from cardiac causes during 90 days after ED admission were considered cases (n = 20; 10 women) and were matched 1:4 on sex and age with patients who survived during this period (n = 80, 40 women). TWH, that is, interlead splay of T waves, was automatically assessed from precordial leads by second central moment analysis.ResultsTWHV4‐6 was significantly elevated at ED admission in 12‐lead resting ECGs of female patients who died of cardiac causes during the following 90 days compared to female survivors (100 ± 14.9 vs. 40 ± 3.6 µV, p < .0001). TWHV4‐6 generated areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.933 in women (p < .0001) and 0.573 in men (p = .4). In women, the ROC‐guided 48‐µV TWHV4‐6 cut point for near‐term cardiac mortality produced an adjusted odds ratio of 121.37 (95% CI: 2.89–6,699.84; p = .02) with 100% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity. In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, TWHV4‐6 ≥ 48 µV predicted cardiac mortality in women during 90‐day follow‐up with a hazard ratio of 27.84 (95% CI: 7.29–106.36, p < .0001).ConclusionElevated TWHV4‐6 is associated with near‐term cardiac mortality among women evaluated for acute coronary syndrome.
Attitudes towards comparison of male and female genital cutting in a Swedish Somali population
Authors: Hanberger Adam , Essén Birgitta , Wahlberg Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn Sweden, the law treats female genital cutting (FGC) differently from male genital cutting (MGC). However, the comparability of the medical, ethical, and legal aspects of genital cutting of girls and boys are increasingly discussed by scholars, although little is known about how practicing communities view these aspects. This study aimed to explore attitudes towards comparison of genital cutting of girls and boys among Swedish Somalis, and to investigate factors associated with considering the two practices to be comparable.Material and methodsIn a cross‐sectional questionnaire with 648 Swedish Somali men and women from four Swedish cities, descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis.ResultsAmong the Swedish Somalis, 10% considered FGC and MGC to be comparable practices. A majority (98%) of the participants thought FGC could cause long‐term health complications, but only 1% considered the physical health disadvantage of MGC would outweigh the physical health benefits. FGC was perceived to be a violation of children's rights by 60%, whereas this proportion for MGC was 3%. Individuals who had a dominant bridging social capital and those who expressed that performing FGC follows religion were more likely to think that FGC and MGC were comparable practices.ConclusionsThe increased global attention and emphasis on the comparability of genital cutting of boys and girls was not reflected in this study among Swedish Somalis. Rather, attitudes reflected the common description of the two practices in global public health campaigns, portraying FGC as a harmful practice violating children's rights, while describing MGC as a public health measure. Social interactions and separation of FGC from religion could explain why FGC and MGC were not considered comparable.