bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A digital pathology tool for quantification of color features in histologic specimens
Authors: Reschke Melanie , DiRito Jenna R. , Stern David , Day Wesley , Plebanek Natalie , Harris Matthew , Hosgood Sarah A. , Nicholson Michael L. , Haakinson Danielle J. , Zhang Xuchen , Mehal Wajahat Z. , Ouyang Xinshou , Pober Jordan S. , Saltzman W. Mark , Tietjen Gregory T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn preclinical research, histological analysis of tissue samples is often limited to qualitative or semiquantitative scoring assessments. The reliability of this analysis can be impaired by the subjectivity of these approaches, even when read by experienced pathologists. Furthermore, the laborious nature of manual image assessments often leads to the analysis being restricted to a relatively small number of images that may not accurately represent the whole sample. Thus, there is a clear need for automated image analysis tools that can provide robust and rapid quantification of histologic samples from paraffin‐embedded or cryopreserved tissues. To address this need, we have developed a color image analysis algorithm (DigiPath) to quantify distinct color features in histologic sections. We demonstrate the utility of this tool across multiple types of tissue samples and pathologic features, and compare results from our program to other quantitative approaches such as color thresholding and hand tracing. We believe this tool will enable more thorough and reliable characterization of histological samples to facilitate better rigor and reproducibility in tissue‐based analyses.
Mixing Performance of Micromixers with Fractal Obstacles Based on Murray's Law
Authors: Hou Chunming , Li Lunxing , Lv Ruihong , Tian Zhuang , Chen Xueye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFractal obstacles with different geometric parameters based on Murray's law were designed. The obstacles were placed in T‐channels to disturb the flow of fluids. The influence of channel symmetry or asymmetry, branch angles, and the number of levels of obstacles on the mixing performance was studied. The mixing efficiency and pressure drop of the micromixers were calculated in the range of Reynolds numbers of 0.1–150, and the fluid flow in the microchannels was analyzed. The simulation results show that the fractal obstacles can generate chaotic convection in the microchannel of the micromixer and improve the mixing efficiency.
Elaborating the Iodine/Polyiodide Equilibrium Effects in Nanoporous Carbon‐based Battery Electrode via Extreme Mass Asymmetry in Hybrid Cells
Authors: Schranger H. , Khosravi S. , Fitzek H. , Abbas Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the conversion of electrodeposited iodine to polyiodides within the nanopores of carbon electrodes that affect the performance of iodide electrolyte‐based electrochemical cells. Here, carbon electrodes have been polarized in aqueous sodium iodide electrolyte to store charge in the form of solid iodine via highly reversible reaction (2I−⇌I2+2e−). The stored iodine within the pores interacts with free iodide ions present in the bulk electrolyte via comproportionation reactions leading to polyiodide (I3− and I5−) formations. By tuning the mass asymmetry of carbon electrodes in hybrid cells and using the in‐situ Raman spectroscopy on positive battery electrode, we show the influence of iodine/polyiodides equilibrium shifts on the self‐discharge and voltage rebounds during open circuit conditions. This study provides insights into the charging mechanisms of carbon electrodes for iodine‐based hybrid supercapacitors and battery systems.
Prevention of pathogen microorganisms at indoor air ventilation system using synthesized copper nanoparticles
Authors: Machry Karine , de Souza Clóvis W. O. , Aguiar Mônica L. , Bernardo André 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article describes the impregnation of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) in a polyester fibre filter that can be used in solid–gas filtration to retain the spread of pathogen microorganisms in indoor environments. The impregnation of the CuNP was achieved by spraying the suspension on the surface of filter media. An acid pretreatment was also evaluated to increase the adhesion between fibre and nanoparticle. The synthesis of the CuNP was done by chemical reduction. The bacterial effect was measured through the contact method for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and we demonstrate that the presence of CuNP to filter media reduced up to 99.99% of gram‐negative and 99.98% of gram‐positive bacteria. The pretreatment with HCl was a good alternative to filter modification due to the higher adhesion between CuNP and the fibre while the high efficiency against pathogen microorganisms was kept. The modification of filters with CuNP can improve the air quality of indoor environments, vanishing the pathogen microorganisms circulating in the air.
Electrochemical Dimethyl Sulfide‐Mediated Esterification of Amino Acids
Authors: Li Yongli , Wang Huamin , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionDimethyl sulfide‐mediated electrochemical synthetic strategy for esterification of amino acids has been reported. A series of amino acids could react smoothly with alcohols, affording the desired esterification products with good efficiency. Importantly, the tolerance of peptides and gram‐scale synthesis shed light on the utility of this protocol. Mechanistically, the dimethyl sulfide as a mediator plays an essential role in the transformation of amino acids.
PROTOCOL: The association between whole‐grain dietary intake and noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iqbal Wasim A. , Stewart Gavin B. , Smith Abigail , Errington Linda , Seal Chris J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur primary research questions are: (1) What is the association between whole grains (WG) intake and the prevalence of NCDs (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, mortality) and their biomarkers? (2) Which biomarker(s) has/have the greatest association with WG intake when combining multiple biomarkers together in the same analysis? Our secondary research question is: (3) Are there dose–response relationships between WG intake and biomarkers and prevalence of NCDs which could help inform a universal recommendation for WG intake?
Survival outcomes for cancer types with the highest death rates for adolescents and young adults, 1975‐2016
Authors: Lewis Denise Riedel , Siembida Elizabeth J. , Seibel Nita L. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Mariotto Angela B. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFive‐year relative survival for adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer diagnosed at the ages of 15 to 39 years is 85%. Survival rates vary considerably according to the cancer type. The purpose of this study was to analyze long‐term survival trends for cancer types with the highest mortality among AYAs to determine where the greatest burden is and to identify areas for future research.MethodsUsing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and the National Center for Health Statistics, the authors examined the incidence, mortality, and survival for the 9 cancer types with the highest mortality rates in this age group from 1975 to 2016. JPSurv, new survival trend software, was used in the analysis.ResultsResults suggested significant improvements in 5‐year relative survival for brain and other nervous system tumors, colon and rectum cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (all P values < .05). Limited or no improvement in survival was found for female breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and bone and joint sarcomas.ConclusionsFive‐year relative survival for multiple cancer types in AYAs has improved, but some common cancer types in this group still show limited survival improvements (eg, ovarian cancer). Survival improvements in colorectal cancer have been overshadowed by its rising incidence, which suggests a substantial disease burden. Future research should focus on female breast, bone, ovarian, and cervical cancers, which have seen minimal or no improvements in survival.Lay Summary

Survival trends for adolescents and young adults with cancer are presented from a 40‐year period.

Although survival progress is noted for brain cancer, lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and colon and rectum cancer, the incidence of colon and rectum cancer remains high.

Minimal progress is evident for female breast, bone, ovarian, and cervical cancers, which are in need of renewed focus.
On the distributed software architecture of a data analysis workflow: A case study
Authors: Tasgetiren Nail , Tigrak Umit , Bozan Erdal , Gul Guven , Demirci Emir , Saribiyik Hakan , Aktas Mehmet S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHybrid distributed computing software architectures gain great importance in data analysis workflows as the number of available underlying machine learning libraries and data storage systems increase. We argue that there is a need for novel approaches for software architecture designs that can enable machine learning data analysis workflows to run on top of different subsystem libraries. To address this need, we propose a hybrid distributed software architecture in this manuscript. The proposed architecture manages machine learning models for both supervised and unsupervised machine learning data analysis workflows. To show the usability of the proposed architecture, we implement a prototype for the banking sector as a case study. The prototype application includes two data analysis workflows: a workflow for predicting the loan usage tendency of customers, and a workflow for clustering the customers based on the usage patterns of banking loans. The prototype is tested on a large scale banking dataset. Performance tests were carried out to investigate the performance in terms of both responsiveness and scalability of the system. The results obtained reveal the usability of the proposed architecture.
The Kinetics of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Vinyl Monomers to 2,2,5,5‐Tetramethyl‐3‐imidazoline‐3‐oxides
Authors: Cherkasov Sergey A. , Semikina Anastasiya D. , Kaletina Polina M. , Polienko Yulia F. , Morozov Denis A. , Maksimov Alexander M. , Kirilyuk Igor A. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn our previous work [Edeleva et al. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 190–193], we proposed a versatile approach to the activation of the homolysis of an aldonitrone group–containing alkoxyamine by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to a vinyl monomer. Both nitroxide‐ and alkoxyamine‐containing aldonitrones were found to be capable of reacting with the activated alkenes. In the present study, the kinetics of these reactions with 11 different vinyl monomers were investigated using EPR and NMR spectroscopy, and apparent activation energies as well as pre‐exponential factors were determined. The influence of monomer structure on the rate of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is discussed. For the vinyl monomers typically used in nitroxide mediated polymerization (styrene, methyl methacrylate) the rate coefficient of cycloaddition to the nitroxide is around k(353 K) ∼4 ⋅ 10−4 L mol−1 s−1, whereas for n‐butyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone we observed the fastest cycloaddition reaction with k(353 K)=8 ⋅ 10−3 and 4 ⋅ 10−2 L mol−1 s−1 respectively.
Distribution and transport of microplastic and fine particulate organic matter in urban streams
Authors: Vincent Anna E. S. , Hoellein Timothy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlastic litter is accumulating in ecosystems worldwide. Rivers are a major source of plastic litter to oceans. However, rivers also retain and transform plastic pollution. While methods for calculating particle transport dynamics in rivers are well established, they are infrequently used to quantify the transport and retention of microplastics (i.e., particles < 5 mm) in flowing waters. Measurements of microplastic movement in rivers are needed for a greater understanding of the fate of plastic litter at watershed and global scales, and to inform pollution prevention strategies. Our objectives were to (1) quantify the abundance of microplastics within different river habitats and (2) adapt organic matter “spiraling” metrics to measure microplastic transport concurrent with fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). We quantified microplastic and FPOM abundance across urban river habitats (i.e., surface water, water column, benthos), and calculated downstream particle velocity, index of retention, turnover rate, and spiraling length for both particle types. Microplastic standing stock was assessed using a habitat‐specific approach, and estimates were scaled up to encompass the study reach. Spatial distribution of particles demonstrated that microplastics and FPOM were retained together, likely by hydrodynamic forces that facilitate particle sinking or resuspension. Microplastic particles had a higher downstream particle velocity and lower index of retention relative to FPOM, suggesting that microplastics were retained to a lesser degree than FPOM in the study reaches. Microplastics also showed lower turnover rates and longer spiraling lengths relative to FPOM, attributed to the slow rates of plastic degradation. Thus, rivers are less retentive of microplastics than FPOM, although both particles are retained in similar locations. Because microplastics are resistant to degradation, individual particles can be transported longer distances prior to mineralization than FPOM, making it likely that microplastic particles will encounter larger bodies of water and interact with various aquatic biota in the process. These empirical assessments of particle transport will be valuable for understanding the fate and transformation of microplastic particles in freshwater resources and ultimately contribute to the refinement of global plastic budgets.
Considering a risk profile based on emergency department utilization in young people with eating disorders: Implications for early detection
Authors: Redekopp Carlie , Dimitropoulos Gina , Patten Scott , Kassam Aliya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhile screening tools are available for the early identification of eating disorders, it may not be feasible to employ them in an emergency department (ED). Establishing a risk profile may improve the screening process. The purpose of this study was to investigate ED service utilization among patients with eating disorders and create a risk profile to help detect eating disorders at an earlier and more treatable stage.MethodWe applied a concurrent mixed methods research design, however, only the quantitative findings will be presented. Our study involved a retrospective cohort analysis of administrative ED health data for patients (n = 243) aged 12–24 years in an eating disorders program. Two control groups: (1) all‐cause (n = 716), (2) and mental health (n = 679) were included.Results68.7% of eating disorder patients were discharged from the ED without follow‐up being arranged. Comorbidities were recorded as the primary or secondary diagnosis, and patients presented with suicidality more frequently than controls (χ = 31.2, p < .001). Patients accessed ED services five times more often than controls.DiscussionDespite eating disorder patients accessing the ED more frequently than controls, eating disorder diagnoses were not always assigned or documented. Our findings highlight the importance of enhanced eating disorder training for ED health care staff to better understand the risk profile, and the consideration of comorbidities and suicide risk when assessing patients to ensure early detection.ConclusionAs eating disorders are often undetected, more comprehensive training and access to screening tools may help improve detection, mitigate symptom progression, and enhance patient safety.
Shared friends counterbalance shared enemies in old forests
Authors: Germain Sara J. , Lutz James A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMycorrhizal mutualisms are nearly ubiquitous across plant communities. Yet, it is still unknown whether facilitation among plants arises primarily from these mycorrhizal networks or from physical and ecological attributes of plants themselves. Here, we tested the relative contributions of mycorrhizae and plants to both positive and negative biotic interactions to determine whether plant–soil feedbacks with mycorrhizae neutralize competition and enemies within multitrophic forest community networks. We used Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear modeling to examine mycorrhizal‐guild‐specific and mortality‐cause‐specific woody plant survival compiled from a spatially and temporally explicit data set comprising 101,096 woody plants from three mixed‐conifer forests across western North America. We found positive plant–soil feedbacks for large‐diameter trees: species‐rich woody plant communities indirectly promoted large tree survival when connected via mycorrhizal networks. Shared mycorrhizae primarily counterbalanced apparent competition mediated by tree enemies (e.g., bark beetles, soil pathogens) rather than diffuse competition between plants. We did not find the same survival benefits for small trees or shrubs. Our findings suggest that lower large‐diameter tree mortality susceptibility in species‐rich temperate forests resulted from greater access to shared mycorrhizal networks. The interrelated importance of aboveground and belowground biodiversity to large tree survival may be critical for counteracting increasing pathogen, bark beetle, and density threats.
Customizable and Regioselective One‐Pot N−H Functionalization of DNA Nucleobases to Create a Library of Nucleobase Derivatives for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rocha Djenisa H. A. , Machado Carmen M. , Sousa Vera , Sousa Cristiana F. V. , Silva Vera L. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Borges João , Mano João F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDNA is one of the most exciting biomolecules in nature for developing supramolecular biofunctional nanoarchitectures owing to the highly specific and selective interactions between complementary Watson‐Crick base pairing. Herein, simple and one‐pot synthetic procedures have been implemented for producing a library of DNA nucleobase derivatives endowed with reactive functional groups for bioconjugation and cross‐linking strategies with other (bio)molecules. Purine and pyrimidine molecules have been regioselectively N−H functionalized either via N‐alkylation, N‐allylation, N‐propargylation or Michael‐type reactions and structurally characterized. The influence of the reaction conditions was assessed and discussed. The in vitro biocompatibility of the native and nucleobase derivatives was evaluated by culturing them with human fibroblasts, revealing their cytocompatibility. The library of nucleobase derivatives holds great promise for being coupled to different biomolecules, including biopolymeric materials, lipids, and peptides, thus potentially leading to modular supramolecular nanobiomaterials for biomedicine.
Enhanced sequestration of carbon dioxide into calcium carbonate using pressure and a carbonic anhydrase from alkaliphilic Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes
Authors: Heuer Jonas , Kraus Yasemin , Vučak Marijan , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCO2 in the atmosphere is a major contributor to global warming but at the same time it has the potential to be a carbon source for advanced biomanufacturing. To utilize CO2, carbonic anhydrase has been identified as a key enzyme. Furthermore, attempts have been made to accelerate the sequestration via pressure. This study aims to combine both approaches to achieve high sequestration rates. The carbonic anhydrase of the alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes (cahB1) and bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) are introduced into a high‐pressure reactor to catalyze the hydration of CO2 at up to 20 bar. The reactor is filled with a CaCl2 solution. Due to the presence of Ca2+, the hydrated CO2 precipitates as CaCO3. The impact of the carbonic anhydrase is clearly visible at all pressures tested. At ambient pressure a CO2 sequestration rate of 243.68 kgCaCO3/m3 h for cahB1 was achieved compared to 150.41 kgCaCO3/m3 h without enzymes. At 20 bar the rates were 2682.88 and 2267.88 kgCaCO3/m3 h, respectively. The study shows the benefit of a combined CO2 sequestration process. To examinate the influence of the enzymes on the product formation, the precipitated CaCO3 was analyzed regarding the crystalline phase and morphology. An interchange of the crystalline phase from vaterite to calcite was observed and discussed.
Demonstrating the feasibility of digital health to support pediatric patients in South Africa
Authors: Davies Elin Haf , Fieggen Karen , Wilmshurst Jo , Anyanwu Obuchinezia , Burman Richard Joseph , Komarzynski Sandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveResources for management of epilepsy in Africa are extremely limited reinforcing the need to develop innovative strategies for optimizing care. Studies have shown that the prevalence of epilepsy in low‐ and middle‐income countries is substantially greater than in more resourced countries. The objective of this report was to demonstrate that mobile Health (mHealth) technologies have the potential to improve the management of epilepsy in Africa.MethodsThe feasibility of technology‐based home monitoring was investigated in an observational study of 40 children with refractory epilepsy or epilepsy associated with intellectual disability and/or behavior difficulties in South Africa. Technology‐based home monitoring was implemented for six months. Physical activity, sleep, and heart rate were continuously monitored with a wearable device. Caregivers completed regular mobile Patient Reported Outcomes (mPROs) and reported seizures and ad hoc events using a dedicated app. Feasibility was assessed and descriptively measured for recruitment, retention, and engagement of the participants.ResultsThe mHealth technology was able to capture important information that gives an impression of the overall experience of the children and their caregivers. Thirty‐seven participants (94.9%) reported at least one clinical event. Seventy‐nine percent of caregivers reported seizure events in their children, which were the primary event anticipated. Median engagement with the wearable device and monthly mPROs was 30.8% and 57.1%, respectively. However, most participants (87%) had to be given smartphones for them to have Bluetooth capabilities and access to the study app. Tolerability to the device was impacted by the difficult living circumstances of caregivers that induced fear of loss or theft.SignificanceThe study showed how the use of remote patient monitoring in the form of mHealth can benefit epilepsy patients, despite highly variable engagement with the technology. The combination of mPROs and wearable devices generated informative datasets that will allow clinicians but also the children and their caregivers to better understand and manage the disease.
Bioactive substances and potentiality of marine microalgae
Authors: Wu Jinhong , Gu Xinzhe , Yang Danlu , Xu Shannan , Wang Shaoyun , Chen Xu , Wang Zhengwu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroalgae is one of the most important components in the aquatic ecosystem, and they are increasingly used in food and medicine production for human consumption due to their rapid growth cycle and survival ability in the harsh environment. Now, the exploration of microalgae has been gradually deepening, mainly focused on the field of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics. A great deal of studies has shown that microalgae have a variety of functions in regulating the body health and preventing disease, such as nitrogen fixation, antitumor, antivirus, antioxidation, anti‐inflammatory, and antithrombotic. Furthermore, microalgae can synthesize various high‐valued bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigments. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed the research progress of main bioactive components in microalgae, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and other nutrients included, as well as their present application situation. This paper can provide the guidance for research and development of industrial production of microalgae.