bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A One-Dimensional Probabilistic Convolutional Neural Network for Prediction of Breast Cancer Survivability
Authors: Salehi Mohsen , Razmara Jafar , Lotfi Shahriar , Mahan Farnaz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Today, machine learning plays a major role in different branches of the healthcare industry, from prognosis and diagnosis to drug development providing a significant perspective on the medical landscape for disease prevention or treatment and the improvement of human life. Recently, the use of deep neural networks in different machine learning applications has shown a great contribution to the improvement of the accuracy of predictions. In this paper, a novel application of convolutional neural networks on medical prognosis is presented. The proposed method employs a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to predict the survivability of breast cancer patients. After further examining the network architecture, a number of 8, 14 and 24 convolutional filters were considered within three layers, respectively, followed by a max-pooling layer after the second and third layers. In addition, regarding the probabilistic nature of the survivability prediction problem, an extra layer was added to the network in order to calculate the probability of the patient survivability. To train the developed 1D-CNN machine, the SEER database as the most reliable repository of cancer survivability was used to retrieve the required training set. After a pre-processing to remove unusable records, a set of 50 000 breast cancer cases including 35 features was prepared for training the machine. Based on the results obtained in this study, the developed machine could reach an accuracy of 85.84%. This accuracy is the highest level of accuracy compared to the previous prediction methods. Furthermore, the mean squared error of the calculated probability was 0.112, which is an acceptable value of error for a probability calculation machine. The output of the developed machine can be used reliably by physicians to make decision about the most appropriate treatment strategy.
Be Scalable and Rescue My Slices During Reconfiguration
Authors: Gausseran Adrien , Giroire Frederic , Jaumard Brigitte , Moulierac Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern 5G networks promise more bandwidth, less delay and more flexibility for an ever increasing number of users and applications, with Software Defined Networking, Network Function Virtualization and Network Slicing as key enablers. Within that context, efficiently provisioning the network and cloud resources of a wide variety of applications with dynamic user demand is a real challenge. We study here the network slice reconfiguration problem. Reconfiguring network slices from time to time reduces network operational costs and increases the number of slices that can be managed within the network. However, this affect the Quality of Service of users during the reconfiguration step. To solve this issue, we study solutions implementing a make-before-break scheme. We propose new models and scalable algorithms (relying on column generation techniques) that solve large data instances in few seconds.
The Reliability and Accuracy of Endoscopic Items and Scores Used in the Assessment of the Ileoanal Pouch and Cuff
Authors: Ardalan Zaid S , Con Danny , Chandran Sujievvan , Digby-Bell Jonathan , Gibson David , Pham Alan , De Cruz Peter , Tay Kwang , Bell Stephen , Sparrow Miles P , Gibson Peter R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCurrently used endoscopic items for the assessment of pouchitis and cuffitis have deficiencies in reliability and validation. We assessed the reliability and accuracy of new endoscopic items for pouchitis and of the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS] for cuffitis.MethodsThree new endoscopic items were assessed and included in the Monash pouchitis endoscopic subscore: bleeding [absent/contact/spontaneous]; erosions [absent/&lt;10/≥10]; and ulceration [absent/&lt;10%/≥10%]. Three raters evaluated 44 pouchoscopy videos in duplicates, in random order. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of all endoscopic items and UCEIS were assessed. Clinical and histological pouchitis disease activity index [PDAI] subscores were also assessed and faecal calprotectin was measured.ResultsAll three Monash endoscopic items had substantial intra-rater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] &gt;0.61 [95% CI &gt;0.61], compared with only ulcers from the currently used PDAI endoscopic subscore, but inter-rater reliability was only substantial for ulceration and no better than those of the currently used endoscopic items. The Monash endoscopic subscore had a strong positive correlation with the reference standard global endoscopic lesion severity r = 0.80 [95% CI 0.80-0.80] and the reference standard PDAI endoscopic subscore r = 0.70 [95% CI 0.67–0.73], which was higher than the correlation observed for the currently used PDAI endoscopic subscore. The UCEIS had substantial intra-rater reliability, but only fair inter-rater reliability and poor diagnostic performance for cuffitis.ConclusionsThe Monash endoscopic items, and endoscopic subscore they generate, have enhanced overall performance compared with the currently used PDAI items and subscore. Further validation and responsiveness to change in disease state are indicated.
Deep neural networks learn by using human-selected electrocardiogram features and novel features
Authors: Attia Zachi I , Lerman Gilad , Friedman Paul A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
We sought to investigate whether artificial intelligence (AI) and specifically deep neural networks (NNs) for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis can be explained using human-selected features. We also sought to quantify such explainability and test if the AI model learns features that are similar to a human expert.

Methods and results
We used a set of 100 000 ECGs that were annotated by human explainable features. We applied both linear and non-linear models to predict published ECG AI models output for the detection of patients’ age and sex. We further used canonical correlation analysis to quantify the amount of shared information between the NN features and human-selected features. We reconstructed single human-selected ECG features from the unexplained NN features using a simple linear model. We noticed a strong correlation between the simple models and the AI output (R2 of 0.49–0.57 for the linear models and R2 of 0.69–0.70 for the non-linear models). We found that the correlation of the human explainable features with either 13 of the strongest age AI features or 15 of the strongest sex AI features was above 0.85 (for comparison, the first 14 principal components explain 90% of the human feature variance). We linearly reconstructed single human-selected ECG features from the AI features with R2 up to 0.86.

Conclusion
This work shows that NNs for ECG signals extract features in a similar manner to human experts and that they also generate additional novel features that help achieve superior performance.
Permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve implantation using self-expandable, balloon-expandable, or mechanically expandable devices: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ravaux Justine M , Di Mauro Michele , Vernooy Kevin , Kats Suzanne , Mariani Silvia , Ronco Daniele , Actis Dato Giulia , Simons Jorik , Hof Arnoud W. Van’t , Maessen Jos G , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsPermanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) still limits the expansion of indications for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Comparison between different systems remains scarce. We aimed to determine the impact of the device type used on post-TAVI PPI.Methods and resultsA systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting the use of balloon-expandable valve (BEV), self-expandable valve (SEV), and mechanically expandable valve (MEV) and post-TAVI PPI. A network meta-analysis was used to compare TAVI mechanisms (Analysis A) and transcatheter heart valves (Analysis B) with respect to post-TAVI PPI. Analysis A included 40 181 patients with a pooled PPI rate of 19.2% in BEV, 24.7% in SEV, and 34.8% in MEV. Balloon-expandable valve showed lower risk compared to either SEV or MEV and SEV demonstrated lower risk for PPI than MEV. Implantation of BEV was associated with 39% and 62% lower PPI rate with respect to SEV and MEV. Implantation of SEV was associated with 38% lower PPI rate with respect to MEV. Analysis B included 36.143 patients with the lowest pooled PPI rate of 9.6% for Acurate Neo or others, and the highest pooled PPI rate of 34.3% for Lotus. CoreValve, Evolut Portico, and Lotus influenced significantly PPI rate, while Sapien group did not.ConclusionImplantation of BEV and also SEV were associated with lower post-TAVI PPI rate, while MEV were associated with higher post-TAVI PPI. Patient tailored-approach including devices characteristics may help to reduce post-TAVI PPI and to allow TAVI to take the leap towards extension of use in younger patients.Prospero numberCRD42021238671.
Association Between Early Antibiotic Therapy and In-Hospital Mortality Among Older Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
Authors: Putot Alain , Bouiller Kevin , Laborde Caroline , Gilis Marine , Fèvre Amélie , Hacquin Arthur , Manckoundia Patrick , Hoefler Florence , Bermejo Messaline , Mendes Aline , Serratrice Christine , Prendki Virginie , Sanchez Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
It is uncertain whether antibiotic therapy should be started in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. We aimed to investigate the association between early antibiotic therapy and the risk of in-hospital mortality in older patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective international cohort study (ANTIBIOVID) in 5 coronavirus disease 2019 geriatric units in France and Switzerland. Among 1357 consecutive patients aged 75 or older hospitalized and testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1072 had radiologically confirmed pneumonia, of which 914 patients were still alive and hospitalized at 48 hours. To adjust for confounders, a propensity score for treatment was created, and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (SIPTW) was applied. To assess the association between early antibiotic therapy and in-hospital 30-day mortality, SIPTW-adjusted Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.

Results
Of the 914 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, median age of 86, 428 (46.8%) received antibiotics in the first 48 hours after diagnosis. Among these patients, 147 (34.3%) died in hospital within 1 month versus 118 patients (24.3%) with no early antibiotic treatment. After SIPTW, early antibiotic treatment was not significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.63; p = .160). Microbiologically confirmed superinfections occurred rarely in both groups (bacterial pneumonia: 2.5% vs 1.5%, p = .220; blood stream infection: 8.2% vs 5.2%, p = .120; Clostridioides difficile colitis: 2.4% vs 1.0%, p = .222).

Conclusions
In a large multicenter cohort of older inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, early antibiotic treatment did not appear to be associated with an improved prognosis.
Autism Characteristics and Self-Reported Health in Older Adulthood
Authors: Lodi-Smith Jennifer , Rodgers Jonathan D , Kozlowski Karl , Khan Sarah , Marquez Luna Valeria , Long Caleb J , Donnelly James P , Lopata Christopher , Thomeer Marcus L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present research used a continuous measurement approach to extend the evidence that autism is associated with significant struggles in physical health as well as mental health and psychological well-being.

Methods
The relationship of autism characteristics to physical health and psychological well-being was examined in 294 individuals (M age = 70.51, SD age = 8.17, age range = 53–96). The sample is 57.4% female (n = 166) and primarily White (n = 270, 96.8%). The majority of the participants did not identify as having an autism diagnosis (n = 284, 96.6%). Participants completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Scale alongside self-report measures of physical health, mental health, and psychological well-being.

Results
Autism characteristics correlated strongly with challenges in social engagement due to poor health (r = 0.46), depression (r = 0.39) and anxiety (r = 0.47), limitations due to poor mental health (r = 0.41), satisfaction with life (r = −0.47), and psychological well-being (r = −0.62).

Discussion
These findings help shed light on the challenges experienced by individuals aging with elevated autism characteristics. The limitations of this study and prior work on this topic help identify important avenues for future research in this area.
Growing Older in the Shadow of Childhood Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: Women’s Reflections on Parenthood Experiences Throughout the Life Course
Authors: Gichaz Mili , Band-Winterstein Tova , Avieli Hila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The long-term effect of intrafamilial sexual abuse for the survivors’ parenting rarely focuses on older women who are mothers of adult children. The aim of this study was to explore the parenthood experiences of aging women survivors of intrafamilial sexual abuse, using the life course perspective as a conceptual framework.

Research Design and Methods
Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the narratives of 19 older women survivors of intrafamilial sexual abuse.

Results
The narratives revealed 4 themes: (a) “How did I raise those kids? I really do not know”: Early parenthood experiences of aging women incest survivors; (b) “This is a true gift they are giving me now”: Revealing the intrafamilial sexual abuse secret to the adult children; (c) “Is it possible to say that something good came out of it?”: Adult children as a victory over incest experiences; and (d) “When my granddaughter was born, I suddenly felt that I could not go near her”: Grandparenting in the shadow of incest memories.

Discussion and Implications
Aging seems to open up a new avenue for parent–child relationships in the shadow of the parent’s traumatic past, allowing reframing of parenthood in later life and demonstrating the power of parenthood as a source of healing in the lives of sexual abuse victims.
SPiRaL: a multiresolution global tomography model of seismic wave speeds and radial anisotropy variations in the crust and mantle
Authors: Simmons N A , Myers S C , Morency C , Chiang A , Knapp D R 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYSPiRaL is a joint global-scale model of wave speeds (P and S) and anisotropy (vertical transverse isotropy, VTI) variations in the crust and mantle. The model is comprised of &gt;2.1 million nodes with five parameters at each node that capture velocity variations for P- and S-waves travelling at arbitrary directions in transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI). The crust (including ice, water, sediments and crystalline layers) is directly incorporated into the model. The default node spacing is approximately 2° in the lower mantle and 1° in the crust and upper mantle. The grid is refined with ∼0.25° minimum node spacing in highly sampled regions of the crust and upper mantle throughout North America and Eurasia. The data considered in the construction of SPiRaL includes millions of body wave traveltimes (crustal, regional and teleseismic phases with multiples) and surface wave (Rayleigh and Love) dispersion. A multiresolution inversion approach is employed to capture long-wavelength heterogeneities commonly depicted in global-scale tomography images as well as more localized details that are typically resolved in more focused regional-scale studies. Our previous work has demonstrated that such global-scale models with regional-scale detail can accurately predict both teleseismic and regional body wave traveltimes, which is necessary for more accurate location of small seismic events that may have limited signal at teleseismic distances. SPiRaL was constructed to predict traveltimes for event location and long-period waveform dispersion for seismic source inversion applications in regions without sufficiently tuned models. SPiRaL may also serve as a starting model for full-waveform inversion (FWI) with the goal of fitting waves with periods 10–50 s over multiple broad regions (thousands of kilometres) and potentially the globe. To gain insight to this possibility, we simulated waveforms for a small set of events using SPiRaL and independent waveform-based models for comparison. For the events tested, the performance of the traveltime-based SPiRaL model is shown to be generally on par with regional 3-D waveform-based models in three regions (western United States, Middle East, Korean Peninsula) suggesting SPiRaL may serve as a starting model for FWI over broad regions.
Peripartum Exposure to Biologic Therapy Does Not Impact Postpartum Wound Healing in Women With IBD
Authors: Aboubakr Aiya , Gottlieb Zoë S , Riggs Alexa Rae , Johnson Shaelyn O’Hara , Jimenez Darwin , Rekawek Patricia , Mella Maria Teresa , Dubinsky Marla C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly affects women during childbearing years and often requires antepartum therapy. Data regarding effects of biologic exposure on delivery outcomes are limited. We explored whether peripartum biologic exposure impacts wound healing following cesarean section (C-section) and vaginal delivery (VD) in IBD patients.

Methods
Pregnancy and IBD data from the IBD Preconception and Pregnancy Planning (I-PrePP) Clinic database were collected and analyzed. Primary outcome was frequency of postpartum wound infection in women receiving peripartum biologics, defined as exposure in the third trimester and up to 2 weeks postdelivery relative to nonexposed patients. Secondary outcomes included effect of peripartum biologic timing and IBD phenotype on wound healing. Descriptive statistics summarized data using frequency for categorical variables and median for continuous variables. Univariate analyses tested associations when appropriate.

Results
Of 100 deliveries (interquartile range, 30–35; median, 33 years old), 58 were C-sections and 42 VDs. Peripartum biologic exposure occurred in 72% (42 of 58) and 57% (24 of 42), respectively. Median time from last dose to delivery was 6 (interquartile range, 4–8) weeks; 21 (32%) received biologics within 72 hours following delivery. Seven infections occurred following C-section among 5 unique CD patients. Peripartum biologic exposure was not associated with infection (4 of 66 [6%] exposed vs 3 of 34 [8.8%] nonexposed; P = .68), nor was disease activity (P = 1.0). Crohn’s disease (P = 0.02), internal penetrating phenotype (P &lt; .001), prior IBD surgery (P = .03), and prior postpartum infection (P = .04) were associated with infection.

Conclusions
Peripartum biologic exposure does not impair postpartum wound healing; however, patients with more complicated disease phenotypes require close monitoring.
IBD in the Postpartum Period: Spotlight on Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Bröms Gabriella 
Published: July 2021

Lay SummaryWith the peak incidence of IBD in the reproductive years, concerns related to pregnancy are frequently raised. This period is unique in that care involves more than one patient: the pregnant woman and her child/children. For long, focus has been primarily on infant outcomes. This study brings attention to maternal outcomes.
Barriers and Promises of the Developing Pigment Organelle Field
Authors: Figon Florent , Deravi Leila F , Casas Jérôme 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many colors and patterns in nature are regulated by the packaging and processing of intracellular pigment-containing organelles within cells. Spanning both molecular and tissue-level spatial scales with chemical and physical (structural) elements of coloration, pigment organelles represent an important but largely understudied feature of every biological system capable of coloration. Although vertebrate melanosomes have historically been the best-known and most studied pigment organelle, recent reports suggest a surge in studies focusing on other pigment organelles producing a variety of non-melanic pigments, optic crystals and structural colors through their geometric arrangement. In this issue, we showcase the importance of these integrative and comparative studies and discuss their results which aid in our understanding of organelle form and function in their native environment. Specifically, we highlight how pigment organelles can be studied at different scales of organization, across multiple species in biology, and with an interdisciplinary approach to better understand the biological and chemical mechanisms underlying color. This type of comparative approach provides evidence for a common origin and identity of membrane-bound pigment organelles not only in vertebrates, as was originally postulated 40 years ago, but in all animals. This indicates that we have much to gain by studying a variety of pigment organelles, as the specific biological context may provide important and unique insights into various aspects of its life. We conclude by highlighting some barriers to this research and discussing strategies to overcome them through a discussion of future directions for pigment organelle research.
Atrio-oesophageal fistula following atrial fibrillation ablation: how to manage this dreaded complication?
Authors: Moiroux-Sahraoui Alexander , Manceau Gilles , Schoell Thibaut , Combes Alain , Bouglé Adrien , Leprince Pascal , Vaillant Jean Christophe , Lebreton Guillaume 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Atrio-oesophageal fistula is a rare but serious complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Therapeutic options are surgery, oesophageal stenting and conservative treatment (antibiotics and anticoagulation). However, there are no guidelines available. Since no article dwells on the technical considerations of this surgery, we aim to present here our experience and share our surgical approach.

METHODS
Between January 2012 and March 2020, all consecutive patients treated for atrio-oesophageal fistula following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation at our institution were analysed retrospectively. The diagnosis was made on a set of clinical and radiological signs. All patients benefitted from a combined approach involving both digestive and cardiac surgeons. Femoro-femoral peripheral cardiopulmonary by-pass was used. The surgical approach was a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Atrial repair was done on fibrillating heart without cross-clamping, using a left atriotomy. Digestive management consisted of a total oesophagectomy.

RESULTS
We identified 6 patients with this complication. The median age was 53 [34–72] years. Symptoms were neurological symptoms, fever and chest pain. Diagnostic modalities were cerebral imaging, chest CT and transthoracic echocardiogram. Atrial repair consisted in a suture of the atrium or by using a pericardial patch. With a median follow-up of 3.1 [0.1–7.7] years, only one patient died during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Our experience shows that an aggressive surgery with a large resection of the oesophagus and left atrial repair by right thoracotomy in the same time provides good results. The ability to involve simultaneously both experienced digestive and cardiac surgical teams is the key for this strategy.