bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Availability of the α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Early Identification of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Study Using a Novel 18F-Label Radioligand PET
Authors: Wang Dawei , Yao Yong , Wang Shuxia , Zhang Huabei , He Zuo-Xiang 
Published: March 2021

Background: It has been confirmed that the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is an important target for identifying vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Previously, we successfully designed and synthesized a series of 18F-labeled PET molecular probes targeting α7nAChR, which are mainly used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the characteristics of α7nAChR in blood vessels, we have firstly screened for a suitable novel 18F-labeled PET molecular probe ([18F]YLF-DW), with high selectivity for α7nAChR over α4β2nAChR and a good effect for the imaging of atherosclerotic animal models, to effectively identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage. Meanwhile, we compared it with the “gold standard” pathological examination of atherosclerosis, to verify the reliability of [18F]YLF-DW in early diagnosis of atherosclerosis.Methods: The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques model of ApoE-/-mice were successfully established. Then based on the methods of 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, we designed oxazolo[4,5-b] pyridines and fluorenone compounds, which are targeted at α7nAChR. Through further screening, a novel alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor radioligand ([18F]YLF-DW) was synthesized and automatically 18F-labeled using a Stynthra RNplus module. Subsequently, we employed [18F]YLF-DW for the targeting of α7nAChR in atherosclerotic plaques and control group, using a micro-PET/CT respectively. After imaging, the mice were sacrificed by air embolism and the carotid arteries taken out for making circular sections. The paraffin embedded specimens were sectioned with 5 μm thickness and stained with oil red. After staining, immunohistochemistry experiment was carried out to verify the effect of micro-PET/CT imaging.Results: The micro-PET/CT imaging successfully identified the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries of ApoE-/-mice; whereas, no signal was observed in normal control mice. In addition, compared with the traditional imaging agent [18F]FDG, [18F]YLF-DW had a significant effect on the early plaques imaging of carotid atherosclerosis. The results of oil red staining and immunohistochemistry also showed early formations of carotid plaques in ApoE-/-mice and provided pathological bases for the evaluation of imaging effect.Conclusion: We innovated to apply the novel molecular probe ([18F]YLF-DW) to the identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries, to detect atherosclerosis early inflammatory response and provide powerful input for the early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions, which may play an early warning role in cardiovascular acute events.
Vasodilator Myocardial Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Superior to Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in the Detection of Relevant Coronary Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Their Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Haberkorn Sebastian M. , Haberkorn Sandra I. , Bönner Florian , Kelm Malte , Hopkin Gareth , Petersen Steffen E. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Guideline recommendations for patients with either a high or a low risk of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are clear. However, the evidence for initial risk stratification in patients with an intermediate risk of CAD is still unclear, despite the availability of multiple non-invasive assessment strategies. The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence for this population to provide more informed recommendations.Background: A meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of vasodilator myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (pCMR) and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) for the detection of relevant CAD. In contrast to previous work, this meta-analysis follows rigorous selection criteria in regards to the risk stratification and a narrowly prespecified definition of their invasive reference tests, resulting in unprecedentedly informative results for this reference group.Data Collection and Analysis: From the 5,634 studies identified, 1,306 relevant articles were selected after title screening and further abstract screening left 865 studies for full-text review. Of these, 47 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria resulting in a total sample size of 4,742 patients.Results: pCMR studies showed a superior sensitivity [0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.90) vs. 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81)], diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) [38 (95% CI: 29–49) vs. 20 (95% CI: 9–46)] and an augmented post-test probability [negative likelihood ratio (LR) of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.12–0.18) vs. 0.31 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.46)] as compared to DSE. Specificity was statistically indifferent [0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87) vs. 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83–0.93)].Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that pCMR has a superior diagnostic test accuracy for relevant CAD compared to DSE. In patients with intermediate risk of CAD only pCMR can reliably rule out relevant stenosis. In this risk cohort, pCMR can be offered for initial risk stratification and guidance of further invasive treatment as it also rules in relevant CAD.
Deep Learning Reveals Key Immunosuppression Genes and Distinct Immunotypes in Periodontitis
Authors: Ning Wanchen , Acharya Aneesha , Sun Zhengyang , Ogbuehi Anthony Chukwunonso , Li Cong , Hua Shiting , Ou Qianhua , Zeng Muhui , Liu Xiangqiong , Deng Yupei , Haak Rainer , Ziebolz Dirk , Schmalz Gerhard , Pelekos George , Wang Yang , Hu Xianda 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Its pathogenesis involves a dysregulated local host immune response that is ineffective in combating microbial challenges. An integrated investigation of genes involved in mediating immune response suppression in periodontitis, based on multiple studies, can reveal genes pivotal to periodontitis pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to apply a deep learning (DL)-based autoencoder (AE) for predicting immunosuppression genes involved in periodontitis by integrating multiples omics datasets.MethodsTwo periodontitis-related GEO transcriptomic datasets (GSE16134 and GSE10334) and immunosuppression genes identified from DisGeNET and HisgAtlas were included. Immunosuppression genes related to periodontitis in GSE16134 were used as input to build an AE, to identify the top disease-representative immunosuppression gene features. Using K-means clustering and ANOVA, immune subtype labels were assigned to disease samples and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was constructed. This classifier was applied to a validation set (Immunosuppression genes related to periodontitis in GSE10334) for predicting sample labels, evaluating the accuracy of the AE. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), signaling pathways, and transcription factors (TFs) involved in immunosuppression and periodontitis were determined with an array of bioinformatics analysis. Shared DEGs common to DEGs differentiating periodontitis from controls and those differentiating the immune subtypes were considered as the key immunosuppression genes in periodontitis.ResultsWe produced representative molecular features and identified two immune subtypes in periodontitis using an AE. Two subtypes were also predicted in the validation set with the SVM classifier. Three “master” immunosuppression genes, PECAM1, FCGR3A, and FOS were identified as candidates pivotal to immunosuppressive mechanisms in periodontitis. Six transcription factors, NFKB1, FOS, JUN, HIF1A, STAT5B, and STAT4, were identified as central to the TFs-DEGs interaction network. The two immune subtypes were distinct in terms of their regulating pathways.ConclusionThis study applied a DL-based AE for the first time to identify immune subtypes of periodontitis and pivotal immunosuppression genes that discriminated periodontitis from the healthy. Key signaling pathways and TF-target DEGs that putatively mediate immune suppression in periodontitis were identified. PECAM1, FCGR3A, and FOS emerged as high-value biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
Single-Pulse TMS to the Temporo-Occipital and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Evokes Lateralized Long Latency EEG Responses at the Stimulation Site
Authors: Jarczok Tomasz A. , Roebruck Friederike , Pokorny Lena , Biermann Lea , Roessner Veit , Klein Christoph , Bender Stephan 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–evoked potentials (TEPs) allow for probing cortical functions in health and pathology. However, there is uncertainty whether long-latency TMS-evoked potentials reflect functioning of the targeted cortical area. It has been suggested that components such as the TMS-evoked N100 are stereotypical and related to nonspecific sensory processes rather than transcranial effects of the changing magnetic field. In contrast, TEPs that vary according to the targeted brain region and are systematically lateralized toward the stimulated hemisphere can be considered to reflect activity in the stimulated brain region resulting from transcranial electromagnetic induction.MethodsTMS with concurrent 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was sequentially performed in homologous areas of both hemispheres. One sample of healthy adults received TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; another sample received TMS to the temporo-occipital cortex. We analyzed late negative TEP deflections corresponding to the N100 component in motor cortex stimulation.ResultsTEP topography varied according to the stimulation target site. Long-latency negative TEP deflections were systematically lateralized (higher in ipsilateral compared to contralateral electrodes) in electrodes over the stimulated brain region. A calculation that removes evoked components that are not systematically lateralized relative to the stimulated hemisphere revealed negative maxima located around the respective target sites.ConclusionTEPs contain long-latency negative components that are lateralized toward the stimulated hemisphere and have their topographic maxima at the respective stimulation sites. They can be differentiated from co-occurring components that are invariable across different stimulation sites (probably reflecting coactivation of peripheral sensory afferences) according to their spatiotemporal patterns. Lateralized long-latency TEP components located at the stimulation site likely reflect activity evoked in the targeted cortex region by direct transcranial effects and are therefore suitable for assessing cortical functions.
Postoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Advanced Oral Cavity Cancer in the Era of Modern Radiation Techniques
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Cha In-Ho , Choi Eun Chang , Kim Hye Ryun , Kim Hyung Jun , Kim Se-Heon , Keum Ki Chang , Lee Chang Geol 
Published: March 2021

Background/PurposeSurgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (RT) has been considered the standard treatment for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) of advanced stages or with adverse prognostic factors. In this study, we compared the outcomes in patients with OCSCC who received postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or postoperative RT alone using modern RT techniques.MethodsA total of 275 patients with OCSCC treated between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Adverse prognostic factor was defined as extranodal extension (ENE), microscopically involved surgical margin, involvement of ≥2 lymph nodes, perineural disease, and/or lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In total, 148 patients (54%) received CCRT and 127 patients (46%) received RT alone. More patients in the CCRT group had N3 disease and stage IVB disease (46.6% vs. 10.2%, p&lt;0.001), ENE (56.1% vs. 15.7%, p&lt;0.001), LVI (28.4% vs. 13.4%, p=0.033).ResultsWith a median follow-up of 40 (range, 5–203) months, there were no significant differences in the 5-year overall survival (OS) and PFS between treatment groups. In the subgroup analysis according to high risk, the concurrent use of chemotherapy showed significantly improved OS in patients with ENE (HR 0.39, p=0.003).ConclusionOur retrospective study showed that postoperative CCRT group had comparable survival outcomes to those in the RT alone group for advanced OCSCC in the era of modern RT techniques and indicated that concurrent chemotherapy should be administered to patients with ENE. Prospective randomized studies for confirmation are needed.
Knowledge, skills, and barriers to management of faecal incontinence in Australian primary care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ng Kheng-Seong , Soares Deanne S , Koneru Sireesha , Manocha Ramesh , Gladman Marc Antony 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundGPs play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with faecal incontinence (FI). However, their confidence and ability in this role are unknown.AimThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, skills, and confidence of GPs to manage FI in primary care, and identify barriers to optimal management.Design & settingA cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires of GPs attending health education seminars, which took place across Australian capital cities.MethodMain outcome measures included: (i) clinical exposure to and previous training in FI; (ii) knowledge and skills in screening, diagnosing, and managing FI; and (iii) barriers and facilitators to optimising care. Associations between demographics, training and knowledge and skills were assessed.ResultsSome 1285 of 1469 GPs (87.5%) participated (mean 47.7 years [standard deviation {SD} 11.3]). The vast majority reported poor clinical exposure to (88.5%) and training in FI management (91.3%). Subjectively, 69.7% rated their knowledge and skills in screening, assessing, and treating FI as suboptimal. The most commonly reported barrier to FI care was ‘insufficient skills’ (56.1%); facilitators were improved referral pathways (84.6%) and increased training (67.9%). GPs with more training had better knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 24.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.32 to 45.51) and skills (OR = 13.87, 95% CI = 7.94 to 24.24) in managing FI.ConclusionClinical exposure to and training in FI among GPs was poor. Accordingly, knowledge, skills, and confidence to manage FI was suboptimal. GPs recognise the importance of FI and that increased training and/or education and formalisation of referral pathways may improve the care of patients with FI in primary care.
A Retrospective Audit (Paper A) and the Effects of Educational Intervention (Paper B) on Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in School Teachers
Authors: Savarimuthu Monisha Kanya , Innamuri Raviteja , Tsheringla Sherab , Shonima A V , Mammen Priya Mary , Alwinneshe Merlin , Russell Sushila , Kuppuraj Jayanthi 
Published: March 2021

Aim and Objectives: Although inclusive education of children with intellectual disability is currently an accepted practice, it is often challenged by negative attitude of schoolteachers. We undertook two surveillance studies aimed atStudy A - identifying knowledge and teachers’ attitudes towards children with intellectual disability and practices of inclusive education in a semi-urban school of South India.Study B -Determining the effect of educational intervention towards attitudes on inclusive education.Method: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice surveillance questionnaires (KAP and ATPD) were given to ninety-six consenting schoolteachers in Study A and twenty schoolteachers in Study B and analyzed.Results: In Study A, the overall attitude mean indicated a favorable attitude towards the children with intellectual disability. The mean overall attitude score was 77.1 (SD: 9.58), with a normal distribution. Forty to fifty percent were aware of intellectual disability and attributed them to biological causes. Ninety-two percent agreed on the need for education and stepwise training for a child with an intellectual disability. In real-life practice, results of classroom management were inaccurate. In Study B, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards inclusive education improved with educational intervention with a positive change of 7.19% on the ATDP scale.Conclusion: These findings suggest a generally positive attitude towards intellectual disability and inclusive education. Comprehensive training programs improve knowledge and attitudes towards inclusive education.
A Qualitative Analysis of Language Textbooks from Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Dogan Guldenoglu Bilge Nur 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the Turkish language textbook in terms of students’ perspectives in a holistic approach. The participants consisted of 25 fifth-grade students who were selected according to the maximum diversity sampling method. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with students by an interview form. During the semi-structured interviews, instead of focusing on specific characteristics of the textbook, both design-related and contentrelated characteristics of the Turkish language textbook are investigated holistically. An inductive approach with a content analysis method was used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained in the study, it was determined that students are aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook and how it affects their educational process. In the discussion section, the findings obtained from students’ opinions about the language textbook and its reflections on their educational processes are discussed in detail in terms of the basic features found in a textbook.
Impact of Mental Health and Stress Level of Teachers to Learning Resource Development
Authors: Jimenez Edward C 
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at analyzing the mental health and stress level of teachers in the Schools Division in Central Luzon, Philippines. At the same time, it identified the relationship and impact of mental health and stress level of the teachers as regards learning resource development. The study employed a descriptive-correlation research design with the online survey as the primary data collection tool. The respondents came from the 25 elementary schools in Schools Division in Central Luzon. 205 teachers participated in the online survey using a simple random sampling technique. An adapted and modified questionnaire was used to gather data. For the statistical treatment of the study, the mean was used for the responses of the teachers and the relationship and impact; the study used Pearson-r and regression analysis.The study found that in terms of mental health, the teachers experience less than once a week of sleeping problems. For social well-being, teachers experience them almost every day. For the things that bother them, the teachers were not bothered at all. The teachers also have positive mental health and for the aspect of bouncing back, they responded neutrally. In terms of stress level, the teachers revealed that they sometimes experience such a thing. For the learning resource development, the response of the teachers was “strongly agree.” Also, there exists a low direct relationship between mental health level and the development of learning resources. To confirm the relationship, the regression analysis found that mental health significantly impacts the learning resource development of teachers. Based on the results above, the researcher provided some important recommendations for the study.
ТОВАРОЗНАВЧА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА МЕХАНІЧНИХ ОЛІВЦІВ
Authors: АРТЮХ Т.М. , ТЕРНОВА А.С. , ГРИГОРЕНКО І.В. 
Published: March 2021

Мета. Розробка процедури здійснення товарознавчої експертизи механічних олівців. Методика. Для експертизи механічних олівців використовувались органолептичні,інструментальні й експертні методи.
Результати. Аналіз експортно-імпортних операцій механічних олівців показує, що Україна здійснює їх реекспорт: у 2019-2020 роках найбільше даних товарів відправлялося у такі країни СНД, як Російська Федерація (59,6 та 64,3 % відповідно по роках), Республіка Молдова (18,3 та 18,6 %), Білорусь (11,9 та 7,1 %). Вся досліджувана продукція надходила в основному з Китаю (74,5 % у 2019 році та 60,2 – у 2020). У 2019 році механічні олівці надходили також з Японії (10,9 %), Німеччини (5,0), Швейцарії (3,2), Словаччини (1,8) та Чехії (1,5 %). У 2020 році їх також найбільше постачала Японія та Німеччина (18,3 та 10,4 % відповідно). Процедура здійснення товарознавчої експертизи механічних олівців включала такі етапи, як визначення мети, вибір критеріїв, визначення засобів, вибір методів. Об’єктами товарознавчої експертизи було обрано 5 зразків механічних олівців найпоширеніших торгових марок. Відповідно до поставлених завдань досліджувались показники: органолептичні (зовнішній вигляд) та механічні (зусилля утримування стрижня механізмом олівця від зсуву; зусилля утримування стрижня механізмом олівця від випадання; висування стрижня під дією власної ваги; величину подачі пишучого стрижня; відсутність зазору між металевим утримувачем і кришкою; міцність на вигин; якість клейових з'єднань корпусних деталей; встановлений ресурс олівця і утримувача). Усі досліджувані показники якості зразків механічних олівців відповідають встановленим нормативам.
Практична значимість результатів дослідження полягає у розробці критеріїв, засобів й методів товарознавчої експертизи механічних олівців, які можна використовувати в роботі підприємств.
МОНІТОРИНГ РИНКУ ТА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ
Authors: ГОЛОДЮК Г.І. , ГУРГУЛА Н.М. 
Published: March 2021

Мета. Огляд сучасного стану ринку, аналіз і прогнозування розвитку ринку торговельного обладнання, який дозволить керівництву промислових підприємств здійснювати об’єктивну оцінку ринкового середовища та оперативно реагувати на зміни ринкової ситуації.
Методика. У процесі проведення дослідженні використовувались аналітичні та статистичні методи обробки даних, були використані дані Держкомстату, матеріали статей та Інтернет-конференцій з даної теми дослідження. Базується на методах аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення.
Результати. Встановлено, що ринок торговельного обладнання в Україні має тенденції до збільшення обсягів реалізації, але й до більш жорсткої конкурентної боротьби. Основними чинниками конкурентоспроможності підприємств, що виготовляють торговельне обладнання в Україні, є технічний стан виробничого обладнання, його технологічність, ціна на продукцію, наявність постійних постачальників сировини, ступінь інтегрованості підприємства тощо. Проведено дослідження стану вітчизняного ринку та аналіз основних виробників торговельного обладнання, проведено оцінку якості торговельного обладнання одного з провідних виробників обладнання в Україні. Характер конкуренції на ринку торговельного обладнання визначається тим, що продукція різних виробників є досить однорідною. У зв’язку з цим одним з найважливіших факторів конкурентоспроможності виробників є ціна та швидкість виконання замовлення. Різниця в ціні торгового обладнання обумовлена різницею в ціні на сировину, різницею в ступені технологічності обладнання та інших факторів. Найбільшим виробником торгового обладнання в Україні є компанія «Modern-Expo», яка має 18 філій і займає 35% ринку, «Торпал» -20% ринку, «Алюр Плюс» - 15% ринку.
Практична значимість. Аналіз тенденцій розвитку вітчизняного ринку та якості торговельного обладнання дозволяє використовувати їх у наступних дослідженнях.