bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of fencing training symmetrisation on simple reaction time
Authors: Johne Monika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry.

Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System.

Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method.

Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.
Prison Ships
Authors: Jarvis Robert M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2026, New York City plans to close the VERNON C. BAIN, America’s only currently-operating prison ship. Although prison ships have a long history, both in the United States and elsewhere, surprisingly little has been written about them. Accordingly, this article first provides a detailed overview of prison ships. It then surveys the U.S. case law generated by them.
Pancreatic malignancy in the backdrop of chronic pancreatitis: How much to push the boundaries to achieve R0 resection
Authors: Joshi Kunal Sadanand , Bodepudi Sisir , Ganapathi Santhosh Kumar , Murugesan Chandrasekar , Balu Jagan , Subramanian Sankar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas are often more aggressive than tumors of the head and would have often undergone metastatic spread to other organs at the time of diagnosis. Most patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas present at a late stage. Surgery is only indicated in those patients in whom there is no evidence of metastatic spread. Surgery is often not possible in cancers of the body and tail of the pancreas if the tumor invades celiac artery. Controversy exists regarding the margin status impact of microscopic resection margin involvement (R1) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC. There are reports indicating the rate of R1 resections increases significantly after PD if pathological examination is standardized. In this report, we present the case of a 56-year-old female who had undergone lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis 8 years ago, but has now developed malignancy of the body and tail of the pancreas involving multiple organs. This patient underwent en bloc resection involving: 1. distal pancreatectomy with jejunal loop (lateral pancreaticojejunostomy) resection; 2. splenectomy; 3. left nephrectomy; 4. total gastrectomy; and 5. segmental colectomy with reconstruction by esophagojejunostomy, jejunojejunostomy, and colocolic anastomosis. The infrequent occurrence of tumor in the distal gland and advanced tumor stage at the time of diagnosis have both combined to produce therapeutic nihilism/dilemma in the minds of many surgeons. This report highlights the decision on how much to the push limits for multi-organ resection (en bloc resection with distal pancreatectomy, gastrectomy, splenectomy, colectomy, nephrectomy) with the intent of achieving R0 status in spite of the complexity of surgery in selected patients.
The evolving role of PARP inhibitors in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Levva Sofia , Skolariki Aglaia , Sogka Eleni , Bokas Alexandros , Assi Avraam , Pispirigou Marianna K. , Koliou Panagiotis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The field of ovarian cancer has been revolutionized with the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which present greater inhibition effect in epithelial subtype due to high rates of homologous recombination deficiency. PARP inhibition exploits this cancer pitfall by disrupting DNA repair, leading to genomic instability and apoptosis. Three PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib) are now approved for use in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, while others are under development. Among women with BRCA1/2 mutations, maintenance PARP therapy has led to a nearly fourfold prolongation of PFS, while those without BRCA1/2 mutations experience an approximately twofold increase in PFS. Differences in trial design, patient selection and primary analysis population affect the conclusions on PARP inhibitors. Limited OS data have been published and there is also limited experience regarding long-term safety. With regard to toxicity profile, there are no differences in serious adverse events between the experimental and control groups. However, combining adverse event data from maintenance phases, a trend towards more events in the experimental group, compared with controls, has been shown. The mechanisms of PARP-inhibitor resistance include restoration of HR through reversion mutations in HR genes, leading to resumed HR function. Other mechanisms that sustain sufficient DNA repair are discussed as well. PARP inhibitors play a pivotal role in the management of ovarian cancer, affecting the future treatment choices. Defining exactly which patients will benefit from them is a challenge and the need for HRD testing to define ‘BRCA-ness’ will add additional costs to treatment.
The Power of Reputation: A Case Study on Artistic Directors of Austria's Music Festivals
Authors: Kalser-Gruber Martina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reputation represents the standing of a person or organisation in the public field and illustrates/marks their contribution towards the implementation of collectively shared values and goals. From a business point of view, reputation belongs to the intangible assets of a company and is therefore part of the goodwill. Especially, the leader of an organisation—particularly in a cultural enterprise—shapes the external public image of the organisation, studies the impact of the image on the public consciousness by assessing public opinion about the organisation's achievements and consequently also gauges the economic and/or artistic success of the organisation.
Based on the statements of experts about music festivals of high culture in Austria alongside the big players such as Salzburg or Bregenz Festival, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between reputation of artistic directors (ADs) and the performance of cultural enterprises. It will also be demonstrated how the reputation of these individuals has an impact on tourism, hospitality and trade in the vicinity of cultural enterprises.
Specificity of Representation of Fake Information in Audiovisual Media Content
Authors: Shesterina A. M. 
Published: August 2021

The situation of uncertainty, which became a consequence of the pandemic, forced the audience to actively interact with the media. This effect is especially noticeable in the field of video information. Because of this, the ability to check the quality of such information and to detect a video fake is especially in high demand. Meanwhile, the researchers' interest is focused primarily on the verbal component of media content. In our study, we are trying to fill this gap and concretize the models of generating video fakes, their types, and reasons for their appearance.Based on the analysis of fake audiovisual content distributed in the media sphere in 2020 we identify two models of its appearance - synchronous and asynchronous. In the first case, fake is a result of distorting the video and audio of the work. In the second case, only one of the rows broadcasts a false idea. The latter case is dangerous in that the series of works that do not contain false information inspires confidence in the audience and makes it accept the media message as a whole.Also, in the study, we single out the most common types of fakes based on such characteristics as the degree of information distortion, the degree of reliability of spatial and temporal characteristics, and the degree of reliability of the source. We determine the most frequent markers of fakes in video works, namely: distortion of the shooting angle, concealment of the staged nature of filming, the use of animation and animation technologies that imitate newsreel footage, placement of inaccurate infographics in video work, fake news announcement, and publication.Among the most common reasons for the formation of video fakes, we note the desire to increase ratings, discriminate against specific individuals or organizations, draw attention to a real problem, and to entertain the audience.In the analysis of fake as a global phenomenon using the example of deepfake technology, we show how it can be used in constructively and destructively and emphasize the importance of developing media education to neutralize the negative consequences of the spread of fakes.
Peculiarities of Professional Media Education in 1920s: Methods of Training Military Correspondents (On the Example of the Magazine “Education and Upbringing”, 1924–1926)
Authors: Evdokimova E. V. 
Published: August 2021

The studies of the specialized military-political publications of the 1920s usually consider only approaches to organizing the political and educational work of commanders with personnel. Filling the gap, this article focuses on the media educational approach to the analysis of print media that examines the activities of newspapers and magazines as a kind of media platform for the training of regional workers and village correspondents (rabsel'cors), and military correspondents (voencors).The article reveals the main methods of training military correspondents by the specialized magazine “Education and upbringing”. Voencors were supposed to participate in creating a mass press, perform information functions and be propagandists, agitators, and organizers of the movement of military correspondents.Based on the analysis of the journal publications the author identifies the main approaches to rabsel'cors and voencors’ training: the introduction of special headings that attracted the Red Army soldiers to read periodicals and create wall newspapers; recommendations for establishing connections between military correspondents and village correspondents; publication of articles by the main authors of the journal on the organization of wall newspapers; analysis of military correspondents’ publications; responses to letters from readers.As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the military-political magazine “Education and upbringing” should be considered not only as a means of ideologically educating the serviceman of a new type but as a necessary guide for novice correspondents of specialized and universal media.
Sustainable Mortar Made with Local Clay Bricks and Glass Waste Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Hasan Zaid Ali , Abdulridha Shereen Qasim , Abeer S. Z. 
Published: August 2021

The present study involved assessing the replacement of fine aggregate in the mortar with sustainable local materials like clay bricks and glass included 168 specimens (cubes and prisms). Seven mixtures were cast for this work, one control mix (R1) with 100% natural sand whereas mixes from R2 to R5 have 10% and 20% replacing natural sand with waste clay bricks and waste glass separately and respectively. Mix R6 was included 20% replacing sand with combination waste materials (10% waste clay bricks with 10% waste glass). Mix R7 has involved the same percent of replacing the previous mix R6 but with adding Polypropylene fibers 1% by volume. The samples have put in an electrical oven for one hour at 200, 400, and 600 ᵒC then cooled to room temperature to be tested and compared with samples at normal temperature 24 ᵒC. Different mechanical tests were adopted involved flow tests, density, weight loss, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results at different temperatures were discussed where many findings were specified. The flexural strength at 400 ᵒC was showed improving by 56% for 20% waste clay brick and 69% with 10% waste glass, as well all combination mixes illustrated higher strength than the control. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091729 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Grain Size and Distribution on Mechanical Behavior of Dune Sand
Authors: Boudia Amel , Berga Abdelmadjid 
Published: August 2021

Sand is a major component of soils. It is widely used in manufacturing and construction. In geomechanics, one characterizes sand according to various aims. This paper investigates, for local sands, the effect of grain size and granular distribution on the mechanical behavior in terms of strength and stress-strain relationship. For this purpose, dune sands of the great Occidental Erg, from Algeria, are analyzed, according to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The study uses three kinds of sands. Every kind is divided into three sizes classes. Then, the experimental program conducts a set of direct shear tests, under various vertical stresses, using the small shear box (60 × 60 mm). The results show that the particle size and distribution have a direct effect on the mechanical behavior of the dune sand. Then, the dominant size class governs the natural sand behavior. Moreover, the peak shear strength increases as particle size increases. This indicates that there is an increase in peak friction angle with the increase of particles size and the sands consider as a purely cohesionless material. In addition, the experimental analysis shows that density and confinement stress is not sufficient to interpret the mechanical behavior. Indeed, mineralogy and surface state can influence the shear strength. These conclusions lead to the relevance of the sand genesis and the importance of the local materials thematic. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091730 Full Text: PDF
Optimization of the Concrete Composition Mix at the Design Stage
Authors: Lisienkova Liubov , Shindina Tatiana , Orlova Nina , Komarova Liudmila 
Published: August 2021

The problem of the composition optimization of concrete mixes seems to be quite urgent as errors at the composition design stage can lead to problems of concrete at the stage of exploitation such as delamination, cracking etc. Reasonable selection of concrete mix components guarantees the required strength of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in the future. This paper investigates the influence of the concrete mix composition on the strength of concrete. Firstly, typical risks that can occur on the composition design stage have been identified through the experts' interviews. Secondly, this risks were associated with indicators and characteristics that can be tested experimentally. Running of several mathematical models has allowed to outline concrete mix parameters of highest importance and formulate an empirical equation for the dependence of the strength of the concrete mixture on the values of the coarse aggregate quality factor, the fine aggregate fraction and the consumption of the Portland cement has been proposed. As a result, a methodology for controlling the quality of concrete at the stage of the composition design has been formulated. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091732 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Highway Traffic on Contamination of Roadside Soil with Heavy Metals
Authors: Abderrahmane Benabid , Naima Benmbarek , Tarek Mansouri , Abdelghani Merdas 
Published: August 2021

This study is one of the first works which examined the assessment of heavy metal contamination of pavement-side soils in Algeria. It deals with the section of National Highway 3 (RN3), which crosses the wilaya of Batna. In the environment of sampling sites there is no industry or dangerous activity on the environment, the heavy metals addressed in this study are (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn), their origin being road traffic. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the concentrations of heavy metals in road dust; (2) Identify the sources of different heavy metals in soils and road dust; (3) Exploring the extent of heavy metal pollution in neighbouring soils. To this end, 33 samples were collected, including 03 road dust and 30 soil samples over different distances from 1m to 80m. The samples were analyzed by FRX. Results indicated that concentrations in road dust were higher than in soil. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations in dust is Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni, and the distribution in the ground is Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni in the direction of Biskra and in the opposite direction and decreases away from the road, while the distribution in the central solid ground is Fe> Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni. Climatic conditions such as wind, rainfall, temperature, humidity and the nature of the terrain were also significantly related to their enrichment in these roadside soils. The enrichment factor (EF) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated, as well as all elements with a (EF) that ranges from moderate to high to extremely contaminated, reflecting the high anthropogenic load of these metals in the study area and the results of the Igéo accumulation indices confirm the results obtained for the enrichment factor (EF). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091736 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Debt to Asset Ratio, Return on Equity, and Current Ratio on Stock Prices of Pharmaceutical Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2019 Period
Authors: Onny Siagian Ade , Wijoyo Hadion , Cahyono Yoyok 
Published: August 2021

This research aims to determine: The influence of Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), and Return on Equity (ROE) either partially or simultaneously on Stock Price of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2016-2019 period. Data were taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. Analysis prerequisite test including normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical results also show that the current ratio (X1) and return on equity (X3) partially have a positive and significant effect on stock prices (Y). Debt to asset ratio (X2) partially does not have a significant effect on stock prices (Y). Simultaneously current ratio (X1), debt to asset ratio (X2), and return on equity (X3) have a positive and significant effect on stock prices (Y).
विश्वव्यापीकरण र राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षाका चुनौतीहरू
Authors: आचार्य विष्णु प्रसाद 
Published: August 2021

विश्वव्यापीकरणले वस्तु, सेवा, पुँजी, प्रविधि, सूचना, सीमा विहीन स्वतन्त्रता तथा सुरक्षालाई समेत अन्तर्राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ । परम्परागत राज्य केन्द्रित सुरक्षाबाट मानवीय सुरक्षा केन्द्रित अवधारणामा यसको रूपान्तरण भएको छ । विश्वव्यापीकरण सँगै अन्तर्सम्बन्धित सूचना–प्रविधि, आर्थिक खुलापन, सङ्गठित अपराध, सम्पत्ति–शुद्धीकरण, आतङ्कवादी गतिविधि, श्रम–आप्रवासन, बढ्दो व्यापार–घाटा, साइबर–आतङ्क, जलवायु परिवर्तन र वातावरणीय असन्तुलन, मानव सिर्जित विपद जस्ता विभिन्न कारणले कुनै पनि मुलुकको राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षामा चुनौती थपिएको छ । यस्ता चुनौतीले अल्पविकसित तथा विकासोन्मुख राष्ट्रहरूको राष्ट्रिय क्षमतामा ह्रास आएको छ । यस्तै इन्डोप्यासिफिक रणनीति र बेल्टएण्ड रोड इनिसिएटिभ जस्ता सामरिक एवं सञ्जालीकृत विषयहरूमा सन्तुलित कूटनीति अँगाल्नु हाम्रो जस्ता राष्ट्रका नवीन सुरक्षा चुनौतीहरू हुन् । आन्तरिक राजनीतिमा बाह्य शक्ति राष्ट्र र सङ्गठनको दबाबले पनि सार्वभौमसत्तामा नकारात्मक प्रभाव परिरहेको देखिन्छ । अत: मुलुकका सुरक्षा अङ्गहरूको थप सक्षमता र मानवीय सुरक्षाका आयामलाई प्राथमिकता दिँदै राष्ट्रिय हितका आधारमा विदेश नीतिको सञ्चालनले उल्लिखित चुनौती समाधान गर्न सकिन्छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका क्रममा विश्वव्यापीकरण र राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षाको अवस्था/स्वरूप के छ ? यसमा देखापरेका चुनौतीहरू के के हुन् ? जस्ता प्रश्नहरूमा केन्द्रित हुँदै विश्वव्यापीकरण तथा राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षाको विद्यमान अवस्था/स्वरूप माथि प्रकाश पार्नु र यसका समाधानका उपायहरूको निरूपण गर्नु जस्ता विषयलाई यस इरोध लेखमा मुख्य उदेश्य बनाइएको छ । अध्ययनलाई पूर्णता दिन र सामग्रीहरूको सङ्कलन गर्न प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयको स्रोत–सामग्रीहरूको उपयोग गर्दै प्राप्त सामग्रीहरूलाई बर्णनात्मक, विश्लेषणात्मक शोधविधिका केन्द्रीयतामा चर्चा गरिएको छ । अत:विद्यमान विश्वव्यापीकरणका पृष्ठभूमिमा मुलुकको राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा र यसमाथि देखिएका चुनौतीहरू के के हुन् ? त्यसको समाधानका निम्ति प्रस्तुत अध्ययनले एउटा कोसेढुङ्गाकै रूपमा ठोस उपलब्धि प्रदान गर्ने छ भन्ने सन्दर्भमा स्पष्ट हुन सकिन्छ ।
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb) PADA JAJANAN GORENGAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Kahar Bella A.Nurul Fitrah Kahar Bella , Rappe Erlani 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKTimbal adalah partikel-partikel debu yang dihasilkan dari emisi kendaraan bermotor. Timbal (Pb) adalah logam yang mendapat perhatian karena bersifat toksik melalui makanan, minuma, udara, air, serta debu yang tercemar timbal. Inseksitas timbal bisa terjadi melalui jalur oral, lewat makanan, dan minuman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar timbal pada jajanan gorengan di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional pendekatan deskriptif. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 24 sampel yakni sampel gorengan bakwan, sampel gorengan pisang dan sampel minyak goreng yang diambil pada delapan lokasi yang sama. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dilapangan dan pemeriksaan laboratorium dalam penelitian ini akan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan timbal pada jajanan gorengan di Kota Makassar untuk nilai kadar timbal tertinggi gorengan bakwan yaitu 6,3397 mg/kg, untuk sampel gorengan pisang nilai kadar timbal tertinggi yaitu 8,7637 mg/kg dan untuk sampel minyak goreng yang digunakan nilai kadar timbal yaitu < 0,10 mg/kg. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kandungan timbal pada jajanan gorengan di Kota Makassar sesuai dengan peraturan tidak memenuhi syarat untuk jajanan gorengan berdasarkan BPOM RI Nomor HK.00.06.1.52.4011 yaitu 0.25 mg/kg. dan pemeriksaan kandungan timbal pada minyak goreng memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan peraturan berdasarkan SNI 01-3741-2002 yaitu 0,1 mg/kg. Diharapkan bagi pedagang kaki lima yang menjual dipinggir jalan agar jajanan gorengan yang dijual dalam kondisi tetutup untuk meminimalir terpaparnya timbal. Kata Kunci : Timbal (Pb), Gorengan, Minyak Goreng