bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Study-Abroad on Pragmatic Transfer
Authors: Osuka Naoko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twenty-two Japanese college students completed a multimedia elicitation task (MET) before and after studying in the US for one semester, together with twenty-two L1 English speakers and twenty L1 Japanese speakers as baseline data. The MET is a computer-based instrument for eliciting oral data. Unlike previous studies on pragmatic transfer, which often lack statistical evidence, this study includes statistical analysis. The analysis revealed that negative pragmatic transfer occurs within a limited range. The identified transfer includes pragmalinguistic transfer, whereby, assuming that their politeness levels are equal, learners directly translate L1 expressions into L2; and sociopragmatic transfer, whereby learners transfer L1 discourse patterns and functions. Resistance to L2 norms and increased fluency can be influencing factors. The results indicated that the effect of study-abroad is limited because most of the negative transfer which was identified before studying abroad remained after studying abroad. Thus, the necessity of explicit pragmatic instruction was proposed.
Sustainable Corporate Governance: A Way Forward?
Authors: Knapp Vanessa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This article looks at proposals to improve sustainable corporate governance of companies. These include: how to deal with shareholder primacy; a proposed requirement for companies to have an overarching purpose “to create sustainable value within planetary boundaries;” a directors’ duty to promote the undertaking’s interests to fulfil its overarching purpose; a directors’ duty to balance stakeholders’ interests; a duty to undertake a due diligence sustainability assessment; company and director liability for breaches; stakeholder enforcement of directors’ duties and public enforcement of directors’ duties. It considers problems with the proposals. It suggests alternative ways to make companies’ corporate governance more sustainable, including: improved corporate reporting relating to engagement with key stakeholders and how this contributes to the company’s long-term sustainability; better viability reporting by companies; reporting on capital allocation; better stewardship similar to the UK Stewardship Code 2020; more collaborative engagement by shareholders with companies in a manner similar to that promoted by the UK Investor Forum; making requisitioning of resolutions work better in practice; and, possibly, a vote on whether the company is creating sustainable value in the long term (a say on sustainability).
Selective catalytic reduction of NO by Co-Mn based nanocatalysts
Authors: Zabihi Vahid , Eikani Mohammad Hasan , Ardjmand Mehdi , Latifi Seyed Mahdi , Salehirad Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the most significant aspects in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developing suitable catalysts by which the process occurs in a favorable way. At the present work SCR reaction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) was conducted using Co-Mn spinel and its composite with Fe-Mn spinel, as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalysts were fabricated through liquid routes and then their physicochemical properties such as phase composition, degree of agglomeration, particle size distribution, specific surface area and also surface acidic sites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) analysis techniques. The catalytic activity tests in a temperature window of 150–400 °C and gas hourly space velocities of 10,000, 18,000 and 30,000 h−1 revealed that almost in all studied conditions, CoMn2O4/FeMn2O4 nanocomposite exhibited better performance in SCR reaction than CoMn2O4 spinel.
Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-25% Si alloy assisted by phosphorus addition
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-25% Si alloys with and without phosphorus addition were investigated. The average size of the primary Si firstly decreased and then increased with the rise of the ultrasonic intensity. The minimum value is about 25.4 and 32.8 μm when the ultrasonic intensity is 900 W with phosphorus addition and 1 200 W without phosphorus addition. The average number of primary Si per unit area firstly increased and then decreased in both alloys with increasing of ultrasonic intensity. Both tensile strength and elongation were improved mainly due to the refinement of microstructure by UST. Finally, the mechanism of UST on the primary Si is discussed.
Vom Wert des Wissens und Vertrauens in Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen in Zeiten der Coronavirus-Pandemie
Authors: Kaltenborn Karl-Franz 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anhand einer bibliometrischen Untersuchung der Veröffentlichungen von sechs Wissenschaftlern bzw. Ärzten wird deren wissenschaftliche Expertise zum Thema Covid-19 untersucht und in Beziehung zu ihren Empfehlungen im Umgang mit der Pandemie gesetzt.
Ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide induced vasculitis in rats: a new predictive model
Authors: Thakur Vandana R. , Mehta Anita A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Currently, there are several animal models for vasculitis. Ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide (OVA, LPS) are well established for causing inflammation and used as an adjunct in the vasculitis induction. However, to date, none has established the effect of OVA and LPS in disease induction. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a new animal model for vasculitis using OVA/LPS in rats.

Methods
A total of 42 Wistar rats were divided randomly into seven groups (n=6/group), normal control, and three different doses (0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg) of OVA and LPS treated groups. Half of the rats in each group received only intraperitoneal sensitization, while the remaining half rats were additionally subjected to a one-week intranasal challenge.

Results
Results showed that both OVA/LPS in their respective groups have significantly increased circulating inflammatory cells, C-reactive protein (CRP), Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), Kidney damage markers (BUN, Creatinine), and liver function enzymes (AST, ALT) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
OVA/LPS induced vascular inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the higher (5 mg/kg) dose of ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide has contributed to severe vascular inflammation through increasing inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that OVA/LPS may contribute as a possible model for vasculitis in rats.
Recovery of a Lamé parameter from displacement fields in nonlinear elasticity models
Authors: Carrillo Hugo , Waters Alden 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study some inverse problems involving elasticity models by assuming the knowledge of measurements of a function of the displaced field.
In the first case, we have a linear model of elasticity with a semi-linear type forcing term in the solution.
Under the hypothesis the fluid is incompressible, we recover the displaced field and the second Lamé parameter from power density measurements in two dimensions.
A stability estimate is shown to hold for small displacement fields, under some natural hypotheses on the direction of the displacement, with the background pressure fixed.
On the other hand, we prove in dimensions two and three a stability result for the second Lamé parameter when the displacement field follows the (nonlinear) Saint-Venant model when we add the knowledge of displaced field solution measurements.
The Saint-Venant model is the most basic model of a hyperelastic material.
The use of over-determined elliptic systems is new in the analysis of linearization of nonlinear inverse elasticity problems.
Real-world evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with bendamustine-containing regimens
Authors: Pezzullo Luca , Giudice Valentina , Serio Bianca , Fontana Raffaele , Guariglia Roberto , Martorelli Maria Carmen , Ferrara Idalucia , Mettivier Laura , Bruno Alessandro , Bianco Rosario , Vaccaro Emilia , Pagliano Pasquale , Montuori Nunzia , Filippelli Amelia , Selleri Carmine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation during chemotherapy or after organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the risk of reactivation increases with patients’ age. Bendamustine, an alkylating agent currently used for treatment of indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas, can augment the risk of secondary infections including CMV reactivation. In this real-world study, we described an increased incidence of CMV reactivation in older adults (age >60 years old) with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory indolent and aggressive diseases treated with bendamustine-containing regimens. In particular, patients who received bendamustine plus rituximab and dexamethasone were at higher risk of CMV reactivation, especially when administered as first-line therapy and after the third course of bendamustine. In addition, patients with CMV reactivation showed a significant depression of circulating CD4+ T cell count and anti-CMV IgG levels during active infection, suggesting an impairment of immune system functions which are not able to properly face viral reactivation. Therefore, a close and early monitoring of clinical and laboratory findings might improve clinical management and outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients by preventing the development of CMV disease in a subgroup of subjects treated with bendamustine more susceptible to viral reactivation.
Crystal structure of (E)-(2-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazineyl)(amino)methaniminium nitrate monohydrate, C6H12N6O4
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu Xiao-jing , Li Zhuang-Yu , Liu E. , Jian Fang-fang , Liang Tongling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C6H12N6O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3652(3) Å, b = 16.8683(7) Å, c = 8.3779(3) Å, β = 101.525(4)°, V = 1019.87(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0349, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1018, T = 170 K.
Numerical results for influence the flow of MHD nanofluids on heat and mass transfer past a stretched surface
Authors: Abd Elazem Nader Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to its significant applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering, some interest has been given in recent years to research the boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids. The numerical results were analyzed for temperature profile, concentration profile, reduced number of Nusselt and reduced number of Sherwood. It has also been shown that the magnetic field, the Eckert number, and the thermophoresis parameter boost the temperature field and raise the thermal boundary layer thickness while the Prandtl number reduces the temperature field at high values and lowers the thermal boundary layer thickness. However, if Lewis number is higher than the unit and the Eckert number increases, the concentration profiles decrease as well. Ultimately, the concentration profiles are reduced for the variance of the Brownian motion parameter and the Eckert number, where the thickness of the boundary layer for the mass friction feature is reduced.
Reasons for Resisting Darwinism, and Why They Should Not Be Credited
Authors: Attfield Robin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plantinga argues that Darwinism implies that we cannot help adopting our apparently reflective beliefs, and that this is a reason for rejecting Darwinism. I argue that similar arguments apparently apply to the beliefs crucial to deliberation, meaningful work, meaningful relationships, meaningful communication and creativity. But these arguments apply to deterministic versions of Darwinism only. Cogent non-deterministic versions have been propounded by Popper, Rose, Lewontin, Ward and Miller (those of Ward and Miller being theistic versions). These versions are presented, as is Midgley’s account of how evolution has endowed us with a mix of desires that prepare the way for choice. Plantinga-type arguments pose no problem for such non-deterministic Darwinisms.
Lexical analyses of the function and phonology of Papuan Malay word stress
Authors: Kaland Constantijn , Kluge Angela , van Heuven Vincent J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The existence of word stress in Indonesian languages has been controversial. Recent acoustic analyses of Papuan Malay suggest that this language has word stress, counter to other studies and unlike closely related languages. The current study further investigates Papuan Malay by means of lexical (non-acoustic) analyses of two different aspects of word stress. In particular, this paper reports two distribution analyses of a word corpus, 1) investigating the extent to which stress patterns may help word recognition and 2) exploring the phonological factors that predict the distribution of stress patterns. The facilitating role of stress patterns in word recognition was investigated in a lexical analysis of word embeddings. The results show that Papuan Malay word stress (potentially) helps to disambiguate words. As for stress predictors, a random forest analysis investigated the effect of multiple morpho-phonological factors on stress placement. It was found that the mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ play a central role in stress placement, refining the conclusions of previous work that mainly focused on /ɛ/. The current study confirms that non-acoustic research on stress can complement acoustic research in important ways. Crucially, the combined findings on stress in Papuan Malay so far give rise to an integrated perspective to word stress, in which phonetic, phonological and cognitive factors are considered.
Politeness in professional contexts: foreign-language teacher training
Authors: Mugford Gerrard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the professional context of teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), whose first language is not English but who are required to help learners adhere to target-language (TL) politeness norms and practices. Many of these teachers have had little or no contact with TL countries/cultures and have limited professional training in this area. This paper highlights the specific context of 39 Mexican EFL teachers who reflected on their understandings and “teaching” of politeness. I argue that by employing existing resources and knowledge and with further training, bilingual teachers can be helped to take “possession” of politeness rather than having to unquestioningly teach appropriate, socially-accepted, socially-expected usage.
Liquid-liquid extraction of Nd+3 and Eu+3 from aqueous medium using oxytetracycline in dichloromethane
Authors: Shahida Shabnam , Hayat Faisal , Ali Akbar , Khan Muhammad Imran , Zafar Shagufta , Shah Khizar Hussain , Ahmad Nasar , Farooq Umar , Shanableh Abdallah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction system consisting of oxytetracycline (HOTC) in dichloromethane was developed for extraction of Nd+3 and Eu+3 from acidic solutions using radiometric technique. Various extraction parameters such as pH, equilibration time and metals concentration were optimized. Slope analysis method was used to study the composition of product and was found to be M(OTC)3 [here M=Nd+3 or Eu+3 and OTC = conjugate base of HOTC]. Among cations Al+3 and Fe+3 while among anions F− effected the extraction of these metals. Higher separation factor of these metals was found with many others. The method was successfully applied on spiked sea water.
Double argument marking in Timok dialect texts (in Balkan Slavic context)
Authors: Escher Anastasia 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIdioms of the Torlak dialect (spoken in southeast Serbia and western Bulgaria) are known for their “double affiliation”. On the one hand, by virtue of their historical and phonetic features, they belong to the western range of the South Slavic dialectic continuum. On the other hand, according to their morphosyntactic characteristics (the presence of the post-positive article, the reduced case system, etc.), they adhere to the eastern range (i. e. Balkan Slavic). This paper views the innovative features of Torlak syntax from a strictly synchronic perspective and as a phenomenon of double (i. e. both head- and dependent-) argument marking. It is argued that cases of double argument marking in Torlak appear when several conditions are met. In order to be archaically marked with an overt relict case marker, a nominal group should either refer to the a-declension or, in case of the other declension types, assume a prominent position not only on the animacy scale but also on the scale of emotional involvement. In order to be innovatively indexed by a bound personal form (Haspelmath 2013), the argument should create the most favourable pragmatic and semantic conditions for the possible (optional) occurrence of argument indexing, i. e. be a derhematised and highly individualised Patient.
Kommentare zu gesellschaftlichen Themen und ihre charakteristischen Züge in ausgewählten polnischen Tageszeitungen
Authors: Szwed Iwona , Bilut-Homplewicz Zofia , Mac Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Commonly, press comments lie at the border between media studies and text linguistics. In this contribution, we focus on press comments and their main characteristics by devoting our analysis to press-based social commentaries deriving from Polish daily newspapers. Aiming at highlighting differences that are present in the writing culture of German and Polish philology, we first discuss specificities apparent in the research of both philologies. In the second part of this contribution, we discuss the results of our analyses. We do so by emphasising the structure of the textual whole and – by using numerous examples – pointing out evolving syntactical and lexical characteristics. Over the course of this study, the differences in regional and local press are of particular interest.
The representation of Yusra Mardini as a Refugee Olympic Athlete: A sociological analysis
Authors: Michelini Enrico 
Published: April 2021

Summary
This article explores the representation of Yusra Mardini as a refugee Olympic athlete. Her participation in the 2016 Olympic Games is analyzed through different areas of programming of the mass media and, specifically, through Mardini’s autobiography, documents of the International Olympic Committee, and German newspapers. A qualitative content analysis is carried out and a systems theoretical framework applied. The results reveal that Mardini’s refugee background was both an obstacle and an advantage for her career within the sport system. The establishment of the Refugee Olympic Team generated positive response from the International Olympic Committee but also exposed contradictions in its inclusion rules. The newspapers showed a strong interest in Mardini and presented her as a hero, downplaying her performances and emphasizing her life story. Following an analysis of the interconnections between these different representations, the discussion turns to the mechanisms that go beyond the inclusion of Mardini in professional sports and focuses on the latent information within the materials.
Determination of pseudo-refractive index in self-assembled ligand layers from spectral shift of surface plasmon resonances in colloidal silver nanoplates
Authors: Malakhovsky Pavel , Murausky Dmitry , Guzatov Dmitry , Gaponenko Sergey , Artemyev Mikhail 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examined systematically how self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of different mercaptoacids affect the spectral shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance in silver nanoplates and nanospheres. We observed a clear trend in the magnitude of a redshift with a molecular length or the SAM thickness within a homologous series of aliphatic mercaptoacids: the thicker shell the stronger the red shift. Using classic Mie theory for plasmonic core-dielectric shell spheres and oblate spheroids we developed the method for determination of a pseudo-refractive index in SAM of different molecules and obtained a good correlation with the reference refractive indices for bulk long-chain aliphatic acids, but only in case of silver nanoplates. Calculations for silver core–shell nanospheres gave overestimated values of refractive index perhaps due to restrictions of Mie theory on the minimum particle size.
Sustainable Production Ordnungsrahmen zur Gestaltung von Nachhaltigkeit in produzierenden Unternehmen
Authors: Busch Max , Graberg Tim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Die Bewertung von Produkten und Unternehmen erfolgt heute größtenteils aus finanzieller Perspektive. Neue Kunden- und Kapitalmarktanforderungen werden dies in Zukunft ändern, sodass die Mehrwerte von Nachhaltigkeitsaktivitäten für produzierende Unternehmen messbar werden. Wenn Investitions- und Kaufentscheidungen nicht mehr einzig durch finanzielle Aspekte bestimmt werden, sondern gleichfalls anhand der Erfüllung von Nachhaltigkeitsfaktoren, wird Nachhaltigkeit zum entscheidenden Wettbewerbsfaktor. Im Folgenden wird ein Ordnungsrahmen für produzierende Unternehmen, zum Beispiel des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus, zur Steigerung der unternehmensinternen und -externen Nachhaltigkeit aufgestellt.
Produktion in Deutschland zu Corona-Zeiten
Authors: Lerch Christian , Jäger Angela , Heimberger Heidi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aufgrund des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 mussten weite Teile der industriellen Produktion heruntergefahren werden. Zahlreiche Betriebe erlitten Produktionseinbrüche und zeigten Kurzarbeit an. Um die Auswirkungen auf das Produktionsgeschehen analysieren zu können, wurde die Betriebsbefragung „Folgen der Corona-Pandemie in der Produktion“ durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, welche Produktionsstrukturen besonders betroffen waren, aber auch, welche potenziellen Chancen sich aus der Pandemie ergeben.
Qualitätssicherung 4.0 – Weniger Rückrufe durch KI?
Authors: Sommerhoff Benedikt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Viele moderne Produkte, darunter auch Dienstleistungen, sind sehr komplexe Mixe aus Hard- und Software. Ihre Qualitätssicherung mit etablierten Methoden und Konzepten reicht offensichtlich nicht mehr aus, denn es gibt viel zu viele Ausfälle und sogar Produktrückrufe. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung verschafft neue, wesentlich erweiterte Möglichkeiten wie Simulations- und Data-Science-Technologien für eine verbesserte Qualitätssicherung 4.0, mit der sich die Qualität sehr komplexer Produkte wieder beherrschen lässt.