bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese gut microbiota and its associations with staple food type, ethnicity, and urbanization
Authors: Lu Jing , Zhang Li , Zhai Qixiao , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Lee Yuan-Kun , Lu Wenwei , Li Mingkun , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiota could affect human health and disease. Although disease-associated microbiota alteration has been extensively investigated in the Chinese population, a nationwide Chinese gut microbiota baseline is still lacking. Here we performed 16 S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from 2678 healthy Chinese individuals, who belonged to eight ethnic groups and resided in 63 counties/cities of 28 provinces. We identified four enterotypes, three of which were enriched forPrevotella,Bacteroides,andEscherichia, respectively, whereas the fourth one had no dominant genus. By assessing the association between the gut microbiota and 20 variables belonging to six categories, geography, demography, diet, urbanization, lifestyle, and sampling month, we revealed that geography explained the largest microbiota variation, and clarified the distinct patterns in the associations with staple food type, ethnicity, and urban/rural residence. Specifically, the gut microbiota of Han Chinese and ethnic minority groups from the same sites was more alike than that of the same ethnic minority groups from different sites. Individuals consuming wheat as staple food were predicted to have more microbial genes involving in glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase andS-adenosyl-l-methionine biosynthesis than those who consumed rice, based on functional prediction. Besides, an appreciable effect of urbanization on decreased intra-individual diversity, increased inter-individual diversity, and increased proportion of theBacteroidesenterotype was observed. Collectively, our study provided a nationwide gut microbiota baseline of the Chinese population and knowledge on important covariates, which are fundamental to translational microbiota research.
Evaluation of disseminated tumor cells and circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant zoledronic acid
Authors: Vidula Neelima , Greenberg Sally , Petrillo Laura , Hwang Jimmy , Melisko Michelle , Goga Andrei , Moasser Mark , Magbanua Mark , Park John W. , Rugo Hope S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe evaluated disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with stage I-III breast cancer with >4 MM/mL DTC at baseline who received adjuvant zoledronic acid (ZOL). ZOL was administered every 4 weeks for 24 months, and patients underwent bone marrow aspiration at baseline, and 12 and 24 months of ZOL. Complete DTC response (<4 DTC/mL), serial CTCs, survival, recurrence, and toxicity were determined. Forty-five patients received ZOL. Median baseline DTC was 13.3/mL. Significant reduction in median DTC occurred from baseline to 12 months, and 24 months. Complete DTC response was seen in 32% at 12 months, and 26% at 24 months. Nine patients developed recurrence. Baseline DTC > 30/mL and CTC > 0.8/mL were significantly associated with recurrence and death. Serial reduction in DTCs occurred. Higher baseline DTC > 30/mL and CTC > 0.8/mL correlated with recurrence and death.
Vaccine genetics of IGHV1-2 VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibody precursor naïve human B cells
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyun , Toy Laura , Kos Justin T. , Safonova Yana , Schief William R. , Havenar-Daughton Colin , Watson Corey T. , Crotty Shane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA successful HIV vaccine eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) must overcome the hurdle of being able to activate naive precursor B cells encoding features within their germline B cell receptors (BCR) that allow recognition of broadly neutralizing epitopes. Knowledge of whether bnAb precursor B cells are circulating at sufficient frequencies within individuals in communities heavily impacted by HIV may be important. Using a germline-targeting eOD-GT8 immunogen and high-throughput droplet-based single-cell BCR sequencing, we demonstrate that large numbers of paired BCR sequences from multiple donors can be efficiently screened to elucidate precursor frequencies of rare, naive VRC01-class B cells. Further, we analyzed IGHV1-2 allelic usage among three different cohorts; we find that IGHV1-2 alleles traditionally thought to be incompatible with VRC01-class responses are relatively common in various human populations and that germline variation within IGHV1-2 associates with gene usage frequencies in the naive BCR repertoire.
The short-term mortality fluctuation data series, monitoring mortality shocks across time and space
Authors: Jdanov Dmitri A. , Galarza Ainhoa Alustiza , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Jasilionis Domantas , Németh László , Leon David A. , Boe Carl , Barbieri Magali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed substantial coverage and quality gaps in existing international and national statistical monitoring systems. It is striking that obtaining timely, accurate, and comparable across countries data in order to adequately respond to unexpected epidemiological threats is very challenging. The most robust and reliable approach to quantify the mortality burden due to short-term risk factors is based on estimating weekly excess deaths. This approach is more reliable than monitoring deaths with COVID-19 diagnosis or calculating incidence or fatality rates affected by numerous problems such as testing coverage and comparability of diagnostic approaches. In response to the emerging data challenges, a new data resource on weekly mortality has been established. The Short-term Mortality Fluctuations (STMF, available at www.mortality.org) data series is the first international database providing open-access harmonized, uniform, and fully documented data on weekly all-cause mortality. The STMF online vizualisation tool provides an opportunity to perform a quick assessment of the excess weekly mortality in one or several countries by means of an interactive graphical interface.
Metabolic rewiring is associated with HPV-specific profiles in cervical cancer cell lines
Authors: Pappa Kalliopi I. , Daskalakis George , Anagnou Nicholas P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBoth HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancers are associated with aberrant metabolism, although the oncogenic drivers remain elusive. Here we show the assessment of the metabolomic profiles of four distinct cervical cell lines, a normal and three cancer cell lines, one HPV-negative (C33A) and two HPV-positive (SiHa HPV16+, HeLa HPV18+), employing an ultra performance liquid chromatography and a high resolution mass spectrometry. Out of the total 462 metabolites, 248 to 326 exhibited statistically significant differences, while Random Forests analysis identified unique molecules for each cell line. The two HPV+ cell lines exhibited features of Warburg metabolism, consistent with the role of the HPV E6 protein. SiHa and HeLa cells displayed purine salvage pathway activity, while C33A cells revealed synthesis of cytidine, via a novel mechanism. These data document a highly dynamic HPV-specific rewiring of metabolic pathways occurring in cervical cancer. Therefore, this approach can eventually provide novel mechanistic insights into cervical carcinogenesis.
Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe
Authors: Mennecart Bastien , Aiglstorfer Manuela , Li Yikun , Li Chunxiao , Wang ShiQi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFaunal provincialism between the North and South parts of Eastern Asia is shown to have been in place since the late Eocene. This provincialism structured the mammalian dispersals across Eurasia for millions of years and provides insights into both palaeonvironments and palaeoclimate zonation. In addition, this study reveals the oldest record of a crown ruminant (Iberomeryx from Shinao, China). Ecologically, as well as economically, ruminant artiodactyls are one of the most important large mammal groups today. The revision of the ruminants from the Shinao Formation, from the Caijiachong marls and Xiaerhete, resulted in two new taxa and shows that the different provinces were populated by distinct taxa living in different environments, dominated by the monsoon in the South and drier conditions in the North. Evaluating this result in a Eurasian context demonstrates that the dispersals from Asia to Europe was complex. These results confirm that there were at least two dispersal events, distinct in space and time: the Grande-Coupure from Northern and Central Asia along the North ca. 34 Mya and the Bachitherium dispersal event from the Southern province along a southerly route ca. 31 Mya.
Quantitative assessment of pilot-endured workloads during helicopter flying emergencies: an analysis of physiological parameters during an autorotation
Authors: Scarpari José Ricardo Silva , Ribeiro Mauricio Watanabe , Deolindo Camila Sardeto , Aratanha Maria Adelia Albano , de Andrade Donizeti , Forster Carlos Henrique Quartucci , Figueira José Márcio Pereira , Corrêa Fernando Lucas Soares , Lacerda Shirley Silva , Machado Birajara Soares , Amaro Júnior Edson , Sato João Ricardo , Kozasa Elisa Harumi , Annes da Silva Roberto Gil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe procedures to be performed after sudden engine failure of a single-engine helicopter impose high workload on pilots. The maneuver to regain aircraft control and safe landing is called autorotation. The safety limits to conduct this maneuver are based on the aircraft height versus speed diagram, which is also known as "Dead Man’s Curve”. Flight-test pilots often use subjective methods to assess the difficulty to conduct maneuvers in the vicinity of this curve. We carried out an extensive flight test campaign to verify the feasibility of establishing quantitative physiological parameters to better assess the workload endured by pilots undergoing those piloting conditions. Eleven pilots were fully instrumented with sensors and had their physiological reactions collected during autorotation maneuvers. Our analyses suggested that physiological measurements (heart rate and electrodermal activity) can be successfully recorded and useful to capture the most effort-demanding effects during the maneuvers. Additionally, the helicopter’s flight controls displacements were also recorded, as well as the pilots’ subjective responses evaluated by the Handling Qualities Rate scale. Our results revealed that the degree of cognitive workload was associated with the helicopter’s flight profile concerning the Height-Speed diagram and that the strain intensity showed a correlation with measurable physiological responses. Recording flight controls displacement and quantifying the pilot's subjective responses show themselves as natural effective candidates to evaluate the intensity of cognitive workload in such maneuvers.
Aluminum particles generated during millisecond electric pulse application enhance adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in L929 cells
Authors: Tesse Angela , André Franck M. , Ragot Thierry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGene electrotransfer is an attractive method of non-viral gene delivery. However, the mechanism of DNA penetration across the plasma membrane is widely discussed. To explore this process for even larger structures, like viruses, we applied various combinations of short/long and high/low-amplitude electric pulses to L929 cells, mixed with a human adenovirus vector expressing GFP. We observed a transgene expression increase, both in the number of GFP-converted cells and GFP levels, when we added a low-voltage/millisecond-pulse treatment to the adenovirus/cell mixture. This increase, reflecting enhanced virus penetration, was proportional to the applied electric field amplitude and pulse number, but was not associated with membrane permeabilization, nor to direct cell modifications. We demonstrated that this effect is mainly due to adenovirus particle interactions with aggregated aluminum particles released from energized electrodes. Indeed, after centrifugation of the pulsed viral suspension and later on addition to cells, the activity was found mainly associated with the aluminum aggregates concentrated in the lower fraction and was proportional to generated quantities. Overall, this work focused on the use of electrotransfer to facilitate the adenovirus entry into cell, demonstrating that modifications of the penetrating agent can be more important than modifications of the target cell for transfer efficacy.
A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame retardant for epoxy resins
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Wang Rui , Wang Donghui , Peng Xiaoliang , Zhao Yang , Liu Quanyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA hyperbranched phosphorus-containing copper phthalocyanine compound (DOPO-CuPc) was successfully synthesized and used as the flame-retardant additive to prepare flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. The addition of DOPO-CuPc led to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin. The 15DOPO-CuPc/EP composite obtained a LOI value of 35.8%, and the UL-94 rose from NR to V-0 rating. And the addition of DOPO-CuPc resulted in early decomposition of the epoxy thermoset, but the residual char at 700 °C reached 27.7%. The flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. It was found that DOPO-CuPc could release phosphorus-containing radicals and non-combustible gases in the gas phase to exert gas-phase flame retardant activity. In the condensed phase, the epoxy thermoset formed the expanded honeycomb-like char layer during combustion and the presence of copper phthalocyanine contributed to the stability of the char layer.
Critical current modulation induced by an electric field in superconducting tungsten-carbon nanowires
Authors: Orús Pablo , Fomin Vladimir M. , De Teresa José María , Córdoba Rosa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe critical current of a superconducting nanostructure can be suppressed by applying an electric field in its vicinity. This phenomenon is investigated throughout the fabrication and electrical characterization of superconducting tungsten-carbon (W-C) nanostructures grown by Ga$$^+$$

+

focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID). In a 45 nm-wide, 2.7 $$\upmu $$
μ
m-long W-C nanowire, an increasing side-gate voltage is found to progressively reduce the critical current of the device, down to a full suppression of the superconducting state below its critical temperature. This modulation is accounted for by the squeezing of the superconducting current by the electric field within a theoretical model based on the Ginzburg–Landau theory, in agreement with experimental data. Compared to electron beam lithography or sputtering, the single-step FIBID approach provides with enhanced patterning flexibility and yields nanodevices with figures of merit comparable to those retrieved in other superconducting materials, including Ti, Nb, and Al. Exhibiting a higher critical temperature than most of other superconductors, in which this phenomenon has been observed, as well as a reduced critical value of the gate voltage required to fully suppress superconductivity, W-C deposits are strong candidates for the fabrication of nanodevices based on the electric field-induced superconductivity modulation.
Prognostic nomogram for predicting 5-year overall survival in Chinese patients with high-grade osteosarcoma
Authors: Yao Zhihong , Tan Zunxian , Yang Jifei , Yang Yihao , Wang Cao , Chen Jiaxiang , Zhu Yanan , Wang Tiying , Han Lei , Zhu Lin , Yang Zuozhang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to construct a widely accepted prognostic nomogram in Chinese high-grade osteosarcoma (HOS) patients aged ≤ 30 years to provide insight into predicting 5-year overall survival (OS). Data from 503 consecutive HOS patients at our centre between 12/2012 and 05/2019 were retrospectively collected. Eighty-four clinical features and routine laboratory haematological and biochemical testing indicators of each patient at the time of diagnosis were collected. A prognostic nomogram model for predicting OS was constructed based on the Cox proportional hazards model. The performance was assessed by the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve. The utility was evaluated by decision curve analysis. The 5-year OS was 52.1% and 2.6% for the nonmetastatic and metastatic patients, respectively. The nomogram included nine important variables based on a multivariate analysis: tumour stage, surgical type, metastasis, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycle, postoperative metastasis time, mean corpuscular volume, tumour-specific growth factor, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine. The calibration curve showed that the nomogram was able to predict 5-year OS accurately. The C-index of the nomogram for OS prediction was 0.795 (range, 0.703–0.887). Moreover, the decision curve analysis curve also demonstrated the clinical benefit of this model. The nomogram provides an individualized risk estimate of the 5-year OS in patients with HOS aged ≤ 30 years in a Chinese population-based cohort.
Quantum nonlocality without entanglement depending on nonzero prior probabilities in optimal unambiguous discrimination
Authors: Ha Donghoon , Kim Jeong San 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNonlocality without entanglement(NLWE) is a nonlocal phenomenon that occurs in quantum state discrimination of multipartite separable states. In the discrimination of orthogonal separable states, the term NLWE is used when the quantum states cannot be discriminated perfectly by local operations and classical communication. In this case, the occurrence of NLWE is independent of nonzero prior probabilities of quantum states being prepared. Recently, it has been found that the occurrence of NLWE can depend on nonzero prior probabilities in minimum-error discrimination of nonorthogonal separable states. Here, we show that even in optimal unambiguous discrimination, the occurrence of NLWE can depend on nonzero prior probabilities. We further show that NLWE can occur regardless of nonzero prior probabilities, even if only one state can be locally discriminated without error. Our results provide new insights into classifying sets of multipartite quantum states in terms of quantum state discrimination.
Cell-autonomous megakaryopoiesis associated with polyclonal hematopoiesis in triple-negative essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Inano Tadaaki , Araki Marito , Morishita Soji , Imai Misa , Kihara Yoshihiko , Okuda Maho , Yang Yinjie , Ito Masafumi , Osaga Satoshi , Mano Hiroyuki , Edahiro Yoko , Ochiai Tomonori , Misawa Kyohei , Fukuda Yasutaka , Ando Jun , Komatsu Norio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA subset of essential thrombocythemia (ET) cases are negative for disease-defining mutations on JAK2, MPL, and CALR and defined as triple negative (TN). The lack of recurrent mutations in TN-ET patients makes its pathogenesis ambiguous. Here, we screened 483 patients with suspected ET in a single institution, centrally reviewed bone marrow specimens, and identified 23 TN-ET patients. Analysis of clinical records revealed that TN-ET patients were mostly young female, without a history of thrombosis or progression to secondary myelofibrosis and leukemia. Sequencing analysis and human androgen receptor assays revealed that the majority of TN-ET patients exhibited polyclonal hematopoiesis, suggesting a possibility of reactive thrombocytosis in TN-ET. However, the serum levels of thrombopoietin (TPO) and interleukin-6 in TN-ET patients were not significantly different from those in ET patients with canonical mutations and healthy individuals. Rather, CD34-positive cells from TN-ET patients showed a capacity to form megakaryocytic colonies, even in the absence of TPO. No signs of thrombocytosis were observed before TN-ET development, denying the possibility of hereditary thrombocytosis in TN-ET. Overall, these findings indicate that TN-ET is a distinctive disease entity associated with polyclonal hematopoiesis and is paradoxically caused by hematopoietic stem cells harboring a capacity for cell-autonomous megakaryopoiesis.
Mitochondria-affecting small molecules ameliorate proteostasis defects associated with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Tjahjono Elissa , Pei Jingqi , Revtovich Alexey V. , Liu Terri-Jeanne E. , Swadi Alisha , Hancu Maria C. , Tolar Joe G. , Kirienko Natalia V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMacroautophagic recycling of dysfunctional mitochondria, known as mitophagy, is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell viability. Accumulation of defective mitochondria and impaired mitophagy have been widely implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, and loss-of-function mutations of PINK1 and Parkin, two key regulators of mitophagy, are amongst the most common causes of heritable parkinsonism. This has led to the hypothesis that pharmacological stimulation of mitophagy may be a feasible approach to combat neurodegeneration. Toward this end, we screened ~ 45,000 small molecules using a high-throughput, whole-organism, phenotypic screen that monitored accumulation of PINK-1 protein, a key event in mitophagic activation, in a Caenorhabditis elegans strain carrying a Ppink-1::PINK-1::GFP reporter. We obtained eight hits that increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation. Several of the compounds also reduced ATP production, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, and/or mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, we found that treatment with two compounds, which we named PS83 and PS106 (more commonly known as sertraline) reduced neurodegenerative disease phenotypes, including delaying paralysis in a C. elegans β-amyloid aggregation model in a PINK-1-dependent manner. This report presents a promising step toward the identification of compounds that will stimulate mitochondrial turnover.
Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of β-catenin protects mouse hearts from ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Jerry , Xia Ying , Lu Aizhu , Wang Hongwei , Davis Darryl R. , Liu Peter , Beanlands Rob S. , Liang Wenbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to investigate if β-catenin deletion affects post-MI ion channel gene alterations and ventricular tachycardias (VT). MI was induced by permanent ligation of left anterior descending artery in wild-type (WT) and cardiomyocyte-specific β-catenin knockout (KO) mice. KO mice showed reduced susceptibility to VT (18% vs. 77% in WT) at 8 weeks after MI, associated with reduced scar size and attenuated chamber dilation. qPCR analyses of both myocardial tissues and purified cardiomyocytes demonstrated upregulation of Wnt pathway genes in border and infarct regions after MI, including Wnt ligands (such as Wnt4) and receptors (such as Fzd1 and Fzd2). At 1 week after MI, cardiac sodium channel gene (Scn5a) transcript was reduced in WT but not in KO hearts, consistent with previous studies showing Scn5a inhibition by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. At 8 weeks after MI when Wnt genes have declined, Scn5a returned to near sham levels and K+ channel gene downregulations were not different between WT and KO mice. This study demonstrated that VT susceptibility in the chronic phase after MI is reduced in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific β-catenin deletion primarily through attenuated structural remodeling, but not ion channel gene alterations.