bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Prospective Case Control Study to Evaluate The CRADLE Vital Signs Alert Device For Detection of Patients With Clinically Important Malaria in Refugee Settings’.
Authors: Kuhrt Katy , Seed Paul T , Shennan Andrew H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is a significant threat to refugee populations. Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, Northern Uganda hosts 223 000 of Uganda’s 1.4 million refugees, vulnerable to malaria due to crowded conditions and limited access to preventative measures and health care. Early detection and referral of suspected malaria cases is key to reducing associated morbidity and mortality. We therefore aimed to evaluate shock index (heart rate/ systolic blood pressure), calculated by the CRADLE Vital Signs Alert (VSA) device, an easy-to-use blood pressure and heart rate monitor, for detection of malaria as grounds for whether the device could be used for low cost identification and referral of patients by non-medically trained Village Health Team workers (VHTs).Methods CRADLE VSA devices and related training were delivered to all health facilities and VHTs in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement from April to August 2018. CRADLE VSA readings was performed as part of routine patient assessment. CRADLE VSA data (blood pressure, heart rate) and assigned diagnoses were collected from health facility data record books and shock index calculated for each case. Cases were grouped into predefined disease categories, including malaria and severe malaria. A control group consisted of refugees undergoing asymptomatic screening using the CRADLE VSA. Average shock index was calculated for cases and controls and prespecified disease categories, and predictive statistics to evaluate shock index for prediction of malaria and severe malaria.ResultsFive hundred and eighty-seven CRADLE VSA devices were delivered. Malaria accounted for 26% (915/3577) of cases and had the highest shock index compared to other disease categories. Positive likelihood ratios for shock index using a threshold of greater than or equal to 0.9 were 5 and 11 for malaria and severe malaria respectively.ConclusionMalaria accounted for over a quarter of cases. Positive likelihood ratios indicated that patients with shock index greater than or equal to 0.9 were 5 and 11 times more likely to be suffering from malaria and severe malaria respectively, indicating that the CRADLE VSA could be used by non-medically trained VHTs to identify patients likely to have malaria, and those most at risk of severe disease needing urgent referral. Trial RegistrationThis is an observational study and therefore does not have or require a trial registration. Appropriate permissions were granted by UN Refugee Council, Ministry of Health and Office of the Prime Minister.
Effects of Orai3-Mediated Store-Operated Calcium Entry on Parathyroid Hormone Release in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lin Zhangying , Wang Shuhao , Han Yanxun , Zhu Junwei , Bai Suwen , Shen Hailong , Fang Yang , Li Peikun , Shen Bing , Liu Yehai , Wu Kaile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and Hypocalcemia. Orai3 is a highly selective calcium (Ca2+) channel that plays important roles in tumor development, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune diseases; however, its role in SHPT is unclear. In the present study, RNA sequencing and western blot assays were used to detect the expression levels of Orai3 in parathyroid tissue from patients with SHPT and from individuals without SHPT. Ca2+ imaging was used to detect the effect of Orai3 channels on Ca2+ signaling in parathyroid gland cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect changes in PTH release. Orai3 knockout rats were used to detect the effect of decreased Orai3 expression on serum PTH levels. We found that the expression of Orai3 in parathyroid tissue obtained from patients with SHPT was significantly higher than that in patients without SHPT. Knockdown of Orai3 in parathyroid cells by transfection with Orai3-specific small inhibitor RNA inhibited store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in parathyroid cells. Inhibition of SOCE or knockdown of Orai3 significantly inhibited PTH release in parathyroid cells. PTH levels in the blood of Orai3 knockout rat were significantly reduced. Therefore, Orai3 expression and Orai3-mediated Ca2+ signaling may be a mechanism underlying PTH release, and Orai3 may play a role in the development of SHPT.
The Association between Age-Related Cognitive Changes and Obstacle Avoidance: Focusing on Memory-Guided Limb Movements
Authors: Sakurai Ryota , Kodama Kentaro , Ozawa Yu , Pieruccini-Faria Frederico , Kobayashi-Cuya Kimi Estela , Ogawa Susumu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An association between cognitive impairment and tripping over obstacles during locomotion in older adults has been suggested. However, owing to its memory-guided movement, whether this is more pronounced in the trailing limb is poorly known. We examined the age-related changes in stepping-over, focusing on trailing limb movements, and their association with cognitive performance. Age-related change in obstacle avoidance was examined by comparing the foot kinematics of 105 older and 103 younger adults when stepping over an obstacle. The difference in clearance between the leading limb and trailing limb (Δ clearance) was calculated to determine the degree of decrement in the clearance of the trailing limb. A cognitive test battery was used to evaluate cognitive function among older adults for assessing their association with Δ clearance. Older adults showed a significantly lower clearance of the trailing limb than younger adults, resulting in a greater Δ clearance. The significant correlations between greater Δ clearance and scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and delayed recall of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory. Our results suggest that memory functions may contribute to the control of trailing limb movements, which can secure a safety margin to avoid stumbling on an obstacle, during obstacle avoidance locomotion.
Synthesis of LN/Si Nanostructures Layer by LayerBased on Mach-Zehnder Modulator using Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Mohammed Luma Z. , Fakhri Makram A , Abass A. K. , Salim Evan T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (EOM) was fabricated employing pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Lithium Niobate (LN) was bonded to silicon nanocrystal substrate such that a waveguide combined structures were obtained. The over-all Properties of prepared device were investigated. The formation of LN was ensured by the x-ray diffraction results were the formation of ∆ phase was confirmed by the diffraction of x-rays from the (012) and (302) diffraction plans. The AFM results reflect the formation of highly uniform nanostructured with maximum roughness of about 12.9 nm. The constructed device shows that the recent improvements in hybrid MZ modulators using pulse laser deposition PLD and different electro-optic material have shown low loss and wide modulation bandwidth.
Efficacy Study of Eggshell (ESC) and Alum Base Coagulant (ABC) for the removal of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from Cosmetics Wastewater by Coag-flocculation
Authors: PROSPER OVUORAYE EGUONO , Ugonabo Victor. I. , Okpala Lawrence. C. , Nwokocha Gina. F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study compares two coagulants: Alum Based Coagulant (ABC) and Eggshell Coagulant (ESC) used for the coag-flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater to determine the efficacy of ESC at optimum condition. The residual values of TSS particles in the wastewater were measured and recorded after the coag-flocculation treatment at 30mins settling time. The cubic models obtained following the Central Composite Design (CCD) were used to confirm the experimental predetermined optimal pH and dosage were recorded as: 6 and 0.3g/L for ESC, while pH 8 and 0.1g/L were reported for ABC. The optimal point plots 85% and 97% TSS removal efficiency which corresponds to 38g/L and 6g/L of residual TSS recorded for ESC and ABC respectively. The results obtained show that; the ABC and ESC driven coag-flocculation satisfied the EPA standard for wastewater discharge at optimal pH. The cost remediation result shows that; ESC maintained significantly lower operating cost for wastewater treatment.
Towards the Decarbonisation of Ecuador. A Multi-Sectoral and Multi-Regional Analysis of its Carbon Footprint.
Authors: Román-Collado Rocío , SANZ-DÍAZ MARÍA TERESA MTS , Pacheco Cristian Germán Loja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Globally, interest in the environment and its conservation is growing and primordial. In particular, CO 2 emissions generated by productive processes in a given territory in order to satisfy own and global consumption. Two types of responsibilities stand out, the producer’s and the consumer’s. Based on the Multi-regional Input-Output Methodology, this study determined Ecuador's responsibility in terms of CO 2 emissions, defining the economic sectors that have the greatest representation in these emissions, as well as establishing an assessment at the level of the Trade Balance. There has been a strong growth of Ecuador’s Footprint of 145.26% from 2000 to 2015, with the transport and secondary sectors having the highest representation and the trade with the BRICS nations standing out. This results strengthens the need to foster a change in the population’s and the public administrations’ consumption patterns. So it is recommended that the authorities allocate part of the public budget to measures oriented to sustainable consumption.
Dysphagia and Mechanical Ventilation in Sars-Cov-2 Pneumonia: It’s Real
Authors: Laguna Mª Luisa Bordeje , Marcos-Neira Pilar , Zurbano Itziar Martínez de Lagrán , Marco Esther Mor , Guisasola Carlos Pollan , Soria Constanza Dolores Viñas , Martí Pilar Ricart 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia has brought intensive care units (ICUs) and the consequences of prolonged hospitalisation, such as dysphagia, into focus.METHODS. Study population: Patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 who required admission to critical units from March to June 2020. Dysphagia diagnostic method: Modified Viscosity Volume Swallowing Test (mV-VST). Objectives. To identify risk factors for dysphagia in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and determine their incidence. Statistical analysis: Descriptive analysis of means or medians according to the normality of quantitative variables and proportions for the descriptive variables (95% CI). Univariate analysis of dysphagia using simple logistic regression. Multivariate analysis and construction of a predictive model for dysphagia using logistic regression.RESULTS. Descriptive analysis. Sample size: 232 patients; 72% (167) required intubation. Of these, 65.9% (110) survived and 84.5% (93) underwent the mV-VST, which diagnosed 26.9% (25) with dysphagia. Age: 60.5 years (95% CI: 58.5 to 61.9). Men: 74.1% (95% CI: 68.1 to 79.4). APACHE II score: 17.7 (95% CI: 13.3 to 23.2). Mechanical ventilation: 14 days (95% CI: 11 to 16); prone position: 79% (95% CI: 72.1 to 84.6); respiratory infection: 34.5% (95% CI: 28.6 to 40.9). Renal failure: 38.5% (95% CI: 30 to 50). Overall mortality: 25.9% (95% CI: 20.6 to 31.9). Mortality in intubated patients: 34.1% (95% CI: 27.3 to 41.7). No patient diagnosed with dysphagia died. Univariate analysis. APACHE II, prone position, days of mechanical ventilation and need for tracheostomy, respiratory infection, kidney failure developed during admission and length of ICU and hospital stay were significantly associated (p<0.05) with dysphagia. Multivariate analysis. Dysphagia is independently explained by APACHE II score (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.3; p=0.04) and tracheostomy (OR: 10.2; 95% CI: 3.2 to 32.1; p<0.001). The resulting predictive model predicts dysphagia with a good ROC curve (AUC: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7 to 0.9)CONCLUSIONS. Dysphagia affects almost one-third of patients, and the risk of developing dysphagia increases with prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy and greater severity on admission (APACHE II score).
Melatonin protects against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes by enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Hu Bin , Chen Zhijiang , Liang Lili , Zheng Meiyu , Wang Yaxin , Chen Xinxin , Zeng Qiyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Melatonin have a protective effect in the liver during sepsis by counteracting oxidative stress and reducing inflammatory responses. Melatonin also regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. This study explored the mechanisms by which melatonin protects against liver injury in experimental sepsis with a focus on mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.Methods and Results: An in vitro model of sepsis-induced hepatocyte injury was established using AML12 cells. Indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels), and markers of mitophagy (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 [PINK1] and Parkin) and mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1a [PGC-1α], nuclear respiratory factor 1 [NRF-1], mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM]) were significantly increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were significantly decreased in LPS-treated AML12 cells compared to controls. TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels and intracellular ROS and MDA levels were significantly decreased, while SOD activity, intracellular ATP levels, and markers of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were significantly increased by melatonin pre-treatment.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that melatonin was involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in hepatocytes during sepsis. Mechanisms involved selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
IL-27 Mediates Neutrophils Infiltration at the Maternal and Fetal Interface in Preterm Labor With Infection
Authors: mei youwen , Huang Dongni , Ran Yuxin , Liu Zheng , Wang Lulu , Yin Nanlin , Qi Hongbo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

To reveal the role of IL-27 in neutrophils infiltration at the maternal and fetal interface in preterm labor with infection (PTLI).
Methods

The expression of IL-27 receptor and the number of neutrophils (MPO + cells) at the maternal and fetal interface of pregnant women were compared between PTLI group and term labor (TL) group. Using LPS-induced preterm labor IL-27Rα-/- mice, the role of IL-27 in neutrophils infiltration at the maternal and fetal interface was investigated.
Results

The expression of IL-27Rα and neutrophils number at the maternal and fetal interface in the PTLI group were higher than those in the TL group in pregnant women. Compared with PBS-treated mice, LPS-treated mice had increased infiltrating neutrophils at the maternal and fetal interface. Meanwhile, LPS-induced IL-27Rα-/- mice had less neutrophil infiltration than LPS-induced WT mice.
Conclusion

IL-27 promotes neutrophil infiltration at the maternal and fetal interface in PTLI.
Post-Partum Family Planning Integration With Maternal Health Services &amp; Its Associated Factors: an Opportunity to Increase Postpartum Modern Contraceptive Use in Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Tsegaye Delelegn , Tehone Mesele , Yesuf Seid , Berhane Adugnaw 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of through-step joints under direct shear
Authors: Xiong Liangxiao , Chen Haijun , Xu Zhongyuan , Zhou Shu , Huang Xiaohua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, direct shear tests were carried out on artificial rock mass specimens with single-ladder, single-rectangular, and double-rectangular step joints. Consequently, the shear strength, cohesive force (c), internal friction angle (φ), and crack shape of specimens with these through-step joints were analyzed, in order to understand the influence of the shape of the through-step joint on their direct shear mechanical properties. The results of the investigation were as follows: (1) Under the same normal stress, any increases in the height h of the step joint caused an initial-increase–decrease in the shear strengths of specimens with single-ladder and double-rectangular step joints, with a type-W variation pattern for the specimens with single-rectangular step joint. More essentially, when normal stress and h were constant, the shear strength of specimens with a single-ladder step joint was the greatest, followed by specimens with a double-rectangular step joint, whereas that for specimens with a single-rectangular step joint was the least. (2) For specimens with a single-ladder step joint, a small length of the bottom of the step joint with a large length of the rock bridge allowed c to dominantly influence the specimen shear strength. Conversely, a large length of the bottom of the step joint with a small length of the rock bridge caused φ to play a key role in the specimen shear strength. For specimens with a single-rectangular step joint, when the length of the top of the step joint and that of the rock bridge were large, c had the dominant influence on the specimen. Otherwise, when the length of the top of the step joint and that of the rock bridge were small, φ had the major influence on the specimen shear strength. (3) Furthermore, given a small h and low normal stress, specimens with a single-ladder step joint mainly experienced shear failure, whereas specimens with single-rectangular and double-rectangular step joints mainly generated extrusion milling in the step joints. Any increases in h caused specimens with the three types of step joints to have oblique cracks at the bottom and apex points of the step joint. The number of oblique cracks was expected to increase with greater normal stress.
Regional disparity in clinker emission factors and their potential reduction in China
Authors: Gao Tianming , Shen Lei , Zhao Jianan , Wang Limao , Liu Litao , Dai Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Detailed analysis the disparity and reduction potential of clinker emission factors at the provincial level is important for regional reduction policies. Using the surveyed data from 185 new suspension and pre-heater (NSP) process lines and 69 Shaft kiln lines, this study firstly analyzed the disparity in emission factors based on production process, production scale, and regional distribution in 2015. We found that the emission factor of the Shaft kiln process (898.24 kg/t) is higher than that of the NSP process (858.59 kg/t), and that small-scale production lines have higher emission factors than large-scale lines both for the two process. China's clinker emission factors increase from the eastern to the western regions. Then we estimated the reduction potential of structural adjustment, raw material substitution, and energy saving and fuel substitution in regional emission factors by 2030. The result shows that emission factors of the surveyed provinces will decrease by 101.41-174.60 kg/t compared to the values in 2015, which is mainly contributes by energy saving and fuel substitution (65.98%), and raw materials substitution (25.72%). And structural adjustment contributes only a small part reduction for most investigated provinces. The national average emission factor is estimated to be 715.33 kg/t in 2030, which indicates a reduction of 16.65%. These results can provide valuable feedback to government officials on the effectiveness of existing measures and also serve as a reference for future decisions on emission reduction polices.
Efficiency Enhancement in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using 1D Photonic Crystal
Authors: Fathima M.Ismail , wilson K.S.Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
1D SiO2/TiO2 photonic crystal based ZnO-Pt DSSC with N719 dye is theoretically designed. The optical properties of theoretically designed DSSC such as transmittivity, Absorptivity and reflectivity are calculated using transfer matrix method in order to calculate numerically the key parameters like open circuit voltage (VOC), Photo current density (Jph) of the DSSC. It is found that the desired integrated system may enable to maximize the absorption in the selective spectrum region (400-900nm) and hence the maximum efficiency achieved is 4.5 % for a 1D SiO2/TiO2 photonic crystal layers with two number of periods.
Patients with high inflammatory tendency induced by malignant stimulation through imbalance of CD28 and CTLA-4 / PD-1 leading to dopamine neuron injury
Authors: Dong Li , Zheng Yumin , Luo Xiaoguang , He Zhiyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Parkinson's Disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly. Parkinson's Disease patients were supposed to have a higher risk of malignant transformation, however, actually the incidence of various cancers in Parkinson's Disease patients is significantly lower than common people.Parkinson's Disease patients are individuals with a high tendency of inflammation, whose peripheral immune represented in an activated state. The secretion of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of Parkinson's Disease patients is significantly increased. We hypothesized that the hyperinflammatory predisposition of Parkinson's Disease patients is one of pathogenesis.
Method:

DBA/1 mice were used to simulate highly inflammatory individuals, and the carcinogen DEN was treated for malignant stimulation.HE staining was used to observe the formation of lung tumors.Apoptosis of neurons was observed by TUNEL staining.Immunohistochemical and Flow cytometrywere used to observed the expression of CD4, CD28, MHCII, CTLA-4 and PD-1. IBA-1 + iNOS was used to label M1 type microglias, and IBA-1 + Arg1 was used to label M2 type microglias by immunofluorescence. The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 in serum and brain tissues of mice in each group were detected by ELISA.
Results

DBA/1 mice with high inflammatory tendency showed continuous increasing of peripheral inflammation, promoting of intracranial inflammation, decreasing the tumor incidence and increasing the neurodegeneration under induction of malignant change.CD28 and CTLA-4/PD-1 reduced the T-cell-dominated inflammatory response, reduce intracerebral inflammatory response, protected the neurodegeneration, and increased the incidence of tumor.Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocker can over-activate T cells, worsen peripheral and intracranial inflammation, reduce the incidence of tumor, and cause damage to dopamine neurons, promotethe occurrence of neurodegeneration.
Conclusions

High inflammatory tendency induced by malignant stimulation through imbalance of CD28 and CTLA-4 / PD-1 leading to dopamine neuron injury.