bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The life history of longnose emperors (Lethrinus olivaceus) and a data‐limited assessment of their stock to support fisheries management at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia
Authors: Filous Alexander , Daxboeck Charles , Beguet Teva , Cook Chuck 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe spawning aggregations of coral reef species support artisanal fisheries throughout the Pacific Islands, but they are vulnerable to overexploitation and need improved fisheries management. To this aim, the authors employed a combination of fishery methods including life‐history studies to estimate the age, growth and reproductive parameters of longnose emperor (Lethrinus olivaceus), and a length‐based stock assessment to provide the community of Rangiroa Atoll with an assessment of their longnose emperor spawning aggregation fishery. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of this species were estimated to be L∞ = 80 (75–87) cm TL, K = 0.18 (0.15–0.24), t0 = −0.82 (−1.43−0.27) with a mean natural mortality rate of 0.309 ± 0.038. The sex ratios observed in this study support the belief that this species exhibits functional protogyny with females reaching sexual maturity at 38 cm TL and approximately 3 years of age, and sex change occurring at approximately 45 cm TL and 4 years of age. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) of the longnose emperor stock was estimated to be between 19% and 28% across the years of this study, and simulations of SPR and yield per‐recruit indicate that if the community wanted to conserve >30% of the stock's SPR, the ideal minimum size limit for this species is 50 cm TL. The results provide the baseline life‐history information required to evaluate the fisheries for this species in the South Pacific region and support community‐led management actions for this spawning aggregation fishery on Rangiroa Atoll.
Speech and language therapy services for people with Down syndrome: The disparity between research and practice
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , Ceroni Anna , Bateman Lorna , Hart Nicola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe need for speech and language therapy (SLT) for people with Down syndrome (DS) is well documented. However, there is a significant disparity between research and practice. This study addresses two of the three pillars of evidence‐based practice by 1) quantitatively profiling some key features of the 2019 public SLT service in Ireland, and referencing this against current best evidence; 2) asking parents, and adults with DS what supports they need in relation to an adequate SLT service. Adults with DS (n = 33) and parents of those with DS (n = 557), completed an anonymous survey online. The function of the survey was to collect information on: SLT service provision; levels of satisfaction with services; and SLT supports required. Based on parent responses, only 44% of participants (n = 253) were offered public SLT services in 2019. The mode waiting time was 1–2 years and the average number of sessions across the age groups was 5 per year. There was a strong association between age and number of sessions. Individual therapy was the most common model of service. A total of 40% of parents reported a 0 level of satisfaction. Seven key themes emerged from the qualitative support data. None of the participating adults received public SLT services in 2019. Our aspiration for evidence‐based SLT practice is far from being realized. The average number of sessions reported, does not in any way approximate the intervention intensity specified in evidence‐based interventions. Our limited service, at all ages, has detrimental implications for people with DS and our negligible adult service is in breach of human rights. Targeted, strategic investment is needed to allow practice to be aligned with best evidence; to support and treat people with DS effectively; to allow them to reach their maximum potential; and to exercise their right to communicate.
Recent advances in understanding the ecology of the filamentous bacteria responsible for activated sludge bulking
Authors: Nittami T. , Batinovic S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractActivated sludge bulking caused by filamentous bacteria is still a problem in wastewater treatment plants around the world. Bulking is a microbiological problem, and so its solution on species-specific basis is likely to be reached only after their ecology, physiology and metabolism is better understood. Culture-independent molecular methods have provided much useful information about this group of organisms, and in this review, the methods employed and the information they provide are critically assessed. Their application to understanding bulking caused by the most frequently seen filament in Japan, ‘Ca. Kouleothrix’, is used here as an example of how these techniques might be used to develop control strategies. Whole genome sequences are now available for some of filamentous bacteria responsible for bulking, and so it is possible to understand why these filaments might thrive in activated sludge plants, and provide clues as to how eventually they might be controlled specifically.
Birth timing after the long feeding migration in northern elephant seals
Authors: Condit Richard , Beltran Roxanne S. , Robinson Patrick W. , Crocker Daniel E. , Costa Daniel P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNorthern elephant seals migrate long distances from feeding grounds to raise pups during a brief period on breeding beaches. Because gestation sets a parturition date months in advance, timing of the arrival must be precise; an early arrival would waste foraging time, but a late arrival would cause parturition failure. We used satellite‐tracked animals to examine this timing, establishing arrival and birth dates in 106 migrating females and estimating how far they traveled in the days just before birth. Females arrived a mean of 5.5 days prior to birth (range 1–11, SD = 1.5), and females arriving later in the breeding season had 1.8‐day shorter prebirth intervals relative to early arrivers. There was no correlation between female body condition, nor female age, and the prebirth interval. The last 15 days prior to birth, animals traveled as far as 1,465 km. Those farthest from the colony traveled >100 km per day, three times faster than animals near the colony at the same time. Despite migrations covering several thousand kilometers while pregnant, female elephant seals were able to time their arrival within days. This allows them to maintain a precise annual birth cycle for many years consecutively.
The function of chloroplast ferredoxin‐NADP+ oxidoreductase positively regulates the accumulation of bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Chen I‐Hsuan , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Chiu Guan‐Zhi , Huang Ying‐Ping , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Tsai Ching‐Hsiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA gene down‐regulated in Nicotiana benthamiana after bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection had high identity to the nuclear‐encoded chloroplast ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase gene (NbFNR). NbFNR is a flavoenzyme involved in the photosynthesis electron transport chain, catalysing the conversion of NADP+ into NADPH. To investigate whether NbFNR is involved in BaMV infection, we used virus‐induced gene silencing to reduce the expression of NbFNR in leaves and protoplasts. After BaMV inoculation, the accumulation of BaMV coat protein and RNA was significantly reduced. The transient expression of NbFNR fused with orange fluorescent protein (OFP) localized in the chloroplasts and elevated the level of BaMV coat protein. These results suggest that NbFNR could play a positive role in regulating BaMV accumulation. Expressing a mutant that failed to translocate to the chloroplast did not assist in BaMV accumulation. Another mutant with a catalytic site mutation could support BaMV accumulation to some extent, but accumulation was significantly lower than that of the wild type. In an in vitro replication assay, the replicase complex with FNR inhibitor, heparin, the RdRp activity was reduced. Furthermore, BaMV replicase was revealed to interact with NbFNR in yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments. Overall, these results suggest that NbFNR localized in the chloroplast with functional activity could efficiently assist BaMV accumulation.
Anthropology by Data Science
Authors: Paff Stephen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay explores how to broaden the scope of what constitutes anthropological and ethnographic research by cross‐fertilizing with data science. I discuss four types of relationships anthropologists have sought to foster with data science: anthropology of data science, anthropology over data science, anthropology with data science, and, the least developed of the four, anthropology by data science. Data science as a field has cultivated abductive, bottom‐up forms of quantitative research, which provide useful quantitative parallels to similarly abductive, bottom‐up qualitative techniques in ethnographic research. Anthropologists should adopt an anthropology by data science perspective through incorporating machine‐learning and other data science techniques into anthropological research. Nick Seaver's concept of bastard disciplines and methodologies provides a helpful framework for such work. [data science, machine learning, ethnography, anthropology]
“One of the most important subjects for a healthcare worker”: Cross‐sectional student evaluation of family violence best practice response curriculum
Authors: Ison Jessica , Hooker Leesa , Allen‐Leap Molly , Newton Michelle , Taft Angela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamily violence can affect the health and well‐being of victim‐survivors. Nurses and other healthcare providers are well placed to respond to family violence, yet evidence shows that nurses have limited knowledge of family violence and students are unprepared for this work. The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot of the subject Family Violence Best Practice Response for undergraduate nurses and other healthcare students at an Australian university. The study used a cross‐sectional pre‐posttest design. Survey instruments included a modified version of the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool and the World Health Organization Curriculum evaluation tools. Sixty‐four students enrolled in the pilot. Participants made significant improvements in their feelings of preparedness to complete family violence work and in their perceived knowledge across a range of clinical practices and knowledge domains. Qualitative data showed students enjoyed the subject and gained valuable knowledge of how to inquire and validate disclosures. Healthcare professionals should receive training and be ready and able to identify and sensitively respond to victim‐survivors of family violence when they enter the workforce.
Nutritional status associated with clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19: A multicenter prospective study in Egypt
Authors: Youssef Naglaa , Elbadry Mohamed , Al Shafie Ahmad , Abdalazeem Amr , Hasan Salwa , Tahoon Marwa , Omran Dalia , El Kassas Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFew studies have addressed the relationship between the nutritional status of patients with COVID‐19 and their disease course. This multicenter prospective study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and its association with their clinical outcomes. Sociodemographic, physical, clinical, and nutritional data of 121 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were collected upon admission and at discharge from three COVID‐19 quarantine hospitals in Egypt via a questionnaire and a standardized scale. The majority (73.6%) of the patients had a reduced dietary intake over the last week before admission, and 57% were severely ill. Overall, 14% had a high risk of malnutrition on admission, increasing to 26.3% at discharge. Malnutrition was present in most (85.7%) of the intensive care unit patients and deaths, compared with recovered patients (14%). We concluded that malnutrition might worsen the clinical outcomes and increase the morbidity and mortality of COVID‐19 patients. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to manage patients with COVID‐19, considering their nutritional status before and during infection, with early detection of high‐risk patients in order to design and provide the appropriate nutritional support.
On the expansion of biological functions of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Vandhana Theruvothu Madathil , Reyre Jean‐Lou , Sushmaa Dangudubiyyam , Berrin Jean‐Guy , Bissaro Bastien , Madhuprakash Jogi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) constitute an enigmatic class of enzymes, the discovery of which has opened up a new arena of riveting research. LPMOs can oxidatively cleave the glycosidic bonds found in carbohydrate polymers enabling the depolymerisation of recalcitrant biomasses, such as cellulose or chitin. While most studies have so far mainly explored the role of LPMOs in a (plant) biomass conversion context, alternative roles and paradigms begin to emerge. In the present review, we propose a historical perspective of LPMO research providing a succinct overview of the major achievements of LPMO research over the past decade. This journey through LPMOs landscape leads us to dive into the emerging biological functions of LPMOs and LPMO‐like proteins. We notably highlight roles in fungal and oomycete plant pathogenesis (e.g. potato late blight), but also in mutualistic/commensalism symbiosis (e.g. ectomycorrhizae). We further present the potential importance of LPMOs in other microbial pathogenesis including diseases caused by bacteria (e.g. pneumonia), fungi (e.g. human meningitis), oomycetes and viruses (e.g. entomopox), as well as in (micro)organism development (including several plant pests). Our assessment of the literature leads to the formulation of outstanding questions, promising for the coming years exciting research and discoveries on these moonlighting proteins.
Philosophical foundations of mixed methods research
Authors: Shan Yafeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a critical review of the debate over the philosophical foundations of mixed methods research and examines the notion of philosophical foundations. It distinguishes axiology‐oriented from ontology‐oriented philosophical foundations. It also identifies three different senses of philosophical foundations of mixed methods research. The weak sense of philosophical foundations (e.g., pragmatism) merely allows the possibility of the integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods/data/designs. The moderate sense of philosophical foundations (e.g., transformativism) provide a good reason to use mixed methods in (at least some) social scientific research. The strong sense of philosophical foundations (e.g., dialectical pluralism) justifies a normative thesis that mixed methods research should be encouraged in (at least some) social scientific research.
High-Dimensional Quantile Regression: Convolution Smoothing and Concave Regularization
Authors: Tan Kean Ming , Wang Lan , Zhou Wen-Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstractℓ 1 -penalized quantile regression (QR) is widely used for analysing high-dimensional data with heterogeneity. It is now recognized that the ℓ1-penalty introduces non-negligible estimation bias, while a proper use of concave regularization may lead to estimators with refined convergence rates and oracle properties as the signal strengthens. Although folded concave penalized M-estimation with strongly convex loss functions have been well studied, the extant literature on QR is relatively silent. The main difficulty is that the quantile loss is piecewise linear: it is non-smooth and has curvature concentrated at a single point. To overcome the lack of smoothness and strong convexity, we propose and study a convolution-type smoothed QR with iteratively reweighted ℓ1-regularization. The resulting smoothed empirical loss is twice continuously differentiable and (provably) locally strongly convex with high probability. We show that the iteratively reweighted ℓ1-penalized smoothed QR estimator, after a few iterations, achieves the optimal rate of convergence, and moreover, the oracle rate and the strong oracle property under an almost necessary and sufficient minimum signal strength condition. Extensive numerical studies corroborate our theoretical results.
Trends in mathematics specialist literature: Analyzing research spanning four decades
Authors: Baker Courtney K. , Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie , Harbour Kristin E. , Hjalmarson Margret A. , Livers Stefanie D. , Edwards Katherine Comey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the past forty years, United States school districts have increasingly hired mathematics specialists to support the teaching and learning of mathematics. Despite the prevalence of this professional development structure, this is a relatively new research topic for the mathematics education field. In this paper, we report findings from an exploration of literature between 1981 and 2018 to examine the role of mathematics specialists (MSs). In particular, we examine: (a) MS positioning across research; (b) historical trends of school‐based MS research; and (c) orientations of school‐based MSs within research. Using the McGatha and Rigelman framework as an analytic lens, we found that beyond the positions identified in their framework (coach, intervention specialist, teacher), there were four additional MS positionings within the research (learner, other p‐12 stakeholder, university stakeholder, unknown). Ultimately, we forward an expansion to the McGatha and Rigelman framework to include these new categories, as well as contextual descriptions and working definitions to support future research in more accurately and robustly capturing the ways in which MSs are investigated and reported on in research.
Reduction of blood group A antigen on erythrocytes in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome harboring somatic mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2
Authors: Hayakawa Akira , Sano Rie , Takahashi Yoichiro , Okawa Takafumi , Kubo Rieko , Harada Megumi , Fukuda Haruki , Yokohama Akihiko , Handa Hiroshi , Kawabata‐Iwakawa Reika , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Tsukada Junichi , Kominato Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundReduction of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and this reduction of ABO expression is strongly associated with DNA methylation of the ABO promoter. Previously, we reported a two‐nucleotide deletion in RUNX1 encoding an abnormally elongated protein lacking the trans‐activation domain in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing A‐antigen loss on RBCs. This prompted us to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for A‐antigen reduction on RBCs in another patient with MDS.Study Design and MethodsScreening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient and eleven MDS controls without A‐ or B‐antigen loss. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was examined by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Transient transfection assays were performed for functional evaluation of mutations.ResultsScreening of somatic mutations showed missense mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2 in the patient, while no mutation was found in exons of those genes in the controls. There was no significant difference in ABO promoter methylation between the patient and the controls. Transient transfection experiments into COS‐7 and K562 cells suggested that the amino acid substitutions encoded by those mutations reduced or lost the trans‐activation potential of the ABO expression.ConclusionConsidering the discrepancy between the variant frequencies of these mutations and the ratios of the RBCs with A‐antigens loss, the antigen reduction might be associated with these somatic mutations and hypermethylation of the ABO promoter.
Atomistic Insights Into Anti-Wear Mechanisms and Protective Tribofilm Formation in Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites
Authors: Sun Wei , Ye Jiaxin , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Kun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has a low friction coefficient but poor wear resistance (k ∼ 10−3 mm3/Nm) against various surfaces. Early mechanical modeling suggests the enhanced anti-wear performance of PTFE composites (k ∼ 10−5 mm3/Nm) relies on preferential load support by fillers. Recent studies found that tribochemical polarization of PTFE could trigger the formation of highly protective transfer films, thus resulting in exceptionally low wear-rates (k ∼ 10−7 mm3/Nm) in certain composites. Although tribochemical interactions were believed to play an important role in the wear reduction mechanisms, the atomistic details have yet to be fully described. Environmental and computational experiments in this study allowed detailed mechanistic investigations of four representative metal-, ceramic-, carbon-, and polymer-filled PTFE composites. Results found that (1) in dry argon environment, filler load support and composite microstructure dominate the wear resistance and (2) in humid air, the formation of a protective, polarized transfer film could further reduce composite wear-rate by tenfold or more. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the hypothesis that strong electrophilic atoms at certain solid surfaces tend to mechanochemically defluorinate PTFE molecule, which leads to tribochemical production and accumulation of polarized PTFE near the sliding surfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the strengthening of nonbonding interactions (e.g., electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding) by polar polymer filler (i.e., PAI) or carboxylated PTFE could improve transfer film cohesion and adhesion strength, which was likely responsible for the additional wear reduction in humid air for certain PTFE composites. The relation between the atomistic interactions and the macroscopic wear behavior of composites was systematically discussed.