bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA displays site- and subclass-specific glycoform differences despite equal glycoenzyme expression
Authors: Falck David , Sokolova Maria V. , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Irumva Vanessa , Kirchner Philipp , Schulz Sebastian R. , Schmidt Katja G. , Harrer Thomas , Ekici Arif B. , Spriewald Bernd , Schett Georg , Wuhrer Manfred , Herrmann Martin , Steffen Ulrike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification of proteins and in most cases indispensable for proper protein function. Like most soluble proteins, IgA, the second most prevalent antibody in human serum, contains several N- and O-glycosylation sites. While for IgG the impact of Fc glycosylation on effector functions and inflammatory potential has been studied intensively, only little is known for IgA. In addition, only glimpses exist regarding the regulation of IgA glycosylation. We have previously shown that IgA1 and IgA2 differ functionally and also show differences in their glycosylation pattern. The more pro-inflammatory IgA2 which is linked to autoimmune diseases displays decreased sialylation, galactosylation, fucosylation and bisection as compared to IgA1. In the present study, we aimed to investigate these differences in glycosylation in detail and to explore the mechanisms underlying them.

Methods
IgA1 and IgA2 was isolated from serum of 12 healthy donors. Site specific glycosylation was analyzed by mass spectrometry. In addition, human bone marrow plasma cells were investigated using single cell mRNA sequencing, flow cytometry and ELISpot.

Results
We found that certain glycoforms greatly differ in their abundance between IgA1 and IgA2 while others are equally abundant. Overall, the IgA2 glycans displayed a more immature phenotype with a higher prevalence of oligomannose and fewer fully processed glycans. Of note, these differences can’t be explained by differences in the glycosylation enzyme machinery as mRNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis showed equal enzyme expression in IgA1 and IgA2 producing plasma cells. ELISpot analysis suggested a slightly increased antibody production rate in IgA2 producing plasma cells which might contribute to its lower glycan processing rates. But this difference was only minor, suggesting that further factors such as steric accessibility determine glycan processing. This is supported by the fact that glycans at different positions on the same IgA chain differ dramatically in fucosylation, sialylation and bisection.

Conclusion
In summary, our detailed overview of IgA1 and IgA2 glycosylation shows a class, subclass, and site-specific glycosylation fingerprint, most likely due to structural differences of the protein backbones.
Fluoroestradiol (FES) and Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in patients with ER+, HER2-positive or HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hunter Natasha B. , Peterson Lanell M. , Specht Jennifer M. , Mankoff David A. , Muzi Mark , Chen Delphine L. , Gwin William R. , Vinayak Shaveta , Davidson Nancy E. , Linden Hannah M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-Fluorestradiol (FES) have been FDA approved for measuring tumor glycolytic activity and estrogen receptor (ER) uptake, respectively, in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for patients with hormone-receptor (HR) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but little is known about its utility in patients with breast tumors that overexpress human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). We hypothesize that comparing patterns of FDG and FES uptake in patients with HER2-positive versus HER2-negative MBC can guide further biologic and clinical studies into the HR/HER2-positive phenotype.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study examining uptake in matched lesions for FES and FDG-PET scans, assessing these parameters in 213 patients with ER-positive/HER2-positive (n = 33) versus ER-positive/HER2-negative MBC (n = 180). We employed log-rank and t-tests to assess the association of HER2 status with outcome variables and the hypotheses that patients expressing HER2-positive disease lived longer than patient with HER2-negative disease.

Results
No difference in FES or FDG avidity was observed between patients with HER2-negative or HER2-positive tumor status. Limited data also suggests that patients with HER2-positive disease had better overall survival (p = 0.024), than those with HER2-negative disease, but not time-to-progression between the same patient cohorts.

Conclusion
This retrospective analysis suggests that there is a possible role for future trials using FES-PET in helping to select patients with ER+/HER2-positive primary tumors who retain ER expression at all sites of disease and may benefit from endocrine therapy.
Exploratory high b value diffusion-weighted MR for quantitative differentiation of ileocecal inflammatory conditions and tumors
Authors: Yu Hao , Hai Yucheng , Lu Jingyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the quantitative analysis of high b value (2000 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of ileocecal inflammatory conditions and tumors, compared with conventional b value (800 s/mm2) DWI.

Methods
Sixty-six patients with 30 tumors and 36 inflammatory conditions underwent MR enterography with conventional and high b values DWI. Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of lesions of the psoas muscle were measured from the two b value DWIs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to determine the diagnostic value of ADC and SIR for differentiating tumors from inflammatory conditions.

Results
The ADC values of tumors were significantly lower than those of inflammatory conditions in 800 s/mm2 (p = 0.001) and 2000 s/mm2 (p < 0.001) DWI. In addition, tumors exhibited significantly higher SIR values compared to inflammatory conditions (p < 0.001 in 800 s/mm2 and 2000 s/mm2 DWI). Areas under the curve (AUC) of ADC and SIR derived from high b value (0.828 for ADC, 0.947 for SIR) were superior to those from conventional b value DWI (0.731 and 0.849, respectively). Compared to ADC, SIR values achieved better AUCs in both two b values DWI.

Conclusions
Quantitative ADC values and SIR could be used as non-invasive tools to distinguish ileocecal tumors from inflammatory conditions. The use of high b value DWI would improve this ability. Furthermore, SIR obtained from high b value DWI was the most promising quantitative parameter.

Critical relevance statement
This study indicated that quantitative DWI parameters might be applied as non-invasive imaging biomarkers for distinguishing bowel tumors from inflammatory conditions. The SIR from high b value DWI could improve the differentiation, providing invaluable information for establishing appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Key Points

Differentiation between bowel inflammatory conditions and tumors is still a dilemma.

Quantitative DWI contributed to distinguishing ileocecal tumors from inflammatory conditions.

SIR from DWI is a promising parameter for differentiating these pathologies.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation in CT: sign of absent retromesenteric duodenum reliable
Authors: Yang Min , Zheng Shaokun , Shu Jian , Yao Zhenwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the incidence of absent retromesenteric duodenum with other radiological signs and to assess its diagnostic significance for midgut malrotation in adults.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective single-center study involved adult patients who underwent abdominal CT scans. Patients were screened for the presence of the absent retromesenteric duodenum sign. Signs observed included the position of the duodenal–jejunal junction (DJJ) and jejunum within the abdomen, the relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the locations of the ascending colon, cecum, and appendix, and the presence of intestinal volvulus.

Results
A total of 5594 patients were included. Seven patients exhibited the sign of absent retromesenteric duodenum. Four of these patients were identified as those diagnosed with midgut malrotation in the past five years. The common features observed in all 11 patients were: the horizontal segment of the duodenum did not traverse behind the SMA but instead curved rightwards and forwards adjacent to it; the DJJ and jejunum were positioned in the right abdomen; the SMV was anterior to the SMA. In 7 patients (7/11), the ascending colon, cecum, and appendix were located in the left abdomen. 5 patients (5/11) showed a high cecum position, and 2 patients (2/11) exhibited a pelvic appendix.

Conclusion
The absent retromesenteric duodenum sign in CT diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation has proven to be more reliable.

Critical relevance statement
Radiologists should routinely identify the course of the duodenum horizontal segment in CT images, to prevent misdiagnosis of adult midgut malrotation.

Key Points

CT is suitable for the diagnosis of adult midgut malrotation.

Absent retromesenteric duodenum for diagnosing adult midgut malrotation is more reliable than other signs.

Diagnostic CT criteria for adult midgut malrotation need updating.

Graphical Abstract
MoxR effects as an ATPase on anti-stress and pathogenicity of Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Yanhao , He Yushan , Hou Yarong , Li Xuedi , Yang Xueying , Zhou Zutao , Li Zili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Duck infectious serositis is a septicemic disease caused by the bacterium Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer), which affects ducks, geese, turkeys, and other poultry. While outbreaks have been reported worldwide, the exact mechanisms of infection and disease progression remain unclear. Our previous research identified the two-component system PhoPR within the genome of R. anatipestifer and demonstrated its association with the bacterium’s pathogenicity. Through multi-omics analysis, we found that PhoP directly regulates the expression of several genes, including moxR, within the Bacteroides aerotolerance (Bat) operon. However, the function of MoxR in R. anatipestifer has not yet been reported. To investigate the impact of MoxR on the expression of the bat operon and the pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer, we constructed ΔmoxR and other derivative strains. Our findings revealed that overexpression of MoxR inhibits the transcription of the bat operon. Conversely, deletion of moxR, along with exposure of R. anatipestifer to thermal or oxidative stress, results in increased transcription levels of the bat operon. By measuring the survival ability of each strain under stress, we discovered that MoxR is closely associated with the resistance of R. anatipestifer to thermal and oxidative stress by influencing the expression of the bat operon. Duckling infection experiments, along with adhesion and invasion assays, showed that deletion of moxR in R. anatipestifer led to decreased pathogenicity, and lower bacterial load in various tissues. Collectively, our findings collectively demonstrate the significant role of MoxR in the anti-stress and pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer, providing new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms.
An interactive mobile three-dimensional virtual laboratory for learning ear anatomy
Authors: Putri Atina , Rosmansyah Fahma Waluya , Triejunita Chessa Nur , Sukmana Yuda , Purnami Nyilo , Sakina Sakina , Amalia Yuni Sari , Rosmansyah Yusep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing popularity of mobile devices as alternative tools for learning has led to the adoption of virtual laboratory simulation (VLab) to enhance practical learning experiences. This paper introduces an interactive mobile learning application designed to facilitate medical students in learning ear anatomy using a three-dimensional model. Furthermore, this study examines students’ perceptions of VLab and its impact on the learning process, as evidenced by their performance. The research involved a total of 40 medical and engineering students who were enrolled in anatomy and physiology courses. A cross-over repeated measures design was conducted to compare students’ experiences with both types of learning methods: conventional and VLab. To analyze students’ perceptions of VLab, a five-point Likert scale comprising 22 question items was utilized based on the hedonic-motivation system adoption model, which includes seven variables: heightened enjoyment, behavioral intention to use, perceived usefulness, curiosity, control, perceived ease of use, and focused immersion (FI). Additionally, students’ performance data were collected through the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. The results of quantitative statistical analysis indicated that VLab generally fulfilled students’ perceptions. Moreover, the findings revealed that the combination of conventional learning approaches and VLab positively enhanced students’ learning performance, as demonstrated by improvements in their scores.
Prevalence of mud diapirs in the Hyuga-nada subduction zone, southwest Japan, and its implications on hydrogeological processes
Authors: Arai Ryuta , Shiraishi Kazuya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujie Gou , Kioka Arata , Kinoshita Masataka , Fukuchi Rina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mud volcanoes, common seafloor features in subduction zone forearcs, provide crucial insights into deep hydrogeological systems associated with plate subduction. Despite their widespread occurrence, the factors governing their uneven distribution remain unclear, and their internal physical properties are poorly understood. Using multiple seismic reflection profiles and high-resolution P-wave velocity (Vp) models, we examined the distribution and physical properties of mud diapirs in the Hyuga-nada subduction zone, southwest Japan, impacted by the Kyushu-Palau ridge seamount chain entering the junction of the Nankai Trough and the Ryukyu Trench. Our seismic reflection data revealed more than 60 diapiric structures, some breaching the seafloor, while others remain buried beneath shallow sediments. These diapirs predominantly occur where the subducting slab is 10–20 km deep, mainly on the leading edge of a large subducting seamount. Notably, there is a significant absence of diapirs directly above the seamount and within approximately 50 km of the trench axis. The findings suggest that once the slab reaches depths greater than 10 km, thermogenic hydrocarbon gas production, which gains significant buoyancy, drives upwelling fluid flows in the overriding plate. The ridge subduction also contributes to diapir distribution by enhancing dehydration of underthrust sediments on the downdip side and creating a porous fracture network in the upper plate. The Vp structure of an exposed mud volcano indicates that it contains methane levels similar to those in the Kumano-nada region of the central Nankai Trough. Buried mud diapirs, rooted in fluid- and gas-rich reservoirs at 1–5 km depths below the seafloor, exhibit significantly lower seismic velocities (Vp < 3.0 km/s), indicating higher fluid and hydrocarbon gas concentration at depth. These observations suggest the forearc wedge in the Hyuga-nada area contains more extensive fluid/gas reservoirs than previously recognized.
Injection site reactions of biologics and mitigation strategies
Authors: Zhi Li , Liu Dingjiang , Shameem Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biological products administered via subcutaneous (SC) injections offer an effective and convenient alternative to those administered via traditional intravenous injections and have gained a significant increase among approved drugs in recent years. However, SC injections may cause injection site reactions (ISRs) especially injection site pain (ISP). Although usually mild and occurring with variable frequency ranging from about 0.8 to 15.5%, ISRs can degrade patient experience and negatively impact patient treatment adherence. In an effort to prevent unnecessary discontinuation of the treatment, this review article aims to provide an overview of the key risk factors reported in published literature that may contribute to ISRs in SC administered biologics. In addition, mitigation strategies are proposed to help reduce the incidence of ISRs, support the development of well-tolerated SC products, and allow patients to take advantage of the full value of the SC route of administration.

Graphical abstract
Gamma Knife application for optic/hypothalamic pathway glioma: a systematic review
Authors: Rashidi Farhang , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Karami Shaghayegh , Mirjani Mohammad Sina , Maleki Samin , Bahri Amirmohammad , Iranmehr Arad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are tumors in the optic nerve, chiasm, or hypothalamus, primarily affecting children. They can cause visual disturbances and increased intracranial pressure. The current treatment approach includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery, but the optimal management strategy remains uncertain. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) has emerged as a promising option for managing OPGs, offering lower toxicity rates and improved neurocognitive function. However, the effectiveness and safety of GKS for OPGs require further investigation. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the outcomes and potential complications of GKS for OPGs. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of GKS in terms of tumor control, visual outcome, and endocrine outcome.

Methods
Using the related key terms, we comprehensively searched relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 15, 2024. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included according to the eligibility criteria, and the relevant data were extracted.

Results
The current systematic review included seven studies (n = 83, 40 males and 43 females). All studies employed Gamma Knife as the radiation source, and the reported progression-free survival rates ranged from 78 to 100% during one to five years following treatment. During a one to five-year follow-up period, the preservation of visual acuity was reported to range between 77 and 92%. Furthermore, no cases of radiation necrosis or other neurological impairments were reported in the studies.

Conclusion
GKS appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with OPGs, minimizing the risk of radiation-induced toxicity. However, further controlled studies are needed to establish the current study's findings regarding safety and efficacy.
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation in management of gastric antral vascular ectasia: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Swifee Esraa Y. M. , Osman Osman A. , Abdel-Malek Mohamed O , Mekky Mohamed A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is challenging. Most of the published studies investigated the role of argon plasma coagulation (APC). However, comparing APC versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is still underestimated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare efficacy and safety of EBL and APC in management of GAVE.

Methods
Between April 2022 and April 2024, a randomized, controlled study was conducted in EL-Rajhi endoscopy unit at Assuit university hospital to enroll all patients endoscopically diagnosed with GAVE. Each patient was randomly assigned to his group using quick Calcs method for randomization. Post-procedure follow-up after 3 months and 6 months to evaluate potential complications.

Results
A total of 30 patients diagnosed endoscopically with gastric GAVE were randomly divided into two groups: APC group including 16 patients (62.5% males and 37.5% females), their median age was 64.00, and EBL group including 14 patients (71.4% males and 28.6% females), their median age was 65.00. We found that both EBL and APC were effective in successful management of GAVE and improving hemoglobin level (p < 0.001) and decreased the need for blood transfusion with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p 0.732). However, EBL was superior to APC in fewer number of endoscopic sessions needed for endoscopic remission of GAVE (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups (p > 0.056).

Conclusion
APC and EBL are effective in the management of GAVE. However, EBL is potentially superior in fewer number of treatment sessions, but not in the extent to which the two methods improved hemoglobin level and blood transfusion needed. Further studies with large numbers, different inclusions are needed.
Tunable acoustic transmission based on waveguide network metastructure
Authors: Lan Jun , Zhou Yumin , Wang Tao , Li Yifeng , Liu Xiaozhou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The tunable manipulation of sound propagation for on-chip waveguide is crucial for acoustic integrated circuits. Here, a non-uniform Mie resonator with anisotropic spatial dispersion characteristic is proposed as an adjustable unit to realize tunable transmission across multiple paths within the waveguide network metastructure. The structure of the non-uniform Mie resonator has four waveguides with different refractive indexes obtained by zigzag waveguides, which can excite fixed and rotational anisotropic hyperbolic characteristics simultaneously. On this basis, non-uniform Mie resonator array metamaterials are integrated at the intersections of waveguide network metastructure. By varying the rotation angle of the non-uniform Mie resonators, tunable control over the sound transmission paths within the waveguide network metastructure is achieved. Moreover, the proposed method allows for the simultaneous transmission of multiple non-intersecting sound paths without significant interference. Designed waveguide network metastructure opens a new avenue for improving the utilization efficiency in on-chip waveguide.