bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sociodemographics, behavioral factors, and internet use behaviors in students' psychological health amid COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Hosen Ismail , al Mamun Firoj , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic drastically impacted students' psychological well‐being by interchanging their regular activities. Students are more engaged with online activities, which may affect their mental health. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the magnitude of psychological health of the Bangladeshi students, where the role of online use behaviors is also investigated.MethodsAn online‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted between 7 October 2020 and 2 November, 2020 among Bangladeshi students utilizing a convenience sampling technique. The survey questionnaire included items concerning sociodemographics, behavior and health‐related variables, online use behaviors, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐2). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the data (i.e., binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between variables and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to predict the variance for depression and anxiety).ResultsOut of 601 included students, 260 and 196 students reported the symptoms of depression (43.3%) and anxiety (32.6%), respectively, where female students experienced a higher level of psychological problems. The psychological suffering was also significantly associated with medical college students, having an affair, less sleep time, not performing physical exercise, excessive internet use, and not watching news during online activities. After adjusting all of the studied variables in the hierarchical regression models, it explained 10% and 9.6% variance of depression and anxiety, respectively.ConclusionsDuring this pandemic situation, a relatively higher level of psychological complications was observed among the Bangladeshi students. Regrettably, any specific policy was absent in the country to assuage that outcome. Therefore, based on the study finding, a few strategies and policies were recommended that may be helpful to alleviate psychological issues among the students.
Clinical manifestations of influenza and performance of rapid influenza diagnostic test: A university hospital setting
Authors: Phetcharakupt Varistha , Pasomsub Ekawat , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) is a diagnostic tool that detects the influenza virus nucleoprotein antigen. The RIDT is widely used in clinical practice because it is simple and cost‐effective, and provides results within 10‐15 minutes.ObjectiveWe aimed at evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the Sofia® RIDT compared with the Luminex® multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The other goal was to determine the predicting factors for diagnosing influenza among individuals with influenza‐like illness (ILI).MethodPatients with ILI who had the results of both tests were retrospectively reviewed. We determined the performances of the RIDT.ResultsA total of 473 patients were included with a median age of 58 (interquartile range 41‐74) years. Of these, 47.1% were male, and 16.2% were diagnosed with influenza by the RIDT or RT‐PCR's positive test. For influenza A, the RIDT showed a sensitivity of 76.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.8‐88.6) and a specificity of 97.9% (95% CI 96.1‐99.0), whereas for influenza B, it showed a sensitivity of 47.1% (95% CI 23.0‐72.2) and a specificity of 97.1% (95% CI 95.2‐98.5). Patients with influenza were more likely to present with fever (81.8% vs 63.1%), cough (81.8% vs 66.1%), and rhinorrhea (41.6% vs 26.5%) compared to those without influenza (P < 0.05, all), and had a higher proportion of pneumonia (19.5% vs 10.6%, P = 0.029) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (5.2% vs 1.5%, P = 0.063). The predicting factors for influenza among patients presented with ILI were cough (odds ratio [OR] 2.77; 95% CI 0.21‐0.81, P = 0.010), rhinorrhea (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.03‐3.36, P = 0.037), and higher body temperature (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23‐2.19, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of the RIDT for the diagnosis of influenza is fair in contrast to the specificity. Among patients with ILI, cough, rhinorrhea, and higher body temperature might be factors for predicting influenza.
Risk Perception, Ambiguity, and Nuclear‐Waste Transport
Authors: Riddel Mary 
Published: October 2021

Although ambiguity has received ample attention in the theoretical expected‐utility literature, measures of ambiguity are rare. Here, I present a framework for eliciting and estimating risk and ambiguity simultaneously using a risk ladder. The model, based on a variant of the induced‐distribution approach of Hill, Perry, and Willis (2007, Estimating Knightian uncertainty with survival probability questions on the HRS, unpublished paper, University of Michigan), allows me to estimate risk and ambiguity jointly and derive the correlation between the two. The approach allows for heterogeneity and measurement error in the perceived risk distribution.I apply the model to data from a survey of perceived mortality risk from transporting radioactive waste to the proposed Yucca Mountain facility. The data suggest that the public perceives transport risk well in excess of that estimated by the U.S. Department of Energy. Moreover, the perceived risks are highly ambiguous. The success (and cost) of transport plans may hinge on planners' ability to reassure and educate the public about the true risks of transport.
Higher Levels of Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells Are Associated With Higher Bone Mineral Density and Lean Mass in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Feehan Jack , Smith Cassandra , Tripodi Nicholas , Degabrielle Elizabeth , Al Saedi Ahmed , Vogrin Sara , Duque Gustavo , Levinger Itamar 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTCirculating osteo progenitor (COP) cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that circulate within the peripheral blood with characteristics of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor pool. Little is known about the behavior of this cell population in humans. The aim of this study was to identify whether a relationship exists between COP cells (as a percentage of the peripheral blood monocytic cells) and musculoskeletal morphometry and to identify if COP have potential clinical utility as a biomarker for osteoporosis. We recruited 57 older adults (median age: 69 years; IQR: 65, 75 years) living independently in the community and performed cross‐sectional analysis to identify associations between the percentage of COP cells and body composition parameters, and through receiver operating characteristic analysis, we evaluated their ability to act as a biomarker of osteoporosis. COP cells were moderately associated with whole‐body bone mineral density (BMD) (r = 0.323, p = 0.014) and bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.387, p = 0.003), neck of femur BMD (r = 0.473, p < 0.001), and BMC (r = 0.461, p < 0.001) as well as appendicular lean mass (ALM) (p = 0.038) and male sex (p = 0.044) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis controlling for age, gender, height, and weight, COP cells remained strongly associated with neck of femur BMD (p = 0.001) and content (p = 0.003). COP cells were also a good predictor of osteoporosis (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA] T‐score < −2.5) at the neck of femur (cutoff: 0.4%; sensitivity: 100%; specificity 79%) and total body (cutoff: 0.35%; sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 81%). This study shows strong relationships between bone parameters and COP cell number and male sex. They also have potential as a biomarker of osteoporosis, which may provide a new tool for advanced detection and screening in clinical settings. Future larger evaluation studies should verify the cutoffs for biomarker use, and further explore the relationship between COP cells and muscle. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Extracellular vesicles are the primary source of blood‐borne tumour‐derived mutant KRAS DNA early in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hagey Daniel W. , Kordes Maximilian , Görgens André , Mowoe Metoboroghene O. , Nordin Joel Z. , Moro Carlos Fernández , Löhr J.‐Matthias , EL Andaloussi Samir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUp to now, the field of liquid biopsies has focused on circulating tumour DNA and cells, though extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been of increasing interest in recent years. Thus, reported sources of tumour‐derived nucleic acids include leukocytes, platelets and apoptotic bodies (AB), as well as large (LEV) and small (SEV) EVs. Despite these competing claims, there has yet to be a standardized comparison of the tumour‐derived DNA associated with different components of blood. To address this issue, we collected twenty‐three blood samples from seventeen patients with pancreatic cancers of known mutant KRAS G12 genotype, and divided them into two groups based on the time of patient survival following sampling. After collecting red and white blood cells, we subjected 1 ml aliquots of platelet rich plasma to differential centrifugation in order to separate the platelets, ABs, LEVs, SEVs and soluble proteins (SP) present. We then confirmed the enrichment of specific blood components in each differential centrifugation fraction using electron microscopy, Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis and bead‐based multiplex flow cytometry assays. By targeting wild type and tumour‐specific mutant KRAS alleles using digital PCR, we found that the levels of mutant KRAS DNA were highest in association with LEVs and SEVs early, and with SEVs and SP late in disease progression. Importantly, we established that SEVs were the most enriched in tumour‐derived DNA throughout disease progression, and verified this association using size exclusion chromatography. This work provides important direction for the rapidly expanding field of liquid biopsies by supporting an increased focus on EVs as a source of tumour‐derived DNA.
Telegenetics: The experience of an Indian center (Centre for Human Genetics) during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rao Nivedita , Kanago Dhanashree , Morris Monisha , Narayan Vinu , Varshney Kruti , GN Sanjeeva , Bhat Meenakshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBecause of the lockdowns and restrictions placed on non‐emergency medical services due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we were prompted to set up telegenetic services for patients and families with genetic disorders. Genetic medicine poses special challenges because the unit of consultation and counseling is often the family and not just the individual. We describe here our experience over eight months in 2020 in evaluating 539 families with genetic disorders on a virtual platform. Patients from urban and rural districts of Karnataka and neighboring states received telegenetic consultation. Families were phoned by genetic counselors 14–28 days after the initial consultation to measure feedback. One member of each family was invited to complete a modified 9‐item Telehealth Satisfaction Scale (TeSS scale). Of 293 respondents, approximately 87.3% reported satisfaction with the visual and audio quality of online contact and 86.7% on saving travel time and expenses. A shorter waiting time for appointments as compared to in‐person appointments in the previous year was seen in approximately 90%. Nearly 87% reported satisfaction with online genetic consultation; however, 74% of these indicated a preference for a face‐to‐face appointment. The reasons for this included a cultural perception of confidence instilled by meeting medical specialists in person. Telegenetics presents unusual advantages in India because of the high usage of smartphones, unlimited Internet data as a feature of most Internet plans, free web‐based video applications, and digital payments. We suggest that telegenetics may be an alternative in providing a hybrid model of care in non‐emergency situations especially where resources are limited.
Estimation of the degree of surgical difficulty anticipated for pancreatoduodenectomy: Preoperative and intraoperative factors
Authors: Kosaka Hisashi , Satoi Sohei , Kono Yumiko , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Hirooka Satoshi , Yamaki So , Hashimoto Daisuke , Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a technically complex procedure. Preoperative anticipation of the degree of difficulty could contribute to patient safety during trainee surgical education.MethodsWe prospectively administered a questionnaire to the chief surgeon after each PD performed between 2016 and 2018 at our institution (99 consecutive patients). The surgeon rated the difficulty of the procedure; we then analyzed this information against perioperative data.ResultsThe difficulty of PD was ranked as simple (29.3%), moderate (40.4%), or difficult (30.3%). The difficult procedures required an operative time of 2 h longer than the simple procedures and involved an additional 800 mL of intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative complications were similar in all groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that an unrecognized tissue plane for dissection was an independent determinant of a difficult PD (odds ratio [OR]: 89.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2‐861.2; P < .001). Independent predictors of a difficult PD were a pretreatment status of borderline resectable or unresectable (OR: 21.9, CI: 5.3‐90.6; P < .001) and cholangitis during the preoperative period (OR: 4.1, CI: 1.3‐13.0; P = .017).ConclusionsSurgeons deem the PD procedure to be difficult when the proper tissue plane for dissection is unrecognized. Preoperative assessment of the anticipated difficulty could contribute to better operative management.
100 years of inherited metabolic disorders in Austria—A national registry of minimal birth prevalence, diagnosis, and clinical outcome of inborn errors of metabolism in Austria between 1921 and 2021
Authors: Ramoser Gabriele , Caferri Federica , Radlinger Bernhard , Brunner‐Krainz Michaela , Herbst Sybille , Huemer Martina , Hufgard‐Leitner Miriam , Kircher Susanne G. , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Löscher Wolfgang , Möslinger Dorothea , Plecko Barbara , Spenger Johannes , Stulnig Thomas , Sunder‐Plassmann Gere , Wortmann Saskia , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , Karall Daniela ,   Austrian IMD Registry Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractInherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by disruption of metabolic pathways. To date, data on incidence and prevalence of IMDs are limited. Taking advantage of a functioning network within the Austrian metabolic group, our registry research aimed to update the data of the “Registry for Inherited Metabolic Disorders” started between 1985 and 1995 with retrospectively retrieved data on patients with IMDs according to the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism International Classification of Diseases 11 (SSIEM ICD11) catalogue. Included in this retrospective register were 2631 patients with an IMD according to the SSIEM ICD11 Classification, who were treated in Austria. Thus, a prevalence of 1.8/10 000 for 2020 and a median minimal birth prevalence of 16.9/100 000 (range 0.7/100 000‐113/100 000) were calculated for the period 1921 to February 2021. We detected a male predominance (m:f = 1.2:1) and a mean age of currently alive patients of 17.6 years (range 5.16 months‐100 years). Most common diagnoses were phenylketonuria (17.7%), classical galactosaemia (6.6%), and biotinidase deficiency (4.2%). The most common diagnosis categories were disorders of amino acid and peptide metabolism (819/2631; 31.1%), disorders of energy metabolism (396/2631; 15.1%), and lysosomal disorders (395/2631; 15.0%). In addition to its epidemiological relevance, the “Registry for Inherited Metabolic Disorders” is an important tool for enhancing an exchange between care providers. Moreover, by pooling expertise it prospectively improves patient treatment, similar to pediatric oncology protocols. A substantial requirement for ful filling this goal is to regularly update the registry and provide nationwide coverage with inclusion of all medical specialties.
A General Model to Calculate the Spin–Lattice Relaxation Rate (R1) of Blood, Accounting for Hematocrit, Oxygen Saturation, Oxygen Partial Pressure, and Magnetic Field Strength Under Hyperoxic Conditions
Authors: Bluemke Emma , Stride Eleanor , Bulte Daniel P. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundUnder normal physiological conditions, the spin–lattice relaxation rate (R1) in blood is influenced by many factors, including hematocrit, field strength, and the paramagnetic effects of deoxyhemoglobin and dissolved oxygen. In addition, techniques such as oxygen‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require high fractions of inspired oxygen to induce hyperoxia, which complicates the R1 signal further. A quantitative model relating total blood oxygen content to R1 could help explain these effects.PurposeTo propose and assess a general model to estimate the R1 of blood, accounting for hematocrit, SO2, PO2, and B0 under both normal physiological and hyperoxic conditions.Study TypeMathematical modeling.PopulationOne hundred and twenty‐six published values of R1 from phantoms and animal models.Field Strength/Sequence5–8.45 T.AssessmentWe propose a two‐compartment nonlinear model to calculate R1 as a function of hematocrit, PO2, and B0. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the best‐performing model with the fewest parameters. A previous model of R1 as a function of hematocrit, SO2, and B0 has been proposed by Hales et al, and our work builds upon this work to make the model applicable under hyperoxic conditions (SO2 > 0.99). Models were assessed using the AIC, mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Bland–Altman analysis. The effect of volume fraction constants and was assessed by the SD of resulting R1. The range of the model was determined by the maximum and minimum B0, hematocrit, SO2, and PO2 of the literature data points.Statistical TestsBland–Altman, AIC, MSE, coefficient of determination (R2), SD.ResultsThe model estimates agreed well with the literature values of R1 of blood (R2 = 0.93, MSE = 0.0013 s−2), and its performance was consistent across the range of parameters: B0 = 1.5–8.45 T, SO2 = 0.40–1, PO2 = 30–700 mmHg.Data ConclusionUsing the results from this model, we have quantified and explained the contradictory decrease in R1 reported in oxygen‐enhanced MRI and oxygen‐delivery experiments.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 1
Development of monolith/aminated carbon nanotubes composite‐based solid‐phase microextraction of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides in water and soil samples
Authors: Chen Hexun , Luo Siyu , Huang Xiaojia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new adsorbent based on monolith/aminated carbon nanotubes composite was facilely prepared and employed as the extraction phase of multiple monolithic fibers solid‐phase microextraction for the capture of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides. The adsorbent was fabricated by mingling aminated carbon nanotubes in the poly (allylthiourea‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith. Various techniques were employed to characterize the morphology, structure, and pore size of the prepared adsorbent. The proposed microextraction method displayed satisfactory capture performance towards studied analytes through multi‐interactions such as hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic and π‐π interactions. Under the optimized conditions, a sensitive and reliable method to quantify trace analytes in water and soil samples was developed. The limits of detection were in the ranges of 0.13–0.25 μg/L and 0.20–0.61 μg/kg for water and soil samples, respectively. The practicality of the introduced method was demonstrated by applying it to monitor the contents of studied analytes in environmental water and soil samples. Satisfactory fortified recoveries (76.4–119%) and reproducibility were obtained. The achieved results well demonstrated that the suggested microextraction technique can efficiently extract phenoxycarboxylic acids and the developed method exhibits a promising potential for reliable and sensitive quantification of trace analytes in complex samples.
Two temperate corals are tolerant to low pH regardless of previous exposure to natural CO2 vents
Authors: Carbonne Chloe , Teixidó Núria , Moore Billy , Mirasole Alice , Guttierez Thomas , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Comeau Steeve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOcean acidification is perceived to be a major threat for many calcifying organisms, including scleractinian corals. Here, we investigate (1) whether past exposure to low pH environments associated with CO2 vents could increase corals tolerance to low pH and (2) whether zooxanthellate corals are more tolerant to low pH than azooxanthellate corals. To test these hypotheses, two Mediterranean colonial corals Cladocora caespitosa (zooxanthellate) and Astroides calycularis (azooxanthellate) were collected from CO2 vents and reference sites and incubated in the laboratory under present day (pH on the total scale, pHT 8.07) and low pH conditions (pHT 7.70). Rates of net calcification, dark respiration, and photosynthesis were monitored during a 6‐month experiment. Monthly net calcification was assessed every 27–35 d using the buoyant weight technique, whereas light and dark net calcification was estimated using the alkalinity anomaly technique during 1‐h incubations. Neither species showed any change in net calcification rates, respiration, and photosynthesis regardless of their environmental history, pH treatment, and trophic strategy. Our results indicate that C. caespitosa and As. calycularis could tolerate future ocean acidification conditions for at least 6 months. These results will aid in predicting species' future responses to ocean acidification, and thus improve the management and conservation of Mediterranean corals.