bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering factors associated with a new episode of recurrent acute anterior uveitis
Authors: Neti Nutnicha , Pimsri Anchisa , Boonsopon Sutasinee , Tesavibul Nattaporn , Choopong Pitipol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo identify triggering factors for the next inflammatory episode of recurrent acute anterior uveitis (RAAU), a 1:1 case–control study was conducted. We interviewed RAAU patients with recent acute anterior uveitis attack and quiescent controls for their information during a previous month using Srithanya Stress Test (ST-5) and questionnaires about potential triggering factors. Asymptomatic controls were matched for age (± 5 years), sex, and HLA-B27. There were 39 pairs of cases and controls. Patients who recently experienced a uveitis attack demonstrated higher mean ST-5 scores (3.7 ± 2.9 vs 0.7 ± 1.1) and shorter sleep time (6.3 ± 1.4 vs 7.4 ± 0.7 h per day) compared with their controls. In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, ST-5 score ≥ 3 (OR 9.07, 95% CI 1.14–72.16, p = 0.037) and sleep time < 7 h per day (OR 12.12, 95% CI 1.37–107.17, p = 0.025) were more likely to trigger a uveitis attack in RAAU accounted for patients’ age, sex, HLA- B27 positivity, and presence of concurrent anti-inflammatory drugs for co-existing diseases. Other suspected triggering factors were not found to have any significant association. In short, stress and inadequate sleep may lead to the future episode of acute anterior uveitis in RAAU. Both physical and emotional stress management should be advised to RAAU patients to minimize recurrences and further complications.
Radiological anatomy of the intracranial vertebral artery in a select South African cohort of patients
Authors: Omotoso B. R. , Harrichandparsad R. , Satyapal K. S. , Moodley I. G. , Lazarus L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe intracranial segment of the vertebral artery (VA) is the unique part of the artery where the two VAs join to form a single vascular channel, viz. the basilar artery. In addition to this typical description, anatomical variations have been described; the presence of anatomical variation has been associated with some pathological processes, neurological complications, and the risk of vascular diseases in the posterior circulatory territory. We evaluated the typical anatomical features and variations of the VA4 component of the VA in a South African population to provide useful data on the prevalence of variation and morphometry of the distal VA. The study is an observational, retrospective chart review of 554 consecutive South African patients (Black, Indian, and Caucasian) who had been examined with multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) from January 2009 to September 2019. We observed various anatomical variations in the VA4 segment of the VA. We report the incidence of VA hypoplasia, hypoplastic terminal VA, and atresia. Fenestration and duplicate posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin were also observed. The left intracranial VA was significantly larger than the right. Our study shows that anatomical variation of the intracranial VA is common in the population studied, with a total prevalence of 36.5%. Understanding the patterns of anatomical variations of the VAs will contribute significantly to the interpretation of ischemic areas and diagnosis of various diseases in the posterior circulatory territory.
A pair of effectors encoded on a conditionally dispensable chromosome of Fusarium oxysporum suppress host-specific immunity
Authors: Ayukawa Yu , Asai Shuta , Gan Pamela , Tsushima Ayako , Ichihashi Yasunori , Shibata Arisa , Komatsu Ken , Houterman Petra M. , Rep Martijn , Shirasu Ken , Arie Tsutomu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany plant pathogenic fungi contain conditionally dispensable (CD) chromosomes that are associated with virulence, but not growth in vitro. Virulence-associated CD chromosomes carry genes encoding effectors and/or host-specific toxin biosynthesis enzymes that may contribute to determining host specificity. Fusarium oxysporum causes devastating diseases of more than 100 plant species. Among a large number of host-specific forms, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Focn) can infect Brassicaceae plants including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cabbage. Here we show that Focn has multiple CD chromosomes. We identified specific CD chromosomes that are required for virulence on Arabidopsis, cabbage, or both, and describe a pair of effectors encoded on one of the CD chromosomes that is required for suppression of Arabidopsis-specific phytoalexin-based immunity. The effector pair is highly conserved in F. oxysporum isolates capable of infecting Arabidopsis, but not of other plants. This study provides insight into how host specificity of F. oxysporum may be determined by a pair of effector genes on a transmissible CD chromosome.
Markovianization with approximate unitary designs
Authors: Figueroa–Romero Pedro , Pollock Felix A. , Modi Kavan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMemoryless processes are ubiquitous in nature, in contrast with the mathematics of open systems theory, which states that non-Markovian processes should be the norm. This discrepancy is usually addressed by subjectively making the environment forgetful. Here we prove that there are physical non-Markovian processes that with high probability look highly Markovian for all orders of correlations; we call this phenomenon Markovianization. Formally, we show that when a quantum process has dynamics given by an approximate unitary design, a large deviation bound on the size of non-Markovian memory is implied. We exemplify our result employing an efficient construction of an approximate unitary circuit design using two-qubit interactions only, showing how seemingly simple systems can speedily become forgetful. Conversely, since the process is closed, it should be possible to detect the underlying non-Markovian effects. However, for these processes, observing non-Markovian signatures would require highly entangling resources and hence be a difficult task.
A unified perturbative approach to electrocaloric effects
Authors: Graf Mónica , Íñiguez Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrocaloric effect, that is, the temperature change experienced by an insulator upon application of an electric field, offers promising ecofriendly alternatives to refrigeration. However, the theoretical treatments of this response are mostly case specific and lack a unified picture revealing the similarities and differences among the various known effects. Here, we show that the electrocaloric effect lends itself to a straightforward interpretation when expressed as a Taylor series in the external field. Our formalism explains in a unified and simple way the most notable small-field effects reported in the literature, namely the so-called normal and inverse electrocaloric responses, corresponding to an increase or decrease of temperature under applied field, as usually found in ferroelectrics or antiferroelectrics, respectively. This helps us to clarify their physical interpretation. We then discuss in detail atomistic simulations for the prototype ferroelectric PbTiO3, explicitly evaluating subtle predictions of the theory, such as the occurrence of competing contributions to the electrocaloric response.
Repeating earthquakes and ground deformation reveal the structure and triggering mechanisms of the Pernicana fault, Mt. Etna
Authors: Cannata Andrea , Iozzia Adriana , Alparone Salvatore , Bonforte Alessandro , Cannavò Flavio , Cesca Simone , Gresta Stefano , Rivalta Eleonora , Ursino Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStructure and dynamics of fault systems can be investigated using repeating earthquakes as repeatable seismic sources, alongside ground deformation measurements. Here we utilise a dataset of repeating earthquakes which occurred between 2000 and 2019 along the transtensive Pernicana fault system on the northeast flank of Mount Etna, Italy, to investigate the fault structure, as well as the triggering mechanisms of the seismicity. By grouping the repeating earthquakes into families and integrating the seismic data with GPS measurements of ground deformation, we identify four distinct portions of the fault. Each portion shows a different behaviour in terms of seismicity, repeating earthquakes and ground deformation, which we attribute to structural differences including a segmentation of the fault plane at depth. The recurrence intervals of repeating earthquake families display a low degree of regularity which suggests an episodic triggering mechanism, such as magma intrusion, rather than displacement under a constant stress.
Spin and valence isomerism in cyanide-bridged {FeIII2MII} (M = Fe and Co) clusters
Authors: Zhao Xin-Hua , Shao Dong , Chen Jia-Tao , Liu Min , Li Tao , Yang Jiong , Zhang Yuan-Zhu 
Published: June 2021

Two isostructural cyanide-bridged {Fe2M} (M = Fe (1), Co (2)) clusters were investigated. Both 1 and 2 exhibit reversible spin transition due to SCO for 1 while ETCST for 2 with additional irreversible susceptibility changes at high temperatures.
Evolution of solar surface inflows around emerging active regions
Authors: Gottschling N. , Schunker H. , Birch A. C. , Löptien B. , Gizon L. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Solar active regions are associated with Evershed outflows in sunspot penumbrae, moat outflows surrounding sunspots, and extended inflows surrounding active regions. Extended inflows have been identified around established active regions with various methods. The evolution of these inflows and their dependence on active region properties as well as their effect on the global magnetic field are not yet understood.Aims.We aim to understand the evolution of the average inflows around emerging active regions and to derive an empirical model for these inflows. We expect that this can be used to better understand how the inflows act on the diffusion of the magnetic field in active regions.Methods.We analyzed horizontal flows at the surface of the Sun using local correlation tracking of solar granules observed in continuum images of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We measured average flows of a sample of 182 isolated active regions up to seven days before and after their emergence onto the solar surface with a cadence of 12 h. About half of the active regions in the sample developed sunspots with moat flows in addition to the surrounding inflows. We investigated the average inflow properties with respect to active region characteristics of total flux and latitude. We fit a model to these observed inflows for a quantitative analysis.Results.We find that converging flows of about 20–30 m s−1are first visible one day prior to emergence, in agreement with recent results. These converging flows are present regardless of the active region properties of latitude or flux. We confirm a recently found prograde flow of about 40 m s−1at the leading polarity during emergence. We find that the time after emergence when the latitudinal inflows increase in amplitude depends on the flux of the active region, ranging from one to four days after emergence and increasing with flux. The largest extent of the inflows is up to about 7 ± 1° away from the center of the active region within the first six days after emergence. The inflow velocities have amplitudes of about 50 m s−1.
A global view on star formation: the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey
Authors: Ortiz-León Gisela N. , Menten Karl M. , Brunthaler Andreas , Csengeri Timea , Urquhart James S. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Gong Yan , Rugel Michael R. , Dzib Sergio A. , Yang Aiyuan , Nguyen Hans , Cotton William D. , Medina Sac Nicté X. , Dokara Rohit , König Carsten , Beuther Henrik , Pandian Jagadheep D. , Reich Wolfgang , Roy Nirupam 
Published: June 2021

The Cygnus X complex is covered by the Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey, an unbiased radio-wavelength Galactic plane survey, in 4–8 GHz continuum radiation and several spectral lines. The GLOSTAR survey observed the 6.7 GHz transition of methanol (CH3OH), an exclusive tracer of high-mass young stellar objects. Using the Very Large Array in both the B and D configurations, we observed an area in Cygnus X of 7° × 3° in size and simultaneously covered the methanol line and the continuum, allowing cross-registration. We detected thirteen sources with Class II methanol maser emission and one source with methanol absorption. Two methanol maser sources are newly detected; in addition, we found four new velocity components associated with known masers. Five masers are concentrated in the DR21 ridge and W75N. We determined the characteristics of the detected masers and investigated the association with infrared, (sub)millimeter, and radio continuum emission. All maser sources are associated with (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission, which is consistent with the picture of masers tracing regions in an active stage of star formation. On the other hand, only five masers (38 ± 17%) have radio continuum counterparts seen with GLOSTAR within ~1″, testifying to their youth. Comparing the distributions of the bolometric luminosity and the luminosity-to-mass ratio of cores that host 6.7 GHz methanol masers with those of the full core population, we identified lower limits LBol ~ 200 L⊙ and LBol/Mcore ~ 1 L⊙M⊙−1 for a dust source to host maser emission.
Innovationsmanagement diagnostischer Geräte am Beispiel der Detektion zirkulierender Tumorzellen
Authors: Fleßa Steffen , Aichinger Heike , Bratan Tanja 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungZielsetzung Diagnostik ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für die effektive und effiziente Behandlung komplexer Krankheiten. Dementsprechend ist die Entwicklung innovativer Diagnostiktechnik von der Entwicklung des Verfahrens bis zur Einführung in die Versorgung von großer Bedeutung für die Weiterentwicklung der Medizin. Allerdings wird der komplexe Prozess häufig nicht ganzheitlich gesehen, sodass insbesondere technische und ökonomische Aspekte getrennt betrachtet werden. In dieser Arbeit entwickeln wir ein Modell des Innovationsmanagements von Diagnostiktechnologie mit dem Ziel, den Innovationsprozess im Sinne einer integrativen Entwicklung zu verbessern.Methodik Der Prozess des Innovationsmanagements von Diagnostiktechnologie von der Produktidee bis zur Marktreife wird als Modell entwickelt, wobei die einzelnen Barrieren und Einflussfaktoren herausgearbeitet werden. Die Erkenntnisse werden anschließend am Beispiel eines Gerätes zur Detektion von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen diskutiert.Ergebnisse Der Innovationsprozess durchläuft verschiedene Phasen: von der Produktidee, der Entwicklung, der Zulassung, der Entgeltung bis zur Markteinführung. Bislang werden die ersten 3 Phasen überwiegend als technisches Problem angesehen, während die letzten beiden Phasen der Ökonomie vorbehalten sind. Ein effizientes Innovationsmanagement erfordert hingegen den Einsatz betriebswirtschaftlicher und gesundheitsökonomischer Elemente von Anfang an im Sinne einer integrativen Entwicklung.Schlussfolgerung Es stehen erprobte Instrumente des Innovationsmanagements und der gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluation zur Verfügung, die den Prozess von der Produktidee bis zur Markteinführung effizient und effektiv gestalten lassen. Eine entsprechende Listung der Instrumente ist hilfreich als Anregung für ein professionelles Innovationsmanagement diagnostischer Geräte.
„Flirten, Daten, Fighten, Feiern“ – ein sexual- und medienpädagogischer Blick auf die TV-Dating-Formate „Der Bachelor“, „Die Bachelorette“ und „Prince Charming“
Authors: Hamm Marianne 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Praxisbeitrag beschäftigt sich mit den deutschsprachigen TV-Dating-Formaten „Der Bachelor“ (RTL), „Die Bachelorette“ (RTL) und „Prince Charming“ (TV NOW/Vox). Bei ihrer Erstausstrahlung im Jahr 2003 löste die Dating-Show „Der Bachelor“ wegen ihrer Frauenfeindlichkeit einen Skandal aus. Mehr als 18 Jahre später existiert das Format immer noch. Und sein neues schwules Pendant, „Prince Charming“, wurde 2020 mit dem Grimme-Preis ausgezeichnet. Was steckt dahinter? Untersucht werden der Aufbau der Formate sowie deren Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Themen Sexualität, Beziehung, Liebe und Dating. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Blick auf die Rezeption und mögliche Lesarten der Formate und zieht Schlussfolgerungen für die sexual- und medienpädagogische Praxis.
Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism Who Prematurely Discontinued Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Mora Damián , Nieto José A. , Mateo Jorge , Bikdeli Behnood , Barco Stefano , Trujillo-Santos Javier , Soler Silvia , Font Llorenç , Bosevski Marijan , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) who prematurely discontinue anticoagulant therapy (<90 days) are at an increased risk for death or recurrences.
Methods We used the data from the RIETE (Registro Informatizado de Pacientes con Enfermedad TromboEmbólica) registry to compare the prognostic ability of five machine-learning (ML) models and logistic regression to identify patients at increased risk for the composite of fatal PE or recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) 30 days after discontinuation. ML models included decision tree, k-nearest neighbors algorithm, support vector machine, Ensemble, and neural network [NN]. A “full” model with 70 variables and a “reduced” model with 23 were analyzed. Model performance was assessed by confusion matrix metrics on the testing data for each model and a calibration plot.
Results Among 34,447 patients with PE, 1,348 (3.9%) discontinued therapy prematurely. Fifty-one (3.8%) developed fatal PE or sudden death and 24 (1.8%) had nonfatal VTE recurrences within 30 days after discontinuation. ML-NN was the best method for identification of patients experiencing the composite endpoint, predicting the composite outcome with an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.98), using either 70 or 23 variables captured before discontinuation. Similar numbers were obtained for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. The discrimination of logistic regression was inferior (area under ROC curve, 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70–0.81]). Calibration plots showed similar deviations from the perfect line for ML-NN and logistic regression.
Conclusion The ML-NN method very well predicted the composite outcome after premature discontinuation of anticoagulation and outperformed traditional logistic regression.
Comparison of Intermittent versus Continuous Superior Venal Caval Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Early Goal Directed Therapy in Septic Shock: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sankar Jhuma Mondal , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Kumar Udhaya Vijaya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly goal directed therapy (EGDT) is a bundle of care (monitoring ScvO2 and lactate along with clinical parameters and instituting therapy) that has shown to improve outcomes in patients with septic shock. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies to compare intermittent versus continuous monitoring of ScvO2. We did major database searches till August 2020. Hospitalized children (>2 months age) and adults with septic shock were included. The intervention was “intermittent ScvO2 monitoring,” and the comparator was “continuous ScvO2 monitoring.” The primary outcome is “all-cause mortality.” Of 564 citations, 3 studies (n = 541) including both children and adults were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the “overall/all-cause mortality” (two randomized controlled trials; 258 participants) between the “intermittent” and “continuous” ScvO2 monitoring groups (relative risk [RR]: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8–1.24). However, a single observational study (283 participants) showed a significant increase in mortality in the intermittent group (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.03–2.05). The GRADE evidence generated for “overall/all-cause mortality” was of “moderate certainty.” To conclude, the present meta-analysis did not find any significant difference between “intermittent” and “continuous” ScvO2 monitoring in patients with septic shock.
Implant Survival and Clinical Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Gemayel Anthony , Whitlock Patrick , Sorger Joel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) in pediatric patients is controversial with concern for high failure rates, and lack of promising outcomes as compared with the adult population. Increased survivorship of implants invites the potential for improved function and quality of life in young adults. Although THA is now an option for end-stage symptomatic hip disease in young patients, outcomes with contemporary techniques and implants have yet to be reported.Following the institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart review of 25 patients (29 hips) with end-stage hip disease at a single institution from 2010 to 2017 was performed. All patients underwent THA with noncemented, contemporary THA with highly cross-linked polyethene liners. Clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes were obtained including any postoperative complications, revisions, evidence of loosening or wear, and lastly, Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Harris Hip Scores, Non-Arthritic Hip scores, and International Hip Outcome Tool. With a minimum follow-up duration of 2 years, there were no revisions or evidence of loosening or wear on follow-up radiographs. All patients underwent noncemented THA with metal or ceramic on highly cross-linked polyethylene liners. Six patients accounting for seven THAs completed patient-reported outcomes: two reporting excellent outcomes, four good outcomes, and one failed outcome. With advancing techniques and strategies, treatment options for hip pathology in the pediatric population are growing. We present favorable outcomes 2 years post-procedure, suggesting THA as a potential option for end-stage hip disease in pediatric and young adult patients.
Making autonomy an instrument: a pragmatist account of contextualized autonomy
Authors: Racine Eric , Kusch Sarah , Cascio M. Ariel , Bogossian Aline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcross societies, cultures, and political ideologies, autonomy is a deeply valued attribute for both flourishing individuals and communities. However, it is also the object of different visions, including among those considering autonomy a highly valued individual ability, and those emphasizing its relational nature but its sometimes-questionable value. A pragmatist orientation suggests that the concept of autonomy should be further specified (i.e., instrumentalized) beyond theory in terms of its real-world implications and usability for moral agents. Accordingly, this latter orientation leads us to present autonomy as an ability; and then to unpack it as a broader than usual composite ability constituted of the component-abilities of voluntariness, self-control, information, deliberation, authenticity, and enactment. Given that particular abilities of an agent can only be exercised in a given set of circumstances (i.e., within a situation), including relationships as well as other important contextual characteristics, the exercise of one’s autonomy is inherently contextual and should be understood as being transactional in nature. This programmatic paper presents a situated account of autonomy inspired by Dewey’s pragmatism and instrumentalism against the backdrop of more individual and relational accounts of autonomy. Using examples from health ethics, the paper then demonstrates how this thinking supports a strategy of synergetic enrichment of the concept of autonomy by which experiential and empirical knowledge about autonomy and the exercise of autonomy enriches our understanding of some of its component-abilities and thus promises to make agents more autonomous.