bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Long-Term Survival Among South Korean Sepsis Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study From 2011 to 2014
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Park Hye Youn , Song In-Ae 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
We investigated the prevalence of pre- and postsepsis depression and examined the association between diagnosis of pre- and postsepsis depression and 5-year all-cause mortality among survivors of sepsis.

DESIGN:
A population-based cohort study.

SETTING:
Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea.

PATIENTS:
Sepsis survivors were defined as those who were admitted with a main diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock and had survived for over 365 days.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Sepsis survivors who were diagnosed with depression before sepsis were defined as the presepsis depression group, whereas those who had no history of depression but were newly diagnosed with depression within 1 year of diagnosis of sepsis were defined as the postsepsis depression group. All other participants comprised the control group. A total of 45,826 sepsis survivors were included in the final analysis. Among the survivors, 1,105 (2.4%) were in the postsepsis depression group, whereas 9,626 (21.0%) were in the presepsis depression group. The 5-year all-cause mortality rate in the pre- and postsepsis depression group was 44.1% and 46.2%, whereas that in the control group was 30.4%. Multivariable Cox regression modeling revealed that the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality rate in the postsepsis depression group was 1.29-fold (hazard ratio = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.18–1.41; p < 0.001) higher than that of the control group, whereas the presepsis depression group was not significantly associated with 5-year all-cause mortality (p = 0.509).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among sepsis survivors in South Korea, 2.4%% were newly diagnosed with depression within 1 year after their sepsis diagnosis. In addition, postsepsis depression was independently associated with higher 5-year all-cause mortality among sepsis survivors. Our results suggest that patients with a history of sepsis and associated depression may be a high-risk group that interventions may be directed toward.
Predictors of the age at which natural menopause occurs in women with type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study
Authors: Yi Yan , El Khoudary Samar R. , Buchanich Jeanine M. , Miller Rachel G. , Rubinstein Debra , Orchard Trevor J. , Costacou Tina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are thought to experience menopause earlier than women without diabetes, although not all studies agree. We assessed metabolic predictors of the age at which natural menopause occurs among women with T1D participating in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study.

Methods:
Women with childhood-onset (<17 y) of T1D who underwent natural menopause without use of hormone therapy during their menopausal transition were included in the analysis (n = 105; mean baseline age, 29.5 and diabetes duration, 20.2 y). Self-reported reproductive history and the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation hormonal algorithms were used to determine menopause status. Linear regression was used to ascertain whether time-weighted metabolic factors (eg, BMI, lipids, HbA1c, insulin dose, albumin excretion rate [AER]) were associated with age at natural menopause.

Results:
Univariately, only insulin dose (β = −4.87, P = 0.04) and log (AER) (β = −0.62, P = 0.02) were associated (negatively) with age at natural menopause. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, lipids, HbA1c, number of pregnancies, and oral contraceptive use, each 0.1 unit increase in the daily dose of insulin per kilogram body weight was associated with 0.64 years younger age at natural menopause (P = 0.01), while for every 30% increase in AER, age at natural menopause decreased by 0.18 years (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Higher average levels of insulin dose and AER over time were significantly associated with a younger age at which natural menopause occurred among women with T1D. The biologic mechanisms underlying the observed associations between exogenous insulin dose and AER on reproductive health should be investigated among women with T1D.
Stages of menopause and abnormal lung function: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged women
Authors: Hong Yun Soo , Park Hye Yun , Chang Yoosoo , Jang Eun Hee , Zhao Di , Kim Seolhye , Guallar Eliseo , Kim Hoon , Cho Juhee , Ryu Seungho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Whether hormonal changes during menopausal transition postmenopause stages influence pulmonary function is not clearly understood. We evaluated the association between each stage of menopause and the prevalence of abnormal lung function in healthy middle-aged women. We hypothesized that the prevalence of abnormal lung function would increase from the late menopausal transition stage during menopausal transition postmenopause stages.

Methods:
The study population included women 40 to 65 years of age who underwent comprehensive health screening examination at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers from January 2015 to December 2017. Stages of menopause (premenopausal, early menopausal transition, late menopausal transition, and postmenopausal) were defined using the 2011 Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW + 10) criteria. Abnormal lung function was defined based on spirometry as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity less than70% or forced vital capacity less than 80% predicted. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for abnormal lung function by stages of menopause were estimated from logistic regression models adjusted for age, anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors, medical history, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers, and reproductive factors.

Results:
Among 43,822 participants, there were 4,615 participants (10.5%) with restrictive ventilatory disorder and 653 participants (1.5%) with obstructive ventilatory disorder. The fully adjusted PRs (95% confidence interval) for abnormal ventilatory disorder comparing early menopausal transition, late menopausal transition, and postmenopausal stage to premenopausal stage were 1.01 (0.94-1.08), 1.13 (1.03-1.22), and 1.10 (0.98-1.22), respectively. The fully adjusted PRs for restrictive ventilatory disorder comparing early menopausal transition, late menopausal transition, and postmenopausal stages to premenopausal stage were 1.02 (0.94-1.11), 1.18 (1.06-1.30), and 1.15 (1.00-1.31), respectively. There was, however, no clear association between stages of menopause and obstructive ventilatory disorder.

Conclusions:
In this large study of middle-aged women, the fully adjusted prevalence of abnormal lung function, particularly that of restrictive ventilatory disorder, was higher in women in late menopausal transition and menopausal stages compared to women in premenopausal stage.
Restoring Facial Contour and Harmony Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics
Authors: Moreira Filho Oromar , Wykrota Francisco H.L. , Lobo Sonja Ellen 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The restoration of facial contour is one of the pillars for the treatment of facial disharmonies and deformities. Fat transplantation and fillers have been widely used to improve the positioning of soft tissues, which are, however, directly related to the conditions and positioning of the underlying bone tissue. Recontouring of the latter has been performed using osteotomies and several types of bone grafts or biomaterials, as inlay or onlay grafts/implants. Here, biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics were applied in a series of cases, their long-term results are shown, and their advantages, discussed.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 20 patients, who were subjected to facial recontour with onlay implants of biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics, is reported. Patients were seeking to improve facial harmony due to congenital deformities, trauma, tumor resection or signs of aging, and were followed for up to 16 years. Clinical data, radiographic images, and information regarding pain and other findings were retrieved from medical records.

Results:
Six patients were men and 14 were women. Their ages ranged from 19 to 64 years. Bioceramics were implanted under the periosteum through external or intraoral incisions. Some patients underwent combined procedures, such as rhinoplasties or facial lifting. None of the patients presented exacerbated inflammation or pain. One of them had infection in the intraoral incision, which was resolved with medication.

Conclusion:
All patients had improved facial contours following the use of bio-ceramics to augment bone tissue and presented stable results at long-term evaluation.
Targeted Peripheral Nerve Interface: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Liu Yusha , Kao Dennis S. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Nerve transection injuries can result in painful neuromas that adversely affect patient recovery. This is especially significant following amputation surgeries in the setting of prosthetic wear and function. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation and Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) are 2 modern surgical techniques that provide neuromuscular targets for these transected nerve endings to reinnervate. These strategies have been previously shown to reduce phantom limb pain, residual limb pain, and neuroma-related pain.
1,2,7,11
Two recent articles described technical adaptations of combining targeted muscle reinnervation and RPNI to create a hybrid procedure.
3,12
In this article, we propose a different modification of targeted muscle reinnervation and RPNI, where the transected nerve stump is coapted to a recipient unit consisting of an intact distal nerve branch with its associated muscle graft. We called this recipient unit a targeted peripheral nerve interface because it contains a distal nerve branch for nerve coaptation and can guide axonal regeneration from the donor nerve to its target muscle graft. We theorize that targeted peripheral nerve interface may lead to more even distribution of regenerating axons with potentially less pain and stronger signals for prosthetic control when compared with standard RPNI.
IMPACT OF RESIDUAL SUBRETINAL FLUID VOLUMES ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN A SUBRETINAL FLUID–TOLERANT TREAT-AND-EXTEND REGIMEN
Authors: Grechenig Christoph , Reiter Gregor S. , Riedl Sophie , Arnold Jennifer , Guymer Robyn , Gerendas Bianca S. , Bogunović Hrvoje , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:To investigate associations between residual subretinal fluid (rSRF) volumes, quantified using artificial intelligence and treatment outcomes in a subretinal fluid (SRF)–tolerant treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Methods:Patients enrolled in the prospective, multicenter FLUID study randomized in an SRF-tolerant T&E regimen were examined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and tested for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Intraretinal fluid and SRF volumes were quantified using artificial intelligence tools. In total, 375 visits of 98 patients were divided into subgroups: extended intervals despite rSRF and extended intervals without fluid. Associations between BCVA change, SRF volume, subgroups, and treatment intervals were estimated using linear mixed models.Results:In extended intervals despite rSRF, increased SRF was associated with reduced BCVA at the next visit in the central 1 mm (−0.138 letters per nL;P= 0.014) and 6 mm (−0.024 letters per nL;P= 0.049). A negative association between increased interval and BCVA change was found for rSRF in 1 mm and 6 mm (−0.250 and −0.233 letter per week interval, respectively; bothP< 0.001). Extended intervals despite rSRF had significantly higher SRF volumes in the central 6 mm at the following visit (P= 0.002).Conclusion:Artificial intelligence–based analysis of extended visits despite rSRF demonstrated increasing SRF volumes associated with BCVA loss at the consecutive visit. This negative association contributes to the understanding of rSRF volumes on treatment outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Radial EBUS-Guided Cryobiopsy of Peripheral Lung Lesions With Flexible Bronchoscopy Without Using Guide-Sheath
Authors: Goel Manoj K. , Kumar Ajay , Maitra Gargi , Singh Balkar , Ahlawat Sunita , Jain Priti , Garg Neeraj , Verma Radha Krishan 
Published: April 2021

Background:
A guide-sheath (GS) is conventionally used as a conduit for biopsy forceps under the guidance of radial endobronchial ultrasound (REBUS) for sampling the peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). As compared with forceps, the cryoprobe has the advantage of obtaining larger samples. There is a paucity of literature on the use of cryobiopsy for PPL. We evaluated the diagnostic yield and safety of the REBUS-guided cryobiopsy (REBUS-CB) without using GS for the diagnosis of PPL.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the database of 126 patients with PPL between November 2015 and December 2019. The REBUS-CB was performed using a flexible bronchoscopy without GS. Multidisciplinary consensus diagnostic yield was determined and procedural complications were recorded.

Results:
The histopathologic diagnosis by REBUS-CB, which is the primary objective of the study was obtained in 99 (78.6%) of total 126 cases. Yield was significantly higher in central lesions as compared to adjacent lesions visualized by the REBUS probe (81.4% versus 53.8%, P=0.021) but not significantly different between large (≥30 mm) and small (<30 mm) lesions (81.6% versus 71.8%, P=0.214). The average largest diameter of biopsy specimens was 6.9 mm (range 1-12, SD 2.132). We witnessed moderate bleeding in 7 (5.6%) and post procedure hypoxic respiratory failure in 4 (3.2%) cases which could be managed without escalation of care.

Conclusion:
The REBUS-CB from peripheral lung lesions are feasible even without using GS and significantly large samples can be obtained.
Genomic analysis of pancreatic cancer reveals 3 molecular subtypes with different clinical outcomes
Authors: Hwang Ji Woong , Jang Soo Kyung , Lee Dong Jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a very high mortality with a 5-year survival of <5%. The purpose of this study was to classify specific molecular subtypes associated with prognosis of pancreatic cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multiplatform genomic data.
Multiplatform genomic data (N = 178), including gene expression, copy number alteration, and somatic mutation data, were obtained from cancer browser (https://genome-cancer.ucsc.edu, cohort: TCGA Pancreatic Cancer). Clinical data including survival results were analyzed. We also used validation cohort (GSE50827) to confirm the robustness of these molecular subtypes in pancreatic cancer.
When we performed unsupervised clustering using TCGA gene expression data, we found three distinct molecular subtypes associated with different survival results. Copy number alteration and somatic mutation data showed different genomic patterns for these three subtypes. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that each subtype showed differentially altered pathways. Using each subtype-specific genes (200 were selected), we could predict molecular subtype in another cohort, confirming the robustness of these molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Cox regression analysis revealed that molecular subtype is the only significant prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer (P = .042, 95% confidence interval 0.523–0.98).
Genomic analysis of pancreatic cancer revealed 3 distinct molecular subtypes associated with different survival results. Using these subtype-specific genes and prediction model, we could predict molecular subtype associated with prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
A giant Brunner gland hamartoma successfully treated by endoscopic excision followed by transanal retrieval
Authors: Maruo Motonobu , Tahara Tomomitsu , Inoue Fumihiro , Kasai Takeshi , Saito Natsuko , Aoi Kazunori , Takeo Masahiro , Sumimoto Kimi , Yamashina Masao , Murata Miki , Koyabu Masanori , Wakamatsu Takahiro , Yamashiki Noriyo , Nishio Akiyoshi , Okazaki Kazuichi , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Brunner gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare tumor of the duodenum. Although BGH is a benign tumor, larger lesion with gastrointestinal symptoms requires tumor removal. We report a giant BGH, successfully treated by endoscopic excision followed by transanal retrieval.

Patient concerns:
A 38-year-old woman complained of severe anemia, tarry stool, and vomiting.

Diagnoses:
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a pedunculated giant submucosal mass at the duodenal bulb.

Interventions:
We attempted to remove it because the lesion seemed to be responsible for patient's anemia and vomiting. The lesion had clear but bulky stalk. We carefully cut the stalk using needle-knife and IT knife2. We tried to retrieve specimen, but the mass could not pass through the pyloric ring because of its size. Then we tried to obtain the specimen from anus. Polyethylene glycol solution was administered to accelerate rapid excretion.

Outcomes:
The mass was successfully removed and was histologically confirmed as a giant BGH, measuring 55 mm in size.

Lessons:
Reports about endoscopic resection of giant BGH are rare. Moreover, our case is the first report of transanal retrieval of resected specimen using polyethylene glycol solution. Endoscopic resection of BGH is less-invasive but can be more challenging if the mass is large. Our case provides useful option for endoscopic treatment of giant BGH.
Effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of morphine dependence
Authors: Li Xin , Song Guang-fu , Yu Jia-nan , Ai Si-hui , Ji Qing , Peng Ying , Zhu Xiao-feng , Liu Ji-guang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Morphine dependence (MD) is a very common complication because of the chronic morphine consumption. Studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used for the treatment of MD. However, there is still lacking evidence to support rTMS for MD. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rTMS for patients with MD.
In this retrosepctive study, a total of 100 patients with MD were included, and they were divided into a rTMS group (n = 50), and a control group (n = 50). All patients in both groups received occupational therapy. In addition, patients in the rTMS group received rTMS. All patients in both groups received a total of 8 weeks treatment. The outcomes comprised of morphine craving intensity, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, which were appraised by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. In addition, treatment-related adverse events were also considered for assessment.
After 8 weeks treatment, patients in the rTMS group exerted better benefits in improving VAS (P < .01), SDS (P < .01), SAS (P < .01), and PSQI (P < .01), than patients in the control group. In addition, this study did not identify treatment-related adverse events in both groups.
The findings of this study showed that rTMS treatment showed promising effectiveness on patients with MD. However, future studies should focus on warranting the present findings.
Wrist-hand extension function recovery in spastic hemiplegia patient by botulinum toxin injection plus surface electromyography biofeedback therapy
Authors: Wu Zhang-xiang , Wang Chao , Huang Zheng , Liu Xue-han , Shen Mei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Wrist-hand extension function rehabilitation is a vital and difficult part of hand function recovery in spastic stroke patients. Although botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection plus post injection therapy was applied to the wrist-hand rehabilitation in previous reports, conclusion was inconsistent in promoting function. For this phenomenon, proper selection of patients for BoNTA injection and correct choice of post-injection intervention could be the crucial factors for the function recovery.

Patient concerns:
We reported a 46-year-old male suffered a spastic hemiplegia with wrist- hand extension deficit.

Diagnoses:
Computed tomography showed cerebral hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia region.

Interventions:
Four hundred units of BoNTA were injected into the spasticity flexors, and four-week post injection surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback therapy was applied to the patient.

Outcomes:
The patient exhibited post-intervention improvement in wrist-hand extensors performance (strength, range of motion, sEMG signals), the flexors spasticity, and upper extremity function.

Lessons:
The present case showed that 4-week of BoNTA injection plus sEMG biofeedback exercise improved the performance and function of wrist-hand extensors in the patient for short- and long-term. Proper selection of patients for BoNTA injection and correct choice of post injection exercise could play a vital role in the hand rehabilitation for patient with spastic hemiplegia.
Effectiveness of thoracic kinesio taping on respiratory function and muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zeng Renfeng , Tian Ke , Xiao Zhike 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
To our knowledge, only 1 study has investigated the effects of kinesio taping (KT) on pulmonary function and functional capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence to prove the effectiveness of KT for COPD patients. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of KT on respiratory function and muscle strength in the COPD patients who were in stable condition.

Methods:
This research project has been received ethical approval from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee in Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China. This work is a part of a comprehensive research project to assess and provide intervention that potentially improves respiratory function and quality of life among patients with COPD. Participants recruited into the study need to fulfill the following criteria: clinical diagnosis of COPD and symptoms indicative of exacerbation; spontaneous breathing on hospital admission; and physiotherapy since the first day of hospitalization. Patients will be assigned at random to the COPD medical treatment + KT (Group 1), or the COPD medical treatment alone (Group 2). The outcome measures are pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. The level of statistical significance is set as P < .05.

Results:
This protocol will provide a reliable theoretical basis for the following research.

Conclusions:
It was hypothesized that thoracic KT could significantly change pulmonary function and functional capacity in patients with COPD.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6632).