bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the histopathological tumor type of newly diagnosed liver lesions from standard abdominal computer tomography with a machine-learning classifier based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sailer Maria , Schiller Florian , Falk Thorsten , Jud Andreas , Arke Lang Sven , Ruf Juri , Mix Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: Liver lesions are a relatively common incidental finding in computer tomography (CT) of the abdomen. The current gold standard is liver biopsy, which has the downside of respecting only a small part of the total lesion volume. Furthermore, this invasive method carries interventional risks like bleeding or infection. Therefore, an image-based biomarker would be highly desirable. Conventional “radiomics” methods have often been utilized for similar problems, but the results are often not reproducible. This is mainly due to sampling errors and interobserver variability, but also the seemingly complex nature of the problem. We present a new approach that implements cutting-edge research in machine learning which is nevertheless cheap and easily applicable in a routine clinical setting. To achieve this, we use convolutional neural networks (CNN) to predict the histopathological findings from liver lesions from preoperative liver CT. Methods: After splitting the study population into a training and test set we trained a CNN to predict the histopathological tumor type from CT data. Results: The developed CNN workflow is able to predict liver tumor histology from routine CT images. We also evaluated in how far transfer learning and data augmentation can help in solving this problem and implemented the developed workflow in a clinical routine setting. Conclusion: We propose a robust semiautomatic end-to-end classification workflow for the prediction of the histopathological type of tumor lesions based on abdominal CT and a deep convolutional neural network model. In our cohort, the model shows reliable and accurate results even with limited computational resources.
Metrological Support of Medical Drillings at the Lateral Skull Base
Authors: Knott Anna-Lena , Kristin Julia , Schipper Jörg , Klenzner Thomas , Prinzen Tom , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For minimally invasive drilling processes, the temperature development in the drilling ground is of crucial importance for patient safety. To monitor the temperature during drilling, a drill prototype was developed by BREDEMANN ET AL. which can record the drill temperature in parallel to the process and in real time. The measurement principle of the thermistor (temperature sensor) integrated in the drill could be validated. [1] The prototype must be refined for use in the operating room, as the drill does not yet meet all the medical requirements that need to be fulfilled. In further development, the recorded temperature data in particular must be processed and communicated to the surgeon in order to provide added value for the surgical procedure.
Extrapolation to product Herz spaces and some applications
Authors: Wei Mingquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper extends the extrapolation theory to product Herz spaces. To prove the main result, we first investigate the dual space of the product Herz space, and then show the boundedness of the strong maximal operator on product Herz spaces. By using this extrapolation
theory, we establish the John–Nirenberg inequality, the characterization of little bmo, the Fefferman–Stein vector-valued inequality, the boundedness of the bi-parameter singular integral operator, the strong fractional maximal operator, and the bi-parameter fractional integral operator on product Herz spaces. We also give a new characterization of little bmo via the boundedness of the commutators of some bi-parameter operators on product Herz spaces.
Even in the one-parameter setting, some of our results are new.
Age of the lower Cambrian Vanadium deposit, East Guizhou, South China: Evidences from age of tuff and carbon isotope analysis along the Bagong section
Authors: Wu Tong , Yang Ruidong , Gao Junbo , Li Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The early Cambrian is a critical interval of dramatic oceanic and biochemical changes in geological history. The black shale deposits, which are rich in Mo, Ni, V, and platinum group elements (PGE), are a reflection of that interval. Among all known Cambrian black shale deposits in South China, the vanadium deposits are poorly constrained by geochronology. The newly discovered tuff layer in the Sansui Bagong vanadium deposit in Guizhou Province can provide excellent constraints on the age of vanadium deposits. In this study, we obtain a new zircon U–Pb isotopic age, which can constrain the age of the vanadium deposit. This tuff occurs in the middle part of the ore bed, and the age of the tuff layer can reflect the mineralization age of the V deposit. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used in this study to obtain the zircon U–Pb age of the tuff and indicates that the event of volcanic activity took place at 520.9 ± 1 Ma. This age is close to the boundary between the Cambrian Terreneuvian and Series 2. This result provides a good constraint on the age of the vanadium deposits in South China and makes the vanadium deposits to be comparable with other Mo–Ni–PGE deposits. The alteration of organic carbon isotope (δ
13Corg) values can reflect changes in the marine environment and is widely used in stratigraphic correlation. The analysis of the δ
13Corg values of the ore bed in the present study reveals a positive excursion at the bottom of the deposit and a negative excursion in the V-enriched layer. The δ
13Corg values in the Bagong section are comparable to those in the Xiaotan and Longbizui sections. The ages of the Sansui vanadium deposit constrained by the U–Pb isotopic age of the tuff and the δ
13Corg values are consistent. All of the data lead us to infer that the vanadium deposit formed at approximately 521 Ma.
Effect of myeloperoxidase oxidation and N-homocysteinylation of high-density lipoprotein on endothelial repair function
Authors: Kameda Takahiro , Horiuchi Yuna , Shimano Shitsuko , Yano Kouji , Lai Shao-Jui , Ichimura Naoya , Tohda Shuji , Kurihara Yuriko , Tozuka Minoru , Ohkawa Ryunosuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) migration is essential for healing vascular injuries. Previous studies suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of HDL, have endothelial healing functions. In cardiovascular disease, HDL is modified by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-homocysteine, resulting in apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimer and N-homocysteinylated (N-Hcy) apoA-I formation. This study investigated whether these modifications attenuate HDL-mediated endothelial healing. Wound healing assays were performed to analyze the effect of MPO-oxidized HDL and N-Hcy HDL in vitro. HDL obtained from patients with varying troponin I levels were also examined. MPO-oxidized HDL reduces EC migration compared to normal HDL in vitro, and N-Hcy HDL showed a decreasing trend toward EC migration. EC migration after treatment with HDL from patients was decreased compared to HDL isolated from healthy controls. Increased apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimer and N-Hcy apoA-I levels were also detected in HDL from patients. Wound healing cell migration was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimer to total apoA-II and N-Hcy apoA-I to total apoA-I. MPO-oxidized HDL containing apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimers had a weaker endothelial healing function than did normal HDL. These results indicate that MPO-oxidized HDL and N-Hcy HDL play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Adaptive ADI difference solution of quenching problems based on the 3D convection–reaction–diffusion equation
Authors: Zhu Xiaoliang , Ge Yongbin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The 3D quenching problem reflecting solid-burn scene based on convection–reaction–diffusion equation is creatively concerned in this work. The spatial derivatives of original equation are discretized by Taylor series and the temporal derivatives are approximated by the Crank–Nicolson (CN) method. After the discrete schemes are arranged, an alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme on adaptive grid is constructed to interpret quenching phenomena of the three-dimension (3D) equation with singularity source. Quenching time, quenching domain, and characteristics relative to temperature as well as variation of temperature over time are achieved via scientific experiment and analysis. Comparing with the 1D or 2D problem, it is harder for the 3D problem to produce quenching phenomena. Regardless of different convection functions, it can form quenching behaviors through experiments when only the elements which include degeneracy parameter, convection parameters, and domain sizes are configured properly. We hope all this can offer references for the 3D engineering problem. At the same time, it will offer support to research the relationship between quenching phenomena and degeneracy parameter, convection parameters, and domain sizes in the future, respectively.
The discussion of risk in German surgical clinical practice guidelines: a qualitative review
Authors: McLennan Stuart , Jansen Carolin , Buyx Alena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have a potentially important role regarding the assessment and communication of the risks of perioperative complications. This study aimed to (1) examine the content of German surgical CPGs in relation to surgical risks and (2) provide baseline results for future research in order to assess the development of surgical CPGs in Germany in relation to this issue.

Methods
In November 2015, all German surgical CPGs that provide guidance regarding illnesses that can be treated with a surgical procedure were collected from the websites of the German umbrella organisation of medical professional associations and the German Association for Cardiology.

Results
Data collection retrieved 230 CPGs of which 214 were included in the final analysis. The analysis identified four different groups: 1) 5% (10/214) of guidelines did not discuss “risks” or “complications” at all; 2) 21% (44/214) of guidelines discussed general risks that are not related to surgical complications; 3) 35% (76/214) of guidelines discussed surgical complications and often discussed their likelihood in terms of “high risk” or “low risk”, but did not provide numeric estimates and 4) 39% (84/214) of guidelines discussed specific surgical risks and also provided numerical risk estimates. Guidelines with higher methodological quality more frequently included numerical risk estimates.

Conclusions
It is positive that the vast majority of German surgical CPGs address the issue of risks. However, it would be helpful if more German surgical CPGs provide explicit and evidence-based estimates and recommendations relating to the surgical risk to support surgeons in providing high-quality care and to meet their ethical obligations to patients.
Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels of urologic patients
Authors: Del Zingaro Michele , Cochetti Giovanni , Maiolino Giuseppe , Stivalini Davide , Manfredini Giulia , Tancredi Angelica , Felici Graziano , Ciarletti Sara , Gaudio Gianluca , Rossi de Vermandois Jacopo Adolfo , Mearini Ettore 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Several studies have shown the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress of different populations, but none of them analyzed urological patients who underwent elective surgery.

Methods
We enrolled prospectively patients who underwent elective surgery between March and October 2020. A survey on COVID-19 and the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PPS-4) questionnaire were administered at hospital admission. Demographic and medical history data were also collected. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of higher PSS-4 values (≥7).

Results
A total of 200 patients were enrolled. Mean PSS-4 value resulted 6.04. Patients with PSS-4 value ≥7 resulted 43.5% (87/200). In multivariate analysis, PSS-4 value ≥7 was independently associated (p < 0.05) with female gender (OR 6.42), oncological disease (OR 2.87), high (>5 in a range between 0 and 10) fear of intrahospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.75), history of bladder instillation (OR 0.26), and current smokers (OR 0.27)

Conclusion
High PSS-4 values at hospital admission in urologic surgical patients are positively correlated with female gender, fear of intrahospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and oncological disease. PSS-4 questionnaire could be useful to select patients for whom a preadmission counselling is necessary to improve the management of their high stress level.
miR-496 inhibits proliferation via LYN and AKT pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Su Rui , Zhao Enhong , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) operate as tumor suppressor or carcinogen to regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic process. In the present research, we investigated the effect and mechanism of miR-496 in human gastric cancer cells. miR-496 was downregulated in two gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, compared with normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. miR-496 mimics inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells after the transfection for 48 and 72 h. The migration and invasion of AGS cells were also inhibited by the transfection of miR-496 mimics. miR-496 mimics induced the apoptosis through upregulating the levels of Bax and Active Caspase 3 and downregulating the levels of Bcl-2 and Total Caspase 3. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a binding site between miR-496 and Lyn kinase (LYN). miR-496 mimics could inhibit the expression of LYN in AGS cells. LYN overexpression blocked the inhibition of tumor cell growth, as well as the inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway induced by miR-496. In conclusion, miR-496 inhibited the proliferation through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via targeting LYN in gastric cancer cells. Our research provides a new potential target for clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment for gastric cancer.
Association of gene polymorphisms with women urinary incontinence
Authors: Aniulis Povilas , Podlipskyte Aurelija , Smalinskiene Alina , Aniuliene Rosita , Jievaltas Mindaugas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim of study was set to investigate the association of women urinary incontinence (UI) with serotonin receptor HTR2A T102C and beta 3-adrenergic receptor ADRB3 Trp64Arg genes polymorphisms. The study included 110 women with Urge, Stress, and Mixed UI types and the control group – 105 continent women. Both groups have filled in the ICIQ-FLUTS questionnaire and their blood genotyping was performed. Urge UI subgroup was older and had higher body mass index (BMI) in comparison to other UI types and control group. More than half of all women had family history of UI in Stress UI and Mixed UI subgroups. The frequency of HTR2A T102C gene polymorphism’s minor allele C and genotype CC was significantly more expressed in Urge UI subgroup, as compared with control group (C-77.3 vs 58.7%, p = 0.007 and CC-57.6 vs 31.1%, p = 0.015). The ADRB3 Trp64Arg gene polymorphism did not differ between groups. The regression analysis revealed CC genotype (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.11–8.43; p = 0.030) and allele C (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.16–5.53; p = 0.020) were risk factors for development of Urge UI. We conclude that HTR2A T102C gene polymorphism affected the development of Urge UI.
Spin Hall effect of light based on a surface plasmonic platform
Authors: Yu Xiantong , Wang Xin , Li Zhao , Zhao Litao , Zhou Feifan , Qu Junle , Song Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the spin Hall effect of light (SHE), also called the photonic spin Hall effect has received extensive research attention, and a series of interesting results have been achieved. This phenomenon has potential applications in nanooptics, quantum information, and optoelectronic devices. In contrast to the pure photon SHE, the photonic spin Hall effect in the surface plasmonic platform exhibits unique properties due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of noble metal material and establishes the connection between photons and electrons. Therefore, the SHE of light in a surface plasmonic platform is expected to be applied to integrated optical devices to create a novel means of developing communication devices. In this paper, we review the progress on the SHE of light based on the plasmonic platform in recent years, and we discuss the future directions of research and prospects for its applications.
Rod–sphere cluster irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses: cut and paste at the nanoscale
Authors: Díaz-Núñez Pablo , Thomä Sabrina L. J. , González-Rubio Guillermo , Borrell-Grueiro Olivia , Höller Roland P. M. , Chanana Munish , Garoz David , Bañares Luis , Junquera Elena , Guerrero-Martínez Andrés , Rivera Antonio , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on the irradiation of gold rod–sphere assemblies with ultrashort laser pulses, producing structures that are very difficult to obtain by other methods. The optical response of these assemblies displays several peaks arising from the interaction of the plasmon modes of the individual particles, offering thus great flexibility to control the energy deposited on the individual particles. Judicious selection of the wavelength and fluence of the laser pulses allow fine control over the changes produced: the particles can be melted, welded and/or the organic links cleaved. In this way, it is possible to generate structures “à la carte” with a degree of control unmatched by other synthetic protocols. The method is exemplified with gold nanoparticles, but it can be easily implemented on particles composed of different metals, widening considerably the range of possibilities. The final structures are excellent candidates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies or plasmonic photothermal therapy as they have a very intense electric field located outside the structure, not in the gaps.
Palabras iniciales a la revista Interacción Sino-
Iberoamericana
Authors: Shicheng Xu 
Published: August 2021

Resumen
En este artículo se echa una mirada retrospectiva así como prospectiva sobre el desarrollo de las relaciones sino-iberoamericanas. Principalmente se hace un repaso cronolígico de las interacciones entre ambas partes, en el área econímica, diplomática y política, partiendo de la segunda década del siglo XVI para terminar al final de la segunda década del siglo XXI. Se trata de una trayectoria de exactamente 500 años, a lo largo de la cual los latinoamericanos, los españoles y los culíes chinos crearon la rica Ruta Marítima de la Seda que conecta China-América-Europa. Y, en la que durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y hasta hoy día, gracias al establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre la RPCh y la mayor parte de los países de ALC, se vienen registrando volúmenes sin precedentes de intercambios de diverso tipo. Esta destacada tendencia ha hecho que, a pesar de que en el año 2020 el COVID-19 sometiera a la humanidad a una crisis que obstaculizó las interacciones internacionales en muchos sentidos, el pueblo chino y las naciones de ALC continuaran fortaleciendo la cooperación y el diálogo en una conciencia y eficacia cada vez mayores, lo cual, sin duda augura las mejores perspectivas para las interacciones entre China y ALC.
Las oportunidades de América Latina en su relación con China en el siglo XXI
Authors: Villasenin Lucas 
Published: August 2021

Resumen
El siguiente artículo hace referencia a la relación de América Latina con China en lo que va del siglo XXI. Ambas economías multiplicaron sus intercambios comerciales y desde China se llevaron adelante sucesivas inversiones y préstamos. Esta relación fue construida en base a las características de las estructuras económicas preexistentes en América Latina y al crecimiento extraordinario de la economía China. Buscamos analizar los diálogos que se intentaron construir entre ambas partes desde el Foro China-CELAC y analizar las expectativas vigentes sobre esta relación. Es importante también contribuir a pensar cómo es posible mejorar esta relación para que aporte a cumplir los objetivos del desarrollo de América Latina y la aspiración china de construir una sociedad modestamente acomodada.
Chile y China: una mirada retrospectiva a 50 años de relaciones diplomáticas y de amistad
Authors: Ahumada Figueroa Mónica 
Published: August 2021

Resumen
Las relaciones diplomáticas entre Chile y China, han cumplido cinco décadas y estas se caracterizan por los fuertes lazos construidos en forma bilateral, como también con otros países de América Latina y el Caribe. El presente artículo busca indagar sobre esta trayectoria desde los contactos de los años 50 con José Venturelli, un pionero, junto a otros viajeros en el marco de una diplomacia cultural que facilitó la firma de relaciones diplomáticas en 1970. Sin embargo, la reunión APEC celebrada en Santiago de Chile en el 2004 fue el punto de inflexión con la visita del presidente Hu Jintao impulsándose una estrategia comercial. Así se pasó desde los vínculos políticos y culturales, a una relación marcada por acuerdos económicos y la firma de un Tratado de Libre Comercio. Este nuevo escenario facilitó un estilo de cooperación abierta hacia el ámbito tecnológico y científico, pero también hacia un fortalecimiento de los acuerdos ya firmados. Esto nos permite hacer hoy un análisis desde las variables políticas, económicas, culturales y científicas buscando responder a la pregunta sobre los aspectos que han sido beneficiosos como también los puntos más débiles al querer ambos estados proyectarse dentro del sistema internacional.
Governance vulnerabler strategischer Wertschöpfungsketten im Zeichen der Deglobalisierung
Authors: Blum Ulrich , Labucay Inéz 
Published: August 2021

KurzfassungFragmentierte Wertschöpfungsketten haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten die globale Wohlstandsverteilung bestimmt, zugleich aber Unternehmen und Volkswirtschaften aufgrund ihrer Vernetztheit gerade im Kern ihrer industriellen Basis einer hohen strategischen Vulnerabilität ausgesetzt. Ein Beispiel sind Seltene Erden, die für eine Vielzahl an Hightech- und Greentech-Produkten (Elektromobilität, Windräder), aber auch für traditionelle Industrien wie Automobil- und Elektroindustrie (Halbleiter) und für den Verteidigungssektor (Präzisionslenkwaffen) funktionskritisch sind. Vulnerabilität ist hier deshalb hoch, da kaum Substitutionsmöglichkeiten bestehen und Recycling noch am Anfang steht. Rohstoffe und Technologien sind somit ins Zentrum strategischer Industrie- und Handelspolitik gerückt und das Gestalten und nach Möglichkeit das Dominieren globaler Wertschöpfungsketten gewinnen an Bedeutung. Der Zugang zu Wertschöpfungsketten wird zum Kristallisationspunkt wirtschafts- und sicherheitspolitischer Strategien. Der Beitrag analysiert die strategische Vulnerabilität unterschiedlicher Markt-Wettbewerbskonstellationen und prüft Abwehr- und Gestaltungsmaßnahmen für eineGovernancevon Vulnerabilität. Anhand von Hochleistungsmagneten und dem zugrundeliegenden Materialstrom der Seltenen Erden werden konkrete Rohstoffstrategien exemplarisch aufgezeigt und die zunehmend geforderte Rohstoff- und Technologiesouveränität kritisch diskutiert, was angesichts der wirtschafts- und sicherheitspolitischen Dimension Seltener Erden und regulativem Druck zur Umsetzung von Lieferketten-Compliance und Circular Economy dringlich erscheint.