bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropearls and other intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate: an unsuspected biomineralization capacity shared by diverse microorganisms
Authors: Segovia‐Campos Inés , Martignier Agathe , Filella Montserrat , Jaquet Jean‐Michel , Ariztegui Daniel 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAn unsuspected biomineralization process, which produces intracellular inclusions of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), was recently discovered in unicellular eukaryotes. These mineral inclusions, calledmicropearls, can be highly enriched with other alkaline‐earth metals (AEM) such as Sr and Ba. Similar intracellular inclusions of ACC have also been observed in prokaryotic organisms. These comparable biomineralization processes involving phylogenetically distant microorganisms are not entirely understood yet. This review gives a broad vision of the topic in order to establish a basis for discussion on the possible molecular processes behind the formation of the inclusions, their physiological role, the impact of these microorganisms on the geochemical cycles of AEM and their evolutionary relationship. Finally, some insights are provided to guide future research.
Robotic‐assisted surgery for rectal cancer with situs inversus totalis: A case report
Authors: Kasai Shunsuke , Hino Hitoshi , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Manabe Shoichi , Yamaoka Yusuke , Kato Shunichiro , Hanaoka Marie , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a very rare case of rectal cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis (SIT), which is a complete transposition of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. A woman in her 60s visited a local hospital reporting bloody stool and was diagnosed with upper rectal cancer and SIT. We made careful preoperative preparations for the congenital anomaly, and robotic‐assisted high anterior resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed. Although we adopted an unusual six‐port placement, the operation was performed safely and efficiently without any adverse events. The patient recovered uneventfully. The pathological specimen was classified as pT3N2bM0 with negative resection margins. Robotic‐assisted surgery is advantageous for rectal cancer treatment even when anatomical abnormalities make the surgical procedure more difficult.
Quantification of accuracy in field‐based land cover maps: A new method to separate different components
Authors: Haga Hannah E. E. S. , Nilsen Anne B. , Ullerud Heidrun A. , Bryn Anders 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimMany thematic land cover maps, such as maps of vegetation types, are based on field inventories. Studies show inconsistencies among field workers in such maps, explained by inter‐observer variation in classification and/or spatial delineation of polygons. In this study, we have tested a new method to assess the accuracy of these two components independently.LocationFour study sites dominated by different ecosystems in southeast Norway.MethodsWe have used a vegetation‐based land cover classification system adapted to a map scale of 1:5,000. First, a consensus map, a map that can be considered an approximation of a flawless map, was established. Secondly, the consensus map was adapted to test the accuracy of classification and polygon delineation independently. We used 10 field workers to generate a consensus map, and 14 new field workers (in pairs) to test the accuracy (n = 7).ResultsThe results show that the accuracy of polygon delineation is lower than that of land cover classification. This is in contrast with previous studies, but previous research designs have not enabled a separation of the two accuracy components.ConclusionWe recommend strengthening the training and harmonization of field workers in general, and increasing the emphasis on polygon delineation.
“A healthy outside starts from the inside”: A matter of sustainable consumption behavior in Italy and Pakistan
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Sarwar Huma , Ahmed Roheel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to determine people's motives when purchasing organic food and how these motives are moderated by price sensitivity and ethical concerns in a cross‐cultural setting. A highly structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 673 Italian and 594 Pakistani consumers, using the convenience sampling technique. Based on the etic research approach, the measurement invariance tests were performed, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that environmental concerns and health‐consciousness are significant predictors of subjective norms and purchase attitudes among Italian consumers. Food safety concern proved the strongest predictor of purchase attitude and perceived behavioral control among Pakistani consumers. The results also confirm the moderating role of ethical concerns and price sensitivity in buying organic food in both cultures. In terms of originality, this study fills significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding the roles of attitude, behavioral control, and subjective norms in consumer buying motives and purchasing intentions in cross‐cultural studies but more importantly, the results validate that consumer concerns across the globe are related to the Sustainability Development Goals and the U.N. 2030 agenda, which aptly provides a blue print for the development and developmental goals and concerns across nations.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism in the immune response, autoimmunity and inflammageing
Authors: Navarro Maria N. , Gómez de las Heras Manuel M. , Mittelbrunn Maria 
Published: April 2021

Metabolism is dynamically regulated to accompany immune cell function, and altered immunometabolism can result in impaired immune responses. Concomitantly, the pharmacological manipulation of metabolic processes offers an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory disorders. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolic intermediate that serves as enzyme cofactor in redox reactions, and is also used as a co‐substrate by many enzymes such as sirtuins, adenosine diphosphate ribose transferases and synthases. Through these activities, NAD+ metabolism regulates a broad spectrum of cellular functions such as energy metabolism, DNA repair, regulation of the epigenetic landscape and inflammation. Thus, the manipulation of NAD+ availability using pharmacological compounds such as NAD+ precursors can have immune‐modulatory properties in inflammation. Here, we discuss how the NAD+ metabolism contributes to the immune response and inflammatory conditions, with a special focus on multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammageing.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc
Animation of virtual medical system under the background of virtual reality technology
Authors: Li Liang , Li Tingting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVirtual reality technology is a technology that uses a variety of scientific technologies such as computer systems, image displays, and sensors to perform human–computer interaction. Since the advent of virtual reality technology, the virtual reality + medical model has been highly expected. At present, three‐dimensional (3D) animation technology can be used in combination with virtual reality technology in medical systems. 3D animation technology can transform the transformed human medical image into a 3D character model, and animate the corresponding bones, and observe the model on the screen and operate the model like real surgery, completing virtual medical content learning, virtual medical skill training, virtual surgery preview. Applying 3D animation technology to virtual reality surgery training can effectively bypass the limitations of traditional surgery training modes, form multiple interactive real‐time effects, and bring a rich perceptual experience to the audience. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is the study of virtual medical system animation under the background of virtual reality technology. This paper analyzes the feasibility of virtual reality technology and 3D animation modeling, and designs a virtual medical system based on this. Finally, through experimental simulations, the results show that the gap h is getting larger and larger after the first approximation, and the gap between the Euler explicit method and the true value is larger, while the implicit method is more stable, and the gap does not increases too quickly with the increase of h. Hence choosing the implicit method to calculate Δt to obtain a larger value will not affect the stability of the solution.
An optimistic outlook on the use of evidence syntheses to inform environmental decision‐making
Authors: Thomas‐Walters Laura , Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Taylor Jessica J. , Rytwinski Trina , Lane John F. , Young Nathan , Bennett Joseph R. , Nguyen Vivian M. , Harron Nathan , Aitken Susan M. , Auld Graeme , Browne David , Jacob Aerin L. , Prior Kent , Smith Paul A. , Smokorowski Karen E. , Alexander Steven M. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPractitioners and policymakers working in environmental arenas make decisions that can have large impacts on ecosystems. Basing such decisions on high‐quality evidence about the effectiveness of different interventions can often maximize the success of policy and management. Accordingly, it is vital to understand how environmental professionals working at the science‐policy interface view and use different types of evidence, including evidence syntheses that collate and summarize available knowledge on a specific topic to save time for decision‐makers. We interviewed 84 senior environmental professionals in Canada working at the science‐policy interface to explore their confidence in, and use of, evidence syntheses within their organizations. Interviewees value evidence syntheses because they increase confidence in decision‐making, particularly for high‐profile or risky decisions. Despite this enthusiasm, the apparent lack of available syntheses for many environmental issues means that use can be limited and tends to be opportunistic. Our research suggests that if relevant, high quality evidence syntheses exist, they are likely to be used and embraced in decision‐making spheres. Therefore, efforts to increase capacity for conducting evidence syntheses within government agencies and/or funding such activities by external bodies have the potential to enable evidence‐based decision‐making.
Restoration of portal flow with varix in liver transplantation for patients with total portal vein thrombosis: An effective strategy in the largest center experience
Authors: Ravaioli Matteo , Prosperi Enrico , Pinna Antonio , Siniscalchi Antonio , Fallani Guido , Frascaroli Giacomo , Maroni Lorenzo , Odaldi Federica , Serenari Matteo , Cescon Matteo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative complications and worse prognosis still burden liver transplantations (LT) with complex portal vein thrombosis (CPVT). When an engorged left gastric vein (LGV) is present, the portal inflow is restorable with an anastomosis between the graft portal vein and the LGV of the recipient. We analyzed short‐ and long‐term results of this procedure in 12 LT with CPVT.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2019, 55 patients with CPVT underwent LT. We applied this technique in 12 patients. In six cases, we placed a vascular graft to obtain a tension‐free structure. We evaluated patency, short‐ and long‐term results.ResultsNo intraoperative complication was observed. The median duration of LT, blood transfusion, deceased donor age, and MELD score of the recipients were 7 h, 1250 mL, 72 years, and 19. Seven patients were affected by hepatocellular carcinoma. No major complications or PVT recurrence were observed. One patient required a liver re‐transplantation for primary non‐functioning syndrome. The mean hospital stay was 20 days. The actuarial patient survival was 85% with a mean FU of 4 years. The two late deaths were due to hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and sepsis for cholangitis.ConclusionsThis technique in presence of both CPVT and engorged LGV is feasible and safe for patients, with good short‐ and long‐term results.
Distal allograft pancreatectomy for graft salvage after pancreas transplantation
Authors: Soma Daiki , Nikumbh Tejas , Mangus Richard S , Lutz Andrew J. , Powelson John A. , Fridell Jonathan A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly pancreas allograft failure most commonly results from vascular thrombosis. Immediate surgical intervention may permit pancreas allograft salvage, typically requiring thrombectomy. In cases of partial allograft necrosis secondary to splenic arterial thrombosis, distal allograft pancreatectomy may allow salvage of at least half of the pancreas allograft with retention of function. We retrospectively reviewed four cases of simultaneous pancreas and kidney recipients who required distal allograft pancreatectomy for splenic artery thrombosis with necrosis of the distal pancreas. Three of the four maintained long‐term allograft function with euglycemia independent of insulin at six months to six years of follow‐up, and all patients continue to maintain normal renal allograft function. Early diagnosis and early intervention are essential in order to salvage the pancreas allograft in the case of thrombosis. Distal allograft pancreatectomy can be performed safely and result in excellent long‐term outcomes in select patients.
Neural substrates of the executive function construct, age‐related changes, and task materials in adolescents and adults: ALE meta‐analyses of 408 fMRI studies
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Peng Peng , Eickhoff Simon B. , Lin Xin , Zhang Delong , Wang Yingying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo explore the neural substrates of executive function (EF), we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of 408 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (9639 participants, 7587 activation foci, 518 experimental contrasts) covering three fundamental EF subcomponents: inhibition, switching, and working memory. Our results found that activation common to all three EF subcomponents converged in the multiple‐demand network across adolescence and adulthood. The function of EF with the multiple‐demand network involved, especially for the prefrontal cortex and the parietal regions, could not be mature until adulthood. In adolescents, only working memory could be separable from common EF, whereas in adults, the three EF subcomponents could be separable from common EF. However, findings of switching in adolescents should be treated with substantial caution and may be exploratory due to limited data available on switching tasks. For task materials, inhibition and working memory showed both domain generality and domain specificity, undergirded by the multiple‐demand network, as well as different brain regions in response to verbal and nonverbal task materials, respectively. In contrast, switching showed only domain generality with no activation specialized for either verbal or nonverbal task materials. These findings, taken together, support and contribute to the unitary–diverse nature of EF such that EF should be interpreted in an integrative model that relies on the integration of the EF construct, development, and task materials.
The light from the North—voyaging towards the west. Grundtvig and the Folk High School movement from Scandinavia to United States
Authors: Ohrem Sigurd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractN.F. S. Grundtvig is the Danish founding father of the Folk High Schools. In this article, I first describe Grundtvig's original idea and the application of the Folk High School in Norway as an alternative popular school for adults from a rural context, children of farmers, fishermen, and sailors. I further reflect upon this unique arena's cultural importance as well as the socio‐political implications of the Folk High School pedagogy. In particular, I consider the methods behind the desired empowerment of the participants towards active citizenship and the close interaction with some of the strong social movements of the varying time periods. Next, I discuss how this idea was exported before and after World War II, and thereby underwent an important modernization and transformation. Grundtvig's seminal ideas spread across the Atlantic. In the United States, they disseminated in the establishment of so‐called Folk Schools, amongst them the national and politically important Highlander Folk School. In this way, Grundtvig's vision gained new importance as an incubator for the integration of people of different ethnic backgrounds, supporting the emergence of local and national Trade Unions and facilitating the Civil Rights Movement.
Vertical distribution of Bemisia tabaci on soybean and attractiveness of cultivars
Authors: Rodrigues Raimundo Henrique Ferreira , Silva Luciana Barboza , Almeida Lorrana Francisca Oliveira , da Silva Sandra Ribeiro , Sobrinho Neurandir , Maggioni Kellen , Rodrigues Thiago Ferreira , Pavan Bruno Ettore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reduction in the number and frequency of insecticide applications in transgenic crops has favored population outbreaks of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in various Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merrill; Fabaceae], reflecting the fact that plants have different levels of attractiveness to insects. The identification of Bt soybean cultivars resistant to whitefly represents a viable and effective control alternative. The objective of this study was to characterize the vertical distribution of insects on the plant and to identify Bt soybean cultivars less attractive to B. tabaci. The insects used were collected in tomato crops, and the whitefly population was maintained on leaf cabbage plants. Fifteen soybean cultivars were evaluated to determine attractiveness to whitefly. Soybean plants were stratified into upper, middle, and lower thirds. Multiple‐choice and no‐choice bioassays were carried out with the 15 cultivars. Subsequently, 10 cultivars were selected for a new multiple‐choice assay. The parameters evaluated were the number of adults per leaflet and number of eggs cm−2; the degree of colonization by nymphs was determined only in the multiple‐choice assay. The density and length of trichomes of the 15 cultivars were also characterized. It was shown that the upper third of the plant was the most attractive, having the largest number of adults and colonizing nymphs. The cultivars BRS 9280RR, M 8808, and M 8644IPRO showed low levels of B. tabaci infestation by adults, eggs, and nymphs in the bioassays performed. There was a negative correlation between trichome length and density with the number of adults, eggs, and degree of colonization by nymphs. The vertical distribution and attractiveness of soybean cultivars to whitefly are discussed.
A modification of Matake criterion for considering the effect of mean shear stress under high cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Xin , Li Kui , Qiu Yuan‐ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, a brief review for some existing critical plane‐based life prediction models is presented, and limitations of these models in reflecting the influence of mean stress on fatigue life are discussed. It is found that the effect of mean normal stress on fatigue damage has been well taken into account for most of the critical plane‐based fatigue life prediction models, while mean shear stress effect is not well considered in these models. Therefore, a new critical plane‐based multiaxial high cycle fatigue life prediction model is proposed in this paper to account for the effects of both mean shear and normal stresses. The shear Walker factor and mean normal stress sensitivity index are introduced in the developed criterion to consider the effects of mean shear and normal stresses, respectively. Procedures to determine the damage parameters acting on the critical plane and to calculate the material constants contained in the proposed model are all presented. Experimental validations by using six different materials show that most of the predictions are within a factor of 3 in fatigue life.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of ubrogepant when coadministered with calcitonin gene‒related peptide‐targeted monoclonal antibody migraine preventives in participants with migraine: A randomized phase 1b drug–drug interaction study
Authors: Jakate Abhijeet , Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Boinpally Ramesh , Butler Matthew , Borbridge Lisa , Contreras‐De Lama Janette , McGeeney Danielle , Periclou Antonia , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of two calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP)‐targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), erenumab and galcanezumab, on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, safety, and tolerability of ubrogepant.BackgroundPeople taking CGRP‐targeted mAbs for migraine prevention sometimes take ubrogepant, an oral small‐molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, for acute treatment of breakthrough migraine attacks.DesignIn this two‐arm, multicenter, open‐label, phase 1b trial, adults with migraine were randomized to arm 1 (ubrogepant ± erenumab) or arm 2 (ubrogepant ± galcanezumab). The PK profile of ubrogepant was characterized for administration before and 4 days after CGRP‐targeted mAb injection. Participants received single‐dose ubrogepant 100 mg on day 1, subcutaneous erenumab 140 mg (arm 1) or galcanezumab 240 mg (arm 2) on day 8, and ubrogepant 100 mg once daily on days 12–15. In each study arm, serial blood samples were drawn on days 1 and 12 for measurement of plasma ubrogepant concentrations. The primary outcomes were area under the plasma ubrogepant concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to t post‐dose (AUC0–t) and from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–inf), and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of ubrogepant when ubrogepant was administered before or after a single dose of erenumab or galcanezumab. Vital signs and laboratory parameters were monitored.ResultsForty participants enrolled (20 per arm; mean [standard deviation] ages, 32.2 [8.9] and 38.4 [8.8] years; 50% [10/20] and 60% [12/20] female in arms 1 and 2, respectively). There were no significant differences in ubrogepant Cmax after versus before erenumab administration (geometric least‐squares mean [LSM] ratio, 1.04 [90% CI, 0.93–1.16]), and no significant differences in AUC0–t (1.06 [0.96–1.16]) or AUC0–inf (1.05 [0.96–1.15]). Similarly, ubrogepant Cmax (1.00 [90% CI, 0.82–1.20]), AUC0–t (1.05 [0.90–1.23]), and AUC0–inf (1.05 [0.90–1.22]) geometric LSM ratios were statistically equivalent after galcanezumab versus ubrogepant alone. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were similar to those reported with each treatment alone. No serious TEAEs, TEAEs leading to discontinuation, or clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters or vital signs were reported.ConclusionsThe PK profile of ubrogepant was not significantly changed and no safety concerns were identified when ubrogepant was coadministered with erenumab or galcanezumab.