bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of β3‐adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and lifestyle on overweight Japanese rural residents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hara Akinori , Nguyen Phat Minh , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Nakamura Masaharu , Yamada Yohei , Suzuki Keita , Suzuki Fumihiko , Kasahara Tomoko , Pham Oanh Kim , Nakamura Haruki , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Shimizu Yukari , Nguyen Thao Thi Thu , Miyagi Sakae , Kannon Takayuki , Sato Takehiro , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Tajima Atsushi , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe β3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene polymorphism has been implicated in obesity. Therefore, the contribution of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism to obesity‐related indicators was investigated, taking into account the lifestyle‐related factors in a Japanese rural population.MethodsA total of 600 Japanese adults aged ≥40 years in a population‐based cohort study were analyzed. The ADRB3 polymorphism was determined using peripheral blood samples. Associations between genotype and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat (BF) percentage were examined, adjusting for lifestyle‐related factors, including daily nutrient intake.ResultsThe frequency of Arg64 allele carriers was 36%. There was no significant difference in BMI, WC, or BF between the groups with or without the Trp64Arg polymorphism. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the Trp64Arg polymorphism was not associated with these three indicators, but lifestyle factors including physical inactivity, higher energy and sodium consumption, and less animal protein intake were significantly related to increased WC and BF percentages.ConclusionsThe Trp64Arg polymorphism of ADRB3 gene did not contribute to increased BMI, WC, or BF. However, lifestyle‐related factors impacted these indicators in middle‐aged and older Japanese individuals living in rural areas.
A content analysis of the aims, strategies, and effects of food and nonalcoholic drink advertising based on advertising industry case studies
Authors: Nanchahal Kiran , Vasiljevic Milica , Petticrew Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlacing limitations on advertising of food and nonalcoholic drinks to children is an effective strategy in addressing childhood obesity. The industry maintains that further restrictions are unnecessary.AimsTo ascertain whether the advertising campaigns were successful according to the industry evaluations and more specifically the effects of marketing on children.Materials & MethodsA total of 117 case studies (1980–2016) published by the advertising industry which evaluate the effects of advertising campaigns were reviewed. This industry data source had been previously used to analyze the effects of alcohol advertising campaigns. The nutrition profile of the products was assessed by applying the World Health Organisation Nutrition Profile model designed to restrict the marketing of foods and beverages to children.ResultsThe food and drink industry advertising campaigns target specific consumers including children, use several persuasive marketing techniques (utilizing celebrities and gamification), often position unhealthy products as healthy, and lead to increased sales of the advertised product with good returns on investment. The health‐related claims made, and aspects of the campaigns related to the marketing of the products to children are summarized.DiscussionOur analysis of food and non‐alcoholic drinks case studies aligns with similar analyses of tobacco and alcohol advertisingConclusionThis analysis, based on internal industry data, presents important evidence on the effects of advertising on consumption‐related outcomes and the mechanisms by which they are achieved.
Fostering ocean empathy through future scenarios
Authors: Blythe Jessica , Baird Julia , Bennett Nathan , Dale Gillian , Nash Kirsty L. , Pickering Gary , Wabnitz Colette C. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Empathy for nature is considered a prerequisite for sustainable interactions with the biosphere. Yet to date, empirical research on how to stimulate empathy remains scarce.

Here, we investigate whether future scenarios can promote greater empathy for the oceans. Using a pre‐post empathy questionnaire, participants (N = 269) were presented with an optimistic or a pessimistic future scenario for the high seas in a virtual reality (VR) or written format.

Results showed that post‐test empathy levels were significantly higher than pre‐test levels, indicating that future scenarios fostered ocean empathy. We also find that the pessimistic scenario resulted in greater empathy levels compared to the optimistic scenario. Finally, we found no significant difference between the VR and written conditions and found that empathy scores significantly decreased 3 months after the initial intervention.

As one of the first studies to empirically demonstrate the influence of a purposeful intervention to build ocean empathy, this article makes critical contributions to advancing research on future scenarios and offers a novel approach for supporting ocean sustainability.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effect of a novel green modification of alumina nanoparticles on the curing kinetics and electrical insulation properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Estaji Sara , Rostami Elham , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Arjmand Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel green surface modification was successfully implemented on alumina nanoparticles using chitosan (CS) to prevent nanoparticles' aggregation. To evaluate the surface changes of nanoparticles, FTIR, TGA, TEM, and SEM analyses were used. The cure kinetics of the uncured samples was analyzed by DSC. Different methods such as KAS, Friedman, Starink, and FWO were applied to measure the activation energy. The activation energy of epoxy reinforced with chitosan‐functionalized alumina (epoxy/[CS‐EPO‐alumina]) was less than that of epoxy reinforced with alumina (epoxy/alumina), which was a confirmation of the positive effect of CS on curing reaction kinetics. Using the Malek method, the Sestak‐Berggren autocatalytic equation was chosen to investigate the cure kinetics of the epoxy. It was found that the Sestak‐Berggren equation is well matched with the experimental data and the model was suitable to predict the epoxy curing reaction reliably. Moreover, the glass transition temperatures of all samples were approximately the same. The effect of surface modification of alumina on the electrical insulating behavior of epoxy was also studied. It was found that CS functionalized alumina (CS‐EPO‐alumina) increased volume resistivity of epoxy at a temperature range of 30 to 80°C more than that of alumina. Electric stability and breakdown strength of epoxy/alumina and epoxy/(CS‐EPO‐alumina) also enhanced, where epoxy/(CS‐EPO‐alumina) experienced a further increase compared to epoxy.
Effect of repeated hydrothermal cycling on the durability of glass fiber/epoxy composites with and without carbon nanotube reinforcement
Authors: Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Sen Bhaskar , Nayak B. Arnimesh , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnhancing the performance of polymeric composites by incorporating carbon nanotube (CNT) is a current research trend. In this article, the performance of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GE) composite with and without CNT has been observed under repeated hydrothermal cycling (HC) between 15 and 50°C water baths. Before carrying out the HC, the optimum concentration of CNT in the GE composite was obtained by flexural test. This study first confirms that the addition of 0.1 wt% of CNTs resulted in a 6.68% and 6.47% increment in flexural strength and modulus compared to neat GE composite. Alteration in the performance of the neat GE and 0.1 wt% CNT‐GE was then analyzed after performing HC for 20, 40, and 60 cycles by conducting mechanical (flexural), thermomechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis [DMA]), chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]) and fractographic (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]) analysis. Degradation in the mechanical performance of the CNT embedded GE composite was found to be faster than the neat one with the increasing number of HC. The possible reason has been explained based on the evidence obtained from DMA, FTIR, and SEM analysis.
The relationship between placental characteristics and birthweight discordance in different types of selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic diamniotic twins: A single‐center 7 year cohort study
Authors: Wang Xueju , Shi Huifeng , Li Luyao , Yuan Pengbo , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the relationships between placental characteristics and birthweight discordance in three types of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) in monochorionic diamniotic twins.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between april 2013 and april 2020. Associations between placental characteristics and birthweight discordance were evaluated through multiple linear regression analyses with two models for each sIUGR type. Model A was adjusted for gestational age, Model B additionally adjusted for the impact of placental characteristics interacted.ResultsIn cases of type I sIUGR, birthweight discordance ratio was positively associated with placental territory discordance ratio [(β = 0.181,95%CI(0.072,0.290), p < 0.05), (β = 0.239,95%CI(0.125, 0.353), p < 0.05)] under both Model A and Model B. In‐type II sIUGR [(β = −0.012,95%CI(‐0.020, −0.004), p < 0.05) (β = −0.010,95%CI (−0.018, −0.002), p < 0.05)] and type III sIUGR [(β = −0.011,95%CI (−0.021, −0.001), p < 0.05), (β = −0.012,95%CI(‐0.022, −0.003), p < 0.05)], birthweight discordance ratio was negatively associated with the total diameter of all the anastomoses as calculated with both Model A and Model B.ConclusionBirthweight discordance is primarily related to placental territory discordance in type I sIUGR, whereas vascular anastomoses play important roles for growth‐restricted fetal compensation in type II and III sIUGR.
IVF embryo choices and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Yun , Ou Xianghong , Li Min , Chen Lei , Shao Xiaoguang , Quan Song , Duan Jinliang , He Wei , Shen Huan , Sun Ling , Yu Yuexin , Cram David S. , Leigh Donald , Yao Yuanqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the chromosome status and transfer outcomes of embryos selected using routine “best morphology” IVF practices.MethodA prospective multi‐center, non‐selection cohort study involving patients undertaking IVF treatment. Study entry conditions were blastocyst biopsy, >1 embryo with chromosome analysis and frozen transfer of the best morphology embryo. Primary analyses were βhCG positive, implantation, ongoing pregnancy and birth rates and pregnancy‐stage progression failures.ResultsAfter transfer, embryo chromosome status was assigned and outcomes divided into two primary groups ‐ euploids (n = 135) and aneuploids (n = 53). Compared to euploid embryo transfers, aneuploid embryos had significantly lower primary outcomes (+βhCG: 67% vs. 30%, p < 0.0001; IR: 56% vs. 19%, p < 0.0001; ongoing week 12: 51% vs. 9%, p < 0.0001; and livebirths: 50% vs. 8%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Transfers were further subdivided into smaller groups according to their main chromosomal feature. Stage analysis showed higher failure rates for aneuploids to initiate a pregnancy (p < 0.0001), higher subclinical miscarriage rate (p = 0.0402) and higher clinical miscarriage rate (p = 0.0038).ConclusionRoutine morphology‐based embryo selection resulted in a high euploid selection rate but a significant number of aneuploid embryos were still inadvertently selected for transfer (28%) with the subsequent high failure rates for pregnancy initiation and progression having implications for appropriate patient management.
Modeling within‐year growth on the Mathematics Measure of Academic Progress
Authors: Boorse Jaclin , Van Norman Ethan R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrior research on the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP), a computer‐adaptive test distributed by the Northwest Evaluation Association, has primarily focused on the Reading MAP for screening/benchmarking in elementary grades. The purpose of this study was to explore the functional form of growth and the extent to which student variability in growth was captured by the Mathematics MAP across a single school year using linear mixed‐effects regression. Participants were 1608 middle school students from a school district in the Upper Midwest. Results supported a statistically significant nonlinear growth term for sixth grade and statistically significant, but small, monthly linear growth terms for sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. The Math MAP moderately captured individual variability across grades. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Analysis of behavioral interventions in alternative school settings
Authors: Aspiranti Kathleen , Mayworm Ashley , Gadke Daniel L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the effects of behavioral interventions used in alternative school settings on student outcomes, including group design (GD) and single‐case design (SCD) studies. Behavioral interventions were broadly defined as interventions targeting behavior or thoughts and feelings, but not academics. An alternative school setting is defined as, “A public elementary/secondary school that (1) addresses needs of students that typically cannot be met in a regular school, (2) provides nontraditional education, (3) serves as an adjunct to a regular school, or (4) falls outside the categories of regular, special education, or vocational education” (National Center for Education Statistics, 2017). Studies meeting What Works Clearinghouse design standards for GD and SCD were included. A total of 21 eligible studies (13 GD; 8 SCD) were included across peer‐reviewed journal articles and dissertations. The GD studies included a total of 1202 participants and SCD included 105 participants. Hedges' g effect sizes measures were calculated separately for GD and SCD studies. Results indicate interventions in alternative settings have at least moderate effects on behavioral and emotional outcomes; these effects were higher for SCD studies. There were no significant moderators for GD studies, but outcomes were moderated by grade and race for SCD studies. The need for future studies with increased methodological rigor is discussed.
BotanizeR: A flexible R package with Shiny app to practice plant identification for online teaching and beyond
Authors: Weigelt Patrick , Denelle Pierre , Brambach Fabian , Kreft Holger 
Published: September 2021

Societal Impact StatementConfronting the ongoing biodiversity crisis and our incomplete taxonomic knowledge on the world's plants requires well‐trained experts able to recognize and identify species. Although botanical training is an integral part of many university programs in biology, plant identification skills are becoming rare. The Covid‐19 pandemic has challenged plant identification classes as many courses rely on hands‐on practicing with plant material or guided excursions. Here, we present BotanizeR, a flexible online tool to make the wealth of digitally available but scattered information on plant characteristics accessible and allow users to practice plant identification. BotanizeR can assist in teaching plant knowledge in a playful way during times of online teaching and beyond and may help to increase the fascination of biology students and laypeople alike for plant diversity.
Effects of elevated CO2 on activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes in Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa under spinetoram stress
Authors: Fan Zongfang , Qian Lei , Chen Yaping , Fan Rui , He Shuqi , Gao Yulin , Gui Furong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDElevated CO2 can directly affect the toxicity of insecticides to insects and the physiological response of insects to insecticides. Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa are highly destructive pests that target horticultural crops. Spinetoram is an effective pesticide against thrips. This study sought to explore the effect of elevated CO2 on efficacy of spinetoram against F. occidentalis and F. intonsa and effect of the spinetoram on activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes under elevated CO2. Notably, these enzymes can be exploited in further studies to develop interventions for thrips resistance management.RESULTSToxicity bioassay showed that the LC50 values of F. occidentalis and F. intonsa exposed to spinetoram at elevated CO2 (800 μL L−1 concentration) for 48 h was 0.08 and 0.006 mg L−1, respectively, which is 0.62 and 0.75 times of the values at ambient CO2 (400 μL L−1 concentration). The findings showed that elevated CO2 decreased activities of the superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase in thrips, while increasing the activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione S‐transferase. However, spinetoram increased activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes in both thrips under the two CO2 levels. Elevated CO2 and spinetoram affect the physiological enzyme activity in thrips synergistically, and the activities of analyzed enzymes were generally higher in F. occidentalis than in F. intonsa.CONCLUSIONElevated CO2 amplifies the efficacy of spinetoram on thrips, F. intonsa is more susceptibility to spinetoram than F. occidentalis and the latter showed better adaptation to adverse conditions than the former. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Perspectives on gene copy number variation and pesticide resistance
Authors: Heckel David G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the generation of evolutionary diversity by gene duplication has long been known, the implications for pesticide resistance are just now beginning to be appreciated. A few examples will be cited to illustrate the point that there are many variations on the theme that gene duplication does not follow a set pattern. Transposable elements may facilitate the process but the mechanistic details are obscure and unpredictable. New developments in DNA sequencing technology and genome assembly promise to reveal more examples, yet care must be taken in interpreting the results of transcriptome and genome assemblies and independent means of validation are important. Once a specific gene family is identified, special methods generally must be used to avoid underestimating population polymorphisms and being trapped in preconceptions about the simplicity of the process. © 2021 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐pot synthesis and multiple MS/MS fragmentation studies of phospholysine peptides
Authors: Zhao Xuelian , Fu Songsen , Zhao Yufen , Ni Feng 
Published: September 2021

RationaleCompared with phosphorylation of arginine and histidine, the study of phosphorylation of lysine lags far behind. The major challenges toward the current study of phosphorylation of lysine include synthesis and unambiguous phosphosite identification. This study provided a simple chemical synthesis method to construct phospholysine peptides (pLys peptides) and investigated their fragmentation under multiple activation types.MethodsHerein, we developed a synthetic method for pLys peptides in aqueous solution within one pot. Two peptides were lysine‐phosphorylated using this method. The purified pLys peptides were first characterized using NMR, then were subjected to nano‐liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS) analysis under multiple fragmentation method including collision‐induced dissociation (CID), higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron transfer/higher energy collisional dissociation (EThcD), and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) fragmentation to investigate the relevant diagnostic ions.ResultsTwo pLys peptides were synthesized with a moderate yield following an easily handled experimental protocol. NMR spectra showed the phosphorylation occurred on ε‐NH2 of lysine but not other groups. As for the fragmentation, in general, pLys immonium ions and phosphate‐related neutral losses were ubiquitous among spectra derived from these activation types except for ETD. Using these ions as diagnostic ions, the misassigned phosphosites by algorithm could be recorrected. UVPD‐generated spectra owned good sequence‐coverage and abundant fragment ions, with pLys immonium ions and neutral losses of weak intensity.ConclusionsA synthetic method was developed for pLys peptides in aqueous solution within one pot. The characteristic pLys immonium ions and phosphate‐related neutral loss could serve as the diagnostic ions for unambiguous phosphosite identification of pLys peptides. In addition, UVPD was promising for the identification of pLys peptides.
Instrument localisation for endovascular aneurysm repair: Comparison of two methods based on tracking systems or using imaging
Authors: Jäckle Sonja , Lange Annkristin , García‐Vázquez Verónica , Eixmann Tim , Matysiak Florian , Sieren Malte Maria , Horn Marco , Schulz‐Hildebrandt Hinnerk , Hüttmann Gereon , Ernst Floris , Heldmann Stefan , Pätz Torben , Preusser Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn endovascular aneuysm repair (EVAR) procedures, medical instruments are currently navigated with a two‐dimensional imaging based guidance requiring X‐rays and contrast agent.MethodsNovel approaches for obtaining the three‐dimensional instrument positions are introduced. Firstly, a method based on fibre optical shape sensing, one electromagnetic sensor and a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan is described. Secondly, an approach based on image processing using one 2D fluoroscopic image and a preoperative CT scan is introduced.ResultsFor the tracking based method, average errors from 1.81 to 3.13 mm and maximum errors from 3.21 to 5.46 mm were measured. For the image‐based approach, average errors from 3.07 to 6.02 mm and maximum errors from 8.05 to 15.75 mm were measured.ConclusionThe tracking based method is promising for usage in EVAR procedures. For the image‐based approach are applications in smaller vessels more suitable, since its errors increase with the vessel diameter.
Seedling root growth experiments for two Australian dryland riparian eucalypts provide new insights for environmental watering
Authors: Balcombe Stephen R. , Biggs Andrew , Prior Andrea , Capon Samantha J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn dryland environments where rivers have been modified by water resource developments, the use of environmental water provides a management tool to restore or maintain riparian vegetation conditions. Relevant management actions include watering to promote the recruitment of highly valued woody species. However, for many riparian trees, little is known about the watering regimes needed to achieve successful recruitment. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to investigate the early growth of 5‐week old seedlings of two Australian dryland riparian tree species, coolibah (Eucalyptus coolabah) and river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), in floodplain soil cores to provide insights into their requirements for successful establishment in dryland habitats. Both species exhibited similar growth patterns for their above‐ground components. E. coolabah root penetration through soil cores was consistent over the 12‐week experiment. In contrast, E. camaldulensis root penetration appeared to be considerably slower during the first 6 weeks, but then became more rapid over the following 6 weeks, with similar rooting depths after 12 weeks observed to those of E. coolabah. These findings suggest that coolibah seedlings are more likely to establish under rapidly drying conditions than river red gum seedlings. Such differences in early growth for these iconic species should be considered when determining the provision of environmental water for their management.