bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Power/High‐Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Yang Chi‐Yuan , Tu Deyu , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Wu Han‐Yan , Harikesh Padinhare Cholakkal , Massetti Matteo , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Kroon Renee , Müller Christian , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability to accurately extract low‐amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single‐use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low‐power and high‐gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p‐type and n‐type enhancement‐mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single‐stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW−1, which is >50 times larger than state‐of‐the‐art OECT‐based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two‐stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power‐efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low‐amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond‐silicon applications.
An All‐Fabric Droplet‐Based Energy Harvester with Topology Optimization
Authors: Liang Fei , Chao Xujiang , Yu Shudong , Gu Yuheng , Zhang Xiaohui , Wei Xin , Fan Jintu , Tao Xiao‐ming , Shou Dahua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe output power density of a triboelectric nanogenerator can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude by a field‐effect transistor like structure. However, the previously reported strip top electrode is not ideal for optimum generation and stable transfer of charges under practical dynamic conditions. Switched on by an impinged droplet, the bridged closed‐loop electric circuit transfers the accumulated charges by converting the conventional interfacial effect into a bulk effect. Randomly falling droplets cannot always exactly impinge the electrode with the desired spreading contact to achieve a high peak voltage, and a large fraction of low‐voltage direct‐contact and sliding‐contact modes will lead to low output and instability. To address this critical challenge, a topology‐optimized droplet energy harvesting fabric (TO‐DEHF) for stable and efficient output from randomly falling droplets is reported. The optimized fabric electrodes in a hexagonal network feature a stable open‐circuit voltage under moving and rotating patterns, threefold over that with the strip electrodes. The peak power density of the TO‐DEHF (71.8 mW m–2) is 4.8‐fold versus the latter (14.8 mW m–2). Moreover, the all‐fabric TO‐DEHF has high flexibility and breathability, based on which a self‐powered wireless wearable prototype is successfully demonstrated for detection of crucial droplet properties, including temperature, pH, and salinity.
Eco‐friendly PCL@CDs biomaterials via phytic acid, CDs‐cocatalyzed polymerization for rifapentin delivery
Authors: Wang Guoyu , Ren Huifang , Chen Qiuyang , Zhou Mingchen , Xie Fei , Yan Manqing , Wang Qiyang , Bi Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough biodegradable and biocompatible polymers have great advantages as a research hotspot, the single polymer does not satisfy multifunctional needs in biomaterials application. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) with strong fluorescence and good hydrophilicity were prepared through effective microwave method from citric acid and ethanediamine. Then green PCL@CDs biomaterials were fabricated by the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) via green phytic acid and active CDs as catalysts. Importantly, the as‐obtained PCL@CDs hybrids with good biocompatibility, adjustable hydrophilicity and good fluorescence could load antituberculosis rifapentine (RFT) by the method of oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation. Also, the morphology, RFT loading and release activity of PCL@CDs@RFT microspheres were deeply investigated. The results showed that the maximum drug loading and encapsulation rate of the prepared PCL@CDs@RFT microspheres were 7.8% and 81%, respectively. Therefore, the binary material can be used as a kind of potential fluorescent labeling biomaterial for drug delivery.
The hidden life of the consumer mind
Authors: Bargh John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnconscious influences permeate the everyday life of consumers. The scope of unconscious influences is greatly enhanced when the operational definition of “unconscious” shifts from the anachronistic “subliminal” one—whether the person is aware of the triggering information itself—to the far more common situation of being unaware of the influence of that stimulus. People are often unaware of how external events influence their choices and behavior, which is a good reason not to rely on self‐report measures of mediating internal mental processes. What are the main forms of mundane unconscious influence? (1) The person's primary evolved needs and motives and active goal pursuits, which operate unconsciously to exert a transformative effect on selective attention, preferences, and purchases, and consumption. These can be triggered through common external means such as grocery store handouts and emails from the boss. (2) Immediate preconscious perceptual inputs from the external environment influence seemingly “free” conscious choices. Finally, (3) postconscious processes have the same effects but come from the carry‐over of conscious experiences from one situation into the next. This is the domain of “nudges” or “priming effects” with many field studies as well as meta‐analyses demonstrating their validity and replicability.
Detailed investigation of two high‐speed evolved Galactic stars
Authors: Matas Pinto Aroa del Mar , Caffau Elisabetta , François Patrick , Spite Monique , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Wanajo Shinya , Aoki Wako , Monaco Lorenzo , Suda Takuma , Spite François , Sbordone Luca , Lombardo Linda , Mucciarelli Alessio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study of metal poor stars provides clarification and knowledge about the primordial Universe. Specially, halo stars provide explanations of the nature of the first generations of stars and the nucleosynthesis in the metal‐poor regime. We present a detailed chemical analysis and determination of the kinematic and orbital properties of two stars characterized by high speed with respect to the Sun. We analyzed two high‐resolution Subaru spectra employing the MyGIsFOS code, which allows to derive the detailed chemical abundances for 28 elements (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu), and abundance from two ionization states in the case of four elements (Ti, Cr, Fe, and Zr). TYC 622–742–1 and TYC 1193–1918–1 are metal‐poor stars ([Fe/H] of −2.37 and −1.60), they are similar in the chemical pattern with respect to Fe, they are enhanced and show a slight excess in Eu abundance. Both giant stars are poor in C and rich in N, as expected for evolved stars, and this fact is supported by the low isotopic ratio in TYC 1193–1918–1. Nevertheless, the C abundance of TYC 622–742–1 is particularly low. TYC 622–742–1 and TYC 1193–1918–1 have a similar chemical composition to the other Galactic halo stars of comparable metallicity. According to their kinematics, both stars belong to the Galactic halo, but they are not a part of the Gaia‐Sausage‐Enceladus structure.
Thyroid hormones inhibit apoptosis of macrophage induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein
Authors: Ning Yu , Jia Yifan , Yang Yunxiao , Wen Wanwan , Huang Mengling , Liu Sheng , Yang Yuejin , Dong Yugang , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that hypothyroidism aggravates atherosclerosis. Macrophage apoptosis plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. We aimed to explore the effect of thyroid hormones on macrophage apoptosis induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Peripheral blood samples from 20 patients (normal group, hypothyroidism group, coronary artery disease [CAD] group, hypothyroidism + CAD group) were collected to perform messenger RNA microarray analysis. Bioinformatics analysis identified apoptosis and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling as differentially expressed pathways between CAD and hypothyroidism + CAD group. In vitro, thyroid hormones concentration‐dependently promoted cell survival and inhibited apoptosis in oxLDL‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages, along with elevated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation. The STRING database showed an interaction of thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 (TRα1) and MAPK pathway. TRα1 knockdown increased cell apoptosis and decreased Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Erk1/2 inhibitor aggravated macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, thyroid hormones inhibited oxidative stress in oxLDL‐treated macrophages. The study indicates that thyroid hormones concentration‐dependently attenuate oxLDL‐induced macrophage apoptosis through activating TRα1‐Erk1/2 pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress, which implies a potential mechanism of hypothyroid‐accelerated atherosclerosis.
Chemical Composition of the Unexplored Volatile Fraction of Betula glandulosa, a Prevalent Shrub in Nunavik, Québec
Authors: Séguin Jean‐Christophe , Fernandez Xavier , Boudreau Stéphane , Voyer Normand 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe volatile fraction of the leaves of Betula glandulosa Michx. has been investigated for its secondary metabolite composition by GC/MS and GC/FID. The rapid expansion of this shrub species in subarctic landscapes, like the ones found in Nunavik (Northern Québec, Canada), highly impacts ecosystem dynamics. Yet, despite its abundance, few phytochemical investigations have yet been conducted on this species. In this study, we present the first phytochemical investigation of the volatile metabolites of B. glandulosa leaves. Although no essential oil was isolated, volatile compounds were extracted from the hydrosol by steam distillation. The main metabolites observed were linalool (14.6–19.0 %), C6 oxylipins (known as green leaf volatiles, GLV; total of 18.2–40.2 %), eugenol (1.6–8.6 %) and α‐terpineol (3.3–4.8 %). Dwarf birch is an important food source for insects and herbivores, so knowledge of its metabolite composition could help understand parts of its functional role in subarctic ecosystems. The composition of the volatile fraction could serve as marker for differentiating B. glandulosa from other dwarf birch species like Betula nana L.
Deep brain stimulation of anteromedial globus pallidus internus improved OCD rather than tics in a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome patient
Authors: Aminzade Zahra , Tehrani Fateh Sepand , Jalili Khoshnoud Reza , Ashrafi Farzad , Salari Mehri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 32‐year‐old gentleman with refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome went on a DBS procedure on anteromedial globus pallidus internus. At the most suitable adjustment, the OCD component of his disease improved almost completely while his tics remained unchanged which was in contrast with other previous studies. Moreover, variations in symptoms were seen in response to different adjustments. We discuss that these variations and fluctuations in the therapeutic outcomes may be due to differences in physiological conditions of tic‐ or OCD‐specified pathways and areas including distinct stimulation threshold and occurrence of neuroplasticity in neural circuits which may determine the responsiveness of each pathway or circuit to a specific stimulus. At last, we suggest that pathways and circuits should be targeted for DBS rather than single components; as these components may be involved in multiple pathways, related to different pathophysiological states.
Evaluation of Separation Efficiency in a Tubular Bowl Centrifuge
Authors: Patan Sumayabanu , Velaga Satish K. , Sanapala V. S. , Ananthasivan Krishnamurthy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCentrifugal sedimentation, a well‐known solid‐liquid separation process, is typically used for the separation of solids from low concentration feeds because of its high separation efficiency due to high settling velocities. The performance of the tubular bowl centrifuge (TBC) can be studied by using the sigma theory, which assumes plug flow and rigid body motion inside the rotating bowl wall. The separation efficiency of the system is evaluated by determining the effective fluid layer thickness from the experimental data. A method suitable for evaluating the separation efficiency at different parameters for a given TBC is explained along with experimental validation. By using this method, different case studies are performed which depict the influence of each parameter on the separation efficiency. Also, it is demonstrated that the same higher separation efficiency (98 %) at 20 000 rpm could be achieved at higher bowl capacities.
k‐anonymity based location privacy protection method for location‐based services in Internet of Thing
Authors: Wang Bo , Guo Yina , Li Hongtao , Li Zhiying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe wide application of Internet of Things technology has promoted the application of location‐based services (LBS). Users can enjoy various conveniences brought by LBS. However, mobile users should submit their location information to LBS which may lead to privacy disclosure. Therefore, users need to protect their privacy while enjoying the service. If the privacy protection problem cannot be solved, the development of mobile internet business will be greatly affected. The existing location privacy protection methods take little account of real‐time road conditions and are unable to resist link attacks. In this article, a k‐anonymous location privacy protection method based on Voronoi map was proposed. First, the Voronoi diagram was divided according to road network structure and real‐time road network data, and Voronoi unit was established with the intersection as the base point. Then, the base point is sent as an anchor instead of the user's actual location to the third‐party server. The Voronoi diagram generated by the k‐anonymity constituted an anonymous space to resist multi‐query attacks and protected the location. k‐1 user location points that are communicating were selected to form k‐anonymous set with the current user, and send the anonymous set to LBS. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method not only efficiently protected location privacy, but also provided high‐quality service.
One‐Photon and Two‐Photon Photophysical Properties of Tetrafunctionalized 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(m‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (Temoporfin) Derivatives as Potential Two‐Photon‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy Agents
Authors: Gierlich Piotr , Mucha Sebastian G. , Robbins Emma , Gomes‐da‐Silva Lígia C. , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment, which exploits a photosensitizing drug and light to produce reactive oxygen species that can cause selective damage to the target tissue. The second‐generation photosensitizer 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(m‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m‐THPC) is a widely used, clinically tested, and commercially available drug with the market formulation known as Foscan. m‐THPC was used as a starting point to obtain a library of compounds with improved optical properties. Substitution, esterification and Sonogashira coupling reactions were employed to modify the m‐THPC skeleton. Aldehyde and carboxylic acid moieties provided the possibility to enhance the two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross‐section while being suitable synthetic handles in the design of drug delivery systems. Characterization of their linear photophysical properties (fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime and singlet oxygen quantum yield) was followed by the evaluation of their potential use in a non‐linear absorption regime. The calculated TPA cross‐section values indicate even a 2.6‐fold enhancement at the TPA maximum (69.3±10.0 GM), compared to m‐THPC (26.7±4.0 GM), which proves that functionalization of the m‐THPC core leads to the improvement of the non‐linear optical properties. Thus, tetrafunctionalized m‐THPC derivatives are promising candidates for application in two‐photon induced PDT.
Influence of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows in managed forests in a regional comparison
Authors: Henneberg Benjamin , Bauer Simon , Birkenbach Markus , Mertl Vanilla , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Feldhaar Heike , Obermaier Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTree hollows are among the rarest habitats in today's Central European managed forests but are considered key structures for high biodiversity in forests. To analyze and compare the effects of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on diversity of saproxylic beetles in tree hollows in differently structured managed forests, we examined between 41 and 50 tree hollows in beech trees in each of three state forest management districts in Germany. During the two‐year study, we collected 283 saproxylic beetle species (5880 individuals; 22% threatened species), using emergence traps. At small spatial scales, the size of hollow entrance and the number of surrounding microhabitat structures positively influenced beetle diversity, while the stage of wood mould decomposition had a negative influence, across all three forest districts. We utilized forest inventory data to analyze the effects of forest structure in radii of 50–500 m around tree hollows on saproxylic beetle diversity in the hollows. At these larger spatial scales, the three forest management districts differed remarkably regarding the parameters that influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows. In Ebrach, characterized by mostly deciduous trees, the amount of dead wood positively influenced beetle diversity. In the mostly coniferous Fichtelberg forest district, with highly isolated tree hollows, in contrast, only the proportion of beech trees around the focal tree hollows showed a positive influence on beetle diversity. In Kelheim, characterized by mixed forest stands, there were no significant relationships between forest structure and beetle diversity in tree hollows. In this study, the same local tree hollow parameters influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in all three study regions, while parameters of forest structure at larger spatial scales differed in their importance, depending on tree‐species composition.
Assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low‐carbon energy sources
Authors: Fahr Steffen , Powell Julian , Favero Alice , Giarrusso Anthony J. , Lively Ryan P. , Realff Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect Air Capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology that can remove up to 10–20 Gt of CO2 per year. However, to achieve this potential, DAC systems must be coupled to suitable locally available energy sources and sited near geological storage. This study explores the potential of low‐carbon energy sources to supply power and heat to the DAC process in a dedicated, self‐sufficient system tailored for each energy source. Solar, geothermal, woody biomass, wind, and nuclear energy sources are assessed for their global energy supply potential and possible land use requirements. While the options differ in area requirement and regional efficacy, we estimate that all the regionally specific technologies considered can supply energy to achieve significant removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere globally. The amount of energy physically available from solar, offshore wind, and woody biomass converts to a removal potential of 160–971, 45–150, and 2–5 Gt CO2/year, respectively. Thus, negative emission targets can be reached by utilizing a moderate fraction of the overall potential of several different low‐carbon energy sources for DAC while the magnitude of the potential changes significantly according to the source of energy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinformatics analysis of the wheel treadmill test on motor function recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Qiu‐Lin , Li Ting‐Ting , Fang Chang‐Le , Zhang Bao‐Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the possible target and mechanism of the wheel treadmill (WTM) test for motor function recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats were divided into sham, control and WTM groups to establish an SCI mode. Rats in the WTM group were trained on the WTM test, and Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scores were determined. The samples were collected, and mRNA sequencing was conducted to determine the changes in gene expression. The coexpressed genes were screened to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI), followed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology function enrichment analysis, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) volcano map and hub gene expression heat map were constructed using R language. The BBB scores in the control and WTM groups increased with time, with the WTM group scoring higher than the control group. The results of rat spinal cord tissue sequencing showed that a total of 1679 DEGs were screened in the sham and control groups; 928 DEGs and 731 overlapping genes were screened in the WTM and control groups. The key genes were identified by PPI analysis. One hundred and thirty‐three genes were found to be overlapping by combined analysis of spinal cord sequencing data and BBB scores of rats at Week 7. The top 10 DEGs from high to low were Tyrobp, Rac2, Cd68, C1qb, Aif1, Cd74, Spi1, Fcer1g, RT1‐DA, and Ccl4. The terms with the highest enrichment scores were microglia‐mediated positive regulation of cytotoxicity and major histocompatibility complex class II protein complexes. Treatment with the WTM test promotes recovery of motor function after SCI in rats by modulating intercellular communication and immune function.
Infant Dextromethorphan and Dextrorphan Exposure via Breast Milk From Mothers Who Are CYP2D6 Extensive Metabolizers
Authors: Shum Sara , Yadav Aprajita , Fay Emily , Moreni Sue , Mao Jennie , Czuba Lindsay , Wang Celine , Isoherranen Nina , Hebert Mary F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe risk of infant exposure to dextromethorphan (DM) and its active metabolite, dextrorphan (DX), through breast milk has not been evaluated. In this study, bound and unbound DM and DX concentrations in breast milk and plasma at 2 hours post‐dose were measured in 20 lactating women (n = 20) following a single 30 mg oral dose of DM. The DM and DX concentrations in breast milk were positively correlated with their respective plasma concentrations. The breast milk‐to‐plasma (M/P) ratios of 1.0 and 1.6 and the unbound M/P ratios of 1.1 and 2.0 for DM and DX, respectively, suggested that DM and DX are extensively distributed into breast milk. The infant exposure following a single dose of 30 mg DM was estimated using breast milk concentrations of 0.33 ± 0.32 and 1.8 ± 1.0 μg/kg/day for DM and DX, respectively. The steady‐state infant exposure was estimated using the M/P ratios and previously reported area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) of DM and DX following repeated dosing of DM 60 mg orally, twice daily, to be 0.64 ± 0.22 and 1.23 ± 0.38 μg/kg/day, respectively. Based on these estimated infant doses, the relative infant doses (RIDs) were estimated to be <1%, suggesting the infant is only exposed to a minor fraction of adult dose through breast milk; however, one nursing infant developed an erythematous rash during this study, which warrants additional research to fully elucidate the risks of infant exposure to DM and DX through breast milk.