bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease With Glomerular Etiology in Hospitalized Children
Authors: He Guohua , Li Chenglong , Zhong Xuhui , Wang Fang , Wang Haibo , Shi Ying , Gan Lanxia , Ding Jie 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To Identify association between risk factors to Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 in children with glomerular diseases in children in China.Methods: The Hospital Quality Monitoring System database was used to extract data for the study cohort. The primary outcome included progression to CKD stage 5 or dialysis. Cox regression was used to assess potential risk factors. Patients with lower stages (CKD stage 1 and 2) and higher stages (CKD stage 3 and 4) at baseline were analyzed separately.Results: Of 819 patients (4,089 hospitalization records), 172 (21.0%) patients reached the primary outcome during a median followed-up of 11.4 months. In the lower stages group, factors associated with the primary outcome included older age [Hazard Ratio (HR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.34] and out-of-pocket payment (HR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.57–10.95). In the higher stages group, factors associated with the primary outcome included CKD stage 4 (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.48–3.62) and hypertension (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.29–3.07). The medical migration rate was 38.2% in this study population.Conclusion: There are different risk factors for progression to the primary outcome in different stages in CKD with glomerular etiology. Further prospective studies are needed to assess these risk factors. The high medical migration rate reflected the regional disparities in the accessibility of pediatric kidney care between regions.
Early Postnatal Comprehensive Biomarkers Cannot Identify Extremely Preterm Infants at Risk of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Hoffsten Alice , Markasz Laszlo , Lilja Helene Engstrand , Olsson Karl Wilhelm , Sindelar Richard 
Published: October 2021

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a fatal disease where current diagnostic tools are insufficient for preventing NEC. Early predictive biomarkers could be beneficial in identifying infants at high risk of developing NEC.Objective: To explore early biomarkers for predicting NEC in extremely preterm infants (EPIs).Methods: Blood samples were collected on day 2 (median 1.7; range 1.5–2.0) from 40 EPI (median 25 gestational weeks; range 22–27): 11 developed NEC and 29 did not (controls). In each infant, 189 inflammatory, oncological, and vascular proteomic biomarkers were quantified through Proximity Extension Assay. Biomarker expression and clinical data were compared between the NEC group and Controls. Based on biomarker differences, controls were sorted automatically into three subgroups (1, 2, and 3) by a two-dimensional hierarchical clustering analysis.Results: None of the biomarkers differed in expression between all controls and the NEC group. Two biomarkers were higher in Control 1, and 16 biomarkers were lower in Control group 2 compared with the NEC group. No biomarker distinguished Control 3 from the NEC group. Perinatal data were similar in the whole population.Conclusions: Early postnatal comprehensive biomarkers do not identify EPIs at risk of developing NEC in our study. Future studies of predictors of NEC should include sequential analysis of comprehensive proteomic markers in large cohorts.
Research Trends and Collaboration Patterns on Polymyxin Resistance: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010–2019)
Authors: Quincho-Lopez Alvaro , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel 
Published: October 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem that has become a global threat. Special attention should be given to polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) which, since their reintroduction into clinical practice, are considered “last resort” drugs. The objective of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific research on polymyxin resistance.Methods: Scopus was used to retrieve documents relevant to polymyxin resistance from 2010 to 2019. Data was exported to Microsoft Excel for table presentation. SciVal was used for volume and citation analysis as well as collaboration patterns. Also, we extracted data regarding the top documents, authors, countries, institutions, and the metrics of journals. VantagePoint and VOSviewer were used for geographical distribution of worldwide research and keyword co-occurrence analysis, respectively.Results: A total of 1,409 documents were retrieved. The retrieved documents received 25.0 citations per document. Articles (73.88%) and letters (18.09%) were the most frequent types of documents. During 2010–2019, there was a significant growth in publications (p-value &lt; 0.001). The received citations were 35,209 with a peak in 2016 (11,250 citations). China and the United States led the scientific production with 299 (21.2%) and 238 (16.9%) publications, respectively. Little or no contribution came from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Chinese institutions have caused the greatest impact, with University of Zhejiang (China) being the most prolific institution on the subject (88 documents). In terms of the most productive journals, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ranked first with 196 (13.9%) documents. Most of the documents were published in quartile one journals and only had national collaboration (43.2%). Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that research on polymyxin resistance during the last decade has focused on its relationship with public health, pharmacology, and genetics.Conclusion: The number of documents on polymyxin resistance has increased significantly in the recent years, with a steep growth from 2016 onwards. China and the United States led the scientific production. Most of the documents were published in high-quality journals. Greater joint efforts and more contribution from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America are still needed to tackle this global problem.
Effects of Different Levels of Variability and Pressure Support Ventilation on Lung Function in Patients With Mild–Moderate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ball Lorenzo , Sutherasan Yuda , Fiorito Martina , Dall'Orto Antonella , Maiello Lorenzo , Vargas Maria , Robba Chiara , Brunetti Iole , D'Antini Davide , Raimondo Pasquale , Huhle Robert , Schultz Marcus J. , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: October 2021

Background: Variable pressure support ventilation (vPSV) is an assisted ventilation mode that varies the level of pressure support on a breath-by-breath basis to restore the physiological variability of breathing activity. We aimed to compare the effects of vPSV at different levels of variability and pressure support (ΔPS) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods: This study was a crossover randomized clinical trial. We included patients with mild to moderate ARDS already ventilated in conventional pressure support ventilation (PSV). The study consisted of two blocks of interventions, and variability during vPSV was set as the coefficient of variation of the ΔPS level. In the first block, the effects of three levels of variability were tested at constant ΔPS: 0% (PSV0%, conventional PSV), 15% (vPSV15%), and 30% (vPSV30%). In the second block, two levels of variability (0% and variability set to achieve ±5 cmH2O variability) were tested at two ΔPS levels (baseline ΔPS and ΔPS reduced by 5 cmH2O from baseline). The following four ventilation strategies were tested in the second block: PSV with baseline ΔPS and 0% variability (PSVBL) or ±5 cmH2O variability (vPSVBL), PSV with ΔPS reduced by 5 cmH2O and 0% variability (PSV−5) or ±5 cmH2O variability (vPSV−5). Outcomes included gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and patient-ventilator asynchronies.Results: The study enrolled 20 patients. In the first block of interventions, oxygenation and respiratory mechanics parameters did not differ between vPSV15% and vPSV30% compared with PSV0%. The variability of tidal volume (VT) was higher with vPSV15% and vPSV30% compared with PSV0%. The incidence of asynchronies and the variability of transpulmonary pressure (PL) were higher with vPSV30% compared with PSV0%. In the second block of interventions, different levels of pressure support with and without variability did not change oxygenation. The variability of VT and PL was higher with vPSV−5 compared with PSV−5, but not with vPSVBL compared with PSVBL.Conclusion: In patients with mild-moderate ARDS, the addition of variability did not improve oxygenation at different pressure support levels. Moreover, high variability levels were associated with worse patient-ventilator synchrony.Clinical Trial Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01683669.
Community Participation and Subjective Wellbeing: Mediating Roles of Basic Psychological Needs Among Chinese Retirees
Authors: Chen Lanshuang , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Participation in various social organizations, including community organizations, has become an important part of later year. The current study examined the effects of community participation on subjective wellbeing (SWB) and mediating mechanisms among retired residents. Specifically, this study attempts to explain the link between community participation and SWB from the perspective of basic psychological needs (BPN).Methods: A total of 1,458 community-dwelling retirees aged ≥50years in China participated in this study. A self-developed questionnaire measured the general levels of community participation. BPN were assessed with the BPN Scale. SWB was represented by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect.Results: Community participation positively predicted one’s SWB. Specifically, retirees with a higher levels of community participation often indicated higher life satisfaction and positive affect, and lower negative affect. Three BPN, which consist of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, mediated the effect of community participation on SWB, respectively, after controlling for some main demographic and socioeconomic factors.Conclusion: The BPN perspective provides a comprehensive explanation for understanding the link between community participation and SWB. Policymakers should consider the role of community participation when developing measures to improve retirees’ quality of life.
Longitudinal Association Between Cognition and Depression in Patients With Late-Life Depression: A Cross-Lagged Design Study
Authors: Wu Zhangying , Zhong Xiaomei , Peng Qi , Chen Ben , Zhang Min , Zhou Huarong , Mai Naikeng , Huang Xingxiao , Ning Yuping 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Although previous studies have extensively confirmed the cross-sectional relationship between cognitive impairment and depression in depressed elderly patients, the findings of their longitudinal associations are still mixed. The purpose of this study was to explore the two-way causal relationship between depression symptoms and cognition in patients with late-life depression (LLD).Methods: A total of 90 patients with LLD were assessed across two time points (baseline and 1-year follow up) on measures of 3 aspects of cognition and depressive symptoms. The data were then fitted to a structural equation model to examine two cross-lagged effects.Results: Depressive symptoms predicted a decline in executive function (β = 0.864, p = 0.049) but not vice versa. Moreover, depressive symptoms were predicted by a decline in scores of working memory test (β = −0.406, p = 0.023), respectively. None of the relationships between the two factors was bidirectional.Conclusion: These results provide robust evidence that the relationship between cognition and depressive symptoms is unidirectional. Depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. The decrease of information processing speed predicts depressive symptoms.
Systematic Review of Functional MRI Applications for Psychiatric Disease Subtyping
Authors: Miranda Lucas , Paul Riya , Pütz Benno , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Müller-Myhsok Bertram 
Published: October 2021

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been historically classified using symptom information alone. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in research interest not only in identifying the mechanisms underlying defined pathologies but also in redefining their etiology. This is particularly relevant for the field of personalized medicine, which searches for data-driven approaches to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection for individual patients.Methods: This review aims to provide a high-level overview of the rapidly growing field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the perspective of unsupervised machine learning applications for disease subtyping. Following the PRISMA guidelines for protocol reproducibility, we searched the PubMed database for articles describing functional MRI applications used to obtain, interpret, or validate psychiatric disease subtypes. We also employed the active learning framework ASReview to prioritize publications in a machine learning-guided way.Results: From the 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, five used functional MRI data to interpret symptom-derived disease clusters, four used it to interpret clusters derived from biomarker data other than fMRI itself, and 11 applied clustering techniques involving fMRI directly. Major depression disorder and schizophrenia were the two most frequently studied pathologies (35% and 30% of the retrieved studies, respectively), followed by ADHD (15%), psychosis as a whole (10%), autism disorder (5%), and the consequences of early exposure to violence (5%).Conclusions: The increased interest in personalized medicine and data-driven disease subtyping also extends to psychiatric disorders. However, to date, this subfield is at an incipient exploratory stage, and all retrieved studies were mostly proofs of principle where further validation and increased sample sizes are craved for. Whereas results for all explored diseases are inconsistent, we believe this reflects the need for concerted, multisite data collection efforts with a strong focus on measuring the generalizability of results. Finally, whereas functional MRI is the best way of measuring brain function available to date, its low signal-to-noise ratio and elevated monetary cost make it a poor clinical alternative. Even with technology progressing and costs decreasing, this might incentivize the search for more accessible, clinically ready functional proxies in the future.
Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and Quality of Life Assessment of Poles—A Study Covering Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Bogudzińska Bogna , Kowalski Krzysztof , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

Background: More than a year after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) viral pneumonia, the world is still engulfed by the pandemic, and we know that this condition has an enormous impact not only on individuals but also on the social order in virtually every aspect of daily life, deteriorating our mental health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the subjective assessment of the quality of life in the different stages of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic based on a nationwide online survey.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using an original questionnaire assessing the sociodemographic status and standardized psychometric tools: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). The study was conducted in two stages corresponding to the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In total, 4,083 respondents participated in the survey. The first observation stage took place between 17 and 26 April 2020 and comprised 2,457 respondents; the repeated survey that took place between 1 and 30 December 2020 comprised 1,626 respondents. In both cases, women constituted the majority of respondents (82.5% in the first stage and 79.6% in the second stage). Statistically significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety were found in second stage, with mean scores of BDI and GAD-7. In the case of MANSA, participants in the different stages of the pandemic showed no significant differences in terms of mean scores. However, women were more susceptible to developing the depression and anxiety symptoms and it was obtained in both waves of the pandemicConclusions: As the Covid-19 pandemic progressed, there was higher level of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Poles.
Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Chinese Adolescents With and Without Major Depressive Disorder: A Horizontal and Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Ding Fengjiao , Wang Xin , Cheng Chang , He Jiayue , Zhao Haofei , Wu Daxing , Yao Shuqiao 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and posited nine-factor structure of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C) in high school students and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), including assessment of measurement invariance of CERQ-C and its subscales across gender, time, and presence of depression.Methods: Chinese high school students from Hunan Province (N = 1,253) and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) from the Medical Psychological Institute outpatient clinic at The Second Xiangya Hospital (N = 205) were enrolled. We examined the reliability, and model fit of the CERQ-C. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test measurement invariance of the subscales across gender, time, and presence of depression.Results: The CERQ-C subscales showed good internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability in high school students and excellent internal consistency in adolescents with MDD group. The nine-factor model yielded adequate fit indices in different samples. Multigroup CFA confirmed that CERQ-C is strongly equivalent across gender, time, and presence of depression.Conclusions: The CERQ-C is a valid, reliable, and stable instrument for the evaluation of the cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies for different samples, including high school students and adolescents with MDD. The horizontal and longitudinal equivalences are strongly established.
Sexual Minority Orientation Is Associated With Greater Psychological Impact Due to the COVID-19 Crisis—Evidence From a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Young Swiss Men
Authors: Marmet Simon , Wicki Matthias , Gmel Gerhard , Gachoud Céline , Bertholet Nicolas , Studer Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its countermeasures may have had a significant impact on the psychological well-being of specific population subgroups. The present study investigated whether sexual minority men (defined here as attracted partly or exclusively to men) from an ongoing cohort study of young Swiss men experienced different psychological impacts, levels of substance use and addictive behaviors, and to which degree pre-existing vulnerabilities and participants experiences during the crisis might explain these differences.Methods: An ongoing cohort sample based on the general population of young Swiss men (mean age = 29.07 years; SD = 1.27) was assessed before and during the COVID-19 crisis for depression, stress, sleep quality, substance use and addictive behaviors. Additionally, during the crisis, we assessed its impact in form of fear, isolation and traumatic experiences. Potential associations between these outcomes and sexual orientation (sexual minority vs. heterosexual) were tested using linear regression models. It was additionally estimated to which degree these associations were attenuated if adjusted for differences in mental health, personality and socioeconomic status before the crisis, as well as the experience of the COVID-19 crisis (infection with the virus and changes to work situation).Results: Compared to heterosexual men, sexual minority men showed higher levels of psychological trauma (b = 0.37 [0.25, 0.49]), fear (b = 0.18 [0.06, 0.30]) and isolation (b = 0.32 [0.20, 0.44]) due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as higher levels of depression (b = 0.31 [0.20, 0.41]) and lower sleep quality (b = −0.13 [−0.24, −0.02]) during the crisis. These differences were to a large degree explained by higher pre-crisis levels of mental health problems and the personality dimension of neuroticism-anxiety. Sexual minority men showed higher overall levels of substance use and addictive behaviors, but these differences were already present before the crisis.Conclusion: The COVID-19 crisis may have worsened pre-existing vulnerabilities in sexual minority men, leading to its greater psychological impact on them than on heterosexual men. Reducing minority stress due to sexual orientation may help not only to improve mental health among important proportions of the population but also to reduce their vulnerability to crises. Services offering psychological support to sexual minorities may need to be reinforced during crises.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Accompanied by Cartoon Video Preoperation for Reducing Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Chu Liyan , Wang Yue , Wang Shanshan , Su Shaofei , Guo Zhixing , Wang Guyan 
Published: October 2021

Background: After general anesthesia, many pediatric patients present with emergence delirium (ED). The aim of this study was to determine whether dexmedetomidine intranasal premedication accompanied by a cartoon video 30 min before general anesthesia would have an effect on reducing emergence delirium in preschool children.Methods: One hundred and forty children aged 3–6 year undergoing elective strabismus surgery were randomly to be premedicated with 2 μg kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine accompanied by the viewing of a cartoon video (Group DV) or without any premedication as usual (Group C). The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence delirium at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), evaluated by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The secondary outcomes included: the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) upon separation from parents; the Induction Compliance Checklist score (ICC); the PACU discharge time; the parental satisfaction score; the incidences of the side effects and the Post-Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) score during the first day after surgery.Results: The incidence of emergence agitation (PAED score ≥ 10) was reduced in Group DV compared with Group C [8 (11.4%) vs. 24 (34.3%); P = 0.001]. None of the patients in the DV group experienced severe emergence agitation (PAED score ≥ 15), as compared with the C group (P = 0.006). The mYPAS score upon separation from parents (P &lt; 0.001) and the incidence of poor coordination (ICC ≥ 4) during induction (P &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in Group DV than in Group C. In Group DV, the PACU discharge time was longer (P &lt; 0.001), and the parental satisfaction score was higher (P &lt; 0.001). However, during the first day after surgery, the PHBQ score was lower in Group DV compared with Group C (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Premedication with 2 μg kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine accompanied by cartoon video viewing can dramatically reduce emergence delirium in preschool children undergoing strabismus surgery, relieve preoperative anxiety and improve the parental satisfaction and the postoperative behavior changes during the first day after surgery.Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2000030678.