bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improve teaching with modalities and collaborative groups in an LMS: an analysis of monitoring using visualisation techniques
Authors: Sáiz-Manzanares María Consuelo , Marticorena-Sánchez Raúl , Rodríguez-Díez Juan José , Rodríguez-Arribas Sandra , Díez-Pastor José Francisco , Ji Yi Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonitoring students in Learning Management Systems (LMS) throughout the teaching–learning process has been shown to be a very effective technique for detecting students at risk. Likewise, the teaching style in the LMS conditions, the type of student behaviours on the platform and the learning outcomes. The main objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of three teaching modalities (all using Online Project-based Learning -OPBL- and Flipped Classroom experiences and differing in the use of virtual laboratories and Intelligent Personal Assistant -IPA-) on Moodle behaviour and student performance taking into account the covariate "collaborative group". Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. With regard to the quantitative analysis, differences were found in student behaviour in Moodle and in learning outcomes, with respect to teaching modalities that included virtual laboratories. Similarly, the qualitative study also analysed the behaviour patterns found in each collaborative group in the three teaching modalities studied. The results indicate that the collaborative group homogenises the learning outcomes, but not the behaviour pattern of each member. Future research will address the analysis of collaborative behaviour in LMSs according to different variables (motivation and metacognitive strategies in students, number of members, interactions between students and teacher in the LMS, etc.).
Microstructure refinement-homogenization and flexural strength improvement of Al2O3 ceramics fabricated by DLP-stereolithography integrated with chemical precipitation coating process
Authors: Nie Guanglin , Li Yehua , Sheng Pengfei , Zuo Fei , Wu Haolin , Liu Leiren , Deng Xin , Bao Yiwang , Wu Shanghua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the chemical precipitation coating (CP) process was creatively integrated with DLP-stereolithography based 3D printing for refining and homogenizing the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic. Based on this novel approach, Al2O3 powder was coated with a homogeneous layer of amorphous Y2O3, with the coated Al2O3 powder found to make the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic more uniform and refined, as compared with the conventional mechanical mixing (MM) of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. The grain size of Al2O3 in Sample CP is 64.44% and 51.43% lower than those in the monolithic Al2O3 ceramic and Sample MM, respectively. Sample CP has the highest flexural strength of 455.37±32.17 MPa, which is 14.85% and 25.45% higher than those of Samples MM and AL, respectively; also Sample CP has the highest Weibull modulus of 16.88 among the three kinds of samples. Moreover, the fine grained Sample CP has a close thermal conductivity to the coarse grained Sample MM because of the changes in morphology of Y3Al5O12 phase from semi-connected (Sample MM) to isolated (Sample CP). Finally, specially designed fin-type Al2O3 ceramic heat sinks were successfully fabricated via the novel integrated process, which has been proven to be an effective method for fabricating complex-shaped Al2O3 ceramic components with enhanced flexural strength and reliability.
Closeness to friends explains age differences in positive emotional experience during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cavallini Elena , Rosi Alessia , van Vugt Floris Tijmen , Ceccato Irene , Rapisarda Filippo , Vallarino Martine , Ronchi Luca , Vecchi Tomaso , Lecce Serena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies on age differences in emotional states during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that older adults experienced greater emotional wellbeing compared to younger adults. We hypothesized these age differences to be related to the perception of closeness to family/friends or the engagement in daily activities during the pandemic.

Aim
To investigate age differences in positive and negative emotional experiences and whether the perception of closeness to family/friends and the engagement in daily activities during pandemic explained such age-related differences.

Methods
Through a cross-sectional study, 1,457 adults aged 18–87 years old completed an online survey assessing positive and negative emotional experiences, the perception of more closeness to family/friends, and daily activities that participants started/re-started during the pandemic.

Results
Increasing age was associated with more positive and less negative emotional experiences. Age differences in positive emotional experience were explained by the perception of more closeness to friends and not by the engagement in daily activities. For negative emotional experience age, differences remained significant even after accounting for the perception of closeness to family/friends and engagements in daily activities.

Discussion
Older adults’ greater overall level of positive emotional experience was explained by their greater perception of more closeness to friends. We speculate that social closeness provides a coping mechanism to increase emotional wellbeing employed especially in older adults.

Conclusion
Our findings reinforce the link between perceived social closeness and emotional wellbeing especially in older adults. To cope with stressful situation, it is important to encourage older adults to increase the closeness to their social network.
Experimental and modelling study of interaction between friction and galling under contact load change conditions
Authors: Yang Xiao , Hu Yiran , Zhang Lemeng , Zheng Yang , Politis Denis J. , Liu Xiaochuan , Wang Li-liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe galling process remains one of the least understood phenomena in metal forming. The transfer of material from a work-piece onto the tool surface can cause an evolutionary increase in friction coefficient (COF) and thus the use of a constant COF in finite element (FE) simulations leads to progressively inaccurate results. For an aluminium work-piece, material transfer, which has history and pressure dependency, is determined by a dynamic balance between the generation and ejection of wear particles acting as a ‘third body’ abrasive element at the contact interface. To address this dynamic interactive phenomenon, pin-on-disc tests between AA6082 and G3500 were performed under step load change conditions. The COF evolutions, morphologies of the transfer layer and its cross-section were studied. It has been found that contact load change will disequilibrate and rebuild the dynamic balance and high load will increase the generation and ejection rate of third body andvice versa. Moreover, based on the experimental results, an interactive model was developed and presented to simulate the dynamic formation process of the aluminium third body layer under load change conditions, enabling multi-cycle simulations to model the galling distribution and friction variation.
Complex T-spherical fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators and their applications in multiple-criteria decision-making
Authors: Karaaslan Faruk , Dawood Mohammed Allaw Dawood 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComplex fuzzy (CF) sets (CFSs) have a significant role in modelling the problems involving two-dimensional information. Recently, the extensions of CFSs have gained the attention of researchers studying decision-making methods. The complex T-spherical fuzzy set (CTSFS) is an extension of the CFSs introduced in the last times. In this paper, we introduce the Dombi operations on CTSFSs. Based on Dombi operators, we define some aggregation operators, including complex T-spherical Dombi fuzzy weighted arithmetic averaging (CTSDFWAA) operator, complex T-spherical Dombi fuzzy weighted geometric averaging (CTSDFWGA) operator, complex T-spherical Dombi fuzzy ordered weighted arithmetic averaging (CTSDFOWAA) operator, complex T-spherical Dombi fuzzy ordered weighted geometric averaging (CTSDFOWGA) operator, and we obtain some of their properties. In addition, we develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under the CTSF environment and present an algorithm for the proposed method. To show the process of the proposed method, we present an example related to diagnosing the COVID-19. Besides this, we present a sensitivity analysis to reveal the advantages and restrictions of our method.
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor D from kuruma shrimp exhibits antiviral activity
Authors: Jiang Hai-Shan , Lv Li-Xia , Wang Jin-Xing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) exhibit a potent antimicrobial activity against a broad range of bacteria, filamentous fungi, and viruses. In previous reports, seven groups of ALFs (groups A–G) were identified in penaeid shrimp. Among them, group D showed negative net charges and weak antimicrobial activity. Whether this group has antiviral function is not clear. In this study, the ALF sequences of penaeid shrimp were analyzed, and eight groups of ALF family (groups A–H) were identified. The four ALFs including MjALF-C2, MjALF-D1, MjALF-D2, and MjALF-E2 from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus were expressed recombinantly in Escherichia coli, and the antiviral activity was screened via injection of purified recombinant ALFs into shrimp following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Results showed that the expression of Vp28 (WSSV envelope protein) decreased significantly in the MjALF-D2-injected shrimp only. Therefore, MjALF-D2 was chosen for further study. Expression pattern analysis showed that MjAlf-D2 was upregulated in shrimp challenged by WSSV. The WSSV replication was detected in RNA, genomic DNA, and protein levels using VP28 and Ie1 (immediate-early gene of WSSV) as indicators in MjALF-D2-injected shrimp following WSSV infection. Results showed that WSSV replication was significantly inhibited compared with that in the rTRX- or PBS-injected control groups. After knockdown of MjAlf-D2 in shrimp by RNA interference, the WSSV replication increased significantly in the shrimp. All these results suggested that MjALF-D2 has an antiviral function in shrimp immunity, and the recombinant ALF-D2 has a potential application for viral disease control in shrimp aquaculture.
How data governance technologies can democratize data sharing for community well-being
Authors: Wu Dan , Verhulst Stefaan G. , Pentland Alex , Avila Thiago , Finch Kelsey , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Data sharing efforts to allow underserved groups and organizations to overcome the concentration of power in our data landscape. A few special organizations, due to their data monopolies and resources, are able to decide which problems to solve and how to solve them. But even though data sharing creates a counterbalancing democratizing force, it must nevertheless be approached cautiously. Underserved organizations and groups must navigate difficult barriers related to technological complexity and legal risk. To examine what those common barriers are, one type of data sharing effort—data trusts—are examined, specifically the reports commenting on that effort. To address these practical issues, data governance technologies have a large role to play in democratizing data trusts safely and in a trustworthy manner. Yet technology is far from a silver bullet. It is dangerous to rely upon it. But technology that is no-code, flexible, and secure can help more responsibly operate data trusts. This type of technology helps innovators put relationships at the center of their efforts.
Toddlers raised in multi-dialectal families learn words better in accented speech than those raised in monodialectal families
Authors: KARTUSHINA Natalia , ROSSLUND Audun , MAYOR Julien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMulti-accent environments offer rich but inconsistent language input, as words are produced differently across accents. The current study examined, in two experiments, whether multi-accent variability affects infants’ ability to learn words and whether toddlers’ prior experience with accents modulates learning. In Experiment 1, two-and-a-half-year-old Norwegian toddlers were exposed, in their kindergarten, twice per day for one week, to a child-friendly audiovisual tablet-based e-book containing four novel pseudowords. Half of the toddlers heard the story in three Norwegian accents, whereas the other half heard it in one Norwegian accent. The results revealed no differences between conditions, suggesting that multi-accent variability did not hinder toddlers’ word learning. In experiment 2, two-and-a-half-year-old Norwegian toddlers were exposed, in their homes, for one week, to the e-book featuring three Norwegian accents. The results revealed overall better learning in toddlers raised in bi-dialectal households, as compared to mono-dialectal peers – suggesting that accent exposure benefits learning in multi-accent environments.
Quantifying Surface‐Height Change Over a Periglacial Environment With ICESat‐2 Laser Altimetry
Authors: Michaelides R. J. , Bryant M. B. , Siegfried M. R. , Borsa A. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat‐2) laser altimetry crossovers and repeat tracks collected over the North Slope of Alaska to estimate ground surface‐height change due to the seasonal freezing and thawing of the active layer. We compare these measurements to a time series of surface deformation from Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and demonstrate agreement between these independent observations of surface deformation at broad spatial scales. We observe a relationship between ICESat‐2‐derived surface subsidence/uplift and changes in normalized accumulated degree days, which is consistent with the thermodynamically driven seasonal freezing and thawing of the active layer. Integrating ICESat‐2 crossover estimates of surface‐height change yields an annual time series of surface‐height change that is sensitive to changes in snow cover during spring and thawing of the active layer throughout spring and summer. Furthermore, this time series exhibits temporal correlation with independent reanalysis datasets of temperature and snow cover, as well as an InSAR‐derived time series. ICESat‐2‐derived surface‐height change estimates can be significantly affected by short length‐scale topographic gradients and changes in snow cover and snow depth. We discuss optimal strategies of post‐processing ICESat‐2 data for permafrost applications, as well as the future potential of joint ICESat‐2 and InSAR investigations of permafrost surface‐dynamics.
Biotic and Isotopic Vestiges of Oligotrophy on Continental Shelves During Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Authors: Dubicka Zofia , Bojanowski Maciej , Peryt Danuta , Barski Marcin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe widespread expansion of the oxygen minimum zone onto shelves has been commonly regarded as a primary cause of benthos extinction in epicratonic sea ecosystems during the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event (CTBE). However, neither lithology, geochemical proxies, nor micropaleontological data support this hypothesis. Instead, our integrated foraminiferal and dinoflagellate cyst study, corroborated by δ13Corg and δ15Norg data, indicate that the biota were impacted by an abrupt shift to well oxygenated oligotrophic conditions and a collapse of primary productivity in the epicontinental Central European Basin. Because the event was concurrent with the development of extensive and extreme oceanic bottom water anoxia that reached the photic zone in oceanic settings, we infer that the biotic crisis in the shelf seas during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2), and possibly during other OAEs, was triggered by this anomalous nutrient cycling in Earth's oceans. This phenomenon was presumably associated with intensive denitrification combined with anammox activity in the deep “ammonium oceans,” which caused a significant loss of biologically reactive nitrogen from the ocean system. Impingement of ammonium‐rich anoxic waters on the photic zone resulted in primary productivity based primarily on ammonium assimilation, as recorded by strongly 15N‐depleted organic matter deposited in the oceans during the CTBE. We propose that, unlike in the oceanic settings, productivity in the well‐oxygenated, oligotrophic epicontinental seas was nitrate‐based, as evidenced by strongly 15N‐enriched organic matter deposited in the contemporaneous epicontinental sea. These very high δ15Norg values (>+5‰) were related to the spreading of shallow oceanic waters carrying 15N‐enriched nitrate onto epicontinental settings.
Variability in Sea Ice Melt Onset in the Arctic Northeast Passage: Seesaw of the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea
Authors: Liang Hongjie , Su Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIce/snow melt onset (MO) is critical timing for ice‐albedo positive feedback in the Arctic. For 1979–1998, the MO in the East Siberian Sea (ESS) occurred earlier than in the Laptev Sea (LS) for 12 of 20 years. However, for 1999–2018, the LS experienced significantly earlier MO than the ESS for 8 of 20 years. We referred to this phenomenon as the MO Seesaw (MOS) and quantified it by the MO difference between the LS and ESS. The MOS is more pronounced since 1999. For positive MOS, storm tracks in May are located south of the ESS and easterly wind prevails, resulting in higher surface air temperature and total‐column water vapor and, therefore, earlier MO in the ESS. For negative MOS, storm tracks are located southwest of the LS, and strong southerly/southwesterly winds bring warm air from coastal land toward the LS. When low pressure is centered over the Barents Sea in April, sea ice in the LS has driven away from the coasts, which increases the surface latent heat flux and humidifies the overlying atmosphere, and eventually leads to earlier MO in the LS. Both the local variables and the large‐scale atmospheric circulation indices were more related to the MOS for 1999–2018 than for 1979–1998.
Tracing Glacial Meltwater From the Greenland Ice Sheet to the Ocean Using Gliders
Authors: Hendry Katharine R. , Briggs Nathan , Henson Stephanie , Opher Jacob , Brearley James Alexander , Meredith Michael P. , Leng Melanie J. , Meire Lorenz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is experiencing significant mass loss and freshwater discharge at glacier fronts. The freshwater input from Greenland will impact the physical properties of adjacent coastal seas, including important regions of deep water formation and contribute to global sea level rise. However, the biogeochemical impact of increasing freshwater discharge from the GrIS is less well constrained. Here, we demonstrate the use of bio‐optical sensors on ocean gliders to track biogeochemical properties of meltwaters off southwest Greenland. Our results reveal that fresh, coastal waters, with an oxygen isotopic composition characteristic of glacial meltwater, are distinguished by a high optical backscatter and high levels of fluorescing dissolved organic matter (FDOM), representative of the overall colored dissolved organic matter pool. Reconstructions of geostrophic velocities are used to show that these particle and FDOM‐enriched coastal waters cross the strong boundary currents into the Labrador Sea. Meltwater input into the Labrador Sea is likely driven by mesoscale processes, such as eddy formation and local bathymetric steering, in addition to wind‐driven Ekman transport. Ocean gliders housing bio‐optical sensors can provide the high‐resolution observations of both dissolved and particulate glacially derived material that are needed to understand meltwater dispersal mechanisms and their sensitivity to future climatic change.
Water Mass Processes Between the South China Sea and the Western Pacific Through the Luzon Strait: Insights From Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Wu Junhui , Lao Qibin , Chen Fajin , Huang Chao , Zhang Shuwen , Wang Chao , Zhou Fengxia , Chen Chunqing , Zhou Xin , Lu Xuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA comprehensive, depth specific (near‐surface to 3,700 m) water isotope (δD and δ18O) data set of 237 water samples collected from 20 different locations from the Northwest Pacific through the Luzon Strait to the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) are used to clarify the deeper understanding of water mass processes using δ18O‐salinity (S) and δD‐δ18O relations. Our study reveals that the δD‐δ18O correlation has a low slope and the δ18O‐S correlation has a high slope, which are related to the intrusion of the Kuroshio water and the influence of the coastal current above 200 m on the NSCS, respectively. The isotope mixing model showed that 15% is from the Kuroshio water, 40% from the South China Sea (SCS) Tropical Water, and 45% from the coastal current for water above 200 m in the NSCS. In the intermediate layer (300–1,200 m), a significant δ18O‐S correlation was found at depths of 300–700 m on the NSCS side, but no correlation was found on the western Pacific side, suggesting that the mixing of the water masses of the South China Sea Intermediate Water and the North Pacific Intermediate Water mainly occurs at depth in the NSCS. In the deeper water (below 1,200 m), positive isotopic values were found at depths below 1,500 m, which refuted the previous knowledge that positive isotopic values only exist in the Luzon Strait at depths above 1,000 m, and the positive isotope water mass would flow with the Deep Pacific Water into the deeper water of the SCS.
Influence of living in the same home on biomonitored levels of consumer product chemicals
Authors: Dodson Robin E. , Setzer R. Woodrow , Spengler John D. , Brody Julia G. , Rudel Ruthann A. , Cedeño Laurent Jose Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Individuals living in the same home may share exposures from direct contact with sources or indirectly through contamination of the home environment.

Objective
We investigated the influence of sharing a home on urine levels of ten phenolic chemicals present in some consumer products.

Methods
We used data from Silent Spring Institute’s Detox Me Action Kit (DMAK), a crowdsourced biomonitoring program in the US. Of the 726 DMAK participants, 185 lived in the same home with one or more other DMAK participants (n = 137 pairs, up to six participants in a home). The concentration distributions included values below the detection limit so we used statistical methods that account for left-censored data, including non-parametric correlation estimation and hierarchical Bayesian regression models.

Results
Concentrations were significantly positively correlated between pair-members sharing a home for nine of the ten chemicals. Concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol were the most strongly correlated between pair-members (tau = 0.46), followed by benzophenone-3 (tau = 0.31) and bisphenol A (tau = 0.21). The relative contribution of personal product use reported product use of other household members (up to 5 others), and the residual contribution from a shared household, including exposures not asked about, varied by chemical. Paraben concentrations were largely influenced by personal behaviors whereas dichlorophenol and bisphenol concentrations were largely influenced by shared home exposures not related to reported behaviors.

Significance
Measuring the influence of personal and household practices on biomonitoring exposures helps pinpoint major sources of exposure and highlights chemical-specific intervention strategies to reduce them.