bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiropractic program changes facilitated by the European Council on Chiropractic Education Accreditation reports:
Authors: Peterson Cynthia K. , Miller Joyce , Humphreys B. Kim , Vall Ken 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The European Council on Chiropractic Education (ECCE) currently accredits 10 programs throughout Europe and South Africa. It is assumed that ECCE evaluation activities lead to changes to the chiropractic programs but no systematic evaluation as to whether this is true, and the extent of changes has previously been done. The purpose of this study was to obtain feedback from program heads as to whether ECCE evaluation reports facilitated changes/improvements to their programs and to identify their reported changes.

Methods
This was a mixed methods audit study using questionnaires with 2 sections. Closed statements requesting the degree of change to each section of the “Standards” based on ECCE evaluation reports (substantial, some, none) were analyzed using frequencies. Written responses identifying the specific changes made based on previous evaluation reports were evaluated independently by 3 researchers using a modified “thematic analysis” approach.

Results
All 10 accredited programs responded. Seven of the 10 programs (70%) reported “some” or “substantial” changes to ≥ 6 sections of the ECCE Standards. The most common section with reported changes was “Educational Program” (8 of 10). “Educational Resources” had the largest number of programs reporting “substantial changes” (4) and was the second most common section to have reported changes. The main themes identified emphasized changes in “infrastructure, equipment and faculty,” “increasing evidence-based practice,” and “instilling a research culture in faculty and students.”

Conclusion
ECCE accreditation processes facilitate changes to the chiropractic programs, particularly in the areas of improved infrastructure and faculty, research, and evidence-based practice.
Double‐skin house
Authors: Sato Makoto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, a project, which challenges the possibility of renovating wooden houses that are considered as valueless, is conducted. A 30‐year‐old used wooden house was cut in the middle and relocated by rotating the ridge on one side by 90° to secure two parking lots in parallel direction. A new façade with a depth of 45 cm, (termed as, "DOUBLE‐SKIN") was attached to control the line of sight from the exterior while incorporating the external environmental elements such as light and wind. This bold renovation increased the economic value of the used house and simultaneously reconstructed the relationship between the existing house and external environment.
Early life malnutrition and fluctuating asymmetry in the rat bony labyrinth
Authors: Ward Devin L. , Schroeder Lauren , Pomeroy Emma , Roy Jocelyn E. , Buck Laura T. , Stock Jay T. , Martin‐Gronert Malgorzata , Ozanne Susan E. , Silcox Mary T. , Viola T. Bence 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaternal malnutrition during gestation and lactation is known to have adverse effects on offspring. We evaluate the impact of maternal diet on offspring bony labyrinth morphology. The bony labyrinth develops early and is thought to be stable to protect vital sensory organs within. For these reasons, bony labyrinth morphology has been used extensively to assess locomotion, hearing function, and phylogeny in primates and numerous other taxa. While variation related to these parameters has been documented, there is still a component of intraspecific variation that is unexplained. Although the labyrinthine developmental window is small, it may provide the opportunity for developmental instability to produce corresponding shape differences, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry (FA). We hypothesized that (a) offspring with poor maternal diet would exhibit increased FA, but (b) no unilateral shape difference. To test these hypotheses, we used two groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus; Crl:WI[Han] strain), one control group and one group exposed to a isocaloric, protein‐restricted maternal diet during gestation and suckling. Individuals were sampled at weaning, sexual maturity, and old age. A Procrustes analysis of variance identified statistically significant FA in all diet‐age subgroups. No differences in level of FA were identified among the subgroups, rejecting our first hypothesis. A principal components analysis identified no unilateral shape differences, supporting our second hypothesis. These results indicate that bony labyrinth morphology is remarkably stable and likely protected from a poor maternal diet during development. In light of this result, other factors must be explored to explain intraspecific variation in labyrinthine shape.
Biomechanics of juvenile tyrannosaurid mandibles and their implications for bite force: Evolutionary biology
Authors: Rowe Andre J. , Snively Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe tyrannosaurids are among the most well‐studied dinosaurs described by science, and analysis of their feeding biomechanics allows for comparison between established tyrannosaurid genera and across ontogeny. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model and quantify the mechanical properties of the mandibles (lower jaws) of three tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids of different sizes. To increase evolutionary scope and context for 3D tyrannosaurine results, a broader sample of validated 2D mandible FEA enabled comparisons between ontogenetic stages of Tyrannosaurus rex and other large theropods. It was found that mandibles of small juvenile and large subadult tyrannosaurs experienced lower stress overall because muscle forces were relatively lower, but experienced greater simulated stresses at decreasing sizes when specimen muscle force is normalized. The strain on post‐dentary ligaments decreases stress and strain in the posterior region of the dentary and where teeth impacted food. Tension from the lateral insertion of the looping m. ventral pterygoid muscle increases compressive stress on the angular but may decrease anterior bending stress on the mandible. Low mid‐mandible bending stresses are congruent with ultra‐robust teeth and high anterior bite force in adult T. rex. Mandible strength increases with size through ontogeny in T. rex and phylogenetically among other tyrannosaurids, in addition to that tyrannosaurid mandibles exceed the mandible strength of other theropods at equivalent ramus length. These results may indicate separate predatory strategies used by juvenile and mature tyrannosaurids; juvenile tyrannosaurids lacked the bone‐crunching bite of adult specimens and hunted smaller prey, while adult tyrannosaurids fed on larger prey.
Improved Cycling Performance of High‐Nickel NMC by Dry Powder Coating with Nanostructured Fumed Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2: A Comparison
Authors: Herzog Marcel J. , Esken Daniel , Janek Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurface coating is an effective concept to protect layered cathode active materials (CAMs) in lithium ion batteries from detrimental side reactions. Dry powder coating is a fast and cost‐effective coating process, and here we transfer this coating approach from Al2O3 to nanostructured fumed TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings on the same NMC (Li[Ni,Mn,Co]O2) material. Using similar processing, this allows a direct comparison of the characteristics of the achieved coating layers and their influence on the cycling performance of high‐nickel NMC. The nanostructured small oxide aggregates result in a quite homogeneous coating layer with a certain porosity around each CAM particle. Significantly enhanced long‐term cycling stability is observed, with a trend of increasing stability in the series ZrO2<TiO2<Al2O3. Fumed Al2O3 and TiO2 coating layers prevent cathode particle cracking and disintegration successfully, while fumed ZrO2 only shows a moderate protection effect. Each coating material enhances the rate performance compared to uncoated NMC in the row TiO2<ZrO2<Al2O3. XPS measurements of cycled electrodes indicate a partial incorporation of lithium ions in the crystalline TiO2 and ZrO2 coating layers, contributing to the enhanced lithium‐ion transport across the CAM surface layer, as observed before for fumed γ‐Al2O3 coatings. Summarizing the results, the best overall cycling performance was achieved by coating high‐nickel NMC with fumed Al2O3, providing the highest rate capability and the best long‐term cycling stability.
Response to Salinity in Legume Species: An Insight on the Effects of Salt Stress during Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Tlahig Samir , Bellani Lorenza , Karmous Inès , Barbieri Francesco , Loumerem Mohamed , Muccifora Simonetta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe process of soil salinization and the preponderance of saline water sources all over the world represent one of the most harmful abiotic stress to plant growth. This pointed to the importance of obtaining plants which are tolerant or resistant to salt, considering that projection of climate change for the coming years indicate an increase in temperature and rain scarcity. In the current study, the effect of NaCl was investigated on germinating seeds of Lathyrus sativus L., Vicia sativa L., Vigna radiata L. R.Wilczek and Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., by combining physiological, biochemical, biostatistical and ultrastructural analyses. Our results revealed that germination was not influenced by high NaCl concentrations, while seedling growth was affected even at low NaCl concentrations, probably due to an alteration in water uptake and in organic matter biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic acids and flavonoids was registered in all species, which tended to cope with the increasing salt stress, allowing a response mechanism such as cytoplasm detoxification and cellular turgor maintenance. Besides, the ultrastructural analysis evidenced plasmolyzed cells close to cells with a normal ultrastructure with no appreciable differences among the species. This research deeply investigates the mechanism of salt‐stress response focusing on species never tested before for their possible tolerance to salinity.
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and early maladaptive schemas
Authors: Kiraz Seda , Sertçelik Sencan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to present the early maladaptive schemas in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study sample comprised 107 participants, including 55 adult ADHD and 52 healthy volunteers. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 32 years. Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM‐IV Axis I (SCID‐I) and Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM‐III‐R Disorders (SCID‐II) were applied to all participants and Diagnostic Interview for ADHD (DIVA) for ADHD group based on DSM‐5 criteria. The participants filled the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ‐S3), Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah RatingScale‐25 (WURS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). All maladaptive schemas were found to be statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group. As compatible with ADHD core symptoms, “Failure,” “Emotional Inhibition,” “Insufficient Self‐Control” and “Social Isolation” were the most seen maladaptive schemas in the ADHD group. “Approval Seeking,” “Entitlement/Grandiosity” and “Punitiveness” were found the weakest schemas in the ADHD group. This study besides supporting the theory of early maladaptive schemas suggests that identifying and modifying maladaptive schemas interventions based on specific schemas can be an important and useful method for psychotherapy in treatment of ADHD.
Lung injury in axolotl salamanders induces an organ‐wide proliferation response
Authors: Jensen Tyler B , Giunta Peter , Schultz Natalie Grace , Griffiths Jackson M , Duerr Timothy J , Kyeremateng Yaa , Wong Hilary , Adesina Adeleso , Monaghan James R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmbystoma mexicanum, the axolotl salamander, is a classic model organism used to study vertebrate regeneration. It is assumed that axolotls regenerate most tissues, but the exploration of lung regeneration has not been performed until now.ResultsUnlike the blastema‐based response used during appendage regeneration, lung amputation led to organ‐wide proliferation. Pneumocytes and mesenchymal cells responded to injury by increased proliferation throughout the injured lung, which led to a recovery in lung mass and morphology by 56 days post‐amputation. Receptors associated with the Neuregulin signaling pathway were upregulated at one and 3 weeks post lung amputation. We show expression of the ligand, neuregulin, in the I/X cranial nerve that innervates the lung and cells within the lung. Supplemental administration of Neuregulin peptide induced widespread proliferation in the lung similar to an injury response, suggesting that neuregulin signaling may play a significant role during lung regeneration.ConclusionOur study characterizes axolotl lung regeneration. We show that the lung responds to injury by an organ‐wide proliferative response of multiple cell types, including pneumocytes, to recover lung mass.
Enabled/VASP is required to mediate proper sealing of opposing cardioblasts during Drosophila dorsal vessel formation
Authors: King Tiffany R. , Kramer Joseph , Cheng Yi‐Shan , Swope David , Kramer Sunita G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Drosophila dorsal vessel (DV) is comprised of two opposing rows of cardioblasts (CBs) that migrate toward the dorsal midline during development. While approaching the midline, CBs change shape, enabling dorsal and ventral attachments with their contralateral partners to create a linear tube with a central lumen. We previously demonstrated DV closure occurs via a “buttoning” mechanism where specific CBs advance ahead of their lateral neighbors, and attach creating transient holes, which eventually seal.ResultsHere, we investigate the role of the actin‐regulatory protein enabled (Ena) in DV closure. Loss of Ena results in DV cell shape and alignment defects. Live analysis of DV formation in ena mutants shows a reduction in CB leading edge protrusion length and gaps in the DV between contralateral CB pairs. These gaps occur primarily between a specific genetic subtype of CBs, which express the transcription factor seven‐up (Svp) and form the ostia inflow tracts of the heart. In WT embryos these gaps between Svp+ CBs are observed transiently during the final stages of DV closure.ConclusionsOur data suggest that Ena modulates the actin cytoskeleton in order to facilitate the complete sealing of the DV during the final stages of cardiac tube formation.
Association of liver fibrosis risk scores with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: findings from TOPCAT
Authors: Peters Anthony E. , Pandey Ambarish , Ayers Colby , Wegermann Kara , McGarrah Robert W. , Grodin Justin L. , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Bekfani Tarek , Blumer Vanessa , Diehl Anna Mae , Moylan Cynthia A. , Fudim Marat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease leads to progressive liver fibrosis and appears to be a frequent co‐morbid disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is well known that liver fibrosis severity predicts future liver‐related morbidity and mortality, but its impact on outcomes in patients with HFpEF remains unknown. This analysis aimed to describe the prevalence of liver fibrosis, as assessed using surrogate biomarkers, in patients with HFpEF and the association of such biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes in these patients.Methods and resultsPatients with HFpEF from TOPCAT Americas were included in the analysis. The non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) scores were calculated using a combination of clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters. Risk of advanced fibrosis was classified as low, intermediate, and high. For the 1423 with sufficient data, we used Cox regression analysis to test the association between the risk of fibrosis severity and the combined primary endpoint of all cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, and hospitalization for heart failure. Advanced fibrosis, as determined by high fibrosis scores, was present in 37.57% by the NFS and 8.02% by the FIB‐4. Higher risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis was associated with older age. In unadjusted models, the risk of advanced fibrosis was associated with the primary cardiovascular outcome [NFS high vs. low, hazard ratio (HR) 1.709 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.238–2.358, P = 0.0011) and FIB‐4 high vs. low, HR 1.561 (95% CI 1.139–2.140, P = 0.0056)]. After multivariable adjustment, this association was diminished [NFS high vs. low, HR 1.349 (95% CI 0.938–1.939, P = 0.1064) and FIB‐4 high vs. low, HR 1.415 (95% CI 0.995–2.010, P = 0.0531)].ConclusionsOur study suggests that advanced liver fibrosis, as estimated by fibrosis risk scores, may not be uncommon in patients with HFpEF, and there appears to be a limited independent association between liver fibrosis risk scores and clinical outcomes related to heart failure events.
Quantification of Lipidomics Profiling using UPLC‐QE‐HESI‐ Lipid Analysis on the Salted Duck Egg Incorporated with Clove Extract
Authors: Harlina Putri Widyanti , Ma Meihu , Shahzad Raheel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe salted egg yolks supplemented with clove extract are compared with the non‐supplemented group, and subsequently the lipidomics profiles are characterized and identified by UPLC‐QE‐MS/MS in positive and negative ion modes respectively. A total of 315 lipids are detected in the control group and the clove extract treated group. In the positive ion mode, the 10 subclasses of glycerolipids in the treated samples are significantly different (p < 0.05). The lipid types with most varied compositions are triglyceride and ceramides, followed by CerG1 (glucosylceramide), LPE (lyso‐phosphatidylethanolamine), diglyceride, and monosialodihexosyl ganglioside. In the negative ion mode, the authors identified 35 subclasses which are significantly different (p < 0.05), that include glycerolphospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and neutralglycosphingolipid. The lipid types with most varied compositions in negative mode are PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), followed by PC (phosphatidylcholine), LPC (lyso‐phosphatidylcholine), and GM3 (monosialo‐dihexosyl ganglioside). The contents of phosphatidylcholine, lyso‐phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and monosialo‐dihexosyl ganglioside in egg yolks treated with 0.5% (w/v) clove are significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05), in which phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the main components of glycerolphospholipid.Practical Application : The lipidomics analyses of the salted egg yolk added with and without clove extract are compared to reveal the beneficial effect of clove extracts on the lipid profiles, and further exploring the types and relative content of the lipid components. A total of 315 lipids are detected in all samples. In the positive ion mode, the 10 subclasses of glycerolipids are found to be significantly different in the treated samples. In the negative ion mode, the lipid content of 35 subclasses are significantly different. From the nutrition fact value, salted duck egg enriched with clove extract can serve as one of the alternative egg products rich in essential lipids.
Three‐Component Castagnoli‐Cushman Reaction of 3‐Arylglutaconic Acid Anhydrides, Carbonyl Compounds, and Ammonium Acetate: a Quick and Flexible Way to Assemble Polysubstituted NH‐δ‐lactams
Authors: Peshkov Anatoly A. , Bakulina Olga , Dar'in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Bannykh Anton , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA practical straightforward synthesis of medicinally important NH‐δ‐lactams through the three‐component Castagnoli‐Cushman reaction of 3‐arylglutaconic anhydrides with carbonyl compound and ammonium acetate has been developed. The scope of the protocol has been thoroughly explored paying particular attention to the carbonyl component using wide array of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes as well as rarely involved cyclic and acyclic ketones. Synthetic potential of prepared compounds was demonstrated by a series of post‐modifications, including unexpected isomerization.
Synthesis of Long‐Chain n‐Alkylphosphonic Acids by Phosphonylation of Alkyl Bromides with Red Phosphorus and Superbase under Micellar/Phase Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Kuimov Vladimir A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Belogorlova Natalia A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLong‐chain n‐Alkylphosphonic acids, AlkP(O)(OH)2, are synthesized in up to 91 % yield (mostly 40–60 %) by straightforward phosphonylation of alkyl bromides (AlkBr, Alk=C4–C18) with red phosphorus (Pn) in the multiphase KOH/H2O/toluene system in the presence of 2–10 mol % of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), acting as a micellar/phase transfer catalyst and as a generator/transporter of superbasic hydroxide anions, the intermediate potassium phosphinates being in situ oxidized/neutralized by nitric acid. The key steps of the phosphonylation mechanism are the P−P bond cleavage of Pn polymeric molecules by superbasic −OH anions, dissolved in the CTAB micelles, and phase transfer of polyphosphide anions to the organic phase and their alkylation with AlkBr.
A novel prognostic nomogram utilizing the 2018 FIGO staging system for cervical cancer: A large multicenter study
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Guo Chenyan , Liu Songping , Guo Jingjing , Hua Keqin , Qiu Junjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic performance of the revised 2018 FIGO staging system for cervical cancer.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study enrolled cervical cancer patients with 2009 FIGO Stage IA1–IIA2 who underwent surgeries between January 2006 and December 2017 in four tertiary hospitals. Patients were restaged according to the 2018 FIGO staging system by reviewing their medical data.ResultsOf 3238 cervical cancer patients included, 1841 (56.9%) patients were restaged: 641 (34.9%) due to tumor size, 544 (29.5%) due to lymph node metastasis, 614 (33.4%) due to the inconsistency between pre‐ and postoperative assessments, and 42 due to the cancellation of invasion width in Stage IA. After restaging, a clear tendency of decreased recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) with increasing stage was observed. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that 2018 FIGO stage, parametrial involvement, and histology were independent prognostic factors for both OS and RFS (P < 0.05). Based on these factors, we established predictive nomograms with c‐indexes of 0.735 and 0.721, showing good predictive ability for cervical cancer.ConclusionThe revised 2018 FIGO staging system can better reflect the survival of cervical cancer patients. Based on it, we established a nomogram that can predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients more precisely.