bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational investigation of deploying microtabs on airfoil wortmann FX63-137
Authors: Wiratama I K , Yudhyadi G N K , Sayoga M A , Ramdani M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Flow on the airfoil with deploying microtabs was performed to investigation aerodynamic performance airfoil modified with microtabs. Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation has already been conducted to study the effects of heights deploying tab to the aerodynamic performance characteristics of airfoil sections. The aim of this study was performed to determine the effect of tab heights under variations of angle of attack againt the behaviour of stall airfoil and determine the effect of tab heights on the lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD) on tab heights of 1.1% C, 2,2% C and 3.3% C for upper and lower surfaces airfoil. The angle of attach airfoil was from -4° to 32° with interval 20. From the results of CFD simulations showed that the addition of microtabs on the airfoil Wortmann FX63-137 for the lower surface had the effect of increasing the lift force and lift coefficient, the increase occurred consistently and stall occurred at an angle of 26° for tab heights of 1.1% C and 2,2%C while the tab height of 3.3% C a stall occurred at an angle of 20°. For upper surface, microtabs caused a decrease in lift force and stalls occurred at angle of 22° for all tab heights. The drag coefficient also increased under the increasing angle of attack with highest value was at tab height of 1.1% C of 2.542 and an angle of attack of 280, while on the lower surface the largest drag coefficient was at a tab height of 3.3% C of 2.73.
Viewing buoyant force as an application of principle of minimum potential energy
Authors: Sabaryati J , Utami L S , Hasanah A W , Viridi S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Principle of minimum potential energy (PMPE) as one of the fundamental concept in physics and engineering will be used in this work to explain the phenomenon of buoyancy, why object with lower mass density can float on fluid with higher mass density, while object with higher mass density can sink in fluid with lower mass density. Before that some examples in mecahnics, e.g. object with different vertical position, object on incline, object with spring moving in vertical direction, and final condition of seesaw-like system, will be discussed to show the consequence of PMPE. Then, in the system of solid object and fluid, including the surrounding fluid with the object and treat them as a whole object or system we can easily show that the floating or sinking phonomena are simply a state where system potential energy is miniumum (both object and fluid). For simplicity, the theoretical demonstration will only use the form of block, where the other form, e.g. cylinder, sphere, cone, irregular form, are the matter of geometry difficulty only. Students engagement to the topic has not been performed but the instrument is proposed for future work.
Synthesize of CdS nanoparticles using liquid-gas method
Authors: Suryajaya  , Habibah  , Husain S , Haryanti N H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized using Liquid-Gas method. After CdCl2 mixed with surfactant in liquid phase, the mixture was exposed to S2 gas from brimstone. The solution changes color to yellow which means that the CdS NPs semiconductor has been formed. It was approved by the blue-shifted of the absorption spectra of CdS colloid solution then the size (radius) of CdS NPs would be determined by using the Efros equation. The radius yielded was about 2 nm. FTIR result also confirmed the CdS bond at 509 cm−1.
Microstructure study of bismuth oxyiodide thin film prepared by SILAR dip coating
Authors: Abdul-Manaf N A , Azmi A H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bismuth Oxyiodide (BiOI) has been recognized as a suitable candidate of non-toxic material to replace lead in perovskite solar cells without reducing its performance. BiOI has been synthesized and deposited using modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) dip coating method at room temperature on the microscope glass, as a substrate. The microscope glass was dipped consecutively in 0.1M of bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate (BiNO3)2.5H2O diluted in nitric acid (HNO3) and 0.05M of potassium iodide (KI) in 50 ml deionized water. This process has been repeated for 30 times and finally the sample was dripped and dried in air. The sample was annealed at various annealing temperature from 350, 400, 425 and 450oC, for 1 hour. The physical observation, morphological and thickness of BiOI thin films have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and surface profiler, respectively. From the physical observation, the as deposited BiOI thin film shows a thick layer with dark orange colour. The colour of the film changed to the orange-yellow after annealed at 350oC for 1 hour. It was observed that the film become more yellowish with increasing annealing temperature. SEM images demonstrated that the BiOI thin films have flakes morphology structure with the grain sizes around 1μm. The flakes agglomerates and formed a flower platelet. The agglomeration increased with higher annealing temperature and finally shattered when the BiOI was annealed at 450oC.
Influences of low dose gamma radiation on hardness and microstructure properties of green solder joint
Authors: Yusoff W Y W , Lehan N F N M , Sobri N S , Ahmad K Z K , Jalar A , Rahman I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microelectronic packaging is frequently used in almost every application involving radiation-related industry. In the present work, the effect of the low dose gamma radiation on hardness and microstructural properties of Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder was explored using triboindenter test and optical microscope. The solder paste was placed onto the printed circuit board utilizing stencil printing method and reflow soldering process. The solder samples were exposed to the gamma irradiation with various low doses (from 5 to 25 Gy). Prior to indentation test, the sample undergoes the standard metallographic procedure. The hardness properties were determined through indentation test while the microstructureof the sample was observed using an optical microscope. In this study, indentation technique was used to understand the evolution of hardness properties of solder sample subjected to gamma radiation. The results show that the hardness increased after exposure to gamma radiation. However, the hardness decreased as the increment of radiation dose. Exposure to the gamma irradiation resulted the microstructure instability of solder joint which increases the intermetallic compound layer and reductionin the properties of hardness.
Studying of loss energy For Protons And alpha particle in the polymers C2H4, C12H22O2N2and C43H38O7
Authors: Hussien Ahlam Habeeb , Tarkhan Widad Hamza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research the electronic stopping power was calculated theoretically by use modified Bethe-Bloch theory(Bloch’s, Barkas and shell corrections). Protons and alpha particle loss energy were calculated in the polymers (C2H4, C12H22O2N2 and C43H38O7) at energy range of [0. 3-1000] MeV, The equations were programmed by using (MATLAB) language. The calculations were compared with the practical results of the SRIM 2013 There is some Simple difference between practical and theoretical results. the effect of Bloch is the highest in consistency with the practical results and the Shell correction and Barkas correction values are convergent, but they move away at the practical values from the beginning of the period to the range of approximately 10MeV.
Investigation on μ-opioid receptor in Sera of Iraqi Male addiction Tramadol or Methamphetamine
Authors: Sabah Rulla , Al-Kazazz Fatin F. , Al-Ameri Salam A.H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Iraq, Drug addiction especially on Methamphetamine, (Meth); common name Crystal, and Tramadol (Tra) has increased after the year 2003. It becomes a dangerous issue, due to their multi dangerous negative effects on the health, economic, social for human, finally, it causing death. The aim of the present study is too sought out and to investigate the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in Sera of Iraqi Male Addiction Tra or Meth. To do this, the work enrolled on 180 heavy smokers Iraqi male individuals at aged range 15-43 years (from January 2018 to December 2018) they were classified to 3 groups: G1 who were healthy control; G2 who was addicted on Meth with a dose ranged (1 - 5.0 gm for duration 1 -5 years); G3 who were addicted on Tra with an average dose (2 - 5.0 g) for duration 1 -5 years. The addiction individuals were admitted to Ibn-Rashid Hospital in Baghdad city to get the treatment. The MOR Concentration was determined by ELISA Technique while the drug level in the serum was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) in the level of MOR of the two addicted groups in comparison with the healthy group, especially those who addicted to Meth more than the others who addicted to Tra. Also the results also showed a strong negative correlation between MOR and dose (r = - 0.9022, - 0.8989) and duration of addiction (r = - 0.8989, - 0.8809) the serum of G2, G3 from the above results, The biochemical factor MOR can be used as a good marker to identify and follow up the addicted person.
Electrochemical Performance Enhancement Zinc Cobaltite-Reduced Graphene Oxide for Next Generation Energy Storage Applications
Authors: AbdAli Noor Hussien , Al-Rubaye Shaymaa Hadi , Rabee Bahaa H , Abass Kalid Haneen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, metal oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide based nanosheets have gained much attention because of their widespread applications in electrochemical energy storage devices, particularly in supercapacitors. Motivated by this, in the present study, zinc cobaltite-reduced graphene oxide ZnCo2O4-rGO (reduced graphene) nanoporous arrays were developed directly on a Ni foam piece by using a specific hydrothermal method, which is simple, cost-effective, and facile and followed by a process for annealing purpose. The nanocomposite of the as-prepared ZnCo2O4-rGO involves ZnCo2O4 wrapped in conducting rGO sheets in order to maintain short distance for the ion diffusion process, stable structural integrity, and pathways for percolating electron conducting. As a result, this nanocomposites displays an impressive overall electrochemical performance, such as a promising capacitance (1242 F g-1 )at a current density of 2 A g-1) and remarkable cycling stability (92% capacitance retention after 10000 charge-discharge cycles at 2 A g-1). The device showed highest energy density of ∼32W h kg−1 at a power density of 1252 W kg−1The feasible design presented in this paper delivers a good synergism between the ZnCo2O4 and rGO that providing superior electrochemical performance.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Studies of Cadmium (II) Complex Derived from Azo Ligand 2-[2\-(5-Bromo Thiazolyl) Azo]-5-Dimethyl Amino Benzoic Acid
Authors: Jaber Sudad A. , Kyhoiesh Hussein A. K. , Jawad Sajjad H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of the 2-[2\-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo]-5-di-methyl amino benzoic acid (5-BrTAMB) and Cd(II) coordinate complex. Diazotization by 2-amino-5-bromo thiazole and mixation by an alkaline alcohol solution of the 3-dimethyl amino benzoic acid. Various analytical techniques, including 1H-NMR, mass spectral, FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), measurement of electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, TGA, XRD data and SEM spectra support azo ligand structures and their metal complex. The ligand is the trident N, N, O donor and forms the ML2 [metal-ligand] stoichiometry complex. Cd(II)-complex is found to have exhibited octahedral geometry. The ligand and its metal complex were screened against A. Niger for their antifungal activity and antibacterial activity against S. Aurores and E. Coli.
Baer and Quasi-Baer Gamma Modules
Authors: Kamil Mubarak Mohammad , Al-Saadi Saad Abdulkadhim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the concept of (Quasi-) Baer Gamma Module, and as in the class of rings and modules, we provide that : (1) An Γ − ring
R is right nonsingular and right (FI-extending) extending if and only if R is (Quasi-) Baer and right cononsingular. (2) An R
Γ − Module
M is (FI-extending) extending and (FI-K-nonsingular) K-nonsingular if and only if M is (Quasi-) Baer and K-(FI-K-cononsingular) cononsingular. (3) Any direct summand of a (quasi-)Baer R
Γ-module is (Quasi-)Baer.(4) The endomorphism Γ − ring
S = End(M) of (Quasi) Baer R
Γ − Module
M is (Quasi) Baer.(5) If M be retractable R
Γ − Module. Then the endomorphism Γ − ring of M, S, is (Quasi-) Baer if and only if M is a (Quasi-) Baer. Furthermore, other results are introduced.
Using Trust Region Method with BFGS Technique for Solving Nonlinear Systems of Equations
Authors: Dwail Hasan H. , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The major aim of this paper is to find a solution for systems of non-linear equations, a new method is suggested by combining the trust region method (TRM) with BFGS technique, which will help us to find the solution of the non-linear system in less time and less effort, by using BFGS in a new equation based on [Xiangrong Li, Bopeng Wang & Wujie Hu]. Then the convergence of the new algorithm was provided and also calculate the numerical results. By comparing the suggested method with three other methods in terms of time, functions evaluation and number of iterations, the numerical result will tell us that our method is the best.
Prediction of Chemical Oxygen Demand from The Chemical Composition of Wastewater by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Saleh Basim Ahmed , Kayi Hakan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In our era, many technical applications are being used. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as one of the artificial intelligence tools have emerged to learn and discover a model of dynamic nonlinear. In this study, six input parameters were taken to predict the value of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the wastewater before and after the treatment at the North Gas Company/Kirkuk, by using the standard back propagation algorithm. The network was trained with the 150 data collected from the quality indices of the untreated and treated wastewater, such as total chloride ions Cl-, nitrate ions NO3
−, phosphate ions PO4
−3, sulfate ions SO4
−2, ammonia NH3, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) to predict one element, that is the COD. After properly training of the neural network, it was tested by using the test data, and the best results were selected by the consideration of the mean square error and the regression coefficient, where the best result appeared before wastewater treatment is 0.98235 and the best result after wastewater treatment is 0.99999. The findings of this study suggest that artificial neural networks are accurate and effective tools for predicting the COD values of treated wastewater.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Health Care Monitoring System Based on IoT
Authors: Abed N. J. , Hussein Ehab Abdulrazzaq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patient health monitoring is an important and rapidly growing field, nowadays with opportunities for advancing technologies; many researchers have come up with different designs for patient healthcare monitoring systems according to technological development. The proposed business plan consists of various devices such as web-based sensors or mobile-based applications that communicate over the network and make the system he builds to monitor and record patient medical data and health information more efficient. A health system has been designed consisting of sensors and monitoring devices capable of collecting medical data from patients and then transmitting them via the Internet to specialist doctors in order to accurately assess the patient’s health status. Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare is the most important part that provides better patient health monitoring and makes doctors and hospitals work better and less difficult. This scheme aims to develop an appropriate monitoring system that provides better medical service to patients as well as patients who live in remote areas where there are no hospitals close to their residential areas by connecting them via the Internet in order to collect data related to their health through devices capable of recording the patient’s heart rate and percentage Oxygen in the patient’s blood and temperature.
The Scientific Research Impediments According to The Viewpoint of Karbala University Academics
Authors: Mohammed Nibras Talib , Mohammed Enas Ali , Abutiheen Zinah A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Given the importance of scientific research, which has become very crucial in this era and an important task for the university professor. Scientific research has an advantage for the university professor in rising the annual evaluation degree and in promoting to a higher academic rank and many others. In addition, it contributes in increasing the degree of evaluation of the department in the faculty as well as growing a university rank. There are a number of obstacles facing the university professor on the personal level and on the organizational level. This study attempts to determine the type of obstacles that a university professor faces as a scientific researcher, and suggests effective solutions and recommendations that assist boosting the number of annual researches for the scientific researcher. A questionnaire was constructed, with a total of (24) items based on previous studies, divided into four dimensions approved for its construction on several available studies. This research presented a section of them. The questionnaire was applied to a random sample of (143) individuals, faculty members at the University of Karbala. The results indicated that highest average for the obstacles are the personal obstacles with a relative importance of 2.90, followed by the data-related obstacles with 2.5, then the administrative obstacles with 1.96 and the last financial obstacles with 1.40. Several strategies can be applied to develop scientific research. the results of the study indicated that the most important ways to develop it from the viewpoint of faculty members were to provide the necessary financial support to finance research procedures, provide financial rewards in exchange for publishing research, provide modern references, cooperation between colleagues of faculty members in conducting research Joint, the university’s participation in global databases, increasing cooperation between the university and the concerned authorities in scientific research (such as ministries, institutions, and companies).
Theoretical Properties of Ni2Ti alloys Studied :by Gaussian 09 Program
Authors: Taha Dukra Kamal , Hilal Israa Hadi , Jabbar Rashid Hashim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results obtained from theoretical calculations using the Gaussian 09 program using density functional (DFT) theory through calculated each of structural, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties such as Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and shear modulus from the elastic constants calculated for Ni2Ti. Also, that prepared these alloys and tested on people of both sexes to learn how important it is to improve orthodontic treatments and found that the results obtained in experimental and theoretical compatible to some extent.
Generalizing Uniform Distribution Using the Quantile Function
Authors: Hussein Sarmad Rahman , Al-Kadim Kareema Abad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A New Distribution in this paper was derived. The generalization of the uniform distribution using the quantile function of the T-X family depends on the reliability of the exponential distribution, then the quantile function reliability function. We studied the properties (moment s, some reliability analysis, moment generating function, quantile and median, order statistics, entropy). Then estimate the parameters using the maximum likelihood method.
The Bipolar-valued of Fuzzy Ideals on AT-algebra
Authors: Hameed Areej Tawfeeq , Ali Saba Hussein , Flayyih Rusul Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We introduced the bipolar-valued fuzzy subset to AT-algebras. We gave the concepts of bipolar fuzzy on AT-subalgebras, AT-ideals and strongly AT-ideals of AT-algebras and prove their generalization s. Furthermore, we discuss the relation between bipolar fuzzy of them.
Classical Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ali Aseel H. , Al Kanani Iden H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article the Exponentiated Weibull distribution with some of its properties is considered. Classical methods, Maximum likelihood estimator method, ordinary least squares estimator method and rank set sampling estimator method are proposed to estimate all the unknown parameters (β,Ψ,θ) of the distribution. Newton–Raphson method is used to solve the above three methods, simulation procedure is used to generated some sample sizes and finally mean squares error measure are used to compare between them. We find Maximum likelihood estimator method has the smallest mean square error.
New Programmatic OTP Algorithm
Authors: Kadum Sahar Adill , Kadum Jawad Shaimaa Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The huge improvement in the field of data innovation and the web presentation to a surge of infringement to go around and take data, the earnest requirement for the development of information assurance advancements and information encryption procedures. A new Programmatic OTP Algorithm using an unsystematic key generation for ciphering plaintext presented in this paper. This method, based on create randomly a number (n) called add number, where the plaintext characters converted to a binary form and splits into equal parts according to n value with 2n ciphering keys generated. The keys will be distributed on these parts to get ciphered text. Accordingly, one of these keys its generation number will be set for all different n’s. The different n’s occurred Consecutively to the number of characters consist the plain message unlike the traditional OTP algorithm. This method characterized by a facility that the same generated key can produce different ciphering text using 2n probability. The proposed methodology has been proved as perfect ciphering method compared with OTP using statistical tests
An Application Comparison of Two Negative Binomial Models on Rainfall Count Data
Authors: Hashim L. H. , Dreeb N. K. , Hashim K. H. , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Counts data models cope with the response variable counts, where the number of times that a certain event occurs in a fixed point is called count data, its observations consists of non-negative integers values {0,1,2,}. Due to the nature of the count data, it is generally considered that response variables do not follow normal distribution. Therefore, because of the skewed distribution, linear regression is not an effective method for analyzing counting results. And hence, the use of the linear regression model to analyse count data is likely to bias the outcomes, “Negative binomial regression” is likely to be the optimal model for analyzing count data under these limitations. Researchers may sometimes count more zeros than expected. Going to count data with several Zeros gives rise to the “Zero-inflation” concept. In health, marketing, finance, econometrics, ecology, statistical quality control, geographical and environmental fields, data with abundant zeros is common when counting the incidence of certain behavioural and natural events, such as the frequency of alcohol consumption, drug consumption, the amount of cigarettes smoked, the incidence of earthquakes, rainfall, etc. The Negative Binomial, “Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial” (ZINB), and “Zero-Altered Negative Binomial” (ZANB) models were used in this paper to analyse rainfall data.