bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism spectrum disorder and obstetric optimality: a twin study and meta‐analysis of sibling studies
Authors: Gómez‐Vallejo Sandra , Leoni Marguerite , Ronald Angelica , Colvert Emma , Happé Francesca , Bolton Patrick 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. Recent studies have suggested that its aetiology is also influenced by environmental factors. Some of the most examined environmental factors are obstetric complications. However, the results are inconsistent.MethodsWe aimed to explore the association between obstetric complications and autism in a population‐based twin sample using the Obstetric Enquiry Scale (OES), a scale that measures the presence or absence of pre‐, peri‐ and neonatal factors. Additionally, we report the meta‐analytic results for obstetrical factors reported in previously published sibling studies.ResultsOur study included 115 cases pairs and 62 controls pairs and showed that children with autism and their unaffected co‐twins present significantly more obstetric complications than controls (ASD vs. controls β 1.26, CI 95% 1.11–1.40 p < .001; unaffected co‐twin vs. controls β 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.36 p < .003). However, we did not find statistically significant differences between children with ASD and their unaffected co‐twins (β .96, 95% CI 0.85–1.09, p 0.55). Meta‐analysis demonstrated that maternal hypertension (RR 1.35, CI 95% 1.23–1.48), uterine bleeding (RR 1.20 CI 95% 1.01–1.42) and exposure to antibiotic during pregnancy (1.11 CI 95% 1.00–1.22) increase risk of ASD.ConclusionsThis study confirms that children with ASD and their unaffected twins show more obstetric complications than controls. However, these complications do not distinguish between ASD twins and their unaffected co‐twins. In addition, the meta‐analysis showed little influence of birth factors on ASD which suggests a shared familial liability for both obstetric complications and autism, rather than a causal association.
Studies on flow properties of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) flour for effective handling and storage strategies
Authors: Handu Sheetal , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Jan Shumaila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBengal gram flour is in great demand and has extensive application due to its nutritional, functional, and sensory properties. The study summarizes the characteristics and compared the flow behavior of two varieties of Bengal gram flour (P372 and P3043) with commercial Barik sample with respect to chemical composition, wettability, physical properties, shear properties, compressibility, and dynamic properties, along with particle size and shape. The result showed that the median particle size distribution of the Bengal gram flour samples ranged between 53.59 and 63.46 μm. More fine particles were found in commercial Barik sample (11.09 μm), and larger particles were found in P372 (118.07 μm) and P3043 (116.47 μm). Similarly, the particle shape (circularity) was found higher in P372 (0.84) and P3043 (0.73) as compared to the commercial Barik sample (0.65). The chemical composition of mainly fat (%) and protein (%) was higher and lower in commercial Barik sample, respectively, compared to P372 and P3043 Bengal gram flour. Wettability (contact angle) determined the solid–liquid interaction of Bengal gram flour, where the commercial Barik sample showed a higher contact angle compared to P372 and P3043. The flow properties of Bengal gram flour, that is, compressibility, shear, and dynamic measurements were analyzed using an FT4 powder rheometer. The results indicated better flow behavior of the two varieties P372 and P3043 compared to commercial Barik sample.Practical ApplicationsThe flow properties of Bengal gram flour are essential during the handling, processing, transportation, mixing, compression, and packaging. The consistent flow of flour without excessive dust generation and spillage during handling is of great concern in the food industry. The flow properties of flour characterize its behavior during handling, conveying and storage. It is crucial for the design of storage and conveying systems such as hopper and silos in order to maximize the use of discharge units to their design capacity to prevent expensive downstream handling problems. The practical application obtained from the comparative study would be useful to determine the effect of various environmental conditions on the flowability of Bengal gram flour. Thus, it provides critical factors in optimizing the processing, designing of equipment, hoppers, and silos used to produce Bengal gram flour in the food industry.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva can adsorb to the oral mucosal epithelium
Authors: Zhu Fucun , Zhong Yi , Ji Huan , Ge Ran , Guo Lu , Song Haiyang , Wu Heming , Jiao Pengfei , Li Sheng , Wang Chenxing , Du Hongming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is primarily transmitted through droplets. All human tissues with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serines 2 (TRMPRSS2) are potential targets of SARS‐CoV‐2. The role of saliva in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission remains obscure. In this study, we attempted to reveal ACE2 and TRMPRSS2 protein expression in human parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands (three major salivary glands). Then, the binding function of spike protein to ACE2 in three major salivary glands was detected. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva from parotid glands were both examined. Exogenous recombined ACE2 and TMPRSS2 anchoring and fusing to oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro were also unraveled. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were found mainly to be expressed in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the serous acinus cells in parotid and submandibular glands. Our research also discovered that the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to ACE2 in salivary glands in vitro. Furthermore, exogenous ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can anchor and fuse to oral mucosa in vitro. Thus, the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva might have implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Morphological features of the mouse duodenocolic fold in foetus and adult
Authors: Onouchi Sawa , Yasuda Haruka , Saito Shouichiro , Atoji Yasuro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor the mechanism of duodenojejunal flexure (DJF) morphogenesis in mice, we consider the gut tube itself and the gut mesentery as important players. In this study, we focussed on the morphological features of the gut mesentery around the mouse duodenum, especially the duodenocolic fold at embryonic day (E) 18.5 and the adult phase. The duodenocolic fold, a sheet of the mesentery, was located between the entire ascending duodenum and the descending colon. At E18.5, in the cranial area near the DJF, the duodenocolic fold joined both the mesocolon and the mesojejunal part of the root of the mesentery. In the middle and caudal areas, the duodenocolic fold joined the mesocolon. Interestingly, along with the ascending duodenum, the duodenocolic fold contained a smooth muscle bundle. The smooth muscle bundle continued from the outer muscular layer of the middle to the caudal part of the ascending duodenum. The three‐dimensional imaging of the foetal duodenocolic fold revealed that the smooth muscle bundle had short and long apexes towards the proximal and distal parts of the root of the mesentery, respectively. At the adult phase, the duodenocolic fold had a much thinner connective tissue with a larger surface area in comparison with the duodenocolic fold at E18.5. The adult duodenocolic fold also contained the smooth muscle bundle which was similar to the foetal duodenocolic fold. A part of the duodenocolic fold connecting to the mesojejunal part of the root of the mesentery seemed to be homologous to the superior duodenal fold in humans, known as the duodenojejunal fold; by contrast, most of the duodenocolic fold seemed to be homologous to the inferior duodenal fold in humans, known as the duodenomesocolic fold. The smooth muscle bundle in the mouse duodenocolic fold seemed to play a role in keeping the ascending duodenum in the abdominal cavity because the duodenum in animals did not belong to a retroperitoneal organ in contrast to humans owing to the difference in the direction of gravity on the abdominal organs between mice and humans. Moreover, the smooth muscle bundle shared common and uncommon points in its location and nerve supply to the suspensory muscle of the duodenum in humans, known as the ligament of Treitz. This study had insufficient evidence that the smooth muscle bundle of the mouse duodenocolic fold was homologous to the suspensory muscle of the duodenum in humans. In conclusion, this study revealed the detailed structure of the mouse duodenocolic fold, including the relationship between the fold and other mesenteries. Particularly, the smooth muscle bundle is a specific feature of the mouse duodenocolic fold and might play several roles in DJF morphogenesis, especially the ascending duodenum and the caudal duodenal flexure during development.
Will “moving” food tastes better? Effect of dynamic food image in print advertising on food taste perception
Authors: Li Shouwei , Liu Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether the dynamic (vs. still) food image in the print food advertisement affected consumers' judgment of food taste. Through the experimental studies, we found that dynamic (vs. still) food image can improve consumers' perception of food taste (study 1). The influence of dynamic food image on the perception of food taste is related to consumers' affective fluency in information processing (study 2). For consumers with health consumption goal, the dynamic (vs. still) food image can significantly improve the perception of food taste; for consumers with hedonic consumption goal, the difference of taste perception caused by dynamic (vs. still) food image is not significant (study 3). The conclusions can be used to nudge food selection and consumption.Practical ApplicationsFindings of current research reveal that manufacturers and marketers of food products may include dynamic food images into their print advertisements to increase perceived tastiness. More broadly, marketers should fully take the target consumers to whom the foods will be sold into account, as the expected sensory pleasure of consumers with different consumption goals is different. On the basis of our findings, food products aimed at customers focusing on health potential should apply a dynamic food image that generally leads to affective fluency and implies tastiness. In addition, food marketers need to consider the affective experience of consumers during their information processing. Facing the same food, the advertisements making consumers feel pleasant, enjoyable, and interesting will improve consumers' taste perception.
Socioeconomic status, social support, and oral health‐risk behaviors in Canadian adolescents
Authors: Gazzaz Arwa Z. , Carpiano Richard M. , Aleksejuniene Jolanta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe tested hypotheses regarding how adolescent oral health‐related behaviors are associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and family and peer social support, including the extent to which such associations differ for boys and girls.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2013/2014 Canadian Health Behavior in School‐aged Children Study for 20,357 adolescents ages 12–18 years. Family Affluence Scale was used to assess SES. Family and peer social support were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We estimated average marginal effects from multivariable binary logistic regression models for three oral health‐risk behaviors outcomes: infrequent toothbrushing, high sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, and high sweets consumption across both genders.ResultsAdolescents from low SES households had lower probability of parental and peer support, and were significantly more likely to report infrequent toothbrushing and high SSB consumption, both before and after controlling for both types of support. Lower family support was associated with higher probability of engaging in infrequent toothbrushing and high SSB intake, while lower peer support was associated with higher probability of engaging in infrequent toothbrushing and lower likelihood of engaging in high SSB consumption. The associations of family support with oral health‐related behaviors were somewhat stronger for boys than girls.ConclusionsLow SES and low family support were associated with a higher likelihood of oral health‐risk behaviors (infrequent toothbrushing and SSB consumption). Regardless of adolescents' gender, parental support exerted a protective role, but peer support had countervailing risk and protective roles on oral health‐related behaviors.
New insights into the historical translocation of the Algerian hedgehog and pine marten throughout the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): refining the radiocarbon‐based chronology
Authors: Valenzuela A. , Martínez‐Sánchez R. M. , García J. , Alcover J. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we refine the colonisation timeframe of pine marten (Martes martes) and Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) to the Balearic Islands synthesising their occurrence records and providing an accurate chronology through new directly 14C dated archaeological bone samples. The new dates are significantly earlier than previously reported finds; therefore, both cases currently represent the earliest records for the human‐mediated translocation of these species in Europe. These new data not only provide further accurate resolution for previous historical translocation hypothesis but also expand the geographical scope throughout the archipelago. The sequence and timing of introduction events are embedded in different historical timeframes. The time of arrival of the pine marten is now established in the early Roman period, a period that supported a huge wave of introduced alien species into the Balearics. For the Algerian hedgehog, the new records further support the hypothesis that the Almohads were responsible for its introduction to these islands. Both examples illustrate how important it is to connect past translocation records to tighter radiometric chronologies through direct dating on bones of the implicated species.
Integrating physiology and environmental dynamics to operationalize environmental DNA (eDNA) as a means to monitor freshwater macro‐organism abundance
Authors: Yates Matthew C. , Cristescu Melania E. , Derry Alison M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch has demonstrated consistent positive correlations between organism abundance and absolute environmental DNA (eDNA) concentrations. Robust correlations in laboratory experiments indicate strong functional links, suggesting the potential for eDNA to monitor organism abundance in nature. However, correlations between absolute eDNA concentrations and organism abundance in nature tend to be weaker because myriad biotic and abiotic factors influence steady‐state eDNA concentrations, decoupling its direct functional link with abundance. Additional technical challenges can also weaken correlations between relative organism abundance and relative eDNA data derived from metabarcoding. Future research must account for these factors to improve the inference of organism abundance from eDNA, including integrating the effects of organism physiology on eDNA production, eDNA dynamics in lentic/lotic systems, and key environmental parameters that impact estimated steady‐state concentrations. Additionally, it is critical to manage expectations surrounding the accuracy and precision that eDNA can provide – eDNA, for example, cannot provide abundance estimates comparable to intensively managed freshwater fisheries that enumerate every individual fish. Recent developments, however, are encouraging. Current methods could provide meaningful information regarding qualitative conservation thresholds and emergent research has demonstrated that eDNA concentrations in natural ecosystems can provide rough quantitative estimates of abundance, particularly when models integrate physiology and/or eDNA dynamics. Operationalizing eDNA to infer abundance will probably require more than simple correlations with organism biomass/density. Nevertheless, the future is promising – models that integrate eDNA dynamics in nature could represent an effective means to infer abundance, particularly when traditional methods are considered too “costly” or difficult to obtain.
Comprehensive analyses of intraoral spindle cell carcinoma: A rare disease entity revisited
Authors: Sang Lei , Dai Yibin , Hu Jiaan , Zhu Yaqing , Xu Linhong , Zhang Wei , Cheng Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was aimed to comprehensively characterize the epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of intraoral spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC).Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed with intraoral SpCC at our institution in the past 15 years (2005–2019) were screened from inpatient disease registry. All relevant data concerning patients with intraoral SpCC were retrieved. Previous reports about intraoral SpCC with adequate clinicopathological data in both English literature and Chinese literature were collected. Eligible cases were further reviewed and pooled for statistical analyses.ResultsSix patients (5 females and 1 male; average age: 59 years) with intraoral SpCC were histopathologically diagnosed and surgically treated at our institution. The literature review identified another 63 published cases from 34 articles. Most cases were presented in the fifth to seventh decade of life with a male preponderance. Gingiva (23/69, 33.3%) was the most common site followed by the tongue (19/69, 27.5%) and buccal mucosa (8/69, 11.6%). Complete surgical ablation remains the primary treatment option. Tumor size, pathological grades, cervical node metastasis, and distant metastasis were significantly associated with reduced survival.ConclusionsIntraoral SpCC is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis. Much attention and effort are needed to characterize this rare entity and improve its clinical outcomes.
Growing into epistemic knowledge through performance: Rosanna Raymond’s “Soli I Tai—Soli I Uta” at Berlin’s Ethnological Museum
Authors: Jost Torsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores Rosanna Raymond’s performative intervention titled “Soli I Tai—Soli I Uta” (Tread on the Sea—Tread on the Land). Today, many cultural institutions try to develop progressive strategies to facilitate “intercultural dialogue.” In this endeavor, performative strategies are explored, some of which are developed in collaboration with experts from so‐called “source communities.” Such collaborations have longer histories in Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, or Canada. In central Europe, and especially in Germany, this has been a more recent development. One prominent example is the one‐month artist residency of the Pacific artist Rosanna Raymond (b. 1967) at the Ethnological Museum Berlin in 2014, which culminated in her “acti.VA.tion” entitled “Soli I Tai—Soli I Uta.” My article analyzes how Raymond’s performative intervention dramaturgically put different epistemic systems and “ways of knowing” into a contrasting relationship and thus enabled spectators to gain declarative epistemic knowledge, that is to say, knowledge about knowledge and different “ways of knowing.”
Appreciable genetic correlation between inbred lines and testcrosses facilitates breeding for resistance to Fusarium head blight in hybrid rye (Secale cereale)
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Rose Marvin , Overbeck Franziska , Koch Silvia , Gruner Paul , Eifler Jakob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHybrid breeding is based on selection of inbred lines in early generations. A sufficient genetic correlation between inbred lines and testcrosses is, however, the prerequisite for a higher selection gain in the hybrids. Therefore, we investigated this crucial parameter for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance on 60 inbred lines each of the heterotic groups Petkus and Carsten and their corresponding crosses with two testers each at four (inbred lines) or six (testcrosses) environments (location × year combinations). FHB severity measured as percentage of infected spikelets per plot was used as resistance trait, and a correction was made by using flowering time as covariate. Variances for genotype and genotype–environment interaction were high, and the heritability was estimated .84 and .74 for the line per se performance (Petkus and Carsten) and .71 and .78 for the general combining ability (GCA). For both inbred lines and testcrosses, negative correlations with plant height were found ranging from −.20 to −.51. FHB severity was considerably higher for the inbred lines than for the testcrosses. Genetic variance was lower for testcrosses, and dominance effects of the testers and heterosis may be key factors reducing the general infection level of three‐way hybrids. The effect of the tester (i.e., difference between testers) was very small and only significant for the Carsten group. The variance for specific combining ability (SCA) was very small, too. This, and high genetic correlations between line per se and GCA (r = .82 for Petkus and r = .72 for Carsten), does allow or even favour the selection based on line per se performance. Still, in the last generation before the official trials, testcrosses should also be tested for FHB resistance and mycotoxin contents to reliably improve food and feed quality in rye.
Investigation of the molecular causes underlying physical abnormalities in Diamond‐Blackfan anemia patients with RPL5 haploinsufficiency
Authors: Fukui Yuko , Hayano Satoru , Kawanabe Noriaki , Wang Ziyi , Shimada Akira , Saito Megumu K. , Asaka Isao , Kamioka Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins and characterized by erythroid aplasia and various physical abnormalities. Although accumulating evidence suggests that defective ribosome biogenesis leads to p53‐mediated apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells, little is known regarding the underlying causes of the physical abnormalities. In this study, we established induced pluripotent stem cells from a DBA patient with RPL5 haploinsufficiency. These cells retained the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. However, RPL5 haploinsufficiency impaired the production of mucins and increased apoptosis in differentiated chondrocytes. Increased expression of the pro‐apoptotic genes BAX and CASP9 further indicated that RPL5 haploinsufficiency triggered p53‐mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), the primary negative regulator of p53, plays a crucial role in erythroid aplasia in DBA patient. We found the phosphorylation level of MDM2 was significantly decreased in RPL5 haploinsufficient chondrocytes. In stark contrast, we found no evidence that RPL5 haploinsufficiency impaired osteogenesis. Collectively, our data support a model in which RPL5 haploinsufficiency specifically induces p53‐mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes through MDM2 inhibition, which leads to physical abnormalities in DBA patients.