bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delaware RNs' Reasons for Nonparticipation in Continuing Education
Authors: Cullen Pamela D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A descriptive study determined the reasons for nonparticipation in continuing education (CE) for RNs living in Delaware, where lack of CE results in loss of licensure. Subjects were asked to complete a 40-item Deterrents to Participation Scale with a 13-item demographic questionnaire. The sample (N = 94) identified disengagement as the primary factor for predicting nonparticipation in CE, with the primary reason being they had higher priorities than CE in their lives. Implications for nursing administrators and educators are discussed.
Arranging a Clinical Practicum in a Health Care Facility
Authors: Seigel Harriet , Lucey Alice 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Staff development educators and administra' tors collaborate frequently to establish clinical experiences for student nurses. This article outlines key elements to consider and a time line for planning practicums. Some tools are offered to assist in the process. Arranging a clinical practicum in a health care facility requires flexibility, negotiation, and attention to detail for both the school and the facility. A mutually beneficial affiliation flourishes in such a facultative environment.
Continuing Nursing Education: What Resources Do Bedside Nurses Use?
Authors: McDiarmid Sheryl 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Continuing nursing education (CNE) has traditionally been considered a formalized learning experience. However, the results of this study indicated nurses providing direct patient care in a tertiary care hospital seldom participate in such activities. The nursing staff do use a variety of resources, both material and personnel, to meet their immediate learning needs. Most of their CNE activities appear to be undertaken within their work environment. The results of this study provide nurse educators and managers insight into how they can augment "on-the-job" learning opportunities for staff nurses.
UNIQUE ASPECTS OF DOWNHILL SKI INJURIES PART 1: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT
Authors: Buck Peter G , Sophocles Aristotle M , Beckenbauch Robert D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Skiing is an exciting sport with a significant potential /or serious injury. This potential for injury can be minimized but never entirely eliminated by modern safety equipment.
Upper extremity injuries have become relatively more common as the incidence of lower extremity injuries has decreased. Ankle and foot injuries have become infrequent since the advent of the rigid plastic boot, while the incidence of knee injuries has remained essentially constant.
Three major mechanisms of injury to the lower extremity include external rotation and abduction, forward fall, and internal rotation. Each mechanism can produce a distinctive set of injured structures.
The "skier at risk" is characterized by a lower level of ability, lighter weight, and extremes of age. Injuries can be minimized by purchasing good quality equipment and maintaining it properly; discarding obsolete equipment; using ski brakes, antifriction devices and pistol grip poles; using multirelease bindings for beginners or intermediates; good physical conditioning; taking ski lessons and coupling this with skiing experience; and skiing in control and using common sense on the slopes.
Areas which need the most improvement in equipment design include multi-release bindings suitable for all skiers and children's boots.
Randomized Trial of Oral Naproxen or Local Injection of Betamethasone in Lateral Epicondylitis of the Humerus
Authors: Saartok Tönu , Eriksson Ejnar 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: A randomized pilot study, comparing oral naproxen and a single betamethasone injection, was carried out in 21 patients suffering from lateral epicondylitis of the humerus ("tennis elbow"). The naproxen dosage was 250 mg per day for two weeks. Six milligrams of betamethasone in a long-acting form was given as a local injection. To achieve "blindness," the patients receiving naproxen were also given an injection of saline into the area of maximal tenderness at the epicondyle, while the patients getting the betamethasone-injection were given oral placebo tablets.
At a clinical control after two weeks, five of the ten patients receiving naproxen and five of the 11 patients receiving betamethasone injection were improved. Thus, no apparent difference in effect could be noted at an evaluation after two weeks' treatment. No significant side effects were noted with any of the treatments.
Arthrodesis of the Salvage Elbow
Authors: Rashkoff Evan , Burkhalter William E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: An elbow arthrodesis was performed as a salvage procedure in seven patients with an open elbow arthrosis resulting from open trauma and the multiple surgeries that had followed. Patients had undergone an average of four previous elbow operations since their initial injury. Patients had pain, limited motion and instability that seriously compromised ipsilateral upper extremity function.
Hardware was placed posteriorly in five patients, and in two patients with predominantly posterior pathology and infection, it was placed anteriorly. All but one case was fused at 90° of elbow flexion. Wounds were all left open and spontaneously healed by secondary intention.
Six patients were available for an average follow up of 4 years. Time to fusion ranged from 4 to 9 months mean 6 months). Patients were graded in terms of relief of symptoms, clinical fusion, radiographic fusion, return to employment, wound healing, shoulder and hand function, and forearm rotation. Three patients had an excellent result, two good, and in one, the result was fair.
In our view, the surgical procedure of choice for a salvage elbow is an elbow arthrodesis.
EFFECT OF AN UNRESTRICTED KNEE-ANKLE-FOOT ORTHOSIS ON THE STANCE PHASE OF GAIT IN HEALTHY PERSONS
Authors: Cerny Kay , Perry Jacquelin , Walker Joan M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty healthy women (mean age: 25 ± 3.6 years) were studied for postural adaptations produced when walking with unrestricted knee-ankle-foot orthoses. Stride characteristics, motion, floor reaction forces and their torques, and indwelling electromyographic activity of the lower gluteus maximus, as well as the long head of the biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, and soleus muscles were all measured during barefoot and orthosis walking.
Wearing a knee-ankle-foot orthosis increased stride length and decreased cadence and stance duration. The subjects walked in slightly more plantar flexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion, while increasing the duration of the corresponding floor reaction torques, resulting in an activity increase of the vastus lateralis, soleus, and biceps femoris muscles. These results, obtained in healthy subjects, show a definite effect of an unrestricted knee-ankle-foot orthosis on gait.
FEMORAL VARUS AND ACETABULAR OSTEOTOMIES IN CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Roye David P , Chorney Gail S , Deutsch Lawrence E , Mahon John H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sixty-three patients with cerebral palsy underwent proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy for 86 snbluxing or dislocating hips. Eleven hips underwent concomitant pelvic osteotomy. Adductor tenotomy was performed in all patients. The average preoperative femoral neck shaft angle was 158.2°, with a center edge angle of -2°. Femoral osteotomy effected an average femoral neck shaft angle of 132.2°, with a center edge angle of +8°. A Chiari osteotomy was performed when the acetabular index was >35°. This preoperative acetabular index of 46° improved to 28° postoperatively, and proved to be the most reliable indicator for need of an added pelvic osteotomy.
Use of Polylactide Resorbable Film as an Adhesion Barrier
Authors: Welch William C , Cornwall G Bryan , Toth Jeffrey M , Turner A Simon , Thomas Kevin A , Gersten Peter C , Nemoto Edwin M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present investigation evaluates two thicknesses of a resorbable polylactide barrier film as an adhesion barrier to posterior spine scar formation. A readily contourable, thin film was placed directly over the dura. The thick film was placed above the lamina defect to act as a physical barrier inhibiting the prolapse of soft tissue into the epidural space. Through a combination of gross dissection with and without scar scores, quantitative analysis of collagen adjacent to the scar site, and histologic evaluation, the resorbable adhesion barrier membranes were found to be effective treatment for reduction of posterior adhesions. The gross dissection demonstrated that both thicknesses of resorbable polymer barrier films created a controlled dissection plane, facilitated access to the epidural space, and provided a reduction in the tissue adhered to the dura.
Resorbable Cages for Spinal Fusion: An Experimental Goat Model
Authors: Wuisman P I J M , van Dijk M , Smit T H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A biomechanical cadaver study and an in vivo monosegmental spinal fusion study were performed to evaluate a novel bioresorbable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) cage. The yield strength of a spinal segment was chosen as the main design parameter for the resorbable cages to be used in a goat model. A 3-year in vivo study revealed a significantly faster and more complete fusion using PLLA cages as compared to titanium cages with the same dimensions. In the PLLA group, the intervertebral grafting height did not change and bone remodeling within the cage was completed 2 years after implantation. In terms of degradation of the PLLA, similar features were observed in vivo and in vitro. Degradation was almost completed 3 years after implantation. Tissue reaction was mild during the 3-year period.
Bioabsorbable Anterior Lumbar Plate Fixation in Conjunction with Anterior Interbody Fusion Cages
Authors: DiAngelo Denis J , Kitchel Scott , McVay Bobby J , Scifert Jeffrey L , Cornwall G Bryan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An in vitro biomechanical study was conducted to determine the effects of anterior stabilization on lumbar interbody cage fusion biomechanics in a multilevel human cadaveric lumbar model. Three spine conditions were compared: harvested, bilateral multilevel cages (CAGES), and CAGES with bioabsorbable anterior plates (CBAP), tested under flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Measurements included vertebral motion, applied load, and bending/rotational moments. Application of anterior fixation decreased local motion and increased stiffness of the instrumented levels. Clinically, this spinal stability may serve to promote fusion. Coupled with the bioabsorbability of the plating material, the bioabsorbable anterior lumbar plating system is considered biomechanically advantageous.
Use of a Bioabsorbable Anterior Cervical Plate in the Treatment of Cervical Degenerative and Traumatic Disk Disruption
Authors: Vaccaro Alexander R , Venger Benjamin H , Kelleher Peter M , Singh Kush , Carrino John A , Albert Todd , Hilibrand Alan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion is a widely accepted treatment for anterior management of degenerative or traumatic instability of the cervical spine. To reduce or eliminate complications such as implant migration and failure, imaging degradation, and fusion stress shielding that are occasionally associated with spinal instrumentation, attention has been given to the use of bioresorbable anterior cervical plating devices. This paper is a preliminary report of a retrospective series in which a resorbable mesh and screw system (OS Reconstructive Mesh, MacroPore Biosurgery Inc, San Diego, Calif) was used for graft containment in single-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. A review of patient charts and imaging studies was conducted to determine functional outcome, fusion success, and potential soft-tissue reaction to implant resorption. Nine patients with a diagnosis of cervical degenerative disk disease or traumatic disk disruption were treated between October 2001 and March 2002. Follow-up averaged 206 days. Eight patients were found to have an excellent result, one patient had a good result, and no patients had a satisfactory or poor result. At the time of follow-up, 77% of patients (7/9) were found to have a radiographically solid fusion. The two patients without a solid fusion were only on average 8 months out from their fusion procedure and manifested no symptoms related to fusion nonhealing. No significant soft-tissue reaction was noted clinically or radiographically in any of the patients. The results of this preliminary study indicate that bioresorbable anterior cervical plating for single-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion is both safe and effective.
Idiopathic Osteoarthritis of the Hip: Incidence, Classification, and Natural History of 272 cases
Authors: Hartofilakidis George , Karachalios Theophilos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long-term clinical and radiographic data of 210 patients (272 hips) with idiopathic hip osteoarthritis were reviewed. Of the 272 hips, 218 (80%) were eccentric and 54 (20%) were concentric. In eccentric hips, the femoral head migrated superolaterally or superomedially, because of the eccentric development of the degenerative changes, which had deteriorated rapidly. Hips with eccentric idiopathic osteoarthritis underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) at an average of 4 years after symptom onset. In concentric hips, the femoral head migrated medially, causing progressive thinning of the medial wall of the acetabulum, and degenerative changes progressed slowly. Hips with concentric idiopathic osteoarthritis underwent THA at an average of 10 years after symptom onset.
Torsional Stability of Uncemented Femoral Stems in Oncologic Reconstructions
Authors: Scharschmidt Tom , Cohen Amy , Thomas Noelle , Ching Randal , Conrad Ernest 
Published: April 2021

Modular oncology implants using uncemented fixation represent a popular reconstruction technique for limb salvage patients. Initial stability is critical to facilitate bony ingrowth of host bone into the stem of a press-fit oncologic modular rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The impact of stem design on initial stability has not been defined. The goal of this study was to evaluate the initial stability of 3 different stem designs as defined by torsional load to failure. An analysis of imaging was also performed.
The pilot study consisted of 5 femora in each of 3 groups based on stem design. The specimen was mounted on a multi-axis biomechanical test frame equipped with a Vicon 3D motion analysis 4-camera system (Vicon Motion Systems, Lake Forest, California) to track the relative motion between the implant and the femur. Torsional force was applied until failure. The straight-fluted stem design had the highest average torsional stiffness (18.3±8.2 Nm/deg) and average torque at 150 μm of implant micromotion (23.2±10.6 Nm) of the 3 stem types tested.
The results of this study will help to guide surgical decision making in limb salvage cases. Further investigation is warranted.
Recurrent Shoulder Instability and Arthritis Treated with Graft Jacket Resurfacing, Hemiarthroplasty, and Bone Grafting
Authors: Anakwenze Oke A. , Huffman G. Russell 
Published: April 2021

The treatment of recurrent shoulder instability in the presence of large bony defects of the glenoid and/or the humeral head is evolving. The young patient with significant glenohumeral arthrosis presents unique challenges in terms of management. In the presence of large glenohumeral bony defects, several authors have reported poor outcomes with attempted soft tissue stabilization only. Therefore, some type of bony reconstruction is generally recommended. Glenohumeral arthrosis is a known complication of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The role of arthroplasty and glenoid resurfacing options in young patients is controversial given the demands in this group.
This article presents a case of a 35-year-old patient who presented with coexisting bony defects—an engaging Hill-Sachs defect and a bony Bankart defect causing recurrent shoulder instability—and post-dislocation glenohumeral arthritis with resultant pain. He underwent a humeral hemiarthroplasty, glenoid structural bone grafting, and a glenoid graft jacket. At 2-year follow-up, he reported a favorable outcome.
This case represents an encouraging treatment approach for a young patient with recurrent instability caused by coexisting bony defects and significant arthrosis.
Rupture of Small Finger Flexor Tendons Secondary to Asymptomatic Nonunion of the Hamate Hook
Authors: Pajares-López Miguel , Hernández-Cortés Pedro , Robles-Molina María José 
Published: April 2021

The incidence of fractures of the hamate hook (hamulus) has been reported to be between 2% and 4% of all carpal fractures. Untreated hamulus nonunion can cause attritional rupture of the ulnar digits’ flexor digitorum profundum tendons. Rupture of flexor tendons due to nonunion of the hook of the hamate is an uncommon injury. Most surgeons treat the tendon lesion by a graft, transfer of the superficial flexor of the ring finger, or terminolateral suture of the distal stump of the deep flexor tendon of the little finger to the deep flexor tendon of the ring finger.
This article reports a case of a 52-year-old right-handed man who presented with weakness of grip and loss of active flexion of both distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the right small finger lasting 2 weeks due to grip strength while working. The clinical history and the physical examination were dissonant, and a computed tomography scan revealed a nonunion of the hamulus. Intraoperatively, the nonunion of the hamate hook was identified and the bony ossicle excised. The flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis to the small finger were both ruptured. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon was repaired with a termino-terminal suture.
The patient returned to work within 3 months without restriction. Six months postoperatively, the patient had no pain and achieved full active flexion of the small finger.
Use of Extraneous Conversation in the Teaching of Nursing Skills
Authors: Benjamin Gail , Benson Ruth , Crim Betty , Edgar Christine , Kautsch Cathy , Langland Rose Mary , Flynt Terry D , Raithel Julia Ann 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of extraneous conversation as a distractor while assessing students' level of skill acquisition in the laboratory. The sample consisted of 50 nursing students enrolled in Introduction to Nursing Methods at a large Midwestern university. Subjects were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Extraneous conversation was used as a distractor during skill demonstration of intramuscular injections by the 25 students in the experimental group. The 25 students in the control group were not verbally distracted during skill demonstration. These skill demonstrations were videotaped.
Data were collected from three evaluations: during the skill demonstration, a rating was based on the inclusion of critical elements; later on viewing the video tapes, faculty assigned a score to the performance based on the number of elements included; students were re-evaluated in the clinical setting based on guidance given by the instructor, performance of critical and noncritical elements, and the smoothness of the performance. Analysis of data from the ratings of students in the laboratory and from the ratings of students from the video tapes with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed no significant differences (a = .05) in performance for the experimental and control groups. Chi-square analysis of data from the evaluation in the clinical setting indicated that students in the experimental group performed at a higher level than students in the control group.
Continuing Education Program Evaluation for Course Improvement, Participant Effect and Utilization in Clinical Practice
Authors: Faulk Lynne G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An evaluation of a single continuing education (CE) program was conducted by the presenter to assess impact of the offering and gather information for course improvement. The purpose of this evaluation was to document if and to what extent the learners attained the program's objectives and also to systematically examine the program to see how it might be improved. The third purpose was to document if participants' interest was stimulated by the program and if they actually used the information in clinical practice or at least found it helpful. Fifty-five nurses participated in completing a pretest and posttest, reactionnaire at the conclusion of the program and follow-up questionnaire.
Participants made significantly (p < .05) better scores on the posttests as compared to the pretest. On the evaluation form, 98% of the nurses responded that they had learned new facts, and 75% indicated that information was moderately new. In addition, a slight majority (58%) responded that they changed their beliefs about asserti veness. Of returned follow-up questionnaires, 95% told others about the program, and 59% read articles. All nurses indicated they had found the information useful, and 87% had actually used the information in clinical practice.
This study documents a method for CE administrators and educators to evaluate the impact of CE and provide information for course improvement. The evaluation supports the program's worth. Participants benefited in terms of knowledge and interest. In addition, program strengths/ weaknesses were identified.
Predictors of Success in Nursing School and on State Board Examinations in a Predominantly Black Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Dell Mary Ann , Halpin Gerald 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
High school grade point averages, Scholastic Aptitude Test verbal and quantitative scores, and National League for Nursing Pre-Nursing Examination scores were obtained for 456 black students enrolled in a private baccalaureate school of nursing. Discriminant analysis showed that these measures significantly differentiated between dropouts and graduates. For 181 graduates, these same predictors plus college grade point average also significantly differentiated between passers and failers on the State Board Examination.
Baccalaureate Nursing Education: Students' Perceptions of Roles, Effort, and Performance
Authors: Swanson Marcia J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study analyzed differences in the perceptions of three groups of nursing students regarding their total role investment, quality of effort, and nursing performance. One hundred ninety-four senior baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in generic or RN completion programs responded to a questionnaire containing three measurements: The Total Role Investment Scale, Pace's College Questionnaire, and Lubno's modified version of Schwirian's Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance. Significant differences were found among the three groups of students in biographical data, total role involvement, quality of effort, and nursing performance. Quality of effort and total role investment were the best predictors of nursing performance. The type of baccalaureate nursing program was not a significant predictor of nursing performance.