bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and 2‐Fluoro‐1,3‐benzodithiole‐1,1,3,3‐tetraoxide: A New Synthetic Approach to α‐Monofluoromethyl Tertiary Amines
Authors: Huang Bao‐qin , Chen Yuan , Zhang Xue‐jing , Yan Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction of tetrahydroisoquinolines with 2‐fluoro‐1,3‐benzodithiole‐1,1,3,3‐tetraoxide had been developed. CuBr/TBHP was identified as the best catalyst and oxidant. A variety of coupling products were obtained with good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. 1‐Monofluoromethyl tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were prepared via a subsequent desulfonylation with sodium amalgam. This method provides a new synthetic approach to α‐monofluoromethyl tertiary amines.
Determination of Tedizolid Phosphate Using Graphene Nanocomposite Based Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode; Green Profile Assessment by Eco‐scale and GAPI Approach
Authors: Moaaz Eman M. , Mahmoud Amr M. , Fayed Ahmed S. , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Abdel‐Moety Ezzat M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntibiotics determination plays a major role in minimizing antimicrobial resistance starting from quality control of pharmaceutical formulations to therapeutic drug monitoring. Green modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed for determination of tedizolid phosphate; new antibiotic prodrug; in presence of its active metabolite. The graphene transducer interlayer, dispersed with PVC, improved the electrode stability and standard potential reproducibility. Graphene hydrophobicity prevented the water layer formation between the sensing layers that decreased the potential drift down to 267 μV h−1. Electrochemical impedance showed a low resistance value for graphene containing sensor due to its high electron transfer ability.
Microplastics release from victuals packaging materials during daily usage
Authors: Guan Qing‐Fang , Yang Huai‐Bin , Zhao Yu‐Xiang , Han Zi‐Meng , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Yang Kun‐Peng , Yin Chong‐Han , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlastic packaging materials are widely used because of their advantages of light weight, low cost, and convenience, especially as victuals packaging materials. Approximately 146 million metric tons of plastics were used for packaging in 2015, but most of these plastics had already been discarded and followed by serious white pollution. What's worse, the victuals packaging materials, especially polystyrene (PS) foam containers, can release microplastics (MPs) during daily usage. Through the combination of various appropriate chemical (eg, spectroscopy) and physical (eg, microscopy) characterization and analysis, the existence of MPs is proved and MPs can be intuitively observed. Although the impacts of MPs on ecosystems and human health are still under discussion, existing studies have shown that MPs can be integrated into habitats through soil transportation, affecting the health of various terrestrial invertebrates. Faced with this shocking reality, reducing the use of PS foam containers at high temperatures and developing healthy materials to substitute these plastics are promising solutions.image
Variation law of roof stress and permeability enhancement effect of repeated hydraulic fracturing in low‐permeability coal seam
Authors: Liangwei Li , Wenbin Wu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted to study the change of initial fracture pressure and roof stress under repeated hydraulic fracturing in coal mines and to investigate the actual penetration enhancement effect on coal seams. The results show that as the fracturing is repeated, a lower initiation pressure is required. The roof stress changes consistently with water injection pressure. First, the stress in the area around the water injection hole gradually increases, and then stress transfers to the surroundings. With the re‐implementation of fracturing, the area of increased stress expands, and the scope of influence of hydraulic fracturing also becomes larger. When fracturing in a coal mine, for the same total fracturing time, the total water injection volume of repeated fracturing is 35% higher than that of single fracturing, and the affected area is increased by 31%. The concentration of repeated hydraulic fracturing is about 36% higher than that of a single hydraulic fracturing, and the pure flow of gas drainage is increased by about 1.3 times. The results of this study can guide the efficient implementation of hydraulic fracturing underground in coal mines, so as to achieve a larger impact range of coal seam hydraulic fracturing and better gas drainage effects.
Double HCG trigger improves recovery of oocytes in women with a paucifollicular response to ovarian stimulation: A pilot study
Authors: Tesarik Jan , Galán‐Lázaro Maribel , Mendoza Nicolas , Mendoza‐Tesarik Raquel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether adding a second HCG trigger, 12.5 h after the first (36.5 h before ovarian puncture), can facilitate recovery of oocytes in women with a paucifollicular response to ovarian stimulation.MethodsA total of 85 women aged 35–42 years, with a paucifollicular response to ovarian stimulation and who had experienced a total failure of oocyte recovery after the standard HCG ovulation trigger 36.5 h before ovarian puncture, were subsequently treated by the same protocol but with the addition of a second HCG trigger 12.5 h later. The recovered oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and all available embryos were transferred 3 days later.ResultsThe double trigger enabled recovery of cumulus oophorus cells from most of the follicles in the women who experienced failure of total recovery of oocytes after a single trigger. Fifteen patients became pregnant, and no signs of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed. Nine women delivered a healthy child.ConclusionIn women aged 35–42 years with a paucifollicular response to ovarian stimulation, a double HCG trigger appears to improve the rate of oocyte recovery. The conclusion of this pilot study needs to be confirmed by larger prospective trials.
A possible way to prevent the progression of bone lesions in multiple myeloma via Src‐homology‐region‐2‐domain‐containing‐phosphatase‐1 activation
Authors: Kanegasaki Shiro , Tsuchiya Tomoko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn the basis of our recent findings, in which multiple receptor‐mediated mast cell functions are regulated via a common signaling cascade, we posit that the formation and functioning of osteoclasts are also controlled by a similar common mechanism. These cells are derived from the same granulocyte/monocyte progenitors and share multiple receptors except those that are cell‐specific. In both types of cells, all known receptors reside in lipid rafts, form multiprotein complexes with recruited signaling molecules, and are internalized upon receptor engagement. Signal transduction proceeds in a chain of protein phosphorylations, where adaptor protein LAT (linker‐for‐activation‐of‐T‐cells) plays a central role. The key kinase that associates LAT phosphorylation and lipid raft internalization is Syk (spleen‐tyrosine‐kinase) and/or an Src‐family‐kinase, most probably Lck (lymphocyte‐specific‐protein‐tyrosine‐kinase). Dephosphorylation of phosphorylated Syk and Lck by activated SHP‐1 (Src‐homology‐region‐2‐domain‐containing‐phosphatase‐1) terminates the signal transduction and endocytosis of receptors, resulting in inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and other functions. In malignant plasma cells (MM cells) too, SHP‐1 plays a similar indispensable role in controlling signal transduction required for survival and proliferation, though BLNK (B‐cell‐linker‐protein), a functional equivalent of LAT and SLP‐76 (SH2‐domain‐containing‐leukocyte‐protein‐of‐76‐kDa) in B cells, is used instead of LAT. In both osteoclasts and MM cells, therefore, activated SHP‐1 acts negatively in receptor‐mediated cellular functions. In osteoblasts, however, activated SHP‐1 promotes differentiation, osteocalcin generation, and mineralization by preventing both downregulation of transcription factors, such as Ostrix and Runx2, and degradation of β‐catenin required for activation of the transcription factors. SHP‐1 is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and micromolar doses (M‐dose) of CCRI‐ligand‐induced SHP‐1 activation. Small molecular compounds, such as A770041, Sorafenib, Nitedanib, and Dovitinib, relieve the autoinhibitory conformation. Activation of SHP‐1 by M‐dose CCRI ligands or the compounds described may prevent the progression of bone lesions in MM.
Emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology among heavy‐drinking college men
Authors: Horvath Sarah A. , Kolp Haley M. , Andersen Catherine V. , Johnson Ellen E. , Racine Sarah E. , Borsari Brian , Stuart Gregory L. , Gidycz Christine A. , Shorey Ryan C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited research examining the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology in men or factors that may moderate this association. The current study investigated the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology, and examined emotion dysregulation as a moderator of this association, among heavy‐drinking college men.MethodMen mandated to receive an alcohol intervention (N = 88; average age = 19 years) completed questionnaires related to alcohol use, emotion dysregulation, and eating pathology.ResultsResults demonstrated positive relationships between alcohol use and some eating pathology, and a significant interaction between alcohol use and emotion dysregulation. However, results were contrary to hypotheses, such that there was a positive relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology at low levels of emotion dysregulation.ConclusionFuture studies should continue to examine the overall presentation of eating pathology in men and investigate factors that may impact the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology.
Understanding and interpretation of a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) genetic test result by pediatric providers who do not specialize in genetics
Authors: Menke Chelsea , Nagaraj Chinmayee B. , Dawson Brian , He Hua , Tawde Sanjukta , Wakefield Emily G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe advancement of genetic testing technologies has allowed for better diagnosis and management of patients, but also results in more variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) due to the increased number of genes being analyzed. There are more genetic tests available and more providers who do not specialize in genetics ordering genetic testing, but few studies examining how providers who do not specialize in genetics interpret VUSs. This study surveyed pediatric providers at a midwestern pediatric care center who do not specialize in genetics about their understanding of a mock genetic test report with a VUS result and whether their understanding of the result was associated with experience ordering genetic tests. Participants’ preferences about content of the report and steps taken to understand the result were also examined. Of the 51 participants, 33% correctly answered both knowledge questions about the VUS result: one asking them to interpret the result and one asking them how they would explain the result to the patient. There was no association between answering both knowledge questions correctly and types of previous genetic tests ordered (p > .1 for 8 types of genetic tests), having received a genetic test report with a VUS result (p = .58), having referred patients to a genetics professional (p = .74), or feeling comfortable discussing a positive, negative, or VUS genetic test result (p > .4). This suggests that having previous experience ordering genetic tests does not contribute to the participants’ knowledge about a variant of uncertain significance. Most participants reported that the amount of information in each section of the mock report was adequate. Participants were likely to reference multiple resources to better understand a VUS result, including published literature (82%), gene‐specific databases (67%), and colleagues (63%). While these results cannot be generalized to all institutions, institutions can use the two knowledge questions to determine participants’ understanding of genetic test results. This will help healthcare institutions determine methods that will best aide their providers who order genetic testing but do not specialize in genetics in learning more about the genetic testing process and better utilize results to improve patient care.
Sensitive recognition of ractopamine using GQDs‐DPA as organic fluorescent probe
Authors: Sadinejad Kosar , Mirzaie Arezoo , Pashazadeh‐Panahi Paria , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel spectrofluorimetric sensing platform was designed for Ractopamine measurement in aqueous and plasma samples. d‐penicillamine functionalized graphene quantum dots (DPA‐GQDs) was utilized as a fluorescence probe, which was synthesized through the pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of DPA. This one‐pot down‐top strategy causes to high‐yield controllable synthesis method. The reaction time and probe concentration were optimized. Then, the fluorescence intensity of aqueous samples containing different Ractopamine concentrations and 500 ppm DPA‐GQDs were measured at 25°C with an excitation wavelength of 274 nm. The sensing platform was also applied to detect Ractopamine in untreated plasma samples. The fluorescence spectroscopy technique responses indicated a linear relationship between the peak fluorescence intensity and ractopamine concentration in the range of 0.25‐15 ppm with low limit of quantification of 0.25 ppm was for aqueous and plasma samples, respectively.
Multitask Learning Based Three‐Dimensional Striatal Segmentation of MRI: fMRI and PET Objective Assessments
Authors: Serrano‐Sosa Mario , Van Snellenberg Jared X. , Meng Jiayan , Luceno Jacob R. , Spuhler Karl , Weinstein Jodi J. , Abi‐Dargham Anissa , Slifstein Mark , Huang Chuan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundRecent studies have established a clear topographical and functional organization of projections to and from complex subdivisions of the striatum. Manual segmentation of these functional subdivisions is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming, and automated methods are not as reliable as manual segmentation.PurposeTo utilize multitask learning (MTL) as a method to segment subregions of the striatum consisting of pre‐commissural putamen (prePU), pre‐commissural caudate (preCA), post‐commissural putamen (postPU), post‐commissural caudate (postCA), and ventral striatum (VST).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationEighty‐seven total data sets from patients with schizophrenia and matched controls.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3.0 T, T1‐weighted (SPGR SENSE, 3D BRAVO).AssessmentMTL‐generated segmentations were compared to the Imperial College London Clinical Imaging Center (CIC) atlas. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to compare the automated methods to manual segmentations. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging: 60 minutes of emission data were acquired using [11C]raclopride. Data were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP) with computed tomography (CT) used for attenuation correction. Binding potential values, BPND, and region of interest (ROI) time series and whole‐brain connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were compared between manual and both automated segmentations.Statistical TestsPearson correlation and paired t‐test.ResultsMTL‐generated segmentations showed excellent spatial agreement with manual (DSC ≥0.72 across all striatal subregions). BPND values from MTL‐generated segmentations were shown to correlate well with manual segmentations with R2 ≥ 0.91 in all caudate and putamen subregions, and R2 = 0.69 in VST. Mean Pearson correlation coefficients of the fMRI data between MTL‐generated and manual segmentations were also high in time series (≥0.86) and whole‐brain connectivity (≥0.89) across all subregions.Data ConclusionAcross both PET and fMRI task‐based assessments, results from MTL‐generated segmentations more closely corresponded to results from manually drawn ROIs than CIC‐generated segmentations did. Therefore, the proposed MTL approach is a fast and reliable method for three‐dimensional striatal subregion segmentation with results comparable to manually segmented ROIs.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics‐Based Machine Learning Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Equivocal PI‐RADS 3 Lesions
Authors: Hectors Stefanie J. , Chen Christine , Chen Johnson , Wang Jade , Gordon Sharon , Yu Miko , Al Hussein Al Awamlh Bashir , Sabuncu Mert R. , Margolis Daniel J.A. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWhile Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 4 and 5 lesions typically warrant prostate biopsy and PI‐RADS 1 and 2 lesions may be safely observed, PI‐RADS 3 lesions are equivocal.PurposeTo construct and cross‐validate a machine learning model based on radiomics features from T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) of PI‐RADS 3 lesions to identify clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), that is, pathological Grade Group ≥ 2.Study typeSingle‐center retrospective study.PopulationA total of 240 patients were included (training cohort, n = 188, age range 43–82 years; test cohort, n = 52, age range 41–79 years). Eligibility criteria were 1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted biopsy between 2015 and 2020; 2) PI‐RADS 3 index lesion identified on multiparametric MRI; (3) biopsy performed within 1 year of MRI. The percentages of csPCa lesions were 10.6% and 15.4% in the training and test cohorts, respectively.Field strength/sequenceA 3 T; T2WI turbo‐spin echo, diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo echo planar imaging, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with time‐resolved T1‐weighted imaging.AssessmentMultislice volumes‐of‐interest (VOIs) were drawn in the PI‐RADS 3 index lesions on T2WI. A total of 107 radiomics features (first‐order histogram and second‐order texture) were extracted from the segmented lesions.Statistical TestsA random forest classifier using the radiomics features as input was trained and validated for prediction of csPCa. The performance of the machine learning classifier, prostate specific antigen (PSA) density, and prostate volume for csPCa prediction was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe trained random forest classifier constructed from the T2WI radiomics features good and statistically significant area‐under‐the‐curves (AUCs) of 0.76 (P = 0.022) for prediction of csPCa in the test set. Prostate volume and PSA density showed moderate and nonsignificant performance (AUC 0.62, P = 0.275 and 0.61, P = 0.348, respectively) for csPCa prediction in the test set.ConclusionThe machine learning classifier based on T2WI radiomic features demonstrated good performance for prediction of csPCa in PI‐RADS 3 lesions.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy2
Artificial intelligence techniques in finance and financial markets: A survey of the literature
Authors: Milana Carlo , Ashta Arvind 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBoth academic and nonacademic literature is evolving following the oscillating development of artificial intelligence (AI) and computing power's evolution in their application to finance and financial markets. The limits to economic growth encountered after the financial crisis and, successively, the recent pandemic bursts have posed new challenges to AI‐related technologies. The surveyed publications have given hope in harvesting improved efficiency, new data, information, advisory and management services, risk mitigation, and some unanswered questions regarding negative impacts on sustainable growth and increasing economic welfare.
Artificial intelligence and fintech: An overview of opportunities and risks for banking, investments, and microfinance
Authors: Ashta Arvind , Herrmann Heinz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is creating a rush of opportunities in the financial sector, but financial organizations need to be aware of the risks inherent in the use of this technology. Financial organizations are integrating AI in their operations: in‐house, outsourced, or ecosystem‐based. The growth of AI‐based fintech firms has encouraged several mergers and acquisitions among financial service providers and wealth managers as they grapple with volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. AI's unique promise of combined cost reduction and increased differentiation makes it generally attractive across the board. However, perhaps other than fraud detection, these benefits depend on the scale of an organization. Risk arises from nonrepresentative data, bias inherent in representative data, choice of algorithms, and human decisions, based on their AI interpretations (and whether humans are involved at all once AI has been unleashed). Risk reduction requires a vigilant division of labour between AI and humans for the foreseeable future.
Comparison of econometric and deep learning approaches for credit default classification
Authors: Baghdasaryan Vardan , Davtyan Hrant , Grigoryan Aleksandr , Khachatryan Knar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe deep‐learning model outperforms the conventional structured models developed by using econometric techniques. Instead, econometric techniques provide an important insight into specific factors and their contribution to default probability. Using data from an Armenian universal credit organization that contains financial and nonfinancial variables of more than 9,000 borrowers of agriculture loans from 2012 to 2017 years, we compare deep neural networks' performance against conventional and widely used econometric techniques. Delays on past loans, together with loan size and currency, are major factors contributing to loan default probability prediction accuracy. The set of statistically significant or important variables differs between econometric and deep learning models proving that the latter can capture nonlinear relationships.
Information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence, and the fight against money laundering in Africa
Authors: Couchoro Mawuli K. , Sodokin Koffi , Koriko Moubarak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe risk of money laundering induced by information and communication technologies (ICT) in the financial sector could be controlled by adopting artificial intelligence systems and increased security investment in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The establishment of a regulatory framework for controlling ICT is necessary to combat capital laundering effectively. Poverty and unemployment harm the struggle against money laundering. The fight against corruption and political stability contribute positively to policies against money laundering.
Antecedents of intention to adopt artificial intelligence services by consumers in personal financial investing
Authors: Atwal Glyn , Bryson Douglas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntecedents of intention to adopt artificial intelligence and robo‐advisory services from the German private investors' perspective may guide future adoption behavior. This paper raises the question to what extent German investors' is willing to use robo‐advisory services instead of a human advisor to manage their investments. The exploratory study identified the following constructs that impact the intention to use artificial intelligence to invest: perceived risk, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influences, and intention to use. Findings from this study can help inform marketers when developing strategies to foster awareness and the adoption of robo‐advisors.
An exploratory study of the adoption of artificial intelligence in Burgundy's wine industry
Authors: Atwal Glyn , Bryson Douglas , Williams Alistair 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this exploratory study is to identify which factors enable or inhibit artificial intelligence adoption within the wine sector and specifically for the Burgundy region. Findings revealed that the winegrower's adoption intention could be assessed according to (a) perceived benefits, (b) organizational readiness, and (c) external pressure.