bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The city centre as an age-friendly shopping environment: a consumer perspective
Authors: Kohijoki Anna-Maija , Koistinen Katri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrban population ageing has significant implications for city centres catering for an increasing number of older consumers. To guide world cities on taking action in response to population ageing, the World Health Organization (WHO) has addressed the universal features of the age-friendly city. This study applies the WHO guideline to the context of shopping. With an emphasis on older consumers, the perceptions of the city centre as a physical and social shopping environment are studied. Using a qualitative content analysis, older consumers’ perceptions (focus-group participants aged 64–94) are analysed based on the age-friendly city features. The perceptions are compared with those of younger consumers (qualitative-survey respondents aged 21–41). The study confirms the significance of older city shoppers, and suggests their needs and wants should be taken into account in urban development projects. The older consumers differ from younger consumers in their city-shopping behaviour and perceptions in many respects. The age groups highlighted the same themes, but mainly with dissimilar content. This indicates that measures to develop a city centre friendlier to older consumers also benefit their younger counterparts, but for different reasons. It is necessary to understand this disparity to create a city-centre shopping environment that is friendly for different ages. The study offers new perspectives on responding to the challenges that consumer ageing poses to Western cities.
Mind the evidence gap: the use of patient-based evidence to create “complete HTA” in the twenty-first century
Authors: Staniszewska Sophie , Söderholm Werkö Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to review the concept of patient-based evidence in health technology assessment (HTA), drawing on philosophical ideas of knowledge in order to judge whether current approaches to the use of evidence for HTA are complete. We draw on a number of key sources, including key papers and book chapters, discussion forums, agency reports, and conference presentations. We develop the potential dimensions of patient-based evidence, describe its key attributes, and consider its future development. Patient-based evidence has the potential to be a key concept in HTA, comprised of a series of related elements of importance to patients. We recognize that we raise more questions than can be answered, but as an emerging concept, recognition and understanding of patient-based evidence is still developing. The concepts and methods that support its application in HTA require urgent development. We conclude that clinical and economic forms of evidence are not enough for HTA. For HTA to be complete, we need to consider all relevant aspects of the phenomena, including patient-based evidence. There is now an urgent need for the global research and HTA community to work together to realize the full potential of patient-based evidence through conceptual and methodological development and wider recognition. We advocate that a task force be set up to address these urgent issues.
The contribution of French patient and consumer groups to health technology assessments over a 2-year period: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Gesbert Cedric , André-Vert Joëlle , Guerrier Marc , Galbraith Margaret , Devaud Christine , Dupont Jean-Claude K. , Mamzer Marie-France 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
In 2017, The French National Authority for Health (HAS) created an open, online, systematic contribution process to enable patient and consumer groups (PCGs) to contribute to health technology assessment (HTA) carried out to aid public authorities in reimbursement and pricing decision making.

Objectives
This retrospective study analyzes how French PCGs contributed to the HTA process within the HAS for the first 2 years of this new mechanism.

Methods
PCG contributions received between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 and the recording of deliberations leading to reports of the corresponding HTAs were included. Analysis grids were designed by the investigators with 5 rounds of refinement tests on 10 random PCG contributions and the reports. Systematic data extraction was then performed separately by two investigators. PCG answers to the open-question templates and the related final HTA report published by the HAS were analyzed.

Results
Seventy-nine contributions from 44 PCGs were received and analyzed by the HAS for 78 out of the 592 HTAs performed for drugs or medical devices during the 2-year period. Twenty-five percent of the HTAs performed for drugs received at least one contribution. The contributions covered quality-of-life aspects, access to care, and personal and family impact. Membership and budget of the contributing PCGs varied greatly.

Conclusions
The experience gained in the first 2 years demonstrates the feasibility of the process and the fact that PCG contribution actually provides relevant input on the patient perspective for HTAs used for reimbursement decisions. The challenges identified on the side of PCGs were time constraints and human resources.
Acquired and progressive coronary arterial fistulae in patients with single-ventricle physiology and treated with pulmonary vasodilators
Authors: Kishi Kanta , Katayama Hiroshi , Nemoto Shintaro , Ozaki Noriyasu , Odanaka Yutaka , Ashida Atsuko , Konishi Hayato , Ashida Akira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmia, and hepatic fibrosis are well-known complications after right heart bypass surgery in patients with single-ventricle physiology. However, little is known about coronary arterial fistulae, and only a few reports have been published. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of these rare coronary arterial fistulae that developed as complications in cases of single-ventricle physiology after right heart bypass surgery.Methods:We retrospectively investigated the clinical features and courses of patients who developed acquired and progressive coronary arterial fistulae after right heart bypass surgery in our hospital.Results:We identified three cases of coronary arterial fistulae out of 21 patients who underwent right heart bypass surgery. All three cases underwent cardiac catheterisation for post-operative evaluation and were administered pulmonary vasodilators of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors, antiplatelet, anticoagulation, and diuretics. Moreover, they had common clinical features such as right-dominant single ventricle and long-term exposure to chronic hypoxia. Serial angiograms revealed acquired and progressive coronary arterial fistulae. In addition, coronary arterial fistulae contributed to their symptoms of heart failure.Conclusion:Patients with chronic hypoxia and dominant right ventricle, who are treated with phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors, should be followed up after right heart bypass surgery to monitor the possible development of coronary arterial fistulae. Moreover, the indication for pulmonary vasodilators in single-ventricle physiology after right heart bypass surgery should be optimised to avoid adverse effects.
Prognostic Value of Learning and Retention Measures from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to Identify Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Grober Ellen , Wang Cuiling , Kitner-Triolo Melissa , Lipton Richard B. , Kawas Claudia , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To compare the predictive validity of learning and retention measures from the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR) for identifying incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:Learning was defined by the sum of free recall (FR) and retention by delayed free recall (DFR) tested 15–20 min later. Totally, 1422 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants (mean age 69.6 years, 54% male, mean 16.7 years of education) without dementia or MCI received the pFCSRT + IR at baseline and were followed longitudinally. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effect of baseline learning and retention on risk of MCI.Results:In total, 187 participants developed MCI over a median of 8.1 years of follow-up. FR and DFR each predicted incident MCI adjusting for age, sex, and education. Also, each independently predicted incident MCI in the presence of the other with similar effect sizes: around 20% decrease in the hazard of MCI corresponding to one standard deviation increase in FR or DFR.Conclusion:The practice of preferring retention over learning to predict incident MCI should be reconsidered. The decision to include retention should be guided by time constraints and patient burden.
Identification and reproducibility of dietary patterns assessed with a FFQ among women planning pregnancy
Authors: Lim Shan Xuan , Colega Marjorelee T , M Ayob M Na’im , Robinson Sian M , Godfrey Keith M , Bernard Jonathan Y , Lee Yung Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Yap Fabian , Shek Lynette PC , Chong Yap Seng , Eriksson Johan G , Chan Jerry KY , Chan Shiao Yng , Chong Mary FF 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To identifya posterioridietary patterns among women planning pregnancy and assess the reproducibility of these patterns in a subsample using two dietary assessment methods.Design:A semi-quantitative FFQ was administered to women enrolled in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes study. Dietary patterns from the FFQ were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In a subsample of women (n289), 3-d food diaries (3DFD) were also completed and analysed. Reproducibility of the identified patterns was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the subsample, and goodness of fit of the CFA models was examined using several fit indices. Subsequently, EFA was conducted in the subsample and dietary patterns of the FFQ and the 3DFD were compared.Setting:Singapore.Participants:1007 women planning pregnancy (18–45 years).Results:Three dietary patterns were identified from the FFQ: the ‘Fish, Poultry/Meat and Noodles’ pattern was characterised by higher intakes of fish, poultry/meat and noodles in soup; ‘Fast Food and Sweetened Beverages’ pattern was characterised by higher intakes of fast food, sweetened beverages and fried snacks; ‘Bread, Legumes and Dairy’ pattern was characterised by higher intakes of buns/ethnic breads, nuts/legumes and dairy products. The comparative fit indices from the CFA models were 0·79 and 0·34 for the FFQ and 3DFD of the subsample, respectively. In the subsample, three similar patterns were identified in the FFQ while only two for the 3DFD.Conclusions:Dietary patterns from the FFQ are reproducible within this cohort, providing a basis for future investigations on diet and health outcomes.
Status of weedy rice (Oryzaspp.) infestation and management practices in southern Brazil
Authors: Avila Luis Antonio de , Noldin José Alberto , Mariot Carlos H. P. , Massoni Paulo F. S. , Fipke Marcus V. , Gehrke Vinicios R. , Merotto Aldo , Tomita Flavia M. , Matos André B. , Facioni Gelson , Vieira Edinei B. , Rosa Eduardo S. , Santis Roger P. , Camargo Edinalvo R. , Theisen Giovani , Roma-Burgos Nilda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeedy rice (WR) (Oryzaspp.) is the most troublesome weed infesting rice paddies in Brazil. Several changes have occurred in this region regarding crop management, especially WR control based on the Clearfield®(CL) rice production system launched in 2003. This survey’s objective was to evaluate the WR infestation status by assessing the producers’ perception and the management practices used in southern Brazil after 18 yr of CL use in Brazil. Rice consultants and extension agents distributed a questionnaire to 213 producers in the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states in the 2018 to 2019 growing season. In RS, most farms are larger than 150 ha, and farmers have adopted the CL system for more than 2 yr and use minimal or conventional tillage, permanent flooding, clomazone PRE tank-mixed with glyphosate at the rice spiking stage, and crop rotation with soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] or pasture. In SC, rice farms are small, averaging from 20 to 30 ha, farmers predominantly plant pre-germinated rice and do not rotate rice with other crops, and roguing is practiced. Comparing both states, the CL system is used in 99.5% and 69.3% of the total surveyed rice areas in RS and SC, respectively. Imidazolinone-resistant WR is present in 68.4% and 26.6% of rice farms in RS and SC, respectively. Rice cultivation in Brazil is currently coexisting with WR with minimal integration of control methods. However, integrated practices can control this weed and are fundamental to the sustainability of systems based on herbicide-resistant rice cultivars.
Tuning Sedimentation Through Surface Charge and Particle Shape
Authors: Seiphoori Ali , Gunn Andrew , Kosgodagan Acharige Sébastien , Arratia Paulo E. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMud forms the foundation of many coastal and tidal environments. Clay suspensions carried downstream from rivers encounter saline waters, which encourages aggregation and sedimentation by reducing electrostatic repulsion among particles. We perform experiments to examine the effects of surface charge on both the rate and style of sedimentation, using kaolinite particles as a model mud suspension and silica spheres with equivalent hydrodynamic radius as a control. Classic hindered settling theory reasonably describes sedimentation rate for repulsive clay particles and silica spheres, which form a highly concentrated jamming front. The hindered settling description breaks down for attractive clay particles, which aggregate to form clay gels that consolidate like a soft solid. Water flow form fracture‐like channels in the bulk of the gel, which disappear as gel enters a creep regime. Results may help toward understanding the effect of surface charge and particle shape on the sedimentation and erodibility of natural mud.
Limited Influence of Localized Tropical Sea‐Surface Temperatures on Moisture Transport into the Arctic
Authors: Dunn‐Sigouin Etienne , Li Camille , Kushner Paul J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArctic moisture transport is dominated by planetary‐scale waves in reanalysis. Planetary waves are influenced by localized Sea‐Surface Temperature (SST) features such as the tropical warm pool. Here, an aquaplanet model is used to clarify the link between tropical SST anomalies and Arctic moisture transport. In a zonally uniform setup with no climatological east‐west gradients, Arctic moisture transport is dominated by transient planetary waves, as in reanalysis. Warming tropical SSTs by heating the ocean strengthens Arctic moisture transport, mediated mostly by changes in water vapor rather than eddies. This strengthening occurs whether the tropical warming is zonally uniform or localized. Cooling tropical SSTs weakens Arctic moisture transport; however, unlike warming, the pattern matters, with localized cooling producing stronger transport changes owing to nonlinear feedbacks in the surface energy budget. Thus, the simulations show that localized tropical SST anomalies influence Arctic moisture transport differently than uniform anomalies, but only in cooling scenarios.
Spatial Variation of Extreme Rainfall Observed From Two Century‐Long Datasets
Authors: Wang H. , Xuan Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the spatial variation of area‐orientated annual maximum daily rainfall (AMDR), represented by well‐fitted generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions, over the last century in Great Britain (GB) and Australia (AU) with respect to three spatial properties: geographic locations, sizes, and shapes of the region‐of‐interest (ROI). The results show that the spatial variation of GEV location‐scale parameters is dominated by geographic locations and area sizes. In GB, there is an eastward‐decreasing banded pattern compared with a concentrically increasing pattern from the middle to coasts in AU. The parameters tend to decrease with increased area sizes in both studied regions. Although the impact of the ROI shapes is insignificant, the round‐shaped regions usually have higher‐valued parameters than the elongated ones. These findings provide a new perspective to understand the heterogeneity of extreme rainfall distribution over space driven by the complex interactions between climate, geographical features, and the practical sampling approaches.
The Role of Grain Size and Effective Normal Stress on Localization and the Frictional Stability of Simulated Quartz Gouge
Authors: Bedford John D. , Faulkner Daniel R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor earthquakes to occur on tectonic faults deformation localizes onto discrete slip surfaces within the gouge material of the fault core. Here, we investigate how localization is promoted in quartz gouge, a material known to exhibit unstable stick‐slip behavior, by assessing the role of grain size and effective normal stress () on microstructural evolution and frictional behavior. We observe stable sliding, slow‐slip instability, and stick‐slip with increasing displacement. We find that initially fine‐grained gouge and high promotes unstable stick‐slip behavior, whereas slow‐slip is more prevalent at low . Microstructural analyses of the sheared gouges show that stick‐slip behavior occurs after localization of deformation on to discrete Y‐shears, which undergo a significant cataclastic grain size reduction relative to the bulk of the gouge, a process enhanced by high . Our results show that localization and instability are promoted by high effective normal stress and small grain size.
A Long‐Term Study of Mars Mesospheric Clouds Seen at Twilight Based on Mars Express VMC Images
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal J. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Hueso R. , Ravanis E. , Cardesín‐Moinelo A. , Wood S. , Titov D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present the first systematic study of clouds observed during twilight on Mars. We analyze images obtained by the Visual Monitoring Camera on Mars Express between 2007 and 2020. Using an automated retrieval algorithm, we found 407 cases of clouds observed at twilight, in which the geometry of the observations allows to derive the minimum altitude, revealing that many of these clouds are in the mesosphere (above 40 km and up to 90 km). The majority of these mesospheric clouds were detected in mid‐latitudes at local autumn and winter, a new trend only hinted at by previous studies. In particular, we find a massive concentration of clouds in the southern mid‐latitudes between Terra Cimmeria and Aonia, a region where high altitude events have been previously observed. We propose that there is an unknown mechanism in these regions that enhances the probability to host high altitude clouds around the southern winter solstice.
Description of the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS‐CF v1.0
Authors: Keller Christoph A. , Knowland K. Emma , Duncan Bryan N. , Liu Junhua , Anderson Daniel C. , Das Sampa , Lucchesi Robert A. , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Nicely Julie M. , Nielsen Eric , Ott Lesley E. , Saunders Emily , Strode Sarah A. , Wales Pamela A. , Jacob Daniel J. , Pawson Steven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS‐CF) system is a high‐resolution (0.25°) global constituent prediction system from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). GEOS‐CF offers a new tool for atmospheric chemistry research, with the goal to supplement NASA's broad range of space‐based and in‐situ observations. GEOS‐CF expands on the GEOS weather and aerosol modeling system by introducing the GEOS‐Chem chemistry module to provide hindcasts and 5‐days forecasts of atmospheric constituents including ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The chemistry module integrated in GEOS‐CF is identical to the offline GEOS‐Chem model and readily benefits from the innovations provided by the GEOS‐Chem community. Evaluation of GEOS‐CF against satellite, ozonesonde and surface observations for years 2018–2019 show realistic simulated concentrations of O3, NO2, and CO, with normalized mean biases of −0.1 to 0.3, normalized root mean square errors between 0.1–0.4, and correlations between 0.3–0.8. Comparisons against surface observations highlight the successful representation of air pollutants in many regions of the world and during all seasons, yet also highlight current limitations, such as a global high bias in SO2 and an overprediction of summertime O3 over the Southeast United States. GEOS‐CF v1.0 generally overestimates aerosols by 20%–50% due to known issues in GEOS‐Chem v12.0.1 that have been addressed in later versions. The 5‐days forecasts have skill scores comparable to the 1‐day hindcast. Model skills can be improved significantly by applying a bias‐correction to the surface model output using a machine‐learning approach.
The 2020 Eruption and Large Lateral Dike Emplacement at Taal Volcano, Philippines: Insights From Satellite Radar Data
Authors: Bato M. G. , Lundgren P. , Pinel V. , Solidum R. , Daag A. , Cahulogan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn January 12, 2020, Taal volcano, Philippines, erupted after 43 years of repose, affecting more than 500,000 people. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, we present the pre‐ to post‐eruption analyses of the deformation of Taal. We find that: (1) prior to eruption, the volcano experienced long‐term deflation followed by short‐term inflation, reflecting the depressurization‐pressurization of its ∼5 km depth magma reservoir; (2) during the eruption, the magma reservoir lost a volume of 0.531 ± 0.004 km3 while a 0.643 ± 0.001 km3 lateral dike was emplaced; and (3) post‐eruption analyses reveal that the magma reservoir started recovery approximately 3 weeks after the main eruptive phase. We propose a conceptual analysis explaining the eruption and address why, despite the large volume of magma emplaced, the dike remained at depth. We also report the unique and significant contribution of InSAR data during the peak of the crisis.