bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Use in Juvenile Spondyloarthropathy and Impact on Clinical Disease Outcomes
Authors: Oliver Melissa , Simard Julia F. , Lee Tzielan , Gerstbacher Dana , Sandborg Christy 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to characterize the reasons for tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) initiation in patients with juvenile spondyloarthropathy (JSpA) and identify clinical correlates and to assess the effect of TNFi therapy on JSpA disease activity.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 86 patients with JSpA with first‐time use of a TNFi over a 7‐year period at Stanford Children's Health. We assessed the physician's reason for TNFi initiation, disease activity at 6 months, and clinical disease status at 12 months following TNFi start. Changes in active joint count, enthesitis count, and pain were measured. Demographics, physician reasons for TNFi initiation, and clinical characteristics were summarized.ResultsThe mean age at JSpA diagnosis was 12.4 years (SD 4.0 years), and the mean time from diagnosis to TNFi initiation was 1.6 years (SD 2.3 years). The most common reason for initiating a TNFi was active disease on physical examination (61%). At 6 months post TNFi initiation, patients on average had three fewer active joints and one fewer active enthesitis point. Patient‐reported pain improved from moderate/severe to mild. After 12 months, 54% of patients had active disease.ConclusionThe physician's decision to initiate a TNFi relied mostly on physical examination findings. Despite improvement in arthritis, enthesitis, and patient‐reported pain at 6 months post TNFi initiation, the majority of the patients still had active disease after 1 year of therapy.
Finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control for a class of output constrained nonlinear systems with dead‐zone
Authors: Liu Mengru , Zhang Weihai , Ma Limin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe article investigates the finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with output constraint and input dead‐zone. First, by skillfully combining the barrier Lyapunov function, backstepping design method, and finite‐time control theory, a novel adaptive state‐feedback tracking controller is constructed, and the output constraint of the nonlinear system is not violated. Second, the fuzzy logic system is used to approximate unknown function in the nonlinear system. Third, the finite‐time command filter is introduced to avoid the problem of “complexity explosion” caused by repeated differentiations of the virtual control signal in conventional backstepping control schemes. Meanwhile, a new saturation function is added in the compensating signal for filter error to improve control accuracy. Finally, based on Lyapunov stability analysis, all the signals of the closed‐loop are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood region of the origin in a finite time. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness for the proposed control scheme.
Packing Sulfur Species by Phosphorene‐Derived Catalytic Interface for Electrolyte‐Lean Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiangqi , Wu Tiantian , Pan Yu , Zhu Jian , Chen Xia , Peng Chengxin , Shu Chengyong , Kong Long , Tang Wei , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries is hampered by the sluggish redox reaction kinetics and severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) migration, especially under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte scenarios. Strategies to catalyze the sulfur liquid/solid conversion within a “hermetic” nano‐container have been proposed, where the LiPS migration and sluggish reaction kinetics can be simultaneously addressed. Herein, to realize rapid LiPS conversion and slow LiPS migration, the sulfur species are packed by a hermetic catalytic interface, constructed by the phosphorene/graphene heterostructure. The 2D phosphorene/graphene stacking has two unique benefits: 1) a direct electron transfer avoiding any insulating media, resulting in an exceptional catalytic effect on LiPS conversion; ii) favorable charge rearrangement that enhances chemisorption toward LiPS and limits LiPS crossover. The proposed highly flexible hermetic interface with strong van der Waals serves as a bifunctional nano‐container to pack sulfur species and promote sulfur redox reactions, which gives rise to excellent battery performances: a high areal capacity of 5.57 mAh cm−2 under a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.7 mL g−1. This work affords a coupling strategy that embraces interfacial and structural engineering to promote kinetic reactions of sulfur conversions under electrolyte‐lean conditions.
Grain‐Boundary‐Rich Artificial SEI Layer for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Chao , Liang Qianwen , Wang Gang , Liu Dongdong , Xiong Xunhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sluggish lithium diffusion at the electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the main obstacles to achieve superior rate capability of Li metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Herein, a dense and uniform inorganic solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer composed of ZrO2, Li2O, Li3N, and LiNxOy is constructed on the surface of Li metal via the spontaneous reaction between Li metal and zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO3)2) solution in dimethyl sulfoxide. The abundant grain boundaries in the artificial SEI created by the multicomponent enable the rapid diffusion of Li ions at the interface. As a result, the Li metal anode treated with zirconyl nitrate (LiZrO(NO3)2@Li) delivers a stable cycle performance of over 550 h at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. When paired with a high‐loading LiCoO2 cathode (19 mg cm−2), the LiZrO(NO3)2@Li anode shows much enhanced rate performance and long‐term cycle stability without Li dendrite formation. The construction of an inorganic SEI layer with a high density of grain boundary provides new insights for the design of high‐rate and dendrite‐free Li metal anodes for high‐energy‐density batteries.
Combined Methylglyoxal Scavenger and Collagen Hydrogel Therapy Prevents Adverse Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function Post‐Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cimenci Cagla Eren , Blackburn Nick J. R. , Sedlakova Veronika , Pupkaite Justina , Munoz Marcelo , Rotstein Benjamin H. , Spiegel David A. , Alarcon Emilio I. , Suuronen Erik J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl and the main precursor of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs). After myocardial infarction (MI), MG‐derived AGEs accumulate in the heart and contribute to adverse remodeling and loss of cardiac function. In this study, the flavonoid fisetin, a dicarbonyl scavenger, is used to reduce the negative effects of MG in the post‐MI heart. A fisetin‐loaded collagen type I hydrogel (fisetin‐HG) is injected intramyocardially in mice at 3 h post‐MI, and compared to fisetin‐alone, hydrogel‐alone, or saline treatment. Fisetin‐HG treatment increases the level of glyoxalase‐1 (the main MG‐metabolizing enzyme), reduces MG‐AGE accumulation, and decreases oxidative stress in the MI heart, which is associated with smaller scar size and improved cardiac function. Treatment with fisetin‐HG also promotes neovascularization and increases the number of pro‐healing macrophages in the infarct area, while reducing the number of pro‐inflammatory macrophages. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the fisetin‐collagen hydrogel therapy can reduce the accumulation and negative effects of MG post‐MI. This therapy may be a promising approach to limit adverse cardiac remodeling, prevent damage, and preserve function of the infarcted heart.
Zwitterion‐Initiated Spontaneously Polymerized Super Adhesive Showing Real‐Time Deployable and Long‐Term High‐Strength Adhesion against Various Harsh Environments
Authors: Cui Chunyan , Gu Ruoheng , Wu Tengling , Yuan Zuoying , Fan Chuanchuan , Yao Yuan , Xu Ziyang , Liu Bo , Huang Jianyong , Liu Wenguang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReal‐time deployment of adhesives and achieving long‐term and high‐strength adhesion in various harsh environments remains a significant challenge both in the engineering field and daily life. Herein, the authors report the construction of a super adhesive based on an entirely new mechanism of zwitterion‐initiated polymerization. This adhesive can be formed quickly by the rapid spontaneous polymerization of 4‐aminostyrene (4‐AS) in the presence of acidic polyanion aqueous solution initiated by zwitterions. Direct adhesion and curing process of the adhesive is independent of the environment, and it can be completely cured within 20 min to strongly glue diverse materials spanning from plastics to inorganic substances and metal in various environments (water, acid, alkali, seawater, oil, organic solvent, and low temperature), supposedly due to their marvelous ability to repel the surface liquid barrier layer and form multiple interactions with adherend. Remarkably, this adhesive can maintain high‐strength and long‐term adhesion to different materials surfaces, quickly repairing broken containers in various conditions. The zwitterion‐initiated spontaneous polymerization provides a new strategy for constructing an eco‐benign high‐strength adhesive with an ability to bond a wide variety of materials with long‐term stability against various severe environments.
A Regioselectively Oxidized 2D Bi/BiOx Lateral Nano‐Heterostructure for Hypoxic Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Qiu Meng , Wang Dou , Huang Hao , Yin Teng , Bao Wenli , Zhang Bin , Xie Zhongjian , Xie Ni , Wu Zongze , Ge Chenchen , Wang Qi , Gu Meng , Kutscher Hilliard L. , Liu Liping , Bao Shiyun , Prasad Paras N. , Zhang Han 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptoelectronic science and 2D nanomaterial technologies are currently at the forefront of multidisciplinary research and have numerous applications in electronics and photonics. The unique energy and optically induced interfacial electron transfer in these nanomaterials, enabled by their relative band alignment characteristics, can provide important therapeutic modalities for healthcare. Given that nano‐heterostructures can facilitate photoinduced electron–hole separation and enhance generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2D nano‐heterostructure‐based photosensitizers can provide a major advancement in photodynamic therapy (PDT), to overcome the current limitations in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Herein, a bismuthene/bismuth oxide (Bi/BiOx)‐based lateral nano‐heterostructure synthesized using a regioselective oxidation process is introduced, which, upon irradiation at 660 nm, effectively generates 1O2 under normoxia but produces cytotoxic •OH and H2 under hypoxia, which synergistically enhances PDT. Furthermore, this Bi/BiOx nano‐heterostructure is biocompatible and biodegradable, and, with the surface molecular engineering used here, it improves tumor tissue penetration and increases cellular uptake during in vitro and in vivo experiments, yielding excellent oxygen‐independent tumor ablation with 660 nm irradiation, when compared with traditional PDT agents.
Quantitatively Discriminating Alcohol Molecules by Thermally Modulating NiO‐Based Sensor Arrays
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Hongyu , Chang Junqing , Dai Tiantian , Nagashima Kazuki , Deng Zanhong , Yanagida Takeshi , Fang Xiaodong , Meng Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough temperature modulation of a single (nonselective) semiconductor gas sensor has demonstrated its great capability on discriminating gas molecules, quantitative analysis of the type and concentration of structurally similar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) molecules remains a significant challenge. In this work, as an alternative to a single oxide sensor, sensor arrays composed of four types of NiO‐based sensor synchronously perform thermal modulation with a unique programmed cooling temperature profile. Apart from improved category discrimination by using entire sensor arrays, the peak temperature of the temperature profile plays an important role in distinguishing the concentration difference induced by subtle variations of the electrical responses. A high peak temperature of ≈300 °C facilitates concentration discrimination (with an accuracy ratio of 85.9%). This work highlights the importance of the peak temperature in (simultaneous) quantitative analysis of the types and concentrations of VOCs molecules with similar properties.
A Novel Neural Network Cell Method for Solving Nonlinear Electromagnetic Problems
Authors: Zhu Gaojia , Li Longnv , Fu Weinong , Xue Ming , Liu Tao , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective analysis of nonlinear electromagnetic fields is essential for the accurate modeling of electromagnetic devices, such as transformers, generators, and motors. This paper proposes a novel approach of coupled neural network (NN) and cell method (CM) or NNCM for solving nonlinear electromagnetic problems with ferromagnetic domains. While the topologically linear relations of the cell complexes are mathematically assembled through a transformation in the Tonti diagram by the CM, and the constitutive nonlinear magnetic relations are dealt with by partially connected NN for the fast prediction of the permeability distribution inside the ferromagnetic domain. Since the construction of NN is directly related to the grid connections, a partially connected NN structure with a small number of neurons can reduce the computational cost of the training process. By using a compact NN, the proposed NNCM can effectively eliminate the time consuming iterations for determining the nonlinear permeability distribution, and improve the computational efficiency significantly. The NNCM is employed to analyze the transient electromagnetic field distribution inside a cylindrical ferromagnetic core. The results are compared with those obtained by the traditional iterative CM, which determines the nonlinear permeability distribution by lengthy numerical iterations, to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed NNCM.
The m6A Readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 Synergistically Control Cerebellar Parallel Fiber Growth by Regulating Local Translation of the Key Wnt5a Signaling Components in Axons
Authors: Yu Jun , She Yuanchu , Yang Lixin , Zhuang Mengru , Han Peng , Liu Jianhui , Lin Xiaoyan , Wang Nijia , Chen Mengxian , Jiang Chunxuan , Zhang Yujia , Yuan Yujing , Ji Sheng‐Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMessenger RNA m6A modification is shown to regulate local translation in axons. However, how the m6A codes in axonal mRNAs are read and decoded by the m6A reader proteins is still unknown. Here, it is found that the m6A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 are both expressed in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) and their axons. Knockdown (KD) of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 significantly increases GC axon growth rates in vitro. By integrating anti‐YTHDF1&2 RIP‐Seq with the quantitative proteomic analysis or RNA‐seq after KD of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2, a group of transcripts which may mediate the regulation of GC axon growth by YTHDFs is identified. Among them, Dvl1 and Wnt5a, encoding the key components of Wnt pathway, are further found to be locally translated in axons, which are controlled by YTHDF1 and YTHDF2, respectively. Specific ablation of Ythdf1 or Ythdf2 in GCs increases parallel fiber growth, promotes synapse formation in cerebellum in vivo, and improves motor coordination ability. Together, this study identifies a mechanism by which the m6A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 work synergistically on the Wnt5a pathway through regulating local translation in GC axons to control cerebellar parallel fiber development.
Facile Synthesis of Atomic Fe‐N‐C Materials and Dual Roles Investigation of Fe‐N4 Sites in Fenton‐Like Reactions
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Bin , Li Yang , Fan Xiaobin , Zhang Fengbao , Zhang Guoliang , Peng Wenchao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFenton‐like reactions with persulfates as the oxidants have attracted increasing attentions for the remediation of emerging antibiotic pollutions. However, developing effective activators with outstanding activities and long‐term stabilities remains a great challenge in these reactions. Herein, a novel activator is successfully synthesized with single iron atoms anchored on porous N‐doped carbon (Fe‐N‐PC) by a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The single Fe atoms are coordinated with four N atoms according to the XANES, and the Fe‐N4‐PC shows enhanced activity for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of single Fe atoms will regulate the main active sites from graphite N into Fe‐N4, thus could enhance the stability and tune the PMS activation pathway from non‐radical into radical dominated process. In addition, the N atoms connected with single Fe atoms in the Fe‐N4‐C structure can be used to enhance the adsorption of organic molecules on these materials. Therefore, the Fe‐N4‐C here has dual roles for antibiotics adsorption and PMS activation. The CVD synthesized Fe‐N4‐C shows enhanced performance in persulfates based Fenton‐like reactions, thus has great potential in the environmental remediation field.
Genotype identification for a water saving trait: Exploring early stomatal closure under soil drying among mid‐South soybean
Authors: Purdom Sam , Shekoofa Avat , McClure Angela , Pantalone Vince , Arelli Prakash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is necessary to understand the differences in physiological responses to water deficit stress of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes in order to breed for drought‐tolerant soybean genotypes better suited to water‐limited environments in the U.S. mid‐South region. Using controlled environment and field trials, this study identified soybean genotypes that conserve water through differences in their stomatal response under soil water deficit to determine if this trait confers a yield advantage. Research was conducted from 2017 to 2020 at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center in Jackson, TN. Seventeen mid‐South soybean genotypes (i.e., both, breeding lines and modern commercial soybean) were investigated for an early stomatal closure trait during progressive soil drying under controlled environment conditions. Under field conditions, portable rainout shelters installed when the plant canopies of most genotypes had reached at least 80% canopy closure to impose water deficit stress to nine selected genotypes for field observation of wilting score (WS) and early stomatal closure. Differences were observed among genotypes in their early stomatal closure thresholds with progressive soil drying in the controlled environment. The range in fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) thresholds among 17 tested genotypes was 0.33–0.76. Based on our experimental approaches in 4 yr of field studies, genotypes Ellis and USG Allen consistently expressed an early decrease in transpiration rate with progressive soil drying, delayed wilting in the field when soil water deficit developed under rainout shelters, and greater yield when grown in simulated drought conditions.
Study on SFE‐CO2 and chemical composition of thuja essential oil
Authors: Song Junyang , Zhang Zetian , Lv Ruixue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThuja (Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.) (family Cupressaceae) is a Chinese endemic plant once declared extinct in China. After being rediscovered in 1999, it attracted the attention of domestic scholars. This study aimed to investigate the extraction process and composition of the essential oil from thuja to provide a reference for further research. The main xylem of thuja collected from the Qinling‐Bashan mountains was used as the experimental material. The essential oil of thuja was extracted by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE‐CO2) process, and the composition of the essential oil was detected by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and extraction dynamic time were the main factors influencing the extraction rate. The optimal conditions for the extraction include the following: maintaining the extraction pressure at 20 MPa, extracting for 60 min at 45 °C, and maintaining the CO2 flow rate at 1.5 L min–1 at 120 °C. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the oil extraction rates of three verification experiments were 18.87, 18.63, and 19.07%. The GC‐MS detected 136 components from the extracted thuja essential oil, and 75 components were identified. The main components of the essential oil were cis‐thujopsene (23.54%) and cedrol (13.08%). In this study, the optimal process for SFE‐CO2 of essential oil from the xylem of thuja was obtained. Under this optimized process, the average oil content was 18.86%.
Maize–legume systems under conservation agriculture
Authors: Bitew Yayeh , Derebe Bitwoded , Worku Abebe , Chakelie Gobezie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil fertility depletion due to land degradation and poor cropping diversity have resulted in poor crop yield in sub‐Saharan Africa. On‐farm experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conservation agriculture (CA)‐based maize (Zea maysL.)–legume cropping systems and conventional tillage (CT) on soil properties and yield of maize. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiments were continued for 3 yr from 2012 to 2014. The treatments were: CT with monoculture maize (CT‐M), CA with monoculture maize (CA‐M), CA‐based maize–common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) intercropping (CA‐M+CB), CA‐based maize–cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) intercropping (CA‐M+CP) and CA‐based maize–common bean rotation (CA‐M–CB).Weed infestation in CA‐based maize–legume cropping systems reduced over the years. Application of CA‐based maize–legume cropping systems increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (Ava.P), and soil water infiltration rate by 37, 54, 12.3, and 327%, respectively, over CT‐M. Maize grain yield increased by 54% in CA‐M–CB over CT. The highest production efficiency was obtained from CA‐M–CB. In conclusion, CA‐M–CB followed by CA‐based maize–legume intercropping were the best soil management practices as elucidated in higher soil fertility and stable yield. However, future research on CA‐based cropping systems should be executed under various agro‐ecologies and crop types.
State of the art of ionic liquid‐modified adsorbents forCO2capture and separation
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Zeng Shaojuan , Li Yue , Bai Lu , Bai Yinge , Zhang Xiangping , Liang Xiaodong , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe enormous emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industries has triggered a series of environmental issues. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) as novel absorbents are widely used for CO2capture owing to their low vapor pressure and tunable structures. IL‐modified adsorbents have the advantages of both ILs and porous supports, such as high CO2selectivity and high specific surface area, which are novel agents to capture CO2with broad application prospects. In this review, more than 140 IL‐modified adsorbents for CO2capture in recent years were systematically summarized. The types of ILs including conventional ILs and functionalized ILs on CO2separation performance of different IL hybrid adsorbents, and their adsorption mechanisms were also discussed. Finally, future perspectives on IL‐modified adsorbents for CO2separation were further posed.