bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE YOUNG MALE PROSTITUTE
Authors: Deisher Robert W. , Eisner Victor , Sulzbacher Stephen I. 
Published: December 2021

Interviews with 63 male prostitutes were carried out in San Francisco and Seattle. Information is presented regarding background and present mode of operation within the two cities. Data presented are derived solely from interviews conducted in the natural setting of the street corner, bar, or automobile.
An attempt is made to describe this group of young males as thoroughly as possible in order to suggest some methods of rehabilitation. Some of the more outstanding characteristics of the group were their limited education, high mobility, unstable home environment, and lack of social and vocational skills. Although most were unemployed when interviewed, they expressed interest in finding work, and a number were given assistance in obtaining employment. While the authors feel justified in presenting this information on the 63 boys interviewed, extensive generalization to a larger population would be unwarranted and further research is indicated to confirm findings of this preliminary study.
Anaerobic Collection and Storage of Blood Micro Samples
Authors: Klein M. , Heese H. de V. , Harrison V. C. , Abel Lydia 
Published: December 2021

A simple method for taking anaerobic blood micro samples directly from indwelling arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal fluid needles or catheters is described. This method allows full advantage to be taken of the micro techniques available for blood-gas and acid-base analysis.
The tubes may be stored in metal thermometer cases which have previously been imbedded in ice.
Co-existing Guillain-Barré and Visceral Larva Migrans Syndromes
Authors: Phillips John A. , McLean William T. , Huntley Carolyn C. 
Published: December 2021

We have recently observed a patient with both the Guillain-Barré syndrome and the visceral larva migran syndrome. This may indeed be a chance association, but we report the case in hopes that we will be informed of similar patients elsewhere if they exist.
A 2 and 8/12-year-old Negro male was admitted to the North Carolina Baptist Hospital on December 4, 1968. He had developed coryza, fever, and cough 8 days previously; this was followed in 4 days by weakness of the legs, which progressed to involve the trunk and upper extremities.
Albumin Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Johnson A. Myron 
Published: December 2021

The study by Strober, Peter, and Schwartz, "Albumin Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis," demonstrates without question that there is a correlation between serum albumin levels and plasma volume. Causal relationships are more difficult to ascertain, however.
It has been well documented that alterations in colloid osmotic pressure result in inverse alteration of albumin synthesis in normovolemic subjects. The previous studies cited by Strober, et al. have all demonstrated, and frequently commented upon, the correlation between hypoalbuminemia in cystic fibrosis patients beyond infancy and elevated levels of immunoglobulins and, when measured, α1- and α2-globulins.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Bernstein Jay , Brough A. Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Harris raises some interesting points about bilirubin metabolism in the fetus. She may be right in postulating that increased bilirubin production resulting in prehepatic overload is of importance in causing bile "sludge," an apt term. Hepatocellular damage may also play a role.
We (pathologists) would not have thought that conjugation does not normally take place before birth. Meconium is green, and the gallbladder usually contains some bile, even in stillborns. The rate of conjugation may ordinarily be low, in part because the load of bilirubin is low, and a capacity to respond under abnormal conditions does seem, as Dr. Harris notes, to be present.
THE CONTROL OF RUBELLA
Authors: Meyer Harry M. , Parkman Paul D. , Hopps Hope E. 
Published: December 2021

An attenuated strain of rubella virus was established by passage of the virus in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures (GMK). In the first rubella vaccine clinical trial with seventy-seventh passage GMK material, none of eight inoculated children evidenced rubella-like illness and all developed antibody. The vaccine-induced infections were not transmitted to intimate contacts. Trials with large numbers of children confirmed the early findings of safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The second successfully attenuated virus, the Benoit strain, was developed by Hilleman and co-workers by adapting low GMK passages of virus to duck embryo cell cultures (DE). The Benoit strain, tested at several levels of tissue culture passage, designated A, B, C, D, and E, served as a clear demonstration of how rubella virus is modified by passage in mammalian or avian cells. Vaccines prepared from A and B level materials were not suitable, since they were either communicable or produced rubella-like symptoms. The C and D level materials were attenuated, but the higher passaged E level vaccine was termed "over-attenuated" since it induced antibody in only 60% of the vaccinees. More recently, the Cendehill strain, attenuated in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures (RK) and the RA 27/3 strain, attenuated in WI-38 cells, have been tested clinically.
Vaccines which are now being produced by biologics manufacturers and considered candidates for license in the United States are: the HPV-77 strain passed 5 times in DE(HPV-77, DE5); the HPV-77 strain passed 12 times in dog kidney (DK) cell cultures (HPV-77, DK12), and the Cendehill strain passed 4 times in GMK and 53 times in RK (Cendehill GMK 4, RK 53). With each of these vaccines, antibody was detected in 90 to 100% of recipients.
Fully attenuated rubella virus vaccines have not produced significant clinical reactions in children. However, mild rubella-like symptoms have been observed in adult women receiving vaccine; transient rashes, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and arthritis have been observed. Since the risk of spread of attenuated virus to the fetus in vaccinated women cannot be readily determined, the use of the vaccine during pregnancy would be potentially hazardous.
Intranasal challenge of HPV-77 vaccinees with natural rubella virus demonstrated that vaccine-induced antibodies were protective against the clinical and virologic manifestations of rubella. Observation of vaccinated children over a 3-year period has demonstrated little evidence of a decline in the antibodies.
RED CELL METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN INFANT. V. GLYCOLYTIC INTERMEDIATES AND GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES
Authors: Oski Frank A. 
Published: December 2021

Previous studies demonstrated that the erythrocytes of the newborn infant have a relative phosphofructokinase deficiency and inappropriate glucose consumption for cell age. In view of these findings, an analysis of red cell glycolytic intermediates and all Embden-Meyerhof pathway enzyme activities was made in the red cells of infants, normal adults, and subjects with reticulocytosis to define further differences in metabolism and search for evidence of a metabolic blockade.
The erythrocytes of subjects with reticulocytosis were found to possess increased quantities of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The elevation of the hexose phosphates was even greater in the red cells of the premature infants and was associated with a decrease in levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
Measurement of enzyme activities indicated that, in addition to the phosphofructokinase deficiency, the cells of the newborn infant have markedly increased activities of enolase and phosphoglycerate kinase.
It is suggested that the increase in the level of the hexose phosphates in the erythrocytes of the infants and subjects with reticulocytosis is a reflection of this relative phosphofructokinase deficiency, with this deficiency being greater in newborn infants. The differences in the enzymatic profile between the erythrocytes of the newborn and those of the normal adult is not solely a function of their younger age. Some of the differences are a reflection of the presence of a cell unique to this period of life.
IRIDOCYCLITIS IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Schaller Jane , Kupfer Carl , Wedgwood Ralph J. 
Published: December 2021

Eight of 70 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have developed iridocyclitis. This complication occurred more frequently in patients with monoarticular and pauciarticular disease (29%) than in patients with polyarticular disease (2%). Seven of eight patients with iridocyclitis have monoarticular or pauciarticular disease; none has had prominent systemic manifestations or evidence of ankylosing spondylitis. Iridocyclitis preceded joint manifestations in two of the patients and followed arthritis by 1 to 10 years in six of the patients.
Activity of iridocyclitis and arthritis seemed unrelated; four patients developed iridocyclitis while arthritis was inactive. In seven children iridocyclitis began insidiously without acute symptoms. Eye involvement has remained unilateral in six patients. Six children have had significant decrease in visual acuity, and six continue to have active ocular inflammation despite therapy.
Iridocyclitis is potentially a major cause of disability in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Early signs and symptoms may be minimal. Patients at risk are those with limited forms of joint disease. Early detection and therapy are crucial for prevention of permanent ocular damage. Careful eye examination should be a routine part of physical examination of children with rheumatoid arthritis, and periodic slit lamp examinations should be performed even when arthritis is in remission.
Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines by Full-term and Premature Infants
Authors: Nicolopoulos Demetre , Agathopoulos Anthony , Galanakos-Tharouniati Maria , Stergiopoulos Constantin 
Published: December 2021

As part of a study of the role of catecholamines during the newborn's adaptation to extra-uterine life, the excretion of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the urine of nine full-term and 11 premature infants was determined on the first and fifteenth day after birth. The following observations were made.
On the first day the excretion of dopamine by the premature infants was questionably less than that by full-term infants. On the fifteenth day, excretion by the premature infants had more than tripled in amount, whereas that by the full-term infants had increased only by about 50%.
On the first day, the norepinephrine excreted by premature infants was about one third of the amount excreted by full-term infants. On the fifteenth day, although the amount excreted had increased, it remained lower than the amount excreted on the first day by the full-term infants.
On the first day, the amount of epinephrine excretion by premature and full-term infants differed very slightly. On the fifteenth day, excretion by both groups had increased so that the amounts were about equal. The difference noted between premature and full-term infants in this study and the high amount of VMA excreted by premature infants on the fifteenth day measured in a previous study, permit the supposition of a defect in catecholamine biosynthesis—a defect due to an insufficiency of the enzymatic system of dopamine-oxidase and of catechol-O-methyl-transferase.
Anti-vaccinia Immunoglobulins in Anti-hemophilic Globulin?
Authors: Berne Joel E. 
Published: December 2021

I recently gave a 16-month-old male hemophiliac, classical, a smallpox vaccination approximately 2 weeks after an intravenous injection of 270 units of antihemophiliac globulin (Courtland Precipitate).
Instead of the usual, brisk response, he developed a very small papule which formed a crust of only 2 mm approximately 2 weeks after inoculation.
It has been my experience that most inoculations for smallpox are either negative or quite marked; it is rare to have so mild a reaction.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Hodes Horace L. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Aaron Rauson and I have addressed ourselves to the problem raised by Dr. Berne.
Dr. Berne gave a 16-month-old hemophiliac infant an intravenous injection of 270 units of antihemophilic globulin (Courtland precipitate) 2 weeks before he vaccinated the child against smallpox. We determined the amount of IgG, IgA, and 1gM in 270 AHC units of two batches of Lot #50201 of the Courtland precipitate. We found that the IgC ill 270 units of batch #1 of the Courtland precipitate was 95 mg; there were 3 mg of IgA and 10 mg of IgM in it.
Footprinting for Identification of Infants
Authors: Concklin C. L. 
Published: December 2021

Miss Gleason's letter, which appeared in the December 1968 issue of Pediatrics, is commendable. We all desire positive identification of newborn infants and make conscientious efforts in this direction. However, that charge that faulty technique is the sole cause of improper imprints is oversimplified. But, since Miss Gleason advances this claim, it seems no more than cricket that she clearly state, step by step, the exact procedure she considers adequate for this purpose.
The salvage of a baby under the circumstances you mention must be balanced against the lives lost due to delay in providing the newborn with other, more life-sustaining services such as suctioning, protection from overchilling-especially in our air conditioned delivery suites-and so forth.
Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 2, ed. 3, edited by Orvar Swenson, M.D. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, Education Division, Meredith Corporation, 1969, 1417 pp., $45.00 (Vol. 1 and 2)
Authors: Kiesewetter William B. 
Published: December 2021

Ten years ago there were two standard textbooks of pediatric surgery in English, one of which had only recently been written by Dr. Swenson. Since that time, the whole field has been inundated by a variety of books on the entire field of pediatric surgery, as well as many of its sub-specialties. In spite of this, Dr. Swenson's third edition of his book will serve a very real purpose both for pediatricians and surgeons.
The current edition is an ambitious undertaking in two volumes by the members of the surgical staff of the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago.
Cephalosporium Meningitis
Authors: Papadatos Constantine , Pavlatou Maria , Alexiou Demosthenes 
Published: December 2021

The first reported case of cephalosporium meningitis in a newborn infant is presented. The diagnosis was suspected by the morphological features of the yeast-like organisms on direct smears in two separate cerebrospinal fluid specimens and confirmed by two cerebrospinal fluid cultures.
The outcome was entirely satisfactory. We consider it possible that recovery was spontaneous and that amphotericin B could be instrumental in the patient's recovery only if cephalosporia were present in foci other than the cerebrospinal fluid.
SMOKING AND CHILDREN: A PEDIATRIC VIEWPOINT
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. , Brent Robert L. , Doyle John L. , Farr Lee E. , Fagan Emmett L. , Finberg Laurence , Nahmias Andre J. , Pickering Donald E. , Yamazaki James N. , Horton Robert J. M. 
Published: December 2021

The pediatrician is in an unusually favorable position to reduce the frequency of smoking among young people because of his interest in the prevention of disease and his special experience in dealing with children and teenagers. The hazards of smoking are well-known, and there seems no question but that smoking is etiologically related to carcinoma of the lung and cardiovascular disease. Other conditions, such as pulmonary fibrosis, other malignancies, and emphysema may or may not be etiologically related but do occur more commonly in smokers.
At least three aspects of the smoking problem relate directly to children and teenagers:
1. the short-term effects of smoking by teenagers and children;
2. the effect of tobacco smoke on non-smokers, be they adults or children;
3. suggestions for changes in the anti-smoking advertising campaigns so that they are geared to prevent children from adopting the smoking habit and to recruit the non-smoker into more anti-smoking activities.
There is very little information dealing with the short-term effects of smoking on children and teenagers. There is little doubt that the earlier one starts smoking the greater his chances of developing one of the late effects, but this is not our present concern. Actually, there are data that indicate that smoking teenagers have physical symptoms associated with their habit. Children who smoke have more respiratory symptoms, cough, phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, and colds, than nonsmokers.
There are other clinical symptoms and personality traits which occur more cornnionly in smoking teenagers. These may have a coincidental relationship or simply reflect personality factors predisposing to smoking. For example, teenage boys have a higher incidence of traumatic injuries and teenage girls have a higher incidence of urinary infections than do their nonsmoking associates.
Night Cries and Pinworms
Authors: Curran John P. 
Published: December 2021

I very much agree with Dr. Levin's observation that pinworms are the cause of a specific disorder affecting little girls. The symptom complex is characterized by the sudden onset of intense nocturnal discomfort, referred to the vulvar area by older children, and not infrequently associated with painful urination, frequency or urinary retention.
During the past five years we have seen 6 patients who presented with this clinical picture. They were all girls, the youngest twentytwo months and the oldest eleven years.
INTRODUCTION: THE HORIZON OF CHILDHOOD INJURY
Authors: Meyer Roger J. 
Published: December 2021

The search for childhood injury control, while encountering new advances in safety engineering, human understanding and techniques of study, continually leads to receding child safety horizons. Technologic gains pose new threats to child and family life; the increasingly rapid pace of living creates problems for children and those who supervise them. Each method of injury is a "disease" unto itself in terms of epidemiologic factors involving the child and his human and physical environment that interact to produce injury and disability.
Two years ago, a group of scientists, pediatric practitioners, and public health authorities met in Charlottesville, Virginia, for the first National Childhood Injury Symposium. Many disciplines were represented and a variety of views of the childhood injury problem were offered; it became apparent that this leading health problem of children required all of these disciplines not only to understand the issues involved but to launch an attack upon it. As a result of this first meeting, a score of new studies were developed, more effective communication between investigators and those interested in prevention was initiated, and a more adequate understanding of the complex health problem was obtained. It soon became apparent from participants and other interested workers that another meeting would have an advantage for these reasons. The papers which follow reflect some of the extent of this interest and knowledge which has developed concerning childhood injury. The interdisciplinary nature of the representation of intensive workshop activities was a part of the program, although not included here due to limitations of space.
SOME APPLICATIONS OF DELINQUENCY THEORY TO CHILDHOOD ACCIDENTS
Authors: Klein David 
Published: December 2021

The past two decades have witnessed an increasing recognition on the part of the physician and the behavioral scientist that the state of a person's health—indeed, even his likelihood of surviving infancy or of being institutionalized for mental illness-is closely related to his social status and to the social, political, economic, and cultural characteristics of his community, his state, and his nation. With the growth of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research, such "purely biological" phenomena as infant mortality, mental illness, malnutrition, and venereal disease have come to concern the sociologist and the anthropologist as strongly as they have the physician and the epidemiologist.
Accidental injury and death, however, have to a large extent remained outside the sphere of interdisciplinary scrutiny. One reason for this neglect stems from the fact that data on accidental injury are so much less reliable than other health data as to be virtually unusable. Perhaps another reason is that the concept of an accident as an "act of God" persists in the minds of otherwise sophisticated persons—and "acts of God" seem somehow unrelated to the social and cultural environment in which they occur.
Regardless of the reasons, however, the fact remains that, although a good deal is known about the socioeconomic and cultural conditions that influence the infant mortality rate, mental illness, and cardiovascular accidents, very little is known about the relationship between social conditions and the incidence of accidental injury and death.
The following paper does nothing to advance our knowledge of this relationship. But it points out the gaps in our present knowledge, warns against pitfalls that are more familiar to behavioral than to medical scientists, and pleads for the application of sound sociological theory to a problem which is as much social as it is medical.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BURNS
Authors: Smith E. Ide 
Published: December 2021

The following paper is a useful example of the kind of epidemiological data gathering that is essential before effective countermeasures can be devised or deployed for maximal cost benefit. Regardless of the dedication and the methodological sophistication of the investigator, such studies cannot produce widely generalizable findings if they are carried out on patients whose socioeconomic characteristics cannot be precisely defined and whose differences from the total population at risk cannot therefore be specified.
Differences in the patterns of utilization of medical services by various socioeconomic levels have long been recognized. Such differences may be less pronounced with respect to childhood accidents than with respect to prenatal care. But, as the author is careful to point out, they are sufficient to prevent generalization—especially since burn accidents involve both environmental hazard and patterns of child-rearing, both of which differ widely with socioeconomic status. The solution of this problem is not a simple one. It involves longitudinal studies, a very high level of detailed case reporting, and continuous monitoring to ensure that the population studied is a representative sample of the population at risk.
The author's conclusions about the influence of poverty-related social conditions on the incidence of burns document further the conclusions of investigators who have studied other types of childhood injuries.
Bacteriological Findings in Positive Tuberculin Reactors in Childhood
Authors: Burchak Edward C. , Turner J. A. Peter , Robson Ann 
Published: December 2021

Gastric washings from 58 children with positive tuberculin tests measuring more than 10 mm of induration of 5 TU of Old Tuberculin, but no other evidences of tuberculous infection, were studied by mycobacterial cultures and guinea pig inoculation. Two children had positive cultures for M. tuberculosis hominis. In one child the source of infection was readily identifiable. In the other, no index case has been discovered. In a third child, whose tuberculin test was less than 10 mm of induration, a scotochromogen was found on gastric lavage cultures.
While it would be impractical to suggest that all children with positive tuberculin tests should have gastric lavage cultures, the possibility that such a child has the potential to infect others must he borne in mind. The routine use of isoniazid is recommended in all such tuberculin-positive children, not for "chemoprophylaxis" technically, but, more precisely, for specific treatment of the infection indicated by the tuberculin reaction itself.