bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compaction, flowability, and dissolution kinetics of Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila, and Orthosiphon stamineus powders
Authors: Roslan Nur Syahida , Yusof Yus Aniza , Azhar Ali Muhammad , Chin Nyuk Ling , Anuar Mohd Shamsul , Pin Kar Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe herbal powders included Andrographis paniculata, Eurycoma longifolia, Labisia pumila, and Orthosiphon stamineus are well known due to their therapeutic properties and usually consumed as herbal supplement that is available in different forms. The aim of this work was to investigate the compaction, flowability, and dissolution kinetics of selected herbal powders in the form of tablets and powders. A universal testing machine with forces ranging of 4.0–9.8 kN was used to compress the herbal powders in a 13 mm cylindrical uniaxial die. The compacted tablets were dissolved in three different mediums; distilled water, simulated saliva, and hydrochloric acid solution as to create the environment in drinking water, human mouth, and gastric fluid, respectively. The dissolution profile was compared based on the best fitting of mathematical model equations. The results shown that the dissolution of all selected herbal powders in all three dissolution mediums was best fitted in Korsmeyer–Peppas Model, Zero Order Kinetic Model, and Weibull Model, and tablets were completely dissolved within 2–6 min in all three mediums. It can be further tested with another type of powders. The data are essential in predicting the compaction, flow characteristics, and dissolution kinetics of herbal powders.Practical ApplicationsDried herbs are being used as natural remedy but their fluffy and sticky textures make them difficult to convert into a standard form of medicine like tablet or capsules. Flowablity, compressibility, and dissolution kinetics of any kind of herbal powder are the basic parameters to convert into tablet, capsule of pouch filling. Therefore, four Malaysian herbal powders were selected to process into different forms such as tablet, capsules, and cereal formulations. For this purpose, a comprehensive study has been carried out to increase the understanding of flow, compression, and dissolution characteristics of selected Malaysian herbal powders. The findings of the present study can also be applied to other herbs and leaves powders. The findings of present research work provides basic fundamentals for nutraceutical industry to produce better quality herbal powder, easy to handle, transport, and store and convert them into a standard form of tablet or capsules.
Bilingualism, assessment language, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mexican Americans
Authors: Briceño Emily M. , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Gonzales Xavier F. , Heeringa Steven G. , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Zahs Daniel , Garcia Nelda , Longoria Ruth , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAssessment of cognition in linguistically diverse aging populations is a growing need. Bilingualism may complicate cognitive measurement precision, and bilingualism may vary across Hispanic/Latinx sub‐populations. We examined the association among bilingualism, assessment language, and cognitive screening performance in a primarily non‐immigrant Mexican American community.DesignProspective, community‐based cohort study: The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC)‐Cognitive study.SettingNueces County, Texas.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Mexican Americans age 65+, recruited door‐to‐door using a two‐stage area probability sampling procedure.MeasurementsMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); self‐reported bilingualism scale. Participants were classified as monolingual, Spanish dominant bilingual, English dominant bilingual, or balanced bilingual based upon bilingualism scale responses. Linear regressions examined relationships among bilingualism, demographics, cognitive assessment language, and MoCA scores.ResultsThe analytic sample included 547 Mexican American participants (60% female). Fifty‐eight percent were classified as balanced bilingual, the majority (88.6%) of whom selected assessment in English. Balanced bilinguals that completed the MoCA in English performed better than balanced bilinguals that completed the MoCA in Spanish (b = −4.0, p < 0.05). Among balanced bilinguals that took the MoCA in Spanish, education outside of the United States was associated with better performance (b = 4.4, p < 0.001). Adjusting for demographics and education, we found no association between the degree of bilingualism and MoCA performance (p's > 0.10).ConclusionBilingualism is important to consider in cognitive aging studies in linguistically diverse communities. Future research should examine whether cognitive test language selection affects cognitive measurement precision in balanced bilinguals.
Prediction equations for estimating body weight in older adults
Authors: Guerra Rita S. , Sousa‐Santos Ana R. , Sousa Ana S. , Valdiviesso Rui , Afonso Cláudia , Moreira Pedro , Padrão Patrícia , Borges Nuno , Santos Alejandro , Ferro Graça , Martins Cátia , Amaral Teresa F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessing body weight in older adults may be challenging. Hence, the present study aimed to develop and cross‐validate updated and reproducible equations to estimate body weight in a large sample of older adults, namely among the older‐old.MethodsIn total, 1456 individuals aged ≥ 65 years, from the Nutrition UP 65 study, were included in the present analysis. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two sub‐samples: development (n = 991) and validation samples (n = 465). Prediction equations using height, mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), calf circumference (CC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST) were generated for the development sample using multiple regression analysis and then validated using the validation sample.ResultsThe model with five predictor variables generated the following equations: females 65–79 years: −114.682 + 0.522 height (cm) + 0.620 MUAC (cm) + 0.517 WC (cm) + 0.893 CC (cm) + 0.111 TST (mm) (adjusted r2 = 0.883, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 4.4); females ≥ 80 years: −110.806 + 0.494 height (cm) + 0.637 MUAC (cm) + 0.500 WC (cm) + 0.986 CC (cm) + 0.021 TST (mm) (adjusted r2 = 0.890, SEE = 3.9); males 65–79 years: −114.875 + 0.558 height (cm) + 0.073 MUAC (cm) + 0.671 WC (cm) + 0.717 CC (cm) + 0.182 TST(mm) (adjusted r2 = 0.820, SEE=5.0); and males ≥ 80 years: −128.789 + 0.546 height (cm) + 0.202 MUAC (cm) + 0.612 WC (cm) + 1.236 CC (cm) + 0.093 TST (mm) (adjusted r2 = 0.906, SEE = 3.5).ConclusionsBody weight can be estimated with good accuracy in older adults using these sex‐ and age‐specific equations generated from regression models using three to five anthropometric predictor variables.
The E3 ligase XBAT35 mediates thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth by targeting ELF3 for degradation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Lin , Li Wei , Tian Ying‐Ying , Davis Seth Jon , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: May 2021

SummaryPlants are capable of coordination of their growth and development with ambient temperatures. EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), an essential component of the plant circadian clock, is also involved in ambient temperature sensing, as well as in inhibiting the expression and protein activity of the thermoresponsive regulator phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4). The ELF3 activity is subjected to attenuation in response to warm temperature; however, how the protein level of ELF3 is regulated at warm temperature remains less understood. Here, we report that the E3 ligase XB3 ORTHOLOG 5 IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA, XBAT35, mediates ELF3 degradation. XBAT35 interacts with ELF3 and ubiquitinates ELF3. Loss‐of‐function mutation of XBAT35 increases the protein level of ELF3 and confers a short‐hypocotyl phenotype under warm temperature conditions. Thus, our findings establish that XBAT35 mediates ELF3 degradation to lift the inhibition of ELF3 on PIF4 for promoting thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth in plants.
GmMs1 encodes a kinesin‐like protein essential for male fertility in soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Chen Andong , Hong Huilong , Li Dongdong , Li Jiajia , Zhao Duo , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaobo , Qiu Lijuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe application of heterosis is a promising approach for greatly increasing yield in soybean (Glycine max L.). Nuclear male sterility is essential for hybrid seed production and the utilization of heterosis. Here we report the cloning of the gene underlying the soybean male‐sterile mutant ms‐1, which has been widely used for recurrent selection in soybean breeding programs. We initially delimited the ms1 locus to a 16.15 kb region on chromosome 13, based on SLAF_BSA sequencing followed by genotyping of an F2 population segregating for the locus. Compared with the same region in fertile plants, the mutant region lacks a sequence of approximately 38.7 kb containing five protein‐coding genes, including an ortholog of the kinesin‐like protein gene NACK2, named GmMs1. The GmMs1 knockout plants generated via CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing displayed a complete male‐sterile phenotype. Metabolic profiling showed that fertile anthers accumulated starch and sucrose normally, whereas sterile anthers had higher anthocyanin levels and lower flavonoid levels and lower antioxidant enzyme activities. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing male sterility and demonstrate that GmMs1 could be used to create male‐sterile lines through targeted mutagenesis. These findings pave the way for designing seed production technology and an intelligent male‐sterile line system to utilize heterosis in soybean.
Vanity and food waste: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Gao Li , Mei Yingdan , Yang Xiaohan , Zhao Congyu , Li Daimeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood waste has gained tremendous attention in recent years, not only because food resources are becoming scarce, but also the increasingly awareness of food saving. This research aims to examine how vanity, a psychological factor, affects at‐home and outdoor food waste behaviors in China. The data we use is based on a face‐to‐face questionnaire interview in three provinces of China through a stratified sampling method and eventually, 305 valid questionnaires are acquired. It has been found that there is a significantly positive relationship between food waste and vanity, which is robust with various specifications.
Perception of family sense of coherence among Chinese couples with infertility
Authors: Ngai Fei Wan , Lam Winsome 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore perceptions of family sense of coherence among infertile couples and to provide a theoretical interpretation of the comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of couples’ experiences coping with infertility.BackgroundInfertility is a devastating experience for many couples and can have long‐lasting psychosocial consequences. Family sense of coherence has the potential to facilitate a couple's adjustment to the life crisis of infertility and may provide a useful conceptual lens to understand experiences of infertility.MethodsSixty‐four couples with infertility participated in semi‐structured interviews at subfertility clinics. Data were analysed using the constant comparative approach of grounded theory. COREQ guidelines were followed in reporting the study.ResultsThree major themes related to infertility emerged from the interviews: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The couples experienced psychological strain while making cognitive sense of infertility. The significance of children, which is embedded in traditional Chinese culture, created a sense of meaning and purpose in couples’ lives and motivated them to mobilise both internal and external resources to cope with the demands of infertility and its treatment.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the salutogenic model of family sense of coherence can contribute to our understanding of the experiences of infertility among Chinese couples.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results offer a theoretical framework that healthcare professionals can use to help couples cope with the life crisis of infertility by strengthening their sense of family coherence.
Remnant cholesterol predicts progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jansson Sigfrids F. , Dahlström E. H. , Forsblom C. , Sandholm N. , Harjutsalo V. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Groop P.‐H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess whether remnant cholesterol concentration and variability predict the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and severe diabetic retinopathy (SDR) in type 1 diabetes.MethodsThis observational prospective study covered 5150 FinnDiane Study participants. Remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol – LDL cholesterol – HDL cholesterol and variability as the coefficient of variation. DN category was based on consensus albuminuria reference limits and the progression status was confirmed from medical files. SDR was defined as retinal laser treatment. For 1338 individuals, the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was graded using the ETDRS classification protocol. Median (IQR) follow‐up time was 8.0 (4.9–13.7) years for DN and 14.3 (10.4–16.3) for SDR.ResultsRemnant cholesterol (mmol L−1) was higher with increasing baseline DN category (P < 0.001). A difference was also seen comparing non‐progressors (0.41 [0.32–0.55]) with progressors (0.55 [0.40–0.85]), P < 0.001. In a Cox regression analysis, remnant cholesterol predicted DN progression, independently of diabetes duration, sex, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, smoking, BMI, estimated glucose disposal rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR: 1.51 [1.27–1.79]). Remnant cholesterol was also higher in those who developed SDR (0.47 [0.36–0.66]) than those who did not (0.40 [0.32–0.53]), P < 0.001, and the concentration increased stepwise with increasing DR severity (P < 0.001). Regarding SDR, the HR for remnant cholesterol was 1.52 (1.26–1.83) with the most stringent adjustment. However, remnant cholesterol variability was not independently associated with the outcomes.ConclusionsRemnant cholesterol concentration, but not variability, predicts DN progression and development of SDR. However, it remains to be elucidated whether the associations are causal or not.
Functional appliance treatment for mandibular fractures: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Stähli Corinne , Eliades Theodore , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesMandibular collum fractures among growing patients can lead to abnormal growth, function, esthetics and ultimately quality of life. Among the proposed treatment alternatives, orthopaedic treatment with functional appliances has been suggested, with encouraging results. Aim of the present systematic review was to critically appraise existing evidence on the outcome of functional appliance treatment among growing patients with mandibular collum fractures.Materials and methodsEight databases were searched up to October 2020 for randomised and non‐randomised clinical studies assessing functional appliance treatment outcome for children with mandibular fractures. After duplicate study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, random effects meta‐analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE.ResultsA total of 8 unique studies (one prospective and nine retrospective non‐randomised) with 223 children could be identified. Functional appliance treatment was associated with greater anteroposterior condyle dimensions of the injured condyle compared with the contralateral healthy condyle (3 studies; MD = 0.87 mm; 95% CI = 0.30 to 1.45 mm; p = .003). No difference was found in the mesiodistal condyle size between the injured and the contralateral healthy joint (3 studies; MD = −0.05 mm; 95% CI = −1.05 to 0.95 mm; p = .92), but collum length was smaller at the injured side compared with the contralateral one (1 study; MD = −2.89 mm; 95% CI = −5.29 to −0.49 mm; p = .02). Treatment outcome might be influenced by patient age, patient sex and severity/localisation of the fracture, but the quality of evidence for all analyses was very low due to methodological limitations leading to bias.ConclusionsWhile some evidence exists that functional appliances might lead to good clinical rehabilitation of fractured mandibular condyles, including considerable bone remodelling, available studies are small and have methodological weaknesses.
Diagnostic correlation between clinical protocols and magnetic resonance findings in temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdalla‐Aslan Ragda , Shilo Dekel , Nadler Chen , Eran Ayelet , Rachmiel Adi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to assess the diagnostic correlation between clinical protocols and magnetic resonance (MRI) findings in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), including disc displacement with and without reduction (DDwR; DDwoR) and arthralgia.MethodsA systematic review performed in two phases according to the PRISMA checklist. Specific indexing terms were used for search of studies assessing TMDs through clinical diagnostic protocols with the aid of Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs or Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs. Quality assessment performed using QUADAS‐2. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. For meta‐analysis, we used random effect model or fixed effect. The main outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of clinical protocols.ResultsFourteen studies included in the qualitative analysis and 11 studies in the meta‐analysis. None of the studies fulfilled all criteria of QUADAS‐2. High heterogeneity and high publication bias were found among the studies. Clinical protocols for assessing DDwR compared with MRI showed pooled sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 72%. For DDwoR, sensitivity was 61% and specificity 98%. For arthralgia, sensitivity was 43% and specificity 68% for the presence of effusion.ConclusionsThis review reveals the need for studies with improved quality. Clinical protocols show poor to moderate validity in diagnosis of DDwR and DDwoR compared with MRI. No correlation was found between a clinical diagnosis of arthralgia and MRI effusion. Clinical diagnostic protocols can be used as screening tools, reserving the use of MRI for a more accurate diagnosis in patients with symptoms or dysfunction.
Barriers to pre‐emptive kidney transplantation in New Zealand children
Authors: Weststrate Harriet , Ronaldson Jane , Yonge Georgina , Dickens Amanda , Erickson Robin , Wong William , Prestidge Chanel 
Published: May 2021

AimPre‐emptive kidney transplantation (PKT) is generally considered the optimal treatment for kidney failure as it minimises dialysis‐associated morbidity and mortality and is associated with improved allograft survival. This study aimed to determine rates of paediatric PKT in New Zealand, identify barriers to PKT and consider potential interventions to influence future rates of pre‐emptive transplantation.MethodsChildren commencing kidney replacement therapy between 2005 and 2017 in New Zealand were included. Descriptive analysis considered those referred late (referral <3 months prior to kidney replacement therapy initiation) or early based on referral timing to paediatric nephrology. Additional analysis compared characteristics of children receiving dialysis versus pre‐emptive transplant as their first mode of kidney replacement therapy.ResultsPKT occurred in 15 of 90 children (17%). One‐third of all patients were referred late. No late referrals received a pre‐emptive transplant. Pre‐emptively transplanted children were referred younger (median age 0.49 years), lived in less deprived areas, were more likely to have congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and none were Māori or Pasifika ethnicity.ConclusionsLate referral, higher deprivation levels and Māori and Pasifika ethnicity confer a greater risk of not receiving pre‐emptive transplantation. Improved education amongst health professionals about recognition of paediatric chronic kidney disease and the importance of timely referral to paediatric nephrology is recommended to reduce rates of late referral. A modified approach including enhanced culturally appropriate support for those diagnosed with chronic kidney disease during transplant evaluation should be pursued to improve equity.
Emergency mental health presentations in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bourke Elyssia M , Say Daniela F , Carison Anna , Hill Ashley , Craig Simon , Hiscock Harriet , Babl Franz E , O'Donnell Sinead M 
Published: May 2021

AimTo characterise the key features and management of young people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a mental health (MH) complaint and a known diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsRetrospective review of all ED MH presentations in children aged 7–17 years, presenting over a 12‐month period from the 1st of January 2018 to the 31st of December 2018, to the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Univariate analyses were carried out to examine the relationship between an underlying diagnosis of ASD and/or ADHD and a number of key presentation variables. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for ED management outcomes.ResultsThere were 374 presentations in this cohort, representing 28% of the total MH presentations in 2018. The most common reason for presentation was acute severe behavioural disturbance. Young people with ASD and ADHD were at increased risk of having an acute crisis team response activated (ASD RR 2.3, CI 1.6–3.3, ADHD RR 2.2, CI 1.2–4.1). Compared to those without either diagnosis, young people with ASD were more likely to be physically restrained (RR 2.8, CI 1.7–4.6), managed in seclusion (RR 3.3, CI 1.7–6.4) and to receive medication to assist with behavioural de‐escalation (RR 2.8, CI 1.6–4.9).ConclusionsChildren with ASD and/or ADHD represent one‐quarter of all children presenting to the ED with MH complaints. They experience high rates of acute severe behavioural disturbance. Future research is needed to co‐design, implement and evaluate better approaches for their management.
Exogenous Abscisic Acid Confers Salinity Tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii During Its Life Cycle
Authors: Abu‐Ghosh Said , Iluz David , Dubinsky Zvy , Miller Gad 
Published: May 2021

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) coordinates responses to environmental signals with developmental changes and is important for stress resilience and crop yield. However, fundamental questions remain about how this phytohormone affects microalgal growth and stress regulation throughout the different stages of their life cycle. In this study, the effects of ABA on the physiology of the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at its different life cycle stages were investigated. Exogenously added ABA enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of C. reinhardtii during the vegetative stage. The hormone also increased the tolerance of this alga to high‐salinity stress during gamete formation under nutrient depletion, as well as it extended their survival. We show that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the ABA‐treated cells was significantly less than that in the untreated cells under inhibiting NaCl concentrations. Cell size examination showed that ABA prevents cells from forming palmella when exposed to high salinity. All together, these results suggest that ABA can support the vitality and survival of C. reinhardtii under high salt conditions.