bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreaction of DNA Containing 5‐Halouracil and its Products†
Authors: Tashiro Ryu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract5‐Halouracil, which is a DNA base analog in which the methyl group at the C5 position of thymine is replaced with a halogen atom, has been used in studies of DNA damage. In DNA strands, the uracil radical generated from 5‐halouracil causes DNA damage via a hydrogen‐abstraction reaction. We analyzed the photoreaction of 5‐halouracil in various DNA structures and revealed that the reaction is DNA structure‐dependent. In this review, we summarize the results of the analysis of the reactivity of 5‐halouracil in various DNA local structures. Among the 5‐halouracil molecules, 5‐bromouracil has been used as a probe in the analysis of photoinduced electron transfer through DNA. The analysis of groove‐binder/DNA and protein/DNA complexes using a 5‐bromouracil‐based electron transfer system is also described.
Effect of Hypoxia on Photosystem II of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the Dark
Authors: Che Xingkai , Zhang Tie , Li Hu , Zhang Litao , Liu Jianguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypoxia induced by eutrophication has become an important factor threatening the survival of coastal life such as Enhalus acoroides. The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of hypoxia on photosystem II (PSII) of E. acoroides in the dark. The results showed that long‐term dark hypoxia damages PSII activity of E. acoroides. The lower the oxygen content and the longer the hypoxic duration, the more seriously PSII was damaged and the less light‐independent recovery parts of the damaged PSII. The damage to PSII caused by hypoxia was unrelated to ROS but related to respiration, because the respiration rate decreased with the decrease of oxygen content and PSII activity decreased significantly even at a normal oxygen content after the inhibition of aerobic respiratory pathway. Hypoxia reduced energy fluxes between the antennas and the RCs, and generated many inactive RCs, which significantly reduced the electron transfer efficiency of PSII. Severe hypoxia (2.65 mg L−1 oxygen content) caused chlorophyll degradation. The study demonstrated that hypoxia damages PSII of E. acoroides and inhibits PSII recovery in the dark. We suggested that hypoxia together with other environment stressors would be the key reason for the decline of E. acoroides meadows.
Aggregation Without Interpersonal Comparisons of Well‐Being
Authors: Nebel Jacob M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper is about the role of interpersonal comparisons in Harsanyi’s aggregation theorem. Harsanyi interpreted his theorem to show that a broadly utilitarian theory of distribution must be true even if there are no interpersonal comparisons of well‐being. How is this possible? The orthodox view is that it is not. Some argue that the interpersonal comparability of well‐being is hidden in Harsanyi’s premises. Others argue that it is a surprising conclusion of Harsanyi’s theorem, which is not presupposed by any one of the premises. I argue instead that Harsanyi was right: his theorem and its weighted‐utilitarian conclusion do not require interpersonal comparisons of well‐being. The key to making sense of this possibility is to treat Harsanyi’s weights as dimensional constants rather than dimensionless numbers.
A novel therapeutic diet can significantly reduce the medication score and pruritus of dogs with atopic dermatitis during a nine‐month controlled study
Authors: Watson Adrian , Rostaher Ana , Fischer Nina M , Favrot Claude 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic relapsing pruritic skin disease for which management commonly relies on life‐long use of immunomodulatory drugs. A number of the medications used are associated with adverse effects and the potential for complications during long‐term use.HypothesisThe goal of the study was to determine if a complete and balanced diet formulated for therapeutic benefit could contribute towards management of cAD. We hypothesised that the diet would reduce pruritus while also reducing the requirement for medication during the study period.Animals, materials and methodsForty privately owned dogs, having undergone a comprehensive diagnosis for cAD, were randomly allocated to two groups, each group being fed one of two diets (test or control) for up to nine months. We assessed pruritus, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index‐(4th iteration) and medication score, the latter reflecting the medication required to maintain a satisfactory quality of life for the animal.ResultsBoth diets were well‐accepted and ‐tolerated. There was a significant improvement in the pruritus score after three months of feeding the therapeutic diet (P = 0.0001). No such improvement was observed at any time point in the group of dogs given the control diet. There was a reduced drug requirement for dogs receiving the therapeutic diet after three months (P = 0.058), and that decrease was significant at six months (P = 0.021) and nine months (P = 0.018). No improvement was seen at any time point in the control group.ConclusionThe results suggest that a novel therapeutic diet can assist in the management of cAD by helping to control pruritus and reducing reliance on medication.
Evaluation of the clinical value of routine radiographic examination during convalescence for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy
Authors: Olivencia‐Morell Pedro J. , Frederick Steven W. , Forbes Jessica N. , Cross Alan R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how frequently routine follow‐up radiographic findings would result in a change to the postoperative plan following tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.Study designRetrospective studySample populationShort‐term group: 100 cases; intermediate‐term group: 50 cases.MethodsMedical records of 100 consecutive cases meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed (the short‐term group). The cases had no owner‐perceived issues and underwent routinely prescribed radiographic follow up between 40 and 60 postoperative days after TPLO performed by one experienced surgeon. Complications identified on physical examination (PE) and radiographic examination (RE) were recorded, along with any changes to the postoperative plan. Medical records of 50 consecutive cases that had short‐term and intermediate‐term (≥180 days) REs and PEs were reviewed similarly (intermediate‐term group).ResultsFifty‐one cases in the short‐term group had no complications on PE or RE. Forty‐nine dogs were diagnosed with minor complications (patellar ligament desmitis, patella or fibula fracture, gait abnormalities): 42 on RE only; 6 on PE and RE; 1 on PE only. Exercise restriction was extended for 2 weeks in 2 cases with radiographic patellar ligament desmitis. Two cases in the intermediate‐term group had minor complications at intermediate‐term RE. No new PE or RE complications developed between short‐term and intermediate‐term evaluations.ConclusionAt routine rechecks of dogs with no owner‐perceived issues after TPLO, 49% had minor complications but only 2% were deemed significant enough to alter patient management. The likelihood of new radiographic complications developing after short‐term evaluation is low.Clinical significanceRoutine radiographic recheck examinations rarely altered the postoperative plan in TPLO cases with unremarkable clinical recoveries.
Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Kingsley Jonathan , Hadgraft Nyssa , Owen Neville , Sugiyama Takemi , Dunstan David W. , Chandrabose Manoj 
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011–2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34–94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.
DNA methylation-based signature of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes enables evaluation of immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zou Qi , Wang Xiaolin , Ren Donglin , Hu Bang , Tang Guannan , Zhang Yu , Huang Meijin , Pai Rish K , Buchanan Daniel D , Win Aung Ko , Newcomb Polly A , Grady William M , Yu Huichuan , Luo Yanxin 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ TILs, can be used for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness and survival outcome. However, the evaluation of CD8+ TILs currently relies on histopathological methodology with high variability. We therefore aimed to develop a DNA methylation signature for CD8+ TILs (CD8+ MeTIL) that could evaluate immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA CD8+ MeTIL signature score was constructed by using CD8+ T cell-specific differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that were identified from Illumina EPIC methylation arrays. Immune cells, colon epithelial cells, and two CRC cohorts (n=282 and 335) were used to develop a PCR-based assay for quantitative analysis of DNA methylation at single-base resolution (QASM) to determine CD8 + MeTIL signature score.ResultsThree CD8+ T cell-specific DMPs were identified to construct the CD8+ MeTIL signature score, which showed a dramatic discriminability between CD8+ T cells and other cells. The QASM assay we developed for CD8+ MeTIL markers could measure CD8+ TILs distributions in a fully quantitative, accurate, and simple manner. The CD8+ MeTIL score determined by QASM assay showed a strong association with histopathology-based CD8+ TIL counts and a gene expression-based immune marker. Furthermore, the low CD8+ MeTIL score (enriched CD8+ TILs) was associated with MSI-H tumors and predicted better survival in CRC cohorts.ConclusionsThis study developed a quantitative DNA methylation-based signature that was reliable to evaluate CD8+ TILs and prognosis in CRC. This approach has the potential to be a tool for investigations on CD8+ TILs and a biomarker for therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy.
Au-O-MWCNTs and TiO2-O-MWCNTs as Efficient Nanocarriers for Dexamethasone: Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Haghighi Maryam , Khoshfetrat Azadeh 
Published: September 2021

In this research, the fabrication of drug delivery systems based on oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was studied. Herein, TiO2 and Au were conjugated with O-MWCNTs to prepare efficient nanocarriers for dexamethasone (dex). The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, dex loading was studied using adsorption isotherms including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich. The results show that dex adsorption agreed well with the Freundlich isotherm. Increasing the TiO2 to O-MWCNT ratio from (1 : 4) to (1 : 2) can improve the adsorption capacity from

290

mg
⋅

g

−
1

to 320

320

mg
⋅

g

−
1

. The increasing Au amount increases the adsorption capacity from

437.78

mg
⋅

g

−
1

(SA1) to maximum

476.19

mg
⋅

g

−
1

(SA6). The maximum equilibrium binding energy

A

T

1.67

L
⋅

mg

−
1

was obtained for SA2, and SA7 shows high binding strength between dex and the nanoadsorbent. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show good affinity with high loading capabilities for dexamethasone adsorption. The synthesized TiO2-O-MWCNTs:1/2 with the maximum removal percent (80%) was proposed as an appropriate nanocarrier for dexamethasone. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were investigated for all synthesized drug nanocarriers. According to regression coefficients, experimental data are in good agreement with the pseudo-second order model for all adsorbents except O-MWCNT/CTAB. Experimental results revealed that the Elovich model could account for the O-MWCNT/CTAB adsorbent.
Determinants of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) of Glaucoma Patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Mitiku Wale , Gebremichael Shewayiref Geremew 
Published: September 2021

Background. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world associated with characteristic damage to the optic nerve and patterns of visual field loss due to retinal ganglion cell degeneration. The main objective of this study was to investigate determinants for the variation of intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients under treatment at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective cohort study design was conducted on 328 randomly selected glaucoma patients in the ophthalmology clinic at the hospital under the follow-up period from January 2014 to December 2018. Glaucoma patients who have two and more than two visits in the study period were included in the study, but patients who are attending medications less than two visits were excluded from the study. A linear mixed-effects model for intraocular pressure change was used for data analysis. Result. The estimated coefficient of fixed effect intercept was 25.1829, which indicates that the average IOP of the patients was 25.1829 mmHg at baseline time by excluding all covariates in the model (

p

value <0.0001), age (

β

=0.07, 95%CI 0.03, 0.11), urban residence (

β

= −1.60, 95%CI −2.84, −0.36), family history of glaucoma (

β

= 4.90, 95%CI 3.38–6.43), timolol and pilocarpine medication (

β

= −2.02, 95%CI −4.01, −0.03), cup-disk ratio >0.7 (

β

= 2.60, 95% CI 1.24–3.96), and follow-up time (

β

= −0.34, 95%CI −0.47, −0.21) were significantly associated with intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients. Conclusion. The predictor age, residence, family history of glaucoma, type of medication, cup-disk ratio, and follow-up time were significantly associated with the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients. Therefore, healthcare providers give more attention and prioritize those identified factors and give frequent counseling about reducing intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients.
Subjective Taste and Smell Changes in Conjunction with Anxiety and Depression Are Associated with Symptoms in Patients with Functional Constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Liu Jie , Lv Chaolan , Wu Dandan , Wang Ying , Sun Chenyu , Cheng Ce , Yu Yue 
Published: September 2021

Background. Patients with functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often report psychological abnormalities and decreased eating enjoyment. Several patients also complain of changes in the sense of smell and taste, but these are often disregarded clinically. Aims. Therefore, there is a need to determine whether taste/smell disturbances and psychological abnormalities are present in patients with FC or IBS and whether these are related to the severity of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods. A total of 337 subjects were recruited, including FC (

n
=
115

), IBS (

n
=
126

), and healthy controls (

n
=
96

). All participants completed questionnaires evaluating taste and smell (taste and smell survey (TSS)), Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (LGSRS), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD). TSS recorded information on the nature of taste and smell changes (TSCs) and the impact of these changes on the quality of life. LGSRS was used to assess the severity of lower gastrointestinal symptoms; HAMA and HAMD scales were used to reflect the psychosocial state. This study protocol was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-2100044643). Results. Firstly, we found that taste and smell scores were higher in patients with IBS than in healthy controls. Secondly, for FC and IBS patients, LGSRS was significantly correlated with the taste score (

Spearma

n

’

s

rho
=
0.832

,

P
<
0.001

). LGSRS was also significantly correlated with HAMA (

Spearma

n

’

s

rho
=
0.357

,

P
=
0.017

) and HAMD (

Spearma

n

’

s

rho
=
0.377

,

P
=
0.012

). In addition, the taste score was significantly correlated with HAMD (

Spearma

n

’

s

rho
=
0.479

,

P
=
0.001

), while the smell score was also significantly correlated with HAMD (

Spearma

n

’

s

rho
=
0.325

,

P
=
0.031

). Thirdly, 60.87% and 71.43% of patients complained of taste abnormality, while 65.22% and 71.43% had smell abnormality in the FC and IBS groups, respectively. Meanwhile, 47.83% and 47.62% of patients suffered from anxiety, while 43.48% and 57.14% suffered from depression in the FC and IBS groups, respectively. Finally, we found significant differences in the taste, smell, HAMD, and LGSRS scores between the female and male IBS groups (

P
<
0.050

). Conclusions. TSCs and psychological disorders are prominent in FC and IBS patients. Taste abnormalities, as well as anxiety and depression, are significantly correlated with LGSRS. Awareness of this high prevalence of taste/smell abnormalities and the psychological changes among patients with FC and IBS may help better predict and understand the severity of symptoms.
O modelo tridimensional e a Arquitetura: do físico ao digital
Authors: Vizioli Simone Helena Tanoue , Silva Giulia Ravanini 
Published: September 2021

A representação e a linguagem são um par indissociável no campo da Arquitetura. Desenhos e modelos também caminham juntos desde vários séculos, ocupando papéis similares: registros da realidade, projetos de ideias, documentação da história. Este artigo destaca algumas potencialidades dos modelos tridimensionais: discorre sobre aspectos históricos, discute também novas tecnologias de mapeamento digital 3D e por fim, apresenta uma experiência prática didática – workshop “Fotogrametria + Patrimônio”. Ele foi realizado pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Estudos de Linguagem em Arquitetura e Cidade do Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP (n.elac/ iau usp) e teve como objetivo a aplicação da técnica da fotogrametria no estudo da Fazenda do Pinhal, São Calos, SP.
Cahora Bassa Dam & the Delusion of Development
Authors: Isaacman Allen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
On December 6, 1974, two pressure-driven steel gates of the Cahora Bassa Dam, each weighing 220 tons, stopped the mighty Zambezi River in its course. After five years of toil by more than five thousand workers, the construction of Mozambique's Cahora Bassa was complete. At the time, it was the fifth-largest dam in the world. The hydroelectric dam was the last megaproject constructed in Africa during the turbulent era of decolonization. Through the voices of peasants and fishermen, displaced by the dam and the workers who built it, this essay analyzes the far-reaching social, political, and ecological consequences of Cahora Bassa. It also explores the devastating impact on riparian life downriver from the dam, which dramatically reduced the annual inundation of the floodplain that supported hundreds of thousands of farmers as well as fish, birds, and mammals.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Africa's Water Tower, Environmental Justice & Infrastructural Power
Authors: Verhoeven Harry 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Global environmental imaginaries such as “the climate crisis” and “water wars” dominate the discussion on African states and their predicament in the face of global warming and unmet demands for sustainable livelihoods. I argue that the intersecting challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity are providing impetus for the articulation of ambitious state-building projects, in the Nile Basin as elsewhere, that rework regional political geographies and expand “infrastructural power”–the ways in which the state can penetrate society, control its territory, and implement consequential policies. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam should be understood as intending to alter how the state operates, domestically and internationally; how it is seen by its citizens; and how they relate to each other and to their regional neighbors. To legitimize such material and ideational transformations and reposition itself in international politics, the Ethiopian party-state has embedded the dam in a discourse of “environmental justice”: a rectification of historical and geographical ills to which Ethiopia and its impoverished masses were subjected. However, critics have adopted their own environmental justice narratives to denounce the failure of Ethiopia's developmental model and its benefiting of specific ethnolinguistic constituencies at the expense of the broader population.
Lexical Frequency and Sentence Context Influence the Brain’s Response to Single Words
Authors: Huizeling Eleanor , Arana Sophie , Hagoort Peter , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTypical adults read remarkably quickly. Such fast reading is facilitated by brain processes that are sensitive to both word frequency and contextual constraints. It is debated as to whether these attributes have additive or interactive effects on language processing in the brain. We investigated this issue by analysing existing magnetoencephalography data from 99 participants reading intact and scrambled sentences. Using a cross-validated model comparison scheme, we found that lexical frequency predicted the word-by-word elicited MEG signal in a widespread cortical network, irrespective of sentential context. In contrast, index (ordinal word position) was more strongly encoded in sentence words, in left front-temporal areas. This confirms that frequency influences word processing independently of predictability, and that contextual constraints affect word-by-word brain responses. With a conservative multiple comparisons correction, only the interaction between lexical frequency and surprisal survived, in anterior temporal and frontal cortex, and not between lexical frequency and entropy, nor between lexical frequency and index. However, interestingly, the uncorrected index × frequency interaction revealed an effect in left frontal and temporal cortex that reversed in time and space for intact compared to scrambled sentences. Finally, we provide evidence to suggest that, in sentences, lexical frequency and predictability may independently influence early (&lt;150 ms) and late stages of word processing, but also interact during late stages of word processing (&gt;150–250 ms), thus helping to converge previous contradictory eye-tracking and electrophysiological literature. Current neurocognitive models of reading would benefit from accounting for these differing effects of lexical frequency and predictability on different stages of word processing.