bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Predictive Maintenance With Machine Learning for Reliability Improvement
Authors: Ren Yali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Predictive maintenance, as a form of pro-active maintenance, has increasing usage and shows significant superiority over the corrective and preventive maintenance. However, conventional methods of predictive maintenance have noteworthy limitations in maintenance optimization and reliability improvement. In the last two decades, machine learning has flourished and overcome many inherent flaws of conventional maintenance prediction methods. Meanwhile, machine learning displays unprecedented predictive power in maintenance prediction and optimization. This paper compares the features of corrective, preventive, and predictive maintenance, examines the conventional approaches to predictive maintenance, and analyzes their drawbacks. Subsequently, this paper explores the driving forces, and advantages of machine learning over conventional solutions in predictive maintenance. Specifically, this paper reviews popular supervised learning and reinforcement learning algorithms and the associated typical applications in predictive maintenance. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the four critical steps of machine learning applications in maintenance prediction. Finally, the author proposes the future researches concerning how to utilize machine learning to optimize maintenance prediction and planning, improve equipment reliability, and achieve the best possible benefit.
A Robust Detector for Automated Welding Seam Tracking System
Authors: Zou Yanbiao , Zhu Mingquan , Chen Xiangzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccurate locating of the weld seam under strong noise is the biggest challenge for automated welding. In this paper, we construct a robust seam detector on the framework of deep learning object detection algorithm. The representative object algorithm, a single shot multibox detector (SSD), is studied to establish the seam detector framework. The improved SSD is applied to seam detection. Under the SSD object detection framework, combined with the characteristics of the seam detection task, the multifeature combination network (MFCN) is proposed. The network comprehensively utilizes the local information and global information carried by the multilayer features to detect a weld seam and realizes the rapid and accurate detection of the weld seam. To solve the problem of single-frame seam image detection algorithm failure under continuous super-strong noise, the sequence image multifeature combination network (SMFCN) is proposed based on the MFCN detector. The recurrent neural network (RNN) is used to learn the temporal context information of convolutional features to accurately detect the seam under continuous super-noise. Experimental results show that the proposed seam detectors are extremely robust. The SMFCN can maintain extremely high detection accuracy under continuous super-strong noise. The welding results show that the laser vision seam tracking system using the SMFCN can ensure that the welding precision meets industrial requirements under a welding current of 150 A.
Nonlinear Transverse Vibration of a Hyperelastic Beam Under Harmonically Varying Axial Loading
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Zhu Weidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear transverse vibration of a hyperelastic beam under a harmonically varying axial load is analyzed in this work. Equations of motion of the beam are derived via the extended Hamilton's principle, where transverse vibration is coupled with longitudinal vibration. The governing equation of nonlinear transverse vibration of the beam is obtained by decoupling the equations of motion. By applying the Galerkin method, the governing equation transforms to a series of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Response of the beam is obtained via three different methods: the Runge–Kutta method, multiple scales method, and harmonic balance method. Time histories, phase-plane portraits, fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), and amplitude–frequency responses of nonlinear transverse vibration of the beam are obtained. Comparison of results from the three methods is made. Results from the multiple scales method are in good agreement with those from the harmonic balance and Runge–Kutta methods when the amplitude of vibration is small. Effects of the material parameter and geometrical parameter of the beam on its amplitude–frequency responses are analyzed.
Swing Phase Mechanics of Maximal Velocity Sprints—Does Isokinetic Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Matter?
Authors: Alt Tobias , Komnik Igor , Severin Jannik , Nodler Yannick T. , Benker Rita , Knicker Axel J. , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Concentric hip and eccentric knee joint mechanics affect sprint performance. Although the biarticular hamstrings combine these capacities, empirical links between swing phase mechanics and corresponding isokinetic outcome parameters are deficient. This explorative study aimed (1) to explain the variance of sprint velocity, (2) to compare maximal sprints with isokinetic tests, (3) to associate swing phase mechanics with isokinetic parameters, and (4) to quantify the relation between knee and hip joint swing phase mechanics. Methods: A total of 22 sprinters (age = 22 y, height = 1.81 m, weight = 77 kg) performed sprints and eccentric knee flexor and concentric knee extensor tests. All exercises were captured by 10 (sprints) and 4 (isokinetics) cameras. Lower-limb muscle balance was assessed by the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point. Results: The sprint velocity (9.79 [0.49] m/s) was best predicted by the maximal knee extension velocity, hip mean power (both swing phase parameters), and isokinetic peak moment of concentric quadriceps exercise (R2 = 60%). The moment of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (R2 = 39%) was the isokinetic parameter with the highest predictive power itself. Knee and hip joint mechanics affected each other during sprinting. They were significantly associated with isokinetic parameters of eccentric hamstring tests, as well as moments and angles of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point, but restrictedly with concentric quadriceps exercise. The maximal sprints imposed considerably higher loads than isokinetic tests (eg, 13-fold eccentric knee joint peak power). Conclusions: Fast sprinters demonstrated distinctive knee and hip mechanics in the late swing phase, as well as strong eccentric hamstrings, with a clear association to the musculoarticular requirements of the swing phase in sprinting. The transferability of isokinetic knee strength data to sprinting is limited inter alia due to different hip joint configurations. However, isokinetic tests quantify specific sprint-related muscular prerequisites and constitute a useful diagnostic tool due to their predicting value to sprint performance.
Protocol for a qualitative study to identify strategies to optimise hospital ePrescribing systems
Authors: Heeney Catherine , Malden Stephen , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) is a key area of development and investment in the UK and across the developed world. ePrescribing is widely understood as a vehicle for tackling medication-related safety concerns, improving care quality and making more efficient use of health resources. Nevertheless, implementation of an electronic health record does not itself ensure benefits for prescribing are maximised. We examine the process of optimisation of ePrescribing systems using case studies to provide policy recommendations based on the experiences of digitally mature hospital sites.Methods and analysisQualitative interviews within six digitally mature sites will be carried out. The aim is to capture successful optimisation of electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) in particular health systems and hospitals. We have identified hospital sites in the UK and in three other developed countries. We used a combination of literature reviews and advice from experts at Optimising ePrescribing in Hospitals (eP Opt) Project round-table events. Sites were purposively selected based on geographical area, innovative work in ePrescribing/electronic health (eHealth) and potential transferability of practices to the UK setting. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed and transcripts coded thematically using NVivo software. Relevant policy and governance documents will be analysed, where available. Planned site visits were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe Usher Research Ethics Group granted approval for this study. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals in medical informatics and expert round-table events, lay member meetings and the ePrescribing Toolkit (http://www.eprescribingtoolkit.com/)—an online resource supporting National Health Service (NHS) hospitals through the ePrescribing process.
Cataract surgery practice patterns worldwide: a survey
Authors: Rossi Tommaso , Romano Mario R , Iannetta Danilo , Romano Vito , Gualdi Luca , D'Agostino Isabella , Ripandelli Guido 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo report the results of a global survey on cataract practice patterns related to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care, surgical setting and personnel allocation.Methods and analysisAn online 28 questions survey was sent to 240 ophthalmologists asking to describe prevailing trends in their institutions across 38 countries and 5 continents. Questions inquired country, institution, surgical volume and setting, anaesthesia, preoperative and intraoperative examination and postsurgical care. Statistical analysis used crosstabs lambda statistics for non-parametric nominal variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results209/240 (87%) ophthalmologists responded: 38% representing public hospitals, 36% private practices and 26% academic sites; overall surgical volume was between 241 700 and 410 500 cataracts per year. There was a significant correlation between type of institution and surgical volume. Complete results available in online (https://freeonlinesurveys.com/r/W6BcLLxy).ConclusionCataract surgery related patterns of perioperative care showed significant difference among respondents, regardless to type of institution, surgical volume and country. Many evidence-based procedures are unevenly practiced around the world and some widespread and expensive habits lack solid scientific evidence while consuming enormous amount of resources both monetary and human. There is a need to reach consensus and share evidence-based practice patterns.
Therapeutic effects of turmeric or curcumin extract on pain and function for individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Paultre Kristopher , Cade William , Hernandez Daniel , Reynolds John , Greif Dylan , Best Thomas Michael 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo determine whether supplementation with turmeric or curcumin extract effects pain and physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Second, we investigated the therapeutic response (pain and function) of turmeric compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).MethodsA search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Review. Inclusion criteria included randomised controlled trials reporting pain and physical function in humans with knee OA comparing turmeric therapy with NSAIDs or no therapy. Two reviewers screened 5273 abstracts. Risk of bias and quality were assessed via Cochrane Collaboration tool and CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010, respectively.ResultsTen studies were included in the final analysis. Eight had high methodological quality and two were categorised as good with a mean CONSORT quality score of 21.1. Nine studies had adequate sequence generation and six had adequate allocation concealment. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded in eight studies. Three of the studies compared turmeric therapy to NSAIDs. All 10 studies showed improvement in pain and function from baseline with turmeric therapy (p≤0.05). In three studies comparing turmeric to NSAIDs, there were no differences in outcome scores (p>0.05). In all studies there were no significant adverse events in the turmeric therapy group.ConclusionCompared with placebo, there appears to be a benefit of turmeric on knee OA pain and function. Based on a small number of studies the effects are similar to that of NSAIDs. Variables such as optimal dosing, frequency and formulation remain unclear at this time.
Acupuncture for palliative cancer pain management: systematic review
Authors: Yang Juan , Wahner-Roedler Dietlind L , Zhou Xuan , Johnson Lesley A , Do Alex , Pachman Deirdre R , Chon Tony Y , Salinas Manisha , Millstine Denise , Bauer Brent A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPain is one of the most common and problematic symptoms encountered by patients with cancer. Due to the multifactorial aetiology, pain management of these patients frequently requires multidisciplinary interventions including conventional support and specialty palliative care. Acupuncture has been identified as a possible adjunctive therapy for symptom management in cancer pain, and there is currently no systematic review focused solely on the evidence of acupuncture on cancer pain in palliative care.ObjectiveTo critically analyse currently available publications regarding the use of acupuncture for pain management among patients with cancer in palliative care settings.MethodsMultiple academic databases were searched from inception to 29 October 2020. Randomised controlled trials involving acupuncture in palliative care for treatment of cancer-related pain were synthesised. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2011 Levels of Evidence.ResultsFive studies (n=189) were included in this systematic review. Results indicated a favourable effect of acupuncture on pain relief in palliative care for patients with cancer. According to OCEBM 2011 Levels of Evidence, they were level 2 in one case (20%), level 3 in two cases (40%) and level 4 in the remaining (40%). Low-level evidence adversely affects the reliability of findings.ConclusionsAcupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment associated with pain reduction in the palliative care of patients with cancer. Further high-quality, adequately powered studies are needed in the future.
Effect of coronary flow on intracoronary alteplase: a prespecified analysis from a randomised trial
Authors: Maznyczka Annette Marie , McCartney Peter , Duklas Patrycja , McEntegart Margaret , Oldroyd Keith G , Greenwood John P , Muir Douglas , Chowdhary Saqib , Gershlick Anthony H , Appleby Clare , Eteiba Hany , Cotton James , Wragg Andrew , Curzen Nick , Tait R Campbell , MacFarlane Peter , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Petrie Mark C , Ford Ian , Fox Keith A A , McConnachie Alex , Berry Colin 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesPersistently impaired culprit artery flow (<TIMI 3) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention is a surrogate for failed myocardial perfusion. We evaluated the effects of intracoronary alteplase according to TIMI flow grade immediately preceding drug administration.MethodsIn T-TIME (trial of low-dose adjunctive alTeplase during primary PCI), patients ≤6 hours from onset of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were randomised to placebo, alteplase 10 mg or alteplase 20 mg, administered by infusion into the culprit artery, pre-stenting. In this prespecified, secondary analysis, coronary flow was assessed angiographically at the point immediately before drug administration. Microvascular obstruction, myocardial haemorrhage and infarct size were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 2–7 days and 3 months.ResultsTIMI flow was assessed after first treatment (balloon angioplasty/aspiration thrombectomy), immediately pre-drug administration, in 421 participants (mean age 61±10 years, 85% male) and was 3, 2 or 1 in 267, 134 and 19 participants respectively. In patients with TIMI flow ≤2 pre-drug, there was higher incidence of microvascular obstruction with alteplase (alteplase 20 mg (53.1%) and 10 mg (59.5%) combined versus placebo (34.1%); OR=2.47 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.22, p=0.018) interaction p=0.005) and higher incidence of myocardial haemorrhage (alteplase 20 mg (53.1%) and 10 mg (57.9%) combined vs placebo (27.5%); OR=3.26 (95% CI 1.44 to 7.36, p=0.004) interaction p=0.001). These effects were not observed in participants with TIMI 3 flow pre-drug. There were no interactions between TIMI flow pre-drug, alteplase and 3-month CMR findings.ConclusionIn patients with impaired culprit artery flow (<TIMI 3) after initial balloon angioplasty/thrombus aspiration, intracoronary alteplase was associated with increased presence of microvascular obstruction and myocardial haemorrhage.Trial registration numberNCT02257294.
Single high-sensitivity troponin levels to assess patients with potential acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Barnes Cara , Fatovich Daniel M , Macdonald Stephen P J , Alcock Richard F , Spiro Jon R , Briffa Tom G , Schultz Carl J , Hillis Graham S 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that patients with a potential acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and very low levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I can be efficiently and safely discharged from the emergency department after a single troponin measurement.MethodsThis prospective cohort study recruited 2255 consecutive patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the Emergency Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, with chest pain without high-risk features but requiring the exclusion of ACS. Patients were managed using a guideline-recommended pathway or our novel Single Troponin Accelerated Triage (STAT) pathway. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients discharged in <3 hours. Secondary outcomes included the duration of observation and death or acute myocardial infarction in the next 30 days.ResultsThe study enrolled 1131 patients to the standard cohort and 1124 to the STAT cohort. Thirty-eight per cent of the standard cohort were discharged directly from emergency department compared with 63% of the STAT cohort (p<0.001). The median duration of observation was 4.3 (IQR 3.3–7.1) hours in the standard cohort and 3.6 (2.6–5.4) hours in the STAT cohort (p<0.001), with 21% and 38% discharged in <3 hours, respectively (p<0.001). No patients discharged directly from the emergency department died or suffered an acute myocardial infarction within 30 days in either cohort.ConclusionsAmong low-risk patients with a potential ACS, a pathway which incorporates early discharge based on a single very low level of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin increases the proportion of patients discharged directly from the emergency department, reduces length of stay and is safe.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000797279.
Therapy of lymphoma by immune checkpoint inhibitors: the role of T cells, NK cells and cytokine-induced tumor senescence
Authors: Ahmetlic Fatima , Fauser Josia , Riedel Tanja , Bauer Vera , Flessner Carolin , Hömberg Nadine , Hennel Roman , Brenner Ellen , Lauber Kirsten , Röcken Martin , Mocikat Ralph 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAlthough antibodies blocking immune checkpoints have already been approved for clinical cancer treatment, the mechanisms involved are not yet completely elucidated. Here we used a λ-MYC transgenic model of endogenously growing B-cell lymphoma to analyze the requirements for effective therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsGrowth of spontaneous lymphoma was monitored in mice that received antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4, and the role of different immune cell compartments and cytokines was studied by in vivo depletion experiments. Activation of T and natural killer cells and the induction of tumor senescence were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsOn immune checkpoint blockade, visible lymphomas developed at later time points than in untreated controls, indicating an enhanced tumor control. Importantly, 20% to 30% of mice were even long-term protected and did never develop clinical signs of tumor growth. The therapeutic effect was dependent on cytokine-induced senescence in malignant B cells. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were necessary for the survival benefit as well as for senescence induction in the λ-MYC model. Antibody therapy improved T-cell functions such as cytokine production, and long-time survivors were only observed in the presence of T cells. Yet, NK cells also had a pronounced effect on therapy-induced delay of tumor growth. Antibody treatment enhanced numbers, proliferation and IFN-γ expression of NK cells in developing tumors. The therapeutic effect was fully abrogated only after depletion of both, T cells and NK cells, or after ablation of either IFN-γ or TNF.ConclusionsTumor cell senescence may explain why patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade frequently show stable growth arrest of tumors rather than complete tumor regression. In the lymphoma model studied, successful therapy required both, tumor-directed T-cell responses and NK cells, which control, at least partly, tumor development through cytokine-induced tumor senescence.
Incidence of thromboembolism in patients with melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and its adverse association with survival
Authors: Sussman Tamara A , Li Hong , Hobbs Brian , Funchain Pauline , McCrae Keith R , Khorana Alok A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThromboembolism (TE) in cancer significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the incidence of arterial TE (ATE) and venous TE (VTE) in patients with melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with melanoma receiving ICI from July 2015 through December 2017 at the Cleveland Clinic. TE, including VTE events of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, visceral vein thrombosis, and ATE events of myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial embolism, or transient ischemic attack after ICI initiation were identified. Overall survival (OS) from ICI initiation was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazard models; associations between TE, ICI regimen, and clinical risk factors were evaluated using log-rank test.ResultsThe study population comprised 228 patients with median age of 65 years (23–91 years), 67% male, and median follow-up of 27.3 months. Pembrolizumab was most commonly used (38.7%), followed by combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab (29.4%), ipilimumab (20%), and nivolumab (12.3%). Most had stage IV disease (81.1%) and 11% had brain metastases (BM) at treatment initiation. Fifty-one TE events occurred in 47 patients (20.6%), including 37 (16.2%) VTE and 14 (6.1%) ATE. Cumulative incidence of TE after ICI initiation was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.0% to 13.6%) at 6 months, and 16.0% (95% CI: 11.6% to 21.2%) at 12 months. The 6-month and 12-month VTE cumulative incidence rates were higher with combination ICI than single agent (16.7% vs 5.0% and 21.3% vs 9.5%, respectively; p=0.02). Risk factors significantly associated with VTE in multivariate analysis included combination ICI (HR 2.70; 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.70; p=0.009), Khorana Score ≥1 (HR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.74; p=0.03), history of coronary artery disease (HR 2.71; 95% CI: 1.16 to 6.29); p=0.02), and anticoagulation at treatment start (HR 4.14; 95% CI: 1.60 to 10.7; p=0.003). Of patients without BM, OS was worse in patients with TE compared with those without (2-year OS 50.8% vs 71.3%; HR 2.27; 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.79; p=0.002), when adjusted for age and stage.ConclusionsICI is associated with a high incidence of TE in patients with melanoma, with higher rates with combination therapy; TE is associated with substantial worsening of survival. Further studies are needed to identify pathophysiology, biomarkers, and preventive approaches.