bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super Resolution Digital Image Correlation (SR-DIC): an Alternative to Image Stitching at High Magnifications
Authors: Hansen R. S. , Waldram D. W. , Thai T. Q. , Berke R. B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
High-resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements have previously been produced by stitching of neighboring images, which often requires short working distances. Separately, the image processing community has developed super resolution (SR) imaging techniques, which improve resolution by combining multiple overlapping images.

Objective
This work investigates the novel pairing of super resolution with digital image correlation, as an alternative method to produce high-resolution full-field strain measurements.

Methods
First, an image reconstruction test is performed, comparing the ability of three previously published SR algorithms to replicate a high-resolution image. Second, an applied translation is compared against DIC measurement using both low- and super-resolution images. Third, a ring sample is mechanically deformed and DIC strain measurements from low- and super-resolution images are compared.

Results
SR measurements show improvements compared to low-resolution images, although they do not perfectly replicate the high-resolution image. SR-DIC demonstrates reduced error and improved confidence in measuring rigid body translation when compared to low resolution alternatives, and it also shows improvement in spatial resolution for strain measurements of ring deformation.

Conclusions
Super resolution imaging can be effectively paired with Digital Image Correlation, offering improved spatial resolution, reduced error, and increased measurement confidence.
Maternal stress programs a demasculinization of glutamatergic transmission in stress-related brain regions of aged rats
Authors: Verhaeghe Remy , Gao Vance , Morley-Fletcher Sara , Bouwalerh Hammou , Van Camp Gilles , Cisani Francesca , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Maccari Stefania 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrain aging may be programmed by early-life stress. Aging affects males and females differently, but how perinatal stress (PRS) affects brain aging between sexes is unknown. We showed behavioral and neurobiological sex differences in non-stressed control rats that were strongly reduced or inverted in PRS rats. In particular, PRS decreased risk-taking behavior, spatial memory, exploratory behavior, and fine motor behavior in male aged rats. In contrast, female aged PRS rats displayed only increased risk-taking behavior and reduced exploratory behavior. PRS induced large reductions in the expression of glutamate receptors in the ventral and dorsal hippocampus and prefrontal cortex only in male rats. PRS also reduced the expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the ventral hippocampus of aged male rats. In contrast, in female aged rats, PRS enhanced the expression of MRs and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ventral hippocampus and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex. A common PRS effect in both sexes was a reduction in exploratory behavior and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2/3) receptors in the ventral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A multidimensional analysis revealed that PRS induced a demasculinization profile in glutamate-related proteins in the ventral and dorsal hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as a demasculinization profile of stress markers only in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, defeminization was observed only in the ventral hippocampus. Measurements of testosterone and 17-β-estradiol in the plasma and aromatase in the dorsal hippocampus were consistent with a demasculinizing action of PRS. These findings confirm that the brains of males and females differentially respond to PRS and aging suggesting that females might be more protected against early stress and age-related inflammation and neurodegeneration. Taken together, these results may contribute to understanding how early environmental factors shape vulnerability to brain aging in both sexes and may lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying new treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of older individuals, which is of particular interest given that there is a high growth of aging in populations around the world.
The association of proBNPage with manifestations of age-related cardiovascular, physical, and psychological impairment in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Muscari Antonio , Bianchi Giampaolo , Forti Paola , Magalotti Donatella , Pandolfi Paolo , Zoli Marco ,   the Pianoro Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractNT-proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serum concentration can be transformed by simple formulas into proBNPage, a surrogate of biological age strongly associated with chronological age, all-cause mortality, and disease count. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether proBNPage is also associated with other manifestations of the aging process in comparison with other variables. The study included 1117 noninstitutionalized older adults (73.1 ± 5.6 years, 537 men). Baseline measurements of serum NT-proBNP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and creatinine, which have previously been shown to be highly associated with both age and all-cause mortality, were performed. These variables were compared between subjects with and without manifestations of cardiovascular impairment (myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), arterial revascularizations (AR)), physical impairment (long step test duration (LSTD), walking problems, falls, deficit in one or more activities of daily living), and psychological impairment (poor self-rating of health (PSRH), anxiety/depression, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 24). ProBNPage (years) was independently associated (OR, 95% CI) with MI (1.08, 1.07–1.10), stroke (1.02, 1.00–1.05), PAD (1.04, 1.01–1.06), AR (1.06, 1.04–1.08), LSTD (1.03, 1.02–1.04), walking problems (1.02, 1.01–1.03), and PSRH (1.02, 1.01–1.02). For 5 of these 7 associations, the relationship was stronger than that of chronological age. In addition, proBNPage was univariately associated with MMSE score < 24, anxiety/depression, and falls. None of the other variables provided comparable performances. Thus, in addition to the known associations with mortality and disease count, proBNPage is also associated with cardiovascular manifestations as well as noncardiovascular manifestations of the aging process.
Maternal Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and Mental and Behavioral Disorders in the Offspring: a Review
Authors: Robinson Rachel , Lähdepuro Anna , Tuovinen Soile , Girchenko Polina , Rantalainen Ville , Heinonen Kati , Lahti Jari , Räikkönen Katri , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review here recent original research and meta-analytic evidence on the associations of maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders and mental and behavioral disorders in the offspring.Recent FindingsSeven meta-analyses and 11 of 16 original research studies published since 2015 showed significant associations between maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders and offspring mental and behavioral disorders. Evidence was most consistent in meta-analyses and high-quality cohort studies. The associations, independent of familial confounding, were observed on different mental and behavioral disorders in childhood and schizophrenia in adulthood. Preterm birth and small-for-gestational age birth emerged as possible moderators and mediators of the associations. Cross-sectional and case-control studies yielded inconsistent findings, but had lower methodological quality.SummaryAccumulating evidence from methodologically sound studies shows that maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders are associated with an increased risk of mental and behavioral disorders in the offspring in childhood. More studies on adult mental disorders are needed.
L’acromegalia nell’anziano
Authors: Gagliardi Irene , Chiloiro Sabrina , Giampietro Antonella , Bianchi Antonio , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2021

SommarioUn aumento del numero di pazienti acromegalici anziani è atteso nei prossimi anni grazie ai miglioramenti apportati in campo diagnostico e terapeutico. La diagnosi di acromegalia nell’anziano può risultare insidiosa a causa di quadri clinici sfumati che possono sovrapporsi alle manifestazioni tipiche dell’invecchiamento. Non esistono criteri diagnostici specifici per l’anziano. La chirurgia si è dimostrata efficace e relativamente sicura anche nel paziente anziano che, tuttavia, presenta una buona risposta agli analoghi della somatostatina.
Towards open-source LOD2 modelling using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Muftah H. , Rowan T. S. L. , Butler A. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to classify and segment roofs using vertical aerial imagery to generate three-dimensional (3D) models. Such models can be used, for example, to evaluate the rainfall runoff from properties for rainwater harvesting and in assessing solar energy and roof insulation options. Aerial orthophotos and building footprints are used to extract individual roofs and bounding boxes, which are then fed into one neural network for classification and then another for segmentation. The approach initially implements transfer learning on a pre-trained VGG16 model. The first step achieves an accuracy of 95.39% as well as aF1score of 95%. The classified images are segmented using a fully convolutional network semantic segmentation model. The mask of the segmented roof planes is used to extract the coordinates of the roof edges and the nexus points using the Harris corner detector algorithm. The coordinates of the corners are then used to plot a 3D Level of Detail 2 (LOD2) representation of the building and the roof height is determined by calculating the maximum and minimum height of a Digital Surface Model LiDAR point cloud and known building height data. Subsequently the wireframe plot can be used to compute the roof area. This model achieved an accuracy of 80.2%, 96.1%, 96.0%, 85.1% and 91.1% for flat, hip, gable, cross-hip and mansard roofs, respectively.
Explaining New Patterns in Family Leave Policies in Latin America: Competing Visions and Facilitating Institutions
Authors: Hawley Marisa , Carnes Matthew E. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen the rapid passage and modification of family leave policies in Latin America, a surprising trend, given the region’s historically conservative gender norms. This article argues that the rise of new paternity leave policies—as well as the modifications to longer-standing maternity leave policies—reflects contending visions of gender and the family, mediated by the institutions and actors that populate the region’s political landscape. Using an original dataset of family policy measures, this article finds that the factors facilitating the adoption of new, vanguard policies, such as paternity leave, function in ways different from those that shape the expansion of longer-standing policies, including maternity leave.
The Vertical Extent of Enhanced Densities in Cusp‐Like Regions of the Ionosphere of Mars
Authors: Golden‐Marx E. , Withers P. , Kopf A. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnusually large values of peak electron density in the ionosphere of Mars are occasionally observed in cusp‐like regions of crustal magnetic field. These features are observed as atypical examples of oblique echoes in ionograms. However, the vertical extent over which electron density values are enhanced has not yet been determined. Furthermore, the physical processes responsible for these striking features are not yet understood. Here we analyze ionograms from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on Mars Express to better constrain the spatial distribution of electron density in and around these rare ionospheric features. Data from orbits 2359, 2491, 4469, and 4513 are examined. When peak electron density is unusually large, electron density values from the peak to 165 km are increased by 30% ± 10% and the electron density at the spacecraft (∼300–400 km) is diminished. We investigate whether the central portion of an oblique echo is equivalent to a nadir echo, which would permit the reliable determination of an electron density profile in instances of unusually large peak electron densities. We find that uncertainties in the location of the center of an oblique echo render this approach unfeasible. We also report that 86.5 μs should be subtracted from travel time values reported in current MARSIS data products released prior to 2019.
Graph‐Space Optimal Transport Concept for Time‐Domain Full‐Waveform Inversion of Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Data: Nankai Trough Velocity Structure Reconstructed From a 1D Model
Authors: Górszczyk Andrzej , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetailed reconstruction of deep structures with full‐waveform inversion (FWI) of wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometer (OBS) data remains challenging and unconventional. The complexity of the long‐offset waveforms increases the nonlinearity of the inverse problem, while the sparsity of the OBS deployments leads to a poorly constrained model reconstruction. Consequently, for such a FWI setting it is difficult to derive an initial model that satisfies the cycle‐skipping criterion. Searching for a remedy to this issue, we investigate the graph‐space optimal transport (GSOT) technique, which can potentially overcome the cycle‐skipping problem at the initial FWI stage. The key feature of the GSOT cost function is the convexity with respect to the patterns in the two seismograms, which allows for correct matching of the arrivals shifted in time for more than half of the wavelet. This in turn shall allow FWI to handle the large kinematic errors of the starting model. We test this hypothesis by applying the time‐domain acoustic FWI to the synthetic and field data from the subduction zone environment. We show that despite the complexity of the geological structure, the GSOT misfit function is able to guide the FWI toward the precise velocity model reconstruction and data fitting starting from a simple 1D model. The improved convexity of the GSOT misfit function allows FWI to converge even when mismatches between the observed and synthetic signals reach a few cycles. This ability reduces the constraint on the kinematic accuracy of the initial model and makes the FWI from the OBS data more feasible.
Contribution of Biological Effects to Carbonate‐System Variations and the Air–Water CO2 Flux in Urbanized Bays in Japan
Authors: Tokoro Tatsuki , Nakaoka Shin‐ichiro , Takao Shintaro , Kuwae Tomohiro , Kubo Atsushi , Endo Toru , Nojiri Yukihiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the contribution of net biological effects (photosynthesis + respiration + decomposition) to the carbonate parameters and air–water CO2 fluxes in Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, and Osaka Bay in Japan. The carbonate parameters (fugacity of CO2, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon) were measured mainly by cargo ships traveling between Japan and other countries. We used the measurement data from three inner bays and surrounding outer bays in Japan along with reference data from previous studies for complementary analysis. We found that (a) the inner and outer bays in this study were strong annual atmospheric CO2 sinks, (b) the annual biological effect on the air–water CO2 fluxes was about 6%–27% of the measured CO2 fluxes, and it affected the seasonal variation of the CO2 flux, and (c) the biological effect was largest in Tokyo Bay, and almost the same in Ise and Osaka Bays. The intensity of the biological effect corresponded mainly with nutrient concentrations, which seemed to be controlled by the wastewater treatment in urbanized areas around the bays. Our results suggest that labile carbon/nutrient ratio of wastewater should be a major consideration for evaluating the biological effect on the carbon cycle in urbanized bays, which will continue to expand globally.
A Shift in the Wind Regime of the Southern End of the Canary Upwelling System at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Gallego D. , García‐Herrera R. , Losada T. , Mohino E. , Rodríguez de Fonseca B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we make use of historical wind direction observations to assemble an instrumental upwelling index (DUI) at the southern end of the Canary Current Upwelling System. The DUI covers the period between 1825 and 2014 and, unlike other upwelling indices, it does not rely neither in wind speed nor in reanalyzed data. In this sense, the DUI can be regarded as an instrumental index. Additionally, it avoids the suspected bias toward increasing wind speed of historical wind observations documented in previous research. Our results indicate that the frequency of the alongshore winds at the west coast of Africa between 10°N and 20°N measured by the DUI is significantly related with the wind stress and therefore the upwelling intensity in this region. The DUI presents a significant variability both at interannual and decadal timescales. We have not found any significant trend for the 20th century. However, when the entire length of the series is considered, a large shift toward more frequent alongshore winds is evidenced as a result of several decade‐long fluctuations which took place between the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This fact would imply that a significant change in the upwelling intensity at the southern end of the Canary Current Upwelling System should have occurred at the turn of the 20th century.
A novel dual HDAC and HSP90 inhibitor, MPT0G449, downregulates oncogenic pathways in human acute leukemia in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wu Yi-Wen , Chao Min-Wu , Tu Huang-Ju , Chen Liang-Chieh , Hsu Kai-Cheng , Liou Jing-Ping , Yang Chia-Ron , Yen Shih-Chung , HuangFu Wei-Chun , Pan Shiow-Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute leukemia is a highly heterogeneous disease; therefore, combination therapy is commonly used for patient treatment. Drug–drug interaction is a major concern of combined therapy; hence, dual/multi-target inhibitors have become a dominant approach for cancer drug development. HDACs and HSP90 are involved in the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and RAF/MEK/ERK, which are also highly enriched in acute leukemia gene expression profiles. Therefore, we suggest that dual HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors could represent a novel therapeutic approach for acute leukemia. MPT0G449 is a dual effect inhibitor, and it showed cytotoxic effectiveness in acute leukemia cells. Molecular docking analysis indicated that MPT0G449 possessed dual HDAC and HSP90 inhibitory abilities. Furthermore, MPT0G449 induced G2 arrest and caspase-mediated cell apoptosis in acute leukemia cells. The oncogenic signaling molecules AKT, mTOR, STAT3, STAT5, MEK, and ERK were significantly downregulated after MPT0G449 treatment in HL-60 and MOLT-4 cells. In vivo xenograft models confirmed the antitumor activity and showed the upregulation of acetyl-histone H3 and HSP70, biomarkers of pan-HDAC and HSP90 inhibition, with MPT0G449 treatment. These findings suggest that the dual inhibition of HDAC and HSP90 can suppress the expression of oncogenic pathways in acute leukemia, and MPT0G449 represents a novel therapeutic for anticancer treatment.
Dichotomy in temporal and thermal spin correlations observed in the breathing pyrochlore LiGa1−xInxCr4O8
Authors: Lee S. , Do S.-H. , Lee W. , Choi Y. S. , van Tol J. , Reyes A. P. , Gorbunov D. , Chen W.-T. , Choi K.-Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA breathing pyrochlore system is predicted to host a variety of quantum spin liquids. Despite tremendous experimental and theoretical efforts, such sought-after states remain elusive as perturbation terms and lattice distortions lead to magnetic order. Here, we utilize bond alternation and disorder to tune a magnetic ground state in the Cr-based breathing pyrochlore LiGa1−xInxCr4O8. By combining thermodynamic and magnetic resonance techniques, we provide experimental signatures of a spin-liquid-like state in x = 0.8, namely, a nearly T2-dependent magnetic specific heat and persistent spin dynamics by muon spin relaxation (μSR). Moreover, 7Li NMR, ZF-μSR, and ESR unveil the temporal and thermal dichotomy of spin correlations: a tetramer singlet on a slow time scale vs. a spin-liquid-like state on a fast time scale. Our results showcase that a bond disorder in the breathing pyrochlore offers a promising route to disclose exotic magnetic phases.
Distinct roles of tumor associated mutations in collective cell migration
Authors: Lee Rachel M. , Vitolo Michele I. , Losert Wolfgang , Martin Stuart S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that groups of cells are more likely to form clinically dangerous metastatic tumors, emphasizing the importance of understanding mechanisms underlying collective behavior. The emergent collective behavior of migrating cell sheets in vitro has been shown to be disrupted in tumorigenic cells but the connection between this behavior and in vivo tumorigenicity remains unclear. We use particle image velocimetry to measure a multidimensional migration phenotype for genetically defined human breast epithelial cell lines that range in their in vivo behavior from non-tumorigenic to aggressively metastatic. By using cells with controlled mutations, we show that PTEN deletion enhances collective migration, while Ras activation suppresses it, even when combined with PTEN deletion. These opposing effects on collective migration of two mutations that are frequently found in patient tumors could be exploited in the development of novel treatments for metastatic disease. Our methods are based on label-free phase contrast imaging, and thus could easily be applied to patient tumor cells. The short time scales of our approach do not require potentially selective growth, and thus in combination with label-free imaging would allow multidimensional collective migration phenotypes to be utilized in clinical assessments of metastatic potential.
Wild Bornean orangutans experience muscle catabolism during episodes of fruit scarcity
Authors: O’Connell Caitlin A. , DiGiorgio Andrea L. , Ugarte Alexa D. , Brittain Rebecca S. A. , Naumenko Daniel J. , Utami Atmoko Sri Suci , Vogel Erin R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPronounced temporal and spatial variation in the availability of food resources can produce energetic deficits in organisms. Fruit-dependent Bornean orangutans face extreme variation in fruit availability and experience negative energy and protein balance during episodes of fruit scarcity. We evaluate the possibility that orangutans of different sexes and ages catabolize muscle tissue when the availability of fruit is low. We assess variation in muscle mass by examining the relationship between urinary creatinine and specific gravity and use the residuals as a non-invasive measure of estimated lean body mass (ELBM). Despite orangutans having a suite of adaptations to buffer them from fruit scarcity and associated caloric deficits, ELBM was lower during low fruit periods in all age-sex classes. As predicted, adult male orangutans had higher ELBM than adult females and immatures. Contrary to expectation, flanged and unflanged males did not differ significantly in ELBM. These findings highlight the precarity of orangutan health in the face of rapid environmental change and add to a growing body of evidence that orangutans are characterized by unique metabolic traits shaped by their unpredictable forest environment.