bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Acute Liver Failure in Children
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder , Malhotra Smita , Kumar Karunesh , Sibal Anupam 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Pediatric Acute Liver Failure (PALF) incidence has been increasing in recent times. It is an emergency and needs appropriate management in a specialized center with availability for liver transplant. Methods: In this article, we shall provide an overview of etiologies and approach to the management of PALF. Conclusions: Various known etiologies for pediatric acute liver failure involve infections, immunologic disorders, and metabolic and drug/toxin-mediated illnesses. However, a known etiology for liver failure may be lacking in approximately 30–50% of cases. In developing countries like India, infections still dominate as the leading cause of pediatric ALF, with the hepatitis A virus (HAV) being the most identified etiology. Metabolic disorders account for approximately 23–30 percent of the PALF in infancy or early childhood (less than 5 years). Around 9–52% of children with PALF have indeterminate etiology. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hepatologists, pediatric intensive care specialists, nephrologists, and a liver transplant surgery team. Cerebral edema is the most frightful complication of acute liver failure, which may progress rapidly, leading to irreversible brain damage, so every possible measure should be taken to identify as well as prevent the progression of cerebral edema and raised intracranial pressure. Elective intubation and mechanical ventilation should be started in patients with significant encephalopathy (Grade II). Identification of the need for liver transplantation and early referral for the same before irreversible brain damage sets in. Extracorporeal liver assist devices have shown promising results in bridging these children to native liver survival or liver transplantation, but continuous careful monitoring should be done to assess for treatment failure and the need for liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is the only definite treatment that improves survival in PALF, and with several advances in surgical techniques and good intensive care, the overall survival after LT for ALF has improved significantly.
Effects of 3 Cycles of Increasing Botulinum Toxin Doses on Functional Parameters of Post-stroke Spastic Gait: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Selves Clara , Dehem Stéphanie , Lejeune Thierry , Deltombe Thierry , Stoquart Gaëtan 
Published: December 2024

Background Single botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) injections reduce spasticity, but the effects of repeated injections on walking activities remain unclear. Objectives To demonstrate cumulative effectiveness of progressively higher doses of BT-A on walking activities (primary outcome) and spasticity reduction. Methods 32 individuals with lower-limb spasticity impairing gait post-stroke were included in this prospective cohort study. Participants received 3 injections of increasing doses of Inco BT-A (400–600–800 U) in both upper and lower limbs and were followed for 7 months. Activity evaluations included the 10 MWT, 6MWT, TUG, and a timed stairs test (TST). Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth (MAS) and Modified Tardieu (MTS) scales. Results Activities remained stable after the 1st injection but improved after the 2nd and 3rd cycles on the 6MWT (+0.07 and +0.12 m/s, respectively, p < 0.05) and TST (−13.7 s and −14.8 s, respectively, p < 0.05). Spasticity significantly reduced after each injection cycle, with greater reductions after the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Conclusions Repeated, progressively higher doses of Inco BT-A in lower-limb spasticity post-stroke improved walking activities and reduced spasticity, more so after successive cycles and higher doses. This could suggest cumulative effects, better effects due to higher doses, or both. This supports the use of progressively higher doses to thoroughly treat spasticity patterns. clinicaltrials.gov : NCT04544280.
Benchmarking the most popular XAI used for explaining clinical predictive models: Untrustworthy but could be useful
Authors: Brankovic Aida , Cook David , Rahman Jessica , Khanna Sankalp , Huang Wenjie 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the practicality and trustworthiness of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods used for explaining clinical predictive models. Methods Two popular XAIs used for explaining clinical predictive models were evaluated based on their ability to generate domain-appropriate representations, impact clinical workflow, and consistency. Explanations were benchmarked against true clinical deterioration triggers recorded in the data system and agreement was quantified. The evaluation was conducted using two Electronic Medical Records datasets from major hospitals in Australia. Results were examined and commented on by a senior clinician. Results Findings demonstrate a violation of consistency criteria and moderate concordance (0.47-0.8) with true triggers, undermining reliability and actionability, criteria for clinicians’ trust in XAI. Conclusion Explanations are not trustworthy to guide clinical interventions, though they may offer useful insights and help model troubleshooting. Clinician-informed XAI development and presentation, clear disclaimers on limitations, and critical clinical judgment can promote informed decisions and prevent over-reliance.
Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery With Combined Arterial and Venous Intrarenal Doppler
Authors: Giles Cameron , Huard Karel , Denault André , Beaubien-Souligny William 
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 50% of cardiac surgical patients and is often hemodynamically mediated. Point-of-care ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that has the potential to characterize intrarenal hemodynamics and predict the risk of AKI. Objectives: We aimed to determine the predictive characteristics of intrarenal arterial and venous Doppler markers for postoperative AKI in cardiac surgical patients. Design: This study is the secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Setting: This study is carried out in a care academic cardiac surgical center in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Patients: Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Measurements: Point-of-care ultrasound assessments were performed preoperatively and at intensive care unit admission. Arterial measurements included the renal resistive index (RRI) and intrarenal artery velocity-time integral normalized to peak systolic velocity (VTI/PSV). Venous measurements included intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) pattern and renal venous stasis index (RVSI). Methods: We used area under the receiving operating characteristic curves (AUCs) with net reclassification index (NRI) and multivariable logistic regression to determine predictive characteristics for postoperative AKI. Furthermore, we used hierarchical clustering to identify potential groups with similar Doppler parameters and performed comparisons of patients’ characteristics and outcomes between groups. Results: We included 136 patients with 47 (34.6%) developing postoperative AKI. At intensive care unit admission, arterial indices showed similar discrimination for the prediction of AKI (RRI: AUC = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.55 to 0.74; and VTI/PSV: AUC = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.77). Venous Doppler indices including IRVF patterns (AUC = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.74) and RVSI (AUC = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.71) also showed similar performance. The combined model of RRI and IRVF pattern (AUC = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.78) improved the prediction of AKI compared to either RRI (NRI = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.84) or IRVF pattern (NRI = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.70) alone. Through hierarchical clustering, we identified 3 groups (1: low RRI, 2: high RRI/low RVSI, and 3: high RRI/high RVSI) with different patient characteristics and outcomes. The patient in group 3 had a higher risk of AKI and worse clinical outcomes compared with other groups. Limitations: Single-center design in cardiac surgical patients limits generalizability. Conclusions: Although more complex indices of intrarenal Doppler indices including the VTI/PSV and RVSI did not improve prediction of postoperative AKI, combining RRI and IRVF pattern improved risk prediction for AKI. Intrarenal arteriovenous Doppler subphenotypes identified patient groups at high risk of postoperative AKI.
Multicultural doula support and obstetric and neonatal outcomes: a multi-centre comparative study in Norway
Authors: Oommen Hanna , Sagedal Linda Reme , Infanti Jennifer J. , Byrskog Ulrika , Severinsen Marit Stene , Lukasse Mirjam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Migrant women face an increased risk of poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Norway implemented a multicultural doula (MCD) program in 2018, which was designed to improve pregnancy care for this group in vulnerable circumstances. This study aimed to assess the impact of MCD support, provided in addition to standard care, on obstetric and neonatal outcomes for selected newly arrived migrants.

Methods
This was a multi-centre case–control study involving all nine hospitals actively running the MCD program, which covers four of Norway’s five regions. Women who received MCD support at the time of childbirth (n = 339), from 2018–2023, were compared to similar newly arrived immigrant women who did not receive MCD support (n = 339) and gave birth within the same timeframe. Hospital records were reviewed, and outcomes were analysed using binary logistic regression. The results are expressed as crude and adjusted associations with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Women receiving MCD support exhibited a 41% lower likelihood of undergoing emergency caesarean sections (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.59, 95% Cl 0.34–0.98) and those giving birth vaginally had a 75% lower risk of estimated blood loss ≥1000 ml (aOR 0.25, 95% Cl 0.12–0.52) compared with women without MCD support. Additionally, MCD support was associated with more use of pain-relief (aOR 2.88, 95% Cl 1.93–4.30) in labour and increased rates of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (aOR 2.26, 95% Cl 1.53–3.36).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that MCD support may contribute to improved outcomes for migrants in vulnerable circumstances, potentially impacting their future reproductive health and children’s well-being.
Correlation of annual prevalence between cephems resistance and blaCMY-2 in Salmonella enterica isolated from retail meat sources in the United States
Authors: Rahman Md. Kaisar , Awosile Babafela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to correlate the annual prevalence of cephems resistance and blaCMY-2 in Salmonella enterica using surveillance data in the United States. Using datasets retrieved from the surveillance programs of the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria from 2002 to 2018, we performed Spearman’s correlation analysis to correlate the annual prevalence data. We observed a near-perfect positive correlation in the annual prevalence between cefoxitin (ρ = 0.97, P < 0.0001), ceftiofur (ρ = 0.96, P < 0.0001), ceftriaxone (ρ = 0.95, P < 0.0001) resistance and blaCMY-2 in S. enterica recovered from chicken retail meat. Similarly, we observed a very high positive correlation in the annual prevalence between cefoxitin (ρ = 0.94, P < 0.0001), ceftiofur (ρ = 0.91, P < 0.0001), ceftriaxone (ρ = 0.82, P < 0.0001) resistance and blaCMY-2 in S. enterica recovered from turkey retail meat. Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling, the forecasted annual prevalence of beta-lactam resistance for the years 2019–2021 was similar to the NARMS-reported data for these periods. Correlation between the annual prevalence of cephems resistance and blaCMY-2 suggests either data can be used as a proxy for decision-making in retail meat surveillance programs.
Strategy-Proofness Made Simpler
Authors: Katuščák Peter , Kittsteiner Thomas 
Published: December 2024

There is evidence that many people do not report their types truthfully in strategy-proof mechanisms. One of the leading explanations is mechanism complexity. We propose a novel way of describing any strategy-proof mechanism with the aim to reduce the ensuing cognitive load on players and, hence, to increase truthful reporting. The description highlights that a player is guaranteed to obtain a most preferred feasible allocation based on her reported type and that feasibility depends only on the other players’ reports. Optimality of truthful reporting should therefore become more “apparent.” We experimentally test this prediction using the top trading cycles mechanism for matching applicants to positions. The proposed description increases truth-telling. This increase positively interacts with subject numeracy. This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kübler, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02531 .
Experimental demonstration of visually locating the terminal for an underwater wireless optical communication system based on the spatial distribution characteristics of guiding lights
Authors: Lou Qitian , Lou Yixuan , Han Biao , Wang Zibo , Li Bili , Zhu Yunzhou , Kang Yiongqiang 
Published: December 2024

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a useful way to transmit a large volume of data in the ocean. In application, because light travels in a straight line, the two devices in the UWOC system should point to each other to establish an optical transmission link first. To make this process easier, it is helpful to carry at least one of these kinds of devices on an underwater robot. Then, such mobile terminal could actively adjust its orientation and position according to the cooperation one it located. Obviously, the locating method is quite crucial, which could be solved with visual navigation, if the communication distance is short and the water is quite clear. In this method, a camera is installed on the mobile terminal, while several light emitting diodes (LEDs) are in the cooperation one as guiding lights. In the image of a camera, by capturing the pattern formed of guiding light spots, the relative position and orientation between terminals could be calculated. However, in a UWOC system, visual navigation is interfered by the UWOC transmitter, because it could form an additional light spot in the camera’s image. In this work, a UWOC-compatible visual locating method is presented, in which the installation positions of guiding lights form a convex polygon and a UWOC transmitter is inside of it. Then, guiding lights and the UWOC transmitter could be distinguished by their spatial distribution characteristics in the images. Based on such principle, the scheme of visual navigation in a UWOC system is shown, whose performance is experimentally demonstrated in a pool. The results show that light spots in the images that are formed by guiding lights could be recognized effectively, when a UWOC transmitter exists. While the distance between terminals is within 370 cm, the estimation error is no more than 1.70 cm. When the yaw angle is within 10°, the estimation error is no more than 1.84°. It is accurate enough for most UWOC applications. The method presented in this paper is simple, pragmatic, and useful, which could be a candidate to establish UWOC links in a short distance.
Preparation and performance study of a Tm3+-doped silica optical fiber by sol-coating and laser drawing technology
Authors: Luo Rui , Xu Jingyu , Yang Chengrui , Zhang Liaolin , Xiao Shen 
Published: December 2024

High-concentration Tm3+-doped silica optical fibers have significant application value in areas such as single-frequency lasers. This paper investigates the sol-coating in the silica capillaries process and CO2 laser drawing technology and successfully fabricates a Tm3+-doped single-mode silica optical fiber. The core composition adopts a Tm-La-Al-Si system; the Tm3+ doping concentration is 0.5 mol%; the core and cladding diameters are 5 and 130 µm, respectively; and the numerical aperture (NA) is 0.28. A laser seed source with a wavelength of 1940 nm is established, and the laser gain characteristics of the optical fiber are tested. The small-signal net gain coefficient at the wavelength of 1940 nm is measured to be 0.15 dB/cm. The sol-coating method employed in this study enhances the doping concentration of Tm ions, while the laser drawing technique mitigates ion diffusion effects. The results indicate that this Tm3+-doped silica fiber preparation method offers a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for manufacturing high-concentration doped silica fibers and holds significant reference value for related research fields.
Short-wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on a tandem acousto-optical tunable filter
Authors: Balandin Ivan A. , Sharikova Milana O. , Batshev Vladislav I. , Varnavskaya Diana V. , Kozlov Aleksey B. 
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on methods for
designing optical schemes for acousto-optical (AO)
hyperspectral devices tailored for applied problems.
Aim of study. The objective is to
develop a hyperspectral device incorporating a tandem AO tunable
filter for the 0.85–1.6 µm spectral range. Method. The optical system of the hyperspectral device was
designed using Zemax, supported by an original software module. The
simulation outcomes were experimentally verified. Main results. A short-wave infrared hyperspectral device was
designed and manufactured. The device employs an InGaAs sensor and
uses tandem AO filtration to enhance both spatial and spectral
resolution. With an afocal optical system at the entrance, the device
offers an angular field of view of 8×12∘. It enables the acquisition of
spectral images from objects located at distances of 1 m or greater,
delivering a spatial resolution of approximately 200×150 resolvable elements within its field
of view. The spectral bandwidth is 12 nm at a wavelength of 1.06 µm.
Practical significance. Although
primarily developed for agricultural applications, the hyperspectral
device is versatile and can be applied in other fields, such as remote
sensing, biomedical diagnostics, and non-destructive testing of
technical objects.
Higher Rates of Delay in Starting Advanced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapies Linked to Insurance Delays, Intravenous Infusions, and Lack of Pharmacy Support
Authors: Gottesman Sara , Xiao Karen , Nguyen Hang P. , Hernandez Elizabeth , Saweris Emily , Jagannathan Priyanka , Jafri Faraz , Davis Jonathan , Tong Kimhouy , Tang Zhouwen , Gaidos Jill K.J. , Feagins Linda A. 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Because biologic and small molecule therapy is expensive, payors have mandated preauthorizations for these medications, often resulting in a lengthy approval process. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of and risk factors for delays in starting advanced therapies assessing insurance, care team, and patient-related factors.

METHODS:
Retrospective, multicenter study of patients with adult inflammatory bowel disease with prescriptions for an advanced therapy in 2 geographically distinct academic gastroenterology practices: one with and the other without a dedicated pharmacist. A priori, we defined a delay in starting therapy as >14 days between prescription and the first dose. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess for risk factors for delay.

RESULTS:
A total of 388 patients were prescribed advanced therapies with 46.6% receiving their first dose within 14 days. Patients who were on time vs delayed were similar in baseline demographics, disease characteristics, and disease activity. After adjusting for confounders, 3 independent risk factors remained significant as predictors for delay: study site (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 2.894, 9.333), intravenous drug delivery as opposed to subcutaneous or oral (OR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.845, 5.099), and insurance denial (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.082, 6.825).

DISCUSSION:
In a multicenter study, we found that a delay between prescription and administration of the first dose of an advanced therapy is common, with > 50% of patients having the first dose delayed by > 2 weeks. Delays in starting therapy were significantly more likely if denied by insurance, given by intravenously induction, or at a study site without a dedicated pharmacist.
ILO-PATRIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENT TO OBSERVE THE WORKING CONDITIONS OF A SMALL FOOD-PRODUCING BUSINESS
Authors: Silalahi Rizky Luthfian Ramadhan , Purwaningsih Isti 
Published: December 2024

The poor and hazardous work conditions of small businesses are prevalent, including the Indonesian small food-producing businesses. Observations have been commonly used to examine and describe the work conditions, although with some limitations. Despite the seemingly useful application, the ILO-PATRIS and its IPR calculation have not been used to observe the work conditions of Indonesian small food-producing businesses. This study aimed to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of ILO-PATRIS, as an instrument to observe the working conditions of Indonesian small food-producing businesses. A small business of tempe chips was purposively selected, with three respondents involved in the scoring of the ILO-PATRIS monitoring items. The results indicated relatively poor working conditions with ILO-PATRIS score of 30 out of 58. The IPR calculations led to the understanding that several aspects could be improved, such as the personal protective equipment and physical environment. This study demonstrated that the ILO-PATRIS and its IPR calculation are useful in observing the working conditions of an Indonesian small food-producing business. However, some recommendations of the use should be considered, which may be investigated in further studies.
DINAMIKA HUKUM DAN KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT DI MEDIA SOSIAL: STUDI KOMPARASI ANTARA INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Sugiarto Ihwan , Badruzaman Dudi 
Published: December 2024

Permasalahan atau gap penelitian ini adalah menyoroti peraturan perundang-undangan kedua negara dan melihat persamaan dan perbedaan dalam kebebasan berpendapat di media sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana perlindungan hukum hak asasi manusia mempengaruhi kemampuan untuk mengekspresikan diri secara bebas di media sosial. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library search). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa aturan yang diatur dalam konstitusi malaysia telah melahirkan undang-undang yang cenderung lebih tegas dan defensif terhadap pihak pemerintah. Sementara itu, di Indonesia, banyak terjadi pembaruan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan setelah peristiwa Reformasi 1998. Namun, persamaan yang ada pada kedua negara ini adalah keduanya memberikan jaminan kepada warganya untuk bebas menyampaikan pendapat, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan.