bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of farmers and organizational networks in climate information communication: the case of Ghana
Authors: Ofoegbu Chidiebere , New Mark 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The nature of the collaborations that exists among the organizations in the climate change and agriculture sectors can influence the tailoring of climate forecasts into information useable for adapting agricultural practices to the risks posed by climate change. Also, the extent to which farmers are integrated into this organizational collaboration network can influence their access to climate information. This paper aims to examine how organizational collaborations in the process of climate information generation and dissemination acts as either barriers or enablers of farmers’ access to and use of climate information in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used key informant interview and questionnaire survey to interview the organizations in the climate change and agriculture sectors. Using network analysis as an analytical framework, the authors estimated the networks’ core-periphery, density, reciprocity and degree centrality.

Findings
The authors observed that communication of climate information to farmers is mostly influenced by the collaborations between governmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations. Nevertheless, information flow and exchange through organizational collaboration network is having limited effect on improving farmers’ knowledge about climate risks, impacts and available risk response options. This is mostly because the feedback flow of information from farmers to national level organizations has not been effective in addressing localized climate/agro challenges.

Originality/value
This paper provides a critical overview of key issues in influencing the relevancy and usefulness of climate information in the Ghanaian agriculture sector. Insights gained and recommendations made are essential for deploying effective climate services in Ghana and can be relevant for many African countries because of similar socioeconomic contexts.
Property of Sn-37Pb solder bumps with different diameter during thermal shock
Authors: Gan Guisheng , Yang Donghua , Wu Yi-ping , Liu Xin , Sun Pengfei , Xia Daquan , Cao Huadong , Jiang Liujie , Tian Mizhe 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe impact strength of solder joint under high strain rate was evaluated by board level test method. However, the impact shear test of single solder bump was more convenient and economical than the board level test method. With the miniaturization of solder joints, solder joints were more prone to failure under thermal shock and more attention has been paid to the impact reliability of solder joint. But Pb-free solder joints may be paid too much attention and Sn-Pb solder joints may be ignored.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, thermal shock test between −55°C and 125°C was conducted on Sn-37Pb solder bumps in the BGA package to investigate microstructural evolution and growth mechanism of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer. The effects of thermal shock and ball diameter on the mechanical property and fracture behavior of Sn-37Pb solder bumps were discussed.FindingsWith the increase of ball size, the same change tendency of shear strength with thermal shock cycles. The shear strength of the solder bumps was the highest after reflow; with the increase of the number of thermal shocks, the shear strength of the solder bumps was decreased. But at the time of 2,000 cycles, the shear strength was increased to the initial strength. Minimum shear strength almost took place at 1,500 cycles in all solder bumps. The differences between maximum shear strength and minimum shear strength were 9.11 MPa and 16.83 MPa, 17.07 MPa and 15.59 MPa in φ0.3 mm and φ0.4 mm, φ0.5 mm and φ0.6 mm, respectively, differences were increased with increasing of ball size. With similar reflow profile, the thickness of IMC decreased as the diameter of the ball increased. The thickness of IMC was 2.42 µm and 2.17 µm, 1.63 µm and 1.77 µm with increasing of the ball size, respectively.Originality/valuePb-free solder was gradually used to replace traditional Sn-Pb solder and has been widely used in industry. Nevertheless, some products inevitably used a mixture of Sn-Pb and Pb-free solder to make the transition from Sn-Pb to Pb-free solder. Therefore, it was very important to understand the reliability of Sn-Pb solder joint and more further research works were also needed.
Using floristic gradient mapping to assess seasonal thaw depth in interior Alaska
Authors: Döpper Veronika , Panda Santosh , Waigl Christine , Braun Matthias , Feilhauer Hannes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuestionsIs it possible to map floristic gradients in heterogeneous boreal vegetation by using remote‐sensing data? Does a continuous vegetation map enable the creation of a spatially continuous map of seasonal permafrost soil thaw depth?LocationBonanza Creek LTER, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.MethodsVegetation records are subjected to an ordination to extract the predominant floristic gradient. The ordination scores are then extrapolated using Sentinel 2 imagery and a digital elevation model (DEM). As the relation between vegetation pattern and seasonal thaw depth was confirmed in this study, the spatial distribution of ordination scores is then used to predict seasonal thaw depth over the same area.ResultsThe first dimension of the ordination space separates species corresponding to moist and cold soil conditions from species associated with well‐drained soils. This floristic gradient was successfully mapped within the sampled plant communities. The extrapolated thaw depths follow the typical distribution along a topographical and geomorphological gradient for this region. Besides vegetation information also DEM derivatives show high contributions to the thaw depth modeling.ConclusionWe demonstrate that floristic gradient mapping in boreal vegetation is possible. The accuracy of the thaw depth prediction model is comparable to that in previous analyses but uses a more parsimonious set of predictors, underlining the efficacy of this approach.
Market competition, relocation and lobbying*
Authors: Mukherjee Vivekananda , Bhattacharyya Amrita Kamalini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper attempts to answer whether market competition makes relocation of a firm to an inefficient location easier through lobbying. It models a case where a larger market is more efficient location choice of the firm. It shows that if the agglomeration effect is not too high, the presence of market competition at its original location makes relocation easier. However, “race to the bottom” competition between the locations fails to take advantage of the market competition; no relocation takes place. The paper shows that instead of lobbying only with the firm, if the legislatures of the smaller market also lobby with legislatures of the larger market, “race to the bottom” is avoided, and the scope for relocation opens. At such an equilibrium, market competition makes relocation to a much smaller market possible.
Detection of cutaneous prion protein deposits could help diagnose GPI‐anchorless prion disease with neuropathy
Authors: Honda Hiroyuki , Matsuzono Kosuke , Satoh Kota , Fujisawa Masayoshi , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Furuyama Chiaki , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki , Fujimoto Shigeru , Abe Koji , Iwaki Toru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeTo investigate prion protein (PrP) deposits in cutaneous tissues of patients of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchorless prion diseases with neuropathy.MethodsCutaneous tissue samples from three patients with GPI‐anchorless prion diseases were obtained, two cutaneous biopsy samples from the lower leg of Case 1 (Y162X) and Case 3 (D178fs25), and a cutaneous sample taken from the abdomen during an autopsy of Case 2 (D178fs25). We performed immunohistochemistry for PrP to look for abnormal PrP deposits.ResultsPrP deposits were observed in the dermal papilla, the sweat glands, the hair follicles, the arrector pili muscles, and peripheral nerves of all examined cases of GPI‐anchorless prion disease with neuropathy. The abnormal PrP accumulation was frequently localized at the basement membrane, and colocalized with laminin.ConclusionImmunohistochemical detection of PrP in cutaneous samples could be used to definitively diagnose GPI‐anchorless PrP disease with neuropathy.
Pain, depression, and quality of life in adults with MOG‐antibody–associated disease
Authors: Asseyer Susanna , Henke Eugenia , Trebst Corinna , Hümmert Martin W. , Wildemann Brigitte , Jarius Sven , Ringelstein Marius , Aktas Orhan , Pawlitzki Marc , Korsen Melanie , Klotz Luisa , Siebert Nadja , Ruprecht Klemens , Bellmann‐Strobl Judith , Wernecke Klaus‐Dieter , Häußler Vivien , Havla Joachim , Gahlen Anna , Gold Ralf , Paul Friedemann , Kleiter Ingo , Ayzenberg Ilya ,   Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the central nervous system. However, data on pain and depression have remained scarce. The aim of this study was to assess features of chronic pain and depression as well as their impact on health‐related quality of life (hr‐QoL) in MOGAD.MethodsPatients with MOGAD were identified in the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group registry. Data were acquired by a questionnaire, including clinical, demographic, pain (PainDetect, Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form, McGill Pain Questionnaire–Short Form), depression (Beck Depression Inventory‐II), and hr‐QoL (Short Form‐36 Health Survey) items.ResultsTwenty‐two of 43 patients suffered from MOGAD‐related pain (11 nociceptive, eight definite neuropathic, three possible neuropathic) and 18 from depression. Patients with neuropathic pain had the highest pain intensity and most profound activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. Fifteen patients reported spasticity‐associated pain, including four with short‐lasting painful tonic spasms. Later disease onset, profound physical impairment, and depression were associated with chronic pain. Physical QoL was more affected in pain sufferers (p < 0.001) than in pain‐free patients, being most severely reduced by neuropathic pain (p = 0.016). Pain severity, visual impairment, and gait impairment independently predicted lower physical QoL. Depression was the only factor reducing mental QoL. Twelve patients still suffering from moderate pain (pain severity 4.6 ± 2.3) received pain medication. Only four out of 10 patients with moderate to severe depression took antidepressants.ConclusionsBeing highly prevalent, pain and depression strongly affect QoL and ADL in MOGAD. Both conditions remain insufficiently controlled in real‐life clinical practice.
Novel seM‐types of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi identified in isolates circulating in Argentina
Authors: Bustos Carla P. , Muñoz Alejandra J. , Guida Nora , Waller Andrew , Mesplet María 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundStrangles is a worldwide infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi that affects the upper respiratory tract of horses. Streptococcus equi subsp. equi characterisation by seM‐typing is internationally used for epidemiological studies and comparison of isolates.ObjectivesTo identify and to compare the seM‐types of Argentinian isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi.Study designInvestigation of bacterial isolates using molecular and phylogenetic approaches.MethodsA total of 59 Argentinian isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi obtained between 2007 and 2019 were studied by seM‐typing. The sequence similarity of Argentinian seM‐types and the other alleles available on the seM database was determined using BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Neighbour‐Joining algorithm. The amino acid sequences were predicted and compared with the predicted amino acid sequence of the reference strain 4047 using the MEGA 7 software and PROVEAN tool.ResultsEight seM‐types were found among the isolates. Only one of them (seM‐61) has been previously reported and the other seven alleles (seM‐129, seM‐130, seM‐131, seM‐132, seM‐133, seM‐134 and seM‐135) were novel seM sequences. High genetic similarity was observed among the Argentinian seM‐types, with the exception of seM‐130. No functional effects of amino acid differences were predicted.Main limitationsThe number of related and unrelated isolates per year.ConclusionsSeven novel seM‐types and seM‐61 that were previously reported in Brazil were circulating in Argentina which were identified as circulating in Argentinian horses between 2007 and 2019. The high genetic similarity among the Argentinian and Brazilian seM‐types suggests that there is a geographical distribution of strain types. The geographical restriction of strains is likely to reflect the movement of horses between different equine disciplines and neighbouring countries.
Distinctive characteristics of collagen and gelatin extracted from Dosidicus gigas skin
Authors: Sun Bolun , Li Chao , Mao Yuhong , Qiao Zhaohui , Jia Ru , Huang Tao , Xu Dalun , Yang Wenge 
Published: January 2021

SummarySquid skin, often discarded as processing by‐product, is a good resource of collagen/gelatin. In this study, acid soluble collagen (ASC), pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) and water soluble gelatin (WSG) were extracted from squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemically examined. The lowest yield of 33.5% was obtained for ASC extracted at 4 °C, and the addition of pepsin increased the collagen yield by around 35.0% (PSC). The highest yield of 81.9% (WSG) was achieved by thermal extraction at 60 °C. A low temperature can largely retain the native helix structures of ASC and PSC, contrariwise, thermal treatment converted collagen into gelatin with unordered and renatured structures. The proline and hydroxyproline contents of ASC, PSC and WSG were 183/1000 residues, 194/1000 residues and 175/1000 residues, respectively. In addition, WSG showed a denaturation temperature at 80.7 °C which was much higher than that of ASC (24.2 °C) and PSC (26.2 °C), while a significant lower resistance towards enzymatic digestion.
Effect of grinding on the structure of pea protein isolate and the rheological properties of its acid‐induced gels
Authors: Liu Qiaozhen , Li Zhuowa , Pan Xiaoxue , Dai Yangyong , Hou Hanxue , Wang Wentao , Ding Xiuzhen , Zhang Hui , Li Xiangyang , Dong Haizhou 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to expand the application range of pea protein isolates by improving the rheological properties of their acid‐induced gels. A pea protein isolate was ground for different durations, and changes in the structure and properties of its gels were studied. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of grinding on gelation was revealed. The results showed that grinding slightly changed the secondary structure of the pea protein isolate and had a great impact on its tertiary structure. Compared with the unground pea protein isolate, the solubility of the ground pea protein isolate increased from 45.89% to 69.84%, and the water‐holding capacity of the gels increased from 52.04% to 94.67% at 7.5 min of grinding. After grinding for 15 min, the particle size of the pea protein isolate decreased from 1292.4 to 945.7 nm, and the polydispersity index decreased from 0.387 to 0.321. Rheological measurements showed that the storage modulus (G′), viscosity and recovery of protein gel samples improved after grinding. Thus, grinding enhanced the potential of protein gels for new applications.
Nurses’ barriers to caring for patients with COVID‐19: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Joo Jee Young , Liu Megan F. 
Published: January 2021

AimThe aim of this qualitative systematic review is to identify and synthesize qualitative studies of frontline nurses’ experiences and challenges when caring for patients with COVID‐19 in hospitals.BackgroundThis review is the first qualitative systematic review of nurses’ experiences since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. Understanding nurses’ experiences with COVID‐19 is important because nurses are among the most vital of healthcare workers.MethodsThis study used a qualitative systematic review methodology with thematic synthesis to analyse the included studies. Five databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched from January to mid‐August 2020, and 25 abstracts were screened. Based on inclusion criteria, this qualitative systematic review included nine studies.ResultsFive themes were identified as barriers to COVID‐19 care by 133 hospital‐based nurses: limited information about COVID‐19, unpredictable tasks and challenging practices, insufficient support, concerns about family, and emotional and psychological stress.ConclusionsThe five barriers identified in this review should be overcome to improve nurses’ experiences and, in turn, the quality of care patients with COVID‐19 receive.Implications for nursing and health policyThe findings from this review can be used to reform current healthcare and hospital‐support systems for populations with COVID‐19. They can also be used to point towards areas of research interested in improving frontline nursing. Finally, nursing leaders, healthcare policymakers and governments should use these findings to better support the nursing workforce in the current or a future pandemic.
Office blood pressure measurement: A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddique Saulat , Hameed Khan Aamir , Shahab Hunaina , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Chin Tay Jam , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Turana Yuda , Verma Narsingh , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Van Minh Huynh , Chia Yook‐Chin , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe conventional auscultatory methods for measuring blood pressure have been used to screen, diagnose, and manage hypertension since long. However, these have been found to be prone to errors especially the white coat phenomena which cause falsely high blood pressure readings. The Mercury sphygmomanometer and the Aneroid variety are no longer recommended by WHO for varying reasons. The Oscillometric devices are now recommended with preference for the Automated Office Blood Pressure measurement device which was found to have readings nearest to the Awake Ambulatory Blood Pressure readings. The downside for this device is the cost barrier. The alternative is to use the simple oscillometric device, which is much cheaper, with the rest and isolation criteria of the SPRINT study. This too may be difficult due to space constraints and the post‐clinic blood measurement is a new concept worth further exploration.
Spatial and temporal shifts in photoperiod with climate change
Authors: Ettinger A. K. , Buonaiuto D. M. , Chamberlain C. J. , Morales‐Castilla I. , Wolkovich E. M. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryClimate change causes both temporal (e.g. advancing spring phenology) and geographic (e.g. range expansion poleward) species shifts, which affect the photoperiod experienced at critical developmental stages (‘experienced photoperiod’). As photoperiod is a common trigger of seasonal biological responses – affecting woody plant spring phenology in 87% of reviewed studies that manipulated photoperiod – shifts in experienced photoperiod may have important implications for future plant distributions and fitness. However, photoperiod has not been a focus of climate change forecasting to date, especially for early‐season (‘spring’) events, often assumed to be driven by temperature. Synthesizing published studies, we find that impacts on experienced photoperiod from temporal shifts could be orders of magnitude larger than from spatial shifts (1.6 h of change for expected temporal vs 1 min for latitudinal shifts). Incorporating these effects into forecasts is possible by leveraging existing experimental data; we show that results from growth chamber experiments on woody plants often have data relevant for climate change impacts, and suggest that shifts in experienced photoperiod may increasingly constrain responses to additional warming. Further, combining modeling approaches and empirical work on when, where and how much photoperiod affects phenology could rapidly advance our understanding and predictions of future spatio‐temporal shifts from climate change.
Your EHD Rig May Not Be As Elastohydrodynamic As You Think
Authors: Bair Scott , Habchi Wassim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The concentrated contact formed between a steel ball and a glass disc—the optical elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHD) rig—has been the primary instrument for experimental investigations of elastohydrodynamic film thickness. It has been a source for values of pressure-viscosity coefficient, a difficult-to-define property of liquids. However, comparisons with the pressure dependence of the viscosity obtained in viscometers show little agreement. There are multiple reasons for this failure including shear-thinning and compressibility of the oil. Another reason for the poor agreement is the subject of this short note. The optical EHD rig using glass as one surface will only be in the piezoviscous-elastic (EHD) regime when the pressure-viscosity coefficient is large. For low values, it would be operating in the isoviscous-elastic regime (soft EHD).
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Reynolds Number and Reduced Frequency Effects on Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoils
Authors: Bolinches-Gisbert M. , Robles David Cadrecha , Corral Roque , Gisbert Fernando 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article compares experimental and numerical data for a low-speed high-lift low pressure turbine (LPT) cascade under unsteady flow conditions. Three Reynolds numbers representative of LPTs have been tested, namely, 5 × 104, 105, and 2 × 105; at two reduced frequencies, fr = 0.5 and 1, also representative of LPTs. The experimental data were obtained at the low-speed linear cascade wind tunnel at the Polytechnic University of Madrid using hot wire, Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), and pressure tappings. The numerical solver employs a sixth-order compact scheme based on the flux reconstruction method for spatial discretization and a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to march in time. The longest case ran 550 h on 40 GPUs to reach a statistically periodic state. Pressure coefficients around the profile, boundary layer profiles and exit cross section distributions of velocity, pressure loss defect, shear Reynolds stress, and angle are compared against high-quality experimental data. Cascade loss and exit angle have also been compared against the experimental data. Very good agreement between experimental and numerical data is seen. The results demonstrate the suitability of the present methodology to predict the aerodynamic properties of unsteady flows around LPT linear cascades accurately.