bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway
Corynebacterium
interfere with
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Staphylococcus aureus
infection and express secreted factors selectively targeting each pathogen
Authors: Tamkin Emily , Lorenz Brian P. , McCarty Arianna , Fulte Sam , Eisenmesser Elan , Horswill Alexander R. , Clark Sarah E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The composition of the respiratory tract microbiome is a notable predictor of infection-related morbidities and mortalities among both adults and children. Species of
Corynebacterium,
which are largely present as commensals in the upper airway and other body sites, are associated with lower colonization rates of opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. In this study,
Corynebacterium
-mediated protective effects against
S. pneumoniae
and
S. aureus
were directly compared using
in vivo
and
in vitro
models. Pre-exposure to
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum
reduced the ability of
S. aureus
and
S. pneumoniae
to infect the lungs of mice, indicating a broadly protective effect. Adherence of both pathogens to human respiratory tract epithelial cells was significantly impaired following pre-exposure to C.
pseudodiphtheriticum
or
Corynebacterium accolens
, and this effect was dependent on live
Corynebacterium
colonizing the epithelial cells. However,
Corynebacterium
-secreted factors had distinct effects on each pathogen.
Corynebacterium
lipase activity was bactericidal against
S. pneumoniae
, but not
S. aureus
. Instead, the hemolytic activity of pore-forming toxins produced by
S. aureus
was directly blocked by a novel
Corynebacterium
-secreted factor with protease activity. Taken together, these results suggest diverse mechanisms by which
Corynebacterium
contribute to the protective effect of the airway microbiome against opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
Comparative performances of the Qvella FAST system and conventional methods for rapid identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing on monomicrobial positive blood cultures
Authors: Penven Malo , Louazon Manon , Freret Charlotte , Sauron Alexandra , Pilard Meghane , Creignou Elisa , Gardan Ophélie , Haumont Maryne , Zouari Asma , Lorre Stéphane , Cattoir Vincent 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is of paramount importance to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. The Qvella FAST System is a new instrument that concentrates and purifies bacteria from positive-flagged blood culture bottles (PFBCBs) to produce a “liquid” colony comparable to a subcultured colony in less than 40 min for rapid ID and calibrated antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). In this study, we evaluated performances of the FAST System workflow and our rapid routine manual workflow (bacterial pellet obtained after lysis, cleaning, washing, and centrifugation for ID; AST by disc diffusion by direct inoculation after dilution) by comparison to the reference method based on 24-h bacterial subcultures. Two panels of PFBCBs were studied: panel A (including 107 prospective BCs from septic patients, October–November 2022) and panel B (including 102 BCs spiked with difficult-to-identify bacteria [mostly streptococci] and multidrug-resistant isolates), resulting in a total of 209 evaluable samples. The FAST System provided a correct ID to the species level in 178/209 (85.2%) of cases. For AST, the categorical agreement (CA) of the FAST System was 99.4%, with rates of very major (VME), major (ME), and minor (mE) errors of 0.59%, 0.20%, and 0.26%, respectively. Our rapid routine workflow based on manual methods show similar results for ID (86.2%) and AST (CA, 99.6%; VME, 0.50%; ME, 0.16%; mE, 0.13%). In conclusion, the Qvella FAST system, a promising tool that can reduce diagnostic time by approximately 1 day, shows excellent performances for rapid ID and AST.
Age against the machine—susceptibility of large language models to cognitive impairment: cross sectional analysis
Authors: Dayan Roy , Uliel Benjamin , Koplewitz Gal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the cognitive abilities of the leading large language models and identify their susceptibility to cognitive impairment, using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and additional tests.

Design
Cross sectional analysis.

Setting
Online interaction with large language models via text based prompts.

Participants
Publicly available large language models, or “chatbots”: ChatGPT versions 4 and 4o (developed by OpenAI), Claude 3.5 “Sonnet” (developed by Anthropic), and Gemini versions 1 and 1.5 (developed by Alphabet).

Assessments
The MoCA test (version 8.1) was administered to the leading large language models with instructions identical to those given to human patients. Scoring followed official guidelines and was evaluated by a practising neurologist. Additional assessments included the Navon figure, cookie theft picture, Poppelreuter figure, and Stroop test.

Main outcome measures
MoCA scores, performance in visuospatial/executive tasks, and Stroop test results.

Results
ChatGPT 4o achieved the highest score on the MoCA test (26/30), followed by ChatGPT 4 and Claude (25/30), with Gemini 1.0 scoring lowest (16/30). All large language models showed poor performance in visuospatial/executive tasks. Gemini models failed at the delayed recall task. Only ChatGPT 4o succeeded in the incongruent stage of the Stroop test.

Conclusions
With the exception of ChatGPT 4o, almost all large language models subjected to the MoCA test showed signs of mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, as in humans, age is a key determinant of cognitive decline: “older” chatbots, like older patients, tend to perform worse on the MoCA test. These findings challenge the assumption that artificial intelligence will soon replace human doctors, as the cognitive impairment evident in leading chatbots may affect their reliability in medical diagnostics and undermine patients’ confidence.
On the role of soft and non-perturbative gluons in collinear parton densities and parton shower event generators
Authors: Mendizabal M. , Guzman F. , Jung H. , Taheri Monfared S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Parton Branching method offers a Monte Carlo solution to the DGLAP evolution equations by incorporating Sudakov form factors. In this approach, the Sudakov form factor can be divided into perturbative and non-perturbative components, with the non-perturbative part being analytically calculable under specific conditions. We first examine forward evolution and demonstrate that including soft and non-perturbative gluons (through the non-perturbative Sudakov form factor) is essential for the proper cancellation of divergent terms in parton density evolution. This non-perturbative component is also important for Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distributions, and within the Parton Branching framework, it is constrained by fits to inclusive collinear parton densities. Additionally, we explore the impact of this non-perturbative Sudakov form factor on backward parton evolution and its effects on parton and hadron spectra originating from initial state showers. Our results show that soft and non-perturbative gluons significantly influence inclusive distributions, such as Drell–Yan transverse momentum spectra. However, we found that soft and non-perturbative gluons have a minimal impact on final state hadron spectra and jets.
Identifying Promising Immunomodulators for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Islet Transplantation
Authors: Ajmal Nida , Bogart Maislin C. , Khan Palwasha , Max-Harry Ibiagbani M. , Healy Amber M. , Nunemaker Craig S. 
Published: December 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune chronic disorder that damages beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and results in hyperglycemia due to the loss of insulin. Exogenous insulin therapy can save lives but does not stop disease progression. Thus, an effective therapy may require beta cell restoration and suppression of the autoimmune response. However, currently, there are no treatment options available that can reverse T1D. Within the National Clinical Trial (NCT) database, a majority of over 3000 trials to treat T1D are devoted to insulin therapy. This review focuses on noninsulin pharmacological therapies, specifically immunomodulators. Many investigational new drugs fall under this category, such as the recently FDA‐approved CD3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab to delay the onset of T1D. In total, we identified 39 different immunomodulatory investigational drugs. FDA‐approved teplizumab for Stage 2 T1D is discussed along with other immunomodulators that have been tested in Phase 3 clinical trials or higher, including otelixizumab (another anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody), daclizumab (an anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody), ladarixin (CXCR1/2 inhibitor), and antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Immunomodulators also play roles in islet transplantation and cellular therapies like FDA‐approved Lantidra. Several immunomodulators involved in Phase 3 clinical studies of islet transplantation are also discussed, including alemtuzumab, basiliximab, etanercept, and reparixin, some already FDA‐approved for other uses. These include alemtuzumab, basiliximab, etanercept, and reparixin, some of which have been FDA‐approved for other uses. This review provides background, mechanism of action, results of completed trials, and adverse effects as well as details regarding ongoing clinical trials for each of these immunomodulators.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03875729, NCT01030861, NCT00129259, NCT00385697, NCT01280682; NCT03929601, NCT04598893, NCT05757713, NCT00678886, NCT01123083, NCT00064714, NCT00468117, NCT04628481, NCT01106157, NCT02215200, NCT00331162, NCT00679042, NCT01220856, NCT01817959
Multimodal Spatial Profiling Reveals Immune Suppression and Microenvironment Remodeling in Fallopian Tube Precursors to High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Kader Tanjina , Lin Jia-Ren , Hug Clemens B. , Coy Shannon , Chen Yu-An , de Bruijn Ino , Shih Natalie , Jung Euihye , Pelletier Roxanne J. , Lopez Leon Mariana , Mingo Gabriel , Omran Dalia K. , Lee Jong Suk , Yapp Clarence , Satravada Baby A. , Kundra Ritika , Xu Yilin , Chan Sabrina , Tefft Juliann B. , Muhlich Jeremy L. , Kim Sarah H. , Gysler Stefan M. , Agudo Judith , Heath James R. , Schultz Nikolaus , Drescher Charles W. , Sorger Peter K. , Drapkin Ronny , Santagata Sandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) originates from fallopian tube (FT) precursors. However, the molecular changes that occur as precancerous lesions progress to HGSOC are not well understood. To address this, we integrated high-plex imaging and spatial transcriptomics to analyze human tissue samples at different stages of HGSOC development, including p53 signatures, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC), and invasive HGSOC. Our findings reveal immune modulating mechanisms within precursor epithelium, characterized by chromosomal instability, persistent interferon (IFN) signaling, and dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity. FT precursors display elevated expression of MHC-class I, including HLA-E, and IFN-stimulated genes, typically linked to later-stage tumorigenesis. These molecular alterations coincide with progressive shifts in the tumor microenvironment, transitioning from immune surveillance in early STICs to immune suppression in advanced STICs and cancer. These insights identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HGSOC interception and clarify the molecular transitions from precancer to cancer.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР, ЯКІ ПРАЦЮЮТЬ У ВІДДІЛЕННЯХ СТАЦІОНАРІВ З ВІЙСЬКОВИМИ
Authors: Смолюк Н. І. 
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Розглядаючи якість життя медичних сестер стаціонарів, необхідно наголосити на специфічних особливостях, які пов’язані з виконанням ними функціональних обов’язків при наданні медичної допомоги військовим. Зокрема, робота з пораненими військовослужбовцями, які часто мають тяжкі травми, потребує високої концентрації та емоційної стійкості. Медичний персонал, який працює з військовими, схильний до розвитку посттравматичного стресового розладу через постійний контакт із пацієнтами, які пережили бойові травми і стресові ситуації. Крім того, військові можуть мати не лише фізичні травми, але й психологічні розлади, що ускладнює догляд за ними та вимагає від медичних сестер додаткових зусиль.
Мета роботи – встановити показники якості життя медичних сестер терапевтичних і хірургічних відділень стаціонарів, які надають медичну допомогу військовим, та їх взаємозв’язки із соціально-демографічними чинниками.
Основна частина. Проведено анкетування 117 медичних сестер, які працюють у відділеннях стаціо­нарів терапевтичного і хірургічного профілів з військовими, та 65 медичних сестер, які працюють у таких відділеннях із цивільним населенням. Анкета включала запитання щодо даних соціально-демографічного характеру, а також запитання опитувальника SF-36, який широко використовують для оцінки якості життя в популяційних та спеціальних дослідженнях. Встановлено достовірне переважання інтегрального показника фізичного компонента здоров’я (на 16,6 %) та інтегрального показника психологічного компонента здоров’я (на 24,1 %) в медичних сестер, які працюють лише із цивільним населенням, над таким у медичних сестер, які працюють з військовими. Інтегральний показник фізичного компонента здоров’я в медичних сестер терапевтичних відділень, які працюють з військовими, на 14,1 % перевищував такий же показник у медичних сестер хірургічних відділень, а інтегральний показник психологічного компонента здоров’я в медичних сестер терапевтичних відділень був більшим на 19,7 %. Показники якості життя медичних сестер, які працюють з військовими, характеризуються достовірним кореляційним зв’язком з віком, дотриманням режиму харчування, кількістю нічних змін протягом місяця, наявністю в них хронічних захворювань.
Висновки. Серед медичних сестер, які працюють у відділеннях стаціонарів з військовими, визначаються нижчі показники якості життя порівняно з медичними сестрами, які працюють із цивільним населенням. У медичних сестер терапевтичних відділень стаціонарів параметри як фізичного, так і психологічного компонентів здоров’я переважають такі в медичних сестер хірургічних відділень. На показники якості життя медичних сестер безпосередньо впливають соціально-демографічні, організаційні та професійні чинники.
SCL: Selective Contrastive Learning for Data-driven Zero-shot Relation Extraction
Authors: Pang Ning , Zhao Xiang , Zeng Weixin , Tan Zhen , Xiao Weidong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Relation extraction has evolved from supervised relation extraction to zero-shot setting due to the continuous emergence of newly generated relations. Some pioneering works handle zero-shot relation extraction by reformulating it into proxy tasks, such as reading comprehension and textual entailment. Nonetheless, the divergence in proxy task formulations from relation extraction hinders the acquisition of informative semantic representations, leading to subpar performance. Therefore, in this paper, we take a data-driven view to handle zero-shot relation extraction under a three-step paradigm, including encoder training, relation clustering, and summarization. Specifically, to train a discriminative relational encoder, we propose a novel selective contrastive learning framework, namely, SCL, where selective importance scores are assigned to distinguish the importance of different negative contrastive instances. During testing, the prompt-based encoder is employed to map test samples into representation vectors, which are then clustered into several groups. Typical samples closest to the cluster centroid are selected for summarization to generate the predicted relation for all samples in the cluster. Moreover, we design a simple non-parametric threshold plugin to reduce false-positive errors in inference on unseen relation representations. Our experiments demonstrate that SCL outperforms the current state-of-the-art method by over 3% across all metrics.
Albert the Great on Climatic Determinism
Authors: Ile Vlad-Lucian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The concept of ‘climate’ has evolved from its original meaning as an astronomical and geographical reality to a contemporary vision in which it appears as an entity that can be changed and affected by human beings. Long before arriving at the current state of affairs, the thirteenth-century notion of clima was closely related to the influence exerted by the heavens and the supra-terrestrial realm on terrestrial bodies that underwent generation and corruption. It is in this particular sense that we may speak of climate determinism: involving the formative and non-accidental action upon natural beings by climatic or regional conditions that were determined from above. This paper explores Albert the Great’s account of climatic determinism by relating the astronomical notion of clima with a pair of notions belonging to natural philosophy: locus and locatum. For this purpose, it will rely on the theory of natural places that Albert developed in De natura loci and in his other works of natural philosophy.
Climate after the Middle Ages: a Look at Later Developments
Authors: Miglietti Sara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I explore the influence of medieval “climate theories” upon later thinkers, highlighting three thematic areas where this continuity was particularly strong: the problem of method; the management of disagreement; and the question of freedom. In each of these areas, Renaissance theorists built upon the work of their Scholastic predecessors (primarily Albert the Great and Roger Bacon) to discuss how human beings owed their character and physique to the specific “powers” (virtutes) of the places in which they lived. Yet Renaissance thinkers also introduced innovations that reflected the new discursive and material contexts in which they operated.
Whispers from the Sources
Authors: Stadel Seth M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the sixth- and seventh-century East Syriac exegetical works that are mentioned in ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha’s (d. 1318) Catalogue of Books. After listing the writers of these works in the order of their presentation in the Catalogue, these works are collected and discussed. The concluding section of this article contains a chronological presentation of the Catalogue entries listing these East Syriac writers and works, with a relevant bibliography for each extant exegetical work presented.
Temporal Adverbials in Aramaic
Authors: Carver Daniel E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study describes and compares two temporal adverbial constructions—(1) temporal subordinate clauses marked by *kaḏî and (2) the temporal, adverbial use of the infinitive in the construction preposition + infinitive—based on their usage in Old, Imperial, Biblical, Qumran Aramaic, and the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan to Kings. The latter is not common outside the Targumim, but it occurs in a few texts (mostly translations) from the first millennium BCE. There are also two occurrences in original compositions (Daniel and 4Q542). After describing these constructions in Old through Middle Aramaic, the relevant constructions in Targum Jonathan to Kings are examined to see what light might be shed on the Targum’s alternating translations of the Hebrew construction preposition + infinitive. It is concluded that these constructions differ syntactically, and a method for discerning the temporal relationship that these adverbials have to their respective main clauses is proposed.
Gender and the Mesopotamian Incantation Bowls
Authors: Saar Ortal-Paz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article discusses three gender-related aspects found in the Mesopotamian incantation bowls (a field where the topic of gender has only been addressed in a limited fashion): the scholarly terminology, the bowls’ beneficiaries, and their creators. It begins by clarifying the terminology, a task that is essential for a better understanding of the gendered aspects of the incantation bowls. Second, the article considers the bowls’ beneficiaries. While many of these objects were meant to benefit entire households, or at least couples, quite a few of them only display a female name or a male name. Can anything be concluded about the beneficiaries of these bowls based on the names they contained? The third part of the article addresses the creators of the incantation bowls. Can women be identified amongst the authors or producers of these texts, and if so, how?
Dreams, Memory, and Bureaucracy
Authors: Carducci Federico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the case study of a prophetic-charismatic Church in Angola (Tokoist Church), this article analyzes the emergence of conversion narratives, collected through interviews and ethnography, through a historically constructed paradigm, where spiritual encounters are combined with an institutional and sociopolitical dimension. This paradigm acts as a catalyst for a biographic illusion, whereby contact with the Spirit is considered as the main factor for one’s transformation, yet it is anchored to one’s social capital.
It also shows how these conversion narratives reproduce three distinct temporalities, which reflect the temporalities implicitly embodied by the figure of the prophet: the event, associated with a spiritual dimension, i.e. the descent of the Holy Spirit, and the bureaucratic act of conversion; the process, which involves access to institutional positions and daily charisma, depending on one’s social capital; and performativity, which is visible in the ethnographic interaction between the researcher and the converts.
American Computer Scientists in China in 1972: The Complexity of Sino-American Scientific Exchange in the Cold War
Authors: Ye John Hanzhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Historians long have overlooked the role of American scientists in the production of knowledge about Chinese society during the Cold War that they made available to other scientists and interested members of the general public in the 1970s. This article draws on the record of a delegation of prominent American computer scientists who visited the People’s Republic of China (prc) in 1972 and explores how they not only conveyed scientific knowledge, but also acted as observers of Chinese society and political environment and transmitted this knowledge to the American audience. The article thus highlights the role of scientists as agents of social knowledge production. While American social scientists were important agents of knowledge circulation, scientists also played the role of facilitating the growth of information about China’s society and its political situation through their first-hand observations. The reaction of American computer scientists to the arranged tour also reveals the limited effectiveness of Chinese leadership to use scientific visits as a means to showcase the successes of socialism in the prc.