bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Raza’i Tengku Said , Thamrin . , Nofrizal . , Amrifo Viktor , Pardi Hilfi , Pangestiansyah Putra Imam , Febrianto Try , Fadhli Ilhamdy Aidil 
Published: July 2021

Background: Heavy metals are materials naturally occurring in nature and increase with a rise in human activity. Ex-mining areas and domestic waste from human settlements are sources of heavy metal contamination that enter and pollute water, which then accumulates in various organisms including the Caulerpa racemosa community. The accumulation of heavy metals in C. racemosa has a wide impact on the food chain in aquatic ecosystems and humans because this alga is a consumptive commodity. Methods: Sampling of C. racemosa was carried out at seven sites on Bintan Island, Indonesia covering the eastern (Teluk Bakau, Beralas Pasir, Malang Rapat), northern (Berakit and Pengudang), western (Sakera), and southern parts (Tg. Siambang). Sampling was carried out during different monsoons, and heavy metals in water and sediment samples were measured to determine the heavy metal concentration. Heavy metals were analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results: The results showed that heavy metal concentrations fluctuate according to changes in the wind season, which carry currents and spread pollutants into the water. The concentration of metal in the water is also from anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in C. racemosa is high in locations close to settlements. Meanwhile, in seawater samples, Fe and Zn metals have the highest concentrations compared to others. Conclusions: Ex-bauxite mines are a source of Fe and Zn metal contamination in the environment, especially at Tg. Siambang. The levels of these heavy metals in the sediment are also high, as surface particle deposits accumulate at the bottom of the sediment. In general, the levels of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Zn increase in the northern monsoon because the dynamics of the water transport greater heavy metal pollution.
Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sany Shabbir Ahmed , Tanjim Taukir , Hossain Md Ikbal 
Published: July 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.36 ± 1.915 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), undiagnosed (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.
Looking in the medicine cabinet: methods for using real-world data to assess the impact of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and recombinant adjuvanted varicella-zoster vaccines on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and case fatality
Authors: McNair Douglas , Hu Hao , Selwyn Casey 
Published: July 2021

Background: Analysis of real-world data can be used to identify promising leads and dead ends among products being repurposed for clinical practice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper uses real-world data from Cerner Labs collected from 90 source institutions in the United States to assess the potential impact of two viral vaccines on COVID-19 case fatality rates. Methods: We identified 373,032 polymerase chase reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 cases in the Cerner Labs database between 01-MAR-2020 and 31-DEC-2020 and identified patients that had received measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) or a recombinant adjuvanted varicella-zoster vaccine within the previous 5 years. We calculated heterogeneity scores to support interpretation of results across institutions, and used stepwise forward variable selection to construct covariable-based propensity scores. These scores were used to match cases and control for biasing and confounding issues inherent in observational data. Results: Neither the recombinant adjuvanted varicella-zoster vaccine nor MMR showed significant efficacy in prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We could not derive clinically significant results on the impact of MMR for case fatality rates due to persistently high rates of heterogeneity between institutions. However, we were able to achieve acceptable levels of heterogeneity for the analysis of the recombinant adjuvanted varicella-zoster vaccine, and found a clinically meaningful benefit of reduced case fatality rate, with an odds ratio of 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38 – 0.48). Conclusions: Using propensity score matching and heterogeneity statistics can help guide our interpretation of real-world data, and rigorous statistical methods are needed to reduce bias or disparities in data interpretation. Applying these methods to the impact of viral vaccines on COVID-19 case fatalities yields actionable findings for further analysis.
Enhanced healthcare in care homes for people with dementia: the Admiral nursing offer
Authors: Dening Karen Harrison , Aldridge Zena 
Published: July 2021

Background The UK older population is higher than the global average. Over the next 20 years, England will see an increase in the number of older people who have higher levels of dependency, dementia and comorbidity, many of whom will require 24-hour residential care. It is estimated that 70% of residents in nursing and residential care homes either have dementia on admission or develop it while residing in the care home, many of who will have complex needs with high levels of multimorbidity. However, there is a lack of consistency in the provision of primary care and specialist services to this population and a known gap in knowledge and skills of dementia care in care home staff and primary care teams. Methods This article considers the current health policy drivers to enhance integrated health and social care provision to care homes and proposes a model of care that would support the aims of the NHS Long Term Plan for care to be delivered closer to home and improve out of hospital care which includes people who live in care homes by introducing Enhanced Health in Care Homes. It is crucial that such a model includes the correct skill mix to meet the needs of the care home population. Conclusions There are currently gaps in service provision to many care homes. Admiral nurse case managers and specialists in dementia care, are well placed to support the delivery of Enhanced Health in Care Homes and improve access to specialist support to care home residents, their families, care home staff and the wider health and social care system.
Urban-rural disparities in institutional delivery among women in East Africa: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Dewau Reta , Angaw Dessie Abebaw , Kassa Getahun Molla , Dagnew Baye , Yeshaw Yigizie , Muche Amare , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Molla Eshetie , Yehuala Enyew Dagnew , Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Yalew Melaku , Fentaw Zinabu , Asfaw Ahmed Hussien , Andargie Assefa , Chanie Muluken Genetu , Ayele Wolde Melese , Hassen Anissa Mohammed , Damtie Yitayish , Hussein Foziya Mohammed , Asfaw Zinet Abegaz , Addisu Elsabeth , Adane Bezawit , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Kefale Bereket , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Necho Mogesie , Ebrahim Oumer Abdulkadir , Adane Metadel , Ayele Tadesse Awoke 
Published: July 2021

Background
Though institutional delivery plays a significant role in maternal and child health, there is substantial evidence that the majority of rural women have lower health facility delivery than urban women. So, identifying the drivers of these disparities will help policy-makers and programmers with the reduction of maternal and child death.

Methods
The study used the data on a nationwide representative sample from the most recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of four East African countries. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis and its extensions was conducted to see the urban-rural differences in institutional delivery into two components: one that is explained by residence difference in the level of the determinants (covariate effects), and the other components was explained by differences in the effect of the covariates on the outcome (coefficient effects).

Results
The findings showed that institutional delivery rates were 21.00% in Ethiopia, 62.61% in Kenya, 65.29% in Tanzania and 74.64% in Uganda. The urban-rural difference in institutional delivery was higher in the case of Ethiopia (61%), Kenya (32%) and Tanzania (30.3%), while the gap was relatively lower in the case of Uganda (19.2%). Findings of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and its extension showed that the covariate effect was dominant in all study countries. The results were robust to the different decomposition weighting schemes. The frequency of antenatal care, wealth and parity inequality between urban and rural households explains most of the institutional delivery gap.

Conclusions
The urban-rural institutional delivery disparities were high in study countries. By identifying the underlying factors behind the urban-rural institutional birth disparities, the findings of this study help in designing effective intervention measures targeted at reducing residential inequalities and improving population health outcomes. Future interventions to encourage institutional deliveries to rural women of these countries should therefore emphasize increasing rural women’s income, access to health care facilities to increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on first aid management of choking and associated factors among kindergarten teachers in Addis Ababa governmental schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institution-based study
Authors: Maalim Issack Ali , Jiru Tilahun , Wubetie Aniley Andualem 
Published: July 2021

Background
Choking refers to a blockage of upper airways by food or other objects resulting in interruption of breathing. It is a medical emergency that needs immediate action by anyone near by the victim to save life. Chocking is a major cause of illness and death in the pediatric population under the age of 5 years. Children at this age spent more time in their school and are at high risk during their feeding and playing. Immediate provision of first aid in response to choking by a preschool teacher will help to decrease the risk of developing life-threatening complications, length of hospital stays, the cost of treatment, and death.

Methods
Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was applied to the study area using pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with Knowledge, attitude, and practice of kindergarten teachers towards first aid management of choking.

Results
A total of 224 Kindergarten teachers were involved in the study with a response rate of 95%. Only eighty-three (37%) of them were knowledgeable and 97 (43.3%) have faced a choked child in the school compound. Of these, only 42 (43.2%) had provided first aid to the victim. Most of the respondents 95.1% had a positive attitude towards choking first aid and 57.1% of them agreed that choking needs immediate management. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Kindergarten teachers with the previous first aid training were 2.9 times more knowledgeable than those kindergarten teachers without previous first aid training (AOR: 2.902, 95% CI: 1.612, 5.227)

Conclusions
The level of knowledge and skills for providing first aid for choking children among kindergarten teachers is low. There is a need for urgent intervention to train teachers regarding the provision of first aid for choking children.
La cara oculta de la contrainsurgencia franquista a través de un mando de la Guardia Civil: la experiencia de Eulogio Limia Pérez
Authors: Fernández Pasalodos Arnau 
Published: July 2021

El análisis de las estrategias contrainsurgentes desarrolladas por el bando sublevado y por la dictadura franquista se ha visto relegado a un segundo plano en la historiografía. Las publicaciones cuyo objeto de estudio han sido el surgimiento, el progreso y el ocaso de las agrupaciones, o partidas guerrilleras, han eclipsado de forma habitual la investigación relativa a las experiencias de los agentes represores. El objetivo del presente estudio es mostrar cómo las estrategias antiguerrilleras favorecieron el proceso de radicalización experimentado en el seno de la Guardia Civil, al mismo tiempo que generaron contradicciones, miedos y tensiones internas dentro del Instituto. Para ello, se recurre a documentación del teniente coronel Eulogio Limia Pérez y a bibliografía especializada sobre la guerrilla antifranquista.
The Green Economy Concept as Development Strategy of Cempaka Tourism Village toward Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Hidayattuloh Mohamad Heri , Bambang Azis Nur , Amirudin Amirudin 
Published: July 2021

Green economy is an economic concept that aims to improve human welfare, reduce inequality, and preserve the environment and carry out development that is in line with the carrying capacity of the environment. Tegal Regency has a complete tourist attraction consisting of natural attractions and special interest attractions. One of the special interest attractions being developed is Cempaka Tourism Village, Bumijawa District. This Cempaka Tourism Village relies on the concept of populist economy based on local wisdom and the beauty of the natural environment. The purpose of this study is to inventory the potential and attractiveness of Cempaka Tourism Village and to prioritize the most suitable tourism potential in the development of Cempaka Tourism Village as a means of improving the community's economy based on the concept of a green economy. This paper employs both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The analytical tool used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the help of the Expert Choice application. Based on the results, it can be seen that Cempaka Tourism Village has the potential and attractiveness to be developed into a tourist village with the concept of a green economy. The best priority in the development of Cempaka Tourism Village is to utilize the Slumpring Market as an alternative to improve the environment-based community economy.
HAVACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE SPESİFİK FİNANSAL ORANLAR: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ HAVAYOLU ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE ANALİZ VE DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KÖSE Yaşar 
Published: July 2021

Türk Sivil Havacılık Sektöründe yer alan iki önemli havayolu şirketi olan THY A.O ve Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı
A.Ş stratejileri farklı da olsa, bu şirketler rekabet gücünü koruyabilmek için gelirlerini artırma, maliyetlerini
en aza indirme çabasındadırlar. Bu çalışmanın ilk aşamasında Türk Sivil Havayolu sektöründe yer alan
Türk Hava Yolları A.Ş.ve Pegasus A.Ş.’nin 2014 ile 2019 yılları arasında 6 yıllık verileri şirketlerin ilgili yıllarda
faaliyet rapor ve faaliyet tablo verileri kullanılarak, çalışmada konu edilen oranlar analiz edilerek hesaplanmış ve
ulaşılan bulgular yorumlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında elde edilen bu veriler TOPSİS
(Tecnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve belirtilen iki havayolu
taşımacılık şirketinin finansal performansı analiz edilmiş, değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Sadece geleneksel
finansal oran analizi yerine, günümüzde Havayolu Taşımacılık Sektöründe yapılan analizlerde olduğu
gibi, özel finansal oranlar yolu ile Havayolu şirketlerin analiz edilmesi çalışmayı literatürde yer alan diğer çalışmalardan
ayırmakta ve önemini artırmaktadır. Çalışmada yapılan analizin ilk bölümünde, araştırmaya konu
olan havayolu şirketlerinin özel finansal oranları 2014-2019 yılları periyodunda, oluşturulan tablolar ve grafikler
yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan analizde 2014-2019 yılları arasında THY A.O. ve Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı
A.Ş.’nin performans verileri hesaplanarak analiz edilmiştir. THY A.O.’nın spesifik finansal oranlar
olarak adlandırılan temel olarak CASK ve RASK değerleri incelen yıllarda, Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.’nin
değerlerinden daha yüksek seyrettiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan analizin ikinci bölümünde, yine aynı zaman
periyodunda incelenen iki havayolu şirketinin tespit edilmiş öne çıkan 7 adet özel finansal oranı kullanılarak
TOPSİS yöntemi yoluyla şirketlerin analizi yapılmıştır. TOPSİS yöntemine göre kullanılan veriler esas alınarak
THY A.O. çalışmanın birinci aşamasına benzer şekilde Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.’ye göre finansal
açıdan daha başarılı olarak belirlenmiştir.
Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries on bounded domains
Authors: Jung Soon-Mo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
More than 20 years after Fickett attempted to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on bounded subsets of

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

in 1981, Alestalo et al. [Isometric approximation, Israel J. Math. 125 (2001), 61–82] and Väisälä [Isometric approximation property in Euclidean spaces, Israel J. Math. 128 (2002), 127] improved Fickett’s theorem significantly. In this paper, we will improve Fickett’s theorem by proving the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on bounded subsets of

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

using a more intuitive and more efficient approach that differs greatly from the methods used by Alestalo et al. and Väisälä.
Nanosystem’s density functional theory study of the chlorine adsorption on the Fe(100) surface
Authors: Saraireh Sherin A. , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Tarawneh Mouad A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This contribution investigates chlorine (Cl) interaction with the Fe(100) surface, with a focus on governing adsorption energies and geometrical features at the nanoscale using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The Cl/Fe(100) system can be considered as a building block to create nanosystems with specific and desired electronic, material, mechanical, or environmental properties. We report adsorption energies, surface relaxations. and buckling distances for Cl adsorbed as a function of Cl coverage. The computational DFT framework employs a vdW-DF functional with coverages varying from 0.25 to 1 ML. Adsorption at a bridge site with coverage of 0.5 ML appears to be the most preferred site, with an adsorption energy of −4.44 eV. For all coverages, Cl adsorption at the bridge and hollow sites incurs slightly higher adsorption energies than adsorption at the top (T) site. The potential energy surface (PES) for the dissociation of a Cl molecule over the Fe(100) surface was calculated. Dissociative adsorption of the Cl molecule on Fe(100) ensues via a modest activation barrier of only 0.58 eV in a noticeably exothermic reaction of 2.94 eV. In agreement with experimental observations, the work function decreases upon Cl addition in reference to the clean iron surface. The electronic interaction between Cl and the Fe(100) surface was examined by calculating the differential charge density distribution of the most stable structure (B-0.5 ML). The vdW-DF interactions increase the adsorption energies and reduce the equilibrium distances when compared with the corresponding results from plain DFT.
Bracketing Paradoxes resolved
Authors: Newell Heather 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBracketing Paradoxes (BPs) have been the subject of many different analyses since the 1970s. Each of these analyses have included BP-specific machinery to account for the apparent mismatch between the syntactico-semantic and morpho-phonological structures argued to be necessary for a complete analysis of this phenomenon. This article proposes that independently necessary operations and structures in the morpho-syntactic and phonological modules allow for an analysis of BPs that avoids postulating ad-hoc tools. Specifically, a system that includes cyclic (phasal) interpretation of the morpho-syntax in combination with a flat (CVCV) phonological framework avoids the emergence of paradoxical structures altogether. The discussion therefore includes both current morpho-syntactic and phonological analyses of each construction proposed to give rise to a BP; comparatives (unhappier), Level-ordering BPs (ungrammaticality), Phrasal BPs (modular grammarian), Compound BPs (particle physicist), Particle-verbs (podžëg‘set fire’ [Russian]), and Reduplicated BPs (kwíita-kwíita‘to pour a bit’ [Kihehe]). The proposal that a flat phonological framework is key in avoiding the paradoxical nature of BPs has implications for the correct structure of phonological representations generally.
In VivoCalcium Imaging of CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Populations in Adult Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Schoenfeld Gwendolin , Carta Stefano , Rupprecht Peter , Ayaz Aslı , Helmchen Fritjof 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuronal population activity in the hippocampal CA3 subfield is implicated in cognitive brain functions such as memory processing and spatial navigation. However, because of its deep location in the brain, the CA3 area has been difficult to target with modern calcium imaging approaches. Here, we achieved chronic two-photon calcium imaging of CA3 pyramidal neurons with the red fluorescent calcium indicator R-CaMP1.07 in anesthetized and awake mice. We characterize CA3 neuronal activity at both the single-cell and population level and assess its stability across multiple imaging days. During both anesthesia and wakefulness, nearly all CA3 pyramidal neurons displayed calcium transients. Most of the calcium transients were consistent with a high incidence of bursts of action potentials (APs), based on calibration measurements using simultaneous juxtacellular recordings and calcium imaging. In awake mice, we found state-dependent differences with striking large and prolonged calcium transients during locomotion. We estimate that trains of >30 APs over 3 s underlie these salient events. Their abundance in particular subsets of neurons was relatively stable across days. At the population level, we found that co-activity within the CA3 network was above chance level and that co-active neuron pairs maintained their correlated activity over days. Our results corroborate the notion of state-dependent spatiotemporal activity patterns in the recurrent network of CA3 and demonstrate that at least some features of population activity, namely co-activity of cell pairs and likelihood to engage in prolonged high activity, are maintained over days.