bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and environmental drivers of species richness in poeciliid fishes across the Americas
Authors: García‐Andrade Ana Berenice , Carvajal‐Quintero Juan David , Tedesco Pablo A. , Villalobos Fabricio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimGeographical gradients of vertebrate species richness are determined jointly by evolutionary and environmental factors. Support for these factors comes mostly from tetrapods and, recently, marine fishes, but their validity and relative importance in freshwater fishes is not well understood. Here, we describe the species richness gradient for the major component of the viviparous freshwater fishes of the Americas, the poeciliids, and test the effects of evolutionary and environmental factors on this pattern.LocationThe Americas.Time periodApproximatley 56–0 Ma.Major taxa studiedPoeciliidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes).MethodsWe constructed geographical ranges for 93% (256) of poeciliids to describe and evaluate their species richness gradient. Evolutionary factors (evolutionary time and speciation rate) were derived from a recent phylogeny. Environmental factors were represented as basin area, topographical heterogeneity, energy, climate seasonality and past climatic stability. We tested the influence of these factors with a piecewise structural equation model (pSEM).ResultsThe distribution of Poeciliidae is biased to the Atlantic coast, with species richness showing a bimodal latitudinal gradient, peaking in middle latitudes near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and exhibiting the highest richness in Middle America. The pSEM showed that this species richness pattern was influenced positively by evolutionary time and past climatic stability and negatively by climate seasonality.Main conclusionThe species richness gradient of Poeciliidae has been shaped by the interplay of evolutionary time in addition to current and historical climate. Indeed, regions with high poeciliid richness were those containing by ancient lineages, supporting the time‐for‐speciation effect, and that have experienced low historical stability in temperature and currently show low temperature seasonality. Conversely, species‐poor regions contained younger lineages and experienced greater temperature seasonality. Our study highlights the need to assess jointly the evolutionary, historical and climatic drivers of species richness in order to unravel the causes of diversity gradients.
Biological and Physical Clogging in Infiltration Wells: Effects of Well Diameter and Gravel Pack
Authors: Kalwa Fritz , Binder Martin , Händel Falk , Grüneberg Luzie , Liedl Rudolf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGravity‐driven infiltration into the shallow subsurface via small‐diameter wells (SDWs), i.e., wells with an inner diameter smaller than 7.5 cm (3 inches) and no gravel pack) has proven to be a cost‐efficient and flexible tool for managed aquifer recharge (MAR), as it provides relatively high recharge rates with minimal construction effort. SDWs have a significantly smaller open filter area than larger diameter wells with gravel pack, making the infiltration of low‐quality waters through these wells more at risk clogging. To investigate their susceptibility for biological and physical clogging, 24 physical models with different well setups were evaluated by infiltrating either nutrient‐poor but turbid water or nutrient‐rich but clear water. The experiments showed that smaller diameters and the lack of a gravel pack increase the well's susceptibility to both kinds of clogging. However, this effect was observed to be much more pronounced for physical than for biological clogging. Our conclusion is that SDWs show severe disadvantages with respect to the infiltration of highly turbid waters in comparison to large diameter wells with a gravel pack. Nevertheless, this disadvantage is much less severe when it comes to the infiltration of clear but nutrient‐rich waters (e.g., treated wastewater). Depending on the economic and geological circumstances of a MAR‐project, this disadvantage could be outweighed by the significantly lower construction costs of SDWs.
Newly graduated nurses' perceptions of work environment: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Ma Weiguang , Jiang Yishan , Liang Tao , Zhang Huan , Ma Fang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the attitudes of newly graduated nurses in China toward their work environment and identify the factors affecting their perception.BackgroundNewly graduated nurses are the primary supply to cover the nursing shortage, but their stressful transition into clinical work has contributed to high turnover for decades. Although serving as a source of stress, the work environment can also be a source of support for new nurses.MethodsA total of 2361 new nurses at 31 tertiary hospitals in 20 provinces were surveyed from June to November 2018, using the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index. Basic information and their perception about work environment were collected.ResultsNew nurses rated their work environment with an overall score of 84.67 (12.85). Multiple linear regression identified that education level, monthly income, hospital type and location, participation (or not) in standardized training programmes and having (or not) a mentor/preceptor were factors significantly associated with their perception of the work environment.ConclusionThe perception of newly graduated nurses in China was mainly positive overall. Nursing managers may take full advantage of factors affecting the perception of work environment to support newly graduated nurses better, to help their retention and transition.
Effects of motor imagery training on lower limb motor function of patients with chronic stroke: A pilot single‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Jun , Wang Yuan‐Jiao , Ding Xiao‐Di , Shi Tian‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of motor imagery training on lower limb motor function of stroke patients.BackgroundMotor imagery training has played an important role in rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients.MethodsIn this pilot randomized controlled trial 32 stroke patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups from January to June 2017. Patients in both groups received conventional neuro‐rehabilitation five times a week in 3‐h segments for 6 weeks. Patients in the experimental group underwent an additional 20 min of motor imagery training. Measures were evaluated by motor function of the lower extremity, activities of daily living and balance ability.ResultsThe outcomes significantly improved by motor imagery training were the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment of the lower extremity, the Functional Independence Measure dealing with transfers and locomotion, and the Berg Balance Scale.ConclusionMotor imagery training could be used as a complement to physical rehabilitation of stroke patients. Our findings may be helpful to develop nursing strategies aimed at improving functional ability of stroke patients and thus enhancing their quality of life.
Corydoras fulleri (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), a new catfish species from the rio Madeira basin, Peru
Authors: Tencatt Luiz Fernando Caserta , dos Santos Sérgio Alexandre , Evers Hans‐Georg , Britto Marcelo R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new long‐snouted Corydoras species is described from two tributaries of the río Manuripe and a tributary of the río Madre de Dios, rio Madeira basin, Peru. Corydoras fulleri can be distinguished from its congeners by having the following features: (a) branch of the temporal sensory canal at sphenotic, which gives rise to the supraorbital canal, with two pores; (b) upper tooth plate of branchial arch with three series of teeth; (c) area at the corner of the mouth, ventral to the maxillary barbel, with a small fleshy flap; (d) two moderate‐sized dark‐brown or black blotches on caudal‐fin base, one on its lateral portion and another one on its dorsal portion, blotches variably diffuse and/or fused with each other; (e) absence of a dark‐brown or black stripe transversally crossing the orbit; (f) a longitudinal dark‐brown or black stripe on the postdorsal region of flank midline, variably fused with the lateral peduncular blotch, some specimens with slender, longitudinally elongated, dark‐brown or black blotch on flank midline, forming a dash‐like marking, stripe or dash‐like blotch diffuse in some specimens; and (g) region around dorsal‐fin origin generally lacking dark brown or black blotch, or displaying diffuse blotch.
Biology and ecology of sea catfish (Ariidae) of estuarine, lagoon and coastal ecosystems in West Africa
Authors: Simier Monique , Osse Olaloudé Judicaël Franck , Sadio Oumar , Ecoutin Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe family Ariidae, sea catfish of the order Siluriformes, is widely distributed throughout the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. The three species of Ariidae found on the coasts and estuaries of West Africa are the smoothmouth catfish Carlarius heudelotii (Valenciennes 1840), the rough‐head catfish Carlarius latiscutatus (Günther 1864) and the Guinean sea catfish Carlarius parkii (Günther 1864). They have been increasingly exploited by artisanal and industrial coastal fisheries in recent decades, but there is still little information available on their ecology and biology. The aim of this study was to deepen our knowledge of these three West African Ariidae species based on a dataset collected between 1980 and 2013 during experimental fishing programmes. They were carried out in Mauritania in the Banc d'Arguin National Park, in Senegal in the Sine Saloum estuary including the Bamboung Marine Protected Area (MPA), in The Gambia in the Gambia estuary, in Guinea‐Bissau in the Urok Islands MPA in the Bijagos archipelago, in Guinea in the Fatala estuary and Dangara inlet, and in Côte d'Ivoire in the Ebrié Lagoon. C. latiscutatus accounted for 65%, C. parkii for 29% and C. heudelotii for 6% of total number of Ariidae sampled. C. latiscutatus was abundant in the Sine Saloum and Gambia estuaries as well as in Guinea and Guinea‐Bissau and was the only species present in the Ebrié Lagoon. C. parkii was in the majority in Mauritania. The three species were recorded in a salinity range of 0 to 50, a temperature range of 19 to 34°C, in areas 1.7 to 15 m depth, and transparency ranging from 0.1 to 4 m (Secchi disk depth). C. heudelotii was present in less saline (25 vs. 32–34), less warm (27 vs. 29°C) and less transparent (0.8 m vs. 1.6 m) waters than the two other species. The maximum sizes (453 mm, 614 mm and 525 mm for, respectively, C. heudelotii, C. latiscutatus and C. parkii) were comparable to those recorded at sea. Length–weight relationships calculated for each species showed b coefficients greater than 3. Sex ratios were always in favour of females. The number of mature individuals and their smallest size at maturity were calculated per species, sex and study area. A size of 27–28 cm at first maturity was estimated for females of C. latiscutatus. A few dozen records made it possible to describe fecundity and cases of oral incubation by females. The diet of the three species was composed of crustaceans, fish and molluscs, confirming their classification as generalist predators. Thanks to their high environmental tolerance, these sea catfish populations are able to occupy both the continental shelf and adjacent estuaries throughout their life cycle, with the exception of spawning, which generally takes place at sea.
Comparison of diagnostic methods for Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae detection in salmonid fish
Authors: Seidlova Veronika , Syrova Eva , Minarova Hana , Zukal Jan , Balaz Vojtech , Nemcova Monika , Papezikova Ivana , Pikula Jiri , Schmidt‐Posthaus Heike , Mares Jan , Palikova Miroslava 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiagnostic accuracy of pathogen detection depends upon the selection of suitable tests. Problems can arise when the selected diagnostic test gives false‐positive or false‐negative results, which can affect control measures, with consequences for the population health. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity of different diagnostic methods IHC, PCR and qPCR detecting Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish and as a consequence differences in disease prevalence. We analysed tissue from 388 salmonid specimens sampled from a recirculating system and rivers in the Czech Republic. Overall prevalence of T. bryosalmonae was extremely high at 92.0%, based on positive results of at least one of the above‐mentioned screening methods. IHC resulted in a much lower detection rate (30.2%) than both PCR methods (qPCR32: 65.4%, PCR: 81.9%). While qPCR32 produced a good match with IHC (60.8%), all other methods differed significantly (p < .001) in the proportion of samples determined positive. Both PCR methods showed similar sensitivity, though specificity (i.e., the proportion of non‐diseased fish classified correctly) differed significantly (p < .05). Sample preservation method significantly (p < .05) influenced the results of PCR, with a much lower DNA yield extracted from paraffin‐embedded samples. Use of different methods that differ in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity resulted in random and systematic diagnosis errors, illustrating the importance of interpreting the results of each method carefully.
Relationship of physical function with quality of life in older patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Aladin Amer I. , Whellan David , Mentz Robert J. , Pastva Amy M. , Nelson M. Benjamin , Brubaker Peter , Duncan Pamela , Reeves Gordon , Rosenberg Paul , Kitzman Dalane W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have severely impaired physical function (PF) and quality of life (QOL). However, relationships between impairments in PF and QOL are unknown but are relevant to clinical practice and trial design.MethodsWe assessed 202 consecutive patients hospitalized with ADHF in the multicenter Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute HF Patients (REHAB‐HF) Trial. PF measures included Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and 6‐min walk distance (6MWD). Disease‐specific QOL was assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). General QOL was assessed by the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12) and EuroQol‐5D‐5L. PF was evaluated as a predictor of QOL using stepwise regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and New York Heart Association class.ResultsParticipants were 72 ± 8 years, 54% women, 55% minority race, 52% with reduced ejection fraction, and body mass index 33 ± 9 kg/m2. Participants had severe impairments in PF (6MWD 185 ± 99 m, SPPB 6.0 ± 2.5 units) and disease‐specific QOL (KCCQ Overall Score 41 ± 21 and Physical Score 47 ± 24) and general QOL (SF‐12 Physical Score 28 ± 9 and EuroQol Visual Analog Scale 57 ± 23). There were modest, statistically significant correlations between 6MWD and KCCQ Overall, KCCQ Physical Limitation, and SF‐12 Physical Scores (r = 0.23, p < 0.001; r = 0.30, p < 0.001; and r = 0.24, p = 0.001, respectively); and between SPPB and KCCQ Physical and SF‐12 Physical Scores (r = 0.20, p = 0.004, and r = 0.19, p = 0.007, respectively). Both 6MWD and SPPB were correlated with multiple components of the EuroQol‐5D‐5L. 6MWD was a significant, weak predictor of KCCQ Overall Score and SF‐12 Physical Score (estimate = 0.05 ± 0.01, p < 0.001 and estimate = 0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.012, respectively). SPPB was a significant, weak predictor of KCCQ Physical Score and SF‐12 Physical Score (estimate = 1.37 ± 0.66, p = 0.040 and estimate = 0.54 ± 0.25, p = 0.030, respectively).CONCLUSIONIn older, hospitalized ADHF patients, PF and QOL are both severely impaired but are only modestly related, suggesting that PF and QOL provide complementary information and assessment of both should be considered to fully assess clinically meaningful patient‐oriented outcomes.
Political Attitudes and Inflation Expectations: Evidence and Implications
Authors: GILLITZER CHRISTIAN , PRASAD NALINI , ROBINSON TIM 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show that for the United States and Australia consumers expect significantly lower inflation when the political party they support holds executive office. This finding cannot be explained by previously documented sources of heterogeneity in consumer inflation expectations. It is consistent with stereotypical thinking (Bordalo et al. 2016), pointing to the use of heuristics in the formation of macro‐economic beliefs. Our findings have implications for consumers' understanding of central bank independence and its connection with inflation stabilization.
Videoconferencing psychotherapy for couples and families: A systematic review
Authors: de Boer Kathleen , Muir Samuel D. , Silva S. Sandun M. , Nedeljkovic Maja , Seabrook Elizabeth , Thomas Neil , Meyer Denny 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe delivery of videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP) has been found to be an efficacious, acceptable and feasible treatment modality for individual therapy. However, less is known about the use of VCP for couple and family therapy (CFT). The focus of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of using VCP as a treatment delivery modality for CFT. A systematic search was conducted, data relating to efficacy, feasibility and acceptability were extracted from included studies. The search returned 7,112 abstracts, with 37 papers (0.005%) included. The methods of the review were pre‐registered (PROSPERO; CRD42018106137). VCP for CFT was demonstrated to be feasible and acceptable. A meta‐analysis was not conducted; however, results from the included studies indicate that VCP is an efficacious delivery method for CFT. Recommendations for future research and implications regarding clinical practice are made, which may be of interest to practitioners given the COVID‐19 pandemic.
William James and the Metaphilosophy of Individualism
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that an individualist perspective is a crucial element of William James’s metaphilosophical outlook. In broad outline, the individualist argument the paper attributes to James can be characterized like this. Disputes among philosophers about the optimal point of view from which to consider this or that philosophical problem are themselves only adequately adjudicated from an individualist perspective. That is, when it comes to an assortment of important philosophical questions (not all of them perhaps, but a significant number), an individualist perspective should replace a more objective one, and whether it should or not is itself a question that should be decided from an individualist perspective.
Rousseau, Dewey, and Freire
Authors: Wilcock Neil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper suggests that Jean‐Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey, and Paulo Freire each engage in philosophical projects that seek to employ the practice of philosophy as a means to the development of the person and as a political and educational method of philosophy that aims to discover and answer the problems of cooperative associations. The paper argues that the philosophical projects of Rousseau, Dewey, and Freire are intimately related in approach, scope, and intent. Furthermore, it argues that by reading Rousseau, Dewey, and Freire in conversation with one another, their philosophical projects can be effectively employed in an inquiry into citizenship and citizenship education and accordingly as the foundation for a fruitful philosophical methodology that is both political and educational.
Upregulation of mmu_circ_0001066 attenuates the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates on osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Guo Jie , Gao Ling , Ren Wenhao , Li Shao‐Ming , Zheng Jingjing , Xin Shanshan , Kong Xinjuan , Zhi Keqian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is the main adverse side effect of bisphosphonates (BPs), mainly owing to the inhibitory effect of BPs on osteoclastogenesis. CircRNAs were identified to be an important factor in regulating cellular processes. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mmu_circ_0001066 on BP‐inhibited osteoclastogenesis.Materials and methodsThe expression of MRONJ‐related miRNA in RANKL‐induced RAW264.7 cells treated with BP was analyzed using qRT‐PCR analysis. Bioinformatics techniques were applied to screen potential circRNAs. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption assays were used to examine the effect of mmu_circ_0001066 on osteoclastogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and Western blotting assays were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.ResultsFour MRONJ‐related miRNAs were upregulated in BP‐treated RAW264.7 cells, and the expression of mmu_circ_0001066 was negatively correlated with those of MRONJ‐related miRNAs. Furthermore, the upregulation of mmu_circ_0001066 partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of BP on osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, upregulated miR‐16 suppressed osteoclastogenesis and miR‐16 inhibitor increased osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, we have identified that miR‐16 is a downstream effector of mmu_circ_0001066.ConclusionOur results suggest that mmu_circ_0001066 played an important role in the BP‐mediated suppression of osteoclastogenesis, which lays a foundation for identifying mmu_circ_0001066 as a potential biomarker for MRONJ.
Multisystem Spinal Cord Stimulation Trialing: A Single Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Buchanan Patrick , Kiker Dale , Katouzian Alireza , Kia Farid , Pope Jason E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation is a well‐established modality for the treatment of chronic intractable pain. The safety and efficacy of various stimulation therapy designs have been demonstrated in multiple randomized controlled studies, oftentimes comparing an investigational device to an existing commercial therapy. In the real‐world setting, data are lacking regarding selection of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy, as waveform, pulse trains, and programming are not interchangeable among the devices. The purpose of this study is to help dissect a methodology for a patient centric multisystem trialing.MethodsWe conducted a single center, retrospective, open label observational chart review. Between June 2017 and June 2019, 83 patients underwent SCS trials. Devices from four commercially available systems were trialed. Patients were given the opportunity to trial up to three systems. If the patient reported 50% or more pain relief/functional improvement with the trial, they were able to choose which system they liked best and proceed with implantation.ResultsThere were 82% (68/83) of patients who proceeded to permanent implant, with 72 patients electing to trial more than one stimulation paradigm. Of those, 62 trialed 2 SCS systems, whereas 11 trialed 3. During the SCS trials, loss of efficacy due to lead migration was 1.2% (1/83) and no infections occurred. The average pain score measured on the numeric pain rating scale (NRS), improved from 6.8 at baseline to 2.9 after implantation.ConclusionsMultisystem trialing is safe and effective in providing patients increased exposure to multiple commercially available SCS systems.