bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gasoline Compression Ignition on a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine Using a Wide Range of Fuel Reactivities and Heavy Fuel Stratification
Authors: Dempsey Adam B. , Curran Scott , Wagner Robert , Cannella William , Ickes Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany research studies have focused on utilizing gasoline in modern compression ignition engines to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. Collectively, this combustion mode has become kn+own as gasoline compression ignition (GCI). One of the biggest challenges with GCI operation is maintaining control over the combustion process through the fuel injection strategy, such that the engine can be controlled on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Research studies have investigated a wide variety of GCI injection strategies (i.e., fuel stratification levels) to maintain control over the heat release rate while achieving low-temperature combustion (LTC). This work shows that at loads relevant to light-duty engines, partial fuel stratification (PFS) with gasoline provides very little controllability over the timing of combustion. On the contrary, heavy fuel stratification (HFS) provides very linear and pronounced control over the timing of combustion. However, the HFS strategy has challenges achieving LTC operation due to the air handling burdens associated with the high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates that are required to reduce NOx emissions to near zero levels. In this work, a wide variety of gasoline fuel reactivities (octane numbers ranging from &lt;40 to 87) were investigated to understand the engine performance and emissions of HFS-GCI operation on a multi-cylinder light-duty engine. The results indicate that over an EGR sweep at 4 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), the gasoline fuels can achieve LTC operation with ultra-low NOx and soot emissions, while conventional diesel combustion (CDC) is unable to simultaneously achieve low NOx and soot. At 10 bar BMEP, all the gasoline fuels were compared to diesel, but using mixing controlled combustion and not LTC.
Bayesian Optimization of Equilibrium States in Elastomeric Beams
Authors: Yoo David , Hertlein Nathan , Chen Vincent W. , Willey Carson L. , Gillman Andrew , Juhl Abigail , Anand Sam , Vemaganti Kumar , Buskohl Philip R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Architected elastomeric beam networks have great potential for energy absorption, multi-resonant vibration isolation, and multi-bandgap elastic wave control, due to the reconfigurability and programmability of their mechanical buckling instabilities. However, navigating this design space is challenging due to bifurcations between mono- and bistable beam designs, inherent geometric nonlinearities, and the strong dependence of buckling properties on beam geometry. To investigate these challenges, we developed a Bayesian optimization framework to control the equilibrium states of an inclined elastomeric beam, while also tuning the energy to transition between these configurations. Leveraging symmetry to reduce the design space, the beam shape is parameterized using a Fourier series representation. A penalty method is developed to include monostable designs in objective functions with dependencies on bistable features, enabling monostable results to still be incorporated in the Gaussian process surrogate and contribute to the optimization process. Two objectives are optimized in this study, including the position of the second stable equilibrium configuration and the ratio of output to input energy between the two stable states. A scalarized multi-objective optimization is also carried out to study the trade-off between equilibrium position and the energetics of transition between the stable states. The predicted designs are qualitatively verified through experimental testing. Collectively, the study explores a new parameter space for beam buckling, introduces a penalty method to regularize between mono- and bistable domains, and provides a library of beams as building blocks to assemble and analyze in future studies.
A New Methodology for Multistage Multispeed Planetary Transmission Design Based on Geometry
Authors: Chen Hong , Chen Xiaoan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the planetary automatic transmission design, efficiency is one of the primary performance indicators determining the final selection from multiple candidates. However, efficiency evaluation is the last step of conceptual design, thereby causing the trial result is often known at the end of the design. A new methodology based on geometry is presented for multistage planetary automatic transmission design, ranging from clutching sequence synthesis to efficiency evaluation. The emphasis is placed on a unified model for design steps with different analysis principles to predict power transfer characteristics earlier. Some new results and improvements are also presented, such as general speed ratio (SR) change law, simultaneous traversal of different shift types, and the efficiency formula. An example is provided to illustrate the applicability to a 3-DOF planetary automatic transmission and shows that early identification of power transfer characteristics can lock in necessary subsequent calculations, thereby eliminating unnecessary analysis and speeding up the design process.
Segmentation-Based Wireframe Generation for Parametric Modeling of Human Body Shapes
Authors: Huang Jida , Kwok Tsz-Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wireframes have been proved useful as an intermediate layer of the neural network to learn the relationship between the human body and semantic parameters. However, the definition of the wireframe needs to have anthropological meaning and is highly dependent on experts’ experience. Hence, it is usually not easy to obtain a well-defined wireframe for a new set of shapes in available databases. An automated wireframe generation method would help relieve the need for the manual anthropometric definition to overcome such difficulty. One way to find such an automated wireframe generation method is to apply segmentation to divide the models into small mesh patches. Nevertheless, different segmentation approaches could have various segmented patches, thus resulting in diversified wireframes. How do these different sets of wireframes affect learning performance? In this paper, we attempt to answer this research question by defining several critical quantitative estimators to evaluate different wireframes’ learning performance. To find how such estimators influence wireframe-assisted learning accuracy, we conduct experiments by comparing different segmentation methods on human body shapes. We summarized several meaningful design guidelines for developing an automatic wireframe-aware segmentation method for human body learning with such verification.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydrogel Filters Containing Algae Cells for Copper Removal From Contaminated Water
Authors: Thakare Ketan , Jerpseth Laura , Pei Zhijian , Tomlin Bryan , Qin Hongmin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Copper contamination of drinking water and marine areas is detrimental to human health and the environment. Physical and chemical approaches currently used for copper removal from water tend to be expensive and may introduce chemicals to the water. Using suspended algae to remove copper is a biological approach. Its cost is relatively low, and algae can be used for other purposes after being used for copper removal. However, this approach using algae is currently limited in its usefulness due to technological barriers. For example, chemical agents used to remove suspended algae from water after copper is absorbed can cause secondary contamination. Using immobilized algae instead of suspended algae can overcome these problems. In this preliminary study, hydrogel filters containing algae cells and those containing no algae cells are printed on an extrusion-based 3D printer. They were used in a custom-build filtration setup for copper removal. Experimental results show that hydrogel filters containing algae cells reduced copper concentration in the test solution by about 83% (from 3 to 0.5 ppm) after 1 h of filtration, while hydrogel filters containing no algae cells reduced copper concentration in the test solution by about 50% (from 3 to 1.5 ppm) after 1 h of filtration.
Flavor anomalies from asymptotically safe gravity
Authors: Kowalska Kamila , Sessolo Enrico Maria , Yamamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe use the framework of asymptotically safe quantum gravity to derive predictions for scalar leptoquark solutions to the $$b\rightarrow s$$

b
→
s

and $$b\rightarrow c$$

b
→
c

flavor anomalies. The presence of an interactive UV fixed point in the system of gauge and Yukawa couplings imposes a set of boundary conditions at the Planck scale, which allows one to determine low-energy values of the leptoquark Yukawa matrix elements. As a consequence, the allowed leptoquark mass range can be significantly narrowed down. We find that a consistent gravity-driven solution to the $$b\rightarrow s$$

b
→
s

anomalies predicts a leptoquark with the mass of 4–7 $$\,\mathrm {TeV}$$

TeV

, entirely within the reach of a future hadron-hadron collider with $$\sqrt{s}=100\,\mathrm {TeV}$$

s

=
100

TeV

. Conversely, in the case of the $$b\rightarrow c$$

b
→
c

anomalies the asymptotically safe gravity framework predicts a leptoquark mass at the edge of the current LHC bounds. Complementary signatures appear in flavor observables, namely the (semi)leptonic decays of B and D mesons and kaons.
Replicated Computational Results (RCR) Report for “Adaptive Precision Block-Jacobi for High Performance Preconditioning in the Ginkgo Linear Algebra Software”
Authors: Osborn Sarah 
Published: April 2021

The article by Flegar et al. titled “Adaptive Precision Block-Jacobi for High Performance Preconditioning in the Ginkgo Linear Algebra Software” presents a novel, practical implementation of an adaptive precision block-Jacobi preconditioner. Performance results using state-of-the-art GPU architectures for the block-Jacobi preconditioner generation and application demonstrate the practical usability of the method, compared to a traditional full-precision block-Jacobi preconditioner. A production-ready implementation is provided in the Ginkgo numerical linear algebra library.
In this report, the Ginkgo library is reinstalled and performance results are generated to perform a comparison to the original results when using Ginkgo’s Conjugate Gradient solver with either the full or the adaptive precision block-Jacobi preconditioner for a suite of test problems on an NVIDIA GPU accelerator. After completing this process, the published results are deemed reproducible.
N6-Methyladenosine Regulates mRNA Stability and Translation Efficiency of KRT7 to Promote Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis
Authors: Chen Feng , Chen Zhuojia , Guan Tao , Zhou Yan , Ge Lichen , Zhang Haisheng , Wu Yingmin , Jiang Guan-Min , He Weiling , Li Jiexin , Wang Hongsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The roles of RNA modification during organ metastasis of cancer cells are not known. Here we established breast cancer lung metastasis cells by three rounds of selection of lung metastatic subpopulations in vivo and designated them as BCLMF3 cells. In these cells, mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and methyltransferase METTL3 were increased, while the demethylase FTO was decreased. Epi-transcriptome and transcriptome analyses together with functional studies identified keratin 7 (KRT7) as a key effector for m6A-induced breast cancer lung metastasis. Specifically, increased METTL3 methylated KRT7-AS at A877 to increase the stability of a KRT7-AS/KRT7 mRNA duplex via IGF2BP1/HuR complexes. Furthermore, YTHDF1/eEF-1 was involved in FTO-regulated translational elongation of KRT7 mRNA, with methylated A950 in KRT7 exon 6 as the key site for methylation. In vivo and clinical studies confirmed the essential roles of KRT7, KRT7-AS, and METTL3 for lung metastasis and clinical progression of breast cancer. Collectively, m6A promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by increasing the stability of a KRT7-AS/KRT7 mRNA duplex and translation of KRT7.

Significance:
This study suggests that N6-methyladenosine is a key driver and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer metastasis.
A Complementary Strategy to Mitigate Radiation-Induced Cognitive Decline
Authors: Korimerla Navyateja , Wahl Daniel R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cranial radiation activates an upstream complement cascade component, C1q, leading to brain injury. Microglia-specific deletion of C1q prevents astrocyte and microglial activation, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Therapeutically inhibiting complement activation may help mitigate radiation-induced cognitive decline.
See related article by Markarian et al., p. 1732
Molecular Biomarkers of Response to Eribulin in Patients with Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Wozniak Agnieszka , Boeckx Bram , Modave Elodie , Weaver Amy , Lambrechts Diether , Littlefield Bruce A. , Schöffski Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose:A randomized phase III study evaluated the efficacy of eribulin versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Improved overall survival (OS) led to approval of eribulin for liposarcoma, but not for leiomyosarcoma.Experimental Design:We explored the molecular profile of 77 archival leiomyosarcoma samples from this trial to identify potential predictive biomarkers, utilizing low-coverage whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Tumor molecular profiles were correlated with clinical data, and disease control was defined as complete/partial response or stable disease (RECIST v1.1).Results:Overall, 111 focal copy-number alterations were observed in leiomyosarcoma. Gain of chromosome 17q12 was the most common event, present in 43 of 77 cases (56%). In the eribulin-treated group, gains of 4q26, 20p12.2, 13q13.3, 8q22.2, and 8q13.2 and loss of 1q44 had a negative impact on progression-free survival (PFS), while loss of 2p12 correlated with better prognosis. Gains of 4q22.1 and losses of 3q14.2, 2q14.1, and 11q25 had a negative impact on OS in patients with leiomyosarcoma receiving eribulin. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (38%), MUC16 (32%), and ATRX (17%). The presence of ATRX mutations had a negative impact on PFS in both treatment arms; however, the correlation with worse OS was observed only in the eribulin-treated patients. TP53 mutations were associated with longer PFS on eribulin.Conclusions:Leiomyosarcoma has a complex genetic background, with multiple copy-number alterations and mutations affecting genes implicated in tumorigenesis. We identified several molecular changes with potential impact on survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma when treated with eribulin.
Low LAL (Lysosomal Acid Lipase) Expression by Smooth Muscle Cells Relative to Macrophages as a Mechanism for Arterial Foam Cell Formation
Authors: Dubland Joshua A. , Allahverdian Sima , Besler Katrina J. , Ortega Carleena , Wang Ying , Pryma Collin S. , Boukais Kamel , Chan Teddy , Seidman Michael A. , Francis Gordon A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
We previously reported smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represent ≥50% of foam cells in human coronary and ≈70% in apoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient mouse aortic atheromas and exhibit reduced expression of the cholesterol exporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1). A major stimulus for ABCA1 expression is flux of cholesterol out of lysosomes, generated by hydrolysis of lipoprotein cholesteryl esters by LAL (lysosomal acid lipase). In this study, we investigated the potential role lysosomal dysfunction might play in foam cell formation by arterial SMCs.

Approach and Results:

Human monocyte-derived macrophages (macrophages) and arterial SMCs were treated with aggregated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to increase intracellular cholesterol and investigated for lysosomal and postlysosomal cholesterol metabolism defects. Human and mouse atheromas were analyzed for LAL expression. Unlike macrophages, aggregated LDL uptake failed to upregulate ABCA1 expression, downregulate new cholesterol synthesis, or to significantly increase 27-hydroxycholesterol levels in SMCs. Confocal microscopy revealed retention of neutral lipids within lysosomal compartments in SMCs, while macrophages showed most lipids as cytosolic droplets.
LIPA
(lipase A) mRNA levels and LAL protein were markedly reduced in SMCs. Treatment of SMCs with medium containing LAL resulted in significantly reduced lysosomal lipid accumulation and increased cholesterol efflux to apoA-I (apolipoprotein AI). Human and mouse atheromas exhibited low LAL/
Lipa
expression in intimal SMCs when compared with intimal macrophages.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate the inherently low level of LAL in SMCs compared with macrophages is associated with reduced capacity to catabolize atherogenic lipoproteins and is a mechanism for SMC foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
Is God Redeemable?
Authors: Askani Hans-Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We might suggest two possible ways of understanding our question: Can God be redeemed? and: Must God be redeemed? In both cases the question sounds blasphemous. But following the movement that Franz Rosenzweig develops in The Star of Redemption, I suggest that the living relation initiated by God, as God created the world and as God revealed himself to the human being, would be an abstract construction if, on the one hand, the human being and the world did not need each other in order to become what they are and what they could be, and if, on the other hand, God was not implicated in this mutual relationship.
Moving to the Music
Authors: Laferrière Carolyn M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper serves as a brief introduction to a recent MOISA-sponsored panel at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Classical Studies, held in Washington, D.C. from January 2–5, 2020. Three of these papers will appear in the current and subsequent issues as articles that, together with two additional contributions, are broadly dedicated to the theme of music and dance in Greek and Roman antiquity.
Lake-effect rains over Lake Victoria and their association with Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Nicholson Sharon E. , Klotter Douglas , Hartman Adam T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examined rainfall enhancement over Lake Victoria. Estimates of over-lake rainfall were compared with rainfall in the surrounding lake catchment. Four satellite products were initially tested against estimates based on gauges or water balance models. These included TRMM 3B43, IMERG V06 Final Run (IMERG-F), CHIRPS2, and PERSIANN-CDR. There was agreement among the satellite products for catchment rainfall but a large disparity among them for over-lake rainfall. IMERG-F was clearly an outlier, exceeding the estimate from TRMM 3B43 by 36%. The overestimation by IMERG-F was likely related to passive microwave assessments of strong convection, such as prevails over Lake Victoria. Overall, TRMM 3B43 showed the best agreement with the "ground truth" and was used in further analyses. Over-lake rainfall was found to be enhanced compared to catchment rainfall in all months. During the March-to-May long rains the enhancement varied between 40% and 50%. During the October-to-December short rains the enhancement varied between 33% and 44%. Even during the two dry seasons the enhancement was at least 20% and over 50% in some months. While the magnitude of enhancement varied from month to month, the seasonal cycle was essentially the same for over-lake and catchment rainfall, suggesting that the dominant influence on over-lake rainfall is the large-scale environment. The association with Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) was also evaluated. The similarity of the spatial patterns of rainfall and MCS count each month suggested that these produced a major share of rainfall over the lake. Similarity in interannual variability further supported this conclusion.
Tetherin/BST2, a physiologically and therapeutically relevant regulator of platelet receptor signalling
Authors: Zhao Xiaojuan , Alibhai Dominic , Sun Ting , Khalil Jawad , Hutchinson James L. , Olzak Kaya , Williams Christopher M. , Li Yong , Sessions Richard , Cross Stephen , Seager Richard , Aungraheeta Riyaad , Leard Alan , McKinnon Caroline M. , Phillips David , Zhang Lei , Poole Alastair W. , Banting George , Mundell Stuart J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The reactivity of platelets, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis, is tightly regulated. The integral membrane protein tetherin/bone marrow stromal antigen-2 (BST-2) regulates membrane organization, altering both lipid and protein distribution within the plasma membrane. Because membrane microdomains have an established role in platelet receptor biology, we sought to characterize the physiological relevance of tetherin/BST-2 in those cells. To characterize the potential importance of tetherin/BST-2 to platelet function, we used tetherin/BST-2−/− murine platelets. In the mice, we found enhanced function and signaling downstream of a subset of membrane microdomain–expressing receptors, including the P2Y12, TP thromboxane, thrombin, and GPVI receptors. Preliminary studies in humans have revealed that treatment with interferon-α (IFN-α), which upregulates platelet tetherin/BST-2 expression, also reduces adenosine diphosphate–stimulated platelet receptor function and reactivity. A more comprehensive understanding of how tetherin/BST-2 negatively regulates receptor function was provided in cell line experiments, where we focused on the therapeutically relevant P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R). Tetherin/BST-2 expression reduced both P2Y12R activation and trafficking, which was accompanied by reduced receptor lateral mobility specifically within membrane microdomains. In fluorescence lifetime imaging-Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET)–based experiments, agonist stimulation reduced basal association between P2Y12R and tetherin/BST-2. Notably, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of tetherin/BST-2 was required for both receptor interaction and observed functional effects. In summary, we established, for the first time, a fundamental role of the ubiquitously expressed protein tetherin/BST-2 in negatively regulating membrane microdomain–expressed platelet receptor function.
Selective drug combination vulnerabilities in STAT3- and TP53-mutant malignant NK cells
Authors: Parri Elina , Kuusanmäki Heikki , Bulanova Daria , Mustjoki Satu , Wennerberg Krister 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are rare but very aggressive types of cancers. With currently available treatments, they have a very poor prognosis and, as such, are an example of group of cancers in which the development of effective precision therapies is needed. Using both short- and long-term drug sensitivity testing, we explored novel ways to target NK-cell neoplasms by combining the clinically approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with other targeted agents. We profiled 7 malignant NK-cell lines in drug sensitivity screens and identified that these exhibit differential drug sensitivities based on their genetic background. In short-term assays, various classes of drugs combined with ruxolitinib seemed highly potent. Strikingly, resistance to most of these combinations emerged rapidly when explored in long-term assays. However, 4 combinations were identified that selectively eradicated the cancer cells and did not allow for development of resistance: ruxolitinib combined with the mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor idasanutlin in STAT3-mutant, TP53 wild-type cell lines; ruxolitinib combined with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in TP53-mutant cell lines; and ruxolitinib combined with either the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 but both without a clear link to underlying genetic features. In conclusion, using a new drug sensitivity screening approach, we identified drug combinations that selectively target mature NK-cell neoplasms and do not allow for development of resistance, some of which can be applied in a genetically stratified manner.