bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Two Obstetrical/Gynecology Resident “Boot Camps” of Different Lengths: Equivalent Practice Skills Confidence and Knowledge Levels
Authors: Postlewaite Jeffrey D. , Boes David , Finazzo Salvatore , Cantrell Cammie , Corser William D. 
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT Since the earlier time of master-apprentice type GME relationships, more residency program educators have developed various forms of boot camps to ease incoming learners into their new specialty roles as first-year residents. Such boot camps have ranged from informal informational sessions with faculty using simulation activities, to more formal workshops entailing pre- and post-event skills assessments with simulation exercises, formative feedback and debriefing sessions. The purpose of this pilot project was to examine for relative pre- and post-boot camp changes in Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN) practice skills confidence and knowledge levels in two consecutive cohorts (2014 and 2015) of first-year residents. METHODS Boot camps were of two different lengths: a five-day 2014 camp (n = 32 residents) and shortened three-day 2015 boot camp (n = 29 residents). Respondents from both boot camp cohorts were invited to complete the same 25-item OB/GYN practice skills confidence and knowledge survey. The first three authors developed this survey prior to the initial boot camp (2014). Revisions/adjustments were then made to content after the 2014 to pare down from the initial five days’ worth of content for the 2014 boot camp to three days for the 2015 boot camp. RESULTS Each of 45 sample resident respondents who provided complete pre-and post-boot camp data demonstrated improvements in self-rated practice confidence and knowledge levels. Mean per resident pre-post-boot camp survey rating levels for individual items in the shorter 2015 boot camp cohort increased by 1.096 (SD = 0.5487), over a two-fold increase for most individual items in the 2014 residents. Mean cohort differences represented a non¬-significant equivalent increase in pre-post practice confidence and knowledge levels for individual ratings items between the 2014 and 2015 cohorts (p = 0.241). CONCLUSIONS Based on these preliminary results, the authors conclude that it may be possible to adjust their OB/GYN boot camp from five days to three and still achieve comparable learner outcomes while delivering the same basic content.
Ensuring Patient Safety in Emergency Peripheral Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks: An Evaluation of a Quality Improvement/Patient Safety Initiative
Authors: Wahl Daniel J. , Butki Andrew J. , Butki Nikolai , Wisniewski Samuel J. 
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT During the past two decades, bedside ultrasound has revolutionized the practice of emergency medicine. Physicians are now expected to be competent in utilizing ultrasound skills, for patients presenting with conditions ranging from trauma to skin evaluations. The overall purpose of this quality improvement/patient safety (QIPS) project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pair of five-hour, hands-on didactic/training sessions, aimed at preparing a sample of emergency medicine physicians, residents and medical students to perform peripheral ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. METHODS The study location was set in a community-based emergency medicine program in Pontiac, Michigan. Data was collected from N = 54 emergency medicine residents, physicians and medical students. Data was collected from two training sessions in November 2017 and January 2018. The training consisted of a 12-question pre-test, followed by five hours of hands on & didactic training, with a subsequent post-test containing the same questions. RESULTS The authors compiled the data from both training sessions and found that the participants had an average correct percentage of 5.52 of 12 (46%) on the pre-test. After attending the training session, participants had an overall correct percentage of 9.24 of 12 (77%) on the post-test. This pre-to post-training increase of the mean scores was statistically significant, t (53) = -10.76 (p < 0.01), with an effect size (Cohen’s d) of 1.82. Post hoc power calculations utilizing the d = 1.82 effect size revealed statistical power (1- β) of 100%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this QIPS evaluation project suggest that emergency physicians, residents and medical students may achieve an improved understanding of key ultrasound-guided nerve block material after a single five-hour session of hands-on training and didactics. Going forward, additional studies employing larger sample sizes that allow for outcome stratification by group (emergency physicians, residents, or medical students) along with relevant demographic variables (age, years in practice, etc.) in similar settings are needed to further verify these findings.
SISTEM INFORMASI ARUS KAS BERBASIS MULTI USER PADA SEKOLAH KB-TK KRISTEN DIAN WACANA DEMAK
Authors: Purwantini Kasih , Elisa Satyaningrum  , Arsito Ari Kuncoro  
Published: February 2021

Dian Wacana Demak Christian Kindergarten-Kindergarten School, which is one of the agencies engaged in the science and early childhood education. The type of data used is qualitative and quantitative data. The research objective is to design an effective and efficient school financial administration recording information system and design a school financial administration recording information system that has a system security that can maintain the correctness of the data. The research method used is the Borg and Gall R&D Development Research model, the Prototyping System Development Method to produce a product in the form of a prototype with 6 stages: Research and Data Collection, Planning, Initial Product Development, Product Testing, Product Revision, Final Trial.
The conclusion from the results of this study is that this system can facilitate the recording of cash in and cash out transactions so that there are no mistakes in recording, users can easily present cash reports more quickly so that they can minimize recording time and recording errors, and make it easier for users to print. cash reports with accurate results so as to support and speed up decision making.
Ice injected into the tropopause by deep convection – Part 2: Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Dion Iris-Amata , Dallet Cyrille , Ricaud Philippe , Carminati Fabien , Dauhut Thibaut , Haynes Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The amount of ice injected into the tropical tropopause layer has a strong radiative impact on climate. A companion paper (Part 1) used the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of ice water content (IWC) as an estimate of ice injection by deep convection, showed that the Maritime Continent (MariCont) region provides the largest injection to the upper troposphere (UT; 146 hPa) and to the tropopause level (TL; 100 hPa). This study focuses on the MariCont region and extends that approach to assess the processes, the areas and the diurnal amount and duration of ice injected over islands and over seas during the austral convective season. The model presented in the companion paper is again used to estimate the amount of ice injected (ΔIWC) by combining ice water content (IWC) measured twice a day by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Version 4.2) from 2004 to 2017 and precipitation (Prec) measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM; Version 007) binned at high temporal resolution (1 h). The horizontal distribution of ΔIWC estimated from Prec (ΔIWCPrec) is presented at 2∘×2∘ horizontal resolution over the MariCont. ΔIWC is also evaluated by using the number of lightning events (Flash) from the TRMM-LIS instrument (Lightning Imaging Sensor, from 2004 to 2015 at 1 h and 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ resolution). ΔIWCPrec and ΔIWC estimated from Flash (ΔIWCFlash) are compared to ΔIWC estimated from the ERA5 reanalyses (ΔIWCERA5) with the vertical resolution degraded to that of MLS observations (ΔIWCERA5). Our study shows that the diurnal cycles of Prec and Flash are consistent with each other in phase over land but different over offshore and coastal areas of the MariCont. The observational ΔIWC range between ΔIWCPrec and ΔIWCFlash, interpreted as the uncertainty of our model in estimating the amount of ice injected, is smaller over land (where ΔIWCPrec and ΔIWCFlash agree to within 22 %) than over ocean (where differences are up to 71 %) in the UT and TL. The impact of the MLS vertical resolution on the estimation of ΔIWC is greater in the TL (difference between ΔIWCERA5 and 〈ΔIWCERA5〉 of 32 % to 139 %, depending on the study zone) than in the UT (difference of 9 % to 33 %). Considering all the methods, in the UT, estimates of ΔIWC span 4.2 to 10.0 mg m−3 over land and 0.4 to 4.4 mg m−3 over sea, and in the TL estimates of ΔIWC span 0.5 to 3.9 mg m−3 over land and 0.1 to 0.7 mg m−3 over sea. Finally, based on IWC from MLS and ERA5, Prec and Flash, this study highlights that (1) at both levels, ΔIWC estimated over land can be more than twice that estimated over sea and (2) small islands with high topography present the largest ΔIWC (e.g., island of Java).
Aerosol type classification analysis using EARLINET multiwavelength and depolarization lidar observations
Authors: Mylonaki Maria , Giannakaki Elina , Papayannis Alexandros , Papanikolaou Christina-Anna , Komppula Mika , Nicolae Doina , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Amodeo Aldo , Baars Holger , Soupiona Ourania 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We introduce an automated aerosol type classification
method, called Source Classification Analysis (SCAN). SCAN is based on
predefined and characterized aerosol source regions, the time that the air
parcel spends above each geographical region, and a number of additional
criteria. The output of SCAN is compared with two independent aerosol
classification methods, which use the intensive optical parameters from
lidar data: (1) the Mahalanobis distance automatic aerosol type
classification (MD) and (2) a neural network aerosol typing algorithm
(NATALI). In this paper, data from the European Aerosol Research Lidar
Network (EARLINET) have been used. A total of 97 free tropospheric aerosol
layers from four typical EARLINET stations (i.e., Bucharest, Kuopio, Leipzig,
and Potenza) in the period 2014–2018 were classified based on a 3β+2α+1δ lidar configuration. We found that SCAN, as a method
independent of optical properties, is not affected by overlapping
optical values of different aerosol types. Furthermore, SCAN has no
limitations concerning its ability to classify different aerosol mixtures.
Additionally, it is a valuable tool to classify aerosol layers based on
even single (elastic) lidar signals in the case of lidar stations that
cannot provide a full data set (3β+2α+1δ) of
aerosol optical properties; therefore, it can work independently of the
capabilities of a lidar system. Finally, our results show that NATALI has
a lower percentage of unclassified layers (4 %), while MD has a higher
percentage of unclassified layers (50 %) and a lower percentage of cases
classified as aerosol mixtures (5 %).
Last glacial inception trajectories for the Northern Hemisphere from coupled ice and climate modelling
Authors: Bahadory Taimaz , Tarasov Lev , Andres Heather 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present an ensemble of last glacial inception (LGI) simulations for the Northern Hemisphere that captures a significant fraction of inferred ice volume changes within proxy uncertainties. This ensemble was performed with LCice 1.0, a coupled ice sheet and climate model, varying parameters of both climate and ice sheet components, as well as the coupling between them. Certain characteristics of the spatiotemporal pattern of ice growth and subsequent retreat in both North America (NA) and Eurasia (EA) are
sensitive to parameter changes while others are not. We find that the initial inception of ice over NA and EA is best characterized by the nucleation of ice at high-latitude and high-elevation sites. Subsequent spreading and merger along with large-scale conversion of snowfields dominate in different sectors. The latter plays an important role in the merging of eastern and western ice regions in NA. The inception peak ice volume in the ensemble occurs approximately at 111 ka and therefore lags the summer 60∘ N insolation minimum by more than 3 kyr. Ice volumes consistently peak earlier over EA than NA. The inception peak in North America is characterized by a merged Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheet, with the Davis Strait covered in ice in ∼80 % of simulations. Ice also bridges Greenland and Iceland in all runs by 114 ka and therefore blocks the Denmark Strait. This latter feature would thereby divert the East Greenland Current and Denmark Strait overflow with a potentially significant impact on ocean circulation. The Eurasian
ice sheet at its inception peak varies across ensemble runs between a continuous ice sheet and multiple smaller ice caps. In both continents, the colder high latitudes (i.e. Ellesmere and Svalbard)
tend to grow ice through the entire simulation (to 102 ka), while lower
latitudes lose ice after ∼110 ka. We find temperature decreases over the initial phases of the inception
lead to the expansion of NA ice sheet area and that subsequent
precipitation increases contribute to its thickening. EA ice sheet
area also expands with decreasing temperatures, but sea ice limits
any increases in precipitation, leading to an earlier retreat away
from the EA maximum ice sheet volume. We also examine the extent to which the capture of both LGI ice
growth and retreat constrains the coupled ice–climate model sensitivity to changing atmospheric pCO2. The 55-member sub-ensemble that meets our criteria for “acceptable” ice growth and retreat has an equilibrium climate sensitivity lower bound that is 0.3 ∘C higher than that of the full ensemble. This
suggests some potential value of fully coupled ice–climate modelling of the last glacial inception to constrain future climate change.
Radar and ground-level measurements of precipitation collected by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games
Authors: Gehring Josué , Ferrone Alfonso , Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Besic Nikola , Ahn Kwang Deuk , Lee GyuWon , Berne Alexis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This article describes a 4-month dataset of precipitation and cloud measurements collected during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018). This paper aims to describe the data collected by the Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The dataset includes observations from an X-band dual-polarisation Doppler radar, a W-band Doppler cloud profiler, a multi-angle snowflake camera and a two-dimensional video disdrometer (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918315, Gehring et al., 2020a). Classifications of hydrometeor types derived from dual-polarisation measurements and snowflake photographs are presented. The dataset covers the period from 15 November 2017 to 18 March 2018 and features nine precipitation events with a total accumulation of 195 mm of equivalent liquid precipitation. This represents 85 % of the climatological accumulation over this period. To illustrate the available data, measurements corresponding to the four precipitation events with the largest accumulation are presented. The synoptic situations of these events were contrasted and influenced the precipitation type and accumulation. The hydrometeor classifications reveal that aggregate snowflakes were dominant and that some events featured significant riming. The combination of dual-polarisation variables and high-resolution Doppler spectra with ground-level snowflake images makes this dataset particularly suited to study snowfall microphysics in a region where such measurements were not available before.
Leveraging time series analysis of radar coherence and normalized difference vegetation index ratios to characterize pre-failure activity of the Mud Creek landslide, California
Authors: Jacquemart Mylène , Tiampo Kristy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Assessing landslide activity at large scales has historically been a challenging problem. Here, we present a different approach on radar coherence and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analyses – metrics that are typically used to map landslides post-failure – and leverage a time series analysis to characterize the pre-failure activity of the Mud Creek landslide in California. Our method computes the ratio of mean interferometric coherence or NDVI on the unstable slope relative to that of the surrounding hillslope. This approach has the advantage that it eliminates the negative impacts of long temporal baselines that can interfere with the analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) data, as well as interferences from atmospheric and environmental factors. We show that the coherence ratio of the Mud Creek landslide dropped by 50 % when the slide began to accelerate 5 months prior to its catastrophic failure in 2017. Coincidentally, the NDVI ratio began a near-linear decline. A similar behavior is visible during an earlier acceleration of the landslide in 2016. This suggests that radar coherence and NDVI ratios may be useful for assessing landslide activity. Our study demonstrates that data from the ascending track provide the more reliable coherence ratios, despite being poorly suited to measure the slope's precursory deformation. Combined, these insights suggest that this type of analysis may complement traditional InSAR analysis in useful ways and provide an opportunity to assess landslide activity at regional scales.
Erratum to: Incorporation of Fluconazole and Ocimum Sanctum Oil in Soft Denture Liners to Treat Biofilms of Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Dugal Ramandeep 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To investigate the In Vitro activity of incorporated antifungal agents like Fluconazole and Ocimum sanctum oil (Tulsi) in the denture soft liners to reduce the risks associated with the biofilms of Candida albicans.Materials and Methods: In the current study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of two antifungal agents namely Fluconazole and O. sanctum (Tulsi oil) against C. albicans (ATCC 10231) was evaluated to examine their effect in reducing the count of candida and its biofilms. Analysis of physical properties such as surface roughness and hardness of soft denture liners (test and control) were also performed. The effect of both antifungal agents was also observed on cell morphology of candida cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Studies confirmed MIC value for fluconazole and O. sanctum oil as 600 and 400 µg/ml respectively. Surface hardness and roughness of soft denture material (test) remained unaltered. Finally, SEM studies also proved the effectiveness of incorporated antifungal agents on the cell morphology of C. albicans at their respective MIC values.Conclusions: This approach allows the prolonged drug release in the oral cavity which simultaneously treats the injured denture bearing tissues and also the infection, biofilms of candida without compromising on their physical properties. These studies are significant and have tremendous medicinal and therapeutic relevance. Keywords: Antifungal Agents; Biofilms; Candida; Scanning Electron Microscope; Soft Liners; Hardness; Surface Roughness; Minimal Inhibitory Concentration; Denture Stomatitis.
CONCEPÇÃO COMUNITARISTA DA DEMOCRACIA E EDUCAÇÃO (THE COMUNITARIANIST CONCEPTION OF DEMOCRACY AND THE EDUCATION) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i2.233252
Authors: Da Silva Sidney Reinaldo 
Published: February 2021

Analisa-se, neste texto, a concepção comunitarista de democracia e sua correlação com a educação, discutindo-se o potencial heurístico da mesma para se compreender questões ligadas à forma como as políticas públicas são concebidas e implementadas no campo da educação frente às exigências de administração democrática da escola pública. A concepção contratualista da democracia é apresentada, inicialmente, como contraponto. Mostra-se como, a partir do comunitarismo, questões ligadas à identidade e à diferença são tratadas na esfera da deliberação pública. Discute-se qual tipo de democracia podemos ter e desejar frente aos limites do comunitarismo em relação às exigências da formação humana para uma democracia radical e popular. Palavras-chave: Democracia. Comunitarismo. Educação. This paper analyzes the communitarianism as a perspective of collective decision to think democracy in public educational policies and in public school administration. First I present the contractarian conception of democracy as a counterpoint to discuss question about how communitarianism difine the limits and scope of political education and school as a place of coletive deliberation. How question about identity and difference must be democratically treated. The question is about what kind of democracy we have and want and how this is linked with the human formation. Keywords: Democracy. Communitarianism. Education.
A NEW LAGOMORPH FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF CHAD (CENTRAL AFRICA)
Authors: LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ Nieves , LIKIUS Andossa , MACKAYE Hassane T. , VIGNAUD Patrick , BRUNET Michel 
Published: February 2021

A new species of the genus Serengetilagus, here named S. tchadensis n. sp., is described from Toros Menalla deposits, Late Miocene of Djurab Erg (North Chad, central Africa). It shows primitive features, such as a simple archaeolagine-type p3, with only two main external folds, and upper cheek teeth strongly widened with wear. Its size and skeletal features resemble S. praecapensis from the Middle Pliocene of Laetoli (Tanzania). They differ in several cranial and dental features (choanae width, zygoma, orbits, basicranial-basifacial angle, lack of hypoflexus in P2, short and asymmetric hypoflexus in P3-M2, lack of lingual folds in p3, etc). Individual variations in S. tchadensis n. sp. approach S. praecapensis. The genus Serengetilagus is here assigned to the subfamily Archaeolaginae and related to Hypolagus, namely to H. gromovi from the Late Miocene of Southern Russia. Other related species are Serengetilagus orientieuropaeus and primitive species of the genus Trischizolagus, such as T. maritsae and T. crusafonti. Pliocene leporids from Spain, Ukraine, Russia, Afghanistan and Mongolia have been questionably attributed to Serengetilagus or Trischizolagus. Several features are here proposed to distinguish both genera.Serengetilagus could have a mixed fossorial-cursorial mode of life, as can be inferred by its ecomorphological traits (combining features of hare and rabbit) and taphonomical indications. This new African archaeolagine is contemporaneous of the widespread palaeolagine Alilepus, recorded in the Late Miocene of Kenya. The independence of these two lineages is favoured after revision of previous hypotheses on the phylogeny of the highly diverse Mio-Pliocene peri-Tethysian leporid species.