bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prämature ovarielle Insuffizienz – Diagnostik, Folgeerkrankungen und Therapie
Authors: Lerchbaum Elisabeth 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie prämature ovarielle Insuffizienz ist ein klinisches Syndrom und wird definiert als Verlust der ovariellen Funktion im Alter von < 40 Jahren und betrifft ca. 2 % aller Frauen. Die Diagnose wird anhand von klinischen Symptomen eines Östrogendefizits, einer Oligo- oder Amenorrhö von zumindest vier Monaten sowie erhöhten FSH-Spiegeln (> 25 IU/l) bei zwei verschiedenen Messungen im Abstand von > 4 Wochen gestellt. Die prämature ovarielle Insuffizienz kann genetische, autoimmunologische oder iatrogene Ursachen haben, in den meisten Fällen kann jedoch keine Ursache gefunden werden und es liegt eine idiopathische Form vor. Betroffene Frauen leiden unter den Symptomen des Östrogendefizits wie Hitzewallungen und Schlafproblemen, darüber hinaus kann es zu reproduktiven und kognitiven Problemen sowie Depressionen kommen. Unbehandelt ist die POI mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine Osteoporose sowie für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen verbunden, was mit einer erhöhten Mortalität assoziiert ist. Therapeutisch steht die Hormonersatztherapie mit einem vorzugsweise transdermalen Estradiolpräparat (bei intaktem Uterus in Kombination mit einem Gestagen) im Vordergrund, einerseits zur Behandlung der Symptome des Östrogendefizits und andererseits zur Prävention einer Osteoporose und von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Diese Hormonersatztherapie sollte bis zum Erreichen des natürlichen Menopausenalters mit ca. 50 Jahren durchgeführt werden. Begleitende Lebensstilmaßnahmen mit Fokus auf ausgewogene Ernährung, Bewegung und Nikotinkarenz zur Prävention einer Osteoporose und von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen sind ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung.
Scale production of conductive cotton yarns by sizing process and its conductive mechanism
Authors: Liu Yixin , Li Zhen , Feng Yutong , Yao Juming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConductive yarn is an important component and connector of electronic and intelligent textiles, and with the development of high-performance and low-cost conductive yarns, it has attracted more attention. Herein, a simple, scalable sizing process was introduced to prepare the graphene-coated conductive cotton yarns. The electron conductive mechanism of fibers and yarns were studied by the percolation and binomial distribution theory, respectively. The conductive paths are formed due to the conductive fibers' contact with each other, and the results revealed that the connection probability of the fibers in the yarn (p) is proportional to the square of the fibers filling coefficient (φ) as p ∝ φ2. The calculation formula of the staple spun yarn resistance can be derived from this conclusion and verified by experiments, which further proves the feasibility of produce conductive cotton yarns by sizing process.
Experimental and simulation testing of an EGLC controller for an IAG-EGLC system for electrifying off-grid rural sites
Authors: Boora Shakuntla , Agarwal S. K. , Sandhu K. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The voltage support at consumer terminals is required in remote areas. This voltage support should be provided economically. In the manuscript, the study carried out emphasis on the designing methodology and hardware implementation of an electronic generator load controller (EGLC) for an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) feeding single-phase loads. The EGLC is build using the uncontrolled rectifier bridge, an IGBT based chopper switch with series connected dump load. The driving signals for the IGBT based chopper switch is generated using Pule Width Modulation PWM IC. The generator is providing power to the two loads connected in shunt across each other. The objective of the controller is to maintain constant load on the generator during the entire operation of the generator. The expected simulated outcomes are verified using a hardware model of the EGLC prototype developed for an IAG in the laboratory. The closeness of both the simulated and experimental results justified its application for the electrification of various off grid remote sites available in hilly areas.

Article Highlights

An EGLC Controller is designed, fabricated and tested in the laboratory for an IAG for voltage and frequency support.

The proposed controller maintains constant load on the generator irrespective of nature of varying load.

The prototype developed for an IAG-EGLC proves to be cost effective and can be proposed for electrification of off grid sites.
Povidone-iodine irrigation combined with Vancomycin powder lowers infection rates in pediatric deformity surgery
Authors: Roberto Rolando Figueroa , Rowan Flynn Andrew , Nallur Deepak , Durbin-Johnson Blythe , Javidan Yashar , Klineberg Eric Otto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infection is a morbid, devastating complication after spinal procedures. Studies have investigated the effect of wound lavage with 3.5% Povidone-iodine solution or the use of intrawound Vancomycin powder. We examined the effect of Povidone-iodine irrigation, intrawound Vancomycin powder, or a combination of both agents in a tertiary care Pediatric Hospital.

Methods
We queried our health system database for patients undergoing spinal surgery over an eight-year span between January 2008 and June 2016 and identified patient cohorts who received no intervention, intrawound Vancomycin alone, Povidone-iodine irrigation alone, or a combination of both agents. Infection rates were determined. The effect of treatment on outcome was analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Results
475 patients were identified who met study inclusion criteria. 88 non-neuromuscular patients received no intra-operative agent. The surgical site infection (SSI) rate in this group of patients was 10%. For the 194 non-neuromuscular scoliosis patients who received Povidone-iodine and Vancomycin powder, the infection rate was reduced to 0.7%. The SSI rate in the 180 non-neuromuscular patients who were treated with Vancomycin powder alone was 1.4%. 13 patients were treated with Povidone-iodine lavage only, with a small sample size precluding statistical comparison. Infection rate in the 132 neuromuscular disease patients decreased from 14 to 7% overall during this time span: while the odds ratio of infection was reduced in all neuromuscular treatment groups receiving intra-operative measures, statistical significance was not reached in any neuromuscular group studied.

Conclusions
A protocol using combined 3.5% weight/volume Povidone-iodine and Vancomycin powder was associated with the lowest infection rate in our non-neuromuscular patient population and should be considered as a low cost intervention in pediatric patients undergoing spinal deformity procedures.

Level of evidence
Level II.
The Role of ProBNP on Prognosis in Scorpion Stings
Authors: Güllü Ufuk Utku , İpek Sevcan , Dalkıran Tahir , Dinçer Serpil , Yurttutan Sadık , Aynacı Eser 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Scorpion stings are a major health problem with potentially fatal consequences. Children under the age of 10 y especially face a great risk. Predicting the prognosis is important in reducing mortality and morbidity because it enables the use of early treatment options. In this study, we examine the relationship between proBNP and prognosis in scorpion stings. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients aged ≤18 y who were admitted to the child emergency service with a scorpion sting. We examined the demographical data, clinical findings, laboratory records, treatments, and results of the patients. We classified stage 1 and stage 2 scorpion envenomation as group 1 (mild-moderate) and stage 3 and 4 as group 2 (severe). A t test was used for normally distributed data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonnormally distributed data. The correlation analysis was done using the Spearman test. Results There were 32 (74%) patients in the mild-moderate group and 11 (26%) in the severe group. ProBNP 1 was significantly higher in the severe group at admission ( P=0.016). There was no difference between the troponin I values ( P=0.051). ProBNP 2 (12th hour) and proBNP 3 (24th hour) were higher in the severe group ( P=0.001 and P=0.032, respectively). There was a negative correlation between proBNP and echocardiographic findings involving ejection fraction and shortening fraction (r=–0.703, P=0.002). Conclusions In our study, the first proBNP values were significantly higher in the severe group. This suggests that proBNP may be beneficial in predicting prognosis.
NEIGHBOURING PREDICTION FOR MORTALITY
Authors: Wang Chou-Wen , Zhang Jinggong , Zhu Wenjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a new neighbouring prediction model for mortality forecasting. For each mortality rate at age x in year t, mx,t, we construct an image of neighbourhood mortality data around mx,t, that is, Ꜫmx,t (x1, x2, s), which includes mortality information for ages in [x-x1, x+x2], lagging k years (1 ≤ k ≤ s). Combined with the deep learning model – convolutional neural network, this framework is able to capture the intricate nonlinear structure in the mortality data: the neighbourhood effect, which can go beyond the directions of period, age, and cohort as in classic mortality models. By performing an extensive empirical analysis on all the 41 countries and regions in the Human Mortality Database, we find that the proposed models achieve superior forecasting performance. This framework can be further enhanced to capture the patterns and interactions between multiple populations.
Mastoid cavity obliteration using bone pâté versus bioactive glass granules in the management of chronic otitis media (squamous disease): a prospective comparative study
Authors: Mishra A K , Mallick A , Galagali J R , Gupta A , Sethi A , Ghotra A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of bone pâté versus bioactive glass in mastoid obliteration.MethodThis randomised parallel groups study was conducted at a tertiary care centre between September 2017 and August 2019. Sixty-eight patients, 33 males and 35 females, aged 12–56 years, randomly underwent single-stage canal wall down mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration using either bone pâté (n= 35) or bioactive glass (n= 33), and were evaluated 12 months after the operation.ResultsA dry epithelised cavity (Merchant's grade 0 or 1) was achieved in 65 patients (95.59 per cent). Three patients (4.41 per cent) showed recidivism. The mean air–bone gap decreased to 16.80 ± 4.23 dB from 35.10 ± 5.21 dB pre-operatively. The mean Glasgow Benefit Inventory score was 30.02 ± 8.23. There was no significant difference between the two groups in these outcomes. However, the duration of surgery was shorter in the bioactive glass group (156.87 ± 7.83vs162.28 ± 8.74 minutes;p= 0.01).ConclusionThe efficacy of both materials was comparable.
Talk like an Egyptian? Epistemological problems with the synthesis of a vocal sound from the mummified remains of Nesyamun and racial designations in mummy studies
Authors: Matić Uroš 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper examines epistemological problems behind a recent study claiming to provide a synthesis of a vocal sound from the mummified remains of a man named Nesyamun and behind racial designations in Egyptian mummy studies more generally. So far, responses in the media and academia concentrated on the ethical problems of these studies, whereas their theoretical and methodological backgrounds have been rarely addressed or mentioned only in passing. It seems that the media reaction has targeted the synthesis of a sound rather than other, equally problematic, assumptions found in Egyptian mummy studies. By focusing on the epistemological problems, it will be demonstrated that the issues of greatest concern are endemic to a general state of a considerable part of the discipline of Egyptology and its unreflective engagement with the material remains of the past, especially human remains.
Possible Non‐Mare Lithologies in the Regolith at the Chang’E‐5 Landing Site: Evidence From Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Hou Xuting , Zhang Jiang , Li Bo , Ling Zongcheng , Jolliff Bradley L. , Xu Lin , Zou Yongliao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Chang’E‐5 (CE‐5) mission returned a total of 1,731 g of lunar regolith from the northern Oceanus Procellarum (NOP). Despite that the CE‐5 landing site is covered by Eratosthenian‐aged mare basalts, non‐mare lithologies might also have been collected owing to the lateral mixing introduced by nearby craters. Here we employed FeO and thorium abundance data obtained by the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer to investigate the chemical composition of the NOP region. Four major compositional groups (feldspathic highland materials, Imbrium basin ejecta, Aristarchus ejecta, and mare basalts) and several subgroups have been identified. Their corresponding geographical locations were constrained using an interactive scatter‐plot tool in ENVI® software. We also determined the first‐order mixing trends occurring within the NOP region as well as the CE‐5 landing site. Aristarchus crater may have contributed highly evolved materials to the CE‐5 site. Rock fragments derived from Aristarchus ejecta are important for the interpretation of magmatic differentiation and non‐mare volcanism on the Moon. We proposed that thorium enrichments of CE‐5 landing site are due to the geochemical nature of local mare basalts rather than impact mixing. Highland ejecta, along with mare basalts, would expand Apollo and Luna sample collection diversity.
Striatal dopaminergic alterations in individuals with copy number variants at the 22q11.2 genetic locus and their implications for psychosis risk: a [18F]-DOPA PET study
Authors: Rogdaki Maria , Devroye Céline , Ciampoli Mariasole , Veronese Mattia , Ashok Abhishekh H. , McCutcheon Robert A. , Jauhar Sameer , Bonoldi Ilaria , Gudbrandsen Maria , Daly Eileen , van Amelsvoort Therese , Van Den Bree Marianne , Owen Michael J. , Turkheimer Federico , Papaleo Francesco , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDopaminergic dysregulation is one of the leading hypotheses for the pathoetiology underlying psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Molecular imaging studies have shown increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC) in schizophrenia and people in the prodrome of psychosis. However, it is unclear if genetic risk for psychosis is associated with altered DSC. To investigate this, we recruited healthy controls and two antipsychotic naive groups of individuals with copy number variants, one with a genetic deletion at chromosome 22q11.2, and the other with a duplication at the same locus, who are at increased and decreased risk for psychosis, respectively. Fifty-nine individuals (21 with 22q11.2 deletion, 12 with the reciprocal duplication and 26 healthy controls) received clinical measures and [18F]-DOPA PET imaging to index striatal Kicer. There was an inverse linear effect of copy number variant number on striatal Kicer value (B = −1.2 × 10−3, SE = 2 × 10−4, p < 0.001), with controls showing levels intermediate between the two variant groups. Striatal Kicer was significantly higher in the 22q11.2 deletion group compared to the healthy control (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.44) and 22q11.2 duplication (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2) groups. Moreover, Kicer was positively correlated with the severity of psychosis-risk symptoms (B = 730.5, SE = 310.2, p < 0.05) and increased over time in the subject who went on to develop psychosis, but was not associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that genetic risk for psychosis is associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and identify dopamine synthesis as a potential target for treatment or prevention of psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion carriers.
Loss of CEP70 function affects acrosome biogenesis and flagella formation during spermiogenesis
Authors: Liu Qiang , Guo Qianying , Guo Wei , Song Shi , Wang Nan , Chen Xi , Sun Andi , Yan Liying , Qiao Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spermatogenesis process is complex and delicate, and any error in a step may cause spermatogenesis arrest and even male infertility. According to our previous transcriptomic data,CEP70is highly expressed throughout various stages of human spermatogenesis, especially during the meiosis and deformation stages. CEP70 is present in sperm tails and that it exists in centrosomes as revealed by human centrosome proteomics. However, the specific mechanism of this protein in spermatogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we found a heterozygous site of the same mutation onCEP70through mutation screening of patients with clinical azoospermia. To further verify, we deleted CEP70 in mice and found that it caused abnormal spermatogenesis, leading to male sterility. We found that the knockout of CEP70 did not affect the prophase of meiosis I, but led to male germ-cell apoptosis and abnormal spermiogenesis. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, we found that the deletion of CEP70 resulted in the abnormal formation of flagella and acrosomes during spermiogenesis. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the absence of CEP70 led to a significant decrease in the proteins associated with the formation of the flagella, head, and acrosome of sperm, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. Taken together, our results show that CEP70 is essential for acrosome biogenesis and flagella formation during spermiogenesis.
The genome of Nautilus pompilius illuminates eye evolution and biomineralization
Authors: Zhang Yang , Mao Fan , Mu Huawei , Huang Minwei , Bao Yongbo , Wang Lili , Wong Nai-Kei , Xiao Shu , Dai He , Xiang Zhiming , Ma Mingli , Xiong Yuanyan , Zhang Ziwei , Zhang Lvping , Song Xiaoyuan , Wang Fan , Mu Xiyu , Li Jun , Ma Haitao , Zhang Yuehuan , Zheng Hongkun , Simakov Oleg , Yu Ziniu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNautilus is the sole surviving externally shelled cephalopod from the Palaeozoic. It is unique within cephalopod genealogy and critical to understanding the evolutionary novelties of cephalopods. Here, we present a complete Nautilus pompilius genome as a fundamental genomic reference on cephalopod innovations, such as the pinhole eye and biomineralization. Nautilus shows a compact, minimalist genome with few encoding genes and slow evolutionary rates in both non-coding and coding regions among known cephalopods. Importantly, multiple genomic innovations including gene losses, independent contraction and expansion of specific gene families and their associated regulatory networks likely moulded the evolution of the nautilus pinhole eye. The conserved molluscan biomineralization toolkit and lineage-specific repetitive low-complexity domains are essential to the construction of the nautilus shell. The nautilus genome constitutes a valuable resource for reconstructing the evolutionary scenarios and genomic innovations that shape the extant cephalopods.
Real-world rogue wave probabilities
Authors: Häfner Dion , Gemmrich Johannes , Jochum Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRogue waves are dangerous ocean waves at least twice as high as the surrounding waves. Despite an abundance of studies conducting simulations or wave tank experiments, there is so far no reliable forecast for them. In this study, we use data mining and interpretable machine learning to analyze large amounts of observational data instead (more than 1 billion waves). This reveals how rogue wave occurrence depends on the sea state. We find that traditionally favored parameters such as surface elevation kurtosis, steepness, and Benjamin–Feir index are weak predictors for real-world rogue wave risk. In the studied regime, kurtosis is only informative within a single wave group, and is not useful for forecasting. Instead, crest-trough correlation is the dominating parameter in all studied conditions, water depths, and locations, explaining about a factor of 10 in rogue wave risk variation. For rogue crests, where bandwidth effects are unimportant, we find that skewness, steepness, and Ursell number are the strongest predictors, in line with second-order theory. Our results suggest that linear superposition in bandwidth-limited seas is the main pathway to “everyday” rogue waves, with nonlinear contributions providing a minor correction. This casts some doubt whether the common rogue wave definition as any wave exceeding a certain height threshold is meaningful in practice.
Radiation-free interlocking intramedullary nailing of three-hundred and seventy long bone fractures in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Adesina Stephen Adesope , Eyesan Samuel Uwale , Ikem Innocent Chiedu , Anipole Olalekan Akeem , Amole Isaac Olusayo , Akinwumi Akinsola Idowu , Bamigboye Philip Oluyemi , Durodola Adewumi Ojeniyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLong bone fracture care in developing countries remains largely different from that of the developed world where closed reduction and internal fixation with locked intramedullary nail is the standard treatment. This study in a developing country presents the pattern and outcome of treatment of 370 long bone fractures using the SIGN nail over a five-year period in order to underline the wide array of patients and fractures treatable with the nail. Using a prospective descriptive approach, all the 342 patients with 370 fractures of the humerus, femur and tibia treated from July 2014 to June 2019 were studied. The fractures were reduced without image intensifier or fracture table and fixed with the SIGN nail. Post-discharge, the patients were followed up at the out-patient clinic. The mean age of the patients was 43.45 years with a range of 10–99 years. Sixty-six percent were males who were mostly injured in motorcycle accidents. Femur, tibia and humerus fractures accounted for 59.7%, 28.4% and 11.9% respectively. Eighty-six percent were diaphyseal fractures, 73% were fresh and the main previous treatment was traditional bone setting. Deep infection occurred in 4.9%, 66.0% achieved knee flexion > 90° by sixth week, the majority achieved full weight bearing and could squat and smile by 12th week. The SIGN nail is versatile, useful for treating a wide range of fractures in most age groups particularly in developing countries where orthopaedic fractures are prevalent but the more sophisticated facilities are lacking or poorly maintained.
A synthetic RNA editing factor edits its target site in chloroplasts and bacteria
Authors: Royan Santana , Gutmann Bernard , Colas des Francs-Small Catherine , Honkanen Suvi , Schmidberger Jason , Soet Ashley , Sun Yueming Kelly , Vincis Pereira Sanglard Lilian , Bond Charles S. , Small Ian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMembers of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family act as specificity factors in C-to-U RNA editing. The expansion of the PPR superfamily in plants provides the sequence variation required for design of consensus-based RNA-binding proteins. We used this approach to design a synthetic RNA editing factor to target one of the sites in the Arabidopsis chloroplast transcriptome recognised by the natural editing factor CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS 19 (CLB19). We show that our synthetic editing factor specifically recognises the target sequence in in vitro binding assays. The designed factor is equally specific for the target rpoA site when expressed in chloroplasts and in the bacterium E. coli. This study serves as a successful pilot into the design and application of programmable RNA editing factors based on plant PPR proteins.