bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gradient-based framework for 3D print appearance optimization
Authors: Nindel Thomas Klaus , Iser Tomáš , Rittig Tobias , Wilkie Alexander , Křivánek Jaroslav 
Published: July 2021

In full-color inkjet 3D printing, a key problem is determining the material configuration for the millions of voxels that a printed object is made of. The goal is a configuration that minimises the difference between desired target appearance and the result of the printing process. So far, the techniques used to find such a configuration have relied on domain-specific methods or heuristic optimization, which allowed only a limited level of control over the resulting appearance.
We propose to use differentiable volume rendering in a continuous material-mixture space, which leads to a framework that can be used as a general tool for optimising inkjet 3D printouts. We demonstrate the technical feasibility of this approach, and use it to attain fine control over the fabricated appearance, and high levels of faithfulness to the specified target.
Applied AI matters: AI4Code
Authors: Talamadupula Kartik 
Published: July 2021

The marriage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to problems surrounding the generation, maintenance, and use of source code has come to the fore in recent years as an important AI application area1. A large chunk of this recent attention can be attributed to contemporaneous advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and sub-fields. The naturalness hypothesis, which states that "software is a form of human communication" and that code exhibits patterns that are similar to (human) natural languages (Devanbu, 2015; Hindle, Barr, Gabel, Su, & Devanbu, 2016), has allowed for the application of many of these NLP advances to code-centric usecases. This development has contributed to a spate of work in the community --- much of it captured in a survey by Allamanis, Barr, Devanbu, and Sutton (2018) that focuses on classifying these approaches by the type of probabilistic model applied to source code.
This increase in the variety of AI techniques applied to source code has found various manifestations in the industry at large. Code and software form the backbone that underpins almost all modern technical advancements: it is thus natural that breakthroughs in this area should reflect in the emergence of real world deployments.
Chemical Screen Identifies Diverse and Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Repressors of NUT Function: Implications for NUT Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Shiota Hitoshi , Alekseyenko Artyom A. , Wang Zhipeng A. , Filic Ivona , Knox Tatiana M. , Luong Nhi M. , Huang Yeying , Scott David A. , Jones Kristen L. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Lemieux Madeleine E. , Cole Philip A. , Kuroda Mitzi I. , French Christopher A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

NUT carcinoma (NC), characterized most commonly by the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion, is a rare, aggressive variant of squamous carcinoma with no effective treatment. BRD4-NUT drives growth and maintains the poorly differentiated state of NC by activating pro-growth genes such as MYC, through the formation of massive, hyperacetylated, superenhancer-like domains termed megadomains. BRD4-NUT–mediated hyperacetylation of chromatin is facilitated by the chromatin-targeting tandem bromodomains of BRD4, combined with NUT, which recruits the histone acetyltransferase, p300. Here, we developed a high-throughput small-molecule screen to identify inhibitors of transcriptional activation by NUT. In this dCAS9-based GFP-reporter assay, the strongest hits were diverse histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Two structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitors, panobinostat and the novel compound, IRBM6, both repressed growth and induced differentiation of NC cells in proportion to their inhibition of NUT transcriptional activity. These two compounds repressed transcription of megadomain-associated oncogenic genes, such as MYC and SOX2, while upregulating pro-differentiation, non-megadomain–associated genes, including JUN, FOS, and key cell-cycle regulators, such as CDKN1A. The transcriptional changes correlate with depletion of BRD4-NUT from megadomains, and redistribution of the p300/CBP-associated chromatin acetylation mark, H3K27ac, away from megadomains toward regular enhancer regions previously populated by H3K27ac. In NC xenograft models, we demonstrated that suppression of tumor growth by panobinostat was comparable with that of bromodomain inhibition, and when combined they improved both survival and growth suppression.

Implications:
The findings provide mechanistic and preclinical rationale for the use of HDAC inhibitors, alone or combined with other agents, in the treatment of NUT carcinoma.
Temporal Trends and Clinical Trial Characteristics Associated With the Inclusion of Women in Heart Failure Trial Steering Committees: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eliya Yousif , Whitelaw Sera , Thabane Lehana , Voors Adriaan A. , Douglas Pamela S. , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Trial steering committees (TSCs) steer the conduct of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We examined the gender composition of TSCs in impactful heart failure RCTs and explored whether trial leadership by a woman was independently associated with the inclusion of women in TSCs.

Methods:
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for heart failure RCTs published in journals with impact factor ≥10 between January 2000 and May 2019. We used the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to assess temporal trends and multivariable logistic regression to explore trial characteristics associated with TSC inclusion of women.

Results:

Of 403 RCTs that met inclusion criteria, 127 (31.5%) reported having a TSC but 20 of these (15.7%) did not identify members. Among 107 TSCs that listed members, 56 (52.3%) included women and 6 of these (10.7%) restricted women members to the RCT leaders. Of 1213 TSC members, 11.1% (95% CI, 9.4%–13.0%) were women, with no change in temporal trends (
P
=0.55). Women had greater odds of TSC inclusion in RCTs led by women (adjusted odds ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.05–8.72],
P
=0.042); this association was nonsignificant when analysis excluded TSCs that restricted women to the RCT leaders (adjusted odds ratio 1.46 [95% CI, 0.43–4.91],
P
=0.36).

Conclusions:
Women were included in 52.3% of TSCs and represented 11.1% of TSC members in 107 heart failure RCTs, with no change in trends since 2000. RCTs led by women had higher adjusted odds of including women in TSCs, partly due to the self-inclusion of RCT leaders in TSCs.
Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus Ticagrelor With Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With a High Risk of Ischemic Events
Authors: Lee Seung-Jun , Lee Yong-Joon , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong-Ki , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with a high risk of ischemia, the impact of ticagrelor monotherapy after short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods:
This post hoc analysis of the TICO trial (Ticagrelor Monotherapy After 3 Months in the Patients Treated With New Generation Sirolimus-Eluting Stent for Acute Coronary Syndrome) compared the impact of ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month DAPT versus ticagrelor-based 12-month DAPT in patients with high-ischemic risk ACS, defined as any of the following: number of stents implanted ≥3, total stent length >60 mm, complex procedures (chronic total occlusion, left main occlusion, or bifurcation plaques remedied using the 2-stent technique), or a history of diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Ischemic (composite of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, and target vessel revascularization) and bleeding outcomes (major bleeding) were evaluated at 12 months.

Results:

Of the total population (N=3056), 1473 (48.2%) patients were identified as having high-ischemic risk ACS. The rate of the ischemic outcome was significantly higher in high-ischemic risk ACS patients than in nonhigh-ischemic risk ACS patients (3.9% versus 1.9%, hazard ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.37–3.35],
P
=0.001). Furthermore, the risk of major bleeding (3.2% versus 1.5%, hazard ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.36–3.68],
P
=0.001) and the composite ischemic and bleeding outcome (6.6% versus 3.3%, hazard ratio, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.44–2.84],
P
<0.001) were also higher in the high-risk ACS population. In ACS patients with or without high-ischemic risk, the effect of ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month DAPT, as compared to that of 12-month DAPT, was consistent with ischemic (
P
int
=0.718), bleeding (
P
int
=0.092), and composite outcomes (
P
int
=0.094) without significant interactions.

Conclusions:
There were no significant heterogeneities in the impact of ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month DAPT compared with that of ticagrelor-based 12-month DAPT on clinical outcomes according to the presence of high-ischemic risk.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02494895.
Outcomes of Carotid Revascularization in the Treatment of Restenosis After Prior Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Elsayed Nadin , Ramakrishnan Ganesh , Naazie Isaac , Sheth Sharvil , Malas Mahmoud B. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is associated with an increased risk of ipsilateral stroke. The optimal procedural modality for this indication has yet to be determined. Here, we evaluate the in-hospital outcomes of transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR), redo-CEA, and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS) in a large contemporary cohort of patients who underwent treatment for restenosis after CEA.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients in the vascular quality initiative database who underwent TCAR, redo-CEA, or TFCAS after ipsilateral CEA between September 2016 and April 2020. Patients with prior ipsilateral CAS were excluded from this analysis. In-hospital outcomes following TCAR versus CEA and TCAR versus TFCAS were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 4425 patients were available for this analysis. There were 963 (21.8%) redo-CEA, 1786 (40.4%) TFCAS, and 1676 (37.9%) TCAR. TCAR was associated with lower odds of in-hospital stroke/death (odds ratio [OR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24–0.70],
P
=0.021), stroke (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.23–0.93],
P
=0.03), myocardial infarction (MI; OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.14–0.73],
P
=0.007), stroke/transient ischemic attack (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.24–0.74],
P
=0.002), and stroke/death/MI (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24–0.70],
P
=0.001) when compared with redo-CEA. There was no significant difference in the odds of death between the 2 groups (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.28–3.5],
P
=0.995). TCAR was also associated with lower odds of stroke/transient ischemic attack (OR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.18–0.74],
P
=0.005) when compared with TFCAS. There was no significant difference in the odds of stroke, death, MI, stroke/death, or stroke/death/MI between TCAR and TFCAS.

Conclusions:
TCAR was associated with significantly lower odds of in-hospital stroke, MI, stroke/transient ischemic attack, stroke/death, and stroke/death/MI when compared with redo-CEA and lower odds of in-hospital stroke/transient ischemic attack when compared with TFCAS. Additional long-term studies are warranted to establish the role of TCAR for the treatment of restenosis after CEA.
Feature engineering for subseasonal-to-seasonal warm-season precipitation forecasts in the Midwestern US: towards a unifying hypothesis of anomalous warm-season hydroclimatic circulation
Authors: Carter Elizabeth , Herrera Dimitris A. , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe literature has established dozens of potential predictive indices (PIs) of anomalous warm season precipitation in the Midwestern US that could have utility in subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts This analysis posits that these predictive indices relate to one of three “modes of action” that work in tandem to drive anomalous hydroclimatic circulation into the continental interior. These include contributions from the (1) geostrophic mass flux, (2) ageostrophic mass flux, and (3) atmospheric moisture supply, and represent semi-independent, interactive forcings on S2S precipitation variability. This study aggregates 24 PIs from the literature that are related to the three modes of action. Using an interpretable machine learning algorithm that accounts for non-linear and interactive responses in a noisy predictive space, we evaluate the relative importance of PIs in predicting S2S precipitation anomalies from March-September. Physical mechanisms driving PI skill are confirmed using composite analysis of atmospheric fields related to the three modes of action. In general, PIs associated with ageostrophic mass flux anomalies are important in early summer, while PIs associated with Atlantic-sourced atmospheric moisture supply are important in late summer. At a two month lead, PIs associated with continental-scale thermodynamic processes are more important relative to PIs associated with local convective phenomena. PIs representing geostrophic mass flux anomalies are also critical throughout the warm season, in real-time and at a 1-2 month lag, but particularly in during transitional months (spring/fall). Several new PIs describing zonal and meridional asymmetry in hemispherical thermal gradients emerge as highly important, with implications for both S2S forecasting and climate change.
“ENSO Influence on Western European summer and fall Temperatures”
Authors: Martija-Díez Maialen , Rodríguez-Fonseca Belén , López-Parages Jorge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn certain regions, such as Europe, the increase in global air-temperatures in the world is translated into more frequent extreme events. Recent studies suggest that the increasing intensity in heatwaves seems to be related to the interannual variability of the mean temperature, a finding that motivates the search for its possible predictability. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the principal predictor of global climate variability at interannual timescales. Its impact on the European climate has been deeply studied in relation to rainfall variability, but only a few studies exist that focus on its impact on temperature. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the interannual variability of maximum and minimum temperature in order to find some predictability and trends. To that end, we choose the western European region, which has experienced intense heatwaves and is also the main region of air temperature interannual variability in Europe. Our results indicate that the ENSO impact on temperatures over this region is non-linear and non-stationary. We have found the way in which, during the decades prior to 1980s, the increase in temperatures is related to La Niña in summer and to El Niño in fall during the decades after the 1980s, which shows a change in the seasonality of the impact. We study the dynamical mechanisms involved, which suggest a circumglobal response for summer and an arching-like teleconnection pattern in fall. The aforementioned warmer conditions in western European temperatures are found to be significantly correlated to ENSO characteristics of previous seasons, which suggests a potential source for improving the seasonal forecast.
Decomposing International Trade in Commercial Services
Authors: Roelfsema Hein , Findlay Christopher , Ye Xianjia 
Published: July 2021

To delve deeper into the rise of trade in commercial services as the most important determinant of the recent increase in digital trade, this article offers a decomposition of international service trade using the latest release of the Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) tables. The analysis decomposes international service trade into a split between (a) direct services exports and services embodied in goods, (b) advanced economies and the major emerging markets, and (c) the major commercial services industries. We show that overall direct service exports have become more important relative to services embodied in goods, especially in advanced economies (the ‘cross-border’ effect). Further, we show that for emerging markets, the rise of the exports of services comes from the increase in volume of export of goods, which embed services and not because of an increased share of services embodied in the domestic value of exported goods (the ‘embodied volume’ effect). Finally, we show that the increase in services trade can be attributed to the increase in traded information technology (IT) services and not so much to that in financial and business services that are increasingly traded digitally across borders (the ‘plain vanilla digitalisation’ effect). JEL Codes: F14, F15, G20
Explaining sentiment shifts in UN system annual reporting: a longitudinal comparison of UNHCR, UNRWA and IOM
Authors: Thorvaldsdottir Svanhildur , Patz Ronny 
Published: July 2021

Annual reports are a central element of international bureaucracies' accountability communication to member states and other stakeholders. Most UN system bureaucracies produce reports of significant length and detail. International agencies use these reports to draw attention to particular challenges or successes. Hitting the right tone with their diverse stakeholders is crucial to maintain continued support. UN agencies do so by employing differentiated sentiment-loaded language alongside factual reporting. We argue that agencies' operational focus, administrative structures and resource mobilization needs have a significant impact on how they use sentiment to communicate with different stakeholder groups. Drawing on a dictionary-based sentiment analysis of three text corpora of annual reports produced by three UN system agencies—UNRWA (reports published from 1951 to 2019), UNHCR (1953–2019) and IOM (2000–2019)—we show a general trend toward increased positive sentiment use across all three agencies, coinciding with a period of stronger donor orientation. At the same time, we find a more volatile and agency-specific use of negative sentiment in response to field-level challenges that are communicated to stakeholders in line with agencies' evolving mandates. Through a text-as-data perspective, this contribution enhances our comparative understanding of the diverse and context-dependent language of international bureaucracies. Points for practitioners Reading UN agency reporting, practitioners need to be aware of the constraints and incentives that international bureaucrats face—notably operational focus, administrative structures and resource needs—that drive tone differences across reports and over time.
Postoperative Urinary Retention Following General Anesthesia for Endoscopic Nasal Surgery in Men Aged Older Than 60 Years: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lee Yong Won , Kim Bum Sik , Chung Jihyun 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is influenced by many factors, and its reported incidence rate varies widely. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors for urinary retention following general anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery in male patients aged >60 years. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records between January 2015 and December 2019 identified 253 patients for inclusion in our study. Age, body mass index (BMI), a history of diabetes/hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and urologic history were included as patient-related factors. Urologic history was subdivided into 3 groups according to history of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and current medication. The following was analyzed as perioperative variables for POUR development: duration of anesthesia and surgery; amount of fluid administered; rate of fluid administration; intraoperative requirement for fentanyl, ephedrine, and dexamethasone; postoperative pain; and analgesic use. Preoperatively measured prostate size and uroflowmetry parameters of patients on medication for symptoms were compared according to the incidence of urinary retention. Results: Thirty-seven (15.7%) patients developed POUR. Age (71.4 vs 69.6 years), BMI (23.9 vs 24.9 kg/m2), a history of diabetes/hypertension, ASA classification, and perioperative variables were not significantly different between patients with and without POUR. Only urologic history was identified as a factor affecting the occurrence of POUR ( P = .03). The incidence rate among patients without urologic issues was 5.9%, whereas that among patients with BPH/LUTS history was 19.8%. Among patients taking medication for symptoms, the maximal and average velocity of urine flow were significantly lower in patients with POUR. Conclusions: General anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery may be a potent trigger for urinary retention in male patients aged >60 years. The patient’s urological history and urinary conditions appear to affect the occurrence of POUR.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Paranasal Sinus Cancer Disease‐Specific and Conditional Survival
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Del Signore Anthony , Govindaraj Satish , Iloreta Alfred , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Gudis David A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveSocioeconomic status (SES) is often used to quantify social determinants of health. This study uses the National Cancer Institute SES index to examine the effect of SES on disease‐specific survival and 5‐year conditional disease‐specific survival (CDSS; the change in life expectancy with increasing survivorship) in paranasal sinus cancerStudy DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingNational Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program.MethodsA study of adults with sinus cancer between 1973 and 2015 was performed. The Yost index, a census tract–level composite score of SES, was used to categorize patients. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression for disease‐specific survival were stratified by SES. CDSS was calculated with simplified models. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for advanced stage at diagnosis, multimodal therapy, and diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsThere were 3437 patients analyzed. In Cox models adjusting for patient‐specific factors, the lowest SES tertile exhibited worse mortality (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.39; P <. 01). After addition of treatment and pathology, SES was not significant (P =. 07). The lowest SES tertile was more often diagnosed at later stages (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.06; P <. 01). For those with regional/distant disease, the middle tertile (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.90; P <. 01) and lowest tertile (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.91; P <. 01) were less likely to receive multimodal therapy. SES tertiles primarily affected 5‐year CDSS for regional/distant disease. CDSS for all stages converged over time.ConclusionLower SES is associated with worse outcomes in paranasal sinus cancer. Research should be devoted toward understanding factors that contribute to such disparities, including tumor pathology and treatment course.