bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment and Field Case Study on Oil/Natural Gas Explosion during High-Pressure Air Injection Process
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Wang Yu , Zhang Liang , Pei Shufeng , Zhang Zhe , Su Yuliang , Ren Shaoran 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Air injection techniques have been widely applied in oil fields, but the associated safety issue of natural gas (NG) and oil explosion has been of great concern. In this study, explosion experiments of different NG compositions were conducted under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions (up to 15 MPa and 373 K) to reveal the necessary conditions for gas explosion in the air injection process. The experimental results indicate that the lower flammability limits (LFLs) and upper flammability limits (UFLs) of NGs change logarithmically with increasing pressure, which can significantly increase the explosion risk. The rise of temperature can also expand the flammability limit range. Based on the mechanisms and necessary conditions for NG and oil component explosion, fault tree analysis (FTA) models for explosion occurring during the air injection process were proposed that can provide valuable guidelines for designing anti-explosion procedures for field applications. Several explosion incidents that have occurred in air injection operations in different oil reservoirs are described, and the explosion mechanisms are analyzed. NG explosion can occur during air injection when NG is the main component present in the gas phase that can mix with air to form a combustible gas. For heavy oils with little NG, autoignited explosion of vaporized oil components can be the main reason for the incidents during the steam and air coinjection process because the autoignition temperature of heavy oil can be greatly reduced at high pressure.
Is Titanium Drillpipe Applicable to Offshore Drilling? A Question from a Corrosion Fatigue Perspective
Authors: Yu Hao , Mou Yisheng , Lian Zhanghua , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2021

Summary
In offshore horizontal well drilling, one of the major challenges is the large dogleg severity in the buildup section due to the shallow depth of reservoirs. In such a case, the drillstring has to bend itself to fit the borehole trajectory and suffers greatly from the high alternating stress while rotary drilling. This could lead to fatigue fracture of the drillpipe within a short period. The corrosion from drilling mud may exacerbate the failure risk. Titanium alloy, as a new drillpipe material, has the characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus, which can theoretically extend the fatigue life. To study the performance of titanium alloy drillpipe quantitatively, titanium alloy material, and G105 steel of the same grade are compared to obtain the microscopic characteristics and macroscopic properties through experimental tests. Moreover, the mechanism of passive film formation of the two materials is analyzed in the corrosion fatigue (CF) environment. Then, the experimental results are extended to modeling the actual drillstring assembly and simulating its service life in the field practice of offshore drilling. Our numerical results indicated that the titanium alloy drillpipe has much better corrosion resistance but only half the stress level of G105 steel under the same dogleg severity and axial force, which makes its fatigue life over 23 times longer. Eventually an economic appraisal is given by considering the full-service life of the drillpipe. The research results of this paper can provide a detailed theoretical basis and reference for field application and can popularize the use of titanium alloy drillpipe.
Role Models as a Factor Influencing Career Choice Among Female Surgical Residents inSaudi Arabia
Authors: Harun Rawan , Almustafa Reem , AlKhalifah Zainab , Namazi Abdullah , Albaqami Abdalmohsen , Alsaleh Nora , Kadi Mai , Farsi Ali , Malibary Nadim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and purposeRole models in the medical field are professional and experienced persons whose actions unconsciously inspire juniors to strive to be like them. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether having a female surgical role model has influenced women to pursue a surgical career in Saudi Arabia. Hence, we sought to evaluate the effect of having a female surgical role model and the presence of female surgeons on female surgical residents and their choice of surgery as a career.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional, survey- based study design, conducted between June 2020 and January 2021, in which female surgical residents completed a questionnaire on their perceptions and influence of role models in general surgery specialty at the time they pursuit a career in surgery.ResultsA total of 51 respondents (78.5%) completed the questionnaire. The majority of them (78.4%) had a role model and (19.6%) indicated that their role model was a female. Of those who had a role model, (67.5%) agreed that they had a positive influence on their surgical career choice. Clinical and operation skills were reported as the most important factor to be considered about role models. Working directly with a male surgical consultant and female surgical residents left a positive influence but this did not reach a statistical significance.ConclusionPersonal exposure to role models can have a positive influence on female surgical residents in choosing a surgical career. provide a appropriate role models as well as formal mentorship programs are warranted, that would allow female trainees to interact with senior surgeon mentors, thereby drawing attention to the field of surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Linking Future Hydroclimatological Changes With Past Climatic Conditions In Southeastern Iran: Insights From Models And Observations
Authors: Vaezi Alireza , Routh Joyanto , Rana Arun , Nasseri Mohsen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We compare the predicted results of future hydrological changes based on a thirty-year (1989-2019) weather dataset with paleoclimatic changes inferred based on established proxies from the Jazmurian playa in southeastern Iran. Parallels between expected changes in the future were compared to past climatic conditions to trace the impact this region has undergone in the distant past. The study area is affected by the Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon (IOSM) and the Mid-Latitude Westerlies (MLW). The maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were predicted for the future (2061- 2080) by statistical downscaling outputs of 5 GCM models (EC-EARTH, GFDL-CM3, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, MPI-ESM-MR) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results show that the 20-years average of the mean temperatures ((Tmax + Tmin)/2) will increase in the range of 3.2 to 4.6 °C under RCP 8.5 compared to the base period. The trends suggest that the region will experience drier conditions than the baseline period in the future under both scenarios. In addition, the GCM predicts a considerable decline in MLW precipitation and little change in future IOSM precipitation under both scenarios compared to the baseline. The decrease in MLW precipitation is consistent with other GCM predictions and real paleoclimatic changes that happened during past warm/wet periods in the region. However, considering the close relationship between the increase in the Earth’s radiation budget and enhanced IOSM precipitation in southeast Iran since the late Pleistocene, we postulate that more intensive IOSM activity can be expected in the future.
Potential interaction between sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome and effect on the 6-month clinical outcomes: A preliminary secondary analysis of a prospective observational study
Authors: Okazaki Tomoya , Kawakami Daisuke , Fujitani Shigeki , Shinohara Natsuyo , Kawakita Kenya , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The effect of the interaction between sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the clinical outcomes is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the potential interaction between the two conditions on mortality and the occurrence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS).

Methods

This secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study included patients who were expected to receive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h. Patients were stratified based on the incidence of sepsis and further subdivided according to the presence of ARDS. The primary endpoints for patients whose follow-up information was available included mortality (n=162) and the occurrence of PICS (n=96) at six months. The diagnosis of PICS was based on any of the following criteria: (1) decrease ≥ 10 points in the physical component score of the 36-item Short Form (SF36) questionnaire; (2) decrease ≥ 10 points in the mental component score of the SF-36; or (3) decline in the Short Memory Questionnaire (SMQ) score and SMQ score < 40 at six months after ICU admission. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the effect of the potential interaction between ARDS and sepsis on the 6-month clinical outcomes.

Result

The mortality in the ARDS sub-group was higher than that in the non-ARDS subgroup [47% (7/15) versus 21% (18/85)] in the non-sepsis group. However, the mortality in the ARDS and non-ARDS subgroups was similar in the sepsis group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that ARDS was significantly associated with mortality in the non-sepsis group (adjusted OR: 5.25; 95% CI: 1.45–19.09; p = 0.012), but not in the sepsis group (P-value for the interaction=0.087). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed ARDS was not associated with PICS occurrence in the non-sepsis and sepsis groups (P-value for the interaction=0.039).

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that the effect of ARDS on the 6-month outcomes depended on the presence or absence of sepsis. The findings of this hypothesis-generating study should be validated by future studies.
Volatile and Dissolved Organic Carbon Sources Have Distinct Effects on Microbial Activity, Nitrogen Content, and Bacterial Communities in Soil.
Authors: McBride Steven Glynn , Osburn Ernest D , Lucas Jane L , Simpson Julia S , Brown Taylor , Barrett John E , Strickland Michael S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Variation in microbial use of soil carbon compounds is a major driver of biogeochemical processes and microbial community composition. Available carbon substrates in soil include both low molecular weight dissolved organic carbon (LMW-DOC), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To compare the effects of LMW-DOC and VOCs on soil chemistry and microbial communities under different moisture regimes, we performed a microcosm experiment with five levels of soil water content (ranging from 25-70% water-holding capacity) and five levels of carbon amendment: a no carbon control, two dissolved compounds (glucose and oxalate), and two volatile compounds (methanol and α-pinene). Microbial activity was measured throughout as soil respiration; at the end of the experiment, we measured extractable soil organic carbon and total extractable nitrogen and characterized prokaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing. All C amendments increased microbial activity, and all except oxalate decreased total extractable nitrogen. Likewise, individual phyla responded to specific C amendments – e.g., Proteobacteria increased under addition of glucose, and both VOCs. Further, we observed an interaction between moisture and C amendment, where both VOC treatments had higher microbial activity than LMW-DOC treatments and controls at low moisture. Across moisture and C treatments, we identified that Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were strong predictors of microbial activity, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Thaumarcheota strongly predicted soil extractable nitrogen. These results indicate that the type of labile C source available to soil prokaryotes can influence both microbial diversity and ecosystem function and that VOCs may drive microbial functions and composition under low moisture conditions.
On the stability of spinning asteroids
Authors: Persson Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most asteroids with a diameter larger than ∼ 300 m are rubble piles i.e. consisting of more than one solid object. All asteroids are rotating but almost all asteroids larger than ∼ 300 m rotate with a period longer than 2.3 hours, which is the critical period where the centrifugal force equals the gravitational force. This indicates that there are nearly no adhesive interaction forces between the asteroid fragments. We show that this is due to the surface roughness of the asteroid particles which reduces the van der Waals interaction between the particles by a factor of 100 for micrometer sized particles and even more for larger particles. We show that surface roughness results in an interaction force which is independent of the size of the particles, in contrast to the linear size dependency expected for particles with smooth surfaces. Thus, two stone fragments of size 100 nm attract each other with the same non-gravitational force as two fragments of size 10 m.
Microsurgical clipping of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: complications and risk factors for complications
Authors: METAYER Thomas , Leclerc Arthur , Borha Alin , Derrey Stephane , Langlois Olivier , Barbier Charlotte , Aldea Sorin , guerinel Caroline le , Piotin Michel , Vivien Denis , Briant Anaïs R. , Emery Evelyne , Gaberel Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective

Middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAas) with rupture and unruptured IAs are considered good candidates for microsurgery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk of complications and the risk factors for microsurgical treatment of MCAas to better define the indications for microsurgery.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on data provided from three French tertiary neurosurgical units from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2020. We first collected data on all the patients who required microsurgical treatment for MCAas. We evaluated the frequency of complications and finally searched for the risk factors for complications after microsurgery. Complications were defined as a composite criterion with the presence of one of the following: procedural-related death, symptomatic cerebral ischemia, impossible exclusion, incomplete exclusion, or (re)bleeding of the treated aneurysm and symptomatic surgical site hematoma. We then compared patients with and without complications using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results

Between January 2013 and May 2020, 292 MCAas in 284 patients were treated. A total of 29 (9.9%) MCAas had a complication. The complications were as follows: symptomatic cerebral ischemia: 4.8%, aneurysm rebleeding: 0.3%, surgical site hematoma: 1.0%, impossible exclusion: 0.3%, and incomplete exclusion: 4.1%. However, severe complications, defined as death or a modified Rankin score (mRs) score ≥4 at 3 months, were infrequent and occurred in 7/292 patients (2.4%). In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for complications were the following: a ruptured aneurysm, a larger maximum IA size, a larger neck size, and arterial branches passing less than <1 mm from the IA neck or dome.
Conclusions

MCAa surgery is a safe procedure with a low rate of serious procedure-related complications and an excellent rate of occlusion. The risk factors for complications are a ruptured aneurysm, a larger IA, a larger neck size, and the presence of an “en passage” arterial branch less than 1 mm from the IA. In these cases, at least for factors that do not present a significant difficulty for EVT, such as the presence of an “en passage” artery or ruptured IA, EVT has to be more thoroughly discussed.
Efficacy And Safety of Ramucirumab and Docetaxel In Previously Treated Patients With Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kawachi Hayato , Tamiya Motohiro , Matsumoto Kinnosuke , Tamiya Akihiro , Yanase Takafumi , Tanizaki Satoshi , Kumagai Toru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: Ramucirumab plus docetaxel therapy (RAM/DOC) is currently the standard for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), irrespective of histology. However, the safety data of anti-angiogenic agents for squamous cell NSCLC (Sq) is lacking, with a higher reported rate of severe hemoptysis in a clinical trial setting. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to confirm the efficacy and safety of RAM/DOC for Sq in real-world settings.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent RAM/DOC at four institutions. Clinical data on the initiation of RAM/DOC were collected from medical records. Treatment outcomes of RAM/DOC were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Results: Overall, 237 patients with NSCLC were included and 38 (16%) had squamous cell carcinoma. There were no significant differences in median progression-free survival and overall survival between Sq and non-Sq patients (5.8 months vs. 4.3 months, P=0.0937; 15.2 months vs. 13.4 months, P=0.714, respectively). Of all patients, 13 (5%) developed pulmonary hemorrhage. According to histology, there was no significant difference in pulmonary hemorrhage proportion between Sq and non-Sq cohorts (2/38 vs. 11/199, respectively, P=0.947).Conclusion: For previously treated patients with Sq, efficacy and safety data of RAM/DOC were confirmed in a real-world setting and were similar to non-Sq. Ramucirumab is the only vascular endothelial growth factor-blocker available for Sq.
Predictors of Non-invasive Ventilation Response Do Not Indicate Response to High Flow Nasal Oxygen: A Bicentric Observational Study.
Authors: Hermann Alexander , Lauschke-Leberfinger Lena-Franziska , Auer Johann , Steiner Irene , Ristl Robin , Schellongowski Peter , Bojic Andja , Robak Oliver , Traby Ludwig , Staudinger Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), predicting chance of response is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary delay of intubation. Whether commonly used predictors of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) response may be as applicable for HFNO, is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective bi-centric analysis of adults treated with HFNO in two Austrian medical intensive care units from 01/2014 until 09/2017. Predictive value of respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, ROX index, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III was analysed by means of logistic regression with HFNO responding as dependent variable. Calculations were also done separately in patients receiving HFNO as post-extubation support (Group A) and all other indications (Group B). ResultsWe registered 127 patients (m:f = 70:57, median age: 67 [IQR 53-77] years). Forty-eight patients (37.8%) received HFNO as post-extubation support and were assigned to group A. Seventy-nine patients (62.2%) received HFNO due to any other indication and were assigned to group B. Criteria of HFNO response were fulfilled by 42 patients (87.5%) of group A and 53 (67.1%) of group B patients.Whereas respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III did not differ between responders and non-responders, ROX index showed significant association with HFNO success in all patients. With increasing ROX index, the odds for response increased (OR [95% CI]: baseline: 1.21 [1.05, 1.38], p = 0.0069, after 2 hours: 1.19 [1.05; 1.34], p = 0.0061, after 6 hours: 1.23 [1.06; 1.42], p = 0.0049). Subgroup analyses revealed similar odds ratios for ROX index (baseline: group A: 1.17 [0.90; 1.52], p = 0.24; group B: 1.22 [1.04; 1.43], p = 0.015; after 2 hours: 1.30 [0.94; 1.82], p = 0.12, group B: 1.18 [1.03; 1.34], p = 0.014; after 6 hours: 1.76 [1.01; 3.06], p = 0.047, group B: 1.19 [1.03; 1.37], p = 0.022). ConclusionsCriteria of HFNO success deviate from criteria for response to NIV. ROX index indicated HFNO response in a wide range of indications.
HIV-1 persistence in lymph node T follicular helper cells (TFH) is mitigated by functional virus-specific T cell responses during hyperacute-treated HIV-1 infection
Authors: Baiyegunhi Omolara , Mann Jaclyn , Khaba Trevor , Nkosi Thandeka , Mbatha Anele , Ogunshola Funsho , Chasara Caroline , Ismail Nasreen , Ngubane Thandekile , Jajbhay Ismail , Pansegrouw Johan , Dong Krista , Walker Bruce , Ndung’u Thumbi , Ndhlovu Zaza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
HIV persistence in tissue sites despite ART is a major barrier to HIV cure. Detailed studies of HIV infected cells and immune responses in native lymph node (LN) tissue environment is critical for gaining insight into immune mechanisms impacting HIV persistence and clearance in tissue sanctuary sites. We compared HIV persistence and HIV-specific T cell responses in LN biopsies obtained from 14 individuals who initiated therapy in Fiebig stages I/II, 5 persons treated (Tx) in Fiebig stages III-V and 17 late Tx individuals who initiated ART in Fiebig VI and beyond. Using multicolor immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization, HIV RNA and/or protein was detected in 12 of 14 Fiebig I/II Tx persons who were on suppressive therapy for 1 to 55 months, while all late Tx persons had persistent antigens. CXCR3+T follicular helper T cells harbored the greatest amounts of gag mRNA transcripts. Notably, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells responses associated with lower HIV antigen burden in LNs, suggesting that these responses may contribute to HIV suppression in LNs during therapy. These results reveal HIV persistence despite the initiation of ART in hyperacute infection and highlight the contribution of virus-specific responses to HIV suppression in tissue sanctuaries during suppressive ART.
5-year Recurrence Prediction After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning and Cox Regression Models: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Shi Hon-Yi , Lee King-The , Chiu Chong-Chi , Wang Jhi-Joung , Sun Ding-Ping , Lee Hao-Hsien 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRisk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after surgical resection is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was 5-year recurrence prediction after HCC resection using deep learning and Cox regression models.MethodsThis study recruited 520 HCC patients who had undergone surgical resection at three medical centers in southern Taiwan between April, 2011, and December, 2015. Two popular deep learning algorithms: a deep neural network (DNN) model and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model and a Cox proportional hazard (CPH) regression model were designed to solve both classification problems and regression problems in predicting HCC recurrence. A feature importance analysis was also performed to identify confounding factors in the prediction of HCC recurrence in patients who had undergone resection.ResultsAll performance indices for the DNN model were significantly higher than those for the RNN model and the traditional CPH model (p<0.001). The most important confounding factor in 5-year recurrence after HCC resection was surgeon volume followed by, in order of importance, hospital volume, preoperative Beck Depression Scale score, preoperative Beck Anxiety Scale score, co-residence with family, tumor stage, and tumor size. ConclusionsThe DNN model is useful for early baseline prediction of 5-year recurrence after HCC resection. Its prediction accuracy can be improved by further training with temporal data collected from treated patients. The feature importance analysis performed in this study to investigate model interpretability provided important insights into the potential use of deep learning models for predicting recurrence after HCC resection and for identifying predictors of recurrence.