Changes in demographics, clinical practices and long-term outcomes of patients with ST segment-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent coronary revascularisation in the past two decades: cohort study
Authors: Takeji Yasuaki , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Taniguchi Ryoji , Mutsumura-Nakano Yukiko , Yamamoto Ko , Yamaji Kyohei , Tazaki Junichi , Kato Eri Toda , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Yamamoto Erika , Yamashita Yugo , Fuki Masayuki , Suwa Satoru , Inoko Moriaki , Takeda Teruki , Shirotani Manabu , Ehara Natsuhiko , Ishii Katsuhisa , Inada Tsukasa , Tamura Toshihiro , Onodera Tomoya , Shinoda Eiji , Yamamoto Takashi , Watanabe Hiroki , Yaku Hidenori , Nakatsuma Kenji , Sakamoto Hiroki , Ando Kenji , Soga Yoshiharu , Furukawa Yutaka , Sato Yukihito , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kadota Kazushige , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Minatoya Kenji , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in demographics, clinical practices and long-term clinical outcomes of patients with ST segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before and beyond 2010.DesignMulticentre retrospective cohort study.SettingThe Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) AMI Registries Wave-1 (2005–2007, 26 centres) and Wave-2 (2011–2013, 22 centres).Participants9001 patients with STEMI who underwent coronary revascularisation (Wave-1: 4278 patients, Wave-2: 4723 patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause death at 3 years. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, cardiac death, sudden cardiac death, non-cardiovascular death, non-cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure, major bleeding, target vessel revascularisation, ischaemia-driven target vessel revascularisation, any coronary revascularisation and any ischaemia-driven coronary revascularisation.ResultsPatients in Wave-2 were older, more often had comorbidities and more often presented with cardiogenic shock than those in Wave-1. Patients in Wave-2 had shorter onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time, were more frequently implanted drug-eluting stents, and received guideline-directed medication than those in Wave-1. The cumulative 3-year incidence of all-cause death was not significantly different between Wave-1 and Wave-2 (15.5% and 15.7%, p=0.77). The adjusted risk of all-cause death in Wave-2 relative to Wave-1 was not significant at 3 years (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03, p=0.14), but lower beyond 30 days (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98, p=0.03). The adjusted risks of Wave-2 relative to Wave-1 were significantly lower for definite stent thrombosis (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81, p=0.001) and for any coronary revascularisation (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.81, p<0.001), but higher for major bleeding (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.51, p=0.005).ConclusionsWe could not demonstrate improvement in 3-year mortality risk from Wave-1 to Wave-2, but we found reduction in mortality risk beyond 30 days. We also found risk reduction for definite stent thrombosis and any coronary revascularisation, but an increase in the risk of major bleeding from Wave-1 to Wave-2.