bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An historical instance of urban unsustainability that astounds to this day
Authors: Mella Piero , Gazzola Patrizia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to present how the interaction between the micro behaviours of individual families and the collective macro behaviour of the city of Pavia produced a unique historical phenomenon that, on the one hand, has amazed Italy and the whole world for its striking number of towers and on the other represents a clear example of urban housing unsustainability in the Middle Ages. In the paper, using a simulation software, the micro and macro effects of the accumulation of towers in the city of Pavia are shown. The study of the behaviour of collectivities has been a very complex subject of analysis and for this reason, a fascinating and interesting one as well. To understand, explain and, to a certain extent, control collective phenomena, the Theory of Combinatory Systems was recently formalized. This theory describes, interprets and simulates the most relevant collective phenomena and their observable effects. With the aid of a simple probabilistic combinatory automaton, we have simulated the dynamics of the formation of the towered town of Pavia, Italy, which is unique in all the world, as can be observed in the historical descriptions or by a visit to this ancient Italian town.
Editorial: Let's talk about P(ee)
Authors: Mayer Brooke K. 
Published: April 2021

Practitioner points

Phosphorus recycling and reuse are imperative, and the water industry has an important role to play in this effort.
Technologies capable of removing phosphorus to ultra‐low levels and subsequent recovery for phosphorus reuse are needed.
Inorganic ion exchange resins and organic bioadsorbents are promising for phosphorus removal and recovery as part of the waste‐to‐resource paradigm.
$$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$-deformed nonlinear Schrödinger
Authors: Ceschin Paolo , Conti Riccardo , Tateo Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed classical Lagrangian of a 2D Lorentz invariant theory can be derived from the original one, perturbed only at first order by the bare $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

composite field, through a field-dependent change of coordinates. Considering, as an example, the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) model with generic potential, we apply this idea to non-relativistic models. The form of the deformed Lagrangian contains a square-root and is similar but different from that for relativistic bosons. We study the deformed bright, grey and Peregrine’s soliton solutions. Contrary to naive expectations, the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

-perturbation of nonlinear Schrödinger NLS with quartic potential does not trivially emerge from a standard non-relativistic limit of the deformed sinh-Gordon field theory. The c → ∞ outcome corresponds to a different type of irrelevant deformation. We derive the corresponding Poisson bracket structure, the equations of motion and discuss various interesting aspects of this alternative type of perturbation, including links with the recent literature.
Prävalenz der Hypophosphatasie bei adulten Patienten in der Rheumatologie
Authors: Karakostas P. , Dolscheid-Pommerich R. , Hass M. D. , Weber N. , Brossart P. , Schäfer V. S. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine genetische Erkrankung, die durch eine oder mehrere Mutationen im Gen für alkalische Phosphatase (ALP) verursacht wird, verantwortlich für die Kodierung der gewebespezifischen ALP und für den Mineralisierungsprozess.

Ziel der Arbeit
Bestimmung der Prävalenz der HPP bei rheumatologischen Patienten.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse der Krankenakten aller erwachsener Patienten mit pathologisch erniedrigten gesamt ALP-Werten (<35 U/l), die zwischen Januar 2017 und Juni 2019 in der Rheumatologie der Medizinischen Klinik III am Universitätsklinikum Bonn behandelt wurden. Die Analyse wurde in Bezug auf klinische Zeichen sowie auf die Ergebnisse der Gentests für HPP untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Bei 60 von 2289 Patienten (2,62 %) zeigten sich pathologisch niedrige ALP-Werte, bei 30 von ihnen (1,31 %) wurden persistierend niedrige ALP-Werte festgestellt. Bei 19 dieser 30 Patienten wurde ein Gentest für ALP-Genmutationen durchgeführt. Sieben der 19 Patienten (36,84 %) hatten HPP-Zeichen (Insuffizienzfrakturen oder schlechter Zahnstatus seit der Kindheit), alle mit pathologischer ALP-Mutation. Drei dieser Patienten (15,78 %) hatten jeweils eine Insuffizienzfraktur mit normwertiger Knochendichtemessung in der Vorgeschichte. Insgesamt 13 von 19 Patienten wiesen (68,42 %) Mutationen im ALP-Gen auf. Interessanterweise wurde keine Assoziation mit einer Chondrokalzinose festgestellt.

Diskussion
Die HPP scheint eine unterdiagnostizierte Erkrankung mit einem höheren Anteil betroffener Patienten, welche in der Rheumatologie vorstellig werden, zu sein. Daher sollten zukünftige Studien darauf abzielen, ein Diagnostikprotokoll in der klinischen Praxis zu entwickeln.
How Does Temperament in Toddlers at Elevated Likelihood for Autism Relate to Symptoms of Autism and ADHD at Three Years of Age?
Authors: Konke Linn Andersson , Forslund Tommie , Nilsson-Jobs Elisabeth , Nyström Pär , Falck-Ytter Terje , Brocki Karin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study investigated longitudinal associations between parent-rated temperament, observed exuberance and accelerometer activity level at 18-months and symptoms of ASD and ADHD at 36-months in a sample of 54 children at elevated likelihood for ASD. For the specific parent-rated temperament scales, most observed significant associations appeared to be specific for either ASD or ADHD symptoms. Indeed, by controlling for overlapping symptoms a different pattern of associations emerged. These results illustrate how temperamental measures may signal risk for later ASD versus ADHD symptomatology in infants at elevated likelihood for ASD. In addition, they indicate the potential of adopting a broader view on neurodevelopmental disorders by investigating not only ASD traits, but also co-occurring disorders such as ADHD in samples of elevated likelihood for ASD.
The impact of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis in metabolically compromised humans: A systematic review
Authors: van Hulten Veerle , van Meijel Rens L. J. , Goossens Gijs H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHumans living at a higher altitude are less prone to suffer from impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which might at least partly be explained by lower oxygen availability at higher altitudes. The present systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the current literature on the effects of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis in metabolically compromised humans. Several databases were searched up to August 10th, 2020. The search strategy identified 368 unique records. Following assessment for eligibility based on the selection criteria, 16 studies were included in this review. Six studies (2 controlled studies; 4 uncontrolled studies) demonstrated beneficial effects of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis, while 10 studies (8 controlled studies; 2 uncontrolled studies) reported no improvement in glucose homeostasis following hypoxia exposure. Notably, passive hypoxia exposure seemed to improve glucose homeostasis, whereas hypoxic exercise training (2–8 weeks) appeared to have no additional/synergistic effects on glucose homeostasis compared to normoxia exposure. Due to the heterogeneity in study populations and intervention duration (acute studies / 2–8 wks training), it is difficult to indicate which factors may explain conflicting study outcomes. Moreover, these results should be interpreted with some caution, as several studies did not include a control group. Taken together, hypoxia exposure under resting and exercise conditions might provide a novel therapeutic strategy to improve glucose homeostasis in metabolically compromised individuals, but more randomized controlled trials are warranted before strong conclusions on the effects of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis can be drawn.
Street-level green spaces support a key urban population of the threatened Hispaniolan parakeet Psittacara chloropterus
Authors: Geary Matthew , Brailsford Celia J. , Hough Laura I. , Baker Fraser , Guerrero Simon , Leon Yolanda M. , Collar Nigel J. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile urbanisation remains a major threat to biodiversity, urban areas can sometimes play an important role in protecting threatened species, especially exploited taxa such as parrots. The Hispaniolan Parakeet Psittacara chloropterus has been extirpated across much of Hispaniola, including from most protected areas, yet Santo Domingo (capital city of the Dominican Republic) has recently been found to support the island’s densest remaining population. In 2019, we used repeated transects and point-counts across 60 1 km2 squares of Santo Domingo to examine the distribution of parakeets, identify factors that might drive local presence and abundance, and investigate breeding ecology. Occupancy models indicate that parakeet presence was positively related to tree species richness across the city. N-Mixture models show parakeet encounter rates were correlated positively with species richness of trees and number of discrete ‘green’ patches (> 100 m2) within the survey squares. Hispaniolan Woodpecker Melanerpes striatus, the main tree-cavity-producing species on Hispaniola, occurs throughout the city, but few parakeet nests are known to involve the secondary use of its or other cavities in trees/palms. Most parakeet breeding (perhaps 50–100 pairs) appears to occur at two colonies in old buildings, and possibly only a small proportion of the city’s 1500+ parakeets that occupy a single roost in street trees breed in any year. Our models emphasise the importance of parks and gardens in providing feeding resources for this IUCN Vulnerable species. Hispaniola’s urban centres may be strongholds for populations of parakeets and may even represent sources for birds to recolonise formerly occupied areas on the island.
Research on improvement and optimisation of modelling method of China’s civil aircraft market demand forecast model
Authors: Zhang Y. , Cao K. , Dong W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWith the development of China’s economy, China’s aviation market has expanded, and related industries have also developed rapidly. For the long-term development of the industry, many countries and enterprises began to make demand forecasts with different levels for the product market. The same is true for China’s civil aircraft-related industries. There are a variety of predictive models, but not all of them are appropriate for the prediction of civil aircraft market demand. This paper introduces a variety of modelling methods for forecasting models, including time series forecasting models and causal analysis forecasting models. The contribution of our work is the adoption of a new coefficient determination method to establish a variable-weight combination forecasting model, which greatly improves the forecasting accuracy. In addition, we also propose a new and more stable prediction model, the chain prediction model. Simulation prediction is carried out for each model in this work. Through the analysis and comparison of the prediction results, we conclude that the prediction effects of the variable weight combination prediction model and the chain prediction model are superior to those of other single prediction models. The chain prediction model in particular has better performance in medium- and long-term prediction, compared with the other prediction models. Finally, the model is applied to predict the demand of Chinese civil aircraft in the next 20 years, which confirms that the Chinese civil aircraft market will expand in the future.
Paleoecology of naticid–molluscan prey interaction during the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) in Kutch, India: evolutionary implications
Authors: Bardhan Subhendu , Saha Sandip , Das Shiladri S. , Saha Ranita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe document and quantify one of the oldest predator–prey interactions between naticid gastropods and molluscan prey, on the basis of drill holes in shells, from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) beds of Kutch, western India. Previously, many workers recorded naticid-like drill holes on prey taxa from the Triassic and the Jurassic, but in the absence of associated naticid body fossils, they remained equivocal.The present gastropod community is dominated by turritellines (98% of the sample) that form the turritelline-dominated assemblage, and the naticid drilling predation is restricted almost entirely to turritellines among gastropods. Confamilial naticid predation takes place occasionally. Within the bivalve community, corbulids and nuculids are most abundant and are drilled more often than other taxa. These observations indicate that prey selection was opportunistic and based solely on availability. Drilling intensities at both assemblage and lower taxon levels are low. Behavioral stereotypy of naticid predation in some cases is moderately high.Turritellines are often the preferred prey of naticid gastropods since the late Early Cretaceous. These two groups form a recurrent association reflecting prey–predator interaction. Here we suggest that both turritellines and naticids evolved during the Jurassic, and the prey–predator interaction between them was established shortly thereafter. Among bivalves, corbulids also became important prey of naticids in the same spatiotemporal framework. Corbulids are older than naticids and first appeared during the Middle Jurassic. After their first encounter with naticids, corbulids evolved conchiolin layers within the valves to resist predation.
Chronological and rock magnetic constraints on the transition of the Quaternary paleoclimate in the western Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Li Tao , Fang Xiaomin , Zhang Tao , Yan Maodu , Zan Jinbo , Yang Yibo , Khatri Dhan Bahadur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA closed Quaternary saline paleolake, currently still a lake and named Dalangtan after one of its largest sub-basins, has widely distributed sediments in the western Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau. Lacustrine salt minerals and fine sediments from this paleolake provide an environmental record for investigating paleoclimatic evolution in the Asian interior. However, detailed continuous Pliocene–Quaternary paleoclimatic records are broadly lacking from the NE Tibetan Plateau owing to poor exposure of the outcrops in section. For this study, we performed a detailed magnetostratigraphic dating and rock magnetic analysis on a 590-m-long core from the SG-5 borehole in the western Qaidam Basin. The results demonstrate that the lacustrine sediments in the SG-5 borehole were deposited more than ~3.0 Ma. Saline minerals began to increase at 1.2 Ma, and the magnetic susceptibility (χ) also changed at that time; the percentage frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility was relatively low and uniform throughout the whole core. These observations, combined with the χ, pollen, salt ion, and grain-size records from other boreholes, indicate that the western Qaidam Basin and the greater Asian interior had a significant climate transition at 1.2 Ma during an extreme drought.
BECOMING ΚΛΕΙΝΟΣ IN CRETE AND MAGNA GRAECIA: DIONYSIAC MYSTERIES AND MATURATION RITUALS REVISITED
Authors: McClay Mark F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reconsiders the historical and typological relation between Greek maturation rituals and Greek mystery religion. Particular attention is given to the word κλεινός (‘illustrious’) and its ritual uses in two roughly contemporary Late Classical sources: an Orphic-Bacchic funerary gold leaf from Hipponion in Magna Graecia and Ephorus’ account of a Cretan pederastic age-transition rite. In both contexts, κλεινός marks an elevated status conferred by initiation. (This usage finds antecedents in Alcman'sPartheneia.) Without positing direct development between puberty rites and mysteries, the article argues on the basis of shared vocabulary and other ritual elements that age-transitions influenced the ideology of mystery cults. It is further claimed that puberty rites and mysteries performed similar functions in their respective social contexts, despite obvious differences of prestige and visibility. Age-transition rites have been analysed in Bourdieu's terms as ‘rites of institution’, in which young elites were publicly affirmed in civic roles: private mysteries can be described in analogous but opposed terms as rites of ‘counter-institution’, in which familiar ritual language and symbols of elite status were used to construct an alternative ‘imagined community’ of mystery initiates.
A HERACLITEAN ALLUSION TO THE ODYSSEY
Authors: Mackenzie Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article applies and defends an intertextual approach to Heraclitus B51 DK, the ‘bow-lyre fragment’. It argues that the fragment alludes to the climactic scene of the Odyssey in which the hero strings the bow and is likened to an expert lyre-player (Od. 21.404–11). It then explores some implications of this point for our understanding of the significance of the fragment, of the sixth-century reception of the Odyssey and of Parmenides’ reception of Heraclitus.
Plumbing the Depths: The Changing (Socio-Demographic) Profile of UK Poverty
Authors: EDMISTON DANIEL 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOfficial statistics tend to rely on a headcount approach to poverty measurement, distinguishing ‘the poor’ from the ‘non-poor’ on the basis of an anchored threshold. Invariably, this does little to engage with the gradations of material hardship affecting those living, to varying degrees, below the poverty line. In response, this paper interrogates an apparent flatlining in UK poverty to establish the changing profile of poverty, as well as those most affected by it. Drawing on the Family Resources survey, this paper reveals an increasing depth of poverty in the UK since 2010, with bifurcation observable in the living standards of different percentile groups below the poverty line. In addition, this paper demonstrates substantial compositional changes in the socio-demographic profile of (deep) poverty. Since 2010, the likelihood of falling into deep poverty has increased for women, children, larger families, Black people and those in full-time work. Within the context of COVID-19, I argue there is a need to re-think how we currently conceptualise poverty by better attending to internal heterogeneity within the broader analytical and methodological category of ‘the poor’. Doing so raises pressing questions about the prevailing modes of poverty measurement that tend to frame and delimit the social scientific analysis of poverty, as well as the policies deemed appropriate in tackling it.
The role of social communication technologies in cognition and affect in older adults
Authors: Resor Jessica , Cooke Steph , Katz Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAffect and cognition have both been associated with communication across one's social network during ageing. Thus, it is important to consider how communication varies by different aspects of one's social network, and by communication mode, including phone, email and social media. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between technology-mediated communication, depression and an executive function-related fluid-reasoning measure among older adults. Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement dataset's 2016 wave. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the link between communication modes (phone, email and social media) with children, family and friends with a fluid-reasoning cognition measure and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic covariates, among 3,798 older American adults. Phone and email communication, but not social media, were significantly related to depression and cognition. The model fit was considerably stronger for the analyses with cognition than depression. Curvilinear associations were found for communication via phone and email with cognition, suggesting moderate amounts of communication by phone and email across social groups were most closely linked with higher scores on fluid reasoning. For depression, curvilinear relationships were found for talking on the phone with family and friends, and emailing for children and family, indicating that moderate communication levels revealed the lowest depression levels. Implications for how older adults’ social support may contribute to depression and cognition status are discussed.
Theatre production: a positive metaphor for dementia care-giving
Authors: Brown Wilson Christine , Hinson Jan , Wilson Jacinda L. , Power Stephanie , Hinson Daniel , Petriwskyj Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLanguage can shape and reinforce attitudes and stereotypes about living with dementia. This can happen through use of metaphors. However, common metaphors may not capture the complexity of experience of dementia from the perspective of the individual person or a family carer. This paper presents an alternative metaphor – that of a theatre production – based on the strategies used by carers to support people with dementia to live well in the community. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 12 family members caring for someone with dementia in the community in Queensland, Australia. Our aim was to explore the strategies these carers used to provide support. Interview recordings were fully transcribed and thematically analysed. We identified positive care-giving strategies that described multiple roles that carers fulfilled as they felt increasingly responsible for day-to-day decision making. Family carers explained how they supported the person with dementia to remain a central character in their life and continued to support the person to be themselves. To achieve this, family carers embodied roles that we identified as similar to roles in a theatre production: director, stage manager, supporting cast, scriptwriter, and costume designer and wardrobe manager. Our metaphor of a theatre production offers a fresh perspective to explore the experience of informal care-giving in the context of dementia.