bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment
Authors: Adam Ben , Western Luke M. , Mühle Jens , Choi Haklim , Krummel Paul B. , O’Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Stanley Kieran M. , Fraser Paul J. , Harth Christina M. , Salameh Peter K. , Weiss Ray F. , Prinn Ronald G. , Kim Jooil , Park Hyeri , Park Sunyoung , Rigby Matt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHFC-23 (trifluoromethane) is a potent greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere primarily as a by-product of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) synthesis. Since 2020, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol has required Parties to destroy their HFC-23 emissions to the extent possible. Here, we present updated HFC-23 emissions estimated from atmospheric observations. Globally, emissions fell to 14.0 ± 0.9 Gg yr-1 in 2023 from their maximum in 2019 of 17.3 ± 0.8 Gg yr-1, but remained five times higher than reported in 2021. Atmospheric observation-based emissions for eastern China, the world’s largest HCFC-22 producer, were also found to be substantially higher than 2020-2022 reported emissions. We estimate that potential HFC-23 sources not directly linked to HCFC-22 production explain only a minor, albeit highly uncertain, fraction of this discrepancy. Our findings suggest that HFC-23 emissions have not been destroyed to the extent reported by the Parties since the implementation of the Kigali Amendment.
Enhancing power grid management and incident response mechanisms through consortium blockchain
Authors: Islam Md. Mainul , Atat Rachad , Ismail Muhammad , Davis Katherine R. , Serpedin Erchin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing the resilience and reliability of power grids is crucial amid rising cyber threats and system complexities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an energy‐efficient, consortium blockchain‐based global alarm system for power grid management. Using smart contracts and the proof of‐authority consensus algorithm, the alarm system triggers global alarms upon detecting local anomalies, ensuring a prompt response to partition the power grid and mitigate failures. The effectiveness is validated by simulating the Iberian power system with 15 providers from various regions. Key metrics, such as load shedding, damage reduction, energy consumption, latency, and transaction costs, are used to assess the performance. Through simulations, we show that the blockchain‐based system effectively limits the damage propagation and the load shedding during cascading failures by delaying the onset of instability and maintaining lower damage levels compared to non‐blockchain scenarios. Our investigations reveal that the proposed global alarm mechanism reduces the damage and load shedding by up to 29% and 87%, respectively, showcasing its potential for preventing widespread outages.
Neural network models for predicting vascular age from PPG signals: A comparative study
Authors: Abrisham Kiana Pilevar , Alipour Khalil , Tarvirdizadeh Bahram , Ghamari Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health issue, necessitating precise assessment methods. An important factor is vascular ageing, marked by a progressive decline in arterial elasticity, which impairs the ability of arteries to regulate blood flow effectively. Evaluating vascular age by comparing blood vessel health to chronological age offers valuable insights into arterial stiffness, aiding in the prevention of CVDs. This study employs four distinct neural network models to predict an individual's vascular age using photoplethysmography (PPG), a non‐invasive, cost‐effective, and reliable technique. PPG pulse waves from 4374 healthy adults, aged 25–75, grouped into six 10‐year intervals from both radial and digital arteries, are used to explore age‐related variations. The neural network models assessed include multilayer perceptron (MLP) and 1D convolutional neural network (CNN 1D) with raw signals, as well as 2D CNN and the pre‐trained VGG‐16 model with spectrograms as input. Results reveal that MLP achieved 95.3% accuracy for radial and 92.7% for digital arteries, CNN 1D achieved 99.3% for radial and 99.4% for digital arteries, and the 2D CNN model achieved 99.6% accuracy for both arteries. Notably, VGG‐16 outperformed all models with an accuracy of 99.9% for radial and 99.8% for digital arteries. However, it is essential to consider that VGG‐16's extended training time per epoch may pose limitations when dealing with large datasets and time constraints. In such scenarios, the more efficient 2D CNN, with appropriate hyperparameter tuning, may provide advantages in vascular age prediction. This predictive capability enhances the identification of cardiovascular ageing deviations and underlying disorders, improving assessment methods and proactive cardiovascular health management. By comparing blood vessel health to chronological age, this approach potentially enhances clinical practice, supports early intervention, and facilitates personalised treatment plans.
Molecular and Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Thrombosis and Bleeding in Myelofibrosis Patients
Authors: Morath Olga , Crodel Carl , Rinke Jenny , Sander Inken , Tekbas Aysun , Meggendorfer Manja , Baer Constance , Hochhaus Andreas , Ernst Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background The risk of thrombosis and bleeding in myelofibrosis (MF) has been historically underappreciated. We sought to investigate potential molecular and clinical risk factors for venous (VTE) and arterial (ATE) thrombotic events as well as bleeding episodes.
Methods Data from 246 consecutive MF patients were analyzed. Driver mutations were tested in 191 patients.
Results In total, 181 mutations were found in 177 MF patients: 118 (61.8%) patients showed JAK2-V617F, 50 patients (26.2%) showed CALR, and 6 patients (3.1%) showed MPL mutations. Two patients were JAK2-V617F and MPL positive and one patient was positive for all three genes. Fourteen (7.3%) patients were triple negative. The JAK2-V617F allele burden was assessed in 63 JAK2-V617F-mutated patients, revealing a median of 35.6% (range: 5.0–96.0). At the time of MF diagnosis and during follow-up, 84 thrombotic events (52 VTEs and 32 ATEs) were observed, corresponding to 6.6% of patients per year. A significant association was found between JAK2-V617F mutation (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.6) and prior VTE (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.1–27.1) with an increased risk of VTE. Patients with prefibrotic MF had a higher rate of ATE than patients with overt MF. Hemorrhagic events occurred in 34 (13.8%) patients, corresponding to 3.8% of patients per year. Fibrosis grade 3 was associated with bleeding risk (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2–9.2, p = 0.02).
Conclusions The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutation, regardless of allele burden, and prior thrombosis were strongly associated with an increased risk of VTE. Patients with prefibrotic MF might be considered at high risk for developing ATE.
Análise retrospectiva dos desfechos clínicos e radiológicos após a osteotomia de Dunn modificada em pacientes com escorregamento epifisário proximal do fêmur estável, crônico e moderado a grave
Authors: Bhuyan Basant Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Resumo
Objetivo O manejo do escorregamento epifisário proximal do fêmur (EEPF) foi completamente transformado pela osteotomia de Dunn modificada, uma osteotomia de realinhamento subcapital por meio da técnica segura de luxação cirúrgica originalmente descrita por Ganz. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os desfechos clínicos e radiológicos de pacientes com EEPF moderado a grave após a osteotomia de Dunn modificada.
Métodos Um total de 15 pacientes (16 quadris, com um caso bilateral; 12 homens, 3 mulheres) com idade entre 10,2 e 17 anos (média: 14,3) e EEPF crônico, estável e moderado a grave (moderado = 6; grave = 10) foram submetidos à osteotomia de Dunn modificada como tratamento. A amplitude de movimento (ADM) da articulação do quadril e os escores de quadril de Harris (HHS) e Merle d'Aubigné (MdA) foram utilizados para avaliações clínicas. A avaliação radiográfica usou os ângulos de Southwick e alfa.
Resultados No acompanhamento mais recente (média: 8,6 anos; 3,1–14), a média da ADM da articulação do quadril, o HHS médio (pré-operatório: 69,20 ± 5,94; pós-operatório: 86 ± 7,37, p < 0,00001) e o MdA médio (pré-operatório: 12,47 ± 1,13; pós-operatório: 14,27 ± 1,83, p < 0,00001) demonstraram melhoras clínicas estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados radiológicos demonstraram melhoras no ângulo Southwick médio (pré-operatório: 56,60 ± 12,89°; pós-operatório: 16,4 ± 4,69°, p < 0,00001) e no ângulo alfa (pré-operatório: 101,87 ± 12,88°; pós-operatório: 29,33 ± 7,29°, p < 0,00001). Foram observadas duas complicações pós-operatórias significativas: necrose avascular (NAV) da cabeça femoral e infecção profunda.
Conclusão De acordo com os achados do estudo, a osteotomia de Dunn modificada é uma opção terapêutica segura e eficaz no EEPF estável, crônico e moderado a grave, com risco controlável de complicações.
Reparo das raízes meniscais posteriores com agulha peridural por meio da combinação de portais artroscópicos e túnel transtibial
Authors: Nakahashi Eiji Rafael , Lemes Igor Leal Clemente , Albano Mauro Batista , Stieven Filho Edmar , Namba Mario Massatomo , Nunes Carolline Popovicz 
Published: December 2024

ResumoO reparo de raízes meniscais posteriores é um procedimento considerado de alto custo pelo uso habitual de dispositivos específicos para sua realização. Essa situação acaba se tornando um fator limitante, principalmente no cenário do sistema público de saúde. Diante desse contexto, tornou-se necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos para o tratamento dessas lesões. Entre as opções possíveis, a técnica que combina o uso de portais anteriores e túnel ósseo tibial com a utilização de agulha peridural mostrou-se eficaz e de grande relevância devido ao seu baixo custo. Este estudo tem como finalidade trazer orientações técnicas e sugestões para aumentar a taxa de sucesso desse procedimento e possibilitar sua realização por cirurgiões de joelho em locais com recursos limitados.
Avaliação do transplante osteocondral homólogo a fresco no joelho como tratamento de salvação: Série de casos prospectiva com mínimo de dez meses de seguimento
Authors: Gracitelli Guilherme , Ferreira Galvão Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves , Carrer Rayana Ueda , Rezende Fernando Cury , Kubota Marcelo Seiji , Franciozi Carlos Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o desfecho clínico e a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos ao transplante osteocondral homólogo a fresco no joelho como método de salvação.
Métodos Foram analisados no pré-operatório 8 joelhos de 7 pacientes do sexo masculino que foram submetidos ao transplante osteocondral homólogo a fresco por um único cirurgião e acompanhados por um período que variou entre 10 meses e 5 anos e 5 meses. Os desfechos clínicos utilizaram os escores no International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) e no item qualidade de vida do Knee and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-QV).
Resultado A amostra analisada consistiu em casos complexos, todos com cirurgias prévias nos joelhos operados. A melhora da função variou, sendo que seis dos sete pacientes operados apresentaram melhora clínica estatisticamente significante, de acordo com o escore IKDC, e um único paciente se definiu como moderadamente satisfeito com o procedimento. Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram melhora no item qualidade de vida avaliado pelo escore KOOS. Não houve falha, necessidade de reabordagem dos pacientes operados, ou ocorrência de infecção.
Conclusão O transplante osteocondral homólogo a fresco é um método de salvação seguro no nosso meio para tratar lesões grandes e com falha de procedimentos prévios. Apesar da pequena amostra desta série de casos, a maioria dos desfechos clínicos foram positivos e sem complicações associadas.
Drumming as Embodied and Mindful Performance: Observations on the Aesthetic Theories of Bill Bruford and Shaun Gallagher
Authors: Marino Stefano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I explore some questions concerning the aesthetics of musical performance. I approach this topic from a perspective influenced by some theoretical works of Bill Bruford, Shaun Gallagher, and Richard Shusterman, and choose the musical practice of drumming as a promising case to exemplify certain concepts and themes. Following various insights inspired, in particular, by Bruford and Gallagher, I argue for a conception of drumming as embodied and mindful performance, in contrast to other influential conceptions (sometimes suggested by philosophers, other times by drummers) that understand musical performance in general, and the art of drumming in particular, as mindless activities; namely, as a sort of selfless ‘flow’ without thought.
A Custom’s Nine Lives: Decolonial Continuities of Opinio Juris in Customary International Law
Authors: Singh Prabhakar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
“Old” customs stress upon State practice while the “new” on opinio juris. The Right of Passage over Indian Territory case (1960) started a debate from the bench to the bar on the coexistence of general, local, and special customs in the postcolonial law of territory. Although key to, first, the Asian and, then, the African self-determination, the relationship of opinio juris and decolonization remains unexamined. In the Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Nicaragua and Colombia case (2023), the International Court of Justice has enriched opinio juris by accepting “considerations other than a sense of legal obligation”. Having lived overland occasionally decoupled from State practices since the Military and Paramilitary Activities in Nicaragua case (1986), the conceptually amphibious opinio juris enters the sea today. Historically, Asian opinio juris (1940s) first normatively fractured colonialism to, subsequently, fertilize the customary law on African decolonization (1950s).
Investigating an ELT community of practice in India
Authors: Mukherjee Kuheli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study reports on the genesis of an Indian ELT Community of Practice (CoP) and its impact on its members during and after the Covid pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative data collected through a questionnaire, reflective narratives, and observations explored how the participant teachers evaluated the impact of community participation on their professional learning, consistent with the concept of situated learning through legitimate peripheral participation in a CoP. Participants’ reflections testified how members’ journeys from peripheral to full and intensified participation through involvement in CoP activities offered opportunities for learning and legitimising their role as community practitioners. The insights offered might be relevant for utilising informal bottom-up CoPs for teachers’ continuous professional development in general and also provide ideas for making such CoPs run effectively for teacher development. It argues that bottom-up Communities of Practice can become an integral part of in-service teacher education in India and similar challenging contexts.
Using an SMS to improve bowel cancer screening: the acceptability and feasibility of a multifaceted intervention
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer G , Wood Anna , Jenkins Mark , Onwuka Shakira , Chondros Patty , Campbell Tina , Wenkart Edweana , O’Reilly Clare , Dixon Ian , Toner Julie , Martinez Gutierrez Javiera , Govan Linda , Emery Jon D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program sends an immunochemical faecal occult blood test to Australians aged 50–74 years to screen for bowel cancer, but uptake is low (40.9%). The SMARTscreen trial demonstrated that sending a short messaging services (SMS) prompt from the participant’s general practitioner (GP) increased the proportion of kit returns by 16.5%. This research aimed to determine the acceptability and feasibility of implementing SMARTscreen.

Method
SMARTscreen was a cluster randomized controlled trial set in 21 Australian general practices in regional Australia. Participants and general practice staff involved in the trial were included in this study. Acceptability and feasibility were measured quantitatively by calculating proportions of the SMS received, viewed, or opted out of, and qualitatively by interviewing people who sent and received the SMS.

Results
Of 2914 SMS sent, 2645 SMS (91%) were received by participants, 1128 (43%) people opened the weblink, and 59 (2%) people opted out of receiving future SMS. Interviews with general practice staff (n = 17) and participants (n = 18) found that sending and receiving the SMS was acceptable and feasible. The SMS was considered a low-burden activity that easily integrated into the clinic’s workflow without impacting clinicians’ time. Participants reported an increased intention to participate in screening, but some people worried the weblink was spam, and some suggested sending it out of working hours.

Conclusion
The SMS-based intervention was widely accepted by GP staff and participants. Future research should test the SMS with and without the weblink, and send the SMS at a more convenient time of the day/week.
Mindfulness interventions in older adults for mental health and well-being: A meta-analysis
Authors: Verhaeghen Paul , Aikman Shelley N , Mirabito Grazia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Mindfulness interventions are consistently associated with beneficial effects in younger adults. In this meta-analysis, we seek to quantify the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for the mental health and well-being of older adults.

Method
We include 46 studies that implemented a mindfulness intervention (MBSR = 20; MBCT = 9; ad hoc protocol = 17) with older adults (samples with an average age of 60 or older; healthy adults = 20; adults with underlying symptoms = 26), examining a wide range of outcome measures (e.g., stress, quality of life, sleep).

Results
Mindfulness interventions in older adults yielded an estimated Hedges’ g of 0.25. Moderator analyses revealed three significant effects. Type of intervention mattered, with the effect size for MBSR not significantly different from zero (Hedges’ g = 0.12) while the effect sizes for MBCT (Hedges’ g = 0.33) and “other” interventions (Hedges’ g = 0.36) were. Outcome measure mattered, with significant beneficial effect sizes for mental functioning (Hedges’ g = 0.59), depression (Hedges’ g = 0.35), sleep (Hedges’ g = 0.39), anxiety (Hedges’ g = 0.32), “other” (Hedges’ g = 0.24), stress (Hedges’ g = 0.22) and mindfulness (Hedges’ g = 0.23). Finally, whether the outcome was targeted (e.g., measures of depression in a population suffering from major depressive disorder) mattered: variables that measured targeted outcomes yielded stronger effects (Hedges’ g = 0.30).

Discussion
Mindfulness interventions with older adults are effective, but modestly so. The extant literature is limited by reliance on modified interventions that have not been evaluated for effectiveness.
The law of digital afterlife: the Chinese experience of AI ‘resurrection’ and ‘grief tech’
Authors: Cheng Kwan Yiu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article considers the prominent private law and regulatory problems relating to the practice of AI ‘resurrection’ where a digital replica with the appearance, voice, and personality of the deceased is created to interact with the real world. The intention is to offer solace and comfort to the bereaved by interacting with a digital representation of their loved one, providing a semblance of continued presence as if the departed had never left this world. This article first considers the industry of AI ‘resurrection’ in the context of ‘grief tech’. It uses the Chinese experience for discussion as to date the practice is most prevalent in China but the legal considerations are applicable to other jurisdictions. It then discusses whether and how the practice may constitute the infringement of the deceased’s portrait right as a personality interest protected under the Civil Code and its remedies. It finally considers the regulatory aspects of AI ‘resurrection’ with respect to personal information, deep synthesis and AI generative technology.
Associations between Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Cardiac Troponin T, and N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide, and Future Myocardial Fibrosis Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study
Authors: Wimalanathan Thakshani , Paus Michael Fredrik , Brox Skranes Julia , Berge Trygve , Tveit Arnljot , Røsjø Helge , Omland Torbjørn , Nakrem Lyngbakken Magnus , Heck Siri Lagethon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Myocardial fibrosis is associated with a poor outcome for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) concentrations predict the risk of death in patients with CVD, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to assess the associations between biomarkers of cellular stress and inflammation (GDF-15), cardiac injury (cardiac troponin T [cTnT]), and stretch (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), and subsequent focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Methods
We measured GDF-15, cTnT, and NT-proBNP in 200 study participants without known coronary artery disease or renal dysfunction from the population-based Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study at baseline in 2012 to 2015. Focal myocardial scars and diffuse fibrosis were assessed by late gadolinium enhancement imaging and septal extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by CMR 4 to 7 years later. The relationships between cardiac biomarkers and CMR parameters were assessed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for common cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
The median age was 63.9 (interquartile range 63.4–64.5) years and 49% were women. GDF-15 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.40, 95% CI 1.09–17.72) and cTnT (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01–2.50) were associated with nonischemic scars in the fully adjusted model. cTnT (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.41–4.25) and NT-proBNP (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.55–6.28) were associated with ischemic scars. None of the biomarkers were significantly associated with elevated ECV.

Conclusions
In a general population cohort, GDF-15, an emerging biomarker of cellular stress and inflammation, associates with nonischemic scars. Biomarkers of myocardial injury and stretch associate with ischemic scars, while no biomarker was associated with diffuse fibrosis as assessed by CMR.
Template of a climate sustainability plan for medical professional organizations: the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology example
Authors: Leddin Desmond , Sinclair Paul , Singh Harminder , Sherman Rachael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Environmental change is underway and has the potential to adversely affect digestive health. Professional medical organizations have an important role to play in addressing the challenge. An important initial response is the development of a sustainability plan for the medical organization. There are no standardized criteria as to what should be included in such a plan. We have proposed 12 key components that should be contained in sustainability plans for medical organizations. We describe how these were developed for the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) and plans for future implementation. We hope that the CAG plan may serve as a template to assist peer medical organizations optimize their response to the climate crisis.