bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a 5d F-theorem
Authors: Fluder Martin , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Renormalization group flows are studied between 5d SCFTs engineered by (p, q) 5-brane webs with large numbers of external 5-branes. A general expression for the free energy on S5 in terms of single-valued trilogarithm functions is derived from their supergravity duals, which are characterized by the 5-brane charges and additional geometric parameters. The additional geometric parameters are fixed by regularity conditions, and we show that the solutions to the regularity conditions extremize a trial free energy. These results are used to survey a large sample of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(105) renormalization group flows between different 5d SCFTs, including Higgs branch flows and flows that preserve the SU(2) R- symmetry. In all cases the free energy changes monotonically towards the infrared, in line with a 5d F -theorem.
Comparative analysis of continuum angiogenesis models
Authors: Martinson W. Duncan , Ninomiya Hirokazu , Byrne Helen M. , Maini Philip K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough discrete approaches are increasingly employed to model biological phenomena, it remains unclear how complex, population-level behaviours in such frameworks arise from the rules used to represent interactions between individuals. Discrete-to-continuum approaches, which are used to derive systems of coarse-grained equations describing the mean-field dynamics of a microscopic model, can provide insight into such emergent behaviour. Coarse-grained models often contain nonlinear terms that depend on the microscopic rules of the discrete framework, however, and such nonlinearities can make a model difficult to mathematically analyse. By contrast, models developed using phenomenological approaches are typically easier to investigate but have a more obscure connection to the underlying microscopic system. To our knowledge, there has been little work done to compare solutions of phenomenological and coarse-grained models. Here we address this problem in the context of angiogenesis (the creation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature). We compare asymptotic solutions of a classical, phenomenological “snail-trail” model for angiogenesis to solutions of a nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs) derived via a systematic coarse-graining procedure (Pillay et al. in Phys Rev E 95(1):012410, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.012410). For distinguished parameter regimes corresponding to chemotaxis-dominated cell movement and low branching rates, both continuum models reduce at leading order to identical PDEs within the domain interior. Numerical and analytical results confirm that pointwise differences between solutions to the two continuum models are small if these conditions hold, and demonstrate how perturbation methods can be used to determine when a phenomenological model provides a good approximation to a more detailed coarse-grained system for the same biological process.
Quantifying the consequence of applying conservative assumptions in the assessment of oil spill effects on polar cod (Boreogadus saida) populations
Authors: De Vries Pepijn , Tamis Jacqueline , Nahrgang Jasmine , Frantzen Marianne , Jak Robbert , Van Den Heuvel-Greve Martine , Klok Chris , Hemerik Lia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to assess the potential impact from oil spills and decide the optimal response actions, prediction of population level effects of key resources is crucial. These assessments are usually based on acute toxicity data combined with precautionary assumptions because chronic data are often lacking. To better understand the consequences of applying precautionary approaches, two approaches for assessing population level effects on the Arctic keystone species polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were compared: a precautionary approach, where all exposed individuals die when exposed above a defined threshold concentration, and a refined (full-dose-response) approach. A matrix model was used to assess the population recovery duration of scenarios with various but constant exposure concentrations, durations and temperatures. The difference between the two approaches was largest for exposures with relatively low concentrations and short durations. Here, the recovery duration for the refined approach was less than eight times that found for the precautionary approach. Quantifying these differences helps to understand the consequences of precautionary assumptions applied to environmental risk assessment used in oil spill response decision making and it can feed into the discussion about the need for more chronic toxicity testing. An elasticity analysis of our model identified embryo and larval survival as crucial processes in the life cycle of polar cod and the impact assessment of oil spills on its population.
Scattering of multicomponent polymer blends
Authors: Frielinghaus Henrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe random phase approximation for polymer blends was developed by H. Benoît and described small angle scattering functions as well as mean field phase boundaries. It is a pure mean field theory that loses validity close to the real phase boundaries due to strong fluctuations. However, it gives a very clear roadmap about phase diagrams and scattering functions. A simplification of the random phase approximation is discussed that comes into effect when several polymers are mixed that involve a rather low number of chemically different repeat units. Then, the correlation functions of the same repeat unit pairs can be added up in a specific way such that the overall complexity for the calculations is reduced. The scattering functions and mean field phase boundaries are discussed within this concept.
Graphical abstract
The effect of automated oxygen control on clinical outcomes in preterm infants: a pre- and post-implementation cohort study
Authors: Salverda H. H. , Oldenburger N. J. , Rijken M. , Pauws S. C. , Dargaville P. A. , te Pas A. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrated an increase in time spent within target range when automated oxygen control (AOC) is used. However the effect on clinical outcome remains unclear. We compared clinical outcomes of preterm infants born before and after implementation of AOC as standard of care. In a retrospective pre-post implementation cohort study of outcomes for infants of 24–29 weeks gestational age receiving respiratory support before (2012–2015) and after (2015–2018) implementation of AOC as standard of care were compared. Outcomes of interest were mortality and complications of prematurity, number of ventilation days, and length of stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A total of 588 infants were included (293 pre- vs 295 in the post-implementation cohort), with similar gestational age (27.8 weeks pre- vs 27.6 weeks post-implementation), birth weight (1033 grams vs 1035 grams) and other baseline characteristics. Mortality and rate of prematurity complications were not different between the groups. Length of stay in NICU was not different, but duration of invasive ventilation was shorter in infants who received AOC (6.4 ± 10.1 vs 4.7 ± 8.3, p = 0.029).Conclusion: In this pre-post comparison, the implementation of AOC did not lead to a change in mortality or morbidity during admission.

What is Known:• Prolonged and intermittent oxygen saturation deviations are associated with mortality and prematurity-related morbidities.• Automated oxygen controllers can increase the time spent within oxygen saturation target range.What is New:• Implementation of automated oxygen control as standard of care did not lead to a change in mortality or morbidity during admission.• In the period after implementation of automated oxygen control, there was a shift toward more non-invasive ventilation.
Verbesserung des Recyclings von Elektrokleingeräten bei Erstbehandlern und Steigerung der Metallausbeute durch Einsatz des Magnetabscheiders
Authors: Borowski Christian , Glimm Andreas , Pieplow Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Nutzung von Wertstoffen aus Elektroaltgeräten auf Grund von Quotenregelungen erhöht. Die Verbesserung der Ausbringung von Wertstoffen ist ein Ziel, mit dem sich die hier beschriebenen Forschungsvorhaben beschäftigen. Untersucht wurden Möglichkeiten zur verbesserten Separierung von Metallen aus Elektrokleingeräten bei Erstbehandlern durch den Einsatz marktverfügbarer und kostengünstiger Aufbereitungstechnik und Optimierungspotentiale unter Verwendung eines entwickelten Multimetallseparators. Auftretende Probleme sowie Aspekte einer repräsentativen Beprobung von zerkleinertem Elektroschrott < 8 mm wurden ebenso betrachtet.
Mycelial culture extracts of selected wood-decay mushrooms as a source of skin-protecting factors
Authors: Sułkowska-Ziaja Katarzyna , Grabowska Karolina , Apola Anna , Kryczyk-Poprawa Agata , Muszyńska Bożena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study analyzed the content of substances with cosmetologic properties in the extracts obtained from the mycelial cultures of Ganoderma applanatum, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Trametes versicolor. The effect of these extracts on the inhibition of tyrosinase and hyaluronidase was determined, and their values of sun protection factor (SPF) were calculated.

Results
The total amount of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 2.69 (G. applanatum) to 10.30 mg/100 g dry weight (T. versicolor). The total amount of sterols was estimated at 48.40 (T. versicolor) to 201.04 mg/100 g dry weight (L. sulphureus), and that of indoles at 2.90 (G. applanatum) to 16.74 mg/100 dry weight (L. sulphureus). Kojic acid was determined in the extracts of L. sulphureus and G. applanatum. It was observed that L. sulphureus extract caused dose-dependent inhibition of hyaluronidase, while all the extracts inhibited tyrosinase. The extract of G. applanatum exhibited an SPF value of ~ 9.

Conclusions
The results showed that the mycelial cultures of the studied species may be used as an alternative source of substances used in cosmetology.
Diagnostic value of echocardiography in paracardiac cystic lesions: 43 cases from one single medical center
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , LV Qing , Wang Jing , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing , Yang Yali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParacardial cystic lesions (PCLs) are rare, benign lesions and may occur in any part surrounding the heart. It covers a variety of pathological types, including pericardial cysts, thymic cysts, bronchogenic cysts and so on. The aim of this study was to summarize the diagnostic value of echocardiography in different pathological types of the PCLs. Echocardiographic features of 43 consecutive PCL patients treated at the Union Hospital from January 2002 to December 2017 were compared and analyzed with their surgical and pathological findings retrospectively. The PCLs included 19 pericardial cysts, 12 thymic cysts, 7 bronchogenic cysts, 3 cystic teratomas, 1 enteric cyst and 1 lymphangioma. Among them, 29 cases (67.4%) were accurately diagnosed by echocardiography and 14 cases (32.6%) were missed the diagnosis. All diagnosed cysts were showed as thin-walled, monolocular, echo-free structures without blood flow signals in echocardiographic images. 4 patients had compression of the heart and great vessels caused by cysts. In addition, 4 intracardiac lesions were diagnosed by echocardiography and the results were further confirmed in surgery. Echocardiography is of great value in the diagnosis of paracardiac cystic lesions as well as combined intracardiac lesions. Differential diagnosis could be mainly made based on the location of the lesions.
The European committee for the prevention of torture and the gendered experience of imprisonment
Authors: O’Connell Ciara , Aizpurua Eva , Rogan Mary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) is a supranational prison oversight body tasked with carrying out visits to places of detention across Europe. Prisons fall within the remit of the CPT, and much like prisons themselves, CPT prison visits tend to focus on the male experience of imprisonment. However, the experience of imprisonment is inherently gendered and, as such, the experiences, treatment and needs of cisgender men do not necessarily represent those of cisgender women and transgender people in prison. Therefore, it follows that a different approach is also required when it comes to prison monitoring activities carried out by the CPT. This paper introduces CPT standards and the international legal framework on gender and imprisonment. It reflects on analysis of three years of CPT reporting to explore how the CPT considers the gendered experience of imprisonment. To this end, the paper considers the potential impact of the gender composition of CPT delegations, as well as provides a descriptive content analysis of CPT reports to determine how the CPT accounts for gender-specific treatment and conditions in prison. This paper poses questions and provides suggestions around how gender can be made more central across all human rights monitoring bodies operating in the penal field, both internationally and domestically.
“Alexa, who am I?”: Voice Assistants and Hermeneutic Lemniscate as the Technologically Mediated Sense-Making
Authors: Kudina Olya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that AI-powered voice assistants, just as all technologies, actively mediate our interpretative structures, including values. I show this by explaining the productive role of technologies in the way people make sense of themselves and those around them. More specifically, I rely on the hermeneutics of Gadamer and the material hermeneutics of Ihde to develop a hermeneutic lemniscate as a principle of technologically mediated sense-making. The lemniscate principle links people, technologies and the sociocultural world in the joint production of meaning and explicates the feedback channels between the three counterparts. When people make sense of technologies, they necessarily engage their moral histories to comprehend new technologies and fit them in daily practices. As such, the lemniscate principle offers a chance to explore the moral dynamics taking place during technological appropriation. Using digital voice assistants as an example, I show how these AI-guided devices mediate our moral inclinations, decisions and even our values, while in parallel suggesting how to use and design them in an informed and critical way.
Examining the reliability of Adaptive Comparative Judgement (ACJ) as an assessment tool in educational settings
Authors: Kimbell Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConventional approaches to assessment involve teachers and examiners judging the quality of learners work by reference to lists of criteria or other ‘outcome’ statements. This paper explores a quite different method of assessment using ‘Adaptive Comparative Judgement’ (ACJ) that was developed within a research project at Goldsmiths University of London between 2004 and 2010. The method was developed into a tool that enabled judges to distinguish better/worse performances not by allocating numbers through mark schemes, but rather by direct, holistic, judgement. The tool was successfully deployed through a series of national and international research and development exercises. But game-changing innovations are never flaw-less first time out (Golley, Jet: Frank Whittle and the Invention of the Jet Engine, Datum Publishing, Liphook Hampshire, 2009; Dyson, Against the odds: an autobiography, Texere Publishing, Knutsford Cheshire, 2001) and a series of careful investigations resulted in a problem being identified within the workings of ACJ (Bramley, Investigating the reliability of Adaptive Comparative Judgment, Cambridge Assessment Research Report, UK, Cambridge, 2015). The issue was with the ‘adaptive’ component of the algorithm that, under certain conditions, appeared to exaggerate the reliability statistic. The problem was ‘worked’ by the software company running ACJ and a solution found. This paper reports the whole sequence of events—from the original innovation, through deployment, the emergent problem, and the resulting solution that was published at an international conference (Rangel Smith and Lynch in: PATT36 International Conference. Research & Practice in Technology Education: Perspectives on Human Capacity and Development, 2018) and subsequently deployed within a modified ACJ algorithm.
Identification of model uncertainty via optimal design of experiments applied to a mechanical press
Authors: Gally Tristan , Groche Peter , Hoppe Florian , Kuttich Anja , Matei Alexander , Pfetsch Marc E. , Rakowitsch Martin , Ulbrich Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn engineering applications almost all processes are described with the help of models. Especially forming machines heavily rely on mathematical models for control and condition monitoring. Inaccuracies during the modeling, manufacturing and assembly of these machines induce model uncertainty which impairs the controller’s performance. In this paper we propose an approach to identify model uncertainty using parameter identification, optimal design of experiments and hypothesis testing. The experimental setup is characterized by optimal sensor positions such that specific model parameters can be determined with minimal variance. This allows for the computation of confidence regions in which the real parameters or the parameter estimates from different test sets have to lie. We claim that inconsistencies in the estimated parameter values, considering their approximated confidence ellipsoids as well, cannot be explained by data uncertainty but are indicators of model uncertainty. The proposed method is demonstrated using a component of the 3D Servo Press, a multi-technology forming machine that combines spindles with eccentric servo drives.
C3G Regulates STAT3, ERK, Adhesion Signaling, and Is Essential for Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Vishnu Vijay V. , Muralikrishna Bh. , Verma Archana , Nayak Sanjeev Chavan , Sowpati Divya Tej , Radha Vegesna , Shekar P. Chandra 
Published: February 2021

SummaryC3G (RAPGEF1), engaged in multiple signaling pathways, is essential for the early development of the mouse. In this study, we have examined its role in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. C3G null cells generated by CRISPR mediated knock-in of a targeting vector exhibited enhanced clonogenicity and long-term self-renewal. They did not differentiate in response to LIF withdrawal when compared to the wild type ES cells and were defective for lineage commitment upon teratoma formation in vivo. Gene expression analysis of C3G KO cells showed misregulated expression of a large number of genes compared with WT cells. They express higher levels of self-renewal factors like KLF4 and ESRRB and show high STAT3 activity, and very low ERK activity compared to WT cells. Reintroduction of C3G expression in a KO line partially reverted expression of ESRRB, and KLF4, and ERK activity similar to that seen in WT cells. The expression of self-renewal factors was persistent for a longer time, and induction of lineage-specific markers was not seen when C3G KO cells were induced to form embryoid bodies. C3G KO cells showed poor adhesion and significantly reduced levels of pFAK, pPaxillin, and Integrin-β1, in addition to downregulation of the cluster of genes involved in cell adhesion, compared to WT cells. Our results show that C3G is essential for the regulation of STAT3, ERK, and adhesion signaling, to maintain pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and enable their lineage commitment for differentiation.
Graphical abstract
Anal squamous cell carcinoma in a high HIV prevalence population
Authors: Brogden Danielle R. L. , Khoo Christopher C. , Kontovounisios Christos , Pellino Gianluca , Chong Irene , Tait Diana , Warren Oliver J. , Bower Mark , Tekkis Paris , Mills Sarah. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare cancer that has a rapidly increasing incidence in areas with highly developed economies. ASCC is strongly associated with HIV and there appears to be increasing numbers of younger male persons living with HIV (PLWH) diagnosed with ASCC. This is a retrospective cohort study of HIV positive and HIV negative patients diagnosed with primary ASCC between January 2000 and January 2020 in a demographic group with high prevalence rates of HIV. One Hundred and seventy six patients were included, and clinical data was retrieved from multiple, prospective databases. A clinical subgroup was identified in this cohort of younger HIV positive males who were more likely to have had a prior diagnosis of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN). Gender and HIV status had no effect on staging or disease-free survival. PLWH were more likely to develop a recurrence (p < 0.000) but had a longer time to recurrence than HIV negative patients, however this was not statistically significant (46.1 months vs. 17.5 months; p = 0.077). Patients known to have a previous diagnosis of AIN were more likely to have earlier staging and local tumour excision. Five-year Disease-Free Survival was associated with tumour size and the absence of nodal or metastatic disease (p < 0.000).
Testing the Validity of a Link Function Assumption in Repeated Type-II Censored General Step-Stress Experiments
Authors: Bedbur Stefan , Seiche Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn step-stress experiments, test units are successively exposed to higher usually increasing levels of stress to cause earlier failures and to shorten the duration of the experiment. When parameters are associated with the stress levels, one problem is to estimate the parameter corresponding to normal operating conditions based on failure data obtained under higher stress levels. For this purpose, a link function connecting parameters and stress levels is usually assumed, the validity of which is often at the discretion of the experimenter. In a general step-stress model based on multiple samples of sequential order statistics, we provide exact statistical tests to decide whether the assumption of some link function is adequate. The null hypothesis of a proportional, linear, power or log-linear link function is considered in detail, and associated inferential results are stated. In any case, except for the linear link function, the test statistics derived are shown to have only one distribution under the null hypothesis, which simplifies the computation of (exact) critical values. Asymptotic results are addressed, and a power study is performed for testing on a log-linear link function. Some improvements of the tests in terms of power are discussed.
$$v_c$$-Noetherian domains and Krull domains
Authors: Chang Gyu Whan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet D be an integrally closed domain, $$\{V_{\alpha }\}$$

{

V
α

}

be the set of t-linked valuation overrings of D, and $$v_c$$

v
c

be the star operation on D defined by $$I^{v_c} = \bigcap _{\alpha } IV_{\alpha }$$

I

v
c

=

⋂
α

I

V
α

for all nonzero fractional ideals I of D. In this paper, among other things, we prove that D is a $$v_c$$

v
c

-Noetherian domain if and only if D is a Krull domain, if and only if $$v_c = v$$

v
c

=
v

and every prime t-ideal of D is a maximal t-ideal. As a corollary, we have that if D is one-dimensional, then $$v_c = v$$

v
c

=
v

if and only if D is a Dedekind domain.