bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and non-local controls on seasonal variations in water availability and use by riparian trees along a hydroclimatic gradient
Authors: Sargeant Christopher I , Singer Michael Bliss 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As global climate change continues to impact regional water cycles, we may expect further shifts in water availability to forests that create challenges for certain species and biomes. Lowland deciduous riparian forests are particularly vulnerable because tree species cannot migrate out of the stream corridor, and they rely on root zone water availability that is controlled by variations in both local climate conditions (e.g. precipitation, evaporation, and infiltration) and non-local hydroclimatic forcing (e.g. streamflow, snowmelt, recharge). To determine how the seasonal water source usage of riparian trees is controlled by local versus non-local variability in hydroclimatic regime, we reconstructed the seasonal oxygen isotope (δ
18
O) signature of water used by two riparian tree species with contrasting rooting depths, comprising ∼800 δ
18
O tree-ring cellulose measurements from 12 tree-level decadal time-series at sub-annual resolution (six samples per year), along a strong hydroclimatic gradient within the Rhône River basin, SE France. These results were evaluated alongside δ
18
O measurements made from potential endmember water sources and independent hydroclimatic metrics. Thus we characterize the seasonal evolution of both potential water availability at distinct rooting depths and tree water source use and investigate the generalized riparian tree response to seasonal variations in local versus non-local hydroclimatic forcing over a decade. We show: (a) distinct seasonal water use between species, based on differential access to groundwater; (b) substantial source switching in both species based on evolving water availability; and (c) that riparian trees are more dependent on locally controlled soil moisture with distance downstream, creating increased vulnerability to locally increasing temperatures. We also find that deeply rooted trees in lowland riparian floodplains are potentially vulnerable to climate change because of their high dependence on water supply from mountains. This effect is more pronounced downstream, where seasonal water table decline may lead to loss of water required for deeply rooted trees.
Autonomous redundancy system for auxiliaries of NPPs based on existing start-up reserve steamshops
Authors: Yurin V E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The method of using the start-up reserve steamshops installed at the NPP to improve the safety and economic efficiency of the plant was proposed in the article. Earlier, the author of the article proved on the basis of experimental data from the Balakovo NPP that a low-power steam turbine can provide power supply for the NPP’s own needs through the use of the core residual heat release. Such steam turbine can effectively work in conjunction with a start-up reserve steamshops in the normal mode to generate additional electricity to the power system and to provide a reliable reserve for NPP own needs in case of the station blackout. In the article, the characteristics of the known units corresponding to the developed system are presented, and the cooldown process based on the developed method is described.
Analysis of energy quality in power supply systems with grid-connected solar power plants
Authors: Leshtayev O V , Stushkina N A , Zaginaylov V I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the quality of voltage at a consumer of electricity in power supply systems with a network solar power plant connected in parallel to the centralized network. The legislative base of the Russian Federation, regulating the construction and operation of grid solar power plants, requirements for the quality of energy in a centralized grid have been studied. The block diagram of the operating experimental solar power plant is presented. On the basis of this station, experimental studies of the influence of the operation of a solar power plant on the quality of energy at the consumer have been carried out. This study was carried out using a Fluke 345 power quality analyzer. The authors analyzed the experimentally obtained data on voltage changes and harmonic distortions at the consumer in two series of experiments (with a solar power plant in operation and with a solar power plant disconnected). On the basis of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the reduction of peak voltage deviations at the consumer and a decrease in the total harmonic distortion factor when the solar power plant is operating. The relationship between voltage and harmonic distortion is described mathematically. Based on the results of the studies, conclusions were drawn about improving the quality of energy for an agricultural consumer when supplied with electricity from a grid solar power plant in parallel with a centralized grid.
Underground tunnel type PSPP
Authors: Liamasov A K , Biriulin M A , Denisov K E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the main scheme and advantages of an underground tunnel-type pumped storage power plant (PSPP). Unlike traditional layouts of such stations, the upper and lower basins are located underground and formed by a single tunnel. A description of the design of the new station type and a method for calculating its main parameters were proposed. The analysis showed the limitations that must be taken into account when choosing the main hydraulic equipment for the tunnel-type underground PSPP. Based on the calculations, the optimal diameters of the tunnels were analyzed and identified to ensure the minimum construction period.
Trends in the formation of an alternative energy balance in Russia using information technologies during the climate crisis
Authors: Bogodukhova E S , Bobrova E O , Britvina V V , Zueva A S , Sorokin A Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the formation of a rational energy balance in Russia and its pragmatic management of alternative energy during the climate crisis using information technologies. The aim of the work is to study low-carbon development aimed at reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, to stabilize climate change and prevent negative consequences. A comparative analysis of several countries has shown that renewable energy influences both the situation in the global energy market and the environmental situation of the country as a whole. The territorial study of sunshine in Russia has identified the regions where the transition to alternative energy sources for further energy supply is the most effective, and is able to ensure financial sustainability and tariff equalization, as well as an increase in the living standards of the population. Based on the results of the work done, the root causes of the lack of active implementation of renewable energy sources were identified and a profitable direction for the development of an alternative energy system for Russia was formed. The article is supplied with graphic materials and tables, as well as a detailed description of each stage of the study.
Distributed generation as a mechanism to improve the reliability and economic efficiency of electricity systems
Authors: Dolotin A I , Shifrin I O , Chernova I I , Kerimova O V , Sheshnitzan I N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article assesses the application of distributed generation to meet the customer’s own needs for electricity and heat. Currently, the electric power industry is faced with many problems of functioning of electric power systems, which have a negative impact on the processes of transmission and distribution of electric energy to end users. These problems lead to decrease in reliability of power supply and economic efficiency of operation of enterprises. In order to solve the problems of increasing the reliability and economic efficiency of electric power systems the introduction of distributed generation is effective. The modes of electric power generation are considered. The paper also analyzes and identifies the features of the application of distributed generation to achieve the required indicators of reliability and economic efficiency of electric power systems.
Power supply system for electrical installations with electrical converters, grid, generator and solar sources
Authors: Lyapin V G , Leshtayev O V , Gafiev A E , Kolmurzina E V , Stushkina N A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over the past decades, the range and functionality of power supplies has expanded and changed significantly. This is primarily due to the continuous desire to reduce the weight and size characteristics of the power supply, to increase their efficiency, to use modern economical pulse control methods, integrated microcircuits, etc.
Complex flue gas cleaning of thermal power plants
Authors: Protsko D S , Panov S Yu , Lobachova N N , Lavrov S V , Belozercev A S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Currently, there are significant emissions of pollutants from electric power facilities in our country. At the TPP, sulfur and nitrogen purification technologies are practically not used, most of the installed ash collectors operate with low efficiency and using outdated technology, and environmental indicators are significantly inferior to foreign analogues. At the same time, there is experience in the development and development on an industrial scale of various methods and tools that provide a significant reduction in emissions of particulate matter, sulfur oxides and nitrogen. The article considers an example of such a technology. For particle cleaning, a ceramic high-temperature filter with a catalytic coating is used to selectively remove nitric oxide when interacting with carbomide. The sulfur is removed by chemical neutralization with a lime sorbent.
Study of the influence of the mass content of deposited cobalt in Co/25%ZrO2·SiO2 catalysts on the main parameters of the process of synthesis of liquid and solid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch method
Authors: Kraetskaya O F , Glinnik S V , Udovenko E V , Bykova I V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the mass content of deposited cobalt (from 10 to 50 wt.%) in samples of Co/25%ZrO2·SiO2 on the main indicators of the synthesis of liquid and solid hydrocarbons from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. It is established that all the studied catalysts exhibit high activity in this process. The best performance and selectivity indicators for liquid and solid carbonic hydrogens were obtained in the presence of a catalyst sample containing 40 wt. % of the applied Co. The yield of C5 + hydrocarbons at 85% of the synthesis gas conversion on it was 160 g/m3, and the selectivity of their formation was 90%.
Oil shale of the Middle Volga region: composition, structure, energy properties
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Korolev A E , Barieva E R , Khuzin I A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the Volga oil shale study in the territory of Tatarstan and the Ulyanovsk region. It is shown that shales are polymineral rocks of complex composition. The main valuable component is organic matter (kerogen), formed from the products of aquabionts fossilization. Ash components are represented by clay minerals, clastic fragments of mineral grains, calcareous fragments of organic residues, and diagenetic pyrite. Organic matter has a complex structure. The predominant fractions are light and medium hydrocarbons boiling out in the temperature range 150-560°C. In smaller amounts, heavy fractions are present, which are released at temperatures of 560-620°C. The heat capacitance of oil shale ranges from 1607 to 9052 J/g. Loss of shale mass can range from 18.0 to 25.0% of the original sample. According to the summary valuable and genetic indicators, the Volga oil shale belongs to the humus-sapropel type; low-calorie in heat of combustion terms; polysulphide in terms of sulfur content; aluminosilicate-carbonate in terms of the prevalence of oxides in ash.
Assessment of the geological factors influence on the oil-productive of terrigenous reservoirs of the Vereyian horizon of the Melekess depression
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Khuzina A F , Barieva E R , Ilaeva A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents study results of terrigenous reservoirs of the Vereiskian horizon of Tatarstan. The sandstones and silty sandstones are composed by grains of quartz, feldspars, clay minerals and organic remains cemented with calcite. Rocks were formed under the conditions of marine paleobasin coastal part with normal salinity. The migrated aggressive solutions partially leached out the carbonate cement from sediment, realizing the reservoir-filtration potential inherent in rocks. The oil fluids that filled the pore space practically did not interact in any way with the mineral skeleton of terrigenous reservoirs at the chemical level. Thus, the influence of the rocks mineral component on the properties of oils is completely excluded. In oil-saturated reservoirs, from which good oil inflows are obtained, light fractions of hydrocarbons prevail, boiling away at temperatures of 200-320°C. In the reservoir rocks, from where the watered oils are obtained, there are medium and heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, boiling at temperatures of 320-450°C. In unproductive sandy reservoirs with immobile viscous oil, only heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, which boiling at temperatures above 450°C, prevail. Thus, the oil recovery of terrigenous reservoirs is determined not by the composition of host rocks, but by the degree of oils oxidation contained in them.
Synthesis and antioxidant properties of novel 1,2,4-triazoles with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragments
Authors: Primerova O V , Koshelev V N , Sabitov E R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work describes the synthesis of novel derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole containing a hindered phenol fragment. Influence of the obtained compounds on the thermal-oxidative stability of the sealing liquid AG-4I was investigated. Triazolothiazoles with long alkyl substituents were found to exhibit better antioxidant properties compared to Agidol-1.
Method for measuring the active electrical resistance of a diffusion flame when burning liquid combustible substances
Authors: Stolyarov D V , Koroleva T I , Mikhailov K A , Shaposhnik D S , Ivachef M A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of studying the electrical properties of a flame in a fire. The article discusses a method for measuring the active electrical resistance of a diffusion flame when burning liquid combustible substances. The dependence of the electrical resistance of the flame torch on the geometric dimensions of the combustion zone and on the average volumetric temperature of the flame torch in the mode of the laminar flow of the combustible mixture has been established. An empirical dependence has been obtained, which makes it possible to calculate the value of the electrical resistance of the flame.
Information and communication technologies in environmental monitoring of climate change
Authors: Makhonko N I , Belousov S A , Tarasova E A , Plotnikova Yu A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problems of the Earth’s climate change as an object of environmental protection and an object of international cooperation. In the implementation of environmental and legal support for climate preservation by the countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation, characteristic features are manifested, which are due to the similarity of specific tasks. The aim of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of the institute of environmental monitoring associated with the dynamic implementation of the latest information and communication methods and systems in the implementation of mechanisms that prevent and stabilize changes in the Earth’s climate. The article analyzes the main program and legal documents of Denmark, Germany, France and Russia, their variability in determining special approaches to the study of climate change. Attempts to create an adequate system of convergence of national and international legal regulation in order to determine modern legal approaches to the problems of global warming have been studied and discussed in detail. Each of the represented countries has a national strategy for achieving carbon neutrality in the context of creating a circulating model of the modern economy. It is noted that for most of the topical issues, these strategies have common approaches: scientifically based methods of environmental monitoring, the introduction of innovative digital technologies and science-intensive information and communication methods and systems.
Social factors determining the social danger of acts in the sphere of functioning of objects of the fuel and energy complex
Authors: Provodina E V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study showed that an active and continuous fight against harmful effects on the environment caused by the operation of the fuel and energy complex facilities is carried out at various levels, including technological solutions, policy formation in the industry in question, as well as protection mechanisms for specific natural objects. An analysis of the methods available in science to minimize such consequences has shown that only an integrated approach to the situation will make it possible to achieve positive results. In this connection, the purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the social danger of acts in the field of the functioning of the objects of the fuel and energy complex, as the basis of preventive mechanisms in the field of environmental protection. The advantage of the presented approach consists in legal counteraction based on a combination of social factors, including an assessment of the potential danger emanating from the objects under consideration. The study of these factors is carried out, to a greater extent, in the context of criminal-legal prevention of reckless acts in the field of environmental safety, which determines its practical and theoretical significance.
Formation of mechanisms for creating innovative national polygons
Authors: Tretyakova L A , Azarova N A , Lavrikova N I , Opara M V , Tsvyrko A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Currently, the issues of environmental protection and conservation are becoming very acute. The development strategy of the world community is determined by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. According to this document, one of the priorities is to eliminate the harmful effects of carbon fuel emissions. In the world, about 80% of the energy produced is produced by burning carbon, which leads to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Annual CO2 emissions reach 33.1 billion tons, causing irreparable damage to the environment. Our nature will continue to develop and evolve under these conditions, but the drastic climate change, global warming, and the mutation of flora and fauna are tasks that require immediate solutions. As a solution to these problems, we can offer the use of alternative energy sources. They represent promising ways to obtain, transfer and use energy from renewable sources, reducing the risk of harm to the environment. Also, to reduce harmful CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are proposed, including carbon dioxide sequestration technologies, which are implemented in the form of CC (U) S (carbon capture, utilization and storage) projects. Another solution to the tasks set can be the creation of carbon landfills and farms that will allow us to develop technologies for monitoring carbon emissions and runoff.
An Overview of Palm Oil Production Processing in Nigeria: A Case Study of Ilashe, Nigeria
Authors: Biodiin M. B. , Akinlabi E. T. , Okokpujie I. P. , Fayomi O. S. I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPalm oil, which is extracted from the fleshy mesocarp of the palm fruit, has been a vital resource in the majority of Nigerians diet. The global need for palm oil is fast increasing because it serves as a source of income. After been refined, the oil is filtered to get a liquid fraction, which is being utilized as cooking oil. Furthermore, the Palm oil process involves the separation of the fruit from fibrous attachment, followed by the crushing of fruit, heating, and extracting the oil using an oilseed expeller, clarification in a filter press by sedimentation. This paper gives an overview of the plant layout of palm oil processing and the scheduling operation, which includes bunch reception, fruit removal, bunches sterilization, digestion of the fruit, extracting of palm oil, clarification of oil, oil storage, and recovery of the kernel. Furthermore, the survey of an area in Nigeria was also carried out to ascertain factors affecting the production of palm oil and individual view on the impact of processing. Due to the yield in oil palm enterprise, if the sector is judiciously managed, it will be a source of solution to problems that Nigeria is experiencing.
Effect of Demographic Characteristics on the choice of Paratransit Modes
Authors: Busari A.A. , Abatan O.G , Alao G.O. , Odunlami O. , Orekoya O. , Busari I.I. , Benson A.O , Moshood O.O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The absence of public transportation has led to the growth and expansion of paratransit modes. This has increased traffic congestion, traffic crashes and traffic pollution. This research assessed the effect of demographic characteristics on para transiting in Lagos with special focus on the mainland. To achieve the aim of this research, the mainland was divided into two zones based on the geographical location which are the Ikorodu and Ikeja zone. Domiciliary information techniques were used in data collection. This was backed up with an oral interview. Two hundred question (200) questionnaires were administered with 89% return rate. The information captured were demographic characteristics, the volume of trips, frequency of trips, trip types, operations of the paratransit transportation system, travel behaviour of passengers (travel time, travel cost, travel purpose). SPSS version 18 was used for the data analysis. The result of the survey revealed that paratransit modes serve as a feeder connection between neighbourhoods in the study area. Additionally, it provides a feeder connection between major arterial roads (truck A and B roads). Flexibility accounts for 41% of the reason why paratransit mode is preferred by respondents. The bivariate analysis showed a weak negative relationship for the correlation between frequency of trip and age. The outcome of this research will aid transportation planners, policymakers, and transportation experts on the appropriate strategy to adopt for effective mobility as a unimodal approach to providing effective movement may not be foreseeable in the study area.