bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOX9-induced Generation of Functional Astrocytes Supporting Neuronal Maturation in an All-human System
Authors: Neyrinck Katrien , Van Den Daele Johanna , Vervliet Tim , De Smedt Jonathan , Wierda Keimpe , Nijs Melissa , Vanbokhoven Tom , D’hondt Astrid , Planque Mélanie , Fendt Sarah-Maria , Shih Pei-Yu , Seibt Frederik , Almenar Juan Pita , Kreir Mohamed , Kumar Devesh , Broccoli Vania , Bultynck Geert , Ebneth Andreas , Cabrera-Socorro Alfredo , Verfaillie Catherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAstrocytes, the main supportive cell type of the brain, show functional impairments upon ageing and in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Limited access to human astroglia for pre-clinical studies has been a major bottleneck delaying our understanding of their role in brain health and disease. We demonstrate here that functionally mature human astrocytes can be generated by SOX9 overexpression for 6 days in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural progenitor cells. Inducible (i)SOX9-astrocytes display functional properties comparable to primary human astrocytes comprising glutamate uptake, induced calcium responses and cytokine/growth factor secretion. Importantly, electrophysiological properties of iNGN2-neurons co-cultured with iSOX9-astrocytes are indistinguishable from gold-standard murine primary cultures. The high yield, fast timing and the possibility to cryopreserve iSOX9-astrocytes without losing functional properties makes them suitable for scaled-up production for high-throughput analyses. Our findings represent a step forward to an all-human iPSC-derived neural model for drug development in neuroscience and towards the reduction of animal use in biomedical research.
Graphical Abstract
Szklary nickel deposit — a review and introduction to attempts in hydrometallurgical processing
Authors: Kaczan Wojciech , Kudełko Jan , Wirth Herbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSzklary Massif is situated about 60 km from Wrocław (southwestern Poland) and around 7 km from Ząbkowice Śląskie. The history of raw materials in this region started in the fifteenth century with the discovery of precious minerals like chrysoprase, chalcedony, and opal. The exploitation of nickel ore in this region started in the nineteenth century and was conducted with few stops until 1983. The remaining 17.21 mln mg of ore with 125,000 mg of nickel might be a chance to satisfy rising demand for raw materials used to develop electromobility. One of the crucial aspects regarding possible investment is the processing of ore. The pilot tests show the efficient use of heap leaching. The authors provide the future project in Szklary within the framework of circular economy.
Disability as a Problem of Humanity in Scottish Enlightenment Thought
Authors: Cleall Esme , Gust Onni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article makes a case that disability, particularly visual, hearing, and speech impairments, played a significant role in Scottish Enlightenment thought. Focusing on the work of Dugald Stewart, and in particular on his essay ‘Some account of a boy born blind and deaf’, we argue that disability was a deep preoccupation of Scottish Enlightenment thinkers who used it as a test case for various important philosophical questions including those concerning ‘human nature’ and the limits of humanity. The article starts by situating the philosophical debate in the context of lived experiences of, and proximity to, impairment. The second part offers a close reading of Stewart's text ‘Some account’, about James Mitchell, a fourteen-year-old deafblind boy living in the Scottish Highlands. The third part examines how disability operated in relation to other hierarchies of difference that have been demonstrated to have been central to Enlightenment thought, in particular that of race. Overall, the contribution this article makes is to introduce disability as an important, if currently overlooked, category in Scottish Enlightenment thought that needs further investigation.
Iran's “Self-Deprecating Modernity”: Toward Decolonizing Collective Self-Critique
Authors: Abedinifard Mostafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtant studies of Iranian nationalism accentuate the self-aggrandizing side of Iranian modernity, mainly achieved through, and informing, a process of otherizing certain non-Persians/Iranians, particularly the Arabs. I argue that equally important to understanding Iranian modernity is its lesser recognized, shameful and self-demeaning face, as manifested through a simultaneous 19th-century discourse, which I call “self-deprecating modernity.” This was an often self-ridiculing and shame-inducing, sometimes satirical, discourse featuring an emotion-driven and self-Orientalizing framework that developed out of many mid-nineteenth-century Iranian modernists’ obsessions with Europe's gaze; with self-surveillance; and with the perceived humiliation of Iranians through the ridiculing laughter of Other (especially European) nations at Iran's and Iranians’ expense. To explore this discourse, I re-examine the works of three pre-constitutionalist thinkers and writers within the broader sociopolitical context of late Qajar Iran, surveying their perspectives on shame, embarrassment, and ridiculing laughter, and showing how they were significantly informed by, while also helping to form, self-deprecating modernity. Given the strong, self-colonizing presumptions of this discourse, I conclude the article with a stress on the importance of re-exploring collective self-critical practices in modern Iranian history, culture, and literature with an eye toward decolonizing self-criticism.
Molecular evidence of three closely related species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea): a case of recent speciation in different fish hosts (Catostomidae)?
Authors: Uhrovič Dalibor , Oros Mikuláš , Kudlai Olena , Choudhury Anindo , Scholz Tomáš 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Consumer preferences for low-salt foods: a Danish case study based on a comprehensive supermarket intervention
Authors: Denver Sigrid , Christensen Tove , Nordström Jonas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective is to analyse Danish consumers’ attitudes to buying food with reduced salt content.Design:The study is based on a comprehensive store intervention that included 114 stores belonging to the same supermarket chain. Three different salt claims were tested for 8 weeks on six test products within the categories bread, cornflakes and frozen pizzas. Scanner data were supplemented with 134 brief interviews with consumers in nine selected stores.Setting:Stores spread across Denmark.Participants:Consumers who buy food in the stores.Results:Statistical regression analyses of the scanner data indicated that none of the three claims significantly affected demand for any of the test products. The interviews confirmed that many consumers were more focused on other elements of the official dietary advice than reduced salt consumption, such as eating plenty of vegetables, choosing products with whole grains and reducing their intake of sugar and fat.Conclusions:Overall, both the scanner data and the interviews pointed in the same direction, towards the conclusion that salt content is often a secondary factor when Danish consumers make dietary choices.
Equitable Exchange: A Framework for Diversity and Inclusion in the Geosciences
Authors: Harris L. A. , Garza C. , Hatch M. , Parrish J. , Posselt J. , Alvarez Rosario J. P. , Davidson E. , Eckert G. , Wilson Grimes K. , Garcia J. E. , Haacker R. , Horner‐Devine M. C. , Johnson A. , Lemus J. , Prakash A. , Thompson L. , Vitousek P. , Martin Bras M. P. , Reyes K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe highlight a mechanism for the coproduction of research with local communities as a means of elevating the social relevance of the geosciences, increasing the potential for broader and more diverse participation. We outline the concept of an “Equitable Exchange” as an ethical framework guiding these interactions. This principled research model emphasizes that “currencies”—the rewards and value from participating in research—may differ between local communities and geoscientists. For those engaged in this work, an Equitable Exchange emboldens boundary spanning geoscientists to bring their whole selves to the work, providing a means for inclusive climates and rewarding cultural competency.
Activation of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1-STAT3 cascade by extracellular matrix remodeling promotes liver metastatic colonization in uveal melanoma
Authors: Dai Wei , Liu Shenglan , Wang Shubo , Zhao Li , Yang Xiao , Zhou Jingfeng , Wang Yun , Zhang Jing , Zhang Ping , Ding Ke , Li Yangqiu , Pan Jingxuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColonization is believed a rate-limiting step of metastasis cascade. However, its underlying mechanism is not well understood. Uveal melanoma (UM), which is featured with single organ liver metastasis, may provide a simplified model for realizing the complicated colonization process. Because DDR1 was identified to be overexpressed in UM cell lines and specimens, and abundant pathological deposition of extracellular matrix collagen, a type of DDR1 ligand, was noted in the microenvironment of liver in metastatic patients with UM, we postulated the hypothesis that DDR1 and its ligand might ignite the interaction between UM cells and their surrounding niche of liver thereby conferring strengthened survival, proliferation, stemness and eventually promoting metastatic colonization in liver. We tested this hypothesis and found that DDR1 promoted these malignant cellular phenotypes and facilitated metastatic colonization of UM in liver. Mechanistically, UM cells secreted TGF-β1 which induced quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) into activated HSCs (aHSCs) which secreted collagen type I. Such a remodeling of extracellular matrix, in turn, activated DDR1, strengthening survival through upregulating STAT3-dependent Mcl-1 expression, enhancing stemness via upregulating STAT3-dependent SOX2, and promoting clonogenicity in cancer cells. Targeting DDR1 by using 7rh, a specific inhibitor, repressed proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo outgrowth. More importantly, targeting cancer cells by pharmacological inactivation of DDR1 or targeting microenvironmental TGF-β1-collagen I loop exhibited a prominent anti-metastasis effect in mice. In conclusion, targeting DDR1 signaling and TGF-β signaling may be a novel approach to diminish hepatic metastasis in UM.
FOXA1 and adaptive response determinants to HER2 targeted therapy in TBCRC 036
Authors: Angus Steven P. , Stuhlmiller Timothy J. , Mehta Gaurav , Bevill Samantha M. , Goulet Daniel R. , Olivares-Quintero J. Felix , East Michael P. , Tanioka Maki , Zawistowski Jon S. , Singh Darshan , Sciaky Noah , Chen Xin , He Xiaping , Rashid Naim U. , Chollet-Hinton Lynn , Fan Cheng , Soloway Matthew G. , Spears Patricia A. , Jefferys Stuart , Parker Joel S. , Gallagher Kristalyn K. , Forero-Torres Andres , Krop Ian E. , Thompson Alastair M. , Murthy Rashmi , Gatza Michael L. , Perou Charles M. , Earp H. Shelton , Carey Lisa A. , Johnson Gary L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInhibition of the HER2/ERBB2 receptor is a keystone to treating HER2-positive malignancies, particularly breast cancer, but a significant fraction of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers recur or fail to respond. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, like trastuzumab or pertuzumab, and ATP active site inhibitors like lapatinib, commonly lack durability because of adaptive changes in the tumor leading to resistance. HER2+ cell line responses to inhibition with lapatinib were analyzed by RNAseq and ChIPseq to characterize transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Motif analysis of lapatinib-responsive genomic regions implicated the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 as a mediator of adaptive responses. Lapatinib in combination with FOXA1 depletion led to dysregulation of enhancers, impaired adaptive upregulation of HER3, and decreased proliferation. HER2-directed therapy using clinically relevant drugs (trastuzumab with or without lapatinib or pertuzumab) in a 7-day clinical trial designed to examine early pharmacodynamic response to antibody-based anti-HER2 therapy showed reduced FOXA1 expression was coincident with decreased HER2 and HER3 levels, decreased proliferation gene signatures, and increased immune gene signatures. This highlights the importance of the immune response to anti-HER2 antibodies and suggests that inhibiting FOXA1-mediated adaptive responses in combination with HER2 targeting is a potential therapeutic strategy.
Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay
Authors: Jackson Rebecca , Kvorning Anna Bang , Limoges Audrey , Georgiadis Eleanor , Olsen Steffen M. , Tallberg Petra , Andersen Thorbjørn J. , Mikkelsen Naja , Giraudeau Jacques , Massé Guillaume , Wacker Lukas , Ribeiro Sofia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.
Artificial insemination and parthenogenesis in the whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum
Authors: Wyffels Jennifer T. , Adams Lance M. , Bulman Frank , Fustukjian Ari , Hyatt Michael W. , Feldheim Kevin A. , Penfold Linda M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon-lethal methods for semen collection from elasmobranchs to better understand species reproduction has accompanied the development of artificial insemination. Ejaculates (n = 82) collected from whitespotted bamboo sharksChiloscyllium plagiosum(n = 19) were assessed and cold-stored raw or extended at 4 °C. Females (n = 20) were inseminated with fresh or 24–48 h cold-stored raw or extended semen and paternity of offspring determined with microsatellite markers. Insemination of females with fresh semen (n = 10) resulted in 80 hatchlings and 27.6% fertility. Insemination of females with semen cold-stored 24 h (n = 4) and 48 h (n = 1) semen resulted in 17 hatchlings and fertilization rates of 28.1% and 7.1% respectively. Two females inseminated with fresh or cold-stored semen laid eggs that hatched from fertilization and parthenogenesis within the same clutch. Parthenogenesis rate for inseminated females was 0.71%. Results demonstrate artificial insemination with cold-stored semen can provide a strategy for transport of male genetics nationally and internationally, precluding the need to transport sharks. Production of parthenotes in the same clutch as sexually fertilized eggs highlights the prevalence of parthenogenesis in whitespotted bamboo sharks and poses important considerations for population management.
Optical and thermal properties of edible coatings for application in solar drying
Authors: López-Ortiz A. , Pacheco Pineda I. Y. , Méndez-Lagunas L. L. , Balbuena Ortega A. , Guerrero Martínez Laura , Pérez-Orozco J. P. , del Río J. A. , Nair P. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolar drying is a sustainable process that may impact the quality of dried food. This is because, pigments contained in food are sensitive to sunlight, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation can affect them. We applied biopolymer-based coatings on strawberry, from hydro-colloidal solutions of Opuntia ficus indica-mucilage, fenugreek, xanthan gum, gum Arabic, and guar gum to evaluate their potential use as UV filters for solar drying of food. Thermal properties and the optical transmittance, absorbance and reflectance of the coatings were measured to assess their influence on food-sunlight interaction. During the drying experiments, the moisture content, total anthocyanins (TA), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were measured. Optical and thermal properties are influenced by the biopolymer-based coatings. Also, the optical properties are influenced by the coating thickness. The differences in optical and thermal properties influence the drying process. Differences exist in the drying rate for strawberry slices with coating, compared with those without the coatings. In general, the TA and TPC content in the product are better preserved under solar drying than in control experiments done in a drying oven. A partial transmittance of solar UV radiation is recommended to obtain increased TA and TPC contents in the dried product.
Development of a multiplex mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of urinary proteins related to respiratory health
Authors: Nauwelaerts Sarah J. D. , Roosens Nancy H. C. , Bernard Alfred , De Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. , De Cremer Koen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRespiratory health of children is a health priority. Club cell protein (CC16) is an interesting biomarker of lung diseases and adverse effects towards the airway epithelium integrity. Osteopontin (OPN) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) also play a role in respiratory health. The use of urine as biomarker source is useful in studies involving children but necessitates proper adjustment for physiological confounders influencing the urinary excretion, potentially characterized with beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) or myoglobin (MYO), as well as adjustment for possible renal dysfunction, characterized by human serum albumin (HSA). The simultaneous quantification of all these proteins in urine could facilitate children’s health monitoring. A multiple reaction monitoring method (MRM) was developed and validated for the relative quantification of the seven mentioned urinary proteins. A total of nine proteotypic peptides were selected and used for the relative quantification of the seven proteins. The MRM method was completely validated for all proteins and partially for OPN. LOQ’s ranged from 0.3 to 42.8 ng/ml, a good reproducibility and a good linearity were obtained across the analytical measurement range (r2 > 0.98). The method yielded varying correlations (r2 of 0.78, 0.71, 0.34 and 0.15 for CC16, β2M, RBP4 and HSA respectively) with available immunoassay data. It also allowed the identification and successful quantification of β2M and RBP4 as a protein candidate for adjustment of renal handling and dysfunction. All proteins were detected in the urine samples except for MYO and NF-κB. Our validated MRM-method is able to simultaneously quantify in urine biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity and biomarkers of variation in renal function and urinary dilution. This will allow to investigate further in future studies if urine can be used as a good surrogate source for biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity, and to understand the complex relationship between cause and effect in children’s respiratory health monitoring.
Grain size dependent photoresponsivity in GaAs films formed on glass with Ge seed layers
Authors: Nishida T. , Igura K. , Imajo T. , Suemasu T. , Toko K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe strong correlation between grain size and photoresponsivity in polycrystalline GaAs films on glass was experimentally demonstrated using Ge seed layers with a wide range of grain sizes (1‒330 μm). The crystal evaluations using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that 500-nm-thick GaAs films epitaxially grown from the Ge seed layers at 550 °C inherited the grain boundaries and crystal orientations in Ge. With increasing grain size, the photoresponsivity corresponding to GaAs increased from 0.01 to 3 A W−1 under a bias voltage of 0.3 V. The maximum value approached that of the GaAs film formed simultaneously on a single-crystal Ge wafer, indicating the high potential of the large-grained GaAs film. Knowledge gained from this study will be essential for designing advanced solar cells based on polycrystalline III–V compound semiconductors using inexpensive substrates.
Kinetics of Cu, Pb and Zn removal during soil flushing with washing agents derived from sewage sludge
Authors: Klik Barbara , Gusiatin Zygmunt M. , Kulikowska Dorota 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the first tests of Cu (7875 mg/kg), Pb (1414 mg/kg) and Zn (566 mg/kg) removal from contaminated soil with sewage-sludge–derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA (as a standard benchmark) in column experiments. Flow rates of 0.5 ml/min and 1 ml/min were used. Using a 1. order kinetic model, the kinetic constant (k), the maximum concentrations of each metal removed (Cmax), and the initial rates of metal removal (r) were established. At both flow rates, stable flow velocity was maintained for approximately eight pore volumes, for flushing times of 8 h (1.0 ml/min) and 16 h (0.5 ml/min). Although the flow rate did not influence k, it influenced Cmax: at 1 ml/min, Cmax values were higher than at 0.5 ml/min. For Cu and Zn, but not Pb, k was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Although Na2EDTA gave the highest kCu, Cmax,Cu was highest with DOM (Na2EDTA, 66%; DOM 73%). For Pb removal, HLS was the most effective SS_WA (77%; Na2EDTA was 80% effective). kZn was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Cmax,Zn was highest with HLS. The quick mobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn with most of the WAs corresponded to efficient metal removal from the exchangeable (F1) fraction.
Magnetic reversal modes in cylindrical nanostructures: from disks to wires
Authors: Proenca Mariana P. , Rial Javier , Araujo Joao P. , Sousa Celia T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCylindrical magnetic nanowires are key elements of fast-recording and high-density 3D-storage devices. The accurate tuning of the magnetization processes at the nanoscale is crucial for the development of future nano-devices. Here, we analyzed the magnetization of Ni nanostructures with 15–100 nm in diameter and 12–230 nm in length and compared our results with experimental data for periodic arrays. Our modelling led to a phase diagram of the reversal modes where the presence of a critical diameter (d ≈ 30 nm) triggered the type of domain wall (DW) formed (transverse or vortex); while a critical length (L ≈ 100 nm) determined the number of DWs nucleated. Moreover, vortex-DWs originated from 3D skyrmion tubes, reported as one of the best configurations for storage devices. By increasing the diameter and aspect-ratio of nanowires with L > 100 nm, three reversal modes were observed: simultaneous propagation of two vortex-DWs; propagation of one vortex-DW; or spiral rotation of both DWs through “corkscrew” mechanism. Only for very low aspect-ratios (nanodisks), no skyrmion tubes were observed and reversal occurred by spiral rotation of one vortex-DW. The broad range of nanostructures studied allowed the creation of a complete phase diagram, highly important for future choice of nanoscaled dimensions in the development of novel nano-devices.