bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to racial injustice by listening and learning from employees
Authors: Cumberland Denise M. , Deckard Tyra G. , Ellinger Andrea D. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine a unique application of mega-events theory in a US health-care organization. The organization hosted 50 virtual listening calls (LCs) in the summer of 2020 to understand and to hear their employees’ voices regarding their emotions about issues of racial injustice and to solicit their ideas for creating a more inclusive workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used an illustrative, descriptive qualitative design. Using Saldaña’s (2015) structural coding approach, data from 388 employees who voluntarily participated in 50 virtual LCs were analyzed.

Findings
A total of eight themes with respective subthemes emerged regarding employees’ range of emotions and six themes emerged regarding employees’ specific suggestions for creating a more diverse and inclusive organization. This research suggests that hosting these open, virtual LCs enabled a space for employees to authentically voice their perspectives, learn from each other and afforded a powerful learning opportunity for organizational leaders to inform their diversity and inclusion practices.

Originality/value
This study represents a unique application of mega-events theory, focuses on pivotal events in the summer of 2020 that have been nationally and globally impactful and demonstrates the power of listening and learning to inform taking action in a health-care organization already constrained with the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial distress: evidence from developing economy
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Noor Amna 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the likelihood of financial distress for a sample of 139 Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms throughout 2008–2019.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator is used to examine the impact of CSR on financial distress. The investment in CSR is measured through a multidimensional financial approach which comprises the sum of the contribution made by the company in the form of charitable donation, employees’ welfare and research and development, while the Altman Z-score is used as an indicator of financial distress. The higher the Z-score, the lower will be the probability of financial distress.FindingsThe authors find a significant positive impact of CSR on financial distress in GMM model. This finding is consistent with the shareholder view and over-investment hypothesis of CSR as management makes an investment in CSR to get personal benefits, which resultantly leads the firm toward financial distress state. Further, this positive relationship remains present for firms having strong involvement in foreign business through exports.Research limitations/implicationsLike other studies, the present study is not free from limitations. First, financial firms are skipped from the sample, although literature witnesses a lot of studies highlight the financial firms’ commitment to achieving CSR goals. Second, financial distress occurs in different stages, and this study fails to establish a linkage between CSR engagement at different stages of financial distress. In the future, researchers can make valuable addition by covering these missing links in present studies.Practical implicationsFindings suggest several practical implications. For policymakers, they should encourage firms to adopt more socially responsible behavior as it not only prevents them from distress but also comes with better investment behavior, minimize bankruptcies and make economies more strong and stable. Second, results suggest corporate managers emphasize socially responsible behavior as its benefits are beyond the “societal benefits” as it lessens financial distress through lower cost of debt, lesser financial constraints and reduced cost of information asymmetry, and it minimizes the cost of capital. Lastly, investors make risk premium assessments related to future earnings by determining the likelihood of financial distress in the future.Originality/valueThe study extends the body of existing literature on CSR and the likelihood of financial distress in Pakistan, which is according to the best knowledge of the authors, not yet studied before. The results suggest that policymakers may pay special attention to the quality of CSR while predicting corporate financial distress.
Hybrid Offerings Sales Capability: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Schaarschmidt Mario , Walsh Gianfranco , Evanschitzky Heiner 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManufacturing‐oriented firms increasingly shift from transaction‐focused to value‐focused selling, and gain competitive advantages by selling innovative product–service bundles, known as hybrid offerings. The key purpose of this research is to develop a measure of hybrid offering sales capability (HOSC). In particular, following an established scale‐development paradigm, this study develops a measure to indicate firms’ capability to sell hybrid offerings in business‐to‐business markets, and it provides insights into the antecedents and consequences of such a capability. The conceptualization of HOSC emerged from a case study involving two companies and comprises four dimensions: recruiting, training, incentivizing and applying. A rigorous evaluation of the initial item pool produces a 10‐item, four‐component HOSC measure embedded in a conceptual model of three innovation‐related antecedents and firm performance as a key outcome. Tests of experimental, nomological and predictive validity were conducted using samples of 155 professionals, 135 decision‐makers in small and medium‐sized companies, and 164 industrial sales managers. The findings offer relevant implications for both research and the management of hybrid offerings at the sales level, which we summarize in the form of a future research agenda.
Internal coherence matters: Lessons for nutrition and dietetics research
Authors: Palermo Claire , Reidlinger Dianne P. , Rees Charlotte E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimInternal coherence in research refers to the alignment between ontology (nature of reality), epistemology (nature of knowledge), axiology (values), methodology and methods and is an important but often overlooked element of research quality. We therefore aimed to illustrate the concept of internal coherence in nutrition and dietetics research, and its importance beyond individual elements of study quality.MethodA targeted literature search in Nutrition and Dietetics was used to identify research illustrating one example of three main approaches to research (scientific, interpretive and critical inquiry) published between November 2017 and November 2020. Studies were included if they related to education research based on the expertise of the authors, and illustrated diverse points about internal coherence. The authors independently critiqued included studies for internal coherence and synthesised their findings.ResultsFrom 76 manuscripts, 14 were identified as describing education research. Of the three selected studies that were critiqued, all had elements of internal coherence, in particular alignment between epistemology and methodology. However, each had elements of misalignment too, specifically between epistemology, axiology and method. The results point to the profession's historical groundings privileging the scientific approach, showing how this can yield misalignments, particularly when describing the limitations of interpretive and critical inquiry approaches.ConclusionThis review demonstrates the importance of internal coherence as a marker of quality, over and above existing quality assessment checklists for qualitative and quantitative methodologies. As such, it can help authors, reviewers and editors to improve the quality of nutrition and dietetics research and its reporting.
Sirtuin 6 promotes eosinophil differentiation by activating GATA‐1 transcription factor
Authors: Bang In Hyuk , Park Dami , Lee Youngyi , Cho Hwangeui , Park Byung‐Hyun , Bae Eun Ju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is evidence emerging that exposure to cold temperatures enhances alternative activation of macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT), which promotes adipocyte beiging and adaptive thermogenesis. Although we recently reported that NAD+‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) drives alternatively activated (M2) macrophage polarization, the role of myeloid Sirt6 in adaptive thermogenesis had remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that myeloid Sirt6 deficiency impaired both thermogenic responses and M2 macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) during cold exposure. Moreover, the infiltration of Siglec‐F‐positive eosinophils in scWAT and Th2 cytokines levels was reduced in myeloid Sirt6 knockout mice. An ex vivo bone marrow‐derived cell culture experiment indicated that Sirt6 was required for eosinophil differentiation independent of its deacetylase activity. Data from our in vitro experiments show that Sirt6 acted as a transcriptional cofactor of GATA‐1, independent of its catalytic function as a deacetylase or ADP‐ribosyltransferase. Specifically, Sirt6 physically interacted with GATA‐1, and enhanced GATA‐1’s acetylation and transcriptional activity by facilitating its cooperation with p300. Overall, our results suggest that myeloid Sirt6 plays an important role in eosinophil differentiation and fat beiging/adaptive thermogenesis, which is at least in part due to its ability to bind GATA‐1 and stimulate its transcriptional activity.
The prevalence of right‐sided colonic diverticulosis in a New Zealand population
Authors: Turner Greg A. , O'Grady Michael J. , Senadeera Sajith C. , Wakeman Chris J. , McCombie Andrew , Purcell Rachel V. , Frizelle Frank A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnce considered to be a congenital condition, the epidemiology of right‐sided colonic diverticulosis (RCD) is evolving. Acute diverticulitis (AD) is a complication of RCD which is frequently misdiagnosed as appendicitis, resulting in unnecessary surgery, as there is strong evidence supporting medical management for right‐sided AD. In general, the incidence of AD correlates with the prevalence of RCD, which shows marked geographic variation. Few data reporting RCD prevalence come from Western countries, so the aim of this study is to define the prevalence of RCD in a New Zealand population.MethodsIndependent review of the imaging from 1000 consecutive patients undergoing a computed tomography Kidney/Ureter/Bladder scan for suspected urolithiasis at Christchurch Hospital between January and November 2017 was undertaken, to determine the presence or absence, and distribution of colonic diverticulosis. Patients were excluded if they had a history of colonic resection, known IBD, or were less than 18‐years old.ResultsThirty‐one patients were excluded, leaving 969 eligible patients. Overall, 95 patients (9.8%) had RCD identified. The prevalence of RCD increased significantly with advancing age, being present in 2.3% of those aged 18–29, increasing to 20.3% in those greater than 70‐years old (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of RCD in a New Zealand population is relatively high and increases significantly with age. This adds support to the role of cross‐sectional imaging in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis, to exclude right‐sided AD. The association with advancing age supports RCD being an acquired condition rather than a congenital condition as was previously thought.
An alternative electroretinography protocol for children: a study of diagnostic agreement and accuracy relative to ISCEV standard electroretinograms
Authors: Marmoy Oliver R. , Moinuddin Mohammed , Thompson Dorothy A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the diagnostic accuracy and agreement between a paediatric electroretinography protocol used at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH‐ERG) and the ‘gold standard’ international protocol (ISCEV‐ERG) in health and disease.MethodsPatient databases between 2010 and 2020 were screened to identify children with an ISCEV‐ERG recorded within four years of a GOSH‐ERG. Electroretinogram (ERG) component peak times and amplitudes were re‐measured, and data were analysed in terms of absolute abnormality and proportional deviation from respective reference ranges. Abnormality was defined by the retinal system affected and by individual ERG a‐ and b‐wave component analysis.ResultsA total of 59 patients were included: 38 patients had retinal disease defined by an abnormal ISCEV‐ERG and 21 had normal ISCEV‐ERGs. When absolute abnormality was defined by combined retinal systems, the GOSH‐ERG showed an excellent overall sensitivity of 95% (accuracy 86%). Individual retinal systems showed good–excellent sensitivity (67%–100%) and specificity (68%–97%). Electroretinogram (ERG) component sensitivities ranged between 60% and 97% and specificities between 79% and 97% dependent upon the protocol step. The proportional relationship appeared mostly linear between protocols. Electroretinogram (ERG) morphology was comparable for both protocols in a range of retinal diseases including those with pathognomonic ERGs.ConclusionWe demonstrate the high diagnostic accuracy of a paediatric ERG protocol (GOSH‐ERG) relative to ISCEV standard ERGs. The close proportional deviation and similar waveform morphology indicate ERGs from each protocol are similarly affected in disease. This encourages the use of the GOSH‐ERG protocol in the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of retinal disease in children who are unable to comply with the rigorous ISCEV‐ERG protocol.
Design‐based properties of the nearest neighbor spatial interpolator and its bootstrap mean squared error estimator
Authors: Fattorini Lorenzo , Marcheselli Marzia , Pisani Caterina , Pratelli Luca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNearest neighbor spatial interpolation for mapping continuous populations and finite populations of areas or units is approached from a design‐based perspective, that is, populations are fixed, and uncertainty stems from the sampling scheme adopted to select locations. We derive conditions for design‐based pointwise and uniform consistency of the nearest neighbor interpolators. We prove that consistency holds under certain schemes that are widely applied in environmental and forest surveys. Furthermore, we propose a pseudopopulation bootstrap estimator of the root mean squared errors of the interpolated values. Finally, a simulation study is performed to assess the theoretical results.
Effect of Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction on dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate in adults with self‐reported stress. A randomized trial
Authors: Jørgensen Maja Arena , Pallesen Karen Johanne , Fjorback Lone Overby , Juul Lise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLong‐term stress can lead to long‐term increased cortisol plasma levels, which increases the risk of numerous diseases. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEAS), together DHEA(S), have shown to counteract some of the effects of cortisol and may be protective during stress. The program “Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction” (MBSR) has shown to have positive effects on stress. The present study examined a possible effect of MBSR on DHEAS in plasma compared to a waiting list and a locally developed stress reduction program (LSR) in people with self‐reported stress. The study was a three‐armed randomized controlled trial conducted in a municipal health care center in Denmark. It included 71 participants with self‐reported stress randomized to either MBSR (n = 24) or LSR (n = 23), or a waiting list (n = 24). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 12 weeks follow‐up to estimate effects of MBSR on DHEAS. The effect of MBSR on DHEAS was statistically significant compared to both the waiting list and LSR. We found a mean effect of 0.70 µmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18–1.22) higher DHEAS in the MBSR group compared with the waiting list group and a mean effect of 0.54 µmol/L (95% CI = 0.04–1.05) higher DHEAS in the MBSR group compared with the LSR group. Findings indicate an effect on DHEAS of the MBSR program compared to a waiting list and LSR program in people with self‐reported stress. However, we consider our findings hypothesis‐generating and validation by future studies is essential.
Levetiracetam as the first‐line treatment for neonatal seizures: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hooper Robert G , Ramaswamy Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry , Wahid Rachael M , Satodia Prakash , Bhulani Adarsh 
Published: June 2021

AimTo assess the effectiveness and safety of levetiracetam when used as first‐line treatment of neonatal seizures.MethodFour electronic databases, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception until 20th November 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that included neonates born preterm and term were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measure was levetiracetam effectiveness, defined as seizure cessation within 24 hours of starting treatment. Secondary outcomes included short‐term adverse events, mortality before discharge, and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes.ResultsFourteen studies assessing 1188 neonates were included: four RCTs, three observational trials with phenobarbital as the control arm, and seven observational studies of levetiracetam with no control arm. Pooled efficacy of levetiracetam from observational studies was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34–57%) (GRADE – very low). Meta‐analysis of RCTs evaluating levetiracetam versus phenobarbital showed that both were equally effective (risk ratio [95% CI] 0.6 [0.30–1.20]) (GRADE – very low). Levetiracetam resulted in a lower risk of short‐term adverse events compared to phenobarbital (risk ratio [95% CI] 0.24 [0.06–0.92]) (GRADE – moderate).InterpretationVery low certainty of evidence suggests levetiracetam might not be more effective than phenobarbital. Moderate certainty of evidence indicates levetiracetam is associated with a lower risk of adverse events. Future trials on neonatal antiseizure medication therapy should include continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring as standard of care and enrol a homogenous population with similar seizure aetiology.
What this paper adds

Levetiracetam is effective in 45% of neonatal seizures.

Levetiracetam might not be more effective than phenobarbital.

Levetiracetam is likely to be safer than phenobarbital.

Evidence available is limited and of very low certainty.
Left lateralization of neonatal caudate microstructure affects emerging language development at 24 months
Authors: Tan Ai Peng , Ngoh Zhen Ming , Yeo Shayne Siok Peng , Koh Dawn Xin Ping , Gluckman Peter , Chong Yap Seng , Daniel Lourdes Mary , Rifkin‐Graboi Anne , Fortier Marielle V. , Qiu Anqi , Meaney Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe complex interaction between brain and behaviour in language disorder is well established. Yet to date, the imaging literature in the language disorder field has continued to pursue heterogeneous and relatively small clinical cross‐sectional samples, with emphasis on cortical structures and volumetric analyses of subcortical brain structures. In our current work, we aimed to go beyond this state of knowledge to focus on the microstructural features of subcortical brain structures (specifically the caudate nucleus) in a large cohort of neonates and study its association with emerging language skills at 24 months. Variations in neonatal brain microstructure could be interpreted as a proxy for in utero brain development. As language development is highly dependent on cognitive function and home literacy environment, we also examined their effect on the caudate–language function relationship utilizing a conditional process model. Our findings suggest that emerging language development at 24 months is influenced by the degree of left lateralization of neonatal caudate microstructure, indexed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐derived fractional anisotropy (FA). FA is an indirect measure of neuronal and dendritic density within grey matter structures. We also found that the caudate–language function relationship is partially mediated by cognitive function. The conditional indirect effect of left caudate FA on language composite score through cognitive function was only statistically significant at low levels of home literacy score (−1 standard deviation [SD]). The authors proposed that this may be related to ‘compensatory’ development of cognitive skills in less favourable home literacy environments.
Statistical modelling of measurement error in wet chemistry soil data
Authors: van Leeuwen Cynthia C. E. , Mulder Vera L. , Batjes Niels H. , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a growing demand for high‐quality soil data. However, soil measurements are subject to many error sources. We aimed to quantify uncertainties in synthetic and real‐world wet chemistry soil data through a linear mixed‐effects model, including batch and laboratory effects. The use of synthetic data allowed us to investigate how accurately the model parameters were estimated for various experimental measurement designs, whereas the real‐world case served to explore if estimates of the random effect variances were still accurate for unbalanced datasets with few replicates. The variance estimates for synthetic data were unbiased, but limited laboratory information led to imprecise estimates. The same was observed for unbalanced synthetic datasets, where 20, 50 and 80% of the data were removed randomly. Removal led to a sharp increase of the interquartile range (IQR) of the variance estimates for batch effect and the residual. The model was also fitted to real‐world and total organic carbon (TOC) data, provided by the Wageningen Evaluating Programmes for Analytical Laboratories (WEPAL). For , the model yielded unbiased estimates with relatively small IQRs. However, the limited number of batches with replicate measurements (5.8%) caused the batch effect to be larger than expected. A strong negative correlation between batch effect and residual variance suggested that the model could not distinguish well between these two random effects. For TOC, batch effect was removed from the model as no replicates were available within batches. Again, unbiased model estimates were obtained. However, the IQRs were relatively large, which could be attributed to the smaller dataset with only a single replicate measurement. Our findings demonstrated the importance of experimental measurement design and replicate measurements in the quantification of uncertainties in wet chemistry soil data.Highlights
Accurate uncertainty quantification depends on the experimental measurement design.
Linear mixed‐effects models can be used as a tool to quantify uncertainty in wet chemistry soil data.
Lack of replicate measurements leads to poor estimates of error variance components.
Measurement error in wet chemistry soil data should not be ignored.