bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of regulatory interventions on agomelatine use in Spain: A multiple intervention time‐series analysis in a nationwide electronic healthcare record database
Authors: González‐Bermejo Diana , Castillo‐Cano Belén , Rodríguez‐Pascual Alfonso , García‐Martín Mª. Félix , Álvarez‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Montero‐Corominas Dolores , Huerta‐Álvarez Consuelo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver injury is an important identified risk for agomelatine and several measures were put in place to prevent and minimize such risk. The study aims to assess the impact of four interventions on the incidence of agomelatine use, particularly among patients aged ≥75 in Spain between 2011 and 2018.MethodsQuasi‐experimental interrupted time‐series analysis to examine data from a nationwide electronic healthcare record database (BIFAP). Quarterly cumulative incidence of agomelatine use per 100 000 patients was calculated and the impact of four regulatory interventions was quantified.ResultsThe incidence of agomelatine use decreased by 85% and 87% from first quarter 2011 to last quarter 2018 in patients below and above 75 years old, respectively. Regulatory actions taken were not associated with an immediate and significant falling level of use or slope. The incidence was less than expected 6 months after the first and third intervention for patients below and above 75 years old, and more than expected after the second and fourth intervention for both populations, though these analyses were underpowered to observe significant results. The downward trend became less pronounced, reaching a residual level of use, which remained stable in the last segment of the study period.ConclusionNew users of agomelatine decreased throughout the study period, starting before interventions took place. The effect of specific interventions might be masked by the progressive decrease tendency, constant over the study period. The effects of external factors that might overlap, unintended consequences, and issues concerning statistical modeling in situations where rates are already falling, should be considered when interpreting the results.
Role of lysine amino acid in zinc‐based ionic thermoplastic elastomer: Dosage‐properties correlation study
Authors: Pal Sanjay , Das Mithun , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) materials have substantial scientific and commercial value due to their recyclable nature and wide adaptive applications. This article presents experimental results and analysis on the effects of the addition of “zwitterionic component” on various properties of maleic anhydride–grafted ethylene–propylene (M‐EPM)–based ionic TPEs. For this purpose, L‐lysine amino acid has been used, which contains a zwitterionic group and a primary amine group. The present work aims to understand how zwitterionic compounds can influence the behavior of the typical ionic TPEs. In this work, a reference ionic TPE sample and different test batches were prepared by varying the dosage of lysine amino acid in the rubber compound. Samples were easily prepared by using conventional rubber processing equipment, such as an internal mixer, two‐roll mill, and hydraulic press. Mechanical and other physical properties were investigated to examine the ionic cluster formation assisted by lysine amino acid. Adverse and favorable aspects of using lysine amino acid in zinc‐based M‐EPM ionic TPE have been discussed comprehensively.
Patient perspectives on falls in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Matsuda Patricia Noritake , Hoffman Jeanne M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionFalls and their consequences are known to be major contributors to decreased health and well‐being in older adults. Several studies suggest that fall rates are higher among individuals with disabling conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how individuals with a disability define falls or understand their consequences.ObjectiveTo gain the perspective of community‐dwelling adults living with MS about falls and their consequences and to understand the conditions and circumstances surrounding falls, and to identify the specific attributes of a community fall‐prevention program that would facilitate participation.DesignFocus groups or individual interviews were conducted with people with MS.Setting/ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults living with MS (n = 20) (men = 8 [34.7%], mean age 63.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 5.3, range 55‐75]). Average time since diagnosis was 20.6 years (SD 9.6, range 9‐44).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresNot applicable.ResultsAll participants agreed that the definition of a fall required “ending up on the floor.” However, the starting point differed depending on mobility ability and device use. When using the most common research definition, individuals reported an increase in their number of falls as compared to when using their personal definition. Most participants considered “fear of falling” to be different from “concern about falling.” Participants wanted to learn how to fall and would not join a program with the word “fall” in the title.ConclusionsResults suggest that fall data for individuals with MS may not be reported accurately. Health care providers would get more accurate data if they provide specific definitions for falls and ask specifically about fear and concern about falling. Patient‐centered programming needs to be developed that includes both how to fall and how to engage people with MS, including potential facilitators and barriers to participation.
FPredX: Interpretable models for the prediction of spectral maxima, brightness, and oligomeric states of fluorescent proteins
Authors: Tam Chunlai , Zhang Kam Y. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluorescent protein (FP) design is among the challenging protein design problems due to the tradeoffs among multiple properties to be optimized. Despite the accumulated efforts in design and characterization, progress has been slow in gaining a full understanding of sequence–property relationships to tackle the multiobjective design problem in FPs. In this study, we approach this problem by developing FPredX, a collection of gradient‐boosted decision tree models, which mapped FP sequences to four major design targets of FPs, including excitation maximum, emission maximum, brightness, and oligomeric state. By training using one‐hot encoded multiple aligned sequences with hyperparameters optimization in each model, FPredX models showed excellent prediction performance for all target properties compared with existing methods. We further interpreted the FPredX models by comparing the importance of positions along the aligned FP sequence to the predictive performance and suggested positions, which showed differential importance deemed by FPredX models to the prediction of each target property.
Novel BaSnO3/TiO2@HNTs Heterojunction Composites with Highly Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability
Authors: Li Taishan , Jiang Ao , Di Yuli , Zhang Dafu , Zhu Xiaodong , Deng Lin , Ding Xiaoyu , Chen Shanhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe novel BaSnO3/TiO2@HNTs photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by co‐precipitation peroxide and sol‐gel methods. Microstructures, morphologies, compositions, optical and electrochemical properties of the composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and ion chromatography (IC) methods. The effects of different mass ratios of BaSnO3 and TiO2@HNTs, initial concentration and pH of methylene blue (MB) on the photocatalytic degradation performance of the composites were studied via photodegradation of MB under simulated sunlight irradiation. The characterization results showed that BaSnO3/TiO2 heterojunction and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) enhanced the electron‐hole pairs separation. The BaSnO3/TiO2@HNTs (BTH‐0.6) composites presented the highest specific surface area (67.957 m2/g), photocatalytic activity (92 %), and MB (Ct=40 mg/L, pH 7) degradation efficiency (2‐4 times that of TiO2, BaSnO3 and BaSnO3/TiO2). Furthermore, the capture experiments verified that ⋅OH, h+ and ⋅O2− were the main active substances during the photo‐catalytic reaction, and a possible degradation mechanism was suggested for their photocatalytic degradation in the presence of BaSnO3/TiO2@HNTs.
Contribution of the Sub‐Surface to Electrocatalytic Activity in Atomically Precise La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Lee Jegon , Adiga Prajwal , Lee Sang A , Nam Seung Hyun , Ju Hyeon‐Ah , Jung Min‐Hyoung , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Young‐Min , Wong Cindy , Elzein Radwan , Addou Rafik , Stoerzinger Kelsey A. , Choi Woo Seok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic reactions are known to take place at the catalyst/electrolyte interface. Whereas recent studies of size‐dependent activity in nanoparticles and thickness‐dependent activity of thin films imply that the sub‐surface layers of a catalyst can contribute to the catalytic activity as well, most of these studies consider actual modification of the surfaces. In this study, the role of catalytically active sub‐surface layers was investigated by employing atomic‐scale thickness control of the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) films and heterostructures, without altering the catalyst/electrolyte interface. The activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shows a non‐monotonic thickness dependence in the LSMO films and a continuous screening effect in LSMO/SrRuO3 heterostructures. The observation leads to the definition of an “electrochemically‐relevant depth” on the order of 10 unit cells. This study on the electrocatalytic activity of epitaxial heterostructures provides new insight in designing efficient electrocatalytic nanomaterials and core‐shell architectures.
Sub‐Nanometer Confined Ions and Solvent Molecules Intercalation Capacitance in Microslits of 2D Materials
Authors: Guo Yaqing , Hong Xufeng , Su Yaqiong , Luo Wen , Yu Ruohan , Wu Jinsong , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Mai Liqiang , Cao Yuancheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ion intercalation behavior in 2D materials is widely applied in energy storage, electrocatalysis, and desalination. However, the detailed effect of ions on the performance, combining the influence of interlayer force and the change of solvent shell, is far less well understood. Here the solvated alkali metal ions with different sizes are intercalated into the lattice of 2D materials with different spacings (Ti3C2Tx, δ‐MnO2, and reduced graphene oxide) to construct the intercalation model related with sub‐nanometer confined ions and solvent molecules to further understand the intercalation capacitance. Based on electrochemical methods and density functional theory calculation, the ions lose the electrostatic shielding solvent shell or shorten the distance between the layers, resulting in a significant increase in capacitance. It is found that the intercalation capacitance arises from the diffusion of solvated ions and is controlled by quantum and electrochemical capacitance for desolvated ions. This effect of solvation structure on performance can be applied in a variety of electrochemical interface studies and provides a new research view for energy storage mechanisms.
School of Data and Shifting Forms of Political Subjectivity
Authors: Dander Valentin , Macgilchrist Felicitas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigital media are increasingly ‘data media’ and data media are involved in various forms of political activism. This chapter reconstructs political subjectivities around figurations of the ‘digital citizen’ within the field of (open) data activism. The authors draw on interviews, document analysis and concepts from modern and post-sovereign political theories of subjectivation to explore the transformative educational work of the Datenschule (School of Data) project, focusing on the intersection between open data and anti-discriminatory activism. The chapter suggests that although School of Data explicitly positions its work as supporting ‘skills’ acquisition (data literacy), indicating a modernist understanding of subjectivity, the project also generates an understanding of political subjectivation as a multiplicity of distributed transformative processes, entangling data literacy with power structures, data-related and organisational practices.
Time series analysis of foodborne diseases during 2012–2018 in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Siguo , Peng Zhao , Zhou Yan , Zhang Jinzhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to use the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen city and help guide efforts to prevent foodborne disease. The data of foodborne diseases in Shenzhen comes from the infectious diarrhea surveillance network, community foodborne disease surveillance network, and student foodborne disease surveillance network. The incidence data from January 2012 to December 2017 was used for the model-constructing, while the data from January 2018 to December 2018 was used for the model-validating. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to assess the performance of the model. The monthly foodborne disease incidence from January 2012 to December 2017 in Shenzhen was between 954 and 32,863 with an incidence rate between 4.77 and 164.32/100,000 inhabitants. The ARIMA (1,1,0) was an adequate model for the change in monthly foodborne disease incidence series, yielding a MAPE of 5.34%. The mathematical formula of the ARIMA (1,1,0) model was (1 − B) × log(incidencet) = 0.04338 + εt/(1 + 0.51106B). The predicted foodborne disease incidences in the next three years were 635,751, 1,069,993, 1,800,838, respectively. Monthly foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen were shown to follow the ARIMA (1,1,0) model. This model can be considered adequate for predicting future foodborne disease incidence in Shenzhen and can aid in the decision-making processes.
Differential Leukocyte MicroRNA Responses Following Pan T Cell, Allorecognition and Allosecretome-Based Therapeutic Activation
Authors: Yang Xining , Toyofuku Wendy M. , Scott Mark D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective immunomodulation of T-cell responses is critical in treating both autoimmune diseases and cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that secretomes derived from control or methoxypolyethylene glycol mixed lymphocyte alloactivation assays exerted potent immunomodulatory activity that was mediated by microRNAs (miRNA). The immunomodulatory effects of biomanufactured miRNA-based allo-secretome therapeutics (SYN, TA1, IA1 and IA2) were compared to Pan T-cell activators (PHA and anti-CD3/CD28) and lymphocyte alloactivation. The differential effects of these activation strategies on resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assessed via T-cell proliferation, subset analysis and miRNA expression profiles. Mitogen-induced PBMC proliferation (> 85%) significantly exceeded that arising from either allostimulation (~ 30%) or the pro-inflammatory IA1 secretome product (~ 12%). Consequent to stimulation, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells of the resting PBMC (CD4:CD8; 1.7 ± 0.1) decreased in the Pan T cell, allrecognition and IA1 activated cells (averages of 1.1 ± 0.2; 1.2 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1). These changes arose consequent to the expansion of both CD4+CD8+ and CD4–CD8– populations as well as the shrinkage of the CD4 subset and the expansion of the CD8 T cells. Importantly, these activation strategies induced vastly different miRNA expression profiles which were associated with significant differences in cellular differentiation and biological function. These findings support the concept that the “differential patterns of miRNA expression” regulate the biologic immune response in a “lock and key” manner. The biomanufacturing of miRNA-enriched secretome biotherapeutics may be a successful therapeutic approach for the systemic treatment of autoimmune diseases (TA1) and cancer (IA1).
Emulsifying properties of lentil protein preparations obtained by dry fractionation
Authors: Funke Matthias , Loeffler Myriam , Winkelmeyer Caspar , Krayer Mareike , Boom Remko , Weiss Jochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDry fractionated legume protein ingredients are gaining attention as alternatives to conventional solvent extracted legume proteins, being more resource efficient and often exhibiting novel functional properties. However, lack of knowledge about the relationship between composition and functionality limit a more wide-spread use of dry-fractionated legume protein in applications. In this study, lentil fractions of different degrees of refinement were prepared using air classification having protein and starch contents of 16–59% and 4–64%, respectively. The dry fractionated lentil fractions could emulsify and stabilize 10 wt% oil-in-water emulsions, while a conventional lentil protein isolate used for comparison was not able to form stable emulsions. The latter had significantly larger mean droplet diameters (around 20 µm) due to droplet flocculation than emulsions made with the different lentil fractions ranging between 0.3 and 5.5 µm. Similar surface charges (between −22 and −31 mV) indicated that the discrepancy could be ascribed to differences in steric repulsion and mechanical strength of the interfacial layers between conventionally and dry fractionated lentil. Storage stability tests of emulsions stabilized with dry fractionated samples resulted in separation into a low and higher density phase with the individual droplets being stable against coalescence in both phases. The phase separation was attributed to gravimetrical sedimentation of larger insoluble components accumulating in the denser phase, which was impacted by the degree of refinement by air classification. The results highlight the potential of dry fractionation for the production of sustainable ingredients with unique composition and functionality.
The force-generation capacity of the tibialis anterior muscle at different muscle–tendon lengths depends on its motor unit contractile properties
Authors: Cudicio Alessandro , Martinez-Valdes Eduardo , Cogliati Marta , Orizio Claudio , Negro Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Muscle–tendon length can influence central and peripheral motor unit (MU) characteristics, but their interplay is unknown. This study aims to explain the effect of muscle length on MU firing and contractile properties by applying deconvolution of high-density surface EMG (HDEMG), and torque signals on the same MUs followed at different lengths during voluntary contractions.

Methods
Fourteen participants performed isometric ankle dorsiflexion at 10% and 20% of the maximal voluntary torque (MVC) at short, optimal, and long muscle lengths (90°, 110°, and 130° ankle angles, respectively). HDEMG signals were recorded from the tibialis anterior, and MUs were tracked by cross-correlation of MU action potentials across ankle angles and torques. Torque twitch profiles were estimated using model-based deconvolution of the torque signal based on composite MU spike trains.

Results
Mean discharge rate of matched motor units was similar across all muscle lengths (P = 0.975). Interestingly, the increase in mean discharge rate of MUs matched from 10 to 20% MVC force levels at the same ankle angle was smaller at 110° compared with the other two ankle positions (P = 0.003), and the phenomenon was explained by a greater increase in twitch torque at 110° compared to the shortened and lengthened positions (P = 0.002). This result was confirmed by the deconvolution of electrically evoked contractions at different stimulation frequencies and muscle–tendon lengths.

Conclusion
Higher variations in MU twitch torque at optimal muscle lengths likely explain the greater force-generation capacity of muscles in this position.
Stochastic local FEM for computational homogenization of heterogeneous materials exhibiting large plastic deformations
Authors: Pivovarov Dmytro , Mergheim Julia , Willner Kai , Steinmann Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComputational homogenization is a powerful tool allowing to obtain homogenized properties of materials on the macroscale from simulations of the underlying microstructure. The response of the microstructure is, however, strongly affected by variations in the microstructure geometry. In particular, we consider heterogeneous materials with randomly distributed non-overlapping inclusions, which radii are also random. In this work we extend the earlier proposed non-deterministic computational homogenization framework to plastic materials, thereby increasing the model versatility and overall realism. We apply novel soft periodic boundary conditions and estimate their effect in case of non-periodic material microstructures. We study macroscopic plasticity signatures like the macroscopic von-Mises stress and make useful conclusions for further constitutive modeling. Simulations demonstrate the effect of the novel boundary conditions, which significantly differ from the standard periodic boundary conditions, and the large influence of parameter variations and hence the importance of the stochastic modeling.
An approach for evaluating the bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements using edible and inedible plants—the Remance (Panama) mining area as a model
Authors: González-Valoys Ana Cristina , Jiménez Salgado José Ulises , Rodríguez Rita , Monteza-Destro Tisla , Vargas-Lombardo Miguel , García-Noguero Eva María , Esbrí José María , Jiménez-Ballesta Raimundo , García-Navarro Francisco Jesús , Higueras Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMining affects the environment, particularly through the persistence of accumulation of tailings materials; this is aggravated under tropical climatic conditions, which favours the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) bioavailable to the local flora and fauna and supposing a risk to human health. The Remance gold mine (Panamá), exploited intermittently for more than 100 years, and has remained derelict for over 20 years. Within the area live farmers who carry out subsistence agriculture and livestock activities. The objective of this study has been to study the transference of PTEs in the local agricultural soil-plants system, with the goal of identifying their bioavailability to perform a human risk assessment. The results obtained of the Bioaccumulation coefficient in local plants show very weak to strong absorption of As (< 0.001–1.50), Hg (< 0.001–2.38), Sb (0.01–7.83), Cu (0.02–2.89), and Zn (0.06–5.32). In the case of Cu in grass (18.3 mg kg−1) and plants (16.9 mg kg−1) the concentrations exceed the maximum authorised value in animal nutrition for ruminants (10 mg kg−1). The risk to human health for edible plants exceeds the non-carcinogenic risk for rice, corn, cassava, and tea leaves for Sb (HQ 19.450, 18.304, 6.075, 1.830, respectively), the carcinogenic risk for Cu (CR = 2.3 × 10–3, 7.7 × 10 −4, 1.1 × 10–3, 1.0 × 10–3, respectively), and the carcinogenic risk for As in rice, corn and tea leaves (CR = 8 × 10–5, 3 × 10–5, 3 × 10–5, respectively). Urgent measures are needed to alleviate these effects.