bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized low‐rank nonrigid motion‐corrected reconstruction for MR fingerprinting
Authors: Cruz Gastao , Qi Haikun , Jaubert Olivier , Kuestner Thomas , Schneider Torben , Botnar Rene Michael , Prieto Claudia 
Published: October 2021

PurposeDevelop a novel low‐rank motion‐corrected (LRMC) reconstruction for nonrigid motion‐corrected MR fingerprinting (MRF).MethodsGeneralized motion‐corrected (MC) reconstructions have been developed for steady‐state imaging. Here we extend this framework to enable nonrigid MC for transient imaging applications with varying contrast, such as MRF. This is achieved by integrating low‐rank dictionary‐based compression into the generalized MC model to reconstruct MC singular images, reducing motion artifacts in the resulting parametric maps. The proposed LRMC reconstruction was applied for cardiac motion correction in 2D myocardial MRF (T1 and T2) with extended cardiac acquisition window (~450 ms) and for respiratory MC in free‐breathing 3D myocardial and 3D liver MRF. Experiments were performed in phantom and 22 healthy subjects. The proposed approach was compared with reference spin echo (phantom) and with 2D electrocardiogram‐triggered/breath‐hold MOLLI and T2 gradient‐and–spin echo conventional maps (in vivo 2D and 3D myocardial MRF).ResultsPhantom results were in general agreement with reference spin‐echo measurements, presenting relative errors of approximately 5.4% and 5.5% for T1 and short T2 (<100 ms), respectively. The proposed LRMC MRF reduced residual blurring artifacts with respect to no MC for cardiac or respiratory motion in all cases (2D and 3D myocardial, 3D abdominal). In 2D myocardial MRF, left‐ventricle T1 values were 1150 ± 41 ms for LRMC MRF and 1010 ± 56 ms for MOLLI; T2 values were 43.8 ± 2.3 ms for LRMC MRF and 49.5 ± 4.5 ms for T2 gradient and spin echo. Corresponding measurements for 3D myocardial MRF were 1085 ± 30 ms and 1062 ± 29 ms for T1, and 43.5 ± 1.9 ms and 51.7 ± 1.7 ms for T2. For 3D liver, LRMC MRF measured liver T1 at 565 ± 44 ms and liver T2 at 35.4 ± 2.4 ms.ConclusionThe proposed LRMC reconstruction enabled generalized (nonrigid) MC for 2D and 3D MRF, both for cardiac and respiratory motion. The proposed approach reduced motion artifacts in the MRF maps with respect to no motion compensation and achieved good agreement with reference measurements.
Modified constitutive relation error for field identification: Theoretical and experimental assessments on fiber orientation identification in a composite material
Authors: Ferrier Renaud , Cocchi Aldo , Hochard Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the application of the modified constitutive relation error to field identification problems in the framework of elastostatics. We show how relevant is the addition of a gradient‐penalizing regularization term (in norm or ), and emphasize the role played by unreliable boundary conditions. This leads to the proposition of a method using two parameters, for which automatic determination is addressed. All theoretical assessments are illustrated on experimental data. The test‐problem consists in the identification of the heterogeneous fiber‐orientation in a woven fabric composite from a unique quasi‐static tensile test with digital image correlation.
optimal control of unknown continuous time linear periodic systems by adaptive dynamic programming with applications to magnetic attitude control
Authors: Jiang Huaiyuan , Zhou Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article studies the data‐drivencontroller design of continuous‐time linear periodic systems. By treating theoptimal control problem as a two‐player zero‐sum game problem, the adaptive dynamic programming technique is utilized. Based on the Newton's method, a one‐loop model‐based policy‐iteration (PI) method is introduced. Since the initial matrix for starting the proposed model‐based PI method is not easy to choose, a data‐driven value iteration method without requiring the knowledge of the initial matrix is then proposed. The convergence of the proposed methods is analyzed and the numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Magneto‐sensitive and enzymatic hydrolysis‐resistant systems for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel based on polylactide micelles with an external polyethylene oxide corona
Authors: Pigareva Vladislava A , Alekhina Yulia A , Grozdova Irina D , Zhu Xiaomin , Spiridonov Vasiliy V , Sybachin Andrey V 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPoly(d,l‐lactide)‐b‐(ethylene glycol) micelles with a mean diameter of 20 nm and a narrow size distribution were obtained by film rehydration. The incorporation of a hydrophobic drug, paclitaxel, into the micelles was studied via various physicochemical methods – dynamic and static light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The loading of the hydrophobic drug did not change the morphology of the micelles. By means of MTT tests it was found that, encapsulated in the micelles, paclitaxel retained its activity towards MCF7 cancer cells with cytotoxicity equal to that of commercial drug Taxol®. Modification of the micelles with maghemite nanoparticles resulted in the formation of magneto‐sensitive micelles with fast response to an external magnetic field: saturation magnetization, 0.6 emu g−1; residual magnetization, 0.1 emu g−1; coercive force, 67.5 Oe. The obtained micelles demonstrated high colloidal stability in a wide range of pH during a long period. A study of the behavior of the empty micelles and micelles loaded with paclitaxel and maghemite in the presence of a specific enzyme – proteinase K – showed that micelles underwent hydrolysis only after a long induction period. The obtained results indicate that maghemite‐modified poly(d,l‐lactide)‐b‐(ethylene oxide) micelles are promising for controlled delivery of hydrophobic drugs. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Heterogeneous photoredox catalysis using fluorescein polymer brush functionalized glass beads
Authors: Bell Kirsten , Freeburne Sarah , Fromel Michele , Oh Hee Jeung , Pester Christian W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a valuable and versatile method to perform a variety of chemical transformations under ambient temperatures and pressures using mild visible light. This work showcases an example of fluorescein‐functionalized polymers grafted to micro‐scale glass beads as heterogeneous photoredox catalysts. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the resulting functional glass beads. Model reactions that are demonstrated include a cyclic condensation and a radical dehalogenation that can both be performed to high yields. Successful recyclability of the fluorescein polymer brush beads is demonstrated with detailed characterization confirming that photocatalytic polymer brushes remain tethered to the surface. As such, this allows for purification and reuse of the heterogeneous photocatalyst beads after simple filtration.
Chemically specific coarse‐graining of polymers: Methods and prospects
Authors: Dhamankar Satyen , Webb Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoarse‐grained (CG) modeling is an invaluable tool for the study of polymers and other soft matter systems due to the span of spatiotemporal scales that typify their physics and behavior. Given continuing advancements in experimental synthesis and characterization of such systems, there is ever greater need to leverage and expand CG capabilities to simulate diverse soft matter systems with chemical specificity. In this review, we discuss essential modeling techniques, bottom‐up coarse‐graining methodologies, and outstanding challenges for the chemically specific CG modeling of polymer‐based systems. This methodologically oriented discussion is complemented by representative literature examples for polymer simulation; we also offer some advisory practical considerations that should be useful for new researchers. Given its growing importance in the modeling and polymer science community, we further highlight some recent applications of machine learning that enhance CG modeling strategies. Overall, this review provides comprehensive discussion of methods and prospects for the chemically specific coarse‐graining of polymers.
Consideration of the target area of radiotherapy for lung cancer with 4DPET
Authors: Yanlan Zhang , Xianfeng Li , Lingjun Hu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThrough the study of 4‐dimensional (4D) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for lung tumor, the delineation of the lung tumor target area was analyzed, the accurate target area was received, and the radiation dose of normal tissue was compared .MethodsThe average 4DPET volume, 3DPET volume, average 4DCT volume, and 3DCT volume of 10 tumors were compared. Taking the relative difference between the average 4D volume and the 3D volume as the difference of the volumes, the influence of the tumor size and the range of motion for 4D volume and 3D volume were studied respectively, then the target areas were delineated respectively, and the radiation doses of the normal tissues associated with the respective target areas were compared after the intensity‐modulated radiation therapy plan was formulated.ResultsThe PET volumes of all tumors were smaller than those of CT, no matter 4D or 3D, from small to large, the volume sizes were 3DPET volume, average 4DPET volume, 3DCT volume and average 4DCT volume. The relative volume difference was related to the respiratory movement and the size of the tumors. The average 4DPET volume was 22.8% larger than the average 3DPET volume, and the volume ratio was 1.23. The volume of the average 4DCT was 15.4% larger than that of the average 3DCT, and the volume ratio was 1.16. The average volume of 4DCT was 59.5% larger than that of 4DPET. When the movement amplitude of the tumor was greater than 3 mm and less than 5 mm, the larger the tumor volume, the larger the volume ratio of the average 4DCT volume to the average 4DPET volume, with the maximum value being 1.54. When the tumor movement amplitude was greater than 5 mm, the ratio was about 1.4. When the volume of conventional 3DCT was larger than 5 cm3, the ratio of the average 4DCT volume to the average 4DPET volume was 1.9. The planning target area internal target volume (ITV)3DCT was much larger than that of ITV3DPET, intersected ITV4DCTave and ITV4DPETave, the dose V20 and V5 of normal lung tissue, and the dose V30 of heart were increased accordingly. Of these, the dose of lung and heart of ITV4DPETave was the lowest. The V20 and V5 of lung of ITV4DPETave was about 2% lower than ITV4DCTave.ConclusionTo delineate lung tumor targets at various positions, particular attention should be paid to the effect of breathing exercises on large movements and large volumes. The target volume seemed to be overestimated by 4DCT, and the average multiphased 4DPET volume was more accurate for delineating the target area while reducing the radiation dose of the lung.
DisCovER: distance‐ and orientation‐based covariational threading for weakly homologous proteins
Authors: Bhattacharya Sutanu , Roche Rahmatullah , Moussad Bernard , Bhattacharya Debswapna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThreading a query protein sequence onto a library of weakly homologous structural templates remains challenging, even when sequence‐based predicted contact or distance information is used. Contact‐assisted or distance‐assisted threading methods utilize only the spatial proximity of the interacting residue pairs for template selection and alignment, ignoring their orientation. Moreover, existing threading methods fail to consider the neighborhood effect induced by the query–template alignment. We present a new distance‐ and orientation‐based covariational threading method called DisCovER by effectively integrating information from inter‐residue distance and orientation along with the topological network neighborhood of a query–template alignment. Our method first selects a subset of templates using standard profile‐based threading coupled with topological network similarity terms to account for the neighborhood effect and subsequently performs distance‐ and orientation‐based query–template alignment using an iterative double dynamic programming framework. Multiple large‐scale benchmarking results on query proteins classified as weakly homologous from the continuous automated model evaluation experiment and from the current literature show that our method outperforms several existing state‐of‐the‐art threading approaches, and that the integration of the neighborhood effect with the inter‐residue distance and orientation information synergistically contributes to the improved performance of DisCovER. DisCovER is freely available at https://github.com/Bhattacharya-Lab/DisCovER.
Classical observables from coherent-spin amplitudes
Authors: Aoude Rafael , Ochirov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The quantum field-theoretic approach to classical observables due to Kosower, Maybee and O’Connell provides a rigorous pathway from on-shell scattering amplitudes to classical perturbation theory. In this paper, we promote this formalism to describe general classical spinning objects by using coherent spin states. Our approach is fully covariant with respect to the massive little group SU(2) and is therefore completely synergistic with the massive spinor-helicity formalism. We apply this approach to classical two-body scattering due gravitational interaction. Starting from the coherent-spin elastic-scattering amplitude, we derive the classical impulse and spin kick observables to first post-Minkowskian order but to all orders in the angular momenta of the massive spinning objects. From the same amplitude, we also extract an effective two-body Hamiltonian, which can be used beyond the scattering setting. As a cross-check, we rederive the classical observables in the center-of-mass frame by integrating the Hamiltonian equations of motion to the leading order in Newton’s constant.
Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Ahsan Shafkat , Bhat M. Sultan , Alam Akhtar , Farooq Hakim , Shiekh Hilal Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe frequency and severity of climatic extremes is expected to escalate in the future primarily because of the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the extreme temperature and precipitation scenarios using climate indices in the Kashmir Himalaya. The analysis has been carried out for the twenty-first century under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) through the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and ClimPACT2. The simulation reveals that the climate in the region will get progressively warmer in the future by increments of 0.36–1.48 °C and 0.65–1.07 °C in mean maximum and minimum temperatures respectively, during 2080s (2071–2100) relative to 1980–2010 under RCP8.5. The annual precipitation is likely to decrease by a maximum of 2.09–6.61% (2080s) under RCP8.5. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is expected to alter significantly with winter, spring, and summer seasons marking reductions of 9%, 5.7%, and 1.7%, respectively during 2080s under RCP8.5. The results of extreme climate evaluation show significant increasing trends for warm temperature-based indices and decreasing trends for cold temperature-based indices. Precipitation indices on the other hand show weaker and spatially incoherent trends with a general tendency towards dry regimes. The projected scenarios of extreme climate indices may result in large-scale adverse impacts on the environment and ecological resource base of the Kashmir Himalaya.
Transcutaneous vagal nerve simulation to reduce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the associated intestinal failure: study protocol of a prospective, two-armed, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial in healthy subjects (the NeuroSIRS-Study)
Authors: van Beekum Cornelius J. , von Websky Martin W. , Willis Maria A. , Panknin Christina , Coenen Martin , Fimmers Rolf , Kalff Jörg C. , Wehner Sven , Vilz Tim O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgery initiates pro-inflammatory mediator cascades leading to a variably pronounced sterile inflammation (SIRS). SIRS is associated with intestinal paralysis and breakdown of intestinal barrier and might result in abdominal sepsis. Technological progress led to the development of a neurostimulator for transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS), which is associated with a decline in inflammatory parameters and peristalsis improvement in rodents and healthy subjects via activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Therefore, taVNS might be a strategy for SIRS prophylaxis.

Methods
The NeuroSIRS-Study is a prospective, randomized two-armed, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The study is registered at DRKS00016892 (09.07.2020). A controlled endotoxemia is used as a SIRS-mimicking model. 2 ng/kg bodyweight lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will be administered after taVNS or sham stimulation. The primary objective is a reduction of clinical symptoms of SIRS after taVNS compared to sham stimulation. Effects of taVNS on release of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal function, and vital parameters will be analyzed.

Discussion
TaVNS is well-tolerated, with little to no side effects. Despite not fully mimicking postoperative inflammation, LPS challenge is the most used experimental tool to imitate SIRS and offers standardization and reproducibility. The restriction to healthy male volunteers exerts a certain bias limiting generalizability to the surgical population. Still, this pilot study aims to give first insights into taVNS as a prophylactic treatment in postoperative inflammation to pave the way for further clinical trials in patients at risk for SIRS. This would have major implications for future therapeutic approaches.
No evidence of spatial representation of age, but “own-age bias” like face processing found in chimpanzees
Authors: Kawaguchi Yuri , Tomonaga Masaki , Adachi Ikuma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that non-human primates can differentiate the age category of faces. However, the knowledge about age recognition in non-human primates is very limited and whether non-human primates can process facial age information in a similar way to humans is unknown. As humans have an association between time and space (e.g., a person in an earlier life stage to the left and a person in a later life stage to the right), we investigated whether chimpanzees spatially represent conspecifics’ adult and infant faces. Chimpanzees were tested using an identical matching-to-sample task with conspecific adult and infant face stimuli. Two comparison images were presented vertically (Experiment 1) or horizontally (Experiment 2). We analyzed whether the response time was influenced by the position and age category of the target stimuli, but there was no evidence of correspondence between space and adult/infant faces. Thus, evidence of the spatial representation of the age category was not found. However, we did find that the response time was consistently faster when they discriminated between adult faces than when they discriminated between infant faces in both experiments. This result is in line with a series of human face studies that suggest the existence of an “own-age bias.” As far as we know, this is the first report of asymmetric face processing efficiency between infant and adult faces in non-human primates.
Baseline characteristics and outcome for aneurysmal versus non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Conzen Catharina , Weiss Miriam , Albanna Walid , Seyfried Katharina , Schmidt Tobias P. , Nikoubashman Omid , Stoppe Christian , Clusmann Hans , Schubert Gerrit A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the characteristics of patients with mild aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal perimesencephalic and non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH, pmSAH, npmSAH) with emphasis on admission biomarkers, clinical course, and outcome. A prospective cohort of 115 patients with aSAH (Hunt and Hess 1–3) and of 35 patients without aneurysms (16 pmSAH and 19 npmSAH) admitted between January 2014 and January 2020 was included. Demographic data, blood samples on admission, complications (hydrocephalus, shunt dependency, delayed cerebral ischemia DCI, DCI-related infarction, and mortality), and outcome after 6 months were analyzed. Demographic data was comparable between all groups except for age (aSAH 55 [48–65] vs. npmSAH 60 [56–68] vs. pmSAH 52 [42–60], p = 0.032) and loss of consciousness (33% vs. 0% vs. 0%, p = 0.0004). Admission biomarkers showed poorer renal function and highest glucose levels for npmSAH patients. Complication rate in npmSAH was high and comparable to that of aSAH patients (hydrocephalus, shunt dependency, DCI, DCI-related infarction, mortality), but nearly absent in patients with pmSAH. Favorable outcome after 6 months was seen in 92.9% of pmSAH, 83.3% of npmSAH, and 62.7% of aSAH (p = 0.0264). In this prospective cohort of SAH patients, npmSAH was associated with a complicated clinical course, comparable to that of patients with aSAH. In contrast, such complications were nearly absent in pmSAH patients, suggesting fundamental differences in the pathophysiology of patients with different types of non-aneurysmal hemorrhage. Our findings underline the importance for a precise terminology according the hemorrhage etiology as a basis for more vigilant management of npmSAH patients. NCT02142166, 05/20/2014, retrospectively registered.
A phase 2, open-label, multicenter study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in adult Japanese patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Iida Shinsuke , Izumi Tohru , Komeno Takuya , Terui Yasuhito , Chou Takaaki , Ikeda Takashi , Berg Deborah , Fukunaga Shinichi , Sugiura Kenkichi , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
TOURMALINE-MM1 was a global study that demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival with ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone compared with placebo plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. The current study was conducted to evaluate further the efficacy and safety of ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in Japanese patients.

Methods
This phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled patients aged ≥ 20 years with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma at 16 sites in Japan. Patients refractory to lenalidomide or proteasome inhibitor-based therapy at any line were excluded. The primary endpoint was the rate of very good partial response or better in the response-evaluable analysis set. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall response rate, duration of response, time to progression, overall survival and safety.

Results
In total, 34 patients were enrolled. The rate of very good partial response or better was 50.0% (95% confidence interval 31.9–68.1) and the overall response rate was 84.4% (95% confidence interval 67.2–94.7). Median progression-free survival was 22.0 months (95% confidence interval 17.3–not evaluable) and median overall survival was not estimable. The safety profile of ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in this study was similar to that in the TOURMALINE-MM1 study.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in Japanese patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma are comparable with reported TOURMALINE-MM1 study results.

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier
NCT02917941; date of registration September 28, 2016.