bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases: Nutrition, the life‐course, and health promotion
Authors: Cerf Marlon E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, targeted by Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, afflict millions of people and account for the highest global morbidity and mortality. Obesity is associated with noncommunicable diseases. Globally, diets have become sweeter, saltier with higher fat content, whereas physical activity has declined; which triggers the onset of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Healthy nutrition and regular exercise are the foundations for healthy living and important for preventing noncommunicable diseases, in alignment with health promotion. The preconception, gestational, and lactational periods present windows for improving and optimizing progeny growth and development for better health outcomes. Malnutrition is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases; therefore ingesting healthy nutritious food, over the life‐course, is critical for countering these global epidemics that have a more profound adverse impact on people from low‐ and middle‐income countries. To combat obesity and noncommunicable diseases, people's ownership of their health, government action, and private sector responsibility should be aligned and supported by global initiatives and enabled through partnerships and collaborations. Many noncommunicable diseases are avertable through health promotion strategies mainly directed at the maternal and child health lifecycle, by focusing on women of reproductive age (prior to and during pregnancy, and during lactation) and during infancy and childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Healthy lifestyles support health promotion and disease prevention, which is cost‐effective for noncommunicable diseases. The global high burden of obesity and noncommunicable diseases remains a complex and prevalent challenge; therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles is critical to slow down their onset and exacerbation.
The psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on otolaryngologists: Should we be concerned?
Authors: Ashoor Mona Mohammedsaleh , Almulhem Noorah Jamal , AlMubarak Zaid Abdulrahman , Alrahim Ahmed Abdulrahman , Alshammari Saad Mohammed , Alzahrani Fahad Saleh , Alhayek Ali Radi , Alardhi Abdullah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivePhysicians on the frontline of the COVID‐19 pandemic are at increased risk of contracting the disease. Otolaryngologists are amongst the high‐risk practitioners, as they are in close proximity to patient's upper airway, which may induce their psychological stress.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study, conducted among otolaryngologists in Saudi Arabia from June 11 to June 22. Survey consisted of sociodemographic questionnaire, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Obsession with COVID‐19 Scale (OCS) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). Available otolaryngologists with no history of mental health problems were included. A P‐value lower than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study included 129 participants; 63.6% men and 36.4% women. 81.4% of participants were living with family, 57.4% living with either a child or an elderly family member. Nearly 7.8% of participants had dysfunctional COVID‐19 anxiety and 75.2% had COVID‐19‐related depression symptoms ranging from minimal to severe. Obsession and dysfunctional thinking regarding COVID‐19 were found in 26.4% of participants. Single otolaryngologists had significantly higher CAS (P = .025), OCS (P = .048), and PHQ‐9 (P < .001) scores. Participants who lived with children or elderly individuals had significantly higher OCS scores (P = .005). When comparing job ranks, residents had significantly higher scores for the CAS (P = .016) and PHQ‐9 (P < .001).ConclusionCOVID‐19 has a considerable psychological impact on otolaryngologists. Specifically, the young and single who have less social support. This indicates the importance of psychological support to this group. Additional thorough studies should explore the psychological impact of COVID‐19 in this field as it may carry devastating long‐term consequences if left unattended.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Video‐Rate Imaging with Undetected Photons
Authors: Gilaberte Basset Marta , Hochrainer Armin , Töpfer Sebastian , Riexinger Felix , Bickert Patricia , León‐Torres Josué Ricardo , Steinlechner Fabian , Gräfe Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImaging and microscopy are some of the most important tools in modern life science for getting new insights into metabolisms or unravelling bio‐chemical processes. However, in particular low‐light observations outside the visible spectrum are still challenging and a limiting factor. A rugged, label‐free quantum imaging system is presented capable of recording at video rate in the visible regime, while illuminating the sample with undetected light of different wavelength. The results pave the way for a field deployable quantum imaging device allowing live‐cell imaging in extreme spectral ranges with a minimal photo dose.
Effect of a Small Amount of Synthetic Fiber on Performance of Biocarbon‐Filled Nylon‐Based Hybrid Biocomposites
Authors: Chang Boon Peng , Abdelwahab Mohamed A. , Kiziltas Alper , Mielewski Deborah F. , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvanced hybrid biocomposites are engineered from nylon 6, waste wood biosourced carbon (biocarbon) with a low content of synthetic fiber for lightweight auto‐parts uses. The novel engineering process through direct injection molding of only 2 wt% synthetic fibers in the form of masterbatch with 20 wt% biocarbon, results outstanding performance of the resulting nylon biocomposites. Such uniquely developed biocomposites show tensile strength of 105 MPa and tensile modulus of 5.14 GPa with a remarkable heat deflection temperature (HDT) of 206 °C. The direct injection molding of synthetic fiber retains the length ≈3 times higher as compared to traditional extrusion and injection molding; resulting greater degree of entanglement and composite reinforcement effectiveness in the hybrid biocomposites. Highly dimensionally stable nylon 6 biocomposites with a very low coefficient of linear thermal expansion results through reinforcing ability of the sustainable biocarbon and small amount of synthetic fiber.
Impact of anatomical variations on ultrasonographic reference values of lower extremity peripheral nerves
Authors: Kuga Junichiro , Hironaka Akemi , Ochi Kazuhide , Sugimoto Takamichi , Nakamori Masahiro , Nezu Tomohisa , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCross‐sectional area (CSA) reference values using ultrasonography vary widely for lower extremity peripheral nerves. In addition, there is a lack of data on the muscular branches of the tibial nerve and the anatomical variations of the sural nerve. We aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic reference values for lower extremity peripheral nerves considering different anatomical variations and physical factors.MethodsThe CSA of the lower extremity nerve was measured at 10 sites. In addition to establishing reference values, differences in the CSA owing to anatomical variations were verified. The relationship between CSA and physical factors, such as age, height, weight, body mass index, and ankle circumference, was also examined.ResultsA total of 100 healthy Japanese volunteers were recruited. The mean CSA of the sural nerve significantly differed depending on its formation pattern (1.4‐1.8 mm2). The mean decreases in CSAs from the proximal to distal tibial and fibular nerves within the popliteal region significantly differed based on the fine branching pattern. The maximum value of the mean decreases in CSAs in the tibial and fibular nerves reached 7.2 and 2.5 mm2, respectively. With respect to physical factors, age and ankle circumferences were associated with CSA at several measurement sites.DiscussionFine branching from the tibial and fibular nerves and sural nerve formation may affect CSA measurements. The establishment of accurate CSA reference values requires consideration of anatomical variations in the peripheral nerves of the lower extremity.
Immersed‐interface finite element method based on a nonconformal Petrov–Galerkin formulation
Authors: Patil Mayuresh J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmersed interface methods are becoming increasingly necessary to solve problems of practical importance. To be considered as replacement for conventional, interface‐fitted, finite element method (FEM), an immersed‐interface finite element method (IIFEM) has to exhibit equivalent accuracy and robustness. The paper develops such an IIFEM based on nonconformal Petrov–Galerkin (ncPG) formulation for two‐dimensional linear elasticity. First, a bimaterial patch test (BPT) is developed which, when satisfied, guarantees consistency of an FEM formulation for problems with two materials in a single element. Then, nodal trial functions that satisfy the BPT are derived for triangular elements with immersed interface. These trial functions satisfy the Hadamard interface conditions for elements with immersed interface but are nonconformal on element edges with an immersed interface. Conventional conformal test functions are used in the Petrov–Galerkin formulation. The proposed ncPG‐IIFEM is applied to a benchmark multimaterial problem. The solution using ncPG‐IIFEM converges optimally and the error in displacement as well as stress are similar to interface‐fitted FEM. The ncPG‐IIFEM also leads to a well‐conditioned linear system with the condition number of the global stiffness matrix similar to interface‐fitted FEM. Overall, the proposed ncPG‐IIFEM is shown to be straightforward in application, optimal in convergence, and robust.
Weight Cycling and Knee Joint Degeneration in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: Four‐Year Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Joseph Gabby B. , Ramezanpour Sara , McCulloch Charles E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Lynch John , Lane Nancy E. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila , Link Thomas M. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between weight cycling and knee joint degeneration in individuals with overweight or obesity with different patterns of weight change over 4 years.MethodsA total of 2,271 individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database were assessed (case‐control study). Linear regression models using annual BMI measurements over 4 years were used to classify participants as weight cyclers or noncyclers. 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify knee cartilage transverse relaxation time (T2) and cartilage thickness annually over 4 years in all subjects. Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scores (WORMS) were obtained for cartilage, meniscus, and bone‐marrow abnormalities in 958 subjects at baseline and at the 4‐year follow‐up. The longitudinal differences in cartilage T2 and thickness between weight cyclers and noncyclers were assessed using general estimating equations, whereas the differences in WORMS outcomes were compared using general linear models.ResultsNo significant differences in the rate of change of cartilage thickness or T2 were found between weight cyclers and noncyclers. However, increases in maximum cartilage WORMS (P = 0.0025) and bone‐marrow abnormalities (P = 0.04) were significantly greater in weight cyclers than in noncyclers.ConclusionsAlthough participants’ intent for weight cycling in this study was unknown, weight cyclers had significantly greater increases in cartilage and bone‐marrow abnormalities over 4 years than noncyclers, independent of weight gain and loss.
Implementing texting programs in the P.O.W.E.R. (preventing obesity with eating right) medical group visit for weight loss
Authors: Saldivar Perla , Mira Valerie , Duran Petra , Moldovan Christina , Ang Georgina , Parikh Nina , Lee Martin L. , Friedman Theodore C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of incorporating mobile technology to support participants’ lifestyle change and weight loss in medical group visits has not been well studied in a safety‐net setting.Rationale and DesignThus, the rationale of the current study was to examine the effect of text messaging in a medical group visit, and test the effect of two texting programs (12 weeks and 20 weeks), compared to those who did not receive text‐messaging in the Preventing Obesity With Eating Right (POWER) group visit program. The primary outcome was weight loss.ResultsWe found that those enrolled in the 20‐week and 12‐week texting programs attended more group visit sessions than those enrolled in the POWER group only (p < 0.001). Both POWER and POWER + 20‐week texting groups had a significant reduction in weight at their final group visit compared to their baseline (POWER, 114 ± 27 kg vs. 112 ± 26 kg, p < 0.001; POWER + 20‐week texting, 111 ± 28 kg vs. 109 ± 28 kg, p < 0.01), but not the 12‐week texting group (114 ± 29 kg vs. 113 ± 29 kg, p = 0.22), with no differences between the groups. The number of group visits was correlated with a decrease in weight (rs = 0.12, p < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, text messaging programs led to more attendance in the medical group visits, but not greater weight loss or reduction in HbA1c than the POWER group obesity program alone. Further studies are needed to maximize the beneficial effects of texting programs in medical group visits in underserved minority populations.
BOP1 confers chemoresistance of triple‐negative breast cancer by promoting CBP‐mediated β‐catenin acetylation
Authors: Li Siqi , Wu Haoming , Huang Xinjian , Jian Yunting , Kong Lingzhi , Xu Hongyi , Ouyang Ying , Chen Xiangfu , Wu Geyan , Yu Liang , Wang Xi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemoresistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a poor prognosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the essential role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the process of TNBC chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we report that block of proliferation 1 (BOP1) serves as a key regulator of chemoresistance in TNBC. BOP1 expression was significantly upregulated in chemoresistant TNBC tissues, and high expression of BOP1 correlated with shorter overall survival and relapse‐free survival in patients with TNBC. BOP1 overexpression promoted, while BOP1 downregulation inhibited the drug resistance and CSC‐like phenotype of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BOP1 activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by increasing the recruitment of cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CBP) to β‐catenin, enhancing CBP‐mediated acetylation of β‐catenin, and increasing the transcription of downstream stemness‐related genes CD133 and ALDH1A1. Notably, treating with the β‐catenin/CBP inhibitor PRI‐724 induced an enhancement of chemotherapeutic response of paclitaxel in BOP1‐overexpressing TNBC cells. These findings indicate that BOP1 is involved in chemoresistance development and might serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in TNBC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review on polyaniline composites: Synthesis, characterization, and applications
Authors: Babel Vikram , Hiran Basanti Lal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied intrinsically conducting polymers. Polyaniline inclusion with different porous materials is a very attractive research area. In this review, the preparation, properties, and applications of PANI composites have been summarized. PANI was found to be promising among the other conducting polymers and incorporated with different materials like graphene, graphene oxide, metal oxide, carbon, carbon nanotube, silica, silicon dioxide, biomolecules, and metal organic frameworks to enhance the area of application. Metal organic framework (MOF) itself has a vast area of application so incorporation of PANI with MOF can open up tremendous possibilities. An attempt has been made to draw attention to the recent spotlight research area that is, PANI‐MOF composites.
Body image in colorectal cancer patients: A longitudinal study
Authors: Song Lili , Pang Ying , Zhang Jie , Tang Lili 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes in body image distress (BID) over time, identify factors associated with BID, and explore the mediating role of body image on the longitudinal association between stoma status (permanent stoma, temporary stoma, or nonstoma) and psychological distress in postoperative colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in China.MethodsParticipants (N = 255) 1–2 weeks postsurgery completed self‐report questionnaires assessing BID (Body Image Scale) and psychosocial distress (Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); 212 (83%) completed 6‐month follow‐up surveys. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with BID for longitudinal data analysis.ResultsA total of 46.7% of participants reported BID at follow‐up. Prevalence of BID and BID scores did not significantly change over time in the total sample. Body image scores decreased in patients whose temporary stoma was removed during follow‐up (p < 0.05). Prevalence of BID decreased in nonstoma patients at follow‐up (p < 0.05). There were significant decreases in the prevalence and scores of distress, anxiety, and depression between baseline and follow‐up (p < 0.001). Stoma presence, later clinical stages, greater distress, anxiety, and depression were risk factors for poorer body image. Body image had partial mediating effects on the longitudinal association between stoma status and distress.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that BID remains stable even as psychological distress decreases. BID should be addressed early postoperation to avoid persistent impairment in CRC patients.
Does refuge spillover affect arthropod food webs associated with Bt maize?
Authors: Zuim Vitor , Marques Vinicius M , Godoi Carolina Tavares D , Gontijo Lessando M , Haro Marcelo M , Guedes Raul Narciso C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA high dose/refuge combination is the main tactic recommended for mitigating resistance selection of target herbivore species in crops expressing insecticidal proteins of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (i.e. Bt proteins). The tactic consists of the simultaneous use of Bt crops expressing high levels of the Bt protein associated with neighboring areas of refuge of the same non‐Bt crop species. Nonetheless, the approach faces controversy regarding its effectiveness and scale of adoption, at least in some regions. One concern focuses on its potential impact on the arthropod community, including its short‐term and spatially dependent impact considering the likely biota spillover effect between Bt and non‐Bt neighboring areas. Thus, the eventual spillover of Bt maize targeted and non‐targeted arthropods was surveyed along transects extending from the refuge border to the center of the Bt maize area.RESULTSArthropods were collected throughout the maize vegetative and reproductive stages. A total of 85 arthropod species were collected, but their richness and abundance did not vary with distance from the refuge. By contrast, cultivation season played a significant role in distinguishing the arthropod communities. Refuge distance from the sampling point within Bt‐fields did not significantly affect the food web metrics, unlike season, which affected the number of nodes integrating each food web. Winter maize cultivation exhibited higher arthropod diversity and combined values of species numeric abundance and biomass at each trophic level.CONCLUSIONSNo arthropod spillover was evident between the refuge edge and Bt maize, adding further controversy to the tactic currently subjected to lower usage in the region with a disputed cost–benefit relationship, because not even the target and its interdependent species were affected. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental drivers of benthic fish assemblages and fish‐habitat associations in offshore areas of a very large river
Authors: Szalóky Zoltan , Füstös Vivien , Tóth Balazs , Erős Tibor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFish‐habitat associations are poorly known in offshore areas of very large rivers. We examined physical habitat structure and its effect on habitat use and assemblage formation of benthic fishes in the main channel of the Danube River, Hungary. Principal component analysis of physical variables showed that sample unit (i.e., 500 m long reaches) and cross‐channel transect‐level data of corresponding reaches were highly correlated. We found clear gradients in physical variables from areas with high velocity and higher proportion of hard substratum (pebble and cobble) to areas with low velocity, high mean depth and finer substratum (mainly sand) composition. Variation in velocity was coupled with variation in both mean depth and substratum composition (i.e., Shannon diversity of sediment composition) and higher proportion of silt material. Differences in physical habitat structure (flow, substrate) also manifested among river segments. Classification and regression tree analyses (CART) and fish abundance – occupancy patterns in the PCA template revealed that many species showed clear responses to environmental heterogeneity (barbel, Barbus barbus; schraetser, Gymnocephalus schraetser; Danube streber, Zingel streber; whitefinned gudgeon, Romanogobio vladikovy; round goby, Neogobius melanostomus) while others (white bream, Blicca bjoerkna) showed very elusive habitat use patterns. Multivariate regression tree analysis confirmed the results of CART and indicated that transect‐level substratum composition was the most important determinant in the formation of benthic assemblages. These results on habitat use can contribute to the more effective conservation management of offshore fish assemblages, which is important due to increasing inland navigation in the Danube River.
Leveraging synergies versus resource redeployment: Sales growth and variance in product portfolios of diversified firms
Authors: Giarratana Marco S. , Pasquini Martina , Santaló Juan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article analyzes the relationship between sales growth and variance for diversified firms. Distinguishing product niches linked by scale free versus non‐scale free resources, this study predicts that the more a firm diversifies leveraging on a non‐scale free resource, the more likely its sales growth and variance are positively correlated. However, this relationship is negatively moderated by the presence of a scale‐free resource such that the presence of scale‐free resources of high value implies a negative correlation. These theoretical intuitions are consistent with data from 2008 to 2013, reflecting firm sales growth rates in five industries spanning 45 product niches in seven EU countries and the United Kingdom. These industries prioritize shelf space as a non‐scale free resource, and brand as a scale free resource.Managerial SummaryDiversifiers may base their value creation either in pursuing synergies or in exploiting the benefits derived by internal resource redeployment across products or across industries. Here, we highlight the different managerial implications on risk/performance structure derived from diversification based on resource redeployment compared to diversified companies exploiting synergies. Can the disparity of sales growth between products of the same firm's portfolio be good for the corporate performance? Here, we show that diversification based on resource redeployment goes hand in hand with a positive relation between overall firm growth and variance of results within the same firm. On the contrary, firm diversification based on synergies implies a negative relationship between within firm disparity and overall firm growth.