bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of heat and sound insulation for polymeric composites reinforced with nano clay
Authors: Salih Rana M 
Published: October 2021

Composite materials were prepared using epoxy as a matrix and nanoclay as a reinforcement with weight fractions 5% and 10%, using hand lay-up as a preparation technique. An unreinforced epoxy cast was also prepared for comparison. Heat and acoustic insulation were studied, in addition to tensile, compression, and impact tests. The results showed that the sound levels were the highest in the unreinforced specimen, and decreased gradually with nanoclay, suggesting that the nanoclay have impeded the path for sound waves transmission. The same behavior was observed with thermal conductivity. The tensile strength for the 5% wt. specimens were about 40% higher than that of the 10% wt. specimens, and about 60% higher than the unreinforced epoxy. The Young's modulus was 1.899 MPa, 3.25 MPa, and 4.143 MPa for the 5%, 10%, and unreinforced epoxy, respectively. Impact and compressive strengths were directly proportional with nano clay content. Scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal the microscopic details. The results prove that the addition of nanoparticles must be optimized to get the desired results.
Grounded Theory Approaches Used in Educational Research Journals
Authors: Stough Laura M. , Lee Sungyoon 
Published: October 2021

Grounded theory has become one of the most commonly used qualitative research approaches. Since its first introduction, grounded theory methodology has taken on different iterations and evolved a number of variants. This review examined highly-ranked educational journals to determine grounded theory methodologies used most frequently by educational researchers. A total of 210 studies from 15 education journals were analyzed across 18 years of publication. A coding scheme was developed and used to categorize studies by type of methodological approach and inclusion of common grounded theory elements. Increasing variability in the types of grounded theory approaches was found in educational research over the last two decades. While educational researchers appear to prefer Straussian approaches to the design and analysis of grounded theory studies, Charmaz’s constructivist approach has increased in popularity over the last decade. In addition, most educational researchers used grounded theory as a data analysis technique rather than as a complete methodological approach. Only a small proportion of the 210 studies (29.5%) delineated a “grounded theory.” Finally, despite their publication in highly-ranked educational journals, methodological inconsistencies and descriptive cloudiness were evidenced across many of these grounded theory studies.
Utilization of comorbidity indices to predict discharge destination and complications following total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Cox Ryan M. , Hendy Benjamin A. , Gutman Michael J. , Sherman Matthew , Abboud Joseph A. , Namdari Surena 
Published: October 2021

Background Comorbidity indices can help identify patients at risk for postoperative complications. Purpose of this study was to compare different comorbidity indices to predict discharge destination and complications after shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Retrospective review of institutional shoulder arthroplasty database of primary anatomic (TSA) and reverse (RSA) shoulder arthroplasties. Patient demographic information was collected in order to calculate Modified Frailty Index (mFI-5), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), age adjusted CCI (age-CCI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system (ASA). Statistical analysis performed to analyze length of stay (LOS), discharge destination, and 90-day complications. Results There were 1365 patients included with 672 TSA and 693 RSA patients. RSA patients were older and had higher CCI, age adjusted CCI, ASA, and mFI-5 ( p < 0.001). RSA patients had longer lengths of stay (LOS), more likely to have an adverse discharge ( p < 0.001), and higher reoperation rate ( p = 0.003). Age-CCI was most predictive of adverse discharge (AUC 0.721, 95% CI 0.704–0.768). Discussion Patients undergoing RSA had more medical comorbidities, experienced greater LOS, higher reoperation rate, and were more likely to have an adverse discharge. Age-CCI had the best ability to predict which patients were likely to require higher-level discharge planning.
Characterization of disease course and remission in early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the TACERA longitudinal cohort study
Authors:   RA-MAP Consortium, Barnes Michael , Brockbank Sarah , Bruce Ian N , Ciurtin Coziana , Cop Andrew P. , Ehrenstein Michael R. , Emery Paul , Fisher Benjamin A. , Isaacs John , Matthews Ruth , McInnes Iain B. , Noble Hayley , Wakatsuki Pedersen Ayako , Pitzalis Costantino , Raza Karim , Rowe Anthony , Simpson Gemma , Stringer Dominic , Taylor Peter C. , Tom Brian , Zhong Yujie 
Published: October 2021

Background: To characterise disease course and remission in a longitudinal observational study of newly diagnosed, initially treatment-naïve patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Patients with early untreated seropositive RA were recruited from 28 UK centres. Multiple clinical and laboratory measures were collected every 3 months for up to 18 months. Disease activity was measured using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). Logistic regression models examined clinical predictors of 6-month remission and latent class mixed models characterised disease course. Results: We enrolled 275 patients of whom 267 met full eligibility and provided baseline data. According to SDAI definition, 24.3% attained 6-month remission. Lower baseline Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and SDAI predicted 6-month remission ( p = 0.013 and 0.011). Alcohol intake and baseline prescribing of methotrexate with a second disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD; vs monotherapy without glucocorticoids) were also predictive. Three distinct SDAI trajectory subpopulations emerged; corresponding to an inadequate responder group (6.5%), and higher and lower baseline activity responder groups (22.4% and 71.1%). Baseline HAQ and Short Form-36 Health Survey – Mental Component Score (SF-36 MCS) distinguished these groups. In addition, a number of baseline clinical predictors correlated with disease activity severity within subpopulations. Beneficial effects of alcohol intake were found across subpopulations. Conclusion: Three distinct disease trajectory subpopulations were identified. Differential effects of functional and mental well-being, alcohol consumption, and baseline RA medication prescribing on disease activity severity were found across subpopulations. Heterogeneity across trajectories cannot be fully explained by baseline clinical predictors. We hypothesise that biological markers collected early in disease course (within 6 months) may help patient management and better targeting of existing and novel therapies.
Long-Term Survivorship of Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Outcomes After 10 to 37 Years
Authors: Ishizuka Shinya , Hiraiwa Hideki , Yamashita Satoshi , Oba Hiroki , Kawamura Yusuke , Sakaguchi Takefumi , Idota Masaru , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Imagama Shiro 
Published: October 2021

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) was developed as a joint-preserving procedure to treat relatively young patients with isolated medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). Long-term survivorship after HTO is important to determine whether patients will need additional surgery. Purpose: To determine the long-term (>35-year) survivorship and prognostic factors for closed-wedge HTO (CWHTO) for severe medial OA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent CWHTO for severe medial knee OA between 1983 and 2009 at our institution, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine (Nagoya, Japan). Patient demographics, follow-up period, and pre- and postoperative femoral-tibial angle (FTA) were reviewed. The patients or the relatives of the patients were interviewed by telephone to record postoperative status, including conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Results: Of the 74 CWHTO procedures performed, we evaluated 56 procedures in 45 patients (mean age at time of surgery, 56.8 years). The mean follow-up period was 17.1 years. Nine knees (16.1%) underwent conversion to TKA. The mean time to TKA conversion was 15.6 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a 10-year survival rate of 90.1%, a 15-year rate of 83.8%, a 20-year rate of 75.9%, and a 35-year rate of 75.9%. Log-rank test showed that age ≥55 years ( P = .044), body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 ( P = .0016), and preoperative FTA <185° ( P = .0034) were risk factors associated with TKA conversion. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age and sex identified BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (hazard ratio [HR], 13.4; 95% CI, 1.7-106.9; P = .014) and preoperative FTA <185° (HR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.1-16.6; P = .04) as risk factors associated with TKA conversion. Conclusion: The survival rate of CWHTO for severe medial knee OA was 90.1% at 10 years, 83.8% at 15 years, and 75.9% at 20 years and 35 years. Furthermore, a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and FTA <185° were the independent risk factors associated with TKA conversion after CWHTO.
Can I be a Global Indian?
Authors: Chakraverti Gangapriya 
Published: October 2021

In over 30 years as a corporate professional, mostly with multinational organisations, Gangapriya has worked closely with Indian, non-Indian managers and co-workers. These interactions allowed her to dig deeper on what being ‘Indian’ means. In this article, she writes about how working with employees from across the world, in multinational organisations, gives us the advantage to look critically at ourselves, while also having the opportunity to observe and learn from ‘the other’. Based entirely on her observations, experiences and inferences, she focuses on typical aspects of ‘Indian-ness’ that stand out—the abiding regard for hierarchy, the inexplicable relationship with time, how competitive Indians can be and how it drives them, and how Indians contend with conflicts of interest and deal with issues about data privacy and the general unease with compliance. It is her firm belief that with reflection, self-awareness and confidence arising out of knowing oneself, Indians may be better placed to deal with the underlying confusion and anxiety around whether to ‘stand out’ or ‘fit in’ and navigate with ease in a multinational and multicultural environment. For Indians employed in multinational, global organisations, she believes that such experiences provide a valuable opportunity to become better versions of ourselves. Similarly, organisations get to appreciate the differences that Indians bring to the table, while, at the same time, understanding the common characteristics that come with such a diverse workforce. Through this article, she explores what ‘Indian-ness’ means to her and how in this ‘flat’ world, it is imperative and important for us to retain our identity as an ‘Indian’ yet be comfortable in a globalised environment so that we feel connected with the larger team without being lost at an individual level.
Context-aware multi-token concept recognition of biological entities
Authors: Kim Kwangmin , Lee Doheon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcept recognition is a term that corresponds to the two sequential steps of named entity recognition and named entity normalization, and plays an essential role in the field of bioinformatics. However, the conventional dictionary-based methods did not sufficiently addressed the variation of the concepts in actual use in literature, resulting in the particularly degraded performances in recognition of multi-token concepts.ResultsIn this paper, we propose a concept recognition method of multi-token biological entities using neural models combined with literature contexts. The key aspect of our method is utilizing the contextual information from the biological knowledge-bases for concept normalization, which is followed by named entity recognition procedure. The model showed improved performances over conventional methods, particularly for multi-token concepts with higher variations.ConclusionsWe expect that our model can be utilized for effective concept recognition and variety of natural language processing tasks on bioinformatics.
The performance of common SNP arrays in assigning African mitochondrial haplogroups
Authors: Lankheet Imke , Vicente Mário , Barbieri Chiara , Schlebusch Carina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial haplogroup assignment is an important tool for forensics and evolutionary genetics. African populations are known to display a high diversity of mitochondrial haplogroups. In this research we explored mitochondrial haplogroup assignment in African populations using commonly used genome-wide SNP arrays.

Results
We show that, from eight commonly used SNP arrays, two SNP arrays outperform the other arrays when it comes to the correct assignment of African mitochondrial haplogroups. One array enables the recognition of 81% of the African mitochondrial haplogroups from our compiled dataset of full mitochondrial sequences. Other SNP arrays were able to assign 4–62% of the African mitochondrial haplogroups present in our dataset. We also assessed the performance of available software for assigning mitochondrial haplogroups from SNP array data.

Conclusions
These results provide the first cross-checked quantification of mitochondrial haplogroup assignment performance from SNP array data. Mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies inferred from most common SNP arrays used for human population analysis should be considered with caution.
The mitochondrial genomes of Tortricidae: nucleotide composition, gene variation and phylogenetic performance
Authors: Yang Mingsheng , Li Junhao , Su Silin , Zhang Hongfei , Wang Zhengbing , Ding Weili , Li Lili 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have greatly improved our understanding of the backbone phylogeny of Lepidoptera, but few studies on comparative mitogenomics below the family level have been conducted. Here, we generated 13 mitogenomes of eight tortricid species, reannotated 27 previously reported mitogenomes, and systematically performed a comparative analysis of nucleotide composition, gene variation and phylogenetic performance.ResultsThe lengths of completely sequenced mitogenomes ranged from 15,440 bp to 15,778 bp, and the gene content and organization were conserved in Tortricidae and typical for Lepidoptera. Analyses of AT-skew and GC-skew, the effective number of codons and the codon bias index all show a base bias in Tortricidae, with little heterogeneity among the major tortricid groups. Variations in the divergence rates among 13 protein-coding genes of the same tortricid subgroup and of the same PCG among tortricid subgroups were detected. The secondary structures of 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes were predicted and comparatively illustrated, showing evolutionary heterogeneity among different RNAs or different regions of the same RNA. The phylogenetic uncertainty of Enarmoniini in Tortricidae was confirmed. The synonymy of Bactrini and Olethreutini was confirmed for the first time, with the representative Bactrini consistently nesting in the Olethreutini clade.Nad6exhibits the highest phylogenetic informativeness from the root to the tip of the resulting tree, and the combination of the third coding positions of 13 protein-coding genes shows extremely high phylogenetic informativeness.ConclusionsThis study presents 13 mitogenomes of eight tortricid species and represents the first detailed comparative mitogenomics study of Tortricidae. The results further our understanding of the evolutionary architectures of tortricid mitogenomes and provide a basis for future studies of population genetics and phylogenetic investigations in this group.
Human epididymis protein 4: a novel predictor of ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tang Yi , Wang Yinzhen , Xu Xiaoping , Tu Laura Yan , Huang Pei , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Lihua , Wu Juan , Zhang Yan , Fu Qinghua , Yu Yingli , Zheng Zhaofen , Song Lixia , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The prognostic value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is unknown.

Methods
A total of 103 patients with ICM were prospectively enrolled in this study from Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital between February 2019 and June 2019. All patients were tested for HE4 levels at baseline and follow-up. Endpoints of the study included cardiovascular death and heart failure-related hospitalization.

Results
A total of 96 patients with ICM were included for analysis. After a mean follow-up period of 263 (153–313) days, cardiovascular events were observed in 45 patients. Serum HE4 levels in patients with events were significantly higher than those in patients without events [188.70 (113.35–326.82) pmol/L versus 92.90 (61.50–123.20) pmol/L, P < 0.001]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that HE4 [χ2: 9.602, hazard ratio (HR): 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.005, P = 0.002] and age [χ2: 4.55, HR: 1.044, 95% CI: 1.003–1.085, P = 0.033] were independent predictors of events. After adjusting for age and sex, the risk of events in patients with HE4 > 100.2 pmol/L was higher than that in patients with HE4 ≤ 100.2 pmol/L [HR: 3.372, 95% CI: 1.409–8.065, P < 0.001].

Conclusion
HE4 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death and heart failure-related rehospitalization in patients with ICM.
Acceptability and feasibility of the school-engaged social and behavior change communication approach on malaria prevention in Ethiopia: implications for engagement, empowerment, and retention (EER) of education sectors in malaria elimination efforts
Authors: Abamecha Fira , Midaksa Gachana , Sudhakar Morankar , Abebe Lakew , Kebede Yohannes , Mamo Abebe , Alemayehu Guda , Birhanu Zewdie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence on process outcomes such as acceptability, and feasibility of behavior change communication interventions are important in program evaluation to understand how, and why such a program works. However; documented evidence on the issue is not available as far as the social and behavior change communication (SBCC) on malaria is concerned. Enrolling the frontline providers this study measured the acceptability and feasibility of the school-engaged SBCC strategy on malaria prevention in malaria-endemic settings of Ethiopia.

Methods
A school-engaged SBCC strategy involving various communication and capacity-building interventions aimed to advance malaria preventive practices in primary schools in Jimma were implemented from 2017 to 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 205 key stakeholders at the end of the intervention. Both acceptability and feasibility were measured using standardized tools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and filled by the study participants. The SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. Multivariate general linear modeling was performed to identify the predictors of acceptability and feasibility of the program. P-value < 5% was considered to decide statistical significance.

Results
The result showed the mean scores (M, range = R) of acceptability and feasibility of the program were (M = 25.63, R = 6 to 30) and (M = 19.35, R = 5 to 25) respectively. The multivariate linear modeling showed acceptability was affected by self-efficacy; (β = 0.438, P < 0.001), community support; (β = 0.417, P < 0.001), school climate; (β = − 0.16; P = 0.003), perceived malaria threat; (β = 0.40, P < 0.001) and knowledge; (β = 0.229, P = 0.013). Similarly, feasibility was influenced by self-efficacy; (β = 0.352, P < 0.001), community support; (β = 0.591, P < 0.001), school climate; (β = − 0.099, P-value < 0.030) and perceived malaria threat; (β = 0.172, P = 0.002).

Conclusion
With a considerably high level of acceptability, the school-engaged SBCC strategy to enhance malaria preventive practices seems feasible. The SBCC strategy targeting personal factors such as malaria threat perceptions, knowledge and skills on the program, and contextual factors that include school social climate and community support would be fruitful to facilitate the implementation of the program. The result implicates the benefit of intensifying such a strategy to engage, empower, and retain the education sectors in malaria elimination efforts and beyond.
Comparison of the success rate after debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) for periprosthetic joint infection among patients with or without a sinus tract
Authors: Deng Wang , Li Rui , Shao Hongyi , Yu Baozhan , Chen Jiying , Zhou Yixin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The relevance between the presence of a sinus tract and the failure risk after debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip or knee arthroplasty is still unclear. This study aimed to compare the success rate of DAIR between patients with or without a sinus tract and to explore the possible risk factors for failure after DAIR in patients with a sinus tract.

Methods
Consecutive DAIR cases for PJI after hip or knee arthroplasty between January 2009 and June 2019 with a minimum 1-year follow-up in two tertiary joint arthroplasty centers were included. Patients were classified into the sinus tract group and the non-sinus tract group according to the presence of a sinus tract. The success rate after DAIR were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Potential risk factors for failure in the sinus group were also explored.

Results
One hundred seven patients were included. At a median 4.4 years of follow-up, 19 of 52 (36.5%) cases failed in the sinus tract group, while 15 of 55 (27.3%) cases failed in the non-sinus tract group. The 1-year and 5-year cumulative success rates were 71.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 59.8-84.6%) and 56.8% (95% CI: 42.6-75.7%) in the sinus tract group, respectively, which were similar to the counterparts in the non-sinus tract group (P = 0.214). Among patients with a sinus tract, DAIR with the exchange of modular components showed a higher success rate (75.8% versus 47.4%, P = 0.038).

Conclusions
The presence of a sinus tract does not affect the success rate of DAIR. Modular component exchange in DAIR was proposed for patients with a sinus tract for an improved infection control rate.