bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of age on prostate cancer screening index
Authors: Shan Jiahao , Liu Ziyang , Geng Xinyu , Feng Yuelong , Yang Xiaobo , Xu Haoran , Zhou Xiaojie , Ma Wenzhuo , Zhu Hengyu , Shi Hongbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify parameters with a higher diagnostic value for early screening of prostate cancer (PCa) at different ages.Materials and MethodsA total of 294 patients were included and divided into two groups according to the age of patients (≤66 and >66 years). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of total prostate‐specific antigen (TPSA), free PSA (FPSA), (F/T)PSA, PSA density (PSAD), PSA–AV score, the ratio of patients' age to prostate volume (AVR) and (F/T)/PSAD were constructed. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated, and differences in the AUC values among the above‐mentioned parameters were compared.ResultsThere were 121 patients in the ≤66 years age group (benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH, 103 patients; PCa 18 patients) and 173 patients in the >66 years age group (BPH, 100 patients; PCa, 73 patients). In the ≤66 years age group, the AUC value of AVR for PCa diagnosis was the highest; however, there was no statistically significant difference compared with the AUC values of PSAD and (F/T)/PSAD; compared with TPSA, FPSA, (F/T)PSA and PSA‐AV, the differences were statistically significant. In the >66 years age group, the AUC values of PSAD and PSA–AV for PCa diagnosis were higher than those of TPSA, FPSA, (F/T)PSA and (F/T)/PSAD, and the difference was statistically significant; however, the difference was not statistically significant when compared with the AUC value of AVR.ConclusionIn different age groups, screening indices for PCa diagnosis should be selected according to the age of patients.
On weighted sublinear separators
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsider a graph with an assignment of costs to vertices. Even if and all its subgraphs admit balanced separators of sublinear size, may only admit a balanced separator of sublinear cost after deleting a small set of exceptional vertices. We improve the bound on from to , for any fixed number of iterations of the logarithm.
Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Idris Olayinka O. , Kolawole Olatunji M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn children, the respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus majorly cause acute respiratory infections. The study evaluated the seroprevalence and conducted the molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) among children. Venous blood, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children presenting with acute respiratory infections in a tertiary health facility in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria. A serological investigation was carried out on the sera samples for the detection of anti‐HRSV immunoglobulin M (IgM), anti‐HRSV IgG, anti‐HAdV IgM, and anti‐HAdV IgG using ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) kits. The amplification and sequencing of HRSV and HAdV were carried out using specific primer pairs that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene of HRSV and the hexon gene of HAdV, respectively. The seroprevalence of HRSV IgG and IgM was 73% and 7.5%, respectively, while the seroprevalence of HAdV IgG and IgM was 98.5% and 8.5%, respectively. The age of enrolled children, presence of fever, and cough were associated (p < 0.05) with the infection. HRSV subtype B (HRSV‐B) (13.3%), and species of HAdV (Mastadenovirus B and C) (11.7%) were detected among the studied population. There was no viral coinfection with both HRSV and HAdV. In infancy and early childhood, HRSV‐B, HAdV species B and C are common etiologic agents of respiratory infections as reported in this study. Further studies on molecular characterization of respiratory tract viruses including circulating respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are hereby advocated.
Nowhere to grow: Ranking success and turnover composition in elite employers
Authors: Pratt Benjamin R. , Dineen Brian R. , Wu Lusi 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe rankings literature implicitly assumes that rankings success universally benefits organizations. However, in some instances, this assumption may be unwarranted. In this study, we employ a mixed‐methods approach that moves the literature beyond examining whether employees leave, to examine who leaves elite Best Places to Work (BPTW), defined as organizations which place in the top 10 in BPTW rankings perennially (i.e., year after year). In Study 1, examination of elite BPTW organizations shows that proportions of voluntary turnover comprising high performers increase over associated BPTW ranking cycles. Study 2 commences with 40 semistructured interviews among employees in an elite BPTW organization, from which two relevant and explanatory themes emerge. First, some employees interpret BPTW success as restricting opportunities for advancement within the organization, a phenomenon we term “perceived promotion constraint.” Second, some employees perceive BPTW success as building their own personal resumes. Integrating our findings from Study 1 and the qualitative portion of Study 2 with the career management literature, we propose and deductively test “perceived promotion constraint” and “perceived resume building” as two potential high performer turnover mechanisms, finding that perceived promotion constraint mediates the relationship between performance status and turnover intentions.
Understanding the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming through the water cycle
Authors: Tu Juqing , Lu Er 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is certain that globally the troposphere has warmed since the industrial revolution because of the greenhouse gas emissions. The water vapour content of air increases as the climate warms. However, there is nonsignificant long‐term trend in global‐scale precipitation. This study aims to investigate the sources of the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming through the water cycle. The data of the historical simulations (1850–2005) from 30 CMIP5 models are used in the estimate. The p‐value is utilized to indicate the significance of the long‐term trend of the water‐vapour‐related variable in the water cycle as well as the air temperature near surface and at the condensation level. For each variable, the p‐value is calculated for each of the grid points. The overall spatial distribution patterns of the p‐values are compared between two variables that linked directly, and a point‐to‐point comparison is also performed to the two fields. Results show that over the globe, the near‐surface specific humidity increases significantly at most of the grid points while the increase of the specific humidity at the condensation level is significant at some, and, however, the long‐term trend of the relative humidity at the condensation level is majorly nonsignificant. This suggests that as assessed from the global grid points, the uncertainty of the long‐term trend of the water‐vapour‐related variable enlarges substantially in the process of condensation, and modestly in the process of the transport of water vapour. Therefore, the uncertainty of the long‐term precipitation trend under global warming is mainly attributed to the condensation and slightly due to the transport of water vapour. The results obtained from the 30 models are consistent with each other, which supports the reliability of the conclusion.
Presence, formation, and elimination of foodborne pathogen persisters
Authors: Xiong Xiaohui , Kong Jiayi , Qi Diya , Xiong Xiong , Liu Yuanjian , Cui Xiaowen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFoodborne pathogen persisters are a subgroup of genetic susceptibility and growth arrest. They survive antimicrobial stress by stopping their growth, and can regenerate into normal sensitive bacteria after the stress is removed. Foodborne pathogens can survive by resisting unfavorable factors through the mechanism of persisters and exist for a long time in many food‐related environments. These surviving bacteria are harmful to food safety and human health. There are many ways to remove persisters, but few of them can be used in food. In this review, we aim to provide a clear overview of the importance of research on persisters for the microbiological safety of food and the applications of persisters elimination strategy in food.
Advances in the analytical methods for the determination of fluorinated aromatic carboxylic acids in aqueous matrices: A review
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Sharma Chhaya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluorobenzoic acids are critically important chemical tracers in hydrothermal, geothermal, leaching, and oilfield applications. Particularly in oilfield applications, these tracers are used to investigate fluid flow paths between injector wells and producer wells, providing valuable information about the enhanced oil recovery process of the oil reservoirs. The detection limit of tracers is a vital subject in field reservoir work because the amount of chemical tracer that must be injected into the injector well is directly related to the amount detected at the producer well after migration and diffusion. The popularity of fluorinated benzoic acids as the tracers is due to their non‐toxicity over radioactive tracers and low detection limit, which is determined using analytical techniques. This review focuses on the improvements/developments in extraction techniques such as solid‐phase extraction and determination techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, isotope dilution gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, and so on for the analysis of fluorinated benzoic acids to achieve the lowest possible limit of concentration.
To protect and support: Why would consumers find foods tastier if these foods help support a desired self‐identity
Authors: Tal Aner , Gvili Yaniv , Amar Moty 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentity serves an important role in consumer decisions. Accordingly, understanding when and how products benefit from associations with different identities is crucial for marketers. The present research demonstrates that individuals aiming for a particular identity evaluate food products associated with that identity as tastier. We argue that food tastes better when it fulfills the psychological need of supporting and protecting identity. Across three studies we examined the connections between desire for an identity and consumption experience. In Study 1, participants rated products as tastier the more they desired the associated identities. Study 2 found that the effect of identity desirability on taste experience was moderated by currently held identity. We suggest this occurs because supporting an identity with appropriate consumption is only relevant for those possessing the identity. Finally, Study 3 manipulated the link between products and identity to show a boundary condition for the effect of identity desirability on taste experience. Here, dark chocolate tasted better the more participants wanted to feel sophisticated, but only when the link between dark chocolate and sophistication was made salient. Overall, consumers may find foods tastier if these foods help support a desired identity. More generally, fulfilling psychological needs can improve consumption experience.
Parkinson's Disease Modification Through Abl Kinase Inhibition: An Opportunity
Authors: Werner Milton H. , Olanow C. Warren 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, with an estimated 5 000 000 cases worldwide. Historically characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, PD pathology is now known to be widespread and to affect serotonin, cholinergic and norepinephrine neurons as well as nerve cells in the olfactory system, cerebral hemisphere, brain stem, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic nervous system. PD pathology is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein, which is thought to play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Animal models of PD suggest that activation of the Abelson tyrosine kinase (c‐Abl) plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of α‐synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration. These studies demonstrate that internalization of misfolded α‐synuclein activates c‐Abl, which phosphorylates α‐synuclein and promotes α‐synuclein pathology within the affected neurons. Additionally, c‐Abl inactivates parkin, disrupting mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis, promoting neurodegeneration. Post‐mortem studies of PD patients demonstrate increased levels of tyrosine phosphorylated α‐synuclein, consistent with the activation of c‐Abl in human disease. Although the c‐Abl inhibitor nilotinib failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in two double‐blind trials, novel c‐Abl inhibitors have been developed that accumulate in the brain and may inhibit c‐Abl at saturating levels. These novel inhibitors have demonstrated benefits in animal models of PD and have now entered clinical development. Here, we review the role of c‐Abl in the neurodegenerative disease process and consider the translational potential of c‐Abl inhibitors from model studies to disease‐modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease. © 2021 Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Slowing the loss of physical function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with edaravone: Post hoc analysis of ALSFRS‐R item scores in pivotal study MCI186‐19
Authors: Brooks Benjamin Rix , Pioro Erik P. , Katz Jonathan , Takahashi Fumihiro , Takei Koji , Zhang Jeffrey , Apple Stephen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhase 3 study MCI186‐19 demonstrated less loss of physical function with edaravone versus placebo, as measured by the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS‐R) total score. A 1‐point drop in an individual ALSFRS‐R item may be clinically meaningful. We assessed ALSFRS‐R item score changes to identify clinical features protected by edaravone treatment.MethodsTime‐to‐event analysis was used to assess the cumulative probabilities of reductions in ALSFRS‐R item scores and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ‐40) subdomain scores.ResultsEdaravone use was accompanied by: (1) delayed drop of ≥1 point in ALSFRS‐R item score for four items: salivation, walking, climbing stairs, orthopnea (unadjusted), or for two items: walking, climbing stairs (after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons); (2) delayed score transition from 4 or 3 at baseline to ≤2 for five items: swallowing, eating motion, walking, climbing stairs, orthopnea (unadjusted), or for one item: climbing stairs (after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons); and (3) delayed worsening of ALSAQ‐40 domain scores representing daily living/independence, eating and drinking (unadjusted).DiscussionThese post‐hoc analyses identified the ALSFRS‐R item scores and ALSAQ‐40 domain scores that were associated with preserved gross motor function and health‐related quality of life, respectively, after edaravone treatment. Limitations of post‐hoc analyses should be considered when interpreting these results. We recommend that clinical trials employing the ALSFRS‐R include this type of analysis as a pre‐specified secondary outcome measure.
A look inside the nonprofit boardroom: Influences on decision comprehensiveness and decision quality
Authors: Tabesh Pooya , Jolly Phillip M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFindings of recent scholarly investigations show that board members of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have become more directly involved in the process of strategic decision‐making (SDM). Despite these findings, our understanding of decision processes in NPOs is under‐developed and little is known about the factors that impact decision processes and their outcomes in NPOs. In this study, we shed light on the process of SDM within the boardrooms of NPOs by focusing on decision comprehensiveness as an important aspect of the SDM process. Our findings, based on data from a sample of 244 nonprofits, indicate that NPO's mission clarity and decision process fairness within the boardroom increase the comprehensiveness of decision‐making processes and ultimately improve decision quality.
Role of maternal COVID‐19 vaccination in providing immunological protection to the newborn
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C. J. , Burry Lisa , Tabbara Najla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPregnant and postpartum individuals are known to have an elevated risk of severe COVID‐19 compared with their non‐pregnant counterparts. Vaccination is the most important intervention to protect these populations from COVID‐19‐related morbidity and mortality. An added benefit of maternal COVID‐19 vaccination is transfer of maternal immunity to newborns and infants, for whom a vaccine is not (yet) approved. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific binding and neutralizing antibodies are present in infant cord blood and breast milk following natural maternal infection and transfer of maternal immunity following COVID‐19 vaccination is an area of active research. In this review, we synthesize the available research, discuss knowledge gaps, and outline factors that should be evaluated and reported when studying the transfer of maternal immunity following COVID‐19 vaccination. The data reviewed herein suggest that maternal SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific binding antibodies are efficiently transferred via the placenta and breast milk following maternal mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination. Moreover, antibodies retain strong neutralizing capacity. Antibody concentrations appear to be at least as high in infant cord blood as in the maternal serum, but lower in breast milk. Breast milk IgA rises rapidly following maternal vaccination, whereas IgG rises later but may persist longer. At least two COVID‐19 vaccine doses appear to be required to reach maximal antibody concentrations in cord blood and breast milk. There is no indication that infants consuming breast milk from vaccinated mothers experience serious adverse effects, although follow‐up is limited. No clear pattern has emerged regarding changes in milk supply following maternal vaccination. The heterogeneity in important methodological aspects of reviewed studies underscores the need to establish standard best practices related to research on the transfer of maternal COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced immunity.
Reference gene selection for real‐time quantitative PCR assays in different tissues of Huperzia serrata based on full‐length transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Fu Yanping , Niu Fei , Jia Hui , Wang Yanli , Guo Bin , Wei Yahui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuperzia serrata (H. serrata) produces various types of effective lycopodium alkaloids, especially Huperzine A (HupA), which is a promising drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Numerous studies focused on the chemistry, bioactivities, toxicology, and clinical trials of HupA; however, the public genomic and transcriptomic resources are very limited for H. serrata research, especially for the selection of optimum reference genes. Based on the full‐length transcriptome datasets and previous studies, 10 traditional and three new candidate reference genes were selected in different tissue of H. serrata. Then, two optimal reference genes GAPDHB and HisH2A were confirmed by four analysis methods. In order to further verify the accuracy of the two reference genes, they were used to analyze the expression patterns of four HupA‐biosynthetic genes (lysine decarboxylas, RS‐norcoclaurine 6‐O‐methyltransferase, cytochrome P45072A1, and copper amine oxidase). The data suggested that the expression pattern of HupA‐biosynthetic genes was consistent with them in transcriptome sequencing in different tissue of H. serrata. This study identified that GAPDHB and HisH2A provides the reliable normalization for analyzing the HupA biosynthetic gene expression in different tissues of H. serrata on the transcriptional level.
A comparison of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting hyperforin content in Hypericum perforatum L. in different ecological habitats
Authors: Saffariha Maryam , Jahani Ali , Jahani Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHyperforin, a major bioactive constituent of Hypericum concentration, is impacted by various phenological phases and soil characteristics. We aimed to design a model predicting hyperforin content in Hypericum perforatum based on different ecological and phenological conditions. We employed artificial intelligence modeling techniques including multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and support vector machine (SVM) to examine the factors critical in predicting hyperforin content. We found that the MLP model (R2 = .9) is the most suitable and precise model compared with RBF (R2 = .81) and SVM (R2 = .74) in predicting hyperforin in H. perforatum based on ecological conditions, plant growth, and soil features. Moreover, phenological stages, organic carbon, altitude, and total N are detected in sensitivity analysis as the main factors that have a considerable impact on hyperforin content. We also report that the developed graphical user interface would be adaptable for key stakeholders including producers, manufacturers, analytical laboratory managers, and pharmacognosists.
The effects of halogen substituents on structure, stability, and electronic properties of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanylene at density functional theory
Authors: Abedini Nastaran , Kassaee Mohamad Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a quest to identify novel bicyclic carbenes, the effects of halogen substituents on the stability and reactivity of singlet (s) and triplet (t) forms of carbenes with one, two, and three carbenic centers (1‐15) are compared and contrasted, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. All carbene scrutinized turn out as minima for showing no negative force constant on their energy surfaces. The highest stability (ΔEs‐t) and band gap (ΔEHOMO–LUMO) belongs to carbene 11 (37.36 and 133.45 kcal/mol, respectively) with three carbenic centers. Such higher stabilization attributed to three coordinate covalent bonds with their carbenic centers. The nucleophilicity (N) for each series (1‐5, 6‐10, and 11‐15) appears inverse correlation with our results of chemical potential (μ) values. Also, the N of the carbenic center is decreased due to the higher electronegativity of substituted halogens. In addition, the electrostatic potential (ESP) maps qualitatively confirm the relative N for our bicyclic carbenes.The aim of the present work was to assess the effects of halogen substituents on the stability (ΔEs‐t), ΔΕHOMO–LUMO, N, electrophilicity (ω), and proton affinity (ΔEPA). Finally, our investigation introduces carbene 1s with high stability (ΔEs‐t = 30.38 kcal/mol), N (3.438 eV), and negative ΔEPA (−244.94 kcal/mol) that can be applied as accumulated multidentate ligands.