bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal limits in the face of infectious disease: How important are pathogens?
Authors: Hector Tobias E. , Sgrò Carla M. , Hall Matthew D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe frequency and severity of both extreme thermal events and disease outbreaks are predicted to continue to shift as a consequence of global change. As a result, species persistence will likely be increasingly dependent on the interaction between thermal stress and pathogen exposure. Missing from the intersection between studies of infectious disease and thermal ecology, however, is the capacity for pathogen exposure to directly disrupt a host's ability to cope with thermal stress. Common sources of variation in host thermal performance, which are likely to interact with infection, are also often unaccounted for when assessing either the vulnerability of species or the potential for disease spread during extreme thermal events. Here, we describe how infection can directly alter host thermal limits, to a degree that exceeds the level of variation commonly seen across species large geographic distributions and that equals the detrimental impact of other ecologically relevant stressors. We then discuss various sources of heterogeneity within and between populations that are likely to be important in mediating the impact that infection has on variation in host thermal limits. In doing so we highlight how infection is a widespread and important source of variation in host thermal performance, which will have implications for both the persistence and vulnerability of species and the dynamics and transmission of disease in a more thermally extreme world.
Giant palaeotsunami in Kiribati: Converging evidence from geology and oral history
Authors: Terry James P. , Karoro Robert , Gienko Gennady A. , Wieczorek Marta , Lau A. Y. Annie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor tsunami science within Oceania, the vast Central and Western Pacific (CEWEP) is an anomalous region because of the scarcity of historical tsunami observations and the complete absence of dated palaeotsunami evidence. This paper therefore records the first dated high‐magnitude palaeotsunami event within the CEWEP region. A combination of both geological data and oral history is provided for a palaeotsunami that struck remote Makin island, northernmost of the Gilbert Islands in Kiribati, toward the end of the 16th century. A previously undocumented oral tradition of giant waves is well known to the people of Makin. Narration of this legend by the Wiin te Maneaba, traditional storyteller on Makin, provided important details supporting a tsunami hypothesis. The legend preserves credible information surrounding the giant‐wave origin of Rebua and Tokia, two prominent subaerial megaclasts of blade and block geometry that were transported 80–130 m shorewards from the reef‐edge source and deposited in sideways and inverted orientations. From available hydrodynamic flow transport equations, minimum flow velocities of 7.3–16.3 m s−1 were generated, depending on whether the reefblocks were rotated or lifted onto the reef platform. The youngest U‐Th age‐dates for fossil corals retrieved from the reefblocks give a maximum age for the palaeotsunami of circa AD 1576. Several far‐field Pacific Rim and regional possibilities exist for tsunamigenesis. These include subduction‐zone seismicity and catastrophic volcanic eruption, both of which have been linked to earlier (late 15th century) palaeotsunami events recorded elsewhere in the Pacific Islands. However, the available evidence here suggests that the ~AD 1576 Makin palaeotsunami was more likely to have been locally generated by tsunamigenic offshore submarine slope failure close to Makin's western reef, associated with the giant arcuate bight structure that characterizes the northern rim of Butaritari atoll.
Room‐temperature ferromagnetic organic magnets derived from fluoro‐graphite via facile halide exchange
Authors: Swain Akshaya Kumar , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Mhin Sungwook , Han HyukSu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRoom‐temperature ferromagnetic organic magnet is developed via a facile halide exchange process using fluoro‐graphite (FG) as a starting material. Structural and chemical analysis reveals that heterogeneous C–F bond cleavage in the defect sites of FG is essentially related to the formation of ferromagnetic hydroxyl‐graphene (HG). Pyrolysis of FG in a polar solvent with iodine ions induces a formation of metastable C–I bond and subsequent replacement of the I sites with the hydroxyl groups. Specifically, defective sites can be formed in FG due to nucleophile attack where the OH groups can be easily generated. As a result, the FG can be transformed into the HG with a network of sp2‐conjugated carbon motifs in a sp3‐based graphene matrix. Hence, the paramagnetic centers in the π‐electron system of FG can be transformed to the long‐range ordered ferromagnetic centers in the sp2‐conjugated system of HG. Electron paramagnetic resonance data demonstrate the weak ferromagnetic property of HG stable at room temperature.
Forward osmosis concentration of high viscous polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale: Process optimisation and membrane fouling analysis
Authors: Cai Ming , Zhong Huazhao , Chu Haoqi , Zhu Hua , Sun Peilong , Liao Xiaojun 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPolysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (DOP) need to be dehydrated and concentrated after extraction for further application. They are usually concentrated by thermal evaporation which consumes great energy. However, high viscosity of DOP makes the concentration more difficult even using non‐thermal membrane technologies such as nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO). In this study, effects of process conditions, such as membrane orientations, draw solutions and their concentrations, and flowrate on forward osmosis (FO) concentration of viscous DOP were studied. Active layer to feed solution mode, cross flowrate at 240 mL min−1, and draw solution of 3 m NaCl have been found as the optimal conditions. Foulants on the membrane surface with loose structure could be easily cleaned and removed by hydraulic flushing. DOP concentrated by FO achieved almost 1.3 times at the same time compared with that in NF and RO. DOP could be further concentrated for 1.5 folds at longtime without significant decrease in water flux. In addition, slight reverse solutes in FO process could reduce the viscosity of high viscous DOP, which was good for concentration. Accordingly, FO is a potential technology for concentration of high viscous polysaccharides such as DOP.
Effects of different thawing methods on microstructure and the biochemical properties of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during frozen storage
Authors: Wang Hongli , Shi Wenzheng , Wang Xichang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different thawing methods (water immersion thawing [WIT, 25 °C], air thawing [AT, 25 °C] and refrigerator thawing [RT, 25 °C]) on the biochemical properties and microstructure of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during storage at −18 °C for 6 months. The results indicated that the thawing time for WIT, AT and RT were approximately 7, 83 and 616 min, respectively. Thawing and cooking losses in the RT samples were significantly lower than those in WIT and AT samples (P < 0.05). The microstructural integrity of RT samples was less compromised than that of WIT and AT treated samples. Ca2+‐ATPase activity and SH content decreased with increasing storage time and the frozen storage time. Compared with the other two thawing groups during frozen storage, RT had the highest fluorescence, which was significant for the quality of tilapia fillets. However, no significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in protein secondary structure changes, especially β‐sheets and β‐turns. Therefore, RT is suggested to be an effective thawing method to minimise quality change during frozen storage and the frozen storage time has a greater impact on its quality. These results demonstrate the interaction between frozen storage and thawing processes on selected quality parameters.
Dapagliflozin alleviates cardiac fibrosis through suppressing EndMT and fibroblast activation via AMPKα/TGF‐β/Smad signalling in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Zhang Mingjun , Suo Mengying , Liu Dian , Wang Xuyang , Liu Ming , Pan Jinyu , Jin Tao , An Fengshuang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the leading causes of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, with limited effective treatments. The cardioprotective effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitors have been supported by amounts of clinical trials, which largely fills the gap. However, the underlying mechanism still needs to be further explored, especially in terms of its protection against cardiac fibrosis, a crucial pathophysiological process during the development of DCM. Besides, endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been reported to play a pivotal role in fibroblast multiplication and cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) on DCM especially for cardiac fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanism. In vivo, the model of type 2 diabetic rats was built with high‐fat feeding and streptozotocin injection. Untreated diabetic rats showed cardiac dysfunction, increased myocardial fibrosis and EndMT, which was attenuated after treatment with DAPA and metformin. In vitro, HUVECs and primary cardiac fibroblasts were treated with DAPA and exposed to high glucose (HG). HG‐induced EndMT in HUVECs and collagen secretion of fibroblasts were markedly inhibited by DAPA. Up‐regulation of TGF‐β/Smad signalling and activity inhibition of AMPKα were also reversed by DAPA treatment. Then, AMPKα siRNA and compound C abrogated the anti‐EndMT effects of DAPA in HUVECs. From above all, our study implied that DAPA can protect against DCM and myocardial fibrosis through suppressing fibroblast activation and EndMT via AMPKα‐mediated inhibition of TGF‐β/Smad signalling.
Primary ciliogenesis is a crucial step for multiciliated cell determinism in the respiratory epithelium
Authors: Belgacemi Randa , Diabasana Zania , Hoarau Antony , Dubernard Xavier , Mérol Jean‐Claude , Ruaux Christophe , Polette Myriam , Perotin Jeanne‐Marie , Deslée Gaëtan , Dormoy Valérian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alteration of the mucociliary clearance is a major hallmark of respiratory diseases related to structural and functional cilia abnormalities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis. Primary cilia and motile cilia are the two principal organelles involved in the control of cell fate in the airways. We tested the effect of primary cilia removal in the establishment of a fully differentiated respiratory epithelium. Epithelial barrier integrity was not altered while multiciliated cells were decreased and mucous‐secreting cells were increased. Primary cilia homeostasis is therefore paramount for airway epithelial cell differentiation. Primary cilia‐associated pathophysiologic implications require further investigations in the context of respiratory diseases.
Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis with or without a deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a native bilayer collagen membrane: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Giovannoli Jean‐Louis , Roos‐Jansåker Ann‐Marie , Rinke Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo assess whether the use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and native bilayer collagen membrane (NBCM) improved healing of peri‐implantitis‐related bone defects at 12 months.Materials and methodsIn a multi‐centre, randomized clinical trial, 32 individuals received surgical debridement (control group [CG]), and 34 received adjunct use of DBBM and NBCM (test group [TG]). Radiographic defect fill (RDF), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP), recession (REC), cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, IP10, PDGF‐BB, TNF‐α, VEGF), and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.ResultsRDF at the deepest site amounted 2.7 ± 1.3 mm in TG and 1.4 ± 1.2 mm in CG (p <.0001). PPD was reduced by 1.9 mm in TG and 2.3 mm in CG (p = .5783). There were no significant differences between groups regarding reductions of BOP, SUP, REC, cytokines levels, or oral health impact profile (OHIP)‐14 scores at 12 months. Successful treatment (RDF ≥ 1.0 mm, PPD ≤5 mm, ≤1/4 site with BOP grade 1, no SUP) was identified in 32% in TG and 21% in CG.ConclusionsDBBM and NBCM resulted in significantly more RDF than debridement alone. No difference was found in any clinical parameters or PROs between the groups. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02375750.
Clinical precursors of tics: an EMTICS study
Authors: Openneer Thaïra J.C. , Huyser Chaim , Martino Davide , Schrag Anette ,   EMTICS Collaborative Group, Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildren with Tourette syndrome (TS) often have comorbid disorders, particularly attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). While subtle premorbid symptoms have been described in various psychiatric disorders, the presence of clinical precursors that may exist before the onset of tics is unknown. This longitudinal study aimed to find clinical precursors of tics by assessing a range of clinical characteristics prior to tic onset in comparison with children without onset of tics.MethodsA sample of 187 3‐ to 10‐year‐old first‐degree unaffected relatives of children with TS were followed up to 7 years in the European Multicentre Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). We investigated whether clinical characteristics assessed at baseline predicted tic onset, comparing 126 children without tic onset to 61 children who developed tics. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, a penalised logistic regression approach. We also explored sex differences and repeated our analyses in an age‐ and sex‐matched subsample.ResultsChildren with tic onset were more frequently male (β = −0.36), had higher baseline severity of conduct problems (β = 0.23), autism spectrum disorder symptoms (ASD; β = 0.08), compulsions (β = 0.02) and emotional problems (β = 0.03) compared to children without tic onset. Conduct and ASD problems were male‐specific predictors, whereas severity of compulsions and oppositional (β = 0.39) and emotional problems were female‐specific predictors.ConclusionThis study supports the presence of clinical precursors prior to tic onset and highlights the need of sex‐specific monitoring of children at risk of developing tics. This may aid in the earlier detection of tics, particularly in females. We moreover found that tics most often persisted one year after tic onset, in contrast to the common belief that tics are mostly transient.
Gastric per‐oral endoscopic myotomy versus pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis: An international comparative study
Authors: Pioppo Lauren , Reja Debashis , Gaidhane Monica , Bareket Romy , Tawadros Augustine , Madrigal Méndez Ana L. , Nieto Jose , Zamarripa Felipe , Martínez Ma Guadalupe , Carames Mine C. , Carames Juan C. , Liu‐Burdowski Jennifer , Kim Marina , Deshmukh Ameya A. , Suresh Supriya , Alkhiari Resheed , Andalib Iman , Shahid Haroon M. , Sarkar Avik , Tyberg Amy , Kahaleh Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimGastroparesis is a potentially debilitating gastric motility disorder with limited treatment options. Highest efficacy treatments include gastric per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (GPOEM) and surgical pyloromyotomy. This study compares the efficacy and safety of GPOEM versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for refractory gastroparesis.MethodsPatients who underwent GPOEM or laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for refractory gastroparesis from four centers across the USA and Latin America were included in a dedicated registry. Data collected included patient demographics, imaging, laboratory values, clinical success, gastroparesis cardinal symptom index, procedure time, pre‐op and post‐op gastric emptying times, adverse events, and hospital length of stay.ResultsA total of 102 patients were included (mean age 47; 32.4% male): GPOEM n = 39, surgical pyloromyotomy n = 63.Technical success was 100% in both groups. Clinical success was 92.3% in the GPOEM group and 82.5% in the surgery group (P = 0.164). The GPOEM group had a significantly higher post‐op GSCI score reduction by 1.3 units (P < 0.00001), post‐op retention reduction at 2 h by 18% (P < 0.00001), post‐op retention reduction at 4 h by 25% (P < 0.00001) and a lower procedure time by 20 min (P < 0.00001) as compared with surgery. GPOEM also had a lower hospital length of stay by 2.8 days (P < 0.00001). Adverse events were significantly fewer in the GPOEM group (13%) compared with surgery group (33.3%; P = 0.021). Mean blood loss in the GPOEM group was only 3.6 mL compared with 866 mL in the surgery group.ConclusionsThe GPOEM may be a less invasive, safer, and more efficacious procedural treatment for refractory gastroparesis as compared with surgical pyloromyotomy.
Clinical guidance for peripartum management of patients with hereditary thrombophilia
Authors: Kobayashi Takao , Morishita Eriko , Tsuda Hiroko , Neki Reiko , Kojima Tetsuhito , Ohga Shouichi , Ochiai Masayuki , Adachi Tomoko , Miyata Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHereditary thrombophilia is a condition in which individuals are susceptible to the formation of thrombi due to a hereditary deficiency in anticoagulant factors, antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), or protein S (PS). Many Japanese thrombophilia patients have PS deficiency, especially PS p.K196E (also called as PS Tokushima), which is exclusive to the Japanese population, and thrombosis sometimes occurs during pregnancy. At present, no management guidelines for pregnancy and delivery in thrombophilia patients have been developed. The Study Group for Hereditary Thrombophilia, one of the research groups of blood coagulation abnormalities in the Research Program on Rare and Intractable Diseases supported with the Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Science, has therefore developed this clinical guidance to provide healthcare workers with necessary information on safe pregnancy, parturition and neonatal management, adopting a format of responses to seven clinical questions (CQ). At the end of each answer, the corresponding Recommendation Level (A, B, C) is indicated.
Thematic trajectory analysis: A temporal method for analysing dynamic qualitative data
Authors: Spencer Leighann , Radcliffe Laura , Spence Rachel , King Nigel 
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces a novel, temporally sensitive analytical method for qualitative researchers, which is simultaneously timely and necessary given increasing recognition of the fundamental role that time plays in organizational life and scholarship. As a result of this recognition, research designs considering temporality have substantially increased over the past decade. However, while methods for qualitative data collection using longitudinal and ‘shortitudinal’ designs, in particular qualitative diary methods, have become increasingly common, analytical methods capable of fully exploiting the temporal nature of such data have lagged behind their quantitative counter‐parts, where we see marked progression in analytical methods and procedures. In this paper, we argue that this lack of progression in approaches for analysing qualitative diary data hinders our knowledge and theoretical development when it comes to incorporating temporality, particularly in the exploration of phenomena at individual‐/micro‐levels, arguably most salient to organizational psychology researchers. We respond to these challenges by introducing a novel, step‐by‐step analytical approach that facilitates rigorous incorporation of temporality into the analysis and theorization of micro‐level, qualitative diary data, termed Thematic Trajectory Analysis (TTA).Practitioner points

Existing qualitative analytical methods have limitations when applied to qualitative diary data and have thereby limited the questions that may be explored, and understood, through qualitative data.

Offers an alternative, step‐by‐step, analytical approach for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand within‐person changes and dynamism in organizations.

Enables the benefits of qualitative diaries to be better exploited by both researchers and practitioners and thereby lead to better understanding of how organizational processes unfold, and in turn, lead to stronger intervention mechanisms.

Demonstrates the utility of combing textual and visualized data outputs in understanding complex and dynamic phenomena in organizations.
Sleep microstructure in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to the underlying sleep phenotypes
Authors: Miano Silvia , Castelnovo Anna , Bruni Oliviero , Manconi Mauro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analysis of sleep microstructure in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) revealed an under‐representation of the EEG slow component during NREM sleep. Previous studies either excluded or did not characterize objectively sleep disorders, which notoriously affect sleep architecture. The present study aimed to investigate the cyclic alternating pattern in a real clinical sample of children with ADHD, in whom sleep disorders could be considered. Twenty‐seven consecutively enrolled drug‐naïve children (mean age, 10.53 years; nine females) and 23 controls (mean age, 10.22 years; 11 females) underwent a full sleep investigation, including attended video‐polysomnography. Visual cyclic alternating pattern analysis was performed in a blinded way. Children with ADHD had one or more sleep disorders (a narcolepsy‐like phenotype was found in two cases, sleep onset insomnia in three cases, arousal disorder in one case, movement disorder phenotype in six cases and obstructive sleep apnea in 11 cases, and six children had sleep‐related epileptiform discharges). Children with ADHD and normal controls showed a similar microstructure with a cyclic alternating pattern rate of about 50%. Children with obstructive sleep apnea had a significantly higher cyclic alternating pattern rate during stage N3. Despite not reaching statistical differences, a lower cyclic alternating pattern rate and A1 index were found in children without epileptic abnormalities/obstructive sleep apnea. Our analysis might allow differentiation of the “primary form” of ADHD associated with a decrease of NREM instability from those forms associated with sleep apnea and epileptic activity.