bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization of 5S ribosomal DNA of Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Authors: Ishchenko O. O. , Kozub V. V. , Panchuk I. I. 
Published: February 2021

Aim. 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) represents a universal model for studying the evolution of repeated sequences in eukaryotic organisms. Taking into account that this region of the genome still remains almost undescribed in species of the family Sapindaceae, we investigated the molecular organization of a repeated unit of 5S rDNA in a member of this family, Litchi chinensis. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 5S rDNA. Results. It was found that the length of the repeated unit of the 5S rDNA of L. chinensis is 321 -323 bp. The level of intragenomic similarity of 5S rDNA repeats is 87.1 %. Potential external elements of the RNA polymerase III promoter, which are localized in IGS, differ from those described for members of other families of angiosperms. Conclusions. In the genome of L. chinensis, at least two classes of 5S rDNA repeats are present, which differ in the sequence of external promoter elements.
Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, Litchi chinensis, Sapindaceae.
Creating Sim Flower Scent (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) for Product Sim Fruit from Natural Materials in Vietnam
Authors: Hai Le Huy , Truc Le Mai Xuan 
Published: February 2021

Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to reproduce the scent of Sim (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) flower from natural substances present in Vietnam to replace the scent extracted from Sim flower.
Materials and Methods: All the materials for making the Sim flower fragrance and products from Sim fruit are natural sources in Vietnam.
Fragrance assessment by olfactory, the aroma is diluted 20 times with an odorless diethyl phthalate (DEP) solvent, followed by a special scent paper and the smell of the nose to assess the scent. The fragrance of Sim flower was tested on Sim syrup product 0.2%, Sim jam 0.5%, Sim wine 0.3% by weight.
Results: After the experiment, we have selected fragrance FW.1, FW.2 for Sim wine, FS.1 and FS.2 for Sim syrup, FJ.1 and FJ.2 for Sim jam.
The main aroma of Sim flower is made up of Aldehyde anisic, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamon bark oil, Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Linalyl cinnamate, Linalyl formate, Linalyl butyrate. Aldehyde anisic and Linalool are the main constituents that determine the aroma of Sim flower.
Conclusions: We have created the scent of Sim flower from natural materials in Vietnam for Sim wine FW.1, FW.2, for Sim syrup FS.1, FS.2, and Sim jam FJ.1, FJ.2. Sim flower FW.1, FW.2, FS.1, FS.2, FJ.1, and FJ.2 are added to Sim wine, Sim syrup, Sim jam to increase the value and appeal of the products made from Vietnam Sim fruit.
Sexual Activity of Local Sahel Goat Breed in Niger
Authors: Mamman Mani , Issa Hamadou , Mahamadou Moussa Garba , Hamani Marichatou , Jérôme Sawadogo Germain 
Published: February 2021

Aims: In Niger, the Sahel goat breed counts for around 80% of the national goat herd. However, it is scientifically little or not known. Thus, one of the aims of its zootechnical characterization is the control of its sexual activity, a fundamental physiological basis of reproductive function.
Study Design: For this purpose, a sample of 47 Sahel goats in two phenotypically different sub-samples: from the Tahoua region (22) and Tillabéry region (25) was installed and monitored for heat control in order to characterize female sexual activities.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for a period of 9 months (January to September) at the experimental station of University of Niamey Faculty of Agronomy.
Methodology: Heat controls by using harnessed males with a non-marking protective apron were carried out twice daily (8 am and 5 pm).
Results: A total of 146 heats and 100 cycles were observed. It appeared that heat starts and ends mostly in the morning (76% and 70% respectively). Annual sexual activity has gone through two phases. A phase of an almost total rupture of heat from February to April and a phase of regular sexual activity from May to September and by extension the rest of the year. The mean duration of estrus and sexual cycle are respectively 35.75 ± 15.72 hours and 20.9 ± 9.7 days with strong individual variations (12 to 132 hours and 4 to 55 days for respective estrus and sexual cycle). The “T” test showed that there are no significant differences in these parameters between the two sub-samples (Tahoua and Tillabéry).
Conclusion: Ultimately, the estrus and sexual cycle of Niger Sahel goat are common to those of the goat species in general.
Design and Implementation of a Simplified CodeIgniter Framework for Commercial Vehicles Ticket Reservation System
Authors: Kayode A. Aroyehun , Alabi Abdullateef O. 
Published: February 2021

With traditional strategies to design websites comes with many obstacles, many limitations, time-consuming and other relative errors. Subject to this reason, new technology like MVC pattern frameworks was discovered through some organizations to address such problems. The task of manual schedule and verification of travellers' booked tickets is laborious, time-consuming and the accuracy of the manual booking system is in question. Therefore, it was a mind set of computerizing these activities. These studies present the design and implementation of a website using CodeIgniter Framework for Commercial Vehicle Ticket Reservation System. The load test functional behavior and measurement of performance was determined. The final result proved that the development was standardized and the non-commercial enterprise logic relationship of the e-transport system was automatically processed. These include Commuter companies, travellers, Human resources management activities and booking activities, thus helping transporters to efficiently handle their road transport business and other related activities.
GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Cissampelos Pareira and Their Anti-Diabetic Activity
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Gilani Sadaf Jamal , Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Kala Chandra , Godara Deepak , Rahat Iqra , Khan Najam Ali 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present work deals with the GC-MS-analysis of chemical constituents of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira leaves and thier anti-diabetic activity.
Methods: GC-MS analysis of extract was performed using Shimadzu QP-2010 plus with thermal desorption system 20. Acute oral toxicity of extract was done using the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. Diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg, i.p. to all the rats except in rats of control group. Following which oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the rats were divided into various experimental groups. Various treatments continued for 21 days. Parameters such as blood glucose level, body weight, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and oxidative markers were checked.
Results: GC-MS analysis of the extract identified 25 compounds present in it. Based on acute oral toxicity study three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira leaves viz 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were selected for evaluation of anti-diabetic activity. The extracts at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg BW were able to reduce blood sugar level, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and Malondialdehyde; and enhance body weight, high density lipoprotein and Glutathione significantly when compared to rats of negative control group. The effect of extract at dose 400 mg/kg was comparable to standard Glibenclamide.
Conclusion: Results conclude that the chemical constituents present in the hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira contained some anti-diabetic compounds possessing strong anti-diabetic activity.
An Up to Date Guideline for Management and Prevention of Dog and Cat Bite – A Literature Review
Authors: Hosain M. M. , Mohamed M. T. , Siddiqui A. 
Published: February 2021

Background: The prevalence of animal bites is high, of which the vast majority are from cats’ and dogs’. There is a wide variation in severity of such bites from mild to lethal. The evidence in the literature with respect to management does not provide a solid ground on which such cases could be managed. Dog and Cat bites are more common and can have dramatic consequences especially for children.
Objective: This project is to identify current evidence in the literature on epidemiology, management and prevention of dog and cat bites. This review is aimed at clinicians who deal with dog and cat bites. The basic principles of wound management and indications for use of antimicrobials, tetanus and rabies prophylaxis as well as preventive education are the primary focus of this article to help the clinicians. This aims at updating the management of patients who sustain a dog or a cat bite.
Materials and Methods: A literature review on the management of animal bites was performed. UK NICE guidelines, University of Texas bites management guidelines, WHO rabies prophylaxis protocol, UK Green Book and infectious diseases text books also reviewed.
Results: The available data in the literature suggest that appropriate wound management is the most important factor for prevention of infection in dog and cat bites. Antibiotic prophylaxis should only be given in high-risk wounds and primary closure should be performed in low-risk wounds.
Conclusions: Proper assessment and wound care are the prime consideration for dog and cat bites management.
The Impact of Coolant Temperatures on Various Cycle Parameters of NH3-H2O Absorption Chiller from Solar Source
Authors: Akair Adel , Baej Hesham 
Published: February 2021

The cycles’ structure was based on recently published technical information of low-temperatures powered Ammonia-water (NH3-H2O) absorption chiller. The cycle was completely modeled using different components available within the refrigeration library of IPSEpro software package. Using the model a cold-water ammonia-water absorption chiller was examined and validated in accordance to the relevant thermodynamic laws and charts. A low-grade temperature solar resource was modeled to energise the proposed model. For water-cooled cycles, the rejected heat from the absorbers and the condensers was carried out by water, at an average fixed temperature of 25°C, pumped out from ground water. The results obtained show that when the Coefficient of performance (COP), heat inputs into the generator, and cooling mass flow rates are fixed, the cycle parameters are highly affected by variation of coolant temperature. For instance when cooling water temperature decreases. Also when cooling water temperature increase, the cycle pressure, usable chilled water temperature difference and desorber outlet temperature increase whereas mass concentration and refrigeration capacity decrease. The effectiveness of the generator inlet temperature (solar source) is a factor of the largest effect to the COP. The difference was 0.1401, 27.4%. The chilled water inlet temperature (underground water) is the second largest effect to the COP. The difference between the maximum and the minimum value is 0.0865 and the relative difference is 18.9% with cooling capacity 12 kW. The influence of evaporator temperature to the COP is also minimal with only 2.2% difference. The influence of absorber temperature and condenser temperature to the COP are almost identical, the relative difference is 19.2% and 18.9% respectively.
High stroma‐derived WNT5A is an indicator for low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kisel Wadim , Conrad Stefanie , Borkowetz Angelika , Furesi Giulia , Füssel Susanne , Sommer Ulrich , Rauner Martina , Thomas Christian , Baretton Gustavo B. , Schaser Klaus‐Dieter , Hofbauer Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C. 
Published: February 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of cancer‐related death in men. Tumor‐derived protein derived from Wnt5A gene (WNT5A) plays an important role in primary and metastatic PCa. Surrounding stroma cells also produce WNT5A, which may modulate the biology of PCa. Here, we assessed the role of stroma‐derived WNT5A (stWNT5A) in primary PCa. A tissue microarray of samples obtained from 400 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and control samples from 41 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was immunohistochemically assessed for expression of stWNT5A. The cores were scored for staining intensity: 0 (no staining), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong) and the stained stromal surface area: 0 (0%), 1 (1–25%), 2 (26–50%), 3 (51–75%), or 4 (76–100%). Gleason Score (GS) and TNM‐stage were assessed by stratifying the cohort into high‐risk (≥ pT3, pN1, GS ≥ 8) and non‐high‐risk patients. Ki67 and TUNEL assays were performed to assess proliferation and apoptosis. Expression of stWNT5A in BPH and tumor‐free control samples was 1.2‐fold higher compared to tumor samples (P < 0.001). Non‐high‐risk patients had a higher stWNT5A score than high‐risk patients (P < 0.05). stWNT5A expression was not correlated with overall and cancer‐specific survival. Proliferation (r2 = 0.038, P < 0.001) and apoptosis (r2 = 0.277, P < 0.001) negatively correlated with stWNT5A expression. In summary, we show that expression of stWNT5A is higher in benign tissue and non‐high‐risk PCa. Stroma‐derived Wnt signaling and tumor‐derived Wnt may differentially impact on tumor behavior. Future studies are warranted to dissect the Wnt profile in tumor vs. surrounding stroma tissues.
Image interpretation: Learning analytics–informed education opportunities
Authors: Thau Elana , Perez Manuela , Pusic Martin V. , Pecaric Martin , Rizzuti David , Boutis Kathy 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesUsing a sample of pediatric chest radiographs (pCXR) taken to rule out pneumonia, we obtained diagnostic interpretations from physicians and used learning analytics to determine the radiographic variables and participant review processes that predicted for an incorrect diagnostic interpretation.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study. A convenience sample of frontline physicians with a range of experience levels interpreted 200 pCXR presented using a customized online radiograph presentation platform. Participants were asked to determine absence or presence (with respective location) of pneumonia. The pCXR were categorized for specific image‐based variables potentially associated with interpretation difficulty. We also generated heat maps displaying the locations of diagnostic error among normal pCXR. Finally, we compared image review processes in participants with higher versus lower levels of clinical experience.ResultsWe enrolled 83 participants (20 medical students, 40 postgraduate trainees, and 23 faculty) and obtained 12,178 case interpretations. Variables that predicted for increased pCXR interpretation difficulty were pneumonia versus no pneumonia (β = 8.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.4 to 10.0), low versus higher visibility of pneumonia (β = –2.2, 95% CI = –2.7 to –1.7), nonspecific lung pathology (β = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.5), localized versus multifocal pneumonia (β = –0.5, 95% CI = –0.8 to –0.1), and one versus two views (β = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.9). A review of diagnostic errors identified that bony structures, vessels in the perihilar region, peribronchial thickening, and thymus were often mistaken for pneumonia. Participants with lower experience were less accurate when they reviewed one of two available views (p < 0.0001), and accuracy of those with higher experience increased with increased confidence in their response (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsUsing learning analytics, we identified actionable learning opportunities for pCXR interpretation, which can be used to allow for a customized weighting of which cases to practice. Furthermore, experienced–novice comparisons revealed image review processes that were associated with greater diagnostic accuracy, providing additional insight into skill development of image interpretation.
Changes in patient background and prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatitis virus infection status: New trends in Japan
Authors: Okamura Yukiyasu , Sugiura Teiichi , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Ohtsuka Shimpei , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan. However, the cause and prognosis of HCC may be dramatically changed by direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Although the 2015 nationwide survey used a large cohort, its findings may be outdated. The present study therefore aimed to show the latest outcomes by patients’ hepatitis virus infection status.MethodsWe included 552 patients who underwent hepatectomy for primary HCC between 2002 and 2018 and compared clinical factors between those treated before 2014 (n = 380) and after 2014 (n = 172), when DAAs became available.ResultsDistribution of hepatitis virus infection status between the two groups differed significantly (P < 0.001). In the earlier group, 46% of the patients had HCC with HCV infection (C‐HCC), whereas the rate of C‐HCC decreased (31%) and 54% of the patients had HCC with no hepatitis virus infection (NBNC‐HCC) in the latter group. The proportion of HCC with hepatitis B virus infection (B‐HCC) and the prognosis of B‐HCC did not significantly change between the two groups. Among patients with C‐HCC, the latter patients had significantly longer relapse‐free survival (RFS) than the earlier patients (P = 0.033). However, RFS did not significantly differ between the earlier and latter patients with NBNC‐HCC.ConclusionPostoperative prognosis has changed according to patients’ hepatitis virus infection status. The proportion of patients with NBNC‐HCC has increased, but their prognosis has not been improved. Treatment strategies for NBNC‐HCC should be established.
Do seedlings of larger geophytic species outperform smaller ones when challenged by drought?
Authors: Mocko Kerri , Jones Cynthia S. 
Published: February 2021

PremiseIn semiarid regions, decreasing rainfall presents a challenge to perennial seedlings that must reach sufficient size to survive the first year’s seasonal drought. Attaining a large storage organ size has been hypothesized to enhance drought resilience in geophytes, but building larger storage organs requires faster growth, but paradoxically, some traits that confer faster growth are highly sensitive to drought. We examined whether tuber size confers greater drought resilience in seedlings of four closely related geophytic species of Pelargonium.MethodsWe imposed two drought treatments when seedlings were 2 months old: chronic low water and acute water restriction for 10 days. Plants in the acute dry‐down treatment were then rewatered at control levels. We compared morphological and ecophysiological traits at 2, 3, and 6 months of age and used mixed‐effects models to identify traits determining tuber biomass at dormancy.ResultsDespite a 10‐fold variation in size, species had similar physiological trait values under well‐watered conditions. Chronic and acute droughts negatively affected tuber size at the end of the season, but only in the two species with large tubers. Chronic drought did not affect physiological traits of any species, but in response to acute drought, larger species showed reduced photosynthetic performance. Canopy area was the best predictor of final tuber biomass.ConclusionsContradictory to the hypothesis that large tubers provide greater drought resiliency, small Pelargonium seedlings actually had higher drought tolerance, although at the expense of more vigorous growth compared to species with larger tubers under well‐watered conditions.
Novel USP9X variant associated with syndromic intellectual disability in a female: A case study and review
Authors: Meira Joanna Goes Castro , Magalhães Bruna Souza , Ferreira Isabella Brige Bonifácio , Tavares Dione Fernandes , Kobayashi Gerson Shigeru , Leão Emília Katiane E. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeterozygous variants in USP9X are associated with female‐restricted X‐linked mental retardation (MRXS99F), a rare syndrome characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), and a wide variety of additional congenital anomalies. Here, we report a girl harboring a novel de novo loss‐of‐function variant in USP9X (c.4091delinsAG, p.Thr1364Lysfs*7), and literature review revealed novel prenatal features associated with MRXS99F, expanding the genotypic and phenotypic landscape of the syndrome. It is important to consider X‐linked diseases in girls with ID and perform directed molecular investigation to provide correct diagnosis and prognosis.
Dietary shifts and diversities of individual life histories reveal cultural dynamics and interplay of millets and rice in the Chengdu Plain, China during the Late Neolithic (2500–2000 cal. BC)
Authors: Yi Bing , Liu Xiangyu , Yan Xue , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Jian , Yuan Haibing , Hu Yaowu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe undertook a more comprehensive analyses than our previous study (Yi et al., International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2018, 28, 636–644) at the Gaoshan site (~2500–2000 cal. BC) to expand our understanding of the different roles of rice and millets to human subsistence strategies, diachronic shift of human diets, diversity of human life histories and cultural influence (dental ablation) to human population.Materials and MethodsCarbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of human (ribs and long bones, n = 68) and animal (n = 15) bones as well as carbonized seeds from rice and millets (n = 8) were undertaken. Human bones were directly AMS‐14C dated. In addition, sequential sampling of 16 individuals with varied age and sex and cultural contexts for isotopic analysis was also conducted.ResultsThe calibrated dating results (n = 27) indicate that there existed two periods of occupation at the site, ~2500–2200 BC and ~2200–1900 BC. Moderate high δ15N values were found in the crops. Isotopic data from bone collagen suggest that the humans mainly relied on C3‐based animal protein and were supplemented by C4‐based foods. This isotopic pattern is also seen in pigs. Significant difference of human δ13C values (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05) between the two periods was observed. Compared to the bones, the isotopic data of human dentine serial sections show a much wider variability and higher δ13C values.DiscussionThe crops (millets and rice) were probably manured. Human individuals subsisted on rice/millet agriculture and pigs in general. In combination with the radiocarbon dates, the increase of C3 (rice) consumption by the humans was found from the early (2500–2200 cal. BC) to late (2200–2000 cal. BC) periods, indicating the intensification of rice agriculture through time. However, four categories of human life histories during childhood are identified given different isotopic profiles of dentine sections, demonstrating that C3 (rice) and C4 (millets)‐based foods played different roles in human lives. Even though, there were similar weaning practices among the human populations. It is surprising that human individuals with dental ablation, cultural characteristic in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Valley, consumed more millets during childhood in the early period than those without dental ablation in the late period. Our study here provides novel insights into cultural dynamics and the interplay between rice and millets in rice‐millet agricultural system during the Late Neolithic in Southwest China.