bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L2-Betti Numbers ofC*-Tensor Categories Associated with Totally Disconnected Groups
Authors: Valvekens Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove that the $L^2$-Betti numbers of a rigid $C^*$-tensor category vanish in the presence of an almost-normal subcategory with vanishing $L^2$-Betti numbers, generalising a result of [ 7]. We apply this criterion to show that the categories constructed from totally disconnected groups in [ 6] have vanishing $L^2$-Betti numbers. Given an almost-normal inclusion of discrete groups $\Lambda &lt;\Gamma $, with $\Gamma $ acting on a type $\textrm{II}_1$ factor $P$ by outer automorphisms, we relate the cohomology theory of the quasi-regular inclusion $P\rtimes \Lambda \subset P\rtimes \Gamma $ to that of the Schlichting completion $G$ of $\Lambda &lt;\Gamma $. If $\Lambda &lt;\Gamma $ is unimodular, this correspondence allows us to prove that the $L^2$-Betti numbers of $P\rtimes \Lambda \subset P\rtimes \Gamma $ are equal to those of $G$.
Reduced Birth Weight Caused by Sextuple Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Early Second Trimester
Authors: Hansson Helle , Minja Daniel T R , Moeller Sofie L , Lusingu John P A , Bygbjerg Ib C , Yde Anna-Mathilde , Jensen Rasmus W , Nag Sidsel , Msemo Omari A , Theander Thor G , Alifrangis Michael , Schmiegelow Christentze 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes Pfdhfr and Pfdhps, particularly the sextuple mutant haplotype threatens the antimalarial effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp). To explore the impact of sextuple mutant haplotype infections on outcome measures after provision of IPTp with SP, we monitored birth outcomes in women followed up from before conception or from the first trimester until delivery. Women infected with sextuple haplotypes, in the early second trimester specifically, delivered newborns with a lower birth weight compared with women who did not have malaria during pregnancy (difference, −267 g; 95% confidence interval, −454 to −59; P = .01) and women infected with less SP-resistant haplotypes (−461 g; −877 to −44; P = .03). Thus, sextuple haplotype infections seem to affect the effectiveness of SP for IPTp and directly affect birth outcome by lowering birth weight. Close monitoring and targeted malaria control during early pregnancy is therefore crucial to improving birth outcomes.
Scanning ion-conductance microscopy with a double-barreled nanopipette for topographic imaging of charged chromosomes
Authors: Iwata Futoshi , Shirasawa Tatsuru , Mizutani Yusuke , Ushiki Tatsuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is useful for imaging soft and fragile biological samples in liquids because it probes the samples’ surface topography by detecting ion currents under non-contact and force-free conditions. SICM acquires the surface topographical height by detecting the ion current reduction that occurs when an electrolyte-filled glass nanopipette approaches the sample surface. However, most biological materials have electrically charged surfaces in liquid environments, which sometimes affect the behavior of the ion currents detected by SICM and, especially, make topography measurements difficult. For measuring such charged samples, we propose a novel imaging method that uses a double-barrel nanopipette as an SICM probe. The ion current between the two apertures of the nanopipette desensitizes the surface charge effect on imaging. In this study, metaphase chromosomes of Indian muntjac were imaged by this technique because, owing to their strongly negatively charged surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline, it is difficult to obtain the topography of the chromosomes by the conventional SICM with a single-aperture nanopipette. Using the proposed method with a double-barrel nanopipette, the surfaces of the chromosomes were successfully measured, without any surface charge confounder. Since the detailed imaging of sample topography can be performed in physiological liquid conditions regardless of the sample charge, it is expected to be used for analyzing the high-order structure of chromosomes in relation to their dynamic changes in the cell division.
Diet Quality and Breast Cancer Recurrence and Survival: The Pathways Study
Authors: Ergas Isaac J , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M , Bradshaw Patrick T , Roh Janise M , Kwan Marilyn L , Cadenhead Jen , Santiago-Torres Margarita , Troeschel Alyssa N , Laraia Barbara , Madsen Kristine , Kushi Lawrence H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Prior research suggests a relationship between overall diet quality and breast cancer survival, although few studies have reported on this topic. We evaluated whether 4 dietary quality indices consistent with healthy eating recommendations around the time of breast cancer diagnosis were associated with risk of recurrence, cause-specific, and all-cause mortality.

Methods
A total of 3660 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer were included. Diet was assessed an average of 2.3 (range = 0.7-18.7) months after diagnosis, from which 4 dietary quality indices were derived: the American Cancer Society guidelines (ACS), the alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Over 40 888 person-years of follow-up, 461 breast cancer recurrences, and 655 deaths were ascertained. Cox models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Adjusted comparisons between extreme quintiles showed all 4 dietary quality indices to be inversely associated with all-cause mortality, suggesting a 21%-27% lower risk (ACS HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.95; aMED HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.03; DASH HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.00; HEI HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.01). Similar patterns were noted for non-breast cancer mortality (ACS HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.98; aMED HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.50 to 1.05; DASH HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.79; HEI HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.94). None of the dietary quality indices were associated with recurrence or breast cancer–specific mortality.

Conclusion
Food intake patterns concordant with dietary quality indices consistent with recommendations for healthy eating may be beneficial for women with breast cancer.
Directionality of butterfly leaves and nonuniform deformation mechanism in gob-side entry driving roadway
Authors: Li Ji , Wang Wenshuo , Li Bin , Tan Jihao , Peng Bo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Existing rock pressure theory, with the pressure-plastic zone as the core, cannot reveal the nonuniform large deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in a deep roadway. To address this problem, the 11030 gob-side entry driving roadway of the Zhaogu No. 2 Mine is used as an example, in conjunction with elastoplastic mechanics theoretical analysis, to study the butterfly plastic region and the direction of the butterfly leaf in the homogeneous circular roadway. In addition, the finite-element method was used to study the environmental characteristics of the stress field of the surrounding rock before the excavation of the gob-side entry driving roadway and to analyze the effect of the principal stress on the butterfly plastic region of the surrounding rock. The results showed that, under the combined action of high ground stress and disturbed stress, the surrounding rock of the deep front edge of the gob in the central area of the main stress could form a large range for the butterfly leaf plastic area. The deflection angle of the four butterfly leaves in the plastic region was the same as that of the main stress direction. The butterfly plate plastic zone that formed in the deep surrounding rock of the gob-side entry driving roadway led to not only extension, degradation and disappearance to different degrees, but also deflection under the action of the main stress. This led to large deformation of the rock strata in the butterfly leaf plastic region, ultimately causing uneven deformation and failure of the 11030 roadway.
Toward a new generation of databases and database applications for describing ancient manuscripts
Authors: Andrist Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the reasons why current manuscript databases provide unsatisfying results about a codex’s historical layers and why they fall short when scanned for data with a date limit. It links this primarily to the fact that the data model (how the information is organized internally) and the description model (how the information is organized in the description presented to the users) are too closely and rigidly aligned. It advocates for developing a new model that would first allow users to define and save their own structural and historical interpretation of a codex, and use this when displaying or searching manuscripts. Secondly, users should be able to select the description model according to which manuscript information is displayed, including new and more detailed description models.
GPU-accelerated periodic source identification in large-scale surveys: measuring P and P
Authors: Katz Michael L , Cooper Olivia R , Coughlin Michael W , Burdge Kevin B , Breivik Katelyn , Larson Shane L 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Many inspiraling and merging stellar remnants emit both gravitational and electromagnetic radiation as they orbit or collide. These gravitational wave events together with their associated electromagnetic counterparts provide insight about the nature of the merger, allowing us to further constrain properties of the binary. With the future launch of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), follow-up observations and models are needed of ultracompact binary (UCB) systems. Current and upcoming long baseline time domain surveys will observe many of these UCBs. We present a new fast periodic object search tool capable of searching for generic periodic signals based on the conditional entropy algorithm. This new implementation allows for a grid search over both the period (P) and the time derivative of the period ($\dot{P}$). To demonstrate the usage of this tool, we use a small, hand-picked subset of a UCB population generated from the population synthesis code cosmic , as well as a custom catalogue for varying periods at fixed intrinsic parameters. We simulate light curves as likely to be observed by future time domain surveys by using an existing eclipsing binary light-curve model accounting for the change in orbital period due to gravitational radiation. We find that a search with $\dot{P}$ values is necessary for detecting binaries at orbital periods less than ∼10 min. We also show it is useful in finding and characterizing binaries with longer periods, but at a higher computational cost. Our code is called gce (GPU-accelerated Conditional Entropy). It is available on Github (https://github.com/mikekatz04/gce).
Exotic image formation in strong gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies – I. Cross-section
Authors: Meena Ashish Kumar , Bagla Jasjeet Singh 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
In a recent paper, we have discussed the higher order singularities in gravitational lensing. We have shown that a singularity map, comprising A3- lines and unstable (point) singularities (A4 and D4), is a compact representation of high magnification regions corresponding to a given lens model for all possible source redshifts. It marks all the optimal locations for deep surveys in the lens plane. Here, we present singularity maps for 10 different clusters lenses selected from the Hubble Frontier fields (HFF) and the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) surveys. We have identified regions in the lens plane with a high magnification for sources up to redshift 10. To determine the dependence of unstable (point) singularities on lens mass model reconstruction techniques, we compared singularity maps corresponding to the different mass models (provided by various groups in the HFF survey) for each cluster lens. We find that the non-parametric (free-form) method of lens mass reconstruction yields the least number of point singularities. In contrast, mass models reconstructed by various groups using a parametric approach have a significantly larger number of point singularities. We also estimate the number of galaxies lying near these unstable (point) singularities, which can be observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that we expect to get at least one hyperbolic umbilic and one swallowtail image formation for a source at z &gt; 1 for every five clusters with JWST. These numbers are much higher than earlier estimates.
Nested sampling with plateaus
Authors: Fowlie Andrew , Handley Will , Su Liangliang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIt was recently emphasized that in the presence of plateaus in the likelihood function nested sampling (NS) produces faulty estimates of the evidence and posterior densities. After informally explaining the cause of the problem, we present a modified version of NS that handles plateaus and can be applied retrospectively to NS runs from popular NS software using anesthetic. In the modified NS, live points in a plateau are evicted one by one without replacement, with ordinary NS compression of the prior volume after each eviction but taking into account the dynamic number of live points. The live points are replenished once all points in the plateau are removed. We demonstrate it on a number of examples. Since the modification is simple, we propose that it becomes the canonical version of Skilling’s NS algorithm.
Synbiotics improve clinical indicators of ulcerative colitis: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Rufino Marcos Natal , da Costa Airan Lobo , Jorge Eloisa Nascimento , Paiano Viviane Ferreira , Camparoto Marjori Leiva , Keller Rogéria , Bremer-Neto Hermann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic, relapsing diseases that compromise life quality and expectancy. The increased incidence and prevalence of these diseases reinforce the need for research on prevention, therapy, and management innovations. Synbiotics (ie, probiotic plus prebiotic combinations) are suggested as an alternative or complementary therapy to conventional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective
The aim for this systematic review was to gather and analyze data from randomized controlled trials to provide more information to increase the current evidence level about the safety and efficacy of synbiotic use as a supplemental treatment for ulcerative colitis.

Data Sources
Searches were performed in the Medline, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, and Embase databases between January 2017 and March 2019, using the keywords “colitis” and ”synbiotics”.

Data Extraction
The data extraction method performed for each trial was based on the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for randomized clinical trials. The trials included in this meta-analysis presented low risk of bias, based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guidelines.

Data Analysis
The results demonstrated that synbiotics significantly improved colonic endoscopic and histologic scores, the Clinical Activity Index, serum C-reactive protein levels, intestinal microbiota, Bowel Habits Index, and levels of messenger RNAs, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-10, and myeloperoxidase in the patients. In addition, the use of synbiotics increased probiotic microorganisms, reduced proinflammatory colonic cytokines, and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions
Therefore, the results of this meta-analysis reinforce the evidence that synbiotics provide benefits to patients when used as an alternative or complementary therapy for those with ulcerative colitis.
Ectopic maltase alleviates dwarf phenotype and improves plant frost tolerance of maltose transporter mutants
Authors: Cvetkovic Jelena , Haferkamp Ilka , Rode Regina , Keller Isabel , Pommerrenig Benjamin , Trentmann Oliver , Altensell Jacqueline , Fischer-Stettler Michaela , Eicke Simona , Zeeman Samuel C , Neuhaus H Ekkehard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Maltose, the major product of starch breakdown in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, exits the chloroplast via the maltose exporter1 MEX1. Consequently, mex1 loss-of-function plants exhibit substantial maltose accumulation, a starch-excess phenotype and a specific chlorotic phenotype during leaf development. Here, we investigated whether the introduction of an alternative metabolic route could suppress the marked developmental defects typical for mex1 loss-of-function mutants. To this end, we ectopically expressed in mex1 chloroplasts a functional maltase (MAL) from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chloroplastidial MAL [cpMAL] mutants). Remarkably, the stromal MAL activity substantially alleviates most phenotypic peculiarities typical for mex1 plants. However, the cpMAL lines contained only slightly less maltose than parental mex1 plants and their starch levels were, surprisingly, even higher. These findings point to a threshold level of maltose responsible for the marked developmental defects in mex1. While growth and flowering time were only slightly retarded, cpMAL lines exhibited a substantially improved frost tolerance, when compared to wild-types. In summary, these results demonstrate the possibility to bypass the MEX1 transporter, allow us to differentiate between possible starch-excess and maltose-excess responses, and demonstrate that stromal maltose accumulation prevents frost defects. The latter insight may be instrumental for the development of crop plants with improved frost tolerance.
MONTE CARLO DOSE ASSESSMENT IN DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Jeon Hosang , Kyung Kim Ho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) uses an x-ray beam field covering the maxillomandibular region and the width-truncated detector geometry. The spatial dose distribution in dental CBCT is analyzed in terms of local primary and remote secondary doses by using a list-mode analysis of x-ray interactions obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations. The patient-dose benefit due to the width-truncated detector geometry is also investigated for a wide range of detector offsets. The developed dose estimation agrees with the measurement in a relative error of 7.7%. The secondary dose outside of the irradiation field becomes larger with increasing tube voltage. The dose benefit with the width-truncated geometry linearly increases as the detector-offset width is decreased. Leaving the CT image quality out of the account, the MC results reveal that the operation of dental CBCT with a lower tube voltage and a smaller detector-offset width is beneficial to the patient dose.
A Lower Tidal Volume Regimen during One-lung Ventilation for Lung Resection Surgery Is Not Associated with Reduced Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Colquhoun Douglas A. , Leis Aleda M. , Shanks Amy M. , Mathis Michael R. , Naik Bhiken I. , Durieux Marcel E. , Kheterpal Sachin , Pace Nathan L. , Popescu Wanda M. , Schonberger Robert B. , Kozower Benjamin D. , Walters Dustin M. , Blasberg Justin D. , Chang Andrew C. , Aziz Michael F. , Harukuni Izumi , Tieu Brandon H. , Blank Randal S. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Protective ventilation may improve outcomes after major surgery. However, in the context of one-lung ventilation, such a strategy is incompletely defined. The authors hypothesized that a putative one-lung protective ventilation regimen would be independently associated with decreased odds of pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery.

Methods
The authors merged Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database and Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group intraoperative data for lung resection procedures using one-lung ventilation across five institutions from 2012 to 2016. They defined one-lung protective ventilation as the combination of both median tidal volume 5 ml/kg or lower predicted body weight and positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O or greater. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day major postoperative pulmonary complications.

Results
A total of 3,232 cases were available for analysis. Tidal volumes decreased modestly during the study period (6.7 to 6.0 ml/kg; P < 0.001), and positive end-expiratory pressure increased from 4 to 5 cm H2O (P < 0.001). Despite increasing adoption of a “protective ventilation” strategy (5.7% in 2012 vs. 17.9% in 2016), the prevalence of pulmonary complications did not change significantly (11.4 to 15.7%; P = 0.147). In a propensity score matched cohort (381 matched pairs), protective ventilation (mean tidal volume 6.4 vs. 4.4 ml/kg) was not associated with a reduction in pulmonary complications (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.32). In an unmatched cohort, the authors were unable to define a specific alternative combination of positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume that was associated with decreased risk of pulmonary complications.

Conclusions
In this multicenter retrospective observational analysis of patients undergoing one-lung ventilation during thoracic surgery, the authors did not detect an independent association between a low tidal volume lung-protective ventilation regimen and a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Failed Induction of Labor Using a Contemporary Definition
Authors: Freret Taylor S. , Woods Gregory T. , James Kaitlyn E. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Clapp Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the incidence of failed induction of labor and the associated patient risk factors.

METHODS:
We performed a case–control study from a cohort of nulliparous women who delivered between 39 and 41 weeks of gestation after an induction of labor in one of seven hospitals. Cases of failed induction were defined using the Obstetric Care Consensus criteria (ie, cesarean delivery performed in early labor [less than 6 cm dilatation] after at least 12 hours of oxytocin administration from membrane rupture). For each case of failed induction, the next four women who did not meet the criteria for failed induction of labor were selected for the control group, matched by hospital. We identified characteristics associated with failed induction of labor using a multivariable conditional logistic regression that was constructed with backward stepwise method for variable selection.

RESULTS:
Across the hospitals, 4,123 of 10,175 nulliparous women were induced (40.5%), of whom 82 had a failed induction of labor (2.0%). A total of 328 women were selected for the matched control group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Compared with women in the control group, women with a failed induction were more likely to have a delivery body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher (28.0 vs 8.2%, P<.001), shorter height (mean 63.9 vs 64.8 inches, P=.01), and closed cervix on admission (41.5 vs 24.1%, P=.002). Factors significantly associated with induction failure in the multivariable model included: 1) delivery BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.93, 95% CI 3.48–18.09, for BMI 40 or higher relative to BMI lower than 30, 2) height in inches (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98), and 3) number of centimeters dilated on admission 2 or more (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14–0.65).

CONCLUSION:
Failed induction of labor occurs infrequently. Risk factors include shorter height, BMI 40 or higher, and cervical dilatation of less than 2 cm on admission. Even so, most women with these risk factors will not experience failed labor induction.