bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and cost‐effectiveness of bosentan and sildenafil as therapeutic drugs for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Chen Tingting , Chen Jiahe , Chen Chaoxin , Zheng Huanrui , Chen Yanhui , Liu Maobai , Zheng Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease in children, with significant mortality. Because of the limited research on pediatric PAH, first, systematic review of related drugs is conducted, and then economic evaluation of PAH drug treatment programs is conducted, which to provide a reference for the choice of more cost‐effective treatment options.MethodsThe search includes electronic databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Embase. Through inclusion and exclusion criteria, screen high‐quality randomized controlled trials. We used TreeAge Pro 2011 software to construct the markov model, that to simulate the total medical cost and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and to calculate the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analysis of transfer probability, utility, and cost was carried out.ResultsIncorporate two studies that meet the criteria, one compared the therapeutic effects of bosentan and placebo on pediatric PAH, the other compared therapeutic effects of sildenafil and placebo on pediatric PAH, both articles were of good quality. Compared with the sildenafil group (3.38QALYs and $161,120.14), the QALY of the bosentan treatment group (3.33QALYs and $257,411.29) was reduced by 0.05, and the cost increased by $96,291.15. The estimated improvement to quality of life and reduced costs result in an estimate of economic dominance for sildenafil over bosentan. This dominant result persisted probabilistic analyses.ConclusionsBased on this model, a more cost‐effective treatment drug for PAH in children is sildenafil.
Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Behrouz Vahideh , Sohrab Golbon , Hedayati Mehdi , Sedaghat Meghdad 
Published: April 2021

Inflammation and oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of long‐term consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate the effects of crocin consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. In this clinical trial with a parallel‐group design, 50 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the crocin or the placebo group. The crocin group received 15 mg crocin twice daily, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of week 12, serum high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ (TNF‐ɑ), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Compared with placebo group, crocin reduced hs‐CRP (−1.03 vs. 1.42, p = .007), TNF‐ɑ (−0.8 vs. 0.28, p = .009), and NF‐κB (−0.39 vs. 0.01, p = .047) after 12 weeks intervention; these improvements were also significant in comparison with the baseline values. Plasma IL‐6 decreased significantly in the crocin group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .037), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Plasma concentration of MDA did not change within and between groups after intervention. This study indicates that daily administration of 30 mg crocin supplement to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of hs‐CRP, TNF‐ɑ, and NF‐κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.
Practical choices for space‐filling designs
Authors: Lu Lu , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Martin Miranda , Ahmed Towfiq 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpace‐filling designs are now commonly used as a flexible model‐free strategy for providing good coverage throughout an input space of interest for a variety of computer and physical experiment design scenarios. Some of the preliminary choices about how to frame the problem and which type of design to use can have a substantial impact on the success or failure of the experiment, and yet how to make these critical choices is often under‐emphasized in the literature. In this paper, we explore several of the practical choices required by the experimenter and describe a sequence of steps to help create an ideal design that matches the goals and constraints of the experiment. These choices include the specification of the input space, the scaling of the variables, the degree of uniformity of the design points across the input space, and the space‐filling characteristics. In addition, some new tools for defining the weights to implement non‐uniform space‐filling designs are provided. The methods are demonstrated with several illustrative examples and a real‐world chemical engineering experiment for carbon capture.
The cage‐like structure enhanced magnetic moment in ScKn (n = 2–12) clusters: A first‐principles jointed particle swarm optimization investigation
Authors: Aireti Maidina , Jiang Yi , Cao Haibin , Duan Haiming , Cui Xiuhua , Jing Qun , Xue Xun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing the first principles method combined with the CALYPSO structure prediction method, the authors have investigated the geometries of the lowest‐energy and its isomers of ScKn (n = 2–12) clusters, and the electronic configurations and magnetic moments of each clusters. With the increasing size of ScKn clusters, the transition‐metal Sc atom gradually slides from the corner (for n ≤ 8) to core of cage‐like structures (for n > 9). After detailed check out the binding energy per atom Eb, second‐order difference of energy ∆E, and fragmentation energies Ef, the authors found out that the cage‐like ScKn (n = 9–12) clusters are more stable than the small‐sized ScKn (n = 2–8) clusters, and the ScK8, ScK10, and ScK12 are more stable than their neighbors. The enhanced magnetic moments are found in ScKn (n = 9–12) clusters whose total magnetic moments are 2, 3, 4, and 5 μB, respectively. The origination of the enhanced magnetic moments is further investigated using the Mulliken population, the molecular orbitals and the chemical bonding analysis. The results show that the large magnetic moments have relation with the interaction between Sc and K atoms. The valence shell of superatom ScK12 cluster can be described as 1S21P61D52S2, which made its magnetic moments as large as 5 μB.
Fully distributed bipartite time‐varying formation control for uncertain linear multi‐agent systems under event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Cai Yuliang , Zhang Huaguang , Zhang Juan , Xi Ruipeng , He Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the distributed bipartite time‐varying formation control for uncertain linear multi‐agent systems under limited communication resources. First, the distributed static bipartite control protocol with sampled data is proposed to address the time‐varying formation issue. It is noteworthy that in both controller updating and triggering condition monitoring, the communication is only occurred at sampling instants, which saves communication resources and reduces communication burden effectively. Moreover, the nonlinear term in static controller is used to suppress the effect of system uncertainty. Then the fully distributed adaptive bipartite event‐triggered control protocol is put forward such that the time‐varying formation control can be achieved. Different from the existing results on formation control, the proposed adaptive controller has the following four highlights: (1) it is fully distributed since the global information of network topology and the upper bound of uncertainty are not required; (2) the communication between neighbor agents is conducted at intermittent triggering instants, not real‐time, which reduces the communication bandwidth significantly; (3) the communication between neighbors can not only be cooperative, but also be antagonistic, which is more realistic; and (4) the effect of system uncertainty can be suppressed. Furthermore, it is proven that there is no Zeno behavior in both triggering mechanisms. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the main theoretical findings.
What Matters
Authors: Au Kathryn H. , Raphael Taffy E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe propose centering discussions of the science of reading around five values to increase the likelihood of bringing all students to high levels of literacy. These values are (1) collective responsibility, (2) equity through higher order thinking, (3) a rigorous system, (4) accountability with transparency, and (5) stability and sustainability.
Evaluation of the impact of freeze–thaw cycles on the soil pore structure of alpine meadows using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Zhao Yunduo , Hu Xia , Li XiaoYan , Jiang LiBin , Gao Zhou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFreeze–thaw cycle (FTC) is an extremely complex soil surface process in cold regions, and quantifying the changes in soil pore structure during successive FTCs remains challenging. This study investigated response of soil pore structure to FTCs and revealed the underlying influence on soil water infiltration through an FTC simulation experiment (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 cycles) and computed tomography (CT) scanning of undisturbed soil cores in an alpine meadow. One FTC involved soil freezing at −10 °C for 12 h, followed by thawing at 20 °C for 12 h. The results showed that CT‐measured soil porosity presented a variation trend of increase–decrease during successive FTCs. With increasing number of FTCs, soil porosity first increased and then decreased in the 0‐to‐75‐mm soil layer, decreased after five FTCs in the 75‐to‐150‐mm soil layer, and gradually decreased in the 150‐to‐280‐mm soil layer. Pore structures of different soil layers responded differently to FTCs, which was attributed to soil texture. The connectivity of soil pores and soil water infiltration rate decreased considerably after 10 FTCs. Therefore, FTCs changed soil pore structure of the alpine meadow, which was not conducive for soil water infiltration to deep soil layers.
Nanochemistry Modulates Intracellular Decomposition Routes of S‐Nitrosothiol Modified Silica‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Theivendran Shevanuja , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCellular delivery of nitric oxide (NO) using NO donor moieties such as S‐nitrosothiol (SNO) is of great interest for various applications. However, understandings of the intracellular decomposition routes of SNO toward either NO or ammonia (NH3) production are surprisingly scarce. Herein, the first report of SNO modified mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles with tetrasulfide bonds for enhanced intracellular NO delivery, ≈10 times higher than a commercial NO donor, is presented. The tetrasulfide chemistry modulates the SNO decomposition by shifting from NH3 to NO production in glutathione rich cancer cells. This study provides a new strategy to control the NO level in biological systems.
Understanding Shape Evolution and Phase Transition in InP Nanostructures Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy
Authors: Wang Naiyin , Wong Wei Wen , Yuan Xiaoming , Li Li , Jagadish Chennupati , Tan Hark Hoe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a strong demand for III–V nanostructures of different geometries and in the form of interconnected networks for quantum science applications. This can be achieved by selective area epitaxy (SAE) but the understanding of crystal growth in these complicated geometries is still insufficient to engineer the desired shape. Here, the shape evolution and crystal structure of InP nanostructures grown by SAE on InP substrates of different orientations are investigated and a unified understanding to explain these observations is established. A strong correlation between growth direction and crystal phase is revealed. Wurtzite (WZ) and zinc‐blende (ZB) phases form along <111>A and <111>B directions, respectively, while crystal phase remains the same along other low‐index directions. The polarity induced crystal structure difference is explained by thermodynamic difference between the WZ and ZB phase nuclei on different planes. Growth from the openings is essentially determined by pattern confinement and minimization of the total surface energy, regardless of substrate orientations. A novel type‐II WZ/ZB nanomembrane homojunction array is obtained by tailoring growth directions through alignment of the openings along certain crystallographic orientations. The understanding in this work lays the foundation for the design and fabrication of advanced III–V semiconductor devices based on complex geometrical nanostructures.
A new Cenomanian acanthomorph fish from the El Chango quarry (Chiapas, south‐eastern Mexico) and its implications for the early diversification and evolutionary trends of acanthopterygians
Authors: Cantalice Kleyton Magno , Than‐Marchese Bruno Andrés , Villalobos‐Segura Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new Cenomanian spiny‐rayed fish from El Chango quarry, Chiapas, south‐eastern Mexico is described and included, together with †Zoqueichthys carolinae and †Pepemkay maya, in the most recent phylogenetic analysis of acanthomorph fishes encompassing both extant and extinct taxa. The topologies recovered from the parsimony phylogenetic analysis using both multistate (or composite), and contingent (or reductive), coding are compared, along with a Bayesian estimation. All the analyses corroborate the placement of †Z. carolinae in the Lampripterygii, while both †Choichix alvaradoi gen. et sp. nov. and †P. maya are considered to be incertae sedis members of the Acanthopterygii. Although no apomorphic character states for †C. alvaradoi were found, the unique combination of features supports the description of a new genus and species for the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico. The species herein described is the earliest diverging acanthopterygian lineage. The most outstanding character found is the absence of a true pelvic fin spine, which, together with its placement in the phylogenetic analysis, suggests the independent acquisition of the pelvic fin spine in both paracanthopterygians and acanthopterygians from a segmented first soft ray. This extinct taxon therefore plays an important part in our understanding of both fish diversity through time and the early steps in the diversification of acanthopterygians.
Factors influencing middle school students' interdisciplinary competence in science education
Authors: Song Ge , Wang Zuhao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScience educators are placing increasing emphasis on the development of students' interdisciplinary competence. This study examined the degree to which disciplinary, cognitive and affective factors could explain students' (N = 385) individual differences in interdisciplinary competence. Multiple linear regression indicated that students' disciplinary knowledge (DK), attitudes toward interdisciplinary approach and interdisciplinary learning opportunities were significant when added to the prediction model. Notably, the results of a semistructured interview and think‐aloud session suggested that students' engineering design knowledge was not robust in their responses. Students' feelings toward interdisciplinary learning affected how they mobilized DK to create comprehensive insight into all aspects relevant to the possible solution. Additionally, students' feelings about the interdisciplinary approach influenced their exposure to interdisciplinary issues outside school and engagement in interdisciplinary learning tasks at school, which affected their integration of scientific ideas across disciplines. The results of this study can inform both the movement toward incorporating an interdisciplinary approach into pedagogy and educators and instructors about the factors and possible mechanisms that may shape students' interdisciplinary competence.
Change in cervical length after arrested preterm labor and risk of preterm birth
Authors: Rennert K. N. , Breuking S. H. , Schuit E. , Bekker M. N. , Woiski M. , de Boer M. A. , Sueters M. , Scheepers H. C. J. , Franssen M. T. M. , Pajkrt E. , Mol B. W. J. , Kok M. , Hermans F. J. R. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the association between preterm birth and cervical length after arrested preterm labor in high‐risk pregnant women.MethodsIn this post‐hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial, transvaginal cervical length was measured in women whose contractions had ceased 48 h after admission for threatened preterm labor. At admission, women were defined as having a high risk of preterm birth based on a cervical length of < 15 mm or a cervical length of 15–30 mm with a positive fetal fibronectin test. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of cervical length measured at least 48 h after admission and of the change in cervical length between admission and at least 48 h later, with preterm birth before 34 weeks' gestation and delivery within 7 days after admission.ResultsA total of 164 women were included in the analysis. Women whose cervical length increased between admission for threatened preterm labor and 48 h later (32%; n = 53) were found to have a lower risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks compared with women whose cervical length did not change (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.24 (95% CI, 0.09–0.69)). The risk in women with a decrease in cervical length between the two timepoints was not different from that in women with no change in cervical length (aOR, 1.45 (95% CI, 0.62–3.41)). Moreover, greater absolute cervical length after 48 h was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks (aOR, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.96)) and delivery within 7 days after admission (aOR, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–1.02)). Sensitivity analysis in women randomized to receive no intervention showed comparable results.ConclusionOur study suggests that the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks is lower in women whose cervical length increases between admission for threatened preterm labor and at least 48 h later when contractions had ceased compared with women in whom cervical length does not change or decreases. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Temperature dependent crystal structure re‐determination and electronic properties of UI3
Authors: Sachs Malte , Deubner Lars , Möbs Martin , Hoelzel Markus , Conrad Matthias , Kraus Florian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have re‐investigated the structural and physical properties of UI3 by means of temperature dependent powder neutron diffraction, heat capacity and magnetic measurements. We confirm that UI3 crystallizes in the PuBr3 structure type, space group Cmcm. We did not observe any temperature dependent structural phase transition in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K. We further report the first quantum chemical calculations of UI3 by density functional theory (DFT). The calculated structural and electronic properties demonstrate the pronounced two‐dimensional anisotropic effects present in UI3 due to its layered structure.
General theory of large D membranes consistent with second law of thermodynamics
Authors: Saha Arunabha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We write down the most general membrane equations dual to black holes for a general class of gravity theories, up to sub-leading order in 1/D in large D limit. We derive a “minimal” entropy current which satisfies a local form of second law from these membrane equations. We find that consistency with second law requires the membrane equations to satisfy certain constraints. We find additional constraints on the membrane equations from the existence of membrane solutions dual to stationary black holes. Finally we observe a tension between second law and matching with Wald entropy for dual stationary black hole configurations, for the minimal entropy current. We propose a simple modification of the membrane entropy current so that it satisfies second law and also the stationary membrane entropy matches the Wald entropy.
Precision from the diphoton Zh channel at FCC-hh
Authors: Bishara Fady , De Curtis Stefania , Rose Luigi Delle , Englert Philipp , Grojean Christophe , Montull Marc , Panico Giuliano , Rossia Alejo N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The future 100 TeV FCC-hh hadron collider will give access to rare but clean final states which are out of reach of the HL-LHC. One such process is the Zh production channel in the $$ \left(v\overline{v}/{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-}\right)\gamma \gamma $$

v

v
¯

/

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

γγ
final states. We study the sensitivity of this channel to the $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(1)},\kern0.5em {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)},\kern0.5em {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi u} $$

O
φq

1

,

O
φq

3

,

O
φu

, and $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi d} $$

O
φd

SMEFT operators, which parametrize deviations of the W and Z couplings to quarks, or, equivalently, anomalous trilinear gauge couplings (aTGC). While our analysis shows that good sensitivity is only achievable for $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)} $$

O
φq

3

, we demonstrate that binning in the Zh rapidity has the potential to improve the reach on $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(1)} $$

O
φq

1

. Our estimated bounds are one order of magnitude better than projections at HL-LHC and is better than global fits at future lepton colliders. The sensitivity to $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)} $$

O
φq

3

is competitive with other channels that could probe the same operator at FCC-hh. Therefore, combining the different diboson channels sizeably improves the bound on $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)} $$

O
φq

3

, reaching a precision of |δg1z| ≲ × 10−4 on the deviations in the ZWW interactions.
Superconformal boundaries in 4 − ϵ dimensions
Authors: Gimenez-Grau Aleix , Liendo Pedro , van Vliet Philine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Boundaries in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal theories may preserve one half of the original bulk supersymmetry. There are two possibilities which are characterized by the chirality of the leftover supercharges. Depending on the choice, the remaining 2d boundary algebra exhibits $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) or $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1) supersymmetry. In this work we focus on correlation functions of chiral fields for both types of supersymmetric boundaries. We study a host of correlators using superspace techniques and calculate superconformal blocks for two- and three-point functions. For $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1) supersymmetry, some of our results can be analytically continued in the spacetime dimension while keeping the codimension fixed. This opens the door for a bootstrap analysis of the ϵ-expansion in supersymmetric BCFTs. Armed with our analytically-continued superblocks, we prove that in the free theory limit two-point functions of chiral (and antichiral) fields are unique. The first order correction, which already describes interactions, is universal up to two free parameters. As a check of our analysis, we study the Wess-Zumino model with a super-symmetric boundary using Feynman diagrams, and find perfect agreement between the perturbative and bootstrap results.