bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased Microstructural Integrity of the Central Somatosensory Tracts in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Fang Fang , Luo Qian , Ge Ren-Bin , Lai Meng-Yu , Gong Yu-Jia , Kang Mei , Ma Ming-Ming , Zhang Lei , Li Yao , Wang Yu-Fan , Peng Yong-De 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is predominantly considered a disorder of the peripheral nerves, some evidence for central nervous system involvement has recently emerged. However, whether or to what extent the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts may be injured remains unknown.

Objective
This work aimed to detect the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients and to correlate it with the severity of DPN.

Methods
A case-control study at a tertiary referral hospital took place with 57 individuals with type 2 diabetes (25 with DPN, 32 without DPN) and 33 nondiabetic controls. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of 2 major somatosensory tracts (the spinothalamic tract and its thalamocortical [spino-thalamo-cortical, STC] pathway, the medial lemniscus and its thalamocortical [medial lemnisco-thalamo-cortical, MLTC] pathway) were assessed based on diffusion tensor tractography. Regression models were further applied to detect the association of FA values with the severity of DPN in diabetic patients.

Results
The mean FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly lower in patients with DPN than those without DPN and controls. Moreover, FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly associated with the severity of DPN (expressed as Toronto Clinical Scoring System values) in patients after adjusting for multiple confounders.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated the axonal degeneration of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients with DPN. The parallel disease progression of the intracranial and extracranial somatosensory system merits further attention to the central nerves in diabetic patients with DPN.
Circulating Glycerolipids, Fatty Liver Index, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study Among Chinese
Authors: Niu Zhenhua , Wu Qingqing , Sun Liang , Qi Qibin , Zheng He , Li Huaixing , Zeng Rong , Lin Xu , Zong Geng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Few lipidomic studies have specifically investigated the association of circulating glycerolipids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, especially among Asian populations. It remains unknown whether or to what degree fatty liver could explain the associations between glycerolipids and T2D.

Objective
We aimed to assess associations between plasma glycerolipids and incident T2D and to explore a potential role of liver fat accumulation in the associations.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study with 6 years of follow-up. The study population included 1781 Chinese participants aged 50 to 70 years. The main outcome measure was incident T2D.

Results
At the 6-year resurvey, 463 participants had developed T2D. At the false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%, 43 of 104 glycerolipids were significantly associated with incident T2D risk after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. After further controlling for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 9 of the 43 glycerolipids remained significant, including 2 diacylglycerols (DAGs) (16:1/20:4, 18:2/20:5) and 7 triacylglycerols (TAGs) (46:1, 48:0, 48:1, 50:0, 50:1, 50:2, and 52:2), with relative risks (RRs) (95% CIs) ranging from 1.16 (1.05-1.27) to 1.23 (1.11-1.36) per SD increment of glycerolipids. However, additional adjustment for fatty liver index largely attenuated these findings (RR [95% CI] 0.88 [0.81 to 0.95] to 1.10 [1.01 to 1.21]). Mediation analyses suggested that the fatty liver index explained 12% to 28% of the glycerolipids-T2D associations (all P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Higher plasma levels of DAGs and TAGs were associated with increased incident T2D risk in this Chinese population, which might be partially explained by liver fat accumulation.
Colonial Relations in Miniature: Affective Networks, Race, and the Portrait in Victor Séjour’s “Le Mulâtre”
Authors: Zehnder Madeline 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay attends to the presence of a small portrait carried by an enslaved character, Georges, in Victor Séjour’s 1837 sketch “Le Mulâtre” (“The Mulatto”). While most eighteenth- and nineteenth-century fiction deploys miniature portraits to mediate social ties and signal emotional connection, in “Le Mulâtre” the carrying of a miniature departs from this trope, marking alienation, not affiliation. Reading Séjour’s text against popular depictions and material histories of ivory portrait miniatures, I demonstrate that these familiar objects of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century life function not merely as emblems of intimacy, as past scholars have argued, but rather as tools of what Elizabeth Maddock Dillon calls “intimate distance”—a social configuration that depends on asserting closeness with geographically distributed white populations while disavowing intimacy with physically present Black and Indigenous peoples. Although the portrait is said to depict Georges’s father, who readers know is also the man’s white enslaver, the object remains hidden from view in a bag until the final moments of the sketch, which concludes with the father’s beheading and the son’s suicide. I argue that by emplotting the miniature in a moment of bloodshed rather than of sentiment, Séjour registers the affective and material violence that undergirds white colonial definitions of the family, and invites broader critical comparison of the ways that both sentimental and colonial structures depend on racialized distributions of affections. In the concluding portion of this essay, I turn to the “little buckskin pouch” containing Alfred’s miniature and consider how its resemblance to Afro-Atlantic folk charms recasts the racialized binaries traditionally advanced by miniature portraits. Viewed as part of a charm, the portrait underscores that whiteness is a ritualized notion dependent on material signifiers.
“Multiplied without Number”: Lynching, Statistics, and Visualization in Ida B. Wells, Mark Twain, and W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Murphy Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantification has long played a vexed role in efforts to record and resist racial violence. Building from Ida B. Wells’s antilynching crusade, this essay examines the risks and power of calculating life and death at the close of the nineteenth century. For her part, Wells pushed mere counting past itself to a profound mode of ethical accounting. Two of her contemporaries, Mark Twain and W. E. B. Du Bois, sustained a similarly supraquantitative thrust; each attempted to harness the antilynching potential of numbers by enlisting data visualization. Twain falls short in a telling fashion, as his unpublished satire “The United States of Lyncherdom” (written in 1901) exacerbates the dehumanizing tendencies of quantification. Du Bois, however, pursues a more generative experiment, creating statistical graphics in 1900 that indict and outstrip the causal circuit that yoked scientific numbering to lynching and racial violence more broadly. This latter achievement resonates with scholarly efforts to access Black life from within a desolately tabulated archive of loss and erasure. Specifically, as triangulated with Wells and Twain, Du Bois’s graphics proffer a counterintuitive means to register life as a future-oriented, aggregate abstraction that is neither wholly conditioned by, nor separate from, a past whose violent legacies endure.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMIC STRIPS USE TOWARDS READING SKILL OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 9 YOGYAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Authors: Wulandari Arifiana Tri , Soviyah Soviyah 
Published: March 2021

Teaching method is one of the aspects that must be given attention in a teaching learning process. The use of media becomes important strategy to get success in teaching learning process especially in teaching reading. The use of comic strips in teaching reading is expected to increase the students’ achievement in reading. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of comic strips in reading skill for students at the seventh grade of SMP N 9 Yogyakarta.This research is an experimental research. This research was conducted in the SMP N 9 Yogyakarta on 5th May until 19th May, 2017. The population of this research was the seventh grade students, and the samples of this research were 7B as the control class and 7C as the experimental class. The analysis technique used was quantitative. The instrument used in this research was pretest and posttest. The researcher used SPSS to analyze and calculate the data and to test the hypothesis. The result of the calculation is to > ttable, it means that the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The mean of the pretest was 52.80, and the mean of the posttest was 75.45. Based on the result of this research, it showed that the use of comic strips in teaching reading was effective.
OPTIMIZING STUDENTS’ BLOG BASED ONLINE BUSINESS BY UTILIZING GOOGLE KEYWORD PLANNER AND GOOGLE TRENDS
Authors: Indriyani Ellisa 
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to describe the search engine optimization of students’ blog based business by utilizing Google Keyword Planner and Google Trends. Students’ blog based business is one of activities employing content writing in Business English Writing Class. It is a blog based project. As a matter of fact, most of the blog based project ended up underutilized. Producing content writing is not that simple, besides the writing quality, students have to make sure that the writing product can be searched online and indexed by Google. Thus, not only having an excellent writing skill and qualified products, students also have to learn how to optimize their content writing. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method in term of case study. Subjects are Business English Writing Class students in English Education Department of Sebelas Maret University. The findings reveal that: 1) the students’ content writing have good quality, good optimization and resulted in the real transactional activities; 2) the students acknowledge that they have to conduct a mini research to figure out what is the most appropriate keyword elaborated in their writing used in promoting their products; 3) the students learn that blog based writing is not only substituting from paper based writing into internet based writing.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USING DRAMA AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES TOWARD STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Faliyanti Eva , Firdaus Nanda Habib 
Published: March 2021

Speaking is one of the productive skills in English. It acts as an important skill which becomes a depiction of students' result in studying English. Oftentimes, English ability is measured by their speaking because it serves a tool of communication which represents the major interaction with other people. But in fact, the condition of a learning process in a sphere of speaking has not supported students to master speaking ability yet. The application of techniques and methods are actually not interesting enough to attract them. Students tend to be passive when they are in learning about material related to speaking.The objectives of this research are; to find out students' speaking score by applying drama technique; to find out students' score by using simulation technique; to find out whether the drama is better than simulation technique in increasing students' speaking ability. The population of this research is 37 students in the fourth semester of English Department at the Muhammadiyah University of Metro. The researcher conducts systematic random sampling design and pre-test and post-test control group design as a research instrument. The result of hypothesis test on test phases both provides the different result which uses 5% significant degree, where a count is higher than t -table on the analysis data of post-test with t-count =2,36 and t-table =2,12. It shows that the students who are taught by drama technique having a higher score. In conclusion that drama technique is more effective than simulation technique in term of students' speaking ability.
Developing English materials for English for tourism
Authors: Afriandi Muhamad Argi , Fatimah Nur 
Published: March 2021

The potential of tourism industry increases every year. The tourism sector is believed to be able to create centers of economic growth of the country. One of the institutions that play a role in tourism industry is English Education Department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. This department cooperates with several tourism partners to train the students about tourism. There are two subjects about tourism named English for Tourism and Practicum on Tourism. The problem emerged from the students and materials. The students of English for Tourism lack of vocabulary and speaking. They need specific materials (textbook) for learning English about tourism. The materials of English for Tourism should be developed. Therefore, the objectives of the study are (1) developing English materials for English for Tourism; (2) finding out the possible English developed materials for English for Tourism. This study is research and development. The steps are identifying potentials and problems, collecting the data, product design, product validation, product revision and product trial. The data were obtained from an instrument of which validation was from an expert of material, instrument expert. The validated instrument was used for subject trial assessment. The subject of this research was the students of English for Tourism. Simple random sampling was used in this study. In composing the materials, the needs from the previous research by Effendi and Khafidhoh (2018) were one to consider in addition to the existing syllabus of English for Tourism in English Education Department. The product of this research is English developed materials (textbook) for English for Tourism. The total score of expert material’s validation is 82%, it shows that the developed materials are excellent. The mean of subject trial assessment is 82.94%, it shows that the product is excellent. The mean of the score validation and subject trial assessment is 82.47%, it is an excellent product.
Review: Synthesis of Urea in Several Methods
Authors: Pradana Asep Rizki , Royani Asep , Zulfikri Kiki , Tuffahati Nabila , Azzahra Rahma Zulfa , Amini Tasya Qori , Dani Nandiyanto Asep Bayu 
Published: March 2021

<p>Urea (CO (NH)<sub>2</sub>) is one of the compositions in making fertilizer. Fertilizer is crucial, especially for plant growth (affecting plant fertility). If a plant had urea fertilizer on the soil, nitrogen in the fertilizer releases quickly, and it will cause environmental pollution. Therefore, many studies want to develop urea fertilizer to be more efficient to use. The purpose of this review is to find the most appropriate method for the efficient use of urea as seen from the material used, the technique used, and the results obtained. This review shows that the most appropriate method is the slow release method with NaOH and fly ash ingredients. Because this method can increase the effective utilization of urea, reduce environmental pollution, and be relatively more straightforward, the raw material is more affordable and spread widely in the market.</p><p> </p>
Design of a compact dual-channel panoramic annular lens with a large
aperture and high resolution
Authors: Gao Shaohua , Tsyganok Elena A. , Xu Xiping 
Published: March 2021

We propose a compact dual-channel panoramic annular lens (PAL) with a large aperture and high resolution to solve three major shortcomings of conventional PAL systems: resolution, imaging quality, and compactness. Using polarization technology, the system integrates two optical channels to eliminate the central blind area. Using our PAL aperture ray-tracing model, the large aperture PAL system with a low F-number of 2.5 and a diameter ratio of 1.5 is realized. The field of view (FoV) of the front channel is

360
∘

×
(

0
∘

−

45
∘

)

, and the FoV of the side channel is

360
∘

×
(

45
∘

−

100
∘

)

. Both channels apply Q-type aspheres. The Airy radii of the front channel and the side channel are 1.801 and 1.798 µm, respectively. It indicates that they match the 1.8 µm pixel sensor and can form a great image on the same sensor. The modulation transfer function at 157 lp/mm is greater than 0.4 over the entire FoV. The F-

θ

distortion is less than 5%, and the relative illuminance is higher than 0.78 in the two channels. The excellent imaging results prove the feasibility of our PAL design method and the advantages of the compact dual-channel PAL system for space-constrained scenes.
Wideband and high-resolution spectroscopy based on an ultra-fine electro-optic frequency comb with seed lightwave selection via injection locking
Authors: Xu Bingxin , Fan Xinyu , Wang Shuai , He Zuyuan 
Published: March 2021

The digital ultra-fine electro-optic frequency comb (UFEOFC) enables high-resolution spectroscopy in various applications with a limited bandwidth. In this Letter, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, UFEOFC-based dual-comb spectroscopy to realize megahertz resolution and broadened bandwidth. An UFEOFC with 1 MHz line-spacing and 18 GHz bandwidth is generated and resolved in a dual-comb interferometer working in quasi-integer-ratio mode. One line selected from a master EOFC with 18 GHz line-spacing via optical injection locking serves as the seed lightwave. Successive selection of 20 lines realizes wideband measurement covering 360 GHz, and a reflectance spectrum of a phase-shift fiber Bragg grating is obtained in the demonstration. A spectrum with 360,000 lines is demodulated in 26 ms due to the low injection lock dead time set to be

300

µ

s

between adjacent lines, by which the figure of merit reaches

3.39
×

10
7

. The system promotes more prospects in practical spectroscopic and sensing applications.
Poor adherence to TB diagnosis guidelines among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in central India: A missed window of opportunity?
Authors: Singh Akash Ranjan , Kumar Amber , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Dhingra Bhavna 
Published: March 2021

Background
In India, under-five children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) are referred to Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers (NRCs). NRCs screen the causes of SAM including tuberculosis (TB). The national TB programme recommends upfront testing with a rapid molecular test if TB is suspected in children.

Objective
We estimated the yield of and adherence to the TB diagnostic guidelines (clinical assessment and assessment for microbiological confirmation) among under-five children with SAM admitted at NRCs (six in district Sagar and four in district Sheopur) of Madhya Pradesh, India in 2017. We also explored the challenges in screening from the health care providers’ perspective.

Methods
It was an explanatory mixed method study. The NRC records were reviewed This was followed by three key informant interviews and three focus group discussions among staff of NRC and TB programme. Manual descriptive thematic analysis was performed.

Results
Of 3230, a total of 2665(83%) children underwent Mantoux test, 2438(75%) underwent physical examination, 2277(70%) were asked about the symptoms suggestive of TB, 1220(38%) underwent chest radiograph and 485(15%) were asked for recent contact with TB. A total of 547(17%) underwent assessment for microbiological confirmation. Of 547, a total of 229 gastric aspirate specimens underwent rapid molecular test (24% positive) and 318 underwent sputum microscopy (44% positive). A total of 223 were diagnosed as TB (195 microbiologically and 28 clinically confirmed) and 209 were initiated on anti-TB treatment. The treatment outcome was favourable (cure or treatment completed) for 70(31%) and not recorded for 121(54%). The main perceived challenges in screening for TB were poor team skills, lack of diagnostic facilities and poor understanding of the guidelines due to inadequate training.

Conclusion
Though NRCs provided a unique window of opportunity for the screening and management of TB among under-five children with SAM, the utilization of this opportunity remained suboptimal.
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in inflammatory bowel disease in China: A case-control study
Authors: Ding Zhao-Hui , Xu Xiao-Ping , Wang Tian-Rong , Liang Xiao , Ran Zhi-Hua , Lu Hong 
Published: March 2021

Background & aimsHelicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection remains high in China though the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the prevalence ofH.pyloriand inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsHospitalized IBD patients including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who had testedH.pyloriantibody were enrolled. Controls were chose from age- and sex- matched healthy physical examination people who hadH.pyloriantibody test in a 1:2 fashion (IBD patients:controls). IBD medical history was recorded. All patients were typed by the Montreal classification. Mayo Clinic score and the Harvey-Bradshaw Severity Index were used to evaluate their disease activity. Patients and controls that hadH.pylorieradication therapy before were excluded.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty IBD patients including 213 CD patients and 47 UC patients, and 520 controls were involved in this study. The prevalence ofH.pyloriinfection in IBD patients (9.6%, 25/260) and IBD newly diagnosed patients (12.1%, 8/66), as well as CD patients (8.9%, 19/213) including CD newly diagnosed patients (10.6%, 5/47) and UC patients (12.8%, 6/47) was significantly lower than controls (29.8%, 155/520) (p= 2.796*10−10, 0.007, 5.723*10−9, 0.016, 0.014), while there was no statistically difference between UC newly diagnosed patients and the controls, and IBD patients with different disease type, disease activity and treatment history.ConclusionsH.pyloriinfection had a negative association with IBD, especially CD.
Favorable prognosis of patients who received adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radiotherapy achieving undetectable levels of prostate-specific antigen in high- or very high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Jeong Jae-Uk , Nam Taek-Keun , Song Ju-Young , Yoon Mee Sun , Ahn Sung-Ja , Chung Woong-Ki , Cho Ick Joon , Kim Yong-Hyub , Cho Shin Haeng , Jung Seung Il , Kang Taek Won , Kwon Dong Deuk 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
To determine the prognostic significance of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (A-ADT) over 1 year in achieving undetectable levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) less than 0.001 ng/mL in prostate cancer patients with high- or very high-risk prostate cancer who underwent radiotherapy (RT).

Materials and methods
A total of 197 patients with prostate cancer received RT, with a follow-up of ≥12 months. Biochemical failure was defined as PSA ≥nadir + 2 ng/mL after RT. We analyzed clinical outcomes, including survival, failure patterns, and prognostic factors affecting outcomes.

Results
Biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS), clinical failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years were 91.1%, 95.4%, 96.9%, 99.5%, and 89.1%, respectively. Administration of long-term A-ADT significantly predicted favorable BCFFS (p = 0.027) and OS (p < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. Nadir PSA ≤0.001 ng/mL was an independent prognostic factor for BCFFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.021). The use of long-term A-ADT significantly affected nadir PSA ≤0.001 ng/mL (p < 0.001). The patients with A-ADT for 1 year or longer had better BCFFS or OS than those for less than 1 year or those without A-ADT (p < 0.001). The best prognosis was demonstrated in patients treated with long-term A-ADT and nadir PSA ≤0.001 ng/mL in BCFFS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The addition of long-term A-ADT over 1 year to RT demonstrated good treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Achieving a nadir PSA value ≤0.001 ng/mL using combination therapy with RT and A-ADT is a powerful clinical predictor of treatment outcomes.