bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What parliamentarians think about Australia's post‐COVID‐19 aid program: The emerging ‘cautious consensus’ in Australian aid
Authors: Day Benjamin , Wells Tamas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Australian Government has been ambiguous in the way it has communicated the aid budget. On some occasions, it has sought to downplay increases in aid spending, while at other times it has sought to downplay cuts to aid spending. We draw on interviews with federal parliamentarians and key informants to understand these dynamics, in the context of obtaining their views on changes to Australia's post‐COVID‐19 aid policy. We find evidence that a new political consensus is forming around Australian aid. While this ‘cautious consensus’ countenances aid spending increases, motivated in part by humanitarian concerns but especially by anxiety about increasing Chinese influence in the region, these priorities are tempered by considerable concern about public backlash at a time of significant economic challenges for Australian citizens. Based on this evidence, we define the contours of an emerging ‘cautious consensus’ by showing how it will differ from the earlier ‘golden consensus’ era of Australian aid.
A clinically applicable strategy to estimate the in vivo distribution of mechanical material properties of the right ventricular wall
Authors: Xu Jing , Wong Timothy C. , Simon Marc A. , Brigham John C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA clinically applicable approach to estimate the in vivo mechanical material properties of the heart wall is presented. This optimization‐based inverse estimation approach applies a shape‐based objective functional combined with rigid body registration and incremental parameterization of heterogeneity to use standard clinical imaging data along with simplified representations of cardiac function to provide consistent and physically meaningful solution estimates. The capability of the inverse estimation algorithm is evaluated through application to two clinically obtained human datasets to estimate the passive elastic mechanical properties of the heart wall, with an emphasis on the right ventricle. One dataset corresponded to a subject with normal heart function, while the other corresponded to a subject with severe pulmonary hypertension, and therefore expected to have a substantially stiffer right ventricle. Patient‐specific pressure‐driven bi‐ventricle finite element analysis was used as the forward model and the endocardial surface of the right ventricle was used as the target data for the inverse problem. By using the right ventricle alone as the target of the inverse problem the relative sensitivity of the objective function to the right ventricle properties is increased. The method was able to identify material properties to accurately match the corresponding shape of the simplified forward model to the clinically obtained target data, and the properties obtained for the example cases are consistent with the clinical expectation for the right ventricle. Additionally, the material property estimates indicate significant heterogeneity in the heart wall for both subjects, and more so for the subject with pulmonary hypertension.
OMIP ‐ 081: A new 21‐monoclonal antibody 10‐color panel for diagnostic polychromatic immunophenotyping
Authors: Huys Erik H. L. P. G. , Hobo Willemijn , Preijers Frank W. M. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 10‐color panel consisting of 21 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is developed as a one‐tube panel to detect leukemia and lymphoma cells in all hematopoietic cell lineages. In particular, this tube is mentioned for a fast screening to identify aberrant cells in samples suspected for malignant cell localization and to enable comprehensive immunophenotyping of samples with low cell counts. The panel contains mAbs for selection of the populations and mAbs against target antigens on the various hematopoietic maturation stages. Due to the limited number of PMTs in most used flow cytometers for clinical purposes, stacking of conjugates in one color is needed to include all relevant markers for simultaneous analysis of the aberrant cells. The 21‐mAb panel is tested on peripheral blood (PB), and bone marrow (BM) samples and enables an efficient and correct identification of hematological malignancies. This panel improves the diagnostic potential.
Clinical commentary: Atypia in lung and mediastinal lymph node fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Voong Khinh Ranh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn patients with known or suspected lung cancer, pathologic reports of cytologic “atypia” in the mediastinal nodal fine‐needle aspirate samples pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. For the patents with non‐operable disease, should the radiation oncologist empirically include lymph nodes with atypical findings in the radiation field, or should they exclude these mediastinal lymph nodes from the treatment field? Inclusion of an atypical finding in the management decision or radiation target would mean that the treating physicians are interpreting a pathologic report of “atypia” as probably “positive” rather than probably “negative” disease. Empirically treating lymph nodes without cancer involvement in thoracic radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer, also known as elective nodal irradiation, is generally avoided given increased treatment‐related toxicities including esophagitis, pneumonitis, and cardiotoxicity without a demonstrated survival benefit. However, in the case of potentially curative chemoradiation, the discretion is left to the treating radiation oncologist to estimate the likelihood of oncologic involvement based on available and often clinically indeterminate radiologic findings and known routes of cancer spread. Alternatively, physicians may consider repeat or invasive diagnostic measures. The risks and benefits of additional procedures must be taken into careful consideration in our older patient population who present with co‐morbid cardiopulmonary disease and pulmonary symptoms from their cancer. If atypia is reported, written and verbal communication to relay pathologist's concern for oncologic involvement is critical as it may affect oncologic treatment recommendations and cancer outcomes.
Nutritional, phytochemical, and antimicrobial attributes of seeds and kernels of different pumpkin cultivars
Authors: Singh Arunima , Kumar Vivek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe nutritional, phytochemical, and antimicrobial attributes were determined for kernels (shelled) and seeds of five different cultivars of pumpkin, namely Kashi Harit (KH), Narendra Upkar (NU), Pusa Vishwas (PV), Narendra Agrim (NA), and Azad Pumpkin 1 (AP1), that are grown in subtropical regions of India. Seeds and kernels of the KH cultivar showed the highest values for fat, ash, protein, and minerals such as P, Mg, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se. Among the cultivars, the KH cultivar also showed good antioxidant properties for both seeds and kernels. The tocopherols (α, β+γ) and phytosterols (β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol) content were abundantly found in the seeds and kernels of KH and AP1 cultivars. Seeds of all the cultivars scored higher values for antinutritional compounds such as oxalate, cyanide, tannin, and phytate than their kernels. The squalene content ranged from 82.19 to 86.91 mg/100 g in seeds and 69.94–77.42 mg/100 g in kernels of different cultivars. β‐carotene was found predominantly in seeds of the AP1 cultivar (7.33 μg/g) and kernels of the KH cultivar (5.58 μg/g). LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of seed extract revealed that protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and luteolin were the major phenolic compounds present in the pumpkin seed extract. The disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial screening of seeds and kernels of the KH cultivar. A clear zone of inhibition was found with all selected bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and fungal strains Candida albican and Aspergillus niger.
Simply red? A systematic colour‐based method for identifying archaeological fires
Authors: Ferro‐Vázquez Cruz , Mallol Carolina , Aldeias Vera 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe identification and characterization of hearths is crucial for reconstructing the history of fire use and pyrotechnology. In addition to ashes and charcoals, an active fire will also produce alterations of the underlying substrate to varying degrees. To date, however, few studies have addressed how the characteristics of burned substrates relate to pyrotechnology. Here, we systematize the use of colour to identify burnt sediments by performing quantitative colour measurements in the CIELab system of experimentally heated soils and sediments. The experimental design included different temperatures, different heating durations and substrates with varied chemical and mineralogical compositions, including naturally red soils and sediments with different degrees of pedogenesis. The measured colours were analysed by multivariate statistics for diagnosing whether sediments have been heated or not, and to which temperature. We achieved an accurate identification of heated versus unheated samples independently of their composition. The determination of the temperature of heating required prior knowledge of basic mineralogy and chemical properties in the targeted sediments (silicate or carbonate material, total and secondary Fe, Ca contents and the amount and kind of organic matter). The algorithm developed can be applied to recognize burned layers and estimate burning temperatures in archaeological contexts.
Combining a new baseboard radiator with a fan coil system for improving heating performance and reduce energy consumption
Authors: Rahmati Ahmad Reza , Gheibi Ali , Karimpour Rostam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the heating performance of a new system combined with a new modified baseboard radiator and fan coil is investigated. Using longitudinal fins with special geometry and also forced airflow at the end of the system causes that at the lower inlet water temperature compared with the conventional models, higher heat output rate be obtained. The heat output rate of the new modified system is obtained by experimental metrology based on the European Standard No. EN‐442. Temperature and velocity distribution in the room space is done by simulation of the modified system in the Flovent software. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are validated against experimental results and there is a good agreement between them. Also, the energy consumption of the system during the winter season is calculated in TRANSYS software. Experimental results show that the heat output rate of a new modified heating system with inlet water temperature in the range of 45–55°C is on average 4.17 times higher compared with the conventional model. CFD simulation also showed that the combined system provides good thermal comfort conditions. Energy consumption of the new system reduced about 13% compared with conventional models.
Citrus‐Gene interaction and melanoma risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Marley Andrew R. , Li Ming , Champion Victoria L. , Song Yiqing , Han Jiali , Li Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh citrus consumption may increase melanoma risk; however, little is known about the biological mechanisms of this association, or whether it is modified by genetic variants. We conducted a genome‐wide analysis of gene‐citrus consumption interactions on melanoma risk among 1563 melanoma cases and 193 296 controls from the UK Biobank. Both the 2‐degrees‐of‐freedom (df) joint test of genetic main effect and gene‐environment (G‐E) interaction and the standard 1‐df G‐E interaction test were performed. Three index SNPs (lowest P‐value SNP among highly correlated variants [r2 > .6]) were identified from among the 365 genome‐wide significant 2‐df test results (rs183783391 on chromosome 3 [MITF], rs869329 on chromosome 9 [MTAP] and rs11446223 on chromosome 16 [DEF8]). Although all three were statistically significant for the 2‐df test (4.25e−08, 1.98e−10 and 4.93e−13, respectively), none showed evidence of interaction according to the 1‐df test (P = .73, .24 and .12, respectively). Eight nonindex, 2‐df test significant SNPs on chromosome 16 were significant (P < .05) according to the 1‐df test, providing evidence of citrus‐gene interaction. Seven of these SNPs were mapped to AFG3L1P (rs199600347, rs111822773, rs113178244, rs3803683, rs73283867, rs78800020, rs73283871), and one SNP was mapped to GAS8 (rs74583214). We identified several genetic loci that may elucidate the association between citrus consumption and melanoma risk. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Building an agile data analytics environment to support university decision‐making: A case study of Ohio State University's rapid development of a COVID‐19 dashboard system
Authors: Zheng Henry Y. , Mayberry Eric , Stanley Leanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData analytics is increasingly important to the operations and strategic growth of higher education institutions. In September 2019, three higher education professional associations issued a rare joint statement calling for the accelerated investment and intensified efforts to develop and deploy data analytics in support of campus decision making. COVID‐19 disrupted the momentum generated by the joint statement. However, during the pandemic, many universities recognized data analytics as a critical asset to their response to the crisis. In this case study of Ohio State University's COVID‐19 dashboard development process, the authors demonstrate that the principles advocated by the joint statement are exactly the reasons that a successful and nationally recognized dashboard effort was possible. The case study shows that senior leadership support, strategic investment in the right technologies, and close collaboration among campus data analytics professionals are among the key factors of success.
Protective effects of agrimonolide on hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cell injury by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Wang Cheng , Qi Changxi , Liu Mingchao , Wang Lumei , Cheng Guodong , Li Liping , Xing Yuxiao , Zhao Xiaona , Liu Jianzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiomyocyte death caused by hypoxia is one of the main causes of myocardial infarction or heart failure, and mitochondria play an important role in this process. Agrimonolide (AM) is a monomeric component extracted from Agrimonia pilosa L. and has antioxidant, antitumor, and anti‐inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of AM in improving hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cell damage. The results showed that low AM concentrations promote H9c2 cell proliferation and increase cellular ATP content. Transcriptome sequencing showed that AM induces differential expression of genes in H9c2 cells. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were concentrated in mitochondrial function. Subsequent experiments confirmed that AM regulates hypoxia‐induced cell cycle arrest. AM inhibited the rate of apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, reducing the level of cleaved Caspase 3 and Bax, and increasing the level of Bcl2, thereby protecting H9c2 cells from hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. AM restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the generation of ROS, maintained the normal shape of the mitochondria, improved the level of the mitochondrial functional proteins OPA1, MFN1, MFN2, Tom20, and increased the level of ATP. In conclusion, AM protects H9c2 cells from hypoxia‐induced cell damage.
Generalized pentagonal geometries
Authors: Forbes A. D. , Rutherford C. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA pentagonal geometry PENT() is a partial linear space, where every line is incident with points, every point is incident with lines, and for each point , there is a line incident with precisely those points that are not collinear with . Here we generalize the concept by allowing the points not collinear with to form the point set of a Steiner system whose blocks are lines of the geometry.
The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in neuroinflammation: Implications in pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Ebrahimi Reyhane , Golestani Abolfazl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in different cell processes. Due to their ability in monitoring neural development genes, these transcripts confer neurons with the potential to exert broad control over the expression of genes for performing neurobiological functions. Although the change of ncRNA expression in different neurodegenerative diseases has been reviewed elsewhere, only recent evidence drove our attention to unravel the involvement of these molecules in neuroinflammation within these devastating disorders. Remarkably, the interactions between ncRNAs and inflammatory pathways are not fully recognized. Therefore, this review has focused on the interplay between diverse inflammatory pathways and the related ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and competing endogenous RNAs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases. Providing novel insights in the field of combining biomarkers is a critical step for using them as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in clinical settings.
Investigation of the morphological and fractal behavior at nanoscale of patterning lines by scratching in an atomic force microscope
Authors: da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte , Pires Mauricio Pamplona , de Souza Patrícia Lustoza , Matos Robert Saraiva , Prioli Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, the topographical effect of the scratching trajectory and the feed direction on the formation of lithographed lines on the (001) InP surface was investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip‐based nanomachining approach. Nanoscratching tests were carried out using the sharp face of a diamond AFM tip in contact mode. From the topographic maps obtained by AFM, several morphological and fractal parameters were obtained and analyzed. Surface morphology presented a surface smoothing for surfaces with scratches produced in [011] and [001] directions. The height parameters confirmed this behavior because scratches in [001] direction exhibited lower roughness. Moreover, this scratch direction promoted the height distribution most symmetrical and platykurtic. The other morphological parameters revealed that this direction provided a more irregular surface (smaller Smc and Sxp), peak distribution, denser and pointed, smaller portion of material in the core, less deep furrows, higher spatial frequency components, and high isotropy. Fractal parameters revealed that FRE90 has the highest spatial complexity, it is dominated by higher spatial frequencies, and has the lowest surface percolation. Furthermore, all samples exhibited high topographic uniformity.
Risk and protective factors of acute kidney injury in decompensated cirrhotic patients with ascites on tolvaptan
Authors: Kogiso Tomomi , Ogasawara Yuri , Sagawa Takaomi , Taniai Makiko , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a life‐threatening complication of liver cirrhosis. Here, we evaluated the risk factors and characteristics of AKI in cirrhosis.Patients/MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. A total of 199 Japanese patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (104 men, median age 61 years) were enrolled and received tolvaptan orally. Survival rates and new onset of AKI were monitored, and risk factors were evaluated.ResultsForty‐six patients (23.1%) suffered an AKI complication and exhibited significantly poorer survival (P < 0.01). The rates of hepatic encephalopathy (P < 0.01) and chronic kidney disease (CKD; P = 0.02) were significantly increased in patients with AKI. The rate of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)/H2 blocker treatment (P = 0.04) was significantly lower, whereas that of ascites drainage was significantly higher in the AKI cases (P < 0.01). The AKI risk was significantly increased in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HR 4.18, 95% CI 1.618–10.771). In contrast, the incidence of AKI was significantly lower in patients with a higher serum albumin level (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.142–0.914, P = 0.03). Treatment with PPI/H2 blockers (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.126–0.711, P < 0.01) or kanamycin/rifaximin (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.075–0.929, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AKI development.ConclusionsAKI incidence was increased in patients with decreased liver function and was associated with poor survival. PPI/H2 blocker or kanamycin/rifaximin treatment may reduce the risk of AKI.
Periodontitis prevalence and severity in an African population: A cross‐sectional study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Hewlett Sandra Ama , Anto Francis , Blankson Paa Kwesi , Tormeti Daniel , Ayettey‐Adamafio Mary , Bayitse Phillip , Danso‐Appiah Tony , Amoah Albert G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a major public health problem affecting many adults, with considerable variation in its prevalence and severity worldwide. There is little data on its prevalence or associated risk factors in Ghana making development of evidence based preventive programs challenging. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, extent, and associated risk factors of periodontitis in an adult Ghanaian population.MethodsA population based cross‐sectional study involving adults aged ≥25 years in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. A random stratified two‐stage sampling method was used to select participants from rural and urban communities. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire. A full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed to diagnose and describe the severity of periodontitis following the CDC‐AAP case definition.ResultsA total of 729 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 43.9 ± 14.6 years and 61% being female. Majority (84.8%) presented with gingivitis, 46.7% had periodontitis with 41.8% having both, and 13.9% had severe periodontitis. The mean clinical attachment loss (AL) was 1.36 ± 0.67 mm and 1.41 ± 0.57 mm for probing depth (PD). Factors associated with periodontitis included, increasing age, smoking, and alcohol use; being Muslim provided lower odds of disease. Older people, former smoking, being underweight and not having health insurance were associated with severe periodontitis.ConclusionsThis study shows a high burden of periodontitis with comparatively more severe disease. Existing sociodemographic disparities in disease burden highlights the need of developing targeted population based preventive programs.