bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation for airway management in Australia and New Zealand ICUs during the COVID -19 pandemic
Authors: Brewster David J. , Nickson Christopher P. , McGloughlin Steve , Pilcher David , Sarode Vineet V. , Gatward Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis paper aimed to describe the airway practices of intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand specific to patients presenting with COVID-19 and to inform whether consistent clinical practice was achieved. Specific clinical airway guidelines were endorsed in March 2020 by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) and College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM).Methods and findingsProspective, structured questionnaire for all ICU directors in Australia and New Zealand was completed by 69 ICU directors after email invitation from ANZICS. The online questionnaire was accessible for three weeks during September 2020 and analysed by cloud-based software. Basic ICU demographics (private or public, metropolitan or rural) and location, purchasing, airway management practices, guideline uptake, checklist and cognitive aid use and staff training relevant to airway management during the COVID-19 pandemic were the main outcome measures. The 69 ICU directors reported significant simulation-based inter-professional airway training of staff (97%), and use of video laryngoscopy (94%), intubation checklists (94%), cognitive aids (83%) and PPE “spotters” (89%) during the airway management of patients with COVID-19. Tracheal intubation was almost always performed by a Specialist (97% of ICUs), who was more likely to be an intensivist than an anaesthetist (61% vs 36%). There was a more frequent adoption of specific airway guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients in public ICUs (94% vs 71%) and reliance on specialist intensivists to perform intubations in private ICUs (92% vs 53%).ConclusionThere was a high uptake of a standardised approach to airway management in COVID-19 patients in ICUs in Australia and New Zealand, likely due to endorsement of national guidelines.
RATZEL E A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA GEOGRAFIA MODERNA
Authors: Martins de Souza Rita de Cássia 
Published: May 2021

Esse trabalho é resutlado da palestra apresentada em 29/05/2019 em evento comemorativo do Dia do Geógrafo organizada pelo PET Geografia-UFU. Este trabalho faz parte do desenvolvimento da pesquisa financiada pela FAPEMIG sob o título: “A geografia produzida em Minas Gerais: os cursos de Geografia na UFMG, UFJF, UNIMONTES, UNIFAL e UFU e seu papel na estruturação do território mineiro”. Processo: APQ-01851-15. Entre os propositores da disciplina Geografia, Ratzel tem lugar reservado entre os pioneiros geógrafos. Suas contribuições são de ordem temática e teórico-metodológica, numa proposta multidisciplinar trazendo luz à fusão e ao deslocamento dos homens na superfície do planeta, aproximando distintas disciplinas em formação no século XIX como a etnologia, a ecologia, a história, sociologia e a própria geografia. Ao lado de sua decisiva participação quanto à sistematização da Geografia, Ratzel desempenhou importante papel na sua institucionalização. Foi professor na Politécnica de Munique e na Universidade de Leipzig onde introduziu a sua Antropogeografia. O autor foi responsável também por propor a divisão da disciplina em 3 subcampos: Biogeografia; Antropogeografia; Geografia Física que ainda hoje marcam o currículo dos cursos de Geografia no mundo todo.
animateurs et animatrices de jeux et de variétés télévisés. Un double confinement de genres
Authors: Laurence Leveneur 
Published: May 2021

Les émissions de divertissement ont souvent été considérées comme plus propices que les programmes d’information à l’insertion professionnelle des femmes, en particulier dans les fonctions d’animation ou de production. Mais la catégorie « divertissement » recouvre des programmes divers : jeux, émissions de variétés, émissions pour la jeunesse, télé-réalité, etc. Afin de prendre la mesure de ce cantonnement des femmes à certains genres télévisuels, nous avons choisi d’étudier la place de celles qui ont occupé des fonctions d’animation, parfois doublées d’un rôle de productrices, dans deux genres historiquement corrélés : les jeux et les variétés télévisées. Partant d’extractions issues des bases archives et dépôt légal de l’Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, complétées par la lecture de documents écrits et le visionnage de plusieurs programmes, nous proposons ici de revenir sur ce qui semble être une ségrégation à plusieurs facettes, un confinement à certains rôles et à certains types de programmes. Nous montrerons alors que la place accordée aux femmes animatrices et productrices dans ces deux genres télévisuels reste somme toute très inégale comparée à leurs homologues masculins.
Ambiwalentny obraz faweli Santa Marta na tle przemian pacyfikacyjnych
Authors: Lipiński Kamil 
Published: May 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rzucenie wyzwania opisu przemian faweli Santa Marta w Rio de Janeiro, ambiwalentnego obrazu tej przestrzeni zrodzonego po jej pacyfikacji i widzianego przez pryzmat postindustrialnej analizy Edwarda Soji. W tym celu autor omawia potencjalne zagrożenia związane z separacją jej od innych części miasta, gatekeepingiem i inkryminacją. Ostatnie uwagi dotyczą zaś tego, jak restrukturyzacja faweli Santa Marta, pomimo swojej kryminalnej historii, artykułuje nowe rozwiązania poprzez wzbudzenie zainteresowania zwiedzających wraz z wielobarwnym kolorowaniem fasad domów mieszkalnych u stóp wzgórza w ramach projektu Oh Morro Jeroena Koolhaasa i Dre Urhahna.
Afrika megismerésének útján
Authors: Biernaczky Szilárd 
Published: May 2021

Biernaczky Szilárd a következő művet mutatta be:
(1) Tarrósy István: Afro-ázsiai dinamikák. Tanulmányok ázsiai államok afrikai szerepvállalásáról, 2016, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 239 old.(2) Tarrósy István – Szabó Loránd – Goran Hyden ed.: The African Stat e in a Changing Global Context, 2011, Berlin, LIT Verlag, 216 old.(3) Biedermann Zsuzsánna: Genocídium és desta bilizáció az afrikai nagy ta vak régióban. A konfliktusok gazdasági vetülete, 2015, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 249 old.(4) Besenyő János: A nyugat -szaharai válság – Egy magyar békefennta rtó szemével, 2012, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 353 old.(5) Besenyő János: Dárfúr. A lángoló ta rtomány, 2016, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 249 old.(6) Marsai Viktor – Hett yey András: Szomália. Állami összeomlás és konszolidációs kísérletek Afrika szarván, 2013, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 249 old.(7) Tarrósy István – Glied Viktor – Keserű Dávid szerk.: Új népvándorlás. Migráció a 21. században Afrika és Európa között , 2012, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 294 old.(8) Tarrósy, István – Glied, Viktor – Vörös, Zoltán szerk.: Migrációs tendenciák napjainkban, 2014, Pécs, Publikon Kiadó, 376 old.(9) Pusztai Gabriella: Senki sem élhet nemesebben. Magyar orvosok Fekete-Afrikában, 2016, Kunszentmárton, Helytörténeti Múzeum, 255 old.(10) Biedermann Zsuzsánna – Kiss Judit szerk.: A szubszaharai Afrika gazdasága a XXI . században, 2017, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 396 old.(11) Ágh Attila – Varga Gyula: Marokkó, az iszlám csodaországa, 2013, Budapest, Kossuth Könyvkiadó, 192 old.(12) Besenyő János – Prantner Zoltán – Speidl Bianka – Vogel Dávid: Az Iszlám Állam. Terrorizmus 2.0. Történet, ideológi a, propaganda, 2016, Budapest, Honvéd Vezérkar Tudományos Kutatóhely – Kossuth Könyvkiadó, 251 old.(13) Simon Róbert: Az iszlám fundamenta lizmus. Gyökerek és elágazások Mohamedtől az al-Qá’idáig, 2014, Budapest, Corvina Kiadó, 486 old.(14) Simon Róbert: Politika az iszlámban. A muszlim társadalom anatómiája, 2016, Budapest, Corvina Kiadó, 584 old.(15) Kecskési Mária: The Matengo in Southwestern Tanzania. History, Tradition, Development (A matengók Dél-Nyugat Tanzániában), 2018, Munich, Museum Fünf Kontinente, 255 old. – Rövidített angol nyelvű kiadása a „Die Matengo in Südwest-Tansania” című tanulmány-kötetnek, München, 2007, Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde, 397 old.
Investigations on Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Crystalline Effect of Neem/Banyan Fiber–Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Anand Palanivel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Natural fiber is often considered to be deficient for high-performance reinforcement of polymer matrix composites. However, the environmental aspects of natural fiber are attractive to many researchers in the area of natural composites because of the specific strength and eco-friendly properties of natural fibers. In this research, alkali-treated natural fibers are chopped neem fibers, and bidirectional woven mat was used as reinforcement and blended with epoxy matrix. Also, sawdust cellulose was used as a filler material to fabricate composite laminates by the conservative hand layup method. The composite laminates are varied by different weight fractions of reinforcement (25 %), epoxy matrix (70 %), and filler (5 %). Then, to quantify the effect of storage modulus, loss modulus and the damping factor of the hybrid composites are taken by conducting dynamic mechanical analysis. Maximum storage modulus is 1,343 MPa. The results show that increasing the bidirectional woven fiber loading will give 61 % more stiffness in the elastomeric region when compared to chopped neem fiber loading in the hybrid composites, and analyses of the crystallinity effects by x-ray diffraction also identify the adhesion quality between the fibers, fillers, and matrix by using the surface morphology test scanning electron microscopy of the hybrid composites.
Synergistic Effects of Acoustics-based Therapy and Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bao Yuheng , Chen Jifan , Huang Pintong , Tong Weijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer is an intractable disease and has ability to escape immunological recognition. Cancer immunotherapy to enhance the autogenous immune response to cancer tissue is reported to be the most promising method for cancer treatment. After the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, dendritic cells come mature and then recruit activated T cells to induce immune response. To trigger the release of cancer associated antigens, cancer acoustics-based therapy has various prominent advantages and has been reported in various research. In this review, we classified the acoustics-based therapy into sonopyrolysis-, sonoporation-, and sonoluminescence-based therapy. Then, detailed mechanisms of these therapies are discussed to show the status of cancer immunotherapy induced by acoustics-based therapy in quo. Finally, we express some future prospects in this research field and make some predictions of its development direction.
The Role of the Lateral Habenula in Inhibitory Learning from Reward Omission
Authors: Sosa Rodrigo , Mata-Luévanos Jesús , Buenrostro-Jáuregui Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb) is a phylogenetically primitive brain structure that plays a key role in learning to inhibit distinct responses to specific stimuli. This structure is activated by primary aversive stimuli, cues predicting an imminent aversive event, unexpected reward omissions, and cues associated with the omission of an expected reward. The most widely described physiological effect of LHb activation is acutely suppressing midbrain dopaminergic signaling. However, recent studies have identified multiple means by which the LHb promotes this effect as well as other mechanisms of action. These findings reveal the complex nature of LHb circuitry. The present paper reviews the role of this structure in learning from reward omission. We approach this topic from the perspective of computational models of behavioral change that account for inhibitory learning to frame key findings. Such findings are drawn from recent behavioral neuroscience studies that use novel brain imaging, stimulation, ablation, and reversible inactivation techniques. Further research and conceptual work are needed to clarify the nature of the mechanisms related to updating motivated behavior in which the LHb is involved. As yet, there is little understanding of whether such mechanisms are parallel or complementary to the well-known modulatory function of the more recently evolved prefrontal cortex.
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs Degludec and DEVOTE
Authors: Fisher Miles 
Published: May 2021

DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec versus Insulin Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardio-vascular Events) was an FDA-mandated cardiovascular outcome trial and was the first – and at present the only – completed trial comparing two insulins. DEVOTE compared insulin degludec and insulin glargine (U100) in 7,637 people with type 2 diabetes with established cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or both, and older diabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk. DEVOTE demonstrated non-inferiority for major cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke, with a pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 1.3. At 24 months the mean HbA1c was similar in the two groups. Mean fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in the degludec group than in the glargine group, and pre-specified severe hypoglycaemia was also significantly lower in the degludec group. DEVOTE satisfied the FDA cardiovascular safety requirements for new antidiabetic therapies.
Nuclear Power Plants event classification based on International Reporting System (IRS)
Authors: Vital Richard Brandão Nogueira , Araujo Jefferson Borges , Vital Tatiane Melo 
Published: May 2021

The exchange of information between several business activities can lead to an increase in productivity and quality. In nuclear area, besides economic benefits, the operating experience exchanged can increase of the safety level of nuclear installations. Thus, it´s necessary to evaluate frequently operational occurrences from different countries and companies to learn with their lessons learned to prevent a recurrent events or unexpected consequences. Because this, several methodologies are recommended to investigate events in an adequate level of depth and perform reports based on local requirements. Generally, these reports contain plant conditions before and after an event occurs (operation mode, operation limits and condition, date and time, nuclear and electrical power) and their information (failure discovery methods, impact to the safety, classification from INES and national regulation scale, similar events, relation to human factors, activation of emergency plan, recommended actions, root cause and causal factors). To allow the exchange of experience the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) maintain an Incident Reporting System (IRS) that permits interaction of several member states. In this system, a local coordinator collects information of the most relevant operating events and performs an evaluation of them based on IRS Guideline presented in an annual meeting. This paper evaluates a set of approximately four hundred events reported in IRS between 2014 and 2018. This evaluation has the objective of identify the most recurrent event root causes, operation mode and the effectiveness of corrective actions in course in the nuclear industry.
Determination of dynamic loading of bearing structures of freight wagons with actual dimensions
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona 
Published: May 2021

The determination of the dynamic loading of the bearing structures of the main types of freight wagons with the actual dimensions under the main operating conditions is carried out. The inertial coefficients of the bearing structures of the wagons are determined by constructing their spatial models in the SolidWorks software package. Two cases of loading of the bearing structures of the wagons – in the vertical and longitudinal planes – have been taken into account. The studies were carried out in a flat coordinate system. When modeling the vertical loading of the bearing structures of wagons, it was taken into account that they move in the empty state with butt unevenness of the elastic-viscous track. The bearing structures of the wagons are supported by bogies of models 18-100. The solution of differential equations of motion was carried out by the Runge-Kutta method in the MathCad software package. When determining the longitudinal loading of the bearing structures of wagons, the calculation was made for the case of a shunting collision of wagons or a "jerk" (tank wagon). The accelerations acting on the bearing structures of the wagons are determined.
The research results will help to determine the possibility of extending the operation of the bearing structures of freight wagons that have exhausted their standard service life.
It has been established that the indicators of the dynamics of the load-carrying structures of freight wagons with the actual dimensions of the structural elements are within the permissible limits. So, for a gondola wagon, the vertical acceleration of the bearing structure is 4.87 m/s2, for a covered wagon – 5.5 m/s2, for a flat wagon – 5.8 m/s2, for a tank wagon – 4.25 m/s2, for a hopper wagon – 4.5 m/s2. The longitudinal acceleration acting on the bearing structure of a gondola wagon is 38.25 m/s2, for a covered wagon – 38.6 m/s2, for a flat wagon – 38.9 m/s2, for a tank wagon – 27.4 m/s2, for a hopper wagon – 38.5 m/s2. This makes it possible to develop a conceptual framework for restoring the effective functioning of outdated freight wagons.
The conducted research will be useful developments for clarifying the existing methods for extending the service life of the bearing structures of freight wagons that have exhausted their standard resource
Obtaining glucose-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on large-pore zeolites
Authors: Patrylak Lyubov , Konovalov Serhii , Pertko Olexandra , Yakovenko Anzhela , Povazhnyi Volodymyr , Melnychuk Oleksandr 
Published: May 2021

Obtaining such substances-platforms as, in particular, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is one of the areas most actively investigated at present. They can act as raw materials for the further production of a new generation of biopolymers, fuels, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and other chemicals. This paper reports the catalysts, synthesized by using methods of ion exchange and impregnation, based on the large-pore zeolites X, Y, and M, which contain the cations of rubidium, lanthanum, calcium, and ammonium. It was found that the zeolites' specific surface was 400‒500 m2/g; the selected synthesis conditions did not cause noticeable destruction of the microporous structure. In the presence of the synthesized catalysts, glucose dehydration in the aqueous medium and in dimethyl sulfoxide was carried out at 150–160 °C. The higher efficiency of polycationic forms of zeolites in a non-aqueous medium has been established. In the latter case, a 40 % yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was achieved at an almost complete glucose conversion. Deactivated catalyst samples were investigated using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry. It was found that the catalyst accumulates fewer oligomerization process by-products when the reaction is implemented in dimethyl sulfoxide. The loss of mass by the samples deactivated in an aqueous medium is 30‒33 %, while in dimethyl sulfoxide – up to 24 %. The obtained results are important for practical application as the only volatile conversion product is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with a yield of up to 40 %. That is acceptable for the possible implementation of a one-stage process of obtaining 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the future
Defining patterns in the influence exerted by the interelated biochemical corrosion on concrete building structures under the conditions of a chemical enterprise
Authors: Shkromada Oksana , Ivchenko Viktoriia , Chivanov Vadym , Tsyhanenko Liudmyla , Tsyhanenko Hennadii , Moskalenko Volodymir , Kyrchata Іryna , Shersheniuk Olena , Litsman Yuliia 
Published: May 2021

The effect of microbial and chemical corrosion on concrete structures operated in the conditions of chemical enterprises has been established that makes it possible to reliably predict the timing of their decommissioning in order to prevent industrial disasters. Even though the construction complies with all building codes, concrete structures eventually undergo chemical and biological corrosion.
The innovation proposed in this study implies investigating the depth and degree of damage to concrete at the microscopic level by the method of raster electron microscopy. In addition, the TPD-MS method has been suggested for determining the quantitative and qualitative state of the carbonate components of concrete and sulfur compounds.
This study has found that in concrete samples from the titanium dioxide production plant, the amount of carbon dioxide release is twice less than in control samples at t=600 °C while the level of sulfur dioxide, on the contrary, increases. This is due to the ability of thionic bacteria to accumulate sulfate acid that destroys the cementing component in concrete. The reported results confirm the impact of products of the activity of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans microorganisms on corrosion processes in concrete.
In addition, when using the TPD-MS method, it was established in the storage room of the finished product that heating the control sample of concrete leads to a release of the significant amount of СО2 at t=580–600 °C. However, the experimental samples of concrete are almost lacking carbon compounds because the acid metabolites of microfungi interfere with its formation. Microscopic and REM studies revealed the localization of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Aspergillus fumigatus in concrete.
This study has established patterns related to the mechanism that forms chemical compounds in concrete and the metabolism of microorganisms
Development of a simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress
Authors: Yavorska Evhenia , Strembitska Oksana , Strembitskyi Michael , Pankiv Iryna 
Published: May 2021

A simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress taking into account the nature of signals of biological origin and stress response stages was developed. The method of constructing the simulation model is based on reconstructing the waveform and coding points of the signal taking into account the stress response curve using harmonic functions at characteristic time intervals. Using the simulation model of the photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress with previously known parameters allows validation of methods and algorithms for processing such data. It was found that in the process of simulation, it is necessary to take into account the signal frequency, random component and stress response curve. This complicates the simulation algorithm. However, using the simulation model with variable input parameters allows reproducing the signal with an emphasis on stress response stages. One of the features of the proposed model is the ability to reproduce the signal by coding points for amplitude and time intervals using harmonic functions. The relative error for the amplitude variation of the model and experimental data is 3.97 %, and for the period – 3.41 %. Calculation of Student's t-test showed a statistically insignificant difference: p=0.296 for the amplitude and p=0.275 for the period. This indicates that the simulation model takes into account the signal characteristics under stress: frequency, random component and stress response curve. Using the proposed simulation model is an adequate way to assess methods and algorithms for analyzing the state of the cardiovascular system under psychoemotional stress