bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)
Authors: Adaji J. J. , Onolemhemhen R. U. , Isehunwa S. O. , Adenikinju A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment.
This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future.
The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented.
In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
Genome-wide Polygenic Scores for Multiple Psychiatric and Common Traits Identify Preadolescent Youth with Risk for Suicide
Authors: Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Moon Seo-Yoon , Wang Hee-Hwan , Kim Hyeonjin , Lee Eun-Ji , Posner Jonathan , Ahn Woo-Young , Choi Incheol , Kim Jae-Won , Cha Jiook 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Importance.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death in children worldwide but no available means exist to identify the risk in youth.
Objective.

To predict the risk of suicide in children and to investigate whether and to what extents genetic factors and a major environmental risk factor, early life stress(ELS), influence youth suicide.
Design, Setting and Participants.

We analyzed the genotype-phenotype data of 11,869 preadolescent children ages 9- to 10-year-old from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We estimated genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) of 25 complex traits to investigate their phenome-wide associations and predictive utility with suicidality (suicidal ideation and attempt) with machine learning approaches.
Predictors.

GPSs of 25 traits including psychiatric disorders, personality, cognitive capacity, and psychological traits. Parent Child Behavior Checklist to measure ELS in youth and Youth Family Environment Scale to assess family environment.
Main outcomes and Measures.

Records of suicidal ideation and attempt of the participants were derived from the computerized version of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS).
Results.

We identified three GPSs associated with youth suicidality in multiethnic (n = 7,206) and European-ancestry (n = 5,749) participants: ADHD (P = 3.48x10− 4; odds ratio = 1.13 in multiethnic participants, P = 5.60x10− 5, OR = 1.25 in European-ancestry participants), general happiness (P = 1.43x10− 3; OR = 0.89 in multiethnic, P = 8.61x10− 4, OR = 0.89 in European) and autism spectrum disorder(ASD) (P = 1.81x10− 3; OR = 1.15 in multiethnic, P = 1.26x10− 3, OR = 1.18 in European). We also found a significant GPS-by-environment interaction between the effects of genetic risk factors for ASD and the level of ELS in increasing the risk for suicidal ideation (P = 1.36x10− 2, OR = 1.12 in multiethnic, P = 1.39x10− 3, OR = 1.19 in European). A machine learning model trained on the same data showed moderately accurate prediction of children with overall suicidal ideation with a test ROC-AUC of 0.727 (0.746 in European), and with suicidal attempts with a test ROC-AUC of 0.641 (0.975 in European) in held-out samples.
Conclusions and Relevance.

This study provides the first quantitative account of polygenic and environmental factors of suicidality in a large, representative population of preadolescent youth. It thus shows the potential utility of the GPSs in identifying a child with high risk for suicidality for early screening, intervention, and prevention.
What You Don’t Know Might Hurt You: Cost Variations for Fecal Immunochemical Tests in Primary Care Practices
Authors: Coury Jennifer , Ramsey Katrina , Gunn Rose , Judkins Jon , Davis Melinda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening can improve health outcomes, but screening rates remain low across the US. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an effective way to screen more people for colorectal cancer, but barriers exist to implementation in clinical practice. Little research examines the impacts of cost on FIT selection and implementation. MethodsWe administered a multi-modal, cross-sectional survey to 252 primary care practices to assess readiness and implementation of direct mail fecal testing programs, including the cost and types of FIT used. We analyzed the range of costs for the tests, and identified practice and test procurement factors. We examined the distributions of practice characteristics for FIT use and costs answers using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We used Pearson's chi-squared test of association and interpreted a low p-value (e.g. <0.05) as evidence of association between a given practice characteristic and knowing the cost of FIT or fecal occult blood test (FOBT). ResultsAmong the 84 practice survey responses, more than 10 different types of FIT/FOBTs were in use; 76% of practices used one of the five most common FIT types. Only 40 practices (48%) provided information on the cost of their FIT/FOBTs. Thirteen (32%) of these practices received the tests for free while 27 (68%) paid for their tests; median reported cost of a FIT was $3.04, with a range from $0.83 to $6.41 per test. Costs were not statistically significant different by FIT type. However, practices who received FITs from vendors were more likely to know the cost (p=0.0002) and, if known, report a higher cost (p=0.0002).Conclusions﻿Our findings indicate that most practices without lab or health system supplied FITs are spending more to procure tests. Cost of FIT may impact the willingness of practices to distribute FITs in clinic-based encounters as well as through population outreach strategies, such as mailed FIT. Differences in the ability to obtain FIT tests in a cost-effective manner could have far reaching consequences for addressing colorectal cancer screening disparities in primary care practices.
Theory of Lehmer Transform and Its Applications in Identifying the Electroencephalographic Signature of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ataei Masoud , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel transform called Lehmer transform and establish theoretical results which are used to compress and characterize large volumes of highly volatile time series data. It will be shown that our proposed method could be used as a practical data-driven approach for analyzing extreme events in nonstationary and highly oscillatory stochastic processes such as biological signals. We demonstrate the advantage of the proposed transform in comparison with traditional methods such as Fourier and Wavelets transforms through an example of devising a classifier to discern the patients with major depressive disorder from the healthy subjects using their recorded EEG signals and provide the computational results. We show that the proposed transform can be used for building better and more robust classifiers with significant accuracy.
Changes in Inflammatory Biomarkers Related to C-reactive Protein and Albumin in Patients With Terminal Cancer Receiving Palliative Care: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: WIEGERT EMANUELLY VAREA MARIA , CALIXTO-LIMA LARISSA , CUNHA GABRIELLA DA COSTA , Fonseca Tais Saint Martin , SILVA GEISIANE ALVES DA , DE OLIVEIRA LIVIA COSTA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence about how inflammatory biomarkers vary during the end-stage cancer trajectory is lacking. This study investigates the longitudinal changes in albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with terminal cancer receiving palliative care in the last three months of life.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of variables extracted from a prospective cohort study that included admitted patients to the exclusive Palliative Care Unit of the National Cancer Institute in Brazil. Routine blood examination results of albumin and CRP were recorded at 0-15 (T1), 16-30 (T2), 31-45 (T3), 46-60 (T4), 61-75 (T5), and 76-90 (T6) days before death and only patients with at least two measurements were included. Crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects regression models were performed to verify the relationships between the longitudinal trajectories of biomarkers and death. Results: A total of 1,635 patients were included. Median albumin was 3.00g/dL across the whole time-period analyzed (interquartile range, IQR: 2.50-3.60) and decreased with the approach of death, while median CRP was 9.31mg/L (IQR: 4.42-17.30) and CAR was 3.20 (IQR: 1.40-6.60), and both increased. The albumin (slope: 0.01 to 0.02; p <0.001), CRP (slope: -0.10 to -0.12; p <0.001), and CAR (slope: -0.06; p <0.001) showed a linear dose-response relationship with death in crude and adjusted models tested. Conclusions: The longitudinal change levels of inflammatory biomarkers worsen with the approach of death and could be used to predict end-stage in patients with terminal cancer.
Photocatalytic Treatment of Different Types of High−Concentration Ammonia Wastewater by Cu/TiO2 Film and its Mechanism Study
Authors: Feng Jianpei , Zhang Guan , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Ji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia in wastewater has been abundantly investigated in lab − scale, but there are still many issues to be solved towards practical application. Herein, we have immobilized Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst on different solid substrates in order to practically utilize and recycle the photocatalyst during wastewater treatment, on the basis of exploring the effects of different influencing factors such as pH, temperature and salinity on the photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia in this work. The performance of Cu/TiO2 films was evaluated by circulated treatment of different types of wastewater including high salinity ammonia wastewater, copper − ammonia wastewater and liquid − ammonia mercerization wastewater. The characters of wastewater matrices significantly influence the performance for ammonia oxidation. Different from the slurry test of photocatalyst power that operated in a closed reactor, it is importantly found that oxygen in air plays significant role in photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia into dinitrogen in the aerobic oxidation process, when the Cu/TiO2 films were employed. The possible oxidation mechanism has been proposed to elucidate the ammonia oxidation process.
Silver Nanoparticles from Tabernaemontana Divaricate leaf extract: Mechanism of action and Bio-application for photo degradation of 4-Aminopyridine.
Authors: Attri Pratibha , Garg Sangeeta , Ratan Jatinder Kumar , Giri Ardhendu Sekhar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesised by the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 in the presence of enol form of flavonoids present in plant extract of Tabernaemontana Divaricate (T. Divaricate). Prepared Ag NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, HR-TEM with EDX and XPS techniques. XPS spectra exhibited peaks at 366 eV and 373 eV, which specified spin orbits for Ag 3d3/2, and Ag 3d5/2 that confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. Ag NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 30 nm as revealed by HR-TEM and FE-SEM techniques. EDX studies verified the high purity of Ag NPs with silver 46.96 %, carbon 16.35 %, oxygen 16.22 %, nitrogen 20.25 % and sulphur 0.21%. LC-MS analysis of plant extract confirmed the qualitative presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and carbohydrates. Prepared Ag NPs showed good photocatalytic activity towards degradation of 4-Amniopyridine with 61% degradation efficiency at optimum conditions in 2 hrs of reaction time under visible light. The number of intermediates were found were ten within the mass number of 0–450. Ag NPs synthesized using bio-extract have also showed good inactivation against Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Bacillus Subtilis (B. Subtilis) bacteria due to availability of free radicals.
Computational Method Using Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network Model Combined With Reinforcement Layer For MiRNA-Disease Association Prediction
Authors: Huang Dang , An JiYong , Zhang Lei , Liu BaiLong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: A large number of evidences from biological experiments have confirmed that miRNAs play an important role in the progression and development of various human complex diseases. However, the traditional experiment methods are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it is a challenging task that how to develop more accurate and efficient methods for predicting potential associations between miRNA and disease. Results: In the study, we developed a computational model that combined Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network with Enhanced Layer for miRNA-Disease Association prediction (HGCNELMDA). The major improvement of our method lies in through restarting the random walk optimized the original features of nodes and adding a Reinforcement layer to the hidden layer of graph convolutional network retained similar information between nodes in the feature space. In addition, the proposed approach recalculated the influence of neighborhood nodes on target nodes by introducing the attention mechanism. The reliable performance of the HGCNELMDA was certified by the AUC of 93.47% in global leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), and the average AUCs of 93.01% in fivefold cross-validation. Meanwhile, we compared the HGCNELMDA with the state‑of‑the‑art methods. Comparative results indicated that o the HGCNELMDA is very promising and may provide a cost‑effective alternative for miRNA-Disease Association prediction. Moreover, we applied HGCNELMDA to 3 different case studies to predict potential miRNAs related to lung cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Results showed that 48, 50, and 50 of the top 50 predicted miRNAs were supported by experimental association evidence. Therefore, the HGCNELMDA is a reliable method for predicting disease-related miRNAs. Conclusions: The results of the HGCNELMDA method in the LOOCV (leave-one-out cross validation, LOOCV) and 5-cross validations were 93.47% and 93.01%, respectively. Compared with other typical methods, the performance of HGGCNMA is higher. Three cases of lung cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer were studied. Among the predicted top 50 candidate miRNAs, 48, 50, and 50 were verified in the biological database HDMMV2.0.Therefore; this further confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of our method. To facilitate extensive studies for future disease-related miRNAs research, we developed a freely available web server called HGCNELMDA is available at http://132.232.17.50:8080/HGCNELMDA.jsp.
Transient Current in Graphene Transistors Under Single- Proton Irradiation
Authors: He Wanzhen , Yam ChiYung , Xu Zhiping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials and their multilayers or heterostructures are promising candidates for optoelectronic devices. Their performance such as the transient current can be remarkably modified under irradiation since the atoms are extremely exposed. This effect, however, still lacks theoretical understanding. Using real-time time-dependent density functional theory extended to open systems for electrons and Ehrenfest dynamics for the moving ion, we explore the single-ion irradiation effects on graphene electronics. Perturbed electronic transport is identified in a field-effect transistor setup. The peak transient current is calculated as the key indicator to quantify the irradiation effects, the irradiation-energy dependence of which shows distinction from the stopping power that was well understood in recent studies. We find that the perturbation in transient current is driven by delocalized plasmonic excitation, in contrast to the localized electronic excitation that has a strong impact on the stopping power. The site dependence of transient current is determined by the local electron density and ionic charge, which highlights the roles of the lattice and electronic structures of materials. Following these understandings and the database developed for typical space-irradiation conditions, the device responses of graphene nanoelectronics can be modeled. These results and methods lay the ground for the material-informed design of nanoelectronics in, for example, space applications.
Genetic evidence for the invasion of Cymbella janischii (A. Schmidt) De Toni in Japan
Authors: Kato-Unoki Yoko , Kurihara Akira , Kuge Toshihiro , Shimasaki Yohei , Suzawa Yuzuru , Mayama Shigeki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Cymbella janischii (A. Schmidt) De Toni, an endemic diatom of the Pacific Northwest, was found in 2006 in Japan, and since then, its distribution has been expanding. It was identified on the basis of morphology in Japan, however, molecular analyses have not yet been performed, with no sequences known of genes derived from the Japanese isolate. Here, we analyzed rbcL, psaB, psbA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA gene sequences (6526 bp in total) of the C. janischii specimens from several locations in Japan and explored their genetic relatedness with C. janischii from its country of origin (the United States) and its closely related species. We showed that all Japanese specimens had the same sequences, regardless of geographical distance, and formed a clade with the US C. janischii. The identities and the pairwise distance between the sequences of the Japanese and the US diatoms were 99.937% and 0.0003, respectively, indicating that these diatoms are extremely similar. These results provide potential genetic evidence of the recent invasion and rapid spread of C. janischii from the US in Japan.
Ligation-Assisted Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Has High Complete Resection Rate in Rectal Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Su Ming-Yao , Chiu Cheng-Tang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim:
We aimed to compare the outcomes of different therapeutic modalities in rectal carcinoid tumors.
Method:
We retrospectively collected 145 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors which were pathologically diagnosed from 2005/01/01 to 2016/12/31. We compared tumor size, complete resection rate and recurrent rate between different therapeutic modalities. Then, prospectively compared the treatment outcmes of 28 patients treated with ligation assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (LEMR) and 25 patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection with cap (EMRC).
Result:
The mean size of tumors was 6.5mm (1-25mm), and the mean follow-up duration was 26 months (6-118 months). The therapeutic modalities included ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (LEMR) (25 tumors, 17%), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (31 tumors, 21%), snare polypectomy (30 tumors, 21%), biopsy forceps removal (46 tumors, 32%) and surgical resection (13 tumors, 11%), including 6 tumors treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) method. In view of pathologically complete resection rate, LEMR was highest (100%), followed by surgical resection (85%). However, EMR only had 42% pathologically complete resection rate. Besides, LEMR and surgical resection had no local recurrence and significantly higher clinically complete resection rate, compared to other treatments. For the further prospective study, complete resection were noted in 28 (100%) patients in LEMR group and 13 (52%) patients in EMRC group.
Conclusion:
In the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors, LEMR is safe and effective compared with traditional endoscopic treatments.
Study of surface ozone (O3) and its relationship with NO, NO2, NOx, OX and CO at five different locations in New Delhi, India from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Sinha Priyanka , Singh Siddhartha , Saroj Pooja , Beig Gufran , Murthy B. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present study, continuous measurements of Surface Ozone (O3), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx (NO + NO2)), and carbon monoxide (CO), monitored at five different locations in Delhi National Capital Region have been studied for the period 2013–2019. The five monitoring locations used are namely IMD Lodi Road, IGI Airport Palam, CV Raman Dheerpur, CRRI Mathura Road, and NCMRWF Noida. The average hourly concentration of O3, NO, NO2, CO, NOx (NO + NO2), and OX(NO2 + O3) are found in the range of 32.44 ppb to 36.57 ppb, 19.46 to 28.09 ppb, 20.83 to 26.89 ppb,1.67 to 1.89 ppm,43.04 to 54.99 ppb, and 54.06 to 60.99 ppb respectively during the study period. Diurnal variation of NOx and CO Concentrations show higher values during the morning (0600-0900h) and late evening (1900-2400h) hours while the highest concentrations of ozone have been observed during afternoon hours. The relationship between NO, NO2, and surface O3 as a function of NOx has also been examined during daylight hours (0500hrs IST to 1900 hrs IST) and chemical coupling of the three species i.e. NO, NO2 and O3 have been studied. The ground-level concentration of Ozone have been found to decrease with increasing NOx concentration during daytime. The variations in concentrations of oxidants (NO2 + O3) with the concentration of [NOx] have been studied to examine the contributing pollution sources of oxidants at all the study sites. The average rate of change of O3 concentrations (dO3/dt) has been examined at all five locations. The monthly and diurnal variation of oxidants [OX] at all the study locations has shown a strong positive correlation with temperature whereas a negative correlation with humidity.