bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil extracellular traps in giant cell arteritis biopsies: presentation, localization and co-expression with inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Palamidas Dimitris Anastasios , Argyropoulou Ourania D , Georgantzoglou Natalia , Karatza Elli , Xingi Evangelia , Kapsogeorgou Efstathia K , Anagnostopoulos Constantinos D , Lazaris Andreas C , Ritis Konstantinos , Goules Andreas V , Kambas Konstantinos , Tzioufas Athanasios G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in inflamed temporal artery biopsies (TABs) of patients with GCA.

Methods
Ten patients with GCA [five with limited and five with associated generalized vascular involvement, as defined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with CT (PET/CT)] and eight with PMR were studied. The presence, location, quantitation and decoration of NETs with IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17A were assessed in TABs at the time of disease diagnosis by tissue immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Paired serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17A were also evaluated in all patients.

Results
All temporal artery biopsies from GCA, but not PMR, patients had NETs located mainly in the adventitia, adjacent to the vasa vasorum. NETs decorated with IL-6 were present in 8/10 TABs of GCA patients, of whom 5 were PET/CT(+) and 3 PET/CT(–) patients. IL-17A(+) NETs were observed in all GCA patients. IL-1β(+) NETs were not detected in any GCA patient. No relation was found between serum IL-6 and IL-17A levels and NETs containing IL-6 and/or IL-17A.

Conclusions
NETs bearing pro-inflammatory cytokines are present in inflamed GCA-TABs. Future studies with a larger number of patients from different centres will show whether the findings regarding neutrophils/NETs in the TAB are consistent and disclose their clinical impact.
Acclimation of hydraulic and morphological traits to water deficit delays hydraulic failure during simulated drought in poplar
Authors: Lemaire Cédric , Blackman Chris J , Cochard Hervé , Menezes-Silva Paulo Eduardo , Torres-Ruiz José M , Herbette Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The capacity of trees to tolerate and survive increasing drought conditions in situ will depend in part on their ability to acclimate (via phenotypic plasticity) key hydraulic and morphological traits that increase drought tolerance and delay the onset of drought-induced hydraulic failure. However, the effect of water-deficit acclimation in key traits that determine time to hydraulic failure (THF) during extreme drought remains largely untested. We measured key hydraulic and morphological traits in saplings of a hybrid poplar grown under well-watered and water-limited conditions. The time for plants to dry-down to critical levels of water stress (90% loss of stem hydraulic conductance), as well as the relative contribution of drought acclimation in each trait to THF, was simulated using a soil–plant hydraulic model (SurEau). Compared with controls, water-limited plants exhibited significantly lower stem hydraulic vulnerability (P50stem), stomatal conductance and total canopy leaf area (LA). Taken together, adjustments in these and other traits resulted in longer modelled THF in water-limited (~160 h) compared with well-watered plants (~50 h), representing an increase of more than 200%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that adjustment in P50stem and LA contributed the most to longer THF in water-limited plants. We observed a high degree of trait plasticity in poplar saplings in response to water-deficit growth conditions, with decreases in stem hydraulic vulnerability and leaf area playing a key role in delaying the onset of hydraulic failure during a simulated drought event. These findings suggest that understanding the capacity of plants to acclimate to antecedent growth conditions will enable better predictions of plant survivorship during future drought.
The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Delhi, India: a repeated population-based seroepidemiological study
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Sharma Pragya , Basu Saurav , Saxena Sonal , Chawla Rohit , Dushyant Kumar , Mundeja Nutan , Marak Zeasaly , Singh Sanjay , Singh Gautam , Rustagi Ruchir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional serosurvey to estimate the change in seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were conducted from August to October 2020 in the state of Delhi, India, in the general population ≥5 y of age.

Methods
The selection of participants was through a multistage sampling design from all 11 districts and 280 wards of the city-state, with multistage allocation proportional to population size. The blood samples were screened using immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results
We observed a total of 4267 (N=150 46), 4311 (N=17 409) and 3829 (N=15 015) positive tests indicative of the presence of IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 during the August, September and October 2020 serosurvey rounds, respectively. The adjusted seroprevalence declined from 28.39% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.65 to 29.14) in August to 24.08% (95% CI 23.43 to 24.74) in September and 24.71% (95% CI 24.01 to 25.42) in October. On adjusted analysis, participants with lower per capita income, living in slums or overcrowded households and those with diabetes comorbidity had significantly higher statistical odds of having antibody positivity (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
Nearly one in four residents in Delhi, India ≥5 y of age had the SARS-CoV-2 infection during August–October 2020.
Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus onPipa arrabali(Lissamphibia: Anura)
Authors: Araújo O G S , Pugener L A , Haddad C F B , Da Silva H R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter more than one-hundred years of studies, there is still no consensus regarding the names for the nasal elements in Pipidae and their correspondence to that of other frogs. Names vary depending on authors’ preferences for an explanatory process associated with the observed state of the structure. Some of the names indicate absence, while others indicate fusion. As naming morphological structures relates to some sort of consensus regarding systematics’ knowledge, one would expect results of the two activities to go hand-in-hand. Within the monophyletic Pipidae, one would expect that the names of structures would be all settled. However, the situation is the contrary. Our efforts to pursue such a research and properly name the involved structures resulted in a deeper understanding of the evolution within the taxa involved. Herein we present the results of the study of embryos and juveniles of P. arrabali; based on which we offer additional evidence for the proper naming of the involved elements of the nasal region. Furthermore, using key structures as topographical markers, and by comparing our evaluation to those presented by previous researchers, we have sorted out the compound nature of some key structures and present a proper naming for the morphology investigated.
Quantifying the Limitations of Clinical and Technology-based Flap Monitoring Strategies using a Systematic Thematic Analysis
Authors: Kwasnicki Richard M. , Noakes Alex J. , Banhidy Norbert , Hettiaratchy Shehan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Multiple techniques exist to monitor free flap viability postoperatively, varying with practical and personal preference, yet the limitations of each technique remain unquantified. This systematic review aims to identify the most commonly reported limitations of these techniques in clinical practice.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science with search criteria for postoperative free flap monitoring techniques. Search results were independently screened using defined criteria by two authors and a senior clinician. Limitations of the techniques found in the discussion section of eligible articles were recorded and categorized using thematic analysis.

Results:
A total of 4699 records were identified. In total, 2210 articles met the eligibility criteria and were subsequently reviewed, with 195 papers included in the final analysis. The most frequently reported limitations of clinical monitoring were interpretation requiring expertise (25% of related papers), unsuitability for buried flaps (21%), and lack of quantitative/objective values (19%). For noninvasive technologies, the limitations were lack of quantitative/objective values (21%), cost (16%), and interpretation requiring expertise (13%). For invasive technologies, the limitations were application requiring expertise (25%), equipment design and malfunction (13%), and cost (13%).

Conclusions:
This is the first systematic review to quantify the limitations of different flap monitoring techniques, as reported in the literature. This information may enhance the choice in monitoring strategy for a reconstructive service, and inform the development and refinement of new flap monitoring technologies.
An Alternative Dermal Template for Reconstruction of Complex Upper Extremity Wounds
Authors: Wu-Fienberg Yuewei , Wu Shannon S. , Gatherwright James , Chepla Kyle J. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
The management of upper extremity soft-tissue defects with full-thickness skin loss and denuded tendon and/or bone traditionally requires vascularized tissue reconstruction. Herein, we present patient outcomes utilizing Novosorb Bio-degradable Temporizing Matrix (PolyNovo, Wilmington, Del.), a novel bilaminar dermal regenerative template, followed by skin grafting, for reconstruction of complex upper extremity injuries with exposed tendon and/or bone. We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated at our Level I trauma center with upper extremity trauma and exposed tendon and/or bone who had application of Novosorb Bio-degradable Temporizing Matrix over a 1-year period. At the time of surgery, all nonviable tissue was debrided, and the product was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. If required, split thickness skin grafting was performed once neodermis appeared perfused, or after the sealing layer delaminated spontaneously. Six patients (four men, two women) with an average age of 49.8 (35–60) years were included in the study. Average defect size measured 97 cm2 (10–440). Average time to complete healing was 45 days (27–57). Three patients reepithelialized spontaneously and did not require grafting; average defect size in these patients was 26 cm2 (10–42). There were no infections and no loss of the dermal matrix or skin graft, when performed. All patients healed without complication after grafting and did not require further surgical treatment. Therefore, we contend that Novosorb BTM is a dermal regenerative template that shows potential as an alternative option to flap reconstruction in select patients after upper extremity trauma and soft-tissue defects with exposed tendon and/or bone. Further studies will be required to refine indications and evaluate outcomes.
Reconstruction of Chronic Wounds Secondary to Injectable Drug Use with a Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix
Authors: Cheng Christopher , Kwiecien Grzegorz J. , Rowe David J. , Gatherwright James R. , Chepla Kyle J. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Injectable drug use in the upper extremity often leads to chronic wounds complicated by osteomyelitis. Conventional reconstructive options are often not feasible and/or are contraindicated in this patient population. We have started using a synthetic, biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) for the treatment of these patients. We hypothesize that BTM is a safe, low-risk, and low-morbidity alternative reconstructive option. We report outcomes after staged debridement and BTM application followed by split-thickness skin grafting for two patients with large, chronic bilateral forearm wounds with concomitant osteomyelitis confirmed by MRI and biopsy. No acute surgical complications were encountered and at a mean follow-up of 13 months, both patients had maintained stable soft-tissue coverage. Reconstruction using BTM is a novel treatment option that can simplify the reconstruction, reduce donor-site morbidity, and optimize success for patients with chronic wounds resulting from injectable drug use. Initial outcomes are promising; however, further comparative studies are needed to better evaluate long-term outcomes of this technique.
Acute Renal Failure following Novel Subcutaneous Fat Reduction with Injected Ice Slurry
Authors: McMahan Daniel L. , Dehbozorgi Hangameh , Lam Quy N. , Le Calvin , Richardson Justin , Villacres Alexandra , Albaalbaki Fysal 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
A new fat-freezing injection may pose significant health risks. Subcutaneous injection of partially frozen normal saline and glycerol has been shown to significantly reduce adipose tissue. This article reports the first human case and adverse reactions following this new procedure.
Anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis with small cell lung cancer presenting with septic shock during immunotherapy
Authors: Lv Zi-Yang , Li Xin , Song Tao , Ma Ling-Ran , Xiang Guang-Hong , Chai Zhi-Yong , Liu Jia-Jia , Zhou Gao-Ya , Wang Shan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Most patients with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B (anti-GABA-B) receptor encephalitis present with cancer and have a poor response to immunotherapy. Moreover, septic shock, a subset of sepsis, is rarely reported in these patients during immunotherapy.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old man presented with epileptic seizure and cognitive impairment. He was previously healthy and had no family history of psychiatric disorders but had a history of smoking and emphysema.

Diagnoses:
Combined with the symptoms and antibody testing, anti-GABA-B encephalitis with anti-Hu antibody was diagnosed. During immunotherapy, he presented with septic shock. Further investigations and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with five days of intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4/kg/d), ten days of methylprednisolone (1.0 g once a day and half the dose every three days), plus ten days of oxycarbazepine (0.3 g b.i.d.) and magnesium valproate (0.25 g b.i.d.). He received nine days of conventional treatment for septic shock in addition to meropenem (1 g intravenously every 8 hours) and etimicin (0.3 g intravenously per day). After that, he received one month of prednisone 30 mg with dose reduction 5 mg every two weeks, oxcarbazepine 0.3 g b.i.d. and valproic acid 0.25 g b.i.d. for antiepileptic treatment, olanzapine 5 mg qd + qn for antipsychotic symptoms.

Outcomes:
He was able to communicate with others normally and also had improved memory and clear thinking. Mini-Mental State Examination and Modified Rankin Scale were 23/30 and 1. At discharge, the titer of anti-GABA-B receptor antibody in serum (1:10) was significantly lower than the titer in serum on the day of admission (1: 100).

Conclusion:
Anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis patients with cancer can respond well to immunotherapy. Personalized treatment should be considered to avoid complications like septic shock in anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis with cancer during immunotherapy.
Preface
Authors: Kratochvíl Lukáš , Stöck Matthias 
Published: July 2021

This preface introduces the two parts of a theme issue on vertebrate sex chromosome evolution (title below). We invited and edited 22 articles concerning the following main topics (Part 1): sex determination without sex chromosomes and/or governed by epigenetics; origin of sex-determining genes; reasons for differentiation of sex chromosomes and differences in their rates of differentiation as well as (Part 2): co-option of the same linkage groups into sex chromosomes; is differentiation of sex chromosomes a unidirectional pathway?; consequences of differentiated sex chromosomes; differences in differentiation of sex chromosomes under male versus female heterogamety; evolution of sex chromosomes under hybridization and polyploidy.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.
The timing of genetic degeneration of sex chromosomes
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah 
Published: July 2021

Genetic degeneration is an extraordinary feature of sex chromosomes, with the loss of functions of Y-linked genes in species with XY systems, and W-linked genes in ZW systems, eventually affecting almost all genes. Although degeneration is familiar to most biologists, important aspects are not yet well understood, including how quickly a Y or W chromosome can become completely degenerated. I review the current understanding of the time-course of degeneration. Degeneration starts after crossing over between the sex chromosome pair stops, and theoretical models predict an initially fast degeneration rate and a later much slower one. It has become possible to estimate the two quantities that the models suggest are the most important in determining degeneration rates—the size of the sex-linked region, and the time when recombination became suppressed (which can be estimated using Y–X or W–Z sequence divergence). However, quantifying degeneration is still difficult. I review evidence on gene losses (based on coverage analysis) or loss of function (by classifying coding sequences into functional alleles and pseudogenes). I also review evidence about whether small genome regions degenerate, or only large ones, whether selective constraints on the genes in a sex-linked region also strongly affect degeneration rates, and about how long it takes before all (or almost all) genes are lost.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.
Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant
Authors: Li Baisheng , Deng Aiping , Li Kuibiao , Hu Yao , Li Zhencui , Xiong Qianling , Liu Zhe , Guo Qianfang , Zou Lirong , Zhang Huan , Zhang Meng , Ouyang Fangzhu , Su Juan , Su Wenzhe , Xu Jing , Lin Huifang , Sun Jing , Peng Jinju , Jiang Huiming , Zhou Pingping , Hu Ting , Luo Min , Zhang Yingtao , Zheng Huanying , Xiao Jianpeng , Liu Tao , Che Rongfei , Zeng Hanri , Zheng Zhonghua , Huang Yushi , Yu Jianxiang , Yi Lina , Wu Jie , Chen Jingdiao , Zhong Haojie , Deng Xiaoling , Kang Min , Pybus Oliver G. , Hall Matthew , Lythgoe Katrina A. , Li Yan , Yuan Jun , He Jianfeng , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe report the first local transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in mainland China. All 167 infections could be traced back to the first index case. Daily sequential PCR testing of the quarantined subjects indicated that the viral loads of Delta infections, when they first become PCR+, were on average ∼1000 times greater compared to A/B lineage infections during initial epidemic wave in China in early 2020, suggesting potentially faster viral replication and greater infectiousness of Delta during early infection. We performed high-quality sequencing on samples from 126 individuals. Reliable epidemiological data meant that, for 111 transmission events, the donor and recipient cases were known. The estimated transmission bottleneck size was 1-3 virions with most minor intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) failing to transmit to the recipients. However, transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 was also observed. The transmission of minor iSNVs resulted in at least 4 of the 30 substitutions identified in the outbreak, highlighting the contribution of intra-host variants to population level viral diversity during rapid spread. Disease control activities, such as the frequency of population testing, quarantine during pre-symptomatic infection, and level of virus genomic surveillance should be adjusted in order to account for the increasing prevalence of the Delta variant worldwide.
Dataset on the mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of mouse embryonic fibroblasts from a wild type and DYT-TOR1A mouse model of dystonia, basally and during stress
Authors: Shroff Kunal , Caffall Zachary F. , Soderblom Erik J. , Waitt Greg , Ho Tricia , Calakos Nicole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, we present quantitative subcellular compartment-specific proteomic data from wildtype and DYT-TOR1A heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) basally and following thapsigargin treatment [1]. In this experiment, we generated MEFs from wild type and a heterozygous DYT-TOR1A mouse model of dystonia. Subsequently, these MEF cultures were treated with either 1 μM thapsigargin or dimethylsulfoxide vehicle for six hours. Following treatment, the cells were fractionated into nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)-based proteomic profiling identified 65,056 unique peptides and 4801 unique proteins across all samples. The data presented here provide subcellular compartment-specific proteomic information within a dystonia model system both basally and under cellular stress. These data can inform future experiments focused on studying the function of TorsinA, the protein encoded by TOR1A, and its potential role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and proteostasis. In addition, the information in this article can also inform future mechanistic studies investigating the relationship between DYT-TOR1A dystonia and the cellular stress response to advance understanding of the pathogenesis of dystonia.
Interhemispheric functional connectivity in the primary motor cortex distinguishes between training on a physical and a virtual surgical simulator
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Kamat Anil , Makled Basiel , Norfleet Jack , Intes Xavier , De Suvranu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFunctional brain connectivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a pattern cutting (PC) task was investigated in physical and virtual simulators.14 right-handed novice medical students were recruited and divided into separate cohorts for physical (N=8) and virtual (N=6) PC training. Functional brain connectivity measured were based on wavelet coherence (WCOH) from task-related oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO2) changes from baseline at left and right prefrontal cortex (LPFC, RPFC), left and right primary motor cortex (LPMC, RPMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA). HBO2 changes within the neurovascular frequency band (0.01-0.07Hz) from long-separation channels were used to compute average inter-regional WCOH metrics during the PC task. The coefficient of variation (CoV) of WCOH metrics and PC performance metrics were compared. WCOH metrics from short-separation fNIRS time-series were separately compared.Partial eta squared effect size (Bonferroni correction) between the physical versus virtual simulator cohorts was found to be highest for LPMC-RPMC connectivity. Also, the percent change in magnitude-squared WCOH metric was statistically (p<0.05) different for LPMC-RPMC connectivity between the physical and the virtual simulator cohorts. Percent change in WCOH metrics from extracerebral sources was not different at the 5% significance level. Also, higher CoV for both LPMC-RPMC magnitude-squared WCOH metric and PC performance metrics were found in physical than a virtual simulator.We conclude that interhemispheric connectivity of the primary motor cortex is the distinguishing functional brain connectivity feature between the physical versus the virtual simulator cohorts. Brain-behavior relationship based on CoV between the LPMC-RPMC magnitude-squared WCOH metric and the FLS PC performance metric provided novel insights into the neuroergonomics of the physical and virtual simulators that is crucial for validating Virtual Reality technology.