bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Deep Neural Networks for the Detection and Decoding of Data Matrix Landmarks in Cluttered Indoor Environments
Authors: Almeida Tiago , Santos Vitor , Mozos Oscar Martinez , Lourenço Bernardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData Matrix patterns imprinted as passive visual landmarks have shown to be a valid solution for the self-localization of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in shop floors. However, existing Data Matrix decoding applications take a long time to detect and segment the markers in the input image. Therefore, this paper proposes a pipeline where the detector is based on a real-time Deep Learning network and the decoder is a conventional method, i.e. the implementation in libdmtx. To do so, several types of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for object detection were studied, trained, compared, and assessed. The architectures range from region proposals (Faster R-CNN) to single-shot methods (SSD and YOLO). This study focused on performance and processing time to select the best Deep Learning (DL) model to carry out the detection of the visual markers. Additionally, a specific data set was created to evaluate those networks. This test set includes demanding situations, such as high illumination gradients in the same scene and Data Matrix markers positioned in skewed planes. The proposed approach outperformed the best known and most used Data Matrix decoder available in libraries like libdmtx.
Effects of cascade reservoir systems on the longitudinal distribution of sediment characteristics: a case study of the Heihe River Basin
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Bao-long , Liu Juan-juan , Feng Qi , Liu Wei , Wang Xu , He Yu-hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpatial variations in grain size parameters can reflect river sediment transport patterns and depositional dynamics. Therefore, 22 surficial sediment samples taken from the Heihe River and its cascade reservoirs were analyzed to better understand the impact of cascade reservoir construction on sediment transport patterns in inland rivers in China. The results showed that the longitudinal distribution of sediment grain size in the Heihe River was significantly affected by the influence of the cascade reservoirs. The retention rate in the cascade reservoir of the Heihe River reached 79% (193.53 Mt/year), which caused most of the fine sand to accumulate in the reservoir, and the sediment fining degree reached approximately 50%. However, the water discharged from the dam caused serious erosion of the riverbed and coarsening of the sediment, and the coarsening degree was approximately 500%. The backwater zone of the reservoir was influenced by both backwater and released water, and the coarsening degree of sediment was approximately 101%. Sedimentary environmental analysis revealed that the characteristics of the sediment grain size in an upstream tributary of the Heihe River were more influenced by source material than by hydrodynamic conditions, while the grain size characteristics of the mainstream sediments were controlled mainly by hydrodynamic conditions. The characteristics of sediment transport in different reaches of the Heihe River were studied, and the results may provide references for the operation of cascade reservoirs and the sediment control of reservoirs.
CEOs’ International Work Experience and Compensation
Authors: Schmid Stefan , Baldermann Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effect a CEO’s international work experience has on his or her compensation. By combining human capital theory with a resource dependence and a resource-based perspective, we argue that international work experience translates into higher pay. We also suggest that international work experience comprises several dimensions that affect CEO compensation: duration, timing and breadth of stays abroad. With data from Europe’s largest stock market firms, we provide evidence that the longer the international work experiences and the more numerous they are, the higher a CEO’s compensation. While, based on our theoretical arguments, we expect to find that later international work experiences pay off for CEOs, our empirical analysis shows that earlier international work experiences are particularly valuable in terms of compensation. In addition, our data support the argument that maturity allows a CEO to take advantage of the skills, knowledge and competencies obtained via international experience—and to receive a higher payoff. With our study, we improve the understanding of how different facets of a CEO’s background shape executive remuneration.
Microglia and Stem-Cell Mediated Neuroprotection after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Brégère Catherine , Schwendele Bernd , Radanovic Boris , Guzman Raphael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) refers to a brain injury in term infants that can lead to death or lifelong neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy (CP). The pathogenesis of this disease involves multiple cellular and molecular events, notably a neuroinflammatory response driven partly by microglia, the brain resident macrophages. Treatment options are currently very limited, but stem cell (SC) therapy holds promise, as beneficial outcomes are reported in animal studies and to a lesser degree in human trials. Among putative mechanisms of action, immunomodulation is considered a major contributor to SC associated benefits. The goal of this review is to examine whether microglia is a cellular target of SC-mediated immunomodulation and whether the recruitment of microglia is linked to brain repair. We will first provide an overview on microglial activation in the rodent model of neonatal HI, and highlight its sensitivity to developmental age. Two complementary questions are then addressed: (i) do immune-related treatments impact microglia and provide neuroprotection, (ii) does stem cell treatment modulates microglia? Finally, the immune-related findings in patients enrolled in SC based clinical trials are discussed. Our review points to an impact of SCs on the microglial phenotype, but heterogeneity in experimental designs and methodological limitations hamper our understanding of a potential contribution of microglia to SC associated benefits. Thorough analyses of the microglial phenotype are warranted to better address the relevance of the neuroimmune crosstalk in brain repair and improve or advance the development of SC protocols in humans.
Graphical abstract
In vitro dissolution testing models of ocular implants for posterior segment drug delivery
Authors: Adrianto Muhammad Faris , Annuryanti Febri , Wilson Clive G. , Sheshala Ravi , Thakur Raghu Raj Singh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a tremendously difficult task. Prolonged treatment in conventional intravitreal therapy requires injections that are administered frequently due to the rapid clearance of the drug molecules. As an alternative, intraocular implants can offer drug release for long-term therapy. However, one of the several challenges in developing intraocular implants is selecting an appropriate in vitro dissolution testing model. In order to determine the efficacy of ocular implants in drug release, multiple in vitro test models were emerging. While these in vitro models may be used to analyse drug release profiles, the findings may not predict in vivo retinal drug exposure as this is influenced by metabolic and physiological factors. This review considers various types of in vitro test methods used to test drug release of ocular implants. Importantly, it discusses the challenges and factors that must be considered in the development and testing of the implants in an in vitro setup.
Graphical abstract
Esercizio fisico e doping: ricadute in medicina della sessualità
Authors: Sansone Andrea , Schiavo Anna , Romanelli Francesco , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: August 2021

SommarioL’attività fisica rappresenta uno strumento essenziale per la prevenzione e la tutela della salute individuale. Ciononostante, solo una minoranza degli adulti raggiunge i livelli raccomandati di esercizio fisico. Nell’ambito della sessuologia medica, intervenire sulla sedentarietà può migliorare la salute sessuale e riproduttiva; tuttavia, è necessario che l’attività fisica sia adeguata, onde evitare lo sviluppo di quadri patologici come la triade dell’atleta o l’ipogonadismo indotto da esercizio fisico. Inoltre, l’eventuale uso di “sostanze atte a migliorare l’apparenza e la performance” ha trasceso i confini dello sport agonistico, trovando largo utilizzo fra gli atleti amatoriali al fine di massimizzare la resa dell’esercizio, sebbene siano noti gli effetti avversi sulla salute sessuale e riproduttiva in entrambi i sessi.
Comparing the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block versus wound infiltration for post cesarean section pain management: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Alemu Wudie Mekonnen , Ashagrie Henos Enyew , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Admass Biruk Adie 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cesarean section is the most common surgery done in the world and it results moderate to severe pain. Untreated pain interrupts the mother to care her baby and may lead to the development of chronic pain. It may also have negative impacts on respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems. Land mark technique of transversus abdominis plane block and wound infiltration have been practiced to manage post-operative pain after cesarean section.

Objective:
Comparing the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block versus wound infiltration for post cesarean section pain management.

Methods:
An institution based prospective cohort study was conducted on 82 parturients who delivered by cesarean section under spinal, North west Ethiopia, from March10 to June 2nd, 2020. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and 82 consecutive parturients were included in this study until the desired sample in each groups was achieved. Parametric data was compared by independent student t –test and non-parametric data was compared by Mann-Whitney U test and presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) as appropriate.

Result:
Post-operative numerical rating scale of pain after cesarean section at 2, 4 and 6 h were not significantly different, but there were significant differences at 8, 12 and 24 h between groups. Diclofenac consumption was not significantly different on 24 post-operative hour between the two groups (P = 0.246). Time to first analgesia requirement was prolonged in transversus abdominis plane block (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
And recommendations: Transversus abdominis plane block had long lasting and more efficient analgesia, reduced tramadol consumption and prolonged time to first analgesia request for parturients delivered by cesarean section within 24 h as compared to skin infiltration. We recommend transversus abdominis plane block than skin infiltration for post-operative pain management after cesarean section.

Highlights
Meteorite Mineralogy
Authors: Rubin Alan , Ma Chi 
Published: August 2021

Meteorites are fascinating cosmic visitors. Using accessible language, this book documents the history of mineralogy and meteorite research, summarizes the mineralogical characteristics of the myriad varieties of meteorites, and explains the mineralogical characteristics of Solar System bodies visited by spacecraft. Some of these bodies contain minerals that do not occur naturally on Earth or in meteorites. The book explains how to recognize different phases under the microscope and in back-scattered electron images. It summarizes the major ways in which meteoritic minerals form – from condensation in the expanding atmospheres of dying stars to crystallization in deep-seated magmas, from flash-melting in the solar nebula to weathering in the terrestrial environment. Containing spectacular back-scattered electron images, colour photographs of meteorite minerals, and with an accompanying online list of meteorite minerals, this book provides a useful resource for meteorite researchers, terrestrial mineralogists, cosmochemists and planetary scientists, as well as graduate students in these fields
Quasimaps to GIT fibre bundles and applications
Authors: Oh Jeongseok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In [4], Brown proved that the I-function of a toric fibration lies on the overruled Lagrangian cone of its

$g=0$

Gromov–Witten theory, introduced by Coates and Givental [8]. In this paper, we prove the theorem for partial flag-variety fibrations. To do so, we construct new moduli spaces generalising the idea of Ciocan-Fontanine, Kim and Maulik [7].
Use of parenteral nutrition in term and late preterm infants: an Australian and New Zealand survey
Authors: Moon Kwi , Rao Shripada , Patole Sanjay , Simmer Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is limited information regarding the use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in term and late preterm infants. We conducted a survey to study the current clinical practices within Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). A fifteen-question online survey was distributed to 232 neonatologists and fifty-five paediatric intensivists across ANZ between September and November 2019. At least one neonatologist from twenty-seven out of thirty tertiary neonatal intensive care units responded (90 %). Responses were received from sixty-nine neonatologists (30 %) and seven paediatric intensivists (13 %). The overall response rate was 26 % (76/287). Thirty-three percent (25/76) commenced PN within 24 h of admission, 27 % (20/75) between 24 and 48 h, 24 % (18/75) between 48 and 72 h, 9 % (7/75) between 72 and 96 h and 4 % (3/75) between 96 h and 7 days. None of the respondents commenced PN after 7 d of admission. Sixty-one percent (46/75) aimed for 1·5–3 g/kg per d of parenteral amino acids, whereas 27 % (20/75) aimed for 2–3 g/kg per d. Renal failure (59 %; 38/64) and high plasma urea (44 %; 28/64) were the major indications for withholding/decreasing the amino acid intake. Eighty-three percent (63/76) aimed for a dose of 2·5g–3·5 g/kg per d of parenteral lipids; about 9 % (7/76) targeted a dose of 1–2·5 g/kg per d and 4 % (3/76) for > 3·5 g/kg per d. Thirty-two percent (24/74) reported that they would withhold/decrease the dose of parenteral lipids in infants with sepsis. The variations in clinicians’ practices with respect to the use of PN in term and late preterm infants highlight the need for high-quality research in this population.
Dimensional personality impairment is associated with disruptions in intrinsic intralimbic functional connectivity
Authors: Traynor Jenna M. , Wrege Johannes S. , Walter Marc , Ruocco Anthony C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently proposed alternative dimensional models of personality disorder (PD) place the severity of impairments in self and interpersonal functioning at the core of personality pathology. However, associations of these impairments with disturbances in social, cognitive, and affective brain networks remain uninvestigated.MethodsThe present study examined patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 74 age- and sex-matched participants (45 inpatients with PD and 29 healthy controls). At a minimum, PD patients carried a diagnosis of borderline PD, although the majority of the sample had one or more additional PDs. rsFC patterns in the following networks were compared between groups and in association with dimensional personality impairments: default mode network (DMN)/core mentalization, frontolimbic, salience, and central executive. Further, the extent to which variation in rsFC was explained by levels of personality impairment as compared to typology-specific borderline PD symptom severity was explored.ResultsRelative to controls, the PD group showed disruptions in rsFC within the DMN/core mentalization and frontolimbic networks. Among PD patients, greater severity of dimensional self-interpersonal impairment was associated with stronger intralimbic rsFC. In contrast, severity of borderline PD-specific typology was not associated with any rsFC patterns.ConclusionsDisruptions in core mentalization and affective networks are present in PD. Higher intralimbic functional connectivity may underlie self-interpersonal personality impairment in PD regardless of diagnostic typology-specific PD symptoms, providing initial neurobiological evidence supporting alternative dimensional conceptualizations of personality pathology.
The bidirectional association of 24-h activity rhythms and sleep with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly persons
Authors: de Feijter Maud , Kocevska Desana , Ikram M. Arfan , Luik Annemarie I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn older populations disturbed 24-h activity rhythms, poor sleep, and depressive symptoms are often lingering and co-morbid, making treatment difficult. To improve insights into these commonly co-occurring problems, we assessed the bidirectional association of sleep and 24-h activity rhythms with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly persons.MethodsIn 1734 participants (mean age: 62.3 ± 9.3 years, 55% women) from the prospective Rotterdam Study, 24-h activity rhythms and sleep were estimated with actigraphy (mean duration: 146 ± 19.6 h), sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Repeated measures were available for 947 participants (54%) over a median follow-up of 6 years (interquartile range = 5.6–6.3). Linear-mixed models were used to assess temporal associations of 24-h activity rhythms and sleep with depressive symptoms in both directions.ResultsHigh 24-h activity rhythm fragmentation (IV) (B = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.641–1.363), long time in bed (TIB) (B = 0.111, 95% CI = 0.053–0.169), low sleep efficiency (SE) (B = −0.015, 95% CI = −0.020 to −0.009), long sleep onset latency (SOL) (B = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.006–0.012), and low self-rated sleep quality (B = 0.112, 95% CI = 0.0992–0.124) at baseline were associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. Conversely, more depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with an increasing 24-h activity rhythm fragmentation (B = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.001–0.003) and TIB (B = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.004–0.015), and a decreasing SE (B = −0.140, 95% CI = −0.196 to −0.084), SOL (B = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.008–0.018), and self-rated sleep quality (B = 0.193, 95% CI = 0.171–0.215) over time.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a bidirectional association of 24-h activity rhythms, actigraphy-estimated sleep, and self-rated sleep quality with depressive symptoms over a time frame of multiple years in middle-aged and elderly persons.
Sex-specific risk profiles for suicide mortality in bipolar disorder: incidence, healthcare utilization and comorbidity
Authors: Chen Pao-Huan , Tsai Shang-Ying , Pan Chun-Hung , Chen Yi-Lung , Chang Hu-Ming , Su Sheng-Siang , Chen Chiao-Chicy , Kuo Chian-Jue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on sex-specific incidence and comorbidity risk factors of suicide among patients with bipolar disorder is scarce. This study investigated the sex-specific risk profiles for suicide among the bipolar disorder population in terms of incidence, healthcare utilization and comorbidity.MethodsUsing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016, this nationwide cohort study included patients with bipolar disorder (N = 46 490) and individuals representative of the general population (N = 185 960) matched by age and sex at a 1:4 ratio. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) of suicide were calculated between suicide rates of bipolar disorder cohort and general population. In addition, a nested case–control study (1428 cases died by suicide and 5710 living controls) was conducted in the bipolar disorder cohort to examine the sex-specific risk of healthcare utilization and comorbidities.ResultsSuicide risk was considerably higher in the cohort (MRR = 21.9) than in the general population, especially among women (MRR = 35.6). Sex-stratified analyses revealed distinct healthcare utilization patterns and physical comorbidity risk profiles between the sexes. Although female patients who died by suicide had higher risks of nonhypertensive cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, chronic kidney disease, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, and sepsis compared to their living counterparts, male patients who died by suicide had higher risks of chronic kidney disease and sepsis compared to the living controls.ConclusionsPatients with bipolar disorder who died by suicide had sex-specific risk profiles in incidence and physical comorbidities. Identifying these modifiable risk factors may guide interventions for suicide risk reduction.
Linguistic constraint, social meaning, and multi-modal stylistic construction: Case studies from Mandarin pop songs
Authors: Lin Yuhan , Chan Marjorie K. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the sociolinguistic variable is often deemed the carrier of social meaning, recent work reveals that the strength of social meaning can interact with linguistic environments. This study provides additional evidence that the same sets of variants can index drastically different social meanings across linguistic environments. Specifically, we present two cases of linguistic stylization in Taiwanese singer Jay Chou's performance in different genres: the ‘Chinese Flavor’ ballad and hip hop. Focusing on two socially salient variables in Mandarin—rhotacization and retroflex sibilants—we argue that while in both cases, Chou adopts variants associated with standard and mainland Mandarin, they index different social meanings. The conforming linguistic use in the ‘Chinese Flavor’ ballad indexes a sense of tradition, whereas the hypercorrected forms in the hip-hop song construct an unconventional stance. The study also addresses the connections between linguistic and non-linguistic stylizations and calls for more research on the multimodal construction of style. (Social meaning, linguistic constraint, multimodal, high performance, Mandarin)*
The prevalence of diagnosed specific back pain in primary health care in Region Västra Götaland: a register study of 1.7 million inhabitants
Authors: Kruse Madeleine , Thoreson Olof 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate the one-year prevalence of diagnosed specific back pain in Region Västra Götaland, inhabiting 1.7 million people.

Designs:
A retrospective register study.

Settings:
Data from 2014 to 2019 were extracted from the VEGA register, which holds all health data from all publicly funded health care establishments in Region Västra Götaland. Aggregated data are presented as the one-year prevalence of unique individuals diagnosed with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – Tenth Revision codes representing specific back pain.

Subjects:
All inhabitants in Region Västra Götaland.

Main outcome measures:
The one-year prevalence of diagnosed specific back pain stratified by age, sex, and health care level.

Results:
In 2019, the one-year prevalence of diagnosed specific back pain in public primary health care centres was 0.82%, rehabilitation care 0.35%, and the combined increase was 156% from 2014. In specialized health care, the diagnosed prevalence during 2014–2019 has remained relatively unchanged. The prevalence was significantly higher among women in primary health care and rehabilitation care. M48.0 (spinal stenosis) and M51.1K (lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy) were the most common sub-classifications. For M48.0, prevalence increased by age, whereas M51.1K peaked within the 45–64 years category.

Conclusions:
The one-year prevalence of diagnosed specific back pain in primary health care was 1.17% in 2019 and has increased since 2014. Women were diagnosed considerably more frequently than men, which is not reflected in surgical treatment prevalence.