bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's reproductive health: monotheistic religious perspectives
Authors: Schenker J.G 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is important to those who practice reproduction techniques to learn about the different religious attitudes related to reproductive health problems. Religion exerts an influence on civil authorities in the field of reproduction such as prevention or procreation and in issues such as abortion and infertility therapy. The Jewish attitude towards reproduction can be learned from the fact that the first commandment of God to Adam was be fruitful and multiply. Judaism allows the practice of all techniques of assisted reproduction when the oocyte and sperm originate from the wife and husband, respectively. All Rabbinical rulings permit the use of contraception for medical indications. Economic difficulties and inconveniences of raising children are not indications for birth control practice. According to Judaism abortion on demand is forbidden but it may be performed if the mother's life is in danger. The attitude toward reproductive practice is different among the different divisions of Christianity. The practice of assisted reproduction is not accepted by the Vatican, however, it may be practiced by Protestant, Anglican and other Denomination's. According to the Roman Catholic doctrine the primary purpose of marriage is procreation. The contraceptive act destroys the potential of producing new life by sexual intercourse and violates the purpose of marriage and, therefore, is a sin against nature. The Christian tradition views the embryo as a human being since conception and, therefore, abortion is strictly forbidden. According to Islam, the procedure of IVF and ET is acceptable, however, it can be preformed only if it involves the husband and the wife. It allows contraception practice only under some circumstances and only in some special cases abortion can be preformed. Religion, being concerned with affairs that are regarded as extraordinary and as having unique importance in life, is an intrinsic aspect of the culture of all societies, religious groups, however, still exert influence on the civil authorities in issues of reproduction such as contraception, procreation, abortion, and infertility therapy. They have been active in pressing their bioethical positions on the public arena in pluralistic societies. Developments in science and technology in reproduction raise new religious questions that do not always have clear answers. The role of theology in bioethics is foremost to clarify for the different religious communities the perceived attitudes toward these developments. Therefore, it is important to those who practice reproduction techniques to learn about the different religious attitudes related to reproductive health problems.
Collaboration with academia in the development of vaginal microbicides
Authors: Upmalis D.H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAdvanced Care Products has been active in the development of vaginal microbicides, with public sector support. Currently, nonoxynol‐9 gel is being evaluated in two Phase‐III studies. Work has been conducted on polystyrene sulfonate, with the aim of filing an investigational new drug application (IND) in the USA. This paper discusses the challenges in development of an over‐the‐counter (OTC) product for the USA. Public sector support has been pivotal in the progress shown to date. Further challenges lie ahead, vis‐à‐vis an OTC approval.
Anticipated health effects and proposed countermeasures following the immediate introduction of telework in response to the spread of COVID-19: The findings of a rapid health impact assessment in Japan
Authors: Nagata Tomohisa , Ito Daisuke , Nagata Masako , Fujimoto Ayumi , Ito Ryotaro , Odagami Kiminori , Kajiki Shigeyuki , Uehara Masamichi , Oyama Ichiro , Dohi Seitaro , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The health effects of telework, which was introduced extensively in the immediate context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Japan, on teleworkers, their families, and non-teleworkers, are unknown. Accordingly, we developed a rapid health impact assessment (HIA) to evaluate positive and negative health effects of telework on these groups and recommended easily implementable countermeasures.

Methods
Immediately after an emergency was declared in Japan, we implemented a rapid, five-step HIA. We screened and categorized health effects of telework for the three above-mentioned groups, extracting their content, directionality, and likelihood. Following a scoping exercise to determine the HIA’s overall implementation, five experienced occupational health physicians appraised and prioritized the screened items and added new items. We outlined specific countermeasures and disseminated the results on our website. A short-term evaluation was conducted by three external occupational health physicians and three nurses.

Results
Following screening and appraisal, 59, 29, and 27 items were listed for teleworkers, non-teleworkers, and family members of teleworkers, respectively, covering work, lifestyle, disease and medical care, and home and community. Targeted countermeasures focused on the work environment, business management, communications, and lifestyles for teleworkers; safety and medical guidelines, work prioritization, and regular communication for non-teleworkers; and shared responsibilities within families and communication outside families for family members of teleworkers.

Conclusion
The HIA’s validity and the countermeasures’ practical applicability were confirmed by the external evaluators. They can be easily applied and adapted across diverse industries to mitigate the wider negative effects of telework and enhance its positive effects.
Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity for People With Scleroderma: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study
Authors: Harb Sami , Peláez Sandra , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Kwakkenbos Linda , Bartlett Susan J. , Hudson Marie , Mouthon Luc , Sauvé Maureen , Welling Joep , Shrier Ian , Thombs Brett D. ,   for the SPIN Physical Activity Enhancement Patient Advisory Team and SPIN Investigators
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo support physical activity among people with systemic sclerosis (SSc [scleroderma]), we sought to determine the prevalence and importance of barriers and the likelihood of using possible facilitators.MethodsWe invited 1,707 participants from an international SSc cohort to rate the importance of 20 barriers (14 medical, 4 social or personal, 1 lifestyle, and 1 environmental) and the likelihood of using 91 corresponding barrier‐specific and 12 general facilitators.ResultsAmong 721 respondents, 13 barriers were experienced by ≥25% of participants, including 2 barriers (fatigue and Raynaud's phenomenon) rated “important” or “very important” by ≥50% of participants, 7 barriers (joint stiffness and contractures, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal problems, difficulty grasping, pain, muscle weakness and mobility limitations, and low motivation) by 26–50%, and 4 barriers by <26%. Overall, 23 of 103 facilitators (18 medical‐related) were rated by ≥75% of participants as “likely” or “very likely” to use among those who experienced corresponding barriers. These facilitators focused on adapting exercise (e.g., using controlled, slow movement), taking care of one's body (e.g., stretching), keeping warm (e.g., wearing gloves), and protecting skin (e.g., covering ulcers). Among those participants who had previously tried the facilitator, all facilitators were rated by ≥50% as “likely” or “very likely” to use. Among those participants with the barrier who had not tried the facilitator, only 12 of 103 facilitators were rated by >50% of participants as “likely” or “very likely” to use.ConclusionMedical‐related physical activity barriers were common and considered important. Facilitators considered as most likely to be used involved adapting exercise, taking care of one's body, keeping warm, and protecting skin.
Molecular Engineering of Near‐Infrared‐II Photosensitizers with Steric‐Hindrance Effect for Image‐Guided Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Gao Shuai , Yu Sheng , Zhang Yongming , Wu Aihua , Zhang Sihang , Wei Guoguang , Wang Hao , Xiao Zeyu , Lu Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe design of photosensitizers (PSs) with fluorescence in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window remains a challenge, as the introduction of donor or acceptor units with excessively strong electron‐withdrawing or donating ability leads to longer‐wavelength emission but insufficient production of singlet oxygen (1O2). In this study, a series of acceptor‐donor‐acceptor‐donor‐acceptor‐type PSs are designed by adjusting the steric hindrance of the molecules. Compound BNET forms a dihedral angle of 88° with a nearly vertically twisted backbone to show that the intensity of local emission in the first near‐infrared (750–900 nm) region declines in the aggregated state, while the emission peaks of twisted intramolecular charge transfer span over 1000 nm with significant enhancement. The albumin‐bound NIR‐II PS nanoparticles exhibit efficient 1O2 generation, good photostability and biocompatibility, and negligible dark toxicity. The nanoparticles demonstrate high specific NIR‐II fluorescence imaging of tumor lesions as well as effective image‐guided photodynamic therapy in mice bearing orthotopic colon cancer or pancreatic cancer. The designed NIR‐II PS nanoparticles show great potential for biomedical applications.
Intermediate‐Adduct‐Assisted Growth of Stable CsPbI2Br Inorganic Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Min , Cao Fengren , Wang Meng , Deng Kaimo , Li Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThanks to the tunable bandgap and excellent photoelectric characteristics, perovskites have been widely used in semitransparent solar cells (ST‐SCs). Most works present unsatisfactory power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) through reducing the thickness of the perovskite films because there is a trade‐off between PCE and average visible transmittance (AVT). As a consequence, most PCEs are less than 12% when the AVT is higher than 20% due to the limited voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current (Jsc). Herein, a strategy of intermediate adduct (IMAT) engineering is developed to improve the film quality of the inorganic perovskite CsPbI2Br, which is a challenging issue to limit its performance of efficiency and stability. A normal n–i–p‐structured PSC based on the optimal CsPbI2Br film delivers a PCE of 16.02% with excellent stability. Furthermore, through optimizing the electrode type and interface, the ST‐PSC shows a high Voc larger than 1.2 V and the PCE reaches 14.01% and 10.36% under an AVT of 31.7% and 40.9%, respectively. This is the first demonstration of a CsPbI2Br ST‐PSC, and it outperforms most of other types of perovskites.
Strain‐Engineering Induced Anisotropic Crystallite Orientation and Maximized Carrier Mobility for High‐Performance Microfiber‐Based Organic Bioelectronic Devices
Authors: Kim Youngseok , Noh Hyebin , Paulsen Bryan D. , Kim Jiwoong , Jo Il‐Young , Ahn HyungJu , Rivnay Jonathan , Yoon Myung‐Han 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of carrier mobility, recent research efforts have been mainly focused on the improvement of volumetric capacitance in order to maximize the figure‐of‐merit, μC* (product of carrier mobility and volumetric capacitance), for high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors. Herein, high‐performance microfiber‐based organic electrochemical transistors with unprecedentedly large μC* using highly ordered crystalline poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) microfibers with very high carrier mobilities are reported. The strain engineering via uniaxial tension is employed in combination with solvent‐mediated crystallization in the course of drying coagulated fibers, resulting in the permanent preferential alignment of crystalline PEDOT:PSS domains along the fiber direction, which is verified by atomic force microscopy and transmission wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The resultant strain‐engineered microfibers exhibit very high carrier mobility (12.9 cm2 V−1 s−1) without the trade‐off in volumetric capacitance (122 F cm−3) and hole density (5.8 × 1020 cm−3). Such advantageous electrical and electrochemical characteristics offer the benchmark parameter of μC* over ≈1500 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, which is the highest metric ever reported in the literature and can be beneficial for realizing a new class of substrate‐free fibrillar and/or textile bioelectronics in the configuration of electrochemical transistors and/or electrochemical ion pumps.
Ultrahigh Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on 3D‐Printed Hollow Microstructures for Electronic Skins
Authors: Xia Tiancheng , Yu Rui , Yuan Jun , Yi Chenqi , Ma Lijun , Liu Feng , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHere, ultrahigh sensitivity flexible pressure sensors comprised of 3D‐printing flexible hollow microstructure substrates, gold film spray‐coated on the substrates, and Ag interdigital electrodes are reported. The finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the hollow microcylinder structure has better compression performance compared to solid microcylinder structure. Diverse solid and hollow microstructures, such as microcylinder, microsawtooth, and microrectangle structures are built to investigate the performance difference. The sensitivity of the sensor with hollow microcylinder structure is nearly 100% higher than that of the solid microcylinder structure sensor. By comparing the sensors with different spray‐coating time of Au nanoparticles, the influence of electrode microcrack on sensitivity is revealed. The flexible hollow microcylinder structure sensor with electrode microcrack effect shows ultrahigh sensitivity of 419.622 kPa−1 in the ultralow pressure range (< 100 Pa), rapid response time (30.76 ms), and recovery time (15.17 ms). To show the great performance of the sensor, it is used to detect human physiological signals such as cheek bulging, throat swallowing, and artery pulse. To realize the spatial sensing resolution, a 3 × 4 pressure sensor array is fabricated. The applications of the sensor may pave the way in human physiological signals monitoring and electronic skins in the future.
Naphthalimide‐Based Fluorescent Polymers for Molecular Detection
Authors: Oshchepkov Aleksandr S. , Oshchepkov Maxim S. , Oshchepkova Margarita V. , Al‐Hamry Ammar , Kanoun Olfa , Kataev Evgeny A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe beginning of the 21st century was marked by the intensive development of fiber‐optic sensors. New functional materials with excellent sensory properties are required to design such sensors. Fluorescent probes for neutral and charged molecules are constantly developing. However, only a small part of the reported probes was successfully converted into functional sensing polymers and found real‐world applications. A great challenge is to retain the sensing properties of a probe in a polymer matrix. The purpose of this review is to understand how properties of a probe are changed upon incorporation into a polymer and to reveal successful approaches. The review focuses on the use of the naphthalimide‐based probes in the construction of sensing polymers. The literature overview is presented according to the nature of the guest molecules targeted for the quantitative detection: cations, anions, and small organic molecules.
Recent Advances in the Preparations and Synthetic Applications of Oxaziridines and Diaziridines
Authors: Ravindra Sundaresan , Irfana Jesin C. P. , Shabashini Arivalagan , Nandi Ganesh Chandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxaziridines and diaziridines have been used as versatile intermediates due to their high ring strain as well as the reactive C−O/N bond, for the synthesis of diverse range of nitrogen containing compounds. In the past few decades, numerous novel and handy methodologies on the preparations and utilizations of both the oxaziridines and diaziridines have been developed. In spite of few published reviews in the area (almost a decade back), the synthetic communities have made tremendous progress in their preparations and utilizations. This review has demonstrated the comprehensive advancement in the chemistry of oxaziridines and diaziridines for the last few years (almost a decade).magnified image
Ultrafine MoP Nanoparticle Splotched Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets Enabling High‐Performance 3D‐Printed Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zong Wei , Chui Ningbo , Tian Zhihong , Li Yuying , Yang Chao , Rao Dewei , Wang Wei , Huang Jiajia , Wang Jingtao , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSize engineering is deemed to be an adoptable method to boost the electrochemical properties of potassium‐ion storage; however, it remains a critical challenge to significantly reduce the nanoparticle size without compromising the uniformity. In this work, a series of MoP nanoparticle splotched nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (MoP@NC) is synthesized. Due to the coordinate and hydrogen bonds in the water‐soluble polyacrylamide hydrogel, MoP is uniformly confined in a 3D porous NC to form ultrafine nanoparticles which facilitate the extreme exposure of abundant three‐phase boundaries (MoP, NC, and electrolyte) for ionic binding and storage. Consequently, MoP@NC‐1 delivers an excellent capacity performance (256.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and long‐term cycling durability (89.9% capacitance retention after 800 cycles). It is further confirmed via density functional theory calculations that the smaller the MoP nanoparticle, the larger the three‐phase boundary achieved for favoring competitive binding energy toward potassium ions. Finally, MoP@NC‐1 is applied as highly electroactive additive for 3D printing ink to fabricate 3D‐printed potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors, which delivers high gravimetric energy/power density of 69.7 Wh kg−1/2041.6 W kg−1, as well as favorable areal energy/power density of 0.34 mWh cm−2/9.97 mW cm−2.
Aggregation‐induced emission materials for nonlinear optics
Authors: Han Xiao , Ge Fei , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a vital photophysical phenomenon that the luminogens in the concentrated or aggregated cases will engender the dramatically boosted emission in comparison with the dispersive states. Given this extraordinary emitting capacity exactly resolves the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) situations residing in the traditional luminophores, the booming AIE luminogens have drawn tremendous interest owing to their advanced performances and colossal potential applications in various areas. Further exploitations of AIE molecules also drive the research interests in the midst of these AIE materials toward the nonlinear optical (NLO) regime. The combination of AIE and NLO effects have nurtured some unforeseen properties of AIE materials and extended their application spheres. Therefore, some NLO‐active AIE materials have been wielded in many crucial applications, for example, optical limiting, laser, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, the impacts of aggregate on the NLO effect also deserve deep considerations and pursuits, and the modifications of aggregates promise an easy, efficient, and prompt avenue to tune the NLO properties of materials. The recent achievements and progress in the NLO properties of AIE materials have been summarized in this review. The second‐order and third‐order NLOs of the AIE materials have been introduced and their correlative applications have been discussed.
Deal–Grove model revisited for a new insight into the oxidation of molten aluminum alloy: The A356 alloy, as a model system
Authors: Patouillet Kévin , Davoust Laurent , Doche Olivier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxidation of A356 aluminum alloy at molten state is investigated from thermogravimetric analyses. Linear kinetics followed by unexpected logarithmic kinetics is observed during the oxidation process. Scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses reveal a heterogeneous oxide layer composed of spinel (MgAl2O4) embedded in a nonoxidized alloy matrix. Nonlinear diffusion of magnesium through the heterogeneous oxide layer is the key mechanism proposed to explain the logarithmic kinetics. The growth of spinel phase causes a growing complexification of the aluminum network through which magnesium is diffusing. To model the magnesium transport through the oxide layer, an effective diffusion coefficient, build from the pioneering approach developed by Davies et al. (Davies, D., Evans, U. & Agar, J. (1954) Proc. Roy. Soc. London. A., 225, 443), is introduced in the Deal–Grove model.
An Examination of Downward Drift as an Explanation of the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Residence in Unhealthy Neighborhoods in Adulthood: The Role of Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Schuck Amie M. , Chauhan Preeti , Spatz Widom Cathy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study sought to determine whether downward drift explains relationships among childhood maltreatment, psychiatric disorders, and residence in unhealthy neighborhoods. Using data from a prospective cohort design study, individuals with court substantiated cases of child abuse and/neglect (ages 0–11 during the years 1967–1971) and matched controls were followed up in adulthood. Mental health symptoms and neighborhood disadvantage were measured in young (Mage = 29) and middle adulthood (Mage = 40). Physical disorder and social cohesion were also measured in middle adulthood. Childhood maltreatment increased risk for more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and illicit drug use in young adulthood and depression and anxiety in middle adulthood. Childhood maltreatment negatively impacted neighborhood residence in young and middle adulthood, increasing a person’s risk of living in neighborhoods with higher levels of physical disorder and economic disadvantage, and lower levels of social cohesion. Neighborhood disadvantage in young adulthood did not increase risk for psychiatric symptoms in middle adulthood. With one exception, neighborhood disadvantage earlier in life, not psychiatric symptoms, helped explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment and living in unhealthy neighborhoods. The negative impact of childhood maltreatment was evident earlier in life and continued into middle adulthood.