bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the lived experience of patients with left ventricular assist devices during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative analysis
Authors: Trenta Alessia Martina , Belloni Silvia , Ausili Davide , Caruso Rosario , Arrigoni Cristina , Russo Sara , Moro Massimo , Vellone Ercole , Dellafiore Federica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 outbreak, patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) faced several changes in their daily life. However, the effects of these changes on the patients’ lived experiences are not still investigated.

Aims
The current study explored the lived experience of people with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 outbreak, people with LVADs faced several changes in their daily life. However, the effects of these changes on the patients’ lived experiences are not still investigated.

Methods and results
Qualitative data analysis was conducted employing the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Eight male participants with LVAD aged from 65 to 82 were interviewed. Overall, two main themes (‘Worsening of psychological distress’ and ‘Moving forward’) and eight sub-themes emerged from the qualitative analysis.

Conclusions
People with LVADs experienced feelings of worry and solitude related to the risk of being infected or not receiving adequate treatment due to changes in the healthcare system during the pandemic; however, they managed to move forward with their lives using different strategies for dealing with the difficult situation.
Industrial unrest in France 1917–1918, the Loire and the Isère
Authors: Sorrie Charles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In May 1918, a strike movement began in Paris and swiftly spread throughout much of the country. The strikes came at a time of heightened military danger and were promptly suppressed by the Clemenceau Government. Whereas a more widespread French labour unrest in 1917 had concentrated on wage demands, in 1918 the strikes were initiated by the radical far left of the Confédération générale du travail (CGT, France’s largest labour union) and were marked by internationalist and pacifist demands. In the months leading up to the spring of 1918, radical labour leaders in the Loire and the Isère were encouraged by federal colleagues in the CGT and its radical affiliate, the Comité de défense syndicaliste (CDS), to prepare for a series of general strikes. The launching of the Ludendorff Offensives, however, persuaded the CDS to postpone a coordinated national general strike until after the military emergency subsided. Labour leaders in the Loire and the Isère disregarded these directives and launched strikes in May and June that alienated local labour movements from their already tenuous political support from Paris. Using materials from both departmental and national archives, this study examines the political dynamics which precipitated and then accelerated the appointment of far-left radicals to leadership positions within the labour movements of the Loire and much of the Isère. It argues that the industrial significance of both areas, the anarcho-syndicalist rhetoric of local union leaders, poorly timed strike actions and the Clemenceau Government’s uncompromising jusqu’au boutisme worked together as factors to condemn this understudied movement to failure.
Rapid Analysis of Trace Phthalates by Spray-Inlet Microwave Plasma Torch Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Commercial Perfumes
Authors: Miao Meng , Zhao Gaosheng , Cheng Ping , Li Jia , Zhang Jingyi , Pan Hongzhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The less volatile fraction of perfumes is susceptible to contamination by phthalate esters (PAEs), which are endocrine-disrupting chemicals encountered during the production, bottling, and transportation processes. There is a need to establish an innovative and rapid method for the determination of trace PAEs in commercial perfumes.

Objective
Therefore, self-built spray-inlet microwave plasma torch (MPT) ionization coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) tandem MS (MS/MS) was developed for the direct analysis of PAEs in perfumes without sample pretreatment.

Methods
Perfumes were sprayed directly onto the flame of the MPT by means of a sampling pump at a rate of 10 µL/min and the ions produced by the MPT were introduced into the QTOF-MS equipment with the MPT operating at 2450 MHz and 40 W at a flow rate of 800 ml/min of argon.

Results
For the established method, excellent linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9799 for di-n-pentyl phthalate and of greater than 0.99 for the other substances tested. The LOD and LOQ obtained were in the ranges of 1.452–18.96 and 4.839–63.19 ng/g, respectively. The spiked recoveries of PAEs ranged from 100.1 to 105.2% with satisfactory intraday RSDs and interday RSDs ranging from 1.51 to 4.34% and 3.45 to 5.65%, respectively. PAEs in commercial perfumes were successfully detected by spray-inlet MPT-MS/MS with low concentrations ranging from 0.036 to 1.352 µg/g.

Conclusions
The method is a promising tool for the on-site analysis of PAEs in cosmetic solutions requiring rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Highlights
The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the commercial perfume samples within 30 s, and displayed the merits of simplicity, sensitivity, environmental friendliness and ease of operation.
10 The Impact of Global Disasters on Our Pets: Lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Protopopova Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic provided a unique insight into the impacts of global disasters on pet ownership and companion animal services. This talk will review research on the impacts of various stages of the pandemic on the human-animal relationship, surprising increases in the adoption of pets from animal shelters around the world, and the potential reasons for those increases. I will also present new research on the impact of the pandemic on pet support services within the city of Vancouver, Canada, that will highlight the complex relationships between vulnerable human populations, the city’s response to the pandemic, and pet care. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its associated economic impact, have completely re-shaped the field of animal sheltering and companion animal support services. In addition to being recognized as an essential service, animal shelter and veterinary staff were confronted with the need to identify only necessary operations to ensure care of animals and their communities without the risk of contracting and transmitting the virus. As a result, emergent animal sheltering trends now emphasize community-based approaches, abolishing harmful discriminative practices, and aiming to keep pets and their original owners together – all from the framework of One Health/ One Welfare. As global disasters are projected to increase in frequency due to climate change, a better understanding of impacts on the human-animal bond and support services will ensure that we can be better prepared for the future.
14 Genome-wide Association Studies of Disease Resilience Traits from a Natural Polymicrobial Disease Challenge in Pigs
Authors: Cheng Jian , Fernando Rohan , Cheng Hao , Kachman Stephen D , Lim KyuSang , Harding John , Dyck Michael , Fortin Frederic , Plastow Graham , Dekkers Jack C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Infectious diseases cause tremendous financial loss in the pork industry, emphasizing the importance of disease resilience, which is the ability of an animal to maintain performance under disease. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resilience based on both univariate and bivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Data used were late nursery and finisher growth rates and clinical disease phenotypes, including medical treatment and mortality rates, subjective health scores, feed and water intake traits and carcass traits, collected on 50 batches of 60 or 75 crossbred (LRxY) barrows under a polymicrobial natural disease challenge. Multiple QTL were detected for all traits. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (22–25 Mb on chromosome 7) was found to be associated with multiple traits, including late nursery and finisher growth rates, average daily feed intake and intake rate, average daily water dispensed, water intake duration, and number of visits to the drinker. The MHC region explained ~13% of genetic variance for late nursery growth rate. Further fine mapping identified four QTL in the MHC region for late nursery growth rate that spanned the class I, II, and III regions. Gene set enrichment analyses found genomic regions associated with resilience phenotypes to be enriched for previously identified disease susceptibility and immune capacity QTL, for genes that were differentially expressed following bacterial or virus infection and immune response, and for gene ontology terms related to immune and inflammatory response. In conclusion, MHC and other QTL identified play an important role in host response to infectious diseases and can be incorporated in selection to improve disease resilience. Funded by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, USDA-NIFA, and PigGen Canada.
20 Profiling circRNA and lncRNA Expression in Key Bovine Metabolic Tissues
Authors: Wang Jian , Sun Hui-Zeng , O’Hara Eóin , Chen Hong , Guan Leluo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
CircRNAs and lncRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate many biological processes at the cellular level. However, knowledge of their function and expression patterns in cattle remains scarce. We investigated circRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in four key metabolic tissues of beef cattle (rumen, liver, muscle, and subcutaneous adipose) using RNA-Seq. Bioinformatic analysis of 189 samples collected from 48 cattle identified 19,766 circRNAs and 10,615 lncRNAs across all four tissues. PCA revealed the expression profiles of both circ- and lncRNA were clearly separated by tissue, suggesting their expression patterns are tissue dependent. Moreover, both datasets contained large numbers of transcripts that were unique to each tissue, underlining the divergence in function across metabolic sites. Further functional analysis of tissue specific circRNAs using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that lysine degradation, peroxisome, insulin resistance, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis unique to the rumen, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, respectively. The same analysis of the lncRNAs revealed that purine metabolism, fatty acid degradation, cAMP signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were uniquely enriched in the rumen, liver, muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissues, respectively. Together, these results revealed tissue specific metabolic pathways that may be regulated by the multiple non-coding RNAs. More specifically, circDLG1 and lncMSTRG.12092.8 were predicted to regulate the expression of Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Family Member G5B (LY6G5B) and pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM), Adenylate Kinase 1 (AK1), and Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), respectively, indicating regulatory roles in host immune response, glycolysis, energy balance control, and mitochondrial fusion, all of which may contribute to regulation of energy metabolism. Our findings show that expression profiles of circRNAs and lncRNAs differ among metabolic tissues, and these transcripts may play crucial roles in regulating metabolism in cattle.
26 Are Subjectively Scored Linear Type Traits Suitable Predictors of Genetic Merit for Feed Intake in Grazing Holstein-friesian Dairy Cows?
Authors: Williams Maeve , Murphy Craig P , Sleator Roy D , Ring Siobhan C , Berry Donagh P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Measuring dry matter intake (DMI) in grazing dairy cows using currently available techniques is invasive, time consuming, and expensive. An alternative to directly measuring DMI for use in genetic evaluations is to identify a set of readily available data sources that can be used in a multi-trait genetic evaluation with DMI. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the genetic correlations between readily available body-related linear type trait information and DMI in grazing, lactating Irish dairy cows and to estimate the partial genetic correlations between linear traits and DMI, after adjusting for differences in genetic merit for body weight. After edits, a total of 8,055 test-day records of DMI, body weight, and milk yield from 1,331 multiparous dairy cows were available, as were chest width, body depth, and stature scores for 47,141 first lactation dairy cows. In addition to considering the routinely recorded linear type traits individually, novel traits were defined as the product of two or three linear type traits as an approximation of rumen volume. The genetic variance of DMI, body weight, milk yield, and linear type traits were estimated using univariate animal linear mixed models. Sire linear mixed models were used to calculate genetic and phenotypic covariances. All linear type traits were moderately heritable (0.27 to 0.49) and genetically correlated (0.29 to 0.63) with DMI. The genetic correlations between the individual linear type traits and DMI, when the latter was adjusted for differences in the genetic merit for body weight, varied from 0.00 to 0.39. If the (partial) genetic correlations were validated with genetic evaluations, routinely available linear type trait records and live weight data could facilitate the selection of DMI in dairy cows, removing the need to capture large amounts of cost prohibitive feed intake phenotypes.
36 Effect of Blending and Tuning Relationship Matrices in Single-step Genomic BLUP
Authors: McWhorter Taylor M , Garcia Andre , Bermann Matias , Legarra Andres , Aguilar Ignacio , Misztal Ignacy , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) relies on the combination of genomic (G) and pedigree relationships for all (A) and genotyped animals (A22). The procedure implemented in the BLUPF90 software suite first involves combining a small percentage of A22 into G (blending) to avoid singularity problems, then an adjustment to account for the fact the genetic base in G and A22 is different (tuning). However, blending before tuning may not reflect the actual difference between pedigree and genomic base because the blended matrix already contains a portion of A22. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tuning before blending on predictivity, bias, and inflation of GEBV, indirect predictions (IP), and SNP effects from ssGBLUP using American Angus and US Holstein data. We used four different scenarios to obtain genomic predictions: BlendFirst_TunedG2, TuneFirst_TunedG2, BlendFirst_TunedG4, and TuneFirst_TunedG4. TunedG2 adjusts mean diagonals and off-diagonals of G to be similar to the ones in A22, whereas TunedG4 adjusts based on the fixation index. Over 6 million growth records were available for Angus and 5.9 million udder depth records for Holsteins. Genomic information was available on 51,478 Angus and 105,116 Holstein animals. Predictivity and reliability were obtained for 19,056 and 1,711 validation Angus and Holsteins, respectively. We observed the same predictivity and reliability for GEBV or IP in all four scenarios, ranging from 0.47 to 0.60 for Angus and was 0.67 for Holsteins. Slightly less bias was observed when tuning was done before blending. Correlation of SNP effects between scenarios was &gt; 0.99. Refined tuning before blending had no impact on GEBV and marginally reduced the bias. This option will be implemented in the BLUPF90 software suite.
40 Factors Influencing Accuracy of Genomic Selection with Sequence Information
Authors: Misztal Ignacy , Pocrnic Ivan , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Incorporating the sequence information only marginally increases the accuracy of genomic selection. The purpose of this study was to find out why by examining profiles of Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTN). Multiple populations were simulated with different effective population sizes and number of animals. 100 equidistant QTN with identical substitution effects were included in 50k SNP genotypes. Analyses were by single-step GBLUP, with solutions converted to SNP values and subsequently to p-values for each SNP. Manhattan plots for standardized SNP solutions were noisy and were elevated only for few QTNs. Manhattan plots for p-values were similar to those for SNP solutions, indicating little impact of population structure. The number of significant QTN was lower with lower effective population size and increased with larger data; at most about 20% of QTNs were detected. A QTN profile was created by averaging SNP solutions ±100 SNP around each QTN. The profile showed a normal-like response but with a distinct peak for the QTN. While the peak was higher with more data and higher effective population size, the normal-like response was smaller with higher effective population size. QTNs explained little variance because of shrinkage. The accuracy of genomic selection would be 100% if all QTNs are identified and their variances known, to prevent shrinking or inflation. This study allows to see limits of application of QTN from sequence data for genomic selection. If all causative SNP are included in the data, only a fraction of them can be identified even under a very simplistic architecture. As variance of QTN are assumed constant or are crude approximations (like in BayesR), the estimated QTN effects are inaccurate. Additional complications in QTN detection are close-spaced QTN and false QTNs due to imputation. Small effective population size allows the genomic selection by GBLUP but complicates the use of QTNs.
41 Using Sequence Data to Increase Accuracy of Genomic Predictions in Livestock: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Lourenco Daniela , Tsuruta Shogo , Jang Sungbong , Fragomeni Breno O , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As sequence data is becoming available for many livestock species, there is a question on whether this information can help to boost the accuracy of genomic predictions beyond what has already been achieved with SNP chips. Several studies have been conducted by our group using simulated and real livestock populations that included from 1,000 to 100,000 animals with full or imputed sequence information. For the real datasets, the potential causative variants were identified based on genome-wide association (GWA) and were added to the current SNP chips. Additional scenarios included the use of only causative variants and the use of all sequence SNP. Genomic predictions were obtained based on single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), and in some cases, Bayesian regressions. Overall, in real datasets, we observed no significant increase in accuracy by using all sequence SNP, causative variants alone, or combined with SNP currently used for genomic prediction. However, an increase in accuracy of almost 100% was observed in simulated datasets when the causative variants were added to a 60k SNP panel and their simulated variances were accounted for by the prediction model. Our results show that if true causative variants are identified, together with their position and the variance explained, a boost in accuracy can be observed. This raises a question on the effectiveness of the methods and size of the datasets used to select causative variants in real livestock populations. We observed distinct GWA methods work differently depending on the data structure, and the number of genotyped animals with phenotypes. The combination of large-scale sequence and other layers of omics data (e.g., functional data) can help to identify some of the true causative variants. This could possibly promote an increase in the accuracy of genomic predictions in real populations.
529 Late-Breaking: Effects of in Ovo Injection of High Yield Broilers with Nicotinamide Riboside on Pectoralis Major Morphometrics, Muscle Fiber Density, and mRNA Expression
Authors: Xu Xiaoxing , Alcocer Hanna M , Gravely Morgan E , Turner Kari K , Gonzalez John M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of in ovo injection of high yield broilers with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on broiler pectoralis major muscle (PMM) development, growth, and mRNA expression. Fertilized Cobb 700 broiler eggs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a 2×2 factorial design with NR dose (DOS; 0 or 2.5 mM) and injection location (LOC; albumen or yolk) as main effects. Eggs were injected with their assigned treatment at d 10 of incubation. Day-15 and -18 embryos and hatched chicks were euthanized, right PMM and muscle fiber morphometric measurements were collected, and left PMM were utilized for mRNA expression analysis of sirtuin-1 and cyclin D1, 2 and 3. There were no LOC×DOS interactions or main effects for d-15 and -18 PMM measurements (P &gt; 0.23). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick PMM weight and length, and muscle fiber density (P &lt; 0.04). When NR was injected into the albumen, PMM weight decreased (P = 0.02) and length and fiber density were unaffected (P &gt; 0.33), while PMM weight and fiber density increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P &lt; 0.05). There were no LOC×DOS interactions for all genes analyzed for d-15 and 18-embryos (P &gt; 0.23), but NR embryos had greater expression of all genes (P &lt; 0.03) except d-18 cyclin-D2 (P = 0.08). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick expression of all genes (P &lt; 0.04). There was no difference in sirturin-1 expression when chicks were injected with 0 mM NR, but 2.5-mM yolk chicks had greater expression than 2.5-mM albumen chicks. When NR was injected into the albumen, expression of all cyclins was unaffected (P &gt; 0.08), while expression increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P &lt; 0.01). Increased expression of sirturin-1 and the cyclins may be responsible for NR catalyzed increase in PMM weight and fiber density.
44 Accuracy of Genomic Predictions over Time in Broilers
Authors: Hidalgo Jorge , Lourenco Daniela , Tsuruta Shogo , Masuda Yutaka , Breen Vivian , Hawken Rachel , Bermann Matias , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this research were to investigate trends for accuracy of genomic predictions over time in a broiler population accumulating data, and to test if data from distant generations are useful in maintaining the accuracy of genomic predictions in selection candidates. The data contained 820k phenotypes for a growth trait (GROW), 200k for two feed efficiency traits (FE1 and FE2), and 42k for a dissection trait (DT). The pedigree included 1.2M animals across 7 years, over 100k from the last 4 years were genotyped. Accuracy was calculated by the linear regression method. Before genotypes became available for training populations, accuracy was nearly stable despite the accumulation of phenotypes and pedigrees. When the first year of genomic data was included in the training population, accuracy increased 56, 77, 39, and 111% for GROW, FE1, FE2, and DT, respectively. With genomic information, the accuracies increased every year except the last one, when they declined for GROW and FE2. The decay of accuracy over time was evaluated in progeny, grand-progeny, and great-grand-progeny of training populations. Without genotypes, the average decline in accuracy across traits was 41% from progeny to grand-progeny, and 19% from grand-progeny to great-grand-progeny. Whit genotypes, the average decline across traits was 14% from progeny to grand-progeny, and 2% from grand-progeny to great-grand-progeny. The accuracies in the last 3 generations were the same when the training population included 5 or 2 years of data, and a marginal decrease was observed when the training population included only 1 year of data. Training sets including genomic information provided an increased accuracy and persistence of genomic predictions compared to training sets without genomic data. The two most recent years of data were enough to maintain the accuracy of predictions in selection candidates.