bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meditation training modulates brain electric microstates and felt states of awareness
Authors: Zanesco Anthony P. , Skwara Alea C. , King Brandon G. , Powers Chivon , Wineberg Kezia , Saron Clifford D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeditation practice is believed to foster states of mindful awareness and mental quiescence in everyday life. If so, then the cultivation of these qualities with training ought to leave its imprint on the activity of intrinsic functional brain networks. In an intensive longitudinal study, we investigated associations between meditation practitioners' experiences of felt mindful awareness and changes in the spontaneous electrophysiological dynamics of functional brain networks. Experienced meditators were randomly assigned to complete 3 months of full‐time training in focused‐attention meditation (during an initial intervention) or to serve as waiting‐list controls and receive training second (during a later intervention). We collected broadband electroencephalogram (EEG) during rest at the beginning, middle, and end of the two training periods. Using a data‐driven approach, we segmented the EEG into a time series of transient microstate intervals based on clustering of topographic voltage patterns. Participants also provided daily reports of felt mindful awareness and mental quiescence, and reported daily on four experiential qualities of their meditation practice during training. We found that meditation training led to increases in mindful qualities of awareness, which corroborate contemplative accounts of deepening mental calm and attentional focus. We also observed reductions in the strength and duration of EEG microstates across both interventions. Importantly, changes in the dynamic sequencing of microstates were associated with daily increases in felt attentiveness and serenity during training. Our results connect shifts in subjective qualities of meditative experience with the large‐scale dynamics of whole brain functional EEG networks at rest.
Investigating sea‐state effects on flash flood hydrograph and inundation forecasting
Authors: Papaioannou George , Varlas George , Papadopoulos Anastasios , Loukas Athanasios , Katsafados Petros , Dimitriou Elias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA common source of uncertainty in flood inundation forecasting is the hydrograph used. Given the role of sea‐air‐hydro‐land chain processes on the water cycle, flood hydrographs in coastal areas can be indirectly affected by sea state. This study investigates sea‐state effects on precipitation, discharge, and flood inundation forecasting implementing atmospheric, ocean wave, hydrological, and hydraulic‐hydrodynamic coupled models. The Chemical Hydrological Atmospheric Ocean wave System (CHAOS) was used for coupled hydro‐meteorological‐wave simulations ‘accounting’ or ‘not accounting’ the impact of sea state on precipitation and, subsequently, on flood hydrograph. CHAOS includes the WRF‐Hydro hydrological model and the WRF‐ARW meteorological model two‐way coupled with the WAM wave model through the OASIS3‐MCT coupler. Subsequently, the 2D HEC‐RAS hydraulic‐hydrodynamic model was forced by the flood hydrographs and map the inundated areas. A flash flood event occurred on 15 November 2017 in Mandra, Attica, Greece, causing 24 fatalities, and damages was selected as case study. The calibration of models was performed exploiting historical flood records and previous studies. Human interventions such as hydraulic works and the urban areas were included in the hydraulic modelling geometry domain. The representation of the resistance caused by buildings was based on Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) data while the local elevation rise method was used in the urban‐flood simulation. The flood extent results were assessed using the Critical Success Index (CSI), and CSI penalize. Integrating sea‐state affected the forecast of precipitation and discharge peaks, causing up to +24% and from −8% to +36% differences, respectively, improving inundation forecast by 4.5% and flooding additional approximately 70 building blocks. The precipitation forcing time step was also highlighted as significant factor in such a small‐scale flash flood. The integrated multidisciplinary methodological approach could be adopted in operational forecasting for civil protection applications facilitating the protection of socio‐economic activities and human lives during similar future events.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0005397 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the miR‐326/PDK2 axis
Authors: Gong Jianzhuang , Du Chenxu , Sun Nai , Xiao Xingguo , Wu Huili 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0005397 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been fully elucidated.MethodsHemotoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess histological changes. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0005397, miR‐326 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) were measured by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit‐8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Caspase‐3 activity was determined by a caspase‐3 activity kit. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. A western blot assay was performed to measure the expression of cyclin D1, p21, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, PDK2 and PCNA. The interaction between miR‐326 and hsa_circ_0005397 or PDK2 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays. Xenograft tumor models were established to confirm the role of hsa_circ_0005397 in vivo.ResultsHsa_circ_0005397 and PDK2 were up‐regulated, whereas miR‐326 was down‐regulated in HCC tissues and cells. Hsa_circ_0005397 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis. miR‐326 was a direct target of hsa_circ_0005397, and inhibition of miR‐326 reversed the inhibitory effect of hsa_circ_0005397 silencing on HCC progression. Moreover, PDK2 was a direct target of miR‐326 and PDK2 overexpression abated the anti‐cancer roles of miR‐326 in HCC. Additionally, hsa_circ_0005397 regulated PDK2 expression by sponging miR‐326. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0005397 down‐regulation suppressed tumor growth by up‐regulating miR‐326 and down‐regulating PDK2.ConclusionsHsa_circ_0005397 facilitates HCC progression by regulating the miR‐326/PDK2 axis, providing a promising circRNA‐targeted therapy for HCC.
HMGB1: An overview of its roles in the pathogenesis of liver disease
Authors: Ni Yuan-Ao , Chen Hui , Nie Hao , Zheng Bing , Gong Quan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant architectural chromosomal protein that has multiple biologic functions: gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA-damage repair, and cell signaling for inflammation. HMGB1 can be released passively by necrotic cells or secreted actively by activated immune cells into the extracellular milieu after injury. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate the innate inflammatory response to infection and injury by communicating with neighboring cells through binding to specific cell-surface receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Numerous studies have suggested HMGB1 to act as a key protein mediating the pathogenesis of chronic and acute liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide a detailed review that focuses on the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.
Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil
Authors: Eisen Ana Karolina Antunes , Gularte Juliana Schons , Demoliner Meriane , de Abreu Goés Pereira Vyctoria Malayhka , Heldt Fágner Henrique , Filippi Micheli , de Almeida Paula Rodrigues , Hansen Alana Witt , Fleck Juliane Deise , Spilki Fernando Rosado 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the arrival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Brazil in February 2020, several preventive measures were taken by the population aiming to avoid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection including the use of masks, social distancing, and frequent hand washing then, these measures may have contributed to preventing infection also by other respiratory viruses. Our goal was to determine the frequencies of Influenza A and B viruses (FLUAV/FLUBV), human mastadenovirus C (HAdV‐C), Enterovirus 68 (EV‐68), and rhinovirus (RV) besides SARS‐CoV‐2 among hospitalized patients suspect of COVID‐19 with cases of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) in the period of March to December 2020 and to detect possible coinfections among them. Nucleic acid detection was performed using reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in respiratory samples using naso‐oropharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage. A total of 418 samples of the 987 analyzed (42.3%) were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 16 (1.62%) samples were positive for FLUAV, no sample was positive for FLUBV or EV‐68, 67 (6.78%) samples were positive for HAdV‐C, 55 samples were positive for RV 1/2 (26.3%) and 37 for RV 2/2 (13.6%). Coinfections were also detected, including a triple coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2, FLUAV, and HAdV‐C. In the present work, a very low frequency of FLUV was reported among hospitalized patients with ARDS compared to the past years, probably due to preventive measures taken to avoid COVID‐19 and the high influenza vaccination coverage in the region in which this study was performed.
Viral community acquired pneumonia at the emergency department: Report from the pre COVID‐19 age
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , Pierangeli Alessandra , Cedrone Maria Civita , Di Biagio Valentina , Gentile Massimo , Leonardi Annalisa , Valeriano Camilla , Innocenti Giuseppe Pietro , Santinelli Letizia , Borrazzo Cristian , Russo Alessandro , Oliveto Giuseppe , Viscido Agnese , Ciccozzi Massimo , Bertazzoni Giuliano , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Ceccarelli Giancarlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe role of viruses in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been largely underestimated in the pre‐coronavirus disease 2019 age. However, during flu seasonal early identification of viral infection in CAP is crucial to guide treatment and in‐hospital management. Though recommended, the routine use of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) to detect viral infection has been poorly scaled‐up, especially in the emergency department (ED). This study sought to assess the prevalence and associated clinical outcomes of viral infections in patients with CAP during peak flu season. In this retrospective, observational study adults presenting at the ED of our hospital (Rome, Italy) with CAP from January 15th to February 22th, 2019 were enrolled. Each patient was tested on admission with Influenza rapid test and real time multiplex assay. Seventy five consecutive patients were enrolled. 30.7% (n = 23) tested positive for viral infection. Of these, 52.1% (n = 12) were H1N1/FluA. 10 patients had multiple virus co‐infections. CAP with viral infection did not differ for any demographic, clinic and laboratory features by the exception of CCI and CURB‐65. All intra‐ED deaths and mechanical ventilations were recorded among CAP with viral infection. Testing only patients with CURB‐65 score ≥2, 10 out of 12 cases of H1N1/FluA would have been detected saving up to 40% tests. Viral infection occurred in one‐third of CAP during flu seasonal peak 2019. Since not otherwise distinguishable, NPS is so far the only reliable mean to identify CAP with viral infection. Testing only patients with moderate/severe CAP significantly minimize the number of tests.
Knee cartilage T2 relaxation times 3 months after ACL reconstruction are associated with knee gait variables linked to knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Williams Jack R. , Neal Kelsey , Alfayyadh Abdulmajeed , Lennon Kendra , Capin Jacob J. , Khandha Ashutosh , Manal Kurt , Potter Hollis G. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn , Buchanan Thomas S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis development after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is not well understood. Investigators have examined associations between knee biomechanical alterations and quantitative MRI (qMRI) variables, reflective of cartilage health, 12–60 months following ACLR; however, none have done so early after surgery. As part of an exploratory study, 45 individuals (age, 23 ± 7 years) underwent motion analysis during walking and qMRI 3 months after ACLR. For each limb, peak knee adduction moment (pKAM) and peak knee flexion moment (pKFM) were determined using inverse dynamics and peak medial compartment force was calculated using a neuromusculoskeletal model. T2 relaxation times in the medial compartment and linear regressions were used to determine the associations between gait variables and deep and superficial cartilage T2 relaxation times in six regions. pKAM was positively associated with deep layer T2 relaxation times within the femoral central and posterior regions when examined in the involved limb and from an interlimb difference perspective (involved limb – uninvolved limb). After adjusting for age, the association between interlimb difference of pKAM and interlimb difference of deep layer T2 relaxation times in the tibial central region became significant (p = .043). Interlimb difference of pKFM was negatively associated with interlimb difference of deep layer T2 relaxation times within the femoral central and posterior regions. These associations suggest that degenerative pathways leading to osteoarthritis may be detectable as early as 3 months after reconstruction. Preventative therapeutic techniques may need to be employed early in the rehabilitation process to prevent cartilage degradation.
Simulation of moire pattern based on transmittance calculation of LCD metal mesh touch panel
Authors: Su Yuyang , Wang Zhile , An Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a precise and effective computational method for moire patterns' simulation and prediction of liquid crystal display (LCD) metal mesh touch panel based on the transmittance calculation of LCD's sub‐pixel is proposed. Firstly, we analyze the actual physical model and build our simulation model. Secondly, we explain the form reason of moire phenomenon and establish the transmittance calculation formula. Finally, we demonstrate the accuracy and validation of our simulation approach by practical experiment. The experimental results show that the simulation matching rate is about 88.2%, and the simulated graphs are extremely similar to the actual moire pattern. We can evaluate the moire degree with our new method; this research is significant to touch panel's production.
Multi‐omics reveal the pathways involved in induced defensive colony formation of Tetradesmus obliquus in response to Daphnia grazing cues
Authors: Zhu Xuexia , Sun Yunfei , Zhang Lu , Wang Jun , Gu Lei , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInducible defenses occur in various taxa of prey organisms. Many phytoplankton species, including the freshwater Chlorophyta Tetradesmus spp., can form defensive morphs under the zooplankton‐released grazing cues. However, definite statements on the actual mechanisms of inducible defense in phytoplankton are quite deficient. In the present study, the defensive mechanism of Tetradesmus obliquus (formerly known as Scenedesmus obliquus) induced by Daphnia infochemicals was analyzed through multifaceted analyses integrating physiological and biochemical monitoring, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Results showed that the upregulated genes encoding G protein‐coupled receptor and phospholipase C were involved in the perception and transduction of grazing cues, and the transcripts related to extracellular polysaccharides formation and transductions were upregulated. The results provided molecular evidence for the role of extracellular polysaccharides in colony formation. Increased lipid content revealed through metabolomics suggested higher investment in lipid biosynthesis within colonial cells, whereas the downregulation of ribosome‐related pathways indicated less allocation of energy and resources to protein biosynthesis. The significant increase in indole‐3‐acetic acid content indicated that growth was activated under grazing cues. This study provided essential information on the inducible defensive mechanism of Tetradesmus and direct evidence for the intracellular reallocation of resources and energy owing to the defensive colony formation, which had considerable implications for enriching the theory of inducible defenses at the molecular level.
Antidepressant‐like Effects of Degraded Porphyran Isolated fromPorphyra haitanensis
Authors: Yi Li‐Tao , Zhang Man‐Man , Cheng Jie , Wan Hui‐Qi , Li Cheng‐Fu , Zhu Ji‐Xiao , Zhang Qiu‐Ping , Liu Qing , Xu Guang‐Hui 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionDegraded porphyran is a bioactive polysaccharide extracted fromPorphyra haitanensis(P. haitanensis). According to the previous studies, it produced anti‐inflammatory activity, but little is known about its effects on depression.Methods and ResultsAs inflammation is one of the critical factors involved in the development of depression, this study aims to elucidate the potential antidepressant‐like effects of degraded porphyran. The results show that acute porphyran treatment decreased the immobility time in despair tests. In addition, subchronic porphyran administration reverses depressive‐like behaviors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated mice. Meanwhile, porphyran inhibits NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling, proinflammatory cytokine release, and microglial activation in the hippocampus. Moreover, chronic porphyran treatment activates hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. As a result, neurogenesis and spinogenesis are maintained.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study indicate that degraded porphyran intake provides a potential strategy for depression treatment, which is mediated by the inhibition of neuroinflammation and the enhancement of neurogenesis and spinogenesis in the central nervous systems.
QSM reconstruction challenge 2.0: Design and report of results
Authors:   QSM Challenge 2.0 Organization Committee, Bilgic Berkin , Langkammer Christian , Marques José P. , Meineke Jakob , Milovic Carlos , Schweser Ferdinand 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe aim of the second quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reconstruction challenge (Oct 2019, Seoul, Korea) was to test the accuracy of QSM dipole inversion algorithms in simulated brain data.MethodsA two‐stage design was chosen for this challenge. The participants were provided with datasets of multi‐echo gradient echo images synthesized from two realisticin silicohead phantoms using an MR simulator. At the first stage, participants optimized QSM reconstructions without ground truth data available to mimic the clinical setting. At the second stage, ground truth data were provided for parameter optimization. Submissions were evaluated using eight numerical metrics and visual ratings.ResultsA total of 98 reconstructions were submitted for stage 1 and 47 submissions for stage 2. Iterative methods had the best quantitative metric scores, followed by deep learning and direct inversion methods. Priors derived from magnitude data improved the metric scores. Algorithms based on iterative approaches and total variation (and its derivatives) produced the best overall results. The reported results and analysis pipelines have been made public to allow researchers to compare new methods to the current state of the art.ConclusionThe synthetic data provide a consistent framework to test the accuracy and robustness of QSM algorithms in the presence of noise, calcifications and minor voxel dephasing effects. Total Variation‐based algorithms produced the best results among all metrics. Future QSM challenges should assess whether this good performance with synthetic datasets translates to more realistic scenarios, where background fields and dipole‐incompatible phase contributions are included.
Patient-Reported Out-of-Pocket Costs and Financial Toxicity During Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Huey Ryan W. , George Goldy C. , Phillips Penny , White Revenda , Fu Siqing , Janku Filip , Karp Daniel D. , Naing Aung , Piha-Paul Sarina , Subbiah Vivek , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Pant Shubham , Yap Timothy A. , Rodon Jordi , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Hong David S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Clinical trials are an important therapeutic option for patients with cancer. Although financial burden in cancer treatment is well documented, the financial burden associated with clinical trials is not well understood.

Patients and Methods
We conducted a survey regarding economic burden and financial toxicity in patients with cancer enrolled in phase I clinical trials for &gt;1 month. Financial toxicity score was assessed using the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity survey. Patients also reported monthly out-of-pocket (OOP) costs.

Results
Two hundred and thirteen patients completed the survey (72% non-Hispanic White; 45% with annual income ≤$60,000; 50% lived &gt;300 miles from the clinic; 37% required air travel). Forty-eight percent of patients had monthly OOP costs of at least $1,000. Fifty-five percent and 64% of patients reported unanticipated medical and nonmedical expenses, respectively. Worse financial toxicity was associated with yearly household income &lt;$60,000 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7; p = .008), having unanticipated medical costs (OR: 3.2; p = .024), and living &gt;100 miles away from the clinical trial hospital (OR: 2.3; p = .043). Non-White or Hispanic patients (OR: 2.5; p = .011) and patients who were unemployed or not working outside the home (OR: 2.5; p = .016) were more likely to report high unanticipated medical costs.

Conclusion
Among patients with cancer participating in clinical trials, economic burden is high, and most of patients’ OOP costs were nonmedical costs. Financial toxicity is disproportionally higher in patients with lower income and those who travel farther, and unexpected medical costs were more common among non-White or Hispanic patients. OOP costs can be substantial and are often unexpected for patients.

Implications for Practice
The financial burden of cancer treatment is well documented, but there are limited data regarding the financial burden associated with cancer clinical trials. This study surveyed 213 patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials. Monthly out-of-pocket costs were at least $1000 for nearly half of patients. Worse financial toxicity was associated with income &lt;$60,000 and living farther away from the hospital. Racial/ethnic minorities had higher rates of unanticipated medical costs. These data help to quantify the high financial burden for patients and may reveal a cause of disparities in clinical trial enrollment for underrepresented populations.