bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-omic modelling of inflammatory bowel disease with regularized canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Revilla Lluís , Mayorgas Aida , Corraliza Ana M. , Masamunt Maria C. , Metwaly Amira , Haller Dirk , Tristán Eva , Carrasco Anna , Esteve Maria , Panés Julian , Ricart Elena , Lozano Juan J. , Salas Azucena 
Published: February 2021

Background
Personalized medicine requires finding relationships between variables that influence a patient’s phenotype and predicting an outcome. Sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis identifies relationships between different groups of variables. This method requires establishing a model of the expected interaction between those variables. Describing these interactions is challenging when the relationship is unknown or when there is no pre-established hypothesis. Thus, our aim was to develop a method to find the relationships between microbiome and host transcriptome data and the relevant clinical variables in a complex disease, such as Crohn’s disease.

Results
We present here a method to identify interactions based on canonical correlation analysis. We show that the model is the most important factor to identify relationships between blocks using a dataset of Crohn’s disease patients with longitudinal sampling. First the analysis was tested in two previously published datasets: a glioma and a Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis dataset where we describe how to select the optimum parameters. Using such parameters, we analyzed our Crohn’s disease data set. We selected the model with the highest inner average variance explained to identify relationships between transcriptome, gut microbiome and clinically relevant variables. Adding the clinically relevant variables improved the average variance explained by the model compared to multiple co-inertia analysis.

Conclusions
The methodology described herein provides a general framework for identifying interactions between sets of omic data and clinically relevant variables. Following this method, we found genes and microorganisms that were related to each other independently of the model, while others were specific to the model used. Thus, model selection proved crucial to finding the existing relationships in multi-omics datasets.
Socio-ecological predictors of mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Hennein Rachel , Mew Emma J. , Lowe Sarah R. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Healthcare workers are at increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies are warranted that examine socio-ecological factors associated with these outcomes to inform interventions that support healthcare workers during future disease outbreaks.

Methods
We conducted an online cross-sectional study of healthcare workers during May 2020 to assess the socio-ecological predictors of mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed factors at four socio-ecological levels: individual (e.g., gender), interpersonal (e.g., social support), institutional (e.g., personal protective equipment availability), and community (e.g., healthcare worker stigma). The Personal Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise scales assessed probable major depression (MD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations between socio-ecological factors and mental health outcomes.

Results
Of the 1,092 participants, 72.0% were female, 51.9% were frontline workers, and the mean age was 40.4 years (standard deviation = 11.5). Based on cut-off scores, 13.9%, 15.6%, 22.8%, and 42.8% had probable MD, GAD, PTSD, and AUD, respectively. In the multivariable adjusted models, needing more social support was associated with significantly higher odds of probable MD, GAD, PTSD, and AUD. The significance of other factors varied across the outcomes. For example, at the individual level, female gender was associated with probable PTSD. At the institutional level, lower team cohesion was associated with probable PTSD, and difficulty following hospital policies with probable MD. At the community level, higher healthcare worker stigma was associated with probable PTSD and AUD, decreased satisfaction with the national government response with probable GAD, and higher media exposure with probable GAD and PTSD.

Conclusions
These findings can inform targeted interventions that promote healthcare workers’ psychological resilience during disease outbreaks.
Developing a brief motivational intervention for young adults admitted with alcohol intoxication in the emergency department – Results from an iterative qualitative design
Authors: Gaume Jacques , Grazioli Véronique S. , Paroz Sophie , Fortini Cristiana , Bertholet Nicolas , Daeppen Jean-Bernard 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundUnhealthy alcohol use among young adults is a major public health concern. Brief motivational interventions for young adults in the Emergency Department (ED) have shown promising but inconsistent results.MethodsBased on the literature on brief intervention and motivational interviewing efficacy and active ingredients, we developed a new motivational intervention model for young adults admitted in the ED with alcohol intoxication. Using an iterative qualitative design, we first pre-tested this model by conducting 4 experimental sessions and 8 related semi-structured interviews to evaluate clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions of the intervention’s acceptability and feasibility. We then conducted a consultation meeting with 9 international experts using a nominal group technique. The intervention model was adjusted and finally re-tested by conducting 6 new experimental sessions and 12 related semi-structured interviews. At each round, data collected were analyzed and discussed, and the intervention model updated accordingly.ResultsBased on the literature, we found 6 axes for developing a new model: High level of relational factors (e.g. empathy, alliance, avoidance of confrontation); Personalized feedback; Enhance discrepancy; Evoke change talk while softening sustain talk, strengthen ability and commitment to change; Completion of a change plan; Devote more time: longer sessions and follow-up options (face-to-face, telephone, or electronic boosters; referral to treatment). A qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews gave important insights regarding acceptability and feasibility of the model. Adjustments were made around which information to provide and how, as well as on how to deepen discussion about change with patients having low levels of self-exploration. The experts’ consultation addressed numerous points, such as information and advice giving, and booster interventions.DiscussionThis iterative, multi-component design resulted in the development of an intervention model embedded in recent research findings and theory advances, as well as feasible in a complex environment. The next step is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of this model.
Linking the timing of a mother’s and child’s death: Comparative evidence from two rural South African population-based surveillance studies, 2000–2015
Authors: Houle Brian , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa W. , Stein Alan , Gareta Dickman , Herbst Kobus , Clark Samuel J. 
Published: February 2021

Background
The effect of the period before a mother’s death on child survival has been assessed in only a few studies. We conducted a comparative investigation of the effect of the timing of a mother’s death on child survival up to age five years in rural South Africa.

Methods
We used discrete time survival analysis on data from two HIV-endemic population surveillance sites (2000–2015) to estimate a child’s risk of dying before and after their mother’s death. We tested if this relationship varied between sites and by availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed if related adults in the household altered the effect of a mother’s death on child survival.

Findings
3,618 children died from 2000–2015. The probability of a child dying began to increase in the 7–11 months prior to the mother’s death and increased markedly in the 3 months before (2000–2003 relative risk = 22.2, 95% CI = 14.2–34.6) and 3 months following her death (2000–2003 RR = 20.1; CI = 10.3–39.4). This increased risk pattern was evident at both sites. The pattern attenuated with ART availability but remained even with availability at both sites. The father and maternal grandmother in the household lowered children’s mortality risk independent of the association between timing of mother and child mortality.

Conclusions
The persistence of elevated mortality risk both before and after the mother’s death for children of different ages suggests that absence of maternal care and abrupt breastfeeding cessation might be crucial risk factors. Formative research is needed to understand the circumstances for children when a mother is very ill or dies, and behavioral and other risk factors that increase both the mother and child’s risk of dying. Identifying families when a mother is very ill and implementing training and support strategies for other members of the household are urgently needed to reduce preventable child mortality.
Hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors among patients and health-care workers of Ain Shams University hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Anwar Wagida A. , El Gaafary Maha , Girgis Samia A. , Rafik Mona , Hussein Wafaa M. , Sos Dalia , Mossad Isis M. , Fontanet Arnaud , Temime Laura 
Published: February 2021

Background
Hospitals are suspected of playing a key role in HCV epidemic dynamics in Egypt. This work aimed at assessing HCV prevalence and associated risk factors in patients and health-care workers (HCWs) of Ain Shams University (ASU) hospitals in Cairo.

Methods
We included 500 patients admitted to the internal medicine or surgery hospital from February to July, 2017, as well as 50 HCWs working in these same hospitals. Participants were screened for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on demographic characteristics and medical/surgical history. For HCWs, questions on occupational exposures and infection control practices were also included.

Results
The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 19.80% (95% CI: 16.54–23.52) among participating patients, and 8.00% (95% CI: 0.48–15.52) among participating HCWs. In HCWs, the only risk factors significantly associated with anti-HCV antibodies were age and profession, with higher prevalence in older HCWs and those working as cleaners or porters. In patients, in a multivariate logistic regression, age over 50 (aOR: 3.4 [1.9–5.8]), living outside Cairo (aOR: 2.1 [1.2–3.4]), admission for liver or gastro-intestinal complaints (aOR: 4.2 [1.8–9.9]), and history of receiving parenteral anti-schistosomiasis treatment (aOR: 2.7 [1.2–5.9]) were found associated with anti-HCV antibodies.

Conclusions
While HCV prevalence among patients has decreased since the last survey performed within ASU hospitals in 2008, it is still significantly higher than in the general population. These results may help better control further HCV spread within healthcare settings in Egypt by identifying at-risk patient profiles upon admission.
Gut microbiota comparison of vaginally and cesarean born infants exclusively breastfed by mothers secreting α1–2 fucosylated oligosaccharides in breast milk
Authors: Tonon Karina M. , Morais Tania B. , Taddei Carla R. , Araújo-Filho Humberto B. , Abrão Ana Cristina F. V. , Miranda Antonio , de Morais Mauro B. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding promotes beneficial modifications on the microbiota of cesarean born infants, but little is known about the role of specific breast milk components in this modulation. Women with an active FUT2 gene (calledsecretors) secrete α1–2 fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which promoteBifidobacteriumin the infant’s gut and may modulate the microbiota of cesarean born infants.ObjectiveTo compare the microbiota composition of cesarean and vaginally born infants breastfed by secretor mothers.MethodsMaternal secretor status was determined by the occurrence of 4 different α1–2 fucosylated HMOs in breast milk by LC-MS. The fecal microbiota composition from cesarean and vaginally born infants was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, stratified by the maternal secretor status, and compared.ResultsAlpha and beta diversity were not significantly different in cesarean born, secretor-fed infants (CSe+) compared to vaginally born, secretor-fed infants (VSe+). There were no significant differences in the fecal relative abundance ofBifidobacteriumbetween CSe+ and VSe+ infants, but the prevalence of the speciesB.longumwas lower in CSe+. The fecal relative abundance ofBacteroideswas also lower, whileAkkermansiaandKluyverawere higher in CSe+ infants.ConclusionCesarean and vaginally born infants fed with breast milk containing the α1–2 fucosylated HMOs fraction present similar amounts ofBifidobacteriumin the feces, but differences are observed in other members of the microbiota.
Crisis por cooptación del cooperativismo agrario en Canarias: una interpretación desde la geografía agraria
Authors: Martín Víctor Onésimo Martín , Jerez Darias Luis Manuel , Studer Villazán Luana 
Published: February 2021

Las crisis de las cooperativas agropecuarias canarias han sido cíclicas, coincidiendo con los períodos de recesión económica general, pero nunca habían alcanzado la magnitud de la de 2008. Por ello, y dada la efectiva importancia económica, social y territorial que este tipo de entidades tiene en el devenir del sector primario isleño, este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo se ha llegado a la situación actual.Las cooperativas, por formar parte de la economía social, son un instrumento que puede favorecer el desarrollo rural, y son en este sentido necesarias. La cuestión es quién dirige económica, social y políticamente las mismas. Se plantea que las cooperativas han terminado siendo cooptadas por la alianza entre los grandes propietarios rentistas y las grandes empresas comercializadoras de los productos de la agricultura de exportación y del mercado interior regional. En este proceso, dentro de las cooperativas canarias la pequeña agricultura familiar juega un papel subordinado, desnaturalizando los propios objetivos de este sistema asociativo. La consecuencia está siendo la disminución del tejido cooperativo por pérdida de socios o cierre de las cooperativas, a la vez que numerosas explotaciones familiares quiebran y desaparecen.
Métodos de aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio em mudas de gravioleira irrigadas com água salina
Authors: Veloso Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida , Capitulino Jessica Dayanne , Soares de Lima Geovani , Vieira de Azevedo Carlos Alberto , Rodrigues da Silva André Alisson , Gheyi Hans Raj 
Published: February 2021

A aclimatação das plantas ao estresse salino, por meio de aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio, ocorre devido à ativação do sistema de defesa antioxidante. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o estudo avaliar os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos e a eficiência fotoquímica de mudas de gravioleira sob irrigação com águas salinas e distintos métodos de aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio. O estudo foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em esquema 5 x 4, sendo cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação – CEa (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) e quatro métodos de aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio- MA (sem aplicação de H2O2, aplicação via embebição das sementes, aplicação via pulverização foliar e aplicação via embebição das sementes e pulverização foliar). A salinidade da água de irrigação até 1,4 e 1,1 dS m-1provocou aumento na síntese de clorofila b e carotenoides, respectivamente. Já a irrigação com água a partir de 0,6 dS m-1 reduziu a síntese de clorofila a e total das plantas de gravioleira. A aplicação de 20 μm de H2O2via embebição da semente resulta em aumento nos teores de clorofila a e b, total, fluorescência máxima e variável das mudas de gravioleira.A embebição das sementes com peróxido de hidrogênio aumentou a fluorescência inicial da clorofila nas plantas irrigadas com água de 1,2 dS m-1.
Poor Outcomes of Cirrhosis due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Compared With Hepatitis B After Decompensation With Ascites
Authors: Tan Hiang Keat , Teng Margaret Li Peng , Soh Alex Yu Sen , Cheo Sara Hui Yi , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Goh George Boon Bee , Tan Chee Kiat , Wong Guan Wee , Lee Guan Huei , Chang Jason Pik Eu 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Decompensation with ascites portends a poor prognosis in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis after decompensation with ascites.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the outcomes of patients with NASH and HBV cirrhosis who were admitted to hospital for first-onset ascites from January 1, 2004, to June 30, 2015. They were followed up until death, liver transplantation, or loss to follow up.

RESULTS:
Patients with NASH had lower median (interquartile range) Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (11 [9–14] vs 14 [11–17], P < 0.001). Over 60 months, patients with NASH cirrhosis had higher cumulative incidence of dilutional hyponatremia (P < 0.001) and refractory ascites (P = 0.028). They also had higher cumulative incidence of cirrhosis-related deaths and liver transplantation compared with HBV cirrhosis (65.7%; [95% confidence interval (CI) 53.6–75.4] vs 42.5% [95% CI 32.4–55.2], P = 0.008). Multivariable competing risk analysis showed that NASH (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.88 [95% CI 1.14–3.11], P = 0.014), non-Chinese ethnicity (sHR 1.63 [95% CI 1.06–2.50], P = 0.027), history of hepatocellular carcinoma (sHR 1.76 [95% CI 1.05–2.95], P = 0.033), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (sHR 1.70 [95% CI 1.09–2.65], P = 0.020), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥15 (sHR 3.26 [95% CI 2.11–5.05], P < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor transplant-free survival.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to NASH had much poorer prognosis compared with HBV with more complications and greater healthcare resource utilization. Greater awareness is necessary for early diagnosis of NASH before decompensation.
Program Evaluation for Part-Time Work, Flex-Time Work and At-Home Work in Korea
Authors: Sa Yongjin 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to develop the program evaluation plan for three kinds of “Flex-Working” programs such as “Part-Time Work”, “Flex-Time Work” and “At-Home Work” program of the Central Government of Korea. More specifically, this study discusses description of the flex-working programs in terms of program context, purpose, outcome in order to draw out the flex-working program theory model. In addition, the program participants and stakeholders, program contextual factors, primary users of the evaluation and stakeholder involvement with regards to the programs are all discussed in this paper.
Creativity, divergent thinking, attitudes, values, ideational behaviour and personality in a sample of Italian university student.
Authors: Tomassoni Rosella , Treglia Eugenia , Quaglieri Pantanella Romina , Lungu Monica Alina 
Published: February 2021

In order to understand how creativity can be developed, it is necessary a multi-dimensional approach that take into consideration the different factors that influence the creative behavior. Aim of this work is to analyze some psychological and personal variables in association with creative performance. The sample involved is composed of 1069 students attending the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio. The research has predicted the online administration of 4 types of self-report questionnaires that are part of the Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (rCAB): Divergent Thinking, DT 3Figures, Ideational Balance of Behavior, Attitudes and Values, How you would describe yourself. The data collected was inserted into the matrix and statistically analyzed through the SPSS program.
Predominance of English cotton fabrics in Tunisia and Morocco in the context of the Protectorate 1912-1922
Authors: ELLOUMI Ali , Abdelmajid DJEMEL 
Published: February 2021

According to French and British sources, the English cotton fabrics, dominated in many years in the French protectorate, in Tunisia and Morocco, mainly between 1912-1922.This situation can be explained by several factors,
Such us the continuity of capitulation régime for many years, after the fall of Tunisia and Morocco under the French dominance.
Perceptual Learning with Complex Objects: A Comparison between Full-Practice Training and Memory Reactivation
Authors: Chen Chiu-Yueh , Op de Beeck Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPerception improves with repeated exposure. Evidence has shown object recognition can be improved by training for multiple days in adults. Recently, a study of Amar-Halpert et al. (2017) has compared the learning effect of repetitive and brief, at-threshold training on a discrimination task and reported similar improvement in both groups. The finding is interpreted as evidence that memory reactivation benefits discrimination learning. This raises the question how this process might influence different perceptual tasks, including tasks with more complex visual stimuli. Here, this preregistered study investigates whether reactivation induces improvements in a visual object learning task that includes more complex visual stimuli. Participants were trained to recognize a set of objects during 5 d of training. After the initial training, a group was trained with repeated practice, the other a few near-threshold reactivation trials. In both groups, we found improved object recognition at brief exposure durations. Traditional intense training shows a daily improvement; however, the group with reactivation does not reach the same level of improvement. Our findings show that reactivation has a smaller effect relative to large amounts of practice.