bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geostatistical Characterization of Soil Clay Patterns in a Typical Watershed of Cultivated Black Soil
Authors: Sun Zhihu , Wang Enheng , Xia Xiangyou , Chen Xiangwei , Yi MyongJong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soil clay influences a range of processes, including vertical and lateral redistribution of water, runoff, and erosion. Knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil clay content (SCC) in cultivated soil region is important. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of spatial variability of SCC across depths in a cultivated black soil region in northeastern China. Data collected from each of 58 sites on a regular grid of 50 by 50 m were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically to describe the spatial distribution. The SCCs between different segments in soil profiles were significantly different. The 0- to 65-cm soil profile could be clustered into three segments: 0- to 30-cm, 30- to 35-cm, and 35- to 65-cm layers.The standard deviation (SD) and coefficients of variation (CV) for the SCC of the 30- to 35-cm segment were the largest. Experimental semivariograms of SCC were best fitted by spherical models. Nugget-to-sill ratios indicated a strong spatial dependence for SCC at other depths, except the 40- to 45-cm and 60- to 65-cm segments. The 35- to 40-cm layer had the largest spatial dependency compared with the other layers. Cross-validation of the kriging map indicated that prediction of SCC using semivariogram parameters was better than assuming the mean of the observed value for any unsampled location. The mapping displayed heterogeneity of SCC across the experimental site and revealed higher SCC close to the tail of an eroded gully and lower SCC neighbouring eroded gully margins. The fragmentation degree and clay-enriched patch amount increased from the near-surface down to 65-cm of depth, suggesting the higher evenness of SCC in the cultivated layer than that in the tillage pan.
Jadeite and its relatives: fake news or a real tool to constrain shock conditions?
Authors: Baziotis Ioannis , Xydous Stamatios , Papoutsa Angeliki , Hu Jinping , Ma Chi , Klemme Stephan , Berndt Jasper , Ferrière Ludovic , Caracas Razvan , Asimow Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square. This preprint was removed as a condition of publication in a journal.
Nomogram to Predict Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Population at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zhang Qiuxia , Lu Junyan , Lei Li , Li Guodong , Liang Hongbin , Zhang Jingyi , Li Yun , Lu Xiangqi , Zhang Xinlu , Chen Yaode , Pan Jiazhi , Chen Yejia , Lin Xinxin , Li Xiaobo , Zhou Shiyu , An Shengli , Xiu Jiancheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
To develop a simple model to predict risk of rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) in population at risk of cardiovascular disease.
Methods
8455 subjects aged ≥ 65 years or complicated diabetes or hypertension undergoing community annual health examinations between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. All participants were randomly assigned to a development cohort and a validation cohort in a 2:1 ratio. Rapid kidney function decline was defined as the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)≥40% during follow-up period. Cox regression analysis and stepwise approach were used to identify the risk factors. A nomogram based on these predictors was then developed, and discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis were assessed.
Results
During the median follow-up period of 3.72 years, the incidence of rapid kidney function decline was 11.96% (n = 1011), 11.98% (n = 676) and 11.92% (n = 335) in the entire cohort, development cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Age, eGFR, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes were identified as predictors for RKFD. The nomogram demonstrated a good discriminative power with the 5-year AUCs of 0.763 and 0.740 in the development and the validation cohort, respectively. Calibration plots also demonstrated a good fitness between the observed and predicted risk in both cohorts.
Conclusions
Risk stratification for rapid kidney function decline is achievable using a risk prediction nomogram based on clinical factors that are readily accessible in primary care. The utility of this nomogram in identifying individuals at high risk of RKFD in the community needs further investigation.
Quality of Routine Health Information System Data and Associated Factors Among Departments in Public Health Facilities of Harari Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Shama Adisu Tafari , Roba Hirbo Shore , Abera Admas , Baraki Negga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the improvements in the knowledge and understanding of the role of health information in the global health system, the quality of data generated by a routine health information system is still very poor in low and middle-income countries. There is a paucity of studies as to what determines data quality in health facilities in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the quality of routine health information system data and associated factors in public health facilities of Harari region, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all public health facilities in Harari region of Ethiopia. The department-level data were collected from respective department heads through document reviews, interviews, and observation check-lists. Descriptive statistics were used to data quality and multivariate logistic regression was run to identify factors influencing data quality. The level of significance was declared at P-value <0.05. Result: The study found a good quality data in 51.35% (95% CI, 44.6-58.1) of the departments in public health facilities in Harari Region. Departments found in the health centers were 2.5 times more likely to have good quality data as compared to departments found in the health posts. The presence of trained staffs able to fill reporting formats (AOR=2.474; 95%CI: 1.124-5.445) and provision of feedback (AOR=3.083; 95%CI: 1.549-6.135) were also significantly associated with data quality. Conclusion: The level of good data quality in the public health facilities was less than the expected national level. Training should be provided to increase the knowledge and skills of the health workers.
Novel Prognostic Score for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients treated with Nivolumab: Japanese Multi-Institutional Cohort Study
Authors: Minohara Kiyoshi , Matoba Takuma , Kawakita Daisuke , Takano Gaku , Oguri Keisuke , Murashima Akihiro , Nakai Kazuhiro , Iwaki Sho , Hojo Ayumu , Matsumura Ayano , Ozaki Shinya , Ozawa Taijiro , Harata Ikuma , Tanaka Nobukazu , Maseki Shinichiro , Tsuge Hiroshi , Imaizumi Sae , Mitsuya Shoji , Moribe Kazuho , Esaki Shinichi , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although several prognostic factors in nivolumab therapy have been reported in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC), these factors remain controversial. Here, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of clinico-hematological factors on survival in RM-HNC patients treated with nivolumab. We retrospectively reviewed 126 RM-HNC patients from seven institutes. We evaluated the prognostic effects of clinico-hematological factors on survival using Cox proportional hazard models. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months, and the 1 year-OS rate was 51.2 %. Patients without immune-related adverse events, lower relative eosinophil count, worse best overall response, higher performance status, and higher modified Glasgow Prognostic Score had significantly worse survival rates. The prognostic score, generated by combining these significantly worse prognostic factors, was more closely associated with prognosis than each factor (p for trend<0.001). Our novel prognostic score utilizing clinico-hematological factors might be useful to establish an individual treatment strategy in patients with RM-HNC treated with nivolumab therapy.
Shunt Infection in Adults: A Retrospective Study of 1324 Cases
Authors: Qin Bing , Gao Liansheng , Wang Chun , Wu Chenghan , wang lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Shunt infection (SI) is a serious major complication in the management of hydrocephalus after cerebral fluid shunts. Here we study retrospectively hydrocephalus shunting to evaluate the incidence of SI, including the risk factors and types of infection.Meterial and Methods: 1556 patients (age≥18years) who had undergone shunt surgery from January 2013 to December 2019 at our center were included(6-78 months follow-up period). 1324 cases of them were confirmed as effective cases. Infection rate and risk factors were investigated.Results: We found 79 (6.0%) cases (58 men and 21 women) with SI, of which 72 were ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt and 7 were lumbo-peritoneal (LP) shunt. Risk factors include male gender (p=0.04), patients with a history of intracranial infection (p<0.001) and patients suffered an infection when shunt surgery performed (p=0.008). Surgery type (p=0.80), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) before shunt procedure (p=0.57) and history of hypertension (p=0.16), diabetes (p=0.44) or cerebral infarction (p=0.29) were not risk factors of SI. Brain or spine surgery performed within 2 years prior to shunt procedure increased rate of SI (p=0.015, SI rate: 7.4%), but not when performed after shunt procedure (p=0.42). Idiopathic hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus caused by trauma, hemorrhage, tumor and other factors showed no significant correlation with SI. Of all SI, 48 (60.8%) and 62 (78.5%) cases were present within 1 and 2 months after shunt surgery, respectively. Only 2.5% (2/79) of SI were found after 1 year since shunt placement. Pathogens were found in 46 cases, and Gram positive cocci were accounted for 50.0% (23/46). Conclusions: Our study suggests that male, history of intracranial infection, patients’ infection status when shunt surgery performed and history of brain or spine surgery performed within 2 years are risk factors of SI. Infections are more likely to present within the first 2 months after shunt placement, only 2.5% shunt infections were found after more than 1 year form shunt operation.
Crystal Structure and Luminescence Properties of a Thermally Stable Single-Phase White Emitting Phosphor CaSr2(PO4)2: Dy3+, Li+
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Chen Yuying , Hao Qiang , Lis Stefan , Liu Haikun , Runowski Marcin , Mei Lefu , Liao Libing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Single-phase CaSr2(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ phosphors were prepared using the high-temperature solid-state method in the air. To characterize the luminescence properties of the synthesized phosphors, Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy images (SEM), photoluminescence spectra, and concentration-dependent emission spectra were measured to characterize the luminescence properties of the synthesized phosphors. The results showed that the CaSr2(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ phosphors exhibited white luminescence, and the emission spectra of the phosphors consisted of two sharp peaks at ≈486 and ≈578 nm (the most intense one). The optimum concentration of Dy3+ doping was determined to 0.06 mol.%. On the basis of the Dexter's theory, the mechanism of energy transfer between the Dy3+ ions was determined to dipole–dipole interactions. The results of the temperature-dependent luminescence confirmed that the as-prepared phosphors are proved to be promising UV-convertible material capable of white light emitting in UV-LEDs due to its excellent thermal stability and luminescence properties. Luminescence intensity and decay time of the CaSr2(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ phosphors were improved remarkably with the addition of charge compensators (Li+ ions), which would promote their applications in white light-emitting diodes based on the near-UV chip.
Potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles in microbial translocation and cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vestad Beate , Nyman Tuula Anneli , Hove-Skovsgaard Malene , Stensland Maria , Hoel Hedda , Trøseid Anne-Marie Siebke , Aspelin Trude , Aass Hans Christian Dalsbotten , Puhka Maija , Hov Johannes Roksund , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Øvstebø Reidun , Trøseid Marius 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: HIV and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both associated with gut microbiota alterations, low-grade endotoxemia and increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in relation to these processes. Materials and methods: Plasma EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography in fasting individuals with HIV and T2D (n=16), T2D only (n=14), HIV only (n=20) or healthy controls (n=19), and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis and quantitative proteomics. The findings were compared to gut microbiota alterations, lipopolysaccharide levels and cardiovascular risk profile. Results: Individuals with concomitant HIV and T2D had higher plasma EV concentration, which correlated closely with plasma lipopolysaccharides, triglycerides and Framingham score, but not with gut microbiota alterations. Proteomic analyses identified 558 human proteins, largely related to cardiometabolic disease genes and upstream regulation of inflammatory pathways, including IL-6 and IL-1β, as well as 30 bacterial proteins, mostly from lipopolysaccharide-producing Proteobacteria. Conclusions: Our study supports that EVs are related to microbial translocation processes in individuals with HIV and T2D. Their proteomic content suggests a contributing role in low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular risk development. The present approach for exploring gut-host crosstalk can potentially identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Challenges Faced by Chinese Community Nurses When Providing Home-based Hospice and Palliative Care: a Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Cao Yingjuan , Su Mingzhu , Cheng Joyce , Yao Nengliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hospital facilities in China are experiencing increased strain on existing systems and medical resources, which necessitates the use of home-based hospice and palliative care (HBHPC). HBHPC primarily relies on community nurses and related medical personnel. Understanding the challenges that community nurses face when providing this form of care is urgently needed to optimize the design and delivery of HBHPC. Our study aimed to gain insight into community nurses’ challenges when providing HBHPC for patients.Methods: We performed a descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenology approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 13 nurses from two community health service centers in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. A thematic analysis was applied to identify themes from the transcribed data.Results: Three major themes emerged: 1) Community nurses’ inadequate self-preparation for providing HBHPC; 2) Patients and their families’ non-collaboration in HBHPC; 3) Community health service career disadvantages. Conclusion: Community nurses faced multifaceted challenges in home care settings. This study could provide a framework for guiding the improvement of interventional variables in the provision of HBHPC. Future research should involve developing effective methods of improving community nurses’ job motivation and community health service institutions’ incentive systems, as well as increasing advocacy around HBHPC.
Polyphasic Taxonomic Analysis of Snuella sedimenti sp. nov., Isolated from Isolated from Marine Sediment
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwa , Weerawongwiwat Veeraya , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Lee Jung-Sook , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Kim Wonyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A Gram stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain CAU 1569T was isolated from marine sediment on Shido Island in Incheon. It grew at 20-37°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, 7.0), 2–6% NaCl (w/v) (optimum, 2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CAU 1569T formed a distinct lineage within the type strain of Snuella. Strain CAU 1569T showed high similarity to S. lapsa JC2132T (95.8%), Mariniflexile gromovii KMM 60388T (95.5%), Aestuariibaculum marinum IP7T (95.4%), A. suncheonense SC17T (94.6%) and Yeosuana aromativorans GW1-1T (94.4%). The genome contained 57 contigs, 3,437 protein-coding gene, 3 rRNAs (5, 16, and 23S), 43 tRNAs, and with a 35.7 mol% G + C content. The isoprenoid quinone was only menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C15:1−iso G, and C17:0 iso 3-OH. Strain CAU 1569T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, aminoglycolipid, unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, physiologic, and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain CAU 1569T represents a novel Snuella species, which the name Snuella sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is CAU 1569T (= KCTC 82409T = MCCC 1K05670T).
Analysis of Red Chalk Drawings from the Workshop of Giovanni Battista Piranesi using Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Krämer Maria , Henniges Ute , Brückle Irene , Lenfant Laura , Drüppel Kirsten 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The viability of fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) for the differentiation of red chalk drawing media was investigated, focusing on the group of drawings from the workshop of Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778) at the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, Germany. The evaluation of spectra was supported by principal component analysis. The method was tested on mockup drawings made with recently acquired natural and fabricated red chalks of known origin. It was possible to sort these mockup drawings according to chalk type and application technique. The compositional differences of these reference chalks were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent FORS analysis of selected original drawings revealed the existence of several closely grouped clusters, implying similarities on the basis of the underlying spectral features among the historical red chalks used in Rome. These similarities distinguished the historical drawings from the red chalk mockup drawings, except for the drawings made with red chalk samples from the area near the town of Theley, Germany, which were shown to bear close similarities to those in the cluster of historical samples.
Anisotropy analysis for optimized gas production in Coalbed Methane reservoir, Bokaro field, India
Authors: Banerjee Abir , Chatterjee Rima , Singha Dip Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The efficient production of Coalbed Methane (CBM) gas is facing challenges due to the larger dewatering period from fracture connectivity to the aquifer zone. Also, commingled production from well makes it more difficult to identify the coal seam-wise problem. Therefore, prior knowledge of sub-surface fractures in coal seams is necessary to execute an accurate simulation model for planning hydraulic fracturing treatment. This paper highlights the studies in Bokaro CBM reservoir to mitigate challenges in few wells by characterizing anisotropy, determining fast shear wave polarization angle, maximum horizontal stress direction, fracture orientation, and analysis of low resistivity signature. Both the fast shear wave polarization angle and fracture orientation in resistivity image are observed in the same direction (N26°-35°E) in coal. The fast and slow shear slowness versus frequency plot concludes stress-induced anisotropy resulting from fractures that are supported by resistivity image and drilling core. Processing of the resistivity image log shows the maximum horizontal stress is along NE-SW direction, as identified from drilling-induced fractures. The observation of low resistivity signature with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 ohm-m in few wells confirms the presence of conducting minerals such as siderite and pyrite from the x-ray diffraction studies of sidewall core. The present work guides in making production, drilling, and hydraulic fracturing design strategies to better understand the fluid propagation for optimized CBM production and will also help in future geomechanical studies.
Accurate genotyping of single cells with Octopus
Authors: Cooke Daniel , Lunter Gerton , Wedge David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We describe an extension to our variant calling tool, Octopus (https://github.com/luntergroup/octopus), for single-cell DNA sequencing data. Octopus jointly genotypes cells from a lineage, accounting for amplification stochasticity and sequencing error with a haplotype-based Bayesian model. Octopus is considerably more accurate at genotyping single cells than existing methods.
Embeddings from protein language models predict conservation and variant effects
Authors: Marquet Céline , Heinzinger Michael , Olenyi Tobias , Dallago Christian , Bernhofer Michael , Erckert Kyra , Rost Burkhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants stressed the demand for tools allowing to interpret the effect of single amino acid variants (SAVs) on protein function. While Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) sets continue to expand our understanding of the mutational landscape of single proteins, the results continue to challenge analyses. Protein Language Models (LMs) use the latest deep learning (DL) algorithms to leverage growing databases of protein sequences. These methods learn to predict missing or marked amino acids from the context of entire sequence regions. Here, we explored how to benefit from learned protein LM representations (embeddings) to predict SAV effects. Although we have failed so far to predict SAV effects directly from embeddings, this input alone predicted residue conservation almost as accurately from single sequences as using multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) with a two-state per-residue accuracy (conserved/not) of Q2=80% (embeddings) vs. 81% (ConSeq). Considering all SAVs at all residue positions predicted as conserved to affect function reached 68.6% (Q2: effect/neutral; for PMD) without optimization, compared to an expert solution such as SNAP2 (Q2=69.8). Combining predicted conservation with BLOSUM62 to obtain variant-specific binary predictions, DMS experiments of four human proteins were predicted better than by SNAP2, and better than by applying the same simplistic approach to conservation taken from ConSeq. Thus, embedding methods have become competitive with methods relying on MSAs for SAV effect prediction at a fraction of the costs in computing/energy. This allowed prediction of SAV effects for the entire human proteome (~20k proteins) within 17 minutes on a single GPU.
TINGKAT VARIASI GENDER POSISI MANAJEMEN PUNCAK DAN KUALITAS LABA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Kristanti Putriana 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation of top management gender with earnings management. This study analyzes a sample made of Jakarta stock exchange-listed firms. Three models used in this study, first model to measure the gender variation, i.e. content analysis; the second model to analyze the earnings managemet, with regression analysis; and the third model to examine the relation of top management gender variation with earnings management, with corelation analysis. The result show that top management gender variation is not correlated with earnings management. Keywords: top management gender, earnings management
PENGARUH GENDER SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PADA HUBUNGAN ORIENTASI PASAR DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN
Authors: Kumalaningrum Maria Pampa 
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effect of gender as moderating variable on relationship between market orientation and financial performance. Market orientation reflects the degree to which firms’ strategic market planning is driven by customer and competitor intelligence. Data was analyzed using Chow analysis. The results showed that market orientation has an effect on financial performance either in female or male–owned micro business. The study also shown that gender had moderating effect on relationship between market orientation and financial performance. Keywords: gender, market orientation, and financial performance.