bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, simulation and controller design for a typical bent axis electrohydraulic servo motor
Authors: Yousef M A , El-Sanabawy M , Rabie G , Rateb R A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bent axis electrohydraulic servo motors are one of the Electrohydraulic Servo Motors (EHSMs) family which are used in high frequency, speed, and precision applications such as aerospace applications as well as many military weapon system applications. Therefore, it is essential to understand how such motors affect the whole performance of the system which makes modeling of these motors is an important task to be achieved. Once an accurate model is obtained, an optimum controller can be applied. This paper introduces detailed mathematical modeling of a typical bent axis (EHSM). MATLAB SIMULINK package is used to simulate and control such (EHSM) using PID controller. The PID controller gains were tuned using PD-PI controller to obtain the precision response for the (EHSM). The validity of mathematical modeling was reviewed through some practical experiments.
PID tuning approaches for quadrotors unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Mahfouz M , Taiomour A , Ashry M M , Elnashar G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a comparative study between different PID tunning techniques is presented. The proposed techniques are applied to solve the formation configuration problem for a cooperative team of unmanned vehicles. The formation problem for the cooperative team is divided into two levels of control, one is the backstepping control technique for the stabilization of the team members positions as a higher controller. Simultaneously, PID controller receives the desired position to stabilize the attitude control as a lower controller to track the desired planning trajectories. The main contribution of this paper is the comparison between the different control approaches in tunning the PID gains to stabilize attitude control for the leader quadrotor. Simulation results present the assessment of the proposed PID control technique compared with different PID tuning approaches such as local optimal control, fraction order, Ziegler-Nichols and genetic algorithm. Moreover, disturbance rejection and white noise attenuation criterions are inspected to evaluate the ability of the proposed controllers to preserve the stability of the system.
Design, test and build of a monopropellant thruster using 85% hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Deif A , El-S Makled A , Khalil M K , Elshaar Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research is to design, build, and test about a 5N Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) monopropellant thruster (MPT). It is utilized in remote sensing satellites for attitude control and orbit manoeuvres. The MPT uses high test peroxide (HTP) of 85 % concentration. Firstly, H2O2 ≈85% concertation by weight is prepared in the laboratory. A distillation and filtration units are built. The distillation and filtration processes are performed. Next, the design of the monopropellant thruster is done based on the developed mathematical model using NASA CEA rocket performance code. The test facility is developed which consists of the thruster, the feeding system, static test stand and data acquisition system with measuring sensors. An experimental test stand is designed and fabricated with Pendulum thrust mechanism for measurements of thrust. Finally, the silver catalyst is prepared and packed inside the MPT chamber where silver screens of high purity 99.96 % are used. The 10-firing tests are conducted under atmospheric conditions. The firings performed without heating are not completely successful. The analysis of the results shows that the thruster has a thrust range from 3.8-4.2 N. The performance of thruster starts to decay after consuming 6 kg of stabilized H2O2. The specific impulse (Is) is evaluated to be ≈93-97s at decomposition pressure of ≈10 bars and mass flow rate conf≈4.18 g/s. The performance evaluation is judged to be successful. However, using the whole potential of the 85% concentrated H2O2, is expected to increase (Is) up to ≈111.5s.
Effects of post heat treatment on the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Song Tao , Xue Zhixiang , Ma Guanbing , Chen Yang , Yuan Shuxian , Li Chenglin , Hu Yangsen , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, the microstructure, precipitations, crystal orientation and texture of an Inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) are investigated by performing post heat treatment. Horizontal and vertical reference faces are examined in the as-built condition, solution conditions for 0.5 and 1 h, and aging condition, respectively. In the as-built condition, Inconel 718 superalloy exhibited cellular and columnar dendrites, a large amount of the fine Laves phase, and several γ′ phases. During post treatment, the grain size on the horizontal face is changed, which is ranged from 502.23 to 523.55 μm2 per grain. Meanwhile, grains coarsened distinctly on the vertical face. The average area of the grain is 739.48 μm2 in the as-built condition and increases to 898.19 μm2 in the aging condition. Additionally, the amount of MC carbides, γ′, and γ″ strengthening phases increased as well during the post heat treatment process, while that of the Laves phase decreased after solution treatment. The preferred orientation on the horizontal face was 〈111〉//X, 〈001〉//Y in the as-built condition, and 〈101〉//Z in the solution and aging conditions. The preferred orientation on the vertical face was 〈001〉//X, 〈101〉//Y in the as-built condition, 〈101〉//Y in the solution condition, and 〈001〉//X in the aging condition. The orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis showed that the main textures in the as-built and solution conditions were {110}〈110〉 and {110}〈112〉, respectively, which transformed to {001}〈100〉 and {001}〈110〉 during aging. The values of multiples of uniform density (mud) in both horizontal and vertical reference faces the aforementioned preferred orientation and texture increased during post heat treatment. Application of post heat treatment can lead to an ideal microstructure Inconel 718 superalloy manufactured by SLM.
The Final Chapter of the Demise of the Pure Absolute Doctrine of State Immunity in English Law: A Swedish vignette
Authors: Beatson Jack 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A comment on the insight Johnny Veeder’s historical sense and the insight he derived from his research in archives gave him in understanding the final chapter of the story of the demise in the common law of the UK of the pure, absolute, doctrine of state or sovereign immunity in the I Congreso del Partido
Swords into Plowshares: A Pilgrimage for the CSS Alabama
Authors: Park William W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the American Civil War, Britain sold ships to the Southern Confederacy in breach of neutrality obligations, triggering a dispute with the United States carrying threats of armed conflict. Some American politicians saw the dispute as an opportunity to annex Canada, then a weak assemblage of British colonies. Ultimately, arbitration in Geneva averted war, opening an era of long Anglo-American cooperation. The historical consequence of this landmark 1872 arbitration remains difficult to overstate. In addition to its diplomatic importance, the case introduced significant procedural precedents for international arbitration, including dissenting options, reasoned awards, party-appointed arbitrators, collegial deliberations, and arbitrators’ declarations on their own jurisdiction. The saga of the CSS Alabama, the vessel from which the arbitration took its name, provides a narrative as griping in detail as the arbitral proceedings prove meaningful in legal legacy.
Functional network topology in drug resistant and well-controlled idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a resting state functional MRI study
Authors: Pegg Emily J , McKavanagh Andrea , Bracewell R Martyn , Chen Yachin , Das Kumar , Denby Christine , Kreilkamp Barbara A K , Laiou Petroula , Marson Anthony , Mohanraj Rajiv , Taylor Jason R , Keller Simon S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite an increasing number of drug treatment options for people with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), drug resistance remains a significant issue and the mechanisms underlying it remain poorly understood. Previous studies have largely focused on potential cellular or genetic explanations for drug resistance. However, epilepsy is understood to be a network disorder and there is a growing body of literature suggesting altered topology of large-scale resting networks in people with epilepsy compared with controls. We hypothesize that network alterations may also play a role in seizure control. The aim of this study was to compare resting state functional network structure between well-controlled IGE (WC-IGE), drug resistant IGE (DR-IGE) and healthy controls. Thirty-three participants with IGE (10 with WC-IGE and 23 with DR-IGE) and 34 controls were included. Resting state functional MRI networks were constructed using the Functional Connectivity Toolbox (CONN). Global graph theoretic network measures of average node strength (an equivalent measure to mean degree in a network that is fully connected), node strength distribution variance, characteristic path length, average clustering coefficient, small-world index and average betweenness centrality were computed. Graphs were constructed separately for positively weighted connections and for absolute values. Individual nodal values of strength and betweenness centrality were also measured and ‘hub nodes’ were compared between groups. Outcome measures were assessed across the three groups and between both groups with IGE and controls. The IGE group as a whole had a higher average node strength, characteristic path length and average betweenness centrality. There were no clear differences between groups according to seizure control. Outcome metrics were sensitive to whether negatively correlated connections were included in network construction. There were no clear differences in the location of ‘hub nodes’ between groups. The results suggest that, irrespective of seizure control, IGE interictal network topology is more regular and has a higher global connectivity compared to controls, with no alteration in hub node locations. These alterations may produce a resting state network that is more vulnerable to transitioning to the seizure state. It is possible that the lack of apparent influence of seizure control on network topology is limited by challenges in classifying drug response. It is also demonstrated that network topological features are influenced by the sign of connectivity weights and therefore future methodological work is warranted to account for anticorrelations in graph theoretic studies.
Role of caveolin-1 in human organ function and disease: friend or foe?
Authors: Pang Liwei , Yang Shaojie , Dai Wanlin , Wu Shuodong , Kong Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a structural protein component of caveolae, which are invaginations of the plasma membrane involved in various cellular processes, including endocytosis, extracellular matrix organization, cholesterol distribution, cell migration and signaling. Mounting evidence over the last 10–15 years has demonstrated a central role of Cav-1 in many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and fibrosis. Cav-1 plays positive and negative roles in various diseases through its different regulation pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on Cav-1 in different diseases and discuss the role of this protein in human organs and diseases.
An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research
Authors: Chesnaye Nicholas C , Stel Vianda S , Tripepi Giovanni , Dekker Friedo W , Fu Edouard L , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article we introduce the concept of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and describe how this method can be applied to adjust for measured confounding in observational research, illustrated by a clinical example from nephrology. IPTW involves two main steps. First, the probability—or propensity—of being exposed to the risk factor or intervention of interest is calculated, given an individual’s characteristics (i.e. propensity score). Second, weights are calculated as the inverse of the propensity score. The application of these weights to the study population creates a pseudopopulation in which confounders are equally distributed across exposed and unexposed groups. We also elaborate on how weighting can be applied in longitudinal studies to deal with informative censoring and time-dependent confounding in the setting of treatment-confounder feedback.
Psychological Features in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Irritable Bowel Syndrome Overlap: Developing a Preliminary Understanding of Cognitive and Behavioral Factors
Authors: Petrik Megan , Palmer Brooke , Khoruts Alexander , Vaughn Byron 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in clinical remission may experience ongoing symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, attributed to IBD–irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) overlap. This study aims to characterize the psychosocial needs of patients with IBD–IBS overlap, particularly in regard to cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Methods
Adults with an established IBD diagnosis were recruited from a gastroenterology clinic. Participants completed self-report questionnaires about psychological functioning and quality of life. The Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Adults-IBS Module assessed IBS criteria. The treating gastroenterologist completed a clinician rating of IBD activity to determine clinical disease activity. Biomarkers of inflammation collected in routine care within 90 days of the research encounter were obtained via medical record review to further contextualize IBD activity status. Participants were separated into the following groups: “inactive IBD” (IBD activity rating indicating inactive disease and no IBS criteria met), “active IBD” (IBD activity rating indicating mild, moderate, or severe regardless of IBS criteria), or “IBD–IBS overlap” (IBD activity rating indicating inactive disease and IBS criteria met).

Results
One hundred and seventeen participants were recruited. Those with IBD–IBS overlap reported no significant differences in ratings of anxiety, depression, somatization, catastrophic thinking patterns, and behavioral avoidance, to patients with active IBD whereas participants with inactive IBD reported significantly lower ratings on these factors. However, a significant portion of participants with IBD–IBS overlap who were rated as inactive on IBD activity measures had laboratory or endoscopic findings indicating mild inflammation within 90 days of the research encounter.

Conclusions
The study findings provide preliminary evidence that suggests patients with IBD–IBS overlap display similar rates of psychological distress, catastrophic thinking, and avoidance behaviors as those with active IBD. Those with mild ongoing inflammation despite meeting a definition for clinical remission may have similar psychological needs compared to those with moderate-to-severely active IBD. Incorporating a mental health provider with training in psychogastroenterology can help a patient with IBD learn how to effectively with these cognitive and behavioral patterns.
The Limited Scope of the Democratic Peace: What We Are Missing
Authors: Owsiak Andrew P , Vasquez John A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe democratic peace program arguably constitutes one of the most successful empirical research programs in the discipline. Its main empirical finding motivated extensive theorizing (e.g., challengers, as well as distinct theoretical enterprises), sparked further debate about how to conceptualize and operationalize democracy, and shifted the foreign policy discourse, particularly in the United States. Lost in these successes, however, is a critical unanswered question: how much interstate peace can the democratic peace potentially explain? We explore these limits (i.e., scope, or empirical coverage) in this study. We first identify the peaceful dyadic relationships—namely those that never go to war across long historical periods. We next classify these dyads as democratic (i.e., both members are democracies) or nondemocratic. The empirical analysis then examines this democracy–peace relationship across three time periods, three distinct samples (which address potential false positives), two definitions of “peace,” and two thresholds for democracy. Regardless of how we approach the data, only 4–26 percent of all peaceful dyads qualify as “democratic.” Because we control for the obvious trivial explanation (insufficient capabilities due to distance), some other (set of) factor(s) must account for the majority of interstate peace. We close with a discussion about where future research might search for these factors, as well as the larger policy implications of the study.
Case Report: Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Acetate–associated Scleral Necrosis: Is It Really Obsolete?
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Bafna Rahul Kumar , Chetan Chetan , Sharma Namrata 
Published: August 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Recent studies have established the safety of subconjunctival steroids for anterior scleritis, refuting scleral necrosis as a potential complication. However, presently, we report a rare case of scleral necrosis associated with subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to report a case of scleral necrosis after subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate administration for nonresponsive anterior nodular scleritis.

CASE REPORT
A 45-year-old man diagnosed with nodular anterior scleritis was administered subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate (4 mg) adjacent to the nodule after noting nonresponse for 4 months. Worsening of congestion was noted 3 weeks after the injection. Slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse congestion, 10 clock hours of anterior scleral necrosis, superior whitish depot of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate, anterior segment flare, and few posterior synechiae. Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging and contrast-enhanced computerized tomography showed a localized outpouching of sclera and buckling of anterior scleral wall superiorly. The result of the comprehensive blood profile and systemic evaluation undertaken to rule out any underlying autoimmune disorders and herpes zoster ophthalmicus was found negative. A diagnosis of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate–associated scleral necrosis was made, and the patient was managed conservatively. Gradual improvement with dissolution of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate and no recurrences till 2 years of follow-up were noted.

CONCLUSIONS
Scleral necrosis is a potential complication of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate. Judicious and cautious use of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate is advocated for nonresolving anterior scleritis.
Devosia beringensis sp. nov., isolated from surface sediment of the Bering Sea
Authors: Zhang Yu-Xin , Yu Yong , Luo Wei , Zeng Yin-Xin , Du Zong-Jun , Li Hui-Rong 
Published: August 2021

Strain S02T was isolated from a surface sediment sample collected from the Bering Sea (64.3361° N, 170.9541° W). The cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile and rod-shaped. The temperature range for growth was 4–25 °C and the pH for growth was 5.5–9.0, with optimum growth occurring at 20–25 °C and pH 7.0–8.0. Growth occurred in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–5 %). Strain S02T had menaquinone-8 as the major respiratory quinone and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c), C16:0, C17 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c /C16 : 1
ω7c), C17 : 0 and C18 : 0 as major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was approximately 63.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S02T belonged to the genus

Devosia

. Strain S02T showed the highest sequence similarities to

Devosia psychrophila

Cr7-05T (97.5 %),

Devosia naphthalenivorans

CM5-1T (97.7 %),

Devosia submarina

KMM 9415T (97.4 %),

Devosia epidermidihirudinis

E84T (97.44 %),

Devosia euplotis

LIV5T (97.1 %) and

Devosia limi

DSM 17137T (96.7 %). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, a novel species of the genus

Devosia

, Devosia beringensis sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain S02T (=JCM 33772=CCTCC AB 2019343).
Comparative analyses of FDA EUA-approved rapid antigen tests and RT-PCR for COVID-19 quarantine and surveillance-based isolation
Authors: Wells Chad R. , Pandey Abhishek , Moghadas Seyed M. , Singer Burton H. , Krieger Gary , Heron Richard J.L. , Turner David E. , Abshire Justin P. , Phillips Kimberly M. , Michael Donoghue A. , Galvani Alison P. , Townsend Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid antigen (RA) tests are being increasingly employed to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in quarantine and surveillance. Prior research has focused on RT-PCR testing, a single RA test, or generic diagnostic characteristics of RA tests in assessing testing strategies.MethodsFor 18 RA tests with emergency use authorization from the United States of America FDA and an RT-PCR test, we conducted a comparative analysis of the post-quarantine transmission, the effective reproduction number during serial testing, and the false-positive rates. To quantify the extent of transmission, we developed an analytical mathematical framework informed by COVID-19 infectiousness, test specificity, and temporal diagnostic sensitivity data.ResultsWe demonstrate that the relative effectiveness of RA and RT-PCR tests in reducing post-quarantine transmission depends on the quarantine duration and the turnaround time of testing results. For quarantines of two days or shorter, conducting a RA test on exit from quarantine reduces onward transmission more than a single RT-PCR test (with a 24-h delay) conducted upon exit. Applied to a complementary approach of performing serial testing at a specified frequency paired with isolation of positives, we have shown that RA tests outperform RT-PCR with a 24-h delay. The results from our modeling framework are consistent with quarantine and serial testing data collected from a remote industry setting.ConclusionsThese RA test-specific results are an important component of the tool set for policy decision-making, and demonstrate that judicious selection of an appropriate RA test can supply a viable alternative to RT-PCR in efforts to control the spread of disease.Plain language summaryPrevious research has determined optimal timing for testing in quarantine and the utility of different frequencies of testing for disease surveillance using RT-PCR and generalized rapid antigen tests.However, these strategies can depend on the specific rapid antigen test used. By examining 18 rapid antigen tests, we demonstrate that a single rapid antigen test performs better than RT-PCR when quarantines are two days or less in duration. In the context of disease surveillance, the ability of a rapid antigen test to provide results quickly counteracts its lower sensitivity with potentially more false positives. These analytical results based on highly controlled test validation were consistent with real-world data obtained from quarantine and serial testing in an industrial setting.