bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic Nexus Between Financial Development, Renewable Energy and Carbon Emission: Role of Globalization and Institutional Quality Across BRI Countries
Authors: Sheraz Muhammad , Deyi Xu , Mumtaz Muhammad Zubair , Ullah Atta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This empirical study examines the endogenous relationship between carbon emission (CO2), financial development, renewable energy, globalization, and institutional quality in 64 belt and road initiative countries (BRI) using a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) approach with panel data over the period 2003 to 2018. Furthermore, this study used (Dumitrescu & Hurlin, 2012) causality test to estimate the variables’ causal relationship. The results indicate that financial development significantly increases CO2 emissions and causes environmental degradation in BRI countries. However, renewable energy and globalization mitigate CO2 emission and improve the quality of the environment. Institutional quality was found to be positive in correlation with CO2 emission and indicates bad governance, corruption, weak bureaucracy, and improper implementation of environmental laws cause environmental degradation. Further, the study also reports a bidirectional relationship of financial development, renewable energy, and institutional quality with CO2 emission and a unidirectional causality running from globalization to CO2 emission in BRI countries. This study offers insight to policymakers to restructure the financial system, energy consumption pattern, and global integration and to improve institutions’ quality for a sustainable environment and the economy at the national and regional levels.
Nicotinamide Riboside for the Prevention and Treatment of Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy. Opportunities and Prospects.
Authors: Podyacheva Ekaterina , Toropova Yana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Despite the progress in the development of new anticancer strategies, cancer is rapidly spreading around the world and remains one of the most common diseases. At the same time, oncological diseases are detected in patients with late stages of the course in the overwhelming majority of cases. This fact necessitates chemotherapy both as part of a combination and in the view of an independent form of treatment. For more than 40 years, doxorubicin has been widely used in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. At the same time, the problem of its cardiotoxicity remains unresolved, despite the high efficiency of this drug. Symptomatic therapy is used as a treatment for side-effects of doxorubicin or pathological conditions that have already appeared on their background. To date, there are no treatment methods for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy as such. A drug such as nicotinamide riboside can play an important role in solving this problem. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine nucleoside similar to vitamin B3 that acts as a precursor to NAD+. There are no such works in cardiomyopathy, despite the abundance of works devoted to the mechanisms of realization of the effects of nicotinamide riboside in various pathologies. The review analyzes information about the effects of NR on various experimental models of pathologies, its role in the synthesis of NAD+, and also considers the possibility and prospects of its use for the prevention of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
Perceived Health, Psychological Distress, and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults With Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Lagged Analyses
Authors: Lee Sunwoo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGrowing number of ageing population adds to the increase in the number of the patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examines how perceived health, psychological distress, and subjective well-being evolve in older adults with PD.MethodsA cross-lagged study design was employed using data from Waves 4 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). In total, 421 older adults diagnosed with PD at the baseline (46% female; mean age 74.98 ± 9.05 years) were followed-up with a 4-year lag. Auto-regressive effects and cross-lagged associations between the measured variables were examined in reciprocal models. ResultsIndividual differences in perceived health, psychological distress, and subjective well-being were relatively stable over the 4-year lag. A final reciprocal model with significant cross-lagged effects well-explained the underlying structure of the sample data.DiscussionEarly behavioral and psychological intervention at disease onset will play a pivotal role in maintaining a sense of well-being among older adults with PD.
Characteristics of Genomic Mutations and Signaling Pathway Alterations in Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Yang Weiling , Chen Sai , Cheng Xinxing , Xu Bo , Zeng Huilan , Zou Jianyong , Su Chunhua , Chen Zhenguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To elucidate mechanisms of thymic epithelial tumor (TET) canceration through characterization of genomic mutations and signal pathway alterations.Methods: Primary tumor and blood samples were collected from 21 patients diagnosed with TETs (thymoma and thymic cancer), 15 of whom were screened by nucleic acid extraction and total exon sequencing. Bioinformatics was used to comprehensively analyze sequencing data for these samples, including differences in tumor mutation burden (TMB) and signaling pathways.Results: We found that the gene with the highest mutation frequency in thymic carcinoma was ZNF429 (36%). In addition, mutations in BAP1 (14%), ABI1 (7%), BCL9L (7%), CHEK2 (7%) were only detected in thymic carcinoma, whereas ZNF721 mutations (7%) were found only in thymoma. Mean TMB values for thymic carcinoma and thymoma groups were 0.722 and 0.663 mutations per megabase (Mb), respectively, differences that were not statistically significant. There were significant differences in enriched pathways for cellular components between tumor metastasis and non-metastatic samples. The ErbB signaling pathway was enriched in both the thymoma group and the intersection group, whereas “pathways in cancer” was found in both the thymoma group and thymic cancer group. In contrast, enrichment of longevity-regulating and MAPK signaling pathways was found only in the thymoma group.Conclusions: We identified multiple differences in somatic genes and pathways, providing insights into differences between thymoma and thymic carcinoma that could aid in designing personalized clinical therapy.
Superamphiphobic and Flame-Resistant Cotton Fabrics for Protective Clothing
Authors: Liu Xiang , Shao Qingqing , Cao Jiqiang , Du Zhaoqun , Yu Weidong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Superamphiphobic and flame-retardant finishing of cotton fabric can significantly improve its protective properties to expand its applications, such as protective clothing. However, creating such materials is still a challenging issue. Herein, we present a facile strategy to fabricate superamphiphobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric (SFC) via step-by-step dip-coating and spraying technology. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) endows cotton fabric excellent flame retardancy. The robust coating formed by the polymerization product of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA) and 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H - perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane (FOCS) can not only protect APP from being damaged, but also trap air to form "air plastron", which makes SFC have excellent antifouling, chemical repellence and self-cleaning. The resulting SFC exhibited superamphiphobicity and flame retardancy with water contact angle of 161°, oil contact angle of 158° and LOI of 30%. After UV irradiation, mechanical damage, 180° oven heating and ultrasonic washing, it still maintains excellent hydrophobicity without loss of flame retardancy. This study expands the potential applications of cotton and provides feasible technologies for improving the overall efficiency of cotton.
Drivers of Avian Diversity and Abundance Across Gradients of Human Influence.
Authors: Padilla Benjamin J. , Sutherland Chris 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context: Identifying factors driving patterns of species communities in heterogenous human-dominated landscapes remains elusive despite extensive research. Biodiversity is thought to decrease with habitat modification, as sensitive species are lost. Conversely, diversity has also been shown increase at moderate levels of landscape modification where greater habitat heterogeneity supports a diverse suite of species.Objectives: We explore patterns of avian and diversity and abundance in heterogenous landscapes using a novel integration of multiple dimensional gradients of human-mediated disturbance.Methods: We attempt to identify aspects of landscape heterogeneity driving patterns of avian diversity and abundance in agro-urban-rural systems. Specifically, we utilize an intuitive multi-dimensional gradient distinguishing between two axes of human-influence, variation in the built environment (hard - soft) and in agricultural development (green - brown). We use these as covariates in community N-mixture models to describe variation in species abundance and diversity.Results: Avian diversity was greatest in more heterogeneous regions of the landscape. Responses of individual species were variable, with sensitive species declining, while generalist species increased, leading to higher overall diversity in human-dominated regions. Conclusions: Species abundance and diversity is maximized in more heterogeneous parts of landscape mosaics. By characterizing distinct axes of human influence that capture spectrum of land use, we can identify differential effects confounded in traditional landscape metrics. Critically, we demonstrate that multi-dimensional landscape gradients provide a more nuanced understanding of how patterns of biodiversity emerge. Acknowledging that biodiversity is not always negatively impacted by habitat disturbance offers encouraging insight to guide conservation and management in human-dominated landscapes.
PET/CT Radiomics in Breast Cancer: Promising Tool for the Prediction of the Ki67 Expression
Authors: Shen Cong , Han Dong , Li Yunxuan , Zheng Anqi , Nie Qi , Ding Chengyu , Duan Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the values of radiomics parameters derived from 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging in the prediction of ki-67 expression in breast cancer patients.Patients and methods: A total of 115 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT were included in this study. The Ki-67 proliferation index was determined from the pathological specimen as positive or negative. Radiomics features were extracted by pyRadiomics and reduced by Independent t-test and least absolute shrinkage selection operator. The radiomics risk score (RRS) was calculated with all the selected features. RRS incorporated with clinical-pathological features were used to construct a binary logistic regression and nomogram classifier. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to predict the accuracy. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess clinical utility. Results: Totally 944 features were reduced to 14 predictors. RRS were significantly differed between the ki67+ and ki67- groups (0.440 ± 0.473 and 1.039 ± 0.430; t = -6.663, p < 0.001). In the binary logistic regression, N stage (OR [95%CI], 5.752 [2.032, 16.286], p<0.001) and RRS (OR [95%CI], 20.540 [5.521, 76.423], p<0.001) were independent factors in predicting Ki67 expression. In ROC analysis, AUC was 0.866 (0.790, 0.922), (p<0.001), with sensitivity, specificity, Youden index and cutoff value of 82.50%, 80.00%, 0.6250 and 0.6672, respectively. DCA indicated that use of the clinical-radiomic nomogram had more benefit than utilizing either clinical or radiomic features alone.Conclusion: The radiomics-derived evaluation score combined with N stage could effectively predict Ki67 expression in breast cancer, enabling proper patient selection for treatment.
Association Between Osteoarthritis and Water Fluoride Among Tongyu Residents, China 2019: A Case-control of Population-based Study
Authors: Sowanou Alphonse , Meng Xinyue , Zhong Nan , Ma Yongzheng , Li Ailin , Wang Jian , Li Hanying , Pei Junrui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Fluoride is an environmental chemical that has adverse effects on health, probably increasing osteoarthritis (OA) risk. However, whether fluoride is a serious risk factor for OA is still inconsistent among current evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between chronic fluoride exposure and OA risk among the residents living in Tongyu County, China 2019.Method: 186 cases and 186 controls aged 26 to 86 years were recruited after x-ray examination with Kellgren and Lawrence criteria by two independent evaluators. Urinary fluoride (UF) in a spot sample was measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode, and water fluoride data were used as community level of exposure. Associations between fluoride exposure and OA risk were examined by the unconditional logistic regression. Covariates included age, gender, body mass index, duration of living, daily water drunk, income, sport and filter use with stratified analysis.Results: Mean UF concentration 2.54 ± 1.22 mg/L was higher than the mean of community water fluoride concentration 1.49 ± 0.32 mg/L. The mean UF concentration 2.73 ± 1.18 mg/L was significantly higher in cases compared to 2.35 ± 1.24 mg/L in controls group (p < 0.02). In full sample analysis, a 1mg/L increase in UF level was associated with a 27% higher risk of OA (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.52, p = 0.008), and 4th quartile participants were associated with higher risk when compared to 1st quartile (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.34 – 4.57, p = 0.003). In stratified analysis, compared to 1st quartile, 4th quartile participants were 4 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 1.86 – 8.82, p = 0.000) in the non-obese group, 7.7 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 2.58 – 25.05, p = 0.000) among adults ≤ 60-year and 12 times more likely to have OA (95% CI: 2.15 – 99.65, p = 0.008) in non-obese adult women ≤ 60-year group.Conclusion: Water fluoride exposure may increase OA risk and could have more impact on a specific group such as non-obese and adult ≤ 60-year population.
A case of COVID-19 with superficial thrombophlebitis caused by an indwelling peripheral venous catheter
Authors: Tachi Hiroaki , Hanazawa Midori , Matsuda Takashi , Shimizu Kei , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cytokine storm and microthrombus formation affect the severity of the disease, which is often complicated by venous thrombosis due to a systemic hypercoagulable state. On the other hand, indwelling peripheral venous catheters can cause catheter-related bloodstream infections and venous thrombus formation, albeit less frequently. Case presentation: A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19. He had bilateral pneumonia and required ventilator management but recovered after steroid and anticoagulation. On the 26th day after onset, redness, swelling, and pain developed around the insertion site of the catheter placed in the cephalic vein of the left forearm. Vascular ultrasonography revealed a thrombus in this vein accompanied by inflammation in the surrounding tissues. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was suspected and vancomycin was administered; however, blood cultures were negative, leading to the diagnosis of non-infectious superficial thrombophlebitis. The skin findings improved after removal of the peripheral venous catheter. Conclusions: This case suggested that catheter placement in peripheral veins during COVID-19 treatment increases the risk of thrombus formation. Although anticoagulant therapy is able to control the systemic hypercoagulable state caused by COVID-19, indwelling catheters can induce a local hypercoagulable state, leading to superficial thrombophlebitis.
Trend and Change-Point Detection Analyses of Rainfall and Temperature Over the Awash River Basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Yitea Seneshaw , Li Ming-Hsu , Pun Iam-Fei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Awash River basin (ARB) as a system is in a state of continuous change that requires successive studies to discern the changes or trends of climatic elements through time due to climate change/variability, and other socio-economical developmental activities in the basin. The livelihood of communities in the ARB is primarily based on rainfall-dependent agriculture. Effects of rainfall anomalies such as reduction of agricultural productivity, water scarcity, and food insecurity are becoming more prevalent in this area. In recent years, ARB experienced more frequent and intense spatio-temporal rainfall anomalies, which make the shift and trend analyses of rainfall associated with sea surface temperature crucial in providing guidance to improve agricultural productivity.Method: Change-point detection tests (Pettit’s, the von Neumann ratio (VNR), Buishand’s range (BR) and standard normal homogeneity (SNH)) and Mann-Kendall (MK) trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data from 29 meteorological stations in the ARB were carried out from 1986 to 2016.Results: A significant increasing trend of annual and seasonal temperature was found. The temperature change-points for the annual and major rainy season (MRS) were detected in 2001, while for the minor rainy season (mRS) in 1997. A significant decreasing trend, shift, and high variability of rainfall were detected in the downstream part of the ARB. The BR and SNH results showed that the mRS rainfall change-point was in 1998, with a subsequent mean annual decrease of 52.5 mm. The increase (decrease) of rainfall in the annual and MRS was attributable to La Niña (El Niño) events.Conclusions: The significant decreasing trend and change-point of rainfall in the mRS was attributable to the steady warming of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, local warming, and La Niña events. With this knowledge of the current trends and change-point for rainfall and temperature in the ARB, it is therefore essential that appropriate integrated water management and water-harvesting technologies are established, especially in the downstream areas. Moreover, early detection of El Niño episodes would provide invaluable warning of impending rainfall anomalies in the ARB and would enable better preparations to mitigate its negative effects.
Occupational Stress, Psychological Distress, Physical Symptoms, and their Interrelationships among Frontline Nurses Treating Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Nishihara Tomoe , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Ohashi Ayako , Kuroiwa Mika , Sudo Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented mental health challenges to healthcare workers. Because of the urgency of the situation, this study was done to determine the amount of COVID-19-related occupational stress, psychosomatic symptoms, psychological distress, and their correlations among frontline nurses during and after the peak of the outbreak in Japan. Methods: Sixteen frontline nurses, aged 25-52 years, working in a ward with COVID-19 patients participated. Two months after the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan, the COVID-19-related occupational stress scale (COS, questionnaire items: fear of infection, increased workload) and physical symptom scale (PS, questionnaire items: gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, appetite loss, insomnia) were assessed. The degree of general psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Scale (K6). At the same time, the participants were asked to recall their condition during the peak period of the first wave and to rate it using the same scale. Results: The COS, PS, and K6 scores during the peak period were all significantly higher than those two months after the peak. There were positive correlations between K6 and COS scores and between K6 and PS scores during the peak period (rs=.574, P=.020 and rs=.587, P=.017, respectively). However, these correlations were not significant two months after the peak. The correlation analysis including COS and K6 or PS showed that increased workload was positively correlated with K6 and PS scores during the peak period (rs=.869, P<.001; rs=.519, P=.040, respectively). In the post-peak period, a positive correlation was found only between increased workload and K6 score (rs=.686, P=.005). Insomnia was positively correlated with the K6 score both in the peak and post-peak periods (rs=.656, P=.006 and rs=.565, P=. 028). Conclusions: Among these Japanese nurses working in COVID-19 wards, COVID-19-related occupational stress, psychological distress, and physical symptoms were all decreased after the peak period compared with the peak period. During the peak period, associations were found between COVID-19-related occupational stress and psychological distress and between psychological distress and physical symptoms. Increased workload and insomnia were associated with psychological distress in both the peak and post-peak periods, and increased workload was associated with physical symptoms during the peak period.
Healthy Lifestyle Score and Incidence of Glaucoma: the Sun Project
Authors: Moreno-Montañés Javier , Fernández-Montero Alejandro , Gándara Elsa , Gutierrez-Ruiz Itziar , Moreno-Galarraga Laura , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Martínez-González Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The relationship between healthy lifestyles, diet, and glaucoma remains controversial. In this study, we analyse the effect of Mediterranean Lifestyle (ML) on glaucoma incidence in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort. Participants (n=18 420) initially free of glaucoma were followed for a mean of 10.8 years. The SUN Healthy Lifestyle Score (SHLS) ranging from 0 to 10 points included 10 healthy habits: never having smoked, moderate to high physical activity (>20 MET-hour/week), Mediterranean diet (≥4/8 adherence points), moderate alcohol consumption (women, 0.1-5.0 g/d; men, 0.1-10.0 g/d), low television exposure (<2 h/day), no binge drinking (≤5 alcoholic drinks at any time), a short afternoon nap (<30 min/day), meeting up with friends (> 1 h/day), working at least 40 h/week and low body mass index (BMI≤22). Information is collected biennially through self-reported questionnaires. The relationship between new cases of glaucoma and the SHLS was assessed by logistic regression using a hazard ratio. Crude, multi-adjusted and sensitivity analysis were performed. During follow-up, we observed 261 (1.42%) new cases of glaucoma. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the healthiest category of SHLS (7-10 points) showed a significantly reduced risk of glaucoma compared to those in the lowest SHLS category (0-3 points) (adjusted HR=0.51, 95% CI=0.28-0.93). For each point added to the SHLS the risk of glaucoma relatively dropped by 5%. In conclusion, higher adherence to a ML, measured by the SHLS, was significantly associated with lower risk of developing glaucoma. The ML is a protective factor for glaucoma incidence.