bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised International Prognostic Index and genetic alterations are associated with early failure to R‐CHOP in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Dlouhy Ivan , Karube Kennosuke , Enjuanes Anna , Salaverria Itziar , Nadeu Ferran , Ramis‐Zaldivar Juan Enric , Valero Juan G. , Rivas‐Delgado Alfredo , Magnano Laura , Martin‐García David , Pérez‐Galán Patricia , Clot Guillem , Rovira Jordina , Jares Pedro , Balagué Olga , Giné Eva , Mozas Pablo , Briones Javier , Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Salar Antonio , Mercadal Santiago , Alcoceba Miguel , Valera Alexandra , Campo Elías , López‐Guillermo Armando 
Published: October 2021

SummaryRelapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases have a poor outcome. Here we analysed clinico‐biological features in 373 DLBCL patients homogeneously treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R‐CHOP), in order to identify variables associated with early failure to treatment (EF), defined as primary refractoriness or relapse within 12 months from diagnosis. In addition to clinical features, mutational status of 106 genes was studied by targeted next‐generation sequencing in 111 cases, copy number alterations in 87, and gene expression profile (GEP) in 39. Ninety‐seven cases (26%) were identified as EF and showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Patients with B symptoms, advanced stage, high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or β2‐microglobulin, low lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and higher Revised International Prognostic Index (R‐IPI) scores, as well as those with BCL2 rearrangements more frequently showed EF, with R‐IPI being the most important in logistic regression. Mutations in NOTCH2, gains in 5p15·33 (TERT), 12q13 (CDK2), 12q14·1 (CDK4) and 12q15 (MDM2) showed predictive importance for EF independently from R‐IPI. GEP studies showed that EF cases were significantly enriched in sets related to cell cycle regulation and inflammatory response, while cases in response showed over‐representation of gene sets related to extra‐cellular matrix and tumour microenvironment.
Apostolic voting
Authors: Savčić Ružica , Xefteris Dimitrios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study electoral competition under the so‐called Apostolic voting rule (AVR) in the framework of the Hotelling–Downs model (Osborne 1993). The AVR is a two‐stage election procedure composed of a voting stage and a lottery stage: the voters vote for the candidate they like best, and each of the two most‐voted candidates is elected with even probability. Under standard assumptions regarding the voters’ preferences, we show that the AVR leads to a unique—up to permutations of the players’ identities—equilibrium: only two candidates enter in the electoral race, and they choose distinct policy platforms. This is the first rule proven to support an essentially unique equilibrium in this popular model. Our analysis highlights that, as long as candidates do not compete for a single first place (as in standard plurality or runoff elections) but for a number of them (as under the AVR), strategic incentives alter dramatically and lead to stable and predictable configurations.
#WeAreNotWaiting DIY artificial pancreas systems and challenges for the law
Authors: Dickson Rachael , Bell Jessica , Dar Amber , Downey Laura , Moore Victoria , Quigley Muireann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommercial hybrid closed‐loop systems are becoming more readily available, yet the number of DIY artificial pancreas system (DIY APS) users continues to rise. These DIY systems have not gone through the usual regulatory approvals processes, and, thus, present a number of legal difficulties for a number of actors, including clinicians, parents who build DIY APS for their children, and users themselves. These issues have so far received insufficient attention. Due to the complex constellation of actors involved in both development of DIY APSs and in its deployment, it is not currently clear who, and to what extent, different parties might (successfully) be held liable if something goes wrong. Despite this uncertainty, unless and until clearer guidance is issued by relevant bodies, or a case appears before the courts which clarifies the situation, existing legal principles apply. In this article, we examine some of these to shed light on how the law would likely be applied if harm were to result from the use of a DIY APS.
Testing multi‐stakeholder dialogue for better local governance in Niger: An experiment. Can we talk our way out of development problems?
Authors: BenYishay Ariel , Mueller Lisa , Nolan Katherine , Roessler Philip 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMotivationMulti‐stakeholder dialogues (MSDs) are a popular tool to promote good governance in the global south, but it remains unclear whether they actually bring about the deeper benefits they are designed to achieve, namely better government responsiveness and higher public confidence in political institutions.Niger is one of the least developed countries in the world and one where citizens consistently report low confidence in government.PurposeWe test the impact of MSDs on government responsiveness and public confidence in political institutions in Niger.Specifically, we test whether MSDs in communes focused on education and health improve relations between citizens and leaders, make processes more representative, and increase resources for local service delivery.We test whether MSDs improve citizen perceptions of government: legitimacy, responsiveness, democracy, and honesty. We test whether they increase citizen participation, including through petitions and messaging.Methods and approachRandomized controlled trial and surveys.FindingsMSDs had virtually no positive impact on any of the 10 tests we conducted, with no appreciable improvements in local political leadership or in citizen engagement with, and confidence in, the state and its services.The null results may arise from the limited time the MSDs were run, or they may reflect the extremely difficult conditions for better local governance seen in Niger.Policy implicationsThe findings, though possibly discouraging for policy implementers, provide a valuable opportunity to contemplate how multi‐stakeholder frameworks might be made more effective and whether to prioritize alternative frameworks for democracy and development in countries like Niger.MSDs may be worth continuing in combination with other interventions, or simply in the interest of an inclusive, ethical approach to development.
Rhythmic sampling revisited: Experimental paradigms and neural mechanisms
Authors: Kienitz Ricardo , Schmid Michael C. , Dugué Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSampling of information is thought to be an important aspect of explorative behaviour. Evidence for it has been gained in behavioural assessments of a variety of overt and covert cognitive domains, including sensation, attention, memory, eye movements and dexterity. A common aspect across many findings is that sampling tends to exhibit a rhythmicity at low frequencies (theta, 4–8 Hz; alpha, 9–12 Hz). Neurophysiological investigations in a wide range of species, including rodents, non‐human primates and humans have demonstrated the presence of sampling related neural oscillations in a number of brain areas ranging from early sensory cortex, hippocampus to high‐level cognitive areas. However, to assess whether rhythmic sampling represents a general aspect of exploratory behaviour one must critically evaluate the task parameters, and their potential link with neural oscillations. Here we focus on sampling during attentive vision to present an overview on the experimental conditions that are used to investigate rhythmic sampling and associated oscillatory brain activity in this domain. This review aims to (1) provide guidelines to efficiently quantify behavioural rhythms, (2) compare results from human and non‐human primate studies and (3) argue that the underlying neural mechanisms of sampling can co‐occur in both sensory and high‐level areas.
Clinical characteristics and postoperative seizure outcome in patients with mild malformation of cortical development and oligodendroglial hyperplasia
Authors: Gaballa Ahmed , Woermann Friedrich G. , Cloppenborg Thomas , Kalbhenn Thilo , Blümcke Ingmar , Bien Christian G. , Fauser Susanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe describe for the first time clinical characteristics in a series of 20 pre‐surgically investigated patients with mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) who were operated on in our epilepsy center. We aimed to better diagnose this entity and help surgical planning.MethodsData on 20 patients with histologically confirmed MOGHE were retrospectively evaluated as to age at epilepsy onset and operation, seizure semiology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localization, electroencephalography (EEG) patterns, extent of the operative resection, and postoperative seizure outcome.ResultsEpilepsy began mainly in early childhood; however, symptoms did not manifest until adolescence or adulthood in 30% of patients. All patients had pathologic MRI findings. In 45% of patients the lesion was initially overlooked. Most commonly, the lesion was seen in the frontal lobe. Seizure semiology was characterized as follows: (1) epileptic spasms at epilepsy onset were common and (2) nocturnal hyperkinetic seizures during the course of the disease were rare. EEG always showed frequent interictal epileptic discharges. Two peculiar patterns were observed: (1) during sleep stage I‐II, sub‐continuous repetitive (0.5–1.5/s) unilateral plump spike/polyspike slow waves were seen and (2) during wakefulness, unilateral paroxysms of 2–2.5/s spike‐wave complexes occurred. In total, 60% of patients were seizure‐free 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative seizure outcome was positively correlated with the extent of resection, age at epilepsy onset, and age at operation. Postoperative long‐term outcomes remained stable in patients undergoing larger operations.SignificanceMRI, EEG, and semiology already contribute to the diagnosis of probable MOGHE preoperatively. Because postoperative seizure outcomes depend on the extent of the resection, prior knowledge of a probable MOGHE helps to plan the resection and balance the risks and benefits of such an intervention. In patients undergoing larger operations, epilepsy surgery achieved good postoperative results; the first long‐term outcome data were stable in these patients.
Chronic mechanical trauma/irritation and oral carcinoma: A systematic review showing low evidence to support an association
Authors: Pentenero Monica , Azzi Lorenzo , Lodi Giovanni , Manfredi Maddalena , Varoni Elena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic trauma of oral mucosa, resulting from repeated and persistent mechanical irritative action of an intraoral injury agent, has repeatedly been reported to be possibly implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).ObjectivesThe present systematic review aimed to assess whether chronic mechanical trauma can be considered a risk factor for OSCC.Data sourcesPubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus; EMBASE, Web of Science.Study eligibility criteriaCohort studies comparing OSCC incidence among subjects with/without chronic mechanical trauma or case–control or cross‐sectional studies comparing chronic mechanical trauma among subjects with/without OSCC.ResultsOnly one prospective case–control study fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but the quality of the evidence provided is not enough to define trauma as a risk factor for OSCC. The main limitation is the presence of only one case–control study at high risk of bias.In the absence of strong evidence supporting the role of trauma in OSCC, a thorough discussion on trauma and carcinogenesis has been performed.ConclusionsAvailable evidence does not support an active role for chronic trauma in oral carcinogenesis, neither as promoter nor as progressor factor. Prospective cohort studies able to better assess trauma in OSCC are needed.
Intrahepatic venous collaterals in dogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are associated with focal shunt or hepatic vein narrowing
Authors: Seller Stephanie , Weisse Chick , Fischetti Anthony J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) occasionally have multiple smaller intrahepatic, tortuous blood vessels surrounding the primary shunt. This study was a retrospective, observational design that was also descriptive and anatomic in nature. Objectives were to characterize vascular morphology in IHPSS dogs presenting with intrahepatic venous collaterals (IVCs) relative to IHPSS dogs without IVCs, and to propose reasons for IVC development. The authors hypothesized that (a) IVCs develop secondary to flow resistance around a focal area of a shunt or draining hepatic vein narrowing and (b) the presence of IVC is associated with portal vessel development before intervention. Anonymized CT angiograms (CTA) and fluoroscopic portovenograms (FPV) of dogs with IHPSS were evaluated for the presence of IVCs, focal narrowing within the IHPSS, and intrahepatic portal vessels >5 mm long. Eleven of 47 (23%) dogs had IVCs identified. IVCs were significantly associated with focal narrowing in the shunt or draining hepatic vein on CTA (P = 0.039) and FPV (P = 0.021). IVCs were not associated with the presence of intrahepatic portal branches >5 mm long on portovenography (P = 0.42) or CTA (P = 0.49). Focal narrowing in the shunt (circumferential soft tissue narrowing >20% of the shunt diameter) was significantly associated with intrahepatic portal branches >5 mm long on both modalities (P < 0.001). IVCs are associated with focal narrowing of the shunt or draining hepatic vein in dogs with IHPSS. IVC should be distinguished from other conditions when evaluating a CTA for canine IHPSS.
Fungal balls detected using ultrasonography in the urinary bladder of a dog
Authors: Choo Donghyeok , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 9‐year‐old dog was presented with hematuria and urinary incontinence. Ultrasonography revealed multiple mobile echogenic ball‐shaped structures without distal acoustic shadowing within the lumen. A cystocentesis was performed and a urinalysis of the urine revealed fungus. Candida albicans was identified using an additional urine culture. The patient was finally diagnosed with fungal cystitis with mobile fungal balls and managed with Itraconazole. Follow‐up ultrasonography demonstrated the resolution of cystitis without fungal balls. Our findings suggest that fungal balls should be considered as a differential diagnosis when echogenic mobile ball‐shaped structures are identified in the urinary bladder of a diabetic or immunocompromised patient.
Balancing inverted pendulum cart on inclines using accelerometers
Authors: Woods Cole , Vikas Vishesh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The balance of inverted pendulum on inclined surfaces is the precursor to their control in unstructured environments. Researchers have devised control algorithms with feedback from contact (encoders - placed at the pendulum joint) and non-contact (gyroscopes, tilt) sensors. We present feedback control of Inverted Pendulum Cart (IPC) on variable inclines using non-contact sensors and a modified error function. The system is in the state of equilibrium when it is not accelerating and not falling over (rotational equilibrium). This is achieved when the pendulum is aligned along the gravity vector. The control feedback is obtained from non-contact sensors comprising of a pair of accelerometers placed on the inverted pendulum and one on the cart. The proposed modified error function is composed of the dynamic (non-gravity) acceleration of the pendulum and the velocity of the cart. We prove that the system is in equilibrium when the modified error is zero. We present algorithm to calculate the dynamic acceleration and angle of the pendulum, and incline angle using accelerometer readings. Here, the cart velocity and acceleration are assumed to be proportional to the motor angular velocity and acceleration. Thereafter, we perform simulation using noisy sensors to illustrate the balance of IPC on surfaces with unknown inclination angles using PID feedback controller with saturated motor torque, including valley profile that resembles a downhill, flat and uphill combination. The successful control of the system using the proposed modified error function and accelerometer feedback argues for future design of controllers for unstructured and unknown environments using all-accelerometer feedback.
Ulungarat Basin: Record of a major Middle Devonian to Mississippian syn-rift to post-rift tectonic transition, eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska
Authors: Anderson Arlene V. , Meisling Kristian E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Ulungarat Basin of Arctic Alaska is a unique exposed stratigraphic record of the mid-Paleozoic transition from the Romanzof orogeny to post-orogenic rifting and Ellesmerian passive margin subsidence. The Ulungarat Basin succession is composed of both syn-rift and post-rift deposits recording this mid-Paleozoic transition. The syn-rift deposits unconformably overlie highly deformed Romanzof orogenic basement on the mid-Paleozoic regional angular unconformity and are unconformably overlain by post-rift Endicott Group deposits of the Ellesmerian passive margin. Shallow marine strata of Eifelian age at the base of the Ulungarat Formation record onset of rifting and limit age of the Romanzof orogeny to late Early Devonian. Abrupt thickness and facies changes within the Ulungarat Formation and disconformably overlying syn-rift Mangaqtaaq Formation suggest active normal faulting during deposition. The Mangaqtaaq Formation records lacustrine deposition in a restricted down-faulted structural low. The unconformity between syn-rift deposits and overlying post-rift Endicott Group is interpreted to be the result of sediment bypass during deposition of the outboard allochthonous Endicott Group. Within Ulungarat Basin, transgressive post-rift Lower Mississippian Kekiktuk Conglomerate and Kayak Shale (Endicott Group) are older and thicker than equivalents to the north. North of Ulungarat Basin, deformed pre-Middle Devonian rocks were exposed to erosion at the mid-Paleozoic regional unconformity for ∼50 m.y., supplying sediments to the rift basin and broader Arctic Alaska rifted margin beyond. Although Middle Devonian to Lower Mississippian chert- and quartz-pebble conglomerates and sandstones across Arctic Alaska share a common provenance from the eroding ancestral Romanzof highlands, they were deposited in different tectonic settings.
Plasma proteinN-glycosylation is associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Memarian Elham , 't Hart Leen M , Slieker Roderick C , Lemmers Roosmarijn F L , van der Heijden Amber A , Rutters Femke , Nijpels Giel , Schoep Emma , Lieverse Aloysius G , Sijbrands Eric J G , Wuhrer Manfred , van Hoek Mandy , Dotz Viktoria 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAlthough associations of total plasmaN-glycome (TPNG) with type 2 diabetes have been reported, little is known on the role of TPNG in type 2 diabetes complications, a major cause of type 2 diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we assessed TPNG in relation to type 2 diabetes complications in subsamples of two Dutch cohorts using mass spectrometry (n=1815 in DiaGene and n=1518 in Hoorn Diabetes Care System).Research design and methodsBlood plasma samples and technical replicates were pipetted into 96-well plates in a randomized manner. Peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) was used to releaseN-glycans, whereafter sialic acids were derivatized for stabilization and linkage differentiation. After total area normalization, 68 individual glycan compositions were quantified in total and were used to calculate 45 derived traits which reflect structural features of glycosylation. Associations of glycan features with prevalent and incident microvascular or macrovascular complications were tested in logistic and Cox regression in both independent cohorts and the results were meta-analyzed.ResultsOur results demonstrated similarities between incident and prevalent complications. The strongest association for prevalent cardiovascular disease was a high level of bisection on a group of diantennary glycans (A2FS0B; OR=1.38, p=1.34×10−11), while for prevalent nephropathy the increase in 2,6-sialylation on triantennary glycans was most pronounced (A3E; OR=1.28, p=9.70×10−6). Several other TPNG features, including fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation, firmly demonstrated associations with prevalent and incident complications of type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThese findings may provide a glance on how TPNG patterns change before complications emerge, paving the way for future studies on prediction biomarkers and potentially disease mechanisms.
Longitudinal associations between family conflict, parent engagement, and metabolic control in children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Case Hannah , Williams David D , Majidi Shideh , Ferro Diana , Clements Mark Allen , Patton Susana R 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionWe prospectively investigated the associations between diabetes-related family conflict, parent engagement in child type 1 diabetes (T1D) care, and child glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in 127 families of school-age children who we recruited within the first year of their T1D diagnosis.Research design and methodsParents completed the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale-Revised (DFCS-R) to assess for diabetes-related family conflict and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Brief (DSMQ-Brief) to assess parent engagement in child T1D care at the initial study visit (T1) and at 12 (T2) and 27 (T3) months later. We also collected child HbA1c at these time points. Our analyses included Pearson correlations and repeated measures linear mixed models controlling for child age, sex, and T1D duration at T1.ResultsParents’ DFCS-R scores negatively correlated with DSMQ-Brief scores (r=−0.13, p<0.05) and positively correlated with children’s HbA1c (r=0.26, p<0.001). In our linear mixed models, parents’ DSMQ-Brief scores were unchanged at T2 (β=−0.71, 95% CI −1.59 to 0.16) and higher at T3 (β=8.01, 95% CI 6.89 to 9.13) compared with T1, and there was an association between increasing DFCS-R and decreasing DSMQ-Brief scores (β=−0.14, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.06). Child HbA1c values were significantly higher at T2 (β=0.66, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94) and T3 (β=0.95, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.27) compared with T1, and there was an association between increasing DFCS-R scores and increasing child HbA1c (β=0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06).ConclusionsIncreasing diabetes-specific family conflict early in T1D may associate with decreasing parent engagement in child T1D care and increasing child HbA1c, suggesting a need to assess and intervene on diabetes-specific family conflict.Trial registration numberNCT03698708.