bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Arrow Flap” Technique in Reduction Mammaplasty
Authors: Torresetti Matteo , Scalise Alessandro , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Breast reduction is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons worldwide. Despite that several techniques have been proposed for management of ptotic or hypertrophic breasts, most of them often deal with too large breast bases, poor breast projection, persistent “dog ears,” and a certain percentage of bottoming out. Lower-pole shaping of the breast remains one of the challenge of vertical mammoplasty.

Materials and Methods
The authors report their 5-year-long experience with a modification of the vertical scar technique, the “arrow flap,” in which they harvest a double lateral glandular and cutaneous flap, to tighten and better shape the base of the breast and to improve the breast projection with a “double-bra” effect. From April 2015 to February 2019, 75 patients with moderate to severe macromastia/breast ptosis underwent bilateral reduction mammoplasty.

Results
Postoperative outcomes showed an overall satisfactory results and low incidence of complications. Two patients presented with an asymmetry between the 2 breasts, and no nipple-areola complex necrosis occurred. One patient reported a wider vertical scar, whereas no bottoming out was observed.

Conclusions
All patients reported a stable and durable projection of the breast, with pleasant cosmetic results. By combining short scars and narrow base, we can obtain a pleasant lower pole reshaping of the breast, even in that challenging cases of large and squared breast. The authors believe that this technique provides a useful surgical option, increasing the versatility of the superior pedicle vertical mammaplasty both for mastopexy and breast reduction, even in cases of severe macromastia.
Assessment and clinical utility of a non-Next-Generation Sequencing based Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing technology
Authors: Gormus U , Chaubey A , Shenoy S , Wong YW , Chan LY , Choo BP , Oraha L , Gousseva A , Persson F , Prensky L , Chin E , Hegde M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRolling circle replication (RCR) is a novel technology that has not been applied to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing until recently. Given the cost and simplicity advantages of this technology compared to other platforms currently used in cfDNA analysis, an assessment of RCR in clinical laboratories was performed. Here, we present the first validation study from clinical laboratories utilizing RCR technology.Methods831 samples from spontaneously pregnant women carrying a singleton fetus and 25 synthetic samples were analyzed for the fetal risk of Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13 by three laboratories on three continents. All women who provided the samples were followed to birth, where evaluation for fetal aneuploidies was performed using newborn examinations and any suspected aneuploidies were confirmed with karyotyping.ResultsThe study found rolling circle replication to be a highly viable technology for clinical assessment of fetal aneuploidies with 100% sensitivity for T21 (95% CI:82.35% - 100.00%); 100.00% sensitivity for T18 (71.51% - 100.00%) and 100.00% sensitivity for T13 analyses (66.37% - 100.00%). The specificities were >99% for each trisomies [99.7% (99.01% - 99.97%) for T21; 99.5% (98.62% - 99.85%) for T18; 99.7% (99.03% - 99.97%) for T13], along with a first pass no-call rate of 0.93%.ConclusionsThe study showed that using a rolling circle replication-based cfDNA system for the evaluation of the common aneuploidies would provide greater accuracy and clinical utility compared to conventional biochemical screening and comparable results to other reported cfDNA methodologies.
Changes in mobility pre and post first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: findings from a prospective community cohort study including GPS movement tracking in England and Wales (Virus Watch)
Authors: Nguyen Vincent , Liu Yunzhe , Mumford Richard , Flanagan Ben , Patel Parth , Braithwaite Isobel , Shrotri Madhumita , Byrne Thomas , Beale Sarah , Aryee Anna , Erica Fong Wing Lam , Fragaszy Ellen , Geismar Cyril , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Hardelid Pia , Kovar Jana , Pope Addy , Cheng Tao , Hayward Andrew , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome evidence suggests that individuals may change adherence to public health policies aimed at reducing contact, transmission and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus after they receive their first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In this study, we aim to estimate the rate of change in average daily travel distance from a participant’s registered address before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.MethodParticipants were recruited into Virus Watch starting in June 2020. Weekly surveys were sent out to participants and vaccination status was collected from January 2021 onwards. Between September 2020 and February 2021, we invited 13,120 adult Virus Watch participants to contribute towards our tracker sub-cohort which uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to collect data on movement. We used segmented linear regression to estimate the median daily travel distance before and after the first self-reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose.ResultsWe analysed the daily travel distance of 228 vaccinated adults. Between 157 days prior to vaccination until the day before vaccination, the median daily travel distance travelled was 8.9km (IQR: 3.50km, 24.17km). Between the day of vaccination and 100 days after vaccination, the median daily travel distance travelled was 10.30km (IQR: 4.11, 27.53km). Between 157 days prior to vaccination and the vaccination date, there was a daily median decrease in mobility of 40m (95%CI: −51m, −31m, p-value <0.001) per day. After the removal of outlier data, and between the vaccination date and 99 days after vaccination, there was a median daily increase in movement of 45.0m (95%CI: 25m, 65m, p-value = <0.001). Restricting the analysis to the 3rd national lockdown (4th of January 2021 to the 5th of April 2021), we found a median daily movement increase of 9m (95%CI: −25m, 45m, p = 0.57) in the 30 days prior to vaccination and the vaccination date, and a median daily movement increase of 10m (95%CI: −60m, 94m, p-value = 0.69) in the 30 days after vaccination.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the feasibility of collecting high volume geolocation data as part of research projects, and the utility of these for understanding public health issues. Our results are consistent with both an increase and decrease in movement after vaccination and suggest that, amongst Virus Watch participants, any changes in movement distances post-vaccination are small.
Meta-analytical evidence on mental disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Zhang Stephen X. , Batra Kavita , Liu Tao , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Xu Wen , Yin Allen , Delios Andrew , Chen Bryan Z. , Chen Richard Z. , Miller Saylor , Wan Xue , Chen Jiyao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of evidence related to the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms as well as their heterogeneities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America, a continent across the equators. The current study aims to provide meta-analytical evidence on mental disorder symptoms during COVID-19 among frontline healthcare workers, general healthcare workers, the general population, and university students in Latin America.MethodsBibliographical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, PsycINFO, and medRxiv, were systematically searched to identify pertinent studies up to Februry 6, 2021. Two coders performed the screening using predefined eligibility criteria. Studies were assigned quality scores using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The double data extraction method was used to minimize data entry errors.ResultsA total of 33 studies with 101,772 participants in Latin America were identified. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, distress, and insomnia was 32%, 27%, 32%, and 35%, respectively. There was a higher prevalence of mental health symptoms in South America compared to Central America (33% vs. 27%, p <0.001). The pooled prevalence of mental health symptoms in the general population, general healthcare workers, frontline healthcare workers, and students in Latin America was 33%, 31%, 37%, and 36%, respectively.ConclusionThe high yet heterogenous level of prevalence of mental disorder symptoms emphasizes the need for appropriate identification of psychological interventions in Latin America.
Strong immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost immunizations with the experimental vaccine GRAd-COV2 and BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-nCOV19
Authors: Agrati Chiara , Capone Stefania , Castilletti Concetta , Cimini Eleonora , Matusali Giulia , Meschi Silvia , Tartaglia Eleonora , Camerini Roberto , Lanini Simone , Milleri Stefano , Colloca Stefano , Vitelli Alessandra , Folgori Antonella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere we report on the humoral and cellular immune response in eight volunteers who autonomously chose to adhere to the Italian national COVID-19 vaccination campaign more than 3 months after receiving a single administration GRAd-COV2 vaccine candidate in the context of the phase 1 clinical trial. We observed a clear boost of both binding/neutralizing antibodies as well as T cell responses upon receipt of the heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-nCOV19 vaccines. These results, despite the limitation of the small sample size, support the concept that a single-dose of an adenoviral vaccine may represent an ideal tool to effectively prime a balanced immune response, which can be boosted to high levels by a single dose of a different vaccine platform.
Short-term Outcomes in Children Recovered from Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Patnaik Sibabratta , Jain Mukesh Kumar , Ahmed Sakir , Dash Arun Kumar , Ram Kumar P , Sahoo Bandya , Mishra Reshmi , Behera Manas Ranjan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMulti System Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a recently recognised potentially life-threatening entity. There is limited data on post MIS-C sequelae.Methods21 children fulfilling the WHO criteria for MIS-C were included in our study. Data was collected at baseline and at 12-16 weeks post discharge to look for any persistent sequelae mainly relating to the lungs or heart including coronary arteriesResultsFever was the most common presentation, found in 18 (85.7%) patients. All had marked hyper-inflammatory state. Low ejection fraction (EF) was found in 10 (47.6%), but none had any coronary artery abnormality. All received corticosteroids, while 7 (33.3%) children required additional treatment with intravenous Immunoglobulins. 20 children improved while 1 left against medical advice. At discharge, 3 children had impaired left ventricular function. At median 15 weeks’ follow-up, no persistent complications were found. EF had returned to normal and no coronary artery abnormalities were found during repeat echocardiography. Chest radiographs showed no fibrosis and all biochemical parameters had normalized.ConclusionThe children with MIS-C are extremely sick during the acute stage. Timely and adequate management led to full recovery without any sequelae at a median follow-up of 15 weeks.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY KIT FOR DIAGNOSIS AND SURVEILLANCE OF COVID-19
Authors: Bagno Flávia F. , Sérgio Sarah A. R. , Figueiredo Maria Marta , Godoi Lara C. , Andrade Luis A. F. , Salazar Natália C. , Soares Camila P. , Aguiar Andressa , Almeida Flávia Jaqueline , da Silva Edimilson D. , Ferreira Antônio G. P. , Durigon Edison Luiz , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. , Teixeira Santuza M. R. , Fernandes Ana Paula S. M. , da Fonseca Flavio G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a massive demand to identify alternative methods to detect new cases of COVID-19 as well as to investigate the epidemiology of the disease. In many countries, importation of commercial kits poses a significant impact on their testing capacity and increases the costs for the public health system. We have developed an ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant viral nucleocapsid (rN) protein expressed in E. coli. Using a total of 894 clinical samples we showed that the rN-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity (97.5%) and specificity (96.3%) when compared to a commercial antibody test. After three external validation studies, we showed that the test accuracy was higher than 90%. The rN-ELISA IgG kit constitutes a convenient and specific method for the large-scale determination of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in human sera with high reliability.
SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 is associated with greater disease severity among hospitalised women but not men
Authors: Stirrup Oliver T. , Boshier Florencia A. T. , Venturini Cristina , Guerra-Assunção José Afonso , Alcolea-Medina Adela , Becket Angela H , Charalampous Themoula , da Silva Filipe Ana , Glaysher Sharon , Khan Tabassum , Kulasegara-Shylini Raghavendran , Kele Beatrix , Monahan Irene M. , Mollett Guy , Parker Matthew , Pelosi Emanuela , Randell Paul , Roy Sunando , Taylor Joshua F. , Weller Sophie J. , Wilson-Davies Eleri , Wade Phillip , Williams Rachel ,   COG-UK HOCI Variant Substudy consortium,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Copas Andrew J. , Cutino-Moguel Teresa , Freemantle Nick , Hayward Andrew C. , Holmes Alison , Hughes Joseph , Mahungu Tabitha W. , Nebbia Gaia , Partridge David G. , Pope Cassie F. , Price James R. , Robson Samuel C. , Saeed Kordo , de Silva Thushan I. , Snell Luke B. , Thomson Emma C. , Witney Adam A. , Breuer Judith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage B.1.1.7 has been associated with an increased rate of transmission and disease severity among subjects testing positive in the community. Its impact on hospitalised patients is less well documented.MethodsWe collected viral sequences and clinical data of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 and hospital-onset COVID-19 infections (HOCIs), sampled 16/11/2020 - 10/01/2021, from eight hospitals participating in the COG-UK-HOCI study. Associations between the variant and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission were evaluated using mixed effects Cox models adjusted by age, sex, comorbidities, care home residence, pregnancy and ethnicity.ResultsSequences were obtained from 2341 inpatients (HOCI cases = 786) and analysis of clinical outcomes was carried out in 2147 inpatients with all data available. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of B.1.1.7 compared to other lineages was 1.01 (95% CI 0.79-1.28, P=0.94) and for ITU admission was 1.01 (95% CI 0.75-1.37, P=0.96). Analysis of sex-specific effects of B.1.1.7 identified increased risk of mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.95-1.78) and ITU admission (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15-2.90) in females infected with the variant but not males (mortality HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.10; ITU HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.52-1.04).ConclusionsIn common with smaller studies of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 we did not find an overall increase in mortality or ITU admission associated with B.1.1.7 compared to other lineages. However, women with B.1.1.7 may be at an increased risk of admission to intensive care and at modestly increased risk of mortality.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induced Atypical Immune Responses in Antibody Defects: everybody does their best
Authors: Salinas Ane Fernandez , Mortari Eva Piano , Terreri Sara , Quintarelli Concetta , Pulvirenti Federica , Cecca Stefano Di , Guercio Marika , Milito Cinzia , Bonanni Livia , Auria Stefania , Romaggioli Laura , Cusano Giuseppina , Albano Christian , Zaffina Salvatore , Perno Carlo Federico , Spadaro Giuseppe , Locatelli Franco , Carsetti Rita , Quinti Isabella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies (PAD) represent a potential at-risk group in the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, unexpectedly low cumulative incidence, low infection-fatality rate, and mild COVID-19 or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were frequently reported in PAD. The discrepancy between clinical evidence and impaired antibody production requires in-depth studies on patients’ immune responses.MethodsForty-one patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiencies (CVID), 6 patients with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and 28 healthy age-matched controls (HD) were analyzed for anti-Spike and anti-RBD antibody production, generation of low and high affinity Spike-specific memory B-cells, Spike-specific T-cells before and one week after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine.ResultsHD produced antibodies, and generated memory B-cells with high affinity for Trimeric Spike. In CVID, the vaccine induced poor Spike-specific antibodies, and atypical B-cells with low affinity for Trimeric Spike, possibly by extra-follicular reactions or incomplete germinal center reactions. In HD, among Spike positive memory B-cells, we identified receptor-binding-domain-specific cells that were undetectable in CVID, indicating the incapability to generate this new specificity. Specific T-cell responses toward Spike-protein were evident in HD and defective in CVID. Due to the absence of B-cells, patients with XLA responded to immunization by specific T-cell responses only.ConclusionsWe present detailed data on early non-canonical immune responses in PAD to a vaccine against an antigen never encountered before by humans. From our data, we expect that after BNT162b2 immunization, XLA patients might be protected by specific T-cells, while CVID patients might not be protected by immunization.
Epigenome-wide contributions to individual differences in childhood phenotypes: A GREML approach
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Felix Janine F. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Tiemeier Henning , Cecil Charlotte , Walton Esther 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in human development. Numerous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have investigated the associations of DNA methylation at single CpG sites with childhood outcomes. However, the overall contribution of DNA methylation across the genome (R2Methylation) towards childhood phenotypes is unknown. An estimate of R2Methylationwould provide context regarding the importance of DNA methylation explaining variance in health outcomes.MethodsWe estimated the variance explained by epigenome-wide cord blood methylation (R2Methylation) for five childhood phenotypes: gestational age, birth weight, and body mass index (BMI), IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age. We adapted a genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) approach with cross-validation (CV) to DNA methylation data and applied it in two population-based birth cohorts: ALSPAC (n=775) and Generation R (n=1382).ResultsUsing information from >470,000 autosomal probes we estimated that DNA methylation at birth explains 45% (SDCV= 0.07) of gestational age variance and 16% (SDCV= 0.05) of birth weight variance. The R2Methylationestimates for BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age estimates were near 0% across almost all cross-validation iterations.ConclusionsThe results suggest that cord blood methylation explains a moderate to large degree of variance in gestational age and birth weight, in line with the success of previous EWAS in identifying numerous CpG sites associated with these phenotypes. In contrast, we could not obtain a reliable estimate for school-age BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms. This may reflect a null bias due to insufficient sample size to detect variance explained in more weakly associated phenotypes, although the true R2Methylationfor these phenotypes is likely below that of gestational age and birth weight when using DNA methylation at birth.
The effect ofStachys inflataon the performance of broiler chickens and Newcastle Disease Antibody Titer
Authors: Attaran Hamidreza , Zamanimoghaddam Abdolkarim , Ghannadi Alireza , Namjoo Abdolrasool , Zamani Farshad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study shows how performance and NDHI titers of broiler chickens are affected by the plantStachys inflatay. One hundred and eighty, one day old Ross male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups of 36 (consisting of 3 replicates) and placed in 12 separate pens. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6%S.inflatain their feed respectively from 8 to 42 days of age. Performance indexes were recorded on a weekly basis. At 42 days of age, serum and mid gut samples were taken for NDHI test and histopathological studies. The results were analyzed by the One Way ANOVA, Tukey test. The body weight of the second group was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the control from the third week to the end. All treatment groups had HI titers higher than the control but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). In the third group (0.3%S.inflata), relative liver and heart weight were significantly lower than control. No microscopic lesions were observed in mid gut in all experimental groups. It seems thatS. inflatareduces harmful intestinal flora which causes better use of feed.