bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied Theatre
Authors: Busby Selina 
Published: March 2021

Applied Theatre is a widely accepted term to describe a set of practices that encompass community, social and participatory theatre making. It is an area of performance practice that is flourishing within international contexts and communities. This book offers a critical consideration of long-term applied and participatory theatre projects. In doing so it is a timely analysis of the concepts that inform applied theatre and argues that a number of concepts that form cornerstones of the discipline, have become shibboleths in applied theatre thinking, practice and teaching.
The book problematises some of these key concepts, specifically regarding change and transformation, safe spaces, impact, exit strategies, ethical practice, process versus product and the concept of the applied theatre practitioner tool kit. Busby analyses applied theatre projects in India, Malta, New Zealand, the USA and the UK to consider her key question: is the 21st century the end for applied theatre as it was understood to function at the end of the previous century? Drawing on 20 years of practice in prisons, youth theatres and with street and slum-dwellers, this book focuses on long-term interventions that raise troubling questions about applied theatre, cultural colonialism and power, while arguing that community or participatory theatre conversely has the potential to generate a resilient sense of optimism, or what Busby terms a ‘nebulous utopia’.
MALAT1/miR-320a in BMSC function may inform on mechanisms underlying osteoporosis
Authors: Su Chengli , Wang Hongning , Xu Luchen , Zhang Yue , Li Yunfeng 
Published: March 2021

Introductiongrowing evidence supports the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bone metabolism and diseases. This study aims to investigate the involvement of the lncRNA MALAT1 in the pathological process of osteoporosis and the effects of MALAT1 on the regulation of BMSC differentiation through competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms.Material and methodsthe expression of MALAT1 and miR-320a was determined using RT-PCR in bone tissue derived from female SD(Sprague Dawley) rats with osteoporosis. Immumohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and β-catenin. BMSCs were divided into 4 groups: Control, NC (Negative control), MALAT1 siRNA, and miR-320a mimics. Fourty-eight hours later, the effect of MALAT1 on the miR-320a expression, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was investigated. Two weeks later, the cell activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of Osterix and Runx2 were evaluated. Three weeks later, alizarin red staining of calcified nodules and Western blot analysis of the expression of β-catenin, NRP-1, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) were performed.Resultsdownregulated MALAT1 or upregulated miR-320a expression inhibited the activity and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, resulting in low ALP activity and NRP-1 expression, fewer calcified nodules, decreased mRNA levels of Osterix and Runx2, and inhibited expression of NRP-1, OCN, and OPN. MALAT1 silencing did not decrease the protein level of β-catenin in the cytoplasm but suppressed that in the nucleus.Conclusionsdownregulated MALAT1 and upregulated miR-320a expression play an important role in the pathological process of osteoporosis, via inhibition of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Berberine induces apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle in multiple cancer cell lines
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Hui , Chen Weimin , Huang Ping 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionTo examine the anti-cancer effects of berberine on multiple cancer cell lines, and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.Material and methodsThe IC<sub>50</sub> values for the action of berberine on Tca8113 (oral squamous cell carcinoma), CNE2 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer), Hela (cervical carcinoma), and HT29 (colon cancer) cells were determined by MTT cell viability assay. Early apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were examined by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. For expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes and proteins were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively.ResultsBerberine displayed a cytotoxic effect on all the cell lines tested. The IC50 values were determined (Tca8113, 218.52 ±18.71; CNE2, 249.18 ±18.14; MCF-7, 272.15 ±11.06; Hela, 245.18 ±17.33; and HT29, 52.37 ±3.45). PI staining revealed that berberine treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M. The treatment also induced early apoptosis as shown by annexin V staining. In addition, berberine significant elevated gene and protein expression of BAX, which was accompanied by substantial decreases in BCL-2 gene and protein levels. The effects of berberine on BAX and BCL-2 were time-dependent.ConclusionsBerberine exhibited cytotoxic effects on multiple cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The BCL-2/BAX signaling pathway may be the common pathway underlying the anti-tumor effect of berberine. The findings support the notion that berberine is a dietary compound that can be further developed into a drug candidate for cancer treatment.
INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENURIAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Atandi Fred Gichana 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of entrepreneurial working environment on employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to; examine entrepreneurial working environment, establish employee productivity and to find out the relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town. The study used both descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs. A total of 14 SME hotels with a total of 92 regular employees were sampled to participate in the study. The sampling method used was census since the population was small. The research instruments reliability test had a cronbatch’s alpha value of 0.884 which was above the threshold. The results indicated that SMEs hotels have not embraced entrepreneurial working environments in their work places which will allow employees to be motivated to exploit their potential and improve on productivity. The study results also showed that employee productivity is low implying that they may not be achieving their set targets which affects performance of SMEs hotels. The study results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity. The study recommendations were;the SMEs hotels are facing stiff competition from world class hotels, to remain relevant and in productive operations, they should embrace creation of entrepreneurial environment where their employees will feel motivated and valued. The SMEs hotels should consider recruiting entrepreneurial human resources who will easily utilize their unique skills and talents to benefit the enterprises they work with and the county government of Trans Nzoia and national government should draft a policy to provide incentives to SMEs hotels while operating in uncertain business environments..
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Environment, Productivity, Small and Medium Enterprises, Employee, Hotel
YENİ BULGULAR IŞIĞINDA MUSTAFA KEMAL PAŞA’NIN SAMSUN’A ÇIKIŞI ÖNCESİ KAMUOYUNDA TANINMASI KONUSU (1918-1919)
Authors: ELMACI Mehmet Emin 
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmamızda yeni bulgular eşliğinde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün daha ülkeyi başarılı bir savaş ile işgalden kurtarıp, ardından da devrimlerini gerçekleştirerek yeni bir zihniyete dayalı Cumhuriyeti kurmadan önce, tanınıp tanınmadığı üzerinde duracağız. Özellikle iç ve dış basında ilk kez adının ve fotoğrafının nasıl geçtiğini ve sonrasındaysa 1918 ile 1919 yılının ilk yarısında Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın basında kendine nasıl yer bulduğunu göstereceğiz.
Çalışmamızın yöntemi; bugüne kadar yayımlanmış Mustafa Kemal’den söz eden yazılı ve görsel haberlerin kronolojik olarak bulunup bir metodoloji çerçevesinde ele almak olacaktır. Ayrıca, yeni bulgular da kullanılarak görsel malzemeyle de desteklenecektir. Bunu yaparken de daha önce yayımlanmamış röportajı ve ondan söz eden haberler kullanılacaktır. Ayrıca, Mustafa Kemal’in basında yayımlanan ve bilinen en erken fotoğraflarından önce, Mustafa Kemal’den söz eden ve fotoğrafının kullanıldığı yayım da ilk kez tarih dünyasına tanıtılacaktır.
ALMAN ARŞİV BELGELERİNDE MUSTAFA KEMAL’İN ADOLF HİTLER İLE İLGİLİ KANAATLERİ (1934-1935)
Authors: KILIÇ Sezen 
Published: March 2021

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Adolf Hitler hakkındaki düşünceleri ve söyledikleri Türk tarihçileri kadar Türk milleti için de oldukça merak konusudur. Bu konuda yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığı arşivinde biri 4 Temmuz 1934 diğeri ise 8 Haziran 1935 tarihli iki belge olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 4 Temmuz 1934 tarihli ilk belge, Ankara’daki Alman Büyükelçilik Müsteşarı Wilhelm August Julius Fabricius tarafından siyasi bir rapor olarak Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığı’na hitaben kaleme alınmıştır. Söz konusu raporu Fabricius, o tarihte Ankara’daki görevi sona eren Sovyet Büyükelçisi Yakov Zaharoviç Surits’in kendisine iletmiş olduğu ve gizli kalmasını istediği bilgileri esas alarak düzenlemiştir. Bu bilgilere göre Surits, görev süresi sona erip Türkiye’den ayrılmadan önce Cumhurbaşkanı Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa’yı ziyaret etmiştir. Surits, Fabricius’a, Başbakan İsmet Paşa’nın da hazır bulunduğu bu ziyaret esnasında Mustafa Kemal Pasşa’nın 30 Haziran 1934’te Almanya’da gerçekleşen Röhm Darbesi esnası ve sonrasında yaşanan olaylara niçin değinme gereği duyduğunu ve bu olaydan yola çıkarak Adolf Hitler ve yeni Alman hükümeti hakkında nasıl bir düşünce ve kanaate sahip olduğunu açıklamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın, Röhm Darbesi ile İtalya’da Mussolini ve Rusya’da Bolşeviklerin iktidarı esnasında yaşananlar arasında nasıl bir bağlantı kurduğunu ve Türkiye’de kendi dönemindeki olaylar ile niçin kıyaslama gereği duyduğunu aktarmıştır. Aynı zamanda Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın söz konusu darbenin gerekçesi hakkında İsmet Paşa’dan neden çok farklı düşündüğünü de ortaya koymuştur.
İlk raporun kaleme alındığı tarihten yaklaşık 11 ay sonra, bu kez Almanya’nın Ankara Büyükelçisi Frederic Hans von Rosenberg, Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığına hitaben siyasi bir rapor kaleme almıştır. Söz konusu raporda Rosenberg, Türkiye’de görev süresinin sona ermesi dolayısıyla Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’e yapmış olduğu veda ziyareti esnasında yaşadıklarını aktarmıştır. Bu ziyaret sırasında Atatürk’e bu kez Başbakan İsmet İnönü dışında Dışişleri Bakanı Tevfik Rüştü Aras da eşlik etmiştir. Görüşmede Rosenberg, Atatürk ve İnönü’nün yeni Alman hükümeti ve lideri Adolf Hitler’e karşı nasıl bir düşünce ve kanaate sahip olduğunu öğrenmiş ve bunu kendi dışişleri bakanına iletmiştir.
Araştırmamızın amacı, söz konusu iki belgeden yola çıkarak Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Adolf Hitler hakkında iki farklı tarihte söylediklerini o tarihlerdeki olayları ve ortamı dikkate alarak değerlendirmeye ve gerçeklerle ne derece örtüştüğünü irdelemeye çalışmaktır.
A trajetória de Maria Preta no sindicalismo rural no municí­pio de Araçagi (PB) na década de 1990
Authors: De Paiva Neto Francisco Fagundes 
Published: March 2021

A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade, procuramos desvelar as relações sobre uma sindicalista do Muní­cipio de Araçagi/PB com as dinâmicas polí­ticas da Igreja, quanto í experiência junto aos movimentos sociais no campo. Em termos teóricos, dialogamos com os aportes bourdieusianos sobre trajetória e campo polí­tico, avaliando as tensões existentes entre os grupos de sindicalistas e a agência de Maria Preta no contexto atinente í década de 1990. As fontes com as quais trabalhamos, mormente as orais, permitiram uma análise sobre as relações entre classe apontando para um processo de reforma agrária e relações polí­ticas entre entidades de mulheres em luta por uma cidadania ativa. Ademais, utilizamos outras fontes no curso da pesquisa, como bibliográficas e documentos primários.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 219/II BTN LINTAS ASRI KECAMATAN BUNGO DANI
Authors: AVANA NURLEV , WIYOKO TRI , WULANDARI AULIA 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada peserta didik kelas V. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 219/II BTN Lintas Asri Kecamatan Bungo Dani.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan secara kolaborasi peneliti bersama guru kelas dengan objek penelitian peserta didik kelas 219/II BTN Lintas Asri yang terdiri dari 20 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Number Head Together (NHT), penelitian ini dilakukan dua siklus, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah guru menerapkan model pembelajaran TGT dalam materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat. Pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar yaitu 55% peserta didik yang belum tuntas 45%. Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar peserta didik meningkat menjadi 85% dan peserta didik yang belum tuntas 15%. Begitu pula dengan hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu 66% pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 91%.
Assessment of Awareness About Biomedical Waste Among Doctors and Nurses of Children Hospital Lahore
Authors: Hassan Taimoor , Siddique Sidra , Saeed Sana , Moazzam Muhammad , Tahira Azmat , Ayub Fahad , Babar Ifzonia 
Published: March 2021

Bio Medical waste refers to any type of waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research purposes pertaining to or in the fabrication or testing of biologicals.
Objective: To assess the awareness about bio-medical waste management among Doctors and Nurses of Children Hospital.
Methods: Descriptive study was conducted in Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health Lahore. Convenient Sampling Technique was applied to gather data. This was a hospital-based study in which staff members of both genders were included. The study population divided into two strata and these strata consisted of doctors and nurses. A total of 139 staff members were involved out of which there were 77 doctors, 62 nurses. Their responses checked by a Performa about problems in the management of biomedical waste.
Results: The result showed that majority (62%) staff members had knowledge about bio-medical waste. The remaining staff had very basic knowledge about bio-medical waste.
Conclusions: The awareness about BMW management among Children's Hospital Operation theater staff is satisfactory. But still, they need to improve their knowledge to ensure more patient safety by organizing seminars, workshops.
Impact Of Online Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic Situation on Undergraduate University Students Pakistan
Authors: Batool Farwa , Saeed Bareera , Rehman Atia Ur , Waseem Humaira 
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 detected in school, colleges and universities close the entire world. More than 1.2 billion kids were not in class-room worldwide. Consequently; education has altered considerably, among the characteristic increase of relearning, where by education is under-taken distantly as well as upon digital platform. Research recommended that online education has been revealed to raise maintenance of knowledge, moreover acquire not as much of time, denotation alter corona virus comprise cause might be now to reside.
Objective: To find out the impact of online classes in COVID-19 pandemic situation among undergraduate university students of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore.
Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted for this research.Study was conducted from The University of Lahore, Lahore campus, department of Health Professional technologies. Sample size was 67. Data was analyzed and evaluated with the help of the statistical package for social sciences SPSS-V20
Results: Total 67 students participated in research. Participants' age range was 19 to 25 years.70% females and 29.9% males participated in this research.41.8% participants reported that they are facing difficulties in online classes while 3% participant were slightly disagree on it. 53.7% participants were disagreeing on learning satisfaction in online classes while 29.9% were strongly disagreeing.
Conclusions: This study concluded that despite gaining immense popularity today, digital technology has still not been embraced by students for use in teaching. Students are still more inclined towards face to face teaching rather than e-teaching.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Evaluation Solid Breast Lesions – A Systematic Review
Authors: Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , C Robot Guido , Sughra Murrium Syeda Khadija Tul , Gilani Aima , Arsalan Gilani Hafiz Syed , Ul Abidin Syed Zain ul Abid , Nazir Memona , Haider Zeeshan 
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and remains a major public health problem.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional studies and only highquality studies were included. The searched databases were: Pub Med (2008-2020), Google scholar (2008-2020) and science direct (20082020). The key terms searched were ultrasound imaging, Breast solid mass or lesions, papillary lesions, Fibro-adenoma, breast cancer. Using these key terms, researchers found total 101 studies from the above-mentioned databases. Among these researchers found 56 studies from Google scholars, 11 from science direct and 34 from Pub Med. After this, researchers separated the relevant and irrelevant data.
Results: Table 1 shows the Descriptive results of age from 12 studies, 17641 individuals. The mean age was 46.14697 SD 10.56736. The mean Sensitivity was 91.0200 and mean specificity was 89.35. The pooled results of 8 studies and 2612 individuals, out of 2612 individuals we found 1220 (46.71) benign lesions and 1392 (53.29%) malignant lesions are also shown.
Conclusions: In conclusion, Ultrasound can differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions to great extent. This technique has the potential ability to altering the handling of cases in where a biopsy may be recommended, but the risk of carcinoma is known to be relatively low. Ultrasound accuracy is recommended as the first option for follow-up examinations of lesions because of its high sensitivity and ability to detect lesions outside of breast density.
Determination Of Sonographic Common Abdominal Findings Among Patients Suffering From Typhoid Fever
Authors: Sughra Maryam Syeda Khadija Tul , Haider Ghadeer , Hasan Zain Ul , Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , Butt Sabir , Arsalan Gilani Hafiz Syed , Gilani Aima , Aslam Sobia 
Published: March 2021

Typhoid fever is a potentially multi systemic and fatal illness, and this serious systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi and paratyphi which are both gram-negative bacteria
Objectives: To determine the sonographic common abdominal findings among patients suffering from typhoid fever.
Methods: This research was conducted at Al Qaim Ultrasound Centre and Islamia Hospital Chiniot in nine months duration. Honda Electronics (HS 2000, HS 2200, and Toshiba just vision) machines were used. Frequency range of 3.5-5.00 MHz was used. All the patients were enrolled voluntarily after explaining the procedure to the patient thoroughly. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to evaluate the data
Results: In this study 176 patients were included, which clinically diagnosed suffering from typhoid fever and laboratory findings also showing positive results. All male and female patients of all age groups, who were clinically suspected of having typhoid fever, either acute or chronic. All male and female healthy individuals and noncooperative patients. Out of 176 patients, 91 were female and 85 males. Laboratory findings, 47(26.7%),56(31.8%),21(11.9%),52(29.5%) patients having (TyphidotIgG), (TyphidotIgM), (TyphidotIgG, IgM), (Widal) positive results respectively. Common abdominal findings on ultrasonography were 62(35.2%) patients with having hepatomegaly, and 88(50%) patients with splenomegaly. Mesenteric lymph adenitis showed only in 21(11.9%) patients. Results showed 27(15.3%) patients with bowel wall thickening, and 13(7.4%) patients with having acalculous-cholecystitis.
Conclusions: Ultrasonography is a useful and helpful tool in diagnosing the typhoid fever, especially when serological tests are time consuming or showing negative results or cultures. Ultrasonography is also a quick, economical and non-invasive procedure.
Frequency of Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Textile Mill Workers
Authors: Tahira Azmat , Ali Warris , Sadaf Ambreen , Shahzadi Maria , Ahsan Umair , Sohail Butt Hassan 
Published: March 2021

Hearing impairment is a natural ageing as well as the most common reason of disability in the world. Hearing loss can increase the worsening of health quality of life and damaged hearing, which can lead to social behavior, anxiety, interpersonal vulnerability and conflicts for the affected individuals
Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out frequency of noise induced hearing loss and its association in textile mill workers.
Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 125 textile mill workers with nonprobability purposive sampling having 5 to 10 years working experience in spinning and weaving units of age 25 to 40 years (males). Data was collected by performing Otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry in noise controlled room, analyzed and evaluated with the help of statistical package for social sciences version 25.00.Pearson chi square was used and P value was equal or less than 5% was taken as significant.
Results: Total number of 125(100%) were tested to check their hearing levels by standard pure tone audiometry. Out of 125(100%) 14(11.2 %) were with normal hearing. 28(22.4%) with mild hearing, 36(29%) with mild to moderate hearing, 34(27%) with moderate hearing, 12(10%) with moderately severe hearing and 1(0.8%) with severe hearing levels. Out of 125(100%) 50 (40%) were diagnosed with low level of anxiety, 43(34%) were with moderate level of anxiety and 32(26%) were with severe level of anxiety in all the participants working in the textile mill.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the mill workers are on the risk of developing hearing loss of different severity levels which also cause anxiety to them.