bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alignment Change and the Emergence of the Thematic Conjugation from Proto‐Indo‐European to Indo‐European: A Wedding of Hypotheses*
Authors: Pooth Roland , Orqueda Verónica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur paper addresses the reconstruction of the Proto‐Indo‐European (PIE) case and alignment system and questions the hypothesis that PIE had nominative‐accusative alignment. We argue that the rise of split‐gender ergativity in Anatolian was prompted by the fact that proto‐neuter nouns like *dóru were not used in A‐function before Proto‐Anatolian (Yakubovich 2011). Our first hypothesis is that neuter nouns changed their alignment to S = P = A only after the separation of the Anatolian branch. We further reassess the theory of ‘protomiddle’ origin of the thematic conjugation (Watkins 1969; Jasanoff 1998). We propose a wedding of hypotheses by combining the idea of alignment change with this theory. This includes the reconstruction of a PIE antipassive construction, as recently outlined by Pooth et al. (2019). The scenario implies that PIE had semantic alignment, and that the voice opposition was triggered by prototypical agency and transitivity in semantic terms (Pooth 2011; Pooth et al. 2019).
Global–Regional Realignments in Trade, Finance and Development: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Lütz Susanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultilateral Bretton Woods institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO are increasingly challenged by a rising number of bilateral, regional and plurilateral organizations. The mandates of global and regional organizations overlap and intersect when trade is being regulated, financial crisis lending is being provided or development is being financed. In this special issue we examine the forms, dynamics and implications of these global–regional realignments for global economic governance. By drawing on the analytical toolbox of regime complexity research, the authors address mechanisms of integration and disintegration in the regime complexes in trade, finance and development from the viewpoint of actors and particularly regional challengers. The papers discuss first, the motives and strategies to spur fragmentation or integration. Second, they examine to what extent actors seek to substitute or complement focal institutions on the global level. Third, the special issue evaluates the implications of a coexistence of integration and disintegration for global economic governance.
The delimitation of intestine segments of koi carp (Cyprinus carpiovar.koi) based on histological features
Authors: Han Zhuoran , Sun Jingfeng , Liu Xiufang , Sun Xueliang , Shi Hongyue , Guo Yongjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the delimitation of intestine segments of koi carp (Cyprinus carpiovar.koi) was conducted using a histological approach with the measurements of height of mucosa folds (HF), width of mucosa folds (WF), thickness of muscularis (TM) and cross‐sectional area (CSA). According to the change trends for these four parameters, the intestine of the koi carp was divided into anterior intestine, middle intestine and posterior intestine. The locations of the three intestine segments were defined, and their ratios along the entire intestine were accounted for 23.84 ± 1.18%, 46.77 ± 2.29% and 29.39 ± 1.65%, respectively. The anterior intestine had a significantly higher HF, compared with the middle (p < .01) or posterior intestines (p < .01). The muscularis became thin gradually from the anterior intestine to posterior part. TM was significantly different among the anterior, middle and posterior intestines (p < .01). The anterior intestine had a significantly higher CSA, compared with the middle (p < .01) and posterior intestines (p < .01), and the latter two segments had similar CSA values (p > .05). The procedure of the delimitation of the koi carp intestine segments can offer useful information for future studies on other fish species. The presented results are meaningful for studies on differential functions of the different intestine segments in fish.
Financial toxicity in patients with cancer attending a public Australian tertiary hospital: A pilot study
Authors: McLean Luke , Hong Wei , McLachlan Sue‐Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAs therapeutic options for cancer evolve and become more complex, the concept of financial toxicity has emerged. The comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) and iMTA Productivity Cost questionnaires (iPCQ) represent two tools developed to measure the concept. The aim of this pilot study was to review the impact of financial toxicity in patients with cancer in an Australian public setting where there is a universal health care model.MethodsThis pilot study utilized an exploratory, cross‐sectional design in a single Australian large inner‐city tertiary center. After providing written consent eligible patients, in an ambulatory setting, completed four self‐reporting questionnaires, which were written in English (basic demographics, COST, iPCQ and the European Organization Research Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 [EORTC‐QLQ‐C30]).ResultsOf 97 patients approached, 66 consented to participate. The median age was 63.5 years. Fifty‐five percent were female. Fifty‐three completed COST questionnaires. The median score for financial toxicity was 18 (range 1‐42). Higher COST scores indicated greater financial concerns and were associated with poorer quality of life (P = .004). This was maintained after adjusting for confounders (age, gender, regional postcode.) Univariate analysis demonstrated younger age was associated with higher COST scores (P < .001), while gender (P = .243) and geographical location (P = .243) were not.ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients receiving systemic cancer therapy in an Australian public setting, financial toxicity was associated with poorer quality of life. Despite a universal health‐model, the COST questionnaire identified a substantial proportion of patients who experienced financial toxicity.
A shared parameter mixture model for longitudinal income data with missing responses and zero rounding
Authors: Hui Francis K.C. , Bondell Howard D. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe analysis of longitudinal income data is often made challenging for several reasons. For example, in a national Australian survey on income over time, a non‐negligible proportion of responses are missing, and it is believed the missingness mechanism is non‐ignorable. Also, there are a large number of reported zero incomes, some of which may be true zeros (corresponding to individuals who legitimately do not earn an income), while some may be false zeros (corresponding to individuals choosing to round their income to zero). We propose a new shared parameter mixture (SPM) model for analysing semi‐continuous longitudinal income data, which addresses the two challenges of income non‐response and zero rounding. This is accomplished by jointly modelling an individual's underlying income together with the probability of missingness and rounding to zero, where both probabilities are permitted to vary in a smooth manner with their underlying non‐zero income. Applying the SPM model to the Australian income survey reveals that on average, older female individuals and individuals with a long‐term health condition are considerably less likely to earn an income, while income tended to be highest for male individuals on fixed‐term/permanent job contracts between ages 50 and 60. Furthermore there is evidence of both zero rounding, and conditional on the assumed missingness mechanism, individuals with incomes at the higher and lower ends are more likely to not report their income.
National Health Care data system analysis of glaucoma surgery activity in France in 2016
Authors: Dufournet Julie , Chiquet Christophe , Bouisse Magali , Francois Patrice , Bron Alain , Boussat Bastien , Daien Vincent , Bourcier Tristan , Robert Pierre‐Yves , Aptel Florent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the glaucoma surgery offer in France in 2016.MethodsWe used the French National Health Care System database to identify all medical procedures carried out in 2016. The study investigated the entire population aged 30 years and older that had undergone glaucoma surgery, alone or combined with another surgery. We calculated the incidence of surgeries per 100 000 inhabitants 30 years of age and older performed by ophthalmologists carrying out at least 50 procedures annually, the number of surgeons doing these surgeries, the mean age of these practitioners, and the number of surgeons older than 55 years.ResultsIn 2016, 16 854 glaucoma surgeries were performed in patients aged 30 years and older, for an incidence of 40.8 per 100 000 inhabitants aged 30 years and older. The most frequent procedure performed was trabeculectomy followed by non‐penetrating deep sclerectomy (16.7 and 11.7, respectively, per 100 000 inhabitants 30 years of age and older). Private practice glaucoma surgery accounted for 47% of the activity of surgeons performing at least 50 surgeries per year and 60% of the total surgical activity. Of the private practice ophthalmologists performing at least 50 glaucoma surgery procedures per year, 58.5% were over 55 years of age, and 23.5% of public hospital ophthalmologists were over 55 years of age.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that surgeons performing glaucoma surgeries are often older. It is necessary to take note of the country’s educational capacity to ensure that the number of ophthalmological surgeons remains adapted to demand.
Totally endoscopic sublay/extraperitoneal Sugarbaker mesh repair for parastomal hernia
Authors: Li Binggen , Qin Changfu , Luo Hongyu , Li Guoxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionShared consensus is that a nonslit‐mesh‐based laparoscopic repair technique is the optimal treatment principle for parastomal hernia (PSH).Materials and surgical techniqueAn 81‐year‐old female parastomal hernia patient who had a previous history of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection presented for surgical treatment. We performed a novel totally endoscopic sublay/extraperitoneal Sugarbaker mesh repair (TES‐Sugarbaker) for this disease. The mesh was deployed in the sublay/extraperitoneal plane in a Sugarbaker configuration.DiscussionTES‐Sugarbaker repair for parastomal hernia is technically feasible, it requires no anti‐adhesive coated mesh and less traumatic fixation, then reduces the mesh‐related complication and postoperative pain, making it more cost effective. The present described case represents an early attempt to perform endoscopic sublay/extraperitoneal mesh repair for PSH.
Phthalimide‐(N‐alkylbenzylamine) cysteamide hybrids as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer’s disease: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Zhang Heng , Song Qing , Yu Guangjun , Cao Zhongcheng , Qiang Xiaoming , Liu Xiuxiu , Deng Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for multi‐target approach for disease treatment. Herein, based on the MTDLs strategy, a series of phthalimide‐(N‐alkylbenzylamine) cysteamide hybrids were designed, synthesized, and investigated in vitro for the purpose. Most of the target compounds were found to be potential multi‐target agents. In vitro results showed that compound 9e was the representative compound in this series, endowed with high EeAChE and HuAChE inhibitory potency (IC50 = 1.55 µm and 2.23 µm, respectively), good inhibitory activity against self‐induced Aβ1‐42 aggregation (36.08% at 25 µm), and moderate antioxidant capacity (ORAC‐FL value was 0.68 Trolox equivalents). Molecular docking studies rationalized the binding mode of 9e in both PAS and CAS of AChE. Moreover, 9e displayed excellent ability to against H2O2‐induced PC12 cell injury and penetrate BBB. Overall, these results highlighted that compound 9e was an effective and promising multi‐target agent for further anti‐AD drug development.
Antiproliferative labdane diterpenes from the rhizomes of Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe
Authors: Subramanyan Santhi , Deepika Selvakumar , Ajith Anjitha , Joseph Gracy Anuja , Dan Mathew , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar , Varma Ramavarma Luxmi , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntiproliferative activity was confirmed in the various extracts of rhizomes of Hedychium flavescens (Zingiberaceae). The phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Hedychium flavescens led to the isolation of four labdane diterpenes. Their structures were established as coronarin E (1), C‐14 epimers of isocoronarin D (2), C‐15 epimers of coronarin D methyl ether (3) and isocoronarin D (4). The structure of the compounds was identified based on spectroscopic analysis and on comparison with literature reports. All these compounds were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line and showed significant cytotoxicity as reflected in IC50 value, that is, 0.52, 0.59, 0.68 and 1.22 μM compared with the control doxorubicin (IC50 0.92 μM). Moreover, all the compounds were nontoxic towards the normal lung fibroblast (WI‐38) cells. The chemo‐profiling and cytotoxicity study of Hedychium flavescens is reported for the first time.
Assessment of bacterial exposure on phagocytic capability and surface marker expression of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD patients
Authors: Lea Simon , Gaskell Rosemary , Hall Simon , Maschera Barbara , Hessel Edith , Singh Dave 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDefective phagocytosis has been shown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) bronchoalveolar lavage and blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Phagocytic capabilities of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD are unknown. We investigated phagocytosis in these cells from COPD patients and controls. Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae or fluorescently labelled non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) by sputum macrophages and neutrophils was determined by gentamycin protection assay (COPD; n = 5) or flow cytometry in 14 COPD patients, 8 healthy smokers (HS) and 9 healthy never-smokers (HNS). Sputum macrophages and neutrophils were differentiated by adherence for the gentamycin protection assay or receptor expression (CD206 and CD66b, respectively), by flow cytometry. The effects of NTHi on macrophage expression of CD206 and CD14 and neutrophil expression of CD16 were determined by flow cytometry. There was greater uptake of S. pneumoniae [~10-fold more colony-forming units (CFU)/ml] by sputum neutrophils compared to macrophages in COPD patients. Flow cytometry showed greater NTHi uptake by neutrophils compared to macrophages in COPD (67 versus 38%, respectively) and HS (61 versus 31%, respectively). NTHi uptake by macrophages was lower in HS (31%, p = 0.019) and COPD patients (38%, p = 0.069) compared to HNS (57%). NTHi uptake by neutrophils was similar between groups. NTHi exposure reduced CD206 and CD14 expression on macrophages and CD16 expression on neutrophils. Sputum neutrophils showed more phagocytic activity than macrophages. There was some evidence that bacterial phagocytosis was impaired in HS sputum macrophages, but no impairment of neutrophils was observed in HS or COPD patients. These results highlight the relative contributions of neutrophils and macrophages to bacterial clearance in COPD.
Effects of oxygen supplementation in autonomic nervous system function during exercise in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and exertional desaturation
Authors: Boutou Afroditi K. , Dipla Konstantina , Theodorakopoulou Marieta P. , Markopoulou Katerina , Pitsiou Georgia , Papadopoulos Stavros , Kritikou Stella , Stanopoulos Ioannis , Zafeiridis Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have reduced exercise capacity and often present exertional dyspnea and desaturation. The role of autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a pathogenetic contributor to this dysfunction has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether improvement of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) via oxygen supplementation results to ANS function improvement, during steady state submaximal exercise.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial, including 12 IPF patients, with isolated exertional desaturation. Following a maximal cardiopulmonary test, participants underwent two submaximal steady state tests during which they received either supplementary oxygen or medical air. Continuous beat‐to‐beat blood pressure measurements were recorded (Finapres Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Autonomic function was assessed non‐invasively by heart rate variability (HRV); root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard‐deviation‐Poincare‐plot (SD1) were used as indices of parasympathetic output. Entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were also used.ResultsDuring rest, oxygen supplementation did not significantly alter RMSSD and SD1. During exercise, subjects presented no significant alterations compared with baseline, in most HRV indices examined. There was no improvement of this behavior with O2‐supplementation. Approximate‐entropy increased during exercise, with no differences between protocols.ConclusionsIPF patients presented an inadequate adaptive response of their ANS to exercise and recovery. Although oxygen supplementation significantly prolonged exercise duration and prevented the substantial exertional desaturation, the blunted vagal response to steady‐state exercise in these patients was not improved, suggesting that acute oxygen supplementation does not sufficiently improve ANS dysfunction in these patients.
Mixed‐integer linear programming optimization for the Supply Chain Game
Authors: Shaltayev Dmitriy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we describe the use of linear programming in conjunction with an online simulation game in an undergraduate supply chain management class. Supply chain management is a required course for students enrolled in a Business Administration program with a concentration in management. It delivers a broad overview of the supply chain management discipline, using a simulation game by Responsive Learning Technologies to provide students with hands‐on experience designing and managing a supply chain. In this teaching brief, I give an overview of the game and present the formulation of an accompanying mixed‐integer linear programming model to design an optimal supply chain that meets customers, demand while maximizing company profit. Students use a spreadsheet template to develop their own implementation of the model and then apply the optimal solution during the simulation. Consequently, they gain an understanding of the role of network optimization in supply chain management. I conclude with recommendations for management of game activities using this model and a brief discussion of some of the issues to be monitored as the game is played.
Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students: Proceedings and consensus
Authors: Cortés‐Martinicorena Francisco Javier , Ceballos Laura , Martínez‐Pérez Eva , Hernández‐Juyol Miguel , Schulte Andreas G. , Almerich‐Silla José Manuel ,   the Spanish Curriculum of Cariology Expert Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCariology is today a broad‐based discipline and in the Spanish university teaching field, all this knowledge is not unified in a curriculum. Therefore, the aim was to develop a consensus text based on the European Core Curriculum, updated, and adapted to the characteristics of the Spanish university environment.Materials and MethodsA Spanish Cariology Curriculum Group (SCCG) was set up with members of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO), Spanish Society of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry (SEOC) and Spanish Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SEOP) and university experts to adapt the European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students (ECCC) for Spain. The work was carried out online during 2018 and 2019, and also face‐to‐face meetings took place to obtain a draft curriculum open for discussion that was presented to all the Spanish universities. The final modifications to the document were specified in a Consensus Conference of Spanish universities offering a Degree in Dentistry that took place in Madrid on 19 November 2019.ResultsThirty‐eight university experts, under SCCG supervision, participated in the elaboration of the new framework document. A total of 16 universities, from 23 invited, reached a consensus as to the contents of the Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. This new Curriculum emphasises learning outcomes, uses a consensus‐based terminology pertaining to caries and other hard‐tissue conditions, and introduces a new domain of competence in Domain III of ECCC.ConclusionThis new Cariology Curriculum is the result of a very broad‐based consensus of university experts in Spain and lays the foundation for the implementation of an integrated teaching of Cariology in Spain in adherence to Alliance for a Caries Free Future (ACFF) objectives.
Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: Changes in the last 10 years
Authors: Zanotto Gustavo M. , Frisbie David D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis is a common clinical condition in the performance horse. In the last 10 years, there has been substantial growth in understanding of the disease and in the development of novel therapies.ObjectivesTo document changes in clinical use of joint therapies over the past 10 years. We also aimed to understand how newly developed therapies have been added to routine clinical practice.Study designSurvey of veterinary professionals.MethodsWe administered an electronic survey to members of the American Association of the Equine Practitioners. Questions from a similar survey in 2009 were repeated and new questions were added. The responses were tabulated, analysed and compared to those of the previous survey.ResultsA total of 407 completed surveys were returned. There were no significant differences between the current and previous surveys with respect to demographic parameters. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) remained the most common corticosteroid used to treat high‐motion joints. Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) remained the most common corticosteroid to treat low‐motion joints. The use of MPA for high‐motion joints was significantly more common in 2009 than in 2019 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66‐3.42,P = .001). Biological therapies became more popular, and the likelihood of respondents reporting having used autologous conditioned serum was substantially higher in 2019 than in 2009 (OR: 4.24, 95% CI: 3.16‐5.68,P < .001). Concomitant use of antibiotics with intra‐articular medications became more common as well.Main limitationsThis is a report of survey data and not directly measured treatments.ConclusionsThere is a decrease in the use of MPA to treat high‐motion joints. The use of biological therapies in joints has become more prevalent. There are clear differences in the use of joint therapies over time. While some differences agree with the scientific evidence, others are not fully concordant or are in direct conflict with the scientific literature.