bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expected Medium- and Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Oncology
Authors: Onesti Concetta Elisa , Tagliamento Marco , Curigliano Giuseppe , Harbeck Nadia , Bartsch Rupert , Wildiers Hans , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne , Martin Miguel , Rottey Sylvie , Generali Daniele , Campone Mario , Cristofanilli Massimo , Pusztai Lajos , Peeters Marc , Berchem Guy , Cortes Javier , Ruhstaller Thomas , Ciruelos Eva , Rugo Hope S. , Jerusalem Guy 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSEThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems globally, leading to reorganization of medical activities. We performed an international survey aimed to investigate the medium- and long-term impact on oncology units.MATERIALS AND METHODSAn 82-item survey was distributed from June 17 to July 14, 2020 among medical oncologists worldwide.RESULTSOne hundred nine medical oncologists from 18 countries in Europe (n = 93), United States (n = 5), and Latin America (n = 11) answered the survey. A systematic tracing of COVID-19–positive patients was continued in the postacute phase by 77.1% of the centers; 64.2% of the respondents participated in a local registry and 56% in international or national registries of infected patients. Treatment adaptations were introduced, and surgery was the most affected modality being delayed or canceled in more than 10% of patients in 34% of the centers, whereas early cessation of palliative treatment was reported in 32.1% of the centers; 64.2% of respondents reported paying attention to avoid undertreatments. The use of telemedicine has been largely increased. Similarly, virtual tools are increasingly used particularly for medical education and international or national or multidisciplinary meetings. 60.6% of the participants reduced clinical activity, and 28.4% compensated by increasing their research activity. Significant reduction of clinical trial activities is expected in 37% of centers this year. The well-being of healthcare staff would not recover by the end of the year according to 18% of the participants.CONCLUSIONThe COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact on oncologic activity, which will persist in the future, irrespective of geographical areas.
Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McDermott David F. , Lee Jae-Lyun , Bjarnason Georg A. , Larkin James M. G. , Gafanov Rustem A. , Kochenderfer Mark D. , Jensen Niels Viggo , Donskov Frede , Malik Jahangeer , Poprach Alexandr , Tykodi Scott S. , Alonso-Gordoa Teresa , Cho Daniel C. , Geertsen Poul F. , Climent Duran Miguel Angel , DiSimone Christopher , Silverman Rachel Kloss , Perini Rodolfo F. , Schloss Charles , Atkins Michael B. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Pembrolizumab, a programmed death 1 inhibitor, demonstrated promising single-agent activity in untreated patients with various cancer types. The phase II KEYNOTE-427 study evaluated efficacy and safety of single-agent pembrolizumab in treatment-naive patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; cohort A) and advanced non-ccRCC (cohort B). Results of cohort A are reported. METHODS In this open-label, single-arm phase II study, patients with advanced ccRCC received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for ≤ 24 months. The primary end point was objective response rate by RECIST, version 1.1. RESULTS In the total population (N = 110), median time from enrollment to data cutoff was 35.9 (range, 29.5-40.3) months. Objective response rate was 36.4% with four (3.6%) complete responses and 36 (32.7%) partial responses; disease control rate was 58.2% (95% CI, 48.4 to 67.5). Most patients (68.2%) had a decrease in target lesions, including 30.9% with a reduction ≥ 60%. Median duration of response was 18.9 (range, 2.3-37.6+) months; 64.1% of responders had a response ≥ 12 months (Kaplan-Meier). Median progression-free survival was 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.0). Median overall survival was not reached; 12-month and 24-month overall survival rates were 88.2% and 70.8%, respectively. Durable responses were observed across all International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium categories. Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 30.0% of patients, of which colitis and diarrhea were most frequent. CONCLUSION Single-agent pembrolizumab showed promising antitumor activity as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced ccRCC, with durable responses across International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium categories. Safety and tolerability profile of pembrolizumab monotherapy was comparable to what has been previously described in other tumor types.
Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances In Vitro Beta-adrenergic Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans
Authors: Nascimento Emmani B M , Moonen Michiel P B , Remie Carlijn M E , Gariani Karim , Jörgensen Johanna A , Schaart Gert , Hoeks Joris , Auwerx Johan , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D , Schrauwen Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Elevating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels systemically improves metabolic health, which can be accomplished via nicotinamide riboside (NR). Previously, it was demonstrated that NR supplementation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice decreased weight gain, normalized glucose metabolism, and enhanced cold tolerance.

Objective
Because brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major source of thermogenesis, we hypothesize that NR stimulates BAT in mice and humans.

Design and intervention
HFD-fed C56BL/6J mice were supplemented with 400 mg/kg/day NR for 4 weeks and subsequently exposed to cold. In vitro primary adipocytes derived from human BAT biopsies were pretreated with 50 µM or 500 µM NR before measuring mitochondrial uncoupling. Human volunteers (45-65 years; body mass index, 27-35 kg/m2) were supplemented with 1000 mg/day NR for 6 weeks to determine whether BAT activity increased, as measured by [18F]FDG uptake via positron emission tomography-computed tomography (randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study with NR supplementation).

Results
NR supplementation in HFD-fed mice decreased adipocyte cell size in BAT. Cold exposure further decreased adipocyte cell size on top of that achieved by NR alone independent of ex vivo lipolysis. In adipocytes derived from human BAT, NR enhanced in vitro norepinephrine-stimulated mitochondrial uncoupling. However, NR supplementation in human volunteers did not alter BAT activity or cold-induced thermogenesis.

Conclusions
NR stimulates in vitro human BAT but not in vivo BAT in humans. Our research demonstrates the need for further translational research to better understand the differences in NAD+ metabolism in mouse and human.
Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Ectopic Lipid Accumulation, and Vascular Function in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β
Authors: Moran Carla , McEniery Carmel M , Schoenmakers Nadia , Mitchell Catherine , Sleigh Alison , Watson Laura , Lyons Greta , Burling Keith , Barker Peter , Chatterjee Krishna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
In resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in thyroid hormone receptor β, peripheral tissues are variably refractory to the action of circulating thyroid hormones. We evaluated parameters contributing to atherosclerotic risk in this disorder.

Methods
We measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), Homeostasis-model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in an unselected, genetically confirmed cohort of adult RTHβ patients (n = 27-77) and compared these with measurements in healthy subjects (up to n = 100) and thyrotoxic patients (n = 40).

Results
Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) patients exhibited higher LDL-C (P = 0.008) and TG (P = 0.002) and lower HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.015 × 10–2) than control subjects, with LDL-C being higher than in thyrotoxic patients with comparable hyperthyroxinemia. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (P = 0.002) and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.0009) levels were reduced in thyrotoxic patients but not lower in RTHβ patients or control subjects. Intrahepatic lipid (P = 0.02 × 10–4), IMCL (P = 0.002), HOMA-IR (P = 0.01 × 10–2), and NEFA (P = 0.04 × 10–6) were significantly higher in RTHβ patients than control subjects. Flow-mediated dilatation was increased (P = 0.04) but cIMT (P = 0.71), PWV P = 0.81), and AIx (P = 0.95) were unaltered in RTHβ patients.

Conclusions
We have documented mixed dyslipidemia with hepatic and IMCL accumulation in RTHβ, suggesting that surveillance for these metabolic abnormalities is warranted. How they combine with enhanced endothelial function and unaltered vessel wall thickness and compliance to determine overall cardiometabolic risk in this disorder remains to be defined.
Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Cationic Chlorophyll-a Derivatives Possessing a p-Aminopyridinio Group at the 31-Position
Authors: Ogasawara Shin , Takahashi Tatsuya , Kitagawa Yuichi , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
p-Aminopyridines were oxidatively substituted at the C31-position of methyl pyropheophorbide-a, a chlorophyll-a derivative. The electron-donating p-dimethylamino groups induced silver metallation during the substitution and inhibited the electron-transfer quenching of fluorescence emission in the metal-free C31-cationic pyridinio adducts prepared by the acidic demetallation of the initially isolated Ag-chlorins.
A pilot study on lung cancer detection based on regional metabolic activity distribution in digital low-dose 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Messerli Michael , Muehlematter Urs J. , Fassbind Saskia , Franzen Daniel , Ferraro Daniela A. , Huellner Martin W. , Treyer Valerie , Curioni-Fontecedro Alessandra , Burger Irene A. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
To investigate the potential of automatic lung cancer detection on submillisievert dose 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) scans using different positron emission tomography (PET) parameters, as a primary step towards a potential new indication for 18F-FDG PET in lung cancer screening.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis with 83 patients referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT, including of 34 patients with histology-proven lung cancer and 49 patients without lung disease. Aside clinical standard PET images (PET100%) two additional low-dose PET reconstructions were generated, using only 15 s and 5 s of the 150 s list mode raw data of the full-dose PET, corresponding to 10% and 3.3% of the original 18F-FDG activity. The lungs were subdivided into three segments on each side, and each segment was classified as normal or containing cancer. The following standardized uptake values (SUVs) were extracted from PET per lung segment: SUVmean, SUVhot5, SUVmedian, SUVstd and SUVtotal. A multivariate linear regression model was used and cross-validated. The accuracy for lung cancer detection was tested with receiver operating characteristics analysis and T-statistics was used to calculate the weight of each parameter.

Results
The T-statistics showed that SUVstd was the most important discriminative factor for lung cancer detection. The multivariate model achieved an area under the curve of 0.97 for full-dose PET, 0.85 for PET10% with PET3.3% reconstructions resulting in a still high sensitivity the PET10% reconstruction of 80%.

Conclusion
This pilot study indicates that segment-based, quantitative PET parameters of low-dose PET reconstructions could be used to automatically detect lung cancer with high sensitivity.

Advances in knowledge
Automated assessment of PET parameters in low-dose PET may aid for an early detection of lung cancer.
Multiparametric transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in post-menopausal bleeding: diagnostic performance of a transvaginal algorithm and reproducibility amongst less experienced observers
Authors: Abdalla Shimaa , Abou-Taleb Hisham , Badary Dalia M. , Ali Wageeh A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
(a) To comparatively evaluate the performance of grayscale ultrasound features, power Doppler (PD) blood flow characteristics, and gel infusion sonography (GIS) in diagnosing endometrial cancer during real-time examination, (b) to compare the performance of real-time diagnosis of endometrial cancer by experienced observers with offline analysis by blinded observers using similar sonographic criteria during review of cine loop clips.

Methods:
152 females with post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) had ET ≥ 4 mm at first-line ultrasound were included. Two experienced radiologists evaluated endometrial patterns at real-time evaluation (grayscale ultrasound, PD, and GIS), then examinations were stored as video clips for later evaluation by two less-experienced radiologists. The reference standard was hysteroscopy (HY) and/or hysterectomy with the histopathological examination. The area under (AUC) the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic performance for the prediction of endometrial cancer.

Results:
Among 152 females with ET ≥ 4 mm at first line TVUS, 88 (57.9%) patients had endometrial cancer on final pathologic analysis. Real-time ultrasound criteria (ET ≥ 5 mm with the presence of irregular branching endometrial blood vessels or multiple vessels crossing EM or areas with densely packed color-splash vessels with non-intact or interrupted EMJ at the grayscale ultrasound and/or GIS) correctly diagnosed 95% of endometrial cancers with 92% diagnostic efficiency.
There is comparable accuracy of real-time evaluation (96%) and offline analysis (92%) after the exclusion of poor quality videos from the analysis. The diagnostic criteria showed good to an excellent agreement between real-time ultrasound and offline analysis.

Conclusion:
When real-time ultrasound is performed with good technique, utilizing multiple parameters, it is possible to diagnose endometrial cancer with a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility.

Advances in knowledge:
when real-time ultrasound is performed with good technique, utilizing multiple parameters, it is possible to diagnose endometrial cancer with a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility.
On the Learning Benefits of Resource Flexibility
Authors: Chod Jiri , Markakis Mihalis G. , Trichakis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2021

Resource flexibility, arguably among the most celebrated operational concepts, is known to provide firms facing demand uncertainty with such benefits as risk pooling, revenue-maximization optionality, and operational hedging. In this paper, we uncover a heretofore unknown benefit: we establish that resource flexibility facilitates learning the demand when the latter is censored, which could, in turn, enable firms to make better-informed future operational decisions, thereby increasing profitability. Further, we quantify these learning benefits of flexibility and find that they could be of the same order of magnitude as the extensively studied risk-pooling benefits of flexibility. This suggests that flexibility’s learning benefits could be a first-order consideration and that extant theories, which view flexibility only as the ability to act ex post, could be underestimating its true value when learning the demand is desirable, for example, when it enables managers to make better ex ante capacity, assortment, or pricing decisions in future periods. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Ethnic health inequalities in the UK's maternity services: a systematic literature review
Authors: Khan Zahra 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBlack, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) women have significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates in the UK as well as poorer experiences of care. To date, a systematic literature review has not been undertaken in the UK to explore ethnicity based health inequalities.AimTo explore the maternal health inequalities encountered by BAME women in the UK in relation to their experiences and use of services.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted via five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, MIDIRS and BNI). Inclusion-exclusion criterion and a keyword strategy were implemented to screen for literature published between 2013–2018.FindingsA total of eight studies with various ethnicities and geographical locations were included. Five themes emerged following thematic analysis: communication, midwife-woman relationship, healthcare services and systems, culture and social needs.ConclusionThe review identified consistency within and across the five themes. Maternity services and systems is a predominant theme that has a residual effect on the remaining four themes.
Bacteriophage therapy for bone and joint infections
Authors: Gibb Bryan P. , Hadjiargyrou Michael 
Published: February 2021

Antibiotic resistance represents a threat to human health. It has been suggested that by 2050, antibiotic-resistant infections could cause ten million deaths each year. In orthopaedics, many patients undergoing surgery suffer from complications resulting from implant-associated infection. In these circumstances secondary surgery is usually required and chronic and/or relapsing disease may ensue. The development of effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections is needed. Recent evidence shows that bacteriophage (phages; viruses that infect bacteria) therapy may represent a viable and successful solution. In this review, a brief description of bone and joint infection and the nature of bacteriophages is presented, as well as a summary of our current knowledge on the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of bacterial infections. We present contemporary published in vitro and in vivo data as well as data from clinical trials, as they relate to bone and joint infections. We discuss the potential use of bacteriophage therapy in orthopaedic infections. This area of research is beginning to reveal successful results, but mostly in nonorthopaedic fields. We believe that bacteriophage therapy has potential therapeutic value for implant-associated infections in orthopaedics.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):234–244.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip screening programme in Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda Matías F. , Pérez Juan A. , Saban Esteban A. , Castañeda Luis E. , Sepúlveda Dalia F. , Birrer Estefanía A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a wide pathological spectrum, from mild acetabular dysplasia to complete congenital hip dislocation at birth. Screening policies have been implemented in an effort to effectively identify and treat patients with DDH. Since 2009 there has been a national DDH programme in Chile. The current study evaluates the results of the programme in patients born between 2010 and 2015. Methods Records of patients hospitalized from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2019 were retrieved from national databases. Those born from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2015 who underwent a procedure for DDH under general anaesthesia during their first five years of life were selected. Sex, first surgical procedure and age at first surgical procedure were analyzed. The incidence of DDH that required major surgical treatment was calculated. Results A total of 961 children born from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2015 underwent a procedure for DDH during their first five years of life. The number of major procedures was significantly lower than the number of minor procedures (269 vs 692). The incidence of major procedures was 0.18 per 1000 live births. Girls underwent a higher number of procedures than boys (831 vs 130), whereas 39.2% of the boys and 26.2% of the girls had major procedures. The mean age at the time of the first procedure was 15.35 months (sd 10.09; range 0.03 to 55.92 months). Conclusion The present study suggests that the Chilean National DDH Screening Program is an appropriate programme with substantial benefits with respect to public health. Level of evidence II
The management of displaced femoral neck fractures: a narrative review
Authors: Sekeitto Allan Roy , Sikhauli Nkhodiseni , van der Jagt Dick Ronald , Mokete Lipalo , Pietrzak Jurek R.T. 
Published: February 2021

This article serves to review the existing clinical guidelines, and highlight the most recent medical and surgical recommendations, for the management of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs). It stresses the need for multi-disciplinary intervention to potentially improve mortality rates, limit adverse events and prevent further economic liability. Globally, the incidence of FNFs continues to rise as the general population ages and becomes more active. The annual number of FNFs is expected to exceed six million by 2050. The increased burden of FNFs exacerbates the demand on all services associated with treating these injuries. The management of FNFs may serve as an indicator of the quality of care of the geriatric population. However, despite escalating health costs, a significant 30-day and one-year mortality rate, increased rate of peri-operative adverse events and sub-optimal functional clinical outcomes, continued controversy exists over optimal patient care. Much debate exists over the type of surgery, implant selection and peri-operative clinical care and rehabilitation. FNF care models, systematized clinical pathways, formal geriatrics consultation and specialized wards within an established interdisciplinary care framework may improve outcomes, mitigate adverse events and limit unnecessary costs. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:139-144. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200036
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: a systematic review
Authors: Smeraglia Francesco , Tamborini Federico , Garutti Leonardo , Minini Andrea , Basso Morena A. , Cherubino Mario 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this systematic review is to understand which surgical procedure provides better results in terms of pain relief and function in the treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the forearm. We searched Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases on 8 July 2020. Twelve studies were included in this review. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Coleman Methodological Score. Data on demographic features, operative readings, diagnostic methods, follow-up periods, type and rates of complications, survivorship of the procedure, return to sport activity, and outcome measures were recorded. In conclusion, compared to the other techniques, endoscopic fasciotomy delivers similar success rates and lower incidence of complications. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:101-106. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200107
Design and analysis of a graphene-based Schottky junction solar cell with core/shell quantum dots as spectral downshifter
Authors: Haghighat Gholamhossein , Saghafi Kamyar 
Published: February 2021

We theoretically design and study a structure of graphene/intrinsic amorphous-silicon Schottky junction solar cell (Gr/i-a-Si_SJSC) with top core/shell quantum dots (CSQDs). A physical model incorporated with optoelectrical characteristics is developed to optimize the structure’s electrical performance by modifying the graphene work function, temperature, and CSQD radius. Simulations show that the conversion efficiency of Gr/i-a-Si_SJSC is increased by increasing the graphene work function, raising the core radius and shell thickness of CSQD and decreasing the temperature. The results reveal that with an appropriate choice of design parameter in an optimized structure, short-circuit current density of

16.2

m
A

/

c
m

2

, open-circuit voltage of 0.8 V, fill factor of 75.06%, and calculated power conversion efficiency of 9.93% are obtained.