bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic profiling of invasion‐related gene signature predicts prognostic features of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Ping , Tong Linlin , Song Yujia , Qu Hui , Chen Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the high heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), molecular subtype based on gene expression profiles is of great significance for diagnosis and prognosis prediction in patients with LUAD. Invasion‐related genes were obtained from the CancerSEA database, and LUAD expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The ConsensusClusterPlus was used to obtain molecular subtypes based on invasion‐related genes. The limma software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A multi‐gene risk model was constructed by Lasso‐Cox analysis. A nomogram was also constructed based on risk scores and meaningful clinical features. 3 subtypes (C1, C2 and C3) based on the expression of 97 invasion‐related genes were obtained. C3 had the worst prognosis. A total of 669 DEGs were identified among the subtypes. Pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, the p53 signalling pathway and other tumour‐related pathways. A 5‐gene signature (KRT6A, MELTF, IRX5, MS4A1 and CRTAC1) was identified by using Lasso‐Cox analysis. The training, validation and external independent cohorts proved that the model was robust and had better prediction ability than other lung cancer models. The gene expression results showed that the expression levels of MS4A1 and KRT6A in tumour tissues were higher than in normal tissues, while CRTAC1 expression in tumour tissues was lower than in normal tissues. The 5‐gene signature prognostic stratification system based on invasion‐related genes could be used to assess prognostic risk in patients with LUAD.
Periodontitis is associated with incidental valvular heart disease: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sia Sung‐Kien , Jan Ming‐Shiou , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Huang Yu‐Feng , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimPeriodontitis and valvular heart disease (VHD) are common diseases. Both diseases are related to chronic inflammation and share many common risk factors. Previous periodontal studies had focused mainly on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis is associated with the development of VHD.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective nationwide cohort study using Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Using ICD‐9‐CM coding, both the periodontitis and non‐periodontitis groups were matched.ResultsThere were 8483 cases and 4919 cases of VHD diagnosed in the periodontitis group and non‐periodontitis group, respectively. The cumulative incidence of VHD was significantly higher in the periodontitis group (log‐rank test, p < .001), with the incidence density of 6.44 (95% CI, 6.31–6.58) per 1000 person‐years in the periodontitis group compared to 4.65 (95% CI, 4.52–4.78) in the non‐periodontitis group. The relative risk for VHD was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.34–1.44). After multivariate analysis, periodontitis was independently associated with a risk for VHD (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.33–1.42, p < .001). Intensive treatment of periodontitis significantly lowered the risk for VHD (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.60–0.77, p < .001).ConclusionsPeriodontitis was significantly associated with the development of VHD. Treatment of periodontitis reduced the risk for VHD.
Masking ability of bleach‐shade resin composites using the multilayering technique
Authors: Dalmolin Andressa , Perez Bibiana Gabardo , Gaidarji Bruna , Ruiz‐López Javier , Lehr Roberta Maronesi , Pérez María M. , Durand Letícia Brandão 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the masking ability of bleach‐shade resin composites applied by multilayering techniques over colored substrates.Materials and methodsDisc‐shaped specimens were fabricated from bleach‐shade resin composites using different multilayering techniques. Substrates were produced in opaque ceramic discs simulating colored substrates (A2, A3, A3.5, C2, C3, C4) and a bleached tooth (0M1). Color coordinates were obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer. Color difference was calculated by CIEDE2000 using coordinates of 0 M1 ceramic as standard reference. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post‐hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Masking ability interpretation was based on perceptibility and acceptability thresholds.ResultsAll combinations presented ΔE00 above the acceptable threshold (ΔE00>1.8), ranging from 2.49 to 7.42, regardless of the restorative system, multilayering strategy or substrate color. Multilayering combinations placed over A2, A3 and A3.5 were moderately (1.8<ΔE00≤3.6) and clearly unacceptable (3.6<ΔE00≤5.4), combinations associated with C2, C3 and C4 were clearly unacceptable and, extremely unacceptable (ΔE00>5.4). Lower ΔE00 was observed for combinations with 0.5 mm extra white enamel layer (2.49), or 1.0 mm white dentin layer (2.69), over A2 and A3.5 substrates. Lightness difference showed the greatest contribution to ΔE00.ConclusionsBleach‐shade resin composite systems applied by the multilayering technique were not able to ensure effective masking ability.Clinical significanceBleach‐shade resin composites applied with different combinations of the multilayering technique were not effective in masking colored substrates. Alternative strategies, techniques and dental materials should be explored to obtain acceptable masking.
Charcoal‐based dentifrices: Effect on color stability and surface wear of resin composites
Authors: Torso Victor Hugo , Fraga May Anny Alves , Lopes Raquel Marianna , Aranha Ana Cecília Corrêa , Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenço , Correr Américo Bortolazzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of charcoal‐based dentifrices on the color change (CC) and surface wear (SW) of resin composites.Materials and MethodsFive dentifrices, including three toothpastes: Colgate total‐12 (C12), Black is the new White (CPX), and Natural (NAT); and two powders: Carvvo (CVV) and Whitemax (WMX), were evaluated. Composite blocks (5x5x2mm‐ Z350 3 M/ESPE, shade A2) were subjected to 417 and 5004 brushing cycles. The CC (n = 7, CIEDE2000; ΔE00) was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. SW (n = 5) was assessed using profilometry. The dentifrice particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsIn 417 brushing cycles, resin composite exhibited higher color change upon being exposed to NAT, CVV and WMC than to C12 (p ≤ 0.05). In 5004 brushing cycles, resin composite showed higher color change values when exposed to all dentifrices, except C12 (p ≤ 0.05). The powders promoted higher SW on resin composite than C12 in both evaluation times (p ≤ 0.05). In 417 cycles, WMX caused higher SW on composite than C12, CPX, and NAT (p ≤ 0.05). No significant different SW was found between powders and charcoal‐based toothpastes after 5004 brushing cycles (p > 0.05). SEM showed larger particles for powder than for toothpaste dentifrices.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, both null hypotheses have been rejected. Resin composites exposed to charcoal‐based dentifrices exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher color change and surface wear than conventional toothpastes.Clinical SignificanceColor change and surface wear shown by charcoal dentifrices may compromise the longevity of restorations.
Whole grain claims: Do they matter?
Authors: Zank Gail M. , Smith Karen H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsumers are offered many food choices when grocery shopping and often use product package claims and labels to help in decision making. Although many studies have evaluated health‐related product claims, few have examined whole grain claims or the use of the whole grain stamp. Two experiments show that whole grain claims and stamp do influence consumer health perceptions about a fictitious brand of crackers. Also, consumer knowledge about whole grains is not always accurate. Based on the results, more consumer education is needed for consumers to make informed decisions. Public policy suggestions are provided.
Effects of the straw inclusion in the diet of dairy calves on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites during pre‐ and post‐weaning periods
Authors: Gąsiorek Michał , Stefańska Barbara , Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek Ewa , Komisarek Jolanta , Nowak Włodzimierz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the inclusion of chopped straw into a diet with pelleted starter feed on starter intake, growth performance, fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves during the pre‐ and post‐weaning periods. Forty‐four Holstein‐Friesian female dairy calves were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (CON, starter without straw; n = 11), low straw (LS, starter feed containing 10% dry matter basis straw; n = 11), medium straw (MS, starter feed containing 15% dry matter basis straw; n = 11) and high straw (HS, starter feed containing 20% dry matter basis straw; n = 11). Starter intake and total dry matter intake were recorded daily, and bodyweight weekly until 84 days of age. The highest starter intake and total dry matter intake were noted in the LS and MS treatments during the post‐weaning, and overall experiment periods. Also, the average daily gain was greater during the pre‐weaning period for LS and MS than HS. Increasing chopped straw content in the starter feeds from 0% to 15% increased ruminal pH, especially at day 28, and molar concentration of acetate, and decreased concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and propionate throughout the trial. Concentrations of butyrate in the rumen were lower at day 28, and higher at day 56 and 84 in straw‐supplemented calves compared to the CON treatment. Increasing chopped straw content in the starters feeds from 0% to 15% increased the total counts of bacteria and protozoa, but then this counts decreased with the content of 20% chopped straw. In conclusion, the inclusion of chopped triticale straw from 10% to 15% in the diet with pelleted starter feed can improve performance, and rumen fermentation in calves; however, increasing the dietary inclusion of straw to 20% can negatively affect growth performance.
The Effects of Stressful Life Events and Negative Emotions in Relation to the Quality of Sleep: A Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Undergraduate Students and Chinese International Students
Authors: Wang Shang , Matsuda Eiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of stressful life events (SLE) on the quality of sleep among university students. The subjects were 410 Chinese undergraduate students (CU), 201 Japanese undergraduate students (JU), and 111 Chinese international students living in Japan (CI). Four questionnaires were administered: (a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; (b) the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21; (c) the Negative Life Events checklist; and (d) the Adolescent Self‐Rating Life Events Checklist. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that the experience of SLE directly affects and decreases the quality of sleep, and also increases negative emotions thereby indirectly influencing sleep quality. The multiple‐group SEM suggested that negative emotions elicited from SLE, influencing the quality of sleep, were higher for CU and CI than for JU. Thus, it could be suggested that measures to improve the quality of sleep need to be managed differently for Japanese and Chinese students.
A pilot study of transdermal gabapentin in cats
Authors: Slovak Jennifer E. , Costa Ana P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical use of gabapentin has increased; transdermal delivery in cats is incompletely studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate if gabapentin permeates feline skin in vitro and in vivo and to determine if pain scores improve after administration.AnimalsIn vitro: cadaver skin from 6 cats; phase 1: 8 young, healthy client‐owned cats; phase 2: 15 client‐owned geriatric cats.MethodsIn vitro, gabapentin applied every q12h to ear or cervical skin in diffusion cells. Samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours after application. Phase 1: Cats assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg applied q8h for 5 days to either ear or cervical skin. Serum samples collected predose, and after 1 and 5 days. Phase 2: 10 mg/kg applied q8h for 5 days. Two validated pain scores recorded predose, and after days 1, 5, and 8. Serum samples collected predose, and after days 1 and 5. Samples were frozen at −80°C for concentration analysis utilizing a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography mass‐spectrometry method.ResultsGabapentin was identified in all samples. Significant differences in gabapentin concentrations were observed from day 1 to day 5 (P < .02) and in pain scores from predose to day 5 (P < .05) and day 1 to day 5 (P < .05). No differences in pain scores were observed from predose to day 8 (P = .3).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceGabapentin in a transdermal base penetrates feline skin in vitro, is absorbed systemically in cats, and may help decrease pain scores.
Accessing local support online: Mothers' experiences of local Breastfeeding Support Facebook groups
Authors: Morse Holly , Brown Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe importance of support to breastfeeding success is well established, as are the difficulties many mothers face in accessing the support they need. With the majority of UK mothers now accessing social media for support, Breastfeeding Support Facebook (BSF) groups have increased exponentially. BSF groups vary in type (local or national/international) and in moderation—overseen by breastfeeding mothers and by midwives or trained lactation specialists. Some groups aimed at supporting mothers in a specific geographical area also have associated face‐to‐face groups, facilitated as either professional or peer support. Little is currently known about these specific local groups, their prevalence, impact or value to mothers. This paper examines mothers' experiences of using local BSF groups and why they value them as part of a larger study exploring the impact of midwife moderation on these groups. An online survey consisting of open and closed questions was completed by 2028 mothers. Findings identified that local BSF groups are widely used and highly valued for their connection with local face‐to‐face services and other mothers. They offer access to expertise and shared experience in a format mothers find convenient and timely, improving confidence and self‐efficacy. Local BSF groups enable the formation of support networks and development of breastfeeding knowledge that mothers credit with increased well‐being, motivation and breastfeeding duration. As such, they have the potential to add value to local face‐to‐face services and improve breastfeeding experiences and knowledge in communities. The findings have important implications to support the development of integrated online interventions to improve public health.
Navigating landscapes of practice: A longitudinal qualitative study of physicians in medical education
Authors: Balmer Dorene F. , Rosenblatt Samuel , Boyer Donald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite its widespread application in medical education, belonging to a single community of practice does not reflect the overall experience of physician‐educators. Knowing how physician‐educators find their way among different communities of practice (ie their landscape of practice) has implications for professional development but the limited description in the literature. In this longitudinal qualitative research, we explored how physicians who pursue graduate degrees in medical education navigate their landscape of practice.Methods11/29 physicians in one cohort of a masters in medical education programme were interviewed annually from 2016 (programme start) to 2020 (2 years post‐graduation). We iteratively collected and analysed data, creating inductive codes and categorising coded data by mode of identification (engagement, imagination, alignment) and time. We organised narratives into time‐ordered data matrices so that final analysis wove together mode, time and participant.ResultsAll participants consistently spoke of navigating their landscape of practice, which included the community created in the graduate programme; but that single community ‘doesn't define the journey itself’. They shifted engagement from teaching individual learners to translating what they learned in the graduate programme to develop educational projects and produce scholarship. They shifted the imagination from relying on internal and external assessments to experience‐inspired versions of their future self. And they shifted alignment from belonging to the graduate programme's community of practice, then belonging to different communities in their landscape of practice and ultimately focussing on communities that mattered most to them.DiscussionPhysicians in a graduate programme in medical education navigated their dynamic landscape of practice by shifting how they engaged in medical education, as well as what they imagined and who they aligned with as physician‐educators. Our work offers novel insights into how knowledgeability emerges through time as overlapping modes of identification.
Exploring the use of rating scales with entrustment anchors in workplace‐based assessment
Authors: Robinson Trevor J. G. , Wagner Natalie , Szulewski Adam , Dudek Nancy , Cheung Warren J. , Hall Andrew K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeCompetency‐based medical education (CBME) has prompted widespread implementation of workplace‐based assessment (WBA) tools using entrustment anchors. This study aimed to identify factors that influence faculty's rating choices immediately following assessment and explore their experiences using WBAs with entrustment anchors, specifically the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation scale.MethodA convenience sample of 50 semi‐structured interviews with Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians from a single Canadian hospital were conducted between July and August 2019. All interviews occurred within two hours of faculty completing a WBA of a trainee. Faculty were asked what they considered when rating the trainee's performance and whether they considered an alternate rating. Two team members independently analysed interview transcripts using conventional content analysis with line‐by‐line coding to identify themes.ResultsInterviews captured interactions between 70% (26/37) of full‐time EM faculty and 86% (19/22) of EM trainees. Faculty most commonly identified the amount of guidance the trainee required as influencing their rating. Other variables such as clinical context, trainee experience, past experiences with the trainee, perceived competence and confidence were also identified. While most faculty did not struggle to assign ratings, some had difficulty interpreting the language of entrustment anchors, being unsure whether their assessment should be retrospective or prospective in nature, and if/how the assessment should change whether they were ‘in the room’ or not.ConclusionsBy going to the frontline during WBA encounters, this study captured authentic and honest reflections from physicians immediately engaged in assessment using entrustment anchors. While many of the factors identified are consistent with previous retrospective work, we highlight how some faculty consider factors outside the prescribed approach and struggle with the language of entrustment anchors. These results further our understanding of ‘in‐the‐moment’ assessments using entrustment anchors and may facilitate effective faculty development regarding WBA in CBME.
Making it fair: Learners’ and assessors’ perspectives of the attributes of fair judgement
Authors: Valentine Nyoli , Shanahan Ernst Michael , Durning Steven J. , Schuwirth Lambert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionOptimising the use of subjective human judgement in assessment requires understanding what makes judgement fair. Whilst fairness cannot be simplistically defined, the underpinnings of fair judgement within the literature have been previously combined to create a theoretically‐constructed conceptual model. However understanding assessors’ and learners’ perceptions of what is fair human judgement is also necessary. The aim of this study is to explore assessors’ and learners’ perceptions of fair human judgement, and to compare these to the conceptual model.MethodsA thematic analysis approach was used. A purposive sample of twelve assessors and eight post‐graduate trainees undertook semi‐structured interviews using vignettes. Themes were identified using the process of constant comparison. Collection, analysis and coding of the data occurred simultaneously in an iterative manner until saturation was reached.ResultsThis study supported the literature‐derived conceptual model suggesting fairness is a multi‐dimensional construct with components at individual, system and environmental levels. At an individual level, contextual, longitudinally‐collected evidence, which is supported by narrative, and falls within ill‐defined boundaries is essential for fair judgement. Assessor agility and expertise are needed to interpret and interrogate evidence, identify boundaries and provide narrative feedback to allow for improvement. At a system level, factors such as multiple opportunities to demonstrate competence and improvement, multiple assessors to allow for different perspectives to be triangulated, and documentation are needed for fair judgement. These system features can be optimized through procedural fairness. Finally, appropriate learning and working environments which considers patient needs and learners personal circumstances are needed for fair judgments.DiscussionThis study builds on the theory‐derived conceptual model demonstrating the components of fair judgement can be explicitly articulated whilst embracing the complexity and contextual nature of health‐professions assessment. Thus it provides a narrative to support dialogue between learner, assessor and institutions about ensuring fair judgements in assessment.