bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise approach for visualization and reconstruction of pulmonary valve with intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: De Sensi Francesco , Addonisio Luigi , Miracapillo Gennaro , Breschi Marco , Cresti Alberto , Limbruno Ugo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVentricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) arising from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are the most common type of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients without structural heart disease. Radiofrequency ablation is now the gold standard of treatment in this setting due to high efficacy rates and optimal safety profile. During the last few years, the pulmonary valve (PV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) have attracted much attention as reliable sites of origin of RVOT‐type arrhythmias. In the mean while intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE) has undoubtedly improved our understanding of the cardiac anatomy. Aim of this paper is to provide an illustrated step‐by‐step guide on how to use ICE with the CARTOSOUND module to visualize and reconstruct 3D shell of the RV, the PV, as well of other contiguous anatomical structures (i.e., the aortic valve and coronary arteries) to perform aware and safe ablation in this region.
Internet‐based psychological therapies: A qualitative study of National Health Service commissioners and managers views
Authors: Simon Natalie , Ploszajski Matt , Lewis Catrin , Smallman Kim , Roberts Neil P. , Kitchiner Neil J. , Brookes‐Howell Lucy , Bisson Jonathan I. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo explore in‐depth the views on Internet‐based psychological therapies and their implementation from the perspective of National Health Service (NHS) commissioners and managers.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodTen NHS commissioners and managers participated in a semi‐structured, co‐produced interview. Each transcribed interview was double‐coded and thematically analysed using The Framework Method.ResultsInterviews generated three main themes. (1) Capacity issues across psychological therapy services create barriers to face‐to‐face therapies, and Internet‐based interventions offer a solution. (2) Despite reservations, there is growing acceptance of Internet‐based therapies. Different ways of connecting with patients are required, and Internet‐based treatments are accessible and empowering treatment options, with guided self‐help (GSH) preferred. Internet‐based interventions may however exclude some individuals and be a threat to the therapeutic relationship between patient and practitioner. (3) Successful roll‐out of Internet‐based interventions would be facilitated by a strong empirical‐ or practice‐based evidence, a national coordinated approach and timely training and supervision. Barriers to the roll‐out include digital intervention set‐up costs and delays due to NHS inflexibility.ConclusionsThe study highlights factors influencing access to Internet‐based therapies, important given the rapid evolution of e‐therapies, and particularly timely given increasing use of remote therapies due to COVID‐19 restrictions. Interviewees were open to Internet‐based approaches, particularly GSH interventions, so long as they do not compromise on therapy quality. Interviewees acknowledged implementation may be challenging, and recommendations were offered.Practitioner points

There is a shift in practice and increasingly positive views from NHS staff around remote psychological therapies and different ways of connecting with patients, particularly since the COVID‐19 pandemic.

There is a strong preference for Internet‐based psychological interventions that are guided and that include built‐in outcome measures co‐produced with service users.

There is a need to raise awareness of the growing evidence base for Internet‐based psychological therapies, including research examining therapeutic alliance across Internet‐based and face‐to‐face therapies.

Challenges implementing Internet‐based psychological therapies include therapist resistance to changing working practices in general, and inflexibility of the NHS, and national, coordinated implementation efforts are encouraged.
Pharyngomalacia diagnosed by laryngo‐tracheo‐bronchoscopy in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Wasa Masanori , Hasegawa Hisaya , Yamada Yosuke , Mizogami Masae , Kitamura Rei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlexible fiber‐optic laryngo‐tracheo‐bronchoscopy has become widely performed in infants and neonates since the introduction of thin flexible fiberscopes. Laryngomalacia is the most common airway disease in infants causing stridor. Pharyngomalacia, termed pharyngeal occlusion during inspiration, was the second most common airway disease found in our hospital in patients that underwent laryngo‐tracheo‐bronchoscopy, but the incidence, patient characteristics, and natural course have not been reported in large numbers in Japan.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of medical records on patients admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit during the neonatal period diagnosed with pharyngomalacia between April 2009 and November 2018. Patient characteristics, concurrent airway diseases, comorbidities, and treatment were reviewed.ResultsForty‐eight patients were diagnosed with pharyngomalacia. The median gestational age was 37.1 weeks, and the median birthweight was 2,552 g. Patients were diagnosed at a median age of 29 days, and cure was achieved at a median age of 4 months. Twenty‐eight patients had concurrent airway diseases, laryngomalacia being the most common. Continuous positive airway pressure or high flow nasal cannula was used in 34 patients.ConclusionsIn patients with pharyngomalacia, half were born preterm, and more than half had concurrent airway diseases. The onset and diagnosis were made within the first month of life in more than half of the patients, and resolution was seen mostly within the first 6 months of life. Whenever a patient is suspected of having an airway disease, the pharyngeal space should be carefully observed to diagnose pharyngomalacia.
Functional role of piRNAs in animal models and its prospects in aquaculture
Authors: Lite Christy , Sridhar Vasisht Varsh , Sriram Swati , Juliet Melita , Arshad Aziz , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe recent advances in the field of aquaculture over the last decade has helped the cultured‐fish industry production sector to identify problems and choose the best approaches to achieve high‐volume production. Understanding the emerging roles of non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) in the regulation of fish physiology and health will assist in gaining knowledge on the possible applications of ncRNAs for the advancement of aquaculture. There is information available on the practical considerations of epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modification and ncRNAs, such as microRNA in aquaculture, for both fish and shellfish. Among the non‐coding RNAs, PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) is 24–31 bp long transcripts, which is primarily involved in silencing the germline transposons. Besides, the burgeoning reports and studies establish piRNAs' role in various aspects of biology. Till date, there are no reviews that summarize the recent findings available on piRNAs in animal models, especially on piRNAs biogenesis and biological action. To gain a better understanding and get an overview on the process of piRNA genesis among the different animals, this work reviews the literature available on the processes of piRNA biogenesis in animal models with special reference to aquatic animal model zebrafish. This review also presents a short discussion and prospects of piRNA’s application in relevance to the aquaculture industry.
How do education resources respond to the quality of local governance in Africa?
Authors: Konte Maty 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe empirically investigate the extent to which weak local governance such as corruption, lack of effectiveness, and responsiveness in local government offices in Africa affects the likelihood that citizens experience educational resource challenges in their local public schools. We consider the challenges of lack of textbooks, poor school facilities, expensive school fees, teacher absenteeism, overcrowded classrooms, and poor teaching quality. Our perception‐based indicators of local governance are measured at the regional/provincial level, the smallest geographical location in our pooled Afrobarometer data set across 33 African countries. We find that local government officials' corrupt behaviors and ineffectiveness increase the local inhabitants' probability of experiencing challenges in their local public schools, even after controlling for government expenditure on education. The cross‐region analysis with instrumental variables reports that a one‐point increase in the percentage of citizens who perceived their local government officials as corrupt yields an increase that ranges between 0.4 and 0.9 in the percentage of people who face poor human or physical school resources in their local public schools. These values range between 0.2 and 0.4 for a one‐point percentage increase in the measure of local government ineffectiveness.
Watching Together: Local Media and Rural Civic Engagement*
Authors: Thompson Jack 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCivic engagement involves active participation in political and nonpolitical contexts in one's community. Research consistently demonstrates that sociodemographic factors, neighborhood context, community size, and media use are all important antecedents of robust civic engagement. This paper focuses on the intersection between these latter two factors. My paper draws on multiple streams of research in the rural sociology and communication literature to develop a theoretical framework where rural individuals' use of local media promotes greater civic engagement. Using data from the 2018 Local News Survey, results show that the use of local newspapers and online news websites for local news and information leads to a higher probability of participation in local activities and local groups in one's community. However, results also show that getting local news and information from traditional formats such as local TV stations may no longer be associated with an increased probability of being an active citizen in rural communities.
Characterization of skin aging through high‐frequency ultrasound imaging as a technique for evaluating the effectiveness of anti‐aging products and procedures: A review
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Vasques Louise Idalgo , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐frequency ultrasound skin imaging analysis (HFUS) is a non‐invasive technique that allows a unique approach to the analysis of skin aging, as well as in evaluating the effectiveness of dermatological and cosmetic products, especially for skin rejuvenation.ObjectiveTo describe the impact of skin aging and different anti‐aging strategies from the perspective of high‐frequency ultrasound.MethodsA bibliographic survey was carried out, selecting relevant articles that evaluated the characterization of the skin features from different points of view such as gender (male and female), age (young skin and mature skin), and ethnicity, in addition to individual variations between body regions and daily variations.ResultsSome studies also evaluated the impact of cosmetic treatments and esthetic procedures in the skin. Parameters such as dermal thickness, echogenicity, skin texture, and subepidermal low‐echogenic band (SLEB) were analyzed. It can be concluded that there is a trend, although not unanimous in the consequences of aging on the skin, being different between men and women, plus the individual nuances resulted from each one's lifestyle and exposure to the sun.ConclusionAs for the technique, it is concluded that high‐frequency ultrasound is an important evaluative alternative for dermatological studies and the effectiveness of anti‐aging products and treatments.
A remote access mixed reality teaching ward round
Authors: Bala Laksha , Kinross James , Martin Guy , Koizia Louis J. , Kooner Angad S. , Shimshon Gideon J. , Hurkxkens Thomas J. , Pratt Philip J. , Sam Amir H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneous access to clinical learning opportunities and inconsistency in teaching is a common source of dissatisfaction among medical students. This was exacerbated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with limited exposure to patients for clinical teaching.MethodsWe conducted a proof‐of‐concept study at a London teaching hospital using mixed reality (MR) technology (HoloLens2™) to deliver a remote access teaching ward round.ResultsStudents unanimously agreed that use of this technology was enjoyable and provided teaching that was otherwise inaccessible. The majority of participants gave positive feedback on the MR (holographic) content used (n = 8 out of 11) and agreed they could interact with and have their questions answered by the clinician leading the ward round (n = 9). Quantitative and free text feedback from students, patients and faculty members demonstrated that this is a feasible, acceptable and effective method for delivery of clinical education.DiscussionWe have used this technology in a novel way to transform the delivery of medical education and enable consistent access to high‐quality teaching. This can now be integrated across the curriculum and will include remote access to specialist clinics and surgery. A library of bespoke MR educational resources will be created for future generations of medical students and doctors to use on an international scale.
Pedagogical cliff‐jumping
Authors: Robert William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article chronicles how Introduction to the Study of Religion has become my favorite course to teach. In it, I narrate my process of pedagogical reinvention and syllabus redesign. Framed by professional and personal backstories, I share my pedagogical desires, list some pedagogical cues I took, and articulate pedagogical decisions and associated wagers. (Along the way, I draw on a range of disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and pedagogical materials as guides.) Then I tell how my Intro course realized these elements in its design and its execution. By doing so, I make a case for taking pedagogical risks and for reinventing Intro courses as performative responses to the practical and disciplinary question “how might we study religion?”
Rapid generation of monocyte‐derived antigen‐presenting cells with dendritic cell‐like properties
Authors: Cunningham Sarah , Hackstein Holger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the major challenges in cellular therapy is the establishment and validation of simple and fast production protocols meeting good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. Dendritic cells (DCs) are of particular therapeutic interest, due to their critical role in T cell response initiation and regulation. Conventional wisdom states that DC generation from monocytes is a time‐consuming protocol, taking up to 7–9 days.Study Design and MethodsThis study systematically screened and validated numerous culture components and conditions to identify the minimal requirements, which can give rise to functional monocyte‐derived antigen‐presenting cells (MoAPCs) in less than 48 h (36 h MoAPC). A total of 36 h MoAPCs were evaluated in terms of surface marker expression, endocytic capability, and induction of antigen‐specific T cell expansion via flow cytometry.ResultsScreening of media compositions, glucose concentrations, and surface marker kinetics, particularly DC‐SIGN as a DC‐specific marker, allowed the generation of DC‐like APCs in 36 h (36 h MoAPCs). A total of 36 h MoAPCs displayed a similar phenotype to 48 h MoAPC and standard 7 d MoDCs in terms of HLA‐DP,DQ,DR, CD83, and DC‐SIGN expression, while CD1a was preferentially expressed in standard MoDCs. Functional evaluation revealed that 36 h MoAPCs displayed reduced endocytosis capabilities and IL‐12p70 production. However, 36 h MoAPCs were able to induce T cell expansion both in an allogenic and antigen‐specific setting.ConclusionOur results indicate that mature 36 h MoAPCs possess DC‐like capabilities by inducing antigen‐specific T cell responses. This study has important implications for the generation of DC‐based cellular therapies, allowing a more cost and time‐efficient generation of APCs.
A mitogenomic phylogeny of the Entomobryoidea (Collembola): A comparative perspective
Authors: Godeiro Nerivânia Nunes , Bellini Bruno Cavalcante , Ding Nifeng , Xu Cong , Ding Yinhuan , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMitogenomes have been widely used as markers to reconstruct phylogenies of various groups of arthropods, but specifically for Collembola they have not been useful to resolve the relationships between some families, such as Paronellidae and Entomobryidae. Here, we present a phylogenetic study integrating previously published data and 20 new mitogenomes, totalling 54 species of Entomobryoidea and two external groups. Eight of the nine subfamilies were included, with species from the most representative genera. The new mitogenomes were sequenced, assembled and annotated, resulting in sequences with a length of approximately 14,000 bp. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the 13 protein‐ and 2 rRNAs‐encoding genes of the 56 mitogenomes. Both maximum likelihood (with six different datasets/models) and Bayesian inference analyses were performed. Orchesellidae, Seirinae and Lepidocyrtinae were reaffirmed as monophyletic groups, while the phylogenetic relationships between Paronellidae and Entomobryidae remain confused. A complete resolution of the Entomobryoidea phylogeny will require a comprehensive genomic sampling of the most informative nuclear and mitochondrial markers to finally overcome traditional systematic problems.
An Efficient Multi-Scale Modeling Method that Reveals Coupled Effects Between Surface Roughness and Roll-Stack Deformation in Cold Sheet Rolling
Authors: Zhang Feng , Malik Arif S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In thin-gauge cold rolling of metal sheet, the surface roughness of work rolls (WRs) is known to affect the rolled sheet surface morphology, the required rolling load, and the roll wear. While modeling of rough surfaces using statistical asperity theory has been widely applied to problems involving semi-infinite solids, the application of asperity distributions and their elastic-plastic behavior has not been considered in roll-stack models for cold sheet rolling. In this work, a simplified-mixed finite element method (SM-FEM) is combined with statistical elastic-plastic asperity theory to study contact interference and coupling effects between a rough work roll (WR) surface and the roll-stack mechanics in cold sheet rolling. By mixing equivalent rough surface contact foundations, Hertz foundations, and Timoshenko beam stiffness, an approach is created to efficiently model interactions between the micro-scale asperities and the macro-scale roll-stack deformation. Nonlinearities from elastic-plastic material behavior of the asperities and the sheet, as well as changing contact conditions along the roll length, are also accommodated. Performance of the multi-scale SM-FEM approach is made by comparison with a continuum finite element virtual material model. 3D studies for a 4-high mill reveal new multi-scale coupling behaviors, including nonuniform roughness transfer, and perturbations to the sheet thickness “crown” and contact force profiles. The described multi-scale SM-FEM approach is general and applies to rough surface contact problems involving plates and shear-deformable beams having multiple contact interfaces and arbitrary surface profiles.
Using Submaximal Exercise Heart Rate for Monitoring Cardiorespiratory Fitness Changes in Professional Soccer Players: A Replication Study
Authors: Altmann Stefan , Neumann Rainer , Härtel Sascha , Woll Alexander , Buchheit Martin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess the value of monitoring changes in fitness in professional soccer players, using changes in heart rate at submaximal intensity (HR12km/h) over the velocity at a lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L (v4mmol/L). The authors reexamined (1) a range of threshold magnitudes, which may improve detecting substantial individual changes and (2) the agreement between changes in these 2 variables. Methods: On at least 2 occasions during different moments of the season, 97 professional soccer players from Germany (first, second, and fourth division) completed an incremental test to determine HR12km/h and v4mmol/L. Optimal thresholds for changes in HR12km/h and v4mmol/L were assessed, using various methods (eg, smallest worthwhile change + typical error [TE], successive reiterations approach). Agreement between both variable changes was examined for the whole sample (225 comparisons), 4 different subgroups (depending on the moment of the season), and in an individual over 6 years (n = 23 tests). Results: Changes of 4.5% and 6.0% for HR12km/h and v4mmol/L, respectively, were rated as optimal to indicate substantial changes in fitness. Depending on the (sub)groups analyzed, these thresholds yielded 0% to 2% full mismatches, 22% to 38% partial agreements, and 60% to 78% full agreements in terms of fitness change interpretation between both variables. Conclusions: When lactate sampling during incremental tests is not possible, practitioners willing to monitor adult professional soccer players’ (Germany; first, second, and fourth division) training status can confidently implement short, 3-minute submaximal runs, with 4.5% changes in HR12km/h being indicative of true substantial fitness changes, with 60% to 78% accuracy. Future studies should investigate the potential role of confounding factors of HR12km/h to improve changes in fitness prediction.
Osteopathic manipulative treatment to improve exclusive breast feeding at 1 month
Authors: Danielo Jouhier Marie , Boscher Cécile , Roze Jean-Christophe , Cailleau Nicolas , Chaligne Frédéric , Legrand Arnaud , Flamant Cyril , Muller Jean-Baptiste 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivePrevious studies have assessed breastfeeding-support programmes. Among these, osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a frequently used approach, although without strong evidence of efficacy.MethodsA double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted between July 2013 and March 2016. Breastfed term infants were eligible if one of the following criteria was met: suboptimal breastfeeding behaviour, maternal cracked nipples or maternal pain. The infants were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group. The intervention consisted of two sessions of early OMT, while in the control group, the manipulations were performed on a doll behind a screen. The primary outcome was the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month, which was assessed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Randomisation was computer generated and only accessible to the osteopath practitioner. The parents, research assistants and paediatricians were masked to group assignment.ResultsOne hundred twenty-eight mother–infant dyads were randomised, with 64 assigned to each group. In each group, five infants were lost to follow-up. In the intervention group, 31 of 59 (53%) of infants were still exclusively breast fed at 1 month vs 39 of 59 (66%) in the control group, (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.17; p=0.12). After adjustment for suboptimal breastfeeding behaviour, caesarean section, use of supplements and breast shields, the adjusted OR was 0.44 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.11; p=0.08). No adverse effects were reported in either group.ConclusionOMT did not improve exclusive breast feeding at 1 month.Trial registration numberNCT01890668.