bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive alien mammals of European Union concern
Authors: Tedeschi Lisa , Biancolini Dino , Capinha César , Rondinini Carlo , Essl Franz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBiological invasions have emerged as one of the main drivers of biodiversity change and decline, and numbers of alien species are rapidly rising. The European Union established a dedicated regulation to limit the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS), which is focused on a Union List of IAS of particular concern. However, no previous study has specifically addressed the ecology of invasive alien mammals included in the Union List.We performed a systematic review of published literature on these species. We retrieved 262 studies dealing with 16 species, and we complemented these with the most up-to-date information extracted from global databases on IAS.We show that most of the study species reached Europe as pets that escaped from captivity or were intentionally released. On average, 1.2 species’ new first records/year were documented in European countries in the period 1981-2020, and most species are still expanding their alien ranges colonising neighbouring territories. France, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands are the most invaded nations, and the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and the American mink (Neovison vison) are the most widespread species, having invaded at least 27 countries each. Invasive mammals of European Union concern are threatening native biodiversity and human well-being: worryingly, 81.3% of the study species are implicated in the epidemiological cycle of zoonotic pathogens.Containing the secondary spread to further countries is of paramount importance to avoid the establishment of new populations of invasive mammals and the related impacts on native communities, ecosystem services, and human health.Our results offer the most updated compendium on the ecology of invasive mammals of European Union concern, that can be used to assist environmental policies, identify and subsequently fill knowledge gaps, and inform stakeholders.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTGraphical abstract: Invasive alien mammals of European Union concern.The figure illustrates how the introduction of a species in few new areas, followed by a lag phase of adaptation and sometimes enriched by further subsequent releases, can rapidly lead to the colonisation of large parts of a continent. On the top left, a heat map with species’ richness in countries of Europe. On the top right, a word cloud with the main keywords of our literature search and some of the study species’ names. On the bottom left, four out of 16 study species: in clockwise order, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), the American mink (Neovison vison), and the raccoon (Procyon lotor). On the bottom right, the temporal distribution of the first records of the study species in the countries of Europe.
Genomic time-series data show that gene flow maintains high genetic diversity despite substantial genetic drift in a butterfly species
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Springer Amy , Brady Megan , Chaturvedi Samridhi , Lucas Lauren K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffective population size affects the efficacy of selection, rate of evolution by drift, and neutral diversity levels. When species are subdivided into multiple populations connected by gene flow, evolutionary processes can depend on global or local effective population sizes. Theory predicts that high levels of diversity might be maintained by gene flow, even very low levels of gene flow, consistent with species long-term effective population size, but tests of this idea are mostly lacking. Here, we show thatLycaeidesbutterfly populations maintain low contemporary (variance) effective population sizes (e.g., ∼200 individuals) and thus evolve rapidly by genetic drift. Contemporary effective sizes were consistent with local census populations sizes. In contrast, populations harbored high levels of genetic diversity consistent with an effective population size several orders of magnitude larger. We hypothesized that the differences in the magnitude and variability of contemporary versus long-term effective population sizes were caused by gene flow of sufficient magnitude to maintain diversity but only subtly affect evolution on generational time scales. Consistent with this hypothesis, we detected low but non-trivial gene flow among populations. Furthermore, using population-genomic time-series data, we documented patterns consistent with predictions from this hypothesis, including a weak but detectable excess of evolutionary change in the direction of the mean (migrant gene pool) allele frequencies across populations, and consistency in the direction of allele frequency change over time. The documented decoupling of diversity levels and short-term change by drift inLycaeideshas implications for our understanding of contemporary evolution and the maintenance of genetic variation in the wild.
Tracheal motile cilia in mice require CAMSAP3 for formation of central microtubule pair and coordinated beating
Authors: Saito Hiroko , Matsukawa-Usami Fumiko , Fujimori Toshihiko , Kimura Toshiya , Ide Takahiro , Yamamoto Takaki , Shibata Tatsuo , Onoue Kenta , Okayama Satoko , Yonemura Shigenobu , Misaki Kazuyo , Soba Yurina , Kakui Yasutaka , Sato Masamitsu , Toya Mika , Takeichi Masatoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotile cilia of multiciliated epithelial cells undergo synchronized beating to produce fluid flow along the luminal surface of various organs. Each motile cilium consists of an axoneme and a basal body, which are linked by a ‘transition zone’. The axoneme exhibits a characteristic 9+2 microtubule arrangement important for ciliary motion, but how this microtubule system is generated is not yet fully understood. Here we show that CAMSAP3, a protein that can stabilize the minus end of a microtubule, concentrates at multiple sites of the cilium–basal body complex, including the upper region of the transition zone or the axonemal basal plate where the central pair of microtubules (CP) initiates. CAMSAP3 dysfunction resulted in loss of the CP and partial distortion of the basal plate, as well as the failure of multicilia to undergo synchronized beating. These findings suggest that CAMSAP3 plays pivotal roles in the formation or stabilization of the CP by localizing at the basal region of the axoneme, and thereby supports the coordinated motion of multicilia in airway epithelial cells.
Vitamins in wine: Which, what for, and how much?
Authors: Evers Marie Sarah , Roullier‐Gall Chloé , Morge Christophe , Sparrow Celine , Gobert Antoine , Alexandre Hervé 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVitamins are essential compounds to yeasts, and notably in winemaking contexts. Vitamins are involved in numerous yeast metabolic pathways, including those of amino acids, fatty acids, and alcohols, which suggests their notable implication in fermentation courses, as well as in the development of aromatic compounds in wines. Although they are major components in the course of those microbial processes, their significance and impact have not been extensively studied in the context of winemaking and wine products, as most of the studies focusing on the subject in the past decades have relied on relatively insensitive and imprecise analytical methods. Therefore, this review provides an extensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the impacts of vitamins on grape must fermentations, wine‐related yeast metabolisms, and requirements, as well as on the profile of wine sensory characteristics. We also highlight the methodologies and techniques developed over time to perform vitamin analysis in wines, and assess the importance of precisely defining the role played by vitamins in winemaking processes, to ensure finer control of the fermentation courses and product characteristics in a highly complex matrix.
Understanding the oral processing of solid foods: Insights from food structure
Authors: Guo Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between the structure of solid foods and their oral processing is paramount for enhancing features such as texture and taste and for improving health‐related factors such as management of body weight or dysphagia. This paper discusses the main aspects of the oral processing of solid foods across different categories: (1) oral physiology related to chewing, (2) in‐mouth food transformation, (3) texture perception, and (4) taste perception, and emphasis is placed on unveiling the underlying mechanisms of how food structure influences the oral processing of solid foods; this is exemplified by comparing the chewing behaviors for a number of representative solid foods. It highlights that modification of the texture/taste of food based on food structure design opens up the possibility for the development of food products that can be applied in the management of health.
Structural breakdown of starch‐based foods during gastric digestion and its link to glycemic response: In vivo and in vitro considerations
Authors: Nadia Joanna , Bronlund John , Singh Rajinder Paul , Singh Harjinder , Bornhorst Gail M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe digestion of starch‐based foods in the small intestine as well as factors affecting their digestibility have been previously investigated and reviewed in detail. Starch digestibility has been studied both in vivo and in vitro, with increasing interest in the use of in vitro models. Although previous in vivo studies have indicated the effect of mastication and gastric digestion on the digestibility of solid starch‐based foods, the physical breakdown of starch‐based foods prior to small intestinal digestion is often less considered. Moreover, gastric digestion has received little attention in the attempt to understand the digestion of solid starch‐based foods in the digestive tract. In this review, the physical breakdown of starch‐based foods in the mouth and stomach, the quantification of these breakdown processes, and their links to physiological outcomes, such as gastric emptying and glycemic response, are discussed. In addition, the physical breakdown aspects related to gastric digestion that need to be considered when developing in vitro–in vivo correlation in starch digestion studies are discussed. The discussion demonstrates that physical breakdown prior to small intestinal digestion, especially during gastric digestion, should not be neglected in understanding the digestion of solid starch‐based foods.
Determination of crossing sequences between seal impression and laser‐printed lines based on characteristics of the toner molten state
Authors: Wu Xiang , Li Biao , Ouyang Guoliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetermining the sequence of intersection lines is a challenge in forensic document examination. To explore more advanced technology and meet the needs of practical applications, this study proposes a method based on the characteristics of the molten state to examine crossing‐line sequences. This state can be considered as a melting state of solid laser toner through a dissolution process. Experimental results demonstrate that the molten state is always visible at intersections when a particular ink is stamped after laser printing; however, the presence of the molten state when the seal is stamped before laser printing largely depends on the time interval between printing and stamping. The degree of error obtained through blind tests indicates that this approach has its limitations; however, a high accuracy, which refers to the ability of an examiner, was achieved with respect to determining the sequence of strokes when using a fluorescence method in conjunction with this method. This further indicated the limitation of a single method and the importance of combining multiple methods for document examinations.
Evaluation of the performance, operability, and safety of Plasauto μ, a new type of machine for cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy, in a postmarketing clinical study
Authors: Hasegawa Midori , Matsushita Hiromichi , Yahata Kensei , Sugawara Akira , Ishibashi Yoshitaka , Kawahara Ryoko , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Kanno Hitoshi , Yamada Sachie , Nii Norio , Kato Masao , Ohashi Atsushi , Koide Shigehisa , Hayashi Hiroki , Yuzawa Yukio , Tsuboi Naotake 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is performed by collecting the ascites from the patient, followed by filtration and concentration. Thereafter, concentrated cell‐free ascites is reinfused into the patient intravenously. The new type of machine, Plasauto μ, for managing the process of CART was launched onto the market. We have evaluated the machine through postmarketing clinical study in 17 patients with malignant ascites. The amounts of original and concentrated ascites were 3673 ± 1920 g and 439 ± 228 g, respectively. Recovery rates were acceptable regarding values of total protein, albumin, and IgG that were 55.6% ± 17.3%, 60.2% ± 20.8%, and 58.2% ± 20.5%, respectively. Recovery rates were positively associated with amounts of original ascites and negatively associated with total protein concentration. No adverse events related to the machine were observed. The new type of machine showed preferable performance in processing malignant ascites.
Dendritic cell vaccination combined with a conventional chemotherapy for patients with relapsed or advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a single‐center phase I/II trial
Authors: Ogasawara Masahiro , Miyashita Mamiko , Yamagishi Yuka , Ota Shuichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is poor. In the present phase I/II study, we have evaluated the safety and the feasibility of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) and/or mucin1 (MUC1) peptide‐pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced or relapsed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Sixty‐five eligible patients were enrolled. No severe adverse events related to the vaccinations were observed. Objective response rate and disease control rate was 12.3% and 50.8%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 4.9 and 9.6 months, respectively. DC vaccinations augmented WT1‐ and MUC1‐specific immunity which might be related to clinical outcome. These results indicate that DC‐based immunotherapy combined with a conventional chemotherapy is safe and feasible for patients in advanced stage of PDAC.
Phenolic acids and phytosterols in rice grains and wheat flours consumed in five regions of China
Authors: Shao Yafang , Hu Zhanqiang , Liu Chengzhi , Xu Qingyu , Zhang Huali , Yan Qin , Zhu Dawei , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhenolic acids and phytosterols, the main functional compounds in cereals, could promote wellbeing and reduce the risks of diet‐related diseases. This study aimed to demonstrate phenolic acid and phytosterol profiles in rice grains and wheat flours, and estimate their intakes in five geographical regions and among different age groups. Phenolic acids and phytosterols mainly existed in bound form, and the whole rice grain had high amount of 161.39 to 368.74 µg/g and 37.50 to 93.31 mg/ 100 g, respectively. In total, nine phenolic acids and six phytosterols were detected with ferulic and p‐coumaric acid, and β‐sitosterol the most abundant. The dietary intakes of phenolic acids and phytosterols were calculated combined with the dietary foods intake data of Chinese people. The intakes of total phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice grains and wheat flours varied across different regions with Beijing the highest among the five regions. At the age of 2 to 70 years, the average intakes of phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice and wheat flours were 7.74 to 17.52 and 58.02 to 135.61 mg/sp/day, respectively. If 3‐ounce of polished rice was replaced by black rice grain, the predicted intakes of total phenolic acids and phytosterols from rice grains and wheat flours would increase by at least 196% and 68%, respectively, especially for free phenolic acids and phytosterols.Practical ApplicationThis study would help the consumers know how much phenolic acids and phytosterols they would get from 3 ounces of black rice in a reasonable intake of staple food but shift away other kinds of foods. It could also provide inspirations for food industries to explore the functional cereal foods that are rich in phenolic acids and phytosterols for different regions and different age groups.
Influence of induction cooking on the flavor of fat cover of braised pork belly
Authors: Da Dandan , Nian Yingqun , Zou Bo , Zhao Di , Zhang Ze , Li Chunbao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFat has a great impact on texture and flavor of meat products, which is influenced by cooking methods. In this study, the profiles of fatty acids, volatile compounds, and texture of fat cover of braised pork belly were investigated after plane and concave induction cooking. The results showed that cooking time showed a great impact on fat content, textural properties, fatty acids composition, lipid oxidation, and volatile compounds of fat cover (p < 0.05). When cooking time was fixed, concave induction cooking caused lower hardness, chewiness, and saturated fatty acids but higher polyunsaturated fatty acids at 60 min than plane induction cooking. Electronic nose and GC‐MS analyses showed that concave induction cooking had a greater impact on flavor of pork belly fat and produced a comparable flavor to plane induction cooked samples in a shorter time. Sensory evaluation showed that concave induction cooking had higher scores at 60 min. Thus, concave induction cooking could be a more efficient method for meat processing.Practical ApplicationElectromagnetic induction heating is an effective cooking technique. It is characterized by uniformity, efficiency, and safety of heating. The application of electromagnetic induction heating technology to the cooking of braised pork was studied, which provides information for further optimizing the cooking technology of braised pork and improving the quality of braised pork.
Chemical constituents of fresh‐cut potato as affected by cultivar, age, storage, and cooking
Authors: Dite Hunjek Draženka , Pelaić Zdenka , Čošić Zrinka , Pedisić Sandra , Repajić Maja , Levaj Branka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCertain changes in phenolics and sugars can occur during the storage of potatoes, where particularly amounts of sugars represent the critical factor as they are involved in potentially harmful acrylamide (AA) formation during frying. This research investigates the impact of cultivars (Birgit and Lady Claire), tuber's age (1, 5, and 9 months), and storage duration (1, 5, and 8 days at 10 °C) on the content of phenolics and sugars in raw, boiled, and fried fresh‐cut potato (FCP). The influence of these factors on the formation of AA in fried FCP was also assessed. Significant differences in phenolics and sugars were observed between cultivars (cv. Birgit contained 5.77 mg of phenolics 100 g–1 of dry weight (DW) and 1.75 g of sugars 100 g–1 DW, while cv. Lady Claire contained 10.13 mg of phenolics 100 g–1 DW and 0.65 g of sugars 100 g–1 DW). The content of phenolics significantly decreased, while sugars increased during tubers’ aging. FCP storage time had no significant influence on the content of phenolics and sugars. The phenolics and sugars were the highest in the raw samples and the lowest in the boiled ones. Although the AA level in fried samples was significantly influenced by cultivar (Birgit > Lady Claire) and it increased with FCP storage time, it was below European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) regulation's approved maximum value (750 µg kg–1 FW) in both cultivars. Therefore, cvs. Birgit and Lady Claire could be considered as promising FCP cultivars and for frying purposes.Practical ApplicationThe results of this research reveal that quantitative changes of chemical constituents occurring during storage and cooking of fresh‐cut slices of potato cultivars Birgit and Lady Claire are not a concern. This is of particular importance to fresh‐cut producers and customers. Phenolics were reduced during storage, but they were still present in all cooked samples independently of the cooking method. The analysis of sugars showed that tubers as old as 9 months could be used for fresh‐cut potato processing, providing safe frying without critical levels of acrylamide.
Sunflower seed byproduct and its fractions for food application: An attempt to improve the sustainability of the oil process
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Josemar Gonçalves , Egea Mariana Buranelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is one of the main oil crops in the world grown for the production of edible and biodiesel oil. Byproducts of the extraction of sunflower oil constitute a raw material with potential for several applications in the food area due to its chemical composition, including the high content of proteins and phenolic compounds. Thoughtful of a consumer increasingly concerned with the environmental impact, we try to clarify in this review the potential of using sunflower seed byproducts and their fractions to enhance the production of potentially functional foods. The applications of sunflower seed byproduct include its transformation into flours/ingredients that are capable of improving the nutritional and functional value of foods. In addition, the protein isolates obtained from sunflower seed byproduct have good technological properties and improve the nutritional value of food products. These protein isolates can be used to obtain protein hydrolysates with technological and bioactive properties and as matrices for the development of edible, biodegradable, and active films for food. The sunflower seed byproduct is also a source of phenolic compounds with bioactive properties, mainly chlorogenic acid, which can be extracted by different methods and applied in the development of functional foods and active and bioactive food packaging. The use of sunflower seed byproduct and its fractions are promising ingredients for the development of healthier and less expensive foods as well as the alternative to decrease the environmental problems caused by the sunflower oil industry.