bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for the appearance of stars with a rotation opposite to the orbital rotation of their planets
Authors: Тутуков А.В. , Федорова А.В. 
Published: November 2021

Обнаружение планетной системы K2-290 A с двумя копланарными планетами, которые обращаются в направлении, обратном вращению центральной звезды, ставит задачу поиска адекватного сценария возникновения таких систем. В данной статье представленные нами ранее сценарии образования планетных систем пересматриваются для оценки возможности формирования в их рамках планет с орбитальным вращением, обратным вращению их центральных звезд. Оценки показывают, что аккреция холодного газа гигантских молекулярных облаков старыми звездами солнечной массы, движущимися в этих облаках с низкой относительной скоростью менее ∼ 1 км/с - это наиболее вероятный сценарий возникновения таких планетных систем. С другой стороны, обратное вращение только одной из нескольких планет системы может быть результатом взаимодействия близких массивных планет на неустойчивых орбитах.
Detection of planetary system K2-290 A with two coplanar planets, which rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation of the central star, poses the problem of finding an adequate scenario for the emergence of such systems. In this article, the scenarios for the formation of planetary systems are revised to assess the possibility of forming within their framework planets with orbital rotation opposite to the rotation of their central stars. Estimates show that the accretion of cold gas from giant molecular clouds (GMOs) by old solar-mass stars moving in GMOs with a relative speed less than ∼ 1 km/s - this is the most probable scenario for the emergence of such planetary systems. On the other hand, the opposite rotation of only one of the several planets of the system can be the result of interaction of nearby massive planets in unstable orbits.
Salario mínimo agrícola
Authors: Melhado Oscar 
Published: November 2021

Este artículo muestra un análisis del salario mínimo en el sector agrícola. Primero estudia el funcionamiento de los mercados laborales en el agro y la dinámica del salario mínimo. Posteriormente estudia la legislación laboral relacionada con el sector agrícola y los aspectos relacionados con la productividad. Es indiscutible que el recurso trabajo no existe con la misma abundancia que en el pasado y que hay sectores con mejores niveles de salarios que compiten con el sector agrícola. De ahí que el autor considere que los salarios nominales tenderán a incrementarse para poder mantener mano de obra cualificada.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 591-592, 1998: 43-59.
CHANGES IN THE MECHANICAL, MICRO-, AND NANO-STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS: THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE SiO2/CB RATIO
Authors: Marzocca Angel J. , Garraza Ana L. Rodríguez , Anbinder Sebastián , Macchi Carlos , Somoza Alberto 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
A systematic study on the influence of fillers on the structural properties at micro and nanoscale of vulcanized compounds based on a natural rubber matrix reinforced with silica and/or carbon black is presented. Several compounds with different SiO2/CB ratios (1.5/1, 2.25/1, and 3/1) and total filler contents (55, 60, and 65 phr) were prepared and vulcanized at 150 °C. The experimental techniques used were rheometric, swelling and dynamic mechanical tests, and positron lifetime spectroscopy. From these techniques, cure reaction parameters, the fraction at the maximum degree of swelling, storage modulus, loss tangent, and fractional free volume were measured. Using a recent model based on a hydrodynamic description and the percolation of aggregates in a rubber matrix, it was found that regardless of the filler combinations, the dynamic storage modulus is well represented as a function of the filler volume fraction. Besides, beyond a critical SiO2/CB ratio (2.25/1) in the formulations of the compounds, the loss tangent does not depend on the SiO2/CB ratio. The results obtained show a direct correlation among mechanical properties, swelling and fractional free volume, and the type and amount of fillers in the reinforced compounds.
Оценка ландшафтно-эстетической привлекательности пригородных лесов г. Чебоксары
Authors: Ильин Владимир Николаевич , Мулендеева Алена Владимировна , Никитина Анастасия Сергеевна 
Published: November 2021

Население г. Чебоксары использует в целях рекреации удобные с точки зрения транспортной доступности зоны рекреации, пренебрегая чуть отдаленными устойчивыми, эстетически-привлекательными лесами. Исследование проведено для последующего информирования населения о состоянии лесов в целях равномерного распределения рекреационной нагрузки. Оценка проводилась по 5 показателям: ценность преобладающей породы, разнообразие видов растений в подлеске, возрастная группа по преобладающим породам, захламленность лесного участка и сухостой, санитарно-гигиеническая оценка. Всего было проанализировано 1168 лесных выделов Карачуринского, Сосновского и Пихтулинского участковых лесничеств Чувашской Республики. Была составлена сводная карта ландшафтно-эстетической оценки лесов и разработаны рекомендации по повышению эстетической привлекательности древесных насаждений. Для пригородных древесных насаждений г. Чебоксары ландшафтно-экологическая оценка подавляющего большинства лесов характеризуется выше среднего. Низкой эстетической оценкой характеризуются насаждения в состоянии распада, потерявшие декоративные качества из-за механических повреждений, перестойного возраста или зараженности вредителями и болезнями. Внедрение полученных результатов позволяет оптимально распределить нагрузку на пригородные леса. Новизна исследования заключается в ландшафтном подходе при выделении оптимальных рекреационных территорий.
Ретроспективная оценка использования земель территорий метрополисных ареалов Белгородской, Воронежской и Курской областей
Authors: Кухарук Наталья Степановна , Полякова Татьяна Анатольевна , Нарожняя Анастасия Григорьевна 
Published: November 2021

Поляризация в развитии территорий вызывает социальную напряженность вследствие процессов экономических и социальных контрастов. Имеется дефицит исследований, в которых бы рассматривались проблемы систем расселения между метрополисами и периферией, причем периферией внутренней и пограничной. Целью данного исследования является выявление основных закономерностей трансформации использования земель территорий метрополисных ареалов приграничных областей Центрально-Черноземного района: Белгородской, Воронежской, Курской. Изучены количественные индикаторные показатели роста агломераций, в частности по соотношению площадей различных категорий земельного фонда. Предложен инструментарий, позволяющий определить масштабы изменений метрополисных территорий. Установлено, что Белгородская и Курская области демонстрируют положительную динамику процентной доли земель населенных пунктов в общей структуре земельного фонда. Исследование позволило получить количественные показатели, характеризующие основные тенденции трансформации землепользования урбанизированных зон, заключающиеся в увеличении площадей земель населенных пунктов преимущественно вследствие перевода из категории земель сельскохозяйственного назначения.

БлагодарностиРабота выполнена при поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта «Метрополизация региональных столиц приграничных областей Центрально-Черноземного района в стратификации социально-экономического и экистического развития территорий в условиях построения инновационного общества» № 20-05-00074.
Комплексный экспресс-анализ загрязнения вод
Authors: Маслова Наталья Владимировна , Кочетова Жанна Юрьевна 
Published: November 2021

Проблема анализа вод различного генезиса обусловлена сложностью и динамичностью их состава. Стандартное определение некоторых показателей качества вод не отражает их реальное загрязнение и комплексное воздействие на живые системы. Существующие подходы к комплексной оценке вод по биотестам трудоемки, требуют специализированных лабораторий, поэтому мало применяются на практике. Цель работы – создание доступного для широкого круга потребителей способа экспресс-определения суммарного индекса загрязнения вод. В процессе исследования проведена оценка качества питьевых и сточных бытовых вод в г. Воронеж по стандартным методикам. Для альтернативного способа оценки суммарного загрязнения вод предложено устройство «электронный нос». Установлено, что с помощью устройства возможна надежная комплексная оценка загрязнения проб (без расшифровки химического состава) относительно эталонного образца «чистой» воды. Предложенный способ более точен, так как учитывает все загрязнители вод, а также продукты их взаимодействия, которые не определяют лабораторными методами в установленном порядке.
Os catetos do Triangulo Retângulo na Função Quadrática: Retas paralelas, áreas do trapézio e aplicações
Authors: Gonçalves Nilda Pantoja , Cordeiro Sebastião Martins Siqueira , Silva Márcio José , Chaves Neto Antonio Maia de Jesus , Lobato Junior José Maria dos Santos , Costa José Francisco da Silva 
Published: November 2021

Esse artigo consiste obter um importante teorema a partir do triângulo retângulo, provando que dado à altura h e os catetos b e c de um triângulo retângulo, pode-se expressar uma função quadrática em que o discriminante é sempre um quadrado perfeito em função das represntações dos lados desse triângulo. As expressões das retas associadas à função quadrática serão dadas em relação aos lados do triângulo e as quais interceptam a função quadrática, obtida através do teorema de Pitágoras e de relações métricas, nas suas raízes. Com a aplicação da área do triangulo e da expressão do determinante, mostra-se que a área do trapézio obedece a seguinte expressão, , onde c e b representam os catetos do triângulo. A partir destes resultados algébricos, busca-se obter uma função quadrática em que o discriminante é sempre um quadrado perfeito em função dos catetos do triangulo. Com a aplicação da área do triangulo e da expressão do determinante, mostra-se que a área do trapézio ABCD, representada como pontos de intersecção das retas paralelas com a parábola, obedece a uma expressão dada pelos catetos do triângulo. O formalism descrito ao longo desse artigo, traz Como resultado uma nova metodologia de calcular problemas matemáticos considerando o desenvolvimento apresentado ao logo dessa temática.
Propriedades mecânicas das fases ferrita e austenita de aço inoxidável duplex
Authors: F. Dias, D. , Diniz M. G. , A. R. Pimenta, 
Published: November 2021

Aços inoxidáveis duplex apresentam elevada resistência mecânica e resistência à corrosão, propriedades requeridas pelas indústrias petroquímicas. Esta combinação tem ampliado a utilização destes aços, e motivado diversas pesquisas. Os aços inoxidáveis duplex recebem este nome, devido à microestrutura ser formada por aproximadamente 50% de austenita e 50% de ferrita. Sabe-se que a dureza está diretamente relacionada à resistência mecânica, e que esta propriedade pode variar de acordo com a microestrutura do material. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar e comparar a dureza das fases austenita e ferrita presentes nos aços duplex. Uma amostra foi preparada metalográficamente, sendo posteriormente atacada com a solução Behara pela técnica de “color etching”. Após o ataque químico as amostras foram submetidas a ensaios de microdureza Vickers, apresentando 247,8±35,1 HV0,1 e 263,22±11,6 HV0,1 para a ferrita e austenita, respectivamente. Após analise estatística dos resultados, concluiu-se que as fases ferrita e austenita possuem durezas similares.
Duplex stainless steels have high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance properties required by the petrochemical industry. This combination has expanded the use of these steels, and motivated many studies. The duplex stainless steels are named because of the microstructure is formed by about 50% to 50% austenite and ferrite. It is known that the hardness is directly related to mechanical strength, and that this property can vary depending on the microstructure of the material. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the hardness of austenite and ferrite phases present in the duplex stainless steels. A sample was prepared by metallographic preparation techniques, and was then attacked with the solution BEHARA with technique of color etching. After etching the samples were tested for Vickers microhardness, with 247.8 ± 35.1 HV0, 1 and 263.22 ± 11.6 HV0, 1 for ferrite and austenite, respectively. After statistical analysis of results showed that the ferrite and austenite phases have similar hardness.
Attempt to Monopolisation and Digital Markets: Enforcement Gap
Authors: Kore Savitri , Yadav Jyotsna 
Published: November 2021

Rapid technological development, particularly in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, has led to a significant change in the industrial structure as well. Regulatory bodies world over are struggling to adjust to these changing scenarios. There is a widespread discussion regarding the need to regulate technology-driven markets such as e-commerce, telecommunication, etc. The practices used by some business giants are going against the neoclassical economic theory that profit maximisation is the goal of every firm. Firms are opting growth over profit. A large number of investigations were opened in India against business giants. Some of them were able to find contraventions of the Competition Act, 2002 (the Act). However, a large number of investigations were closed due to the lack of cognizance of collective dominance in law or inability to prove dominance in the traditional economic sense. It can be seen from the current jurisprudence of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) that there are constraints in handling competition issues in technology-driven industries mainly on account of the extant legal framework which does not recognise the need of assessing an appreciable adverse effect on competition where the dominance of the firm is not apparent. Although, the Act takes into account attempt to cartelisation as a contravention of the Act, it does not envisage an attempt to monopolise as a contravention of the Act. The past and current jurisprudence of the CCI indicates that CCI’s view is also undergoing radical change. This paper discusses the concept of “attempt to monopolise” as given in the Sherman Act and its applicability in the Indian context. The paper reviews the American antitrust literature existing on this subject and analyses the key factors which constitute antitrust violations under the clause “attempt to monopolise”. While the majority view emphasises on proving dangerous probability of success while determining an attempt to monopolise, as per the minority view, “attempt” connotes conduct and not a state of being. Unlawful intent can be inferred from the conduct as a proof of an “attempt”. The law does not require completion of a crime, it requires conduct. Thus, an attempt to monopolise is a conduct offence. This paper argues that borrowing the attempt to monopolise concept from the Sherman Act, 1890 will be helpful for the CCI in handling antitrust cases in technology-driven industries such as e-commerce, telecommunications, transport, etc.
It will go a long way in achieving competitive markets, increased consumer choice and welfare in the long-run.
ТАВРІЙСЬКІ ВІЗЕРУНКИ
Authors: Степанюк Наталія 
Published: November 2021

Статтю присвячено таврійському розпису - унікальному декоративному мистецтву Миколаївського краю, історії його виникнення і особливостям символіки й орнаментики, кольорової гами, та специфіки нанесення елементів зображення. Розкрито методику опанування таврійського розпису на шкільних уроках образотворчого мистецтва та в умовах гуртка, методи й прийоми навчання учнів початкової школи, які конкретизовані на прикладах виконання ними окремих елементі таврійського розпису й цілісної композиції. Наведено покроковий супровід використання учнями 1 і 2 класів композицій на основі таврійського розпису, який вивчається в межах тем програми курсу «Мистецтво» у загальноосвітній школі.
УДК 37.017.4 + 745+ 373.3.016:74
Internet Platform Employment in China : Legal Challenges and Implications for Gig Workers through the Lens of Court Decisions
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Cooke Fang Lee 
Published: November 2021

Research Objective and QuestionsWe aimed to examine court rulings on disputes between network platforms and labour providers in order to understand the nature of the employment relations and the broader consequences for society as a whole. We addressed two questions :MethodologyWe primarily used secondary data, namely 102 publicly available Court decisions from 2014 to 2019. The case decision reports were downloaded from the Supreme People’s Court “Network of Court Decision Papers.”ResultsDisputes occurred mainly in cities that have the most developed platforms and an independent worker model of employment. They mainly involved network platforms that provide such services as driving, food delivery and courier services. All of the disputes involved road accidents, and over half occurred in Beijing and Shanghai—two leading cities in China that have dense populations. Dispute cases rose sharply, peaked in 2017, started to drop in 2018 and fell even more in 2019. The disputes seem to have educated people on both sides, with the result that more precautions are being taken.ContributionsOur study makes three contributions. First, we identified three types of platform employment in China, the motives of the platforms in their choice of labour utilization and the legal implications in terms of labour and third-party protection. Second, we examined the attitude and role of the courts in judging disputes between network platforms and labour providers within legal constraints. Third, we propose that socialization of contract service should be central to platform employment.
Docência da educação profissional: entre a universalidade e a singularidade
Authors: Mascarello Vieira Marilandi Maria , Pansera de Araújo Maria Cristina , De Aparecido Vieira Josimar 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar como os professores da educação profissional efetivam a sua docência enfocando os conhecimentos considerados relevantes e os saberes requeridos para o exercício da docência de modo semelhante aos demais níveis e etapas da educação e as especificidades da educação profissional. Toma como referência, em relação aos saberes docentes, os estudos de Imbernón, Nóvoa, Shulman e Tardif e autores brasileiros que discutem a temática. A abordagem metodológica foi orientada pela pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa de campo e os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de estudo de caso instrumental com uso de entrevista realizada com dez professores que atuam nos cursos técnicos de nível médio em um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia situado no sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que, de modo geral, os professores precisam construir saberes que envolvem a docência de modo universal, acrescido de singularidades que distinguem a educação profissional dos demais níveis e etapas da educação.
CD47‐ and Integrin α4/β1‐Comodified‐Macrophage‐Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles Enable Delivery of Colchicine to Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Li Yuyu , Che Junyi , Chang Lei , Guo Meng , Bao Xue , Mu Dan , Sun Xuan , Zhang Xin , Lu Wen , Xie Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the major pathological factor of most cardiovascular diseases, leading to ≈1/3 of deaths worldwide. Improving local delivery of anti‐inflammatory drugs to the site of atherosclerosis has significant promise to prevent the development of atherosclerotic plaque clinically. Here, a modified‐macrophage‐membrane‐coated nanoparticle drug delivery able to transport colchicine to the atherosclerotic site is reported. This hybrid system efficiently targets endothelial cells under an inflammatory environment while escaping the endocytosis of macrophages. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effect of the modified‐macrophage‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles on foam cells is studied. In vivo, the migration of the modified‐macrophage‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles to atherosclerotic lesions is confirmed in a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque mouse model. Intravenous injections of the hybrid system successfully reduce the lipid plaque load and improve the plaque stability. This strategy provides a potential therapeutic system for the targeted delivery of anti‐inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic site for the treatment of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases.
Hydrogen Sulfide: An Emerging Precision Strategy for Gas Therapy
Authors: Ding He , Chang Jinhu , He Fei , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvances in nanotechnology have enabled the rapid development of stimuli‐responsive therapeutic nanomaterials for precision gas therapy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a significant gaseous signaling molecule with intrinsic biochemical properties, which exerts its various physiological effects under both normal and pathological conditions. Various nanomaterials with H2S‐responsive properties, as new‐generation therapeutic agents, are explored to guide therapeutic behaviors in biological milieu. The cross disciplinary of H2S is an emerging scientific hotspot that studies the chemical properties, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic effects of H2S. This review summarizes the state‐of‐art research on H2S‐related nanomedicines. In particular, recent advances in H2S therapeutics for cancer, such as H2S‐mediated gas therapy and H2S‐related synergistic therapies (combined with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic therapy) are highlighted. Versatile imaging techniques for real‐time monitoring H2S during biological diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the biosafety issues, current challenges, and potential possibilities in the evolution of H2S‐based therapy that facilitate clinical translation to patients are discussed.
Photosynthetic Oxygenation‐Augmented Sonodynamic Nanotherapy of Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Lu Shuting , Feng Wei , Dong Caihong , Song Xinran , Gao Xiang , Guo Jinhe , Chen Yu , Hu Zhongqian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) has been employed as a powerful therapeutic agent for eradicating tumor via oxidative stress. As an emerging ROS‐involving noninvasive anticancer therapeutic modality, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with high tissue penetration depth and benign remote spatiotemporal selectivity has been progressively utilized as the distinct alternative for ROS‐based tumor treatment. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment substantially restricts the sonodynamic effect. In this work, an oxygen self‐sufficient hybrid sonosensitizer on the basis of photosynthetic microorganisms cyanobacteria (Cyan) integrated with ultrasmall oxygen‐deficient bimetallic oxide Mn1.4WOx nanosonosensitizers, termed as M@C, is designed and engineered to overcome the critical issue of hypoxia‐induced tumor resistance and strengthen the SDT effect. The sustained photosynthetic oxygen production by Cyan under light illumination can promote Mn1.4WOx nanosonosensitizers to produce more ROS against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Especially, the sustained oxygen evolution for suppressing the gene expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1alpha (HIF‐1α) further boosts and augments the SDT efficiency. Thus, this work provides the paradigm that the rationally engineered biohybrid microorganism‐based multifunctional sonosensitizers can serve as an effective bioplatform for augmenting the therapeutic efficiency of SDT, particularly for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.