bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐eluted Dexamethasone Protects Hearing and Hair Cells Against Trauma‐induced Loss
Authors: Van De Water Thomas R , Hachem Ralph Abi , Bohorquez Jorge , Eshraghi Adrien A , Angeli Simon , Balkany Thomas J 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveInvestigate the efficacy of polymer‐eluted dexamethasone base (DXMb) to protect hearing & auditory hair cells against trauma‐induced losses.MethodsAn animal model of EIT‐induced loss of auditory function/hair cells and an in vitro model of inflammatory cytokine‐induced apoptosis of hair cells tested the otoprotective efficacy of polymer (SIBS)‐eluted DXMb. Inhibitor and gene expression studies quantified the expression levels of selected apoptosis and inflammation‐related genes.ResultsDXMb‐eluted from SIBS‐coated electrodes conserved hearing & protected hair cells in an animal model of cochlear implantation. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that NFκB is required for otoprotection. Bax, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl & TNFR1 genes were identified as targets of NFκB within TNFα‐challenged/DXMb‐treated explants. TNFα upregulated Bax & TNFR1 and downregulated Bcl‐2 & Bcl‐xl, treatment of these explants with eluted‐DXMb reversed TNFα‐induced changes by downregulation of Bax & TNFR1 and upregulation Bcl‐2 & Bcl‐xl. DXMb‐treatment also reversed TNFα‐induced elevation of the inflammation related gene, TNFR1.ConclusionsPolymer‐eluted DXMb retains its otoprotective efficacy activating NFκB signaling which, upregulates anti‐apoptosis related genes, and downregulates pro‐apoptosis & pro‐inflammatory genes.Supported by a grant from the MED‐EL Corp., Innsbruck, Austria
Intervention to Improve Child Care Nutrition and Activity Environments
Authors: Wosje Karen S , Sauers Hadley , Norton Angela , Copeland Kristen 
Published: June 2021

We determined the efficacy of a Southwest Ohio state‐sponsored intervention to promote nutrition (Nu) and physical activity (PA) in preschool child care. We conducted baseline (7/08–4/09) and follow‐up (9/09–12/09) phone interviews with child care center directors on Nu and PA environments of centers in an intervention (I, N=108 centers, Dayton area) and a demographically similar control (C, N=162 centers, Cincinnati area) county. A self‐assessment was sent to the 108 I centers; 28 [active intervention (AI)] returned the application and received a Targeted Action Plan to address self identified deficiencies in Nu and PA environments. The 6mo (mean±SD) in global Nu (eg, meal environment, milk, juice, snacks, etc) and PA (eg, TV, outdoor play & muscle room features, etc) scores trended higher in AI than inactive intervention (II, N=80 centers) for Nu (0.86±1.71 v 0.10±2.74 p=0.21) and PA (0.96±3.74 v 0.00±3.35 p=0.18), but not C (Nu: 0.45±2.60, p=0.4; PA: 0.80±3.78, p=0.8). The trend in differences between AI and II remained after adjustment for race (25% and 27% primarily black in AI and II respectively) or % of children receiving meal subsidy (>75% of children for 39% of AI and 32% of II). These pilot data suggest the intervention could be effective as an annual state‐wide public health initiative, but a larger study is needed.RWJF‐supported
Comparison of Sensory Specific Satiety and Sensory Specific Desires in Children and Adults
Authors: Olsen Annemarie , Ritz Christian , Hartvig Ditte Louise , Møller Per 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn adults sensory specific satiety (SSS) is a well‐described effect involved in controlling food intake. In addition, we suggest the existence of sensory specific desires (SSD), which can be described as wanting for certain taste categories and which seem to vary in a systematic manner depending on the taste of foods eaten to satiety.AimThe aim of this experiment was to compare SSS and SSD in children and adults, and their impact on subsequent food choices.MethodEighty‐seven children and 49 adults participated in the study. Sweet yoghurt was used as the food eaten to satiety, and test foods representing sweet, salty, sour, bitter, “fatty” and “spicy” flavors were also evaluated. At baseline and post meal, participants evaluated hunger, satiety, liking and wanting for test foods and yoghurt, and desires on a 150 mm visual analogue score scale. The yoghurts were served in portions of 50 g every fifth minute until a state of “comfortable satiety” was reached. For each portion, participants evaluated hunger, satiety, liking, wanting, sample perception, and desires. Finally, participants made product choices between the test foods (partial ranking).Results/ConclusionSSS and SSD were expressed differently in children and adults. In children, SSS was bound to the yoghurt, whereas in adults SSS was transferred to foods sharing sensory characteristics with the yoghurt. Similar differences were found for SSD. We conclude that children and adults in many ways differ in their expression of SSS and SSD.The study was funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council for Food and Health
Avocado consumption is associated with better nutrient intake and better health indices in U.S. adults (19+ years): NHANES 2001–2006
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L. , Dreher Mark L , Davenport Adrienne J 
Published: June 2021

The association of avocado consumption with nutrient intakes and health parameters in adults (19+ years) was examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 data (n=14,484; 52% females). Avocado consumers (n=273; 62% females) were defined as those consuming any amount of avocado (mean consumption was 68.1 ± 6.0 g/d) during the 24 hour recording period. Means, standard errors, and ANOVA (adjusted for covariates) were determined using appropriate sample weights. Avocado consumers had significantly higher (p<0.0001) intakes of total fat (94.6 ± 2.0 vs. 84.2 ± 0.3 g/d), monounsaturated fat (36.8 ± 0.8 vs. 31.3 ± 0.1 g/d), polyunsaturated fat (20.8 ± 0.6 vs. 17.5 ± 0.1 g/d), dietary fiber (21.9 ± 0.9 vs. 15.6 ± 0.2 g/d), vitamin E (9.6 ± 0.4 vs. 7.2 ± 0.1 mg AT/d), vitamin K (149 ± 11 vs. 92 ± 2 mcg/d), magnesium (331 ± 9.9 vs. 288 ± 2.0 mg/d), and potassium (3164 ± 1.5 vs. 2726 ± 16 mg/d) as compared to non‐consumers without significant differences in calorie intakes between groups. Body weight (78.0 ± 1.3 vs. 81.2 ± 0.3, kg), BMI (26.7 ± 0.5 vs. 28.3 ± 0.1 kg/m2), and waist circumference (93.1 ± 1.0 vs. 97.0 ±0.3 cm) were all significantly (p<0.05) lower and HDL‐C (55.8 ± 1.0 vs. 53.1 ± 0.2, mg/dl) was higher in avocado consumers as compared to non‐consumers. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was 42% lower (95% CI: 0.39, 0.86) in avocado consumers as compared to non‐consumers. Avocado consumption was associated with better nutrient intakes, lower body weight, lower BMI, and lower risk of metabolic syndrome.Support provided by Hass Avocado Board.
Dietary supplement combination reduces inflammation and improves vigor in stressed subjects
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Talbott Julie A , Vosti Mark , Anderson Jeannie 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of two commercially available dietary supplements on measures of Metabolic Balance, Inflammation, and Psychological Mood State. The supplements are (1) a whole Mangosteen fruit/rind juice (Xango™), and (2) an herbal blend containing Citrus sinensis, Eurycoma longifolia, Camelia sinensis, and L‐theanine (Eleviv™). Previous studies have shown benefits on measures of inflammation (Xango) and hormone balance and mood (Eleviv).MethodsWe recruited 30 moderately stressed subjects (22 women/8 men) for this 4‐week placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Each participant was randomly assigned to consume 6oz/d of the Juice/Placebo (3oz AM/3oz PM) and 2 capsules/d of the Herbal/Placebo (AM).ResultsThere were no significant differences on measures of female reproductive hormones (Progesterone, Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone, 2‐hydroxyestrone, 16‐alpha‐hydroxysterone, and Estrone Sulfate). Significant differences between groups were found for measures of Inflammation (−59% C‐Reactive Protein); Metabolic Balance (+421% ratio between Free Androgen Index/24h Cortisol exposure), Vigor (+27%), and Tension (−34%).ConclusionThese data provide clear evidence that consuming the supplements together for 4 weeks provides a range of metabolic benefits. This study was conducted by SupplementWatch and funded by Xango, LLC.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Contents on Renal Function and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats with Adriamycin‐induced Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Lim A Young , Kim Su yeon , Jeon Su Kyung , Lee In Seok , Lee Seung eun , Choue Ryowon 
Published: June 2021

The effects of dietary protein and fat on renal function‐related blood and urine parameters, such as excretion of urinary protein and inflammatory cytokines, were investigated in adriamycin (ADR)‐induced nephrotic syndrome rats.ADR (2 mg/kg BW) was injected i.p. weekly for six weeks to induce nephrotic syndrome. Rats were fed low‐ (C:P:F = 53:7:40, LPHF) or high‐protein (C:P:F = 63:30:7, HPLF) diets for five weeksAt the end of the experiment, Serum albumin, TG and creatinine levels were significantly higher in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group although serum total cholesterol levels did not differ between the two groups. BUN and UUN levels were lower in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group. Protein and creatintine excretion in the urine was significantly higher in the HPLF group than in the LPHF group. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels did not differ between the two groups. Levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐13 in splenocyte supernatants were significantly higher in the LPHF group than in the HPLF group.We confirmed that dietary protein and fat might affect blood and urine parameters, including protein excretion in urine and splenocyte inflammatory cytokine levels in ADR‐induced nephrotic syndrome rats.
The adaptation mechanisms of liver in combined pathologies
Authors: Dzidziguri Diana , Bakuradze Ekaterine , Modebadze Irina , Ninua Levan , Dekanoidze Davit , Rusishvili Levan 
Published: June 2021

The great potential of liver restoration has been described in different liver pathologies. There are various forms of liver diseases. Hence, comparative study of regenerative processes in different pathologies is especially significant for drawing out of modern methods of regenerative therapy.Earlier we have demonstrated that the reparative multiple growth of genome in some population of destructive liver cells occurs after bilateral adrenalectomy. In such conditions the resection of liver initiates a series of quick cell divisions (early mitoses) in the population of hepatocytes and provides partial repairing of liver functional activity. Bile duct ligation within 4 days also initiates the accumulation of polyplody cells in liver for repairing its functional activity. It is significant that at the same time the hepatocyte mitotic activity in cholestatic liver reaches the its maximal value.The aim of the present work was to study the adaptation mechanisms of liver in combined pathologies (bilateral adrenalectomy and cholestasis).The investigations were carried out on 50 adult (150–180 g) rats. Common bile duct ligation was made after 4 days from bilateral adrenalectomy.We have demonstrated that the ploidy of liver parenchymal cells (4c, 4cx2, 8c) significantly increases during 2 days after common bile duct ligation. We have also demonstrated that combined pathologies cause the speeding‐up of mitotic activity, which is explained by stimulating of signal transduction pathways in cholestatic liver in conditions of hormonal disbalance.
Puromycin Sensitive Aminopeptidase (PSA/NPEPPS) has neuroprotective effect in the mouse model of TAU induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Karsten Stanislav L. , Parfenova Liubov , Lau Kimbley , Vi Nancy , Hui Maria , Gray Michelle , Yang X. William , Hui Koon‐Sea , Kudo Lili C. 
Published: June 2021

Previously we identified PSA as a novel modifier of TAU‐induced neurodegeneration with effects via direct proteolysis of TAU protein. To investigate PSA's effects in the mammalian system in vivo, we generated PSA transgenic mice using BAC mediated technology. PSA mice reveal no gross anatomical or behavioral abnormalities. PSA expression and activity were elevated in the brain and other organs of hemizygous PSA mice 2 to 3 fold compared to controls. PSA mice have no significant changes in enkephalin turnover/degradation, indicating PSA is not a primary enkephalinase.To test PSA's neuroprotective ability in vivo, we crossed our PSA mice with TAUP301L transgenic mice. PSA/TAUP301L mice develop paralysis up to 1.5 months later than TAUP301L mice and show improved motor neuron counts. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced levels of hyperphosphorylated TAU in multiple brain regions of PSA/TAUP301L mice. Western blot analysis of adult and aged PSA/TAUP301L mice exhibit complete elimination of human mutated TAU.Our data confirm that elevating PSA activity in vivo blocks accumulation of soluble toxic TAU protein and may slow down the disease progression, making it a feasible therapeutic approach to treat tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease.This work was supported by UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (SLK), CurePSP (SLK), Alzheimer's Association (SLK, LCK) and NARSAD (SLK).
Morphologic evaluation of breast neoplasia in experimental focal hyperthermia
Authors: Calado Ana Isabel , ColaÃ§o Bruno , Oliveira Paula , Portela Ana , Cabrita Antonio Silverio 
Published: June 2021

Focal thermotherapy (FT) is a new modality for cancer treatment under study.The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of breast tumors induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthrace (DMBA).At 53 days of age 24 virgin SD female rats were orally given a single dose of DMBA (65 mg/Kg). Twenty‐six weeks later, animals were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (n=12) and treated group (n=12). The treated group was submitted to FT applied on the largest tumor 60 seconds for two days. The animals were ethically euthanized one week after treatment.Tumors were grouped on: I‐tumors of non‐treated animals; II‐non‐treated tumors of treated animals and III‐tumors injected with ferromagnetic cement heated with electromagnetic energy.The malignant breast tumors were evaluated by histopathology. Apoptosis, necrosis and hemorrhage did not differ significantly between groups I and II, although the frequency of these parameters was higher on group II. On group III there is a significant increase of necrosis compared to group I, and a higher frequency of necrosis and hemorrhage to group II.This preliminary study suggests that FT of one breast carcinoma leads to an increase of necrosis in all tumors of one rat experimental model. Although further studies are needed, FT has great potential for future clinical applications in breast cancer therapy.Grant: FCT‐ PTDC/SAU‐BEB/69497/2006
Evaluation of complementary treatment in DMBA breast cancer model – preliminary results
Authors: Cabrita Antonio Silverio , Verrier Guido 
Published: June 2021

Over the last decade, conventional breast cancer therapies have been frequently adjuvated with complementary medicine techniques (CMT). In spite of medical evidence, experimental models are required to validate CMT effect on breast cancer.This study has two groups of nine Sprague‐Dawley female rats. They were orally given a single dose of DMBA (65 mg/Kg) at one month of age according to the breast cancer protocol. One group (I) was maintained with no other treatment for 24 weeks. The other group (II) was submitted to hands on treatment, three times a week, 15 minutes each, during 24 weeks. All the survival animals were ethically euthanized 24 weeks after carcinogenesis induction.The malignant breast tumors were evaluated by histopathology. Statistical analysis was carried out using a χ2 and Fisher's tests. The level of significance was set at P< 0,05. There was no statistical difference between the morphology of both groups.This preliminary study suggests that CMT has no effect on breast carcinoma morphology, although further studies are required to evaluate an action on patient condition.
Expression of Wnt5a correlates with histopathological features of bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Malgor Ramiro , Brockett Colin , Greco Danielle , House Denise , McCall Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract. In the United States, it is the fourth most common cancer in men. Recurrence and progression to an invasive stage are common events urothelial carcinoma (UC).Wnt5a is a member of Wnt family for which a role in cell migration and invasion has been assigned in cancer.The goal of this study was to determine the expression of Wnt5a in human urothelium carcinoma (UC) tissue samples and to correlate Wnt5a expression with histological grade and pathological stage of the tumor. We studied 33 tumor samples collected by transurethral resection. Each sample was independently graded and staged and the expression of Wnt5a was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. The intensity was scored using a scale of 1+, 2+ or 3+ score. Logistic regression was used for statistical analyses.The 33 cases were divided as 12 low grade and 21 high grade by the stage 20 pTa, 7 pT1, 5 pT2 and 1 not determined. In all of the tumor specimens, regardless of grade and stage, the expression of Wnt5a was positive in the tumor cells. The IHC signal in high grade tumors was stronger than in the low grade tumors. We found a statistically significant correlation between histopathological grade and the intensity for Wnt5a immunostaining.The results reveal that the expression of Wnt5a correlates with the histopathological features of the bladder UC; and suggest that Wnt5a could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of UC.
Gene expression in the brain from antidepressants treated mouse using DNA microarray
Authors: Kim Yong , Lee Jun‐Ho , Shin Minkyu , Hong Moochang , Kim Yangseok , Bae Hyunsu 
Published: June 2021

The molecular and biological bases for the mechanisms of antidepressants are based on the monoamine depletion hypothesis. However, we do not yet know the full cascade of mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effect of antidepressants. To identify the genes involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of various antidepressants, we used a cDNA microarray system containing 30000 clones with isolated total RNA from each treated rat brain. In the present study, we demonstrated gene expression changes of treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant (imipramine), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine), monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine) and psychoactive herbal extracts of PM011. The expression of 35, 20, 37 and 44 genes were decreased and 21, 49, 35 and 27 were over‐expressed by imipramine, fluoxetine, phenelzine and PM011, respectively.Members of signal transduction, factors related to protein metabolism, cell survival, ligand‐receptor interaction, were some of the genes with altered expression. These data demonstrate that antidepressants interfere with the expression of a large array of genes involved in signaling, survival and protein metabolism.The results support the hypothesis that the therapeutic effect of these antidepressants is much more complex and not confined to a reuptake inhibition of neurotransmitters and inhibition of MAOThis work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (No. 2009‐0063466).
Arrestin Orchestrates Crosstalk Between G Protein‐Coupled Receptors to Modulate the Spatiotemporal Activation of ERK MAPK.
Authors: Xiang Yang Kevin 
Published: June 2021

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to diversified extracellular stimuli to modulate cellular function. Despite extensive studies investigating the regulation of single GPCR signaling cascades, the effects of concomitant GPCR activation on downstream signaling and cellular function remain unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize the cellular mechanism by which GPCR crosstalk regulates mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation.Methods and ResultsAdrenergic receptors on cardiac fibroblasts were manipulated to examine the role of arrestin in the spatiotemporal regulation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 MAPK signaling. We show a general mechanism in which arrestin activation by one GPCR is capable of regulating signaling originating from another GPCR. Activation of Gq coupled‐receptor signaling leads to prolonged ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and cellular proliferation. Interestingly, coactivation of these receptors with the beta‐adrenergic receptors induced transient ERK signaling localized within the cytosol, which attenuated cell proliferation. Further studies revealed that recruitment of arrestin3 to the beta2‐adrenergic receptor orchestrates the sequestration of Gq‐coupled receptor‐induced ERK to the cytosol through direct binding of ERK to arrestin.ConclusionsThis is the first evidence showing that arrestin3 acts as a coordinator to integrate signals from multiple GPCRs. Our studies not only provide a novel mechanism explaining the integration of mitogenic signaling elicited by different GPCRs, but also underscore the critical role of signaling crosstalk among GPCRs in vivo.
Effect of hedgehog signaling activation on osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Rosa Adalberto Luiz , Oliveira Fabiola Singaretti , Crippa Grasiele Edilaine , de Oliveira Paulo Tambasco , Beloti Marcio Mateus 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation by purmorphamine on osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). Cultures were grown in presence of 2 μM purmorphamine or vehicle (control) for 7 and 14 days. Hh activation was evaluated by gene expression of Gli1 and osteoblast differentiation by a panel of 84 genes involved in osteogenesis (Osteogenesis PCR Array) using real time PCR. Gli1 expression was compared by Kruskal‐Wallis test and Osteogenesis PCR Array by t‐test followed by Benjamini‐Hochberg multiple test correction. hBMMSCs in presence of purmorphamine displayed a significantly higher expression of Gli1 at 7 and 14 days compared to control. Many genes involved in skeletal development, bone mineral metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, extracellular and cell adhesion molecules, and transcription factors were differentially expressed in purmorphamine treated and control cultures. Noteworthy, genes encoding BMP4 (1.3 and 4.4‐fold), FGF2 (3.3 and 5.8‐fold), IGF1 (3.2 and 6.3‐fold), IGF2 (1.8 and 5.2‐fold), and TGFβ2 (1.4 and 3.4‐fold) were upregulated by Hh activation from day 7 to 14 days respectively. These findings indicate that Hh activation triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation.Grants from FAPESP and CNPq, Brazil.
Growth inhibition effects of human breast cancer cell line by ursolic acid
Authors: Gim Gyeong‐Hun , Choi Youn‐Kyung , Shin Yong‐Cheol , Ko Seong‐Gyu 
Published: June 2021

Growth inhibition effects of human breast cancer cell line by ursolic acid.Gyeong‐Hun. Gim, Youn‐Kyung. Choi, Yong‐Cheol. Shin, Seong‐Gyu. KoLab of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Basic Science of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University.Ursolic acid (3‐hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from leaves, berries, fruits, and flowers of medicinal plants, such as Rosemarinus officinalis. Ursolic acid has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis, tumor promotion, and suppress angiogenesis. Besides, we found that ursolic acid have been shown to decreased cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐453, SK‐BR‐3). It support that ursolic acid activates apoptosis of breast cancer cell. So It was detected to protein level of genes associated apoptosis signal by using immunoblotting. Among many proteins, caspase‐3 was increased. Therefore, our results explain that ursolic acid led to activates caspase 3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage, result in apoptosis activation. These results of ursolic acid could have predicted the possibility as anticancer therapy drug.