bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points on Harvested Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea gasar) from Selected Sources in Rivers State
Authors: Emoghene G. , Efiuvwevwere B. J. O. , Eruteya O. C. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the hazards associated with oyster from two communities in Rivers State and provides an insight at improving the safety of oyster through the application of the hazards analysis critical control points (HACCP) concept in processing freshly harvested mangrove oysters.
Study Design: This work is based on completely randomized design with two replications and the average values calculated for mean comparison.
Place and Duration of Study: Food and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, between October 2018 and March, 2019.
Methodology: The proximate composition, pH and bacterial profile of oysters prepared conventionally and that prepared employing critical control points concept determined using standard methods.
Results: The proximate composition of oyster meat revealed the following: moisture (83.73%), protein (8.36%), lipid (1.28%), fiber (1.04%), carbohydrate (2.12%) and ash content (3.47%). The average aerobic plate count for Abuloma and Okrika were 5.69 and 6.98 log10CFU/g respectively while coliform count was 5.37 and 5.02log10CFU/g respectively. Two bacterial genera (Staphylococcus and Bacillus) were isolated from oyster processed with HACCP approach at the last critical control point 7, whereas, nine bacterial genera (Bacillus, Streptococcus, Vibrio, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas) were isolated from the conventionally processed oysters.
Conclusion: The HACCP concept gave an improved microbiological quality of oyster meat and the safety of oyster and potential economic value.
Resolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ocotea complex (Supraocotea) facilitate phylogenetic classification and studies of character evolution
Authors: Penagos Zuluaga Juan C. , van der Werff Henk , Park Brian , Eaton Deren A. R. , Comita Liza S. , Queenborough Simon A. , Donoghue Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

PremiseThe Ocotea complex contains the greatest diversity of Lauraceae in the Neotropics. However, the traditional taxonomy of the group has relied on only three main floral characters, and previous molecular analyses have used only a few markers and provided limited support for relationships among the major clades. This lack of useful data has hindered the development of a comprehensive classification, as well as studies of character evolution.MethodsWe used RAD‐seq data to infer the phylogenetic relationships of 149 species in the Ocotea complex, generating a reference‐based assembly using the Persea americana genome. The results provide the basis for a phylogenetic classification that reflects our current molecular knowledge and for analyses of the evolution of breeding system, stamen number, and number of anther locules.ResultsWe recovered a well‐supported tree that demonstrates the paraphyly of Licaria, Aniba, and Ocotea and clarifies the relationships of Umbellularia, Phyllostemonodaphne, and the Old World species. To begin the development of a new classification and to facilitate precise communication, we also provide phylogenetic definitions for seven major clades. Our ancestral reconstructions show multiple origins for the three floral characters that have routinely been used in Lauraceae systematics, suggesting that these be used with caution in the future.ConclusionsThis study advances our understanding of phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in a taxonomically difficult group using RAD‐seq data. Our new phylogenetic names will facilitate unambiguous communication as studies of the Ocotea complex progress.
Exploratory analysis reveals arthropod consumption in 10 lemur species using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Rowe Amanda K. , Donohue Mariah E. , Clare Elizabeth L. , Drinkwater Rosie , Koenig Andreas , Ridgway Zachary M. , Martin Luke D. , Nomenjanahary Eva S. , Zakamanana François , Randriamanandaza Lovasoa J. , Rakotonirina Thierry E. , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArthropods (insects, spiders, etc.) can fulfill major nutritional requirements for primates, particularly in terms of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Yet, for many primate species we know very little about the frequency and importance of arthropod consumption. Traditional methods for arthropod prey identification, such as behavioral observations and fecal dissections, offer limited taxonomic resolution and, as a result, underestimate true diversity. Metabarcoding arthropod DNA from primate fecal samples provides a promising but underused alternative. Here, we inventoried arthropod prey diversity in wild lemurs by sequencing two regions of the CO1 gene. Samples were collected opportunistically from 10 species of lemurs inhabiting three national parks in southern Madagascar using a combination of focal animal follows and live trapping. In total, we detected arthropod DNA in 98 of the 170 fecal samples analyzed. Although all lemur species included in these analyses showed evidence of arthropod consumption, those within the family Cheirogaleidae appeared to consume the highest frequency and diversity of arthropods. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence of arthropod consumption inPhaner pallescens,Avahi peyrierasi, andPropithecus verreauxi, and identifies 32 families of arthropods as probable food items that have not been published as lemur dietary items to date. Our study emphasizes the importance of arthropods as a nutritional source and the role DNA metabarcoding can play in elucidating an animal's diet.
Modular Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Chiral β‐Lactams by a Synergistic Copper/Palladium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Qi Jialin , Wei Fang , Tung Chen‐Ho , Xu Zhenghu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric multicomponent, interrupted Kinugasa allylic alkylation (IKAA) reaction has been developed with a synergistic Cu‐catalyzed Kinugasa system and a Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction. This unprecedented reaction provides in high yields and with high stereoselectivity a synthesis of α‐quaternary chiral β‐lactams, which cannot be produced with existing synthetic methods. Stereoselective coupling of two catalytic amounts of transient organometallic intermediates formed in situ is an important feature of this reaction.
Synthesis and optimization of dopamine hydrochloride functionalized palygorskite and their application in protective coatings on water saturated surface of concrete
Authors: Sun Dewen , Ma Yingjie , Lu Liqun , Qi Shuai , Hou Pingping , Li Bo , Ran Qianping , Liu Jiaping , Hong Jinxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe synthesis process of dopamine hydrochloride functionalized palygorskite (Pal) nanoparticles (Pal@PDA) is optimized by adjusting the mass ratio of them. The optimal preparation technology of the Pal@PDA is determined by scanning electron microscopy and comparing the adhesive strength between the biomimetic protective coatings and dry and water saturated concrete surface. When the mass ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to Pal is 1:4, the prepared Pal@PDA does not contain excess polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles and the coatings incorporating the Pal@PDA have the highest adhesive strength on dry and water saturated concrete surface at the same conditions. Compared with the pure epoxy primer, the adhesive strength between the epoxy primer incorporating 5 wt% Pal@PDA and the water saturated concrete surface increases by 25.69% (from 3.282 to 4.125 MPa). Furthermore, the Pal@PDA is embedded into pure epoxy resin to prepare the biomimetic resin composites, the tensile strength and compressive strength of the composites incorporating 5 wt% Pal@PDA are 91.20% and 34.77% higher than that of pure epoxy resin, respectively. Further studies confirm that the active groups on the Pal@PDA surface form the stable covalent and non‐covalent bonds with epoxy primer and the water saturated concrete surface, which is the major mechanism of improving interfacial adhesion.
Fine grinding of thermoplastics by high speed friction grinding assisted by guar gum
Authors: Bhagia Samarthya , Gallego Nidia C. , Hiremath Nitilaksha , Harper David P. , Lowden Richard A. , Lowden Richard R. , Pu Yunqiao , Vaidya Uday , Ozcan Soydan , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh speed friction grinding has been used to grind plant and food substances in water but never been explored for grinding of thermoplastics like polylactic acid (PLA), low and high density polyethylene and polypropylene. Such grinding was investigated in this work and was made possible by using 0.5% guar gum solution instead of just water because increasing the viscosity of water reduced their settling and the speed of passing through the grinder. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the plastics were studied and higher grinding efficiency of PLA could be explained by its low elongation‐at‐break compared to low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and polypropylene. The microplastics (2000–45 μm) were studied for mass and particle size distributions and by scanning electron microscopy, 13C CP/MAS NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, viscosity of guar gum and contact angles was measured. This new technology can produce finely ground microplastics (710–45 μm) for a variety of applications.
Self‐crosslinked poly‐L‐ornithine and poly‐L‐arginine networks: Synthesis, characterization, pH‐responsibility, biocompatibility, and AIE‐functionality
Authors: Yu Haixiang , Tong Zongrui , Bai Tianwen , Mao Zhengwei , Ni Xufeng , Ling Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA pH‐responsive hydrogel consists of polypeptides only is a promising biomaterial with the advantages of good biocompatibility and non‐toxicity. This work reports the synthesis of poly‐L‐ornithine(poc) (polyLOpoc) serving as the precursor for hydrogels of poly‐L‐ornithine (polyOrn) and poly(L‐arginine‐r‐L‐ornithine) (poly(Arg‐r‐Orn)). Their controllable degree of crosslinking, good mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and pH‐responsibility are detailedly investigated. The swelling ratio of polyOrn hydrogel in acidic aqueous solution is 5.7 times higher than that in a basic environment. In the deprotection of phenoxycarbonyl group, polyLOpoc releases amino pendant groups, which attack the remaining poc‐protected amino groups to fulfill self‐crosslinking without any crosslinking agent. In addition, the pH‐responsive behavior of hydrogels is visualized by aggregation‐induced emission phenomena with polyOrn and poly(Arg‐r‐Orn) containing tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)ethene moisture.
Controlling the foam morphology of supercritical CO2‐processed poly(methyl methacrylate) with CO2‐philic hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Ozkutlu Merve , Bayram Goknur , Dilek Cerag 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHighly CO2‐philic nanoparticles, octatrimethylsiloxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are used to increase the affinity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to CO2 in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming, thus to improve its foaming performance and the foam morphology. PMMA and PMMA‐POSS composite foams were produced based on the two‐factorial design, at the upper and lower experimental conditions of pressure, temperature, processing time, and venting rate. The foams of PMMA‐5% POSS composites exhibited smaller average pore sizes and higher pore densities than neat PMMA and PMMA‐0.5% POSS composites. The smallest average pore diameter (0.3 μm) and the highest pore density (6.33 × 1012 cm−3) were obtained with this composite processed at 35°C, 32 MPa, for 24 h and depressurized with fast‐venting rate (0.4 MPa/s). ScCO2 processing decreased the density of the polymer by more than 50%.
Movements and diving behaviour of white‐chinned petrels: Diurnal variation and implications for bycatch mitigation
Authors: Frankish Caitlin K. , Manica Andrea , Navarro Joan , Phillips Richard A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Many seabirds dive to forage, and the ability to use this hunting technique varies according to such factors as morphology, physiology, prey availability, and ambient light levels. Proficient divers are more able to seize sinking baits deployed by longline fishing vessels and may return them to the surface, increasing exposure of other species. Hence, diving ability has major implications for mitigating incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries.
Here, the diving behaviour and activity patterns of the most bycaught seabird species worldwide, the white‐chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis), tracked from Bird Island (South Georgia), are analysed. Three data sources (dives, spatial movements, and immersion events) are combined to examine diverse aspects of at‐sea foraging behaviour, and their implications for alternative approaches to bycatch mitigation are considered.
The tracked white‐chinned petrels (n = 14) mostly performed shallow dives (<3 m deep) of very short duration (<5 s), predominantly during darkness, but only 7 and 10% of landings in daylight and darkness, respectively, involved diving, suggesting that surface‐seizing is the preferred foraging technique. Nonetheless, individuals were able to dive to considerable depth (max = 14.5 m) and at speed (max = 2.0 m·s−1), underlining the importance of using heavy line‐weighting to maximize hook sink rates, and bird‐scaring lines (Tori lines) that extend for long distances behind vessels to protect hooks until beyond diving depths.
Reserve effect of a small North‐East Atlantic marine protected area (Arrábida, Portugal) on soft‐sediment fish species
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Lucas , Priester C. Robert , Sousa Inês , Erzini Karim , Abecasis David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been widely used as a tool to manage and conserve marine resources and services. Yet, to date, the reserve effect is still weakly evaluated, particularly for soft‐sediment habitats.
The Arrábida MPA, considered as a biodiversity hotspot, was fully established in 2009 on the west coast of Portugal and is characterized by large expanses of soft‐sediment habitats. This MPA was established to protect biodiversity and to ensure the livelihood of the local small‐scale fisheries community.
Beyond before–after‐control–impact (BACI) analyses were carried out on catch data (abundance and biomass) of 351 trammel net sets from experimental fishing campaigns (2007–2019) to study the reserve effect on demersal fish populations.
The results show a declining trend in abundance inside and outside the protected area, with significant positive effects only found for undersize commercial species and Solea senegalensis, and a general increase in fish species total length. Despite the lack of any obvious reserve effect, the increase in fish length can be considered as a first sign.
Anthropogenic pressures are generalized around the area, and transgressions of the restrictions are frequently observed inside the no‐take zone. These can, among other aspects, delay or prevent the expected reserve effects. Therefore, enforcement and/or modification of the spatial plan must be incentivized to achieve the goals of the MPA.
Melatonin improves cognitive behavior, oxidative stress, and metabolism in tumor‐prone lethal giant larvae mutant of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wong Kar‐Cheng , Sankaran Srivani , Jayapalan Jaime J. , Subramanian Perumal , Abdul‐Rahman Puteri S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMutant lethal giant larvae (lgl) flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are known to develop epithelial tumors with invasive characteristics. The present study has been conducted to investigate the influence of melatonin (0.025 mM) on behavioral responses of lgl mutant flies as well as on biochemical indices (redox homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transaminases, and minerals) in hemolymph, and head and intestinal tissues. Behavioral abnormalities were quantitatively observed in lgl flies but were found normalized among melatonin‐treated lgl flies. Significantly decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants involved in redox homeostasis were observed in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, but had restored close to normalcy in melatonin‐treated flies. Carbohydrates including glucose, trehalose, and glycogen were decreased and increased in the hemolymph and tissues of lgl and melatonin‐treated lgl flies, respectively. Key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism showed a significant increment in their levels in lgl mutants but had restored close to wild‐type baseline levels in melatonin‐treated flies. Variables of lipid metabolism showed significantly inverse levels in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, while normalization of most of these variables was observed in melatonin‐treated mutants. Lipase, chitinase, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in their activities and minerals exhibited decrement in lgl flies; reversal of changes was observed under melatonin treatment. The impairment of cognition, disturbance of redox homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming in lgl flies, and restoration of normalcy in all these cellular and behavioral processes indicate that melatonin could act as oncostatic and cytoprotective agents in Drosophila.
Cky811 protein expressed by polydnavirus and venom gland of Cotesia kariyai regulates the host Mythimna separata larvae immune response function of C‐type lectin responsible for foreign substance recognition which suppresses its melanization and encapsulation
Authors: Sawa Tomomi , Tanaka Toshiharu , Kato Yoshiaki , Nakamatsu Yutaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCotesia kariyai (Ck) larvae implanted into the body cavity of the Mythimna separata (armyworm) larvae get melanized and encapsulated after adhesion by hemocytes called hyperspread cells (HSCs). The present study showed that HSCs could not adhere to the implanted Ck larvae in armyworm larvae after injection of Ck polydnavirus (CkPDV) + venom (V), thus melanization and encapsulation could not occur. A C‐type lectin called Mys‐IML of the host armyworm larvae was considered to be involved in the recognition of foreign substances which always expressed in hemocytes. The CkPDV DNA encodes a C‐type lectin called Cky811 that has high amino acid homology to Mys‐IML. HSCs did not adhere when CkPDV + V was mixed with the hemolymph of armyworm larvae on glass slides and incubated in vitro, but the addition of anti‐Cky811 antibody enabled HSCs to adhere. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Mys‐IML in armyworm larvae injected with CkPDV + V became undetectable by 6 h. On the contrary, Cky811 mRNA was well expressed in the hemocytes of armyworm larvae injected with CkPDV + V from 0.5 to 6 h. Cky811 protein was also detected in the crude extracts from Ck venom gland + Ck venom reservoir, suggesting that these proteins regulate foreign substance recognition by the armyworm within 0.5 h. These results suggest that CkPDV + V suppresses mRNA expression of Mys‐IML, and that Cky811 protein expressed in hemocytes regulates foreign substance recognition of Mys‐IML, resulting in inhibition of the downstream reaction steps: HSCs adhesion, melanization, and encapsulation.
Necessary and sufficient condition for global controllability of nonlinear systems
Authors: Liu YuanYuan , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the global controllability of general nonlinear control systems, which is intimately related to their defining vector fields. We give a necessary and sufficient condition by studying how to enlarge the defining set of vector fields without changing its controllability. Four such approaches are obtained. First, for a given set of vector fields, if one of them is reversible, then the images of these given vector fields under the flow of it can be included without changing the controllability. Second, if two of them are reversible, then their Lie bracket can be included to the given set without changing its controllability. Third, the controllability of a given set of vector fields is preserved by positive span. Finally, the controllability of a given set of vector fields is preserved under closure. For a given nonlinear control system, its controllability is determined as follows. Begin with the defining set of vector fields, step by step, we enlarge it by the aforementioned approaches until its controllability can be readily verified. The power of the proposed approaches is demonstrated by examples.
Prosociality and hoarding amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tale of four countries
Authors: Tse Dwight C. K. , Lau Vienne W. , Hong Ying‐yi , Bligh Michelle C. , Kakarika Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis that poses a challenge to humanity. Drawing on the stress and coping literature, we argue that people around the world alleviate their anxiety and stress induced by the pandemic through both prosocial and ‘self‐interested’ hoarding behaviours. This cross‐cultural survey study examined the pushing (threat perception) and pulling (moral identity) factors that predicted prosocial acts and hoarding, and subsequently psychological well‐being. Data were collected from 9 April to 14 May 2020 from 251 participants in the United Kingdom (UK), 268 in the United States (US), 197 in Germany (DE), and 200 in Hong Kong (HK). Whereas threat perception was associated positively with both prosocial acts and hoarding, benevolent moral identity was associated positively with the former but not the latter behaviour. We also observed cross‐cultural differences, such that both effects were stronger in more individualistic (UK, US) countries than less individualistic (HK, DE) ones. The findings shed light on the prosocial vs. self‐interested behavioural responses of people in different cultures towards the same pandemic crisis.
The mental health benefits of community helping during crisis: Coordinated helping, community identification and sense of unity during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bowe Mhairi , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Kellezi Blerina , Stevenson Clifford , McNamara Niamh , Jones Bethany A. , Sumich Alex , Heym Nadja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCommunities are vital sources of support during crisis, providing collective contexts for shared identity and solidarity that predict supportive, prosocial responses. The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented a global health crisis capable of exerting a heavy toll on the mental health of community members while inducing unwelcome levels of social disconnection. Simultaneously, lockdown restrictions have forced vulnerable community members to depend upon the support of fellow residents. Fortunately, voluntary helping can be beneficial to the well‐being of the helper as well as the recipient, offering beneficial collective solutions. Using insights from social identity approaches to volunteering and disaster responses, this study explored whether the opportunity to engage in helping fellow community members may be both unifying and beneficial for those engaging in coordinated community helping. Survey data collected in the UK during June 2020 showed that coordinated community helping predicted the psychological bonding of community members by building a sense of community identification and unity during the pandemic, which predicted increased well‐being and reduced depression and anxiety. Implications for the promotion and support of voluntary helping initiatives in the context of longer‐term responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic are provided. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.