bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Glioblastoma and Defining Their Pro-tumoral Effects
Authors: Jain Saket , Rick Jonathan W. , Joshi Rushikesh , Beniwal Angad , Spatz Jordan , Chang Alexander Chih-Chieh , Nguyen Alan T. , Sudhir Sweta , Chandra Ankush , Haddad Alex , Wadhwa Harsh , Shah Sumedh S. , Choi Serah , Hayes Josie L. , Wang Lin , Yagnik Garima , Costello Joseph F. , Diaz Aaron , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTDespite their identification in some cancers, pro-tumoral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were presumed absent in glioblastoma given the lack of brain fibroblasts. Serial trypsinization of primary glioblastoma cultures yielded cells with CAF morphology, CAF transcriptomic profile, and mesenchymal lineage in single-cell RNA-seq. Glioblastoma CAFs were attracted to glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and CAFs enriched GSCs. We created a resource of inferred crosstalk by mapping expression of receptors to their cognate ligands, identifying PDGF-β and TGF-β as mediators of GSC effects on CAFs, and osteopontin and hepatocyte growth factor as mediators of CAF-induced GSC enrichment. Glioblastoma CAFs also induced M2 macrophage polarization by producing the EDA fibronectin variant. Glioblastoma CAFs were enriched in the subventricular zone which houses neural stem cells that produce GSCs. Including CAFs in GSC-derived xenografts inducedin vivogrowth. These findings are among the first to identify glioblastoma CAFs and their GSC interactions, making them an intriguing target.
Midwives’ attitudes toward participation of pregnant women in a preventive vaccine hypothetical clinical trial
Authors: Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Guyot Emilie , Detoc Maëlle , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Raia-Barjat Tiphaïne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women are frequently excluded from clinical trials. Yet, inclusion of pregnant women is of interest in vaccinology including during health crisis. Promotion of clinical trials by midwives may facilitate the decision making of pregnant women. Attitudes of midwives about participation in a vaccine clinical trial have been little explored.MethodsWe conducted an anonymous survey from the 11th of September to the 11th of November 2020. Primary endpoint was the willingness to encourage pregnant women to participate in a hypothetical respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine clinical trial.ResultsAmong 398 midwives who answered the questionnaire, 113 (28.3 %) were likely to encourage pregnant women to participate in the vaccine clinical trial, this proportion ranged from 25 % in senior midwives to 34.5 % among the students. After adjustment on age, parenthood, previous vaccine hesitancy attitudes, and the 5 components of the 5C model, the only predictor of the promotion of the clinical trial was the training score with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.09 (1.01-1.18, p=0.027) for a one-point increase. Vaccine hesitancy and psychological antecedents of vaccinations were not associated with a lower promotion of pregnant women trial participation among midwives.ConclusionFew respondents were likely to encourage pregnant women to participate in a vaccine clinical trial. Midwives who considered having a good training about vaccines were more prone to encourage pregnant women to participate in a RSV vaccine clinical trial.Problem or IssueRecruitment of pregnant women in vaccine clinical trial is challengingWhat is Already KnownPregnant women are more prone to accept participation in a clinical trial if the proposal is made by a midwife.What this Paper AddsEvaluation of attitudes and their determinants of midwives about vaccine clinical trial participation of pregnant women.
An immuno-enrichment free, validated quantification of tau protein in human CSF by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Self Wade , Awwad Khader , Savaryn John Paul , Schulz Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTau protein is a key target of interest in developing therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we sought to develop a method that quantifies extracellular tau protein concentrations human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without antibody-based enrichment strategies.ResultsWe demonstrate that the fit-for-purpose validated method in Alzheimer’s Disease CSF is limited to quasi quantitative measures of tau surrogate peptides. We also provide evidence that CSF total Tau measures by LC-MS are feasible in the presence of monoclonal therapeutic antibodies in human CSF.ConclusionOur Tau LC-MS/MS method is a translational bioanalytical tool for assaying target engagement and pharmacodynamics for anti-tau antibody drug development campaigns.
Early prediction of clinical response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in human solid tumors through mathematical modeling
Authors: Butner Joseph D. , Martin Geoffrey V. , Wang Zhihui , Corradetti Bruna , Ferrari Mauro , Esnaola Nestor , Chung Caroline , Hong David S. , Welsh James , Hasegawa Naomi , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Curley Steven A. , Chen Shu-Hsia , Pan Ping-Ying , Libutti Steven K. , Ganesan Shridar , Sidman Richard L. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Koay Eugene J. , Cristini Vittorio 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCheckpoint inhibitor therapy of cancer has led to markedly improved survival of a subset of patients in multiple solid malignant tumor types, yet the factors driving these clinical responses or lack thereof are not known. Here we present a translational mathematical model dependent on three key parameters for describing efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in human cancer: tumor growth rate (α), tumor immune infiltration (Λ), and immunotherapy-mediated amplification of anti-tumor response (µ). The model was validated by fitting it to a compiled clinical tumor response dataset (n = 189 patients) obtained from published anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 clinical trials, and then validated on an additional validation cohort (n = 64 patients) obtained from our in-house clinical trials. The derived parameters Λ and µ were both significantly different between responding versus non-responding patients. Of note, our model appropriately classified response in 81.4% of patients by using only tumor volume measurements and within two months of treatment initiation in a retrospective analysis. The model reliably predicted clinical response to the PD-1/PD-L1 class of checkpoint inhibitors across multiple solid malignant tumor types. Comparison of model parameters to immunohistochemical measurement of PD-L1 and CD8+ T cells confirmed robust relationships between model parameters and their underlying biology, demonstrating reliable methods to inform model parameters directly from biopsy samples, which are conveniently obtainable as early as the start of treatment. Together, these results suggest that the model parameters may serve as early and robust biomarkers of the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor therapy on an individualized per-patient basis.SIGNIFICANCECheckpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, but only a subset of patients with solid tumors responds clinically. The ability to predict tumor responses a priori or soon after starting therapy would allow for personalized and timely adaptive clinical applications of checkpoint inhibitor- based immunotherapy in patients. By applying a mechanistic mathematical model, we show that checkpoint inhibitor therapeutic effectiveness is accurately predictable in most patients within two months after treatment initiation. Our method may be implemented directly into clinical practice, as it relies on standard-of-care imaging and pathology. If successful in prospective studies, this model will improve selection of cancer patients for checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and perhaps for other forms of humoral- or cell-based immunotherapy.
SARS-CoV-2 Heterogeneity by Ethnicity in Los Angeles
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Hertlein Fred , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies have identified notable disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among ethnic minorities. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 test results from individuals presenting for testing in Los Angeles between June-December, 2020. We calculated prevalence ratios for various employment categories. Among 518,914 test results, of which 295,295 (56.9%) were from individuals reporting Hispanic ethnicity, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 16.5% among Hispanic individuals compared to 5.0% among non-Hispanic individuals (p-value<0.01). The prevalence ratios comparing Hispanic and non- Hispanic individuals was highest for members of the media (PR=6.7; 95% CI 4.3-10.4), government employees (PR=4.0; 95% CI 3.3-4.9), and agricultural workers (PR=4.0; 95% CI 3.2-5.0). Such heterogeneity warrants further investigation in order to develop targeted public health interventions towards specific drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Molecular simulations reveal the impact of RAMP1 on ligand binding and dynamics of CGRPR heterodimer
Authors: Aksoydan Busecan , Durdagi Serdar 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe release of the neuropeptide of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the mechanisms of migraine pathology and pain perception as it causes vasodilatation, neurogenic inflammation, mast cell degranulation, sensory signal activation and peripheral sensitivity. Although the findings on the effectiveness of CGRP-targeted therapies in migraine provide new information about the pathophysiology of migraine, questions remain on how the CGRP mechanisms fit into the overall migraine theory. The cryo-EM structure of Gs-protein complexed human CGRP receptor (CGRPR) with bound endogenous CGRP neuropeptide paved the way of understanding the insights into the CGRP receptor function. With several molecular modeling approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and post-MD analyzes, we aimed to investigate the importance of RAMP1 in the stability of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Moreover, we compared the binding modes of the CGRP neuropeptide and CGRPR antagonists (i.e., telcagepant and rimegepant) within the presence or absence of RAMP1. We also investigated the global and local effects of bound molecules on CGRPR as well as their effects on the CLR-RAMP1 interaction interfaces. Results showed that although these molecules stay stable at the ectodomain binding site, they can also bind to the orthosteric ligand binding pocket and form the crucial interactions occurred in the CGRP agonism, which may be interpreted as non-specificity of the ligands, however, most of these interactions at orthosteric site are not sustainable or weak. Particularly, RAMP1 may also be important for the stability of TM domain of CLR hereby stabilizing the orthosteric binding pocket.
Institutional logic and scholars' reactions to performance measurement in universities
Authors: Kallio Kirsi-Mari , Kallio Tomi J. , Grossi Giuseppe , Engblom Janne 
Published: May 2021

PurposeEmploying institutional logic and institutional work as its theoretical framework, this study analyzes scholars' reactions to performance measurement systems in academia.Design/methodology/approachLarge datasets were collected over time, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data were gathered from a two-wave survey in 2010 (966 respondents) and 2015 (672 respondents), conducted among scholars performing teaching- and research-oriented tasks in three Finnish universities.FindingsThe analysis showed statistically significant changes over time in the ways that the respondents were positioned in three major groups influenced by different institutional logics. This study contributes to the international debate on institutional change in universities by showing that in Finnish universities, emerging business logics and existing professional logics can co-exist and be blended among a growing group of academics. The analysis of qualitative open-ended answers suggests that performance measurement systems have led to changes in institutional logic, which have influenced the scholars participating in institutional work at the microlevel in academia.Social implicationsWhile most scholars remain critical of performance measurement systems in universities, the fact that many academics are adapting to performance measurement systems highlights significant changes that are generally occurring in academia.Originality/valueWhile most extant studies have focused on field- and organizational-level analyses, this study focuses on understanding how the adoption of performance measurement systems affects institutional logic and institutional work at the microlevel. Moreover, the study's cross-sectional research setting increases society's understanding of institutional evolution in academia.
Old ways and new means: Indigenous accountings during and beyond the pandemic
Authors: Finau Glenn , Scobie Matthew 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe study uses the case of an online-mediated barter economy that proliferated during the COVID-19 crisis to highlight Indigenous notions of barter, trade and exchange.Design/methodology/approachA netnographic approach was employed which involved collecting online posts and comments which were stored and analysed in NVivo. This was supplemented with field notes and reflections from authors with an intimate knowledge of the context. These were analysed thematically. The overall methodology is inspired by decolonising methodologies that seek to restore the agency of Indigenous Peoples in research towards self-determination.FindingsFindings suggest that during and beyond the crisis, social media (a new means) is being used to facilitate barter and determinations of/accounting for value within. This is being done through constant appeals to, and adaptation of, tradition (old ways). Indigenous accounting is therefore best understood as so through Indigenous accountability values and practices.Originality/valueThis paper propose a re-orientation of accounting for barter research that incorporates recent debates between the disciplines of economics and anthropology on the nature of barter, debt and exchange. The authors also propose a re-imagining of accounting and accountability relations based on Indigenous values within an emerging online barter system in Fiji during COVID-19 as “old ways and new means” to privilege Indigenous agency and overcome excessive essentialism.
Understanding political accountability in a strong structuration framework
Authors: Mutiganda Jean Claude , Järvinen Janne T. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeResearch was conducted to investigate whether, and how, political accountability might stabilise when agents are faced with profound changes in external structures such as competition laws and austerity policies.Design/methodology/approachWe performed a field study from 2007 to 2015 in a regional hub in Finland and worked with data from document analysis, interviews and meeting observations. We have used embedded research design, where we apply methodological bracketing as well as composite sequence analysis for field research.FindingsAccountability declined when irresistible external structures were the dominant influence on the unreflective actions of agents-in-focus. With time, however, the agents started acting critically by drawing on structures that could facilitate strategic actions to stabilise political accountability.Research limitations/implicationsThe field research and interpretation of the data were limited to the organisation analysed; however, the theoretical arguments allow for analytical generalisations.Practical implicationsThe research demonstrates how public officials and political decision-makers can eventually adopt a strategic approach when faced with irresistible change in external structures.Social implicationsThe research demonstrates how public officials and political decision-makers can eventually adopt a strategic approach when faced with irresistible changes in external structures.Originality/valueThe study locates political accountability in the context of strong structuration theory and discusses how it is redefined by external structures.
Innovation performance in digital economy: does digital platform capability, improvisation capability and organizational readiness really matter?
Authors: Jun Wen , Nasir Muhammad Hamid , Yousaf Zahid , Khattak Amira , Yasir Muhammad , Javed Asad , Shirazi Syed Hamad 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how digital platforms capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness directly affect innovation performance. This study also explores how organizational readiness acts as mediator.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical study is based on quantitative research design. Data were collected from 647 managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) working in Pakistan. Correlations and regression techniques were used for analyses. The Preacher and Hayes technique, the Sobel test and Bootstrap techniques were used to test mediation effect.FindingsThe results reveal a significant and positive relationship of digital platforms capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness with innovation performance. Organizational readiness fully mediates the relationships between digital platforms capability and innovation performance link as well as between improvisational capability and innovation performance link.Originality/valueIn the age of digital economy the achievement of innovation performance is very important for SMEs. Businesses are shifting from traditional operational activities to digitalization. This study is imperative to offer new realm of modern technologies by exploring the role of digital platform capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness for achieving innovation performance in digital economy.
Prostitution: a new dynamic of discrimination
Authors: Yasin Raheel , Namoco Sarah I. Obsequio 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
There is scarcity in the literature, both empirically and theoretically, regarding the relationship between transgender discrimination and prostitution. This study aims to offer a new framework for conceptualizing workplace discrimination and prostitution by examining the mediating role of poverty in the relationship between discrimination and prostitution.

Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual framework of this study is based on the social identity theory and the theory of prostitution.

Findings
Transgender is a neglected group in society, and more often, they are the ones who are unable to find jobs and when employed, find it challenging to sustain their employment because of their gender identity. This leads them to be discriminated at their workplaces. Subsequently, they are forced to leave their workplace and settle to work as prostitutes for their economic survival.

Research limitations/implications
Further research should empirically test the design model.

Practical implications
Managers play an essential role in eliminating discrimination in the organization. Managers need to take measures in crafting gender-free and anti-discrimination policies. They take steps to design recruitment policies in which there is no need to disclose applicant identity.

Social implications
Discrimination, on the basis of gender identity, promotes a culture of hate, intolerance and economic inequality in society. Prostitution has devastating effects on society.

Originality/value
In the field of organizational behavior, discrimination as a factor of prostitution was not explored. This study provides a significant contribution to the transgender and discrimination literature along with the prostitution theory and the social identity theory by proposing a model that highlights discrimination as one of the factors that compel the transgender community to be involved in prostitution.
The nursing community’s discriminatory attitude towards LGBTQ individuals
Authors: Aslan Manar , Paslı Gürdoğan Eylem 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Equality is a basic human right. However, LGBTQ individuals often have their human rights violated because of their gender identity or sexual orientation. They also experience discrimination because of homophobic and transphobic attitudes. They frequently deal with derisive attitudes at school, are discriminated against in the workplace and struggle to access health services. This paper aims to determine the discriminatory attitudes of nurses in their social and professional lives toward LGBTQ individuals.

Design/methodology/approach
This study involved 503 nurses and used a questionnaire to examine their views regarding members of the LGBTQ community. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions. Ten experts from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and nursing provided the necessary inputs, which were subsequently incorporated into the questionnaire.

Findings
The nurses were found to have a negative attitude toward LGBTQ individuals; they felt that they should not be allowed to live in comfort in Turkey and that they disrupted the social order and compromised public morality. It was observed that married (in general), male (in particular), and have fewer nursing education nurses are much more likely to have a discriminatory attitude toward LGBTQ people, and they were more discriminatory in their society rather than in their professional lives.

Originality/value
According to the principles of justice and equality, which are a prominent part of the nursing code of ethics – “With the awareness that all people have equal rights, the nurse serves regardless of race, language, religion, age, gender, belief, social and economic status and political opinion” – nurses should not have a discriminatory attitude. This study reveals the inequality and the ethical problems that riddle Turkey’s health sector.
The influence of sociodemographic behavioural variables on health-seeking behaviour and the utilisation of public and private hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Adongo Awinaba Amoah , Dapaah Jonathan Mensah , Azumah Francess Dufie , Onzaberigu Nachinaab John 
Published: May 2021

PurposeSeveral studies have described health-seeking behaviour within the context of various diseases, the health status and age group. However, knowledge on patient health-seeking behaviour in the use of public and private hospitals and socio-demographic characteristics in developing countries is still scarce. This paper examines the influence of socio-demographic behavioural variables on health-seeking behaviour and the use of public and private health facilities in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research approach uses the modified SERVQUAL dimension as a data collection tool. Descriptive statistics with Pearson's chi-square test were conducted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic behavioural variables and health-seeking behaviour of patients using public and private hospitals.FindingsThe results showed that there is a significant relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics (sex, marital status, education, level of income) and the health-seeking behaviour of patients in regard to the utilisation of public and private health facilities (p < 0.000).Originality/valueThere is a significant relationship between patients' socio-demographic variables and their choice and utilisation of public and private healthcare services. This information is of value to policy makers so that they have an idea on the socio-demographic behavioural variables that influence patients' health-seeking behaviour.