bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Sewage Sludge Valorization via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Applications for Circular Economy
Authors: Çebi Dilvin , Celiktas Melih Soner , Sarptaş Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In pursuit of establishing a circular economy, waste-to-energy approach is gaining increasing attention. In this manner valorization of sewage sludge constitutes a critical importance due to generation in high quantities, difficulties in disposal and associating environmental impacts. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a relatively recent, however acclaimed method for sewage sludge management and valorization due to process compliance with sludge characteristics. In this review, research studies are evaluated under the categorization of application fields of sludge derived HTC products such as solid fuel production, gas production, soil remediation, nutrient recovery, water treatment and energy storage. Research findings are compiled and a network mapping is employed for the visualization of the current situation and correlation in respective fields. The potential of HTC for sewage sludge valorization and future projections concerning available techniques are assessed within the context of circular economy.
Rapid detection method of Skeletonema pseudocostatum and preparation of test strip
Authors: Li Haoran , Meng Kun , Yu Qiaojie , Chen Changping , Chen Jingfeng , Li Jingli , Wang Xinyi , Wang Yingzi , Li Mingyang , Chen Chuang , Zhou Kefu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In eutrophic waters, harmful algal blooms(HAB) are particularly prone to occur, which will affect the ecological environment and public health and safety. How to quickly detect and monitor marine microalgae is the key to preventing and managing HAB. Our innovative application of colloidal gold immunochromatography(GICG) technology to detect the dominant species in red tide, Skeletonema pseudocostatum, to monitor the outbreak of red tide. The experimental results show that the method and the prepared test strips are extremely sensitive, and can specifically detect the presence of Skeletonema pseudocostatum. The approximate concentration of algae cells is judged by establishing a fitting relationship between the degree of color development and the concentration of algae cells. This test strip provides a quick and easy method for routine environmental monitoring, fishery water quality monitoring, and field testing of red tide monitoring. It effectively warns of the outbreak of red tides and also provides a new application direction for GICG technology.
Influence of vegetation cover change on the decadal trend of summer seasonal air temperature in the Pannonian Basin
Authors: Ruman Albert , Ruman Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The influence of land surface vegetation on the atmosphere processes in the planetary boundary layer is of great importance for the study of weather and climatic conditions in the Earth’s climate system. Vegetation, as an integral part of the Earth’s climate system, has a great influence on the exchange of energy between land and the atmosphere and, consequently, a significant role in defining weather and climate patterns at the global, regional and local scales. However, due to the constant anthropogenic impact, this vegetation system is continuously changing mostly due to deforestation, afforestation, and forest fires which make it difficult to present them during the research of the Earth’s climate system. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the regional vegetation change on the seasonal surface air temperature and was performed using the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model. The region of our research is located in the Pannonian Basin and is one of many regions in which the anthropogenic impact on geophysical changes in the environment is considerable. The study was carried out over a ten-year period, from 2002 to 2011, during which we showed that the change in the presence percentage between certain types of vegetation leads to warming up as well as cooling down of air during the summer season. We have also shown to what extent this change in vegetation has an impact on the surface air temperature trend as well as on the change in the albedo and flux of sensible heat.
Birth Companions, Health workers perspective: Mixed Method Study in St. Paul’s Hospital and Millennium Medical College and its Catchment Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gizachew Kidist , Getinet Tewodros , Bekele Delayehu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Birth companions have been shown to improve quality of care provided to laboring women. Various studies have shown the benefits of companion during child birth. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care providers towards the involvement of birth companions during child birth in St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and its selected catchment health centers. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study which was supplemented by qualitative study design which employed phenomenological design was conducted using in depth interview of health care providers who were on practice during the study period in SPHMMC. Result: The study included a total 58 health care providers. The finding from the study showed that great proportion of health care providers involved in the study (90 %) have positive attitude towards involvement of birth companions but majority 82.4 % didn’t allow birth companions. The commonest reasons mentioned for not involving companions include fear of breach of privacy, interference with routine medical care and risk of litigation/complaints.Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings from this study showed that majority of the health care providers are against the practice of involving birth companions. Since involvement of birth companions is one way to ensure the quality of care provided there should be an effort to increase the knowledge of health professionals on benefits of birth companions. There is also a need for improvement of the work setup. Simple measures like providing screens, providing separate rooms for laboring and post-partum women will have a significant impact on the quality of care provided.
Comparison of the effects of C-KIT, MMP-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2 and metallothionein expression on prognostic factors in skin and non-skin malignant melanomas
Authors: Eriten Berna , Göze Fahrettin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed the relationship between with selected prognostic factors of MM, 1) C-KIT (CD117), which related to MM pathogenesis, 2) Ki-67, which is the determinant of cell kinetics, 3) MMP-2, which degradation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix required for cell migration, invasion and metastasis in melanogenesis, 4) bcl-2, which reduces the apoptotic response to cytotoxic chemotherapy and 5) MT’s whose overexpression shows resistance to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy and thus poor prognosis.Material and Methods: In this study, 30 skin and 15 non-skin MMM cases diagnosed between January 01, 2000 and June 01, 2011 in SCU-TF Medical Pathology Department were examined. C-Kit, MMP-2, Ki-67, bcl-2 and MT markers were applied to these cases.Results: When comparing the skin and non-skin groups, the difference between Ki-67 and MMP-2 expressions was found to be statistically significant, but no significant difference was found in staining with c-Kit, MT and bcl-2. It was thought that high MMP-2, C-KIT, bcl-2 expressions and high Ki-67 index as well as loss of MT expression might be associated with poor prognosis. Despite the high level of KIT immunostaining in melanomas, this parameter does not appear to be a good predictor of the presence of molecular mutations. Mutations that activate KIT should be considered a rare event in this tumor.
Age of Information Minimization of Multichannel Allocation Mechanism for Hybrid Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting under Collusion Constraint
Authors: Karaca Hakan Murat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with energy harvesting has been a promising solution for wireless industrial networks and seems a promising solution for the spectrum scarcity problem.
However, it is critical the wireless spectrum should carefully be managed in order to fullfill the tight
requirements on the trustworthy and minimum delayed delivery of information. Motivated by this, in order to represent the freshness of the information, this paper takes into account the metric of age of information (AoI) and multi-channel allocation problem in hybrid cognitive radio networks where secondary transmitters (STs) are able to harvest energy is investigated to maximize allocation performance while minimizing average AOI values. A novel mechanism has been proposed to restrict average AoI values while distributing channels to STs by handling both collusion and energy constraints. STs are prioritized based on a proposed metric and they are able to obtain channels only if the resulting AoI value satisfy proposed conditions. AoI values are computed based on co-channel interference between STs and minimized by decreasing interference levels. For comparison, two algorithms were considered: a greedy mechanism for m-channel allocation of hybrid CRNs with harvesting, but without AOI control and the proposed m-channel allocation schemes based on sorting STs according to the proposed metric and controlling AOI levels based on co-channel interference. The simulations depict that performance of the proposed m-channel allocation method outweighs the greedy algorithm in terms of both AoI minimization and maximization of channel allocation performance, proving the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Improved Properties of PTFE Composites Filled with Glass Fiber Modified by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Li Qiuying , Liu Pengying , Mahmood Kashif , Zhang Ning , Che Yanchao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the silicon source, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was the organic precursor to modify the surface of glass fiber (GF) through the sol-gel method. The modified GF noted T-GF was filled in PTFE to prepare PTFE/T-GF composites. SEM, FTIR, XPS, and contact angle confirmed that organic-inorganic hybrids were successfully loaded on GF's surface. Compared with PTFE/GF and the conventional coupling agent modified GF filled PTFE composites, the properties of PTFE/T-GF composites, including dielectric properties, mechanical properties, moisture absorption, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), enhanced significantly for the improvement of compatibility of PTFE and GF. Moreover, the PTFE/T-GF exhibited improved dielectric constant (2.305), decreased dielectric loss (9.08E-4), higher bending strength (21.45 MPa) and bending modulus (522 MPa), better thermal conductivity (0.268 W/m*K) and lower CTE (70 ppm/℃), making it has promising application as the substrate materials for printed circuit board.
Estimation of Runoff under changed climatic scenario of a Meso Scale River by Neural Network Based Gridded Model Approach
Authors: Das Debajit , Chakraborty Tilottama , Majumder Mrinmoy , Bandyopadhyay Tarun Kanti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As climate change is linked with changes in precipitation, evapotranspiration and changes in other climatological parameters, these changes will be affected runoff of a river basin. Gomati River basin is the largest river basin among all the river basin of Tripura. Due to the increase in settlement in the Gomati river basin and climate change may threaten natural flow patterns that endure its diversity. This study assesses the impact of climate change on total flow of a catchment in North East India (Gomati River catchment). For this assessment, the Group Method of Data Handling Modeling System (GMDH) model was used to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationship of the catchment, with respect to the observed data during the period of 2008–2009. The statistically downscaled outputs of HadGEM2-ES (Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2), general circulation models (GCMs) scenario was used to assess the impacts of climate change on the Gomati River Basin. Future projections were developed for the 2030s, 2040s and 2050s projections, respectively. The results from the present study can contribute to the development of adaptive strategies and future policies for the sustainable management of water resources in North East, Tripura.
An Item Analysis according to the Rasch Model of the German 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)
Authors: Vaganian Lusine , Bussmann Sonja , Boecker Maren , Kusch Michael , Labouvie Hildegard , Gerlach Alexander L. , Cwik Jan C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) assesses disability in individuals irrespective of their health condition. Previous studies validated the usefulness of the WHODAS 2.0 using classical test theory (CTT). This study is the first investigating the psychometric properties of the 12-items WHODAS 2.0 in patients with cancer using item response theory (IRT), i.e., item analysis according to the Rasch model. Methods: In total, 350 cancer patients participated in the study. Rasch analysis of the 12-items version of the WHODAS 2.0 included testing unidimensionality, local independence, and testing for differential item functioning (DIF) with regard to age, gender, type of cancer, presence of metastases, psycho-oncological support, and duration of disease. Results: After accounting for local dependence, which was mainly found across items of the same WHODAS-domain, satisfactory overall fit to the Rasch model was established (χ2 = 36.14, p = 0.07) with good reliability (PSI = 0.82) and unidimensionality of the scale. DIF was found for gender (testlet ‘Life activities’) and age (testlet ‘Getting around/Self-care’), but the size of DIF was not substantial. Conclusion: Overall, the analysis results according to the Rasch model support the use of the WHODAS 2.0 12-item version as a measure of disability in cancer patients.
Modified Flapless and Sutureless Technique of Scleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens in the Management of Dislocation of Crystalline Lens Following Closed Globe Injury
Authors: Kannan Naresh Babu , Sen Sagnik , Khare Gauri , Ramachandran Obuli , Ramasamy Kim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes of management of subluxation of lens following closed globe injury with a modified technique of scleral fixation of intraocular lens (SFIOL).
Methods

This prospective longitudinal study evaluated eyes with subluxation of crystalline lens which underwent combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), lensectomy (PPL) along with a sutureless and flapless technique of SFIOL implantation. We documented clinico-demographic data of all eyes at baseline and final anatomical and visual outcomes at 6 months after the surgery.
Results

We evaluated 113 eyes of 113 subjects with a mean age of 51.5 +- 15.7 years. 48.7% of eyes had a partial subluxation of lens from patellar fossa, while 51.3% of eyes had complete subluxation. After 6 months, the baseline visual acuity of 1.40 +- 0.66 logMAR (Snellen equivalent = 6/180) increased to 0.23 +- 0.27 (Snellen equivalent = 6/9) (p < 0.001). Eyes having VA < 6/36 reduced from 79.6% at baseline to 4.4% at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Eyes having VA > = 6/12 increased from 8.8–85.8% (p < 0.001). The proportion of eyes having raised intraocular pressure reduced from 20.4–1.8% at final follow-up (p < 0.001). The most common cause of subnormal visual gain was macular degeneration secondary to commotio retinae.
Conclusion

Subluxation of lens is a common entity faced by ophthalmologists across the world. Lensectomy with PPV and SFIOL is an effective method of refractive rehabilitation for subluxation eyes following closed globe injury. Visual prognosis may still depend upon the initial insult on the retina.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Select Medicines Collected from Private Drug Outlets of Dhaka City, Bangladesh in a Simple Random Survey
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Sofiqur , Yoshida Naoko , Tsuboi Hirohito , Karmoker James Regun , Kabir Nadia , Schaefermann Simon , Akimoto Yoshio , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Reza Md. Selim , Kimura Kazuko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Comprehensive data are needed to prevent substandard and falsified (SF) medicines as they pose a major risk to human health. To assess the quality of select medicines, samples were collected from random private drug outlets of Dhaka North and South City Corporation, Bangladesh. Sample analysis included visual observation of the packaging, authenticity of the samples, legitimacy and registration verification of the manufacturer, physicochemical analysis, and price. Chemical analysis of the samples was performed using a portable Raman spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography according to the pharmacopoeia. Several discrepancies were noted in the visual observation of samples. Among the 189 collected samples of esomeprazole (ESM), cefixime (CFIX), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (CVA-AMPC), 21.2% were confirmed to be authentic, 91.3% manufacturers were confirmed legitimate, and 2.1% of all samples were unregistered. Chemical analysis of the samples revealed that 9.5% (95% CI, 0.057–0.146) of samples were SFs. Falsified samples and quality variation in the same generic branded samples were both detected by Raman spectroscopic analysis. Overall, sample prices were satisfactory relative to the international reference price. Despite the relatively smaller proportions of SFs, this study documents the availability of poor-quality medicines, demonstrating the need for immediate attention by the national medicine regulatory authority.
WITHDRAWN: The epigenetic study of Fgfr2 as a potential biomarker in the differential diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer
Authors: Aleyasin Seyed Ahmad , Moradi Arash , Abolhasani Naeimeh , Abdollahi Mahvash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Epigenetic alterations represent the potential role in the pathological process of cancer development. Epigenetic modulators affect some key gene methylation that can be applied as cancer biomarkers. Gastric cancer is faced with some limitations in diagnosis and differential diagnosis with intestinal metaplasia (IM). Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is generally considered a precancerous lesion in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer cascade that is a major health burden worldwide. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is a receptor tyrosine kinase in which aberrant expression has a direct connection to GC. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of FGFR2 methylation in the whole blood specimens obtained from patients with GC and IM and normal individual controls to examine the possible implication of epigenetic biomarker for differential diagnosis GC from IM.Material and Methods Appropriate epigenetic control regions in FGFR2 CpGs Island were specified by bioinformatic and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) enrichment analysis. The methylation aberration of FGFR2 selected CPG region was determined using MSRE-PCR and Real-time PCR on DNA extracted from blood samples of 125 participants, including 30 IM cases, 60 GC cases, and 35 normal controls individuals. Results A significant FGFR2 hypomethylation has been obtained in IM (p = 0.01) and GC (p < 0.001) versus the normal control samples. ROC statistical analysis revealed sensitivity (96.67 %) and specificity (100 %) for FGFR2 as DNA epigenetic biomarker diagnostic of gastric cancer test with p < 0.001. These results suggest that the change in the methylation of FGFR2 (AUC = 0.97) is a promising epi-biomarker. Conclusions This study is the first study to show that blood-based biomarkers FGFR2 gene may be a powerful epigenetic biomarker for diagnosing GC and IM and providing insights into gastric cancer pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Dynamic effects of Sudanese low pressure on moisture feeding in Iran
Authors: sayad vahideh , hejazizadeh zahra , alijani bohloul , saligheh mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
• The Sudanese low pressure systems is one of the thermal low pressures that are formed around the Red Sea and their low-pressure lines cover the south of the Red Sea, Sudan, and Ethiopia and continue their route through the southwest of Iran and cause heavy rainfall. The common feature of all these rain systems is land surface low pressures or low altitudes of higher levels. For dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the mechanism of precipitation caused by the Sudanese low-pressure system, the climate maps containing data of u wind, v wind, omega, Shum, slp, monthly average of northward surface stress, daily mean precipitation rate, and temperature from 1988–2020 during the cold season of the year were applied. The results show that the Sudanese low-pressure core has the largest extent in 1999, 2006, and 2011. During this period, from the Sudanese region to the upper latitudes of Iran, the element of northward surface stress had good potential. The study showed that jet streams create rivers that originate in Africa and are reinforced by Sudanese low pressure and transfer moisture to the upper atmosphere of Iran. Between the positive and negative omega contours of about 600 hPa, the horizontal moisture transfer mechanism for Iran's rainfall is created by atmospheric rivers reinforced by Sudan's moisture core. High-temperature gradients in isothermal lines in the range of 550–850 hPa also occurred on the same day. Finally, the precipitation map shows a relatively good rainfall by atmospheric river above Iran.
Conditioned medium from healthy women's endometrial stem cells improve inflammatory and stemness- expression genes in endometriosis women
Authors: Sahraei Seyedeh Saeideh , Kowsari Ali , asl Faezeh Davoodi , Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Naserpoor Leila , Sheikholeslami Azar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Endometriosis is a common, benign gynecological disease which is determined as an overspreading of endometrial tissue in exterior region of the uterine cavity. Evidence suggests that retrograde menstrual blood which contains mesenchymal stem cells with differential gene expression compared to healthy women may play a role in endometriosis creation. We aimed to identify whether the conditioned medium from Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) of healthy women can affect the expression level of inflammatory and stemness genes of MenSCs from endometriosis women. Methods and Results. Endometriosis derived MenSCs (E-MenSCs) were treated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from healthy women’s MenSCs (NE-MenSCs). Some CD markers were analyzed by flow cytometer before and after treatment compared with NE-MenSCs, and the expression level of inflammatory and stemness genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results. E-MenSCs show different morphology in vitro culture in comparison with NE-MenSCs, which were changed in the presence of CM, into a morphology more similar to normal cells and showed significant decrease expression of CD10 after CM treatment. In our results, the IL-1, COX-2, and HIF-1\(\alpha\) as an inflamaturay genes and OCT-4, NANOG, and SOX2 as a stemness genes showed significantly different expression level in E-MenSCs after treating with CM. Conclusions. Our study indicates that the expression level of some inflammatory- and stemness-related genes which have differential expression in E-MenSCs compared with NE-MenSCs, could be changed to normal status by using CM derived from NE-MenSCs.