bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study on the effects of low intensity focused ultrasound in a swine model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Hellman Abigail , Maietta Teresa , Clum Alicia , Byraju Kanakaharini , Raviv Nataly , Staudt Michael D. , Jeannotte Erin , Ghoshal Goutam , Shin Damian , Neubauer Paul , Williams Emery , Heffter Tamas , Burdette Clif , Qian Jiang , Nalwalk Julia , Pilitsis Julie G. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors’ laboratory has previously demonstrated beneficial effects of noninvasive low intensity focused ultrasound (liFUS), targeted at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), for reducing allodynia in rodent neuropathic pain models. However, in rats the DRG is 5 mm below the skin when approached laterally, while in humans the DRG is typically 5–8 cm deep. Here, using a modified liFUS probe, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of using external liFUS for modulation of antinociceptive responses in neuropathic swine.

METHODS
Two cohorts of swine underwent a common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) to induce neuropathic pain. In the first cohort, pigs (14 kg) were iteratively tested to determine treatment parameters. liFUS penetration to the L5 DRG was verified by using a thermocouple to monitor tissue temperature changes and by measuring nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the corresponding common peroneal nerve (CPN). Pain behaviors were monitored before and after treatment. DRG was evaluated for tissue damage postmortem. Based on data from the first cohort, a treatment algorithm was developed, parameter predictions were verified, and neuropathic pain was significantly modified in a second cohort of larger swine (20 kg).

RESULTS
The authors performed a dose-response curve analysis in 14-kg CPNI swine. Specifically, after confirming that the liFUS probe could reach 5 cm in ex vivo tissue experiments, the authors tested liFUS in 14-kg CPNI swine. The mean ± SEM DRG depth was 3.79 ± 0.09 cm in this initial cohort. The parameters were determined and then extrapolated to larger animals (20 kg), and predictions were verified. Tissue temperature elevations at the treatment site did not exceed 2°C, and the expected increases in the CPN NCV were observed. liFUS treatment eliminated pain guarding in all animals for the duration of follow-up (up to 1 month) and improved allodynia for 5 days postprocedure. No evidence of histological damage was seen using Fluoro-Jade and H&E staining.

CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate that a 5-cm depth can be reached with external liFUS and alters pain behavior and allodynia in a large-animal model of neuropathic pain.
ANALISIS INTENSITAS RADIASI MEDAN MAGNET MATAHARI
Authors: Sudarti Sudarti , Laili Sherly Nur 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKMedan magnet ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) merupakan spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik yang frekuensinya 0-300 Hz. Matahari sumber kehidupan yang memancarkan energinya ke bumi dalam bentuk radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan intensitas radiasi medan magnet alamiah matahari didalam ruangan dan diluar ruangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Pengukuran intensitas radiasi medan magnet oleh matahari menggunakan alat Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Meter dan thermometer. Penelitian dilakukan mulai pukul 06.00 – 15.00 WIB dimana semakin siang temperatur medan magnet dan radiasi matahari semakin meningkat, kemudian suhu dan intensitas menurun seiring dengan terbenamnya matahari. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan menggunakan SPSS dengan metode interpretasi data. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan data diluar ruangan memiliki hasil lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan data hasil penelitian di dalam ruangan yakni rerata suhu didalam ruangan 29,5˚C, 31˚C, 32,36˚C,dan 31,7˚C sedangkan diluar ruangan 30,9˚C, 32,9˚C, 33,4˚C, 32˚C. Rerata medan magnet didalam ruangan sebesar 0,044, 0,224, 0,262, dan 0,326, sedangkan diluar ruangan sebesar 0,098, 0,324, 0,418, dan 0,398. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas radiasi matahari mengakibatkan temperatur bumi, dan medan magnet semakin tinggi. Kata kunci: intensitas;matahari; medan magnet;radiasi. ABSTRACTElf magnetic field (Extremely Low Frequency) is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is 0-300 Hz. Sun is a source of life that emits its energy to earth in the form of electromagnetic wave radiation. This study aims to compare the radiation intensity of natural magnetic fields by the sun indoors and outdoors. The type of research used is experimental research. Measurement of magnetic field radiation intensity by the sun using EMF Meter and thermometer. The research was conducted from 06.00 – 15.00 WIB where the more daylight the temperature of the magnetic field and solar radiation increases, then the temperature and intensity decreases with the sunset. Data analysis techniques used using SPSS with data interpretation methods. The results showed that outdoor data had higher results compared to the data of indoor research results, namely the average indoor temperature of 29.5°C, 31°C, 32.36°C, and 31.7°C while outdoors 30.9°C, 32.9°C, 33.4°C, 32°C. The average indoor magnetic field is 0.044, 0.224, 0.262, and 0.326, while outdoors is 0.098, 0.324, 0.418, and 0.398. Research data shows that the higher the intensity of solar radiation results in the Earth's temperature, and the magnetic field gets higher. Keywords: intensity;sun; magnetic field;radiation.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH FLUIDA DINAMIS DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT ORIENTED
Authors: Ayub Syahrial , Afifah Gusti , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Hikmawati Hikmawati 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKMengajar berpikir kritis kepada peserta didik di sekolah menengah telah menjadi perhatian dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Pembelajaran menggunakan model student oriented diharapkan mampu menggerakkan peserta didik berpikir kritis dan selanjutnya melakukan investigasi dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam pemecahan masalah fluida dinamis dengan model pembelajaran student oriented. Tujuan ini akan dicapai dengan melakukan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-postest. Penelitian melibatkan 17 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 8 di SMA Negeri 2 Mataram yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Kemampuan berpikir kritis diukur menggunakan 10 instrumen tes yang berbentuk essay. Instrumen tes yang digunakan telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnnya. Data kemampuan berpikir kritis dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran student oriented pada pemecahan masalah fluida dinamis pada peserta didik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajarnya. Kata kunci : kemampuan berpikir kritis; model pembelajaran student oriented ABSTRACTTeaching critical thinking to secondary school has been a concern in the last few decades. Learning using the student-oriented model is expected to be able to move students to think critically and then carry out investigations in learning.The experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. This research involving 17 students of class XI MIPA 8 at SMA Negeri 2 Mataram as a research sample. Critical thinking ability were measured using 10 essay test items. The test instrument used has been tested for validity and reliability. The data of critical thinking ability were analyzed descriptively and statistically. The results showed that the application of the student-oriented learning model to solving dynamic fluid problems in students was able to improve their critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. Keywords: critical thinking ability; student oriented learning model
Public sector reform in emerging economies: Does privatisation matter?
Authors: Abdeldayem Marwan Mohamed , Al Dulaimi Saeed Hameed 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Privatisation policies have aroused enormous interest in both developed and developing countries. Previous research findings reveal that privately owned companies are more efficient and profitable than comparable state owned enterprises (SOEs). Moreover, it has been argued that these reforms would be even more effective if accompanied by privatisation. As a result, privatisation that aims to enhance the performance of SOEs has been regarded as one of the key features of emerging economies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the benefits of privatisation have been achieved in emerging economies. In particular, the study assesses the developmental changes and improvements in the performance of privatised companies in Egypt as an emerging economy. METHODS: This study was carried out in three stages. First, it was felt necessary to obtain a broad overview of the effect of the Egyptian privatisation programme on the performance of the privatised companies by analyzing secondary data of privatized companies. Second, in an attempt to obtain a more precise understanding of the impact of privatisation, an online questionnaire survey was distributed to the finance managers of 56 privatised companies during the period September 2020 to January 2021. Third, a series of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with senior managers in 8 different privatised companies. The purpose of these interviews was to supplement and amplify the themes and issues that had arisen from stages I and II of the research. RESULTS: The findings reveal that privatisation improved the process of accountability within the company and efficiency gains is the most important advantage of privatisation. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that privatisation leads to more difficulty in safeguarding the interests of the weaker groups in society.
An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Naro Antonino , Pignolo Loris , Lucca Lucia Francesca , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore 
Published: May 2021

Background: The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard. Objective: In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC. Methods: We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street. Results: CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning. Conclusions: Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.
Study on the effect of different blood flow velocities of pulmonary vein on endocardial microwave ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Cheng Yanyan , Liu Hongxing , Nan Qun 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To cure atrial fibrillation, the maximum ablation depth (⩾ 50∘C) should exceed the myocardial thickness to achieve the effect of transmural ablation. The blood flow of pulmonary vein in the endocardium can cause the change in the myocardial temperature distribution. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of different pulmonary vein blood flow velocities on the endocardial microwave ablation. METHODS: The finite element model of the endocardial microwave ablation of pulmonary vein was simulated by electromagnetic thermal flow coupling. The ablation power was 30 W and the ablation time was within 30 s. The blood flow in the coupling of fluid mechanics equation and heat transfer equation results in the heat damage. Furthermore, the cause of the different lesion dimensions is the blood flow velocity. The flow velocities were set as 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m/s. RESULTS: When the flow velocities were 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 m/s, the maximum ablation depth were 6.00, 5.56, 5.16, 5.12, 5.04, 5.01, 4.98, 4.96 and 4.94 mm, respectively; the maximum ablation width were 12.53, 9.63, 9.23, 9.16, 9.07, 9.05, 8.94, 8.91 and 8.90 mm, respectively; the maximum ablation length were 12.00, 11.61, 8.98, 8.59, 8.37, 8.23, 8.16, 8.06 and 8.04 mm respectively. To achieve transmural ablation, the time was 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4 s, respectively when the myocardial thickness was 2 mm; the time was 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 s, respectively when 3 mm; the time was 15, 16, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20 s, respectively when 4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: When the velocity increases from 0 m/s to 0.3 m/s, the microwave lesion depth decreases by 1.06 mm. To achieve transmural ablation, when the myocardial thickness is 2 mm, 3 and 4 s should be taken when the velocity is 0–0.12 and 0.12–0.30 m/s, respectively; when the myocardial thickness is 3 mm, 7, 8 and 9 s should be taken when 0, 0–0.07 and 0.07–0.30 m/s respectively; when the myocardial thickness is 4 mm, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 s should be taken when 0, 0–0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.12, 0.12 m/s–0.30 m/s.
Pulsed X-ray source with the pulse duration of 50 ns and the peak power of 70 MW for capturing moving objects
Authors: Komarskiy Alexander Alexandrovich , Korzhenevskiy Sergey Romanovich , Ponomarev Andrey Viktorovich , Komarov Nikita Alexandrovich 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, X-ray systems for capturing moving objects consist of a continuous X-ray source and a detector that operates at a predetermined frame rate. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the possibility of using pulsed X-ray source with an inductive energy storage device and a semiconductor opening switch for shooting moving objects. METHODS: The study uses a high-voltage pulse generator that has the following parameters namely, the pulse voltage amplitude up to 320 kV, the pulse current up to 240 A, the current pulse duration of about 50 ns, and the pulse repetition rate up to 2 kHz. The duration and intensity of glow for standard CsI:Tl and Gd2O2S:Tb X-ray phosphors after their irradiation with X-ray flashes of about 50 ns duration are investigated. After X-ray radiation is converted into light, the signal is recorded using semiconductor detectors. We acquired several images of an object moving at a speed of about 20 m/s. A semiconductor detector with phosphor, which operates in the mode of continuous signal accumulation, is used. RESULTS: When using the pulsed X-ray source and phosphors with a short afterglow, the individual frames can be obtained at the pulse repetition rate of several kilohertz, and the detector does not contain the residual luminescence from the previous frame by the arrival of the next frame. CONCLUSIONS: The X-ray source shows good pulse-to-pulse reproducibility of X-rays, and can be used to capture objects in motion at a frame rate of several kHz.
Validation of technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid
Authors: Ярних Т. Г. , Мельник Г. М. , Рухмакова О. А. 
Published: May 2021

To date, in the mass production of medicines both in pharmaceutical companies and in pharmacies, more and more attention is paid to the practice of process validation. Validation is a key condition for the implementation of Good Manufacturing (GMP) and Pharmacy (GPP) practices, the standards of which are mandatory for medicines worldwide and in Ukraine.
The aim of the work – validation of the technological process of preparation extemporaneous hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid in order to obtain documentary evidence of effective reproduction of the preparation of this medicine.
The study design is based on research on the development of dosage form technology, analysis of the impact of critical manufacturing points and evaluation of their impact on the final quality of the cream, taking into account the requirements of GPP. The object of validation is the technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid. The validation procedure was performed on 3 experimental batches of the medicine.
In order to check and optimize the selected technological process of preparation hymoding cream in pharmacies, its validation was carried out. According to the calculated quantities of the components of the studied cream, as well as the identified critical parameters, three batches of the medicine of 100.00 g were developed. On the series of cream, the optimization of technological parameters, testing of critical parameters for all planned stages of production with the definition of eligibility criteria and validation scheme was carried out. Acceptance criteria for all critical parameters were determined during the optimization of technology on batches of the studied medicine. The general risk assessment was carried out at the stage of pharmaceutical development according to the procedure «identification – analysis – risk assessment» to determine the scheme of validation work on batches of the medicine. During the technological process, critical indicators were checked and appropriate forms were filled out.
A study on the validation of the technological process of preparation hymoding cream with hyaluronic acid in pharmacies was performed. Documentary evidence of effective reproduction of the manufacture of this medicine has been obtained. A comprehensive analysis of the developed manufacturing process makes it possible to identify critical control points that minimize the occurrence of possible risks in the manufacture of the investigated medicine. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the developed cream with hyaluronic acid meets the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine in all quality indicators, which allows to recommend it for use in dermatology.
Development of the composition and technology of the curative preventive toothpaste with antimicrobial and deodorating properties
Authors: Гудзь Н. І. , Власенко І. О. 
Published: May 2021

The significant prevalence of diseases of the oral cavity predetermine the relevance of preventive means aimed at maintaining the dental health of the population. The application of toothpastes and elixirs with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and deodorant properties improves the condition of the oral cavity, and is also one of the means for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis.
The aim of the work was to develop the composition and laboratory technology of curative and prophylactic toothpaste and to study the indicators of its quality.
Research materials: carbopol, xanthan gum, propolis tincture, bee bread tincture, thyme essential oil, xylitol, sorbitol, and a sample of toothpaste. Pharmacological-technical methods, potentiometric and alkalimetric study methods were used.
In order to develop the composition of a toothpaste, requirements of the current regulatory documents for the composition and characteristics of toothpastes were analyzed. The composition and quantity of components for the curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been theoretically substantiated. Carbopol and xanthan gum were used as gelling agents. Calcium carbonate was chosen as the abrasive basis of the toothpaste, which helps to remove plaque from the tooth enamel. Such polyhydric alcohols as sorbitol, glycerin, xylitol and propylene glycol were used as plasticizers. Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and radioprotective properties of propolis tincture and bee bread tincture, they were incorporated in the toothpaste composition. The technology of laboratory batches of toothpaste was based on the general principles of obtaining suspension gels and pastes. The quality of the toothpastes was controlled for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents.
The theoretical and experimental justification of the composition of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste of antimicrobial actvity with a deodorant effect. This paste contained carbopol, xanthan gum, calcium carbonate, xylitol, tinctures of bee products (propolis and bee bread) and thyme essential oil. On the basis of pharmacological-technical research, a rational technology of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste has been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been established and its classification characteristics have been determined.
PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT MEDIAN STERNOTOMY-A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Bakash M. Shaffi , Sankarganesh A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: One third of post patients experience moderate to severe chronic nonanginal postoperative pain (CPOP) and its management remains a challenge despite modern pharmaceutical preparations and new invasive and non-invasive pain –allaying techniques. Physiotherapy plays a major role in cardio-thoracic rehabilitation from the pre-operative period to postoperative period. Cardiac Rehabilitation is a medically supervised program that helps to improve the health and social well-being of people.
Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in patients who underwent cardio-thoracic surgery. PROCEDURE: Study design was non-experimental and study type was observational. 53 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected conveniently for the study after obtaining informed consent. Nordic questionnaire is used as an outcome measure to identify the pain in post-operative patients.
Results: Highest pain was reported in upper back (94.3)% region followed by shoulder (37.7)%lower back (26.4)% and neck (24.5)%, region when patients were assessed on 7th post-operative day by using Nordic questionnaire.
Conclusion: This study concludes that there was a prevalence of upper back pain when compare to other regions and has showed the least prevalence of pain in elbow, wrist and hand.
Keywords: Median sternotomy patients, Musculoskeletal pain, Nordic questionnaire.