bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Sectional Imaging Useful in Melorheostosis
Authors: Hurley‐Novatny Amelia , Karantanas Apostolos H , Papadakis Georgios Z , Bhattacharyya Timothy , Jha Smita 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMelorheostosis is a rare disease of bone overgrowth that is primarily diagnosed based on imaging studies. Recently, the association of different radiological patterns of the disease with distinct genetic cause was reported. Several case reports have described the radiological findings in patients with melorheostosis. However, the added value of cross‐sectional imaging with CT and MRI beyond X‐rays has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate this existing gap in knowledge. Forty patients with melorheostosis seen at the National Institute of Health Clinical Center were included in the study, and all their imaging studies were analyzed. The sequence of interpretation was X‐ray followed by CT and then MRI. CT images were extracted from whole‐body 18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/CT studies. The information from CT reclassified the initial X‐rays based radiological pattern in 13 patients. Additionally, CT comprehensively identified joint involvement and disease extent. In 76% of patients (n = 29) who underwent MRI, additional findings were noted, ranging from soft tissue edema to identification of soft tissue masses and incidental findings. MRI did not provide additional information on skeletal lesions beyond CT scans. However, it revealed the extension of soft tissue ossification into ischiofemoral space in four patients who complained of deep gluteal pain consistent with ischiofemoral impingement syndrome. In addition, MRI revealed soft tissue edema in 20 patients, 9 of whom had bone marrow edema and periosteal edema in the tibias consistent with shin splints. These findings suggest that select patients with melorheostosis should be evaluated with both CT and MRI, particularly patients in whom the distribution of pain does not correlate with the anatomic location of the disease in plain radiographs. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
High Cardiovascular Risk in Older Men with Poor Bone Microarchitecture—The Prospective STRAMBO Study
Authors: Szulc Pawel , Foesser Dominique , Chapurlat Roland 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Data on the association between bone microarchitecture and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men are scarce. We studied the link of bone microarchitecture and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) with the risk of major adverse coronary event (MACE) in a cohort of men aged 60 to 87 years followed prospectively for 8 years. At baseline, aBMD was measured using a Hologic Discovery-A device. Bone microarchitecture was assessed at distal radius and tibia by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (XtremeCT Scanco device). During the study, 53 men had incident MACE. The analyses were adjusted for confounders related to bone and CVD. In 813 men (53 MACEs), higher aBMD at the lumbar spine, hip, whole body, and radius was associated with lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44–0.71/SD, p &lt; .025 to &lt; .001). In 745 men having valid distal radius scan (47 MACEs), higher cortical density (Ct.BMD) and higher cortical thickness (Ct.Thd) were associated with lower risk of MACE. This risk was higher in men in the lowest quintile of cortical measures versus the four upper quintiles combined (Ct.BMD: HR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–4.17, p &lt; .025). Findings were similar in 779 men having valid distal tibia scan (48 MACEs). At both sites, higher estimated stiffness and higher failure load were associated with a lower risk of MACE. The risk of MACE was higher in men in the lowest quintile of the measures of bone strength versus four upper quintiles jointly (distal radius stiffness: HR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.27–4.74, p &lt; .01). Similar results were obtained in 638 men without prior fragility fracture and in 689 men without ischemic heart disease at baseline. Thus, in older men followed prospectively for 8 years, higher aBMD, preserved cortical bone status, and higher estimated bone strength were associated with lower risk of MACE after adjustment for relevant confounders. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Whole body‐diffusion weighted imaging for the assessment of treatment response in hairy cell leukaemia: A positive first step
Authors: Algudkar Ashwin , El‐Sharkawi Dima , Cross Matthew , Tunariu Nina , Attygalle Ayoma D , Sharma Bhupinder 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the case of a patient diagnosed with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) who subsequently developed biopsy confirmed bone lesions and underwent multiple lines of therapy. The reported incidence of bone lesions in HCL is 3%, and bony involvement can be associated with high tumour burden and aggressive disease. The commonly lytic bone lesions in HCL are difficult to accurately assess for response. Whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB‐DWI) has been used clinically in multiple myeloma; we postulate clinical utility in HCL, where hypercellularity also applies. In our case, WB‐DWI appears to discriminate sites of active disease from bone response. We present the salient radiological and pathological images. To our knowledge, this is the first description of WB‐DWI in HCL; we support research of WB‐DWI in the staging, prognostication and response assessment of HCL.
To speak up effectively or often? The effects of voice quality and voice frequency on peers' and managers' evaluations
Authors: Brykman Kyle M. , Raver Jana L. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPrior research connecting employee voice with better career outcomes has almost exclusively focused on how frequently employees speak up. In the current research, we shift the focus to voice quality—recipients' perceptions of the value of an employee's voice communications, as inferred by message characteristics (i.e., rationale, feasibility, organizational‐focus, and novelty). Grounded within social exchange theory, we argue that peers and managers develop more positive evaluations (i.e., higher performance and promotion ratings) of employees who express higher‐quality voice, above and beyond how frequently they speak up, because voice quality better demonstrates employees' capability, commitment, and helpful intentions, which obligates the reciprocation of rewards. We further assert that voice frequency moderates these effects, such that high‐quality voicers are evaluated more positively, and low‐quality voicers are evaluated more negatively, as voice frequency increases. After conducting four studies through which we developed and validated a superordinate measure of voice quality, we conducted time‐lagged surveys with peers and managers to assess these hypotheses. Results fully supported our predictions for the direct benefits of voice quality on voicers' outcomes, above and beyond voice frequency; yet, the hypothesized interaction only emerged for peer‐rated outcomes.
Synergetic effect of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole on particulate matter in Guangdong, China
Authors: Mo Huisi , Liu Run , Liu Shaw Chen , Mo Jiajia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synergetic effect of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on the particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in Guangdong for October–November–December 1980–2016 has been investigated. Results indicate that, during a typical polluted episode, Guangdong is usually under the influence of a high‐pressure system behind the cold front, which is characterized by weakened southwesterly, subsidence/divergence, and stable atmospheric conditions. Persistent low values of PM2.5 are found to prevail during the years when concurrent IOD positive phase and El Niño occur. However, separate occurrence of El Niño and the positive phase of IOD had only marginal effect on PM2.5. The remarkable synergetic effect of El Niño and the positive phase of IOD is caused by a significantly strengthened ascending motion associated with anomalous southwesterly, which facilitates the transport of abundant moisture, increasing rainfall and thus suppressing PM2.5 pollution in Guangdong.
Effect of cooking temperature on cooked pasta quality and sustainability
Authors: Cimini Alessio , Cibelli Matteo , Taddei Anna R , Moresi Mauro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEveryday pasta cooking has a large environmental impact. The aims of this work were to assess the effect of cooking temperatures (TC) that were lower than the water boiling point (TBW) on the main chemico‐physical quality parameters of two pasta shapes (i.e., ziti and spaghetti) cooked at the conventional and minimum water‐to‐pasta ratios, as well as their optimum cooking time (OCT), cooking energy consumption, and carbon footprint, by using a novel eco‐sustainable pasta cooker.RESULTSOnce the effect of TC on OCT had been modeled in accordance with the Bigelow model, it was possible to estimate that the energy saved to heat the cooking water from ambient temperature to a lower temperature than TBW was smaller than the extra energy needed to complete the pasta cooking phase. After several cooking trials, the water uptake, cooking loss, textural properties, and thickness of the central nerve (as observed with a scanning electronic microscope) of cooked pasta were found to be independent of TC in the range of 85–98 °C.CONCLUSIONSBy using smaller amounts of water (~3 L kg−1) and cooking at 85 °C with the eco‐sustainable pasta cooker, the energy consumption reduced from the default value of 2.8 kWh kg−1 to ~0.45 kWh kg−1 and GHG emissions to about one sixth of those resulting from the use of the average European home appliances. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel materials as capillary coatings for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for bioanalysis
Authors: Grecco Caroline Fernandes , de Souza Israel Donizeti , Queiroz Maria Eugênia Costa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn‐tube solid‐phase microextraction with a capillary column as extraction device can be directly coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography systems (HPLC). The in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction technique has been continuously developed since it was introduced in 1997. New couplings have also been evaluated on the basis of state‐of‐the‐art HPLC instruments. Different types of capillaries (wall‐coated open tubular, porous layer open tubular, sorbent‐packed, porous monolithic rods, or fiber‐packed) with selective stationary phases (monoliths, magnetic nanoparticles, conducting polymers, restricted access materials, ionic liquids, carbon, deep eutectic solvents, and hybrid materials) have been developed to boost in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction performance (sorption capacity and selectivity). This technique has been successfully applied to analyze biological samples (serum, plasma, whole blood, hair, urine, milk, skin, and saliva) for therapeutic drug monitoring, to study biomarkers, to detect illicit drugs, to conduct metabolomics studies, and to assess exposure to drugs. This review describes current advances in in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction extraction devices and their application in bioanalysis.
Quantification of the sources of soluble organic N (SON) from new litter or indigenous soil in a typical subtropical forest
Authors: Ding Xianqing , Chang Yue , Hou Hongbo , Peng Peiqin , Xiang Wenhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDecomposition of forest litter plays a major role in nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil. However, the effect of new litter on indigenous soil N and its contribution to soil N in natural forest remains unknown. An in situ soil column experiment was conducted and 15N labelled litter was added to decompose for 14 months to examine the effect of litter retention on soil N dynamics in a typical subtropical forest. Litter removal in the soil column was used as a control. The results showed that litter removal caused a continuous decrease in concentration of soil soluble organic N (SON) in the first 5 months (August in 2018‐January in 2019), and SON concentration went up in the eighth month. Litter retention accelerated the reduction of soil SON concentration in the first 2 months, and SON concentration maintained a high value after that period. Soil NH4+‐N derived from litter was nitrified rapidly, and the newly formed NO3−‐N was quickly immobilized or lost. Only 1.8% of soil SON came from litter N and 98.2% from indigenous soil N under the decomposition of labelled litter. Litter provided N to form new soil SON continuously, however, only a small part of SON was relatively stable. Soil SON and total N (TN) are formed after long‐term litter accumulation and decomposition, and litter retention plays an important role in soil N dynamics.
Multiple feature‐based portal vein classification for liver segment extraction
Authors: Wu Chan , Fu Tianyu , Gao Yuanjin , Liu Yuhan , Fan Jingfan , Ai Danni , Song Hong , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe liver segments divided by Couinaud classification method are used to understand the functional anatomy of liver, which is significant in hepatic resection surgery. In Couinaud classification method, each third‐order branch of the portal vein (PV) defines the supplied territory of a corresponding liver segment. However, the accuracies of the reconstruction and classification of PV are affected by the complicated structure of the vein. The purpose of this paper is to develop a separation and classification method that can accurately extract the liver segments.MethodsIn this paper, a multiple feature‐based method is proposed to obtain liver segments. Because the portal and hepatic veins usually connect in the vessel segmentation result, the PV is first completely separated based on the different strategies for minimal node cut using fused features of topology and appearance. Meanwhile, all bifurcation nodes of PV are detected. The bifurcation nodes are initial ordered through their linkages to classify the branches. Then, the feature of the vascular topology is used to refine the orders of bifurcation nodes. The bifurcation nodes with the refined orders classify the branches between them, and the third‐order branches of PV are obtained. The liver segments are eventually obtained through the third‐order branches.ResultsThe separation and classification in the proposed method are evaluated on the CT and MR datasets. The average values of Dice, Jaccard, Recall, and Precision obtained by the proposed method are 93.00%, 87.90%, 93.47%, and 93.19%, respectively. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, the separation results obtained by the proposed method are more accurate. The branches of PV are classified based on the separation result. According to the third‐order branches, eight liver segments correspond to the different functional areas are precisely extracted.ConclusionsThe proposed method achieves a high accuracy for the liver segment extraction. And the extracted liver segments are significant for the preplanning of resection surgery.
SAUN: Stack attention U‐Net for left ventricle segmentation from cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sun Xiaowu , Garg Pankaj , Plein Sven , van der Geest Rob J. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeQuantification of left ventricular (LV) volume, ejection fraction and myocardial mass from multi‐slice multi‐phase cine MRI requires accurate segmentation of the LV in many images. We propose a stack attention‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for fully automatic segmentation from short‐axis cine MR images.MethodsTo extract the relevant spatiotemporal image features, we introduce two kinds of stack methods, spatial stack model and temporal stack model, combining the target image with its neighboring images as the input of a CNN. A stack attention mechanism is proposed to weigh neighboring image slices in order to extract the relevant features using the target image as a guide. Based on stack attention and standard U‐Net, a novel Stack Attention U‐Net (SAUN) is proposed and trained to perform the semantic segmentation task. A loss function combining cross‐entropy and Dice is used to train SAUN. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on an internal and a public dataset using technical metrics including Dice, Hausdorff distance (HD), and mean contour distance (MCD), as well as clinical parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial mass (LVM). In addition, the results of SAUN were compared to previously presented CNN methods, including U‐Net and SegNet.ResultsThe spatial stack attention model resulted in better segmentation results than the temporal stack model. On the internal dataset comprising of 167 post‐myocardial infarction patients and 57 healthy volunteers, our method achieved a mean Dice of 0.91, HD of 3.37 mm, and MCD of 1.08 mm. Evaluation on the publicly available ACDC dataset demonstrated good generalization performance, yielding a Dice of 0.92, HD of 9.4 mm, and MCD of 0.74 mm on end‐diastolic images, and a Dice of 0.89, HD of 7.1 mm and MCD of 1.03 mm on end‐systolic images. The Pearson correlation coefficient of LVEF and LVM between automatically and manually derived results were higher than 0.98 in both datasets.ConclusionWe developed a CNN with a stack attention mechanism to automatically segment the LV chamber and myocardium from the multi‐slice short‐axis cine MRI. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach exceeds existing state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods and verify its potential clinical applicability.
A novel exercise testing algorithm to diagnose mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Bhatia Rajeev , Cohen Bruce H. , L. McNinch Neil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionOxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measurement based on oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and minute ventilation (V˙E) and is a marker of the efficiency of oxygen utilization by the body. However, it has not been studied in mitochondrial disorders. We explored noninvasive CPET parameters, including OUES, as a way to reliably diagnose mitochondrial myopathy.MethodsWe performed cycle ergometer maximal exercise testing on definite and suspected mitochondrial myopathy subjects (MM‐D and MM‐S) and their age‐ and sex‐matched controls. OUES was corrected for body surface area (OUES/BSA) to eliminate the effect of body size.ResultsA total of 40 participants, including 20 MM‐D (n = 13; 6 males; aged 14‐64 years) and 7 MM‐S (5 males, aged 11‐30 years) subjects and 20 controls, completed the study. MM‐D subjects showed lower aerobic fitness than controls. OUES/BSA was lower in MM‐D subjects, suggesting inefficient oxygen utilization. Area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OUES/BSA (AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.80‐1.00), peak V˙O2 percent predicted (AUC, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86‐1.00), and V˙O2/work slope (AUC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85‐1.00) showed excellent ability to diagnose mitochondrial myopathy in MM‐D subjects. We applied a diagnostic approach based on the parameters just noted to MM‐S subjects and their controls and were able to support or disprove the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy.DiscussionWe proposed and applied an approach based on the aformentioned three CPET parameters to diagnose mitochondrial myopathy reliably and found it to be clinically useful.
Parcel delivery cost minimization with time window constraints using trucks and drones
Authors: Coindreau Marc‐Antoine , Gallay Olivier , Zufferey Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a model for solving a parcel delivery problem with a fleet of trucks embedded with drones. When appropriate, drones are loaded with a parcel, launched directly from the truck, and sent to a client. Afterward, the drones autonomously return to the truck to be replenished and recharged. Inspired by the case of a large European logistics provider, the proposed modeling framework confronts realistic delivery problems involving time windows, limited drone autonomy, and the eligibility of clients to be served by drones. The considered global cost function includes fixed daily vehicle fares, driver wages, and the fuel and electricity consumption to power trucks and drones. To solve the problems at hand, we propose a mixed‐integer linear programming formulation and an adaptive large neighborhood search. Moreover, we introduce an efficient modeling framework to manage the numerous synchronization constraints induced by the simultaneous use of trucks and drones. We analyze the benefits of this new transportation concept for delivery problems involving up to 100 parcels. Results show that truck‐and‐drone solutions can reduce costs up to 34% compared to traditional truck‐only delivery. From a managerial perspective, we show that a certain percentage of client locations must be reachable by drone to make truck‐and‐drone solutions competitive (i.e., if the fixed costs of the drones are compensated for by the savings on truck routes) and compare the cost structures of truck‐and‐drone versus truck‐only solutions.
Weight Loss Following Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Causally Implicated with Serum Levels of IL‐22: A Mendelian Randomization and Phenome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Abdalla Moustafa , Jones Daniel B. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveLaparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) modulates the low‐grade inflammatory state associated with severe obesity. This study sought to investigate whether weight loss is causally implicated with changes in serum levels of inflammatory molecules.MethodsUsing the largest genome‐wide association study (n = 1,020 individuals), this study curated five genetic variants associated with weight loss following RYGB. Phenome‐wide association studies (PheWAS) were performed to identify other phenotypes associated with these variants. Subsequently, two‐sample Mendelian randomization was used to study the causal effects of weight loss on the serum levels of 382 inflammatory proteins (measured in 3,033 individuals). This is the first systematic quasi‐experimental investigation of weight loss following RYGB and serum markers of inflammation.ResultsThe PheWAS analysis revealed that four of the five variants are associated with phenotypes relating to metabolism and inflammation, including insulin response and levels of C‐reactive protein. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization of the 382 serum inflammatory markers revealed that weight loss following RYGB increases serum levels of interleukin 22 (IL‐22) (beta = 0.021, P < 10−3; 95% CI: 0.010‐0.031). Sensitivity analyses further supported the results and the causal direction.ConclusionsWeight loss following RYGB may cause an increase in IL‐22 serum levels, suggesting that weight loss directly contributes to immune modulation following bypass. These results demonstrate the utility of genetic studies to disentangling molecular cause and effect following bariatric surgery.
image