bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the psychology of trust between patients and their community pharmacists
Authors: Gregory Paul A. M. , Austin Zubin 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pharmacists need patients to trust them in order to support best possible health outcomes. There has been little empirical work to test the widely stated claim that pharmacists are the “most trusted” health care professional. This study was undertaken to characterize the factors that shape public trust of individual pharmacists and the profession as a whole. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken. Semistructured interviews with 13 patients from 5 different community pharmacies were completed. Interview data were transcribed, coded and categorized to identify trust-enhancing and trust-diminishing factors influencing patients’ perceptions of pharmacists. Results: Four trust-diminishing factors were identified, including the business context within which community pharmacy is practised, lack of transparency regarding pharmacists’ remuneration, lack of awareness of how pharmacists qualify and are regulated and inconsistent previous experiences with pharmacists. Four trust-enhancing factors were identified, including accessibility, affability, acknowledgement and respect. Discussion: This study illustrates that trust-diminishing factors appear to be somewhat outside the day-to-day control of individual community pharmacists, while trust-enhancing factors are elements that pharmacists may have greater personal control over. Further research is required to better understand these factors and to develop a more generalizable understanding of how patients develop trust in their pharmacists. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
Plasma apelin level in acute myocardial infarction and its relation with prognosis: A prospective study
Authors: Guzelburc Ozge , Demirtunc Refik , Altay Servet , Kemaloglu Oz Tugba , Tayyareci Gulsah 
Published: February 2021

Objective Apelin is a novel adipocytokine with a significant role in ischemia/reperfusion injury that is synthesized and secreted in myocardial cells and coronary endothelium. There is debate on its value for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate plasma apelin level in patients with acute ST segment elevation (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction and its relationship with left ventricular function and prognostic parameters. Methods Forty-one patients with STEMI, 21 patients with NSTEMI and 10 patients as control group with normal coronary angiograms were included. Plasma apelin level at presentation was investigated regarding its relationship with other diagnostic and prognostic parameters. Results Apelin level was significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction (0.31 ± 0.56 ng/mL) compared to control group (0.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL) (p < 0.01). Likewise, it was found to be significantly higher in STEMI group (0.45 ± 0.73 ng/mL) compared to control group (0.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL) (p < 0.01). Although apelin was higher in NSTEMI group (0.13 ± 0.10 ng/mL) compared to control group (0.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL), this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between apelin and NT-proBNP, hsCRP, troponin, ejection fraction (EF) and Killip score (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between apelin and TIMI, GRACE and Gensini scores (p < 0.05). Only GRACE score was found to be correlated with apelin in MI groups. Conclusion Apelin level was found to be high in acute myocardial infarction. With its inotropic and vasodilator effects, apelin was thought to have a protective role against severe ischemia.
Practice Transformation in HIV Primary Care: Perspectives of Coaches and Champions in the Southeast United States
Authors: Kay Emma Sophia , Batey David Scott , Craft Hannah L. , McCormick Lisa C. , Burkholder Greer A. , Burdge Jennifer , Raffanti Stephen P. , Mugavero Michael J. , Fifolt Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Introduction/Objectives: Across the United States, and particularly in the South, there is an urgent need to improve health outcomes for people with HIV. In response, the Southeast AIDS Education & Training Center (AETC) conducted a 4-year Practice Transformation (PT) initiative (2015-2018) in 12 mostly primary care clinics across 4 states in the region. Drawing on the leadership of PT facilitators (“coaches”) from AETC partner sites throughout the region and specific clinic staff members (“champions”), clinics worked toward self-selected organizational goals to increase their HIV care capacity and improve HIV health outcomes. Methods: To explore coaches’ and champions’ experiences and perspectives of PT, we conducted 2 focus group sessions, 1 tailored for coaches (n = 5) and another for champions (n = 9). Results: Content analysis of qualitative data revealed 4 major themes around coaches’ and champions’ experiences and perspectives of PT. These themes include Challenges, Facilitators, Successes, and Suggestions for PT Improvement. Conclusion: Primary care and infectious diseases/HIV clinics can help improve HIV Care Continuum outcomes through increasing their capacity to serve the needs of their clients, as facilitated through coaches and clinic champions. Since no single clinic or clinic patient population is alike, it is important work within organizations to address specific needs and leverage unique skillsets. Future PT initiatives can learn from experiences of this PT program to optimize the effectiveness of their programs.
Extractives elucidation of Taiwania cryptomerioides sapwood
Authors: Tsao Nai-Wen , Chien Shih-Chang , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Wang Sheng-Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTaiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) has long been regarded as a living fossil from the Tertiary period of Mesozoic Era for its distinguished yellowish-red color with purplish-pink streaks presented in its heartwood. With this elegant appearance that matches the color “red” for good fortune in the Taiwanese culture, Taiwania is supposed to be a popular wood in Taiwan where it is a native species of. Extractives contribute to the properties of wood. It is a fascinating subject to investigate extractives biosynthesis in the process of heartwood formation. Up to date, there is no phytochemistry study of Taiwania sapwood. In this study, three new sesquiterpenoids, Taiwania A (1), Taiwania B (2), and Taiwania C (3), together with 75 known compounds in the Taiwania sapwood. The structures of extractives were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the literatures. This study supported secondary reaction lignans could be found in sapwood that confirmed our previous research on the Taiwania-type of heartwood formation.
In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on Amino-Grafted Polyacrylonitrile Fiber and Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Xiao Yao , Yin Qitao , Yan Jiawei , Zang Chuanfeng , Zhang Huiyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, amino hyperbranched polymers (HBP)-grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber was prepared through an amidation reaction in an autoclave. The prepared PAN-G-HBP fiber can complex Ag+ through amino groups of amino HBP, and in a hot steaming condition, Ag+ can be converted to Ag0 through the reducibility of HBP. PAN-G-HBP and Ag nanoparticles (NPs)-coated fibers were then characterized through FTIR, UV–VIS DRS, FE-SEM, EDS, XPS and antibacterial measurement. FTIR results confirmed HBP was grafted on the surface of PAN fiber. FE-SEM showed that after grafting with HBP, the average diameter of PAN fibers was amplified. EDS, XPS, and UV–VIS DRS method indicated that under hot steaming condition and with the reducibility of HBP, Ag NPs uniform coating on the PAN-G-HBP. Ag NPs-coated fibers exhibits excellent antibacterial property against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Even under 20 times home washing conditions, the antibacterial reduction of Ag NPs-coated PAN fiber can achieved more than 98.94%.
Giant prostatic hyperplasia: case presentation of the second largest prostate adenoma
Authors: Dincer Erdinc , Ipek Osman Murat , Sarikaya Kayipmaz Sukran , Hanci Burcu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Benign prostate hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases in middle-aged or older men. Approximately 50% of men over 60 years old suffer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Giant prostatic hyperplasia is defined as a prostate exceeding 500 g. In all the literature, ten case reports were published with giant prostatic hyperplasia.

Case presentation
In this case report, we present a 72-year-old man with edema of lower extremities. In physical examination, bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities was detected. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was > 100.00 ng/ml. He did not have lower urinary tract symptoms. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and uroflowmetry results proved that the patient did not have lower urinary tract symptoms. Radiologic imaging revealed a huge pelvic mass behind bladder. Grade 1 hydronephrosis in the right kidney was detected, but serum creatinine value was normal. This mass was excised with open surgery. This mass was measured 1090 g, and histopathologic examination showed benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient had no complication at the 12-month follow-up. After 5 years, prostate volume was calculated approximately 108 cc by computer tomography but still the patient did not have any lower urinary tract symptoms.

Conclusion
It is important to approach the retroperitoneal mass. Clinicians usually think about malignity, but sometimes that mass can be relevant with benign process. Intra-operative biopsy can help clinicians for both diagnosis and surgical approach. In this case presentation, we report a patient with one of the largest sizes of prostate gland that measured 1090 g.
Bilateral extra-adrenal perirenal myelolipomas: a case report
Authors: Agarwal Aniket , Vani Kavita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Myelolipomas are mesenchymal tumors usually involving the adrenal gland. They are a rare entity with incidence ranging from 0.08 to 0.4% as per autopsy reports. Only 15% of these are in extra-adrenal locations such as pelvis, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen and kidneys. Very few (only 3) cases of bilateral extra-adrenal perirenal myelolipomas have been reported until now; and one such case has been presented in our case report.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old male presented with abdominal distension and bilateral lower limb edema for 2 months. Renal functions were mildly deranged. Ultrasound was suggestive of perirenal masses. CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral extra-adrenal, perirenal myelolipoma. The differentials of lipomatous retroperitoneal tumors were considered. Core biopsy from perirenal masses revealed adipose tissue with interspersed hematopoietic precursors.

Conclusion
Extra-adrenal myelolipoma are rare tumors that are not known to have malignant potential and may be symptomatic only due to mass effect. Diagnosis can be confirmed by imaging in most cases. Histopathology may not be able to confirm malignancy even in sarcoma if sample is not taken from the appropriate site, usually non-fatty soft-tissue components. This rare case is presented in order to add to literature, the varied presentations of extra-adrenal myelolipomas.
Environmental fate and effects of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products
Authors: Duis Karen , Junker Thomas , Coors Anja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBecause of their usually high molecular weight, polymers are generally considered as being of low environmental concern and are, therefore, exempted from registration and evaluation within REACH. This exemption is currently being reviewed by the European Commission. Against this background, data on the environmental fate and effects of selected water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products were evaluated. The considered polymers include non-ionic polyethylene glycols (PEGs), anionic homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA-P&CoPs), and cationic polyquaterniums (PQs). The PEGs are more amenable to biodegradation than the AA-P&CoPs and the PQs, which biodegrade slowly. In wastewater treatment plants, sorption and precipitation are expected to lead to an effective removal of the considered polymers from the wastewater. Uptake and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are limited by the large molecular size and, for AA-P&CoPs and PQs, the ionic charge of the polymers. In aquatic ecotoxicity tests, the PEGs and the AA-P&CoPs showed generally no to low toxicity. Effects of AA-P&CoPs on algae and crustaceans are attributed to the chelation of cationic nutrients in soft water, with toxicity being mitigated at higher water hardness. Toxicity of the cationic PQs to aquatic organisms ranged from absent to high, depending on the polymer structure, charge density and molecular weight, as well as on the test organism and test conditions. The observed effects most likely result from interactions with the organisms’ surfaces. Aquatic toxicity of the PQs is reduced by dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, sediments minerals, and at higher water hardness, representative of natural conditions. Results from toxicity tests with sediment and soil organisms were only identified for homopolymers of acrylic acid, showing no toxicity. The evaluation of the available ecotoxicity data suggests that test methods may need to be adapted to the respective polymer type, and further standardised to improve reproducibility. Based on the identified data, the considered polymers are likely to be of low environmental concern. However, this conclusion must be seen as preliminary, since environmental concentrations could not be estimated, and further ecotoxicity data are required, e.g., for sediment and soil organisms.
cognac: rapid generation of concatenated gene alignments for phylogenetic inference from large, bacterial whole genome sequencing datasets
Authors: Crawford Ryan D. , Snitkin Evan S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The quantity of genomic data is expanding at an increasing rate. Tools for phylogenetic analysis which scale to the quantity of available data are required. To address this need, we present cognac, a user-friendly software package to rapidly generate concatenated gene alignments for phylogenetic analysis.

Results
We illustrate that cognac is able to rapidly identify phylogenetic marker genes using a data driven approach and efficiently generate concatenated gene alignments for very large genomic datasets. To benchmark our tool, we generated core gene alignments for eight unique genera of bacteria, including a dataset of over 11,000 genomes from the genus Escherichia producing an alignment with 1353 genes, which was constructed in less than 17 h.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that cognac presents an efficient method for generating concatenated gene alignments for phylogenetic analysis. We have released cognac as an R package (https://github.com/rdcrawford/cognac) with customizable parameters for adaptation to diverse applications.
Rubidium chloride modulated the fecal microbiota community in mice
Authors: Chen Qian , He Zhiguo , Zhuo Yuting , Li Shuzhen , Yang Wenjing , Hu Liang , Zhong Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated for their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.

Results
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that RbCl generally maintained fecal microbial community diversity, while the shifts in fecal microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio, but significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. With regarding to the archaea, we only observed two less richness archaea Sulfolobus and Acidiplasma at the genus level.

Conclusions
Changes of fecal microbes may in part contribute to the anticancer or anti-depressant effects of RbCl. These findings further validate that the microbiome could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of acyl-CoA-binding protein gene family in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Zhu Jiantang , Li Weijun , Zhou Yuanyuan , Pei Laming , Liu Jiajia , Xia Xinyao , Che Ronghui , Li Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) possess a conserved acyl-CoA-binding (ACB) domain that facilitates binding to acyl-CoA esters and trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Although the various functions of ACBP have been characterized in several plant species, their structure, molecular evolution, expression profile, and function have not been fully elucidated in Zea mays L.

Results
Genome-wide analysis identified nine ZmACBP genes in Z. mays, which could be divided into four distinct classes (class I, class II, class III, and class IV) via construction of a phylogenetic tree that included 48 ACBP genes from six different plant species. Transient expression of a ZmACBP-GFP fusion protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) epidermal cells revealed that ZmACBPs localized to multiple different locations. Analyses of expression profiles revealed that ZmACBPs exhibited temporal and spatial expression changes during abiotic and biotic stresses. Eight of the nine ZmACBP genes were also found to have significant association with agronomic traits in a panel of 500 maize inbred lines. The heterologous constitutive expression of ZmACBP1 and ZmACBP3 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance of these plants to salinity and drought stress, possibly through alterations in the level of lipid metabolic and stress-responsive genes.

Conclusion
The ACBP gene family was highly conserved across different plant species. ZmACBP genes had clear tissue and organ expression specificity and were responsive to both biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting their roles in plant growth and stress resistance.
Transcriptome analysis reveals major transcriptional changes during regrowth after mowing of red clover (Trifolium pratense)
Authors: Herbert Denise Brigitte , Gross Thomas , Rupp Oliver , Becker Annette 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is globally used as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value and soil improving qualities. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its role for plants grown in the field are unclear.

Results
Here, we characterize the global transcriptional response to mowing of red clover by comparing plants grown under greenhouse conditions with plants growing on agriculturally used fields. Unexpectedly, we found that biotic and abiotic stress related changes of plants grown in the field overlay their regrowth related transcriptional changes and characterized transcription related protein families involved in these processes. Further, we can show that gibberellins, among other phytohormones, also contribute to the developmental processes related to regrowth after biomass-loss.

Conclusions
Our findings show that massive biomass loss triggers less transcriptional changes in field grown plants than their struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses and that gibberellins also play a role in the developmental program related to regrowth after mowing in red clover. Our results provide first insights into the physiological and developmental processes of mowing on red clover and may serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.
Diabetes impairs the protective effects of sevoflurane postconditioning in the myocardium subjected to ischemia/ reperfusion injury in rats: important role of Drp1
Authors: Yu Jing , He Jiandong , Yang Wenqu , Wang Xiang , Shi Gaoxiang , Duan Yinglei , Wang Hui , Han Chongfang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Sevoflurane postconditioning (SevP) effectively relieves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury but performs poorly in the diabetic myocardium. Previous studies have revealed the important role of increased oxidative stress in diabetic tissues. Notably, mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an upstream pathway of reactive oxygen production. Whether the ineffectiveness of SevP in the diabetic myocardium is related to Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the important role of Drp1 in the diabetic myocardium and investigate whether Drp1 inhibition could restore the cardioprotective effect of SevP.

Methods
In the first part of the study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats in the diabetic groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diets for 8 weeks and injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery followed by 120 min of reperfusion. SevP was applied by continuous inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion, which lasted for 10 min. In the second part of the study, we applied mdivi-1 to investigate whether Drp1 inhibition could restore the cardioprotective effect of SevP in the diabetic myocardium. The myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial ultrastructure, apoptosis index, SOD activity, MDA content, and Drp1 expression were detected.

Results
TTC staining and TUNEL results showed that the myocardial infarct size and apoptosis index were increased in the diabetic myocardium. However, SevP significantly alleviated myocardial I/R injury in the normal myocardium but not in the diabetic myocardium. Additionally, we found an elevation in Drp1 expression, accompanied by more severe fission-induced structural damage and oxidative stress in the diabetic myocardium. Interestingly, we discovered that the beneficial effect of SevP was restored by mdivi-1, which significantly suppressed mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the crucial role of mitochondrial fission dependent on Drp1 in the diabetic myocardium subjected to I/R, and strongly indicates that Drp1 inhibition may restore the cardioprotective effect of SevP in diabetic rats.