bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual traits influence survival of a reintroduced marsupial only at low predator densities
Authors: Bannister H. L. , Letnic M. , Blumstein D. T. , Moseby K. E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPredation is a key factor contributing to the failure of reintroductions of vertebrates but there is variation in predation risk between individuals. Understanding the traits that render some animals less susceptible to predation, and selecting for these traits, may help improve reintroduction success. Here, we test whether prior exposure to predators or specific morphological and/or behavioural attributes explained variation in post‐reintroduction survival in a moderate and low predator density environment. We exposed a population of the threatened burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) to controlled densities of feral cats (Felis catus) for ≥3 years. We then conducted two translocations of cat‐exposed and control populations that had no exposure to predators to a new site where cats were present at moderate, then low density. Variation in survival of burrowing bettongs was not explained by prior predator exposure to predators or measured individual traits at moderate cat density. At lower cat densities, males died sooner and burrowing bettongs with larger hind feet survived longer. Although prior cat‐exposure did not confer a survival advantage at low cat densities, the cat‐exposed burrowing bettong population had larger hind feet (n = 44) compared to the control population (n = 45) suggesting that trait divergence between cat‐exposed and non‐cat‐exposed burrowing bettongs may not yet be sufficient for improved survival. Alternatively, prior predator exposure may not confer a survival advantage because they are “outgunned” by evolutionarily novel cats. Predation is a major problem thwarting successful reintroductions world‐wide. Exposing populations to predators over longer time periods and periodically testing survival will be required to determine whether pre‐release predator exposure prepares animals for life with novel predators. Our study highlights the importance of reducing predator activity at release sites prior to reintroduction to enable any benefits from intraspecific variation in survival traits to be realised.
Efficacy of the implementation of the National Emergency X‐Radiography Utilization Study II decision rule to clinical practice for paediatric head injury patients
Authors: Hautala Maria , Koskela Ulla , Pokka Tytti , Rantala Heikki , Uhari Matti , Serlo Willy , Mikkonen Kirsi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the usefulness of the National Emergency X‐Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) II head trauma decision rule in clinical practice for paediatric patients in a tertiary university hospital serving as the only paediatric hospital in the area.MethodsWe compared how doctors evaluated and examined patients with head injury during two time periods, before and after the introduction of NEXUS II decision rule. Multiple implementation strategies were used as follows: education, tutoring and written instructions for the use of NEXUS II.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐four head injury patients visited the hospital before and 385 after the introduction of the NEXUS II decision rule. The number of hospital admissions (56%) and the mean duration of hospitalisation (2.5 days) remained the same during the two periods. In the NEXUS II evaluated group, there was a decrease of 40% in the number of hospital admissions. NEXUS II was applied in only 62 (16%) cases. The number of head imaging procedures remained the same. No patients with a clinically significant head injury were missed with the NEXUS II evaluation.ConclusionNEXUS II was ineffective as our implementation failed. When used, NEXUS II reduced expenses in our study population by decreasing the number of hospital admissions.
Dichotomous effects on lymphatic transport with loss of caveolae in mice
Authors: Baranwal Gaurav , Creed Heidi A. , Cromer Walter E. , Wang Wei , Upchurch Bradley D. , Smithhart Matt C. , Vadlamani Suman S. , Clark Mary‐Catherine C. , Busbuso Napoleon C. , Blais Stephanie N. , Reyna Andrea J. , Dongaonkar Ranjeet M. , Zawieja David C. , Rutkowski Joseph M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimFluid and macromolecule transport from the interstitium into and through lymphatic vessels is necessary for tissue homeostasis. While lymphatic capillary structure suggests that passive, paracellular transport would be the predominant route of macromolecule entry, active caveolae‐mediated transcellular transport has been identified in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro. Caveolae also mediate a wide array of endothelial cell processes, including nitric oxide regulation. Thus, how does the lack of caveolae impact “lymphatic function”?MethodsVarious aspects of lymphatic transport were measured in mice constitutively lacking caveolin‐1 (“CavKO”), the protein required for caveolae formation in endothelial cells, and in mice with a LEC‐specific Cav1 gene deletion (Lyve1‐Cre x Cav1flox/flox; “LyCav”) and ex vivo in their vessels and cells.ResultsIn each model, lymphatic architecture was largely unchanged. The lymphatic conductance, or initial tissue uptake, was significantly higher in both CavKO mice and LyCav mice by quantitative microlymphangiography and the permeability to 70 kDa dextran was significantly increased in monolayers of LECs isolated from CavKO mice. Conversely, transport within the lymphatic system to the sentinel node was significantly reduced in anaesthetized CavKO and LyCav mice. Isolated, cannulated collecting vessel studies identified significantly reduced phasic contractility when lymphatic endothelium lacks caveolae. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase was able to partially restore ex vivo vessel contractility.ConclusionMacromolecule transport across lymphatics is increased with loss of caveolae, yet phasic contractility reduced, resulting in reduced overall lymphatic transport function. These studies identify lymphatic caveolar biology as a key regulator of active lymphatic transport functions.
Understanding the socio‐technical hybridisation of indoor–outdoor relations: Emergent, merged, and stretched
Authors: Marvin Simon , Rutherford Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndoor and outdoor leisure environments are increasingly understood to be mutually constituted through merged relationships but there has been less focus on the actual forms that hybridisation can take. This paper provides an analysis of forms of hybridisation through time by focusing on the socio‐technical configurations through which three leisure environments are materially constituted. We analyse the key functional elements of these configurations: the technological systems and their genealogies over time that allow the making and unmaking of activities; the spatiality of facilities and systems in terms of their locations and connections across space; and the construction by providers of user pathways between indoor and outdoor activities. The paper uses this structure to compare purpose‐built indoor recreational spaces located in the city region of Greater Manchester that recreate outdoor activities focusing on skydiving, skiing, and ice wall climbing. We construct a framework of three modes of hybridisation – emergent, merged, stretched – that contributes a deeper understanding of the diversity, intensity, and changing temporality of interrelations between indoor and outdoor environments.
Never‐ending repetitiveness, sadness, loss, and “juggling with a blindfold on:” Lived experiences of Canadian college and university faculty members during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: VanLeeuwen Charlene A. , Veletsianos George , Johnson Nicole , Belikov Olga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report on the lived experiences of faculty members during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, exploring the broader experiences of faculty members as individuals living multifaceted lives whose homes became their offices, their students scattered geographically and their home lives upended. Using a phenomenological approach for data collection and analysis, we conducted 20 in‐depth interviews with faculty holding varied academic appointments at universities across Canada. Experiences during the early months of the pandemic were described as being overwhelming and exhausting, and participants described as being stuck in a cycle of never‐ending repetitiveness, sadness and loss, or managing life, teaching and other professional responsibilities with little sense of direction. In keeping with phenomenological methods, this research paints a visceral picture of faculty experiences, seeking to contextualize teaching and learning during this time. Its unique contribution lies in portraying emergency remote teaching as an overlapping and tumultuous world of personal, professional and day‐to‐day responsibilities.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Surveys and first‐person accounts of remote teaching paint an initial picture of experiences.

During the COVID‐19 pandemic many faculty were facing various anxieties and tensions.

The transition to remote teaching was uneven.

What this paper adds

A systematic analysis of faculty experiences during the early months of the pandemic.

Evocative and vivid descriptions of academics’ experiences.

An explanation of what it feels like to live through this time.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Faculty require more support.

Trauma‐aware and trauma‐informed practices can support faculty and their work.

Rich descriptions can inform future policymaking and practice.
Facilitating cognitive processes during EFL smartwatch‐supported learning activities in authentic contexts
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Hwang Wu‐Yuin , Liu Tzu‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we designed a game‐based English as a foreign language (EFL) learning activity for junior high school students for the application of newly learned knowledge to the real world. The learning activity was combined with physical exercises such as walking. Smartwatches were used to help students create learning content during the learning activity and monitor their physical activity. We aimed to explore how learning activity supported by smartwatches can facilitate cognitive processes such as Remembering (i.e., remembering new knowledge), Understanding (i.e., understanding new knowledge) and Applying (i.e., applying acquired knowledge in new situations). We also explored student learning experiences during the smartwatch‐supported language learning process. Our results showed that the posttest student's cognitive processes level was significantly higher than that of the pretest. From the interviews, we found that the students’ learning experience can be categorised into EFL learning, physical exercise, smartwatch usage, learning satisfaction and problems. The results revealed that the learning activity supported by smartwatches was useful for language learning and physical exercise, and the students were satisfied with their learning experiences. The students used smartwatch functions such as texting, recording, sharing and monitoring their language practice in the real world. Based on our results, we suggest designing real‐world language learning activities supported by smartwatches as they may facilitate cognitive processes from a basic to a higher level because they enable students to learn new knowledge and apply it in everyday life.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic?

Acquiring new knowledge in class and then applying it to the real world is important.

Smartwatches have the potential to facilitate cognitive processes associated with language learning.

Exploring learning experiences is important in technology‐assisted language learning.

What this paper adds?

An understanding of how smartwatch‐supported language learning facilitates cognitive processes.

A presentation of student learning experiences in a smartwatch‐supported language learning environment.

Our study design and results might serve as a starting point in the research area of smartwatch‐supported learning.

Implications for practice or policy

The design of learning tasks requires applying newly learned knowledge to the real world and combining it with physical exercise.

To make learning experiences more successful, we need to design relevant and meaningful tasks.

The use of our proposed eight‐step approach will make learning experiences fruitful.
Political participation and basic values in Europe: Replication and extension of Vecchione et al. (2015)
Authors: Rudnev Maksim 
Published: March 2021

Vecchione et al. (Br J Psychol, 106, 2015, 84) demonstrated the effects of four higher‐order values on political participation across 20 European countries. In their Study 1, they found that political participation was related to three higher‐order basic values and that these associations were stronger in more democratic countries. The present study attempted a replication using a more rigorous modelling approach. Multilevel structural equation models with latent variables for both participation and basic values replicated the main effects of Self‐Transcendence and Conservation values but demonstrated negative effects of Openness values (vs. positive in the original study) and positive effects of Self‐Enhancement values (vs. ambiguous or insignificant in the original study), while cross‐level interactions indicated weaker effects of values in more democratic countries (vs. the opposite in the original study). These discrepancies appeared mostly due to the original study’s implicit assumption that basic values’ measurement errors were zero. The new results indicated a counter‐intuitive similarity of effects of supposedly opposite values. Self‐Transcendence–Self‐Enhancement is suggested to be a politically motivating value dimension, whereas Openness to Change–Conservation is a dimension that discourages political participation regardless of the preferred extreme.
CDKN1C‐mediated growth inhibition by an EZH1/2 dual inhibitor overcomes resistance of mantle cell lymphoma to ibrutinib
Authors: Kagiyama Yuki , Fujita Shuhei , Shima Yutaka , Yamagata Kazutsune , Katsumoto Takuo , Nakagawa Makoto , Honma Daisuke , Adachi Nobuaki , Araki Kazushi , Kato Ayako , Inaki Koichiro , Ono Yoshimasa , Fukuhara Suguru , Kobayashi Yukio , Tobinai Kensei , Kitabayashi Issay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is characterized by overexpression of cyclin D1. Although novel drugs, such as ibrutinib, show promising clinical outcomes, relapsed MCL often acquires drug resistance. Therefore, alternative approaches for refractory and relapsed MCL are needed. Here, we examined whether a novel inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homologs 1 and 2 (EZH1/2), OR‐S1 (a close analog of the clinical‐stage compound valemetostat), had an antitumor effect on MCL cells. In an ibrutinib‐resistant MCL patient–derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model, OR‐S1 treatment by oral administration significantly inhibited MCL tumor growth, whereas ibrutinib did not. In vitro growth assays showed that compared with an established EZH2‐specific inhibitor GSK126, OR‐S1 had a marked antitumor effect on MCL cell lines. Furthermore, comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed using OR‐S1–sensitive or insensitive MCL cell lines and showed that OR‐S1 treatment modulated B‐cell activation, differentiation, and cell cycle. In addition, we identified Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C, also known as p57, KIP2), which contributes to cell cycle arrest, as a direct target of EZH1/2 and showed that its expression influenced MCL cell proliferation. These results suggest that EZH1/2 may be a potential novel target for the treatment of aggressive ibrutinib‐resistant MCL via CDKN1C‐mediated cell cycle arrest.
Towards precision medicine for clinically non‐functioning pituitary tumours
Authors: Lenders Nèle F. , Inder Warrick J. , McCormack Ann I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveClinically non‐functioning pituitary tumours (NFPT) are a heterogenous group of neoplasms with diverse outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize available data on predictive factors, both in routine practice and research settings.DesignA literature review was conducted for papers published in peer‐reviewed journals, investigating clinical, radiological, pathological and genetic predictive factors in NFPT.ResultsSeveral clinical and radiological factors have been associated with NFPT recurrence and/or aggressiveness, including larger size and pre‐/post‐operative growth rates. Application of transcription factor immunohistochemistry has given rise to improved subtype identification, including ‘higher‐risk’ subtypes, in routine clinical practice. Numerous other pathological and genetic biomarkers have demonstrated promise for prognostication in the research setting.ConclusionNFPT are a heterogenous group of tumours, characterized by diverse presentation, pathogenesis and outcomes. Ongoing refinements in understanding of tumour biology are likely to pave the way to improved integrative prognostication and precision medicine for NFPT.
Alcohol and other drug health‐care providers and their client's perceptions of e‐cigarette use, safety and harm reduction
Authors: Skelton Eliza , Guillaumier Ashleigh , Tzelepis Flora , Walsberger Scott , Paul Christine L. , Dunlop Adrian J. , Palazzi Kerrin , Bonevski Billie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionE‐cigarettes containing nicotine may potentially assist cessation in a heavily nicotine‐dependent population with high relapse and tobacco‐related burden. This study aims to determine alcohol and other drug (AOD) health‐care provider and client awareness, use and attitudes regarding harm reduction and safety of e‐cigarettes.MethodsThe study was part of a larger cluster randomised controlled trial with 32 Australian AOD services. At a post‐intervention survey conducted October 2016, health‐care providers were asked whether they believed e‐cigarettes could help smokers quit tobacco, whether they believe e‐cigarettes are safer than tobacco smoking and whether they would recommend e‐cigarettes to clients who are interested in quitting smoking. At the 6‐month follow‐up survey conducted January 2015–March 2016, AOD clients were asked about their e‐cigarette knowledge, ever use, current use, reasons for use and place of purchase.ResultsOne hundred and eighty health‐care providers and 427 AOD clients responded. A minority of health‐care providers agreed with the statements that e‐cigarettes could help smokers quit tobacco (30%), while just under one‐third (25%) agreed that e‐cigarettes were safer than tobacco smoking. However, only 19% would recommend e‐cigarettes. Most AOD clients (93%) reported awareness of e‐cigarettes, 39% reported ever use; however, only 7% reported current use. Of those reporting ever use, 52% used a nicotine e‐cigarette. The most common reasons for e‐cigarette use were ‘wanted to try’ (72%) and ‘help cut down smoking’ (70%).Discussion and ConclusionsBoth AOD health‐care providers and clients are aware of e‐cigarettes but are cautious in using and recommending their use.
New Zealand roll‐your‐own smokers' reaction to novel roll‐your‐own tobacco packaging warning labels
Authors: Blank Mei‐Ling , Hoek Janet , Gendall Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough roll‐your‐own (RYO) loose tobacco is increasingly popular among smokers, no jurisdictions have used RYO‐specific pictorial warning labels (PWL) on tobacco packaging. We explored how New Zealand RYO smokers, a population with over 10 years of exposure to PWLs, reacted to RYO‐specific warnings featuring novel themes.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of 785 RYO smokers in March 2019. Eligible participants were smokers aged 18–70 years who smoked predominantly RYO cigarettes. Participants randomly viewed two of eight RYO‐specific PWLs featuring themes of health information (mouth and throat cancer), suffering (male and female), toxins, material hardship, cost, family transmission of smoking and harm to pets and answered items assessing negative emotions and perceived effectiveness.ResultsCompared to a reference health information PWL (most similar in content and tone to New Zealand's existing PWLs), only a male suffering PWL elicited both significantly stronger negative emotion and higher perceived effectiveness. No themes performed significantly worse than the health information PWL, suggesting any of the themes could be at least as effective as existing health warnings among New Zealand RYO smokers. The individual‐level factors consistently associated with negative emotion and perceived effectiveness were age, desire to quit smoking, believing quitting could reduce risk of serious disease, a quit attempt within the previous 6 months and ever‐planning to quit.ConclusionOur findings suggest that, in the New Zealand context, a PWL emphasising male suffering could be a useful starting point for assessing RYO‐specific PWLs compared to general smoking warnings.
Εndothelial and microvascular function in CKD: Evaluation methods and associations with outcomes
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Marieta P. , Dipla Konstantina , Zafeiridis Andreas , Sarafidis Pantelis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of atherosclerosis, is suggested to be involved pathogenetically in cardiovascular and renal disease progression in these patients.MethodsThis is a narrative review presenting the techniques and markers used for assessment of microvascular and endothelial function in patients with CKD and discussing findings of the relevant studies on the associations of endothelial dysfunction with co‐morbid conditions and outcomes in this population.ResultsVenous Occlusion Plethysmography was the first method to evaluate microvascular function; subsequently, several relevant techniques have been developed and used in patients with CKD, including brachial Flow‐Mediated Dilatation, and more recently, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis. Furthermore, several circulating biomarkers are commonly used in clinical research. Studies assessing endothelial function using the above techniques and biomarkers suggest that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in CKD and contributes to the target organ damage, cardiovascular events, death and progression towards end‐stage kidney disease.ConclusionsOlder and newer functional methods and several biomarkers have assessed endothelial dysfunction in CKD; accumulated evidence supports an association of endothelial dysfunction with outcomes. Future research with new, non‐invasive and easily applicable methods could further delineate the role of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular and renal disease progression in patients with CKD.
Engineering crises: Favoritism and strategic fiscal indiscipline
Authors: Saint‐Paul Gilles , Ticchi Davide , Vindigni Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe develop a political economy theory of the endogenous emergence of fiscal crises based on the idea that the adjustment mechanism to a crisis favors some social groups, that may be induced ex‐ante to vote for fiscal policies that are more likely to lead to a crisis. Greater levels of favoritism lead to a higher public debt and more frequent crises, as well as to higher public expenditure, if the favored group is large enough. We provide conditions under which the favored group strategically favors a weaker state's fiscal capacity and when constitutional limits on debt raise the utility of all poor.