bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of 2 Formulations of Tenofovir Alafenamide
Authors: Li Zhihui , Liu Jingyan , Ju Gehang , Yan Keyu , Mao Yong , Liu Qingchun , Yang Xinlu , Zhang Rong , Qiu Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of 2 brands of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) fumarate tablets. This research was a 2‐preparation, 2‐sequence, 4‐period crossover, completely replicated study in 68 healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The mean values of the area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last time point with blood sample collection (AUC0‐t), area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞), and maximum concentration (Cmax) for the test and reference products of TAF were 248.5 and 275.7 ng/mL, 148.1 and 157.8 ng • h/mL, and 148.4 and 158.1 ng • h/mL, respectively, under the fasting condition. On the other hand, the mean value of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ for the test and reference formulations of TAF were 244.6 and 246.7 ng/mL, 230.4 and 244.9 ng • h/mL, and 233.2 and 246.2 ng • h/mL, respectively, under the fed condition. The 90% confidence intervals for geometric mean ratios of AUC0–t and AUC0‐∞ of TAF in fasting and fed states were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits when tested using the average‐bioequivalence method. The point estimate value for geometric mean ratio of Cmax in fasting and fed states (88.4% and 95.5%, respectively) were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits as per the reference‐scaled average‐bioequivalence method. The safety profiles of the 2 formulations were comparable. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that the test formulations of TAF exhibited bioequivalence to the reference and were well tolerated by healthy Chinese subjects (Study Registry Identification Number: CTR20190086; CTR20190087).
In situ Chromatin Interaction Analysis Using Paired‐End Tag Sequencing
Authors: Wang Ping , Feng Yuliang , Zhu Kun , Chai Haoxi , Chang Ya‐ting , Yang Xiaofei , Liu Xiyuan , Shen Chen , Gega Eva , Lee Byoungkoo , Kim Minji , Ruan Xiaoan , Ruan Yijun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChromatin Interaction Analysis Using Paired‐End Tag Sequencing (ChIA‐PET) is an established method to map protein‐mediated chromatin interactions. A limitation, however, is that it requires a hundred million cells per experiment, which hampers its broad application in biomedical research, particularly in studies in which it is impractical to obtain a large number of cells from rare samples. To reduce the required input cell number while retaining high data quality, we developed an in situ ChIA‐PET protocol, which requires as few as 1 million cells. Here, we describe detailed step‐by‐step procedures for performing in situ ChIA‐PET from cultured cells, including both an experimental protocol for sample preparation and data generation and a computational protocol for data processing and visualization using the ChIA‐PIPE pipeline. As the protocol significantly simplifies the experimental procedure, reduces ligation noise, and decreases the required input of cells compared to previous versions of ChIA‐PET protocols, it can be applied to generate high‐resolution chromatin contact maps mediated by various protein factors for a wide range of human and mouse primary cells. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and data generationSupport Protocol: Bridge linker preparationBasic Protocol 2: Data processing and visualization
Interface‐Induced Self‐Assembly Strategy Toward 2D Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/MXene Heterostructures for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Xiong Hailong , Luo Yaxiao , Zhang Liangliang , Hu Kuo , Zhang Ling , Gao Yu , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition metal carbonitrides (MXene) have demonstrated great potential in many fields. However, the serious aggregation and poor thermodynamic stability of MXene greatly hinder their applications. Here, an interface‐induced self‐assembly strategy to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbon/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures (OMCTs) was developed. In this method, the composite monomicelles formed by Pluronic F127 and low‐molecular‐weight phenolic resol self‐assembled on the surface of Ti3C2Tx to prevent the restacking of Ti3C2Tx and maintain its thermostability. The obtained OMCTs possessed high specific surface areas (259–544 m2 g−1), large pore volumes (0.296–0.481 cm3 g−1), and excellent thermodynamic stability (up to 600 °C). Benefiting from these advantages, OMCTs serving as the electrode materials for supercapacitor exhibited superior supercapacitor performances, including high capacitance of 247 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, satisfactory rate performance of 190 F g−1 at 5 A g−1, and cyclability.
Positive relationships among aboveground biomass, tree species diversity, and urban greening management in tropical coastal city of Haikou
Authors: Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Harris AJ , Cheng Xia‐Lan , Zhu Zhi‐Xin , Jim Chi Yung , Wang Hua‐Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin urban green spaces, tree species diversity is believed to correlate with aboveground biomass, though there is some disagreement within the literature on the strength and directionality of the relationship. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between the biodiversity of woody species and the aboveground biomass of woody plant species in the tropical, coastal city of Haikou in southern China. To accomplish this, we obtained comprehensive tree and site data through field sampling of 190 urban functional units (UFUs, or work units) corresponding to six types of land uses governmental‐institutional, industrial‐commercial, park‐recreational, residential, transport infrastructure, and undeveloped area. Based on our field data, we investigated the relationship between tree species diversity and aboveground biomass using multiple regression, which revealed significant relationships across all five types of land uses. Aboveground biomass in green spaces was also correlated with anthropogenic factors, especially time since urban development, or site age, annual maintenance frequency by human caretakers, and human population density. Among these factors, maintenance is the strongest predictor of aboveground biomass in urban green space. Therefore, this study highlights the critical role of maintenance of urban green space in promoting both aboveground biomass and woody biodiversity in urban ecosystems and, consequently, on urban ecosystem services. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecosystem services provided by communities of woody plant species in urban areas.
Dynamics of necromass in woody Australian ecosystems
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Turner John , Lewis Tom , McCaw Lachie , Cook Gary , Adams Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLitterfall (LF) is the major contributor to aboveground necromass in ecosystems. Litter decomposition or litter decay (LD) then offsets deposition in LF, with the balance of LF and LD determining the standing litter (SL). SL together with fine and coarse woody debris (FWD, CWD) are the largest necromass pools. The interactions of LF, SL, and LD at continental scales reflect carbon and nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes. We compiled data on leaf, twig (<2.6 cm), and other material (mostly bark and reproductive tissue) for SL and LF for the fire‐prone Australian continent, where SL is also a major “fuel load” and important for fire spread and fire intensity. We extracted data from 498 published and unpublished works (1825 LF observations; n SL = 3914; n LD = 629). We used Olson’s (mass‐balance) approach (k ˜ LF/SL) to calculate LD for sites long undisturbed with both LF and SL data. We compiled LF and SL by component (leaves, twigs, other material) and metainformation such as sampling location, tree species, or time since fire from literature and/or scientists. Most data were available from warm‐seasonal (36% for SL) and cool‐wet (31%) climates, linking the locations of our data with a bio‐climate classification. Warm‐wet (20%) and hot‐seasonal (8%) climates followed, while other climate zones each contributed <2% of the data. Across all climatic zones, average SL (1100 g/m2) was roughly twice that of LF (468 g·m−2·yr−1). SL was greatest in cold climates (2334 g/m2), compared to warm‐wet (1168 g/m2) and hot‐seasonal conditions (499 g/m2). Important drivers of SL are LD (e.g., slow under cold conditions) and fire frequency. Olson’s k varied with type of decomposing material (“composition”). For example, across the continent, k ˜ 1.942 yr−1 for leaves but was 0.504 yr−1 for twigs. SL varied strongly in composition according to climate type (e.g., seasonal vs. wet climates). Robust models of necromass dynamics must distinguish between the litter components (such as leaves and twigs) and consider the complex and non‐linear effects of climate, stand structure, and stand history on litterfall and decomposition.
Long‐term monitoring using DNA sampling reveals the dire demographic status of the critically endangered Gobi bear
Authors: Tumendemberel Odbayar , Tebbenkamp Joel M. , Zedrosser Andreas , Proctor Michael F. , Blomberg Erik J. , Morin Dana J. , Rosell Frank , Reynolds Harry V. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInformation about population demography is crucial for developing and implementing conservation measures. The brown bear in the Gobi desert of southwestern Mongolia (referred to as the Gobi bear) is one of the smallest and most isolated brown bear populations in the world. We conducted genetic sampling (n = 2660 samples collected) using hair corrals around feeding sites at 13 water sources during 2009, 2013, and 2017 to evaluate population size, survival, and population trend. Bears were identified using 13 microsatellite loci and one sex marker. We detected 51 unique individuals (15F and 36M) from our targeted surveys in 2009, 2013, and 2017. Based on capture–mark–recapture robust design, population estimates were 23 (95% CI: 21–32) in 2009, 28 (95% CI: 25–35) in 2013, and 31 (95% CI: 29‐38) individuals in 2017. Spatial capture–recapture analysis suggested abundance was very low ( = 27; 95% CI: 22–35), and there was no significant change from 2009 to 2017. The population density was 0.93 bears/1000 km2 (95% CI: 0.74–1.17). Our population estimates suggested a stable population trend. However, the population is still very small, and the sex ratio is skewed toward males, raising concerns for future persistence. Annual survival based on Robust design CMR was 0.85. Low abundance and apparent survival for both sexes in this unhunted population coupled with a skewed sex ratio highlight the need for on‐the‐ground conservation action to conserve this isolated population of bears.
Regioselective Carbon‐Halogen Bond Formation in the Reaction of Ag(III)N‐Confused Porphyrin Complex with HCl or HBr
Authors: Sumra Idrees , Irfan Majeed , He Huowang , Zhang Yihuan , Hao Fei , Lin Jinhong , Osuka Atsuhiro , Zeng Zhuo , Jiang Hua‐Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA facile inner halogenation of Ag(III) NCP complex1is reported. Treatment of1with 2NHCl and 1NHBr gave2and4, respectively. A demetallized product3was formed as a trace side product when dilute acids were applied and as a predominant product when treated with concentrated acids. The importance of the C3‐ethoxy group for the halogenation reactions was experimentally indicated. Treatment of1with 4NH2SO4gave carbaporpholactam6in good yield. Halide anions are suggested to accelerate the demetallation reaction of1.
Stereoselective Cross‐Coupling of Grignard Reagents and Conjugated Dienylbromides using Iron Salts with Magnesium Alkoxides
Authors: Chourreu Pablo , Guerret Olivier , Guillonneau Loïc , Gayon Eric , Lefèvre Guillaume 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA convenient procedure allowing iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkyl or aryl Grignard reagents and conjugated dienyl bromides is reported, relying on the use of cheap and non‐toxic magnesium alkoxides as sole additives. An excellent stereoselectivity is observed in the alkyl‐dienyl series. This sequence has been applied to the synthesis of the sex pheromone of codling moth, illustrating its applicability for obtaining targets of industrial interest. Preliminary mechanistic studies carried out on the aryl‐dienyl cross‐coupling suggest that in situ generated ate homoleptic organoiron(II) species act as catalytically relevant intermediates. A modified preparative method for the realization of THF solutions of dienyl bromides as “ready‐to‐use” coupling partners is also discussed, circumventing the thermal instability of those derivatives.
A cyclostationary model for temporal forecasting and simulation of solar global horizontal irradiance
Authors: Das Soumya , Genton Marc G. , Alshehri Yasser M. , Stenchikov Georgiy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs part of Saudi Vision 2030, a major strategic framework developed by the Council of Economic and Development Affairs of Saudi Arabia, the country aims to reduce its dependency on oil and promote renewable energy for domestic power generation. Among the sustainable energy resources, solar energy is one of the leading resources because of the endowment of Saudi Arabia with plentiful sunlight exposure and year‐round clear skies. This essentializes to forecast and simulate solar irradiance, in particular global horizontal irradiance (GHI), as accurately as possible, mainly to be utilized by the power system operators among many others. Motivated by a dataset of hourly solar GHIs, this article proposes a model for short‐term point forecast and simulation of GHIs. Two key points, that make our model competent, are: (1) the consideration of the strong dependency of GHIs on aerosol optical depths and (2) the identification of the periodic correlation structure or cyclostationarity of GHIs. The proposed model is shown to produce better forecasts and more realistic simulations than a classical model, which fails to recognize the GHI data as cyclostationary. Further, simulated samples from both the models as well as the original GHI data are used to calculate the corresponding photovoltaic power outputs to provide a comprehensive comparison among them.
Navigating Performance Standards for Face Mask Materials: A Custom‐Built Apparatus for Measuring Particle Filtration Efficiency
Authors: LaRue Ryan J. , Morkus Patrick , Laengert Scott , Rassenberg Sarah , Halali Mohamad Amin , Colenbrander John W. , Clase Catherine M. , Latulippe David R. , de Lannoy Charles‐François 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic health agencies have recommended the community use of face masks to reduce the transmission of airborne diseases like COVID‐19. Virus transmission is reduced when masks act as efficient filters, thus evaluating mask particle filtration efficiency (PFE) is essential. However, the high cost and long lead times associated with purchasing turn‐key PFE systems or hiring certified laboratories hampers the testing of filter materials. There is a clear need for “custom” PFE test systems; however, the variety of standards that prescribe (medical) face mask PFE testing (e.g., ASTM International, NIOSH) vary widely in their protocols and clarity of guidelines. Herein, the development is described of an “in‐house” PFE system and method for testing face masks in the context of current standards for medical masks. Pursuant to the ASTM International standards, the system uses an aerosol of latex spheres (0.1 µm nominal size) with particle concentrations upstream and downstream of the mask material measured using a laser particle analyzer. PFE measurements are obtained for a variety of common fabrics and medical masks. The approach described in this work conforms to the current standards for PFE testing while providing the flexibility to adapt to changing needs and filtration conditions.
Liquid metal with solvents for CO2 capture
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yu Yunsong , Zhou Chenyang , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Zaoxiao , Wang Geoff G.X. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) capture is an essential method for emission control. In CO2 capture, although with the promising advantage of industrial application, chemical absorption meets the challenge of substantial energy consumption. Thus, an advanced solvent with liquid metal GaInSn/PANI/TEMPO has been first developed to reduce the energy consumption. The intensified thermoelectric effect between GaInSn/PANI/TEMPO has the potential to enhance the CO2 desorption. Density functional theory (DFT) model and spherical mass transfer and energy transfer model in the nanoscale are developed to study the mass and energy transfer in CO2 and GaInSn/PANI/TEMPO. The CO2 fraction, electron density, and velocity in the nanodomain are studied. The symmetrical electron density zone is identified for the thermoelectric effect. The mass transfer coefficient is increased by twofolds. The thermoelectric conversion amount reaches 32.6–44.8% and the energy consumption is reduced to 1.07 GJ t−1. The CO2 desorption is finally proven to occur at temperature below 339 K. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy on pornography: A systematic review protocol of randomized clinical trial studies
Authors: Lotfi Aida , Babakhanin Masoudeh , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing rate of problematic pornography use (PPU) among the general population has risen. There are limited data on the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on online pornographic addiction; therefore, this study aimed at investigating the issue.MethodsSCOPUS, PubMed, PubPsych, WOS (Web of Science), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID) & Iranmedex, and other databases (for gray literature) (eg, conference papers, key journals) will be systematically reviewed. Preliminary search strategies were started on March 2, 2019, and will be updated in April 2021. Eligibility criteria were having PPU, with designs of interest including randomized trials with three or more months of follow‐up with CBT intervention. Two authors will independently conduct data extraction and quality assessment. A modified Verhagen checklist for clinical trial studies will be used for quality assessment. Pooled measures of association will be computed using random‐effects model meta‐analyses. Between‐study heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic and the Cochrane χ2 statistic. Minor study effects will be evaluated for meta‐analyses with sufficient studies using funnel plots and Egger's test. If a meta‐analysis is appropriate, quantitative data will be pooled using the comprehensive meta‐analysis software.DiscussionThe evidence obtained in this meta‐analysis will help to determine whether CBT can decrease PPU severity, anxiety, depression, and compulsive sexual behavior. In addition, due to the comprehensive view on CBT effects on PPU patients, which was not clarified before, we can expect that the results of this study will benefit psychiatrists.
Turbulent forced convection and entropy analysis of a nanofluid through a 3D 90° elbow using a two‐phase approach
Authors: Korei Zakaria , Benissaad Smail 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn a scenario characterized by a secondary flow called Dean's vortices, thermal and flow behavior analysis is examined. Forced convection of an Al2O3–water nanofluid through a three‐dimensional (3D) 90° elbow was analyzed numerically using a multiphase mixture model. Turbulence is taken into account by using the shear‐stress transportk–ωmodel. Also, entropy production is presented to obtain the optimized conditions. Simulation parameters consist of different Reynolds numbers (10,000100,000), nanoparticle volume fraction , nanoparticle diameter . The findings reveal that the increase in the and theRealong with a smallerdpdiscourages the appearance of Dean vortices in the flow. The pressure drop increases with the increase in the volume fraction and the decrease in the nanoparticles' diameter. The highestNuMis observed at for . Significant heat transfer rates are observed near the outer wall. The minimum total entropy production is obtained atRe = 100,000 for and .
Impact of Soret and Dufour on MHD mixed convective flow of non‐Newtonian fluid over a coagulated surface
Authors: Buruju Ramoorthy Reddy , Kempannagari Anantha Kumar , Bujula Ramadevi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the steady, two‐dimensional mixed convective stagnation point flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid due to stretching of a variable thicked surface in the attendance of viscous dissipation. The flow is incompressible and laminar. The combined heat and mass transfer features are investigated. Convective and diffusion conditions are considered. The nonlinear thermal radiation, thermo‐diffusion, and diffusion thermal effects are considered. The governing partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate similarity transformations. The obtained nonlinear and coupled ordinary differential equations are elucidated numerically using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta based shooting technique. The influence of various nondimensional parameters on the flow field like velocity, microrotation, temperature, and concentration is examined with the assistance of graphs. Results indicate that the Dufour number has a proclivity to increase the distributions of concentration and temperature correspondingly. Also, fluid temperature and concentration enhance for increasing values of the wall thickness parameter.
Comparative analysis of the association between various serum vitamin D biomarkers and sarcopenia
Authors: Yoo Jun‐Il , Chung Hye Jin , Kim Bo Gyu , Jung Youn‐Kwan , Baek Kyung‐Wan , Song Myung‐Geun , Cho Min‐Chul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D status is associated with muscle strength and maintenance of muscle fibers. However, which serum vitamin D biomarker better reflects sarcopenia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between various serum vitamin D biomarkers (total 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], bioavailable 25(OH)D, 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and vitamin D metabolite ratio [VMR]) and sarcopenia.MethodsThe data for 83 hip fracture patients were finally included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Measurements of 24,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D were made using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and subsequent liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) concentration was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The VMR was calculated by dividing serum 24,25(OH)2D by serum 25(OH)D and then multiplying by 100. Based on total 25(OH)D, VDBP, and albumin concentrations, bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations were calculated using the equations from the other previous studies.ResultsBioavailable 25(OH)D levels were significantly (p = 0.030) decreased in the sarcopenia group compared with the non‐sarcopenia group. Results of ROC analysis for the diagnosis of sarcopenia using serum level of bioavailable of 25(OH)D revealed that the cutoff point for bioavailable 25(OH)D was 1.70 ng/ml (AUC = 0.649, p < 0.001). In the group with a bioavailable 25(OH)D less than 1.70 ng/ml, the incidence of sarcopenia increased by 3.3 times (odds ratio: 3.33, p = 0.013).ConclusionWe demonstrated that bioavailable 25(OH)D was associated with sarcopenia among the various serum vitamin D biomarkers. Bioavailable vitamin D might be helpful for assessing the risk of sarcopenia.