bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of nutrition status and hospital‐acquired infections in older adult orthopedic trauma patients
Authors: Rong Anni , Franco‐Garcia Esteban , Zhou Carmen , Heng Marilyn , Akeju Oluwaseun , Azocar Ruben J. , Quraishi Sadeq A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is linked to suboptimal outcomes following elective surgery. Trauma patients do not typically have an opportunity for preoperative nutrition optimization and may be at risk for malnutrition. Our goal was to investigate whether nutrition status is associated with development of hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data between January 1, 2017, and August 30, 2018, from the Massachusetts General Hospital Geriatric Inpatient Fracture Trauma Service. Admission nutrition status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and HAIs were validated through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. To investigate whether nutrition status is associated with HAIs, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, glomerular filtration rate, and type of anesthesia.ResultsFour hundred sixty‐one patients comprised the analytic cohort. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that each unit increment in MNA score was associated with a 13% reduction in risk of HAI (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97). Furthermore, adjusting for timing of perioperative antibiotics, perioperative transfusions, or development of pressure injury during hospitalization did not materially change these results.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that malnutrition is highly prevalent in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients and that nutrition status may influence the risk of developing HAIs in this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether optimizing perioperative nutrition in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients can reduce infectious complications and improve overall health outcomes.
Pannexin‐1 channel regulates nuclear content packaging into apoptotic bodies and their size
Authors: Phan Thanh Kha , Fonseka Pamali , Tixeira Rochelle , Pathan Mohashin , Ang Ching‐Seng , Ozkocak Dilara Ceyda , Mathivanan Suresh , Poon Ivan Ka Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), which are large extracellular vesicles exclusively released by apoptotic cells, possess therapeutically exploitable properties including biomolecule loadability and transferability. However, current limited understanding of ApoBD biology has hindered its exploration for clinical use. Particularly, as ApoBD‐accompanying cargoes (e.g., nucleic acids and proteins) have major influence on their functionality, further insights into the mechanism of biomolecule sorting into ApoBDs are critical to unleash their therapeutic potential. Previous studies suggested pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel, a negative regulator of ApoBD biogenesis, can modify synaptic vesicle contents. We also reported that trovafloxacin (a PANX1 inhibitor) increases proportion of ApoBDs containing DNA. Therefore, we sought to define the role of PANX1 in regulating the sorting of nuclear content into ApoBDs. Here, using flow cytometry and label‐free quantitative proteomic analyses, we showed that targeting PANX1 activity during apoptosis, via either pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption, resulted in enrichment of both DNA and nuclear proteins in ApoBDs that were unexpectedly smaller in size. Our data suggest that PANX1, besides being a key regulator of ApoBD formation, also functions as a negative regulator of nuclear content packaging and modulator of ApoBD size. Together, our findings provide further insights into ApoBD biology and form a novel conceptual framework for ApoBD‐based therapies through pharmacologically manipulating ApoBD contents.
Yoga for depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Maria , Pascoe Michaela C. , Yang Guoyan , de Manincor Michael , Grant Suzanne , Lacey Judith , Firth Joseph , Sarris Jerome 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveCancer and its treatment can lead to a variety of physical and emotional concerns impacting on those affected, including subclinical or clinical depression and anxiety, which in turn have a significant impact on wellbeing, quality of life and survival. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of yoga‐based interventions on self‐reported depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer in randomized controlled trials.MethodSix databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Systematic review procedures were followed including a quality assessment. Meta‐analysis of suitable studies was conducted.Results26 studies from our search criteria were eligible for inclusion for depressive and 16 for anxiety symptoms. Meta‐analyses revealed evidence for significant medium effects of yoga on depression symptoms (N = 1,486, g = −0.419, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.558 to −0.281, p < 0.001) and anxiety (N = 977, g = −0.347, 95% CI = −0.473 to −0.221, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Subgroup analyses for depressive symptoms revealed significant effects for all analyses performed (type of cancer, type of control, treatment status, duration of intervention or frequency of yoga sessions), with effect sizes being comparable between subgroups. Similar findings were found for anxiety symptoms except for treatment status, where the only significant effect was found when yoga was delivered during active treatment.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence that in people with cancer, yoga‐based interventions are associated with amelioration of depression and anxiety symptoms and therefore a promising therapeutic modality for their management. However, the potential for risk of bias together with control group design challenges means the results should be interpreted with caution.
Changes in clinical trials of endocrine disorder and metabolism and nutrition disorder drugs in mainland China over 2010–2019
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Suqin , Sun Jian , Ni Suiqin , Lu Laichun , Hu Wei , Wei Hua , Zou Yanqin , Li Ting , Li Jintong , Mijiti Bugela , Fang PingFei , Zhao Limei , Zhou Huan , Xing Xiaoming , Niu Haitao , Cao Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the improvements in relevant policies, laws, and regulations regarding drug clinical trials in China, the quantity and quality of drug clinical trials have gradually improved, and the development prospects of drug clinical trials for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders are promising. Based on information from the clinical trials from the online drug clinical trial registration platform of the National Medical Products Administration, we aimed to review and evaluate the development of clinical trials of drugs for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders in mainland China from 2010 to 2019, as well as the trends over time. A total of 861 trials were carried out on 254 types of drugs for endocrine disorders and metabolism and nutrition disorders, among which 531 (61.67%) involved endocrine disorders, and 330 (38.33%) addressed metabolism and nutrition disorders. The annual number of clinical trials has been increasing gradually, with a significant increase in 2017. Among them, the proportion of clinical trials with Chinese epidemiological characteristics was relatively large (Wu, Annual Report on Development Health Management and Health Industry in China, 2018). The largest number of trials were for diabetes drugs (55.63%), followed by trials of drugs for hyperlipidemia (19.4%) and those for hyperuricemia (7.9%). It was found that the geographical area of the leading units also showed obvious unevenness according to the analysis of the test unit data. Based on the statistics and evaluation of the data, comprehensive information is provided to support the cooperation of global pharmaceutical R&D companies and research units in China and the development of international multicenter clinical trials in China. This work additionally provides clinical trial units with a self‐evaluation of scientific research competitiveness and hospital development strategies. At the same time, it provides a reference with basic data for sponsors and stakeholders in these trials to determine their development strategy goals.
The Defect Chemistry of Carbon Frameworks for Regulating the Lithium Nucleation and Growth Behaviors in Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Ma Xia‐Xia , Chen Xiang , Bai Yun‐Ke , Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon materials have been widely considered as the frameworks in lithium (Li) metal anodes due to their lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and large specific surface area. Various heteroatom‐doping strategies have been developed to enhance the lithiophilicity of carbon frameworks, thus rendering a uniform Li nucleation in working Li metal batteries. The corresponding lithiophilicity chemistry of doping sites has been comprehensively probed. However, various defects are inevitably introduced into carbon materials during synthesis and their critical role in regulating Li nucleation and growth behaviors is less understood. In this contribution, the defect chemistry of carbon materials in Li metal anodes is investigated through first‐principles calculations. The binding energy towards a Li atom and the critical current density are two key descriptors to reveal the defect chemistry of carbon materials. Consequently, a diagram of designing carbon frameworks with both high lithiophilicity and a large critical current density is built, from which the Stone–Wales defect is predicted to possess the best performance for delivering a uniform Li deposition. This work uncovers the defect chemistry of carbon frameworks and affords fruitful insights into defect engineering for achieving dendrite‐free Li metal anodes.
Note on entropy dynamics in the Brownian SYK model
Authors: Jian Shao-Kai , Swingle Brian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the time evolution of Rényi entropy in a system of two coupled Brownian SYK clusters evolving from an initial product state. The Rényi entropy of one cluster grows linearly and then saturates to the coarse grained entropy. This Page curve is obtained by two different methods, a path integral saddle point analysis and an operator dynamics analysis. Using the Brownian character of the dynamics, we derive a master equation which controls the operator dynamics and gives the Page curve for purity. Insight into the physics of this complicated master equation is provided by a complementary path integral method: replica diagonal and non-diagonal saddles are responsible for the linear growth and saturation of Ŕenyi entropy, respectively.
Warped AdS2 and SU(1, 1|4) symmetry in Type IIB
Authors: Corbino David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the existence of solutions with 16 supersymmetries to Type IIB supergravity on a spacetime of the form AdS2× S5× S1 warped over a two-dimensional Riemann surface Σ. The existence of the Lie superalgebra SU(1, 1|4) ⊂ PSU(2, 2|4), whose maximal bosonic subalgebra is SO(1, 2)⊕SO(6)⊕SO(2), motivates the search for half-BPS solutions with this isometry that are asymptotic to AdS5×S5. We reduce the BPS equations to the Ansatz for the bosonic fields and supersymmetry generators compatible with these symmetries, then show that the only non-trivial solution is the maximally supersymmetric solution AdS5× S5. We argue that this implies that no solutions exist for fully back-reacted D7 probe or D7/D3 intersecting branes whose near-horizon limit is of the form AdS2× S5× S1× Σ.
A New “λ2” Term for the Spalart–Allmaras Turbulence Model, Active in Axisymmetric Flows
Authors: Spalart Philippe R. , Garbaruk Andrey V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe new term belongs in the “basic,” free-shear-flow part of the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model, and extends an idea of the Secundov team, incorporated in the νt-92 model. It detects transverse curvature in the distribution of the eddy viscosity $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

, so that it is passive in two-dimensional thin shear flows but potent especially in round jets. It eliminates the large over-prediction of the growth rate of such jets by the SA model, first detected by Birch in 1993. The originality is that the term is proportional to the middle eigenvalue λ2 of the Hessian operator of $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

. This is of course an empirical concept, but it is discriminating and rises when the distance r from the cylindrical axis becomes comparable with the length scale δ of the variations in the r direction. The inverted parabola is a prime example of such a distribution, and not unlike the $$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

distribution in the round jet. The quantity λ2 is not infinitely differentiable, but it is free of singularities, and unlike the νt-92 version, is not dependent on two large quantities cancelling. The core term added to the Lagrangian derivative $$ D\tilde{\nu }/Dt $$

D

ν
~

/
D
t

is simply cb3 λ2$$ \tilde{\nu } $$

ν
~

, where cb3 is a new constant. The computing cost of calculating and ordering the eigenvalues is moderate. We have no proof of well-posedness for the new equation set, but the evidence so far is favorable, both in structured and unstructured grids. The λ2 term is calibrated on a fully-developed round jet, and tested in nine other cases, either 2D flows or flows in which r » δ, finding that in the latter it is negligible as expected. This is although the cb3 constant is rather large, namely 6. The λ2 term is not strong enough to make a mature vortex fully relaminarize as would be desirable, but the eddy viscosity drops by 74%. The raw λ2 term reduces the eddy viscosity in pipe flow, where that is detrimental; therefore, in the final model, it is multiplied by a function of the rSA parameter of the SA model, which is a measure of wall proximity. The λ2 term appears to be a safe addition to the SA model, and its application in different codes and to a variety of flows to be desirable.
Exploring the acceptance of telehealth within palliative care: A self-determination theory perspective
Authors: Keenan Joseph , Rahman Rachel , Hudson Joanne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to explore potential divergence and convergence in relation to health care professionals’ and patients’ acceptability of the use of telehealth within palliative care provision through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. The research utilized a deductive qualitative approach utilizing semi-structured interviews to explore divergence and convergence between health care professionals’ preconceptions of the use of telehealth in palliative care and the lived experiences of patients accessing support in this manner. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both professionals and patients to explore whether the barriers and benefits of telehealth perceived by professionals corresponded to the patient’s lived experience of utilizing the technology in their palliative care. Interviews were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis. Professionals and patients identified that the use of telehealth could satisfy the need for autonomy, however this manifested in different ways. Greater divergence was apparent between patient and professional perceptions about how telehealth could satisfy the need for relatedness and competence needs. The findings of this paper highlight how professionals preconceived concerns about the use of telehealth in relation to providing supportive palliative care may not be realized when exploring the experiences of patients accessing services through this medium. This paper highlights the important role of psychological need satisfaction when considering acceptability of telehealth, and motivation to engage in the implementation of technologically driven health services.
Fuzzy machine learning approach for transitioned building footprints extraction using dual-sensor temporal data
Authors: Hamde Narayan Shankar , Kumar Anil , Maithani Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents a fuzzy approach, for detection of transitioned building footprints in urban area using medium resolution datasets. Multi-temporal remote sensing data sets from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Sentinel-2A were used for generation of temporal indices database. The database was generated using class-based sensor independent-normalized difference vegetation index approach, with an aim to reduce spectral dimensionality of each image and maintain temporal dimensionality. The temporal indices database was subsequently used as input in Modified Possibilistic c-means classifier for transitioned building footprints extraction. The identified transitioned building locations were validated using ground samples as well as from Google images at four different test sites. For accuracy assessment, F-measure was calculated and its value was 0.75 or higher for all training and testing sites. Thus, using proposed fuzzy approach, transitioned building footprints were accurately identified compared to traditional techniques.
Long-term effect of parental selenium supplementation on the one-carbon metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry exposed to hypoxic stress
Authors: Wischhusen Pauline , Heraud Cécile , Skjærven Kaja , Kaushik Sadasivam J. , Fauconneau Benoit , Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip , Fontagné-Dicharry Stéphanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated how different forms of selenium (Se) supplementation into rainbow trout broodstock diets modified the one-carbon metabolism of the progeny after the beginning of exogenous feeding and followed by hypoxia challenge. The progeny of three groups of rainbow trout broodstock fed either a control diet (Se level: 0·3 µg/g) or a diet supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) or organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) was cross-fed with diets of similar Se composition for 11 weeks. Offspring were sampled either before or after being subjected to an acute hypoxic stress (1·7 mg/l dissolved oxygen) for 30 min. In normoxic fry, parental Se supplementation allowed higher glutathione levels compared with fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Parental hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment also increased cysteine and cysteinyl–glycine concentrations in fry. Dietary Se supplementation decreased glutamate–cysteine ligase (cgl) mRNA levels. Hydroxy-selenomethionine feeding also lowered the levels of some essential free amino acids in muscle tissue. Supplementation of organic Se to parents and fry reduced betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (bhmt) expression in fry. The hypoxic stress decreased whole-body homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and glutathione levels. Together with the higher mRNA levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs), a transsulphuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulphuration might have been impaired by depletion of a glutathione precursor. In stressed fry, S-adenosylmethionine levels were significantly decreased, but S-adenosylhomocysteine remained stable. Decreased bhmt and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1a (amd1a) mRNA levels in stressed fry suggest a nutritional programming by parental Se also on methionine metabolism of rainbow trout.
Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program
Authors: Oguoma Victor M. , Coffee Neil T. , Alsharrah Saad , Abu-Farha Mohamed , Al-Refaei Faisal H. , Alkandari Abdullah , Al-Mulla Fahd , Daniel Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.
An acoustic study of quasi-phonemic vowels in Ampenan Sasak
Authors: Pappas Leah 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn a variety of Sasak called Ampenan Sasak in this paper, traditional documentation and analytical methods based on auditory perception reveal allophonic patterns in alternations of height among mid-vowels. High mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in [ʔ] or no-coda (e.g. [tokoʔ] ‘fish species native to Lombok’) while low mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in all other consonants (e.g. [tɔkɔl] ‘to sit’). However, words deviate from these patterns in several minimal pairs (e.g. [bəɾəmbok] ‘to discuss’ and [bəɾəmbɔk] ‘to breathe’) and in some borrowings (e.g. [agostos] ‘August’), suggesting a quasi-phonemic status for back mid-vowels; they behave like both phonemes and allophones. This study analyzes the phonetic properties of mid-vowels through an acoustic analysis of the F1 and F2 of 2,448 vowel tokens. Results suggest that mid-vowels are largely predictable among non-borrowed vocabulary. In final syllables, syllable openness serves as a predictor for the height of mid-vowels. In pre-final syllables, syllable openness has no effect on the height of the vowel. Rather, the height of pre-final mid-vowels is predictable based on the height of the final-syllable vowel. In consideration of both elicitation and acoustic evidence, this paper adopts a descriptive approach by stating that Ampenan Sasak back mid-vowels are largely predictable, with some exceptions. Further, the paper questions whether all sounds must be identified as a ‘phoneme’ or an ‘allophone’ and argues that quasi-phonemic segments are a valuable intermediate descriptor for both phonological theory and language documentation.