bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde autologous priming in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , McEwen Charlotte , Basha Ameen , Panchal Puru , Eqbal Adam , Wu Nicole , Belley-Cote Emilie P , Whitlock Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOBJECTIVESGuidelines recommend retrograde autologous priming (RAP) of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. However, the efficacy and safety of RAP is not well-established. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of RAP on transfusion requirements, morbidity and mortality.METHODSWe searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, ScienceDirect, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing RAP to no-RAP. We performed title and abstract review, full-text screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently and in duplicate. We pooled data using a random effects model.RESULTSTwelve RCTs (n = 1206) and 17 observational studies (n = 3565) were included. Fewer patients required blood transfusions with RAP [RCTs; risk ratio 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 0.65], P &lt; 0.001, and observational studies; risk ratio 0.65 [95% CI: 0.53, 0.80], P &lt; 0.001]. The number of units transfused per patient was also lower among patients who underwent RAP (RCTs; mean difference −0.38 unit [95% CI: −0.72, −0.04], P = 0.03, and observational studies; mean difference −1.03 unit [95% CI: −1.76, −0.29], P &lt; 0.006).CONCLUSIONSThis meta-analysis supports the use of RAP as a blood conservation strategy since its use during cardiopulmonary bypass appears to reduce transfusion requirements.
Variants in SARS-CoV-2 associated with mild or severe outcome
Authors: Voss Jameson D , Skarzynski Martin , McAuley Erin M , Maier Ezekiel J , Gibbons Thomas , Fries Anthony C , Chapleau Richard R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency causing a disparate burden of death and disability around the world. The viral genetic variants associated with outcome severity are still being discovered.MethodsWe downloaded 155 958 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from GISAID. Of these genomes, 3637 samples included useable metadata on patient outcomes. Using this subset, we evaluated whether SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic variants improved prediction of reported severity beyond age and region. First, we established whether including genomic variants as model features meaningfully increased the predictive power of our model. Next, we evaluated specific variants in order to determine the magnitude of association with severity and the frequency of these variants among SARS-CoV-2 genomes.ResultsLogistic regression models that included viral genomic variants outperformed other models (area under the curve = 0.91 as compared with 0.68 for age and gender alone; P &lt; 0.001). We found 84 variants with odds ratios greater than 2 for outcome severity (17 and 67 for higher and lower severity, respectively). The median frequency of associated variants was 0.15% (interquartile range 0.09–0.45%). Altogether 85% of genomes had at least one variant associated with patient outcome.ConclusionNumerous SARS-CoV-2 variants have 2-fold or greater association with odds of mild or severe outcome and collectively, these variants are common. In addition to comprehensive mitigation efforts, public health measures should be prioritized to control the more severe manifestations of COVID-19 and the transmission chains linked to these severe cases.Lay summary: This study explores which, if any, SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic variants are associated with mild or severe COVID-19 patient outcomes. Our results suggest that there are common genomic variants in SARS-CoV-2 that are more often associated with negative patient outcomes, which may impact downstream public health measures.
Thin-cap fibroatheroma predicts clinical events in diabetic patients with normal fractional flow reserve: the COMBINE OCT–FFR trial
Authors: Kedhi Elvin , Berta Balazs , Roleder Tomasz , Hermanides Renicus S , Fabris Enrico , IJsselmuiden Alexander J J , Kauer Floris , Alfonso Fernando , von Birgelen Clemens , Escaned Javier , Camaro Cyril , Kennedy Mark W , Pereira Bruno , Magro Michael , Nef Holger , Reith Sebastian , Al Nooryani Arif , Rivero Fernando , Malinowski Krzysztof , De Luca Giuseppe , Garcia Garcia Hector , Granada Juan F , Wojakowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to understand the impact of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-detected thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) on clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with fractional flow reserve (FFR)-negative lesions.Methods and resultsCOMBINE OCT-FFR study was a prospective, double-blind, international, natural history study. After FFR assessment, and revascularization of FFR-positive lesions, patients with ≥1 FFR-negative lesions (target lesions) were classified in two groups based on the presence or absence of ≥1 TCFA lesion. The primary endpoint compared FFR-negative TCFA-positive patients with FFR-negative TCFA-negative patients for a composite of cardiac mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, clinically driven target lesion revascularization or unstable angina requiring hospitalization at 18 months. Among 550 patients enrolled, 390 (81%) patients had ≥1 FFR-negative lesions. Among FFR-negative patients, 98 (25%) were TCFA positive and 292 (75%) were TCFA negative. The incidence of the primary endpoint was 13.3% and 3.1% in TCFA-positive vs. TCFA-negative groups, respectively (hazard ratio 4.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–10.89; P &lt; 0.001). The Cox regression multivariable analysis identified TCFA as the strongest predictor of major adverse clinical events (MACE) (hazard ratio 5.12; 95% confidence interval 2.12–12.34; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsAmong DM patients with ≥1 FFR-negative lesions, TCFA-positive patients represented 25% of this population and were associated with a five-fold higher rate of MACE despite the absence of ischaemia. This discrepancy between the impact of vulnerable plaque and ischaemia on future adverse events may represent a paradigm shift for coronary artery disease risk stratification in DM patients.
Inhibition of iduronic acid biosynthesis by ebselen reduces glycosaminoglycan accumulation in mucopolysaccharidosis type I fibroblasts
Authors: Maccarana Marco , Tykesson Emil , Pera Edgar M , Gouignard Nadège , Fang Jianping , Malmström Anders , Ghiselli Giancarlo , Li Jin-ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which removes iduronic acid in both chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) and thereby contributes to the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To ameliorate this genetic defect, the patients are currently treated by enzyme replacement and bone marrow transplantation, which have a number of drawbacks. This study was designed to develop an alternative treatment by inhibition of iduronic acid formation. By screening the Prestwick drug library, we identified ebselen as a potent inhibitor of enzymes that produce iduronic acid in CS/DS and HS. Ebselen efficiently inhibited iduronic acid formation during CS/DS synthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Treatment of MPS-I fibroblasts with ebselen not only reduced accumulation of CS/DS but also promoted GAG degradation. In early Xenopus embryos, this drug phenocopied the effect of downregulation of DS-epimerase 1, the main enzyme responsible for iduronic production in CS/DS, suggesting that ebselen inhibits iduronic acid production in vivo. However, ebselen failed to ameliorate the CS/DS and GAG burden in MPS-I mice. Nevertheless, the results propose a potential of iduronic acid substrate reduction therapy for MPS-I patients.
Stress modulates Ahi1-dependent nuclear localization of ten-eleven translocation protein 2
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Qicheng , Wang Junjie , Miao Zhigang , Li Ziyi , Zhao Yuwen , Wan Bo , Allen Emily G , Sun Miao , Jin Peng , Xu Xingshun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Major depression disorder is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. Recent evidence supports that environmental stress affects gene expression and promotes the pathological process of depression through epigenetic mechanisms. Three ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that promote 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification of genes. Here, we show that the loss of Tet2 can induce depression-like phenotypes in mice. Paradoxically, using the paradigms of chronic stress, such as chronic mild stress and chronic social defeat stress, we found that depressive behaviors were associated with increased Tet2 expression but decreased global 5hmC level in hippocampus. We examined the genome-wide 5hmC profile in the hippocampus of Tet2 knockout mice and identified 651 dynamically hydroxymethylated regions, some of which overlapped with known depression-associated loci. We further showed that chronic stress could induce the abnormal nuclear translocation of Tet2 protein from cytosol. Through Tet2 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analyses, we identified a cellular trafficking protein, Abelson helper integration site-1 (Ahi1), which could interact with Tet2 protein. Ahi1 knockout or knockdown caused the accumulation of Tet2 in cytosol. The reduction of Ahi1 protein under chronic stress explained the abnormal Ahi1-dependent nuclear translocation of Tet2. These findings together provide the evidence for a critical role of modulating Tet2 nuclear translocation in regulating stress response.
Excess respiratory mortality and hospitalizations associated with influenza in Australia, 2007–2015
Authors: Leung Vivian K Y , Wong Jessica Y , Barnes Roseanne , Kelso Joel , Milne George J , Blyth Christopher C , Cowling Benjamin J , Moore Hannah C , Sullivan Sheena G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Influenza is the most common vaccine-preventable disease in Australia, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We assessed the burden of influenza across all ages in terms of influenza-associated mortality and hospitalizations using national mortality, hospital-discharge and influenza surveillance data.

Methods
Influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality and hospitalization rates from 2007 to 2015 were estimated using generalized additive models with a proxy of influenza activity based on syndromic and laboratory surveillance data. Estimates were made for each age group and year.

Results
The estimated mean annual influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality was 2.6 per 100 000 population [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8, 3.4 per 100 000 population]. The excess annual respiratory hospitalization rate was 57.4 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 32.5, 82.2 per 100 000 population). The highest mortality rates were observed among those aged ≥75 years (35.11 per 100 000 population; 95% CI: 19.93, 50.29 per 100 000 population) and hospitalization rates were also highest among older adults aged ≥75 years (302.95 per 100 000 population; 95% CI: 144.71, 461.19 per 100 000 population), as well as children aged &lt;6 months (164.02 per 100 000 population; 95% CI: –34.84, 362.88 per 100 000 population). Annual variation was apparent, ranging from 1.0 to 3.9 per 100 000 population for mortality and 24.2 to 94.28 per 100 000 population for hospitalizations. Influenza A contributed to almost 80% of the average excess respiratory hospitalizations and 60% of the average excess respiratory deaths.

Conclusions
Influenza causes considerable burden to all Australians. Expected variation was observed among age groups, years and influenza type, with the greatest burden falling to older adults and young children. Understanding the current burden is useful for understanding the potential impact of mitigation strategies, such as vaccination.
Consequences of Economic Sanctions: The State of the Art and Paths Forward
Authors: Özdamar Özgür , Shahin Evgeniia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
What determines the consequences of economic sanctions? Is there a common explanation for these consequences? This article provides a comprehensive review of the fragmented literature focusing on the consequences of sanctions. We critically discuss the complex relationships between types of sanctions and sanction senders and their targets, as well as the structural factors that account for the specific consequences of different sanction cases. A discussion on the thematic, methodological, and theoretical shortcomings of the existing literature on sanction consequences follows. We argue that a “common approach” to sanction consequences research should be framed within the framework of international interdependence. We also present several nascent trends and propose new directions for sanction researchers and other disciplines.
Species Delimitation of Scavenger Flies in the Valley of Mexico
Authors: Pedraza-Lara Carlos , Garduño-Sánchez Marco A , Téllez-García Isabel , Rodríguez-González Stephany , Nuple-Juárez Eduardo , Guardado-Estrada Mariano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentification of species involved in cadaveric decomposition, such as scavenger Diptera, is a fundamental step for the use of entomological evidence in court. Identification based on morphology is widely used in forensic cases; however, taxonomic knowledge of scavenger fauna is poor for many groups and for many countries, particularly Neotropical ones. A number of studies have documented the utility of a DNA barcoding strategy to assist in the identification of poorly known and diverse groups, particularly in cases involving immature states or fragmented organisms. To provide baseline knowledge of the diversity of scavenger Diptera in the Valley of Mexico, we generated a DNA barcode collection comprised of sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for all families sampled at a nature reserve located in this region. We collected and identified specimens on the basis of morphology and a species delimitation analysis. Our analyses of 339 individuals delineated 42 species distributed across nine families of Diptera. The richest families were Calliphoridae (9 species), Sarcophagidae (7 species), and Phoridae (6 species). We found many of the species previously recorded for the Valley of Mexico, plus 18 new records for the region. Our study highlights the utility of DNA barcoding as a first-step strategy to assess species richness of poorly studied scavenger fly taxa.
Solo dwarfs IV: comparing and contrasting satellite and isolated dwarf galaxies in the Local Group
Authors: Higgs C R , McConnachie A W 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We compare and contrast the stellar structures of isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies, as traced by their oldest stellar populations, with the satellite dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way and M 31. All Local Group dwarfs with Mv ≤ −6 and μo &lt; 26.5 mag arcsec−2 are considered, taking advantage of measurements from surveys that use similar observations and analysis techniques. For the isolated dwarfs, we use the results from Solitary Local (Solo) Dwarf Galaxy Survey. We begin by confirming that the structural and dynamical properties of the two satellite populations are not obviously statistically different from each other, but we note that there many more satellites around M 31 than around the Milky Way down to equivalent magnitude and surface brightness limits. We find that dwarfs in close proximity to a massive galaxy generally show more scatter in their Kormendy relations than those in isolation. Specifically, isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies show a tighter trend of half-light radius versus magnitude than the satellite populations, and similar effects are also seen for related parameters. There appears to be a transition in the structural and dynamical properties of the dwarf galaxy population around ∼400 kpc from the Milky Way and M 31, such that the smallest, faintest, and most circular dwarf galaxies are found closer than this separation. We discuss the impact of selection effects on our analysis, and we argue that our results point to the significance of tidal interactions on the population of systems within approximately 400 kpc from the Milky Way and M 31.
The connection between star formation and supermassive black hole activity in the local Universe
Authors: Torbaniuk O , Paolillo M , Carrera F , Cavuoti S , Vignali C , Longo G , Aird J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the nuclear (AGN) activity in the local Universe (z &lt; 0.33) and its correlation with the host galaxy properties, derived from a Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample with spectroscopic star-formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass determination. To quantify the level of AGN activity we used the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue. Applying multiwavelength selection criteria (optical BPT-diagrams, X-ray/optical ratio etc), we found that 24 per cent of the detected sources are efficiently-accreting AGN with moderate-to-high X-ray luminosity, twice as likely to be hosted by star-forming galaxies than by quiescent ones. The distribution of the specific Black Hole accretion rate (λsBHAR) shows that nuclear activity in local, non-AGN dominated galaxies peaks at very low accretion rates (−4 ≲ log λsBHAR ≲ −3) in all stellar mass ranges. We observe systematically larger values of λsBHAR for galaxies with active star formation than for quiescent ones, and an increase of the mean λsBHAR with SFR for both star-forming and quiescent galaxies. These finding confirm the decrease in AGN activity with cosmic time and are consistent with a scenario where both star-formation and AGN activity are fuelled by a common gas reservoir.
Gender Aware Music Therapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Besse Cassidy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the influence of gender on music therapy practice through the experiences and perceptions of gender aware music therapists (GAMTs). Participants (N = 5) included five board-certified music therapists or equivalent who have published scholarly literature on topics related to gender and music therapy. Participants shared their experiences in semistructured individual interviews; interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Six major themes emerged: (a) GAMTs recognize how socialization produces binary music participation, which is often perpetuated in music therapy practice; (b) GAMTs share the belief that gender roles and expectations create exclusive music practices that may restrict and limit musical expression and participation; (c) GAMTs create therapeutic spaces that encourage authentic music engagement by thoughtfully accepting and/or rejecting established gender stereotypes prevalent in music culture; (d) GAMTs suggest that gender is a marker of identity, which may or may not affect how the therapeutic relationship develops between music therapy clients and clinicians; (e) GAMTs utilize theories and therapeutic approaches that influence their music therapy research and practice; and (f) GAMTs recommend that practicing music therapists recognize their personal biases, develop a heightened awareness for how gender influences society, and actively pursue an inclusive practice that does not assume gender. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are discussed.
Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of meningiomas with distant metastases at presentation
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Ngo Tam N M , Dunn Ian F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Distant metastases (DM) at presentation in meningiomas is a very rare event, and the incidence and factors predicting this are uncertain. This population-based study also aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of DM at presentation and clinical parameters to prognosticate the overall survival (OS) of meningiomas presenting with DM (M1).

Methods
We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to search for patients who were diagnosed with meningioma between 2004 and 2016. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression model was utilized to evaluate the prognostic parameters of meningiomas with DM at presentation.

Results
The incidence of DM at presentation among all meningiomas was 0.18%. Clinical variables associated with this event were male gender, large tumor size, and WHO grade III. The presence of DM at diagnosis conferred a shorter survival in comparison to those without DM (HR = 2.015; 95% CI = 1.600–2.536). Older patient age, male gender, malignant histology, and the lesser extent of resection were independent prognostic factors that could negatively impact OS of M1 meningiomas. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not associated with an improved outcome for these patients.

Conclusion
Our study highlighted the clinical and prognostic factors of M1 meningiomas. These data suggest that a greater extent of resection is associated with increased OS across a nationwide analysis and emphasize the need to establish the standards of care in these patients.
Necessity for craniospinal irradiation of germinoma with positive cytology without spinal lesion on MR imaging—A controversy
Authors: Kanamori Masayuki , Takami Hirokazu , Suzuki Tomonari , Tominaga Teiji , Kurihara Jun , Tanaka Shota , Hatazaki Seiji , Nagane Motoo , Matsuda Masahide , Yoshino Atsuo , Natsumeda Manabu , Yamaoka Masayoshi , Kagawa Naoki , Akiyama Yukinori , Fukai Junya , Negoto Tetsuya , Shibahara Ichiyo , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Inoue Akihiro , Mase Mitsuhiro , Tomita Takahiro , Kuga Daisuke , Kijima Noriyuki , Fukami Tadateru , Nakahara Yukiko , Natsume Atsushi , Yoshimoto Koji , Keino Dai , Tokuyama Tsutomu , Asano Kenichiro , Ujifuku Kenta , Abe Hiroshi , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Matsuda Ken-ichiro , Arakawa Yoshiki , Ikeda Naokado , Narita Yoshitaka , Shinojima Naoki , Kambe Atsushi , Nonaka Masahiko , Izumoto Shuichi , Kawanishi Yu , Kanaya Kohei , Nomura Sadahiro , Nakajima Kohei , Yamamoto Shohei , Terashima Keita , Ichimura Koichi , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and spinal MR imaging are routinely performed for staging before treatment of intracranial germinoma. However, the interpretation of the results of CSF cytology poses 2 unresolved clinical questions: (1) Does positive CSF cytology correlate with the presence of spinal lesion before treatment? and (2) Is craniospinal irradiation (CSI) necessary for patients with positive CSF cytology in the absence of spinal lesion?

Methods
Multicenter retrospective analyses were performed based on a questionnaire on clinical features, spinal MR imaging finding, results of CSF cytology, treatments, and outcomes which was sent to 86 neurosurgical and 35 pediatrics departments in Japan. Pretreatment frequencies of spinal lesion on MR imaging were compared between the patients with positive and negative cytology. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates were compared between patients with positive CSF cytology without spinal lesion on MR imaging treated with CSI and with whole brain or whole ventricular irradiation (non-CSI).

Results
A total of 92 germinoma patients from 45 institutes were evaluated by both CSF cytology and spinal MR images, but 26 patients were excluded because of tumor markers, the timing of CSF sampling or incomplete estimation of spinal lesion. Of the remaining 66 germinoma patients, spinal lesions were equally identified in patients with negative CSF cytology and positive cytology (4.9% and 8.0%, respectively). Eleven patients treated with non-CSI had excellent PFS comparable to 11 patients treated with CSI.

Conclusion
CSI is unnecessary for germinoma patients with positive CSF cytology without spinal lesions on MR imaging.