bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for large scale MRI-based morphological phenotyping of osteoarthritis
Authors: Namiri Nikan K. , Lee Jinhee , Astuto Bruno , Liu Felix , Shah Rutwik , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) develops through heterogenous pathophysiologic pathways. As a result, no regulatory agency approved disease modifying OA drugs are available to date. Stratifying knees into MRI-based morphological phenotypes may provide insight into predicting future OA incidence, leading to improved inclusion criteria and efficacy of therapeutics. We trained convolutional neural networks to classify bone, meniscus/cartilage, inflammatory, and hypertrophy phenotypes in knee MRIs from participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 4791). We investigated cross-sectional association between baseline morphological phenotypes and baseline structural OA (Kellgren Lawrence grade > 1) and symptomatic OA. Among participants without baseline OA, we evaluated association of baseline phenotypes with 48-month incidence of structural OA and symptomatic OA. The area under the curve of bone, meniscus/cartilage, inflammatory, and hypertrophy phenotype neural network classifiers was 0.89 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.96 ± 0.02, and 0.93 ± 0.02, respectively (mean ± standard deviation). Among those with no baseline OA, bone phenotype (OR: 2.99 (95%CI: 1.59–5.62)) and hypertrophy phenotype (OR: 5.80 (95%CI: 1.82–18.5)) each respectively increased odds of developing incident structural OA and symptomatic OA at 48 months. All phenotypes except meniscus/cartilage increased odds of undergoing total knee replacement within 96 months. Artificial intelligence can rapidly stratify knees into structural phenotypes associated with incident OA and total knee replacement, which may aid in stratifying patients for clinical trials of targeted therapeutics.
Serum IGFBP-2 in systemic sclerosis as a prognostic factor of lung dysfunction
Authors: Guiot Julien , Njock Makon-Sébastien , André Béatrice , Gester Fanny , Henket Monique , de Seny Dominique , Moermans Catherine , Malaise Michel G. , Louis Renaud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease associated with rapid evolving interstitial lung disease (ILD), driving its mortality. Specific biomarkers associated with the progression of this lung disease are highly needed. We aimed to identify specific biomarkers of SSc-ILD to predict the evolution of the disease. For this, we compared prospectively serum levels of several biomarkers associated with lung fibrosis in SSc patients (n = 102), among which SSc-no ILD (n = 63) and SSc-ILD (n = 39), compared to healthy subjects (HS) (n = 39). We also performed a longitudinal study in a subgroup of 28 patients analyzing biomarkers variations and pulmonary function tests over a period of 2 years. Serum level of IGFBP-2 was significantly increased in SSc patients compared to HS, and negatively correlated with pulmonary function (assessed by carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO)) (r = − 0.29, p < 0.01). Two-year longitudinal analysis in a subgroup of 28 SSc patients determined that IGFBP-2 variation was positively correlated with KCO at 2-year follow-up (r = 0.6, p < 0.001). SSc patients with a lower variation of IGFBP-2 (less than 22%) presented significant deterioration of pulmonary function at 2-year follow-up (p < 0.01). ROC curve analysis enabled us to identify that baseline IGFBP-2 > 105 ng/ml was associated with a poor outcome (KCO < 70% predicted) at 2-year follow-up (AUC = 0.75, p < 0.05). We showed for the first time that serum levels of IGFBP-2 might be a prognostic factor of the development of SSc-ILD.
Alginate hydrogel beads embedded with drug-bearing polycaprolactone microspheres for sustained release of paclobutrazol
Authors: Mun Alexandra , Simaan Yameen Haneen , Edelbaum Giora , Seliktar Dror 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years there has been a growing demand for the development of agrochemical controlled release (CR) technologies. In the present study, we aimed to create a novel agricultural CR device using two polymeric systems that have been predominantly employed in biomedical applications: beads of alginate hydrogel embedded with drug-bearing Polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres. The combined device utilizes the advantages of each polymer type for biodegradation and controlled release of Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a common growth retardant in plants. Surface morphology of the alginate beads was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water immersion tests were performed for stability and controlled release measurements. Bioassays were performed both in accelerated laboratory conditions and in field conditions. The results showed a capability to control the size of PBZ-loaded PCL microspheres through modification of homogenization speed and emulsifier concentration. Enlargement of PCL microsphere size had an adverse effect on release of PBZ from the alginate device. The growth of oatmeal plants as a model system was affected by the controlled release of PBZ. The preliminary field experiment observed growth retardation during two consecutive rainy seasons, with results indicating a substantial benefit of the sustained growth inhibition through the controlled release formulation. The final product has the potential to be used as a carrier for different substances in the agrochemical industry.
White matter hyperintensity in different migraine subtypes
Authors: Dobrynina L. A. , Suslina A. D. , Gubanova M. V. , Belopasova A. V. , Sergeeva A. N. , Evers S. , Gnedovskaya E. V. , Krotenkova M. V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe diagnostic value of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in different types of migraineare unknown. To evaluate the WMH pattern of different subtypes in migraine patients with no vascular risk factors. 92 migraine patients (73 females, mean age 34.6 ± 8.9; 61 episodic migraine, 31 chronic migraine, 36 migraine with aura, 56 migraine without aura) without vascular risk factors underwent brain MRI (3 T). We also included a matched healthy control group with no migraine (n = 24). The prevalence of WMH in different types of migraine was similar and ranged from 38.7 to 44.4%; the control group showed no WMH at all. Lesions were located within frontal, parietal and temporal lobes (in order of decreasing incidence) in juxtacortical and/or deep white matter. WMH appeared as round or slightly elongated foci with a median size of 2.5 mm [1.5; 3]. Total number, size and prevalence of WMH by lobes and white matter regions were similar between groups, and no interaction with age or sex was found. The number of lesions within the frontal lobe juxtacortical white matter correlated with the age of patients (r = 0.331, p = 0.001) and the duration since migraine onset (r = 0.264, p = 0.012). Patients with different migraine subtypes and without vascular risk factors are characterized by a similar pattern of WMH in the absence of subclinical infarctions or microbleedings. Therefore, WMH have no relevant prognostic value regarding the course of migraine and vascular complications. WMH pattern may be used to differentiate migraine as a primary disorder and other disorders with migraine-like headache and WMH.
Splenic uptake on FDG PET/CT correlates with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease severity
Authors: Seong Hye , Jeong Yong Hyu , Lee Woon Ji , Kim Jun Hyoung , Kim Jung Ho , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Choi Jun Yong , Park Yoon Soo , Yeom Joon Sup , Song Young Goo , Cho Arthur , Ku Nam Su 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is usually self-limiting, but prolonged systemic symptoms often result in frequent hospital visits, long admission durations, or missed workdays. We investigated the role of fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing KFD severity. We reviewed the records of 31 adult patients with pathologically confirmed KFD who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT between November 2007 and April 2018 at a tertiary-care referral hospital. Disease severity was assessed using criteria based on clinical manifestations of advanced KFD. Systemic activated lymph nodes and severity of splenic activation were determined using semi-quantitative and volumetric PET/CT parameters. The median of the mean splenic standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was higher in patients with severe KFD than those with mild KFD (2.38 ± 1.18 vs. 1.79 ± 0.99, p = 0.058). Patients with severe KFD had more systemically activated volume and glycolytic activity than those with mild KFD (total lesion glycolysis: 473.5 ± 504.4 vs. 201.6 ± 363.5, p = 0.024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that myalgia (odds ratio [OR] 0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001–0.792; p = 0.035), total lymph node SUVmax (cutoff 9.27; OR 24.734; 95% CI 1.323–462.407; p = 0.032), and spleen SUVmean (cutoff 1.79; OR 37.770; 95% CI 1.769–806.583; p = 0.020) were significantly associated with severe KFD. 18F-FDG PET/CT could be useful in assessing KFD severity.
Genetics of symptom remission in outpatients with COVID-19
Authors: Dubé Marie-Pierre , Lemaçon Audrey , Barhdadi Amina , Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Oussaïd Essaïd , Asselin Géraldine , Provost Sylvie , Sun Maxine , Sandoval Johanna , Legault Marc-André , Mongrain Ian , Dubois Anick , Valois Diane , Dedelis Emma , Lousky Jennifer , Choi Julie , Goulet Elisabeth , Savard Christiane , Chicoine Lea-Mei , Cossette Mariève , Chabot-Blanchet Malorie , Guertin Marie-Claude , de Denus Simon , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Marchand Richard , Bassevitch Zohar , Nozza Anna , Gaudet Daniel , L’Allier Philippe L. , Hussin Julie , Boivin Guy , Busseuil David , Tardif Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe conducted a genome-wide association study of time to remission of COVID-19 symptoms in 1723 outpatients with at least one risk factor for disease severity from the COLCORONA clinical trial. We found a significant association at 5p13.3 (rs1173773; P = 4.94 × 10–8) near the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 gene (NPR3). By day 15 of the study, 44%, 54% and 59% of participants with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. In 851 participants not treated with colchicine (placebo), there was a significant association at 9q33.1 (rs62575331; P = 2.95 × 10–8) in interaction with colchicine (P = 1.19 × 10–5) without impact on risk of hospitalisations, highlighting a possibly shared mechanistic pathway. By day 15 of the study, 46%, 62% and 64% of those with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. The findings need to be replicated and could contribute to the biological understanding of COVID-19 symptom remission.
[18F]FDG-labelled stem cell PET imaging in different route of administrations and multiple animal species
Authors: Nose Naoko , Nogami Suguru , Koshino Kazuhiro , Chen Xinyu , Werner Rudolf A. , Kashima Soki , Rowe Steven P. , Lapa Constantin , Fukuchi Kazuki , Higuchi Takahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStem cell therapy holds great promise for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment, although its efficacy is still inconclusive and requires further understanding and optimization of the procedures. Non-invasive cell tracking can provide an important opportunity to monitor in vivo cell distribution in living subjects. Here, using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and in vitro 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) direct cell labelling, the feasibility of engrafted stem cell monitoring was tested in multiple animal species. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline containing [18F]FDG for in vitro cell radiolabelling. The pre-labelled MSCs were administrated via peripheral vein in a mouse (n = 1), rats (n = 4), rabbits (n = 4) and non-human primates (n = 3), via carotid artery in rats (n = 4) and non-human primates (n = 3), and via intra-myocardial injection in rats (n = 5). PET imaging was started 10 min after cell administration using a dedicated small animal PET system for a mouse and rats. A clinical PET system was used for the imaging of rabbits and non-human primates. After MSC administration via peripheral vein, PET imaging revealed intense radiotracer signal from the lung in all tested animal species including mouse, rat, rabbit, and non-human primate, suggesting administrated MSCs were trapped in the lung tissue. Furthermore, the distribution of the PET signal significantly differed based on the route of cell administration. Administration via carotid artery showed the highest activity in the head, and intra-myocardial injection increased signal from the heart. In vitro [18F]FDG MSC pre-labelling for PET imaging is feasible and allows non-invasive visualization of initial cell distribution after different routes of cell administration in multiple animal models. Those results highlight the potential use of that imaging approach for the understanding and optimization of stem cell therapy in translational research.
Systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine profile predict response to checkpoint inhibitor treatment in NSCLC: a prospective study
Authors: Kauffmann-Guerrero Diego , Kahnert Kathrin , Kiefl Rosemarie , Sellmer Laura , Walter Julia , Behr Jürgen , Tufman Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTreatment with single agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has tremendously changed second line therapy in NSCLC. However, there are still no reliable biomarkers predicting response and survival in this group of patients. PD-L1 revealed to be a correlating, but no perfect marker. Therefore, we sought to investigate in this prospective study, whether inflammation status and cytokine profile could serve as additional biomarkers guiding treatment decision for single agent ICIs in NSCLC. 29 stage IV NSCLC patients receiving single agent PD-1 checkpoint-inhibitor in second line were prospectively enrolled. Inflammatory scores and cytokine profiles (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNFα) have been obtained before treatment and at the time of the first staging. Cytokine profiles were correlated with response and survival. Patients with signs of pre-therapeutic inflammation (elevated, NLR, SII, IL-6, IL-8) showed significantly lower response to ICI treatment and reduced PFS. Contrary, elevated levels of IFN-γ revealed to characterize a subgroup of patients, who significantly benefits from ICI treatment. Furthermore, low systemic inflammation and high levels of IFN-γ characterized patients with long term-response to ICI treatment. Pre-therapeutic assessment of inflammation and cytokine profiles has the ability to predict response and survival in NSCLC patients treated with single agent ICIs.
Chill coma onset and recovery fail to reveal true variation in thermal performance among populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Davis Hannah E. , Cheslock Alexandra , MacMillan Heath A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpecies from colder climates tend to be more chill tolerant regardless of the chill tolerance trait measured, but for Drosophila melanogaster, population-level differences in chill tolerance among populations are not always found when a single trait is measured in the laboratory. We measured chill coma onset temperature, chill coma recovery time, and survival after chronic cold exposure in replicate lines derived from multiple paired African and European D. melanogaster populations. The populations in our study were previously found to differ in chronic cold survival ability, which is believed to have evolved independently in each population pair; however, they did not differ in chill coma onset temperature and chill coma recovery time in a manner that reflected their geographic origins, even though these traits are known to vary with origin latitude among Drosophila species and are among the most common metrics of thermal tolerance in insects. While it is common practice to measure only one chill tolerance trait when comparing chill tolerance among insect populations, our results emphasise the importance of measuring more than one thermal tolerance trait to minimize the risk of missing real adaptive variation in insect thermal tolerance.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater by Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Jien , Wang Yi , Xu Qiao , Wu Hanxin , Tong Jianhao , Shi Jiyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPassivation of nanoscale zerovalent iron hinders its efficiency in water treatment, and loading another catalytic metal has been found to improve the efficiency significantly. In this study, Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared by liquid-phase chemical reduction for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater. Synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller isotherm, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that Cu loading can significantly enhance the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by 29.3% to 84.0%, and the optimal Cu loading rate was 3% (wt%). The removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial pH and Cr(VI) concentration. The removal of Cr(VI) was better fitted by pseudo-second-order model than pseudo-first-order model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Cr(VI) removal was spontaneous and endothermic, and the increase of reaction temperature facilitated the process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that Cr(VI) was completely reduced to Cr(III) and precipitated on the particle surface as hydroxylated Cr(OH)3 and CrxFe1−x(OH)3 coprecipitation. Our work could be beneficial for the application of iron-based nanomaterials in remediation of wastewater.
Simulation of diurnal variability in vertical density structure using a coupled model
Authors: Yadidya B. , Rao A. D. , Mohanty Sachiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe changes in the physical properties of the ocean on a diurnal scale primarily occur in the surface mixed layer and the pycnocline. Price–Weller–Pinkel model, which modifies the surface mixed layer, and the internal wave model based on Garrett–Munk spectra that calculates the vertical displacements due to internal waves are coupled to simulate the diurnal variability in temperature and salinity, and thereby density profiles. The coupled model is used to simulate the hourly variations in density at RAMA buoy (15° N, 90° E), in the central Bay of Bengal, and at BD12 (10.5° N, 94° E), in the Andaman Sea. The simulations are validated with the in-situ observations from December 2013 to November 2014. The primary advantage of this model is that it could simulate spatial variability as well. An integrated model is also tested and validated by using the output of the 3D model to initialize the coupled model during January, April, July, and October. The 3D model can be used to initialize the coupled model at any given location within the model domain to simulate the diurnal variability of density. The simulations showed promising results which could be further used in simulating the acoustic fields and propagation losses which are crucial for Navy operations.
Ultraviolet spectroscopy of pressurized and supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Marin Timothy W. , Janik Ireneusz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is prevalent in planetary atmospheres and sees use in a variety of industrial applications. Despite its ubiquitous nature, its photochemistry remains poorly understood. In this work we explore the density dependence of pressurized and supercritical CO2 electronic absorption spectra by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy over the wavelength range 1455-2000 Å. We show that the lowest absorption band transition energy is unaffected by a density increase up to and beyond the thermodynamic critical point (137 bar, 308 K). However, the diffuse vibrational structure inherent to the spectrum gradually decreases in magnitude. This effect cannot be explained solely by collisional broadening and/or dimerization. We suggest that at high densities close proximity of neighboring CO2 molecules with a variety of orientations perturbs the multiple monomer electronic state potential energy surfaces, facilitating coupling between binding and dissociative states. We estimate a critical radius of ~4.1 Å necessary to cause such perturbations.
Preliminary Evidence on the Impact of Hearing Aid Use on Falls Risk in Individuals With Self-Reported Hearing Loss
Authors: Riska Kristal M. , Peskoe Sarah B. , Gordee Alex , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Smith Sherri L. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeFalls are considered a significant public health issue, and hearing loss has been shown to be an independent risk factor for falls. The primary objective of this study was to determine if hearing aid use modified (reduced) the association. We hypothesized that routine hearing aid use would reduce the impact of hearing loss on the odds of falling. If hearing aid users have reduced odds of falling, then that would have an important impact on falls prevention health care.MethodData from 8,091 individuals 40 years of age and older who completed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 1999–2004 were used. NHANES comprises a series of cross-sectional studies, each of which is representative of the total civilian noninstitutionalized population of children and adults in the United States, enabling unbiased national estimates of health that can be independently reproduced. Self-reported hearing, hearing aid status, falls history, and comorbidities were extracted and analyzed using regression modeling.ResultsThe 8,091 individuals were grouped based on a self-reported history of falls in the last year. Self-reported hearing loss was significantly associated with odds of falling. Categorizing individuals based on routine hearing aid use was included as an interaction term in the fully adjusted models and was not significant, suggesting no difference in falls based on hearing aid status.ConclusionsThe unique results of the current study show that when examining self-reported hearing in a nationally representative sample, hearing aid use does not appear to mitigate or modify the association between self-reported hearing and falls. Future research designs are highlighted to address limitations identified using NHANES data for this research and focus on the use of experimental designs to further understand the association between hearing loss and falls, including whether hearing loss may be a modifiable risk factor for falls.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14642784
Constrained optimised flexible power control for grid‐connected converters under unbalanced faults
Authors: Rufa'I Nabila Ahmed , Zhang Li , Chong Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a constrained multi‐objective optimisation scheme for a grid‐connected voltage source converter operating under unbalanced voltage conditions in a three‐phase three‐wire system. The scheme is aimed at evaluating the converter reference currents required to supply all the power generated by the connected source to the grid, whilst simultaneously suppressing oscillations of both real and reactive powers. The trade‐off between these two conflicting requirements is achieved by setting a single cost function with variable weightings. Two constraints are set to restrict the converter instantaneous phase current and maintain low DC‐bus voltage percentage ripple. A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the optimal solution. Simulation results are presented and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.