bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Blockchain Technology for Electronic Prescriptions
Authors: Seaberg Ryan W. , Seaberg Tyler R. , Seaberg David C. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Distributed ledger technology can be used as a transparent, shareable ledger, that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a more secure, verifiable, and permanent way than the current electronic prescribing systems. We studied the use of a distributed ledger electronic prescribing programme, Prescription Abuse Greatly Reduced (PAGR) Prescriptions, to examine the effect of blockchain on provider prescribing efficiency at three family medicine clinics.
Design: The PAGR was installed side-by-side to the electronic health record at three family medicine practice clinics in middle Tennessee. A prospective, convenience sample of patients at all three clinics was used for analysis. Trained observers were used in each clinic to document the side-by-side use of current prescribing practice versus the use of the PAGR electronic prescribing system by the individual providers.
The primary outcome was total time to write the prescription. Secondary metrics included compliance with checking the state’s Physician Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP.) , accuracy of medicine reconciliation, use of patient’s eligibility on insurance, prescription benefits, and change in prescription caused by benefits analysis or drug-interactions. Provider satisfaction was measure on a 4-point Likert scale.
Data were analysed using two-tailed, paired Student T-tests with alpha set at 0.05. A sample size of 107 patients was calculated to have a power of 80% to detect a 50% change in the prescription writing time.
Results: The primary outcome of total prescription writing time was 171 ± 41 sec for current prescribing practice versus 63 ± 15 sec for the PAGR system (p = 0.0006). All providers were extremely satisfied with the use of the PAGR programme.
Conclusion: Use of the PAGR electronic prescription programme significantly saved a mean of 1 min 48 sec per written prescription at the three Family Medicine Clinics. The PAGR also provided accurate medicine reconciliation and complete PDMP checks for controlled substance prescriptions. The patient real-time benefits check and drug-drug and allergy-drug reviews resulted in the provider changing the prescription 28% of the time, enhancing safety and out-of-pocket patient expenses. Future enhancements include expanding the insurance benefits analysis and developing provider notifications when patients are non-compliant with filling their prescriptions.
Teaching Early Years Children during COVID-19 through Digital Technologies
Authors: Asim Iqra , Farooq Dr. Muhammad Shahid 
Published: October 2021

Covid 19 outbreak has its considerable effects on whole education system. Due to forced school closure many students have left schools. This study was conducted to check the influence of digital technologies on early childhood education during covid-19. Data were collected through convenience sampling technique. Respondents of this study were consisting on twenty teachers and head teachers of public and private schools of early childhood education. Data were collected through audio and written interviews. The findings of this study revealed that a number of ways were adopted effectively to transmit education to children at their home i.e. online Google classrooms and live sessions in Whatsapp groups, and Google meet/zoom, Blended learning system (LMS), skype.com, youtube.com, Go to meeting.com, Blacknoard.com, Zoom etc. Some challenges were also found in this study such as internet access issue, electricity issue, lack of technological equipment’s (laptop/ smart phones) lake of students’ attention, less skills to use technology that leads towards inefficient teaching at ECE level. It created difficulties for teacher, parent and students. A more interactive system of teaching to facilitate learning at early childhood level may be developed with all needs to be filled easily. Further online sessions may be organized to give awareness and knowledge about the use of technology and digital skills to parents and teachers with low level of digital literacy.
Key words: Technological tools, digital skills, early childhood education, digital literacy, COVID-19
إمكانية تطبيق أهداف إدارة الجودة الشاملة في إدارة وتنظيم الأقسام العلمية في الجامعات العراقية ( جامعة بغداد أنموذج )
Authors: سموم عبد كاطع 
Published: October 2021

تواجه الإدارة التعليمية المعاصرة معوقات إدارية متعددة تحد من أدائها للرسالة العلمية المناطة بها نظراً لغياب الرؤية الشاملة والنظرة الاستراتيجية لدور التعليم في تفعيل مستقبل التنمية واستثمار الموارد ، مما ينتج عنه تضارب وظائف مؤسسات التعليم وازدواجيتها ، وبطء عمليات التطور والإنتاج وضعف آليات منظومة العمل الإداري والأكاديمي للتعليم .
وتكمن أهمية البحث من طريق الآتي:
1- مدى تقبل رؤساء الأقسام العلمية ، والتدريسيين ، والعاملين الآخريين لمعايير الجودة الشاملة في الجامعات العراقية .
2- تحقق إدارة الجودة النمو النوعي والكمي من طريق وضوح الأهداف والسياسات والبرامج التي تركز على نوعية التعليم والارتقاء بمستواه.
3- كون الدراسة تنطلق من أحد أهم القطاعات ذات الإهتمام المباشر إلى التنمية الشاملة وهو قطاع التعليم.
4- تسهم في حل الكثير من المشكلات التي تعاني منها الإدارات الجامعية .
1- التعرف على مستوى إمكانية تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في إدارة وتنظيم الأقسام العلمية من وجهة نظر الهيئة التدريسية .
2- التعرف على مستوى الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0،05) درجة متطلبات تطبيق الجودة الشاملة في إدارة وتنظيم رؤساء الأقسام العلمية وفقاً للمتغيرات الآتية (الجنس ، المؤهل العملي، عدد سنوات الخدمة، نوع الكلية).
تكون مجمع البحث من أعضاء هيئه التدريس في جامعة بغداد من حملة درج الدكتوراه والماجستير، موزعين على (24) كلية علمية وإنسانية ، وقد بلغ أعداد الهيئة التدريسية (5867) عضواً

اما،عينة البحث: تم اختيار عينه البحث بالطريقة العشوائية، حيث تكونت عينه الدراسة التي أستعان بها الباحث للقيام بالدراسة من مجتمع الدراسة المتمثل بأعضاء هيأة التدريس في كليه التربية جامعة واسط ، إذ تم توزيع الإستبانة على عينه أفراد البحث الذين تواجدوا في الكلية ، وكان عددهم (368) عضواً من هيأة التدريس
الاستنتاجات : استنتج الباحث الآتي :
ضرورة تطبيق معايير الجودة الشاملة في إدارة وتنظيم العمل الإداري في الأقسام العلمية وتوفير المتطلبات الاساسية اللزمة للنهوض بواقع العمل الإداري الاكاديمي لمواكبة التطور العلمي والتقني المعاصر .
تفسير الذات ذو الاعتماد المتبادل لدى المرشدين التربويين
Authors: عبد العباس عبد الكاظم الموسوي محمد 
Published: October 2021

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على :
1- تفسير الذات ذو الاعتماد المتبادل لدى المرشدين التربويين 0
2- الفروق في تفسير الذات ذو الاعتماد المتبادل لدى المرشدين التربويين على وفق متغير الجنس (ذكور– إناث )0
ولتحقيق أهداف البحث أختار الباحث عينة مكونة من (100) مرشداً ومرشدة تربوية من المرشدين التربويين التابعين لمديرية تربية محافظة كربلاء ، ومن كلا الجنسين (ذكور- إناث) في المدارس المتوسطة والإعدادية والثانوية وللعام الدراسي ( 2018 -2019 )، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية ذات التوزيع المتناسب ، اذ بني مقياس لتفسير الذات ذي الاعتماد المتبادل على وفق نظرية ماركوس وكيتياياما ، وحللت الفقرات احصائيًا للتحقق من الخصائص السيكومترية للمقياس والمتمثلة بالصدق الثبات ، اذ استخرج الصدق بطريقتين هما الصدق الظاهري وصدق البناء أما الثبات فقد أستخرج بطريقة الأختبار– إعادة الأختبار ومعادلة الفاكرونباخ ، ومن ثم طبق المقياس على عينة البحث الأساسية ، وأستعمل الباحث الوسائل الإحصائية التي تتناسب مع بيانات البحث وبعد التطبيق تم التوصل الى الآتي :

المرشدين التربويين يمتلكون تفسير الذات ذو الأعتماد المتبادل 0
المرشدين التربويين الذكور يظهرون اتجاهًا أعلى في تفسير الذات ذو الأعتماد المتبادل من الأناث 0

كما وضع الباحث بعض التوصيات والمقترحات المناسبة مع نتائج البحث 0
Neck Pain and Disability: Are They Related to Dysfunctional Breathing and Stress?
Authors: Stephen Sarah , Brandt Corlia , Olivier Benita 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: People with neck pain are likely to have negative respiratory findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neck pain and dysfunctional breathing and to examine their relationship to stress. Method: This cross-sectional study included 49 participants with neck pain and 49 age- and sex-matched controls. We measured neck pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS); neck disability using the Neck Disability Index (NDI); dysfunctional breathing using the Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ), Self-Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ), breath hold time, and respiratory rate (RR); and stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Participants with neck pain scored higher on the NQ ( p < 0.01) and the SEBQ ( p < 0.01) than controls. NQ and SEBQ scores correlated moderately with NDI scores ( r > 0.50; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.68 and 0.33, 0.73, respectively) and PSS scores ( r > 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.78 and 0.31, 0.73, respectively). SEBQ scores showed a fair correlation with NRS scores and RR a fair correlation with NDI scores. Conclusions: Participants with neck pain had more dysfunctional breathing symptoms than participants without neck pain, and dysfunctional breathing was correlated with increased neck disability and increased stress. The NQ and SEBQ can be useful in assessing dysfunctional breathing in patients with neck pain.
Pretreatment of Sulfonylureas Reducing Perihematomal Edema in Diabetic Patients With Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Jingjing Zhang , Jingjing Zhao , Bo Hui , Le Wang , Jingya Wei , Dong Wei , Fang Yang , Wen Jiang 
Published: October 2021

Background: The sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (SUR1–TRPM4) channel is a target key mediator of brain edema. Sulfonylureas (SFUs) are blockers of the SUR1–TRPM4 channel. We made two assessments for the pretreatment of SFUs: (1) whether it associates with lower perihematomal edema (PHE) and (2) whether it associates with improved clinical outcomes in diabetic patients who have acute basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted in diabetic adults receiving regular SFUs before the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). All of the patients received the clinical diagnosis of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by a CT scan within 7 days after hemorrhage. For each case, we selected two matched controls with basal ganglia hemorrhage based on admission time (≤5 years) and age differences (≤5 years), with the same gender and similar hematoma volume. The primary outcome was PHE volume, and the secondary outcomes were relative PHE (rPHE), functional independence according to modified Rankin Scale score and Barthel Index at discharge, and death rate in the hospital.Results: A total of 27 patients (nine cases and 18 matched controls), admitted between January 1, 2009 and October 31, 2018, were included in our study. There was no significant association between SFU patients and non-SFU patients on PHE volumes [15.4 (7.4–50.2 ml) vs. 8.0 (3.1–22.1) ml, p = 0.100]. Compared to non-SFU patients, the SFU patients had significantly lower rPHE [0.8 (0.7–1.3) vs. 1.5 (1.2–1.9), p = 0.006]. After we adjusted the confounding factors, we found that sulfonylureas can significantly reduce both PHE volume (regression coefficient: −13.607, 95% CI: −26.185 to −1.029, p = 0.035) and rPHE (regression coefficient: −0.566, 95% CI: −0.971 to −0.161, p = 0.009). However, we found no significant improvement in clinical outcomes at discharge, in the event of pretreatment of SFUs before the onset of ICH, even after we adjusted the confounding factors.Conclusion: For diabetic patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage, pretreatment of sulfonylureas may associate with lower PHE and relative PHE on admission. No significant effect was found on the clinical outcomes when the patients were discharged. Future studies are needed to assess the potential clinical benefits using sulfonylureas for ICH patients.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in Different Targets in Improving Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Lin Fabin , Cai Guoen 
Published: October 2021

Background: Although a variety of targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been found to be effective in Parkinson's disease (PD), it remains unclear which target for DBS leads to the best improvement in gait disorders in patients with PD. The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS, internal globus pallidus (GPi)-DBS, and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)-DBS, in improving gait disorders in patients with PD.Methods: We searched the PubMed database for articles published from January 1990 to December 2020. We used various languages to search for relevant documents to reduce language bias. A Bayesian NMA and systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials were conducted to explore the effects of different targets for DBS on gait damage.Result: In the 34 included studies, 538 patients with PD met the inclusion criteria. The NMA results of the effect of the DBS “on and off” on the mean change of the gait of the patients in medication-off show that GPi-DBS, STN-DBS, and PPN-DBS are significantly better than the baseline [GPi-DBS: –0.79(–1.2, –0.41), STN-DBS: –0.97(–1.1, –0.81), and PPN-DBS: –0.56(–1.1, –0.021)]. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) score, the STN-DBS (SUCRA = 74.15%) ranked first, followed by the GPi-DBS (SUCRA = 48.30%), and the PPN-DBS (SUCRA = 27.20%) ranked last. The NMA results of the effect of the DBS “on and off” on the mean change of the gait of the patients in medication-on show that, compared with baseline, GPi-DBS and STN-DBS proved to be significantly effective [GPi-DBS: –0.53 (–1.0, –0.088) and STN-DBS: –0.47(–0.66, –0.29)]. The GPi-DBS ranked first (SUCRA = 59.00%), followed by STN-DBS(SUCRA = 51.70%), and PPN-DBS(SUCRA = 35.93%) ranked last.Conclusion: The meta-analysis results show that both the STN-DBS and GPi-DBS can affect certain aspects of PD gait disorder.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People
Authors: Li Yingying , Shen Hui , Li Yike , Bi Mei , Bi Yanhong , Che Xiaoyu , Tian Simiao , Liu Yazhuo 
Published: October 2021

Background: Some evidence indicates a potential beneficial effect of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings to date remains inconclusive and little is known about whether sex modifies these associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in this associations among Chinese adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, China; Chinese men and women who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism between January and December 2020 were invited to participate in this study. All participants were assessed for basic demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and other serum biomarkers and serum phospholipid FAs.Results: In total, 575 Chinese adult participants (270 men and 305 women) were included in the analysis. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common among men than women, but there were no significant differences between the sexes in fatty acid composition, except for eicosadienoic acid (EA; 20:2n-6) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The age-adjusted OR for having T2DM in the highest quartile of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) level was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.98) in men, and this association remained consistently significant in the fully adjusted multivariate models. In contrast, no significant associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM risk were observed in women, regardless of model adjustment.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results demonstrate a notable sex-specific differences in the associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM. Higher n-6 PUFA status may be protective against the risk of T2DM in men.
Treatment Site Does Not Affect Changes in Pulse Wave Velocity but Treatment Length and Device Selection Are Associated With Increased Pulse Wave Velocity After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Hori Daijiro , Fujimori Tomonari , Kusadokoro Sho , Yamamoto Takahiro , Kimura Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

Background: Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm is associated with an increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after surgery. However, the effect of different types of endovascular devices on PWV at different sites of the thoracic aorta remains unclear.Objectives: The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the changes in PWV after endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm; (2) to evaluate whether there is a difference in the changes in PWV at different treatment sites; and (3) to evaluate the effect of treatment length on changes in PWV.Methods: From July 2008 to July 2021, 276 patients underwent endovascular treatment of the true thoracic aortic aneurysm. Of these patients, 183 patients who underwent preoperative and postoperative PWV measurement within 1 year of surgery were included in the study. The treatment length index was calculated by treatment length divided by the height of the patients.Results: Five different types of endovascular devices were used (Najuta, Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan; TAG, W.L. Gore &amp; Associates, Inc., AZ, USA; Relay, Bolton Medical, Inc., FL, USA; Talent/Valiant, Medtronic, MN, USA; and Zenith, Cook Medical, IN, USA). There was no significant change in PWV in patients receiving Najuta (Before: 2,040 ± 346.8 cm/s vs. After: 2,084 ± 390.5 cm/s, p = 0.14). However, a significant increase was observed in other devices: TAG (Before: 2,090 ± 485.9 cm/s vs. After: 2,300 ± 512.1 cm/s, p = 0.025), Relay (Before: 2,102 ± 465.3 cm/s vs. After: 2,206 ± 444.4 cm/s, p = 0.004), Valiant (Before: 1,696 ± 330.2 cm/s vs. After: 2,186 ± 378.7 cm/s, p &lt; 0.001), and Zenith (Before: 2,084 ± 431.7 cm/s vs. After: 2,321 ± 500.6 cm/s, p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant increase in PWV in patients treated from aortic arch (Before: 2,006 ± 333.7 cm/s vs. After: 2,132 ± 423.7 cm/s, p &lt; 0.001) and patients treated from descending thoracic aorta (Before: 2,116 ± 460.9 cm/s vs. After: 2,292 ± 460.9 cm/s, p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment site was not an independent factor associated with changes in PWV. However, Najuta (Coef −219.43, 95% CI −322.684 to −116.176, p &lt; 0.001) and treatment index (Coef 147.57, 95% CI 24.826 to 270.312, p = 0.019) were independent factors associated with changes in PWV.Conclusion: Najuta did not show a significant increase in PWV, while other commercially available devices showed a significant increase. The treatment site did not have a different effect on PWV. However, the treatment length was an independent factor associated with an increase in PWV.
Home versus In-Center Dialysis and Day of the Week Hospitalization: A Cohort Study
Authors: Tennankore Karthik K. , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Matheson Kara , Chan Christopher T. , Trinh Emilie , Perl Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

Background
The dialysis treatment day after the 2-day interdialytic interval (Monday/Tuesday) is associated with a heightened risk of hospitalization for patients on in-center hemodialysis (ICHD). In this national cohort study, we sought to characterize hospitalizations by day of the week for patients receiving ICHD, home HD (HHD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to identify whether there were differences in the probability of a Monday/Tuesday admission for each modality type.

Methods
Patients on maintenance dialysis in Canada were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 using the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Patients on hemodialysis were categorized as those receiving ICHD, HHD, frequent ICHD, or frequent HHD (the latter two included short daily and nocturnal HD). Hospitalizations were attributed to the previous treatment if they occurred within 30 days of a treatment change. Differences in the proportion of patients experiencing a Monday/Tuesday admission with all other days of the week were compared using a generalized linear model with binomial distribution and reported using adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs.

Results
Overall, 27,430 individuals experienced 111,748 hospitalization episodes. Rates per 1000 patient days were 3.76, 2.98, 2.71, 2.16, and 2.13 for each of frequent ICHD, ICHD, PD, HHD, and frequent HHD, respectively. Compared with those on ICHD, only patients receiving frequent HHD (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97) and PD (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.97) had a lower odds of experiencing a Monday/Tuesday admission. The OR was lower when restricted to hospitalization episodes for cardiovascular reasons comparing frequent HHD with ICHD (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96).

Conclusion
In this nationally representative cohort, we identified that the probability of a Monday/Tuesday admission was lower for frequent HHD and PD compared with ICHD, most notably for hospitalizations due to cardiovascular causes. Gaining a better understanding of the reasons behind this observation may help to develop future strategies to reduce overall and cause-specific hospitalization for patients receiving dialysis.
Multi-wavelength Observations of AT2019wey: a New Candidate Black Hole Low-mass X-ray Binary
Authors: Yao Yuhan , Kulkarni S. R. , Burdge Kevin B. , Caiazzo Ilaria , De Kishalay , Dong Dillon , Fremling C. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kupfer Thomas , van Roestel Jan , Sollerman Jesper , Bagdasaryan Ashot , Bellm Eric C. , Cenko S. Bradley , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Kaye Stephen , Masci Frank J. , Miranda Nicolas , Prince Thomas A. , Riddle Reed , Rusholme Ben , Soumagnac Maayane T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
AT2019wey (SRGA J043520.9+552226, SRGE J043523.3+552234) is a transient first reported by the ATLAS optical survey in 2019 December. It rose to prominence upon detection, three months later, by the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission in its first all-sky survey. X-ray observations reported in Yao et al. suggest that AT2019wey is a Galactic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) with a black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) accretor. Here we present ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of this object. We show that the companion is a short-period (P ≲ 16 hr) low-mass (<1 M
⊙) star. We consider AT2019wey to be a candidate BH system since its locations on the L
radio–L
X and L
opt–L
X diagrams are closer to BH binaries than NS binaries. We demonstrate that from 2020 June to August, despite the more than 10 times brightening at radio and X-ray wavelengths, the optical luminosity of AT2019wey only increased by 1.3–1.4 times. We interpret the UV/optical emission before the brightening as thermal emission from a truncated disk in a hot accretion flow and the UV/optical emission after the brightening as reprocessing of the X-ray emission in the outer accretion disk. AT2019wey demonstrates that combining current wide-field optical surveys and SRG provides a way to discover the emerging population of short-period BH LMXB systems with faint X-ray outbursts.