bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of community health workers in the surgical cascade: a scoping review
Authors: Li Helen W. , Scanlon Michael L. , Kisilu Nicholas , Litzelman Debra K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) can increase access to various primary healthcare services; however, their potential for improving surgical care is under-explored. We sought to assess the role of CHWs in the surgical cascade, defined as disease screening, linkage to operative care, and post-operative care. Given the well-described literature on CHWs and screening, we focused on the latter two steps of the surgical cascade.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature. We searched for studies published in any language from January 1, 2000 to May 1, 2020 using electronic literature databases including Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. We included articles on CHW involvement in linkage to operative care and/or post-operative surgical care. Narrative and descriptive methods were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe initial search identified 145 articles relevant to steps in the surgical cascade. Ten studies met our inclusion criteria and were included for review. In linkage to care, CHWs helped increase surgical enrollment, provide resources for vulnerable patients, and build trust in healthcare services. Post-operatively, CHWs acted as effective monitors for surgical-site infections and provided socially isolated patients with support and linkage to additional services. The complex and wide-ranging needs of surgical patients illustrated the need to view surgical care as a continuum rather than a singular operative event.ConclusionWhile the current literature is limited, CHWs were able to maneuver complex medical, cultural, and social barriers to surgical care by linking patients to counseling, education, and community resources, as well as post-operative infection prevention services. Future studies would benefit from more rigorous study designs and larger sample sizes to further elucidate the role CHWs can serve in the surgical cascade.
Analysis of international traveler mobility patterns in Tokyo to identify geographic foci of dengue fever risk
Authors: Yuan Baoyin , Lee Hyojung , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTravelers play a role in triggering epidemics of imported dengue fever because they can carry the virus to other countries during the incubation period. If a traveler carrying dengue virus visits open green space and is bitten by mosquitoes, a local outbreak can ensue. In the present study, we aimed to understand the movement patterns of international travelers in Tokyo using mobile phone data, with the goal of identifying geographical foci of dengue transmission. We analyzed datasets based on mobile phone access to WiFi systems and measured the spatial distribution of international visitors in Tokyo on two specific dates (one weekday in July 2017 and another weekday in August 2017). Mobile phone users were classified by nationality into three groups according to risk of dengue transmission. Sixteen national parks were selected based on their involvement in a 2014 dengue outbreak and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. We found that not all national parks were visited by international travelers and that visits to cemeteries were very infrequent. We also found that travelers from countries with high dengue prevalence were less likely to visit national parks compared with travelers from dengue-free countries. Travelers from countries with sporadic dengue cases and countries with regional transmission tended to visit common destinations. By contrast, the travel footprints of visitors from countries with continuous dengue transmission were focused on non-green spaces. Entomological surveillance in Tokyo has been restricted to national parks since the 2014 dengue outbreak. However, our results indicate that areas subject to surveillance should include both public and private green spaces near tourist sites.
Deployment of a LoRaWAN network and evaluation of tracking devices in the context of smart cities
Authors: de Camargo Edson Tavares , Spanhol Fabio Alexandre , Castro e Souza Álvaro Ricieri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR) and the Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two available out of the box and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving at a constant speed through three representative urban areas totaling 10.71 km2. The two most efficient tracking devices are analyzed in a stretch of 3.5 km with speeds ranging from 0 to 30 km/h, 0 to 50 km/h and 0 to 100 km/h. Results include a quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the received geographic coordinates. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, by planning its coverage throughout the city.
Establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids for drug toxicity study
Authors: Li Haonan , Wang Yalong , Zhang Mengxian , Wang Hong , Cui Along , Zhao Jianguo , Ji Weizhi , Chen Ye-Guang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPig and monkey are widely used models for exploration of human diseases and evaluation of drug efficiency and toxicity, but high cost limits their uses. Organoids have been shown to be promising models for drug test as they reasonably preserve tissue structure and functions. However, colonic organoids of pig and monkey are not yet established. Here, we report a culture medium to support the growth of porcine and monkey colonic organoids. Wnt signaling and PGE2 are important for long-term expansion of the organoids, and their withdrawal results in lineage differentiation to mature cells. Furthermore, we observe that porcine colonic organoids are closer to human colonic organoids in terms of drug toxicity response. Successful establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids would facilitate the mechanistic investigation of the homeostatic regulation of the intestine of these animals and is useful for drug development and toxicity studies.
On a class of boundary value problems under ABC fractional derivative
Authors: Gul Rozi , Shah Kamal , Khan Zareen A. , Jarad Fahd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, we establish some necessary results about existence theory to a class of boundary value problems (BVPs) of hybrid fractional differential equations (HFDEs) in the frame of Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative. Making use of Krasnoselskii and Banach theorems, we obtain the required conditions. Some appropriate results of Hyers–Ulam (H–U) stability corresponding to the considered problem are also established. Also a pertinent example is given to demonstrate the results.
Surgical outcomes of patients after treatment of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms: “real-world” evidence from southern Thailand
Authors: Sungkaro Kanisorn , Tunthanathip Thara , Taweesomboonyat Chin , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysm rupture is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with ruptured AComA aneurysms undergoing microsurgical clipping.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic features as well as clinical outcomes of 150 consecutive patients with ruptured AComA aneurysm who underwent surgical clipping during the 11-year study period. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes (defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6).

Results
The study included 83 male and 67 female patients, with a mean age of 51.3 ± 11.5 years. At admission, most of the patients had good neurological status, including 97 (64.7%) patients with a Hunt and Hess grade of 1 or 2 and 109 (72.6%) patients with a World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade of 1 or 2. Unfavorable outcomes at 6 months were observed in 23 (22.0%) patients, and the 6-month mortality rate was 8.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 19.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.10–75.80; P < 0.001), A1 hypoplasia (OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 2.82–28.04; P < 0.001), and postoperative cerebral infarction (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.16–8.88; P = 0.025) were strong independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions
Proper management of preoperative intraventricular hemorrhage, A1 hypoplasia, and intensive care for postoperative brain infarction are warranted for improved surgical outcomes in patients with ruptured AComA aneurysm undergoing surgical clipping.
Receptor tyrosine kinases as a therapeutic target by natural compounds in cancer treatment
Authors: Balogun Toheeb A. , Ige Oluwasegun M. , Alausa Abdullahi O. , Onyeani Chijioke O. , Tiamiyu Zainab A. , Omoboyowa Damilola A. , Saibu Oluwatosin A. , Abdullateef Olayemi T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that play significant roles in regulating cellular processes, including cell division and growth. Overexpression and mutations of RTKs have been found in clinical manifestations of different forms of cancer. Therefore, RTKs have received considerable interest as a therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of cancer cells.

Main body of the abstract
Comprehensive data on RTKs, pharmacological and biological properties of natural compounds were systematically searched up to 2021 using relevant keywords from various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The scientific search by various standard electronic resources and databases unveils the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of various cancers. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and many others can be used pharmacologically as RTKs inhibitors (RTKI) either by competing with ATP at the ATP binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain or competing for the receptor extracellular domain. Additionally, studies conducted on animal models indicated that inhibition of RTKs catalytic activity by natural compounds is one of the most effective ways to block the activation of RTKs signaling cascades, thereby hampering the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, various pharmacological experiments, transcriptomic, and proteomic data also reported that cancer cells treated with different plants extracts or isolated phytochemicals exhibited better anticancer properties with minimal side effects than synthetic drugs. Clinically, natural compounds have demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effect via induction of cell apoptosis in cancer cell lines.

Short conclusion
An in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of inhibition and structural characterization of RTKs is important to the design of novel and selective RTKIs. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and structures of natural compounds RTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor while also giving future directions to ameliorate the scientific burden of cancer.

Graphic abstract
Vascular anatomical considerations in preparing colonic flaps to replace the oesophagus
Authors: AbouZeid Amr Abdelhamid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The colon is among the best options to substitute the oesophagus; it is well known for its durability and good function that makes it most suitable for paediatric patients. The steps of the procedure, postoperative complications, and outcome assessment were thoroughly discussed in previous reports. However, in this report, we have tried to focus on one basic and essential step of the operation, which is fashioning of the colonic flap used to substitute the oesophagus.

Results
The study included 50 consecutive paediatric cases who underwent colonic replacement of the oesophagus during the period 2010 through 2020. The indication for oesophageal replacement was either oesophageal atresia (27 cases) or corrosive strictures (23 cases). Our standard technique was using a middle segment of the colon (transverse colon) based on the left colic vessels (vascular pedicle) after ligation of middle colic vessels. Variations of the middle colic vessels were encountered that included single, double, or absent vessels. In a single case (2%), the middle colic vessels were multiple, short, and non-branching with interrupted continuity of marginal vessels at that point. In the latter situation, we had to use a different technique by fashioning a right colonic flap based on the middle colic vessels.

Conclusion
In colonic replacement of the oesophagus, preparing a pedicled flap from the transverse colon based on the left colic vessels was almost always feasible owing to the stable collateral marginal vessels. On a rare occasion, the marginal vessels were interrupted by disturbed anatomy of the middle colic vessels when we had to shift to another technique using a right colonic flap.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in people with intellectual disability: statistical approach to developing a bespoke screening tool
Authors: Sawhney Indermeet , Perera Bhathika , Bassett Paul , Zia Asif , Alexander Regi T , Shankar Rohit 
Published: October 2021

Background
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among people with intellectual disability. Diagnosing ADHD in this clinically and cognitively complex and diverse group is difficult, given the overlapping psychiatric and behavioural presentations. Underdiagnoses and misdiagnoses leading to irrational polypharmacy and worse health and social outcomes are common. Diagnostic interviews exist, but are cumbersome and not in regular clinical use.

Aims
We aimed to develop a screening tool to help identify people with intellectual disability and ADHD.

Method
A prospective cross-sectional study, using STROBE guidance, invited all carers of people with intellectual disability aged 18–50 years open to the review of the psychiatric team in a single UK intellectual disability service (catchment population: 150 000). A ten-item questionnaire based on the DSM-V ADHD criteria was circulated. All respondents’ baseline clinical characteristics were recorded, and the DIVA-5-ID was administered blinded to the individual questionnaire result. Fisher exact and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify relevant questionnaire items and the combinations that afforded best sensitivity and specificity for predicting ADHD.

Results
Of 78 people invited, 39 responded (26 men, 13 women), of whom 30 had moderate-to-profound intellectual disability and 38 had associated comorbidities and on were medication, including 22 on psychotropics. Thirty-six screened positive for ADHD, and 24 were diagnosed (16 men, eight women). Analysis showed two positive responses on three specific questions to have 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity, and be the best predictor of ADHD.

Conclusions
The three-question screening is an important development for identifying ADHD in people with intellectual disability. It needs larger-scale replication to generate generalisable results.
»Die Polygamie bedeutet einen Krebsschaden für die deutschen Kolonien.«
Authors: Schaper Ulrike 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In its African colonies, the German colonial authorities of ten encountered marriages among the colonized population that did not correspond to the European bourgeois ideal of monogamous marriage. Colonial government and Christian missions saw polygamy as an obstacle to their colonial or missionary project. Using files from the German colonial administration in Cameroon, documents from the archive of the Basel Mission, and texts from missionary and colonial magazines, the article examines what precisely the colonial government and missions saw as the dangers of polygamy and what challenges arose in dealing with it. Overall, it is shown how essential monogamy was for the self-definition of the German colonial power. Criticism of polygamy served to distinguish Germany from the colonial other and to devalue its culture. Polygamy was considered non-Christian, non-European, non-civilized. In practice, however, this clarity blurred in the face of diverse challenges, so that missions and the colonial government tended to seek pragmatic and temporary solutions.
Performance evaluation of automated cell counts compared with reference methods for body fluid analysis
Authors: Seghezzi Michela , Previtali Giulia , Moioli Valentina , Alessio Maria Grazia , Guerra Giovanni , Buoro Sabrina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cellular analysis of body fluids (BFs) can assist clinicians for the diagnosis of many medical conditions. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the analytical performance of the UF-5000 body fluid mode (UF-BF) analyzer compared to the gold standard method (optical microscopy, OM) and to XN-1000 (XN-BF), another analyzer produced by the same manufacturer (Sysmex) and with a similar technology for BF analysis.

Methods
One hundred BF samples collected in K3EDTA tubes were analyzed by UF-BF, XN-BF and OM. The agreement was evaluated using Passing and Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plot analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were selected for evaluating the diagnostic agreement between OM classification and UF-BF parameters.

Results
Comparison between UF-BF and OM, in all BF types, showed Passing and Bablok’s slope comprised between 0.99 (polymorphonuclear cells count, PMN-BF) and 1.39 (mononuclear cells count, MN-BF), the intercepts ranged between 26.47 (PMN-BF parameter) and 226.80 (white blood cell count). Bland–Altman bias was comprised between 7.3% (total cell count, TC-BF) and 52.9% (MN-BF). Comparison between UF-BF and XN-BF in all BF showed slopes ranged between 1.07 (TC-BF and PMN-BF) and 1.16 (MN-BF), intercepts ranged between 8.30 (PMN) and 64.78 (WBC-BF). Bland–Altman bias ranged between 5.8 (TC-BF) and 21.1% (MN-BF). The ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve ranged between 0.9664 and 1.000.

Conclusions
UF-BF shows very good performance for the differential counts of cells in ascitic, pleural and synovial fluids and therefore it is useful to screen and count cells in this type of BF.
Visualization of the damage evolution for Ti–3Al–2Mo–2Zr alloy during a uniaxial tensile process using a microvoids proliferation damage model
Authors: Tong Ying , Zhao Jiang , Quan Guo-zheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding the damage evolution of alloys during a plastic deformation process is significant to the structural design of components and accident prevention. In order to visualize the damage evolution in the plastic deformation of Ti–3Al–2Mo–2Zr alloy, a series of uniaxial tensile experiments for this alloy were carried out under the strain rates of 0.1–10 s−1 at room temperature, and the stress–strain curves were achieved. On the other hand, the finite element (FE) models of these uniaxial tensile processes were established. A microvoids proliferation model, Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model, was implanted into the uniaxial tensile models, and the simulated stress–strain curves corresponding to different GTN parameter combinations were obtained. Based on the simulated and experimental stress–strain curves, the GTN parameters of this alloy were solved by response surface methodology (RSM). The solved GTN parameters suggest that higher strain rate can enhance the proliferation and coalescence of microvoids. Furthermore, the uniaxial tensile tests over different strain rates were simulated using the solved GTN parameters. Then, the damage processes were visualized and evaluated. The result shows that the degradation speed of this alloy is slow at the initial stage of the tensile deformation and then accelerates once the voids volume fraction reaches a critical value.
Anti-discrimination Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union before and after the Economic Crisis
Authors: Frese Amalie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Income inequality is at an all-time high in the Europe Union (EU). Implications from the economic crisis which broke out in 2008, and in particularly the austerity measures introduced by Governments in Eurozone countries receiving bailout programmes, created further inequalities, for example between men and women. This paper starts from the hypothesis that whereas other institutions in the EU have played a direct role in tackling the economic crisis, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) may have played a more indirect role, which nonetheless can have an overlooked value in particular for setting direction for legal norms of equality and anti-discrimination in Europe. The paper therefore addresses a legal-empirical question: To what extent does the anti-discrimination case law of the CJEU reflect the increased inequalities in Europe following the economic crisis? Based on a dataset of all anti-discrimination cases of the CJEU, I conduct a quantitative analysis of changes in the case law from before to after the economic crisis. I find that there is only weak evidence, which suggests that the case law of the CJEU reflects the increased inequalities following the economic crisis.
Fabrication of Ag/ZnO hollow nanospheres and cubic TiO2/ZnO heterojunction photocatalysts for RhB degradation
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Yang Zhong-Tao , Wang Nannan , Gao Xin , Wang Gang , Song Chunyu , Liu Yunfeng , Cui Lifeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ZnO nanomaterials with the stereochemical structure were becoming a research focus in the scope of photocatalytic materials, but the ZnO was sensitive to UV light rather than the solar light source, which considerably prohibited its extended application. ZnO nanomaterials coupled with other nanomaterials could generate the alternative composite heterojunction nanomaterials to promote the photocatalytic activity. Herein, we reported two facile and feasible synthesis methods to fabricate TiO2/ZnO cube nanocomposites and Ag/ZnO hollow spheres by hydrothermal reaction and chemical deposition, respectively. In this regard, these composited nanomaterials have been successfully fabricated with high purities, good morphology, and crystal structure. Noticeably, in contrast with TiO2/ZnO and Ag/ZnO bulk nanocomposites, the Ag/ZnO hollow spheres could offer the higher activity for RhB degradation under the visible light. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO for RhB degradation could be improved synergistically, and the effect of RhB degradation was highest when the Ag mass ratio was modulated at 10% in the sample. Furthermore, it remained a high photocatalytic efficiency even after four cycles. This protocol provided an approvable approach to fabricate efficient photocatalysts with persistent photostability in the wastewater treatment process.