bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the molecular mechanism of γ‐elimination of nitrous acid in the framework of the molecular electron density theory
Authors: Kącka‐Zych Agnieszka , Jasiński Radomir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reactions of γ‐dehydronitration of furaxanenitrolic acids have been studied within the density functional theory using molecular electron density theory scheme at the MPWB1K(PCM)/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory. The alteration of bonding along the course of the reaction is studied in the topology of the electron density functional within the bonding evolution theory perspective. The characteristics of electron density changes indicate that we can distinguish six different phases in the nitrous acid extrusion from furaxanenitrolic acid 1a. These different phases related to the intrinsic reaction coordinate path of the analyzed reaction denote the non‐concerted nature of the molecular mechanism.
Building the alliance and using experiential techniques in the early phases of psychotherapy for avoidant personality disorder
Authors: Centonze Antonella , Popolo Raffaele , MacBeth Angus , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndividuals experiencing avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) tend to make sense of social interactions via maladaptive self‐and other attributions. They also experience difficulties in recognizing emotions. A further feature of AvPD psychopathology is the tendency to resort to maladaptive coping strategies, such as behavioral avoidance and perfectionism. Despite its impact, psychological treatments for AvPD remains poorly investigated. Herein, we describe the first five sessions of Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy with a 28‐year‐old woman, whose treatment goal was to reduce social avoidance. We describe how this goal was achieved through a combination of working through the therapeutic relationship, alongside experiential techniques such as guided imagery, rescripting, and bodily work. Through this treatment configuration, the patient was able to increase self‐awareness of her own emotions, enabling her to realize that she was guided by rigid schemas; specifically seeing herself as inadequate and others as judgmental. Finally, implications for the treatment of AvPD are discussed.
Participation in community organizing: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of impacts on sociopolitical development
Authors: Speer Paul W. , Christens Brian D. , Peterson N. Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reports cross‐sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal (Study 2) results from analyses of civic behaviors and attitudes among two groups: participants in grassroots community organizing in five US cities and a geographically balanced sample of their neighbors, many of whom were participating with other types of voluntary organizations (e.g., neighborhood‐based or school‐based groups). This analytic approach allowed for tests of differences between groups, differences within groups over time, and interactions between groups and time on indicators of sociopolitical development including civic behaviors, psychological sense of community, and the emotional and cognitive components of psychological empowerment. Results showed that community organizing, as a particular type of mediating institution, cultivates sociopolitical development by elevating psychological empowerment and civic engagement over time.
MiR‐138 plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy through SIRT1–p38–TTP regulatory axis
Authors: Liu Fengxun , Guo Jia , Qiao Yingjin , Pan Shaokang , Duan Jiayu , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are two important protective factors in DN; however, the regulatory relationship between SIRT1 and TTP, and the underneath mechanism are interesting but still unclear. Identifying the key factors that regulate SIRT1 or TTP may be of great value to the understanding and treatment of the DN. In this study, through systematic experimental methods, we found that the expression of miR‐138 was significantly upregulated in DN clinical patient samples, and our experimental results suggested that miR‐138 could bind the 3ʹ‐UTR of SIRT1 and inhibit its expression in both cultured podocytes and db/db mice kidney tissues. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo experiments also indicated miR‐138 could target SIRT1 and affect TTP through p38 pathway. And downregulation of miR‐138 attenuated podocyte injury and showed some extent of therapeutic effects in DN mice models. Our findings revealed that the regulatory axis of miR‐138–SIRT1–p38–TTP might play a key role in DN. We believe that these findings may be of some value for deepening the understanding of DN and may serve as a reference for future treatment of this disease.
An ultrastructural focus on the buccal cavity of the grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758): Adaptative dietary implications
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Massoud Ehab , El‐Kott Attalla , Morsy Kareem , El‐Bakary Neveen E. R. , Kandyle Ramadan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current investigation represented the first anatomical description of the buccal cavity of the grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus. For the achievement of this study, 10 heads of mature fish were used for SEM examinations. The morphological characteristic appearance of the buccal cavity has shown several adaptations in relation concerning its feeding habits. The median fissure of the upper lip divided the upper lip into two halves, this fissure appeared to be formed from many micro‐tubercles with numerous taste buds which aid in holding mucus secretion to the cell surface, help in mucus spread, and provide mechanical protection to the epithelium. Velum had two regions: median and peripheral region. The epithelium covering of the median region of the upper velum had dots‐like epithelial protrusion that carrying numerous taste buds, meanwhile, the epithelium covering of the lower velum not carried taste buds but instead carried numerous small scales‐like structures. The palate is divided into two semicircular regions by small region of microridges into the anterior and posterior region. The slightly bifid tongue had a median tubercle with numerous small taste buds on its dorsal surface. Concluded, these data were necessary to understand the adaptation of fish to its habitat and in developing a new and better method for fishing of this type of fish.
Preserving NLST mortality benefits and acceptable morbidity for lung cancer surgery in a community hospital
Authors: Jacobson Francine L. , Dezube Aaron R. , Bravo‐iñiguez Carlos , Kucukak Suden , Bay Camden P. , Wee Jon O. , Coppolino Antonio A. , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Ducko Christopher T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to demonstrate whether academic thoracic surgeons could achieve morbidity and mortality rates in community hospitals equivalent to those seen in National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of community hospital lung cancer procedures for clinical Stage I–III non‐small‐cell lung cancers from 2007 through 2014. Variables include age, comorbidities, computed tomography (CT) characterization, and operative techniques.ResultsThere were 177 patients who had lung cancers removed by a minimally invasive approach (79%), including lobectomy in 127 (72%), segmentectomy in 4 (2%), and wedge‐resections in 46 (26%). The median patient age was 71 years (interquartile range [IQR], 63–76). The cohort was primarily female (58%), clinical Stage I (82%), with a median tumor size of 2.3 cm (IQR, 1.5–3.3). The median length of stay was 6 days (range: 1–35). Complications were experienced by 78 (44.1%) patients, most commonly atrial fibrillation in 20 (11.3%) followed by air‐leak in 19 (10.7%). There were no in‐hospital deaths. Tumor location and extent of resection were associated with complications, while larger tumor size, margin contour, and resection method were associated with air‐leak (all p < 0.05). Higher clinical stage and larger tumor size were associated with occult Stage III disease (both p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe low morbidity and mortality rates from the NLST were achievable in a community setting for early‐stage lung cancer. Characterization of cancers using CT imaging identified factors most commonly associated with postoperative complications and the presence of occult Stage III disease.
RNA Sequencing and Pathways Analyses of Middle Ear Epithelia From Patients With Otitis Media
Authors: Stabenau Kaleigh A. , Zimmermann Michael T. , Mathison Angela , Zeighami Atefeh , Samuels Tina L. , Chun Robert H. , Papsin Blake C. , McCormick Michael E. , Johnston Nikki , Kerschner Joseph E. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesOtitis media (OM) is the most common pediatric diagnosis in the United States. However, our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of OM remains relatively poor. Investigation of molecular pathways involved in OM may improve the understanding of this disease process and elucidate novel therapeutic targets. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was used to discern cellular changes associated with OME compared to healthy middle ear epithelium (MEE).Study DesignEx vivo case‐control translational.MethodsMiddle ear epithelia was collected from five pediatric patients diagnosed with OME undergoing tympanostomy tube placement and five otherwise healthy pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation. Specimens underwent RNA‐Seq and pathways analyses.ResultsA total of 1,292 genes exhibited differential expression in MEE from OME patients compared to controls including genes involved in inflammation, immune response to bacterial OM pathogens, mucociliary clearance, regulation of proliferation and transformation, and auditory cell differentiation. Top networks identified in OME were organismal injury and abnormalities, cell morphology, and auditory disease. Top Ingenuity canonical pathways identified were axonal guidance signaling, which contains genes associated with auditory development and disease and nicotine degradation II and III pathways. Associated upstream regulators included β‐estradiol, dexamethasone, and G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor‐1 (GPER1), which are associated with otoprotection or inflammation during insult.ConclusionsRNA‐Seq demonstrates differential gene expression in MEE from patients with OME compared to healthy controls with important implications for infection susceptibility, hearing loss, and a role for tobacco exposure in the development and/or severity of OME in pediatric patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2590–2597, 2021
Increased Thrombin‐Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in Response to Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Yoshida Kanako , Takabayashi Tetsuji , Imoto Yoshimasa , Sakashita Masafumi , Kato Yukinori , Narita Norihiko , Fujieda Shigeharu 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to determine the role of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) as a candidate biomarker for therapeutic efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and to identify the role of TAFI in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study and laboratory study.MethodsSerum was collected from patients with allergies to Japanese cedar pollen before, during, and after treatment with SLIT. We measured the levels of immunoreactive TAFI, C3a, and C5a in serum by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessed their relative impact on a combined symptom‐medication score. We also examined the impact of TAFI on mast cells and fibroblasts in experiments performed in vitro.ResultsSerum levels of TAFI increased significantly in response to SLIT. By contrast, serum C3a levels decreased significantly over time; we observed a significant negative correlation between serum levels of TAFI versus C3a and symptom‐medication score. Mast cell degranulation was inhibited in response to TAFI, as it was the expression of both CCL11 and CCL5 in cultured fibroblasts.ConclusionsHigh serum levels of TAFI may be induced by SLIT. TAFI may play a critical protective role in pathogenesis of AR by inactivating C3a and by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and chemokines expression in fibroblasts.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2413–2420, 2021
Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck With Wide Local Excision Versus Mohs
Authors: Namin Arya W. , Oudin Edouard M. , Tassone Patrick T. , Galloway Tabitha L.I. , Dooley Laura M. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesDetermine if Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is associated with improved overall survival compared to wide local excision (WLE) when treating cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN) and to report the proportion of patients treated with MMS versus WLE who also underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) analyzing the overall survival of patients diagnosed with T1 to T4 CMHN between 2004 and 2016 who were treated with either WLE or MMS.ResultsOn multivariable analysis, treatment with WLE versus MMS was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR, 1.094; 95% CI, 0.997–1.201). On multivariable analysis, lower Charlson‐Deyo score (HR, 0.489; 95% CI, 0.427–0.560), negative margins (HR, 0.754; 95% CI, 0.705–0.807), and N0 classification (HR 0.698; 95% CI, 0.668–0.730) were associated with improved overall survival. Seventy‐seven percent of patients treated with MMS did not undergo SLNB, while 45% of patients treated with WLE did not undergo SLNB (P < .001).ConclusionsNo difference in overall survival between MMS and WLE when treating CMHN. Patients treated with MMS were significantly less likely to undergo SLNB, suggesting an opportunity for enhancement of multidisciplinary care.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2490–2496, 2021
Relationship of HER2 Alteration and Microsatellite Instability Status in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qiu Miao-Zhen , He Cai-Yun , Yang Xin-Hua , Yang Li-Qiong , Lin Jun-Zhong , Zhou Da-Lei , Long Ya-Kang , Guan Wen-Long , Jin Ying , Li Yu-Hong , Wang Feng-Hua , Yang Da-Jun , Xu Rui-Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The impact of HER2 somatic mutations in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has not been well studied and its relationship with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is yet to be fully elucidated.

Materials and Methods
From February 2017 to February 2020, the data of patients with CRC who underwent next-generation sequencing and had detailed record of clinicopathological information were investigated. HER2 alteration and its relationship with MSI-H were analyzed.

Results
Among 731 patients who underwent sequencing, 55 patients (7.5%) had HER2 alteration, including 29 (4.0%) with HER2 somatic mutations, 24 (3.3%) with HER2 gene amplification, and 2 patients (0.2%) with both HER2 mutations and amplification. R678Q was the most common mutated kinase domain, and no HER2 kinase domain in-frame insertions/deletions were found in HER2 mutated cases. MSI-H was found in 5.2% of our cohort and 36.8% of MSI-H patients had HER2 mutation. For HER2 mutated cases, 48.3% were MSI-H, whereas none of the HER2 amplification cases were MSI-H. MSI-H patients with HER2 mutation had significantly worse median progression-free survival for programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody than those without HER2 alteration (p = .036).

Conclusion
High MSI-H rate was found in HER2 mutated cases, but no MSI-H was found in HER2 amplification cases. MSI-H patients with HER2 mutated had worse progression-free survival for PD-1 antibody than those without.

Implications for Practice
This study highlights the high microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) rate in HER2 mutated cases but no MSI-H in HER2 amplification cases. Moreover MSI-H patients with HER2 mutated had worse progression-free survival for programmed death-1 antibody than those without. Further research to explore the internal relationship between HER2 alteration and MSI-H is needed.
Potent antitumor effect of T cells armed with anti‐GD2 bispecific antibody
Authors: Nakajima Miho , Guo Hong‐fen , Hoseini Sayed Shahabuddin , Suzuki Maya , Xu Hong , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHumanized 3F8‐bispecific antibody (hu3F8‐BsAb) using the IgG(L)‐scFv format (where scFv is single‐chain variable fragment), where the anti‐CD3 huOKT3 scFv is fused with the carboxyl end of the hu3F8 light chain, has potent antitumor cytotoxicity against GD2(+) tumors. To overcome the insufficient number and function of T cells in cancer patients, they can be rejuvenated and expanded ex vivo before arming with hu3F8‐BsAb for adoptive transfer, potentially reducing toxic side effects from direct BsAb administration.ProcedureT cells from normal volunteers were expanded and activated ex vivo using CD3/CD28 beads for 8 days. Activated T cells (ATCs) were harvested and co‐incubated with a Good Manufacturing Practice grade hu3F8‐BsAb at room temperature for 20 min. These armed ATCs were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo against human GD2(+) cell lines and patient‐derived xenografts in BALB‐Rag2−/−IL‐2R‐γc‐KO mice.ResultsHu3F8‐BsAb armed ATCs showed robust antigen‐specific tumor cytotoxicity against GD2(+) tumors in vitro. In vivo, T cells armed with hu3F8‐BsAb were highly cytotoxic against GD2(+) melanoma and neuroblastoma xenografts in mice, accompanied by T‐cell infiltration without significant side effects. Only zeptomole (10−21) quantities of BsAb per T cell was required for maximal antitumor effects. Tumor response was a function of T‐cell dose.ConclusionBsAb armed T cells may have clinical utility as the next generation of cytotherapy combined with recombinant BsAb against human tumors for both adult and pediatrics, if autologous T cells can be activated and expanded ex vivo.
Temozolomide with irinotecan versus temozolomide, irinotecan plus bevacizumab for recurrent medulloblastoma of childhood: Report of a COG randomized Phase II screening trial
Authors: Levy Adam S. , Krailo Mark , Chi Susan , Villaluna Doojduen , Springer Linda , Williams‐Hughes Chris , Fouladi Maryam , Gajjar Amar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Approximately 30% of children with medulloblastoma (MB) experience recurrence, which is usually incurable. This study compared the overall survival (OS) of patients receiving temozolomide (TMZ) and irinotecan with that of patients receiving TMZ, irinotecan, and bevacizumab for recurrent MB/central nervous system (CNS) primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory MB or CNS PNET were randomly assigned to receive TMZ (150 mg/m2/day PO on days 1–5) and irinotecan (50 mg/m2/day IV on days 1–5) with or without bevacizumab (10 mg/kg IV on days 1 and 15).Results: One hundred five patients were eligible and treated on study. Median OS was 13 months in the standard arm and 19 months with the addition of bevacizumab; median event‐free survival (EFS) was 6 months in the standard arm and 9 months with the addition of bevacizumab. The hazard ratio for death from the stratified relative‐risk regression model is 0.63. Overall, 23 patients completed 12 courses of planned protocol therapy, 23% (12/52) in the experimental arm with bevacizumab versus 21% (11/53) in the standard arm. Toxicity profiles were comparable in both treatment arms. The estimate of the incidence of feasibility events associated with the bevacizumab arm is three of 52 (5.8%) (95% CI 1.2–16%). Events included myelosuppression, electrolyte abnormalities, diarrhea, and elevated transaminases. One intracranial hemorrhage event was observed in each arm.Conclusion: The addition of bevacizumab to TMZ/irinotecan significantly reduced the risk of death in children with recurrent MB. The combination was relatively well tolerated in this heavily pretreated cohort. The three‐drug regimen demonstrated a sufficient risk reduction to warrant further investigation.
Trans‐ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail
Authors: Curtis Grace H. , Nogueiro Sara , Schneider Sydney , Bernhofer Marissa , McDermott Mara , Nixon Erin , Perez Kylie Noelle , Reeve Robyn E. , Easterling Marietta R. , Crespi Erica J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPermethrin is a commonly used, highly effective pesticide in poultry agriculture, and has recently been trialed in conservation efforts to protect Galápagos finch hatchlings from an invasive ectoparasite. Although permethrin is considered safe for adults, pesticides can have health consequences when animals are exposed during early life stages. The few studies that have examined permethrin's effects in embryonic chicks and rats have shown hydrocephaly, anencephaly, reduced cellular energy conversion, and disruption of developing heart muscle. To test whether trans‐ovo exposure of permethrin affects early development in birds, we exposed Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to cotton treated with 1% permethrin that was incorporated into nests in two amounts (0.2, 0.8 g), each with a paired untreated cotton control group. When measured on incubation Day 15, we found permethrin‐treated developing birds were smaller and showed signs of microcephaly, although mortality rates were the same. Despite no difference in heart mass, ventricular tissue was less compact, cardiac arteries were reduced and heart rates were slower in permethrin‐treated birds. Differences in heart development were also observed at 5 days of incubation, indicating that abnormalities are present from early in cardiac development. Future studies are needed to examine permethrin's effects on developmental pathways and to determine if these effects persist after hatching to affect offspring health. This study provides evidence that permethrin can cross the eggshell to cause non‐lethal but adverse effects on embryonic development, and studies should look beyond hatching when monitoring the efficacy of permethrin on wild bird populations.
Calcified uterine leiomyoma: A rare association with inguinal hernia in a dog
Authors: Sabrina Manfredi , Zanfabro Matteo , Martina Fabbi , Silvia Ferro , Antonella Volta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old intact female Pug dog was presented with a 3‐month history of left inguinal distension. A tentative diagnosis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and uterine mineralisation with inguinal herniation was made together with palpation, abdominal radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Ovariohysterectomy and hernioplasty were simultaneously performed. The left uterine horn was herniated through the inguinal ring. On histopathology, multinodular calcified uterine leiomyoma associated with a diffuse endometrial cystic hyperplasia was diagnosed. Uterine herniation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inguinal mass in an intact bitch, and uterine neoplasia may be found as an underlying disease.