bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAT SCRATCH DISEASE
Authors: Wentworth Frederick H. 
Published: December 2021

SINCE the first report by Debré in 1950 of a syndrome of regional lymphadenopathy after a cat scratch, a number of publications reporting several hundred cases have firmly established cat scratch disease as a clinical entity. The role of the cat in the natural history of the disease is not clearly understood, but the available evidence suggests the cat acts as a vehicle of transmission of an infectious agent although its role as a reservoir of infection has not been completely ruled out. The usual method of transmission appears to be inoculation of the agent at the site of a cat scratch, but other possible methods of transmission such as inhalation of the agent are substantiated by the several reported cases with a history of contact with cats but with no definite history of a scratch.
Daniels and MacMurray in 1954 reported an analysis of 160 cases, and in 1955 Kalter and associates summarized 250 cases which had come under their observation. Both of these reports gave excellent descriptions of the clinical features of the illness and this paper has drawn heavily upon their observations.
The primary feature of the clinical syndrome of cat scratch disease is lymphadenopathy which is usually regional and restricted to the drainage area of the site of the inoculation. Involvement of the lymph nodes of the upper extremity after inoculation on the hand or arm is most frequently observed. Cervical or inguinal involvement is not uncommon and occasionally generalized lymphadenopathy has been reported. The nodes are usually quite large, ranging up to several centimeters in diameter.
STUDIES ON THE ALLERGENICITY OF COW'S MILK
Authors: Ratner Bret , Dworetzky Murray , Oguri Satoko , Aschheim Lydie 
Published: December 2021

Oral challenge with heat-denatured milk produced no reactions in guinea pigs sensitized parenterally to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, but produced typical anaphylactic reactions in animals sensitized to the heat-stable alpha-casein. In contrast, feeding of pasteurized skimmed milk resulted in frequent reactions in animals sensitized to alpha-casein and betalactoglobulin and one reaction in an animal sensitized to alpha-lactalbumin.
Oral administration of heat-denatured milk failed to produce sensitization, even as tested by intravenous challenge with pasteurized skimmed milk. In contrast, pasteurized skimmed milk, given orally, resulted in sensitization of about two-thirds of the animals, as tested later by oral challenge with pasteurized skimmed milk, and of an even greater proportion as tested by intravenous challenge.
Although alpha-casein is generally considered to be heat stable, under the conditions of these experiments the evidence indicated that it may be partially denatured by heat.
These studies, designed to stimulate clinical sensitization to milk, suggest that heatdenatured milk can be fed safely to individuals allergic to milk, unless they are extraordinarily sensitive to the heat-stable alpha-casein.
RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY AND FUNCTION IN NEWBORN INFANTS DYING WITH PULMONARY HYALINE MEMBRANES
Authors: Miller Herbert C. , Behrle Franklin C. , Smull Ned W. 
Published: December 2021

The respiratory activity and function of 10 newborn infants dying with pulmonary hyaline membranes were compared with those of surviving infants who had severe respiratory insufficiency.
Both groups compensated by increasing respiratory rates during the period of respiratory insufficiency. The respiratory rates of the surviving infants rose to higher levels than did those of infants dying with hyaline membranes. Surviving infants were able to compensate satisfactorily even though the tidal volumes were less than normal. Some of the infants dying with hyaline membranes were unable to oxygenate the blood satisfactorily or adjust acid-base balance in spite of the fact they increased their tidal volumes significantly on occasions. Moderate to severe dyspnea was usually present in both groups at birth. Dyspnea usually decreased rapidly and often disappeared entirely in surviving infants during the period the respiratory rates were increasing. Dyspnea generally was maintained from birth onwards in infants dying with hyaline membranes and sometimes increased during the hours preceding their deaths.
Most infants dying with hyaline membranes exhibited signs of respiratory insufficiency from birth to death, such as initial apnea and bradypnea, cyanosis and increasing respiratory rates. Evidence of a symptom-free period after birth was exceptional.
The immediate causes of death in infants with pulmonary hyaline membranes probably are multiple, and include respiratory acidosis, deficient oxygenation and possibly physical exhaustion due to extreme dyspnea.
In comparing respiratory rates of infants with severe respiratory insufficiency, recognition should be given to the fact that infants in the heavier birth-weight groups tend to develop higher respiratory rates than infants who weigh less.
Complications of Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: NESTEL P. 
Published: December 2021

I have read with interest the article "Complications of hyperbilirubinaemia— possible relation to the metabolism of ammonia" by M. K. Gorten et al. (Pediatrics, 21:27, 1958).
It may be of interest that corollary evidence to support the argument put forward by Dr. Gorten is the finding of gross aminoaciduria in infants affected by severe erythroblastosis fetalis (Nestel & Nestel, M. J. Australia, 44:909, 1957). The contention has been that kernicterus may be the result of abnormal nitrogen metabolism secondary to hepatic insufficiency, which invariably occurs in severe erythroblastosis.
CERULOPLASMIN ACTIVITY IN THE SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Bakwin Ruth Morris , Mosbach Erwin H. , Bakwin Harry 
Published: December 2021

The ceruloplasmin (monoamine oxidase) activity was measured in time serums of 45 children with schizophrenia, using the technique of Abood. No difference from normal children was found.
It was further shown that ascorbic acid, over a wide range of concentrations, has no influence on the measured values of monoamine oxidase activity, in the technique employed.
CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS: CROUZON'S DISEASE
Authors: Dodge Henry W. , Wood Matthew W. , Kennedy Roger L. J. 
Published: December 2021

IN 1912 Crouzon presented his classic paper to the Medical Society of the Hospitals of Paris. It was a report on two patients, a 29-year-old mother and her 3-year-old son, with strange malformations of the face and head to which he gave the name "hereditary craniofacial dysostosis." In general Crouzon listed the following factors as characteristic of the disease: 1) cranial malformation that is a combination both of a skull in the shape of a boat (scaphocephaly) and in the shape of a wedge (trigonocephaly); 2) malformation of the face resulting in an arched nose resembling a parrot's beak and marked protrusion of the mandible beyond the maxilla (prognathism); 3) bilateral exophthalmos with external strabismus; and finally 4) a hereditary and familial occurrence of these malformations. In addition to these four main characteristics of the syndrome, the child described in Crouzon's paper also had suffered from epilepsy and urinary incontinence. In discussing the possible etiology of this disorder, the author favored the hypothesis that it represented a hereditary malformation of embryonic origin.
Since this original report, Crouzon and others have had the opportunity to see and report on additional cases of this strange malady. Atkinson reviewed the literature in 1937 and found that, to that time, 86 certain cases of this condition had been reported. In 28 of the 86 cases occurrence of the disorder in other members of the afflicted member's family was not mentioned. Vogt described this condition associated with syndactylism, and in 1942 Arce and Arce reviewed the roentgenologic findings in eight cases of pathologic synostosis of the vault, including Crouzon's disease.
Parks and Costenbader presented the cases of three patients having Crouzon's disease, one of whom had undergone operation, and Pinkerton and Pinkerton reported four cases of craniofacial dysostosis in a family of seven.
Three members of the family reported by the Pinkertons, including the father, were normal. Four others in this family, including the mother, had Crouzon's disease. One of those affected was a 3½-year-old girl with marked visual impairment and ophthalmoscopic evidence of chronic increased intracranial pressure. Cranial surgery was recommended in this instance but was refused.
INCREASED AMINO-ACIDURIA IN INFANTS WITH KWASHIORKOR FED NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC DIETS
Authors: Schendel Harold E. , Antonis Arnold , Hansen John D. L. 
Published: December 2021

There appears to be a temporarily increased (three-to eightfold) amino-aciduria in kwashiorkor, which is rapidly reduced with treatment. This increased excretion was apparent when the data were expressed as a function of body weight or excretion of creatinine, as a percentage of intake or as amino-acid index. Further, this increase is due to the increased output of 17 amino acids rather than any single acid.
Secondly, there is a grossly increased amino-aciduria in both normal infants and infants with kwashiorkor fed two synthetic amino-acid formulae, theoretically adequate: this appears to be due to a large extent to those acids present in the formula as the DL-isomers, although excretion of D-acids was also higher in the patients with kwashiorkor than in controls.
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA ASSOCIATED WITH POLYCYTHEMIA
Authors: Gold Arnold P. , Michael Alfred F. 
Published: December 2021

A patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is presented with the heretofore undescribed association of polycythemia.
It is hoped that this report will stimulate further interest in the hematologic study of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during the immediate neonatal period.
A PATCH TEST FOR CHLORIDE IN SWEAT AS A SIMPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR DETECTING CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Gluck Louis 
Published: December 2021

A simple patch test, designed as a screening test for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, is reported in preliminary form. In trials carried out with 207 patients it has proved accurate and reliable.
A brief resume of the physiology of sweating, especially as pertinent to diagnostic methods in pediatrics, is also presented.
Studies are in progress aiming toward further refinement of this method.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: ABLER CHARLES 
Published: December 2021

Congratulations on your stimulating editorial "Can the New Pediatrics be Practiced?" I ask your indulgence to rephrase it to "Can the New Medicine be Practiced?" because my remarks embrace the entire field.
Progress in medical knowledge has occurred, will continue to occur, and consequently has and should continue to improve available medical care. As a necessary corollary there must occur better training of physicians. This makes it necessary to re-orient the classification of physicians along the following lines, to optimally utilize the skills of the better and highly trained physicians that this newer medical knowledge demands:
1) General practitioners in the younger age group—old terminology = pediatricians.
2) General practitioners in the older age group—old terminology = internists.
Exchange Transfusion for Hyperbilirubinemia in Premature Infants
Authors: BOGGS THOMAS R. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Gerald H. Holman's conclusions as presented in his article (Studies on physiologic hyperbilirubinemia of Negro and white premature infants. Pediatrics, 22: 1115, 1958) should not go unchallenged. I am referring specifically to his statement: "routine exchange transfusions for elevated concentrations of bilirubin (in premature infants) does not seem warranted."
Failure to be strongly critical of such a notion in the light of current knowledge might well result in the loss of ground gained in our efforts to prevent kernicterus, with resultant death and cerebral palsy. It is unfortunate that through publication in Pediatrics this idea gains some measure of sanction and support.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: HOLMAN GERALD H. 
Published: December 2021

I welcome this opportunity to further discuss the criteria for the use of routine exchange transfusions in the premature infant with hyperbilirubinemia.
Although it is well established that kernicterus due to "physiologic hyperbilirubinemia" can and does occur in the premature infant, its exact incidence in untreated premature infants is not known. Figures vary from 1 to 5% of all prematures. Even less understood, is the incidence of kernicterus in premature infants whose serum bilirubins reach 18 mg/100 ml or higher. Meyer states that 60% of prematures whose bilirubin reaches 18 mg/100 ml or higher will develop kernicterus.
Toxicity of Phenothiazine Compounds
Authors: GOLDSMITH RICHARD W. 
Published: December 2021

I have been very interested in the recent exchange of letters (Pediatrics, 22: 1201, 1958) regarding the toxicity of the phenothiazine compounds. I have witnessed many cases of typical toxicity to phenothiazine drugs and have made several observations which I would like to record.
The symptoms are completely listed by Dr. Bowen's letter. The patients referred to in the following paragraphs illustrate the majority of these symptoms. It is my impression that these symptoms are distinctly not convulsive in nature, but rather are manifestations related to the extrapyramidal tract.
VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: MAY CHARLES D. 
Published: December 2021

THE selection of the supplementary vitamins that may be needed should be one of the simplest things the physician has to do in prescribing the diet for an infant or child. At least one would be inclined to believe scientific nutrition must have progressed this far. And yet confusion and wasteful error characterize the customary use of vitamin supplements in academic centers as well as by practitioners. Why?
The remarkable variety of commercial preparations of vitamins now available makes a choice difficult. Without elementary knowledge of the vitamins needed to maintain the health of normal infants, in contrast to the unusual requirements in disease, it is easy to yield to the temptation to give every infant and child a superabundance of vitamins in an all-inclusive supplement—just to be sure.
Such casualness amounts to lavish generosity.
A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURES OF INFANTS
Authors: Rice H. V. , Posener L. J. 
Published: December 2021

A new, indirect method of determination of systolic blood pressures applicable to small infants has been described. It has been shown to be consistent, reproducible, and to correlate closely with the standard auscultatory method. The appartus used is compact, portable, inexpensive, provides quick results and does not irritate or injure the patient. It lends itself readily to the recording of systolic pressures.
Limited results obtained by the new technique were presented and compared with those obtained by other methods.
Further data for statistical purposes are being compiled.
OFFICE EVALUATION OF VISION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Costenbader Frank Duncan 
Published: December 2021

I AM PLEASED to be included on a panel discussing the special senses in conjunction with intelligence and certain skills. It would seem that in so grouping these subjects, the eyes, the ears and the other senses have no longer been considered isolated phenomena but as parts of an integrated whole.
It seems important at this early point in the discussion to emphasize the fact that the term "vision" is frequently misused, usually only connoting visual acuity. It should be emphasized that vision in its broadest sense includes visual acuity, the extent of the fields of vision, the normality or abnormality of binocular vision, and the adequacy of the visual associations such as recognition, identification and memory. It seems superfluous to point out that excellent visual acuity, if seen through a gun barrel, is by no means satisfying. Also, that a full, wide field of vision, when the object of interest is blurred, is most unsatisfactory. Having two eyes, each of which is a perfect unit, but not seeing together well and comfortably, is most annoying and handicapping. Finally, referring back to the brain a perfect visual image, which cannot be properly recognized and identified and then correlated with similar images previously received, is a totally frustrating experience.
Thus, for a child "to see well" he must see clearly the thing he looks straight at, he must see widely the things about him, as well as the object of interest, he must have his two eyes properly co-ordinated, and he must be able to recognize, identify and associate this image with related images and activities of the past.
Perspectives in Virology
Authors: PARROTT ROBERT H. 
Published: December 2021

Perspectives in Virology is a compendium of scientific and philosophic discussions conducted at a symposium to honor Dr. F. R. Beaudette. The list of participants in itself is an honor to his memory but the content of the papers and discussions are a real tribute to the broad stature which modern virology is beginning to enjoy.
The papers wander from such basic subjects as the chemical nature of tobacco mosaic virus through discussions of new viruses in man to an intensely interesting and entertaining dissertation on the role of viruses in tulip breaking. One might gather from the above that this is not particularly a textbook with broad coverage such as would be appropriate for the day-to-day needs or studies of the student or practicing pediatrician.
VACCINATION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: SMITH MARGARET H. D. 
Published: December 2021

WHILE DEATHS from tuberculosis have decreased sharply in this country, the number of new cases has not, so that there is still leeway for improvement in the control of this disease. Safe, effective immunizing agents have contributed immeasurably toward the control of other communicable diseases. What is the situation in 1959 with respect to vaccination against tuberculosis? This Commentary and the paper by Barclay in this issue of Pediatrics consider this question.
Already in Koch's day the search was on for a vaccine against tuberculosis. Tuberculin, as well as tubercle bacilli killed or attenuated in various ways and strains of tubercle bacilli derived from cold-blooded animals, proved disappointing. Calmette and Guérin, working with a virulent bovine strain of tubercle bacillus isolated in 1902, found that it lost virulence when sub-cultured at frequent intervals on special media. By 1922, the "BCG" strain appeared stable and was administered orally to infants. Soon afterwards, despite pleas from prominent French clinicians of the day, mass vaccination was undertaken without adequate controls, and the vaccine fell into disrepute.
"A Physician Looks at Psychiatry"
Authors: GRUNEBAUM HENRY 
Published: December 2021

I was disturbed some months ago by Dr. Harry Bakwin's review of Dr. Jacques May's book "A Physician Looks at Psychiatry." (Pediatrics, 23:758, 1959). I did not write because of the hope that more experienced child psychiatrists than myself would do so. It does, however, seem to me that the review does psychiatry a disservice.
Dr. Bakwin comments "when Dr. May and his wife consulted psychiatrists hopefully anticipating kindly understanding and wise insight, they were met, instead, by aloofness and distrust. They were the culprits . . . the irresponsible persons who through deceit, rejection, and an insincere emotional veneer had injured their children . . . they were the guilty ones." Now this is almost a direct quote from Dr. May's book so one must presume that Dr. Bakwin agrees that this experience is typical of patients coming to child psychiatrists.
TRANSMISSION OF HOSPITAL STAPHYLOCOCCI AMONG NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Hurst Valerie 
Published: December 2021

A newly opened nursery became contaminated with staphylococci resistant to antibiotics as soon as infants and nursing personnel were transferred to it from another nursery. The phage patterns and antibiotic sensitivity of the staphylococci recovered from the air were identical to those colonizing the infants and were different from those carried in the noses and throats of the personnel. Plate counts of staphylococci present in the nursery air were approximately threefold higher than those obtained in adjacent areas inhabited by nursery personnel and not by the infants.
The carrier rate, as determined by cultures of nose and throat, of infants discharged from the new nursery did not differ from that of infants discharged from the old nursery, despite greater space, more individualized nursing care, masking of the nurses, and air-conditioning. As newly born infants derive their staphylococci primarily from older infants, hospital nurseries may have to be replaced by rooming-in units specifically designed to meet present-day epidemiologic problems.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: STANTON ROBERT E. , JOOS HOWARD A. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Dr. Kove's interest and comments. Of course, our results refer only to single determinations, and they are interpreted only as such. No serial observations are reported on interpreted. The conclusion is valid that single determinations of S-GOT will not differentiate hepatic diseases. Dr. Kove's own published data confirm the observation that single determinations at variable points during the course of an illness do not reliably differentiate the cause of jaundice.
We agree with Dr. Kove that the stage of disease should be taken into account in interpreting S-GOT.
THE OCCURRENCE OF CYANOSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATIC DISEASE
Authors: Groth John F. , Friedman Sidney 
Published: December 2021

The clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings are described in a 9-year-old male with cirrhosis of the liver who demonstrated chronic cyanosis and clubbing.
The possible mechanisms of cyanosis in patients with chronic hepatic disease and portal hypertension are discussed. The development of portopulmonary anastomoses with flow of blood in the direction of the pulmonary veins as a result of portal hypertension is considered the most plausible mechanism.