bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General mitigation techniques for coherent beam instabilities in particle accelerators
Authors: Métral Elias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn important number of coherent beam instability mechanisms can be observed in a particle accelerator, depending if the latter is linear or circular, operated at low, medium or high energy, with a small or a huge amount of turns (for circular machines), close to transition energy or not (below or above), with only one bunch or many bunches, with counter-rotating beams (such as in colliders) or not, if the beam is positively or negatively charged, if one is interested in the longitudinal plane or in the transverse plane, in the presence of linear coupling between the transverse planes or not, in the presence of nonlinearities or not, in the presence of noise or not, etc. Building a realistic impedance model of a machine is a necessary step to be able to evaluate the machine performance limitations, identify the main contributors in case an impedance reduction is required, and study the interaction with other mechanisms such as optics (linear and nonlinear), RF gymnastics, transverse damper, noise, space charge, electron cloud, and beam–beam (in a collider). Better characterising an instability is the first step before trying to find appropriate mitigation measures and push the performance of a particle accelerator, as some mitigation methods are beneficial for some effects and detrimental for some others. For this, an excellent instrumentation is of paramount importance to be able to diagnose if the instability is longitudinal or transverse, single bunch, or coupled bunch, involving only one mode of oscillation or several, and the evolution of the intrabunch motion with intensity is a fundamental observable with high-intensity high-brightness beams. Finally, among the possible mitigation methods of coherent beam instabilities, the ones perturbing the least the single-particle motion (leading to the largest necessary dynamic aperture and beam lifetime) and easiest to implement for day-to-day operation in the machine control room should be preferred.
Completeness of Graphical Languages for Mixed State Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Carette Titouan , Jeandel Emmanuel , Perdrix Simon , Vilmart Renaud 
Published: December 2021

There exist several graphical languages for quantum information processing, like quantum circuits, ZX-calculus, ZW-calculus, and so on. Each of these languages forms a †-symmetric monoidal category (†-SMC) and comes with an interpretation functor to the †-SMC of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In recent years, one of the main achievements of the categorical approach to quantum mechanics has been to provide several equational theories for most of these graphical languages, making them complete for various fragments of pure quantum mechanics.

We address the question of how to extend these languages beyond pure quantum mechanics to reason about mixed states and general quantum operations, i.e., completely positive maps. Intuitively, such an extension relies on the axiomatisation of a
discard
map that allows one to get rid of a quantum system, an operation that is not allowed in pure quantum mechanics.

We introduce a new construction, the
discard construction
, which transforms any †-symmetric monoidal category into a symmetric monoidal category equipped with a discard map. Roughly speaking this construction consists in making any isometry causal.

Using this construction, we provide an extension for several graphical languages that we prove to be complete for general quantum operations. However, this construction fails for some fringe cases like Clifford+T quantum mechanics, as the category does not have enough isometries.
Quingo: A Programming Framework for Heterogeneous Quantum-Classical Computing with NISQ Features
Authors: Fu X. , Yu Jintao , Su Xing , Jiang Hanru , Wu Hua , Cheng Fucheng , Deng Xi , Zhang Jinrong , Jin Lei , Yang Yihang , Xu Le , Hu Chunchao , Huang Anqi , Huang Guangyao , Qiang Xiaogang , Deng Mingtang , Xu Ping , Xu Weixia , Liu Wanwei , Zhang Yu , Deng Yuxin , Wu Junjie , Feng Yuan 
Published: December 2021

The increasing control complexity of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) systems underlines the necessity of integrating quantum hardware with quantum software. While mapping heterogeneous quantum-classical computing (HQCC) algorithms to NISQ hardware for execution, we observed a few dissatisfactions in quantum programming languages (QPLs), including difficult mapping to hardware, limited expressiveness, and counter-intuitive code. In addition, noisy qubits require repeatedly performed quantum experiments, which explicitly operate low-level configurations, such as pulses and timing of operations. This requirement is beyond the scope or capability of most existing QPLs.
We summarize three execution models to depict the quantum-classical interaction of existing QPLs. Based on the refined HQCC model, we propose the Quingo framework to integrate and manage quantum-classical software and hardware to provide the programmability over HQCC applications and map them to NISQ hardware. We propose a six-phase quantum program life-cycle model matching the refined HQCC model, which is implemented by a runtime system. We also propose the Quingo programming language, an external domain-specific language highlighting timer-based timing control and opaque operation definition, which can be used to describe quantum experiments. We believe the Quingo framework could contribute to the clarification of key techniques in the design of future HQCC systems.
Queryable Compression on Time-evolving Web and Social Networks with Streaming
Authors: Nelson Michael , Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Sekharan Chandra , Chatterjee Amlan , Krishna Sudhindra Gopal 
Published: December 2021

Time-evolving web and social network graphs are modeled as a set of pages/individuals (nodes) and their arcs (links/relationships) that change over time. Due to their popularity, they have become increasingly massive in terms of their number of nodes, arcs, and lifetimes. However, these graphs are extremely sparse throughout their lifetimes. For example, it is estimated that Facebook has over a billion vertices, yet at any point in time, it has far less than 0.001% of all possible relationships. The space required to store these large sparse graphs may not fit in most main memories using underlying representations such as a series of adjacency matrices or adjacency lists.
We propose building a compressed data structure that has a compressed binary tree corresponding to each row of each adjacency matrix of the time-evolving graph. We do not explicitly construct the adjacency matrix, and our algorithms take the time-evolving arc list representation as input for its construction. Our compressed structure allows for directed and undirected graphs, faster arc and neighborhood queries, as well as the ability for arcs and frames to be added and removed directly from the compressed structure (streaming operations). We use publicly available network data sets such as Flickr, Yahoo!, and Wikipedia in our experiments and show that our new technique performs as well or better than our benchmarks on all datasets in terms of compression size and other vital metrics.
Cancer-Specific Mortality in Asian American Women Diagnosed with Gynecologic Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Karia Pritesh S. , Tehranifar Parisa , Visvanathan Kala , Wright Jason D. , Genkinger Jeanine M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Cancer is the leading cause of death in Asian Americans (AA), the fastest-growing U.S. population group. Despite heterogeneity in socioeconomic status and health behaviors by ethnicity, few studies have assessed cancer outcomes across AA ethnic groups. We examined differences in gynecologic cancer mortality between AA ethnic groups and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW).

Methods:
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified ovarian (n = 69,113), uterine (n = 157,340), and cervical cancer cases (n = 41,460) diagnosed from 1991–2016. Competing risk regression was used to compare cancer-specific mortality for AAs by ethnicity, using NHW as the reference population.

Results:
In adjusted analyses, AAs had a lower risk of ovarian [HR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.94] and cervical cancer death (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75–0.87) than NHWs, with stronger associations among those ≥50 years at diagnosis [(HRovary, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82–0.92); (HRcervix, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67–0.81)]. No overall difference was noted for uterine cancer death (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97–1.10); however, AAs &lt;50 years at diagnosis had a higher risk of uterine cancer death than NHWs (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.46). Patterns of cancer mortality were heterogeneous, with Filipino and Chinese women at the highest risk of uterine cancer death and Indian/Pakistani women at the lowest risk of ovarian and cervical cancer death.

Conclusions:
There are significant differences in gynecologic cancer mortality between AAs and NHWs, with heterogeneity by AA ethnicity.

Impact:
Disaggregated analysis of AA is needed to better understand the burden of gynecologic cancer and identify high-risk groups for cancer prevention efforts.
Long-Term Outcomes After Melody Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement in the US Investigational Device Exemption Trial
Authors: Jones Thomas K. , McElhinney Doff B. , Vincent Julie A. , Hellenbrand William E. , Cheatham John P. , Berman Darren P. , Zahn Evan M. , Khan Danyal M. , Rhodes John F. , Weng Shicheng , Bergersen Lisa J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The Melody valve was developed to extend the useful life of previously implanted right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduits or bioprosthetic pulmonary valves, while preserving RV function and reducing the lifetime burden of surgery for patients with complex congenital heart disease.

Methods:
Enrollment for the US Investigational Device Exemption study of the Melody valve began in 2007. Extended follow-up was completed in 2020. The primary outcome was freedom from transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) dysfunction (freedom from reoperation, reintervention, moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation, and/or mean RVOT gradient >40 mm Hg). Secondary end points included stent fracture, catheter reintervention, surgical conduit replacement, and death.

Results:
One hundred seventy-one subjects with RVOT conduit or bioprosthetic pulmonary valve dysfunction were enrolled. One hundred fifty underwent Melody TPV replacement. Median age was 19 years (Q1–Q3: 15–26). Median discharge mean RVOT Doppler gradient was 17 mm Hg (Q1–Q3: 12–22). The 149 patients implanted >24 hours were followed for a median of 8.4 years (Q1–Q3: 5.4–10.1). At 10 years, estimated freedom from mortality was 90%, from reoperation 79%, and from any reintervention 60%. Ten-year freedom from TPV dysfunction was 53% and was significantly shorter in children than in adults. Estimated freedom from TPV-related endocarditis was 81% at 10 years (95% CI, 69%–89%), with an annualized rate of 2.0% per patient-year.

Conclusions:
Ten-year outcomes from the Melody Investigational Device Exemption trial affirm the benefits of Melody TPV replacement in the lifetime management of patients with RVOT conduits and bioprosthetic pulmonary valves by providing sustained symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement in the majority of patients.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00740870.
Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Disease: A Long-Term Perspective on the Need for Combined Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Li Shuang , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Giri Jay , Lopes Renato D. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) are often treated with the shortest possible duration of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to concern for bleeding. However, the risk of recurrent MI or PCI prompting antiplatelet therapy extension is unknown in this population.

Methods:

Using the National Cardiovascular Data Registry linked to Medicare claims, we described the cumulative incidence of recurrent MI or PCI over a median of 7-year follow-up for patients ≥65 years old with AF discharged alive after acute MI between 2008 and 2017. We used pharmacy fill data to describe the proportion of patients filling prescriptions for both oral anticoagulants and P2Y
12
inhibitors for ≥50% of the indicated duration after MI or PCI.

Results:

Of 187 622 older patients discharged alive after MI, 50 539 (26.9%) had AF. Over a median of 7-year follow-up in patients with AF, the cumulative incidence was 14.5% for recurrent MI, 12.1% for PCI, 7.9% for stroke, and 9.5% for bleeding hospitalization. Among 7998 patients with AF and recurrent MI or PCI, 1668 (20.9%) had >1 MI or PCI during follow-up. Assuming each MI or PCI should be followed by 6 months of P2Y
12
inhibitor therapy, patients with AF who had a recurrent MI/PCI had a median estimated indication for antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatment of 287 days (194, 358), but filled both P2Y
12
inhibitor and oral anticoagulant for a median of 0 days (0, 21). In this cohort, 12.2% of patients filled prescriptions for both a P2Y
12
inhibitor and oral anticoagulant for ≥50% of the indicated duration.

Conclusions:
Older adults with AF and MI have high incidences of downstream recurrent MI or PCI requiring extended antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy durations, yet many appear to be under-treated. These results highlight the need for better thrombosis prevention strategies in this group of patients.
Efficient coding in the economics of human brain
connectomics
Authors: Zhou Dale , Lynn Christopher W. , Cui Zaixu , Ciric Rastko , Baum Graham L. , Moore Tyler M. , Roalf David R. , Detre John A. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Bassett Dani S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In systems neuroscience, most models posit that brain regions communicate information under constraints of efficiency. Yet, evidence for efficient communication in structural brain networks characterized by hierarchical organization and highly connected hubs remains sparse. The principle of efficient coding proposes that the brain transmits maximal information in a metabolically economical or compressed form to improve future behavior. To determine how structural connectivity supports efficient coding, we develop a theory specifying minimum rates of message transmission between brain regions to achieve an expected fidelity, and we test five predictions from the theory based on random walk communication dynamics. In doing so, we introduce the metric of compression efficiency, which quantifies the trade-off between lossy compression and transmission fidelity in structural networks. In a large sample of youth (n = 1,042; age 8–23 years), we analyze structural networks derived from diffusion-weighted imaging and metabolic expenditure operationalized using cerebral blood flow. We show that structural networks strike compression efficiency trade-offs consistent with theoretical predictions. We find that compression efficiency prioritizes fidelity with development, heightens when metabolic resources and myelination guide communication, explains advantages of hierarchical organization, links higher input fidelity to disproportionate areal expansion, and shows that hubs integrate information by lossy compression. Lastly, compression efficiency is predictive of behavior—beyond the conventional network efficiency metric—for cognitive domains including executive function, memory, complex reasoning, and social cognition. Our findings elucidate how macroscale connectivity supports efficient coding and serve to foreground communication processes that utilize random walk dynamics constrained by network connectivity.
Network-level permutation entropy of resting-state MEG recordings: A novel biomarker for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Scheijbeler Elliz P. , van Nifterick Anne M. , Stam Cornelis J. , Hillebrand Arjan , Gouw Alida A. , de Haan Willem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that measures of signal variability and complexity could present promising biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Earlier studies have however been limited to the characterization of local activity. Here, we investigate whether a network version of permutation entropy could serve as a novel biomarker for early-stage AD. Resting-state source-space magnetoencephalography was recorded in 18 subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 18 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Local activity was characterized by permutation entropy (PE). Network-level interactions were studied using the inverted joint permutation entropy (JPEinv), corrected for volume conduction. The JPEinv showed a reduction of nonlinear connectivity in MCI subjects in the theta and alpha band. Local PE showed increased theta band entropy. Between-group differences were widespread across brain regions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of classification of MCI versus SCD subjects revealed that a logistic regression model trained on JPEinv features (78.4% [62.5–93.3%]) slightly outperformed PE (76.9% [60.3–93.4%]) and relative theta power–based models (76.9% [60.4–93.3%]). Classification performance of theta JPEinv was at least as good as the relative theta power benchmark. The JPEinv is therefore a potential biomarker for early-stage AD that should be explored in larger studies.
Network controllability mediates the relationship between rigid
structure and flexible dynamics
Authors: Gu Shi , Fotiadis Panagiotis , Parkes Linden , Xia Cedric H. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Roalf David R. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Bassett Dani S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Precisely how the anatomical structure of the brain supports a wide range of complex functions remains a question of marked importance in both basic and clinical neuroscience. Progress has been hampered by the lack of theoretical frameworks explaining how a structural network of relatively rigid interareal connections can produce a diverse repertoire of functional neural dynamics. Here, we address this gap by positing that the brain’s structural network architecture determines the set of accessible functional connectivity patterns according to predictions of network control theory. In a large developmental cohort of 823 youths aged 8 to 23 years, we found that the flexibility of a brain region’s functional connectivity was positively correlated with the proportion of its structural links extending to different cognitive systems. Notably, this relationship was mediated by nodes’ boundary controllability, suggesting that a region’s strategic location on the boundaries of modules may underpin the capacity to integrate information across different cognitive processes. Broadly, our study provides a mechanistic framework that illustrates how temporal flexibility observed in functional networks may be mediated by the controllability of the underlying structural connectivity.
The Origin and Cultural Evolution of East Asian Cognitive Style: A Case Study of the Book of Changes (Yijing 易經)
Authors: Nichols Ryan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental tests about cross-cultural differentiation of cognitive style conclude that East Asian and Western cognition differ. Tendencies described as East Asian include holism, non-linearity, expectation of change, relationalism, field dependence, causal pluralism, dialecticism, and a tolerance of contradiction. Cross-cultural psychologists generally refrain from discussing the intellectual history or cultural evolution of these differences, preferring to explain results on cognitive scales in terms of results on social scales assessed using present-day participants. The present article attempts to partially close this explanatory gap through detailed discussion of tendencies of East Asian cognitive style as represented in what is probably the most influential book in the history of East Asia, The Book of Changes. This study purports to show (a) that the content of the Yijing 易經 and its commentaries is best described in terms of the cognitive tendencies just mentioned, (b) that reading the Yijing activated those cognitive tendencies, and (c) that the Yijing attained prodigious influence on subsequent Chinese and East Asian cultures through four known mechanisms of cultural transmission. Informed by this case study, researchers of cross-cultural cognition may be positioned to develop a richer appreciation of the cultural representation and evolution of East Asian cognitive style in historical context.
Network Structure Impacts the Synchronization of Collective Beliefs
Authors: Vlasceanu Madalina , Morais Michael J. , Coman Alin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
People’s beliefs are influenced by interactions within their communities. The propagation of this influence through conversational social networks should impact the degree to which community members synchronize their beliefs. To investigate, we recruited a sample of 140 participants and constructed fourteen 10-member communities. Participants first rated the accuracy of a set of statements (pre-test) and were then provided with relevant evidence about them. Then, participants discussed the statements in a series of conversational interactions, following pre-determined network structures (clustered/non-clustered). Finally, they rated the accuracy of the statements again (post-test). The results show that belief synchronization, measuring the increase in belief similarity among individuals within a community from pre-test to post-test, is influenced by the community’s conversational network structure. This synchronization is circumscribed by a degree of separation effect and is equivalent in the clustered and non-clustered networks. We also find that conversational content predicts belief change from pre-test to post-test.
A Psychoanalytical Deconstruction of Surpanakha in Kavita Kane’s Lanka’s Princess
Authors: Srishti Richa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper endeavours to examine the character Surpanakha in Kavita Kane’s novel Lanka’s Princess. It attempts to critically follow her struggle in the androcentric space with the trapping of being a female. Breaking down her identity as a daughter, sister, wife and more specifically, as an individual, it tracks down the formulation of her own self-perception in order to reinterpret her femininity. Through the psychoanalytical lenses, this work also critically analyses her ‘repression, rage and revenge’ by connecting the dots in her journey that shape her personality. The giving of voice to the ‘unvoiced’ through revisionist myth making in the novel and the evolution of ‘Surpanakha’ from ‘Meenakshi’ due to her experiences in the oppressive and suffocating environment is the focal point of the paper.