bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel three‐dimensional morphological analysis of idiopathic condylar resorption following stabilisation splint treatment
Authors: Zhou Jialiang , Fu Yujie , Yu Lixia , Li Ziyu , Chen Song 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBone modelling evaluation is important for monitoring idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) progress. To compare condylar modelling in ICR patients treated with or without stabilisation splints (SSs). Eighty‐four condyles from 84 ICR patients were studied: 42 received SS therapy (SS group); 42 received conventional therapy (control group). Cone‐beam computed tomography images at diagnosis (T0) and after at least 6 months (T1) were used for three‐dimensional reconstruction. Volume differences between T0 and T1 (δV) were used to evaluate the amount of modelling. Percentage of growth area (PCT) was used to assess the condylar surface growth tendency. No significant change in condylar volume was found in the SS group, whereas that in the control group was significantly decreased at T1 (P <.0001). The amount of modelling differed among condylar subregions within the SS group: among 6 subregions (P =.0137), between anterior and posterior regions (P =.0336) and between lateral, intermediate and medial regions (P =.0275). Control group condylar subregions showed no significant differences in the amount of modelling. The anabolic modelling tendency of the total condylar surface in the SS group was greater than that in the control group (P =.0251); however, there were no statistical differences in PCTs among condylar subregions in either group. SS therapy effectively reduced further bone destruction and promoted condylar modelling. Three‐dimensional morphological analysis is a novel method that can accurately evaluate the amount of bone modelling and growth tendency in ICR patients.
A scoping review of the role of health literacy in chronic kidney disease self‐management
Authors: Shah Jennifer M. , Ramsbotham Joanne , Seib Charrlotte , Muir Rachel , Bonner Ann 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease is a serious health condition and is increasing globally. Effective self‐management could slow disease progression and improve health outcomes, although the contribution of health literacy and knowledge for self‐management is not well known.AimTo investigate the recent evidence of health literacy and the relationship between health literacy, knowledge and self‐management of chronic kidney disease.MethodsArksey and O'Malley's framework informed this scoping review. Eligible studies involving adults with any grade of chronic kidney disease, measuring all dimensions of health literacy (i.e., functional, communicative, and critical), disease‐specific knowledge and self‐management, published in English between January 2005 and March 2020, were included.ResultsThe scoping review found 12 eligible studies, with 11 assessing all dimensions of health literacy. No study examined health literacy, knowledge and self‐management. When individuals had greater health literacy, this was associated with greater knowledge about the disease. Communicative health literacy was a significant predictor of medication, diet and fluid adherence, and overall self‐management behaviours.ConclusionThis scoping review shows that disease‐specific knowledge is important for health literacy and that health literacy is essential for effective self‐management of chronic kidney disease. The implications of these relationships can inform strategies for the development of evidence‐based patient education to support increased self‐management. There is also a need for further research to explore these associations.
Low‐sugar strawberry yogurt: Hedonic thresholds and expectations
Authors: de Souza Louise Bergamin Athayde , Pinto Vinícius Rodrigues Arruda , Nascimento Luis Gustavo Lima , Stephani Rodrigo , de Carvalho Antonio Fernandes , Perrone Ítalo Tuler 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSugar reductions in processed foods can impact a product's sensory aspects and lead to financial losses for the companies that produce them. The aim of the present study was to determine sucrose levels in strawberry yogurt production that would not compromise acceptance (compromised acceptance threshold [CAT]) or result in sensory rejection (hedonic rejection threshold [HRT]). Second, the consumers' expectations were assessed by comparing sensory acceptability of the samples in blind and informed tests to verify the impact of reduced sugar content information on consumer perceptions. The ideal sweetness level of the sampled products was also evaluated. Finally, reduced sugar samples were evaluated with regards to meeting the new national requirements for reduced sucrose yogurts. Samples with a 9.13% sucrose concentration CAT and a 6.36% HRT were obtained when using the hedonic threshold methodology (HTM), from a control sample containing 10.64% sucrose. Over 14% of the sucrose in yogurt can be reduced without altering sensory acceptance, but a 40% or greater reduction in sucrose content may lead to sensory rejection of strawberry yogurt. The present study demonstrated that reductions which meet the required Brazilian standards can be made without affecting sensory acceptance.Practical ApplicationsThis was the first study to use the HTM to study sucrose reduction in dairy products. The results presented herein could have an important impact on industry, public policy makers, and consumers and may help dairy manufacturers meet established sugar reduction goals without affecting sensory acceptance. The effects are an important contribution to food science even when there are no sugar reduction requirements in play. Companies that have tested the impact of sugar reduction and studied how much sugar can be appropriately removed will be ahead of their competitors when these dietary requirements are implemented.
Effects of temperature on the nitrate reductase activity and growth of Ulva prolifera
Authors: Feng Lina , Shi Xiaoyong , Chen Yuehong , Tang Hongjie , Wang Lisha 
Published: February 2021

To better understand the effect of temperature on the growth and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of Ulva prolifera and their relationships, the effects of five different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) were investigated in a laboratory setup. In this study, an optimization in vitro analysis method for Ulva prolifera NRA was developed. Under different treatments, the NRA, nitrate concentration, pH, the intracellular nitrate and nitrite concentrations, and the POC/PON were evaluated. The results of the in vitro analysis method showed it was optimal for the NRA assay when the extraction time was 6 min, enzymatic reaction time 30 min, volume of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) solution 50 μL, NADH concentration 0.36 mM, and KNO3 concentration 10 mM. The maximal NRA (NRAmax) appeared on the 2nd day in the 10, 15, and 20°C (low‐temperature) groups and on the 1st day in the 25 and 30°C (high‐temperature) groups. The algal growth ended earlier at a high temperature, ending after 5 d at 30 and 25°C and 7 d at 20°C and 9 d at 15°C, and the alga at 10°C had been growing during the incubation period. Ulva prolifera cultivated in a range of 10–20°C had a long growth cycle and the NRA decreased with increasing temperature when exceeded 15°C, a positive correlation between algal growth and NRA was observed. This study supports NRA is a suitable proxy of the effects of temperature changes on the ability of Ulva prolifera to uptake and metabolize nitrogen nutrients.
NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy promoted inflammatory responses in periodontitis
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhao Yunhe , Li Houxuan , Lei Lang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIron homeostasis plays a crucial role in the combat against pathogen invasion. Ferrous iron can trigger generous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Fenton reaction. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), a selective cargo receptor to deliver ferritin to lysosome, may trigger release of ferritin‐bound iron into the cytosol. The aim of the present study was to explore whether NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy participated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and its role in promoting the periodontal inflammation.MethodsInflamed and healthy periodontal tissues were harvested for immunobiological staining of ferritinophagy‐related genes in the periodontal tissues, while real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect mRNA transcription. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) were isolated and infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. The mRNA transcription and protein expression of genes involved in the iron metabolism, including NCOA4, transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and ferroportin (SLC40A1) were detected by qPCR and western blot. Levels of labile iron pool and ROS production were detected by flow cytometry and confocal endoscopy. Small interference RNA was utilized to knock down NCOA4.ResultsElevated expression of NCOA4, ferritin heavy chain, and light chain were observed in the diseased periodontal tissues. P. gingivalis infection promoted expression of TFR1, NCOA4, and microtubule‐associated protein 1‐light chain 3 B (LC3B), enhanced levels of intracellular labile iron pool and ROS production. NCOA4 knockdown reduced ROS generation in PDLFs in response to P. gingivalis and mitigated production of pro‐inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin 6. P. gingivalis triggered activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, inhibitors of JNK, SP600125, and inhibitors of p38, SB203580 blocked NCOA4 transcription.ConclusionNCOA4‐ferritinophagy participated in the progress of periodontitis progression. P. gingvalis‐triggered ferritinophagy aggravated production of ROS and inflammatory responses in PDLFS. These findings suggest iron homeostasis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Relative tidal volume and respiratory airflow estimation using tracheal sound and movement during sleep
Authors: Montazeri Ghahjaverestan Nasim , Kabir Muammar M. , Saha Shumit , Gavrilovic Bojan , Zhu Kaiyin , Taati Babak , Alshaer Hisham , Yadollahi Azadeh 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAirflow is the reference signal to assess sleep respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea. Previous studies estimated airflow using tracheal sounds in short segments with specific airflow rates, while requiring calibration or a few breaths for tuning the relationship between sound energy and airflow. Airflow−sound relationship can change by posture, sleep stage and airflow rate or tidal volume. We investigated the possibility of estimating surrogates of tidal volume without calibration in the adult sleep apnea population using tracheal sounds and movements. Two surrogates of tidal volume: thoracoabdominal range of sum movement and airflow level were estimated. Linear regression was used to estimate thoracoabdominal range of sum movement from sound energy and the range of movements. The sound energy lower envelope was found to correlate with airflow level. The agreement between reference and estimated signals was assessed by repeated‐measure correlation analysis. The estimated tidal volumes were used to estimate the airflow signal. Sixty‐one participants (30 females, age: 51 ± 16 years, body mass index: 29.5 ± 6.4 kg m−2, and apnoea−hypopnea index: 20.2 ± 21.2) were included. Reference and estimated thoracoabdominal range of sum movement of whole night data were significantly correlated with the reference signal extracted from polysomnography (r = 0.5 ± 0.06). Similarly, significant correlations (r = 0.3 ± 0.05) were found for airflow level. Significant differences in estimated surrogates of tidal volume were found between normal breathing and apnea/hypopnea. Surrogate of airflow can be extracted from tracheal sounds and movements, which can be used for assessing the severity of sleep apnea and even phenotyping sleep apnea patients based on the estimated airflow shape.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children undergoing polysomnography
Authors: DelRosso Lourdes M. , Chan Jeremy , Ruth Chris , Powell Weston T. , Arp Michelle , Hanevold Coral , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recommended for the diagnosis of hypertension in children at high risk, such as children with obesity or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Nocturnal hypertension is highly predictive of cardiovascular outcomes. ABPM allows for early detection of nocturnal hypertension in children. Although OSA is the most common sleep disorder associated with hypertension, studies have also shown an increase in cardiovascular risk in adult patients with other sleep disorders; therefore, there is an imperative need to provide early diagnosis in children at high risk. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of using ABPM during polysomnography (PSG) in children referred for sleep disordered breathing to the Seattle Children’s Hospital Sleep Disorders Center. A total of 41 children aged 7–18 years were included in this study. The ABPM monitor was worn for a mean (SD) of 10.2 (1.5) hr. No significant changes were seen in PSG parameters when ABPM was co‐performed with PSG, including sleep efficiency and arousals. In total, 12 of the 41 patients were identified as having nocturnal hypertension. Our study is important in that it shows that concomitant use of ABPM during PSG can aid in the early identification of nocturnal hypertension in this population.
Variation in biochemistry test results between annual wellness visits in apparently healthy Golden Retrievers
Authors: Jeffery Unity , Jeffery Nick D. , Creevy Kate E. , Page Rod , Simpson Melissa J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnnual wellness testing is widely recommended for apparently healthy dogs, but there is little data to assist with distinguishing normal variation from clinically important changes.ObjectivesTo define variability in biochemistry analytes between annual wellness tests in healthy Golden Retrievers.AnimalsFour hundred thirty‐four Golden Retrievers undergoing annual health assessments by their primary care veterinarians as part of a prospective cohort study.MethodsChanges in 23 biochemistry analytes were calculated between year 1 and year 2 health checks for 196 dogs classified as healthy for ≥3 consecutive years. Using a direct nonparametric method, annual change intervals were constructed to define normal variability. A validation cohort of 238 dogs without a diagnosis of systemic disease for ≥3 consecutive years were compared with the reference and annual change intervals, and the proportions of dogs outside annual change intervals and a population‐based reference interval were compared by using a McNemar test.ResultsAnnual change intervals were calculated based on 190 dogs after outlier removal. For all 23 analytes, >90% of dogs in the validation cohort were within the annual change interval. There were no significant differences in the classification by reference versus annual change intervals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe annual change intervals met performance requirements for classification of dogs that did not develop systemic disease in the year following wellness testing as normal.
Biological variation of major gut‐derived uremic toxins in the serum of healthy adult cats
Authors: Summers Stacie , Quimby Jessica , Yao Linxing , Hess Ann , Broeckling Corey , Lappin Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiological variation of serum indoxyl sulfate (IS), p‐cresol sulfate (pCS), and trimethylamine‐n‐oxide (TMAO) concentrations in cats is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine short‐ and medium‐term biological variation, index of individuality (II), and reference change values for serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations in healthy adult cats. To determine the effect of feeding on serum concentrations.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult cats.MethodsProspective, cohort study. Seven serum samples over a 12‐hour period (short‐term) and 5 serum samples over a 19‐day period (medium‐term) were collected. Serum concentrations of total IS, pCS, and TMAO were measured every 2 hours in a 12‐hour period (hours 0‐12) after a meal in 9 cats and compared to concentrations in a nonfed state.ResultsFor IS, the II was high using short‐term (1.96) and low using medium‐term (0.65) biological variation estimates. Individuality was intermediate for pCS (short‐term, 0.98; medium‐term, 1.17) and TMAO (short‐term, 1.47; medium‐term, 0.83). Serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations were significantly lower in a fed state compared to a nonfed state at hours 4, 6, 8, and 12; at hours 4 and 6; and at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePopulation‐based reference intervals with reference to the subject‐based interval can be used to monitor serum pCS and TMAO concentrations. For IS, a subject‐based and a population‐based reference interval is best for short‐term and medium‐term monitoring, respectively. To compare serial measurements, it would be prudent to collect samples at the same time of day and consistently in either a fed or nonfed state.
Short‐term efficacy of epidural pain management in dogs undergoing cystoscopy
Authors: Rayhel Laura H. , Harjes Laura M. , Aarnes Turi K. , Cook Laurie B. , Chew Dennis J. , Quimby Jessica M. , Fields Kayla , Parker Valerie J. , Langston Catherine , Lerche Philip , Byron Julie K. , Rudinsky Adam J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of epidural anesthesia in dogs undergoing cystoscopy are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of epidural analgesia on postcystoscopy pain in dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐six dogs undergoing routine cystoscopy for lower urinary tract disease.MethodsProspective, randomized, blinded observational study. Dogs were assigned either to a treatment group that received epidural anesthesia (preservative free morphine sulfate, 0.09 mg/kg; 1% ropivacaine, 0.2 mg/kg; total volume delivered, 1 mL/4.5 kg of body weight to a maximum of 10 mL; n = 9) or to a nonepidural control group (n = 13). Vital signs were monitored for 24 hours, and sedation and pain scores, behavioral assessments, and presence or absence of complications was evaluated for 5 days postprocedure.ResultsAll dogs tolerated the epidural without complications. Four dogs were removed from the study because of status unblinding, lack of patient cooperation, or incomplete follow‐up. No significant differences were noted in postprocedural pain scores in dogs that received epidural analgesia. Significant differences in postprocedural pain scores were noted in the nonepidural control group. No significant differences were noted in vital signs, behavioral assessments, or the proportion of dogs with a 50% increase in pain scores between the epidural and nonepidural groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEpidural anesthesia was well‐tolerated. Dogs not receiving the epidural had poor postprocedural pain control. A consistent benefit for the epidural vs nonepidural group could not be identified. Additional studies are required to better assess the impact and efficacy of epidural anesthesia for cystoscopic procedures.
Therapeutic plasma‐exchange improves systemic inflammation and survival in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A propensity‐score matched study from AARC
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Bajpai Meenu , Choudhury Ashok K. , Kumar Anupam , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Duan Zhongping , Yu Chen , Hu Jinhua , Ghazinian Hasmik , Ning Qin , Ma Ke , Lee Guan H. , Lim Seng G. , Shah Samir , Kalal Chetan , Dokmeci Abdulkadir , Kumar Guresh , Jain Priyanka , Rao Pasupuleti Samba Siva , Paulson Irene , Kumar Vinay , Sarin Shiv K. ,   AARC working Party
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPlasma‐exchange (PE) has improved survival in acute liver failure by ameliorating systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We evaluated PE and compared it to Fractional Plasma Separation and Adsorption (FPSA) and standard medical treatment (SMT) in a large multinational cohort of ACLF patients.MethodsData were prospectively collected from the AARC database and analysed. Matching by propensity risk score (PRS) was performed. Competing risk survival analysis was done to identify deaths because of multiorgan failure (MOF). In a subset of 10 patients, we also evaluated the mechanistic basis of response to PE.ResultsACLF patients (n = 1866, mean age 44.3 ± 12.3 yrs, 93% males, 65% alcoholics) received either artificial liver support (ALS) (n = 162); [PE (n = 131), FPSA (n = 31)] or were continued on standard medical therapy (SMT) (n = 1704). In the PRS‐matched cohort (n = 208, [ALS‐119; PE‐94, FPSA‐25)], SMT‐89). ALS therapies were associated with a significantly higher resolution of SIRS (Odd's ratio 9.23,3.42‐24.8), lower and delayed development of MOF (Hazard ratio 7.1, 4.5‐11.1), and lower liver‐failure‐related deaths as compared to FPSA and SMT (P < .05). PE cleared inflammatory cytokines, damage‐associated molecular patterns, and endotoxin in all patients. Responders improved monocyte phagocytic function and mitochondrial respiration and increased the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) compared to non‐responders. PE was associated with lesser adverse effects as compared to FPSA.ConclusionsPE improves systemic inflammation and lowers the development of MOF in patients with ACLF. Plasma‐exchange provides significant survival benefit over FPSA and could be a preferred modality of liver support for ACLF patients.
Co‐orchestration of acute kidney injury and non‐kidney organ failures in critically ill patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Pasupuleti Samba Siva R. , Chandel Shivendra S. , Narayan Ashad , Jain Priyanka , Mitra Lalita Gouri , Kumar Guresh , Moreau Richard , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsLittle is known on the course of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its relation to non‐kidney organ failures and mortality in critically ill patients with cirrhosis (CICs).MethodsWe conducted a large prospective, single‐centre, observational study in which CICs were followed up daily, during the first 7 days of intensive care, collecting prespecified criteria for AKI, extrarenal extrahepatic organ failures (ERH‐OFs) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).ResultsA total of 291 patients admitted to ICU were enrolled; 231 (79.4%) had at least one ERH‐OFs, 168 (58%) had AKI at presentation, and 145 (49.8%) died by 28 days. At day seven relative to baseline, 151 (51.8%) patients had progressive or persistent AKI, while the rest remained free of AKI or had AKI improvement. The 28‐day mortality rate was higher among patients with progressive/persistent AKI (74.2% vs 23.5%; P < .001) or maximum stage 3 of AKI in the first week. Two‐level mixed logistic regression modelling identified independent baseline risk factors for progressive/persistent AKI, including 3 to 4 SIRS criteria, infections due to multidrug‐resistant bacteria (MDR), elevated serum bilirubin, and number of ERH‐OFs. Follow‐up risk factors included increases in bilirubin and chloride levels, and new development of 2 or 3 ERH‐OFs.ConclusionsOur results show that among CICs admitted to the ICU, the stage and course of AKI in the first week determines outcomes. Strategies combating MDR infections, multiorgan failure, liver failure and intense systemic inflammation could prevent AKI progression or persistence in CICs.