bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin‐induced exosomal FTO from bone marrow stem cells alleviates sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury by modulating the m6A methylation of OXSR1
Authors: Yang Ting , Yu Hui , Xie Zheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurcumin and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)‐derived exosomes are considered to be useful for the treatment of many human diseases, including sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI). However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin‐loaded BMSCs‐derived exosomes in the progression of SA‐AKI remain unclear. Exosomes (BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin or BMSCs‐EXOControl) were isolated from curcumin or DMSO‐treated BMSCs, and then co‐cultured with LPS‐induced HK2 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and flow cytometry. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for examining inflammatory factors. The levels of SOD, MDA, and ROS were tested to assess oxidative stress. The levels of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) and oxidative stress responsive 1 (OXSR1) were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used for measuring the interaction between FTO and OXSR1. BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin treatment could inhibit LPS‐induced HK2 cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. FTO was downregulated in SA‐AKI patients and LPS‐induced HK2 cells, while was upregulated in BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin. Exosomal FTO from curcumin‐induced BMSCs suppressed apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced HK2 cells. FTO decreased OXSR1 expression through m6A modification, and the inhibitory effect of FTO on LPS‐induced HK2 cell injury could be eliminated by OXSR1 overexpression. In animal experiments, BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin alleviated kidney injury in SA‐AKI mice models by regulating FTO/OXSR1 axis. In conclusion, exosomal FTO from curcumin‐induced BMSCs reduced OXSR1 expression to alleviate LPS‐induced HK2 cell injury and improve kidney function in CLP‐induced mice models, providing a new target for SA‐AKI.
The Impact of Humidity on High Temperature Corrosion of Ferritic‐Austenitic Model Alloys in the Presence of KCL
Authors: Kingsbery P. , John T. , Stephan‐Scherb C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of humidity on the corrosion behavior of an Fe–18Cr–12Ni alloy in environments containing KCl, as a deposit, and either laboratory air or at 560°C for exposure times up to 330 h. Corrosion characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with subsequent Rietveld analysis to quantify the obtained reaction products. Samples exposed to lab air and KCl showed half the weight gain in humid air than in dry atmospheres ( at 30.00% 0.07% relative humidity (r.H.) vs. at 1.58% 0.09% r.H.). The surface porosity, as determined by image analysis of SEM surface images, was lower for the samples exposed to humid air compared to dry air (5.5% 2.1% vs. 11.0% 2.2%, respectively). In a SO2 containing environment humidity decreased the scale thickness for deposit induced corrosion significantly by one order of magnitude, reflected by a low amount of oxide phases such as , and . This study shows that humidity present in a hot gas containing other corrosive species, such as SO2, can be beneficial for KCl deposit induced corrosion of stainless steels.
Corrosion Behavior of Bactericidal Surfaces Based on Silver and Copper Ion Implantation
Authors: Concustell Amadeu , Pérez‐Alonso Alejandro , Bahillo Marc , Molas Sílvia , Bonet Raül , Orrit‐Prat Jordi , Caro Jaume , Muñoz Joan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTitanium is a commonly used material in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. In addition, the surface incorporation of metal ions with bactericidal behavior proves to be very interesting in preventing bacterial colonization in biomedical titanium implants. This study investigates the corrosion resistance and stability of a series of Ti substrates implanted with Ag and Cu ions, as well as a combination of both. Characterization results indicate that the dense native oxide layer naturally present in Ti may contain more defects in the implanted materials due to the implantation process, especially when Ag is implanted. The material co‐implanted with Ag and Cu presents an outer oxide layer with Ag and Cu nanoparticles which are the source of ions that can act as bactericidal agents. Finally, the study shows that the implantation of Ag and/or Cu ions does not lead to a deterioration of the corrosion resistance of Ti under simulated physiological conditions.
Unveiling the Oxidation Behavior of a Binary Mg–Y Alloy
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Haoyu , Yi Fang , Gao Yonghao , Liu Chuming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMagnesium and its alloys are the most promising lightweight metallic materials because of their outstanding mechanical performance. However, Mg alloys have long been criticized for their low oxidation resistance. In this study, the isothermal oxidation of a Mg–Y alloy at 350°C was investigated, and the resulting oxide scale was systematically characterized using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other analytical techniques. The findings reveal that isothermal oxidation results in (i) an increase in the average Y content along grain boundaries, from 1.41 to 3.05 at.%, and surface enrichment of Y content from 0.86 to 3.07 at.% after 6 to 48 h of oxidation; (ii) inhomogeneous oxidation caused by microstructural heterogeneity; and (iii) the formation of an oxide scale consisting of a mixture of MgO and oxygen‐deficient Y₂O₃ at the oxide/substrate interface, driven by the inward transport of oxygen anions. The molar ratio of MgO to Y₂O₃ was found to vary with oxidation time.
Gentamicin Has No Significant Adverse Effect on Porcine Embryo Development In Vitro
Authors: Noland Rylie S. , Redel Bethany K. , LaMartina Marissa G. , Chen Paula R. , Prather Randall S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe composition of the culture medium affects the viability and developmental competency of porcine embryos produced in vitro. Previous transcriptional profiling has identified areas of improvement in the formulation of these media. Xenobiotic metabolism‐related genes were upregulated in in vitro‐cultured porcine embryos compared to their in vivo‐derived counterparts, and the antibiotic gentamicin is a component of porcine embryo culture media. While effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, gentamicin has been observed to be toxic to rat embryos and may induce changes in gene expression in cell culture. The objective of this study was to determine if gentamicin has an adverse effect on the development of porcine embryos. After in vitro fertilization, presumptive zygotes were placed in either MU4 medium containing gentamicin or MU4 medium without gentamicin. No difference was detected in blastocyst development, total cell number, apoptotic index, or expression of 3 selected genes between embryos cultured with or without gentamicin (p > 0.05). Therefore, porcine embryos are able to tolerate the presence of 10 μg/mL gentamicin without significant impacts on blastocyst development rate, total cell number, or apoptosis.
Computational Large‐Deformation‐Plasticity Periporomechanics for Localization and Instability in Deformable Porous Media
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Pashazad Hossein , Whittle Andrew J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we formulate a computational large‐deformation‐plasticity (LDP) periporomechanics (PPM) paradigm through a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient following the notion of an intermediate stress‐free configuration. PPM is a nonlocal meshless formulation of poromechanics for deformable porous media through integral equations in which a porous material is represented by mixed material points with nonlocal poromechanical interactions. Advanced constitutive models can be readily integrated within the PPM framework. In this paper, we implement a linearly elastoplastic model with Drucker–Prager yield and post‐peak strain softening (loss of cohesion). This is accomplished using the multiplicative decomposition of the nonlocal deformation gradient and the return mapping algorithm for LDP. The paper presents a series of numerical examples that illustrate the capabilities of PPM to simulate the development of shear bands, large plastic deformations, and progressive slope failure mechanisms. We also demonstrate that the PPM results are robust and stable to the material point density (grid spacing). We illustrate the complex retrogressive failure observed in sensitive St. Monique clay that was triggered by toe erosion. The PPM analysis captures the distribution of horst and graben structures that were observed in the failed clay mass.
Simulating Brittle Fracture With a Robust Hybrid Explicit–Implicit Solver for Staggered Phase‐Field Problems
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Farhad , Gorji Mahan , Sartorti Roman , Radtke Lars , Düster Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, the robustness of phase‐field fracture simulations is increased by introducing a new hybrid approach to take advantages of both explicit and implicit solvers. Switching to an explicit solver at critical load cases enables us to define a threshold on the maximum number of staggered iterations per load step. Having this threshold would be very useful in complicated FCM problems since we cannot wait for a full convergence of the implicit solver at critical load steps. With the new hybrid method, the problem is implicit as long as the implicit solver can converge within a specified threshold; otherwise, the failed load step will be solved robustly using an explicit approach. The method can resolve the highly nonlinear part of the global load–displacement curve. The superiority of the approach is shown in different benchmark examples.
Data‐Driven Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems Using Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Fiedler Julius , Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis contribution discusses a method for approximating the observability canonical form of nonlinear systems, circumventing the need for extensive symbolic computations. Instead, we design a high‐gain observer leveraging neural networks and automatic differentiation. The approach aims to address the challenges associated with computing the observability canonical form, and especially the reverse transformation, by utilizing neural networks to approximate the nonlinearities in the observer's differential equation and the inverse observability map. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method through experimental results on a physical pendulum system.
A Finite Element Neural Network Approach for Modeling Particles in Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Minakowska Martyna , Richter Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe describe a hybrid simulation approach for the modeling of particle‐laden flows taking into account nonlinear effects of non‐Newtonian flows. We focus on the situation of small particles with low concentration, whose influence on the flow can be neglected and which can be modeled as point particles. While the case of spherical particles is in the Newtonian case well understood, the description of the interaction with non‐spherical particles is not straightforward, since the coefficients for the transmission of forces depend essentially on the shape of the particles. In a previous work, we have shown that these coefficients can be trained very efficiently in neural networks based on some detailed simulations. Here we deal with the case of non‐Newtonian flow and in particular address the question to what extent global effects, such as the clustering of particles or particle orientation, can be represented by local predictions based on neural networks.
Modeling of Metal Cutting Processes Within the Material Point Method Using the Johnson–Cook Material Law
Authors: Koßler Marvin , Maassen Sascha , Niekamp Rainer , Schröder Jörg 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe material point method represents an alternative approach to simulations, differing from traditional methods like the finite element method (FEM). This technique involves discretizing bodies using material points while solving equations on a separate computational grid where each time step comprises three steps. Initially, the kinematic quantities of the material points are transferred to the grid nodes. Subsequently, computations are carried out on these nodes, with the results then reassigned to the material points, updating their position, velocity, stress as well as deformation state. After each time step, the previous grid is discarded as it does not rely on persistent information. As a result, a new grid is initialized in each time step, avoiding the risk of mesh distortion in the case of huge deformations, a common drawback arising in FEM analyses. This contribution presents simulations of three‐dimensional metal cutting processes utilizing the Johnson–Cook material law to accommodate for plastic strain rates and heat generated by plastic deformations. Additionally, the grid‐shift technique is employed to reduce oscillations and enhance robustness of the simulations.
Preparation of oil resistant and high‐temperature resistant NBR composites by chitosan/silica/coupling agent modification
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhou Yukun , Huang Yinggang , Li Biao , Ge Yaqi , Xu Zhenchun , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, chitosan (CS), which is naturally degradable and low‐cost, was incorporated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), the effects of chitosan amount on the properties of the NBR composites were investigated, and the optimal amount of chitosan was determined. On this basis, CS, silica and Si69 were modified by ball milling and plasma to prepare NBR composites with higher oil resistance and high temperature resistance. The results showed that the overall properties of NBR composites filled with 2phr CS is better. FTIR and SEM demonstrated the surface polarity of ball milling combined with plasma co‐modified CS/silica was weakened, the dispersion of fillers in the NBR matrix was promoted, the oil resistance and high‐temperature resistance of the composites were enhanced, the cross‐linking density and tear strength were improved by 28.12%, and 51.76% compared with that of the NBR composites without CS. The investigation on the oil and high‐temperature resistance of NBR composites for blowout preventer cores has been carried out, which promotes the development of blowout preventer cores toward high safety, low cost, and sustainability.Highlights
The effect of chitosan amount on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites was explored.
Chitosan, silica, and coupling agent were modified by ball milling and plasma.
The oil and high‐temperature resistance of NBR composites were improved.
The tear strength was increased by 28% under double destructive environment.
Older Rural Stayers and Movers: Why (Not) to Age in Place in the Countryside?
Authors: Matysiak Ilona 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article aims to explore (im)mobility patterns of older adults living in small rural Iowa towns. The research questions addressed were focused on the older adults’ paths to their current place of residence, their plans regarding possible relocation in the future, as well as how these are intertwined, given the life course perspective. The data are drawn from in‐depth interviews conducted with 25 residents aged 65 years and over in four rural Iowa communities. Insights are also gained from 29 interviews with local stakeholders from these towns. The analysis shows that the great majority of older adults plan on staying put due to a mixture of mostly social, functional and biographical aspects of place attachment. However, these are more or less significant depending on older interviewees’ past mobility experiences. Only a few do not exclude relocation in the future. These outcomes provide a new perspective regarding classical models of older adults’ mobility over the life course.
Community Leadership and Its Contribution to Rural Revitalization Under the Context of Population Hollowing‐Out: Evidence From Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Pingyang , Han Aixi , Yuan Yunzhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe importance of organizational leadership has been widely acknowledged, while the nuances, roles and the mechanisms of community leadership, as a unique bottom‐up type, have been inefficiently explored, especially in rural spaces under the context of population hollowing out. Based on the practices of pilot villages in Shanghai, China, this study delves into the intricate roles of rural community leadership, elucidating its contributions to the implementation of rural revitalization initiatives. Identified into three dimensions of leading and demonstrating, mobilization and organization, and reputation and credibility, and analyzed via Probit models, rural community leadership are found to be critical for the revitalization of villages with hollowing out population. All three dimensions significantly influence rural revitalization outcomes, with varying moderating effects on other key factors, such as stakeholder involvement and policy implementation. Notably, the capability of mobilization and organization emerges as paramount for short‐term outcomes, reputation and credibility becomes increasingly crucial for long‐term success, while the leading and demonstrating capability tends to be the bottom‐line requirement for community leaders. This study highlights the increasing importance of cultivating rural community leadership within the left‐behind population for rural development, and the need for sustained efforts to enable community leaders to maximize their talents.
A Doped Surface Ionization Method for Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Jianhua , Gao Xiaoguang , Jia Jian , He Xiuli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleExhaled breath can be used for early warning of disease, with organic nitrogen compounds, including triethylamine (TEA), being linked to various medical conditions. Surface ionization ion mobility spectrometry (SI‐IMS) facilitates the direct detection of TEA in exhaled breath. However, the presence of multiple ionization products of TEA poses challenges for both quantitative and qualitative analyses.MethodsA doped surface ionization (DSI) method consisting of surface ionization of dopants and gas‐phase reaction of samples was proposed, and TEA was detected when combined with an ion mobility spectrometer. TEA at different concentrations and spiked by human breath was detected to evaluate the method's properties.ResultsTEA with concentrations from 5.99 to 30.50 ppb and a relative humidity of 80% was detected. The peak intensity of the protonated TEA ions demonstrated a linear correlation with concentration, yielding a fitted correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.94. A standard deviation less than 0.066% was obtained with 10 replicate analyses of 29.92 ppb TEA, and the recovery rate of the sample was 93.57%.ConclusionsThe SI‐IMS based on the DSI method has the advantages of excellent selective ionization, high accuracy and sensitivity, and remarkable repeatability for detecting TEA. It is a promising method for detecting specific organic nitrogen compounds in exhaled breath.
Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Size and Morphology of Magnetic Nickel Particles
Authors: Kıvrak Burak , Akyıldız Hasan , Aka Cemal , Akyol Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study compares the properties of nickel (Ni) particles synthesized through the chemical‐reduction‐reactions (CRRs) under open‐atmosphere and pressurized (solvothermal) conditions. The primary objective was to produce Ni particles with sizes below 100 nm with smooth surfaces, single‐phase composition, highly crystalline, mono‐disperse, and magnetic which are essential for constructing nanostructured Ni suitable for diverse applications. CRRs were conducted in a glass beaker for ambient pressure synthesis and a solvothermal reactor for pressurized conditions. The structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of the samples were investigated in detail. The findings demonstrated that the manipulation of the synthesis conditions in both methods allowed the formation of Ni particles with a wide range of morphologies, crystallinity, and purity. Besides, particle sizes varied from nanometer to micrometer scale, depending on the synthesis approach and processing conditions. Moreover, the relation between magnetic characteristics and morphological features was discussed in detail. Therefore, this research provides a comparative evaluation of two different synthesis methods, offering insight into the optimization of conditions for producing phase‐pure, magnetic, and equiaxed Ni nanoparticles (NPs). By addressing the challenge of achieving mono‐disperse Ni NPs, this study contributes to the understanding of synthesis techniques and elucidating the mechanisms underlying the formation of magnetic Ni NPs.
Overview of Phenylhydrazine‐Based Organic Transformations
Authors: Kushwaha Pragati , Bhardwaj Ayush , Rashi  , Khan Danish , Upadhyay Akanksha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhenylhydrazines, comprised of a phenyl group attached with hydrazine unit, contribute potentially to organic synthetic transformations. Because of the myriad of synthetic applications, the last decade has witnessed a considerable upsurge of interest to perform various reactions catalyzed/mediated/promoted by phenylhydrazines. Some of these reactions have shown high regioselectivity in short reaction time under mild reaction conditions. The emergence of innumerable synthetic transformations utilizing phenylhydrazine has unleashed numerous openings for the development of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds. Given the synthetic importance of this valuable chemical entity, this review highlights the methodologies utilizing phenylhydrazines. Moreover, the present article will contribute considerably to the organic synthesis as well as in pharmaceutical chemistry. Academically, this review article will be interesting and informative for the researchers attempting to develop new synthetic routes for the heterocyclic structures.
N‐Doping Fe‐C@Nb2CTx MXenes with High Stability and Strong Activity for Sodium‐Ion Storage and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Fu Hongliang , Lian Yue , Hu Yongfeng , Zhao Jing , Zhang Huaihao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of highly stable and strongly active electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and overall water splitting (OWS) is critical in sustainable energy storage and conversion systems. Here, a new electrode material N‐Fe‐C@Nb2CTx is introduced, with a layered sandwich structure consisting of N‐doping Fe‐MOF derived‐nanorods (Fe‐C) and Nb2CTx MXenes. Specifically, Nb2CTx obtained by etching Nb2AlC with HF acid is used as the main body to construct the layered sandwich structure with Fe‐C as the filler. Benefiting from this structure, Fe‐MOF grows in situ within Nb2CTx, which restrains MXenes aggregation and stacking and also alleviates the bulk effect of sodium‐ion embedding/de‐embedding, thus improving its stability. Again, the more exposed active sites from the layered sandwich structure and N‐doping introduction ensure high reactivity as electrode materials. In addition, Fe‐C nanorods strengthen the linkage between the Nb2CTx layers and N‐doping enhances the ion/electron transport rate, thereby boosting the effective mass transfer and electrical conductivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Fe‐C and N‐doping help increase the density of states (DOS) and material electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the generated oxygen species (*OH and *O) in OER are captured by in situ FT‐IR test. As a result, the N‐Fe‐C@Nb2CTx electrochemical test displays good electrochemical performance in SIBs and OWS.