bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waist Circumference Is More Closely Associated with Hypogonadism than Is Hyperglycemia, Independent of BMI in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Hsu Po-Sheng , Hung Chia-Lien , Tu Shih-Kai , Chen Hsin-Hung , Yang Deng-Ho , Liao Chun-Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. To evaluate whether waist circumference (WC) or hyperglycemia is more closely associated with hypogonadism in middle-aged men. Research Design and Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed male participants under 65 years old from the MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan from 2007 to 2016. Basic patient characteristics with relevant parameters were obtained. We used the chi-square test to perform a correlation analysis for HbA1c and WC between participants with and without hypogonadism. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe’s method was applied to compare the mean testosterone (T) among the HbAlc and WC groups (normal blood sugar with normal WC (NBSNW), abnormal blood sugar with normal WC (ABSNW), normal blood sugar with abnormal WC (NBSAW), and abnormal blood sugar with abnormal waist circumference (ABSAW)). Results. The 5,680 participants were divided into two groups based on the presence (

n
=
599

) or absence of hypogonadism (

n
=
5,081

), which was defined as

total

testosterone

TT

<
300

ng
/
dL

. The mean TT of group NBSAW (

443.71
±
220.59

ng
/
dl

) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (

506.64
±
191.08

ng
/
dl

,

p
<
0.001

). Moreover, the mean TT of group ABSAW (

398.89
±
146.24

ng
/
dl

) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (

506.64
±
191.08

ng
/
dl

,

p
<
0.001

). The ORs after adjusting for BMI, TG, HDL, SBP, and DBP were statistically significant when comparing NBSAW vs. NBSNW (

OR
=
2.846

;

95
%
CI
=
2.266
–
3.575

;

p
<
0.001

), ABSNW vs. NDNW (

OR
=
1.693

;

95
%
CI
=
1.309
–
2.189

;

p
<
0.001

), and ABSAW vs. NBSNW (

OR
=
4.613

;

95
%
CI
=
3.634
–
5.856

;

p
<
0.001

). Conclusion. The current study showed that WC should be the risk factor that is more closely associated with hypogonadism than hyperglycemia in middle-aged men.
The Crisis of Indian Secularism
Authors: Beltramini Enrico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper I suggest that Roman Catholic theologians in India take a second look at the distinction between western and Indian secularisms. Blurring the lines between western and Indian secularisms may help the theological reflection on the so-called crisis of Indian secularism. The key point is the non-ontological, historical character of secularism. A look at the growing literature on western post-secularization, in fact, may offer some suggestions about how to deal with the nationalist mooring of Hindutva philosophy. A possibility exists that both the West and India are eventually entering simultaneously, but not necessarily on the same terms, a post-secular phase.
A Discursive Contextualisation of Hustling in Nigerian Hip-Hop
Authors: Onanuga Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the endearing qualities of the Hip-Hop genre is its penchant for crass materialism where artistes lyrically brag about their successes while unabashedly flaunting the ostentatious proceeds of their newfound fame. This resonates with the contemporary constructs of individualism and self-realisation in line with social expectations. However, beyond the photo ops, these artistes indeed go the extra mile in achieving success. In this article, the portraiture of hustling, which indexes survival in any form, is explored. Fifteen purposively selected songs by Nigerian Hip-Hop artistes constitute the data. For one, many of the popular Hip-Hoppers defied the stranglehold of poverty before recording personal successes. They thus reference the street as a domain of hustling and recount their experiences. Different contextual or social orientations of hustling in Nigeria are discursively constructed by the artists. It is framed as a prerequisite for achieving success (regardless of how!); as a necessity to meet familial responsibility; and as combat with perceived enemies. Additionally, Nigerian Hip-Hop artistes annex hustling as a psychological/mental activity as well as a metaphor for God’s blessings. The study concludes that hustling typifies the underground economy and the almost limitless extent to which Nigerian Hip-Hoppers work for their successes.
On the origin of the Mainstream Hakka word [oi1] “mother”
Authors: Coblin W. South 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the most common morphemes meaning “mother” in the Hakka dialects is a syllable pronounced [oi1], [ɔi1], or the like. This word, so far as is known, has no phonologically systematic cognates in other Chinese dialect families and is not attested in early Sinographic records. Nor has any plausible non-Sinitic donor language been identified for it. The object of the present paper is to suggest a possible earlier origin for this word. Our hypothesis is that it is in fact a fusion of a Common Neo-Hakka compound *a1 moi1, in which the first element is a kinship prefix and the second is a word whose basic meaning is “mother, aunt, etc.” The paper then suggests that the morpheme *moi1 descends from an even older, pre-Hakka word *moi4, which may in turn have been related in some way to the pre-Hàn word mǔ 母 “mother”.
再論湖泗方言“打”字的三個讀音及相關問題
Authors: 謝 留文 
Published: December 2021

摘要
湖北武漢湖泗方言“打”字有三個讀音，其中表示“投擲、扔”和“擊打”義讀音為[tɕiã44]、[tɕiã23]。李榮先生認為可能反映了古音“打，都挺切”，同時又指出，湖泗話“古上聲怎麼分化成陰平、陰去兩類，有待進一步研究”。本文考察漢語南北方言相關資料，所有表示“投擲、扔”和“擊打”義讀音的來源均為中古端母、梗攝開口四等、清聲母平聲或清聲母去聲，聲調沒有清聲母上聲的來源。所以本字不可能是“都挺切”的“打”。 如果說一定要有本字，最有可能的本字是“碇（矴）”，由“碇（矴）石”拋入水中以固定船身的動作，引申出“沉入水裡”和“投擲、扔”義。
贛語都昌方言“濁音”聲母的演化音系學考察
Authors: 劉 澤民 
Published: December 2021

摘要
古全濁聲母真正保持“濁音”的漢語方言已經不多，濁音在漢語方言中的演變大都走“清化”的主流，濁音清化後的音韵格局也各有不同，在漢語語音史上非常引人注目，而都昌方言不僅完整保留濁音，濁音演變也很有特色，還有全濁和次清聲母合流的獨特格局，漢語多數方言塞音塞擦音都是送氣和不送氣對立，而都昌方言是清與濁的對立，從演化音系上的角度看，這些都是值得研究的地方。本文以都昌縣城話的田野調查材料爲基礎，對都昌方言的全濁聲母和次清聲母字今讀作全面概述，對都昌話“濁音”進行語音學分析，認爲其濁音是常態帶音和它的自由變體內爆音及鼻冠塞音。論文從近音化、流音化和擦音清化三方面探討了都昌濁音的演變。論文最後就都昌方言濁音性質和次清聲母讀同全濁問題作了一些討論。有一種觀點認爲，中古漢語古全濁聲母是弛聲，弛聲消失後低調變爲送氣清音，高調變爲不送氣清音。都昌方言古全濁聲母是常態帶聲，且全濁字和次清字聲母合流後不同調，上述假說無法解釋都昌話全濁聲母和次清聲母合流，必須尋求另外的解釋。
Extreme Precipitation on Consecutive Days Occurs More Often in a Warming Climate
Authors: Du Haibo , Donat Markus G. , Zong Shengwei , Alexander Lisa V. , Manzanas Rodrigo , Kruger Andries , Choi Gwangyong , Salinger Jim , He Hong S. , Li Mai-He , Fujibe Fumiaki , Nandintsetseg Banzragch , Rehman Shafiqur , Abbas Farhat , Rusticucci Matilde , Srivastava Arvind , Zhai Panmao , Lippmann Tanya , Yabi Ibouraïma , Stambaugh Michael C. , Wang Shengzhong , Batbold Altangerel , Oliveira Priscilla Teles de , Adrees Muhammad , Hou Wei , Silva Claudio Moises Santos e , Lucio Paulo Sergio , Wu Zhengfang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extreme precipitation occurring on consecutive days may substantially increase the risk of related impacts, but changes in such events have not been studied at a global scale. Here we use a unique global dataset based on in situ observations and multimodel historical and future simulations to analyze the changes in the frequency of extreme precipitation on consecutive days (EPCD). We further disentangle the relative contributions of variations in precipitation intensity and temporal correlation of extreme precipitation to understand the processes that drive the changes in EPCD. Observations and climate model simulations show that the frequency of EPCD is increasing in most land regions, in particular, in North America, Europe, and the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. These increases are primarily a consequence of increasing precipitation intensity, but changes in the temporal correlation of extreme precipitation regionally amplify or reduce the effects of intensity changes. Changes are larger in simulations with a stronger warming signal, suggesting that further increases in EPCD are expected for the future under continued climate warming.
The Increasing Role of Vegetation Transpiration in Soil Moisture Loss across China under Global Warming
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wu Peili , Ma Zhuguo , Pan Zhihua , Lv Meixia , Yang Qing , Duan Yawen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChanging pathways of soil moisture loss, either directly from soil (evaporation) or indirectly through vegetation (transpiration), are an indicator of ecosystem and land hydrological cycle responses to the changing climate. Based on the ratio of transpiration to evaporation, this paper investigates soil moisture loss pathway changes across China using five reanalysis-type datasets for the past and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate projections for the future. The results show that across China, the ratio of vegetation transpiration to soil evaporation has generally increased across vegetated land areas, except in grasslands and croplands in north China. During 1981–2014, there was an increase by 51.4 percentage points (pps,p< 0.01) on average according to the reanalyses and by 42.7 pps according to 13 CMIP6 models. The CMIP6 projections suggest that the holistic increasing trend will continue into the twenty-first century at a rate of 40.8 pps for SSP585, 30.6 pps for SSP245, and −1.0 pps for SSP126 shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios for the period 2015–2100 relative to 1981–2014. Major contributions come from the increases in vegetation transpiration over the semiarid and subhumid grasslands, croplands, and forestlands under the influence of increasing temperatures and prolonged growing seasons (with twin peaks in May and October). The future increasing vegetation transpiration ratio in soil moisture loss implies the potential of regional greening across China under global warming and the risks of intensifying land surface dryness and altering the coupling between soil moisture and climate in regions with water-limited ecosystems.
Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma: A Multi‐institutional Series
Authors: Jenks Carolyn M. , Purcell Patricia L. , Federici Gaia , Villari Domenico , Presutti Livio , James Adrian L. , Hoff Stephen R. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess outcomes of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) for congenital cholesteatoma.Study DesignCase series with chart review of children who underwent TEES for congenital cholesteatoma over a 10‐year period.SettingThree tertiary referral centers.MethodsCholesteatoma extent was classified according to Potsic stage; cases with mastoid extension (Potsic IV) were excluded. Disease characteristics, surgical approach, and outcomes were compared among stages. Outcomes measures included residual or recurrent cholesteatoma and audiometric data.ResultsSixty‐five cases of congenital cholesteatoma were included. The mean age was 6.5 years (range, 1.2‐16), and the mean follow‐up was 3.9 years (range, 0.75‐9.1). There were 19 cases (29%) of Potsic stage I disease, 10 (15%) stage II, and 36 (55%) stage III. Overall, 24 (37%) patients underwent a second‐stage procedure, including 1 with Potsic stage II disease (10%) and 21 (58%) with Potsic stage III disease. Eight cases (12%) of residual cholesteatoma occurred. One patient (2%) developed retraction‐type (“recurrent”) cholesteatoma. Recidivism occurred only among Potsic stage III cases. Postoperative air conduction hearing thresholds were normal (<25 dB HL) in 93% of Potsic stage I, 88% of stage II, and 36% of stage III cases.ConclusionTEES is feasible and effective for removal of congenital cholesteatoma not extending into the mastoid. Recidivism rates were lower with the TEES approach in this large series than in previously reported studies. Advanced‐stage disease was the primary risk factor for recidivism and worse hearing result. As minimally invasive TEES is possible in the youngest cases, children benefit from early identification and intervention.
Recommendations for traveling to altitude with neurological disorders
Authors: Falla Marika , Giardini Guido , Angelini Corrado 
Published: December 2021

Background Several neurological conditions might worsen with the exposure to high altitude (HA). The aim of this review was to summarize the available knowledge on the neurological HA illnesses and the risk for people with neurological disorders to attend HA locations. Methods A search of literature was conducted for several neurological disorders in PubMed and other databases since 1970. The neurological conditions searched were migraine, different cerebrovascular disease, intracranial space occupying mass, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular disorders, epileptic seizures, delirium, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Results Attempts were made to classify the risk posed by each condition and to provide recommendations regarding medical evaluation and advice for or against traveling to altitude. Individual cases should be advised after careful examination and risk evaluation performed either in an outpatient mountain medicine service or by a physician with knowledge of HA risks. Preliminary diagnostic methods and anticipation of neurological complications are needed. Conclusions Our recommendations suggest absolute contraindications to HA exposure for the following neurological conditions: (1) Unstable conditions–such as recent strokes, (2) Diabetic neuropathy, (3) Transient ischemic attack in the last month, (4) Brain tumors, and 5. Neuromuscular disorders with a decrease of forced vital capacity >60%. We consider the following relative contraindications where decision has to be made case by case: (1) Epilepsy based on recurrence of seizure and stabilization with the therapy, (2) PD (± obstructive sleep apnea syndrome-OSAS), (3) Mild Cognitive Impairment (± OSAS), and (4) Patent foramen ovale and migraine have to be considered risk factors for acute mountain sickness.
A shortened version of the Indirect Self-Destructiveness Scale ISDS-25
Authors: Pilarska Aleksandra , Suchańska Anna 
Published: December 2021

Cel pracySkala pośredniej autodestruktywności (PAD) została opracowana jako miara indywidualnej, behawioralnej tendencji autodestruktywnej. Celem artykułu jest propozycja skróconej wersji Skali pośredniej autodestruktywności (PAD-25) oraz prezentacja jej właściwości psychometrycznych.MetodaAnalizy przeprowadzono na zagregowanych danych (N = 670) pochodzących od osób dorosłych. W procedurze skrócenia skali PAD uwzględniono kryteria statystyczne (wartości współczynników mocy dyskryminacyjnej oraz ładunków czynnikowych pozycji) i treściowe (stopień reprezentatywności oraz zrozumiałości pozycji). Właściwości psychometryczne skróconej wersji narzędzia określono poprzez analizę rzetelności i trafności (czynnikowej oraz zbieżnej i różnicowej).WynikiKrótka wersja skali PAD składa się z 25 pozycji i cechuje się satysfakcjonującą spójnością wewnętrzną (α = 0,81; ω = 0,88). Uzyskana struktura czynnikowa (model podwójnego czynnika), różnice międzypłciowe oraz korelacje z wynikami innych skal potwierdzają trafność teoretyczną narzędzia.WnioskiUzyskane wyniki dają podstawy do stwierdzenia, że krótka wersja Skali pośredniej autodestruktywności (PAD-25) wiernie oddaje oryginalny konstrukt opisany przez Kelley z zespołem i może być z powodzeniem wykorzystywana w badaniach empirycznych nad zjawiskiem chronicznej autodestruktywności.
Anorexia Readiness Syndrome – about the need for early detection of dietary restrictions. Pilot study findings
Authors: Ziółkowska Beata , Ocalewski Jarosław 
Published: December 2021

Cel pracyCelem badania pilotażowego było określenie nasilenia Syndromu gotowości anorektycznej w populacji dzieci od 8 do 17 roku życia, zmodyfikowanym narzędziem pod nazwą SGA-12.MetodaZastosowano następujące narzędzia: inwentarz Syndromu gotowości anorektycznej SGA-12, służący rozpoznawaniu skłonności anorektycznych u młodzieży w wieku od 8 do17 lat, inwentarz Eating Disorders in Youth – Questionnaire, EDY-Q autorstwa A. Hilbert i Z. van Dyck przeznaczony do pomiaru zaburzeń odżywiania u dzieci oraz metryczkę, w której respondenci podawali następujące informacje: data urodzenia, płeć, choroby przewlekłe, wzrost i masa ciała.WynikiW badanej próbie odnotowano większe nasilenie SGA u chłopców niż u dziewcząt. Wyższe wartości gotowości anorektycznej zaobserwowano u osób aktywnych sportowo i o niższym wskaźniku masy ciała. Inwentarz SGA-12 nie koreluje z EDY-Q-PL, ale I czynnik – „tendencje i sentencje anorektyczne” wykazuje istotne związki z sumą wyników w EDY-Q-PL.WnioskiWydaje się, że inwentarz SGA-12 może w większym stopniu niż dotychczasowe narzędzie przyczynić się do identyfikowania dzieci i młodzieży (w tym chłopców) ujawniających SGA, a przy tym pozwala ustalić nasilenie zachowań anorektycznych w ramach dwóch czynników, wskazując jednocześnie obszary interwencji psychoprofilaktycznej.
Antropologiczne otwarcie na postantropocentryzm. Sprawczość bytów poza-ludzkich w procesie ekologizacji wiedzy
Authors: Majbroda Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół otwarcia antropologii na postantropocentryzm oraz świat więcej-niż-społeczny w procesie ekologizacji wiedzy. Żyjemy w Antropocenie, nowej epoce geologicznej, w której działania człowieka wpływają na klimat, ekosystemy i środowisko jak nigdy przedtem. Tymczasem, dominujące rozumienie globalnej historii środowiska nie uwzględnia należycie jej powiązań z teorią społeczną, mimo że wątki te są nierozerwalnie związane ze społecznością i materialnością zmieniającego się świata ludzi i nie-ludzi. W ramach światowej antropologii społeczno-kulturowej przedstawiciele dyscypliny zajmują coraz bardziej zdecydowane stanowiska wobec zmian klimatycznych, rozwijając praktyki, które inwencyjnie można by nazwać ‘ekologizacją antropologii’ jako odpowiedź na tezę o przegrzaniu świata. Ruch konceptualnej transgresji kategorii ‘człowiek’, która jest podstawą antropocentrycznej wiedzy, może stać się dla antropologii szansą nie tylko na prognozowanie przyszłości społeczeństw, lecz także na współtworzenie wiedzy naukowej antycypującej i wyjaśniającej jej kształty.
Ucieczka Słonimskich w 1939 roku: nieznany diariusz Janiny Konarskiej
Authors: Budnik Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

Omawiany diariusz zawiera zapiski żony Antoniego Słonimskiego – Janiny Konarskiej, która na stu kilkudziesięciu stronach zdała relację losów pary, rozpoczętą 20 sierpnia 1939 roku i kontynuowaną aż do 9 września 1945 roku. Autorka na kartach niewielkiego poszytu notowała dramatyczne losy na bieżąco – co stanowi szczególną wartość dokumentu.
Janina Konarska nie była postacią anonimową w przedwojennych kręgach artystycznych i z pewnością krzywdzące byłoby określenie jej jedynie jako żony Słonimskiego. Jako malarka i graficzka zdobyła własną, niekwestionowaną pozycję wśród twórców kultury dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Jej prace wystawiano zarówno na świecie (m.in. w Amsterdamie, Buenos Aires, Filadelfii, Londynie, Lyonie, Madrycie, Mediolanie, Montevideo, Nowym Jorku, Orleanie, Padwie, Paryżu, Raperswilu, Rzymie, Sztokholmie, Wenecji, Wilnie, Zagrzebiu), jak i w kraju (m.in. w Bydgoszczy, Krakowie, Warszawie, Zakopanem, Zamościu).
W opracowaniu przedstawiono wybrany fragment diariusza. Traktuje on o początkach wojennych losów Słonimskich, którzy 5 września 1939 roku wyruszyli z Warszawy na zachód Europy. Przyjrzano się zatem pierwszemu etapowi ich wędrówki, prowadzącej z Polski do Francji, gdzie przebywali od 21 września 1939 do 18 czerwca 1940 roku. Po upadku Francji przedostali się do Londynu. Tam z kolei spędzili ponad dekadę, by w końcu, jesienią 1951 roku, powrócić na stałe do kraju.
More than the Quantity: The Value of Editorial Reviews for a User-Generated Content Platform
Authors: Deng Yipu , Zheng Jinyang , Khern-am-nuai Warut , Kannan Karthik 
Published: December 2021

We investigate an editorial review program for which a review platform supplements user reviews with editorial ones written by professional writers. Specifically, we examine whether and how editorial reviews influence subsequent user reviews (reviews written by noneditor reviewers). A quasiexperiment conducted on a leading review platform in Asia, based on several econometric and natural language processing techniques, yields empirical evidence of an overall positive effect of editorial reviews on subsequent user reviews from the platform’s perspective. First, more reviews are provided for restaurants that receive editorial reviews. In addition, these reviews discuss substantive topics while also including a discussion on other topics, leading to a net increase in content length and variety. They also are more neutral in sentiment and are associated with lower rating valences. Further analysis of the mechanism reveals that the subsequent user reviews of the restaurants that receive editorial reviews become more similar to the editorial reviews in regard to topics, sentiment/rating, length, and readability, indicating a herding effect in how to write a review as the main driver of the change in the subsequent reviews. We further empirically isolate this herding effect among long-time reviewers. The findings suggest that review platforms could use an editorial review program not only to boost the quantitative aspect of user reviews but also, to manage the qualitative aspect as well. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.
Propagation of ultrashort laser fields with spatiotemporal couplings using Gabor’s Gaussian complex decomposition
Authors: Talposi Anda-Maria , Ursescu Daniel 
Published: December 2021

In ultra-intense chirped pulse amplification laser systems, pulses of
ultrashort duration and high energy are generated using large spectral
bandwidths and large beam diameters. Hence, the spatiotemporal
couplings of the laser field can become significant and affect the
field structure. The propagation of such pulses is simulated in this
work using a code developed in-house, based on Gabor’s decomposition
of the initial complex field into Fourier transform limited Gaussian
pulse beam terms. Subsequently, the analysis of the temporal, spatial,
and angular chirp, as well as pulse front tilt couplings for a
super-Gaussian beam of 25 fs duration allows quantification of their
signatures in the near field and focus.
Penambahan Fitur Tampilan LCD dan Micro SD Card Reader pada mesin Laser Engraver and Cutter di Laboratorium Pengemudian Listrik
Authors: Darwis Mochammad 
Published: December 2021

Laser engraver and cutter machine that have been made in previous research, can only be controlled by a computer. The addition of LCD display and Card Reader will make it work alone without using a computer (offline). Card reader is used to read gcode files from 2-dimensional design that have been made on a computer. LCD display is used to display a menu or a list of existing settings, the percentage of loading data from a gcode file and displays the 2-dimensional design of the gcode file. To move the menu on the LCD display an encoder switch is used. This additional feature was created using a microcontroller STM32F1 type as a core control system which performs serial communication with a laser machine. 32 bit ARM microcontroller is used because a lot of tasks has to perform. It must be able to read data from the SD card, display the image form from the gcode file and send it to the laser machine. Compared 3 types of gcode file of different file sizes and the speed of loading the data. The laser machine can perform its function by using the controls of the additional feature modules that have been made.