bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Analysis of Behavioral and Health Data: A Comparative Study of COVID19 Data in Israel and Italy
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Manzi Giancarlo , Rapaport Carmit , Salini Silvia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The response to the COVID19 pandemic has been highly variable, both in terms of between-nations variation and within the same nation, at different waves. In this context, governments applied different mitigation policy responses with varying impact on social and economic measures over time. This article examines the effect of mobility restriction measures in Italy and Israel and compares the association between health and population mobility data. Facing the pandemic, Israel and Italy implemented different policy measures and experienced different public activity patterns. The analysis we conducted is a staged approach using Bayesian Networks and Structural Equations Models to investigate these patterns. The goal is to assess the impact of pandemic management and mitigation policies on pandemic spread and population activity. We propose a methodology that first models data from health registries and Google mobility data and then shows how decision makers can conduct scenario analysis to help support pandemic management policies.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Colombia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Colombia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Association of remdesivir with poor clinical outcomes in Covid-19
Authors: Ranka Rajat , Arjun  , Panda Prasan Kumar , Bahurupi Yogesh Arvind , Chikara Gaurav , Agarwal Disha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Need of an antiviral against Covid-19 prompted clinical trials all over the world and based on initial promising trends, remdesivir was widely used all over the world, including India (compassionate use). Subsequent trials have been conflicting in their results and the utility of the drug has been widely debated. Methods: This is a record-based retrospective cohort study carried out in a 1000-bedded government teaching hospital in North India. The medical e-records of the Covid-19 positive patients who were admitted between June and November 2020 were reviewed for eligibility. After making the necessary exclusions, 112 patients were included in the remdesivir cohort and 85 in the standard care cohort. All the baseline characteristics of relevance and details of hospital admission were collected. The following outcomes in relation to remdesivir administration were assessed: all-cause mortality until discharge – stratified as per baseline oxygen support, age, gender and comorbidities; proportion of severe and non-severe patients progressing to mechanical ventilation later on; and time to clinical recovery in survivors. Results: There was a statistically significant association of higher mortality with the administration of remdesivir (odds ratio, OR 2.3, p-value 0.008) with a Cox regression hazard ratio of 1.590 (CI 0.944–2.679). The trend towards poorer outcomes in the remdesivir cohort persisted even after sub-stratification for age, gender, baseline severity (oxygen need) and comorbidities but failed to reach statistical significance in most of the strata. Similarly, remdesivir administration was associated with higher rates of progression to mechanical ventilation amongst those severe and non-severe patients who were not on mechanical ventilation at admission (49 % versus 15 %, p-value < 0.001, OR 5.2). This association was significant overall as well as for severe category patients when assessed separately (56% versus 26 %, p-value 0.04, OR 3.1). There was, however, no difference in the days taken for clinical recovery between the two groups (13.23 days versus 12.8 days, p-value 0.77). Conclusion: Remdesivir administration was associated with overall worse clinical outcomes. This study contradicts the benefits shown with remdesivir in previous clinical trials done in controlled settings and highlights the challenges that newer therapies face in real life hospital settings. There is a need to include diverse ethnic groups in the future clinical trials of the drug if to be used.
The Use of Molecular Genetic Diagnostic Tests to Improve MDR TB Treatment Outcomes in Arkhangelsk Region
Authors: Eliseev P. I. , Detjen А. , Dacombe R. , Phillips P. , Squire S. B. , Мaryandyshev А. O. 
Published: September 2021

The use of molecular genetic tests as a part of tuberculosis patients examination made it possible to reduce the time for TB diagnosis and determination of drug resistance (DR) of M. tuberculosis (MTB) in Arkhangelsk Region. Early detection of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) made it possible to prescribe the adequate chemotherapy regimen promptly and thus to improve treatment outcomes.The objective of the study: to evaluate the results of treatment of MDR TB patients in whom MDR TB was diagnosed by molecular genetic tests. It was assumed that the introduction of molecular genetic tests would result in improved treatment outcomes in MDR TB patients [(the research project of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Control Program of Arkhangelsk Region of the PROVE-IT LPA (Policy Relevant Outcomes from Validating Evidence on Impact of Line Probe Assays)].Subjects: 295 MDR TB patients detected in Arkhangelsk Region were enrolled in the study. MDR TB was detected by molecular genetic tests in the main group (132 patients) and by culture in the control group (163 patients). Patients from both groups received the standard chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy outcomes were compared in both groups.Results. Treatment outcomes were better in the group (MGT group) where molecular genetic tests were used for drug susceptibility testing (p = 0.003) versus the comparison group where the culture was used. Effective treatment was documented more frequently (65.2%) in the MGT group versus the comparison group (44.8%). All-cause mortality was lower in the MGT group (7.6%) than in the comparison group (15.9%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the time when sputum conversion (by smear and culture) was achieved.
Review of the Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Cissus incisa Leaves
Authors: Nocedo-Mena Deyani , Galván-Rodrigo Adrián Alejandro , Wright Colin W. , Caboni Pierluigi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Cissus incisa is a Vitaceae with a pantropical distribution. In northern
Mexico, its leaves have traditionally been used to treat skin infections, abscesses and tumors. Despite
its medicinal uses, few studies have been reported.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to summarize the phytochemical and biological studies carried
out so far on the leaves of C. incisa, since this part of the plant is the one frequently used, and
awaken scientific interest towards the plant.

Methods:
Since C. incisa was an undocumented species, most of the information comes from reports
of our research group. Databases, books, and websites were also consulted. The information
collected was organized and presented in a synthesized way. Plant name was checked with the
database “The Plant List”.

Results:
171, 260, and 114 metabolites were identified by UHPLC-QFTOF-MS in the hexane, chloroform/
methanol, and aqueous extracts, respectively. Fatty acyls, sphingolipids, sterols,
glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and terpenes are common metabolites found in these extracts. 2-(2´-hydroxydecanoyl
amino)-1,3,4-hexadecanotriol-8-ene, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl tetracosanoate, β-sitosterol,
β-sitosterol-D-glucopyranoside, α-amyrin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were also isolated and
characterized. Extracts, phytocompounds and semi-synthetic derivatives showed antimicrobial activity
against multi-drug resistant bacteria and various cancer cell lines. Results from Perturbation-
Theory-Machine Learning-Information-Fusion model (PTMLIF), molecular docking, and
vesicular contents assay identified potential targets on the cell membrane, suggesting an antibacterial
mechanism of action for ceramides from C. incisa leaves.

Conclusion:
This review reports the efforts of the scientific community in authenticating species
used in traditional medicine. Moreover, it gives a compendium of phytochemistry and the biological
activities of the components from C. incisa leaves.
Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of
General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System
Authors: Zhang Donghang , Liu Jin , Zhu Tao , Zhou Cheng 
Published: September 2021

:
Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on c-fos expression.
Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: An Update
Authors: Al-Sadawi Mohammed , Saad Muhammad , Ayyadurai Puvanalingam , Shah Niel N. , Bhandari Manoj , Vittorio Timothy J. 
Published: September 2021

:
Heart failure is one of the leading healthcare problems in the world. Clinical data lacks
sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of heart failure. Laboratory biomarkers are a non-invasive
method of assessing suspected decompensated heart failure. Biomarkers such as natriuretic
peptides have shown promising results in the management of heart failure. The literature does not
provide comprehensive guidance in the utilization of biomarkers in the setting of acute heart failure
syndrome. Many conditions that manifest with similar pathophysiology as acute heart failure syndrome
may demonstrate positive biomarkers. The following is a review of biomarkers in heart failure,
enlightening their role in diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure.
Progress and Challenges in Physiological Artifacts’ Detection in Electroencephalographic
Readings
Authors: Singh Preeti , Bisht Amandeep , Kaur Chamandeep , Agarwal Sunil , Ajmani Manisha 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings are used to trace neural activity
within the cortex to study brain functioning over time.

Introduction:
During data acquisition, the unequivocal way to reduce artifact is to avoid artifact stimulating
events. Though there are certain artifacts that make this task challenging due to their association
with the internal human mechanism, in the human-computer interface, these physiological
artifacts are of great assistance and act as a command signal for controlling a device or an application
(communication). That is why pre-processing of electroencephalographic readings has been a
progressive area of exploration, as none of the published work can be viewed as a benchmark for
constructive artifact handling.

Method:
This review offers a comprehensive insight into state of the art physiological artifact removal
techniques listed so far. The study commences from the single-stage traditional techniques
to the multistage techniques, examining the pros and cons of each discussed technique. Also, this
review paper gives a general idea of various datasets available and briefs the topical trend in EEG
signal processing.

Result:
Comparing the state of the art techniques with hybrid ones on the basis of performance
and computational complexity, it has been observed that the single-channel techniques save computational
time but lack in effective artifact removal especially physiological artifacts. On the other
hand, hybrid techniques merge the essential characteristics resulting in increased performance, but
time consumption and complexity remain an issue.

Conclusion:
Considering the high probability of the presence of multiple artifacts in EEG channels,
a trade-off between performance, time and computational complexity is the only key for effective
processing of artifacts in the time ahead. This paper is anticipated to facilitate upcoming researchers
in enriching the contemporary artifact handling techniques to mitigate the expert’s burden.
Exploration of Chemopreventive Potential of Linalool in Targeting Lung Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Meena Abha 
Published: September 2021

Background:Phytochemicals are used to treat lung cancer in contemporary and traditional medicine. The limitations of known chemotherapeutic drugs such as non-specificity, resistance, and toxicity restrict their use for lung cancer treatment. Therefore, the search for target-specific novel entities is required continuously.Objective:Linalool, a monoterpene alcohol that possesses antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, is present in sweet basil, laurel, jasmine, rosewood, and lavender. Previous reports revealed its anticancer potential against colon, breast, and liver cancer. In this study, linalool's efficacy in targeting biomarkers associated with different lung cancer stages has been investigatedMethods:The in silico molecular docking analysis was used to explore drug-receptor interaction, and further, linalools cytotoxicity potential was evaluated on lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). The toxicity profiling of linalool was done by ADMET analysis.Results:In the results, Linalool revealed an excellent binding affinity with the selected targets. It showed the highest interaction with BRAF with the binding energy of -5.6 kcal/mol. Furthermore, it successfully interacts within the binding pocket of BRAF, similar to its inhibitor (Sorafenib). In MTT analysis, linalool significantly reduces the percent viability IC30 474.94 ± 43.12, 379.33 ± 49.5, and 183.77 ± 66.7 μM in A549 cell lines for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.Conclusion:These results concluded that linalool possesses chemopreventive potential against lung cancer by interacting or modulating selected biomarkers associated with a lung cancer diagnosis, progression, and proliferation.
Effect of Static Compressive Force on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Schemann-Miguel Fabio , Aloise Antonio Carlos , Gaiba Silvana , Ferreira Lydia Masako 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells.

Methods:
PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay.

Results:
ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former.

Conclusion:
Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.
Using an Individual-Centered Approach to Gain Insights From Wearable Data in the Quantified Flu Platform: Netnography Study
Authors: Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Senabre Hidalgo Enric , Alexiou Karolina , Baldy Lukaz , Morane Basile , Bussod Ilona , Fribourg Melvin , Wac Katarzyna , Wolf Gary , Ball Mad 
Published: September 2021

Background
Wearables have been used widely for monitoring health in general, and recent research results show that they can be used to predict infections based on physiological symptoms. To date, evidence has been generated in large, population-based settings. In contrast, the Quantified Self and Personal Science communities are composed of people who are interested in learning about themselves individually by using their own data, which are often gathered via wearable devices.

Objective
This study aims to explore how a cocreation process involving a heterogeneous community of personal science practitioners can develop a collective self-tracking system for monitoring symptoms of infection alongside wearable sensor data.

Methods
We engaged in a cocreation and design process with an existing community of personal science practitioners to jointly develop a working prototype of a web-based tool for symptom tracking. In addition to the iterative creation of the prototype (started on March 16, 2020), we performed a netnographic analysis to investigate the process of how this prototype was created in a decentralized and iterative fashion.

Results
The Quantified Flu prototype allowed users to perform daily symptom reporting and was capable of presenting symptom reports on a timeline together with resting heart rates, body temperature data, and respiratory rates measured by wearable devices. We observed a high level of engagement; over half of the users (52/92, 56%) who engaged in symptom tracking became regular users and reported over 3 months of data each. Furthermore, our netnographic analysis highlighted how the current Quantified Flu prototype was a result of an iterative and continuous cocreation process in which new prototype releases sparked further discussions of features and vice versa.

Conclusions
As shown by the high level of user engagement and iterative development process, an open cocreation process can be successfully used to develop a tool that is tailored to individual needs, thereby decreasing dropout rates.
Using Information and Communication Technologies to Engage Citizens in Health System Governance in Burkina Faso: Protocol for Action Research
Authors: Biau Sandrine , Bonnet Emmanuel , Dagenais Christian , De Allegri Manuela , Traoré Zoumana , Ouedraogo Abdoul Wahabo , Sow Abdramane , Dubois-Nguyen Karina , Ridde Valéry 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundHealth systems are complex systems involving a vast range of actors. In West Africa, they are often not accessible or responsive. Burkina Faso has widely expressed, in its public health policy, the need to improve both access to quality care and health system responsiveness. There is also a strong wish to give more voice to citizens. To support Burkinabè institutions in achieving these goals, we have developed an action research (AR) protocol.ObjectiveThis paper presents the protocol that will address citizens’ participation in health policies and their empowerment through the expression of opinions, for accountability, as well as the strengthening of the health system using information and communication technologies (ICTs).MethodsOur approach will consist of (1) enabling people to express their opinions on the health system by means of a toll-free (TF) service coupled with an interactive voice server (IVS); (2) building an information base with anonymous and reliable data; and (3) conducting information awareness-raising activities, including knowledge transfer (KT) and advocacy, social integration activities, development of OpenData platforms, and the capitalization and media coverage of governance issues. For this purpose, the AR project will be implemented in Burkina Faso. The design uses a concurrent mixed-methods approach. This AR project will evaluate the acceptability, process, effectiveness, and economic costs of the device’s implementation. We will also analyze the potential for the data collected by the device to be used to improve practices.ResultsData collection is in progress; the TF number was officially launched on July 1, 2020, and data collection is planned to continue throughout 2021. By using mixed methods, our AR will be approached from a variety of perspectives. Mixed methods will support us in combining the partial insights into sophisticated realities from qualitative inquiries with the data analyses produced by quantitative research.ConclusionsThis AR is expected to add knowledge on how to increase the empowerment of the population, especially the most vulnerable, to participate in democratic processes and enjoy and exercise their human rights. This protocol recommends implementing a low-cost, contextually adapted technology, associated with an evidence-based approach and carried out on a significant scale. The originality of this approach lies in the fact that it introduces a real AR dimension with local communities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), combined with an integrated strategy of KT and application throughout the project for all stakeholders.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/28780