bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Metabolic Pathways And Genes Cooperate For Epoxy Fatty Acid-Enriched Oil Production In Developing Seeds of Vernonia Galamensis, An Industrial Oleaginous Plant
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Baoling , Xue Jinai , Wang Xiaodan , Cui Hongli , Jia Xiaoyun , Li Run-Zhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Vernonia galamensis, originated from Africa, is an annual oleaginous plant of Asteraceae family. As a newly-establishing industrial oil crop, this plant produces high level (> 70%) of vernolic acid (cis-12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid), an unusual epoxy fatty acid (EFA) with multiple industrial applications. Here, transcriptome analysis and fatty acid profiling from developing V. galamensis seeds were integrated to uncover the critical metabolic pathways responsible for high EFA accumulation and identify the targets that could be used in assembly of EFA biosynthesis pathway in existing oilseed crops. Results: Based on oil accumulation dynamics of V. galamensis seeds, we harvested seed samples from three stages (17, 38, and 45 days after pollination, DAP) representing the initial, fast and final EFA accumulation phases, and one mixed sample from different tissues for RNA-sequencing, with three biological replicates at each sample. Using Illumina platform, we have generated a total of 265 million raw cDNA reads. After filtering process, de novo assembly of clean reads yielded 67,114 unigenes with an N50 length of 1,316 nt. Functional annotation resulted in the identification of almost all genes involved in diverse lipid-metabolic pathways, including the novel fatty acid desaturase/epoxygenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases. By comparison, we found that various genes associated with acyl editing, fatty acid β-oxidation, triacylglycerol assembly and oil-body formation had greater expression levels at middle developmental stage (38 DAP), which are consistent with the fast accumulation of EFA in V. galamensis developing seed, implying their fundamental roles in EFA production. Additionally, we isolated some transcription factors (such as WRI1, FUS3 and ABI4), which putatively regulated the production of V. galamensis seed oils. The transient assay of selected genes resulted in a synergistic increase of EFA-enriched TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome data were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR for twelve key genes in EFA biosynthesis. Finally, a comprehensive network for high EFA accumulation in V. galamensis seed was established.Conclusions: Our results are of significance with regard to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the natural epoxy oil production in this plant and provide valuable reference for developing other oilseeds with high level of valued epoxy oil.
New Physics II: Spin Picture, Particle Structure, and Fundamental Interactions
Authors: Kang China 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental data sometimes fails to render the expected truth, such as high-speed bullets smashing into pieces on a water surface cannot verify the water's hardness. By re-examining the essence underneath quantum phenomena and analyzing their relevance to universal classical theory, this study has thoroughly revealed the classical counterpart of spin. From now on, almost all quantum concepts (e.g., wave particle duality, quantum entanglement, and magnetic moment anomaly) can be understood classically, just as prominent physicists such as Planck, Einstein, and Schrödinger longed for back then. This paper can be considered a blueprint of the Theory of Everything (TOE).
Structural Optical Magnetic And Photocatalytic Properties of Ferromagnetic P-Type NiO: N-Type ZnO Nanocomposites
Authors: Kavitha G. , Arul K. Thanigai , Elayaperumal Manikandan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The semiconductor-transition conducting metal oxides (p-type NiO: n-type ZnO) nanocomposites (NCs) called (NZO) are successfully prepared by a simple wet-chemical route followed by the systematic sintering at different temperatures such as 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700 °C. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (HR-SEM/TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) techniques. XRD analysis reveals that the average crystallite size of the NZO NCs was found to be in the range 16-18 nm. The synthesized sample discloses a ferromagnetic behavior. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in an aqueous solution was superior at the NZO NC at 600 °C in comparison with other samples. Here, the NZO NCs display to be good candidates for magnetic and photocatalytic application.
Structural, Optical and Electrical Characterizations of Cr-doped CuO Thin Films
Authors: BATURAY Silan , CANDAN ilhan , OZAYDIN Cihat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The polycrystalline copper oxide (CuO) thin films have been produced using method of spin coating onto the soda lime glass (SLG) as well as substrate of p-type Si (1 0 0) wafers at 500 ºC in furnace. The obtained undoped and Cr doped thin films of CuO have been comprehensively characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–vis (UV–vis) spectroscopy, the current–voltage ( I – V ) and capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) characteristics for providing information on quality of the crystalline nature, change in energy band gap and electrical properties, respectively. Structural analysis results which obtained from XRD data demonstrate that CuO films conjunction with Cr doping indicated that all thin films have monoclinic polycrystalline nature, with two main peaks (002) and (111) with d hkl about 2.52 and 2.32 Å, respectively. The transmittance and energy band gap value of undoped and Cr doped thin films of CuO ranging in varying concentration ratio have been determined in the wavelength region of 300 to 1100 nm. UV–vis spectrum analysis results indicate that both transmittance value and energy band gap of the CuO films is changed with increasing Cr doping ratio in CuO solution at room temperature. The I–V and C–V characteristic of Cr:CuO/p-Si diodes were associated with the CuO/p-Si diodes. It is seen that doping of Cr had a significant change onv the obtained devices’ performance. Thus, the Cr:CuO/p-Si diodes generated by 1% Cr doping using spin coating method had the highest light sensitivity compared with those of the other diodes.
SAMGEP: A Novel Method for Prediction of Phenotype Event Times Using the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Ahuja Yuri , Wen Jun , Hong Chuan , Xia Zongqi , Huang Sicong , ScD Tianxi Cai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While there exist numerous methods to identify binary phenotypes (i.e. COPD) using electronic health record (EHR) data, few exist to ascertain the timings of phenotype events (i.e. COPD onset or exacerbations). Estimating event times could enable more powerful use of EHR data for longitudinal risk modeling, including survival analysis. Here we introduce Semi-supervised Adaptive Markov Gaussian Embedding Process (SAMGEP), a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm to estimate phenotype event times using EHR data with limited observed labels, which require resource-intensive chart review to obtain. SAMGEP models latent phenotype states as a binary Markov process, and it employs an adaptive weighting strategy to map timestamped EHR features to an embedding function that it models as a state-dependent Gaussian process. SAMGEP’s feature weighting achieves meaningful feature selection, and its predictions significantly improve AUCs and F1 scores over existing approaches in diverse simulations and real-world settings. It is particularly adept at predicting cumulative risk and event counting process functions, and is robust to diverse generative model parameters. Moreover, it achieves high accuracy with few (50-100) labels, efficiently leveraging unlabeled EHR data to maximize information gain from costly-to-obtain event time labels. SAMGEP can be used to estimate accurate phenotype state functions for risk modeling research.
The Relationship Between Serum Levels of lncRNA H19, GAS5, HAR1B, LINC01783 and Clinical Signs of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ozdilek Betul , Kaya Ibrahim Alper , Demircan Berna , Tombul Temel , Ankarali Handan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly expressed in brain and alterations in their levels have been shown in many neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has shown that lncRNAs play role in the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the disease. In this study, we aimed to detect whether the serum expression levels of four candidate lncRNAs; H19, GAS5, HAR1B and LINC01783 are related with the clinical findings and treatment of PD or not. 83 patients and 50 healthy controls, matching in age and gender, are included in this study. We assessed how severe the disease is, by using the Hoehn Yahr (HY) staging and the Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS). Venous blood samples were taken from the participants. Serum samples were centrifuged and stored at -80°C until analysis. Expression levels of these lncRNAs were analyzed by a real-time PCR instrument in the laboratory. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS program. There was no significant difference between the PD patients and healthy controls in these lncRNAs serum levels. Age, gender, education level, presence of hypertension, type of onset of the disease and predominance of the right and left side, disease duration and treatment did not differ in lncRNA expression levels. Solely, there was a significant negative correlation between GAS5 and HY and UPDRS scores. Patients with family history had significantly higher levels of LINC01783. This is the first comprehensive study on lncRNAs in Turkish patients with PD. If any altered expression levels of these four lncRNAs were shown in the serum, it would provide an easy way to analyze underlying pathogenesis of the disease and contribute the possible biomarkers of PD.
GPD1L Suppresses Colon Adenocarcinoma Via Repressing TGFβ1/EMT
Authors: Li Yunqi , Liu Minghao , xiang zhu , Yang Xuhui , Liu Hui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in human beings. Hence, the identification of valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets is vital for improved treatment and patient outcomes. The role of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) in several tumors has been achieved in recent years. However, the underlying mechanisms of GPD1L in colon adenocarcinoma remain elusive. In this study, we identified that GPD1L was associated with better prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma patients using gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, knockdown of GPD1L promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion and reversed by re-expression GPD1L in colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. According to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), GPD1L is closely correlated with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway in colon adenocarcinoma. Moreover, GPD1L downregulates epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins via TGFβ1 due to Western blot analysis. These findings demonstrate that GPD1L inhibits the growth of colon adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting EMT induced by TGFβ1. GPD1L may be a promising molecular target for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma patients.
Personality Traits, Type of Motivation and Diet Duration Are Associated With the Risk of Orthorexia Nervosa in Vegetarians – a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pasztak-Opilka Agnieszka , Pawlak Maria , Zachurzok Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: There are reports that vegetarians, due to the specificity of their diet, may be at risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON), although researchers' opinions are not consistent. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the motivation to use vegetarian diet and the personality traits as well as the tendency to ON. Methods: The study group comprised 480 vegetarians aged 18-40 years (414 women) divided into 3 groups: G1 - semi-vegetarians (n=60), G2 - lacto-ovo-vegetarians, ovo-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians (n=238) and G3 - vegans, raw foodists and fruitarians (n=182). The questionnaire determining the motivation for vegetarian diet, Neuroticism-ExtraversionOpenness - Five Factor Inventory Personality Inventory and Bratman Test of Orthorexia were used. Results: No significant differences in the level of ON risk were observed between the groups. BMI was significantly lower in G3 than in G1 and G2. In G3 vegetarian diet was used for the longest time, and the highest level of ethical and health motivation to undertake this diet compared to the other respondents was seen (p<0.0001). The study revealed the lowest level of agreeableness in the G1. The neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness and ethical motivation to diet were positive predictors of ON, while agreeableness and experience with diet were its negative predictors (F=9.26, p<0.001, R2=0.12).Conclusion: It is concluded that personality traits, type of motivation to undertake a vegetarian diet and diet duration are associated with the risk of ON in vegetarians.Level of Evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study
A Novel Bi2O3 Modified C-Doped Hollow TiO2 Sphere Based On Glucose-Derived Carbon Sphere With Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chai Fengjin , Meng Fuliang , Liu Shuai , Zhang Yu , Yang Tao , Jia Yufei , Li Songjun , Yuan Xinhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize carbon sphere, and the hard template synthesis method was used to prepared C-doped hollow TiO2 sphere (CT). Bismuth nitrate was used as bismuth source to modify CT. The composite material was oxidized in air atmosphere at 450℃ to obtain Bi2O3 modified C-doped TiO2(BCT) hollow spheres. The morphology, elemental composition and photocatalytic degradation efficiency of tetracyclines (TC) by BCT hollow spheres were characterized by various measurements. Additionally, the possible transformation pathways and degradation mechanism of tetracycline were revealed via LC-MS and trapping experiments. The experimental results show that the Bi nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the BCT hollow spheres. The photocatalyst exhibits enhanced degradation rate of TC (98.4% under visible-light within 180 min and 99.4% under natural light within 50 min) for its structure and narrow bandgap (2.87 eV). After five degradation cycles, the photocatalyst still remains high removal rate of 96.4% for TC. The results indicate that the photocatalyst may be promising for degrading antibiotic residuals remains. According to the trapping experiment, ·OH and h+ have a certain role on the photodegradation process, while ·O2− is the main active species for degrading TC.
Characterization of Nanofluids Using Multifractal Analysis of a Liquid Droplet Trace
Authors: Augustyniak Jakub , Zgłobicka Izabela , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan , Misiak Paweł , Wilczewska Agnieszka Zofia , Gluch Jürgen , Liao Zhongquan , Perkowski Dariusz Mariusz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to the analysis of nanofluids by using a nonlinear multifractal algorithm. Multifractal analysis allows to present detailed local descriptions of complex scaling behavior using a spectrum of singularity exponents. Nanoliquids prepared from nanoparticles of SiO2 (~0,01g) suspended in 100 ml of demineralized water and in 100 ml of 99,5% isopropanol were subjected to classical methods of analysis: determination of the contact angle, determination of the zeta potential, pH, and examination with a particle size analyzer. The obtained results show that the obtained nanofluid is stable and well prepared, while further nonlinear analyzes show that the usage of multifractal analysis for nanofluids can significantly improve both the process of analyzing this issue as well as its preparation, based on the multifractional spectrum.
Path Following Control for Miniature Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Under Uncertainties and Disturbances：A Two-Layered Framework
Authors: Wu Weinan , Wang Yao , Gong Chunlin , Ma Dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper a solution to the path following control problem for miniature fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (MAV) in the presence of inaccuracy modelling parameters and environmental disturbances is presented. We introduce a two-layered framework to collaborate guidance level with control level. A modified vector fields based path following methodology is proposed in the kinematics phase to track a Dubins path with straight line segments and circle ones. Then a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on feedback linearization and gain scheduling techniques is designed such that the MAV can reject nonlinear dynamics, system uncertainties and disturbances by using a robust fuzzy control scheme. Eventually, by giving comparison test with control effort and track error as assessment metrics, both the practicality of the framework and the outperformance of the proposed algorithm are well demonstrated.
Evaluation of the Utility of the ‘Velocity Field Diagram’ and ‘Timed-Up-and-Go Test‘ as Fall Screening Tools Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Observational Study
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Eze Joy , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Ibeneme Goergian Chiaka , Fortwengel Gerhard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence from systematic reviews demonstrated that gait variables are the most reliable predictors of future falls, yet are rarely included in fall screening tools. It explains why most tools have higher specificity than sensitivity, hence may be misleading/detrimental to care. The diagnostic utility of a gait analytical tool-velocity field diagram (VFD), and “Timed-up-and-go test (TUG)’- commonly used in Nigeria, was therefore compared to a gold standard (known fallers) to evaluate their accuracy and utility in fall screening. Method: This is an observational study of 500 older adults (280 fallers and 220 non-fallers), recruited by convenience sampling technique at a community health forum on fall prevention. The number of steps and time they spent to complete a-7metre distance was determined and used to calculate the stride length, stride frequency, and velocity, which regression lines were used to form the VFD. TUG test was simultaneously conducted to discriminate fallers from non-fallers. The cut-off points for falls: TUG times ≥13.5 seconds; and VFD’s intersection point of the stride frequency, and velocity regression lines (E1) ≥3.5velots. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curves (AUC) was used to explore the ability of the E1≥3.5velots to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the VFD and TUG were determined. Alpha was set at p<0.05. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the VFD versus TUG is 71%, 27%, 72%, and 43%, versus 39%, 59%, 40%, and 43%, respectively. The ROC’s AUC were 0.74(95%CI:0.597,0.882, p=0.001) for the VFD. The optimal categorizations for discrimination between fallers/non-fallers were ≥3.78 versus ≤3.78 for VFD (fallers and non-fallers prevalence 60.71% versus 95.45%, respectively), with an accuracy of 0.76 unlike TUG with AUC=0.53 (95% CI:0.353, 0.700, p=0.762), and an accuracy of 0.68, and optimal characterization of ≥12.81s versus ≤12.81 (fallers and non-fallers prevalence = 92.86% versus 36.36%, respectively). Conclusion: The VFD demonstrated a fair discriminatory power and greater accuracy in identifying fallers than the TUG. Therefore, the VFD could serve as a primary tool in screening those at the risk of fall than the TUG.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Crosstalk Between ER and Mitochondria Contributes to Oligodendrocyte Cell Death and Demyelination
Authors: Rayilla Rahul Shankar Rao , Phanithi Prakash Babu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveDemyelination is one of the manifestations of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte cell death in white matter lesions have not been fully studied. In the present study our focus is to investigate how the pro-inflammation contributes to the ER stress, mitochondrial protein alteration leading to oligodendrocyte cell death that aggravates demyelination in TBI.Methods Weight drop method was used to induce the TBI. Immunohistochemical studies were done to understand the role of pro-inflammation in activating ER-stress leading to cell death and demyelination. Proteomic analysis of mitochondria was done using 2D-gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was used to identify the mitochondrial functional protein changes and their role in cell death causing demyelination. Remyelination was assessed by treating with teriflunomide (TF). Results Histopathology studies revealed the infiltration of activated macrophages leading to cytokines secretion which initiates ATF6 activation by releasing BiP, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone binding protein and unfolded proteins at the site of ER lumen. Activated ER stress alters the mitochondrial functional proteins leading to oligodendrocyte cell death causing white matter lesions and demyelination. Treatment with TF inactivates the macrophages and reduces the cytokines secretion at the site of injury promoting recovery and remyelination. ConclusionOur findings confirm pro-inflammation activates the ER stress sensors. The cross-talk between ER and mitochondria leads to cell death followed by demyelination. TF acts as an anti-inflammatory drug promoting oligodendroglial precursor cells maturation for recovery and secretion of myelin.
Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion with 2D and 3D Sequences Alternating Every Heartbeat
Authors: Huang Qi , Tian Ye , Mendes Jason , Ranjan Ravi , Adluru Ganesh , DiBella Edward 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate a myocardial perfusion acquisition that alternates 2D simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) and 3D stack-of-stars (SoS) acquisitions each heartbeat. MethodsA hybrid saturation recovery radial 2D SMS and a saturation recovery 3D SoS sequence were created for the quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF). Initial studies were done to study the effects of using only every other beat for the 2D SMS in two subjects, and for the 3D SoS in two subjects. Alternating heartbeat 2D SMS and 3D SoS were then performed in ten dog studies at rest, four dog studies at adenosine stress, and two human resting studies. 2D SMS acquisition acquired three slices and 3D SoS acquired six slices. An arterial input function (AIF) for 2D SMS was obtained using the first 24 rays. For 3D, the AIF was obtained in a 2D slice prior to each 3D SoS readout. Quantitative MBF analysis was performed for 2D SMS and 3D SoS separately, using a two-compartment model. ResultsAcquiring every-other-beat data resulted in 5-20% perfusion changes at rest for both 2D SMS and 3D SoS methods. For alternating acquisitions, 2D SMS and 3D SoS quantitative perfusion values were comparable for both the twelve rest studies (2D SMS: 0.68±0.15 vs 3D: 0.69±0.15 ml/g/min, p=0.85) and the four stress studies (2D SMS: 1.28±0.22 vs 3D: 1.30±0.24 ml/g/min, p=0.66).ConclusionEvery-other-beat acquisition changed estimated perfusion values relatively little for both sequences. 2D SMS and 3D SoS gave similar quantitative perfusion estimates when used in an alternating every-other-heartbeat acquisition. Such an approach allows consideration of more diverse perfusion acquisitions that could have complementary features, although testing in a cardiac disease population is needed.