bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Poincaré‐extended ab$\mathbf {a}\mathbf {b}$‐index
Authors: Dorpalen‐Barry Galen , Maglione Joshua , Stump Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMotivated by a conjecture concerning Igusa local zeta functions for intersection posets of hyperplane arrangements, we introduce and study the Poincaré‐extended ‐index, which generalizes both the ‐index and the Poincaré polynomial. For posets admitting ‐labelings, we give a combinatorial description of the coefficients of the extended ‐index, proving their nonnegativity. In the case of intersection posets of hyperplane arrangements, we prove the above conjecture of the second author and Voll as well as another conjecture of the second author and Kühne. We also define the pullback ‐index, generalizing the ‐index of face posets for oriented matroids. Our results recover, generalize, and unify results from Billera–Ehrenborg–Readdy, Bergeron–Mykytiuk–Sottile–van Willigenburg, Saliola–Thomas, and Ehrenborg. This connection allows us to translate our results into the language of quasisymmetric functions, and — in the special case of symmetric functions — pose a conjecture about Schur positivity. This conjecture was strengthened and proved by Ricky Liu, and the proof appears as an appendix.
The Ekström–Persson conjecture regarding random covering sets
Authors: Järvenpää Esa , Järvenpää Maarit , Myllyoja Markus , Stenflo Örjan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider the Hausdorff dimension of random covering sets formed by balls with centres chosen independently at random according to an arbitrary Borel probability measure on and radii given by a deterministic sequence tending to zero. We prove, for a certain parameter range, the conjecture by Ekström and Persson concerning the exact value of the dimension in the special case of radii . For balls with an arbitrary sequence of radii, we find sharp bounds for the dimension and show that the natural extension of the Ekström–Persson conjecture is not true in this case. Finally, we construct examples demonstrating that there does not exist a dimension formula involving only the lower and upper local dimensions of the measure and a critical parameter determined by the sequence of radii.
One minute of light‐intensity stair‐stepping decreases postprandial glycaemia in the evening in non‐diabetic adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morales Austin , Wong William , Moore Jeff , Kressler Jochen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrior studies have investigated the efficacy of a single 1 min bout of stair‐stepping on reducing postprandial blood glucose (BG) in the morning, but none have investigated this effect in the evening when glycaemic responses are larger due to circadian regulation and β‐cell responsiveness. This work investigated the efficacy of a 1 min bout of self‐selected, low‐intensity stair‐stepping performed in the evening on reducing the change from baseline to the 60 min time point postprandial BG. Thirty people (43% male, 29 (10) years) participated in a randomized crossover‐controlled trial. Participants completed two separate evening trials following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g of dextrose dissolved in water): (a) 0 min of stair‐stepping seated control condition, and (b) 1 min of stair‐stepping condition. One minute of stair‐stepping attenuated the change from baseline to 60 min postprandial BG versus control condition (2.5 (2.8) vs. 4.3 (2.3) mmol/L (P < 0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were lower for the 1 min condition versus control (mean difference = −0.4,95% CI: 0.1–0.8 (P = 0.023) and (mean difference = −0.6, 95% CI 0.1–1.1 mmol/L−1 min−1 (P = 0.043), respectively. The modified BORG rate of perceived exertion scale showed participants perceived the exercise as light intensity (1.9 (1.1)). A single, 1 min bout of low‐intensity stair stepping at a self‐selected pace reduced evening postprandial BG levels following an OGTT in young non‐diabetic adults.
Coherencia y relevancia del programa de atención psicosocial, desde la perspectiva de operadores y víctimas, Santiago de Cali 2012-2015
Authors: POTES MORALES LINA YURANY 
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar la coherencia y relevancia del Programa de Atención Psicosocial a Víctimas del Conflicto Armado (PAPSIVI) desde la perspectiva de los operadores y las víctimas. Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación evaluativa de proceso con enfoque narrativo, siguiendo el modelo de evaluación de programas de promoción de Potvin. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo 11 entrevistas semiestructuradas con víctimas y profesionales responsables de la implementación del programa. Resultados: En relación con el componente de coherencia, se evidenció un bajo nivel. Los entrevistados mostraron desconocimiento del objetivo del programa, discontinuidad en su aplicación, y un proceso marcado por la georreferenciación de la población. Además, se encontró una relevancia parcial, dado que el componente psicosocial no es reconocido como un eje fundamental. Discusión: Superar la brecha que separa los imaginarios comunitarios de los institucionales requiere acciones en los siguientes aspectos clave: el reconocimiento de la política como eje central de los procesos de atención y reconciliación, la evaluación del proceso de implementación de las políticas, y el análisis del papel protagónico que desempeñan los profesionales en el área psicosocial. Conclusiones: El esfuerzo por implementar el PAPSIVI resulta insuficiente, lo que plantea la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias integradas y contextualizadas más eficientes, tanto para los operadores como para las víctimas.
Nusselt and Friction Factor Correlations for Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers in Variable Inlet Conditions
Authors: dos Santos F. J. , Oliveira Jorge L. G. , de Paiva Kleber V. , Possamai Talita S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gasketed plate heat exchangers (GPHEs) are essential equipment in many industries due to their efficiency and compact design. They are particularly valued owing to their versatility, but GPHE designing and sizing are challenging due to divergences in Nusselt number and friction factor correlations. In addition to the influence of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers on the abovementioned correlations, recent studies have shown that GPHE performance is also affected by geometrical plate features, GPHE assembly accuracy quantified by the tightening distance, and inlet conditions in the branches. Despite the noticeable effort in the literature to develop more accurate GPHE correlations, no study to date has presented correlations affected by the plate thickness, tightening distance, and branches' inlet conditions (differences in the inlet pressures). Therefore, new correlations were created that filled this gap, including the influences of the chevron angle and the corrugation aspect ratio. With the aid of multiple linear regressions, the trends and large variations of our experimental databases were satisfactorily reproduced. The results have been compared to relevant literature.
Thermal Performance Enhancement With Melting Effect of Nickel Foam and MXene Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material Composite-Based Thermal Energy Storages
Authors: Srivastava Utkarsh , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research explores the numerical investigation of melting processes in duplex and triplex tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems utilizing phase change material (PCM) enhanced with nickel foam and MXene nanoparticles. By incorporating a nickel foam/PCM/MXene (5% v/v) composite, the research scrutinizes the effects on melting characteristics, Stefan and Fourier numbers, and thermal behavior of both duplex tube thermal energy storage (DuT-TES) and triplex tube thermal energy storage (TrT-TES) configurations. A comprehensive analysis encompassing liquid fraction, melting temperature contours across varying melting durations, exergy destruction, exergetic efficiency, system efficiency, and the stored energy is conducted. The findings indicate that systems employing nickel foam/PCM–MXene composite exhibit superior performance compared to those utilizing nickel foam/PCM or pure PCM, resulting in a notable reduction in melting time. Furthermore, it is observed that the stored exergy of nickel foam/PCM composite surpasses that of pure cetyl alcohol PCM. In TrT-TES systems, melting with nickel foam/PCM composite occurs 58.82% faster than in DuT-TES systems. The stored energy of TrT-TES employing nickel foam/PCM and nickel foam/PCM/MXene composite is 4.55% and 3.69% greater, respectively, than that of DuT-TES systems. DuT-TES with nickel foam/PCM/MXene also achieves a 44.86% higher system efficiency at 90 s than nickel foam/PCM. Notably, the melting process with nickel foam/PCM/MXene in TrT-TES occurs 60.26% faster than in DuT-TES. Consequently, TrT-TES systems employing nickel foam/PCM/MXene composite demonstrate superior potential for latent heat thermal storage compared to DuT-TES systems.
Fully Nonlinear Interaction of Water Waves and a Submerged Cylinder With Wave Breaking Detection and Suppression
Authors: Wu Qihao , Chen Yujing , Zhang Min , Shao Yanlin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear interaction of regular water waves propagating over a fixed and submerged circular cylinder is numerically studied. At the structure’s lee side, the free surface profile experiences strong nonlinear deformation where the superharmonic free wave generated can be significant and is superposed on the transmitted wave. The wave profile then becomes asymmetric and skewed and may eventually reach the point of physical wave breaking. The governing equation and boundary conditions of this wave–structure interaction problem are formulated using both the fully nonlinear and the weak-scatterer theory. The corresponding boundary value problem is numerically solved by the immersed-boundary adaptive harmonic polynomial cell solver. In this study, a pragmatic wave-breaking suppression model is incorporated into the original solver. Both the harmonic free wave amplitudes at the structure’s lee side and the harmonic vertical forces on the cylinder are studied. The simulated harmonic wave amplitudes are compared to other published experiments and theoretical data. In general, good agreement is achieved. The effects of the incorporated wave-breaking suppression model on the simulated results are discussed. In our study, the incorporation of the pragmatic wave-breaking suppression model successfully extends the capabilities of the original fully nonlinear immersed-boundary adaptive harmonic polynomial cell solver.
Utility of digital images captured after 4 h of incubation on a microbiology laboratory automation system in guiding the work-up of subcultures from positive blood cultures
Authors: Cintrón Melvilí , Clark Brenden , Miranda Edwin , Babady N. Esther 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Initial workup [e.g., identification (ID) and/or antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)] of bacterial growth on solid media traditionally occurs 16–24 h after sub-culturing of positive blood cultures (BC). Early ID and AST can be facilitated by reviewing digital images captured using a Microbiology Laboratory Automation (MLA) system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of images captured at 4 h on the WASPLab MLA system for rapid bacterial ID and AST. Retrospective review of all positive BCs results between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2022 was performed. WASPLab App data were extracted to determine the decision (e.g., perform ID and/or AST or re-incubate plates) made from the 4 h image. Culture results were extracted from the laboratory information system (LIS). A total of 6,845 BCs flagged positive during the study period. The 4 h images for 1,476 cultures (21.6%) were reviewed: 1,200 cultures were re-incubated due to insufficient growth and 276 cultures (4.0%) were sent for ID and/or AST. ID by mass spectrometry was in 100% agreement with that of the molecular BC identification panels. Overall categorical agreement between AST results from the 4 h and overnight growth was 98%. The 4 h images for the remaining 5,369 cultures (78.4%) were not available for review during the day shift. Implementing early reading times for BCs on MLA allows for rapid and accurate ID and AST results. However, optimization of the reading schedule to align with the laboratory’s operation schedule is key to realizing the full potential of early reading times.

IMPORTANCE
In recent years, an increasing number of clinical microbiology laboratories have adopted laboratory automation for processing and incubation of specimens submitted for bacterial culture. At our institution, we implemented the Copan WASPLab in 2018 for all cultures, including positive blood cultures. Given that positive blood cultures start with a higher biomass of organisms, the first image capture was set up to occur after 4 h of incubation. In this study, we investigated the utility of this early 4 h image by capturing and calculating the percentage of useful actions taken based on growth identified on the image and the yield of both new identification by MALDI-TOF MS and valid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results. We found that while the 4-hour time point provided accurate, early identification and AST results, the overall yield was minimal. From a practical standpoint, this review prompted us to discontinue capture and review of this time point. While our staffing model is likely responsible for this low yield, we hope that our experience would help other laboratories decide how to implement WASPLab workflow for positive blood cultures. Thus, we believe that this information will be of interest to the readers of JCM.
Structural basis of different neutralization capabilities of monoclonal antibodies against H7N9 virus
Authors: Zhao Bingbing , Sun Zhenzhao , Wang Shida , Shi Zhibin , Jiang Yongping , Wang Xiurong , Deng Guohua , Jiao Peirong , Chen Hualan , Wang Jingfei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are important for the treatment of emerging viral diseases and for effective vaccine development. In this study, we generated and evaluated three nAbs (1H9, 2D7, and C4H4) against H7N9 influenza viruses and found that they differ in their ability to inhibit viral attachment, membrane fusion, and egress. We resolved the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of H7N9 hemagglutinin (HA) alone and in complex with the nAb antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) and identified the HA head-located epitope for each nAb, thereby revealing the molecular basis and key residues that determine the differences in these nAbs in neutralizing H7N9 viruses. Moreover, we found that the humanized nAb CC4H4 provided complete protection in mice against death caused by a lethal H7N9 virus infection, even when nAb was given 3 days after the mice were infected. These findings provide new insights into the neutralizing mechanism and structural basis for the rational design of H7N9 virus vaccines and therapeutics.

IMPORTANCE
H7N9 viruses have caused severe infections in both birds and humans since their emergence in early 2013 in China. Their persistent presence and variation in avian populations pose a significant threat to both poultry and humans. There are no treatments for human infections. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the neutralization mechanisms, structural basis, and therapeutic effects of three nAbs (1H9, 2D7, and C4H4) against H7N9 viruses. We revealed the molecular determinants underlying the varied performances of the three nAbs in neutralizing H7N9 viruses and protecting H7N9-infected mice. These insights provide a solid foundation for the rational design of vaccines and therapeutics against H7N9 viruses.
Mono-allelic epigenetic regulation of polycistronic transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Kieft Rudo , Cliffe Laura , Yan Haidong , Schmitz Robert J. , Hajduk Stephen L. , Sabatini Robert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Unique for a eukaryote, protein-coding genes in trypanosomes are arranged in polycistronic transcription units (PTUs). This genome arrangement has led to a model where Pol II transcription of PTUs is unregulated and changes in gene expression are entirely post-transcriptional.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
is unable to infect humans because of its susceptibility to an innate immune complex, trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) in the circulation of humans. The initial step in TLF-mediated lysis of
T.b.brucei
requires high affinity haptoglobin/hemoglobin receptor (HpHbR) binding. Here, we demonstrate that by
in vitro
selection with TLF, resistance is obtained in a stepwise process correlating with loss of HpHbR expression at an allelic level. RNA-seq, Pol II ChIP, and run-on analysis indicate HpHbR silencing is at the transcriptional level, where loss of Pol II binding at the promoter region specifically shuts down transcription of the HpHbR-containing gene cluster and the adjacent opposing gene cluster. Reversible transcriptional silencing of the divergent PTUs correlates with DNA base J modification of the shared promoter region. Base J function in establishing transcriptional silencing, rather than maintenance, is suggested by the maintenance of PTU silencing following the inhibition of J-biosynthesis and subsequent loss of the modified DNA base. Therefore, we show that epigenetic mechanisms exist to regulate gene expression via Pol II transcription initiation of gene clusters in a mono-allelic fashion. These findings suggest epigenetic chromatin-based regulation of gene expression is deeply conserved among eukaryotes, including early divergent eukaryotes that rely on polycistronic transcription.

IMPORTANCE

The single-cell parasite
Trypanosoma brucei
causes lethal diseases in both humans and livestock.
T. brucei
undergoes multiple developmental changes to adapt in different environments during its digenetic life cycle. With protein-coding genes organized as polycistronic transcription and apparent absence of promoter-mediated regulation of transcription initiation, it is believed that developmental gene regulation in trypanosomes is essentially post-transcriptional. In this study, we found reversible Pol II transcriptional silencing of two adjacent polycistronic gene arrays that correlate with the novel DNA base J modification of the shared promoter region. Our findings support epigenetic regulation of Pol II transcription initiation as a viable mechanism of gene expression control in
T. brucei
. This has implications for our understanding how trypanosomes utilize polycistronic genome organization to regulate gene expression during its life cycle.
Heme alters biofilm formation in
Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Aftab Hadia , Samudio Jessica , Wang Grace , Le Lily , Soni Rajesh K. , Donegan Rebecca K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
(Mabs) is commonly found in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. During infection, Mabs can form biofilms in the lung which reduce both the ability of the immune response to clear infection and the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. In the CF lung, heme and hemoglobin levels are increased and may provide both iron and heme to Mabs cells. In this work, we show that exogenous heme altered Mabs biofilm formation and measured the effects of exogenous heme on protein level and metabolism in Mabs. Our findings suggest that heme impacts iron homeostasis in Mabs and affects other aspects of its metabolism, highlighting the potential role of heme as a critical nutrient for Mabs growth and biofilm formation.

IMPORTANCE

Mycobacterium abscessus
(Mabs) is commonly found in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, where Mabs can form biofilms that can reduce the efficacy of antibiotics. During infection, the CF lung can have more than 10 times the extracellular heme than that of a healthy lung. We have found that extracellular heme can change the way Mabs cells grow and form biofilms, which may have implications for pathogenesis.
Scaffolding informed consent
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic , Levy Neil 
Published: December 2024

The principle of respecting patient autonomy underpins the concept and practice of informed consent. Yet current approaches to consent often ignore the ways in which the exercise of autonomy is deeply epistemically dependent.In this paper, we draw on philosophical descriptions of autonomy ‘scaffolding’ and apply them to informed consent in medicine. We examine how this relates to other models of the doctor–patient relationship and other theories (eg, the notion of relational autonomy). A focus on scaffolding autonomy reframes the justification for existing ways of supporting decisions. In other cases, it suggests a need to rethink how, when and where professionals obtain consent. It may highlight the benefit of technology for supporting decisions.Finally, we consider the implications for some high-stakes decisions where autonomy is thought to be critical, for example, termination of pregnancy. We argue that such decisions should not be free from all sources of influence—rather they should be protected from undesired influence.
Searching for dark torsion signatures at LIGO in Nieh–Yan teleparallel chiral gravitational waves and Chern–Simons invariants
Authors: Andrade L. C. Garcia de 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Romano has recently found that frequency modulation of gravitational waves (GWs) could be used as a dark matter probe. Many candidates for dark matter (DM) of various sources have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we use a teleparallel modified GW model to obtain DM dark torsion from LIGO data, where frequency modulation and frequency bands from various sources of GWs are investigated with regard to their suitability for DM dark torsion detection. In particular, nonhomogeneous and nonuniform chiral chemical potential generates GWs and dark torsion from primordial magnetic fields. It is shown that pulsar sources for GWs bathing the surface of the Earth on a contortion background of

$$10^{-15}\,\textrm{s}^{-1}$$

10

-
15

s

-
1

possess amplitudes well within the parameters of LIGO capabilities of amplitudes on the order of

$$10^{-22}$$

10

-
22

. GWs are also investigated in the context of having been produced by a primordial magnetic field and inhomogeneity on the chiral chemical potential. The torsion signatures at LIGO correspond to the amplitude dependence of massive torsion by GWs.
CtxPipe: Context-aware Data Preparation Pipeline Construction for Machine Learning
Authors: Gao Haotian , Cai Shaofeng , Dinh Tien Tuan Anh , Huang Zhiyong , Ooi Beng Chin 
Published: December 2024

Machine learning models are only as good as their training data. Simple models trained on well-chosen features extracted from the raw data often outperform complex models trained directly on the raw data. Data preparation pipelines, which clean and derive features from the data, are therefore important for machine learning applications. However, constructing such pipelines is a resource-intensive process that involves deep human expertise.
Our goal is to design an efficient framework for automatically finding high-quality data preparation pipelines. The main challenge is how to explore a large search space of pipeline components with the objective of computing features that maximize the performance of the downstream models. Existing solutions are limited in terms of feature quality, which results in low accuracies of the downstream models, while incurring significant runtime overhead. We present CtxPipe, a novel framework that addresses the limitations of previous works by leveraging contextual information to improve the pipeline construction process. Specifically, it uses pre-trained embedding models to capture the data semantics, which are then used to guide the selection of pipeline components. We implement CtxPipe with deep reinforcement learning and evaluate it against state-of-the-art automated pipeline construction solutions. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that CtxPipe outperforms all of the baselines in both model performance and runtime cost.