bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with age and body mass index: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thakur Bhaskar , Pathak Mona , Singh Pratima , Padhan Prasanta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe study aims to recognize the prevalence and possible risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google scholar for potential studies published before the October 30, 2020. The study characteristics, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) events, and various types of rheumatic diseases were extracted, and the meta‐analysis method was used to pool the estimates.ResultsWe identified eight studies with 37 285 patients for this meta‐analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of OSA was 29.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.2‐46.7; I2 = 99.6%) in the patients with RA. Age was higher in RA patients with OSA but this was not significant. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with OSA in the RA population (standardized mean difference 1.08; P = 0.044). Assessment based on the Berlin Questionnaire© for Sleep Apnea resulted in a more precise estimate of OSA prevalence with reduced heterogeneity (prevalence 45.3%; 95% CI 37.4‐53.3; I2 = 58.8%).ConclusionPrevalence of OSA among the RA cohort was 29.8% with significant heterogeneity. However, the prevalence was 45.3% when studies were restricted to the OSA diagnosis based on the Berlin questionnaire with very low heterogeneity. Higher BMI is the principal risk factor of OSA development in RA. Hence, controlling BMI could be a preventive strategy for OSA among RA patients.
Adipose tissue senescence is mediated by increased ATP content after a short‐term high‐fat diet exposure
Authors: Pini Maria , Czibik Gabor , Sawaki Daigo , Mezdari Zaineb , Braud Laura , Delmont Thaïs , Mercedes Raquel , Martel Cécile , Buron Nelly , Marcelin Geneviève , Borgne‐Sanchez Annie , Foresti Roberta , Motterlini Roberto , Henegar Corneliu , Derumeaux Geneviève 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the context of obesity, senescent cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT). The cellular underpinnings of WAT senescence leading to insulin resistance are not fully elucidated. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the presence of WAT senescence early after initiation of high‐fat diet (HFD, 1–10 weeks) in 5‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice and the potential role of energy metabolism. We first showed that WAT senescence occurred 2 weeks after HFD as evidenced in whole WAT by increased senescence‐associated ß‐galactosidase activity and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and 2A expression. WAT senescence affected various WAT cell populations, including preadipocytes, adipose tissue progenitors, and immune cells, together with adipocytes. WAT senescence was associated with higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity leading to enhanced ATP content in HFD‐derived preadipocytes, as compared with chow diet‐derived preadipocytes. One‐month daily exercise, introduced 5 weeks after HFD, was an effective senostatic strategy, since it reversed WAT cellular senescence, while reducing glycolysis and production of ATP. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of exercise was independent of body weight and fat mass loss. We demonstrated that WAT cellular senescence is one of the earliest events occurring after HFD initiation and is intimately linked to the metabolic state of the cells. Our data uncover a critical role for HFD‐induced elevated ATP as a local danger signal inducing WAT senescence. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on adipose tissue bioenergetics in obesity, reversing cellular senescence, and metabolic abnormalities.
Association of alcohol use disorder on alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and death: a population‐based, matched cohort study
Authors: Leong Christine , Bolton James M. , Ekuma Okechukwu , Prior Heather J. , Singal Deepa , Nepon Josh , Konrad Geoffrey , Paillé Michael , Finlayson Greg , Nickel Nathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsHigh‐risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD).DesignRetrospective, population‐based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. Rates were modeled using generalized linear models with either negative binomial distribution or Poisson distribution and a log offset of person‐years to account for each person's time to follow‐up.SettingManitoba, Canada.ParticipantsIndividuals aged ≥ 12 years with a first indication of AUD (index date) between 1 April 1990 and 31 March 2015 were matched to five controls based on age, sex and geographical region at index. This study included 53 410 individuals with AUD and 264 857 matched controls.MeasurementsAdjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each outcome from 5 years prior to and 20 years after AUD detection.FindingsAlcohol‐related cancers (aRR = 4.85, 95% CI = 3.88–6.07 and aRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35–2.53 for men and women, respectively), diabetes (aRR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.50–2.02 and aRR = 2.43, 95% CI = 2.20–2.68) and IHD (aRR = 3.59, 95% CI = 3.31–3.90 and aRR = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.50–3.41) peaked in the 1 year prior to index for those with AUD compared with matched controls. All‐cause mortality (aRR = 3.31, 95% CI = 3.09–3.55 and aRR =3.61, 95% CI = 3.21–4.04) was highest in the year of index and remained higher among cases compared with controls throughout the 20‐year follow‐up.ConclusionPeople with alcohol use disorder appear to have higher rates of adverse health outcomes in the year before alcohol use disorder recognition, and death at the time of alcohol use disorder recognition, compared with matched controls.
Does co‐occurrence drive vertical niche partitioning in parapatric tamarins (Saguinus spp.)?
Authors: Sobroza Tainara Venturini , Pequeno Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima , Gordo Marcelo , Kinap Natalia Margarido , Barnett Adrian Paul Ashton , Spironello Wilson Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStable species coexistence is a result of a balance between niche and fitness differences. One of the most common competitive patterns that arise from interactions between closely related species is character displacement, which may lead to divergence of certain traits and niche partitioning in areas where species co‐occur. In this study, we used data on 35 groups of two parapatric tamarins (Saguinus midas and S. bicolor) to test for asymmetries in group size and competitively driven divergence in forest strata use, under the influence of resource availability fluctuation across the year. We hypothesised that S. midas is competitively superior to S. bicolor, and this would result from differences in fitness‐related traits (group size). If so, species patterns of vertical habitat across the year should shift in sympatry relative to allopatry. We found that species had similar group sizes, suggesting they have similar competitive abilities. Further, both pied and red‐handed tamarins used lower heights whenever in larger groups, which may be related to a diet shift in response to increases in intragroup competition. In addition, we refuted our prediction of vertical niche partitioning in sympatry. Instead, S. midas moved upwards into the canopy with increasing rainfall over the year (a proxy for resource availability) both in sympatry and allopatry, whereas S. bicolor was unresponsive to both rainfall and geographic contact with S. midas groups. Therefore, the difference in vertical habitat use between these species over part of the year is probably more related to the degree of resource seasonality experienced by each species within their ranges, than to competition.
Deployable designs to temporarily convert subacute hospital rooms into palliative care rooms
Authors: Khine Thinn Thinn , Workman Barbara , Pan Hanmei , Aung Nyein Chan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the design of deployable articles that can turn subacute hospital rooms into palliative care rooms to provide better patient‐centred care and to meet the shortage of dedicated palliative care spaces in Australia.MethodsClinicians and a design researcher collaborated to review the literature, obtain clinical/practitioner feedback on needs and use design research methods to produce design concepts and prototypes for use in the subacute care hospital setting.ResultsA design solution that included: (a) A guest‐bed module for improved family togetherness and room personalisation; and (b) A digital connectivity module designed to provide family togetherness virtually.ConclusionsInformed design solutions for palliative care spaces were derived from clinical feedback and literature evidence. Clinicians expressed great interest and support for further development and implementation in Victorian hospitals. This exploratory concept also provides insights for future research and innovation in the design of palliative care environments.
The fetal cerebroplacental ratio in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Lodge Jade , Flatley Christopher , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHypertensive disorder in pregnancy is common and the optimal ultrasound surveillance of the fetus in this setting is unclear.AimThe aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertension.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed over ten years at a single centre. All women who had an ultrasound scan between 34 and 37 weeks gestation with a non‐anomalous singleton pregnancy were included. The hypertensive cohorts were compared to a non‐hypertensive cohort. Each cohort was divided into low CPR for gestational age, or normal/high CPR and these were correlated with intrapartum and perinatal outcomes.ResultsA low CPR in a hypertensive pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of induction of labour, emergency caesarean section and poor perinatal outcome. This significance persists when adjusted for gestational age and birth weight. The diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia combined with a low CPR markedly increases the risk of poor perinatal outcome, with 52.6% (P < 0.001) of fetuses in this group having either neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, low Apgar score, or acidosis. The odds ratio of a fetus with low CPR in a woman with pre‐eclampsia having a poor composite outcome is 4.09 (95% CI: 1.85−9.06).ConclusionThere is an association between low CPR and the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by a hypertensive disorder. This association appears to be stronger in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia than in other types of hypertensive disorders.
Outcomes of women with positive oncogenic HPV and reflex cytology showing possible high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Ng Hamon Y.K. , Tan Jeffrey H.J. , Marceglia Alexandra H. , Bittinger Sophie , Dundas Kristy E. , Talia Karen L. , Wrede C. David H. 
Published: July 2021

AimTo examine outcomes in women following cervical screening detection of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), with reflex cytology showing possible high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (pHSIL).Materials and methodsA retrospective observational study of 523 women seen in the Royal Women’s Hospital Colposcopy Clinic from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2020.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐two (53.9%) women had histology‐confirmed HSIL, encompassing CIN2 or worse (CIN2+), including seven cancers (1.3%) and two adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (0.4%). In 81.2% (229/282) of women with CIN2+, this was detected on cervical biopsy at initial colposcopy, with another 8.9% (25/282) of CIN2+ detected at cervical excision following initial colposcopy and the remaining 9.9% (28/282) at follow‐up colposcopy thereafter. When discordant cervical biopsy results were discussed at multidisciplinary meeting (MDM), 66.7% of women with pHSIL cytology upgraded to definite HSIL were found to have CIN2+, but only 20.8% when pHSIL cytology was retained and none when downgraded to low‐grade (LSIL) or normal. No significant difference was found in the proportion of CIN2+ based on patient age above or below 40, HPV16 and/or 18 versus non 16/18, or whether discordant findings were reviewed at MDM.ConclusionsWe propose a pathway for management of women with positive oncogenic HPV and reflex pHSIL cytology. MDM review is recommended when CIN2+ is not identified on cervical biopsy at initial colposcopy. Conservative management is safe with low risk of CIN2+ when LBC prediction of pHSIL is confirmed or downgraded at MDM with no high‐grade change on colposcopy or repeat cytology.
Critical Ethnography and Research Relationships: Some Ethical Dilemmas
Authors: Ryder Andrew 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEthnography can be a deeply challenging form of research in which the researcher has to navigate the boundaries of acceptable observation and avoid the pitfalls of intrusion. In the last twenty years, legalistic and contractual ethical codes have gained prominence and influence in social research. Despite the welcome focus on ethical issues, ethical codes rarely prompt the researcher to share the research outcomes with the research participants or prompt the researcher to actively consider using the research to shape and change policy frameworks to have positive impacts for those at the margins. Through a fictionalized account of the struggles of an ethnographic researcher, the article highlights such tensions by exploring their reflexive analysis of relationships with research participants located at the margins.
Immunologic markers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus‐ and hepatitis C virus‐infected individuals
Authors: Koshiol Jill , Argirion Ilona , Liu Zhiwei , Kim Lam Tram , O’Brien Thomas R. , Yu Kelly , McGlynn Katherine A. , Petrick Jessica L. , Pinto Ligia , Chen Chien‐jen , Hildesheim Allan , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Yang Hwai‐I 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundClinical and experimental studies suggest immunologic proteins contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.AimTo evaluate circulating immunologic markers and HCC risk.MethodsFrom a Taiwanese cohort of chronically hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected individuals followed over time (REVEAL‐HBV), we sampled 175 who developed HCC, 117 cirrhosis only, and 165 non‐cirrhotic controls. From a similar Taiwanese cohort of chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected individuals (REVEAL‐HCV), we included 94 individuals who developed HCC, 68 cirrhosis only and 100 non‐cirrhotic controls. We compared pre‐diagnostic plasma levels of 102 markers in HCC cases to non‐cirrhotic and cirrhotic controls using polytomous logistic regression. A priori markers included insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). P‐values for other markers were corrected for multiple testing (false discovery rate = 10%).ResultsIn both REVEAL‐HBV and REVEAL‐HCV, increasing levels of ICAM‐1 were associated with increased risk of HCC compared to non‐cirrhotic controls (P‐trend 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). In both REVEAL‐HBV and REVEAL‐HCV, two novel markers [C‐X‐C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)] were positively associated [strongest odds ratioquartile 4 versus 1 (OR) 4.55 for HGF in HCV], while two [complement factor H related 5 (CFHR5) and stem cell factor (SCF)] were negatively associated (strongest ORQ4vQ1 0.14 for SCF in HCV) with development of HCC compared to non‐cirrhotic controls.ConclusionsWe confirmed the association for ICAM‐1 and identified 4 additional proteins associated with HBV‐ and HCV‐related HCC. These findings highlight the importance of immunologic processes in HBV‐ and HCV‐related HCC.
Emotional Valence Precedes Semantic Maturation of Words: A Longitudinal Computational Study of Early Verbal Emotional Anchoring
Authors: Martínez‐Huertas José Á. , Jorge‐Botana Guillermo , Olmos Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a longitudinal computational study on the connection between emotional and amodal word representations from a developmental perspective. In this study, children's and adult word representations were generated using the latent semantic analysis (LSA) vector space model and Word Maturity methodology. Some children's word representations were used to set a mapping function between amodal and emotional word representations with a neural network model using ratings from 9‐year‐old children. The neural network was trained and validated in the child semantic space. Then, the resulting neural network was tested with adult word representations using ratings from an adult data set. Samples of 1210 and 5315 words were used in the child and the adult semantic spaces, respectively. Results suggested that the emotional valence of words can be predicted from amodal vector representations even at the child stage, and accurate emotional propagation was found in the adult word vector representations. In this way, different propagative processes were observed in the adult semantic space. These findings highlight a potential mechanism for early verbal emotional anchoring. Moreover, different multiple linear regression and mixed‐effect models revealed moderation effects for the performance of the longitudinal computational model. First, words with early maturation and subsequent semantic definition promoted emotional propagation. Second, an interaction effect between age of acquisition and abstractness was found to explain model performance. The theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute‐funded Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT) program: Eighteen years of cell therapy
Authors: El Fiky Ashraf , Ibenana Laarni , Anderson Robert , Hare Joshua M. , Khan Aisha , Gee Adrian P. , Rooney Cliona , McKenna David H. , Gold Joseph , Kelley Linda , Lundberg Martha S. , Welniak Lisbeth A. , Lindblad Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT) Program, is funded and supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to advance development of somatic cell and genetically modified cell therapeutics in the areas of heart, lung, and blood diseases. The program began in 2003, continued under two competitive renewals, and ended June 2021. PACT has supported cell therapy product manufacturing, investigational new drug enabling preclinical studies, and translational services, and has provided regulatory assistance for candidate cell therapy products that may aid in the repair and regeneration of damaged/diseased cells, tissues, and organs. PACT currently supports the development of novel cell therapies through five cell processing facilities. These facilities offer manufacturing processes, analytical development, technology transfer, process scale‐up, and preclinical development expertise necessary to produce cell therapy products that are compliant with Good Laboratory Practices, current Good Manufacturing Practices, and current Good Tissue Practices regulations. The Emmes Company, LLC, serves as the Coordinating Center and assists with the management and coordination of PACT and its application submission and review process. This paper discusses the impact and accomplishments of the PACT program on the cell therapy field and its evolution over the duration of the program. It highlights the work that has been accomplished and provides a foundation to build future programs with similar goals to advance cellular therapeutics in a coordinated and centralized programmatic manner to support unmet medical needs within NHLBI purview.
An indirect treatment comparison of the efficacy of semaglutide 1.0 mg versus dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg
Authors: Pratley Richard E. , Catarig Andrei‐Mircea , Lingvay Ildiko , Viljoen Adie , Paine Abby , Lawson Jack , Chubb Barrie , Gorst‐Rasmussen Anders , Miresashvili Nino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of semaglutide 1.0 mg versus dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg on HbA1c and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA Bucher indirect comparison was conducted to compare efficacy outcomes of semaglutide 1.0 mg versus dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg using published results from the SUSTAIN 7 and AWARD‐11 trials. Sensitivity analyses using individual patient data from SUSTAIN 7 and aggregate data from AWARD‐11 were conducted to explore the impact of adjustment for cross‐trial imbalances in baseline characteristics.ResultsSemaglutide 1.0 mg significantly reduced HbA1c versus dulaglutide 3.0 mg, with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of −0.24%‐points (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.43, −0.05), with comparable reductions in HbA1c versus dulaglutide 4.5 mg with an ETD of −0.07%‐points (95% CI −0.26, 0.12). Semaglutide 1.0 mg significantly reduced body weight versus dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg with an ETD of −2.65 kg (95% CI −3.57, −1.73) and −1.95 kg (95% CI −2.87, −1.03), respectively. Sensitivity analyses supported the primary analysis findings.ConclusionsThis indirect comparison showed significantly greater reductions in HbA1c with semaglutide 1.0 mg versus dulaglutide 3.0 mg and comparable HbA1c reductions versus dulaglutide 4.5 mg. Semaglutide 1.0 mg significantly reduced body weight versus both dulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg. With several glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists available, information regarding their comparative efficacy can be valuable to clinicians.
Optimizing type 1 diabetes after multiple daily injections and capillary blood monitoring: Pump or sensor first? A meta‐analysis using pooled differences in outcome measures
Authors: Thomas Maria G. , Avari Parizad , Godsland Ian F. , Lett Aaron M. , Reddy Monika , Oliver Nick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsMost people living with type 1 diabetes self‐manage using multiple daily injection (MDI) insulin regimens and self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are adjuncts to education and support self‐management optimization. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess which first‐line technology is most effective.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and WEB OF SCIENCE) were systematically searched from 1999 to September 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing either CSII with MDI or CGM with SMBG in adults with type 1 diabetes were included. Data were extracted in duplicate by two reviewers, and were analysed to assess individual and overall treatment effect measures (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020149915).ResultsGlycated haemoglobin was significantly reduced for CGM when compared with SMBG [Cohen's d − 0.62 (95% CI −0.79 to −0.45)] and for CSII when compared with MDI [Cohen's d − 0.44 (95% CI −0.67 to −0.22)]. Rates of severe hypoglycaemia were significantly reduced with CGM compared with SMBG, but did not change for CSII when compared with MDI. Episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis were more likely to occur with CSII than MDI. Both CSII and CGM reduced glucose standard deviation, compared with MDI and SMBG respectively.ConclusionsBoth CGM and CSII remain impactful interventions compared with SMBG and MDI but in adults with type 1 diabetes and in the contexts in which they have been studied, CGM might have a greater positive impact on glycaemic variability and severe hypoglycaemia than CSII, when added to MDI and SMBG. A head‐to‐head study, including patient reported outcomes, is required to explore these findings further.