bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of abdominal tuberculosis in a community-based hospital in a high-income developing country
Authors: Mousa Hussam , Abdel-Kader Saleh , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The delayed diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis increases its mortality. We aimed to study the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and were treated at Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates.

Methods
All patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and were treated at Al-Ain Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were studied. Data were collected retrospectively using a structured protocol including demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, management, and outcome.

Results
Twenty-four patients having a median age of 30 years were studied with an incidence of 0.6/100,000 population. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (95.8%) and malaise (79.2%). Fever was present only in nine patients (37.5%). Laboratory investigations, except for polymerase chain reaction immunoassay, were not helpful. Chest X-ray was abnormal in three patients (12.5%). Ultrasound and abdominal CT scan were non-specific. Thirteen patients needed surgical intervention for diagnosis or therapy. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 15 patients (62.5%), immunological assays in 7 patients (29.2%), microbiological culture in 1 patient (4%), and therapeutic trial in 1 patient (4%). The most common type of abdominal tuberculosis was gastrointestinal in 13 patients (54.2%) followed by free wet peritonitis in 5 patients (20.8%). All patients had quadruple anti-tuberculous therapy for a minimum of 6 months. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days. None of our patients died.

Conclusions
Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis remains challenging despite advances in medical technology and diagnostic tools. The limited need for diagnostic therapy in our study supports the benefit of PCR assay. Surgery was mainly indicated as the last option to reach the diagnosis or to treat complications.
A case of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor treated with bronchoscopic therapy plus lobectomy
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Wenxia , Han Cheng , Jiang Hanliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with malignant potential. We presented a case of a young adult who was diagnosed with IMT and treated with loop electrocautery therapy to relieve airway obstruction, followed by lobectomy to complete resection. Recent studies have supported the use of such interventional resection methods.

Case presentation
A non-smoking 30-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of progressive dyspnea and productive cough. The Chest X-ray showed a homogenous opacity invading the entire left hemithorax, and the mediastinum content was attracted to the left side. In an effort to avoid pneumonectomy and afford rapid palliation of dyspnea, loop electrocautery was selected as the most appropriate therapy. The left upper lobectomy by thoracoscopy was performed instead of left upper lobe sleeve resection in order to better prevent the recurrence of lung atelectasis. After 6 years of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence has been found till now.

Conclusion
Interventional bronchoscopy coupled with surgical resection serves not only as a palliative management to bronchial obstruction but also a way to avoid pneumonectomy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Exosomal DLX6-AS1 from hepatocellular carcinoma cells induces M2 macrophage polarization to promote migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma through microRNA-15a-5p/CXCL17 axis
Authors: Wang Lin-pei , Lin Jing , Ma Xiao-qiu , Xu Dong-yao , Shi Chun-feng , Wang Wei , Jiang Xiao-jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells-secreted exosomes (exo) could stimulate M2 macrophage polarization and promote HCC progression, but the related mechanism of long non-coding RNA distal-less homeobox 6 antisense 1 (DLX6-AS1) with HCC-exo-mediated M2 macrophage polarization is largely ambiguous. Thereafter, this research was started to unearth the role of DLX6-AS1 in HCC-exo in HCC through M2 macrophage polarization and microRNA (miR)-15a-5p/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17) axis.

Methods
DLX6-AS1, miR-15a-5p and CXCL17 expression in HCC tissues and cells were tested. Exosomes were isolated from HCC cells with overexpressed DLX6-AS1 and co-cultured with M2 macrophages. MiR-15a-5p/CXCL17 down-regulation assays were performed in macrophages. The treated M2 macrophages were co-cultured with HCC cells, after which cell migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition were examined. The targeting relationships between DLX6-AS1 and miR-15a-5p, and between miR-15a-5p and CXCL17 were explored. In vivo experiment was conducted to detect the effect of exosomal DLX6-AS1-induced M2 macrophage polarization on HCC metastasis.

Results
Promoted DLX6-AS1 and CXCL17 and reduced miR-15a-5p exhibited in HCC. HCC-exo induced M2 macrophage polarization to accelerate migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition in HCC, which was further enhanced by up-regulated DLX6-AS1 but impaired by silenced DLX6-AS1. Inhibition of miR-15a-5p promoted M2 macrophage polarization to stimulate the invasion and metastasis of HCC while that of CXCL17 had the opposite effects. DLX6-AS1 mediated miR-15a-5p to target CXCL17. DLX6-AS1 from HCC-exo promoted metastasis in the lung by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in vivo.

Conclusion
DLX6-AS1 from HCC-exo regulates CXCL17 by competitively binding to miR-15a-5p to induce M2 macrophage polarization, thus promoting HCC migration, invasion and EMT.
Exercise training and de-training effects on serum leptin and TNF-α in high fat induced diabetic rats
Authors: Dinari Ghozhdi Hamideh , Heidarianpour Ali , Keshvari Maryam , Tavassoli Hassan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdipocytokines, which are secreted by the adipose tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. To evaluate this assumption, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), and 4 weeks of de-training on serum leptin and TNF-α levels in diabetic rats.Method36 Wistar rats were divided into normal diet (ND) (control, RET, AET) and high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ (control, RET, AET) groups. Serum insulin, leptin, and TNF-α levels were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. Also fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured by the colorimetric kits.ResultsDiabetes induction increased body weight (BW) and FBG, and decreased insulin compared to the ND rats’ groups (p < 0.001). 12-weeks of AET and RET programs in the trained diabetic rats led to a decrease in TG, LDL-C, leptin, TNF-α, and FBG, and an increase in insulin compared to the HFD + STZ-C group (p < 0.001). Besides, there was no difference between AET and RET in improving the variables studied (p > 0.05). Also, de-training led to increased BW, TG, leptin, and TNF-α compared to the end of the exercise training (p < 0.05). The correlation between the variables studied was established at different stages of the study (p < 0.05), and only BW was not correlated with insulin during exercise training and de-training (p > 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that both AET and RET are useful in reducing levels of serum adipocytokines (TNF-α, leptin) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. At the same time, 4 weeks of de-training was sufficient to lose the metabolic adaptations.
High-risk lesions of the breast: concurrent diagnostic tools and management recommendations
Authors: Catanzariti Francesca , Avendano Daly , Cicero Giuseppe , Garza-Montemayor Margarita , Sofia Carmelo , Venanzi Rullo Emmanuele , Ascenti Giorgio , Pinker-Domenig Katja , Marino Maria Adele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBreast lesions with uncertain malignant behavior, also known as high-risk or B3 lesions, are composed of a variety of pathologies with differing risks of associated malignancy. While open excision was previously preferred to manage all high-risk lesions, tailored management has been increasingly favored to reduce overtreatment and spare patients from unnecessary anxiety or high healthcare costs associated with surgical excision. The purpose of this work is to provide the reader with an accurate overview focused on the main high-risk lesions of the breast: atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (atypical ductal hyperplasia), lobular neoplasia (including the subcategories lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical lobular hyperplasia), flat epithelial atypia, radial scar and papillary lesions, and phyllodes tumor. Beyond merely presenting the radiological aspects of these lesions and the recent literature, information about their potential upgrade rates is discussed in order to provide a useful guide for appropriate clinical management while avoiding the risks of unnecessary surgical intervention (overtreatment).
An attractive numerical algorithm for solving nonlinear Caputo–Fabrizio fractional Abel differential equation in a Hilbert space
Authors: Al-Smadi Mohammed , Djeddi Nadir , Momani Shaher , Al-Omari Shrideh , Araci Serkan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur aim in this paper is presenting an attractive numerical approach giving an accurate solution to the nonlinear fractional Abel differential equation based on a reproducing kernel algorithm with model endowed with a Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative. By means of such an approach, we utilize the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process to create an orthonormal set of bases that leads to an appropriate solution in the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}^{2}[a,b]$

H
2

[
a
,
b
]
. We investigate and discuss stability and convergence of the proposed method. The n-term series solution converges uniformly to the analytic solution. We present several numerical examples of potential interests to illustrate the reliability, efficacy, and performance of the method under the influence of the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative. The gained results have shown superiority of the reproducing kernel algorithm and its infinite accuracy with a least time and efforts in solving the fractional Abel-type model. Therefore, in this direction, the proposed algorithm is an alternative and systematic tool for analyzing the behavior of many nonlinear temporal fractional differential equations emerging in the fields of engineering, physics, and sciences.
An alternative approach for complicated prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis
Authors: Karangelis Dimos , Krommydas Argyris , Mitropoulos Fotios A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) with destruction of the aortic root and aortomitral continuity is demanding even in experienced hands.

Case presentation
Herein, we describe a case of a 71-year-old female patient who presented with PVE that was further complicated by a fistulous abscess cavity. The patient underwent removal of the dehisced prosthetic valve, radical annular debridement, reconstruction of the aortomitral curtain with a pericardial patch as a patch exclusion technique and implantation of a sutureless valve.

Conclusion
Patch exclusion technique, followed by sutureless valve implantation, might represent a feasible and safe alternative for the surgical treatment of complicated PVE.
Impact of parasitic infection on human gut ecology and immune regulations
Authors: Naveed Ahsan , Abdullah Sabahat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe human body harbors trillions of microbes collectively known as microbiota. The human gut microbiota is importantly involved in most of the human metabolic and regulatory pathways. The gut microbiota needs to be balanced for the health of the host. Several factors are involved in the distribution of microbiota in the human body, in most cases these microbiotas are commensals, but some circumstances lead to serious disorders and the development of infections from microbiota. When parasites colonize the gut, the balance between the host and the gut microbiota can be disturbed. Parasitic invasion in the gut is associated with unhygienic conditions including contaminated food and water. Parasitic invasion in the gut induces the immune response to recognize and eliminate pathogens. The current study highlights the immune system’s response to disruption of normal intestinal microbiota and parasitic infections.
Fuel load, stand structure, and understory species composition following prescribed fire in an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forest
Authors: Cowman David , Russell Will 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the prevalence of catastrophic wildfire increasing in response to widespread fire suppression and climate change, land managers have sought methods to increase the resiliency of landscapes to fire. The application of prescribed burning in ecosystems adapted to fire can reduce fuel load and fire potential while minimizing impacts to the ecosystem as a whole. Coast redwood forests have historically experienced fire from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and are likely to respond favorably to its reintroduction.ResultsRandom sampling was conducted in three burned sites and in three unburned sites, in an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens[D. Don] Endl.) forest. Data were collected on fuel, forest structure, and understory species composition and compared between treatments. Downed woody fuel, duff depth, litter depth, and density of live woody fuels were found to be significantly lower on sites treated with fire compared to unburned sites. Density of the dominant overstory canopy species, coast redwood and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.menziesii[Mirb.] Franco), remained consistent between treatments, and the abundance of herbaceous understory plant species was not significantly altered by burning. In addition, both downed woody fuel and live fuel measures were positively correlated with time since last burn, with the lowest measures on the most recently burned sites.ConclusionsOur results indicated that the use of prescribed burning in old-growth redwood forests can provide beneficial reductions in live and dead surface fuels with minimal impacts to overstory trees and understory herbaceous species.
Chronic cranial window for photoacoustic imaging: a mini review
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Xi Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) microscopy is being increasingly used to visualize the microcirculation of the brain cortex at the micron level in living rodents. By combining it with long-term cranial window techniques, vasculature can be monitored over a period of days extending to months through a field of view. To fulfill the requirements of long-term in vivo PA imaging, the cranial window must involve a simple and rapid surgical procedure, biological compatibility, and sufficient optical-acoustic transparency, which are major challenges. Recently, several cranial window techniques have been reported for longitudinal PA imaging. Here, the development of chronic cranial windows for PA imaging is reviewed and its technical details are discussed, including window installation, imaging quality, and longitudinal stability.
Ultra-low-dose chest CT protocol during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic: a double-observer prospective study on 250 patients to evaluate its detection accuracy
Authors: Samir Ahmed , El-Husseiny Reham Mohamed , Sweed Rania Ahmed , El-Maaboud Nermeen Abd El-Monsef Abd , Masoud Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
While the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic almost reached its climax, unfortunately, new viral strains are rapidly spreading, and numbers of infected young adults are rising. Consequently, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) demands are increasing, regarding patients’ screening, initial evaluation and follow up. This study aims to evaluate the detection accuracy of ultra-low-dose chest CT in comparison with the routine low-dose chest CT to reduce the irradiation exposure hazards.

Results
This study was prospectively conducted on 250 patients during the period from 15th December 2020 to 10th February 2021. All of the included patients were clinically suspected of COVID-19 infection. All patients were subjected to routine low-dose (45 mAs) and ultra-low-dose (22 mAs) chest CT examinations. Finally, all patients had confirmatory PCR swab tests and other dedicated laboratory tests. They included 149 males and 101 females (59.6%:40.4%). Their age ranged from 16 to 84 years (mean age 50 ± 34 SD). Patients were divided according to body weight; 104 patients were less than 80 kg, and 146 patients were more than 80 kg. HRCT findings were examined by two expert consultant radiologists independently, and data analysis was performed by other two expert specialist and consultant radiologists. The inter-observer agreement (IOA) was excellent (96–100%). The ultra-low-dose chest CT reached 93.53–96.84% sensitivity and 90.38–93.84% accuracy. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 12.8:16.1; CTDIvol (mGy) = 1.1 ± 0.3, DLP (mGy cm) = 42.2 ± 7.9, mean effective dose (mSv/mGy cm) = 0.59 and absolute cancer risk = 0.02 × 10-4.

Conclusion
Ultra-low-dose HRCT can be reliably used during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the irradiation exposure hazards.
Facilitators and barriers to the utilization of the ACT SMART Implementation Toolkit in community-based organizations: a qualitative study
Authors: Sridhar Aksheya , Drahota Amy , Walsworth Kiersten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence-based practices (EBPs) have been shown to improve behavioral and mental health outcomes for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research suggests that the use of these practices in community-based organizations is varied; however, the utilization of implementation guides may bridge the gap between research and practice. The Autism Community Toolkit: Systems to Measure and Adopt Research-Based Treatments (ACT SMART) Implementation Toolkit is a web-based implementation toolkit developed to guide organization-based implementation teams through EBP identification, adoption, implementation, and sustainment in ASD community-based organizations.

Methods
This study examined the facilitators and barriers (collectively termed “determinants”) to the utilization of this toolkit, based on the perspectives of implementation teams at six ASD community-based organizations. Two independent coders utilized the adapted EPIS framework and the Technology Acceptance Model 3 to guide qualitative thematic analyses of semi-structured interviews with implementation teams.

Results
Salient facilitators (e.g., facilitation teams, facilitation meetings, phase-specific activities) and barriers (e.g., website issues, perceived lack of ease of use of the website, perceived lack of resources, inner context factors) were identified, highlighting key determinants to the utilization of this toolkit. Additionally, frequent determinants and determinants that differed across adapted EPIS phases of the toolkit were noted. Finally, analyses highlighted two themes: (a) Inner Context Determinants to use of the toolkit (e.g., funding) and (b) Innovation Determinants (e.g., all website-related factors), indicating an interaction between the two models utilized to guide study analyses.

Conclusions
Findings highlighted several factors that facilitated the utilization of this implementation guide. Additionally, findings identified key areas for improvement for future iterations of the ACT SMART Implementation Toolkit. Importantly, these results may inform the development, refinement, and utilization of implementation guides with the aim of increasing the uptake of EBPs in community-based organizations providing services to children with ASD and their families. Finally, these findings contribute to the implementation science literature by illustrating the joint use of the EPIS framework and Technology Acceptance Model 3 to evaluate the implementation of a web-based toolkit within community-based organizations.
A review on association and correlation of genetic variants with eating disorders and obesity
Authors: Ahamed Sayed Koushik , Barek Md Abdul , Roy Uthpall Kumar , Kouser Md , Reza Md Sharif , Mannan Afifa Binthe , Alam Md Ashraful , Uddin S. M. Naim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNow, eating disorders and obesity and their correlations are danger signal in worldwide which is caused by multifactor and associated with significant mortality and morbidity.Main bodyEvery aspect of a patient’s life is influenced by eating disorders and obesity and their correlations. Due to frequent seeing of obese patients, eating disorders have been included in the review as they can sometimes be associated with obesity. However, it should be noted that most patients having eating disorder are at risk to be obese or overweight. This research explores the risk factors for the two disorders, as well as the assessment of medical complications and treatment recommendations for the disorders. In these two disorders, there is also a correlation. The essential consideration is that eating disorders are impulse-control disorders which are similar to addictive behaviors in some aspects. So it is a crying need to treat a patient with obesity and eating disorders simultaneously to ensure success. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs) and obesity and their correlation.ConclusionThis review enlightens on the summary of eating disorder, obesity, genotypic traits, molecular relations, interaction, correlation, and effect of eating disorder and obesity which outline potential future directions and clinical implications for patients with EDs and obesity.
Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century
Authors: Jeger Michael , Beresford Robert , Bock Clive , Brown Nathan , Fox Adrian , Newton Adrian , Vicent Antonio , Xu Xiangming , Yuen Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe discipline of plant pathology has an expanding remit requiring a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary approach to capture the complexity of interactions for any given disease, disease complex or syndrome. This review discussed recent developments in plant pathology research and identifies some key issues that, we anticipate, must be faced to meet the food security and environmental challenges that will arise over coming decades. In meeting these issues, the challenge in turn is for the plant pathology community to respond by contributing to a wider forum for multidisciplinary research, recognising that impact will depend not just on advances in the plant pathology discipline alone, but on interactions more broadly with other agricultural and ecological sciences, and with the needs of national and global policies and regulation. A challenge more readily met once plant pathologists again gather physically at international meetings and return to the professional and social encounters that are fertile grounds for developing new ideas and forging collaborative approaches both within plant pathology and with other disciplines. In this review we emphasise, in particular: the multidisciplinary links between plant pathology and other disciplines; disease management, including precision agriculture, plant growth and development, and decision analysis and disease risk; the development and use of new and novel plant protection chemicals; new ways of exploiting host genetic diversity including host resistance deployment; a new perspective on biological control and microbial interactions; advances in surveillance and detection technologies; invasion of exotic and re-emerging plant pathogens; and the consequences of climate change affecting all aspects of agriculture, the environment, and their interactions. We draw conclusions in each of these areas, but in reaching forward over the next few decades, these inevitably lead to further research questions rather than solutions to the challenges we anticipate.