bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Urease Test vs Histopathological Examination: A Prospective Study to Compare the Accuracy of Both Tests in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Sundaravadanan B. S. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic gastritis and plays important role in peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. The main aim and objective of the study were to study the incidence of H. pylori. To find the efficacy of rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological examination of gastric biopsy in diagnosing H. pylori organism.
Methods: This study was conducted at saveetha medical college and hospitals for 6 months. A comparative study between rapid urease test and histopathological examination to diagnose H. pylori infection. Some 100 patient with gastritis was taken for this study.
Result: A total No of patients 100 (100%) were taken for this study in which 64 patients were detected positive for H. pylori by RUT method and 63 patients were detected positive for H. pylori by HPE method.The total no of cases positive for both RUT and HPE is 60.An association between RUT and HPE finding in the study group with the sensitivity being 95.24%, specificity being 89.19%, positive predictive value 93.75%, negative predictive valve 91.67% and accuracy 93.00%.
Conclusion: Our study shows when comparing rapid urease test and histopathological examination. RUT and HPE show the same level of accuracy in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Since the rapid urease test is a rapid technique to perform so it is a good alternative for histological examination in a resource-poor environment.
Degradable Hydrogel Adhesives with Enhanced Tissue Adhesion, Superior Self‐Healing, Cytocompatibility, and Antibacterial Property
Authors: Yang Yili , Shi Kai , Yu Keman , Xing Feiyue , Lai Haiwang , Zhou Yingshan , Xiao Pu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDegradable hydrogel adhesives with multifunctional advantages are promising to be candidates as hemostatic agents, surgical sutures, and wound dressings. In this study, hydrogel adhesives are constructed by catechol‐conjugated gelatin from natural resource, iron ions (Fe3+), and a synthetic polymer. Specifically, the latter is prepared by the radical ring‐opening copolymerization of a cyclic ketene acetal monomer 5,6‐benzo‐2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane and N‐(2‐ethyl p‐toluenesulfonate) maleimide. By the incorporation of ester bonds in the backbone and the combination with quaternary ammonium salt pendants in the polymer, it exhibits excellent degradability and antibacterial property. Remarkably, doping the synthetic polymer into the 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid‐modified gelatin network forms a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network which can effectively improve the rigidity, tissue adhesion, and antibacterial property of fabricated hydrogel adhesives. Moreover, non‐covalent bonds from coordination interaction between catechol and Fe3+ contribute to the fast self‐healing of the developed hydrogel adhesives. These hydrogel adhesives with the multiple merits including the degradability, enhanced tissue adhesion, superior self‐healing, good cytocompatibility, and antibacterial property show the great potential to be used as tissue adhesives in biomedical fields.
Unraveling Anionic Redox for Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes: Breakthroughs and Perspectives
Authors: Ren Haixia , Li Yu , Ni Qiao , Bai Ying , Zhao Huichun , Wu Chuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) as the next generation of sustainable energy technologies have received widespread investigations for large‐scale energy storage systems (EESs) and smart grids due to the huge natural abundance and low cost of sodium. Although the great efforts are made in exploring layered transition metal oxide cathode for SIBs, their performances have reached the bottleneck for further practical application. Nowadays, anionic redox in layered transition metal oxides has emerged as a new paradigm to increase the energy density of rechargeable batteries. Based on this point, in this review, the development history of anionic redox reaction is attempted to systematically summarize and provide an in‐depth discussion on the anionic redox mechanism. Particularly, the major challenges of anionic redox and the corresponding available strategies toward triggering and stabilizing anionic redox are proposed. Subsequently, several types of sodium layered oxide cathodes are classified and comparatively discussed according to Na‐rich or Na‐deficient materials. A large amount of progressive characterization techniques of anionic oxygen redox is also summarized. Finally, an overview of the existing prospective and the future development directions of sodium layered transition oxide with anionic redox reaction are analyzed and suggested.
Additive Manufacturing of Ti3C2‐MXene‐Functionalized Conductive Polymer Hydrogels for Electromagnetic‐Interference Shielding
Authors: Liu Ji , Mckeon Lorcan , Garcia James , Pinilla Sergio , Barwich Sebastian , Möbius Matthias , Stamenov Plamen , Coleman Jonathan N. , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ongoing miniaturization of devices and development of wireless and implantable technologies demand electromagnetic interference (EMI)‐shielding materials with customizability. Additive manufacturing of conductive polymer hydrogels with favorable conductivity and biocompatibility can offer new opportunities for EMI‐shielding applications. However, simultaneously achieving high conductivity, design freedom, and shape fidelity in 3D printing of conductive polymer hydrogels is still very challenging. Here, an aqueous Ti3C2‐MXene‐functionalized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate ink is developed for extrusion printing to create 3D objects with arbitrary geometries, and a freeze–thawing protocol is proposed to transform the printed objects directly into highly conductive and robust hydrogels with high shape fidelity on both the macro‐ and microscale. The as‐obtained hydrogel exhibits a high conductivity of 1525.8 S m–1 at water content up to 96.6 wt% and also satisfactory mechanical properties with flexibility, stretchability, and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the use of the printed hydrogel for customizable EMI‐shielding applications is demonstrated. The proposed easy‐to‐manufacture approach, along with the highlighted superior properties, expands the potential of conductive polymer hydrogels in future customizable applications and represents a real breakthrough from the current state of the art.
Cellular Nanosponges for Biological Neutralization
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Wang Dan , Duan Yaou , Zhou Zhidong , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiological neutralization represents a general strategy that deploys therapeutic agents to bind with harmful molecules or infectious pathogens, block their bioactivity, and thus prevent them from causing the diseases. Here, a comprehensive review of using cell‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles, namely “cellular nanosponges,” as host decoys for a wide range of biological neutralization applications is provided. Compared to traditional neutralization strategies, the cellular nanosponges stand out by mimicking susceptible host cells rather than accommodating the structures of the causative agents for the design of therapeutics. As all pathological agents must interact with host cells for bioactivity, nanosponges bypass the diversity of these agents and create function‐driven and broad‐spectrum neutralization solutions. The review focuses on the recent progress of using this new nanomedicine platform for neutralization against five primary pathological agents, including bacterial toxins, chemical toxicants, inflammatory cytokines, pathological antibodies, and viruses. Existing studies have established cellular nanosponges as versatile tools for biological neutralization. A thorough review of the cellular nanosponge technology is expected to inspire more refined cellular nanosponge designs and unique neutralization applications to address unsolved medical problems.
Interactions Between Graphene‐Based Materials and Biological Surfaces: A Review of Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Pandit Santosh , Rahimi Shadi , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying molecular mechanism of how graphene materials (GMs) interact with biological surfaces is the key to develop safe and effective biomedical applications of GMs. Here, a systematic and comprehensive mechanistic perspective of interactions between pristine GMs and biological membranes is provided. To this end, first the known mechanisms of interaction between GMs and membrane components are summarized and classified, with a focus on phospholipids, cholesterol, and membrane proteins. Both experimental observations and computational simulations are included. Detailed experimental conditions and physiochemical properties of GMs are listed for each cited application. At the end of this review, current challenges and conflicts that limit biomedical applications of GMs are discussed. Based on reported mechanisms, guidelines for future studies to address the remaining challenges are proposed, specifically with respect to modulating the intrinsic properties of GMs for more efficient and safer therapeutic applications.
3D Printing Nano‐Architected Semiconductors Based on Versatile and Customizable Metal‐Bound Composite Photoresins
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Liu Yuncheng , Deng Chunsan , Yu Kewang , Fan Xuhao , Zhang Wenguang , Tao Yufeng , Hu Huace , Deng Leimin , Xiong Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemiconductors are the cornerstones of the current information age. Next‐generation integrated optoelectronics calls for ultrahigh‐resolution manufacturing of sophisticated three‐dimensional (3D) semiconductor products, which introduces tremendous challenges for conventional planar lithography techniques. State‐of‐the‐art 3D printing techniques are promising but hampered by the absence of functional precursors for semiconductor formation. Here, a facile method to synthesize versatile and customizable metal‐bound composite photoresins for 3D printing various nano‐architected metal oxide semiconductors is reported. These photoresins can be readily synthesized using metal‐organic framework (MOF) precursors and commercially available monomers, which are free of the nanoparticle‐induced scattering effect. Arbitrary 3D architectures of metal oxide semiconductors (e.g., ZnO and Co3O4) are additively manufactured with a high resolution of 170 nm, high shape fidelity, and high surface quality. A ZnO‐based micro‐ultraviolet photodetector is fabricated to demonstrate its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The versatile photoresins are expected to have broad applicability for various functional materials and pave the way for the fabrication of 3D integrated functional devices.
Construction of Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks via Photocatalysis‐Involved Cascade Reactions for Tumor‐Selective Treatment
Authors: Guan Qun , Zhou Le‐Le , Dong Yu‐Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a powerful tool in modern organic synthesis, however, it has not been applied to the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), even in synthetic cascade approaches. Herein, the construction of a series of imine‐linked COFs from benzyl ethers and aromatic amines via sequential visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic oxidation and imine condensation steps is reported. The synthesis is performed under ambient conditions and is readily expanded to the gram‐scale. This strategy results in imine‐linked COFs possessing a uniform particle size with regular spherical morphology which may be particularly suitable for biomedical applications. This is an improvement to the conventional solvothermal method which results in heterogenous particles. For example, RT‐COF‐1 synthesized in this work is a promising nanocarrier for loading lonidamine for selective tumor treatment via chemotherapy. It is believed that the concept of photocatalytic‐cascade COF synthesis expands the scope for imine‐linked COFs and significantly enriches the nanoscale COF synthetic methodology.
Relating topography and soil phosphorus distribution in litter‐amended pastures in Arkansas
Authors: Adhikari Kabindra , Braden Indi S. , Owens Phillip Ray , Ashworth Amanda J. , West Charles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPoultry producers in northwestern Arkansas fertilize pastures with litter, leading to excessive P buildup on surface soils with risk of contaminating nearby surface waters. Information on the influence of pasture topography on P runoff is limited. Objectives were to assess soil P and P index status in pastures, quantify topographic influence on P distribution, and generate high‐resolution P maps for site‐specific nutrient management. Soil samples were collected from a commercial farm in a grid design and analyzed for Mehlich‐3 P (STP), and dissolved reactive P (DRP). Gburek (GPI) and Sims P indices (SPI) were calculated by considering soil erosion and runoff potentials, STP, and P fertilizer application rate and source. A machine‐learning algorithm, based on a random forest model, quantified spatial relationships of STP, DRP, and P indices with topography. The study area was highly variable in topography and soil P levels. High‐slope areas bordering a stream and flat areas with lower elevation had greater GPI and SPI. Topography explained up to 50% of variation in STP and DRP distribution and >70% variation in GPI and SPI, which was linked to litter application sites and cattle feeding sites. Key terrain attributes for STP, DRP, GPI, and SPI distribution were elevation, slope position, slope height, valley depth, and valley bottom flatness. Predicted P maps illustrated areas along a stream had lower STP and DRP levels, but greater GPI and SPI. This analysis linked topographic relationships with P distribution, as topography controls the flow and distribution of water and influences farm management practices; therefore, future P management strategies should explicitly incorporate topographic risks.
Visible‐light‐mediated Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonylquinolines: Mechanistic Insights into the Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Paul Aditya , Banerjee Srirupa , Yadav Somnath 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe visible light Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photocatalyzed synthesis of 4‐(hetero)aryl‐3‐sulfonylquinolines are reported by the reaction of N‐propargylanilines and arylsulfonyl chlorides. The diversity of the methodology for the synthesis of products with substituents on the quinoline ring, aryl/hetroaryl substituents at C4 of quinoline and aryl/alkylsulfonyl groups are reported. Detailed mechanistic studies using radical trapping experiments, cyclic voltammetry studies and fluorescence quenching studies are reported that show that contrary to expectations, the reaction proceeds through a novel major pathway involving reductive quenching of the photoexcited Ru(bpy)3Cl2 catalyst by the N‐propargylanilines as the primary photochemical step and not through oxidative quenching of the Ru(bpy)3Cl2 catalyst by the arylsulfonyl chloride to generate the arylsulfonyl radical.
The relationship between bipedalism and growth: A metric assessment in a documented modern skeletal collection (Certosa Collection, Bologna, Italy)
Authors: Pietrobelli Annalisa , Marchi Damiano , Belcastro Maria Giovanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesLong bone variations during growth are susceptible to the combined action of nutritional, hormonal, and genetic factors that may modulate the mechanical forces acting upon growing individuals as they progressively acquire a mature gait. In this work, we explore diaphyseal length and breadth variations of tibia and fibula during ontogeny (a) to test the presence of changes in relation to early toddling, and (b) to further our understanding of developmental patterns in relation to sex.Materials and MethodsLengths, breadths, and indices were analyzed on right and left leg bones of 68 subadult individuals (Human Identified Skeletal Collection of the University of Bologna, Italy). Analyses included intersex and age classes (1, 0–1 year; 2, 1.1–3 years; 3, 3.1–6 years) comparisons, linear regressions with age and assessment of correlation among tibial and fibular measurements, as well as principal component analysis.ResultsA significant difference emerged among age class 1 and the others. Age class 1 and 3 differ between them, while age class 2 overlaps with the others. No sex dimorphism was detected. All measurements were strongly correlated with age. Tibial and fibular measurements correlated with each other.ConclusionsOur results relate the progressive emergence of toddling attempts in growing individuals at the end of the first year of age. No significant sex differences were found, suggesting that tibial and fibula growth might diverge between sexes in later childhood. We provide quantitative data regarding tibial and fibular linear growth and its timing in a modern documented osteological sample from Italy.
Successful interhospital transfer for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a patient who had a cardiac arrest after cesarean section
Authors: Ijuin Shinichi , Ishihara Satoshi , Maemura Saki , Fukushima Masafumi , Murakami Atsushi , Inoue Akihiko , Taniguchi Yayoi , Igarashi Nobuaki , Matsuyama Shigenari , Kawase Tetsunori , Doi Tomofumi , Nakayama Shinichi 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundStudies describing the effectiveness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for peripartum cardiopulmonary arrest are lacking.Case PresentationA 39‐year‐old woman underwent elective cesarean section. Right after surgery, she fell into a cardiac arrest and was promptly transferred to our institute by ambulance. On arrival, we immediately initiated ECPR, within 63 min of the cardiac arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved 80 min after induction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. As the hemodynamics of the patient stabilized, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was discontinued on day 3 of hospitalization. The patient’s cerebral performance category score was 3 at discharge, which improved to 2 after 3 months.ConclusionThis case suggests that prompt interhospital transfer and ECPR might be effective for peripartum cardiac arrest due to nonhemorrhagic events.
A Reversible Chemogenetic Switch for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells**
Authors: Cao Wenyue , Geng Zhi Zachary , Wang Na , Pan Quan , Guo Shaodong , Xu Shiqing , Zhou Jianfeng , Liu Wenshe Ray 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a revolutionary cancer treatment, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy suffers from complications such as cytokine release syndromes and T cell exhaustion. Their mitigation desires controllable activation of CAR‐T cells that is achievable through regulatory display of CARs. By embedding the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease (HCV‐NS3) between the single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) and the hinge domain, we showed that the display of anti‐CD19 scFv on CAR‐T cells was positively correlated to the presence of a clinical HCV‐NS3 inhibitor asunaprevir (ASV). This novel CAR design that allows the display of anti‐CD19 scFv in the presence of ASV and its removal in the absence of ASV creates a practically reversible chemical switch. We demonstrated that the intact CAR on T cells can be repeatedly turned on and off by controlling the presence of ASV in a dose dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo, which enables delicate modulation of CAR‐T activation during cancer treatment.
Intramolecular Noncovalent Interaction‐Enabled Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transporting Materials for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Kun , Liao Qiaogan , Huang Jun , Zhang Zilong , Su Mengyao , Chen Zhicai , Wu Ziang , Wang Dong , Lai Ziwei , Woo Han Young , Cao Yan , Gao Peng , Guo Xugang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntramolecular noncovalent interactions (INIs) have served as a powerful strategy for accessing organic semiconductors with enhanced charge transport properties. Herein, we apply the INI strategy for developing dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) by constructing two small‐molecular HTMs featuring an INI‐integrated backbone for high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Upon incorporating noncovalent S⋅⋅⋅O interaction into their simple‐structured backbones, the resulting HTMs, BTORA and BTORCNA, showed self‐planarized backbones, tuned energy levels, enhanced thermal properties, appropriate film morphology, and effective defect passivation. More importantly, the high film crystallinity enables the materials with substantial hole mobilities, thus rendering them as promising dopant‐free HTMs. Consequently, the BTORCNA‐based inverted PVSCs delivered a power conversion efficiency of 21.10 % with encouraging long‐term device stability, outperforming the devices based on BTRA without S⋅⋅⋅O interaction (18.40 %). This work offers a practical approach to designing charge transporting layers with high intrinsic mobilities for high‐performance PVSCs.
Equilibrium study on the reactive extraction of heterocyclic monocarboxylic acids from the aqueous solution using Alamine 300/diluent composite solvent: Optimization and modeling of the solvent effect
Authors: Senol Aynur , Yalçinkaya Özlem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExperiments were conducted to optimize the extraction equilibrium of reactive systems (water + heterocyclic carboxylic acid + Alamine 300/diluent) at T = 298.2 K and P = 101.3 kPa. The uptake capacity of the commercial composite solvent Alamine 300/diluent approximates the order: 2‐furoic acid ≥ alpha‐oxo‐2‐furanacetic acid > tetrahydro‐2‐furoic acid, and n‐heptane < 1,2‐dichloroethane < 1‐heptanol ≤ 2‐heptanone. Four differentiable models featuring the effects of separation ratio R and synergistic enhancement SE factors are stringently tested to identify global optimization ranges by derivative variation method as follows: 0.2 < R < 0.8 and 4 < SE < 7 for 1‐heptanol and 2‐heptanone, 1.2 < R < 3.5 and 4 < SE < 6.5 for 1,2‐dichloroethane, 2 < R < 80 and 4 < SE < 80 for n‐heptane, and Alamine 300 concentration 0.12–0.18 mol dm−3. Consecutively, the optimum mass transfer stages of a countercurrent extraction are calculated by Kremser–Souders–Brown equation. The equilibrium properties are estimated precisely according to linear solvation energy relation with substantial improvement linear solvation energy relation with substantial improvement (LSER‐si), solvation probability relation solvation probability relation (SPR) and Chemodel‐modified yielding mean relative errors of 7.0%, 0.08% and 20.4%, respectively.
Tyrosinase‐mediated hydrogel crosslinking for tissue engineering
Authors: Choi Sumi , Ahn Hyerin , Kim Su‐Hwan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogel system based on enzyme‐mediated mild crosslinking reaction has been a promising approach in tissue engineering. Inspired by skin melanin synthesis and marine mussel adhesion, tyrosinase‐mediated hydrogel crosslinking has been exploited as cell‐friendly reactions and explicit reaction mechanisms. Hydrogel prepared by tyrosinase exhibits appealing properties as a dynamic scaffold for cell delivery and as a bioink for 3D bioprinting. Recapitulating the structure of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), innovative tyrosinase‐mediated hydrogel crosslinking has now shifted to the field of translational medicine. Biomimetic hydrogel with in situ tyrosinase crosslinking can be efficiently and easily applicable to the disease model for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will discuss a broad range of tyrosinase‐mediated tissue engineering from the specific mechanism of tyrosinase reaction and designing a strategy for tyrosinase‐mediated hydrogel crosslinking to dynamic applications in tissue engineering. In addition, we report the current challenges and future perspectives for the translational applications.