bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming Georgia’s regulations on Shareholders’ right to interim dividend Confronting the European Company Law
Authors: Tokhadze Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article provides a critical legal analysis of Georgia’s regulations on the interim dividend payment and highlights the necessity of proper amendments to comply with European company law. Since having an EU-Georgia Association Agreement signed, the dynamic process of Europeanization has put various legislative changes on the agenda, which also regard shareholders’ proprietary rights. This article briefly gives a novel insight into the distribution of interim dividends from a comparative point of view. It suggests the possibly scrutinized coverage of the legal preconditions along with liability consequences for the interim dividend declaration from the perspective of both shareholders and joint stock companies in Georgia. The article emphasizes the structure of the corporation, which naturally bedrocks the potential conflict of interests between the shareholders and creditors. The topic also endorses questioning Georgia’s rules on capital maintenance in relation to the interim dividend distribution. Hence, the study reveals prevailing regulatory lapses and makes pertinent recommendations on the alignment of the financial interests of those mentioned. Last but not least, the article exposes how directors on the credible basis of their fiduciary duties are assigned to divert assets of the corporation since their rationality in decision-making is expected to meet the best interests of the company.
“Conditioned” Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Georgia: Talking the EU Talk
Authors: Amashukeli Mariam , Lezhava Diana , Chitashvili Marine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the latest wave of the higher education quality assurance (QA) reform, implemented by the Government of Georgia in response to its obligations envisaged by the EU–Georgia Association Agreement and its consequent Association Agenda 2017–2020. We argue that Eu conditionality was a major driving factor for the modernization of Georgian QA system according to the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG 2015), and even though the reform was mostly implemented in the framework of the country’s EU integration, an expected reward in the form of the membership of the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) granted to the national Center for Educational Quality Enhancement (NCEQE) of Georgia was the major driving force for implementing the reform successfully. While this reward-driven reform has resulted in the ENQA membership, it has not inevitably led to building a sustainable, independent and development-oriented external quality assurance system for the enhancement of Georgian higher education. Therefore, the entire QA reform was merely aimed at “talking the EU talk” (Schimmelfennig & Sedelmeier, 2005, p. 27) by the Georgian government instead of actually being focused on the development of internal “quality culture” in Georgian higher education institutions.
Election Campaigning: The Case of Georgia
Authors: Melikidze Giorgi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPreparing for elections during election campaigning has been topical in every era. In the 19th century, new methods for carrying out election campaigns were developed in the United States. The Americanization of election campaigns is characterized by political personalization, the special role of the media in a pre-election period, brittle ideological grounds and particular specialization of the political campaign. A plethora of different concepts have been coined to explain this process, including ‘Americanization’ and ‘professionalization’. As the uS is identified as the origin of election campaigning trends, these assumed convergences came to be known in academic writing as ‘Americanization’. Election campaigning was in need of professionals hired to navigate the campaign’s strategy. With the emergence of campaign advisors, the term ‘professionalization’ was introduced.In Georgia, the first steps on the way to statehood were made at the beginning of the 1990s, following the 70 years of Soviet rule. in post-Soviet Georgia, multiparty and competitive elections enabled political parties to use foreign experience in political campaigning. The goal of the present article is to define the existing election campaign model in Georgia, and especially, to examine the tendencies of Americanization in the election campaigns in Georgia in the period of 1990–2016. According to the research hypothesis, the weak institutionalization of the party system creates a favorable ground for the Americanization of political campaigning. in the 1990s, the weak representativeness of Georgian parties played an important role in political campaigning since the very beginning. in the research process, the characteristics of political campaigns in post-Soviet Georgia were analyzed.This study makes use of qualitative research methods, including: (a) expert interviews with political consultants; (b) in-depth interviews with representatives of political parties; and (c) in-depth interviews with the selected electorate. Qualitative research methods were chosen for the work for the purpose of understanding the tendencies of the Americanization of election campaigning in Georgia from the respondents’ perspective. Qualitative methods are more explicit and descriptive, and by gathering responses like these, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.
Die Häufigkeit von Verben in fachlichen und öffentlichen Texten in deutscher Sprache
Authors: Cho See-Young , Parlar Koray , Roelcke Thorsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDie Grammatik in fachsprachlichen Texten unterscheidet sich – so die allgemein verbreitete Hypothese – von derjenigen in allgemeinsprachlichen Texten insbesondere durch die unterschiedliche Vorkommenshäufigkeit einzelner morphologischer oder syntaktischer Erscheinungen. In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Verben wie auch einzelne Verbarten und -formen in fachlichen Texten (hier: Dissertationen und Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) in einem geringeren Maße erscheinen als in allgemeinsprachlichen des öffentlichen Sprachgebrauchs (Nachrichten und World Wide Web). Aus diesen Ergebnissen werden Hypothesen für weitere Analysen generiert.
IG II21623, 276–285. AthensversusPirates: between Recovery, Need and Patriotism
Authors: Verdejo-Manchado Javier , Antela-Bernárdez Borja 
Published: June 2021

SummaryScholars have usually understood the epigraphical evidence for an Athenian naval mission led by Diotimos as an example of the treaties in the framework of the Corinthian League and Athens’ role as guarantor of security on the seas. Nevertheless, a close look at the main characters involved in the inscription and the mission of Diotimos, as well as to the historical context and the rise of the Macedonian hegemony, seems to allow a new interpretation of the evidence, in order to shed some light on the nature of Diotimos’ mission.
Supplicationes. Dankfeste als Komponente inneraristokratischer Konkurrenz in der römischen Republik
Authors: Karataş Sema 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag ordnet diesupplicationesvon den Anfängen bis in die letzte Phase der späten Republik in die laufende Debatte um die inneraristokratische Konkurrenz der politischen Elite Roms ein. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage nach der Rolle und Funktion dersupplicatioals Distinktionsmerkmal im Wettkampf umhonosundhonores. Die Genehmigung einersupplicatiosah für die erfolgreichen Feldherren eine besonders prominente Rolle innerhalb des Rituals vor und hob sie zugleich aus dem Kreis ihrer Konkurrenten hervor. Das hohe Interesse der Feldherren an einersupplicatiowird bei der Untersuchung derjenigen Dankfeste deutlich, die vom Senat abgelehnt wurden: Schließlich stellte diesupplicatioeinen Zwischenschritt nach der Verleihung desimperator-Titels, aber vor der Genehmigung des Triumphs dar.
A taxonomy of antonymy in Arabic: Egyptian and Saudi proverbs in comparison
Authors: Hassanein Hamada , Mahzari Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study has set out to identify, quantify, typify, and exemplify the discourse functions of canonical antonymy in Arabic paremiography by comparing two manually collected datasets from Egyptian and Saudi (Najdi) dialects. Building upon Jones’s (2002) most extensive and often-cited classification of the discourse functions of antonyms as they co-occur within syntactic frames in news discourse, the study has substantially revised this classification and developed a provisional and dynamic typology thereof. Two major textual functions are found to be quantitatively significant and qualitatively preponderant: ancillarity (wherein an A-pair of canonical antonyms project their antonymicity onto a more important B-pair) and coordination (wherein one antonym holds an inclusive or exhaustive relation to another antonym). Three new functions have been developed and added to the retrieved classification: subordination (wherein one antonym occurs in a subordinate clause while the other occurs in a main clause), case-marking (wherein two opposite cases are served by two antonyms), and replacement (wherein one antonym is substituted with another). Semicanonical and noncanonical guises of antonymy are left and recommended for future research.
State-of-the-art in methane-reforming reactor modeling: challenges and new insights
Authors: Fabrik Michael , Salama Amgad , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The reforming of methane is an important industrial process, and reactor modeling and simulation is frequently employed as a design and analysis tool in understanding this process. While much research work is devoted to catalyst formulations, reaction mechanisms, and reactor designs, this review aims to summarize the literature concerning the simulation of methane reforming. Applications in industrial practice are highlighted, and the three main approaches to representing the reactions are briefly discussed. An overview of simulation studies focusing on methane reforming is presented. The three central methods for fixed-bed reactor modeling are discussed. Various approaches and modern examples are discussed, presenting their modeling methods and key findings. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a dedicated review of simulation work done for methane reforming and provide a reference for understanding this field and identifying possible new paths.
The perception of voicing contrast in assimilation contexts in minimal pairs: evidence from Hungarian
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna , Kiss Zoltán G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has been long acknowledged that the perception and production of speech is affected by the presence or absence of higher levels of linguistic information, too. The recoverability of meaning heavily relies on semantic context, similarly, the precision of articulation is inversely proportional to the presence of semantic information. The present study explores the recoverability of the voice feature of word-final alveolar fricatives in minimal pairs in Hungarian in phonetic contexts that trigger regressive voicing assimilation. Specifically, it aims to clarify whether the acoustic differences found in earlier studies are perceptually salient enough to distinguish underlying voicing in minimal pairs in semantically ambiguous contexts. For this reason, a perception study with the synthesised minimal pairmész–méz‘whitewash–honey’ was carried out where the amount of voicing in the fricative, and the duration of the fricative and vowel were manipulated. The target words appeared in the following three phonetic contexts: before /p/, before /b/ and before the vowel /a/. Our results suggest that the observed acoustic differences in most of the cases remain below the perceptual threshold which means that phonological contrast is indeed neutralised before obstruents in Hungarian, and this may cause semantic ambiguity.
Ślązacy na wydziale teologii Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego w XV wieku
Authors: Markowski Mieczysław 
Published: June 2021

Założenie uniwersytetów w Pradze, Wiedniu i Krakowie umożliwiło też Ślązakom wzięcie w większym stopniu udziału w uniwersyteckiej kulturze późnego średniowiecza. Mimo iż w XV wieku w środkowej Europie powstało szereg wyższych uczelni, to najtrwalsze i najaktywniejsze okazały się te związki z Uniwersytetem Krakowskim.
Księgozbiór z Bielan w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej Zabezpieczenie i konserwacja, zasób, udostępnianie Komunikat o stanie opracowania – czerwiec 2011
Authors: Partyka Jacek 
Published: June 2021

Od jesieni 2009 roku Biblioteka Jagiellońska stała się depozytariuszem obszernej, cennej i bardzo interesującej kolekcji druków pochodzących z biblioteki Klasztoru Ojców Kamedułów na krakowskich Bielanach. Opracowanie księgozbioru zostało rozpoczęte niemal bezpośrednio po przejęciu wszystkich druków przez Bibliotekę Jagiellońską. Do opracowania zaangażowano dwie grupy pracowników, rekrutujących się z Oddziału Opracowania Zbiorów bądź z Oddziału Starych Druków, zgodnie z naturalnym podziałem na druki nowe i starodruki. Biblioteka kamedułów z Bielan była przez stulecia zamknięta za klauzurą i niedostępna dla większości czytelników, lecz teraz książki, które przez wiele lat stanowiły źródło wiedzy, pomoc i środek poznawczy dla wąskiego grona zakonników, mogą w rozmaity sposób służyć wszystkim zainteresowanym. W przyszłym roku, po zakończeniu podstawowej części opracowania tego zbioru, otworzy się niezwykle interesujące pole badawcze, jakim będzie możliwość pracy nad całością kolekcji.
Survei Kemampuan Teknik Dasar Passing Bawah Ekstrakurikuler Bolavoli
Authors: Prayogatama Bagus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study aims to determine the basic technical skills of passing under by using tests on extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 5 Jombang. This study uses descriptive quantitative data analysis with survey research methods. The research subjects were volleyball extracurricular members at SMP Negeri 5 Jombang which consisted of 18 students. Based on the results of the study, the results of the data analysis on the basic skills of passing under volleyball for the male extracurricular participants were in the moderate category and for the process assessment was included in the sufficient category, while the female volleyball extracurricular participants were in the sufficient category for the outcome assessment and process assessment. So there is 25% good, 25% good enough and 50% good enough.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian survey. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 5 Jombang yang terdiri dari 18 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa hasil analisis data tes keterampilan dasar passing bawah bolavoli peserta ekstrakurikuler putra masuk dalam kategori sedang dan untuk penilaian proses termasuk dalam kategori cukup sedangkan peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli putri termasuk dalam kategori cukup untuk penilaian hasil dan penilaian proses. Jadi ada 25% baik, 25% cukup dan 50% cukup.
Implementasi Video Teks Narasi untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Narasi Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Adlani Salsabillah , Agustina Ratna Trieka , Muchtar Muchtar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This research aimed: (1) the application of narrative text video media could increase learning activities in writing narrative text of the fifth grade students of SDN Sukolilo Jabung, (2) the application of learning media text video could increase the students skill in writing narrative text of the fifth grade students of SDN Sukolilo Jabung. This research described classroom activities using a qualitative approach. The result of this research was that the ability of writing Indonesian paragraphs rose from the average 71,2 with the classical completeness 73 percent in the cycle 1 to 84,63 with the classical completeness 94 percent in the cycle 2. It showed that the application of narrative text video media model could enhance the skill of writing narrative text.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) penerapan media video teks narasi dapat meningkatkan kegiatan pembelajaran menulis teks narasi pada siswa kelas V SDN Sukolilo Jabung, (2) penerapan media pembelajaran video teks dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks narasi pada siswa kelas V SDN Sukolilo Jabung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keterampilan menulis paragraf Bahasa Indonesia meningkat dari nilai rata-rata 71,2 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 73 persen pada siklus I menjadi 84,63 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 94 persen pada siklus II. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model media video teks narasi dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks narasi.
Pengembangan Panduan Teknik Sosiodrama untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa MTs Nurul Ulum Malang
Authors: Pangerti Nadia Izaura Puji , Rahman Diniy Hidayatur , Triyono Triyono 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study aims to develop a Sociodrama Technique Guide to Increase Self-Confidence of Students at MTs Nurul Ulum Malang. This research uses the research and development method of the Research and Development (R and D) model developed by Borg and Gall (1983) using seven out of ten steps, starting from the preliminary study and development planning guidelines to the revision of product trial results. The assessment of the material, media, and potential users will be analyzed with the type of data used, namely quantitative data and descriptive qualitative data. The assessment index for the test of experts and potential users shows very high criteria and meets the criteria very useful, very precise, very easy, and very attractive so that the product is suitable for use.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Panduan Teknik Sosiodrama untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa MTs Nurul Ulum Malang. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan model Research and Development (R dan D) yang dikembangkan oleh Borg dan Gall (1983) dengan menggunakan tujuh langkah dari sepuluh yaitu dimulai dari studi pendahuluan dan perencanaan pengembangan panduan sampai pada revisi hasil uji coba produk. Penilaian uji ahli materi, media, dan calon pengguna akan dianalisi dengan jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kuantitatif dan kualitatitf deskriptif. Indeks penilaian uji ahli dan calon pengguna menunjukkan kriteria sangat tinggi dan memenuhi kriteria sangat berguna, sangat tepat, sangat mudah, dan sangat menarik sehingga produk layak digunakan.
Pengaruh Metode Outdoor Learning terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Puisi Siswa di Kelas IV SDN Kalipang 3 Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Veronica Nadya Dita , Mudiono Alif , Murdiyah Sri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The results of the observation in 4th grade at SDN Kalipang 3 Kabupaten Blitar is known that the learning Indonesian language especially writing a poetry, the teacher used lecture method, discussion, and assignment. Some students become less competent in writing skills. Sometimes, the teacher does the Outdoor Learning method on the other material, but it is hard for the teacher to manage the students who busy playing and not pay attention while the teacher is explaining. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of Outdoor Learning method on writing poetry skill of 4th grade students in SDN Kalipang 3, Kabupaten Blitar. This research used nonequivalent control group research design by used experiment quasi research two groups, include experimental class and control class. Both classes have different results. The results of the data used N-gain score who said that the value of sig. (2-tailed) equal variances not assumed with the value 0.463 bigger than 0.05. It is concluded that there is not influence of Outdoor Learning method on writing poetry skills’ students in 4th grade in SDN Kalipang 3, Kabupaten Blitar.
Abstrak: Pada hasil observasi dikelas IV SDN Kalipang 3 Kabupaten Blitar diketahui bahwa pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya pada materi menulis puisi, guru menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi dan penugasan. Sehingga terdapat beberapa siswa menjadi kurang terampil dalam menulis puisi, Sesekali guru melakukan metode Outdoor Learning pada mata pelajaran lain, tetapi guru sulit untuk mengelola siswa yang sibuk bermain dan tidak memperhatikan ketika guru sedang menjelaskan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode outdoor learning terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi siswa dikelas IV SDN Kalipang 3 Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group dengan Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dua kelompok yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Karena terdapat perbedaan pada hasil kemampuan awal maka Hasil penelitian pengolahan data menggunakan N-gain score yang menyebutkan bahwa nilai sig. (2-tailed) equal variaces not assummed dengan nilai 0,463 lebih besar dari 0,05 hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh metode Outdoor Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi siswa dikelas IV SDN Kalipang 3 Kabupaten Blitar.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Kelas V dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw dan Numbered Head Together (NHT)
Authors: Paramytha Dita Shinta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Mathematical reasoning ability is an ability that needs to be trained. To improve it, an attractive learning model is needed and requires active students. The purpose of the study was to explain the differences in students' mathematical reasoning abilities using a quasi-experimental quantitative method. Data obtained from pre-test and post-test data. The results showed no difference in the mathematical reasoning ability of fifth grade students using the Jigsaw and NHT learning models as evidenced by 0.878 smaller than 2.002. Sig. Value (2-tailed) bigger than 0.05 which is 0.384 bigger than 0.05.
Abstrak: Kemampuan penalaran matematis merupakan kemampuan yang perlu dilatih. Untuk meningkatkannya, perlu model pembelajaran yang menarik dan menuntut siswa aktif. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan perbedaan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa menggunakan metode kuantitatif kuasi eksperimen. Data diperoleh dari data pre-test dan post-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas V dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Jigsaw dan NHT dibuktikan dengan 0,878 kurang dari 2,002. Nilai Sig. (2-tailed) lebih dari 0,05 yaitu 0,384 lebih dari 0,05.