bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience nature as a basis for building strong composite structures
Authors: Polilov Alexander N. , Tatus’ Nikolay A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted an analytical overview of the methods of applying the Nature solutions for designing structures made of plastics reinforced with fibers, in particular, using rational curved fiber trajectories. The first section provides an overview of different structural models and some approaches to the micromechanics of composites.
Materials and methods. Sections 2-7 discuss: analysis of rational elastic-strength properties of wood and composites for crack arrest by weak interface; methods for constructing curved paths of fibers of “flowing holes”; analyzes the applied and promising technologies for manufacturing attachment points, in which holes are formed using curvilinear fiber paths; “nature-inspired” principles of optimal design of pipe composite structures similar in structure to ladder of bamboo stalk; examples of the effective use of fibrous composites in elastic elements such as leaf springs; developing additive technologies for 3D printing of fiber composite parts with fiber laying along calculated trajectories.
Results. Each section of the article presents conclusions related to the peculiarities of composites structures calculation and design: calculations show that in order to increase the crack resistance of fibrous composites, it is necessary to significantly increase the shear characteristics of the binder and strive for rational properties created by Nature in wood; as a result of the calculation, it turns out that the maximum stress per fiber at the optimal reinforcement structure becomes about 3–4 times less than with a uniform rectilinear laying; rational reinforcement leads to a significant reduction in local stresses per fiber, elimination of splits and damages of fibers and an increase in the carrying capacity of the assembly; it has been shown that the bamboo rings are arranged to prevent the barrel from splitting from bending compressive stresses and tangential stresses when the barrel is twisted by wind load; analyzed the relationship of equal-strength profiling with Leonardo’s rule for tree crown branching. The works on creation of bio-similar shape and structure of curvilinear reinforcement of specimens for correct determination of unidirectional composites strength at tension along fibres were discussed; analyzed the role of composite technologies in modern mechanical engineering, in particular, in the creation of composite structures in open space.
Conclusions. The article is devoted to the analysis of the tasks of fibrous composites macromechanics, therefore, in the opinion of the authors, the three most promising and related areas in macromechanics of composites that require further research are biomechanics of strength, computer modeling of optimal structures and technological mechanics of composites.
Koronapandemian ja sen rajoittamistoimien vaikutukset toimintarajoitteisten ihmisten elämään
Authors: Sainio Päivi , Holm Marja , Ikonen Jonna , Korhonen Marika , Nurmi-Koikkalainen Päivi , Parikka Suvi , Skogberg Natalia , Väre Anna , Koponen Päivikki , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: October 2021

Systemaattisesti kerättyä tietoa siitä, miten epidemian torjunta- ja rajoitustoimet vaikuttavat toimintarajoitteisten ihmisten elämään on saatavilla niukasti. Tässä tutkimuksessa kuvaamme näitä vaikutuksia toimintarajoitteisiin ihmisiin koko väestössä, ulkomaalaistaustaisessa väestössä sekä henkilökohtaista apua saavien vammaisten ihmisten ryhmässä.
Tutkimus perustuu kolmeen tuoreeseen Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen keräämään väestöä edustavaan aineistoon: FinSote 2020 -tutkimukseen, FinTerveys 2017-seurantatutkimukseen sekä ulkomaalaistaustaisen väestön osalta MigCOVID-tutkimukseen. Lisäksi käytettiin henkilökohtaista apua saavien vaikeavammaisten ihmisten tutkimusta. Tutkittavat vastasivat koronapandemian vaikutuksia koskeviin kyselyihin vuoden 2020 viimeisinä tai vuoden 2021 ensimmäisinä kuukausina. Analyyseissä verrattiin toimintarajoitteisten ihmisten tilannetta muuhun väestöön. Tulokset esitetään ikäryhmittäin mallivakioituina prevalensseina perustuen logistisiin regressioanalyyseihin.
Toimintarajoitteiset ihmiset kokivat muuta väestöä yleisemmin yksinäisyyden ja univaikeuksien lisääntyneen koronaepidemian aikana. He myös raportoivat taloudellisen tilanteensa heikentyneen useammin kuin muut. Huolet tartunnan saamisesta sekä sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden riittämätön saanti olivat yleisempiä toimintarajoitteisilla kuin muilla. Monet epidemian epäsuotuisista vaikutuksista korostuivat ulkomailla syntyneillä toimintarajoitteisilla ja vaikeavammaisilla ihmisillä.
Koronaepidemia uhkaa lisätä toimintarajoitteisten ihmisten eriarvoisuutta. Epidemia on osoittanut, että toimintarajoitteisten ihmisten oikeudet ja tarpeet on otettava paremmin huomioon vastaavanlaisissa kriisitilanteissa. Luotettavaan tietoon perustuvat toimintaohjeet auttaisivat kuntia yhdenvertaisuuden edistämisessä.
Vauvaperheiden vanhempien kokemat huolet ja muutokset sosiaalisissa suhteissa ja jaksamisessa koronaepidemian aikana
Authors: Klemetti Reija , Vuorenmaa Maaret , Ervasti Eetu , Helakorpi Satu , Lammi-Taskula Johanna 
Published: October 2021

Koronaepidemia on muuttanut perheiden arkea. Epidemian alussa ei ollut tietoa viruksen tarttuvuudesta raskaana olevaan tai sen vaarallisuudesta raskaana olevalle, sikiölle ja vastasyntyneelle. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää koronaepidemiaan liittyviä huolia ja vanhempien sosiaalisissa suhteissa ja jaksamissa koettuja muutoksia.
Aineistona oli 3–6 kuukauden ikäisten vauvojen vanhemmille suunnatun FinLapset-kyselytutkimuksen syksyn 2020 otoksiin vastanneet (äidit, N= 4550; isät, N= 2955). Tuloksia tarkasteltiin vanhemman sukupuolen, koulutuksen ja iän, perheen lapsiluvun ja taloudellisen tilanteen mukaan. Logistisessa regressioanalyysissa yhden lapsen vanhempia verrattiin useamman lapsen vanhempiin vakioiden vanhemman ikä, koulutus ja perheen taloudellinen tilanne.
Äitien vastausaktiivisuus oli 50 % ja isien 36 %. Useampi äideistä, erityisesti yhden lapsen äideistä, kuin isistä kertoi koronaepidemiaan liittyvistä huolista. Yleisimmät huolet olivat synnytys ja synnytyssairaalassa olo korona-aikana. Iso osa vanhemmista ei kokenut koronaepidemian vaikuttaneen sosiaalisiin suhteisiin tai jaksamiseen. Äideillä jaksaminen polarisoitui: osa koki jaksamisen vähentyneen (25 %) ja osa lisääntyneen (16 %). Lähes puolet vanhemmista koki perheen yhteisen ajan lisääntyneen ja 13 % äideistä ja 5 % isistä vähentyneen. Vanhemmista huomattavasti useampi koki yhteydenpidon ystäviin ja isovanhempiin vähentyneen kuin lisääntyneen. Yksinäisyyden tunteen koki lisääntyneen selvästi useampi äiti (48 %) kuin isä (21 %). Jaksamisen polarisoitumisesta ja sosiaalisten suhteiden vähentymisestä raportoi isompi osa useamman kuin yhden lapsen vanhemmista ja perheen yhteisen ajan vähentymisestä isompi osa yhden kuin useamman lapsen vanhemmista.
Koronaepidemialla on kielteisiksi ja myönteisiksi koettuja vaikutuksia vauvaperheiden hyvinvointiin. Sekä isien että äitien jaksamiseen ja heille tarjottuun tukeen ja palveluihin tulee kiinnittää huomiota ja seurata pikkulapsiperheiden terveyttä ja hyvinvointia myös tulevaisuudessa.
The concept and content of the constitutional principle of justice
Authors: Shelever Nataliya 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the concept and content of the constitutional principle of justice, its impact on constitutional relations, identifying problems that arose during the implementation of this principle during quarantine restrictions due to the pandemic of COVID-19.
This goal was achieved through the use of such methods as analysis of comparative law and formal law method.
The study found that the principle of justice, although not enshrined in the Basic Law of Ukraine, but it goes through the Constitution of Ukraine and procedural codes. The problematic issue is that there is no legislative definition of «justice». The practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the application of the principle of justice in its decisions is analyzed. It is substantiated that justice is a concept much broader than law and is a criterion for the legitimation of state power.
The problems of realization of the constitutional principle of justice are investigated. It was found that the principles of law, which are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine and current legislation of Ukraine, are not properly implemented in our country. The reason for this is the mentality of Ukrainians, which is characterized by low legal and political culture, violation of the law, distrust to the authorities, devaluation of moral and spiritual values. On the part of officials, it is a misuse of office positions.
It is justified that justice requires equal application of the law for all. However, everyone has his/her own understanding and vision of justice. This led to problems during the coronavirus pandemic. Violations such as the violation of the constitutional right to education have been identified, namely distance learning leads to a violation of the principles of justice and equality. Restrictions on small and medium-sized businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic discriminated against entrepreneurs compared to large businesses.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that justice is a legal value and a fundamental principle of law, which permeates both the Constitution of Ukraine and current legislation. The realization of justice can be done only by observing the law. In Ukraine, it is quite difficult to implement this principle, because the laws are often unfair. During the quarantine restrictions, violations of constitutional human rights were revealed. Overcoming corruption and raising the legal culture and legal awareness of Ukrainians should be a necessary step for the effective implementation of the principle of justice.
Constitutional court procedure and constitutional control in the field of lustration
Authors: Shcherbanyuk Oksana 
Published: October 2021

The article considers the constitutional court procedure and constitutional control in the field of lustration. These issues are considered through the prism of the rule of law, its understanding by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in its practice. It is emphasized that the application of the principle of publicity and the requirements of increased publicity is due to the importance of cases heard by constitutional courts, as well as the results of judicial activity. Along with this, the issue of long-term consideration by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of the law determining lustration is analyzed in detail. The study is updated by the fact that the European Court of Human Rights on the complaints of citizens of Ukraine found a violation of the right of the lustrated to a fair trial due to excessive time of national trials for their release. It is concluded that the Law on Lustration should serve its most important function in establishing the rule of law in the country.
In legal science there is a situation when the views of scholars on the essence of judicial procedure are contradictory, which gives rise to different understandings of this legal phenomenon by representatives of different scientific schools. For a long time, the problem of judicial procedure was inextricably linked with the consideration of the category of the process, the essential idea of which significantly influenced the understanding of the limits of the procedure in law.
The constitutional Court as the only organ of the constitutional-judicial control may be seen as a special (organized on a state basis), the carrier of the intellectual potential of theories of constitutional law.
La inserción de la Metodología de Investigación en la carrera de abogacía y su relación con el perfil de las/os egresadas/os. Un análisis comparado
Authors: Delas Samanta , Manelli Matías 
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo realiza un abordaje exploratorio de los alcances de los planes de estudio correspondientes a la carrera de abogacía, en lo que respecta a la inserción curricular de contenidos vinculados con la investigación en la formación de profesionales jurídicos. A tal efecto, se tomaron tres casos de análisis: I) la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en adelante UBA (II) la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, en adelante UNLP y (III) la Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, en adelante UNDAV. El análisis curricular comparativo permite identificar propuestas institucionales con improntas específicas, que dan cuenta de un escenario heterogéneo con independencia de la progresiva incorporación de contenidos vinculados a la investigación, la cual se evidencia - en términos generales- en la formación jurídica.
Dispensing with Truthfulness: truth and liberty in Rorty’s thought
Authors: Colen J. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rorty saw the course of philosophy in the twentieth century as an effort to part from two major philosophical trends, namely historicism and naturalism, only to inevitably return at the end of a tortuous path to these very same tendencies. If we can concede without major objections (although perhaps with many objections of detail) Rorty’s diagnosis of the trends in contemporary continental and analytical philosophy, which seem to reveal the exhaustion of modern philosophy, based as it has been on epistemology, we must, on the other hand, examine carefully the three main questions that this diagnosis leaves open: (1) How does Rorty reconcile continental idealist subjectivism with materialistic behaviorism? (2) Is it really inevitable that philosophy (and philosophers) blinded by Geist are unable to question prevalent beliefs? (3) Finally, is the acceptance of a liberalism that is not able to give reasons for itself the most effective and pragmatic liberalism? In answering these questions, it may not be possible to avoid a non-dogmatic, but pragmatic, metaphysics: a vocabulary of vocabularies that allows Rorty (and us) to speak of the problems of justice in Plato and Rawls, of the soul in Aristotle and Descartes, of the dystopias in Moro and Orwell. On pragmatic terms, perhaps a modest version of a metaphysic’s “vocabulary” turns out to be as legitimate and practical as any other vocabulary.
Market Access, Growth, and Poverty Reduction in a Kaldorian framework
Authors: Karshenas Massoud , Van der Geest Willem 
Published: October 2021

The role of access to markets in industrialized countries for economic development and poverty reduction in low-income countries is investigated. The conditions under which economic growth and exports have a statistically robust effect on poverty reduction are demonstrated for a large number of low-income
countries that suffer from mass poverty. Export growth is particularly important in providing both the initial stimulus for economic growth as well as the conditions for its long-term sustainability. Using cross-country time-series data for a sample of 89 countries for which long-term poverty incidence trends could be matched to growth and export performances, it is argued that countries with a high incidence of poverty have no option except a growth-cum-export strategy to reduce poverty. Redistributive policies to reduce poverty further are mainly a distinct option for countries that have already achieved a moderate level of poverty as well as higher per capita incomes. As Kaldor had emphasized as early as 1964, the lack of market access in industrial countries is an important contributing factor in hindering economic development and poverty reduction. Following Kaldor’s insights, this paper demonstrates that restricting market access prevents a large number of countries at the lowest ranks of the poverty ladder to escape extreme poverty.
Inequality Overhang: A Heterogeneous Approach
Authors: Grigoli Francesco , Robles Adrian 
Published: October 2021

The linearity of the relationship between income inequality and economic
development has been long questioned. While theory provides arguments
for which the shape of the relationship may be positive for low levels of
inequality and negative for high ones, most of the empirical literature assumes
a linear specification finding conflicting results. Employing an innovative
empirical approach, robust to endogeneity, we find pervasive evidence of
nonlinearities. In particular, similar to the debt-overhang literature, we
identify an inequality-overhang level, in that the slope of the relationship
between income inequality and economic development switches from positive
to negative at a net Gini coefficient of about 27 per cent. We also find that
in an environment characterized by widespread financial inclusion and high
income concentration, rising income inequality has a larger negative impact
on economic development because banks may curtail credit to customers at
the lower end of the income distribution. On the positive side, a sufficiently
high female labor participation can act as a shock absorber reducing such a
negative impact, possibly through a more efficient allocation of resources.
Vivência de puérperas acerca do aleitamento materno
Authors: Leão Rhany Érica Lobato , Souza Ana Cláudia Pinheiro , Couto Mariana de Lima , Vetorazo Jabneela Vieira Pereira 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Verificar a vivência de puérperas acerca do aleitamento materno em uma Maternidade de uma cidade de Rondônia Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quali-quantitativo, conduzido com cinquenta puérperas, com idade de 18 a 38 anos, selecionadas durante a internação no alojamento conjunto em uma Maternidade de uma cidade de Rondônia. Um formulário sobre o aleitamento materno foi utilizado como instrumento. Resultados: Os resultados revelam que cerca de 34% das entrevistadas não amamentaram anteriormente, 52% das participantes negaram ter recebido orientações sobre o aleitamento materno durante a gestação, 74% referiram que o tempo de amamentação entre o nascimento e a primeira mamada do recém‑nascido foi até a primeira hora de vida, 24% relataram ter dificuldade para amamentar, 60% receberam ajuda no Centro de Saúde quando tiveram problema. Conclusão: Neste estudo foi possível observar que a maioria das participantes realizou pré-natal, mas isso não assegurou o recebimento de informações e orientações acerca do aleitamento materno, pois a maioria das entrevistadas relatou não ter recebido as mesmas durantes as consultas.
Extracción de calcio en solución a partir de cáscara de huevo
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Diana Laura , Henkel García Jorge Luis , Legorreta García Felipe , Barrientos Hernández Francisco Raúl , Urbano Reyes Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

Cáscaras de huevo de gallina, fueron procesadas mediante trituración, y posteriormente se estudia la temperatura más adecuada de calcinación. Se efectuó un estudio del efecto de la disolución de la cáscara de huevo calcinada, evaluando el ácido hidroclorhídrico (HCl) y el ácido acético (C2H4O2). Se analizó el efecto de la concentración del ácido, de la temperatura y de la agitación. Los estudios cristalográficos ponen en evidencia que después de la calcinación, se obtuvo CaCO3 como fase mayoritaria. Se encontró que el ácido acético a una concentración de 0.8 M, disuelve con más efectividad la cáscara de huevo calcinada en comparación con el ácido clorhídrico 4M. Así mismo, se estableció que a una temperatura de 50 °C con ácido acético y con agitación se obtuvo un porcentaje de disolución del 93.58 % en masa. Finalmente, la solución conteniendo las especies de Ca, se secó, posteriormente se calcinó a 850°C, y se realizó un análisis cristalográfico encontrándose únicamente la fase del óxido de calcio, confirmando así la presencia del ion calcio en la solución, conteniendo 0.4g de calcio por cada gramo de ceniza calcinada.
¿Existe una estrategia y evaluación adecuada para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Katakana del idioma japonés con estudiantes mexicanos?
Authors: Kishi Daisuke 
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal encontrar en estudiantes mexicanos del japonés una estrategia didáctica a través de algunos de los errores más comunes en el aprendizaje de katakana.
Según el resultado obtenido, en principio fueron similares los errores en katakana a los que habían tenido en hiragana. Sin embargo, los errores que se registraron más frecuentemente en nuestros alumnos del japonés son de carácter fonético y fonemático. Es muy probable que, en la mayoría de los casos, la escasez de esos fonemas o sonidos en el español mexicano impida que los alumnos mexicanos sufran de la confusión tanto en la comprensión como en la escritura.
ANALISA KECUKUPAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU BERDASARKAN PENYERAPAN KONSENTRASI KARBONDIOKSIDA (O2) DAN PEMENUHAN OKSIGEN (O2) DI KAMPUS UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
Authors: Munfarida Ida , Nurmaningsih Dyah Ratri 
Published: October 2021

Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya sebagai salah satu universitas terkemuka di Kota Surabaya ikut mendukung program eco city yang diselenggarakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dengan menerapkan program eco campus. Kampus Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya seiring berjalannya waktu terus berbenah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dengan pengembangan dan pembangunan fisik gedung. Pengambangan dan pembangunan tanpa mempertimbangkan kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau akan mengakibatkan suasana kampus tidak nyaman sebagai tempat dilakukannya aktivitas belajar mengajar. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis data dengan perhitungan korelasi ruang terbuka hijau dengan konsentrasi karbon dioksida (CO2) dan oksigen (O2) yang terkandung dalam udara di lingkungan kampus Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Hasil analisa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Koefisien Dasar Bangunan (KDB) kampus Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel eksisting adalah 38,02%; dan Koefisien Dasar Hijau (KDH) eksisting adalah 1,69%. Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) yang dibutuhkan saat ini berdasarkan kondisi eksisting sebesar 17.387.408, 01 m2, sementara berdasarkan proyeksi Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) hingga tahun 2028, luas ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) yang dibutuhkan sebesar 54,813,305.08 m2. Rekomendasi yang sarankan adalah dengan menyediakan ruang terbuka hijau sesuai hasil analisis penelitian. Serta melaksanakan penghijauan di area gedung seperti rooftop dan vertical garden untuk mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida.