bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welding Thermal Cycles of Joints Made of S1100QL Steel by Saw and Hybrid Plasma-Mag Processes
Authors: Sajek A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to validate the method of conducting a multipoint temperature measurement in the area of welded joints as a tool for quality assessment of the joints in question. In order to establish a relationship between temperature readout at a given point, the value of heat input and the distance of the point form the weld axis, preliminary tests have been conducted on a set of padding welds. Correlation of measurement data analysis showed the high 0.99 level. In the second stage of the study, temperatures of joints welded with two different methods have been measured: the HPAW (Hybrid Plasma – Arc Welding) and classic SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) method. The obtained temperature curves reflect the intensity of heat input in a given welding process. When compared to thermal effects on metallographic specimens, the shapes of the curves show a potential for quality assessment of joints in production conditions. Estimating thermal effects with classic analytical methods proves imprecise with respect to advanced high-power welding processes. Monitoring temperature will allow to assess the quality of joints in the course of welding, which may be a remarkable factor in terms of limiting the HAZ (heat affected zone) tempering of joints made from MART steels (advanced high strength martensitic steel) – a phenomenon that exceedingly decreases the strength of the joints. The method for quality assessment of welded joints presented in this paper allows to extend the analysis of welding thermal conditions.
Ag Coated Pa-Based Electro-Conductive Knitted Fabrics for Heat Generation in Compression Supports
Authors: Repon Md. Reazuddin , Mikučionienė Daiva , Baltina Ilze , Blūms Juris , Laureckiene Ginta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work deals with the electrically conductive textiles for heat generation in orthopedic compression supports. This study aimed to develop compression knitted structures with integrated electro-conductive yarns and investigate their heat generation characteristics and temperature changes during the time and under stretch which is required to generate compression. Combined half-Milano rib structured knitted fabrics were made by using silver (Ag) coated PA yarn of linear density of 66 tex and 235 tex, respectively. Six variants of specimens were developed by using different amount of electro-conductive yarns in a pattern repeat. It was found that stretch negatively influences temperature values as well as time in which the required temperature is reached. Therefore, the final wearing conditions have to be summed up during the designing of compression orthopedic heated supports.
Measuring change in longitudinal research on pragmatic competence: A multinomial logistic model
Authors: Szczepaniak-Kozak Anna , Bakinowska Ewa , Strani Katerina 
Published: January 2021

Summary
This paper focuses on pragmatic competence development in second or foreign language learners. In particular, it attempts to fill the significant research gap in measuring change in pragmatic competence and capturing pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic development over time. The paper proposes an innovative approach by applying a logistic model with multinomial distribution for measuring change in InterLanguage Pragmatics Research (ILP). Applied in the field of pragmatics, this statistical tool offers a comprehensive and flexible approach to modelling relations between independent and dependent variables in ILP research. The model is tested in a longitudinal study of Polish undergraduate students learning English, and specifically in the way they formulate requests by means of requestive directness strategies. The paper concludes that, regardless of time elapsing, the factors P (power distance) and D (social distance) have a highly significant influence on the use of requestive directness strategies by Poles learning EFL. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the pragmatic output of Poles learning EFL is dependent on one more independent variable: the estimation of future social distance (F).
Assessment of the impact of NP fertilizer application depth on the rate of initial dry matter accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ambroży-Deręgowska Katarzyna , Szulc Piotr , Mejza Iwona 
Published: January 2021

Summary
A field study was conducted at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences to determine the effect of the depth of NP fertilizer application in maize cultivation on the dynamics of initial maize growth, expressed in dry matter of a single plant at two juvenile maize stages. The adopted assumptions were verified on the basis of a four-year field experiment using four depths of NP fertilizer application, two nitrogen fertilizers and two nitrogen dose application dates. Thermal conditions in the early maize growing season had a significant effect on maize response to the depth of application of a phosphorus starting dose. Row fertilization (regardless of the depth of fertilizer application) was more effective than broadcast fertilization at both studied developmental stages.
Economic Integration and Migrant Networks: The Case of Ukrainian Migrants in the Warsaw Agglomeration
Authors: Maruszewski Wojciech , Kaczmarczyk Paweł 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the past years, Poland has been not only a country of (mass) immigration but also a country where foreigners have begun to play a much larger role in the domestic labour market than ever before. This makes the analyses of foreigners’ integration increasingly important both to understand the situation of immigrants in Poland and their impact on the national economy and social processes. In this context, this article aims to quantify one of the dimensions of the economic integration of immigrants. We look at the level of earnings as one of the indicators of their integration process. Additionally, we refer to the impact of social capital (in the form of migrant networks) on the economic situation of immigrants. We focus on immigrants from Ukraine—the most numerous group of foreigners in Poland. Based on a unique data set, we empirically identify the key dimensions that have an impact on their incomes, including gender, employment sector and legal status. We also point to the statistically significant effects of migrant networks on migrants’ earnings.
Long-Term Impact of Closing Rural Schools on Local Social Capital: A Multiple-Case Study from Poland
Authors: Kłoczko-Gajewska Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In many European countries, for both demographic and financial reasons, small schools are being closed. A rural school is one of the few public places which enables formal and informal meetings of community residents. When it is closed, social activity changes. This paper presents a multiple-case study of four Polish villages which in the year 2000 organized protests against school closures; two schools were saved and two were closed. Semi-structured interviews with local leaders and office workers were conducted in 2004 and 2016. The study shows that the decline of structural social capital was significantly smaller in those villages where the school was saved. In the village in which the building of the school did not serve the local population due to the decision of the authorities, a significant and long-term decline in both structural and cognitive social capital was observed. That means that local authorities may contribute to the degradation of the local social capital.
Loss of Agroforestry: Symbolic Annihilation of Mixed Cultures in 19th Century Agricultural Science
Authors: Krčmářová Jana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There is a lot of promise seen in agroforestry—the deliberate keeping of trees on farmland in various forms and contexts. The Czechia, like many other European countries, experiences farmland soil degradation and erosion, climate and water regime changes, and biodiversity loss. Industrial agriculture with high inputs brings not only high yields but also numerous negative externalities. Mixed cultures on Czech lands were common just 150 years ago. However, they were left out of the new cadastral classification in the 19th century and, as this article shows, did not appear in modern agricultural (and forestry) scientific theory- represented by contemporary scholar book selection in this article. The symbolic annihilation of agroforestry cultures in the official agrarian discourse of the 19th century probably contributed to their disappearance from both land-use theory and practice.
Stakeholders and Performance Management Systems of Small and Medium-Sized Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Korneta Piotr 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Performance management systems can be divided into those that rely considerably on significant stakeholders and that ignore stakeholders, other than the stockholders and the clients. Decision makers willing to implement and use a performance management system must decide to what extent such system should rely on various stakeholders. In this study, 10 in-depth interviews with representatives possessing significant experience with small and medium-sized outpatient clinics have been employed. The objective of this paper is to study if an efficient performance management system for small and medium-sized outpatient clinics can ignore stakeholders. The results of this study postulate performance management systems, which are not sufficiently rooted in stakeholders, are not likely to be successful for small and medium-sized outpatient clinics. Developed in this article concept acknowledges wider society and indicates significant stakeholders who cannot be ignored. The paper ends with conclusion, limitations, indications for further research, and some managerial implications.
Non-pharmaceutical intervention and pain management situation for neonatal analgesia
Authors: Zeng Zi , Duan Yan-Xia , Song Guo-Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Neonatal pain management is an important issue which should have great attention. More and more researches have proved that neonates can feel pain when undergoes painful procedures such as vaccination, heel stick, and so on, and it will result in short-term and long-term outcomes. So it is very important to manage neonatal pain. This article summarized some non-pharmaceutical interventions, including sucrose or glucose, non-nutritional sucking (NNS), breastfeeding, facilitated tucking (FT), kangaroo mother care (KMC), swaddling, heel warming, sensorial saturation (SS), and music therapy, which showed obvious effects for neonatal pain. In addition, this article summarized the progress of neonatal pain intervention in various countries and showed that many countries have not paid enough attention to this problem, while some countries have carried out promotion programs for neonatal pain management which give some clinical enlightenment to our country that we need to pay more attention to this problem.
The Perfect Pair: Bloch, Febvre, and the History of Science and Technology
Authors: Diogo Maria Paula 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Launched in 1929 by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, the Annales gave rise to a groundbreaking approach to history known as the École des Annales. Based on the study of social history over a long-term period or longue durée, the new paradigm emphasized the collective nature of the mentalités and the importance of a multilayered analysis of society. The Annales reclaim the history of science and the history of technology as part of history as a whole and inextricably linked to the intellectual context of a specific time period. In this article, based on the Annales and UNESCO’s History of Mankind, I will focus on Bloch’s and Febvre’s stands on history and their relevance to the history of science and technology, particularly by championing the relevance of material and mental tools to understand each historical moment and by critically exploring the concepts of mentalités, histoire-problème, histoire totale and historical temporality.
On Hagelbarger’s and Shannon’s matching pennies playing machines
Authors: Breazu Macarie , Volovici Daniel , Morariu Daniel I. , Crețulescu Radu G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the 1950s, Hagelbarger’s Sequence Extrapolating Robot (SEER) and Shannon’s Mind-Reading Machine (MRM) were the state-of-the-art research results in playing the well-known “matching pennies” game. In our research we perform a software implementation for both machines in order to test the common statement that MRM, even simpler, beats SEER. Also, we propose a simple contextual predictor (SCP) and use it to compete with SEER and MRM. As expected, experimental results proves the claimed MRM superiority over SEER and even the SCP’s superiority over both SEER and MRM. At the end, we draw some conclusions and propose further research ideas, like the use of mixing models methods and the use of Hidden Markov Model for modelling player’s behaviour.
Studying big data using virtual escape rooms
Authors: Lior Solomovich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Corona period created great challenges in the teaching and learning process. This presentation describes a research based on studying the subject of big data using virtual escape rooms. Due to the period it was decided that the final task in the Big Data course would be to build a virtual escape room that deals with a topic from the world of Big Data. The aim of the study was to examine how the understanding of various topics related to Big Data is sharpened when they are taught through virtual escape rooms. Each group of students chose a topic from the world of big data and built a virtual escape room around it. Peer learning was then performed, and each group edited rooms of other groups, so that each group learned about a variety of topics related to the big data world. By monitoring peer learning it was possible to assess the nature of the learning process experienced by the group. This unique learning allows for flexibility in terms of time and place in holding meetings. The interactions between the various group members contribute to enrichment the knowledge and the development of creative ideas.
According to the results of the study, this type of learning sharpened different skills among the participants - social, communicative and thinking. It also developed a deep understanding when the escape room practically demonstrates the topic of big data in an optimal way through a variety of representations. During the activity in the escape room there is created an interesting and original connection between the materials and the ideas, open to a variety of interpretations. Digital tools are used effectively and creatively that contribute to understanding the message (Kemp, 2018).
Study of the influence of the exhaust line ultrasounds over the performance of the Blind Spot Warning System
Authors: Meiroşu Cătălin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the previous years, the vehicle manufacturers have tried to equip their vehicles with as much technology as possible, making the driving experience for people easier than ever. Most of the modern vehicles come today with ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) either for driving (E.g. Cruise Control, Blind Spot Warning) or Parking (E.g. Rear Ultrasonic Sensors, Rear View Camera). Since the vehicle come equipped with more technology, a major task in developing vehicle remains the integration of these ADAS system in the vehicle context with the other components. Since most of the components cope with each other on the vehicle level, some technologies are more affected by other components – such as the case of an ultrasound vehicle scanning system (Blind Spot Warning) and the Exhaust line that emits ultrasounds from the exhaust muffler. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the exhaust line ultrasounds (ultrasounds that are emitted by the engine cycle and filtered in the exhaust line of the vehicle) over the detection performance of the Blind Spot Warning Ultrasound system. Since vehicles are sold with a wide variety of powertrains, the solution presented took into account also these differences between powertrains equipped. In order to test the solution, mock-ups of the vehicle were made in order to proof the robustness of the method.
Metaphysics of linguistic signs
Authors: Zouhar Marián 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to elaborate on the metaphysical distinction between ideal signs and physical signs in terms of the method of abstraction. Ideal signs are derived from physical signs by eliminating certain kinds of properties as theoretically superfluous. Ideal signs are claimed to be instructions that prescribe how physical signs are to be produced in their graphic form, acoustic form or any other suitable form. It is examined which level of abstraction is permitted in the case of ideal signs, i.e., which properties can be eliminated while admitting that the resulting abstract object can be still considered a sign. It is argued that one cannot eliminate the properties that are connected with the syntactic and semantic aspects of signs.
Methodological impulses of Ján Horecký
Authors: Dolník Juraj 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The author of the study develops the ideas of J. Horecký, which relate to the language sign, the language system, language consciousness and its cultivation. Interpretations of J. Horecký’s statements on the systemic and communicative language sign lead to the conclusion that there is really only a communication sign as an ambivalent significant for users of the language who control the rules of its use. Significant are articulation‐acoustic units, which we feel as fictitious equivalents of what we experience when we are in the intentional state. J. Horecký’s reflections on the language system led the author to confront the user of the language as an actor of language practice with the user realizing himself as a reflexive linguistic being. In this confrontation, the language system came into focus in a practical and reflexive modality. On the background of these modalities of the language system, the author approaches linguistic consciousness in the interpretation of J. Horecký, in order to shed light on it in terms of two questions: (1) What is the degree of linguistic awareness of the mother tongue? (2) What is the “true” cultivation of language consciousness? These questions led the author to confront the linguistic realist with the anti‐realist and to discover a situation in which the linguist believes in realism but holds the position of anti‐realist. The author leans towards the realists and emphasizes the thesis that the representation of the language system is true when it corresponds to the language system resulting from the nature of language.
Responding to Violence: The Haskamot of Barcelona and the Jewish Political Tradition
Authors: Macías Mario 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the Haskamot of Barcelona of 1354 in their political and legal context. These agreements were a response to the difficult situation faced by the Jews of the Crown of Aragon in the 14th c., when natural and human disasters threatened the survival of their communities. The target of this project was to assemble all the aljamas of the Crown in a supra-communal assembly of representatives. The drafters also wished to achieve a number a measures from the King and the Church improving the delicate situation of Catalan-Aragonese Jewry. These Haskamot, despite not succeeding in their objectives, are a perfect starting point for any research on the legal and jurisdictional relations between Christians and Jews.
Optimal management of cirrhotic ascites: A review for internal medicine physicians
Authors: Gallo Andrea , Dedionigi Cristina , Civitelli Chiara , Panzeri Anna , Corradi Chiara , Squizzato Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Clinical history of liver cirrhosis is characterised by two phases: the asymptomatic phase, also termed ‘compensated cirrhosis’, and the phase of complications due to the development of portal hypertension and liver dysfunction, also termed ‘decompensated cirrhosis’, in which patients may develop ascites, the most frequent and clinically relevant complication of liver cirrhosis. Ascites can be classified into uncomplicated and complicated according to the development of refractoriness, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) or the association with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). In this narrative review, we will extensively discuss the optimal pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of cirrhotic ascites with the aim to offer an updated practical guide to Internal Medicine physicians. According to the amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity, uncomplicated ascites is graded from 1 to 3, and the cornerstone of its management consists of restriction of salt intake, diuretics and large-volume paracentesis (LVP); in recent years, long-term administration of human albumin has acquired a new interesting role. Refractory ascites is primarily managed with LVP and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement in selected patients. The occurrence of renal impairment, especially HRS, worsens the prognosis of patients with cirrhotic ascites and deserves a specific treatment. Also, the management of SBP faces the rising and alarming spread of antibiotic resistance. Hepatic hydrothorax may even complicate the course of the disease and its management is a challenge. Last but not least, liver transplantation (LT) is the ultimate and more effective measure to offer to patients with cirrhotic ascites, particularly when complications occur.
Shengxuening versus oral iron supplementation for the treatment of renal anemia: A systematic review
Authors: Zeng Qin , Wang Xin-Hui , Yang Li-Ping , Lang Rui , Liang Ying , Yu Ren-Huan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Shengxuening (SXN), as an effective supplement to heme-like iron, has been widely used in China to treat renal anemia. However, proof of its use for improving inflammation is scarce in the past decades. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SXN with inflammatory factors as primary endpoints. By searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), VIP Information/ China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WANFANG Database, we identified previous studies that met the inclusion criteria and included them in the systematic review. Analyses were performed using STATA. Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that, when compared with oral iron supplementation, SXN can reduce the level of inflammatory factors, including hs-CRP (WMD -1.93 mg/L; 95% CI -2.14 to -1.72), IL-6 (P< 0.05), and TNF-α (P< 0.05), and significantly enhance the level of Hb (WMD 13.40 g/L; 95% CI 12.95 to 13.84), TSAT (WMD 6.88%; 95% CI 6.50 to 7.26), and SF (WMD 38.46 μg/L; 95% CI 23.26 to 53.67). Moreover, SXN exhibits a superior security than oral iron supplementation with less gastrointestinal adverse reactions (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.32). In patients with renal anemia, SXN is more efective and safer than oral iron supplementation, especially in reducing the level of inflammation.