bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Electronic Interactions, Vertical Excitation Analysis, and the Photovoltaic Properties of 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3-di(furan-2-yl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione
Authors: Enudi Obieze Christian , Louis Hitler , Ogunwale Goodness J. , Kadiri Michael T. , Okibe Prince M. , Adejoro Isaiah A. , Gber Terkumbur E. , Pembere Anthony M.S. , Adewale Adedotun E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) are a promising new class of photovoltaic as they offer several advantageous features including large surface area to volume ratio, low cost, lightweight properties, and durability. The limitation of OPV that prevented their adoption for use in the past was their low power conversion efficiency (PCE) but that drawback has been solved by the development of the donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) system with high conversion efficiencies. Herein, 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3-di (furan-2-yl)-4H-thieno [3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (FTPF), a donor-acceptor-donor monomer was investigated for its optoelectronic, excited state, and photovoltaic properties using a density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) theoretical method. The spectral analysis (FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR), electronic molecular properties, natural bonding orbitals (MOs and NBOs) analyses, and excitation were studied at this level in gas, hexane, DMF, and THF. The UV-Vis spectrum showed that FTPF exhibited mono-absorption in non-polar gas and hexane, but dual absorptions in polar solvents (DMF and THF) having maximum wavelength (λmax) at 351, 359, 371 and 373 nm in gas, hexane, THF, and DMF respectively, showing a major red shift as solvent became polar. The hole-electron excitation studies of the first five singlet states: S0→S1/S2/S3/S4/S5 in gas and DMF phases showed that S0→S1 is a delocalized π→π* Rydberg excitations originating from the D-A-D C=C π bonds, S0→S2 is π→π* local excitation, while S0→S3 in water occurred as an n→π* from the carbonyl and azolide groups of the acceptor unit, but n→π* charge transfer (CT) in DMF. The S0→S5 in water and S0→S4 are n→π* LE type excitations, while S0→S5 in DMF conformed to a delocalized π→π* excitation extended over the D-A-D conjugated backbone. FTPF provided efficient electron injection in all studied solvent; showing that FTPF is a sure-bet for opto-electronic application.
Establishment and Verification On A Death Risk Model of Sepsis Patients Within 30 Days
Authors: Bin Wang , Jianping Chen , Jian Ouyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background/Objective:
To establish and validate an individualized nomogram to predict the probability of death within 30 days in patients with sepsis would help clinical physicians to make correct decision.
Methods
We collected data of 1,205 patients with sepsis. These included 16 indexes like age and blood, randomly assigned to the modeling and verification groups. In the modeling group, the independent risk factors related to death within 30 days were analyzed. Besides, a nomogram was established to draw the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the subjects. Subsequently, the discriminant ability of the model was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Then, a calibration chart and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were employed to evaluate the calibration degree of the model, and the Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) test was used to evaluate the clinical effect of the model.
Results
The different independent risk factors related to the death of sepsis patients within 30 days included pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro.bnp), albumin, lactic acid (lac), oxygenation index, mean arterial pressure (map), and hematocrit (hct). The AUC of the modeling and verification groups were 0.815 and 0.806, respectively. Moreover, the P-values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test in the two groups were 0.391 and 0.100, respectively, and the DCA curves of the two groups were both above the two extreme curves.
Conclusion
Our model presents good significance for predicting the death of sepsis patients within 30 days. Therefore, there is a need to implement this model in clinical practice, as prompt prediction could help tailor treatment regimens and enhance survival outcomes.
Homozygous SPAG6 Variants Can Induce Nonsyndromic Asthenoteratozoospermia With Severe MMAF
Authors: Xu Chuan , Tang Dongdong , Shao Zhongmei , Geng Hao , Gao Yang , Li Kuokuo , Tan Qing , Wang Guanxiong , Wang Chao , Lv Mingrong , He Xiaojin , Cao Yunxia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a subtype of severe asthenoteratozoospermia with poorly understood genetic etiology. SPAG6 is a core axonemal component that plays a critical role in the formation of cilia and sperm flagella. Previous studies have reported that mutations in SPAG6 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), but the association between SPAG6 gene variants and the MMAF phenotype has not yet been described.Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two unrelated Han Chinese men with MMAF. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the candidate variants. Routine semen analysis was carried out according to the WHO guidelines (5th Edition). Sperm morphology was assessed using modified Papanicolaou staining. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) was performed to observe the ultrastructural defects of the sperm flagella. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) of spermatozoa were performed to examine the expression of SPAG6 protein. Assisted fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was applied. Results: Two homozygous SPAG6 variants were identified by WES and Sanger validation in two patients with MMAF phenotype (F1 II-1: c.308C>A, p. A103D; F2 II-1: c. 585delA, p. K196Sfs*6). Semen analysis showed progressive rates of less than 1%, and most of the spermatozoa presented MMAF by Papanicolaou staining. TEM revealed that the overall axonemal ultrastructure was disrupted and primarily presented an abnormal “9+0” configuration. No other PCD-related symptoms were found on physical examination and medical consultations, as well as lung CT screening. The level of SPAG6 protein was significantly decreased in the spermatozoa, and IF analysis revealed that SPAG6 staining was extremely weak and discontinuous in the sperm flagella of the two patients. Notably, F1 II-1 and his wife conceived successfully after undergoing ICSI.Conclusions: Our research provides new evidence for a potential correlation between SPAG6 variants and the MMAF phenotype.
Fe5S2 identified as a host for sulfur in Earth’s core
Authors: Zurkowski Claire , Lavina Barbara , Case Abigail , Swadba Kellie , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Campbell Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Planetary habitability, as we experience on Earth, is linked to a functioning geodynamo which is in part driven by the crystallization of the liquid iron-nickel-alloy core as a planet cools over time. Cosmochemical considerations suggest that sulfur is a candidate light alloying element in rocky planetary cores of varying sizes and oxidation states; such that, iron sulfide phase relations at extreme conditions contribute to outer core thermochemical convection and inner core crystallization of a wide range of planetary bodies. Here we experimentally investigate the structural properties of the Fe-S system and report the discovery of the sulfide, Fe5S2, crystallizing in equilibrium with iron at Earth’s outer core pressures and high temperatures. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, Fe5S2 was determined to adopt the complex Ni5As2-type structure (P63cm, Z = 6). These results conclude that Fe5S2 is likely to crystallize at the interface of Earth’s core and mantle and will begin to crystallize during the freezing out of Earth and Venus’ core overtime. The increased metal-metal bonding measured in Fe5S2 compared to the other high P-T iron sulfides may contribute to signatures of higher conductivity from regions of Fe5S2 is crystallization. Fe5S2 could serve as a host for Ni and Si as has been observed in the related meteoritic phase, perryite, (Fe, Ni)8(P, Si)3, adding intricacies to elemental partitioning during inner core crystallization. The stability of Fe5S2 presented here is key to understanding the role of sulfur in the multicomponent crystallization sequences that drive the geodynamics and dictate the structures of Earth and rocky planetary cores.
How Does Green Credit Policy Affect Total Factor Productivity at the Corporate Level in China: The Mediating Role of Debt Financing and the Moderating Role of Financial Mismatch
Authors: Feng Yanchao , Shen Qiong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Taking the “Green Credit Guidelines” issued in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment and employing the A-share listed enterprises scanning from 2008 to 2020 as the research sample, this study has investigated the impact of green credit policy on total factor productivity at the corporate level in China, with the consideration of the mediating role of debt financing and the moderating role of financial mismatch. The findings are as follows: (1) green credit policy has effectively and directly promoted total factor productivity at the corporate level in China; (2) the mediating role of debt financing is merely supported for the full sample and the state-owned sample; (3) the moderating role of financial mismatch is merely established via codirectionally moderating the negative impact of green credit policy on debt financing for the full sample and the eastern sample; (4) the non-state-owned enterprises’ dilemma of difficult and expensive debt financing is proved. The conclusions and policy implementations are provided in the last section to highlight the practical and theoretical significance of this study.
Bacterial Nanocellulose based Wound Dressings: Current and Future
Prospects
Authors: Chopra Hitesh , Gandhi Shweta , Gautam Rupesh Kumar , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: October 2021

:
Although there are many treatment options available for wound and burns dressings, improvements
in technology are still required. Bacterial cellulose is a polymer derived from the microbiological world and has
shown some promising properties that recommend it as a wound healing therapeutic. Moreover, bacterial cellulose
can be nanosized to form Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC), enhancing its properties. Most importantly, in addition
to its inherent antibacterial properties, BNC can be used to deliver drugs. This article presents a birds-eye
view of the preparation method and applications of BNC-based wound dressings.
Internet Search Activity of Young People With Mood Disorders Who Are Hospitalized for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Qualitative Study of Google Search Activity
Authors: Moon Khatiya C , Van Meter Anna R , Kirschenbaum Michael A , Ali Asra , Kane John M , Birnbaum Michael L 
Published: October 2021

Background
Little is known about the internet search activity of people with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). This data source has the potential to inform both clinical and public health efforts, such as suicide risk assessment and prevention.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the internet search activity of suicidal young people to find evidence of suicidal ideation and behavioral health–related content.

Methods
Individuals aged between 15 and 30 years (N=43) with mood disorders who were hospitalized for STBs provided access to their internet search history. Searches that were conducted in the 3-month period prior to hospitalization were extracted and manually evaluated for search themes related to suicide and behavioral health.

Results
A majority (27/43, 63%) of participants conducted suicide-related searches. Participants searched for information that exactly matched their planned or chosen method of attempting suicide in 21% (9/43) of cases. Suicide-related search queries also included unusual suicide methods and references to suicide in popular culture. A majority of participants (33/43, 77%) had queries related to help-seeking themes, including how to find inpatient and outpatient behavioral health care. Queries related to mood and anxiety symptoms were found among 44% (19/43) of participants and included references to panic disorder, the inability to focus, feelings of loneliness, and despair. Queries related to substance use were found among 44% (19/43) of participants. Queries related to traumatic experiences were present among 33% (14/43) of participants. Few participants conducted searches for crisis hotlines (n=3).

Conclusions
Individuals search the internet for information related to suicide prior to hospitalization for STBs. The improved understanding of the search activity of suicidal people could inform outreach, assessment, and intervention strategies for people at risk. Access to search data may also benefit the ongoing care of suicidal patients.
How Food Marketing on Instagram Shapes Adolescents’ Food Preferences: Online Randomized Trial
Authors: Bragg Marie , Lutfeali Samina , Greene Tenay , Osterman Jessica , Dalton Madeline 
Published: October 2021

Background
Worldwide obesity rates have prompted 16 countries to enact policies to reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing, but few policies address online advertising practices or protect adolescents from being targeted. Given adolescents spend so much time online, it is critical to understand how persuasive Instagram food advertisements (ads) are compared with traditional food ads. To strengthen online food marketing policies, more evidence is needed on whether social media ads are more persuasive than other types of ads in shaping adolescents’ preferences.

Objective
This study examined whether adolescents could identify food companies’ Instagram posts as ads, and the extent to which Instagram versus traditional food ads shape adolescents’ preferences.

Methods
In Part 1, participants aged 13-17 years (N=832) viewed 8 pairs of ads and were asked to identify which ads originated from Instagram. One ad in each pair was selected from traditional sources (eg, print; online banner ad), and the other ad was selected from Instagram, but we removed the Instagram frame—which includes the logo, comments, and “likes.” In Part 2, participants were randomized to rate food ads that ostensibly originated from (1) Instagram (ie, we photoshopped the Instagram frame onto ads); or (2) traditional sources. Unbeknownst to participants, half of the ads in their condition originated from Instagram and half originated from traditional sources.

Results
In Part 1, adolescents performed worse than chance when asked to identify Instagram ads (P<.001). In Part 2, there were no differences on 4 of 5 outcomes in the “labeled ad condition.” In the “unlabeled ad condition,” however, they preferred Instagram ads to traditional ads on 3 of 5 outcomes (ie, trendiness, P=.001; artistic appeal, P=.001; likeability, P=.001).

Conclusions
Adolescents incorrectly identified traditional ads as Instagram posts, suggesting the artistic appearance of social media ads may not be perceived as marketing. Further, the mere presence of Instagram features caused adolescents to rate food ads more positively than ads without Instagram features.
Empowerment of Retired State Civil Apparatus Through the Smart Enterpreneurship Program by Limited Liability Company (PT) Taspen ( Civil Servant Insurance Savings) Malang
Authors: Imania Ajeng , Hadi Khrisno , Kamil Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

The Smart Entrepreneur Program is an innovation program from PT. TASPEN (Civil Servant Insurance Savings) is a solution to declining mental and physical health problems and economic problems experienced by retirees when entering retirement. It is because retired State Civil Apparatus (ASN) do not have proper preparation before retiring. Therefore, this program focuses on empowering retired (ASN) so that retirees are more empowered and prosperous and can reduce the possibility of problems when entering retirement. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. In data analysis, researchers used data analysis techniques, according to Creswell. The theory used in this study is the Empowerment theory of Ginanjar Kartasasmita. The research results indicate that the empowerment of ASN through the smart entrepreneurship program conducted by PT. TASPEN Malang is compatible with the concept of empowerment. In its implementation, three indicators of empowerment are applied: enabling creating conditions that allow for the development of potential retirees, empowering to strengthen the potential of retirees by conducting socialization and training, and finally protecting provided by PT. TASPEN Malang to participants in the smart entrepreneurial program as a form of guarantee given to retirees.
The Role of the Indonesian Tobacco Farmers Association in Mobilizing Resistance to Tobacco Regulation in Temanggung Regency
Authors: Wicaksono Bagas Makhrus , Efendi David , Mahadika Alam 
Published: October 2021

This research focuses on the mobilization of the role carried out by the movement Indonesian Tobacco Farmers Association (APTI) of Temanggung Regency is to thwart the implementation of Non-Smoking Areas (KTR) that will be applied in Temanggung. They pressing for Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia Number 23 of 2019 About Technical Recommendations For Tobacco Imports to be realized immediately, the allocation of Tobacco Excise Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH- CHT) returning to farmers is raised, and the rejection of the increase in retail selling price and excise that rises significantly. By using social movement theory with qualitative descriptive methods where primary data is obtained in direct interviews with respondents and sources who have valid and relevant information to find out the actual problems experienced by tobacco farmers, especially in Temanggung Regency. Then the authors use secondary data to strengthen the validity of the data obtained by the researcher. The results of this study illustrate that tobacco control regulations are not entirely for public health but are used as a pretext in the nicotine market share. So far, APTI has carried out various ways and strategies so that national-scale regulations can be changed or removed. In addition to tobacco control regulations, there are also classes of tobacco farmers in Temanggung to give birth to local capitalization and make the tobacco trade chain longer.
Allergic and non-allergic skin diseases in children of Ukraine: a retrospective study of the prevalence and incidence over the past 24 years
Authors: Volosovets O.P. , Bolbot Yu.K. , Beketova G.V. , Berezenko V.S. , Umanets T.R. , Rechkina O.O. , Міtiuriaeva-Korniyko I.O. , Volosovets T.М. , Pochinok T.V. 
Published: October 2021

Bacterial, allergic, parasitic and fungal skin lesions are much more common among children than among adult patients. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue with allergic and non-allergic origin among children of Ukraine in period from 1994 to 2017. Our main purpose was to determine the possible impact of different adverse environmental factors on children`s growth, including radiation, connected with the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Over the past 24 years Ukraine has witnessed a 10.3% increase in prevalence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue among children and 8.6% raise of incidence rate with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children affected by the Chernobyl accident and children from areas of radiological control. We have found a direct influence of moderate strength on the connection between population-weighted effective dose of total human exposure (in millizieverts) in different regions of the country in the period of 1997-2011 and the incidence and prevalence of skin diseases among children aged 0-14 years, including 2011 (p<0.05).This fact may indicate the impact of this disaster on the occurrence and pathogenesis of skin diseases and its consequences among children. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of environmental factors, there was a significant transformation in the structure of skin diseases in children. We have witnessed double increasing of the proportion of allergic lesions of the skin and its elements. The prevalence of diseases of the skin and its elements in general has reached 28.7% against the corresponding reduction of skin infections.
Design of Single Mode Fiber for Optical Communications
Authors: Salih Aqeel R. 
Published: October 2021

In this work, a step-index fiber with core index and cladding index has been designed. Single-mode operation can be obtained by using a fiber with core diameters 4–13 µm operating at a wavelength of 1.31 µm and by 4–15 µm at 1.55 µm. The fundamental fiber mode properties such as phase constant, effective refractive index, mode radius, effective mode area and the power in the core were calculated. Distributions of the intensity and the amplitude were shown.
Electromyographic assessment of condylar screw placement during occipitocervical fusion
Authors: Mugutso Denmark , Warnecke Charles , Bolognese Paolo , Avshalumov Marat V. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
This is a retrospective study of a series of occipitocervical fusion procedures with condylar screw fixation in which the authors investigated the utility of electromyography (EMG, free-running and triggered) as a reliable tool in assessing the positioning of condylar screws. This series consisted of 197 patients between 15 and 60 years of age who presented with craniocervical instability, and who were treated between October 2014 and December 2017.

METHODS
Intraoperative free-running EMG was observed at the placement of condylar screws, as well as at realigning of the spine. After placement the condylar screws were stimulated electrically, and the thresholds were recorded. CT scans were obtained intraoperatively soon after screw stimulation, and the results were analyzed by the surgeon in real time. Free-running EMG results and triggered EMG thresholds were tabulated, and the minimum acceptable threshold was established.

RESULTS
Intraoperative free-running EMG and triggered EMG were able to correlate alerts with condylar screw placement accurately. A triggered EMG threshold of 2.7 mA was found to be a minimum acceptable threshold. A combination criterion of free-running EMG and triggered EMG alerts was found to enable accurate assessment of condylar screw positioning and placement.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative free-running EMG and triggered EMG were both found to be invaluable utilities in assessing the placement and positioning of condylar screws. Stimulation thresholds below 2.7 mA correlated with a superior or anterior condylar breach. Thresholds in the 2.7-mA to 9.0-mA range were generally acceptable but warranted additional inspection by the surgeon. Threshold values above 9.0 mA corresponded with solid condylar screw placement.