bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hold‐up problem in China's broiler industry: Empirical evidence from Jiangsu Province
Authors: Tang Shufen , Zheng Yuqing , Li Taiping , Zhou Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing detailed survey data on broiler growers, we tested for the existence of hold‐up problems in the broiler industry in Jiangsu Province, China. We found that growers’ investments in chicken houses, which are assets with a high degree of physical and location specificity, increased along with the number of potential buyers (integrators) nearby. Such an effect was particularly strong in proximity to leading industry buyers. These results support the existence of hold‐ups in the Chinese broiler industry. However, we failed to find evidence that a longer‐term contract led to higher grower investments in chicken houses, possibly because of the lack of a minimum purchase guarantee in a typical contract. A key policy implication of this study is that subsidies to growers, from the government or buyers, can alleviate the underinvestment problem caused by hold‐ups.
Resonance frequency analysis of implants placed in condensed bone
Authors: Feher Balazs , Frommlet Florian , Gruber Reinhard , Hirtler Lena , Ulm Christian , Kuchler Ulrike 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesResonance frequency analysis (RFA) is used to monitor implant stability. Its output, the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), supposedly correlates with insertion torque, a common measurement of primary stability. However, the reliability of RFA in condensed bone remains unclear.Material and methodsIn this human cadaver study in edentulous jaws and fresh extraction sockets, implants were inserted using a split‐mouth approach into condensed or untreated bone. Mean ISQ, peak insertion torque, and pre‐ and postoperative bone volume fractions (BV/TV) were assessed.ResultsIn edentulous jaws, insertion torque and ISQ correlated both in untreated (r = 0.63, p = 0.02) and in condensed (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) bone. In extraction sockets, insertion torque and ISQ only correlated in untreated (r = 0.78, p < 0.01), but not in condensed bone (r = 0.15, p = 0.58). In all edentulous jaws, preoperative BV/TV correlated with insertion torque (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001), ISQ (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), and changes in BV/TV (r = –0.71, p < 0.01). In all extraction sockets, preoperative BV/TV did not correlate with either insertion torque (r = 0.33, p = 0.15), ISQ (r = 0.38, p = 0.09), or changes in BV/TV (r = –0.41, p = 0.09). Joint analysis identified preoperative BV/TV as a predictor of postoperative BV/TV (p < 0.001), insertion torque (p < 0.001), and ISQ (p < 0.001).ConclusionsRFA is feasible for monitoring stability after late implant placement into condensed bone, but not after immediate placement into condensed fresh extraction sites.
In healthy subjects nasal nitric oxide does not correlate with olfactory sensitivity, trigeminal sensitivity, and nasal airflow
Authors: Mariano Marta , Drews Tanja , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the relationship between nasal nitric oxide (nNO) and olfactory sensitivity, trigeminal sensitivity and nasal airflow in healthy subjects.Study designThis is a correlational study.SettingThis study was carried out in a tertiary referral centre.ParticipantsForty healthy participants were recruited.Main outcome measuresnNO was measured using a chemiluminescence analyser (Niox Vero®, Circassia AB, Uppsala, Sweden), olfactory sensitivity was determined using phenyl ethyl alcohol odour thresholds using the ‘Sniffin’ Sticks’, trigeminal sensitivity was assessed with carbon dioxide delivered by an automated device, and nasal airflow was measured using the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF).ResultsThe median nNO was 518 ppb (IQR =333) in the right nostril, and it was 567 ppb (IQR = 314) in the left nostril. The median odour threshold was 7.1 (IQR = 4.4), the median CO2 threshold was 919 ms (IQR = 1297) and the mean PNIF was 108 L/min (SEM = 4.9). nNO did not correlate significantly with odour threshold, CO2 threshold or PNIF (Spearman's |ρ| <0.15, p > .18).ConclusionIn healthy subjects, nNO does not appear to be associated with olfactory sensitivity, trigeminal sensitivity and PNIF.
SupPoRtive Exercise Programmes for Accelerating REcovery after major ABdominal Cancer surgery trial (PREPARE‐ABC): Pilot phase of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors:   the PREPARE‐ABC Trial Collaborative
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimPREPARE‐ABC is a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial including an internal pilot designed to assess the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of pre‐ and postoperative exercise in relation to short‐ and longer‐term postoperative recovery outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. Here, we report on internal pilot phase data for the first 200 patients randomised to the trial, which included prespecified stop‐go criteria used to inform the decision to progress to the fully powered trial by the funder.MethodsEligible and consenting patients are randomly assigned (1:1:1) to hospital‐supervised exercise, home‐supported exercise or treatment as usual (TAU). Randomisation is concealed but clinical teams providing treatment and participants are unmasked. Primary outcomes are 30‐day morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo) and 12‐month health‐related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study Health Questionnaire). Here, we present findings from the prespecified pilot phase which assessed feasibility of site set up, recruitment, adherence and acceptability of trial processes to patients and site staff.ResultsBetween 9 November 2016 and 18 May 2018, 18 sites were set up, with 200 patients randomised to either hospital‐supervised exercise (68), home‐supported exercise (69) or treatment as usual (TAU) (63). Across the groups, 19 patients did not proceed to surgery or withdrew and 52% experienced a complication. Over half of the participants (57%) in the hospital‐supervised group attended ≥6 preoperative sessions and 50% attended ≥5 monthly postoperative exercise “booster sessions”. In the home‐supported group, 70% patients engaged with ≥2 telephone support sessions in the preoperative phase and 80% engaged in ≥5 monthly telephone support “booster sessions”. Adverse events were reported by 22 patients and three patients reported a serious adverse event. The majority of complications were Clavien‐Dindo grades 1–2; however, 16 patients experienced one or more Clavien‐Dindo grade 3–4 complication(s).ConclusionsResults of the internal pilot phase confirm the feasibility of site set‐up and patient recruitment, representativeness of the sample population and adequate adherence to hospital‐supervised and home‐supported exercise. On the basis of these positive results, progression to the fully‐powered trial was authorised by the funder.
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals neuronal microstructural changes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Thapaliya Kiran , Marshall‐Gradisnik Sonya , Staines Donald , Barnden Leighton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients suffer from a variety of physical and neurological complaints indicating the central nervous system plays a role in ME/CFS pathophysiology. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to study microstructural changes in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated DTI parameters to investigate microstructural abnormalities in ME/CFS patients. We estimated DTI parameters in 25 ME/CFS patients who met Fukuda criteria (ME/CFSFukuda), 18 ME/CFS patients who met International Consensus Criteria (ICC) (ME/CFSICC) only and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects. In addition to voxel‐based DTI‐parameter group comparisons, we performed voxel‐based DTI‐parameter interaction‐with‐group regressions with clinical and autonomic measures to test for abnormal regressions. Group comparisons between ME/CFSICC and HC detected significant clusters (a) with decreased axial diffusivity (p = .001) and mean diffusivity (p = .01) in the descending cortico‐cerebellar tract in the midbrain and pons and (b) with increased transverse diffusivity in the medulla. The mode of anisotropy was significantly decreased (p = .001) in a cluster in the superior longitudinal fasciculus region. Voxel‐based group comparisons between ME/CFSFukuda and HC did not detect significant clusters. For ME/CFSICC and HC, DTI parameter interaction‐with‐group regressions were abnormal for the clinical measures of information processing score, SF36 physical, sleep disturbance score and respiration rate in both grey and white matter regions. Our study demonstrated that DTI parameters are sensitive to microstructural changes in ME/CFSICC and could potentially act as an imaging biomarker of abnormal pathophysiology in ME/CFS. The study also shows that strict case definitions are essential in investigation of the pathophysiology of ME/CFS.
MultifocalCoccidioides immitisin a donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Sorum M. , Wyckoff S. , Pastrana D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis case report discusses the clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment and outcome for a donkey (Equus asinus) diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis. At presentation, the donkey was lame, was in poor body condition, had a draining tract over the left femur and was hyporexic. Further investigation of the draining tract via radiography and ultrasonography showed a focal lesion of extensive bony proliferation and lysis on the mid‐shaft of the left femur. There was also a soft tissue swelling over the fifth left rib. AGID titres were positive forCoccidioides immitis. Recommended treatment forC. immitisconsists of two antifungal classes, the azoles and amphotericin B, with this donkey being prescribed daily fluconazole. A recheck 3 months from initial diagnosis showed marked improvement of clinical signs, but theC. immitistitre remained unchanged. The 18‐month recheck showed improvement radiographically and significantly decreased titres. After 3 years of daily treatment of fluconazole, theC. immitistitre was decreased, but radiographs of the femur still showed persistent bony proliferation.
Niobate in silicate and phosphate glasses: Effect of glass basicity on crucible dissolution
Authors: Wójcik Natalia A. , Ali Sharafat , Kamitsos Efstratios I. , Möncke Doris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing niobium crucibles for melting phosphate and silicate glasses of various modifier oxide contents, and therefore varying optical basicity (Λ), was found to result in varying dissolution rates of niobate during melting. Because of their high electronic polarizability, even small concentrations of niobates are detectable in the Raman spectra of glasses. Even <1 mol% Nb2O5can be identified, as independently confirmed by SEM‐EDX analysis. Silica‐rich glasses (~60% SiO2, Λ ~0.6) did not show significant Nb dissolution from the crucible, while higher basicity metasilicate glasses (~50% SiO2, Λ ~0.65) and pyrophosphate glasses (~30% P2O5, Λ ~0.7) did show the typical niobate signature in the Raman spectra at 810–840 cm−1, depending on composition. While niobium is well‐dissolved throughout the pyrophosphate glass, metasilicate glasses showed a much more intense Raman signature of niobate units near the outer surface of the glass. Measurements along the cross‐section of a fractured metasilicate glass showed a steady decrease of the strength of the niobate signature from the surface toward the bulk of the material. Besides correlation with optical basicity, the tendency of melts to dissolve Nb crucible was discussed in terms of the connectivity or polymerization of the network and the corresponding melt viscosity.
Defining motivation in video game‐based training: Exploring the differences between measures of motivation
Authors: Sanchez Diana R. , Nelson Tristan , Kraiger Kurt , Weiner Erik , Lu Yucheng , Schnall Jasmine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGame‐based training research has produced various definitions and measures for learner motivation. Inconsistent findings on learner motivation may have contributed to the misapplication of one type of motivation to explain another; inhibiting future research and generating false implications. This study compared 172 students in game‐based or computer‐based training learning French. Results showed unique relationships between three measures of learner motivation (i.e. motivation to learn, intrinsic motivation and engagement). Motivation to learn did not differ between conditions, while intrinsic motivation and engagement did. A significant portion of the variance in content reactions was explained by all three measures of motivation, while variance for technology reactions was explained only by the motivation to learn and engagement. None of the measures for motivation accounted for significant variance in declarative or procedural knowledge. Results indicate key differences in three measures of motivation.
The role and activities of the Traveller mental health liaison nurse: Findings from a multi‐stakeholder evaluation
Authors: O’Sullivan Karin , Brady Anne Marie , Downes Carmel , Higgins Agnes , Doyle Louise , McCann Thomas , Keogh Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIrish Travellers are a minority ethnic group within the Irish state with a distinct culture and set of traditions. Travellers experience mental health inequalities, high rates of mental ill health, and structural and individual barriers to mental health supports. A Traveller Mental Health Liaison Nurse (TMHLN) was introduced in a healthcare region in Ireland to provide greater mental health‐related support to Travellers. This paper presents a description of the TMHLN role following a multi‐stakeholder evaluation. The research design was descriptive qualitative and the findings are reported using COREQ criteria. Thirty‐four key stakeholders were interviewed individually or as part of focus groups. Thematic analysis generated two broad themes: the role context, and the specific activities of the role. Mental health nursing experience and understanding of local issues and services were key, as was use of language, building trusting relations, creating the metaphorical, and having the physical, space for working. Specific activities involved in‐reach and outreach work, including one‐to‐one mental health support provision, delivery of education/training sessions to Travellers and service providers, (re)establishing links to specialist services, integrated and interagency working, and promoting cultural competency. The findings set out a role with a greater emphasis on the use of recovery technologies, having an emphasis on psychosocial interventions and self‐care, and less focus on biomedical technologies, signs and symptoms, and clinical outcomes. This study contributes to knowledge on the role of a MHLN as this relates to working with marginalized minority groups.
Factors associated with xerostomia in perimenopausal women
Authors: Shinohara Chizuko , Ito Kayoko , Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Ogawa Mariko , Kajii Yuka , Nohno Kaname , Sugano Aki , Funayama Saori , Katakura Akira , Nomura Takeshi , Inoue Makoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesVarious oral symptoms, including xerostomia and burning mouth syndrome, may occur in menopausal women. These symptoms reduce quality of life (QOL). However, the actual condition of xerostomia after menopause is not clear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the factors associated with xerostomia in perimenopausal women.MethodsParticipants included 118 outpatients (mean age, 49.9 ± 3.2 years; range, 45–55 years) at a department of gynecology in Japan. Information was collected concerning age, medical history, medications, menstrual status, and history of treatment for climacteric symptoms. Oral symptoms, including xerostomia were evaluated with a 3‐point scale. The climacteric symptom checklist for Japanese women and 36‐Item Short‐Form Health were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms and QOL, respectively. In addition, the volume of unstimulated saliva, oral moisture, salivary α‐amylase, chromogranin A, and 17‐β estradiol were measured.ResultsHigher age, the total number of medications, psychotropic drug, hormone replacement therapy, treatment for climacteric symptoms, sticky mouth, burning sensation of tongue, dryness of nose and 14 of the 21 climacteric symptoms significantly affected xerostomia. In addition, treatment for climacteric symptoms, fall asleep but often awake at night, headaches and dryness of nose were significantly associated with xerostomia. In conclusion, xerostomia is closely associated to factors such as treatment for climacteric symptoms and certain menopausal symptoms, and it may be related to QOL in perimenopausal women.
Hypertransaminasemia and liver fibrosis associated with haptoglobin retention and anhaptoglobinemia in a paediatric patient
Authors: Gunzer Sophia , Kraus Andreas , Buchroth Inka , Grüneberg Marianne , Westermann Cordula , Biskup Saskia , Reunert Janine , Grünewald Inga , Marquardt Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryptogenic elevation of transaminases in childhood can in a few instances be linked to rare hereditary causes. In this paper, a 7‐year old girl is reported who was diagnosed with elevated transaminases of unknown origin since infancy. A liver biopsy showed bridging fibrosis, pale eosinophilic intracytoplasmic hepatocellular inclusions and enlarged endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in the hepatocytes. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a homozygous in‐frame deletion of 3 base pairs in the haptoglobin gene. The patient is anhaptoglobinemic measured by standard laboratory turbidometry, which was confirmed by Western Blotting and thereby shown to affect both protein chains of haptoglobin. A polyclonal antibody revealed haptoglobin retention in hepatocytes suggesting a defect in haptoglobin secretion. A novel, previously unknown haptoglobin storage disease is suspected to be the reason for the elevated liver enzymes and tissue abnormalities in this patient. The pathophysiology appears to be similar to endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases like alpha‐1‐antitrypsin‐deficiency.
Joseph Biden's Effective Presidential Transition: “Started Early, Went Big”
Authors: Kumar Martha Joynt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 2021 transition will be remembered as the most tumultuous in over a century. President Trump sought to delegitimize the presidential election as flawed and refused to concede his loss, and several of his departments and agencies slow‐walked their cooperation with the incoming team. Further, the insurrection on the Capitol and the Trump impeachment trial brought more turmoil. The question this article will consider is how, in such an environment, did Joseph R. Biden manage to complete the basic transition preparations needed to get off to the fast and effective start his administration had? A presidential transition has two dominant threads that come together to pave the path to a productive beginning. In 2020, early transition planning by the Biden team and existing laws detailing what resources the federal government will provide, when, and under what conditions were two important elements in his successful transition. Additionally, an effective transition depends on people leading it who have experience in both management and government service. The 2020–2021 transition had both.
Personal identification systems for persons with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Matsuda Shinpei , Yoshimura Hitoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeople with dementia can become missing and unable to be identified due to their cognitive decline and may not have belongings, including personally identifiable information. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and discuss the current status of personal identification systems for missing and unidentified persons with dementia. An electronic systematic literature search was conducted by using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. By performing an electronic literature search, 128 texts were extracted. However, only three eligible texts were included in this review, and these were divided on the basis of the analysis target as follows: medical and human community support systems and digital systems. It is important to develop medical and social care systems and to construct and advance social personal identification systems, including medical and human community support systems and digital systems, for persons with dementia. However, this systematic review clarified that there have only been a few reports about the development and construction of social systems for missing and unidentified persons with dementia. People who interact with persons with dementia should consider this problem, which is increasing each year, and strive to build a social system that can be applied to personal identification as soon as possible.
Caught between good intentions and rigid structures: A qualitative description of professionals’ experiences with health promotion in mental health services
Authors: Wagner Sabina , Addington Kristine Stoltenberg , Varming Annemarie , Hempler Nana Folmann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimCompared with the general population, people with mental illness are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to poor diet, medication and inactive lifestyle. People with mental illness and members of the general population are equally interested in health behaviour change, but those with mental illness experience communication barriers with professionals. The study aimed to explore philosophies that social care and healthcare professionals apply to health promotion activities targeting people with mental illness and challenges they face in applying these philosophies across multiple settings.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 18 social and healthcare professionals in a range of settings in 2016–2019. Descriptive qualitative analysis was applied to interview data.ResultsInterviewees faced many structural challenges in the organisation of their work, which did not coincide with their philosophy or intentions in relation to health promotion. Three philosophical categories were identified: (a) health promotion approach, (b) elements of care and (c) social relations. Many interviewees intended to apply philosophies of broadly defined health, dialogue‐based health education, and incremental approaches to health behaviour change. They wanted to provide holistic and flexible care and they valued peer‐to‐peer activities, family and friend involvement in care and a trusting relationship between the professional and the person with mental illness. However, rigid structures determining the organisation of health promotion challenged professionals’ ability to follow their philosophical intentions.ConclusionInterviewees aspired to a collaborative, empowering and person‐centred approach, but practical and structural factors made this difficult to achieve in practice. Major changes are required at the organisational level, implemented with the active involvement of professionals and people with mental illness.