bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of congenital systemic juvenile xanthogranulomatosis with pulmonary involvement
Authors: Ataseven Eda , Kizmazoglu Deniz , Oniz Haldun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a common form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which usually presents with spontaneously regressing skin lesions. Systemic involvement is rare and mostly seen in patients with multiple skin nodules. It can spontaneously regress, but sometimes systemic involvement can cause life‐threatening symptoms and can be fatal. Herein, we report a case of congenital systemic JXG with multiple skin nodules, soft tissue and pulmonary involvement. She was successfully treated with chemotherapy according to Langerhans cell histiocytosis treatment protocol IV of the Histiocyte Society (LCH‐IV).
Pollination by nectar‐foraging pompilid wasps: a new specialized pollination strategy for the Australian flora
Authors: Phillips R. D. , Bohman B. , Peakall R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The Pompilidae is a cosmopolitan and diverse group of wasps, which commonly feed on nectar. However, pollination systems specialized on pompilids have not been documented in detail outside of southern Africa. Here, we studied Caladenia drummondii (Orchidaceae) where, based on floral traits and preliminary field observations, we predicted pollination by sexual deception of male pompilid wasps.

Detailed pollinator observations were undertaken using floral baiting experiments at sites spanning 375 km. Following evidence for nectar on some flowers of C. drummondii, the sugar content on the labellum was analysed by GC‐MS. Floral spectral reflectance was measured and compared with Caladenia using other pollination strategies.

Males of a single species of pompilid wasp (Calopompilus sp.) were the only visitors capable of pollinating C. drummondii. Attempts to feed from the surface of the labellum were frequent and were associated with removal and deposition of pollinia. GC‐MS analysis revealed larger quantities of sugar on the labellum than reported in other Caladenia species. While no sexual or courtship behaviour was observed, the zig‐zag and circling flight on approach to the flower is suggestive of odour‐based attraction. Floral spectral reflectance was similar to sexually deceptive Caladenia.

This study represents the first confirmation of a specialized pompilid pollination system outside of Africa. Although pollination occurs during nectar‐foraging, long‐distance sexual attraction cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the exclusive male visitation. The similarity in floral spectral reflectance to other Caladenia indicates colour may not impose a constraint on the evolution of pollination by pompilids.
Knowledge norms of belief and belief formation: When the time is ripe to actualize one's epistemic potential
Authors: Hofmann Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to a currently popular view within the camp of knowledge lovers, knowledge is the norm of (full) belief. It says that no‐one should believe p without knowing that p, and thus governs the state of belief; it is a static norm. I will argue that we need an additional, structurally different knowledge norm in order to cover cases in which a subject is such that she ought to start forming a belief. So the standard view of how knowledge governs matters of belief must be supplemented by including a further, dynamic norm. This additional knowledge norm prescribes the initiation of knowledge acquistion on condition of the epistemic potential to know (plus some further qualifications). It thus expresses the plausible thought that we should actualize our epistemic potential (under certain conditions).
Sphalerite‐galena replacement in sodium chloride solution: A thermodynamic approach
Authors: Komuro Kosei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering the material balances of the constituents including solid phases, replacement reaction of the sphalerite‐galena pair in chloride solution is examined quantitatively under equilibrium conditions of 250°C, water saturation vapor pressure, and initial Cl concentration of 1 mol/L. NaCl+PbCl2 solution with solid sphalerite, dissolves and releases both total Zn and total S of 1.26 × 10−5 mol/L into the solution under without or lower PbCl2 concentration. If the PbCl2 concentration is higher than 1.32 × 10−6 mol/L, precipitation of galena as replacement occurs, suggesting that sphalerite has an ability to trap a lower concentration of Pb. If PbCl2 concentration of the solution is higher than 1.32 × 10−6 mol/L, the majority of Pb deposited as galena with using sulfur originated from solid sphalerite dissolved, and the amount of Zn from sphalerite equivalent to the amount of galena deposited releases into the solution. On the other hand, NaCl+ZnCl2 solution with solid galena under the same environmental conditions, dissolves and releases both total Pb and total S of 6.43 × 10−6 mol/L into the solution under without or lower ZnCl2 concentration. Over the ZnCl2 concentration of 6.40 × 10−5 mol/L in the solution, precipitation of sphalerite occurs, indicating that galena cannot trap a low concentration of Zn. Zinc would drain away from the hydrothermal depositional environment under the presence of only galena. These relationships are controlled mainly by the reaction of predominant metal chloride or metal hydroxide species in the solution. Sphalerite is a good scavenger for Pb, but galena is not for Zn.
The Social Amplification of Risk Framework: A Normative Perspective on Trust?
Authors: Bearth Angela , Siegrist Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPublic trust is being lamented as the central victim of our new, digital information environment, a notion that is depicted in labeling our society as “posttruth” or “posttrust.” Within this article, we aim to call this deficit view of public trust into question and kindle a more positive outlook in future research. For this, we utilize the Social Amplification of Risk Framework to discuss trust as an inherent aspect of social interactions and to question the frameworks’ normative approach to public trust and risk perception. Utilizing a literature review of prior studies that investigated trust within the structure of SARF and a case study on the impacts of Fukushima on public trust in nuclear energy, we would like to argue that the current normative “trust deficit model” should be overcome and future risk research should increasingly focus on the opportunities of the digital informational environment for risk communication.
Differential, difference, and asymptotic relations for Pollaczek–Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials and their Hankel determinants
Authors: Min Chao , Chen Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the orthogonal polynomials with respect to a singularly perturbed Pollaczek–Jacobi type weight
urn:x-wiley:00222526:media:sapm12392:sapm12392-math-0001By using the ladder operator approach, we establish the second‐order difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficient and the sub‐leading coefficient of the monic orthogonal polynomials, respectively. We show that the logarithmic derivative of can be expressed in terms of a particular Painlevé V transcendent. The large asymptotic expansions of and are obtained by using Dyson's Coulomb fluid method together with the related difference equations. Furthermore, we study the associated Hankel determinant and show that a quantity , allied to the logarithmic derivative of , can be expressed in terms of the ‐function of a particular Painlevé V. The second‐order differential and difference equations for are also obtained. In the end, we derive the large asymptotics of and from their relations with and .
The U‐shape of happiness in Scotland
Authors: Bell David N. F. , Blanchflower David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine well‐being in Scotland using micro data from the Scottish Health Survey and the UK Annual Population Surveys. We find evidence of a midlife nadir or zenith in Scotland in well‐being at around age 50 using a variety of measures of both happiness and unhappiness. We confirm that higher consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with higher levels of happiness in Scotland. We compare this with evidence for England from the Health Survey of England. The decline in well‐being between youth and midlife is comparable in size to the loss of a spouse or of a job and around half of the fall in well‐being in the COVID‐19 lockdown. We also find a midlife peak in suicides in Scotland. Despite higher mortality and suicide rates in Scotland than in England, paradoxically we find that the Scots are happier than the English. Northern Ireland is the happiest of the four home countries. We also find evidence of U‐shapes in England, Wales and Northern Ireland in the mid to late forties.
Evolution and diversification of the Southern Chilean genus Ceroglossus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) during the Pleistocene glaciations
Authors: López‐López Alejandro , Acosta Víctor , Rataj Laurent , Galián José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Quaternary glaciations affected the evolution and current distribution of taxa in southern Chile, including the emblematic and endemic genus Ceroglossus Solier. This genus of ground beetles has fascinated a great number of entomologists due to their conspicuous colour patterns, but despite this attention their taxonomy has remained controversial, with a large amount of taxa described based on unclear or variable morphological characters. In this work, we carry out a phylogenetic analysis of the 10 described species of Ceroglossus, based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and perform a species delimitation analysis using different algorithms, to clarify the backbone of their evolutionary tree and to lay the basis for a comprehensive and integrative taxonomic revision of this genus. Our results show that Ceroglossus is divided in five main lineages, composed of 13 putative phylogenetic species. The five lineages diverged before the Quaternary, while the divergence of the species within each lineage occurred during the glaciations and followed a parallel pattern among the different lineages. Additionally, we carry out an evolutionary interpretation of the revised available chromosomal data to shed light on the mechanisms that promoted their diversification.
Constancy and Constitution
Authors: Laasik Kristjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI argue for the following claims: (1) A core Husserlian account of perceptual constancy needs to be given in terms of indicative future‐oriented conditionals but can be complemented by a counterfactual account; (2) thus conceived, constancy is a necessary aspect of content. I speak about a “core Husserlian” account so as to capture certain ideas that Michael Madary has presented as the core of Edmund Husserl's approach to perceptual constancy, viz., that “perception is partly constituted by the continuous interplay of intention and fulfilment” and that this “gives us a way to understand the relationship between different appearances of the same object” (See Madary, M. (2012) “Husserl on Perceptual Constancy.” European Journal of Philosophy 20(1): 145–165.). I take myself to be developing, and perhaps correcting, Madary's view as I discuss the role of the core Husserlian ideas, and counterfactuals, in accounting for shape and color constancy, respectively. I bridge constancy and fulfilment‐conditional content by appealing to the Husserlian notion of constitution, which captures the process in which objectivity and, correlatively, intentional experience, are built up in the experiential flow.
Measurement of Blood Pressure via a Skin-Mounted, Non-Invasive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Li Shupeng , Park Yoonseok , Luan Haiwen , Wang Heling , Kwon Kyeongha , Rogers John A. , Huang Yonggang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Traditional methods to measure blood pressure are intermittent and may fail to detect the critical blood pressure fluctuations. Continuous blood pressure monitoring offers important clinical value in predicting cardiovascular diseases. Invasive (i.e., artery cannulation) and noninvasive approaches (e.g., volume clamping, pressure sensor, ultrasound, and optical methods) have limitations that prevent their generalized use outside of controlled settings, and few account properly for changes in the properties of the arteries (e.g., after drug administration, aging). This article proposes a method that combines a skin-interfaced pressure sensor with a sensor of pulse wave velocity, to continuously, noninvasively, and accurately measure the blood pressure, in ways that eliminate drifts and other artifacts that can prevent accurate, longitudinal monitoring. A scaling law is established to show that, for a linearly proportional relationship between the blood pressure and sensor pressure, the coefficient of proportionality depends on the elastic moduli Eartery and Etissue of the artery and tissue, respectively, and the artery thickness hartery and radius Rartery via a single, dimensionless combination, Earteryhartery/(EtissueRartery), i.e., the normalized artery stiffness. This scheme determines the blood pressure in a manner that explicitly accounts for changes in the artery elastic modulus and thickness (e.g., due to the administration of drugs, aging).
Help-seeking behaviours related to mental health symptoms in professional football
Authors: Confectioner Kaizeen , Currie Alan , Gabana Nicolle , van Gerven Nienke , Kerkhoffs Gino M M J , Gouttebarge Vincent 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to examine the attitudes of professional footballers towards help-seeking behaviours related to mental health symptoms and the impact of a mental health awareness video on these help-seeking behaviours. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether the mental health awareness video was feasible in professional football.MethodsA quasi-experimental study based on a one-group pretest post-test was conducted using a questionnaire. Attitude, help-seeking behaviours and confidence were measured with validated questionnaires, including the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) and General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ).ResultsSixty-five professional footballers (63% men; 37% women) were enrolled in the study. The mean ATSPPH-SF score was 18.1 at pretest and 19.4 at post-test (p=0.00). The mean GHSQ score was 47.6 at pretest and 48.9 at post-test (p=0.00). The level of confidence in helping someone experiencing mental health symptoms was 11.1 at pretest and 11.7 at post-test (p=0.00). All participants rated the mental health awareness video as relevant; 88% mentioned that it added value to raise awareness about mental health symptoms and disorders in professional football. Eighty-three per cent rated the design positively, 69% were positive about the duration of the video and 88% of participants reported an increase in their knowledge and understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders in professional football.ConclusionThe mental health awareness video led to a better attitude of professional footballers towards mental health. We recommend the mental health awareness video be implemented in professional football to disseminate essential information related to mental health symptoms in professional football.
Morphological types in the Deccan Volcanic Province, India: implications for emplacement dynamics of continental flood basalts
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Dole Gauri , Patil Pillai Shilpa , Chatterjee Poushali , Bodas Makarand 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We review and compare morphologies from continental basaltic lavas, using examples from the Deccan Volcanic Province to compile their internal configurations and mutual associations and compare them. The mechanism of endogenous transfer of lava within an insulating (rapidly developed) crust provides an efficient mode of dispersal of the molten lava in flood basalts. The growth of the lava flow can be achieved by a single extrusion or by multiple pulses of endogenous emplacement that enable the lava to efficiently spread over large areas and thicken. We show that the morphology of a lobe manifests the response of the molten lava to several parameters (including volumetric rate of emplacement, substrate topography, viscosity, vapour loss, etc.) that govern the dynamics and cooling history of basaltic lava after it starts to spread on the surface. The lateral transition from one morphology to another within lobes of a lava flow is a testimony to the interactive response of the lava dynamics and rheology to variation in the local systems in which they were emplaced. The morphologies do not evolve as rigid partitioned categories from ‘áā and pāhoehoe lava types' but as parametric progression of interactive variations in the spreading and cooling lava. A hierarchical recognition of lobes, flows and flow fields and mapping of the morphology (and their lateral transition or continuity) combined with the stacking patterns provides the volcanological framework for a sound stratigraphic mapping of flood basalts. Such an architectural documentation of flood basalt provinces will lead to robust models of their eruptive histories.
SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AS A SURROGATE OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE INSTABILITY AND RUPTURE PREDICTOR
Authors: Lominadze Z. , Chelidze K. , Chelidze L. , Lominadze E. 
Published: May 2021

Background. Oxidative stress is crucial in developing broad spectrum of diseases, including atherosclerosis and related life-threatening conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) mainly caused by atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
Objective. To clarify the relation between oxidative stress and plaque instability we decided to compare oxidative profiles of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), evaluated at admission to the coronary care unit (CCU) of LTD Clinic-LJ (Kutaisi, Georgia) in April 2018 - June 2019, who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods. 191 patients were enrolled (100 patients with ACS in Group 1 and 91 patients with CCS in Group 2) into the study. Using the CR3000 FORM PLUS (Callegari Srl, Catellani Group, Italy) – Callegari Point of Care instrument we evaluated free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radicals defense (FORD), calculated REDOX Index and the overall Profile of oxidative stress.
Results. The mean/median concentration of Free Oxygen Radicals was significantly higher in the patients with ACS (404.37±9.83 Fort units/2.36 mmol/l H2O2 eq. vs 282.34±9.83 Fort units/2.36 mmol/l H2O2 eq., p<0.0001). Significant correlation was found between advanced oxidative stress and acute coronary syndrome (OR 14.42 95% CI (7.08-29.4), RR 3.26 95% CI (2.31-4.60) with high diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 92.3%; positive predictive value of 92% and positive likelihood ratio of 11).
Conclusion. Oxidative stress is crucial in life-threatening acute coronary events. Measurement of overall oxidative stress profile, as a surrogate of plaque instability and rupture predictor, could help the clinicians in risk stratification and prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With or Without Defibrillation in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Patel Divyang , Kumar Anirudh , Black-Maier Eric , Morgan Rebecca L. , Trulock Kevin , Wilner Bryan , Nemer David , Donnellan Eoin , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Cantillon Daniel J. , Varma Niraj , Saba Samir F. , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Rickard John W. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) represents a major medical advance in patients with heart failure with electrical dyssynchrony to improve symptoms, reduce hospitalization, and increase survival both in the presence and absence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. However, among CRT-eligible patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), the benefit of defibrillator therapy in addition to CRT remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes of patients with NICM and heart failure who underwent CRT with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D) versus CRT-pacemaker only (CRT-P) was, therefore, performed.

Methods:
A literature search from inception through February 2020 was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane Review Databases for all studies reporting outcomes of CRT-D versus CRT-P in CRT-eligible patients with NICM. Studies reporting nonstratified outcomes, including patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, were excluded. The primary end point of interest was all-cause mortality. A random-effects model using hazards ratio (HR) was used to calculate a cumulative HR for all-cause mortality. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach assessed the certainty of evidence across outcomes.

Results:

Of a total of 1478 potential citations, the search yielded 8 citations that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was one randomized controlled trial which included a subgroup of 645 CRT-eligible patients with NICM (322 with CRT-D and 323 with CRT-P). Seven observational studies representing 9944 CRT-eligible patients with NICM (6865 CRT-D implantation and 3079 with CRT-P) were included in a pooled meta-analysis. The cumulative adjusted HR for all-cause mortality for CRT-D versus CRT-P was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.83–1.03);
I
2
=0 though with low certainty of evidence. There may be little difference in infection and cardiac mortality between CRT-D versus CRT-P devices (HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.29–2.20] moderate certainty of evidence and HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.37–1.25], low certainty of evidence, respectively).

Conclusions:
In this meta-analysis, the addition of defibrillator therapy was not significantly associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in CRT-eligible patients with NICM.
Association Between Myocardial Strain and Frailty in CHS
Authors: Tan Annabel X. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Sanders Jason L. , Psaty Bruce M. , Wu Chenkai , Gardin Julius M. , Peralta Carmen A. , Newman Anne B. , Odden Michelle C. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Myocardial strain, measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography, is a novel measure of subclinical cardiovascular disease and may reflect myocardial aging. We evaluated the association between myocardial strain and frailty—a clinical syndrome of lack of physiological reserve.

Methods:
Frailty was defined in participants of the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) as having ≥3 of the following clinical criteria: weakness, slowness, weight loss, exhaustion, and inactivity. Using speckle-tracking echocardiography data, we examined the cross-sectional (n=3206) and longitudinal (n=1431) associations with frailty among participants who had at least 1 measure of myocardial strain, left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS), left ventricular early diastolic strain rate and left atrial reservoir strain, and no history of cardiovascular disease or heart failure at the time of echocardiography.

Results:

In cross-sectional analyses, lower (worse) LVLS was associated with prevalent frailty; this association was robust to adjustment for left ventricular ejection fraction (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.07–1.61] per 1-SD lower strain;
P
=0.007) and left ventricular stroke volume (adjusted OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.08–1.61] per 1-SD lower strain;
P
=0.007). In longitudinal analyses, adjusted associations of LVLS and left ventricular early diastolic strain with incident frailty were 1.35 ([95% CI, 0.96–1.89]
P
=0.086) and 1.58 ([95% CI, 1.11–2.27]
P
=0.013, respectively). Participants who were frail and had the worst LVLS had a 2.2-fold increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.81–2.66];
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
In community-dwelling older adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease, worse LVLS by speckle-tracking echocardiography, reflective of subclinical myocardial dysfunction, was associated with frailty. Frailty and LVLS have an additive effect on mortality risk.