bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophthalmitis After Strabismus Surgery With a Good Visual Result
Authors: Uniat Linda M , Olk R Joseph , Kenneally Cynthia Z , Windsor Charles E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 78-year-old woman underwent recession-resection surgery for longstanding exotropia. A scleral perforation occurred at the time of surgery and was treated with transscleral retinocryopexy. Three days after surgery the patient experienced light perception vision, pain, and hypopyon. She underwent a trans pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal and periocular antibiotics. Three months after vitrectomy, visual acuity returned to the preoperative level of 20/50. Six months after vitrectomy she underwent an uneventful cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant. Visual acuity 5 months after cataract surgery was 20/20.
A New Sling Material for Ptosis Patients
Authors: Sternberg Ido , Seelenfreund Morton H , Sternberg Natan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients with poor or total absence of levator function require correction of their ptosis by a sling procedure. The aim of the procedure is to utilize the action of the frontalis muscle, innervated by the seventh nerve, to mechanically raise the droopy eyelid. The most common materials used for the sling are autogenous or preserved fascia lata and synthetic products such as nylon or dacron sutures. We introduce a new material for the sling procedure - preserved placental umbilical vein modified for the use as a sling. Two cases are presented in which this material was used with excellent results.
Transpupillary Argon Laser Cyclophotocoagulation in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Shields Steven , Stewart William C , Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven patients with glaucoma, which could not be controlled with maximum tolerable medication and standard laser techniques, underwent transpupillary argon laser cyclophotocoagulation. Only six patients (22.3%) had a successful outcome, and the postoperative course in many cases was complicated by an additional, sustained increase in intraocular pressure. Notwithstanding these results, the procedure may be useful occasionally to preclude the need for conventional glaucoma surgery.
A Surgical Technique for the Successful and Stable Reconstruction of the Totally Contracted Ocular Socket
Authors: Putterman Allen M , Karesh James W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe the successful and stable reconstruction of 47 severely contracted sockets over a 10- year period. The surgical technique employed in all these cases used a large custom-designed, C-shaped conformer wrapped with a full-thickness oral mucous membrane graft. After all cicatriciel tissue within the socket was excised, the wrapped conformer was sutured at its midperiphery to the inferior and superior orbital rims. In contrast to other procedures using flatter conformers, which direct their force in a vertical dimension, this uniquely designed conformer directs its force both vertically and deeply posteriorly within the socket. A somewhat modified but similar conformer also can be used for sockets compromised by total symblepharon formation. Excluding six patients with inadequate follow-up, we were able to successfully reform spacious and stable fomices in 40 of 41 severely contracted sockets. The average postoperative followup after reconstruction in these cases was 23.9 months. This technique represents an effective approach to successfully reconstruct and maintain stable ocular culde-sacs in cases of severe socket contracture or total symblepharon formation.
A Method of Monocanalicular Silicone Intubation
Authors: Long John A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A method for silicone intubation of a single canaliculus is described. A lacrimal stent has been crafted from a short segment of silicone tubing and a punctal plug. The distal end of the stent is fixed in the punctum with a punctal plug. The silicone stent, which is attached to the punctal plug, bridges the canalicular laceration. Because the punctal plug remains fixed in the punctum, no sutures are needed to fixate the stent to the eyelid.
A Simplified Scleral Graft Technique for Covering an Exposed Orbital Implant
Authors: Goldberg Morton F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A simplified method of covering an exposed orbital implant is presented. Donor sclera is placed between Tenon's capsule and the spherical implant without dissecting any tissue planes between the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. Technical manipulations and bleeding are thereby minimized. Preplaced absorbable sutures in the periphery of the graft are externalized and tied to the anterior surface of the conjunctiva.
Liposome-Encapsulated 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Joondeph Brian C , Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram , Yue Beatrice Y 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Liposomes, small bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipids, can entrap and thus slow the release of drugs. We investigated the use of liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antiproliferative agent, in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in an animal model. Doses of up to 1.6 mg administered intravitreally in rabbits demonstrated no retinal toxicity by histologic or electroretinographic criteria. In an experimental animal model of PVR, intravitreal injection of homologous rabbit cor· neal fibroblasts caused tractional retinal detachments in 90% of eyes after 4 weeks. The addition of 1.6 mg of liposome-encapsulated 5-FU decreased the rate of detachment to 32%, compared with 55% for 1 mg of free 5- FU. Thus, liposomal encapsulation of an antiproliferative agent such as 5-FU may be a valuable adjunct to conventional vitreous surgery in managing PVR.
The Effect of Scleral Cautery on Corneal Astigmatism in Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Bergmann Mark T , Koch Douglas D , Zeiter John H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the effect of scleral cautery on corneal astigmatism in 20 cadaver eyes using the Zeiss wetfield bipolar cautery either at or 2 mm posterior to the corneoscleral limbus. The chord of cauterized area was set at either 5.5 or 11 mm. Cautery induced net corneal steepening along the meridian of the cauterized area, and induced the greatest astigmatism when applied at the limbus. At each location the 11-mm cautery application induced less astigmatism. The majority of the astigmatic change occurred within the first 5 to 10 seconds of application. We found that scleral cautery at or 2 mm posterior to the limbus can induce extensive corneal astigmatism.
Treatment of Periorbital Molluscum contagiosum by Incision and Curettage
Authors: Gonnering Russell S , Kronish Jan W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Molluscum contagiosum, caused by a doublestranded DNA virus, is found world-wide, affecting humans as well as other primates and marsupials. In humans, a biphasic incidence occurs with peak infection rates among young children and young adults. In children, infection is spread by direct contact or through fomites, with lesions predominating on the trunk, extremities, and face. In young adults, this disease is spread primarily through sexual contact. Periocular infection can cause secondary chronic follicular conjunctivitis, superficial keratitis, and punctal occlusion. Although many modes of therapy are effective in destruction of the virus, some may have significant side effects when used in the periocular area. We describe treatment by incision and curettage, which we recommend as a simple, effective method of managing this problem.
Trabeculectomy With Resection of Ciliary Processes in Glaucoma Following Scleral Buckling
Authors: Melamed Shlomo , Frenkel Ronald , Krug Joseph H , Allingham R Rand 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case of glaucoma following scierai buckling that required filtering trabeculectomy. Despite anterior entry to the anterior chamber, swollen ciliary processes were incarcerated In the sclerostomy site, blocking aqueous How. Resection of the occluding ciliary processes resulted in restoration of aqueous flow through the sclerostomy. This case demonstrates that anterior rotation of the ciliary body and processes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma following scierai buckling operation.
An Alternative Method of Canalicular Stent Tube Placement in Lacrimal Drainage Surgery
Authors: Archer Kathleen F , Hurwitz J J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Certain situations in lacrimal drainage surgery require stent tubing: in a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) when flap anastomosis or clearance of the common internal punctum is problematic; when a common canalicular obstruction indicates a DCR and common internal punctoplasty; when a lateral common canalicular or individual canalicular obstruction indicates a canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR); in cases involving a totally obliterated canalículos and when intubating the patent canaliculus in conjunction with a DCR or CDCR.
We describe a simple and effective technique of tube placement, using silastic tubing which involves placing a silastic sleeve under direct visualization for precise tube fixation. This method has been employed successfully in 379 cases from a 5-year series of over 1,000 lacrimal drainage operations.
Implantation of a Disc Lens in the Capsular Bag
Authors: Watts Mark T , Pearce John L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a series of 65 cataract extractions with implantation of a rigid, posteriorly vaulted, disc-shaped lens in the capsular bag. Eighty-nine percent achieved 20/40 vision or better, and 54% achieved 20/20 vision or better. The lens remained well centered in all cases.
The method is described, and the practical and theoretical advantages of implantation of a lens approaching a natural shape are discussed.
Reproducibility of Determining Vitamin A Status by Impression Cytology
Authors: Wittpenn John R , Natadisastra Gantira , Mele Lisa , Sommer Alfred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Impression cytology is a simple technique for detecting vitamin A deficiency. Methods of specimen collection, fixation, and staining are amenable to use in developing countries. Routine use of the technique requires good interobserver agreement. We compared the impression cytology results of 206 patient examinations analyzed by an experienced observer with those obtained by a newly trained observer. Percent agreement measured 96% (197/206) with a kappa of 0.90, indicating excellent agreement. Further improvement in interobserver agreement may be obtainable by simplification of the staining process to highlight the presence or absence of goblet cells, and by simplification of the staging criteria.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Authors: Brady Steven E , Cohen Elisabeth J , Fischer David H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Chronic postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis has recently assumed a prominent role in the differential diagnosis of inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this entity has not yet been clearly defined. We present a case of chronic postoperative Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis in which the diagnosis was made by anterior chamber paracentesis, and topical, periocular, and systemic antibiotic therapy resolved the inflammation. Anterior chamber paracentesis for aerobic and anaerobic cultures may be an appropriate initial diagnostic step in suspected cases. While successful treatment may require surgical intervention in some cases, others may respond to antibiotic therapy alone.
Results of a Graded Relaxing Incision Technique for Post Keratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Arffa Robert C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A technique of graded relaxing incisions and compression sutures was performed for correction of post keratoplasty astigmatism in six patients who were spectacle and contact lens intolerant. Correction was achieved in all six patients after surgery, five with spectacles and one with a contact lens. Keratometric astigmatism decreased from an average of 9.63 diopters preoperative^ to 2.17 D postoperatively, a reduction of 7.46 D, or 77%. Up to 13.50 D of correction was obtained. In general, the effect of surgery progressed from 1 week to 3 months postoperatively, and regressed from 3 to 6 months. Complications included perforation in two patients, one requiring suturing and application of tissue adhesive, and graft reaction in two patients. Although the number of patients is small, it appears that this technique can successfully reduce post keratoplasty astigmatism, even in excess of 10 D.
Morbidity Following Prolonged Postoperative Hypotony After Trabeculectomy
Authors: Migdal Clive , Hitchings Roger 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The postoperative course of a series of 54 patients that had undergone primary trabeculectomy for openangle glaucoma is reviewed. Almost one third of the eyes had prolonged postoperative hypotony with an intraocular pressure <8mm Hg for more than 2 weeks. The possible significance of prolonged hypotony and choroidal effusions is discussed in relation to the final intraocular pressure and the effect on visual acuity.
Factors Associated with Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Napora Casimir , Cohen Elisabeth J , Genvert Gail I , Presson Angela C , Arentsen Juan J , Eagle Ralph C , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Familial and environmental factors may play a role in the development of conjunctiva! intraepithelial neoplasia (ClN). Nineteen patients with biopsy-proven CIN completed a questionnaire to evaluate possible predisposing factors. Nineteen age-matched and sexmatched controls completed questionnaires and received slit-lamp examinations. Factors associated with a relatively increased risk of developing CIN included exposure to petroleum products, heavy cigarette smoking, light hair and ocular pigmentation, and family origin in the British Isles, Austria or Switzerland. Non-office and nonprofessional workers were more likely to develop conjunctiva! intraepithelial neoplasia (p = .05), as were those who were not college graduates (p=.07.)
Blindness Following Blepharoplasty: Two Case Reports, and a Discussion of Management
Authors: Goldberg Robert A , Marmor Michael F , Shorr Norman , Christenbury Jonathan D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present two cases of unilateral permanent visual loss following four-eyelid blepharoplasty. Clinical and radiographic evidence suggested orbital hemorrhage was the cause of visual loss in both cases. In particular, electrophysiologic tests indicated that optic nerve dysfunction, and not retinal ischemia, was responsible for loss of vision. Timely orbital decompression is the cornerstone of managing these dramatic cases.
Temporary Conduction Block of Optic Nerve After Retrobulbar Anesthesia
Authors: Verma Lalit , Arora Ritu , Kumar Atul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients who experienced temporary visual loss after retrobulbar anesthesia with 2% lidocaine (Xylocaine) are described. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) consistently increased in latency and decreased in amplitude. Abnormal VEPs such as these recorded for humans after retrobulbar anesthesia are, to our knowledge, reported here for the first time.
Malignant Glaucoma Induced by an Intraocular Lens
Authors: Reed Janis E , Thomas John V , Lytle Robert A , Simmons Richard J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of malignant (ciliary block) glaucoma apparently induced by a large posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) is presented. The involved eye was small, with an axial length of 21.7 mm and a preoperative refractive error of +8.25 D. An uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a PC-IOL with a 7 mm optic was performed. Within 1 week postoperatively, malignant glaucoma developed, for which surgical intervention was required. We recommend avoiding implantation of PC-IOLs with large optics in certain small eyes, since these implants may be more likely than lenses with smaller optics to induce malignant glaucoma in such eyes.
Klebsiella Metastatic Endophthalmitis - A Complication of Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Kremer I , Gaton D D , Baniel J , Servadio C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 70-year-old man suffering from nephrolithiasis developed acute pyelonephritis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal stones. After 10 days, urosepsis complicated by meningitis was diagnosed, and 72 hours later he developed right panophthalmitis with perforation of the globe, which was treated by enucleation. A week later, while on cefotaxime and cefuroxime, a focal infectious process developed in the retina of the left eye's posterior pole, spreading into the vitreous and causing retinal detachment. The patient was treated by vitrectomy and retinal detachment surgery, with good anatomical results. The functional result, however, was poor. Endophthalmitis is a possible complication, though rare, of urosepsis in patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy.
A New Universal Laser Apparatus for Intra and Extraocular Irradiation Tasks in the Eye
Authors: Fankhauser Franz , Kwasniewska Sylvia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a universal laser apparatus for multipurpose clinical tasks. The main unit consists essentially of a Haag-Streit slit lamp combined with a rigidly mounted Q-switched laser. The apparatus is designed basically for performing ph otodisruptive tasks. Radiation emitted by either a pseudocontinuous cw Nd: YAG laser (with a dynamic range of 10 W) or by an air-cooled 4-W argon ion laser energy source either may be transmitted via fiber optics into the main unit or, when detached from the main unit, may be used independently. Energy emitted by the modules and transported by specialized light cables and delivery systems can be used to perform transsclera I Nd: YAG laser irradiation of the ciliary body or the choroid and retina. Probes are available for endocoagulation of the latter two by either cw Nd: YAG or argon laser light. Other probes are being developed for chorioretinotomy, internal sclerostomy, dissection of the sclera, or for other extra bul bar work. All functions are monitored and displayed by a central processor.
Long-Term Follow Up of Clear Cornea Trabeculectomy
Authors: Fahmy Iman A , Ali Moones A , Spaeth George L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the long-term results of Cairns' clear cornea "trabeculectomy" performed on the Glaucoma Service of the Wills Eye Hospital in six patients with serious glaucoma. Although postoperative pressures initially were lower in all six, these lower pressures were not maintained. Pressure in three of the patients finally was controlled only after instituting medical treatment, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in two. The operation failed in the other three, two of whom underwent further surgeries. We conclude that Cairns' clear cornea trabeculectomy, in itself, is not adequate to control intraocular pressure in cases of serious glaucoma.
Apraxia of Lid Opening in Blepharospasm
Authors: Jordan David R , Anderson Richard L , Digre Kathleen B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Apraxia of lid opening is a nonparalytic motor abnormality characterized by difficulty in initiating the act of lid elevation. It has been reported with extrapyramidal disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Shy-Drager syndrome. We found seven cases (7%) of functionally disabling apraxia of lid opening in 100 consecutive blepharospasm patients studied. It is important for physicians treating blepharospasm to be aware of the association between these two visually debilitating disorders.
Thermal Side Reactions During In Vitro Contact Cyclophotocoagulation With the Continuous Wave Nd: YAG Laser
Authors: Stolzenburg Silvia , Kresse Steffen , Müller-Stolzenburg Norbert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the effects of continuous wave Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the ciliary body and sclera of enucleated porcine eyes produced by two means of transmission: contact coagulations via a quartz fiber (core 600 µm), and noncontact coagulations via a focussing handpiece. Application times ranged from 10 ms to 1.5 seconds. During contact coagulations using plane fiber tips the temperature at the fiber tip, due to deposits of carbonized tissue, sometimes increased markedly, increasing the risk of perforation. Clinical application of the contact method using plain fiber tips is not recommended.
Unsuspected Paperboard-Endophthalmitis in Ruptured Eye
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Pavilack Mark A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The eye of a 3-year-old boy was directly exposed to the explosion of an M-80 firecracker which he had been holding in his hand. The cornea and lens were ruptured. Although not evident on an initial CT scan, pathologic examination revealed a paperboard foreign body lodged in the vitreous. This paperboard, rather than the burnt powder, was likely the central focus of the subacute endophthalmitis that developed.
Anterior Eyewall Perforation During Subconjunctival Cataract Block
Authors: Yanoff Myron , Redovan Edward G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A patient was given a new type of subconjunctival block in preparation for cataract surgery. During the insertion of the needle subconjunctival^, the anterior eyewall was inadvertently perforated, resulting in a tiny retinal tear and focal retinal detachment. The cataract surgery, including intraocular lens implantation, was carried out without further problems. The retinal tear and tiny detachment were repaired the next day by argon laser photocoagulation. The visual result was excellent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anterior eyewall perforation occurring with the use of this new subconjunctival anesthetic block.
Enhancing Filtration in the Early Postoperative Trabeculectomy Refractory to Digital Massage
Authors: Parrow Kyle A , Shin Dong H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Digital massage often can be used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) after trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. However, occasionally filtration, and thus IOP reduction, is refractory to massage. We present a pressurelowering technique in which focal pressure is applied adjacent to the trabeculectomy flap firmly enough to indent the sclera and induce bleb formation.
Keratoconus After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Rubinfeld Roy S , Traboulsi Elias I , Arentsen Juan J , Eagle Ralph C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Signs of keratoconus, including Munson's sign, apical thinning, and Vogt's striae, developed in a 41-year-old woman 6 years after successful penetrating keratoplasty. Screening donor corneas for ectatic diseases may prevent such occurrences.
Suture Patterns and Corneal Graft Rotation in the Cadaver Eye
Authors: Au Yue-Kong , Mahjoub Salah B , Hart John C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Torque and antitorque running sutures as described by Eisner are commonly used in penetrating keratoplasty. We tested the rotational effect of three different 16-bite running suture patterns on eight cadaver eyes, with the following results: (1) the torque pattern rotates the corneal graft counterclockwise by 0.7 ±0.1 mm at the wound or 11°; (2) the antitorque pattern rotates the corneal graft clockwise by 0.7 ±0.1 mm at the wound or 11°; /3) an intermediate "no torque" pattern, the bites of which form an isosceles triangle, produces no rotational effect. We recommend the use of a "no torque" pattern to minimize corneal graft rotation.