bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oribatida v1.3 Family of Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Schemes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arghya , López Cuauhtemoc Mancillas , List Eik , Nandi Mridul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Permutation-based modes have been established for lightweight authenticated encryption, as can be seen from the high interest in the ongoing NIST lightweight competition. However, their security is upper bounded by O(σ
2/2
c
) bits, where σ are the number of calls and c is the hidden capacity of the state. The development of more schemes that provide higher security bounds led to the CHES’18 proposal Beetle that raised the bound to O(rσ/2
c
), where r is the public rate of the state.
While authenticated encryption can be performed in an on-line manner, authenticated decryption assumes that the resulting plaintext is buffered and never released if the corresponding tag is incorrect. Since lightweight devices may lack the resources for buffering, additional robustness guarantees, such as integrity under release of unverified plaintexts (Int-RUP), are desirable. In this stronger setting, the security of the established schemes, including Beetle, is limited by O(qpqd
/2
c
), where qd
is the maximal number of decryption queries, and qp
that of off-line primitive queries, which motivates novel approaches.
This work proposes Oribatida, a permutation-based AE scheme that derives s-bit masks from previous permutation outputs to mask ciphertext blocks. Oribatida can provide a security bound of O(rσ
2/
c+s
), which allows smaller permutations for the same level of security. It provides a security level dominated by

O
(

σ
d
2

/
2

c

)

O(\sigma_d^2{/2^c})

under Int-RUP adversaries, which eliminates the dependency on primitive queries. We prove its security under nonce-respecting and Int-RUP adversaries. We show that our Int-RUP bound is tight and show general attacks on previous constructions.
Transforming a clerkship with telemedicine
Authors: Bhatia Ravnit Kaur , Cooley Danielle , Collins Philip B. , Caudle Jennifer , Coren Joshua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an overwhelming impact on both clinical practices and learning environments. On March 17th, 2020, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine and Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation issued a statement recommending a “pause” in medical student participation in-person at clinical sites. In response, the Family Medicine Department at the Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine recognized the need to evolve the traditional curriculum and quickly transitioned to an online format, incorporating telemedicine into the clerkship. This new model enabled 44 third-year medical students to obtain high-quality, offsite, virtual education and learn new skills.
An Analysis of Predictive Factors for the Conversion from Premature Thelarche into Complete Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Zhu Shun-Ye , Du Min-Lian , Huang Ting-Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim: To determine the predictive factors for the conversion of premature thelarche (PT) into complete central precocious puberty (CCPP) in girls. Design: Prospective. Methods: One hundred and fifty-one girls with PT referred consecutively for evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data. Results: Twenty-one and a half percent of girls with PT converted into CCPP at a chronological age of 7.1 ± 0.7 years and bone age of 9.0 ± 1.1 years. Using logistic regression analysis, longitudinal diameter of uterus (OR = 1.215), Tanner breast stage at the time of first physical examination (OR = 3.334) 'and regression of breast development (OR= 3.921) were the most significant variables predicting the conversion from PT into CCPP. Compared with the nonconverted group, the converted groups had larger breast size at the time of diagnosis (z = 2.077, p = 0.038). A total of 69.5% (105/151) of patients experienced complete regression of breast development, 13.2% (14/105) of whom converted into CCPP; 21.5% (31/151) of patients had recurrent breast development, 32.3% (10/31) of whom converted into CCPP; 10% (15/151) of patients had constant breast development, 56.7% (7/15) of whom converted into CCPP, with the highest rate among the three breast development categories (x2 = 12.23, p = 0.002). Conclusion: PT is not often a self-limited condition and may sometimes convert into CCPP. The predictive factors for conversion were related to estrogen exposure including longitudinal diameter of the uterus, Tanner breast stage at the first consultation and the regressive categories of breast development.
Propylthiouracil Associated Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in Patients with Childhood Onset Graves' Disease
Authors: Panamonta Ouypom , Sumethkue Vasant , Radinahmed Piyanuth , Laopaiboon Malinee , Kirdpon Wichitr 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Propylthiouracil (PTU) can induce anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) positive vasculitis. We performed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of MPO-ANCA in patients with childhood onset Graves' disease (GD) receiving PTU and to assess the relationship between ANCA and clinical manifestations of vasculitis. We studied 60 patients (59 girls and one boy) between 7.3 and 25.0 years of age (mean ± SD, 14.71 ± 4.49). GD, diagnosed at the age of 3.0 to 14.5 years (11.3 ± 2.48), was designated as: newly diagnosed, on PTU therapy, and after PTU discontinuation in 4, 50 and 6 patients, respectively. Manifestations of vasculitis were noted and the patients were tested for MPOANCA, antinuclear antibodies, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urine analysis. Twentysix patients (43.3%) reacted positively for MPOANCA, 23 were on PTU therapy (0.42 to 6.00, median 3.00 years) and three had discontinued PTU. There were 34 (56.7%) ANCA-negative patients and 27 patients on PTU therapy (0.25 to 5.17, median 1.00 years, p = 0.012). Vasculitis presented in 16 patients (26.7%), all of whom were receiving PTU at the time of the study. The percentage of vasculitis among MPO-ANCA positive patients was 27.6% more than in the negative group, p = 0.017. PTU was discontinued in patients with vasculitis and positive for MPO-ANCA. Our findings show a high prevalence of MPO-ANCA positivity and a significantly higher percentage of vasculitis among these patients, suggesting that patients taking PTU should be closely observed for the appearance of MPOANCA and signs of vasculitis, especially patients GD who have been treated for a long time.
Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exu hera®) Compared to Subcutaneous Insulin in Children Ages 6 to 11 Years with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a 3-Month, Randomized, Parallel Trial
Authors: White Neil H. , Quattrin Teresa , Aubin Lisa B. St. , Duggan William T. , England Richard D. , Fryburg Julie S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of Exubera® (EXU) with subcutaneous (SC) insulin in children, ages 6-11 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Design and Methods: 121 children were randomized to receive EXU or SC insulin, plus intermediate/ long-acting insulin for 12 weeks. Change in HbA1c was the primary efficacy endpoint. Results: Decreases from baseline HbA1c were comparable between treatment groups ( difference between adjusted mean decrease from baseline [EXU - SC insulin], -0.23 [95% CI, -0.49, 0.03]). Differences between groups on pulmonary function tests were small and not significant. Mild to moderate cough occurred in 24.6% of EXU versus 6.8% of SC insulin patients. The risk for hypoglycemia was comparable between EXU and SC insulin (relative risk 0.88 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.11]). Increased insulin antibodies with EXU were not associated with clinical findings. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety profiles shown in this study are the foundation for further investigation of EXU in this population.
Association between the number of pulls and adverse neonatal/maternal outcomes in vacuum-assisted delivery
Authors: Kamijo Kyosuke , Shigemi Daisuke , Nakajima Mikio , Kaszynski Richard H , Ohira Satoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the association between the number of pulls during vacuum-assisted deliver and neonatal and maternal complications.

Methods
This was a single-center observational study using a cohort of pregnancies who underwent vacuum-assisted delivery from 2013 to 2020. We excluded pregnancies transitioning to cesarean section after a failed attempt at vacuum-assisted delivery. The number of pulls to deliver the neonate was categorized into 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 pulls. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between the number of pulls and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and maternal composite outcome (severe perineal laceration, cervical laceration, transfusion, and postpartum hemorrhage ≥500 mL).

Results
We extracted 480 vacuum-assisted deliveries among 7,321 vaginal deliveries. The proportion of pregnancies receiving 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 pulls were 51.9, 28.3, 10.8, and 9.0%, respectively. The crude prevalence of NICU admission with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 pulls were 10.8, 16.2, 15.4, and 27.9%, respectively. The prevalence of NICU admission, amount of postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum hemorrhage ≥500 mL were significantly different between the four groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found the prevalence of NICU admission in the ≥4 pulls group was significantly higher compared with the 1 pull group (adjusted odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–7.8). In contrast, maternal complications were not significantly associated with the number of pulls.

Conclusions
Vacuum-assisted delivery with four or more pulls was significantly associated with an increased risk of NICU admission. However, the number of pulls was not associated with maternal complications.
Predicate derivations in Thulung
Authors: Lahaussois Aimée 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, I describe a subset of complex predicates in Thulung (Kiranti, Nepal) which I call “predicate derivations” (after Post, Mark. 2010. Predicate derivations in the Tani languages: root, suffix, both or neither? In Mark Post & Stephen Morey (eds.), North East Indian linguistics, 175–197. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press India). I argue that these constructions in Thulung are built on grammaticalized elements that can be synchronically considered to be derivational. I focus on their morphology, placing it within the context of simplex verbs, and highlighting certain features – multiple exponence, allomorphy of the derivational suffixes similar to that of simplex verbs – which suggest strongly a development from serial verb constructions. I discuss their functions, which cover valence changes, as well as the marking of associated motion and aspect/Aktionsart. Complex predicates are seen as a feature of South Asian languages, but the types found in Tibeto-Burman languages appear to be quite different, morphologically, from what is found in Indo-Aryan or Dravidian languages. This article therefore represents a language-specific description as a contribution to cross-linguistic research on the topic.
Genocide in Kashmir and the United Nations Failure to Invoke Responsibility to Protect (R2P): Causes and Consequences
Authors: Hussain Mehmood , Mehmood Sumara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The member states of the United Nations General Assembly in 2005 unanimously adopted the resolution on Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to save citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Since adoption, the norm has been invoked in Libya, South Sudan, Yemen, and Syria, nonetheless, the UN refrains to respond to the genocide committed in the Jammu & Kashmir and triggering a greater sense of anxiety. In this context, the present paper elucidates the factors behind the UN failure. It asks why the UN failed to call R2P despite systematic crimes against humanity in Kashmir. What factors or forces preclude the UN to invoke R2P? The paper argues that the inability of the UN to invoke R2P is a consequence of systemic and domestic factors. The Indo-US strategic partnership, materialism, and New Delhi’s influence in the international system are obstructing the UN’s ability to play a decisive role. Meanwhile, the economic and military potential of India and its regional influence forbid the international community to dissuade India not to commit genocide in Jammu & Kashmir. So the high politics of materialism and national interests override the norm of human rights and humanity.
Crystal structure of ethyl (E)-5-(((3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate — ethanol (1/1), C38H45N5O5
Authors: Gao Xiao-Li , Jia Shu-Shu , Su Rui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C38H45N5O5, triclinic, P

1
‾

(no. 2), a = 11.3541(16) Å, b = 12.1833(17) Å, c = 14.409(2) Å, α = 68.240(2)°, β = 76.613(3)°, γ = 88.873(3)°, V = 1796.0(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0620, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2023, T = 296 K.
The State of Globality in a (Post)-COVID World
Authors: Steger Manfred B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article assesses the current state of globality in light of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. It opens with a concise survey of influential meanings and uses of “globality” in extant global studies literature. Offering clarifications and definitions of two pertinent keywords – “globality” and “globalization” – this overview provides a careful conceptual delineation of these two concepts as a prerequisite for determining their causal relation: globalization (the process) shapes globality (the condition). It is argued that the widening disjunctures and cleavages among the major globalization dynamics are transforming the hitherto dominant form of globality. Yielding a plausible response to the crucial question of how globality itself has been transformed by globalization, the clarification of the major structural dynamics linking the disjunctive processes of space-time compression to the restructuring of the mutable condition of worldwide interconnectedness facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the current state of globality. The article ends with a brief speculation on the future of globality and the prospects for overcoming the negative social impacts of disjunctive globalization.
Civil Society and COVID-19 in Hungary: The Complete Annexation of Civil Space
Authors: Kövér Ágnes , Antal Attila , Deák Izabella 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper examines the CSOs – government relations during the COVID-19 pandemic, first introducing how the pandemic affected the already authoritarian regime in Hungary and how this regime utilized the epidemic to extend and fortify its power. Then the paper presents the antecedents of the relationship between civil society and government in the frame of the National System of Cooperation (NSC). This relationship is unilaterally dominated by the government, and it may appear as a “4C strategy”: Cooptation, Coercion, Crowding out, Creation (the creation of a new, loyal civil society). Exploring the civil society and government relations during the pandemic, the study will conclude that there was no government attempt to coordinate the activities of CSOs or to try to harmonize sectoral cooperation from a broader perspective. The occurrences demonstrated the explosion of solidarity and the carnival of solidarity. These forms of solidarity, however, remain informal and leave deepening structural problems untouched. The paper presents the results of an empirical research which was conducted between March and September of 2020. The nodal points of the research include the resilience and flexibility of the organizations, their efforts to assist during the emergency and lockdown, as well as the issues of networking and the nature of their relations with the national and local authorities.
Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Applications
Authors: Ott J. , Burghardt A. , Britz D. , Majauskaite S. , Mücklich F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work will present possibilities for the characterization of copper powder green bodies and sintered copper microstructures during pressureless sintering. The introduction of new parameters to microstructural characterization based on qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis will facilitate the systematic optimization of the sintering process. As a result of the specific evaluation of the microstructure evolution, conventional isothermal sintering could be successfully replaced by multi-step temperature profiles, thus achieving sintering densities of more than 99 % by simultaneously reducing process time. This systematic optimization of the sintering process of Cu through specific microstructural analysis may now be applied to sinter-based manufacturing technologies such as Binder Jetting and Metal Powder Injection Moulding, enabling the manufacture of complex and highly conductive Cu parts for applications in electronics.
Phase Identification in Multi-Phase Cu-Zn/Cu-Al Alloys with Macroscopic Concentration Gradients
Authors: Kaaden T. , Rettenmayr M. , Lippmann S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study concentration invariant phase transitions in Cu-Zn-Al alloys which occur in a very narrow concentration range samples with concentration gradients were produced. Cylinders made of brass and Cu-Al bronze were joined by diffusion bonding and subsequently annealed. The samples exhibit multi-phase regions (α, β, γ1, martensite) with changing compositions and very different chemical properties. Standard techniques for the metallographic preparation of Cu alloys usually target specific phases within limited concentration ranges. To evaluate the microstructure, a two-stage chemical etching method using sodium hydroxide solution and subsequent selective colour etching was successfully used to gain an overview of the phases present in different areas along the concentration gradient. For the characterization of martensite, its birefringent optical properties were utilized. In polarized light, details of the martensitic structure are revealed which would otherwise only be accessible by scanning electron methods.
Gamma Prime Solutioning Tests of Alloy 247 Specimens
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Giller M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strictly speaking, this contribution is not about a case study in failure analysis. However, the investigation described herein was inspired by a failure case. A heavyduty gas turbine engine used in a power and desalination plant in the Middle East experienced creep damage and cracking in some of its row 4 turbine blades after only some 15,000 operating hours. Microstructural alterations detrimental to the creep strength of the alloy were determined to be the metallurgical root cause of the failure. It was believed that said microstructural alterations were brought about by unusual transient operating conditions in engine service. Heat treatment tests were ordered to verify or disprove this hypothesis. It was established that the peculiar gamma prime morphology found in the failed blades can be produced by very high solutioning temperatures and subsequent rapid cooling. Such conditions in engine service are conceivable if sufficient unburnt fuel enters the turbine and ignites downstream of the combustion chamber (high temperature), and if water used in fuel line purging is injected into the turbine section immediately thereafter (rapid cooling). Solutioning above 1240 °C, followed by a water quench, produced said mono-modal fine γ' morphology.
Roll-over-web coating analysis of micropolar-Casson fluid: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Khaliq Sabeeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The theoretical model of micropolar-Casson fluid is studied in roll-coating over a moving substrate based on the lubrication theory. Closed-form solutions for the velocity, pressure gradient, and microrotation are attained, while a numerical technique employed to compute interesting engineering variables such as pressure, roll-separating force, separating point, and power input. The influence of involved parameters on the physical and engineering quantities are displayed via graphs and table. The coupling number (N) and viscoplastic parameter (β) provide the controlling mechanism for the exit sheet thickness, separating force, and power input. Also, the pressure gradient and pressure profile in the nip region enhances for large values of coupling number (N) whereas the viscoplastic parameter (β) gives the opposite behavior.
Technology supporting green chemistry in chemical education
Authors: Nalley E. Ann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changes in technology have affected the way we teach, the way students learn and the way chemical research is conducted. Rapid changes in technology have greatly improved laboratory instrumentation, data collection and treatment and have greatly enabled Green Chemistry. This chapter will trace the career of a 4-year college professor who began teaching as a high school teacher in the sixties and transcended to the collegiate level. She will describe how changes in technology changed the way we teach chemistry and how this has enabled us to introduce green chemistry at all levels to our students. This chapter will highlight changes in technology which have enabled educators both in teaching chemistry labs and conducting research to employ green chemistry.
Horne Safety in the UK-A Review of the Influence of Human and Housing Factors
Authors: Onnandy David , Moore Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Injuries and deaths from home accidents are a major public health problem. This paper describes how data on housing characteristics were matched with dwelling-related mortality and injuries data. As no single database provided sufficient accurate data on housing and occupiers, this task involved identifying data-sets to create and validate a Housing and Population Database, which was matched with various data-sets on injuries and fatalities that are associated with the home. Taking account of both frequency of accidents and severity of outcomes, analyses of the matched data showed the true rank order of type of home accidents. Also investigated was whether one age group was more vulnerable to a particular type of accident and the relation between different types of accidents and the age and type of dwelling. A literature review was carried out to look at the relation between the design and condition of dwelling features and accidents and between human behavior and accidents. The results showed that little work has been done in most areas on the different degrees of the contribution made by human behavior and building conditions. Even though more focused research would be useful, preventative actions could reduce the scale oft he problem.