bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic inference of the structure and orbit of Milky Way satellites with semi-analytic modelling
Authors: Folsom Dylan , Slone Oren , Lisanti Mariangela , Jiang Fangzhou , Kaplinghat Manoj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Semi-analytic modelling furnishes an efficient avenue for characterizing dark matter haloes associated with satellites of Milky Way-like systems, as it easily accounts for uncertainties arising from halo-to-halo variance, the orbital disruption of satellites, baryonic feedback, and the stellar-to-halo mass (SMHM) relation. We use the SatGen semi-analytic satellite generator, which incorporates both empirical models of the galaxy–halo connection as well as analytic prescriptions for the orbital evolution of these satellites after accretion onto a host to create large samples of Milky Way-like systems and their satellites. By selecting satellites in the sample that match observed properties of a particular dwarf galaxy, we can infer arbitrary properties of the satellite galaxy within the cold dark matter paradigm. For the Milky Way’s classical dwarfs, we provide inferred values (with associated uncertainties) for the maximum circular velocity $v_\text{max}$ and the radius $r_\text{max}$ at which it occurs, varying over two choices of baryonic feedback model and two prescriptions for the SMHM relation. While simple empirical scaling relations can recover the median inferred value for $v_\text{max}$ and $r_\text{max}$, this approach provides realistic correlated uncertainties and aids interpretability. We also demonstrate how the internal properties of a satellite’s dark matter profile correlate with its orbit, and we show that it is difficult to reproduce observations of the Fornax dwarf without strong baryonic feedback. The technique developed in this work is flexible in its application of observational data and can leverage arbitrary information about the satellite galaxies to make inferences about their dark matter haloes and population statistics.
Dusty substructures induced by planets in ALMA discs: how dust growth and dynamics changes the picture
Authors: Ziampras Alexandros , Sudarshan Prakruti , Dullemond Cornelis P , Flock Mario , Berta Vittoria , Nelson Richard P , Mignone Andrea 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary discs exhibit a rich variety of substructure in millimeter continuum emission, often attributed to unseen planets. As these planets carve gaps in the gas, dust particles can accumulate in the resulting pressure bumps, forming bright features in the dust continuum. We investigate the role of dust dynamics in the gap-opening process with 2D radiation hydrodynamics simulations of planet–disc interaction and a two-population dust component modelled as a pressureless fluid. We consider the opacity feedback and backreaction due to drag forces as mm grains accumulate in pressure bumps at different stages of dust growth. We find that dust dynamics can significantly affect the resulting substructure driven by the quasi-thermal-mass planet with $M_\mathrm{p}/M_\star =10^{-4}$. Opacity feedback causes non-axisymmetric features to become more compact in azimuth, whereas the drag-induced backreaction tends to dissolve non-axisymmetries. For our fiducial model, this results in multiple concentric rings of dust rather than the expected vortices and corotating dust clumps found in models without dust feedback. A higher coagulation fraction disproportionately enhances the effect of dust opacity feedback, favouring the formation of crescents rather than rings. Our results suggest that turbulent diffusion is not always necessary to explain the rarity of observed non-axisymmetric features, and that incorporating dust dynamics is vital for interpreting the observed substructure in protoplanetary discs. We also describe and test the implementation of the publicly available dust fluid module in the pluto code.
Passive thermal management system for electric-hybrid vehicles—hot climate condition
Authors: Şahan Nurten , Paksoy Halime 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To achieve net-zero emissions targets, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are prioritized for reducing CO₂ emissions in transportation. Among the available battery systems, lithium-based batteries are the most prominent due to their high energy storage density. The primary safety risk in lithium-ion batteries is thermal instability caused by overheating. Battery capacity drops significantly at operating temperatures &gt;45°C. At higher temperatures, the battery undergoes thermal decomposition, and once it reaches a critical temperature, it enters an irreversible state of thermal instability, which can lead to an explosion. In our previous study, we developed flexible phase-change material (PCM) packages for passive thermal energy storage of heat from lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles/electric vehicles, extending battery life and ensuring safety. In this paper, we present the results of applying these PCM packages under hot climate conditions. The test results show that both paraffin and composite PCMs can maintain lower temperatures compared to battery modules without PCM, ensuring safe operation. The PCM composite, which includes highly conductive materials, demonstrated better thermal performance than paraffin alone.
Cell-free tumor DNA analysis in advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients: mutation frequencies, testing intention, and clinical impact
Authors: Huebner Hanna , Wimberger Pauline , Laakmann Elena , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Ruebner Matthias , Lehle Sarah , Uhrig Sabrina , Ziegler Philipp , Link Theresa , Hack Carolin C , Belleville Erik , Faull Iris , Hausch Marcus , Wallwiener Diethelm , Schneeweiss Andreas , Tesch Hans , Brucker Sara Y , Beckmann Matthias W , Fasching Peter A , Müller Volkmar , Fehm Tanja N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a non-invasive approach for assessing somatic alterations. The German PRAEGNANT registry study aims to explore molecular biomarkers and investigate their integration into clinical practice. In this context, ctDNA testing was included to understand the motivations of clinicians to initiate testing, to identify somatic alterations, and to assess the clinical impact of the results obtained.

Methods
Patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer were prospectively enrolled in the Prospective Academic Translational Research Network for the Optimization of Oncological Health Care Quality in the Adjuvant and Advanced/Metastatic Setting (PRAEGNANT study; NCT02338167). The FDA-approved and CE-marked GUARDANT360 CDx test was used to assess somatic alterations. A ctDNA-analysis report was provided to the treating physician along with a questionnaire about the intent for testing and the clinical implications of test results.

Results
ctDNA from 49 patients was analyzed prospectively: 37 (76%) had at least one somatic alteration in the analyzed geneset; 14 patients (29%) harbored alterations in TP53, 12 (24%) in PIK3CA, and 6 (12%) in ESR1. Somatic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were detected in 3 (6%) and 4 (8%) patients, respectively, and 59% of patients had hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Questionnaires regarding test intentions and clinical impact were completed for 48 (98%) patients. These showed that ctDNA testing influenced treatment decisions for 35% of patients.

Discussion
The high prevalence of somatic alterations in TP53, PIK3CA, ESR1, and BRCA1/2 genes, identified by ctDNA genotyping, highlights their potential as biomarkers for targeted therapies. Detection of specific mutations affected treatment decisions, such as eligibility for alpelisib, and might further facilitate treatment with e.g. elacestrant or capiversatib in future treatment lines.
The spectrometer development of CosmoCube, lunar orbiting satellite to detect 21-cm hydrogen signal from cosmic dark ages
Authors: Artuc Kaan , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The cosmic Dark Ages represent a pivotal epoch in the evolution of the Universe, marked by the emergence of the first cosmic structures under the influence of dark matter. The 21-cm hydrogen line, emanating from the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen, serves as a critical probe into this era. We describe the development and implementation of the spectrometer for CosmoCube, a novel lunar orbiting CubeSat designed to detect the redshifted 21-cm signal within the redshift range of 13 to 150. Our instrumentation utilizes a Xilinx Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC), which integrates both Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), tailored for the spectrometer component of the radiometer. This system is characterized by a 4096 FFT length at 62.5 kHz steps using a Polyphase Filter Bank (PFB), achieving an average Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) of 11.5 bits throughout the frequency of interest, from 10 to 100 MHz. The spectrometer design is further refined through loopback tests involving both DAC and ADC of the RFSoC, with DAC outputs varying between high (+1 dBm) and low (−3 dBm) power modes to characterize system performance. The power consumption was optimized to 5.45 W using three ADCs and one DAC for the radiometer. Additionally, the stability of the ADC noise floor was investigated in a thermal chamber with environmental temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 $^{\circ }$C. A consistent noise floor of approximately −152.5 dBFS/Hz was measured, with a variation of $\pm$0.2 dB, ensuring robust performance under varying thermal conditions.
Telescope arrays for wide-field sky surveys. A technical assessment and a cost model
Authors: Buzzoni Alberto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In this study we tackled a proxy approach to wide-field large monolithic telescopes in terms of composite assembly of smaller instruments. As a conveniently ‘fast’ f-number is the ultimate parameter to efficiently carry out inspection of large portions of sky, we show that a telescope array can provide a cost-effective solution, as a factor of $\sqrt N $ reduced f-number can be achieved when combining N (similar) telescopes, each of diameter darray, to synthesize an equivalent monolithic diameter ${D}_{\rm{mono}} = \sqrt N {d}_{\rm {array}}$. A cost model is developed, in this regard, by comparing the COTS figures for telescopes up to a metric size as supplied by primary international manufacturers. If a standard cost versus diameter relationship is assumed, in the form C∝Dn, then data indicate that n = 2.5 ± 0.4. In addition, a more realistic multiparametric dependence is assumed, including the f-number, in the form $C \propto {( {{{{D}^3} {/ {\vphantom {{{D}^3} f}}} f}} )}^m$, with m = 0.70 ± 0.08. This eventually leads us to estimate that cost of the optical tube assembly (OTA) for commercial telescopes scales as C∝D2.10 ± 0.24f−0.70 ± 0.08. Even considering the supplementary addition of CCD/CMOS detectors for a telescope array, a general saving scheme confirms that any array solution with N ≥ 4 telescopes, each with a diameter in excess to 30–40 cm, could be a competitive alternative to a bigger monolithic instrument of metric class (or larger), mainly aimed at wide-field surveys.
Associations between Klotho levels, and KL-VS Heterozygosity and Cognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Majumdar Vijaya , Chakrobarty Prosenjeet , Arasappa Rashmi , Murugesh K , Hegde Shanthala , Jose Amrutha , Manjunath N K , Dharmappa Arpitha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The relationship between Klotho and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia has been scarcely explored, with a few paradoxical findings. Hence, we aimed to enhance the understanding of the same by testing associations both for the functional KL-VS gene variant and circulating protein levels.

Research design
This case-control study included 239 healthy controls and 241 patients with schizophrenia, who were comprehensively characterised by neurocognitive tests and further subtyped into cognitive clusters; cognitively deficient and cognitively spared, using K-means cluster analysis. Heterozygotes for the KL-VS haplotype were compared with non-carriers using linear regression models to assess the main effect of the KL-VS heterozygosity (KL-VSHet+)/KL levels and with the interaction terms to understand the influence of variables like disease status and age, on cognition.

Results
There was no main effect of KL-VSHet+ on cognitive domains, but the CD cluster exhibited strong negative interactions between SZ status and Klotho for executive function at the gene level, KL-VSHet+ x disease status, β=-0.61, P=0.043, and comparatively higher effect for KL levels, KL levels x disease status, β=-0.91, P=0.028. There was an opposing positive interaction for response inhibition, KL-VSHet+ x disease status, limited again to the CD cluster, β= 0.35, P=0.046, with a higher magnitude at protein levels, β=0.72, &lt;0.004, though without CD cluster-effect.

Conclusions
Overall, these dissociable patterns of association across cognitive subtypes indicate the need to exert caution over accepting any generalized effect of KL-VS heterozygosity and Klotho levels on cognition and considering the plausible population- and domain-specific effects for clinical decisions.
Effect of hempseed meal on health, growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and carcass traits of intact male goats
Authors: Ale Khim B , Abrahamsen Frank W , Goetsch Arthur L , Sawyer Jason T , Bolden-Tiller Olga , Okere Chukwuemeka , Gurung Reshma , Chaudhary Santosh , Gurung Nar K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hempseed meal (HSM) is a potential alternative feedstuff for livestock due to its high protein content, but it has not been approved for animal feed in the United States due to safety concerns. This study was conducted to determine the effects of HSM on feed intake, growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal papillae morphology, ruminal fermentation profiles, and carcass characteristics of intact male goats. Thirty-six Boer × Spanish intact male goats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets (n = 9 goats/diet): 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM on as-fed basis. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and fed free-choice for ad libitum consumption in the 60-day experiment. Linear and quadratic effects of different concentrations of HSM were determined. Total feed intake, crude protein intake, ruminal papillae morphology (papillae density, length, width, absorptive surface area, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum thickness), carcass traits (longissimus muscle area, body wall thickness, backfat thickness, shrink percentage), and serum concentrations of most metabolites were similar among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Intake of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing inclusion of HSM in the diet. Average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio, and dressing percentage decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with an increasing percentage of HSM in the diet. Similarly, concentrations of propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric, and isovaleric acids in ruminal fluid decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with an increasing percentage of HSM in diet, whereas concentration of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid tended to decrease linearly (P-value nearly 0.10) with an increasing percentage of HSM in diet. The level of blood urea nitrogen increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing concentration of HSM, but values were within the normal range for goats. Findings from the serum metabolite analysis and ruminal papillae morphometrics suggest that goats can be fed HSM at a concentration of up to 30% in their diet. However, growth performance results indicate that further cost-benefit analysis is required to compare HSM with other commonly used protein sources such as soybean meal. These findings will be useful for legal bodies to review during the approval process of HSM as a feed ingredient for goats in the United States.
Expert consensus recommendations on dermoscopy proficiency standards for physician assistants: results of a modified Delphi survey
Authors: Young Peter A. , Middleton Hayden T. , Griffith Cynthia F. , Froiland Christi , Keeter Nicole , Sanders Kim B. , DiRuggiero Douglas , Bae Gordon H. , Pettey Adam A. , Mostaghimi Arash , Swanson David L. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Nelson Kelly C. , McCleskey Patrick E. , Seiverling Elizabeth V. 
Published: December 2024

Importance:
Dermoscopy is increasingly recognized by skin cancer experts and professional leaders as an essential skill for physicians in dermatology and primary care. A substantial number of patients in both settings also receive care from physician assistants (PAs), who provide additional opportunities to evaluate patients with concerning skin lesions. Earning dermatology-specific credentials from the National Commission on Certification for PAs requires passing a written exam with dermoscopic content, and 77% of practicing PAs (all specialties) believe dermoscopy should be a standard element of their formal education. No published studies have identified precise learning objectives that would represent appropriate foundational proficiency in dermoscopy for PAs.

Objective:
We sought to identify common diagnoses with distinct dermoscopic features and delineate which of these represent appropriate proficiency expectations for early-career PAs in primary care and dermatology.

Design, setting, and participants:
A panel of 14 dermoscopists was assembled (8 dermatologists; 6 PAs), reflecting contributors to existing consensus statements on physician dermoscopy proficiency benchmarks, dermatologist-recommended competencies for PAs, and/or standardized test content for dermatology PAs. Panelists completed a modified Delphi consensus process involving electronic surveys and roundtable discussions.

Main outcomes and measures:
Consensus on which specific dermoscopic diagnoses reflect appropriate foundational proficiency expectations for PAs in both primary care and dermatology.

Results:
Twelve of 14 panelists (86%) reported using dermoscopy for over 12 years (mean: 15.5 y). All panelists completed 2 iterations of an electronic survey regarding 54 diagnoses, with 39 (72%) reaching a final consensus for inclusion in PA curricula and 15 (28%) being identified as non-priority items for early-career PAs. Panelists recommended 14 conditions for primary care PAs and 25 conditions for dermatology PAs.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Consensus achieved in this modified Delphi process identified diagnoses that represent pragmatic learning objectives to achieve foundational proficiency in dermoscopy for PAs in both primary care and dermatology. This list of validated objectives provides a consensus-based guide to help educators, supervising physicians, and professional leaders to cultivate specialty-appropriate dermoscopic proficiency among early-career PAs.
SeuratIntegrate: an R package to facilitate the use of integration methods with Seurat
Authors: Specque Florian , Barré Aurélien , Nikolski Macha , Chalopin Domitille 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMotivationIntegrating multiple datasets has become an increasingly common task in scRNA-seq analysis. The advent of single-cell atlases adds further complexity to this task, as they often involve combining data with complex, nested batch effects - such as those arising from multiple studies, organs or disease states. Accurate data integration is essential to distinguish cell types with sufficient granularity, thereby reflecting true biological patterns, and to create reliable reference datasets for the community. In this context, the latest version of Seurat (v5) introduced a multi-layered object structure to facilitate the integration of scRNA-seq datasets in a unified manner. However, the panel of available batch-correction methods remains limited to five algorithms within Seurat, restricting users from accessing a broader diversity of available tools, particularly Python-based methods. Furthermore, no existing R tool assists the user in making an informed decision in selecting the most appropriate integration approach.ResultsTo overcome these challenges, we developed SeuratIntegrate, an open source R package that extends Seurat’s functionality. SeuratIntegrate supports eight integration methods, incorporating both R- and Python-based tools, and enables performance evaluation of integration through several scoring methods. This functionality allows for a more versatile and informed integration process.AvailabilitySeuratIntegrate is available athttps://github.com/cbib/Seurat-Integrate/. The package is released under the MIT License.
Strain-based biomarkers at the skin surface differentiate asymmetries in soft tissue mobility associated with myofascial pain
Authors: Kao Anika R. , Loghmani M. Terry , Gerling Gregory J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveSoft tissue manipulation is used widely to assess myofascial tissue qualitatively but lacks objective measures. To quantify the mobility of myofascial tissue, this effort derives optical biomarkers from the skin surface, as observed in the hands-on workflow of clinicians.MethodsDigital image correlation using three high-resolution cameras captures the cervicothoracic region as a clinician deeply engages and stretches the skin and myofascial tissue. Nineteen participants were positioned prone and marked with semi-permanent tattoos, optimized for tracking tissue without compromising its natural mechanics. Tissue mobility was then clinically assessed both bilaterally (left and right sides of body) and directionally (superior and inferior directions of pull).ResultsEleven strain-based biomarkers were derived per tissue pull. With participants’ data aggregated, the sides of the body were indistinct, though pull in the superior direction was distinct from that in the inferior direction. Given substantial variance in the biomarkers’ absolute values between participants, we then evaluated each person individually. Therein, distinct tissue behaviors were observed. In particular, bilateral differences were identified in nine participants, eight of whom reported discrepancies in pain between their left and right sides, while directional distinctions were observed in sixteen participants, as expected given similar anatomical tissue structures between individuals.ConclusionIn our sample of participants, optical skin surface tracking and derived strain-based biomarkers identified asymmetrical distinctions in bilateral mobility, which correspond with self-reported pain.SignificanceSuch objective assessment of myofascial tissue stiffness is important in monitoring and treating chronic musculoskeletal pain, which afflicts half of the U.S. adult population.