bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Vibrational Strong Coupling of Molecules with Wavelength‐Modulated Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Menghrajani Kishan S. , Chen Mingzhou , Dholakia Kishan , Barnes William L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that enables fingerprinting of materials, molecules, and chemical environments by probing vibrational resonances. In many applications, the desired Raman signals are masked by fluorescence, either from the molecular system being studied, or from adjacent metallic nanostructures. Here, it is shown that wavelength‐modulated Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful way to significantly reduce the strength of the fluorescence background, thereby allowing the desired Raman signals to be clearly recorded. This approach is made use of to explore Raman scattering in the context of vibrational strong coupling, an area that has thus far been problematic to visualise. Specifically, strong coupling between the vibrational modes in a polymer and two types of confined light field, the fundamental mode of a metal‐clad microcavity, and the surface‐plasmon modes of an adjacent thin metal film are looked at. While clear advantages in using the wavelength‐modulated Raman approach are found, these results on strong coupling are inconclusive, and highlight the need for more work in this exciting topic area.
Synthesis of Chiral Nine‐Membered N‐Heterocycles through Silver(I)‐Promoted Cycloaddition and Rearrangement from N‐Vinyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Nitrones with Chiral 3‐Propioloyloxazolidin‐2‐Ones
Authors: Qin Xiao‐Ting , Zou Ning , Cheng Xiao‐Ling , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA variety of chiral nine‐membered N‐heterocycles were prepared in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivity through a silver(I)‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition and [3,3]‐rearrangement of N‐vinyl‐α, β‐unsaturated nitrones and chiral 3‐propioloyloxazolidin‐2‐ones. Experimental studies showed that silver catalyst promoted the cycloaddition and rearrangement process, and the stereochemistry of the nine‐membered N‐heterocycles was controlled via [3,3]‐rearrangement by chiral oxazolidinone‐auxiliary through a boat‐like transition state. Moreover, the obtained nine‐membered N‐heterocycle diastereomers were converted to chiral pyrrolizines with high diastereoselectivity and pyrrolizine carboxylate was obtained in 54% yield with 90% ee by the removal of chiral auxiliary.magnified image
Ni‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Aryl C−H Bonds in Benzamides with CO2
Authors: Pei Chunzhe , Zong Jiarui , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe direct carboxylation of inert aryl C−H bond catalyzed by abundant and cheap nickel is still facing challenge. Herein, we report the Ni‐catalyzed direct carboxylation of aryl C−H bonds in benzamides under 1 atm of CO2 to afford various methyl carboxylates or phthalimides, dealing with different post‐processing. The reaction displays excellent functional group tolerance and affords moderate to high carboxylation yields under mild conditions. Detail mechanistic studies suggest that a Ni(0)−Ni(II)−Ni(I) catalytic cycle may be involved in this reaction.magnified image
Defect Sites in Zeolites: Origin and Healing
Authors: Palčić Ana , Moldovan Simona , El Siblani Hussein , Vicente Aurelie , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the synthesis conditions–defect formation relationship in zeolites. Silicalite‐1 (MFI‐type) is used as a model material. Samples synthesized from a system with high basicity (at 100 °C), a system with moderate basicity (at 150 °C), and a fluoride‐containing system in neutral medium (at 170 °C) are compared. Well‐crystallized materials with sizes ≈0.1, 1–10, and 30–40 µm are obtained. The samples are analyzed by complementary methods providing information on the short‐ and long‐range order in the zeolite framework. A strong correlation between the number of point defects in the zeolite framework and preparation conditions is established. Silicalite‐1 synthesized under mild synthesis conditions from a highly basic system exhibits a larger number of framework defects and thus low hydrophobicity. Further, the calcined samples are subjected to aluminum and silicon incorporation by postsynthesis treatment. The Al/Si incorporation in the zeolite framework and its impact on the physicochemical properties is studied by XRD, TEM/SEM, solid‐state NMR, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The defects healing as a function of the number of point defects in the initial material and zeolite crystal size is evaluated. The results of this study will serve for fine‐tuning zeolite properties by in situ and postsynthesis methods.
An ultrashort video can teach residents to perform a fingertip injury repair
Authors: Alshawkani Yazan Y. , Orfield Noah J. , Samuel Linsen T. , Kuehl Damon R. , Hagan Hugh J. , Apel Peter J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute fingertip injuries are common. Providers in rural and underserved areas often transfer these patients due to lack of comfort and skill with treating these injuries. Current learners prefer short and high‐density educational material. It is unknown if basic hand procedures can be taught using ultrashort training videos. This study investigates whether fingertip repair can be taught using a 60‐second educational video viewed immediately prior to performing the procedure.MethodsA standardized cadaveric fingertip injury model was developed. Twenty‐three emergency medicine residents each having minimal experience with fingertip injury repair were randomized into one of three study arms: A) no video, B) standard‐length (8‐minute) video, and C) ultrashort (60‐second) video. Each subject was presented with an injured cadaveric finger and asked to prepare for and perform the repair within a 30‐minute time frame. The repair was graded on a 10‐point scale following a standard rubric. Time to completion, preparedness, and subjects’ confidence were also assessed. Results were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.ResultsMean repair scores for the standard‐length video group (9.5 ± 0.3) and the ultrashort video group (9.2 ± 0.3) were significantly higher than those of the no video group (4.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Mean time to completion of the exercise was significantly shorter in the ultrashort video group (19 ± 2 minutes) than in the standard‐length video group (26 ± 2 minutes). Subject‐reported outcomes (median preparedness, median post‐repair confidence, and median change in confidence following the procedure) were all significantly higher in the standard‐length video group and the ultrashort video group than in the no video group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).ConclusionA 60‐second educational video viewed immediately prior to performing a fingertip injury repair can effectively teach an emergency medicine resident to correctly perform the procedure.
Dendritic Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Structure, Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Xu Chun , Lei Chang , Wang Yue , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with widespread applications have attracted great interest. Despite many publications (>800), the terminology “dendritic” is ambiguous. Understanding what possible “dendritic structures” are, their formation mechanisms and the underlying structure–property relationship is fundamentally important. With the advance of characterization techniques such as electron tomography, two types of tree‐branch‐like and flower‐like structures can be distinguished, both described as “dendritic” in the literature. In this Review, we start with the definition of “dendritic”, then provide critical analysis of reported dendritic silica nanoparticles according to their structural classification. We update the understandings of the formation mechanisms of two types of “dendritic” nanoparticles, highlighting how to control their structural parameters. Applications of dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles are also reviewed with a focus on the biomedical field, providing new insights into the structure–property relationship in this family of nanomaterials.
Synthesis, characterization, and comparative assessment of antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of graphene‐, silver‐, and zinc‐based nanomaterials
Authors: Hossain Oindrila , Rahman Ehsanur , Roy Hridoy , Azam Md. Shafiul , Ahmed Shoeb 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, silver/zinc zeolite (Ag/Zn‐Ze), and graphene oxide‐silver (GO‐Ag) nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized with X‐ray powder Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier Transform‐Infrared Spectroscopy. The antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was evaluated against E. coli. by shake flask method and plate culture method for different concentrations. For 105 cells/mL initial bacterial concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were <160, <320, <320, and >1280 μg/mL, and antibacterial concentration at which 50% cells are inhibited (IC50) were 47, 90, 78, and 250 μg/mL for Ag/Zn‐Ze, GO, GO‐Ag, and ZnO, respectively. Therefore, the shake flask method showed that for all nanoparticle concentrations, Ag/Zn‐Ze, and GO‐Ag exhibited greater inhibition efficacy, which was also highly dependent on initial bacterial concentration. However, in case of the plate culture method, similar range of inhibition capacity was found for Ag/Zn‐Ze, GO‐Ag, and ZnO, whereas GO showed lower potency to inhibit E. coli. In addition, GO‐Ag nanocomposite exhibited more efficacy than Ag/Zn‐Ze when the antibacterial surface was prepared with those. However, Ag/Zn‐Ze showed no toxicity on Vero cells, whereas GO‐Ag exhibited severe toxicity at higher concentrations. This study establishes GO‐Ag and Ag/Zn‐Ze as potent antimicrobial agents; however, their application dosage should carefully be chosen based on cytotoxic effects of GO‐Ag in case of any possible physiological interaction.
Biomimetic Fe‐hydroxyapatite nanoparticle‐reinforced bisphenol A‐glycol methacrylate/triethyleneglycol‐dimethacrylate resins for dental restorative application
Authors: Ning Zhenwu , Chen Kun , Zheng Jing , Yang Dan , Zhou Shaobing , Zhou Zhongrong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommercial bisphenol A‐glycol methacrylate (BisGMA)/triethyleneglycol‐dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) have been widely used as dental restorative material; however, the poor mechanical and anti‐wear properties greatly limited their applied range. In this study, iron‐containing hydroxyapatite (FeHA) nanoparticles that mimic the chemical composition and microstructure of natural bamboo rat incisor enamel were synthesized and used as reinforcement in BisGMA/TEGDMA resins. The as‐prepared polycrystalline FeHA have a rod like morphology with uniformly dispersed iron. The effects of nanoparticle–resin weight ratios on the mechanical properties, tribological properties, and bioactivity of FeHA‐BisGMA/TEGDMA resins were investigated. In vitro bioactivity of the studied resin composites in artificial saliva showed that a dense and continuous apatite layer was formed on the surface of the resin composite. Findings revealed that doping a suitable content of FeHA nanoparticle, especially at 0.75 wt% FeHA, would significantly improve the tribological and mechanical properties as well as bioactivity of the dental resin composites.
Synthesis, rheological characterization, and proposed application of pre‐polyglycerol sebacate as ultrasound contrast agent based on theoretical estimation
Authors: Riaz Ramish , Abbas Shah Rukh , Iqbal Mudassir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElastomers are employed in the field of acoustics as sound enhancers and making tissue‐mimicking phantoms for ultrasound imaging due to their good viscoelastic properties. Polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) is a relatively new biocompatible, biodegradable elastomer with low elastic modulus prepared via two‐step melt condensation reaction. The first step yields a soluble pre‐polymer while the second results in a cured insoluble tough elastomer. The elasticity of polymer is dependent upon curing time. Attractive aspects of pre‐PGS to be used as ultrasound contrast agent lie in its excellent viscoelastic properties, that is, low elastic modulus, near to lipids. This can give it acoustic properties of lipid microbubbles while keeping a stable response of polymeric microbubbles. In this study, pre‐PGS was synthesized via the melt‐condensation method and characterized by FTIR, NMR, TGA, melt flow index, contact angle, titration, and uniaxial compressive testing. Viscosity was measured by the Ostwald technique. These viscoelastic measurements were used to predict the acoustic response of pre‐PGS shell‐based microbubbles by running equations in MATLAB. Pre‐PGS showed an elastic modulus of 1.26 MPa and thermal stability up to 100°C. PGS showed much more elasticity than commercially available Sonovue ultrasound contrast agent, also it has low viscosity (0.016 Pa s) and density (1186 kg/m), due to which it has a low damping coefficient (4.32 × 106) compared to Sonovue (7.63 × 107), giving better oscillations in an acoustic field with higher scattering cross‐sectional area than standard Sonovue microbubbles. Based on these simulations pre‐PGS with 50%–60% degree of esterification showed excellent viscoelastic properties which make it an ideal material for microbubble ultrasound contrast agent.
Distribution of cholinergic neurons in the brains of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee
Authors: Williams Victoria M. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Swiegers Jordan , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, we describe the nuclear parcellation of the cholinergic system in the brains of two apes, a lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) and a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The cholinergic nuclei observed in both apes studied are virtually identical to that observed in humans and show very strong similarity to the cholinergic nuclei observed in other primates and mammals more generally. One specific difference between humans and the two apes studied is that, with the specific choline acetyltransferase antibody used, the cholinergic pyramidal neurons observed in human cerebral cortex were not labeled. When comparing the two apes studied and humans to other primates, the presence of a greatly expanded cholinergic medullary tegmental field, and the presence of cholinergic neurons in the intermediate and dorsal horns of the cervical spinal cord are notable variations of the distribution of cholinergic neurons in apes compared to other primates. These neurons may play an important role in the modulation of ascending and descending neural transmissions through the spinal cord and caudal medulla, potentially related to the differing modes of locomotion in apes compared to other primates. Our observations also indicate that the average soma volume of the neurons forming the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) is larger than those of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPT) in both the lar gibbon and chimpanzee. This variability in soma volume appears to be related to the size of the adult derivatives of the alar and basal plate across mammalian species.
The nature of coxofemoral joint pathology across family Canidae
Authors: Lawler Dennis , Tangredi Basil , Becker Julia , Widga Christopher , Etnier Michael , Martin Terrance , Schulz Kurt , Kohn Luci 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe evaluated coxofemoral joints from museum specimens of:Vulpes lagopus;Vulpes vulpes;Vulpes velox;Nyctereutes procyonoides;Urocyon cinereoargenteus;Aenocyon[Canis]dirus;Canis latrans;Canis lupus lupus;Canis lupus familiaris;C. l. familiaris × latrans; andCanis dingo. Acetabular components included: fossa; articular surface; medial and lateral articular margins; and periarticular surfaces. Acetabular components variably revealed: osteophyte‐like features; varying appearance of articular margin rims (especially contour changes); rough bone surfaces (especially fossa and articular surface); and surface wear. Proximal femoral components included: articular surface; articular margin; periarticular surfaces; and joint capsule attachment. Femoral components variably revealed: rough bone surface; bone loss; articular margin osteophyte‐like features; caudal post‐developmental mineralized prominence; and enthesophytes along the joint capsule attachment. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyze right–left asymmetric relationships between observed traits, across taxa. Significantly different acetabular trait asymmetry involved onlyC. latrans—C. l. familiaris;V. vulpes—N. procyonoides, andU. cinereoargenteus—N. procyonoides. There were no significant lateralized differences in proximal femoral traits involving modern canids, ancient and modernC. l. familiaris, or modern vulpines. Thus, the observations were strongly bilateral. We hypothesized high similarity of traits across taxa. The data confirm the hypothesis and strongly suggest broad and deep morphological and mechanistic conservation that almost certainly pre‐existed (at least) all modern canids. Further zoological studies are needed to evaluate phylogenic implications in greater detail.
Visible‐Light Photosynthesis of CHF2/CClF2/CBrF2‐Substituted Ring‐fused Quinazolinones in Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Gui Qing‐Wen , Teng Fan , Yang Hao , Xun Changping , Huang Wen‐Jie , Lu Zi‐Qin , Zhu Meng‐Xue , Ouyang Wen‐Tao , He Wei‐Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith eco‐friendly and sustainable CO2‐derived dimethyl carbonate as the sole solvent, the visible‐light‐induced cascade radical reactions have been established as a green and efficient tool for constructing various CHF2/CClF2/CBrF2‐substituted ring‐fused quinazolinones.
Application of Deconica castanella ligninolytic enzymatic system in the degradation of hexachlorobenzene in soil
Authors: Neto Sergio Luiz Moreira , Coelho Glauciane Danusa , Ballaminut Nara , Matheus Dácio Roberto , Thomaz Douglas Vieira , Machado Katia Maria Gomes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a pollutant still found in the environment despite being widely banned. Considering that basidiomycetes are useful to degrade a variety of organochlorinated pollutants, we therefore report the influence of HCB on the ligninolytic enzymatic system of Deconica castanella. The inoculum was prepared with sugarcane bagasse and soybean flour and was added in soil with and without HCB (2000 mg kg soil−1), 5% emulsion containing soybean oil and Tween 20 at proportion 9:1, v:v; with 70% moisture at 25°C. Fungal biomass was quantified by widely acknowledged growth biomarker ergosterol. The extraction of the enzymatic complex was performed and laccase, Mn‐dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities were determined. Furthermore, HCB and its metabolites were quantified by gas chromatography and chlorides by potentiometric titration. Results evidenced that HCB did not interfere in fungal growth, though the only detected enzymatic activity was laccase. MnP and Lip were not detected during D. castanella growth in soil. The peak of laccase enzymatic activity occurred in the presence of HCB. In addition, the laccase exhibited thermostability. Therefore, we hereby shed light on the role of laccase in the degradation of HCB by an efficient low‐cost and environmentally safe detoxification mechanism.
A multifactorial assessment of the SRP pathway constituent FtsY as a vital mycobacterial constituent
Authors: Shivangi  , Meena Laxman S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe signal recognition particle (SRP) system plays an imperative role in transporting the secretory protein to its intended location. The SRP pathway running in Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitutes FtsY (signal receptor), FfH (SRP), and 4.5S RNA in which signal receptor acts in the GTP‐dependent manner. In this study, we are rendering the essential facts of FtsY with respect to mycobacterial growth. The growth study experiment showed that downexpressed FtsY slowed the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 from the initial lag phase to stationary phase. Previously, we have showed that GTPase activity of FtsY is metal ion dependent and showed the maximum activity with 10 mM magnesium. The effect of Mg2+ and Mn2+ on mycobacterial growth showed that Mg2+ did not affect the growth, whereas higher concentration of Mn2+ decreases the bacterial growth. After searching the inhibitor database, 14 GTPase and ATPase inhibitors, Mac0182344, ML141, ITX3, NAV_2729, Br‐GTP, Rhosin_HCl, Mac0182099, CCG_50014, CID_1067700, Mac0174809, Nsc_23766, Berberine, Nexinhib20, and EHT1864, were found to interact with FtsY. Further, ML141 and NAV2729 found to decrease the enzymatic activity of FtsY as well as the mycobacterial growth. Therefore, the conclusive statement of the present study can be stated as that the FtsY plays major role in mycobacterial cell survival and ML141 and NAV2729 can be used to constrain the SRP pathway.
A 3D Porous Inverse Opal Ni Structure on a Cu Current Collector for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jeong Soo Min , Wu Mihye , Kim Tae Yeong , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Se‐Hee , Choi Hong Kyoon , Kang Yun Chan , Kim Do Youb 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is considered the best anode material for next‐generation high‐energy density Li‐metal batteries. However, Li dendrite formation and growth hinder the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Herein, we report a three‐dimensional (3D) porous inverse opal nickel structure on a copper foil current collector (Ni IO@Cu) that has a controllable pore size and thickness and is fabricated via colloidal self‐assembly and electrodeposition. The uniform interconnected pores with a large surface area of the Ni IO@Cu structure can effectively dissipate high areal current densities, resulting in the stable formation of a solid electrolyte interface and dense, dendrite‐free, flat lithium deposits. In comparison to the use of bare Cu, the use of the Ni IO@Cu current collector resulted in greatly improved stability and lowered the voltage hysteresis in various Li plating/stripping tests. Moreover, Li‐ion battery and Li‐sulfur battery full cells prepared using the Ni IO@Cu also displayed excellent cycling performance. This work further demonstrates the significance of the 3D porous structure for preparing dendrite‐free Li metal anodes.
Anions Tuned Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shi‐You , Xu Fei , Zhang Ning‐Shuang , Wang Peng , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is a key and challenging problem to study how the lithium salt anion affects the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation process. However, the current research focuses on the solvation structure of electrolytes with a general considered conclusion of the preferential reduction effect of anions, while the action mechanism of anions on the solvation structure is rarely studied. Herein, the specific role of anions in the SEI film formation process is illustrated by comparing the influence of anions on the solvation structure with two kinds of boron containing lithium salts. It is found that lithium salt anions can affect the coordination capability of lithium ions and solvents, and then affect the energy consumption in the desolvation process of lithium ions and the composition of SEI film. This work provides a method to study the film formation process, which have certain reference and guide significance for the research of electrolyte field.