bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANIFICACIÓN TURÍSTICA EN EXTREMADURA. ANÁLISIS DE SUS TERRITORIOS TURÍSTICOS
Authors: Nieto Masot Ana , Ríos Rodríguez Nerea , Cárdenas Alonso Gema 
Published: January 2021

Desde finales del siglo XX, la aparición de nuevas tendencias y modelos de consumo del turismo ha permitido la proliferación de equipamientos turísticos en Extremadura, optándose por la explotación de los recursos patrimoniales, tanto naturales como culturales. Así, en este trabajo se analizan la oferta y demanda del sector turístico en la región extremeña, haciendo hincapié en la clasificación por Territorios Turísticos del gobierno regional. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de variables económicas, patrimoniales y sociales mediante las técnicas de Regresión Lineal Múltiple (OLS), Análisis de Componentes Principales y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Se podrá ver qué Territorios Turísticos han implantado mejores líneas de actuación encaminadas a la recepción de visitantes, al incremento de las rentas económicas y a una preservación de la población en los espacios rurales, así como cuáles presentan deficiencias en su desarrollo turístico.
Since the end of the last century, the development of new trends and tourism consumption models has allowed the proliferation of tourist equipment in Extremadura, exploiting the heritage resources, both natural and cultural. In this paper, supply and demand of tourist sector in Extremadura are analyzed, emphasizing the classification by Tourist Territories of the regional government. For this, economic, social and patrimonial variables are studied through the Multiple Linear Regression statistic (OLS), Principal Components Analysis (PCA)and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It will be seen what Tourist Territories have implemented better strategies intend to reception of visitors, the increase of economic rents and the preservation of the population in rural areas, as well as which ones present deficiencies in their tourist development.
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN TOURISM: A GENERATIONAL STUDY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Ferreira Pedro 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este documento es examinar el compromiso de los empleados entre las diferentes generaciones de trabajadores del turismo en los países europeos.
La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo. Se consideraron datos de 2.393 empleados de 35 países europeos que trabajan en turismo. El análisis de datos se basó en el análisis de conglomerados para encontrar patrones de participación entre países y análisis jerárquico de regresión múltiple y otras herramientas estadísticas para confirmar las diferencias entre generaciones.
Los resultados revelan tres grupos de países con diferentes patrones de compromiso. Los resultados también muestran diferencias entre los grupos generacionales.
The goal of this paper is to examine employee engagement among different generations of tourism workers across European countries. The research takes a quantitative approach. Data from 2,393 employees from 35 European countries working in tourism were considered. Data analysis was based on cluster analysis to find patterns of engagement across countries and hierarchical multiple regression analysis and other statistical tools to confirm differences between generations. The results reveal three groups of countries with different patterns of engagement. The findings also show differences between generational groups.
HABITABILIDAD Y AIRBNB: EL ALQUILER DE LA VIVIENDA EN EL DISTRITO CENTRO DE MADRID
Authors: Martínez-Caldentey María Antonia , Blázquez-Salom Macià , Murray Ivan 
Published: January 2021

La irrupción del alquiler turístico, como el ofertado en Airbnb, ha provocado profundos cambios en torno a la vivienda y en los espacios urbanos. Así, Madrid se ha convertido de la mano del alquiler turístico, en una exitosa ciudad turística. En este artículo se analiza la proliferación del alquiler turístico en el distrito Centro de Madrid y su incidencia sobre el alquiler residencial. En este caso, como en otras ciudades europeas y norteamericanas, la explotación turística de las viviendas ha abierto la brecha de renta, mientras que el alquiler de las viviendas se ha disparado.
The irruption of the tourist rental, like the one offered on Airbnb, has brought profound changes around housing and urban spaces. Madrid has become the hand of the tourist rental, among other reasons, in a successful touristic city. This article analyses the proliferation of tourist rentals in the Central district of Madrid and its impact on residential rentals. In this case, as in other European and North American cities, the tourist exploitation of the houses has allowed to open the rent gap, while the rental price of the houses has skyrocketed.
TOURISM QUALITATIVE FORECASTING SCENARIO BUILDING THROUGH THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE
Authors: Oliveira Moreira Claudete , Santos Norberto 
Published: January 2021

Los análisis de futuros y los ejercicios de construcción de escenarios han recibido escasa atención de la literatura científica sobre la planificación y gestión de destinos turísticos. Este artículo enfatiza la importancia de una estrategia de previsión territorial y de la creación de escenarios en la planificación y gestión de destinos turísticos, demostrando cómo es metodológicamente posible combinar la técnica Delphi con un ejercicio de creación de escenarios. Los hallazgos sugieren que el conocimiento de las partes interesadas puede beneficiar la planificación y la gestión de los destinos turísticos.
Futures analyses and scenario-building exercises have received scant attention from scientific literature on the planning and management of tourist destinations. This article emphasizes the importance of a territorial foresight strategy and scenario building in the planning and management of tourist destinations, demonstrating how it is methodologically possible to combine the Delphi technique with a scenario-building exercise. The findings suggest that the knowledge provided by stakeholders operating within the tourism system can benefit the planning and management of tourist destinations.
Association between foot thermal responses and shear forces during turning gait in young adults
Authors: Gonzalez Angel E. , Pineda Gutierrez Ana , Kern Andrew M. , Takahashi Kota Z. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The human foot typically changes temperature between pre and post-locomotion activities. However, the mechanisms responsible for temperature changes within the foot are currently unclear. Prior studies indicate that shear forces may increase foot temperature during locomotion. Here, we examined the shear-temperature relationship using turning gait with varying radii to manipulate magnitudes of shear onto the foot.

Methods
Healthy adult participants (N = 18) walked barefoot on their toes for 5 minutes at a speed of 1.0 m s−1 at three different radii (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m). Toe-walking was utilized so that a standard force plate could measure shear localized to the forefoot. A thermal imaging camera was used to quantify the temperature changes from pre to post toe-walking (ΔT), including the entire foot and forefoot regions on the external limb (limb farther from the center of the curved path) and internal limb.

Results
We found that shear impulse was positively associated with ΔT within the entire foot (P < 0.001) and forefoot (P < 0.001): specifically, for every unit increase in shear, the temperature of the entire foot and forefoot increased by 0.11 and 0.17 °C, respectively. While ΔT, on average, decreased following the toe-walking trials (i.e., became colder), a significant change in ΔT was observed between radii conditions and between external versus internal limbs. In particular, ΔT was greater (i.e., less negative) when walking at smaller radii (P < 0.01) and was greater on the external limb (P < 0.01) in both the entire foot and forefoot regions, which were likely explained by greater shear forces with smaller radii (P < 0.0001) and on the external limb (P < 0.0001). Altogether, our results support the relationship between shear and foot temperature responses. These findings may motivate studying turning gait in the future to quantify the relationship between shear and foot temperature in individuals who are susceptible to abnormal thermoregulation.
Response to ibudilast treatment according to progressive multiple sclerosis disease phenotype
Authors: Goodman Andrew D. , Fedler Janel K. , Yankey Jon , Klingner Elizabeth A. , Ecklund Dixie J. , Goebel Christopher V. , Bermel Robert A. , Chase Marianne , Coffey Christopher S. , Klawiter Eric C. , Naismith Robert T. , Fox Robert J. ,   the SPRINT‐MS Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveDetermine whether a treatment effect of ibudilast on brain atrophy rate differs between participants with primary (PPMS) and secondary (SPMS) progressive multiple sclerosis.BackgroundProgressive forms of MS are both associated with continuous disability progression. Whether PPMS and SPMS differ in treatment response remains unknown.Design/MethodsSPRINT‐MS was a randomized, placebo‐controlled 96‐week phase 2 trial in both PPMS (n = 134) and SPMS (n = 121) patients. The effect of PPMS and SPMS phenotype on the rate of change of brain atrophy measured by brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) was examined by fitting a three‐way interaction linear‐mixed model. Adjustment for differences in baseline demographics, disease measures, and brain size was explored.ResultsAnalysis showed that there was a three‐way interaction between the time, treatment effect, and disease phenotype (P < 0.06). After further inspection, the overall treatment effect was primarily driven by patients with PPMS (P < 0.01), and not by patients with SPMS (P = 0.97). This difference may have been due to faster brain atrophy progression seen in the PPMS placebo group compared to SPMS placebo (P < 0.02). Although backward selection (P < 0.05) retained age, T2 lesion volume, RNFL, and longitudinal diffusivity as significant baseline covariates in the linear‐mixed model, the adjusted overall treatment effect was still driven by PPMS (P < 0.01).InterpretationThe previously reported overall treatment effect of ibudilast on worsening of brain atrophy in progressive MS appears to be driven by patients with PPMS that may be, in part, because of the faster atrophy progression rates seen in the placebo‐treated group.
In Vivo Compositional Changes in the Articular Cartilage of the Patellofemoral Joint Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Boling Michelle C. , Dupell Matthew , Pfeiffer Steven J. , Wallace Kyle , Lalush David , Spang Jeffrey T. , Nissman Daniel , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo compare T1ρ relaxation times of the medial and lateral regions of the patella and femoral trochlea at 6 and 12 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the ACLR and contralateral extremity. Greater T1ρ relaxation times are associated with a lower proteoglycan density of articular cartilage.MethodsThis study involved 20 individuals (11 males, 9 females; mean ± SD age 22 ± 3.9 years, weight 76.11 ± 13.48 kg, and height 178.32 ± 12.32 cm) who underwent a previous unilateral ACLR using a patellar tendon autograft. Magnetic resonance images from both extremities were acquired at 6 and 12 months post‐ACLR. Voxel by voxel T1ρ relaxation times were calculated using a 5‐image sequence. The medial and lateral regions of the femoral trochlea and patellar articular cartilage were manually segmented on both extremities. Separate extremity (ACLR and contralateral extremity) by time (6 months and 12 months) analysis of variance tests were performed for each region (P < 0.05).ResultsFor the medial patella and lateral trochlea, T1ρ relaxation times increased in both extremities between 6 and 12 months post‐ACLR (medial patella P = 0.012; lateral trochlea P = 0.043). For the lateral patella, T1ρ relaxation times were significantly greater on the contralateral extremity compared to the ACLR extremity (P = 0.001). The T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea on the ACLR extremity were significantly greater at 6 (P = 0.005) and 12 months (P < 0.001) compared to the contralateral extremity. T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea significantly increased from 6 to 12 months on the ACLR extremity (P = 0.003).ConclusionChanges in T1ρ relaxation times occur within the first 12 months following ACLR in specific regions of the patellofemoral joint on the ACLR and contralateral extremity.
Micellar Lyotropic Nematic Gels
Authors: Dieterich Sonja , Stemmler Friedrich , Preisig Natalie , Giesselmann Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) gels are a new class of liquid crystal (LC) networks that combine the anisotropy of micellar LLCs with the mechanical stability of a gel. However, so far, only micellar LLC gels with lamellar and hexagonal structures have been obtained by the addition of gelators to LLCs. Here, the first examples of lyotropic nematic gels are presented. The key to obtain these nematic gels is the use of gelators that have a non‐amphiphilic molecular structure and thus leave the size and shape of the micellar aggregates essentially unchanged. By adding these gelators to lyotropic nematic phases, an easy and reproducible way to obtain large amounts of lyotropic nematic gels is established. These nematic gels preserve the long‐range orientational order and optical birefringence of a lyotropic nematic phase but have the mechanical stability of a gel. LLC nematic gels are promising new materials for elastic and anisotropic hydrogels to be applied as water‐based stimuli‐responsive actuators and sensors.
Spin‐ and Voltage‐Dependent Emission from Intra‐ and Intermolecular TADF OLEDs
Authors: Bunzmann Nikolai , Krugmann Benjamin , Weissenseel Sebastian , Kudriashova Liudmila , Ivaniuk Khrystyna , Stakhira Pavlo , Cherpak Vladyslav , Chapran Marian , Grybauskaite‐Kaminskiene Gintare , Grazulevicius Juozas Vidas , Dyakonov Vladimir , Sperlich Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) utilize molecular systems with a small energy splitting between singlet and triplet states. This can either be realized in intramolecular charge transfer states of molecules with near‐orthogonal donor and acceptor moieties or in intermolecular exciplex states formed between a suitable combination of individual donor and acceptor materials. Here, 4,4′‐(9H,9′H‐[3,3′‐bicarbazole]‐9,9′‐diyl)bis(3‐(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile) (pCNBCzoCF3) is investigated, which shows intramolecular TADF but can also form exciplex states in combination with 4,4′,4′′‐tris[phenyl(m‐tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (m‐MTDATA). Orange emitting exciplex‐based OLEDs additionally generate a sky‐blue emission from the intramolecular emitter with an intensity that can be voltage‐controlled. Electroluminescence detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) is applied to study the thermally activated spin‐dependent triplet to singlet up‐conversion in operating devices. Thereby, intermediate excited states involved in OLED operation can be investigated and the corresponding activation energy for both, intra‐ and intermolecular based TADF can be derived. Furthermore, a lower estimate is given for the extent of the triplet wavefunction to be ≥ 1.2 nm. Photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) reveals the population of molecular triplets in optically excited thin films. Overall, the findings allow to draw a comprehensive picture of the spin‐dependent emission from intra‐ and intermolecular TADF OLEDs.
Operando Analysis of Semiconductor Junctions in Multi‐Layered Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Wooseok , Moehl Thomas , Service Erin , Tilley S. David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for investigating optoelectronic devices, realistic equivalent circuit (EC) models suitable for multi‐layered water splitting electrodes have rarely been reported due to their complex nature. In the present study, the utility of the EIS method for investigating multi‐layered photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting is demonstrated. By analyzing the EIS data of TiO2‐coated Sb2Se3 photocathodes, one is able to obtain information about the constituent semiconductors and interfaces such as recombination processes, carrier lifetimes, doping densities, and flat band potentials under operando conditions. The charge transfer time to the electrolyte is also extracted from the EIS data and confirmed by transient photocurrent decay measurements. In addition, the method is successfully applied to other photocathodes with different classes of light absorber, such as metal oxides (Cu2O) and crystalline Si, to compare the device characteristics under real operational conditions. It is shown that the lifetime of photo‐generated carriers in the Si photocathode is much higher than those of the Sb2Se3 and Cu2O photocathodes. It is believed that the EIS analysis method presented in this study will become a powerful routine characterization technique for discovering the limiting factors in a wide range of photo‐electrosynthetic as well as photovoltaic devices.
Kinetics toward mechanism and real operation for ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation of diesel
Authors: Yin Yachen , Chen Wenbin , Wu Guilian , Xin Feng , Qin Kang , Lu Yutao , Zhang Le , Li Mingfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel achieves ultra‐deepness, our understanding of its kinetics is still far from in‐depth. Therefore, herein, two lumped kinetic models for the ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization (UHDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) are established based on experiments under a wide range of operating conditions. Meanwhile, a four‐lump kinetic model of the aromatic hydrosaturation (AHS) is erected. Our kinetic models disclose thermodynamic decisiveness in UHDS, which is unreachable beyond a temperature upper limit or a pressure lower limit. We also reveals the unexpected temperature dependence of organonitrogen inhibition to HDS, for less than 300°C this inhibition becomes even more potent despite nitrogen removal by HDN reactions. Subsequently, the HDS kinetics of total sulfur are deciphered as multi stages existed in the whole reaction coordinate. Accordingly, a four‐stage conceptual model involving mechanism and rate laws is proposed to better understand organonitrogen inhibition, thermodynamics, and kinetics in UHDS.
Adoptive Transfer of JC Virus‐Specific T Lymphocytes for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Berzero Giulia , Basso Sabrina , Stoppini Luca , Palermo Andrea , Pichiecchio Anna , Paoletti Matteo , Lucev Federica , Gerevini Simonetta , Rossi Andrea , Vegezzi Elisa , Diamanti Luca , Bini Paola , Gastaldi Matteo , Delbue Serena , Perotti Cesare , Seminari Elena , Faraci Maura , Luppi Mario , Baldanti Fausto , Zecca Marco , Marchioni Enrico , Comoli Patrizia 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is still burdened by high mortality in a subset of patients, such as those affected by hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and carry out preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of polyomavirus JC (JCPyV)‐specific T cell therapy in a cohort of hematological patients with PML.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2019, 9 patients with a diagnosis of “definite PML” according to the 2013 consensus who were showing progressive clinical deterioration received JCPyV‐specific T cells. Cell lines were expanded from autologous or allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells by stimulation with JCPyV antigen‐derived peptides.ResultsNone of the patients experienced treatment‐related adverse events. In the evaluable patients, an increase in the frequency of circulating JCPyV‐specific lymphocytes was observed, with a decrease or clearance of JCPyV viral load in cerebrospinal fluid. In responsive patients, transient appearance of punctate areas of contrast enhancement within, or close to, PML lesions was observed, which was interpreted as a sign of immune control and which regressed spontaneously without the need for steroid treatment. Six of 9 patients achieved PML control, with 5 alive and in good clinical condition at their last follow‐up.InterpretationAmong other novel treatments, T cell therapy is emerging as a viable treatment option in patients with PML, particularly for those not amenable to restoration of specific immunity. Neurologists should be encouraged to refer PML patients to specialized centers to allow access to this treatment strategy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:769–779
Numerically Denoising Thermally Tunable and Thickness‐Dependent Terahertz Signals in ErFeO3 Based on Bézier Curves and B‐Splines
Authors: Zeng Xinxi , Zhang Han , Xi Xiaoqing , Li Bo , Zhou Ji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) spectral range offers a platform for experimentally collecting electromagnetic pulses to analyze the intrinsic resonances of matter and has become an important field for applying intrinsic responses to future information devices. However, a lack of numerical methods for signal denoising exists in the knowledge of the THz spectral range. In this paper, numerical methods that employ the Bézier curve and its generalization (B‐spline) to denoise thermally tunable and thickness‐dependent terahertz signals are proposed. Different thicknesses of ErFeO3 are chosen and prepared. Both Bézier curves and B‐splines have the ability to denoise the signals and the effect of the Bézier curves on the noise is close to but slightly less than that of the B‐splines. Additionally, the B‐splines show a better noise reduction effect and have better signal strength stability and robustness than do the Bézier curves. Thus, B‐splines are applied to process the raw data, and quantitative insight into the trend of the resonant frequencies, peak heights, and transmittances of antiferromagnetic resonance and ferromagnetic resonance with temperature is obtained.
An Open‐Shell Singlet SnI Diradical and H2 Splitting
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Rottschäfer Dennis , Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe first SnI diradical [(ADCPh)Sn]2 (4) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADCPh={CN(Dipp)}2CPh; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) scaffold has been isolated as a green crystalline solid by KC8 reduction of the corresponding bis‐chlorostannylene [(ADCPh)SnCl]2 (3). The six‐membered C4Sn2‐ring of 4 containing six π‐electrons shows a diatropic ring current, thus 4 may also be regarded as the first 1,4‐distannabenzene derivative. DFT calculations suggest an open‐shell singlet (OS) ground state of 4 with a remarkably small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEOS–T=4.4 kcal mol−1), which is consistent with CASSCF (ΔES–T=6.6 kcal mol−1 and diradical character y=37 %) calculations. The diradical 4 splits H2 at room temperature to yield the bis‐hydridostannylene [(ADCPh)SnH]2 (5). Further reactivity of 4 has been studied with PhSeSePh and MeOTf.
2,3‐Diarylbenzo[b]arsole: Structural Modification and Polymerization for Tuning of Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ishijima Kosuke , Tanaka Susumu , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2,3‐Diarylbenzo[b]arsoles were synthesized from zirconacycles and diiodophenylarsine. The structural modification to the luminophore was attained through diarylacetylene precursors, Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, and oxidation of the arsenic atom. The emission properties were controlled according to these modifications. The 2,3‐diarylbenzo[b]arsoles showed aggregation‐induced emission enhancement; the stronger emission was observed in the solid states than in solutions. In addition, Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensation and olefin metathesis polymerization produced main‐ and side‐chain polymers, respectively. The resultant polymers showed different emission behaviors such as aggregation caused quenching and aggregation induced emission enhancement.