bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion protection for cold‐formed structural steel elements
Authors: Britner Alexander , Dieu Corinne , Podleschny Ralf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnprotected steel and steel structures exposed to the atmosphere inevitably corrode. For thin‐gauged structures especially, corrosion is critical for stability. Although the reduction in thickness caused by corrosion is insignificant for some structures, in other structures corrosion is unacceptable. Therefore, corrosion protection is a crucial issue for steel structures and the steel industry. Over the last decades, many new corrosion protection systems and innovative steel products have been introduced onto the market. Corrosion protection for cold‐formed structural steel elements has been standardized through the introduction of the EN 1090‐4. This paper introduces the harmonized rules for the corrosion protection of loadbearing thin‐gauged structures. The zinc‐magnesium‐aluminium (ZM) metal coating system developed in recent years is also dealt with.
Yukawa coupling unification in an SO(10) model consistent with Fermilab (g − 2)μ result
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Nath Pran , Syed Raza M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigate the Yukawa coupling unification for the third generation in a class of SO(10) unified models which are consistent with the 4.2 σ deviation from the standard model of the muon g − 2 seen by the Fermilab experiment E989. A recent analysis in supergravity grand unified models shows that such an effect can arise from supersymmetric loops correction. Using a neural network, we further analyze regions of the parameter space where Yukawa coupling unification consistent with the Fermilab result can appear. In the analysis we take into account the contributions to Yukawas from the cubic and the quartic interactions. We test the model at the high luminosity and high energy LHC and estimate the integrated luminosities needed to discover sparticles predicted by the model.
A non-relativistic limit of NS-NS gravity
Authors: Bergshoeff E. A. , Lahnsteiner J. , Romano L. , Rosseel J. , Şimşek C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss a particular non-relativistic limit of NS-NS gravity that can be taken at the level of the action and equations of motion, without imposing any geometric constraints by hand. This relies on the fact that terms that diverge in the limit and that come from the Vielbein in the Einstein-Hilbert term and from the kinetic term of the Kalb-Ramond two-form field cancel against each other. This cancelling of divergences is the target space analogue of a similar cancellation that takes place at the level of the string sigma model between the Vielbein in the kinetic term and the Kalb-Ramond field in the Wess-Zumino term. The limit of the equations of motion leads to one equation more than the limit of the action, due to the emergence of a local target space scale invariance in the limit. Some of the equations of motion can be solved by scale invariant geometric constraints. These constraints define a so-called Dilatation invariant String Newton-Cartan geometry.
An Introduction to Hyperholomorphic Spectral Theories and Fractional Powers of Vector Operators
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Gantner Jonathan , Pinton Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give an overview of the spectral theories associated with the notions of holomorphicity in dimension greater than one. A first natural extension is the theory of several complex variables whose Cauchy formula is used to define the holomorphic functional calculus for n-tuples of operators $$(A_1,\ldots ,A_n)$$

(

A
1

,
…
,

A
n

)

. A second way is to consider hyperholomorphic functions of quaternionic or paravector variables. In this case, by the Fueter-Sce-Qian mapping theorem, we have two different notions of hyperholomorphic functions that are called slice hyperholomorphic functions and monogenic functions. Slice hyperholomorphic functions generate the spectral theory based on the S-spectrum while monogenic functions induce the spectral theory based on the monogenic spectrum. There is also an interesting relation between the two hyperholomorphic spectral theories via the F-functional calculus. The two hyperholomorphic spectral theories have different and complementary applications. We finally discuss how to define the fractional Fourier’s law for nonhomogeneous materials using the spectral theory on the S-spectrum.
Continuity of solutions to a nonlinear fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Brasco Lorenzo , Lindgren Erik , Strömqvist Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study a parabolic equation for the fractional p-Laplacian of order s, for $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

and $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

. We provide space-time Hölder estimates for weak solutions, with explicit exponents. The proofs are based on iterated discrete differentiation of the equation in the spirit of Moser’s technique.
Rigidity of Branching Microstructures in Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Simon Theresa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyze generic sequences for which the geometrically linear energy$$\begin{aligned} E_\eta (u,\chi )\,{:}{=} \,\eta ^{-\frac{2}{3}}\int _{B_{1}\left( 0\right) } \left| e(u)- \sum _{i=1}^3 \chi _ie_i\right| ^2 \, \mathrm {d}x+\eta ^\frac{1}{3} \sum _{i=1}^3 |D\chi _i|({B_{1}\left( 0\right) }) \end{aligned}$$Eη(u,χ):=η-23∫B10e(u)-∑i=13χiei2dx+η13∑i=13|Dχi|(B10)remains bounded in the limit$$\eta \rightarrow 0$$η→0. Here$$ e(u) \,{:}{=}\,1/2(Du + Du^T)$$e(u):=1/2(Du+DuT)is the (linearized) strain of the displacementu, the strains$$e_i$$eicorrespond to the martensite strains of a shape memory alloy undergoing cubic-to-tetragonal transformations and the partition into phases is given by$$\chi _i:{B_{1}\left( 0\right) } \rightarrow \{0,1\}$$χi:B10→{0,1}. In this regime it is known that in addition to simple laminates, branched structures are also possible, which if austenite was present would enable the alloy to form habit planes. In an ansatz-free manner we prove that the alignment of macroscopic interfaces between martensite twins is as predicted by well-known rank-one conditions. Our proof proceeds via the non-convex, non-discrete-valued differential inclusion$$\begin{aligned} e(u) \in \bigcup _{1\le i\ne j\le 3} {\text {conv}} \{e_i,e_j\}, \end{aligned}$$e(u)∈⋃1≤i≠j≤3conv{ei,ej},satisfied by the weak limits of bounded energy sequences and of which we classify all solutions. In particular, there exist no convex integration solutions of the inclusion with complicated geometric structures.
Novel Approach via the Round Ligament in Portal Vein Embolization
Authors: Yamao Takanobu , Tamura Yoshitaka , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Takematsu Toru , Higashi Takaaki , Yamamura Kensuke , Imai Katsunori , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Ikeda Osamu , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe the detailed technique and clinical outcomes of portal vein embolization via the round ligament (RL‐PVE) prior to major hepatectomy.MethodsBetween January 2010 and March 2020, a total of 50 portal vein embolization (PVE) procedures were performed in 50 patients. Of them, seven patients who underwent RL‐PVE were enrolled in this study. Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE) was not indicated due to the following reasons: bile duct dilation (n = 4), difficulty in visualizing the portal vein on ultrasonography because of severe fatty liver (n = 1), large tumor size (n = 1), and combined surgery with staging laparoscopy (n = 1). The following were reasons for avoiding trans‐ileocecal PVE: past laparotomy (n = 5), difficulty in accessing the portal vein due to a large tumor (n = 1), and purpose of preventing small intestinal adhesions before hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (n = 1). The percentage of functional hepatic remnant rates was calculated before and after RL‐PVE.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all cases. Five patients underwent embolization of the right portal vein, while two underwent embolization of the left portal vein. The median operative time and blood loss during RL‐PVE were 181 min and 33 g, respectively. Morbidity and mortality related to RL‐PVE were not observed. The median functional hepatic remnant rate before and after PVE was 55.6% and 63.2%, respectively. Liver functions including Child–Pugh classification were equivalent before and after RL‐PVE.ConclusionsThe RL‐PVE technique may be useful in elective cases for which it is difficult to safely perform PTPE or trans‐ileocecal approaches.
Specific knowledge and resilience affect short-term outcome in patients following primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Bumberger Alexander , Borst Katharina , Willegger Madeleine , Hobusch Gerhard M. , Windhager Reinhard , Waldstein Wenzel , Domayer Stephan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential associations between specific knowledge, resilience and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods
In a cross-sectional prospective study, consecutive patients following primary THA were included at a rehabilitation center. A novel knowledge score and the validated Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were utilized to assess patients’ specific knowledge and resilience, respectively. Additionally, patients completed a qualitative questionnaire regarding the information they had received. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), as well as the University of California and Los Angeles Score (UCLA) served as primary outcome measures. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of outcome.

Results
A total of 103 patients at a mean age of 67.5 years (SD 10.5, 38–88) were included in the analysis at a median of 55.5 days (IQR 43–81) following primary THA. The mean knowledge and resilience scores were 3.8 (SD 1.6, 0–7) and 69.5 (SD 18.5, 0–100), respectively. Forty-seven percent of patients were afraid of harming their prosthesis and these patients had up to 59% worse WOMAC scores (p < 0.001). WOMAC scores on admission to rehabilitation were predicted by resilience and knowledge scores (R2 = 0.106, p = 0.036). UCLA scores at the time of admission were predicted by knowledge scores (R2 = 0.078, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that patients with a feeling of uncertainty had an inferior short-term functional outcome following primary THA. Moreover, it could be shown that higher specific knowledge and resilience are associated with a better functional outcome according to validated PROMS. While these findings need to be prospectively validated in future studies, specific patient knowledge and resilience may have a direct impact on the outcome of primary THA.
Cytoplasmic LXR expression is an independent marker of poor prognosis for patients with early stage primary breast cancer
Authors: Shao Wanting , Kuhn Christina , Mayr Doris , Ditsch Nina , Kailuwait Magdalena , Wolf Verena , Harbeck Nadia , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Cavaillès Vincent , Sixou Sophie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of liver X receptors α/β (LXR) in primary breast cancer (BC) tissues and to analyze its correlations with clinicopathological parameters including patient survival.

Methods
In a well-characterized cohort of 305 primary BC, subcellular distribution of LXR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with clinicopathological characteristics as well as with patient outcome were analyzed.

Results
LXR was frequently localized in both nuclei and cytoplasms of BC cells, with stronger staining in nuclei. Total and nuclear LXR expression was positively correlated with ER and PR status. Overall survival analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic LXR was significantly correlated with poor survival and appeared as an independent marker of poor prognosis, in stage I but not in stage II–III tumors

Conclusion
Altogether, these data suggest that cytoplasmic LXR could be defined as a prognostic marker in early stage primary BC.
Current challenges and opportunities for pharmacogenomics: perspective of the Industry Pharmacogenomics Working Group (I-PWG)
Authors: Bienfait Karina , Chhibber Aparna , Marshall Jean-Claude , Armstrong Martin , Cox Charles , Shaw Peter M. , Paulding Charles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPharmaceutical companies have increasingly utilized genomic data for the selection of drug targets and the development of precision medicine approaches. Most major pharmaceutical companies routinely collect DNA from clinical trial participants and conduct pharmacogenomic (PGx) studies. However, the implementation of PGx studies during clinical development presents a number of challenges. These challenges include adapting to a constantly changing global regulatory environment, challenges in study design and clinical implementation, and the increasing concerns over patient privacy. Advances in the field of genomics are also providing new opportunities for pharmaceutical companies, including the availability of large genomic databases linked to patient health information, the growing use of polygenic risk scores, and the direct sequencing of clinical trial participants. The Industry Pharmacogenomics Working Group (I-PWG) is an association of pharmaceutical companies actively working in the field of pharmacogenomics. This I-PWG perspective will provide an overview of the steps pharmaceutical companies are taking to address each of these challenges, and the approaches being taken to capitalize on emerging scientific opportunities.
Acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective primary lower limb arthroplasty
Authors: Farrow Luke , Smillie Stacey , Duncumb Joseph , Chan Brian , Cranfield Karen , Ashcroft George , Stevenson Iain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recent research has outlined the increasing incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its effect on morbidity/mortality. There is evidence that current rates are significantly under-reported nationally, with uncertainty about pre-operative factors that might influence AKI reduction and the impact on other healthcare outcomes such as mortality and later Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) development. We set out to help address these current deficiencies in the literature.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using data collected from patients undergoing elective primary lower limb arthroplasty within our institution from 01/10/16–31/09/17 with a 2-year follow-up.

Results
53/782 (6.8%) patients had an AKI during the study time period. This was associated with a longer inpatient stay (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality (p = 0.134), 30-day readmission (p = 1.00) or later CKD development (p = 0.63). Independent predictors of AKI were as follows: Diabetes (OR 2.49; 95%CI 1.15–5.38; p = 0.021), CKD (OR 4.59; 95%CI 2.37–8.92; p < 0.001) and Male sex (OR 2.61; 95%CI 1.42–4.78; p = 0.002).

Conclusions
AKI in those undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty remains under-reported at a national level. AKI development was associated with an increased length of stay, but not long-term healthcare outcomes. This may be due to the mechanism of AKI development or the low absolute numbers of AKI suffered. We have identified three pre-operative factors (Diabetes, CKD & Male Sex) that were independently predictive of AKI. Targeted interventions may reduce the risk of AKI after lower limb arthroplasty.
From Uniaxial Testing of Isolated Layers to a Tri-Layered Arterial Wall: A Novel Constitutive Modelling Framework
Authors: Giudici Alessandro , Khir Ashraf W. , Szafron Jason M. , Spronck Bart 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMechanical testing and constitutive modelling of isolated arterial layers yields insight into the individual layers’ mechanical properties, but per se fails to recapitulate the in vivo loading state, neglecting layer-specific residual stresses. The aim of this study was to develop a testing/modelling framework that integrates layer-specific uniaxial testing data into a three-layered model of the arterial wall, thereby enabling study of layer-specific mechanics under realistic (patho)physiological conditions. Circumferentially and axially oriented strips of pig thoracic aortas (n = 10) were tested uniaxially. Individual arterial layers were then isolated from the wall, tested, and their mechanical behaviour modelled using a hyperelastic strain energy function. Subsequently, the three layers were computationally assembled into a single flat-walled sample, deformed into a cylindrical vessel, and subjected to physiological tension-inflation. At the in vivo axial stretch of 1.10 ± 0.03, average circumferential wall stress was 75 ± 9 kPa at 100 mmHg, which almost doubled to 138 ± 15 kPa at 160 mmHg. A ~ 200% stiffening of the adventitia over the 60 mmHg pressure increase shifted layer-specific load-bearing from the media (65 ± 10% → 61 ± 14%) to the adventitia (28 ± 9% → 32 ± 14%). Our approach provides valuable insight into the (patho)physiological mechanical roles of individual arterial layers at different loading states, and can be implemented conveniently using simple, inexpensive and widely available uniaxial testing equipment.
Representation, Propagation, and Interpretation of Uncertain Knowledge in Dynamic Probabilistic Material Flow Models
Authors: Bornhöft Nikolaus A. , Nowack Bernd , Hilty Lorenz M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe determination of the environmental concentration of a pollutant is a crucial step in the risk assessment of anthropogenic substances. Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis (DPMFA) is a method to predict flows of substances to the environment that can be converted into environmental concentrations. In cases where direct quantitative measurements of concentrations are impossible, environmental stocks are predicted by reproducing the flow processes creating these stocks in a mathematical model. Incomplete parameter knowledge is represented in the form of stochastic distributions and propagated through the model using Monte Carlo simulation. This work discusses suitable means for the model design and the representation of system knowledge from several information sources of varying credibility as model parameter distributions, further evaluation of the simulation outcomes using sensitivity analyses, and the impacts of parameter uncertainty on the total uncertainty of the simulation output. Based on a model developed in a case study of carbon nanotubes in Switzerland, the modeling process, the representation and interpretation of the simulation results are described and approaches to sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are demonstrated. Finally, the overall approach is summarized and provided in the form of a set of modelling and evaluation rules for DPMFA studies.
Post-Phenomenology, Transduction, and Speculative Fabulations
Authors: Lally Róisín 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis response briefly argues that post-phenomenology has always cut across the transcendental-empirical divide and is able to cultivate a deep respect for technologies in their otherness, without denying their relation to humanity. It does this by revisiting Don Ihde’s genetic phenomenological variations and tracing its relation to Gilbert Simondon’s ontogenesis. Having set up the historical nature of objects, the second part of this paper will take up Yoni Van Den Eede’s call for a more speculative approach.
Development of prediction model for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture screening without using clinical risk factors, compared with FRAX and other previous models
Authors: Chanplakorn Pongsthorn , Lertudomphonwanit Thamrong , Daraphongsataporn Nuttorn , Sritara Chanika , Jaovisidha Suphaneewan , Sa-Ngasoongsong Paphon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSummaryThis study developed a prediction model to assess the need for asymptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) screening in women without using clinical risk factors. Our results demonstrated that the combination of age, height loss, and femoral neck T-score can predict OVCF comparable to previous models, including FRAX.PurposeOsteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a major fracture in osteoporosis patients. Early detection of OVCF can reduce the risk of subsequent fractures and death. Many existing diagnostic tools can screen for the risk of osteoporotic fracture but none aim to identify OVCF. The objective of this research is to study a predictive model for capturing OVCF and compare it with previous models.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted that included women aged ≥ 50 years who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and vertebral fracture screening between 2012 and 2019. The data included age, height, weight, history of height loss (HHL), and bone mass density (BMD). Receiver operating characteristic analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. The predictive OVCF model was formulated, and the result was compared to other models.ResultsA total of 617 women, a 179 of which had OVCFs, were eligible for analysis. Multivariate regression analysis showed age > 65, height loss > 1.5 cm, and femoral neck T-score < -1.7 as independent risk factors for OVCF. This model revealed comparable performance with FRAX. The model without BMD revealed superior performance to FRAX and other standard osteoporosis assessment models.ConclusionsBMD and vertebral fracture screening should be eligible for individual women age > 65 years with an HHL more than 1.5 cm, regardless of BMD. Vertebral fracture assessment should be additionally conducted on these women with a femoral neck T-score less than -1.7.
l-arginine, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine for early outcome prediction in unselected cardiac arrest victims: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Csiszar Beata , Marton Zsolt , Riba Janos , Csecsei Peter , Nagy Lajos , Toth Kalman , Halmosi Robert , Sandor Barbara , Kenyeres Peter , Molnar Tihamer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly prediction of the mortality, neurological outcome is clinically essential after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To find a prognostic marker among unselected cardiac arrest survivors, we aimed to evaluate the alterations of the l-arginine pathway molecules in the early post-resuscitation care. We prospectively enrolled adult patients after successfully resuscitated in- or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Blood samples were drawn within 6, 24, and 72 post-cardiac arrest hours to measure asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and l-arginine plasma concentrations. We recorded Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, and Cerebral Performance Category scores. Endpoints were 72 h, intensive care unit, and 30-day mortality. Among 54 enrolled patients [median age: 67 (61–78) years, 48% male], the initial ADMA levels were significantly elevated in those who died within 72 h [0.88 (0.64–0.97) µmol/L vs. 0.55 (0.45–0.69) µmol/L, p = 0.001]. Based on receiver operator characteristic analysis (AUC = 0.723; p = 0.005) of initial ADMA for poor neurological outcome, the best cutoff was determined as > 0.65 µmol/L (sensitivity = 66.7%; specificity = 81.5%), while for 72 h mortality (AUC = 0.789; p = 0.001) as > 0.81 µmol/L (sensitivity = 71.0%; specificity = 87.5%). Based on multivariate analysis, initial ADMA (OR = 1.8 per 0.1 µmol/L increment; p = 0.002) was an independent predictor for 72 h mortality. Increased initial ADMA predicts 72 h mortality and poor neurological outcome among unselected cardiac arrest victims.