bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Prelithiation of 4.5 V LiCoO2||Graphite Batteries by a Passivated Lithium‐Carbon Composite
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Yi Ruowei , Zheng Lei , Liu Ya , Li Zhiyun , Zeng Leiying , Shen Yanbin , Lu Wei , Chen Liwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrelithiation can replenish active Li into the battery to compensate the Li consumption due to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surface, therefore improving the energy density of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), especially for batteries using electrode materials with low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). However, practical prelithiation in LIBs is a challenge since most lithiated compounds with high specific capacity are unstable and industrially incompatible. Herein, an effective prelithiation strategy is demonstrated by using a lithium‐carbon (Li‐C) microsphere composite. These Li‐C microspheres are passivated by a self‐assembled monolayer of octadecylphosphonic acid, which suppresses the reaction between Li and commonly used slurry solvent 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP). After the addition of passivated Li‐C into the NMP‐based graphite slurry, the ICE of the graphite||Li half‐cell boosts from 88.5% to 100.5%. In a 4.5 V LiCoO2(LCO)||graphite full‐cell, the supplementary Li source avoids excessive delithiation of LCO, thus suppressing the destructive phase transformation at high delithiation potential. As a result, the prelithiated LCO||graphite full‐cell presents an initial discharge capacity of 201 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention after 100 cycles increases by 7.1 %. This work provides a practical approach for developing high energy density and long cycle life LIBs.
Composite outcomes in observational studies of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Magro Fernando , Alves Catarina , Santiago Mafalda , Ministro Paula , Lago Paula , Correia Luís , Gonçalves Raquel , Carvalho Diana , Portela Francisco , Dias Cláudia Camila , Dignass Axel , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Moreira Paula ,   on behalf GEDII (Portuguese IBD Group)
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) has been the focus of numerous observational studies over the years and a common strategy employed in their design is the use of composite and aggregate outcomes.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to identify composite and aggregate outcomes of observational studies in UC and to evaluate how the number and type of variables included and the length of follow‐up affect the frequency of patients that achieve these outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using MEDLINE [via PubMed], Scopus, and Web of Science online databases. Observational studies that included UC patients and reported composite or aggregate outcomes were identified. A set of variables considered to be representative of progressive or disabling UC was defined, the proportion of patients attaining the outcomes was determined and a random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed by dividing the identified studies into subgroups according to different criteria of interest.ResultsA total of 10,264 records were identified in the systematic search, of which 33 were retained for qualitative analysis and 20 were included in the meta‐analysis. The mean frequency for composite outcomes was 0.363 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.323‐0.403]. The frequency of composite outcome for the subgroup of studies that included the variable “Biologics” was significantly higher than for those in which this variable was not reported [0.410; 95% CI 0.364‐0.457 versus 0.298; 95% CI 0.232‐0.364; p = 0.006]. Composite outcomes were also more frequent as the follow‐up duration increased.ConclusionThe frequency of composite outcomes in observational studies of UC is dependent on the specific identity of the variables being reported. Moreover, longer follow‐up periods are associated with higher frequencies of composite outcomes. The evidence provided here is useful for the design of future observational studies of UC that aim to maximize the frequency of patients that achieve composite outcomes.
Capacity Development Associated with the Implementation of Emissions Trading System in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez María Concepción Martínez , Moreno Catherine Nieto , Aranda Mariana Marcelino 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe creation of an emissions trading system in Mexico as response to international policy on climate change forces the government and corporations to create new activities and responsibilities to address this issue. It is also important to know who will be the decision-maker and who is in charge of the institutional work (representation and negotiation). The main objective of this chapter is to point out who the stakeholders involved in the design, implementation, evaluation and transparency of the system are, or should be, according to the national regulatory framework and international summons. We shall also analyze the mechanics and information provided by the system and how it helps to make environmental policy, which helps to reduce emissions. Finally, we will also analyze whether it also helps to establish strategic alliances and international agreements toward common objectives and priorities. The chapter approaches the topic based on capacity development theory, which focuses on improving governance among different levels and stakeholders: government, companies, civil organizations, and scientists. We emphasize the potential of training spaces as a place for transformation and developing a learning framework whose own relevance relies on the focus of emergent strategies, which ensure the environmental integrity and conditions for the country’s competence in the international context. This chapter contributes to existing literature about the understanding of executing such a system, the stakeholders involved at the national level, and their potential to create international networks.
The γπ → ππ anomaly from lattice QCD and dispersion relations
Authors: Niehus Malwin , Hoferichter Martin , Kubis Bastian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose a formalism to extract the γπ → ππ chiral anomaly F3π from calculations in lattice QCD performed at larger-than-physical pion masses. To this end, we start from a dispersive representation of the γ(*)π → ππ amplitude, whose main quark-mass dependence arises from the ππ scattering phase shift and can be derived from chiral perturbation theory via the inverse-amplitude method. With parameters constrained by lattice calculations of the P-wave phase shift, we use this combination of dispersion relations and effective field theory to extrapolate two recent γ(*)π → ππ calculations in lattice QCD to the physical point. Our formalism allows us to extract the radiative coupling of the ρ(770) meson and, for the first time, the chiral anomaly F3π = 38(16)(11) GeV−3. The result is consistent with the chiral prediction albeit within large uncertainties, which will improve in accordance with progress in future lattice-QCD computations.
One-loop partition function, gauge accessibility and spectra in AdS3 gravity
Authors: Acosta Joel , Garbarz Alan , Goya Andrés , Leston Mauricio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We continue the study of the one-loop partition function of AdS3 gravity with focus on the square-integrability condition on the fluctuating fields. In a previous work we found that the Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions follow directly from the L2 condition. Here we rederive the partition function as a ratio of Laplacian determinants by performing a suitable decomposition of the metric fluctuations. We pay special attention to the asymptotics of the fields appearing in the partition function. We also show that in the usual computation using ghost fields for the de Donder gauge, such gauge condition is accessible precisely for square-integrable ghost fields. Finally, we compute the spectrum of the relevant Laplacians in thermal AdS3, in particular noticing that there are no isolated eigenvalues, only essential spectrum. This last result supports the analytic continuation approach of David, Gaberdiel and Gopakumar. The purely essential spectra found are consistent with the independent results of Lee and Delay of the essential spectrum of the TT rank-2 tensor Lichnerowickz Laplacian on asymptotically hyperbolic spaces.
The impact of gender of the examiner on orofacial pain perception and pain reporting among healthy volunteers
Authors: Lövgren A. , Häggman-Henrikson B. , Fjellman-Wiklund A. , Begic A. , Landgren H. , Lundén V. , Svensson P. , Österlund C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pain on palpation of jaw muscles is a commonly used diagnostic criterion when examining patients with orofacial pain. It is not known, however, if pain reports are affected by the gender of the examiner. Our aim was to investigate if pressure pain threshold (PPT), pressure pain tolerance (PTol), and pain intensity assessed over the masseter muscles in healthy individuals are affected by the gender of the examiner.

Materials and methods
Healthy, pain-free individuals were recruited on a voluntary basis. PPT and PTol were assessed using pressure algometry. At the PTol level, participants also rated pain intensity on a 0–10 numeric rating scale. Assessments of PPT and PTol were conducted with six repeated measurements performed twice, separately by one female and one male examiner, on each participant.

Results
In total, 84 participants (43 women; median age 24, IQR 6) were included. With a female examiner, women reported higher pain intensity than men (Mann Whitney U, p = 0.005). In the multivariable analysis, significantly higher PTol was predicted by male examiner. Also, a higher ratio between PTol and reported pain intensity was predicted by male examiner.

Conclusions
The gender of the examiner influences pain reporting and perception in an experimental setting. This effect on pain perception related to gender of the examiner is probably related to normative gender behaviors rather than to biological alterations within the examined individual.

Clinical relevance
In clinical and experimental settings, gender of the examiner may affect not only pain perception but also pain reporting, with potential implications for diagnostics in patients with pain.
Utilizing environmental DNA for wide-range distributions of reproductive area of an invasive terrestrial toad in Ishikari river basin in Japan
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroki , Kishida Osamu , Takai Kotaro , Matsuura Naru , Araki Hitoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of invasive species and their reproductive area is crucial for their managements after invasion. While catch and observation surveys are still embraced, environmental DNA (eDNA) has been increasingly utilized as an efficient tool for identifying these species in the wild. In this study, we developed a Bufo-specific eDNA assay for detecting an invasive, toxic, and terrestrial toad species Bufo japonicus formosus in Hokkaido, Japan, and applied it to their reproductive area at watershed scale. The eDNA assay was field-validated in ponds where B. japonicus were observed, as well as in rivers downstream of the reproductive ponds. Thus, the assay provided us an opportunity to screen watersheds that include their reproductive area by collecting downstream water samples. Applying it to the Ishikari river basin, the largest river basin in Hokkaido (c.a., 14,330 km2), we detected toad eDNA at 32 out of 73 sampling sites. They are composed of eleven sites with species observation records nearby (all the sites with observation records within a 500 m radius) and 21 sites without such records. And those eDNA detections were from twelve out of 31 river systems in the entire river basin. A Bayesian, multiscale occupancy model supported high eDNA detectability among those sites. These results suggest that the eDNA assay can efficiently estimate the presence of reproductive area of the terrestrial toad even from a distant downstream of the watershed, and that it provides a powerful means of detecting new reproductive area and monitoring further spread of invasive species.
Potential impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection on drought risk managements over major river basins in Africa
Authors: Abiodun Babatunde J. , Odoulami Romaric C. , Sawadogo Windmanagda , Oloniyo Olumuyiwa A. , Abatan Abayomi A. , New Mark , Lennard Christopher , Izidine Pinto , Egbebiyi Temitope S. , MacMartin Douglas G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost socio-economic activities in Africa depend on the continent’s river basins, but effectively managing drought risks over the basins in response to climate change remains a big challenge. While studies have shown that the stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) intervention could mitigate temperature-related climate change impacts over Africa, there is a dearth of information on how the SAI intervention could influence drought characteristics and drought risk managements over the river basins. The present study thus examines the potential impacts of climate change and the SAI intervention on droughts and drought management over the major river basins in Africa. Multi-ensemble climate simulation datasets from the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS) Project were analysed for the study. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to characterize the upper and lower limits of future drought severity, respectively, over the basins. The SPEI is a function of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, whereas the SPI is only a function of rainfall, so the difference between the two indices is influenced by atmospheric evaporative demand. The results of the study show that, while the SAI intervention, as simulated in GLENS, may offset the impacts of climate change on temperature and atmospheric evaporative demand, the level of SAI that compensates for temperature change would overcompensate for the impacts on precipitation and therefore impose a climate water balance deficit in the tropics. SAI would narrow the gaps between SPEI and SPI projections over the basins by reducing SPEI drought frequency through reduced temperature and atmospheric evaporative demand while increasing SPI drought frequency through reduced rainfall. The narrowing of this gap lowers the level of uncertainty regarding future changes in drought frequency, but nonetheless has implications for future drought management in the basins, because while SAI lowers the upper limit of the future drought stress, it also raises the lower limit of the drought stress.
Students’ multimodal knowledge sharing in school: Spatial repertoires and semiotic assemblages
Authors: Stenliden Linnea , Nissen Jörgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a world ‘flooded’ with data, students in school need adequate tools as Visual Analytics (VA), that easily process mass data, give support in drawing advanced conclusions and help to make informed predictions in relation to societal circumstances. Methods for how the students’ insights may be reformulated and presented in ‘appropriate’ modes are required as well. Therefore, the aim in this study is to analyse elementary school students’ practices of communicating visual discoveries, their insights, as the final stage in the knowledge-building process with an VA-application for interactive data visualization. A design-based intervention study is conducted in one social science classroom to explore modes for students presentation of insights, constructed from the interactive data visualizations. Video captures are used to document 30 students’ multifaceted presentations. The analyses are based on concepts from Pennycook (2018) and Deleuze and Guattari (1987). To account for how different modes interact, when students present their findings, one significant empirical sequence is described in detail. The emerging communicative dimensions (visual-, bodily- and verbal-) are embedded within broad spatial repertoires distributing flexible semiotic assemblages. These assemblages provide an incentive for the possibilities of teachers’ assessments of their students’ knowledge outcomes.
Networked Struggles: Placards at Pakistan’s Aurat March
Authors: Kamal Daanika R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAurat March [Women’s March] is an annual event organised in various cities across Pakistan to observe International Women’s Day. Since its inception in 2018, the March has been condemned by conservative religious and political segments of society for reasons relating to propriety. This commentary explores how placards predominantly form the object of censure in the movement’s backlash. By reflecting on discourses on mainstream and social media, I first assess the use of placards in constructing networks of feminist voices. I then assess the (re)production of anti-feminist discourses, sparked by commentary on (select) placards and doctored images to promote dis/misinformation campaigns through the convergence of networked misogyny. Placards at Aurat March have therefore constructed a space for resistance—both by the movement and in retaliation to it—shifting the placard to a site of networked struggles over feminist and women’s participation in public spaces.
‘No-One Can Tell a Story Better than the One Who Lived It’: Reworking Constructions of Childhood and Trauma Through the Arts in Rwanda
Authors: Pells Kirrily , Breed Ananda , Uwihoreye Chaste , Ndushabandi Eric , Elliott Matthew , Nzahabwanayo Sylvestre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe intergenerational legacies of conflict and violence for children and young people are typically approached within research and interventions through the lens of trauma. Understandings of childhood and trauma are based on bio-psychological frameworks emanating from the Global North, often at odds with the historical, political, economic, social and cultural contexts in which interventions are enacted, and neglect the diversity of knowledge, experiences and practices. Within this paper we explore these concerns in the context of Rwanda and the aftermath of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi. We reflect on two qualitative case studies: Connective Memories and Mobile Arts for Peace which both used arts-based approaches drawing on the richness of Rwandan cultural forms, such as proverbs and storytelling practices, to explore knowledge and processes of meaning-making about trauma, memory, and everyday forms of conflict from the perspectives of children and young people. We draw on these findings to argue that there is a need to refine and elaborate understandings of intergenerational transmission of trauma in Rwanda informed by: the historical and cultural context; intersections of structural and ‘everyday’ forms of conflict and social trauma embedded in intergenerational relations; and a reworking of notions of trauma ‘transmission’ to encompass the multiple connectivities between generations, temporalities and expressions of trauma.
Hamiltonian energy computation and complex behavior of a small heterogeneous network of three neurons: circuit implementation
Authors: Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Awrejcewicz Jan , Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Kengne Jacques 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBrain functions are sometimes emulated using some analog integrated circuits based on the organizational principle of natural neural networks. Neuromorphic engineering is the research branch devoted to the study and realization of such circuits with striking features. In this contribution, a novel small network of three neurons is introduced and investigated. The model is built from the coupling between two 2D Hindmarsh–Rose neurons through a 2D FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron. Thus, a heterogeneous coupled network is obtained. The biophysical energy released by the network during each electrical activity is evaluated. In addition, nonlinear analysis tools such as two-parameter Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagrams, the graph of the largest Lyapunov exponent, phase portraits, time series, as well as the basin of attractions are used to numerically investigate the network. It is found that the model can experience hysteresis justified by the simultaneous existence of three distinct electrical activities using the same set of parameters. Finally, the circuit implementation of the network is addressed in PSPICE to further support the obtained results.
Strategic Responses to Institutional Voids (Rationalization, Aggression, and Defensiveness): Institutional Complementarity and Why the Home Country Matters
Authors: Luiz John M. , Magada Takudzwa , Mukumbuzi Regis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe seek to understand how the strategic responses of firms to institutional voids are affected by their home countries’ institutional contexts. It adopts an exploratory, multiple case studies approach examining the responses of advanced and emerging multinational enterprises, and local firms in two African countries which are characterized by such voids, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe. Our research suggests that firms’ strategic responses to institutional voids in emerging or developing markets are affected by the home country’s institutional environment and firms’ experiences and advantages arising from that home context. Firms adopt strategic responses which reflect their respective advantages and this results in diverse approaches based on the interplay between capitalizing upon internal resources and institutional know-how. For some firms this may result in a defensive strategic response, whilst for others opportunistic and aggressive agility, or rationalization and reconciliation may manifest. We demonstrate differences between advanced and emerging multinational enterprises and domestic firms covering the spectrum between institutional outsiders and insiders. We emphasize the contextual nature of these strategic responses and argue that this requires integrating both a resource and institution-based analysis of firms’ underlying advantages and how they are able to leverage off these advantages in institutionally voided environments. Practical implications arise for doing business in emerging and developing markets.
Time-independent perturbation theory with Lagrange multipliers
Authors: Yu Chaehyun , Jung Dong-Won , Kim U-Rae , Lee Jungil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe derive the formulas for the energy and wavefunction of the time-independent Schrödinger equation with perturbation in a compact form. Unlike the conventional approaches based on Rayleigh–Schrödinger or Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theories, we employ a recently developed approach of matrix-valued Lagrange multipliers that regularizes an eigenproblem. The Lagrange-multiplier regularization makes the characteristic matrix for an eigenproblem invertible. After applying the constraint equation to recover the original equation, we find the solutions of the energy and wavefunction consistent with the conventional approaches. This formalism does not rely on an iterative way and the order-by-order corrections are easily obtained by taking the Taylor expansion. The Lagrange-multiplier regularization formalism for perturbation theory presented in this paper is completely new and can be extended to the degenerate perturbation theory in a straightforward manner. We expect that this new formalism is also pedagogically useful to give insights on the perturbation theory in quantum mechanics.
On the representations of the braid group constructed by C. M. Egea and E. Galina
Authors: Kahil Rana S. , Abdulrahim Mohammad N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we determine a sufficient condition for the irreducibility of the family of representations of the braid group constructed by C. M. Egea and E. Galina without requiring that the representations are self-adjoint. Then, we construct a new subfamily of multi-parameter representations $$(\psi _m,V_m), $$

(

ψ
m

,

V
m

)
,

$$1\le m< n$$

1
≤
m
<
n

, of dimension $$ V_m =\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ m\end{array}}\right) $$

V
m

=

n

m

. Finally, we study the irreducibility of $$(\psi _m,V_m) $$

(

ψ
m

,

V
m

)

.