bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated audio recording as a means of surveying tinamous (Tinamidae) in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Rumelt Reid B. , Basto Arianna , Mere Roncal Carla 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The use of machine learning technologies to process large quantities of remotely collected audio data is a powerful emerging research tool in ecology and conservation.

We applied these methods to a field study of tinamou (Tinamidae) biology in Madre de Dios, Peru, a region expected to have high levels of interspecies competition and niche partitioning as a result of high tinamou alpha diversity. We used autonomous recording units to gather environmental audio over a period of several months at lowland rainforest sites in the Los Amigos Conservation Concession and developed a Convolutional Neural Network‐based data processing pipeline to detect tinamou vocalizations in the dataset.

The classified acoustic event data are comparable to similar metrics derived from an ongoing camera trapping survey at the same site, and it should be possible to combine the two datasets for future explorations of the target species' niche space parameters.

Here, we provide an overview of the methodology used in the data collection and processing pipeline, offer general suggestions for processing large amounts of environmental audio data, and demonstrate how data collected in this manner can be used to answer questions about bird biology.
Policy coherence for sustainable development and environmental security: A case study of European Union policies on renewable energy
Authors: Häbel Sandra , Hakala Emma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolicy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD) and environmental security are crucial for achieving sustainable development, yet their intersections remain largely unexplored. In this article, we combine these two approaches to examine renewable energy policies of the European Union (EU). The EU is a key actor championing sustainable development, often considered to be a ground breaker particularly in environmental policies. At the same time, the EU aims to be a significant global security actor, and it has also recognised the role of environmental change as a factor for security. In this article, we explore whether the EU coherently integrates the sustainable development dimensions (society, environment, economy) in its renewable energy policies through inductive and deductive content analysis of key policy documents. Our analysis shows that the EU's renewable energy policies are not fully coherent with all dimensions of sustainability, particularly with respects to societal considerations and impacts on third countries.
Right ventricular and cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling abnormalities in stages B and C of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Petit Thibault , Claessen Guido , Claeys Mathias , La Gerche Andre , Claus Piet , Ghysels Stefan , Delcroix Marion , Ciarka Agnieszka , Droogne Walter , Van Cleemput Johan , Willems Rik , Voigt Jens‐Uwe , Bogaert Jan , Janssens Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsIdentifying early right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and impaired vasodilator reserve is challenging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)‐based exercise imaging and serial cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) measurements can identify dynamic RV‐arterial uncoupling and responsiveness to pulmonary vasodilators at early stages of the HFpEF syndrome.Methods and resultsPatients with HFpEF (n = 16), impaired left ventricular relaxation due to concentric remodelling (LVCR, n = 7), and healthy controls (n = 8) underwent CMR at rest and during supine bicycle exercise with simultaneous measurements of central haemodynamics and circulating cGMP levels, before and after oral administration of 50 mg sildenafil. At rest, mean pulmonary artery pressures (mPAP) were higher in HFpEF, compared with LVCR and controls (27 ± 2, 18 ± 1, and 11 ± 1, respectively; P = 0.01), whereas biventricular volumes, heart rate, and stroke volume were similar. During exercise, LVCR and HFpEF had a greater increase in the ratio of mPAP over cardiac output than controls (5.50 ± 0.77 and 6.34 ± 0.86 vs. 2.24 ± 0.55 in controls, P = 0.005). The ratio of peak exercise to rest RV end‐systolic pressure‐volume, a surrogate of RV contractility, was significantly reduced in LVCR and HFpEF (2.32 ± 0.17 and 1.56 ± 0.08 vs. 3.49 ± 0.35 in controls, P < 0.001) and correlated with peak exercise VO2 (R2 = 0.648, P < 0.001). cGMP levels increased with exercise across the HFpEF spectrum (P < 0.05 vs. baseline), except when postcapillary pulmonary hypertension was present at rest (P = 0.73 vs. baseline). A single sildenafil administration failed to increase circulating cGMP levels and did not improve RV performance.ConclusionExercise CMR identifies impaired RV‐arterial coupling at an early stage of HFpEF. Circulating cGMP levels phenocopy the haemodynamic spectrum in HFpEF but fail to increase after phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition, endorsing the need for alternative interventions to increase cGMP signalling in HFpEF.
The prediction of right atrial pressure using electrocardiogram: a novel approach
Authors: Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Naderi Nasim , Chenaghlou Maryam , Taghavi Sepideh , Amin Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disorder that can complicate pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Right atrial (RA) pressure is a robust predictor of the pulmonary hypertension severity, which is measured via right heart catheterization. Limited studies have been carried out to assess the association between electrocardiogram data and the RA pressure as a prognostic factor of PH. In this study, the relation between P wave and PR segment changes with RA pressure was evaluated.Methods and resultsIn this study, 94 patients in PH groups of 1, 3, and 4, based on the World Health Organization classification, were entered. RA pressure was measured using the right heart catheterization. PR segment and P wave morphology in leads II and V1 were evaluated in patient's electrocardiogram. The median age of the patients was 35.5 years old in which 64.9% of them were female. The distribution of patients in groups 1, 3, and 4 PH were 77.7%, 5.3%, and 17%, respectively. Among the studied P wave and PR segment changes, PR segment depression in lead II and pulmonary P wave in lead V1 had significant relation with the RA pressure (P‐value <0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values of PR segment depression for detection of patients with high RA pressure (RA pressure > 14 mmHg) were 80%, 84%, and 94%. The specificity and negative predictive values of pulmonary P wave in lead V1 were determined 89% and 88%.ConclusionsIt was found that the PR segment depression in lead II and pulmonary P wave in lead V1 associate with the RA pressure in patients with precapillary PH. PR segment depression had useful sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values, and the pulmonary P wave in lead V1 had acceptable specificity and negative predictive values for detection of patients with high RA pressure. Therefore, the electrocardiogram can be used as a screening tool for determination of pulmonary hypertension severity.
On the Synthesis and Reduction of Trigonal Halido Bis(silylamido) Metalates of Chromium to Cobalt
Authors: Weller Ruth , Völlinger Lena , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of halido bis(silylamido) metalates of chromium to cobalt is reported. Reaction of [NBu4]Br with linear metal silylamides ML2 (M=Mn−Co, L=−N(SiMe3)2, −N(Dipp)SiMe3; Dipp=2,6‐iPr−C6H3) leads to NBu4[M(Br)L2] whereas for chromium either intramolecular deprotonation (L=−N(SiMe3)2) or ligand exchange (L=−N(Dipp)SiMe3) is observed. Attempts for their reduction with KC8 showed in part the formation of linear metal(I) silylamide complexes but also degradation. In contrast, analogous compounds bearing a [K{18c6}]+ counter ion of cobalt and iron, obtained from reaction of anionic linear metal(I) complexes [M{N(SiMe3)2}2]− with allyl bromide – can be cleanly reduced. The adduct formation studies are also extended to benzyl potassium yielding [KM(Bn)L2] (M=Mn, Co) and subsequently the salt separated [K{18c6}][M(Bn)L2] using 18‐crown‐6 as sequestrating agent.
Spatial Recruitment of Cardiolipins in Inguinal White Adipose Tissue after Cold Stimulation is Independent of UCP1
Authors: Dieckmann Sebastian , Maurer Stefanie , Kleigrewe Karin , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrown and brite adipocytes are unique for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) dependent non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) induced by cold exposure. Several lipid species are associated with NST in brown and white adipose tissues (WAT). Studies investigating this association rely on the analysis of whole organ homogenates, or pre‐adipocytes differentiated in vitro. These approaches do not account for the regional heterogeneity of WAT. The authors aimed to characterize the spatial lipid composition of WAT in an in vivo context to identify and validate lipids colocalized with UCP1. Therefore, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI), high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry are applied on sections of inguinal WAT from UCP1 knockout and wildtype mice acclimatized to cold. The authors identified spatial overlap of cardiolipins and diacylglycerols in UCP1 positive regions, and triacylglycerols as the main lipid class characteristic for UCP1 negative regions within inguinal WAT. Investigation of UCP1 knockout and wildtype mice housed at room temperature or acclimatized to cold demonstrated that cardiolipins content in WAT is increased upon cold stimulation, independent of UCP1. In summary, a MALDI‐MSI‐based approach is introduced to identify lipids associated with thermogenic adipocytes in adipose tissues and demonstrate a regional cold‐dependent upregulation of cardiolipins independent of UCP1.Practical application: It is demonstrated that MALDI‐MSI is a valuable tool to investigate the spatial distribution of lipids in WAT. Consequently, it is an important complement to LC‐MS/MS analysis of whole tissue homogenates. In combination with immunohistochemistry, it allows the straightforward examination of potential interactions between structural and metabolic traits, as demonstrated by spatial colocalization of UCP1 expression with specific lipid species in the current study. As a major advantage, this enables analyses on subsets of the same sample combining different analytic approaches, thereby potentially reducing the number of experimental animals.
A Highly Sensitive Amperometric Galactose Biosensor Based on Graphene‐doped Sol‐gel‐derived Titania‐Nafion Composite Films
Authors: Lee Sumin , Jeong Daeho , Lee Sangjung , Nam Sungju , Lee Won‐Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive amperometric galactose biosensor was developed by encapsulating galactose oxidase within the graphene‐doped sol‐gel titania‐Nafion composite film on platinized glassy carbon electrode. Due to the combined electrocatalytic activity of graphene and Pt NPs on the electrode towards hydrogen peroxide as well as the mesoporous nature of the titania‐Nafion composite, the present galactose biosensor exhibited relatively fast response time under 2 s, high sensitivity of 40.6 mAM−1cm−2, and wide dynamic range over three orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 3.78×10−6 M (S/N=3). In addition, the biocompatible composite in the biosensor secures excellent long‐term stability.
Platinum‐group element and Au geochemistry of an ultramafic intrusion from the Sonakhan greenstone belt, Bastar craton, Central India: Tectono‐magmatic implications
Authors: Manu Prasanth M. P. , Shellnutt J. Gregory , Hari K. R. , Chalapathi Rao N. V. , Hou Guiting 
Published: September 2021

The Sonakhan greenstone belt (SGB), located in the north‐eastern Bastar craton of the Indian shield, comprises mafic‐ultramafic and volcanic‐intrusive sequences in the lower stratigraphic units. We investigate the Platinum‐group element (PGE) relations of Boradih intrusion of the SGB to evaluate its tectono‐magmatic evolution. The chondrite‐normalized PGE patterns of boninitic cumulate rocks exhibit higher abundance of Palladium group PGEs (∑PPGE = 292–496 ppb) relative to the Iridium group PGEs (∑IPGE = 32–52 ppb) along with variable Au concentrations (51.34–718.05 ppb). The PGE concentrations are attributed to a boninitic parental melt, where the IPGEs in the source possibly partitioned into a monosulphide solid solution. The Cu (22–80 ppm), elevated Pt (22–238 ppb), and Pd (31–377 ppb) concentrations indicate Pt and Pd have partitioned into a semi‐metal rich melt during the later stages of crystallization. The geochemical characteristics of the basalts and ultramafic cumulates of the SGB indicate a supra‐subduction zone tectonic setting for its formation. Similar geochemical and litho‐tectonic correlations are also noticed between the SGB of Bastar craton and greenstone belts of the Eastern Dharwar craton of south India. The SGB (V/Yb =146 ± 25) and greenstone belts of Eastern Dharwar craton (V/Yb = 134 ± 52) record similar oxidation conditions of Phanerozoic subduction zones. Accordingly, we propose magmatic as well as tectonic correlations are possible for the Archean‐Palaeoproterozoic Bastar and Eastern Dharwar cratons.
The nature of the self: Neural analyses and heritability estimates of self‐evaluations in middle childhood
Authors: van Drunen Lina , Dobbelaar Simone , van der Cruijsen Renske , van der Meulen Mara , Achterberg Michelle , Wierenga Lara M. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHow neural correlates of self‐concept are influenced by environmental versus genetic factors is currently not fully understood. We investigated heritability estimates of behavioral and neural correlates of self‐concept in middle childhood since this phase is an important time window for taking on new social roles in academic and social contexts. To do so, a validated self‐concept fMRI task was applied in a twin sample of 345 participants aged between 7 and 9 years. In the self‐concept condition, participants were asked to indicate whether academic and social traits applied to them whereas the control condition required trait categorization. The self‐processing activation analyses (n = 234) revealed stronger medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation for self than for control conditions. This effect was more pronounced for social‐self than academic self‐traits, whereas stronger dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation was observed for academic versus social self‐evaluations. Behavioral genetic modeling (166 complete twin pairs) revealed that 25–52% of the variation in academic self‐evaluations was explained by genetic factors, whereas 16–49% of the variation in social self‐evaluations was explained by shared environmental factors. Neural genetic modeling (91 complete twin pairs) for variation in mPFC and anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation for academic self‐evaluations confirmed genetic and unique environmental influences, whereas anterior PFC activation for social self‐evaluations was additionally influenced by shared environmental influences. This indicates that environmental context possibly has a larger impact on the behavioral and neural correlates of social self‐concept at a young age. This is the first study demonstrating in a young twin sample that self‐concept depends on both genetic and environmental factors, depending on the specific domain.
Comprehensive characterization of viral integrations and genomic aberrations in HBV‐infected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: An Jihyun , Kim Deokhoon , Oh Bora , Oh Yoo‐Jin , Song Jihyun , Park Naomi , Kim Ha Il , Kang Hyo Jeong , Oh Ji‐Hye , Kim Wonkyung , Lee Eunjung , Sung Chang Ohk , Song Gi‐Won , Kim Dae‐Ghon , Yu Eunsil , Letouzé Eric , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica , Lee Han Chu , Shim Ju Hyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Despite the epidemiological association between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and HBV infection, little is known about the relevant oncogenic effects. We sought to identify the landscape and mechanism of HBV integration, along with the genomic architecture of HBV‐infected iCCA (HBV‐iCCA) tumors.

Approach and Results
We profiled a cohort of 108 HBV‐iCCAs using whole‐genome sequencing, deep sequencing, and RNA sequencing, together with preconstructed data sets of HBV‐infected HCC (HBV‐HCC; n = 167) and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (HBV‐cHCC/CCA; n = 59), and conventional (n = 154) and fluke‐related iCCAs (n = 16). Platforms based on primary iCCA cell lines to evaluate the functional effects of chimeric transcripts were also used. We found that HBV had inserted at multiple sites in the iCCA genomes in 45 (41.7%) of the tumors. Recurrent viral integration breakpoints were found at nine different sites. The most common insertional hotspot (7 tumors) was in the TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) promoter, where insertions and mutations (11 tumors) were mutually exclusive, and were accompanied by promoter hyperactivity. Recurrent HBV integration events (5 tumors) were also detected in FAT2 (FAT atypical cadherin 2), and were associated with enrichment of epithelial–mesenchymal transition–related genes. A distinctive intergenic insertion (chr9p21.3), between DMRTA1 (DMRT like family A1) and LINC01239 (long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 1239), had oncogenic effects through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/4EBP/S6K pathway. Regarding the mutational profiles of primary liver cancers, the overall landscape of HBV‐iCCA was closer to that of nonviral conventional iCCA, than to HBV‐HCC and HBV‐cHCC/CCA.

Conclusions
Our findings provide insight into the behavior of iCCAs driven by various pathogenic mechanisms involving HBV integration events and associated genomic aberrations. This knowledge should be of use in managing HBV carriers.
ACGME Milestones in global health: Need for standardized assessment of global health training in obstetrics/gynecology residency
Authors: Monestime Gianina M. , Baird Isabelle , Rebarber Andrei , Shirazian Taraneh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCollective interest in global health training during US obstetrics/gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residency has grown over the past decade. The benefits of participation in global health electives have been well described. This review seeks to determine what literature exists regarding the use of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones in Ob/Gyn residency as an assessment tool to evaluate global health programs. The PubMed database was searched from July 14, 2020 to August 20, 2021, using six search phrases: “global health curriculum(s) and ACGME”; “international health and ACGME”; “global health and Ob/Gyn residency”; “international health and Ob/Gyn residency”; “global health and Ob/Gyn residents”; and “global health curriculum(s) and Ob/Gyn residency.” Publications that described global health programming outside of residency, within other medical specialties, and/or at non‐US institutions were excluded from this review. In total, 259 publications resulted from the preliminary search. Five articles described US global health residency training in Ob/Gyn in some capacity. Only one publication described a specific global health elective and its evaluation with respect to ACGME Milestones. Despite growing popularity of global health electives among residency programs, few are assessing the educational value of these offerings using ACGME Milestones or describing these efforts in the literature.
Pevonedistat attenuates cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in mice by downregulating the release of inflammatory mediators
Authors: El‐Far Yousra M. , El‐Mesery Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPevonedistat (MLN4924) is a specific NEDD8‐activating enzyme inhibitor that inactivates cullin–RING ligases involved in ubiquitylation and turnover of different signaling molecules. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of pevonedistat on cisplatin (CIS)‐induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Serum creatinine and urea levels were analyzed in different groups. Histopathological examination of renal tissue was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, renal IL‐6 and TNF‐α expressions were analyzed using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique, and IL‐1β and NF‐κB expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of renal tissue. Caspase‐3, A20, β‐catenin, and Nrf2 gene expressions in renal tissue were analyzed using the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. Western blot analysis was adopted to assess cleaved caspase‐3 and β‐catenin expressions in renal tissue. Pevonedistat coadministration with CIS improved kidney functions and attenuated CIS‐induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea levels. In addition, pevonedistat coadministration with CIS showed a significant decrease in caspase‐3 and a significant increase in A20, β‐catenin, and Nrf2 gene expressions. Also, pevonedistat decreased caspase‐3 cleavage to p19 in mice treated with CIS. Moreover, pevonedistat decreased CIS‐induced upregulation of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and NF‐κB protein expressions in renal tissue. Thus, pevonedistat alleviated CIS‐induced nephrotoxicity that might be attributed to suppression of the inflammation induced in renal tissue.
Effects of Levodopa Therapy on Cerebral Arteries and Perfusion in Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Xiong Yuhui , Ji Lanxin , He Le , Chen Li , Zhang Xue , Chen Zhensen , Li Xuesong , Zhao Huilin , Shirakawa Manabu , Yuan Chun , Ma Yu , Guo Hua 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundLevodopa is the most‐commonly used therapy for Parkinson's Disease (PD). Imaging findings show increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to levodopa, but the artery morphological change is less studied.PurposeTo investigate the effect of levodopa on cerebral arteries and CBF.Study TypeProspective.Population57 PD patients (56 ± 10 years, 26 males) and 17 age‐matched healthy controls (AMC, 57 ± 9 years, 9 males) were scanned at baseline (OFF). Patients were rescanned 50 minutes after taking levodopa (ON).Field strength and sequence3 T; Simultaneous noncontrast angiography intraplaque imaging (SNAP) based on turbo field echo; Pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) based on echo‐planner imaging.AssessmentThe Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐III) was used to assess the disease severity. Length and radius of arteries were measured from SNAP images. CBF was calculated from PCASL images globally and regionally.Statistical testsMann Whitney U tests were conducted in comparing PD vs. AMC. Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank tests were used in comparing OFF vs. ON, and the more‐affected vs. the less‐affected hemisphere in PD. Linear regressions were performed to test the correlations of neuroimaging findings with behavioral changes. Significance threshold was P < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction.ResultsPD patients were identified with significantly lower CBF (PD OFF Mean = 40.15 ± 5.99, AMC Mean = 43.48 ± 6.21 mL/100 g/min) and shortened total artery length (PD OFF Mean = 5851.07 ± 1393.45, AMC Mean = 7479.16 ± 1335.93 mm). Levodopa elevated CBF of PD brains (PD ON Mean = 41.48 ± 6.32 mL/100 g/min) and expanded radius of proximal arteries. Artery radius change significantly correlated with CBF change in corresponding territories (r = 0.559 for Internal Carotid Arteries, r = 0.448 for Basilar Artery, and r = 0.464 for Middle Cerebral Artery M1). Global CBF significantly related to UPDRS‐III (r = −0.391) post‐levodopa.Data conclusionLevodopa can increase CBF by dilating proximal arteries.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage4