bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small agricultural businesses' performance—What is the role of dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, and environmental sustainability commitment?
Authors: Dias Claudia , Gouveia Rodrigues Ricardo , Ferreira João J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role that the resources and capabilities of agricultural entrepreneurs play on both environmental performance (EP) and financial performance (FP) is still unclear. This study analyzes how small farms enhance EP and FP in an inland Portuguese region through the relationship between dynamic capabilities (DCs), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and environmental sustainability commitment (ESC). Based on a sample of 160 fresh fruit farms and applying a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), our study concludes that EO and ESC influence EP and FP positively. Hence, farms can achieve competitive advantage through mitigating their profound impacts on the environment as proposed by the natural resource‐based view (NRBV). Farms are also improving DCs, but farmers respond to the higher environmental requirements of agricultural markets primarily through research and development (R&D) capabilities and not through marketing capabilities. Having as theoretical supports the NRBV and the DCs, our study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which entrepreneurs enhance EP and FP in sectors with high environmental impacts such as agriculture. The findings suggest that entrepreneurship training projects may enable farmers to approach food security as a market opportunity and not only as rules they must follow.
Characterizing the mission statements of benefit corporations: Empirical evidence from Italy
Authors: Mion Giorgio , Loza Adaui Cristian Rolando , Bonfanti Angelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2015, Italy introduced a new legal form—“benefit corporation” (società benefit)—that provides legal status to companies that have one or more common benefit objectives in addition to the profit‐seeking goal. Italian benefit corporations are obligated by law to operate in a responsible, sustainable, and transparent way and to include the interests of different stakeholders in their corporate strategy. This study examines the Italian case by applying textual statistical analysis on benefit corporations' public mission statements using the IRaMuTeQ software. Performing hierarchical cluster analysis and correspondence factor analysis identifies the “benefit” concept emerging from the mission statements in terms of promotion of individual skills, development of a new business model, and service to society. This study contributes to the debate on the content of mission statements by giving empirical evidence about this new form of business, and it provides some practical implications for managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers.
Identification and characterization of a residual host cell protein hexosaminidase B associated with N‐glycan degradation during the stability study of a therapeutic recombinant monoclonal antibody product
Authors: Li Xuanwen , An Yan , Liao Jing , Xiao Li , Swanson Michael , Martinez‐Fonts Kirby , Pavon Jorge Alexander , Sherer Edward C. , Jawa Vibha , Wang Fengqiang , Gao Xinliu , Letarte Simon , Richardson Douglas D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHost cell proteins (HCPs) are process‐related impurities derived from host organisms, which need to be controlled to ensure adequate product quality and safety. In this study, product quality attributes were tracked for several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under the intended storage and accelerated stability conditions. One product quality attribute not expected to be stability indicating is the N‐glycan heterogeneity profile. However, significant N‐glycan degradation was observed for one mAb under accelerated and stressed stability conditions. The root cause for this instability was attributed to hexosaminidase B (HEXB), an enzyme known to remove terminal N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). HEXB was identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)‐based proteomics approach to be enriched in the impacted stability batches from mAb‐1. Subsequently, enzymatic and targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS assays were developed to support process and product characterization. A potential interaction between HEXB and mAb‐1 was initially observed from the analysis of process intermediates by proteomics among several mAbs and later supported by computational modeling. An improved bioprocess was developed to significantly reduce HEXB levels in the final drug substance. A risk assessment was conducted by evaluating the in silico immunogenicity risk and the impact on product quality. To the best of our knowledge, HEXB is the first residual HCP reported to have impact on the glycan profile of a formulated drug product. The combination of different analytical tools, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling provides a general strategy on how to study residual HCP for biotherapeutics development.
High‐capacity multimodal anion‐exchange membranes for polishing of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Osuofa Joshua , Henn Daniel , Zhou Jinxiang , Forsyth Anna , Husson Scott M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis contribution reports on a study using Purexa™‐MQ multimodal anion‐exchange (AEX) membranes for protein polishing at elevated solution conductivities. Dynamic binding capacities (DBC10) of bovine serum albumin (BSA), human immunoglobulins, and salmon sperm DNA (ss‐DNA) are reported for various salt types, salt concentrations, flowrates, and pH. Using 1 mg/ml BSA, DBC10 values for Purexa™‐MQ were >90 mg/ml at conductivities up to 15 mS/cm. The membranes maintained a high, salt‐tolerant BSA DBC10 of 89.8 ± 2.7 (SD) over the course of 100 bind‐elute cycles. Polishing studies with acidic and basic monoclonal antibodies at >2 kg/L loads showed that Purexa™‐MQ had higher clearance of host cell proteins and aggregate species at high conductivity (13 mS/cm) and in the presence of phosphate than other commercial AEX media. Purexa™‐MQ also had a high ss‐DNA DBC10 of 50 mg/ml at conductivities up to 15 mS/cm, markedly outperforming other commercial products. In addition to the effectiveness of Purexa™‐MQ for protein polishing at elevated solution conductivities, its unusually high binding capacity for ss‐DNA indicates potential applications for plasmid DNA purification.
Leveraging Exchange Kinetics for the Synthesis of Atomically Precise Porous Catalysts
Authors: Ezazi Andrew A. , Gao Wen‐Yang , Powers David C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as porous catalyst platforms due to the synthetic modularity of these materials and the diversity of lattice‐confined catalytic active sites that are readily embedded within periodic crystalline frameworks. MOFs offer platforms to heterogenize molecular catalysts, stabilize novel coordination motifs, and leverage confinement effects in catalysis. Crystallinity allows diffraction‐based methods to be employed in the characterization of these catalysts. Access to crystalline MOFs typically requires reversible construction of the metal−ligand (M−L) bonds that connect the SBUs, which provides a mechanism to anneal defects during crystallization. While the required M−L bond reversibility is often promoted by synthesis at elevated temperature, access to crystalline materials based on either transition metals with characteristic slow exchange kinetics or highly basic donor ligands remains a synthetic challenge. Here, we highlight synthetic strategies that leverage M−L exchange kinetics to access MOFs based on kinetically inert ions and extensions of these strategies to the assembly of atomically precise multimetallic materials.
Regular maintenance appointments after non‐surgical scaling and root planing support periodontal health in patients with or without dry mouth: A retrospective study
Authors: Sparrow Taylor V. , Fritz Peter C. , Sullivan Philip J. , Ward Wendy E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveNon‐surgical scaling and root planing (SRP), as an initial form of periodontal treatment, followed by ongoing periodontal maintenance appointments is necessary to manage periodontal disease and prevent tooth loss. Saliva also has an essential role in oral health though the relationship between low salivary flow and periodontal outcomes has not been extensively investigated. This study determined if patients with dry mouth have similar clinical outcomes as patients without dry mouth when receiving regular periodontal maintenance after SRP.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study that investigated clinical periodontal outcomes in patients with (n = 34) or without (n = 85) dry mouth who had undergone SRP 1 to 5 years prior and had routine periodontal maintenance. The presence of dry mouth was established based on a patient's unstimulated salivary flow rate.ResultsProbing depth for both patients with or without dry mouth was similar between groups and maintained 1 to 5 years following initial SRP. Improved probing depth achieved post‐SRP was sustained regardless of dry mouth status.ConclusionPatients with or without dry mouth did not exhibit different probing depths.
Multi‐input transformer‐less four‐wire microinverter with distributed MPPT for PV systems
Authors: Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Ibrahim Eltaib Abdeen , Orabi Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes three‐phase microinverter able to process the power of three PV modules simultaneously and independently; thus, efficient utilization of PV modules through distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) is realized. The proposed microinverter employs switched capacitors (SCs) networks combined with three‐phase voltage source inverter; it is named switched capacitor buck‐boost voltage source inverter and abbreviated as SC‐BBVSI. The connections of SCs networks are determined to fulfill the high boosting gain along with minimized leakage currents. In addition, low capacitances values can be employed for power decoupling purpose. Thus, in addition to DMPPT feature, three features of high boosting gain, high‐reliable product, and minimized leakage current are realized without using the bulky and costly isolation transformer. In this paper, the operation modes of SC‐BBVSI for single and multi‐input scenarios are explained. The modulation strategy to realize these modes along with the control system design is presented as well. The relations required to design the passive elements and identify the device's stresses are derived. The features of the proposed microinverter are confirmed through detailed comparison with other recently reported topologies. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the features of the proposed topology.
Alternative methods of viability determination in single cell mass cytometry
Authors: Devine Raymond D. , Alkhalaileh Hussam S. , Lyberger Justin M. , Behbehani Gregory K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe identification and discrimination of viable cells is important to understand how experimental variables may influence biochemical processes such as cell metabolism, cell cycle, and signaling pathways. Cisplatin is commonly used as a viability stain in mass cytometry studies, however, recent work by Mei et al. has demonstrated that cisplatin can also be used to label antibodies, complicating the simultaneous use of the platinum measurement channels for both antibody and viability staining. This study demonstrates that other metal salts (hafnium chloride, niobium chloride, and zirconium chloride) can serve as substitutes for cisplatin in viability staining. These stains yield similar fractions of live and dead cells and stain the same dead cells in parallel high parameter analyses. In addition, this study demonstrates how a variety of protein antigen viability markers (pRb, Ki‐67, Histone H1, cleaved PARP, and GAPDH) can be used to discriminate live and dead cell populations, without the need for a separate viability staining step. As few as two of these protein antigen viability markers can help identify live and dead cell populations in fixed samples and can identify the same viable cells in high dimensional analyses with or without use of viability stain information. This study demonstrates several alternative approaches to mass cytometry viability assessment that can facilitate use of platinum isotopes for antibody staining and enables identification of live and dead cell populations in samples for which a separate viability stain is not practical.
Induced resistance mitigates the effect of plant neighbors on susceptibility to herbivores
Authors: Holmes Katherine D. , Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt small spatial scales, attraction or deterrence of herbivores by plant neighbors can alter the susceptibility of plants to damage (i.e., associational effects). Given the patchy nature of plants and insect herbivory, we hypothesized that induced resistance may play an important role in mitigating such spatial variability. To test this notion, we first documented neighbor effects between two closely related and co‐occurring plant species in natural populations, and second, we measured how these effects changed after inducing plant resistance in a common garden. In wet fields and marshes of Northeastern North America, boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) is the primary host for the herbivorous beetle Ophraella notata. Across two years of surveys at multiple sites, we found that Joe Pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum) was a secondary host to O. notata and was more likely to receive beetle eggs when it grew near boneset, constituting a negative neighbor effect (associational susceptibility) for Joe Pye weed. Reciprocally, there were trends of reduced susceptibility for boneset when it grew near Joe Pye weed (a positive neighbor effect), but this pattern was less consistent over space and time. In the common garden, we manipulated patches, each with a center (focal) and surrounding (neighbor) plants, with focal plants of each species either induced by the plant hormone jasmonic acid or left as controls. While neighbor effects prior to induction mirrored the pattern in surveys, induction was most effective in reducing beetle oviposition on focal plants in heterospecific groups. This effectively eliminated negative neighbor effects (susceptibility) for Joe Pye weed, the less preferred plant species. However, in conspecific patches, induction had minimal effect on either species' susceptibility to beetles. Given the importance of spatial variation generally and the ubiquity of neighbor effects in plant communities, we suggest that inducible resistance may be an important mechanism to cope with spatial heterogeneity in susceptibility to herbivores.
Pregnant adolescents admitted to the intensive care unit have better outcomes than pregnant adult women: A retrospective cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Alves Pietro , Costa Volpon Leila , Carmona Fabio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of adolescent versus adult women during pregnancy and puerperium admitted to a dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we retrieved data from the medical charts of 557 adolescent (<20 years) and adult (≥20 years) women. The association between demographic and clinical variables and the outcomes were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe maternal severity index (MSI) of adult women was significantly higher than in adolescents. In univariate log‐binomial regression analysis, pneumothorax and circulatory dysfunction were positively associated with the composite primary outcome of death or transfer (for more complex care), whereas eclampsia was negatively associated. Being an adolescent was not associated with this outcome, not even when adjusting for potential confounders. Conversely, being an adolescent was associated with fewer complications (secondary outcome) even after adjusting for potential confounders (type of admission, eclampsia, pre‐eclampsia, surgical site infection, abdominal hemorrhage, drug abuse, metabolic syndrome, malnutrition, pneumothorax, or circulatory dysfunction).ConclusionIn Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, adult women admitted to the ICU because of gestational or birth complications had worse outcomes compared with adolescents.
Untargeted GC/TOFMS unravel metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of Chinese people living with HIV
Authors: Keram Alim , Pei Ning , Qi Tangkai , Xun Jingna , Gu Yutong , Li Wenwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome becomes a focus of clinical cares to people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. This study aimed to explore the metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Chinese people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsCerebrospinal fluid samples from PLHIV and healthy controls were collected from our hospital. Then, the metabolic profiles of CSFs were analyzed PLHIV with healthy individual as the normal controls using the untargeted GC/TOFMS. Following this, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes annotation and pathway analysis were performed to further explore the underlying mechanism of these metabolic alterations in cognitive impairment of PLHIV.ResultsBoth PCA analysis and OPLS‐DA had presented that most samples were localized in 95% CI and the gap between control and HIV could significantly separate from each other. Upon this quality control, a total of 82 known metabolites were identified in CSF between PLHIV and healthy controls. Clustering of these metabolites presented that these differentially expressed metabolites could markedly distinguish HIV from healthy controls. Further pathway analyses showed that TCA cycle (citric acid, fumaric acid, lactate, et al.), amino acid (arginine, proline, alanine, aspartate, glutamine, et al.), lipid (cholesterol, butyrate, et al.) metabolisms were significantly changed in CSF of PLHIV, which might affect the cognitive status of PLHIV via affecting neuron energy support, signaling transduction, and neuroinflammation.ConclusionMetabolic profiles were significantly altered in CSF and might play key roles in the etiology of cognitive impairment of PHLIV. Further explore the exact mechanism for these metabolic changes might be useful for cognitive impairment management of PHLIV.
Dental students’ perception on Disability Equality Training as part of the special care dentistry curriculum
Authors: Mohamed Rohani Maryani , Mohd Nor Nor Azlida 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Special Care Dentistry (SCD) undergraduate program increasingly aims to address student attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWD). One of the efforts made by the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya (FODUM), is to introduce Disability Equality Training (DET) as part of the learning activity in the SCD curriculum. This study aimed to explore students’ perception about the DET program.MethodsThis was a qualitative research project exploring students’ perception toward DET in 2 cohorts of third‐year dental students from FODUM (n = 100). The reflection notes were analyzed using Luborsky's method of thematic analysis. Identification of themes was based on statements that were most frequently reported by students.ResultsThe majority of the students gave positive feedback for the training, which includes enhanced knowledge, attitudes, and skills about treating PWD. They also reflected that the DET improved their understanding of social and professional responsibility. In terms of learning experience, many reported that the training was useful and enjoyable. Students’ suggestions for improvement included learning "sign language", visiting special needs centers, and providing simulation exercises involving real PWD.ConclusionStudents’ comments on the DET were positive and they enjoyed the learning experience. The findings support the continuation of DET as part of the undergraduate dental curriculum. Dental institutions seeking to implement or refine the SCD curriculum are encouraged to include DET based on its potential benefits for undergraduate students.
Self‐organizing map classification of the boundary layer profile: A refinement of Eastern Mediterranean winter synoptic regimes
Authors: Berkovic Sigalit , Mendelsohn Oz Yosef , Ilotoviz Eyal , Raveh‐Rubin Shira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe boundary layer (BL) profile over the coastal plain of Israel, Eastern Mediterranean (EM), varies considerably during winter. Although in the context of air pollution, the characteristics of the BL height (BLH) was intensively investigated, a quantitative classification of the BL profile regimes has not been performed. Here, we seek to reveal the dominant, recurring regimes of the BL profiles, their quantitative characteristics and links to regional synoptic‐scale patterns. An objective unsupervised classification of winter BL radiosonde profiles is performed for the first time by multi‐parameter self‐organizing map (SOM) analysis. The analysis uses high‐resolution, 12:00‐UTC data of wind, temperature, humidity and pressure measurements during December to February 2007–2018, and yields 30 distinct profile regimes. Composite analysis using ERA5 reanalysis suggests strong association between the profile regimes and synoptic weather systems and highlights four groups: (a) Deep winter cyclones with strong westerly wind and precipitation; (b) Strong surface anticyclones and Red Sea troughs (RST) with a mid‐tropospheric ridge, moderate dry easterly wind and extreme temperatures. (c) Moderate pressure gradients under shallow cyclones, anticyclone to the west and RST to the east of Israel. (d) Active RSTs, accompanied by upper‐tropospheric trough/cutoff low and heavy precipitation. For the first time, general objective classification observes the active RST without requiring specific criteria. Consistent with previous knowledge, the new classification exhibits distinct categories of thermal stability, BLH and turbulence. Importantly, we show that the automatic objective classification of profile data from a single station can be a sensitive discriminator of winter synoptic regimes in the EM, and therefore explains the variability of the BL profile. It facilitates the study of the interaction between the BL and the free troposphere and may improve the prediction of air pollution or future BL profile regimes based on long time series from historical data or climate models.