bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Spheno- Orbital Meningioma
Authors: Peng Shijun , Cheng Zhihua , Guo Zhilin 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
The extensive bone infiltration and carpet-like growth characteristics of spheno-orbital meningioma (SOM) make it hard to remove entirely, and recurrence and proptosis are the main reasons for reoperation. The authors report 20 cases of surgical treatment for recurrence of SOM, including surgical technique and symptom improvement.

Methods:
The clinical data and follow-up results of 20 cases of recurrent SOM at our institution from 2000 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
All of the 20 patients with recurrence had received at least one operation before admission, with a mean age of 56 years and 70% female. The mean follow-up time was 36 months (172 months). All patients mainly showed symptoms such as proptosis and headache, and were found to be affected by supraorbital fissure during the operation. in 17 patients with recurrence, the affected sphenoid wing became tumor-like hyperplasia. Patients with extraocular muscle involvement have obvious protrusion and are often accompanied by diplopia. After surgical removal of the tumor, the symptoms of proptosis in 19 patients were significantly improved. During the follow-up, only 3 cases of proptosis recurred. After 15 patients underwent Simpson grade IV resection, 4 patients (27%) relapsed again. Five patients underwent Simpson III resection, and only 1 patient (20%) had tumor recurrence 18th months after surgery, and no proptosis recurred.

Conclusions:
The complete surgical removal of recurrent SOM is practically impossible. The main direction of surgical treatment should be to improve the symptoms of proptosis.
Intra-Lesional Injection of Triamcinolone to Palatoplasty Scar to Aid Reversal of Transverse Maxillary Relapse after Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Figueroa Alvaro A. , Murphy James , Tragos Christina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 32–year-old female with a repaired right unilateral cleft lip and palate underwent several surgical and orthodontic procedures during the rehabilitation process of her condition. Nine years after this extensive treatment she underwent transverse relapse of her maxilla and requested a consultation for its correction as she felt her speech and chewing were negatively affected. She presented with a transverse maxillary arch collapse on the cleft side with significant palatal scarring secondary to multiple palate procedures. A course of maxillary expansion and dental alignment with fixed orthodontic appliances was carried out. in addition, she had 2 triamcinolone injections 7 months apart while undergoing orthodontic treatment and one 10 months after completion to soften the scarred palatal tissues. The maxillary arch was successfully expanded and aligned. She was retained with a removable chrome cobalt palatal frame to be used full-time and assure stability of the correction. She has been followed for 4 years with no clinical evidence of relapse. Triamcinolone injection into significant palatal scarring in cleft palate patients with a decreased transverse maxillary dimension can be considered an adjunct procedure in conjunction with orthodontic treatment.
Transoral Vestibular Robotic Surgery for Anterior Central Neck Mass
Authors: Yang Tsung-Han , Weng Jen-Kai , Fang Tuan-Jen , Lee Yi-Chan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 44-year-old female without any systemic diseases had a slowly enlarging anterior neck mass for 1 year. She had received transcervical surgery for a left thyroid cyst 3 years ago. An enhanced computed tomography scan showed a hyper-dense, markedly enhancing, and homogenous mass at the level of the thyrohyoid membrane. under the impression of an ectopic thyroid gland, operation was scheduled. However, she worried about cosmesis pitfalls besides the existing scar from her previous thyroid surgery. Transoral vestibular robotic surgery was arranged to prevent an additional neck incision wound. The mass was removed and confirmed as an ectopic thyroid nodule by pathological examination. No recurrence was found at the 1-year follow-up, and the surgical and aesthetic outcomes were satisfied. The surgery can provide adequate surgical exploration with excellent cosmesis, whereas managing cervical masses. For the cosmetic concerns, this procedure is the potential alternative in other neck surgeries.
Fat-Free Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Scalp: Lipoma Without a Lipogenic Component
Authors: Biagiotti Jessica , Khan Kamran , Ayrapetyan Mesrop , Wood Jeyhan , Bhatt Nishant 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a rare, benign subcutaneous neoplasm that typically occurs on the upper trunk or neck of middle-aged men. The diagnosis of SCL is often straightforward due to its characteristic clinical presentation and classic histologic features of admixed mature adipocytes and CD-34 positive bland spindle cells. However, the diagnosis can be elusive when low-fat and free-fat patterns occur. Due to the lack of lipogenic content and morphologic overlap, this rare tumor is often mistaken for other benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The authors present the case of a middle-aged man with a fat-free SCL of the temporal scalp. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature ofa fat-free SCL involving the temporal scalp. With careful attention to the clinical context, histologic features, immunohistochemical profile, and cytogenetic abnormalities, the proper diagnosis of SCL without a lipogenic component can be achieved.
Our Septoplasty Results: Evaluation with the Nose Scale
Authors: Karamese Ozgur , Bercin Ali Sami , Muderris Togay , Kiris Muzaffer 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of septoplasty and septoplasty + bilateral radio frequency ablation of inferior turbinate (b-RFAIT) according to the type of operation, age groups, gender of patients, and the duration of control period by using Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective observational study was undertaken in the otolaryngology department of a training hospital. Using the NOSE scale, the study prospectively compared the results of septoplasty only and septoplasty with b-RFAIT in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by the combination of septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group had only septoplasty and the second group had septoplasty with b-RFAIT. General and local anesthesia were applied in both groups. To review clinical success, all patients were controlled at the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month.

Results:
One hundred seventy-eight adult patients (male/female: 127/51) with chronic nasal obstruction complaint were enrolled in this prospective study. Our data demonstrated significant improvement from baseline after 24 months for the NOSE scores in both the septoplasty and septoplasty + b-RFAIT groups. No statistical difference was noted in the amount of postoperative improvement between the 2 treatment groups (P = 0.306). No significant difference was observed between general and local anesthesia with respect to patients' preop and postop mean scores (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the age of patients' postoperative mean (P < 0.001). There were 4 postoperative means with respect to control time. There was an 82.29% decrease in the complaints of patients at 0 to 6 months, 80.51% decrease at 7 to 12 months, 76.1% decrease at 13 to 18 months, and 59.67% decrease at 19 to 24 months. Only the last group had a significant difference regarding mean change in scores (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study shows that septoplasty + bilateral turbinate radiofrequency should be applied to patients who suffer from septum deviation with concha hypertrophy. Postoperative NOSE scale shows that the success of operation does not depend on the gender of patients and operation types (general or local anesthesia). We conclude that younger patients (18–40 age) who have obstruction with septal deviation and septum deviation with concha hypertrophy benefit more from operation than older patients do.
Intraoperative Significance of Lower Eyelid Positions in Levator Advancement to Prevent Overcorrection
Authors: Kim Joohyun , Yoon Sumin , Lee Hyunkyu , Lee Hwa , Baek Sehyun 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the position of the upper and lower eyelids before and immediately after surgery in patients that underwent ptosis surgery.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with congenital or aponeurotic ptosis and that were treated with levator advancement with local anesthesia. The marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), marginal reflex distance 2 (MRD2), and palpebral fissure height (PFH) were measured using clinical photographs.

Result:
The preoperative mean MRD1, MRD2, and PFH were 0.27 ± 1.34 mm, 5.73 ± 1.13 mm, and 5.99 ± 1.94 mm, respectively. The postoperative mean MRD1, MRD2, and PFH were 1.76 ± 1.03 mm, 4.22 ± 1.01 mm, and 5.98 ± 1.60 mm, respectively. The postoperative MRD1 was significantly increased and postoperative MRD2 was decreased significantly compared to preoperative values (both, P < 0.001). The preoperative and postoperative PFH values were not significantly different (P = 0.941).

Conclusions:
It is important to assess the degree of reverse ptosis before surgery in patients that undergo ptosis surgery, and to remember that MRD2 and PFH may be reduced during surgery. Therefore, the position of the upper eyelid should be intraoperatively adjusted based on MRD1, not the PFH, to prevent overcorrection after surgery.
The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Intra-abdominal Adhesions Caused by Gallstones
Authors: Peker Evren , Elpek Gülsüm Ö. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Adhesion formation after peritoneal surgery is the main cause of postoperative bowel obstruction, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of oral ellagic acid on intra-abdominal adhesions caused by gallstones in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-one Wistar-albino rats were used. Gallstones were dropped to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen to create adhesions. They were divided into 4 groups; sham-operated, intraperitoneal gallstone, oral ellagic acid (control), and intraperitoneal gallstone+oral ellagic acid. On the postoperative 10th day, relaparotomy was performed, adhesions were evaluated according to four different macroscopic adhesion score systems and adhesion-bearing tissues were examined histopathologically. Samples were graded for inflammation, vascularization, and fibrosis.

Results:
We found that oral administration of ellagic acid lowered all macroscopic adhesion scores. There were significant differences between groups of sham and gallstone; control and gallstone; control and gallstone+oral ellagic acid (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The ellagic acid administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d significantly inhibited intra-abdominal adhesion formation and no adverse effects were seen between treatments.
Altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with asthma: a resting-state functional MRI study using regional homogeneity analysis
Authors: Huang Hui , Li Si-Yu , Shi Ling , Huang Xin , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2021

Objective
Studies have shown that patients with asthma have changes in brain function activities, but the specific relationship is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the potential regional homogeneity (ReHo) brain activity changes in patients with asthma and healthy controls.

Methods
Thirty-one patients with asthma and 31 healthy controls closely matched in age, sex, and weight underwent resting-state functional MRI scans, respectively. The ReHo method was applied to evaluate synchronous neural activity changes. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to show high test–retest stability and a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

Results
Compared with the healthy controls, asthma patients had significantly increased ReHo values in left cerebellum posterior lobe and left superior frontal gyrus, and decreased ReHo values of right middle temporal gyrus, right Putamen, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior middle frontal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and right precentral/middle frontal gyrus.

Conclusion
Patients with asthma have different functional changes in different brain regions, mainly including the cerebellum, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe, which provides important pieces of evidence to support the role of brain networks in the pathophysiology of asthma and offers an entirely new target for potential therapeutic intervention in asthma.
Deactivation of the attention-shifting ventromedial prefrontal cortex during the encoding and hold phases predicts working memory performance
Authors: Mukahirwa Josiane , Eun Seulgi , Kang Minsung , Yoon Taek , Park Kyungmo 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested that the deactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) works with the attention shifting area to facilitate the encoding of behaviorally relevant inputs. These findings have led to the notion that the deactivation of VMPFC substantially contributes to the cognitive control of emotions. Although VMPFC deactivation during working memory tasks is established, whether it contributes to performance in emotionally distracted working memory tasks remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the magnitude of VMPFC deactivation predicts better performance in emotionally distracted working memory tasks.

Methods
Twenty-nine female participants performed delayed-response working memory tasks with emotional distracters presented during the hold phase of working memory while undergoing functional MRI. A GLM and a paired t-test were used to observe brain responses to emotional distracters. The correlation between brain response and working memory performance was also computed to investigate brain areas that predict working memory performance in emotionally distracted tasks.

Results
Three trends in brain activity were strongly correlated with high working memory performance: (1) increased activity in cognitive control areas (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), (2) lower activity in emotional reactivity areas (fusiform gyrus), and (3) deactivation of the attention shifting area, mainly VMPFC. In addition, all three trends correlated with high working memory performance during the hold phase of working memory, whereas only (2) and (3) correlated with high working memory performance during the encoding phase.

Conclusions
These results provide further evidence of the functional importance of VMPFC and demonstrate that VMPFC deactivation is particularly important during the encoding and hold phases of working memory.
Protection of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks is mediated by phosphorylation of RIF1 intrinsically disordered region
Authors: Balasubramanian S. , Andreani M. , Andrade J.G. , Saha T. , Garzón J. , Zhang W. , Rahjouei A. , Rosen D.B. , Chait B.T. , Donaldson A.D. , Di Virgilio M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRIF1 is a multifunctional protein that plays key roles in the regulation of DNA processing. During repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RIF1 functions in the 53BP1-Shieldin pathway that inhibits resection of DNA ends to modulate the cellular decision on which repair pathway to engage. Under conditions of replication stress, RIF1 protects nascent DNA at stalled replication forks from degradation by the DNA2 nuclease. How these RIF1 activities are regulated at the post-translational level has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified a cluster of conserved ATM/ATR consensus SQ motifs within the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of mouse RIF1 that are phosphorylated in proliferating B lymphocytes. We found that phosphorylation of the conserved IDR SQ cluster is dispensable for the inhibition of DSB resection by RIF1, but is essential to counteract DNA2-dependent degradation of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks. Therefore, our study identifies a key molecular switch that enables the genome-protective function of RIF1 during DNA replication stress.
Functional characterization of mutants deficient in N-terminal phosphorylation of the chloroplast ATP synthase subunit β
Authors: Strand Deserah D. , Karcher Daniel , Ruf Stephanie , Schadach Anne , Schöttler Mark A. , Sandoval Ibanez Omar A. , Bock Ralph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer is of great importance to efforts to improve the ability of the electron transport chain to supply downstream metabolism. The central regulator of the electron transport chain is the ATP synthase, the molecular motor that harnesses the chemiosmotic potential generated from proton coupled electron transport to synthesize ATP. The ATP synthase is regulated both thermodynamically and post-translationally, with proposed phosphorylation sites on multiple subunits. In this study we focused on two N-terminal serines on the catalytic subunit β, previously proposed to be important for dark inactivation of the complex to avoid ATP hydrolysis at night. Here we show that there is no clear role for phosphorylation in the dark inactivation of ATP synthase. Instead, mutation of one of the two phosphorylated serine residues to aspartate strongly decreased ATP synthase abundance. We propose that the loss of N-terminal phosphorylation of ATPβ may be involved in proper ATP synthase accumulation during complex assembly.
Reconstructing the Origins of a Neuropeptide Signaling System Using the Accelerated Evolution of Biodiverse Cone Snail Venoms
Authors: Koch Thomas Lund , Ramiro Iris Bea L. , Flórez-Salcedo Paula , Engholm Ebbe , Jensen Knud Jørgen , Chase Kevin , Olivera Baldomero M. , Bjørn-Yoshimoto Walden Emil , Safavi-Hemami Helena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSomatostatin and its related peptides (SSRPs) form an important family of hormones with diverse physiological roles. The ubiquitous presence of SSRPs in vertebrates and several invertebrate deuterostomes suggests an ancient origin of the SSRP signaling system. However, the existence of SSRP genes outside of deuterostomes has not been established and the evolutionary history of this signaling system remains poorly understood. Our recent discovery of SSRP-like toxins (consomatins) in venomous marine cone snails (Conus) suggested the presence of a homologous signaling system in mollusks and potentially other protostomes. Here we identify the molluscan SSRP-like signaling gene that gave rise to the consomatin family. Following recruitment into venom, consomatin genes experience strong positive selection and repeated gene duplications resulting in the formation of a hyper-diverse family of venom peptides. Intriguingly, the largest number of consomatins was found in worm-hunting species (> 400 sequences), indicating a homologous system in annelids, another large protostome phylum. Comprehensive sequence mining enabled the identification of orthologous SSRP-like sequences (and their corresponding orphan receptor) in annelids and several other protostome phyla. These results establish the existence of SSRP-like sequences in many major branches of bilaterians, including xenacoelomorphs, a phylum believed to have emerged before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, ~ 600 My ago. Finally, having a large set of predator-prey SSRP sequences available, we show that while the cone snail’s signaling SSRP-like genes are under purifying selection, in striking contrast, the consomatin genes experience rapid directional selection to target receptors in a changing mix of prey.
Delineating the genetic regulation of cannabinoid biosynthesis during female flower development in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Apicella Peter V. , Sands Lauren B. , Ma Yi , Berkowitz Gerald A. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYCannabinoids are predominantly produced in the glandular trichomes on cannabis female flowers. There is little known on how cannabinoid biosynthesis is regulated during female flower development. We aim to understand the rate-limiting step(s) in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway.We investigated the transcript levels of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes as well as cannabinoid contents during 7 weeks of female flower development. We demonstrated that the enzymatic steps for producing CBG, which involve genes GPPS, PT and OAC, could be rate limit cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings further suggest that cannabinoid synthases, CBDAS and THCAS in a hemp and medical marijuana variety respectively, are not critical for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The cannabinoid biosynthetic genes are generally upregulated during flower maturation, which indicate glandular trichome development.MeJA can potentially increase cannabinoid production. We propose that biweekly application of 100 μM MeJA staring from flower initiation would be efficacious for promoting cannabinoid biosynthesis.Our findings suggest that the step of CBG production could rate limit the terminal cannabinoid biosynthesis. In addition, different cannabis varieties demonstrated discrete transcriptional regulation of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes.
A paradox of parasite resistance: Disease-driven trophic cascades increase the cost of resistance, selecting for lower resistance with parasites than without them
Authors: Walsman Jason C. , Strauss Alexander T. , Hite Jessica L. , Shocket Marta S. , Hall Spencer R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost evolutionary theory predicts that, during epidemics, hosts will evolve higher resistance to parasites that kill them. Here, we provide an alternative to that typical expectation, with an explanation centered on resource feedbacks. When resistance is costly, hosts evolve decreasing resistance without parasites, as expected. But with parasites, hosts can evolve lower resistance than they would in the absence of parasites. This outcome arises in an eco-evolutionary model when four conditions are met: first, resistance has a fecundity cost (here, via decreased foraging/exposure rate); second, resources increase during epidemics via trophic cascades; third, increased resources magnify the benefit of maintaining a fast foraging rate, thereby magnifying the cost of evolving a slower foraging/exposure rate (i.e., resistance); fourth, that amplification of the cost outweighs the benefit of resistance. When these conditions are met, hosts evolve lower resistance than without parasites. This phenomenon was previously observed in a mesocosm experiment with fungal parasites, zooplankton hosts, and algal resources. Re-analyzing this experiment produced evidence for our model’s mechanism. Thus, both model and experiment indicate that, via resource feedbacks, parasites can counterintuitively select against resistance.