bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring education preferences of Australian women regarding long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a qualitative perspective
Authors: Roth Heike , Henry Amanda , Roberts Lynne , Hanley Lisa , Homer Caroline S. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect 5–10% of pregnant women. Long-term health issues for these women include 2–3 times the risk of heart attacks, stroke and diabetes, starting within 10 years after pregnancy, making long-term health after HDP of major public health importance. Recent studies suggest this knowledge is not being transferred sufficiently to women and how best to transmit this information is not known. This study explored women’s preferred content, format and access to education regarding long-term health after HDP.MethodsThis was a qualitative study and framework analysis was undertaken. Women with a history of HDP who had participated in a survey on long-term health after HDP were invited to participate in this study. During telephone interviews women were asked about preferences and priorities concerning knowledge acquisition around long-term health after HDP.ResultsThirteen women were interviewed. They indicated that they wanted more detailed information about long-term and modifiable risk factors. Their preference was to receive risk counselling from their healthcare provider (HCP) early after giving birth along with evidence-based, print or web-based information to take home. All women suggested more structured postnatal follow-up, with automated reminders for key appointments. Automated reminders should detail rationale for follow-up, recommended tests and discussion topics to be addressed at the appointment.ConclusionOur findings show that most participants wanted information soon after birth with all women wanting information within 12 months post birth, complemented with detailed take-home evidence. Participants indicated preference for structured follow-up via their HCP with automated alerts about the appointment and recommended tests. This evidence can be used to guide the development of education programs for women on health after HDP which may enhance knowledge, preventive health management and more generally improve women’s health trajectories.
Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in south Korean childbearing women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pang Yanghee , Kim Oksoo , Choi Jung-Ah , Jung Heeja , Kim Jui , Lee Haeok , Lee Hyangkyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Adequate levels of vitamin D are important for women of childbearing age as vitamin D helps maintain the pregnancy and ensures proper maternal and fetal bone metabolism and fetal skeletal development. However, vitamin D deficiency is a health problem prevalent in women of all ages, worldwide. This study aimed to determine the current status of serum vitamin D levels and the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among South Korean nurses of childbearing age.

Methods
Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured in 1594 registered nurses aged 20 to 45 years who are participants in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the Korean Nurses’ Health Study initiated in 2013. The participants completed surveys about demographic and occupational characteristics and physical and psychological health. We examined associations with vitamin D deficiency through multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
The average blood 25(OH) D concentration of the participants was 12.92 ng/mL (4.0–63.4 ng/mL), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 89% (1419/1594). Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency included month of sampling (there was a lower level of vitamin D deficiency in winter than in spring, summer, or fall), age (women in their 20s had a lower vitamin D level than those in their 30s and 40s), and stress symptoms. Vitamin D levels were not associated with body mass index, physical activity, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean female nurses. Serum levels of vitamin D were associated with age and season. Vitamin D deficiency should be recognized as one of the primary health concerns among young women. More proactive actions, such as vitamin D supplements and food fortification, are needed to improve vitamin D deficiency in high-risk groups.
Effect of tranexamic acid on thrombotic events and seizures in bleeding patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Murao Shuhei , Nakata Hidekazu , Roberts Ian , Yamakawa Kazuma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death from bleeding after trauma and childbirth. However, its effects on thrombotic events and seizures are less clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the safety of TXA in bleeding patients.

Methods
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials from inception until June 1, 2020. We included randomized trials comparing intravenous tranexamic acid and placebo or no intervention in bleeding patients. The primary outcomes were thrombotic events, venous thromboembolism, acute coronary syndrome, stroke and seizures. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and meta-regression analysis was performed to evaluate how effects vary by dose. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Results
A total of 234 studies with 102,681 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In bleeding patients, there was no evidence that TXA increased the risk of thrombotic events (RR = 1.00 [95% CI 0.93–1.08]), seizures (1.18 [0.91–1.53]), venous thromboembolism (1.04 [0.92–1.17]), acute coronary syndrome (0.88 [0.78–1.00]) or stroke (1.12 [0.98–1.27]). In a dose-by-dose sensitivity analysis, seizures were increased in patients receiving more than 2 g/day of TXA (3.05 [1.01–9.20]). Meta-regression showed an increased risk of seizures with increased dose of TXA (p = 0.011).

Conclusion
Tranexamic acid did not appear to increase the risk of thrombotic events in bleeding patients. However, because there may be dose-dependent increase in the risk of seizures, very high doses should be avoided.
Intracycle power and ventilation mode as potential contributors to ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Marini John J. , Crooke Philip S. , Tawfik Pierre , Chatburn Robert L. , Dries David J. , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
High rates of inflation energy delivery coupled with transpulmonary tidal pressures of sufficient magnitude may augment the risk of damage to vulnerable, stress-focused units within a mechanically heterogeneous lung. Apart from flow amplitude, the clinician-selected flow waveform, a relatively neglected dimension of inflation power, may distribute inflation energy of each inflation cycle non-uniformly among alveoli with different mechanical properties over the domains of time and space. In this initial step in modeling intracycle power distribution, our primary objective was to develop a mathematical model of global intracycle inflation power that uses clinician-measurable inputs to allow comparisons of instantaneous ICP profiles among the flow modes commonly encountered in clinical practice: constant, linearly decelerating, exponentially decelerating (pressure control), and spontaneous (sinusoidal).

Methods
We first tested the predictions of our mathematical model of passive inflation with the actual physical performance of a mechanical ventilator–lung system that simulated ventilation to three types of patients: normal, severe ARDS, and severe airflow obstruction. After verification, model predictions were then generated for 5000 ‘virtual ARDS patients’. Holding constant the tidal volume and inflation time between modes, the validated model then varied the flow profile and quantitated the resulting intensity and timing of potentially damaging ‘elastic’ energy and intracycle power (pressure–flow product) developed in response to random combinations of machine settings and severity levels for ARDS.

Results
Our modeling indicates that while the varied flow patterns ultimately deliver similar total amounts of alveolar energy during each breath, they differ profoundly regarding the potentially damaging pattern with which that energy distributes over time during inflation. Pressure control imposed relatively high maximal intracycle power.

Conclusions
Flow amplitude and waveform may be relatively neglected and modifiable determinants of VILI risk when ventilating ARDS.
The effect of 4-hexylresorinol administration on NAD+ level and SIRT activity in Saos-2 cells
Authors: Lee In-Song , Chang Jun-Ho , Kim Dae-Won , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been shown to have anti-oxidant activity similar to that of resveratrol. As resveratrol increases sirtuin (SIRT) activity, 4HR might behave similarly to resveratrol.

Method
In this study, the expression levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 were evaluated after 4HR administration (1–100 μM). As NAD+ is a substrate for SIRTs, its levels with SIRT activity were also studied.

Results
In the results, SIRT3 (100 μM at 24 h) and SIRT6 (1–100 μM at 24 h and 10 μM at 8 h) were shown to have significantly higher expression levels compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Pan-SIRT activity and the NAD+ level was significantly increased compared to that of the untreated control (p < 0.05; 10 and 100 μM at 24 h).

Conclusion
4HR administration increased SIRT activity and the NAD+ level in Saos-2 cells.
The impact of corporate governance measures on firm performance: the influences of managerial overconfidence
Authors: Guluma Tolossa Fufa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate governance (CG) measures on firm performance and the role of managerial behavior on the relationship of corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance using a Chinese listed firm. This study used CG mechanisms measures internal and external corporate governance, which is represented by independent board, dual board leadership, ownership concentration as measure of internal CG and debt financing and product market competition as an external CG measures. Managerial overconfidence was measured by the corporate earnings forecasts. Firm performance is measured by ROA and TQ. To address the study objective, the researcher used panel data of 11,634 samples of Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2018. To analyze the proposed hypotheses, the study employed system Generalized Method of Moments estimation model. The study findings showed that ownership concentration and product market competition have a positive significant relationship with firm performance measured by ROA and TQ. Dual leadership has negative relationship with TQ, and debt financing also has a negative significant association’s with both measures of firm performance ROA and TQ. Moreover, the empirical results also showed managerial overconfidence negatively influences the relationship of board independence, dual leadership, and ownership concentration with firm performance. However, managerial overconfidence positively moderates the impact of debt financing on firm performance measured by Tobin’s Q and negative influence on debt financing and operational firm performance relationship. These findings have several contributions: first, the study extends the literature on the relationship between CG and a firm’s performance by using the Chinese CG structure. Second, this study provides evidence that how managerial behavioral bias interacts with CG mechanisms to affect firm performance, which has not been studied in previous literature. Therefore, the results of this study contribute to the theoretical perspective by providing an insight into the influencing role of managerial behavior in the relationship between CG practices and firm performance in an emerging markets economy. Hence, the empirical result of the study provides important managerial implications for the practice and is important for policy-makers seeking to improve corporate governance in the emerging market economy.
Utilization and Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Obstetric Patients in the United States, 1999–2014: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Taha Bushra , Guglielminotti Jean , Li Guohua , Landau Ruth 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for adult critically ill patients is increasing, but data in obstetric cohorts are scant. This study analyzed ECMO utilization and maternal outcomes in obstetric patients in the United States.

METHODS:
Data were abstracted from the 1999–2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), a 20% US national representative sample. ECMO hospitalizations (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 39.65) in patients ≥15 years of age were categorized into obstetric ECMO and nonobstetric ECMO. Obstetric patients included 4 categories: (1) loss or termination of pregnancy, (2) delivery (term or preterm), (3) postdelivery hospitalization, and (4) pregnancy without an obstetrical outcome. Possible underlying causes for obstetric ECMO were identified by analysis of ICD-9-CM codes in individual records. In-hospital death was abstracted from the NIS, and ECMO complications were identified using ICD-9-CM algorithms. Statistical significance in time-effect was assessed using weighted regression models.

RESULTS:
During the 16-year study period, 20,454 adult ECMO cases were identified, of which 331 occurred in obstetric patients (1.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–1.8). Obstetric ECMO utilization rate was 4.7 per million obstetric discharges (95% CI, 4.2–5.2). The top 3 possible indications were sepsis (22.1%), cardiomyopathy (16.6%), and aspiration pneumonia (9.7%). Obstetric ECMO utilization rate increased significantly during the study period from 1.1 per million obstetric discharges in 1999–2002 (95% CI, 0.6–1.7) to 11.2 in 2011–2014 (95% CI, 9.6–12.9), corresponding to a 144.7% increase per 4-year period (95% CI, 115.3–178.1). Compared with nonobstetric ECMO, obstetric ECMO was associated with decreased in-hospital all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.93). In-hospital all-cause mortality for obstetric ECMO decreased from 73.7% in 1999–2002 (95% CI, 48.8–90.8) to 31.9% in 2011–2014 (95% CI, 25.2–39.1), corresponding to a 26.1% decrease per 4-year period (95% CI, 10.1–39.3). Compared with nonobstetric ECMO, obstetric ECMO was associated with significantly increased risk of both venous thromboembolism without associated pulmonary embolism (aOR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.06–3.15) and of nontraumatic hemoperitoneum (aOR 4.32; 95% CI, 2.41–7.74).

CONCLUSIONS:
During the study period, obstetric ECMO utilization has increased significantly and maternal prognosis improved.
Erbium-doped circular photonic crystal fiber design for the amplification of 20 OAM modes
Authors: Mehta Aditi , Rehan Mohd , Rastogi Vipul 
Published: November 2021

We propose a fiber design consisting of ring-shaped erbium-doped core surrounded by circularly arranged holes of varying radius in fused silica glass to amplify higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. We numerically demonstrate simultaneous amplification of 20 OAM modes (

l
=

5

, 6, 7, 8, 9) with more than 20 dB gain at 1550 nm wavelength while having differential modal gain of 0.12 dB. We also demonstrate amplification of modes over the C-band with gain excursion of less than 2 dB, differential modal gain of less than 0.2 dB, and noise figure less than 4.2 dB. The proposed erbium-doped fiber amplifier would be useful in high-data-rate space-division multiplexing optical-communication systems.
Large mode area double-clad ytterbium-doped spun tapered fiber
Authors: Fedotov Andrei , Ustimchik Vasilii , Rissanen Joona , Noronen Teppo , Gumenyuk Regina , Kolosovskii Alexander , Voloshin Victor , Vorob’ev Igor , Chamorovskii Yuri , Filippov Valery 
Published: November 2021

We performed a comparative study of Yb-doped double-clad large mode area (

M
F
D

=

31

µ

m

) spun tapered fibers with different pitch lengths. A novel type of spun tapered fibers with constant pitch lengths of 7.5, 15, and 30 mm, internal birefringence as low as

∼

10

−
8

, and perfect output beam quality (

M

2

<

1.2

) has been manufactured and investigated. We demonstrated the efficient direct amplification of a picosecond pulsed signal (95 ps/100 MHz, 1064 nm) in the spun active tapered fiber with optimized geometry providing an average output power of 71 W (gain 32 dB, 74% slope efficiency). Efficient green light generation (

λ
=

532

n
m

) with 17 W average power (1.7 µJ) and 80 pm linewidth was demonstrated using the developed master oscillator power amplifier system.
Remission, relapse, and risk of major cardiovascular events after metabolic surgery in persons with hypertension: A Swedish nationwide registry-based cohort study
Authors: Stenberg Erik , Marsk Richard , Sundbom Magnus , Ottosson Johan , Jernberg Tomas , Näslund Ingmar , Näslund Erik 
Published: November 2021

Background
Several studies have shown that metabolic surgery is associated with remission of diabetes and hypertension. In terms of diabetes, factors such as duration, insulin use, weight loss, and age have been shown to contribute to the likelihood of remission. Such factors have not been determined for hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with the remission and relapse of hypertension after metabolic surgery, as well as the risk for major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and mortality in patients with and without remission.

Methods and findings
All adults who underwent metabolic surgery between January 2007 and June 2016 were identified in the nationwide Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Through cross-linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, Patient Register, and Statistics Sweden, individual data on prescriptions, inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, and mortality were retrieved. Of the 15,984 patients with pharmacologically treated hypertension, 6,286 (39.3%) were in remission at 2 years. High weight loss and male sex were associated with higher chance of remission, while duration, number of antihypertensive drugs, age, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia were associated with lower chance. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, and education, the cumulative probabilities of MACEs (2.8% versus 5.7%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 0.77, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (4.0% versus 8.0%, adjusted OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88, p = 0.002) were lower for patients being in remission at 2 years compared with patients not in remission, despite relapse of hypertension in 2,089 patients (cumulative probability 56.3%) during 10-year follow-up. The main limitations of the study were missing information on nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension and the observational study design.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed an association between high postoperative weight loss and male sex with better chance of remission, while we observed a lower chance of remission depending on disease severity and presence of other metabolic comorbidities. Patients who achieved remission had a halved risk of MACE and death compared with those who did not. The results suggest that in patients with severe obesity and hypertension, metabolic surgery should not be delayed.
Notes from the Editors, November 2021
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: November 2021

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There is an urgent need to transcend the deep chasm in historical materialism, extending back to the 1920s, between the Western Marxist philosophical tradition and the Marxism of the Second and Third Internationals. This division has been closely associated with so-called Western Marxism’s rejection of the dialectics of nature.
Balanced Enhancements of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition Underlie Developmental Maturation of Receptive Fields in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Fang Qi , Li Ya-tang , Peng Bo , Li Zhong , Zhang Li I. , Tao Huizhong W. 
Published: November 2021

Neurons in the developing visual cortex undergo progressive functional maturation as indicated by the refinement of their visual feature selectivity. However, changes of the synaptic architecture underlying the maturation of spatial visual receptive fields (RFs) per se remain largely unclear. Here, loose-patch as well as single-unit recordings in layer 4 of mouse primary visual cortex (V1) of both sexes revealed that RF development following an eye-opening period is marked by an increased proportion of cortical neurons with spatially defined RFs, together with the increased signal-to-noise ratio of spiking responses. By exploring excitatory and inhibitory synaptic RFs with whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we observed a balanced enhancement of both synaptic excitation and inhibition, and while the excitatory subfield size remains relatively constant during development, the inhibitory subfield is broadened. This balanced developmental strengthening of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs results in enhanced visual responses, and with a reduction of spontaneous firing rate, contributes to the maturation of visual cortical RFs. Visual deprivation by dark rearing impedes the normal strengthening of excitatory inputs but leaves the apparently normal enhancement of inhibition while preventing the broadening of the inhibitory subfield, leading to weakened RF responses and a reduced fraction of neurons exhibiting a clear RF, compared with normally reared animals. Our data demonstrate that an experience-dependent and coordinated maturation of excitatory and inhibitory circuits underlie the functional development of visual cortical RFs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe organization of synaptic RFs is a fundamental determinant of feature selectivity functions in the cortex. However, how changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs lead to the functional maturation of visual RFs during cortical development remains not well understood. In layer 4 of mouse V1, we show that a coordinated, balanced enhancement of synaptic excitation and inhibition contributes to the developmental maturation of spatially defined visual RFs. Visual deprivation by dark rearing partially interferes with this process, resulting in a relatively more dominant inhibitory tone and a reduced fraction of neurons exhibiting clear RFs at the spike level. These data provide an unprecedented understanding of the functional development of visual cortical RFs at the synaptic level.