bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Advantage of Nanowire Configuration in Band Structure Determination
Authors: Dimitrievska Mirjana , Hage Fredrik S. , Escobar Steinvall Simon , Litvinchuk Alexander P. , Stutz Elias Z. , Ramasse Quentin M. , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarth‐abundant and environmentally friendly semiconductors offer a promising path toward low‐cost mass production of solar cells. A critical aspect in exploring new semiconducting materials and demonstrating their enhanced functionality consists in disentangling them from the artifacts of defects. Nanowires are diameter‐tailored filamentary structures that tend to be defect‐free and thus ideal model systems for a given material. Here, an additional advantage is demostrated, which is the determination of the band structure, by performing high energy and spatial resolution electron energy‐loss spectroscopy in aloof and inner beam geometry in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The experimental results are complemented by spectroscopic ellipsometry and are excellently correlated with first principles calculations. This study opens the path for characterizing the band structure of new compounds in a non‐destructive and prompt manner, strengthening the route of new materials discovery.
A Conformable, Gas‐Permeable, and Transparent Skin‐Like Micromesh Architecture for Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Li Ya‐Lei , Liu Yan‐Hua , Chen Lin‐Sen , Xu Jian‐Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonitoring the concentration of useful biomarkers via electronic skins (e‐skins) is highly important for the development of wearable health management systems. While some biosensor e‐skins with high flexibility, sensitivity, and stability have been developed, little attention has been paid to their long‐term comfortability and optical transparency. Here, a conformable, gas permeable, and transparent skin‐like Cu2O@Ni micromesh structural glucose monitoring patch is reported. With its self‐supporting micromesh structure, the skin‐like glucose monitoring patch exhibits excellent shape conformability, high gas permeability, and high optical transmittance. The skin‐like glucose biosensor achieves real‐time monitoring of glucose concentrations with high sensitivity (15 420 µA cm−2mM−1), low detection limit (50 nM), fast response time (＜2 s), high selectivity, and long‐term stability. These desirable performance properties arise from the synergistic effects of the self‐supporting micromesh configuration, high conductivity of the metallic Ni micromesh, and high electrocatalytic activities of the Cu2O toward glucose. This work presents a versatile and efficient strategy for constructing conformable, gas permeable, and transparent biosensor e‐skins with excellent practicability towards wearable electronics.
NiO‐Co3O4‐rGO as an Efficient Electrode Material for Supercapacitors and Direct Alcoholic Fuel Cells
Authors: Askari Mohammad Bagher , Salarizadeh Parisa , Beheshti‐Marnani Amirkhosro , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides can be performant electrode materials for supercapacitors and alcohol oxidation if their conductivity and capacity are improved. Herein, an advanced nanocomposite material made of NiO‐Co3O4 on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method for supercapacitors and methanol/ethanol oxidation. It is demonstrated that the nanocomposite is a promising material for energy storage as NiO‐Co3O4‐rGO supercapacitor electrodes achieve a specific capacity of 149 mAh g−1 (894 F g−1) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, the discharge time of 689 s, and excellent stability of 95% after 6000 cycles. Moreover, NiO‐Co3O4‐rGO shows a current density of 15 and 10 mA cm−2 in methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions, respectively, along with excellent stability.
Near‐Zero Thermal Expansion Ba1−xSrxZn2Si2O7‐Based Microwave Dielectric Ceramics for 3D Printed Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Integrative Lens
Authors: Zou Zheng‐Yu , Lou Yi‐Hui , Song Xiao‐Qiang , Jiang Hai , Du Kang , Yin Chang‐Zhi , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Wang Xiao‐Chuan , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Fu Ming , Lei Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐gain, low‐weight, wide bandwidth, and miniaturized lens antennas with stable properties against temperature are intensely required in extreme environments such as aerospace field. However, high‐performance microwave dielectric ceramics with near‐zero thermal expansion and frequency shift with temperature are very rare; moreover, the requirement of 3D printing processes also restricts their developments. Ba0.4Sr0.6Zn2Si2O7with negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which originates from the stretched [ZnO4] tetrahedral chain to the twisted one alongb‐axis with temperature, and CaTiO3with positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) can effectively adjust both CTE and τfof Zn1.8SiO3.8to near‐zero value in 0.95(0.9Zn1.8SiO3.8–0.1Ba0.4Sr0.6Zn2Si2O7)–0.05CaTiO3ceramic. Then, a Ku‐band Luneburg lens integrative antenna fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing technology exhibits an average gain of 8.06 dBi at 10.45–11.39 GHz and 10.3 dBi at 12.27–13.45 GHz, which has potential applications in temperature‐stable satellite communication.
An Efficient Hole Transporting Polymer for Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Wenhai , Chen Zhao , Zhan Yunfeng , Liu Bochen , Song Weidong , Guo Yue , Yan Ji , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Zhi , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdeal hole transporting polymers used in quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) should possess the features such as high conductivities and stabilized highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs). Herein, an efficient polymer (named CNPr‐TFB) is achieved by rationally adding a relatively weak electron‐withdrawing group (2‐cyanopropan‐2‐yl, CNPr) on a TFB like hole transporting polymer. CNPr‐TFB exhibits a superior hole conductivity and much more stabilized HOMO in comparison with TFB. Therefore, much more holes are delivered into the QD emissive layers and a balanced recombination of electron and hole in the QLEDs is achieved. The external quantum efficiencies of the red, green, blue, and white QLEDs made by CNPr‐TFB as the hole transporting layer (HTL) are 20.7%, 16.6%, 11.3%, and 15.0%, respectively, which are increased by 1.4–2.3 times in comparison with those of devices based on the commonly used TFB HTL. Meanwhile, the CNPr‐TFB‐based QLEDs also exhibit longer operation lifetimes than those of devices using the TFB HTL. These results confirm that CNPr‐TFB with the features of high conductivity and stabilized HOMO can be an excellent HTL material for the QLED applications
Electrostatic Distortion of Melt‐Electrowritten Patterns by 3D Objects: Quantification, Modeling, and Toolpath Correction
Authors: O'Connell Cathal D. , Bridges Olivia , Everett Cameron , Antill‐O'Brien Natasha , Onofrillo Carmine , Di Bella Claudia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an electrohydrodynamic process capable of producing organized patterns of micrometer‐scale polymer fibers. Integrating MEW with other additive manufacturing technologies, such as extrusion‐printing or bioprinting, offers tantalizing possibilities for multi‐scale biofabrication of anatomically shaped scaffolds. However, introducing 3D structures onto the conventionally flat collector plate significantly complicates the MEW process because these objects perturb the electrostatic field. Here, the systematic investigation of how simple 3D objects (hemispheres) distort MEW patterns printed in their vicinity is reported. The authors assess the influence of a series of parameters on fiber deflection including: distance from the hemisphere, hemisphere size and material composition, height of the nozzle, translation speed, applied voltage, and applied pressure. In light of these data, a model which captures the basic physics behind the deflection phenomenon is derived. An optimization algorithm to calculate tool‐paths which pre‐emptively account for these deviations is also introduced. Finally, the authors validate how G‐code produced by this algorithm effectively corrects the distortion effect, restoring the ability to create well‐defined MEW patterns in the vicinity of 3D objects. This study suggests a foundation for understanding the complexities of MEW on non‐planar collectors, and towards multitechnology biofabrication.
Visible Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Se−S Bond‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Lapcinska Sindija , Dimitrijevs Pavels , Arsenyan Pavel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA visible light‐initiated method has been developed for preparation of Se−S bond‐containing peptides. The method is based on generation of sulfur‐centered radical employing organic dye. The protocol is tolerant to unprotected peptides with “sensitive” amino acids. The stability of Se−S bond is evaluated in buffers at different pH (3.0–10.0) and also in the presence of oxidants and reducing agents. Additionally, the ability of Se−S bond to serve as an oxidation sensitive linker in biocompatible materials has been confirmed.magnified image
High Shunt Resistance SnO2‐PbO Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Used in Low Lighting Applications
Authors: Bi Zhuoneng , Zhang Shaohong , Thandapani Marimuthu , Zhu Yanqing , Zheng Yupeng , Liem Nguyen Quang , Xiao Xiudi , Xu Gang , Guerrero Antonio , Xu Xueqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHybrid perovskites are promising materials for new sustainable photovoltaic applications to operate under low lighting conditions, such as the reuse of residual photons that are wasted during indoor lighting. The requirements for a perovskite solar cell (PSC) to offer maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) under low illumination conditions are not totally clear in the literature. In this work, the PCE of the commonly used SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) is improved by a facile method, doping the precursor nanoparticles with small concentrations of a Pb source. Under low illumination conditions (i.e., 0.1 mW cm−2) the PCE is enhanced from 18.8% to 34.2%. From a complete analysis of the ETLs and devices using several structural and electrical techniques it is observed that the parameter that improves the most is the shunt resistance of the device which avoids the parallel leakage of the photogenerated current. The present work clearly shows that the shunt resistance is a very important parameter that needs to be optimized in PSCs for low illumination conditions.
A Multidimensional Evaluation Method for the Service Life of Scrapped Copper Wires
Authors: Yu Huiling , Sun Hao , Liu Weixia , Zhang Ruiqiu , Yan Yurong , Wu Songping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo answer ever‐growing challenges in the copper industry, the recycling of secondary copper resources has aroused much interest. However, an evaluation method for the service life of scrapped copper wires is lacking to date. In this work, a data‐based, multicategorized solution is built to rationally assess evolution law of economic value with time flow for recycled copper‐cored wires, covering their one‐way full cycle including reproduction, storage and sale, and final utilization. Here, the results of reproduced cycles, product life, and service life are logically integrated to establish an inherent relation between engineering and sociology by computer science. Such work provides a multiangle perspective for the value evolution emerging in reproduction/application of waste resources. The basic method originating from the current research is expected to throw light on assessing similar scenes.
Energy Level Alignment at the C60/Monolayer‐WS2 Interface on Insulating and Conductive Substrates
Authors: Ma Jie , Amsalem Patrick , Schultz Thorsten , Shin Dongguen , Xu Xiaomin , Koch Norbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombining a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer (ML) and molecular semiconductors is an attractive route for forming nanoscale hybrid van der Waals heterostructures with potentially novel (opto‐)electronic properties. The energy level alignment at the hybrid interface governs these properties, but precise determination of the interfacial electronic structure is challenging due to the pronounced excitonic nature of both components and the non‐trivial band structure of the inorganic ML. For instance, dielectric screening by the supporting substrate of such a heterostructure may impact the energy levels, but very few experiments have attended to this important issue to date. Here, it is shown how photoelectron spectroscopy can be used to unravel the energy level line‐up at the C60/ML‐WS2 interface supported on an insulating (sapphire) and a semi‐metallic (graphite) substrates. On both substrates, an almost identical staggered type‐II level alignment is determined. However, C60/ML‐WS2 exhibits stronger n‐type characteristics on sapphire, which is suggested to be due to native donor‐type defects of ML‐WS2. While these remain occupied and active on the insulating substrate, they are emptied into the charge reservoir of the conductive substrate. These insights should be considered in the future design of functional heterostructures of inorganic ML and molecular semiconductor materials.
Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials
Authors: Porzio Jason , Scown Corinne D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRechargeable batteries are necessary for the decarbonization of the energy systems, but life‐cycle environmental impact assessments have not achieved consensus on the environmental impacts of producing these batteries. Nonetheless, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to inform the development of better‐performing batteries with reduced environmental burden. This review explores common practices in lithium‐ion battery LCAs and makes recommendations for how future studies can be more interpretable, representative, and impactful. First, LCAs should focus analyses of resource depletion on long‐term trends toward more energy and resource‐intensive material extraction and processing rather than treating known reserves as a fixed quantity being depleted. Second, future studies should account for extraction and processing operations that deviate from industry best‐practices and may be responsible for an outsized share of sector‐wide impacts, such as artisanal cobalt mining. Third, LCAs should explore at least 2–3 battery manufacturing facility scales to capture size‐ and throughput‐dependent impacts such as dry room conditioning and solvent recovery. Finally, future LCAs must transition away from kg of battery mass as a functional unit and instead make use of kWh of storage capacity and kWh of lifetime energy throughput.
Multi‐Functional Hydrogels for Flexible Zinc‐Based Batteries Working under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Zhao Siyuan , Zuo Yayu , Liu Tong , Zhai Shuo , Dai Yawen , Guo Zengjia , Wang Yang , He Qijiao , Xia Lingchao , Zhi Chunyi , Bae Jinhye , Wang Keliang , Ni Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinc‐based batteries are potential candidates for flexible energy storage due to their high capacity, low cost, and intrinsic safety. Hydrogel electrolytes with saturated aqueous solvents can provide remarkable electrochemical performance while retaining satisfactory flexibility for zinc‐based batteries. The past decades have witnessed their fast growth. However, the study of zinc‐based batteries with hydrogel electrolytes under extreme conditions is still in the early stages and many technical issues remain to be addressed. In this review, the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel electrolytes are discussed for application in zinc‐based batteries. Strategies towards hydrogel electrolytes and flexible zinc‐based batteries under extremely high/low temperatures or under deformation conditions and their behaviors are reviewed and analyzed. Moreover, design strategies for all‐around hydrogel electrolyte that are appropriate for use in all these extreme conditions are proposed. A perspective discussing the challenges and future directions of hydrogel electrolyte for zinc‐based batteries is also provided.
Comparison of Levitt's CO breath test and the 15N‐glycine labeling technique for measuring the lifespan of human red blood cells
Authors: Ye Lei , Ji Yongqiang , Zhou Cong , Luo Junfeng , Zhang Li , Jing Liping , Zhao Xin , Guo Jie , Gao Qingyan , Peng Guangxin , Li Yang , Li Yuan , Li Jianping , Fan Huihui , Yang Wenrui , Yang Yang , Ma Yongjian , Zhang Fengkui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe red blood cell (RBC) lifespan is an important physiological indicator of clear significance in clinical research, used for the differential diagnosis of various diseases such as anemia, compensatory phase hemolysis, and polycythemia. The 15N‐glycine labeling technique is the gold standard method for determining RBC lifespans. However, the usefulness of this technique in clinical settings is seriously hindered by the several weeks required to complete the analyses. Levitt's CO breath test is another reliable technique for determining RBC lifespans, with a simpler protocol giving much faster results, making it more useful in clinical applications. We compared the CO breath test and 15N‐glycine labeling technique for measuring the human RBC lifespan. We investigated human RBC lifespans where each subject undertook both the 15N‐glycine labeling technique and the CO breath test. The correlation between the results from these two methods was analyzed. Eight of the ten subjects successfully completed the study. The RBC lifespan values obtained by Levitt's CO breath test were lower than those obtained by the 15N‐glycine labeling technique. The RBC lifespan values determined from the 15N‐glycine labeling technique and the CO breath test were significantly correlated, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of R = 0.98 (p < 0.05), while the R2 of the linear regression equation was 0.96. The CO breath test exhibits as good performance as the 15N‐glycine labelling technique in distinguishing healthy subjects from subjects with hemolysis. The result suggests that the CO breath test is a reliable method for quickly determining human RBC lifespans in clinical applications.
Prosper Lucas and his 1850 “Philosophical and Physiological Treatise on Natural Heredity”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProsper Lucas (1808–1885) is a unique figure in the history of psychiatric genetics. A physician‐alienist, he authored one of the most important books on human genetics in the mid‐19th century cited frequently by Darwin: the 1,500 page treatise—Philosophical and Physiological Treatise on Natural Heredity (1847–1850). This book contained a novel theory of the nature of inheritance and a detailed review of the heredity of a range of human traits and disorders, including various forms of insanity. Lucas postulated four forms of heredity (direct, crossed, indirect, and atavistic), supported the importance of hereditary factors in insanity, accepted the inheritance of acquired characteristics, considered it important to examine both ancestors and collateral relatives, and recognized that heredity could influence both primary insanity and insanity secondary to other medical conditions. He reviewed the then available literature on most major forms of insanity including separate sections on hallucinations and suicidal monomania. The literature consisted of case reports of unusual families with high concentrations of illness. Lucas advocated for the homogeneity of transmission of forms of illness in families but recognized that—just as the form of illness could evolve within individuals over time—it could change forms when transmitted between relatives.
Supramolecular Bioimaging through Signal Amplification by Combining Indicator Displacement Assay with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Geng Wen‐Chao , Ye Zhongju , Zheng Zhe , Gao Jie , Li Juan‐Juan , Shah Muhammad Raza , Xiao Lehui , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluorescent chemosensors are powerful imaging tools in the fields of life sciences and engineering. Based on the principle of supramolecular chemistry, indicator displacement assay (IDA) provides an alternative approach for constructing and optimizing chemosensors, which has the advantages of simplicity, tunability, and modularity. However, the application of IDA in bioimaging continues to face a series of challenges, including interfering signals, background noise, and inconsistent spatial location. Accordingly, we herein report a supramolecular bioimaging strategy of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐assisted IDA by employing macrocyclic amphiphiles as the operating platform. By merging FRET with IDA, the limitations of IDA in bioimaging were addressed. As a proof of concept, the study achieved mitochondria‐targeted imaging of adenosine triphosphate in live cells with signal amplification. This study opens a non‐covalent avenue for bioimaging with advancements in tunability, generality, and simplicity, apart from the covalent approach.
Reversible Ligand Exchange in Atomically Dispersed Catalysts for Modulating the Activity and Selectivity of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim Jae Hyung , Shin Dongyup , Kim Jinjong , Lim June Sung , Paidi Vinod K. , Shin Tae Joo , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Kug‐Seung , Kim Hyungjun , Joo Sang Hoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRational control of the coordination environment of atomically dispersed catalysts is pivotal to achieve desirable catalytic reactivity. We report the reversible control of coordination structure in atomically dispersed electrocatalysts via ligand exchange reactions to reversibly modulate their reactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The CO‐ligated atomically dispersed Rh catalyst exhibited ca. 30‐fold higher ORR activity than the NHx‐ligated catalyst, whereas the latter showed three times higher H2O2 selectivity than the former. Post‐treatments of the catalysts with CO or NH3 allowed the reversible exchange of CO and NHx ligands, which reversibly tuned oxidation state of metal centers and their ORR activity and selectivity. DFT calculations revealed that more reduced oxidation state of CO‐ligated Rh site could further stabilize the *OOH intermediate, facilitating the two‐ and four‐electron pathway ORR. The reversible ligand exchange reactions were generalized to Ir‐ and Pt‐based catalysts.
Anti‐Swelling Gradient Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel Membranes as High‐Performance Osmotic Energy Generators
Authors: Bian Guoshuai , Pan Na , Luan Zhaohui , Sui Xin , Fan Wenxin , Xia Yanzhi , Sui Kunyan , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmerging asymmetric ionic membranes consisting of two different porous membranes show great superiority in harvesting clean and renewable osmotic energy. The main barriers constraining their applications are incompatible interfaces and a low interfacial ionic transport efficiency, which are detrimental to the long‐term stability and improvement of the power density. Here, continuous‐gradient all‐polysaccharide polyelectrolyte hydrogel membranes prepared by ultrafast reaction/diffusion have been demonstrated to enable high‐performance osmotic energy conversion. Besides an inherent high ion conductivity and excellent ion selectivity, the anti‐swelling polyelectrolyte gradient membranes preserve the ionic diode effect of the asymmetric membranes to facilitate one‐way ion diffusion but circumvent adverse interfacial effects. In consequence, they can present ultrahigh power densities of 7.87 W m−2 by mixing seawater and river water, far superior to state‐of‐the‐art membranes.