bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Color Changes of Different Resin Cements in Feldspathic Ceramic Crowns After Accelerated Aging: An In Vitro Research
Authors: Eskitaşçıoğlu Murat , Akdeniz Mehmet Şerif , Değirmenci Beyza Ünalan 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the color changes that occur after accelerated aging in feldspathic ceramic crowns cemented with three different dual-cured resin cements. Materials and Methods: For each of the A2-colored RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 cement groups, 45 dies from A2-colored zirconia blocks and 45 crowns from CEREC blocks were prepared. Color measurements after 24 h of cementation (T1) and after cycles of aging of 1750 (T2), 3500 (T3), and 7000 (T4) in the thermal cycle device were made using SpectroShade Micro device. The coordinates of the color were used L*, a*, and b* as base and the color change was calculated with ∆ E00 in determining the color. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the times in terms of ∆ L*, ∆ a*, and ∆ b* values. Results: It was found that ∆ L* value decreased significantly in period of the T2, T3, and T4 times compared to T1 in all groups ( P < .05), whereas the change between period of T2, T3, and T4 times was not significant ( P > .05). The ∆ a* value increased significantly in the period of T3 and T4 times compared to T1 in the only G-CEM LinkForce group, whereas the ∆ b* value increased significantly in the period of T4 time compared to T1 in the only Panavia V5 group. The changes in ∆ E00 values, which were observed in all period of times, were found to be between 0.43 and 1.04, 0.43 and 1.43, and 0.40 and 0.97 in RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 groups, respectively. Conclusion: After accelerated aging, it was found that the color of all cements became darker and the G-CEM LinkForce group turned red and the Panavia V5 group turned yellow. However, it was found that the color changes that occurred were within clinically acceptable visible levels.
Comparison of Gene Expression of Inflammation- and Fibrosis-Related Factors Between the Anterior and Posterior Capsule in Patients With Rotator Cuff Tear and Shoulder Stiffness
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Lee Yun-Gyoung , Park Hyung-Seok , Cho Ryu-Kyoung , Lee Hyo-Jin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Arthroscopic capsular release is an effective treatment for refractory shoulder stiffness, yet there are no basic studies that can explain the extent of the release. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the genetic expression of inflammation- and fibrosis-related factors between the anterior and posterior capsules in patients with shoulder stiffness and rotator cuff tear. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Enrolled in this study were 35 patients who underwent arthroscopic capsular release for shoulder stiffness along with the rotator cuff repair. Anterior and posterior glenohumeral joint capsular tissues were obtained during the capsular release. For the control tissue, anterior capsule was obtained from 40 patients without stiffness who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The gene expression of collagen types I and III, fibronectin, extracellular matrix, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor–β, connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin 1, and tumor necrotizing factor–α were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Differences in gene expression between the anterior capsule, the posterior capsule, and the control tissue were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The expression levels of collagen types I and III were significantly higher in the anterior capsule with stiffness com (pared with both the posterior capsule with stiffness ( P = .010 for both) and the control ( P = .038 and .010, respectively). The levels of fibronectin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the anterior capsule were significantly higher than in both the posterior capsule ( P = .013, .003, and .006, respectively) and the control ( P = .014, .003, and .005, respectively). Conclusion: Genetic analysis of the shoulder capsule revealed that more fibrogenic processes occur in the anterior capsule compared with the posterior capsule in patients with shoulder stiffness. Clinical Relevance: Capsular release for shoulder stiffness should be more focused on the anterior capsule than on the posterior capsule.
Influence of Continuous Elbow Valgus Stress on the Medial Elbow Joint Space
Authors: Ikuta Tomoya , Yoshioka Kanta , Matsuzawa Kanta , Maruyama Sae , Edama Mutsuaki 
Published: October 2021

Background: To investigate the effect of ulnar collateral ligament stretching due to the "creep phenomenon," the effect of accumulating elbow valgus stress on ligaments must be clarified. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of continuous elbow valgus stress on the medial elbow joint space (JS). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The authors measured the JS of the nondominant elbow joints of 20 healthy male university students (age, 21.4 ± 0.5 years; height, 171.4 ± 6.5 cm; weight, 65.7 ± 9.1 kg). The participants were seated with their shoulder at 90° of abduction and external rotation and their elbow at 30° of flexion, and elbow valgus stress was maintained at loads of 30 and 60 N using a Telos stress device. The JS was measured on ultrasound images of the medial elbow joint with the elbow in the start limb position (0 N) and then immediately (0 seconds) and at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 seconds after loading. In addition, muscle activity of the pronator teres muscle during JS measurement was monitored to examine the presence or absence of defensive contraction due to pain. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni method for post hoc testing were used for statistical analysis. Results: No participants showed defensive contractions of the pronator teres. At 30 N, JS was significantly larger 60 seconds after loading compared with immediately after loading ( P = .007). At 60 N, JS was significantly larger after 120 seconds, as the loading time of valgus stress increased, compared with immediately after loading ( P = .002). Conclusion: JS was significantly larger immediately after loading of valgus stress, with an increase in continuous elbow valgus stress after 60 seconds at 30 N and after 120 seconds at 60 N. These results suggest that a creep phenomenon may develop around the soft tissue of the elbow when loaded by a continuous valgus stress. Clinical Relevance: JS is significantly increased by continuous elbow valgus stress.
Post‐operative Complication Rate Comparison Between Airway Surgery and Upper Airway Stimulation Using NSQIP and ADHERE
Authors: Van Daele Douglas J. , Cromwell John W. , Hsia Jennifer K. , Nord Ryan S. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePostoperative complication rates were compared between obstructive sleep apnea surgery (OSAS) and hypoglossal nerve upper airway stimulation (UAS).Study DesignCohort.SettingMulti‐institutional international databases.MethodsOSAS data were collected from the NSQIP database (2014; American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program). UAS data were obtained from the ADHERE registry (Adherence and Outcome of Upper Airway Stimulation for OSA International Registry; 2016–December 2019). ADHERE comorbidities and complications were categorized to match NSQIP definitions. A chi‐square test was used for proportion P values.ResultsThere were 1623 UAS procedures in ADHERE and 310 in NSQIP. The UAS group was older than the OSAS group (mean ± SD, 60 ± 11 vs 42 ± 13 years) but similarly male (75% vs 77%) and overweight (body mass index, 29 ± 4 vs 29 ± 3 kg/m2). There was a higher proportion of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease in the UAS cohort. Palatopharyngoplasty was the most common surgical procedure (71%), followed by tonsillectomy (25%). UAS operative time was longer (132 ± 47 vs 54 ± 33 minutes). Postoperative length of stay was not normally distributed, as 71% of UAS stays were <1 day as opposed to 40% of OSA stays (P <. 0001). Thirty‐day return to the operating room related to the procedure was 0.1% for UAS and 4.8% for OSAS (P <. 0001). Surgical site infections were 0.13% for UAS and 0.9% for OSAS (P =. 046).ConclusionThe UAS cohort was older and more likely to have comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. Despite baseline differences, the postoperative complication rate was lower with UAS than with OSAS.
Variation in Deformation Behaviors Along the Transverse Direction During the Warm Rolling of a 1480-mm-Wide AZ31B Plate
Authors: Zhi Chenchen , Ma Lifeng , Jia Weitao , Liu Pengtao , Le Qichi , Huang Zhiquan , Han Tingzhuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA decrease in the weight of aerospace vehicles, large ships, weapons, and high-speed trains will increase the demand for wide-width magnesium alloy plates and their composite parts to replace steel and plastic. An investigation was conducted to study the variation in deformation behaviors along the transverse direction during the warm rolling of a 1480-mm-wide AZ31B plate. A uniaxial thermal compression test with a 59 % reduction was performed at different positions on a 13.7-mm-thick rolled plate along the width direction at a temperature of 220 °C and 270 °C and strain rate of 15 s−1. At the same time, the 13.7-mm-thick plate was rolled in a single pass to 5.6 mm on a mill with a 1725-mm-wide roll to confirm the thermal deformation behavior and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The results show that the main texture type does not change and the grain size does not have a clear deflection when the magnesium alloy plate reaches a certain value under rolling accumulative reduction. The grain size of a 13.7-mm-thick plate increases with a decrease in the distance to the center layer in the thickness direction. In the width direction, the edge (R6) first decreases and then increases toward the symmetric plane (R1). The critical stress required for dynamic recrystallization in the transition zone R3 of the rolled plate width is minimum, and the average grain size is minimum owing to the relatively complete recrystallization.
Subway Embedded Track Geometric Irregularity Safety Limits
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Han Jian , Song Huilai , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA coupling dynamic model of a subway train and an embedded track is established to study the safety limits of track irregularities. The simulated vehicle system was a 74-degrees of freedom multi-rigid body model, and the rail was a Timoshenko beam. The slab was a three-dimensional solid finite element model. The sensitive wavelength irregularity was first studied, and then the safety limit of the sensitive wavelength was analyzed. The wheel-rail lateral force exhibited a substantial effect on the track alignment and gauge irregularity safety limit. The wheel-rail vertical force and the rate of wheel load reduction significantly affected the height and cross-level irregularity safety limit. The results demonstrate that the safety limits of the alignment, gauge, height, and cross-level embedded track geometric irregularity are 5.3 mm, [− 10.5, 8] mm, 5.6 mm, and 6 mm, respectively.
Unveiling the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Stacked-Cup Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Boukhvalov D. W. , Zhidkov I. S. , Kiryakov A. , Menéndez J. L. , Fernández-García L. , Kukharenko A. I. , Cholakh S. O. , Zatsepin A. F. , Kurmaev E. Z. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report results of comprehensive experimental exploration (X-ray photoemission, Raman and optical spectroscopy) of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in combination with first-principles modeling. Core-level spectra demonstrate prevalence of sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms in CNF with a trace amount of carbon–oxygen bonds. The density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations demonstrated no visible difference between mono- and bilayers because σ-orbitals are related to in-plane covalent bonds. The influence of the distortions on π-peak is found to be significant only for bilayers as a result of π–π interlayer bonds formation. These results are supported by both experimental Raman and XPS valence band spectra. The combination of optical measurements with a theoretical modeling indicates the formation of optically active graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the CNF matrix, with a radiative relaxation of the excited π* state. The calculated electronic structure of these GQDs is in quantitative agreement with the measured optical transitions and provides an explanation of the absence of visible contribution from these GQDs to the measured valence bands spectra.
Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq reveals the advantage of polyploid Solidago canadensis in sexual reproduction
Authors: Wu Miao , Liu Huiyuan , Li Bingbing , Zhu Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The invasion of Solidago canadensis probably related to polyploidy, which may promotes its potential of sexual reproductive. S. canadensis as an invasive species which rapidly widespread through yield huge numbers of seed, but the mechanism remains unknown. To better understand the advantages of sexual reproduction in hexaploid S. canadensis, transcriptome and small RNA sequencing of diploid and hexaploid cytotypes in flower bud and fruit development stages were performed in this study.

Results
The transcriptome analysis showed that in the flower bud stage, 29 DEGs were MADS-box related genes with 14 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated in hexaploid S. canadensis; 12 SPL genes were detected differentially expressed with 5 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated. In the fruit development stage, 26 MADS-box related genes with 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated in hexaploid S. canadensis; 5 SPL genes were all up-regulated; 28 seed storage protein related genes with 18 were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 19 modules which consisted of co-expressed DEGs with functions such as sexual reproduction, secondary metabolism and transcription factors. Furthermore, we discovered 326 miRNAs with 67 known miRNAs and 259 novel miRNAs. Some of miRNAs, such as miR156, miR156a and miR156f, which target the sexual reproduction related genes.

Conclusion
Our study provides a global view of the advantages of sexual reproduction in hexaploid S. canadensis based on the molecular mechanisms, which may promote hexaploid S. canadensis owing higher yield and fruit quality in the process of sexual reproduction and higher germination rate of seeds, and finally conductive to diffusion, faster propagation process and enhanced invasiveness.
Intriguing findings of liver fibrosis following COVID-19
Authors: Kolesova Oksana , Vanaga Ieva , Laivacuma Sniedze , Derovs Aleksejs , Kolesovs Aleksandrs , Radzina Maija , Platkajis Ardis , Eglite Jelena , Hagina Elvira , Arutjunana Seda , Putrins Davis Simanis , Storozenko Jelena , Rozentale Baiba , Viksna Ludmila 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies on a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) show the elevation of liver enzymes and liver fibrosis index (FIB-4) independently on pre-existing liver diseases. It points to increased liver fibrogenesis during acute COVID-19 with possible long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess liver fibrosis in COVID-19 patients by serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and FIB-4.

Methods
The study included the acute COVID-19 group (66 patients, 50% females, mean age 58.3 ± 14.6), the post-COVID group (58 patients in 3–6 months after the recovery, 47% females, mean age 41.2 ± 13.4), and a control group (17 people, 47% females, mean age 42.8 ± 11.0). Ultrasound elastography was performed in the post-COVID and control groups.

Results
Sixty-five percent of the acute COVID-19 group had increased FIB-4 (> 1.45), and 38% of patients had FIB-4 ≥ 3.25. After matching by demographics, 52% of acute COVID-19 and 5% of the post-COVID group had FIB-4 > 1.45, and 29% and 2% of patients had FIB-4 ≥ 3.25, respectively. Increased serum HA (≥ 75 ng/ml) was observed in 54% of the acute COVID-19 and 15% of the post-COVID group. In the acute COVID-19 group, HA positively correlated with FIB-4, AST, ALT, LDH, IL-6, and ferritin and negatively with blood oxygen saturation. In the post-COVID group, HA did not correlate with FIB-4, but it was positively associated with higher liver stiffness and ALT.

Conclusion
More than half of acute COVID-19 patients had increased serum HA and FIB-4 related to liver function tests, inflammatory markers, and blood oxygen saturation. It provides evidence for the induction of liver fibrosis by multiple factors during acute COVID-19. Findings also indicate possible liver fibrosis in about 5% of the post-COVID group.
Estimating trunk fat in children according to sex using basic somatic readings: an opportunity for improving evaluation among girls
Authors: Moya Manuel , Pérez-Fernandez Virginia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The fat mass estimators waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and relative fat mass—pediatric (RFMp) complement the widely accepted body mass index (BMI) in obesity evaluation. Aims of the Study: Conduct an easy appraisal of trunk fat and the cardiometabolic risk associated with pediatric obesity.

Methods
A total of 472 children (39% boys in the total sample) were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese (nutritional groups, NGs) according to BMI Z-score after initial anthropometric data were obtained and ad hoc exclusion criteria were applied. WHtR and RFMp (% of total fat) were calculated for each group, associations were assessed through multiple linear regression (MLR), and differences between sexes were evaluated (medians, IQR).

Results
The mean age (mean (95% CI)) was 10.8 y (10.1–11.1). The values in the total sample were as follows: WHtR, 0.5 (0.49–0.51) and RFMp%, 32.3 (31.7–33.0). In the overweight group, the values were as follows: WHtR, 0.51 (0.50–0.52) and RFMp(%), 34.2 (33.3–35.1). In the obese group, the values were as follows: WHtR, 0.56 (0.55–0.57) and RFMp(%), 37.8 (36.9–38.6). The associations were as follows (NG; independent variables): In the NG, adjusted R2 values were between 0.74 and 0.78. In the total sample, the beta coefficient was 3.36 (P < 0.001) for RFMp for girls; for waist circumference (WC), the beta coefficient was 2.97 (P < 0.001), and for WHtR the beta coefficients were − 0.01 (p < 0.001) and 0.03 (p < 0.001),for girls and for WC respectively.
The sex differences were as follows: BMI exhibited no differences in the NG (Mann-Whitney U). WHtR (median (IQR)) differed (M vs. F) in the total sample (0.49 (0.45–0.54) vs. 0.52 (0.45–0.56), p < 0.004); in the overweight group (0.51 (0.48–0.53) vs. 0.54 (0.51–0.55), p < 0.001); and in the obese group (0.55 (0.52–0.57) vs. 0.57 (0.54–0.60), p < 0.004). RFMp (%) differed in the total group (29.21 (24.27–32.92) vs. 36.63 (30.2–39.51), p < 0.001); in the overweight group (31.24 (28.35–32.35) vs. 37.95 (35.75–38.82), p < 0.001) and in the obese group (35.89 (32.05–36.15) vs. 40.63 (38.27–42.42), p < 0.001).

Conclusions
WHtR and RFMp are simple and reliable indices that do not require centile charts. Their values, including waist circumference, can be used to estimate the different trunk fat components in boys and girls better than BMI, especially if individuals are overweight or obese. RFMp proved to be more reliable as it considers sex. Both should be included in routine anthropometric readings.
Legal status as a life course determinant of health: parent status, adjudication stages, and HIV knowledge among highlanders in Thailand
Authors: Koning Stephanie M. , Flaim Amanda , Baldiga Leo , Feingold David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRising nativism and political volatility worldwide threaten to undermine hard-won achievements in human rights and public health. Risks are particularly acute for hundreds of millions of migrants, minorities, and Indigenous peoples, who face disproportionately high health burdens, including HIV/AIDS, and precarious legal status (LS). While LS is receiving increasing attention as a social determinant of health and HIV, understandings are still limited to select immigrant communities. Its effects on health among stateless communities, particularly in the Global South, remain largely unknown. Moreover, widespread limitations in census measures of LS reduce its complexity to a simplistic citizen/non-citizen binary or insufficient proxies. Thailand’s ethnolinguistically diverse highlander population experiences disproportionately high HIV prevalence and comprises one of the world’s largest and most protracted cases of statelessness, an acute condition of precarious LS. As such, analysis of LS and health outcomes among highlanders is both critically warranted, and useful as a case study outside of the migration paradigm.MethodsDrawing on the UNESCO Highland Peoples Survey II (2010), an unprecedented and unique cross-sectional census of highlanders in Thailand, we mobilize complex measures of LS in adjusted ordinal logistic regression models to assess how parent citizenship and LS adjudication over the early life course condition adult HIV knowledge—a key protective factor against transmission (n = 8079).ResultsAdjusted ordinal logistic regression on knowledge scores reveal that parent citizenship predicts odds of greater knowledge by 1.4- to 2.2-fold, depending on ethnic group. This is partially explained by divergent stages of LS adjudication between birth and adulthood, including successful birth registration and adult citizenship acquisition, along with secondary school completion. Preciselyhowthese factors contribute to HIV knowledge varies by ethnic group.ConclusionsThis study advances knowledge of LS outside of the migration paradigm, reveals heretofore unexamined connections between LS and access to public health information, and elucidates how instabilities in LS adjudication stages underlie health inequalities over the life course. Findings indicate that securing success in public health and human rights agendas requires attention to how states adjudicate and deploy LS in multiple stages across the life course to structure access and exclusion among migrant and non-migrant communities alike.