bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Classification and Prediction of Type and Outcome of Treatment of Nosocomial Infection Patients: Using Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Farahbakhsh Amin , Dezfoulian Hamidreza , Khazaee Salman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

In general, a predictive system for the diagnosis and prediction of nosocomial infections can help improve the quality of services in health centers and reduce the associated costs. Therefore, the present study was designed to predict the type and outcome of treatment of nosocomial infection patients using neural network algorithm.
Methods

The study is a cross-sectional one based on the registered data done on the nosocomial infection data of selected hospitals of Hamadan Province from March 2017 to March 2019, including 5,680 cases of nosocomial infections. According to patients' information registered in the Nosocomial Infection Registration System, nine criteria including the patients’ basic clinical information including name of the hospital and ward, infection-causing tool, organism, time from hospitalization to infection, length of hospital stay, age, gender, and weight were used as the explanatory criteria, and two criteria of type of infection and the final outcome of treatment, together with the actual available results, were used as the intended targets for performing the necessary analyses in data mining. In this study, neural network algorithm was implemented using IBM SPSS Modeler Software, version 18.0.
Results

The study results showed that length of hospital stay and hospitalization ward were the most influencing factors on the incidence of nosocomial infection. This network is multilayer and has two output layers and 11 hidden layers as well as 9 input layers. The results of the algorithm, with an accuracy of 91.8%, have had good adjustment with the actual results.
Conclusions

The results obtained from the model can help take an accurate step towards prediction of the likelihood of nosocomial infection and its outcome. It also identifies and prioritizes the factors influencing the incidence of infection.
Diagnostic Error Rates and Associated Factors for Lower Gastrointestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Harada Taku , Watari Takashi , Watanuki Satoshi , Hiroshige Juichi , Kushiro Seiko , Miyagami Taiju , Shusa Syunsuke , Suzuki Satoshi , Hiyoshi Tetsuya , Hasegawa Suguru , Nabeshima Shigeki , Aihara Hidetoshi , Yamashita Shun , Tago Masaki , Yoshimura Fumitaka , Kunitomo Kotaro , Tsuji Takahiro , Hirose Masanori , Tsuchida Tomoya , Shimizu Taro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lower gastrointestinal perforation is rare and challenging to diagnose timeously in the acute abdomen. However, no study has examined the frequency and associated factors of diagnostic errors related to lower gastrointestinal perforation. This large-scale multicenter retrospective study investigated the frequency of diagnostic errors and identified the associated factors. This study retrospectively analyzed data on patient factors, symptoms, situational factors, and physician factors across nine institutions between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. Timely diagnosis was defined as diagnosis at the first visit to a computed tomography (CT)-capable facility or referral to an appropriate medical institution immediately following the first visit to a non-CT-capable facility; cases not meeting this definition were defined as diagnostic errors that resulted in delayed diagnosis. Of the 439 cases of lower gastrointestinal perforation identified, delayed diagnosis occurred in 138 cases (31.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between examination by a non-generalist and delayed diagnosis. Other factors, such as presence of fever, absence of abdominal tenderness, and unavailability of urgent radiology reports, tended to be associated with delayed diagnosis. The initial misdiagnoses mainly comprised gastroenteritis, constipation, and small bowel obstruction. In conclusion, diagnostic errors occurred in about one-third of lower gastrointestinal perforation cases.
Changes in Peripheral Arterial Blood Pressure After Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in Non-traumatic Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Brede Jostein Rødseth , Skjærseth Eivinn , Klepstad Pål , Nordseth Trond , Krüger Andreas Jørstad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be an adjunct treatment to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aortic occlusion may increase aortic pressure and increase the coronary perfusion pressure and the cerebral blood flow. Peripheral arterial blood pressure is often measured during or after CPR, however, changes in peripheral blood pressure after aortic occlusion is insufficiently described. This study aimed to assess changes in peripheral arterial blood pressure after REBOA in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest.Methods An observational study performed at the helicopter emergency medical service in Trondheim (Norway). Eligible patients received REBOA as adjunct treatment to advanced cardiac life support. Peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) was measured before and after aortic occlusion. Differences in arterial blood pressures and EtCO2 before and after occlusion was analysed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.Results Five patients were included to the study. The median REBOA procedural time was 11 minutes and median time from dispatch to aortic occlusion was 50 minutes. Two patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation. EtCO2 increased significantly 60 seconds after occlusion, by a mean of 1.16 kPa (p = 0.043). Before occlusion the arterial pressure in compression phase were 43.2 (12 – 112) mmHg, the mean pressure 18.6 (4 – 27) mmHg and pressure in the relaxation phase 7.8 (-7 – 22) mmHg. Two minutes after aortic occlusion the corresponding pressures were 114.8 (23 – 241) mmHg, 44.6 (15 – 87) mmHg and 14.8 (0 – 29) mmHg. The arterial pressures were significant different in the compression phase and as mean pressure (p = 0.043 and p = 0.043, respectively) and not significant in the relaxation phase (p = 0.223).Conclusion This study is, to our knowledge, the first to assess the peripheral invasive arterial blood pressure response to aortic occlusion during CPR in the pre-hospital setting. REBOA application during CPR significantly increase the peripheral artery pressures. This likely indicates improved central aortic blood pressure and warrants studies with simultaneous peripheral and central blood pressure measurement during aortic occlusion.Trial registration The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03534011).
Determinants that Associated with Traveling History of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia During Stay at Home State of Emergency
Authors: Gebre Kindu Kebede , Demissie Million Wesenu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Disease (COVID-19) has put the world on alert and impacting societies around the world in an unprecedented manner. The main aims of this study was to investigate the association among the socio-demographic factors with traveling history of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia during stay at home state of emergency. Methods: A total of 162 respondents with COVID-19 during March 13, 2020 to May 6, 2020 in Ethiopia were used. Two sided chi-square test was used to test the association between the socio demographic factors among COVID-19 Patients. A log-complement logistic regression model was used to compute the health ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the effect of those factors. Results: The data was analyzed using 162 patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. An association was found between traveling history of COVID-19 infected patients and Gender (male vs female) [B =5.410, p<0.020] and Age group [a=13.082, p<0.004]. Log-complement logistic regression model showed that Gender and Age were significant factors associated to traveling history of COVID-19 Patients. Health ratio showed that increasing risk of traveling history for COVID-19 patients associated with higher number of males [ HR=0.5895, 95%CI: 0.4007-0.8672, P<0.0073] and Age group 18-39 years [HR=0.4139, 95%CI: 0.2385-0.7184, P<0.0017] on patients of COVID-19. Akaike information criteria with minimum value [AIC=1.2158] indicated that Log complement logistic regression model was fitted the data well for the similar dataset of patients’ with novel corona virus. Conclusions: Male Gender and Age group 18-39 years are significant socio-demographic factors associated to traveling history of patients with corona virus disease. Further socio-demographic investigations are required to better understand the extent of association with Gender and Age for effective intervention and fight this pandemic to preserve lives.
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura: Case Report
Authors: Khouzam Matthew S , Khouzam Nayer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura are rare diseases of the thoracic cavity. They frequently grow unnoticed until they exert compressive effects on adjacent organs. Treatment of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura is surgical resection. Post-operative surveillance is recommended to identify early recurrent disease. Case Presentation: We present a rare case of a 76-year-old female patient with no previous pulmonary history who presented with progressive dyspnea, fatigue, and involuntary weight loss. On chest X-ray and computed chest tomography scan, she was found to have a 16.7 cm x 12.8 cm x 10.1 cm bulky mass occupying the left hemithorax with associated compressive atelectasis of the lung. She underwent a computed tomography guided biopsy that revealed the mass to be a solitary fibrous tumor. The patient underwent left muscle sparing lateral thoracotomy with complete resection of the tumor. Post procedure, the left lung fully expanded. 18 months post-resection, she developed a 3.3 cm x 1.7 cm tumor along the left internal thoracic artery lymph node chain which was histologically identical to the resected tumor. The patient is currently being treated with bevacizumab and temozolomide. Conclusion: Solitary fibrous tumors are very rare pleural tumors. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice followed by close post-operative surveillance.
Meta-analysis on the prevalence of Mycoplasmosis in poultry of India and the World
Authors: Ramasamy Kannaki T , Priyanka E. , Nishitha Y. , Haunshi Santosh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mycoplasmosis, is one of the important disease of poultry industry causing huge economic loss. In the present study, the prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS) in poultry from India and the World was estimated using meta-analysis from the studies during 2010–2020. The meta-analysis of studies from the world showed that overall pooled prevalence estimates for MS (42.52% CI: 33.16–52.16) is more than MG (39.31% CI: 25.76–53.74). In India also, the pooled estimate for prevalence of MS (29.34% CI: 14.40-46.93) is more than MG (25.97% CI: 19.41–33.11). However, the prevalence of both MG & MS is comparatively less in India than other parts of world. Pooled estimate through serological techniques was more for both MG & MS than other diagnostic methods and ELISA was the most reported diagnostic method followed by other methods including serum plate agglutination assay (SPA), PCR and isolation etc. Zone wise prevalence estimate showed that south zone has comparatively higher prevalence (37.37%) for both MG & MS than other zones in India. Continent wise analysis revealed that African continent has more prevalence for both MG (50.09 % CI: 31.75–68.42) and MS (44.79 % CI: 23.26–67.37) followed by others. Overall, the current study indicates higher prevalence of Mycoplasmosis worldwide including India and other countries emphasizing the importance of strict implementation of biosecurity measures and vaccinations.
Dhaka Water-logging: Causes, Effects and Remedial Policy Options
Authors: Taufiq Hossain Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Water-logging is a major challenge for Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. The rapid, unregulated, and unplanned urbanization, as well as detrimental social, economic, infrastructural, and environmental consequences, not to mention diseases like dengue, challenge the several crash programs combating water-logging in the city. This study provides a brief contextual analysis of the Dhaka’s geomorphology and natural plain, as well as, storm water drainage systems, before concentrating on the man-made causes and effects of water-logging, ultimately exploring a few remedial measures.
Key factors associated with malaria infection among patients seeking care through the public sector in endemic townships of Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar
Authors: Dunning Jillian , Aung Nang Khaing Zar , Ward Abigail , Aye Moe Moe , Lourenço Christopher , Gallalee Sarah , Lavenberg Stephen , Menach Arnaud Le , Tun Myat Min , Thi Aung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAyeyarwady Region in Myanmar has made significant progress towards malaria elimination, with confirmed cases decreasing from 13,522 in 2013 to 122 in 2019. As transmission declines, malaria becomes increasingly focalized both in geographic hotspots and among population groups sharing certain risk factors. Developing a thorough profile of high-risk activities associated with malaria infections is critical to ensure intervention approaches are evidence-based. MethodsA test-negative study was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018 in Ngaputaw, Pathein and Thabaung townships in Ayeyarwady Region. Patients that presented to selected public facilities or community health volunteers with fever answered survey questions on demographic and behavioral risk factors, including exposure to malaria interventions, and were assigned to case and control groups based on the result of a malaria rapid diagnostic test. A random-effects logistic regression model adjusted for clustering at the facility level, as well as any variables along the causal pathway described by a directed acyclic graph, was used to determine odds ratios and association with malaria infections. ResultsA total of 119 cases and 1,744 controls were recruited from 41 public facilities, with a mean age of 31.3 and 63.7% percent male. Higher risk groups were identified as males (aOR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9) and those with a worksite located within the forest (aOR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4–5.3), specifically working in the logging (aOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–4.6) and rubber plantation (aOR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–6.8) industries. Additionally, links between forest travel and malaria were observed, with risk factors identified to be sleeping in the forest within the past month (aOR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.3), and extended forest travel with durations from 3 to 14 days (aOR 8.6, 95% CI: 3.5–21.4) or longer periods (aOR 8.4, 95% CI: 3.2–21.6). ConclusionMalaria transmission is highly focalized in Ayeyarwady, and results illustrate the need to target interventions to the most at-risk populations of working males and forest goers. It will become increasingly necessary to ensure full intervention coverage of at-risk populations active in forested areas as Myanmar moves closer to malaria elimination goals.
Knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and health seeking behaviours among women attending antenatal care; the case of two referral hospitals in Southwest Cameroon
Authors: Ajabmoh Elvis Nkengasong , Atemnkeng Confidence Alemajo , Nkemayim Denis Chap , Ngunyi Yannick Lechedem , Egbe Thomas Obinchemti 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Danger signs of pregnancy are alerts of obstetric complications which commonly occur from mid to late pregnancy and can lead to maternal and/or fetal morbidity/mortality if appropriate care is not sort in a timely manner. Delay in seeking care is one of the key factors leading to maternal death, which can be associated with poor knowledge on obstetric danger signs. In Cameroon, published data on the assessment of knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy is rare, despite the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and health care seeking behaviours among women attending antenatal care at the Buea and Limbe Regional Hospitals, Cameroon. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional study, conducted at the Antenatal Care unit of Buea and Limbe Regional Hospitals from 24th February 2020 to 24th May 2020. Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was set at a 95% CI, with a P-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were enrolled in study, 117(29.3%) had experienced danger signs during pregnancy and reported the healthcare seeking behaviours after recognizing the danger sign. Among those who recognized danger signs, majority 91(77.8%) visited a healthcare facility. Almost two-thirds 246(61.5%) of respondents had poor knowledge of danger signs. The most commonly mentioned danger sign was vaginal bleeding 257(64.25%). Women who were older than 19 years (AOR=3.96; 95%CI: 2.8-4.1, P=0.006), and women who attended at least high school (AOR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.7-5.3), P= 0.001) were associated with good knowledge of danger signs. Conclusion: Knowledge of danger signs during pregnant was poor among antenatal care attendees in both hospitals. Age older than 19 years and at least high school attendance was associated with good knowledge. Also, women took appropriate healthcare seeking actions after recognizing danger signs during pregnancy. Thus, intervention programs aiming to improve women’s knowledge on pregnancy danger signs should be intensified during antenatal care visits.
Mobility analysis of a robotic cardiopulmonary resuscitation device
Authors: Ardestani Mahdi , Asgari Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During chest compressions action, in CPR (CPR), the 2 arms of the rescuer constitute a parallel mechanism. Inspired by this performance, during this study a specific family of lower mobility parallel manipulators by employing a modified version of Delta robot is proposed for chest compressions in rescuing a patient. One of the biggest differences between this mechanism and the Delta parallel mechanism is that the position of the three active connections of the robot relative to each other has changed the geometry of the platforms. Also, it shapes the asymmetrical structure within the robot mechanism and its workspace. Another difference is due to the architectural optimization method considering the mixed performance index, which has been used during this mechanism to achieve a much better compromise between the manipulator dexterity and its workspace. Within the present paper, after introducing the architecture of the robot, a closed-form solution is developed for the kinematic problem and therefore the results are verified using MSC. Adams©. Then Jacobian matrix is generated to gauge the singularity problem of the proposed mechanism. then, the workspace of the robot is investigated and compared with the original Delta mechanism.
Beneficial immune-regulatory effects of novel strains of Aureobasidium pullulans AFO-202 and N-163 produced beta glucans in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Ikewaki Nobunao , Raghavan Kadalraja , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar Devaprasad , Vaddi Suryaprakash , Iwasaki Masaru , Preethy Senthilkumar , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Abraham Samuel JK 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Immune system dysregulation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. A balanced immune response is essential to mounting anti-viral defences, and biomarkers such as the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive-protein (LCR) ratio have been reported as potential predictors of immune status. The beneficial immunomodulation effects of a biological response modifier glucan (BRMG) produced by two strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, AFO-202 and N-163, were reported in earlier in vitro studies. In this study, we compared their efficacy on immune-inflammatory parameters in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Methods:This study was performed on four groups of healthy SD rats, with six subjects in each group: Group 1, which was euthanised on Day 0 to obtain baseline values; Group 2, which served as the control (drinking water); Group 3, which received AFO-202 beta glucan at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day; and Group 4, which received N-163 beta glucan at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day. Test solutions were administered to the animals in Groups 2–4 by gavage once daily for 28 consecutive days. Biochemical analyses were conducted on haematological, immunological and inflammatory biomarkers on Days 15 and 29.Results:The NLR decreased, whereas the LCR and leukocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR) increased in Group 3 (AFO-202) at 15 days, but the values were within the normal physiological range only. At 29 days, this difference among the groups was not observed. There were no significant differences between the groups in the other parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, WBC count, CRP, IgA, IL-6, IFN-γ and sFAS.Conclusion:AFO-202 beta glucan helps marginally decrease NLR and increase LCR and LeCR in healthy SD rats within 15 days. This might be beneficial to tackling infections such as COVID-19 that involve immune system dysregulation. These results warrant further investigations in larger numbers of healthy and diseased models to develop appropriate strategies for balancing immune system dysregulation using these beta glucan food supplements with proven safety.
A highly stable, nanotube-enhanced, CMOS-MEMS thermal emitter for mid-IR gas sensing
Authors: Popa Daniel , Hopper Richard , Ali Syed Zeeshan , Cole Matthew , Fan Ye , Veigang-Radulescu Vlad-Petru , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Nallala Jayakrupakar , Xing Yuxin , Alexander-Webber Jack , Hofmann Stephan , De Luca Andrea , Gardner Julian William , Udrea Florin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The gas sensor market is growing fast, driven by many socioeconomic and industrial factors. Mid-infrared (MIR) gas sensors offer excellent performance for an increasing number of sensing applications in healthcare, smart homes, and the automotive sector. Having access to low-cost, miniaturized, energy efficient light sources is of critical importance for the monolithic integration of MIR sensors. Here, we present an on-chip broadband thermal MIR source fabricated by combining a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) micro-hotplate with a dielectric-encapsulated carbon nanotube (CNT) blackbody layer. The micro-hotplate was used during fabrication as a micro-reactor to facilitate high temperature (>700 • C) growth of the CNT layer and also for post-growth thermal annealing. We demonstrate, for the first time, stable extended operation in air of devices with a dielectric-encapsulated CNT layer at heater temperatures above 600 • C. The demonstrated devices exhibit almost unitary emissivity across the entire MIR spectrum, offering an ideal solution for low-cost, highly-integrated MIR spectroscopy for the Internet of Sensors.