bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE HYBRID ENERGI ANTARA SOLAR CELL DAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (TEG)
Authors: Rifal Mohamad , Dera Nurmala Shanti , Pido Rifaldo 
Published: April 2021

Until 2012, the electrification ratio in Gorontalo Province was 64.35%. The potential of primary energy available in Gorontalo to generate electrical energy is quite large and has opportunities to be developed, be it hydro, solar, or geothermal. The use of sunlight as a source of electrical energy is carried out using solar cells or solar panels. Solar panels can be used to convert solar radiation into electrical energy. The electric voltage generated by the solar panels can be used to charge the battery. Besides, the potential for thermal energy from hot springs can also be used as electrical energy by using a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). The purpose of this study is to test whether the use of thermoelectric placed on aluminum plates can increase the voltage output of the thermoelectric generator and compare the resulting output voltage between hybrid energy, (solar cell and thermoelectric generator). The method used in this study is to measure the output voltage generated by the solar panels and each TEG every 1 hour. Then measure the total voltage of the hybrid generator. The results showed that the voltage obtained from TEG utilization depends on the temperature received by the TEG. The highest voltage is at TEG 6 at 3.7V at 10.00. the highest hybrid voltage is 37.4 v. Sampai dengan tahun 2012 rasio elektrifikasi di Provinsi Gorontalo sebesar 64,35%[1]. Potensi energi primer yang tersedia di Gorontalo untuk membangkitkan energi listrik cukup besar dan mempunyai peluang untuk dikembangkan baik itu tenaga air, matahari maupun tenaga panas bumi. Pemanfaatan cahaya matahari sebagai sumber energi listrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan solar sel atau panel surya. Panel surya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengkonversi radiasi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya dapat dipakai untuk mengisi baterai. Selain itu juga Potensi energi panas dari sumber air panas juga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menguji apakah penggunaan Termoelektrik yang diletakkan pada pelat almunium dapat meningkatkan output tegangan dari thermoelektrik generator dan membandingkan tegangan output yang dihasilkan antara hybrid energy, (solar cell dan thermoelektrik generator). Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu mengukur tegangan output yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya dan masing-masing TEG tiap 1 jam. Kemudian mengukur tegangan total pembangkit hybrid. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tegangan yang di dapatkan dari pemanfaatan TEG tergantung dari suhu yang di terima oleh TEG tersebut. tegangan paling tinggi berada pada TEG 6 sebesar 3.7V pada pukul 10.00. tegangan hybrid paling tinggi yaitu 37.4 v.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCACAH PLASTIK JENIS PET SKALA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA (HOME INDUSTRY)
Authors: Silitonga Yoel Frenky 
Published: April 2021

Various community problems that often occur in life are waste problems, including plastic bottle waste. Plastic waste is now possible to be recycled again and one way to help the recycling process is to make a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic waste shredding machine that can be used by home industries and is expected to increase work efficiency. The research method using the RE (Reverse Action) method begins with the design and fabrication of a plastic chopping machine. From the results of the design of the machine has dimensions of 450mm high and 500mm wide. In the chopping area, the engine has 28 blades which are driven by two shafts, where one shaft is driven and the other is driven through the gears. The transmission system uses sprockets and chains. The main driving force for the plastic chopping machine uses an electric motor with a power of 2 HP and a rotation of 35 rpm. From the test results, 1 kg of plastic cups can be chopped in 2 minutes, while 1 kg of plastic bottles can be chopped in 1.5 minutesBerbagai persoalan masyarakat yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan adalah masalah sampah, antara lain sampah botol plastik. Sampah plastik kini sangat memungkinkan untuk bisa didaur ulang kembali dan salah satu cara untuk membantu proses daur ulang tersebut adalah membuat mesin pencacah sampah plastik jenis PET (polyethylene terephthalate) yang mampu digunakan industri rumah tangga dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode RE (Reverse Action) diawali dengan melakukan perancangan dan fabrikasi mesin pencacah plastik. Dari hasil perancangan mesin memiliki dimensi tinggi 450mm dan lebar 500mm. Pada area pencacahan mesin mempunyai 28 pisau yang digerakan oleh dua poros, dimana satu poros sebagai penggerak dan satu lagi poros yang digerakan melalui roda gigi.. Sitem transmisi menggunakan sprocket dan rantai. Penggerak utama mesin pencacah plastik menggunakan motor listrik dengan daya 2 HP dan putaran poros pisau pencacah 35 rpm. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan 1kg gelas plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 2 menit, sedangkan untuk 1kg botol plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 1,5 menit.
PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISIS ALAT MICROBUBBLE GENERATOR (MBG) UNTUK AERASI KOLAM IKAN TIPE NOZZEL VENTURI
Authors: Rofik Denis Abdur 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to apply a kind of aeration in a fish pond called Microbubble Generator (MBG) to the cultivation of fish. Microbubble Generator (MBG) carried on based on the principle of a tube venturi in which water circulates through a channel narrows so that air that is sucked into a device and driven by water flowing to make micro is the size of bubbles. Microbubble Generator (MBG) Tested in fish breeding research center Subang (BRPI), the results highlight the potential promised Microbubble Generator (MBG) as aeration affordable to applied in cultivation. Notwithstanding the oxygen dissolved do not differ significantly with aeration conventional, Microbubble Generator (MBG) shows degradation faster than organic content in water and induced a faster growth. Nozzle venturi is made with a different form between the input and output. The input nozzle venturi semicircular 18 mm in diameter than the 3mm in diameter and output, as for the output conical 8mm in diameter and output in the 14mm and the diameter of flow water use semi jet pump. The result of testing Microbubble Generator (MBG) where the initial conditions oxygen content 7,7 mg/l, after Microbubble Generator (MBG) on the run in the 1 hour in which it is dissolved oxygen content increased to 8,8 mg/l, the lowest oxygen content produced 8,0 mg/l and highest oxygen content produced 9,0 mg/lPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan jenis aerasi kolam ikan disebut Microbubble Generator (MBG) untuk budidaya ikan. Microbubble Generator (MBG) dijalankan berdasarkan prinsip tabung venturi di mana air beredar melalui saluran menyempit sehingga udara yang tersedot ke dalam perangkat dan didorong oleh air yang mengalir untuk membuat gelembung berukuran mikro. Microbubble Generator (MBG) diuji Di Balai Riset Pemuliaan Ikan Subang (BRPI), Hasil menyoroti potensi menjanjikan Microbubble Generator (MBG) sebagai aerasi terjangkau untuk diterapkan dalam budidaya. Meskipun tingkat oksigen terlarut tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan aerasi konvensional, Microbubble Generator (MBG) menunjukkan degradasi lebih cepat dari kandungan organik dalam air dan diinduksi pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat. Nozzel Venturi ini dibuat dengan bentuk yang berbeda antara input dan output. Lubang input nozzel venturi berbentuk setengah lingkaran yang berdiameter 18 mm di hulu dan keluaran berdiameter 3 mm, sedangkan untuk lubang output berbentuk kerucut yang berdiameter 8 mm di hulu dan keluaran berdiameter 14 mm dan untuk proses mengalirkan air menggunakan pompa semijet. Hasil dari pengujian microbubble generator (MBG) dimana kondisi awal kadar oksigen 7,7 mg/l, setelah microbubble generator (MBG) dijalankan dalam waktu 1 jam kadar oksigen yang terlarut meningkat menjadi 8,8 mg/l, kadar oksigen terendah yang dihasilkan 8,0 mg/l dan kadar oksigen tertinggi yang dihasilkan 9,0 mg/l.
الوقف المؤقت: دراسـة تأصيلية فقهية
Authors: Ab Rahman Muhamad Firdaus , Amanullah Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

The majority of Muslim jurists agreed on the legality of waqf, but they differed in the declaration of waqf (sighah); whether endowment can be temporary or it is limited to perpetuity. The objective of this paper is to discuss the concept of Temporary Waqf, to analyze the views of scholars and to discuss their evidences, to discuss the interest (maslahah) of contemporary application, as well as to analyze the implementation of temporary waqf in Kuwat. A qualitative methodology was used to analyze the data through inductive and deductive methods. The findings shows that contemporary 122 Vol.20 (April) 2017 experiences of Muslim societies and communities indicate that temporality by will of the founder and by nature of objectives is part of social life as all societies need it as much as they need perpetuity. It can be implied that fatwas that were issued by the Fatwa Committee in regard of Endowment are required to be reassessed from time to time and not limited to single sectarian especially in the field of waqf.
الملخص
اتفــق جمهــور الفقهــاء علــى مشــروعية الوقــف، ولكنهــم اختلفــوا فــي صيغــة الوقــف، هــل يقبــل تأقيتــه بمــدة معينــة أو أنــه ال يجــوز إال مؤبــدا. تهــدف هــذه الورقــة إلــى بحــث مفهــوم الوقــف المؤقــت، وآراء الفقهــاء القائليــن بالتأبيــد والقائليــن بالتأقيــت، ومناقشــة األدلــة التــي اعتمــد عليهــا كل مذهــب، ثــم تنظــر فــي مصلحــة تطبيقاتهــا المعاصــرة، وكذلــك بيــان عــن تجربــة الوقــف المؤقــت فــي دولــة الكويــت. يعتمــد الباحثــان فــي هــذه الدراســة علــى منهجيــن؛ المنهــج االســتقرائي والمنهــج التحليلــي. ومــن النتائــج المتوقعــة مــن البحــث أن الوقــف المؤقــت يحقــق المصلحـة للواقـف والموقـوف عليـه والمجتمـع فـي عصرنـا الحديـث، ألنـه يناسـب الظـروف التـي يعيشـها النـاس، ويناسـب فئـات األغنيـاء فـي العصـور الحديثـة، ويالحـظ أن الغنـى فـي معظمـه ال يتمثـل فـي العقـار، وإنمـا يتمثـل فـي مصـادر أخـرى كثيـرة تـدر الدخـل وتكسـب الغنـى. وتقتـرح هـذه الورقـة تشـجيع لجنـة اإلفتـاء وهيئـات األوقـاف علـى أال تقيـد بالمذهـب المعيـن فحسـب فـي اســتنباط الحكــم الشــرعي خصوصــا فــي مجــال الوقــف.
Al-Quran dan Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu
Authors: Fahimah Siti 
Published: April 2021

In understanding the Koran, there are many approaches that can be applied, including by using the semantic approach proposed by Thoshihiko Izutsu. One of the cases raised by Tashihiko's semantic approach is to understand the concept of maqam, the choice of using semantics in understanding the Koran will result in a comprehensive understanding other than what is done by conventional tafsir scholars. The steps taken in Tashihiko's semantic are searching for keywords, looking for basic meanings and relational meanings which include syntagmatic and diachronic analyzes, looking for synchronic and diachronic meanings which include 3 periods, namely, pre-qur'anic, qur'anic and post-qur'anic. , and determine weltanschoung. With these steps, it is found that the word maqam has several results, namely (1) The word maqam and its revasion is mentioned 18 times in the Koran with 7 invented words, namely, مَقَام, مَقَامِي, مَقَامِكَ, مَقَامَهُمَا, مُقاَمَ|, مُقاَمًا, and المُقاَمَةِ. What is contained in 16 letters, namely, 1) QS. Al-Baqarah, 2) QS. Ali Imran, 3) QS. Al-Maidah, 4) QS. Yunus, 5) QS. Ibrahim, 6) QS. Al-Isra ', 7) QS. Maryam, 8) QS. Al-Furqan, 9) QS. As-syu'arah, 10) QS. An-Naml, 11) QS. Al-Ahzab, 12) QS. Fathir, 13) QS. As-Shaffat, 14) QS. Ad-Dukhan, 15) QS. Ar-Rahman, and 16) QS. An-Naziat. (2) Weltanschauung said maqa m is: 1) Maqa m means al-wa'du wa al-wa'id, 2) Maqam means al-hijr, and 3) Allah means the holder of prerogative rights.
Tea Polyphenols Prevent Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury via Promoting Translocation of DJ-1 to Mitochondria
Authors: Jia Chun-Mei , Zhang Feng-Wei , Wang Shu-Juan , Wang Wei , Li Yong 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, which commonly targets on the lung. Tea polyphenols (TP) have many pharmacological activities, but their role in sepsis induced lung injury remains unclear.ResultsInjection of TP after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation elevated the survival rate in a concentration dependent manner. TP treatment improved alveoli structure injury under CLP operation. CLP surgery increased the expression of inflammatory factors IL1β, IL6, and TNFα expression, which was reversed by TP injection. In addition, CLP operation promoted apoptosis and senescence in tissues and cells during lung injury, while TP administration removed the damaged role of CLP on lung tissues and cells. Furthermore, CLP operation or LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment induced dysfunction of mitochondria in lung tissues and cells, but TP contributed to recover mitochondria function, which exhibited as inhibition of ROS production inhibition and increase of ATP content and Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Interestingly, DJ-1 was inhibited by CLP operation but promoted by TP treatment. Overexpression of DJ-1 reversed the injury of LPS on L2 cells and recovered mitochondria normal function. And silencing of DJ-1 in rats or alveolar epithelial cells blocked the protection effect of TP.ConclusionOur research revealed that TP protected against lung injury via upregulating of DJ-1 to improve mitochondria function, which contributed to the prevention and treatment of sepsis induced lung injury.
How Nanopores Influence Dry-Frame VP Pressure Sensitivity
Authors: Raj Rohit , Jaiswal Priyank , Wang Yulun , Grammer G. Michael , Weger Ralf J. 
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates how nanopore size distribution influences dry-frame P-wave velocity (VP) pressure sensitivity. The study uses a set of twenty-three samples belonging to a single vertical core from the Mississippian-age Meramec formation of the mid-continent US. Individual samples had their facies interpreted, composition estimated, He-gas porosity (ΦHe) determined, and P-wave and S-wave transit times systematically measured for dry core-plugs in a 5–40 MPa loading and unloading cycle. Data from the unloading cycle were linearized in the log scale, and the slope of the best fitting line was considered as a representative of the dry-frame VP pressure sensitivity. A series of photomicrographs from each sample were analyzed using image processing methods to obtain the shape and size of the individual pores, which were mostly in the nanopore (10−6–10–9 m) scale. At the outset, the pore-shape distribution plots were used to identify and discard samples with excessive cracks and complex pores. When the remaining samples were compared, it was found that within the same facies and pore-shape distribution subgroups VP pressure sensitivity increased as the dominant pore-size became smaller. This was largely independent of ΦHe and composition. The paper postulates that at the nanopore scale in the Meramec formation, pores are mostly isolated, and an increase in the confining pressure increased the bulk moduli of the fluids in the isolated pores, which in turn increased the VP pressure sensitivity. The study proposes incorporating this effect quantitatively through a dual-fluid model where the part of the fluid in unconnected pores is considered compressible while the remaining is considered incompressible. Results start to explain the universal observation of why the presence of microporosity quintessentially enhances VP pressure sensitivity.
Association Between Respiratory Alkalosis and the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Wu Chenfang , Wang Guyi , Zhang Quan , Yu Bo , Lv Jianlei , Zhang Siye , Wu Guobao , Wu Shangjie , Zhong Yanjun 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with or without respiratory alkalosis, and analyze the relationship of respiratory alkalosis and the outcome of adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of adult COVID-19 patients in a single center in China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and cox regression were adopted to analyze the association between respiratory alkalosis and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Results: Of 230 adult COVID-19 patients, 66 patients (28.7%) had respiratory alkalosis on admission. Of 66 patients, the median age was 53 years old (range, 21–84 years), and 43 (65.2%) were female. Compared with those without respiratory alkalosis, patients with respiratory alkalosis were significantly older (P = 0.002), had a higher proportion of female (P = 0.004), and showed higher ratios of underlying diseases including hypertension (P = 0.023) and cardiovascular disease (P = 0.028). Moreover, they demonstrated higher proportion of severe events (P = 0.001). Patients with respiratory alkalosis had a higher possibility of developing severe events compared with those without respiratory alkalosis (Log Rank P = 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities, patients with respiratory alkalosis still showed significantly elevated risks of developing to severe cases (HR 2.445, 95% CI 1.307–4.571, P = 0.005) using cox regression analyses.Conclusions: Respiratory alkalosis as a common acid—base disorder in COVID-19 patients, was associated with a higher risk of developing severe event.
Study on the Experience of Public Health System Construction in China's COVID-19 Prevention
Authors: Zhang Pengfei 
Published: April 2021

Background: China's experience in the process of COVID-19 prevention provides a reference for other countries in the world. This article studied the experience of public health system construction in China's COVID-19 prevention.Methods: Based on literature review and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a theoretical framework of national public health system construction in health crisis. Based on this theoretical framework, combined with the policies and measures formulated by the Chinese government in the process of COVID-19 prevention, this article evaluate the advantages and deficiencies of China's public health system construction in response to COVID-19.Results: The Chinese government ensured the adequate supply of health resources, improved people's ability to pay medical expenses, and adopted advanced public health propaganda methods based on the Internet to help people grasp the basic information and development trend of COVID-19 in the process of COVID-19 prevention. At the same time, the utilization efficiency of health resources was low in China, people's ability to pay for medical expenses was unequal, and the disclosure of virus information in the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19 is not timely.Conclusions: Other countries can learn from the advantages of China's public health system construction and avoid China's deficiencies in the process of public health system construction, which will help them improve the efficiency of COVID-19 prevention.
“They Just Tell Me to Abstain:” Variable Access to and Uptake of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Adolescents Living With HIV in Kenya
Authors: Lawrence Sarah , Moraa Hellen , Wilson Kate , Mutisya Immaculate , Neary Jillian , Kinuthia John , Itindi Janet , Nyaboe Edward , Muhenje Odylia , Chen Tai-Ho , Singa Benson , McGrath Christine J. , Ngugi Evelyn , Kohler Pamela , Roxby Alison C. , Katana Abraham , Ng'ang'a Lucy , John-Stewart Grace C. , Beima-Sofie Kristin 
Published: April 2021

Background: To improve holistic care for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), including integration of sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS), the Kenya Ministry of Health implemented an adolescent package of care (APOC). To inform optimized SRH service delivery, we sought to understand the experiences with SRHS for ALHIV, their primary caregivers, and health care workers (HCWs) following APOC implementation.Methods: We completed a mixed methods evaluation to characterize SRHS provided and personal experiences with access and uptake using surveys conducted with facility managers from 102 randomly selected large HIV treatment facilities throughout Kenya. Among a subset of 4 APOC-trained facilities in a high burden county, we conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 40 ALHIV and 40 caregivers of ALHIV, and 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Facility survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Of 102 surveyed facilities, only 56% reported training in APOC and 12% reported receiving additional adolescent-related SRHS training outside of APOC. Frequency of condom provision to ALHIV varied, with 65% of facilities providing condoms daily and 11% never providing condoms to ALHIV. Family planning (FP) was provided to ALHIV daily in 60% of facilities, whereas 14% of facilities reported not providing any FP services to ALHIV. Screening and treatment for STIs for adolescents were provided at all clinics, with 67% providing STI services daily. Three key themes emerged characterizing experiences with adolescent SRHS access and uptake: (1) HCWs were the preferred source for SRH information, (2) greater adolescent autonomy was a facilitator of SRH discussions with HCWs, and (3) ALHIV had variable access to and limited uptake of SRHS within APOC-trained health facilities. The primary SRHS reported available to ALHIV were abstinence and condom use education. There was variable access to FP, condoms, pregnancy and STI testing, and partner services. Adolescents reported limited utilization of SRHS beyond education.Conclusions: Our results indicate a gap in SRHS offered within APOC trained facilities and highlight the importance of adolescent autonomy when providing SRHS and further HCW training to improve SRHS integration within HIV care for ALHIV.