bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical issues in Cocoa purchasing and transportation. Perspective of Social consumerism with Christian blending from Proverbs 11:1
Authors: Arhin Solomon , Santuoh Frederick Joe 
Published: August 2021

Pragmatically, there has been hot debate on the way Cocoa industry is managed in Ghana. These problems, mostly ethical in nature relate to Cocoa Purchasing and Transportation. Social Consumers have argued these out from Christian and Biblical perspectives such as proverbs 11:1. Christian critics in the industry argue that their career in the industry raises a lot of ethical and moral questions .These include not only the integrity and objectivity of the measuring instrument used in measuring the commodity from the producers level, but also the monopolization of cocoa exports and lack of new value creation activities in the industry as well as streamlining the activities of handling losses through the transportation of the raw materials to their points of conveyance. One will however, envisage that Christian organizations have not wholly been involved in the establishment of firms in Cocoa industry as commonly observed in financial and educational sectors in Ghana where, many of such firms belong to several religious organizations. The carefulness and integrity of these honorable Christian men and women in tempering with the controversial measurement scale as per the policies of the License Buying Companies (LBCs) have been questioned because the fragility of the industry makes people so susceptible to dishonesty and corruption which create a lot of ethical issues. According to a UK Department for Environmental, Rural and Food Affairs (DEFRA), more than half of consumers in the country said they will not try to buy products whose ethics they disagree with.
The objective of this study is to assess the ethical issues and current innovations on cocoa purchases in relation to the controversial scale and to understand the reasons for lack of value added creation activities. The methodology involved data collection (a survey) and use of the theoretical framework .Secondary data on cocoa purchases for the ten years period between 2001-2010 were used for the analysis. In addition responses from eighty-seven marketing clerks representing two major License Buying Companies (LBCS) were collected as a basis for generalization and thirdly, expertsâ€™ opinion from two members of COCOBOD were gathered to provide descriptive analysis on the current condition in the COCOBOD.
The results indicate that adjustment of scales by marketing clerks still remains the big and unresolved unethical practices in the minds of the farmers therefore scale adjustment is seen to be unfair and unethical from farmersâ€™ perspective and according to proverbs 11:1. Many of the respondents advocate for involvement of Christian organizations in the industry to help resolve unethical practices. The opinion from the experts clearly shows that COCOBOD has no tracking mechanism of cocoa purchases. However, manufacturing of raw beans are seen to be on the increase compared to the previous four years.
State modification and market mechanism for agroindustrial complex management in the region
Authors: Kaldiyarov Daniyar , Nurmukhankyzy Daniya , Bedelbaeva Assel , Kaldiyarov Sanzhar , Lemechshenko Olesya , Baltabayeva Ainur 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to development of approaches and practical recommendations on issues of state regulation and state support of agro-industrial complex economic entities as a factor of stimulating economic growth of industry as a whole. Having based on the study of development trends of agroindustrial complex in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its state regulation, we assessed effectiveness of implementing target programs, identified causes and constraints, which include imperfect legislative, theoretical and methodological elaboration of mechanisms for their implementation, inconsistency between organizational-level program developments and processes of their implementation.
Keywords: state regulation, agricultural sector, agroindustrial complex (AIC), agriculture, agricultural products, agricultural policy, food security.
Career Planning And Management In Businesses
Authors: Tandogan Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

In parallel with rapidly changing world, in self renewing business life, individuals have to determine their own career path properly and the organisations have to choose up the employees who will make them superior, provide the added value and make progress consistently. This necessity caused career management to be appeared. Thus, individual organisation integration was supplied bringing need based targets into conformity with the organisationsâ€™ future goals. At this stage with career planning, both individuals have to determine their own goals and the organisation also has to analyse to what extent it can provide these requirements. A well organised career planning carries weight in the terms of supplying prudential productivity. Thereby, the sustainability of career management and planning is possible with a career development system. Career development is a process which contains to provide the facilities of improving the personnelâ€™s knowledge, skills and talents. Thus, it becomes not only the individualâ€™s but also the organisations success.

Keywords: organised, individual, organisation, individual, organisation
Domestication and foreignisation of allusions in Persian translations of Waiting for Godot: A case study
Authors: Farahani Mehrdad Vasheghani , Kaleybar Nima Mahmoudi 
Published: August 2021

In this thesis, Samuel Beckettâ€™s Waiting for Godot along with its Persian translation was analysed in terms of Venutiâ€™s dichotomy of domestication and foreignisation. The allusion samples were selected through the whole book. Then, the translations of the allusions were analysed. It was found that foreignisation happened mainly when there was a proper name (PN) in the item which was translated. Items without PN were almost domesticated. Even if they had been foreignised, the referents for the TT reader would have been ungraspable, mainly due to the cultural and religious differences. These findings will help literary translators to have a better understanding of such plays. Having taken that the translators would stick to the findings of this research, the readers will be able to have an expressive translation of the play rather than an informative piece of translation. Also, the findings can be an aid in both empirical and theoretical studies.

Keywords:Domestication, foreignisation, allusion, style, literary translation
Message from Editor
Authors: Uzunboylu Huseyin 
Published: August 2021

Dear Readers,
It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 2, Issue 2 of International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences (IJNTSS).
International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences (IJNTSS) is a multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides a scientific platform for presenting and discussing new trends and issues in social sciences. It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of social sciences. The journal publishes original researches, surveys and review articles of all the disciplines of social sciences, and it comprises comprehensive leading and current trends in social sciences.
A total number of fifteen (15) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, six (6) high quality research paper was selected and accepted for publication. Accordingly, aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. . There are different research topics discussed in the articles.
We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Best regards,
Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu
Editor â€“ in Chief
An elegant lady or a flower girl? A critical discourse analysis of pygmalion through a systemic functional perspective
Authors: Rahimi Ali , Nami Anarjan Hamideh 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the language of the main female character called Eliza in the play â€˜Pygmalionâ€™ by Bernard Shaw. This analysis is done by applying the transitivity system, which is part of English linguist Hallidayâ€™s (1985; 1994) systemic-functional grammar. According to the transitivity system, verbs can be classified into six processes: material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioural and existential. The most important ones, which are analysed in the play Pygmalion for the analysis of power status, are the material, mental and relational processes. When considering the pattern of participant representation in a text from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, it is useful to have some general sense of the types of participants, which tend to be construed grammatically as powerful and of those which are construed as less powerful or even powerless. The investigation is based on the ideas suggested by Goatly (2000) who made the interesting suggestion that we may construct a hierarchy of participant power relations in a text based on their roles in different types of clauses and processes. The results show that Eliza's change of power status has an effect on her role as a participant in clauses and processes in the play that is in accordance with Goatly's (2000) theory about participants' power hierarchy in process types.
Keywords: CDA, systemic functional grammar, transitivity, power, participant role.
Student attitudes towards computer-assisted language learning and its effect on their EFL writing
Authors: Jahangard Ali , Rahimi Ali , Norouzizadeh Maral 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) students towards the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs and their perceived view on an online writing system that was developed in the present study by means of a questionnaire as well as an asynchronous discussion forum. An online writing system was developed and a sample of 30 EFL learners, studying at Sharif University of Technology in Iran, was assigned to the study. The CALL attitudes of the participants were assessed by a CALL questionnaire, which indicated that Iranian students attached a high value to CALL. Moreover, the comments of the participants that were posted on a discussion forum were analysed with the aid of Henriâ€™s framework (1992), which revealed the presence of certain concepts and themes within the views of learners towards the use of computers in their educational settings.

Keywords: Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), computer-assisted language learning (CALL), EFL writing, student attitudes.
The comparative effects of different gloss types through screencast on vocabulary learning and working memory of Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Tavasoli Mohammad Reza , Mowlaie Bahram , Majid Milad Abdol , Rahimi Ali 
Published: August 2021

Screen cast as a viable digital tool to enhance vocabulary learning and retention is quite rare in many language contexts in Iran. It was stipulated that the application of different gloss types as a new pedagogical technique could be of value for this purpose. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of different gloss types presented through screen cast on learning vocabulary and working memory (WM). For this purpose, 60 male Iranian EFL learners were assigned to three equal groups (i.e., two experimental and a control group). After pre-tests, the experimental groups were taught vocabulary through different gloss types (i.e., lexical and topic-level) by means of a screen cast presentation. The control group was instructed through traditional techniques. The analysis of the data in post-tests revealed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group. It is thus suggested that gloss types presented via screen cast can boost EFL learnersâ€™ vocabulary knowledge and WM. This result can have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and material developers.

Keywords: Gloss types, screen cast, vocabulary learning, working memory.
Connection of architectural education with the technological world in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Karaca Alp 
Published: August 2021

Due to the developing economic and technological opportunities, our structural environment and living spaces vary. In line with the increasing supply and demands of human beings, technological developments are increasing day by day, and they are trying to meet the expectations. The technological developments that started with the French Revolution show themselves in our living spaces, in every environment, where human beings exist and play the first-order factor in our lives. There is a process where living spaces and designs change and technological developments restructure the social environment of human beings. Technology, which developed rapidly, especially after 1990, is no longer a necessity but has become an indispensable part of our social life. Today, our relations with each other are now in a direct connection with technology. While our living spaces are being renewed and changed so rapidly, todayâ€™s adequacy of architectural education should be questioned. Has the education given in architectural education been able to meet the rapidly increasing demands of human beings? Have technological opportunities been a part of architectural education and can they use it effectively? The answer to these questions will be tried to be answered within the scope of architectural education, which is the focus of the research. In particular, the extent to which architectural design, which has a great place in the virtual reality environment, is supported during the university education process will be explored and the relationship between technological developments and design education will be revealed. In addition to the resource and data analyses to be carried out at all universities that provide architectural education accredited by YOK throughout Northern Cyprus, the research will also include observation methods and reports.

Keywords: Architectural education, technology, living spaces, virtual reality, design, North Cyprus.
Bilingualism and reading proficiency: Experiences of Armenian, Persian and Azeri students
Authors: Dadashi Mehdi , Soltani Ali , Rahimi Ali 
Published: August 2021

The study presented here is an attempt to investigate the role of bilingualism in EFL studentsâ€™ reading comprehension proficiency, and to that end six classes of three high schools were randomly chosen. These high schools were Soghomonian (Armenian bilinguals), Taleghani (Turkish bilinguals) and Ershad (Persian monolinguals). They were given a questionnaire and a reading comprehension test and the obtained data were analysed through one-way analysis of variance test. The performance of the three groups was significantly different. Tukeyâ€™s HSD showed that the Armenian bilingual group was the first and best group and the Persian monolingual group was the second one; however, the Turkish bilingual group was the poor third. The results suggest that L1 literacy practices of the Armenian bilinguals have worked to their advantage to the extent that they have outperformed the other two groups. This has not been the case with the Turkish bilinguals whose lack of L1 practices has worked to their detriment.
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Keywords: Bilingualism, literacy, reading comprehension, EFL students.
COVID-19 Related Misconceptions and Prevention Practices Among the Public in a Southeastern City in Nigeria
Authors: Iloanusi Sorochi , Mgbere Osaro , Iloanusi Nchebe-Jah Raymond , Yunusa Ismaeel , Essien Ekere J. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought several misconceptions that could hinder individuals from taking necessary measures to prevent infection, thus, undermining the public health containment efforts. We aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 related misconceptions and their associations with demographic characteristics and prevention practices in Onitsha city in Anambra state, Nigeria.
Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 140 adult residents of Onitsha city in Anambra state, Nigeria, conducted in March 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the study population and determine the associations between COVID-19 misconceptions, demographic characteristics, and implementation of COVID-19 prevention practices. Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS JMP Statistical DiscoveryTM Software version 14.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA).
Results: The participants’ average age was 34.5 (SD: ±10.9) years, and most were males (54.3%). Misconceptions about COVID-19 among the study population resulted in markedly reduced compliance with nearly all prevention practices. Some participants believed that COVID-19 would not spread in Nigeria (34.4%, p<0.0001), was not fatal (10.8%, p<0.0001), can be prevented and cured through spiritual means (48.2%, P <0.0001), use of herbs (13.6%, P <0.0001), use of antibiotics (11.4%, p<0.0001) and that COVID-19 vaccine was available (25.4%, p<0.01). Misconception about the possibility of COVID-19 spread was significantly associated with non-compliance to all prevention practices (P<0.05) except travel restrictions.
Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Our study suggests the need for the government to tailor interventions targeting the common misconceptions in Onitsha in order to improve the public’s trust and compliance with recommended COVID-19 prevention practices. Misconception has become a significant public health challenge, primarily as its prioritization over scientific evidence and guidelines directly affects the pandemic preparedness and control efforts and may cause more people to be at risk of contracting COVID-19.

Copyright © 2021 Iloanusi et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Assessment of physicochemical and radon-attributable radiological parameters of drinking water samples of Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Prakhar , Nautiyal OP , Joshi Manish , Kumar Ankur , Ahamad Taufiq , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the quality of drinking water samples (sample size = 52) taken from various locations of Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand. The parameters include physiochemical properties viz. total dissolved solids (TDS in mg/L), electrical conductivity/salinity (µS/cm), pH and radiological dose attributable to radon in water (µSv/y). TDS values for the tested samples varied within the range of 18–434 mg/L with average value of 148 mg/L. Electrical conductivity and pH for these samples was measured as 36–868 µS/cm (average: 296 µS/cm) and 6.8–8.2 (average: 7.2), respectively. Radon activity concentration for these water samples was measured using scintillation-based radon monitor, immediately after sampling at the location site. Radon activity concentration was measured as 0.6–81.9 Bq/L with an average value of 17.8 Bq/L. The paper also estimates the annual effective ingestion dose (µSv/y), annual effective inhalation dose (µSv/y) and total effective dose (µSv/y) attributable to radon in drinking water samples. Spatial patterns for the observed variations have also been interpreted for the dataset obtained over the terrestrial region.
Transcriptional reprogramming of skeletal muscle stem cells by the niche environment
Authors: Soleimani Vahab , Lazure Felicia , Farouni Rick , Sahinyan Korin , Blackburn Darren , Hernández-Corchado Aldo , Perron Gabrielle , Lu Tianyuan , Ragoussis Ioannis , Crist Colin , Perkins Theodore , Jahani-Asl Arezu , Najafabadi Hamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Adult stem cells are indispensable for tissue regeneration, but the number and regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age. Whether the decrease in stem cell function is the cause or consequence of the aging of a tissue is unclear. Evidence suggests that the niche environment plays a critical role in the regulation of adult stem cell function6-10. However, quantification of the niche effect on stem cell function is an unmet challenge. Using muscle stem cells (MuSCs) as a model, we show that aging leads to a significant transcriptomic shift in MuSC subpopulations. By combining in vivo MuSC transplantation, multi-omics and computational methods, we show that the expression of approximately half of all age-altered genes in MuSCs can be restored by exposure to a young niche environment. Age-related genes whose expression is not restored exhibit altered chromatin accessibility and are associated with differentially methylated regions between young and aged cells. Our findings establish that the expression of the majority of age-related altered genes that are not epigenetically encoded is readily restorable by exposure to a young niche environment. The stem cell niche may therefore be an important therapeutic target to mitigate the negative consequences of aging on tissue regeneration.
Molecular description of meningeal solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas compared to meningiomas: two completely separate entities
Authors: Apra Caroline , Guillemot Delphine , Frouin Eléonore , Bouvier Corinne , Mokhtari Karima , Kalamarides Michel , Pierron Gaëlle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFT), like all SFT, are defined by NAB2-STAT6 fusion and share clinicopathologic similarities with meningiomas, the most frequent meningeal tumors. Our aim is to establish the molecular identity of meningeal SFT and seek molecular prognostic factors. Methods: RNA sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed in STAT6-positive SFT and grade 2–3 meningiomas, and data concerning other soft tissues tumors was obtained from the local database. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), individual gene expression and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed. Results: RNA clustering shows that SFT share a common molecular signature, different from any other type of tumoral tissue. Meningeal SFT aggregate with other SFT, with no clinical or histological subgroup. Comparison of genes expressions suggests significant over-expressions of ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC5, GABBR2, TP53 in CNS-SFT. The pathogenic TP53 c.743G > T variant, previously undescribed in SFT, was found in one sample of meningeal SFT during malignant progression. Conclusions: Meningeal SFT are molecular counterparts of extra-meningeal SFT, completely separate from meningiomas. They might develop from the same tissues and benefit from the same treatments as SFT.