bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of planting dates and recommended insecticides application on Earias insulana (Boisd.) and its associated predators in cotton field in Egypt
Authors: Moustafa Hemat Z. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCotton crops are an important agricultural product in Egypt. However, the bollworm Earias insulana is a significant pest of cotton. Field experiment was carried out during the 2018 and 2019 seasons at Qaha Experimental Station, Qalyoubia governorate to determine the best dates for sowing cotton crops, to minimize E. insulana infestation and maintain high populations of the predators of spiny bollworm. The latest sowing date had a significantly lower infestation of squares, flowers and green bolls than the other two sowing dates. After spraying the three planting date plots with profenofos, lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl insecticides, infestation of cotton bolls by spiny bollworm was significantly reduced in treated compared with untreated plots. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.829* and 0.827*) was found between the average temperature and E. insulana infestation of squares and flowers, respectively, for the first planting date and (r = 0.819*) in squares for the second planting date of untreated plots of season 2018. The explained variance percentages of multiple regression analysis showed that the effects of mean temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the third sowing date had a significantly lower infestation of squares, flowers and green bolls by spiny bollworm as compared to the first and second sowing dates. The populations of common natural enemies of E. insulana on cotton plants, i.e., Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata and spiders were counted during the two seasons. The correlation between the RH percentage and populations of the three predators was insignificantly positive during the 2018 season, while it was negatively or positively insignificant during the 2019 season. The correlation between the mean temperature and the populations of the three predators was insignificantly negative for C. carnea and positive for spiders during the 2018 season, whereas a positive correlation was found between temperature and C. carnea and spiders and a negative correlation between temperature and C. undecimpunctata during the 2019 season.
‘BRIGANDS’ AND ‘TYRANTS’ IN JOSEPHUS’BELLVM JVDAICVM
Authors: Ben-Yishai Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article argues against the long-enduring practice of Josephan scholarship to treat the termsτύραννος(‘tyrant’) andλῃστής(‘brigand’) as a collocation, or as undistinguished terms of invective employed by Josephus against various Jewish antagonists in hisBellum Judaicum(=BJ). Towards this aim, the article first examines the frequency in which these two terms appear together throughout the text of theBJ, before turning to a critical examination of particular passages that feature the terms, in order to prove that they are, in fact, not used as undistinguished terms of invective but as terms pertaining to two distinct classes of people: renegade aristocrats vying with their peers for absolute power (the ‘tyrants’) and their gangs of foot soldiers comprising men from the lower classes (the ‘brigands’). The article concludes that Josephus used these terms in this manner in order to convey to his readership, which largely consisted of Roman aristocrats, that the ringleaders of the Judaean revolt which raged betweena.d.66–73 were akin to renegades who periodically wreaked havoc on Rome's own aristocracy, often with devastating consequences for class and country alike.
Model-based joint and task space control strategies for a kinematically redundant parallel manipulator
Authors: Fontes João Vitor de Carvalho , Colombo Fernanda Thaís , da Silva Natássya Barlate Floro , da Silva Maíra Martins 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne alternative to overcome the presence of singularities within Parallel Manipulators’ workspace is kinematic redundancy. This design alternative can be realized by adding an extra active joint to a kinematic chain. Due to this addition, the IKM presents an infinite number of solutions requiring a redundancy resolution scheme. Moreover, Parallel Manipulators’ control may require complex strategies due to their coupled and complex dynamic and kinematic relations. In this work, a model-free, a joint space computed torque, and a hybrid joint-task-space computed torque control strategies are experimentally compared for a kinematically redundant parallel manipulator. The latter is a novel strategy that requires the measurement of the end-effector’s pose, which is performed by an eye-to-hand limited frame rate camera. The impact of up to three kinematic redundancy levels is also experimentally evaluated using prepositioning and ongoing positioning redundancy resolution schemes. The data are assessed by evaluating a prescribed trajectory executed using a planar kinematically redundant parallel manipulator. These results indicate that kinematic redundancy can not only be used as an alternative design for reducing the presence of singular regions, as claimed in the literature, but also be used along with model-based control strategies for improving dynamic performance and accuracy of parallel manipulators.
Algebraic cycles and intersections of three quadrics
Authors: LATERVEER ROBERT 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLetYbe a smooth complete intersection of three quadrics, and assume the dimension ofYis even. We show thatYhas a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition, in the sense of Shen–Vial. As a consequence, the Chow ring of (powers of)Ydisplays K3-like behaviour. As a by-product of the argument, we also establish a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition for double planes.
À nouveauandde nouveauin spoken and written French
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the alternation between the near-synonymous French adverbialsà nouveauandde nouveau‘again’, which has received scarce attention in the literature. While previous descriptions assume that both adverbials are used to express that an eventuality is repeated, it is shown thatde nouveauandà nouveaudiffer systematically with respect to their preferred usage contexts. On the basis of combined results from a questionnaire that tests speakers’ intuitions and a probabilistic analysis of the alternation between the two adverbials in corpus data,à nouveauis shown to be more likely to express a repetitive meaning, whereasde nouveauis more likely to express a restitutive meaning, i.e. the return to a previous state of affairs. The analysis also suggests that due to its status of an innovative variant that is gradually displacingde nouveau,à nouveauis less restricted regarding its usage contexts. Finally, a significant difference between the two variants is found regarding modality, in that the use ofà nouveauis more likely in written language, whereas the use ofde nouveauis more likely in spoken language.
Ahead of the (ROC) Curve: A Statistical Approach to Utilizing Ex-Gaussian Parameters of Reaction Time in Diagnosing ADHD Across Three Developmental Periods
Authors: Galloway-Long Hilary , Huang-Pollock Cynthia , Neely Kristina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Performance on executive function (EF) tasks is only modestly predictive of a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), despite the common assumption that EF deficits are ubiquitous to the disorder. The current study sought to determine whether ex-Gaussian parameters of simple reaction time are better able to discriminate between children and adults with and without ADHD, compared with traditional measures of inhibitory control.Methods:Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to examine the ability of performance on two commonly used tasks of inhibitory control (i.e. stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and go-no-go tasks) to predict ADHD status in preschool (N = 108), middle childhood (N = 309), and young adulthood (N = 133).Results:Across all samples, SSRT, go-no-go percentage of failed inhibits, and standard deviation of reaction (SDRT) time to “go” trials, all successfully discriminated between individuals with and without ADHD. Ex-Gaussian decomposition of the RT distribution indicated that both larger tau and larger sigma drove findings for SDRT. Contrary to predictions, traditional measures of inhibitory control were equal if not better predictors of ADHD status than ex-Gaussian parameters.Conclusions:Findings support ongoing work to quantify the separate contributions of cognitive subprocesses that drive task performance, which in turn is critical to developing and improving process-based approaches in clinical assessment.
Impacts of Sea Ice Mushy Thermodynamics in the Antarctic on the Coupled Earth System
Authors: DuVivier A. K. , Holland M. M. , Landrum L. , Singh H. A. , Bailey D. A. , Maroon E. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze two preindustrial experiments from the Community Earth System Model version 2 to characterize the impact of sea ice physics on differences in coastal sea ice production around Antarctica and the resulting impact on the ocean and atmosphere. The experiment in which sea ice is a more realistic “mushy” mixture of solid ice and brine has a substantial increase in coastal sea ice frazil and snow ice production that is accompanied by decreasing bottom ice growth and increasing bottom melt. The more realistic “mushy” physics leads to an increase in water mass formation at denser water classes due primarily to surface ice processes. As a result, the subsurface ocean is denser, saltier, and there is an increase in Antarctic Bottom Water formation of 0.5 Sv. For the atmosphere, “mushy” ice physics leads to decreased turbulent heat flux and low level cloud cover near the Antarctic coast.
Microglia modulation with 1070-nm light attenuates Aβ burden and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Tao Lechan , Liu Qi , Zhang Fuli , Fu Yuting , Zhu Xi , Weng Xiaofu , Han Hongbin , Huang Yong , Suo Yuanzhen , Chen Liang , Gao Xiaoling , Wei Xunbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotobiomodulation, by utilizing low-power light in the visible and near-infrared spectra to trigger biological responses in cells and tissues, has been considered as a possible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while its specific mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that cognitive and memory impairment in an AD mouse model can be ameliorated by 1070-nm light via reducing cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, the hallmark of AD. The glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, play important roles in Aβ clearance. Our results show that 1070-nm light pulsed at 10 Hz triggers microglia rather than astrocyte responses in AD mice. The 1070-nm light-induced microglia responses with alteration in morphology and increased colocalization with Aβ are sufficient to reduce Aβ load in AD mice. Moreover, 1070-nm light pulsed at 10 Hz can reduce perivascular microglia and promote angiogenesis to further enhance Aβ clearance. Our study confirms the important roles of microglia and cerebral vessels in the use of 1070-nm light for the treatment of AD mice and provides a framework for developing a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
Analysis of a Casimir-driven parametric amplifier with resilience to Casimir pull-in for MEMS single-point magnetic gradiometry
Authors: Javor Josh , Yao Zhancheng , Imboden Matthias , Campbell David K. , Bishop David J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Casimir force, a quantum mechanical effect, has been observed in several microelectromechanical system (MEMS) platforms. Due to its extreme sensitivity to the separation of two objects, the Casimir force has been proposed as an excellent avenue for quantum metrology. Practical application, however, is challenging due to attractive forces leading to stiction and device failure, called Casimir pull-in. In this work, we design and simulate a Casimir-driven metrology platform, where a time-delay-based parametric amplification technique is developed to achieve a steady-state and avoid pull-in. We apply the design to the detection of weak, low-frequency, gradient magnetic fields similar to those emanating from ionic currents in the heart and brain. Simulation parameters are selected from recent experimental platforms developed for Casimir metrology and magnetic gradiometry, both on MEMS platforms. While a MEMS offers many advantages to such an application, the detected signal must typically be at the resonant frequency of the device, with diminished sensitivity in the low frequency regime of biomagnetic fields. Using a Casimir-driven parametric amplifier, we report a 10,000-fold improvement in the best-case resolution of MEMS single-point gradiometers, with a maximum sensitivity of 6 Hz/(pT/cm) at 1 Hz. Further development of the proposed design has the potential to revolutionize metrology and may specifically enable the unshielded monitoring of biomagnetic fields in ambient conditions.
Pharmacometric approach to assist dosage regimen design in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Matcha Saikumar , Raj Elstin Anbu , Mahadevan Ramya , Raju Arun Prasath , Rajesh V , Lewis Leslie Edward , Mallayasamy Surulivelrajan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the treatment of choice for neonates diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia (PA). Dosing recommendations of various therapeutic agents including antimicrobials were not specifically available for the neonates undergoing TH.MethodsA systematic search methodology was used to identify pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of antimicrobials during TH. Antimicrobials with multiple PK studies were identified to create a generalizable PK model. Pharmacometric simulations were performed using the PUMAS software platform to reproduce the results of published studies. A suitable model that could reproduce the results of all other published studies was identified. With the help of a generalizable model, an optimal dosage regimen was designed considering the important covariates of the identified model.ResultsWith the systematic search, only gentamicin had multiple PK reports during TH. A generalizable model was identified and the model predictions could match the reported/observed concentrations of publications. Birth weight and serum creatinine were the significant covariates influencing the PK of gentamicin in neonates. A dosage nomogram was designed using pharmacometric simulations to maintain gentamicin concentrations below 10 μg/mL at peak and below 2 μg/mL at trough.ConclusionsA generalizable PK model for gentamicin during TH in neonates was identified. Using the model, a dosing nomogram for gentamicin was designed.ImpactDosing guidelines for antimicrobials during TH in neonates is lacking.This is the first study to identify the generalizable model for gentamicin during TH in neonates.Nomogram, proposed in the study, will aid the clinicians to individualize gentamicin dosing regimen for neonates considering the birth weight and serum creatinine.
Association between cytomegalovirus infection, reduced gray matter volume, and resting-state functional hypoconnectivity in major depressive disorder: a replication and extension
Authors: Zheng Haixia , Ford Bart N. , Kuplicki Rayus , Burrows Kaiping , Hunt Peter W. , Bodurka Jerzy , Kent Teague T. , Irwin Michael R. , Yolken Robert H. , Paulus Martin P. , Savitz Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a neurotropic herpes virus known to cause neuropathology in patients with impaired immunity. Previously, we reported a reduction in the gray matter volume (GMV) of several brain regions in two independent samples of participants who were seropositive for HCMV (HCMV+) compared to matched participants who were seronegative for HCMV (HCMV−). In addition to an independent replication of the GMV findings, this study aimed to examine whether HCMV+ was associated with differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rsfMRI-FC). After balancing on 11 clinical/demographic variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), GMV and rsfMRI-FC were obtained from 99 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were classified into 42 HCMV+ and 57 HCMV− individuals. Relative to the HCMV− group, the HCMV+ group showed a significant reduction of GMV in nine cortical regions. Volume reduction in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (standardized beta coefficient (SBC) = −0.32, [95%CI, −0.62 to −0.02]) and the left pars orbitalis (SBC = −0.34, [95%CI, −0.63 to −0.05]) in the HCMV+ group was also observed in the previous study. Regardless of the parcellation method or analytical approach, relative to the HCMV− group, the HCMV+ group showed hypoconnectivity between the hubs of the sensorimotor network (bilateral postcentral gyrus) and the hubs of the salience network (bilateral insula) with effect sizes ranging from SBC = −0.57 to −0.99. These findings support the hypothesis that a positive HCMV serostatus is associated with altered connectivity of regions that are important for stress and affective processing and further supports a possible etiological role of HCMV in depression.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin alleviates liver inflammation of diabetic mice by acting as a ROS scavenger and inhibiting the NFκB pathway
Authors: Wang Xin , Ke Jing , Zhu Ying-jun , Cao Bin , Yin Rui-li , Wang Yan , Wei Ling-ling , Zhang Li-jie , Yang Long-yan , Zhao Dong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a common chronic metabolic disease, the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) may also be accompanied by liver damage and inflammatory disorders. Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4, also known as CD26), which is clinically used for DM treatment. However, the mechanism of sitagliptin’s efficiency in liver diseases is largely unknown. In this study, mice suffering from streptozotocin (STZ) exhibit elevated liver DPP4 expression and activity, as well as inflammatory and chronic liver injury phenotype, whereas specifically inhibiting the activity of DPP4 in mouse liver tissues and hepatocytes by sitagliptin contributes to decreased cytokines, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, sitagliptin reduced TNFα or LPS-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell apoptosis, and protein expression in the NFκB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells or primary mouse hepatocytes. Altogether, our study confirms that sitagliptin may protect liver tissue by alleviating ROS production and NFκB signaling activation, providing a putative mechanism for preventing the development of diabetic liver disease.
Generation of human blastocyst-like structures from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fan Yong , Min Zheying , Alsolami Samhan , Ma Zhenglai , Zhang E. , Chen Wei , Zhong Ke , Pei Wendi , Kang Xiangjin , Zhang Puyao , Wang Yongliang , Zhang Yingying , Zhan Linfeng , Zhu Haiying , An Chenrui , Li Rong , Qiao Jie , Tan Tao , Li Mo , Yu Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman blastocysts are comprised of the first three cell lineages of the embryo: trophectoderm, epiblast and primitive endoderm, all of which are essential for early development and organ formation. However, due to ethical concerns and restricted access to human blastocysts, a comprehensive understanding of early human embryogenesis is still lacking. To bridge this knowledge gap, a reliable model system that recapitulates early stages of human embryogenesis is needed. Here we developed a three-dimensional (3D), two-step induction protocol for generating blastocyst-like structures (EPS-blastoids) from human extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells. Morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that EPS-blastoids contain key cell lineages and are transcriptionally similar to human blastocysts. Furthermore, EPS-blastoids are similar with human embryos that were cultured for 8 or 10 days in vitro, in terms of embryonic structures, cell lineages and transcriptomic profiles. In conclusion, we developed a scalable system to mimic human blastocyst development, which can potentially facilitate the study of early implantation failure that induced by developmental defects at early stage.
Network mapping of root–microbe interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: He Xiaoqing , Zhang Qi , Li Beibei , Jin Yi , Jiang Libo , Wu Rongling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how plants interact with their colonizing microbiota to determine plant phenotypes is a fundamental question in modern plant science. Existing approaches for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often focused on the association analysis between host genes and the abundance of individual microbes, failing to characterize the genetic bases of microbial interactions that are thought to be important for microbiota structure, organization, and function. Here, we implement a behavioral model to quantify various patterns of microbe-microbe interactions, i.e., mutualism, antagonism, aggression, and altruism, and map host genes that modulate microbial networks constituted by these interaction types. We reanalyze a root-microbiome data involving 179 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and find that the four networks differ structurally in the pattern of bacterial-fungal interactions and microbiome complexity. We identify several fungus and bacterial hubs that play a central role in mediating microbial community assembly surrounding A. thaliana root systems. We detect 1142 significant host genetic variants throughout the plant genome and then implement Bayesian networks (BN) to reconstruct epistatic networks involving all significant SNPs, of which 91 are identified as hub QTLs. Results from gene annotation analysis suggest that most of the hub QTLs detected are in proximity to candidate genes, executing a variety of biological functions in plant growth and development, resilience against pathogens, root development, and abiotic stress resistance. This study provides a new gateway to understand how genetic variation in host plants influences microbial communities and our results could help improve crops by harnessing soil microbes.
Materials informatics platform with three dimensional structures, workflow and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Yao Mingjia , Wang Yuxiang , Li Xin , Sheng Ye , Huo Haiyang , Xi Lili , Yang Jiong , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the proposal of the “Materials Genome Initiative”, several material databases have emerged and advanced many materials fields. In this work, we present the Materials Informatics Platform with Three-Dimensional Structures (MIP-3d). More than 80,000 structural entries, mainly from the inorganic crystal structural database, are included in MIP-3d. Density functional theory calculations are carried out for over 30,000 entries in the database, which contain the relaxed crystal structures, density of states, and band structures. The calculation of the equations of state and sound velocities is performed for over 12,000 entries. Notably, for entries with band gap values larger than 0.3 eV, the band degeneracies for the valence band maxima and the conduction band minima are analysed. The electrical transport properties for approximately 4,400 entries are also calculated and presented in MIP-3d under the constant electron-phonon coupling approximation. The calculations of the band degeneracies and electrical transport properties make MIP-3d a database specifically designed for thermoelectric applications.