bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and classroom collective moral disengagement in offline and online bullying: A short‐term multilevel growth model study
Authors: Bjärehed Marlene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis short‐term longitudinal study examined whether individual moral disengagement and classroom collective moral disengagement were associated with offline and online bullying over the course of 1 year. Multilevel growth modeling with three levels was used to analyze data from a sample of 1048 Swedish students in 68 classrooms. The students completed a self‐report questionnaire at two time‐points separated by approximately 1 year. All students were in fifth grade (Mage = 11.5) at the first timepoint and in sixth grade (Mage = 12.6) at the second timepoint. Results showed that students reported more offline and online bullying if they had higher initial levels of individual moral disengagement and if they belonged to classrooms with higher initial levels of classroom collective moral disengagement. Also, a change in individual moral disengagement was positively associated with a change in bullying others offline and online.
Optimal diagnostic test allocation strategy during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Du Jiacong , J Beesley Lauren , Lee Seunggeun , Zhou Xiang , Dempsey Walter , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTimely diagnostic testing for active SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infections is key to controlling the spread of the virus and preventing severe disease. A central public health challenge is defining test allocation strategies with limited resources. In this paper, we provide a mathematical framework for defining an optimal strategy for allocating viral diagnostic tests. The framework accounts for imperfect test results, selective testing in certain high‐risk patient populations, practical constraints in terms of budget and/or total number of available tests, and the purpose of testing. Our method is not only useful for detecting infections, but can also be used for long‐time surveillance to detect new outbreaks. In our proposed approach, tests can be allocated across population strata defined by symptom severity and other patient characteristics, allowing the test allocation plan to prioritize higher risk patient populations. We illustrate our framework using historical data from the initial wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in New York City. We extend our proposed method to address the challenge of allocating two different types of diagnostic tests with different costs and accuracy, for example, the RT‐PCR and the rapid antigen test (RAT), under budget constraints. We show how this latter framework can be useful to reopening of college campuses where university administrators are challenged with finite resources for community surveillance. We provide a R Shiny web application allowing users to explore test allocation strategies across a variety of pandemic scenarios. This work can serve as a useful tool for guiding public health decision‐making at a community level and adapting testing plans to different stages of an epidemic. The conceptual framework has broader relevance beyond the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
A fast and oblivious matrix compression algorithm for Volterra integral operators
Authors: Dölz J. , Egger H. , Shashkov V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe numerical solution of dynamical systems with memory requires the efficient evaluation of Volterra integral operators in an evolutionary manner. After appropriate discretization, the basic problem can be represented as a matrix-vector product with a lower diagonal but densely populated matrix. For typical applications, like fractional diffusion or large-scale dynamical systems with delay, the memory cost for storing the matrix approximations and complete history of the data then becomes prohibitive for an accurate numerical approximation. For Volterra integral operators of convolution type, thefast and oblivious convolution quadraturemethod of Schädle, Lopez-Fernandez, and Lubich resolves this issue and allows to compute the discretized evaluation withNtime steps in$O(N \log N)$O(NlogN)complexity and only requires$O(\log N)$O(logN)active memory to store a compressed version of the complete history of the data. We will show that this algorithm can be interpreted as an${{\mathscr{H}}}$H-matrix approximation of the underlying integral operator. A further improvement can thus be achieved, in principle, by resorting to${{\mathscr{H}}}^{2}$H2-matrix compression techniques. Following this idea, we formulate a variant of the${{\mathscr{H}}}^{2}$H2-matrix-vector product for discretized Volterra integral operators that can be performed in an evolutionary and oblivious manner and requires onlyO(N) operations and$O(\log N)$O(logN)active memory. In addition to the acceleration, more general asymptotically smooth kernels can be treated and the algorithm does not require a priori knowledge of the number of time steps. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by application to some typical test problems.
Evaluating anthracycline + taxane versus taxane-based chemotherapy in older women with node-negative triple-negative breast cancer: a SEER-Medicare study
Authors: Schreiber Anna R. , Kagihara Jodi , Eguchi Megan , Kabos Peter , Fisher Christine M. , Meyer Elisabeth , Molina Elizabeth , Kondapalli Lavanya , Bradley Cathy J. , Diamond Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces recurrence in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, data are lacking evaluating anthracycline + taxane (ATAX) versus taxane-based (TAX) chemotherapy in older women with node-negative TNBC, as they are often excluded from trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant ATAX versus TAX on cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in older patients with node-negative TNBC.

Patients and methods
Using the SEER-Medicare database, we selected patients aged ≥ 66 years diagnosed with Stage T1-4N0M0 TNBC between 2010 and 2015 (N = 3348). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate 3-year OS and CSS. Multivariant Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with use of ATAX compared to TAX.

Results
Approximately half (N = 1679) of patients identified received chemotherapy and of these, 58.6% (N = 984) received TAX, 25.0% (N = 420) received ATAX, and 16.4% (N = 275) received another regimen. Three-year CSS and OS was improved with any adjuvant chemotherapy from 88.9 to 92.2% (p = 0.0018) for CSS and 77.2% to 88.6% for OS (p < 0.0001). In contrast, treatment with ATAX compared to TAX was associated with inferior 3-year CSS and OS. Three-year CSS was 93.7% with TAX compared to 89.8% (p = 0.048) for ATAX and OS was 91.0% for TAX and 86.4% for ATAX (p = 0.032).

Conclusion
While adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes, the administration of ATAX compared to TAX was associated with inferior 3-year OS and CSS in older women with node-negative TNBC. The use of adjuvant ATAX should be considered carefully in this patient population.
Rare events in the Arctic
Authors: Overland James E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwenty years ago, the Arctic was more resilient than now as sea ice was three times thicker than today. Heavier and more persistent sea ice provided a buffer against the influence of short-term climate fluctuations. Sea ice/atmospheric interactions now point to revisiting the concept of abrupt change. The recent decade has seen Arctic extreme events in climate and ecosystems including some events beyond previous records that imply increased future uncertaintly. While their numbers may increase, the distribution of the type, location, and timing of extreme events are less predictable. Recent processes include albedo shifts and increased sensitivity of sea ice to storms in marginal seas. Such new extremes include Greenland ice mass loss, sea ice as thin and mobile, coastal erosion, springtime snow loss, permafrost thaw, wildfires, and bottom to top ecosystem reorganizations, a consilience of impacts. One cause for such events is due to natural variability in a wavy tropospheric jet stream and polar vortex displacements, interacting with ongoing Arctic Amplification: temperature increases, sea ice loss, and permafrost thaw. This connecting hypothesis is validated by the variability of rare events matching interannual and spatial variability of weather. A proposed way forward for adaptation planning is through narrative/scenario approaches. Unless CO2 emissions are reduced, further multiple types of Arctic extremes are expected in the next decades with environmental and societal impacts spreading through the Arctic and beyond.
Empowering study of breast cancer data with application of artificial intelligence technology: promises, challenges, and use cases
Authors: Panahiazar Maryam , Chen Nolan , Lituiev Dmytro , Hadley Dexter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to create significant value by improving time-sensitive outcomes while lowering error rates for each patient. Diagnostic images, clinical notes, and reports are increasingly generated and stored in electronic medical records. This heterogeneous data presenting us with challenges in data analytics and reusability that is by nature has high complexity, thereby necessitating novel ways to store, manage and process, and reuse big data. This presents an urgent need to develop new, scalable, and expandable AI infrastructure and analytical methods that can enable healthcare providers to access knowledge for individual patients, yielding better decisions and outcomes. In this review article, we briefly discuss the nature of data in breast cancer study and the role of AI for generating “smart data” which offer actionable information that supports the better decision for personalized medicine for individual patients. In our view, the biggest challenge is to create a system that makes data robust and smart for healthcare providers and patients that can lead to more effective clinical decision-making, improved health outcomes, and ultimately, managing the healthcare outcomes and costs. We highlight some of the challenges in using breast cancer data and propose the need for an AI-driven environment to address them. We illustrate our vision with practical use cases and discuss a path for empowering the study of breast cancer databases with the application of AI and future directions.
Sample return of primitive matter from the outer Solar System
Authors: Vernazza P. , Beck P. , Ruesch O. , Bischoff A. , Bonal L. , Brennecka G. , Brunetto R. , Busemann H. , Carter J. , Carli C. , Cartier C. , Ciarniello M. , Debaille V. , Delsanti A. , D’Hendecourt L. , Füri E. , Groussin O. , Guilbert-Lepoutre A. , Helbert J. , Hoppe P. , Jehin E. , Jorda L. , King A. , Kleine T. , Lamy P. , Lasue J. , Le Guillou C. , Leroux H. , Leya I. , Magna T. , Marrocchi Y. , Morlok A. , Mousis O. , Palomba E. , Piani L. , Quirico E. , Remusat L. , Roskosz M. , Rubin M. , Russell S. , Schönbächler M. , Thomas N. , Villeneuve J. , Vinogradoff V. , Wurz P. , Zanda B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe last thirty years of cosmochemistry and planetary science have shown that one major Solar System reservoir is vastly undersampled in the available suite of extra-terrestrial materials, namely small bodies that formed in the outer Solar System (>10 AU). Because various dynamical evolutionary processes have modified their initial orbits (e.g., giant planet migration, resonances), these objects can be found today across the entire Solar System as P/D near-Earth and main-belt asteroids, Jupiter and Neptune Trojans, comets, Centaurs, and small (diameter < 200 km) trans-Neptunian objects. This reservoir is of tremendous interest, as it is recognized as the least processed since the dawn of the Solar System and thus the closest to the starting materials from which the Solar System formed. Some of the next major breakthroughs in planetary science will come from studying outer Solar System samples (volatiles and refractory constituents) in the laboratory. Yet, this can only be achieved by an L-class mission that directly collects and returns to Earth materials from this reservoir. It is thus not surprising that two White Papers advocating a sample return mission of a primitive Solar System small body (ideally a comet) were submitted to ESA in response to its Voyage 2050 call for ideas for future L-class missions in the 2035-2050 time frame. One of these two White Papers is presented in this article.
UAS Safety Operation – Legal Issues on Reporting UAS Incidents
Authors: Konert Anna , Kasprzyk Piotr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction. This paper examines regulations which govern procedures for reporting incidents other than accidents or serious incidents related to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations. The regulations are discussed in the context of available data and the paper included an analysis of them from both a European and national perspective. The goal of the paper is to provide a series of recommendations with regard to the procedures for reporting and analyzing UAS incidents in order to improve the safe integration of unmanned and manned aviation. This article also explores the legal consequences that arise from the midair collision between a UAS and a manned aircraft. Material and methods: The method of study comprises a content analysis of existing legislations. The current doctrine was confronted with existing regulations, documents and materials. Results: The results of the study show that there is a practical problem of objectively identifying operators of a UAS as well as in defining what exactly constitutes an “incident”. It can be reasonably concluded that reporting and analyzing UAS-related incidents allows for the assessment and development of strategies for integrating manned and unmanned aviation. It is worth mentioning that drones and UAS technology requires refinement, especially in technological terms. It is reasonable to take action aimed at raising awareness amongst UAS users of the need to report incidents, as well as engaging UAS users in the investigative process which follows such occurrences.
Cardiac aorta-derived extracellular matrix scaffold enhances critical mediators of angiogenesis in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction mice
Authors: Hosseinabadi Mahara , Abdolmaleki Zohreh , Beheshtiha Seyed Hamed Shirazi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn incapability to improve lost cardiac muscle caused by acute ischemic injury remains the most important deficiency of current treatments to prevent heart failure. We investigated whether cardiomyocytes culturing on cardiac aorta-derived extracellular matrix scaffold has advantageous effects on cardiomyocytes survival and angiogenesis biomarkers’ expression. Ten male NMRI mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) control (healthy mice) and (2) myocardial infarction (MI)-induced model group (Isoproterenol/subcutaneously injection/single dose of 85 mg/kg). Two days after isoproterenol injection, all animals were sacrificed to isolate cardiomyocytes from myocardium tissues. The fresh thoracic aorta was obtained from male NMRI mice and decellularized using 4% sodium deoxycholate and 2000 kU DNase-I treatments. Control and MI-derived cardiomyocytes were seeded on decellularized cardiac aorta (DCA) considered three-dimensional (3D) cultures. To compare, the isolated cardiomyocytes from control and MI groups were also cultured as a two-dimensional (2D) culture system for 14 days. The cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The expression levels ofHif-1αandVEGFgenes and VEGFR1 protein were tested by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, the amount of VEGF protein was evaluated in the conditional media of the 2D and 3D systems. The oxidative stress was assessed via MDA assay.Hif-1αandVEGFgenes were downregulated in MI groups compared to controls. However, the resulting data showed that decellularized cardiac aorta matrices positively affect the expression ofHif-1αandVEGFgenes. The expression level of VEGFR1 protein was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) upregulated in both MI and healthy cell groups cultured on decellularized cardiac aorta matrices as a 3D system compared to the MI cell group cultured in the 2D systems. Furthermore, MDA concentration significantly decreased in 3D-cultured cells (MI and healthy cell groups) rather than the 2D-cultured MI group (p ≤ 0.015). The findings suggest that cardiac aorta-derived extracellular scaffold by preserving VEGF, improving the cell viability, and stimulating angiogenesis via upregulatingHif-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR1 in cardiomyocytes could be considered as a potential approach along with another therapeutic method to reduce the complications of myocardial infarction and control the progressive pathological conditions related to MI.
Contraction: A Unified Perspective of Correlation Decay and Zero-Freeness of 2-Spin Systems
Authors: Shao Shuai , Sun Yuxin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the connection between the correlation decay property (more precisely, strong spatial mixing) and the zero-freeness of the partition function of 2-spin systems on graphs of bounded degree. We show that for 2-spin systems on an entire family of graphs of a given bounded degree, the contraction property that ensures correlation decay exists for certain real parameters implies the zero-freeness of the partition function and the existence of correlation decay for some corresponding complex neighborhoods. Based on this connection, we are able to extend any real parameter of which the 2-spin system on graphs of bounded degree exhibits correlation decay to its complex neighborhood where the partition function is zero-free and correlation decay still exists. We give new zero-free regions in which the edge interaction parameters and the uniform external field are all complex-valued, and we show the existence of correlation decay for such complex regions. As a consequence, we obtain approximation algorithms for computing the partition function of 2-spin systems on graphs of bounded degree for these complex parameter settings.
Combining sense of place theory with the ecosystem services concept: empirical insights and reflections from a participatory mapping study
Authors: Gottwald Sarah , Albert Christian , Fagerholm Nora 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Context
River landscapes represent hotspots for biodiversity and ecosystem services used and embraced by human agents. Changes in river landscapes are subjectively perceived by people and can be assessed through the lenses of cultural ecosystem services (CES) and sense of place (SOP).

Objectives
This study aims to assess people–place relationships in a river landscape by integrating SOP theory and the CES concept and critically reflecting on their interplay. Research objectives relate to meanings and attachments attributed by citizens to places and the influence of the physical environment and socioeconomic settings.

Methods
We employed a spatially meaningful place indicator in a public participation GIS survey, combining meanings elucidated through a free listing exercise and multiple-choice questions. Statistical analyses were employed to investigate relationships between meanings, place attachment, and environmental and social variables.

Results
The results showed that (1) place meaning assessments can complement place attachment data by enhancing the understanding of relationships to biophysical and socioeconomic variables, and (2) combinations of both assessment approaches for place meanings showed that CESs were reflected in many free listed meaning types, dominantly related to forms or practices, but neglect relational values, such as “Heimat” (i.e., in German expression of the long-standing connection to an area) or memories.

Conclusions
This paper explicates synergies between SOP theory and CES concept. CES research offers insights from spatial assessments, while SOP research provides theoretical depth regarding relational values linked to CES. This paper critically reflects the ostensible consent of understanding SOP as a CES and proposes considering SOP as an overarching theory for CES assessment.
Women in top echelon positions and their effects on sustainability: a review, synthesis and future research agenda
Authors: Bannò Mariasole , Filippi Emilia , Trento Sandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to review and systematize prior works that investigate how the presence of women in top echelon positions of firms affects sustainability and to create an agenda to guide future research in this promising area. In contrast to previous reviews, ours examines how women in top echelon positions affect sustainability by distinguishing both the position women held in the firm (i.e. Board of Directors—BoD, top management team, CEO and relevant committees) and the specific elements of sustainability (i.e. activity, performance, and disclosure). Our structured systematic review resulted in 187 publications retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus and revealed that the presence of women in top echelon positions is associated with greater engagement in social and environmental projects. Their presence also positively influences the environmental and social performance and increases the level, quality, and transparency of sustainability disclosure. Furthermore, the presence of women in top echelon positions and the implementation of sustainable activities improve both the firm financial performance and value. However, conflicting results have also emerged. On the basis of these findings, research gaps and future research agenda are identified and presented.
Modeling a Theoretical Construct on Pupils’ Difficulties in Problem Solving
Authors: Vázquez-Bernal Bartolomé , Jiménez-Pérez Roque 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work was the theoretical modeling of a construct based on teaching practice about the perception that pupils have of difficulties in problem solving (PS) in experimental sciences, specifically physics, to predict pupil performance in PS. The research was carried out with an incidental sample of second year of secondary education pupils, of 13 to 14 years in age. The pupils and their teachers were involved in a project in which PS, classroom inquiry, and Hooke’s law were considered to be central. The information collection instrument was a Likert type questionnaire to investigate the various difficulties perceived by the pupils (Knowledge, Trust, Path, Interest,…) in the problem-solving processes applying Hooke’s law. A theoretical model was estimated and not rejected that involved only one factor (a PS factor), with all of its variables strongly interrelated and a set of constraints represented by covariances between theoretical hidden variables. This model is a starting point from which to understand how pupils at this level perceive PS in experimental sciences.
The correspondence between Józef M. Bocheński (1902–1995) and Heinrich Scholz (1946–1954)
Authors: Besler Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs is well known, Heinrich Scholz and his academic society maintained good scientific contacts with Polish logicians before, during, and after the Second World War. My interest here is to examine the details of their collaboration by presenting Scholz’s unpublished correspondence with Fr. Józef M. Bocheński. The following topics are discussed here: Polish logicians who survived the war and their current place of work; reorganization of the scholarly environment, didactic activities, duties, scholarly trips; current research topics, prospects for post-war publications, and future publishing plans; information about Jan Łukasiewicz, Bolesław Sobociński, and Joachim Metallmann; personal matters.