bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hundert Jahre – Insulin bleibt aktuell und notwendig
Authors: Landgraf Rüdiger , Aberle Jens 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Behandlung des Typ-1-Diabetes ist die Therapie mit Insulin auch 100 Jahre nach seiner Entdeckung weiterhin eine lebensnotwendige Therapie. Der pharmakologische Fortschritt hat die Behandlung erheblich erleichtert und nähert sich der physiologischen Insulin-Sekretion zunehmend an. In der Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes hingegen ist die Insulin-Therapie bei den meisten Patienten zunächst nicht notwendig. Lebensstil-Interventionen und moderne Nicht-Insulin Antidiabetika können häufig zu einer lang andauernden Kontrolle der Erkrankung führen. Die Heterogenität des Typ-2-Diabetes führt jedoch dazu, dass einige Patienten früh von einer Insulin-Therapie profitieren. Auch beim Typ-2-Diabetes können moderne Insulin Präparate die Insulin-Behandlung deutlich erleichtern, auch in Kombination mit anderen Antidiabetika. Einleitung und Begleitung einer Insulin-Therapie gehören somit weiterhin zu den Kernaufgaben der Diabetologie.
Incidence, Clinicopathological Profile and Location - Based Outcome of Intracranial Meningiomas: 10-Year Institutional Study with Review of Literature
Authors: Ganai Feroze , Tanki Humam Nisar , Sherwani Afaq , Altaf Kirmani , Chisti Nazish , Ramzan Altaf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intracranial meningiomas are the most common extra-axial tumors, representing 15% of all brain tumors. Arising from the arachnoid cells, and common in middle-aged women, 90% meningiomas are benign. We conducted a 10-year study on 183 cases of intracranial meningiomas and observed a lower and decreasing trend; the mean age was 43.3 years but there was also a significant incidence in young females. Parasagittal/falx (29%), sphenoid ridge, convexity meningiomas and middle cranial fossa locations were more common. Histopathologically, meningothelial meningioma was the most common. Benign (WHO I) tumors were found in above 90%, atypical (WHO II) in 5% cases, and malignant (WHO III) in < 4% patients. Most patients underwent Simpsons Grade I excision (35.6%) with dural reconstruction because of late presentations. Posterior fossa meningiomas were mostly benign, while intraventricular ones were mostly malignant with highest postoperation mortality. Mortality in operated patients was 9.8% but was highest in anterior fossa tumors (12.5%).
The Need for Personalized Risk-Stratified Approaches to Treatment for Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cooray Shamil D. , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Soldatos Georgia , Thangaratinam Shakila , Teede Helena J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the prevailing one-size-fits-all approach that treats all women with GDM as having equivalent risk needs revision, given the clinical heterogeneity of GDM, the limitations of a population-based approach to risk, and the need to move beyond a glucocentric focus to address other intersecting risk factors. To address these challenges, we propose using a clinical prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes to guide risk-stratified approaches to treatment tailored to the individual needs of women with GDM. This will allow preventative and therapeutic interventions to be delivered to those who will maximally benefit, sparing expense, and harm for those at a lower risk.
Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis in Breast Cancer Treatment-Related Lymphedema: A Short-Term Clinicopathological Analysis from Indonesia
Authors: Brahma Bayu , Putri Rizky Ifandriani , Reuwpassa Jauhari Oka , Tuti Yustia , Alifian Muhammad Farid , Sofyan Rian Fabian , Iskandar Iskandar , Yamamoto Takumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground Locally advanced breast cancer is commonly found in Indonesia. In this group of patients, aggressive treatment such as axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND) with or without regional nodal irradiation (RNI) will increase the risk of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) in our patients. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) has been established as a minimally invasive approach in lymphedema surgery. In this study, we report our first experience of LVAs in BCRL patients.Methods This was a cross-sectional study taken from breast cancer patients receiving ALND with or without RNI. From December 2018 until June 2020, we collected and described general patient information, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods, and the outcome of LVA. Postoperative subjective symptoms scores (lymphedema quality-of-life score [LeQOLiS]) and lymphedematous volume (upper extremity lymphedema [UEL] index) were compared with preoperative ones.Results Seventy patients experienced BCRL with the mean age of 54.8 (9.4) years and mean body mass index of 28.1 (4.5). ALND was performed in 66 (97.1%) cases and RNI was given in 58 (82.9%) patients. Thirty-one (44.3%) patients were in the International Society of Lymphology stage 1, 24 (34.3%) in stage 2A, and 15 (21.4%) in stage 2B. The mean lymphatic vessel diameter was 0.5 (0.26) mm and 0.80 (0.54) mm for the vein. Lymphosclerosis severity was 7 (4%) in S0 type, 129 (74.1%) in S1 type, 37 (21.3%) in S2 type, and 1 (0.6%) in S3 type. In histopathology examination, S1 types were in lower grade injury, while S2 and S3 types were in the higher grade. Seven (53.8%) cases of S2 type showed severe fibrosis from trichrome staining. Postoperative LeQOLiSs were significantly lower than preoperative ones (5.6 ± 2.4 vs. 3.7 ± 2.6; p = 0.000). With the mean follow-up of 7.4 (3.7) months, the overall UEL index reduction was 9.2%; mean –11 (16.8). Postoperative UEL index was significantly lower than preoperative ones (117.7 ± 26.5 vs. 106.9 ± 18.5; p = 0.000). No complications were observed during this period.Conclusion LVA reduced the subjective symptoms and UEL index in BCRL cases. Future studies using updated imaging technologies of the lymphatic system and longer follow-up time are needed to confirm our results.
Use of Novel Decellularized Cadaveric Dermis (DCELL) in Single-Stage Resection and Reconstruction of Nonmelanomatous Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck
Authors: Mantelakis Angelos , Kostantinos Argiris , D'Souza Alwyn , Joshi Anil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReconstructive options in nonmelanomatous skin tumors of the head and neck region are limited in the frail, elderly patient group, where split skin thickness or full thickness grafts may not be a viable option. This study examines the use decellularized cadaveric dermis (DCELL), an acellular dermis product produced in the United Kingdom for the reconstruction of these skin defects. This was a single-center, prospective study of patients undergoing single stage wide local excision of nonmelanomatous skin cancer and reconstruction with decellularized dermis. Our inclusion criteria included any patient that required a curative excision but had risk factors where conventional local flap or free tissue transfer could have a potential adverse outcome. Thirty-seven wounds were treated with DCELL in 31 patients. Mean age was 81.6 years (range 61–94 years) and at the time of operation, 25 patients (80.7%) were ASA 3 or above. The scalp was the most common anatomical area operated on (n = 28, 75.7%). The overall proportion of wounds with complete closure was 89.2% (33 out of 37 wounds), with a failure rate of 10.8% (four complete graft failures). Device-related complications included one episode of crusting over the graft which resolved with topical antibiotics, and a hypertrophic scar over the wound edges. Cosmesis was satisfactory in all cases. DCELL demonstrated a very good take rate with equally satisfactory cosmetic outcomes in patients where standard reconstructive approaches may have adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to better define its role in the management of these skin cancers.
Non-Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Midface Augmentation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trinh Lily N. , Gupta Amar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has been an increasing role in the use of injectable fillers for rejuvenation of the aging face. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the existing literature related to soft tissue fillers of the midface. Specifically, we focus on the non-hyaluronic acid fillers including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and autologous fat. A systematic review was conducted in November 2020 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with PubMed and Embase databases. Medical Subject Headings terms used were “cheek” OR “midface” OR “malar” and “filler” OR “poly-L-lactic acid” OR “calcium hydroxyapatite,” “autologous fat” OR “polymethylmethacrylate” OR “Artefill” OR “Bellafill” OR “Radiesse” OR “Sculptra.” The initial search identified 271 articles. After 145 duplicates were removed, 126 studies were screened for relevance by title and abstract. A total of 114 studies were eliminated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve articles underwent full-text review. Seven articles were included in the final analysis consisting of four non-hyaluronic filler products: PMMA, PLLA, CaHA, autologous fat. Most patients were highly satisfied with their results. Due to the gradual volumizing effects of PMMA, PLLA, and CaHA, patient satisfaction generally improved over time. Minor adverse reactions related to treatment included bruising, swelling, and pain. Nodule formation was reported in PLLA and CaHA studies. For autologous fat, 32% of the original injection volume remained at 16 months post-treatment, which still provided clinically improved malar enhancement. Dermal fillers are an attractive treatment option for the aging face due to their high patient satisfaction, long-lasting effects, and low side-effect profile. Patients should be appropriately counseled on the delayed effects of non-HA fillers. Autologous fat is a good option in many patients with the major drawback of unpredictable longevity, which may require a secondary procedure. Future studies should examine the longevity and long-term side effects of these fillers.
Targeting tumor-derived NLRP3 reduces melanoma progression by limiting MDSCs expansion
Authors: Tengesdal Isak W. , Menon Dinoop R. , Osborne Douglas G. , Neff Charles P. , Powers Nicholas E. , Gamboni Fabia , Mauro Adolfo G. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Stefanoni Davide , Henen Morkos A. , Mills Taylor S. , De Graaf Dennis M. , Azam Tania , Vogeli Beat , Palmer Brent E. , Pietras Eric M. , DeGregori James , Tan Aik-Choon , Joosten Leo A. B. , Fujita Mayumi , Dinarello Charles A. , Marchetti Carlo 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an intracellular complex that regulates maturation and release of interleukin (IL)-1β, is active in biopsies of metastatic melanoma. Here, we demonstrate that NLRP3 activation in melanoma cells drives tumor progression in mice. Subsequent to NLRP3 activation in melanoma cells, IL-1β induces melanoma-associated inflammation, resulting in immunosuppression. Oral administration of a single NLRP3 inhibitor (OLT1177) reduces melanoma growth and melanoma-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion. Inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling in combination with anti–PD-1 revealed augmented efficacy compared to monotherapy. These data propose that NLRP3 is a therapeutic target for human melanoma.
Stunted upward mobility in a learning environment reduces the academic benefits of growth mindsets
Authors: Jia Lile , Lim Chun Hui , Ismail Ismaharif , Tan Yia Chin 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Recent debates about the failure of the education system in uplifting the disadvantaged have focused on the implications for social justice and stability. Learners’ psychology is understudied. How may a low-mobility learning environment, which signals a reduced potential for disadvantaged learners to achieve success, impact individuals’ recruitment of adaptive psychological processes? In both naturally existing and experimentally constructed contexts, we observe that low-mobility environments, as compared to high-mobility ones, are associated with reduced potency of the otherwise highly beneficial growth mindsets—the beliefs that one’s abilities and talents can be developed. Our study shows that stunted upward mobility in a learning environment incurs costs to individuals’ active learning and development.
Human arrival and landscape dynamics in the northern Bahamas
Authors: Fall Patricia L. , van Hengstum Peter J. , Lavold-Foote Lisa , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Albury Nancy A. , Tamalavage Anne E. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The oral history for Amerindian migration through The Bahamas was lost after Columbus’s arrival in 1492 CE and Lucayan enslavement in the early sixteenth century. The Lucayans encountered unique prehuman reptile-dominated terrestrial food webs (i.e., tortoise and crocodile), with palm and hardwood forests that were resilient to regional oceanographic cooling and hurricane perturbations. New evidence indicates that Lucayans arrived in the northern Bahamas by about 830 CE after expanding rapidly throughout The Bahamas in less than 100 y. Following subsequent burning, reptiles were extirpated, and pyrogenic pine forests took over Great Abaco Island. Compounded perturbations, including forecasts of future hurricane intensification, may continue to alter Bahamian ecosystems, particularly pine forests, which are less resilient than precontact tropical hardwood ecosystems.
Genome-wide shifts in climate-related variation underpin responses to selective breeding in a widespread conifer
Authors: MacLachlan Ian R. , McDonald Tegan K. , Lind Brandon M. , Rieseberg Loren H. , Yeaman Sam , Aitken Sally N. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Temperate trees originating from warmer localities usually grow faster and acclimate to winter later than trees of the same species from colder localities. However, when trees are selected for faster growth, are climatically adaptive genes and traits affected? Our research demonstrates a simple, sensitive, broadly applicable, and elusive approach to integrating complex polygenic variation into applied environmental management. We show that selective breeding increases allele frequencies of many trait-associated genes, and that alleles that increase most display strong genetic linkage and potential trade-offs among traits. Increasing tree growth while maintaining adaptation is essential to reforestation in a changing climate, but this may be challenging because trait-associated genetic variation that underpins climate adaptation is responsive to selection for tree growth.
Bilingual reference production
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo , Bongartz Christiane , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate reference production in bilingual children. Based on Kibrik (2011), we analyze the production of referring expressions in discourse in terms of activation of a
referent. We propose a novel approach, which calculates activation by taking into account different activation-lending factors
and their respective weight. This allows us to compare the activation encoded by referring expressions across languages and
groups of speakers, and to run correlational analyses with the speakers’ cognitive profiles. In particular, the study
addresses the correlation between activation and lexical processing among bilinguals, based on the distribution of referring
expressions in narratives by 20 German-Greek bilingual children, compared to their monolingual peers. We found that bilingual
pronouns correspond to a lower activation than monolingual ones. Speed of lexical retrieval is a predictor of the bilingual
performance. Our model of analysis accounts for how reference production varies across individuals and which cognitive
mechanisms underlie this variation.
Efficiency in shaping grammars
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Wu Yicheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHawkins (1994,1999,2004,2014a) proposes a performance-grammar correspondence hypothesis, claiming that grammars can be shaped by processing systems with reference to the degree of preference in communication. Given that Hawkins’s proposal mainly highlights the role of efficiency in language comprehension, this paper demonstrates that parsing principles can also be employed to account for language production. Based on an analysis of the production mechanism behind multiple occurrences of the Chinese reflexiveziji‘self’ in a single clause, it shows that the notion of intersubjectivity can sometimes play a significant role in sentence planning, in the sense that the Chinese reflexive assists speakers to produce an utterance in line with the principle of efficiency, which will in turn help hearers compute the intended meaning by identifying potential referents.
Design and manufacture of a micro-tensile testing machine for in situ optical observation and DIC analysis: application to 3D-printed and compression-molded ABS
Authors: Nazari-Onlaghi Sina , Sadeghi Alireza , Karimpour Morad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel micro-tensile testing apparatus is designed and built to characterize the micromechanical behavior of materials. Furthermore, a special geometry for micro specimens is introduced that could facilitate problems related to the handling, gripping, and aligning such specimens. The device can be integrated with an optical microscope to observe the microstructural evolution taking place during deformation. Using the developed system, the micromechanical response of additively-printed and compression-molded ABS was determined. 3D-printed specimens demonstrated higher mechanical properties over the compression-molded specimens. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was also applied to the optical images taken during deformation to measure the strain field in a micron-sized area of interest. DIC results revealed a more intense strain localization for the 3D-printed specimen compared to the monolithic sample. Comparing stress–strain curves and DIC results indicate that the apparatus and technique were quite successful in the in situ characterization of mechanical response.
Verification of a calibration method for 3D screw thread metrology
Authors: Przyklenk A , Schädel S , Stein M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The novel approach for holistic screw thread calibrations developed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt was published in 2019. A significant achievement has been made in order to meet increasing demands in manufacturing processes and quality assurance, particularly when workpieces with complex geometries are under inspection. This article deals with the verification of the previously presented three-dimensional calibration procedure for screw threads. Screw thread pitch diameters, the lead and flank angles are compared to those determined by the standardized method based on line-like, rather two-dimensional measurements and evaluation. In order to provide a reliable basis for the verification, one thread gauge was calibrated under laboratory conditions for precision metrology. Additionally, calibrations were conducted by three alternating operators on three different coordinate measuring machines to investigate the influence by user and machine. The resulting normalized errors

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of screw thread determinants under test and reference values are significantly smaller than 0.5 which indicates a high level of agreement.
Vortex particles in axially symmetric fields and applications of the quantum Busch theorem
Authors: Karlovets Dmitry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The possibilities to accelerate vortex electrons with orbital angular momentum (OAM) to relativistic energies and to produce vortex ions, protons, and other charged particles crucially depend on whether the OAM is conserved during the acceleration and on how phase space of the wave packet evolves. We show that both the OAM and a mean emittance of the packet, the latter obeying the Schrödinger uncertainty relation, are conserved in axially symmetric fields of electric and magnetic lenses, typical for accelerators and electron microscopes, as well as in Penning traps. Moreover, a linear approximation of weakly inhomogeneous fields works much better for single packets than for classical beams. We analyze quantum dynamics of the packet’s rms radius ⟨ρ
2⟩, relate this dynamics to a generalized form of the van Cittert–Zernike theorem, applicable at arbitrary distances from a source and for non-Gaussian packets, and adapt the Courant–Snyder formalism to describe the evolution of the packet’s phase space. The vortex beams can therefore be accelerated, focused, steered, trapped, and even stored in azimuthally symmetric fields and traps, somewhat analogously to the classical angular-momentum-dominated beams. We also give a quantum version of the Busch theorem, which states how one can produce vortex electrons with a magnetized cathode during either field- or photoemission, as well as vortex ions and protons by using a magnetized stripping foil employed to change a charge state of ions. Spatial coherence of the packets plays a crucial role in these applications and we provide the necessary estimates for particles of different masses.
A comprehensive analysis of the impact of head model extent on electric field predictions in transcranial current stimulation
Authors: Callejón-Leblic M A , Miranda Pedro C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. MRI-based head models are used to predict the electric field (E-field) in the brain in transcranial current stimulation. The standard field of view of clinical MRI often only covers the head down to the skull base, which has usually lead to models truncated at the level of the nose. Although recent pipelines can artificially extend the head model to the neck, the need for implementing full head models preserving skull holes such as the foramen magnum remains controversial. The objective of this work is to analyse the impact of head model extent on E-field accuracy, with emphasis on specific electrode montages. Approach. A full head model containing an open foramen magnum and a cut head model with closed skull were compared in terms of predicted E-field. Several electrode montages, including fronto-occipital montages recently used in validation studies, were simulated. Local and global metrics were used to evaluate the error for both E-field magnitude and distribution, along with tangential and normal components over different cortical areas. The percentage of current flowing through the lower head was also computed. Results. Regarding E-field magnitude, small relative differences (RDs) below 7% were found in grey matter for classical montages. Although considerably higher RDs near 50% were found for fronto-occipital montages, absolute errors of 0.1 V m−1 were only found in non-targeted regions such as the cerebellum. Differences in tangential and normal E-fields were similar and followed the same trend observed for E-field magnitude. Our results also showed a high correlation between the percentage of current shunted through the lower head and the absolute E-field differences. Significance. The influence of head model extent on E-field accuracy depends on electrode montage. Standard cut head models provide sufficiently accurate predictions for both E-field magnitude and distribution in targeted brain areas. However, fronto-occipital montages exhibited larger errors, which might be considered in further validation studies.