bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotypic analysis on circulating T cells for early diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Lee Sung-Woo , Kim Young Ju , Rho Kyung Na , Jeong Saei , Noh Jeong Eun , Kim Hee-Ok , Cho Hyun-Ju , Yun Ju Sik , Oh In-Jae , Cho Jae-Ho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe immune system continuously interacts with tumors, possibly leading to systemic alterations in circulating immune cells. However, the potential of these cancer-associated changes for diagnostic purposes remains poorly explored. To investigate this, we conducted a comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of 452 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 206 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 100 small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, 94 healthy individuals, and 52 benign lung disease (BLD) patients. We focused specifically on circulating T cells, given their close interaction with tumors, and initially assessed 93 T-cell features from the flow cytometric analysis. Using a feature selection protocol, we identified five T-cell features in peripheral blood with strong diagnostic relevance. Notably, while individual alterations in these features lacked cancer specificity, simultaneous alterations were uniquely indicative of lung cancer. To comprehensively analyze these features, we developed a scoring model, “IMmunoPhenotypic Analysis for Cancer deTection (IMPACT).” Comprehensive analysis using the five features (IMPACT-5) demonstrated high cancer specificity and biomarker efficacy, as evidenced by the high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for lung cancer patients (0.9187, 0.9277, and 0.9363 for stage I NSCLC, stage IV NSCLC, and SCLC patients, respectively), in stark contrast to BLD patients (0.5212). These findings suggest that comprehensive analysis of cancer-associated changes in circulating T cells can effectively detect lung cancer from its early stages, proposing immunophenotypic analysis of circulating T cells as an innovative liquid biopsy-based diagnostic biomarker.
Evolution characteristic of soil water in loess slopes with different slope angles
Authors: Bao Han , Lann Tongsan , Ao Xinlin , Yang Liya , Lan Hengxing , Peng Jianbing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In the Loess Plateau region, significant engineering activities have led to many exposed loess slopes. These slopes have undergone a series of shallow failures under rainfall, significantly affecting their stability. Vegetation can somewhat restore the ecological damage to the slope surfaces and enhance their stability. Thus, studying the spatiotemporal evolution of soil moisture migration under vegetation protection on loess slopes is crucial.

Methods
Employing experimental designs with slope gradients of 45° and 60°, this investigation is structured around a trio of core objectives: to delineate the processes of rainfall infiltration and its redistribution within the slope, to chart the evolution of soil water within the loess soil matrix, and to discern the impacts of slope inclination on soil water dynamics. Critical to this study are the monitoring of volumetric moisture content, matric suction, and the external variables of rainfall and temperature, alongside an analysis of soil water potential and moisture movement as observed in laboratory setups and simulated through Hydrus-2D.

Results
The study revealed that slope angle significantly affects soil moisture infiltration and redistribution. The steeper slope (60°) exhibited more pronounced fluctuations in soil water potential, particularly during the rainy season, reflecting the dynamic nature of water movement. This slope also demonstrated sharper transitions in soil moisture during drying periods, indicating a greater sensitivity to weather changes. Water movement parallel to the slope surface was faster on steeper slopes, especially under drying conditions, with more pronounced lateral downslope flow at the surface layer. In contrast, the gentler slope (45°) showed more consistent moisture retention during wet periods, with slower and more uniform soil moisture movement, leading to a steadier moisture gradient and prolonged upslope movement. Vegetation plays a crucial role in modulating soil moisture dynamics, with grass growth being more effective on the steeper 60° slope. The extensive root network on this slope enhanced water retention, increased soil permeability, and reduced erosion. During the drying phase, deeper root systems significantly reduced volumetric water content at shallower depths, promoting higher moisture content in the middle sections of the slope.
Anesthetic management using desflurane and nitrous oxide in a child with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: a case report
Authors: Mashima Akifumi , Furutani Kenta , Baba Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the glycine cleavage system, leading to elevated glycine levels in the central nervous system. NKH manifests in various forms, with the neonatal type being the most severe and often associated with high mortality and significant neurological impairment. This case report highlights the successful uses of desflurane and nitrous oxide for anesthetic management in a patient with NKH.

Case presentation
A 6-year-old girl with severe NKH, who had a history of delayed emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia, underwent tracheostomy for recurrent upper airway obstruction and severe obstructive sleep apnea. To address the previous issues with sevoflurane, general anesthesia was induced with propofol and fentanyl and maintained with 4% desflurane and 60% nitrous oxide. The electroencephalogram (EEG) showed near-complete suppression upon induction, which gradually resolved. Following cessation of desflurane and nitrous oxide, the patient exhibited early recovery, with eyes opening 3 min later and spontaneous breathing restored 19 min later. The patient experienced no postoperative complications and was discharged on the 14th postoperative day.

Conclusion
This case suggests that desflurane, with its favorable pharmacological profile, may offer a superior alternative to sevoflurane for anesthetic management in NKH patients, particularly those with a history of delayed emergence. The observed EEG suppression may indicate heightened sensitivity to anesthetics in NKH, highlighting the need for tailored anesthetic strategies in this population.
Immune deficiency phenotypes of Il2rg, Rag2 or Il2rg/Rag2 double knockout rats; establishment of human leukemia xenograft models
Authors: Kim Joo-Il , Lim Hyun-Jin , Kwon Euna , Mashimo Tomoji , Kang Byeong-Cheol 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Genetically immunodeficient mice lacking Il2rg and Rag2 genes have been widely utilized in the field of biomedical research. However, immunodeficient rats, which offer the advantage of larger size, have not been as extensively used to date. Recently, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system, targeting Il2rg and Rag2 in National BioResource Project in Japan. We imported and investigated more detailed phenotypes of wild-type (WT) Il2rg knockout (KO), Rag2 KO and Il2rg/Rag2 KO rats for 20 weeks.

Results
During experiments, Il2rg KO, Rag2 KO and Il2rg/Rag2 KO rats showed decreased white blood cells and systemic lymphopenia, with reduced CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD161+ NK cells. Additionally, all KO strains exhibited reduced relative spleen weights, hypoplasia of the germinal center in the white pulp, and atrophy with the disappearance of the boundary between the cortex and medulla in the thymus, compared to WT rats. Furthermore, we established human acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft rat model by intravenously injecting 5.0 × 106 cells/kg of NALM6 cells into Il2rg/Rag2 KO rats.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that Il2rg KO, Rag2 KO, and Il2rg/Rag2 KO rats exhibited SCID phenotypes, suggesting their potential application as immunodeficient animal models for tumor xenograft studies.
The relationship between dimensions of corporate social responsibility and consumer’s buying intentions in a cross-cultural context
Authors: Subhani Inayat ul Haq , Fan Jun , Asdullah Muhammad Ashar , Watto Waqas Ahmad , Nigar Fareeha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the cross-cultural relationships of corporate social responsibility (CSR) factors, culture dimensions, and consumer’s buying intentions in China and Pakistan. Moreover, this study also reveals the moderating effect of national culture values on these relationships. Data from 239 respondents from each sample group were collected through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The results from the Chinese sample group showed that ethical CSR and philanthropic CSR has a significant impact on buying intention, while economic CSR and legal CSR have an insignificant impact on buying intention. Moreover, data from Pakistan found that legal, ethical and philanthropic CSR have a significant impact, while economic CSR has an insignificant impact on buying intentions of consumers. Significant moderation impact of national cultural values is observed on the relationship of economic CSR and buying intention, however, the insignificant impact of national culture values proved on the relationship of legal, ethical, and philanthropic CSR and buying intention. This study provides substantial insights for the industry that strong improvement and appropriate communication of philanthropic and ethical CSR stimulates the consumers’ motivation to alter their buying intentions and help them to retain loyalty.
The effect of Hydrogen-rich „Truskavetska” bottled water on the swimming stress test in female rats
Authors: Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: December 2024

Background and aim. Despite the use of drinking hydrogen rich water both in clinical and sports medicine, further research into the mechanisms of its beneficial effect remains relevant. We found that both Naftussya bioactive water per se and combined balneotherapy have an ambiguous effect on physical performance. It was also found that the preventive use of “Truskavetska” bottled water, the chemical composition of which is somewhat similar to that of Naftussya bioactive water, has both similar and different effects on the post-stress parameters of rats. We set ourselves the goal of finding out the possibility of correcting the effect of "Truskavetska" bottled water on the post-stressor state of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, as well as the endurance of rats by enriching it with hydrogen.
Material and methods. The experiment is at 26 female Wistar rats purposefully divided into three homogeneous (according to the swimming test and HRV parameters) groups. 5 animals remained intact with free access to regular daily water. Rats of the control group (n=4) for 7 days loaded through a tube with “Truskavetska” bottled table water (2 mL once), while the animals of main group (n=17) received the same water, but enriched with Hydrogen. After completing the preconditioning course, a repeated swimming stress test was performed. The next day after stressing, a number of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism were recorded.
Results. Hydrogen rich water (HRW) minimizes the post-stressor increase in sympathetic tone and adrenal mass, and prevents the increase in catecholamines and corticosterone as well as plasma cells in the blood and rod-shaped neutrophils in the spleen. On the other hand, HRW prevents a post-stressor decrease in the intensity of macrophage phagocytosis and the bactericidal capacity of blood microphages, the content of lymphoblasts in the thymus, the activity of both antioxidant enzymes and vagal tone, and also minimizes the decrease in the content of eosinophils in the blood, non-alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum, and the mass of the spleen, in addition, the reduced content of plasma cells in the spleen reverses to an excess. Finally, the non-stress-responsive parameters of the control animals: the activity of AlT, CPhK, AsT and diene conjugates of the serum, the content of reticulocytes and Hassal’s bodies in the thymus - under the influence of HRW increase to one degree or another. Importantly, this also applies to the duration of swimming until exhaustion. A strong canonical correlation was found between the activity of antioxidant enzymes, on the one hand, and metabolic-endocrine (R=0.959) and immune (R=0.959) sets, on the other hand.
Conclusion. Enrichment of "Truskavetska" bottled table water with hydrogen generally has a favorable effect on its stress-limiting and actotropic capacity, associated with antioxidant activity.
Laissez-Faire vs. Government Intervention: Implications of Regulation Preventing Nonauthorized Remanufacturing
Authors: Esenduran Gökçe , Jin Minyue , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: In this paper, we compare laissez-faire and mandatory authorization policy regimes for third-party remanufacturing. Under a laissez-faire policy, an independent remanufacturer (IR) chooses whether to get the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) authorization. Under a mandatory authorization policy, the IR is required to get OEM authorization and to pay the OEM a fee for every item remanufactured. Motivated by China’s regulatory journey that first mandated authorized remanufacturing and then moved to a laissez-faire policy, our goal is to understand which policy is better from the perspectives of different stakeholders. Methodology/results: We use a game-theoretic approach and consider a supply chain consisting of a supplier, an OEM, and an IR under the two policy regimes. Conventional wisdom suggests that the IR would be better off under the laissez-faire policy, but the OEM and the supplier would be better off under the mandatory authorization policy. However, we show that this conventional wisdom may not hold. For products with a low remanufacturing cost, all firms benefit from the mandatory authorization policy, whereas for products with a moderately high remanufacturing cost, all firms are better off under the laissez-faire policy. Further, mandatory authorization may outperform the laissez-faire policy in both economic and environmental dimensions. Managerial implications: Our findings reveal that seemingly advantageous policy regimes may backfire for firms. Therefore, before supporting such policies, the firms need to assess the strategic reactions of other firms and the potential impacts on their profits. Furthermore, a mandatory authorization policy can be beneficial in fostering the development of the remanufacturing sector for products with low remanufacturing costs. Nevertheless, it may also lead to an increase in the total environmental impact. Funding: The work of M. Jin was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72071020 and 72471038]. The work of Y. Zhou was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971033 and 72371040] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 2024CDJSKPT14]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0128 .
Ten-year trends in clinical characteristics and outcome of children hospitalized with severe wasting or nutritional edema in Malawi (2011–2021): Declining admissions but worsened clinical profiles
Authors: Chisala Mphatso Nancy , Bourdon Celine , Chimwezi Emmanuel , Daniel Allison I. , Makwinja Chikondi , Wang Dominic , Weise Linnea , Potani Isabel , Mbale Emmie , Bandsma Robert J. H. , Voskuijl Wieger P. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) constitutes a substantial burden in African hospitals. Despite adhering to international guidelines, high inpatient mortality rates persist and the underlying contributing factors remain poorly understood.

Objective
We evaluated the 10-year trend (2011–2021) in clinical factors and outcomes among children with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema at Malawi’s largest nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU).

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed trends in presentation and outcomes using generalized additive models. The association between clinical characteristics and mortality or readmission was examined and key features were also related to time to either mortality or discharge.

Results
1497 children (53%, females) were included. Median age at admission (23 months, IQR 14, 34) or anthropometry (i.e., weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height) did not change over the 10-years. But the prevalence of edema decreased by 40% whereas dehydration, difficulty breathing, and pallor became more common. Yearly HIV testing increased but positive-detection remained around 11%. Reporting of complete vaccination dropped by 49%, and no reduction in ‘watch’ antibiotic usage was detected. Overall admissions declined but mortality remained around 23% [95%CI; 21, 25], and deaths occurred earlier (5.6 days [95%CI; 4.6, 6.9] in 2011 vs. 3.5 days [95%CI; 2.5, 4.7] in 2021; p<0.001). Duration of hospitalization was shortened and readmissions surged from 4.9% [95%CI; 3.3, 7.4] in 2011 to 25% [95%CI; 18, 33] in 2021 (p<0.001). Age, wasting, having both dehydration and diarrhea, or having vomiting, cough, or difficulty breathing were associated with mortality but these associations did not show any interaction over time.

Conclusion
Over 10 years, mortality risk remained high among hospitalized children with SAM and coincided with worsened clinical presentation at admission and increased readmission. Longitudinal data from major NRUs can identify shifts in clinical profiles or outcomes, and this information can be leveraged to promote earlier care-seeking, improved risk stratification, and implementation of more patient-centered treatments.
Correlation between individual thigh muscle volume and grip strength in relation to sarcopenia with automated muscle segmentation
Authors: Kim Hyeon Su , Kim Shinjune , Kim Hyunbin , Cha Yonghan , Kim Jung-Taek , Kim Jin-Woo , Ha Yong-Chan , Yoo Jun-Il 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Grip strength serves as a significant marker for diagnosing and assessing sarcopenia, particularly in elderly populations. The study aims to explore the relationship between individual thigh muscle volumes and grip strength, leveraging advanced AI-based UNETR segmentation techniques for accurate muscle volume assessment.

Methods
The study included 49 participants from a cohort of 478 patients diagnosed with hip fractures at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. We recorded Grip strength and height and utilized UNETR-based segmentation techniques on CT scans, to calculate individual thigh muscle volumes. Point-biserial correlation was employed to explore the relationship between sarcopenia and thigh muscle volumes. The research also included a quantile analysis of grip strength.

Results
Our findings revealed a strong statistical significance in specific thigh muscles like Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, and Vastus intermedius, particularly in males, in relation to sarcopenia. The male cohort displayed a trend where higher thigh muscle volumes correlated with better grip strengths. Meanwhile no such relationship was found within the female group.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that stronger grip strength correlates with larger thigh muscles in males but not in females, with specific muscles like the Rectus femoris and Vastus lateralis linked to sarcopenia in men only. The study’s small sample size calls for further research with more diverse and gender-balanced groups to verify these results.
Association between food insecurity and overweight: Protocol for a systematic review based on intersectionality of gender and race/color
Authors: Brito Renatha Celiana da Silva , Palmeira Poliana de Araújo , Laurentino Jackson Silva Lima , Silva Rônisson Thomas de Oliveira , Santos Ana Beatriz Macêdo Venâncio dos , Oliveira Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa 
Published: December 2024

Food insecurity violates the right to regular access to quality food, affecting population groups unequally. In Brazil, FI is associated with both malnutrition and increased obesity and is intertwined with racial and gender inequalities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and social exclusion. This protocol aims to select observational studies that evaluate the association between food insecurity and overweight and their intersectional discussions (gender and race/color). The PRISMA checklist guidelines will be applied, and the PROSPERO platform will be used for registration. Searched in the Virtual Health Library (Lilacs-BVS), Medline PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase Elsevier databases. The stages of article selection and information extraction will be carried out by independent researchers who will identify articles that meet the established inclusion criteria, removing duplicate publications and excluding those that do not meet the requirements. The quality of eligible articles will be assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool For Quantitative Studies (QATFQS), which is recommended for observational studies. This study is not needed for ethical approval, as it is a systematic review based on secondary data. They will disseminate their conclusions from the original articles.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023427239.
The impact of Cochrane Reviews that apply network meta-analysis in clinical guidelines: A systematic review
Authors: Donegan Sarah , Connor James , Alfirevic Zarko , Tudur-Smith Catrin 
Published: December 2024

Background
Systematic reviews, such as those prepared by Cochrane, are the strongest evidence on which to base recommendations in clinical guidelines. Network meta-analysis (NMA) can be used to combine the results of studies to compare multiple treatments, which is advantageous over pair-wise meta-analysis (PW-MA) that compares two treatments. We aimed to summarise which, when, where, who, and why Cochrane Reviews that applied NMA were cited in guidelines; and to compare the citation of NMA reviews in guidelines with PW-MA reviews.

Methods and findings
We carried out a systematic review of Cochrane reviews that applied NMA and we summarised their citation in guidelines. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched (15th January 2024). Additionally, a cohort of Cochrane reviews that applied PW-MA was matched to the NMA reviews. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data. We summarised review and guideline characteristics, and the use of the review in guidelines.

Results
Of the 60 included NMA reviews, 26 reviews (43%) were cited in 89 guidelines (1–13 per review). 15 NMA reviews (58%) were first cited within two years of publication, with the remaining 11 reviews (42%) cited 2–6 years later. 52 guideline developers authored the guidelines. The number of citations was higher for NMA than PW-MA reviews (rate ratio 1.53 (1.08 to 2.19), p = 0.02). The number of times reviews were commissioned or cited alongside a recommendation was also higher for NMA than PW-MA reviews (rate ratio 4.40 (1.80 to 13.14), p = 0.003). NMA reviews were more likely to be cited in the text surrounding a recommendation or used for NICE guideline development (1.94 (1.08 to 3.63), p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Cochrane NMA reviews appear to have more impact than PW-MA reviews, but many are not cited in guidelines. Further work is needed to explore the barriers to use of NMAs and promote their use.