bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformations of a piezo‐actuated bearing ring in journal bearings
Authors: Bitner Alexander , Seemann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn elastically deformable bearing ring is investigated. The piezo‐actuated shaping of the elastic bearing ring as well as the journal motion are coupled and determine the height of the lubrication gap which takes a crucial part in the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication. The influence of the active‐dynamic shaping of the bearing ring on the rotor dynamic behaviour has been investigated in [1], especially for a two‐lobe journal bearing. The present investigations are aiming at the active‐static shaping of a bearing ring, i.e. a finite number of piezo actuators is used to cause deformations of the bearing ring. Moreover, the realisation of different shapes by the introduced piezo actuators is examined, whereas the desired shapes are not necessarily limited to two‐lobe geometries.
Greedy algorithms for image approximation from scattered Radon data
Authors: Albrecht Kristof , Iske Armin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPositive definite kernels are powerful tools for multivariate approximation from scattered data. This contribution discusses kernel‐based image approximation from scattered Radon data. To this end, we use weighted kernels for the reconstruction. Moreover, we propose greedy algorithms, which are used to adaptively select suitable approximation spaces. This reduces the complexity of the resulting image reconstruction method and, moreover, it improves the numerical stability quite significantly.
Data‐Driven Stress Prediction for Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Pi Savall Berta , Mielke André , Ricken Tim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study applies two different machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the stress‐strain mapping for the non‐linear behaviour of thermoplastic materials: a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm and a Feed‐Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The approach of this work requires the generation of the stress‐strain curve for specific material parameters. The training data are obtained from the von Mises material law and the Ramberg‐Osgood equation. The four combinations of ML algorithms with constitutive laws are evaluated and show a good agreement with numerical data.
Action Principle and Ritz Method for Yarn Dynamics in Ring Spinning
Authors: Lenz Michael , Beitelschmidt Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRing spinning is the most relevant method of producing high quality staple yarns. The rotating yarn forms one or multiple balloon shapes governed by inertial, eyelet friction and drag forces. Traditionally, the stationary yarn path has been computed by direct integration of an equation of motion, and stability and natural oscillations have been assessed by application of Galerkin's method to these ([1], [4], and others). Recent technological advances by using frictionless superconducting magnetic bearings allow for increased process speeds and thus motivate a renewed interest in the dynamics of ring spinning.An integral formulation of the yarn dynamics problem is presented using Hamilton's principle for the one‐dimensional continuum and the magnetic bearing. While therefrom the known equations of motions can be deduced elegantly, here Ritz's method is employed to achieve direct discretization of the problem, with cases to be made for both local and global shape functions.While applicable to the classical study of stationary balloon shapes and their stability, the resulting models in particular enable the study of the instationary yarn path and natural and driven yarn oscillations, which both have received limited attention in literature, but are known to affect yarn tension and thus the process viability.
On Adaptive Patankar Runge–Kutta methods
Authors: Kopecz Stefan , Meister Andreas , Podhaisky Helmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe apply Patankar Runge–Kutta methods to y′ = M(y)y and focus on the case where M(y) is a graph Laplacian as the resulting scheme will preserve positivity and total mass. The second order Patankar Heun method is tested using four test problems (stiff and non‐stiff) cast into this form. The local error is estimated and the step size is chosen adaptively. Concerning accuracy and efficiency, the results are comparable to those obtained with a traditional L‐stable, second order Rosenbrock method.
A non‐incremental solution procedure for elastoplastic problems in structural mechanics
Authors: Bamer Franz , Shirafkan Nima , Cao Xiaodan , Oueslati Abdelbacet , Stoffel Marcus , De Saxcé Géry , Markert Bernd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we present a non‐incremental solution procedure for the efficient treatment of elastoplastic problems. To this end, all time history data are decoupled into space and time, and the solution is obtained using the fixed‐point algorithm.
Gaussian approximation for rooted edges in a random minimal directed spanning tree
Authors: Bhattacharjee Chinmoy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the total ‐powered length of the rooted edges in a random minimal directed spanning tree — first introduced in Bhatt and Roy (2004) — on a Poisson process with intensity on the unit cube for . While a Dickman limit was proved in Penrose and Wade (2004) in the case of , in dimensions three and higher, Bai, Lee and Penrose (2006) showed a Gaussian central limit theorem when , with a rate of convergence of the order . In this article, we extend these results and prove a central limit theorem in any dimension for any . Moreover, making use of recent results in Stein's method for region‐stabilizing functionals, we provide presumably optimal non‐asymptotic bounds of the order on the Wasserstein and the Kolmogorov distances between the distribution of the total ‐powered length of rooted edges, suitably normalized, and that of a standard Gaussian random variable.
Advances in Structural Modification and Pharmacological Activity of Catalpol and its Derivatives
Authors: Liu Shuanglin , Kong Yuanfang , Cai Juntao , Dong Chunhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCatalpol and its derivatives were found in a variety of Chinese medicinal plants and possess various biological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti‐tumor and hypoglycemic and so on. The extensive pharmacological activities of catalpol have been attracted much attention to researchers, but the clinical applications are limited by poor lipid solubility, low bioavailability and short half‐life, so pharmacologists have made various structural modifications to catalpol, such as increasing lipid solubility to enhance its biological activities in the hope that it can be widely used in clinical applications. In this paper, using “Catalpol” and “Catalpol derivatives” as the keywords, more than 200 articles from 1965 to 2021 were obtained from databases, such as CNKI, PubMed, Scifinder and so on. Finally, 93 articles were selected to systematically analyze the structure and efficacy of catalpol and its derivatives according to pharmacological activity, which will provide ideas for the development of new catalpol drugs in the future.
Graphene Oxide (GO) as Sustainable Heterogeneous Carbocatalyst for Synthesis of Organic Carbamates Using Urea and Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Siddiqui Masoom Raza , Seikh Asiful H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 2‐Dimensional sp2‐hybridised carbon based material graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and characterized by various instrumental techniques viz. FTIR, PXRD, Raman, FESEM and HRTEM. The metal free environmentally benign carbocatalyst was fruitfully used as catalyst for the synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols in presence of non hazardous cheap carbonyl source urea. Both aromatic (bezylic as well as phenolic) and aliphatic alcohols produced moderate to very high yield (53–95 %) of corresponding carbamates through this catalytic reaction. The used GO catalyst is very straightforward to recover from reaction mixture via centrifugation method. The heterogeneous and reusability nature of the catalyst exists several cycles of catalytic reaction. We check six cycles of the catalytic reaction and the activity of the catalyst after 6th cycle does not alter very significantly.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective o‐Bromination of Mesoionic 1,3‐Diphenyltetrazolium‐5‐olate: Switching the Directing Group from Nitrogen to Oxygen
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Watanabe Harue , Harada Yuki , Kurabayashi Hideaki , Yukinobu  , Yamashita  , Oizumi Shiyogo , Araki Shuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPd‐catalyzed bromination of mesoionic 1,3‐diphenyltetrazolium‐5‐olate (1) was developed. In the presence of palladium acetate (5 mol%), N‐bromosuccinimide (110 mol%), and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (50 mol%) in 1,2‐dichloroethane under reflux, olate 1 underwent bromination to give 1‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐3‐phenyltetrazolium‐5‐olate in a moderate yield as the major product, indicating that the 4‐nitrogen atom acts as a directing group rather than the negatively charged oxygen atom. The X‐ray‐suitable crystals of the corresponding palladacycle were isolated from 1‐mesityl‐3‐phentytetrazolium‐5‐olate and fully characterized. When both the o‐positions of the 3‐phenyl group were occupied by bromine atoms, o‐bromination then occurred at the 1‐phenyl group with the aid of the olate oxygen.
Elucidating the resistance repertoire, biofilm production, and phylogenetic characteristics of multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli isolated from community ponds: A study from West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debaraj , Banerjee Jaydeep , Habib Md , Thapa Geetanjali , Samanta Indranil , Nanda Pramod Kumar , Dutt Triveni , Sarkar Keka , Bandyopadhyay Samiran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study details about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in the fresh community pond water (n = 257) collected from three districts of West Bengal, India. In total, 57 isolates were MDR of which 38 emerged as extended spectrum and 7 as AmpC‐type β‐lactamase producers in phenotypic assay. Among β‐lactamase genes, blaCTXM‐1was predominant (87.71%) followed by blaAmpC (77.2%) and blaTEM‐1 (22.8%). Six MDR strains carried metallo‐β‐lactamase (MBL, blaNDM‐1) gene. Tissue culture plate assay confirmed strong biofilm (SP) production in four MDR and one non‐MDR isolates. In PCR‐based replicon typing (PBRT), multiple plasmids of diverse replicon types (Frep, FIB, I1, FIA, K/B, HI1, and Y) were identified. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC‐PCR)‐based phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic divergence among the MDR isolates. Multiplex PCR‐based phylogrouping categorized 11 isolates as virulent (B2/D/F), which carried blaCTXM‐1 gene and three had blaNDM‐1 gene. Relative transcriptional activity of AcrAB efflux pump was significantly elevated among the SP and MBL producers. The presence of MDR E. coli isolates, particularly those resistant to carbapenem, in pond water used for daily domestic and household work, is a cause of concern as these pathogens may sneak into human food chain causing life‐threatening infections.Practitioner Points
Multidrug‐resistant biofilm producing E. coli isolated from community pond water.
A few of them were carbapenem‐resistant and belonged to virulent (B2/D) types.
Expression of AcrAB efflux pumps was found significantly elevated among biofilm producers and carbapenem‐resistant population.
Dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by lesser black-backed gulls and white storks within and between inland habitats
Authors: Martín-Vélez Víctor , Sánchez Marta I. , Lovas-Kiss Ádam , Hortas Francisco , Green Andy J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWaterbirds can transport aquatic invertebrates internally, contributing to metapopulation dynamics between aquatic habitats in a terrestrial matrix. However, research into this dispersal process to date has focused on individual field sites or laboratory studies. We investigated the invertebrates dispersed by endozoochory by the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus wintering in Andalusia, south-west Spain in 2016–2017, comparing seven sites interconnected by their movements, with different degrees of anthropogenization [three landfills, two saltpan complexes, a natural lake, and a large (370 km2) ricefield area]. In the ricefields, we also compared invertebrates dispersed by gulls with those dispersed by the larger white stork Ciconia ciconia. A total of 642 intact invertebrates and their propagules (mainly plumatellid bryozoans, cladocerans, and other branchiopods) were recorded in excreta (faeces and pellets) from gulls and storks. A greater diversity and abundance of invertebrates were recorded in ricefields, notably 43 individuals of the alien snail Physella acuta. One snail was still alive in a gull pellet 3 weeks after being stored in a fridge. This represents the first record of snail dispersal within waterbird pellets. Viability was also confirmed for the cladoceran Macrothrix rosea recorded in ricefields, and the alien brine shrimp Artemia franciscana recorded mainly in saltpans. In ricefields, gulls and pellets had significantly fewer propagules and fewer taxa per gram of excreta than storks and faeces, respectively. Through their high mobility, gulls and storks can disperse invertebrates between different natural and artificial habitats, and even to landfills. They can promote metapopulation dynamics for native bryozoans and branchiopods, but also the spread of invasive snails and brine shrimp.
Optimization of an autonomous robotic drilling system for the machining of aluminum aerospace alloys
Authors: Pereira Benjamin , Griffiths Christian Andrew , Birch Benjamin , Rees Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to identify the capability of a highly flexible industrial robot modified with a high-speed machine spindle for drilling of aluminum 6061-T6. With a focus on drilling feed rate, spindle speed, and pecking cycle, the hole surface roughness and exit burr heights were investigated using the Taguchi design methodology. A state of the art condition monitoring system was used to identify the vibrations experienced during drilling operation and to establish which robot pose had increased stiffness, and thus the optimum workspace for drilling. When benchmarked against a CNC machine the results show that the CNC was capable of producing the best surface finish and the lowest burr heights. However, the robot system matched and outperformed the CNC in several experiments and there is much scope for further optimization of the process. By identifying the optimum pose for drilling together with the idealized settings, the proposed drilling system is shown to be far more flexible than a CNC milling machine and when considering the optimized drilling of aerospace aluminum this robotic solution has the potential to drastically improve productivity.
Rickets guidance: part I—diagnostic workup
Authors: Haffner Dieter , Leifheit-Nestler Maren , Grund Andrea , Schnabel Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRickets is a disease of the growing child arising from alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis resulting in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. Its symptoms depend on the patients’ age, duration of disease, and underlying disorder. Common features include thickened wrists and ankles due to widened metaphyses, growth failure, bone pain, muscle weakness, waddling gait, and leg bowing. Affected infants often show delayed closure of the fontanelles, frontal bossing, and craniotabes. The diagnosis of rickets is based on the presence of these typical clinical symptoms and radiological findings on X-rays of the wrist or knee, showing metaphyseal fraying and widening of growth plates, in conjunction with elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase. Nutritional rickets due to vitamin D deficiency and/or dietary calcium deficiency is the most common cause of rickets. Currently, more than 20 acquired or hereditary causes of rickets are known. The latter are due to mutations in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism or action, renal phosphate reabsorption, or synthesis, or degradation of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). There is a substantial overlap in the clinical features between the various entities, requiring a thorough workup using biochemical analyses and, if necessary, genetic tests. Part I of this review focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical findings of rickets followed by the presentation of a diagnostic approach for correct diagnosis. Part II focuses on the management of rickets, including new therapeutic approaches based on recent clinical practice guidelines.
Influence of cold atmospheric plasma on dental implant materials — an in vitro analysis
Authors: Wagner Gunar , Eggers Benedikt , Duddeck Dirk , Kramer Franz-Josef , Bourauel Christoph , Jepsen Søren , Deschner James , Nokhbehsaim Marjan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
Alterations in the microenvironment of implant surfaces could influence the cellular crosstalk and adhesion patterns of dental implant materials. Cold plasma has been described to have an influence on cells, tissues, and biomaterials. Hence, the mechanisms of osseointegration may be altered by non-thermal plasma treatment depending on different chemical compositions and surface coatings of the biomaterial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment on implant surfaces and its biological and physicochemical side effects.

Materials and methods
Dental implant discs from titanium and zirconia with different surface modifications were treated with CAP at various durations. Cell behavior and adhesion patterns of human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) and osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) were examined using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Surface chemical characterization was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Quantitative analysis of cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation was conducted including real-time PCR.

Results
CAP did not affect the elemental composition of different dental implant materials. Additionally, markers for cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and cell adhesion were differently regulated depending on the application time of CAP treatment in MG-63 cells and gingival fibroblasts.

Conclusions
CAP application is beneficial for dental implant materials to allow for faster proliferation and adhesion of cells from the surrounding tissue on both titanium and zirconia implant surfaces with different surface properties.

Clinical relevance
The healing capacity provided through CAP treatment could enhance osseointegration of dental implants and has the potential to serve as an effective treatment option in periimplantitis therapy.
On density of compactly supported smooth functions in fractional Sobolev spaces
Authors: Dyda Bartłomiej , Kijaczko Michał 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe some sufficient conditions, under which smooth and compactly supported functions are or are not dense in the fractional Sobolev space $$W^{s,p}(\Omega )$$

W

s
,
p

(
Ω
)

for an open, bounded set $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{d}$$

Ω
⊂

R

d

. The density property is closely related to the lower and upper Assouad codimension of the boundary of $$\Omega$$
Ω
. We also describe explicitly the closure of $$C_{c}^{\infty }(\Omega )$$

C

c

∞

(
Ω
)

in $$W^{s,p}(\Omega )$$

W

s
,
p

(
Ω
)

under some mild assumptions about the geometry of $$\Omega$$
Ω
. Finally, we prove a variant of a fractional order Hardy inequality.
Introducing the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Can We Learn from Oral PrEP?
Authors: Bhavaraju Neeraja , Shears Kathleen , Schwartz Katie , Mullick Saiqa , Jeckonia Patriciah , Murungu Joseph , Persaud Udita , Vij Ashley , Torjesen Kristine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of review
Clinical trials have found that the dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) is safe to use and effective at reducing women’s risk of acquiring HIV infection. As countries prepare for the introduction of this novel long-acting, woman-controlled prevention method, an examination of key learnings from oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery will help programs leverage successful innovations and approaches to support DVR scale-up and expand the method mix for HIV prevention.

Recent findings
Intensive efforts over the past 5 years have yielded lessons on how to facilitate access to oral PrEP; expand service delivery for PrEP; address the knowledge, attitudes, and skills providers need to support PrEP initiation and effective use; develop messaging that builds community and partner support and combats stigma; and understand the cyclical nature of PrEP use.

Summary
Evidence from oral PrEP introduction and scale-up can help inform and expedite DVR introduction.
Truncated Local Uniformization of Formal Integrable Differential Forms
Authors: Cano F. , Fernández-Duque M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence of Local Uniformization for rational codimension one foliations along rational rank one valuations, in any ambient dimension. This result is consequence of the Truncated Local Uniformization of integrable formal differential 1-forms, that we also state and prove in the paper. Thanks to the truncated approach, we perform a classical inductive procedure, based both in the control of the Newton Polygon and in the possibility of avoiding accumulations of values, given by the existence of suitable Tschirnhausen transformations.