bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment by Vitamin D Reversed the Adverse Effects of Hypothyroidism on Learning and Memory in Juvenile Rats: Protection Against Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Brain Tissue Oxidative Damage.
Authors: Rastegar-Moghaddam Hamid , Alipour Fatemeh , Rajabian Arezoo , Hosseini Mahmoud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Apart from a role as a key regulator of calcium/phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D (Vit D) is suggested to be a potential player in nervous system growth and function. This study aimed to assess the impacts of Vit D administration against memory impairment, oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) overactivity caused by hypothyroidism in juvenile rats. The animals were randomly grouped as: 1) Control; 2) Hypothyroid; 3) Hypothyroid-Vit D 100 and 4) Hypothyroid-Vit D 500. Propylthiouracil (PTU) was added to their drinking water (0.05%) for 6 weeks and Vit D (100 or 500 IU/kg) treatment was daily performed by gavage. Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were performed. The brains were removed under deep anesthesia, then the hippocampal and cortical tissues were separated to assess biochemical parameters. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with learning and memory impairment in MWM and PA tests. Hypothyroidism also elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while it reduced thiol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain. Treatment with Vit D recovered hypothyroidism-induced cognitive impairment and improved memory performance in MWM and PA tasks. On the other hand, Vit D alleviated AChE activity and MDA level, whereas increased SOD activity and thiol content in the hippocampal and cortical tissues. In conclusion, these outcomes suggest that oral consumption of Vit D may play a protective role against memory dysfunction caused by hypothyroidism by inhibiting AChE activity and oxidative stress in the brain.
Density Functional Theory Study of CL-20/Nitroimidazoles Energetic Cocrystal Compounds in an External Electric Field
Authors: Xu xiaosong , Zhang Renfa , Xia Wenxin , Ma Peng , Ma Congming , Pan Yong , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The external electric field has a significant influence on the sensitivity of the energetic cocrystal materials. In order to find out the relationship between the external electric field and sensitivity of energetic cocrystal compounds 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/1,4-dinitroimidazole (CL-20/1,4-DNI), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole (CL-20/2,4-MDNI) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/1-methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazole (CL-20/4,5-MDNI). In this work, density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP-D3/6-311+G(d,p) and M062X-D3/ma-def2 TZVPP levels was employed to calculate the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of selected N-NO2 trigger bonds, frontier molecular orbitals, electrostatic potentials (ESPs) and nitro group charges (QNO2) under different external electric field. The results show that as the positive electric field intensity increases, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap and BDEs become smaller, and the local positive ESPs becomes larger, so that the energetic cocrystals tends to have higher sensitivity. In addition, the linear fitting results show that the trigger bond length and nitro group charge changes are closely related to the external electric field strength.
High Density Polyethylenes Bearing Isolated In-Chain Carbonyls
Authors: NOZAKI Kyoko , Tang Shan , Seidel Falk William 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Polyethylene materials are highly important polymers which are produced in the largest volume among all plastics. Due to the chemical inert property of saturated carbon-carbon bonds, the degradation of polyethylene is extremely challenging, which prevents them from efficient chemical recycling. Installing functional groups in the main chain of polyethylenes may facilitate the degradation and following chemical recycling of polyethylene materials. Here we report a highly selective approach for the synthesis of high-density polyethylenes bearing isolated in-chain carbonyls. Linear high-molecular weight polyethylene chains are synthesized via the palladium catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with metal carbonyls. Different from traditional ethylene/CO copolymerization reactions, excellent non-alternating selectivity has been achieved. While the properties of polyethylene have been retained in the copolymer, faster degradation compared with that of polyethylene was observed upon UV light irradiation. The synthesized materials may therefore serve as more environmentally friendly alternative plastics than traditional polyethylene materials.
The Effects of Landscape Structure and Stand-Scale Factors on Dendroctonus Valens Damage Under Disturbance Conditions in North China
Authors: Zhan Zhongyi , Wang Lixia , Yu Linfeng , Ren Lili , Liu Yizhou , Luo Youqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

In recent years, the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens, RTB), an invasive pest species has spread northward along the distribution of pine forests, forming a potential threat to healthy pine forests in North China. Previous studies have shown that natural (e.g., fire) and human (e.g., felling) disturbances can significantly promote bark beetle damage. However, few studies have considered the effect of multi-scale factors on bark beetle damage under disturbance conditions. Here, we investigated RTB damage (entrance holes) in 98 forest stands with and without disturbance (fire or stolen felling) in the Heilihe National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia, which is considered to be in the early stage of RTB outbreak. We assessed the effects of forest landscape structure (forest proportion and host connectivity) and stand-scale characteristics on RTB damage under different disturbance conditions (presence or absence). In addition, we also explored the effects of fire and stolen felling disturbance on RTB damage and the significant differences between them.
Result

Disturbance (i.e., fire and stolen felling) could significantly promote the occurrence of RTB and there was no significant difference between the two types of disturbance. In the absence of disturbance, small stand-scale factors (i.e., aspect and canopy cover) played important roles in the prediction of RTB damage. In the presence of disturbance, forest proportion within a radius of 250 m was the main factor affecting RTB invasion. Higher forest coverage could reduce the migration of RTB from the surrounding environment to the disturbance area, thus reducing RTB damage. In addition, we observed a positive relationship between elevation and RTB invasion.
Conclusion

Landscape structure and stand-scale factors had different effects on RTB invasion under different disturbance conditions. This study not only provides new insights into understanding the roles played by multi-scale factors in RTB damage but also assists in the implementation of pest management programs.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Feasibility of Surgery and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients Over 80 Years Old
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Jiang Yujuan , Wang Meng , Ru Guodong , Pei Wei , Liang Jianwei , Zhou Zhixiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of radical surgery and explore prognostic factors affecting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients over 80 years old.Methods From January 2010 to December 2020, a total of 372 elderly CRC patients who underwent curative resection at the National Cancer Center were enrolled and classified into a control group (BMI <24 kg/m2) and an overweight group (BMI ≥24 kg/m2). Preoperative clinical features, perioperative outcomes and postoperative pathological characteristics were collected and compared between the two groups.Results The control group and overweight group comprised 219 and 153 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of operative time (153.0 vs 142.3 min, P=0.226), intraoperative bleeding (67.8 vs 69.3 ml, P=0.873) or other surgical outcomes or grade 3-4 postoperative complications (11.1% vs 14.6%, P=0.326). The 5-year CCS of patients in the overweight group was significantly worse than that of the control group (63.3% vs 80.0%, P=0.046). The multivariate analysis showed that CCS was significantly affected by BMI (HR: 2.30; 95% CI, 1.27-4.17; P=0.046) and N stage (HR: 2.97; 95% CI, 1.48-5.97; P=0.002)Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that radical resection for CRC is safe and feasible for patients over 80 years of age. The increase in BMI does not increase the difficulty of surgery or postoperative complications. BMI and N stage were independent prognostic factors for elderly CRC patients after radical resection.
Deep Sequencing of Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) Lung Small RNAs Reveals Differential Expression of microRNAs between Non-infected and BCG-Infected Lungs
Authors: jing Xiaoqi , Jiang Biqiong , Cheng Long , Li Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a major public health burden worldwide. It has been well documented that a group of small noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development and pathogenesis many diseases, including the TB. Guinea pigs are considered as one of the best animal models for biomedical research in TB, the potential roles of miRNAs in the innate immune regulation of guinea pig lung against Mtb infection are not well understood. Methods: In this study, we investigated the differential expression of miRNA profiles between the un-infected lungs and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected lungs of guinea pigs via deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 2508 miRNAs were identified, among them 1187 were conserved miRNAs and 56 were novel miRNAs in the uninfected lungs, and 1202 were identified as conserved miRNAs and 63 were novel miRNAs in the BCG-infected lungs. Interestingly, comparison analysis further identified 902 co-expressed miRNAs and 585 distinct miRNAs between these two groups. Of the 15 most abundantly conserved miRNAs in guinea pig lungs, which belong to 7 miRNA families, including miR23, miR29, miR145, miR320, miR378, miR451, and miR423. 13 of these 15 most abundant miRNAs were significantly downregulated and 2 of them were significantly upregulated in the BCG-infected lungs. Individually, miRNA Let-7f-5p, let-7f, let-7-5p and let-7b-5p were the most abundant in both profiles of the non-infected and BCG-infected guinea pig lungs. The predicted target genes of specific miRNAs found in guinea pig lungs were involved in regulation signaling pathways related to immune responses, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling, as well as related to autophagy signaling mTOR and apoptotic molecule p53. Conclusions: These data of comprehensive analysis of miRNA transcriptome demonstrated the differential expression profiles of miRNAs during M. tuberculosis infection of guinea pig lungs. These results could facilitate the future exploitation of the roles of miRNAs in regulation of immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection using the guinea pig model.
Modeling Reference Evapotranspiration in a Semiarid Area Using Data-driven Techniques: A Case Study in Lower Cheliff plain, Algeria
Authors: ACHITE Mohammed , Sattari Muhammad Taghi , Toubal Abderrezak Kamel , Wałęga Andrzej , Krakauer Nir , Sihag Parveen , Pham Quoc Bao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrologic cycle, especially when it comes to irrigated agriculture. For the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), direct methods either pose difficulties or call for many inputs that may not always be available from weather stations. This study compares Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) approachs for the estimation of daily ET0 in a weather station in Lower Cheliff plain (northwest Algeria), over a 6-year period (2006–2011). Firstly, measured air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and global radiation was used to calculate ET0 using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation as the reference. Then, the calculated ET0 using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith was considered as output for data driven models, while the measured meteorological data were considered as input of the models. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (EF) were used to evaluate the developed models. The results of the developed models were compared with the Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration using these performance criteria. The FFNN model proved to yield the best performance compared to all the developed data-driven models, while the RBF-NN and GEP models also demonstrated potential for good performance.
Satellite Cells and Neuromuscular Spindles in Long Term Denervated Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Shinohara André Luis , Melo Carina , Ahmed Farooque , Sangalette Beatriz , Shindo João Vitor , Toledo Gustavo , bighetti Claudia , matsumoto Mariza , Buchaim Rogério , Andreo Jesus Carlos , Rodrigues Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Satellite cells (SC) are quiescent cell located between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of the skeletal muscle fibers. The SC can get activated contributing to regeneration and/or growth of muscle. The neuromuscular spindles are mechanoreceptors located within the skeletal muscle and are considered as contractile regulatory unit. It is composed of intrafusal muscle fibers (IF), surrounded by a sheath and is parallel to extrafusal fibers. Denervation cause changes in skeletal muscles both in the SC and neuromuscular spindles. This study analyzed quantitatively the IF and SC in Wistar rats denervated for long period. The animals were divided into normal and denervated groups. The soleus and extensor longus digitorum longus were denervated experimentally during periods of 0, 12, 16, 19, 30 and 38 weeks. The percentage of SC immediately after denervation increases when compared to normal group and later decreases in both the groups. During the process of denervation, there was an increase in IF when compared with normal group. The percentage of SC reduces significantly between the periods of denervation in both the groups. The smaller percentage of SC corresponds to higher number of IF. Besides that the number of SC decreases after denervation. As for IF, with the increase in time in normal group, the number of fibers was unaltered. However, in the experimental group, with increase in the time of denervation, the percentage of SC decreases while there is increase in the number of IF significantly. In denervated muscles for long period, there is decrease in the percentage of SC and increase in IF. Our results suggest that the period between 16th and 19th week post denervation is the best time for reinnervation of denervated muscle.
Regularities of the Growth of Pedunculate Oak (QUERCUS ROBUR L., 1753) in the Protective Plantings of the Steppe and Forest-steppe of the Volga Upland
Authors: Proezdov Pyotr Nikolaevich , Еskov Dmitry Vladimirovich , Mashtakov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Avtonomov Alexei Nikolaevich , Rozanov Alexander Vladimirovich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to establish the regularities of the growth of pedunculate Oak in protective forest stands on erosion-prone slopes in the conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe of the Volga Upland. Studies have established a regular decrease in the height of the petiolate oak on the southern chernozem and gray forest soil by 6.9-11.3% with an increase in the slope of the slope by 2 times, which is associated with a drop in soil fertility as a result of increased erosion. The index of oak growth intensity with an increase in the slope slope increases on both types of soils by 21.4-38.5%, and the productivity of cambium decreases by 14.1-23.6%. The same trends in the dynamics of taxation indicators are characteristic of the accompanying species of petiolate oak-holly maple and small-leaved linden. The coefficients of determination of the relationship of growth in the height of the pedunculate oak from the indicator of growth intensity and productivity of cambium are 0.95-0.98, which indicates a close interdependence.
A Rarefaction-Without-Resampling Extension of PERMANOVA for Testing Presence-Absence Associations in The Microbiome
Authors: Hu Yi-Juan , Satten Glen A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background PERMANOVA [1] is currently the most commonly used method for testing community-level hypotheses about microbiome associations with covariates of interest. PERMANOVA can test for associations that result from changes in which taxa are present or absent by using the Jaccard or unweighted UniFrac distance. However, such presence-absence analyses face a unique challenge: confounding by library size (total sample read count), which occurs when library size is associated with covariates in the analysis. It is known that rarefaction (subsampling to a common library size) controls this bias, but at the potential costs of information loss and the introduction of a stochastic component into the analysis.Methods Here we develop a non-stochastic approach to PERMANOVA presence-absence analyses that aggregates information over all potential rarefaction replicates without actual resampling, when the Jaccard or unweighted UniFrac distance is used. We compare this new approach to three possible ways of aggregating PERMANOVA over multiple rarefactions obtained from resampling: averaging the distance matrix, averaging the (element-wise) squared distance matrix, and averaging the F-statistic.Results Our simulations indicate that our non-stochastic approach is robust to confounding by library size and outperforms each of the stochastic resampling approaches. We also show that, when overdispersion is low, averaging the (element-wise) squared distance outperforms averaging the unsquared distance, currently implemented in the R package vegan. We illustrate our methods using an analysis of data on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which samples from case participants have systematically smaller library sizes than samples from control participants.Conclusions Our extension of PERMANOVA for presence-absence analyses using a non-stochastic approach that aggregates information over all potential rarefaction replicates without actual resampling is robust to confounding by library size and outperforms stochastic resampling approaches.
The Temporal Dedifferentiation of Global Brain Signal Fluctuations During Human Brain Aging
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Ao Yujia , Yang Chengxiao , Kou Juan , Huang Lihui , Jing Xiujuan , Cui Qian , Cai Xueli , Chen Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The variation of brain organization as healthy aging has been discussed widely using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Previous conclusions may be misinterpreted without considering the effects of global signal (GS) on local activities and the variation of GS as age is still unknown. To fill this gap, we systematically examined the correlation between GS fluctuations and age. Correlations were evaluated between age and parameters of GS fluctuations including power at each frequency point, spectral centroids, and trends of power spectra. Data with hemodynamic response function (HRF) de-convolution and head motion parameter were further analyzed to test whether the age effect of GS fluctuations has neural origins. GS fluctuations varied as age in three ways. First, general GS power reductions were found in both time and frequency dimensions. Second, the GS power at lower frequencies transferring to higher frequencies was observed. Third, more evenly distributed power across frequencies was showed in aging brain. These trends were partly impacted by HRF de-convolution, but not by head motion. These results suggest that GS fluctuations are weaker and more evenly distributed across frequencies in elderly brain. It may indicate the temporal dedifferentiation hypothesis of brain aging from the global signal level.
Silver Nanoparticles Can Relieve Progressive Necrosis by Regulating Macrophage Activation in Burn Wounds
Authors: You Chuangang , Wang Shuangshuang , Li Qiong , Guo Songxue , Khan Abidullah , Han Chunmao , Wang Xingang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigat the positive influence of AgNP on preventing early burn-wound progression.Patients and methods: After a deep burn, progression of burns may occur in the initial or surrounding area，even after thermal factors have been removed. Due to the influence of many factors such as residual heat, the risk of burn stagnant area deterioration is very high which is considered to be salvable. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), which has been wide used in burns, is a strong antibacterial agent that has been reported to regulate inflammation. Hence, to investigat the positive influence of AgNP on avoid early burn wound progressive deterioration, a isomorphic “comb” burn animal model was made in this study which were treated with silver nanoparticles. The wound tissues were taken for molecular biological and histological evaluation, which revealed that AgNP alleviated histological deterioration in burn stagnant area. Results: Furthermore, AgNP can alleviate the early progressive necrosis and inflammatory response of burn wound, which was accociated with excitation in M2 macrophage and a suppression of M1 macrophage.Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrate that AgNP has a protective effect on acute burn wound deterioration in a rat model. It might be regulated by the macrophage activation-induced inﬂammation and apoptosis.
The Evolutions in Time of Probability Density Functions of Polydispersed Fuel Spray-The Continuous Mathematical
Authors: Hareli Shlomo , Nave OPhir , Gol'dshtein Vladimir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of the particle-size distribution of the polydispersed fuel spray are important for the evaluation of the combustion process. In this paper, we presented the particle-size distribution change in time which gives a new insight into the behavior of the droplets during the self-ignition process. Semenov was the first to shows that self-ignition in the homogeneous case can be qualitatively and even quantitatively described by simplified models \cite{first_Math_Semenov_1928}. A simplified model of the polydisperse spray is used for a study of combustion processes near the initial region. This model involves a time-dependent function of the particle-size distribution. Such simplified models are particularly helpful in understanding qualitatively the effect of various sub-processes. Our main results show that during the self-ignition process, the droplets' radii decrease as expected, and the number of smaller droplets increases in inverse proportion to the radius. An important novel result (visualized by graphs) demonstrates that the mean radius of the droplets, at first increases for a relatively short period of time, and that is then followed by the expected decrease. It means that the maximum of the mean radius is not located at the beginning of the process as expected. We only have a heuristic explanation of this phenomenon, but an analytic study is planned for the future. Our modified algorithm is superior to the well known `parcel' approach because it is much more compact, it permits an analytical study since the right-hand sides are smooth, and thus eliminates the need for a numerical algorithm transitioning from one parcel to another, The method explain herein can be applied to any approximation of the particle-size distribution, and it involves comparatively negligible computation time.