bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Produtividade de quiabeiro sob influência de diferentes doses de esterco bovino
Authors: Matos Sâmia dos Santos , Costa Romário Martins , Sousa Rayssa Carolinne Mouzinho de , Leite Marcos Renan Lima , Furtado Mariléia Barros , Farias Maryzélia Furtado de , Serrano Luisa Julieth Parra 
Published: February 2021

Uma das opções para os pequenos agricultores perante o aumento dos custos dos fertilizantes minerais e a crescente poluição ambiental é o uso dos adubos orgânicos, que vem se tornando uma saída economicamente atrativa, tornando útil o uso de estercos que normalmente eram descartados na propriedade, passando a fazer uso desse material com intuito de melhorar as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo e consequentemente aumentos nas taxas de produtividado. objetiva-se com a pesquisa avaliar diferentes doses de esterco bovino na produtividade da cultura do quiabeiro. Visto que o uso O experimento foi desenvolvido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais - CCAA, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão- UFMA, no município de Chapadinha- MA, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 t ha de esterco bovino e um tratamento com adubação mineral) com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações do número de frutos por planta, massa média dos frutos frescos, comprimento dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos, altura da planta e produtividade de frutos com a adubação mineral. A dosagem de 50 t ha-1 de esterco bovino proporcionou os melhores resultados na produtividade, responsável por 1,951 t ha-1 de frutos de quiabos. Nas condições edafoclimáticas do presente estudo a adubação de utilizando o esterco bovino proporciona bom incremento na produtividade do quiabeiro.
Higher bee abundance, but not pest abundance, in landscapes with more agriculture on a late-flowering legume crop in tropical smallholder farms
Authors: Vogel Cassandra , Chunga Timothy L. , Sun Xiaoxuan , Poveda Katja , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundLandscape composition is known to affect both beneficial insect and pest communities on crop fields. Landscape composition therefore can impact ecosystem (dis)services provided by insects to crops. Though landscape effects on ecosystem service providers have been studied in large-scale agriculture in temperate regions, there is a lack of representation of tropical smallholder agriculture within this field of study, especially in sub-Sahara Africa. Legume crops can provide important food security and soil improvement benefits to vulnerable agriculturalists. However, legumes are dependent on pollinating insects, particularly bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for production and are vulnerable to pests. We selected 10 pigeon pea (Fabaceae:Cajunus cajan(L.)) fields in Malawi with varying proportions of semi-natural habitat and agricultural area within a 1 km radius to study: (1) how the proportion of semi-natural habitat and agricultural area affects the abundance and richness of bees and abundance of florivorous blister beetles (Coleoptera:Melloidae), (2) if the proportion of flowers damaged and fruit set difference between open and bagged flowers are correlated with the proportion of semi-natural habitat or agricultural area and (3) if pigeon pea fruit set difference between open and bagged flowers in these landscapes was constrained by pest damage or improved by bee visitation.MethodsWe performed three, ten-minute, 15 m, transects per field to assess blister beetle abundance and bee abundance and richness. Bees were captured and identified to (morpho)species. We assessed the proportion of flowers damaged by beetles during the flowering period. We performed a pollinator and pest exclusion experiment on 15 plants per field to assess whether fruit set was pollinator limited or constrained by pests.ResultsIn our study, bee abundance was higher in areas with proportionally more agricultural area surrounding the fields. This effect was mostly driven by an increase in honeybees. Bee richness and beetle abundances were not affected by landscape characteristics, nor was flower damage or fruit set difference between bagged and open flowers. We did not observe a positive effect of bee density or richness, nor a negative effect of florivory, on fruit set difference.DiscussionIn our study area, pigeon pea flowers relatively late—well into the dry season. This could explain why we observe higher densities of bees in areas dominated by agriculture rather than in areas with more semi-natural habitat where resources for bees during this time of the year are scarce. Therefore, late flowering legumes may be an important food resource for bees during a period of scarcity in the seasonal tropics. The differences in patterns between our study and those conducted in temperate regions highlight the need for landscape-scale studies in areas outside the temperate region.
Coexistence of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Kyphosis and the Association With Increased Functional Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From a Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Taniguchi Masashi , Ikezoe Tome , Masaki Mitsuhiro , Kamitani Tsukasa , Tsuboyama Tadao , Ito Hiromu , Matsuda Shuichi , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Ichihashi Noriaki ,   Nagahama Study Group
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the association of low back pain (LBP) and lumbar kyphosis with functional disabilities and knee symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe analyzed 586 participants (80.1% female; mean ± SD age 68.8 ± 5.2 years) from the Nagahama Study who were age ≥60 years and had radiographically confirmed knee OA. The Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS) was used to assess functional disabilities and knee symptoms. LBP was defined as the presence of any persistent back pain for more than 3 months. Lumbar kyphosis was determined by skin‐surface methods using a computer‐aided electronic device called the Spinal Mouse. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for assessing the association of LBP and lumbar kyphosis with the KSS scores. Subgroup analyses based on sex were also performed.ResultsLBP and lumbar kyphosis were independently associated with a lower KSS function score after adjustment for covariates (mean difference −4.96 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –7.56, –2.36] points for LBP alone, mean difference –4.47 [95% CI –8.51, –0.43] points for lumbar kyphosis alone, and mean difference –13.86 [95% CI –18.86, –8.86] points for the coexistence of LBP and lumbar kyphosis, respectively). The coexistence of LBP and lumbar kyphosis in women was associated with a lower KSS symptom score (mean difference –4.49 [95% CI –6.42, –2.55] points).ConclusionThese findings suggest that both LBP and lumbar kyphosis are useful clinical signals indicating functional disability and knee symptoms in patients with knee OA.
Modular Construction of Prussian Blue Analog and TiO2 Dual‐Compartment Janus Nanoreactor for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Chunjing , Ye Sheng , Wang Xuewen , Meng Fanning , Liu Junxue , Yang Ting , Zhang Wei , Wei Jiatong , Ta Na , Lu Gao Qing (Max) , Hu Ming , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJanus structures that include different functional compartments have attracted significant attention due to their specific properties in a diverse range of applications. However, it remains challenge to develop an effective strategy for achieving strong interfacial interaction. Herein, a Janus nanoreactor consisting of TiO2 2D nanocrystals integrated with Prussian blue analog (PBA) single crystals is proposed and synthesized by mimicking the planting process. In situ etching of PBA particles induces nucleation and growth of TiO2 nanoflakes onto the concave surface of PBA particles, and thus enhances the interlayer interaction. The anisotropic PBA–TiO2 Janus nanoreactor demonstrates enhanced photocatalytic activities for both water reduction and oxidation reactions compared with TiO2 and PBA alone. As far as it is known, this is the first PBA‐based composite that serves as a bifunctional photocatalyst for solar water splitting. The interfacial structure between two materials is vital for charge separation and transfer based on the spectroscopic studies. These results shed light on the elaborate construction of Janus nanoreactor, highlighting the important role of interfacial design at the microscale level.
Morphology optimization of photoactive layers in organic solar cells
Authors: Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have unique advantages of light weight, low‐cost solution processing, and capability to be fabricated into flexible and semitransparent devices, which are widely recognized as a promising photovoltaic technology. Photoactive layers of the OSCs are composed of a blend of a p‐type organic semiconductor as a donor (D) and an n‐type organic semiconductor as acceptor (A). The morphology of the active layer with D/A nano‐scaled aggregation and face‐on π‐conjugated packing, and D/A interpenetrating network is crucial for achieving high photovoltaic performance of the OSCs. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to control and optimize morphology of the active layers. This perspective focuses on the morphological control by solvent/solid processing additives and the morphology optimization by postdeposition treatment with thermal annealing and/or solvent vapor annealing, which have been extensively adopted and exhibit promising positive effect in optimizing the morphology. Representative examples are given and discussed to understand the foundation of the postdeposition treatments on tuning the morphology. Insights into the role of the postdeposition treatments and additive treatments on the morphology optimization will be beneficial to further improvement in morphology optimization for practical organic photovoltaic application.
Radical Annulation for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[c]chromene Derivatives
Authors: Mao Kaimin , Dai Lei , Chen Ang , Liu Yun , Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Chang , Rong Liangce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed oxidative radical [2+2+1] annulation reaction of phenol‐linked 1,7‐enynes with α‐active methylene nitrile is described, affording cyclopenta[c]chromene derivatives bearing several functional groups in excellent yields. The wide substrate range, good group tolerance, and easy amplification experiments indicate the practicability of this synthesis strategy. This process provides an alternative convenient route for the synthesis of cyclopenta[c]chromene derivatives.
Synthesis of 3H‐Pyrrolo‐(1,2‐a) Indole‐based Fluorophore Macrocycles and their Stable Cation Radicals
Authors: Ojha Belarani , Laxman Kandala , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmall molecular fluorophores with high quantum yields are of particular interest because of their role in several applications that range from ion sensing to bioimaging. Indole based biomolecules are well known for their fluorescence properties. Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles have gained tremendous interest in recent times due to their applicability in various fields such as biomedicine and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this article, we report the synthesis of new types of crowned 3H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole fluorophore macrocycles 1–3 which were prepared in 30–35% yields using commercially available compounds under simple reaction conditions. These fluorophore macrocycles 1–3 were characterized by HR‐MS, 1D & 2D NMR, X‐ray crystallography, absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical, and DFT/TD‐DFT studies. The fluorophores 1–3 absorb in the region of 465–480 nm and emit in the region of 615–645 nm with large Stokes shift (∼150 nm), 10–20% quantum yields, and singlet state lifetimes of 1.70–2.50 ns. The electrochemical studies revealed that macrocycles 1–3 are electron‐rich and undergo easier oxidations. The macrocycles 1–3 readily form cation radicals by chemical and electrochemical oxidation which are highly stable at low temperatures as well as at room temperature.
Postictal Death Is Associated with Tonic Phase Apnea in a Mouse Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy
Authors: Wenker Ian C. , Teran Frida A. , Wengert Eric R. , Wagley Pravin K. , Panchal Payal S. , Blizzard Elizabeth A. , Saraf Priyanka , Wagnon Jacy L. , Goodkin Howard P. , Meisler Miriam H. , Richerson George B. , Patel Manoj K. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an unpredictable and devastating comorbidity of epilepsy that is believed to be due to cardiorespiratory failure immediately after generalized convulsive seizures.MethodsWe performed cardiorespiratory monitoring of seizure‐induced death in mice carrying either a p.Arg1872Trp or p.Asn1768Asp mutation in a single Scn8a allele—mutations identified from patients who died from SUDEP—and of seizure‐induced death in pentylenetetrazole‐treated wild‐type mice.ResultsThe primary cause of seizure‐induced death for all mice was apnea, as (1) apnea began during a seizure and continued for tens of minutes until terminal asystole, and (2) death was prevented by mechanical ventilation. Fatal seizures always included a tonic phase that was coincident with apnea. This tonic phase apnea was not sufficient to produce death, as it also occurred during many nonfatal seizures; however, all seizures that were fatal had tonic phase apnea. We also made the novel observation that continuous tonic diaphragm contraction occurred during tonic phase apnea, which likely contributes to apnea by preventing exhalation, and this was only fatal when breathing did not resume after the tonic phase ended. Finally, recorded seizures from a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy with a previously undocumented SCN8A likely pathogenic variant (p.Leu257Val) revealed similarities to those of the mice, namely, an extended tonic phase that was accompanied by apnea.InterpretationWe conclude that apnea coincident with the tonic phase of a seizure, and subsequent failure to resume breathing, are the determining events that cause seizure‐induced death in Scn8a mutant mice. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1023–1035
Chiral Amplification of Phosphoramidates of Amines and Amino Acids in Water
Authors: Dašková Vanda , Buter Jeffrey , Schoonen Anne K. , Lutz Martin , de Vries Folkert , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe origin of biomolecular homochirality continues to be one of the most fascinating aspects of prebiotic chemistry. Various amplification strategies for chiral compounds to enhance a small chiral preference have been reported, but none of these involves phosphorylation, one of nature's essential chemical reactions. Here we present a simple and robust concept of phosphorylation‐based chiral amplification of amines and amino acids in water. By exploiting the difference in solubility of a racemic phosphoramidate and its enantiopure form, we achieved enantioenrichment in solution. Starting with near racemic, phenylethylamine‐based phosphoramidates, ee's of up to 95 % are reached in a single amplification step. Particularly noteworthy is the enantioenrichment of phosphorylated amino acids and their derivatives, which might point to a potential role of phosphorus en‐route to prebiotic homochirality.
Ultrafast Excimer Formation and Solvent Controlled Symmetry Breaking Charge Separation in the Excitonically Coupled Subphthalocyanine Dimer
Authors: Roy Palas , Bressan Giovanni , Gretton Jacob , Cammidge Andrew N. , Meech Stephen R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the factors controlling excited state dynamics in excitonically coupled dimers and higher aggregates is critical for understanding natural and artificial solar energy conversion. In this work, we report ultrafast solvent polarity dependent excited state dynamics of the structurally well‐defined subphthalocyanine dimer, μ‐OSubPc2. Stationary electronic spectra demonstrate strong exciton coupling in μ‐OSubPc2. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal ultrafast excimer formation from the initially excited exciton, mediated by intramolecular structural evolution. In polar solvents the excimer state decays directly through symmetry breaking charge transfer to form a charge separated state. Charge separation occurs under control of solvent orientational relaxation.
Semaphorins: From Angiogenesis to Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Avouac Jérôme , Pezet Sonia , Vandebeuque Eloïse , Orvain Cindy , Gonzalez Virginie , Marin Grégory , Mouterde Gaël , Daïen Claire , Allanore Yannick 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo study the potential role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsMicroarray experiments were performed on Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays in RA endothelial cells (ECs) and control ECs derived from circulating progenitors. Expression of class 3 and class 4 semaphorins and their receptors in the serum of RA patients and healthy controls was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in synovial tissue and by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMicroarray analysis revealed differential expression of class 3 and class 4 semaphorins and their receptors in RA ECs. Semaphorin 4A (SEMA4A), plexin D1, and neuropilin 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were markedly increased in RA ECs by 1.75‐, 2.21‐, and 1.68‐fold, respectively. Stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) led to a 2‐fold increase in SEMA4A mRNA levels in RA ECs, and deficient SEMA4A expression modified RA EC angiogenic properties. Class 3 and class 4 semaphorins as well as their receptors were overexpressed in RA synovial tissue. A respective 1.30‐fold increase and 1.54‐fold increase in SEMA4A and SEMA3E, as well as a 24% decrease in SEMA3A, was observed in the serum of RA patients. Serum levels of SEMA4A, SEMA4D, and SEMA3A correlated with levels of inflammation and proangiogenic markers. In 2 independent cohorts of patients with low disease activity or with RA in remission, the presence of SEMA4A identified patients with residual disease activity.ConclusionGene expression profiling of ECs identified class 3 and class 4 semaphorins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic candidates in RA, with confirmed overexpression in ECs, synovial vessels, and serum, and correlation with validated markers of inflammation and angiogenesis. Thus, semaphorins might be novel and appealing EC‐derived inflammatory and proangiogenic targets in RA.
Elevated peripheral absolute monocyte count related to clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in solid tumors: Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Wen Shu , Chen Nan , Hu Ying , Huang Litao , Peng Jin , Yang Meina , Shen Xiaoyang , Song Yang , Xu Liangzhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute monocyte count (AMC) is often used to be assessed in cancer follow‐up, which has regained interest as a potential prognostic indicator in many solid tumors, though not consistently or comprehensively. In the present study, we set out to perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of all available data regarding the prognostic significance of AMC in solid tumors. We also evaluated the association between AMC and clinical features in solid tumors.MethodsA hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) or a p value (p) from eligible studies were extracted and subsequently pooled analyzed. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression analyses were conducted according to the confounders of included studies. In addition, the relationships between AMC and clinical characteristics were also explored in the meta‐analysis.ResultsOverall, ninety‐three articles comprising 104 studies with 32229 patients were finally included. The results showed that elevated AMC was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.615; 95% CI: 1.475‐1.768; p < 0.001), disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR:1.488; 95% CI: 1.357‐1.633; p < 0.001), progressive‐free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.533; 95% CI: 1.342‐1.751; p < 0.001) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (HR: 1.585; 95% CI: 1.253‐2.006; p < 0.001) in non‐hematological tumors. Subgroup analyses according to each confounder further proved the consistent prognostic value of AMC in solid tumor outcomes. Moreover, elevated AMC was more likely to be observed in male group and patients with smoking history, and associated with longer tumor length and advanced T stage.ConclusionIn short, the meta‐analysis found that elevated AMC might indicate poor long‐term outcomes in non‐hematologic cancers, thus AMC may be a valuable marker in the prognosis for patients with solid tumors.
Speciation of Inorganic Mercury Compounds in Solid Samples via Thermo‐desorption Experiments
Authors: Klöfer Isabelle , Bittig Margot , Bathen Dieter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo establish a standardized method for specifying mercury in solid samples, a database of relevant mercury species is created via thermo‐desorption. By measuring Hg(t) and Hg(0), different evaporation characteristics of mercury halides, sulfide, oxides, nitrates, and sulfates were recorded. It was possible to create a baseline for analyzing solid samples with unknown mercury content. All mercury species without a halide compound evaporate over 200 °C and as elemental mercury. All mercury halides evaporate mainly as oxidized species. From this fact it can be concluded that mercury halides desublimate when heated and have a vapor pressure as a solid. This unique characteristic was only seen by mercury halides. All other species seem to decompose into their single components when heated.
Longitudinal changes in therapeutic alliance with people with psychosis: Relationship between client and therapist assessments
Authors: Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , de Jong Steven , Igra Libby , Carter Sarah A. , Faith Laura A. , Lysaker Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough the clinical significance of therapeutic alliance with people with psychosis is well established, the agreement between client and therapist assessments of therapeutic alliance and the longitudinal changes of both assessments have been rarely addressed. The current study examined client and therapist assessments of therapeutic alliance longitudinally and sought to determine whether insight and severity of symptoms moderated the degree to which therapist and client assessments were in agreement with one another. Forty‐five participants diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and their therapists were administered a therapeutic alliance questionnaire (Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form) monthly for 6 months. Baseline symptoms were assessed using the PANSS. Results did not produce evidence that insight into illness moderated the relationship between agreement on the therapeutic alliance. However, symptoms of emotional discomfort at baseline predicted differences in agreement between clients and therapists on the relationship aspect of therapeutic alliance over the course of therapy. These results suggest that the ability to express symptoms of emotional discomfort may affect whether clients and therapists form similar appraisals of the strength of the therapeutic alliance.