bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of community assembly explaining beta‐diversity patterns across biogeographic regions
Authors: Muñoz Mazón Miguel , Tello J. Sebastián , Macía Manuel J. , Myers Jonathan A. , Jørgensen Peter M. , Cala Victoria , Fuentes Alfredo F. , Torrez Vania , Arellano Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimWe examined tree beta diversity in four biogeographical regions with contrasting environmental conditions, latitude, and diversity. We tested: (a) the influence of the species pool on beta diversity; (b) the relative contribution of niche‐based and dispersal‐based assembly to beta diversity; and (c) differences in the importance of these two assembly mechanisms in regions with differing productivity and species richness.LocationLowland and montane tropical forests in the Madidi region (Bolivia), lowland temperate forests in the Ozarks (USA), and montane temperate forests in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain).MethodsWe surveyed woody plants with a diameter ≥2.5 cm following a standardized protocol in 236 0.1‐ha forest plots in four different biogeographical regions. We estimated the species pool at each region and used it to recreate null communities determined entirely by the species pool. Observed patterns of beta diversity smaller or greater than the null‐expected patterns of beta diversity implies the presence of local assembly mechanisms beyond the influence of the species pool. We used variation‐partitioning analyses to compare the contribution of niche‐based and dispersal‐based assembly to patterns of observed beta diversity and their deviations from null models among the four regions.Results(a) Differences in species pools alone did not explain observed differences in beta diversity among biogeographic regions. (b) In 3/4 regions, the environment explained more of the variation in beta diversity than spatial variables. (c) Spatial variables explained more of the beta diversity in more diverse and more productive regions with more rare species (tropical and lower‐elevation regions) compared to less diverse and less productive regions (temperate and higher‐elevation regions). (d) Greater alpha or gamma diversity did not result in higher beta diversity or stronger correlations with the environment.ConclusionOverall, the observed differences in beta diversity are better explained by differences in community assembly mechanism than by biogeographical processes that shaped the species pool.
Sailing in a sea of perplexity: Family caregivers' experience of patients with delirium
Authors: Huang Li‐Jung , Tsai Hsiu‐Hsin , Wang Yi‐Wen , Chou Chun‐Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers play an important role for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and delirium is a common clinical syndrome. Little is known about the experiences of family caregivers when a relative is a patient with delirium, especially for caregivers in Asian cultures.Aims and ObjectiveTo understand the experience of family caregivers with a family member as a patient with delirium in the ICU in Taiwan.DesignA descriptive qualitative study with in‐depth face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 20 family caregivers of 20 patients with delirium in the ICU of a hospital in northern Taiwan.ResultsThe core theme describing the phenomenon of family caregivers of a patient with delirium was “Sailing in a sea of perplexity,” which described family caregivers' uncertainty of navigating the ICU and providing support for a relative. Three subthemes described the core theme: (a) perplexity of the ICU environment, (b) perplexity of making decisions, and (c) perplexity of Chinese cultural constraints.Conclusion“Sailing in a sea of perplexity” underscores how uncertainty among family caregivers of patients with delirium in ICUs can lead to feelings of fear and anxiety. Therefore, nursing professionals should not only focus on patient care but also be sensitive to caregivers' feelings of uncertainty and their cultural beliefs.Relevance to clinical practiceUnfamiliarity and lack of knowledge about intensive care and patient treatments were a source of family caregivers' perplexity. To reduce uncertainty, we recommend increased communication between staff and caregivers. Hospitals can also provide information on their websites, including treatment of delirium and visitation hours. Information access could be enhanced by developing a smartphone app linked to a QR code that families can scan to obtain information, which would be useful during restricted visitation.
The growing and vital role of botanical gardens in climate change research
Authors: Primack Richard B. , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Gallinat Amanda S. , Miller‐Rushing Abraham J. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBotanical gardens make unique contributions to climate change research, conservation, and public engagement. They host unique resources, including diverse collections of plant species growing in natural conditions, historical records, and expert staff, and attract large numbers of visitors and volunteers. Networks of botanical gardens spanning biomes and continents can expand the value of these resources. Over the past decade, research at botanical gardens has advanced our understanding of climate change impacts on plant phenology, physiology, anatomy, and conservation. For example, researchers have utilized botanical garden networks to assess anatomical and functional traits associated with phenological responses to climate change. New methods have enhanced the pace and impact of this research, including phylogenetic and comparative methods, and online databases of herbarium specimens and photographs that allow studies to expand geographically, temporally, and taxonomically in scope. Botanical gardens have grown their community and citizen science programs, informing the public about climate change and monitoring plants more intensively than is possible with garden staff alone. Despite these advances, botanical gardens are still underutilized in climate change research. To address this, we review recent progress and describe promising future directions for research and public engagement at botanical gardens.
Accurate Confidence Regions for Principal Components Factors*
Authors: Maldonado Javier , Ruiz Esther 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn dynamic factor models, factors are often extracted using principal components with their asymptotic confidence regions having empirical coverages below the nominal ones when the temporal dimension is small. We propose a subsampling procedure to compute the factor loadings uncertainty and correct the asymptotic covariance matrix of the extracted factors. We show that the empirical coverages of the modified confidence regions are closer to the nominal ones than those of asymptotic regions and asymptotically valid bootstrap regions. The results are empirically illustrated obtaining confidence intervals of the underlying factor in a system of Spanish macroeconomic variables.
Impact of His bundle pacing on right ventricular performance in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Grieco Domenico , Bressi Edoardo , Curila Karol , Padala Santosh K. , Sedlacek Kamil , Kron Jordana , Fedele Elisa , Ionita Oana , Giannuzzi Sara , Fagagnini Alessandro , Panattoni Germana , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHis‐Bundle pacing (HBP) is an emerging technique for physiological pacing. However, its effects on right ventricle (RV) performance are still unknown.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients with an indication for pacemaker (PM) implantation to compare HBP versus RV pacing (RVP) effects on RV performance. Patients were evaluated before implantation and after 6 months by a transthoracic echocardiogram.ResultsA total of 84 patients (age 75.1±7.9 years, 64% male) were enrolled, 42 patients (50%) underwent successful HBP, and 42 patients (50%) apical RVP. At follow up, we found a significant improvement in RV‐FAC (Fractional Area Change)% [baseline: HBP 34 IQR (31–37) vs. RVP 33 IQR (29.7–37.2),p = .602; 6‐months: HBP 37 IQR (33–39) vs. RVP 30 IQR (27.7–35), p < .0001] and RV‐GLS (Global Longitudinal Strain)% [baseline: HBP –18 IQR (–20.2 to –15) vs. RVP –16 IQR (–18.7 to –14), p = .150; 6‐months: HBP –20 IQR(–23 to –17) vs. RVP –13.5 IQR (–16 to –11), p < .0001] with HBP whereas RVP was associated with a significant decline in both parameters. RVP was also associated with a significant worsening of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p < .0001) and S wave velocity (p < .0001) at follow up. Conversely from RVP, HBP significantly improved pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) [baseline: HBP 38 IQR (32–42) mmHg vs. RVP 34 IQR (31.5–37) mmHg,p = .060; 6‐months: HBP 32 IQR (26–38) mmHg vs. RVP 39 IQR (36–41) mmHg, p < .0001] and tricuspid regurgitation (p = .005) irrespectively from lead position above or below the tricuspid valve.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PM implantation, HBP ensues a beneficial and protective impact on RV performance compared with RVP.
The Language of Pandemic Leaderships: Mapping Political Rhetoric During the COVID‐19 Outbreak
Authors: Montiel Cristina Jayme , Uyheng Joshua , Dela Paz Erwine 
Published: April 2021

This article maps political rhetoric by national leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify and characterize global variations in major rhetorical storylines invoked in publicly available speeches (N = 1201) across a sample of 26 countries. Employing a text analytics or corpus linguistics approach, we show that state heads rhetorically lead their nations by: enforcing systemic interventions, upholding global unity, encouraging communal cooperation, stoking national fervor, and assuring responsive governance. Principal component analysis further shows that country‐level rhetoric is organized along emergent dimensions of cultural cognition: an agency‐structure axis to define the loci of pandemic interventions and a hierarchy‐egalitarianism axis which distinguishes top‐down enforcement from bottom‐up calls for cooperation. Furthermore, we detect a striking contrast between countries featuring populist versus cosmopolitan rhetoric, which diverged in terms of their collective meaning making around leading over versus leading with, as well as their experienced pandemic severity. We conclude with implications for understanding global pandemic leadership in an unequal world and the contributions of mixed‐methods approaches to a generative political psychology in times of crisis.
Highlights

During a global pandemic, political leaders must adapt their rhetoric to local societal conditions. Our work affirms the importance of political governance that elevates strong institutions while empowering public cooperation, but cautions that these may be most readily enacted in more democratic and economically developed contexts. In poorer, less democratic settings, rhetoric emphasizing accountable governance should be responsive to bottom‐up grassroots efforts in local communities, in contrast to the tightening grip of top‐down militarized policing in states witnessing the opportunistic creep of authoritarianism during a period of societal disorder. Finally, rhetoric where leaders uphold global ideals underscore wider identities of international collaborations in a global crisis, in contrast to more insularizing nationalistic rhetoric.
How many regulations does it take to get a beer? The geography of beer regulations
Authors: Staples Aaron J. , Chambers Dustin , Malone Trey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough the influence of regulations on economic outcomes has been well documented, few studies have focused on the geography of regulatory burdens. The regulations confronting any supply chain can vary dramatically across legislative jurisdictions, as U.S. policy is enforced by overlapping federal, state, and local governments. We use a unique data set to explore state‐by‐state regulatory variation in U.S. beer supply chains in 2020. We find that the state‐level rules targeted at the beer supply chain vary between 1,177 and 25,399, with the average state implementing 10,212 formal regulatory restrictions.
Not All Women Who Experience Side Effects Discontinue Their Contraceptive Method: Insights from a Longitudinal Study in India
Authors: Jain Aparna , Dwyer Sara Chace , Mozumdar Arupendra , Tobey Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSide effects are a primary reason why women stop using contraception, even though they may still want to avoid a pregnancy. The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the largest source of nationally representative data on contraceptive discontinuation, only asks women who discontinued a method their reasons for discontinuation, for which side effects is an option. Yet, side effects are also experienced by continued users. Using longitudinal data collected from a cohort of contraceptive users in Odisha and Haryana, India, this study explores the effect of side effect severity and frequency on six‐month discontinuation. Among women who experienced side effects of their enrollment method, 49.7 percent continued to use it by the six‐month interview. Women who experienced moderate/severe side effects infrequently were 67 percent (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.33; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.64) less likely to discontinue the enrollment method compared to women who experienced moderate/severe side effects always. Women who experienced mild side effects were even less likely to discontinue (AOR: 0.15; 95 percent CI: 0.06–0.37). Study results suggest side effect severity and frequency are more important factors than simply the experience of a side effect in understanding contraceptive discontinuation. DHS and other national surveys should expand their exploration of side effects to include questions asked of current users.
Show, Don't Tell
Authors: Zwicky Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Show, don't tell” is a maxim basic to literary craft. It enjoins avoidance of abstract, cliché‐ridden summaries and use of rich, vividly rendered details. Anyone who has attended an introductory creative writing course will have encountered it. Practised literary writers know it is true. Why is showing so fundamental to good literature? Why is it more effective than telling? Showing constellates details, placing facets of a larger shape before the reader's mind, a shape that cannot be adequately encompassed by a summary, whose power lies in the simultaneous integration of multiple, superficially discontinuous aspects. This sounds like the eureka effect, the “Aha!” of sudden discovery in mathematics and the sciences. I argue that grasping what is being shown in a literary context is indeed related to insight in theoretical fields. Telling the reader “what happened” makes the mind's eye glaze over in just the way that it glazes over when it is forced to memorize formulae that it does not understand. Showing is like offering an elegant proof; the mind reaches to understand what is going on. When it succeeds, it feels the satisfaction of having grasped meaning.
Feasibility and safety of whole lung irradiation in the treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Brehm Amanda , Wilson‐Robles Heather , Miller Tasha , Jarvis Jill , Deveau Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhole lung irradiation (WLI) has been used successfully in humans as an adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma. The aim of this study is to describe the feasibility and safety of WLI in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Twelve client‐owned dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that had successfully completed amputation and four doses of carboplatin without evidence of gross metastasis were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Ten once‐daily fractions of 1.75 Gy were administered to the planning target volume encompassing the lungs. Overall, WLI was well tolerated in these patients. No dogs developed symptoms of pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis. Haematopoietic toxicity evaluated during radiation therapy was found to be mild. The median disease free interval for WLI treated dogs was not significantly different than the median DFI for a group of historic control dogs (376 days for WLI treated dogs versus 304.5 days for control dogs;p = 0.5461). Although no significant improvement in outcome was observed with this study, WLI appears to be safe in dogs and warrants further investigation to characterize the efficacy and toxicity.
Granulation tissue myofibroblasts during normal and pathological skin healing: The interaction between their secretome and the microenvironment
Authors: Arif Syrine , Attiogbe Emilie , Moulin Véronique J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first role that was proposed for the myofibroblasts located in skin granulation tissue was to contract the edges of the wound in order to reduce the surface to be repaired. This role, linked to the presence of alpha smooth muscle actin, was very quickly confirmed and is part of the definition of granulation tissue myofibroblasts. However, myofibroblasts are cells that also play a much more central role in wound healing. Indeed, it has been shown that these cells produce large quantities of matrix components, and that they stimulate angiogenesis and can recruit immune cells. These actions take place via the secretion of molecules into their environment or indirectly via the production of microvesicles containing pro‐fibrotic and pro‐angiogenic molecules. Pathologically, granulation tissue can develop into a hypertrophic scar that histologically looks like granulation tissue, but which can remain for months or even years. It has been hypothesized that the myofibroblasts in these tissues remained present instead of disappearing by apoptosis, causing the maintenance of granulation tissue rather than allowing its change into a mature scar. Understanding the roles of both pathological and healthy myofibroblasts in wound tissue is crucial in order to better intervene in the healing mechanism.
Diseño de un cuestionario de caracterización psicosocial y de motivos de consulta en Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios
Authors: Colón Llamas Tatiana , Escobar Altare Andrea , Granados García Alejandro , Parra-Murillo María Fernanda , Santacoloma Giraldo Andrés , Moreno Luna Socorro , Silva Martin Luis Manuel 
Published: April 2021

Llevar a cabo la caracterización de los motivos de consulta en la atención psicológica suele ser difícil por su naturaleza variada y multidimensional y la consecuente falta de adecuados instrumentos para su sistematización. No obstante, hacerlo facilitaría la descripción de los principales motivos de consulta en psicología y la mejor orientación de los limitados recursos en la atención en salud mental. Este estudio descriptivo presenta el proceso de concepción, desarrollo y administración de un cuestionario de caracterización psicosocial y de motivos de consulta en una muestra de niños (N = 418, Medad = 8.4, DEedad = 2.17 ), adolescentes (N = 238, Medad = 15.2, DEedad = 1.54) y adultos (N = 869, Medad = 30.8, DEedad = 13.03 ) de 28 Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios en Colombia y sus evidencias de validez, con el objetivo de brindar a la comunidad psicológica en Latinoamérica una guía para la construcción de instrumentos localizados.
Computational Study of a Radial Flow Turbine Operates Under Various Pulsating Flow Shapes and Amplitudes
Authors: Rezk Ahmed , Sharma Sidharth , Barrans Simon , Hossain Abul Kalam , Lee Samuel P. , Imran Muhamad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Radial flow turbines are extensively used in turbocharging technology due to their unique capability of handling a wide range of exhaust gas flow. The pulsating flow nature of the internal combustion engine exhaust gases causes unsteady operation of the turbine stage. This paper presents the impact of the pulsating flow of various characteristics on the performance of a radial flow turbine. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model was coupled with a one-dimensional engine model to study the realistic pulsating flow. Applying square wave pulsating flow showed the highest degree of unsteadiness corresponding to 92.6% maximum mass flow accumulation due to the consecutive sudden changes of the mass flowrates over the entire pulse. Although sawtooth showed a maximum mass flow accumulation value of 88.9%, the mass flowrates entailed gradual change and resulted in the least overall mass flow accumulation over the entire pulse. These two extremes constrained the anticipated performance of the radial flow turbine that operates under realistic pulsating flow. Such constraints could develop an operating envelope to predict the performance and optimize radial flow turbines’ power extraction under pulsating flow conditions.
Performance of the vision, aphasia, neglect (VAN) assessment within a single large EMS system
Authors: Patel Mehul D , Thompson Jackie , Cabañas José G , Williams Jefferson G , Lewis Erin , Bachman Michael , Al Masry Mahmoud , LaVigne Charles , Morantes Leonardo , Becske Tibor , Kass-Hout Omar 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the performance of emergent large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke screening tools when used by emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) providers. We assessed the validity and predictive value of the vision, aphasia, neglect (VAN) assessment when completed by EMS and in the ED among suspected stroke patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of VAN performed by EMS providers and VAN inferred from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale performed by ED nurses at a single hospital. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of VAN by EMS and in the ED for LVO and a combined LVO and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcome.ResultsFrom January 2018 to June 2020, 1,547 eligible patients were identified. Sensitivity and specificity of ED VAN were similar for LVO (72% and 74%, respectively), whereas EMS VAN was more sensitive (84%) than specific (68%). PPVs were low for both EMS VAN (26%) and ED VAN (21%) to detect LVO. Due to several VAN-positive ICHs, PPVs were substantially higher for both EMS VAN (44%) and ED VAN (39%) to detect LVO or ICH. EMS and ED VAN had high NPVs (97% and 96%, respectively).ConclusionsAmong suspected stroke patients, we found modest sensitivity and specificity of VAN to detect LVO for both EMS and ED providers. Moreover, the low PPV in our study suggests a significant number of patients with non-LVO ischemic stroke or ICH could be over-triaged with VAN.