bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Nanoconstructs in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Saw Wen Shang , Anasamy Theebaa , Foo Yiing Yee , Kwa Yee Chu , Kue Chin Siang , Yeong Chai Hong , Kiew Lik Voon , Lee Hong Boon , Chung Lip Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanosized constructs are widely applied to address the common drawbacks of conventional cancer therapy, such as a nonspecific biodistribution, toxicity and targeting. Nevertheless, there are several challenges in transporting sufficient drugs to the tumor using these nanoconstructs, which are discussed in this review. Additionally, the current opportunities that improve the biodistribution of nanoconstructs, tumor penetration and drug accumulation are elaborated. The distinct features of currently available strategies do not adequately fit the classical passive and active targeting categories; therefore, in this review, they are regrouped into autonomous and nonautonomous drug delivery systems. Autonomous systems are defined as self‐directed systems that can enhance nanoparticle retention and distribution in solid tumors without the need to align with the blood flow direction, while non‐autonomous systems primarily rely on the blood flow direction, longevity in the circulation and specific affinity to the target cells. Moreover, the effectiveness of the existing delivery systems could be further improved through the correct choice of route of administration. The role of the route of administration in improving these drug delivery methods and some recent examples of locoregional cancer therapy are discussed. These findings could stimulate improvements in the delivery of multifunctional nanoconstructs, which could facilitate successful cancer treatments.
Dynamic Hydrogels for Prevention of Post‐Operative Peritoneal Adhesions
Authors: Stapleton Lyndsay M. , Lucian Haley J. , Grosskopf Abigail K. , Smith Anton A. A. , Totherow Kailey P. , Woo Y. Joseph , Appel Eric A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPost‐operative adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue formed between internal tissues and organs causing clinical morbidity and their prevention represents a critical unmet need. Over 20 million Americans undergo invasive surgery each year and 95% of those patients develop post‐operative adhesions. More specifically, peritoneal adhesions forming as a result of abdominal surgery can result in severe complications such as chronic pain or adhesive small bowel obstruction requiring secondary adhesiolysis surgery. Additionally, adhesiolysis increases operation times during reoperative procedures and increases the risk of hemorrhage and organ injury upon reentry. This work reports the use of a dynamically crosslinked polymer‐nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel adhesion barrier comprised of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and biodegradable PEG‐PLA nanoparticles. These materials have desirable viscoelastic and flow properties, long‐term physical stability during storage, permit administration via spraying, enable local retention in the abdominal cavity for 2 weeks, and definitively reduce peritoneal adhesion formation. Using a rodent ischemic button model to generate peritoneal adhesions (n >
4), the PNP hydrogel significantly reduced peritoneal adhesion severity compared to commercial control products when assessed by a standardized 5‐point scale (3.18 ± 1.07 versus 1.35 ± 0.63; p = 0.0014). These results suggest that the PNP hydrogel adhesion barrier is a simple and effective solution for the prevention of peritoneal adhesions.
Robust Effective‐Medium Characteristics of Bianisotropic Reflective Metasurfaces based on Field‐Circuit Combined Analysis
Authors: Han Feng‐Yuan , Yin Li‐Zheng , Du Chao‐Hai , Liu Pu‐Kun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves, reflective metasurfaces (with metal cladding at the bottom) play a significant role in the field of beam steering. The feasibility and flexibility to control electromagnetic waves by reflective metasurfaces depend on the recognition of their physical properties by researchers. As for bianisotropic reflective metasurfaces, however, the effective‐medium characteristics cannot be appropriately described by conventional methods, which entail both transmission and reflection coefficients. Here, a robust method based on simplex S‐parameters is proposed to retrieve constitutive effective parameters (CEPs) for bianisotropic reflective metasurfaces. By illuminating the transverse electric‐polarization plane waves on a split‐ring unit cell normally and obliquely, the CEPs can be calculated with only S11 parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the retrieval results, an analysis of small incident angles is employed to examine the consistency of both the x‐ and y‐directions effective impedance and determine the accurate range of the incident angles. Moreover, the sensitivity of the retrieval results to S‐parameters is also sufficiently discussed. This method is beneficial for the applications of one‐side complex materials, e.g., dual‐function reflective metasurfaces, multichannel reflectors, excitation of spoof space plasmon polaritons, and ground‐penetrating‐radar applications.
MOF‐Based Hybrids for Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Yoon Ji‐Won , Kim Jae‐Hyeok , Kim Changyeon , Jang Ho Won , Lee Jong‐Heun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSolar fuel production, water splitting, and CO2 reduction by sunlight‐assisted catalytic reactions, are attractive and environmentally sustainable approaches used to generate energy. Since many different parameters, including energy band structures, electronic conductivity, surface area, porosity, catalytic activity, and stability of photocatalytic materials, determine the photocatalytic reaction, a single photocatalytic material is often insufficient to fulfill all the requirements. Hybridization to complement the limitations of two or more component materials can provide a viable solution. Particularly, hybridization with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of materials with excellent controllability of topology, surface area, porosity, morphology, band structure, electrical conductivity, and composition, enables the on‐demand design of a myriad of high‐performance photocatalysts. Moreover, hybrids formed by MOF‐derived materials inherit the distinctive merits from the MOF and offer further diversification for hybrid photocatalysts. Here, the rational design of MOF‐based hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuel production is discussed. The synthetic strategies of diverse MOF‐based hybrids, the key physicochemical parameters of hybrids to determine photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions, and the mechanisms underlying the synergistic enhancement of solar fuel production are reviewed. Moreover, remaining challenges and future perspectives are addressed.
Yttrium‐Doped Barium Zirconate‐Cerate Solid Solution as Proton Conducting Electrolyte: Why Higher Cerium Concentration Leads to Better Performance for Fuel Cells and Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Han Donglin , Liu Xin , Bjørheim Tor Svendsen , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProton conducting Y‐doped BaZrO3, BaCeO3 and their solid solutions are receiving increasing attention due to their promising application as electrolytes in ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells. However, the literature indicates a clear tendency that the performance of the cells increases with increasing Ce content in the electrolyte. In this work, to elucidate this phenomenon, a systematic work is performed on investigating the phase, hydration, and transport behaviors of BaZr0.8−xCexY0.2O3−δ (BZCY20). The results reveal that in the temperature range between 500 and 700 °C, with increasing Ce content, the dehydration temperature elevates and the proton concentration increases, showing that the Ce component favors the stabilization of protons. Furthermore, the transport number of hole conduction decreases, whereas the transport number of ionic conduction increases with the increasing Ce content. By further separating the contribution of oxide ions and protons, it is found that the oxide ion conductivity increases with the increasing Ce content at higher temperatures of 600 and 700 °C. Such decreased hole conductivity and increased oxide ion conductivity result in the enhancement of the ionic conduction of BZCY20 with increasing Ce content, and therefore improve the performance of fuel cells and electrolysis cells.
Extrinsic‐Structured Bimetallic‐Phase Ternary Metal Phosphorus Trisulfides Coupled with N‐Doped Graphitized Carbon for Superior Electrochemical Lithium Storage
Authors: Gui Qiaoqiao , Feng Yutong , Chen Bingjie , Gu Feng , Chen Lu , Meng Shuo , Xu Mengzhu , Xia Mengting , Zhang Chi , Yang Jinhu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe exploration of advanced electrode materials through rational structure/phase design is the key to develop high‐performance rechargeable batteries. Herein, ternary metal phosphorus trisulfides (NiCoPS3) with a bimetallic phase and an extrinsic structure of nanodots combined with nitrogen‐doped graphitized carbon (NC) are developed for lithium‐ion batteries. The designed NiCoPS3/NC holding a nanocube‐like morphology shows a set of structural/compositional advantages as lithium‐ion battery anodes including high electrical conductivity, low ion diffusion barrier, improved theoretical lithium storage capacity, and relieved lithiation stress, which are confirmed by characterizations and density functional theory calculations. As a consequence, the NiCoPS3/NC electrode displays superior comprehensive lithium storage performance, e.g., high reversible capacity (991 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent cycling stability (up to 1200 cycles at 2 A g−1 and 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1 with respective capacity retention of over or nearly 100%), and good rate capability (58.4% capacity retention after a current change from 0.1 to 5 A g−1), representing the best comprehensive battery performance in MPS3‐based anodes to date.
Boosting Energy Storage via Confining Soluble Redox Species onto Solid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Sun Shuo , Liu Bo , Zhang Hongshen , Guo Qiubo , Xia Qiuying , Zhai Teng , Xia Hui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn upswell in the demand for both high energy density and large power density has triggered extensive research in developing next‐generation energy storage systems (ESSs), including redox‐enhanced electrochemical capacitors, metal–sulfur (LiS and NaS) batteries, and metal–iodine (LiI2, NaI2, etc.) batteries, which involve a liquid reaction pathway that decouples the reaction kinetics from the sluggish ion diffusion in the solid phase. Development is plagued at present by the shuttle effects of soluble redox species (SRSs) resulting in poor cycling stability and rapid self‐discharge. Based on the shuttle mechanisms of SRSs, it is crucial to build an atomic or molecular relationship between the electrode surface and SRSs, that is, solid–liquid interface. Here, a timely review of current advances towards the confinement of SRSs in ESSs through solid–liquid interfacial manipulation at the atomic/molecular level is presented. Particularly, the immobilization mechanisms of SRSs around electrode materials within a series of successful examples are highlighted. The corresponding promising research avenues and challenges via interfacial manipulations are also outlined. With this work as a background, new insights into promising strategies that effectively confine the SRSs around electrodes are discussed, with the aim to facilitate vertical leaps in the performance of next‐generation ESSs.
Optimizing catalyst supports at single catalyst pellet and packed bed reactor levels: A comparison study
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Qin Bo , Zhang Qunfeng , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing a catalyst support with optimal pore network and pellet structures is critical to the success of an industrial heterogeneous catalyst. This work optimizes the catalyst support of a dry reforming of methane catalyst at packed bed reactor level, that is, effects of concentration and temperature gradients in the reactor are accounted for. Meanwhile, the optimization at reactor level is also compared with that at single catalyst pellet level where fixed concentrations and temperature are imposed on the pellet surface. Results show that the optimal structures obtained at pellet level are similar to these acquired at reactor level, but the improvements in catalyst performance calculated at pellet level are overestimated. Therefore, when designing an industrial catalyst pellet, the preferred structures can be obtained from the optimization at pellet level, but the corresponding improvements in catalyst performance should be evaluated at reactor level to reflect the reality in industry.
Machine learning modeling and predictive control of nonlinear processes using noisy data
Authors: Wu Zhe , Rincon David , Luo Junwei , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on machine learning modeling and predictive control of nonlinear processes using noisy data. We use long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks with training data from sensor measurements corrupted by two types of noise: Gaussian and non‐Gaussian noise, to train the process model that will be used in a model predictive controller (MPC). We first discuss the LSTM training with noisy data following a Gaussian distribution, and demonstrate that the standard LSTM network is capable of capturing the underlying process dynamic behavior by reducing the impact of noise. Subsequently, given that the standard LSTM performs poorly on a noisy data set from industrial operation (i.e., non‐Gaussian noisy data), we propose an LSTM network using Monte Carlo dropout method to reduce the overfitting to noisy data. Furthermore, an LSTM network using co‐teaching training method is proposed to further improve its approximation performance when noise‐free data from a process model capturing the nominal process state evolution is available. A chemical process example is used throughout the manuscript to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling approaches and demonstrate their open‐ and closed‐loop performance under a Lyapunov‐based model predictive controller with state measurements corrupted by industrial noise.
Integrating pore interconnectivity and adaptability in a single crystal hierarchical zeolite for liquid alkylation
Authors: Liu Baoyu , Huang Jiajin , Liao Zhantu , Zhu Chongzhi , Chen Qiaoli , Sheng Guan , Zhu Yihan , Huang Yi , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZeolite belongs to one of the most important families of solid acid catalysts in chemical industries. It is, however, severely constrained by the diffusion limitation for bulky molecules, a lack of multifunctionality for sequential reactions and pore adaptability toward specific adsorbates due to its small micropore size and simple aluminosilicate framework. Introducing mesopores into a zeolite toward realizing hierarchical zeolites is a prevailing strategy but one that usually suffers from compromised crystallinity as well as insufficient interconnectivity and openness of the mesopores. Herein, a novel acid‐redox co‐functionalized single‐crystalline zeolite with highly open and interconnected mesopores is designed and fabricated. As a proof‐of‐concept study, we integrate solid acid and Fe‐oxy redox sites into a hierarchical MEL zeolite with well‐characterized microporosity and mesoporosity. This zeolite exhibits superior activity and stability toward alkylation between mesitylene with benzyl alcohol, arising from greatly facilitated intra‐crystal molecular diffusion, mitigated metal leaching and optimized adsorbate‐pore wall interactions.
Steady‐state and transient hydrothermal analyses of single‐phase natural circulation loop using water‐based tri‐hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Sahu Mayaram , Sarkar Jahar , Chandra Laltu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransient and steady‐state characteristics of the natural circulation loop are studied using various water‐based tri‐hybrid (different nature and shaped nanoparticles) nanofluids. Effects of input power, loop inclination and loop aspect ratio on the mass flow rate, effectiveness, and entropy generation rate are studied. Results disclose that tri‐hybrid nanofluids reduce the oscillation and attain steady state faster than water. Effectiveness increases and entropy generation rate decreases by using tri‐hybrid nanofluids. Nanoparticle shape has found a significant impact. Al2O3 + Cu + CNT/water shows the best performance. The mass flow rate increases with input power, loop aspect ratio, whereas, reduces with loop inclination. Effectiveness decreases and then increases with input power, whereas increases with loop inclination and decreases with loop aspect ratio. Entropy generation upsurges with input power and loop inclination, whereas decreases with loop aspect ratio. Loop aspect ratio of 1.5 to 3 is found suitable for better performance.
Kinetics of aging process on reduced Ag exchanged mordenite in dry air and humid air
Authors: Choi Seungrag , Nan Yue , Tavlarides Lawrence L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAging effects of off‐gas streams including dry air and humid air on reduced silver exchanged mordenite (Ag0Z) were studied. Aged Ag0Z was prepared by exposing Ag0Z to dry air and humid air at different aging temperatures, time, and water vapor concentrations. Iodine loading capacity on the aged Ag0Z was obtained through a continuous‐flow adsorption system. Significant iodine loading capacity losses were observed after the Ag0Z was exposed to dry air and humid air. Physical and chemical analyses were conducted to observe the physical and chemical changes of Ag0Z after being aged. From iodine adsorption data and sample analyses, it was found that iodine loading capacity on the aged Ag0Z in dry air and humid air decreases with increasing aging temperatures, time, and water vapor concentrations. The pseudo reaction model describes experimental data well and the oxidation of Ag0 is the rate determining step in the aging process.
A phase I/II study of the combination of panobinostat and carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Final analysis of second dose‐expansion cohort
Authors: Berdeja Jesus G. , Gregory Tara K. , Faber Edward A. , Hart Lowell L. , Mace Joseph R. , Arrowsmith Edward R. , Flinn Ian W. , Matous Jeffrey V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe maximum tolerated dose of the panobinostat and carfilzomib combination in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) was not reached in our previous dose‐escalation study. We report additional dose levels in the phase I/II, single‐arm, multicenter, standard 3 + 3 dose‐escalation expansion‐cohort study (NCT01496118). Patients with RRMM were treated with panobinostat 30 mg, carfilzomib 20/56 mg/m2 (N = 3), or panobinostat 20 mg, carfilzomib 20/56 mg/m2 (N = 33). Treatment cycles lasted 28 days; panobinostat: days 1, 3, 5, 15, 17, 19; carfilzomib: days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16. For dose level 6 (DL 6), median age was 63 years (range, 49–91 years), 60.6% were male, 42.4% were high risk. Patients received a median of two prior therapies (range 1–7); proteasome inhibitors (PI; 100%), immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiD; 78.8%), and stem cell transplant (36.4%); 48.5%, 51.1%, and 24.2% were refractory to prior PI or prior IMiD treatment or both, respectively. Patients completed a median of seven (range 1–40) treatment cycles. Overall response rate (primary endpoint) of evaluable patients in the expansion cohort (N = 32): 84.4%; clinical benefit rate: 90.6%. With a median follow‐up of 26.1 months (range, 0–72.5 months), median (95% CI) progression‐free survival, time‐to‐progression and overall survival of patients was 10.3 (6.1, 13.9), 11.7 (5.6, 14.5), and 44.6 (20.8, N/A) months, respectively. Common adverse events (AEs) included thrombocytopenia (78.8%), nausea (63.6%), fatigue (63.6%), diarrhea (51.5%), and vomiting (51.5%). Seven patients had serious treatment‐related AEs. There was one treatment‐related death. In conclusion, panobinostat plus carfilzomib is an effective steroid‐sparing regimen for RRMM.
Comparison of the current renal staging, progression and response criteria to predict renal survival in AL amyloidosis using a Mayo cohort
Authors: Drosou Maria Eleni , Vaughan Lisa E. , Muchtar Eli , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Fonder Amie L. , Gertz Morie A. , Go Ronald S. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Hwa Yi L. , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Kumar Shaji , Kyle Robert A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Lin Yi , Lopez Camden L. , Lust John A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Russell Stephen J. , Sidana Surbhi , Siddiqui Mustaqeem A. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Warsame Rahma , Leung Nelson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree sets of criteria (International Society of Amyloidosis [ISA], Palladini and Kastritis) were independently developed for staging, progression and response criteria to predict renal survival in patients with AL amyloidosis. We evaluated these criteria using a cohort of 495 newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients with renal involvement using time to event competing risk analysis at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Only Palladini and Kastritis had a staging system and both predicted a higher risk of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the stage III vs stage I patients but only the Palladini model was predictive for stage II patients. At 3 months, risk of ESRD was significantly higher for Palladini and ISA renal progression (hazard ratio [HR] 2.8 [95% CI: 1.5–5.3, p = .001] and 2.5 [CI: 1.4–4.6, p = .004, respectively]), but renal response was not significantly protective; conversely, the risk of ESRD was not significantly higher for the Kastritis renal progression, but was significantly protective for the Kastritis renal responders (HR 0.38 [95% CI: 0.17–0.84], p = .017). Both progression and response with ISA, Palladini and Kastritis criteria were predictive of ESRD at 6 months and 12 months. While the Palladini staging criteria at baseline, and the ISA and Palladini criteria for progression at 3 months performed better than the Kastritis criteria at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment, the Kastritis criteria performed better for response 3 months after treatment. All three sets of criteria performed well at and after 6 months post‐treatment. These differences are important when choosing endpoints for clinical trials.