bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing lexical bundle use in EAP reading textbooks to lower-division university textbooks
Authors: Lynn Ethan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study employed a corpus analysis to describe differences in lexical bundle patterns between English for academic purposes (EAP) reading textbooks and lower-division university textbooks by focusing on three characteristics: (1) the frequency of occurrence of bundles, (2) the frequency of bundle structures (e.g., phrasal vs. clausal), and (3) the frequency of bundle discourse functions (e.g., stance, discourse organizers, and referential; see Biber et al., 2004; Biber, 2006). Results revealed that the corpus representing lower-division university textbooks employed more passive bundles, intangible framing bundles, and text deixis bundles. On the other hand, the corpus representing EAP reading textbooks contained more prepositional phrase bundles, anticipatory it bundles, and place bundles. A qualitative comparison also revealed that quantity bundles in the corpus representing lower-division university textbooks made reference to technical and academic calculations. These results show how the communicative purposes of EAP reading textbooks differ from introductory university textbooks, which can be used to inform EAP reading instruction.
Clinical features of large vessel vasculitis (LVV): Elderly-onset versus young-onset
Authors: Morinaka Satoshi , Tsuboi Hiroto , Hagiwara Shinya , Sugita Toshiki , Tabuchi Daiki , Sato Ryota , Nishiyama Taihei , Okamoto Shota , Terasaki Toshihiko , Yagishita Mizuki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kondo Yuya , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We compared large vessel vasculitis (LVV) clinical features between age groups.

Methods
We retrospectively examined clinical features and therapies in 41 LVV patients at our hospital from January 2010 to March 2020. We compared two patient groups, elderly (≥50 years) and young (&lt;50 years).

Results
Of all patients, 29 were elderly and 12 were young. In the younger group, upper extremity symptoms (p &lt;.05), bruits (p &lt;.01), and cardiovascular complications (p &lt;.01) were more common. Of the elderly group, 7 (24%) met classification criteria for giant cell arteritis while none of the younger group met these criteria; however, 10 (83%) of the younger group and 3 (10%) of the elderly group met the ACR classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis (p &lt;.01). In the elderly group, 16 patients (66%) met no criteria (p &lt;.01). There were no significant differences in laboratory findings but imaging showed a significantly higher incidence of head and neck artery lesions in the younger group (p &lt;.05). The younger group was more likely to receive additional tocilizumab (p &lt;.01) and cardiovascular complications were more likely to occur in younger patients (p &lt; .01).

Conclusion
LVV clinical features differed between elderly- and young-age-onset groups.
Classification theorem and properties of singular solutions to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation
Authors: Anastopoulos Charis , Savvidou Ntina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation admits singular solutions in addition to regular ones. Here, we prove the following theorem. For any equation of state that (i) is obtained from an entropy function, (ii) has positive pressure and (iii) satisfies the dominant energy condition, the TOV equation can be integrated from a boundary inwards to the center. Hence, the thermodynamic consistency of the EoS precludes pathological solutions in which the integration terminates at finite radius (because of horizons, or divergences / zeroes of energy density). At the center, the mass function either vanishes (regular solutions) or it is negative (singular solutions). For singular solutions, the metric at the center is locally isomorphic to negative-mass Schwarzschild spacetime. This means that matter is stabilized because the singularity is strongly repulsive. We show that singular solutions are causally well behaved: they are bounded-acceleration complete, and they are conformal to a globally hyperbolic spacetime with boundary. Finally, we show how to modify unphysical equations of state in order to obtain non-pathological solutions, and we undertake a preliminary investigation of dynamical stability for singular solutions.
Conditional STIRAP based on Rydberg blockade: entanglement fidelities in three- and four-level schemes
Authors: Cano Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the generation of quantum entanglement by means of conditional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) based on Rydberg blockade. The paper compares the entanglement fidelities in three-level and four-level schemes and analyzes the adiabatic conditions in both cases. In particular, Green–Horne–Zeilinger states can be deterministically generated in an atomic ensemble interacting with a single control atom.
The nuts and bolts of core-hole constrained ab initio simulation for K-shell x-ray photoemission and absorption spectra
Authors: Klein Benedikt P , Hall Samuel J , Maurer Reinhard J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
X-ray photoemission (XPS) and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy play an important role in investigating the structure and electronic structure of materials and surfaces. Ab initio simulations provide crucial support for the interpretation of complex spectra containing overlapping signatures. Approximate core-hole simulation methods based on density functional theory (DFT) such as the delta-self-consistent-field (ΔSCF) method or the transition potential (TP) method are widely used to predict K-shell XPS and NEXAFS signatures of organic molecules, inorganic materials and metal–organic interfaces at reliable accuracy and affordable computational cost. We present the numerical and technical details of our variants of the ΔSCF and TP method (coined ΔIP-TP) to simulate XPS and NEXAFS transitions. Using exemplary molecules in gas-phase, in bulk crystals, and at metal–organic interfaces, we systematically assess how practical simulation choices affect the stability and accuracy of simulations. These include the choice of exchange–correlation functional, basis set, the method of core-hole localization, and the use of periodic boundary conditions (PBC). We particularly focus on the choice of aperiodic or periodic description of systems and how spurious charge effects in periodic calculations affect the simulation outcomes. For the benefit of practitioners in the field, we discuss sensible default choices, limitations of the methods, and future prospects.
Modeling, measurement, and calibration of three-axis integrated aerial camera pointing errors
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhou Xiaoqin , Liu Qiang , Ma Meng , He Xiuzhi , Lin Jieqiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aerial cameras are currently widely used in various fields. However, traditional aerial cameras have certain limitations. We propose a new three-axis integrated aerial camera that can significantly improve imaging efficiency. Both traditional aerial cameras and three-axis integrated aerial cameras suffer from reductions in image quality due to mechanical errors. In this paper, we analyze the influence of mechanical errors on pointing errors and establish a pointing parametric model (PM) based on spatial coordinate transformation and ray tracing. We also consider how the presence of nonlinear errors in aerial cameras affects image quality, and propose a semi-parametric model (SPM) to compensate for nonlinear errors. The PM and the SPM can be used to calibrate the pointing of aerial cameras. In addition, we propose an improved measurement method that can gauge the pointing errors that occur when the three-axis integrated aerial camera rotates to different angles. The results prove that both the PM and the SPM can effectively calibrate the pointing of the aerial camera. Following calibration using the SPM, the pointing errors were greatly reduced. The mean was reduced by more than two orders of magnitude, and the variance was reduced by 99.95%. The SPM completes the pointing calibration better than the PM.
An approximation method combined with conformal transformation for the fast measurement of blade section curves
Authors: Lu Zhongyang , Zhao Ji , Yang Xu , Qu Xingtian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To realize high-precision machining of free-form blade surfaces, it is necessary to measure and reconstruct the blade morphology several times. Sampling measurements and data compression through free-curve approximation technology are of great benefit in shortening the processing time. A novel B-spline approximation method is proposed in this paper, which can determine a few dominant points based on curvature characteristics to approximate dense and noisy measured points with high precision. We adopt a unique adaptive knot placement strategy combined with a curvature dependent evaluation parameter and a conformal transformation method. This strategy is error-bounded in the initial knot placement, which greatly reduces the time consumed by subsequent iterative insertions. The proposed method shows advantages in approximation accuracy, compression rate, and especially in computational efficiency, in comparison with four traditional knot placement methods. Experiments were carried out and the results show that the dominant point selected by this method can replace the fine measurement results, and the compression rate of the measurement points can reach more than 90%. This method is suitable for the sampling measurement and compression of the data of blades, aircraft wings, and other similar free-form surfaces, and is especially suitable for solving the inefficiency problem caused by repeated measurements made in the process of iterative machining of aero-engine blades.
Packaging and high-temperature characterization of a 650 V, 150 A eGaN HEMT
Authors: Lu Shengchang , Burgos Rolando , Lu Guo-Quan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Among the salient features of gallium nitride (GaN) power semiconductor devices is their high-temperature capability. However, commercial GaN devices, such as the high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), are limited to 125 °C junction-temperature operation because of their packaging. To explore the high-temperature capability of GaN power devices, a commercial 650 V, 150 A enhancement-mode GaN HEMT chip was packaged by silver-sintering die-bonding on direct-bond-copper substrate and encapsulation in a high-temperature polymer enclosure filled with nitrogen. Static characteristics of the packaged GaN device were measured at temperatures up to 250 °C. The threshold voltage of the transistor at 250 °C decreased to around 0.9 V, about 30% lower than that at room temperature. At temperatures beyond 150 °C, the saturation current fell sharply below the rated current, resulting in a rapid rise in the on-resistance versus current. At 250 °C, the saturation current decreased rapidly to around 67 A, <45% of the rated current. The reverse leakage also increased sharply at temperatures beyond 150 °C. Although the packaged device was operational at 250 °C, one would need to significantly lower the expectations for its performance and address the challenges of packaging and thermal management if it were to be used in a high-temperature power converter.
A compact high frequency voltage amplifier for superconductor–semiconductor logic interface
Authors: Razmkhah Sasan , Bozbey Ali , Febvre Pascal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The many advantages of cryogenically cooled single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits imply that the high speed and low voltage output signals must be amplified and interfaced with standard electronics. State-of-the-art low-noise and wide-band amplifiers are required to interface with room temperature electronics. One solution is to place preamplifiers at the cryogenic stage, which requires specific semiconductor design and fabrication. However, a more viable and energy-efficient approach is to integrate the pulsed logic circuit output stages with on-chip superconductor preamplifiers. We designed, fabricated, and tested an on-chip compact voltage multiplier integrated with the output stage of SFQ circuits to increase the voltage amplitude of SFQ pulses. The circuit is designed with the same technology as the logic circuit hence its noise level is lower, and it works at higher frequencies compared to complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor amplifiers and due to quantized nature of it there is no added noise. The fabricated circuit has a compact size of 160 µm × 320 µm and provides about 10 dB gain with measured 600 µV output voltage at frequencies up to ∼25 GHz in simulations. By stacking more levels, over 20 dB gain at circuit level is achievable as shown in simulations. Moreover the gain of the superconductor voltage amplifier is quantized and programmable.
A Grover-search based quantum learning scheme for classification
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Hsieh Min-Hsiu , Liu Tongliang , Tao Dacheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The hybrid quantum–classical learning scheme provides a prominent way to achieve quantum advantages on near-term quantum devices. A concrete example toward this goal is the quantum neural network (QNN), which has been developed to accomplish various supervised learning tasks such as classification and regression. However, there are two central issues that remain obscure when QNN is exploited to accomplish classification tasks. First, a quantum classifier that can well balance the computational cost such as the number of measurements and the learning performance is unexplored. Second, it is unclear whether quantum classifiers can be applied to solve certain problems that outperform their classical counterparts. Here we devise a Grover-search based quantum learning scheme (GBLS) to address the above two issues. Notably, most existing QNN-based quantum classifiers can be seamlessly embedded into the proposed scheme. The key insight behind our proposal is reformulating the classification tasks as the search problem. Numerical simulations exhibit that GBLS can achieve comparable performance with other quantum classifiers under various noise settings, while the required number of measurements is dramatically reduced. We further demonstrate a potential quantum advantage of GBLS over classical classifiers in the measure of query complexity. Our work provides guidance to develop advanced quantum classifiers on near-term quantum devices and opens up an avenue to explore potential quantum advantages in various classification tasks.
Diagonal reflection symmetries and universal four-zero texture *
Authors: Yang Masaki J. S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a set of new symmetries in the SM: diagonal reflection symmetries

with

diag

. These generalized

symmetries predict the Majorana phases to be

or

. Realization of diagonal reflection symmetries implies a broken chiral

symmetry only for the first generation. The axion scale is suggested to be

[GeV]. By combining the symmetries with the four-zero texture, the mass eigenvalues and mixing matrices of quarks and leptons are reproduced well. This scheme predicts the normal hierarchy, the Dirac phase

and

or

[meV]. In this scheme, the type-I seesaw mechanism and a given neutrino Yukawa matrix

completely determine the structure of the right-handed neutrino mass

. A

unification predicts the mass eigenvalues to be

[GeV].
Cost optimization of a rectangular singly reinforced concrete beam by Generalized Reduced Gradient method
Authors: Markandeya Raju P , Manasa A , Rohini G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cost Optimization of a singly reinforced rectangular beam using GRG method is presented in this paper. The objective function is chosen as the overall cost of the beam given by the sum of the products of unit rates of steel and concrete in rupees per unit volume (m
3) with their volumes. 28 combinations of simply supported beams of different spans subjected to different point loads and uniformly distributed loads are analyzed using EXCEL Solver. The constraints are adopted to satisfy various guidelines as per IS 456:2000 code of practice.
Influence of glass fibres in stone mastic asphalt
Authors: Udaya Bhanu V , Pavan Kumar NVLN 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study in this paper examines the effect of fibres on the stability of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture in flexible pavement. Two types of fibres namely Class-C Glass fibres(Glass – C), and Alkali Resistant Glass Fiber(ARGF) were used in this investigation. From the results, it was found that the addition of glass fibres showed the improvement in the properties of the stone mastic asphalt mix. The addition of fibres at 0.4% with 6% binder content results in increased stability values and low draindown values.
Change detection analysis in LULC of the upstream Thandava reservoir using RS and GIS applications
Authors: Ramanamurthy B V , Vijayasaradhi B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Change detection is a time series process to analyze Land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes within a specific period. This analysis will help to take the necessary decisions for policymakers. In this study for this purpose, we collect the data in the form of topographical maps from Survey of India (SOI), Satellite remote sensing data from USGS (United States Geological Survey) and software like Arc GIS 10.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 were used for analyzing the data between the periods of 1995-2008, 2008-2020 and 1995-2020. The study area was classified into eight land use and land cover categories based on the most likelihood classified approach and quantifying the changes in the above mentioned period time. It was observed that the forest area has vanished and barren land was increased during 1995-2020.
Various resonance lineshapes available in a single microring resonator
Authors: Xu Yameng , Li Jiaxuan , Kong Mei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To accommodate different application requirements, resonances of microring resonator (MRR)-based devices have been developed into various lineshapes, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, electromagnetically induced absorption, and Fano lineshapes. However, these lineshapes are mainly achieved in large-footprint structures demanding precise control. Under such context, this work investigates the formation of various resonance lineshapes in a single MRR with two partially reflecting elements incorporated into the bus waveguide. The transfer matrix model of the compact structure is established with the reflective wave in the MRR included. It is revealed that the abundant resonance lineshapes originate from the mode-coupling between the Fabry–Perot cavity and the MRR. Based on this model, the formation of each resonance lineshape is analyzed. The conditions under which each resonance lineshape can occur are identified and the characteristics of these resonance lineshapes are studied. In addition, the significant role of the reflective wave in the formation of these lineshapes is emphasized. Under the theoretical guidance of the presented work, various resonance lineshapes can be achieved and designed flexibly in a single MRR. Thus, the lineshapes required for a range of applications can be realized in a simple and reproducible MRR.
Analysis of anapole resonators in low index materials
Authors: Damaso Nicholas Joel , White Simon J U , Kim Sejeong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Photonic cavities are valued in current research owing to the multitude of linear and nonlinear effects arising from densely confined light. Cavity designs consisting of low loss dielectric materials can achieve significant light confinement. Until now, the basic concepts in all-dielectric photonics such as anapole resonances have been primarily studied in high index materials. Here, we use photonic simulation to propose fabricable designs for higher confinement in low index dielectric cavities by incorporating the extensively studied isolated dielectric nanodisk into broader host structures. We further discuss on hexagonal boron nitride nanodisks for their potential use in quantum and nanophotonics applications.
Effect of support material on the electrocatalytic activity of palladium Nanoparticle toward hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Woldetinsay Mengistu , Soreta Tesfaye R , Maiyalagan Thandavarayan , Femi Olu Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Support materials are very crucial in noble metal electrocatalyst synthesis. They improve the catalytic activity of the noble metal by increasing their conductivity, surface area, and interactions. This report investigates the effect of support material on palladium nanoparticles’ electrochemical activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction. The structural and morphological study was conducted using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) that confirmed the support material has a significant effect on the structure of nanocomposite. The hydrogen evolution (HER) performance of the synthesized electrocatalyst was evaluated in 0.5 M H2SO4. The Pd-Ni/g-C3N4 has higher catalytic activity with a lower overpotential of 55 mV at 10 mA cm2 current density and Tafel slope value 56 mV.dec−1 than other support material studied. The overpotential at 10 mA cm2 and Tafel slope value for electrocatalyst studied respectively are:- Pd/MoS2/CB( 78 mV at 10 mA cm2 and 57 mV.dec−1), Pd/g-C3N4(105 mV at 10 mA cm2 and 69 mV.dec−1) and Pd/CB(117 mV at 10 mA cm2 and 68 mV.dec−1). The impedance spectroscopy study shows Pd-Ni/g-C3N4 demonstrated the smallest semicircle. Further, the Chronoamparometry(CP) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) stability study of the highest performing electrocatalyst demonstrates negligible loss in current density for 12 h and minor change in the polarization curve after10,000 cycles. This study shows how the support material influences noble metal catalysts’ activity and stability via the support- metal interactions.
Thermotropic liquid crystals with low-dimensional carbon allotropes
Authors: Draude Adam P , Dierking Ingo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As display devices based on liquid crystals have matured over the last decades, liquid crystal research has shifted its priorities in slightly different directions, such as sensors, photonics, nanotechnology and even more biologically related fields like drug delivery. This implied a change of emphasis in the development of novel materials, of which a completely new class of liquid crystal based composites emerged, that of nanoparticle-dispersed liquid crystals. The underlying ideas were to add functionality, while maintaining switchability, and the exploitation of liquid crystal self-organisation to build hierarchical nanostructures. Of particular interest for applications are dispersions of carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerenes, nanotubes and the graphene variants, due to their interactions with conventional liquid crystals. While such systems have been investigated for the past two decades, we concentrate in this review on the effects of dimensionality of the dispersed carbon nanoparticles, which goes hand in hand with the more recent developments in this field. Examples are the doping of 0D fullerenes in liquid crystals and implications for Blue Phase stability, or 1D nanotubes in nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals, questions of dispersibility and applications as alignment media in ITO-free devices. Graphene (2D) and especially graphene oxide are mainly investigated for their formation of lyotropic liquid crystals. We here discuss the more recent aspects of dispersion in thermotropics.