bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electrochemically actuated drug delivery device with in-situ dosage sensing
Authors: Yi Ying , Chiao Mu , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Very few conventional micro-electro-mechanical systems as drug delivery devices have in-situ dosage monitoring sensors, this thus brings inaccurate released dose, which results in either inefficient pharmaceutical effects or over-dose induced side effects. In this work, we integrate a low-cost piezoresistive sensor with an electrochemically actuated drug delivery device, and investigate its dosage monitoring performance. Different from the conventional sensor fabrication based on mixing conductive particles into liquid polymer, our proposed sensor is constructed from solidified carbon ink film embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which can obtain an optimum tradeoff between the gauge factor and maximum achievable displacement. An electrolytic reaction induces the electrolysis-bubble in the actuator chamber with an increase in pressure, which causes displacement of the PDMS sealing membrane. This provides the actuation force to deliver the drug solution. The displacement of the PDMS membrane that determines the pumped volume of the drug solution is quantified through a resistance change of the embedded piezoresistive sensor. We report a single pumping volume of up to 7 μl, which is monitored by the resistance change ratio (ΔR/R), ranging from 2% to 12% with a dosage sensing accuracy of ±6.5%.
Study of the optical response and coherence of a quadratically coupled optomechanical system
Authors: Kundu Akash , Jin Chao , Peng Jia-Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we theoretically investigate a quadratically coupled optomechanical system with a two-level atom. At steady-state, we examine the variation of transmission intensity with various parameters of the system as well as investigate the transmission in lower/upper sidebands. Moreover, taking into account the quantum fluctuations, we extend our investigation towards the study of quantum coherence for the optomechanical system. The result shows that the coherence inside the proposed cavity can be efficiently controlled by varying atom-to-photon coupling and modified optical detuning. We also discuss and provide a physical explanation of why the atomic coherence can surpass the optical and mechanical ones.
Proca in the sky
Authors: Heisenberg Lavinia , Villarrubia-Rojo Hector 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The standard model of cosmology, the ΛCDM model, describes the evolution of the
Universe since the Big Bang with just a few parameters, six in its basic form.
Despite being the simplest model, direct late-time measurements of the Hubble
constant compared with the early-universe measurements result in the so-called H0 tension.
It is claimed that a late time resolution is predestined to fail
when different cosmological probes are combined. In this work, we shake the ground
of this belief with a very simple model.
We show how, in the context of cubic vector Galileon models, the Hubble tension
can naturally be relieved using a combination of CMB, BAO and SNe observations without
using any prior on H0. The tension can be reduced even further by including the local
measurement of the Hubble constant.
Analytic formula for the dynamics around inflation end and implications on primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Ito Asuka , Soda Jiro , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We argue that primordial gravitational waves have a spectral break and
its information is quite useful for exploring the early universe.
Indeed, such a spectral break can be a fingerprint of the end of
inflation, and the amplitude and the frequency at the break can tell us
the energy scale of inflation and the reheating temperature
simultaneously. In order to investigate the spectral break, we give an
analytic formula for evolution of the Hubble parameter around the end of
inflation where the slow roll approximation breaks down. We also
evaluate the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves around the
break point semi-analytically using the analytic formula for the
inflation dynamics.
Constraining the inflationary potential with spectral distortions
Authors: Schöneberg Nils , Lucca Matteo , Hooper Deanna C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Measuring spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) will provide new constraints on previously unexplored scales of the primordial power spectrum, allowing us to extend the probed parameter space by several orders of magnitude in k-space, which could have significant implications in the context of primordial black holes and gravitational waves, among others. Here we discuss how various models of inflation can be tightly constrained by the combination of current and future CMB SD and anisotropy experiments. In particular, we investigate the constraining power of SD experiments such as FIRAS, PIXIE, and PRISM in conjunction with CMB anisotropy probes such as Planck or CMB-S4 plus LiteBIRD. Building on the latest version of the Boltzmann solver class (v3.0), here we also consistently marginalize over the possible galactic and extra-galactic foregrounds for the SD missions. With this numerical setup, we are able to realistically forecast the improvements that the increased lever-arm provided by the addition of the various SD missions will bring for several combinations of the aforementioned experiments. As a result, in all considered models we observe that SDs provide a highly significant tightening of the constraints by up to 640%, and increase the figure of merit up to a factor of around 1600.
Offline Correction of Atmospheric Effects on Single-dish Radio Spectroscopy
Authors: Sawada Tsuyoshi , Chang Chin-Shin , Francke Harold , Gomez Laura , Mangum Jeffrey G. , Miyamoto Yusuke , Nakazato Takeshi , Nishie Suminori , Phillips Neil M. , Shimajiri Yoshito , Sugimoto Kanako 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a method to mitigate the atmospheric effects (residual atmospheric lines) in single-dish radio spectroscopy caused by the elevation difference between the target and reference positions. The method is developed as a script using the Atmospheric Transmission at Microwaves (ATM) library built into the Common Astronomy Software Applications (CASA) package. We apply the method to the data taken with the Total Power Array of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The intensities of the residual atmospheric (mostly O3) lines are suppressed by, typically, an order of magnitude for the tested cases. The parameters for the ATM model can be optimized to minimize the residual line and, for a specific O3 line at 231.28 GHz, a seasonal dependence of a best-fitting model parameter is demonstrated. The method will be provided as a task within the CASA package in the near future. The atmospheric removal method we developed can be used by any radio/millimeter/submillimeter observatory to improve the quality of its spectroscopic measurements.
Realization and evaluation of the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride
Authors: Li Ting , Sun Jianping , Wang Hongjun , Yang Inseok , Hao Xiaopeng , Pan Jiang , Yang Jinnan , Ruan Yiming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we realized the triple point (TP) temperature of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China. To this end, we designed an iso-thermal and immersion type apparatus with an open cell with a height of 18 cm, diameter of 5 cm, and a capacity of approximately 275 ml. The cell was designed with four thermometer wells for the simultaneous temperature measurements with four standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs). The cell is connected with two buffer tanks that allow a sufficient amount of SF6 to surround the thermometer wells during the solidification and melting processes to ensure stable temperature plateaus with long durations. An SF6 sample with a purity of 99.9997%, which is the highest purity currently available, was supplied and analyzed from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. The SF6 TP temperature was determined using four long-stem SPRTs. The melting plateaus obtained had a duration longer than 15 h, and the TP temperature of SF6 was determined to be 223.556 03(54) K (k = 1). These results are consistent with those of previous studies and further indicate that the SF6 TP is a good candidate to replace mercury TP, which is one of the fixed points defined in the International Temperature Scale of 1990, for the calibration of SPRTs.
Numerical simulation of coalescence and break-up of drops in shear flow based on the meshless localized radial basis function method
Authors: Pranowo  , Tri Wijayanta Agung , Itaya Yoshinori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, the meshless localized radial basis function (RBF) is proposed for simulating of two-phase incompressible viscous flow. Due to the velocity of the shear flow is very low, the fluid can modeled by Stokes equations. For more convenience the primitive variables, i.e., pressure and velocity components of the Stokes equations are transformed into stream function formulation. The interface of the fluid system is modeled by using Cahn-Hilliard equation. The spatial terms of the governing equations are discretized numerically by using the RBF method. The temporal term is integrated by using fully implicit Euler method. The nonlinear terms of Cahn-Hilliard equation is linearized using the Picard iteration. The proposed method is applied to simulate coalescence and break-up of drops in shear flow. The numerical results show that the deformation of the interface can be modeled without any difficulties.
Determination of Groundwater Potential in Pulutan Wetan Village Wuryantoro District Wonogiri Using Vertical Electrical Sounding Method
Authors: Amalia Khusna Iin , Koesuma Sorja , Darsono  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Pulutan Village is in the karst area consisting mostly of limestone so that during the dry season will cause drought. Drought caused by water is located below the surface so it is difficult to take and known location, it is necessary to investigate the presence of aquifer. The study aims to find out the structures beneath the surface, the depth of the aquifer, and to get cross-section results in 3-dimensional form. The method used in this research is the method of geoelectric resistivity with Schlumberger configuration using the 3 points sounding. The results of the study were obtained that aquifer is located on a coating of tuff sandstone with a resistivity between 2.40 ňm to 4.15 ňm. The second Sounding point, it is known that there is a large prospect of groundwater visible from the thickness of the aquifer layer.
The Influence of Non-Collinear Electrodes Arrangement on a Two-dimensional Resistivity Survey Using Wenner Array
Authors: Mohammed M A , Muztaza N M , Saad R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conventional protocols employed by various multi-electrode resistivity systems are designed with the assumption that the survey lines are straight to ensure collinear electrode pairs. However, as most survey areas are characterized by surface constraints, it is rarely possible to carry out two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2-DERT) measurement on a straight line. Therefore, 2-DERT surveys conducted on a surface constraint field requires shifting of some electrodes off the survey line, which implies a non-collinear electrodes arrangement. Hence, the result of such a survey is prone to false anomalies and in turn, wrong interpretation. This article aims to uncover the potential effect of non-collinear electrodes arrangement on 2-D resistivity survey. To achieve this goal, the data was acquired in four phases using Wenner array with all electrodes inline, one offline, two offline and three offline at stepwise distances, respectively. The inverse resistivity models obtained revealed slight to distinct variation of anomalies as two or more electrodes are offline at a distance >½ the minimum electrode spacing.
Geoelectrical survey and cone penetration test data for groundwater potential determination around Gatot Subroto Street, Banjarmasin
Authors: Archie Antareza Muhammad , Wafi Abdurrahman , Lasmana Yudi , Mariyanto Mariyanto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Subsurface condition evaluation is often relied to answer various necessities in a community, such as groundwater potential determination as a source of water supply. One of the most utilized method for this purpose is the geoelectrical method due to its efficiency, cost effectivity, and non-invasive nature. Geoelectrical method can also be used in tandem with geotechnical method, such as the Cone Penetration Test (CPT). In this study, a geoelectrical survey has been conducted in Gatot Subroto Street, Balikpapan. The survey uses 3 geoelectrical configurations: Dipole-Dipole, Wenner-Alpha, and Wenner-Schlumberger, which was performed using MAE type X-612EM+ with 24 electodes and 2 m spacing between electrodes. Soil quality assessment has also been conducted at the location from 0 to 29 m of depth using CPT. After geoelectrical survey had been done, the data would then be interpreted along with CPT data to project subsurface condition around the studied location. Based on the observation of the geoelectrical survey up to 6 m of depth, there are areas showing low resistivity value of <100 Ωm, characterizing that the layer is dominated by clay. In addition, groundwater potential is also found at a depth of ±2 m and characterized by a very low resistivity value of < 1.7 Ωm. Furthermore, CPT data classifies the soil layer from 0 to 19.40 m as very soft clay. These results infer strong correlation between geoelectrical and CPT data at the observed location.
Analytical comparison of electrode configuration on 2D geoelectric method for identification of water seepage in the lake body
Authors: Dwimanggala Tjiongnotoputera Kevin , Wafi Abdurrahman , Syarif Setiawan Nugroho , Mariyanto Mariyanto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The geoelectric method is a geophysical method based on the resistivity value of the material. The resistivity value gives an overview of the structure found at the observation site. The electrode configurations used are the Dipole-Dipole, Wenner-Alpha, Wenner-Schlumberger, and Pole-Dipole. The analytical measurement was carried out in the lake body with a track length of 48 meters. From the measurement results, we obtained a seepage of water in the lake body with a resistivity value <5 Ohmmeters. The observation site is dominated by clay type structure, which is found almost in all of the results of the geoelectric electrode configuration. Based on the results of the structural overview shows that the type of electrode configuration has advantages and disadvantages. The Wenner-Schlumberger configuration is very detailed with per layer structure and distribution but has the longest measurement time. Dipole-Dipole configuration has the advantage of being very sensitive to changes in vertical structure and the fastest measurement time, but not very good in horizontal structures. The Wenner-Alpha method is very sensitive to horizontal structural changes and has a moderate measurement time, but less sensitive to vertical structure changes. The pole-dipole configuration has a fast time and a moderate level of sensitivity at shallow depth. Based on the results, the Dipole-Dipole method is highly recommended because of the fast measurement time and the position of seepage can be found easier than the other methods.
The Electrical Resistivity Tomography Technique for Landslide Characterization in Blangkejeren Aceh
Authors: Zainal Muzakir , Munir Badrul , Marwan  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Investigation of geophysical methods describes elements and geological geometry based on the physical properties of the subsurface. In the past decade, the application of resistivity methods has experienced a rapid increase in describing geological structures and settings. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography technique used to describe the geometry of a complex landslide in Blangkejeren, Aceh province, Indonesia. This area is highly influenced by the landscape with slopes, high-rainfall, and tectonic activity of the Sumatran fault which can lead to soil movement. The type of landslides in this area is largely controlled by geo-structural characteristics; rotational and translational slides, as well as the phenomenon of the gravitational slope of high steepness. As a preliminary study, the acquisition of resistivity data was conducted at two locations with a length of each measuring path 330 meters and electrodes spacing 6 meters. The Supersting R8/IP instrument unit with Wenner-Schlumberger array is used to obtain data that has a sensitivity to vertical and lateral changes. The resistivity distribution along the path is obtained from both profiles that are perpendicular to the landslide field. ERT modeling results at both locations showed subsurface structures based on resistivity values such as; slate, clay, and sandy clay. The contrast resistivity between each layer makes it easier to describe the characteristics of the landslide slip plane geometry which is affected by the slope angle. The resistivity method has physical properties that are very sensitive to porosity and groundwater which is the main parameter in a landslide. Finally, it should be noted that the use of the ERT technique as an effective and efficient method in conducting landslide studies as a disaster mitigation effort.
Development of Inhomogeneity Measurement System for Type T Thermocouple with Local Heating Method
Authors: Nugraha Heri , Prajitno Prawito , Achmadi Aditya , Sindhu Tistomo Arfan , Sukarto Wismogroho Agus , Imaduddin Agung , Dwi Yudanto Sigit , Herbirowo Satrio , Hendrik  , Roberto Rahadian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The voltage of thermocouple during process contribution is determined by the absolute thermal electromotive force coefficient in each wire and the temperature difference across the section. This paper described the development of a system as a local heating method for measurements of inhomogeneities in type T thermocouples with various temperature scanning using hot air. The system could control automatically measurement voltage, temperature, distance, and speed of the stepper motor for moving the hot air scanning along with the thermocouple and control with temperature monitoring. Both the measuring and reference junctions were using an ice bath kept at 0 °C. In this paper calculation of interpretation of the measurement results of inhomogeneity using movable heating zone system of type T thermocouples and the system could detected inhomogeneity of thermocouple and there have different characteristics of voltage and seebeck effect.
Photoplethysmogram peaks detection based on moving window integration and threshold for heart rate calculation on android smartphone
Authors: Utomo T P , Nuryani N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a photoplethysmogram peaks detection and heart rate calculation on android smartphone. Photoplethysmogram signal is obtained and extracted from a video stream of fingertip that is taken from smartphone camera. Then, photoplethysmogram peak is detected based on moving window integration and threshold. The heart rate value is calculated from the detected peak. We design an Android Application for processing photoplethysmogram data and calculating the Heart Rate. The photoplethysmogram signal and detected peak could be saved in smartphone’s storage and uploaded to the existing database. Peak detection and peak to peak time interval calculation are successfully conducted. The performance of the peak detection is calculated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive. Positive predictive, accuracy, and sensitivity of peak detection are 99.19%, 92.45%, 93.17%, respectively.
SNR on the Four Probe Measurement System at Earth Surface
Authors: Hidayat Samsul , Santoso Didik R , Maryanto Sukir , Nadhir Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the real world, the presence of noise is undeniable. Electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature changes, atomic structures, and so forth are contributing to the reality and the magnitude of noise. Data acquisition of physical quantities in nature is always needed, which subsequently is required for the interpretation in the laboratory. For this reason, the presence of noise needs to be eliminated or known. In the four-probe measurement system, the two electrodes are injecting current, while the other two electrodes are used for acquisition of the arising voltage. The voltage that arises is greatly influenced by the natural environment and the conductor cables, which are usually in long spans and unprotected. For this reason, noise minimization is very needed. This study aims to compare several types of conductors in reducing noise and reducing attenuation. The study was conducted in an open field with a 20-meter cable, and the front-end amplifier was varied to get the highest SNR.
nRF24L01 Distance and Error Link when Operated on Orange Plant Garden
Authors: Bayu Adetya Falen , Hidayat Samsul , Al Fansyuri Buyung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The environmental conditions of the plantation area significantly affect the quantity and quality of fruit. Not only that, but the survival of plants will also be supported by the support of environmental conditions. Nowadays, wireless technology is proliferating. Wi-fi, remote control, cell phones are wireless technology products. Wireless technology was developed on the use of electromagnetic waves as a career for the data transmission. Electromagnetic waves are strongly influenced by the medium in its propagation but do not need a medium to propagate. Data will not be received/sent if electromagnetic waves are obstructed. Buildings, metal plates, leaves, trees will provide different attenuation of the electromagnetic waves. Wireless technology is beneficial if applied in plantation areas. In this study, research has been conducted on data errors due to the environment and distances that are out of reach. The primary device as a sender and receiver of data is the nRF24L01 module, which works at 2.4 GHz frequency. Data cannot be sent/received at close range because it is blocked by a building, and can reach one kilometer when used on the outskirts of the Malang Balitjestro orange plantation.
Design a battery management system (BMS) with an automatic cut off system on LFP (LiFePO4) battery type for powerbank application
Authors: Nur Putra Agustina Muhammad , Dwijo Sutomo Artono , Widiyandari Hendri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A battery is a cell device that can store energy and be converted into a constant voltage. Overcharging and over-discharging conditions on the battery are often a problem. This research designed a Battery Management System (BMS) to monitor battery performance with an automatic Cut Off system. The prototype system uses a voltage divider circuit in the voltage measurement process, one channel relay as the process of cutting off the electric current and Arduino UNO microcontroller as a data processor. Testing on five cell LiFePO4 (LFP) 3.2 volt battery with 1200 mAh capacity using the charging and discharging method in measuring the battery voltage. The results of measuring the voltage in the charging process take 2 hours 25 minutes to reach a voltage of 3.26 V obtained an average error value of each cell measurement of 0.44%. While the discharging process, to reach the voltage of 2.00 V, required an emptying time of 7 hours 15 minutes for output without step-up and 2 hours 46 minutes for the output with step-up obtained an average measurement error value of each cell 1.11% and 1.39%.