bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-assisted tracking of worldwide non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19
Authors: Suryanarayanan Parthasarathy , Tsou Ching-Huei , Poddar Ananya , Mahajan Diwakar , Dandala Bharath , Madan Piyush , Agrawal Anshul , Wachira Charles , Samuel Osebe Mogaka , Bar-Shira Osnat , Kipchirchir Clifton , Okwako Sharon , Ogallo William , Otieno Fred , Nyota Timothy , Matu Fiona , Barros Vesna Resende , Shats Daniel , Kagan Oren , Remy Sekou , Bent Oliver , Guhan Pooja , Mahatma Shilpa , Walcott-Bryant Aisha , Pathak Divya , Rosen-Zvi Michal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has transformed almost every facet of human society throughout the world. Against an emerging, highly transmissible disease, governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to slow the spread of the virus. Examples of such interventions include community actions, such as school closures or restrictions on mass gatherings, individual actions including mask wearing and self-quarantine, and environmental actions such as cleaning public facilities. We present the Worldwide Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Tracker for COVID-19 (WNTRAC), a comprehensive dataset consisting of over 6,000 NPIs implemented worldwide since the start of the pandemic. WNTRAC covers NPIs implemented across 261 countries and territories, and classifies NPIs into a taxonomy of 16 NPI types. NPIs are automatically extracted daily from Wikipedia articles using natural language processing techniques and then manually validated to ensure accuracy and veracity. We hope that the dataset will prove valuable for policymakers, public health leaders, and researchers in modeling and analysis efforts to control the spread of COVID-19.
Preferred orientations of garnet porphyroblasts reveal previously cryptic templating during nucleation
Authors: Nagurney Alexandra B. , Caddick Mark J. , Pattison David R. M. , Michel F. Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectron back scattered diffraction data of garnet crystals from the Nelson Aureole, British Columbia and the Mosher’s Island formation, Nova Scotia, reveals that 22 garnet crystals are all oriented with one of three crystal directions parallel to the trace of the foliation plane in thin section. Structural models suggest that these relationships are due to preferential garnet nucleation onto muscovite, with the alignment of repeating rows of Al octahedra and Si tetrahedra in each leading to inheritance of garnet orientation from the muscovite. These results highlight that epitaxial nucleation may be a prevalent process by which porphyroblast minerals nucleate during metamorphism and carry implications for the role that non-classic nucleation pathways play in the crystallization of metamorphic minerals, the distribution of porphyroblasts in metamorphic rocks, and, in cases in which nucleation is the rate limiting step for crystallization, the energetics of metamorphic reactions.
An observational study of anaerobic bacteria in cystic fibrosis lung using culture dependant and independent approaches
Authors: Lamoureux Claudie , Guilloux Charles-Antoine , Beauruelle Clémence , Gouriou Stéphanie , Ramel Sophie , Dirou Anne , Le Bihan Jean , Revert Krista , Ropars Thomas , Lagrafeuille Rosyne , Vallet Sophie , Le Berre Rozenn , Nowak Emmanuel , Héry-Arnaud Geneviève 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStrict anaerobes are undeniably important residents of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung but are still unknowns. The main objectives of this study were to describe anaerobic bacteria diversity in CF airway microbiota and to evaluate the association with lung function. An observational study was conducted during eight months. A hundred and one patients were enrolled in the study, and 150 sputum samples were collected using a sterile sample kit designed to preserve anaerobic conditions. An extended-culture approach on 112 sputa and a molecular approach (quantitative PCR targeting three of the main anaerobic genera in CF lung: Prevotella, Veillonella, and Fusobacterium) on 141 sputa were developed. On culture, 91.1% of sputa were positive for at least one anaerobic bacterial species, with an average of six anaerobic species detected per sputum. Thirty-one anaerobic genera and 69 species were found, which is the largest anaerobe diversity ever reported in CF lungs. Better lung function (defined as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second > 70%) was significantly associated with higher quantification of Veillonella. These results raise the question of the potential impact of anaerobes on lung function.
White matter alterations in glaucoma and monocular blindness differ outside the visual system
Authors: Hanekamp Sandra , Ćurčić-Blake Branislava , Caron Bradley , McPherson Brent , Timmer Anneleen , Prins Doety , Boucard Christine C. , Yoshida Masaki , Ida Masahiro , Hunt David , Jansonius Nomdo M. , Pestilli Franco , Cornelissen Frans W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe degree to which glaucoma has effects in the brain beyond the eye and the visual pathways is unclear. To clarify this, we investigated white matter microstructure (WMM) in 37 tracts of patients with glaucoma, monocular blindness, and controls. We used brainlife.io for reproducibility. White matter tracts were subdivided into seven categories ranging from those primarily involved in vision (the visual white matter) to those primarily involved in cognition and motor control. In the vision tracts, WMM was decreased as measured by fractional anisotropy in both glaucoma and monocular blind subjects compared to controls, suggesting neurodegeneration due to reduced sensory inputs. A test–retest approach was used to validate these results. The pattern of results was different in monocular blind subjects, where WMM properties increased outside the visual white matter as compared to controls. This pattern of results suggests that whereas in the monocular blind loss of visual input might promote white matter reorganization outside of the early visual system, such reorganization might be reduced or absent in glaucoma. The results provide indirect evidence that in glaucoma unknown factors might limit the reorganization as seen in other patient groups following visual loss.
In situ activation graphitization to fabricate hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn situ activation–graphitization method based on the atomically dispersed K and Fe in organic salts is developed to synthesize hierarchical porous graphitic carbon by directly pyrolysis potassium citrate and iron citrate. Moreover, (NH4)2C2O4 is also employed as both N dopant and porogen to open up internal structure and regulate pore structure. The inside-out activation leads to the homogeneous reaction and interconnected hierarchical porous structure with few dead pores. Accompanied by high specific surface area, appropriate pore distribution, good conductivity, and N/O functional groups, the sample exhibits high capacitance of 322.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with 101.5% capacitance retention after 15,000 cycles. The supercapacitor shows an energy density of 21.3 W h kg−1 at 456.7 W kg−1 in 1 M Na2SO4. Easy synthesis, cost-effective, and environmentally benign, the work provides a promising strategy to produce hierarchical porous graphitic carbon applied in energy storage.
Genome-wide characterization and analysis of bHLH transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in spine grapes (Vitis davidii)
Authors: Li Ming , Sun Lei , Gu Hong , Cheng Dawei , Guo XiZhi , Chen Rui , Wu Zhiyong , Jiang Jianfu , Fan Xiucai , Chen Jinyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs one of the largest transcription factor family, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family plays an important role in plant metabolism, physiology and growth. Berry color is one of the important factors that determine grape quality. However, the bHLH transcription factor family’s function in anthocyanin synthesis of grape berry has not been studied systematically. We identified 115 bHLH transcription factors in grape genome and phylogenetic analysis indicated that bHLH family could be classified into 25 subfamilies. First, we screened six candidate genes by bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. We found one of the candidate genes VdbHLH037 belonged to III (f) subfamily and interacted with genes related to anthocyanin synthesis through phylogenetic analysis and interaction network prediction. Therefore, we speculated that VdbHLH037 participated in the anthocyanin synthesis process. To confirm this, we transiently expressed VdbHLH037 in grape and Arabidopsis transformation. Compared with the control, transgenic materials can accumulate more anthocyanins. These results provide a good base to study the function of the VdbHLH family in anthocyanin synthesis of grape berry.
Long-term changes in the small-world organization of brain networks after concussion
Authors: Churchill N. W. , Hutchison M. G. , Graham S. J. , Schweizer T. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a growing body of literature using functional MRI to study the acute and long-term effects of concussion on functional brain networks. To date, studies have largely focused on changes in pairwise connectivity strength between brain regions. Less is known about how concussion affects whole-brain network topology, particularly the “small-world” organization which facilitates efficient communication at both local and global scales. The present study addressed this knowledge gap by measuring local and global efficiency of 26 concussed athletes at acute injury, return to play (RTP) and one year post-RTP, along with a cohort of 167 athletic controls. On average, concussed athletes showed no alterations in local efficiency but had elevated global efficiency at acute injury, which had resolved by RTP. Athletes with atypically long recovery, however, had reduced global efficiency at 1 year post-RTP, suggesting long-term functional abnormalities for this subgroup. Analyses of nodal efficiency further indicated that global network changes were driven by high-efficiency visual and sensorimotor regions and low-efficiency frontal and subcortical regions. This study provides evidence that concussion causes subtle acute and long-term changes in the small-world organization of the brain, with effects that are related to the clinical profile of recovery.
Using the near field optical trapping effect of a dielectric metasurface to improve SERS enhancement for virus detection
Authors: Kenworthy Cameron F. , Pjotr Stoevelaar L. , Alexander Andrew J. , Gerini Giampiero 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we report the effect of optical trapping on the enhancement factor for Raman spectroscopy, using a dielectric metasurface. It was found that a higher enhancement factor (up to 275%) can be obtained in a substrate immersed in water, where particles are freee to move, compared to a dried substrate, where the particles (radius $$r=9$$

r
=
9

nm, refractive index $$n=1.58$$

n
=
1.58

) are fixed on the surface. The highest enhancement is obtained at low concentrations because, this case, the particles are trapped preferentially in the regions of highest electric field (hotspots). For high concentrations, it was observed that the hotspots become saturated with particles and that additional particles are forced to occupy regions of lower field. The dielectric metasurface offers low optical absorption compared to conventional gold substrates. This aspect can be important for temperature-sensitive applications. The method shows potential for applications in crystal nucleation, where high solute supersaturation can be achieved near the high-field regions of the metasurface. The high sensitivity for SERS (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) at low analyte concentrations makes the proposed method highly promising for detection of small biological particles, such as proteins or viruses.
Toxicity of the insecticide sulfoxaflor alone and in combination with the fungicide fluxapyroxad in three bee species
Authors: Azpiazu C. , Bosch J. , Bortolotti L. , Medrzycki P. , Teper D. , Molowny-Horas R. , Sgolastra F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor is regarded as a potential substitute for neonicotinoids that were recently banned in the EU due to their side effects on bees. Like neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor acts as a competitive modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In agricultural environments, bees are commonly exposed to combinations of pesticides, and neonicotinoids are known to interact synergistically with fungicides. The objective of our study is to assess the acute oral toxicity of sulfoxaflor alone and in combination with a single dose of fluxapyroxad, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, in three bee species:Apis mellifera,Bombus terrestrisandOsmia bicornis. Because synergism may be dose-dependent, we tested a range of sulfoxaflor doses. Synergistic effects were assessed using three different approaches: Bliss criterion of drugs independence, ratio test comparing LD50s and model deviation ratio.Osmia bicorniswas the most sensitive species to sulfoxaflor and bothO. bicornisandA. melliferashowed significant synergism between the insecticide and the fungicide. For the most part, these synergistic effects were weak and only occurred at early assessment times and intermediate sulfoxaflor doses. The potential ecological relevance of these effects should be confirmed in field and/or cage studies. Overall, our laboratory results demonstrate that sulfoxaflor is somewhat less toxic than the recently banned neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, but much more toxic than other neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, thiacloprid) still in use in the EU at the time this study was conducted.
Novel structure in the nuclei of honey bee brain neurons revealed by immunostaining
Authors: Hurd Paul J. , Grübel Kornelia , Wojciechowski Marek , Maleszka Ryszard , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the course of a screen designed to produce antibodies (ABs) with affinity to proteins in the honey bee brain we found an interesting AB that detects a highly specific epitope predominantly in the nuclei of Kenyon cells (KCs). The observed staining pattern is unique, and its unfamiliarity indicates a novel previously unseen nuclear structure that does not colocalize with the cytoskeletal protein f-actin. A single rod-like assembly, 3.7–4.1 µm long, is present in each nucleus of KCs in adult brains of worker bees and drones with the strongest immuno-labelling found in foraging bees. In brains of young queens, the labelling is more sporadic, and the rod-like structure appears to be shorter (~ 2.1 µm). No immunostaining is detectable in worker larvae. In pupal stage 5 during a peak of brain development only some occasional staining was identified. Although the cellular function of this unexpected structure has not been determined, the unusual distinctiveness of the revealed pattern suggests an unknown and potentially important protein assembly. One possibility is that this nuclear assembly is part of the KCs plasticity underlying the brain maturation in adult honey bees. Because no labelling with this AB is detectable in brains of the fly Drosophila melanogaster and the ant Camponotus floridanus, we tentatively named this antibody AmBNSab (Apis mellifera Brain Neurons Specific antibody). Here we report our results to make them accessible to a broader community and invite further research to unravel the biological role of this curious nuclear structure in the honey bee central brain.
Analysis of the response of the cell membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the detoxification of common lignocellulosic inhibitors
Authors: López Pau Cabaneros , Peng Chuantao , Arneborg Nils , Junicke Helena , Gernaey Krist V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGaining an in-depth understanding of the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the different inhibitors generated during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material is driving the development of new strains with higher inhibitor tolerances. The objective of this study is to assess, using flow cytometry, how three common inhibitors (vanillin, furfural, and acetic acid) affect the membrane potential, the membrane permeability and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the different fermentations. The membrane potential decreased during the detoxification phase and reflected on the different mechanisms of the toxicity of the inhibitors. While vanillin and furfural caused a metabolic inhibition and a gradual depolarization, acetic acid toxicity was related to fast acidification of the cytosol, causing an immediate depolarization. In the absence of acetic acid, ethanol increased membrane permeability, indicating a possible acquired tolerance to ethanol due to an adaptive response to acetic acid. The intracellular ROS concentration also increased in the presence of the inhibitors, indicating oxidative stress. Measuring these features with flow cytometry allows a real-time assessment of the stress of a cell culture, which can be used in the development of new yeast strains and to design new propagation strategies to pre-adapt the cell cultures to the inhibitors.
Co-reactant-free self-enhanced solid-state electrochemiluminescence platform based on polyluminol-gold nanocomposite for signal-on detection of mercury ion
Authors: Raju Chikkili Venkateswara , Kumar Shanmugam Senthil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopment of a self-enhanced solid-state ECL platform creates a straightforward experimental design for the fabrication of point-of-care applications. Herein, we develop a promising method for self-enhanced solid-state ECL platform of polyluminol gold nanocomposite on glassy carbon electrode [(PL-Au)nano/GCE] via simple one-step electrochemical deposition process without involving any additional co-reactants. The presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) augments the electron transfer kinetics of PL (polyluminol) and enhances the solid-state ECL intensity and promotes label-free, excellent sensitivity, and selectivity to detect Hg2+in physiological pH through signal-on mode. Unlike pristine PL/GCE, electrochemically co-deposited AuNPs in the (PL-Au)nano/GCE composite, enable the co-reactant accelerator by improving the catalytic activity of PL towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) yielding in-situ ROS (co-reactant) generation. Further, the ECL intensity of (PL-Au)nano/GCE composite, gradually increases with each addition of Hg2+ion. This is because of the formation of an amalgamation of Au-Hg on (PL-Au)nano/GCE composite surface which further accelerates the yield of in-situ ROS and enhances the intensity of ECL. Whereas no ECL signals changes were observed for PL/GCE composite. The proposed self-enhanced solid-state ECL platform is selectively sensing the Hg2+ion in the linear range of 0.3–200 nM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The demonstrated (PL-Au)nano/GCE platform might pave new avenues for further studies in the solid-state ECL platform which could be more useful in on-site monitoring of clinical bioassay and immunosensors.
Isolation and characterization of a halophilic Modicisalibacter sp. strain Wilcox from produced water
Authors: Marsh William S. , Heise Brenden W. , Krzmarzick Mark J. , Murdoch Robert W. , Fathepure Babu Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the isolation a halophilic bacterium that degrades both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the sole sources of carbon at high salinity from produced water. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA-gene sequences shows the isolate is a close relative of Modicisalibacter tunisiensis isolated from an oil-field water in Tunisia. We designate our isolate as Modicisalibacter sp. strain Wilcox. Genome analysis of strain Wilcox revealed the presence of a repertoire of genes involved in the metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Laboratory culture studies corroborated the predicted hydrocarbon degradation potential. The strain degraded benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at salinities ranging from 0.016 to 4.0 M NaCl, with optimal degradation at 1 M NaCl. Also, the strain degraded phenol, benzoate, biphenyl and phenylacetate as the sole sources of carbon at 2.5 M NaCl. Among aliphatic compounds, the strain degraded n-decane and n-hexadecane as the sole sources of carbon at 2.5 M NaCl. Genome analysis also predicted the presence of many heavy metal resistance genes including genes for metal efflux pumps, transport proteins, and enzymatic detoxification. Overall, due to its ability to degrade many hydrocarbons and withstand high salt and heavy metals, strain Wilcox may prove useful for remediation of produced waters.
Study on laser powder bed fusion of nickel-base alloy of G-surface structure: scanning strategy, properties and compression properties
Authors: Qian Bo , Fan Hongri , Zhang Jianrui , Li Tengfei , Xi Jiangtao , Qiu Zhijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming at laser powder bed fusion of GH3536 nickel base alloy, the effects of different scanning strategies on microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties were explored. In the aspect of microstructure and micro hardness of the sample, three scanning strategies had little difference; in the aspect of macro mechanical properties of the sample, the slope subarea scanning was better than the helix and island scanning. On this basis, the slope subarea scanning was selected as the optimal scanning strategy to form the G-surface structure, and the compression performance of G-surface was studied. The results showed that: (1) the compression performance of G-surface structure was smaller than that of solid structure, The compression strength of G-surface can only reach about 20% of solid structure: the average strength value of G-surface is 220 MPa, solid structure is 1.1 GMpa; while G-surface structure had a smooth compression curve, which indicated the good energy absorption characteristics; (2) with the increase of wall thickness, the mechanical performance of G-surface structure was also enhanced, while the energy absorption capacity was constantly reduced; (3) with the same wall thickness, the compression performance of sample in building direction (BD) is higher than that in horizontal direction (HD).
A quasi-monoenergetic short time duration compact proton source for probing high energy density states of matter
Authors: Apiñaniz J. I. , Malko S. , Fedosejevs R. , Cayzac W. , Vaisseau X. , de Luis D. , Gatti G. , McGuffey C. , Bailly-Grandvaux M. , Bhutwala K. , Ospina-Bohorquez V. , Balboa J. , Santos J. J. , Batani D. , Beg F. , Roso L. , Perez-Hernandez J. A. , Volpe L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report on the development of a highly directional, narrow energy band, short time duration proton beam operating at high repetition rate. The protons are generated with an ultrashort-pulse laser interacting with a solid target and converted to a pencil-like narrow-band beam using a compact magnet-based energy selector. We experimentally demonstrate the production of a proton beam with an energy of 500 keV and energy spread well below 10$$\% $$
%
, and a pulse duration of 260 ps. The energy loss of this beam is measured in a 2 $$\upmu $$
μ
m thick solid Mylar target and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The short time duration of the proton pulse makes it particularly well suited for applications involving the probing of highly transient plasma states produced in laser-matter interaction experiments. This proton source is particularly relevant for measurements of the proton stopping power in high energy density plasmas and warm dense matter.