bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum crosswind integrated ground level concentration in two stability classes
Authors: WAHAB M.ABDEL , SMESSA KHALED , EMBABY M. , EMELSAID SAWSAN 
Published: December 2021

bl 'kks/k i= esa fu"izHkkoh vkSj vfLFkj fLFkfr;ksa esa ØkWliou lekdfyr lkanz.k ysus ds fy, nks fn’kkvksa esa vfHkogu folj.k lehdj.k ¼ADE½ dks gy fd;k x;k gSA ykIykl :ikarj.k rduhd dk mi;ksx rFkk m/okZ/kj Å¡pkbZ ij vk/kkfjr iou xfr vkSj Hkaoj folj.k’khyrk dh leh{kk djrs gq, ;g gy fudkyk x;k gSA blds lkFk gh Hkw&Lrj vkSj vf/kdre lkanz.kksa dk Hkh vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA geus bl ekWMy esa iwokZuqekfur vkSj izsf{kr lkanz.k vk¡dM+ksa ds e/; rqyuk djus ds fy, dksiugsxu ¼MsuekdZ½ ls fy, x, vkuqHkfod vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA
The advection diffusion equation (ADE) is solved in two directions to obtain the crosswind integrated concentration in neutral and unstable conditions. The solution is solved using Laplace transformation technique and considering the wind speed and eddy diffusivity depending on the vertical height. Also the ground level and maximum concentrations are estimated. We use in this model empirical data from Copenhagen (Denmark) to compare between predicted and observed concentration data.
A formação de professores – epistemologia e práxis criadora
Authors: Célia Borges Maria , Richter Leonice Matilde 
Published: December 2021

A formação de professores é uma área de pesquisa que necessita de uma corrente filosófica orientadora. O objetivo do texto é discutir a formação de professores como epistemologia da práxis criadora, cujas reflexões e diálogo são orientados pelo materialismo histórico dialético. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica recorrendo a alguns autores da matriz filosófica como Marx (1982), Vázquez (1977), Vygotsky (2003,2005) e Kosik (2010), bem como ao tema formação de professores com base em autores como Schön (1997), Tardif (2002) e Pimenta (2005), entre outros. Os resultados evidenciaram que nossa compreensão segue na contramão dos racionalistas práticos que concebem a Formação de Professores limitada ao mundo da consciência comum, sem garantir o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico sobre a docência, o qual a subsidia à apropriação e objetivação de uma práxis criadora. Teoria e prática são fundamentais na formação docente, sendo a primeira orientada por uma matriz epistêmica.
A regulamentação da responsabilidade social empresarial: entre a ortodoxia e heteronomia normativa
Authors: Dall' Agnol Philippe , Carmona Paulo AFonso Cavichioli 
Published: December 2021

A Responsabilidade Social da Empresa é objeto de estudo nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, com o ponto comum de análise do papel da empresa face às perspectivas advindas da globalização e das inovações do século XXI. Ao Direito compete examinar as iniciativas de normatização da RSE, com destaque para a força normativa de instrumentos regulamentadores não estatais e para a adequação e necessidade da edição de normas gerais e abstratas provenientes do Estado. Para tanto, é imperioso ao objeto de estudo delinear os principais instrumentos de regulação da RSE, ao mesmo tempo em que demanda a verificação da conjuntura da aplicação e regulamentação da Responsabilidade Social no Brasil. Sob este panorama teórico, caminha-se na investigação da força normativa da RSE, correlacionando-se a vinculação entre os compromissos de responsabilidade social adotados pelas empresas e a sua exigibilidade pelos stakeholders, o que será realizado por meio da revisão biográfica e pelo desenvolvimento da pesquisa exploratória.
Fizyczno-utylitarny wzór kultury a doświadczenia wojny w byłej Jugosławii
Authors: Pac-Pomarnacka Lidia , Augustyn Agnieszka , Rutkowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2021

W świecie nauki problem kultury i tworzonych przez społeczeństwa wzorów kulturowych zajmuje istotne miejsce. Wielu autorów udowodniło, że wzory kultury dotyczą również ciała. Ciało, dzięki uczestnictwu w kulturze, tworzy wzory kultury fizycznej. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wzorów kultury fizycznej Floriana Znanieckiego oraz wzorów wartości ciała Andrzeja Pawłuckiego na kulturowo odmiennym terenie, jakim są kraje byłej Jugosławii. Szczególnej analizie zostały poddane społeczności miejskie Sarajewa, Vukovaru i Zaprešicia. W czasie badań etnograficznych podjęto próbę rozpoznania, czy warunki wojny lat 90. stanowiły przeszkodę w wypełnianiu wzorów kultury fizycznej przez ludność cywilną Sarajewa (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet i dziewcząt) i czy ludność ta pielęgnowała wzór fizyczno-utylitarny. W badaniach wykorzystano obserwację, wywiad narracyjny oraz analizę tekstów źródłowych. Wyniki eksploracji pokazały, że wzór utylitarny wypełniany był przez kobiety i dziewczęta w oblężonym Sarajewie, zakładał sprawność i gotowość cielesną do walki. Ów wzór spotkał się również ze swoim odbiciem w krzywym zwierciadle, na skutek interpretacji rzeczywistości wojennej przez dzieci.
NFL Football
Authors: Crepeau Richard C. 
Published: December 2021

A multibillion-dollar entertainment empire, the National Football League is a coast-to-coast obsession that borders on religion and dominates our sports-mad culture. But today's NFL also provides a stage for playing out important issues roiling American society.
This updated and expanded edition of NFL Football observes the league's centennial by following the NFL into the twenty-first century, where off-the-field concerns compete with touchdowns and goal line stands for headlines. Richard C. Crepeau delves into the history of the league and breaks down the new era with an in-depth look at the controversies and dramas swirling around pro football today:
 Tensions between players and Commissioner Roger Goodell over collusion, drug policies, and revenue, including analysis of the 2020 collective bargaining agreement
 The firestorm surrounding Colin Kaepernick and protests of police violence and inequality
 Andrew Luck and others choosing early retirement over the threat to their long-term health
 Paul Tagliabue's role in covering up information on concussions
 The Super Bowl's evolution into a national holiday
Authoritative and up to the minute, NFL Football continues the epic American success story.
HANDLING TEMPORAL COMPLEXITY IN THE DESIGN OF NON-TRANSPORT SHIPS USING EPOCH-ERA ANALYSIS
Authors: Gaspar H M , Erikstad S O , Ross A M 
Published: December 2021

The paper is very good, it makes us think that the “requirements of the owner” it is not so simple to achieve. The difficulty is the assembly of the various future scenarios and the care that must be taken in order to reduce the evaluated eras but not removing a likely to occur era.
Did the authors perform a sensitive analyses of the figure of merit to evaluate the effect of the increase of the weight of the short term epoch, where uncertainties are lower, on the resultant optimum ship? If the weight of the short term is very high, I believe the resultant vessel shall be the vessel with lower cost that fulfills the short term contracts. How to calibrate this number and get the appropriate result?
NOTE SUL SUFISMO VISIVO: RAPPRESENTAZIONI GRAFICHE A SUPPORTO DELLA REALIZZAZIONE SPIRITUALE NEL TAṢAWWUF
Authors: Martini Giovanni Maria 
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Questo articolo raccoglie considerazioni di carattere introduttivo sul Sufismo visivo, ovvero sul vasto e complesso tema dell’utilizzo di rappresentazioni grafiche nella letteratura sufi, soffermandosi su un aspetto in particolare, ovvero su come questi diagrammi in molti casi siano stati concepiti dai maestri sufi che li idearono e dai loro fruitori come strumenti grafici a supporto della realizzazione spirituale; contemporaneamente esso si interroga, attraverso l’analisi dei testi, sulle ragioni che spinsero alcuni esponenti del Sufismo ad adottare questo particolare mezzo espressivo. Per far ciò sono stati presi in considerazione autori di epoche diverse, partendo da al-Ḥallāǧ (m. 309/922), passando per Ibn ʿArabī (m. 638/1240) -il cui impulso appare determinante nello sviluppo di questo fenómeno- proseguendo con alcuni eminenti esponenti della Scuola Akbariana quali Ḥaydar Āmulī (m. dopo il 787/1385) e Muḥammad Šīrīn Maġribī (m. 810/1408), per concludere con un maestro Naqšbandī contemporaneo di nome Abū l-Ḥasan Zayd Fārūqī (m. 1993). Questo excursus, sebbene breve e sommario, ripercorrendo più di mille anni consente di accertare la diffusione e la lunga fortuna del mezzo espressivo grafico nella storia del Taṣawwuf, il quale rimane ancora oggi poco conosciuto e che solo raramente viene avvertito come una delle tecniche spirituali proprie del Sufismo.
Abstract: This article provides introductory considerations on Visual Sufism, that is, on the vast and complex topic of the use of graphic representations in Sufi literature, focusing on one aspect in particular. That is about how these diagrams in many cases have been conceived by the Sufi masters who designed them and by their users as graphic tools to support spiritual realization. At the same time, through the analysis of the texts, it questions the reasons that led some Sufi thinkers to adopt this particular means of expression. In order to do so, authors of different periods have been taken into consideration, starting from al-Ḥallāǧ (d. 309/922), passing through Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) -whose impulse appears decisive in the development of this phenomenon -then continuing with some eminent exponents of the Akbarian School such as Ḥaydar Āmulī (d. after 787/1385) and Muḥammad Šīrīn Maġribī (d. 810/1408), concluding with a contemporary Naqšbandī master named Abū l-Ḥasan Zayd Fārūqī (d. 1993). This excursus, though brief and summary, by retracing more than a thousand years allows us to ascertain the diffusion and long fortune of the graphic means of expression in the history of Taṣawwuf, which remains little known even today and is only rarely perceived as one of the spiritual techniques proper to Sufism.
NAQŠBANDĪ E MALĀMATĪ: UNA QUESTIONE DI METODO
Authors: Giordani Demetrio 
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Tra le correnti più antiche della storia del Sufismo, i Malāmatiyya sono in particolare coloro che seguono “La Via del Biasimo” e che nel loro comportamento agiscono in modo da non lasciare nessuna traccia della propria attitudine spirituale tra la gente che li circonda. Secondo Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī essi erano un gruppo di asceti che vivevano nella città di Nīšāpūr alla fine del IX secolo: molti autori dicono che uno dei più importanti appartenenti a questa scuola fosse stato Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). Nel XIII secolo i Ḫwājaġān, una corrente diffusa ampiamente nell’Asia centrale durante l’epoca del dominio dei mongoli Chagatay, praticavano una ritualità molto simile a quella dei Malāmatiyya di Nīšāpūr, basata sulla “menzione del Nome di Dio in segreto” (ḏikr-i ḫafī) e sulla “solitudine tra la folla” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Due di questi Ḫwājaġān furono i maestri di Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (m. 1389). I temi e la pratica della “Via del Biasimo” riappaiono nella tradizione naqšbandī e acquistano profondità e solidità dottrinale nell’opera di Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (m. 1625) il “Rinnovatore del secondo millennio” dell’Islām (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī).
Abstract: Among the oldest currents in the history of Sufism, the Malāmatiyya are especially those who follow “The Path of Blame” and who in their behaviour act in such a way as to leave no trace of their spiritual attitude among the people around them. According to Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī, they were a group of ascetics who lived in the town of Nīšāpūr at the end of the 9th century: many authors say that one of the most important members of this school was Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). In the 13th century the Ḫwājaġān, a current widespread in Central Asia during the era of the rule of the Chagatay Mongols, practiced a rituality very similar to that of the Malāmatiyya of Nīšāpūr, based on the “mention of the Name of God in secret” (ḏikr- i ḫafī) and on “solitude in the crowd” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Two of these Ḫwājaġān were the masters of Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (d. 1389). The themes and the practice of the “Way of Blame” reappear in the naqšbandī tradition and acquire doctrinal depth and solidity in the work of Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (d. 1625), the “Renewer of the Second Millennium” of Islam (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī).
REGOLE E METODI DEL SUFISMO IN EPOCA POST-OTTOMANA:LOʿILMIḤĀLDI SHEJH ADEM NURI GJAKOVA
Authors: Bria Gianfranco 
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Questo articolo analizza il manuale sufi (ʿilmiḥāl) scritto da Shejh Adem Nuri Gjakova nel 1934, al fine di fornire uno sguardo d’insieme sulle regole e sui metodi di realizzazione spirituale più diffusi nel Sufismo balcanico post-ottomano. In questo manuale, infatti, è possibile riscontrare la presenza di un forte senso di reverenza verso ‘Alī e la Famiglia del Profeta, così come una forte impronta delle dottrine di Ibn al-ʿArabī. Entrambi sono due delle principali caratteristiche del Sufismo di area balcanica, la cui formazione è indissolubilmente legata alla storia religiosa e sociale dell’Impero Ottomano, in cui i confini confessionali prescindevano da una chiara demarcazione tra sciismo e sunnismo, così come è identificata in epoca contemporanea.
Abstract: This article analyses the catechist manual (ʿilmiḥāl) who was written by Shejh Adem Nuri Gjakova in 1934, to provide an overview about spiritual rules and methods widespread in post-Ottoman Balkan Sufism. In this manual, in fact, there are a strong reverence towards ‘Alī and the Prophet’s Family, as well as a strong imprint by Ibn al-ʿArabī’s doctrines; both are among the main characters of Balkan Sufism, whose formation is inextricably linked to the religious and social history of the Ottoman Empire, in which the confessional boundaries were much smoother than today.
Ability to detect antibodies to beak and feather disease virus in blood on filter paper decreases with duration of storage
Authors: Blanch-Lázaro Berta , Ribot Raoul F.H. , Berg Mathew L. , Alexandersen Soren , Bennett Andrew T.D. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundBeak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a circovirus that infects captive and wild psittacine birds, and is of conservation concern. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is used to determine antibody titres against BFDV, and the use of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper stored at room temperature has been suggested to be an equally valid technique to the use of frozen serum. However, research on other pathogens has found variable results when investigating the longevity of antibodies stored on DBS at room temperature. Consequently, we aimed to test the temporal stability of antibodies to BFDV in DBS samples stored long-term at room temperature. A further goal was to add to the current knowledge of antibody response to naturally acquired BFDV infection in crimson rosellas (Platycercus elegans).MethodsBlood was collected from wildP. elegansin Victoria, Australia, that had been live-trapped (n= 9) or necropsied (n= 11). BFDV virus load data were obtained from blood stored in ethanol by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR); antibody titres were obtained by HI assay from either DBS or serum samples, which had been collected concurrently. All HI assays were performed commercially by the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) in Charles Sturt University, Australia, who were blind to BFDV blood status.ResultsHI titres from DBS stored at room temperature declined significantly over time (~80 weeks). By contrast, frozen serum samples assayed after 80 weeks in storage all had high HI titres, only varying up to one dilution step from the initial HI titres obtained from DBS at 3–6 weeks after sampling. Weak HI titres from DBS samples all came back negative when the test was repeated only nine weeks later. Novel high HI titres were reported inP. elegans, and while most birds with high antibody titres had corresponding negative qPCR results, a single subadult presented with high HI titres and virus load simultaneously.ConclusionDetection of antibodies on filter paper stored at room temperature decreases over time, increasing the chances of false negatives in these samples, and in repeated testing of samples with weak HI titres. Consequently, serum should be the preferred sample type to use for seroepidemiological studies on BFDV in parrots and other bird species. When not possible, it may help to store DBS on filter paper at −20 °C or lower. However, prompt testing of DBS samples (e.g., <6 weeks in storage) is recommended pending further research on antibody temporal stability. We also show thatP. elegans, especially adults, can produce high antibody titres against BFDV, which may help them resist infection.
Light intensity drives different growth strategies in two duckweed species:Lemna minorL. andSpirodela polyrhiza(L.) Schleiden
Authors: Strzałek Małgorzata , Kufel Lech 
Published: December 2021

Duckweed speciesLemna minorandSpirodela polyrhizaare clonal plants with vegetative organs reduced to a frond and a root inL. minoror a frond and several roots inS. polyrhiza. They reproduce vegetatively by relatively rapid multiplication of their fronds. The habit ofS. polyrhiza(large fronds with up to 21 roots) makes it a strong competitor among representatives of the family Lemnaceae, probably due to different resource-use strategies compared to small duckweed. In our study, light was the resource that affected the plants before and during the laboratory experiment. We sampled the plants from natural habitats differing in light conditions (open and shady) and grew them for 16 days in a thermostatic growth room at 22 °C under a 16:8 photoperiod and three light intensities (125, 236, 459 µmol photons m–2s–1) to investigate the trade-off between frond enlargement and multiplication. Both species from the open habitat had higher growth rates based on the frond numbers and on surface area of fronds compared to plants from the shady habitat. They adopted different species-specific strategies in response to the experimental light conditions. The species size affected the growth rates inL. minorandS. polyrhiza.Spirodela polyrhizagrew slower thanL. minor, but both species grew fastest at medium light intensity (236 µmol m–2s–1).Lemna minormaintained the growth rates at high light intensity, whileS. polyrhizaslowed down.Spirodela polyrhizaresponded to deteriorating light conditions by increasing its frond surface area, thus optimising light capture.Lemna minorfrom the shady habitat enhanced light harvest by increasing chlorophyllaconcentration, but did not invest more in frond enlargement thanL. minorfrom the open habitat. Under shady conditions,S. polyrhizais likely to achieve an advantage overL. minordue to the larger frond size of the former. Our findings suggest the existence of a trade-off between size and number in duckweed.
Economic Feasibility of Dairy Enterprise under Women SHG in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra
Authors: Ingle S. G. , Satpute T. G. , Rede G. D. 
Published: December 2021

In India, dairy farming is traditionally practiced enterprise as a supplementary income source with the crop production. The present study was undertaken to analyze the Economic feasibility of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) microfinance for dairy enterprise run by women particularly from buffalos in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Whole study was based on the primary data set which was collected from the Parbhani district for year 2015-16. Multistage sampling design was used in selection of district, tehsils, villages and SHG groups. The cross sectional data was randomly collected from the 70 members of buffalo rearing selected SHGs. So the required data was collected by personal interview method using pre tested schedules. The data collected was subjected to tabular and economic feasibility analysis i.e., Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net benefit – investment ratio (N/K ratio). The study revealed that the net present value was found positive and benefit cost ratio more than unity. The internal rate of return was higher than bank rate. So in the study area dairy is feasible enterprise and very much suitable for rural women to practice and empower them economically and socially. This feasibility analysis showed that dairy enterprise through microfinance gives more returns to women entrepreneurs. So, the financial institutions and NGOs should come forward to extent economic support and guidance to rural women through SHGs to take up these enterprises as an income generating activity.
A Study of Mental Health Status of the Teaching Community of RPCAU, Pusa
Authors: Saikia Dipankar , K. Singh Ashok , Kumar Nirala , Gogoi Bidyut P. , Kumar Avinash 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The study examined mental health status of teachers working at RPCAU, Pusa.
Study Design: A Descriptive design was implemented.
Place and Duration of the Study: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in the year 2021.
Methodology: One hundred and sixty teachers from all the colleges of RPCAU were selected, by using multistage purposive sampling technique and administered with a mental health inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastav (1988). The statistical techniques employed were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation (SD) and the obtained results were analyzed accordingly.
Results: The findings suggested that majority of teaching community of RPCAU, Pusa were mainly having good mental health. With respect to different dimensions of mental health, it is evident that majority of teaching community of RPCAU, Pusa were having better mental health across their integration of personality (45.62%), and group-oriented attitude (43.75%), while positive self-evaluation (38.12%), perception of reality (41.87%), autonomy (55.00%) and environmental competence (38.12%) were the other dimensions in which majority of teaching community was found to possess average mental health.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings that teaching community of RPCAU, Pusa were primarily having good mental health. Since the teaching faculty of the University were having highest degree in their possession and being the faculty in Central University, their wages and perks being paid regularly in order to meet their relevant needs hence, better mental health are the ingredient under which they are working.