bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraneoplastic Progressive Downbeat Nystagmus, Ataxia and Sensorineural Hearing Loss due to the ANTI-Kelch-11 Protein Antibody
Authors: Kattah Jorge C. , Eggers Scott D. , Bach Sarah E. , Dubey Divyanshu , McKeon Andrew B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
A 45-year-old man with a history of testicular seminoma treated 8 years earlier presented with chronic progressive truncal and limb ataxia, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and episodic vertigo. Eye movement and neuro-otology examinations showed localizing abnormalities to the bilateral cerebellar flocculus, vermis, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Audiometric testing showed bilateral symmetric sensorineural hearing loss. There was a normal MRI of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed modest lymphocytic pleocytosis, and there was an elevated serum choriogonadotrophic hormone. An abdominal CT scan showed a solitary, large retroperitoneal lymph node, and histopathologic examination of the node biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation without microorganisms; eventually, immunohistochemical markers confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic seminoma. Although normal neuroimaging and inflammatory CSF reaction suggested a paraneoplastic etiology, the initial paraneoplastic antibody testing was negative. Subsequent investigation identified a positive kelch-11 protein antibody, thus confirming the paraneoplastic connection between the metastatic seminoma and the subacute neurologic–cochleovestibular syndrome.
An update on psychotic spectrum disorders and disasters
Authors: Jing Genevieve P. , Katz Craig L. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this study is to review the recent literature on disasters’ impact on the course of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSDs) and how people with PSD fare during a disaster, including the effects of COVID-19.

Recent findings
Several, but not all, studies examining disasters including earthquake-affected communities and refugee populations have found increased incidence of PSDs. Studies have been inconsistent regarding psychosis incidence in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, patients with PSD have been found to cope poorly in recent disasters including flooding and a nuclear accident. Patients with schizophrenia appear to be at particular risk during COVID-19 due to such issues as poor awareness of health precautions and the psychiatric impact of lockdown. However, novel methods including telepsychiatry have allowed care of this population to remain consistent during COVID-19.

Summary
There is conflicting evidence as to the association between disasters and onset of PSD, and further study is needed to elucidate this link. Patients with PSDs are more likely to fare worse during disasters. Novel approaches to delivery of care have helped offset the psychiatric risks to PSD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These approaches may be applicable to other disaster scenarios or to general outpatient care.
TRPV1 in arteries enables a rapid myogenic tone
Authors: Phan Thieu X. , Ton Hoai T. , Gulyás Hajnalka , Pórszász Róbert , Tóth Attila , Russo Rebekah , Kay Matthew W. , Sahibzada Niaz , Ahern Gerard P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArterioles maintain blow flow by adjusting their diameter in response to changes in local blood pressure. In this process called the myogenic response, a vascular smooth muscle mechanosensor controls tone predominantly through altering the membrane potential. In general, myogenic responses occur slowly, reaching a plateau in minutes. In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, myogenic tone is rapid; activation occurs in tens of seconds and arterial constrictions or raised extravascular pressure as brief as 100 ms remove tone. Previously, we identified extensive expression of TRPV1 in the smooth muscle of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and the adipose. Here we reveal a critical role for TRPV1 in the myogenic tone of these tissues. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arteriolesin vitroandin vivo, increased coronary flow in isolated hearts, and transiently decreased blood pressure. All of these effects of TRPV1 antagonists were abolished by genetic disruption of TRPV1. Stretch of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells, or raised intravascular pressure in arteries (with or without endothelium), triggered Ca2+signaling and vasoconstriction. The majority of these stretch-responses were TRPV1-mediated, with the remaining tone being inhibited by the TRPM4 antagonist, 9-phenantrol. Notably, tone developed more quickly in arteries from wild-type compared with TRPV1-null mice. Furthermore, the rapid vasodilation following brief constriction of arterioles was also dependent on TRPV1, consistent with a rapid deactivation or inactivation of TRPV1. Pharmacologic experiments revealed that membrane stretch activates a phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling pathway to activate TRPV1, and in turn, L-type Ca2+channels. These results suggest a critical role, for TRPV1 in the dynamic regulation of myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.
Simulating rhizodeposition patterns around growing and exuding root systems
Authors: Landl Magdalena , Haupenthal Adrian , Leitner Daniel , Kroener Eva , Vetterlein Doris , Bol Roland , Vereecken Harry , Vanderborght Jan , Schnepf Andrea 
Published: February 2021

1AbstractIn this study, we developed a novel model approach to compute the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems in three dimensions. This model approach allows us for the first time to study the evolution of rhizodeposition patterns around complex three-dimensional root systems. Root systems were generated using the root architecture model CPlantBox. The concentration of rhizodeposits at a given location in the soil domain was computed analytically. To simulate the spread of rhizodeposits in the soil, we considered rhizodeposit release from the roots, rhizodeposit diffusion into the soil, rhizodeposit sorption to soil particles, and rhizodeposit degradation by microorganisms. To demonstrate the capabilities of our new model approach, we performed simulations for the two example rhizodeposits mucilage and cit-rate and the example root systemVicia faba. The rhizodeposition model was parameterized using values from the literature. Our simulations showed that the rhizosphere soil volume with rhizodeposit concentrations above a defined threshold value (i.e., the rhizodeposit hotspot volume), exhibited a maximum at intermediate root growth rates. Root branching allowed the rhizospheres of individual roots to overlap, resulting in a greater volume of rhizodeposit hotspots. This was particularly important in the case of citrate, where overlap of rhizodeposition zones accounted for more than half of the total rhizodeposit hotspot volumes. Coupling a root architecture model with a rhizodeposition model allowed us to get a better understanding of the influence of root architecture as well as rhizodeposit properties on the evolution of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of rhizodeposits around growing root systems.
Alternative electron pathways of photosynthesis drive the algal CO2concentrating mechanism
Authors: Burlacot Adrien , Dao Ousmane , Auroy Pascaline , Cuiné Stephan , Li-Beisson Yonghua , Peltier Gilles 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobal photosynthesis consumes ten times more CO2than net anthropogenic emissions, and microalgae account for nearly half of this consumption1. The great efficiency of algal photosynthesis relies on a mechanism concentrating CO2(CCM) at the catalytic site of the carboxylating enzyme RuBisCO, thus enhancing CO2fixation2. While many cellular components involved in the transport and sequestration of inorganic carbon (Ci) have been uncovered3,4, the way microalgae supply energy to concentrate CO2against a thermodynamic gradient remains elusive4-6. Here, by monitoring dissolved CO2consumption, unidirectional O2exchange and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter NPQ in the green algaChlamydomonas, we show that the complementary effects of cyclic electron flow and O2photoreduction, respectively mediated by PGRL1 and flavodiiron proteins, generate the proton motive force (pmf) required by Citransport across thylakoid membranes. We demonstrate that the trans-thylakoidpmfis used by bestrophin-like Citransporters and further establish that a chloroplast-to-mitochondria electron flow contributes to energize non-thylakoid Citransporters, most likely by supplying ATP. We propose an integrated view of the CCM energy supply network, describing how algal cells distribute photosynthesis energy to power different Citransporters, thus paving the way to the transfer of a functional algal CCM in plants towards improving crop productivity.One sentence summaryPhotosynthetic alternative electron flows and mitochondrial respiration drive the algal CO2concentrating mechanism
Ionotropic receptors in the turnip mothAgrotis segetumrespond to repellent medium-chain fatty acids
Authors: Hou Xiao-Qing , Zhang Dan-Dan , Powell Daniel , Wang Hong-Lei , Andersson Martin N. , Löfstedt Christer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn insects, airborne chemical signals are mainly detected by two receptor families, odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). Functions of ORs have been intensively investigated in Diptera and Lepidoptera, while the functions and evolution of the more ancient IR family remain largely unexplored beyond Diptera.ResultsHere, we identified a repertoire of 26 IRs from transcriptomes of female and male antennae, and ovipositors in the mothAgrotis segetum. We observed that a large clade formed by IR75p and IR75q expansions is closely related to the acid-sensing IRs identified in Diptera. We functionally assayed each of the five AsegIRs from this clade usingXenopusoocytes and found that two receptors responded to the tested ligands. AsegIR75p.1 responded to several compounds but hexanoic acid was revealed to be the primary ligand, and AsegIR75q.1 responded primarily to octanoic acid, and less so to nonanoic acid. It has been reported that the C6-C10medium-chain fatty acids repel various insects including many drosophilids and mosquitos. Our GC-EAD recordings showed that C6-C10medium-chain fatty acids elicited antennal responses of both sexes ofA. segetum, while only octanoic acid had repellent effect to the moths in a behavioural assay. In addition, using fluorescencein situhybridization, we demonstrated that the five IRs and their co-receptor AsegIR8a are not located in coeloconic sensilla as found inDrosophila, but in basiconic or trichoid sensilla.ConclusionsOur results significantly expand the current knowledge of the insect IR family. Based on the functional data in combination with phylogenetic analysis, we propose that subfunctionalization after gene duplication plays an important role in the evolution of ligand specificities of the acid-sensing IRs in Lepidoptera.
Drivers of adaptive capacity in wild populations: implications for genetic interventions
Authors: Torda G , Quigley K 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unprecedented rate of environmental change in the Anthropocene poses evolutionary challenges for wild populations globally. Active human interventions are being increasingly considered to accelerate natural adaptive processes. Evolutionary models can evaluate how species may fare under future climate, elucidate which evolutionary processes are critical to rapid adaptation, and how active interventions may influence fitness trajectories of organisms. Here we use polygenic metapopulation adaptation models to quantify the relative importance (effect sizes) of different eco-evolutionary parameters on the rates of adaptation in wild populations i) without active interventions, and ii) under a subset of active interventions. We demonstrate that genetic diversity (heterozygosity, He), population connectivity and the effect size of additive genetic variance are the primary drivers of natural adaptation rates. We quantify the effect sizes of these parameters on population fitness across three proposed assisted evolution scenarios and identify critical thresholds for intervention effectiveness and implementation. Specifically, the interventions tested here were most effective at low levels of genetic diversity in target populations (He < 0.2) and when timed during a cold-to-warm phase of an ENSO-like oscillation. Beneficial levels of connectivity were highly dependent on desired outcomes for the meta-population. We also present a global meta-analysis of genetic diversity in tropical reef-building corals as a case study of how thresholds derived from evolutionary models can be used to guide decision making by managers. We find genetic diversity to be highly variable by coral taxon and region, highlighting how thresholds from evolutionary models can be used in conjunction with empirical data to assess intervention needs and priorities. Finally, we highlight the critical knowledge and data gaps to produce the next suite of applied models for conservation management decision-support.
Identification of theTMEM232 gene associated with atopic dermatitis through targeted capture sequencing
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wu Yuan-yuan , Fang Wen-liang , Cai Xin-ying , Zhang Zeng-yun-ou , Yu Chong-xian , Zheng Xiao-dong , Xiao Feng-li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and complex skin disorder, and the 5q22.1 region had been reported to be associated with AD.OBJECTIVETo identify the susceptibility gene for AD in the 5q22.1 region by haplotype and targeted capture sequencing.METHODSThe haplotypes were reconstructed with our previously genotyping data of four SNPs and six deletions from 3055 Chinese Hans AD patients and 4346 controls. The targeted capture sequencing spanning 5q22.1 region was performed in the selected samples. The gene level enrichment analysis was done using loss of function variants.RESULTSA total of 60 haplotypes were found, and the H15 haplotype had the strongest association with AD (P= 2.72×10−10, OR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.07-0.28). However, No co-segregation mutation sites were found in the sequencing analysis within the 16 selected samples, while the enrichment analysis indicated that TMEM232 was significantly associated with AD (P = 7.33×10-5, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.19-0.58).CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms previous findings that the TMEM232 gene is associated with AD by haplotype analysis and targeted capture sequencing.
Analyses of the complete genome sequence of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) degraderAminobactersp. MSH1 suggests a polyploid chromosome, phylogenetic reassignment, and functions of (un)stable plasmids
Authors: Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Horemans Benjamin , Lood Cedric , T’Syen Jeroen , van Noort Vera , Lavigne Rob , Ellegaard-Jensen Lea , Hylling Ole , Aamand Jens , Springael Dirk , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAminobactersp. MSH1 (CIP 110285) can use the pesticide dichlobenil and its transformation product, the recalcitrant groundwater micropollutant, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) as sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The concentration of BAM in groundwater often exceeds the threshold limit for drinking water, resulting in the use of additional treatment in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) or closure of the affected abstraction wells. Biological treatment with MSH1 is considered a potential sustainable alternative to remediate BAM-contamination in drinking water production. Combining Illumina and Nanopore sequencing, we here present the complete genome of MSH1, which was determined independently in two different laboratories. Unexpectedly, divergences were observed between the two genomes, i.e. one of them lacked four plasmids compared to the other. Besides the circular chromosome and the two previously described plasmids involved in BAM catabolism pBAM1 (41 kb) and pBAM2 (54 kb), we observe that the genome of MSH1 contains two megaplasmids pUSP1 (367 kb) and pUSP2 (366 kb) and three smaller plasmids pUSP3 (97 kb), pUSP4 (64 kb), and pUSP5 (32 kb). The MSH1 substrain from KU Leuven showed a reduced genome lacking plasmids pUSP2 and the three smaller plasmids and was designated substrain MK1, whereas the variant with all plasmids was designated as substrain DK1. Results of a plasmid stability experiment, indicate that strain MSH1 may have a polyploid chromosome when growing in R2B medium with more chromosomes than plasmids per cell. Based on phylogenetic analyses, strain MSH1 is reassigned asAminobacter niigataensisMSH1.ImportanceThe complete genomes of the two MSH1 substrains, DK1 and MK1, provide further insight into this already well-studied organism with bioremediation potential. The varying plasmid contents in the two substrains suggest that some of the plasmids are unstable, although this is not supported by the herein described plasmid stability experiment. Instead, results suggest that MSH1 is polyploid with respect to its chromosome, at least under some growth conditions. As the essential BAM-degradation genes are found on some of these plasmids, stable inheritance is essential for continuous removal of BAM. Finally,Aminobactersp. MSH1 is reassigned asAminobacter niigataensisMSH1, based on phylogenetic evidence.
Increasing central serotonin with 5-HTP disrupts the inhibition of social gaze in non-human primates
Authors: Weinberg-Wolf Hannah , Fagan Nicholas A. , Dal Monte Olga , Chang Steve W. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo competently navigate the world, individuals must flexibly balance distinct aspects of social gaze, orienting toward others and inhibiting orienting responses, depending on the context. These behaviors are often disrupted in patient populations treated with serotonergic drugs. However, the field lacks a clear understanding of how the serotonergic system mediates social orienting and inhibiting behaviors. Here, we tested how increasing central concentrations of serotonin with the direct precursor 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) would modulate the ability of rhesus macaques to use eye movements to flexibly orient to, or inhibit orienting to, faces. Systemic administrations of 5-HTP effectively increased central serotonin levels and impaired flexible orientation and inhibition. Critically, 5-HTP selectively impaired the ability of monkeys to inhibit orienting to face images, whereas it similarly impaired orienting to face and control images. 5-HTP also caused monkeys to perseverate on their gaze responses, making them worse at flexibly switching between orientating and inhibiting behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of 5-HTP on performance correlated with a constriction of the pupil, an increased time to initiate trials, and an increased reaction time, suggesting that the disruptive effects of 5-HTP on social gaze behaviors are likely driven by a downregulation of arousal and motivational states. Taken together, these findings provide causal evidence for a modulatory relationship between 5-HTP and social gaze behaviors in non-human primates and offer translational insights for the role of the serotonergic system in social gaze.
The Orb6-Sts5 Axis Regulates Stress Granule Formation and Heat Stress Response in Fission Yeast
Authors: Tams Robert N. , Chen Chuan , Nuñez Illyce , Haller Patrick Roman , Verde Fulvia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe NDR/LATS family kinases are a subclass of the AGC serine/threonine kinases which are important for morphogenesis and cell growth control. Using the model organismSchizosaccharomyces pombe, we previously reported that the NDR/LATS kinase Orb6 phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Sts5 serine 86 residue on its Intrinsically Disordered Domain (IDD). When dephosphorylated, Sts5 forms ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules that colocalize with processing bodies (P-Bodies) and translationally repress mRNAs important for polarized cell growth. Here we report that Sts5 puncta colocalize with both P-Bodies and stress granules (SG) in response to glucose starvation, as well as heat, oxidative, and hyperosmotic stress. We find that loss of Sts5 decreases the number of stress granules, indicating that Sts5 has a role in promoting stress granule formation. Conversely, inhibition of Orb6 kinase promotes Sts5 aggregation and stress granule formation. In addition, loss of Sts5 decreases cell survival after heat stress, whereas decreasing Orb6 protein levels or including thests5S86Amutation, which promotes Sts5 aggregation, leads to increased survival. These data indicate that the Orb6-Sts5 axis is not only important for regulation of polarized growth but also for response to environmental stress, as dysregulation of the Orb6-Sts5 axis affects stress granule formation and cell survival.
A fungal powdery mildew pathogen induces extensive local and marginal systemic changes in theArabidopsis thalianamicrobiota
Authors: Durán Paloma , Reinstädler Anja , Rajakrut Anna Lisa , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Garrido-Oter Ruben , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPowdery mildew is a foliar disease caused by epiphytically growing obligate biotrophic ascomycete fungi. How powdery mildew colonization affects host resident microbial communities locally and systemically remains poorly explored.We performed powdery mildew (Golovinomyces orontii) infection experiments withArabidopsis thalianagrown in either natural soil or a gnotobiotic system and studied the influence of pathogen invasion into standing natural multi-kingdom or synthetic bacterial communities (SynComs).We found that after infection of soil-grown plants,G. orontiioutcompetes numerous resident leaf-associated fungi. We further detected a significant shift in foliar but not root-associated bacterial communities in this setup. Pre-colonization of germ-freeA. thalianaleaves with a bacterial leaf-SynCom, followed byG. orontiiinvasion, induced an overall similar shift in the foliar bacterial microbiota and minor changes in the root-associated bacterial assemblage. However, a standing root SynCom in root samples remained robust against foliar infection withG. orontii. Although pathogen growth was unaffected by the leaf SynCom, fungal infection caused a more than two-fold increase in leaf bacterial load.Our findings indicate thatG. orontiiinfection affects mainly microbial communities in local plant tissue, possibly driven by pathogen-induced changes in source-sink relationships and host immune status.