bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Quantum Optimization Algorithms via Efficient Ising Model Encodings
Authors: Patti Taylor , Kossaifi Jean , Anandkumar Anima , Yelin Susanne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, few quantum algorithms for classical optimization demonstrate realizable advantage. The utility of many quantum algorithms is limited by high requisite circuit depth and nonconvex optimization landscapes. We tackle these challenges to quantum advantage with two new variational quantum algorithms, which utilize multi-basis graph encodings and nonlinear activation functions to outperform existing methods with remarkably shallow quantum circuits. Both algorithms provide a polynomial reduction in measurement complexity and either a factor of two speedup a factor of two reduction in quantum resources. Typically, the classical simulation of such algorithms with many qubits is impossible due to the exponential scaling of traditional quantum formalism and the limitations of tensor networks. Nonetheless, the shallow circuits and moderate entanglement of our algorithms, combined with efficient tensor method-based simulation, enable us to successfully optimize the MaxCut of high-connectivity global graphs with up to 512 nodes (qubits) on a single GPU.
Lipotoxicity-Induced mtDNA Release Promotes Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway in Obesity Related Diabetes
Authors: Ma Xiu Mei , Geng Kang , Law Betty Yuen-Kwan , Wang Peng , Pu Yue Li , Chen Qing , Xu Hui Wen , Tan Xiao Zhen , Jiang Zong Zhe , Xu Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aseptic inflammatory activation. Mitochondria-derived cytosolic DNA has been reported to induce inflammation by activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in the adipose, liver, and kidney tissue. However, the role of cytosolic mtDNA in the progression of DCM is unclear. In this study, with an obesity-related DCM mouse model established by feeding db/db mice with a high-fat diet (HFD), we observed increased mtDNA in the cytosol and activated cGAS-STING signaling pathway during DCM, as well as the downstream targets, IRF3, NF-κB, IL-18, and IL-1β. In further study with a palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipotoxic cell model established in H9C2 cells, we revealed that the cytosolic mtDNA was resulted from PA-induced overproduction of mitochondrial ROS, which also led to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and its downstream targets. Notably, treatment of extracted mtDNA alone was sufficient to activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cultured H9C2 cells. Besides, both knockdown of STING in PA-induced H9C2 cells and inhibition of STING by C-176 injection in the DCM mouse model could remarkably block the inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our study elucidated the critical role of cytosolic mtDNA-induced cGAS-STING activation in the pathogenesis of obesity-related DCM and provided preclinical validation for using a STING inhibitor as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DCM.
Do Functional Limitations Predict Life Satisfaction Among Elderly in India: A Study Based On LASI Survey in India
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Kumar Pradeep , Patel Ratna , Srivast Shobhit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Functional limitation is a relevant health outcome to examine the quality of life among the elderly. In recognition of its importance, research evidence evaluating life satisfaction among older people has increased globally, but such research is minimalistic in the Indian context. Furthermore studies in the Indian context examining life satisfaction among the elderly population in the context of ADL and IADL are hard to find. Therefore, this study examines the association between functional limitations and life satisfaction among the older population in India.
Methods

Data for this study was utilized from the recent release of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Life satisfaction was the main dependent variable categorized as 0 “high,” 1 “medium,” and 2 “low.” Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was used to present the preliminary analysis. Apart from that, the ordered logistic regression analysis was used to carve out the results.
Results

Overall, about one-third of older adults had low life satisfaction scores, and 46% of older adults had a high life satisfaction score. The low life satisfaction score was higher among older adults who reported poor self-rated health (36.7%) than those who reported good self-rated health (27.9%). For older adults who were independent for ADL, the odds of low life satisfaction score (LSS) versus the combined medium and high LSS were 1.20 times more than for older adults who were not independent for ADL [UOR: 1.20; CI: 1.14–1.26].
Conclusion

In this study, a possible association between functional limitations and life satisfaction among the elderly was explored. Both ADL and IADL were noted as factors determining life satisfaction among elderly and elderly reporting ADL and IADL had higher odds of LLS. The setting up of geriatric clinics under the Primary Health Care services would bring the necessary change as this would provide timely healthcare services to the elderly and generate a perception of overall satisfaction among the elderly as they may feel secure in the presence of better health infrastructure.
Flow-Based Programming For Machine Learning
Authors: Mahapatra Tanmaya , Banoo Syeeda Nilofer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Machine Learning (ML) has gained prominence and has tremendous applications in fields like medicine, biology, geography and astrophysics, to name a few. Arguably, in such areas it is used by domain experts, who are not necessarily skilled-programmers. Thus, it presents a steep learning curve for such domain experts in programming ML applications. To overcome this and foster widespread adoption of ML techniques, we propose to equip them with domain-specific graphical tools. Such tools, based on the principles of flow-based programming paradigm, would support the graphical composition of ML applications at a higher level of abstraction and auto-generation of target code. Accordingly, (i) we have modelled ML algorithms as composable components; (ii) described an approach to parse a flow created by connecting several such composable components and use an API-based code generation technique to generate the ML application. To demonstrate the feasibility of our conceptual approach, we have modelled the APIs of Apache Spark ML as composable components and validated it in three use-cases. The use-cases are designed to capture the ease of program specification at a higher abstraction level, easy parametrisation of ML APIs, auto-generation of the ML application and auto-validation of the generated model for better prediction accuracy.
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in an Adolescent: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Castillo-López MG , Fernandez Maria Florencia , Sforza Noelia , Barbás Nadia Carla Mabel , Pattin Francisco , Mendez Guillermo , Ogresta Fernando , Gondolesi Ignacio , Schelotto Pablo Barros , Musso Carla , Gondolesi Gabriel E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycemia in neonates and children. It is a heterogeneous condition with dysregulated insulin secretion, which persists in the presence of low blood glucose levels.Objectives: Describe a clinical case of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, secondary to nesidioblastosis in an adolescent; and to report the results of a systematic review performed using PubMed and Lilacs to assess existing cases available under the following terms: “Nesidioblastosis”, “adults”, “adolescents” and “children”.Patient and Methods: We report a case of a 15-year-old male with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, who underwent a subtotal pancreatectomy after inadequate response to medical therapy. Pathological examination was positive for nesidioblastosis (diffuse β-cell hyperplasia by H-E and immunohistochemical techniques). The patient’s blood glucose levels normalized after surgery and he remains asymptomatic after 1 year of follow-up. The systematic review allowed us to identify 41 adolescents from a total of 205 cases reported in 22 manuscripts, from a total of 454 found in the original search done in PubMed and Lilacs.Conclusions: Although very well reported in children, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia can occur in adolescents or young adults, as it happens in our reported case. These patients can be seen, treated and reported by pediatricians or adult teams either way due to the wide age range used to define adolescence. Most of them do not respond to medical treatment, and subtotal distal pancreatectomy has become the elected procedure with excellent long-term response in the vast majority.
Timing to Intubation COVID-19 Patients: Can We Put It Off Until Tomorrow?
Authors: de Alencar Julio Cesar Garcia , Sternlicht Juliana Martes , Veiga Alicia Dudy Muller , Marchini Julio Flávio Meirelles , Ferreira Juliana Carvalho , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Marcilio Izabel , Silva Katia Regina , Junior Vilson Cobello , Felix Marcelo Consorti , Gomez Luz Marina Gomez , Souza Heraldo Possolo , Mauá Denis Deratani , Group Emergency USP COVID ,   HCFMUSP COVID-19 Study Group
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background: The decision to intubate COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive respiratory support is challenging, requiring a fine balance between early intubation and risks of invasive mechanical ventilation versus the adverse effects of delaying intubation. This present study analyzes the relationship between intubation day and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a unicentric retrospective cohort study considering all adult laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection consecutively admitted at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, between March 2020 and August 2020 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days after intubation, and a Cox model was used to evaluate the effect of time from onset of symptoms to intubation in mortalityResults: A total of 592 (20%) adult consecutive patients out of 3020 admitted with COVID-19 were intubated during the study period. The median time from admission to intubation was one day (interquartile range, 0-3), and 310 patients (52%) who were intubated and mechanically ventilated deceased 28 days after intubation. Each additional day between the onset of symptoms and intubation was significantly associated with higher in-hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.005-1.03).Conclusion: Among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were intubated and mechanically ventilated, delaying intubation in the course of symptoms may be associated with higher mortality.Trial registration: The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee (opinion number 3.990.817; CAAE: 30417520.0.0000.0068.
Investigation of the Influence of Phonological Awareness Intervention and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Enhancement of Rapid Automatized Naming and Verbal Short Term Memory in Developmental Dyslexia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mirahadi Seyyedeh Samaneh , Mohamadi Reyhane , Arshi Bahar , Abolghasemi Jamile 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phonological deficits include phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) and verbal short term memory (VSTM). PA is defined as a conscious manipulation of the word subunits in word structure. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a complementary treatment with PA intervention in the dyslexia treatment. In this trial we had both a PA intervention group and a PA + tDCS group in which the tDCS is applied over the left parieto-temporal area. It was hypothesized that the PA + tDCS treatment can improve RAN and VSTM. A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of PA + tDCS intervention in improving RAN and VSTM. Twenty-eight participants were randomly allocated to the active (PA + anodal tDCS) or sham (PA + sham tDCS) groups. Each dyslexic student participated in 15 intervention sessions. RAN and VSTM sub-tests were assessed at the baseline, at the end of the fifth, tenth, and final treatment sessions and finally 6 weeks after the treatment. In both groups, mean scores of RAN sub-tests significantly decreased and the mean scores of the VSTM sub-tests significantly increased during, immediately and also 6 weeks after intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of the outcome measures. PA intervention leads to improvement in RAN and VSTM abilities in dyslexic students for a longer period of time. Combined intervention (PA + tDCS) had no further effect on outcome measures than PA intervention alone.
Effect of Synthesized Chitosan Flame Retardant On Flammability, Thermal, And Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester/Bamboo Nonwoven Fiber Composites
Authors: M.N. Prabhakar , Chalapathi K Venkata , Atta Ur Rehman Shah , Song Jung-il 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, chitosan-based bio-flame retardant additive (referred to as NCS) was prepared by altering the chitosan (CS) chemically with silica (S) via ion interchange reaction and studied the effect on flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/bamboo fiber (VE/BF) composites manufactured by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used to characterize the NCS. The spectral results revealed a new peak at 1560 cm-1 corresponding to NH3+–-O Si, bring up the interactive bond between CS and S. SEM, and XRD showed the diverse morphology (coarse surface), and significant decrement in the intensity of diffraction patterns respectively support further the formation of NCS. The heat release rate of NCS decreased significantly by 76%, and residual char increased by 47% compared with chitosan. The flame retardant and thermal behavior of NCS-VE/BF composites were examined by UL-94 standards, micro and cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a delay in burning time in UL-94, enhanced LOI % and decrement of peak heat release rate and total heat release rate compared to pure composites by 32, 14, and 18%, respectively. The residual char increased by 47%. The mechanical properties also improved satisfactorily. Overall, the synthesized NCS could be suitable for the fabrication of sustainable flame-retardant natural fiber composite without deterioration of mechanical properties that are suitable for sub-structural parts in engineering applications.
Perhalogenation and Percyanation of Coronene for Characterization of the New Efficient Organic Semiconductors for Charge Transport
Authors: Bouba Marius Ousmanou , Nya Fridolin Tchangnwa , Malloum Alhadji , Conradie Jeanet , Ndjaka Jean Marie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the structures, electronic properties, hole and electron mobilities of perfluorinated, perchlorinated and percyanated coronene molecules, using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP-D3/6-311++G(d,p) and ωB97XD/6-311++G(d,p) levels and Markus-Hush charge transfer theory. The calculated geometric parameters for coronene and perchlorocoronene are in good agreement with the experimental data. Our theoretical investigations have shown B3LYP-D3 functional is suitable to well define vibrational assignments for studied molecules. We have shown that the per-halogenation and per-cyanation of coronene increases the adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) and reduces the LUMO levels and the hole mobilities thus indicating an ambipolar behavior and air-stable material. We have shown that the percyanation of coronene is a promising pathway for the design of new materials useful in optoelectronics.
Renal Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor with Lymph Nodes Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cai Lingkai , Cao Qiang , Hua Hongjin , Wu Qikai , Yuan Baorui , Zhuang Juntao , Li Kai , Han Jie , Yu Hao , Lu Jiancheng , Feng Dexiang , Liu Peikun , Li Pengchao , Yang Xiao , Lu Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is mesenchymal tumor that originated from perivascular epithelioid cells. Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign PEComa, composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle and mature adipose tissue. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare subtype of AML that has the potential to be malignant.Case presentation: The patient was a 42-year-old woman admitted to the hospital for her left low back swelling. The computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a 6.3*5.5*6.7cm cystic-solid tumor in the intermediate kidney. Then we performed a left nephrectomy. Postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was angiomyolipoma (PEComa) with necrotic formation and was 6cm*6cm*5.5cm in size. Additionally, lymph nodes involved (4/17) were observed in the left renal hilum. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that tumor cells focally expressed MelanA and HMB45. No evidence of disease progression at the six-month follow-up after surgery.Conclusions: Lymph nodes involvement in renal PEComa was rare and was regarded as a type of metastasis. Lymph nodes metastasis might indicate a poor prognosis.
Synthesis of new immobilized N-chloro-sulfonamides and release of active chlorine from them
Authors: Murashevych Bohdan , Toropin Volodymyr , Stepanskyi Dmytro , Maslak Hanna , Burmistrov Kostyantyn , Kotok Valerii , Kovalenko Vadym 
Published: July 2021

A method has been developed for the synthesis of granular polymeric materials with immobilized N-chloro-sulfonamide groups. Commercially available resin polymers widely applied for the preparation of ion exchangers have been used as polymer carriers. The elaborated technological conditions make it possible to modify these resins with a high conversion degree, without deteriorating the strength characteristics, and with the possibility of regulating the concentration of active chlorine over a wide range (up to 11 % w/w). The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy data. To determine the concentration of functional groups, a special method of iodometric titration has been developed. The processes of emission of active chlorine from synthesized polymers into aqueous solutions have been studied. It has been shown that this process significantly depends on the composition of the solution: no release of active chlorine into distilled water is observed, and when using tap water, its concentration is reached 5–8 mg/dm3 and remains up to 30 days when the granules are in water. The processes of activation of active chlorine emission by compounds of amine nature have been studied, the corresponding kinetic curves of the dependence between change in the concentration of active chlorine in solution and the used activator are presented. It has been found that the nature of the used activator strongly affects, among other things, the stability of the obtained chlorine-active solutions. Taurine and sulfamic acid are found to be the optimal activators for obtaining stable solutions of active chlorine of high concentration. The composition of the N-chloro-taurin solution obtained in this way has been additionally analyzed by UV spectroscopy. Thus, the synthesized polymers make it possible to quickly in situ obtain high-purity solutions of active chlorine without the use of special electrochemical equipment. The polymers themselves are compact, stable, and can be repeatedly regenerated
Targeting Abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling in Intracerebral Hemorrhage:
A Systematic Review on Potential Drug Targets and Influences
of Signaling Modulators on Other Neurological Disorders
Authors: Mehan Sidharth , Jadaun Kuldeep Singh , Sharma Aarti , Siddiqui Ehraz Mehmood 
Published: July 2021

:
PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin)
signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway mediated by enzyme-linked
receptors with many biological functions in mammals. This pathway modulates the epigenetic modification
of DNA and target gene histones and plays a significant role in regulating biological activity,
disease progression, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involves
and mediates many cellular processes such as nutrient uptake, proliferation, anabolic reactions,
and cell survival. Several studies have shown that PI3K/AKT/mTOR has been a promising therapeutic
approach to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is characterized by the progressive development of
hematoma, which leads to the structural destabilization of the neurons and glial cells, leading to neuronal
deformation, further contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane depolarization, oligaemia,
and neurotransmitter imbalance. Partial suppression of cell metabolism and necrosis can occur,
depending on the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore in the following review, we discuss
whether or not the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could minimize neuronal
dysfunction following ICH. We further elaborate the review by discussing the updated pathophysiology
of brain hemorrhage and the role of molecular targets in other neurodegenerative diseases.
This review provides current approachable disease treatment in various disease states, single and dual
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway modulators.