bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMID1, a multifunctional molecule identified in a murine model for the invasion independent metastasis pathway
Authors: Kawata Takuya , Muramatsu Koji , Shishito Namiko , Ichikawa-Tomikawa Naoki , Oishi Takuma , Kakuda Yuko , Akiyama Yasuto , Yamaguchi Ken , Sakamoto Michiie , Sugino Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEMI Domain Containing 1 (EMID1) was identified as a potential candidate metastasis-promoting gene. We sought to clarify the molecular function of EMID1 and the protein expression. Overexpression and knockdown studies using mouse tumor cell lines identified two novel functions of EMID1: intracellular signaling involving enhancement of cell growth via cell cycle promotion and suppression of cell motility, and inhibition of cell–matrix adhesion by extracellularly secreted EMID1. EMID1 deposited on the culture dish induced self-detachment of cells that overexpressed the protein and inhibited adhesion of additionally seeded cells. This multifunctional property involving both intracellular signaling and the extracellular matrix suggests that EMID1 may be a matricellular proteins. Expression analysis using immunohistochemical staining revealed expression of EMID1 that was limited to chief cells of the gastric fundic gland and β cells of the pancreatic islets in normal adult human tissues, implying cell-specific functions of this molecule. In addition, increased expression of EMID1 protein detected in some cases of human cancers implies that EMID1 might be a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Impact of viral features, host jumps and phylogeography on the rapid evolution of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV)
Authors: Franzo Giovanni , Legnardi Matteo , Grassi Laura , Dotto Giorgia , Drigo Michele , Cecchinato Mattia , Tucciarone Claudia Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is one the most relevant pathogens of domestic mink, where it can cause significant economic losses, and wild species, which are considered a threat to mink farms. Despite their relevance, many aspects of the origin, evolution, and geographic and host spreading patterns of AMDV have never been investigated on a global scale using a comprehensive biostatistical approach. The present study, benefitting from a large dataset of sequences collected worldwide and several phylodynamic-based approaches, demonstrates the ancient origin of AMDV and its broad, unconstrained circulation from the initial intercontinental spread to the massive among-country circulation, especially within Europe, combined with local persistence and evolution. Clear expansion of the viral population size occurred over time until more effective control measures started to be applied. The role of frequent changes in epidemiological niches, including different hosts, in driving the high nucleotide and amino acid evolutionary rates was also explored by comparing the strengths of selective pressures acting on different populations. The obtained results suggest that the viral passage among locations and between wild and domesticated animals poses a double threat to farm profitability and animal welfare and health, which is particularly relevant for endangered species. Therefore, further efforts must be made to limit viral circulation and to refine our knowledge of factors enhancing AMDV spread, particularly at the wild-domestic interface.
Functional genomics study of Pseudomonas putida to determine traits associated with avoidance of a myxobacterial predator
Authors: Akbar Shukria , Stevens D. Cole 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPredation contributes to the structure and diversity of microbial communities. Predatory myxobacteria are ubiquitous to a variety of microbial habitats and capably consume a broad diversity of microbial prey. Predator–prey experiments utilizing myxobacteria have provided details into predatory mechanisms and features that facilitate consumption of prey. However, prey resistance to myxobacterial predation remains underexplored, and prey resistances have been observed exclusively from predator–prey experiments that included the model myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Utilizing a predator–prey pairing that instead included the myxobacterium, Cystobacter ferrugineus, with Pseudomonas putida as prey, we observed surviving phenotypes capable of eluding predation. Comparative transcriptomics between P. putida unexposed to C. ferrugineus and the survivor phenotype suggested that increased expression of efflux pumps, genes associated with mucoid conversion, and various membrane features contribute to predator avoidance. Unique features observed from the survivor phenotype when compared to the parent P. putida include small colony variation, efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production, and increased mucoid conversion. These results demonstrate the utility of myxobacterial predator–prey models and provide insight into prey resistances in response to predatory stress that might contribute to the phenotypic diversity and structure of bacterial communities.
Revisiting the Influences of Bilingualism and Developmental Language Disorder on Children's Nonverbal Processing Speed
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study examined the influences of bilingualism and developmental language disorder (DLD) on nonverbal processing speed. DLD is associated with slower processing speed, but the extent to which slowing extends to bilingual populations is not established. The possible presence of bilingual cognitive effects could also lead to faster processing speed among bilingual children.

Method
Participants included 108 children of ages 6–8 years, including 56 Spanish–English bilinguals (29 with DLD and 27 with typical development) and 52 English-only monolinguals (25 with DLD and 27 with typical development). Language testing (in both languages for bilingual children) was combined with parent and school report to classify children as having DLD or typical language development. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were excluded from the sample. Reaction time from a choice visual detection task was used to index nonverbal processing speed.

Results
Children with DLD demonstrated slower processing speed than their typically developing peers, whereas bilingual children demonstrated faster processing speed than monolinguals. The effects of DLD and bilingualism did not interact.

Conclusions
This study replicates prior findings of slowed processing speed among children with DLD in both monolingual and bilingual children. Evidence of faster processing speed among bilingual children contributes to the complex literature surrounding the circumstances of bilingual cognitive effects.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15138747
Laryngeal Endoscopic Imaging: Fundamentals and Key Concepts for Rating Selected Parameters
Authors: Poburka Bruce J. , Patel Rita 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The aims of this study were to describe the laryngeal endoscopic imaging techniques of videoendoscopy and videostroboscopy and to provide information regarding their use and limitations in clinical practice.

Method
Information is provided for (a) understanding that laryngeal endoscopic imaging consists of endoscopy and stroboscopy components and for understanding their distinctions, (b) specifying the scientific underpinnings of stroboscopic sampling and its limitations, and (c) describing selected endoscopy and stroboscopy parameters including rating instructions and clinical significance.

Conclusions
Laryngeal endoscopic imaging is a critical part of clinical voice evaluation. Successful use of laryngeal endoscopic imaging requires proper acquisition of images, knowledge of rating strategies and clinical interpretation, and recognizing its limitations.
Asteroid pairs: method validation and new candidates
Authors: Kyrylenko I. , Krugly Yu. N. , Golubov O. 
Published: August 2021

Context. An asteroid pair can be described as two asteroids with very similar heliocentric orbits that are genetically related but not gravitationally bound. They can be produced by asteroid collisions or rotational fission. Although over 200 asteroid pairs are known, many more remain to be identified, especially among the newly discovered asteroids.
Aims. The purpose of our work is to find new asteroid pairs in the inner part of the main belt with a new pipeline for asteroid pair search, and to validate the pipeline on a sample of known asteroid pairs.
Methods. Initially, we selected pair candidates in the five-dimensional space of osculating orbital elements. Then the candidates were confirmed using numerical modeling with the backtrack integration of their orbits, including the perturbations from the largest main-belt asteroids and the influence of the non-gravitational Yarkovsky effect.
Results. We performed a survey of the inner part of the main belt and found ten new probable asteroid pairs. Their estimated formation ages lie between 30 and 400 kyr. In addition, our pipeline was tested on a sample of 17 known pairs, and our age estimates agree with those indicated in the literature in most of the cases.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Accelerates Pathological Process of
Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Li Xiang-Juan , Wang Hui , Lu Dan-Yang , Yu Tian-Tian , Ullah Kamran , Shi Xin-Yan , Shen Yong-Hai , Fei Xiao-Yang , Lin Zhen-Yun , Huang He-Feng , Lin Xian-Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is one of the most common features of polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS), which is related to obesity. Whether increased
anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS are involved in the
pathogenesis of insulin resistance remains unclear. We investigated serum levels
of leptin and AMH along with basic clinical and metabolic parameters in 114 PCOS
patients and 181 non-PCOS women. PCOS patients presented higher fasting blood
glucose, insulin concentrations and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin
Resistance (HOMA-IR) in addition to body mass index (BMI), lipids profiles and
hormone levels. HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with BMI, AMH, leptin, and
low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Interestingly, AMH is
strongly positively correlated with HOMA-IR and insulin concentrations for 1st
and 2nd hours of glucose treatment after fasting. Among PCOS women with
BMI≥25 kg/m2, high AMH level group showed an
increased HOMA-IR when compared to normal AMH level. However, among PCOS women
with normal BMI, women with high AMH presented an elevated fasting insulin
levels but not HOMA-IR when compared to normal AMH group. In vitro treatment of
isolated islet cells with high concentration of leptin (200 ng/ml) or
high leptin plus high concentration of AMH (1 ng/ml) significantly
enhanced insulin secretion. Importantly, co-treatment of AMH plus leptin
upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, caspase-3,
and caspase-8 after incubating with a high level of glucose. These results
suggest that AMH may involve in the pathological process of pancreatic
β-cells in obese PCOS women.
Virtuelle Realität bei Angsterkrankungen – vom
experimentellen Tool zur klinischen Praxis
Authors: Zwanzger Peter , Sich Magdalena , Diemer Julia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAngsterkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten psychischen
Störungen. Nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien zufolge
gehören abhängig von Diagnose und Schweregrad sowohl
medikamentöse als auch psychotherapeutische Ansätze zu den
Verfahren der ersten Wahl. Unter den psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen ist
die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) der am besten untersuchte Therapieansatz.
Dabei kommt der Expositionsbehandlung als Kernbestandteil eine besondere
Bedeutung zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund rückt die Technologie der
Virtuellen Realität (VR) als mögliche Ergänzung oder
Alternative zur herkömmlichen Expositionsbehandlung zunehmend in den
Fokus des Forschungsinteresses. Mittlerweile liegen zahlreiche Studien zur
Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen mit VR-Exposition vor. Zudem
beschäftigen sich Metaanalysen mit dem Vergleich einer In-vivo- und
einer In-virtuo-Behandlung. Die Ergebnisse sind insgesamt vielversprechend,
jedoch rechtfertigen sie aktuell noch keine generelle Therapieempfehlung. Nach
wie vor besteht Forschungsbedarf insbesondere hinsichtlich des
Wirksamkeitsnachweises in größeren Studien mit höheren
Fallzahlen.
Reduction of Radiation Exposure in Adrenal Vein Sampling: Impact of the Rapid Cortisol Assay
Authors: Augustin Anne Marie , Dalla Torre Giulia , Fuss Carmina Teresa , Fassnacht Martin , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Kickuth Ralph 
Published: August 2021

Purpose To determine radiation exposure associated with adrenal vein sampling and its reduction by implementing the rapid cortisol assay and modification of the sampling protocol.
Materials and Methods A single-center retrospective study of adrenal vein sampling performed between August 2009 and March 2020 revealed data from 151 procedures. Three subgroups were determined. In group I, a sampling protocol including sampling from the renal veins without the rapid cortisol assay was applied. In group II, blood was sampled using the same protocol but applying the rapid cortisol assay. In group III, a modified sampling protocol was used, in which the additional sampling from the renal veins was dispensed with, while the rapid cortisol assay was retained. Primary endpoints were radiation exposure parameters with dose area product, fluoroscopy time, and effective dose. As secondary endpoints, procedural data including technical success, lateralization, the correlation between patient BMI and radiation exposure, and concordance of lateralization with cross-sectional imaging were investigated. Furthermore, the correlation of aldosterone-cortisol ratios between the adrenal and ipsilateral renal vein was calculated to assess the benefit of sampling from the renal veins.
Results For all procedures performed in the study collective, the median dose area product was 60.01 Gy*cm2 (5.71–789.31), the median fluoroscopy time was 14.90 min (3.27–80.90), and the calculated median effective dose was 12.60 mSv (1.20–165.76). Significant differences in radiation exposure parameters between the study subgroups could be revealed. Dose area product resulted in reductions of 57.94 % after implementation of the rapid cortisol assay and a further 40.44 % after revision of the sampling protocol. Fluoroscopy time was reduced by 40.48 % after integration of the rapid cortisol assay and a further 40.47 % after protocol refinement. Radiation doses were increased in cases of resampling (dose area product 51.31 vs. 118.11 Gy*cm2, fluoroscopy time of 12.48 vs. 28.70 min). A strong correlation between patient BMI and procedural dose area product could be found. After the introduction of the rapid cortisol assay, successive improvement of the technical success rate could be found (33.33 % in group I, 90.22 % in group II and 92.11 % in group III). The correlation of aldosterone-cortisol ratios between adrenal and renal veins was poor.
Conclusion The introduction of the rapid cortisol assay significantly decreased the radiation exposure and increased the technical success rate. Renal vein sampling did not provide further benefit in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism subtype and its omission resulted in a further reduction of radiation dose.
Key Points:

Citation Format
C–H Bond Functionalization of Amines: A Graphical Overview of Diverse Methods
Authors: Seidel Daniel , Dutta Subhradeep , Li Bowen , Rickertsen Dillon R. L. , Valles Daniel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis Graphical Review provides a concise overview of the manifold and mechanistically diverse methods that enable the functionalization of sp3 C–H bonds in amines and their derivatives.
Snake Venoms in Diagnostic Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: Moore Gary William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSnake venoms have evolved primarily to immobilize and kill prey, and consequently, they contain some of the most potent natural toxins. Part of that armory is a range of hemotoxic components that affect every area of hemostasis, which we have harnessed to great effect in the study and diagnosis of hemostatic disorders. The most widely used are those that affect coagulation, such as thrombin-like enzymes unaffected by heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors, which can help confirm or dispute their presence in plasma. The liquid gold of coagulation activators is Russell's viper venom, since it contains activators of factor X and factor V. It is used in a range of clotting-based assays, such as assessment of factor X and factor V deficiencies, protein C and protein S deficiencies, activated protein C resistance, and probably the most important test for lupus anticoagulants, the dilute Russell's viper venom time. Activators of prothrombin, such as oscutarin C from Coastal Taipan venom and ecarin from saw-scaled viper venom, are employed in prothrombin activity assays and lupus anticoagulant detection, and ecarin has a valuable role in quantitative assays of direct thrombin inhibitors. Snake venoms affecting primary hemostasis include botrocetin from the jararaca, which can be used to assay von Willebrand factor activity, and convulxin from the cascavel, which can be used to detect deficiency of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI. This article takes the reader to every area of the diagnostic hemostasis laboratory to appreciate the myriad applications of snake venoms available in diagnostic practice.
Effects of sex and aging on the immune cell landscape as assessed by single-cell transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Huang Zhaohao , Chen Binyao , Liu Xiuxing , Li He , Xie Lihui , Gao Yuehan , Duan Runping , Li Zhaohuai , Zhang Jian , Zheng Yingfeng , Su Wenru 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Differences in immune functioning stem from multiple factors, including sex and aging. However, the specific roles of these variables in immunity remain elusive. We profiled immunocytes from young and old males and females at single-cell resolution and constructed a precise atlas of blood-circulating immunocytes. T cell– and B cell–activated signals were higher in young females than males, while aging increased the sex-related differences in immunocytes, cellular composition, and inflammatory signaling. Additionally, males showed a higher accumulation of inflammatory factors during aging, whereas cell–cell communication analysis revealed different trends in gene expression between females and males with aging. These findings might aid in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex-based differences in immunity and disease susceptibility across the lifespan.
SLC15A4 mediates M1-prone metabolic shifts in macrophages and guards immune cells from metabolic stress
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiko , Nguyen-Tien Dat , Sorimachi Yuriko , Sugiura Yuki , Suzuki Takehiro , Karyu Hitomi , Shimabukuro-Demoto Shiho , Uemura Tatsuki , Okamura Tadashi , Taguchi Tomohiko , Ueki Kohjiro , Kato Norihiro , Goda Nobuhito , Dohmae Naoshi , Takubo Keiyo , Suematsu Makoto , Toyama-Sorimachi Noriko 
Published: August 2021

Significance
SLC15A4 is a lysosome-resident amino acid/oligopeptide transporter that is preferentially expressed in immune cells. SLC15A4 is required for TLR7/9-dependent type I interferon production and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lupus and colitis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of SLC15A4-mediated inflammatory responses are still undetermined. We revealed that SLC15A4 loss disturbed the coupling of glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and SLC15A4-deficient macrophages preferred to use glutamine rather than glucose as a carbon source for the TCA cycle. SLC15A4-deficient macrophages produced low levels of itaconate and proinflammatory IL-12 cytokine members. Our results reveal a mechanism of metabolic regulation in which an amino acid transporter acts as a guardian to allow macrophages to acquire an M1-prone metabolic phenotype.
Measuring the scientific effectiveness of contact tracing: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Fetzer Thiemo , Graeber Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Contact tracing constitutes the backbone of nonpharmaceutical public interventions against COVID-19, as it did with previous pandemics. Experts argue that its importance rises again as vaccination rates increase and the spread of COVID-19 slows, which makes tracing of individual cases possible. However, because randomized experiments on contact tracing are infeasible, causal evidence about its effectiveness is missing. This shortage of evidence is alarming as governments around the world invest in large-scale contact tracing systems, frequently facing a lack of cooperation from the population. Exploiting a large-scale natural experiment, we provide evidence that contact tracing may be even more effective than indicated by previous correlational research. Our findings inform current and future public health responses to the spread of infectious diseases.
Automaticity and prediction in non-native language comprehension
Authors: Ito Aine , Pickering Martin J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Some evidence suggests that prediction is more limited in non-native language (L2) than native language (L1) comprehension. We evaluate the hypothesis that prediction is limited in L2 because prediction is largely non-automatic. We examine whether the subprocesses involved in prediction are unconscious, unintentional, efficient and uncontrollable (Bargh, 1994) to understand the extent to which prediction is automatic in L1 and L2. To unpack the subprocesses in prediction, we draw on Pickering and Garrod’s (2013) proposal that people primarily use their production system for prediction, as well as a more automatic association-based mechanism. We conclude that at least some of the subprocesses in prediction are not fully automatic and suggest that these non-automatic processes can interfere with prediction in L2.
Influence of syntactic complexity on second language prediction
Authors: Chun Eunjin , Chen Si , Liu Shulin , Chan Angel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the influence of syntactic complexity on prediction in second language (L2) processing. In a visual world eye-tracking experiment, we compared L2 listeners’ prediction while processing simple (e.g., The dancer will open/ get the present) vs. complex sentences (e.g., I know the friend of the dancer that will open/ get the present). Prediction was measured by comparing fixations to targets (e.g., present) between semantically biasing (e.g., open) vs. neutral verb (e.g., get) conditions. Results showed that L2 speakers generated predictions while processing complex as well as simple sentences. However, the prediction effect during complex sentence processing emerged somewhat later. These findings suggest that L2 prediction is influenced by syntactic complexity which can increase cognitive load during sentence processing.
Language prediction in second language
Authors: Foucart Alice 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is currently accepted that native speakers regularly predict upcoming elements during language comprehension. Empirical evidence suggests that the ability to predict is not as stable in a second language (L2) compared to the first language (L1). One factor that may affect prediction in an L2 is cross-linguistic influence (CLI). Only a handful of studies have tested this hypothesis. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to raise awareness of the importance of CLI, rather than to draw strong conclusions, and to propose directions for future research. After a brief review of CLI on language processing in general, studies that have investigated the circumstances under which these effects may play a (positive/negative) role with regard to prediction are reviewed.