bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention Time Prediction Using Neural Networks Increases Identifications in Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Giese Sven H. , Sinn Ludwig R. , Wegner Fritz , Rappsilber Juri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrosslinking mass spectrometry (Crosslinking MS) has developed into a robust technique that is increasingly used to investigate the interactomes of organelles and cells. However, the incomplete and noisy information in the spectra limits the numbers of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that can be confidently identified. Here, we successfully leveraged chromatographic retention time (RT) information to aid the identification of crosslinked peptides from spectra. Our Siamese machine learning model xiRT achieved highly accurate RT predictions of crosslinked peptides in a multi-dimensional separation of crosslinkedE. colilysate. We combined strong cation exchange (SCX), hydrophilic strong anion exchange (hSAX) and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography and reachedR20.94 in RP and a margin of error of 1 fraction for hSAX in 94%, and SCX in 85% of the predictions. Importantly, supplementing the search engine score with retention time features led to a 1.4-fold increase in PPIs at a 1% false discovery rate. We also demonstrate the value of this approach for the more routine analysis of a crosslinked multiprotein complexes. An increase of 1.7-fold in heteromeric crosslinked residue-pairs was achieved at 1% residue-pair FDR for Fanconi anaemia monoubiquitin ligase complex, solely using reversed-phase RT. Retention times are a powerful complement to mass spectrometric information to increase the sensitivity of Crosslinking MS analyses.
Understanding learners' completion intention of massive open online courses (MOOCs): role of personality traits and personal innovativeness
Authors: Gupta Kriti Priya 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe present study investigates the influence of five personality traits based on the Big Five model, i.e. extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience and personal innovativeness on learners' intention to complete MOOCs.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was empirically tested using cross-sectional design. The primary data were gathered through a survey of 515 students at five higher educational institutions in the National Capital Region of Delhi, India. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships in the proposed model.FindingsThe study has found significant associations between the personality traits, personal innovativeness and MOOC completion intention. The findings indicate that extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience and personal innovativeness have significant positive effects whereas neuroticism has no significant effect on MOOCs continuance intention. Personal innovativeness has been found to mediate the relationships between all the personality traits and MOOCs completion intention of learners.Practical implicationsOur findings can potentially address the issue of drop-out rates of MOOCs in developing countries such as India. The findings of the study are helpful for MOOCs providers and other stakeholders. The MOOC developers should develop courses with wide scope so as to accommodate learners with different personality profiles. Additionally, during the enrolment process, MOOC providers can identify the students' attributes through personality tests. This will help in customizing the study material and teaching pedagogy as per the needs of the students.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the growing area of research in MOOCs usage by exploring the influence of personality traits on learners' behaviour towards completing MOOCs. Since the learners' intention to complete MOOCs is a major concern for MOOC developers, hence the present study makes a worthwhile contribution as it is a relatively under-researched area.
The management of talent: Optimal contracting for selection and incentives
Authors: Foarta Dana , Sugaya Takuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptimally reallocating human capital to tasks is key for an organization to successfully navigate a transition. We study how to design employment contracts to allocate employees to different valuable projects within an organization given two simultaneous challenges: The employees have private information about their cost of effort, and they exert unobservable effort. The optimal contract menu pairs a higher probability of assignment to a valuable project with a lower bonus in case of success. In limited cases, a fixed salary may be offered to employees with high effort cost. We link our results to job design features encountered in practice.
Persons with pre‐dementia have no Kantian duty to die
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Cong Yali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCooley's argument that persons with pre‐dementia have a Kantian duty to die has led to much debate. Cooley gives two reasons for his claim, the first being that a person with pre‐dementia should end his/her life when he/she will inevitably and irreversibly lose rationality and be unable to live morally as a result. This paper argues that this reason derives from an unsubstantiated premise and general confusion regarding the condition for a Kantian duty to die. Rather, a close reading of Kant reveals that such a condition occurs when a person confronts an external handicap that does not undermine his/her rational ability but deprives him/her of the possibility of living the way a person should. People do not confront this experience with progressive dementia. The other reason Cooley proposes is that a person should not allow their continued existence to become a burden to others. This claim partly stems from a radical interpretation of a case discussed by Kant and is partly based on a misuse of Kant's formulation of humanity. Based on a prudent inference from Kantian ethics, this article argues against Cooley that persons with pre‐dementia have no Kantian duty to die.
Estimating counterfactuals for evaluation of ecological and conservation impact: an introduction to matching methods
Authors: Ribas Luiz G. S. , Pressey Robert L. , Bini Luis M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMatching methods encompass non‐parametric approaches to estimating counterfactual states through a rigorous selection of control units with similar characteristics to units submitted to an intervention. These methods enable comparisons between treated and control units in a way that facilitates understanding of causal relationships between interventions and outcomes. Matching methods have been used only recently in ecology and conservation biology, where such applications changed the way the field investigates causal questions, for example, in impact‐evaluation studies. However, the strengths and limitations of matching methods are not well understood by most ecologists and environmental scientists. Herein, we review state‐of‐the‐art matching methods aiming to help fill this gap in understanding. First, we present relevant theoretical concepts related to matching methods and related subjects such as counterfactual states and causation. Next, we propose guidelines and strategies for the application of matching methods in ecology and conservation biology. Finally, we discuss the possibilities for future applications of matching methods in the environmental sciences.
The Intertwined Past, Present, and Future of Local Natural History Museum and Amateur Naturalism in Tampere, Finland
Authors: Santaoja Minna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe history of natural history museums (NHMs) is closely tied with amateur naturalism, now often discussed as citizen science. This paper discusses the relations between a local NHM and amateur naturalists in Tampere, Finland, in three temporalities: the past, the present, and the future. The analysis highlights the contingencies and materialities of the relations between the museum and naturalists, showing them to be at times close, at other times distant. Local NHMs are facing the same expectations and challenges as larger museums, such as the tension between their research and education functions, and making their collections digitally available. NHMs are expected to participate in creating sustainable futures, looking far ahead. The case proposes the strength of local NHMs may be their embeddedness in local networks and their agility to react to ecosocial changes.
Recollections of Who We Were: Nostalgic Retrospective Perceptions of Japanese Society Following a Visit to a Shōwa‐era Museum
Authors: Anderson David , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Shota 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding visitors' retrospective perceptions in museums as they connect objects with their personal identities and life stories, as well as their collective social identities, is of considerable interest to the museum field. This study employed a multiple case narrative methodology to understand the common perceptual themes of post‐World War II Japanese society between 1955 and 1970 (Shōwa 30–45) held by older Japanese adults following their visit to a Shōwa‐era social history museum. From an inductive analysis ofn = 29 face‐to‐face interviews, five sustaining characteristic themes emerged which were later interpreted through the historical backdrop of the period together with Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) to provide deeper interpretation of the themes. Through their museum experiences, the visitors recalled a society characterized by; (1) close human relationships; (2) strong values and morals; (3) freedom, openness, and peace; (4) struggles and poverty, which could be overcome with patient effort; and, (5) hopes and dreams. These themes were key to the visitors' own identity and values – both personal and collective. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the power of museum experiences to evoke strong nostalgic recollections by Japanese citizens of their unique personal and collective identities, and the characteristics their retrospective memories from the perspective of the present day vantage point. It speaks to the power of the museum, not as a learning or knowledge acquisition experience, but rather in its power to affirm both personal and collective identity and the values that were retrospectively important for these visitors looking back.
Facilitated Making in Museum‐Based Educational Makerspaces
Authors: White Annie M. , Akiva Thomas , Wardrip Peter S. , Brahms Lisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Maker Movement is on the rise and research shows that the ways educators facilitate making activities is a key element of supporting children’s learning and development in this setting. As a field, we need to better understand how educators and children interact in makerspaces and the context that surrounds facilitation. In this study, we describe a research‐practice partnership between 11 museum educators and 4 researchers. Over two years, participants met to reflect on videos of educator‐child interactions and engage in dialog, reflective activities, and interviews around the topic of facilitation. Our collaboration resulted in a Model of Facilitated Making that categorizes types of facilitation moves, describes environmental influences on facilitation, and offers a process for considering techniques educators may use to facilitate. This model offers a framework for reflecting on facilitation in makerspaces, which has implications for practice and future research.
A Quest for Curatorial Authority: Beral Madra and The First Two İstanbul Biennials
Authors: Uner Yilmaz Pinar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the early 1990s, large‐scale, recurring exhibitions, known as biennials, triennials, or the quinquennial exhibition Documenta, have turned into platforms that define contemporary global art. A few years before the turn of such cultural globalization, the First İstanbul Biennial in 1987 planted its roots and turned İstanbul into one of the global contemporary art hubs in the world. This paper examines the first two İstanbul Biennials both organized by Beral Madra,1 one of the prominent curators in Turkey and surveys how Madra struggled to turn these initiatives into recurring prestigious events. Through an examination of Madra’s work, the article proposes a methodological approach to examine biennials outside of the Global North. The paper surveys the conceptual, spatial, and organizational aspects of two landmark exhibitions in Istanbul and their place in the history of contemporary art in Turkey. The paper inspects the theoretical construction of these inaugural exhibitions to reveal the modernist tendencies in the conceptual framework of the First and the Second İstanbul Biennial (September 25 – November 15, 1987 and September 25 – October 31, 1989). It demonstrates the venues selected for display and examines how the formation of these exhibitions became entangled with the cultural policies. Last, it surveys the role of the Curator and how this role served as a mediator between state agencies as actors that founded or sponsored the exhibitions, and the artists, critics, visitors, who were part of the temporary museum event. It illustrates how biennials are temporary museums that are constructed through power dynamics and how the title ‘Curator’ became a hard‐earned credential in the short history of contemporary art in Turkey. The author offers this example as a template of analysis for understanding the curatorial practices in large – scale exhibitions, both in the ‘center’ and in the ‘periphery’.
Integrated analysis of miRNA‐mRNA networks reveals a strong anti‐skin cancer signature in vitiligo epidermis
Authors: Singh Archana , Gupta Aayush , Chowdhary Manish , Brahmbhatt Hemang D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExpression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is often dysregulated in several cancers, including non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Individuals with vitiligo possess a deregulated miRnome along with a lower risk of developing NMSCs. We used data sets from our previously published studies on vitiligo epidermis to construct functional miRNA‐mRNA networks to understand the molecular basis underlying the lower incidence of NMSC observed in individuals with vitiligo. miRTarBase database was used to fetch the experimentally validated targets of differentially expressed miRNAs and two protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the miRNA‐mRNA interactions (230 downregulated targets of 5 upregulated miRNAs and 47 upregulated mRNAs targeted by 12 downregulated miRNAs). Pathway enrichment analysis identified RNA biogenesis and transport as well as cell adhesion to be perturbed in vitiligo. Further, oncogenic transcription factors (OTFs) that were upregulated in publicly available squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) microarray data were compared with that of vitiligo to decode skin cancer‐specific molecular signatures. We identified three significantly upregulated miRNAs, miR‐31‐5p, miR‐31‐3p and miR‐194‐3p in lesional epidermis that could negatively regulate seven oncogenic transcription factors, FOXC1, AR, SP1, YY1, GLI2, TP53 and RARA, known to be over‐expressed in SCC or BCC. Taken together, our study identified a perturbed miRNA‐regulated transcriptome, which potentially confers protection to vitiligo skin from an increased incidence of NMSC.
Predictive ‘biomarker piggybacking’: an examination of reflexive pan‐cancer screening with pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry
Authors: Sholl Lynette M , Zheng Mei , Nardi Valentina , Hornick Jason L 
Published: March 2021

AimsTropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK)‐targeted therapies represent an important therapeutic option for patients with advanced solid tumours harbouring neurotrophin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions. However, NTRK fusions are rare in common adult carcinomas, and systematic approaches to screening for these alterations are lacking. Pan‐TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been proposed as one method to screen for NTRK fusion‐positive tumours. Reflexive testing strategies have been endorsed for several IHC‐based biomarkers, and thus offer a convenient and low‐cost entry point to incorporate pan‐TRK screening.Methods and resultsIn this study, 447 consecutive cases of adult solid tumours undergoing mismatch repair (MMR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and/or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) testing were prospectively stained with pan‐TRK IHC. Four cases (0.9%) were pan‐TRK positive, including three (1.3% of 223) colonic adenocarcinomas, two of which were MMR‐deficient and one (1.4% of 71) was gastroesophageal carcinoma. None of 108 non‐small cell lung carcinomas showed pan‐TRK expression. NTRK gene fusion was confirmed by DNA sequencing in one MMR‐deficient colonic adenocarcinoma. In one MMR‐deficient tumour, an alternative mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) driver was identified. In the oesophageal (squamous cell) carcinoma, RNA sequencing identified relative NTRK2 transcript overexpression in the absence of a fusion. In one MMR‐proficient colonic adenocarcinoma, no MAPK drivers were identified; therefore, a falsely negative sequencing result was favored. None of the patients met clinical criteria for TRK‐targeted therapy.ConclusionThe clinical impact of pan‐TRK IHC ‘piggybacking’ on existing reflexive testing strategies in surgical pathology appears negligible. Carcinomas may rarely show high‐level pan‐TRK expression in the absence of an underlying NTRK fusion event.
HISTORICAL FUTURES
Authors: SIMON ZOLTÁN BOLDIZSÁR , TAMM MAREK 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the agenda of a collective research project that aims to explore modalities of historical futures that constitute our current historical condition. To present the collective work adequately, we have teamed up with History and Theory and initiated a long‐term serial publishing experiment. In the coming years, each issue of the journal will feature contributions to this research endeavor. In our project‐opening piece, we briefly introduce the experiment and the premises of the collective research agenda. We begin by recounting the many ways in which increasingly towering novel future prospects have begun to capture the scholarly world's attention across disciplinary boundaries. We then introduce the notion of historical futures. Crediting theoretical inspirations and paying intellectual debts to conceptual relatives, we define “historical futures” as the plurality of transitional relations between apprehensions of the past and anticipated futures. At the core of the article, we formulate our call for a collective investigation of modalities of historical futures and sketch three basic sets of concerns that the explorative works in this experiment may address: kinds of transitions from past to futures, kinds of anticipatory practices, and kinds of registers as interpretive tools that position such practices on a variety of spectrums between two poles (for instance, a value register with the poles of catastrophic and redemptive futures). Finally, we close with a brief note about the necessity of collective endeavors.
4. EVENTS GETTING AHEAD OF THEMSELVES: RETHINKING THE TEMPORALITY OF EXPECTATIONS
Authors: JUNG THEO 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWhereas most theoretical and historiographical accounts of the event have focused on its present and past dimensions, this article addresses the relatively underexplored phenomenon of the future event. As temporal junctures, events often already elicit effects before they come to pass, and even if they never do. Building on foundational work on the relation between experience and expectation by Hans‐Georg Gadamer and Reinhart Koselleck as well as on current historiographical debates on “past futures,” I develop a threefold typology of the future event, distinguishing between the assumption of the routine event, the expectation of the relative event, and the adumbration of the radical event. Engaging with case studies like the year 2000, the ambivalent character of so‐called media events, and ongoing debates about a possible climate collapse and the COVID‐19 pandemic, I show how reconsidering the complex temporalities of the future event can shed new light on the ways in which past societies made their futures present.
THE ENDURING PUBLIC STRUGGLE TO CONSTRUCT, CONTROL, AND CHALLENGE HISTORICAL MEMORIES
Authors: Kramer Lloyd 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTSumit Guha's History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 develops important arguments about the public significance of historical knowledge and the essential role of historians in public life. All societies need collective memories to sustain their cultural identities, as Guha shows in this wide‐ranging account of how such memories have been constructed in South Asian societies since the thirteenth century. The knowledge of historical experts is increasingly challenged or derided by contemporary social groups and political activists, who circulate their own historical narratives via new networks of communication. Political uses of historical knowledge are not new, however, as Guha shows in detailed accounts of how Hindu, Muslim, and British imperial regimes all used historical narratives to justify their own power. He also explains how other social groups challenged official historical narratives with their own popular stories about the past. This book contributes to recent work in global intellectual history by comparing similarities in the historical practices of premodern Europe and South Asia, discussing the cross‐cultural exchanges in colonial‐era institutions, and describing postcolonial challenges to European ideas. Guha thus offers an insightful analysis of how social and political forces influence and respond to the cloistered institutions that produce historical knowledge and construct collective memories. He concludes that evidence‐based historical narratives must be continually defended amid current public assaults on historical knowledge in both South Asia and the United States. More generally, Guha's book suggests the need for ongoing analysis of how public events, social conflicts, and new communication systems can reshape or discredit the work of historical experts.