bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sulfonyl‐α‐l‐amino acids as potential anti‐Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors
Authors: Galal Alaaeldin M. F. , Mohamed Hanaa S. , Abdel‐Aziz Marwa M. , Hanna Atef G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInosine 5ʹ‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes a crucial step in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA, and it has been exploited as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. The present study discusses the development and synthesis of a series of sulfonyl‐α‐l‐amino acids coupled with the anisamide scaffold and evaluates their activities as anti‐Helicobacter pylori and IMPDH inhibitors. Twenty derivatives were synthesized and their structures were established by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Four compounds (6, 10, 11, and 21) were found to be the most potent and selective molecules in the series with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <17 µM, which were selected to test their inhibitory activities against HpIMPDH and human (h)IMPDH2 enzymes. In all tests, amoxicillin and clarithromycin were used as reference drugs. Compounds 6 and 10 were found to have a promising activity against the HpIMPDH enzyme, with IC50 = 2.42 and 2.56 µM, respectively. Moreover, the four compounds were found to be less active and safer against hIMPDH2 than the reference drugs, with IC50 > 17.17 µM, which makes sure that their selectivity is toward HpIMPDH and reverse to that of amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Also, the synergistic antibacterial activity of compounds 6, 10, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin was investigated in vitro. The combination of amoxicillin/compound 6 (2:1 by weight) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against H. pylori, with MIC = 0.12 µg/ml. The molecular docking study and ADMET analysis of the most active compounds were used to elucidate the mode‐of‐action mechanism.
Anion Templated Supramolecular Structures Assembled using 1,2,3‐Triazole and Triazolium motifs
Authors: Foyle Émer M. , White Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of 1,2,3‐triazole and triazolium motifs to construct anion templated supramolecular structures has grown rapidly over the past decade and has enabled a range of complex structures to be synthesised. In this Minireview we highlight the significant advances that have been made in areas such as foldamers, polymers and interlocked systems.
What Can Performance in the IEDS Task Tell Us About Attention Shifting in Clinical Groups?
Authors: Yearsley James M. , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M. , Ring Melanie , Haenschel Corinna 
Published: February 2021

The Intra‐Extra‐dimensional set shift task (IEDS) is a widely used test of learning and attention, believed to be sensitive to aspects of executive function. The task proceeds through a number of stages, and it is generally claimed that patterns of errors across stages can be used to discriminate between reduced attention switching and more general reductions in rates of learning. A number of papers have used the IEDS task to argue for specific attention shifting difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia, however, it remains unclear how well the IEDS really differentiates between reduced attention shifting and other causes of impaired performance. To address this issue, we introduce a simple computational model of performance in the IEDS task, designed to separate the competing effects of attention shifting and general learning rate. We fit the model to data from ASD and comparison individuals matched on age and IQ, as well as to data from four previous studies which used the IEDS task. Model fits do not show consistent evidence for reductions in attention shifting rates in ASD and Schizophrenia. Instead, we find performance is better explained by differences in learning rate, particularly from punishment, which we show correlates with IQ. We, therefore, argue that the IEDS task is not a good measure of attention shifting in clinical groups.Lay SummaryThe Intra‐Extra‐Dimensional Set shift task (IEDS) is often given to autistic individuals, who tend to make more errors relative to comparison groups. This higher error rate is taken to mean that autistic individuals struggle with attention control. Our computational model of the IEDS shows that the performance of ASD and some other clinical groups can be explained instead by differences in learning rate, rather than differences in attention control.
Understanding the Nature of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal in Liquid Electrolytes: A Review on Growth, Properties, and Application‐Related Challenges
Authors: Nojabaee Maryam , Kopljar Dennis , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of crucial essence for realization of lithium (Li) metal batteries. This article provides an overview of attempts undertaken to understand the nature of the natural SEI, including growth behavior at the open circuit potential and under cycling conditions as well as underlying causes of instabilities. Additionally, the influence of features such as morphology and composition of the SEI and electrolyte properties on the charge transport and transfer mechanism, resulting in distinct growth behavior and overall stability, is elaborated. Finally, it will be discussed how already at the fundamental stage of research, it is crucial to take into account the implications that progressing from coin‐cell level to more realistic cell and cycling conditions has on SEI properties and stability.
Host‐Guest Interactions Enhance the Performance of Viologen Electrolytes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Korshunov Aleksandr , Gibalova Anna , Grünebaum Mariano , Ravoo Bart Jan , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHost‐guest interactions are an attractive approach to design redox electrolytes, enabling to precisely tune the key properties for redox flow batteries such as half‐cell redox potential, solubility, and stability. Herein we report a host‐guest complex of highly water soluble (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin with 1‐decyl‐1′‐ethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dibromide as anolyte in a new aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB). The supramolecular anolyte ensured the total RFB voltage increase of ≈9 % up to 0.97 V and provided a stable capacity delivery for more than 500 cycles with a capacity fade rate of 0.037 %/cycle (2.84 %/day) at high Coulombic (>99.5 %) and energy (>62 %) efficiencies. The results highlight host‐guest interactions as promising strategy towards more effective storage of renewable energy within AORFBs.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part VI: Why does acardiac twinning occur only in the first trimester?
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , Ross Michael G. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M. , Nikkels Peter G. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical observation suggests that acardiac twinning occurs only in the first trimester. In part, this contradicts our previous analysis (part IV) of Benirschke's concept that unequal embryonic splitting causes unequal embryo/fetal blood volumes and pressures. Our aim is to explain why acardiac onset is restricted to the first trimester.MethodsWe applied the vascular resistance scheme of two fetuses connected by arterio‐arterial (AA) and veno‐venous (VV) anastomoses, the small VV resistance approximated as zero. The smaller twin has volume fraction α < 1 of the assumed normal larger twin, and has only access to fraction X < 1 of its placenta; the larger twin's larger mean arterial pressure accesses the remaining fraction. Before 13 weeks, embryos have a much smaller vascular resistance than placentas. After 13 weeks, when maternal blood provides oxygen, smaller twins can increase their vascular volume by hypoxemia‐mediated neovascularization. Estimated AA radii at 40 weeks, rAA(40), are 0.5–1.3 mm.ResultsEmbryos with α < 0.33 unlikely survive 13 weeks and acardiac twinning occurs under appropriate conditions (AA‐VV, small placenta). Acardiac body perfusion occurs because of a much smaller vascular resistance than the placenta. When α > 0.33 and rAA(40)=1.3 mm, modeled survival is >32 weeks.ConclusionBefore 13 weeks, embryos with α < 0.33 cannot survive and may result in the onset of acardia. Beyond 13 weeks, fetuses with α ≥ 0.33 survive because rAA(40) is too small for acardiac onset. Following fetal demise, exsanguination from the live twin increases its blood volume and, we assumed also, its vascular resistance. Perfusion then occurs through the lower resistance placenta.
Readying students for careers in industry: A guided inquiry activity to prepare students for success in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry positions
Authors: Gross Stefan , Sohl Christal D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile science students are well prepared for careers in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences in terms of technical expertise and critical thinking, they rarely have an opportunity to practice the due diligence required for success in industry in their coursework. This includes framing their expertise as solutions to challenges a company may be experiencing, an important skill for the interview process. As most academics have not applied for positions in industry, they may feel ill equipped to help students practice the important skills of framing their expertise within company goals and to discuss the business and financial concepts relevant to careers in scientific industry. Here, we describe an educational activity first developed by a leader in the biotech/pharmaceutical industry that was modified and given educational context by an academic in a class of upper‐level undergraduate and graduate students. In this guided inquiry activity, students were instructed to select a start‐up company in their field—ideally one to which they intended to apply for a job. Students were empowered by scaffolded hands‐on exercises to research the company's scientific focus and finances, and to frame how their expertise could help companies achieve stated goals. Students compiled and delivered their research as an in‐class presentation.
Chief executive officers' sustainability orientation and firm environmental performance: Networking and resource contingencies
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Danso Albert , Dankwah George Obeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough the existing literature supports the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') sustainability orientation (SO) and entrepreneurial behaviour, empirical studies exploring how SO drives firm environmental performance (FEP) are lacking. In addition, the potential moderating effects of firm‐level factors on this relationship are less understood. We contribute to filling this gap by examining the moderating effects of political connections and financial slack on the relationship between SO and FEP. Using data obtained from 297 small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, our results reveal that SO is positively related to FEP. In addition, our results show that the effect of SO on FEP is negative when firms have stronger financial slack and when firms are highly politically connected.
Jail‐based competency treatment comes of age: Multi‐site outcomes and challenges to the implementation of an evidence‐based forensic continuum
Authors: Jennings Jerry L. , Rice Kevin , Baglio Christopher 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe jail‐based competency treatment (JBCT) model has become an established forensic practice across the country. From the perspective of implementation science and the three core elements of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Service (PARiHS) framework, the JBCT model is a remarkable example of how context (an unrelenting and overwhelmingly strong demand for forensic beds) has driven multiple state governments to facilitate implementation of a methodology in the absence of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy. This 7‐year study of outcomes from four JBCT program sites provides this much‐needed evidence by showing that JBCT restored 56% of 1553 male and 336 female patients over an average of 48.7 days. At the same time, the study highlights how variations in JBCT models, methods, and preadmission stabilization time present challenges to planned and effective implementation of evidence‐based practice at the statewide system level. By identifying differential responsiveness to JBCT treatment by diagnosis and other factors, the study suggests preliminary implementation ideas for what types of patients are well served by the JBCT model as part of a continuum of restoration options that includes inpatient, outpatient and diversion. Significant findings showed that JBCT patients were restored at a higher rate and in a shorter time if they were female, < 20 years old (highest restoration rate; those < 60 years old also significantly better rates), free of co‐occurring intellectual and cognitive deficits, and malingering. Of the major diagnoses, schizoaffective disorder required a significantly longer length of JBCT treatment for restoration, and lower restoration rates than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, although this was moderated by a significant interaction with abuse of amphetamines.
Three‐dimensional topography of facial soft tissues for the safer and effective threading procedures
Authors: Lee Kang‐Woo , Yoon Jeung Hyun , Kim Ji‐Soo , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo reduce complications caused by the procedure, the target layer for thread lifting should be the superficial fat or superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face. The aim of this study was to establish the thicknesses of the facial skin and superficial fat using a 3D scanning system to provide basic clinical data for thread lifting.Material and methodsThirty fixed Korean and Thai cadavers (male: 17, female: 13) were used. The depths of the skin and superficial fat were measured using a three dimensional (3D) structured‐light scanner. Facial images of both undissected and removed skin and superficial fat were taken with the 3D scanner. The paths from the temple and the front of the tragus to the infraorbital, perioral, cheek, and mental areas were displayed on the 3D image. The thickness along the path was measured by calculating the difference between the undissected and dissected 3D images.ResultsThe means and standard deviations of thicknesses of the skin and superficial fat were 2.1 ± 0.4 mm and 5.2 ± 1.9 mm in the 11 pathways. The facial skin became thicker going toward the lower aspect of the face from temple to infraorbtial and perioral regions. The thickness of the superficial fat around the marionette line showed the biggest change.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that a 3D scanning system can yield crucial anatomical information about the thickness of the facial skin and superficial fat for use in various minimally invasive clinical procedures including thread lifting.
Insulin gene enhancer protein 1 mediates glycolysis and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer through regulating glucose transporter 4
Authors: Guo Ting , Bai Yan‐Hua , Cheng Xiao‐Jing , Han Hai‐Bo , Du Hong , Hu Ying , Jia Shu‐Qin , Xing Xiao‐Fang , Ji Jia‐Fu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsulin gene enhancer protein 1, (ISL1), a LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor, is involved in multiple tumors and is associated with insulin secretion and metabolic phenotypes. However, the role of ISL1 in stimulating glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the expression pattern of ISL1 in GC patients and explore its molecular biological mechanism in glycolysis and tumorigenesis.MethodsWe analyzed the expression and clinical significance of ISL1 in GC using immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flow cytometry and IncuCyte assays were used to measure cell proliferation after ISL1 knockdown. RNA‐sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to reveal key signaling pathways likely regulated by ISL1 in GC. Alteration of the glycolytic ability of GC cells with ISL1 knockdown was validated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and by detecting glucose consumption and lactate production. The expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and ISL1 was assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. The luciferase reporter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of ISL1 on GLUT4.ResultsHigh levels of ISL1 and GLUT4 expression was associated with short survival of GC patients. ISL1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. KEGG analysis and GSEA for RNA‐sequencing data indicated impairment of the glycolysis pathway in GC cells with ISL1 knockdown, which was validated by reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased ECAR, and increased OCR. Mechanistic investigation indicated that ISL1 transcriptionally regulated GLUT4 through binding to its promoter.ConclusionISL1 facilitates glycolysis and tumorigenesis in GC via the transcriptional regulation of GLUT4.
Development and testing of a tailored online fertility preservation decision aid for female cancer patients
Authors: van den Berg Michelle , van der Meij Elleke , Bos Annelies M. E. , Boshuizen Marieke C. S. , Determann Domino , van Eekeren Ramon R. J. P. , Lok Christianne A. R. , Schaake Eva E. , Witteveen Petronella O. , Wondergem Marielle J. , Braat Didi D. M. , Beerendonk Catharina C. M. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDecision making regarding future fertility can be very difficult for female cancer patients. To support patients in decision making, fertility preservation decision aids (DAs) are being developed. However, to make a well‐informed decision, patients need personalized information tailored to their cancer type and treatment. Tailored cancer‐specific DAs are not available yet.MethodsOur DA was systematically developed by a multidisciplinary steering group (n = 21) in an iterative process of draft development, three rounds of alpha testing, and revisions. The drafts were based on current guidelines, literature, and patients' and professionals' needs.ResultsIn total, 24 cancer‐specific DAs were developed. In alpha testing, cancer survivors and professionals considered the DA very helpful in decision making, and scored an 8.5 (scale 1–10). In particular, the cancer‐specific information and the tool for recognizing personal values were of great value. Revisions were made to increase readability, personalization, usability, and be more careful in giving any false hope.ConclusionsA fertility preservation DA containing cancer‐specific information is important in the daily care of female cancer patients and should be broadly available. Our final Dutch version is highly appraised, valid, and usable in decision making. After evaluating its effectiveness with newly diagnosed patients, the DA can be translated and adjusted according to (inter)national guidelines.
Role of surgery in treating epstein‐barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV‐SMT) with central nervous system invasion: A systemic review from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Lau Ka‐Wei , Hsu Yu‐Wei , Lin Yin‐Ting , Chen Ko‐Ting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV‐SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor occurred almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts. This article provides a systematic review of literature under PRISMA guideline on clinical features, treatment modalities, roles of surgical intervention, and outcomes of all 65 reported EBV‐SMTs with central nervous system (CNS) invasion. Over 95% of reported cases were immunocompromised, while human immunodeficiency virus infection and post‐organ transplantation were the most commonly associated underlying causes (near 90%). Despite a heterogeneous follow‐up period, a 1‐year survival rate of 76.0% and 5‐year survival rate of 59.6% may support the indolent and non‐deadly nature of EBV‐SMT even with CNS invasion. Immune survey and reconstruction should be conducted for every patient with CNS EBV‐SMT. Surgical resection is mostly adopted as primary treatment to obtain diagnosis and relieve compressive effect. A total resection of tumor may be beneficial if tumor was symptomatic and had intracranial invasion.
Linguistic changes during EMDR sessions: A preliminary single‐case study
Authors: Cardazzone Elisa , Gallucci Marcello , Callerame Chiara , Cussino Martina , Gelo Omar , Pasca Paola , Zaccagnino Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have used text analysis software such as Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to study how language modification reflects improvements in individuals’ psychophysical health. The aim of this preliminary single‐case study was to evaluate the linguistic changes occurring during EMDR sessions in a patient suffering from anorexia nervosa. Each weekly session (N = 73) of an entire one‐and‐a‐half‐year treatment was divided into three different stages (pre‐stimulation, stimulation and post‐stimulation phase): the patient's speech was analysed at each phase. Results showed significant changes in the examined linguistic categories: affective processes, cognitive processes, biological processes and non‐fluency words. These changes were observed before, during and after the bilateral stimulations. These results are discussed in the light of previous studies concerning the linguistic changes occurring in traumatic event disclosure. They suggest access and reprocessing of painful events during each session, especially when the clinician uses bilateral stimulation. It is possible to suppose the patient's progressive processing of the traumatic experience, followed by its integration into more adaptive mnemonic networks at the end of the therapeutic session. In conclusion, the observed linguistic changes could be representative of an adaptive resolution of adverse life experiences, allowing the patient to create new connections between thoughts, images and bodily sensations linked to the target memories. The clinical implications and limits of this single‐case study are also discussed.