bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the implementation, utilization, and potential impact of a social franchise model to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Vietnam: a program impact pathway analysis (624.10)
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Menon Purnima , Keithly Sarah , Hajeebhoy Nemat , Tran Lan , Ruel Marie , Rawat Rahul 
Published: June 2021

Program impact pathway (PIP) analysis helps to lay out and study the causal links between program activities, outcomes and impacts. This PIP analysis‐based study examines the pathways by which the Alive & Thrive (A&T) social franchise model is expected to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Vietnam. Mixed methods (surveys, observations, facility assessments) were used to assess the following elements of the PIP: 1) training and knowledge of frontline health workers (FHWs) (n =447); 2) quality of service delivery and communication with clients (n =166); 3) mothers’ service utilization (n = 2,045); and 4) the program’s role in shaping maternal behavioral determinants of IYCF practices. A&T training was associated with improved FHWs’ IYCF knowledge and counseling skills, resulting in higher quality IYCF counseling. Franchise utilization increased from 10% in 2012 to 45% in 2013, but utilization fell far below the expected 9‐15 contacts specified in A&T guidelines. Improvements in breastfeeding knowledge, intentions, and beliefs were greater among mothers in intervention areas with social franchise and mass media, compared to media alone. In conclusion, many aspects of the franchise services are encouraging, but challenges in service delivery and utilization along the PIP should be addressed to achieve the full intended impact.Grant Funding Source: Funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI360
Prebiotic intervention improves dyslipidemia and body composition (624.29)
Authors: Dey Moul , Specker Bonny , Wey Howard , Weidauer Lee , Nichenametla Sailendra 
Published: June 2021

A metabolic health crisis is well recognized as cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality. Effects of RS4, a prebiotic fiber, in comprehensive management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. This study examined the effects of a blinded exchange of resistant starch type‐4 (RS4)‐enriched flour (30% v/v) with regular/control flour (CF) diet on multiple MetS comorbidities. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cluster crossover intervention (n=86, age蠅18, 2 12‐week interventions), individuals were classified as having MetS (With‐MetS) or not having MetS (No‐MetS) following IDF criteria. RS4 consumption compared with CF resulted in 7.2% (p=0.002) lower mean total cholesterol (TC), 5.5% (p=0.04) lower non‐HDL, and a 12.8% (p<0.001) lower HDL cholesterol in the With‐MetS group. Individuals in the No‐MetS group had a 2.6% (p=0.02) smaller waist circumference and 1.5% (p=0.03) lower percent body fat following RS4 intervention compared to CF. A small but significant 1% increase in fat‐free mass also was observed in all participants combined (p=0.02). No significant effect of RS4 was observed for glycemic variables and blood pressure. RS4 consumption improved dyslipidemia and body composition. Functional and adaptable prebiotic food ingredients such as RS4 could be an effective strategy for public metabolic and cardiovascular health promotion. NCT01887964 at clinicaltrials.gov.Grant Funding Source: Funding from MGP Ingredients, Atchison KS (# 3P2662), SDAES (#AH360) to MD , EAM to BS
Education and work incentives for frontline workers and household socioeconomic status influence delivery of health and nutrition interventions in Bihar, India (624.5)
Authors: Avula Rasmi , Kosec Katrina , Holtemeyer Brian , Tyagi Parul , Hausladen Stephanie , Menon Purnima 
Published: June 2021

In Bihar, India, coverage of essential nutrition interventions is low, but little is known about the factors associated with service delivery by FLW and utilization of services by HH. Data: A cross‐sectional survey of 790 FLWs and 6002 HH from 400 villages in 1 district in Bihar. Analysis: Multivariate regression analysis to examine supply‐ and demand‐side determinants of whether HH receive immunization, food supplements (FS), pregnancy care information (PCI) or nutrition information (NI). Supply side determinants varied by outcome: incentives for FLW were marginally positively associated (p<0.1) with immunization; FLW living outside their service areas was negatively associated with FS to HH (p<0.1); FLW education (p<0.05), use of pregnancy registers (p<0.05) and incentives (p<0.05) were positively associated with PCI. Demand side determinants varied by outcome: having a more educated HH head was associated with greater immunization; lower SES HH were more likely to get FS (p<0.05), but higher SES HH (p<0.05) and HH who had visited nutrition centers (p<0.05) were more likely to get NI. Conclusion: FLW education, proximity to area of service, and incentives affect service delivery outcomes, but HH factors are also important. Recruiting more educated candidates as FLW, investing in incentives, and enhancing HH contacts with nutrition centers through demand creation could improve service delivery outcomes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through POSHAN led by IFPRI
Maternal microbiota ő source of novel tools to fight non‐communicable disease risk? (637.12)
Authors: Collado Maria Carmen , Rautava Samuli , Aakko Juhani , Isolauri Erika , Salminen Seppo 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pregnancy and early infancy comprise the most critical stage for programming of later health.Objective: The evolution of microbial contact of mother and her neonate was assessed.Methods: We recruited 43 consecutive women who were scheduled to undergo elective cesarian section at term. Amniotic fluid and placenta samples were taken during delivery in a sterile manner. Fecal and colostrum samples from to mother, meconium and 3‐4 day fecal samples from neonate were collected. Microbial diversity was analyzed by PCR‐DGGE and qPCR. Bacterial presence in placenta and amniotic liquid was further characterized by traditional culturing methods. The subjects with complete set of samples were included in the analysis.Results: Bacterial DNA was present in all samples including placenta, amniotic liquid and colostrum, and qPCR demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus in all samples analyzed. Specific microbes isolated from placenta and amniotic liquid identified as Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus spp. PCR‐DGGE showed diverse DNA fragments shared by the mother and her neonate, such as those belonging to Leuconostoc, Weisella, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp.Interpretation: Microbial contact begins prior to birth and is shaped by the maternal microbiota. The mother and infant share similar microbes in most interfaces. Thus, maternal microbiota may prove a safe and effective target for interventions aiming to reduce the risk of non‐communicable diseases in future generations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Academy of Finland
Effect of caloric and non‐caloric sweeteners on liver lipid metabolism in rats (642.5)
Authors: Janssens Sharon , van Riel Natal , Nicolay Klaas , Prompers Jeanine 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Examine lipid metabolism in liver of rats receiving different caloric and non‐caloric sweeteners using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods: 24 male Wistar rats (343 ± 2 g) were divided into 4 diet groups receiving water (CON), 13% glucose solution (GLU), 13% fructose solution (FRUC), or 0.4% aspartame solution (ASP). After 7 weeks of diet, 1H‐[13C] experiments were performed at baseline and after oral administration of 1.5 g [U‐13C] Algal lipid mixture per kg body weight. Results: After 7 weeks, body weight of GLU animals was higher compared with ASP animals. Although animals in the GLU and FRUC groups consumed less food compared to CON and ASP animals, their total energy consumption was higher due to the excess intake of calories from sugar in their drinking water. Total liver lipid content was higher in GLU and FRUC animals compared with ASP animals. Four hours after the administration of 13C‐labeled lipids, 13C enrichment of intracellular lipids was equally increased in all 4 groups, showing that dietary lipid uptake was not different between groups. Conclusion: The non‐caloric sweetener aspartame did not have any effect on liver lipid content or metabolism. Glucose and fructose consumption resulted in increased lipid content in the liver, which was not accompanied by an increased uptake of dietary lipids and is thus likely caused by elevated lipogenesis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB)
Brain biomarkers derived by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy may indicate brain energetic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (643.12)
Authors: Taylor Matthew , Swerdlow Russell , Vidoni Eric , Morris Jill , Sullivan Debra , Burns Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Metabolic changes in the brain have been proposed to lend to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiology. Proton Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows in‐vivo measurement of brain metabolites that have been implicated in brain energy metabolism.METHODS: 120 subjects 蠅65 years old (58 non‐demented, CDR 0; 50 very mild AD, CDR 0.5; and 12 mild AD, CDR 1.0) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Brain concentrations of n‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), myoinositol (MI), glutamate+glutamine (Glu+Gln) and creatine (Cr) were measured in 6 different brain regions via MRS. ANOVA was performed using CDR 0 as the control.RESULTS: MI was elevated in posterior gray matter in both AD groups (p=.01, p=.05) and elevated exclusively in CDR 0.5 in left frontal white matter (p=.04) and right frontal white matter (p=.04). NAA was reduced in CDR 0.5 left frontal white matter (p=.05) and left temporal white matter (p=.04) and reduced in CDR 1.0 expressed as NAA/Cr in posterior gray matter (p=.01). Glu+Gln/Cr was reduced in in both AD groups in posterior gray matter (p=.04, p=.01) and right temporal white matter (p=.04, p=.02) and in left frontal white matter (p=.02) in CDR 0.5.DISCUSSION: Biomarkers measured by MRS suggest differences in brain metabolism in AD compared to non‐demented aging. Causality of these changes and their consequence in AD is unknown. It is desirable to know whether diet or therapy could play a role in normalizing biomarker concentrations and offer benefit in AD.
Synergistic anti‐cancer effects of capsaicin and 3,3’‐diindolylmethane in human colorectal cancer, involvement of NF‐κB and p53 (644.11)
Authors: Clark Ruth , Lee Seong Ho 
Published: June 2021

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A promising area of cancer research is focused on chemoprevention by nutritional compounds. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong negative correlation between fruit, vegetable and spice intake and rates of cancer. Although individual active compounds have demonstrated significant anti‐cancer activity, an emerging area of research is focusing on the combination of multiple dietary compounds on cancer that act synergistically to exert greater effects. In the current study, we evaluated potential synergistic effects of capsaicin, an active compound from red chili peppers, in combination with 3,3'‐Diindolylmethane (DIM), from cruciferous vegetables. A synergistic induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in the human colorectal cancer cells treated with combination of capsaicin and DIM. We also observed that these two compounds activated transcriptional activity of NF‐kB and p53 synergistically. Combination treatment stabilized nuclear p53 and up‐ or down‐regulated expression of several target genes that are downstream of NF‐kB and p53. The present study suggests capsaicin and DIM work synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer through modulating transcriptional activity of NF‐κB, p53 and target genes associated with apoptosis.Grant Funding Source: American Cancer Society, University of Maryland
Justicidin A‐induced autophagy inhibits apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells (644.7)
Authors: Su Chun‐Li , Wu Hsing‐Chih 
Published: June 2021

Justicidin A (JA) is a new and pure arylnaphthalide lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens, which has been used as an herbal remedy in Taiwan and China for fever, cancer, and pain. Our previous report shows that JA induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep 3B cells, leading to the suppression of tumor cell growth in NOD‐SCID mice. Here we reveal that treatment of JA not only increased the expression of autophagic marker microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain‐II (LC3‐II) by immunoblotting, but also augmented the formation of acidic vesicular organelles by flow cytometry. Administration of autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BAF) increased protein expression of LC3‐II and lysosomal marker LAMP2a and decreased colocalization of LC3 and LAMP2a puncta by confocal microscopy, confirming that JA not only induced autophagy but also completed the autophagic flux. JA‐induced autophagy was observed via activation of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, and was not associated with inhibition of class I PI3K/Akt/mTOR or induction of class III PI3K/Beclin 1 pathway. The novelty of JA is that pre‐treatment of cells with BAF elevated the percentages of cells at sub‐G1 phase and raised the expression of cleaved caspase 3. All together, our data suggest the use of autophagy inhibitor should be taken into consideration to enhance the chemotherapeutic potential of JA for treatment of human HCC.Grant Funding Source: Supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, No. NSC 98‐2313‐B‐003‐002‐MY3
Variants in the β,β‐carotene monooxygenase‐1 gene are associated with elevated plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in young Mexican adults (645.19)
Authors: Marques Courtney , Andrade Flavia , Aradillas‐Garcia Celia , Erdman John , Teran‐Garcia Margarita 
Published: June 2021

Retinoic acid and retinol are important mediators of a multitude of metabolic processes in the human body, including lipid metabolism. Major dietary precursors of retinoids include the pro‐vitamin A carotenoids. Beta‐carotene, which is cleaved by the enzyme BCMO1, can be a principle source of retinoic acid in the diet. Within the BCMO1 gene, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6564851 and rs10048138) have been found to affect activity of this enzyme. Previously, associations between these SNPs and plasma lipid levels have been observed in U.S. cohorts but have not been replicated in the Mexican population. Our objective was to examine the association between differences in genotype of BCMO1‐rs6564851 and rs10048138 and plasma lipid levels in a cohort of young Mexican adults (n=374). DNA was obtained from whole blood and was genotyped using the Taqman system. General linear models were used to systematically analyze associations. Both SNPs were in Hardy‐Weinberg Equilibrium with minor allele frequencies of 0.53 and 0.29, respectively. We found a genetic association between a haplotype constructed with these two SNPs and plasma HDL‐C levels. Regardless of BMI category and smoking status, minor allele carriers were associated with elevated plasma HDL‐C (p<0.02). These results suggest that the SNPs in the BCMO1 gene could confer changes in enzyme activity that could affect risk for dyslipidemia.Grant Funding Source: University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Research Board grant 09070 (to F. Andrade)
Mice fed vitamin A‐modified diets develop distinct levels of tissue retinol depending on growth stage and vitamin A exposure (645.23)
Authors: Wei Cheng‐Hsin , Chen Qiuyan , Ross A. 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growth stage (age) and dietary vitamin A (VA) on retinoid levels in plasma and main retinoid storage organs in a mouse model that is commonly used for immunological research. A purified VA‐marginal diet was fed to Balb/C dams from pregnancy until pups were weaned. Post‐weaning pups (total n=46) were randomized to 4 diet groups and fed VA‐deficient, marginal, adequate, and supplement diets, which contains 0, 0.35, 4, and 100 μg retinol as retinyl palmitate/g diet, respectively. Tissues were collected from newborn (0 d), neonatal (14 d), young adult (4‐wk), and adult (8‐wk) mice and analyzed for total retinol (ROH) by UPLC. A dose‐response relationship was observed in liver and lung, but not plasma. Surprisingly, the liver and lung ROH levels in VA‐deficient and marginal groups for young adult and adult mice were higher as compared to those in rats previously studied in our laboratory. The results suggested that under VA‐adequate and supplemented conditions mice are capable of accumulating high levels of VA in tissues, especially in lung, with some accumulation even on a VA‐marginal diet. Additionally, there were small but significant differences in the percentage of immune cell populations in lung and spleen between VA‐deficient and supplemented mice. Understanding VA physiology in the growing mouse will be helpful in making the best use of this common animal model.Grant Funding Source: NIH DK‐41479
Effect of a 2‐week intense life‐style intervention followed by 6‐month carotenoid supplementation on fat depots, aditonectin and palmitoleate: a 6‐month double blind placebo‐controlled pilot study in obese children (645.6)
Authors: Canas Jose , Lochrie Amanda , Galena McGowan Amy , Schettino Christopher , Hossain Jobayer , Balagopal Prabhakaran 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT and VAT) contribute to the established association between obesity and metabolic risk, likely through signaling molecules that regulate insulin resistance (IR). High molecular weight adiponectin (HMW‐ADI) and C16:1n7‐palmitoleate (PAL) play crucial roles in this respect. Carotenoids have emerged as possible adiposity ameliorating agents, but their role in the regulation of these signals and their impact on fat depots remain less clear. Method and Design: Of the 21 obese children recruited, 17 (Age = 10.5 ± 5 years) completed a randomized double blind placebo controlled study of a 2‐week intense lifestyle intervention program (LSIP) followed by 6 months of carotenoid supplementation (Jarrow Formulas CaroteneAll®). β‐carotene, HMW‐ADI, glucose, insulin and PAL were measured. HOMA‐IR was calculated and the percent change in VAT and SAT were determined by cross‐sectional multi‐slice MRI (1.5‐T; GE Medical Systems) and DEXA (QDR‐4500W; Hologic) at baseline and 6 mo.Results: β‐carotene was inversely related to BMI‐Z; VAT and SAT (p<0.05 for all). Supplementation resulted in 95 ± 66% increase in β‐carotene at 6 months as compared to 3 ± 19% decrease in the placebo group (p=0.001). HMW‐ADI increased by 43% ± 88% (p<0.03) with the supplement and decreased by 5.6 ± 37% (p = NS) in the placebo group. PAL was lowered by 16 ± 36% at 6 months (p = 0.03) in the supplement group. There were no significant changes in triglycerides or HOMA‐IR. There was a 4% decrease in mean SAT by MRI and an 8% decrease in mean estimated VAT by DEXA (p< 0.05 for all) in the supplement group.Conclusion: The study results showing an increase in HMW‐ADI and a decrease in PAL along with beneficial changes in fat depots in response to the 2‐week LSIP followed by carotenoid supplementation are novel in obese children. The mechanistic role of these divergent changes warrants further investigation.
Iron biofortified beans improve iron status in Rwandan University women: results of a feeding trial (646.1)
Authors: Haas Jere , Luna Sarah , Lung'aho Mercy , Ngabo Fidel , Wenger Michael , Murray‐Kolb Laura , Beebe Steve , Gahutu Jean‐Bosco , Egli Ines 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine the efficacy of an iron biofortified bean intervention on iron status in iron depleted young women.Methods: 257 Rwandan university women (18‐27 y) with screening ferritin <20 μg/L were randomized to consume ~155 g/d, dry wt. of either iron biofortified beans (Fe=78 mg/g) or control beans (Fe=59 mg/g) per day for 135 days. Iron status (hemoglobin‐Hb, ferritin‐Fer, transferrin receptor‐TfR, body iron‐BI), inflammation (CRP, AGP), and anthropometric indices were determined at enrollment, 7 random midpoints and after 135 days. Difference‐in‐difference analysis plus repeated measures ANOVA and linear and binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on iron status.Results: At baseline, for the 231 study subjects who completed the study, 34% were anemic (Hb <120 g/L), 73% had Fer <15.0 μg/L) and 48% had negative BI stores (Cook’s algorithm). After 135 days of feeding, there was significant group difference in change in Hb (difference=3.5 g/L, p<.001) and BI (difference=0.45 mg/kg, p=.033) in the high iron compared to control group. Also, 54 of 109 women with negative BI at baseline increased their BI by 1.5 mg/kg, with 30% more responders in the high iron compared to the control group.Conclusions: Consumption of iron‐biofortified beans over 4.5 months improved iron status in iron depleted Rwandan women.Grant Funding Source: HarvestPlus/IFPRI
Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 decreases stress‐associated diarrhea‐related symptoms and ultimately self‐reported stress in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (647.21)
Authors: Nieves Carmelo , Rowe Cassie , Culpepper Tyler , Christman Mary , Langkamp‐Henken Bobbi 
Published: June 2021

Psychological stress is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) distress. This study determined whether probiotics could normalize stress‐associated GI distress and ultimately reduce overall stress. Undergraduate students (20±2 y) undergoing academic stress (final exams at wks 4 to 5) consumed a probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, or Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis R0033) or a placebo (n=142 to 147/grp) and self‐reported stress (0=no stress to 10=extremely stressed) daily for 6 wks. Each wk participants scored 4 diarrhea‐related symptoms (DS, 1=no discomfort to 7=severe discomfort) using the GI Symptom Response Scale; scores were summed. Stress was positively related to DS (P=0.0562). DS were lower with B. bifidum vs placebo at wks 2 and 5 and vs L. helveticus at wk 5. There was an interaction between the intervention and antibiotic use in the prior wk where DS were higher with antibiotics with L. helveticus (P=0.056) and placebo (P=0.009). There was no difference in DS with or without antibiotic use with B. bifidum or B. longum. Only B. bifidum had an effect on stress scores (P=0.009) which was also dependent on hours of sleep where the stress score decreased by 0.13 for each additional hour of sleep. These data suggest that during a stressful period B. bifidum decreases DS, even in the presence of antibiotics, and ultimately decreases self‐reported stress scores.Grant Funding Source: Lallemand Health Solutions