bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the model-to-code abstraction gap with fuzzy logic in model-based regression test selection
Authors: Cazzola Walter , Ghosh Sudipto , Al-Refai Mohammed , Maurina Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegression test selection (RTS) approaches reduce the cost of regression testing of evolving software systems. Existing RTS approaches based on UML models use behavioral diagrams or a combination of structural and behavioral diagrams. However, in practice, behavioral diagrams are incomplete or not used. In previous work, we proposed a fuzzy logic based RTS approach called FLiRTS that uses UML sequence and activity diagrams. In this work, we introduce FLiRTS 2, which drops the need for behavioral diagrams and relies on system models that only use UML class diagrams, which are the most widely used UML diagrams in practice. FLiRTS 2 addresses the unavailability of behavioral diagrams by classifying test cases using fuzzy logic after analyzing the information commonly provided in class diagrams. We evaluated FLiRTS 2 on UML class diagrams extracted from 3331 revisions of 13 open-source software systems, and compared the results with those of code-based dynamic (Ekstazi) and static (STARTS) RTS approaches. The average test suite reduction using FLiRTS 2 was 82.06%. The average safety violations of FLiRTS 2 with respect to Ekstazi and STARTS were 18.88% and 16.53%, respectively. FLiRTS 2 selected on average about 82% of the test cases that were selected by Ekstazi and STARTS. The average precision violations of FLiRTS 2 with respect to Ekstazi and STARTS were 13.27% and 9.01%, respectively. The average mutation score of the full test suites was 18.90%; the standard deviation of the reduced test suites from the average deviation of the mutation score for each subject was 1.78% for FLiRTS 2, 1.11% for Ekstazi, and 1.43% for STARTS. Our experiment demonstrated that the performance of FLiRTS 2 is close to the state-of-art tools for code-based RTS but requires less information and performs the selection in less time.
Well-being Indicators: a Review and Comparison in the Context of Italy
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Siletti Elena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterest in the well-being measurement is constantly increasing worldwide, especially due to the Stiglitz Commission suggestions, which opened several questions about its assessment and theoretical framework. This paper focuses on the Italian scenario due to the central role given to this topic by the Italian Parliament, which introduces equitable and sustainable well-being among the objectives of the government’s economic and social policy. Significant differences exist among the proposed Italian well-being indices in terms of theoretical approach, statistical rigour and aims. We propose a detailed outline of these indices useful for policy-makers, practitioners, economists and statistics scholars, with the awareness that for a good analysis, a complete and conscious description of the data is the starting point to further improve their usefulness, to maximise their advantages and to cut down their limitations.
Aggregation induced emission of chalcones
Authors: Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is always a need for efficient luminescent materials with simple synthesis and possible ease of hydrogen atom or functional group manipulation for use in different optoelectronic and biological applications. However, for certain real-world uses aggregation caused quenching effect of luminophores in their solid/aggregate state is undesirable, and is a cause of concern in areas, wherein the solid-state optical performance is more crucial. In this regard, chalcones have been explored for their ability to display aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE), which can be of practical use. This article is thus focused on an integrated evidence-based report on the AIE/AIEE-active chalcone systems for potential technological and biological applications.
Graphic abstract
Bedrohungsmanagement: deeskalieren, bevor etwas passiert
Authors: Guldimann Angela , Brunner Reinhard , Habermeyer Elmar 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die Arbeit des Kantonalen Bedrohungsmanagements (KBM) Zürich vorgestellt. Personen, die durch ihre Kommunikation und/oder ihr Verhalten Hinweise auf ein mögliches Gewaltpotenzial zeigen (sog. Gefährder), sollen frühzeitig erkannt, eingeschätzt und so risikobehaftete Entwicklungen entschärft werden. Forensische Fachpersonen der Fachstelle Forensic Assessment & Risk Management (FFA) der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Zürich unterstützen die polizeilichen Gewaltschützer darin, ein tragfähiges Fallverständnis im Hinblick auf die (psychisch kranken) Gefährder zu erarbeiten. Das Fallverständnis gilt es, im Rahmen von Gefährderansprachen sorgfältig zu überprüfen. In dieser Arbeit wird zudem erläutert, wie das KBM Behörden und Institutionen in der Einschätzung und im Management mit möglichen Gefährdern unterstützt. Hierbei werden potenzielle Fallstricke der Behördenmitglieder im Umgang mit Querulanten reflektiert, aber auch die Fürsorgepflicht des Arbeitgebers bzw. der betroffenen Behörden in den Fokus gerückt. Zuletzt werden auch Gefahren des Bedrohungsmanagementansatzes reflektiert, und es wird für höchstmögliche Transparenz gegenüber den potenziellen Gefährdern sowie den Bürgern und Bürgerinnen plädiert.
Retrospective evaluation of landslide susceptibility maps and review of validation practice
Authors: Fleuchaus Paul , Blum Philipp , Wilde Martina , Terhorst Birgit , Butscher Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread application of landslide susceptibility analyses, there is hardly any information about whether or not the occurrence of recent landslide events was correctly predicted by the relevant susceptibility maps. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate four landslide susceptibility maps retrospectively in a landslide-prone area of the Swabian Alb (Germany). The predictive performance of each susceptibility map is evaluated based on a landslide event triggered by heavy rainfalls in the year 2013. The retrospective evaluation revealed significant variations in the predictive accuracy of the analyzed studies. Both completely erroneous as well as very precise predictions were observed. These differences are less attributed to the applied statistical method and more to the quality and comprehensiveness of the used input data. Furthermore, a literature review of 50 peer-reviewed articles showed that most landslide susceptibility analyses achieve very high validation scores. 73% of the analyzed studies achieved an area under curve (AUC) value of at least 80%. These high validation scores, however, do not reflect the high uncertainty in statistical susceptibility analysis. Thus, the quality assessment of landslide susceptibility maps should not only comprise an index-based, quantitative validation, but also an additional qualitative plausibility check considering local geomorphological characteristics and local landslide mechanisms. Finally, the proposed retrospective evaluation approach cannot only help to assess the quality of susceptibility maps and demonstrate the reliability of such statistical methods, but also identify issues that will enable the susceptibility maps to be improved in the future.
Exploring distribution of potentially toxic elements in soil profiles to assess the geochemical background and contamination extent in soils of a metallurgical and industrial area in Kosovo
Authors: Protano Giuseppe , Di Lella Luigi Antonello , Nannoni Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis geochemical study explored the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, U, and Zn, along soil profiles of a metallurgical and industrial area in Kosovo, with the aim of assessing geochemical background and contamination threshold of PTEs in soil, and defining surface and vertical level and extent of soil contamination by PTEs. The geochemical background was assessed by exploratory data analysis of PTE concentrations in soil profiles. The upper limit of geochemical background (contamination threshold) was used as reference value to calculate the single pollution index and establish the PTE contamination level. Cadmium, Pb, Sb, Zn were the primary soil contaminants and As, Cu, Tl the secondary ones. The main sources of soil contaminants were the Zvecan smelter for Pb, Sb, As, Cu, Tl, and the Trepca industrial complex for Cd and Zn. The highest levels of Pb and Sb contamination were found up to depths between 30 and 60 cm in soil profiles within 5 km north and south-east of the Zvecan smelter. Contamination by Pb and Sb decreased with depth and affected the whole thickness of soil profiles closer the smelter. Cadmium and Zn contamination declined with distance from the Trepca industrial complex and decreased with depth, extending down to depths of 40–90 cm and 30–70 cm, respectively. Anomalous natural concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni were found in soils collected in the northern part of the study area, where the geology consists mainly of ultrabasic and basic magmatic rocks.
The Influence of Types of Stimulation and Attitudes to Clitoral Self-stimulation on Female Sexual and Orgasm Satisfaction: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hoy Madita , van Stein Katharina , Strauss Bernhard , Brenk-Franz Katja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSocietal assumptions and individual myths that define vaginal penetration as normal sexuality can affect the sexual pleasure of varied sexual activities. Although women orgasm much more easily through direct clitoral stimulation than through vaginal intercourse, many couples desire the latter. The purpose of this study is to investigate how orgasms from different types of stimulation with a partner affect sexual satisfaction and orgasm satisfaction in cisgender women. Also, the attitude of women to stimulate their clitoris themselves to reach orgasm during sex with their partner will be included.MethodsTwo independent surveys (N = 388 and N = 555) were conducted online in 2016 and 2020.ResultsRegression analyses showed that orgasm consistency through sexual intercourse had a stronger influence on orgasm satisfaction and sexual satisfaction than orgasm consistency through oral sex, stimulation by the partner’s hand, or self-stimulation. Positive thoughts and feelings about self-stimulation of the clitoris during sex with the partner showed only little effect, but in some cases, they were even negatively related to the reported satisfaction.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the common misconception about sexuality, that it is normal for women to experience orgasms during penile-vaginal intercourse, influences the subjective evaluation of one’s own sexuality. Orgasms from clitoral stimulation seem to have a second-class quality for some women, although there is no evidence that these orgasms feel like less pleasureable.Policy ImplicationRigid assumptions about what normal sexuality should look like should be publicly addressed and discussed in sex education classes.
On the K(1)-local homotopy of $$\mathrm {tmf}\wedge \mathrm {tmf}$$
Authors: Culver Dominic Leon , VanKoughnett Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a step towards understanding the$$\mathrm {tmf}$$tmf-based Adams spectral sequence, we compute theK(1)-local homotopy of$$\mathrm {tmf}\wedge \mathrm {tmf}$$tmf∧tmf, using a small presentation of$$L_{K(1)}\mathrm {tmf}$$LK(1)tmfdue to Hopkins. We also describe theK(1)-local$$\mathrm {tmf}$$tmf-based Adams spectral sequence.
Frailty predicts failure to discharge patients home from a subacute-care unit: a 3-year Italian experience
Authors: Mazzola Paolo , Buttò Valeria , Elli Simona , Galluccio Riccardo , Domenici Giulia , Stella Valentina , Haas Justin , Peschi Gianluca , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Annoni Giorgio , Bellelli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe primary purpose of Subacute Care Units (SCU) is to decongest acute hospital wards and facilitate the return of older patients to home.AimsWe analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to an Italian SCU, and we explored factors associated with discharge to locations other than home (outcome).MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a medium-sized suburban hospital, enrolling all patients consecutively admitted to one SCU from October 2017 to February 2020. We collected demographics, cause of admission, comorbidities, cognition, Barthel Index (BI), nutritional status, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), length of stay, and discharge destination. Delirium was screened with the 4AT score. We adopted a multivariable conditional logistic regression model to identify the factors associated with the outcome.ResultsFrail subjects accounted for 58.6% of 406 patients (mean age 78.2 years, SD 11.6), while 61% were classified as functionally dependent. More than half of patients had relevant comorbidity, approximately 80% had a poor nutritional status, and 25% had pre-existing dementia. The overall prevalence of delirium was 14.5%. Most patients came from a hospital setting; recurrent reasons for admission were infections (70.5%) and heart failure (12.7%). Having a urinary bladder catheter at discharge, being overtly frail (CFS > 8), and low BI score were factors independently associated with not being discharged home.Discussion and conclusionThe routine assessment of frailty, as expressed by the CFS, may help redirecting the patients eligible for SCU admission.
Drawing mechanisms for top coal in longwall top coal caving (LTCC): A review of two decades of literature
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Yang Shengli , Wei Weijie , Zhang Jinwang , Song Zhengyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review details the state of the art in research on top coal drawing mechanisms in Longwall top coal caving (LTCC) by examining the relevant literature over the last two decades. It starts with an introduction of the brief history and basic procedures of LTCC. The framework of research on the drawing mechanism, basic concepts, and some theoretical models of LTCC are detailed in sect. research framework of top coal drawing mechanism. The authors note that the Top coal drawbody (TCD), Top coal boundary (TCB) and Top coal recovery ratio (TCRR) are key factors in the drawing mechanism. The Body–boundary–ratio (BBR) research system has been the classic framework for research over the last 20 years. The modified Bergmark–Roos model, which considers the effects of the supporting rear canopy, flowing velocity of top coal, and its shape factor, is optimal for characterizing the TCD. A 3D model to describe the TCB that considers the thicknesses of the coal seam and roof strata is reviewed. In sect. physical testing and numerical simulation, the physical tests and numerical simulations in the literature are classified for ease of bibliographical review, and classic conclusions regarding the drawing mechanism of top coal are presented and discussed with elaborate illustrations and descriptions. The deflection of the TCD is noted, and is caused by the shape of the rear canopy. The inclined coal seam always induces a larger TCD, and a deflection in the TCD has also been observed in it. The effects of the drawing sequence and drawing interval on the TCRR are reviewed, where a long drawing interval is found to lead to significant loss of top coal. Its flowing behavior and velocity distribution are also presented. Sect. practical applications of drawing mechanisms for LTCC mines 4 summarizes over 10 cases where the TCRR of LTCC mines improved due to the guidance of the drawing mechanism. The final section provides a summary of the work here and some open questions. Prospective investigations are highlighted to give researchers guidance on promising issues in future research on LTCC.
Regulatory Lag, Regulatory Friction and Regulatory Transition as FinTech Disenablers: Calibrating an EU Response to the Regulatory Sandbox Phenomenon
Authors: Ahern Deirdre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith transformative evolution involving crypto-assets, machine learning applications and data-driven finance models, complex regulatory and policy issues are emerging. Inadequate frameworks in FinTech markets create regulatory friction and regulatory fragmentation. These limitations continue to feature when piecemeal regulatory transition occurs. The danger of EU Member States being left behind in the FinTech innovation race if the regulatory landscape is cumbersome or incomplete for new business models is real. Regulatory lag and regulatory friction also act as a ‘disenabler’ for ease of cross-border FinTech trade in the EU. This article critically engages with the manner in which the regulatory sandbox has rapidly gained critical mass in Member States as a valuable adaptive measure supporting a route to market for FinTech entrepreneurs. Against the backdrop of the European Commission’s Digital Finance Strategy, the article further advances scholarship on FinTech in the EU by probing the EU’s resulting regulatory dilemma, undertaking a systematic evaluation of the continuum of complex policy options available to the European Union in response to the spreading regulatory sandbox phenomenon.
Fragile X-Related Protein 1 (FXR1) Promotes Trophoblast Migration at Early Pregnancy via Downregulation of GDF-15 Expression
Authors: Hong Wei , Chen Jin-Hong , Ma Hong-jiao , Li-Li  , Li Xiao-Cui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1) is an RNA-binding protein that can regulate specific mRNA decay in cells. Our previous study showed that FXR1 expression was significantly decreased in trophoblasts from patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the role of FXR1 in trophoblast function during early placenta development has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that knockdown of FXR1 using siRNA effectively inhibited the migration of HTR-8 cells and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) outgrowth in an ex vivo extravillous explant culture model. Furthermore, through analysis of a panel of cytokines, we found that the GDF-15 protein was upregulated after knockdown of FXR1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. This was further confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence in HTR-8/SVneo cells and an extravillous explant. Our data also showed that FXR1 expression was downregulated and GDF-15 was upregulated in chorionic villous tissues from RSA patients compared with those from healthy controls (HCs). Further, immunohistochemistry showed a strong expression of GDF-15 in chorionic villous tissue in the RSA group, which was mainly distributed in villous trophoblasts (CTBs) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs). Moreover, knockdown of GDF-15 enhanced the migration of HTR-8 cells, while overexpression of GDF-15 using plasmid or treatment with recombinant human GDF-15 protein inhibited trophoblast migration. Importantly, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation showed that FXR1 directly bound to the 3′-UTR of GDF-15 mRNA to promote GDF-15 mRNA decay. Together, our data provide new insight into the function of FXR1 in human placenta via regulation of GDF-15 expression in trophoblasts and suggest a possible pathological process involved in RSA.
No Change in the Use of Antivenom in Copperhead Snakebites in Ohio
Authors: Plash Walker B. , Stolz Uwe , Goertemoeller Sheila , Otten Edward J. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Historically, copperhead snake ( Agkistrodon contortrix) envenomations were not treated with antivenom owing to related adverse events and little benefit. However, recent studies have shown improved outcomes with antivenom use. We hypothesized that the frequency of antivenom use for copperhead envenomation in Ohio has increased as benefits of administration became more widely known. Methods All copperhead snakebites reported to the Ohio poison control centers from 2006 through 2016 were compiled. Antivenom use, bite severity, and disposition were abstracted. A nonparametric test for trend was used to evaluate changes over time for the number of patients treated with antivenom and patient disposition. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of admission vs discharge with antivenom administration, bite severity, age, and sex as independent variables. Results Ninety-eight patients reported copperhead snakebites to the poison control centers. The test of trend showed no change in the proportion of patients treated with antivenom by year ( P=0.42). There was no difference in the proportion of patients discharged home ( P=0.38) per year. Logistic regression showed antivenom use was associated with an odds ratio for admission of 46.7 (95% CI: 7.3–296.4). Conclusions The frequency of antivenom use for copperhead bites did not significantly increase between 2006 and 2016. Administration of antivenom was associated with a large increase in the odds of admission to the hospital, even when controlling for bite severity. Further education regarding the benefits and safety of antivenom may increase its use for copperhead snakebites, but may lead to an increase in hospital admissions.
The Superiority of Women in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: DESLAURIERS MARGUERITE 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly feminist or pro-woman works often combine the claim that the rational souls of men and women are the same with an argument for the superiority of women. This article considers two such works, Lucrezia Marinella's The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men (Venice, 1601 [1999]) and Marguerite Buffet's In Praise of Illustrious Learned Women, both Ancient and Modern (Paris, 1668), in order to show the continuities and distinctive features of feminist arguments for superiority, to emphasize the differences in the conceptions of reason and physiology that distinguish them, and to demonstrate that claims of superiority persisted even as those defending women's worth began to adopt egalitarian positions.
Leveraging a qualitative data repository to integrate patient and caregiver perspectives into clinical research
Authors: Christensen Vivian , Parker Kellee , Cottrell Erika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding patient and caregiver experiences is a critical component of the conception, design, and implementation of clinical research studies. The “Database of Individual Patient Experiences” (DIPEx) is an innovative, evidence-based approach for eliciting rich information about health experiences. We conducted a formative evaluation with 14 pediatric oncology researchers to assess the value of using data from a DIPEx study on patient and caregiver experiences with childhood cancer to inform patient-centered research in pediatric oncology. Participants identified barriers to incorporating patient perspectives and experiences into their research and how the DIPEx approach could be leveraged to facilitate this practice.