bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sterically hindered (pyridyl)benzamidine palladium(II) complexes: Syntheses, structural studies, and applications as catalysts in the methoxycarbonylation of olefins
Authors: Akiri Saphan O. , Ojwach Stephen O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReactions of ligands (E)‐N′‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐N‐(4‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)benzimidamide (L1), (E)‐N′‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐N‐(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)benzimidamide (L2), (E)‐N′‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐N‐(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)benzimidamide (L3), (E)‐N′‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐N‐(4‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)benzimidamide (L4), and (E)‐N‐(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐N′‐phenylbenzimidamide (L5) with [Pd(NCMe)2Cl2] furnished the corresponding palladium(II) precatalysts (Pd1–Pd5), in good yields. Molecular structures of Pd2 and Pd3 revealed that the ligands coordinate in a N^N bidentate mode to afford square planar compounds. Activation of the palladium(II) complexes with para‐tolyl sulfonic acid (PTSA) afforded active catalysts in the methoxycarbonylation of a number of alkene. The resultant catalytic activities were controlled by the both the complex structure and alkene substrate. While aliphatic substrates favored the formation of linear esters (>70%), styrene substrate resulted in the formation of predominantly branched esters of up to 91%.
Synthesis of a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst, titanium dioxide‐loaded hydroxyapatite for functionalised chromen‐dihydropyridines under green conditions
Authors: Madhavi Challa , Ganja Himavathi , Kerru Nagaraju , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have described the synthesis of composite materials with different titanium dioxide loading on hydroxyapatite (TiO2/HAp). Their structural properties and morphologies were established by powder X‐ray diffraction (p‐XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analyses. The catalytic efficacy of the as‐prepared composite materials was explored to synthesise novel 4‐oxo‐chromen‐dihydropyridine derivatives by the four‐component reaction. The one‐pot fusion in ethanol medium involved chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, malononitrile and different aromatic and heteroaryl amines. The method provided impressive yields (92–97%) of the target products in a short reaction time (<21 min) at room temperature. Further, we examined the efficiency of the separated catalyst, reused up to five runs with similar catalytic activity. This sustainable protocol merits easy workup, fast reaction time, superior yields, catalyst reusability, mild reaction environment and column‐free purification.
Insights into the interaction between PANI and Au NPs of magnetic core‐shell Fe3O4/PANI/Au catalysts with remarkable catalytic performance in 4‐NP reduction
Authors: Sun Libo , Zhang Jie , Yin Zequn , Zhang Miao , Zhang Yan , Gao Yue , Qi Caixia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic Fe3O4/PANI core‐shell composites were prepared as the support of gold catalysts. The Fe3O4 magnetic core was prepared by solvothermal reaction and coated with polyaniline (PANI) shell via in situ aniline polymerization on Fe3O4 surface. Au nanoparticles were loaded on Fe3O4/PANI composites through gold sol adsorption and in situ reduction method to prepare Fe3O4/PANI/Au(Sol) and Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ) catalysts, respectively. We found that the initial activities of Fe3O4/PANI/Au(Sol) were higher than that of Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ) due to the small size effect of Au in catalysts. Although the size of Au in Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ) was bigger than that in Fe3O4/PANI/Au(Sol), it should be noted that both of Fe3O4/PANI/Au(Sol) and Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ) possessed good catalytic recycling stability. The conversion of 4‐NP was still above 97% and 99% after 15 cycles for Fe3O4/PANI/Au(Sol) and Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ), respectively. The good catalytic stability for Fe3O4/PANI/Au(In Situ) could be attributed to the stronger interaction between PANI and Au NPs. We believe that our work provides an effective strategy for the preparation of long‐life catalysts and the investigations can be used to design other conductive polymers supported noble metal catalysts.
Skull osteology of the holotype of the rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (Sill, 1970) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina
Authors: Gentil Adriel R. , Ezcurra Martín D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRhynchosaurs are bulky quadrupedal herbivores that achieved a cosmopolitan distribution during the Middle and Late Triassic. Rhynchosaurids are characterized by a pair of premaxillae modified into an edentulous beak that had a bone‐to‐bone occlusion with the tips of the dentaries, and a specialized masticatory apparatus composed of groove(s) on the maxilla and ridges(s) on the dentary. The Argentinian fossil record of rhynchosaurs is abundant, but only two nominal species have been named so far. One of them, the hyperodapedontine Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis, is the most abundant tetrapod of the Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. However, the anatomy of H. sanjuanensis remains poorly studied. The repreparation and computed tomographic (CT) scanning of its holotypic skull (MACN‐Pv 18185) allowed a detailed description of its anatomy. Among the novel anatomical data presented here, we provide the first tridimensional complete reconstruction of a rhynchosaurid palate. This structure is extremely complex in comparison to the plesiomorphic archosauromorph condition, and more data on other rhynchosaurid palates are needed to shed light on the sequence of character states acquisition that resulted in this peculiar anatomy. The presence of a pair of septomaxillae in H. sanjuanensis is the first report of these bones in a rhynchosaurid, and this new information allowed to identify septomaxillae also in the hyperodapedontines Teyumbaita sulcognathus and Hyperodapedon mariensis. The better understanding of the skull anatomy of the holotype of H. sanjuanensis is a first step towards an improved knowledge of the morphology and taxonomy of the South American rhynchosaurs.
Porous organic cage for enantiomeric fluorescence recognition of amino acid and hydroxy acid
Authors: Liu Yang , Jia Jia , Liao Tong , Luo Jin , Zhang Xinfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new method based on the enantioselective recognition of porous organic cages CC3‐R was established for the first time. Porous organic cages are widely used for separation, adsorption and host–guest interaction sensing, but are rarely used for fluorescence sensing. Based on the inherent chiral environment of CC3‐R and the inherent fluorescence properties of the organic ligands constituting the cage, when different chiral monomers diffuse into the cage, different effects occur to produce changes in fluorescence. We found for the first time that the fluorescence of CC3‐R can be enhanced and quenched by tyrosine and mandelic acid, respectively, and that different chiral monomers are enhanced or quenched differently at the same concentration. Unlike the chiral recognition of other composite luminescent materials, the chiral porous organic cage not only utilizes its own host–guest effect for chiral recognition, but also utilizes the organic ligands constituting the cage for luminescence recognition. This work provides an alternative method to accomplish chiral recognition other than chromatography, that is using porous organic cages (POC), but it can show the advantages of simplicity, low cost and high sensitivity. We believe this work could provide valuable thoughts in the exploration of POC in chiral recognition as new FL probes for the future.
How going green builds trusting beliefs
Authors: Jørgensen Sveinung , Pedersen Lars Jacob Tynes , Skard Siv 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompanies are increasingly making efforts to become more sustainable. In this research, we investigate the effect that these efforts have on consumer trusting beliefs in companies. In one correlational study and two controlled experiments (n = 2174), we test the relationship between sustainability improvements and trusting beliefs and the mediating mechanisms explaining this relationship. Results reveal that perceived innovativeness and self‐connection with the company are mechanisms explaining the effect. Furthermore, in the first experiment, we test whether the effect on trusting beliefs requires a comprehensive change or if a small sustainability improvement is equally effective. In the second experiment, we address whether sustainability improvements are more effective than other types of improvements in terms of building trust. Our findings have important theoretical implications for the understanding of how sustainability efforts build trust and practical implications for companies aiming to trust among consumers.
Recent Developments in PROTAC‐Mediated Protein Degradation: From Bench to Clinic
Authors: Hu Zhenyi , Crews Craig M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs), an emerging paradigm‐shifting technology, hijacks the ubiquitin‐proteasome system for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs induce ternary complexes between an E3 ligase and POI, and this induced proximity leads to polyUb chain formation on substrates and eventual proteasomal‐mediated POI degradation. PROTACs have shown great therapeutic potential by degrading many disease‐causing proteins, such as the androgen receptor and BRD4. The PROTAC technology has advanced significantly in the last two decades, with the repertoire of PROTAC targets increased tremendously. Herein, we describe recent developments of PROTAC technology, focusing on mechanistic and kinetic studies, pharmacokinetic study, spatiotemporal control of PROTACs, covalent PROTACs, resistance to PROTACs, and new E3 ligands.
What is the Sugar Code?
Authors: Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Cudic Maré , Diercks Tammo , Kaltner Herbert , Kopitz Jürgen , Mayo Kevin H. , Murphy Paul V. , Oscarson Stefan , Roy René , Schedlbauer Andreas , Toegel Stefan , Romero Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
Similarities in Lithium Growth at Vastly Different Rates
Authors: Becherer Julian , Kramer Dominik , Mönig Reiner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLithium electrodeposition is important for lithium metal batteries and is presently a safety and reliability concern for the lithium‐ion technology. In the literature, many models for the growth of dendrites can be found and a strong dependence on deposition rate is expected. To elucidate the process of the lithium deposition, operando light microscopy at the physical resolution limit of light was performed at rates varying by more than three orders of magnitude. The results show different growth regimes depending on the rate, and where needles, bushes, or accelerated bushes dominate the deposition. All these deposits are based on small crystalline needles and flakes. Little evidence for concentration gradient driven deposition was found. At the highest rate, the electrolyte ionically depletes, but the deposition continues by non‐directional bush growth mainly from their insides. An important step at all rates is the insertion into defects in the crystalline lithium.
Patient and public involvement in the design and conduct of a large, pragmatic observational trial to investigate recurrent, high‐risk non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Smith Angela B. , Lee Jenney R. , Lawrence Sarah O. , Ho On , Lavallee Danielle C. , Chisolm Stephanie , MacLean Doug B. , Louwers Renata K. , Wolff Erika M. , Kessler Larry G. , Follmer Kristin M. , Gore John L. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPatient‐centered approaches to research design are particularly important for diseases with complex treatment decision‐making, such as recurrent, high‐grade non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The objective of this article is to describe patient and public involvement (PPI) in designing a large, pragmatic observational trial and to articulate barriers, challenges, and lessons learned for future design.MethodsThrough multistakeholder involvement, a large, pragmatic observational trial was designed to investigate the outcomes of high‐risk, recurrent NMIBC, and it was titled Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer (CISTO). CISTO's design used the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public 2 reporting checklist for PPI and built on prior engagement infrastructure in partnership with the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network.ResultsCISTO's PPI began with research prioritization to identify the highest priority questions facing patients with NMIBC. A pragmatic observational study design was selected and refined through stakeholder input. PPI included patients and caregivers organized into an advocate advisory board and clinicians, researchers, payers, and industry representatives organized into an external advisory board. An engagement plan was created to define the stages of PPI and the level and nature of the involvement of each group. PPI was measured quantitatively and qualitatively through evaluation surveys and iterative feedback from board members, with changes made for continuous improvement.ConclusionsThrough intentional PPI, CISTO aims to produce pragmatic and generalizable results that will allow patients to make informed decisions for recurrent, high‐risk NMIBC based on their personal experiences.Lay Summary

Involving patients and other stakeholders in research ensures that it reflects the outcomes that matter most to them. This is especially important when research focuses on conditions in which patients face difficult decisions about treatment options.

This article describes the key role that stakeholders played in shaping the Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer (CISTO) study. It compares treatments for recurrent noninvasive bladder cancer and describes how stakeholders were engaged to design and develop the study and the practices that supported their involvement.
Associations between neighborhood disinvestment and breast cancer outcomes within a populous state registry
Authors: Plascak Jesse J. , Rundle Andrew G. , Xu Xinyi , Mooney Stephen J. , Schootman Mario , Lu Bo , Roy Jason , Stroup Antoinette M. , Llanos Adana A. M. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer (BrCa) outcomes vary by social environmental factors, but the role of built‐environment factors is understudied. The authors investigated associations between environmental physical disorder—indicators of residential disrepair and disinvestment—and BrCa tumor prognostic factors (stage at diagnosis, tumor grade, triple‐negative [negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 receptor] BrCa) and survival within a large state cancer registry linkage.MethodsData on sociodemographic, tumor, and vital status were derived from adult women who had invasive BrCa diagnosed from 2008 to 2017 ascertained from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Physical disorder was assessed through virtual neighborhood audits of 23,276 locations across New Jersey, and a personalized measure for the residential address of each woman with BrCa was estimated using universal kriging. Continuous covariates were z scored (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 0 ± 1) to reduce collinearity. Logistic regression models of tumor factors and accelerated failure time models of survival time to BrCa‐specific death were built to investigate associations with physical disorder adjusted for covariates (with follow‐up through 2019).ResultsThere were 3637 BrCa‐specific deaths among 40,963 women with a median follow‐up of 5.3 years. In adjusted models, a 1‐SD increase in physical disorder was associated with higher odds of late‐stage BrCa (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐1.15). Physical disorder was not associated with tumor grade or triple‐negative tumors. A 1‐SD increase in physical disorder was associated with a 10.5% shorter survival time (95% confidence interval, 6.1%‐14.6%) only among women who had early stage BrCa.ConclusionsPhysical disorder is associated with worse tumor prognostic factors and survival among women who have BrCa diagnosed at an early stage.
Risk of Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Hung‐Kai , Shao Shih‐Chieh , Weng Meng‐Yu , Lin Swu‐Jane , Hung Ming‐Jui , Chan Yuk‐Ying , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng 
Published: September 2021

This is a retrospective cohort study by analyzing a multi‐institutional electronic medical records database covering 1.3 million individuals (6% of Taiwan’s population) to compare the risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) inhibitors or conventional synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). We included patients with RA aged 20 years and older who had treatment failure with at least 2 different csDMARD regimens and newly switched to another csDMARD regimen or TNFis from 2009 to 2019. We followed patients from initiation of the new therapies to the occurrence of hospitalization for heart failure (hHF), death, to the last clinical visit or December 31, 2020. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to compare TNF‐α inhibitors and csDMARD groups for the risk of hHF, with adjustment for patients’ characteristics. A total of 1,278 TNF‐α inhibitors and 1,932 csDMARDs treated patients were identified, with 78% being women and having an average age of 55 (SD 13.28) years. The incidence rates of hHF for the TNF‐α inhibitors and csDMARD groups were 3.66 and 4.72 per 1,000 person‐years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.97), and the results remained consistent in patients both with an HF history (aHR 0.66; 95% CI 0.03–14.46) and without (aHR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27–0.89). The findings suggest that those who switched to TNF‐α inhibitors had a reduced risk of hHF, compared with those who switched to another csDMARD regimen.
Development of Keratinocyte Cell Lines Containing Extrachromosomal Human Papillomavirus Genomes
Authors: Coursey Tami L. , McBride Alison A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause persistent infections in stratified cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. In these infections, the viral DNA replicates as low‐copy‐number, extrachromosomal, double‐stranded‐DNA circular plasmids in the nucleus of the dividing basal cells. When the infected cells begin the process of differentiation, the viral DNA amplifies to a high copy number and virions are assembled in the superficial cells. To study HPV DNA replication, our laboratory generates primary keratinocyte cell lines that contain replicating extrachromosomal HPV genomes. Here, we describe protocols to culture human keratinocytes, to transfect viral DNA into cells using electroporation, to determine the efficiency of genome establishment in cells with a colony‐forming assay, and to measure the copy number and extrachromosomal status of viral genomes using Southern blotting. These methods can be used to study DNA replication of different oncogenic Alphapapillomavirus HPV types. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: Electroporation to transfect keratinocytes with recircularized HPV genomesAlternate Protocol: Use of HPV replicon containing selection marker in keratinocyte transfectionSupport Protocol 1: Rheinwald‐Green method of co‐culture of irradiated J2 3T3 feeders and human keratinocytesSupport Protocol 2: Recircularization of HPV genomesBasic Protocol 2: Quantitative colony formation assay to measure the efficiency of HPV genome establishmentBasic Protocol 3: Southern blot analysis of extrachromosomal viral DNASupport Protocol 3: Hirt extraction of low‐molecular‐weight DNASupport Protocol 4: Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue DNA extractionSupport Protocol 5: Generation of a 32P‐labeled HPV DNA probe
Parameter extraction of single‐diode photovoltaic module using experimental current–voltage data
Authors: Sreekantha Reddy S. , Yammani Chandrasekhar 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAccurate modeling of photovoltaic (PV) module allows proper load scheduling and avoids the uncertainties in grid. This paper uses forward‐backward linear least square error (FB‐LLSE) curve fitting method to estimate the parameters of PV module. The proposed method does not require any data sheet information and initial values of parameters. The proposed method utilizes the experimental data on I–V curve to extract the parameters of PV module. To validate the proposed method, three different PV modules, namely, Mono‐crystalline STM6‐40/36, Poly‐crystalline SMP6‐120/36, PWP‐201, and one Real Time Clock (R.T.C.) France solar cell has been considered. The obtained results are compared with three existing methods in the literature. The performance of the proposed FB‐LLSE method is studied with root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE). The calculated with proposed FB‐LLSEM is reduced by 10%, 7%, 2.26%, and 1.89%, respectively, for PWP‐201, STMP‐120/36, SMP6‐40/36, and R.T.C France solar cell when compared to the LLSEM method available in the literature. The proposed FB‐LLSE method is found to exhibit low value of RMSE for all three PV modules and one PV cell.