bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behçet’s syndrome in children and young people in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: a prospective epidemiological study
Authors: Pain Clare E , Beresford Michael W , Fortune Farida , Lai Eric T C , Murphy Ruth , Taylor-Robinson David , Brogan Paul A , Moots Robert J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo define the incidence and prevalence of Behçet’s syndrome (BS) in children and young people (CYP) up to the age of 16 years in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI).MethodsA prospective epidemiological study was undertaken with the support of the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) and the British Society of Paediatric Dermatologists (BSPD). Consultants reported anonymised cases of BS seen. A follow-up study at one year examined progression of disease and treatment.ResultsOver a two-year period, 56 cases met the International Criteria for Behçet’s Disease. For children under 16 years of age, the two-year period prevalence estimate was 4.2 per million (95% CI: 3.2, 5.4) and the incidence was 0.96 per million person years (95% CI: 0.66, 1.41). Mucocutaneous disease was the most common phenotype (56/100%), with ocular (10/56; 17.9%), neurological (2/56; 3.6%) and vascular involvement (3/56; 5.4%) being less common. Median age at onset was 6.34 years and at diagnosis was 11.72 years. There were slightly more female than male children reported (32/56; 55.6%). The majority of cases (85.7%) were white Caucasian. Apart from genital ulcers, which were more common in females, there were no significant differences in frequency of manifestations between male or females, nor between ethnicities. Over 83% of cases had three or more non-primary care healthcare professionals involved in their care.ConclusionBS is extremely rare in CYP in the UK and ROI and most have mucocutaneous disease. Healthcare needs are complex, and coordinated care is key.
Data-driven definitions for active and structural MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joint in spondyloarthritis and their predictive utility
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P , Lambert Robert G , Baraliakos Xenofon , Weber Ulrich , Machado Pedro M , Pedersen Susanne J , Hooge Manouk de , Sieper Joachim , Wichuk Stephanie , Poddubnyy Denis , Rudwaleit Martin , van der Heijde Désirée , Landewe Robert , Eshed Iris , Ostergaard Mikkel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine quantitative SI joint MRI lesion cut-offs that optimally define a positive MRI for inflammatory and structural lesions typical of axial SpA (axSpA) and that predict clinical diagnosis.

Methods
The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) MRI group assessed MRIs from the ASAS Classification Cohort in two reading exercises where (A) 169 cases and 7 central readers; (B) 107 cases and 8 central readers. We calculated sensitivity/specificity for the number of SI joint quadrants or slices with bone marrow oedema (BME), erosion, fat lesion, where a majority of central readers had high confidence there was a definite active or structural lesion. Cut-offs with ≥95% specificity were analysed for their predictive utility for follow-up rheumatologist diagnosis of axSpA by calculating positive/negative predictive values (PPVs/NPVs) and selecting cut-offs with PPV ≥ 95%.

Results
Active or structural lesions typical of axSpA on MRI had PPVs ≥ 95% for clinical diagnosis of axSpA. Cut-offs that best reflected a definite active lesion typical of axSpA were either ≥4 SI joint quadrants with BME at any location or at the same location in ≥3 consecutive slices. For definite structural lesion, the optimal cut-offs were any one of ≥3 SI joint quadrants with erosion or ≥5 with fat lesions, erosion at the same location for ≥2 consecutive slices, fat lesions at the same location for ≥3 consecutive slices, or presence of a deep (i.e. &gt;1 cm depth) fat lesion.

Conclusion
We propose cut-offs for definite active and structural lesions typical of axSpA that have high PPVs for a long-term clinical diagnosis of axSpA for application in disease classification and clinical research.
ANNUAL EXPOSURE OF THE SWISS POPULATION FROM MEDICAL IMAGING IN 2018
Authors: Viry Anaïs , Bize Julie , Trueb Philipp R , Ott Barbara , Racine Damien , Verdun Francis R , LeCoultre Régis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nationwide surveys on radiation dose to the population from medical imaging are recommended in order to follow trends in population exposure. The goal of the 2018 survey was to investigate the current exposure. The invoice coding information was collected in five university hospitals and large clinics. To improve the estimation of the effective dose delivered in computed tomography (CT), we collected dose data from different Dose Archiving Communication Systems. On average, we found that 1.2 radiological examinations per year and per inhabitant were performed. Dental radiography was the most frequent examination (48% of all the X-ray examinations), followed by conventional radiography (36%) and CT (11%). The average annual effective dose was estimated to be 1.48 mSv per inhabitant, with CT representing 64% of that dose. Our results show that the exposure of the Swiss population from medical imaging has remained stable since 2013, despite a 15% increase in the number of CT examinations.
Bedside Allogeneic Erythrocyte Washing with a Cell Saver to Remove Cytokines, Chemokines, and Cell-derived Microvesicles
Authors: Welsby Ian J. , Norris Philip J. , Mauermann William J. , Podgoreanu Mihai V. , Conn Chelsea M. , Meade Laurie , Cannon Tamara , Keating Sheila M. , Silliman Christopher C. , Kehler Marguerite , Schulte Phillip J. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Removal of cytokines, chemokines, and microvesicles from the supernatant of allogeneic erythrocytes may help mitigate adverse transfusion reactions. Blood bank–based washing procedures present logistical difficulties; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that on-demand bedside washing of allogeneic erythrocyte units is capable of removing soluble factors and is feasible in a clinical setting.

Methods
There were in vitro and prospective, observation cohort components to this a priori planned substudy evaluating bedside allogeneic erythrocyte washing, with a cell saver, during cardiac surgery. Laboratory data were collected from the first 75 washed units given to a subset of patients nested in the intervention arm of a parent clinical trial. Paired pre- and postwash samples from the blood unit bags were centrifuged. The supernatant was aspirated and frozen at –70°C, then batch-tested for cell-derived microvesicles, soluble CD40 ligand, chemokine ligand 5, and neutral lipids (all previously associated with transfusion reactions) and cell-free hemoglobin (possibly increased by washing). From the entire cohort randomized to the intervention arm of the trial, bedside washing was defined as feasible if at least 75% of prescribed units were washed per protocol.

Results
Paired data were available for 74 units. Washing reduced soluble CD40 ligand (median [interquartile range]; from 143 [1 to 338] ng/ml to zero), chemokine ligand 5 (from 1,314 [715 to 2,551] to 305 [179 to 488] ng/ml), and microvesicle numbers (from 6.90 [4.10 to 20.0] to 0.83 [0.33 to 2.80] × 106), while cell-free hemoglobin concentration increased from 72.6 (53.6 to 171.6) mg/dl to 210.5 (126.6 to 479.6) mg/dl (P < 0.0001 for each). There was no effect on neutral lipids. Bedside washing was determined as feasible for 80 of 81 patients (99%); overall, 293 of 314 (93%) units were washed per protocol.

Conclusions
Bedside erythrocyte washing was clinically feasible and greatly reduced concentrations of soluble factors thought to be associated with transfusion-related adverse reactions, increasing concentrations of cell-free hemoglobin while maintaining acceptable (less than 0.8%) hemolysis.

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The controversial role of glucose in the diabetic kidney
Authors: Fernandes Rui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The kidneys play an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis being the main mechanisms, the gluconeogenesis, renal glucose consumption and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules. In this review, we present the main research into the role of glycogen—the stored form of glucose, and how it accumulates in the cells, providing new information on the link between diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. In the last 10 years, research under the scope of renal insulin handling, glucose transport in the proximal tubules, renal gluconeogenesis and renal insulin resistance, made possible to relate the roles of glucose and glycogen in the kidney with other several organs, like the liver. On the one hand, insulin positively regulates kidney uptake and degradation, and there is probably a specific action and resistance to insulin at the renal site. Moreover, insulin regulates the bioavailability of the sodium-glucose co-transporters—SGLT2 inhibitor, and inhibits renal gluconeogenesis. Only the liver and kidneys can supply glucose to the circulation through the process of gluconeogenesis, which involves the synthesis of glucose again from non-glycemic substrates; and the decomposition of stored glycogen. In the mind of nephrologists, diabetologists and scientists, glucose metabolism in the kidney is the focus, with the relevant success of inhibitors in reducing kidney and cardiovascular diseases in individuals with diabetes. However, these new data led to the intriguing paradigm that many of the beneficial effects on the renal and cardiovascular system appear to be independent of the systemic glucose-lowering actions of these agents. The goal of this work puts in context a highly relevant research area for renal glucose metabolism, of glycogen accumulation and metabolism in the diabetic kidney.
Correlation between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women from Colombia Caribbean
Authors: Rebolledo-Cobos Roberto C. , Becerra Jimmy E. , Sánchez Lucia P. , Mendinueta-Martínez Martha , Polo-Gallardo Raúl , Sarmiento-Rubiano María C. , Sarmiento-Rubiano Luz A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Postmenopausal period disturbances are more frequently observed in women with unhealthy lifestyles, insufficient physical activity is related to increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). There is a lack of evidence-based information on physical activity in postmenopausal women and its relationship with CVR factors, including D vitamin serum levels.

Objective:
To determine the physical activity level in postmenopausal women from the Colombia Caribbean and establish relationships between the physical activity and biochemical and anthropometric CVR factors.

Methods:
A correlational descriptive study in which 183 postmenopausal women were linked for convenience sampling. Level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and their relationships with anthropometric variables, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemic and serum vitamin D were evaluated.

Results:
According to the physical activity, 82.5% of women were classified as inactive, 9.3% as insufficiently active and only 8.2% as physically active. Physical inactivity was significantly related to higher glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol serum levels (P < .05). The prevalence of the women with vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL were of 69.9%. The women physically active and with eutrophic nutritional condition had more high levels of vitamin D.

Conclusions:
82.5% of the postmenopausal women evaluated were physically inactive and this condition was associated with higher serum levels of glycemic, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum vitamin D concentrations were higher in traffic and physically active women.
Impact of 18F-FDG PET, PET/CT, and PET/MRI on Staging and Management as an Initial Staging Modality in Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Sangwon , Choi Joon Young 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of18F-FDG PET, PET/CT, and PET/MRI on staging and management during the initial staging of breast cancer.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases until March 2020 to identify studies that reported the proportion of breast cancer patients whose clinical stage or management were changed after PET scans. The proportion of changes was pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.ResultsWe included 29 studies (4276 patients). The pooled proportions of changes in stage and management were 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%–30%) and 18% (95% CI, 14%–23%), respectively. When stage changes were stratified according to initial stage, the pooled proportions were 11% (95% CI, 3%–22%) in stage I, 20% (95% CI, 16%–24%) in stage II, and 34% (95% CI, 27%–42%) in stage III. The relative proportions of intermodality and intention-to-treat changes were 74% and 70%, respectively. Using metaregression analyses, the mean age and the proportion of initial stage III to IV and histologic grade II to III were significant factors affecting the heterogeneity in changes in stage or management.ConclusionsCurrently available literature suggests that the use of18F-FDG PET, PET/CT, or PET/MRI leads to significant modification of staging and treatment in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Therefore, there may be a role for routine clinical use of PET imaging for the initial staging of breast cancer.
Sulfitobacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Lian Feng-Bai , Li Yong-Qin , Zhang Jing , Jiang Shan , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: January 2021

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain S0837T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. Cells of the novel strain were Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, non-pigmented and rod-shaped. Cells were around 0.3–0.5×1.0–1.4 µm in size and often appeared singly. Optimum growth occurred at 33 °C, with 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0–7.5. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequences, stain S0837T had the closest relative with

Sulfitobacter delicatus

KCTC 32183T (98.0 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 3 785 026 bp, a G+C content of 59.8 mol% and several genes related with sulphur oxidation. The strain shared 98.0 % 16S rRNA sequence similarities with closely related type species and shared ANI value below 95–96 %, dDDH value of showed relatedness of 27.4, 25.2 and 25.2 % respectively with the closely related type species. Strain S0837T had ubiquinone-10 as the sole respiratory quinone, and possessed summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain S0837T should represent a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S0837T (=MCCC 1K04635T=KCTC 72860T).
Microbacterium caowuchunii sp. nov. and Microbacterium lushaniae sp. nov., isolated from plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of PR China
Authors: Tian Zhi , Yang Jing , Lai Xin-He , Pu Ji , Jin Dong , Luo Xuelian , Huang Ying , Li Junqin , Zhang Gui , Wang Suping , Xu Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

Four novel bacterial strains (ST-M6T, L-033, L-031T and Z-333) were isolated from the intestinal contents of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) collected on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, PR China. Cells were aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, capsuled and short-rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and 387 core genes indicated that the four isolates belong in the genus

Microbacterium

and clearly separate from recognized species. The two type strains (ST-M6T and L-031T) shared low 16S rRNA similarity, average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness with their phylogenetic neighbours (

Microbacterium ginsengisoli

DSM 18659T,

Microbacterium hatanonis

DSM 19179T,

Microbacterium rhizomatis

JCM 30598T,

Microbacterium radiodurans

CCTCC M208212T,

Microbacterium oleivorans

DSM 16091T and

Microbacterium arborescens

DSM 20754T). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains ST-M6T and L-031T were 70.4 and 70.7 mol%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strain ST-M6T were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, in contrast to anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1
ω9c of strain L-031T. Both type strains (ST-M6T and L-031T) were glycolate test positive and shared the following common features: MK-11 and MK-12 as major menaquinones; rhamnose, ribose, mannose and galactose as major cell-wall sugars; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two glycolipids as polar lipids; and ornithine, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid as cell-wall amino acids. Comparing the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic features of the four strains and their related taxa, strains ST-M6T and L-031T represent two novel species of the genus

Microbacterium

, for which the names Microbacterium caowuchunii sp. nov. (type strain ST-M6T=CGMCC 1.16364T=DSM 104058T) and Microbacterium lushaniae sp. nov. (type strain L-031T =CGMCC 1.16363T=DSM 106170T) are proposed.
Arenibacter amylolyticus sp. nov., an amylase-producing bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from marine water in India
Authors: Sidhu Chandni , Saini Mohit Kumar , Srinivas Tanuku Naga Radha , Pinnaka Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2021

A novel Gram-stain-negative, curved rod-shaped, 0.5–0.7 µm wide and 3.0–10.0 µm long, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AK53T, was isolated from a 5 m depth water sample collected from the Bay of Bengal, Visakhapatnam, India. Colonies on marine agar were circular, small, dark orange, shiny, smooth, translucent, flat, with an entire margin. The major fatty acids included iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3OH, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0-2OH). Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain AK53T was found to be 40.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AK53T was closely related to

Arenibacter latericius

KMM 426T and

Arenibacter certesii

KMM3941T (pair-wise sequence similarity of 99.17 and 98.89 %, respectively), forming a distinct branch within the genus

Arenibacter

and clustering with

A. latericius

. Strain AK53T shared average nucleotide identity (ANIb, based on blast) of 78.07 and 77.44 % with

A. latericius

JCM 13508T and

A. certesii

JCM 13507T, respectively. Based on the observed phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain AK53T is described in this study as representing a novel species in the genus

Arenibacter

, for which the name Arenibacter amylolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arenibacter amylolyticus is AK53T (=MTCC 12004T= JCM 19206T=KCTC 62553T).
Perceived disrespect and abuse among women delivering at a tertiary care center in Nepal
Authors: Munikar Sabika , Chalise Mala , Dhungana Ranjan , Shrestha Durga Laxmi , KC Naresh Pratap , Dhungana Animesh , Clark Robert B. , Visick Michael K. , Thapa Kanchan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOf the children born every year in Nepal, 57.4% are delivered in health facilities. Disrespect and abuse of women during maternity care are problems that can significantly impact women’s willingness to seek out life-saving maternity care. However, evidence suggests ongoing disrespectful maternity care worldwide. This study aims to identify perceived disrespect and abuse during labor and delivery among postnatal women delivering at Bheri Hospital, Nepal.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 445 purposively selected women admitted in postnatal ward of Bheri Hospital, Nepal from February to March 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant and a face-to-face interview was conducted for data collection. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of demographic information and a pre-validated Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) tool was used. The information was then checked, coded, and entered in SPSS for descriptive and inferential analysis.ResultsIn this study, the participants perceived very high friendly care, abuse-free care and discrimination-free care but moderate timely care only. Timely care was found to be significantly associated with age, ethnicity, occupation, monthly income, gravida, type of delivery, and complications. On multinomial regression, monthly income and type of delivery were the only factors found to be significant. Those mothers who had spontaneous vaginal delivery were 2.07 times more likely to have neutral RMC, and those who earn less than twenty thousand Nepalese rupees per month were likely to perceive high timely RMC.ConclusionThis study concludes that disrespectful or abusive maternal care is not perceived among women delivering at Bheri Hospital in terms of friendly care, abuse-free care and non- discriminatory care. However, timely care is less reported. Appropriate interventions to provide timely care to delivering women must be instituted.
SCLERODERMA AND MALIGNANCY
Authors: Vondenberg Jaime A. , Cisneros David R. , Kiani Adnan N. , Muruganandam Maheswari , Nunez Sharon E. , Emil N. Suzanne , Sibbitt Wilmer L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDescribe clinical characteristics of malignancy-associated scleroderma in a regional population.MethodsScleroderma patients with current or past malignancy were prospectively identified from a cohort of 125 scleroderma subjects of a largely Hispanic population. Demographic information included scleroderma subtype, serologies, cancer diagnosis, age at diagnosis, co-morbid conditions, therapies, and survival outcomes.Results16.0% (20/125) of scleroderma patients were identified as having a malignancy. The mean age of malignancy onset and scleroderma onset were 55.6±10.3 and 52.7±12.9 years respectively (95% CI of difference: -4.6 <2.9< 10.4, p=0.44). Antinuclear antibody was positive in 70%, anticentromere antibody in 35.0%, and anti-topoisomerase antibodies in 25%. Tumor proportions were adenocarcinomas 55.0% (11/20) (1 gastric, 2 pancreatic, 1 lung, 2 thyroid, 5 breast), 15% (3/20) squamous cell carcinoma (1 skin, 1 uterine cervical, and 1 rectal), and 20% (4/20) benign tumors (2 meningiomas, 1 renal adenoma, 1 plasma cell). Age of onset of scleroderma greater than 42 years respectively accounted for 85% of all cancer cases. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 2.0 (CI at 95%: 1.2<2<3.1), indicating 100% increase in cancer risk. Treatment of the malignancy did not resolve the scleroderma in any of the cases. Five-year survival after cancer diagnosis was 70.0%, although 2 of the survivors had tumor recurrence.ConclusionsMalignancy, especially adenocarcinoma, occurs frequently in scleroderma in minority populations with up to 16% of patients affected. High-risk patients are those with scleroderma-onset greater than 42 years in whom routine screening for common cancers should be undertaken.