bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Inclusion and Cultural Competency in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Programs
Authors: Dixon Gabrina , Barqadle Fatuma , Gill Edward , Okoroafor Whitney , Fromme Barrett , Ganem Jorge 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES
The objectives with this study were to describe the current state of Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) fellowship programs with regards to (1) diversity of fellows and programs’ leadership, (2) current diversity and inclusion (D&I) programs and measures of their success, and (3) the state of cultural competency training.

METHODS
In 2018, fellowship directors of the 35 active PHM fellowship programs were invited to participate in a survey of diversity, inclusion, and cultural competency at PHM fellowship programs. Participants were invited via in-person invitations at the annual PHM fellowship directors meeting and through e-mail invitations from July to September to complete an online survey.

RESULTS
There was an 89% response rate of the survey. Most fellows, faculty, and program directors in PHM were female (74%, 70%, and 70%, respectively) and white (53%, 67%, and 60%, respectively). There were no African American, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander program directors. Forty-five percent of programs reported that neither the fellowship program nor their hospital had a strategic plan that addresses D&I. Approximately 61% of programs had cultural competency training for fellows.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first survey to report on the state of D&I in PHM fellowship programs. There is lack of racial and ethnic diversity in programs fellows, faculty, and directors. Although most programs have cultural competency training, strategic planning to promote D&I is not widely implemented among PHM fellowship programs.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Rapid Response With a Respiratory Trigger
Authors: Meulmester Kristen M. , Coss-Bu Jorge A. , Meskill Sarah D. , Wakefield Bryan M. , Moore Robert H. , Vachani Joyee G. , Bavare Aarti C. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESAuthors of adult rapid response (RRT) studies have established that RRT triggers play an important role in outcomes, but this association is not studied in pediatrics. In this study, we explore the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric rapid response with a respiratory trigger (Resp-RRT). We hypothesize that outcomes differ on the basis of patients’ primary diagnoses at the time of Resp-RRT.METHODSWe conducted a 2-year retrospective observational study at an academic tertiary care pediatric hospital.RESULTSAmong the 1287 Resp-RRTs in 1060 patients, those with a respiratory diagnosis (N = 686) were younger, less likely to have complex chronic conditions, and less likely to have concurrent triggers (P &lt; .01) than those with a nonrespiratory diagnosis (N = 601). Patients with a respiratory diagnosis were more likely to receive noninvasive ventilation, less likely to receive vasoactive support, and had lower 30-day mortality (P &lt; .01). Among those with a respiratory diagnosis, the 541 patients with acute illness were younger, less likely to have complex chronic conditions, and less likely to receive vasoactive support than those with acute on chronic illness (N = 100) (P &lt; .01).CONCLUSIONSAmong pediatric respiratory-triggered RRT events, patients with a respiratory diagnosis were more likely to receive acute respiratory support in ICU but have better long-term outcomes. Presence of complex chronic conditions increases risk of acute respiratory support and mortality. The interplay of primary diagnosis with RRT trigger can potentially inform resource needs and outcomes for pediatric Resp-RRTs.
Validation of an Automated System for Identifying Complications of Serious Pediatric Emergencies
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A. , Dart Arianna H. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Illness complications are condition-specific adverse outcomes. Detecting complications of pediatric illness in administrative data would facilitate widespread quality measurement, however the accuracy of such detection is unclear.

METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients visiting a large pediatric emergency department. We analyzed those &lt;22 years old from 2012 to 2019 with 1 of 14 serious conditions: appendicitis, bacterial meningitis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), empyema, encephalitis, intussusception, mastoiditis, myocarditis, orbital cellulitis, ovarian torsion, sepsis, septic arthritis, stroke, and testicular torsion. We applied a method using disposition, diagnosis codes, and procedure codes to identify complications. The automated determination was compared with the criterion standard of manual health record review by using positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs). Interrater reliability of manual reviews used a κ.

RESULTS
We analyzed 1534 encounters. PPVs and NPVs for complications were &gt;80% for 8 of 14 conditions: appendicitis, bacterial meningitis, intussusception, mastoiditis, myocarditis, orbital cellulitis, sepsis, and testicular torsion. Lower PPVs for complications were observed for DKA (57%), empyema (53%), encephalitis (78%), ovarian torsion (21%), and septic arthritis (64%). A lower NPV was observed in stroke (68%). The κ between reviewers was 0.88.

CONCLUSIONS
An automated method to measure complications by using administrative data can detect complications in appendicitis, bacterial meningitis, intussusception, mastoiditis, myocarditis, orbital cellulitis, sepsis, and testicular torsion. For DKA, empyema, encephalitis, ovarian torsion, septic arthritis, and stroke, the tool may be used to screen for complicated cases that may subsequently undergo manual review.
“For COVID” or “With COVID”: Classification of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalizations in Children
Authors: Kushner Lauren E. , Schroeder Alan R. , Kim Joseph , Mathew Roshni 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES
Pediatric hospitalization rates are used as a marker of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity in children but may be inflated by the detection of mild or asymptomatic infection via universal screening. We aimed to classify COVID-19 hospitalizations using an existing and novel approach and to assess the interrater reliability of both approaches.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study characterized severity of illness and likelihood of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as the cause of hospitalization in pediatric patients &lt;18 years of age. Subjects had positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal testing or were diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and were hospitalized between May 10, 2020 (when universal screening of all admissions began) and February 10, 2021, at a university-based, quaternary care children’s hospital in Northern California. Hospitalizations were categorized as either likely or unlikely to be caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel approach), and disease severity was categorized according to previously published classification of disease severity.

RESULTS
Of 117 hospitalizations, 46 (39.3%) were asymptomatic, 33 (28.2%) had mild to moderate disease, 9 (7.7%) had severe illness, and 15 (12.8%) had critical illness (weighted κ: 0.82). A total of 14 (12%) patients had multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. A total of 53 (45%) admissions were categorized as unlikely to be caused by SARS-CoV-2 (κ: 0.78).

CONCLUSIONS
Although COVID-19 has considerable associated morbidity and mortality in children, reported hospitalization rates likely lead to overestimation of the true disease burden.
Floculación en lecho poroso (Continuación)
Authors: Ortiz Arce Mario , González Quintero Velmar Jesús , Ortiz Romero Waldo Jesús 
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo trata sobre algunos aspectos relacionados con la floculación en un lecho poroso, estudiados con base en la experimentación, en un modelo, del comportamiento de la floculación de un tipo específico de agua. La floculación en lechos porosos consiste en un lecho de grava, a través del cual se hace circular un determinado caudal del agua a tratar, mezclada íntimamente con el coagulante, para lograr la formación de los flocs, que en una posterior sedimentación, produzca la clarificación del agua. Se ensayaron tres diferentes lechos de grava, con el interés de determinar la granulometría adecuada que optimice el funcionamiento del sistema, teniendo en cuenta que el porcentaje de remoción de turbiedad y de color (objetivo de la floculación) sea el máximo, y estudiando el comportamiento de cada lecho en lo referente a la pérdida de carga, tiempo de retención, rata de flujo y gradiente de velocidad; parámetros éstos que permiten llegar a establecer la eficiencia y funcionalidad de este sistema de floculación.

La fuente de agua cruda para la realización de los ensayos proviene del río Bogotá, afluente a la planta de tratamiento del municipio de Mosquera, Cundinamarca, en donde se desarrolló el estudio. Los resultados derivados de este trabajo, permiten llegar a la conclusión de que este sistema funciona eficientemente como floculador en tratamiento de aguas; siendo viable su implementación desde varios puntos de vista:

— Se logran reducir los costos de construcción, operación y mantenimiento de floculadores.

— El tiempo de retención y la pérdida de carga en este sistema son considerablemente menores que el de los sistemas convencionales.

— Dados los problemas de funcionamiento de floculadores en las plantas de tratamiento de las poblaciones pequeñas, en nuestro medio, los lechos de grava ofrecen una alternativa para lograr mejores resultados a un menor costo.
Slit2-Robo Signaling Promotes Glomerular Vascularization and Nephron Development
Authors: Li Jinyu , Geraldo Luiz Henrique , Dubrac Alexandre , Zarkada Georgia , Eichmann Anne 
Published: August 2021

Significance Statement
Slit2 is a secreted ligand for Robo1 and Robo2 receptors. Slit2 and Robo2 mutations lead to congenital abnormalities of the kidney and ureteric tract, underscoring the requirement of this signaling pathway for kidney development. Previous studies in global mouse knockouts demonstrated that Slit2-Robo2 signaling restricts ureteric epithelium budding. Temporally inducible Slit2 and Robo deletions reveal a novel role of Slit2-Robo signaling in glomerular vascularization in mice. Only the glomerular endothelium, but no other renal endothelial compartment, responded to Slit2 via Robo receptors. Postnatally induced Slit2 gene deletion or a Slit2 ligand trap inhibited glomerular vascularization by reducing endothelial cell proliferation and migration, identifying Slit2 as a driver of glomerular angiogenesis.

Background
Kidney function requires continuous blood filtration by glomerular capillaries. Disruption of glomerular vascular development or maintenance contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, but the signaling events regulating renal endothelium development remain incompletely understood. Here, we discovered a novel role of Slit2-Robo signaling in glomerular vascularization. Slit2 is a secreted polypeptide that binds to transmembrane Robo receptors and regulates axon guidance as well as ureteric bud branching and angiogenesis.

Methods
We performed Slit2-alkaline phosphatase binding to kidney cryosections from mice with or without tamoxifen-inducible Slit2 or Robo1 and -2 deletions, and we characterized the phenotypes using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and functional intravenous dye perfusion analysis.

Results
Only the glomerular endothelium, but no other renal endothelial compartment, responded to Slit2 in the developing kidney vasculature. Induced Slit2 gene deletion or Slit2 ligand trap at birth affected nephrogenesis and inhibited vascularization of developing glomeruli by reducing endothelial proliferation and migration, leading to defective cortical glomerular perfusion and abnormal podocyte differentiation. Global and endothelial-specific Robo deletion showed that both endothelial and epithelial Robo receptors contributed to glomerular vascularization.

Conclusions
Our study provides new insights into the signaling pathways involved in glomerular vascular development and identifies Slit2 as a potential tool to enhance glomerular angiogenesis.
MİGREN HASTALARINA UYGULANAN BÜYÜK OKSİPİTAL SİNİR PULSED RADYOFREKANS İŞLEMİNİN ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: ALASU Miraç , KIRÇİÇEK Fahrettin , KIRDEMİR Pakize 
Published: August 2021

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı migren hastalarına uygulanan
büyük oksipital sinir (GON) pulsed radyofrekans
(PRF) işleminin baş ağrısı şiddet, sıklık ve sürelerine
etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu retrospektif çalışmada dirençli migren tanısı olan
ve GON PRF işlemi uygulanmış 27 hastanın verileri
tarandı. Hastaların işlemden önceki sayısal derecelendirme
ölçeği (NRS), baş ağrısı sıklığı ve süresi,
işlemden sonraki 1.,3.,6.,9. aylardaki NRS, baş ağrısı
sıklık ve süre değerleriyle karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular
Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 41,11±12,18’di. Hastalık
tanı süreleri (yıl) ortalama 12,74±9,42’di. Hastaların
GON PRF işlemi öncesi NRS değerleri 8,81±0,62,
atak sıklık (ay) değerleri 7,70±4,19, atak süreleri
(saat) değerleri 36,44±20,82’di. Hastaların GON PRF
işlemi sonrası 1.,3.,6.,9. aylardaki NRS, atak sıklığı
ve atak süreleri işlem öncesi NRS, atak sıklığı ve atak
süreleri ile kıyaslandığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
derecede düşük bulundu.
Sonuç
Biz çalışmamızda GON PRF işleminin 9 aylık süre
boyunca migren atak şiddetini, sıklığını ve süresini
azalttığını gözlemledik.
Necessitat de poesia en l'educació
Authors: Cruelles Rosales Carme 
Published: August 2021

Aquesta proposta d’introducció de la poesia a l'aula sorgeix des de l'experiència pràctica a les aules de secundària de l'Institut Els Alfacs (La Ràpita, Montsià) i amb el ferm convenciment que la lectura i el treball del text poètic han de permetre l’aprenentatge de la llengua i la reflexió sobre què es diu, com es diu i què s'intueix, per tal de dialogar amb el propi text. En aquest article es planteja un retorn a la poesia i no veure-la (com proposa el currículum) com un gènere més o com una proposta estètica posada en valor.En aquest sentit, es fa una aposta a través d'activitats que juguen amb materials poètics d'autors com Montserrat Abelló o Màrius Torres, amb versos i estrofes que il·lustren aquest poder captivador i didàctic de la poesia, per incloure aquesta en l'educació i fugint de l’experiència lectora traumàtica quan ens retrobem amb un text poètic. Les tasques proposades són múltiples i també interdisciplinàries quan volem incloure l'art poètica en el nostre programa.
Entrevista a Antoni Gavaldà
Authors: Irigoyen Albert 
Published: August 2021

Entrevista al doctor Antoni Gavaldà Torrents, que ha estat professor titular de Didàctica de les Ciències Socials (Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art) de la Facultat de Ciències de l’Educació i Psicologia de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, i que ha centrat la seva carrera en la formació de mestres i en la investigació en el món de les humanitats.Mestre de mestres, un cop arribada la jubilació, en repassem la trajectòria en una entrevista on respon a qüestions sobre el futur de l'educació i de l’ensenyament-aprenentatge de la Didàctica de les Ciències Socials. També sobre conceptes com ara treball cooperatiu i valors cooperatius, virtualització i digitalització, el món de la docència i la recerca universitària. I, encara, sobre què significa ser mestre.Antoni Gavaldà, historiador i membre del grup d'investigació ISOCAC, és un dels fundadors de la revista Comunicació Educativa.
Generaciones futuras y política a largo plazo: un estudio sobre la Ley para el Bienestar de las Generaciones Futuras de Gales
Authors: De Armenteras Cabot Marcos 
Published: August 2021

In 2015,the National Assembly for Wales passed the Future Generations Welfare Act. The Act,in force since 2016, whose objective is to guarantee the well-being of future generations, established the Commissioner for Future Generations of Wales as the body in charge of supervising and auditing that public administrations orient their policies towards previously well-being objectives agreed and based on the principle of sustainable development. In the fourth year of its establishment, the Commissioner has published its first evaluation report (2020) on the fulfilmentof the welfare objectives of future generations. This articleaims to analyseWelsh law for the welfare of future generations, the Commissioner, and the possibilities that this type of institution opens up to safeguard the interests of future generations and mitigate the problems associated with political short-termism.
“Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings
Authors: Lie Martine S.B. 
Published: August 2021

Wolves and brown bears are critically endangered in Norway. Their population is approximately 100 and 150 individuals, respectively, and is kept at these low numbers through licensed hunts. These animals are also vulnerable to illegal theriocides (killings of animals by humans), which poses a considerable threat to the species’ survival. The theriocides also harm individual animal victims and impinge on their intrinsic value. This article assesses whether a consideration of harm to the individual animals is part of the Norwegian courts’ problem definition and discourse order regarding such illegal hunts by developing and conducting a “critical green victimological discourse analysis” of verdicts. Moreover, the courts’ portrayals of the victims are assessed—by asking the question: do they acknowledge them as such, or continue the speciesist ideology of the Anthropocene, seeing animals mainly as commodities and components of nature?
Mathematical modeling of pregnancy loss with normal embryo karyotype in the first trimester
Authors: Potapov N. N. , Kudryavtseva E. V. , Kovalev V. V. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The risk of pregnancy loss in the first trimester comprises 12.5-18.7 %. It is timely and relevant to develop methods for predicting miscarriage.Aim: to develop a predictive model for assessing a risk of miscarriage in case of normal embryo karyotype.Materials and Methods. The single-center cohort retrospective comparative study included 52 women with miscarriage at 6-12 weeks of gestation with normal embryo karyotype (main group) and 126 women with physiologically proceeding pregnancies and favorable perinatal outcomes (control group). All patients underwent general clinical and laboratory examination, analysis of genetic polymorphisms (FGBG -455A, F2 G20210A, F5 G1691A, F7 G10976A, F13 G103A, PAI-1 -675 5G/4G, ITGA2 C708T, ITGB3 T176C, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, MTRR A66G, NOS3 T-786C, NOS3 C894T), spouse examination.Results. The factors associated with the loss of pregnancy turned out to be presented by a history of infertility, patient adenomyosis, a higher platelet count, as well as abnormal partner spermogram. Significant differences were obtained between the studied groups in the frequency of concurrent polymorphisms PAI-1 -675 5G/4G, MTHFR C677T, MTRR A66G, NOS3 G894T. Based on the identified patterns, a mathematical model has been developed allowing to determine the high risk of pregnancy loss in the first trimester (86.0 % efficiency).Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of clinical and anamnestic indicators, molecular genetic parameters, spouse-related health indicators, it is possible to determine risk groups of pregnancy loss in case a normal embryo karyotype. Timely prediction provides the basis for optimizing preconception care and conducting timely prevention of miscarriage.
Projection of Impaired Life Expectancy in Individuals in the United Kingdom Using Mortality Ratios
Authors: Jones David Bowen , Gray Nicole R. , Reid Madeleine , Scott William F. 
Published: August 2021

Projections of life expectancy are widely used in medicine, actuarial practice, and in the medicolegal and insurance fields.
For individuals considered to have average future survival, nationally-derived life expectancy tables are available, referred to as the Ogden Tables. In the United Kingdom, updated tables (the 8th edition) were published in July 2020.
We have calculated impaired projected life expectancies for the United Kingdom based on age and gender, derived from the 8th edition of the Ogden Tables together with various assumed lifelong mortality ratios.
Ensino de história, música popular brasileira e relações de gênero em sala de aula: perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas
Authors: Souza Alfredo Clodomir Rolins de , Souza Mary Jane Barbosa de Souza 
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste texto é fazer um relato de experiência de uma atividade que fez parte do minicurso Ensino de História, música popular brasileira e relações de gênero em sala de aula: perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas, dentro da programação da II Jornada de Gênero, Cultura e Deslocamento, da Universidade Estadual de Roraima, nos dias 15 e 16 de abril de 2021. O referido curso teve como objetivo abordar as potencialidades da música popular brasileira nas aulas de História do Brasil, para a discussão e compreensão das relações de gênero, visando a capacitação de professores e acadêmicos acerca da música enquanto expressão de um povo, como documento, linguagem, como instrumento de construção de subjetividades, como ferramenta didático-pedagógica e as possibilidades de seu uso nas aulas de História. Por sua vez a atividade aqui relatada buscou discutir a historicidade das questões de gênero, do feminismo no mundo e na sociedade brasileira. O contexto em que nascem as reflexões e as demandas dos dias atuais, valendo-se dos aportes de alguns teóricos dialogando com o conteúdo de três canções brasileiras: Ai, que saudade da Amélia; Assim não dá e Triste, louca ou má. As participações nos diálogos comprovaram a eficiência da metodologia. Houve momentos de entusiasmo por parte dos/as cursistas ao constatarem o potencial da música popular brasileira, revelando-se importante documento e fonte nos estudos sobre as relações de gênero.
Gênero, cultura e deslocamentos: uma pequena história e muitas inquietações
Authors: Silva Raimunda Gomes da , Pereira Mariana Cunha , Nogueira Francisco Marcos Mendes , Santos Alessandra  Rufino , Pereira Alexandre Adalberto , Brito Maria Lúcia da Silva 
Published: August 2021

A II Jornada de Gênero, Cultura e Deslocamentos realizada em abril de 2021, de forma online, teve como objetivos propiciar estudos e debates de forma propositivas, bem como proporcionar espaço de debates, estudos, reflexões críticas e propositivas sobre as relações de gênero em diferentes níveis de deslocamentos contemporâneos, especialmente no contexto atual da política fascista, que interdita o processo sócio-histórico da construção de uma sociedade democrática e plural em que haja pesquisadores(as), estudantes de graduação, pós-graduação, ativistas interessados(as) em enriquecer as discussões, suscitar outros olhares e novas possibilidades de se pensar as práticas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, seja no campo da história e/ou da educação, a partir da abordagem de gênero, da cultura e dos deslocamentos humanos. Dessa forma, o volume da REVES – Revista de Relações Sociais ora apresentado assume o compromisso de ampliar leituras e romper barreiras impostas a essas dimensões relacionadas às questões de Gênero, Cultura e Deslocamentos. Os artigos aqui publicados foram organizados à luz dos três eixos temáticos: “Gênero, Identidades e Deslocamentos”, “Gênero, Educação e Sexualidade”, e “Estudos de Gênero – possibilidades metodológicas”.