bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in physical activity decreased more in people with rheumatoid arthritis than the general population during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Balchin Christopher , Tan Ai Lyn , Wilson Oliver J. , McKenna Jim , Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou Antonios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing restrictions have significantly reduced population-wide physical activity (PA) levels. However, the impact of the pandemic and relevant restrictions on PA participation, and any potential barriers to it, in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not clear. Furthermore, we are unsure if any such PA changes have affected their body weight, mental wellbeing, and/or quality of life (QoL). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of the lockdown on PA participation in people with RA, versus people without RA. Participants (n = 128; RA = 27, non-RA = 101) completed a self-administered online survey, which included questions on PA, body weight, mental wellbeing and QoL. PA participation during lockdown was significantly lower among RA versus non-RA participants (p < 0.001). Additionally, a similar profile of results was found where more RA participants vs non-RA participants reported reduced habitual PA (59% vs 33%) and increased body weight (59% vs 35%). Mental wellbeing scores were similarly low in both groups during lockdown (RA: 20.8 ± 4.2; non-RA: 22.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.080). Matched group comparisons identified similar trends to full sample analyses. In the first months of the lockdown, more people with RA reported decreased PA participation and increased body weight than their non-RA counterparts. Access to exercise equipment and facilities appears to be the main cause for these results. Looking beyond COVID-19, specific PA promotion for people with RA will be required to prevent a pandemic of inactivity.
Crystallographic and chemical signatures in coral skeletal aragonite
Authors: Farfan Gabriela A. , Apprill Amy , Cohen Anne , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Post Jeffrey E. , Waller Rhian G. , Hansel Colleen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorals nucleate and grow aragonite crystals, organizing them into intricate skeletal structures that ultimately build the world’s coral reefs. Crystallography and chemistry have profound influence on the material properties of these skeletal building blocks, yet gaps remain in our knowledge about coral aragonite on the atomic scale. Across a broad diversity of shallow-water and deep-sea scleractinian corals from vastly different environments, coral aragonites are remarkably similar to one another, confirming that corals exert control on the carbonate chemistry of the calcifying space relative to the surrounding seawater. Nuances in coral aragonite structures relate most closely to trace element chemistry and aragonite saturation state, suggesting the primary controls on aragonite structure are ionic strength and trace element chemistry, with growth rate playing a secondary role. We also show how coral aragonites are crystallographically indistinguishable from synthetic abiogenic aragonite analogs precipitated from seawater under conditions mimicking coral calcifying fluid. In contrast, coral aragonites are distinct from geologically formed aragonites, a synthetic aragonite precipitated from a freshwater solution, and mollusk aragonites. Crystallographic signatures have future applications in understanding the material properties of coral aragonite and predicting the persistence of coral reefs in a rapidly changing ocean.
A biomechanical analysis of different meshes for reconstructions of the pelvic floor in the porcine model
Authors: Trageser Nadja , Sauerwald Axel , Ludwig Sebastian , Malter Wolfram , Wegmann Kilian , Karapanos Leonidas , Radosa Julia , Jansen Alina Katharina , Eichler Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Many different surgical approaches have been established for the repair of a pelvic organ prolapse. Especially in laparoscopic surgery, it is important to generate easy surgical techniques with similar stability. This study shall simplify the choice of mesh by evaluating three polypropylene meshes regarding their biomechanical properties.

Methods
Biomechanical testing was performed in the porcine model. The meshes are fixated on porcine fresh cadaver cervices after subtotal hysterectomy. The apical part of the mesh is fixated with parallel screw clamps at the testing frame. Forty-one trials were performed overall, subdivided into four subgroups. The groups differ in mesh type and fixation method. Maximum load, displacement at failure and stiffness parameters were evaluated with an Instron 5565® test frame.

Results
SERATEX® E11 PA (E11) showed the highest values for maximum load (199 ± 29N), failure displacement (71 ± 12 mm) and stiffness (3.93 ± 0.59 N/mm). There was no significant difference in all three evaluated parameters between SERATEX® B3 PA (B3) and SERATEX® SlimSling® with bilateral fixation (SSB). SERATEX® SlimSling® with unilateral fixation (SSU) had the lowest stiffness (0.91 ± 0.19 N/mm) and maximum load (30 ± 2 N) but no significant difference in displacement at failure.

Conclusion
All meshes achieved a good tensile strength, but the results of maximum load show that the E11 is superior to the other meshes. Through a bilateral fixation of SERATEX® SlimSling®, a simple operating method is generated without a loss of stability.
Galectin network in osteoarthritis: galectin-4 programs a pathogenic signature of gene and effector expression in human chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Pichler Katharina M. , Fischer Anita , Alphonsus Jürgen , Chiari Catharina , Schmidt Sebastian , Kenn Michael , Schreiner Wolfgang , Weinmann Daniela , Rothbauer Mario , Windhager Reinhard , Gabius Hans‑Joachim , Toegel Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGalectin-4 (Gal-4) is a member of the galectin family, which have been identified as galactose-binding proteins. Gal-4 possesses two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains and acts as a cross-linking bridge in sulfatide-dependent glycoprotein routing. We herein document its upregulation in osteoarthritis (OA) in correlation with the extent of cartilage degradation in vivo. Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing. Activation of p65 by phosphorylation of Ser536 within the NF-κB pathway and the effect of three p65 inhibitors on Gal-4 activity support downstream involvement of such signaling. In 3D (pellet) cultures, Gal-4 presence causes morphological and biochemical signs of degradation. Taken together, our findings strongly support the concept of galectins acting as a network in OA pathogenesis and suggest that blocking their activity in disease progression may become clinically relevant in the future.
Holzkohle als CO2-neutrales Reduktionsmittel in Recyclingprozessen der Nichteisenmetallurgie
Authors: Antrekowitsch Jürgen , Dornig Christian , Hanke Gustav 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Metallurgie ist wie viele andere Industriezweige seit einigen Jahren geprägt von Bemühungen, den CO2-Footprint entscheidend zu senken. Im Vordergrund stehen Technologien auf Basis von Wasserstoff, welche allerdings aus unterschiedlichsten Gründen wie beispielsweise hohen Kosten, notwendiger Umstellung von Verfahren oder erhöhter Sicherheitstechnik, schwierig umzusetzen sind. Eine Alternative kann in der Verwendung von pyrolysierter Biomasse gesehen werden, welche in mehreren Bereichen in der Lage ist, fossilen Kohlenstoff direkt zu substituieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die grundsätzliche Charakteristik von Holzkohlen aus Biomasse sowie Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und damit verbundene Vorteile und Nachteile. Dabei sind aus technischer Sicht vor allem die Reaktivität und die Festigkeit wesentliche Kriterien. Vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt aus müssen Verfügbarkeit und Preisbildung im Detail betrachtet werden. Zusammengefasst lässt sich ein positives Resümee ziehen, was den Einsatz entsprechender Holzkohlen vor allem in kleineren metallurgischen Einheiten betrifft, speziell in Hinblick auf eine zeitnahe wirtschaftliche Umsetzung.
Landscape controls of surface-water/groundwater interactions on shallow outwash lakes: how the long-term groundwater signal overrides interannual variability due to evaporative effects
Authors: Hokanson K. J. , Rostron B. J. , Devito K. J. , Hopkinson C. , Mendoza C. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe spatial and temporal controls on variability of the relative contributions of groundwater within and between flow systems to shallow lakes in the low-relief glaciated Boreal Plains of Canada were evaluated. Eleven lakes located in a coarse glacial outwash, of varying topographic positions and potential groundwater contributing areas, were sampled annually for stable O and H isotope ratios over the course of 8 years. It was demonstrated that landscape position is the dominant control over relative groundwater contributions to these lakes and the spatial pattern of the long-term isotopic compositions attributed to groundwater overrides interannual variability due to evaporative effects. Lakes at low landscape positions with large potential groundwater capture areas have relatively higher and more consistent groundwater contributions and low interannual variability of isotopic composition. Isolated lakes high in the landscape experience high interannual variability as they have little to no groundwater input to buffer the volumetric or isotopic changes caused by evaporation and precipitation. An alternative explanation that lake morphometry (area and volume) control long-term isotopic compositions is tested and subsequently refuted. Landscape position within coarse outwash is a strong predictor for relative groundwater input; however, surface-water connections can short circuit groundwater pathways and confound the signal. A hydrogeological case study for three of the study lakes is used to contextualize and further demonstrate these results.
Use of biologic agents and methotrexate improves renal manifestation and outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sawamura Masato , Sawa Naoki , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Ikuma Daisuke , Sekine Akinari , Mizuno Hiroki , Kawada Masahiro , Hiramatsu Rikako , Hayami Noriko , Hasegawa Eiko , Suwabe Tatsuya , Hoshino Junichi , Kono Kei , Kinowaki Keiichi , Ohashi Kenichi , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
We examined whether advances in treatment strategies from older disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to new biologic agents and methotrexate improved renal complications and outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We reviewed records of 156 patients with RA who underwent kidney biopsy at our institute between January 1990 and December 2019. All patients were assigned to one of three periods: period 1, 1990–1999 (n = 48); period 2, 2000–2009(n = 57); period 3, 2010–2019 (n = 51).

Results
Membranous nephropathy, nephrosclerosis, AA-amyloidosis, and IgA nephropathy were the four major renal manifestations of RA. AA-amyloidosis was diagnosed by kidney biopsy in 21 patients: period 1, 7 patients (15%); period 2, 10 patients (18%); and period 3, 4 patients (8%). The 4 patients in period 3 were in the years 2010–2014, and no new case of AA-amyloidosis was recorded from 2015 to 2019. In all 21 of the patients with AA-amyloidosis, neither a biologic agent nor methotrexate was administered. Fifteen of the 21 patients required dialysis, and 13 died in periods 1–3 because of amyloid-related cardiac dysfunction less than 2 years after the initiation of dialysis. Two of them are doing well using biologic agent despite dialysis. The remaining three patients who received a biologic agent or methotrexate does not progress to end-stage renal failure. In addition, the other renal complications showing progression to dialysis also decreased over time.

Conclusion
Advances in treatment strategies have improved renal outcome and reduced mortality in patients with RA.
Stress events and Changes in Dysfunctional Attitudes and Automatic Thoughts Following Recovery from Depression in Inpatient Psychotherapy: Mediation Analyses with Longitudinal Data
Authors: Rojas Roberto , Behnke Alexander , Hautzinger Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Stressful event exposure, dysfunctional attitudes (DA), negative automatic thoughts (NAT), and declining positive automatic thoughts (PAT) have been associated with depressive relapse/recurrence. Few studies have investigated the course of these variables and their relevance for relapse/recurrence in remitted depression.

Methods
Following successful inpatient treatment, in 39 remitted depressive patients, stressful events, DA, NAT, PAT, and depressive relapse/recurrence were assessed five times during a 16-month follow-up. Data were analyzed with mixed effect models, and mediation effects were tested.

Results
Stressful events after discharge correlated with depressive relapse/recurrence. This association was mainly mediated by a stress-related decline of PAT within four months post discharge. Patients’ DA were relatively stable during the observation period and did not depend on stressful events, indicating DA as a risk trait for depressive relapse/recurrence. Mediation analyses revealed that independent of stress, DA were linked to depressive relapse/recurrence through more NAT.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest stressful events evoke relapse/recurrence in remitted depression through rapid deterioration of PAT after discharge from inpatient therapy. DA are expressed through NAT which additionally contribute to higher risk of depressive relapse/recurrence. Consequently, maintenance therapy requires techniques to promote the maintenance of PAT, and to effectively restructure DA and NAT.
Removing mains interference from the mfERG by applying a post-processing digital notch filter: for the good or the bad?
Authors: Heinrich Sven P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ideally, the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is recorded without noticeable intrusion of mains interference. However, sometimes contamination is difficult to avoid. A post-processing digital notch filter can help to recover the retinal response even in severe cases of mains interference. While a digital filter can be designed to have little to no impact on peak times, filtering out mains interference also removes the retinal signal content of the same frequency, which may result in a change of amplitude. The present study addressed this issue in the standard first order kernel mfERG.

Methods
In 24 recordings from routine exams with no perceivable mains interference, the effects of 50-Hz and 60-Hz non-causal digital notch filters on amplitude and peak time were assessed. Furthermore, the effect of filtering on contaminated traces was demonstrated and simulated mains interference was used to provide an example of nonlinear superposition of retinal signal and mains interference.

Results
mfERG amplitudes were reduced by 0%–15% (median 6%) with the 50-Hz filter and remained virtually unaffected with the 60-Hz filter. Simulations illustrate that spurious high-frequency components can occur in the filtered signal if a strongly contaminated signal is clipped due to a limited input range of the analog-to-digital converter.

Conclusion
The application of a 50-Hz digital notch filter to mfERG traces causes a mild amplitude reduction which will not normally affect the clinical interpretation of the data. The situation is even more favorable with a 60-Hz digital notch filter. Caution is necessary if the assumption of linear additivity of retinal signal and mains interference is violated.
Computable Constants for Korn’s Inequalities on Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Knops R. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA method is presented for the explicit construction of the non-dimensional constant occurring in Korn’s inequalities for a bounded two-dimensional Riemannian differentiable simply connected manifold subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method is illustrated by application to the spherical cap and minimal surface.
Efficient Proximal Mapping Computation for Low-Rank Inducing Norms
Authors: Grussler Christian , Giselsson Pontus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLow-rank inducing unitarily invariant norms have been introduced to convexify problems with a low-rank/sparsity constraint. The most well-known member of this family is the so-called nuclear norm. To solve optimization problems involving such norms with proximal splitting methods, efficient ways of evaluating the proximal mapping of the low-rank inducing norms are needed. This is known for the nuclear norm, but not for most other members of the low-rank inducing family. This work supplies a framework that reduces the proximal mapping evaluation into a nested binary search, in which each iteration requires the solution of a much simpler problem. The simpler problem can often be solved analytically as demonstrated for the so-called low-rank inducing Frobenius and spectral norms. The framework also allows to compute the proximal mapping of increasing convex functions composed with these norms as well as projections onto their epigraphs.
Why bother the public? A critique of Leslie Cannold’s empirical research on ectogenesis
Authors: Smajdor Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCan discussion with members of the public show philosophers where they have gone wrong? Leslie Cannold argues that it can in her 1995 paper ‘Women, Ectogenesis and Ethical Theory’, which investigates the ways in which women reason about abortion and ectogenesis (the gestation of foetuses in artificial wombs). In her study, Cannold interviewed female non-philosophers. She divided her participants into separate ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ groups and asked them to consider whether the availability of ectogenesis would change their views about the morality of dealing with an unwanted pregnancy. The women in Cannold’s study gave responses that did not map onto the dominant tropes in the philosophical literature. Yet Cannold did not attempt to reason with her participants, and her engagement with the philosophical literature is oddly limited, focussing only on the pro-choice perspective. In this paper, I explore the question of whether Cannold is correct that philosophers’ reasoning about abortion is lacking in some way. I suggest that there are alternative conclusions to be drawn from the data she gathered and that a critical approach is necessary when attempting to undertake philosophy informed by empirical data.
Activity Trends in the Propane Dehydrogenation Reaction Catalyzed by MIII Sites on an Amorphous SiO2 Model: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Praveen C. S. , Comas-Vives A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne class of particularly active catalysts for the Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction are well-defined M(III) sites on amorphous SiO2. In the present work, we focus on evaluating the catalytic trends of the PDH for four M(III) single-sites (Cr, Mo, Ga and In) on a realistic amorphous model of SiO2 using density functional theory-based calculations and the energetic span model. We considered a catalytic pathway spanned by three reaction steps taking place on selected MIII–O pair of the SiO2 model: σ-bond metathesis of propane on a MIII–O bond to form M-propyl and O–H group, a β-H transfer step forming M–H and propene, and the H–H coupling step producing H2 and regenerating the initial M–O bond. With the application of the energetic span model, we found that the calculated catalytic activity for Ga and Cr is comparable to the ones reported at the experimental level, enabling us to benchmark the model and the methodology used. Furthermore, results suggest that both In(III) and Mo(III) on SiO2 are potential active catalysts for PDH, provided they can be synthesized and are stable under PDH reaction conditions.
Die Auswirkungen der Frühphase der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die Erwerbssituation und die finanzielle Lage von Familien in Österreich
Authors: Steiber Nadia , Siegert Christina 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Forschungsnotiz werden erste Ergebnisse der AKCOVID-Studie vorgestellt. Diese untersucht auf Basis von repräsentativen Befragungsdaten die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die finanzielle Lage von Familien in Österreich. Dabei wird die Situation von Haushalten mit Kindern vor Beginn der Corona-Krise (Februar 2020) mit der Situation im Frühsommer 2020 verglichen. Die deskriptiven Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein großer Teil der Familien bereits drei Monate nach Beginn der Krise die ökonomischen Folgen der Pandemie spürte und aufgrund krisenbedingter Veränderungen der elterlichen Erwerbssituation auf Teile des Haushaltseinkommens verzichten musste. Die Zahl der Familien mit finanziellen Problemen (subjektive Armutsgefährdung) stieg deutlich an, v. a. unter Alleinerziehenden und Paaren mit mehr als zwei Kindern. Damit wird deutlich, dass vor allem jene Familien, die sich bereits vor der Krise in einer vulnerablen finanziellen Situation befanden, schon sehr früh direkt von den ökonomischen Folgen der Pandemie betroffen waren. Viele Familien sorgten sich, dass sie aufgrund der Krise Einkommenseinbußen erleiden und finanzielle Probleme bekommen werden.
Consensus on the secondary prevention of primary liver cancer
Authors: Nan Yuemin , Xu Xiaoyuan , Gao Yanhang , Wang Rongqi , Li Wengang , Yang Ming , Liu Lingdi , Duan Zhongping , Jia Jidong , Wei Lai , Zhuang Hui ,   Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Ding Huiguo , Duan Zhongping , Fan Jiangao , Fang Qinmao , Gao Yanhang , Hu Peng , Jia Jidong , Li Wengang , Liu Jingfeng , Niu Junqi , Nan Yuemin , Shang Jia , Wang Rongqi , Wei Lai , Yu Yanyan , Zhang Yuguo , Zhao Suxian , Zhou Jian , Zhao Weifeng , Xu Xiaoyuan , Xie Chuanmiao , Xie Wen , Yang Ming , Zhuang Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo standardize the effective prevention, surveillance, and diagnosis of primary liver cancer, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, invited clinical experts and methodologists to develop the Consensus on the Secondary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer, which was based on the clinical and scientific advances on hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose is to provide a current basis for the prevention, surveillance, and early diagnosis of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic liver diseases.
Impact of urbanization trends on production of key staple crops
Authors: Andrade José F. , Cassman Kenneth G. , Rattalino Edreira Juan I. , Agus Fahmuddin , Bala Abdullahi , Deng Nanyan , Grassini Patricio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrbanization has appropriated millions of hectares of cropland, and this trend will persist as cities continue to expand. We estimate the impact of this conversion as the amount of land needed elsewhere to give the same yield potential as determined by differences in climate and soil properties. Robust spatial upscaling techniques, well-validated crop simulation models, and soil, climate, and cropping system databases are employed with a focus on populous countries with high rates of land conversion. We find that converted cropland is 30–40% more productive than new cropland, which means that projection of food production potential must account for expected cropland loss to urbanization. Policies that protect existing farmland from urbanization would help relieve pressure on expansion of agriculture into natural ecosystems.