bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Scientists Perceive CRISPR's Translational Promise and the Implications for Individuals with Genetic Conditions
Authors: Halpern Jodi , O'Hara Sharon E. , Owen Aleksa L. , Paolo David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) somatic genome editing, an important promissory technology, presents a case study of the movement of basic scientists into translational research. In this paper, we explore how scientists experience the pulls of CRISPR's power and the pushes of economic and societal pressures in adopting new translational roles. Given basic scientists' emerging contact with and influence upon individuals with genetic conditions, we also examine how scientists understand the perspectives of affected populations, both as potential subjects of early experiments and as the patients who could receive future treatments. Finally, we consider the ethical implications of our findings and call for innovative approaches to translational research that help scientists engage with people with genetic conditions in early translational research.
Assessment of the van der Waals, Hubbard U parameter and spin‐orbit coupling corrections on the 2D/3D structures from metal gold congeners clusters
Authors: Piotrowski Maurício J. , Orenha Renato P. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Guedes‐Sobrinho Diego 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coinage‐metal clusters possess a natural complexity in their theoretical treatment that may be accompanied by inherent shortcomings in the methodological approach. Herein, we performed a scalar‐relativistic density functional theory study, considering Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) with (empirical and semi empirical) van der Waals (vdW), spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), +U (Hubbard term), and their combinations, to treat the , , and clusters in different structural motifs. The energetic scenario is given by the confirmation of the 3D lowest energy configurations for and within all approaches, while for there is a 2D/3D competition, depending on the applied correction. The 2D geometry is 0.43 eV more stable with plain PBE than the 3D one, the SOC, +U, and/or vdW inclusion decreases the overestimated stability of the planar configurations, where the most surprising result is found by the D3 and D3BJ vdW corrections, for which the 3D configuration is 0.29 and 0.11 eV, respectively, more stable than the 2D geometry (with even higher values when SOC and/or +U are added). The D3 dispersion correction represents 7.9% (4.4%) of the total binding energy for the 3D (2D) configuration, (not) being enough to change the hybridization and the position of the occupied ‐states. Our predictions are in agreement with experimental results and in line with the best results obtained for bulk systems, as well as with hybrid functionals within D3 corrections. The properties description undergoes small corrections with the different approaches, where general trends are maintained, that is, the average bond length is smaller (larger) for lower (higher)‐coordinated structures, since a same number of electrons are shared by a smaller (larger) number of bonds, consequently, the bonds are stronger (weaker) and shorter (longer) and the hybridization index is larger (smaller). Thus, Au has a distinct behavior in relation to its lighter congeners, with a complex potential energy surface, where in addition to the relevant relativistic effects, correlation and dispersion effects must also be considered.
Associations of CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms with Hirschsprung’s disease in a southern Chinese population
Authors: Liu Yanqing , Lan Chaoting , Li Bingxiao , Wang Ning , Zuo Xiaoyu , Huang Lihua , Wu Yuxin , Zhu Yun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is an enteric nervous system birth defect partially caused by a genetic disorder. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 (CYP2B6) gene are reported to be associated with HSCR.MethodsWe evaluated the association of rs2054675, rs707265, and rs1042389 with HSCR susceptibility in southern Chinese children including 1470 HSCR patients and 1473 controls using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay.Resultsrs2054675 C allele and the rs707265 G allele were risk SNPs for total colonic aganglionosis (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.29 ~ 2.55, P_adj < 0.001 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48 ~ 0.97, P_adj = 0.034). These results suggested that CYP2B6 rs2054675 and rs707265 polymorphisms were associated with increased susceptibility to the severe HSCR subtype in southern Chinese children.ConclusionWe suggest that CYP2B6 rs2054675 and rs707265 polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to the severe HSCR subtype in southern Chinese children.
Both spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section influence neonatal redox status in dogs
Authors: de Almeida Leticia Lima , Abreu Renata Azevedo de , Brito Maíra Morales , Gardés Thayná Pantoja , Flores Renato Bueno , Rosa Filho Roberto Rodrigues da , Vannucchi Camila Infantosi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of birth mode on redox balance is unknown in dogs. We aimed to compare antioxidant activity and oxidative stress of puppies born by elective c‐section or vaginal delivery.MethodsTwenty‐one bitches were elected for spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 10) and elective cesarean section (n = 11) groups, considering only the first and last puppies born. Neonatal oxygen saturation, lactatemia, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity; marker of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and protein oxidation were analysed at birth, 1 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72 h.ResultsC‐section newborns had lower oximetry at birth and 1 h. Lactatemia was higher in the last vaginal delivery puppies and higher at birth, and 1 h. Regardless of birth mode, last puppies had hyperlactatemia at birth. Vaginal delivery puppies had higher TBARS, while protein oxidation was higher in c‐section, mostly in last puppies. C‐section puppies had higher GPx activity, whereas GSH concentration decreased overtime. Surgically born puppies had lowering SOD between 12 h and 72 h.ConclusionsVaginal delivery enhances lipid peroxidation, counteracted mostly by GPx. Conversely, c‐section triggers protein oxidation, acutely scavenged by SOD and GSH, thus puppies are less exposed to the negative consequences of oxidative stress.
Sugammadex in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Becerra-Bolaños A. , Muiño-Palomar V. , Cabrera-Doreste S. , Rodríguez-Pérez A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerioperative management in patients suffering from systemic mastocytosis is challenging. Most recommendations regarding anesthetic management in these patients are based on clinical reports, and there are controversies about the use of rocuronium and sugammadex. We present a case report of a patient with systemic mastocytosis who was given sugammadex for rocuronium reversal. Tryptase levels were monitored during the first postoperative 24 h, without evidence of elevation. We also performed a systematic review to provide an overview of current evidence regarding the safety of using sugammadex in patients suffering from systemic mastocytosis. The search strategy included PubMed and Google Scholar. All studies published up to and including January 2021 concerning anesthetic management in systemic mastocytosis were included. Of the 122 articles located, 9 articles were included: 2 reviews and 7 case reports. Data from reviewed studies confirm that sugammadex can safely be administered in patients suffering from systemic mastocytosis.
Incidence, Treatment and Outcome of Patients with Retroperitoneal Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma in Switzerland 2005–2015: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Willburger Johanna C. F. , von Strauss Marco , Peterson Caspar J. , Glass Tracy R. , Kettelhack Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundReports on the epidemiology and mortality of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (RSTS) in Switzerland are scarce. This study investigates the incidence and outcomes of surgically treated RSTS inpatients in Switzerland depending on the hospital type and size.MethodsData from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office were used to conduct a retrospective analysis of all RSTS inpatients and hospitalizations in Switzerland between 2005 and 2015. RSTS was identified by the code C48.x of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). Sarcoma centers were identified by the annual total number of sarcoma patients (> 50 patients/year). The analysis of yearly incidence, age distribution as well as in‐hospital complication and mortality was performed for non‐ and surgical‐treated patients. A centralization of treating sarcoma patients was analyzed by the trend of hospitalizations in sarcoma centers and high‐volume hospitals.ResultsDuring 2005–2015, 2.801 hospitalizations (1651 patients) were admitted to Swiss hospitals with the primary diagnosis of a RSTS. The yearly number of RSTS patients and the incidence (1.91/100.000) stayed constant within these 11 years. There were five sarcoma centers. We saw a clear trend of RSTS patients being treated (especially surgically) in centers over the 11 years. The complication rate of surgical‐treated patients was higher in sarcoma centers (55% vs. 40%), though the overall mortality rate was lower (3.2% vs. 9.1%).ConclusionCentralization of RSTS treatment to certified sarcoma centers leads to a lower overall mortality rate and thus is highly recommended.
Experience of stigmatization in children receiving inpatient and outpatient mental health treatment: a longitudinal study
Authors: Kaushik Anya , Papachristou Efstathios , Telesia Laurence , Dima Danai , Fewings Sandra , Kostaki Evgenia , Gaete Jorge , Ploubidis George B. , Kyriakopoulos Marinos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMental health-related stigma is poorly understood, and minimal research has focused on the experience of stigma from children’s perspectives. We sought to investigate whether children treated as inpatients and outpatients had different experiences of stigma over time and whether stigma is linked to global functioning cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Children, aged 8–12 years, receiving treatment within a national specialist mental health inpatient unit were matched for age, gender and diagnosis with children receiving outpatient treatment (N = 64). Validated measures of stigma, global functioning and symptom severity were collected at the start of treatment and upon discharge from the ward for inpatients, and a similar timeframe for their individually matched outpatients. Latent change score models and partial correlation coefficients were employed to test our hypotheses. No differences in most aspects of stigma between children treated as inpatients and outpatients were observed, except for personal rejection at baseline and self-stigma at follow-up favouring outpatients. A reduction in stigma was observed in societal devaluation, personal rejection and secrecy for inpatients, and self-stigma and secrecy for outpatients between the two assessments. Societal devaluation declined at a higher rate among inpatients compared to outpatients, albeit reductions in stigma were comparable for all remaining measures. No association was found between the change in stigma and change in global functioning. Future research may offer further insights into the development and maintenance of stigma and identify key targets for anti-stigma interventions to reduce its long-term impact.
The social gradient in adolescent mental health: mediated or moderated by belief in a just world?
Authors: Weinberg Dominic , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Peeters Margot , Visser Kirsten , Tigchelaar Jet , Finkenauer Catrin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A social gradient in adolescent mental health exists: adolescents with higher socioeconomic status (SES) have fewer mental health problems than their peers with lower SES. Little is known about whether adolescents’ societal beliefs play a role in this social gradient. Belief in a just world (BJW) may be a mediator or moderator of the social gradient in adolescent mental health.

Methods
Using data from 848 adolescents (Mage = 17) in the Netherlands, path analyses examined whether two indicators of BJW (general and personal) mediated or moderated the associations between two indicators of SES (family affluence and perceived family wealth), and four indicators of adolescent mental health problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems).

Results
Adolescents with lower family affluence and lower perceived family wealth reported more emotional symptoms, and the association between perceived family wealth and emotional symptoms was mediated by lower personal and general BJW. Furthermore, higher personal BJW amplified the negative association between SES and peer problems.

Conclusion
This study suggests BJW may both mediate and amplify the social gradient in adolescent mental health. Adolescents’ beliefs about society may be important to include in research aimed at understanding this social gradient.
Zur Aktualität von Otto Friedrich Bollnows Mensch und Raum
Authors: Hasse Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungVor rund 60 Jahren ist das Buch Mensch und Raum von Otto Friedrich Bollnow erstmals erschienen. Der folgende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Überlegungen des Philosophen (unter bestimmten Aspekten) noch heute aktuell sind. Bollnows Raum-Verständnis weicht in seiner phänomenologischen Orientierung geradezu grundlegend vom heute vorherrschenden sozialwissenschaftlichen Raumdenken ab. Umso mehr regt Bollnow dazu an, die Lehren des wissenschaftlichen Mainstream kritisch gegen den Strich zu lesen. Ins Zentrum der Suche nach heute möglicherweise bedeutsamen Themen und Methoden des Denkens rückt das Wohnen. Wie denkt Bollnow das Wohnen, und was sagt uns dies in einer Zeit, in der die Menschen ganz anders wohnen als in den 1950er Jahren? Brücken zu methodologisch benachbarten Theorien und Philosophen werden ebenso geschlagen (z. B. Heidegger, Dürckheim, Müller-Freienfels) wie zu anderen thematisch relevanten Arbeiten von Bollnow.
Genome-informed loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for specific detection of Pectobacterium parmentieri in infected potato tissues and soil
Authors: Domingo Ryan , Perez Cristian , Klair Diksha , Vu Huong , Candelario-Tochiki Alika , Wang Xupeng , Camson Amihan , Uy Jaclyn Nicole , Salameh Mouauia , Arizala Dario , Dobhal Shefali , Boluk Gamze , Bingham Jon-Paul , Ochoa-Corona Francisco , Ali Md Emran , Stack James P. , Fletcher Jacqueline , Odani Jenee , Jenkins Daniel , Alvarez Anne M. , Arif Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPectobacterium parmentieri (formerly Pectobacterium wasabiae), which causes soft rot disease in potatoes, is a newly established species of pectinolytic bacteria within the family Pectobacteriaceae. Despite serious damage caused to the potato industry worldwide, no field-deployable diagnostic tests are available to detect the pathogen in plant samples. In this study, we aimed to develop a reliable, rapid, field-deployable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the specific detection of P. parmentieri. Specific LAMP primers targeting the petF1 gene region, found in P. parmentieri but no other Pectobacterium spp., were designed and validated in silico and in vitro using extensive inclusivity (15 strains of P. parmentieri) and exclusivity (94 strains including all other species in the genus Pectobacterium and host DNA) panels. No false positives or negatives were detected when the assay was tested directly with bacterial colonies, and with infected plant and soil samples. Sensitivity (analytical) assays using serially diluted bacterial cell lysate and purified genomic DNA established the detection limit at 10 CFU/mL and 100 fg (18–20 genome copies), respectively, even in the presence of host crude DNA. Consistent results obtained by multiple users/operators and field tests suggest the assay’s applicability to routine diagnostics, seed certification programs, biosecurity, and epidemiological studies.
Short-interval intracortical inhibition and facilitation targeting upper and lower limb muscles
Authors: Mrachacz-Kersting Natalie , Stevenson Andrew James Thomas , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study excitability of corticospinal neurons in human motor cortex. It is currently not fully elucidated if corticospinal neurons in the hand vs. leg representation show the same or different regulation of their excitability by GABAAergic and glutamatergic interneuronal circuitry. Using a paired-pulse TMS protocol we tested short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) in 18 healthy participants. Motor evoked potentials were evoked in one hand (abductor digiti minimi) and one leg muscle (tibialis anterior), with systematic variation of the intensities of the first (S1) and second (S2) pulse between 60 and 140% resting motor threshold (RMT) in 10% steps, at two interstimulus intervals of 1.5 and 2.1 ms. For the hand and leg motor representations and for both interstimulus intervals, SICI occurred if the intensities of S1 < RMT and S2 > RMT, while SICF predominated if S1 = S2 ≤ RMT, or S1 > RMT and S2 < RMT. Findings confirm and extend previous evidence that the regulation of excitability of corticospinal neurons of the hand versus leg representation in human primary cortex through GABAAergic and glutamatergic interneuronal circuits is highly similar, and that corticospinal neurons of both representations are activated by TMS transsynaptically in largely identical ways.
Design and transient experimental analysis of a pulsed brushless doubly fed alternator in a capacitor charge power supply system
Authors: Yu Kexun , Zhao Tantan , Xie Xianfei , Guo Songlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop a robust capacitor charge power supply (CCPS) system to meet the requirement of pulsed load in all‐weather mobile occasions such as vehicle, ship and aircraft. Brushless doubly fed alternator (BDFA) works through the rotor's pole pairs' transformation to get excitation indirectly, without magnets, brushes and slip rings. Both DC and AC excitation can be used. Therefore, it has high reliability and a good application prospect in the CCPS system. However, the existing research studies lack analysis of the parameters that affect charging performance, and have no experimental analysis of the prototype. To solve this problem, a comprehensive design method and experimental procedure of the pulsed BDFA are proposed and investigated. First, the operation principle of the pulsed BDFA is illustrated. Then, the charging performances under different design schemes are comparatively analysed through the finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, a prototype of the pulsed BDFA is manufactured, and the related experiments are carried out. The results verify the feasibility of the experimental procedure and the accuracy of FEA. The comprehensive design method and experimental procedure in this work provide a straightforward reference for the subsequent applications in the CCPS system.
Unimodular multiple‐input‐multiple‐output radar wave‐form design with desired correlation properties
Authors: Huang Zhongrui , Shi Yingchun , Tang Bo , Zhang Junning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnimodular waveforms with good correlation properties are desired for multiple‐input‐multiple‐output radar to achieve an increased transmitting/receiving virtual aperture. In this study, a new optimisation framework is introduced to design waveforms with good correlations. It is shown that many existing waveform design problems can be incorporated into this framework. Since the considered problem is in general highly non‐linear and non‐convex, an iterative optimisation method based on majorisation‐minimisation is developed. By carefully devising the surrogate function, the only requirement is to deal with a series of simple problems, which have closed‐form solutions. The proposed algorithm can be implemented via fast Fourier transform and hence is computationally efficient. In addition, the proposed algorithm is extended to deal with spectral constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm compared with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Impact of COVID -19 on the children’s hospital of Rabat activities during 2020: General profile and comparison with the year 2019
Authors: Oubejja Houda , Cherkaoui Adil , Lafia Toualouth , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Soulaymani Abdelmajid 
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has put stress on the healthcare system around the world and has had an impact on people’s access to healthcare. This study aims to underline the activities at the Rabat Children’s Hospital (HER), during the year 2020 which experienced a state of health emergency due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: We have listed the data from the admission and billing service, about the activities of the hospitalization department of the children’s hospital, Rabat. Data was entered on WPS and analyzed by Jamovi software 1.6.23. We also calculated some performance indicators: Average occupancy rate, average length of stay, and bed turnover interval (BOR, LOS, and BTOI). Results: We distinguished between services providing « urgent care » (intensive care unit ICU and emergency rooms ER) and those providing « non-urgent care » (pediatry and surgery) department. The mean number of hospital admissions (NHA) was around 8123 + /− 3942. The average BOR, LOS and BTOI were respectively 72.0 days (SD: 32.6), 66.83 days (SD: 2.68) and 3.89 days (SD: 4.34).
Conclusion : The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on our hospital activities, disturbing its normal functioning. This study tried to have an overview on the current situation and should lead to other studies in the future, allowing a better managmnt of our hospital.
Der beste Patient auf der Welt
Authors: Opalka Markus 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTipps aus dem Erfahrungsschatz eines versierten Kinderosteopathen: Wie begegnet man den kleinen Patienten auf der Beziehungsebene, und wie gewinnt man sie für sich und die Behandlung? Eltern und Kind als Einheit: Gerade bei Kindern, die noch nicht sprachlich kommunizieren, ist es wichtig, dass der Therapeut die Beziehung zu Eltern und Kind gleichzeitig aufbaut. Ein guter Ausklang der Behandlung ist bereits der Anfang der nächsten Behandlung, lautet die Devise. Ein Behandlungsabschluss gelingt unter anderem mit Kinderrezepten und kleinen Abschiedsgeschenken.
Entlastung für die Eierstöcke
Authors: Spajic Emilia 
Published: November 2021

SummaryDas Polyzystische Ovarialsyndrom PCOS betrifft 5–10 % der Frauen im reproduktiven Alter und geht aufgrund einer erhöhten Androgenproduktion der Ovarien mit tendenzieller Anovulation, Amenorrhö, Hirsutismus und Fertilitätsstörung einher. Während für die westliche Medizin die Hormontherapie im Vordergrund steht, behandelt die TCM insbesondere Nieren-Yang-, Milz-Qi-, Leber-Yin- oder Nieren-Yin-Mangel sowie Leber-Qi- oder Blut-Stagnation. Wenngleich sich die TCM-Behandlung über ein Jahr und länger erstrecken kann, bietet sie in Form bewährter Kräuterrezepturen und Akupunkturkonzepte erfolgversprechende Methoden zur Unterstützung der Fertilität und Lebensqualität.