bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Children’s Oral Health Habits and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in the Capital governorate, Kuwait
Authors: Boodai Hanan Abdulawahab , Elsalhy Mohamad , Alsumait Aisha , Ariga Jitendra , Al-sharbati Marwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The promotion of healthy oral practices during early stages of growth can have a positive impact on the psychology, personality and thus holistic health of individual for entire life. Assessment of determinants of oral health habits and their impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) may serve as an important instrument to articulate the conventional oral health policy framework, thereby ameliorating the overall health of young individuals in the long term. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between children’s oral health habits and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among a random students’ sample in the capital governorate, Kuwait. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 607 students, aged 12-14 years, selected randomly from the Capital in Kuwait. Collection of behavioural data was done using the validated English and Arabic Oral Health and OHRQoL CPQ12-14 following prior informed consent of parents/guardians of students enrolled in the study by trained interviewers. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 and using Shapiro- Wilks test for the determination of continuous variables for normal distribution along with frequency and percentage distribution determined the categorical variables in the form of oral health behaviours interpreted as non-fractional numerical scores. Chi-square, t-tests and ANOVA were used to evaluate the variation pattern in oral health among the subjects to determine the association of oral behaviours with child OHRQoL. Results: About 52.2% subjects were males and the overall response rate was 93.8%. The mean for total OHRQoL impact was 3.1 while the total mean for individual domains- for oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being and social well-being were 2.89, 2.89, 3.1 & 3.4, respectively. There was no significant difference in total OHRQoL impact score by frequency of last dental visit, flossing, use of mouth rinse or chewing gum but for the overall OHRQoL, frequency of soft drink intake was the only significant predictor associated with 0.2-unit decrease in total OHRQoL scores. Conclusions: Though excess soft drink consumption was related to poorer OHRQoL and an unhealthier lifestyle yet research towards behaviour changing interventions based on OHRQoL inferences coupled with clinical intervention are warranted.
Building an Integrative and Testable Hypothesis on How Edaphic Factors Ultimately Influence the Occurrence and Quality of Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, the Vegetable Caterpillar
Authors: Deng Xi-Ling , Yang Kong , Favre Adrien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe yield of commercially harvested “vegetable caterpillar” Ophiocordyceps sinensis has dramatically plummeted in the last few decades, while market demand has increased. Besides controlling the obvious overexploitation of this species, understanding how edaphic factors influence this system may improve the chances of successful cultivation and thus support the conservation of O. sinensis in the wild. Our study investigates how the presence/absence and the quality of O. sinensis may be linked to a series of edaphic factors pertinent to its microhabitat, including enzyme activity, nutrients, moisture, pH and nematode population. In order to provide a preliminary hypothesis on the relationships among edaphic factors and their influence on O. sinensis, we performed a principal component analysis and structural equation modelling despite limited replication. ResultsSoil samples containing O. sinensis were more moist and contained a higher concentration of nutrients and enzyme activity than control samples collected nearby, where the species was absent. Preliminary analyses indicated that enzyme activity may be crucial and appeared to be affected by a number of other soil factors. We found that O. sinensis would occupy microhabitats with a relatively higher soil fertility and a more persistent enzyme activity, where the values of total nitrogen and catalase are especially important. Otherwise, with the exception of organic matter and enzyme activity, mean values did not suggest any other factors potentially corresponding to a better quality of O. sinensis.ConclusionsBased on these preliminary findings and a further literature review, we formulated the first integrative hypothesis (network of interactions) on how soil factors may influence each other and O. sinensis. Finally, we indicate how this hypothesis may be tested in the future, in order to increase the chances for successful cultivation and thus promote the conservation and sustainable harvesting of O. sinensis.
Synthesis of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles by a non-classical [4+2] cycloaddition/1,5-hydrogen shift strategy
Authors: Wu Wanqing , He Dandan , Duan Kanghui , Zhou Yang , Li Meng , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel strategy has been established to assemble an array of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles and o-substituted aryl alkynes or 1-methyl-1,3-enynes via a non-classical [4 + 2] cycloaddition along with 1,5-hydrogen shift process. The well-balanced affinities of two different alkali metal salts enable the C(sp3)-H bond activation as well as the excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. This protocol offers a new guide to construct pyridine frameworks from nitriles with sp3-carbon pronucleophiles, and shows potential applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Incidence of ischemic complications and technical nuances of arteries protection for insular gliomas resection.
Authors: Hou Zonggang , Huang Zhenxing , Li Zhenye , Li Gen , Xu Yaokai , Wang Mingran , Sun Shengjun , Zhang Yazhuo , Qiao Hui , Xie Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Insular gliomas remain surgically challenge due to their complex anatomical position and microvascular supply. The incidence of ischemic complications is a risk that should not be ignored. The goal of this study was to analyze the incidence of ischemia and its risk factors, and also describe a single surgeon's arteries protection experience of insular gliomas resection. The authors studied 75 consecutive cases of insular gliomas that underwent transcortical tumor resection in their division. Analysis included pre- and postoperative demographic, clinical, radiological including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), as well as intraoperative neurophysiology data, and functional outcomes. Strategies such as “Residual Triangle”, “Basal Ganglia Reconstruction” and “Sculpting Technique” were used to protect lateral lenticulostriate arteries and main branches of M2 for maximal tumor resection according to the different classification of Berger-Sinai. Postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging showed acute ischemia in 44 patients, only 9 of whom developed new motor deficits. Flat inner edge (OR 0.144 95% CI 0.024, 0.876), and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) (<50%) (OR 18.182, 95% CI 3.311, 100.00) were determined to have significant associations with postoperative Critical Ischemia, which located in the posterior limb of the internal capsule or corona radiata. For insular gliomas resection, the protection of main branches of MCA is important. Insular gliomas resection might be with high incidence of ischemia uncovered by DWI which not always result in neurological deficits. Their own strategies maybe the feasible technical nuances allow the surgeon to achieve a thorough and safe resection. Motor evoked potentials is essential for its resection.
Comparison of Times of Synchronization of Chaotic Burke-Shaw Attractor with Active Control and Integer and Optimum Fractional-Order Pecaro Carroll Method
Authors: Durdu Ali , Uyaroğlu Yılmaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many studies have been introduced in the literature showing that two identical chaotic systems can be synchronized with different initial conditions. Secure data communication applications have also been made using synchronization methods. In the study, synchronization times of two popular synchronization methods are compared, which is an important issue for communication. Among the synchronization methods, active control, integer, and fractional-order Pecaro Carroll (P-C) method was used to synchronize the Burke-Shaw chaotic attractor. The experimental results showed that the P-C method with optimum fractional-order is synchronized in 2.35 times shorter time than the active control method. This shows that the P-C method using fractional-order creates less delay in synchronization and is more convenient to use in secure communication applications.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Bai Le , Zhang Li , Pan Tingyu , Wang Wei , Wang Dian , Turner Cassidy , Zhou Xianmei , He Hailang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease, of which the etiology has been poorly understood. Several studies have focused on the relationship between IPF and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the past years but have failed to reach a consensus. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between diabetes to IPF.Methods: We accumulated studies investigating the association between DM and IPF from databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. RevMan 5.3 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were utilized to analyze the data and assess the quality of the included studies. The value of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the measure to estimate the risk of DM in IPF. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. We also performed subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and Egger’s test for bias analysis. Results: Nine case-control studies with 5,096 IPF patients and 19,095 control subjects were included in the present meta-analysis, which indicated that DM could increase the risk of IPF (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.30-2.10; P < 0.0001). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis negated the influence of covariates like cigarette smoking, age and gender, but the heterogeneity existed and could not be fully explained. Conclusion: The meta-analysis indicated that DM is highly probably related to IPF. Further rigorously designed studies are required to confirm the present findings and investigate the possible mechanisms behind the effect of DM on IPF.
Prognostics significance of small pulmonary vessels alteration measured by chest CT in connective tissue diseases with PAH
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Ning , Sun Xiaoxuan , Liu Qingwen , Yuan Xiaohan , Wang Qiang , Zhou Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by structural alterations of the pulmonary vessels. Few studies have explored the clinical significance of quantitative assessment of pulmonary small vessels by chest CT. Our aim was to assess whether the prognosis of connective tissue diseases (CTD)-PAH patients could be asscessed through pulmonary small vessels measured by chest CT.
Methods

42 CTD-PAH patients diagnosed based on right heart catheterization were retrospectively investigated. All patients underwent a chest CT within 1 month before and after RHC examination. Main pulmonary artery (MPA), the cross-sectional area of small pulmonary vessels < 5 mm 2 as a percentage of total lung area (%CSA< 5) were measured. The primary endpoint was a composite clinical worsening endpoint.
Results

After a median follow-up time of 30.5 (IQR, 8.5-45.25) months, endpoint events occurred in 16 (38.1%) patients after 19.5 (IQR 10.0-45.5) months. Cox univariate proportional hazard analysis showed that pulmonary vascular resistance, MPA diameter, and %CSA< 5 were associated with the endpoint. A combination of MPA diameter and %CSA< 5 was the independent risk factor for the prognosis (hazard ratio, 2.180 [95% CI, 1.405–3.383], P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CTD-PAH patients satisfying %CSA< 5 less than 0.382 and MPA greater than 36.75 mm had the highest risk of experiencing the endpoint.
Conclusion

Among the pulmonary vascular indicators measured by chest CT, in addition to MPA, %CSA< 5 may be a potential independent risk factor for poor long-term prognosis in Chinese CTD-PAH patients.
Aedes Aegypti:&nbsp;Morphology the Egg and Embryonic Development
Authors: Mundim-Pombo Ana Paula Miranda , León Marisol , Carvalho Hianka Jasmyne Costa de , Maria Durvanei Augusto , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) has great relevance in public health worldwide due to its performance as a vector of arboviruses, which makes the knowledge about its cycle fundamental. It is known that the acquaintance of embryonic kinetics has great potential to assist in the development of new vector control technologies and, consequently, in the control of arboviruses. Methods: This research proposes to analyze the egg morphology and embryonic development of Aedes aegypti. Eggs from the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo (n = 46) were used. The methodological procedure involved morphological and ultrastructural analyzes using equipment for optical microscopy (light and confocal) and electronic (scanning). Eggs and embryos were observed in initial, intermediate and final thirds of development, kept at a temperature of 28°C, 1°C until collection for processing. Results: The embryos had different morphological characteristics according to the stage of gestation, in the initial and intermediate stages of development. In the initial third, the presence of primordial epithelium and characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the eggs, it is concluded that the great resistance of the chorion in the embryo is a factor that generates difficulties for microscopic analysis of the embryo (mainly in fixation), with a strong protective barrier.
A high positive correlation between the distance and temperature of the hottest nearby space objects
Authors: Kalhor Bahram , Mehrparvar Farzaneh , Kalhor Behnam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper uses the distance and temperature of 47,111 hottest nearby space objects including stars, quasars, white dwarf, and carbon stars. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database and obtained this information from 930,000 records. The range of temperature of the hottest objects is between 6158 and 99,575 K. Also, the distance of the objects is between 231.7375 and 1 (mas). We report the correlation between the distance and temperature of these hot objects at the temperature upper than 6632 K is equal to 0.135063 and will be increased to 0.32001 at temperatures upper than 9860 K. Also, the correlation between the temperature and distance of objects hotter than 12,000 K is equal to 0.270218.
Determinants of Acculturation Preferences between Ethiopian Majority in Shashemene, and Rastafarian Community
Authors: Badasa Gamachu Gishe , Bedada Mekonnen Sime 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Acculturation is learning and adopting cultural traits different from the ones with which the person was originally growing up.
Methods

The researchers employed a transformative mixed research design. We randomly selected 349 participants from both the majority and their counterparts. Item measures acculturation choices of native and Rastafarians which were adapted from Navas et al. (2005) Relative Acculturation Extended Model. We computed multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify determinants of majorities' and minorities' acculturation preferences. A p-value < 0.05 considered significant.
Results

The study has shown that most of the respondents preferred the marginalization approach 54.7%. This result also highlighted that the second-largest preferred acculturation was assimilation 22.6%. Over 26.8% of the Rastafarians, pick separation preference. in the condition where the Rastafarians were to speak the local language, their likelihood of making integration to marginalization increased by 0.37 unit while holding all other variables in the model constant (AOR = 0.374, 95% CI (.146,.959). If a majority were to increase smoking Ganja by one point, the odds of preferring integration to marginalization enhanced by 0.008 points (AOR = 0.008, 95% CI (.001, 072). As for factors related to Rastafarians’ acculturation decision, divorce is one factor because many Ethiopian women who have a relationship with local men marry and bear children to Rasta men just to share their resources. In this study, the likelihood of making integration to marginalization optimized by 41.95 points if the local people had the habit of smoking Ganja (AOR = 41.95, 95% CI (2.51,.701.69). The Rastafarian reported that the town leaders have been continuously accusing them of planting and smoking Ganja, marijuana, and others.
Conclusion

The research suggested that there are some individuals working against the Rastafarians; therefore, elders and Abba Gedas have to work together to protect the vulnerable group as the Oromo culture, nurture togetherness and peaceful coexistence not to displace their neighborhood. We found that the Rastafarian people lack unity among themselves because there are some individuals often creating problems and paving the way for other intruders to discriminate against the Rasta community. Therefore, before blaming others it is a good idea if you first clean your houses.
Highly Sensitive Terahertz Non-destructive Testing Technology for Stone Relics Deterioration Prediction Using SVM-Based Machine Learning Models
Authors: Meng Tianhua , Huang Rong , Lu Yuhe , Liu Hongmei , Ren Jianguang , Zhao Guozhong , Hu Weidong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hollowing deterioration of stone relics required effective non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for their timely restoration and maintenance. To this end, a new NDT method based on terahertz (THz) technology by using support vector machine (SVM)-based machine learning models was developed to assess and diagnose the hollowing deterioration of the Yungang Grottoes. According to experiment design, a series of hollowing deterioration samples with various thicknesses of hollowing deterioration were prepared and then measured by using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Based on the THz-TDS results of 30 randomly selected samples, a SVM-based hollowing deterioration prediction model (SVM-HDPM) was established by analyzing the relationship between the hollowing samples and the THz spectral information. The reliability and accuracy of the model was further proved by verified and compared with using the THz spectral data of the remaining 10 samples. The experimental results with the linear kernel function greatly demonstrated that the SVM-HDPM can have superior prediction accuracy with a mean square error (MSE) of 3.303E-4, implying that the model is feasible for the prediction the hollowing deterioration of the stone relics. Moreover, one data preprocess was introduced into SVM-HDPM to meet the needs of field-based test. The predicted results of five different hollowing deterioration with different flaked stone thickness revealed good performance with MSE value as low as 4.46E-4. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed method can be regarded as an effective NDT technique with practical applications in analyzing cultural relics and have promising future prospects in inspection stone relics-like ancient heritage for hidden flaws.
Cytotoxicity and Toxicological Studies of Artocarpus altilis Extracts,
Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via CASPASE-3 and CASPASE-8 Pathways against Human Breast MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Jalal Tara , Natto Hatim Abdullah , Wahab Ridhwan Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In recent biomedical research, the area of cancer and infectious diseases occupies a leading position in the utilization of medicinal plants as a source of drug discovery. Malaysia has a diversity and a large number of underutilized fruits that are rich in phenolic compounds. Artoarpus altilis is considered an underutilized fruit that is rich in phenolic compounds. Methanol extracts of A. altilis have been previously found to contain a high content of antioxidant phytochemicals.

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and toxicological effect of methanol fruit extracts against MCF-7 cells. To determine the least concentration that might kill or suppress the growth of the cancer cells was in a concentration-dependent manner.

Methods:
The variation in the cytotoxic activity among the extracts was indicated by determining the IC50 of each extract against cells at 72 h. The IC50 of the samples was measured using a trypan blue exclusion assay. The methanol extract of the pulp part showed the least inhibition concentration of 15.40±0.91 μg/mL on MCF-7 cells. In the study, the molecular mechanism of methanol extracts-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrested in human cancer cells were investigated in a time-dependent-manner by using flow cytometry. The treated cells were stained with nexin to detect early and late apoptosis and with propidium iodide (PI) for cell cycle arreste associated with the DNA fragmentation; various cell arrests occurred at G1/S, S, and G2/M phases. Lastly, the gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR method was carried out by analyzing the expression of the gene of interest for the quantification of mRNA levels.

Results:
Results after cells were treated with IC50 were revealed by upregulating anti-apoptotic genes/downregulated of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 gene expressions triggered the treated cells into CASPASE-3, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the methanol extracts of three parts of A. altilis fruit have potential anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells mainly the pulp part of the fruit.
Antimycobacterial Assessment and Microwave-assisted Synthesis of 2-aryl-
3-(4-methylphenylamino)thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives
Authors: Alghamdi Saad , Kamal Mehnaz , Asif Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
This article reports the microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of some -4-one derivatives (2a-2h) for their in-vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) method. All these final compounds (2a-2h) were synthesized from Schiff’s bases, 1-arylidene-2-(4-methylphenyl)hydrazines (1a-1h), and thioglycolic acid by using zinc chloride as a catalyst. Compounds (1a-1h) were synthesized from the reaction of 4-methylhydrazine and appropriate aromatic aldehydes by Schiff’s reaction. Among the target compounds, 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methylarylamino)thiazolidin-4-one (2f) and 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-methylarylamino)thiazolidin-4-one (2g) were promising with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL against M. tuberculosisH37Rv. Based on the preliminary results, compounds 2f and 2g were considered as lead compounds for the advanced design and development of antimycobacterial agents.