bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-amylase, and antiglucosidase effects of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Amal Ahmed Mohammed , El-Zohri Manal , Shahat Abdelaaty A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To explore the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-amylase, and anti-glucosidase effects of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina-christi (L.).
Methods: Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) methanol extract (ZS-1) and its ethyl-acetate (ZS-2), n-butanol (ZS3), and aqueous (ZS-4) fractions were evaluated for their hepatoprotective, anti-amylase, and antiglucosidase activities. Adult male Wister rats were divided into 11 groups (I- XI) with 6 mice per group. Group I was normal control, while the treatment groups were as follows: group II, CCl4; group III, Silymarin + CCl4; group IV, Ziziphus spina-christi total methanol extract (ZS-1), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group V, ZS-1 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group VI, ethyl acetate fraction (ZS-2), 100 mg/kg + CCl4; group VII: ZS-2 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group VIII, butanol fraction (ZS-3), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group IX, ZS-3 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group X, aqueous fraction (ZS-4), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group XI: ZS-4 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4. Silymarin was used as the standard. Biomarkers of liver and kidney toxicity and histopathological changes were evaluated.
Results: Liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and total protein levels were elevated in CCl4-treated rats; however, ZS-1 and ZS-4 of Z. spina-christi significantly reduced these levels. ZS-2 and ZS-3 did not significantly improve the studied parameters. These results were confirmed by results from histopathological examination. ZS-1 and ZS-2 showed mild inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (54 and 43 % at 100 µg/ml, respectively).
Conclusion: The results indicate that ZS-1 and ZS-4 samples displayed dose-dependent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, whereas ZS-2 and ZS-3 samples did not exhibit these effects. Similarly, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes are considerably inhibited by ZS-1 and ZS-2.
Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (Mazaceae) herb
Authors: Ishtiaq Saiqa , Ilyas Ayesha , Irshad Numera , Niaz Uzma , Hanif Uzma , Afridi Muhammad Shaharyar Khan , Shaheen Shabnam , Kamran Sairah H. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) herb.
Methods: Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writing methods. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (0.1 mL of 1 %) model was used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract was administered orally at three different doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) to three separate groups in all the experiments. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug while control group received DMSO (1 %, 10 mL/kg). The hepatocurative effect of methanol extract of M. pumilus (400 mg/kg) was determined in isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparison. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out.
Results: The methanol extract of M. pumilus significantly (p < 0.05) augmented latency time and reduced the number of writhes in the pain models at all doses used for the assessment of antinociceptive actions. The anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the paw. A significant (p < 0.05) hepatocurative effect was observed when administered after anti-tuberculosis drugs. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues also revealed restored hepatocellular architecture.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of M. pumilus, thus substantiating the ethnomedical claims associated with the herb.
Caretaker Committee and Performance of Local Government Council in Anambra State
Authors: Joyce Mbaebie Joyce Mbaebie 
Published: May 2021

The study focused on the caretaker committee and performance of local Government Council in Nigeria: A study of Anambra State 2008 - 2013. In Nigeria federal structure, the three levels of government have legislative responsibility for various services and functions. The fourth schedule of the constitution outlines the functions and responsibilities of local government. The objective of the study is to: determine if the imposition of the caretaker committee system is a constitutional provision of the local government system in Nigeria especially Anambra State; to determine if the adoption of the caretaker committee by the state government affected the capacity of local government to perform its functions. The theoretical framework adopted focused on structural functional theory propounded by Gabriel Almond and J.S. Coleman in 1960. The study adopted descriptive research design and relied heavily on both primary and secondary data. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection and data were analyzed by the use of mean. Based on the data analysis, the following findings were made: the imposition of the caretaker committee system by state government to local governments is unconstitutional, the adoption of the caretaker committee by state government endangered the local government system capacity to perform its constitutional function. The study recommended amongst others that the use of or appointment of local government caretaker committee should be condemned, caretaker committee should be made to spend only three months to allow for a constitutionally elected local government executive.
Keywords: Local Government, Caretaker, Committee, Grassroots, Performance.
Catering Entrepreneurship Opportunities Open to Women for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Oladokun Augustina 
Published: May 2021

Breaking away from the shackles of unemployment and ridicules of poverty is the dream of every individual and every nation. This paper on catering entrepreneurship opportunities open to women for wealth creation and sustainable development in Nigeria is very timing considering the weight of hunger, anger and illnesses in many homes in Nigeria due to poverty. Women are nation builders but unfortunately, many are unemployed. For economic development and sustainability, women who are nation builders need to strive hard to create wealth and generate income. This paper looked at the concept of wealth, wealth creation and opportunities open to women in catering business ventures for survival. Looking at the strategies stimulating women participation in catering wealth creation, nonformal education and extension services among others were highlighted. It was suggested that in the creation of wealth, money must be wisely spent and other principles of money management strictly adhered to.
Keywords: Wealth, wealth creation, catering, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship opportunities
Restructuring NDDC: Pathway to Development in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ubiebi Kingsley , Ogbonna Ikechukwu Stanley 
Published: May 2021

Niger Delta comprises of the South-South states, Ondo state from the South west, Imo and Abia States from the South East region of Nigeria. Despite the huge mineral resources that the region generates and the driving force to the national economy, the region remains in abject poverty, youth unemployment, poor infrastructure and high level insecurity. This paper investigates the role of NDDC, successes and challenges in the development of Niger Delta region. The Marxist instrumentalist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Documentary method was adopted as the method of data collection and content analysis was employed as the method of analysis. The paper found out that the federal government has created several interventionist bodies which include the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) (1958), the Oil Minerals Producing and Development Commission (OMPADEC) (1992), the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) (2000) and the most recent, Ministry of Niger Delta (2008). In spite of this various interventionist bodies, the region is still far underdeveloped with little or nothing on ground compared to what is being exploited from the region. As an oil producing region, it ought to enjoy massive infrastructural development, job creation, empowerment programs and peaceful society, among others. However, this paper is of the view that a lot still needs to be done, as the region is retrogressing speedily instead of progressing in regards to the core indices of development. This paper also found out that corruption has eaten deep into the affair of NDDC. There is also a report of a cabal who hijacks contracts and sells it to contractors that end up doing low standard jobs not in line with the bill of quantities or not doing at all. The paper recommends total restructuring of Ministry of Niger Delta and NDDC in area of staff posting and review of organogram of the board. There should be a think-tank team of individuals with reputable character both from government and representatives of the people, towards listing out the needs of the people according to preference. A review of projects done and the ones ongoing across the Niger Delta oil producing states with the contractors involved to see if it is in line with the bill of quantities, any contractor found wanting should face the full wrath of the law.
Keywords: Restructuring, Development, Niger Delta, Corruption, Oil Politics
Restructuring towards Sustainable Development: The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Should Play in the Development of the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Orhero Abraham , Edo Zephaniah Osuyi 
Published: May 2021

The oil rich Niger Delta region is host to several big corporations that are involved in the exploration and extraction of her oil. Right from 1958 when oil was first exported in commercial quantity, the region has continued to play significant role in the budgetary calculation of Nigeria. However, despite its oil wealth, the Niger Delta is largely underdeveloped as its environment have been impacted negatively by the activities of oil multinationals and ignored by successive governments. Over the years, conflicts and oil theft have also affected its development. This is in spite of oil companies affirmed commitment to corporate social behavior. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been used to measure a company developmental commitment to host communities and it is a well settled argument that companies have a role to play no matter how minimal, either to mitigate the impacts of their activities or to enhance local participation. This paper attempts to look at how effective oil multinationals CSR is in the region, in the wake of increased spate of violence, social activism and massive environmental degradation.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility, Niger Delta
Restructuring Ceramic Production for Wealth Creation, Security and Sustainable Development through the Construction of Kick Wheel
Authors: Esosuakpo Sunday 
Published: May 2021

Right from the time of independence, Nigeria has adopted different restructuring methods in order to create wealth that will improve her economy, ensure security and enhance sustainable development. In doing this, different aspects of human and natural resources have been explored. But it appears that ceramics which is a branch of industrial art and an aspect of the people’s culture has not been considered even when the major raw material (clay) required is abundantly available as the oil. Perhaps, its non-consideration could be due to the crude tools used which do not give room for mass production of ceramic wares that could generate wealth to the nation and her citizens, ensure security and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper explores restructuring ceramic production for wealth creation, security and enhancement of sustainable development in Nigeria through the construction of kick wheel. In carrying out the construction, materials were sourced and constructed into parts. Thereafter, assemblage was done through welding and screwing of parts. In a trial test, the kickwheel worked effectively in mass production of ceramic wares that could create wealth and make ceramics interesting for people to take up as job, thus reduce idleness and crime and ensure peace and security. The paper recommended among others that our country should establish centres for local constructions and fabrications as it will help in turning out our own Nigerian made tools and equipment, give room for apprenticeship, facilitate establishment of cottage industries, help revamp and restructure moribund industries, create wealth, and enhance security and sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Restructure, National Development, Construction, Kick- Wheel, Ceramics, Wares, Wealth Creation
Global Environment and Local Governments: Global Norms, Policy Adoption, and Local Diffusion
Authors: Park Nara 
Published: May 2021

This article investigates a central question in modern organization theory, how organizations adapt to environmental changes by examining the diffusion of environmental ordinances among Korean local governments, 1995 to 2016. There are two waves in the diffusion; ‘Environment Basic Ordinance (1996-2007)’ and ‘Green Growth Ordinance (2010-2013).’ We argue that Korean local governments have increasingly become autonomous and accountable actors that respond to diversified stimulus from surrounding environments, while also concerning about their own needs and capacity. Hence, in adopting ‘Green Growth Ordinances,’ competitively adopted in the 2010s, Korean local governments considered more factors than they had done for ‘Environment Basic Ordinances.’ Employing event history analysis, we find empirical support for this argument. By comparing the diffusion pattern of the two environmental ordinances, this paper traces changing mechanisms of local environmental governance as well as policy diffusion among Korean local governments.
Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search Space Splitting and Portfolio
Authors: Konan Tchinda Rodrigue , Tayou Djamegni Clémentin 
Published: May 2021

Search space splitting and portfolio are the two main approaches used in parallel SAT solving. Each of them has its strengths but also, its weaknesses. Decomposition in search space splitting can help improve speedup on satisfiable instances while competition in portfolio increases robustness. Many parallel hybrid approaches have been proposed in the literature but most of them still cope with load balancing issues that are the cause of a non-negligible overhead. In this paper, we describe a new parallel hybridization scheme based on both search space splitting and portfolio that does not require the use of load balancing mechanisms (such as dynamic work stealing).
Les deux principales approches utilisées dans la résolution parallèle du problème de satisfiabilité propositionnelle sont DPR (Diviser Pour Régner) et portfolio. Chacune d’elles comporte des forces et des faiblesses. La décomposition dans DPR permet d’améliorer le speedup sur les instancessatisfiables tandis que la compétition dans les portfolios accroit la robustesse. Plusieurs approches hybrides pour la résolution parallèle de SAT ont été présentées dans la littérature mais la plupart d’entre elles souffrent encore des problèmes dus aux mécanismes de rééquilibrage dynamique decharges qui sont à l’origine d’un surcoût non négligeable. Nous décrivons dans ce papier un nouveau schéma d’hybridation parallèle basé sur les deux approches DPR et portfolio ne nécessitant pas la mise en œuvre des mécanismes de rééquilibrage de charges (tels que le vol de tâche).
A note on Lang's conjecture for quotients of bounded domains
Authors: Boucksom Sébastien , Diverio Simone 
Published: May 2021

It was conjectured by Lang that a complex projective manifold is Kobayashi hyperbolic if and only if it is of general type together with all of its subvarieties. We verify this conjecture for projective manifolds whose universal cover carries a bounded, strictly plurisubharmonic function. This includes in particular compact free quotients of bounded domains.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, comments are welcome. v3: following suggestions made by the referee, the exposition has been improved all along the paper, we added a variant of Theorem A which includes manifolds whose universal cover admits a bounded psh function which is strictly psh just at one point, and we added a section of examples. Final version, to appear on \'Epijournal G\'eom. Alg\'ebrique
Complex reflection groups and K3 surfaces I
Authors: Bonnafé Cédric , Sarti Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

We construct here many families of K3 surfaces that one can obtain as quotients of algebraic surfaces by some subgroups of the rank four complex reflection groups. We find in total 15 families with at worst $ADE$--singularities. In particular we classify all the K3 surfaces that can be obtained as quotients by the derived subgroup of the previous complex reflection groups. We prove our results by using the geometry of the weighted projective spaces where these surfaces are embedded and the theory of Springer and Lehrer-Springer on properties of complex reflection groups. This construction generalizes a previous construction by W. Barth and the second author.Comment: 26 pages
Souvenirs d’enfance (Moscou, années 50)
Authors: Fluhr Vera 
Published: May 2021

This story evokes great historic events of the USSR in the 1950s (the death of Stalin and the last respects for him, the detention and dislodgement of Beria) through the lens of various episodes of a little Muscovite’s life. Showing the everyday life of a family and its neighborhood seen by the child’s eyes, the story plunges us into the Soviet life under totalitarian regime and makes us feel the authentic atmosphere of the times.
ce récit évoque les événements historiques majeurs de l’URSS dans les années 1950 (décès et obsèques de Staline, dénonciation et arrestation deBéria) au travers d’épisodes de la vie d’une petite Moscovite. Il raconte le quotidien d’une famille et la vie d’un quartier vu par les yeux d’une enfant, ce qui rend l’atmosphère de l’époque beaucoup plus présente et nous plonge vraiment au coeur de la vie soviétique sous ce régime totalitaire.
Aтмосфера Советского Союза 50-х годов XX века глазами маленькой девочки. Смерть и похороны Сталина, первомайскиедемонстрации, арест и разоблачение Берии, «выборы» в условиях тоталитарного режима, поход в мавзолей Ленина-Сталина, выдворение инвалидов войны из Москвы, репрессии, пропаганда и страх – мозаика эпизодов из жизни московской семьи, двора и улицы, на фоне исторических событий в стране.
Literature Review: Intervensi dalam Mengatasi Stigma-Diri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS
Authors: Avin Maria  
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Self stigma in people living with HIV/AIDS is a survival mechanism to protect themselves from external stigma. Stigma and discrimination in people living with HIV/AIDS can lead to inequality in sociallife. This inequality can cause inferiority complex, preoccupation, and denial of diagnosis, which correlates with the onset of depression.
Objective: To review an intervention that can be use to reduce self stigma on people living with HIV.
Methods: Researcher conducted a literature review of studies and reports that assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce HIV self-stigma. Databases searched from Science Direct, EBSCO Host, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Article criteria is article which published from 2010-2019.
Results: Of 117 articles and reports identified, 3 were included in review representing 4 different interventions which used on reduce self-stigma on peple living with HIV. The interventions are logo therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Family psycoeducation, Stigma Reduction Intervention (SRI).
Conclusion: This literature review showed that stigma reduction intervention with workshop, logotherapy, ACT, FPE and stigma reduction intervention with video can reduce self stigma on HIV patients. There is a need for policies to be able to implement these interventions because through the reduction in selfstigma, the effect is in improving patient health and patient medicationadherence. All intervention are promising nterventions to reduces self- stigma because applicable and feasible to implement due to its flexibility, non-invasive and no side effects.

Keywords: literature review, HIV, self stigma
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH BUKU UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Adi Bambang Wasito , Fikrianto Misbah , Suratni Suratni 
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk melihat sejauh mana implementasi kebijakan BOS Buku ditinjau dari sumber anggaran untuk penyediaan buku; (2) untuk menganalisis hambatan/masalah yang ada dari implementasi kebijakan BOS buku; dan (3) untuk mencari dan memberikan solusi terhadap hambatan-hambatan tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara terbatas pada 15 sekolah dasar pada empat kecamatan di kota Depok. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed method) dengan cara pengambilan data melalui survei dan kuesioner deskriptif. Analisis yang telah digunakan adalah dengan persentase dan deskriptif kualitatif. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel tunggal yaitu implementasi kebijakan pemerintah mengenai BOS Buku. Hasil Penelitian mencakup tiga hal utama. Pertama, bahwa sumber anggaran untuk penyediaan buku di sekolah berasal dari BOS Reguler, APBD, orangtua siswa, dan sponsor untuk sekolah swasta. Dalam implementasinya, sebanyak 8 sekolah (53%) menyatakan anggaran tersebut cukup dan 7 sekolah (46,6%) menyatakan sebaliknya. Kedua, masalah yang ada dalam implementasi kebijakan BOS Buku adalah ketersediaan buku yang tidak mencukupi dengan rasio 1 buku : 1 siswa, proses pelaporan administrasi BOS yang rumit, dan dana BOS pada implementasinya mengalami keterlambatan. Terakhir, peneliti memberikan solusi terhadap masalah-masalah yang ada kepada berbagai pihak terkait, pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, sekolah, orang tua siswa, dan penerbit/agen buku.
Penggunaan Fitobiotik Nanoenkapsulasi Minyak Buah Merah untuk Meningkatkan Persentase Kerkas dan Meat Bone Ratio Ayam Kampung Super di Kabupaten Manokwari
Authors: Saputri Anjar Wati  , Nani Zurahmah  , Bangkit Lutfiaji Syaefullah  
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fitobiotik minyak buah merah terhadap persentase karkas dan meat bone ratio ayam kampung super yang diaplikasikan dalam air minum sabagai bahan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ayam kampung super. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak legkap pola searah dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor DOC sebagai unit percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif, 2,5 % minyak buah merah, 2,5% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah, 5 % fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah, dan 10% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah tidak perpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase karkas. Sedangkan hasil analisis data terhadap meat bone ratio berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05). Hasil uji lanjut DMRT menunjukkan bahwa P2 (2,5% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah) berbeda nyata (P<,0,05) dengan P1 (2,5% minyak buah merah), P3 (5% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah), P4 (10% fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah) tetapi tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan P0 (tanpa perlakuan fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah). Perlakuan terbaik dengan rataan meat bone ratio tertinggi yaitu P2 dengan pemberian fitobiotik nanoenkapsulasi minyak buah merah 2,5%.