bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical approach to the analysis of local and global climate and weather data and to the determination of CO2 sensitivities
Authors: Timm Wolf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Some freely available global temperature data sets which document the weather for a period of over 100 years, e.g. from NASA, from NOAA, additionally also local data e.g. for Germany (DWD) were analyzed in order to derive meaningful empirical long-term trends with suitable multi-annual averages. This is first demonstrated using global climate data with different approaches, whereby the results are to a high degree consistent. Analyzes of the German temperature and weather data and of climate data from other continents are carried out in a similar manner. For reliable forecasts it is important to determine the CO2 sensitivity as precisely as possible. A very simple method is to smooth out temperatures over 20 years at a time. If these values are plotted at intervals of 10 years over the associated (also averaged) CO2 content, the temperature database (since 1961) is condensed to 5 data points and a statement can be made about the quality of the linearity for the respective database. Both the NASA data and the NOAA data show an unusually good linearity with almost identical CO2 sensitivity (approx. 0.0105 K/ppm CO2). This indicates that the long-term trend in global temperature since around 1960 has been largely determined solely by greenhouse gases. If the regional weather data is used as a basis, there is also in many cases strict linearity with increasing CO2 content. The analysis of the regional data allows the conclusion that there is approximately a specific CO2 sensitivity for every region on earth with specific statistical uncertainties: For mean global land, it is 0.017 K, for Germany it is 0.022 K, and for Alaska even 0.028 K per ppm CO2 .
Highly Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Citrus maxima Peel Extract
Authors: Bui Thu Ha , Tran Ngoc Dai Nghia , Nguyen Phung Anh , Duong Nhat Linh , Nguyen Van Minh , Nguyen Dinh Hong Nguyet , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Dang-Bao Trung , Phan Hong Phuong , Tri Nguyen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A cost-effective and green technique was performed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from a plant resource using Citrus maxima peel (CMP) extract as a reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy at the wavelength range of 400−500 nm. The optimized conditions for the AgNPs synthesis using CMP extract as a reducing agent were determined. At these conditions, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results revealed the face-centered cubic structure of AgNPs had a highly crystalline with the particle size in a range of 10−20 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated the presence of flavonoid, terpenoid, phenolic, and glycosides in phytochemical compositions of CMP extract which can act as the reducing agents for AgNPs formation. The antibacterial effect of the AgNPs was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by implementing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum batericidal concentration (MBC), and the zone of inhibition tests. The AgNPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against bacteria with an average diameter of inhibition zones of 11.7 mm, the MIC of 8.27 µg/mL, and the MBC of the 16.54 µg/mL.
Quantify Wetland Bird Habitat Selection in Urban Environment
Authors: Lu Lin , XIONG HAO , Wang Yan-ting , Lan Gui-ying , Liu Wei-dong , Li Nian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: As the importance of wetlands is recognized by society, the awareness of protecting wetlands is gradually awakening. Wetland conservation actions have been taken around the world, which brought the upsurge of urban wetland construction. However, the lack of research on habitat selection of wetland species results in poor construction or restoration of wetlands habitat in cities. The aims of this work are: (1) to unveil main factors affect habitat selection for the egrets dwelling and foraging. (2) to quantify their preference of habitat factors natural and urban wetland at multi scale. Methods: Quadrat sampling are used to collect the data of habitat factor selection. Factor analysis and component analysis for the preference and the difference of habitat selection in natural and urban wetland.Results: Guarding and flushing distances of egret were longer in natural wetland than those in constructed wetland. Difference significance tests of egret perching habitat factors showed that the habitat factors as distance from disturbed area, vegetation density, vegetation coverage, slope, distance from water surface, were striking (P〈0.05). In natural wetland and constructed wetland, the differences of three habitat factors including distance from disturbed area, ground coverage and vegetation coverage were striking (P〈0.05). PCA (Principal Component Analysis) extracted two principal components—distance factor and vegetation factor. Vanderloeg and Scavia coefficient analysis results suggested that Egrets intended to inhabit at areas with gentle slope, dense vegetation, wide forest belt, short distance from water surface, long distance from disturbed area, and forest near a fork estuary. They preferred to selected farmlands, fishponds, rivers, and shallows as their foraging sites in natural wetland, while in artificial environment the requirement for distance from disturbed area and hiding cover were loosened. The shoals of artificial rivers and lakes in urban wetlands are their choice. Conclusion: This study suggest that distance and vegetation were two principal components for egrets dwelling habitat selection. The disturbance distance from human was the most limiting factor for egret habitat selection in urban wetlands.
A Time-Dependent Creep Constitutive Model of Deep Surrounding Rock Under Temperature-Stress Coupling
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Yin Zhixiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study the creep behavior of surrounding rock of Hengda coal mine in Fuxin under different temperature, the triaxial creep test of sandstone is carried out by MTS815.02 test system. Based on the Nishihara model, the model creep parameters are denormalized by introducing the relationship among damage variables, time and temperature. The improved variable parameter creep aging model is obtained. The creep parameters are identified by least squares method. The correctness of the creep model is verified by comparing the experimental data with the model curves. The results show that the instantaneous strain to the total strain ratio decreases first and then increases due to the compaction deformation of the internal voids under the initial stress level. The decrease of temperature effectively increases the rock bearing capacity and delays the creep damage time. The established variable-time aging creep model can not only describe the rock attenuation creep and stable creep deformation characteristics, but also makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional creep model that can not describe the accelerated creep characteristics. And it predict the development law of creep deformation well. The model is in good agreement with the test curve, which shows the correctness and rationality of the model. It has guiding significance for actual engineering support and prediction of long-term deformation of surrounding rock.
The Risk of Carotid Plaque Instability in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: It is Higher in Women with Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Servadei Francesca , Anemona Lucia , Cardellini Marina , Scimeca Manuel , Montanaro Manuela , Rovella Valentina , Daniele Francesca Di , Giacobbi Erica , Legramante Jacopo Maria , Noce Annalisa , Bonfiglio Rita , Borboni Patrizia , Daniele Nicola Di , Ippoliti Arnaldo , Federici Massimo , Mauriello Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome certainly favors growth of carotid plaque; however, it is uncertain if it determines plaque destabilization. Furthermore, it is likely that only some components of metabolic syndrome are associated with increased risk of plaque destabilization. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of different elements of metabolic syndrome, individually and in association, on carotid plaques destabilization. Methods: A total of 186 carotid endarterectomies from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were histologically analysed and correlated with major cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Metabolic syndrome, regardless of the cluster of its components, is not associated with a significant increase in risk of plaque destabilization, rather with the presence of stable plaques. The incidence of unstable plaques in patients with metabolic syndrome is quite low (43.9%), when compared with that seen in the presence of some risk factors, but significantly increases in the subgroup of female patients with hypertriglyceridemia, showing an odds ratio of 3.01 (CI 95% 0.25 - 36.30). Conclusions: Our data may help to identify patients with real increased risk of acute cerebrovascular diseases and may support the hypothesis that the control of hypertriglyceridemia should be a key point on prevention of carotid atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, especially in post-menopausal female patients. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, carotid, histology, hypertriglyceridemia , post-menopause.
Benign Pleural Multicystic Mesothelioma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rezvani Alireza , Pishva SeyedehMaryam , Erfani Amirhossein , Monabati Ahmad , Ziaian Bizhan , Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Shahriarirad Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Fewer than 200 benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma cases were reported worldwide till 2017, while its pleural involvement has rarely been reported. Case presentation: We report a 70-year-old man who presented with three months history of chronic cough. Surgical resection was performed, and the pathology confirmed benign multicystic pleural mesothelioma. The patient underwent right lateral thoracotomy, wedges resection of the right upper lobe, and parietal pleurectomy and was discharged with an uneventful postop course.Conclusion: Based on published literature to date, this is the second reported case of pleural involvement of this disease.
Early Venous Thromboembolism Is A Strong Prognostic Factor In Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Barrau Mathilde , Maoui Khawla , Roy Bertrand Le , Roblin Xavier , Mismetti Patrick , Phelip Jean-Marc , WILLIET Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is still controversial data regarding prognostic value of Venous ThromboEmbolism (VTE) in advanced Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) and thromboprophylaxis is poorly prescribed despite international recommendations.MethodsMedical charts of patients consecutively treated for advanced PDAC from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic Factors were identified using a multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard model. Early VTE was defined as VTE occurring within the third months from PDAC diagnosis.ResultsA total of 174 patients were included (median age: 67 years; males: 55.2%; performance status (PS) 0-1: 88.5%) with metastatic disease in 74.7%. At baseline, Khorana score was high (≥3) in the vast majority of cases (93.7%). The cumulative incidences of VTE were 12.4% (95% CI: 7.3-17.2) at 3 months, 20.4% (95% CI: 13.9-26.4) at 6 months and 28.1% (95% CI: 20.0-35.3) at 12 months. Early VTE was associated with shorter PFS (3.8 months vs. 7.1 months; HR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.21-3.37; p=0.006) and shorter OS (8.0 months vs. 14.1 months; HR=2.42; 95%CI: 1.37-4.30; p=0.002) compared to the remnant patients, independently of the other prognostic factors including PS, liver metastases, carcinomatosis, and chemotherapy regimen.ConclusionEarly VTE is a strong prognostic factor in advanced PDAC and occurs in about 1 in 10 patients.
An in-situ Reaction Route to Molecular Level Dispersed Bisimide and ZnO Nanorod Hybrids With Efficient Photo-Induced Charge Transfer
Authors: Lv Chunzheng , He Lirong , Tang Jiahong , Yang Feng , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As an important photoconductive hybrid material, perylene/ZnO has attracted tremendous attention for photovoltaics related applications, but generally faces a great challenge to design molecular level dispersed perylenes/ZnO nanohybrids due to easy phase separation between perylenes and ZnO nanocrystals. In this work, we reported an in-situ reaction method to prepare molecular level dispersed H-aggregates of perylene bisimide/ZnO nanorod hybrids. Surface photovoltage and electric field induced surface photovoltage spectrum show that the photovoltage intensities of nanorod hybrids increased dramatically for 100 times compared with that of pristine perylene bisimide. The enhancement of photovoltage intensities resulting from two aspects: 1) the photo-generated electrons transfer from perylene bisimide to ZnO nanorod due to the electric field formed on the interface of perylene bisimide /ZnO; 2) the H-aggregates of perylene bisimide in ZnO nanorod composites, which is beneficial for photo-generated charge separation and transportation. The introduction of ordered self-assembly T-PTCDI/ZnO nanorod composites induces a significant improvement in incident photo-to-electron conversion efficiency. This work provides a novel mentality to boost photo-induced charge transfer efficiency, which brings new inspiration for the preparation of the highly efficient solar cell.
The Assessment of Risk Factors for Long-term Survival Outcome in ypN0 Patients With Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy and Radical Anterior Resection
Authors: Zeman Marcin , Czarnecki Marek , Chmielik Ewa , Idasiak Adam , Skałba Władysław , Strączyński Mirosław , Paul Piotr J. , Czarniecka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The main negative prognostic factors in patients with rectal cancer after radical treatment include regional lymph node involvement, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, the mucinous component of the tumor and poor differentiation. However, some patients still develop cancer recurrence despite the absence of the above risk factors. The aim of the study was to assess clinicopathological factors influencing long-term oncologic outcomes in ypN0M0 rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and radical anterior rectal resection.Methods: A retrospective survival analysis was performed on a group of 195 patients treated between 2008 and 2016. We assessed clinicopathological factors which included tumor regression grade, number of lymph nodes in the specimen, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL).Results: In the univariate analysis, AL and CCI> 3 had a significant negative impact on disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). After the division of ALs into early and late ALs, it was found that only patients with late ALs had a significantly worse survival. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CCI> 3 was a significant adverse risk factor for DFS (HR:5.78, 95%CI:2.15-15.51, p<0.001), DSS (HR:7.25, 95%CI:2.25-23.39, p<0.001), and OS (HR:3.9, 95%CI:1.72-8.85, p=0.001). Similarly, late ALs had a significant negative impact on the risk of DFS (HR:5.05, 95%CI:1.97-12.93, p<0.001), DSS (HR:10.84, 95%CI:3.44-34.18, p<0.001) and OS (HR:4.3, 95%CI:1.94-9.53, p<0.001).Conclusions: Late AL and CCI> 3 are the factors that may have an impact on long-term oncologic outcomes. The impact of lymph node yield on understaging was not demonstrated.
Wave Behaviors of Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar Model Arising In Optical Fiber Communication Systems with Complex Structure
Authors: Rezazadeh Hadi , Kurt Ali , Tozar Ali , Tasbozan Orkun , Mirhosseini-Alizamini Seyed Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rogue waves are very mysterious and extra ordinary waves. They appear suddenly even in a calm sea and are hard to be predicted. Although nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) provides a perspective, it alone can neither detect rogue waves nor provide a complete solution to problems. Therefore, some approximations are still mandatory for both obtaining an exact solution and predicting rogue waves. Such as Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (KMN) model which allows obtaining lump-soliton solutions considered as rogue waves. In this study the functional variable method is utilized to obtain the analytical solutions of KMN model that corresponds to the propagation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication system.
Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Intracanal Medicament Removal From Root Canals: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jiani , Liu Tingjun , Guo Lihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: XP-Endo finisher (XPF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) are commonly used in intracanal medicament removal. The effectiveness of these two techniques needs to be compared, and evidence-based research should be conducted. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to December 20th, 2020. The outcomes of the included trials were pooled into the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software. Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was applied to assess the risk of bias.Results: Nine articles were included in this systematic review and processed for data extraction, and eight studies were identified for meta-analysis. In general, the use of PUI showed better medicament removal effectiveness than XPF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-4.86; P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, when anatomical areas were focused on the apical third region of the canal, PUI was also significantly more effective than XPF (OR: 3.42; 95% CI, 1.32-8.84; P = 0.01). For trials using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone, PUI was also significantly more effective than XPF on intracanal medicaments removal (OR: 5.23; 95% CI, 2.79-9.82; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between PUI and XPF when NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used in combination (OR: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.74-3.09; P = 0.26). In addition, for studies whose intracanal medicament periods were two weeks, the effectiveness of PUI was statistically better than the XPF (OR: 7.73; 95% CI, 3.71-16.07; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, for trials whose intracanal medicament time was one week or over two weeks, no differences between the XPF and PUI were found (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 0.74-3.22; P = 0.25) (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 0.44-4.61; P = 0.56). Conclusions: PUI might be superior over XPF techniques for removing intracanal medicaments from artificial standardized grooves and cavities in the root canal system. The anatomical areas, irrigation protocol, and intracanal medicaments time may influence the cleaning efficacy. More large-scale and high-quality trials are warranted to validate the conclusions.
Physiological and biochemical changes in tree seedlings in an urban forest soil contaminated with copper
Authors: Siqueira Matheus Casarini , Kanashiro Shoey , Domingos Marisa , Rinaldi Mirian Cilene Spasiani , Tavares Armando Reis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context Soil pollution by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental concern. Owing to their proximity to anthropogenic emission sources, urban forest fragments are highly affected by the excessive input of heavy metals into the soil.Objectives This study aimed to assess the physiological and biochemical responses of two native Brazilian Atlantic Forest Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (pioneer species) and Eugenia uniflora L. (non-pioneer species), when cultivated in soils contaminated with Cu. Methods Plants were cultivated in soils of an urban forest fragment contaminated with 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil. Growth variables, Cu content in plant tissues, translocation index, bioaccumulation factor, pigment contents, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were all measured to assess physiological alterations resulting from copper stress, while the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants were quantified to assess the biochemical responses of the species. Results Both species presented high uptake and accumulation of Cu in roots with low translocation rates to shoots; however, S. terebinthifolia showed higher Cu restriction in roots than E. uniflora. S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora showed distinct responses in growth and leaf gas exchange. The species showed neither difference in enzymatic contents nor oxidative reduction. Conclusion The restriction of copper in roots appears to be the principal protective mechanism against copper phytotoxicity, preventing negative effects on the physiological and biochemical status of the species. S. terebinthifolia shows potential as a Cu phytostabilizer, while the E. uniflora has potential as a Cu phytoextractor.
Antibody response among COVID-19 patient with and without re-detectable positive RT-PCR results in convalescent phases
Authors: Peng Jing , Liu Zhi-Yong , YU Xiaojuan , Chen Xiao-Yan , Zhang Kai , Liu Yi , Su Ying-Ying , Sun Chang Qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the dynamic of total, IgA, IgM and IgG antibody of the confirmed COVID-19 patients during convalescent phases to understand the kinetics of antibody response among recovered patients.Methods: From March 4 to April 29, 2020, a total of 143 recovered COVID-19 patients with clear date of illness onset available were enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal and anal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing. Blood samples were collected for antibodies testing. Results: A total of 275 blood samples up to 96 days after illness onset were collected from 143 recovered patients. High titers of total and IgG antibodies continued to persist for over 3 months, with 100% and 99.3% patients remaining positive for total and IgG antibody. IgM antibody declined rapidly with a median time to seronegative at 67 (95%CI: 59, 75) days after illness onset. Around 25% patients were seronegative for IgA antibody at month 3 after illness onset. No statistical significance difference was founded in the antibody kinetics between patients with and without re-detectable positive RT-PCR results during in convalescent phases. Conclusion: Similar high antibody titers of total and IgG antibody continued to persist for over 3 months among recovered COVID-19 patients with and without re-detectable positive RT-PCR results.