bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Increased Physical Activity During Early Life Affects High‐Fat Diet–Induced Bone Loss in Young Adult Mice
Authors: Chen Jin‐Ran , Lazarenko Oxana P , Carvalho Eugenia , Blackburn Michael L , Shankar Kartik , Wankhade Umesh D , Børsheim Elisabet 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMechanical stresses associated with physical activity (PA) have beneficial effects on increasing BMD and improving bone quality. However, a high‐fat diet (HFD) and obesity tend to have negative effects on bone, by increasing bone marrow adiposity leading to increased excretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate RANKL‐induced bone resorption. In the current study, whether short‐term increased PA via access to voluntary wheel running during early life has persistent and protective effects on HFD‐induced bone resorption was investigated. Sixty 4‐week‐old male C57BL6/J mice were divided into two groups postweaning: without or with PA (access to voluntary running wheel 7–8 km/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks with or without PA, mice were further subdivided into control diet or HFD groups for 8 weeks, and then all animals were switched back to control diet for an additional 4 weeks. Mice from the HFD groups were significantly heavier and obese; however, after 4 weeks of additional control diet their body weights returned to levels of mice on continuous control diet. Using μ‐CT and confirmed by pQCT of tibias and spines ex vivo, it was determined that bone volume and trabecular BMD were significantly increased with PA in control diet animals compared with sedentary animals without access to wheels, and such anabolic effects of PA on bone were sustained after ceasing PA in adult mice. Eight weeks of a HFD deteriorated bone development in mice. Unexpectedly, early‐life PA did not prevent persistent effects of HFD on deteriorating bone quality; in fact, it exacerbated a HFD‐induced inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and trabecular bone loss in adult mice. In accordance with these data, signal transduction studies revealed that a HFD‐induced Ezh2, DNA methyltransferase 3a, and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 1 expression were amplified in nonadherent hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, short‐term increased PA in early life is capable of increasing bone mass; however, it alters the HFD‐induced bone marrow hematopoietic cell‐differentiation program to exacerbate increased bone resorption if PA is halted. © 2021 Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impaired bone microarchitecture and strength in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Zanchetta María Belén , Jerkovich Fernando , Nuñez Selva , Mocarbel Yamile , Pignatta Analía , Elías Natalia , Díaz Adriana Graciela , Roganovich Juan Manuel , Vigovich Carlos , Balonga María Celeste , Cohen Ana Carolina , Mumbach Giselle , Gonzalez Sofía , Plantalech Luisa , Fradinger Erich , Zanchetta José Rubén 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Some studies based on bone biopsy have demonstrated that in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) the mineralization process of the bone matrix is profoundly disturbed. However, the interrelationship between clinical and biochemical features and bone microarchitecture in this disease needs further analysis. With this purpose in mind, we set out three objectives: (i) to determine bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength in a group of patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and finite element analysis (FEA), (ii) to investigate correlations between duration of disease, biochemical features, bone density, HR-pQCT and FEA parameters, and (iii) to compare HR-pQCT and FEA parameters with a healthy control group. Ten patients with TIO were included. All patients had non-resolved disease. At the distal radius, all bone microarchitecture parameters were significantly affected in patients with TIO in comparison with healthy controls. At the distal tibia, all parameters were significantly impaired, except for trabecular thickness. All the parameters were more affected in the distal tibia than in the distal radius. Women with TIO (n = 7) had significantly lower bone strength parameters than healthy controls. In men (n = 3), bone strength parameters were significantly lower than in the control group at the distal tibia. Alkaline phosphatase levels exhibited a negative correlation with microarchitecture parameters, failure load, and stiffness. Higher levels of parathyroid hormone correlated with poorer microarchitecture parameters. We believe that in TIO, hormonal disturbances and the lack of mechanical stimulus specially converge to generate an extremely harmful combination for bone health. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Development and validation of prognostic model to predict mortality among cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding: A retrospective study
Authors: Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Akkarachinores Kuntapon , Chaiprasert Amnart 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAcute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a serious complication associated with high mortality. The aim of our study was to investigate mortality predictors and to develop a new simplified prognostic model among cirrhotic patients with AVB.MethodsA simplified prognostic model was developed using multiple logistic regression after identifying significant predictors of 6‐week mortality.ResultsA total of 713 consecutive patients with AVB were enrolled. The 6‐week overall mortality rate was 18%. Multivariate analysis showed that shock, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, high‐risk stigmata of esophageal varices on endoscopic finding, and Glasgow Blatchford score were independent predictors of mortality. A new logistic model using these variables was developed. This model (cutoff value ≥ 4) area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) was 0.93 and significantly higher than that of MELD score alone (0.74). Two validation analyses showed that the AUROC of our model was consistently high. The 6‐week rebleeding rate was 25.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that MELD score, Glasgow Blatchford score, history of upper GI bleeding, shock, and alcohol use were independent predictors of rebleeding.ConclusionOur new simplified model accurately and consistently predicted 6‐week mortality among patients with AVB using objective variables measured at admission. Patients with higher MELD scores should be closely monitored due to the higher probability of 6‐week rebleeding.
Occurrence of hepatitis in an elderly woman during the treatment of pembrolizumab for right advanced renal pelvis, ureteral cancer, and bladder cancer
Authors: Asatani Shinya , Kanda Tatsuo , Honda Masayuki , Ishii Tomotaka , Yamana Yoichiro , Kaneko Tomohiro , Mizutani Taku , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kumagawa Mariko , Sasaki Reina , Masuzaki Ryota , Kanezawa Shini , Matsumoto Naoki , Nirei Kazushige , Yamagami Hiroaki , Moriyama Mitsuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapeutic agents has been increasing in the treatment for advanced cancer. Here, we report the occurrence of liver failure after the use of pembrolizumab in an 82‐year‐old woman with metastatic liver disease derived from right advanced renal pelvis, ureteral cancer, and bladder cancer. She was successfully treated with 0.6 mg/kg daily prednisolone. In patients treated with ICIs, ICI‐induced hepatitis is occasionally observed. Even if patients are older, it appears important to diagnose and treat ICI‐induced hepatitis earlier by multidisciplinary therapies including steroid treatment. This is a first report of pembrolizumab‐induced liver failure in elder patient with age over 80 years. Even if patients are older, it appears important to diagnose and treat ICI‐induced hepatitis earlier by multidisciplinary therapies including steroid treatment.
Von Willebrand disease type Vicenza: In search of a classification for the archetype of reduced von Willebrand factor survival
Authors: Casonato Alessandra , Galletta Eva , Galvanin Federico , Daidone Viviana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractType Vicenza von Willebrand disease (VWD) features a von Willebrand factor (VWF) with a very short half‐life, and is classified as a form of type 1 VWD. To test the appropriateness of type Vicenza VWD classification, the main features of 17 patients from eight unrelated families were analysed. They had low VWF antigen levels and function (always below 20 U/dl); ristocetin‐induced platelet aggregation sometimes normal, sometimes reduced/absent (even in the same patient); normal platelet VWF levels; an increased VWF propeptide to VWF antigen ratio (8.74 ± 1.65 vs. normal 1.04 ± 0.28) and a reduced VWF half‐life. Plasma VWF multimer levels were homogeneously reduced, and unusually large VWF multimers were sometimes present. Recombinant p.R1205H VWF showed a normal synthesis, release, function, and multimer pattern, with no ultra‐large VWF multimers. The mathematical model by Galvanin et al. was used to explore the kinetic changes in VWF after DDAVP. It showed that the release, but especially the proteolysis (kproteol 1.0−3 ± 2.5−3 vs. normal 4.5−4 ± 6.4−4) and elimination (kel 1.0−2 ± 5.2−3 vs. normal 1.1−3 ± 6.8−4) of type Vicenza VWF were significantly higher than normal. The increased elimination is consistent with the short half‐life, while the increased proteolysis was unexpected. As a shorter survival of VWF is wholly responsible for the type Vicenza VWD phenotype (VWF synthesis, structure and function are normal), it might be better to classify it as a type 2 VWD (rather than type 1) to emphasise the greater interaction with clearance receptors as a new VWF functional defect.
Detection and quantification of small concentrations of moxifloxacin using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in a Kretschmann configuration
Authors: Mohaghegh Faezeh , Mazaheri Tehrani Alireza , Rana Debkumar , Winterhalter Mathias , Materny Arnulf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA relatively simple experimental procedure is proposed for the simultaneous detection and quantitative assessment of moxifloxacin (Moxi) as an example for an antibiotic using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) performed in a Kretschmann configuration (KC). The example of Moxi shows the advantage of this approach, such as high sensitivity and relatively simple experimental procedure. The Moxi was reliably detected at levels of 100 nM using excitation laser powers as low as a few milliwatts. We also demonstrate that in the KC, the direct coupling between the electronic systems of analyte molecules and metal substrate contributing to the chemical enhancement mechanism in SERS plays a major role. For this, we have performed simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). The line profile of the SERS spectra can be explained by the direct coupling of molecular sites to the metal. This adds to the molecular specificity of SERS when using the KC.
Hydrology controls the carbon mass balance of a mountain lake in the eastern European Alps
Authors: Ejarque Elisabet , Scholz Katharina , Wohlfahrt Georg , Battin Tom J. , Kainz Martin J. , Schelker Jakob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLakes and streams in mountain regions are important contributors to carbon (C) fluxes. However, detailed carbon balances of the stream‐lake continuum are rare. Combining eddy covariance (EC) measurements of lake‐atmosphere net ecosystem CO2 exchange with measurements of fluvial C fluxes (dissolved organic C, DOC; particulate organic C, POC; dissolved inorganic C, DIC), and in‐lake sedimentation, we here present a detailed annual C balance of an oligotrophic clearwater lake in the eastern European Alps. The C flux into the lake was 1522 Mg C year−1 by DIC (93%), DOC (6%), and POC (0.7%). The largest C losses were fluvial exports (1595 Mg C year−1) of DIC (93%), DOC (6%), and POC (0.8%), while sedimentation accounted for 7.3 Mg C year−1. The residual of all fluvial and sedimentation fluxes revealed the lake as a net sink of atmospheric CO2 of 77 Mg C year−1. The EC measurement confirmed a small positive or negative contribution of atmospheric exchange to the lake C balance. In‐lake transfer among C pools was only significant for the flux from DIC to POC (8.4 Mg C year−1), which, following our model, is the transfer through primary production in summer. Fluvial DOC and DIC fluxes were controlled by discharge; POC retention and sedimentation depended on the meteorological season and in‐lake residence time. Following our findings, we conclude that hydrology acted as the most important control for the C balance of this clearwater mountain lake by controlling inflow, outflow, and sedimentation fluxes.
Methanogenesis exceeds CH4 consumption in eutrophic lake sediments
Authors: D'Ambrosio Sofia L. , Harrison John A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLakes and reservoirs collectively contribute significant amounts of methane (CH4) to the global atmosphere. If CH4 production were not at least partially balanced by consumption (oxidation) in most of these systems, they could potentially emit an order of magnitude or more CH4. The impacts of environmental drivers such as trophic status, temperature, and latitude on CH4 production, CH4 oxidation, and the balance of the two processes influence current and future patterns of freshwater CH4 emissions. Using CH4 production and oxidation rates measured with a common methodology (incubations) from over 60 different lakes and reservoirs, we provide novel evidence for lower sediment CH4 oxidation efficiency at high sediment CH4 production rates. We also show a strong positive correlation between sediment CH4 production and lake trophic status. Our results suggest that less efficient CH4 consumption at high CH4 production rates could help explain greater surface emissions often observed in eutrophic lakes globally.
2D MoS2 Nanosheet‐Based Polyimide Nanocomposite with High Energy Density for High Temperature Capacitor Applications
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Zhang Jinxi , Zhang Shuangzhe , Ren Kailiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the development of electrical vehicles and power electronics, the demand for high‐temperature energy storage capacitors with high energy density has grown rapidly. In this investigation, 2D MoS2 nanosheets are coated with a thin layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) and then mixed with polyimide (PI) solution to fabricate nanocomposites. The dielectric constant of MoS2‐g‐PMMA/PI (MPP‐3%) reaches 4.2, which is 20% higher than that of a pristine PI film. The energy density of the MPP‐3% nanocomposite reaches 8.6 J cm−3, which is 40% higher than the highest energy density of a pristine PI film. In addition, the electric breakdown field of the MPP‐3% composite is 50% higher than that of the MoS2/PI nanocomposite without a surface coating. Furthermore, it is found that the highest energy density of MoS2‐g‐PMMA/PI reaches 3.92 J cm−3, which is 47.9% higher than that of the PI film at 150 °C. The charge–discharge efficiency of the nanocomposite film reaches 61.7% at 150 °C. This result is much higher than the previously reported research results for high‐temperature capacitor applications. The MoS2‐g‐PMMA/PI‐based nanocomposite shows great promise for use in high‐temperature capacitor applications.
Negative‐mode mass spectrometry in the analysis of invertebrate, fungal, and protist N‐glycans
Authors: Hykollari Alba , Paschinger Katharina , Wilson Iain B. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe approaches for analysis of N‐glycans have radically altered in the last 20 years or so. Due to increased sensitivity, mass spectrometry has become the predominant method in modern glycomics. Here, we summarize recent studies showing that the improved resolution and detection by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has contributed greatly to the discovery of a large range of anionic and zwitterionic N‐glycan structures across the different kingdoms of life, whereby MALDI‐TOF MS in negative mode is less widely performed than in positive mode. However, its use enables the detection of key fragments indicative of certain sugar modifications such as sulfate, (methyl) phosphate, phosphoethanolamine, (methyl)aminoethylphosphonate, glucuronic, and sialic acid, thereby enabling certain isobaric glycan variations to be distinguished. As we also discuss in this review, complementary approaches such as negative‐mode electrospray ionization‐MS/MS, Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, and ion mobility MS yield, respectively, cross‐linkage fragments, high accuracy masses, and isomeric information, thus adding other components to complete the jigsaw puzzle when defining unusual glycan modifications from lower organisms.
Regional Brain and Spinal Cord Volume Loss in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Faber Jennifer , Schaprian Tamara , Berkan Koyak , Reetz Kathrin , França Marcondes Cavalcante , de Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro , Hong Jiang , Liao Weihua , van de Warrenburg Bart , van Gaalen Judith , Durr Alexandra , Mochel Fanny , Giunti Paola , Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Schoels Ludger , Hengel Holger , Synofzik Matthis , Bender Benjamin , Oz Gulin , Joers James , de Vries Jereon J. , Kang Jun‐Suk , Timmann‐Braun Dagmar , Jacobi Heike , Infante Jon , Joules Richard , Romanzetti Sandro , Diedrichsen Jorn , Schmid Matthias , Wolz Robin , Klockgether Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGiven that new therapeutic options for spinocerebellar ataxias are on the horizon, there is a need for markers that reflect disease‐related alterations, in particular, in the preataxic stage, in which clinical scales are lacking sensitivity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify regional brain volumes and upper cervical spinal cord areas in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 in vivo across the entire time course of the disease.MethodsWe applied a brain segmentation approach that included a lobular subsegmentation of the cerebellum to magnetic resonance images of 210 ataxic and 48 preataxic spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 mutation carriers and 63 healthy controls. In addition, cervical cord cross‐sectional areas were determined at 2 levels.ResultsThe metrics of cervical spinal cord segments C3 and C2, medulla oblongata, pons, and pallidum, and the cerebellar anterior lobe were reduced in preataxic mutation carriers compared with controls. Those of cervical spinal cord segments C2 and C3, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellar lobules crus II and X, cerebellar white matter, and pallidum were reduced in ataxic compared with nonataxic carriers. Of all metrics studied, pontine volume showed the steepest decline across the disease course. It covaried with ataxia severity, CAG repeat length, and age. The multivariate model derived from this analysis explained 46.33% of the variance of pontine volume.ConclusionRegional brain and spinal cord tissue loss in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 starts before ataxia onset. Pontine volume appears to be the most promising imaging biomarker candidate for interventional trials that aim at slowing the progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Genetic testing results of children suspected to have Stickler syndrome type collagenopathy after ocular examination
Authors: Khan Arif O. , AlAbdi Lama , Patel Nisha , Helaby Rana , Hashem Mais , Abdulwahab Firdous , AlBadr Fahad B. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeStickler syndrome is a collagenopathy that is typically COL2A1‐related (autosomal dominant) and less commonly related to other collagen gene mutations. Diagnosis is straightforward when a child has myopia or retinal detachment in the setting of classic diagnostic criteria such as hearing impairment, midfacial hypoplasia, and arthropathy. However, some children have primarily ocular disease with mild or no extraocular features. Such children can remain undiagnosed unless suspicion is raised by the ophthalmologist.MethodsRetrospective consecutive case series (2014–2016) of children (<12 years old) suspected to have Stickler syndrome type collagenopathy by a single ophthalmologist and able to complete genetic testing for this possibility. Suspicion was based on vitreous abnormalities and myopia or lens opacities in the setting of prior retinal detachment, hearing impairment, or facial flatness.ResultsAverage age of the 12 identified children was 8 years old (range 3–11; five boys). Average spherical equivalent for phakic eyes was −13 (range −3.5 to −30). Nine children had lens opacities or aphakia; two with aphakia also had lens subluxation or iridodonesis. Other recurrent clinical features included flat facies (12/12), hearing impairment (5/12), and prior retinal detachment (4/12). Pathogenic variants for collagenopathy were uncovered in 10/12 children: COL11A1 (heterozygous) in six, COL2A1 (heterozygous) in two, and COL9A1 (homozygous) in two. One child was homozygous for pathogenic variation in LRPAP1. One child had no detectable gene mutations.ConclusionsTaken together, these clinical features (particularly vitreous abnormality, myopia, and lens opacity) had a high molecular yield for collagen gene mutation. Ophthalmologists who see such children should suspect Stickler syndrome, even in the absence of overt systemic disease. COL11A1‐related rather than COL2A1‐related autosomal dominant disease may be more common when undiagnosed children are identified based on ocular examination. Biallelic mutations in LRPAP1 can result in a phenotype that may resemble Stickler syndrome.
Animal experimental research assessing urogynecologic surgical mesh implants: Outcome measures describing the host response, a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Verhorstert Kim W. J. , Gudde Aksel N. , Kortz Brita S. , Limpens Jacqueline , Roovers Jan‐Paul W. R. , Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Guler Zeliha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimBefore the introduction of new biomaterials for prolapse surgery, animal studies on the host response are required. Unfortunately, large variation in study design hampers obtaining an overview of the safety and efficacy, and translation to clinical practice. Our aim is to systematically review the literature on all outcome measures describing the host response in animal studies assessing the biocompatibility of urogynecologic surgical mesh implants for prolapse surgery. Furthermore, by meta‐analysis, we aim to assess the effect of implantation and compare this to control animals receiving sham surgery or native tissue repair.MethodsWe performed a systematic search from inception to August 2020. Since this is an explorative study we included original, controlled, and noncontrolled animal studies describing any host response to the implant. Quantitative outcome measures reported ≥10 times in ≥2 articles were eligible for meta‐analysis.ResultsFifty articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 36 articles were eligible for meta‐analysis. In total, 154 outcome measures were defined and classified into (1) histomorphology, (2) biomechanics and, (3) macroscopic morphology. Animals with vaginal implants demonstrated significantly increased M1 and M2 macrophages, MMP‐2, neovascularization, TNF‐α, and stiffness, and lower vaginal contractility compared to control animals.ConclusionThe host response significantly differs in animals after vaginal mesh implantation compared to control animals, both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory. However, we observed a paucity in the uniformity of reported outcomes. For future animal studies, we propose the development of a core outcome set, which ideally predicts the host response in women.