bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Conversion System based on Photovoltaic-Battery-Ultra Capacitor-Diesel Sources for a Mobile Hospital
Authors: Zizoui Mohamed Zine , tabbache bekheira , Zia Muhammad Fahad , Benbouzid Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the energy management of a hybrid system composed of PV, Battery,ultracapacitor and diesel synchronous generators for a mobile hospital. The proposed power system can supply energy to Shelter Hospital for better treatment of patients in remote states, particularly in the event of a pandemic situation such as COVID-19. For this reason, a hybrid power system in which a diesel generator is used with a photovoltaic energy source for reliable availability of power supply. Moreover, batteries and ultra-capacitors are also integrated to obtain a hybrid power generation and storage system to ensure the smooth operation of mobile hospital weather conditions. Photovoltaic panels are connected to a boost converter to follow maximum power tracking (MPPT) and Power curtailment modes. The battery is connected to a bidirectional reversible DC-DC converter for DC bus voltage regulation and state of charge (SOC) control. The ultra-capacitor is associated with the battery to compensate for the peak power. The diesel generator is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic generator, battery, and ultra-capacitor to continuously provide the power required by the load. The integrated operation of all the generation and storage systems is complex for shelter hospital. Hence; an efficient energy management algorithm is developed to manage the continuous energy flow between the elements of the hybrid power system and mobile hospital load through the control of the power converters. Finally, validation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management of the hybrid power system.
Ultra-chaos: an insurmountable objective obstacle of reproducibility and replicability
Authors: LIAO Shijun , Qin Shijie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is crucial for scientific progress to be able to replicate scientific findings [1-4], because scientific claims should gain credence due to the reproducibility and replicability of their main supporting evidences. However, according to Nature’s survey of 1,576 researchers, more than 70% of the surveyed failed to reproduce another scientist’s experiments, and more than half agreed that there exists a significant “crisis of reproducibility” [2]. Here we reveal a new classification of chaos: normal-chaos and ultra-chaos. Unlike a normal-chaos, statistics of an ultra-chaos are sensitive to small disturbances. Some illustrative examples of ultra-chaos are given here. It is found that statistical non-reproducibility is indeed an inherent property of an ultra-chaos that is at a higher-level of disorder than a normal-chaos. It is impossible in practice to replicate experimental/numerical results of an ultra-chaos even in statistical meanings, since random environmental noises always exist and are out of control. Thus, ultra-chaos is indeed an insurmountable objective obstacle of reproducibility and replicability. Similar to Goedel’s incompleteness theorem, such kind of “incompleteness of reproducibility” reveals a limitation of scientific researches. It opens a new door and possibility to study reproducibility crisis, statistical significance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), chaos theory, turbulence theory, and so on.
A Novel Four-port-sharing Approach for Concomitant Cholecystectomy With Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Hsu Fang-Chin , Hsu Hai-Ning , Pan Hsin-Mei , Hung Wan-Ting , Liao Guo-Shiou , Chen Teng-Wei , Chan De-Chuan , Hsu Kuo-Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGallbladder disease is very common in obese patients. Concomitant cholecystectomy with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (CC-LSG) may be necessary in such cases, and it has been proven safe when indicated. Herein, we developed a novel four-port-sharing technique for CC-LSG that can substitute the conventional trocar placement (6–7 ports).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and March 2021 using a prospective database. Out of 159 patients who underwent LSG, 10 also received CC-LSG. The patients’ demographic characteristics, intraoperative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes were examined.ResultsOf a total of 159 patients, 18 had cholelithiasis (11.3%). Eight symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic patients (6 men and 4 women) with cholelithiasis underwent CC-LSG. No postoperative complications, including hemorrhage, bile leakage, staple leakage, incisional hernia, and wound infection, were noted.ConclusionsIn CC-LSG, the application of a four-port-sharing technique is safe and feasible, and it provides satisfying cosmetic outcomes for obese patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
Perceived Use of Health Care Service: Barriers to Access Prehospital Care in Jimma City, Oromia Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Ibro Shemsedin Amme , Matthew Lippi , Shemsi Sheka Shemsi , Akuma Adugna Olani , Haso Tura Koshe , Ahmed Abdulwahid Awol , Simbiro Esmael Ahmed , Moga Tolasa Takele , Ahmed Muktar Beshir , Hebo Habtamu Jarso , Waga Sultan Suleman , Melkamu Gemechis , Reta Ebrahim Yimam , Chala Shimelis Legesse , Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: African nations experience a significant proportion of the global burden of death and disability. The provision of prehospital emergency care has been shown to partially reduce excess morbidity and mortality. However, access to prehospital care in Africa is still limited. This study sought to identify barriers to access prehospital care in the city of Jimma, Ethiopia.Methods: This is an interview-based qualitative study of key prehospital stakeholders in Jimma, conducted in February 2018. A purposive sample of individuals from the community and local ambulance organizations was selected for interviews. Interviews were conducted in local languages, translated into English, and then coded for consistent themes. Results: All respondents felt that prehospital care was difficult to access and therefore infrequently utilized. This was due to a combination of a limited number of ambulances, the lack of a toll-free emergency number, the lack of a single organized EMS system, a lack of uniform prehospital care protocols, inconsistent and limited training of ambulance crews, public mistrust of the existing system, poor road infrastructure, and limited public understanding of the role of prehospital care. Respondents suggested that establishment of a formalized prehospital care system, investment in infrastructure, establishment of a toll-free emergency number, public awareness campaigns, and more widely available emergency medical training were feasible solutions to these current barriers to access.Conclusion: Multiple barriers to accessing prehospital care were identified in Jimma. Establishing a formalized, well-resourced prehospital system in parallel with improving community capacity and knowledge building were suggested solutions to improve access. Hence, interventions to improve prehospital emergency care delivery should ideally target these identified barriers and proposed solutions.
COVID-19 Causes Changes in Photoplethysmography
Authors: Peck Jacquelin , Wishon Michael , Wittels Harrison , Hasty Frederick , Hendricks Stephanie , Lee Stephen , Wittels S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is the science behind many commonly used medical devices such as the pulse oximeter. PPG dropouts have been described in existing in vitro studies following artificially induced clot activation. Because COVID-19 causes increased arterial, venous and microvascular clot formation, our hypothesis is that PPG dropout identified in vitro can also be found in vivo in patients with COVID-19. To test this hypothesis, we prospectively collected PPG recordings and d-dimer levels for 197 ICU patients with COVID-19 and compared them with the PPG tracings from 300 non-COVID controls.Results demonstrated significant differences in rates of PPG dropout between patients with COVID-19 vs non-COVID controls. The median PPG dropout rate was 0.58 for COVID-19 patients (median 0.58, IQR 0.42-0.72, p<0.05) as opposed to a median 0.0 for non-COVID patients (median 0.0, IQR 0.0-0.0, p<0.05). Further, at least one incidence of PPG dropout was detected in 100% of COVID-19 patients, as opposed to 2.3% of non-COVID controls (p<0.05).PPG dropout also correlated closely with normalized serum d-dimer levels taken on the same day. D-dimer is an established biomarker used for COVID-19 disease severity and prognosis. The change in normalized d-dimer was plotted against the change in PPG dropout and a line of best fit was created. Linear regression resulted in R2 = 0.919 (p < 0.05), indicating that PPG dropout rate correlates with hemorheological changes in COVID-19 patients.The difference in the median and IQR PPG dropout values for patients with vs. without COVID-19 and the strong correlation with serum d-dimer shows the potential utility of such a metric for identifying individuals with acute hemorheological abnormalities associated with COVID-19.
Probiotics in Vegetable Juices : Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum), Carrot(Daucus Carota, Subsp. Sativus) and Beetroot Juice (Beta Vulgaris)
Authors: Goderska Kamila , Dombhare Kanan , Radziejewska-Kubzdela Elżbieta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Twenty first century has witnessed a significant rise in the awareness regarding healthy lifestyle among the consumers and food being the important step towards a healthy life, numerous health promoting food products have gained prominent place in the food market. One such food component which is proven to have impressive health benefit is the probiotic bacteria. Probiotics are known to human kind since ages as they are important component in fermented milk products, however the use of probiotics in non-dairy product is a novel method for the delivery of probiotics. Awareness regarding health benefits of dairy products is long known to consumers but non dairy products too have good amount of micro and macronutrients and antioxidants as well which are a boon to human body. Delivery of probiotics through non-dairy products will be beneficial for consumers who are lactose intolerant who are deprived of benefits of probiotics by dairy products. This studies aim at developing novel vegetable juices containing probiotic bacteria. Three different strains of bacteria will be used i.e. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii in carrot, beetroot and tomato juice. The viability of the bacteria will be checked after a specific duration of time of fermentation by Koch’s plate count method. The vegetable used for juices (carrot, beetroot, tomato) consist of high amount of antioxidants like carotenoids in carrot, betaxanthins and betacyanins in beetroot, lycopene in tomato. These antioxidant provide numerous health benefits to human body. The antioxidant activity in the juices will be checked before and after fermentation by HPLC and spectroscopic methods. This product will be especially useful for the people who are lactose intolerant who cannot intake probiotics via milk and milk products. Vegetable juices also have almost zero fat content and high in fiber so the people who are on a fat free diet can consume this product.
Assessment of Level of Compliance with the Use of Condom Among HIV Infected Couples in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Authors: Danboyi Daniel Abba , Sani Nura Muhammad , Danjuma Lawal , Abdullahi Mas'ud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of condom is key in the global fight against HIV and AIDS, this helps to reduce the rate of infection and disease burden in the general Population. This underscores the need to intermittently study or assess level of compliance with the use of condom as a preventive measure. Methods: The research was conducted to assess the level of compliance on condom use among HIV- infected discordant couples in Kaduna State Nigeria. The study was conducted in Antiretroviral (ART) treatment centers of 9 LGAs of the 23 LGAs in Kaduna State Nigeria. A total of 158 couples or 317 individuals were recruited for the study. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, the use of condom and practice of unprotected sex. Discussion: The results obtained in the study shows that majority of the respondents 225(71%) were Christians, and majority 224(70.7%) were unemployed. Most of the respondents 230(72.6%) never used condom while 87(27.4%) used condom. The study also revealed that Educational status of respondents had strong association to their perceived attitude towards use of condom during sex (p- value 0.009) while attitude towards practice of unprotected sex was statistically insignificant (p-value 0.404). There is need to improve on educational coverage for the entire population in order to mitigate the scourge of HIV transmission.
Role of Zingiber Officinale Essential Oil- Chitosan Based Biopolymer Film For Bioactive Packaging
Authors: Al-Hilifi Sawsan A. , Al-Ali Rawdah M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recent interest in bio-packing at field of food become trending in the development of antimicrobial coatings. The focus of this study was to assess the potential application of zingiber officinale essential oil (GEO) in chitosan films (CHf). The data indicated that there were significant differences(p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the samples.Forty-seven active compounds of the essential oil were identified from the rhizomes of ginger, which were identified byGC-MS. Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed that an interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds of the essential oil and the amide groups of polymer matrix. As shown the appearance of peaks at wavenumbers 1639cm-1 and 1558cm-1 Furthermore, X-ray diffraction results suggested a lower crystallintiyin CHf due to GEO effect. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that CHf possessed high thermal stability, especially when different concentrations of GEO added. The bioactive CHf showed distinct activity against both positive and negative gram bacteria. They are Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtillis, Streptococcus Sp. Escherichia coli, Salmonella Sp. Pseudomonas erugiosa. This results provides a comprehensive insight on the importance of films incorporated with EOs of interest in food packaging.
Single-Photon-Induced Post-Ionization to Boost Ion Yields in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Bookmeyer Christoph , Röhling Ulrich , Dreisewerd Klaus , Soltwisch Jens 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a rapidly growing method in many fields of the life sciences. For many analyte classes, however, its sensitivity is limited due to poor ionization efficiencies. To mitigate this problem, we here introduce a novel and cost-effective postionization scheme at high repetition rates based on the interplay of single-photon photoionization and subsequent charge transfer reactions. Importantly, the fine vacuum conditions of a dual ion-funnel ion source effectively thermalize the evolving MALDI plume and enable ample gas-phase reactions as well as the addition of chemical dopants that crucially support chemical ionization. Supported by acetone dopant, [M + H]+/[M-H]− signals of numerous glycerophospho-, sphingo-, and further lipids, registered from mammal brain and kidney sections, were boosted by up to three orders of magnitude, similar to results obtained with laser-based postionization (MALDI-2). Experiments utilizing deuterated matrix and dopant, however, indicate complex ionization pathways different from MALDI2.
Efficient Lactic Acid Production from Dilute Acid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass by a Synthetic Consortia of Engineered Pseudomonas Putida and Bacillus Coagulans
Authors: Zou Lihua , Ouyang Shuiping , Hu Yueli , Zheng Zhaojuan , Ouyang Jia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based feedstock for the production a range of biochemicals, and a pretreatment is generally regarded to be indispensable for its bio-refinery. Nevertheless, various inhibitors that severely hindered the growth and fermentation of microorganisms were produced inevitably during the pretreatment of lignocellulose. Presently, a single microorganism that can tolerate toxic mixtures of pretreatment hydrolysate while effectively transforming sugar components into valuable compound is less well reported. Alternatively, microbial co-culture provides a simpler and more efficacious way to realize this goal via distributing metabolic tasks among proper strains.
Results

In this study, a novel synthetic microbial consortia, which is composed of a responsible for detoxification bacterium engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and a lactic acid production specialist Bacillus coagulans NL01, was developed to directly produce lactic acid from high-toxic lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The engineered P. putida with deletion of sugar metabolism pathway was suggested to be unable to consume the major fermentable sugars of lignocellulosic hydrolysate, but can rapidly remove inhibitors in hydrolysate. With detoxification using engineered P. putida for 24 h, the pretreated hydrolysate was fermented into 35.8 g/L of lactic acid by B. coagulans with a yield of 90%. The fermentation performance of microbial co-culture was significantly improved than that single culture of B. coagulans without lactic acid production.
Conclusions

The microbial coculture system constructed by this study demonstrated strong potential of the process for biosynthesis of valuable product from lignocellulosic hydrolysate containing high concentration of complex inhibitors by specifically recruited consortia of robust microorganisms with desirable characteristics and also provided a feasible and attractive method for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to other value-added biochemicals.
Bee Propolis, Bee Bread, and Royal Jelly: Proximate Analysis, Fatty Acid Composition, Nutritional Quality, and Anti-Amylase Activity
Authors: Fallah Masoomeh , Najafi Fatemeh , Kavoosi Gholamreza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work explores the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, nutritional quality, and anti-amylase activity of propolis, royal jelly, and bee bread. The differential FTIR patterns of propolis, royal jelly, and bee bread reflect these products have different proximate compositions and nutritional properties. The values for carbohydrate, fat, and protein values of be products are similar to egg and soya. The primary fatty acids bee bread and bee propolis are palmitic, linolenic, oleic, linoleic, myristic, and docosanoic acids. The primary fatty acids in royal jelly are 2-dodecenedioic, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic, decanedioic, linoleic, 10-hydroxydecanoic acid 3-hydroxy-decanoic acids, respectively. The propolis, bee bread, and royal jelly have well-balanced saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. Their nutritional quality, including omega-6/omega-3, thrombogenicity, atherogenicity, hypocholesterolemic, nutritional value, and peroxidizability indexes, are similar to egg and soya. Fatty acids inhibit amylase by increasing Km/Vmax and decreasing Vmax and Km through an un-competition or non-competition strategy. Molecular docking, ultraviolet absorption, and fluorescence quenching analysis reveal that fatty acids interact with amino acid residues of amylase through Van der Waals and hydrogen bonds interactions. Functional fatty acids from bee products can be used in a number of food supplements, food ingredients, and medications to provide carbohydrate-degrading enzymes.
Global landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, public availability extent of genomic data, and epidemic shaped by variants
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Chen Zhiyuan , Azman Andrew , Chen Xinhua , Zou Junyi , Tian Yuyang , Sun Ruijia , Xu Xiangyanyu , Wu Yani , Lu Wanying , Ge Shijia , Zhao Zeyao , Yang Juan , Leung Daniel , Domman Daryl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Genomic surveillance has shaped our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variants, which have proliferated globally in 2021.We collected country-specific data on SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, sequencing capabilities, public genomic data from multiple public repositories, and aggregated publicly available variant data. Then, different proxies were used to estimate the sequencing coverage and public availability extent of genomic data, in addition to describing the global dissemination of variants. We found that the COVID-19 global epidemic clearly featured increasing circulation of Alpha since the start of 2021, which was rapidly replaced by the Delta variant starting around May 2021. SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and sequencing availability varied markedly across countries, with 63 countries performing routine genomic surveillance and 79 countries with high availability of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. We also observed a marked heterogeneity of sequenced coverage across regions and countries. Across different variants, 21-46% of countries with explicit reporting on variants shared less than half of their variant sequences in public repositories. Our findings indicated an urgent need to expand sequencing capacity of virus isolates, enhance the sharing of sequences, the standardization of metadata files, and supportive networks for countries with no sequencing capability.
Simulation Research on 40t/d Counter-flow Rotary Kiln Incineration System
Authors: Yang Shiqiao , Kong Qingfeng , Zeng Dewang , Wu Shiliang , Gong Feng , Xiao Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a counter-flow rotary kiln incineration system with a processing capacity of 40 t/d of an environmental protection company in Jiangsu Province was used as the research object, and the mixed pyrolysis model and computational fluid dynamics（CFD）model of the counter-flow rotary kiln incineration system were established using Aspen plus and Fluent software. The influence of the operating temperature of the rotary kiln, the heating value of solid waste, the operating load of the rotary kiln, and the primary air volume and primary air speed on the operating effect of the rotary kiln were explored. Operating temperature, primary air volume and wind speed can all have a greater impact on the incineration performance of the counterflow rotary kiln. When the operating temperature of the counter-flow rotary kiln is greater than 800 o C, the hazardous waste heat value is not less than 1500 kcal/kg, and the primary wind speed is 1.5 m/s, the operating effect of the counter-flow rotary kiln incineration system is the best. The simulation results can provide theoretical guidance for the design and optimal operation of the counterflow rotary kiln incineration system.