bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Differences in Males and Females during Similar Physiological Work
Authors: Trujillo Elizabeth , Rascon Jozelyn , Maddox Jessica , Morales‐Acuna Francisco J , Gurovich Alvaro N 
Published: June 2021

Physiological work refers to the amount of energy that is expended during exercise and it is related to exercise intensity. In general, exercise intensity assessment includes heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), power output (PO), oxygen consumption (VO2), and blood lactate (BL) levels. These measurements are used for both males and females to evaluate exercise intensity despite their physiological differences. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences between sexes in different exercise intensity models when using the same physiological work. Thirty young, healthy individuals (15 males) were recruited with ages ranging from 19 to 33 y. The individuals were scheduled for two (2) lab visits within 48–72 hours of each other. A graded exercise test (GXT) on a stationary bike was conducted during the first visit. At the end of each stage, the RPE, PO, VO2, and BL were taken. After the GXT was completed, peak PO and VO2max were recorded. BL during the GXT was used to determine 3 5‐min steady‐state workloads (low: 0–2 mmol/l; medium: 2–4 mmol/l; and high: >4 mmol/l) as physiological work for the second test. The measures obtained at the end of each steady‐state physiological workload were HR, %HRmax (HR/(220‐age)), RPE, PO, %POmax, VO2, %VO2max, and BL. A two‐way repeated measurements ANOVA was performed to compare all exercise intensity variables obtained during the second test between males and females (α=0.05). Females had higher HR and %HR than males in all 3 physiological workloads (116±14 vs. 97±14 bpm and 68.7±7.5 vs. 59.4±8.8%, 143±16 vs. 128±20 bpm and 84.9±6.2 vs. 75.4±6.7%, and 164±16 vs. 149±17 bpm and 97.0±3.7 vs. 91.1±7.3%, respectively, all p<0.05). Interestingly, females had a higher %VO2max only during the lower physiological workload (554.±9.8 vs. 45.6±8.4%, p<0.05). Throughout the stages of Low (0–2mmol/l), Medium (2–4mmol/l), and High (>4mmol/l) physiological workloads %PO, RPE, and BL did not differ between sexes. Unlike previous reports, our study found that RPE was similar for both sexes within the same %PO. Our data demonstrates that HR and %HR should not be used interchangeable in males and females, especially when physiological work rate is the critical factor for increased performance.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
High Intensity Training Impacts on Prostate Cancer Induced Cardiac Atrophy in a Pre‐Clinical Model
Authors: Baumfalk Dryden Ray , Opoku‐Acheampong Alexander , Caldwell Jacob , Ade Carl , Musch Timothy , Behnke Bradley 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests prostate cancer independent of treatment has atrophic effects on whole heart and left ventricular (LV) mass which are associated with reduced endurance exercise capacity. In conjunction, preliminary evidence has shown that moderate exercise training mitigated cardiac mass loss in prostate tumor‐bearing rats. Using a pre‐clinical orthotopic model of prostate cancer, we tested the hypothesis that high intensity training could prevent the associated cardiac atrophy seen in prostate cancer. We also investigated whether high intensity training would attenuate any detriments seen in LV function with prostate cancer.MethodsDunning R‐3327 AT‐1 prostate cancer cells (1×105) were cultured and harvested for injection in 0.1ml of physiological saline solution in the ventral lobe of 5–6‐month‐old male Copenhagen rats (n=24). These animals were randomized into 2 groups, Tumor Bearing Exercise (TBEX, n=15) or Tumor Bearing Sedentary (TBS, n=8). After 5 days of recovery, TBEX animals began exercise on a treadmill at 25m/min with a 15° incline for 45–60 min/day based on tolerance for 18±2 days. Pre‐surgery (Pre), and post exercise training (Post) animals underwent echocardiographic evaluation using the parasternal short axis view to examine ventricle dimensions via a commercially available system (Vivid S6, GE Health Care).ResultsThere were no significant differences in tumor mass between groups (TBEX 3.4±0.7g, TBS 2.9±0.6g p=0.31), or body weights (TBEX 317±5g, TBS 333±7g p=0.20). Heart to body mass ratio was lower in SEDTB group compared to EXTB (2.3±0.1mg/g, 2.5±0.1mg/g, p=0.04). LV to body mass ratio was also lower in the SEDTB group (1.64±0.1mg/g, 1.81±0.1mg/g, p=0.04). There were no significant differences for Pre‐measures of LV function between groups. From Pre‐Post EXTB had significant increases in SV (0.64±0.04ml, 0.76±0.05ml, p=0.03) while SEDTB had no significant difference (0.68±0.03ml, 0.69±0.03ml, p=0.96).ConclusionThis study suggests that high‐intensity exercise can improve LV function and increase LV mass, versus sedentary counterparts, with prostate cancer. Given cardiac dysfunction often manifests with conventional anti‐cancer treatments, a short‐term high‐intensity training program, prior to treatment, may improve patient outcome.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Cancer Society (RSG‐14‐150‐01‐CCE)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Cognitive and Vascular effects of Exercise in patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pedrinolla Anna , Fonte Cristina , Smania Nicola , Schena Federico , Venturelli Massimo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectTo investigate exercise‐induced effect on cognitive and vascular functions in people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and compare it with the standard cognitive therapy.MethodsFifty‐five people with AD (77.6±6.2 years; 23.5±4.8 MMSE) were recruited and randomly assigned to Cognitive Treatment (CT, n=23) or Exercise Treatment (ET, n=22). All subjects performed 72 treatment sessions lasting 90 minutes, 3 times a week. ET included: moderate to high intensity aerobic and strength training. CT included multi‐modal stimuli (visual, verbal, auditive). Before (T0) and after (T1) the 6‐month treatment global cognitive function was measured by means of Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Vascular function was measured by means of Flow‐Mediated Dilation (FMD, %) and Passive‐Limb movement (PLM, calculating the variation in blood flow: ΔPeak; and Area Under the Curve: AUC) tests. A blood sample was also taken and analyzed for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)ResultsMMSE did not change after CT nor ET and post‐treatment between‐groups (BG) difference (Diff. of means) were not found. CT group did not exhibit any change in vascular function while ET group significantly increased FMD% (3.64, p=0.003; BG Diff. of means: 4.615, p<0.001), Δpeak (135.88, p=0.004; BG Diff. of means: 160.46, p<0.001) and AUC (38.16, p=0.050; BG Diff. of means: 62.36, p=0.002). VEGF increased significantly in ET group only (8.97, p=0.047; BG Diff. of means: 12.7, p=0.004).ConclusionResults from this study show that both, standard cognitive therapy and exercise help in preserving cognitive function in people with AD. However, only exercise seems to offer the appropriate stimuli to improve also vascular function in this population. Importantly, exercise has a polyhedral and multi‐situ action since the whole organism, brain included, must respond adaptatively when activated during exercise. Most of the exercise‐induced responses include upregulation of growth factors at muscular, vascular and cerebral level as well.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by PRIN 2010KL2Y73This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effects of Chronic Electrical Stimulation Evaluation Functional and Electrical Properties of Muscle in a Small Group of Patients with Congenital Muscle Disorders
Authors: Vasylieva Oksana , Sader Abbas 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn the case of Congenital Muscle Disorders like Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) the rehabilitative interventions have always been aimed at muscle strengthening, increasing of fatigue resistance and improving of aerobic metabolism efficiency whereas the electrical membrane fault has always been addressed pharmacologically. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a useful therapeutic tool in sport medicine and in the rehabilitation of many clinical conditions characterized by motor impairment such as stroke, cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury.The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the effects of chronic electrical stimulation both on functional and electrical properties of muscle in a small group of patients with condenital muscle disorders.Materials and methodsfive DM1 patients and one patient with Congenital Myotonia (CM) performed a home electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle lasting 15 days with a frequency of two daily sessions of 60 minutes each. Muscle strength was assessed according to the MRC scale (Medical Research Council) and functional tests (10 Meter Walking Test, 6 Minutes Walking Test – MWT and Timed Up and Go Test – TUG test) were performed. We analyzed the average rectified value of sEMG signal amplitude (ARV) to characterize the sarcolemmal excitability.ResultsAfter the treatment an increase of muscle strength in those DM1 patients with a mild strength deficit was observed. In all subjects an improvement of 10 MWT was recorded. Five patients improved their performance in the 6 MWT. In TUG test 4 out of 6 patients showed a slight reduction in execution time. All patients reported a subjective improvement when walking. A complete recovery of the normal increasing ARV curve was observed in 4 out of 5 DM1 patients; the CM patient didn't show modification of the ARV pattern.ConclusionsNMES determined a clear‐cut improvement of both the muscular weakness and the sarcolemmal excitability alteration in our small group of DM1 patients. Therefore this rehabilitative approach, if confirmed by further extensive studies, could be considered early in the management of muscular impairment in these patients. An attractive hypothesis to explain our encouraging result could be represented by a functional inhibition of small conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels expressed 3 (SK3) in muscle of DM1 subjects.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Vasodilatory Responses to Standard and Enhanced Flow‐ Mediated Dilation Stimuli
Authors: Khaksar Ava , Adler Tessa Evangeline , Coovadia Yasmine , Usselman Charlotte Willemina 
Published: June 2021

Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is a clinical index of endothelial health that has not revealed consistent differences between the sexes or the phases of the menstrual cycle, both of which are known to affect endothelial function. Since estradiol varies with the menstrual cycle and up‐regulates nitric oxide, a primary mediator of the FMD response, it is surprising that past studies have not revealed consistent associations between FMD and menstrual cycle phase. It may be that the standard FMD is not sensitive enough to reflect the subtle changes in endothelial function which occur across the menstrual cycle. Recent data suggest that enhanced FMD stimuli provide a potential means for detecting subtle changes in endothelial function that are not observed using the standard FMD. We hypothesized that an enhanced FMD stimulus, as elicited by 3 min of forearm occlusion concomitant with isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (IEFMD), will be more responsive to menstrual cycle‐induced changes in estradiol (and therefore vasodilatory responsiveness) than the standard 5‐min FMD in young healthy women. We compared reactive hyperemic responses (%FMD) between FMD protocols (i.e. standard FMD vs. IEFMD) in eumenorrheic women (n: 4; age: 21±1.4 yrs, range: 19–22 yrs, BMI: 23.3±3.2 kg/m2, range: 20.5–26.4 kg/m2, cycle length: 29.8±1.7 days, range: 28–32 days) during the low‐estradiol early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (EF; days 1–5) and the high‐estradiol late follicular phase (LF; days 10–14). As expected, we observed a greater %FMD in response to the IEFMD relative to the standard FMD in the EF phase (19.4±4.6% vs. 9.0±1.6% respectively, p<0.05). Similarly, in the LF phase we observed a trend toward a greater %FMD in the IEFMD versus the standard FMD (13.5±5.8% vs. 7.0±0.04%, p=0.1). However, a two‐way ANOVA demonstrated no main effect of menstrual cycle phase (p=0.5), or FMD stimulus (p=0.7) on %FMD (phase x stimulus interaction: p=0.9). Therefore, these preliminary data do not support our hypothesis that an enhanced FMD stimulus involving isometric handgrip exercise is more sensitive than the standard FMD in detecting changes in endothelial function across menstrual cycle phases in young healthy women.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant (CWU). TEA & YC were supported by the McGill Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education Graduate Excellence Fellowship.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effects of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation on Diaphragm Arteriolar Response to Alpha‐Adrenergic Agonists
Authors: Horn Andrew Gary , Baumfalk Dryden R , Opoku‐Acheampong Alexander B , Kunkel Olivia N , Caldwell Jacob T , Poole David C , Behnke Bradley J 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMechanical ventilation (MV) is a life‐saving intervention and is employed in Intensive Care Units across the world. Previous work has shown a substantial time‐dependent reduction in diaphragmatic blood flow and O2 delivery with MV that may contribute to ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction. However, the precise mechanism responsible for these alterations in blood flow are unknown. Given the reduction in diaphragm blood flow with prolonged MV, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged MV (e.g. 6 hours) enhances diaphragm arteriole contractile responses to alpha‐adrenergic agonists.MethodsFemale Sprague Dawley rats (5–8 mo) were divided into spontaneous breathing (SPB; n= 10) and MV (n= 3). Following SPB and 6 hours of MV, diaphragm arterioles (~200mm diameter, ~2mm in length) were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized to develop spontaneous tone. Thereafter, contractile responses to cumulative doses of norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine (PE) (10−9 to 10−4M) were determined.Results and ConclusionFrom this preliminary data, vasoconstrictor responses to NE, and PE in diaphragm arterioles were not different after prolonged MV (% max constriction, NE=23.3± 20.47, PE=16.8± 16.41 compared to SPB (% max constriction, NE= 37.5± 16.71 (P = 0.27); PE= 38.03± 21.76 (P =0.098). Between SPB and MV % max constriction with NE, there was mean difference of 14.2%, and 21.2% with PE. Additional studies are under way to increase the sample size herein. These investigations will seek to resolve the impact of prolonged MV on the diaphragm resistance vasculature and responsiveness to these (i.e. NE, PE) and other vasoactive mediators such as Angiotensin‐II and Endothelin‐1 that may be upregulated with MV as well as potential structural alterations.Support or Funding InformationNIH (1 R15 HL137156‐01A1)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of time of day on heat‐induced hyperventilation and cerebrovascular response during exercise in the heat
Authors: Tsuji Bun , Nakane Akari , Ohno Mizuki , Inoue Yukiko 
Published: June 2021

Hyperthermia during exercise leads to increases in minute ventilation independently of metabolic factors. This heat‐induced hyperventilation results in excessive elimination of CO2 from the body, leading to reduced arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) and the resultant cerebral hypoperfusion, which may underlie central fatigue during hyperthermia and impaired exercise performance in the heat. We recently reported that time of day has no effect on time course of hyperventilatory response during exercise in the heat, despite the higher core temperatures in the evening (Tsuji et al. Am J Physiol 2016). This was likely due to diurnal variation in the control of ventilation in response to rising core temperature. However, it remains unclear whether cerebrovascular response during exercise in the heat is affected by time of day. This study thus examined the effect of time of day on respiratory and cerebrovascular responses during prolonged exercise in the heat. Eleven healthy subjects performed a cycle exercise at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (35°C ambient temperature and 40% relative humidity) in the morning (0830) and evening (1830). The exercise was terminated when the exercise duration reached 60 min, esophageal temperature reached 39.0°C or the subject could no longer pedal at 60 rpm. Esophageal temperature and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in the evening than morning (both P < 0.01), but time of day had no significant effect on minute ventilation, estimated PaCO2, middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebral vascular conductance. The ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature (i.e., slope of the esophageal temperature‐ventilation relation) was significantly greater in the evening than morning. However, sensitivities of PaCO2 and cerebrovascular responses to rising core temperature were unaffected by time of day. In conclusion, present results suggest that time of day has no effect on the time course of hyperventilation, PaCO2 and cerebral blood flow response during prolonged exercise in the heat.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
ROS‐mediated NRF2 Activity in Rats Exposed to Acrolein
Authors: Joseph Mathew , Haydari Sedi , Ranganna Kasturi , Newaz Mohammad A. , Yousefipour Zivar 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesEnvironmental exposure to acrolein has been linked to impaired vascular reactivity and development of cardiovascular diseases. Generation of free radicals and formation of adduct with critical proteins have been proposed as the possible mechanisms involved but the precise mechanism of acrolein mediated vascular alteration remains elusive. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of diseases involving inflammation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator of adaptive response to oxidative stress. Nrf2 activity is regulated partially through Keap1 protein. Keap1 binding to Nrf2 will keep the transcription factor in the cytoplasm. This study hypothesizes that exposure of rats to acrolein alters activation of Nrf2 through modification of Keap1 and/or modification of Nrf2.Design and methodMale Sprague‐Dawley rats (200–250 gm) were exposed to acrolein (1 mg/kg, gavage, 1 week) alone or in combination with rosiglitazone (Roz: PPARγ ligand; 10 mg/kg, gavages, 10 days). At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and isoprostane level was measured in urine as an indication of oxidative damage. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to measure changes in the expression/activity of Nrf2, Keap1 and HO‐1 in liver tissue.ResultsOur results indicated increased generation of ROS in rats treated with acrolein. Addition of rosiglitazone ameliorated the effect of acrolein on ROS generation. Acrolein increased expression/activity of Nrf2 and HO‐1, while reduced expression of Keap1. Addition of rosiglitazone further increased expression/activity of Nrf2 and HO‐1 and reduced Keap1.ConclusionsBased on present data we are concluding that effect of acrolein on rat is partially due to the increased generation of ROS and subsequent alterations of Nrf2, Keap1 and HO‐1. These changes were further amplified with addition of rosiglitazone.Support or Funding InformationNational Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, Award Number SC3GM103746.Research Center in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Molecular Biology Core facility of TSU.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Erythema and Edema following Dental Prophylaxis in Dogs
Authors: Watson Andrea H , Brundage Cord M 
Published: June 2021

Photobiomodulation has been documented as a mitigator of wound erythema and edema in human and veterinary patients. To determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy in male and female canine (Canis lupus familiaris) patients following routine dental prophylaxis, a low energy GaAlInP diode laser with a continuous 650 nm wavelength and 100 mW power output was used. Immediately following the dental procedure, each canine patient received irradiation (10 J/cm2) based on one of three randomly assigned treatment groups. One group (n = 7) received four treatment points of irradiation on the gingiva of the right upper and lower dental arcade, another group (n = 8) received four treatment points of irradiation on the gingiva of the left upper and lower dental arcade, and the other group (n = 9) received a mock gingiva treatment without irradiation. Erythema and edema along the gingival surface of each canine was scored 24 hours after treatment by a blinded veterinary evaluator. Using a composite evaluation there was significantly higher inflammation scores of the lower right dental arcade for the untreated control group relative to both the left side treated group (p = 0.025) and the right side treated group (p = 0.017). When looking at erythema specifically, there was significant reduction in erythema in the left side treated group relative to the control group (p = 0.049) for the lower left dental arcade. When comparing males and females, males had higher erythema (p = 0.034) and edema (p = 0.014) scores as well as composite inflammation (p = 0.026) score than females in the left side treated group at the location of the left dental arcade. No other sex associated differences were noted. Despite patient variability in this clinical study, receiving a single photobiomodulation treatment demonstrated a minor to discernible reduction in erythema and edema following canine dental prophylaxis.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.