bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Effects of Methylphenidate on Attention and Inhibition in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Results From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Maeder Johanna , Mancini Valentina , Sandini Corrado , Journal Fiona , Schneider Maude , Kliegel Matthias , Eliez Stephan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and frequently persists into adulthood. Although medication with stimulant has been demonstrated to be highly effective in idiopathic ADHD, evidence in 22q11DS is still scarce. Previous studies have shown safety and effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) on core symptoms of ADHD as well as improvement of associated cognitive deficits. However, only a limited number of cognitive domains have been explored.MethodsTwenty-three participants with 22q11DS and attention difficulties, aged 8–24 years, entered a clinical trial aiming to specify the effects of MPH on clinical symptoms, cognition, and daily-life behavior. The effects of treatment were compared with/without medication in a within-subject design. The trial included both participants naïve to the molecule and chronic users.ResultsBenefit from the treatment was demonstrated through a decrease in core ADHD symptoms, specifically inattention symptoms, and improvement of cognitive measures of attention and inhibition. Conversely, no significant change was found for other executive functions (such as cognitive flexibility, working memory, initiation), learning, or memory. Moreover, no significant improvement on ecological measures of daily-life executive functioning was found, possibly because of the short treatment period. We replicated safety, and although very frequent, side effects were of mild intensity and comparable with previous findings.ConclusionsThis study extends the current knowledge on the effects of MPH in patients with 22q11DS. Treatment was found to be effective for core ADHD symptoms and cognitive measures of attention and inhibition.
Impact of event notification services on timely follow-up and rehospitalization among primary care patients at two Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
Authors: Dixon Brian E , Judon Kimberly M , Schwartzkopf Ashley L , Guerrero Vivian M , Koufacos Nicholas S , May Justine , Schubert Cathy C , Boockvar Kenneth S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the effectiveness of event notification service (ENS) alerts on health care delivery processes and outcomes for older adults.

Materials and methods
We deployed ENS alerts in 2 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers using regional health information exchange (HIE) networks from March 2016 to December 2019. Alerts targeted VA-based primary care teams when older patients (aged 65+ years) were hospitalized or attended emergency departments (ED) outside the VA system. We employed a concurrent cohort study to compare postdischarge outcomes between patients whose providers received ENS alerts and those that did not (usual care). Outcome measures included: timely follow-up postdischarge (actual phone call within 7 days or an in-person primary care visit within 30 days) and all-cause inpatient or ED readmission within 30 days. Generalized linear mixed models, accounting for clustering by primary care team, were used to compare outcomes between groups.

Results
Compared to usual care, veterans whose primary care team received notification of non-VA acute care encounters were 4 times more likely to have phone contact within 7 days (AOR = 4.10, P &lt; .001) and 2 times more likely to have an in-person visit within 30 days (AOR = 1.98, P = .007). There were no significant differences between groups in hospital or ED utilization within 30 days of index discharge (P = .057).

Discussion
ENS was associated with increased timely follow-up following non-VA acute care events, but there was no associated change in 30-day readmission rates. Optimization of ENS processes may be required to scale use and impact across health systems.

Conclusion
Given the importance of ENS to the VA and other health systems, this study provides guidance for future research on ENS for improving care coordination and population outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02689076. “Regional Data Exchange to Improve Care for Veterans After Non-VA Hospitalization.” Registered February 23, 2016.
In AI We Trust? Effects of Agency Locus and Transparency on Uncertainty Reduction in Human–AI Interaction
Authors: Liu Bingjie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to make decisions for humans. Unlike traditional AI that is programmed to follow human-made rules, machine-learning AI generates rules from data. These machine-generated rules are often unintelligible to humans. Will users feel more uncertainty about decisions governed by such rules? To what extent does rule transparency reduce uncertainty and increase users’ trust? In a 2 × 3 × 2 between-subjects online experiment, 491 participants interacted with a website that was purported to be a decision-making AI system. Three factors of the AI system were manipulated: agency locus (human-made rules vs. machine-learned rules), transparency (no vs. placebic vs. real explanations), and task (detecting fake news vs. assessing personality). Results show that machine-learning AI triggered less social presence, which increased uncertainty and lowered trust. Transparency reduced uncertainty and enhanced trust, but the mechanisms for this effect differed between the two types of AI.
Near-infrared spectroscopic indices for unresolved stellar populations – II. Index measurements
Authors: Gasparri D , Morelli L , Ivanov V D , François P , Pizzella A , Coccato L , Corsini E M , Dalla Bontà E , Costantin L , Cesetti M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe measured the equivalent width of a large set of near-infrared (NIR, 0.8–2.4$\ \mu$m) line-strength indices in XShooter medium-resolution spectra of the central regions of 14 galaxies. We found that two aluminum indices, Al at 1.31 μm and Al1 at 1.67 μm, and two CO indices, CO1 at 1.56 μm and CO4 at 1.64 μm, are tightly correlated with the velocity dispersion. Moreover, the NIR Al and CO1 indices show strong correlations with the optical Mg2 and Mgb indices, which are usually adopted as α/Fe-enhancement diagnostics. The molecular FeH1 index at 1.58 μm correlates tightly with the optical 〈Fe〉 and [MgFe]′ indices, which are used as total metallicity diagnostics. The NIR Paβ index at 1.28 μm has a behaviour similar to the optical Hβ index, which is a diagnostic of mean age. We defined two new composite indices, 〈Al〉 and [AlFeH], as possible candidates to be used as NIR diagnostics of total metallicity and α/Fe enhancement. The NIR 〈Al〉 index has a strong correlation with the optical Mg2 and Mgb indices, while the [AlFeH] index is tightly correlated with the optical 〈Fe〉 and [MgFe]′ indices. The distribution of the data points in the NIR Paβ–〈Al〉 and Paβ–[AlFeH] diagrams mimics that in the optical [MgFe]′–Hβ and Mgb–〈Fe〉 diagrams, which are widely used to constrain the properties of the unresolved stellar populations. We concluded that some NIR line-strength indices could be useful in studying stellar populations as well as in fine-tuning stellar population models.
The rapidly oscillating Ap star γ Equ: linear polarization as an enhanced pulsation diagnostic?
Authors: Hubrig S , Järvinen S P , Ilyin I , Strassmeier K G , Schöller M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first short time-scale observations of the rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star γ Equ in linear polarized light obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument installed at the Large Binocular Telescope. These observations are used to search for pulsation variability in Stokes Q and U line profiles belonging to different elements. The atmospheres of roAp stars are significantly stratified with spectral lines of different elements probing different atmospheric depths. roAp stars with strong magnetic fields, such as γ Equ with a magnetic field modulus of 4 kG and a pulsation period of 12.21 min, are of special interest because the effect of the magnetic field on the structure of their atmospheres can be studied with greatest detail and accuracy. Our results show that we may detect changes in the transversal field component in Fe i and rare earth element lines possessing large second-order Landé factors. Such variability can be due to the impact of pulsation on the transverse magnetic field, causing changes in the obliquity angles of the magnetic force lines. Further studies of roAp stars in linear polarized light and subsequent detailed modelling are necessary to improve our understanding of the involved physics.
Real-World Preliminary Experience With Responsive Neurostimulation in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Nagahama Yasunori , Zervos Thomas M , Murata Kristina K , Holman Lynette , Karsonovich Torin , Parker Jonathon J , Chen Jia-Shu , Phillips H Westley , Fajardo Marytery , Nariai Hiroki , Hussain Shaun A , Porter Brenda E , Grant Gerald A , Ragheb John , Wang Shelly , O’Neill Brent R , Alexander Allyson L , Bollo Robert J , Fallah Aria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite the well-documented utility of responsive neurostimulation (RNS, NeuroPace) in adult epilepsy patients, literature on the use of RNS in children is limited.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the real-world efficacy and safety of RNS in pediatric epilepsy patients.

METHODS
Patients with childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy treated with RNS were retrospectively identified at 5 pediatric centers. Reduction of disabling seizures and complications were evaluated for children (<18 yr) and young adults (>18 yr) and compared with prior literature pertaining to adult patients.

RESULTS
Of 35 patients identified, 17 were <18 yr at the time of RNS implantation, including a 3-yr-old patient. Four patients (11%) had concurrent resection. Three complications, requiring additional surgical interventions, were noted in young adults (2 infections [6%] and 1 lead fracture [3%]). No complications were noted in children. Among the 32 patients with continued therapy, 2 (6%) achieved seizure freedom, 4 (13%) achieved ≥90% seizure reduction, 13 (41%) had ≥50% reduction, 8 (25%) had <50% reduction, and 5 (16%) experienced no improvement. The average follow-up duration was 1.7 yr (median 1.8 yr, range 0.3-4.8 yr). There was no statistically significant difference for seizure reduction and complications between children and young adults in our cohort or between our cohort and the adult literature.

CONCLUSION
These preliminary data suggest that RNS is well tolerated and an effective off-label surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in carefully selected pediatric patients as young as 3 yr of age. Data regarding long-term efficacy and safety in children will be critical to optimize patient selection.
Needle Parking Interrupted Suturing Technique for Microvascular Anastomosis: A Technical Note
Authors: Mehta Shyle H , Belykh Evgenii , Farhadi Dara S , Preul Mark C , Kikuta Ken-ichiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interrupted and continuous suturing are 2 common techniques for microvascular anastomosis in cerebrovascular surgery. One of the technical complexities of interrupted suturing includes the risk of losing the needle in between interrupted sutures during knot tying, which may result in unnecessary movements and wasted time.

OBJECTIVE
To report a new needle parking technique for microvascular anastomosis that addresses a needle control problem during interrupted suturing.

METHODS
The needle parking technique involves puncturing both vessel walls at the site of the next provisional suture and leaving the needle parked in place while the knots at the first suture are being made. The thread is then cut, the needle is pulled through, and the process is repeated. Illustrative cases in which the needle parking technique was used are presented. We also compared time of anastomosis completion between the conventional interrupted, needle parking interrupted, and continuous suturing techniques during an in vitro study on standardized artificial vessels.

RESULTS
This technique is being used successfully by the senior author for various cerebrovascular bypass surgeries. The in vitro study demonstrated that the needle parking technique can be significantly faster than the conventional interrupted suturing technique and may be as fast as continuous suturing.

CONCLUSION
Needle parking technique is a modification of conventional interrupted suturing and solves the problem of losing the needle during knot tying. This technique is simple, prevents unnecessary movements, and may result in a faster anastomosis time.
Microsurgical Treatment of a Petrotentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: The Vein, the Whole Vein, and Nothing but the Vein: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Elarjani Turki , Burks S Shelby , Wu Eva , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) consist of abnormal anastomoses between 1 or multiple meningeal arteries to meningeal veins, venous sinuses, or subarachnoid veins.
1
dAVFs account for 10% to 15% of all intracranial arteriovenous lesions.
2
dAVFs can be challenging to treat with various approaches that include microsurgical ligation, endovascular embolization (transarterial or transvenous), and stereotactic radiosurgery. All these treatments share the common goal of disconnecting the draining vein from the fistulous point. We present a case of a 43-yr-old male who presented with progressive headaches and was found to have an incidental Zipfel type 3A
3
right petrotentorial dAVF on catheter angiography. The patient underwent a right retrosigmoid craniotomy and clipping of 2 separate venous outflows. The case illustrates the principle that multiple venous outflows can exist in dAVF and a thorough analysis of the venous phase of the angiogram as well as corresponding inspection of the fistula at the time of surgical exploration is a necessity to avoid partial obliteration. The patient remained neurologically intact postoperatively and had complete resolution of his fistula on postoperative angiography. We review the neuroimaging, operative video, and technical nuances and provide a short literature review on the topic.
4
The patient gave informed consent for the procedure and verbal consent for this publication. The patient consented to the publication of their image.
Cervical Subarachnoid Drain for the Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Perez-Roman Roberto J , Urakov Timur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a common phenomenon encountered by the neurosurgeon. It is most commonly come across after a neurosurgical procedure, but it can be seen idiopathically. Treatment usually ranges from conservative management through cerebrospinal fluid diversion to direct surgical repair. Continuous CSF drainage provides a path for diversion and allowing the site of the dural injury to heal effectively.
1
Cervical subarachnoid drain is a safe and effective alternative when lumbar access is contraindicated or not achievable.
2
Here we present a case of a 22-yr-old female with progressive symptomatic positional headaches due to a CSF leak from a prior deformity surgery treated with a cervical subarachnoid drain after a failed attempt at a direct repair. This 2-dimensional video illustrates the technique used for the placement of a cervical subarachnoid drain for the treatment of symptomatic CSF leak.
Patient consented to the procedure and for the publication of their image.
Tailored physical activity behavior change interventions: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ma Jasmin K , Floegel Theresa A , Li Linda C , Leese Jenny , De Vera Mary A , Beauchamp Mark R , Taunton Jack , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Allen Kelli D 
Published: August 2021

Lay Summary
Being physically active has many social, emotional, and health benefits, but very few individuals are active enough to see those benefits. Using interventions that are tailored, in other words, individualized to a person’s characteristics, needs, preferences, and/or situation, may help improve physical activity participation rates. However, a better understanding of how to do tailoring is needed. Our collaboration reviewed the literature and convened to suggest two key opportunities to better understand how tailored approaches to physical activity can be done: (a) improve engagement of those who the research is intended for and (b) understand the ethical impacts and patient/provider experience of using technology to support tailoring.
Notalgia paresthetica
Authors: Haney Beth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Notalgia paresthetica is a perplexing diagnosis in the primary care setting. Chronic itching, paresthesia, or pain causes discomfort in patients who suffer with notalgia paresthetica and it is thought to be a common but underdiagnosed condition. Recognition of this dermatologic condition can lead to reassurance and relief for affected patients.
Extended Flexor Carpi Radialis Approach
Authors: Imada Allicia O. , Oloyede Solomon F. , Mercer Deana 
Published: August 2021

Summary:
The extended flexor carpi radialis (FCR) approach is a useful, extensile surgical exposure that can be used in the treatment of distal radius fractures. It allows for reduction of partially healed, complex articular fractures and those fractures involving the volar rim of the ulnar fossa. It expands the traditional Henry approach by providing more distal exposure and access to the dorsal aspect of the radius. The extended FCR approach is performed in four steps: (1) The FCR tendon sheath is released distally to the tuberosity of the trapezium, (2) the radial septum including the brachioradialis insertion and the first dorsal extensor compartment is released, (3) the volar surface of the radius is exposed by elevating the transitional fibrous zone and the pronator quadratus, (4) and finally, the proximal fragment is pronated through the fracture site exposing the dorsal aspect of the distal radius. This intrafocal exposure allows debridement of the fracture by removing organized hematoma or callus to allow anatomical reduction of the fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Level V—Expert Opinion.
Risk Factors for Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in Hospitalized Young Adults: An Analysis of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registry
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Sayed Imran A. , Dapul Heda , McGarvey Jeremy S. , Bandy Jennifer A. , Boman Karen , Kumar Vishakha K. , Bansal Vikas , Retford Lynn , Cheruku Sreekanth , Kaufman Margit , Heavner Smith F. , Danesh Valerie C. , St. Hill Catherine A. , Khanna Ashish K. , Bhalala Utpal , Kashyap Rahul , Gajic Ognjen , Walkey Allan J. , Gist Katja M. 
Published: August 2021

IMPORTANCE:
Even with its proclivity for older age, coronavirus disease 2019 has been shown to affect all age groups. However, there remains a lack of research focused primarily on the young adult population.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 and identify the risk factors associated with critical illness and mortality in hospitalized young adults.

DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS:
A retrospective cohort study of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study registry. Patients 18–40 years old, hospitalized from coronavirus disease 2019 from March 2020 to April 2021, were included in the analysis.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Critical illness was defined as a composite of mortality and 21 predefined interventions and complications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with critical illness and mortality.

RESULTS:
Data from 4,005 patients (152 centers, 19 countries, 18.6% non-U.S. patients) were analyzed. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 27–37 yr); 51% were female, 29.4% Hispanic, and 42.9% had obesity. Most patients (63.2%) had comorbidities, the most common being hypertension (14.5%) and diabetes (13.7%). Hospital and ICU mortality were 3.2% (129/4,005) and 8.3% (109/1,313), respectively. Critical illness occurred in 25% (n = 996), and 34.3% (n = 1,376) were admitted to the ICU. Older age (p = 0.03), male sex (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.2–2.6]), and obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.4]) were associated with hospital mortality. In addition to the above factors, the presence of any comorbidity was associated with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including analysis with U.S. patients only and patients admitted to high-volume sites, showed similar risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among hospitalized young adults, obese males with comorbidities are at higher risk of developing critical illness or dying from coronavirus disease 2019.
Maternal outcome of selective feticide due to fetal anomaly in late trimester: A retrospective 10 years’ experience in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Chen-Ai , Lin Tzu-Yi , Lee Han-Ni , Chan Kok-Seong , Hung Tai-Ho , Shaw Steven W. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Feticide was suggested to avoid delivering children with abnormalities. Recently, twin pregnancies have increased. Selective feticide was proposed to achieve a good outcome of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feticide in twin pregnancy with fetal anomaly.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study enrolled from 2009 to 2018. A total of 68 pregnancies with fetal anomalies received feticide. Potassium chloride was injected into the left ventricle to induce fetal asystole. Maternal and fetal characteristics of 16 dichorionic twins were documented to compare before and after 24th gestational week.

Results:
All pregnant women received feticide without any maternal or fetal complication. The reasons for choosing feticide were divided into four groups, including morphologic defect (61.8%), genetic-chromosomal abnormality (30.9%), obstetrical complication (5.9%), and maternal request (1.5%). Mean gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in dichorionic twins who underwent selective feticide before than after 24th gestational week (36.7 vs 33.4, p = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Intracardiac injection of potassium chloride was effective for feticide and safe for mothers and fetuses. Selective feticide served as an alternative approach for twin pregnancy with fetal anomaly after sufficient discussion.
The Hidden Cost of Caregiving
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Weaver Matthew D. , Quan Stuart F. , Barger Laura K. , Zhivotovsky Stephany , Czeisler Charles A. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To evaluate whether caregiving for older adults is associated with insomnia symptoms and diminished workplace productivity.

Methods:
We analyzed data collected from caregivers to older adults in the US. Participants self-reported awakenings from sleep (caregiving-related or spontaneous) and workplace measures (presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity impairment). We conduct generalized linear modeling to examine the relationship between awakenings and workplace outcomes, controlling for confounders.

Results:
Two hundred fifty-eight caregivers to older adults reported current employment and met our inclusion criteria. Adjusted analyses found that reporting caregiving-related awakenings was associated with presenteeism (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.16 to 1.40), absenteeism (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.15), and productivity impairment (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.25 to 1.58). Adjusted analyses found that spontaneous nighttime awakenings were associated with absenteeism (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.08) and productivity impairment (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.124) but not presenteeism.

Conclusions:
Caregiving-related awakenings are a risk factor for workplace productivity impairment. Future studies should examine means for improving caregiver sleep.