bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repurposing CO2 from Human Respiration Inside Buildings to Enhance Growth in Rooftop Gardens
Authors: Buckley Sarabeth , Sparks Rebecca , Marsching Jane , Phillips Nathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cities face many environmental challenges while providing opportunities for integrating human infrastructure with the surrounding environment. One effort to improve environmental conditions in cities is to increase the amount of green space in creative ways within city limits. Here we propose a unique system taking carbon dioxide (CO2) from indoor spaces and applying it to rooftop gardens or farms through existing ventilation systems with the elevated CO2 levels leading to a fertilization effect that increases plant growth. CO2 measurements were taken inside multiple classrooms as well as at the exhaust vents on a rooftop and air from exhaust was applied to crops and biomass and leaf number were measured. High concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]) persisted inside university classrooms as well as at rooftop exhaust vents in correlation with expected human occupancy and stayed around 1070 ± 70 and 830 parts per million (ppm) CO2 reaching a max of 4470 and 1300 ppm CO2 respectively. Growth in Spinacia oleraceae L. (spinach) grown next to exhaust air increased 4-fold in comparison to plants grown next to a control fan applying atmospheric air. High wind speed decreased growth by approximately 2-fold. Zea mays (corn), a C4 plant, grown next to exhaust experienced a 2 to 3-fold increase, indicating alternative environmental factors additionally playing a part in growth enhancement. Enhancing growth in rooftop gardens using indoor air, could help rooftop plants grow larger and survive harsh conditions. This would make rooftop gardens more viable and better able to provide environmental services and connect urban areas to the surrounding environment.
Relevant Aspects To Promote Teacher Awareness in the Pedagogical Orchestration of Learning Activities Where Students Move
Authors: de Lima Claudio Cleverson , Morgado Leonel Caseiro , Schlemmer Eliane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The pedagogical monitoring of activities involving spatial movement of students represents a teaching challenge due to events taking place outside the visual reach of the teacher. We present a literature review in which observational aspects are relevant to promote teacher awareness in these activities, from a perspective of awareness within the field of CSCW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work. We also identified instruments and situations associated with those aspects of awareness. Results are presented via thematic analysis, clarifying the relevance of aspects related to Motivation/Engagement, Location/Path, Execution of the Activity, Interaction/Cooperation, and Results/Feedback. This clarification may contribute towards the development of learning orchestration protocols and information systems which support teachers in the collection and analysis of awareness-supporting data, contributing to teacher awareness of what occurs in these activities and allowing greater freedom and assertiveness in the pedagogical orchestration.
Risk factors for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional study in 116,678 people.
Authors: Kjetland Eyrun F , Kalleberg Karl Trygve , Søraas Camilla Lund , Hammarstrøm Bato , Myklebust Tor Åge , Jenum Synne , Axelsen Eyrun , Lind Andreas , Bævre-Jensen Roar , Jørgensen Silje Bakken , Pettersen Frank Olav , Solberg Lene B , Hadley Cathrine Lund , Istre Mette , Liestøl Knut , Dahl John Arne , Ursin Giske , Søraas Arne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not well characterised. We sought to identify potential risk factors for transmission and actionable information that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at four accredited laboratories were invited. In addition, participants were recruited through a media campaign. Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test results were compared with laboratory results, demographic data and behavioural facts were collected using a digital platform. In a cross-sectional design positive cases were compared with negative and untested control groups.
Findings
Approximately 14 days after a countrywide lockdown in Norway, 116,678 participants were included. Median age was 46 years, 44% had children in preschool or in school; 18% were practicing health professionals. International flights, contact with infected individuals, and gatherings of more than 50 people, were associated with increased risk of testing positive. Health professionals who treated COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of testing positive than those who did not. Having undergone light infections, the last six months was strongly associated with lower odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Contact with children, use of hand sanitiser and use of protective gloves in private were also associated with lower odds ratio of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Interpretation
Further research is needed to explore if being a parent or looking after children is associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the next phases of the pandemic. Immunological research should be done to determine the effects of prior trivial infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We confirm that large gatherings during the pandemic should be avoided and those who are infected, or under suspicion thereof, posed very high risks to others in this population.
Registration:
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NTC 04320732, March 25, 2020.
Evaluation of nitrate pollution sources in surface water across the typical rural-urban interface: a case study of Wen-Rui Tang River, China
Authors: Ji Xiaoliang , Shang Xu , Shu Lielin , Mei Kun , Chen Zheng , Yang Yue , Wang Zhenfeng , Dahlgren Randy A. , Zhang Minghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nitrate (NO 3 − ) pollution is of considerable concern because its threat to human health and ecosystems. Herein, we chose the Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, one of typical rural-urban watersheds in Southeast China, as a case study. According to the analyses based on hydro-chemical ions, land-use classification, dual nitrate isotopes ( δ 15 N-NO 3 − and δ 18 O-NO 3 − ), and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo mixing model, the knowledge of contributions of potential NO 3 − pollution sources was obtained. Results showed that the study river was highly polluted by nitrogen, especially the increased riverine NO 3 − . Variations in δ 15 N-NO 3 − and δ 18 O-NO 3 − revealed that microbial nitrification was the main transformation process of nitrogen in surface water of the watershed, while bacterial denitrification was unlikely to be an important process at the specific sampling period. The δ 15 N-NO 3 − vs. δ 18 O-NO 3 − diagram incorporating chloride content qualitatively identified the main contribution of riverine NO 3 − was from municipal sewage discharges. On the basis of land-use characteristics, we applied hierarchical cluster method for subgrouping 44 sampling sites into four classes, namely, classes I (ecological), II (industrial), III (agricultural), and IV (urban). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo mixing model was employed to calculate proportional contributions of NO 3 − sources and articulated predominantly municipal sewage (23.5 – 42.2%) sourced nitrate in all classes. In addition, river sediments (13.8 – 20.8%) and atmospheric deposition (12.7 – 19.6%) were identified as important pollution sources. This study demonstrated that the comprehensive isotope tracing approach can effectively quantify the nitrate pollution source contributions for surface waters across the rural-urban interface.
Epidemiologic Modeling of COVID-19 in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Using The Best and Worst Scenarios Experienced in The World
Authors: Hailu Getachew , Tilahun Tizta , Tadesse Gizachew , Bitew Denekew , Angaw Kassawmar , Mengistie Cherenet , Asrat Anemaw , Ambaw Fentie , Gelaw Yeshigeta , Degu Getu , Kebede Essey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the first public health agenda. Citizens of resource-poor countries like Ethiopia could be most affected by the pandemic unless aggressive plans are implemented. Despite the prevention and control efforts being made at the national and regional levels, there is no evidence about the worst and best scenarios in the number of COVID-19 cases expected in the Amhara Regional. Besides, there were no efforts to develop predicting models of future values in COVID-19 anticipated cases expected based on the current global trend.Objective: Forecast the latest epidemic situations by estimating and predicting cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the Amhara region.Methods: This study employed models by using the expected number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Amhara National Regional State using the worst scenarios faced in the world. Data were extracted using a checklist. Existing data on morbidity and mortality by age and sex were collected through a literature search strategy including PubMed/Medline and the Google scholar database. Besides, the Worldometer of the novel COVID-19 was used as a source of data. This study used MS-Excel spreadsheet program for data extraction. COVID-19modeling was made using Susceptible- Infected-Recovered (SIR), Susceptible-Exposed Infected-Recovered (SEIR), and WHO DisMod II software. Result: Without any pharmacological intervention, based on the SEIR model, the expected number of peak COVID-19 cases could reach about 3 million cases occurring on July 29th, 2020.However, with an intervention that could reduce the transmission by 30%, would push the peak period to 22 days (20thAugust). Using the Susceptible–Infected—Recovered model without non-pharmacologic interventions, the expected number of peak COVID-19 cases is 5,947,685, occurring on July 2, 2020.The peak number of Hospitalization is 820, 781, in need of ICU 279,541and deaths 53,529. With the DisModII modeling, outputs showed that males are more affected than females. Accordingly, the total incident cases in the region were estimated to be 837,348 (474, 809 male and 362,540 female). The expected number of total deaths was also estimated at 44,247 (30, 176 male and 14, 071 female). Also, the middle age group is more infected but less at risk of death. The recovery rate decreases drastically as age increase.Conclusion: The discrepancies in findings from the three models used in this study could be driven mainly by data limitation in the Ethiopia context. However, our results from the different models highlight the need for more intervention on non-pharmacological interventions. Besides, highly influential parameters urge further study for better effective evidence-based decision making.
CDC20 as a new therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer: an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaocui , Bi Fangfang , Yang Qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

There were 313959 cases of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (OC) and 207252 new deaths for OC in 2020 and OC lacks effective treatment options. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets is imminent. Here, we use an integrated bioinformatics analysis to key genes involved in ovarian cancer and reveal potential therapeutic targets.
Methods

GSE105437, GSE14407 and GSE18520 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was drawn through STRING database and select CDC20 having the highest degrees of connectivity as the potential therapeutic target. Oncomine database and quantitative Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) of the ovarian tissues were used to validate the mRNA expression of CDC20. We use Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software to explore the potential biological function of CDC20 in OC.
Results

A total of 821 DEGs were obtained, including 497 upregulated genes and 324 downregulated genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses indicated the DEGs were mainly involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity, tubulin binding, microtubule binding, cell cycle, Wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and metabolism changes. Oncomine database analysis and RT-qPCR showed that CDC20 is significantly upregulated in OC tissues. GSEA analysis showed that CDC20 may regulate OC via cell cycle, citrate and TCA cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathways.
Conclusion

The results of the present study deduced that CDC20 is overexpressed in OC and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.
Transmission frequency of covid-19 through pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in AJK: A report of 201 cases
Authors: Mahmood Majid , Ilyas Noor-ul-ain , Khan Muhammad Faraz , Hasrat Muhammad Naseem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, declared as “once-in-a-century” pandemic, has affected about entire human population. Till now, the most promising control strategy is to block the transmission which will never be effective without completely knowing the transmission patterns.Methods: This was a retrospective case to case study aiming to estimate and calculate the transmission rate of COVID-19 through pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Contact history of included positive cases during the period of 24 hours before appearance of symptoms and infection confirmation for symptomatic and asymptomatic cases respectively was traced for disease transmission. Results: Overall, a total of 201 cases had contacted with 7168 people in last 24 hours with an average of 35.66 contacts per patient ranging from a minimum of 4 to maximum of 87 contacts (Meetings). Out of 7168 meeting persons, the infection was traced in 64 (0.89%) persons. For 155 symptomatic patients, a total of 5611 contacting persons were traced before appearance of symptoms (pre-symptomatic) in last 24 hours with an average of 36.20 meetings per patient. The infection was transmitted in 63 (1.12%) people and remaining 5548 (98.88%) were remained uninfected. Out of the 63 transmissions, 62 (98.4%) were traced within last 6 hours before the onset of symptoms while only 1 was traced from 6-12 hours before symptoms. A total of 1557 persons were traced having meeting/contacts with asymptomatic cases in last 24 hours before their infection confirmation. Out of these 1557 persons, only 1 was found to be infected and the infection rate was calculated to be 0.06%. Conclusion: The study concludes that the risk of pre-symptomatic transmission of infection is low (1.12%) and it becomes very rare in contacts made longer than 6 hours before onset of symptoms. The infection transmission is traced as long as about 9 hours before the appearance of clear symptoms in the patients but the incidence was as low as about 0.02% of the total contacts in that period. Transmission frequency by asymptomatic patients is also rare (0.06%) in the studied population.
Effects of Dietary Intake and Supplementation of Indigenous Probiotic Lactobacillus Plantarum Dad-13 on Body Mass Index, Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid, and Gut Microbiota of Undernourished Children in East Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Endang , Mustangin Ahmad , Suharman Suharman , Elvira Ilian , Mariyatun Mariyatun , Pamungkaningtyas Fathyah Hanum , Hasan Pratama Nur , Utami Tyas , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur , Juffrie Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Malnutrition has been a global public health problem, jeopardizing children growth and constituting a major cause of death in children in developing countries, including Indonesia. Malnourished person tends to have abnormal gut microbiota. Probiotics supplementation can be considered as one of preventative measures against imbalanced gut microbiota and pathogenic bacteria to enable optimum nutrition absorption. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary intake and supplementation of powder of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 to undernourished children in East Lombok, Indonesia on their body mass index (BMI), faecal short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota. This study was performed in a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled design, involving 40 children aged 10-12 years old, with BMI/age ratio ≤ -2 standard deviation (SD). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups namely placebo and probiotic group. The placebo group consumed 1 gram of skimmed milk daily while the probiotic group consumed 1 gram of skimmed milk containing 1x109 CFU/gram of L. plantarum Dad-13 daily, with consumption period of 60 days for both groups. The result showed that dietary intakes of both groups were below recommended value (<70%). Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium significantly increased after probiotic consumption while Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella pneumonia significantly reduced. Short-chain fatty acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate) significantly increased in probiotic group, which consequently lowered pH level. Subsequently, a significant increase was observed in body weight and height in both groups at the end of the study. Only BMI of probiotic group increased after consumption of probiotics.
Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor on Biomarkers of Kidney Injury and Vascular Calcification in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Trakarnvanich Thananda , Satirapoj Bancha , Suraamornkul Sawangjit , Chiranantawat Thanit , Sanpatchayapong Anoma , Chaimon Torpong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve glycemic control and have pleiotropic effects on kidney injury, albuminuria and vascular inflammation, especially in animal models. We plan to evaluate the effects of a potent DPP4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) on these processes in diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 201 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to a group treated with 50 mg gemigliptin daily with standard care of diabetes mellitus for 6 months. The changes in coronary calcium score (CAC score), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), vascular calcification and tubular renal injury markers were evaluated at baseline and 6 months.Results: In total, 182 patients completed the study. Significant reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels were observed in both groups. The changes in CAC score, CAVI, estimated GFR and proteinuria over the 6 months of the study did not significantly differ between the groups. However, biomarkers of vascular calcification, including serum bone alkaline phosphatase, and kidney injury, including urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/Cr and urine liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP)/Cr, were improved significantly in the gemigliptin treatment group compared to the control group. No serious adverse event was observed during the study.Conclusion: Our study shows that gemigliptin significantly improves renal tubular injury biomarkers and vascular calcification in patients with diabetic nephropathy; however, gemigliptin does not affect renal function or coronary calcification compared with the control. A larger and longer follow-up will be essential to determine these beneficial effects.Clinical trialsClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT04705506
Endosomal acidification inhibitors broadly inhibit influenza virus and coronavirus in vivo
Authors: Zhao Hanjun , Lam Hoiyan , Zhou Xinxin , Peng Zheng , Chan Jasper , Sit Ko-Yung , Au Wing-Kuk , Kao Richard , To Kelvin , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Influenza virus, coronavirus, and drug-resistant viruses are long-term threats to public health because of lacking effective antivirals. Thus, chemicals with broad-spectrum antiviral activities and low possibility to induce drug resistance are urgently needed. Here, we identify a peptidic inhibitor P16 significantly inhibiting influenza A/B virus by binding to HA to block viral fusion. Moreover, P16 antagonizes endosomal acidification to suppress influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 entry through the endocytic pathway. Importantly, endosomal acidification inhibitor P16 or chloroquine can broadly inhibit A(H1N1) virus, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replication in mice and hamsters when administrated through intranasal inoculation or atomization inhalation, contrary to reported treatment failure by systemic route. Chloroquine can significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in ex vivo human lung tissues. In conclusion, endosomal acidification inhibitors (P16 and chloroquine) can broadly inhibit influenza virus and coronavirus replication in vivo, which supports atomization inhalation of chloroquine for treating coronavirus and influenza patients in clinical trials.
Optimization of 3D Inlay Mode of “Z-Pins Like” V0.9-Si0.1 Rods and Their Improvement Effect on the Anti-Ablative Performance of&nbsp;C/C-ZrC-SiC
Authors: Tian Tian , Sun Wei , Qing Xin , Chu Yuhao , Chen Haikun , Liu Yufeng , Xiong Xiang , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neoteric “Z-pins like” vanadium0.9-silicon0.1 rods (V0.9-Si0.1 rods) as polybasic multiphase oxide compensators were prepared to improve the anti-ablation of C/C-ZrC-SiC over 2500 °C. The microstructure and improvement effect on the anti-ablation of different C/C-ZrC-SiC surface were investigated. Results show that the density of “Z-pins like” V0.9-Si0.1 rod was effectively improved after adding Si. When ablation time was less than 180 s, “Z-pins like” V0.9-Si0.1 rods perpendicular to non-woven cloth layer presented the best improvement of the anti-ablation performance by liquid/gaseous multicomponent oxide compensation. However, when ablation time was greater than 180 s, “Z-pins like” V0.9-Si0.1 rods perpendicular to non-woven cloth layer increased another harm that weaken the anti-ablative performance of C/C-ZrC-SiC, namely, the corrosion damage of oxide layer on the matrix surface caused by excessive oxide melt. Therefore, there is a best improvement of the anti-ablation performance of “Z-pins like” V0.9-Si0.1 rods parallel to non-woven cloth layer.