bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between the metabolic syndrome and iron status in pre- and postmenopausal women: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2012
Authors: Yun Seonhye , Nguyen Hai Duc , Park Jong Seon , Oh Chorong , Kim Min-Sun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aim to determine the association between Fe status and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) during menopause. Records of 1069 premenopausal and 703 postmenopausal Korean women were retrieved from the database of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V 2012) and analysed. The association between the MetS and Fe status was performed using multivariable-adjusted analyses, subsequently develop a prediction model for the MetS by margin effects. We found that the risk of Fe depletion among postmenopausal women was lower than premenopausal women (PR = 0·813, 95 % CI 0·668, 0·998,P= 0·038). The risk of the MetS was 2·562-fold lower among premenopausal women with than without Fe depletion (PR = 0·390, 95 % CI 0·266, 0·571,P< 0·001). In contrast, the risk of the MetS tended to be higher among postmenopausal women with than without Fe depletion (PR = 1·849, 95 % CI 1·406, 2·432,P< 0·001). When the serum ferritin levels increased, the risk of the MetS increased in both premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. The margin effects showed that an increase in serum Hb and ferritin was associated with an increase in the risk of the MetS according to menopausal status and age group. Therefore, ferritin is the most validated and widely used Fe marker, could be a potential clinical value in predicting and monitoring the MetS during menopause. Further prospective or longitudinal studies, especially, clinically related studies on menopause and Fe status, are needed to clarify the causality between serum ferritin levels and the MetS that could offer novel treatments for the MetS.
Increasing resolution in the mechanisms of resolve
Authors: Bulley Adam , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ainslie offers an encompassing and compelling account of willpower, although his big-picture view comes occasionally at the cost of low resolution. We comment on ambiguity in the metacognitive and prospective mechanisms of resolve implicated in recursive self-prediction. We hope to show both the necessity and promise of specifying testable cognitive mechanisms of willpower.
Evolving resolve
Authors: Veit Walter , Spurrett David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The broad spectrum revolution brought greater dependence on skill and knowledge, and more demanding, often social, choices. We adopt Sterelny's account of how cooperative foraging paid the costs associated with longer dependency, and transformed the problem of skill learning. Scaffolded learning can facilitate cognitive control including suppression, whereas scaffolded exchange and trade, including inter-temporal exchange, can help develop resolve.
Suppression, resolve, and habit in everyday financial behaviour
Authors: Lea Stephen E. G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Everyday financial behaviour involves inter-temporal choices, between saving, spending, and debt. Consumers do not always take these decisions to their best advantage. Ainslie's analysis of the means to willpower as suppression, resolve, and habit is potentially applicable to understanding and improving the decisions that consumers make. Some relevant research on these topics exists, and it is briefly reviewed here.
Do existing real-world data sources generate suitable evidence for the HTA of medical devices in Europe? Mapping and critical appraisal
Authors: Pongiglione Benedetta , Torbica Aleksandra , Blommestein Hedwig , de Groot Saskia , Ciani Oriana , Walker Sarah , Dams Florian , Blankart Rudolf , Mollenkamp Meilin , Kovács Sándor , Tarricone Rosanna , Drummond Mike 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aim
Technological and computational advancements offer new tools for the collection and analysis of real-world data (RWD). Considering the substantial effort and resources devoted to collecting RWD, a greater return would be achieved if real-world evidence (RWE) was effectively used to support Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and decision making on medical technologies. A useful question is: To what extent are RWD suitable for generating RWE?

Methods
We mapped existing RWD sources in Europe for three case studies: hip and knee arthroplasty, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and mitral valve repair (TMVR), and robotic surgery procedures. We provided a comprehensive assessment of their content and appropriateness for conducting the HTA of medical devices. The identification of RWD sources was performed combining a systematic search on PubMed with gray literature scoping, covering fifteen European countries.

Results
We identified seventy-one RWD sources on arthroplasties; ninety-five on TAVI and TMVR; and seventy-seven on robotic procedures. The number, content, and integrity of the sources varied dramatically across countries. Most sources included at least one health outcome (97.5%), with mortality and rehospitalization/reoperation the most common; 80% of sources included resource outcomes, with length of stay the most common, and comparators were available in almost 70% of sources.

Conclusions
RWD sources bear the potential for the HTA of medical devices. The main challenges are data accessibility, a lack of standardization of health and economic outcomes, and inadequate comparators. These findings are crucial to enabling the incorporation of RWD into decision making and represent a readily available tool for getting acquainted with existing information sources.
Transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus by exclusive venous access under echocardiographic guidance without angiography
Authors: Deraz Salem , Tawfik Mohamed , Kotit Susy , Elafifi Abdelrahman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The standard transcatheter technique to profile the patent ductus arteriosus requires arterial access through the femoral artery and is associated with arterial complications, longer fluoroscopic time, contrast volume, and longer hospital stay.Aim of the study:To compare exclusive transvenous access with the standard procedures for patent ductus arteriosus closure and evaluate whether exclusive venous approach is a safe and effective alternative.Methods:A total of 320 patients were included. A detailed echocardiographic evaluation of the duct morphology was performed. Patients were classified into group 1 included patients who underwent exclusive femoral venous access, without any injections of contrast media and group 2 included patients who underwent arterial and venous access.Results:Arterial access was achieved in 210 (65.6%). Successful closure of patent ductus arteriosus was achieved in 109 (99.1%) patients in group 1 and in 203 (96.7%) patients in group 2. The patent ductus arteriosus was large and was referred for surgical closure in one patient from group 1 and 7 patients from group 2. Residual patent ductus arteriosus was seen in 6 cases from group 1 (5.4%) and 12 patients from group 2 (5.7%). None of the cases in group 1 had vascular complications, while vascular complications were seen in 20 cases, all of them in group 2 (9.5%). Nonvascular complications were seen in one patient from group 1 (0.9%) and 15 patients in group 2 (7.1%). The procedure time and fluoroscopy times were less in patients with exclusive transvenous access.Conclusion:Patent ductus arteriosus device closure without arterial access can be accomplished safely and effectively.
Cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual reading is item specific
Authors: Lallier Marie , Martin Clara D. , Acha Joana , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe grain size of orthographic representations prompted by a consistent orthography (like Spanish or Basque) increases if reading is simultaneously learned in another language with an inconsistent orthography (like French). Here, we aimed to identify item properties that trigger this grain-size accommodation in bilingual reading. Twenty-five French–Basque and 25 Spanish–Basque bilingual children attending Grade 3 read Basque words and pseudowords containing “complex” letter clusters mapping to one sound in French but several sounds in Basque or Spanish, and “simple” letter clusters mapping to the same sound structure in all three languages. Only French speaking children read “complex” Basque words faster than “simple” ones, suggesting that they accessed multi-letter “French” units to boost lexical processing. A negative complexity effect was found for pseudowords across groups. We discuss the existence of flexible cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual reading, proposing that the grain size of orthographic representations adjusts to item-specific characteristics during reading.
THE SMOOTHNESS OF ORBITAL MEASURES ON NONCOMPACT SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: GUPTA SANJIV KUMAR , HARE KATHRYN E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet
$G/K$
be an irreducible symmetric space, where G is a noncompact, connected Lie group and K is a compact, connected subgroup. We use decay properties of the spherical functions to show that the convolution product of any
$r=r(G/K)$
continuous orbital measures has its density function in
$L^{2}(G)$
and hence is an absolutely continuous measure with respect to the Haar measure. The number r is approximately the rank of
$G/K$
. For the special case of the orbital measures,
$\nu _{a_{i}}$
, supported on the double cosets
$Ka_{i}K$
, where
$a_{i}$
belongs to the dense set of regular elements, we prove the sharp result that
$\nu _{a_{1}}\ast \nu _{a_{2}}\in L^{2},$
except for the symmetric space of Cartan class
$AI$
when the convolution of three orbital measures is needed (even though
$\nu _{a_{1}}\ast \nu _{a_{2}}$
is absolutely continuous).
Distress experienced by lung cancer patients and their family caregivers in the first year of their cancer journey
Authors: Aubin Michèle , Vézina Lucie , Verreault René , Simard Sébastien , Hudon Éveline , Desbiens Jean-François , Fillion Lise , Dumont Serge , Tourigny André , Daneault Serge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosis of cancer is emotionally threatening not only for patients but also for their family caregivers (FC) who witness and share much of the illness experience. This study compares distress experienced by lung cancer patients and their FC during the year following the diagnosis.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 206 patients recently diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer (participation rate 79.5%) and 131 FC (participation rate 63.6%) was conducted in an ambulatory oncology clinic in Quebec City (Canada). They completed validated questionnaires regarding their personal and psychological characteristics (Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale—HADS), in the first months after the diagnosis of lung cancer and after 6 and 12 months. Univariate, bivariate, and linear mixed models were conducted to compare patient and FC distress.ResultsAt baseline, 7.8% of patients reported distress (HADS total score >15) and their mean distress score was 7.0 ± 4.9 (range 0–42). In contrast, 33.6% of FC presented significant distress and their mean distress score was 12.0 ± 7.2 (P < 0.0001). Proportions of patients and FC with distress remained relatively stable at 6 and 12 months, and at every time point, FC reported higher levels of distress compared to their relative with cancer (P < 0.0001). Comparable trends were found when looking at the mean scores of distress, anxiety, and depression throughout the study.Significance of resultsBeing diagnosed with lung cancer and going through its different phases seems to affect more FC than patients. The psychological impact of such diagnosis appears early after the diagnosis and does not significantly change over time. These findings reinforce the importance for oncology teams, to include FC in their systematic distress screening program, in order to help them cope with their own feelings and be able to play their role in patient support and care throughout the cancer journey.
Morpho-agronomic traits variability, allelic polymorphism and diversity analysis of African yam bean: towards improving utilization and germplasm conservation
Authors: Animasaun David Adedayo , Adikwu Vincent Ochos , Alex Gabriel Ameh , Akinsunlola Tomi Philips , Adekola Olabisi Fatimo , Krishnamurthy Ramar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the genetic diversity of African yam bean (AYB) accessions using morphological and molecular markers. The accessions were grown, and morphological data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and multivariate analyses. Genomic DNA extracted from the accessions were amplified with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The diversity analysis was conducted using MEGA4 software. The accessions varied significantly (P < 0.05) in growth, flowering and seed-related parameters. Flowering commenced early in most accessions. Weight of 100-seed range from 15.01 to 21.15 g with the mean value of 18.30 g. Significant correlations existed between stem height, the number of leaves and leaf dimensions. Also, days to flowering correlated with pod formation; likewise, seed dimension had a positive association with seed weight. The principal biplot revealed that two components accounted for 41.77% of the observed variation. Analysis of the electropherogram showed 95 loci comprising 1351 alleles were detected by the ISSR markers with 65.26% polymorphism and combined polymorphic information content of 0.85. The principal coordinate analysis placed accessions together on a plane based on their spatial relationship. The dendrogram showed accession pairs (TSs-77, TSs-95) and (TSs-111, TSs-84) are closely related. The phylogram identified three kinships with a total length of 454. Accession TSs-115 is likely the progenitor while TSs-82 and TSs-86 are the most recent. The study concluded that a combination of morphological and ISSR markers is effective for the diversity study of AYB and the existing, genetic diversity in the accessions could be harnessed for its improvement, conservation and utilization.
Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for synthesis of reconfigurable hexagonal array antenna in two principle vertical planes
Authors: Misra Bitan , Mahanti Gautam Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study illustrates the dynamical reconfiguration of a concentric hexagonal antenna array radiation to generate a pencil beam and flat-top beam simultaneously by electronic control in two principle vertical planes under consideration. Both the beams share a common normalized optimal current excitation amplitude distribution while the optimal sets of phase excitation coefficients are varied radically across the hexagons to generate a flat-top beam. The proposed approach is able to solve the underlying multi-objective problem and flexible enough to the efficient implementation of additional design constraints in the considered φ-planes. In this paper, a set of simulation-based examples are presented in an integrated way. The outcomes validate the effectiveness of the stated optimization using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms (teaching–learning-based optimization, symbiotic organism search, multi-verse optimization) to reach the solution globally and prove actual relevance to the concerned applications.
Associations of Obesity Measurements with Serum Metabolomic Profile: A Chinese Twin Study
Authors: Liao Chunxiao , Wang Biqi , Gao Wenjing , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Wang Shengfeng , Pang Zengchang , Cong Liming , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Li Liming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate how different obesity measures link to circulating metabolites, and whether the connections are due to genetic or environmental factors. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on follow-up survey data at the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), which was conducted in four areas of China (Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan) in 2013. The survey collected detailed questionnaire information and conducted physical examinations, fasting blood sampling and untargeted metabolomic measurements among 439 adult twins. Linear regression models and bioinformatics analysis were used to examine the relation of obesity measures, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with serum metabolite levels and related pathways. A co-twin control study was additionally conducted among 15 obesity-discordant monozygotic (MZ) pairs (intrapair BMI difference >3 kg/m2) to examine any differences in metabolites controlling for genetic factors. Eleven metabolites were associated with BMI, WC and WHR after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors. Pathway analysis identified pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism, purine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis that were associated with obesity. A wide range of unfavorable alterations in the serum metabolome was associated with obesity. Obesity-discordant twin analysis suggests that these associations are independent of genetic liability.
Intensification of Westerly Wind Bursts Caused by the Coupling of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation to SST During El Niño Onset and Development
Authors: Liang Yu , Fedorov Alexey V. , Haertel Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) plays an important role in El Niño dynamics in connection with westerly wind bursts (WWBs) that occur in the equatorial Pacific; however, our understanding of the relationship between these climate phenomena remains incomplete. Here, we use a Lagrangian Atmospheric Model (LAM) to examine the response of the MJO and resulting WWBs to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies similar to those observed during the onset and development of El Niño. We find that when a localized SST anomaly (≤1°C) is imposed in the western‐central equatorial Pacific between December and April (mimicking El Niño onset), the MJO convective envelope shifts from the southern hemisphere toward the equator. When an SST anomaly (≤1.5°C) is imposed in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific between May and November (mimicking El Niño development), the MJO weakens in the northwestern Pacific, but strengthens in the central equatorial Pacific. In both experiments, the ensuing changes enhance MJO activity along the equator, facilitating WWBs.
Effects of Water Retention Curves and Permeability Equations on the Prediction of Relative Air Permeability
Authors: Yang Zhenlei , Mohanty Binayak P. , Tong Xin , Kuang Xingxing , Li Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAppropriate simulation of air flow in porous media needs an accurate estimate of relative air permeability (RAP). Combining 2 traditional and 2 fractal water retention curves (WRCs) respectively with 6 permeability equations, we obtained 12 statistical and 12 fractal RAP models. All these models were subsequently tested with 31 experimental datasets of disturbed soils to examine their predictive ability for RAP. Results showed that irrespective of using traditional or fractal WRCs, the six permeability equations exhibit consistent performances for RAP prediction. The modified Burdine (Yang & Mohanty, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016190) permeability equation best fits the published soil data. In addition, the selection of a proper permeability equation is critical for accurately predicting the RAP, whereas the choice of WRCs has little effect on RAP prediction. This finding suggests that for disturbed soils, air permeability is primarily dictated by the pore tortuosity‐connectivity but not the pore size distribution inferred from the WRCs.
Identifying challenges in neurofibromatosis: a modified Delphi procedure
Authors: Dhaenens Britt A. E. , Ferner Rosalie E. , Bakker Annette , Nievo Marco , Evans D. Gareth , Wolkenstein Pierre , Potratz Cornelia , Plotkin Scott R. , Heimann Guenter , Legius Eric , Oostenbrink Rianne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are rare conditions with pronounced variability of clinical expression. We aimed to reach consensus on the most important manifestations meriting the development of drug trials. The five-staged modified Delphi procedure consisted of two questionnaires and a consensus meeting for 40 NF experts, a survey for 63 patient representatives, and a final workshop. In the questionnaires, manifestations were scored on multiple items on a 4-point Likert scale. The highest average scores for NF experts deciding the ‘need for new treatment’ were for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) (4,0) and high grade glioma (HGG) (3,9) for NF1; meningioma (3,9) for NF2 and pain (3,9) for SWN. The patient representatives assigned high scores to all manifestations, with plexiform neurofibroma being highest in NF1 (4,0), vestibular schwannoma in NF2 (4,0), and pain in SWN (3,9). Twelve experts participated in the consensus meeting and prioritised manifestations. MPNST was ranked the highest for NF1, followed by benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Tumour manifestations received highest ranking in NF2, and pain was the most prominent problem for SWN. Patient representative ratings for NF1 were similar to the experts’ opinions, except that they ranked HGG as the most important manifestation. For NF2 and SWN, the patient representatives agreed with the experts. We conclude that NF experts and patient representatives consent to prioritise development of drug trials for MPNST, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours, cutaneous manifestations and HGG for NF1; tumours for NF2; and pain for SWN.
A simple and effective method for the accurate extraction of kinetic parameters using differential Tafel plots
Authors: Khadke Prashant , Tichter Tim , Boettcher Tim , Muench Falk , Ensinger Wolfgang , Roth Christina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe practice of estimating the transfer coefficient ($$\alpha$$
α
) and the exchange current ($${i}_{0}$$

i
0

) by arbitrarily placing a straight line on Tafel plots has led to high variance in these parameters between different research groups. Generating Tafel plots by finding kinetic current, $${i}_{k}$$

i
k

from the conventional mass transfer correction method does not guarantee an accurate estimation of the $$\alpha$$
α
and $${i}_{0}$$

i
0

. This is because a substantial difference in values of $$\alpha$$
α
and $${i}_{0}$$

i
0

can arise from only minor deviations in the calculated values of $${i}_{k}$$

i
k

. These minor deviations are often not easy to recognise in polarisation curves and Tafel plots. Recalling the IUPAC definition of $$\alpha$$
α
, the Tafel plots can be alternatively represented as differential Tafel plots (DTPs) by taking the first order differential of Tafel plots with respect to overpotential. Without further complex processing of the existing raw data, many crucial observations can be made from DTP which is otherwise very difficult to observe from Tafel plots. These for example include a) many perfectly looking experimental linear Tafel plots (R2 > 0.999) can give rise to incorrect kinetic parameters b) substantial differences in values of $$\alpha$$
α
and $${i}_{0}$$

i
0

can arise when the limiting current ($${i}_{L}$$

i
L

) is just off by 5% while performing the mass transfer correction c) irrespective of the magnitude of the double layer charging current ($${i}_{\mathrm{c}}$$

i
c

), the Tafel plots can still get significantly skewed when the ratio of $${i}_{0}/{i}_{c}$$

i
0

/

i
c

is small. Hence, in order to determine accurate values of $$\alpha$$
α
and $${i}_{0}$$

i
0

, we show how the DTP approach can be applied to experimental polarisation curves having well defined $${i}_{L}$$

i
L

, poorly defined $${i}_{L}$$

i
L

and no $${i}_{L}$$

i
L

at all.