bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vorsprung durch Technik? Zur Rolle von Technikbereitschaft und Technikausstattung für das Studieren von zuhause
Authors: Karapanos Marios , Hawlitschek Patrick 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn der Coronapandemie müssen Studentinnen und Studenten stärker denn je für das Studium auf Technik zurückgreifen. Bislang ist unklar, welche differentiellen Effekte sich durch interindividuelle Unterschiede in der technischen Ausstattung und in der Bereitschaft zum Umgang mit Technik für die Bewältigung von Studienanforderungen und die Zufriedenheit mit den angebotenen Lernmedien ergeben. Die Analyse von Befragungsdaten (N = 3332) mit Hilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen zeigt, dass beide Ressourcen interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Bewältigung von Lernaktivitäten (ΔR2 = 0,11), der Studienorganisation (ΔR2 = 0,16) und in der Zufriedenheit mit den digitalen Lernmedien (ΔR2 = 0,13) erklären. Technische Ausstattung und Technikbereitschaft erweisen sich dabei für die Bewältigung der untersuchten Studienanforderungen als vergleichbar bedeutsam. Die Zufriedenheit mit den digitalen Lernmedien hingegen scheint stärker an die technische Ausstattung gebunden zu sein. Die Ergebnisse erweitern den derzeit an Hochschulen stattfindenden Diskurs über gute digitale Hochschullehre und verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, Lehren und Lernen an Ressourcen der Studentinnen und Studenten auszurichten.
Rechtsextreme Muslimhetze: Die Instrumentalisierung von Religion als Vote-Seeking-Strategie der AfD
Authors: Bitzl Christoph , Kurze Michael 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie AfD setzt in ihrer Identitätskonstruktion zunehmend auf einen populistischen Gegensatz zwischen „christlich-jüdischem Abendland“ und „dem Islam“, obwohl sie sich weder durch eine besondere Nähe zur Kirche und christlichen Wähler:innen noch zur jüdischen Gemeinde auszeichnet. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt anhand einer Analyse von Programmen, Äußerungen und weiteren Veröffentlichungen, dass sich die Partei einer bestehenden Muslimfeindlichkeit in der Bevölkerung bedient und Religion zum Zweck der nativistischen Mobilisierung und Stimmenmaximierung instrumentalisiert. Sowohl der Islam als auch Christentum und Judentum werden zum Träger inhärenter kultureller Merkmale umgedeutet und damit von ihrer religiösen Bedeutung losgelöst. Dabei bedient sich die AfD in ihren essenzialisierenden Zuschreibungen einer antimuslimisch-rassistischen Rhetorik. Durch die Einbettung in einen „Kampf der Kulturen“ schafft es die Partei, ihre mitunter rechtsextremen nativistischen Positionen, die sich vor allem in antipluralistischen Haltungen und einer Unterminierung der Religionsfreiheit zeigen, als Verteidigung liberaler christlich-aufgeklärter Werte, gar als Philosemitismus, zu verklausulieren. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Islamisierung der Debatten und die gleichzeitige Berufung auf ein „christlich-jüdisches“ Erbe einem wahltaktischen Kalkül zur Stimmenmaximierung folgt, das über einen vermeintlich drohenden Identitätsverlust den rechten Rand und die bürgerliche Mitte gleichermaßen inkludiert, während man sich selbst vom Vorwurf des Rechtsextremismus freispricht.
A project-based purchasing portfolio matrix applied to the Australian construction industry
Authors: Bildsten Louise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor a project to be delivered on-time and to an agreed cost in accordance with the specification, it is important to have an appropriate purchasing strategy. A project succeeds due to many factors, one of which is cost alongside timely delivery and quality. Formal purchasing strategies for different purchasing categories are common in the manufacturing industry, but less so in a project-based industry such as construction. The paper argues that purchasing strategies suited to the project-based nature of construction would improve project delivery and other success factors. The purpose of this study is to determine if a matrix could assist companies in the project-based industry to formulating their purchasing strategies. Case studies of five Australian construction companies’ purchasing practises were undertaken to support this work. There is evidence that, to remain competitive, it is necessary for companies to develop a network of well-established relationships with suppliers and subcontractors. Purchasing strategies need to be adapted to each purchasing situation as projects are rarely, if ever, the same. It is necessary, therefore, to adopt an approach that combines the best commercial deal and most effective collaboration.
Conditional loyalty and its implications for pricing
Authors: De Francesco Massimo A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBertrand–Edgeworth competition has recently been analyzed under imperfect buyer mobility, as a game in which, once prices are chosen, a static buyer subgame (BS) is played where the buyers choose which seller to visit (see, e.g., Burdett et al. in J Political Econ 109:1060–1085, 2001). Our paper considers a symmetric duopoly where two buyers play a two-stage BS of imperfect information after price setting. An “assessment equilibrium” of the BS is shown to exist in which, with prices at the two firms sufficiently close to each other, the buyers keep loyal if previously served. Conditional loyalty is proved to increase the duopolists’ market power: at the corresponding subgame perfect equilibrium of the entire game, the uniform price is higher than that corresponding to the equilibrium of the BS in which the buyers are persistently randomizing.
Applying reinforcement learning to plan manufacturing material handling
Authors: Govindaiah Swetha , Petty Mikel D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApplying machine learning methods to improve the efficiency of complex manufacturing processes, such as material handling, can be challenging. The interconnectedness of the multiple components that make up real-world manufacturing processes and the typically very large number of variables required to specify procedures and plans within them combine to make it very difficult to map the details of such processes to a formal mathematical representation suitable for conventional optimization methods. Instead, in this work reinforcement learning was applied to produce increasingly efficient plans for material handling in representative manufacturing facilities. Doing so included defining a formal representation of a realistically complex material handling plan, specifying a set of suitable plan change operators as reinforcement learning actions, implementing a simulation-based multi-objective reward function that considers multiple components of material handling costs, and abstracting the many possible material handling plans into a state set small enough to enable reinforcement learning. Experimentation with multiple material handling plans on two separate factory layouts indicated that reinforcement learning could consistently reduce the cost of material handling. This work demonstrates the applicability of reinforcement learning with a multi-objective reward function to realistically complex material handling processes.
DEGREES OF RANDOMIZED COMPUTABILITY
Authors: HÖLZL RUPERT , PORTER CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this survey we discuss work of Levin and V’yugin on collections of sequences that are non-negligible in the sense that they can be computed by a probabilistic algorithm with positive probability. More precisely, Levin and V’yugin introduced an ordering on collections of sequences that are closed under Turing equivalence. Roughly speaking, given two such collections
$\mathcal {A}$
and
$\mathcal {B}$
,
$\mathcal {A}$
is below
$\mathcal {B}$
in this ordering if
$\mathcal {A}\setminus \mathcal {B}$
is negligible. The degree structure associated with this ordering, the Levin–V’yugin degrees (or
$\mathrm {LV}$
-degrees), can be shown to be a Boolean algebra, and in fact a measure algebra. We demonstrate the interactions of this work with recent results in computability theory and algorithmic randomness: First, we recall the definition of the Levin–V’yugin algebra and identify connections between its properties and classical properties from computability theory. In particular, we apply results on the interactions between notions of randomness and Turing reducibility to establish new facts about specific LV-degrees, such as the LV-degree of the collection of 1-generic sequences, that of the collection of sequences of hyperimmune degree, and those collections corresponding to various notions of effective randomness. Next, we provide a detailed explanation of a complex technique developed by V’yugin that allows the construction of semi-measures into which computability-theoretic properties can be encoded. We provide two examples of the use of this technique by explicating a result of V’yugin’s about the LV-degree of the collection of Martin-Löf random sequences and extending the result to the LV-degree of the collection of sequences of DNC degree.
The marriage age U-shape
Authors: Jelnov Pavel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I address the U-shaped dynamics (a decrease followed by an increase) in the age at first marriage during the twentieth century. First, I show that the U-shaped dynamics have been steeper in Western that in other countries. Second, I find that these dynamics in the West are strongly related to the post-World War II (WWII) economic growth. By contrast, in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries age of marriage was much less correlated across Western countries. I propose a simple model where age of marriage is a function of search frictions and married women's labor force participation. Both factors put together generate U-shaped dynamics as a result of an industrial boom that mimics the post-WWII Western economic development.
MEAGER-ADDITIVE SETS IN TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
Authors: ZINDULKA ONDŘEJ 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy the Galvin–Mycielski–Solovay theorem, a subset X of the line has Borel’s strong measure zero if and only if
$M+X\neq \mathbb {R}$
for each meager set M.A set
$X\subseteq \mathbb {R}$
is meager-additive if
$M+X$
is meager for each meager set M. Recently a theorem on meager-additive sets that perfectly parallels the Galvin–Mycielski–Solovay theorem was proven: A set
$X\subseteq \mathbb {R}$
is meager-additive if and only if it has sharp measure zero, a notion akin to strong measure zero.We investigate the validity of this result in Polish groups. We prove, e.g., that a set in a locally compact Polish group admitting an invariant metric is meager-additive if and only if it has sharp measure zero. We derive some consequences and calculate some cardinal invariants.
Evaluation of a “tummy time” intervention to improve motor skills in infants after cardiac surgery
Authors: Uzark Karen , Smith Cynthia , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Tapley Christopher , Romano Jennifer C. , Butcher Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Infants who require open heart surgery are at increased risk for developmental delays including gross motor impairments which may have implications for later adaptive skills and cognitive performance. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a tummy time intervention to improve motor skill development in infants after cardiac surgery.Methods:Infants <4 months of age who underwent cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to tummy time with or without outpatient reinforcement or standard of care prior to hospital discharge. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was administered to each infant prior to and 3 months after discharge. Groups were compared, and the association between parent-reported tummy time at home and change in motor scores at follow-up was examined.Results:Parents of infants (n = 64) who had cardiac surgery at a median age of 5 days were randomly assigned to tummy time instruction (n = 20), tummy time + outpatient reinforcement (n = 21) or standard of care (n = 23). Forty-nine (77%) returned for follow-up. At follow-up, reported daily tummy time was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.17). Fifteen infants had <15 minutes of tummy time daily. Infants who received >15 minutes of tummy time daily had a significantly greater improvement in motor scores than infants with <15 minutes of tummy time daily (p = 0.01).Conclusion:In infants following cardiac surgery, <15 minutes of tummy time daily is associated with increased motor skill impairment. Further research is needed to elucidate the best strategies to optimise parental compliance with tummy time recommendations.
Impact of Assimilating High‐Resolution Atmospheric Motion Vectors on Convective Scale Short‐Term Forecasts: 1. Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE)
Authors: Zhao Juan , Gao Jidong , Jones Thomas A. , Hu Junjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research investigates to what extent the high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) product derived from the new‐generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites‐Series R can benefit convective‐scale data assimilation (DA) and forecasts of potential high impact weather events. In the first part of this two‐part study, the impact of AMV DA on convective‐scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) is evaluated with an idealized supercell storm. The simulated AMV observations are synthesized from the idealized supercell storm generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model and then the data are assimilated with a three‐dimensional variational analysis and forecast system. A baseline DA experiment demonstrates that the wind errors within and around the storms are remarkably reduced by assimilating the AMV data, consequently enhancing the storm top‐level divergence and low‐level convergence signatures associated with two strong splitting supercells. Three sets of sensitivity experiments are then performed to test the impact of observation resolution, DA cycling frequency and horizontal correlation length scale respectively. Generally, assimilating higher‐spatial‐resolution AMVs at higher cycling frequency is able to produce reasonable divergence analysis as well as the subsequent 90 min forecasts. However, too frequent DA cycling tends to produce a warm bias and overestimate nonprecipitating hydrometeor and storm‐relative helicity features, resulting in more spurious cells in the short‐term forecasts. It is also found that the correlation length scale of 20 km produces the best results when assimilating the AMV data.
Solution-processable electrode-material embedding in dynamically inscribed nanopatterns (SPEEDIN) for continuous fabrication of durable flexible devices
Authors: Lee Wonseok , Chae Hyoungseok , Oh Dong Kyo , Lee Minyoung , Chun Hyunsoo , Yeon Gyubeom , Park Jaewon , Kim Joohoon , Youn Hongseok , Rho Junsuk , Ok Jong G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA facile and scalable lithography-free fabrication technique, named solution-processable electrode-material embedding in dynamically inscribed nanopatterns (SPEEDIN), is developed to produce highly durable electronics. SPEEDIN uniquely utilizes a single continuous flow-line manufacturing process comprised of dynamic nanoinscribing and metal nanoparticle solution coating with selective embedding. Nano- and/or micro-trenches are inscribed into arbitrary polymers, and then an Ag nanoparticle solution is dispersed, soft-baked, doctor-bladed, and hard-baked to embed Ag micro- and nanowire structures into the trenches. Compared to lithographically embossed metal structures, the embedded SPEEDIN architectures can achieve higher durability with comparable optical and electrical properties and are robust and power-efficient even under extreme stresses such as scratching and bending. As one tangible application of SPEEDIN, we demonstrate a flexible metal electrode that can operate at 5 V at temperatures up to 300 °C even under the influence of harsh external stimuli. SPEEDIN can be applied to the scalable fabrication of diverse flexible devices that are reliable for heavy-duty operation in harsh environments involving high temperatures, mechanical deformations, and chemical hazards.
The Effect of Duration of Lenalidomide Maintenance and Outcomes of Different Salvage Regimens in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Authors: Ho Matthew , Zanwar Saurabh , Kapoor Prashant , Gertz Morie , Lacy Martha , Dispenzieri Angela , Hayman Suzanne , Dingli David , Baudi Francis , Muchtar Eli , Leung Nelson , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Fonder Amie , Hwa Lisa , Hobbs Miriam , Kyle Robert , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe optimal duration of lenalidomide maintenance post-autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in Multiple Myeloma (MM), and choice of therapy at relapse post-maintenance, need further evaluation. This retrospective study assessed outcomes of patients with MM (n = 213) seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between 1/1/2005–12/31/2016 who received lenalidomide maintenance post-ASCT. The median PFS was 4 (95% CI: 3.4, 4.5) years from diagnosis of MM; median OS was not reached (5-year OS: 77%). Excluding patients who stopped lenalidomide maintenance within 3 years due to progression on maintenance, ≥3 years of maintenance had a superior 5-year OS of 100% vs. 85% in <3 years (p = 0.011). Median PFS was 7.2 (95% CI: 6, 8.5) years in ≥3 years vs. 4.4 (95% CI: 4.3, 4.5) years in <3 years (p < 0.0001). Lenalidomide refractoriness at first relapse was associated with inferior PFS2 [8.1 (95% CI: 6.4, 9.9) months vs. 19.9 (95% CI: 9.7, 30.2; p = 0.002) months in nonrefractory patients]. At first relapse post-maintenance, median PFS2 was superior with daratumumab-based regimens [18.4 (95% CI: 10.9, 25.9) months] versus regimens without daratumumab [8.9 (95% CI: 5.5, 12.3) months; p = 0.006]. Daratumumab + immunomodulatory drugs had superior median PFS2 compared to daratumumab + bortezomib [NR vs 1 yr (95% CI: 0.5, 1.5); p = 0.004].
Specific deletion of protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit in Sertoli cells leads to disruption of spermatogenesis
Authors: Lei Wen-Long , Li Yuan-Yuan , Meng Tie-Gang , Ning Yan , Sun Si-Min , Zhang Chun-Hui , Gui Yaoting , Wang Zhen-Bo , Qian Wei-Ping , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtein phosphatase 6 (PP6) is a member of the PP2A-like subfamily, which plays significant roles in numerous fundamental biological activities. We found that PPP6C plays important roles in male germ cells recently. Spermatogenesis is supported by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium. In this study, we crossedPpp6cF/Fmice withAMH-Cremice to gain mutant mice with specific depletion of thePpp6cgene in the Sertoli cells. We discovered that the PPP6C cKO male mice were absolutely infertile and germ cells were largely lost during spermatogenesis. By combing phosphoproteome with bioinformatics analysis, we showed that the phosphorylation status of β-catenin at S552 (a marker of adherens junctions) was significantly upregulated in mutant mice. Abnormal β-catenin accumulation resulted in impaired testicular junction integrity, thus led to abnormal structure and functions of BTB. Taken together, our study reveals a novel function for PPP6C in male germ cell survival and differentiation by regulating the cell-cell communication through dephosphorylating β-catenin at S552.
Autoimmmune hepatitis
Authors: Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli Benedetta , Mieli-Vergani Giorgina , Vergani Diego 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a T-cell mediated, inflammatory liver disease affecting all ages and characterized by female preponderance, elevated serum transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive circulating autoantibodies, and presence of interface hepatitis at liver histology. AIH type 1, affecting both adults and children, is defined by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies, while type 2 AIH, affecting mostly children, is defined by positive anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. While the autoantigens of type 2 AIH are well defined, being the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) and the formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), in type 1 AIH they remain to be identified. AIH-1 predisposition is conferred by possession of the MHC class II HLA DRB1*03 at all ages, while DRB1*04 predisposes to late onset disease; AIH-2 is associated with possession of DRB1*07 and DRB1*03. The majority of patients responds well to standard immunosuppressive treatment, based on steroid and azathioprine; second- and third-line drugs should be considered in case of intolerance or insufficient response. This review offers a comprehensive overview of pathophysiological and clinical aspects of AIH.
Identification of three novel TCOF1 mutations in patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Marszałek-Kruk Bożena Anna , Wójcicki Piotr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we describe three novelTCOF1mutations found in unrelated patients with Treacher Collins syndrome. These mutations include one deletion, NM_001135243.2:c.2604_2605delAG (p.Gly869Glufs*3), and two substitutions, NM_001135243.2:c.2575C>T (p.Gln859*) and NM_001135243.2:c.4111G>T (p.Glu1371*). These mutations cause shortening of a protein called Treacle in patients with features typical of TCS. Continuous identification of new mutations is important to expand the mutation base, which is helpful in the diagnosis of both patients and their families
Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography
Authors: Moskal P. , Gajos A. , Mohammed M. , Chhokar J. , Chug N. , Curceanu C. , Czerwiński E. , Dadgar M. , Dulski K. , Gorgol M. , Goworek J. , Hiesmayr B. C. , Jasińska B. , Kacprzak K. , Kapłon Ł. , Karimi H. , Kisielewska D. , Klimaszewski K. , Korcyl G. , Kowalski P. , Krawczyk N. , Krzemień W. , Kozik T. , Kubicz E. , Niedźwiecki S. , Parzych S. , Pawlik-Niedźwiecka M. , Raczyński L. , Raj J. , Sharma S. , Choudhary S. , Shopa R. Y. , Sienkiewicz A. , Silarski M. , Skurzok M. , Stępień E. Ł. , Tayefi F. , Wiślicki W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCharged lepton system symmetry under combined charge, parity, and time-reversal transformation (CPT) remains scarcely tested. Despite stringent quantum-electrodynamic limits, discrepancies in predictions for the electron–positron bound state (positronium atom) motivate further investigation, including fundamental symmetry tests. While CPT noninvariance effects could be manifested in non-vanishing angular correlations between final-state photons and spin of annihilating positronium, measurements were previously limited by knowledge of the latter. Here, we demonstrate tomographic reconstruction techniques applied to three-photon annihilations of ortho-positronium atoms to estimate their spin polarisation without magnetic field or polarised positronium source. We use a plastic-scintillator-based positron-emission-tomography scanner to record ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilations with single-event estimation of o-Ps spin and determine the complete spectrum of an angular correlation operator sensitive to CPT-violating effects. We find no violation at the precision level of 10−4, with an over threefold improvement on the previous measurement.