bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severity of Maternal Anemia and Feto-Maternal Outcome at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Junejo Raheela Rani , Memon Nousheen , Memon Nazia , Shaikh Ali Faraz , Dars Abdul Ghaffar 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the severity of anemia among pregnant women and its impact on feto-maternal outcome at tertiary care Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; conducted at gynae department of LUMHS; during 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. Women with age >15 years, visited antenatal clinic and admitted for delivery and those who were admitted through emergency with labour pain and either of parity were included. A 3 ml fresh blood sample was taken from each woman and was sent immediately to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory for the assessment of haemoglobin level. Mothers having haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, were considered as anemic. All the information regarding feto-maternal outcome, in terms of maternal and fetal complications including prolonged Hospital stays mortality were documented via self-made study proforma. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 150 pregnant women were enrolled. Maternal mean age was 26.83+4.13 years and mean gestational age was 35.96+2.61 weeks. Most of the women utilized an unsatisfactory diet. Out of all, 83(55.3%) women underwent C-sections and 67(44.7%) underwent normal vaginal deliveries. majority of the women 90(60.0%) underwent blood transfusion. Maternal anemia was highly prevalent (90.7%). Moderate anemia was most common in 64(42.7%) women, followed by mild anemia among 39(26.0%) women, and 33(22.0%) women were severely anemic, while only 14(09.3%) were found with normal haemoglobin level. According to maternal and fetal outcomes, 02.7% women had acute kidney injury, 02.0% had blood transfusion reaction, pre-eclampsia was seen in 06.0% women, 04.7% women were admitted in ICU and mortality rate was 04.7%. Pre-term birth rate was 35.3%, ABG was seen in 26.7% of the cases, early neonatal death rate was 02.0%, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was 02.7% and intrauterine death was 15.3%.
Conclusions: Severity of anemia observed to be highly prevalent in our population and found to be associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes.
Mechanochemical Reactivity of Bottlebrush and Dendronized Polymers: Solid vs. Solution States
Authors: Noh Jinkyung , Peterson Gregory I. , Choi Tae‐Lim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe explored the mechanochemical degradation of bottlebrush and dendronized polymers in solution (with ultrasonication, US) and solid states (with ball‐mill grinding, BMG). Over 50 polymers were prepared with varying backbone length and arm architecture, composition, and size. With US, we found that bottlebrush and dendronized polymers exhibited consistent backbone scission behavior, which was related to their elongated conformations in solution. Considerably different behavior was observed with BMG, as arm architecture and composition had a significant impact on backbone scission rates. Arm scission was also observed for bottlebrush polymers in both solution and solid states, but only in the solid state for dendronized polymers. Motivated by these results, multi‐mechanophore polymers with bottlebrush and dendronized polymer architectures were prepared and their reactivity was compared. Although dendronized polymers showed slower arm‐scission, the selectivity for mechanophore activation was much higher. Overall, these results have important implications to the development of new mechanoresponsive materials.
Intraskeletal consistency in patterns of vascularity within bat limb bones
Authors: Andronowski Janna M. , Cole Mary E. , Hieronymus Tobin L. , Davis Reed A. , Usher Logan R. , Cooper Lisa Noelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBats are the only mammals to have achieved powered flight. A key innovation allowing for bats to conquer the skies was a forelimb modified into a flexible wing. The wing bones of bats are exceptionally long and dynamically bend with wingbeats. Bone microarchitectural features supporting these novel performance attributes are still largely unknown. The humeri and femora of bats are typically avascular, except for large‐bodied taxa (e.g., pteropodid flying foxes). No thorough investigation of vascular canal regionalization and morphology has been undertaken as historically it has been difficult to reconstruct the 3D architecture of these canals. This study augments our understanding of the vascular networks supporting the bone matrix of a sample of bats (n = 24) of variable body mass, representing three families (Pteropodidae [large‐bodied, species = 6], Phyllostomidae [medium‐bodied, species = 2], and Molossidae [medium‐bodied, species = 1]). We employed Synchrotron Radiation‐based micro‐Computed Tomography (SRμCT) to allow for a detailed comparison of canal morphology within humeri and femora. Results indicate that across selected bats, canal number per unit volume is similar independent of body size. Differences in canal morphometry based on body size and bone type appear primarily related to a broader distribution of the canal network as cortical volume increases. Heavier bats display a relatively rich vascular network of mostly longitudinally‐oriented canals that are localized mainly to the mid‐cortical and endosteal bone envelopes. Taken together, our results suggest that relative vascularity of the limb bones of heavier bats forms support for nutrient exchange in a regional pattern.
A novel class for carbonic anhydrases inhibitors and evaluation of their non‐zinc binding
Authors: Kuzu Burak , Tan Meltem , Gülçin İlhami , Menges Nurettin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, 23 different imidazole derivatives were synthesized, and the inhibitory properties of these derivatives against carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes were investigated for the first time. The inhibition concentrations of the imidazole derivatives were found to be in the range of 2.89–115.5 nM. Docking studies examined the binding properties of the imidazole derivatives, and the structure–activity relationship is discussed. Theoretical calculations showed that the binding mode of the imidazole ring was non‐zinc binding.
Single‐access dual‐injection technique (SADIT) for high‐risk PCI with Impella CP
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Caballero Jaime A. , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Iliescu Cezar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of two arterial vascular accesses is now the standard of care in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). When Impella support is needed, an additional vascular access may be necessary. We describe the first‐in‐man single‐access, dual injection technique (SADIT). The Impella CP device was inserted in the left ventricle in the standard fashion. Subsequently, a 6 French sheath was placed at the “10 o clock” position and a second 4 French sheath was at the “5 o clock” position. This technique obviates the need for additional arterial access sites and potentially risk of complications. The SADIT technique is a simple way to perform high‐risk, Impella‐assisted coronary revascularization procedures necessitating dual coronary injections like CTO interventions. This strategy avoids unnecessary vascular complications from multiple access sites.
Macaque monkey trigeminal blink reflex circuits targeting levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons
Authors: Warren Susan , May Paul J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor normal viewing, the eyes are held open by the tonic actions of the levator palpebrae superioris (levator) muscle raising the upper eyelid. This activity is interrupted during blinks, when the eyelid sweeps down to spread the tear film or protect the cornea. We examined the circuit connecting the principal trigeminal nucleus to the levator motoneurons by use of both anterograde and retrograde tracers in macaque monkeys. Injections of anterograde tracer were made into the principal trigeminal nucleus using either a stereotaxic approach or localization following physiological characterization of trigeminal second order neurons. Anterogradely labeled axonal arbors were located both within the caudal central subdivision, which contains levator motoneurons, and in the adjacent supraoculomotor area. Labeled boutons made synaptic contacts on retrogradely labeled levator motoneurons indicating a monosynaptic connection. As the eye is also retracted through the actions of the rectus muscles during a blink, we examined whether these trigeminal injections labeled boutons contacting rectus motoneurons within the oculomotor nucleus. These were not found when the injection sites were confined to the principal trigeminal nucleus region. To identify the source of the projection to the levator motoneurons, we injected retrograde tracer into the oculomotor complex. Retrogradely labeled cells were confined to a narrow, dorsoventrally oriented cell population that lined the rostral edge of the principal trigeminal nucleus. Presumably these cells inhibit levator motoneurons, while other parts of the trigeminal sensory complex are activating orbicularis oculi motoneurons, when a blink is initiated by sensory stimuli contacting the face.
Developed configuration of stacked multicell topology with reduced DC voltage sources
Authors: Hazrati Sara , Bannae Sharifian Mohammad Bagher , Feyzi Mohammad Reza , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMultilevel inverters are considered as a suitable alternative for the two‐level topology in the medium‐voltage, high‐power applications because of the higher number of voltage levels, and, as a result, reduced harmonic distortion. One of the most critical types of multilevel inverters is the flying capacitor topology, in which the stacked multicell topology is derived from this type of multilevel inverters. This paper presents a developed configuration of the stacked multicell topology, constructed from 2m × nprimary commutation cells, which generates the output voltage of (2m × n)+1 levels. The most crucial point in the flying capacitor‐based topologies is balancing the flying capacitors' voltages, which is the primary condition of these topologies' correct operation. Also, in this topology, the number of required DC voltage sources is decreased compared to the existing multicell topology. Moreover, the developed topology can generate a higher number of voltage levels without cascading several cells. The developed multicell inverter topology is controlled based on the disposition band carrier and phase‐shifted carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DBC‐PSC‐SPWM) method. Because of this control method, the voltages of capacitors are self‐adjusted at their value. The proposed topology is simulated in different conditions using PSCAD/EMTDC software and to show the validity of the proposed topology and the control method, and simulation results are demonstrated. A laboratory‐type experimental setup is used to validate the modulation strategy and other findings.
Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: 10‐year review
Authors: Newman Jason G. , Hall Mary A. , Kurley Sarah J. , Cook Robert W. , Farberg Aaron S. , Geiger Jessica L. , Koyfman Shlomo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStandard of care for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is surgical excision of the primary lesion with clear margins when possible, and additional resection of positive margins when feasible. Even with negative margins, certain high‐risk factors warrant consideration of adjuvant therapy. However, which patients might benefit from adjuvant therapy is unclear, and supporting evidence is conflicting and limited to mostly small retrospective cohorts. Here, we review literature from the last decade regarding adjuvant radiation therapy and systemic therapy in high‐risk cSCC, including recent and current trials and the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We demonstrate evidence gaps in adjuvant therapy for high‐risk cSCC and the need for prognostic tools, such as gene expression profiling, to guide patient selection. More large‐cohort clinical studies are needed for collecting high‐quality, evidence‐based data for determining which patients with high‐risk cSCC may benefit from adjuvant therapy and which therapy is most appropriate for patient management.
The performance of heparin modified poly(ε‐caprolactone) small diameter tissue engineering vascular graft in canine—A long‐term pilot experiment in vivo
Authors: Ye Lin , Takagi Toshitaka , Tu Chengzhao , Hagiwara Akeo , Geng Xue , Feng Zengguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLong‐term in vivo observation in large animal model is critical for evaluating the potential of small diameter tissue engineering vascular graft (SDTEVG) in clinical application, but is rarely reported. In this study, a SDTEVG is fabricated by the electrospinning of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and subsequent heparin modification. SDTEVG is implanted into canine's abdominal aorta for 511 days in order to investigate its clinical feasibility. An active and robust remodeling process was characterized by a confluent endothelium, macrophage infiltrate, extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling on the explanted graft. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis further exhibit the regeneration of endothelium and smooth muscle layer on tunica intima and tunica media, respectively. Thus, long‐term follow‐up reveals viable neovessel formation beyond graft degradation. Furthermore, the von Kossa staining exhibits no occurrence of calcification. However, although no TEVG failure or rupture happens during the follow‐up, the aneurysm is found by both Doppler ultrasonic and gross observation. Consequently, as‐prepared TEVG shows promising potential in vascular tissue engineering if it can be appropriately strengthened to prevent the occurrence of aneurysm.
Cardiovascular Safety of Antifracture Medications in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review of Evidence From Randomized Studies
Authors: Rodríguez Alexander J , Abrahamsen Bo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis and cardiovascular (CV) disease share common risk factors and pathophysiology. Low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures appear to increase the risk for multiple CV diseases. Equally, prevalent CV disease appears to predispose to bone loss and increase fracture rates. This relationship has naturally provoked the hypothesis that stopping bone loss may result in some CV benefit. Secondary analyses of safety and adverse event data from many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have attempted to clarify this putative association. Recently, the discontinuation of odanacatib (anti‐cathepsin K monoclonal antibody) over stroke concerns and the imbalance in ischemic events in romosozumab‐treated (anti‐sclerostin monoclonal antibody) women compared to bisphosphonate‐treated women, has provided further justification to better characterize potential CV benefits and harms of osteoporosis medications. This review delves into the seminal, and other major RCTs of osteoporosis medications and, using both published data and additional information provided on trial registration pages, examines the evidence for CV safety and harms of these medications. Accepted and emerging “off‐target” effects are explored for validity, biological plausibility, and clinical importance. A brief research agenda is provided to stimulate the next wave of clinical development and CV understanding of osteoporosis medications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ocean warming reduces gastropod survival despite maintenance of feeding and oxygen consumption rates
Authors: Falkenberg Laura J. , Simons Dina‐Leigh , Anderson Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShort‐term, sublethal response variables are increasingly used to provide rapid indications of whole organism responses to future climate conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that these response variables may not consistently reflect whole organism responses which manifest over longer time scales. Here, we consider the effect of moderate warming on longer‐term whole organism fitness, as reflected by survival, as well as two shorter‐term response variables, feeding rate and oxygen consumption, for two tropical gastropod species. We found a significant reduction in survival under warming, despite no significant effect of warming on feeding or oxygen consumption rates. This result demonstrates that the maintenance of physiological rates alone is not sufficient to sustain organism survival under elevated temperatures; rather an increase in physiological process rates is likely required. Consequently, isolated short‐term physiological processes may not adequately reflect longer‐term whole organism responses to altered climate. For improved understanding, both short‐ and long‐term responses need to be considered.
Impact assessment of the reduction or removal of ionophores used for controlling coccidiosis in the UK broiler industry
Authors: Parker Charles Daniel , Lister Stephen Andrew , Gittins Jason 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoccidiosis is a complex parasitic disease ubiquitous in all types of poultry production. It can have both a direct effect on bird health and welfare with significant negative impacts on the production parameters and indirect effect as it predisposes to other pathogens.Ionophore coccidiostats have been used safely for over 45 years by poultry producers. Concerns have been raised that their use in livestock production could promote the development of antibiotic resistance, but their unique mode of action makes it unlikely. Conversely their removal can result in increased use of therapeutic antibiotics to treat disease posing a greater risk of antibiotic resistance development.Economic and environmental models examining the impact of the removal of ionophore coccidiostats from UK production suggest the annual cost to the broiler sector would be between £68.02–£109.95 million and result in an additional 84,000 tonnes CO2e being produced per annum.Any cost increase would make this wholesome and affordable animal protein less affordable to poorer sectors of society. Increased greenhouse gas production, demand for water and land as a result of less efficient production will impact on climate change targets.
Genicular axial pattern flap for coverage of a hind limb defect caused by dog bites in a ewe
Authors: Pappa Elena , Zacharopoulou Theodora , Georgiou Stefanos , Sideri Aikaterini , Tsioli Vassiliki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA ewe was referred with severe dog bite wounds after unsuccessful attendance in a first opinion surgery. A large, complex, contaminated wound was evident in the medial surface of the left tibia. Initial management included lavage, surgical debridement, suturing of ruptured muscles and bandaging. Staged debridement was performed repeatedly 7, 14 and 21 days after initial presentation, while open wound management was carried out for 6 weeks. When the left hind limb wound was covered with healthy granulation tissue, the defect was closed with a genicular axial pattern skin flap. Post‐operatively, antibiotics and analgesics were administered; bandages were applied. Flap tip oedema and partial thickness skin loss concerning the epidermis were observed. The ewe recovered after 40 days of post‐operative hospitalisation. On re‐examination, 1 year after initial admission, no complications or lameness was reported. Although therapeutic management required extensive surgical attention and long post‐operative care, the final outcome was favourable.
Einleitung
Authors: Koch Florian , Krellenberg Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungWie nachhaltig kann Stadtentwicklung sein? Beton, Asphalt, Abgase und Lärm prägen oftmals unser Bild von Städten. Dies steht im Zusammenhang mit hohen Versiegelungsgraden, Emissionen und Verkehrsbelastungen, die die Folge der Konzentration von Menschen, ihrer Mobilität und ihres Handelns im städtischen Raum sind.
Combined analysis of neutrino decoherence at reactor experiments
Authors: de Gouvêa André , De Romeri Valentina , Ternes Christoph A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reactor experiments are well suited to probe the possible loss of coherence of neutrino oscillations due to wave-packets separation. We combine data from the short-baseline experiments Daya Bay and the Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) and from the long baseline reactor experiment KamLAND to obtain the best current limit on the reactor antineutrino wave-packet width, σ > 2.1 × 10−4 nm at 90% CL. We also find that the determination of standard oscillation parameters is robust, i.e., it is mostly insensitive to the presence of hypothetical decoherence effects once one combines the results of the different reactor neutrino experiments.
Korn and Poincaré-Korn inequalities for functions with a small jump set
Authors: Cagnetti Filippo , Chambolle Antonin , Scardia Lucia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we prove a regularity and rigidity result for displacements in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDp, for every$$p>1$$p>1and any dimension$$n\ge 2$$n≥2. We show that a displacement in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDpwith a small jump set coincides with a$$W^{1,p}$$W1,pfunction, up to a small set whose perimeter and volume are controlled by the size of the jump. This generalises to higher dimension a result of Conti, Focardi and Iurlano. A consequence of this is that such displacements satisfy, up to a small set, Poincaré-Korn and Korn inequalities. As an application, we deduce an approximation result which implies the existence of the approximate gradient for displacements in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDp.
Pathologische Dissoziation bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Spitzer Carsten , Göbel Philipp , Wilfer Tobias , Dreyße Kathrin , Armbrust Michael , Lischke Alexander 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz der hohen Relevanz dissoziativer Phänomene bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist das Konzept der pathologischen Dissoziation bisher kaum in diesem Kontext untersucht worden. Zur Operationalisierung von pathologischer Dissoziation wurden diverse Indizes vorgeschlagen, deren klinische Nützlichkeit in der vorliegenden Studie ebenso untersucht wurde wie ihre Häufigkeit, klinischen Korrelate und prädiktive Bedeutung. Hierzu bearbeiteten 487 stationäre BPS-Patienten bei Aufnahme Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zu Dissoziation (Dissociative Experiences Scale, DES-28) sowie allgemeiner und Borderline-typischer Pathologie (Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten [PHQ-D], Borderline Symptom Liste [BSL-95]). Diejenigen Patienten, die mindestens 6 Wochen an der stationären Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) teilgenommen hatten, füllten am Ende erneut den PHQ‑D und die BSL-95 aus (n zwischen 342 und 361). Je nach Operationalisierung der Dissoziation litten zwischen knapp 20 % und 37 % der BPS-Patienten unter pathologischer Dissoziation. Diese war eng mit allgemeiner und Borderline-typischer Symptomatik bei Aufnahme assoziiert. Ein hohes Ausmaß an pathologischer Dissoziation zu Behandlungsbeginn prädizierte ein schlechteres symptombezogenes Therapieergebnis. Konsistent mit einer Vielzahl anderer Studien unterstreichen diese Befunde die Relevanz von Dissoziation bei der BPS. Die aus nur 8 Items der DES-28 bestehende DES-Taxon (DES-T) kann pathologische Dissoziation anwendungs- und auswertungsfreundlich erheben, erweist sich als mindestens ebenso relevant wie die DES-28 und hat für das symptombezogene Behandlungsergebnis sogar eine höhere prädiktive Relevanz. Daher empfiehlt sich ein Screening aller BPS-Patienten auf pathologische Dissoziation mit der DES‑T.