bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QoE column: Solving complex issues through immersive narratives
Authors: Perkis Andrew , Hameed Asim , Irshad Shafaq 
Published: March 2021

A transdisciplinary dialogue and innovative research, including technical and artistic research as well as digital humanities are necessary to solve complex issues. We need to support and produce creative practices, and engage in a critical reflection about the social and ethical dimensions of our current technology developments. At the core is an understanding that no single discipline, technology, or field can produce knowledge capable of addressing the complexities and crises of the contemporary world. Moreover, we see the arts and humanities as critical tools for understanding this hyper-complex, mediated, and fragmented global reality. As a use case, we will consider the complexity of extreme weather events, natural disasters and failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation, which are the risks with the highest likelihood of occurrence and largest global impact (World Economic Forum, 2017). Through our project, World of Wild Waters (WoWW), we are using immersive narratives and gamification to create a simpler holistic understanding of cause and effect of natural hazards by creating immersive user experiences based on real data, realistic scenarios and simulations. The objective is to increase societal preparedness for a multitude of stakeholders. Quality of Experience (QoE) modeling and assessment of immersive media experiences are at the heart of the expected impact of the narratives, where we would expect active participation, engagement and change, to play a key role [1].
Here, we present our views of immersion and presence in light of Quality of Experience (QoE). We will discuss the technical and creative considerations needed for QoE modeling and assessment of immersive media experiences. Finally, we will provide some reflections on QoE being an important building block in immersive narratives in general, and especially towards considering Extended Realities (XR) as an instantiation of Digital storytelling.
Fc-Optimized Anti-CCR8 Antibody Depletes Regulatory T Cells in Human Tumor Models
Authors: Campbell Joseph R. , McDonald Bryan R. , Mesko Paul B. , Siemers Nathan O. , Singh Priti B. , Selby Mark , Sproul Tim W. , Korman Alan J. , Vlach Logan M. , Houser Jeff , Sambanthamoorthy Sharmila , Lu Kai , Hatcher Sandra V. , Lohre Jack , Jain Renu , Lan Ruth Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in mediating tolerance to self-antigens and can repress antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, targeted depletion of tumor-resident Tregs is warranted to promote effective antitumor immunity while preserving peripheral homeostasis. Here, we propose the chemokine receptor CCR8 as one such optimal tumor Treg target. CCR8 was expressed by Tregs in both murine and human tumors, and unlike CCR4, a Treg depletion target in the clinic, CCR8 was selectively expressed on suppressive tumor Tregs and minimally expressed on proinflammatory effector T cells (Teff). Preclinical mouse tumor modeling showed that depletion of CCR8+ Tregs through an FcyR-engaging anti-CCR8 antibody, but not blockade, enabled dose-dependent, effective, and long-lasting antitumor immunity that synergized with PD-1 blockade. This depletion was tumor Treg-restricted, sparing CCR8+ T cells in the spleen, thymus, and skin of mice. Importantly, Fc-optimized, nonfucosylated (nf) anti-human CCR8 antibodies specifically depleted Tregs and not Teffs in ex vivo tumor cultures from primary human specimens. These findings suggest that anti–CCR8-nf antibodies may deliver optimal tumor-targeted Treg depletion in the clinic, providing long-term antitumor memory responses while limiting peripheral toxicities.Significance:These findings show that selective depletion of regulatory T cells with an anti-CCR8 antibody can improve antitumor immune responses as a monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies.
Cigarette Smoking, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Oshunbade Adebamike A. , Kassahun‐Yimer Wondwosen , Valle Karen A. , Hamid Arsalan , Kipchumba Rodney K. , Kamimura Daisuke , Clark Donald , White Wendy B. , DeFilippis Andrew P. , Blaha Michael J. , Benjamin Emelia J. , O’Brien Emily C. , Mentz Robert J. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Fox Ervin R. , Butler Javed , Keith Rachel J. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Marie Robertson Rose , Correa Adolfo , Hall Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Although Black adults are more likely to die from coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with White adults, few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and CHD risk among Black adults. We evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking, incident CHD, and coronary artery calcification in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study).

Methods and Results
We classified JHS participants without a history of CHD (n=4432) by self‐reported baseline smoking status into current, former (smoked at least 400 cigarettes/life) or never smokers at baseline (2000–2004). We further classified current smokers by smoking intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day [1–19 or ≥20]) and followed for incident CHD (through 2016). Hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD for each smoking group compared with never smokers were estimated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. At baseline, there were 548 (12.4%) current, 782 (17.6%) former, and 3102 (70%) never smokers. During follow‐up (median, 13.8 years), 254 participants developed CHD. After risk factor adjustment, CHD risk was significantly higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.39–3.18); the difference between former smokers and never smokers (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.0–1.90) did not achieve statistical significance. Among current smokers, we did not observe a dose‐response effect for CHD risk. Additionally, in multivariable logistic regression models with a subset of our analytic cohort, current smokers had greater odds of coronary artery calcification score >0 compared with never smokers (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.88–3.68).

Conclusions
In a large prospective cohort of Black adults, current smoking was associated with a >2‐fold increased risk of CHD over a median follow‐up of greater than a decade.
Cardio/Kidney Composite End Points: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME Trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Kraus Bettina Johanna , Zwiener Isabella , Lauer Sabine , Zinman Bernard , Fitchett David H. , Koitka‐Weber Audrey , George Jyothis T. , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Wanner Christoph , Zannad Faiez 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardio/kidney composite end points are clinically relevant but rarely analyzed in cardiovascular trials. This post hoc analysis of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) trial evaluated cardio/kidney composite end points by 2 statistical approaches.

Methods and Results
A total of 7020 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease were treated with empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg (n=4687) or placebo (n=2333) on top of standard care. Cardio/kidney composite end points studied were: (1) cardiac or kidney death, kidney failure, hospitalization for heart failure, sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥40% from baseline, or sustained progression to macroalbuminuria; (2) cardiac or kidney death, kidney failure, hospitalization for heart failure, or sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate decline ≥40% from baseline; and (3) cardiac or kidney death, kidney failure, hospitalization for heart failure, or sustained doubling in serum creatinine from baseline. Cox regression using time‐to‐first‐event analysis and win ratio (WR) using hierarchical order of events were applied. Empagliflozin reduced the risk of all cardio/kidney composites. The results varied only slightly between Cox and WR (eg, composite 1: hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.49–0.64]; WR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.53–2.02]. WR prioritizes events by clinical importance; in particular, all fatal events are evaluated, whereas Cox regression ignores deaths when preceded by nonfatal events. Of the 285 cardio/kidney deaths in the analysis, 44 to 56 (15%–20%), depending on the composite, occurred after a nonfatal event and were not evaluated in Cox regression but evaluated by the WR.

Conclusions
By considering the clinical relevance of different event types, the WR represents an appropriate method to complement the traditional time‐to‐first‐event analysis in cardio/kidney outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01131676.
Immigration & the Origins of White Backlash
Authors: Hajnal Zoltan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The success of Donald Trump's anti-immigrant campaign surprised many. But I show that it was actually a continuation of a long-standing Republican strategy that has targeted immigrants and minorities for over five decades. It is not only a long-term strategy but also a widely successful one. Analysis of the vote over time shows clearly that White Americans with anti-immigrant views have been shifting steadily toward the Republican Party for decades. The end result is a nation divided by race and outcomes that often favor Whites over immigrants and minorities.
Immigration, Race & Political Polarization
Authors: Hout Michael , Maggio Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Americans' views of immigration are substantially more positive than political discourse since 2010 might suggest. And they are becoming more positive. So too are Whites' views of Blacks, as racial resentment declined from 2010 to 2018. Views of immigration and race became more correlated over the last twenty years. And both are more correlated with political party preference now than at any time on record. While Republicans' views of immigration and their racial resentment have changed very little since 2010, Democrats' views of immigration have become far more positive and their racial resentment has declined substantially. The consequences of these trends were borne out dramatically in the 2016 presidential election. In combination, the two attitudes predict well who voted for Trump and who voted for Clinton. These trends and correlations make clear that xenophobic Americans are not ascendant, they are desperate. The dynamics of race, immigration, and polarization tilt in favor of both more immigration and a more progressive view of racial disparities.
The Unceasing Significance of Colorism: Skin Tone Stratification in the
United States
Authors: Monk Ellis P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For many decades now, social scientists have documented immense ethnoracial inequalities in the United States. Much of this work is rooted in comparing the life chances, trajectories, and outcomes of African Americans to White Americans. From health to wealth and nearly every measure of well-being, success, and thriving one can find, White Americans remain ahead of Black Americans. What this focus on ethnoracial inequality between “groups” obscures, however, is long-standing skin tone inequality within groups. In this essay, I trace the trajectory of colorism and skin tone stratification in the United States over the past century. Next, I high-light the contemporary persistence of skin tone stratification, not only among African Americans, but among Latinx and Asian Americans as well. I conclude by arguing that future research on colorism will be essential to understand comprehensively the significance of race/ethnicity in a demographically shifting United States (such as immigration and “multiraciality”).
Approaching Crisis in a Subjunctive Mode
Authors: O’Brien Kevin J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An undergraduate course in religion is an ideal place to discuss climate change, and a key task in these classrooms should be teaching students to thoughtfully and critically engage narratives used to make sense of and respond to the issue. Debates about anthropogenic climate change depend upon broad stories about the nature of reality and the place of humans within it; scholars of religion can teach skills of rigorous analysis, thoughtful tolerance, contextual understanding, and critical thinking that will help students grapple with these narratives. Students who are trained to think this way gain skills to respond to the competing facts and despair that can all-too-often make talking and teaching about climate change difficult.
Teaching Animals and Religion
Authors: Aftandilian Dave 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although animals have served as subjects and objects of religion since the Paleolithic, they are often omitted from standard religious studies courses. In this article, I discuss some best practices for introducing students to the study of animals and religion. After outlining some of the benefits of teaching about animals and religion, I explain the pros and cons of the two main approaches: by tradition or by topic. The majority of the article discusses some of the most important topics to include, as well as how best to approach several of them in terms of pedagogy and media. The final section explains the importance of bringing real animals into courses like this, and offers a variety of experiential education techniques for doing so, including contemplative practices.
„… durch das Blut des Einzelnen“
Authors: Hauck Marion Christina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In scholarly exegetical literature, there exists an important debate concerning whether Luke interprets the death of Jesus soteriologically in Luke-Acts. The passages Luke 22:19–20 and Acts 20:28 have been the centre of attention in this discussion. This essay presents a contribution to the debate by focusing on Acts 20:28: Maintaining the primary meaning of the term ἴδιος (“separate,” “distinct”) the author suggests a new translation of the prepositional phrase διὰ τοῦ αἵµατος τοῦ ἰδίου. The new reading conveys a more ecclesiological interpretation of the death of Jesus and has the advantage of being able to integrate Acts 20:28 into Luke’s wider conceptual framework.
Is It Time to Abolish the Substance of EU Citizenship Rights Test?
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is almost ten years since Ruiz Zambrano decided that Article 20 TFEU precludes national measures which deprive EU citizens of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of their citizenship rights. The CJEU has since then clarified when the substance of rights test applies. This article highlights several inconsistencies and unresolved puzzles in the case law. First, contrary to what was initially suggested, EU citizens can be deprived of the substance of their rights. Second, contrary to what initial judgments suggested, the substance of rights test is not independent of but grounded in the right to free movement. This suggests that the same level of protection can be provided to EU citizens without this test, simply by relying on EU free movement law. The paper concludes by suggesting that these deficiencies can only be resolved by reconsidering the substance of rights test altogether.
Expulsion and Article 20 TFEU: Some Practical and Conceptual Issues
Authors: Coutts Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rendón-Marín and CS permit the limitation of Article 20 TFEU rights on the basis of public security considerations. In elaborating a legal framework for this limitation, the Court of Justice draws on the body of law developed for that purpose under Article 21 TFEU rights and Chapter VI of Directive 2004/38/EC. However, the rights enjoyed by individuals on the basis of Article 20 TFEU are qualitatively different from those enjoyed under Article 21 TFEU, a difference that is not taken into account properly in the judgments of the Court. Conceptual and practical difficulties accordingly emerge. The judgments also reveal the increasing imbrication between Union law and national law in the regulation of citizenship and territory in the Union.
A Children’s Rights Perspective to Ruiz Zambrano and Chavez-Vilchez: An Examination in Light of Theory, Practice and Child Development Research
Authors: Nissen Ellen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This contribution demonstrates that the CJEU cases Ruiz Zambrano and Chavez-Vilchez are particularly significant from a children’s rights perspective. The article connects these two judgments and their implementation in the national Dutch context, with three commonplace themes from children’s rights literature; (1) the child as an equal bearer of rights, (2) the child as a distinct bearer of rights, and (3) the important role of developmental research. This perspective shows that the approach adopted by the CJEU with regard to the EU citizen child is paradigm shifting, as it breaks with dominant approaches in fundamental rights law and immigration law which historically place parental rights front and centre. The contribution demonstrates that the importance of this shift cannot be underestimated, because it provides the contested notions of children’s rights and the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) with both legitimacy and meaning.
The phonetic value of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals
Authors: Hartmann Frederik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Discussion of the exact phonetic value of the so-called ‘laryngeals’ in Proto-Indo-European has been ongoing ever since their discovery, and no uniform consensus has yet been reached. This paper aims at introducing a new method to determine the quality of the laryngeals that differs substantially from traditional techniques previously applied to this problem, by making use of deep neural networks as part of the larger field of machine learning algorithms. Phonetic environment data serves as the basis for training the networks, enabling the algorithm to determine sound features solely by their immediate phonetic neighbors. It proves possible to assess the phonetic features of the laryngeals computationally and to propose a quantitatively founded interpretation.
Tropical background and wave spectra: contribution of wave-wave interactions in a moderately nonlinear turbulent flow
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I , Shamir Ofer , Fouxon Itzhak , Paldor Nathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariability in the tropical atmosphere is concentrated at wavenumber-frequency combinations where linear theory indicates wave-modes can freely propagate, but with substantial power in between. This study demonstrates that such a power spectrum can arise from small scale convection triggering large scale waves via wave-wave interactions in a moderately turbulent fluid. Two key pieces of evidence are provided for this interpretation of tropical dynamics using a nonlinear rotating shallow water model: a parameter sweep experiment in which the amplitude of an external forcing is gradually ramped up, and also an external forcing in which only symmetric or only anti-symmetric modes are forced. These experiments do not support a commonly accepted mechanism involving the forcing projecting directly onto the wave-modes with a strong response, yet still simulate a power spectrum resembling that observed, though the linear projection mechanism could still complement the mechanism proposed here in observations. Interpreting the observed tropical power spectrum using turbulence offers a simple explanation as to why power should be concentrated at the theoretical wave-modes, and also provides a solid footing for the common assumption that the back-ground spectrum is red, even as it clarifies why there is no expectation for a turbulent cascade with a specific, theoretically derived slope such as -5/3. However it does explain why the cascade should be towards lower wavenumbers, that is an inverse energy cascade, similar to the midlatitudes even as compressible wave-modes are important for tropical dynamics.
Estimating the Travel Time and the Most Likely Path from Lagrangian Drifters
Authors: O’Malley Michael , Sykulski Adam M. , Laso-Jadart Romuald , Madoui Mohammed-Amin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide a novel method for computing the most likely path taken by drifters between arbitrary fixed locations in the ocean. We also provide an estimate of the travel time associated with this path. Lagrangian pathways and travel times are of practical value not just in understanding surface velocities, but also in modeling the transport of oceanborne species such as planktonic organisms and floating debris such as plastics. In particular, the estimated travel time can be used to compute an estimated Lagrangian distance, which is often more informative than Euclidean distance in understanding connectivity between locations. Our method is purely data driven and requires no simulations of drifter trajectories, in contrast to existing approaches. Our method scales globally and can simultaneously handle multiple locations in the ocean. Furthermore, we provide estimates of the error and uncertainty associated with both the most likely path and the associated travel time.
Mental health during COVID-19 pandemic/Baghdad Al-Karkh
Authors: Al-Jbouri Noora ABD-Al-Hussein Dawood , Mashkury Zainab Jawad Kadhim , Al-Ameri Rawa Jaafar Kadhim 
Published: March 2021

Background: This study reviewed the psychological consequences of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 and the challenges that face post-traumatic interventions. COVID-19 pandemic has multifaceted psychological effects extending social stigmatization to COVID-19 patients, resulted in delaying in medical care and hiding important medical history, particularly of travel, this in turn will increase the risk of transmission. Objectives of the study: To explore if there is significant impacts of public health emergency COVID-19 on mental health among clients attending Al/Karkh Care centers. Methods: Cross-sectional study describes the mental health status among clients attending Al-Karkh Health Centers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using mental health reports from Mental Health Unit/Al-Karkh Health Directorate, which were collected from January to August. Using (SPSS25) for statistical analysis. Statistical test Chi-square used and p value of ⩽.05 was considered significant. Results: The percentages of psychological disturbances among clients is higher throughout the first 7 months of 2019 than 2020, till August the percentage of psychological disturbances started to hike up in 2020 than in 2019 (6%), (5.4%) respectively. Throughout the months of 2020 up to August there was significant difference between male and female clients in mental disturbances p value <.0001. Conclusion: The current study found that COVID-19 pandemic is expected to raise great challenges for mental health services in health care centers and constitute a mental health risk especially to women and girls compared to men.