bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Abrus precatorius Seed Extracts On Hep2c Cells and Its Inhibitory Efficacy With Receptors Of Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Kaur Amritpal , Sharma Yash , Waidha Kamran , Ghosh Madhumita P , Kumar Anoop , Bala Kumud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a significantly higher total flavonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identified in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.
Intimate relationships among soil bacteria: actinomycetes and mycolic acid-containing bacteria
Authors: Kato Manami , Asamizu Shumpei , Onaka Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Co-culture is an efficient strategy for natural product discovery. We have used mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) Tsukamurella pumonis TP-B0596 to induce secondary metabolism by actinomycetes and have found several natural products. We also observed that MACB attached to the mycelium of Streptomyces lividans forming coaggregates during combined-culture. This stimulated interest in the interactions among actinomycetes and MACB, and we found that soil isolated cultures contained a mixture of actinomycetes and MACB. Our previously observed interactions were the result of selective screening and combination of bacteria in the lab, which warranted investigation of the existence of these interactions in the natural soil environment. Therefore, in this paper, we report the interaction between a co-isolated natural pair of actinomycetes and MACB in terms of morphology and metabolic changes. A natural pair of actinomycetes and MACB co-aggregated in liquid culture and showed metabolic changes. Interestingly, co-aggregated actinomycetes and MACB were re-isolated from soil with no obvious morphological colony differences from the colony of a single strain. The results demonstrate that there is a stochastic chance of picking colonies containing co-aggregated actinomycetes and MACB, which suggests that the pair can exist in co-aggregate form in the soil environment and interact with each other.
Research On Machining Non-Orthogonal Face Gears By Power Skiving With Tooth Flank Modification Based On Six-Axis Machine Tool
Authors: ZHENGYANG Han , CHUANG Jiang , Xiaozhong Deng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To solve the manufacturing difficulties of non-orthogonal face gear, an efficient gear machining method referred to as power skiving is proposed. The machining principle of the power skiving and the relative position between the cutter tool and the workpiece are analyzed. Then, the mathematical model of machining non-orthogonal face gears by power skiving is established and the tooth flank equation is obtained. The installation and movement mode of non-orthogonal face gears on six-axis machine tool are analyzed and the machining parameters are calculated precisely. A method of tooth flank modification on the six-axis machine tool is presented by changing the machining parameters. The meshing performance of the obtained non-orthogonal face gear is analyzed by an example. Finally, the processing test and the tooth flank measurement are carried out. The experimental results show that the non-orthogonal face gear can be machined and modified by power skiving on the proposed six-axis machine tool.
Efficacy of Combined Therapy With Nitroimidazole Drugs and Broad-spectrum Antibiotics on Intra-abdominal Infection: a 10 Years Real-world Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Liang Hongyi , Xue Gaici , Ye Jiasheng , Wen Fangfang , Ouyang Leifang , Ji Jingjing , Ji Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Abdominal infection still has a high mortality rate, and whether the combination of nitroimidazoles against obligate anaerobe could improve the outcome of abdominal infection remains controversial. Objective: This study aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics combined with nitroimidazoles in the treatment of abdominal infection. Methods: Clinical data of patients with abdominal infection who received broad-spectrum antibiotics alone (BSA) or broad-spectrum antibiotics in combination with nitroimidazole (NCBSA) at a single center from June 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust the potential differences in age, gender, APACHE II score and SOFA score of the two groups. Clinical effective rate, hospitalization days and total hospitalization costs were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, subgroup efficacy was analyzed according to disease severity (APACH II score) and whether abdominal surgery was performed. Result: A total of 149 propensity score-matched case pairs were included in this study. There was no statistical difference in clinical effective rates between the two groups (P = 0.236). The patients in BSA group had shorter hospital stays (18d vs 27d, P = 0.001) and lower hospitalization costs (85185.7 yuan vs 187898.3 yuan, P < 0.001). However, the body temperature and PCT in patients in NCBSA group were higher than those in BSA group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.045, respectively), and CRP and WBC values in NCBSA group also were higher, but there were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.105 and P = 0.170, respectively). And more patients (92 vs 38) in NCBSA group underwent abdominal surgery, which indicated the infection and clinical conditons in NCBSA group were probably more severe. Subgroup analysis showed that the severity of the disease and whether the patient suffered postoperative co-infection did not affect the therapeutic effect of the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics combined with nitroimidazoles for abdominal infection was similar to that of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone, and whether the combination of nitroimidazoles in these conditions still needs more lcinical evidence.
The Sm Gene Conferring Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot Disease Encodes a NBS-LRR Plant Resistance Protein in Tomato
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Wang Hexuan , Jiang Jingbin , Du Minmin , Li Jingfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici), is one of the most devastating diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The resistance (R) gene, Sm, conferring high resistance to S. lycopersici, was introgressed into cultivated tomatoes from the wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium (S. pimpinellifolium). Recently, several studies reported the mapping of the Sm gene. To date, however, it has not been cloned yet. Here, we cloned this resistance gene using a map-based cloning strategy. The Sm gene was mapped in a 160 kb interval of Chromosome 11 between two markers, M390 and M410, by using an F2 population from a cross between the resistant cultivar ‘Motelle’ (Mt) and susceptible line ‘Moneymaker’ (Mm). Three clustered NBS-LRR resistance genes, Solyc11g020080 (R1), Solyc11g020090 (R2) and Solyc11g020100 (R3) were identified in this interval. Nonsynonymous SNPs were identified only in the ORF of R3, supporting it may be a strong candidate gene for Sm. Furthermore, gene silencing of R3 abolished the high resistance to S. lycopersici in Motelle, demonstrating that it is the gene that confers high resistance to S. lycopersici. The clone of Sm gene will provide new opportunities for innovative breeding strategies to breed multi-resistant tomato cultivars.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Model-Based Construction For Molecular Clustering and Prognostic Assessment of Squamous Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Yang Xi-Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Exploring nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) model-based clustering and prognostic modeling of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The transcriptome microarray data of HNSCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, and NMF clustering was constructed using the R software package. Relevant prognostic models were developed based on clustering. Results: Based on NMF, all samples were divided into 2 subgroups. Predictive models were constructed by analysing the differential gene between the two subgroups. Results of survival analysis in the current study revealed that the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. Further, results of multi-factor Cox regression analysis revealed that the predictive model was an independent predictor of prognosis. Conclusion: It was evident that the NMF-based prognostic model is a useful guide to the prognostic assessment of HNSCC.
Endoscopic TLIF with Unilateral Pedicle Screw and Contralateral Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation : Technical Note and Early Outcomes
Authors: liang qingchen , sun fenglong , wang hongqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective study.Objective：To evaluate outcomes and safety of endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) for degenerative lumbar diseases.Summary of Background Data：There is no report about Endo-TLIF using unilateral pedicle screws and contralateral translaminar facet joint screw (UPS and TFS) fixation.Purpose: This paper evaluated the efficacy and safety of Endo-TLIF using UPS and TFS fixation in degenerative lumbar diseases.Methods:From August, 2018 to December, 2019, 21 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases were treated with Endo-TLIF. Clinical symptoms were evaluated at 1 month, 3 months, and the last follow-up after surgery. Outcomes were assessed by using the VAS back pain VAS leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI). Dural Sac Cross-sectional Area (DSCA), Foraminal Height (FH), Anterior Disc Height (ADH), Posterior Disc Height (PDH) and Lumbar Lordosis (LL).Results:The mean age of the cases was 62.9 years. The mean operation time was 198.7 min, the blood loss was 86.7 mL, and the length of incision was 5.7 cm. The mean time in bed was 34.3 hours, and the mean length of hospital stay was 15.1 days. The ODI scores improved from 64.1 to 13.3 (P < 0.05), the VAS score of back pain improved from 5.8 to 1.7 (P < 0.05), and the VAS score of leg pain improved from 6.2 to 1.6 (P < 0.05). ADH increased from 1.3 cm to 1.6 cm (P < 0.05), PDH increased from 0.7 cm to 1.0 cm (P < 0.05), FH increased from 1.7 cm to 2.0 cm (P < 0.05), and DSCA increased from 147 mm2 to 40 mm2 (P < 0.05). No serious complications occurred during the follow-up period.Conclusions:Endo-TLIF with UPS and TFS can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with degenerative lumbar diseases. The early curative effect was satisfactory.
Older but not wider. Impacts of molt frequency variation on age and growth dynamics of Newfoundland &amp; Labrador snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) toward corroborating gastric mill 2 age estimations
Authors: Mullowney Darrell , O’Connell Nicole , Rochette Rémy , Kilada Raouf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aging specimen and survey data from a heterogeneous stock range are combined to investigate effects of molt frequency variation on age and growth dynamics and efficacy of gastric mill age band estimations in snow crab. A central assumption that bands form independent of molting is examined through analyses of molt frequency variation with an overall result of support for the hypothesis that gastric mill bands form independent of molting. This is based on an applied review approach, demonstrating blind age estimation results within and across population units featuring different rates of molt frequency interruptions in context of literature-based expected outcomes of age and growth dynamics. The comprehensive analyses overall supports the ability of gastric mill bands to track chronological ages, but non-fully explained outcomes of growth delays into sexual maturity stages in males and potential estimation error in 1-3 year old crab preclude a conclusion that absolute ages are consistently tracked throughout ontogeny. The results suggest gastric mill bands continue to form during both skip-molts and after terminal molt. Despite uncertainties, the research highlights that males originating from populations where skip-molting is prominent are older reaching fishery size than previously thought (9-10 years), with tentative average estimates of 10-12 years. The study presents novel observations of size-at-age and age-at-maturity in Newfoundland & Labrador (NL) snow crab and broadens life history knowledge for the species. Along with corroborating gastric mill age band estimations, the study reveals future research streams to further help advance the discipline of aging crustaceans [247].
Static Vs Dynamic Connectivity: How Landscape Changes Affect Connectivity Predictions in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Goicolea Teresa , Mateo-Sánchez María Cruz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context Climate and land-use changes affect species ranges and movements. However, these changes are normally overlooked in connectivity studies, and this could have adverse consequences in the definition of effective management measures.Objectives We evaluated two ways to incorporate this dynamism: (i) by acknowledging that connectivity is a fluctuating phenomenon (i.e., time-varying connectivity) and therefore, procuring long-term conservation measures; and (ii) by enhancing species movements to their future ranges (i.e., spatio-temporal connectivity). We further compared these dynamic approaches with traditional static connectivity methods.Methods We compared the overall connectivity values and the prioritization of critical habitat patches according to the dynamic and static approaches. This comparison research was conducted for species associated with broadleaf forests of the different ecoregions of the Iberian Peninsula. We considered species habitat preferences for moving and a wide range of dispersal abilities to assess functional connectivity without focusing on a single species.Results Static approaches generated varying overall connectivity values and priority patches depending on the time snapshot considered and different from those generated by dynamic approaches. The two dynamic connectivity approaches resulted in very similar priority conservation patches, indicating their potential to guide endurable conservation measures that enhance connectivity between contemporaneous habitat patches at multiple time snapshots but also species range shifts in time.Conclusions Connectivity is affected by landscape changes, and only dynamic approaches can overcome the issues associated with these changes and provide valuable information to guide improved and endurable measures in changing landscapes.
The State of Health in Belgium, 1990–2019: A Benchmarking Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
Authors: Ghattas Jinane , Gorasso Vanessa , De Pauw Robby , Thunus Sophie , Speybroeck Niko , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn spite of high health expenditures and several reforms, Belgian healthcare system shows unsatisfactory health outcomes. Evidence-based decision-making is essential in a context of decreasing resources and growing health needs. This study aims to assess the health trends in Belgium between 1990 and 2019, to compare the Belgian health status to that of the EU-15 countries, and to identify the main drivers in trends over time and country differences within the EU-15.MethodsWe extracted estimates from the GBD 2019 study via the GBD results tool and visualization tools. We compared the Belgian health status with 14 European Union comparator countries between 1990 and 2019. Results Life expectancy (LE) in Belgium improved significantly between 1900 and 2019 for both men and women. Belgium Age-standardised (AS) mortality dropped significantly for men (-40%) and women (-33%) between 1990 and 2019. Belgium performed significantly better in 2019 than in 1990 in terms of AS Year of Life Lost (YLL) rates. The main contributors to the significant premature mortality decrease were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer and road injuries in men; ischemic heart disease, stroke and breast cancer in women. AS Years lived with disability (YLD) did not significantly differ between 1990 and 2019. Overall, Belgium AS Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) rates dropped by 23%. This decrease is mainly due to decreasing trend in YLL rates while YLDs rates remained stable. Compared to EU-15, Belgium ranking worsened in terms of AS DALY rates for both men and women in 2019. The main contributors for AS DALY rates were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer and self-harm in men; headache disorders, low back pain and gynaecological disorders in women.ConclusionNon-communicable diseases are the main contributors for health burden in Belgium since 1990. Despite the considerable improvement, Belgium’s ranking for DALYs decreased between 1990 and 2019 compared to the EU-15. Primary and secondary prevention could be crucial elements to improve patient health outcomes and reduce their burden on the healthcare system.
Hypoalbuminemia for the Prediction of Survival in Patients with Organ Metastatic Cervical Cancer
Authors: YOSHIKAWA Nobuhisa , YOSHIHARA Masato , TAMAUCHI Satoshi , IKEDA Yoshiki , YOKOI Akira , KAJIYAMA Hiroaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic significance of malnutrition in patients with metastatic cervical cancer. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 43 patients with stage IVB (FIGO2018) cervical cancer treated at our institute during December 2004–December 2017. We determined the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and survival by performing univariate and multivariate analyses. The serum albumin value at diagnosis was used as an index of malnutrition. The median follow-up period was 16.4 months (range, 0.9—91.4 months). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 61.6% and 48.6%, respectively. The optimal serum albumin for predicting 1-year survival was 3.3 g/dL, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve to maximize the area under the curve. The overall survival (OS) of the patients with albumin >3.3 g/dL (n=28) was significantly better than that of the patients with albumin ≤3.3 g/dL (n=15) (p=0.0041). The multivariate analysis revealed that albumin and mode of primary treatment were significantly associated with survival in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer. Hypoalbuminemia was an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with metastatic cervical cancer..
Improvement of laccase activity by silencing PacC in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Zhao Mingwen , Zhu Jing , Song Shuqi , Lian Lindan , Shi Liang , Ren Ang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a representative white-rot fungus that has great potential to degrade lignocellulose biomass. Laccase is recognized as a class of the most important lignin-degrading enzymes in G. lucidum. However, the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of laccase are still lacking. Based on the genome sequence of G. lucidum, 15 laccase genes were identified and their encoding proteins were analyzed in this study. All of the laccase proteins are predicted to be multicopper oxidases with conserved copper-binding domains. Most laccase proteins were secreted enzymes in addition to Lac14 in which the signal peptide could not be predicted. The activity of all laccases showed the highest level at pH 3.0 or pH 7.0, with total laccase activity of approximately 200 U/mg protein. Silencing PacC resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in laccase activity compared with WT. Five laccase genes (lac1, lac6, lac9, lac10 and lac14) showed an increased transcription levels (approximately 1.5-5.6 fold) in the PacC-silenced strains versus that in WT, while other laccase genes were downregulated or unchanged. The extracellular pH value was about 3.1, which was more acidic in the PacC-silenced strains than in the WT (pH 3.5). Moreover, maintaining the fermentation pH resulted in a downregulation of laccase activity which is induced by silencing PacC Our findings indicate that in addition to its function in acidification of environmental pH, PacC plays an important role in regulating laccase activity in fungi.
Relativity and View Effects
Authors: Fischli Bernard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that it would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. An object has no speed limit due to gravitation but it is limited in speed with electromagnetism. Inertial behavior is examined. The equivalence principle does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity. Relativity impacts the energy formula of electromagnetism using the Lorentz factor which also introduces view effects that are optical illusions with no impact on energy.
Level-1 Visual Perspective Taking Performance in People with High Narcissistic Traits
Authors: Ebrahimian Sima , Mattan Bradley , Rezaei Mazaher 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Lack of empathy is one of the main characteristics of narcissists. However, it is not clear whether there is a similar deficit in other facets of mentalizing, such as perspective-taking.Method: In this study, we measured the taking visual perspectives ascribed to different targets (e.g., first-person self, third-person self-avatar, and third-person stranger avatar). Our study focused on separate groups of individuals with high and low self-reported narcissistic traits. Results: Participants reporting high Narcissism scores showed higher accuracy in a third-person perspective-taking task than did their low-Narcissism counterparts. However, when the first-person perspective was incongruent with the third-person (first person vs. self- tagged avatar), the accuracy of their responses decreased.Conclusions: The discrepancy between the two types of perspective taking of people with high narcissism can probably mean that the narcissistic people perfectly identify / empathize with one object (person, avatar, character, etc.) and therefore their perspective-taking is disrupted when they need to identify with more than one object that represent their self-attributed perspectives.