bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yufeng , Kang Mingming , Li Yuanbo , James Samuel W. , Yang Yang , Bi Yanmeng , Jiang Hao , Zhao Yi , Sun Zhenjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) are widely distributed around the world due to their ancient origination as well as adaptation and invasion after introduction into new habitats over the past few centuries. Herein, we report a 1.2 Gb complete genome assembly of the earthworm Amynthas corticis based on a strategy combining third-generation long-read sequencing and Hi-C mapping. A total of 29,256 protein-coding genes are annotated in this genome. Analysis of resequencing data indicates that this earthworm is a triploid species. Furthermore, gene family evolution analysis shows that comprehensive expansion of gene families in the Amynthas corticis genome has produced more defensive functions compared with other species in Annelida. Quantitative proteomic iTRAQ analysis shows that expression of 147 proteins changed in the body of Amynthas corticis and 16 S rDNA sequencing shows that abundance of 28 microorganisms changed in the gut of Amynthas corticis when the earthworm was incubated with pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Our genome assembly provides abundant and valuable resources for the earthworm research community, serving as a first step toward uncovering the mysteries of this species, and may provide molecular level indicators of its powerful defensive functions, adaptation to complex environments and invasion ability.
A hypomorphic variant in EYS detected by genome-wide association study contributes toward retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Nishiguchi Koji M. , Miya Fuyuki , Mori Yuka , Fujita Kosuke , Akiyama Masato , Kamatani Takashi , Koyanagi Yoshito , Sato Kota , Takigawa Toru , Ueno Shinji , Tsugita Misato , Kunikata Hiroshi , Cisarova Katarina , Nishino Jo , Murakami Akira , Abe Toshiaki , Momozawa Yukihide , Terasaki Hiroko , Wada Yuko , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Rivolta Carlo , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Tsujikawa Motokazu , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe genetic basis of Japanese autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) remains largely unknown. Herein, we applied a 2-step genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 640 Japanese patients. Meta-GWAS identified three independent peaks at P < 5.0 × 10−8, all within the major ARRP gene EYS. Two of the three were each in linkage disequilibrium with a different low frequency variant (allele frequency < 0.05); a known founder Mendelian mutation (c.4957dupA, p.S1653Kfs*2) and a non-synonymous variant (c.2528 G > A, p.G843E) of unknown significance. mRNA harboring c.2528 G > A failed to restore rhodopsin mislocalization induced by morpholino-mediated knockdown of eys in zebrafish, consistent with the variant being pathogenic. c.2528 G > A solved an additional 7.0% of Japanese ARRP cases. The third peak was in linkage disequilibrium with a common non-synonymous variant (c.7666 A > T, p.S2556C), possibly representing an unreported disease-susceptibility signal. GWAS successfully unraveled genetic causes of a rare monogenic disorder and identified a high frequency variant potentially linked to development of local genome therapeutics.
Synthetic promoters to induce immune-effectors into the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Greenshpan Yariv , Sharabi Omri , Ottolenghi Aner , Cahana Avishag , Kundu Kiran , M. Yegodayev Ksenia , Elkabets Moshe , Gazit Roi , Porgador Angel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHarnessing the immune-system to eradicate cancer is becoming a reality in recent years. Engineered immune cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are facing the danger of an overt life-threatening immune response due to the ON-target OFF-tumor cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release Syndrome. We therefore developed synthetic promoters for regulation of gene expression under the control of inflammation and Hypoxia-induced signals that are associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We termed this methodology as chimeric-antigen-receptor-tumor-induced-vector (CARTIV). For proof of concept, we studied synthetic promoters based on promoter-responsive elements (PREs) of IFNγ, TNFα and hypoxia; triple PRE-based CARTIV promoter manifested a synergistic activity in cell-lines and potent activation in human primary T-cells. CARTIV platform can improve safety of CAR T-cells or other engineered immune-cells, providing TME-focused activity and opening a therapeutic window for many tumor-associated antigens that are also expressed by non-tumor healthy tissues.
Plexin-B2 facilitates glioblastoma infiltration by modulating cell biomechanics
Authors: Huang Yong , Tejero Rut , Lee Vivian K. , Brusco Concetta , Hannah Theodore , Bertucci Taylor B. , Junqueira Alves Chrystian , Katsyv Igor , Kluge Michael , Foty Ramsey , Zhang Bin , Friedel Caroline C. , Dai Guohao , Zou Hongyan , Friedel Roland H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfiltrative growth is a major cause of high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). We show here that GBM cells upregulate guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies establish Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness.
Efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia with aqueous silver nanodots
Authors: Li Wenyi , Li Ke , Ye Yixing , Zhang Shengbo , Liu Yanyan , Wang Guozhong , Liang Changhao , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) relies on the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts and electrocatalysis systems. Herein, we report a non-loading electrocatalysis system, where the electrocatalysts are dispersed in aqueous solution rather than loading them on electrode substrates. The system consists of aqueous Ag nanodots (AgNDs) as the catalyst and metallic titanium (Ti) mesh as the current collector for electrocatalytic NRR. The as-synthesized AgNDs, homogeneously dispersed in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution (pH = 10.5), can achieve an NH3 yield rate of 600.4 ± 23.0 μg h−1 mgAg−1 with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.1 ± 0.7% at −0.25 V (vs. RHE). The FE can be further improved to be 20.1 ± 0.9% at the same potential by using Ti mesh modified with oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2 nanosheets as the current collector. Utilizing the aqueous AgNDs catalyst, a Ti plate based two-electrode configured flow-type electrochemical reactor was developed to achieve an NH3 yield rate of 804.5 ± 30.6 μg h−1 mgAg−1 with a FE of 8.2 ± 0.5% at a voltage of −1.8 V. The designed non-loading electrocatalysis system takes full advantage of the AgNDs’ active sites for N2 adsorption and activation, following an alternative hydrogenation mechanism revealed by theoretical calculations.
Axiale Spondyloarthritis (Morbus Bechterew) – Update 2021
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?
Diagnose der axialen Spondyloarthritis Neue Daten zur Spezifität der aktiven entzündlichen Veränderungen in den Sakroiliakalgelenken wurden generiert. Eine neue MRT-Sequenz für die Verbesserung der Detektion von Erosionen wurde untersucht.
Therapie der axialen Spondyloarthritis TNF und Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-Blocker sind nun für sowohl röntgenologische als auch nichtröntgenologische Formen der axialen Spondyloarthritis zugelassen. Januskinase-Inhibitoren lieferten vielversprechende Ergebnisse in den Phase-II/III-Studien.
Hemmung der strukturellen Progression Neue Daten zur Verlangsamung der strukturellen Progression in der Wirbelsäule unter TNF- und IL-17-Inhibitoren.
Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2
Authors: Schäfer Anima M. , Gilgen Pierrine M. , Spirgi Clara , Potterat Olivier , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerbal medication used in the treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety often contain extracts of Valeriana officinalis or Passiflora incarnata. Valerenic acid in V. officinalis and apigenin, orientin, and vitexin in P. incarnata are thought to contribute to their therapeutic effect. It was the aim of this study to test whether these constituents of herbal extracts are interacting with the uptake of estrone 3-sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate mediated by the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) or organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing OATP2B1 or OATP1A2 were used to determine the influence of the constituents on the cellular accumulation of the sulfated steroids. Subsequently, competitive counterflow experiments were applied to test whether identified inhibitors are also substrates of the transporters. Valerenic
acid only interacted with OATP2B1, whereas apigenin, orientin, and vitexin interacted with OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. Competitive counterflow revealed that orientin is a substrate of both transporters, while apigenin was transported by OATP1A2 and vitexin by OATP2B1. In a next step, commercially available P. incarnata preparations were assessed for their influence on the transporters, revealing inhibition of transporter-mediated estrone 3-sulfate uptake. HPLC-UV-MS analysis confirmed the presence of orientin and vitexin in these preparations, thereby suggesting that these constituents are involved in the interaction. Our data indicate that constituents of P. incarnata may alter the function of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, which could affect the uptake of other compounds relying on uptake mediated by the transporters.
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Myrcia bella Loaded into a Microemulsion System: A Study of Antifungal and Mutagenic Potential
Authors: Marena Gabriel Davi , Girotto Luiza , Saldanha Luiz Leonardo , Ramos Matheus Aparecido dos Santos , De Grandis Rone Aparecido , da Silva Patrícia Bento , Dokkedal Anne Lígia , Chorilli Marlus , Bauab Tais Maria , Pavan Fernando Rogério , Trovatti Eliane , Lustri Wilton Rogério , Resende Flávia Ap. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMyrcia bella is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes, hemorrhages, and hypertension in Brazilian folk medicine. Considering that plant extracts are attractive sources of new drugs, the aim of the present study was to verify the influence of incorporating 70% hydroalcoholic of M. bella leaves in nanostructured lipid systems on the mutagenic and antifungal activities of the extract. In this work, we evaluated the antifungal potential of M. bella loaded on the microemulsion against Candida sp for minimum inhibitory concentration, using the microdilution technique. The system was composed of polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether and soybean phosphatidylcholine (10%), grape seed oil, cholesterol (10%: proportion 5/1), and purified water (80%). To investigate the mutagenic activity, the Ames test was used with the Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains. M. bella, either incorporated or free, showed an important antifungal effect against all tested strains. Moreover, the incorporation surprisingly inhibited the mutagenicity presented by the extract. The present study attests the antimicrobial properties of M. bella extract, contributing to the search for new natural products with biological activities and suggesting caution in its use for medicinal purposes. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of the use of nanotechnology associated with natural products as a strategy for the control of infections caused mainly by the genus Candida sp.
Erfolgreiche Therapie einer idiopathischen postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis mit einem Calcineurininhibitor
Authors: Hof Teresa , Flohr Felix , Thimme Robert , Kurz Philipp , Thiel Jens 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung Die Riesenzellhepatitis ist eine seltene, ätiologisch heterogene Erkrankungsgruppe mit dem gemeinsamen histomorphologischen Merkmal multinukleärer Riesenzellen. Häufig assoziiert ist sie mit Autoimmun- und Viruserkrankungen sowie Medikamenteneinnahme, weshalb die Therapie vornehmlich in der Behandlung der Grunderkrankung bzw. einer Immunsuppression besteht.
Anamnese Die Vorstellung des 76-jährigen Patienten erfolgte mit der extern histologisch gesicherten Diagnose einer postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis und frustranem Therapieversuch mit Budesonid zur weiteren Therapie.
Untersuchung Anamnestisch, laborchemisch, serologisch und histopathologisch ließ sich keine der Hepatitis zugrunde liegende Ursache eruieren.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter immunsuppressiver Therapie mit zunächst Glukokortikoiden in Monotherapie, später Cyclophosphamid sowie auch intermittierend einem Anti-CD20-Antikörper gelang keine Erkrankungskontrolle, weshalb die Therapie mit dem Calcineurininhibitor Tacrolimus in Kombination mit einer niedrigdosierten Glukokortikoid-Therapie begonnen wurde. Hierunter konnte die Erkrankung stabilisiert werden.
Folgerung Unsere Beobachtung einer guten Hepatitis-Kontrolle unter Tacrolimus unterstreicht die Rolle von Calcineurininhibitoren in der Behandlung der postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis, wobei über deren Einsatz bisher sehr wenige Daten vorliegen.
Akut- und Langzeitimmunität – was serologische Tests wirklich über den Immunstatus preisgeben
Authors: Klöhn Mara , Steinmann Eike , Pfaender Stephanie 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm letzten Jahr hat uns die durch SARS-CoV-2 ausgelöste COVID-19-Pandemie nicht nur gesellschaftlich, sondern auch wissenschaftlich weltweit vor viele Herausforderungen gestellt. Verlässliche Kenntnisse über die Persistenz der Immunantwort des Menschen auf SARS-CoV-2 sind wichtig, um Fragen bezüglich einer langanhaltenden effektiven Immunität zum Schutz vor Reinfektionen und dem Erreichen einer Herdenimmunität sicher zu beantworten. Erste Studien weisen zwar auf die Ausbildung einer humoralen und zellulären Immunität hin, allerdings stehen Langzeitstudien, die uns Informationen über die Dauer einer Immunreaktion geben können, noch aus. Da besonders immunologische Tests, wie die Antikörpertests, dabei helfen, wichtige Informationen über die durch SARS-CoV-2 induzierte Immunreaktion zu liefern und den Immunstatus der Bevölkerung zu ermitteln, werden diese neben den bereits vorhandenen Studien über die SARS-CoV-2-spezifische Immunantwort diskutiert.
Die pseudoangiomatöse stromale Hyperplasie – eine seltene benigne Raumforderung der Mamma
Authors: Vogel-Minea Claudia 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie PASH ist eine benigne myofibroblastische Läsion der Mamma, die durch Proliferation stromaler mesenchymaler Zellen myofibroblastischen Ursprungs charakterisiert ist. Diese bilden von Myofibroblasten ummantelte Hohlräume, die Gefäßstrukturen nachahmen 1
4.
„Der Mensch, der Handball spielt, braucht den Ball, den Kontakt und die Gemeinschaft“ – Veränderungen im Sportangebot durch die COVID-19 Pandemie und deren Bedeutung für Sportvereine
Authors: Kehl Malte , Strobl Helmut , Tittlbach Susanne , Loss Julika 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Sportvereine spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Bewegungs- und damit auch die Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-bedingten Einschränkungen mit den Veränderungen in der Angebotsstruktur und deren Bedeutung für die Sportvereine.
Methode Es wurden 15 Experteninterviews mit Vertretern und Vertreterinnen bayerischer Sportvereine geführt. Die Daten wurden transkribiert und mittels thematischer Analyse induktiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Von den Vereinen wurden umfangreiche Aktivitäten entwickelt, um den Mitgliedern auch unter den Rahmenbedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie Möglichkeiten für sportliche Aktivitäten zu bieten. Die Vereinsmitglieder hätten dabei mit viel Verständnis auf die Veränderungen und Einschränkungen im Angebot reagiert. Die Nutzung der neu geschaffenen digitalen Angebote durch die Mitglieder scheint sich von der Nutzung der realen Kurse zu unterscheiden. Das längerfristige Potenzial der digitalen Angebote wird jedoch weitgehend skeptisch betrachtet. Insbesondere der im Sport normalerweise immanente Gemeinschaftsaspekt würde den Teilnehmenden an digitalen Formaten fehlen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Anstrengungen der Sportvereine, ein geregeltes Bewegungsprogramm auch unter den Rahmenbedingungen einer Pandemie bereit zu stellen, betont deren Bedeutung für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Aus Public-Health-Sicht bieten die Veränderungen in der Angebotsstruktur darüber hinaus das Potenzial, auch unter normalisierten Rahmenbedingungen beibehalten zu werden. Hierzu sind aber weiterführende Forschungsarbeiten notwendig.
Current Position of Sacral Neuromodulation in Treatment of Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Katuwal Binit , Bhullar Jasneet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFecal incontinence (FI) is defined as uncontrolled passage of feces or gas for at least 1-month duration in an individual who previously had control. FI is a common and debilitating condition affecting many individuals. Continence depends on complex relationships between anal sphincters, rectal curvatures, rectoanal sensation, rectal compliance, stool consistency, and neurologic function. Factors, such as pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, previous anorectal surgery, urinary incontinence, smoking, obesity, limited physical activity, white race, and neurologic disease, are known to be the risk factors for FI. Conservative/medical management including biofeedback are recognized as the first-line treatment of the FI. Those who are suitable for surgical intervention and who have failed conservative management, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has emerged as the treatment of choice in many patients. The surgical technique involves placement of a tined lead with four electrodes through the S3 sacral foramen. The lead is attached to a battery, which acts as a pulse generator, and is placed under the patient's skin in the lower lumbar region. The use of SNS in the treatment of FI has increased over the years and the beneficial effects of this treatment have been substantiated by multiple studies. This review describes SNS as a modality of treatment for FI and its position in the current medical diaspora in patients with FI.
The Effect of Anadara granosa Shell’s–Stichopus hermanni Scaffold on CD44 and IL-10 Expression to Decrease Osteoclasts in Socket Healing
Authors: Sari Rima Parwati , Revianti Syamsulina , Andriani Dwi , Prananingrum Widyasri , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Sudjarwo Sri Agus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives This article aimed to investigate the effect of Anadara granosa (AG) shell’s–Stichopus hermanni scaffold on cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression to decrease osteoclasts in socket healing.
Materials and Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The lower left incisor was extracted, then given a placebo for group control (K), the treatment group was administered with scaffold from AG shells, and a treatment group with scaffold from blood cockle shell–S. hermanni with the concentration of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6). We made a bone graft from a combination of AGSH extract using the freeze-dried method. The socket was sutured by silk braid immediately. Third and Seventh days postextraction, animals are killed. CD44 and IL-10 expression were examined with immunohistochemistry, as well as osteoclast was examined with hematoxylin-eosin.
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (for CD44 and osteoclast) and Kruskal–Wallis’ test (for IL-10) followed by a post hoc test in which the result of p < 0.05.
Results Scaffold from a combination of AGSH increased CD44 expression significantly, which enhanced IL-10 expression thereby decreased the number of osteoclasts in socket healing on days 3 and 7.
Conclusion Scaffold of AG shell–S. hermanni with a concentration of 0.8% was effective to enhance CD44 and IL-10 expression to decrease osteoclast in socket healing after tooth extraction.
Effect of Manual versus Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty on Cervical Spine Static and Dynamic Postures
Authors: Scholl Laura Y. , Hampp Emily L. , Alipit Vincent , Sodhi Nipun , Bhowmik-Stoker Manoshi , Dropkin Jonathan , Chen Antonia F. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study compared surgeon cervical (C) spine postures and repetitive motions when performing traditional manual total knee arthroplasty (MTKA) versus robotic-assisted TKA (RATKA). Surgeons wore motion trackers on T3 vertebra and the occiput anatomical landmarks to obtain postural and repetitive motion data during MTKA and RATKA performed on cadavers. We assessed (1) flexion–extension at T3 and the occiput anatomical landmarks, (2) range of motion (ROM) as the percentage of time in the flexion–extension angle, (3) repetition rate, defined as the number of the times T3 and the occiput flexion-extension angle exceeded ±10°; and (4) static posture, where T3 or occiput postures exceed 10° for more than 30 seconds. The average T3 flexion–extension angle for MTKA cases was 5-degree larger than for RATKA cases (19 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 8 degrees). The surgeons who performed MTKA cases spent 15% more time in nonneutral C-spine ROM than those who performed RATKA cases (78 ± 25 vs. 63 ± 36%, p < 0.01). The repetition rate at T3 was 4% greater for MTKA than RATKA (14 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 6 reps/min). The percentage of time spent in static T3 posture was 5% greater for overall MTKA cases than for RATKA cases (15 ± 3 vs. 10 ± 3%). In this cadaveric study, we found differences in cervical and thoracic ergonomics between manual and robotic–assisted TKA. Specifically, we found that RATKA may reduce a surgeon's ergonomic strain at both the T3 and occiput locations by reducing the time the surgeon spends in a nonneutral position.
Surgical Interventions for Supratentorial Intracranial Hemorrhage: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Patel Smruti K. , Saleh Mohamed S. , Body Alaina , Zuccarello Mario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpontaneous supratentorial intracranial hemorrhage is extremely disabling and is associated with high mortality. Primary treatment for patients with this disease process is maximal medical management with blood pressure control and correction of clotting disorders due to comorbid conditions or medications. Over the past decade, significant strides have been made in understanding the benefits of surgical intervention in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage through multiple clinical trials. In this article, we review the evolution of surgical treatments beginning with the STICH trials, discuss new developments with minimally invasive surgical strategies, and provide a brief update regarding ongoing trials and future directions in the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial intracranial hemorrhage.