bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of methods for setting packers used for hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Verisokin A E , Kutovoy A S , Handzel A V , Datsyuk I O , Markov A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the effective methods of increasing the oil recovery of reservoirs. An important factor in hydraulic fracturing is the reliability of the packers, which are used to ensure the integrity of the production column. To prevent complications associated with tightness of casing pipes during hydraulic fracturing, studies were conducted to evaluate the methods of setting packers. After analyzing the practice of the application of packers, it was realized that five methods of setting them are used. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of packer setting techniques. It is revealed, that the most reliable method is the combined version of setting of packers. The use of the combined setting method significantly increases the success of sealing the annular space of the well.
An Algorithm for Processing Data Received from a Distributed Monitoring Network Consisting of Several Sensors
Authors: Chernetsova E , Shishkin A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an algorithm for detecting an object during the coherent reception of signals coming from an environmental monitoring network consisting of several sensors. The sensors of the monitoring network can change their location in space, for example, as it happens in a freely drifting system of sensors for detecting oil pollution on the water surface. The proposed algorithm uses statistics that take into account the most stable features of the distribution of the source data. It provides a constant probability of false alarm at any noise level. This algorithm can be implemented in software in an automated decision support system for the presence or absence of environmental pollution. At the same time, decisions on the detection of a monitoring object made by an automated system will be more reliable.
Geodynamic Setting on the Paleo-Asia Continent Eastern Margin in the Paleocene
Authors: Kemkin I V , Grebennikov A V , Ma X H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The isotopic-geochemical and geochronological data obtained allow us to justify the middle Paleocene - early Eocene stage of magmatism within the Sikhote-Alin. The volcano-plutonic complexes of this stage are characterized by distinctive mineralogical and geochemical features of the A-type igneous rocks that differ greatly from the Late Cretaceous I-type igneous rocks, which imply a geodynamic regime other than subduction at the paleo-Asian eastern margin during this period. According to the geological-structural data of the Cretaceous and Paleogene parts of the Shimanto accretionary complex, this magmatic stage coincides with changing of the geodynamic mode of subduction of an oceanic plate by geodynamic mode of transform sliding of the latter along the paleo-Asian continent eastern margin and, again, by geodynamic mode of subduction of an oceanic plate.
On the Geological and Environmental Problems of Aging Mining Enterprises
Authors: Yadransky D N , Latypov R T , Chumak E V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article considers the totality of environmental and geological problems of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin. The aim of the article is to analyze the mountain-ecological consequences of increasing (expanding) the pace of mining in densely populated regions with a well-developed infrastructure. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the city Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine), it was proposed to transfer the established trends to the potential future consequences of increasing mining in the Urals. The research methods are the method of logical and structural analysis, logical modeling, analysis of literary sources.
The main hypothesis of the study is a mining enterprise, which, regardless of current economic indicators, cannot be liquidated (reorganized) in a short time, since it requires preliminary systematic preparation. According to the results of the analysis, it was established that the main problems of mining enterprises are that they cannot be quickly eliminated, since this will negatively affect the natural environment, giving rise to numerous mining and geological problems, primarily related to hydrogeology and filling the voids. In case of refusal to solve these problems, serious consequences arise related to public health.
The solution of large and global environmental investment projects is complicated by the fact that competing enterprises often operate within the same basin, which objectively cannot independently combine investment efforts to solve environmental and geological problems. Based on the results of the article, the main conclusion is formulated that it is advisable to develop an appropriate methodology for controlled attenuation of mining operations.
Can plastome data resolve recent radiations?Rhodiola(Crassulaceae) as a case study
Authors: Zhao Dan-Ni , Ren Chun-Qian , Zhang Jian-Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent radiations provide excellent models to gain more insights into evolution, speciation and adaptation. To this end, a well-resolved phylogenetic tree is needed. However, resolving phylogenetic relationships within recent radiations has been difficult as traditional phylogenetic markers failed to provide enough information. We here use plastome data to test their capacity in resolving phylogenetic relationships among a recent rapidly diverging group, Rhodiola, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We reconstructed a robust phylogenetic backbone of Rhodiola using 23 plastomes representing all subgenera and sections in previous taxonomic treatments. Based on the backbone, we inferred the spatio-temporal pattern of diversification of the genus. We also traced evolution of five important morphological characters of Rhodiola, including sexual system, inflorescence type and flowering stem, based on the maximum likelihood and the threshold models. Two well-supported clades were revealed in Rhodiola, and the two clades were distinguished by sexual system: species in clade I are mostly hermaphrodite (except R. stapfii and R. integrifolia), and those in clade II are all dioecious. Biogeographic analysis showed that Rhodiola probably originated in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains. The two major clades diverged c. 6.34 Mya, corresponding to a period of rapid uplift of the Hengduan Mountains and intensification of the Asian monsoon. Character evolution analysis confirmed parallel evolution of dioecy and other adaptive traits, such as marcescent flowering stems, in the genus. We demonstrate that plastome data could significantly improve phylogenetic resolution in plant groups resulting from recent radiations. Our results not only shed new light on the evolutionary history of Rhodiola, but also indicate that more plastome data should be used in resolving phylogenetic relationship in plant groups that have undergone recent radiations.
Massive pulmonary embolism and thrombus-in-transit via a patent foramen ovale: a case report of successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to manage post-embolectomy severe right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Saunders Helen , Al Khalifa Abdulwahab , Espinosa Angel , Jain Manish 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary embolism with thrombus-in-transit through a patent foramen ovale is rare. It may present with neurological sequalae and rapid diagnosis is needed to prevent mortality and morbidity. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published guidelines in 2019 for diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism which were useful in this case.

Case summary
A 32-year-old sedentary male presented with sudden onset shortness of breath, syncope, a probable seizure, and chest pain. Investigations showed an acute pulmonary embolism with mobile thrombus in the right atrium and right ventricle and also thrombus-in-transit passing through a patent foramen ovale into the left atrium. He was resuscitated and rapidly transferred to theatre where he underwent surgical thromboembolectomy. There was difficulty in separating him from cardiopulmonary bypass due to right ventricular failure and he was initiated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support. He recovered fully and was discharged home after 43 days.

Discussion
This case report highlights the presentation of this rare diagnosis and discusses the management of acute pulmonary embolism according to recent ESC guidelines.
What are the differences in protective characteristics of orthodontic mouthguards? An in vitro study
Authors: Harrington Claire , Minhas Gursharan , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Background
Orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances are susceptible to traumatic dental injuries during contact-sport. This laboratory study investigated the protective qualities of orthodontic mouthguards using impact-testing to a typodont fitted with a fixed appliance through peak load transfer and retention of the mouthguard.

Methods
Seven orthodontic mouthguards [three custom-made (Medium-CM, Heavy-CM, Heavy-pro-CM); three commercially-available mouth-formed (Shock-Doctor® Ultra Braces, Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces, Opro® Ortho-Bronze Braces) and a Shock-Doctor® Instant-Fit] were fitted to a maxillary arch typodont bonded with a fixed appliance and impact-tested using 0.5 or 1 Joule (J) energy via hockey-ball, cricket-ball or steel-ball projectile. A load-cell recorded peak load transfer through mouthguard to typodont with retention scored in a binary manner dependent upon any displacement following impact. Differences across mouthguards were calculated with ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test for normal and non-normal data, respectively. Post hoc comparisons across mouthguards were conducted via Dunnett's test with Sidak correction.

Results
Only the three custom-made and Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces were not displaced by impact-testing. For these, Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces transferred the smallest load for 3/6 impact-tests, followed by Medium-CM. Heavy-pro-CM performed poorly, ranking penultimate or worst for all impact-tests. Significant differences were found between mouthguards for cricket-ball and steel-ball set-ups. The Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces performed better than the Heavy and Heavy-pro-CM for 0.5 J cricket-ball impact-test (P &lt; 0.05), whilst Medium-CM performed better than Heavy-pro-CM. For 1 J cricket-ball, there were significant differences between Medium-CM and Heavy-pro-CM (P &lt; 0.05). For 0.5 J steel-ball, the Medium-CM performed significantly better than both Heavy-pro-CM and Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces (P &lt; 0.05), whilst Heavy-CM performed better than the Heavy-pro-CM (P &lt; 0.05). For the 1 J steel-ball, Medium and Heavy-CM performed better than Opro® Ortho-Gold Braces (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Opro® Ortho-Gold and Medium-CM mouthguards offer the best protection for low-impact sports, whilst Medium or Heavy-CM mouthguards are recommended for high-impact sport.
Differential regulation of undecylprodigiosin biosynthesis in the yeast-scavenging Streptomyces strain MBK6
Authors: Bikash Baral , Vilja Siitonen , Mitchell Laughlin , Keith Yamada , Mikael Ilomäki , Mikko Metsä-Ketelä , Jarmo Niemi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Streptomyces are efficient chemists with a capacity to generate diverse and potent chemical scaffolds. The secondary metabolism of these soil-dwelling prokaryotes is stimulated upon interaction with other microbes in their complex ecosystem. We observed such an interaction when a Streptomyces isolate was cultivated in a media supplemented with dead yeast cells. Whole-genome analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. MBK6 harbors the red cluster that is cryptic under normal environmental conditions. An interactive culture of MBK6 with dead yeast triggered the production of the red pigments metacycloprodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin. Streptomyces sp. MBK6 scavenges dead-yeast cells and preferentially grows in aggregates of sequestered yeasts within its mycelial network. We identified that the activation depends on the cluster-situated regulator, mbkZ, which may act as a cross-regulator. Cloning of this master regulator mbkZ in S. coelicolor with a constitutive promoter and promoter-deprived conditions generated different production levels of the red pigments. These surprising results were further validated by DNA–protein binding assays. The presence of the red cluster in Streptomyces sp. MBK6 provides a vivid example of horizontal gene transfer of an entire metabolic pathway followed by differential adaptation to a new environment through mutations in the receiver domain of the key regulatory protein MbkZ.
Selection Maintains Protein Interactome Resilience in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
Authors: Maddamsetti Rohan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Most cellular functions are carried out by a dynamic network of interacting proteins. An open question is whether the network properties of protein interactomes represent phenotypes under natural selection. One proposal is that protein interactomes have evolved to be resilient, such that they tend to maintain connectivity when proteins are removed from the network. This hypothesis predicts that interactome resilience should be maintained by natural selection during long-term experimental evolution. I tested this prediction by modeling the evolution of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks in Lenski’s long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli (LTEE). In this test, I removed proteins affected by nonsense, insertion, deletion, and transposon mutations in evolved LTEE strains, and measured the resilience of the resulting networks. I compared the rate of change of network resilience in each LTEE population to the rate of change of network resilience for corresponding randomized networks. The evolved PPI networks are significantly more resilient than networks in which random proteins have been deleted. Moreover, the evolved networks are generally more resilient than networks in which the random deletion of proteins was restricted to those disrupted in LTEE. These results suggest that evolution in the LTEE has favored PPI networks that are, on average, more resilient than expected from the genetic variation across the evolved strains. My findings therefore support the hypothesis that selection maintains protein interactome resilience over evolutionary time.
Balancing biological and economic goals in commercial and recreational fisheries: systems modelling of sea bass fisheries
Authors: Tidbury Hannah J , Muench Angela , Lamb Philip D , Hyder Kieran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The importance of social and economic factors, in addition to biological factors, in fisheries management is being increasingly recognised. However, exploration of trade-offs between biological, social, and economic factors under different sustainable catch limits for recreational and commercial fisheries is limited, especially in Europe. The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is valuable and important for both commercial and recreational fisheries. Stocks have rapidly declined and management measures have been implemented, but trade-offs between social, biological, and economic factors have not been explicitly considered. In this study, a system dynamics model framework capturing biological and economic elements of the European sea bass fishery was developed and refined to incorporate a catch limit reflecting sustainable fishing with adjustable partition between recreational and commercial sectors, under low, medium, or high recruitment. Model outputs were used to explore the relative impact of different catch allocations on trade-offs between biological sustainability and economic impact when recruitment was limiting or not. Recruitment had a large impact on the fish population dynamics and the viability of the sectors. At high and moderate recruitment, management contributed to stock sustainability and sector economic impact, but recruitment is important in determining the balance between sectors.
Does microbiological contamination of homografts prior to decontamination affect the outcome after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction?
Authors: Axelsson Ida , Malm Torsten , Nilsson Johan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Homografts are often in short supply. Today, European guidelines recommend that all tissues contaminated by any of 18 different bacteria and fungi be discarded before antibiotic decontamination has been conducted. The tissue bank in Lund uses more liberal protocols: It accepts all microbes prior to decontamination except multiresistant microbes and Pseudomonas species. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of contamination on the long-term outcome and occurrence of endocarditis in recipients.

METHODS
Data were collected on homografts and on recipients of homografts in the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract who were operated on between 1995 and 2018 in Lund. The long-term outcome of recipients was analysed in relation to different types of contamination using Cox proportional hazard regression. The proportion of patients with endocarditis was analysed with the χ2 test.

RESULTS
The study included 509 implanted homografts. Follow-up was a maximum of 24 years and 99% complete. A total of 156 (31%) homografts were contaminated prior to antibiotic decontamination. Homografts contaminated with low-risk microbes had the lowest reintervention rate, but there was no significant difference compared to no contamination [hazard ratio (HR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–1.7] or contamination with high-risk microbes (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.87–2.8) in the multivariable analysis. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cases of endocarditis during the follow-up period between recipients of homografts contaminated prior to decontamination and recipients of homografts with no contamination (P = 0.83).

CONCLUSIONS
Contamination of homograft tissue prior to decontamination did not show any significant effect on the long-term outcome or the occurrence of endocarditis after implantation in the RV outflow tract. Most contaminated homografts can be used safely after approved decontamination.
Starr–Edwards mitral valve—48 years till redo surgery, with over 54 years of patient survival after primary mitral valve replacement
Authors: Dimitrakakis Georgios , Wheeler Richard , von Oppell Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report a male patient who underwent successful redo cardiac surgery in 2014; tricuspid valve repair and redo mitral valve replacement of a Starr–Edwards mitral valve implanted 48 years previously. Six years after the redo operation, the patient remains well and therefore has an impressive over 54 years of survival following mitral valve replacement surgery.
On the Action of Multiplicative Cascades on Measures
Authors: Barral Julien , Jin Xiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the action of Mandelbrot multiplicative cascades on probability measures supported on a symbolic space. For general probability measures, we obtain almost a sharp criterion of non-degeneracy of the limiting measure; it relies on the lower and upper Hausdorff dimensions of the measure and the entropy of the random weights. We also obtain sharp bounds for the lower Hausdorff and upper packing dimensions of the limiting measure. When the original measure is a Gibbs measure associated with a potential of certain modulus of continuity (weaker than Hölder), all our results are sharp. This improves results previously obtained by Kahane and Peyrière, Ben Nasr, and Fan. We exploit our results to derive dimension estimates and absolute continuity for some random fractal measures.
Free Flags Over Local Rings and Powering of High-dimensional Expanders
Authors: Kaufman Tali , Parzanchevski Ori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Powering the adjacency matrix of an expander graph results in a better expander of higher degree. In this paper we seek an analogue operation for high-dimensional (HD) expanders. We show that the naive approach to powering does not preserve HD expansion and define a new power operation, using geodesic walks on quotients of Bruhat–Tits buildings. Applying this operation results in HD expanders of higher degrees. The crux of the proof is a combinatorial study of flags of free modules over finite local rings. Their geometry describes links in the power complex, and showing that they are excellent expanders implies HD expansion for the power complex by Garland’s local-to-global technique. As an application, we use our power operation to obtain new efficient double samplers.
Information needs and perceptions of chatbots for hypertension medication self-management: a mixed methods study
Authors: Griffin Ashley C , Xing Zhaopeng , Mikles Sean P , Bailey Stacy , Khairat Saif , Arguello Jaime , Wang Yue , Chung Arlene E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Chatbots have potential to deliver interactive self-management interventions but have rarely been studied in the context of hypertension or medication adherence. The objective of this study was to better understand patient information needs and perceptions of chatbots to support hypertension medication self-management.

Materials and Methods
Mixed methods were used to assess self-management needs and preferences for using chatbots. We purposively sampled adults with hypertension who were prescribed at least one medication. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, health literacy, self-efficacy, and technology use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.

Results
Thematic saturation was met after interviewing 15 participants. Analysis revealed curiosity toward chatbots, and most perceived them as humanlike. The majority were interested in using a chatbot to help manage medications, refills, communicate with care teams, and for accountability toward self-care tasks. Despite general enthusiasm, there were concerns with chatbots providing too much information, making demands for lifestyle changes, invading privacy, and usability issues with deployment on smartphones. Those with overall positive perceptions toward chatbots were younger and taking fewer medications.

Discussion
Chatbot-related informational needs were consistent with existing self-management research, and many felt chatbots would be valuable if customizable and compatible with patient portals, pharmacies, or health apps.

Conclusion
Although most were not familiar with chatbots, patients were interested in interacting with them, but this varied. This research informs future design and functionalities of conversational interfaces to support hypertension self-management.
Neuroprotection of Heme Oxygenase-2 in Mice AfterIntracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Ze , Pang Yuxin , Wang Wei , Zhu Hong , Jin Sinan , Yu Zihan , Gu Yunhe , Wu He 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are few effective preventive or therapeutic strategies to mitigate the effects of catastrophic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in humans. Heme oxygenase is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme metabolism; heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) is a constitutively expressed heme oxygenase. We explored the involvement of HO-2 in a collagenase-induced mouse model of ICH in C57BL/6 wild-type and HO-2 knockout mice. We assessed oxidative stress injury, blood-brain barrier permeability, neuronal damage, late-stage angiogenesis, and hematoma clearance using immunofluorescence, Western blot, MRI, and special staining methods. Our results show that HO-2 reduces brain injury volume and brain edema, alleviates cytotoxic injury, affects vascular function in the early stage of ICH, and improves hematoma absorbance and angiogenesis in the late stage of ICH in this model. Thus, we found that HO-2 has a protective effect on brain injury after ICH.