bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the FIP bias sample to magnetically active stars
Authors: Seli B. , Oláh K. , Kriskovics L. , Kővári Zs. , Vida K. , Balázs L. G. , Laming J. M. , van Driel-Gesztelyi L. , Baker D. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The different elemental abundances of the photosphere and the corona are striking features of not only the Sun, but of other stars as well. This phenomenon is known as the first ionisation potential (FIP) effect, and its strength can be characterized by the FIP bias, the logarithmic abundance difference between low- and high-FIP elements in the corona, compared to the photosphere. The FIP bias was shown to depend on the surface temperature of the star.Aims.We aim to extend theTeff−FIP bias relationship to a larger stellar sample and analyse the effect of other astrophysical parameters on the relation (e.g. surface gravity, age, activity indicators).Methods.We compiled FIP bias and other parameters for 59 stars for which coronal composition is available, now including evolved stars. Using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, we searched for correlations with other astrophysical parameters within the sample that may influence the stellar FIP bias.Results.Adding stars to theTeff−FIP bias diagram unveiled new features in its structure. In addition to the previously known relationship, there appears to be a second branch: a parallel sequence about 0.5 dex above it. While theTeffremains the main determinant of the FIP bias, other parameters such as stellar activity indicators also have influence. We find three clusters in the FIP bias determinant parameter space. One distinct group is formed by the evolved stars. Two groups contain main sequence stars in continuation separated roughly by the sign change of the FIP-bias value.Conclusions.The new branch of theTeff−FIP bias diagram contains stars with higher activity level, in terms of X-ray flux and rotational velocity. The Rossby number also seems to be important, indicating possible dependence on the type of dynamo operating in these stars influencing their FIP bias. The two main-sequence clusters run from the earliest spectral types of A-F with shallow convection zones through G-K-early-M stars with gradually deeper convection zones, and they end with the fully convective M dwarf stars, depicting the change of the dynamo type with the internal differences of the main sequence stars in connection with the FIP-bias values.
Was steuert unsere (verhängnisvolle) Essensfreude?
Authors: Verchen Arno W. de Pay 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie moderne Zivilisation und das überreichliche Nahrungs- und Lebensmittelangebot in unserer Zeit haben das ursprüngliche, auf das Überleben ausgerichtete Essverhalten stark verändert. Dem wird weder in der universitären ärztlichen Ausbildung noch bei politischen Entscheidungen zielführend und wirkungsvoll Rechnung getragen. Im komplexen Geschehen rund um das Essverhalten spielt das Gehirnbelohnungssystem die zentrale Rolle. Die Essensaufnahme wird von einem Glücksgefühl begleitet. Der Gewöhnungseffekt richtet sich allerdings nach „Immer Mehr“ aus und unterscheidet nicht mehr zwischen gesund und ungesund. Mit der Selbstkontrolle kann das Gehirnbelohnungssystem „aufgeschoben“ werden. Da die weit verbreiteten Genussmittel, Alkohol, Nikotin, Drogen, aber auch Medikamente, das „(Schein-)Glückhormon“ Dopamin im Darm und Gehirn exprimieren und kurzfristige Glückgefühle erzeugen, wird die Selbstkontrolle über eine verminderte Ansprechbarkeit des Gehirnbelohnungssystems gestört, mit der Folge eines Konsums kalorien- und fettreicher Nahrung. Die meist schwierige Auflösung des resultierenden Konflikts zwischen Begehrlichkeit und Gesundheit macht aber nachhaltig glücklicher. Eine kohlenhydratlastige und eiweißarme Nahrungszufuhr erzeugt über den Mangel an essenziellen Aminosäuren – wichtige Elemente der Serotonin- und Dopaminproduktion – ein wiederholt gesteigertes Hungergefühl, das besser über eiweißreiche, fett- und kohlenhydratarme vegetabile Nahrungsmittel (Gemüsesorten, Hülsenfrüchte) gestillt werden sollte. Um die Stressresilienz zu verbessern, aktiviert unter Belastungsbedingungen Zucker das Gehirnbelohnungssystem sehr rasch und erzeugt ein Glückgefühl mit Gewöhnungseffekt. Die komplexen Zusammenhänge werden ausgewählt dargestellt, aus denen sich die „Sucht“ nach Zucker, Hyperalimentation und Verknüpfungen mit der Entwicklung depressiver Zustände ergeben. Als Fazit wird, auch bei noch vorhandenen Wissenslücken, die Überzeugung vertreten, dass nur unter der synoptischen Berücksichtigung der systemischen Faktoren auf das Esshalten eine Primär- und Sekundärprävention, insbesondere bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, erfolgreich sein kann.
Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Schwarz Peter E.H. 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVor 18 Jahren wurde die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes der Deutschen Diabetesgesellschaft gegründet 1. Viele Maßnahmen wurden seitdem initiiert, sehr viele auch verworfen, andere entstanden intuitiv aus der Ärzteschaft, den Diabetes-Behandlungsteams, aber auch Krankenkassen und anderen Beteiligten. Wir haben in dieser Zeit sehr viel gelernt, haben es jedoch ehrlicherweise nicht geschafft, die Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes in unserem klinischen, aber auch persönlichen Alltag ankommen zu lassen. Dafür gab es pekuniäre als auch legislative Hürden, die der Umsetzung von Prävention im Rahmen der Gesundheitsversorgung nur wenig Raum einräumten. Politische Prioritäten waren, obwohl es ein Gesetz mit diesem Namen gab, letztendlich andere. Trotz alledem haben wir im Kleinen und vereinzelt auch im Großen gelernt, wie Prävention funktionieren kann. Die Entwicklung der Digitalisierung in den letzten Monaten kann das Fass zum Überlaufen bringen, sodass Prävention tatsächlich, vielleicht nicht im klinischen Alltag, aber in unserem Alltag ankommt. Möglicherweise hat es diese 18–20 Jahre gebraucht, bis sich wissenschaftliche Evidenz gemeinsam mit einer technologischen Entwicklung zu einem kraftvollen Samen vereinigt, aus dem am Ende ein starker Baum der Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes wächst.
Elastografía cuantitativa en la evaluación de nódulos tiroideos
Authors: Franco Carolina Uliaque , Laborda Ricardo Herrero , Ángulo Elena Hervias , Riaguas Ana Almenara , Pardo Francisco Javier Berdún 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar retrospectivamente la capacidad diagnóstica de la elastografía cuantitativa para determinar la posibilidad de malignidad o benignidad de los nódulos tiroideos benignos y malignos, y determinar su utilidad para así decidir qué nódulos deberán ser sometidos a punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF).
Pacientes y métodos Se analizaron 203 nódulos tiroideos de 195 pacientes remitidos por el Servicio de Endocrinología para estudio citológico durante el año 2018. A todos ellos se les realizó ecografía convencional, elastografía cuantitativa y PAAF. Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante regresión logística, que pone en relación la probabilidad de que un nódulo sea sospecho de malignidad y el valor de la elasticidad medido en kilopascales (kPa) y el ratio elastográfico.
Resultados Existe una relación significativa y positiva entre el resultado citológico de Bethesda V/VI y los kPas/ratio elastográfico. Se recomienda realizar PAAF a aquellos nódulos con valores superiores a 25kPa y/o ratio elastográfico superior a 1,5.
Conclusión La elastografía cuantitativa es una herramienta útil que, junto a otros parámetros ecográficos, ayudaría a predecir o sospechar la malignidad de un nódulo tiroideo y a una mejor selección para la PAAF.
IgG Avidity in Samples Collected on Filter Paper: Importance of The Early Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Souza Jéssica Yonara de , Gomes Taynara Cristina , Rezende Hanstter Hallison Alves , Storchilo Heloisa Ribeiro , Rodrigues Patrícia Giffron , Castro Ana Maria de 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study is to standardize and evaluate the use of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity test on blood samples from newborns collected on filter paper to perform the heel test aiming at its implementation in ongoing programs.
Methods Blood samples from newborns were collected on filter paper simultaneously with the heel prick test. All samples were subjected to immunoglobulin M IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Peripheral blood was collected again in the traditional way and on filter paper from newborns with high IgG levels (33). Three types of techniques were performed, the standard for measuring IgG in serum, adapted for filter paper and the technique of IgG avidity in serum and on filter paper. The results of the avidity test were classified according to the Rahbari protocol.
Results Among the 177 samples, 17 were collected in duplicate from the same child, 1 of peripheral blood and 1 on filter paper. In this analysis, 1 (5.88%) of the 17 samples collected in duplicate also exhibited low IgG avidity, suggesting congenital infection. In addition, the results obtained from serum and filter paper were in agreement, that is, 16 (94.12%) samples presented high avidity, with 100% agreement between the results obtained from serum and from filter paper.
Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the avidity test may be another valuable method for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in newborns.
Epilepsy and Sleep in the ATR-X Syndrome
Authors: Mierlo Petra van , Braakman Hilde , Vandenbussche Nele , Schelhaas Helenius Jurgen , Pillen Sigrid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background This study explores the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment of epilepsy and sleep disorders in α thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome.
Design In this cross-sectional study, 37 participants with ATR-X syndrome aged 1.8 to 44 years were studied using a customized epilepsy questionnaire, review of electroencephalography (EEG) findings, the modified Sleep Questionnaire of Simonds and Parraga and 2-week sleep diary.
Results Eleven participants had a clinical diagnosis of generalized epilepsy (29.7%). Seizure types were generalized tonic-clonic seizures, absences, and myoclonia. Interictal EEG recordings in participants with GTCS showed no epileptic discharges in 78%. Similarly, EEG recordings during myoclonia and absences often demonstrated no epileptic discharges. Sleep problems (difficulty falling or maintaining sleep, and early awakening) were reported in 70%. Participants with reported sleep problems went to bed earlier (p = 0.027) and had a lower sleep efficiency (p < 0.01) than participants without sleep problems, but as a group they both had a sufficient total sleep time (9 hours and 52 minutes vs. 10 hours and 55 minutes). Sixteen participants (43.2) used medication to improve sleep (predominantly melatonin n = 10), being effective in only two.
Conclusion One-third of participants with ATR-X syndrome had a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy, but the absence of EEG abnormalities in suspected epileptic seizures questions this diagnosis in these patients. EEG recording during seizure like symptoms is warranted before making an epilepsy diagnosis. Seventy percent experienced sleep problems, although total sleep time was normal in most participants. Long bedtimes might have a negative influence on sleep efficiency.
The impact of Covid-19 on Belgian mental health care: A Delphi study among psychosocial health professionals, patients, and informal caretakers
Authors: Van den Cruyce Nele , Van Hoof Elke , Godderis Lode , Gerard Sylvie , Van Leuven Frédérique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic is primarily viewed as a threat to physical health, and therefore, biomedical sciences have become an integral part of the public discourse guiding policy decisions. Nonetheless, the pandemic and the measures implemented have an impact on the population’s psychosocial health. The impact of Covid-19 on the psychosocial care system should be thoroughly investigated to mitigate this effect. In this context, the present study was conducted to establish a consensus about the impact of Covid-19 on psychosocial health and the care system in Belgium. Using the Belgian Superior Health Council’s expert database, a three-round Delphi consensus development process was organized with psychosocial experts (i.e., professionals, patients, and informal caregiver representatives). Overall, 113 of the 148 experts who participated in round 1 fully completed round 2 (76% response rate). Consensus (defined as >70% agreement and an interquartile interval (IQR) of no more than 2) was reached in round 2 for all but three statements. Fifty experts responded to round 3 by providing some final nuances, but none of them reaffirmed their positions or added new points to the discussion (44.25% response rate). The most robust agreement (>80%) was found for three statements: the pandemic has increased social inequalities in society, which increase the risk of long-term psychosocial problems; the fear of contamination creates a constant mental strain on the population, wearing people out; and there is a lack of strategic vision about psychosocial care and an underestimation of the importance of psychosocial health in society. Our findings show that experts believe the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 is underappreciated, which has a negative impact on psychosocial care in Belgium. Several unmet needs were identified, but so were helpful resources and barriers. The Delphi study’s overarching conclusion is that the pandemic does not affect society as a whole in the same way or with the same intensity. The experts, thereby, warn that the psychosocial inequalities in society are on the rise.
Using distributions to understand neutron and x-ray production in ICF ignition capsules and other high energy density plasmas
Authors: Nilsen Joseph , Managan Robert A. , Zimmerman George B. 
Published: December 2021

This paper describes how x-ray and neutron distribution functions can be useful tools to visualize the conditions measured in many types of plasma physics experiments. In particular, we model a standard inertial confinement fusion ignition capsule that consists of a Si doped plastic ablator surrounding a layer of deuterium–tritium (DT) ice as the yield varies from 18 kJ to 16.7 MJ and use the distribution functions to show that neutrons and high energy x rays (15 keV) are produced under similar conditions when the yield is low. However, as the capsule starts to support a propagating burn due to alpha heating, the x rays and neutrons are produced under somewhat different conditions in different parts of the plasma. In particular, the x-ray production takes place mainly in the hot plastic ablator for the full yield ignition capsule under quite different plasma conditions from the DT region producing the 14 MeV neutrons, which results in x-ray images with larger radii than the corresponding neutron images. These same distribution functions can be applied to many other plasma physics experiments.
Use of fat-coated or heat-treated soybean meal for partial replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal in the diets of early lactation dairy cows
Authors: Sahraei Belverdy Mohsen , Khadem Ali Akbar , Alamouti Ali A. , Khani Jaber , Calsamiglia Sergio 
Published: December 2021

Context Soybean meal (SBM) is the most important protein source used to feed dairy cows, and methods have been developed to increase its nutritional value by protecting the proteins against rumen degradation. Protection of solvent-extracted SBM with saturated fats can achieve this, but effects on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility have not been investigated. Aims We evaluated effects on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of high-yielding dairy cows when dietary solvent-extracted SBM was partially replaced with two fat-coated SBM products containing palmitic acid or a palmitic–stearic acid mix, or with standard heat-treated SBM. Methods Forty lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomised complete block design experiment with two phases each of 26 days (20 days of diet adaptation and 6 days of data collection). Experimental diets comprised (per kg DM) 271 g maize silage, 138 g other forages and 590 g concentrate, with 6.74 MJ net energy for lactation, 157 g crude protein and 366 g neutral detergent fibre. The control diet contained solvent-extracted SBM at 73.1 g/kg, which was partially replaced in the three test diets: two with fat-coated SBM (400 g fat/kg, enriched with palmitic acid or 50:50 palmitic:stearic acids), and one with heat-treated SBM. Diets were offered ad libitum during the experiment, and cows were milked three times daily. Key results Solvent-extracted SBM had significantly lower rumen undegraded protein concentration than the other three products. Dry matter intake was not affected by dietary treatment (27.7 ± 0.531 kg/day), nor was milk yield (47.8–50.3 kg/day), but milk fat yield tended to be greater (P < 0.10) with diets containing fat-coated than solvent-extracted SBM. The diet with palmitic acid coated SBM showed higher apparent total tract digestibilities of ether extract, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre than palmitic:stearic acid coated or solvent-extracted SBM treatments. Heat-treated SBM diet likewise showed higher digestibilities of ether extract, dry matter, organic matter, and acid and neutral detergent fibres than the solvent-extracted SBM diet. Concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma and milk were not affected by treatment. Conclusions Feeding heat-treated or fat-coated SBM did not increase milk production of high-yielding cows; however, use of fat-coated SBM increased milk fat yield. Both palmitic acid coating and heat treatment improved total tract digestibility. Implications Feeding fat-coated SBM to dairy cows can protect SBM in the rumen and increase milk fat yield.
Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter
Authors: Huszár Ferenc , Ktena Sofia Ira , O’Brien Conor , Belli Luca , Schlaikjer Andrew , Hardt Moritz 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The role of social media in political discourse has been the topic of intense scholarly and public debate. Politicians and commentators from all sides allege that Twitter’s algorithms amplify their opponents’ voices, or silence theirs. Policy makers and researchers have thus called for increased transparency on how algorithms influence exposure to political content on the platform. Based on a massive-scale experiment involving millions of Twitter users, a fine-grained analysis of political parties in seven countries, and 6.2 million news articles shared in the United States, this study carries out the most comprehensive audit of an algorithmic recommender system and its effects on political content. Results unveil that the political right enjoys higher amplification compared to the political left.
Lipidome profiling with Raman microspectroscopy identifies macrophage response to surface topographies of implant materials
Authors: Feuerer Nora , Marzi Julia , Brauchle Eva M. , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Billing Florian , Weiss Martin , Jakobi Meike , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Shipp Christopher , Schenke-Layland Katja 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Macrophage plasticity and activation dynamics are under intense investigation because their full complexity cannot be captured by the few predefined markers that are commonly used. Macrophages are highly adherent and respond to surface microstructures in a sensitive manner. Here, we use Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging to study the macrophage response to defined activation stimuli and transfer these findings to macrophages cultured on titanium with varying surface roughness. We show that Raman-based methods can discriminate between macrophage phenotypes noninvasively and without the need to use antibody-based cell markers.
Active nematic order and dynamic lane formation of microtubules driven by membrane-bound diffusing motors
Authors: Memarian Fereshteh L. , Lopes Joseph D. , Schwarzendahl Fabian Jan , Athani Madhuvanthi Guruprasad , Sarpangala Niranjan , Gopinathan Ajay , Beller Daniel A. , Dasbiswas Kinjal , Hirst Linda S. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Active nematics are ordered liquid crystalline fluids that exhibit spontaneous persistent flows and collective dynamics. The development of motile biopolymer systems inspired by nature has recently attracted considerable attention to out-of-equilibrium soft materials. We report the formation of an active nematic in which microtubules are propelled by kinesin motors coupled to a lipid membrane substrate. The system exhibits apolar order in a globally aligned nematic phase and locally ordered dynamic lanes. Use of a fluid substrate represents a significant advance for active matter as it allows for spatial re-organization of motors, which generate force, in response to the dynamics of the aligning microtubules. This self-organized feedback mechanism may have implications in vivo and for engineering efficient dynamic and reconfigurable materials.
Slovak comparative correlatives
Authors: Horsch Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComparative Correlatives (CCs) are biclausal constructions (e.g.The harder you work, the more you earn) that have complex semantics and form. This is the first construction grammar-based corpus study to investigate Slovak CCs, based on a 500-token sample. I argue that intra-clausal word-order phenomena can be explained through processing efficiency, based on Hawkins’ principle of Early Immediate Constituents (2004), and I use covarying-collexeme analysis (Stefanowitsch & Gries 2005) to provide evidence for the existence of meso-constructions. The findings of this study contribute to construction grammar’s “aspirations toward universal applicability” (Fried 2017: 249), proving that the theory is also suitable for analysis of syntactic patterns in Slavic languages.
Plasma surface engineering for manmade soft materials: a review
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Gaiser Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Manmade soft materials are important in a wide range of technological applications and play a key role in the development of future technologies, mainly at the interface of synthetic and biological components. They include gels and hydrogels, elastomers, structural and packaging materials, micro and nanoparticles as well as biological materials. Soft materials can be distinguished from liquids owing to their defined shape and from hard materials by the deformability of their shape. This review article provides an overview of recent progress on the plasma engineering and processing of softer materials, especially in the area of synthesis, surface modification, etching, and deposition. The article aims to demonstrate the extensive range of plasma surface engineering as used to form, modify, and coat soft materials focusing on material properties and potential applications. In general, the plasma provides highly energetic, non-equilibrium conditions at material surfaces requiring to adjust the conditions for plasma–surface interaction to account for the specifics of soft matter, which holds independent of the used plasma source. Plasma-induced crosslinking and polymerization of liquids is discussed to transform them into gel-like materials as well as to modify the surface region of viscous liquids. A major field covers the plasma surface engineering of manmade soft materials with the help of gaseous reactive species yielding ablation, nanostructuring, functionalization, crosslinking, stiffening, and/or deposition to obtain demanded surface properties or adhesion to dissimilar materials. Finally, plasma engineering of rigid materials is considered to induce surface softening for the enhanced contact with tissues, to allow interaction in aqueous media, and to support bonding to soft matter. The potential and future perspectives of plasma engineering will be discussed in this review to contribute to a higher knowledge of plasma interaction with sensitive materials such as soft matter.