bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest characteristics and population structure of a threatened palm tree Caryota obtusa in the karst forest ecosystem of Yunnan, China
Authors: Tang Cindy Q , Lu Xia , Du Min-Rui , Xiao Shu-Li , Li Shuaifeng , Han Peng-Bin , Zeng Jia-Le , Wen Jian-Ran , Yao Shi-Qian , Shi You-Cai , Li Yun-Fang , Peng Ming-Chun , Wang Chong-Yun , Zhang Zhi-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Caryota obtusa of Arecaceae is a fascinating palm tree native to southwestern China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. It is an economically important and threatened species and appears as a canopy dominant in some karst areas in Yunnan. We aim to clarify the forest structure, species diversity, population status and regeneration dynamics of C. obtusa in the karst forest ecosystem of Yunnan, China. We established 56 vegetation plots dominated by C. obtusa in 10 counties of southern Yunnan. Based on the plot data, we analyzed the community stratification, floristic composition and C. obtusa’s population structure. We used questionnaires to interview local people and recorded the human activity history in C. obtusa-dominated forests. Caryota obtusa palm forests were distributed on limestone mountain slopes and gullies. There were seven forest community types. The stratification of each community included arborous layer, shrub layer and understory. The communities had rich species composition. For all the plots as a whole of each community type, Shannon–Wiener diversity index of either woody or herbaceous species ranged from 2.1 to 3.8. The diameter at breast height (DBH)-class frequency distribution of C. obtusa was a multimodal type. The regeneration was sporadic and dependent on intermediate natural disturbances. In the current population structure, a number of C. obtusa trees with small DBHs consisted mainly of the forest communities with no or a slight degree of human disturbances. Intensive human activities terribly hindered recruitment of C. obtuse, followed by the medium intensity of human activities.
Collision tumor of malignant tumors of the skin: dermal squamomelanocytic tumor coexisting with basal cell carcinoma—a rare case
Authors: Diamantopoulos Pantelis , Gouveris Panagiotis , Diamantopoulou Stavroula , Tseloni Lilika , Arkoumani Evdokia , Arnogiannaki Niki , Stavrianos Spiridon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Collision tumors are neoplasms coexisting in the some anatomical area. The most common combination is melanocytic nevus with basal cell carcinoma. Melanocytic nevus with basal cell carcinoma constitutes the most common cutaneous combination. Co-existence of two malignant neoplasms is extremely rare. We describe the case of a 69-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with a nodular mass on the back. We performed an excisional biopsy that revealed collision tumor, consisting of basal cell carcinoma along with mixed melanosquamous carcinoma. Subsequently, wide excision with sentinel node biopsy was performed. The sentinel node was negative. The patient did not receive any ongologic therapy.
Comparison of antibody immune responses between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in naïve and previously infected individuals
Authors: Al-Sadeq Duaa W , Shurrab Farah M , Ismail Ahmed , Amanullah Fathima Humaira , Thomas Swapna , Aldewik Nader , Yassine Hadi M , Abdul Rahim Hanan F , Abu-Raddad Laith , Nasrallah Gheyath K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Two mRNA vaccines, Pfizer-BNT162b2 and Moderna-mRNA-1273, obtained the Emergency Use Listing by WHO for preventing COVID-19. However, little is known about the difference in antibody responses induced by these two mRNA vaccines in naïve and previously infected (PI) individuals.

Method
We investigated the levels of anti-S-RBD (total, IgG and IgA) levels in naïve and PI individuals, 1–13 (median = 6) weeks following the second dose of either vaccine. Results in the naïve-vaccinated group, the mRNA-1273 vaccine induced significantly higher levels of anti-S-RBD total antibodies (3.5-fold; P &lt; 0.001), IgG (2-fold, P &lt; 0.01) and IgA (2.1-fold, P &lt; 0.001) as compared with the BNT162b2 vaccine. In addition, both vaccines produced significantly higher anti-S-RBD total antibody levels in the PI-group compared with naïve-vaccinated group. The PI group elicited a higher level of anti-S-RBD IgG than the naïve-BNT162b2 (P = 0.05), but not more than the naïve-mRNA-1273 (P = 0.9) group. Interestingly, the PI vaccinated group elicited a comparable level of IgA ratio to the naïve-mRNA-1273 group but significantly higher than the naïve-BNT162b2 group (1.6-fold, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results showed that the PI-vaccinated group produces a higher level of antibodies than the naïve vaccinated group, particularly for those vaccinated with BNT162b2.
Sudden discharge of young charged magnetars as a new model for FRBs
Authors: de Avellar M G B , Beaklini P P B , Nunes S P , Moraes P H R S , Malheiro M 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We propose a new model for Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) based on a sudden discharge of a charged young magnetar, caused by the short falling time-scale of oppositely charged particles on to the magnetar. In this scenario, curvature radiation is emitted by particles accelerated at relativistic by the strong electric fields produced by the disconnection and the subsequent reconnection of the magnetic field lines, a process triggered by the sudden discharge. We modelled the magnetars as charged neutron stars in the static approximation using the exterior metric by the Reissner–Nordström. We also adopted an electrical charge distribution proportional to the mass-energy density, although our results are not strongly sensitive to the specific star’s charge distribution, only to the total charge. Our calculations show that the discharge and emission time-scales are several milliseconds, compatible with the FRB phenomena for magnetars with a total charge of ∼1020 C and mass and radius in the range of 1.5–3.0 M⊙ and 10–45 km, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated total emitted power of a coherent pulse is $P_{\mathrm{ tot}}\sim 10^{42-43} \, \mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$, and the frequency range and time-scale are also consistent with FRBs astronomical observations. Finally, if the magnetar does not collapse after the discharge, the existence of FRB repeater sources cannot rule out the existence of a blast repetition after the time needed to magnetosphere recharges and produce a new discharge.
Whole-Genome Resequencing of Worldwide Wild and Domestic Sheep Elucidates Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Agronomically Important Loci
Authors: Lv Feng-Hua , Cao Yin-Hong , Liu Guang-Jian , Luo Ling-Yun , Lu Ran , Liu Ming-Jun , Li Wen-Rong , Zhou Ping , Wang Xin-Hua , Shen Min , Gao Lei , Yang Jing-Quan , Yang Hua , Yang Yong-Lin , Liu Chang-Bin , Wan Peng-Cheng , Zhang Yun-Sheng , Pi Wen-Hui , Ren Yan-Ling , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Wang Feng , Wang Yu-Tao , Li Jin-Quan , Salehian-Dehkordi Hosein , Hehua Eer , Liu Yong-Gang , Chen Jian-Fei , Wang Jian-Kui , Deng Xue-Mei , Esmailizadeh Ali , Dehghani-Qanatqestani Mostafa , Charati Hadi , Nosrati Maryam , Štěpánek Ondřej , Rushdi Hossam E , Olsaker Ingrid , Curik Ino , Gorkhali Neena A , Paiva Samuel R , Caetano Alexandre R , Ciani Elena , Amills Marcel , Weimann Christina , Erhardt Georg , Amane Agraw , Mwacharo Joram M , Han Jian-Lin , Hanotte Olivier , Periasamy Kathiravan , Johansson Anna M , Hallsson Jón H , Kantanen Juha , Coltman David W , Bruford Michael W , Lenstra Johannes A , Li Meng-Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDomestic sheep and their wild relatives harbor substantial genetic variants that can form the backbone of molecular breeding, but their genome landscapes remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive genome resource for wild ovine species, landraces and improved breeds of domestic sheep, comprising high-coverage (∼16.10×) whole genomes of 810 samples from 7 wild species and 158 diverse domestic populations. We detected, in total, ∼121.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, ∼61 million of which are novel. Some display significant (P &lt; 0.001) differences in frequency between wild and domestic species, or are private to continent-wide or individual sheep populations. Retained or introgressed wild gene variants in domestic populations have contributed to local adaptation, such as the variation in the HBB associated with plateau adaptation. We identified novel and previously reported targets of selection on morphological and agronomic traits such as stature, horn, tail configuration, and wool fineness. We explored the genetic basis of wool fineness and unveiled a novel mutation (chr25: T7,068,586C) in the 3′-UTR of IRF2BP2 as plausible causal variant for fleece fiber diameter. We reconstructed prehistorical migrations from the Near Eastern domestication center to South-and-Southeast Asia and found two main waves of migrations across the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau in the Early and Late Bronze Ages. Our findings refine our understanding of genome variation as shaped by continental migrations, introgression, adaptation, and selection of sheep.
The role of felt responsibility in climate change political participation
Authors: Munson Sammi , Kotcher John , Maibach Edward , Rosenthal Seth A , Leiserowitz Anthony 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research letter investigates the role of feelings of responsibility to reduce climate change (i.e. ‘felt responsibility’) as an antecedent to climate change-related political behaviors and intentions, including willingness to join a campaign, likelihood of supporting pro-climate presidential candidates and past contact with elected officials. Using nationally representative survey data (n = 1029), we find that felt responsibility has a significant positive relationship with future behavioral intent, but not past behavior. Implications and future research are discussed.
Rules Compliance Behavior: A Heuristic Model
Authors: Bozeman Barry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFew studies focus on the full array of employees’ responses to the formal rules governing their work. This article develops a set of propositions as to why employees comply fully with rules, comply in part, or disobey rules. The primary goal of the article is to stimulate further development of theory and research about rules-based behaviors. The article sets forth a Heuristic Model of Rules Compliance Behavior, “heuristic” because it aims less at explanation than the development of concepts and propositions about organizational employees’ rules compliance behavior. The model’s dimensions include the sources of rules, the characteristics of rule arbiters, the compliance requirements of rules, characteristics of sanctions for noncompliance, and rule density. The article concludes with suggestions for future research and argues that greater knowledge of rules compliance could provide a theory-enabling “scaffolding’ for several research topics related to organizational rules.
Empowering Student Antiracist Work to Overcome Inertia in Academic Health Centers
Authors: Ngo Victoria M. , Beaverson Sarah , Turkson Susie , Dow Alan W. 
Published: December 2021

The national struggles for social justice that have dominated headlines since 2020 are reflected in the challenges academic health centers are confronting as they strive to become more antiracist. One of the largest challenges for these institutions may be the inertia of the status quo. While faculty may have become accustomed to a status quo that perpetuates inequity, students provide perspectives that can disrupt this inertia and lead to positive change. Students, however, face barriers to antiracist work, including power gradients (i.e., different amounts of power people possess according to their position in a hierarchy) and a need to be accepted as part of the physician profession.
In this article, the authors examine these challenges to student antiracist advocacy. They identify student empowerment, faculty allyship, and sustainability as essential principles for student antiracist work. They suggest this work could be operationalized through sequential student-led task forces focused on addressing the most pressing antiracist issues. The authors further recommend an approach to professionalism and development of a physician professional identity based on the values of antiracism rather than on existing norms. With this foundation, students may be able to engage in antiracist work, build professional identities that are more antiracist, and become physicians who can ensure a more just health care environment for their patients and communities.
Time to Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children with Coexisting Developmental Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Lau Deanna , Tybor David J. , Perrin Ellen , Sakai Christina 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Our study evaluates whether having an alternate developmental behavioral disorder (DBDs) diagnosis before diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is associated with delays in diagnosis in a nationally representative sample.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the 2011 National Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services, a survey of children aged 6 to 17 years with ASD, developmental delay, or intellectual disability. A total of 1049 children met inclusion criteria for this study. Of these, 799 children were identified as “late” diagnosis if >12 months elapsed between the age parents reported concerns to a provider and age of ASD diagnosis and 250 as “timely” diagnosis if the gap was ≤12 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to look for association between having an alternate DBDs diagnosed before ASD and “timely” versus “late” ASD diagnosis.

Results:
The mean time elapsed between the age parents reported concerns to a provider and age of ASD diagnosis was 51 months for children with an alternate DBDs diagnosis before receiving ASD diagnosis and 29 months for those diagnosed with alternate DBDs concurrently with ASD. Having alternate DBDs diagnosis before diagnosis with ASD was associated with “late” ASD diagnosis as follows: developmental delay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR,] 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86–6.42; p < 0.001), intellectual disability (aOR, 9.75; 95% CI, 3.0–31.60; p = 0.04), attention-deficit disorder (aOR, 11.07; 95% CI, 3.43–35.71; p < 0.001), depression (aOR, 8.05; 95% CI, 1.07–60.03; p = 0.0495), and behavioral conduct disorder (aOR, 9.9; 95% CI, 3.55–27.62; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the importance of research to improve the early diagnosis of ASD even in the presence of coexisting developmental behavioral disorders.
Roles of ribosomal proteins in hematologic disorders and cancers: a review
Authors: Wang Jie , Yan Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ribosomes are important organelles for synthesizing proteins in cells. They are composed of ribosomal RNA and more than 80 ribosomal proteins. It is well known that an essential function of ribosomal proteins is to participate in protein translation. In addition, ribosomal proteins also perform extra-ribosomal functions, such as participating in DNA replication, transcription, and damage repair, regulating cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and transformation. In recent years, studies have shown that alterations in ribosomal protein synthesis or function can lead to various hematologic diseases, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 5q-syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and other blood system diseases. Moreover, abnormal expressions of specific ribosomal protein genes have been reported in many malignant tumors. In this review, we elaborated on the changes in ribosomal proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal, prostate, gastric, esophageal, and other cancers and discussed the relationship between ribosomal proteins and the occurrence of hematologic disorders and cancers.
Descemetorhexis Without Endothelial Keratoplasty in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Franceschino Adrien , Dutheil Frédéric , Pereira Bruno , Watson Stephanie L. , Chiambaretta Frédéric , Navel Valentin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty (DWEK) is an innovative corneal intervention and potentially effective against Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of DWEK, associated or not with phacoemulsification (PKE) and rho-kinase inhibitor (RHOKI) in FECD.

Method:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Science Direct were searched for studies until November 29, 2020. We performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions, stratified by the type of intervention and descemetorhexis size (PROSPERO CRD42020167566).

Results:
We included 11 articles (mainly case series, both prospective and retrospective), representing 127 eyes of 118 patients. DWEK globally improved visual acuity (effect size = −1.11, 95% confidence interval, −1.70 to −0.52, P < 0.001) and pachymetry (−1.25, −1.92 to −0.57, P < 0.001), without significant effects on endothelial cell count (−0.59, −2.00 to 0.83, P = 0.419). The 3 types of interventions (ie, DWEK ± RHOKI, DWEK ± PKE, and DWEK ± PKE ± RHOKI) improved visual acuity and pachymetry in FECD. A descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm improved visual acuity (−0.72, −1.29 to −0.14, P < 0.001) and pachymetry (−0.68, −0.98 to −0.38, P < 0.001), whereas >4 mm did not. Overall, DWEK failure (ie, the prevalence of EK after DWEK) was 17% (7%–27%, P < 0.001), with 4% (0%–8%, P = 0.08) for a descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm.

Conclusions:
Despite the lack of comparative studies, DWEK seemed to improve visual acuity and pachymetry in early stages of FECD. A descemetorhexis size ≤4 mm was associated with the best visual outcomes and pachymetry.
Utility of Functional Pneumonectomy by Using Intrabronchial Valves
Authors: Keenan Joseph C. , Cho Roy C. , Wong Jennifer , Dincer H. Erhan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Intrabronchial valves are approved for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and used for prolonged air leak. There is no data on bronchoscopic functional pneumonectomy (BFP) when treating patients with persistent air leak (PAL) or for lung volume reduction purposes.

Methods:
In this observational study, 10 consecutive patients who failed to improve with traditional therapies were assessed after they underwent BFP for PAL or lung volume reduction.

Results:
Ten patients underwent 17 valve placement procedures; 82 valves were placed (median: 8; range: 5 to 12). BFP was performed in 1 single lung transplant patient with hyperinflation of native lung compromising lung function. The rest of the patients had prolonged air leak because of various reasons; spontaneous (n=7) and postoperative (n=2). Pneumonia was the only procedure-related complication seen in 1 patient. Of patients with prolonged air leak with chest tubes (n=9), all had successful chest tube removal (median of 7 days; range: 3 to 21 d). The valves were removed within 6 weeks of chest tube removal in 6 patients. Prebronchoscopic and post-BFP actual forced expiratory volume in first second values in 2 transplant patients.

Conclusion:
PAL usually occurs in patients with severe underlying lung condition or after surgery. Management of PAL can be challenging despite pleurodesis (medical or surgical). BFP offers a minimally invasive management option.
Sphingomyelins and ceramides: possible biomarkers for dementia?
Authors: Loft Laura M.I. , Moseholm Kristine F. , Pedersen Karoline K.W. , Jensen Majken K. , Koch Manja , Cronjé Héléne T. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Dementia is a public health challenge with no existing cure or early biomarkers. We review the evidence for blood-based measures of sphingomyelins and ceramides as potential novel biomarkers of dementia.

Recent findings
In recent years, lipids have been under investigation for their role in neurodegenerative diseases especially dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence from postmortem human brains suggests that alterations in the metabolism of sphingolipids could play a crucial part in dementia. Findings from epidemiological investigations of blood-based sphingomyelins and ceramides have been inconsistent.

Summary
This review focuses on blood-based measures of 10 specific ceramides and sphingomyelins (Cer C16:0, Cer C20:0, Cer C22:0, Cer C24:0, Cer C24:1 and SM C16:0, SM C20:0, SM C22:0, SM C24:0, SM C24:1) in relation to cognition and dementia. On the bais of 15 studies, there was no robust association between ceramide and sphingomyelin levels and prevalent or incident dementia. Cross-sectionally, Cer C16:0 and Cer C24:1 tends to be higher in dementia cases vs. controls.
The role of nasopharyngectomy in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei-Hsin , Yeh Chien-Fu , Lan Ming-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Recently, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) has become an effective treatment for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This article reviews recent publications on ENPG and specifically addresses the surgical anatomy of the nasopharynx and discusses several important issues regarding ENPG.

Recent findings
The surgical techniques for ENPG have been previously described in several studies. The latest published data revealed good outcomes of ENPG compared with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in recurrent NPC. In addition, ENPG avoids severe reirradiation side effects. This review highlights the surgical anatomy of ENPG, which is important in preventing possible serious complications.

Summary
ENPG is a good option for managing recurrent NPC. Careful preoperative evaluation and a full understanding of the surgical anatomy help in preventing damage to nearby critical neurovascular structure. Long-term follow-up is still needed to evaluate its eventual morbidity and efficacy.
Balancing the tug of war: intraoperative and postoperative management of multiorgan transplantation
Authors: Patlolla S. Shiva , Gong Timothy , Hall Shelley 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Multiorgan heart transplants (MOHT) have steadily increased and account for approximately 4% of all heart transplants performed. Although long-term outcomes of MOHT are similar to heart transplant alone, perioperative management remains an issue with nearly double the rate of prolonged hospitalization. Better understanding of hemodynamic environments encountered and appropriate therapeutic targets can help improve perioperative management.

Recent findings
Accurate and precise hemodynamic monitoring allows for early identification of complications and prompt assessment of therapeutic interventions. This can be achieved with a multimodal approach using traditional monitoring tools, such a pulmonary artery catheter and arterial line in conjunction with transesophageal echocardiography. Specific targets for optimizing graft perfusion are determined by phase of surgery and organ combination. In some circumstances, the surgical sequence of transplant can help mitigate or avoid certain detrimental hemodynamic environments.

Summary
With better understanding of the array of hemodynamic environments that can develop during MOHT, we can work to standardize hemodynamic targets and therapeutic interventions to optimize graft perfusion. Effectively navigating this perioperative course with multimodal monitoring including transesophageal echocardiography can mitigate impact of complications and reduce prolonged hospitalization associated with MOHT.