bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graph convolutional networks applied to unstructured flow field data
Authors: Ogoke Francis , Meidani Kazem , Hashemi Amirreza , Farimani Amir Barati 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many scientific and engineering processes produce spatially unstructured data. However, most data-driven models require a feature matrix that enforces both a set number and order of features for each sample. They thus cannot be easily constructed for an unstructured dataset. Therefore, a graph based data-driven model to perform inference on fields defined on an unstructured mesh, using a graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) is presented. The ability of the method to predict global properties from spatially irregular measurements with high accuracy is demonstrated by predicting the drag force associated with laminar flow around airfoils from scattered velocity measurements. The network can infer from field samples at different resolutions, and is invariant to the order in which the measurements within each sample are presented. The GCNN method, using inductive convolutional layers and adaptive pooling, is able to predict this quantity with a validation R
2 above 0.98, and a Normalized Mean Squared Error below 0.01, without relying on spatial structure.
Synthesis and microstructure of Al2O3 aerogel composite induced by different transition/lanthanide metal ions
Authors: Gao Bingying , Cao Jinyao , Yan Yin , Li Xiazhang , Liu Wenjie , Mao Huihui , Zuo Shixiang , Yao Chao , Mao Linqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study of the influence of different substances introduced on the same matrix will provide a good guide for the construction of materials with good properties. A series of transitions/lanthanides metal ions doped or co-doped Al2O3 aerogel materials with three-dimensional nano porous structure were fabricated by a simple and facile modified sol-gel method. The effect of different transitions/lanthanides metal ions on the microstructure, textural properties, and luminescence properties of Al2O3 aerogels were investigated. By co-doping the Al2O3 aerogel matrix with Eu3+ and Tb3+, we fabricated Al2O3 aerogel luminescent materials with tunable color emissions under UV excitation. The characterization results showed that the microscopic morphology of these aerogels induced by transitions/lanthanides metal ions were obviously different. Interestingly, Al2O3-Eu/Tb (III) and Al2O3-Tb/Ce (III) aerogels exhibited a special flower-like structure. It is hoped that our work will offer some efforts for the preparation of functional materials with excellent properties.
Perichondrial Attached Diced Cartilage (PADC), a Novel Graft Material for Nasal Augmentation: 10 Years of Experience
Authors: Kazemi Ashtiani Abbas , Moghimi Mohammad Reza , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Achieving dorsal augmentation with onlay grafts presents several challenges. Visibility and warping of grafted cartilages can ruin an otherwise successful operation. A shortage of septal cartilage and rib donor site morbidity compound the problems associated with this procedure.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to find an autologous material for dorsal nasal augmentation that does not disperse upon implementation. This material also should have minimal resorption, resist warping, and not require a wrapping membrane.

Methods
In 30 patients, concha cartilage of the ear with attached perichondrium and fascia were removed. The concha cartilage was diced while it was attached to the posterior soft tissue. The purpose was to develop graft material for dorsal augmentation.

Results
In an average of 19.56 months follow-up, no sign of resorption, infection, inflammation, volume loss, or displacement of the grafted material was observed. Aesthetically the results were acceptable and most of the patients were satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusions
Perichondrial attached diced cartilage is a new material for the rhinoplasty surgeon to apply in different onlay nasal augmentation procedures in the unduly reduced nasal dorsum. This technique transforms uneven, peculiarly shaped concha cartilage into a flexible, versatile, and durable material. The donor site is in the surgical field and easy to access.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Safety of Operating on Breasts With a History of Prior Reduction Mammoplasty: Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Angiogenesis
Authors: Park Joseph Kyu-hyung , Park Seokwon , Heo Chan Yeong , Jeong Jae Hoon , Yun Bola , Myung Yujin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The vascularity of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is altered after reduction mammoplasty, increasing the risk of complications after repeat reduction or nipple-sparing mastectomy.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis of the NAC via serial analysis of magnetic resonance images.

Methods
Magnetic resonance images of breasts after reduction mammoplasty were analyzed for 35 patients (39 breasts) from 3-dimensional reconstructions of maximum-intensity projection images. All veins terminating at the NAC were classified as internal mammary, anterior intercostal, or lateral thoracic in origin. The vein with the largest diameter was considered the dominant vein. Images were classified based on the time since reduction: &lt;6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, &gt;2 years.

Results
The average number of veins increased over time: 1.17 (&lt;6 months), 1.56 (6-12 months), 1.64 (12-24 months), 1.73 (&gt;2 years). Within 6 months, the pedicle was the only vein. Veins from other sources began to appear at 6 to 12 months. In most patients, at least 2 veins were available after 1 year. After 1 year, the internal mammary vein was the most common dominant vein regardless of the pedicle used.

Conclusions
Repeat reduction mammoplasty or nipple-sparing mastectomy should be performed ≥1 year following the initial procedure. After 1 year, the superior or superomedial pedicle may represent the safest option when the previous pedicle is unknown.
Vaginal mucus in mice: developmental and gene expression features of epithelial mucous cells during pregnancy
Authors: Sugiyama Makoto , Machida Nao , Yasunaga Arata , Terai Nanako , Fukasawa Hanae , Ono Hisaya K , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Nishiyama Keita , Hashimoto Osamu , Kurusu Shiro , Yoshioka Kazuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The vagina is the site of copulation and serves as the birth canal. It also provides protection against external pathogens. In mice, due to the absence of cervical glands, the vaginal epithelium is the main producer of vaginal mucus. The development and differentiation of vaginal epithelium-constituting cells and the molecular characteristics of vaginal mucus have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we characterized vaginal mucous cell development and the expression of mucus-related factors in pregnant mice. The vaginal mucous epithelium layer thickened and became multilayered after Day 12 of pregnancy and secreted increasing amounts of mucus until early postpartum. Using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, we found supra-basal mucous cells as probable candidates for precursor cells. In vaginal mucous cells, the expression of TFF1, a stabilizer of mucus, was high, and some members of mucins and antimicrobial peptides (MUC5B and DEFB1) were expressed in a stage-dependent manner. In summary, this study presents the partial characterization of vaginal epithelial mucous cell lineage and expression of genes encoding several peptide substances that may affect vaginal tissue homeostasis and mucosal immunity during pregnancy and parturition.
Stop that! It’s not Tourette’s but a new type of mass sociogenic illness
Authors: Müller-Vahl Kirsten R , Pisarenko Anna , Jakubovski Ewgeni , Fremer Carolin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report the first outbreak of a new type of mass sociogenic illness that in contrast to all previously reported episodes is spread solely via social media. Accordingly, we suggest the more specific term ‘mass social media-induced illness’.
In Germany, the current outbreak of mass social media-induced illness is initiated by a ‘virtual’ index case, who is the second most successful YouTube creator in Germany and enjoys enormous popularity among young people. Affected teenagers present with similar or identical functional ‘Tourette-like’ behaviours, which can be clearly differentiated from tics in Tourette syndrome.
Functional ‘Tourette-like’ symptoms can be regarded as the ‘modern’ form of the well-known motor variant of mass sociogenic illness. Moreover, they can be viewed as the 21st century expression of a culture-bound stress reaction of our post-modern society emphasizing the uniqueness of individuals and valuing their alleged exceptionality, thus promoting attention-seeking behaviours and aggravating the permanent identity crisis of modern man. We wish to raise awareness of the current global Tourette-like mass social media-induced illness outbreak. A large number of young people across different countries are affected, with considerable impact on health care systems and society as a whole, since spread via social media is no longer restricted to specific locations such as local communities or school environments spread via social media is no longer restricted to specific locations such as schools or towns.
Optimal Timing of Remdesivir Initiation in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Administered With Dexamethasone
Authors: Wong Carlos K H , Lau Kristy T K , Au Ivan C H , Xiong Xi , Chung Matthew S H , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence is lacking about any additional benefits of introducing remdesivir on top of dexamethasone, and the optimal timing of initiation.

Methods
In a territory-wide cohort of 10 445 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from Hong Kong who were hospitalized between 21 January 2020 and 31 January 2021, 1544 had received dexamethasone during hospitalization. The exposure group consisted of patients who had initiated remdesivir prior to dexamethasone (n = 93) or co-initiated the 2 drugs simultaneously (n = 373), whereas the nonexposure group included patients who were given remdesivir after dexamethasone (n = 149) or those without remdesivir use (n = 929). Multiple imputation and inverse probability of treatment weighting for propensity score were applied and hazard ratios (HRs) of event outcomes were estimated using Cox regression models.

Results
Time to clinical improvement (HR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.49; P = .032) and positive IgG antibody (HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46; P = .029) were significantly shorter in the exposure group than that of nonexposure. The exposure group had a shorter hospital length of stay by 2.65 days among survivors, lower WHO clinical progression scale scores from 5 days of follow-up onwards, and lower risks of in-hospital death (HR = .59; 95% CI, .36–.98; P = .042) and composite outcomes; and without experiencing an increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Differences in the cumulative direct medical costs between groups were no longer significant from 17 days of follow-up onwards.

Conclusions
Initiation of remdesivir prior to or simultaneously with dexamethasone was associated with significantly shorter time to clinical improvement and positive IgG antibody, lower risk of in-hospital death, in addition to shorter length of hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Changes of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids Profiles in Pregnancy in Relation to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Lingjun , Zhu Yeyi , Wu Jing , Hinkle Stefanie N , Tobias Deirdre K , Ma Ronald C W , Weir Natalie L , Tsai Michael Y , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlasma phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) in early and mid-pregnancy have been prospectively related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Yet, changes of FAs following GDM diagnosis and treatment and their implications for glucose metabolism and control remain understudied.MethodsFrom the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies–Singleton Cohort of 2802 pregnant women, we ascertained 85 GDM cases using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 85 non-GDM controls after exclusion. Using plasma collected before (23–31 weeks) and after GDM diagnosis (33–39 weeks), we quantified 25 saturated, poly- and monounsaturated FAs levels. We estimated the fold change of FAs before and after GDM diagnosis, using multiple linear mixed models adjusting for confounders.ResultsEight FAs showed significant fold changes from the baseline values (23–31 weeks) among GDM cases as compared to women without GDM. Five FAs showed reduced fold changes [myristic acid (14:0): β: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.30, −0.14), palmitic acid (16:0): β: −0.02 (95% CI: −0.04, −0.01), cis-palmitoleic acid (16:1n7): β: −0.15 (95% CI: −0.24, −0.05), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n3): β: −0.19 (95% CI: −0.31, −0.07], and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (20:3n6): β:−0.16; 95% CI: −0.21, −0.11)], whereas 3 showed increases [heptadecanoic acid (17:0): β: 0.17 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.22), cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n7): β: 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.10), and arachidonic acid (20:4n6): β: 0.10 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.13)].ConclusionsOur study identified 8 FAs with unique patterns of change before and after GDM diagnosis that differed significantly between women with and without GDM. Our findings may shed light on the role of FA metabolism in the pathophysiology and disease management and progression of GDM.Clinical Trial RegistryNCT00912132
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Yield and Circulating-Tumor DNA Quantity from Liquid Biopsies of 12 139 Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang Richard S P , Xiao Jinpeng , Pavlick Dean C , Guo Cui , Yang Lei , Jin Dexter X , Fendler Bernard , Severson Eric , Killian Jonathan Keith , Hiemenz Matthew , Duncan Daniel , Lin Douglas I , Dennis Lucas , Aiyer Aparna , Gjoerup Ole , Oxnard Geoff , Venstrom Jeffrey , Elvin Julia , Ramkissoon Shakti H , Ross Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The amounts of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) present in peripheral blood liquid biopsies can vary due to preanalytic/analytic variables. In this study, we examined the impact of patient age, sex, stage, and tumor type on cfDNA yield, ctDNA fraction, and estimated ctDNA quantity from a large cohort of clinical liquid biopsy samples.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 12 139 consecutive samples received for liquid biopsy (FoundationOne® Liquid) clinical testing.

Results
Significant differences in both cfDNA yield and estimated ctDNA quantity were observed based on the underlying tumor type that initiated the liquid biopsy analysis and the stage of the patient (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, significant differences in ctDNA quantity were present based in both the patient age and sex (P &lt; 0.001). Importantly, we saw a significantly higher success rate of issuing a clinically useful report in patients with higher levels of cfDNA yield and ctDNA quantity (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
In this study, we show that ctDNA quantity varied significantly based on patient age, sex, stage, and tumor type, which could offer an explanation as to why certain liquid biopsy specimens are more likely to fail sequencing or provide clinically meaningful results. In addition, this could affect future clinical decisions on the blood sample volumes required to allow successful liquid biopsy testing.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) reveals conserved chromosomal segments in woody rosids
Authors: Shirasawa Kenta , Nishio Sogo , Terakami Shingo , Botta Roberto , Marinoni Daniela Torello , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), unlike other Castanea species, is resistant to most diseases and wasps. However, genomic data of Japanese chestnut that could be used to determine its biotic stress resistance mechanisms have not been reported to date. In this study, we employed long-read sequencing and genetic mapping to generate genome sequences of Japanese chestnut at the chromosome level. Long reads (47.7 Gb; 71.6× genome coverage) were assembled into 781 contigs, with a total length of 721.2 Mb and a contig N50 length of 1.6 Mb. Genome sequences were anchored to the chestnut genetic map, comprising 14,973 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and covering 1,807.8 cM map distance, to establish a chromosome-level genome assembly (683.8 Mb), with 69,980 potential protein-encoding genes and 425.5 Mb repetitive sequences. Furthermore, comparative genome structure analysis revealed that Japanese chestnut shares conserved chromosomal segments with woody plants, but not with herbaceous plants, of rosids. Overall, the genome sequence data of Japanese chestnut generated in this study is expected to enhance not only its genetics and genomics but also the evolutionary genomics of woody rosids.
Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs. high flow nasal cannula oxygen in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Osman Adi , Via Gabriele , Sallehuddin Roslanuddin Mohd , Ahmad Azma Haryaty , Fei Sow Kai , Azil Azlizawati , Mojoli Francesco , Fong Chan Pei , Tavazzi Guido 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Non-invasive ventilation represents an established treatment for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO) although no data regarding the best ventilatory strategy are available. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of helmet CPAP (hCPAP) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the early treatment of ACPO.

Methods and results
Single-centre randomized controlled trial of patients admitted to the emergency department due to ACPO with hypoxemia and dyspnoea on face mask oxygen therapy. Patients were randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to receive hCPAP or HFNC and FiO2 set to achieve an arterial oxygen saturation &gt;94%. The primary outcome was a reduction in respiratory rate; secondary outcomes included changes in heart rate, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, and Respiratory rate (HACOR) score, Dyspnoea Scale, and intubation rate. Data were collected before hCPAP/HFNC placement and after 1 h of treatment. Amongst 188 patients randomized, hCPAP was more effective than HFNC in reducing respiratory rate [−12 (95% CI; 11–13) vs. −9 (95% CI; 8–10), P &lt; 0.001] and was associated with greater heart rate reduction [−20 (95% CI; 17–23) vs. −15 (95% CI; 12–18), P = 0.042], P/F ratio improvement [+149 (95% CI; 135–163) vs. +120 (95% CI; 107–132), P = 0.003] as well as in HACOR scores [6 (0–12) vs. 4 (2–9), P &lt; 0.001] and Dyspnoea Scale [4 (1–7) vs. 3.5 (1–6), P = 0.003]. No differences in intubation rate were noted (P = 0.321).

Conclusion
Amongst patients with ACPO, hCPAP resulted in a greater short-term improvement in respiratory and hemodynamic parameters as compared with HFNC.

Trial registration
Clinical trial submission: NMRR-17-1839-36966 (IIR). Registry name: Medical Research and Ethics Committee of Malaysia Ministry of Health. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04005092. URL registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04005092.
Climate variability, innovation and firm performance: evidence from the European agricultural sector
Authors: Auci Sabrina , Barbieri Nicolò , Coromaldi Manuela , Michetti Melania 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is generally accepted that adaptation to climate variability requires a technological advancement strategy. However, the innovation process has received little explicit consideration in this framework. We employ a panel endogenous switching regression model to explore whether and to what extent climate variability affects firm performance through the ability to induce the development of adaptation innovations in key resource-based sectors in Europe during the period 2007–2017. Our findings confirm that the knowledge generation process at the heart of climate change adaptation technologies enhances firm performance, especially for firms in the aquaculture and fishing sub-sectors in northern European countries.
Screening and discrimination of optimal prognostic genes for pancreatic cancer based on a prognostic prediction model
Authors: Chen Zhiqin , Song Haifei , Zeng Xiaochen , Quan Ming , Gao Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor because patients are usually asymptomatic in the early stage and the early diagnostic rate is low. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify potential prognosis-related genes in pancreatic cancer to improve diagnosis and the outcome of patients. The mRNA expression profile data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and GSE79668, GSE62452, and GSE28735 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus were downloaded. The prognosis-relevant genes and clinical factors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis and the optimal gene sets were screened using the Cox proportional model. Next, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between risk grouping and patient prognosis. Finally, an optimal gene-based prognosis prediction model was constructed and validated using a test dataset to discriminate the model accuracy and reliability. The results showed that 325 expression variable genes were identified, and 48 prognosis-relevant genes and three clinical factors, including lymph node stage (pathologic N), new tumor, and targeted molecular therapy were preliminarily obtained. In addition, a gene set containing 16 optimal genes was identified and included FABP6, MAL, KIF19, and REG4, which were significantly associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, a prognosis prediction model was constructed and validated to be relatively accurate and reliable. In conclusion, a gene set consisting of 16 prognosis-related genes was identified and a prognosis prediction model was constructed, which is expected to be applicable in the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance of pancreatic cancer in the future.
Proteoglycan 4 (lubricin) is a highly sialylated glycoprotein associated with cardiac valve damage in animal models of infective endocarditis
Authors: Solakyildirim Kemal , Li Yi , Bayer Arnold S , Sullam Paul M , Xiong Yan Q , Lebrilla Carlito B , Bensing Barbara A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are primary colonizers of tooth surfaces and are generally associated with oral health, but can also cause infective endocarditis (IE). These species express “Siglec-like” adhesins that bind sialylated glycans on host glycoproteins, which can aid the formation of infected platelet–fibrin thrombi (vegetations) on cardiac valve surfaces. We previously determined that the ability of S. gordonii to bind sialyl T-antigen (sTa) increased pathogenicity, relative to recognition of sialylated core 2 O-glycan structures, in an animal model of IE. However, it is unclear when and where the sTa structure is displayed, and which sTa-modified host factors promote valve colonization. In this study, we identified sialylated glycoproteins in the aortic valve vegetations and plasma of rat and rabbit models of this disease. Glycoproteins that display sTa vs. core 2 O-glycan structures were identified by using recombinant forms of the streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins for lectin blotting and affinity capture, and the O-linked glycans were profiled by mass spectrometry. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as lubricin, was a major carrier of sTa in the infected vegetations. Moreover, plasma PRG4 levels were significantly higher in animals with damaged or infected valves, as compared with healthy animals. The combined results demonstrate that, in addition to platelet GPIbα, PRG4 is a highly sialylated mucin-like glycoprotein found in aortic valve vegetations and may contribute to the persistence of oral streptococci in this protected endovascular niche. Moreover, plasma PRG4 could serve as a biomarker for endocardial injury and infection.