bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismicity patterns in Pakistan and northwestern India associated with continental collision
Authors: Menke William H. , Jacob Klaus H. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Data from a local array of 12 short-period seismic stations located near the Tarbela reservoir in the lesser Himalayas of northern Pakistan are analyzed to estimate the anomalous thickness of the crust at the boundary between the colliding Indian and Eurasian subcontinents in the western Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc. Pn and Sn travel times indicate high upper-mantle velocities (8.50 ±0.35 km/sec for Pn at distances up to 1,500 km) combined with a thick crust near the continental plate boundary. Beneath the Himalayas the crust may be 97 ±15 km thick, which suggests it has been doubled in thickness. Local evidence indicates that this thickening occurs by imbricate underthrusting of the Indian shield.
In the Indo-Gangetic basin a heretofore unrecognized continuous zone of seismicity was found to strike parallel to the Himalayas about 200 km south of the Himalayan main boundary thrust. This zone rarely contains events with large magnitudes (m &gt; 5); but since it traverses centers of dense population (e.g., Delhi and Lahore) and straddles potential sites of planned nuclear power plants, it may constitute a serious seismic hazard. In the Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc a comparison is made of the pattern of locally determined seismicity with that of events located as teleseisms. Local network data cover a period of about one year and magnitudes m &gt; 2, whereas teleseismic data cover a period of 14 years and magnitudes m &gt; 4, based on recordings of the World Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Both data sources show similar patterns. The main difference is that teleseismic events with large magnitudes fall mostly on major faults, whereas locally recorded events with small magnitudes occur more scattered and often fall off major faults. Several seismic gaps in the present seismicity along the Himalayas and the Baluchistan arc are identified. At some gaps the corresponding fault segment appears to be at a low stress level because it has recently undergone a major stress relief, while in other gaps stresses may be high and, hence, the fault may be in preparation for a major stress relief in the not too distant future.
Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Global Resource Mobility. What Can Be Expected from It?
Authors: Piasecki Ryszard , Wolnicki Miron , Betancourt Erico Wulf 
Published: September 2021

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on business, government, and society is getting more attention. The leading AI sectors have higher productivity but a lower share of GDP than those lagging in digitization and AI. There is a technological gap, with still unknown consequences concerning the social contract, the expected new digital welfare profile, as well as the business strategy about globalization. The hypothesis is that while digitization was already in motion (2000–2005), capital outflow from the US to MHGEs (market high-growth economies) in Asia negatively affected its productivity outcome. Additionally, it is expected that AI will give more market power to multinationals, reshaping the social contract. Thus, the current western social contract will no longer be able to cope with the consequences of the weakness of the nation-state, its policymakers, or the powerful profit-driven multinationals to deal with the overall effect of AI. We aim to look at the impact of this new state of technology on the social contract, focusing on the proper actions of government and business to deal with it. We used a descriptive approach based on desk research concerning productivity data, European government policies, trade model analysis, and business approach to AI. We expect to demonstrate the dynamic interaction of the K/L ratio within the prevailing status of global resources mobility, and the dangers unregulated AI represents to labor. Policy actions are needed concerning the legal status of AI and how to avert the collapse of the social contract and the rise of oligarchic cyber‑autocracies.
Our general conclusion is as follows: While capital investments, which would have contributed to improved total factor productivity (TFP) in the USA, went to MHGEs, increasing their GDP growth in less than a decade, the broad use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will reverse massive offshoring, and new types of manufacturing processes will emerge in developed countries.
Un modelo meritocrático de producción de élites
Authors: Pineau Pablo 
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo analiza la construcción del modelo meritocrático moderno de producción de elites en el caso del Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Para tal, se analizan la propuesta curricular e institucional del período, las formas de selección de profesores y alumnos, algunos elementos de la cultura material, y las memorias de ciertos estudiantes destacados.
Esa propuesta meritocrática, que se diferenciaba del modelo oligárquico previo fundacional, se mostró cada vez más anquilosada en su respuesta a los nuevos procesos de democratización social y educativa. Esto se acentuó fuertemente desde el retorno constitucional en 1984 y la comprensión del nivel medio como parte del derecho a la educación.
Intractable Headache Akibat Fistula Karotis-Kavernosus Indirek Bilateral: Suatu Laporan Kasus
Authors: Hartono Rizky , Sani Achmad Firdaus 
Published: September 2021

Pendahuluan: Nyeri kepala hemikrania dengan presentasi menyerupai nyeri kepala primer namun tidak membaik dengan medikamentosa (intractable headache), perlu dicurigai suatu nyeri kepala sekunder. Etiologi nyeri kepala sekunder, ditegakan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik lebih lanjut. Adanya kelainan yang ditemukan, akan menuntun pada terapi definitif. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien dengan intractable headache dan ditemukan etiologi berupa fistula karotis kavernosus indirek dan membaik dengan tindakan embolisasi. Kasus: Laki-laki 29 tahun dengan nyeri kepala selama 2 bulan terakhir dan tidak membaik dengan medikamentosa. Nyeri kepala berdenyut pada sisi kiri menyerupai nyeri kepala primer dan makin lama makin memberat. Skala NRS 9-10. Keluhan disusul dengan pandangan mata dobel dan ptosis mata kiri. Dari MRI kepala sekuen TOF didapatkan gambaran hiperintensitas area sinus kavernosus. Dilakukan konfirmasi dengan serebral DSA didapatkan fistula indirek dari cabang arteri karotis eksterna dan intra bilateral menuju ke sinus kavernosus. Dilakukan embolisasi pada cabang arteri karotis eksterna kiri. Post embolisasi nyeri kepala menghilang tanpa obat-obatan. Kesimpulan: Adanya anomali vaskuler, pada kasus ini fistula karotis kavernosus, perlu dipertimbangkan pada kasus nyeri kepala intraktabel. Tindakan embolisasi merupakan terapi kuratif yang dapat menghilangkan keluhan nyeri kepala
Hubungan antara Kadar HBA1C dengan Hasil Sural Radial Amplitude Ratio (SRAR) pada Pasien DM Tipe 1 dengan Neuropati Diabetik Perifer
Authors: Hanifah Anny , Basuki Mudjiani , Faizi Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Pendahuluan: Neuropati diabetik perifer merupakan salah satu komplikasi mikroangiopati pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Manifestasi neuropati diabetik perifer paling banyak adalah polineuropati simetris distal, yang menunjukkan gangguan sensorik, motorik, serta penurunan refleks tendon dengan pola length-dependent. Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1 terbanyak diderita pada penderita usia muda, dimana saraf tepi memiliki amplitudo yang relatif masih tinggi, sehingga penurunan amplitudo yang relatif kecil, masih dianggap normal. Perbandingan amplitudo saraf sural dan radial dapat mendeteksi adanya neuropati subklinis. Penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 1 dengan kadar glukosa darah yang tidak teregulasi dengan baik mempunyai risiko 25.6% terkena neuropati diabetik perifer. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar HbA1C dengan kejadian neuropati diabetik perifer pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan subjek penelitian menggunakan consecutive sampling admission yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek penelitian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kadar HbA1C, amplitudo saraf sural dan radial dan dihitung perbandingan diantara keduanya. Hasil: Pada 38 subjek penelitian didapatkan 31 subjek penelitian dengan Sural Radial Amplitude Ratio (SRAR) rendah dan 7 subjek penelitian dengan nilai SRAR normal. Hasil analisis penelitian didapatkan bahwa pada subjek dengan nilai SRAR rendah lebih besar pada kelompok HbA1C tinggi yaitu 26 subjek (83.87%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok HbA1C normal yaitu 5 subjek (16.13%). Perbedaan tersebut bermakna secara statistik dengan p= 0.021, rasio odd 6.933 (IK 95% 1.173-40.981). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan negatif antara kadar HbA1C dengan kejadian neuropati diabetik perifer pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1.
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot
Authors: Recordon James A.F. , Halanski Matthew A. , Boocock Mark G. , McNair Peter J. , Stott Ngaire S. , Crawford Haemish A. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
In 2010, 2 authors of this current study reported the results of Ponseti treatment compared with primary posteromedial release (PMR) for congenital talipes equinovarus in a cohort of 51 prospective patients. This current study shows outcomes recorded at a median of 15 years after the original treatment.

Methods:
Patient health records were available for all 51 patients at a median of 15 years (range, 13 to 17 years) following treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus with either the Ponseti method (25 patients [38 feet]) or PMR (26 patients [42 feet]). Thirty-eight of 51 patients could be contacted, and 33 patients (65%) participated in the clinical review, comprising patient-reported outcomes, clinical examination, 3-dimensional gait analysis, and plantar pressures.

Results:
Sixteen (42%) of 38 Ponseti-treated feet and 20 (48%) of 42 PMR-treated feet had undergone a further surgical procedure. The PMR-treated feet were more likely to undergo osteotomies and intra-articular surgical procedures (15 feet) than the Ponseti-treated feet (5 feet) (p < 0.05). Of the 33 patients reviewed with multimodal assessment, the Ponseti group, compared with the PMR group, demonstrated better Dimeglio scores (5.8 compared with 7.0 points; p < 0.05), Disease Specific Instrument (80.7 compared with 65.6 points; p < 0.05), Functional Disability Inventory (1.1 compared with 5.1; p < 0.05), and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire scores (52.2 compared with 46.6 points; p < 0.05), as well as improved total sagittal ankle range of motion in gait and ankle plantar flexion range at toe-off. The PMR group with clinical hindfoot varus displayed higher pressures in the lateral midfoot and the forefoot.

Conclusions:
Although the numbers of repeat surgical interventions following Ponseti treatment and primary PMR were similar, the PMR-treated feet had greater numbers of osteotomies and intra-articular surgical procedures. Functional outcomes were improved at a median of 15 years for feet treated with the Ponseti method compared with feet treated with PMR, with advantages seen in the Ponseti group over several domains. This study provides the most comprehensive evaluation of outcomes close to skeletal maturity in prospective cohorts, reinforcing the Ponseti method as the initial treatment of choice for idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Addressing Smoking in Musculoskeletal Specialty Care
Authors: Thayer Logan S. , Tiffany Elizabeth M. , Carreira Dominic S. 
Published: September 2021

➤ Physicians who advise patients to quit smoking substantially improve cessation rates, but cessation counseling is currently underperformed.➤ Counseling, pharmacotherapy, and additional interventions can improve the chance of successful smoking cessation. Most patients require multiple attempts at quitting to be successful.➤ A list of referral contacts and resources should be developed and routinely offered to these patients. The national Quitline (1-800-QUIT-NOW) provides free access to trained counselors and “quit coaches” for each state program in the United States.➤ Government and private insurance plans in the United States are required (in most cases) to cover the cost of 2 quitting attempts per year including counseling referrals and medications.➤ Several biopsychosocial factors that affect orthopaedic outcomes (weight, anxiety, depression, etc.) are also relevant to smoking cessation; management of these factors is thus potentially aggregately advantageous.
RNA Binding Proteins Shape Latent KSHV Genomic Structure: Identification of KSHV Episome Tethering Sites on Host Chromosomes
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Lyu Yuanzhi , Yanagihashi Yuichi , Chantarasrivong Chanikarn , Majerciak Vladimir , Salemi Michelle , Wang Kang-Hsin , Chuang Frank , Davis Ryan , Tepper Clifford , Nakano Kazushi , Izumiya Chie , Shimoda Michiko , Nakajima Ken-ichi , Merleev Alexander , Zheng Zhi-Ming , Campbell Mel , Izumiya Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In previous studies, we have shown that expression of a viral lncRNA, polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA) is essential for inducible viral genomic looping and distal gene activation during Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation. Here we identify viral lncRNA binding proteins, and show that an underlying molecular mechanism regulating the KSHV latency-lytic replication switch is via a viral lncRNA-CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4) interaction. Proximity biotin labeling, single cell transcriptomics, and siRNA screening along with complementation studies identified that CHD4's enzymatic activity silences viral gene expression by preventing transcription factory formation. Furthermore, Capture Hi-C, Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), and proteomics approaches together identify KSHV episome docking sites on host chromosomes and colocalization with a CHD4 protein complex, ChAHP, at epigenetically active genomic regions. PAN RNA binds and competes with CHD4 DNA binding in vitro, and KSHV episomes detached from these host genomic loci sites when reactivation is triggered. Our studies suggest that CHD4 exhibits strong repressor function by preventing inducible genomic looping, and is therefore important for the ability of KSHV to establish and maintain latency in a "poised" state at selected host genomic loci.
Nonlinear Vibration of a Nonlocal Functionally Graded Beam on Fractional Visco-Pasternak Foundation
Authors: Nešić Nikola , Cajić Milan , Karličić Danilo , Obradovic Aleksandar , Simonović Julijana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a nonlocal functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a fractional visco-Pasternak foundation and subjected to harmonic loads. The proposed model captures both, nonlocal parameter considering the elastic stress gradient field and a material length scale parameter considering the strain gradient stress field. Additionally, the von Karman strain-displacement relation is used to describe the nonlinear geometrical beam behavior. The power-law model is utilized to represent the material variations across the thickness direction of the functionally graded beam.

The following steps are conducted in this research study. At first, the governing equation of motion is derived using Hamilton's principle and then reduced to the nonlinear fractional order differential equation through the single-mode Galerkin approximation.

The methodology to determine steady-state amplitude-frequency responses via incremental harmonic balance method and continuation technique is presented. The obtained periodic solutions are verified against the perturbation multiple scales method for the weakly nonlinear case and numerical integration Newmark method in the case of strong nonlinearity. It has been shown that the application of the incremental harmonic balance method in the analysis of nonlocal strain gradient theory-based structures, can lead to more reliable studies for strongly nonlinear systems. In the parametric study is shown that, on one hand, parameters of the visco-Pasternak foundation and power-law index remarkable affect the response amplitudes. On the contrary, the nonlocal and the length scale parameters are having a small influence on the amplitude-frequency response. Finally, the effects of the fractional derivative order on the system's damping are displayed at time response diagrams and subsequently discussed.
Target Occupancy Study and Whole-Body Dosimetry with a MAGL PET Ligand 11C-PF-06809247 in non-human Primates
Authors: Arakawa Ryosuke , Takano Akihiro , Nag Sangram , Jia Zhisheng , Amini Nahid , Maresca Kevin P , Zhang Lei , Keliher Edmund J , Butler Christopher R , Piro Justin R , Samad Tarek A , Smith Deborah , Nason Deane , O’Neil Steve , Trapa Patrick , Fonseca Kari R , Litchfield John , McCarthy Timothy , Carson Richard E , Halldin Christer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMonoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key serine hydrolase which terminates endocannabinoid signaling and regulates arachidonic acid driven inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS). To develop [11C]PF-06809247 into a clinically usable positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, we assessed the brain target occupancy of a MAGL inhibitor using non-human primate (NHP). Additionally, we measured the whole-body distribution of [11C]PF-06809247 in NHP and estimated human effective radiation doses.MethodsSeven cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for brain PET measurements. Two PET measurements were performed in each NHP: one baseline and one pretreatment condition with intravenous administration of PF-06818883, a selective MAGL inhibitor, (total of seven doses between 0.01-1.27 mg/kg). Kinetic parameters K1, k2 and k3 were estimated by an irreversible two tissue compartment (2TC) model using metabolite corrected plasma radioactivity as the input function. Ki by 2TC and Patlak analysis were calculated. The target occupancy was calculated using Ki at baseline and pretreatment conditions. Two cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for whole-body PET measurements. Estimates of the absorbed radiation dose in humans were calculated with OLINDA/EXM 1.1 using the adult male reference model.ResultsRadioactivity was decreased in all brain regions following pretreatment with PF-06818883. Occupancy was measured as 25.4%-100.5% in a dose dependent manner. Whole-body PET showed high uptake values in the liver, small intestine, kidney, and brain. The effective dose was calculated as 4.3 μSv/MBq.Conclusions[11C]PF-06809247 is a promising PET ligand for further MAGL studies in human brain.
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Chondrosarcoma Older Than 60 Years ： An Analysis of 610 Cases from the SEER Database
Authors: Chen Tailong , Zhou Nan , Tang Zhongxin , Guo Xing , Wang Wengang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of bone tumor which more commonly found in adults range from 40 to 60 years old. Few studies has described the characteristic and prognostic factors of patients older than 60 years. This study aimed to study this feature and identify the prognostic factors based on SEER database.Methods: Thus, we collected clinicopathological data of chondrosarcoma patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database from 1975 to 2018, and then use the Kaplan-Meier to analyze the patients’ survival. We also utilize Cox proportional hazard model to explore the prognostic factors and relevant characteristic including patients’ baseline demographics (age, race, and gender), tumor characteristics (tumor extension, histologic subtype, therapy, primary site, stage and grade.Results: After the implementation of exclusion criteria, there were 610 patients with chondrosarcoma older than 60 years. Our data showed that the incidence of chondrosarcoma is slightly higher in men than in women (52.3% vs 47.7%). In general, 90.8% of tumor had metastasized to distant sites. Meanwhile, 41.8% of tumors occurred in axial location (pelvis, spine, and ribs), 50.8% of tumors occurred in extremity (long or short bones of the upper or lower extremity), and 7.4% in other location (mandible, skull, and other atypical locations). Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (hazard ratio [HR] =2.553; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.754-3.716), grade (g2:HR:=1.299; 95% CI:=0.888-1.900, g3:HR=1.839;95% CI= 1.174-2.881, g4:HR=3.284,95%CI=2.053-5.253), distant metastasis (HR=3.264; 95% CI= (2.288-4.058), non-surgery perform (HR = 2.854; 95% CI= 2.022-4.028) were independent risk factors for 5-year overall survival.Conclusion: In conclusion, higher grade, non-surgery perform, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and distant metastasis indicated worse prognosis survival. Surgery can significantly improve the survival time of patients.
Spatial Spillover Effect of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation On Ecological Welfare Performance in China
Authors: nan guo bing , li tang , ru jia , ji lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper constructs a theoretical model to deduce the mechanism of environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance, selects the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 ~ 2019, uses the Super-SBM model to measure the ecological welfare performance of China, and the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance in China is empirically tested by spatial Durbin model. The results show: (1) there are regional differences in the ecological welfare performance of different provinces in China, which illustrates an unbalanced spatial distribution; (2) there is significant positive spatial correlation between market incentive, command -control and voluntary participation environmental regulation and ecological welfare performance; (3) The impact of different types of environmental regulations on the performance of ecological welfare in China is heterogeneous. Command-control and market incentive environmental regulations can improve the performance of ecological welfare, while voluntary participation environmental regulations have no significant impact on the performance of ecological welfare; (4) From the perspective of spatial spillover effect, command-control environmental regulation is not conducive to the ecological welfare performance of neighboring regions, while market incentive environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of ecological welfare performance of adjacent areas. The spatial spillover effect of voluntary participation environmental regulation on ecological welfare performance in adjacent areas is not significant.