bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Hyaloidotomy in Subhyaloid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kaynak Süleyman , Eryildirim Ahmet , Kaynak Tülin , Durak Ismet , Saatçi Osman , Eryildirim Süreyya , Özcan Yüksel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Subhyaloid hemorrhage is usually a benign condition that generally improves spontaneously and rarely causes visual loss. However, because subhyaloid hemorrhage may be associated with permanent macular changes before K spontaneously resolves, posterior Nd: YAG hyaloidotomy may be indicated in selected patients. We performed Q-switched IMd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy via the transcorneal route in two cases of subhyaloid hemorrhage. The hemorrhage instantaneously drained into the vitreous cavity, resulting in a dramatic increase in visual acuity.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification Using the Small-Port Phaco
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Nakao Fuminori , Hayashi Fumihiko 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the extent of corneal endothelial injury after phacoem unification using the Small-Port Phaco (SPP), a new phacoemulsification instrument that allows linear aspiration during phacoemulsification. Of 72 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, the SPP was used in 33 (group 1) and a standard phacoemulsification instrument in 39 (group 2). Endothelial cell density was examined by specular microscopy preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the percentage of endothelial cell loss was evaluated. Operative factors influencing endothelial injury such as the duration of ultrasound emission, the ultrasound power expended, and the amount of irrigating solution used also were measured.
The percentages of endothelial cell loss at both 1 and 3 months were significantly less (P < .05) in group 1 than in group 2 (in group 1, 4.3 ± 3.4% at 1 month, and 5.6 ± 3.8% at 3 months; in group 2, 6.9 ± 4.6%, and 8.3 ± 5.4%, respectively). The duration of emission was shorter and the ultrasound power discharged was smaller in the SPP cases. Since the total ultrasound energy emitted in the SPP cases was less than that in the standard-instrument cases, we conclude that the reduced corneal endothelial damage observed in group 1 was directly related to the smaller total ultrasound power expended in these cases.
The Effect of Silicone Intubation on Failure and Infection Rates After Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Walland Mark J , Rose Geoffrey E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Of 388 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy eligible for silicone intubation, intubation was used in 238 (61%) and not used in 150 (39%). The indications for intubation were canalicular disease or sac characteristics predisposing to failure. No significant difference was found in the rate of failure (.5 < P < 1.0) or soft-tissue infection (.25 < P < .5) for either primary or repeated surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not a Her these risks in relation to silicone intubation.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for the Assessment of Molteno Tube Position
Authors: Crichton Andrew C S , McWhae John A , Reimer Jeannie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to anatomic distortion or surgical complications, it may be difficult to determine the precise position of an implanted Molteno tube. We performed ultrasound biomicroscopy (high-resolution ultrasound) to test the usefulness of this modality in localizing implanted Molteno tubes in 10 patients with Molteno tubes. A 50-mega hertz transducer with a penetration of approximately 4 mm was used to produce a magnified image of the anterior segment. The Molteno tube was visualized without complication in all of these cases.
Procedures Involving StarShaped Capsulectomy for Managing Congenital Cataracts in Developing Nations
Authors: Berger Roland R , Kenyeres Agnes M , Van Coller Beulah , Pretorius Christine F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The management of congenital cataracts is still challenging, especially in developing nations, where surgical facilities are limited. Congenital cataracts were extracted from 22 patients (26 eyes): a procedure consisting of a star-shaped anterior capsulectomy and wash-out of lens material (STARWO) was performed in 16 of them (18 eyes) (group A); a procedure consisting of a star-shaped anterior capsulectomy, wash-out, anterior vitrectomy through the posterior capsulotomy, and repeated tearing of remnants of the anterior capsule (STARWAR) was performed in six patients (eight eyes) (group B). Intraocular lenses were implanted in both groups.
In group A, secondary membranes (27.7%) developed in five eyes, postoperative uveitis in four (22.2%), and a late Elschnig pearl in 1 (5.5%). In group B, there was one case of secondary membrane formation (12.5%), and one of postoperative uveitis; neither required subsequent intervention.
The inexpensive instrumentation used and the low rate of perioperative complications encountered in these patients make these two techniques attractive alternatives for managing congenital cataracts in developing nations.
Medial Canthoplasty for Optimum Support of the Lower Eyelid in 14 Patients
Authors: Mauriello Joseph A , Mostafavi Ramin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medial canthoplasty surgically fuses the upper and lower lids medial to the puncta. The authors modified the procedure by inserting a temporary lacrimal stent in order to avoid kinking and scar contracture of the canaliculi.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A medial canthoplasty successfully corrected lower eyelid laxity in 14 patients with the following conditions: (1) exposure and/or neurotrophic keratitis with medial ectropion and/or retraction of the lower eyelid (11 patients), and (2) inability to retain a prosthesis because of lower eyelid ectropion and contracture of the inferior conjunctival fornix (3 anophthalmic patients).
* RESULTS: All patients had a satisfactory cosmetic result despite minimal vertical and horizontal narrowing of the palpebral fissure. Complications included partial wound dehiscence and pyogenic granuloma.
* CONCLUSION: The modified medial canthoplasty described in this article corrects medial ectropion with minimal cosmetic deformity.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:869-875.]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Eyes Treated With Silicone Oil
Authors: Kaynak S , Söylev M F , Kovanlikaya I , Durak I , Çakmakçi H , Isik C , Saatci A O 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting retinal detachment (RD) in eyes filled with silicone oil, and to determine the MRI characteristics of silicone oil in vivo.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven eyes of seven patients with RD and eight eyes of eight patients without RD after silicone oil surgery were included in the study. All of the patients had clear media. MRI was performed in these patients. The results of ophthalmic examinations were compared with MRI findings.
RESULTS: MRI detected six of the seven detached retinas. The multiplanar imaging capability of MRI helped in showing the RDs in various locations. The chemical shift artifact exaggerated the retinal thickness and made the detached retina visible. Fat suppressed images showed the silicone oil-corneal contact clearly.
CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for demonstrating RD in eyes filled with silicone oil and can be used successfully in eyes with opaque media.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1019-1023.]
Restoration of the Anophthalmic Socket With Secondary Implantation of a Coralline Hydroxyapatite Sphere
Authors: Georgiadis Nick S , Terzidou Chryssa D , Dimitriadis Athanasios S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Restoration of the anophthalmic socket to improve the aesthetic result on the face.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors describe variations in the technique of secondary orbital implantation in 10 patients using the scleralwrapped hydroxyapatite (HA) sphere implant. Secondary implantation was performed in 4 patients without a previously inserted orbital implant, in 4 patients as an exchange procedure with a preexisting orbital implant, and in 2 patients with eviscerated eyes. Two of these patients proceeded with the drilling operation.
* RESULTS: All 10 patients achieved a better facial appearance. There were no postoperative complications during the follow-up period of between 6 and 53 months.
* CONCLUSION: Based on the authors' experience, secondary implantation of the HA sphere is a procedure of choice with no complications, but requires considerable skill and patience on the part of the surgeon.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:808-814.]
Combined Cyclodialysis and Cataract Surgery
Authors: Rowan Patrick J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Glaucoma patients who require surgery for cataract may be treated with a combined surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combining cyclodialysis with self-sealing, small incision cataract surgery for patients with cataracts and glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone the combined surgical procedure in 1 992 or 1993 were identified. The patients were observed through the medical charts to determine when treatment failure (lack of improvement in intraocular pressure [IOP] control) occurred. The routine clinic examination schedule for the cases was generally at 1 to 2 days, 1 to 2 weeks, 1 to 2 months, 3 to 4 months, 5 to 6 months, 8 to 9 months, 1 year, and at yearly intervals thereafter. The rates of treatment failure and mean time to failure were determined using life-table methods. IOP control status at the final available follow-up examination was summarized for the group.
* RESULTS: Thirty-seven of the 50 patients (74%) had a successful result. At the final available follow-up, 31 of these patients (62% of the entire cohort) were without all medications while maintaining IOP control. The other 6 patients demonstrated improved control by either requiring less medication to maintain control or by improving from the baseline level while being treated with medication. The reduced pressures appeared to be stable and maintained throughout a median followup time of 29 months.
* CONCLUSION: Combining cyclodialysis with small incision cataract surgery has been successful in a high percentage of cases in the authors experience. It has become the procedure of first choice for patients with cataracts and glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:962-968.]
Surgical Outcome on Combined Procedures of Lens Extraction, Intraocular Lens Implantation, and Vitrectomy During Removal of the Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Ando Akira , Nishimura Tetsuya , Uyama Masanobu 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the outcome of combined procedures of lens extraction, intraocular lens implantation, and vitrectomy during procedures for the removal of the epiretinal membrane, and attempt to clarify which factors affected the outcome of surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Surgery for the removal of the epiretinal membrane was performed and a 2-year follow-up program was maintained for 32 eyes at the authors' clinic during the past 5 years. The combined procedure was undertaken in 15 eyes, whereas a simple vitrectomy was performed in 17 eyes. Results were analyzed by postoperative ophthalmoscopic and slit-lamp examinations for visual acuity and complications.
* RESULTS: Six months after surgery, visual acuity improved similarly in both groups. But, 2 years after surgery, 11 eyes (65%) that underwent a simple vitrectomy showed decreased visual acuity due to the advancement of cataracts. The postoperative visual acuity at 6 months correlated to preoperative visual acuity, and the advancement of cataracts tended to correlate inversely to the age of the patients. Major complications did not occur in any of the cases.
* CONCLUSION: Earlier surgical management is better for treatment of the epiretinal membrane, and a combined procedure has advantages in cost reduction and is less troublesome, especially for elderly patients.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:974-979.]
One-Year Follow-Up of Laser Trabeculoplasty Using Q-Switched Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser of 523 nm Wavelength
Authors: Kim Yong Jae , Moon Chul Shin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of a new laser treatment of open angle glaucoma that targets pigmented cells in the trabecular meshwork for disruption.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 16 eyes of chronic open angle glaucoma patients were treated in the method similar to argon laser trabeculoplasty using Q-switched, frquency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (523 nm). The treatment results were followed and analyzed for a one-year period.
RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure reduction of 3.81 mm Hg (15%) at 3 months, 3.94 mm Hg (16.1%) at 6 months, and 4.93 mm Hg (20.2%) at 12 months from the baseline were obtained. Slightly greater reductions were seen in the responder group that consisted of eyes showing 3 mm Hg or greater reduction. Adverse reactions were minimal and not significant.
* CONCLUSION: This new laser trabeculoplasty has shown reasonable efficacy and safety on a limited number of eyes over a one year duration.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:394-399]
L’Habitat hallstattien de Brumath « lotissement Édouard Manet-deuxième tranche » (Bas-Rhin)
Authors: Mentele Serge , Plouin Suzanne , Guillaume Maxime 
Published: April 2021

Le mobilier du Ha D1-D2 mis au jour sur le site d’habitat de Brumath Betzetweg comporte un abondant ensemble céramique dont une partie, provenant d’une dizaine de structures, est associée à du mobilier caractéristique essentiellement métallique. L’abondance et la rareté de certaines pièces témoignent du statut important de ce site. Les activités agro-pastorales et artisanales sont attestées par certains autres éléments de ce mobilier.
L’aménagement des cours de récréation et l’organisation d’espaces de parole permettent-ils de réduire le harcèlement scolaire ?
Authors: Tolmatcheff Chloé , Bebiroglu Neda , Galand Benoit 
Published: April 2021

Cet article présente deux études qui visent à évaluer l’efficacité d’un dispositif de prévention et de lutte contre le harcèlement scolaire basé sur l’aménagement de la cour de récréation, l’organisation d’espaces de parole avec les élèves et l’instauration d’un conseil de discipline. Ces études suivent un plan de recherche quasi-expérimental impliquant un groupe intervention et un groupe témoin ainsi qu’une comparaison pré-test/post-test. Des mesures liées aux violences agies et subies, au climat scolaire, à l’adaptation psycho-sociale des élèves ainsi qu’à la cohésion et à l’efficacité perçue de l’équipe éducative ont été recueillies auprès de plus de 2 000 élèves de 8 à 13 ans et d’une centaine d’enseignants pour l’étude 1, et de 534 élèves de 10 à 12 ans pour l’étude 2. Les résultats convergent pour indiquer l’absence d’effet du dispositif évalué et soulignent l’importance des conditions de mise en œuvre ainsi que la nécessité d’évaluer rigoureusement les programmes avant leur diffusion à large échelle.
Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization
Authors: Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Casa Douglas J. , Périard Julien D. , Racinais Sebastien , Wingo Jonathan E. , Yeargin Susan W. , Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Belval Luke N. , Alosa Denise , Csillan David , LaBella Cynthia , Walker Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Objective
To provide best-practice recommendations for developing and implementing heat-acclimatization strategies in secondary school athletics.

Data Sources
An extensive literature review on topics related to heat acclimatization and heat acclimation was conducted by a group of content experts. Using the Delphi method, action-oriented recommendations were developed.

Conclusions
A period of heat acclimatization consisting of ≥14 consecutive days should be implemented at the start of fall preseason training or practices for all secondary school athletes to mitigate the risk of exertional heat illness. The heat-acclimatization guidelines should outline specific actions for secondary school athletics personnel to use, including the duration of training, the number of training sessions permitted per day, and adequate rest periods in a cool environment. Further, these guidelines should include sport-specific and athlete-specific recommendations, such as phasing in protective equipment and reintroducing heat acclimatization after periods of inactivity. Heat-acclimatization guidelines should be clearly detailed in the secondary school's policy and procedures manual and disseminated to all stakeholders. Heat-acclimatization guidelines, when used in conjunction with current best practices surrounding the prevention, management, and care of secondary school student-athletes with exertional heat stroke, will optimize their health and safety.
Alteration of Mitochondrial Function in Oxidative Stress in Parkinsonian Neurodegeneration
Authors: Qadri Rizwana , Goyal Vinay , Behari Madhuri , Subramanian Arulselvi , Datta Sudip Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Asok Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Appropriate mitochondrial function and oxidative balance are critical to neuronal survival. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress that can cause free radical damage to biomolecules of the cell components and the molecules in the cellular milieu that eventually lead to a variety of chronic diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction initiates neuronal apoptosis thereby leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Aim:
To evaluate oxidative stress vis-a-vis mitochondrial function (Cytochrome C oxidase activity) in PD patients, Parkinson plus syndrome (PPS) patients in comparison with healthy controls (HCs).

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional Study

Methods:
We assessed oxidative stress by chemiluminescence using luminol, and cytochrome c oxidase activity (CCO) by CCO kit using spectrophotometry in PD patients (n = 80), PPS patients (n = 40), and HCs (n = 40).

Statistical Analysis:
Data were presented as number (%) or mean ± SD/median as approximate. Quantitative baseline variables were compared among the groups using one-way ANOVA and qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test. The difference in median was compared using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Post-hoc Bonferronni correction.

Results:
Compared to HCs (Median 7.53 ± 15.58 RLU/sec/cell), ROS level in PD (14.13 ± 29.5), and PPS (17.43 ± 15.91) patients was significantly higher (P = 0.0029: HC vs, PD & P = 0.0500: HC vs. PPS). Also, ROS in PD patients (14.13 ± 29.5) was higher that PPS patients (17. 43 ± 15.91) but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). The CCO activity was found to be diminished in PD (Median: 0.025 ± 0.013 units/ml) and PPS patients (0.027 ± 0.008) in comparison to HCs (0.117 ± 0.049).

Conclusion:
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is associated with PD and PPS and may play an important role in etiopathogenesis. Though the cause–effect conundrum has not been comprehensively probed but addressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage may serve as an adjunctive therapy for PD and PPS. Iron metabolism as reflected in the red cell indices may aid in differentiating PD from PPS.
A Study of Serum Amylase as a Probable Prognostic Marker in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Raveendra K. R. , Mohan C. N. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:
Organophosphate compounds are frequently used for homicidal and suicidal purposes, organophosphates account for as many as 80% of pesticide-related hospital admissions. This study was done to estimate serum amylase and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) in acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, to correlate serum amylase with plasma ChE levels and to study serum amylase levels as a probable prognostic marker in acute OP poisoning.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institution, Bangalore, from November 2017 to May 2019, 110 cases of OP poisoning were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were grouped accordingly based on ChE levels into mild, moderate, and severe. Serum amylase levels were estimated on admission, at 48 h, and at outcome either recovery or clinical deterioration. Serum amylase was used as a marker to assess severity in acute OP-poisoning cases, to predict ventilator requirement and mortality, and also for prognostication.

Results:
In our study, a total of 110 acute OP-poisoning cases were included. The mean serum amylase levels at admission, 48 h, and the outcome were 54.81, 54.44, and 53.35 among the nonintubated group, respectively, and 152.23, 152.67, and 141.13 among the intubated group, respectively, with a significant P value (0.000*). This shows that patients who were intubated had elevated mean serum amylase levels (>90 U/l) in comparison to patients who were not intubated. Sixty-three patients had normal amylase levels on day 1 (≤90 U/l) (normal value of serum amylase as per the laboratory was 28–90 U/l) and 47 patients had raised amylase levels on day 1 (>90 U/l). Among 47 patients with raised amylase level, 18 patients died and there were no deaths in the normal amylase level group with P = 0.00* which is statistically significant. Raised serum amylase correlated well in predicting ventilator requirement and mortality in patients with OP poisoning.

Conclusion:
Serum amylase can be used as a reliable biochemical marker as it is easily available, relatively cheap, and it also predicts the requirement for intubation and mortality in acute OP-poisoning cases. Increased amylase levels on admission imply poorer outcome and increased risk of mortality, and thereby, it can be used as an alternative marker to predict clinical outcome and for prognostication.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) Infection and Its Impact on Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy
Authors: Venkatesan Kannan , Vivek Anand J , Sudesh Deshpande , Prakash Umbarkar , Bajpai Ranjit , Kabre Rohit , Hinduja Ritika , Alurkar Priyanka , Naidu Suresh , Chauhan Kamalnayan , Shinde Sandeep , Parmar Neeta , Jejurkar Ashwini , Kamble Prashant , Ullagaddi Santosh , Jadhav Omkar , Tawde Madhvi , Nambiar Jyothy , Rohekar Ravindra , Goraksha Preeti , Dharia Rajasi 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
COVID-19 illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It had an overwhelming effect on health-care delivery in India. We report the 5 months, April–September 2020, experience in our radiotherapy (RT) department.

Methods:
Since April–September 2020, we registered 184 cancer patients with various site diseases for RT/chemoradiation treatment for curative/palliative therapy. Preregistration and weekly once during treatment period all underwent throat/nasopharynx swab testing with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Dedicated infection prophylaxis was carried for patients and staff.

Results:
Of the 184 patients, 10.9% (20/184) swab results were positive for SARS-CoV-2. With appropriate COVID-19 care and quarantine, 18 patients completed the planned RT. Two died with COVID-19 infection illness and progressive locoregional cancer. We observed no excess acute RT/chemoradiation effects in this group due to infection.

Conclusions:
Our 5-month experience in this COVID-19 pandemic period reveals that RT treatment, COVID-19 care, and quarantine can be done with dedicated infection protective measures.