bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sternal human variability and population affinity: Frequency of discrete traits and their relationship with sex and age
Authors: Rojas Catherine Villoria , Olivares Javier Irurita , Tutor Pilar Mata , García Alexandra Muñoz , Sánchez María Benito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSternal morphological variations differ among populations and are influenced by the interaction between inheritance, development, and environment. There are currently no studies that include all variability from a morphogenesis approach following a homogeneous definition. The aims of this study were (a) to develop a standardized method for the anatomical study of the sternum; (b) to analyze the prevalence of the morphological variations and their relationship between sex and age; (c) to compare the results with other populations. The sterna of 155 skeletons from a Spanish population were studied. The age at the time of death was 17 to 97 years. We analyzed two metric and 22 sternal morphological variations described in the literature and designed an illustrated atlas. The atlas was validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to measure the prevalence and relationship between sex and age. To analyze the interpopulation variability, we compared our results with those from other authors. The atlas with definitions and reference images improves the observation and detection of all morphological variations of the sternum (ICC = 0.90). The dependence between the morphological traits and sex was significant for the variations in the sternal angle, the number of esternebra, and the development of the xiphoid process. No significant differences were found between age group and morphological traits. The expression of the sternal morphological variation and sex are population‐specific. The results will help standardize future studies and provide valuable information on the variability of the sternal morphological variation.
Einsatz von neuronalen Netzen zur Vorhersage des Materialvolumens von Injektionsbaustellen im Tunnelbau
Authors: Backhaus Jan Onne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die die digitale Dokumentation auf Injektionsbaustellen nutzt, um automatisierte, baubegleitende Vorhersagen der noch zu erwartenden Injektionsmengen zu berechnen. Bei der untersuchten Baumaßnahme werden Abdichtungsinjektionen im Rahmen des Projekts Stuttgart 21 für einen 3,2 km langen zweiröhrigen Eisenbahntunnel erstellt. Die vorgestellte Methode verwendet eine spezielle Form des neuronalen Netzes, das Feed Forward Network. Dieses wird mit den Injektionsmengen pro Tunnelmeter der einen Tunnelröhre trainiert, um dann die Injektionsmengen der anderen Röhre vorherzusagen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Funktionsweise neuronaler Netze wird gezeigt, dass die vorgestellte Methode in der Lage ist, die Gesamtinjektionsmengen mit einer Genauigkeit von > 5 % vorherzusagen. Die Daten wurden von der Renesco GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit der eguana GmbH erhoben.
Impact of MRI/US fusion‐guided prostate biopsy on biopsy‐naïve patients: A single urologist’s experience
Authors: Altok Muammer , Demirel Cihan , Kang Hyunseon C. , Choi Haesun , John David , Inguillo Irene A. , Davis John W. , Ward John F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report our experience with imaging‐guided targeted prostate biopsy (IGTpBx) for patients undergoing initial prostate biopsy in a clinical setting.Materials and methodsFrom July 2014 to February 2020, 305 men who had IGTpBx performed as their first prostate biopsy were enrolled. Two dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiologists segmented at least 1 region of interest (ROI) for each of these men using screening 1.5T MRI images. A single urologist employed the robotic‐assisted Artemis MRI/ultrasonography (US) fusion platform to obtain 2‐3 targeted samples from each ROI and additional random samples from the zones of the prostate outside the ROIs (a total of 12 zonal samples). Biopsy outcomes were categorized based on the Gleason score (GS) grade group (GG) as no cancer, favorable (GG < 3 or GS < 4 + 3), or clinically significant (GG ≥ 3 or GS ≥ 4 + 3) cancer.ResultsThe overall cancer detection rate was 75%:31% clinically significant, 44% favorable, and 25% no cancer. These findings triggered active interventions in 176 (58%) patients. A prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of 0–4 ng/mL was detected in 39 (66%) of 59 patients (32 favorable, 7 significant), 4–10 ng/mL in 147 (77%) of 190 patients (85 favorable, 62 significant), and 10 ng/mL and over in 44 (80%) of 55 patients (17 favorable, 27 significant).ConclusionsThe tumor detection rate was 75% with IGTpBx in patients without a previous biopsy. In addition, about 42% of detected cancers were deemed clinically significant and led to active interventions. IGTpBx as a patient’s first prostate biopsy improves the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer when compared with historical data for random systematic prostate biopsy.
Risk factors for early–onset seizures after stroke: A systematicreview and meta‐analysis of 18 observational studies
Authors: Ma Sitian , Fan Xiaoxuan , Zhao Xiaoping , Wang Kai , Wang Huan , Yang Yongfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the risk factors of early‐onset seizures after stroke, in order to better provide evidence‐based results for early detection, identification, targeted prevention, and treatment of this disease.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched to collect relevant studies on the risk factors of early‐onset seizures after stroke from January 2010 to January 2020. Meta‐analysis of all included studies was performed by using RevMan version 5.3 and Stata version 14.0 software.ResultsEighteen case–control studies with a total sample size of 13,289 cases, including 813 cases with early‐onset seizures after stroke, and 12,476 cases with non‐early‐onset seizures after stroke were included. The results of meta‐analysis showed that cortical involvement [Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.00, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) (2.85, 8.74), p < .00001], cerebral infarction with hemorrhagic transformation [OR = 2.77, 95%CI (1.87, 4.11), p < .00001] and intracerebral hemorrhage [OR = 1.83, 95%CI (1.13, 2.97), p = .01]‐related factors showed greater association with the occurrence of early‐onset seizures after stroke.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cortical involvement, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction with hemorrhagic transformation are important predictors and risk factors for early seizures after stroke, while the patient's gender, age, NHISS score, alcoholism, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, receiving surgical treatment, and reperfusion therapy showed no association with the occurrence of early‐onset seizures after stroke.
What metrics of harm are being captured in clinical trials involving talking treatments for young people? A systematic review of registered studies on the ISRCTN
Authors: Hayes Daniel , Za’ba Nur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe recording of harm and adverse events in psychological trials is essential, yet the types of harm being captured in trials for talking treatments involving children and young people have not been systematically investigated. The aim of this review was to determine how often harm and adverse events are recorded in talking treatments for children and young people, as well as the metrics that are being collected.MethodThe ISRCTN was searched for trials involving talking therapies and young people. Of 355 entries, 69 met inclusion criteria. The authors of these records were contacted for further information, and additional searches were conducted of protocols and papers.ResultsFindings show that around half of all records mentioned harm or adverse events in at least one piece of study documentation. Overall, metrics commonly collected are as follows: suicide, suicidal ideation and intent, self‐harm, changes to clinical symptomology, and the need for further or additional care.ConclusionsSimilar to the wider field of psychological interventions for mental health, the recording of harm and adverse events in children and young people tends to rely on a few key metrics, many of which are borrowed from drug trials. Examples of best practice have been highlighted, as well as recommendations for the progression of this research area.
Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to identify barriers and enablers to the delivery of webchat counselling for young people
Authors: Richiello Maria Giulia , Mawdsley Geoffrey , Gutman Leslie Morrison 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWebchat counselling is increasingly utilised to deliver mental health services to young people. Despite potential barriers to its delivery, a systematic investigation has not yet been conducted. This qualitative study examined barriers and enablers to the delivery of webchat counselling through text communication and identified possible strategies to tackle these, on behalf of counsellors volunteering for an online charity offering psychological support to young people aged below 25. The current investigation was conducted using the Behaviour Change Wheel, a validated and systematic framework employed to guide intervention development and optimisation. Qualitative interviews were carried out with eight volunteers. Thematic analysis identified 11 core themes. Barriers were lack of online communication skills, lack of training to work online with young people, technical difficulties, reduced technical supervision during out‐of‐office hours, duration of webchat counselling sessions, perceived level of effectiveness, perceived establishment of a therapeutic relationship and perceived confidence in delivering webchat counselling. Enablers were familiarity with technology, flexibility and the absence of physical characteristics. These themes were perceived by counsellors as barriers or enablers depending on factors such as experience with technology and work shifts. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), intervention functions and behaviour change techniques to address these barriers and optimise the service were identified, such as providing counsellors with training to work online with young people, learning new presence techniques to foster emotional connectedness between counsellors and clients, adding time to sessions to compensate for time taken to complete questionnaires and increasing technical support and supervision during out‐of‐office hours.
‘I don't feel insulted’: Constructions of prejudice and identity performance among Roma in Bulgaria
Authors: Giroud Adrienne , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Green Eva G. T. , Durrheim Kevin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrawing on studies showing that arguments about the nature of intergroup prejudice allow members of privileged groups to ‘perform’ a positive social identity, the present study explores how arguments about the nature of prejudice are produced by targets of prejudice in order to consolidate or challenge their own social identity. We conducted interviews with Bulgarian Roma and, based on a discursive psychology approach, analysed the way participants contested being assigned to a Roma‐exclusive identity category, which they treated as produced by prejudiced beliefs of the non‐Roma high‐status majority population. Positive intergroup contact was used to demonstrate the absence of prejudice and counter Roma identity threat. Auto‐stereotyping and disidentification, in turn, revealed how one's own situation is distinguished from the group. We discuss how identity performances founded on prejudice constructions work to maintain or challenge intergroup boundaries. We conclude that studies revealing prejudice constructions of minority groups can explain the sedative effect of positive intergroup contact on ethnic activism and help to reflect on integration strategies that would be compatible with social change in favour of disadvantaged minority groups.
C/EBPβ enhances efficacy of sorafenib in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Pang Chong , Miao Hao , Zuo Yanzhen , Guo Nana , Sun Dayong , Li Baoqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatoblastoma (HB) is the predominant hepatic neoplasm in infants and young children. Sorafenib has been used to treat adult and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. However, efficacy of monotherapy of sorafenib in HB is not sustained. In this study, we tested a possible combinatory therapy of sorafenib with the CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins (C/EBP) overexpression in HB cell line. Firstly, we evaluated the expression level of C/EBPβ in the patients with HB by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Lower level of C/EBPβ was observed in tumor tissues in comparison with matched normal tissues. Next, we observed that combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression led to dramatic growth and migration inhibition of live tumor cells which implied promising probability for clinical trial. Mechanistically, C/EBPβ which can be downregulated by Ras v12, augmented messenger RNA and protein levels of p53. These data suggested that a combination of sorafenib and C/EBPβ overexpression inhibited tumor growth synergistically and provided a promising approach to treat HB.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in prior coronary artery bypass grafting patients
Authors: Shoaib Ahmad , Mohamed Mohamed , Curzen Nick , Ludman Peter , Zaman Azfar , Rashid Muhammad , Nolan James , Azam Ziyad A , Kinnaird Tim , Mamas Mamas A ,   British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) and the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (NICOR)
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with stable angina who have undergone chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in native arteries with or without prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in a national cohort.BackgroundThere are limited data on outcomes of patients presenting with stable angina undergoing CTO PCI with previous CABG.MethodsWe identified 20,081 patients with stable angina who underwent CTO PCI between 2007–2014 in the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database. Clinical, demographical, procedural and outcome data were analyzed in two groups; group 1‐CTO PCI in native arteries without prior CABG (n = 16,848), group 2‐CTO PCI in native arteries with prior CABG (n = 3,233).ResultsPatients in group 2 were older, had more comorbidities and higher prevalence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Following multivariable analysis, no significant difference in mortality was observed during index hospital admission (OR:1.33, CI 0.64–2.78, p = .44), at 30‐days (OR: 1.28, CI 0.79–2.06, p = .31) and 1 year (OR:1.02, CI 0.87–1.29, p = .87). Odds of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR:1.01, CI 0.69–1.49, p = .95) and procedural complications (OR:1.02, CI 0.88–1.18, p = .81) were similar between two groups but procedural success rate was lower in group 2 (OR: 0.34, CI 0.31–0.39, p < .001). The adjusted risk of target vessel revascularization (TVR) remained similar between the two groups at 30‐days (OR:0.68, CI 0.40–1.16, P‐0.16) and at 1 year (OR:1.01, CI 0.83–1.22, P‐0.95).ConclusionPatients with prior CABG presenting with stable angina and treated with CTO PCI in native arteries had more co‐morbid illnesses but once these differences were adjusted for, prior CABG did not independently confer additional risk of mortality, MACE or TVR.
Spontaneous disappearance of common bile duct stones following the insertion of a new dumbbell‐shaped, covered self‐expandable metallic stent in a patient with benign biliary stricture
Authors: Ishizaki Yuto , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Konno Naoki , Asama Hiroyuki , Sato Yuki , Irie Hiroki , Okubo Yoshinori , Nakamura Jun , Takasumi Mika , Hashimoto Minami , Kato Tsunetaka , Kobashi Ryoichiro , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe new dumbbell‐shaped, covered self‐expanding metallic stent can efficiently remove the choledocholiths in cases with common bile duct (CBD) strictures; moreover, it may potentially prevent a positional displacement and contribute to the better improvement of the CBD stricture.
Primary pulmonary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in a young female patient
Authors: Kang Do Kyun , Kang Min Kyun , Heo Woon , Hwang Youn‐Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEven if the patient is young or female, a primary pulmonary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma could be considered as a differential diagnosis of multifocal consolidation in the lung.
Immature teratoma in an adolescent with Proteus syndrome: A novel association
Authors: Underwood John S. , Ours Christopher , Burns R. Cartland , Ferguson Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProteus syndrome (PS) is a complex disorder characterized by variable clinical findings of overgrowth and tumor susceptibility. This report presents the first known association between PS and an ovarian germ cell tumor in an adolescent with immature teratoma. A review of the diagnosis of PS and associated tumors is included.
Mixed malignant glioblastoma and schwannoma in spinal cord with metachronous ependymoma: A case report
Authors: Farzin Mostafa , Hajiabadi Mohamadreza , Rahmani Mohammad , Kolahdouzan Kasra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, we report a very rare case of mixed spinal tumor comprising of malignant glioblastoma and schwannoma, who was initially treated with tumor resection and adjuvant chemoradiation, but relapsed three years later with grade 3 ependymoma.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) presenting as a cystic retroareolar lesion in an African American man
Authors: Ndumele Amara , Kerger Amy , Tozbikian Gary , Obeng‐Gyasi Samilia , Oppong Bridget A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in males is rare, and there are limited data aimed at understanding the adequate workup, imaging, and follow‐up for men who present with breast masses. Attention should be given to black men who have a higher cancer risk and worse prognosis than white male counterparts.
Electroless Plating of Metal Nanomaterials
Authors: Muench Falk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectroless plating is commonly associated with metallizing macroscopic work pieces, but also represents a surprisingly powerful nanomanufacturing tool. This review details the technique's use for creating nanomaterials of arbitrary dimensionality, ranging from nanoparticles over nanotubes, nanowires, and ultrathin films to nanostructured lattices, focusing on the solution chemistry and mechanistic aspects. The synthesis of defined nanostructures serves as overarching perspective, which is enriched by drawing connections to and insights from related fields. Strategies for controlling the size, shape, crystallinity, porosity, composition, and arrangement of electrolessly plated nanostructures are outlined, including templating (which harnesses the method's exceptional conformality to guide and limit deposit formation), the complementary approach of selective growth, tailored seeding, and bath design. Being able to strike convincing compromises between material quality and ease of preparation, electroless nanoplating has a distinct potential to facilitate the application of metal nanomaterials.
A Supramolecular Porous Organic Cage Platform Promotes Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins
Authors: Smith Peter T. , Benke Bahiru Punja , An Lun , Kim Younghoon , Kim Kimoon , Chang Christopher J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report a supramolecular porous organic cage platform composed of cobalt porphyrins for catalyzing the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water at neutral pH. Owing to its permanent porosity, the supramolecular structure yields a catalyst film with a fivefold increase in the number of electrochemically active cobalt atoms and an improvement in Tafel slope from 170 mV/decade to 119 mV/decade compared to a planar cobalt porphyrin analog, reaching activities over 19,000 turnovers for HER over a 24‐hour period with 100 % Faradaic efficiency.
O/N/S trifunctional doping on graphite felts: A novel strategy toward performance boosting of cerium‐based redox flow batteries
Authors: Na Zhaolin , Wang Xinran , Liu Xiaoting , Li Wenjing , Sun Xudong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cerium‐based redox flow battery (RFB) is regarded as a compelling grid‐scale energy storage technology to revolutionize the utilization of renewable energy by storing the energy in liquid electrolytes. However, its widespread implementation is impeded by the cerium redox reactions that exhibit slow kinetics on commercial graphite felt (GF) electrodes. Surface functionalization may be an available activation strategy to achieve a significant boost in the electrochemical performance of GFs. However, conventional chemical and/or electrochemical routes for the surface functionalization of GFs suffer from the issues of complication, and the deterioration of the resulting modified electrode surface over long‐term cycle processes leads to catalytic activity decline. Here, we develop a facile and general strategy for introducing the functional groups to the electrode through the addition of l‐cysteine into electrolytes. The –COOH, –NH2, and –SH groups in l‐cysteine can induce oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur trifunctional doping on GF surfaces with lower deterioration rates, which enables the activated GFs to demonstrate a promising electrocatalytic activity toward cerium redox reactions and excellent durability when used as a cerium‐based RFB electrode. This study proposes a rational strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of existing modification techniques for GFs and provides a potential pathway toward high‐performance RFBs.
Photoinduced Force Microscopy as an Efficient Method Towards the Detection of Nanoplastics
Authors: C. ten Have Iris , Duijndam Adriaan J. A. , Oord Ramon , van Berlo‐van den Broek Hannie J. M. , Vollmer Ina , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Meirer Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Bert M. Weckhuysen and Florian Meirer at Utrecht University (The Netherlands). The cover picture shows polystyrene nanoplastics and how they are detected with photo‐induced force microscopy. This method overcomes the diffraction limit of infrared light by employing a nano‐sized tip as detector. Oxidative degradation and chain scission occurred on the surface of the polystyrene nanoplastics in salt water, as depicted by the carbonyl and aliphatic functionalities. Detecting nano‐sized plastic particles is essential for understanding how plastic waste breaks down into smaller particles in the environment.Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/cmtd.202100017.