bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallothioneins: Diverse Protein Family to Bind Metallic Ions
Authors: Parameswari Ettiyagounder , Ilakiya Tamilselvan , Davamani Veeraswamy , Kalaiselvi Periasami , Paul Sebastian Selvaraj 
Published: November 2021

Metallothionein’s (MTs) are the lower molecular weight (6-7 kDa) proteins that are found to be present in almost all organism types ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes species. MT are the metal detecting proteins that can mitigate the effect caused by the excess metal ions. They are also found to be involved in cellular process such as cell growth regulation, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and DNA repair. The protein was termed as Metallothionein due to the unusual higher metal (metallo) and the sulfur (thiol) content. They are further grouped into 3 classes viz., class I, II and III. The Class I and II MTs are polypeptides that were obtained from direct gene products, the class III MTs are from the cysteine-rich non-translational molecules that are termed as phytochelatins. The metal ions are been sequestered through the MTs with Cys rich motifs. All the cysteines are present in the reduced form and are been co-ordinated through the mercaptide bonds. The cysteines present in the MTs are preserved across the species, it is supposed that, cysteines are essential for the function and the MTs are required for the life. Metallothionins structure, conservation in evolution, their ubiquitous nature of occurrence, the genes redundancy and the programmed MTs synthesis in development, regeneration and reproduction of living organisms are some of the weighty arguments in suspecting MTs to also serve others and perhaps the high particular metal-related cellular roles. In this chapter, there is a detailed discussion about Metallothionein its structure, occurrence and function.
Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola: práticas gestoras de escolas estaduais da Região Metropolitana Norte de Recife/PE
Authors: Silva Grécia Gracielle Bezerra da , Machado Laeda Bezerra 
Published: November 2021

Neste texto apresenta-se o como funciona a gestão e o controle social do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola - PDDE - em escolas estaduais da Região Metropolitana Norte de Recife/PE, evidenciando as formas de participação da comunidade escolar e o papel das equipes gestoras no fomento à autogestão democrática. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com sete profissionais da gestão escolar vinculadas a escolas com unidades executoras próprias do PDDE. Os dados foram organizados com o apoio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que a gestão e controle social do PDDE estão concentrados na gestão escolar e que isto ocorre em razão de condicionantes materiais e institucionais comuns nas escolas públicas. Têm sido diminutas as práticas de participação e controle social nos destinos do Programa.
Desarrollo de la conciencia histórica. Una propuesta de intervención y evaluación para la Educación de Adultos
Authors: López-Bajo Héctor , Martínez-Rodríguez Rosendo , Sánchez-Agustí María 
Published: November 2021

En esta investigación abordamos una cuestión fundamental de la enseñanza de la historia como es el desarrollo de la conciencia histórica ligada al pensamiento histórico. Para ello, se ha elaborado una conceptualización exhaustiva de las competencias de la conciencia y el pensamiento histórico, con el objetivo de evaluar su progreso en un grupo de diecisiete estudiantes que cursan la asignatura de historia en la Educación de Adultos. La evaluación se ha realizado a partir de una propuesta didáctica diseñada a tal efecto e implementada a lo largo del curso académico 2019-2020. Los resultados muestran que, a través de la metodología aplicada, basada en actividades de indagación e interpretación histórica, los estudiantes pueden mejorar sus niveles de conciencia y pensamiento histórico. Además, se comprueba que, a pesar de tratarse de dos ámbitos diferenciados del conocimiento, ambos grupos competenciales progresan de manera paralela y complementaria.
The development of historical consciousness linked to historical thought, a fundamental issue in the teaching of history, is addressed in this research. To carry it out, an exhaustive conceptualization of the competences of consciousness and historical thought has been developed, with the aim of evaluating their progress in a group of seventeen history students in Adult Education. The evaluation has been made from a didactic proposal designed for this purpose and implemented throughout the 2019-2020 academic year. The results show that, through the applied methodology, based on historical inquiry and interpretation activities, students can improve their levels of consciousness and historical thinking. In addition, it is found that, despite being two different aspects of historical knowledge, both competence groups progress in a parallel and complementary way.
La enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales a través del patrimonio, videojuegos y emociones. Estudio de caso en un IES de Huelva (España)
Authors: Jiménez-Palacios Rocío , Cuenca López José María 
Published: November 2021

La educación patrimonial a menudo se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias metodológicas, determinando la realización de buenas prácticas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este estudio se centra en analizar cómo influye el uso de un videojuego en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales a través del patrimonio, atendiendo a las emociones que se generan en el aula. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa centrada en un estudio de caso donde han participado 31 alumnos/as de 1.º de ESO, la docente habitual y los investigadores. Los datos se han extraído de diversos instrumentos como un cuestionario, el diario de la docente o la producción de aula, entre otros que, posteriormente, han sido analizados a través de una tabla de categorías. Los resultados aportados denotan la importancia que tienen las emociones y la alteración de las metodologías habituales, mostrando una postura muy positiva en el aprendizaje.
Heritage education has often been related to the development of new methodological strategies, determining the realization of good practices in the teaching and learning process. This research focuses on analyzing how the use of a video game influences the teaching and learning of Social Sciences through heritage, taking into account the emotions that are generated in the classroom. 31 students of 1st year of ESO, the regular teacher and the researchers have participated in this case study. The data have been extracted from various instruments such as the questionnaire, the teacher's diary or the classroom production itself, among others, which have subsequently been analyzed through a table of categories. The results provided denote the importance of emotions and the alteration of the usual classroom methodologies, showing a very positive position in the learning of the students.
Haciendo historia para el bien común. Entrevista a Linda S. Levstik
Authors: Arias Ferrer Laura , Egea Vivancos Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

Esta entrevista a Linda S. Levstik se convierte en un repaso a cómo han cambiado los modos de enseñar historia y las ciencias sociales en las últimas cuatro décadas. La Dra. Levstik ha sido una de las figuras claves en el área de didáctica de la historia a nivel internacional a lo largo de los últimos decenios. Sus libros Doing History y Teaching History for the Common God se han convertido en lectura obligada tanto en EE. UU. como en el resto del mundo. Desde comienzos de los años 80 del siglo XX y gracias a la influencia de varios de sus maestros abrió una vía de innovación en la manera de entender la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente en los más pequeños. A lo largo de las preguntas que forman el cuestionario, la entrevistada deja una perfecta síntesis de lo que ha sido su manera de entender esta disciplina.
This interview with Linda S. Levstik serves as a review of the evolution of the history and social sciences teaching approaches during the last four decades. Dr. Levstik is one of the key international figures in the area of history teaching throughout the last decades. Her books Doing History and Teaching History for the Common Good have become required reading not only in the US but also in the rest of the world. Since the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, and thanks to the influence of several of her teachers, she opened a path of innovative approaches in history teaching, with a special focus on the youngest. Throughout the questionnaire, the interviewee depicts a perfect synthesis of her career and her way of understanding this discipline throughout time.
Highly Stiff and Stretchable DNA Liquid Crystalline Organogels with Super Plasticity, Ultrafast Self‐Healing, and Magnetic Response Behaviors
Authors: Meng Zhuojun , Liu Qing , Zhang Yi , Sun Jing , Yang Chenjing , Li Hongyan , Loznik Mark , Göstl Robert , Chen Dong , Wang Fan , Clark Noel A. , Zhang Hongjie , Herrmann Andreas , Liu Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDNA‐based gels are attractive materials as they allow intuitive rational design, respond to external physicochemical stimuli, and show great potential for biomedical applications. However, their relatively poor mechanical properties currently limit their technological application considerably as the latter requires mechanical integrity and tunability. With this work, a DNA organogel is reported that gels through supramolecular interactions, which induce mesophase ordering, and that exhibits exceptional stretchability, deformability, plasticity, and biocompatibility. Moreover, the nature of the supramolecular bond enables complete self‐healing within 3 s. Most importantly, the DNA‐based liquid crystalline organogels exhibit impressive ultimate tensile strengths above 1 MPa, stiffness higher than 20 MPa, and toughness up to 18 MJ m−3, rendering these materials the strongest among reported DNA networks. In addition, the facile access is demonstrated to composite DNA materials by blending magnetic nanoparticles with the organogel matrix giving access to magnetic field induced actuation. It is believed that these findings contribute significantly to the advancement of DNA gels for their use in smart materials and biomedical applications.
One‐pot reduction‐hydrophobization of heterogenized platinum with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane
Authors: Stoica Alexandru‐Constantin , Damoc Madalin , Baltag Laurentiu , Macsim Ana‐Maria , Nicolescu Alina , Dinu Maria Valentina , Ionita Gheorghe , Cazacu Maria 
Published: November 2021

An original approach for the design of hydrophobized heterogeneous platinum‐based catalytic systems is reported here. Heterogenization was performed by depositing the platinum precursor (H2PtCl6) on macroporous styrene‐divinylbenzene (SDVB) beads with a high surface area, ∼330 m2 g−1, as determined by N2 sorption data, followed by treating with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as Pt(IV) reducing agent without the need of special conditions. Simultaneously, the coupling by SiOSi bonds of the TMDS oxidation or hydrolysis intermediates endowed the SDVB‐Pt systems with an enhanced hydrophobicity (up to 10 times higher than that of SDVB support). In addition, to obtain an optimum catalytic system, which stabilize the supported platinium against leaching, several mixtures of TMDS with other methylsiloxane precursors, namely, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), α,ω‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane‐H‐methylsiloxane) (PDMHS), and α,ω‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane‐co‐vinylmethylsiloxane) (PDMVS), have been systematically investigated. The reduction of platinum, visible by an instant change in the color from yellow to black, was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, while its total content in the samples was determined quantitatively by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The obtained systems have been preliminarily assessed for catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of 1,3‐bis(vinyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and allyl alcohol with TMDS, and 1‐hexene with trimethoxysilane, as model reactions. The results indicate the high suitability of these systems as catalysts for the selective anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes, as well as for the very fast oxidation‐condensation homocoupling of H‐silanes in presence of a green oxidation agent (air), under mild conditions, with the release of hydrogen and its in situ addition to the double bond.
Exploring the Role of Surface States in Emissive Carbon Nanodots: Analysis at Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Kim Dongseok , Calabro Rosemary L. , Masud Abdullah A. , Kothalawala Nadeesha L. , Gu Minsu , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Son Won‐Joon , Hwang Kyu Young , Choi Hyeonho , Richards Christopher I. , Kim Doo Young , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) have been highlighted as promising semiconducting materials due to their outstanding chemical and optical properties. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of CDs has impeded a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind their photophysical properties. In this study, as‐prepared CDs are fractionated via chromatography to reduce their structural and chemical heterogeneity and analyzed through ensemble and single‐particle spectroscopies. Many single particles reveal fluorescence intensity fluctuations between two or more discrete levels with bi‐exponential decays. While the intrinsic τ1 components are uniform among single particles, the τ2 components from molecule‐like emissions spans a wider range of lifetimes, reflecting the inhomogeneity of the surface states. Furthermore, it is concluded that the relative population and chemical states of surface functional groups in CDs have a significant impact on emissive states, brightness, blinking, stability, and lifetime distribution of photoluminescence.
Chemo‐Mechanical Model of SEI Growth on Silicon Electrode Particles**
Authors: von Kolzenberg Lars , Latz Arnulf , Horstmann Birger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSilicon anodes promise high energy densities of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, but suffer from shorter cycle life. The accelerated capacity fade stems from the repeated fracture and healing of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the silicon surface. This interplay of chemical and mechanical effects in SEI on silicon electrodes causes a complex aging behavior. However, so far, no model mechanistically captures the interrelation between mechanical SEI deterioration and accelerated SEI growth. In this article, we present a thermodynamically consistent continuum model of an electrode particle surrounded by an SEI layer. The silicon particle model consistently couples chemical reactions, physical transport, and elastic deformation. The SEI model comprises elastic and plastic deformation, fracture, and growth. Capacity fade measurements on graphite anodes and in‐situ mechanical SEI measurements on lithium thin films provide parametrization for our model. For the first time, we model the influence of cycling rate on the long‐term mechanical SEI deterioration and regrowth. Our model predicts the experimentally observed transition in time dependence from square‐root‐of‐time growth during battery storage to linear‐in‐time growth during continued cycling. Thereby our model unravels the mechanistic dependence of battery aging on operating conditions and supports the efforts to prolong the battery life of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes induce ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells CD133+ by stimulation of Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Niazi Vahid , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Verdi Javad , Jeibouei Shabnam , Karami Farshid , Pourhadi Masoumeh , Ahani Milad , Atarodi Kamran , Soleimani Masoud , Zali Hakimeh , Zomorrod Mina Soufi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial cells that play an essential role in the maintenance, self‐renewal, and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the bone marrow niche. It has been proven that MSCs can be used as a feeder layer for the proliferation of HSCs to enhance the number of HPCs and HSCs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSC‐derived exosome (MSC‐DE) has critical roles in different biological processes in bone marrow (BM). In the current research, we examined the importance of hypoxia‐preconditioned MSC‐derived exosomes (HP‐MSC‐DE) and normoxia‐preconditioned MSC‐derived exosomes (NP‐MSC‐DE) in the self‐renewal and long‐term clonogenic potential of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB‐HSCs). We showed that the secretion rate and component of the exosome (EXO) were changed in HP‐MSC‐DE compared to NP‐MSC‐DE. Notably, the Jagged‐1 (Notch ligand) content of EXO was much more plentiful in HP‐MSC‐DE compared to NP‐MSC‐DE. The addition of HP‐MSC‐DE enriched by Jagged‐1 to the co‐culture system stimulates the Notch pathway on the membrane of UCB‐HSCs CD133+ and enhances proliferation. HP‐MSC‐DE induction using an anti‐Jagged‐1 antibody suppresses all biological functions of the Jagged‐1 protein. Importantly, HP‐MSC‐DE containing Jagged‐1 could change the biology of HSCs CD133+ and increase the self‐renewal capacity, quiescence, and clonogenic potential of CD133+ cells. Moreover, they support generating a large number of primitive cells. Our study signified the importance of HP‐MSC‐DE in the proliferation of UCB‐HSCs CD133+, which manifested therapeutic applications of EXO in the enhanced number of HSCs and subsequently alleviated bone marrow transplantation.
An Alternative Route to Complex Allenes or Cyclooctatrienes via a Suzuki Cyclocarbopalladation Cascade
Authors: Flores Océane , Locquet Pierre , Suffert Jean 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 4‐exo‐dig cyclocarbopalladation of vinyl bromides substituted with a triple or double bond resulted in impressive cascade reactions leading to different compounds under Suzuki cross‐coupling conditions upon a slight modification of the starting material. When the starting compound carries a triple bond, a single cascade occurs providing a structure containing an allene, a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane, and a cyclobutene with complete stereoselectivity. When the related starting material possessing a double bond is reacted under the same conditions in the presence of various vinyl boronic esters or acids, an efficient 8π‐electrocyclization provides tricyclic systems comprised of a cyclobutene unit, as well as a cyclooctatriene. Five carbons of the latter can be selectively decorated with different substituents depending on the choice of the starting material and the boronic coupling partner.
A Gaussian process‐based approach toward credit risk modeling using stationary activations
Authors: Mahajan Shubham , Nayyar Anand , Raina Akshay , Singh Samreen J. , Vashishtha Ashutosh , Pandit Amit Kant 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe task of predicting the risk of defaulting of a lender using tools in the domain of AI is an emerging one and in growing demand, given the revolutionary potential of AI. Various attributes like income, properties acquired, educational status, and many other socioeconomic factors can be used to train a model to predict the possibilities of nonrepayment of a loan or its chances. Most of the techniques and algorithms used in this regard previously do not submit any attention to the uncertainty in predictions for out of distribution (OOD) in a dataset, which contributes to overfitting, leading to relatively lower accuracy for predicting these data points. Specifically, for credit risk classification, this is a serious concern, given the structure of the available datasets and the trend they follow. With a focus on this issue, we propose a robust and better methodology that uses a recent and efficient family of nonlinear neural network activation functions, which mimics the properties induced by the widely‐used Matérn family of kernels in Gaussian process (GP) models. We tested the classification performance metrics on three openly available datasets after prior preprocessing. We achieved a high mean classification accuracy of 87.4% and a lower mean negative log predictive density loss of 0.405.
Combination of greedy and compass approaches for efficient multipath geographic routing in wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Chikh Asma , Lehsaini Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

SummarySeveral geographic routing protocols have been proposed for data transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), in which forwarding decisions are made locally based on one‐hop neighborhood information of each sensor node. These routing protocols involve one of two routing strategies: distance‐based strategy (greedy) which selects the closest neighbor from the base station as next‐hop or direction‐based strategy (compass) that chooses the neighbor with the smallest angle deviation toward the base station as next‐hop. This article proposes a multipath geographic routing protocol for WMSNs that combines the two routing strategies while taking advantage of their benefits, called greedy‐compass geographic multipath routing (GCGM) protocol. In GCGM, for the selection of a neighbor as next‐hop, a weighting coefficient is associated to each of the two strategies. We performed extensive simulations using OMNeT++ simulator with different scenarios to illustrate the performance of our proposal with our proposed weight values and with various weight values. Simulation results showed that our proposal with the proposed weight values provides better performance compared to GCGM with fixed weight values in terms of several performance criteria. We also compared GCGM with other routing protocols. Simulation results showed that GCGM provides better performance compared to TIGMR, LQEAR, and AGEM.
SMYD2‐mediated TRAF2 methylation promotes the NF‐κB signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Wu Weijun , Wang Jinghuan , Xiao Chenxi , Su Zhenghua , Su Haibi , Zhong Wen , Mao Jianchun , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Yi Zhun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe methylation of lysine residues has been involved in the multiple biological and diseases processes. Recently, some particular non‐histone proteins have been elucidated to be methylated by SMYD2, a SET and MYND domain protein with lysine methyltransferase activity.MethodsSMYD2 was evaluated in synovial tissue and cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients. We confirmed TRAF2 could be methylated by SMYD2 using Mass spectrometry, pull‐down, immunoprecipitation, methyltransferase assay, ubiquitination assay, luciferase reporter assays, and western blot analyses. Using loss‐ and gain‐of function studies, we explored the biological functions of SMYD2 in vitro and in vivo. Using acute and chronic inflammation with different mice models to determine the impact of SMYD2.ResultsHere, we first time confirmed that the cytoplasmic protein TRAF2 as the kernel node for NF‐κB signaling pathway could be methylated by SMYD2. SMYD2‐mediated TRAF2 methylation contributed to the durative sensitization of NF‐κB signaling transduction through restraining its own proteolysis and enhancing the activity. In addition, we found knocking down of SMYD2 has different degrees of mitigation in acute and chronic inflammation mice models. Furthermore, as the lysine‐specific demethylase, LSD1 could resist methylation on TRAF2 induced by SMYD2.ConclusionsOur data uncovered an unprecedented cytoplasmic protein network that employed methylation of TRAF2 for the maintenance of NF‐κB activation during inflammatory diseases.