bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Responsibility Auditing in Supply Chain Networks
Authors: Zhang Han , Aydin Goker , Parker Rodney P. 
Published: April 2021

We study a buyer’s problem of auditing suppliers within an existing network to ensure social responsibility compliance. The buyer suffers economic damages if a violation at a supplier is exposed (whether by the media, regulator, or nongovernmental organization). To avoid damages, the buyer may audit the network to identify noncompliance. If a supplier fails an audit, the buyer must take one of two costly actions: either rectify the supplier or drop the supplier (along with any dependent suppliers). Dropping a supplier changes the network topology, reducing competition and thereby increasing the buyer’s input cost arising from an equilibrium. We show that the buyer’s optimal dynamic auditing policy has two subphases: the buyer will first audit and drop some suppliers before either auditing and rectifying all remaining suppliers or halting auditing altogether. By halting, the buyer tolerates some noncompliance in the network (“see no evil, hear no evil”). Within the audit-and-drop subphase, when auditing only in the upper tier, the buyer always audits a least valuable unaudited supplier, yielding greater balance in the network. When the buyer audits both tiers, it might choose a supplier other than the least valuable. The buyer may choose a supplier in a pivotal position to help ascertain the viability of a portion of the network (“litmus test”). In extensions, we find that when violations in tier 1 carry a higher penalty for the buyer, the buyer may audit and rectify only tier 1 suppliers; when audits may be inaccurate, the buyer more likely tolerates a greater level of noncompliance.This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
The use of onabotulinumtoxin A in migraine: mechanism of action, efficacy, safety and tolerability
Authors: Fromage Gemma 
Published: April 2021

Migraine is a common, yet disabling, neurological disorder that is characterised by recurrent attacks of headache lasting 4–72 hours at a time. Headaches may also present with associated symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia and/or phonophobia. There is a distinction between episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). Classed as a distinct clinical entity, patients with CM suffer from more headache days, increased headache disability, reduced health-related quality of life and greater co-morbidity than those with EM. CM is also considered a greater socioeconomic burden and associated with higher healthcare resource utilisation compared to EM. The main goal in CM treatment is to reduce the impact of migraine on the patient's life. Treatments combine lifestyle changes, trigger management and pharmacological management based on two aims: immediate treatment of acute migraine attacks and prophylactic treatment. Onabotulinumtoxin A is the only botulinum toxin licensed for the prevention of headaches in CM patients. The efficacy of injectable onabotulinumtoxin A for headache prevention in adults with CM was evaluated over 1 year in the phase 3 clinical trials of PREEMPT 1 and PREEMPT 2. A longer term study over a period of 2 years took place, and this phase 4 study was known as COMPEL. Good clinical evidence was found that treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A leads to a reduction of monthly headache days, as well as improvement in quality of life, and was both safe and well tolerated.
Orthodontic Referrals: Electronic versus Paper
Authors: Hershaw Catherine Maria 
Published: April 2021

The Cwm Taf Community Dental Service (CDS) has previously used a paper system to refer patients to the orthodontic specialists within the Cwm Taf CDS. However, at the beginning of June 2019, an electronic referral system was introduced. Although electronic referrals have had a minimal effect on the overall waiting time for a patient, there has been an improvement in the efficiency of transfer of orthodontic referrals within the CDS. Electronic referral systems have reduced the number of inappropriate referrals, improved patient confidentiality and maintained an accurate record that is accessible from any of the Cwm Taf CDS clinics. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The article highlights the benefits of an electronic referral system with respect to reducing both inappropriate referrals and waiting times.
Orthodontic Conundrums Part 3: Indications for the loss of a lower incisor
Authors: Adam Naeem I , Lyons-Coleman Minnie , Jowett Adam , Hodge Trevor 
Published: April 2021

The final article in our series on orthodontic conundrums considers the extraction of a single lower incisor as part of a wider orthodontic treatment plan. This is a relatively uncommon approach; however, when used in the appropriate clinical scenario, it can be highly effective. Extraction of a lower incisor may be required to provide space for alignment of the teeth and serve as a pragmatic way to facilitate treatment while preserving posterior units. This article explores some of the possible orthodontic indications and contraindications for extraction of a lower incisor. CPD/Clinical Relevance: In certain clinical situations, extraction of a lower incisor has significant advantages. Dental professionals should be aware of this extraction pattern and its limitations.
Non-conventional methods for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. A contemporary overview
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Sharif Mohammad Owaise 
Published: April 2021

In today's fast-paced world, reducing the duration of orthodontic treatment has become a priority for patients seeking treatment. There are now several approaches and devices available that are reported to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and, fortunately, there has been an increase in the amount of research in this area in recent times. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the different non-conventional methods that can be used to accelerate OTM, and to discuss their effectiveness, as well as their potential shortcomings.
Orthodontic management of impacted mandibular second molars: A case series
Authors: Cunningham Andrea , Patel Dipali , Sheriteh Zahra 
Published: April 2021

This case series describes a number of different treatment modalities used in the management of impacted mandibular second molars (MM2s). A variety of cases is used to illustrate a number of ways in which these teeth can be managed, and to demonstrate that each case should be managed on an individual basis, taking into account the overall malocclusion. The importance of early diagnosis and management is highlighted throughout.CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case series highlights the difficulties and challenges in managing patients who present with impacted lower second molars (MM2s), and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Detecting APT Attacks Based on Network Traffic Using Machine Learning
Authors: Do Xuan Cho 
Published: April 2021

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are a form of malicious, intentionally and clearly targeted attack. By using many sophisticated and complicated methods and technologies to attack targets in order to obtain confidential and sensitive information. In fact, in order to detect APT attacks, detection systems often need to apply many parallel and series techniques in order to make the most of the advantages as well as minimize the disadvantages of each technique. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method of detecting APT attacks based on abnormal behaviors of Network traffic using machine learning. Accordingly, in our research, the abnormal behavior of APT attacks in Network Traffic will be defined on both components: Domain and IP. Then, these behaviors are evaluated and classified based on the Random Forest classification algorithm to conclude about the behavior of APT attacks. Details of the definition of abnormal behaviors of the Domain and IP will be presented in section 3.2 of the paper. The synchronous APT attack detection method proposed in this paper is a novel approach, which will help information security systems detect quickly and accurately signs of the APT attack campaign in the organization. The experimental results presented in section 4 will demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Ética, salud pública y COVID-19: algunas consideraciones (elementales) impopulares
Authors: Segura Benedicto Andreu 
Published: April 2021

Desde la mirada de un epidemiólogo jubilado se consideran algunos aspectos de la entidad nosológica COVID-19 particularmente relevantes para la salud pública desde una perspectiva ética, como por ejemplo el papel de los medios de comunicación, de las redes sociales, de los expertos y de la ciudadanía sobre la percepción de la magnitud del problema y la adopción de unas medidas preventivas muy drásticas e intrusivas cuyos efectos adversos pueden superar los atribuibles directamente a la infección. Un resumen de los requisitos que, desde la aplicación de la ética a la salud pública, se recomiendan a la hora de poner en práctica las medidas colectivas de protección de la salud comunitaria, complementa el trabajo.
Deep image enhancement for ill light imaging
Authors: Khan Rizwan , Yang You , Liu Qiong , Shen Jialie , Li Bing 
Published: April 2021

Imaging in the natural scene under ill lighting conditions (e.g., low light, back-lit, over-exposed front-lit, and any combinations of them) suffers from both over- and under-exposure at the same time, whereas processing of such images often results in over- and under-enhancement. A single small image sensor can hardly provide satisfactory quality for ill lighting conditions with ordinary optical lenses in capturing devices. Challenges arise in the maintenance of a visual smoothness between those regions, while color and contrast should be well preserved. The problem has been approached by various methods, including multiple sensors and handcrafted parameters, but extant model capacity is limited to only some specific scenes (i.e., lighting conditions). Motivated by these challenges, in this paper, we propose a deep image enhancement method for color images captured under ill lighting conditions. In this method, input images are first decomposed into reflection and illumination maps with the proposed layer distribution loss net, where the illumination blindness and structure degradation problem can be subsequently solved via these two components, respectively. The hidden degradation in reflection and illumination is tuned with a knowledge-based adaptive enhancement constraint designed for ill illuminated images. The model can maintain a balance of smoothness and contribute to solving the problem of noise besides over- and under-enhancement. The local consistency in illumination is achieved via a repairing operation performed in the proposed Repair-Net. The total variation operator is optimized to acquire local consistency, and the image gradient is guided with the proposed enhancement constraint. Finally, a product of updated reflection and illumination maps reconstructs an enhanced image. Experiments are organized under both very low exposure and ill illumination conditions, where a new dataset is also proposed. Results on both experiments show that our method has superior performance in preserving structural and textural details compared to other states of the art, which suggests that our method is more practical in future visual applications.
Demonstration of terabit coherent on-chip optical interconnects employing mode-division multiplexing
Authors: Huang Hanzi , Huang Yetian , He Yu , Chen Haoshuo , Zhang Yong , Zhang Qianwu , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Ryf Roland , Song Yingxiong , Su Yikai 
Published: April 2021

We experimentally demonstrate a net capacity per wavelength of 1.23 Tb/s with 30 GBaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) mode-division multiplexing (MDM) signals over a single silicon-on-insulator (SOI) multimode waveguide for optical interconnects employing

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multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) digital signal processing. In order to simplify the receiver architecture for coherent optical interconnects, we further propose and evaluate an on-chip self-homodyne coherent detection (SHCD) scheme. In the experiment, 30 Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals carried by 10 waveguide modes are successfully recovered with bit error rates (BERs) below 7% forward error correction (FEC) threshold using the pilot tone delivered by

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mode as a local oscillator. Around 10% penalty on error vector magnitude (EVM) is observed due to modal cross talk compared to homodyne detection.
Whose shoulders is health research standing on? Determining the key actors and contents of the prevailing biomedical research agenda
Authors: Testoni Federico E. , García Carrillo Mercedes , Gagnon Marc-André , Rikap Cecilia , Blaustein Matías 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundConflicts of interest in biomedical research can influence research results and drive research agendas away from public health priorities. Previous agenda-setting studies share two shortfalls: they only account for direct connections between academic institutions and firms, as well as potential bias based on researchers’ personal beliefs. This paper’s goal is to determine the key actors and contents of the prevailing health and biomedical sciences (HBMS) research agenda, overcoming these shortfalls.MethodsWe performed a bibliometric and lexical analysis of 95,415 scientific articles published between 1999 and 2018 in the highest impact factor journals within HBMS, using the Web of Science database and the CorText platform. HBMS’s prevailing knowledge network of institutions was proxied with network maps where nodes represent affiliations and edges the most frequent co-authorships. The content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda was depicted through network maps of prevalent multi-terms found in titles, keywords, and abstracts.ResultsThe HBMS research agendas of large private firms and leading academic institutions are intertwined. The prevailing HBMS agenda is mostly based on molecular biology (40% of the most frequent multi-terms), with an inclination towards cancer and cardiovascular research (15 and 8% of the most frequent multi-terms, respectively). Studies on pathogens and biological vectors related to recent epidemics are marginal (1% of the most frequent multi-terms). Content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda prioritizes research on pharmacological intervention over research on socio-environmental factors influencing disease onset or progression and overlooks, among others, the study of infectious diseases.ConclusionsPharmaceutical corporations contribute to set HBMS’s prevailing research agenda, which is mainly focused on a few diseases and research topics. A more balanced research agenda, together with epistemological approaches that consider socio-environmental factors associated with disease spreading, could contribute to being better prepared to prevent and treat more diverse pathologies and to improve overall health outcomes.
Clinical characterization, cardiovascular risk factor profile and cardiac strain analysis in a Uganda cancer population: The SATRACD study
Authors: Zhang Wanzhu , Azibani Feriel , Okello Emmy , Kayima James , Sinabulya Isaac , Leeta Joseph , Walusansa Victoria , Orem Jackson , Sliwa Karen 
Published: April 2021

Background
The link between cancer and cardiovascular disease is firmly established. We sought to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Uganda cancer patients, their pre-chemotherapy left ventricular strain echocardiographic pattern and its associations with the CVD risk factors.

Methods and results
Baseline pre-chemotherapy data of patients who were enrolled in the SATRACD study (a cancer cohort, who were planned for anthracycline therapy), were analyzed. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and baseline strain echocardiographic images were assessed. Among the 355 patients who were recruited over a period of 15 months, 283 (79.7%) were female, with a mean age of 43 years. The types of cancer of the study patients included breast cancer (70.6%), lymphomas, sarcomas, leukemias and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (27.0%). The prevalence of obesity was 12.1% and that of HIV was 18.3%. All patients had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) was -20.92 ±2.43%, with females having a significantly higher GLS than males (-21.09±2.42 vs -20.25±2.39, p = 0.008). Fifty-three patients (14.9%) had suboptimal GLS (absolute GLS≤18.00%), which was associated with obesity (POR = 3.07; 95% CI, 1.31–6.98; p = 0.003), alcohol use (POR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.01–3.74; p = 0.044), long QTc interval in electrocardiogram (POR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.06–5.74; p = 0.015,) and impaired left ventricular relaxation (POR = 2.24; 95% CI, 1.17–4.25; p = 0.007). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, obesity (POR = 2.95; 95% CI, 1.24–7.03; p = 0.014) was the only independent factor associated with suboptimal GLS.

Conclusion
There is high prevalence and a unique pattern of cardiovascular risk factors in Uganda cancer patients. In cancer patients with cardiovascular risk conditions, there is reduction in GLS despite preserved LVEF. Longitudinal research is needed to study the predictive value of cardiovascular risk factors and baseline GLS for post chemotherapy cardiac dysfunction.
Induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium by chronic endometritis in infertile patients
Authors: Ishida Mitsuaki , Takebayashi Akie , Kimura Fuminori , Nakamura Akiko , Kitazawa Jun , Morimune Aina , Hanada Tetsuro , Tsuta Koji , Murakami Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic endometritis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium of infertile patients in the implantation phase.

Methods
Endometrial biopsy specimens from 66 infertility patients were analyzed. The presence of chronic endometritis was investigated by immunostaining for CD138. Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, and Snail was performed, and the expression profiles were statistically analyzed according to the presence of chronic endometritis. When the loss of E-cadherin expression and/or the positive expression of N-cadherin was detected, the specimen was considered epithelial-mesenchymal transition-positive. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-positive cases were also statistically analyzed according to the presence of chronic endometritis. The characteristics of the patients in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-positive and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-negative groups were compared. The association between variables, including age, body mass index, gravidity, parity, and each causative factor of infertility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition positivity was analyzed.

Results
The rates of the loss of E-cadherin expression, the gain of N-cadherin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition positivity were significantly higher in chronic endometritis patients. The expression of Slug, cytoplasmic Snail, and nuclear Snail was also detected at significantly higher rates in chronic endometritis patients. Chronic endometritis were related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Conclusion
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition was frequently detected in the endometrium in infertile patients with chronic endometritis. Since the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with chronic endometritis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be involved in the alteration of mechanisms of implantation.
Impact of a transdiagnostic prevention protocol for targeting adolescent anxiety and depression
Authors: Allan Sharon , Uzun Bilge , Essau Cecilia A. 
Published: April 2021

The present study examined the benefit of a transdiagnostic prevention program, Super Skills for Life (SSL), among adolescents with internalizing and/or externalizing problems in two types of school settings (mainstream school and pupil referral unit) using a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (RCT). The main aims were to examine the effects of the SSL-A in reducing internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents, and to identify the moderating role of gender, age, and school type on the intervention outcome. The RCT involved 112 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years old, randomly allocated to either an SSL intervention group or a waitlist-control group (WLC). Adolescents in the intervention group participated immediately in the SSL-A, whereas adolescents in the WLC group received the intervention after the intervention group completed the 6 months follow-up assessment. Results showed that internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly reduced from pre-test to follow-up assessments. Gender, age and school setting moderated the intervention outcome. Specifically, males, younger adolescents and adolescents from mainstream schools showed a significant reduction over time on both internalizing and externalizing problems.
This study provides evidence for the benefits of a transdiagnostic prevention program for internalizing and externalizing problems in two types of school settings.
Application of the Cognitive-Behavior Therapy principles in the development of e-mental health tools
Authors: Fonseca Ana , Branquinho Mariana , Canavarro Maria Cristina 
Published: April 2021

E-mental health tools are a new format of treatment delivery that can increase population’s access to mental health services. Its effectiveness is higher when grounded on evidence-based therapeutic protocols, such as Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT). We aim to understand how CBT principles can be applied in the development of e-mental health tools, more specifically, in web-based interventions. We use the case example of the Be a Mom program, a web-based psychological intervention, grounded on the principles of CBT, designed to prevent postpartum depression and targeting high-risk postpartum women in the Portuguese population. We describe how the design of Be a Mom was grounded in CBT, by addressing: a) general CBT principles; b) its therapeutic mechanisms; and c) organization of sessions. Also, we discuss
the relevance of the therapeutic alliance in web-based interventions and the importance of evidence-based interventions. By providing insight on how the principles of CBT can be operationalized in an innovative delivery format, we can contribute to the further development of web-based interventions, as well as to increase awareness and knowledge among mental health professionals about the similarities between the principles underlying web-based and face-to-face CBT interventions.