bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction effects between n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and genetic variations in genes involved in de novo lipogenesis on plasma triglyceride levels
Authors: Bouchard‐Mercier Annie , Rudkowska Iwona , Lemieux Simone , Couture Patrick , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

A large interindividual variability has been observed in the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation (n‐3 PUFA). The objective was to examine the effects of gene‐diet interactions on TG response to an n‐3 PUFA supplementation.MethodsA total of 210 participants recruited in the greater Quebec City area completed a 6 week n‐3 PUFA supplementation using 5g/day of fish oil (1.9g EPA, 1.1g DHA). SNPs in SREBF1, ACLS3, ACSL5, ACACA, ACLY and PECR genes were genotyped using TAQMAN methodology.ResultsGenotype effects on TG concentrations were observed for SNPs in ACSL5 and PECR genes. Significant gene‐diet interactions on TG response were observed for rs4674730 (ACSL3), rs2303842 (PECR), rs10193305 (PECR), rs1714987 (ACACA) and rs8071753 (ACLY). Before the supplementation, carriers of the minor allele of rs1714987 (ACACA) had higher TG levels than the wild type homozygotes, this difference was not significant post‐supplementation.ConclusionInterindividual variability in the plasma TG response to an n‐3 PUFA supplementation may be partly explained by SNPs in genes involved in de novo lipogenesis. CIHR (MOP229488)
THE ROLE OF AWARENESS AND MEDICATION ON HEALTH BEHAVIORS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: KIM HYUN , KIM JUHEE 
Published: June 2021

Diet modification and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce blood pressure among people with hypertension. This paper examines how awareness and medication status of hypertension affect food consumption and lifestyle behaviors. Once an individual is diagnosed as hypertensive, the diagnosis will act as new information to influence their dietary and healthy behaviors such as more physical activity, no smoking and moderate drinking. This awareness will help individuals with hypertension realize the higher cost of a poor lifestyle, making them more willing to devote healthy life style. Then, hypertensive individuals who take medication to reduce their blood pressure are less likely to make lifestyle changes, because they feel protected against the consequences of hypertension. The data comes from the pooled four repeated cross‐sectional waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001–2008. For the empirical models, two‐stage least squares (2SLS) is used as the econometric approach by using family history about cardiovascular diseases as an instrumental variable for hypertension awareness and mediation intake. Efforts can be made to educate hypertensive individuals about the complementary effects of healthy behaviors and anti‐hypertensive medication since hypertensive individuals may take risks by substituting a medication for healthy diet and lifestyle habits.Grant Funding Source: National Research Foundation of Korea Grant (NRF‐2011–330‐B00190)
Effects of quercetin in a mouse model of colitis associated colon cancer
Authors: McClellan Jamie L , Steiner Jennifer L , Enos Reilly T , Murphy E. Angela 
Published: June 2021

Numerous in vitro studies argue for quercetin's chemopreventive potential in colon cancer; however, controlled experimental studies in rodent models are limited. We examined the effects of quercetin on tumorigenesis and associated sickness symptoms in a mouse model of colitis associated colon cancer. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to a Placebo (Pla) or 2% Quercetin (Quer) diet. Mice were fed their respective diet from 9–20 wks of age. To induce colon cancer, all mice were administered azoxymethane (AOM) (10mg/kg i.p) at 10 wks of age and then began 3 cycles of 2% DSS (7days on and 14days off in drinking water). Body weight and symptoms were examined twice weekly. At sacrifice, colon tumor number and size were recorded, as well as colon and spleen weights. Body weight was decreased by 34% in Pla (P<0.05), and Quer blunted this decline (P<0.05). Similarly, Quer decreased symptom score by 39% (P<0.05). Tumor number was reduced by 69% with Quer (P<0.05), and specifically, large tumor number by 65% (P<0.05). Quer also blunted the increase in spleen weight and colon weight by ~50% (P<0.05). These data suggest a beneficial effect of quercetin on tumorigenesis and associated sickness symptoms, as well as provide support for further development of this bioactive food component for prevention of colon cancer.This project was supported by funds from NCI (R21 CA135377 to E.A.M.) and AICR (10A070 to E.A.M.)
Reduced responsiveness to intraintestinal nutrients in obese‐prone rats fed high‐fat diet
Authors: Duca Frank Anthony , Covasa Mihai 
Published: June 2021

Decreased sensitivity to satiation signals has been proposed to play a role in the increased energy consumption and weight gain during obesity. We have recently shown that dietary induced obese rats fed a high fat (HF) diet exhibit diminished feeding responses following intragastric lipid loads or exogenous GLP‐1. To further determine the role of gut peptides in impaired satiation responses in obesity, we examined the effects of intraintestinal nutrients on food intake, peptide release, and neuronal activation in rats prone (OP) or resistant (OR) to obesity maintained on either chow or HF diet. Intraintestinal infusions of isocaloric, glucose, intralipid, and Ensure loads (4 and 8 Kcal) resulted in a reduced suppression of food intake in OP rats compared to OR rats, only during HF‐feeding. This reduced responsiveness in OP rats was associated with altered release of gut peptides, including GLP‐1, and diminished Fos expression in the dorsal hindbrain. Additionally, pre‐treatment with a GLP‐1R antagonist, exendin‐9, failed to attenuate Ensure‐induced reduction of food intake in OP, but not OR rats, during HF feeding. These results demonstrate that susceptibility to obesity coupled with HF‐feeding results in a host of signaling deficits, ultimately contributing to excess intake and weight gain.Grant Funding Source: INRA
Effect of soluble fiber dextrin on postprandial appetite and subsequent food intake in healthy adults
Authors: Hutchinson Christine , Hollis James 
Published: June 2021

The effect of a newly developed soluble fiber dextrin on subjective appetite, satiety hormone response and food intake was investigated using a double blind, randomized cross‐over study. 41 healthy adults aged 24±4 years with a BMI of 23.4±2.5 kg/m2 ate a lunch meal with a test beverage that contained 0g, 10g or 20g fiber. Appetite questionnaires were completed and plasma samples collected immediately before, and at regular intervals following lunch. A snack was provided 150 minutes after lunch and the amount eaten recorded. Following the snack, subjective appetite was recorded each hour for the remainder of the day and food intake recorded using a food log. The consumption of the different test beverages had no effect on subjective appetite during the first 150 minutes after lunch or on food intake at the snack meal (p>;0.05). However, after leaving the laboratory, subjective feelings of hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption were significantly lower and fullness significantly higher over the rest of the day following the test beverage containing 20g fiber (p<0.05). Plasma GIP was lower following the test beverage containing 20g fiber (p<0.05), with no effect on plasma GLP‐1, ghrelin, CCK, PYY3–36, insulin or glucose (p>;0.05). These results indicate that soluble fiber dextrin may promote satiety from 3 up to 8.5 hours after consumption.This study was funded by Tate and Lyle Health & Nutrition Sciences.
Understanding Healthcare Workers Perceptions of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Bihar, India
Authors: Wendt Amanda , Young Melissa , Marorell Reynaldo 
Published: June 2021

High prevalence of anemia and low iron and folic acid (IFA) consumption among pregnant women in Bihar has been identified as an important public health issue. Surveys have shown only 30% of Bihari women indicate receiving IFA and 23% report IFA counseling during their last pregnancy. To address this, we conducted twenty in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions in two districts of Bihar with three key types of frontline healthcare workers (FLWs) to explore their knowledge and awareness of anemia and IFA counseling techniques.FLWs attributed anemia to factors including poor diet, close child spacing, high parity, and lack of rest, which they perceived to stem from poverty, lack of awareness, low priority of women's status, and family tension. Many felt anemia was not a significant issue, estimating its prevalence as 0–20% (compared to survey estimates of 60%). FLWs tended to restrict IFA consumption to the 4th–8th month, and many reported that excess IFA intake can cause harm. In conclusion, Bihari FLWs had high knowledge of anemia causes but did not view it as a common issue in their communities. Further, their views of proper consumption windows may prevent added health benefits of IFA consumption during the 9th month and lactation from being realized. Efforts to allow IFA intake over a longer timeframe may increase the opportunity for women to receive IFA tablets and be a key step to increasing IFA consumption.Grant Funding Source: Funding support provided by a BMGF grant through a subcontract with CARE‐India
Remote lung injury after experimental intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion in horses
Authors: Montgomery Julia Bettina , Suri Sarabjeet Singh , Johnson Laura , Wilson David , Singh Baljit 
Published: June 2021

Although precise evidence is missing, lung is believed to be a target of remote injury. We addressed this issue as well as any anti‐inflammatory effects of lidocaine in an equine model of intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion (IR). Lungs were collected from non‐anesthetized (n=4) and anesthetized (n=4) control horses and those subjected to IR with administration of either Lactated Ringer's Solution (LRS) or lidocaine (n=6/group).Lungs from control groups had normal histology and lacked inflammation compared to moderate to severe congestion and vascular, perivascular and alveolar neutrophil recruitment in IR horses. Lungs from IR horses had increased TLR4 and TLR9 staining in terminal bronchioles and vascular cells, increased vWF staining and vWF‐positive platelet aggregates in vasculature. IR horses had increase in Mac387‐positive leukocytes and TNFα lung concentrations compared to control (P<0.05). Macrophage numbers were higher in IR horses receiving lidocaine compared to the LRS group (P<0.05). Neutrophil numbers were higher in LRS‐treated IR horses compared to those administered lidocaine (P<0.05). MPO concentration was not different between IR groups. These data show IR‐associated remote lung inflammation and injury in horses, and some amelioration of lung inflammation with lidocaine.
A temporal analysis of Canadian dietary choices using the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2: does nutrient intake and diet quality vary on weekends versus weekdays
Authors: Yang Penny Hui Wen , Black Jennifer L. , Barr Susan I. , Vatanparast Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Little is currently known on how specific days of week can impact the patterns of dietary intake. In response, this study evaluated the temporal variation in food and nutrient intake on weekdays versus weekend days in the Canadian population. Data were from participants aged >;1 year (n=34,402) in the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, a nationally representative survey which included 24‐hour dietary recall data. Energy‐adjusted regression models examined the weekday‐weekend variation in nutrient intake and diet quality, assessed using Healthy Eating Index‐Canada (HEI‐C). For this study, weekdays were defined as Monday‐Thursday, and weekend as Friday‐Sunday. Energy Intake was found to be 62±23 kcal higher on weekend days than on weekdays (p<0.05). Compared to weekdays, on weekend days intakes of carbohydrates, protein and the majority of micronutrients were significantly lower (ranging from 2.0–6.9% lower), while alcohol and cholesterol intakes were 67% and 10% higher, respectively. HEI‐C was also significantly lower on weekend days (57.75±0.3 vs 55.8±0.4, p<0.05). These results suggested that Canadians consume foods with a slightly less favourable nutrient profile and poorer dietary quality on weekends. Future research should focus on the determinants that shape temporal variation in eating behaviors.Grant Funding Source: University of British Columbia Food, Nutrition and Health Vitamin Research Fund
Using smartphones to maintain engagement of youth participation in 8‐week walking program
Authors: Hongu Nobuko , Pope Benjamin T. , Martinez Cathy L. , Merchant Nirav C. , Misner Scottie L. , Roe Denise J. 
Published: June 2021

With the aim of developing a smartphone walking program application and increasing physical activity in youth, we evaluated participation in an 8‐week online walking program, Walk Across Arizona (the University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension). Youth register as teams and keep a log of miles walked on a website during the program period. The website includes instant scoreboard updates of total walking miles for each team. Forty‐nine youth (age 11–14 yrs, 20 girls, 29 boys) participated and were divided into 2 groups: mobile phone (n=30) and website (n=19). All youth were given pedometers and received nutrition and physical activity newsletters via mobile phone or website, depending on their group. Youth who reported their walking miles using mobile phones walked more than youth who reported their miles on the website (median of 29.7 vs. 12.6 miles; p =0.12). Youth in the mobile phone group reported their walking miles more frequently than the website group (80% vs. 58%; p=0.10). The results suggest that using a smartphone application as an additional delivery method to a website‐delivered walking program should be further evaluated as a means of encouraging youth participation.Funding Source: USDA
The Addition of Non‐Fat Dairy Products to the Routine Diet Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure in Obese Individuals
Authors: Machin Daniel R , Mouton Melissa , Lee Victor JS , Park Wonil , Fallow Bennett A , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: June 2021

High consumption of milk and milk products is associated with reduced risk of high blood pressure (BP). Currently, it is not clear if the addition of conventional dairy products as part of the normal routine diet is capable of reducing BP. Using the randomized, controlled, crossover study design, we determined the efficacy of conventional non‐fat dairy products for lowering arterial BP in middle‐aged and older obese adults with elevated BP. Twelve adults with elevated BMI and BP (age 55±13 years, BMI 31±6 kg/m2; BP 136±6/80±13 mmHg) underwent high dairy condition (HD) or isocaloric non‐dairy condition (ND) for 4 weeks with a 2‐week washout before crossing over. Four daily servings of non‐fat dairy products and fruit products were added to their regular diet in HD and ND while keeping the total caloric intake the same. Body weight did not change throughout the study period. Reductions in systolic BP were greater (P<0.001) in the HD vs ND condition (−10±4 vs 4±7 mmHg) whereas diastolic BP did not change (0±6 vs 1±6 mmHg). We concluded that the addition of four servings of non‐fat dairy products to the normal diet is an effective strategy for reducing BP in obese individuals with elevated blood pressure. Supported by the Dairy Research Institute.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute
GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ALTERS PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS‐INDUCED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Lima Aline Regina Ruiz , Damatto Ricardo Luiz , Pagan Luana Urbano , Bonomo Camila , Cezar Marcelo Diarcádia Mariano , Guizoni Daniele Mendes , Martinez Paula Felippe , Gomes Mariana Janini , Okoshi Katashi , Okoshi Marina Politi 
Published: June 2021

In this study we evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) administration on protein expression of myostatin, follistatin, and the myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle of rats with ascending aortic stenosis‐induced heart failure.MethodsMale Wistar rats were subjected to thoracotomy to induce aortic stenosis (AS). After developing tachypnea/labored respiration, rats were subjected to echocardiogram and assigned to three groups (n=8): Sham, AS, and AS treated with GH (AS‐GH, 2 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. After treatment, rats were subjected to echocardiogram and euthanatized. Protein expression was evaluated by Western‐blot.Statistical analysisAnova and Tukey.ResultsBefore GH treatment, cardiac parameters did not differ between AS and AS‐GH groups. GH preserved body weight. Right ventricular weight/BW ratio and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were higher in both AS groups than Sham. MyoD was higher in AS than Sham and similar between AS‐GH and Sham (Sham 1.0±1.3; AS 1.7±1.4; AS‐GH 1.2±1.2 arbitrary units). MRF4 expression was higher in AS‐GH than Sham (Sham 1.0±0.7; AS 1.6±0.4; AS‐GH 3.1±1.6 arbitrary units). Myostatin, follistatin, and myogenin expression did not differ between groups.ConclusionGrowth hormone increases MRF4 and normalizes MyoD expression in skeletal muscle of heart failure rats. Myostatin/follistatin pathway is not changed in this experimental model.
Role of Renin Angiotensin System inhibitors on Toll‐like receptors expression in cardiac hypertrophy induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Abrahão Mariana , Carneiro‐Ramos Marcela Sorelli 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe heart is a target organ of many regulatory systems that modulates heart trophism, such as cardiac renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). Literature data confirm the direct relationship between inflammatory responses, Toll‐Like receptors (TLR) and many cardiovascular diseases. This work aims to investigate the role of RAS inhibitors on TLR expression in a cardiac hypertrophy model induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion.MethodsC57bl/6 young, male mice (n=72) were treated with Losartan (Los ‐ 10 mg/kg/day) or Enalapril (Ena ‐ 40 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before or after surgery, and kept under observation for 12, 15 or 20 days to investigate the role of TLR in cardiac hypertrophy, evaluated by morphologic parameters and gene expression.ResultsOur model was able to induce cardiac hypertrophy in 12d mice that was prevented and reversed with Los and Ena administration based on ANF/α‐actin gene expression. TLR gene expression was evaluated in animal treated with Los and Ena, that were able to reduce TLR mRNA levels in 15d and 20d mice, respectively.ConclusionTaken together our data suggest an important role for local RAS as a modulator of cardiac hypertrophy through regulation of TLR expression. Financial Support: FAPESP and UFABC.
Study approaches, study methods, academic success, and recall of anatomical learning
Authors: Ward Peter Jason 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to investigate how students learn and recall anatomical knowledge. A group of medical students was assessed with the ASSIST instrument to categorize their approaches to study. Each group's performance on four outcomes (anatomy grade, cumulative grades at end of 1st and 2nd year, COMLEX exam) was compared by ANOVA. For all outcomes, strategic approaches were associated with high performance and surface approaches with poor performance. Subsequently, I investigated how students used available study methods and how this impacted long term recall. Students completed an open‐ended questionnaire about how they studied and responses were coded using grounded theory to find emergent themes. An anatomy assessment was administered six months after the course to find high and low‐recall cohorts in the class. Factors associated with effective recall were the ability to abstract information from multiple sources and willingness to recreate content in detail. Poor recall was associated with repetitive study and stopping at familiarity. In conclusion, Surface approaches to study must be discouraged through deliberate course design. Effective recall of anatomy is connected with an awareness of assessment and the ability to build understanding from the details and not just the big picture.Grant Funding Source: N/A
Autophagy, metabolic syndrome, and heart surgery
Authors: Mentzer Robert M , Jahania Salik M , Sengstock David , Vaitkevicius Peter , Andres Allen , Ito Bruce R , Gottlieb Roberta A 
Published: June 2021

Myocardial stress has been linked to induction of autophagy. Rodent and porcine models of metabolic syndrome exhibit impaired autophagy and may explain loss of cardioprotection. To test the hypothesis that cardiac stress is associated with upregulation of autophagy in humans, autophagic flux was measured in 12 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Right atrial tissue (200–400 mg) was excised during atrial cannulation, before initiation of CPB and aortic cross‐clamping, and again after removal of cross‐clamp and weaning from CPB. Autophagy proteins Beclin‐1, Atg5–12, and p62 were analyzed by Western blot. Heart surgery was associated with significant decreases in cardiac levels of Beclin‐1, Atg5–12, and p62, indicating robust autophagic flux. The magnitude of change was correlated with calculated mortality/morbidity (M/M) risk scores extracted from patient medical records using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. There was a significant inverse relationship between the change in p62 and risk score. This is the first time that upregulation of autophagic flux has been linked to better outcomes after heart surgery. Strategies designed to upregulate flux during conditions of cardiac stress may have therapeutic utility and represent a new approach to patients with ischemic heart disease and metabolic syndrome in which autophagy is impaired.Grant Funding Source:supported by an NIH Grant (NIH 2 R01 HL034579–23 and 5R01 AG033283)
Evo‐devo: Evidence of developmental plasticity in the shape of the talo‐crural joint in response to substrate use.
Authors: Turley Kevin , Frost Stephen R. 
Published: June 2021

Is plasticity in joint shape observed with different substrate use? The current study examines the appositional articular morphology (AAM) of the talo‐crural joint across catarrhine primates.Matched tibiae and tali from 245 adults and 163 subadults from 6 hominoid and 6 cercopithecoid taxa (H. sapiens, G. gorilla, P. troglodytes, P. paniscus, Pongo spp., Hylobatidae, M. fascicularis, M. mulatta, M. thibetana, P. hamadryas, C. guereza, N. larvatus) were studied. Sixteen tibial and 15 talar landmarks were placed on laser surface scans of the articular surfaces using Landmark Editor software. Generalized Procrustes analysis, principal component analysis, multivariate regression and singular warps analysis were used to examine joint shape.Adult terrestrial taxa have features that provide flexibility and stability on horizontally placed irregular surfaces of different textures, while adult arboreal taxa medially placed curvilinear surfaces with irregular surface movement.Evidence of developmental plasticity due to substrate preference was observed. Adult articular shape sorted by substrate preference across superfamily reflecting differences in use, and when the AAM subsets were examined, subadults of both arboreal and terrestrial forms are similar, and there was little change between subadults and adults in arboreal taxa, but significant change between subadults and adults of terrestrial forms.Funding provided in part by NSF BCS0452539, and the University of Oregon, and funding to the CPRC by NIH Grant No. P40 RR003640.Grant Funding Source: University of Oregon