bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Tree Litter and Influencing Factors on Agroforestry Cropping Patterns with Cassava
Authors: Saptono M , Guritno B , Hairiah K , Suprayogo D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There are both positive and negative effects of trees on crops in agroforestry systems. Trees can have a positive impact by providing organic material from fallen litter. Cassava is one of the crops commonly planted in agroforestry systems. This study aims to examine the dynamics of tree leaf growth and evaluate the amount of tree litter input. The experiment was conducted on farmer-owned land in Karang Sakti Village, Muara Sungkai District, North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Observations were made on cassava and four types of trees in the agroforestry system: mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm. The experimental plots were divided into four groups on different farmer lands. The results showed that paraserianthes produced fallen litter in the form of leaves, branches, or twigs up to 8.76 Mg ha−1 year−1. This amount is twice as much as the litter produced by mahogany or rubber, which were 4.62 and 4.28 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. Meanwhile, oil palm only produced 0.71 Mg ha−1 year−1 of litter. Cassava planted in agroforestry with mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm produced fallen litter amounts of 2.01, 1.37, 1.35, and 1.51 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The litter from monoculture cassava reached 4.53 Mg ha−1 year−1. The surface litter in the agroforestry system with mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm were 1.09, 1.61, 0.35, and 0.55 Mg ha−1, respectively. The surface litter in monoculture cassava was 0.30 Mg ha−1. Paraserianthes provided more organic material compared to mahogany, rubber, or oil palm. The amount of fallen litter is related to the leaf lifespan on branches or twigs of the trees. Trees with shorter leaf lifespans produce more litter compared to trees with longer leaf lifespans.
Metal bioaccumulation in forest plants in Central Kalimantan gold mine tailings
Authors: Putir Patricia Erosa , Koroh Desy Natalia , Sampang  , Kusin Kitso , Penyang  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When the company first began mining, it carried out reclamation work in the gold mining region in compliance with relevant rules and regulations as well as sound mining practices. Depending on the circumstances, there are several ways to implement post-mining reclamation processes. Tailings, or muddy waste from gold mining operations, are generally composed of several heavy metals and possibly reactive minerals. Phytoremediation, or utilizing plants to improve the soil and water conditions in tailings, can be used in tailings contaminated with heavy metals and hazardous conditions. It is believed that the type of plant and the soil or tailings medium in which it grows affect the amount of heavy metal pollution in plants. In two types of forest plants; balangeran (Shorea balangeran) and tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus), the value of the bioaccumulation factor, or bioccumulation concentration factor (BCF), is being calculated quantitatively. The plants are being planted at two tailing locations: tailing 1 (7 years) and tailing 2 (1 year). The study ran from April to October 2022 for seven months. Plant samples containing Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations were used to assess the metals. Using an AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), the metal content of the leaves and tailings was determined. According to the tailings analysis results, the metal concentration in tailings 1 was highest for Zn (93 mg/kg) and Cu (47 mg/kg) planted with balangeran and lowest for Cu (75 mg/kg) and Zn (101 mg/kg) planted with tumih. The lowest metal concentration was found in tailings 2 for medium Pb metal. When medium balangeran was planted, the maximum metal concentrations were found in Zn (64 mg/kg) and Pb (38 mg/kg). Zn (69 mg/g), Pb (37 mg/kg), and Cu (the least) are the metals planted with tumih. Metal biaccumulation (BCF) calculations show that tailings 1 and 2 fall into the low bioaccumulation group, with BCF falling between 0.01-0.20 and 0.01-0.10, respectively. Zn has the highest BCF in both tailings 1 and 2. The zinc metal (0.23) from the Shorea balangeran factory had the highest BCF in both tailings 1 and 2.
The Growth and Yield of Solanum ferox L. as Impacted of Ameliorants in Peat Soil
Authors: Chotimah H E N C , Lautt B S , Rahayuningsih S E A , Darung U , Simanjuntak B H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether application of ameliorants can enhance growth and yield of sour eggplant (Solanum ferox L.) cultivated on peat soils, as well as which ameliorants are most effective. The experiment was conducted in Kalampangan Palangka Raya with six treatment levels of ameliorants and four replications using Randomized Group Design method. In addition to no ameliorant was applied, chicken manure at 20 t ha−1, cow manure at 20 t ha−1, goat manure at 20 t ha−1, petrobio at 300 kg ha−1, and dolomite at 7 t ha−1. The results showed that chicken manure was found to be a significant enhancer of plant growth and yield by increasing the number of flowers, fruits, and fruit weight. Chicken manure may be used as an ameliorant in the cultivation of wild sour eggplant in peatlands.
Raising environmental awareness through English learning materials
Authors: Asi N , Fauzan A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global environmental challenges, including climate change, land destruction, and biodiversity loss, are escalating. Addressing these issues requires large-scale collective actions and significant behavioural changes. Environmental sustainability awareness, underpinned by substantial environmental knowledge, is crucial for fostering such changes. In this regard, environmental education is a key tool. Through Indonesia’s English language curriculum, it is evident that enhancing environmental awareness is feasible by using the learning materials which are mostly text types. The current research employs Content Analysis as it investigates the content of English syllabus in high schools. The findings show that the English learning materials at secondary schools can be used to embed environmental topics as the texts are various in genre, such as narrative, descriptive, procedure, analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, recount, report, argumentative, and discussion. Through these texts, students can learn about the environment and how to protect it, whilst learning the English content materials. Thus, they can get two precious inputs, that is about the language and the environment.
Identification of Termite Genera and intensity of attack on Mulberry (Morus indica and M. cathayana)
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Arif Astuti , Sahari Bulang A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Termite infestations on mulberry trees can affect leaf productivity and indirectly impact raw silk production in the sericulture industry. This study aims to identify genera that can damage mulberries and the intensity of attacks on M. Indica and M. cathayana. Termite samples were taken from plants that showed paths and mounds of soil at the base of the stem and branches. The attack intensity was calculated using a census of each type of mulberry for 2,018 plants in 5 observation blocks. The identification results found two families, namely Rhinotermitidae with two genera, Reticulitermes and Coptotermes, and the Termitidae family, genus Macrotermes. Trees infested by termites in M. indica reached 4.56% and M. cathayana 2.23%, with light to heavy damage categories. Meanwhile, the attack intensity of the termite’s genera was the Genus Retikulitermes, Coptotermes, and Macrotormes, respectively 53.6%, 21.4%, and 7.1%.
Agroforestry development relies on local wisdom (ecological, economic and social aspects): Case Study from Gapoktan Pujo Makmur, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rufaidah Erlina , Surnayanti  , Machya  , Harianto Sugeng P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Combining trees with other kinds of plants, such as agricultural ones, is known as agroforestry. One of the Indonesian regions using the HKm scheme agroforestry system is Gapoktan Pujo Makmur. It is situated in the Lampung Province’s Pesawaran Regency’s protected forest region. Agroforestry’s social, ecological, and economic components are some of the elements that make it successful. This won’t function, though, if the local community’s knowledge isn’t connected to these three components. Finding the ecological, economic, and social roles associated with local community knowledge is the goal of the study. In this study, interviews and direct observation were the two methodologies employed. In this study, fifty respondents who farmed agroforestry land in Gapoktan Pujo Makmur were chosen as respondents. The ecological roles of the agroforestry region in Gapoktan Pujo Makmur are to shade trees, hold on to soil and water, fertilize the soil, sustain other plants, prevent erosion, and offer protection, according to research findings. There are seventeen varieties of plants with economic usage based on their economic function. MPTS, plantation, and agricultural plants are among the plants of economic importance. The most valuable plant in the MPTS is the durian plant; the most valuable plant in the plantation is the coffee plant; and the most valuable plant in the agriculture sector is the cardamom plant. In the management of cultivated land, there are a number of collective agreements based on social functions. For example, theft carries a fine that is ten times the selling price, depending on the type of agroforestry plant taken; however, for some plant species, people who do not cultivate their own land are permitted to enjoy the fruit. or produce that is gathered beneath stands but is prohibited from being brought home.
Analysis of Land Cover Changes as One of The Quality Indicators of The Biang Loe River Watershed
Authors: Arsyad Usman , Amaliah Rizki , Dahlan Nur Ashilah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The problem of changes in land cover is caused by two main factors, namely natural factors and human factors. Natural factors include landslides, erosion, floods, while human factors are closely related to population growth, livelihooods, accesibility, but the main factor is the increase in population, causing the need for space and land to increase. This research aims to identify changes in land cover that occurred in 2013, 2018, and 2023 using Landsat 8 image data, followed by an assessment of the percentage of vegetation cover (PPV) in the Biang Loe River Watershed. Analysis of land cover changes using the Geographic Information System (GIS) via the overlay method and permanently vegetated land to assess PPV. In the 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 periods, the dominant land cover classes that experienced changes were mixed dry land agriculture and dry land agriculture. The area of mixed dry land farming was 1.728,67 ha in the 2013-2018 period and 1.710,74 ha in the 2018-2023 period. Permanent vegetation cover increased by 3.37 ha in the 2013-2018 period and by 4.41 ha in the 2018-2023 period. The average PPV value in 2013, 2018, and 2023 is 24.46% and is included in the bad category.
Social Forestry on The Dynamic of Land Use Changes and Deforestation in the Walanae Forest Management Unit
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Asrini Tri Nadia , Nursaputra Munajat , Chairil A , Malamassam Daud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deforestation is an event that changes forests into non-forests which has an impact on the environment, and also indirectly on the social economy of society. One area in South Sulawesi that is categorized as having a high level of vulnerability to deforestation is Soppeng Regency. There are many steps to curb deforestation, one of which is Social Forestry as a step in forest management in Indonesia. The policy has provided opportunities for local communities to actively participate in forest resource management and utilization activities. However, has social forestry so far curbed the rate of deforestation? So it is necessary to study whether social forestry as a community-based management system is able to reduce the rate of deforestation or even increase it further in the Walanae KPH, Soppeng Regency. The research method begins by interpreting land cover at each social forestry approval permit location in 2000, the year of Social Forestry approval, and 2024 using Landsat imagery temporally. Next, these data were described using the Geographic Information System method which was equipped with field tracing. The results of this research show that in early 2000, the year the Social Forestry Permit was approved until 2024, mixed dry land agricultural land cover continued to increase in area by around 2,000 ha. From 2000 until the year the Social Forestry Permit was approved, the closure of high-density forest land and grassland was converted into mixed dry agricultural land and low density forest. However, in the year of Social Forestry permit approval until 2024, low density forests have mostly been deforested. Viewed based on the social forestry scheme, the community forestry scheme and village forests also have the same conditions as the general forest conditions in the social forestry permit area. The increase in dry mixed agricultural land is caused by the decreasing availability of land for agriculture which is followed by increasing economic needs of the community. Apart from that, the search results show that there are illegal parties carrying out forest clearing and land management.
Correlation of duration and depth of burying with cyanide reduction in Pangium edule Reinw.
Authors: Aminullah Nur Abdi , Baharuddin  , Syahidah  
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Pangium edule Reinw is a plant that can be used as a food spice and also contains antioxidants. However, pangi contains cyanide, a potent toxin when consumed. A process is required to remove the levels of cyanide before it is consumed. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the depth and time of burying and the reduction in cyanide levels, with practical implications for food safety and agriculture. The study was carried out by burying the fruit at different depths of 15, 30, and 45 cm and burying it at 20, 40, and 60 days. Cyanide reduction involves boiling, depth, and duration of burying. Moreover, visual observations of the fruit are also analyzed. The results showed that a depth of 45 cm and a length of 60 days resulted in the greatest reduction in cyanide levels of up to 95%. However, for visual testing, a 30 cm depth and a 60-day length yielded the best results, resulting in a dark brown to concentrated black color, while color changes at depths of 45cm and 60 days only reached the level of brown red.
Social Interaction Dynamics and Mangrove Ecosystem Management for Blue Carbon, Case Study: Tongke-tongke Mangrove Tourism area Indonesia
Authors: Salle Supriadi , Soma Andang Suryana , Paembonan Samuel Arung , Rahmat Syaeful 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Blue carbon refers to the carbon stored in the biomass and sediments of mangrove, seagrass and peat swamp ecosystems. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon in coastal areas. However, mangrove ecosystems around the world are experiencing significant degradation and deforestation, mainly due to human activities such as land conversion. This degradation not only negatively impacts climate resilience, but also biodiversity, local economies, and the well-being of coastal communities. Effective management of mangrove ecosystems for blue carbon requires not only technical efforts, but also a deep understanding of the complex dynamics of social interactions between people and mangroves. Coastal communities often have a close relationship with mangroves, relying on them for a variety of benefits, such as food sources, firewood, and building materials. These social interactions can influence how communities manage and utilize mangroves. It is therefore important to actively involve communities in mangrove management efforts for blue carbon, taking into account their needs and aspirations. The Tongke-tongke Mangrove Tourism Area in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, offers an interesting example of how social interaction dynamics can influence mangrove management for blue carbon. In Tongke-tongke, communities have long utilized mangroves for a variety of purposes, including nature tourism, fish farming, and crab harvesting. However, mangrove management in Tongke-tongke still faces several challenges, such as land conversion for infrastructure development and forest encroachment. This research is important to understand how the dynamics of social interaction and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially those related to blue carbon and its carbon stock potential. To see social interactions in relation to carbon stocks, a field survey was conducted by interviewing managers, tourists and local communities then creating a social network of tongke-tongke mangrove tourism area, then analyzing carbon stocks integrated with geographic information systems. The results show that people who visit and those in mangrove tourism areas have quite dense interactions. but not all understand the role of mangrove ecosystems as climate control. The rate of social interactions in relation to mangrove degradation is increasing every year. This correlation shows that encroachment and changes in mangrove ecosystems are increasingly massive so that they interfere with their role as climate control in relation to blue carbon.
Approach to sustainability evaluation and optimization of machining parameters in the turning process of AISI 304 steel.
Authors: Mayorga-Ases Leticia , Carranza-Calero Diego , Núñez Diego Núñez , Pérez-Salinas Cristian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the sustainability evaluation and optimization of machining parameters in the turning process of AISI 304 steel under different lubrication and cooling conditions. The research employs a Taguchi experimental design to assess the impact of various cutting parameters, comparing dry cutting with a hybrid semi-dry method using CO2 and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) with nano TiO2. The optimization of the process resulted in Vc of 195 m/min and f of 0.2 mm/rev cutting conditions. The findings demonstrate that hybrid lubrication and cooling significantly reduce tool wear and extend tool life compared to dry cutting (80% better). The type of cutting fluid is identified as the most critical factor in prolonging tool life resulting the Cryo + MQL + nano TiO2 better than dry conditions. In the sustainability analysis, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was used. Encompassing economic, environmental, and social indicators, the study reveals that hybrid machining processes (GRG: 0.61) could be one of the alternatives to be used in terms of energy consumption tool life, and environmental impact for its behaviour to replace dry machining (GRG: 0.83). This study provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing machining processes with a focus on sustainability, highlighting the benefits of hybrid lubrication and cooling systems in improving tool performance and reducing environmental impact.
Hydrocarbon tolerance evaluation of the microbiota associated with the Roystonea oleracea palm from Santay Island (Ecuador)
Authors: Andrade Jean Carlo , Mafla Santiago , Riofrío Kelly , Hernández José , Tobes Ibon , Lara-Basantes Cristian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Soil contamination from hydrocarbon spills has resulted in significant environmental repercussions on a global scale. Bioremediation, which involves the use of living organisms such as microbes to remove contaminants from polluted ecosystems, offers a promising solution. In this study, tolerance tests on hydrocarbons present in Jet Fuel A1 were carried out, utilizing microorganisms isolated from four soil samples (M1, M2, M3, and M4) collected at varying distances from the rhizosphere of Roystonea oleracea on Santay Island, a RAMSAR wetland located in the Guayas River estuary on the Pacific coast of Ecuador. Sample M1 was closest to the base of the palm, while M4 was the farthest. Various soil ions, including potassium, phosphates, iron, and total nitrogen, were analyzed, and higher concentrations were found near the base of the palm. Additionally, a metabolic profile analysis of the samples was conducted using Ecoplate® kits, which revealed similar trends, with carbon sources being predominantly consumed near the base. A community-level analysis was performed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by molecular characterization through amplification of the 16S RNA conserved region via the Sanger method. The identified microorganisms included Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Bacillus soli in the soil samples. Notably, strains isolated from samples near the palm’s base were able to grow in media enriched with Jet Fuel A1 and demonstrated the ability to produce biosurfactants, as determined by the drop-collapsing method. The results obtained present opportunities for future research in the exploration of novel green remediation technologies.
Active Modeling of Solar Panel Performance using K-Means and Multiple Linear Regression with Environmental Variables and Historical Data.
Authors: Castro José Raúl , Castillo Tuesman , Saravia Cesar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on the relationship between environmental variables and solar panel performance, using clustering techniques and regression analysis. The K-Means algorithm was implemented to cluster data according to environmental conditions, and multiple linear regression was applied to mathematically model the performance of the panels. This approach allows for the identification of patterns in solar energy production considering solar irradiation and temperature on the solar panels under various conditions. The photovoltaic system of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) served as a case study, demonstrating how irradiance and temperature affect energy production. The results highlight the inherent complexity of the relationship between environmental variables and the performance of solar panels, emphasizing the importance of detailed and adaptive energy management strategies to improve the performance of solar panels.
Analysis of the impact of solar radiation and temperature variations on grid-connected photovoltaic power generation
Authors: Cajilema Kevin , Salazar-Achig Roberto , Jiménez J. Diego L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present investigation shows the influence of the variation of solar radiation and temperature on the generation of electrical energy in a photovoltaic system connected to the grid, considering the current NEC-11 regulations of the country. To address the problem, real data from the Ventana’s canton, Los Ríos province, Ecuador, are considered, and the Monte Carlo method is used to complete the missing data from the radiation and temperature measuring instruments. Next, we develop a simulation in MATLAB Simulink that takes into account the maximum transfer power function, followed by another simulation in PVsyst to ascertain the system’s energy production capacity. The results show that the electrical grid supplies 60.44 % of the demand, while the photovoltaic system contributes 39.56 %. Finally, the analysis of electrical energy generation, considering fluctuating solar radiation and temperature data versus keeping this parameter constant, shows a 0.79 % increase in generation by the photovoltaic system.