bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEPSI POLITIK MENURUT AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Ar-Rahmany Mursyidin 
Published: December 2021

Imam Al-Ghazali adalah salah satu tokoh atau ulama sentral yang terkenal dengan pada abad klasik. Beliau menguasai berbagai macam ilmu pengetahuan dalam perkembangan Islam, baik ilmu aqidah/tauhid, Fiqh, Ushulfiqh, Tafsir/ilmu tafsir, hadis/lmu hadis serta akhlak dan tasawuf. Imam Al-Ghazali terkenal sebagai bapak pembangun ilmu-imu tasawuf sebagai spesialisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Dikenal juga sebagai teolog dan sufi. Ilmu-ilmu yang ditekuni Imam Al-Ghazali termasuk konsep politik yang berkembangan dalam ilmu kepemerintahan dalam Islam. Menurut Al-Ghazali, manusia ini tidak bisa hidup tanpa adanya bantuan orang lain. Politik dibentuk dalam pola ketatanegaraan, sehingga kehidupan bernegara merupakan suatu keharusan bagi manusia dalam rangka mewujudkan keteraturan dan terealisasikan kepentingan bersama dalam masyarakat dengan berbagai teorinya dengan melakukan berbagai upaya dalam memperbaiki kehidupan ke jalan yang benar sesuai dengan teori politik para Nabi yang meliputi aspek lahir batin. Maka, untuk mengurus kepentingan manusia, harus memilki sebuah sistem kepemerintahan sebagaimana ditawarkan Al-Ghazali. Oleh karena seorang kepala negara tidak boleh dilengserkan dari singgasananya, sehingga terciptanya dengan “Negara Moral”,
Nanoparticle sterilization methods for biomedical applications in animals
Authors: Galicia-Gonzalez R.A. , Ortega-Cerrilla M.E. , Nava-Cuellar C. , Miranda-Jiménez L. , Ramírez-Mella M. , Ayala-Rodríguez J.M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To review different nanoparticle sterilization methods for their use in biomedical applications in animals.
Approach: Sterilization is used to obtain a microorganism-free product without altering its physicochemical characteristics during its preparation, storage, or administration route. This review explores different sterilization methods and their advantages and disadvantages on the nanoparticle level.
Study limitations/implications: Nanoparticles are used in animal production, including their parenteral administration. Therefore, establishing the characteristics of different technologies applied to sterilize nanoparticles is essential to ensure the delivery of sterile products preventing health risks.
Conclusions: The use of nanotechnology in livestock production offers several advantages for animal nutrition, reproduction, and health, among other things. When nanoparticles must be sterilized, choosing the most suitable method is essential. This depends on the amount of product and its compound type because each technique has specific requirements that must be taken into account to be ready for potential changes in the structure and availability of the final product.
Two-step Gravity Inversion Reveals Variable Architecture of African Cratons
Authors: Haas Peter , Ebbing Jörg , Celli Nicolas L. , Rey Patrice F. 
Published: December 2021

The lithospheric build-up of the African continent is still to a large extent unexplored. In this contribution, we present a new Moho depth model to discuss the architecture of the three main African cratonic units, which are: West African Craton, Congo Craton, and Kalahari Craton. Our model is based on a two-step gravity inversion approach that allows variable density contrasts across the Moho depth. In the first step, the density contrasts are varied for all non-cratonic units, in the second step for the three cratons individually. The lateral extension of the tectonic units is defined by a regionalization map, which is calculated from a recent continental seismic tomography model. Our Moho depth is independently constrained by pointwise active seismics and receiver functions. Treating the constraints separately reveals a variable range of density contrasts and different trends in the estimated Moho depth for the three cratons. Some of the estimated density contrasts vary substantially, caused by sparse data coverage of the seismic constraints. With a density contrast of Δρ= 200 kg/m3the Congo Craton features a cool and undisturbed lithosphere with smooth density contrasts across the Moho. The estimated Moho depth shows a bimodal pattern with average Moho depth of 39–40 km for the Kalahari and Congo Cratons and 33–34 km for the West African Craton. We link our estimated Moho depth with the cratonic extensions, imaged by seismic tomography, and with topographic patterns. The results indicate that cratonic lithosphere is not necessarily accompanied by thick crust. For the West African Craton, the estimated thin crust, i.e. shallow Moho, contrasts to thick lithosphere. This discrepancy remains enigmatic and requires further studies.
Effects of the Sex Chromosome Complement, XX, XO, or XY, on the Transcriptome and Development of Mouse Oocytes During Follicular Growth
Authors: Yamazaki Wataru , Badescu Dunarel , Tan Seang Lin , Ragoussis Jiannis , Taketo Teruko 
Published: December 2021

The sex chromosome complement, XX or XY, determines sexual differentiation of the gonadal primordium into a testis or an ovary, which in turn directs differentiation of the germ cells into sperm and oocytes, respectively, in eutherian mammals. When the X monosomy or XY sex reversal occurs, XO and XY females exhibit subfertility and infertility in the mouse on the C57BL/6J genetic background, suggesting that functional germ cell differentiation requires the proper sex chromosome complement. Using these mouse models, we asked how the sex chromosome complement affects gene transcription in the oocytes during follicular growth. An oocyte accumulates cytoplasmic components such as mRNAs and proteins during follicular growth to support subsequent meiotic progression, fertilization, and early embryonic development without de novo transcription. However, how gene transcription is regulated during oocyte growth is not well understood. Our results revealed that XY oocytes became abnormal in chromatin configuration, mitochondria distribution, and de novo transcription compared to XX or XO oocytes near the end of growth phase. Therefore, we compared transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing among the XX, XO, and XY oocytes of 50–60 µm in diameter, which were still morphologically comparable. The results showed that the X chromosome dosage limited the X-linked and autosomal gene transcript levels in XO oocytes whereas many genes were transcribed from the Y chromosome and made the transcriptome in XY oocytes closer to that in XX oocytes. We then compared the transcript levels of 3 X-linked, 3 Y-linked and 2 autosomal genes in the XX, XO, and XY oocytes during the entire growth phase as well as at the end of growth phase using quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicated that the transcript levels of most genes increased with oocyte growth while largely maintaining the X chromosome dosage dependence. Near the end of growth phase, however, transcript levels of some X-linked genes did not increase in XY oocytes as much as XX or XO oocytes, rendering their levels much lower than those in XX oocytes. Thus, XY oocytes established a distinct transcriptome at the end of growth phase, which may be associated with abnormal chromatin configuration and mitochondria distribution.
Temperature and Stress Dependence of Screw Dislocation Mobility in Nb-V-Ta Alloys Using Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Zhou Xinran , Marian Jaime 
Published: December 2021

In this work we present simulations of thermally-activated screw dislocation motion in Nb-Ta-V alloys for two distinct scenarios, one where kink propagation is solely driven by chemical energy changes, i.e., thermodynamic energy differences, and another one where a migration barrier of 1.0 eV is added to such changes. The simulations have been performed using a kinetic Monte Carlo model for screw dislocation kinetics modified for complex lattice-level chemical environments. At low stresses, we find that dislocation motion in the case with no barrier is controlled by long waiting times due to slow nucleation rates and extremely fast kink propagation. Conversely, at high stress, the distribution of sampled time steps for both kink-pair nucleation and kink propagation events are comparable, resulting in continuous motion and faster velocities. In the case of the 1.0-eV kink propagation energy barrier, at low stresses kink motion becomes the rate-limiting step, leading to slow dynamics and large kink lateral pileups, while at high stresses both kink pair nucleation and kink propagation coexist on similar time scales. In the end, dislocation velocities differ by more than four orders of magnitude between both scenarios, emphasizing the need to have accurate calculations of kink energy barriers in the complex chemical environments inherent to these alloys.
Retinal Microvascular Reactivity in Chronic Cigarette Smokers and Non-smokers: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Huan , Zong Yuan , Yu Jian , Jiang Chunhui , Zhu Haohao , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the retinal microvasculature and its reactivity in chronic cigarette smokers.Methods: Thirty-four male chronic cigarette smokers and 18 male non-smokers were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure the perfused retinal vessel densities (PVDs) of the peripapillary and parafoveal areas at baseline and during phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver (VM-IV). Systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure were also measured.Results: The baseline PVD in the peripapillary area of the smokers was significantly lower than the non-smokers (59.56 ± 2.26% vs. 61.67 ± 3.58%, respectively; P = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in the foveal avascular zone or parafoveal PVD between the two groups. During VM-IV, the peripapillary PVD of the smokers decreased by 1.13 ± 3.50%, which was significantly less than that of the non-smokers (−3.83 ± 4.26%, P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the parafoveal PVD of the smokers decreased by 5.49 ± 9.70%, which was significantly less than the percentage change of the non-smokers (−13.01 ± 8.39%, P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage change in systemic blood pressure parameters between the two groups.Conclusion: The retinal microvasculature and its reactivity were impaired in chronic smokers compared with non-smokers. The extent of impairment differed among different regions of the fundus.
GSTP1 and GSTM3 Variant Alleles Affect Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Coric Vesna , Milosevic Ivana , Djukic Tatjana , Bukumiric Zoran , Savic-Radojevic Ana , Matic Marija , Jerotic Djurdja , Todorovic Nevena , Asanin Milika , Ercegovac Marko , Ranin Jovan , Stevanovic Goran , Pljesa-Ercegovac Marija , Simic Tatjana 
Published: December 2021

Based on the premise that oxidative stress plays an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we speculated that variations in the antioxidant activities of different members of the glutathione S-transferase family of enzymes might modulate individual susceptibility towards development of clinical manifestations in COVID-19. The distribution of polymorphisms in cytosolic glutathione S-transferasesGSTA1,GSTM1,GSTM3,GSTP1(rs1695andrs1138272), andGSTT1were assessed in 207 COVID-19 patients and 252 matched healthy individuals, emphasizing their individual and cumulative effect in disease development and severity.GSTpolymorphisms were determined by appropriate PCR methods. Among sixGSTpolymorphisms analyzed in this study,GSTP1rs1695 andGSTM3were found to be associated with COVID-19. Indeed, the data obtained showed that individuals carrying variantGSTP1-Valallele exhibit lower odds of COVID-19 development (p = 0.002), contrary to carriers of variantGSTM3-CCgenotype which have higher odds for COVID-19 (p = 0.024). Moreover, combinedGSTP1(rs1138272andrs1695) andGSTM3genotype exhibited cumulative risk regarding both COVID-19 occurrence and COVID-19 severity (p = 0.001 andp = 0.025, respectively). Further studies are needed to clarify the exact roles of specific glutathione S-transferases once the SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated in the host cell.
Exploring the Retinal Binding Cavity of Archaerhodopsin-3 by Replacing the Retinal Chromophore With a Dimethyl Phenylated Derivative
Authors: Tsuneishi Taichi , Takahashi Masataka , Tsujimura Masaki , Kojima Keiichi , Ishikita Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Sudo Yuki 
Published: December 2021

Rhodopsins act as photoreceptors with their chromophore retinal (vitamin-A aldehyde) and they regulate light-dependent biological functions. Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) is an outward proton pump that has been widely utilized as a tool for optogenetics, a method for controlling cellular activity by light. To characterize the retinal binding cavity of AR3, we synthesized a dimethyl phenylated retinal derivative, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal (DMP-retinal). QM/MM calculations suggested that DMP-retinal can be incorporated into the opsin of AR3 (archaeopsin-3, AO3). Thus, we introduced DMP-retinal into AO3 to obtain the non-natural holoprotein (AO3-DMP) and compared some molecular properties with those of AO3 with the natural A1-retinal (AO3-A1) or AR3. Light-induced pH change measurements revealed that AO3-DMP maintained slow outward proton pumping. Noteworthy, AO3-DMP had several significant changes in its molecular properties compared with AO3-A1 as follows; 1) spectroscopic measurements revealed that the absorption maximum was shifted from 556 to 508 nm and QM/MM calculations showed that the blue-shift was due to the significant increase in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the chromophore with the contribution of some residues around the chromophore, 2) time-resolved spectroscopic measurements revealed the photocycling rate was significantly decreased, and 3) kinetical spectroscopic measurements revealed the sensitivity of the chromophore binding Schiff base to attack by hydroxylamine was significantly increased. The QM/MM calculations show that a cavity space is present at the aromatic ring moiety in the AO3-DMP structure whereas it is absent at the corresponding β-ionone ring moiety in the AO3-A1 structure. We discuss these alterations of the difference in interaction between the natural A1-retinal and the DMP-retinal with binding cavity residues.
Assessing the Effects of Vitamin D on Neural Network Function in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease by Measuring the Fraction Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation
Authors: Lv Lingling , Zhang Hainan , Tan Xuling , Qin Lixia , Peng Xinke , Bai Rongrong , Xiao Qile , Tan Changlian , Liao Haiyan , Yan Weiqian , Tan Jieqiong , Tang Beisha , Wang Chunyu 
Published: December 2021

Background: Recently, many studies have shown that low vitamin D (VD) levels may be related to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Objective: To explore the relationship between PD and VD levels, as well as to analyze the effects of VD on spontaneous brain activity and explore the possible mechanism of its involvement in PD risk.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we quantified the difference in VD levels between 330 PD patients and 209 healthy controls (HC) to explore the correlation between VD and PD risk. We also acquired resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 46 PD patients and 21 HC. The PD patients were divided into three groups according to 25(OH)D levels: PD patients with VD deficiency (PD + VDD), PD patients with VD insufficiency (PD + VDI), and PD patients with normal VD (PD + NVD). The effect of VD status on spontaneous neuronal activity in the whole brain was analyzed by measuring the fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF).Results: Compared with HC, the PD patients had lower serum 25(OH)D levels (23.60 ± 7.27 vs. 25.60 ± 5.78, P &lt; 0.001). The 25(OH)D level may have a potential dose-dependent effect on the risk of PD (Ptrend = 0.007). A high risk of PD was associated with VD deficiency [25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/mL, OR = 2.319], and the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a high risk of PD (OR = 1.941). In the rs-fMRI study, PD + VDD patients had wider brain regions with altered fALFF than other PD groups when compared with the corresponding HC groups. Both PD + VDD and PD + VDI showed higher fALFF in the cuneus, left precuneus, calcarine cortex and right lingual, as well as lower fALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus. PD + VDD patients also showed higher fALFF in the left superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri, as well as the left precentral gyrus than HC. Among PD patients, there was only a statistically significant difference in fALFF between the PD + VDD and PD + NVD groups. Compared with the PD + NVD group, PD + VDD patients exhibited higher fALFF in the left precentral and left postcentral gyrus, as well as the left inferior parietal lobule.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that PD patients had lower serum VD levels than HC, and VD may have a potential dose-dependent effect on PD risk. Lower serum VD levels can affect the spontaneous neuronal activity of default-mode network (DMN) and visual pathway neurons in PD patients, providing a possible mechanism for its effect on PD risk.
Low Toe–Brachial Index Is Associated With Stroke Outcome Despite Normal Ankle–Brachial Index
Authors: Han Minho , Kim Young Dae , Lee Ilhyung , Lee Hyungwoo , Heo Joonnyung , Lee Hye Sun , Nam Hyo Suk 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:We investigated whether the toe–brachial index (TBI) is associated with stroke prognosis and evaluated this association in patients with normal ankle–brachial index (ABI).Methods:Acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent TBI measurements were enrolled. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≥3. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, or death. Normal ABI was defined as 0.9 ≤ ABI ≤ 1.4.Results:A total of 1,697 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median 39.7 (interquartile range, 25.7–54.6) months. During the period, 305 patients suffered MACE (18.0%), including 171 (10.1%) stroke recurrences. TBI was associated with hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, aortic plaque score, ABI, and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (allp&lt; 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, TBI was inversely associated with poor functional outcome in all patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.294, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.114–0.759], even in patients with normal ABI (OR 0.293, 95% CI 0.095–0.906). In multivariable Cox regression, TBI &lt; 0.6 was associated with stroke recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 1.651, 95% CI 1.135–2.400], all-cause mortality (HR 2.105, 95% CI 1.343–3.298), and MACE (HR 1.838, 95% CI 1.396–2.419) in all patients. TBI &lt; 0.6 was also associated with stroke recurrence (HR 1.681, 95% CI 1.080–2.618), all-cause mortality (HR 2.075, 95% CI 1.180–3.651), and MACE (HR 1.619, 95% CI 1.149–2.281) in patients with normal ABI.Conclusions:Low TBI is independently associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients despite normal ABI.
Molecular Imaging of Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin in Colorectal Cancer Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (With Video)
Authors: Wang Weijun , Tian Shuxin , Jiang Xin , Pang Suya , Shi Huiying , Fan Mengke , Wang Zeyu , Jiang Weiwei , Hu Weiqian , Xiao Xueyan , Lin Rong 
Published: December 2021

Background and Study AimsPrevious studies have identified that colorectal cancer has different fucosylation levels compared to the normal colon. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), which specifically combines with α1-2 fucose glycan, is usually used to detect fucosylation levels. Therefore, we used confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) to investigate fluorescently labeled UEA-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for detecting colonic cancer.Patients and MethodsWe stained frozen mouse colon tissue sections of normal, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma species with UEA-FITC to detect fucosylation levels in different groups. White light endoscopy and endocytoscopy were first used to detect the lesions. The UEA-FITC was then stained in the mice and human colon tissues in vitro. The CLE was used to detect the UEA-FITC levels of the corresponding lesions, and videos were recorded for quantitation analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of UEA-FITC using CLE was evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe UEA expression level in colorectal cancer was lower than that in normal intestinal epithelium. The fluorescence intensity ratio of UEA-FITC in colorectal cancer was significantly lower than that in normal tissue detected by CLE in both mice and humans. The combination of UEA-FITC and CLE presented a good diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 97.7% for detecting colorectal cancer. The positive and negative predictive values were 91.6% and 95.6%, respectively. Overall, 95.6% of the sites were correctly classified by CLE.ConclusionsWe developed a new imaging strategy to improve the diagnostic efficacy of CLE by using UEA-FITC.
Postoperative Outcomes of Distal Pancreatectomy for Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Abutting the Pancreas in the Left Upper Quadrant
Authors: Kim Kyeong Deok , Lee Kyo Won , Lee Ji Eun , Hwang Jeong Ah , Jo Sung Jun , Kim Jinseob , Lim So Hee , Park Jae Berm 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEn bloc resection of the tumor with adjacent organs is recommended for localized retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). However, resection of the pancreas is controversial because it may cause serious complications, such as pancreatic fistula or bleeding. Thus, we evaluated the outcomes of distal pancreatectomy (DP) in pancreas-abutting RPS of the left upper quadrant (LUQ).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent surgery for RPS between September 2001 and April 2020. We selected 150 patients with all or part of their tumor located in the LUQ on preoperative computed tomography. Eighty-six patients who had tumors abutting the pancreas were finally enrolled in our study.ResultsFifty-three patients (53/86; 61.6%) were included in the non-DP group, and 33 patients (33/86; 38.4%) were included in the DP group. Total postoperative complications and complication rates for those Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or higher were similar between the non-DP group and DP group (p = 0.290 and p = 0.550). In the DP group, grade B pancreatic fistulae occurred in 18.2% (6/33) of patients, but grade C pancreatic fistulae were absent, and microscopic pancreatic invasion was noted in 42.4% (14/33) of patients. During multivariate analysis, microscopic pancreatic invasion was deemed a risk factor for local recurrence (p = 0.029). However, there were no significant differences on preoperative computed tomography findings between the pancreatic invasion and non-invasion groups.ConclusionDP is a reasonable procedure for pancreas-abutting RPS located at the LUQ when both complications and complete resection are considered.