bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the influence of perceived susceptibility to addressable TV advertising targeting children on parents’ purchase intentions
Authors: Brinson Nancy H. , Holiday Steven 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Addressable television is an interactive medium that blends online data personalization with traditional TV content to better address individual consumers and improve advertising outcomes. Drawing on the persuasion knowledge model (PKM) and the influence of presumed influence (IPI), this paper aims to examine parents’ beliefs about the nature and persuasive intent of addressable TV advertising targeting their children, and the intervening influence those beliefs have on the parents’ intentions to purchase the advertised products.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used an online survey design to examine the influence that addressable TV ads targeting children have on parents’ consumer behaviors. In total, 196 parents of children aged 3 to 12 completed the study. The majority of respondents had one (23%) or two (40.3%) children were primarily in two-parent (73.5%) or one-parent households (21.9%), and 79.6% indicated that they were mothers. Respondents were 23 to 41 years old (M = 37, SD = 8.03); dominantly Caucasian (77.5%; 16.8% African American); had an education of less than a college degree (65.3%); and a median household income of $50,000–$75,000 (73.5%).

Findings
Findings from this study indicate beliefs that a TV ad personally addressing their children positively influence parents’ purchase intentions, and this influence is partially mediated by perceptions of children’s susceptibility to the ad and perceptions of the likelihood of children’s purchase requests. Beliefs in children’s susceptibility to an ad’s addressability alternatively negatively mediates parents’ purchase intentions when not sequentially mediated by beliefs in the likelihood of children’s purchase requests.

Originality/value
Currently, there is little published research related to parents’ perceptions about the effects of personalized advertising targeting their children in general, and none that consider addressable TV advertising or the indirect influence this targeted advertising has on parents. Thus, this study provides important insights for scholars interested in theoretical implications related to addressable TV advertising, as well as practitioners seeking to enhance addressable TV advertising outcomes.
Experimental field evidence shows milkweed contaminated with a common neonicotinoid decreases larval survival of monarch butterflies
Authors: Knight Samantha M. , Flockhart D. T. Tyler , Derbyshire Rachael , Bosco Mark G. , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world and can have both lethal and sub‐lethal effects on non‐target organisms in agricultural areas. Monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades and, given that a large proportion of milkweed on the landscape grows in agricultural areas, there is concern about the negative effects of neonicotinoids on this non‐target insect.

In the field, we exposed common milkweed Asclepias syriaca, an obligate host plant of monarch butterflies, to agriculturally realistic levels of clothianidin, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. We tested whether this treatment influenced the number of eggs laid and larval survival over 2 years.

Milkweeds were transplanted into 60 experimental plots alongside a corn crop planted with a clothianidin seed coat and 60 control plots alongside an untreated corn crop. The number of eggs, larvae at each stage (first to fifth instar), and the presence of other arthropods were recorded weekly from June to the end of August and survival from egg to fifth instar was estimated using a Bayesian state‐space statistical model.

We counted more eggs in treated plots compared to control plots, suggesting a preference for treated milkweed. The number of plots with arthropods did not differ between treatments, but within treated plots, there was a greater decrease in the number of arthropods throughout the season. There was no evidence that monarchs selected plots with fewer arthropods for oviposition. Larval survival was lower in clothianidin‐treated plots compared to control plots.

Our results suggest milkweed near clothianidin‐treated crops can reduce larval survival of monarch butterflies. While we provide some evidence that clothianidin could also act as an ecological trap for this species, further work is needed to identify additional components of fitness, including individual egg‐laying rates and survival beyond the pupal stage. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that neonicotinoids can negatively affect non‐target organisms.

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A Raspberry Pi‐based camera system and image processing procedure for low cost and long‐term monitoring of forest canopy dynamics
Authors: Wilkinson Matthew , Bell Michael C. , Morison James I. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In‐situ, high‐frequency and long‐term monitoring of forest canopy development is vital for improved understanding in many fields of ecology. Although there are well‐established commercial instruments measuring light interception and digital hemispherical photography methods, the equipment cost (thousands of pounds) and lack of field robustness make these instruments not suitable for long‐term unattended measurements and can only give the high‐resolution spatial sampling usually required in forests when used manually, with substantial effort.

Here we present a low‐cost Raspberry Pi camera system that is robust and suitable for the acquisition of long‐term, high‐frequency forest canopy images. The low cost of each camera means multiple systems could be used to provide the required spatial sampling. We also present an open‐source R script for post‐processing these images to provide a semi‐automated processing chain, easily adaptable for use at other forest sites.

Four individual camera systems were tested at a deciduous oak forest in SE England over three growing seasons. These ground‐based camera systems were used to take upward‐facing images of a forest canopy every 30 min. The timing of canopy seasonal development, derived from the novel Raspberry Pi method, compared well with an established technique based on canopy light interception measurements.

With a cost of approximately £80, these systems have the potential to enable unattended widespread forest canopy monitoring at a very low cost, providing high spatial and temporal resolution that has previously been unattainable.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability and food effect of single doses of soticlestat in healthy subjects
Authors: Wang Shining , Chen Grace , Merlo Pich Emilio , Affinito John , Cwik Michael , Faessel Hélène 
Published: April 2021

AimsSoticlestat is a first‐in‐class selective inhibitor of cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase, the enzyme that converts brain cholesterol to 24S‐hydroxycholesterol (24HC), a positive allosteric modulator ofN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Soticlestat is under development as treatment for rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.MethodsIn this first‐in‐human study, 48 healthy men and women received single ascending doses of soticlestat oral solution or placebo. Subsequently, nine healthy subjects received soticlestat tablets under fed and fasting conditions to assess the relative oral bioavailability and effects of food. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments.ResultsSoticlestat appeared to be well tolerated up to a single dose of 1350 mg. Adverse events (AEs) were mild in intensity, and dose‐dependent increase in AE prevalence was not apparent. Soticlestat administered via oral solution was rapidly absorbed (median time to maximum plasma concentration [Cmax] 0.250–0.520 h). MeanCmaxand area under plasma concentration–time curve from zero to infinity increased by 183‐ and 581‐fold, respectively, over a 90‐fold dose increase. Mean terminal elimination half‐life was 0.820–7.16 hours across doses. Renal excretion was negligible. Administration of soticlestat tablets, and with food, loweredCmaxbut did not affect overall exposure. Plasma 24HC concentrations generally decreased with increasing dose.ConclusionsSoticlestat appeared to be well tolerated after a single oral administration of up to 1350 mg and dose‐dependently reduced plasma 24HC concentrations. Systemic exposure increased in a greater than dose‐proportional manner over the dose range evaluated but was not affected by formulation or administration with food.
Repeated exposure to JWH‐018 induces adaptive changes in the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways, glial cells alterations, and behavioural correlates
Authors: Pintori Nicholas , Castelli Maria Paola , Miliano Cristina , Simola Nicola , Fadda Paola , Fattore Liana , Scherma Maria , Ennas Maria Grazia , Mostallino Rafaela , Flore Giovanna , De Felice Marta , Sagheddu Claudia , Pistis Marco , Di Chiara Gaetano , De Luca Maria Antonietta 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeSpice/K2 herbal mixtures, containing synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH‐018, have been marketed as marijuana surrogates since 2004. JWH‐018 has cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐dependent reinforcing properties and acutely increases dopaminergic transmission selectively in the NAc shell. Here, we tested the hypothesis that repeated administration of JWH‐018 (i) modulates behaviour, (ii) affects dopaminergic transmission and its responsiveness to motivational stimuli, and (iii) is associated with a neuroinflammatory phenotype.Experimental ApproachRats were administered with JWH‐018 once a day for 14 consecutive days. We then performed behavioural, electrophysiological, and neurochemical evaluation at multiple time points after drug discontinuation.Key ResultsRepeated JWH‐018 exposure (i) induced anxious and aversive behaviours, transitory attentional deficits, and withdrawal signs; (ii) decreased spontaneous activity and number of dopamine neurons in the VTA; and (iii) reduced stimulation of dopaminergic transmission in the NAc shell while potentiating that in the NAc core, in response to acute JWH‐018 challenge. Moreover, (iv) we observed a decreased dopamine sensitivity in the NAc shell and core, but not in the mPFC, to a first chocolate exposure; conversely, after a second exposure, dialysate dopamine fully increased in the NAc shell and core but not in the mPFC. Finally, selected dopamine brain areas showed (v) astrogliosis (mPFC, NAc shell and core, VTA), microgliosis (NAc shell and core), and downregulation of CB1 receptors (mPFC, NAc shell and core).Conclusion and ImplicationsRepeated exposure to JWH‐018 may provide a useful model to clarify the detrimental effects of recurring use of Spice/K2 drugs.
Combining chitin biological conduits with small autogenous nerves and platelet‐rich plasma for the repair of sciatic nerve defects in rats
Authors: Lu Chang‐Feng , Wang Bo , Zhang Pei‐Xun , Han Shuai , Pi Wei , Kou Yu‐Hui , Jiang Bao‐Guo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsPeripheral nerve defects are often difficult to recover from, and there is no optimal repair method. Therefore, it is important to explore new methods of repairing peripheral nerve defects. This study explored the efficacy of nerve grafts constructed from chitin biological conduits combined with small autogenous nerves (SANs) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) for repairing 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects in rats.MethodsTo prepare 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects, SANs were first harvested and PRP was extracted. The nerve grafts consisted of chitin biological conduits combined with SAN and PRP, and were used to repair rat sciatic nerve defects. These examinations, including measurements of axon growth efficiency, a gait analysis, electrophysiological tests, counts of regenerated myelinated fibers and observations of their morphology, histological evaluation of the gastrocnemius muscle, retrograde tracing with Fluor‐Gold (FG), and motor endplates (MEPs) distribution analysis, were conducted to evaluate the repair status.ResultsTwo weeks after nerve transplantation, the rate and number of regenerated axons in the PRP‐SAN group improved compared with those in the PRP, SAN, and Hollow groups. The PRP‐SAN group exhibited better recovery in terms of the sciatic functional index value, composite action potential intensity, myelinated nerve fiber density, myelin sheath thickness, and gastrectomy tissue at 12 weeks after transplantation, compared with the PRP and SAN groups. The results of FG retrograde tracing and MEPs analyses showed that numbers of FG‐positive sensory neurons and motor neurons as well as MEPs distribution density were higher in the PRP‐SAN group than in the PRP or SAN group.ConclusionsNerve grafts comprising chitin biological conduits combined with SANs and PRP significantly improved the repair of 10‐mm sciatic nerve defects in rats and may have therapeutic potential for repairing peripheral nerve defects in future applications.
Evaluation of an opioid restrictive pain management initiative in adult kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dualeh Shukri H. A. , McMurry Katie , Herman Alexandra E. , Maryan Samantha , Pacurar Lavinia A. , Waits Seth A. , Tischer Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeEvidence to guide opioid utilization following kidney transplantation is lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of an opioid restrictive post‐operative pain management protocol in adult kidney transplant recipients.MethodsWe analyzed patients who underwent kidney transplant between 1/1/2017 to 8/15/2018. A standardized, opioid restrictive pain management protocol was implemented in February 2018. The primary outcome was quantity of opioid tablets prescribed at discharge. Secondary outcomes included amount of opioid prescribed within first 30 days, number of patient calls for pain, and opioid prescription in electronic medical record (EMR) at 90 days and 1 year.ResultsAfter implementation, significantly fewer opioid tablets were prescribed at discharge (4 vs. 60 tablets, p < .001) and less oral morphine milligram equivalence (OME) were prescribed within 30 days of transplant (38 vs. 300, p < .001). In cohort 2, fewer patients received more than one opioid prescription, more patients received truncal block and only 5 patients received patient controlled analgesia compared to all in cohort 1.ConclusionA standardized, patient‐centered pain management strategy after kidney transplantation reduced opioid prescribing without increasing readmissions or clinic calls. This data may be used to inform guidelines for appropriate OME prescribing at discharge after kidney transplantation.
Dental trauma in toddlers 1–3 years of age living in multicultural areas of Stockholm, Sweden: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Anderson Maria , Duran Sahin Demet , Tsilingaridis Georgios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries are common and affect many children. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of dental trauma as well as the costs and resource use in a cohort of children aged 1–3 years in low socioeconomic areas (low income and educational level) of Stockholm.Materials and MethodsData were extracted from a larger intervention trial and analyzed for the prevalence and other characteristics of dental trauma as well as patient characteristics of children (n = 1346) from six dental clinics in low‐income, multicultural areas. Variables describing the trauma, socioeconomic status, direct and indirect costs, and time spent at the emergency visit for the dental trauma were retrieved from the dental records. The study also recorded which healthcare profession handled the first and follow‐up visits.ResultsThe prevalence of dental trauma in the study cohort was 8.2%, and higher among boys (n = 71) than girls (n = 39). Boys exhibited a significantly higher risk for dental trauma (OR, 1.76; 95% CI = 1.17–2.65). Maxillary incisors were the teeth most often traumatized, and lateral luxation was the most common diagnosis. The mean time spent per child during the first year following the dental trauma was 36 min, and the mean costs per child were EUR 878. The total average per‐child cost (direct and indirect costs) for dental trauma was EUR 2107. Dental visits due to traumatic injuries were significantly less common among children with an immigrant background and in families with an income ≤EUR 2000 per month.ConclusionsToddlers in families who have a low socioeconomic status, a foreign background, and live in multicultural areas of Stockholm visit dental clinics for traumatic dental injuries less often than non‐immigrant children living in families with a high socioeconomic status.
The impact of orthodontic treatment on choosing a career in dentistry
Authors: Rouhiainen Vilma , Karaharju‐Suvanto Terhi , Waltimo‐Sirén Janna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionMany studies, globally, have aimed at elucidating reasons to choose a career in dentistry. The most common motives found are reasonable working hours and aspiration to help. The aim of this study was to explore whether eventual past personal experience of orthodontic treatment and particularly the interpersonal skills of the treating orthodontist are of significance in this respect.Materials and methodsAn electronic questionnaire, consisting of multiple choice and descriptive questions about dental history and experiences in dental care, was sent to dental and, as controls, psychology students within the same Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. The answers between the two groups were compared and differences tested statistically.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 143 (46.0%) dental students and 94 (17.6%) psychology students. Dental students, compared to psychology students, had more positive views of their dentition and dental treatment in general (p = 0.000). Amongst participants, 47.9% of dental students and 57.4% of psychology students had received orthodontic treatment. Of those, dental students had perceived their orthodontic treatment as less painful (p = 0.001) and less uncomfortable (p = 0.000) than psychology students. Moreover, dental students reported more often experiences of orthodontist taking into account their situation in life during treatment (p = 0.011) and gave more positive descriptions of the orthodontist's interpersonal skills (p = 0.031).ConclusionsDental students, compared to psychology students, had statistically significantly more positive personal experiences related to dentistry and orthodontics, supporting our hypothesis that positive experiences with orthodontic treatment likely increase the probability of choosing dentistry as the future career.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of Guillain−Barré syndrome spectrum associated with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Palaiodimou Lina , Stefanou Maria‐Ioanna , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Fragkou Paraskevi C. , Papadopoulou Marianna , Moschovos Christos , Michopoulos Ioannis , Kokotis Panagiotis , Bakirtzis Christos , Naska Androniki , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros I. , Chroni Elisabeth , Tsiodras Sotirios , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMounting evidence supports an association between Guillain−Barré syndrome spectrum (GBSs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, GBSs in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remains poorly characterized, whilst GBSs prevalence amongst COVID‐19 patients has not been previously systematically evaluated using a meta‐analytical approach.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational cohort and case series studies reporting on the occurrence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19‐associated GBSs was performed. A random‐effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), compared to non‐COVID‐19, contemporary or historical GBSs patients.ResultsEighteen eligible studies (11 cohorts, seven case series) were identified including a total of 136,746 COVID‐19 patients. Amongst COVID‐19 patients, including hospitalized and non‐hospitalized cases, the pooled GBSs prevalence was 0.15‰ (95% CI 0%–0.49‰; I2 = 96%). Compared with non‐infected contemporary or historical controls, patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had increased odds for demyelinating GBSs subtypes (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.32%–8.09%; I2 = 0%). In SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients, olfactory or concomitant cranial nerve involvement was noted in 41.4% (95% CI 3.5%–60.4%; I2 = 46%) and 42.8% (95% CI 32.8%–53%; I2 = 0%) of the patients, respectively. Clinical outcomes including in‐hospital mortality were comparable between COVID‐19 GBSs patients and non‐infected contemporary or historical GBSs controls.ConclusionGBSs prevalence was estimated at 15 cases per 100,000 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. COVID‐19 appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of GBSs and with demyelinating GBSs variants in particular.
Cross‐sectional area reference values for peripheral nerve ultrasound in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis—Part III: Cervical nerve roots and vagal nerve
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Krogias Christos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMeasurement of the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of cervical nerve roots using ultrasound is useful in the evaluation of inflammatory polyneuropathies, and measurement of CSA of the vagal nerve might give information about involvement of the autonomic nervous system. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published CSA reference values for cervical nerve roots and vagal nerve.MethodsWe included available‐to‐date nerve ultrasound studies on healthy adults and provide meta‐analysis for CSA of the following nerves: cervical nerve roots C5, C6, and C7 as well as vagal nerve in the carotid sheath at the carotid bifurcation level. We report regression and correlation analyses for age, gender, height, weight, and geographic continent.ResultsWe included 11 studies with 885 healthy volunteers (mean age = 42.7 years) and 3149 examined nerve sites. Calculated mean pooled CSA of C5 root was 5.6 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.6–6.7 mm2, n = 911), of C6 root was 8.8 mm2 (95% CI = 7.4–10.3 mm2, n = 909), of C7 root was 9.5 mm2 (95% CI = 8.0–10.9 mm2, n = 909), and of vagal nerve was 2.2 mm2 (95% CI = 1.5–2.9 mm2, n = 420). No heterogeneity was found across studies for any site. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant effects of age, gender, height, weight, and geographic continent on CSA for any of these nerve sites.ConclusionsWe provide the first meta‐analysis on CSA reference values for the cervical nerve roots and the vagal nerve, with no heterogeneity of reported CSA values at all nerve sites. Our data facilitate the goal of an international standardized evaluation protocol.