bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time To Discharge and Its Predictors Among Admitted Patients in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital North-West Ethiopia, a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Orcho Afework , Keleb Gebretsadik , Getnet Tewodros 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Hospital long stay is a serious social and economic problem, leading to elevated medical expenses, increased workload, and financial burden. Patients’ discharge time was different in admitted patients in hospitals. In Ethiopia, there was limited evidence why the patients' length of stay is different in roughly the same condition.
Objective

This study aimed to determine a time to discharge and its predictors among admissions in Felege Hiwot Hospital in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020 G.C
Methods

Prospective cohort study was conducted among 812 systematically selected study participants. The data collected using standardized questionary was entered into EPI DATA and exported into STATA for analysis. Appropriate descriptive statistics were stated. Incidence density to estimate time to discharge, and life table and Kaplan Meier curve to determine the cumulative survival of patients in the wards were used. Cox proportional hazard (Weibull) model was used to examine predictors of discharge. Variables from bivariate analysis with p<0.25 were a candidate for the final model. Adjusted Hazard Ratio with their 95% CI at p<0.05 was used to predict discharge. Model fitness was checked.
Results

A total of 812 admitted patients participated in the study giving a total response rate of 95%. Fifty-five presents were females; the median age was 32. The total times at admission wards in medical were 1827and in surgical 2050 days. The incidence densities of discharge in medical and surgical wards were 361/1827 and 359/2050-person days respectively. The median time to discharge of all participant admission was four days. Predictors of discharge were age (AHR 1.04(95% CI 1,02-1.06)), family care (AHR .69(.51-.94)), admission source (AHR 2.07(1.39-2.90)), admission time (AHR .57(.49-.67)). Lab.-result delay (AHR .67(.55-.81)), radiological result delay (AHR .78 (.64-.95)), presence of comorbidity (AHR.50(.42-.60)), disease burden group (AHR 2.15(1.84-2.66)), specialty (AHR 0.66 (0.56-0.78)), nurse-to-patient ratio (AHR 1.95 (1.57-2.43)), and medication adherence (AHR 2.83(2.29-3.51).
Conclusion

Surgical admitted patients discharged in longer time than medical. It is important to emphasize good communication of respective specialties on the lab. and radiology result test waiting time and also teaching the benefit of medication adherence to the patients.
Toxicity Evaluation of Choline Ionic Liquid-Based Nanocarriers of Pharmaceutical Agent For Lung Treatment With Extra Antitumor Activity
Authors: Niesyto Katarzyna , Skonieczna Magdalena , Adamiec-Organisciok Malgorzata , Neugebauer Dorota 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of linear copolymer (LC) containing choline ionic liquid units and its conjugates with an antibacterial drug in anionic form, i.e. p-aminosalicylate (LC_PAS), clavulanate (LC_CLV), or piperacillin (LC_PIP) was carried out. These systems were tested against normal: human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and cancers: adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), and human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H1299). Cells viability, after linear copolymer LC and their conjugates addition for 72 hours, was measured at concentrations range of 3.125‑100 μg/mL. The MTT test allowed the designation of IC50 index, which was higher for BEAS-2B, and significantly lower in the case of cancer cell lines. The cytometric analyzes, i.e. Annexin-V FITC apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis as well as gene expression measurements for interleukins IL6 and IL8 were carried out, and showed pro-inflammatory activity of tested compounds towards cancer cells, while it was not observed against normal cell line. In summary, the anticancer property of linear copolymers with antibacterial drugs was shown.
Species Composition, Abundance and Population Structure of Malaria Vectors in Two Villages of Sudan
Authors: Mustafa Mashair Sir El Khatim , Jaal Zairi , Kashawa Sumia Abu , Nor Siti Azizah Mohd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFrequent monitoring of mosquito vector population is a strategy of great importance for reducing risks of disease occurrence. In Sudan, malaria is still a big threat to public health. Insecticide-based control has been undertaken for years, but there is no noticeable decrease of malaria infection nationwide.ObjectiveTo overcome this situation, a better understanding of the breeding ecology of the vectors is relevant. Here, we investigate the species composition of malaria vectors, seasonal abundance and population structure in two different villages.MethodologyMonthly samplings were performed in Abu Algoni (Sennar State) and Algerif West (Khartoum State) from June 2010 to May 2011. During each visit, immature stages were collected from potential breeding sites using dipping technique. In addition, adults were collected indoors from houses by aspiration and indoor pyrethrum spray methods. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically, the Anopheles gambiae complex diagnosed using PCR and the physiological status of females determined based on appropriate techniques. Environmental parameters namely temperature, rainfall and humidity were measured.ResultsA total of 4,932 mosquitoes comprising of 3047 larvae and 1885 adults (males and females combined) were sampled. Of these, 88.9% were collected from Abu Algoni while 11.1% were from Algerif West. Two species, An. rufipes and An. arabiensis were encountered. Anopheles rufipes was only found in Abu Algoni, while the latter was found in both villages, where it represented more than 99% of the total collection.Mosquitoes were found breeding in many types of places including canals, temporary pools of water, animal hooves, water from broken pipes, and water storage containers. No significant correlation was found between female and temperature (p>0.05). Significant correlation difference was observed between number of females of An. arabiensis and rainfall (p<0.05) and humidity (p<0.01).ConclusionsAnopheles arabiensis is the only member of An. gambiae complex detected in the present study. Seasonal abundance of An. arabiensis was observed with most during the wet rainy season in both villages. This could be associated with the availability of more breeding sites created by the rainfall. The majority were parous which indicates high survival rates and thus high vectorial capacity in transmitting malaria.
Relationship Between Injured Cingulum and Impaired Consciousness in Patients with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Jang SungHO , SEO YOUSUNG 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
We investigated the relationship between cingulum injury and impaired consciousness in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI) by using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).
Methods
We recruited 29 patients with HI-BI and 25 normal control subjects. The patients were classified as intact consciousness (group A, 13 patients) or impaired consciousness (group B, 16 patients). The DTT parameters of fractional anisotropy (FA) and tract volume (TV) were estimated for both cinguli. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores were also evaluated.
Results
The FA and TV values of the cinguli in groups A and B were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05), and the FA and TV values of group B were lower than those of group A (p < 0.05). The FA and TV values of the cinguli in group A were not significantly correlated with GCS and CRS-R scores (p > 0.05); however, regarding the group B, the FA correlations with GCS (r = 0.457, p < 0.05) and CRS-R (r = 0.494, p < 0.05) and those of TV with GCS (r = 0.500, p < 0.05) and CRS-R (r = 0.491, p < 0.05) were moderately positive.
Conclusions
We found a significant relationship between injury of the cingulum and impaired consciousness in patients with HI-BI. Our results suggest that an injured cingulum could be an appropriate target for neurointervention or neurorehabilitation in patients with impaired consciousness following HI-BI.
Epidemiology of Pathological Online Games Use and Its Effect on Anxiety and Insomnia in Chinese Ethnic Minorities Adolescents
Authors: Wei Qiaoyue , Zhang Shengjie , Pan Yuli , Hu Hong , Chen Fenglan , Yin Wenwen , Lin Qinghong , Pan Shuibo , Tham Chingyuan , Wu Junduan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The growing popularity and frequency of online games use has resulted in a large number of studies reporting various mental problems associated with its abuse in adolescents. In this article, we examined the prevalence of pathological online games use (POGU) and explored the associations of the POGU with anxiety and insomnia symptoms with minority youth in China.Methods: 1494 students completed a questionnaire of Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short-Form (POGQ-SF), Generalized Anxiety Condition iems (GAD-7), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between pathological online games and anxiety/insomnia. Results: 356 (23.83%) respondents reported they had pathological online games use. Chi-square analysis shows that gender, grade, marital status of parents and exercise situation were significantly associated with POGU. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that those who had POGU were at significantly higher risk for anxiety and insomnia, compared to those who without POGU.Conclusion: We found a high incidence of POGU and a positive association among anxiety, insomnia and POGU. Thus, special focus should be paid to those who have suffered POGU. And, it is worth addressing the adverse effects of POGU on anxiety and insomnia.
High-Throughput Muscle Fiber Typing From RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Oskolkov Nikolay , Santel Malgorzata , Ekström Ola , Camp Gray J. , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Ström Kristoffer , Parikh Hemang M. , Mir Bilal , Kryvokhyzha Dmytro , Lehtovirta Mikko , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kakigi Ryo , Naito Hisashi , Eriksson Karl-Fredrik , Nystedt Björn , Fuku Noriyuki , Treutlein Barbara , Pääbo Svante , Hansson Ola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle fiber type distribution has implications for human health, muscle function and performance. This knowledge has been gathered using labor-intensive and costly methodology that limited these studies. Here we present a method based on muscle tissue RNA sequencing data (totRNAseq) to estimate the distribution of skeletal muscle fiber types from frozen human samples, allowing for a larger number of individuals to be tested.METHODS: By using single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data as a reference, cluster expression signatures were produced by averaging gene expression of cluster gene markers and then applying these to totRNAseq data and inferring muscle fiber nuclei type via linear matrix decomposition. This estimate was then compared with fiber type distribution measured by ATPase staining or myosin heavy chain protein isoform distribution of 62 muscle samples in two independent cohorts (n = 39 and 22).RESULTS: The correlation between the sequencing-based method and the other two were rATPas = 0.65 [0.46 – 0.84], [95% CI] and rmyosin = 0.80 [0.71 – 0.89], with p = 7.96 x 10-6 and 8.06 x 10-6 respectively. The deconvolution inference of fiber type composition was accurate even for very low totRNAseq sequencing depths, i.e., down to an average of ~5.000 paired-end reads.CONCLUSIONS: This new method (https://github.com/OlaHanssonLab/PredictFiberType) consequently allows for measurement of fiber type distribution of a larger number of samples using totRNAseq in a cost and labor-efficient way. For the first time, it is now feasible to study the association between fiber type distribution and e.g. health outcomes in large well-powered studies.
PARTNER-MH, a Peer-Led Patient Navigation Intervention for Racial and Ethnic Minority Veterans in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Mental Health Services: A Mixed-Methods Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial Study Protocol
Authors: Eliacin Johanne , Burgess Diana J. , Rollins Angela L. , Patterson Scott , Damush Teresa , Bair Matthew J. , Salyers Michelle P. , Slaven James E. , O’Connor Caitlin E. , Walker Kiara , Akins John , Miller James , Matthias Marianne S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Mental healthcare disparities are persistent and have increased in recent years. Compared to their White counterparts, racial and ethnic minority groups have less access to mental healthcare. Minority groups also have lower engagement in mental health treatment and are more likely to experience ineffective patient-provider communication, which contribute to negative mental healthcare experiences and poor mental health outcomes. Interventions that embrace recovery-oriented practices to support patient engagement and empower patients to participate in their mental healthcare and treatment decisions may help to reduce mental healthcare disparities. Designed to achieve this goal, PARTNER-MH is a peer-led, patient navigation intervention that aims to engage minority patients in mental health treatment, support them to take a greater role in their care, and facilitate their participation in treatment shared decision-making. Methods: This pilot study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of PARTNER-MH in a VHA mental health setting using a mixed-methods, randomized controlled trial study design. PARTNER-MH is tested under real-world conditions, using certified VHA peer support specialists (peers), selected via usual VHA hiring practices and assigned to the mental health service. The peers provide PARTNER-MH and usual peer support services. The study compares the impact of PARTNER-MH versus a wait-list control group on patient activation, patient engagement, and shared decision-making, as well as other patient-level outcomes. PARTNER-MH also examines organizational factors that could impact its future implementation in VHA settings. Results: Participants (N=50) were veterans who were mostly male (62%), self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (70%), with a median age in the 45-54 group. Most had at least some college education, and 32% completed 4 or more years of college. Randomization produced comparable groups in terms of characteristics and outcome measures at baseline, except for gender. Discussion and Conclusion: Rather than simply documenting health disparities among vulnerable populations, PARTNER-MH offers opportunities to evaluate a tailored, culturally-sensitive system-based intervention to improve patient engagement and patient-provider communication in mental healthcare for racial and ethnic minorities. IRB Protocol #1708628270Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04515771. Registered 14 August 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04515771
Research and Application of Precision Fertilizer Application Algorithm Based on PSO Optimized Fuzzy PID Control
Authors: Fu Changxin , Lixin Zhang , Xiao Ma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In irrigation’s process and fertilizer application in production of agriculture, the accuracy of fertilizer application and water maintains at a relatively low level, which results in waste of soil slabbing and resources. In this research, a fuzzy PID algorithm based on PSO optimization is designed to control the fertilizer application process and irrigation of the fertilizer applicator. Firstly, a mathematical model of the fertilizer applicator is established according to the relevant modules and corresponding parameters. Based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, the PID controller, the fuzzy PID controller and the controller proposed in this article are constructed respectively, which can be applied to the established transfer functions. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the response time of the control algorithm proposed in this research is shortened to 30s, compared to fuzzy PID and PID, which is 62.5% and 50% shorter respectively, and the overshoot of the control algorithm in this article is nearly 0 of apart from the early oscillation. In order to verify the algorithm’s reliability in practical application, this research designs groups of different pressure for the accuracy control test, the test consequences illustrate that the fuzzy PID control based on PSO optimization has excellent control effect under each pressure. The control accuracy is concentrated at around 2%, while PID control maintains around 20% and fuzzy PID control distributed at 10%.The results show that the control algorithm proposed in this research enhances the irrigation accuracy in the practical application process.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma High Incidence And Poor Survival In Finnish Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Puhakka Inka , Kuitunen Hanne , Jäkälä Pekka , Sonkajärvi Eila , Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina , Rönkä Aino , Selander Tuomas , Korhonen Miika , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: We report here the first population-based incidence rates and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland. Methods: Finnish Cancer Registry data by histological diagnosis and tumor location (2007-2017) for cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Results: During 2007–2017, 392 new cases of PCNSL were reported (195 males, 197 females). The average age-adjusted incidence was 0.68/100.000 person-years. Incidence for males was 0.74/100.000 and for females 0.63/100.000, respectively. The incidence was highest, 2.93/100.000, among people aged 75–79 years. Concerning all cases in 2007-2017 the 2-year age-adjusted relative survival rate was 35% and the corresponding 5-year survival rate was 28%. Among patients under the age of 70, the age-adjusted 5-year relative survival rate increased from 36% in 2007-2012 to 43% for 2013-2017. Among patients aged 70+ the corresponding survival rates were poor, 7% and 9%.Conclusions: PCNSL incidence in Finland is among the highest reported in the world. The annual increase in incidence was 2.4%. The prognosis is still dismal, especially in elderly patients.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages of the M1/ M2 Phenotype are Involved in the Regulation of Malignant Biological Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells Through the EMT Pathway
Authors: Chen zhuo , Wu jing , Wang liang , Zhao hua , He jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. More and more studies have shown that the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is closely related to its poor prognosis and early metastasis. We try to explain how tumor-associate macrophages (TAMs）, an important component of the TME, function in the matrix of TNBC. Therefore, we induced THP-1 cells to become M1-TAMs and M2-TAMs, investigated their influence on breast cancer cells. 82 TNBC paraffin samples were made into tissue microarrays. The expression of macrophages makers were measured by immunohistochemistry. Scratch assay, Transwell assay, CCK-8 cell proliferation assay were performed in the co-culture system of breast cancer cells lines and macrophages to observe the invasion and proliferation ability of breast cancer cell lines. Western Blot (WB) was performed to detect the expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and N-cadherin (CDH2). M2-TAMs were more numerous than M1-TAMs in the matrix of TNBC cancer nests and associated with poor prognosis. M2-TAMs promoted the invasion, migration and proliferation of TNBC cells. M1-TAMs had inhibitory effects. In MCF-7 cells, WB showed a decrease in CDH1 and an increase in CDH2. In MDA-MB-231 cells and BT549 cells, CDH2 expression was reduced and CDH1 expression was increased. All of the above results were statistically significant, p < 0.001. M2-TAMs were more numerous in TNBC and associated with poor prognosis. M2-TAMs promoted the invasion, migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Differential Proteomic Analysis of the Spinal Cord in Bone Cancer Pain Rats by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Peng Minjing , Wu Yanqiong , Su Shanchun , Wan Shengjun , Zhou Lingyu , Jia Yifu , Li Xiaohui , Xu Xueqin , Gao Yan , Ke Changbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common chronic pain that is caused by a primary or metastatic bone tumor. It is refractory to currently available clinical treatment owing to its complicated underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, we used proteomics approaches to investigate expressional changes of the rat spinal cord proteome from 7 to 21 d after inoculation. Proteins from the rat L4-6 spinal cord homogenates of BCP and Sham animals were fractionated by two-dimensional (2-DE) gel electrophoresis to produce a high-resolution map of the spinal cord soluble proteins. Proteins showing altered expression levels between BCP and Sham were selected. Results: A total of 60 spots were obtained, and isolated proteins were in-gel trypsin-digested and the resulting peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Using the mass spectrometric data, 34 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. GO analysis of the identified proteins allowed us to explore the function of the represented proteins. Conclusions: Based on these results, the identified proteins may contribute to the maintenance of BCP, and may provided new or valuable information in the discovery of new therapeutic targets for BCP.
Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via environmental ethanol in fermenting yeast
Authors: Xiao Tianxia , Khan Artem , Shen Yihui , Chen Li , Rabinowitz Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ethanol and lactate are typical waste products of glucose fermentation. In mammals, glucose is catabolized by glycolysis into circulating lactate, which is broadly used throughout the body as a carbohydrate fuel. Individual cells can both uptake and excrete lactate, uncoupling glycolysis from glucose oxidation. Here we show that similar uncoupling occurs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Even in fermenting yeast that are net releasing ethanol, media 13C-ethanol rapid enters and is oxidized to acetaldehyde and acetyl-CoA. This is evident in exogenous ethanol being a major source of both cytosolic and mitochondrial acetyl units. 2H-tracing reveals that ethanol is also a major source of both NADH and NADPH, and this role is augmented under oxidative stress conditions. Thus, uncoupling of glycolysis from the oxidation of glucose-derived carbon via rapid reversible reactions is an ancient and conserved feature of eukaryotic metabolism.