bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between lipoprotein (a) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction development
Authors: Wu Baoquan , Zhang Zhiling , Long Juan , Zhao Hanjun , Zeng Fanfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) development.MethodsThis was a retrospective study, and participants were enrolled from the outpatient clinic. All data were extracted from the electronic health record of the outpatient clinic system. The follow‐up was performed through reviewing the clinical notes at the outpatient clinic system, and study outcome of the current study was the first diagnosis of HFrEF. Participants were divided into low Lp(a) (<30 mg/dl, n = 336) and high Lp(a) (≥30 mg/dl, n = 584) groups.ResultsIndividuals in the high Lp(a) group were more likely to be men and have diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia. Increased Lp(a) at baseline was positively associated with serum N‐terminal pro‐B natriuretic peptide level while negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at follow‐up. After adjusting for covariates, per 10 mg/dl increase in baseline Lp(a) remained significantly associated with HFrEF, with odds ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence interval of 1.05, 1.46). The magnitude of association between baseline Lp(a) level and HFrEF was greater in men and in individuals with DM or coronary heart disease (CHD), while it was weaker in individuals treated with beta‐blocker at baseline.ConclusionIncreased Lp(a) at baseline was associated with HFrEF development. The adverse effects of Lp(a) were greater on men and individuals with DM or CHD, which were mitigated by beta‐blocker therapy. These findings together underscore the possibility and usefulness of Lp(a) as a new risk factor to predict HFrEF.
Are compacted tramlines underestimated features in soil erosion modeling? A catchment‐scale analysis using a process‐based soil erosion model
Authors: Saggau Philipp , Kuhwald Michael , Hamer Wolfgang Berengar , Duttmann Rainer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProcess‐based model ling has long been used as a well‐suited tool to simulate soil erosion. Despite a large number of scientific articles that emphasize the role of compacted tramlines for soil erosion and surficial nutrient transport, no study exists that integrates these artificial structures into process‐based modelling at catchment scales. Thus, this study aims to quantify the effects of tramline compaction on soil erosion dynamics within a catchment. For this reason, high‐resolution spatial data (1 × 1 m) have been incorporated into the model EROSION 3D, which was used, calibrated, and tested for a soil erosion event with measured discharge and soil loss data. To quantify the contribution of tramlines to soil erosion, two different model parameterizations have been used: the tramline parameterization (TLP) and the common model parameterization (CP) that disregards the tramlines. The results reveal that: (i) the parameterization of tramlines improved model outcomes; (ii) tramlines significantly contribute to overall soil loss and sediment entrance into the channel network; (iii) the bulk density of tramlines is the most important driver of increases in soil erosion and runoff. Moreover, our investigation suggests that the impact of compacted tramlines have long been underestimated in soil erosion modelling and can assist in the assessment of surficial flow path connectivity. Thus, the integration of tramlines into soil erosion modeling is important for the implementation of adequate soil conservation and water protection measures.
Lumineszenzmessungen ‐‐Standards und die Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse
Authors: Pauli Jutta , Güttler Arne , Richter Maria , Würth Christian , Resch‐Genger Ute 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUm Fluoreszenzspektren oder ‐bilder aus verschiedenen Geräten zu vergleichen, sind gerätespezifische Einflüsse zu korrigieren. Werkzeuge dafür sind Fluoreszenzstandards, die je nach Messtechnik als Lösungen oder als Feststoff in verschiedenen Formaten vorliegen können.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Was ein Einzelnes vermag ‐‐ Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Flecken Franziska , Hanf Schirin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDa Metalle wie Osmium rarer und somit teuer sind als Metalle wie Aluminium, versuchen Forscher, Katalysatoren mit geringen Metallanteilen zu entwickeln, die die gleiche katalytische Aktivität haben. Ein Ergebnis sind Einzelatomkatalysatoren.
The power prior with multiple historical controls for the linear regression model
Authors: Banbeta Akalu , Lesaffre Emmanuel , van Rosmalen Joost 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCombining historical control data with current control data may reduce the necessary study size of a clinical trial. However, this only applies when the historical control data are similar enough to the current control data. Several Bayesian approaches for incorporating historical data in a dynamic way have been proposed, such as the meta‐analytic‐predictive (MAP) prior and the modified power prior (MPP). Here we discuss the generalization of the MPP approach for multiple historical control groups for the linear regression model. This approach is useful when the controls differ more than in a random way, but become again (approximately) exchangeable conditional on covariates. The proposed approach builds on the approach previously developed for binary outcomes by some of the current authors. Two MPP approaches have been developed with multiple controls. The first approach assumes independent powers, while in the second approach the powers have a hierarchical structure. We conducted several simulation studies to investigate the frequentist characteristics of borrowing methods and analyze a real‐life data set. When there is between‐study variation in the slopes of the model or in the covariate distributions, the MPP approach achieves approximately nominal type I error rates and greater power than the MAP prior, provided that the covariates are included in the model. When the intercepts vary, the MPP yields a slightly inflated type I error rate, whereas the MAP does not. We conclude that our approach is a worthy competitor to the MAP approach for the linear regression case.
Unusual In‐Situ Preorganization and Postoxidation Steps Observed in Diels‐Alder Reactions of Styrylcyclohexene Dienes
Authors: Abaee M. Saeed , Mohammadi Mohadesseh , Mansoori Atiyeh , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Pirouz Maryam , Halvagar Mohammad R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnusual products were obtained from cycloadditions reactions of two series of styrylcyclohexene dienes with dienophiles maleic anhydride and N‐phenylmaleimide. Experimental studies revealed that various dienes 3 underwent an initial in‐situ dehydration/double bond rearrangement prior to cycloaddition with maleic anhydride to give products 5 in 78–88 % yields. Alternatively, the cycloadducts of the reactions of 4 with N‐phenylmaleimide were hydoxylated stereoselectively in the same pot to give products 7, along with the usual adducts 6 in 83–89 % yields. Further, the reactions of the diene 4 with the dienophile dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate were also studied, leading to the formation of the respective adducts 10 in 72–81 % yields. The stereochemistry of the new products was assigned based on their spectroscopic data and, in some cases, with X‐ray crystallography experiments.
Novel Routes for the Synthesis of a Thermoresponsive Polymer: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Lateef Shafia , Ganaie Nadeem Bashir , Peerzada Ghulam Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is a thermosensitive polymer which undergoes coil to globule transition in which chains collapse and aggregate when passing to and above lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This property of the polymer is due to its unique structure. The synthesis of thermosensitive polymer Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) by novel and eco‐friendly routes has been reported in this work. The synthetic routes adapted are microwave method and a nonlinear chemical oscillator. In both of these methods, chemistry of polymerisation takes place in a single pot involving less toxic end products. To evolve a comparative trend conventional method was also used as a standard. Based on this, the mechanism for the synthesis of thermosensitive polymer was also proposed. It is found that the above mentioned nonconventional methods of synthesis have advantages over the conventional method in terms of the time of reaction and yield. The polymers synthesized by different routes were then characterised by different techniques which confirmed their thermosensitive behaviour and other properties.
Studies on Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Efflux Pump Inhibiting, and ADMET Properties of Newly Synthesized 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives**
Authors: Zurnacı Merve , Şenturan Merve , Şener Nesrin , Gür Mahmut , Altınöz Eda , Şener İzzet , Altuner Ergin Murat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe novel compounds bearing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole moiety were obtained and their structures were identified using FT‐IR, NMR methods, elemental, and mass analysis. UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectra were obtained in six different polarity solvents. In addition, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and the efflux pump inhibiting activities of the new compounds on K. pneumoniae, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. coli, and C. albicans were investigated. Furthermore, druglikeness and ADMET properties of the compounds were determined. As a result, it was observed that some of the derivatives presented antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and C. albicans. But the MBC/MFC test showed that all the activities were bacteriostatic. In addition, these derivatives have the potential of using both inhibiting and activating biofilm formation depending on the concentration. 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives also presented good efflux pump inhibition in K. pneumoniae and E. coli. ADMET tests showed that 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives have the potential of being used as therapeutic compounds.
Silver‐Mediated Conversion of Alcohols to Carbonates with Dialkylazodicarboxylate
Authors: Raval Hiten B. , Bedekar Ashutosh V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConversion of alcohols to carbonate was observed under the mild conditions of Mitsunobu reaction in presence of silver salt. An investigation is undertaken to explore this unexpected observation, where the presence of DEAD (Diethylazodicarboxylate) and silver salt is essential, while Ph3P is not required. The formation of carbonate is stereospecific, follows with retention of configuration; iso‐propyl carbonate is formed when DIPAD (Diisopropylazodicarboxylate) is used. The method is extended for several examples of alcohols, while it doesn't works for phenols.
Stable Long Cycling of Small Molecular Organic Acid Electrode Materials Enabled by Nonflammable Eutectic Electrolyte
Authors: Liang Yihong , Wu Wanbao , Cao Jinwei , Guo Ruitian , Cao Miaomiao , Zhang Jichuan , Wang Mi , Yu Wen , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmall molecule organic acids as electrode materials possess the advantages of high theoretical capacity, low cost, and good processability. However, these electrode materials suffer from poor cycling stability due to the inevitable dissolution of organic molecules in the electrolytes. Here, a eutectic mixture of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and N‐methylamine is employed as a eutectic electrolyte in Li‐ion batteries with small molecule organic acids as electrodes. To enhance the cycling stability of the electrolyte, fluoroethylene carbonate is used as an additive. The electrolyte exhibits nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, and good electrochemical stability. Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory are performed to further investigate the solvation chemistry of the eutectic electrolyte. The well‐designed eutectic electrolyte inhibits the dissolution of terephthalic acid effectively and displays superior performance with a capacity retention of ≈84% after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1. It also enables stable cycling of more than 900 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g−1 at 60 °C. This study provides a strategy to enhance the cycling stability and safety of Li‐ion batteries with organic electrode materials.
How Two Emergent Bilingual Students from Refugee Families Make Inferences with More and Less Culturally Relevant Texts during Read‐Alouds
Authors: Cho Hyonsuk , Christ Tanya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explored how two emergent bilinguals (EBs) from refugee families made inferences with more and less culturally relevant texts. The study took place in a third‐grade pull‐out small group class in a Midwestern U.S. city. Data included video‐recordings and transcripts of all 12 read‐aloud discussion lessons of four books, interviews with the teacher and students, and children’s and teacher’s cultural relevance ratings for each book. The Construction‐Integration Model guided our coding, for which we identified focal students’ (a) inferences, (b) use of text information in the inference process, (c) use of background knowledge in the inference process, and (d) inference coherence or incoherence. Using constant comparative analysis, we found three themes. (1) While students generally made more coherent inferences when the text was more culturally relevant, how they used text information and their background knowledge intersected with particular dimensions of cultural relevance ratings, such as experiences. (2) Students still tried to use text information and background knowledge to construct situation models when the book was less culturally relevant, but it was sometimes more difficult to construct a coherent situation model with these books due to the mismatch between the text information and the students’ background knowledge. (3) Sometimes students constructed situation models that did not align with their teacher’s situation model, likely due to the culturally situated nature of background knowledge. Implications include that teachers should get to know students’ nuanced backgrounds, then choose texts that are culturally relevant (especially for experiences) to support EB’s inference construction‐integration process.
Comparison of random forest and multiple linear regression to model the mass balance of biosolids from a complex biosolids management area
Authors: Pluth Thaís Bremm , Brose Dominic A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of biosolids as a soil amendment provides an important alternative to disposal and can improve soil health; however, distribution for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) in the United States can be challenging due to decreasing cropland, increased precipitation, variable plant operations, and financial constraints. Although statistical modeling is commonly used in the water sector, machine learning is still an emerging tool and can provide insights to optimize operations. Random forest (RF), a machine learning model, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used in this study to model the mass balance of biosolids from a complex biosolids management area. The RF model outperformed (R2 = 0.89) the MLR model (R2 = 0.49) and showed that rainfall was a major factor impacting distribution. Storage for dried biosolids would help decouple drying operations from wet weather and increase distribution. This study demonstrated how machine learning can assist in decision‐making processes for long‐term planning at WRRFs.Practitioner Points

Random forest predicted the 7‐day average mass balance of biosolids from a complex biosolids management area.
Decoupling biosolids drying operations from wet weather was identified as the highest operational priority.
Machine learning outperformed multiple linear regression and can be an important tool for the water sector.
Riechstörungen evidenzbasiert diagnostizieren und behandeln. Der unterschätzte Sinn – neue Erkenntnisse belegen die Bedeutung und Leistungsfähigkeit des menschlichen Geruchssinns.
Authors: Müller Christian A. , Renner Bertold 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungZunehmende Evidenz belegt, dass der menschliche Geruchssinn eine große Bedeutung für die Gesundheit und Lebensqualität einnimmt sowie eine besondere Leistungsfähigkeit aufweist. Durch die häufig auftretende Riechstörung im Rahmen der Infektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 rückt das klinische Interesse in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Verlust des Geruchs- und Geschmackssinnes in den Vordergrund. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet wichtige Aspekte in der Diagnose und Therapie der chemischen Sinne.
Vegetation and hydrology stratification as proxies to estimate methane emission from tidal marshes
Authors: Derby R. Kyle , Needelman Brian A. , Roden Ana A. , Megonigal J. Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect measurement of methane emissions is cost-prohibitive for greenhouse gas offset projects, necessitating the development of alternative accounting methods such as proxies. Salinity is a useful proxy for tidal marsh CH4 emissions when comparing across a wide range of salinity regimes but does not adequately explain variation in brackish and freshwater regimes, where variation in emissions is large. We sought to improve upon the salinity proxy in a marsh complex on Deal Island Peninsula, Maryland, USA by comparing emissions from four strata differing in hydrology and plant community composition. Mean CH4 chamber-collected emissions measured as mg CH4 m−2 h−1 ranked as S. alterniflora (1.2 ± 0.3) ≫ High-elevation J. roemerianus (0.4 ± 0.06) > Low-elevation J. roemerianus (0.3 ± 0.07) = S. patens (0.1 ± 0.01). Sulfate depletion generally reflected the same pattern with significantly greater depletion in the S. alterniflora stratum (61 ± 4%) than in the S. patens stratum (1 ± 9%) with the J. roemerianus strata falling in between. We attribute the high CH4 emissions in the S. alterniflora stratum to sulfate depletion likely driven by limited connectivity to tidal waters. Low CH4 emissions in the S. patens stratum are attributed to lower water levels, higher levels of ferric iron, and shallow rooting depth. Moderate CH4 emissions from the J. roemerianus strata were likely due to plant traits that favor CH4 oxidation over CH4 production. Hydrology and plant community composition have significant potential as proxies to estimate CH4 emissions at the site scale.
What do cellular responses to acidity tell us about cancer?
Authors: Blaszczak Wiktoria , Swietach Pawel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe notion that invasive cancer is a product of somatic evolution is a well-established theory that can be modelled mathematically and demonstrated empirically from therapeutic responses. Somatic evolution is by no means deterministic, and ample opportunities exist to steer its trajectory towards cancer cell extinction. One such strategy is to alter the chemical microenvironment shared between host and cancer cells in a way that no longer favours the latter. Ever since the first description of the Warburg effect, acidosis has been recognised as a key chemical signature of the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings have suggested that responses to acidosis, arising through a process of selection and adaptation, give cancer cells a competitive advantage over the host. A surge of research efforts has attempted to understand the basis of this advantage and seek ways of exploiting it therapeutically. Here, we review key findings and place these in the context of a mathematical framework. Looking ahead, we highlight areas relating to cellular adaptation, selection, and heterogeneity that merit more research efforts in order to close in on the goal of exploiting tumour acidity in future therapies.
The Impact of the Magnitude of the Group of Bullies on Health-Related Quality of Life and Academic Performance Among Adolescents
Authors: Martín-Pérez Ángela de Lourdes , Gascón-Cánovas Juan José 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines the consequences that physical and verbal/social victimization by peers and the magnitude of the groups of bullies have on academic performance and the psychological and social domains of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). 1428 secondary school students in the south-east Spain completed the Spanish version of the “Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bullying” and “KIDSCREEN-52” questionnaires in order to analyse, respectively, peer victimization and the psychological and social domains of HRQoL. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and academic achievement was also collected. Findings emphasise the potential of peer victimization in all its forms as risk factors explaining poor HRQoL in psychological, social and emotional domains. The number of bullies was an imponent and significant risk factor that explains a worse HRQoL in the five socio-psychological dimensions studied (Odds Ratio 4.08, Odds Ratio 9.25, Odds Ratio 4.69, Odds Ratio 2.91, Odds Ratio 11.92). Nevertheless, peer victimization rarely seems to affect academic achievement. Results suggest that much of prevention and intervention are still needed to reduce peer victimization, focusing on large bullies’ groups and their harmful impact on adolescent’s HRQoL.
Impact of Opera on Mental Health Stigma: Pilot of Provider/Community Workshop
Authors: Skrine Jeffers Kia , Mango Joseph D. , Tang Lingqi , Saks Elyn R. , Wells Kenneth B. , Chung Bowen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Arts can influence mental health stigma, but little is known about impact of operas. We examined effects of a two-opera workshop on complicated grief and schizophrenia.

Methods
Pre-post audience surveys with post-workshop discussion. The primary outcome was a 4-item measure of willingness to engage with persons with grief or schizophrenia. Secondary outcomes were perceptions of art affecting stigma and stigma mediators. Of 47 participants, 33 had pre-post surveys for both operas.

Results
There was a significant pre-post opera increase in audience willingness to engage with persons with grief or schizophrenia (p < .001). Perceptions of impact on mediators such as empathy, were significantly greater for the opera on schizophrenia relative to grief (p < .001)..

Conclusion
The pre- to post increase in audience willingness to engage with affected persons (primary) with greater impact on secondary mediators for the schizophrenia opera and post-discussion suggest that operas may be a forum for addressing mental health stigma and promoting empathy.
On the Foundation of Space and Time by Quantum-Events
Authors: Schlatter Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe true nature of space and time has been a topic of natural philosophy, passed down since the presocratic era. In modern times reflection has particularly been inspired by the physical theories of Newton and Einstein and, more recently, by the quest for a theory of quantum gravity. In this paper we want to specify the idea that material systems and their spatio-temporal distances emerge from quantum-events. We will show a mechanism, by which quantum-events induce a metric field between material systems, which is governed by Einstein's equation including a cosmological constant.