bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An initial analysis of the UK Medical Cannabis Registry: Outcomes analysis of first 129 patients
Authors: Erridge Simon , Salazar Oliver , Kawka Michal , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Usmani Azfer , Sajad Mohammed , Beri Sushil , Hoare Jonathan , Khan Shaheen , Weatherall Mark W. , Platt Michael , Rucker James J. , Sodergren Mikael H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimCannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs) are prescribed with increased frequency, despite a paucity of high‐quality randomized controlled trials. The aim of this study is to analyze the early outcomes of the first series of patients prescribed CBMPs in the UK with respect to effects on health‐related quality of life and clinical safety.MethodsA prospective case series was performed using the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Primary outcomes were change in patient‐reported outcomes measures (EQ‐5D‐5L, General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) and Single‐Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS)) at 1 and 3 months from baseline. The secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. Statistical significance was defined by a P‐value <.050.ResultsThere were 129 patients included in the final analysis with a mean age of 46.23 (±14.51) years. The most common indication was chronic pain of undefined etiology (n = 48; 37.2%). The median initial cannabidiol and (−)‐trans‐Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol daily dose was 20.0 mg (Range: 0.0‐768.0 mg) and 3.9 mg (Range: 0.0‐660.0 mg), respectively. Statistically significant improvements in health‐related quality of life were demonstrated at 1 and 3 months in GAD‐7, SQS, EQ‐5D‐5L pain and discomfort subscale, EQ‐5D‐5L anxiety and depression subscale, EQ‐VAS and EQ‐5D‐5L index values(P < .050). There were 31 (24.03%) total reported adverse events.ConclusionThis study suggests that CBMP therapy may be associated with an improvement in health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes as self‐reported by patients. CBMPs are also demonstrated to be relatively safe in the short to medium‐term. These findings must be treated with caution given the limited scope of this initial analysis, with no placebo or an active comparator, with further research required.
The Diels‐Alder Approach towards Cannabinoid Derivatives and Formal Synthesis of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Authors: Hurrle Thomas , Gläser Franziska , Bröhmer Manuel C. , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBased on the Diels‐Alder reaction of vinylchromenes with electron‐poor dienophiles, we developed a strategy for the synthesis of tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives. Substituted vinyl chromenes could be converted with several dienophiles to successfully isolate several complex molecules. These molecules already contain the cannabinoid‐like base structure and further processing of one such derivative led to a precursor of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol. The most challenging step towards this precursor was an epoxidation step that was ultimately achieved via dimethyl dioxirane.
Mapping of the amniotic fluid proteome of fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract identifies plastin 3 as a protein involved in glomerular integrity
Authors: Fédou Camille , Camus Mylène , Lescat Ophélie , Feuillet Guylène , Mueller Ilka , Ross Bryony , Buléon Marie , Neau Eric , Alves Melinda , Goudounéche Dominique , Breuil Benjamin , Boizard Franck , Bardou Quentin , Casemayou Audrey , Tack Ivan , Dreux Sophie , Batut Julie , Blader Patrick , Burlet‐Schiltz Odile , Decramer Stéphane , Wirth Brunhilde , Klein Julie , Saulnier‐Blache Jean Sébastien , Buffin‐Meyer Bénédicte , Schanstra Joost P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) are the first cause of chronic kidney disease in childhood. Several genetic and environmental origins are associated with CAKUT, but most pathogenic pathways remain elusive. Considering the amniotic fluid (AF) composition as a proxy for fetal kidney development, we analyzed the AF proteome from non‐severe CAKUT (n = 19), severe CAKUT (n = 14), and healthy control (n = 22) fetuses using LC–MS/MS. We identified 471 significant proteins that discriminated the three AF groups with 81% precision. Among them, eight proteins independent of gestational age (CSPG4, LMAN2, ENDOD1, ANGPTL2, PRSS8, NGFR, ROBO4, PLS3) were associated with both the presence and the severity of CAKUT. Among those, five were part of a protein–protein interaction network involving proteins previously identified as being potentially associated with CAKUT. The actin‐bundling protein PLS3 (plastin 3) was the only protein displaying a gradually increased AF abundance from control, via non‐severe, to severe CAKUT. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that PLS3 was expressed in the human fetal as well as in both the fetal and the postnatal mouse kidney. In zebrafish embryos, depletion of PLS3 led to a general disruption of embryonic growth including reduced pronephros development. In postnatal Pls3‐knockout mice, kidneys were macroscopically normal, but the glomerular ultrastructure showed thickening of the basement membrane and fusion of podocyte foot processes. These structural changes were associated with albuminuria and decreased expression of podocyte markers including Wilms' tumor‐1 protein, nephrin, and podocalyxin. In conclusion, we provide the first map of the CAKUT AF proteome that will serve as a reference for future studies. Among the proteins strongly associated with CAKUT, PLS3 did surprisingly not specifically affect nephrogenesis but was found as a new contributor in the maintenance of normal kidney function, at least in part through the control of glomerular integrity. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering a stable complex of ERp44 with a designed peptide ligand for analyzing the mode of interaction of ERp44 with its clients
Authors: Hampe Lutz , Harris Paul W. R. , Rushton Ben , Radjainia Mazdak , Brimble Margaret A. , Mitra Alok K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractERp44, a chaperone of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family cycles between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cis‐Golgi compartments to act on a cohort of disparate proteins either to ensure their proper cellular localization or for the quality control of the correct assembly. This process involves intermolecular disulfide bond formation between the client protein and the conserved Cys29 in ERp44. We had identified a 9‐amino acid peptide derived from an ERp44 client, adiponectin, as the motif interacting with ERp44 via a highly conserved cysteine (Cys39 of adiponectin). However, in order to reveal detailed insight into the mode of interaction, the generation of sizeable amounts of corresponding thiol‐liganded ERp44 was unsuccessful under ambient conditions. Here we describe the production of a bromopeptide variant of this peptide ligand that led to large amounts of a pure, complex of peptide sufficient for structural studies in which Cys29 of Erp44 is covalently linked via a stable thioether bond. This method can be potentially used to rapidly probe putative, short, interacting peptide regions in other ERp44 clients to reveal their, hitherto unknown, mechanism of interaction with ERp44.
Trehalose supplementation enhanced the biocontrol efficiency of Sporidiobolus pararoseusY16 through increased oxidative stress tolerance and altered transcriptome
Authors: Dhanasekaran Solairaj , Yang Qiya , Godana Esa A , Liu Jizhan , Li Jun , Zhang Hongyin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the process of biological control, the antagonistic yeasts contend with various stresses that negatively influence yeasts' biocontrol efficiency. In the current study, we investigated the effect of trehalose supplementation on the biocontrol efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16.RESULTSS. pararoseus Y16, an antagonistic yeast cultured in trehalose supplemented medium, exhibited better biocontrol efficiency against Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus tubingensis in table grapes. Trehalose‐treated S. pararoseus Y16 cells showed good proliferation efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance than untreated cells. Increased β‐1,3‐glucanase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and low protein carbonylation were observed in trehalose‐amended S. pararoseus Y16 upon H2O2 exposure. The RNA sequencing results indicated that trehalose significantly altered the transcriptome of S. pararoseus Y16. The GO, KEGG, and COG annotations revealed that the differentially regulated genes corresponded to the various biological process of the yeast.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggested that trehalose use could enhance the biocontrol efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance of S. pararoseus Y16. Trehalose supplementation altered the transcriptome of S. pararoseus Y16, particularly the genes that correspond to amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein modification. Thereby the oxidative stress tolerance and biological control efficiency of S. pararoseus Y16 was enhanced by trehalose. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Explaining cross‐national differences in leaving home
Authors: van den Berg Lonneke , Kalmijn Matthijs , Leopold Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are large cross‐national differences in the age of leaving home. The literature offers cultural, economic, and institutional explanations for these differences but has not examined all three explanations in one study. We examine these three explanations using data of the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2002 to 2016, supplemented with year‐specific macro‐level indicators from other data sources. We use a dynamic pseudo‐panel design, allowing us to track the home‐leaving behaviour of cohorts born between 1970 and 1999 in 22 European countries. Our findings show that the three sets of explanations are additive rather than competing, each explaining some of the cross‐national differences in leaving home. The cultural context forms the most important explanation for the cross‐national variation. In total, we explain 80% of cross‐national variation in leaving home. Important predictors are religiosity, individualistic family values, change in youth unemployment, GDP and the net replacement rate.
Exploring relationships between weather patterns and observed lightning activity for Britain and Ireland
Authors: Wilkinson Jonathan M. , Neal Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo understand the climatology of lightning affecting Britain and Ireland and to investigate the large‐scale environments which produce lightning in this region, relationships between mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) patterns and thunderstorm occurrence are investigated. Using daily data between 2010 and 2019, instances of lightning activity are examined against a set of 30 pre‐defined weather patterns based on MSLP. Metrics relating to thunder area, thunder intensity and duration are introduced and evaluated on the data set. The results show that in summer the largest and long‐lived lightning outbreaks can be linked to three weather patterns. Two of these have strong southerly flow affecting the domain of study. The third is a low‐pressure system centred over the UK with weak pressure gradient, which also produces larger lightning outbreaks during the autumn. In the wintertime, lightning outbreaks appear associated with deeper low‐pressure systems, higher pressure gradients and strong winds in four dominant weather patterns. In spring, lightning occurs mostly in smaller systems and can be of multiple weather patterns. It is hypothesised that the weather pattern number is a good predictor of atmospheric instability. Cases where lightning activity does not match the expected behaviour for a given weather pattern are thought to be due to anomalies or variation in atmospheric instability. Several applications of this work are also discussed, including looking at thunder days over the study domain in past and future climate scenarios.
Maximum hybrid exponentially weighted moving average control chart in the presence of measurement error by using auxiliary information
Authors: Javaid Amjad , Noor‐ul‐Amin Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHybrid control charts have become part of statistical process control (SPC) but still, need more emphasis. Researchers are developing charts for joint monitoring of process mean and variance shifts just like Max‐EWMA and their hybrid version using auxiliary information but are ignoring the effect of measurement error on the efficiency of charts. We propose maximum hybrid exponentially weighted moving average with measurement error using auxiliary information and name it Max‐HEWMAMEAI control chart. The efficiency of this chart is proved through calculations of average run lengths () and standard deviations of run lengths (SDRLs) using the Monte Carlo simulations method whereas, and are shown in tabular form. The effect of measurement error on the efficiency of the chart has been analyzed and the impact of multiple measurements to reduce the error effect has been studied using the covariate model. Real‐life application is also part of this article to support the simulation results.
Minimum atomic parameter basis sets for elements 1–54 in a Hartree–Fock setting
Authors: Reinhardt Peter , Popov Ilya , Tchougréeff Andrei L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBasis sets featuring single‐exponent radial functions for each of the nℓ subshells and orthogonality of the radial parts for different values of n within the same ℓ have been generated for elements 1–54 of the periodic table, by minimizing the total energy for different spectroscopic states. The derived basis sets can be fairly dubbed as MAP (minimal atomic parameter/Moscow–Aachen–Paris) basis sets. We show that fundamental properties (total energy, radial expectation values, node positions, etc.) of the generated MAP orbital sets are astonishingly close to those obtained with much larger basis sets known in the literature, without numerical inconsistencies. The obtained exponents follow simple relations with respect to the nuclear charge Z.
The relationship between blood groups and risk of infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 or development of severe outcomes: A review
Authors: Shokri Pourya , Golmohammadi Saeid , Noori Maryam , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Safiri Saeid 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is considered a global catastrophe that has overwhelmed health care systems. Since initiation of the pandemic, identification of characteristics that might influence risk of infection and poor disease outcomes have been of paramount interest. Blood group phenotypes are genetically inherited characteristics whose association with certain infectious diseases have long been debated. The aim of this review is to identify whether a certain type of blood group may influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and developing severe outcomes. Our review shows that blood group O protects individuals against SARS‐CoV‐2, whereas blood group A predisposes them to being infected. Although the association between blood groups and outcomes of COVID‐19 is not consistent, it is speculated that non‐O blood group carriers with COVID‐19 are at higher risk of developing severe outcomes in comparison to O blood group. The interaction between blood groups and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is hypothesized to be as result of natural antibodies against blood group antigens that may act as a part of innate immune response to neutralize viral particles. Alternatively, blood group antigens could serve as additional receptors for the virus and individuals who are capable of expressing these antigens on epithelial cells, which are known as secretors, would then have a high propensity to be affected by SARS‐CoV‐2.
Dual Surface Architectonics for Directed Self‐Assembly of Ultrahigh‐Resolution Electronics
Authors: Li Lingying , Li Wanli , Sun Qingqing , Liu Xuying , Jiu Jinting , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Kanehara Masayuki , Nakayama Tomonobu , Minari Takeo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe directed self‐assembly of electronic circuits using functional metallic inks has attracted intensive attention because of its high compatibility with extensive applications ranging from soft printed circuits to wearable devices. However, the typical resolution of conventional self‐assembly technologies is not sufficient for practical applications in the rapidly evolving additively manufactured electronics (AMEs) market. Herein, an ultrahigh‐resolution self‐assembly strategy is reported based on a dual‐surface‐architectonics (DSA) process. Inspired by the Tokay gecko, the approach is to endow submicrometer‐scale surface regions with strong adhesion force toward metallic inks via a series of photoirradiation and chemical polarization treatments. The prepared DSA surface enables the directed self‐assembly of electronic circuits with unprecedented 600 nm resolution, suppresses the coffee‐ring effect, and results in a reliable conductivity of 14.1 ± 0.6 µΩ cm. Furthermore, the DSA process enables the layer‐by‐layer fabrication of fully printed organic thin‐film transistors with a short channel length of 1 µm, which results in a large on–off ratio of 106 and a high field‐effect mobility of 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Comparison of two protocols for insulin administration and fasting time in diabetic dogs anaesthetised for phacoemulsification: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Norgate Daisy J. , Nicholls Daniel , Geddes Rebecca F. , Dawson Charlotte , Adami Chiara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground: There is a lack of evidence‐based guidelines on perioperative insulin administration and fasting time in diabetic dogs. The aim of this study was to compare two protocols with respect to intraoperative changes in blood glucose (BG) concentrations compared to preoperative values.Methods: Thirty‐two dogs were included. Dogs of group AM (n = 15) underwent anaesthesia in the morning after 12 hours fasting and received half their usual insulin dose, while dogs of group PM (n = 17) had surgery in the afternoon after 6 hours fasting and received their usual insulin dose; BG was measured before premedication (baseline), after anaesthetic induction, every 30 minutes throughout surgery, at extubation and after anaesthetic recovery. The occurrence of intraoperative complications was recorded.Results: There were no differences between groups in perioperative changes in BG over time, and in the proportion of dogs experiencing complications. Common complications were hypotension (53 per cent of dogs in either groups), hyperglycaemia (67 and 65 per cent in groups AM and PM) and hyperkalaemia (20 and 11 per cent in groups AM and PM).Conclusions: Either protocols may be used in diabetic dogs undergoing anaesthesia. The occurrence of hyperkalaemia in the study population supports routine intraoperative monitoring of blood potassium concentration.
A black‐box automated approach to calibrate numerical simulations and optimize cover design: Application to a flow control layer constructed on an experimental waste rock pile
Authors: Crouzal Tom , Pabst Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMining operations often produce large volumes of waste rock to access economically valuable mineralized zones. Waste rock is usually stored in surface piles, the construction and reclamation of which represent a challenge for the industry. A flow control layer (FCL) made of crushed waste rock or sand and constructed on top of each waste rock bench could contribute to control water infiltration, thus improving waste rock pile stability and limiting contamination. An experimental waste rock pile was built and instrumented at the Tio mine (Rio Tinto Fer et Titane, Canada) to evaluate the performance of an FCL in field conditions. Large infiltration tests and rainfall monitoring were carried out, and measured outflow and water contents were used to calibrate numerical simulations. However, data were noisy and sometimes incomplete, and the models were difficult to calibrate. A new automated calibration approach was therefore proposed. An algorithm was developed to automate the numerical simulation calibration, using a black‐box method that involves solving an optimization problem on a function without an analytic form. The approach was applied on measurements obtained from large‐scale infiltration tests and validated using 2 yr of field monitoring data. Finally, the automated approach was adapted to optimize the design of the FCL, and an optimal design (material properties and layer thickness) was recommended based on local climate conditions. The proposed automated method could contribute to reduce the bias induced by manual calibration and allows for rapid multivariable calibration and optimization for a broad spectrum of mine waste cover system applications.
Toward a cost–benefit analysis of quality programs in digital forensic laboratories in the United States
Authors: Hughes Nicolas , Ziemak Erika , Martinez Carisa , Stout Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are few quantitative metrics to help evaluate the adoption of quality measures from a laboratory funder's standpoint. This article synthesizes existing data to create a simple prototype for a model to anticipate the costs or savings associated with implementing a quality program, including accreditation, in a digital forensic laboratory. Digital forensic laboratories were selected as an area of interest, as the field is largely unregulated in the United States, there are disparities in the qualifications of practitioners, and there is no empirical understanding of how frequently error occurs in the discipline. The model is used to determine under what conditions there may be anticipated overall financial savings, assuming an annual case throughput of ncases and a lowered frequency of miscarriages of justice, associated with properly implementing an accredited quality system, given by F. While this model does not account for the human cost associated with miscarriages of justice, it demonstrates that the cost of a robust quality system may prove cheaper than the risk and cost associated with the negative outcomes stemming from miscarriages of justice. Under the parameters used for testing, only under two realistic conditions will the implementation of a quality system never realize a benefit: when the cost of a wrongful conviction is relatively small and when forensic error leads to wrongful conviction on the order of 1 in 100,000 cases or less. In all other scenarios, it is possible that, under realistic conditions, laboratory funders may realize savings by implementing an accredited quality program.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Digital and Multimedia Science > Forensic Visualization
E
9 exceptional field theory. Part II. The complete dynamics
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Ciceri Franz , Inverso Gianluca , Kleinschmidt Axel , Samtleben Henning 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We construct the first complete exceptional field theory that is based on an infinite-dimensional symmetry group. E9 exceptional field theory provides a unified description of eleven-dimensional and type IIB supergravity covariant under the affine Kac-Moody symmetry of two-dimensional maximal supergravity. We present two equivalent formulations of the dynamics, which both rely on a pseudo-Lagrangian supplemented by a twisted self-duality equation. One formulation involves a minimal set of fields and gauge symmetries, which uniquely determine the entire dynamics. The other formulation extends $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_9 $$

e
9

by half of the Virasoro algebra and makes direct contact with the integrable structure of two-dimensional supergravity. Our results apply directly to other affine Kac-Moody groups, such as the Geroch group of general relativity.