bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Microclimate in Individual Parts of Public Premises
Authors: Rymarov A , Titkov D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human activity is of a collective and individual nature, since people often spend their working and free time in groups. Modern standards in the Russian Federation determine the parameters of the microclimate depersonalized and on average, the accepted parameters are suitable for 75 % of people, and 25 % would like to have a warmer or cooler ambient air temperature around them, which is associated with the peculiarities of each person’s metabolism. The creation of collective and individual engineering systems in the collective space of the building to the needs of a specific person will create a temperature at the workplace or in places of recreation of the person that will improve the quality of life and productivity, will reduce the incidence. The collective and individual nature of the engineering systems that form the microclimate in the premises will allow you to spend energy resources more economically. The parameters of human metabolism change over time during the working day, day, season and throughout life, which requires constant and periodic adjustment of the temperature regime in an individual space in a collective room.
Fine-grained Concrete with Complex Modifiers for Construction in Extreme Climatic Conditions
Authors: Burenina O N , Andreeva A V , Savvinova M E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been established that nanomodification and the use of complex modifiers of concrete mixtures lead to a decrease in the content of loosely bound moisture at an early age and indicate an acceleration of hydration processes in the initial period of hardening. The ascertained fact correlates to data on the dynamics of sample hardening and the results of structural surveys. Optimal formulations of modified fine-grained concrete with high strength properties, which are recommended for the production of building products and structures that operate in extreme climatic conditions, have been developed.
Probable Ways of Hardening in the Metal Structure Obtained by Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Alekseev V I , Barahtin B K , Zhukov A S , Panova G A , Petrova S G , Shirokina E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here is considered local melting events realizable under nonequlibrium thermodynamic conditions and phase-structural transformations of materials produced by additive technology using steel powders of different chemical composition. The mechanism of formation of nano- and micro-particlesis, which are crystallization nucleus and hardening units is illustrated here. The formation of such particles occurs due to condensation mechanism in the sequence: steam – cluster – quasinanoparticle. The quality of obtained material is defined by the degree and quality of this process.
Development of Protective Gas Pipes Sleeves for Operation in Permafrost Soils
Authors: Ksenofontov P V , Popov S N , Fedorov Yu Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out and causes of emergencies with gas pipes in protective sleeves used in construction of gas pipelines were identified. Protective sleeve design has been developed that excludes deformation or destruction of gas pipeline during groundwater freezing in the annulus. Model tests of polyethylene gas pipeline in steel casing, using polyethylene foam as an element that compensates expansion of water during freezing, showed complete exclusion of deformation of gas pipes during freezing. Test results of developed designs of protective casings showed the possibility of widespread use to improve reliability and safety of gas supply.
Investigation of the Properties of Thin-Film Baroresistors based on Sm1-xGdxS Solid Solutions
Authors: Soloviev S M , Stepanov N N , Kamenskaya G A , Khavrov G D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of Gd concentration on the physical properties of thin polycrystalline films of Sm1-xGdxS solid solutions obtained by explosive evaporation in vacuum of powders of the starting compounds and deposition of the latter from the gas phase on glass substrates was studied. Analysis of dependences of temperature α and baric β resistance coefficients on the Gd concentration in SmS-GdS system, as well as their ratio γ, was used as a basis to determine optimal compositions for manufacturing thin-film strain gauges and baroresistors.
Systematic Monitoring of the Deformed State of Long-Span Operated Structures with an Assessment of Their Reliability
Authors: Perunov A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article shows the procedure for conducting systematic monitoring of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures covering one of the operated public railway stations. The historical data of the building construction and its design features are described. The description of large-span structures of the building, their defects and damages acquired in the course of operation is given. The article describes the procedure and methods used for a long-term, more than 2 years, continuous monitoring of the deformed state of the coating structures that are in operation. The most damaged structures, which are installed on a measuring apparatus. The features of measurements in different time periods are described. Based on the results of the obtained measurements of the stress-strain state of the building coating structures, the possibility of their further operation is predicted, taking into account the defects and damages found during the survey.
Application of Climatic Characteristics Statistical Assessments and GIS Technologies for Solar Energy Systems Development
Authors: Nefedova L V , Rafikova Yu Yu , Soloviev D A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problems of optimising the placement of photovoltaic panels to ensure the most stable power generation are considered. Method for assessing the risks of solar power plants operation instability in the based on taking into account the climatic characteristics of the variability of the insolation and snow cover using GIS technologies is presented. This approach is especially important for Russia, a country with a wide variety of natural and climatic conditions. To test this technique, we calculated the intra-annual and year-to year variation of the statistical characteristics of the total insolation incident for regions of Russia. The use of GIS technologies made it possible to assess the distribution of the features of the variability of solar radiation over the area. This paper presents the results of calculations and constructed maps for the Republic of Altai, the region of Russia with heterogeneous insolation conditions, where solar energy has been actively developing recent years. In these territories, zones with the lowest indicators of variability in the input of solar radiation have been identified where a high level of stability of electricity generation on photovoltaic power plants can be predicted.
Redevelopment of Ex-industrial Areas in Yekaterinburg
Authors: Daineko L , Karavaeva N , Yurasova I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Improving the comfort of the urban environment is a key goal of its development. Redevelopment can be used as a way to achieve it. The authors studied the historical perspective of the creation of the Ural cities, as well as the experience of implementing redevelopment projects of industrial areas in the city of Yekaterinburg. It was proven that the largest share of such projects was implemented through the complete demolition of Soviet-era buildings that had no architectural and historical value. The authors used general scientific research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, as well as methods of induction and deduction.
Innovative Device Technology of Green Roof Systems
Authors: Korol E , Shushunova N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article analyses both traditional green roof structures and innovative modular green roof systems in the environmental development of green buildings. The purpose of the work is to analyse the technological processes associated with the installation of various types of landscaping systems on the roof, which minimize the complexity of the processes due to the manufacturability of the roofing device. In order to reduce the overall laboriousness when installing rooftop with green spaces it is possible to apply new technological solutions, including the option of installing green roofs by modules. Based on the study, technological indicators were determined for various types of roofing greening systems: simple green roof installation (option 1), modular green roof installation (option 2).
Analysis of Quality Control Methods and Equipment for Monolithic Reinforced-Concrete Structures
Authors: Topchiy D , Bolotova A , Grebennikov A , Danilochkin M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the study of methods and equipment for nondestructive testing of concrete strength and describes the characteristics of ultrasonic devices used for control and determination of concrete mix integrity. Quality control for monolithic reinforced-concrete structures covers a range of issues associated with testing the material strength of structures and determining, if necessary, armoring parameters of reinforced-concrete structures, testing concrete cubes, as well as analyzing design and as-built documentation, drawing up control section diagrams, etc. The article contains a description of quality control equipment and methods for concrete and reinforced-concrete structures and an analysis of the main quality control methods and means. Generalization and systematization of available data lead to a conclusion on the need for development of technical solutions that would prevent potential defects at the initial stage of construction and installations works.
Analysis of Creep of Wood-Polymer Composites
Authors: Elesin M A , Mashkin N A , Khritankov V F , Karmanovskaya N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the results of studying the creep of wood-polymer composites under load. The results of long-term testing wood composites based on thermoplastic and thermoset polymers are given. It has been established that empirical dependencies in the form of elementary functions are suitable to describe the composite deformation. The parameters of these functions are experimentally determined.
Deformation and Fracture Mode of 10kp5 Steel Pretreated by Cyclic Loading and Pulse Current at Tension
Authors: Ivanov A M , Aleksandrova E S , Vashchenko S S , Zhirokhov I D , Platonov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of preliminary cyclic loading and the pulse current on the deformation and fracture mode of the 10kp5 low-carbon steel under uniaxial tension at room temperature is investigated. Data on the steel mechanical properties in the initial state and after preliminary combined cyclic loading and exposure to pulse current in different sequences are presented. Fractographic studies of the samples’ fractures showed the viscous nature of the samples’ fractures in all cases considered.
Properties and Structure of the Friction surface of PTFE / Layered Silicate Composites
Authors: Sleptsova S A , Laukkanen S , Tarasova P N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The wear of PTFE filled with layered silicates (LS) was investigated depending on the concentration and chemical nature of the fillers. The influence of these factors on the tribotechnical characteristics and the structure of the surface layers of composites is shown. Using SEM methods, it has been established that the introduction of LS contributes to the formation of a protective layer on the friction surface consisting of worn PTFE particles and a filler. The thickness of the layer does not depend on the concentration of LS, and the structure of the layer varies depending on the chemical composition of the fillers. It is shown that the formation of a protective layer occurs by means of worn particles clustering, uniformly covering the friction surface layer by layer.
Noise Sources of Combined Heat and Power Plants and Methods for Noise Estimation in Adjacent Urban Areas
Authors: Gusev V , Ledenev V , Antonov A , Matveeva I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Combined heat and power plants (CHP) are permanently operating enterprises for the production of electrical and thermal energy. They are located, as a rule, in cities and in large settlements, create significant noise pollution for the buildings adjacent to them. Protection from the noise of the territories adjacent to the heat and power plants, especially residential buildings, is a topical scientific and practical problem. Based on the results of field measurements, the article identifies and shows the main external sources of noise that determine the noise impact of the heat and power plants on the environment of the metropolis. Such sources include large-sized ground and above-ground equipment: air intake of blower fans and chimneys, transformers, gas distribution unites, gas pipelines, cooling towers. Reliable basic data on their acoustic power and the required amount of noise reduction have a special role for the development of optimal protection from the point of view of acoustics and economics from the noise of such sources. They can only be determined by calculation for a number of equipment sources of combined heat and power plants. The article presents new, computational methods that allow you to determine the desired data and, accordingly, to qualitatively design the necessary acoustic building noise reduction tools based on the methods of shielding, sound insulation and sound absorption.
Composites as a Modern Trend
Authors: Dorofeev E P , Dorofeeva N N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The construction industry is progressing every day, unexplored spaces are expanding, various objects are being built. Composite materials have become a mandatory part of this area. Designing large-scale projects can no longer do without composite. Stable, simple, and also reliable, it has significant advantages in comparison with real materials, which are difficult to change their configuration. Composite materials are used not only in the construction of apartment buildings. It is difficult to imagine a bridge or a dam that does not use a carbon plate. A variety of building components, such as arches or domes, are often formed using composite materials. We believe that this is profitable from the point of view of the industry, as it makes it possible to significantly save our money in the construction of structures, installation, storage and transportation of the composite. Based on these data, we analyzed various types of composite materials, and also revealed their characteristic features in table 1.
Renovation of Built-up Areas: Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Arkhangelskaya E , Chuprova N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article considers the application of the LCC methods as the best assessment criterion for reconstruction prospects and the justification of the further city-planning strategy in terms of the development of built-up areas. The authors carried out the LCC-assessment of two reconstruction options. 1) the reconstruction of residential buildings erected in the 1970-80-es involving major repairs to prolong their life cycle; 2) the demolition of all buildings and constructing new ones instead. This article presents the inspection results for series 1-464 VM large-panel residential buildings that formed the basis for the calculation of major repairs necessary to prolong their life cycle. These buildings, however, do not comply with the current regulations. The authors conclude that LLC methods can help illustrate the consumer benefits from owning more expensive but power-efficient housing that reduces the heating costs, which is very important in the northern regions.
Influence of Operational Factors on the Object of Concrete Strength Control of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Kolleganov A V , Kolleganov N A , Levshekov S S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When determining the strength of concrete in reinforced concrete structures by non-destructive methods, factors such as temperature, humidity and the stress-strain state of the structure can have a significant impact on the accuracy of the devices. The impact of these factors, which increases with increasing humidity, begins with the surface areas of concrete structures. Up to 75% of building structures are exposed to the destructive effects of atmospheric and industrial environments, of which concrete and reinforced concrete structures account for about 500 million m2 The article considers the degree of influence of these factors on the accuracy of non-destructive testing devices when using various methods for determining the strength of concrete.
Gas Evolutions from Paints and Varnishes When Fungus Molds and their Metabolites Act on Them
Authors: Smirnov V , Svetlov D , Bulgakov A , Vildiaeva M , Svetlov D D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article are presented the results of a study of the biodegradation of paints and varnishes. For testing were used enamels based on phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins. Samples from the studied materials were tested under the influence of micellar fungi of the species aspergillus niger, penicillium chrusogenum, trichoderma viride, as well as in the products of their metabolism: a mixture of oxalic, succinic, citric, malic, fumaric, α-ketaglutaric and oxalacetic acid and enzyme of peroxidase. The experimental and control samples were kept in a thermostat at a temperature of 29 ± 2.0 ° C and relative humidity of 98%. The qualitative composition of gas evolution was determined by chromatographic identification methods using chemical methods. The dynamics of gas evolution from paints based on enamels during their biodegradation by micromycetes and their metabolites has been experimentally determined. After only one month of exposure to aggressive media, the composition of gas evolution was changed significantly compared to gas evolution from control samples. By the third month of exposure, the total concentration of gas evolution was increased by 3.8 and 6 times compared with gas evolution from control samples. When the samples were kept in the products of fungal metabolism, a difference in the composition of gas evolution was revealed when microscopic fungi were being acting on these materials.
Investigation of the Morphology and Atomic Structure of Nanopowder Particles Obtained by Grinding Natural Diamond and by the Method of Detonation Synthesis
Authors: Sharin P P , Sivtseva A V , Popov V I , Kopyrin M M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By a complex of high-resolution methods, it has been shown that the nanopowder particles obtained by grinding natural diamonds have a wide range of sizes and are predominantly lamellar in contrast to the detonation synthesis nanopowder, which consists mainly of similar in size and isometric particles. The primary particles of the nanopowder obtained by grinding, as well as detonation synthesis nanodiamonds, consist of diamond cores with cubic crystal lattices surrounded by shells with complex structures formed from carbon atoms in the sp2 state and impurities. A noticeable increase in the interatomic distances in nanodispersed diamond crystals is observed compared to those for bulk diamond crystals.
Development of a Scheme for Mixing Butane with Air for Gas Supply to Consumers
Authors: Osipova N N , Kultiaev S G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the promising development areas of gas supply systems is supplying butane-based air-and-gas mixtures to consumers. Butane-and-air mixture is fully adaptable to natural gas, tak-ing into account the requirements for the interchangeability of combustible gases. However, we need to solve the problems of determining the mixture composition and developing a scheme for mixing butane with air taking into account the physical and chemical properties of butane that govern its operating at low inlet pressures providing a constant supply of source gas for mixing from an underground tank regardless of the climatic features in the region. De-veloping well-founded recommendations to obtain a mixture of butane with air will ensure the widespread introduction of such systems into the gas supply practice and enhance the uninter-rupted operation of gas supply systems when using alternative combustible gases. On the basis of our research, we suggested a scheme for producing a mixture of butane with air using a dosing valve to ensure a constant supply of butane from an underground tank with alternating extraction of vapor and liquid gas phases and feeding the gas phase for mixing at the recommended pressure. We recommended a composition of butane-and-air mixture that meets the requirements of gas interchangeability and the maximum speed of flame propaga-tion in gas burners during combustion.
Applying the scheme for producing a butane-and-air mixture of the recommended composition will allow to expand the possibility of gas supply to consumers when using alternative fuels, to relieve peak loads when supplying natural gas, and to ensure redundancy of gas supply systems for strategically important utility facilities.
Management of the Process of Modernization of Communal Infrastructure
Authors: Balashov E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The issues of the transition of housing and communal services to an innovative development model are among those actively studied by the scientific community and widely discussed in the Russian economic literature. Many works rightly note both significant advances in this direction and the remaining range of unsolved problems. Much less attention is paid to the study of the complexity of the tools used for the development of communal infrastructure in the life cycle of facilities. This article examines topical problems of the promising direction of development and functioning of communal infrastructure, tools for attracting investments, and increasing the effectiveness of PPM projects. It highlights aspects of the transition to the digital technology format. The necessity of an industry program for the development of smart systems and digital technologies and a set of cases are substantiated - standards of the normative configuration of the use and equipping with smart systems and digital technologies, depending on the state of facilities and modernization measures used to develop practical solutions synchronized with the design approaches for the modernization of communal infrastructure.