bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADVANCES IN ELBOW ARTHROSCOPY
Authors: Angelo Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Arthroscopy of the elbow is a very precise and demanding technique. Because of the proximity of neurovascular structures to the recommended portals, a thorough knowledge of regional and intraarticular anatomy is essential. The high degree of congruency of the articular surfaces and the relatively small capsular volume make sound arthroscopic skills a necessity. With proper precautions, the technique is safe and affords the opportunity to obtain valuable diagnostic information and to perform selected procedures without the morbidity of an arthrotomy.
OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE WITH AN ANTERIOR PLATE
Authors: Ebraheim Nahil A , DeTroye Robert J , Rupp Robert E , Taha Jamal , Brown Jeffrey , Jackson W Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Osteosynthesis with an anterior plate is indicated for stabilization of the cervical spine. It is used for reconstruction of the vertebral body following corpectomy and for cervical instability due to fractures, fracturedislocations, and post-laminectomy. In these situations, a well-keyed anterior graft or posterior fusion alone may be inadequate to attain stability. The authors retrospectively review 25 cases of osteosynthesis Of the cervical spine using the AO H-plate. All the patients were stable enough postoperatively to allow early mobilization with a cervicothoracic orthosis. Average follow up was 31.2 months. All the grafts fused; however, complications occurred in 36% of the cases. The majority of these complications did not affect the long-term clinical result. This method involves potential risks to the spinal cord, esophagus, carotid structures, and laryngeal nerve. It should therefore be used in carefully selected cases.
A MODEL OF CORTICAL WINDOW HEALING IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Fyda Thomas M , Callaghan John J , Fulghum Christian S , Seaber Anthony V , Myers Barry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A rabbit femur cortical window model was developed to study the time-dependent mechanical and radiographic changes with various treatments of surgically created windows. In the present experiment the timedependent differences in torsional whole bone strength between femora treated with window replacement and those treated without replacement were evaluated. The 3.175 mm diameter windows were surgically created with a power trephine at the lateral femoral isthmus unilaterally, with the contralateral femur serving as a paired control. In one group of animals the window was reconstructed by replacement of the excised cortical plug while in the other group the window was left unreplaced. Each group was divided into three subgroups sacrificed at 3, 6, and 9 weeks postoperatively. Lateral radiographs were obtained immediately prior to sacrifice. After sacrifice bilateral femora were harvested and loaded to failure on a torsional testing apparatus to obtain values for ultimate torque, maximum angle of deformation, and energy capacity expressed as percent of paired control. Replacement resulted in significantly greater whole bone strength (P<.041), and strength increased significantly with time (F<.006). Radiographic appearance correlated significantly with both treatment and time, but not strength. The model was sensitive to both treatment-dependent and time-dependent effects, demonstrating potential for evaluation of other cortical window treatments.
TRICON HYBRID TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A REVIEW OF 81 KNEES FOLLOWED FOR 2 TO 4 YEARS
Authors: Briggs J Richard , Augenstein Jan S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The authors discuss the results of 81 total knee arthroplasties in 65 patients performed between April 1987 and April 1989 using a Tricon hybrid system, consisting of the Tricon M bio-ingrowth femoral prosthesis and the Tricon C cemented tibial component. The Tricon metal-backed patella was used until February 29, 1988, when the all-plastic Tricon C patella was introduced. With an average follow up of 24 months (range: 12 to 48), 38 arthroplasties using this hybrid system were rated as excellent (47%) and 38 were rated as good (47%). The Hospital for Special Surgery scores, which averaged 53 preoperatively, averaged 80 at the most recent follow-up assessment. At the most recent follow-up assessment, 79% of osteoarthritis patients and 56% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have no pain at rest, while 19% of osteoarthritis patients and 44% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have mild pain at rest. Sixty-four percent of osteoarthritis patients and 33% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have no pain while walking, whereas 26% of osteoarthritis patients and 56% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have mild pain while walking. Postoperative complications included fragmentation of the patella in five patients, all occurring with the metal-backed patella. Five patients also experienced patellar subluxation (two metal-backed and three all-polyethylene). One patient had deep venous thrombosis which was treated successfully by re-hospitalization and heparin therapy; one patient with chronic heart disease expired 4 days postoperatively. Use of the Tricon hybrid system has resulted in 94% of all patients having a good or excellent result an average of 24 months postoperatively. Moreover, problems of patellar fracture and subluxation have not occurred since we began using the all-plastic patella.
CERVICAL SPINAL FRACTURES IN ALPINE SKIERS
Authors: Kip Phelps , Hunter Robert E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 5-year review of skiing injuries in the Aspen/Snowmass area revealed 18 cervical fractures. This represents a yearly average of 3.6 fractures (range: 2 to 5). There were 16 men and 2 women identified, with an average age of 40.8 years (range: 20 to 73). Using estimates of skier days and total injuries, cervical fractures represented approximately 0.1% of all skiing injuries. Six of 18 injuries (33%) were avulsion injuries of the spinous processes and were treated symptomatically with a soft collar. However, five patients had neurologic involvement secondary to fracture displacement, two with lasting quadriparesis. In addition, there was one death attributed to cervical fracture. Forty-four percent of the patients had associated injuries, most commonly facial and head (33%). The three oldest patients (average age: 67 years, range: 57 to 73) had three of the more serious injuries. Two of these patients were the quadriplegics, and a third required halo stabilization of bilateral C2 facet fractures. Typically, those patients who were involved in collisions with immovable objects (trees or fences) had more severe injuries and a greater chance of neurologic involvement.
The Effect of Partial Lateral Meniscectomy in Patients ≥60 Years
Authors: Barrett Gene R , Treacy Stephen H , Ruff Cynthia G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To determine the benefit, if any, of meniscectomy in an older population, all patients ≥60 years who underwent partial lateral meniscectomy were evaluated. Thirty-five patients (36 knees) were available for follow-up. The average patient age was 64.9 years. Patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of articular cartilage damage. Patients in group 1 had no damage worse than grade II and underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy only, while patients in Group 2 had grade III or IV damage and underwent arthroscopic debridement as well as partial meniscectomy. With an average follow-up of 36.8 months, the overall failure rate was 13.9%. Eighty-six percent of the patients reported the overall assessment of their knee as improved (94% and 80% in groups 1 and 2, respectively). While patients in group 2 tended to have less favorable results than patients in group 1, these results indicate that this procedure is warranted and that both groups benefited significantly from partial meniscectomy.
Video-Assisted Thoracic Diskectomy and Anterior Release: A Biomechanical Analysis of an Endoscopic Technique
Authors: Connolly P J , Ordway N R , Sacks Todd , Kolata R , Yuan H A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the residual biomechanical stability of the spine following multilevel anterior diskectomies and anterior longitudinal ligament release using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Eighteen domestic pigs were randomly divided into three groups of six pigs. Group 1 underwent thoracic anterior release from T4-T9 using a left-sided VATS approach, group 2 underwent thoracic anterior release from T4-T9 via a traditional left thoracotomy (open), and group 3 did not undergo surgery and served as a control. After surgery, the animals were euthanized, and the thoracic spinal columns were harvested for biomechanical testing. Nondestructive testing was performed on all specimens in pure compression, flexion, extension, right lateral bending, and torsion.
Specimens from group 1 had significantly lower stiffness values (P<.05) than the contro) group for all five test modes. These data demonstrate that adequate anterior release of the thoracic spine can be obtained with the VATS technique. Further prospective clinical studies on VATS are required before the widespread application of this technique.
Reduced Acetabular Depth in Hip Instability in the Newborn
Authors: Reikerås Olav , Hinderaker Thore , Steen Harald 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study assessed the frequency of ultrasonographic hip instability and compared the results with clinical and morphological ultrasonographic evaluations of the hip in the newborn infant. Hip stability in 2016 consecutive births (1 074 boys and 942 girls) was assessed clinically and ultrasonographically. Ultrasonography included dynamic stability testing and morphologic evaluations. Compared with ultrasonography, clinical stability testing had a specificity of 0.998 and a sensitivity of 0.667. The incidence of instability was 0.007 for hips and 0.01 0 for babies. Acetabular depth in 3994 normal hips was 8.3±0.9 mm, femoral head diameter was 15.4±1.3 mm, and acetabular bony coverage of the femoral head was 54±4.3%. Hip instability was significantly associated with a reduced acetabular depth. As the femoral head diameter was within normal in the unstable hips, coverage was significantly reduced.
Osteonecrosis in Protease Inhibitor-Treated Patients
Authors: Bonfanti Paolo , Gabbuti Andrea , Carradori Silvia , Pusterla Luigi , Parazzini Fabio , Lindonio Simona , Quirino Tiziana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The introduction of protease inhibitors has proven a watershed in human immunodeficiency virus infection therapy and has initiated an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, the numerous data on the effectiveness of these therapeutic regimens have been cited with an ever-growing number of communications concerning adverse reactions. In particular, the widescale use of protease inhibitors has underlined a series of events not evidenced in the controlled clinical studies that permitted the registration of these drugs. We are conducting a cohort multicenter study to evaluate the incidence of adverse events during treatment with protease inhibitors. To date, A cases of bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head have been reported out of 1073 person-years. While the pathogenesis of this event is unclear, it may be a long-term complication of protease inhibitor treatment.
Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma of the Sacrum
Authors: Biagini Roberto , Orsini Umberto , Demitri Silvio , Bibiloni Juan , Ruggieri Pietro , Mercuri Mario , Capanna Rodolfo , Majorana Blas , Bertoni Franco , Bacchini Patrizia , Briccoli Antonio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective study examined 10 patients with osteoid osteoma and ? patients with osteoblastoma localized in the sacrococcyx. In the sacrum, the diagnosis was delayed compared to other sites. Curettage through a posterior approach is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy as well as embolization of feeding arteries may be used for the most aggressive lesions. Prognosis is generally good with a low incidence of local recurrence(<10%).
Selective Corticosteroid Injection into the Extensor Pollicis Brevis Tenosynovium for de Quervain's Disease
Authors: Sakai Naotaka 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Selective corticosteroid injection into the extensor pollicis brevis tenosynovium was performed in 50 patients (7 men and 43 women; 53 hands) with de Quervain's disease. Mean patient age was 32.4 years and mean foUow-up was 4.1 years. Before selective injection into the extensor pollicis brevis tenosynovium, the extensor pollicis brevis tendon was palpated at the distal ulnar side of the first compartment, with dorsal and volar flexion of the first metacarpophalangeal joint. A 27-gauge needle was placed along the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and into the distal entrance of the extensor pollicis brevis tenosynovium selectively, and 10 mg of 40 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide and 0.25 mL of 1% Xylocaine were combined and injected. Forty-six hands had relief of pain following a single injection. Six hands required a second injection and 1 hand required a third injection. Ultimately, all 53 hands had satisfactory results by selective extensor pollicis brevis injection alone, and no patients required surgical treatment.
Use of an Allograft Bone Button for Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Bonutti Peter M , Cremens Matthew J , Lee Frank S , Gray Timothy J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bone button anchors constructed from allograft bone were investigated as an alternative for rotator cuff repair. Bone button anchors were used in 59 consecutive procedures after mechanical pullout strength and cyclical loading bench testing. Sequential radiographs demonstrated that the anchors locked in cancellous bone and provided consistent fixation with no loosening or lysis in 1 year of clinical follow-up. Mechanical testing demonstrated mean pullout strength of 1 60.2 N (36 lbs), and the anchors did not migrate when cyclically loaded. Clinical results showed an allograft anchor is viable for rotator cuff tendon repair.
Platelet Concentrate Increases Bone Ingrowth into Porous Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Siebrecht Maikel A N , De Rooij Philippe P , Arm Douglas M , Olsson Martin L , Aspenberg Per 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Platelets contain growth factors that are believed to stimulate early fracture repair. Autologous platelets can be sequestered, concentrated, and mixed with thrombin to yield a so-called autologous growth factor gel, which might enhance bone repair or bone graft incorporation. The effect of this platelet concentrate on total tissue and bone ingrowth into porous coralline hydroxyapatite was studied in a bone chamber rat model. Chambers with the platelet concentrate showed a significant increase in bone and total tissue ingrowth distance compared to untreated controls, indicating a platelet concentrate might enhance the clinical performance of porous hydroxyapatite in bone replacement.
The Role of Proximal Femoral Valgus Osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Raney Ellen M , Grogan Dennis P , Hurley Mary E , Ogden John A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Proximal femoral valgus osteotomy for Legg-CalvéPerthes disease was evaluated at an average 5 years postoperatively in 31 consecutive patients. The indications for osteotomy were hinge abduction and pain. The Iowa hip scores at follow-up for 21 patients averaged 93 points. Combined clinical and radiographic review for these patients yielded 6 (29%) excellent, 7 (33%) good, 5 (24%) fair, and 3 (14%) poor results. The 10 remaining patients had good pain relief and were satisfied but were unable to return for hip scale evaluation.
Coccidioides immitis Osteomyelitis: A Case Series Review
Authors: Holley Keith , Muldoon Michael , Tasker Sybil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A retrospective chart review and telephone follow-up was conducted on patients who were treated for disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving bones or joints at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California from 1993-1999. Thirteen patients were identified, with average follow-up of 36 months. Six patients underwent surgical debridement and systemic medical therapy, and seven patients were treated medically only. All patients improved symptomatically with decreasing complement fixation titers at last follow-up. Five of the six patients treated with combined therapy are currently quiescent. Of those treated medically, four patients are quiescent; three were lost to follow-up. Coccidioidomycosis osteomyelitis remains a rare but difficult disease to treat, with a lifelong risk of recurrence. A combined medical and surgical approach has been shown to be effective, but medical therapy alone with intravenous amphotericin B followed by suppressive azole therapy may be effective in selected patients.
Giant-Cell Tumors of Bone and Progesterone Receptors
Authors: Demertzis Nikolaos , Kotsiandri Fani , Giotis Ioulia , Apostolikas Nikiphoros 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and cathepsin D were determined in 10 patients with giant-cell bone tumor. Progesterone receptors were expressed in 5 of 10 patients tested, whereas low levels of estrogen receptors were found in 1 patient. Cathepsin D levels were elevated in 5 of 5 samples studied. High values of progesterone receptors correlated with low tumor grade. Cathepsin D levels correlated negatively with tumor grade but positively with local tumor expansion. Giantcell bone tumor expressing progesterone receptors may manifest benign behavior. Cathepsin D may be involved in tumor expansion, possibly through its effect on bone resorption.
Comparison of Different Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Suppressing the Monocyte Response to Orthopedic Particles
Authors: Mulhall Kevin J , Curtin William A , Given H Frederick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three different anti-inflammatory agents - diclofenac, dexamethasone, and N-acetylcysteine - were compared to evaluate their effectiveness in suppressing monocytemacrophage cell culture activation and mediator release (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) in response to polymethylmethacrylate particulate debris. N-acetylcysteine and diclofenac were most effective in suppressing TNF-a and IL-1 β expression by the : monocyte-macrophages, Dexamethasone reduced TNF-α expression but was hot as effective in suppressing IL-1β expression. N-acetylcysteine and idexamethasone had no effect on cell viability whereas diclofenac at the highest concentrations decreased cell viabilities. N-acetyleystene and diclofenac, but less so dexamethasone, are effective in suppressing wear debris-related cell activation and mediator release and thus potentially represent therapeutic or preventive modalities for periprostatic Osteolysis.
Retention of Basic Cardiac Life Support Content: The Effect of Two Teaching Methods
Authors: Friesen Laurel , Stotts Nancy A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Does the method of instruction affect retention of Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) knowledge and skill? This was the primary question addressed in a study conducted in a university school of nursing. The teaching methods studied were a lecture-demonstration-return demonstration method and a self-paced method.
The sample consisted of 63 baccalaureate nursing students who were assigned to one of the two teaching methods. American Heart Association instructional materials and cognitive and performance tests were used with both treatment groups. Initial mastery and retention were tested during week two and eight respectively.
Cognitive knowledge was retained at a mastery level by both groups at eight weeks. In addition, there was no difference in retention of performance skills based on teaching methods. However, neither group was able to demonstrate retention of performance skills at a mastery level.
Additional data indicate the self-paced subjects spent less time in BCLS learning activities. While the self-paced instructional package was more costly on a one-time basis, repeated applications would decrease the cost/student.
An Estimate of the Cost of Educating a BN Graduate and Graduates of Other Disciplines at a Canadian University: A Case Study
Authors: Roberts Patricia M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing educators are often told that their courses and programs are too expensive. This study was planned because there is little published information available on the cost of nursing education in comparison with other disciplines. After the academic requirements for an honours or professional degree in each of 28 disciplines (excluding Medicine) were listed, and the cost/student of the courses calculated, the individual course costs were summated to provide the cost of each degree. It was found that the cost of the BN degree ($45 thousand) was, for example, not significantly different from the mean cost of an honours Arts degree ($44 ±7.5 thousand) and was well below the mean of an honours Science degree ($59 ± 19.4 thousand). It was therefore concluded that, at this University, the BN was not expensive, and that nurse educators at other universities should be skeptical of unsubstantiated claims to the contrary.
The Meaning of Health for Graduate Nursing Students
Authors: Hanna Kathleen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning of health for graduate nursing students based on their life experiences. The qualitative descriptive approach of phenomenology was utilized to define the meaning of health for graduate nursing students. The sample consisted of 29 graduate nursing students. From the participants' responses, 68 descriptive expressions were obtained. Based on these expressions and identified elements, a definition of health was proposed that reflected an awareness of a physical as well as a mental state.
The Effect of Concept Teaching in Preparing Nursing Students for Clinical Practice
Authors: Kinnick Virginia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This experimental study compared three strategies for concept teaching, using concepts basic to interpretation of electronic fetal monitor patterns. Generic baccalaureate nursing students from two different universities were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. After the treatments were conducted (instruction), students' ability to identify concepts on fetal monitor patterns was tested before they entered the clinical setting, and again 6 to 7 weeks later, at the end of their clinical experience. The treatment group receiving instruction using all teaching variables prescribed in the Tennyson-Cocchiarella model for concept attainment (Group 3), had a significantly higher mean at p<.05 on the first test than the other two groups. Differences were maintained on the second test. In fact, the mean of Group 3 was the same on the first test (prior to entering the clinical setting) as the means of the other two groups after completion of the clinical experience.
Community Health Nursing Clinicals: An Examination of the Present and Ideas for the Future
Authors: McEwen Melanie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As part of a curriculum revision for a baccalaureate school of nursing, a nationwide survey examined how schools of nursing structure community health nursing (CHN) clinical experiences. Results indicate that a wide variety of settings and agencies (public health departments, schools, clinics, home health, and many more) are being used. Use of preceptors, use of multiple and single agencies, observational visits, time scheduled, projects, and faculty philosophy of CHN were examined. Although many settings, courses, and projects are traditional, this study reveals that some nursing schools are responding to changes in health care and population needs and are structuring CHN clinicals accordingly. Ideas for clinical courses for the future are offered.