bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Enteral Nutrition Tolerance in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Liu Wen-jun , Zhong Jun , Luo Jing-chao , Zheng Ji-li , Ma Jie-fei , Ju Min-jie , Su Ying , Liu Kai , Tu Guo-wei , Luo Zhe 
Published: December 2021

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended within the first 24–48 h for patients with hemodynamic stability, following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). However, for patients with approximate stable hemodynamics requiring mechanical circulatory support and vasoactive drugs, the application of early EN remains controversial. We sought to evaluate the tolerance of early EN in patients with cardiogenic shock who required vasoactive drugs and mechanical circulatory support after cardiac surgery.Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study included patients with cardiogenic shock, requiring vasoactive drugs and mechanical circulatory support after cardiac surgery, undergoing EN. The primary endpoint was EN tolerance and secondary endpoints were mortality, length of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay.Results: From February 2019 to December 2020, 59 patients were enrolled, of which 25 (42.37%) developed intolerance within 3 days of starting EN. Patients in the EN intolerant group had a longer median length of mechanical ventilation (380 vs. 128 h, p = 0.006), a longer median ICU stay (20 vs. 11.5 days, p = 0.03), and a higher proportion of bloodstream infections (44 vs. 14.71%, p = 0.018). The median EN calorie levels for all patients in the first 3 days of EN were 4.00, 4.13, and 4.28 kcal/kg/day, respectively. Median protein intake levels of EN in the first 3 days were 0.18, 0.17, and 0.17 g/kg/day, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the median dose of vasoactive drugs between the groups (0.035 vs. 0.05 μg/kg/min, p = 0.306).Conclusions: Patients with cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery had a high proportion of early EN intolerance, and patients with EN intolerance had a worse prognosis, but no significant correlation was identified between EN tolerance and the dose of vasoactive drugs.
The Nutritional Profiles of Five Important Edible Insect Species From West Africa—An Analytical and Literature Synthesis
Authors: Anankware Jacob P. , Roberts Benjamin J. , Cheseto Xavier , Osuga Isaac , Savolainen Vincent , Collins C. M. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Undernutrition is a prevalent, serious, and growing concern, particularly in developing countries. Entomophagy—the human consumption of edible insects, is a historical and culturally established practice in many regions. Increasing consumption of nutritious insect meal is a possible combative strategy and can promote sustainable food security. However, the nutritional literature frequently lacks consensus, with interspecific differences in the nutrient content of edible insects generally being poorly resolved.Aims and methods: Here we present full proximate and fatty acid profiles for five edible insect species of socio-economic importance in West Africa: Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Rhynchophorus phoenicis (African palm weevil), Cirina butyrospermi (shea tree caterpillar), and Macrotermes bellicosus (African termite). These original profiles, which can be used in future research, are combined with literature-derived proximate, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles to analyse interspecific differences in nutrient content.Results: Interspecific differences in ash (minerals), crude protein, and crude fat contents were substantial. Highest ash content was found in H. illucens and M. domestica (~10 and 7.5% of dry matter, respectively), highest crude protein was found in C. butyrospermi and M. domestica (~60% of dry matter), whilst highest crude fat was found in R. phoenicis (~55% of dry matter). The fatty acid profile of H. illucens was differentiated from the other four species, forming its own cluster in a principal component analysis characterized by high saturated fatty acid content. Cirina butyrospermi had by far the highest poly-unsaturated fatty acid content at around 35% of its total fatty acids, with α-linolenic acid particularly represented. Amino acid analyses revealed that all five species sufficiently met human essential amino acid requirements, although C. butyrospermi was slightly limited in leucine and methionine content.Discussion: The nutritional profiles of these five edible insect species compare favorably to beef and can meet human requirements, promoting entomophagy's utility in combatting undernutrition. In particular, C. butyrospermi may provide a source of essential poly-unsaturated fatty acids, bringing many health benefits. This, along with its high protein content, indicates that this species is worthy of more attention in the nutritional literature, which has thus-far been lacking.
Efficacy and Safety of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Induction Chemotherapy or Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage II–IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Jie , Liang Zhong-Guo , Jiang Yu-Ting , Chen Kai-Hua , Li Ling , Qu Song , Zhu Xiao-Dong 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus CCRT combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with stage II–IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we conducted a retrospective study and a meta-analysis combining the results of our studies.Patients and MethodsWe used the propensity score matching (PSM) to balance variables. A total of 168 patients were chosen by one-to-two PSM, including 101 patients with IC + CCRT and 67 cases with CCRT + AC. We used the Kaplan–Meier curve to compare survival outcomes and also used Cox regression analysis to determine independent prognostic factors. For meta-analysis, we determined the related studies by searching the PubMed database. We used STATA v12 software to perform meta-analysis of the extracted data and calculate pooled hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals of survival outcomes, and risk ratios for the toxicities.ResultsIn this retrospective study, there was no significant difference in 5-year overall survival (76.9% vs. 79.0%, P = 0.966), progression-free survival (71.3% vs. 68.5%, P = 0.332), distant metastasis-free survival (80.5% vs. 74.2%, P = 0.140), and locoregional relapse-free survival (91.5% vs. 91.8%, P = 0.894) among patients with NPC with IC + CCRT versus CCRT + AC after PSM. For meta-analysis, six articles (including our study) reporting 1,052 cases of IC + CCRT and 883 cases of CCRT + AC were included in the meta-analysis. There was no difference of OS (pooled HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.63–1.29, P = 0.561), PFS (pooled HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.87–1.33, P = 0.633), DMFS (pooled HR= 0.98, 95% CI: 0.76-1.25, P=0.861), and LRRFS (pooled HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.76–1.48, P = 0.724).ConclusionThe efficacy of IC + CCRT and CCRT + AC was comparable in patients with stage II–IVA NPC. In terms of compliance and acute adverse reactions, IC + CCRT may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in Children: Advantages of an Additional Trocar in the Lower Thorax for Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Koga Hiroyuki , Ochi Takanori , Hirayama Shunki , Watanabe Yukio , Ueno Hiroyasu , Imashimizu Kota , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Kuwatsuru Ryohei , Nishimura Kinya , Lane Geoffrey J. , Suzuki Kenji , Yamataka Atsuyuki 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To present the use of an additional trocar (AT) in the lower thorax during thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy (TPL) in children with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.Methods: For a lower lobe TPL (LL), an AT is inserted in the 10th intercostal space (IS) in the posterior axillary line after trocars for a 5-mm 30° scope, and the surgeon's left and right hands are inserted conventionally in the 6th, 4th, and 8th IS in the anterior axillary line, respectively. For an upper lobe TPL (UL), the AT is inserted in the 9th IS, and trocars are inserted in the 5th, 3rd, and 7th IS, respectively. By switching between trocars (6th↔8th for the scope, 4th↔6th for the left hand, and 8th↔10th for the right hand during LL and 5th↔7th, 3rd↔5th, and 7th↔9th during UL, respectively), vital anatomic landmarks (pulmonary veins, bronchi, and feeding arteries) can be viewed posteriorly. The value of AT was assessed from blood loss, operative time, duration of chest tube insertion, requirement for post-operative analgesia, and incidence of perioperative complications.Results: On comparing AT+ (n = 28) and AT– (n = 27), mean intraoperative blood loss (5.6 vs. 13.0 ml), operative time (3.9 vs. 5.1 h), and duration of chest tube insertion (2.2 vs. 3.4 days) were significantly decreased with AT (p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Differences in post-operative analgesia were not significant. There were three complications requiring conversion to open/mini-thoracotomy: AT– (n = 2; bleeding), AT+: (n = 1; erroneous stapling).Conclusions: An AT and switching facilitated posterior dissection during TPL in children with congenital pulmonary airway malformation enhancing safety and efficiency.
Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers
Authors: Kjeld Thomas , Isbrand Anders Brenøe , Linnet Katrine , Zerahn Bo , Højberg Jens , Hansen Egon Godthaab , Gormsen Lars Christian , Bejder Jacob , Krag Thomas , Vissing John , Bøtker Hans Erik , Arendrup Henrik Christian 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. We hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady-arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas.Methods: HR was monitored with Direct-Current-Pads/ECG-lead-II and MAP and Glu from a radial arterial-catheter in nine BHD performing an immersed and head-down maximal static pool apnea after three warm-up apneas. SAT was monitored with a sensor on the neck of the subjects. On a separate day, a 12-lead-ECG-monitored maximum static apnea was repeated dry (n = 6).Results: During pool apnea of maximum duration (385 ± 70 s), SAT decreased from 99.6 ± 0.5 to 58.5 ± 5.5% (∼PaO2 4.8 ± 1.5 kPa, P &lt; 0.001), while Glu increased from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P = 0.009). MAP increased from 103 ± 4 to 155 ± 6 mm Hg (P &lt; 0.005). HR decreased to 46 ± 10 from 86 ± 14 beats/minute (P &lt; 0.001). HR and MAP were unchanged after 3–4 min of apnea. During dry apnea (378 ± 31 s), HR decreased from 55 ± 4 to 40 ± 3 beats/minute (P = 0.031). Atrioventricular dissociation and junctional rhythm were observed both during pool and dry apneas.Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous studies concluding that Glu decreases during apnea diving. We conclude during maximum apnea in elite BHD that (1) the diving reflex is maximized after 3–4 min, (2) increasing Glu may indicate lactate metabolism in accordance with our previous results, and (3) extreme hypoxia rather than hypoglycemia causes brady-arrythmias in elite BHD similar to diving mammals.
Philanthropic Motives of China’s Celebrities in Media Representation: From an Impression Management Perspective
Authors: Gao Jinghua , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: December 2021

Background: In China, celebrities, represented by entertainment and sports personalities, are often involved in charitable activities to assist the party-state in solving social problems. Although previous research has addressed the manifestation of prosocial behavior by Chinese celebrities, altruistic engagements have rarely been theorized from the perspective of impression management.Methods: Based on the perspective of impression management, we use the discourse analysis approach to analyze the interview manuscripts of Chinese celebrities in media reports and then summarize the charitable motives and impression management strategies adopted by Chinese celebrities in their self-presentation.Results: Chinese celebrities’ self-presentation of philanthropic motives in the media can be roughly divided into five categories: motivation for empathy-altruism, motivation for social responsibility, motivation to gain prestige, and pursue fame, motivation to reduce negative emotions, and motivation to achieve fulfillment and satisfaction. The philanthropic motives presented in media reports include the impression management processes of celebrities. They adopt a variety of image management strategies to self-present their philanthropic motives, and sometimes several strategies coexist.Conclusion: Our paper helps to expand the existing understanding of the relationship between impression management and philanthropy. The presentation of Chinese celebrities’ philanthropic motivations in the media reflects the uniqueness of China’s political, institutional, and social environment in influencing celebrity philanthropy. As a philanthropic phenomenon with Chinese characteristics, this study could provide some insights into the understanding of celebrities and philanthropy in other cultural contexts.
My Health Too: Investigating the Feasibility and the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program Developed for Healthcare Workers
Authors: Bureau Raven , Bemmouna Doha , Faria Clara Gitahy Falcao , Goethals Anne-Aline Catteau , Douhet Floriane , Mengin Amaury C. , Fritsch Aurélie , Zinetti Bertschy Anna , Frey Isabelle , Weiner Luisa 
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has had a considerable mental health impact on healthcare workers. High levels of psychological distress are expected to have a significant impact on healthcare systems, warranting the need for evidence-based psychological interventions targeting stress and fostering resilience in this population. Online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proved to be effective in targeting stress and promoting resilience. However, online CBT programs targeting stress in healthcare workers are lacking.Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based CBT intervention, the My Health Too program we developed during the first COVID-19 epidemic peak in France.Methods: We recruited 10 participants among Alsace region hospital staff during the first peak of the pandemic in France. They were given 1 week to test the website and were then asked to answer an internet survey and a semi-structured phone interview.Results: We conducted a thematic analysis of the content from the phone interviews. Major themes were identified, discussed and coded: the technical aspects, the content of the website and its impact on participants’ emotions and everyday life. Overall, the participants reported finding the website easy to use and interactive. They described the resources as easy to understand, readily usable, and useful in inducing calm and in helping them practice self-compassion.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the My Health Too online CBT program is highly feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers during the highly stressful times of the pandemic peak. The feedback provided helped to improve the program whose efficacy is to be tested.
The Efficacy of Eye Masks and Earplugs Interventions for Sleep Promotion in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karimi Leila , Rahimi-Bashar Farshid , Mohammadi Seyyede Momeneh , Mollahadi Mohsen , Khosh-Fetrat Masoum , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Ashtari Sara 
Published: December 2021

Using physical devices such as eye masks and earplugs to improve to the quality of sleep in intensive care units (ICUs) is a very important issue. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of eye masks and earplugs for sleep promotion in critically ill adult patients in the ICU based on various sleep quality assessment tools. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were systematically retrieved until May 2021. Both randomized and non-randomized experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included if they evaluated the efficacy of eye masks and earplugs interventions on sleep outcomes in critically ill patients. The methodological quality was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. For the main outcome (sleep quality), a mean difference (MD) and confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were determined. A total of 2,687 participants from 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty one studies were included in meta-analysis and 14 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. According to the results based on sleep quality assessment tools; overall scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), eye mask and/or earplug interventions have a positive effect on sleep quality. Based on Verran-Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSHSS), sleep disturbance was significantly lower in the intervention groups. In terms of polysomnography, the use of eye masks and/or earplugs resulted in a significant increase in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) time, significant reduction of awaking, and sleep arousals index. The results of the present study suggest that the use of earplugs or eye masks, separately or combined affects sleep improvement in critically ill patients.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=145830, PROSPERO: CRD42020145830.
Kulturowe wzorce osobowe a wychowanie współczesnego dziecka
Authors: Kuźnik Marta 
Published: December 2021

Tematyka wzorców osobowych jest niezmiernie ważna w obecnych czasach przepełnionych wpływem różnych kultur czy kierunków odziaływań, między innymi środków masowego przekazu, narzędzi wirtualnych czy współczesnych „idoli”. A przecież odpowiednio dobrane wzorce osobowe dostarczają dzieciom i młodzieży konkretnych wartości do naśladowania, wybierają ogromny wpływ na ich wyobraźnię i psychikę. Mobilizują do pozytywnego działania i prawidłowego funkcjonowania w życiu społecznym. Ogromną rolę odgrywa również osobowość każdego człowieka. Artykuł jest zatem próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie czy we współczesnych czasach istnieją wzorce osobowe, które zyskują zainteresowanie dzieci i młodzieży? Wyjaśnia specyfikę wzoru osobowego na tle pojęć pokrewnych. Opisuje rolę wzorów osobowych na różnych etapach rozwoju człowieka oraz modele wychowania obecne we współczesnej psychologii.
A Low Energy Clock Network with a Huge Number of Local Synchronized Oscillators
Authors: Carlstedt Gunnar , Rimborg Mats 
Published: December 2021

<p>Manycore processors may generally be implemented as an array of small processing elements (PE) interconnected by a communication mesh (NoC). This article describes a clock system for such chips, with many thousands of high frequency PEs.</p>
<p>Each PE contains a low energy oscillator. It synchronizes with the four neighbors by an additional low voltage wire parallel to the communication links, which carries a sinusoidal signal. This wire is part of a resonant circuit that extends to all PE oscillators. Theoretically, in an infinite mesh the oscillators will all be phase locked, but in a limited mesh there will be fringe effects. In a mesh with 25×25 oscillators, the maximum skew between neighboring regions is within 3.3 ps. By slightly adjusting the free running frequency of the oscillators, the skew can be reduced to 1.2 ps.</p>
<p>Because there is no central clock, both power consumption and clock frequency can be improved compared to a conventional clock distribution network. A PE of 150×150 μm² running at 6.7 GHz with 93 master-slave flip-flops is used as an example. The PE-internal clock skew is less than 2.3 ps, and the energy consumption of the clock system 807 μW per PE. This corresponds to an effective gate and wire capacitance of 509 aF, or 7.3 gate capacitances.</p>
<p>Scheduling the local oscillators gradually along one of the grid’s axes reduces the power noise. In this way, surge currents, which generally have their peaks at the clock edges, are distributed evenly over a full clock cycle.</p>
<p>Pergeseran Makna <em>Gas</em> dalam Bahasa Indonesia (<em>A Shift the Meaning of the Word Gas in Indonesia</em>)</p>
Authors: Fitria Ringga Nur , Pratama Bagus Surya 
Published: December 2021

Gas merupakan suatu zat ringan yang bersifat seperti udara (di dalam suhu biasa tidak bisa menjadi cair). Gas juga dapat disebut sebagai minyak bumi yang sudah dicairkan dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan memasak. Namun, kini kata gas tidak hanya bermakna seperti itu. Kata gas sekarang sudah biasa digunakan dalam bahasa sehari-hari. Penelitian ini mengkaji kata gas yang sudah mengalami pergeseran makna. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui media sosial di Twitter. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode agih. Dari penelitian ini dihasilkan bahwa kata gas sudah mengalami pergeseran makna. Kata gas digunakan sebagai ungkapan untuk mengiyakan ajakan orang lain atau menyetujui apa yang dibicarakan orang lain. Selain itu, penggunaan kata gas bisa dimaknai sebagai jangan marah atau jangan emosi. Dari penelitian ini pula diketahui bahwa kata gas sudah mengalami pergeseran makna meluas. Gas is a light substance that behaves like air at temperature and usually cannot become liquid. Gas can also be referred to as petroleum which has been liquefied and can be used for cooking purposes. However, now the word gas doesn’t only mean like that. The word gas can now be used in everyday language. This research examines the word gas which has undergone a shift in meaning. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research data was obtained through social media on Twitter. The analytical method used is the method of agih. From this research, it will be found that the gas word had shifted in meaning. The word gas was used as an expression to say yes to someone else's invitation or to approve what other people statement. It also can be interpreted as not to be angry or, not to be emotional. From this research, it was also found that the word gas had undergone a broad shift in meaning.