bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF STEREOSPERMUM FIMBRIATUM AGAINST SELECTED SKIN-ASSOCIATED PATHOGENS
Authors: Awang Anis Fadhlina Izyani , Sarker Zaidul Islam , Abdul Majid Fadzilah Adibah , Sheikh Hassan I. 
Published: August 2021

Stereospermum fimbriatum (local name: “Chicha”) has been used traditionally to treat postpartum illness, stomachache, earache and itchy skin in Malaysia. This study was performed to investigate the phytochemical contents of S. fimbriatum (flowers, leaves, twig and stem bark) by phytochemicals screening and GC-MS analysis as well as to determine their antimicrobial potential against eleven skin-associated pathogens. The extraction was done by soxhlet extractor using n-hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol, successively. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts was screened by disc diffusion assay and selected active extracts were evaluated for their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC & MBC). Phytochemicals such as steroids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were identified in different plant parts of S. fimbriatum. Hex and DCM extracts of stem bark were the most potent extracts especially against three susceptible pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (13-15 mm), S. aureus (14-15 mm) and S. epidermidis (16 mm). The range of MIC values for Hex and DCM extracts was 0.4 to 0.8 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis of Hex and DCM extracts showed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. The stem bark of S. fimbriatum was rich of bioactive compounds and exhibited potent antibacterial activity specifically against Staphylococci sp.
Scalable Gaussian Processes for Data-Driven Design Using Big Data With Categorical Factors
Authors: Wang Liwei , Yerramilli Suraj , Iyer Akshay , Apley Daniel , Zhu Ping , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Scientific and engineering problems often require the use of artificial intelligence to aid understanding and the search for promising designs. While Gaussian processes (GP) stand out as easy-to-use and interpretable learners, they have difficulties in accommodating big data sets, categorical inputs, and multiple responses, which has become a common challenge for a growing number of data-driven design applications. In this paper, we propose a GP model that utilizes latent variables and functions obtained through variational inference to address the aforementioned challenges simultaneously. The method is built upon the latent-variable Gaussian process (LVGP) model where categorical factors are mapped into a continuous latent space to enable GP modeling of mixed-variable data sets. By extending variational inference to LVGP models, the large training data set is replaced by a small set of inducing points to address the scalability issue. Output response vectors are represented by a linear combination of independent latent functions, forming a flexible kernel structure to handle multiple responses that might have distinct behaviors. Comparative studies demonstrate that the proposed method scales well for large data sets with over 104 data points, while outperforming state-of-the-art machine learning methods without requiring much hyperparameter tuning. In addition, an interpretable latent space is obtained to draw insights into the effect of categorical factors, such as those associated with “building blocks” of architectures and element choices in metamaterial and materials design. Our approach is demonstrated for machine learning of ternary oxide materials and topology optimization of a multiscale compliant mechanism with aperiodic microstructures and multiple materials.
Bone Ingrowth Around an Uncemented Femoral Implant Using Mechanoregulatory Algorithm: A Multiscale Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Mathai Basil , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe primary fixation and long-term stability of a cementless femoral implant depend on bone ingrowth within the porous coating. Although attempts were made to quantify the peri-implant bone ingrowth using the finite element (FE) analysis and mechanoregulatory principles, the tissue differentiation patterns on a porous-coated hip stem have scarcely been investigated. The objective of this study is to predict the spatial distribution of evolutionary bone ingrowth around an uncemented hip stem, using a three-dimensional (3D) multiscale mechanobiology-based numerical framework. Multiple load cases representing a variety of daily living activities, including walking, stair climbing, sitting down, and standing up from a chair, were used as applied loading conditions. The study accounted for the local variations in host bone material properties and implant–bone relative displacements of the macroscale implanted FE model, in order to predict bone ingrowth in microscale representative volume elements (RVEs) of 12 interfacial regions. In majority RVEs, 20–70% bone tissue (immature and mature) was predicted after 2 months, contributing toward a progressive increase in average Young's modulus (1200–3000 MPa) of the interbead tissue layer. Higher bone ingrowth (mostly greater than 60%) was predicted in the anterolateral regions of the implant, as compared to the posteromedial side (20–50%). New bone tissue was formed deeper inside the interbead spacing, adhering to the implant surface. The study helps to gain an insight into the degree of osseointegration of a porous-coated femoral implant.
Effective Range Assessment of Lidar Imaging Systems for Autonomous Vehicles Under Adverse Weather Conditions With Stationary Vehicles
Authors: Abdo Jamil , Hamblin Spencer , Chen Genshe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Light detection and ranging (lidar) imaging systems are being increasingly used in autonomous vehicles. However, the final technology implementation is still undetermined as major automotive manufacturers are only starting to select providers for data collection units that can be introduced in commercial vehicles. Currently, testing for autonomous vehicles is mostly performed in sunny environments. Experiments conducted in good weather cannot provide information regarding performance quality under extreme conditions such as fog, rain, and snow. Under extreme conditions, many instances of false detection may arise because of the backscattered intensity, thereby reducing the reliability of the sensor. In this work, lidar sensors were tested in adverse weather to understand how extreme weather affects data collection. Testing setup and algorithms were developed for this purpose. The results are expected to provide technological validation for the commercial use of lidar in automated vehicles. The effective ranges of two popular lidar sensors were estimated under adverse weather conditions, namely, fog, rain, and snow. Results showed that fog severely affected lidar performance, and rain too had some effect on the performance. Meanwhile, snow did not affect lidar performance.
Correlates of the Adherence to a 24-hr Wrist-Worn Accelerometer Protocol in a Sample of High School Students
Authors: Lopes Marcus V.V. , da Costa Bruno G.G. , Malheiros Luis E.A. , Costa Rafael M. , Souza Ana C.C. , Crochemore-Silva Inacio , Silva Kelly S. 
Published: August 2021

This study (a) compared accelerometer wear time and compliance between distinct wrist-worn accelerometer data collection plans, (b) analyzed participants’ perception of using accelerometers, and (c) identified sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of accelerometer compliance. A sample of high school students (n = 143) wore accelerometers attached to the wrist by a disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wristband or a reusable fabric wristband for 24 hr over 6 days. Those who wore the reusable fabric band, but not their peers, were instructed to remove the device during water-based activities. Participants answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and reported their experience wearing the accelerometer. We computed non-wear time and checked participants’ compliance with wear-time criteria (i.e., at least three valid weekdays and one valid weekend day) considering two valid day definitions separately (i.e., at least 16 and 23 hours of accelerometer data). Participants who wore a disposable band had greater compliance compared with those who wore a reusable band for both 16-hr (93% vs. 76%, respectively) and 23-hr valid day definitions (91% vs. 50%, respectively). High schoolers with the following characteristics were less likely to comply with wear time criteria if they (a) engaged in labor-intensive activities, (b) perceived that wearing the monitor hindered their daily activities, or (c) felt ashamed while wearing the accelerometer. In conclusion, the data collection plan composed of using disposable wristbands and not removing the monitor resulted in greater 24-hr accelerometer wear time and compliance. However, a negative experience in using the accelerometer may be a barrier to high schoolers’ adherence to rigorous protocols.
Ecogeographic Units and Management Units of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta of the Amur Zoogeographic Province
Authors: Zhivotovsky L. A. , Podorozhnyuk E. V. , Kulbachnyi S. E. , Shitova M. V. , Rakitskaya T. A. , Nikiforov A. I. , Rubtsova G. A. , Afanasyev K. I. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract—
Using the example of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the Amur zoogeographic province, we review the principle of subdividing the species into population groups. On the basis of zoogeographic zoning and biological boundaries of chum salmon groups defined by the spawning areas, taking into account the distribution, migration, and reproduction, as well as estimates of their differentiation using microsatellite DNA markers, we identified eight ecogeographic units in the Amur province. In the Amur zoogeographic region of this province, these included the summer chum salmon of the Amur-Amgun ecoregion and the autumn chum salmon of the Lower Amur (Amur-Amgun and Amur-Ussuri ecoregions); in the Shantar zoogeographic region of the province, the Uda-Tugur and Ulban groups; in the Sakhalin part of the Amur province, groups from the northwestern and northeastern Sakhalin, as well as summer and autumn chum salmon from the Poronai River. These ecogeographic units can be considered as basic spawning management units of chum salmon for this part of the species distribution range.
Chemical Induction of Trophoblast Hypoxia by Cobalt Chloride Leads to Increased Expression of DDIT3
Authors: Knyazev E. N. , Paul S. Yu. , Tonevitsky A. G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Choriocarcinoma cells BeWo b30 are used to model human placental trophoblast hypoxia using cobalt (II) chloride and hydroxyquinoline derivative (HD) as chemical inducers of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In this study, it was shown that both substances activate the hypoxic pathway and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inhibit the pathways of cell proliferation. However, CoCl2 caused activation of the apoptosis pathway, increased the activity of effector caspases 3 and 7, and increased the expression of the unfolded protein response target DDIT3. The mTORC1 pathway was activated upon exposition to CoCl2, while HD suppressed this pathway, as it happens during real trophoblast hypoxia. Thus, effect of CoCl2 on BeWo cells can be a model of severe hypoxia with activation of apoptosis, while HD mimics moderate hypoxia.
Prognostic value of different lymph node staging methods for node-positive cardia gastric cancer: a register-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qing , Bao Min , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic efficacy of lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in node-positive cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA).DesignA registry-based retrospective cohort study.SettingPatients diagnosed with node-positive CGA in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2015.ParticipantsA total of 1038 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned (7:3) to the training set (n=723) or validating set (n=315).Primary outcome measureCancer-specific survival (CSS).ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the training and validation sets were similar. Based on the optimal cut-off values, LNR was classified into low (<0.09), medium (0.09~0.33) and high (>0.33) groups; LODDS was also classified into low (<−2.09), medium (−2.09~−0.65) and high (>−0.65) groups. CSS was significantly different across LNR and LODDS subgroups. The Harrell concordance index of the N stage was lower than that of the LNR or LODDS. The Akaike information criterion of the N stage was higher than that of the LNR or LODDS. Independent predictors included race, T stage, M stage and LNR (or LODDS), and they were incorporated into nomograms for 1-year, 2-year and 5-year CSS prediction. Calibration plots showed satisfactory results for internal and external validity of the nomogram.ConclusionsLNR and LODDS staging methods have better prognostic efficacy than the traditional N staging method in CGA with node metastasis. Moreover, the two values are promising substitutes for N staging in nomogram development when other independent prognostic factors are incorporated.
Urine drug screen positive for cocaine and amphetamine is not an adverse risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in trauma
Authors: Satish Sangeeta , Freeman Carl , Culhane John 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundUrine drug screening (UDS) is a component of trauma workup and of perioperative risk evaluation. Illicit stimulant use has been associated with cardiovascular complications. This study investigates the impact of stimulant use and its interaction with surgery on cardiovascular complications in trauma patients.MethodsPatients were identified from the 2017 National Trauma Data Bank. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the effect of amphetamine and cocaine on mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We evaluated three subsets: all screened patients, those who underwent surgery, and those whose surgery was immediate. Significance was tested with χ2test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Results317 688 (32.1%) patients underwent UDS. Multivariate analysis showed protective association between cocaine and mortality OR 0.9 (p=0.028). Cocaine was a non-significant predictor of MI and stroke: OR 0.63 (p=0.065) and 0.91 (p=0.502), respectively. Amphetamine was a non-significant predictor of mortality, MI, and stroke: OR 0.97 (p=0.405), 0.80 (p=0.283), and 1.02 (p=0.857), respectively.On univariate analysis, amphetamine showed a protective association with MI for all screened patients: relative risk (RR) 0.58 (p=0.005), and for surgical patients: RR 0.58 (p=0.019). Amphetamine showed a protective association with mortality for all three subsets: RR 0.83 (p<0.001), 0.78 (p<0.001), and 0.71 (p<0.001), respectively. Cocaine showed a protective association with MI for all screened patients: RR 0.45 (p=0.001), and for surgical patients: RR 0.44 (p=0.005). Cocaine showed a protective association with mortality for all three subsets: RR 0.76 (p<0.001), 0.71 (p<0.001), and 0.63 (p<0.001), respectively.DiscussionUDS positive for cocaine or amphetamine is not an adverse risk factor in trauma, including trauma patients who underwent surgery. The apparent protective effects of illicit drugs warrant further investigation.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level IV.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer among Older Americans with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: D'Arcy Monica E. , Beachler Daniel C. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Mariette Xavier , Seror Raphaele , Mahale Parag , Rivera Donna R. , Yanik Elizabeth L. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
TNF inhibitors (TNFi) effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis but may increase patient risk of some malignancies, particularly lymphomas or skin cancers.

Methods:
We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare data to conduct a case–control study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2007–2015). Cases were individuals with a first cancer diagnosed in SEER registries (ages 66–99, 22 cancer sites, N = 10,263). Skin cancer cases [nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC, N = 501), basal cell carcinoma (BCC, N = 161), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, N = 150)] and cancer-free controls (N = 30,475) were selected from Medicare beneficiaries residing in SEER areas. Cases and controls had prior Medicare claims-based evidence for rheumatoid arthritis, and TNFi exposure was ascertained from part B and part D claims. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR).

Results:
TNFi exposure was present in 16.2% of controls and 12.8% to 33.7% of cancer cases, varying by site. TNFi use was associated with increased risk of NMSC overall (aOR 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.63), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) overall (1.28, 1.06–1.56) and, specifically, follicular lymphoma (2.63, 1.63–4.24). TNFi exposure was not associated with other SEER cancer sites, BCC or SCC specifically, or other common NHL subtypes.

Conclusions:
Among older adults with rheumatoid arthritis, TNFi exposure was associated with elevated risk of NMSC and NHL, driven specifically by follicular lymphoma. Exposure was not associated with increased risk for other cancer sites.

Impact:
Our results support a role for TNF in lymphomagenesis. Given the association with NMSC, patients initiating TNFi therapy may benefit from skin cancer screening and sun protection measures.
Phase I Study of 2- or 3-Week Dosing of Telisotuzumab Vedotin, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met, Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Camidge D. Ross , Morgensztern Daniel , Heist Rebecca S. , Barve Minal , Vokes Everett , Goldman Jonathan W. , Hong David S. , Bauer Todd M. , Strickler John H. , Angevin Eric , Motwani Monica , Parikh Apurvasena , Sun Zhaowen , Bach Bruce Allen , Wu Jun , Komarnitsky Philip B. , Kelly Karen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is an anti–c-Met–directed antibody–drug conjugate. Here, we present safety and efficacy data from a phase I/Ib study of Teliso-V monotherapy evaluated in once every 2 weeks/once every 3 weeks schedules in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:
During dose escalation, patients received Teliso-V monotherapy intravenously once every 3 weeks (0.15–3.3 mg/kg) or once every 2 weeks (1.6–2.2 mg/kg). The dose-expansion phase enrolled patients with NSCLC and c-Met H-score ≥150 (c-Met+) or MET amplification/exon 14 skipping mutations. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy were assessed. Herein, the analysis of patients receiving ≥1.6 mg/kg once every 2 weeks or ≥2.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks Teliso-V is reported.

Results:
Fifty-two patients with NSCLC were enrolled and received ≥1.6 mg/kg Teliso-V once every 2 weeks (n = 28) or ≥2.4 mg/kg Teliso-V once every 3 weeks (n = 24). The most common adverse events were fatigue (54%), peripheral neuropathy (42%), and nausea (38%). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed for Teliso-V once every 2 weeks and once every 3 weeks up to 2.2 and 2.7 mg/kg, respectively. The recommended phase II dose was established at 1.9 mg/kg once every 2 weeks and 2.7 mg/kg once every 3 weeks on the basis of overall safety and pharmacokinetics. Forty of 52 patients were c-Met+ (33 nonsquamous, 6 squamous, 1 mixed histology) and were included in the efficacy-evaluable population. Of those, 9 (23%) had objective responses with median duration of response of 8.7 months; median progression-free survival was 5.2 months.

Conclusions:
Teliso-V monotherapy was tolerated and showed antitumor activity in c-Met+ NSCLC. On the basis of overall safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy outcomes, 1.9 mg/kg Teliso-V once every 2 weeks and 2.7 mg/kg once every 3 weeks schedules were selected for further clinical development.
Molecular Subtyping Combined with Biological Pathway Analyses to Study Regorafenib Response in Clinically Relevant Mouse Models of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lafferty Adam , O'Farrell Alice C. , Migliardi Giorgia , Khemka Niraj , Lindner Andreas U. , Sassi Francesco , Zanella Eugenia R. , Salvucci Manuela , Vanderheyden Evy , Modave Elodie , Boeckx Bram , Halang Luise , Betge Johannes , Ebert Matthias P.A. , Dicker Patrick , Argilés Guillem , Tabernero Josep , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Medico Enzo , Lambrechts Diether , Bertotti Andrea , Isella Claudio , Trusolino Livio , Prehn Jochen H.M. , Byrne Annette T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose:Regorafenib (REG) is approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but has modest survival benefit and associated toxicities. Robust predictive/early response biomarkers to aid patient stratification are outstanding. We have exploited biological pathway analyses in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) trial to study REG response mechanisms and elucidate putative biomarkers.Experimental Design:Molecularly subtyped PDXs were annotated for REG response. Subtyping was based on gene expression (CMS, consensus molecular subtype) and copy-number alteration (CNA). Baseline tumor vascularization, apoptosis, and proliferation signatures were studied to identify predictive biomarkers within subtypes. Phospho-proteomic analysis was used to identify novel classifiers. Supervised RNA sequencing analysis was performed on PDXs that progressed, or did not progress, following REG treatment.Results:Improved REG response was observed in CMS4, although intra-subtype response was variable. Tumor vascularity did not correlate with outcome. In CMS4 tumors, reduced proliferation and higher sensitivity to apoptosis at baseline correlated with response. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis revealed 4 phospho-proteomic clusters, one of which was enriched with non-progressor models. A classification decision tree trained on RPPA- and CMS-based assignments discriminated non-progressors from progressors with 92% overall accuracy (97% sensitivity, 67% specificity). Supervised RNA sequencing revealed that higher basal EPHA2 expression is associated with REG resistance.Conclusions:Subtype classification systems represent canonical “termini a quo” (starting points) to support REG biomarker identification, and provide a platform to identify resistance mechanisms and novel contexts of vulnerability. Incorporating functional characterization of biological systems may optimize the biomarker identification process for multitargeted kinase inhibitors.