bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sex on tic severity and psychiatric comorbidity profile in patients with pediatric tic disorder
Authors: Girgis Joseph , Martino Davide , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: October 2021

AimTo investigate sex‐related differences in tic severity, tic‐related impairments, and psychiatric comorbidities in childhood.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, tic severity/impairment and demographic factors were collected from 270 children and young people (aged 5–17y, mean 10y 6mo, SD 3y 4mo; 212 males and 58 females) with a tic disorder diagnosis at a specialty clinic. Psychiatric diagnoses and corresponding screening questionnaire scores were collected for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Logistic regression was used to compare the effect of sex and age on psychiatric comorbid diagnoses. The Mann–Whitney U test and t‐tests were used to assess differences in questionnaire score distribution between sexes.ResultsFemales had more severe motor tics (12.55 vs 10.81, p=0.01) and higher global severity scores (38.79 vs 32.66, p=0.03) on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Females were less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD (odds ratio=0.48, 95% confidence interval=0.26–0.89). No significant sex difference was observed in diagnosis rates or symptom severity scores for anxiety or OCD. Females had significantly higher scores than males on the Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition.InterpretationThe higher level of motor tic severity and global severity in females further supports the differential natural history of tic disorders in females. Females with tic disorders may be underdiagnosed for ADHD.
Subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Italia Leonardo , Ingallina Giacomo , Napolano Antonio , Boccellino Antonio , Belli Martina , Cannata Francesco , Rolando Marco , Ancona Francesco , Melillo Francesco , Stella Stefano , Ripa Marco , Scarpellini Paolo , Tresoldi Moreno , Ortalda Alessandro , Righetti Beatrice , De Cobelli Francesco , Esposito Antonio , Ciceri Fabio , Castagna Antonella , Rovere Patrizia Querini , Fragasso Gabriele , Agricola Eustachio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial injury (MI) can be detected during the acute phase of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Recent imaging studies described the persistence of cardiac abnormalities after the recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities at mid‐term follow‐up in patients recovered from COVID‐19 using clinical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging evaluation with comprehensive echocardiography.MethodsThis is an observational, cross‐sectional study assessing an unselected cohort of consecutive patients recovered from COVID‐19. MI was defined by elevated plasma levels of high sensitive troponin T (hsTnT). At the follow‐up, a complete examination including echocardiography was performed.ResultsThe 123 patients included were divided into two groups according to the presence of MI during hospitalization: group A (without MI) and group B (with MI). After a median of 85 days, group B patients were more frequently symptomatic for dyspnea and had significantly higher values of hsTnT and N‐Terminal prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT‐proBNP), compared to Group A. No differences between the two groups in left nor right ventricle dimension and ejection fraction were found. However, in group B a significant reduction of mean left ventricle global longitudinal strain was observed (‐15.7±.7 vs ‐18.1± .3 in group A, p < 0.001), together with higher frequency of impaired diastolic function and higher values of pulmonary pressure.ConclusionsIn patients recovered from COVID‐19, echocardiography with speckle‐tracking analysis may be an useful imaging tool to identify subclinical myocardial dysfunction and potentially guide management strategies.
Effect of systolic dysfunction and elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure on 3‐year clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yu HyeYon , Ahn JiHun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSystolic and diastolic dysfunctions are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with sinus rhythm. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe evaluated the data of 114 consecutive patients with persistent AF who underwent measurement of LVEDP at our hospital between March 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014. The patients were divided into two groups according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): LVEF < 50 (reduced ejection fraction, REF group) and LVEF ≥50 (preserved EF, PEF group). The PEF group was further divided into two subgroups according to the left ventricular end‐diastolic filling pressure (LVEDP): LVEDP > 15 mm Hg and LVEDP ≤ 15 mm Hg subgroups. The 3‐year clinical outcomes were compared between the PEF and REF groups and the LVEDP ≥15 mm Hg and LVEDP < 15 mm Hg groups.ResultsDuring the 3‐year follow‐up period, the rate of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and incidence of AF with rapid ventricular rhythm (RVR) were higher in the REF group than in the PEF group. Multivariate analysis revealed that REF was the only significant predictor of HF hospitalization (hazard ratio, 4.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–15.02; p = 0.009).ConclusionsOur mid‐term follow‐up data demonstrated that systolic dysfunction was an important predictor of HF hospitalization in patients with AF. However, elevated LVEDP may not be associated with adverse mid‐term clinical outcomes in patients without systolic dysfunction.
Colour biases in learned foraging preferences in Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Toure M. Wyatt , Reader Simon M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLearning allows animals to adaptively adjust their behaviour in response to variable but predictable environments. Stable aspects of the environment may result in evolved or developmental biases in the systems impacting learning, allowing for improved learning performance according to local ecological conditions. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata), like many animals, show striking colour preferences in foraging and mating contexts and guppy artificial selection experiments have found that the form and progress of evolved responses to coloured stimuli differ depending on stimulus colour. Blue colouration is thought to typically be a relatively unimportant food cue in guppies. This raises the possibility that learned foraging associations with blue objects are formed less readily than with other colours. Here, guppies were rewarded for foraging at green or blue objects in two experiments. Guppies readily foraged from these objects, but learning performance differed with rewarded object colour. With equal amounts of training, the preference for green objects became stronger than the preference for blue objects. These differences in performance were not attributable to differences in initial preferences or to foraging more on one colour during training. These findings suggest that associative pairings within a single sensory modality that do not have a historic relevancy can be more difficult for animals to learn even when there is no clear initial bias present.
Context‐sensitive dance–vocal displays affect song patterns and partner responses in a socially monogamous songbird
Authors: Ota Nao , Gahr Manfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultimodal signaling contributes to efficient communication by improving signal efficacy and increasing signal information. Songbirds often combine dance displays with songs according to the socio‐sexual context; therefore, the song is assumed to function differently depending on dance displays. In this study, we tested how dance displays affect song patterns and the responses of paired partners using male and female blue‐capped cordon‐bleus (Uraeginthus cyanocephalus). Blue‐capped cordon‐bleus are a socially monogamous estrildid finch, and both males and females perform songs and distinct “tap dance”‐like displays. Songs with dance displays were longer and more stereotyped than songs without dance displays in both males and females. Furthermore, both male and female paired partners showed more gestural responses to songs with dance displays than those without dance displays. Songs without dance displays were performed under both isolated and paired conditions, whereas songs with dance displays were only performed when the focal bird was housed with a paired partner. These results suggest that songs had different functions depending on dance displays and social contexts. The multimodal display of blue‐capped cordon‐bleus seems to draw the attention of paired partners to the physical abilities of the performer.
iRhom1 rescues cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis via preventing myelin injury
Authors: Sun Haolu , Yang Hui , Wu Yiwang , Bian Hege , Wang Menglin , Huang Yan , Jin Juan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by myelin sheath injury. A disintegrin and metalloprotease‐17 (ADAM17), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase, is essential in regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) regeneration and remyelination under demyelinating conditions. iRhom1, a highly conserved inactive protease that belongs to the rhomboid family, is one of key regulators for ADAM17 maturation. However, it is unknown whether iRhom1 also plays a role in central neuron system myelination under demyelinating conditions like MS. In this study, we investigated the function of iRhom1/ADAM17 in cognitive capability in MS by establishing the mice with iRhom1 overexpression in the hippocampus.
Foetal tobacco and cannabis exposure, body fat and cardio‐metabolic health in childhood
Authors: Cajachagua‐Torres Kim N. , El Marroun Hanan , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Santos Susana , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundFoetal tobacco and cannabis exposure may have persistent cardio‐metabolic consequences in the offspring.ObjectiveWe examined the associations of maternal and paternal tobacco and cannabis use during pregnancy with offspring body fat and cardio‐metabolic outcomes.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 4792 mothers, fathers, and children, we assessed parental substance use by questionnaires. Childhood outcomes included body mass index (BMI), body fat, blood pressure, and lipid, glucose and insulin concentrations at 10 years.ResultsChildren exposed to maternal tobacco use during pregnancy had a higher android/gynoid fat mass ratio (difference 0.22 SDS, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13, 0.30), fat mass index (difference 0.20 SDS, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.28), triglyceride concentrations (difference 0.15 SDS, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.26), and a higher risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71), compared to non‐exposed. Children exposed to maternal cannabis during pregnancy had a higher BMI (difference 0.26 SDS, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.44), android/gynoid fat mass ratio (difference 0.21 SDS, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.39), and fat‐free mass index (difference 0.24 SDS, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.41), compared to non‐exposed. The associations for paternal substance use with child cardio‐metabolic health outcomes were similar as those for maternal use.ConclusionsSimilar associations for maternal and paternal substance use during pregnancy suggest that these findings may be explained by shared family‐based social and lifestyle factors, rather than by direct foetal programming.
The variation of relative water content, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, stomatal conductance, leaf area, and specific leaf area of Jerusalem artichoke genotypes under different durations of terminal drought in tropical region
Authors: Chaimala Aunchana , Jogloy Sanun , Vorasoot Nimitr , C. Holbrook Corley , Kvien Craig K. , Laohasiriwong Suwit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work assessed the responses of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) genotypes experienced to different durations of terminal drought for relative water content (RWC), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA), investigated the significant contributor of physiological traits to yield and yield reduction and diversity of physiological traits in terminal drought tolerance genotypes. Field research was conducted during the late‐rainy season for 2 years using a split‐plot design with four replications. The three irrigation treatments involved no‐drought (SD0), short (SD1) and long (SD2) durations of terminal drought were arranged as main plots, and sub‐plots were six genotypes of JA. The current study revealed that RWC, SC, LA, and SLA, were drastically reduced whilst SCMR values slightly increased under SD1 and SD2 compared to SD0. According to multiple linear regression indicated that SLA (SD0), and RWC (SD1 and SD2) had high contributions to tuber fresh weight (TFW), whereas SC had a high contribution to TFW reduction under terminal drought. Principal component analysis also confirmed that the diversity of LA, RWC, and SLA had maximized contributing traits, followed by HI, SCMR and SC in these breeding materials of JA under three irrigation treatments. Our finding emphasized that JA125 (low SLA), HEL256 and JA37 (high SLA) lead to the high performance of TFW under SD0, and they exhibited high TFW under SD1 by performing medium RWC. Likewise, JA4 and JA37 had high TFW under SD2 caused by medium RWC. HEL253 and JA60 were identified as terminal drought‐tolerant genotypes because of performed medium SC, which contributed to a low reduction in TFW. Our promising results are the basis for further studies, SLA, RWC and SC are an important keys for screening drought tolerance (low economic yield reduction) and these genotypes studied could be used for parental lines to improved drought tolerance progenies through breeding programs under different durations of terminal drought‐prone areas.
Soybean base saturation stress: Selecting populations for multiple traits using multivariate statistics
Authors: Pantaleão Ariane de Andrea , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Martínez Leandris Argentel , Aguilera Jorge Gonzáles , Campos Cid Naudi Silva , Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Silva Júnior Carlos Antonio da , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the main objectives of soybean breeding programs is the search for genotypes that are both high yielding and tolerant to abiotic stresses. Brazilian Cerrado, the main grain‐producing region in the country, is characterised by naturally acidic and low fertility soils that consequently have low base saturation. Therefore, identifying genotypes with good performance for favourable and low base saturation stress conditions is of fundamental importance for crop improvement. The objective of this study was to select F3 soybean populations for multiple traits under contrasting base saturation conditions. Field experiments were carried out in two crop seasons in randomised block design with three replicates and 10 F3 populations (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9 and P10). In the first experiment, F3 populations were evaluated without base saturation correction (V = 30%, low saturation), while in the second experiment, limestone was applied 3 months before the start to raise the base saturation to 60% (recommended saturation). We evaluated physiological, nutritional, agronomic and spectral variables. Multivariate analysis was performed to know the populations’ performance and the interrelationship between variables and populations in the saturation conditions evaluated. The F3 populations showed differential performance for all traits across the conditions tested, enabling the identification of the best populations for each specific condition and both base saturation environments. Population P2 stood out under both low and recommended base saturation conditions and can be used in F4 plant selection to obtain superior lines for physiological and agronomic traits and vegetation indices.
The effects of different antihypertensive drugs on pain and joint space width of knee osteoarthritis – A comparative study with data from Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zeng Yi , Nie Yong , Wu Yuangang , Liu Yuan , Wu Limin , Xu Jiawen , Shen Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypertension was one common comorbidity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but the effect of different types of antihypertensive drugs on pain and joint space width (JSW) was unclear and not compared. Four hundred ninety KOA patients using one of the beta‐blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), or thiazide diuretics were followed for four years. The blood pressure, cumulative knee replacement rate, Womac pain, and JSW were compared among groups. All data were from the Osteoarthritis Initiative project. The CCBs group has the highest systolic blood pressure, replacement rate, and pain score at most visit timepoints. At baseline, the CCBs group was with significantly higher pain score than the beta‐blockers group (3.3 vs 1.3, p < .05), the angiotensin receptor blockers group (3.3 vs 1.4, p < .05), and the thiazide diuretics group (3.3 vs 1.6, p < .05) in male; the CCBs group was with significantly higher pain score than the beta‐blockers group (3.8 vs 2.0, p < .01), and the angiotensin receptor blockers group (3.8 vs 2.2, p < .05) in female. The results of females at 36 months were similar to the baseline. Among the common antihypertensive drugs, CCBs were associated with high replacement rates, high pain scores, and less JSW in KOA patients.
Comparing blood culture contamination rates by different sampling methods in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Megged Orli , Dorembus Sara , Ben‐Shalom Efrat , Heiman Eyal 
Published: October 2021

AimBlood culture contamination (BCC) can cause unnecessary hospitalisations and inappropriate use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find risk factors associated with BCCs in children and to compare contamination rates between open and closed blood culture collection systems.MethodsData were prospectively collected regarding blood cultures obtained in the paediatric emergency department from February 26, 2020, to September 30, 2020, based on the method of drawing blood reported by the obtaining physician. A comparison between contaminated and non‐contaminated blood cultures was performed. We also compared the composition of the contaminations in the study period to the same period in 2019.ResultsA total of 512 blood cultures were included, 33 (6.4%) of which were contaminated. The only parameter that was associated with an increased rate of contamination by 2.34 fold (95% CI 1.1–4.99, P = 0.028) was obtaining blood through an ‘open’ system, using a syringe connected to a needle in order to draw blood from an open ended needle. The proportion of contaminations originating from oral flora decreased in the study period by 44.7% as compared to the same period in the previous year (13% vs. 23.5%, P = 0.056).Conclusions‘Open system’ method, which is commonly used in paediatric emergency departments for blood culture obtainment, was associated with an increase in BCC. Adherence to blood cultures obtainment guidelines, even at the price of two different blood tests, is important in order to reduce BCC rates in children.
A revised trapped melt model for iron meteorites applied to the IIIAB group
Authors: Chabot Nancy L. , Zhang Bidong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the largest magmatic iron meteorite group, the IIIAB group is often used to investigate the process of core crystallization in asteroid‐sized bodies. However, previous IIIAB crystallization models have not succeeded in both explaining the scatter among IIIAB irons around the main crystallization trends and using elemental partitioning behavior consistent with experimental determinations. This study outlines a revised approach for modeling the crystallization of irons that uses experimentally determined partition coefficients and can reproduce the IIIAB trends and their associated scatter for 12 siderophile elements simultaneously. A key advancement of this revised trapped melt model is the inclusion of an effect on the resulting solid metal composition due to the formation of troilite. The revised trapped melt model supports the previous conclusion that trapped melt played an important role in the genesis of IIIAB irons and matches the trace element fractionation trends observed in the Cape York suite as due to different amounts of trapped melt. Applying the revised trapped melt model to 16 elements as well as S and Fe, the bulk composition of the IIIAB core is found to have a composition consistent with that expected from a chondritic precursor for refractory siderophile elements but with evidence for depletions of more volatile elements. The bulk S composition of the IIIAB core is estimated as 9 ± 1 wt%, implying that a substantial amount of S‐rich material from the IIIAB core is underrepresented in our meteorite collections. Future applications of the revised trapped melt model to other magmatic iron meteorite groups can enable comparisons between the core compositions and crystallization processes across the early solar system.
Agricultural intensification alters marbled newt genetic diversity and gene flow through density and dispersal reduction
Authors: Gauffre Bertrand , Boissinot Alexandre , Quiquempois Vincent , Leblois Raphael , Grillet Pierre , Morin Sophie , Picard Damien , Ribout Cécile , Lourdais Olivier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent agricultural intensification threatens global biodiversity with amphibians being one of the most impacted groups. Because of their biphasic life cycle, amphibians are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation that often result in small, isolated populations and loss of genetic diversity. Here, we studied how landscape heterogeneity affects genetic diversity, gene flow and demographic parameters in the marbled newt,Triturus marmoratus, over a hedgerow network landscape in Western France. While the northern part of the study area consists of preserved hedged farmland, the southern part was more profoundly converted for intensive arable crops production after WWII. Based on 67 sampled ponds and 10 microsatellite loci, we characterized regional population genetic structure and evaluated the correlation between landscape variables and (i) local genetic diversity using mixed models and (ii) genetic distance using multiple regression methods and commonality analysis. We identified a single genetic population characterized by a spatially heterogeneous isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Pond density in the surrounding landscape positively affected local genetic diversity while arable crop land cover negatively affected gene flow and connectivity. We used demographic inferences to quantitatively assess differences in effective population density and dispersal between the contrasted landscapes characterizing the northern and southern parts of the study area. Altogether, results suggest recent land conversion affectedT.marmoratusthrough reduction in both effective population density and dispersal due to habitat loss and reduced connectivity.