bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the suckling period and application pattern relevant for fluazuron against tick infestation in cows and their suckling calves?
Authors: Suárez Gonzalo , Robaina Diego , Muela Agustina , Tatiana Saporiti , Puigvert Florencia , Alvariza Silvana , Pareja Lucia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Fluazuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor administered as a pour-on formulation in cattle for tick control. This study analyzes under endemic tick infestation, the incidence of the pour-on application pattern on the plasma levels of fluazuron in calves and cows in the lactation period of the beef cow. Two hundred and ninety-two beef cows around parturition were treated with a commercial pour-on formulation of fluazuron at a rate of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight. A total of 4 treatments were carried out on days 0, 32, 77, and 117. At each administration time, the cows were grouped according to the pour-on administration pattern: long (~ 60 cm pour-on application surface) and short (~ 30 cm pour-on application surface). Fluazuron levels in cows and calves plasma were determined before the third and fourth application for each subgroup (n = 10) by HPLC-MS/MS. During the entire study, cow-calf pairs were maintained under field conditions and qualitatively examined for tick infestation on the day of each treatment. Both treatments (long and short) schemes were designed to prevent the annual persistence of ticks.

Results
No animals with presence of ticks were identified during the first 117 days of the study, except for three cows and one calf at the time of the third application (day 77). There were no differences after 40 days (day 77) post-treatment of the second application (30 ± 5 ppb vs. 28.5 ± 12 ppb, p > 0.05) and 45 days (day 117) after the third application (147 ± 55 ppb vs 140 ± 46 ppb, p > 0.05) between groups of cows treated with the long or short pour-on application, respectively. Plasma concentration of fluazuron at second and third application was increased (3.3 and 2.9 times, respectively) in calves under free suckling compared to cows. Nevertheless, both groups of cows and calves showed a significant increase in plasma concentration of fluazuron between times (4.9 times, p < 0.0001 and 2.8 times, p < 0.0001, respectively). In both groups, tick prevalence was 0% throughout the trial, except for day 77, which reached 1%.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of this study were the following: 1) Different administration patterns (long vs. short) did not differ in plasma levels of fluazuron.; 2) Given that only the cows were treated and lactating calves presented higher plasma levels of fluazuron than cows, passage through milk appears to be relevant and possibly due to a cumulative effect and continuous drug intake.
Tumor-antigens and immune landscapes identification for prostate adenocarcinoma mRNA vaccine
Authors: Zheng Xiaonan , Xu Hang , Yi Xianyanling , Zhang Tianyi , Wei Qiang , Li Hong , Ai Jianzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProstate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a leading cause of death among men. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine presents an attractive approach to achieve satisfactory outcomes; however, tumor antigen screening and vaccination candidates show a bottleneck in this field. We aimed to investigate the tumor antigens for mRNA vaccine development and immune subtypes for choosing appropriate patients for vaccination. We identified eight overexpressed and mutated tumor antigens with poor prognostic value of PRAD, including KLHL17, CPT1B, IQGAP3, LIME1, YJEFN3, KIAA1529, MSH5 and CELSR3. The correlation of those genes with antigen-presenting immune cells were assessed. We further identified three immune subtypes of PRAD (PRAD immune subtype [PIS] 1–3) with distinct clinical, molecular, and cellular characteristics. PIS1 showed better survival and immune cell infiltration, nevertheless, PIS2 and PIS3 showed cold tumor features with poorer prognosis and higher tumor genomic instability. Moreover, these immune subtypes presented distinguished association with immune checkpoints, immunogenic cell death modulators, and prognostic factors of PRAD. Furthermore, immune landscape characterization unraveled the immune heterogeneity among patients with PRAD. To summarize, our study suggests KLHL17, CPT1B, IQGAP3, LIME1, YJEFN3, KIAA1529, MSH5 and CELSR3 are potential antigens for PRAD mRNA vaccine development, and patients in the PIS2 and PIS3 groups are more suitable for vaccination.
Network DEA based on DEA-ratio
Authors: Akbarian Dariush 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique to measure the performance of decision-making units (DMUs). Conventional DEA treats DMUs as black boxes and the internal structure of DMUs is ignored. Two-stage DEA models are special case network DEA models that explore the internal structures of DMUs. Most often, one output cannot be produced by certain input data and/or the data may be expressed as ratio output/input. In these cases, traditional two-stage DEA models can no longer be used. To deal with these situations, we applied DEA-Ratio (DEA-R) to evaluate two-stage DMUs instead of traditional DEA. To this end, we developed two novel DEA-R models, namely, range directional DEA-R (RDD-R) and (weighted) Tchebycheff norm DEA-R (TND-R). The validity and reliability of our proposed approaches are shown by some examples. The Taiwanese non-life insurance companies are revisited using these proposed approaches and the results from the proposed methods are compared with those from some other methods.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Indian adolescents associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report
Authors: Bhiwgade Rahul D. , Nischitha M. C. , Shahare Bhushan , Bitey Shobhna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can present with shock and myocardial injury and mimic Kawasaki disease.

Case presentation
We describe 4 previously well adolescents (age 13–14 years), presenting with clinical features of MIS in children (MIS-C). All patients had nearly similar clinical presentation. Hematological investigations revealed elevated inflammatory markers, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and decreased neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. All patients were negative on real-time polymerase chain reaction against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, but had elevated immunoglobulin G titers. Two patients had atypical Kawasaki disease. Three patients had severe disease with hypotensive shock and required intensive care with fluids and inotropes. Two patients required non-invasive respiratory support for dyspnea and one patient had biventricular dysfunction. All received empiric antibiotics, low-molecular weight heparin, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin. One patient succumbed, while others recovered well.

Conclusions
MIS-C may be a late presentation in adolescent with COVID-19. Individualized treatment with empiric antibiotics, immunomodulation, and thromboprophylaxis can result in significantly better outcome.
Improving Familial Hypercholesterolemia Diagnosis Using an EMR-based Hybrid Diagnostic Model
Authors: Eid Wael E , Sapp Emma Hatfield , Wendt Abby , Lumpp Amity , Miller Carl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) confers a greatly increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease, but remains very underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care populations.

Objective
We assessed whether using a hybrid model consisting of 2 existing FH diagnostic criteria coupled with electronic medical record (EMR) data would accurately identify patients with FH in a Midwest US metropolitan healthcare system.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, records-based, cross-sectional study using datasets from unique EMRs of living patients. Using Structured Query Language to identify components of 2 currently approved FH diagnostic criteria, we created a hybrid model to identify individuals with FH.

Results
Of 264 264 records analyzed, between 794 and 1571 patients were identified as having FH based on the hybrid diagnostic model, with a prevalence of 1:300 to 1:160. These patients had a higher prevalence of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) (38-58%) than the general population (1.8%) and higher than those having a high CAD risk but no FH (10%). Although most patients were receiving lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), only 50% were receiving guideline-recommended high-intensity LLT.

Conclusion
Using the hybrid model, we identified FH with a higher clinical and genetic detection rate than using standard diagnostic criteria individually. Statin and other LLT use were suboptimal and below guideline recommendations. Because FH underdiagnosis and undertreatment are due partially to the challenges of implementing existing diagnostic criteria in a primary care setting, this hybrid model potentially can improve FH diagnosis and subsequent early access to appropriate treatment.
A Critique of “Mascquerade”
Authors: Branciforte Joshua J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article begins by identifying the demand for “masc” in gay male digital cultures as a repressive phenomenon. Drawing on a key queer alt-right text by Jack Donovan in which “masc” is explicitly theorized, it shows that its disciplinary logic is distinct from homonormativity. The homo/hetero binary is explicitly rejected, and the perverse structure is weaponized as a repressive mechanism suited to a postnormative environment. Under these conditions, critiques of normativity and homonationalism are unable to provide an effective counter because the subjects they address have stopped caring. The article describes perverse homogenization processes as “homotribalism,” arguing that they provide an erotic basis for ethnonationalism. It then provides a detailed reading of Call Me by Your Name (2017), claiming that its striking contemporary relevance during the first year of the Trump administration followed from working through the question of homotribal desire within liberalism.
Understanding constipation in adults
Authors: Perry Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Constipation is a common problem which can affect any age and ethnicity and is a frequent reason for patients to seek advice from health professionals. Margaret Perry looks at the risk factors, patient management and potential complications Constipation is a common problem which can affect any age and any ethnicity and is a frequent reason for patients to seek advice from health professionals. Symptoms can vary widely from mild to severe and can impact on quality of life. Given the frequency of its occurrence, it is very likely that nurses and non-medical prescribers will be asked for advice by patients. This article will therefore look at risk factors, patient management and potential complications and hopes to provide useful information for any clinicians who may be approached for advice and guidance in dealing with this condition.
SELF-DIGITAL E A (RE)PRODUÇÃO DE IMAGENS ORGANIZACIONAIS NAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Tatiane Rodrugues , Laus-Gomes Victor 
Published: December 2021

A proliferação do uso das imagens é uma realidade da comunicação digital. Com base nos pressupostos da teoria da complexidade, observa-se que a interação com as imagens das empresas, ao longo do tempo, constrói um processo identificatório e relacional com os usuários no ambiente digital. As imagens (re)produzem narrativas essenciais para a construção de identidades e do self-digital das organizações. Neste artigo são analisadas imagens do Instagram do banco público brasileiro Caixa Econômica Federal.
Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married women of reproductive age in Bishoftu town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Garo Megersa , Garoma Abe Sileshi , Dugasa Girsha Worku , Daka Dawit Wolde 
Published: December 2021

Background
Unmet family planning is one of the common causes for low contraceptive prevalence rates in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Rapid urbanization had profound effect on population health, however, little is known about the unmet need of family planning in settings where there was increased industrializations and internal migrations in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the unmet need for family planning services among currently married women and identify factors associated with it in Bishoftu town, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January to 28th February, 2021 among 847 randomly sampled currently married women of the reproductive age group. Data were collected using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable and a 95% confidence interval was used to declare the presence of statistical significance associations.

Results
Eight hundred twenty-eight women were participated in the study. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning among currently married women was 26% [95% CI: 23,29]. Maternal age [AOR, 3.00, 95% CI:1.51–5.95], educational status [AOR, 2.49, 95% CI:1.22–5.07], occupational status of self-employee [AOR, 1.98, 95% CI:1.15–3.39] and housewife [AOR, 1.78, 95% CI:1.02–3.12], being visited by health care provider in the last 12 months [AOR, 1.81, 95% CI: 1.26–2.60] and desired number of children less than two [AOR, 1.53, 95% CI:1.01–2.30] were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.

Conclusions
Unmet need for family planning was higher in the study area compared with the United Nations sphere standard of unmet need for family planning and the national average, and slightly lower than the regional average. Socio-demographic, economic, and health institution factors were determinants of the unmet need for family planning in the study area. Therefore, health education and behaviour change communication related to family planning services should be strengthened and access to family planning services should be improved.
Very low-calorie diet in patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study of real-world outcomes
Authors: Nana Melanie , Moore Sacha , Loganathan Riyanath , Williams Victoria , Rahman Mohammad , Jennings Elaine , Dixon Anthony , Bondugulapati LN Rao 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: There is a paucity of evidence regarding the efficacy of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) in the real-world setting. We evaluated outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent VLCD.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included all patients who had undergone VLCD from 2014 to 2017 (n=61). The VLCD consisted of an eight-week 800 kcal/day dietary restriction. Metabolic parameters and medications were recorded at baseline, immediately post-VLCD and at 6 and 12 months.
Results: There was a significant reduction in weight of 9.96 kg (p<0.001) immediately post-VLCD, with net weight loss sustained to 12 months (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) sustained to 12 months (p<0.05). Paired HbA1c data were available for 38 patients. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c of 13.29 mmol/mol immediately post-VLCD (p<0.001), however no significant reduction was observed at 12 months (p>0.05). 78.7% patients had a reduction in T2DM medication burden post-VLCD, sustained in 44.3% of patients at 12 months. Analysis of patients with T2DM diagnosis duration >6 years demonstrated statistically significant weight loss sustained to 12 months (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate sustained reduction in BMI and weight, reduction in medication burden and temporary reduction in HbA1c in patients with T2DM undertaking a VLCD in the real-world setting
A variant in the CASR gene (c.368T>C) causing hypocalcemia refractory to standard medical therapy
Authors: Festas Silva Diana , De Sousa Lages Adriana , Caetano Joana Serra , Cardoso Rita , Dinis Isabel , Gomes Leonor , Paiva Isabel , Mirante Alice 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by low or inappropriately normal parathormone production, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) type 1 is one of the genetic etiologies of hypoparathyroidism caused by heterozygous activating mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene. Current treatments for ADH type 1 include supplementation with calcium and active vitamin D. We report a case of hypoparathyroidism in an adolescent affected by syncope without prodrome. The genetic testing revealed a variant in the CASR gene. Due to standard therapy ineffectiveness, the patient was treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–34), magnesium aspartate and calcitriol. He remained asymptomatic and without neurological sequelae until adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to achieve clinical stability.

Learning points

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) type 1 is one of the genetic etiologies of hypoparathyroidism caused by heterozygous activating mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene.

The variant c.368T>C (p.Leu123Ser) in heterozygosity in the CASR gene is likely pathogenic and suggests the diagnosis of ADH type 1.

Teriparatide (recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1–34) may be a valid treatment option to achieve clinical stability for those individuals whose condition is poorly controlled by current standard therapy.
Pheochromocytoma due to a novel SDHD variant presenting as unilateral visual loss
Authors: Miller Clare , Pazderska Agnieszka , Reynolds John , Gou Patricia , Dunne Barbara , McElhinney Kealan , Owens Lisa 
Published: December 2021

Summary
A 53-year-old female presented to a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre complaining of unilateral painless loss of vision. Subsequent assessment revealed malignant hypertension causing right-sided cystoid macular oedema. During the course of secondary hypertension workup, she was diagnosed with a 7.8 cm phaeochromocytoma which was resected. Testing for a panel of all predisposing phaeochromocytoma-causing variants using next-generation sequencing resulted in the diagnosis of a novel SDHD variant.

Learning points

Screening for secondary causes of hypertension is indicated when there is evidence of hypertension-mediated end-organ damage (1).

Testing for a predisposing variant should be considered in all patients with phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma due to the high heritability rate and prevalence of somatic variants (2, 3, 4).

Novel variants are commonly uncovered in the Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) subunit; proving pathogenicity is a complex, time-consuming process and one challenge of next-generation sequencing (3).

SDHB immunohistochemistry as a tool for demonstrating pathogenicity is associated with reduced sensitivity when assessing SDHD variants (5, 6).
The glucagon receptor antagonist LY2409021 has no effect on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hædersdal Sofie , Lund Asger , Maagensen Henrik , Nielsen-Hannerup Elisabeth , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Rosenkilde Mette M , Forman Julie L , van Hall Gerrit , Holst Jens J , Knop Filip K , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology includes fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonemia, which has been linked to hyperglycemia via increased endogenous glucose production (EGP). We used a glucagon receptor antagonist (LY2409021) and stable isotope tracer infusions to investigate the consequences of hyperglucagonemia in T2D.

Design
A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted.

Methods
Ten patients with T2D and ten matched non-diabetic controls underwent two liquid mixed meal tests preceded by single-dose administration of LY2409021 (100 mg) or placebo. Double-tracer technique was used to quantify EGP. Antagonist selectivity toward related incretin receptors was determined in vitro.

Results
Compared to placebo, LY2409021 lowered the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 9.1 to 7.1 mmol/L in patients and from 5.6 to 5.0 mmol/L in controls (both P < 0.001) by mechanisms involving reduction of EGP. Postprandial plasma glucose excursions (baseline-subtracted area under the curve) were unaffected by LY2409021 in patients and increased in controls compared to placebo. Glucagon concentrations more than doubled during glucagon receptor antagonism. The antagonist interfered with both glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors, complicating the interpretation of the postprandial data.

Conclusions
LY2409021 lowered FPG concentrations but did not improve postprandial glucose tolerance after a meal in patients with T2D and controls. The metabolic consequences of postprandial hyperglucagonemia are difficult to evaluate using LY2409021 because of its antagonizing effects on the incretin receptors.
A CULTURA PODE EVOLUIR ?
Authors: Abrantes Paulo C. 
Published: December 2021

(Este artigo faz parte de um projeto da Trans/Form/Ação: revista de filosofia da Unesp. Trata-se do Dossiê Filosofia Autoral, a ser publicado em 2022.)
O artigo parte de uma distinção entre tipos de descrição que podem ser propostas para uma dinâmica populacional, incluindo uma descrição ‘darwiniana’ em termos de variação, herança e aptidão diferencial, envolvendo as entidades que compõem a população relevante. Em seguida, propõe-se uma categorização de tipos de populações culturais e investiga-se as condições mais gerais que precisam ser satisfeitas para que as dinâmicas dessas populações tenham um caráter evolutivo e darwiniano, em especial a população composta pelos próprios traços culturais. Destacamos algumas abordagens da evolução na linhagem hominínea, como a teoria da dupla herança e a memética, que concedem à evolução cultural um lugar privilegiado nos seus cenários. Essas abordagens contribuem, desse modo, para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria geral da evolução cultural, e as comparamos, nesse tocante, com outras abordagens, como a psicologia evolucionista. Esses confrontos também permitem ilustrar analogias entre a evolução biológica e a evolução cultural, bem como falhas na analogia.