bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome is affected by gut region but robust to host physiological changes in captive active-season ground squirrels
Authors: Grond Kirsten , Kurtz Courtney C. , Hatton Jasmine , Sonsalla Michelle M. , Duddleston Khrystyne N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) are obligate hibernators and are only active 4–5 months annually. During this period, squirrels rapidly acquire fat for use during hibernation. We investigated how the gut microbiome changed over the active season in the mucosa and lumen of two gut sections: the cecum and ileum. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to assess diversity and composition of the squirrel gut microbiome and used differential abundance and network analyses to identify relationships among gut sections.ResultsMicrobial composition significantly differed between the cecum and ileum, and within the ileum between the mucosa and lumen. Cecum mucosa and lumen samples did not differ in alpha diversity and composition, and clustered by individual squirrel. Ileum mucosa and lumen samples differed in community composition, which can likely be attributed to the transient nature of food-associated bacteria in the lumen. We did not detect a shift in microbiome diversity and overall composition over the duration of the active season, indicating that the squirrel microbiome may be relatively robust to changes in physiology.ConclusionsOverall, we found that the 13-lined ground squirrel microbiome is shaped by microenvironment during the active season. Our results provide baseline data for new avenues of research, such as investigating potential differences in microbial function among these physiologically unique gut environments.
Breast involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report
Authors: Basetti Bhavya , Periakaruppan Gokulakrishnan , Murali Arunan , Dev Bhawna , Radhakrishnan Prabhu Radhan , Sai P. M. Venkata 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis is a rare complex immune-mediated disease and a multisystem disorder with varying presentations where many of the imaging features of GPA overlap with those of other diseases, and hence its diagnosis can be challenging.

Case presentation
Here we report a case of a 48-year-old female who presented with complaints of hemoptysis, difficulty in speech, bilateral progressive hearing loss and, a palpable lump in the right breast. The case was initially misdiagnosed as breast carcinoma but biopsy proved to be GPA. Here we present the multisystem manifestations of GPA involving the head and neck, breast, lungs, spleen with involvement of the breast being very rare. The breast lesion showed improvement with steroids on follow-up.

Conclusions
GPA is a multisystem disease and though breast lesions in GPA are rare, a thorough knowledge about this uncommon manifestation is required and clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation is of utmost importance in the evaluation of a breast lesion in cases of multisystem involvement to avoid unnecessary surgeries. The differential diagnosis of breast tumors should include such rare conditions that can sometimes mimic breast cancer. Early diagnosis and initiation of the immunosuppressive treatment help in a better prognosis of the disease.
The homeobox gene TGIF1 is required for chicken ovarian cortical development and generation of the juxtacortical medulla
Authors: Estermann Martin Andres , Hirst Claire Elizabeth , Major Andrew Thomas , Smith Craig Allen 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
During early embryogenesis in amniotic vertebrates, the gonads differentiate into either ovaries or testes. The first cell lineage to differentiate gives rise to the supporting cells: Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. These key cell types direct the differentiation of the other cell types in the gonad, including steroidogenic cells. The gonadal surface epithelium and the interstitial cell populations are less well studied, and little is known about their sexual differentiation programs. Here, we show the requirement of the homeobox transcription factor gene TGIF1 for ovarian development in the chicken embryo. TGIF1 is expressed in the two principal ovarian somatic cell populations: the cortex and the pre-granulosa cells of the medulla. TGIF1 expression is associated with an ovarian phenotype in estrogen-mediated sex reversal experiments. Targeted misexpression and gene knockdown indicate that TGIF1 is required, but not sufficient, for proper ovarian cortex formation. In addition, TGIF1 is identified as the first known regulator of juxtacortical medulla development. These findings provide new insights into chicken ovarian differentiation and development, specifically cortical and juxtacortical medulla formation.
A decade of multi-modality PET and MR imaging in abdominal oncology
Authors: Min Lisa A. , Castagnoli Francesca , Vogel Wouter V. , Vellenga Jisk P. , van Griethuysen Joost J.M. , Lahaye Max J. , Maas Monique , Beets Tan Regina G.H. , Lambregts Doenja M.J. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
To investigate trends observed in a decade of published research on multimodality PET(/CT)+MR imaging in abdominal oncology, and to explore how these trends are reflected by the use of multimodality imaging performed at our institution.

Methods:
First, we performed a literature search (2009–2018) including all papers published on the multimodality combination of PET(/CT) and MRI in abdominal oncology. Retrieved papers were categorized according to a structured labelling system, including study design and outcome, cancer and lesion type under investigation and PET-tracer type. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and evolutions over time were plotted graphically. Second, we performed a descriptive analysis of the numbers of MRI, PET/CT and multimodality PET/CT+MRI combinations (performed within a ≤14 days interval) performed during a similar time span at our institution.

Results:
Published research papers involving multimodality PET(/CT)+MRI combinations showed an impressive increase in numbers, both for retrospective combinations of PET/CT and MRI, as well as hybrid PET/MRI. Main areas of research included new PET-tracers, visual PET(/CT)+MRI assessment for staging, and (semi-)quantitative analysis of PET-parameters compared to or combined with MRI-parameters as predictive biomarkers. In line with literature, we also observed a vast increase in numbers of multimodality PET/CT+MRI imaging in our institutional data.

Conclusions:
The tremendous increase in published literature on multimodality imaging, reflected by our institutional data, shows the continuously growing interest in comprehensive multivariable imaging evaluations to guide oncological practice.

Advances in knowledge:
The role of multimodality imaging in oncology is rapidly evolving. This paper summarizes the main applications and recent developments in multimodality imaging, with a specific focus on the combination of PET+MRI in abdominal oncology.
Personalization from Customer Data Aggregation Using List Price
Authors: Xu Zibin , Dukes Anthony 
Published: August 2021

When consumers’ inferences of their reservation values are subject to environmental noise, firms can use customer data aggregation to obtain superior knowledge. This facilitates personalized pricing but may also induce consumer suspicions of overpaying. To alleviate the suspicions and convince consumers of their value, the firm may design its personalization scheme to include a list price in addition to the personalized prices. We find that only a separating equilibrium with list pricing survives the intuitive criterion. Specifically, when consumers underestimate their value, it is essential to use a binding list price to inform the consumers about the market’s price ceiling. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, the firm cannot abuse its informational advantage to steer consumers into overestimation, and price discrimination may strictly benefit the consumers who avoid overpaying. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.
High-efficiency Ho:YLF slab laser with 125  W continuous-wave output power
Authors: Wang Qingchen , Long Qunlong , Gao Yuan , Xue Jianyong , Xu Zhaopeng , Mao Yefei , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a compact and efficient Ho:YLF slab laser that is pumped by a self-made Tm:YAP slab laser. The maximum output power of 125 W at 2064 nm was obtained with the incident pump power of 245 W. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for an Ho:YLF laser oscillator to reach hundred-watts-level output power. The slope efficiency with respect to the incident pump power was 62.5%, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 51%. The RMS instability of the maximum output power was measured to be 0.24% in 30 min. The beam quality factors

M

2

were 475 and 1.59 in the

x

and

y

directions, respectively.
Coupling scheme for graphene saturable absorber in a linear cavity mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Hua Kuo , Wang D. N. 
Published: August 2021

A saturable absorber based on a graphene layer covered single-mode fiber with inner short waveguides is proposed and demonstrated for a linear cavity Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser. A pair of short waveguides is written in the fiber by using femtosecond micromachining technology, and the propagating light is guided by one short waveguide to the cladding-air interface and interacts with the graphene layer in the form of evanescent waves before being collected back to the core by another short waveguide, and, as a result, the saturable absorption is excited. The designed saturable absorber is used in the passively mode-locked fiber laser to generate traditional soliton mode-locked pulse output with the center wavelength of 1564.9 nm and pulse width of 758 fs at the fundamental frequency of 22.58 MHz. The fabricated saturable absorber device is stable in operation, compact in structure, safe for thermal damage, and can effectively overcome the shortcomings of poor robustness of the saturable absorbers based on a tapered fiber and D-shaped fiber. This provides a new optical coupling scheme for saturable absorbers based on 2D materials such as graphene and has great potential application in the field of ultrashort pulse lasers.
Akzeptanz und Effekte der Digitalisierung in der Hochschulverwaltung
Authors: Lemcke Stefanie , Lehmann Ariane , Trommler Denny , Lucke Ulrike 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungWie in allen Bereichen des öffentlichen Sektors werden auch Verwaltungsleistungen und -prozesse an Universitäten zunehmend digitalisiert. Dabei liegt der Fokus oftmals auf dem studentischen Lebenszyklus, doch auch die Ressourcen-Verwaltung, wie beispielsweise die Personal- und Finanzverwaltung, werden verstärkt digital unterstützt. Dabei stehen oft Effizienzsteigerungen im Vordergrund. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind zudem die Nutzungsorientierung und die Auswirkungen der umgesetzten Lösungen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Studie vorgestellt, die am Beispiel der internen Genehmigungsprozesse von Beschaffungsanträgen und Drittmittelanzeigen an der Universität Potsdam untersucht, ob eine digitale Unterstützung durch das dafür eingeführte System die erwarteten Vorteile aufweist. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zur erreichbaren Effizienzsteigerung werden nun auch die Kriterien Benutzungsfreundlichkeit und Akzeptanz in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Dafür wurden neben Datenerhebungen im System auch Nutzendenbefragungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse im Bereich Effizienz bestätigen die Aussagen der ersten Studie, dass nur in bestimmten Verwaltungsbereichen beziehungsweise Prozessschritten die Effizienz des Arbeitens durch den Einsatz digitaler Medien gestiegen ist. Diese werden nun in Empfehlungen für notwendige Ressourcen-Verschiebungen im Zuge der Digitalisierung der Verwaltung überführt. Darüber hinaus konnten detaillierte Hinweise abgeleitet werden, durch welche Hilfsfunktionen im digitalen Prozess das Arbeiten unterstützt wird und wie diese in den verschiedenen Bearbeitungsschritten genutzt werden. Zudem ergeben sich aus der Studie Erkenntnisse über die wahrgenommene Arbeitserleichterung und Transparenz in verschiedenen Bearbeitungsschritten. Diese und weitere Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung werden ausgewertet und diskutiert.
Are neighbourhoods of tuberculosis cases a high-risk population for active intervention? A protocol for tuberculosis active case finding
Authors: Alisjahbana Bachti , Koesoemadinata Raspati Cundarani , Hadisoemarto Panji Fortuna , Lestari Bony Wiem , Hartati Sri , Chaidir Lidya , Huang Chuan-Chin , Murray Megan , Hill Philip Campbell , McAllister Susan Margaret 
Published: August 2021

Background
Indonesia has the second largest tuberculosis (TB) burden globally. Attempts to scale-up TB control efforts have focused on TB households. However, in most high burden settings, considerable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission occurs outside TB households. A better understanding of transmission dynamics in an urban setting in Indonesia will be crucial for the TB Control Program in scaling up efforts towards elimination of TB in a more targeted way. Therefore, the study aims to measure TB prevalence and incidence in household contacts and neighbourhoods in the vicinity of known TB cases and to assess their genomic and epidemiological relatedness.

Methods and analysis
Individuals (~1000) living in the same household as a case diagnosed with pulmonary TB (n = 250) or in a neighbouring household (~4500 individuals) will be screened for TB symptoms and by chest x-ray. Two sputum samples will be collected for microbiological analysis from anyone with a productive cough. Any person found to have TB will be treated by the National TB Control Program. All those with no evidence of TB disease will have a repeat screen at 12 months. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and social network analysis (SNA) will be conducted on Index cases and contacts diagnosed with TB.
What it takes to save lives: An assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in temporary COVID-19 isolation and treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia: A mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Tamene Aiggan 
Published: August 2021

Background
Quality water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities act as barricades to the transmission of COVID-19 in health care facilities. These facilities ought to also be available, accessible, and functional in temporary treatment centers. Despite numerous studies on health care facilities, however, there is limited information on the status of WASH facilities in such centers.

Methods
The assessment of health care facilities for the COVID-19 response checklist and key informant interviews, were used for data collection. 35 treatment centers in Southern Ethiopia were surveyed. Eightkey informants were interviewed to gain an understanding of the WASH conditions in the treatment centers. The Quantitative data was entered using EPI-INFO 7 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Open Code 4.02 was used for the thematic analysis of the qualitative data.

Results
Daily water supply interruptions occurred at 27 (77.1%) of the surveyed sites. Only 30 (85.72%) had bathrooms that were segregated for personnel and patients, and only 3 (3.57%) had toilets that were handicapped accessible. 20(57.2%) of the treatment centers did not have a hand hygiene protocol that satisfied WHO guidelines. In terms of infection prevention and control, 16 (45.71%) of the facilities lacked adequate personal protective equipment stocks. Between urban and rural areas, there was also a significant difference in latrine maintenance, hand hygiene protocol design and implementation, and incineration capacity.

Conclusion
The results reveal crucial deficiencies in the provision of WASH in the temporary COVID-19 treatment centers. Efforts to improve WASH should offer priority to hygiene service interventions to minimize the risk of healthcare-acquired infections. The sustainable provision of hygiene services, such as hand washing soap, should also be given priority.
Association of high myopia with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hypertension
Authors: Lee Min-Woo , Lim Hyung-Bin , Koo Hyung-Moon , Lee Young-Hoon , Kim Jung-Yeul 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To identify the impacts of hypertension (HTN), high myopia, and the combination thereof on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness.

Methods
All subjects were divided into four groups: control (group 1); patients with HTN without high myopia (group 2); patients with high myopia without HTN (group 3); and patients with both HTN and high myopia (group 4). The pRNFL thicknesses were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting pRNFL thickness in subjects with and without HTN.

Results
The mean pRNFL thicknesses were 93.9±8.8, 88.7±6.8, 86.4±8.1, and 82.5±9.6 μm in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and differed significantly (P<0.001). On multivariate linear regression analyses, age (β = -0.181, P = 0.044), axial length (β = -1.491, P<0.001), and HTN (β = -4.876, P = 0.044) significantly affected pRNFL thickness. Additionally, age and axial length affected the pRNFL thickness in subjects with HTN (age, β = -0.254, P = 0.020; axial length, β = -1.608, P<0.001) much more than in subjects without HTN (age, β = -0.028, P = 0.712; axial length, β = -1.324, P<0.001).

Conclusions
High myopia and HTN affected pRNFL reduction and a combination of the 2 diseases exacerbated pRNFL damage. This could be a confounding factor in interpreting pRNFL thickness in patients with ophthalmic diseases affecting the pRNFL thickness when combined with the 2 diseases.
Formação e estilização ortográfica de nomes sociais de pessoas transgêneros
Authors: Souza Josy Maria Alves de , Prado Natália Cristine 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho objetiva investigar os processos de formação de nomes sociais de pessoas trans, observando sua relação com os prenomes desses sujeitos. Como objetivos secundários, pretende-se investigar se ocorre estilização ortográfica das renomeações e se os nomes adotados são usuais do Português Brasileiro. O estudo tem uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e foi realizado a partir de um corpus constituído de 50 nomes sociais de transgêneros que responderam questionário na plataforma Google.doc. Constatamos que, majoritariamente, as pessoas transgêneros preferem nome social sem identidade morfológica com o nome que lhe fora atribuído ao nascimento. Dentre os nomes com identidade morfológica, observou-se que os processos de formação mais utilizados são: derivação, flexão e braquissemia. Constatou-se que 82% dos nomes sociais são usuais do Português Brasileiro e, desses, 58% são dicionarizados, 14% são variantes dicionarizadas e 43% apresentam ortografia estilizada por duplicação consonantal, inserção ou troca de grafemas. Em relação aos aspectos identitários e às renomeações, as pessoas transgêneros que colaboraram com esta pesquisa marcam, no seu nome social, um distanciamento entre a primeira e a sua nova identidade de gênero.
Sustained Use of the Impella 5.0 Heart Pump Enables Bridge to Clinical Decisions in 34 Patients
Authors: Nelson Daniel W. , Sundararajan Sakthi , Klein Evan , Joyce Lyle D. , Durham Lucian A. , Joyce David L. , Mohammed Asim A. 
Published: August 2021

We studied whether sustained hemodynamic support (>7 d) with the Impella 5.0 heart pump can be used as a bridge to clinical decisions in patients who present with cardiogenic shock, and whether such support can improve their outcomes.
We retrospectively reviewed cases of patients who had Impella 5.0 support at our hospital from August 2017 through May 2019. Thirty-four patients (23 with cardiogenic shock and 11 with severely decompensated heart failure) underwent sustained support for a mean duration of 11.7 ± 9.3 days (range, ≤48 d). Of 29 patients (85.3%) who survived to next therapy, 15 were weaned from the Impella, 8 underwent durable left ventricular assist device placement, 4 were escalated to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and 2 underwent heart transplantation. The 30-day survival rate was 76.5% (26 of 34 patients). Only 2 patients had a major adverse event: one each had an ischemic stroke and flail mitral leaflet. None of the devices malfunctioned.
Sustained hemodynamic support with the Impella 5.0 not only improved outcomes in patients who presented with cardiogenic shock, but also provided time for multidisciplinary evaluation of potential cardiac recovery, or the need for durable left ventricular assist device implantation or heart transplantation. Our study shows the value of using the Impella 5.0 as a bridge to clinical decisions.
The emulsifying stability of soy hull polysaccharides with different molecular weight obtained from membrane-separation technology
Authors: Yang Lina , Wu Xinghui , Zhao Li , Wang Ziyi , Zhu Danshi , Wang Shengnan , He Yutang , Liu He 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Polysaccharides are macromolecules used for food development, and their further separation into different molecular weights allows their broader application in the food industry. Here, we performed microwave-assisted ammonium oxalate extraction of soy hull polysaccharide (SHP; MASP), followed by their separation and purification using membrane-separation technology and analyses of the emulsifying stability and MASP mechanism at different molecular weights. Additionally, we compared the composition and structural differences in SHP components and evaluated the separation and grading-emulsification stability properties of the membrane-emulsified components. The results showed improved emulsification stability properties of high molecular weight SHPs that had been separated and purified by membrane separation, with the formed emulsion exhibiting a high degree of viscosity, uniform particle-size distribution, smaller particle size, less interfacial tension, and a high Zeta potential. Moreover, the chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of SHP were different.
Two occurrences of fractional actions in nonlinear dynamics
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fractional theories have gained recently an increasing interest in dynamical systems since they offer some solutions to a number of puzzles in particular nonconservative and dissipative issues. Most of fractional dynamical theories are formulated by means of one occurrence of action that group kinetic energy and potential energy in one single package. In this work, we introduce a modified fractional dynamics based on the occurrence of two independent actions where fractional and nonfractional Euler–Lagrange equations are mixed together. We show that their combination divulge some properties that offer new insights in nonlinear dynamics. In particular, it was observed that a large family of solutions that could be used to model dissipative systems may be derived from the action with two occurrences of integrals. Moreover, damping systems may be obtained by means of simple Lagrangian functionals.
The crystal structure of 3,3′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(1-ethenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dichloride – dichloromethane – water (1/1/1), C19H24Cl4N4O1
Authors: Song Wenqi , Yang Miaoxiu , Qian Liwei , Miao Zongcheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C19H24Cl4N4O1, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.5930(4) Å, b = 12.0814(5) Å, c = 12.2430(5) Å, α = 69.805(2)°, β = 75.2820(10)°, γ = 86.733(2)°, V = 1153.07(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0411, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1053, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(methane-1,1-diyl)bis(3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), C13H22F12N4P2
Authors: Liu Xin-Ting , Nie Xu-Liang , Chen Shi-Shun , Wu Su-Qin , Xiong Wan-Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C13H22F12N4P2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 25.252(3) Å, b = 8.3297(9) Å, c = 23.268(2) Å, β = 116.271(1)°, V = 4388.7(8) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0661, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2191, T = 296(2) K.