bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ibadi Copyists in the Mzab Valley, Algeria (9th–10th/15th–16th Century)
Authors: Hadj Mahammed Aissa , Love Paul M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines the circulation of manuscripts in the Mzab Valley in southern Algeria during the 9th–10th/15th–16th centuries in an attempt to identify the most prominent copyists in the region. The primary aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of manuscripts for the Mzab’s Ibadi Muslim community in this period and to demonstrate its impact on the intellectual and cultural life of the region.
Evolution of Idealized Vortices in Monsoon-Like Shears: Application to Monsoon Depressions
Authors: Diaz Michael , Boos William R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines processes fundamental to the development of South Asian monsoon depressions using an array of integrations of an idealized convection-permitting numerical model. In each integration, a wave of initially small amplitude is subjected to a different amount of vertical and meridional wind shear, with temperature and moisture fields constructed according to realistic constraints. Based on the evolution of this disturbance into monsoon depression–like vortices, two features of the background environment emerge as important: the low-level gradient of moist static energy (MSE) and the low-level meridional shear. As the low-level MSE gradient steepens, the disturbance becomes stronger and produces more rain. This strengthening results from the interaction of the vortex with latent heat release by convection that is in turn organized by positive MSE advection in the northerly flow west of the vortex. In this region of advection, moister air from the north ascends along upward-sloping isentropes, driving moist convection. The disturbance also becomes stronger with increasing meridional shear, which makes the environment more barotropically unstable. The absence of either of these two features of the background environment prevents substantial growth of the disturbance. Our results suggest that monsoon depression growth in South Asia is fostered by the coexistence of a strong low-level MSE gradient with strong meridional wind shear associated with the monsoon trough.
Prediction of Arctic Temperature and Sea Ice Using a High-Resolution Coupled Model
Authors: Chang Le , Luo Jing-Jia , Xue Jiaqing , Xu Haiming , Dunstone Nick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnder global warming, surface air temperature has risen rapidly and sea ice has decreased markedly in the Arctic. These drastic climate changes have brought about various severe impacts on the vulnerable environment and ecosystem there. Thus, accurate prediction of Arctic climate becomes more important than before. Here we examine the seasonal to interannual predictive skills of 2-m air temperature (2-m T) and sea ice cover (SIC) over the Arctic region (70°–90°N) during 1980–2014 with a high-resolution global coupled model called the Met Office Decadal Prediction System, version 3 (DePreSys3). The model captures well both the climatology and interannual variability of the Arctic 2-m T and SIC. Moreover, the anomaly correlation coefficient of Arctic-averaged 2-m T and SIC shows statistically significant skills at lead times up to 16 months. This is mainly due to the contribution of strong decadal trends. In addition, it is found that the peak warming trend of Arctic 2-m T lags the maximum decrease trend of SIC by 1 month, in association with the heat flux forcing from the ocean surface to lower atmosphere. While the predictive skill is generally much lower for the detrended variations, we find a close relationship between the tropical Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Arctic detrended 2-m T anomalies. This indicates potential seasonal to interannual predictability of the Arctic natural variations.
The Impact of Under-triage on Trauma Outcomes in Older Populations ≥65 Years
Authors: Knotts Chelsea M. , Modarresi Milad , Samanta Damayanti , Richmond Bryan K. 
Published: January 2021

Background Undertriage of older trauma patients is implicated as a cause for outcome disparities. Undertriage is defined by an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 without full trauma activation. We hypothesized that in patients ≥65 years, undertriage is associated with unfavorable discharge. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients ≥65 years admitted at a Level 1 Trauma Center between July 2016 and June 2018 with blunt trauma. The Matrix method was used to determine the undertriage rate, and outcomes were compared between undertriaged and fully activated patients with ISS ≥16. Favorable outcomes in undertriaged patients instigated further analyses to determine factors that predicted unfavorable discharge condition, defined by discharge from the hospital with severe disability, persistent vegetative state, and in-hospital death. Results The undertriage rate was 7.9%. When compared to fully activated patients with ISS ≥16, a lower percentage of undertriaged patients were discharged in an unfavorable condition (16.6% vs 64.7%, P < .001). On the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR = 1.52), preexisting coronary artery disease (OR = 1.86), age >90 years (OR = 2.31), ISS 16-25 (OR = 3.50), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤14 (OR = 6.34), and ISS >25 (OR = 9.64) were significant independent risk factors for unfavorable discharge. Discussion The undertriage rate in patients ≥65 years was higher than the accepted standard (5%). However, undertriaged patients had better outcomes than those fully activated with ISS ≥16. Factors more predictive of unfavorable discharge condition were GCS ≤14 and ISS >25. These data suggest that ISS alone is a poor marker for assessing undertriage in older patients. Additional parameters established in this study should be considered as potential markers for better predicting outcomes in older trauma patients.
The Role of Preoperative Anemia in Predicting Short-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Wise Eric S. , Beckman Tiffany R. , Amateau Stuart K. , Ikramuddin Sayeed , Leslie Daniel B. 
Published: January 2021

Background Preoperative anemia has been suggested as a contraindication to gastric bypass. Using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement database, this study sought to determine the role of preoperative hematocrit on 30-day morbidity and mortality after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for weight loss. Methods A cohort of 31 981 patients was reviewed for factors associated with a composite primary end point including 30-day reoperation, readmission, reintervention, or mortality, including degree of anemia. Analyzed separately by gender, factors significant on bivariate analysis were included in nominal logistic multivariate analysis to assess for independent significance of the hematocrit level as a risk factor for the primary end point. Results Upon multivariate analysis, the hematocrit level was significantly associated with the 30-day end point in the male cohort ( P = .05), specifically, severe anemia (hematocrit <35%) conferred an increased risk relative to a normal hematocrit (odds ratio 1.5, P = .03). There was no association of hematocrit with the 30-day end point in the female cohort. Conclusion Bariatricians should carefully consider the appropriateness of a gastric bypass over a less anemogenic procedure such as sleeve gastrectomy in patients, particularly men with preoperative anemia.
Early Chemoprophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rivas Lisbi , Vella Michael , Ju Tammy , Fernandez-Moure Joseph S. , Sparks Andrew , Seamon Mark J. , Sarani Babak 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Timing to start of chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. We hypothesize that early administration is not associated with increased intracranial hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective study of adult patients with TBI following blunt injury was performed. Patients with penetrating brain injury, any moderate/severe organ injury other than the brain, need for craniotomy/craniectomy, death within 24 hours of admission, or progression of bleed on 6 hour follow-up head computed tomography scan were excluded. Patients were divided into early (≤24 hours) and late (>24 hours) cohorts based on time to initiation of chemoprophylaxis. Progression of bleed was the primary outcome. Results 264 patients were enrolled, 40% of whom were in the early cohort. The average time to VTE prophylaxis initiation was 17 hours and 47 hours in the early and late groups, respectively ( P < .0001). There was no difference in progression of bleed (5.6% vs. 7%, P = .67), craniectomy/-craniotomy rate (1.9% vs. 2.5%, P = .81), or VTE rate (0% vs. 2.5%, P = .1). Conclusion Early chemoprophylaxis is not associated with progression of hemorrhage or need for neurosurgical intervention in patients with TBI and a stable head CT 7 hours following injury.
Vocal Fold Motion Impairment Following Chemotherapy Administration: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Talmor Guy , Nguyen Brandon , Geller Melin Tan , Hsu Jeffrey , Kaye Rachel , Caloway Christen 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced vocal fold motion impairment (CIVFMI) is a rare complication of cancer therapy with potential for airway compromise. The objective of this review is to present 2 new cases of CIVFMI to add to the literature as well as characterize the demographics, symptoms, exam findings, airway complication rates and prognosis of CIVFMI. Methods: A search of Pubmed/MEDLINE (1970 to May 1, 2020), Embase (1970 to May 1, 2020), and Cochrane Library using medical study heading (MeSH) terms related to chemotherapy ( drug therapy, chemotherapy, vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel) and vocal cord motion impairment ( vocal cord, cords, vocal folds, immobility, hypomobility) was performed. Exploratory pooling of data without formal meta-analysis was performed. Results: A preliminary search yielded 148 abstracts, review articles and studies. A total of 23 studies met inclusion criteria. There were 35 total cases presented in the literature, with a mean age of 29.5 (0.4-78). The most common cancer diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 15, 42.9%), and the most common agent was vincristine (n = 30, 85.7%). Dysphagia, bilateral CIVFMI, and vocal fold immobility rather than hypomobility were more common in pediatric patients. There were 8 cases of surgical airway intervention, including tracheostomy and posterior cordotomy. The duration of symptoms was 7 to 420 days, and spontaneous resolution was reported in 32 cases. Conclusions: CIVFMI has potential for airway complications requiring surgical intervention. Spontaneous resolution after cessation of the offending agent is the most likely outcome. Bilateral CIVFMI, dysphagia and vocal fold immobility are more common in the pediatric population.
Hormonally Active Contraceptives Part I: Risks Acknowledged and Unacknowledged
Authors: Williams William V. , Brind Joel , Haynes Laura , Manhart Michael D. , Klaus Hanna , Lanfranchi Angela , Migeon Gerard , Gaskins Mike , Seman Elvis I. , Ruppersberger Lester , Raviele Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2021

Hormonal contraceptives have been on the market for over fifty years and, while their formulations have changed, the basic mechanism of action has remained the same. During this time, numerous studies have been performed documenting side effects, some of which appear over time, some within weeks or months, but all can have a serious impact on health and quality of life. An effort was made to perform a series of comprehensive literature surveys to better understand immediate and long-term side effects of these agents. The results of this literature review uncovered a number of potential side effects, some of which are acknowledged and many of which are not noted in the prescribing information for these agents. Among the unacknowledged side effects are: an increased risk of HIV transmission for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), and for combination contraceptives breast cancer, cervical cancer, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, depression, mood disorders and suicides (especially among women twenty-five years of age and younger, in the first six months of use), multiple sclerosis, interstitial cystitis, female sexual dysfunction, osteoporotic bone fractures (especially for progesterone-only contraceptives), and fatty weight gain. Misleading prescribing information regarding cardiovascular and thrombotic risks are also noted. Women seeking birth control have a right to be informed and educated about risk avoidance through the use of effective nonhormonal methods like fertility awareness methods. In one case—that of DMPA—the increased risk of HIV acquisition has been conclusively demonstrated to be both real and unique to this drug. Considering the availability of numerous alternatives, there is no justification for the continued marketing of DMPA to the public. Summary: We reviewed the effect of hormonal contraceptives on women’s health. A number of potential side effects were noted including increased risks of breast cancer, cervical cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, cystitis, bone fractures, depression, mood disorders and suicides, fatty weight gain, and female sexual dysfunction. With the long-acting injectable contraceptives there is an increased risk of getting HIV. Misleading prescribing information regarding the risks of heart attacks, strokes and blood clotting problems were also noted. Women seeking birth control have a right to know about how to avoid these risks by using effective hormone-free Fertility Awareness Methods.
An observer-based H∞ linear parameter varying controller for time delayed linear parameter varying systems using dilated linear matrix inequalities and Wirtinger inequality
Authors: Bouazizi Mohamed Hechmi 
Published: January 2021

In this study, we give a method for the design of linear parameter varying (LPV) observers in order to perform an LPV time delayed state feedback control for LPV systems with time varying delay. We derive some tractable analysis and synthesis conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We show how it is possible to reduce significantly the conservatism of the quadratic approach by using parameter dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and LMI dilation techniques jointed to the Wirtinger integral inequality. We also present a method that makes it possible to do without the separation principle when determining the observer and the state feedback parameters. The synthesis problem is formulated without this principle. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach that leads to a better H∞ level compared with other results, from literature, for the same example.
Practice review: Evidence-based quality use of corticosteroids in the palliative care of patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Hardy Janet , Haywood Alison , Rickett Kirsty , Sallnow Libby , Good Phillip 
Published: January 2021

Background: It would be unusual for a patient with advanced cancer not to be prescribed corticosteroids at some stage of their disease course for a variety of specific and non-specific indications. Aim: The aim of this practice review was to provide a pragmatic overview of the evidence supporting current practice and to identify areas in which further research is indicated. Design: A ‘state-of-the-art’ review approach was used to examine the evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids for the management of cancer-related complications and in symptom control, in the context of known risks and harms to inform quality use of this medicine. We developed ‘Do’, ‘Do not’, and ‘Don’t know’ recommendations based on current literature and identified areas for future investigation and research. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library from inception to 14th October 2020. Our initial search limited to reviews, reviews of reviews, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials was supplemented by supporting literature as appropriate. Results: Evidence to support common practice in the use of corticosteroids is lacking for most indications. This is in the context of strong evidence for the potential for significant toxicity and poor quality use of medicine. Conclusion: Guidelines recommending the widespread use of corticosteroids should acknowledge the poor evidence base supporting much current dogma. Quality research is essential not only to define the role of corticosteroids in this context but to ensure good prescribing practice.
Intravitreal aflibercept partially reverses severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in treatment-naïve patients
Authors: Tao Yuan , Jiang Pengfei , Liu Min , Liu Ying , Song Lihua , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2021

Objective To evaluate whether diabetic retinopathy can be reversed after aflibercept, based on improvements in diabetic macular edema, hard exudates (HEs) of the posterior pole, and retinal microaneurysms (MAs). Methods This was a single-center retrospective study of 30 patients (34 eyes) with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) who were treated between August and October 2018. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), area of HEs, and number of MAs were compared before and after treatment. Results The mean patient age was 61.4 ± 7.1 years; 14 patients (46.7%) were men. The mean number of injections per patient was 3.5 ± 0.5. The time between the last injection and the last follow-up was 82 days (range, 78–110 days). Six months after the first intravitreal injection, significant improvement was observed in BCVA (from 0.70 ± 0.18 to 0.42 ± 0.19 logMAR), CFT (from 377.17 ± 60.41 to 261.21 ± 31.50 µm), and number of MAs (from 182.2 ± 77.4 to 101.5 ± 59.6). Observations over 6 months after the first intravitreal injection showed a statistically significant reduction in the area of HEs (P = 0.007). No adverse events occurred during the treatment period. Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy might be partially reversed by aflibercept treatment, as indicated by BCVA, CFT, number of MAs, and area of HEs.
Management of Skeletal Class II in a Growing Patient Using a Headgear and a Fixed Functional Appliance, with a Three-Year Follow-up : An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report
Authors: Parveen Shahistha , Mascarenhas Rohan 
Published: January 2021

This case was submitted to the Indian Board of Orthodontics under category II for phase III examination, in December 2018. SP, a 13-year-old female patient, presented with the chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. On clinical examination, she was found to have class II division 1 malocclusion with an increased overjet and overbite, a class II skeletal pattern due to a prognathic maxilla and a retrognathic mandible with positive visual treatment objective (VTO), moderate crowding in the upper and lower arches, retained deciduous 54 and 55, an exaggerated Curve of Spee, and a midline discrepancy of 6 mm. The treatment objectives were to correct the skeletal pattern and molar and canine relation. The patient was treated with fixed mechanotherapy, along with a headgear and a fixed functional appliance (Forsus). At the end of the treatment, she showed improvement in the skeletal pattern, good posterior occlusion, and an improved overjet and overbite. A bonded fixed retainer in the lower arch and a Begg’s wraparound retainer in the upper arch were used. Occlusion remained stable 3 years after the treatment.
CTRP3 protects hippocampal neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury through the AMPK/Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Ding H , Wang Z , Song W 
Published: January 2021

Objective: C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3), a member of CTRP family, has been found to have neuroprotective effect. In the current study, we investigated the protective role of CTRP3 in hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Materials and methods: The mRNA and protein levels of CTRP3 in OGD/R-stimulated hippocampal neurons were measured using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. ROS production was measured using the fluorescence probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). The activities of SOD and GPx were determined using ELISA. Cell apoptosis was assessed. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to assess the activation of ARE). The levels of p-AMPK and Nrf2 were measured using western blot. Results: Our results showed that the expression of CTRP3 was significantly downregulated in hippocampal neuronal cells exposed to OGD/R. Overexpression of CTRP3 improved cell viability of OGD/R-induced hippocampal neurons. In addition, overexpression of CTRP3 attenuated the OGD/R-caused oxidative stress with decreased ROS production and increased activities of SOD and GPx. Moreover, CTRP3 caused a significant increase in bcl-2 expression and decreases in bax expression and caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, CTRP3 overexpression significantly upregulated the levels of p-AMPK and Nrf2, as well induced the activation of ARE in OGD-R-induced hippocampal neurons. CTRP3 upregulated the mRNA expression levels of HO-1, NQO-1 and GPx-3. Additionally, treatment with the inhibitor of AMPK partially reversed the neuroprotective effect of CTRP3 in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Conclusion: CTRP3 exerted protective effect on OGD/R-induced cerebral injury, which was regulated by AMPK/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Intermediate-term Patient-Reported Outcomes and Radiographic Evaluation Following Intramedullary- vs Extramedullary-Referenced Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Akoh Craig C. , Kadakia Rishin , Fletcher Amanda , Park Young Uk , Kim Hyongnyun , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. 
Published: January 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to report on the radiographic outcomes, clinical outcomes, and implant survivorship following extramedullary-referenced (EMr) vs intramedullary-referenced (IMr) total ankle replacement (TAR). Methods: From May 2007 to February 2018, a consecutive series of patients with end-stage tibiotalar osteoarthritis undergoing TAR was enrolled in this study. Analyses were performed comparing IMr vs EMr components for patient-reported outcomes data, pre- and postoperative radiographic ankle alignment, concomitant procedures, and complications. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses served to determine implant reoperation and revision surgery. A total of 340 TARs were included with 105 IMr TAR and 235 EMr TAR. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years (±2.5, range 2-12). Results: The absolute value for preoperative coronal alignment was significantly greater for IMr compared to EMr TAR (13.0 vs 6.4 degrees; P < .0001), but both groups achieved near neutral alignment postoperatively (1.4 vs 1.5 degrees; P = .6655). The odds of having a concomitant procedure was 2.7 times higher in patients with an IMr TAR (OR 2.7, CI 1.7-4.4; P < .0001). There were similar improvements in patient-reported outcome scores at 1 year and final follow-up (all P > .05). The 5-year implant survivorship was 98.6% for IMr vs 97.5% for EMr at final follow-up. Conclusion: The IMr and EMr TAR components had comparable postoperative alignment, patient-reported outcome scores, and complications. The 5-year implant survivorship was similar between the IMr and EMr groups. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.