bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4, gremlin, and connective tissue growth factor on estradiol and progesterone production by bovine granulosa cells
Authors: Spicer Leon J , Schutz Luis F , Aad Pauline Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β family of proteins that have been implicated in the paracrine regulation of granulosa cell (GC) function, but whether responses to BMPs change with follicular size or interact with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or BMP antagonists (e.g., gremlin [GREM]) to directly affect GC function of cattle is unknown. Therefore, to determine the effects of BMP4 on proliferation and steroidogenesis of GCs and its interaction with GREM or CTGF, experiments were conducted using bovine GC cultures. In vitro, BMP4 (30 ng/mL) inhibited (P &lt; 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-induced progesterone and estradiol production by large- and small-follicle GCs, but the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on estradiol production was much more pronounced in large-follicle GCs. In small-follicle GCs, BMP4 had no effect (P &gt; 0.10) on IGF1-induced proliferation, but GREM inhibited (P &lt; 0.05) cell proliferation and estradiol and progesterone production in IGF1 plus FSH-treated GCs. In large-follicle GCs, BMP4 (10 to 30 ng/mL) increased (P &lt; 0.05) GC numbers and GREM (100 ng/mL) blocked this effect. In large-follicle GCs, CTGF inhibited (P &lt; 0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced progesterone and estradiol production, and CTGF blocked the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation. These results indicate that BMP4, GREM, and CTGF inhibit GC aromatase activity and progesterone production. Also, the stimulatory effect of BMP4 on GC proliferation and the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on GC steroidogenesis are more pronounced in large vs. small follicles.
The skull base
Authors: van Gijn Daniel R. , Dunne Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The skull base is a complex amalgamation of bones and their respective fossae, foramina and fissures and of multiple surgical specialties – blurring the boundaries between ENT surgeons, plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This rough terrain is an area much loved by examiners and anatomists, and conversely (and universally) feared by students. The skull base divides the neurocranium from the viscerocranium and can be considered as having a superior (intracranial) surface and an inferior (extracranial) surface, the cranial base.
The salivary glands
Authors: van Gijn Daniel R. , Dunne Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There are three paired major salivary glands of the head and neck, all named according to their location and each contributing to saliva and enzyme production via their respective ducts to assist with mastication and digestion. At rest, the lion’s share (60%) of saliva production is from the submandibular glands. On stimulation, the parotid contribution increases from 20% to 50%. There are up to 1000 minor salivary glands found within the submucosa of the oral cavity – 1-2mm in size and predominantly mucous in nature. The parotid glands are irregular shaped masses of lobulated tissue situated on the side of the face, reaching from the zygomatic arch superiorly to the upper part of the neck inferiorly where they overly the posterior belly of digastric and upper sternocleidomastoid muscle. Anteriorly, the gland lies between the posterior border of the mandibular ramus before continuing below the external acoustic meatus towards the mastoid process posteriorly.
Management of the sick child
Authors: Molyneux Elizabeth , O’Hare Bernadette 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Emergency triage assessment, Management of shock in children with severe malnutrition, Coma and convulsions, The sick young infant, Neonatal notes, Low birth weight and prematurity, Perinatal asphyxia/hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, Neonatal infection
Poisoning and envenoming
Authors: Eddleston Michael , Warrell David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acute poisoning?, Acute pesticide poisoning?, Organophosphates/carbamates?, Acute poisoning with pharmaceuticals/chemicals?, Mushroom poisoning?, Methanol poisoning?, Fish and shellfish poisoning?, Snake bite?, Scorpion sting?, Spider bite?, Fish stings?, Jelly fish stings?
New Insights About Military Interprofessional Healthcare Teams: Lessons Learned and New Directions From a Program of Research
Authors: Varpio Lara , Bader-Larsen Karlen S , Hamwey Meghan K , Meyer Holly S , Artino Anthony , Cruthirds Danette F , Durning Steven J 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The success of the military is significantly supported by highly effective collaborative teams. While much is known about successful military teams outside the context of healthcare delivery, considerably less attention has been paid to teams working in patient care. Thus, this supplement has explored the features of successful military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs). In this summary paper, the authors discuss what this supplement’s investigations have taught us about MIHTs and offer a series of proposed future investigations of MIHTs and their role in military healthcare.
Military Interprofessional Healthcare Teams: Identifying the Characteristics That Support Success
Authors: Varpio Lara , Bader-Larsen Karlen S , Durning Steven J , Artino Anthony , Hamwey Meghan K , Cruthirds Danette F , Meyer Holly S 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs) are foundational to the care provided to military members and their families. However, to date, very little research has investigated MIHTs. Notably, we have few insights into what distinguishes successful MIHTs. This manuscript presents findings from a program of research that was carried out to address this gap. We review what is known about MIHTs to date and the Uniformed Services University’s (USU) focused efforts to ensure that greater understanding of MIHTs was developed. We provide an overview of the USU-supported research and of the findings that were generated by that inquiry. After summarizing the manuscripts included in this special edition of Military Medicine, we close by acknowledging and thanking key members of the U.S. military healthcare system who supported this research.
Knowledgeability and Identification: Explaining Military Interprofessional Healthcare Teams’ Excellence and Readiness
Authors: Stalmeijer Renée E 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The importance of successful interprofessional collaboration for effective patient care is generally acknowledged. Research into interprofessional collaboration has thus far been mainly situated in the civilian context and has mostly indicated barriers that prevent successful interprofessional collaboration. However, military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs) seem to be exceptionally successful. Building on the overarching finding of the studies within this special edition—i.e., that MIHTs’ readiness and excellence are in part due to healthcare professionals’ “shared understanding” of what is needed to effectively serve on an MIHT—this commentary uses the theory of Landscape of Practice as a lens to further explain the processes through which healthcare professionals attain this shared understanding. Used within the fields of Health Professions Education and workplace learning, Landscapes of Practice (LoP) helps to explain how learning occurs within practice. It highlights how, by engaging within the various working environments belonging to a profession, social interactions between the various professionals within that environment form the conduit for learning. LoP highlights that the outcome of this learning process is “knowledgeability,” i.e., understanding of how to engage within the field and with its players, resulting in being an acknowledged member of the field. Fostered through a process called “identification,” professionals learn to see how their professional practice aligns with that of others and how to effectively collaborate with others. The commentary explains how the findings of the separate studies within this special edition strongly resonate with knowledgeability and identification. It is concluded that civilian interprofessional healthcare teams may benefit from incorporating characteristics of MIHTs in their training programs.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and in vitro evaluation of the anticancer activity of new Pt (Pd) complexes with 1-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-naphthol ligand
Authors: Akhmetova Vnira R , Bikbulatova El'mira M , Mescheryakova Ekaterina S , Gil'manova Elina N , Dzhemileva Lilya U , D'yakonov Vladimir A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of new Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 1-aminomethyl-2-naphtol ligands has been first performed. The adducts of [PtCl4]2− and [PdCl4]2− anions with the 1-aminomethyl-2-naphtol NH cation were synthesized. The structure for four Pt (Pd)-containing compounds was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The obtained compounds were examined for in vitro cytotoxic activity against Jurkat and K562 human leukemia cells, lymphoma U937cells, A2780 and the cisplatin-resistant A2780cis lines of human ovarian cancer, and normal fibroblasts. Study of induction of apoptosis and the effect of new palladium and platinum complexes on the cell cycle was carried out. The cells showed a higher sensitivity to Pt(II) compounds than to Pd(II) ones. All the synthesized metal complexes show much more antitumor activity compared with a platinum-containing cisplatin drug.
Prediction of conserved and variable heat and cold stress response in maize using cis-regulatory information
Authors: Zhou Peng , Enders Tara A , Myers Zachary A , Magnusson Erika , Crisp Peter A , Noshay Jaclyn M , Gomez-Cano Fabio , Liang Zhikai , Grotewold Erich , Greenham Kathleen , Springer Nathan M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Changes in gene expression are important for responses to abiotic stress. Transcriptome profiling of heat- or cold-stressed maize genotypes identifies many changes in transcript abundance. We used comparisons of expression responses in multiple genotypes to identify alleles with variable responses to heat or cold stress and to distinguish examples of cis- or trans-regulatory variation for stress-responsive expression changes. We used motifs enriched near the transcription start sites (TSSs) for thermal stress-responsive genes to develop predictive models of gene expression responses. Prediction accuracies can be improved by focusing only on motifs within unmethylated regions near the TSS and vary for genes with different dynamic responses to stress. Models trained on expression responses in a single genotype and promoter sequences provided lower performance when applied to other genotypes but this could be improved by using models trained on data from all three genotypes tested. The analysis of genes with cis-regulatory variation provides evidence for structural variants that result in presence/absence of transcription factor binding sites in creating variable responses. This study provides insights into cis-regulatory motifs for heat- and cold-responsive gene expression and defines a framework for developing models to predict expression responses across multiple genotypes.
Emergency Department Evaluation of Abdominal Pain in Adolescent Females
Authors: Lawrence Amy E. , Ervin Emma , Sebastião Yuri V. , Hewitt Geri , Minneci Peter C. , Deans Katherine J. 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021;34(5):649–655)
Abdominal pain is a very common chief complaint among adolescents presenting to the emergency department (ED) and poses a challenge to physicians given the vast differential diagnosis varying with patient age and gender. Consideration of ovarian and gynecologic pathologies is necessary in female patients to avoid missing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy, sexual abuse, ectopic pregnancies, ovarian pathology, and more.
Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Decreased Fetal Movements
Authors: Turner Jessica M. , Flenady Vicki , Ellwood David , Coory Michael , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2021;4(4):e215071)
Decreased fetal movement (DFM) has previously been associated with stillbirth and other adverse perinatal outcomes. Several guidelines highlight the importance of DFM as a sign associated with a risk of stillbirth; however, there is limited national guidance to incorporate this monitoring into stillbirth reduction strategies.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FRAMEWORK FOR MACULAR DISEASE DIAGNOSIS BASED ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES
Authors: Lv Bin , Li Shuang , Liu Yang , Wang Wei , Li Hongyang , Zhang Xiaoyue , Sha Yanhui , Yang Xiufen , Yang Yang , Wang Yue , Zhang Chengfen , Wang Yanling , Lv Chuanfeng , Xie Guotong , Wang Kang 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To develop and validate an artificial intelligence framework for identifying multiple retinal lesions at image level and performing an explainable macular disease diagnosis at eye level in optical coherence tomography images.

Methods:
A total of 26,815 optical coherence tomography images were collected from 865 eyes, and 9 retinal lesions and 3 macular diseases were labeled by ophthalmologists, including diabetic macular edema and dry/wet age-related macular degeneration. We applied deep learning to classify retinal lesions at image level and random forests to achieve an explainable disease diagnosis at eye level. The performance of the integrated two-stage framework was evaluated and compared with human experts.

Results:
On testing data set of 2,480 optical coherence tomography images from 80 eyes, the deep learning model achieved an average area under curve of 0.978 (95% confidence interval, 0.971–0.983) for lesion classification. In addition, random forests performed accurate disease diagnosis with a 0% error rate, which achieved the same accuracy as one of the human experts and was better than the other three experts. It also revealed that the detection of specific lesions in the center of macular region had more contribution to macular disease diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The integrated method achieved high accuracy and interpretability in retinal lesion classification and macular disease diagnosis in optical coherence tomography images and could have the potential to facilitate the clinical diagnosis.
Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders
Authors: Heinonen Noora , Lallukka Tea , Lahti Jouni , Pietiläinen Olli , Nordquist Hilla , Mänty Minna , Katainen Anu , Kouvonen Anne 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors.

Methods:
Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied.

Results:
Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD.

Conclusion:
Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
Operationalizing Postdischarge Recovery From Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy for the Preoperative Consultative Visit
Authors: Heit Michael , Carpenter Janet S. , Chen Chen X. , Rand Kevin L. 
Published: November 2021

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021;27:427–431)
One of the most common questions from patients following surgery is: “What is my expected recovery time?” The answer serves as a benchmark to assess their progress against those undergoing similar procedures. Not addressing this expectation can result in poor patient satisfaction.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission by HIV Risk Group and Along the HIV Care Continuum: A Contrast of 6 US Cities
Authors: Zang Xiao , Mah Cassandra , Quan Amanda My Linh , Min Jeong Eun , Armstrong Wendy S. , Behrends Czarina N. , Del Rio Carlos , Dombrowski Julia C. , Feaster Daniel J. , Kirk Gregory D. , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Metsch Lisa R. , Pandya Ankur , Schackman Bruce R. , Shoptaw Steven , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Krebs Emanuel , Nosyk Bohdan ,   on behalf of the Localized HIV Modeling Study Group
Published: November 2021

Background:
Understanding the sources of HIV transmission provides a basis for prioritizing HIV prevention resources in specific geographic regions and populations. This study estimated the number, proportion, and rate of HIV transmissions attributable to individuals along the HIV care continuum within different HIV transmission risk groups in 6 US cities.

Methods:
We used a dynamic, compartmental HIV transmission model that draws on racial behavior–specific or ethnic behavior–specific and risk behavior–specific linkage to HIV care and use of HIV prevention services from local, state, and national surveillance sources. We estimated the rate and number of HIV transmissions attributable to individuals in the stage of acute undiagnosed HIV, nonacute undiagnosed HIV, HIV diagnosed but antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, off ART, and on ART, stratified by HIV transmission group for the 2019 calendar year.

Results:
Individuals with undiagnosed nonacute HIV infection accounted for the highest proportion of total transmissions in every city, ranging from 36.8% (26.7%–44.9%) in New York City to 64.9% (47.0%–71.6%) in Baltimore. Individuals who had discontinued ART contributed to the second highest percentage of total infections in 4 of 6 cities. Individuals with acute HIV had the highest transmission rate per 100 person-years, ranging from 76.4 (58.9–135.9) in Miami to 160.2 (85.7–302.8) in Baltimore.

Conclusion:
These findings underline the importance of both early diagnosis and improved ART retention for ending the HIV epidemic in the United States. Differences in the sources of transmission across cities indicate that localized priority setting to effectively address diverse microepidemics at different stages of epidemic control is necessary.
Effect of an Unsanctioned Safe Consumption Site in the United States on Syringe Sharing, Rushed Injections, and Isolated Injection Drug Use: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Authors: Suen Leslie W. , Davidson Peter J. , Browne Erica N. , Lambdin Barrot H. , Wenger Lynn D. , Kral Alex H. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
HIV and other medical complications of drug use, including overdose, are rising among people who inject drugs in the United States (US). Risk of complications and mortality increase with injection behaviors such as syringe sharing, rushing injections, and injecting in isolated places. Studies suggest safe consumption sites (SCS) reduce high-risk injection behaviors by offering sterile syringes and a safe, supervised space to consume drugs, although this has yet to be evaluated in the US.

Setting:
An unsanctioned SCS in an undisclosed US location.

Methods:
From 2018 to 2019, we recruited people who inject drugs using targeted sampling methods (N = 494) and conducted interviews at baseline, 6-, and 12-months. We sought to determine associations of past-month SCS use with past-month receptive syringe sharing, rushed injections, and injections in isolated places. We analyzed data using inverse probability of treatment weighted Poisson regression models. Generalized estimating equations accounted for repeated measures.

Results:
Fifty-two (11%) participants had past-month SCS use. Participants with past-month SCS use had decreased rates of receptive syringe sharing (Incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.02) and injecting in an isolated location (IRR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.27) compared with those without past-month SCS use, although results were not statistically conclusive. Rate of rushed injections was only slightly lower (IRR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.30).

Conclusion:
SCS may show benefit in reducing high-risk injection practices, and legal sanctioning of an SCS may offer further advantages. SCS implementation should be considered to help reduce the spread of HIV, overdose mortality, and prevent other medical complications of injection drug use.
Even violins can cry: specifically vocal emotional behaviours also drive the perception of emotions in non-vocal music
Authors: Bedoya D. , Arias P. , Rachman L. , Liuni M. , Canonne C. , Goupil L. , Aucouturier J.-J. 
Published: November 2021

A wealth of theoretical and empirical arguments have suggested that music triggers emotional responses by resembling the inflections of expressive vocalizations, but have done so using low-level acoustic parameters (pitch, loudness, speed) that, in fact, may not be processed by the listener in reference to human voice. Here, we take the opportunity of the recent availability of computational models that allow the simulation of three specifically vocal emotional behaviours: smiling, vocal tremor and vocal roughness. When applied to musical material, we find that these three acoustic manipulations trigger emotional perceptions that are remarkably similar to those observed on speech and scream sounds, and identical across musician and non-musician listeners. Strikingly, this not only applied to singing voice with and without musical background, but also to purely instrumental material.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Predicting strength from aggressive vocalizations versus speech in African bushland and urban communities
Authors: Kleisner Karel , Leongómez Juan David , Pisanski Katarzyna , Fiala Vojtěch , Cornec Clément , Groyecka-Bernard Agata , Butovskaya Marina , Reby David , Sorokowski Piotr , Akoko Robert Mbe 
Published: November 2021

The human voice carries information about a vocalizer's physical strength that listeners can perceive and that may influence mate choice and intrasexual competition. Yet, reliable acoustic correlates of strength in human speech remain unclear. Compared to speech, aggressive nonverbal vocalizations (roars) may function to maximize perceived strength, suggesting that their acoustic structure has been selected to communicate formidability, similar to the vocal threat displays of other animals. Here, we test this prediction in two non-WEIRD African samples: an urban community of Cameroonians and rural nomadic Hadza hunter–gatherers in the Tanzanian bushlands. Participants produced standardized speech and volitional roars and provided handgrip strength measures. Using acoustic analysis and information-theoretic multi-model inference and averaging techniques, we show that strength can be measured from both speech and roars, and as predicted, strength is more reliably gauged from roars than vowels, words or greetings. The acoustic structure of roars explains 40–70% of the variance in actual strength within adults of either sex. However, strength is predicted by multiple acoustic parameters whose combinations vary by sex, sample and vocal type. Thus, while roars may maximally signal strength, more research is needed to uncover consistent and likely interacting acoustic correlates of strength in the human voice.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.