bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Satellite Images and Deep Learning to Identify Associations Between County-Level Mortality and Residential Neighborhood Features Proximal to Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , Lebeaux Rebecca M. , Hoen Anne G. , Christensen Brock C. , Vaickus Louis J. , MacKenzie Todd A. 
Published: November 2021

What is the relationship between mortality and satellite images as elucidated through the use of Convolutional Neural Networks?Background: Following a century of increase, life expectancy in the United States has stagnated and begun to decline in recent decades. Using satellite images and street view images, prior work has demonstrated associations of the built environment with income, education, access to care, and health factors such as obesity. However, assessment of learned image feature relationships with variation in crude mortality rate across the United States has been lacking.Objective: We sought to investigate if county-level mortality rates in the U.S. could be predicted from satellite images.Methods: Satellite images of neighborhoods surrounding schools were extracted with the Google Static Maps application programming interface for 430 counties representing ~68.9% of the US population. A convolutional neural network was trained using crude mortality rates for each county in 2015 to predict mortality. Learned image features were interpreted using Shapley Additive Feature Explanations, clustered, and compared to mortality and its associated covariate predictors.Results: Predicted mortality from satellite images in a held-out test set of counties was strongly correlated to the true crude mortality rate (Pearson r = 0.72). Direct prediction of mortality using a deep learning model across a cross-section of 430 U.S. counties identified key features in the environment (e.g., sidewalks, driveways, and hiking trails) associated with lower mortality. Learned image features were clustered, and we identified 10 clusters that were associated with education, income, geographical region, race, and age.Conclusions: The application of deep learning techniques to remotely-sensed features of the built environment can serve as a useful predictor of mortality in the United States. Although we identified features that were largely associated with demographic information, future modeling approaches that directly identify image features associated with health-related outcomes have the potential to inform targeted public health interventions.
Racial and Urban-Rural Difference in the Frequency of Ischemic Stroke as Initial Manifestation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Guo Jingchuan , Gabriel Nico , Magnani Jared W. , Essien Utibe R. , Gellad Walid F. , Brooks Maria M. , Trinquart Ludovic , Benjamin Emelia J. , Hernandez Inmaculada 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may remain undiagnosed until the development of complications. We aimed to examine the epidemiology and racial/ethnic and rural/urban differences in the frequency of newly diagnosed AF manifesting as ischemic stroke in a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries.Methods: We used a 5% random sample of Medicare claims to identify patients newly diagnosed with AF in 2016. The primary dependent variable was stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the 7 days prior to the first AF diagnosis, i.e., stroke or TIA as the initial manifestation of AF. We constructed a multivariable logistic regression to quantify the association between race/ethnicity, urban/rural residence, and the primary dependent variable.Results: Among 39,409 patients newly diagnosed with AF (mean age 77 ± 10 years; 58% women; 7.2% Black, 87.8% White, 5.1% others), 2,819 (7.2%) had ischemic stroke or TIA in the 7 days prior to AF diagnosis. Black patients (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.05, 1.40], vs. White) and urban residents (1.21 [1.08, 1.35], vs. rural) were at increased risk of stroke as the initial manifestation of AF. Racial differences were larger among patients aged ≥75 years, with adjusted ORs of 1.43 (1.19, 1.73) for Black vs. White patients, but non-significant for those aged &lt;75 (P for interaction = 0.03).Conclusion: We observed significant and important differences in the risk of stroke as initial manifestation of AF between White and Black patients and between rural and urban residents. Our results suggest potential disparities in the identification AF across race/ethnicity groups and urban/rural areas.
Natural Plant Extracts and Microbial Antagonists to Control Fungal Pathogens and Improve the Productivity of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) In Vitro and in Greenhouse
Authors: Hassan Hanaa S. , Mohamed Abeer A. , Feleafel Mostafa N. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Ali Hayssam M. , Akrami Mohammad , Abd-Elkader Doaa Y. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists have the potential for use in increasing the fungal resistance and productivity of horticulture plants. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of both natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists as a biotical control of some fungal pathogens, i.e., Fusarium ssp., Exserohilum ssp. and Nigrospora ssp., along with improving the growth and productivity performance of zucchini under greenhouse conditions. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE), and two microbial antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens (accession no. MW647093) and Trichoderma viride (accession no. MW647090) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Through morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, Fusarium solani (accession no. MW947256), F. oxysporum (accession no. MW947254), Exserohilum rostratum (accession no. MW947255), and Nigrospora lacticolonia (accession no. MW947253) were identified. HPLC analysis was used for the identification of phenolic compounds (PCs) and flavonoid compounds (FCs) in the extracts. Results: The highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG) against F. oxysporum was obtained with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L); F. solani with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and C. sinensis LE (4000 mg/L); Exserohilum rostratum with P. fluorescens, Ficus benghalensis FE (4000 mg/L) and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L), and N. lacticolonia with P. fluorescens. Using HPLC analysis, the abundant PCs in E. camaldulensis LE were pyrogallol, and caffeic acid, those in C. sinensis LE were syringic acid and ferulic acid, and those in F. benghalensis FE were gallic acid and syringic acid. In addition, the abundant FCs in E. camaldulensis LE were kaempferol, and naringin, those in C. sinensis LE were hesperidin and quercetin, and those in F. benghalensis FE were kaempferol and quercetin. Under greenhouse experiments, T. viride and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L) followed by P. fluorescens + T. viride treatments gave the best results of zucchini plants in terms of leaf area, fruits number per plant, yield per plant, and total yield (marketable and non-marketable). Conclusions: Plant extracts and bioagents can be used to control some zucchini fungal pathogens and increase the productivity performance of zucchini plants.
Albuminuria within the Normal Range Can Predict All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Kang Minjung , Kwon Soie , Lee Jeonghwan , Shin Jung-Im , Kim Yong Chul , Park Jae Yoon , Bae Eunjin , Kim Eun Young , Kim Dong Ki , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: November 2021

Background
Despite interest in low-grade albuminuria and poor clinical outcomes, evidence from a large-scale population is lacking. Therefore, we identified the association of low-grade albuminuria within the normal range with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality.

Methods
After excluding individuals with urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g (n=6094), this cohort study analyzed 43,396 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Participants were divided into four quartiles of ACR. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was CV mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used.

Results
During a median 7.9 years of follow-up, 3516 (9%) participants died. Compared with the reference group (Q1, ACR <4.171 mg/g), low-grade albuminuria groups were associated with all-cause mortality (Q3, ACR ≥6.211 to <10.010 mg/g, hazard ratio [HR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.41]; Q4, ACR ≥10.010 mg/g, HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.41 to 1.76]) in a multivariable hazards model. A similar pattern was also seen in the association of low-grade albuminuria with CV mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that low-grade albuminuria was also associated with all-cause mortality in the nondiabetic group, nonhypertensive group, and non-CKD group (eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that low-grade albuminuria is associated with all-cause and CV mortality. Low-grade albuminuria should be monitored, even for patients with low CV risk.
Showing Out
Authors: Jenkins Toby S , Boutte Gloria , Wynter-Hoyte Kamania 
Published: November 2021

In this essay, we center hip-hop culture and Black cultural legacies. We envision and offer a two-fold framework which illuminates the intersection between the two. We explore ways that the Black cultural experience (or better yet Black cultural praxis) has always brilliantly and organically demonstrated the shape and form of a scholarship of consequence. Black cultural praxis, or reflective action with a Black emancipatory influence, has always allowed freedom of movement, freedom of body, freedom of tongue, and freedom of voice. We translate what this cultural praxis teaches and urges regarding the transformation, unbinding, and freeing of both educators and educational spaces. We demonstrate how the intersection of hip-hop culture and Black cultural legacies can be instructive and transformative to educators. We invite educators to reimagine their classroom spaces by not only focusing on learning about hip hop but from it as well.
Dakwah Kultural terhadap Komunitas PNS di Desa Dasok Pademawu
Authors: Habibullah Yasin , Rosi Bahrur 
Published: November 2021

Dakwah kultural merupakan dakwah dengan metode yang menyesuaikan situasi dan kondisi masyarakat yang menjadi mitra dakwah. Dakwah seperti ini dilakukan dengan memanfatkan kultur suatu masyarakat sebagai media dan logistik dakwah. Dalam penelitian ini, yang menjadi mitra dakwah adalah komunitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang memiliki kultur berbeda dari mayoritas masyarakat Madura. Komunitas ini memiliki kecendrungan pada pemenuhan kebutuhan yang bersifat duniawi lebih besar daripada masyarakat Madura pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap metode dakwah kultural yang efektif kepada komunias PNS di Desa Dasok Pademawu. Demikian juga dengan tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi da’i dalam melakukan dakwah tersebut. Adapun metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah diskriptif kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu temuan bahwa, dakwah kepada komunitas PNS harus dimulai dari suatu yang bersifat mendasar dan disertakan dalil dari al-Qur’an dan lain sebagainya. Demikian juga, penggunaan bahasa yang sesuai dengan profesi mitra dakwah, dan keteladanan langsung dari da’i merupakan suatu yang sangat menunjang kesuksesan dakwah kultural tersebut.
The Business and Accounting Technology Innovation for Better Firm Performance: A Case of Malaysian Firms
Authors: A. Al-Shmam Maher , Alden Riyadh Hosam , Aisyah Alfaiza Salsabila 
Published: November 2021

Business and Accounting Technology innovation can play a significant role in enhancing economic growth and has the potential to bring about change and create opportunities for every business Within the introduction of a wide variety of new technologies during the fourth industrial revolution, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of business innovation, technology orientation and Accounting technological innovation capabilities on firm performance in the Malaysian firms. To achieve this objective 337 sample responses were collected from the business managers of Malaysian firms related to technology and innovation using the purposive sampling technique. Furthermore, this study has used explanatory purpose because of the reason that it gives effective and enhanced understanding PLS-SEM was employed for data analysis using Smart-PLS version 3.2.8. The results have shown that business innovation and technology orientation have a significantly positive effect on technology innovation capability while accounting technology innovation capability has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Implications are the Managers needs to be more aware regarding OI and TICs and how these two processes simultaneously can affect the firm performance. In addition, managers can easily use OI to develop their skills, methods, and innovation aspects. The managers are recommended to provide employees a creative environment and motivate employees to work in an open environment so that it can increase the accounting technological innovation capabilities.

Received: 3 August 2021 / Accepted: 7 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Peer Review Practices in Scientific Journals and Developmental Scholarship in South Africa: A Peer Reviewer Perspective
Authors: Sebola M. P. 
Published: November 2021

The development of science starts with investment in human capital development. Thus far arguments are that it is innovation and development of science which can assure the country of good economic, political and social development. A continuous investment in the youth in academia is a necessity to foster and continue the requirement and continuity of the development of science in academia to advance the society developmentally. This article is conceptual in approach and uses secondary literature to argue that the goal to pursue developmental scholarship, does not only lie with incapacity to mentor, but also lie with the complex peer review system which should enable the emerging researchers with an opportunity to enter the publication space. Therefore, the methodological perspective of the article is purely qualitative and based on scientific materials explored to answer the research question raised in the article. This article concludes that the goal of achieving the next generation of researchers in both academia and practice shall require a system which is highly developmental through a well-developed system of mentoring within the academic environment.

Received: 19 August 2021 / Accepted: 6 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Practitioners and Uses of Contemporary Mende Folk literature in South-Eastern Sierra Leone
Authors: Fofanah Ibrahim Mustapha , Thulla Philip Foday Yamba , Moriba Samba 
Published: November 2021

The study examined the practitioners and uses of contemporary Mende folk literature in South-eastern Sierra Leone. A qualitative research design involving 250 participants from 50 communities with 5 participants from each community was used in the study. Interviews were carried out using interview guide questions relating to folk practices, performance, and uses in the selected communities. Focus group discussions followed the interviews in 10 communities selected using simple random techniques. The findings revealed that Mende folk literature was endangered and, apart from occasional singing, household story-telling and riddling sessions done mainly by children and women, the only groups of people recognized as practitioners of Mende folk literature were the tribal and secret society heads and the community's griots, who mostly were elderly people. Mende folk literature should not only be of academic interest but rather a source of cultural rejuvenation.

Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Evolution and Sustainability: What Is It Difference?
Authors: Martynov Arkady 
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the fundamental interdisciplinary problems of evolution and sustainability. From a contemporary standpoint, the author assesses the persisting notions of social and, in particular, economic evolution. An appropriate alternative to these notions presents the framework concept of integrative sustainable development, enshrined in the UN Agenda 2030. Based on the recognized integrative vision of the sustainability problem, it is advisable to extend this concept to the entire process of transformation of society as a social system. It can be named sustainable overall social transformation (SOST). The fundamental properties of SOST and the role of key actors in its provision are revealed. As follows from the study, the current implementation of SOST will be largely associated with non-evolutionary changes. The final conclusion concerns the substantial difference between the sustainable and the preferable evolutionary trajectories of the overall social transformation in the long run.

Received: 4 August 2021 / Accepted: 6 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
The Enactment and Critique of International Accounting Standard Two
Authors: Epizitone Ayogeboh , Nxumalo Samantha Cecilia 
Published: November 2021

Harmonising the International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) globally has been the objective of national boards that seek to eliminate existing differences. The harmonisation project has been substantially efficient in realising the IFRS in emerging economies. However, concerning the international accounting standard two, the existence of different inventory valuation methods in literature is one of the dilemmas confronting the application of IAS 2 in many nations globally. This study through a comprehensive literature review discusses and present a critique on the international accounting standard two to afford insight that will be beneficial to both scholar and standard setters. The findings reveal a formidable contribution of the current asset inventory on companies and compliance levels in South Africa. Furthermore, these findings supplement prevailing body knowledge on IAS two and the value relevance of accounting inventories. Highlighting key critiques on the IAS 2 prescriptions and application internationally and also revealing the standards own crucial flaws and strengths and on companies.

Received: 6 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
The COVID-2019 Pandemic as a Catalyst of the Potential Loss of Democratic Foundations of Society’s Social Life
Authors: Perskaya Victoria Vadimovna , Аbramov Valery Leonidovich , Pishchik Victor Yakovlevich , Alekseev Peter Viktorovich , Medvedeva Marina Borisovna , Khomyakova Lyubov Igorevna 
Published: November 2021

The pandemic-2020 has come quite unexpectedly despite the repeated warnings from WHO. It turned out that the infection’s spread in all countries of the world and the new-how to resist it depends on the ability to mobilize national system of health protection. So, on the quality of the provided medical service, on the accessibility to all levels of the society and on the ability of countries’ governments to provide with proper regulation of social life self-isolation, on-line work and quarantine regimes became the most effective tools in the world. It demanded the appropriate control mostly based on new technological solutions. Remote work and the possibilities of modern technologies to track and identify people may get elaboration after the end of the pandemic-2020. There is a great possibility to lose a part of democratic freedom of society due to using new systems of social life control in order to increase countries functioning effectiveness as the main units of a polycentric model of the world order. It is emphasized that polycentrism should lead neither to the totalitarianism of power nor to the loss of democratization of social life. The government should promote this process by increasing the effectiveness of its activity not substituting it for total control based on ICT.

Received: 15 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Acting on Behalf of Another Without Consent as a Source of the Right of Obligations in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Morina Sevdai , Papajorgji Endri 
Published: November 2021

In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man or his wealth. These actions can be taken when there is a need to protect the integrity of man and his wealth, both individual and social wealth. Man performs these actions morally and without any institutional obligation. Man does the action without consent in order to save one's life or another's wealth. There is a need for such an action, because everyone sometimes in certain cases needs mutual help. With these behaviors of people, it is seen that they do not take these actions out of legal obligation, but act and should act with the consciousness and conscience of the civilized man. People who do this are driven by the need for cooperation, humanity, existence at the expense of the other, namely society. A person performs this action by perpetrating the work of another without consent for any other person. Hence, they undertake some factual and legal action for the other, sacrificing something that can be the property value and their bodily integrity. Sometimes this action must be taken because there are actions that cannot be postponed, therefore someone should take an action in such situations even when uninvited. Consequently, the subject matter analyzed in this paper is the act of perpetration of the work of another without consent as a source of the right of obligations in the Republic of Kosovo.

Received: 6 October 2021 / Accepted: 1 November 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
The Efficiency of a Group Counselling Program Based on a Problem-Solving Strategy in Reducing Psychological Stress Among Adolescent Girls of Divorced Families
Authors: Al Ali Tagreed M. , Bataineh Omar T. 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to reveal the effect of a group counseling program based on a problem-solving strategy in reducing psychological stress among adolescent girls from divorced families. The study sample consisted of (30) students from children of divorced families, in the age group (13-16) years, enrolled in one of the public schools in Zarqa in the second semester 2018/2019. To achieve the objectives of the study, a quasi-experimental design was adopted, in which the sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 15), that was exposed to the counseling program, and a control group (n = 15) for whom the program was not presented. Both groups underwent a total of two sessions per week, in which the session duration ranged between (45-60) minutes. The results of the current study indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the average performance of the members of the experimental and control groups on the psychological stress test in its psychological, cognitive, and physiological dimensions in favor of the experimental group. This indicates the program’s efficiency in reducing psychological stresses. The study recommended developing more group counseling programs to address psychological, personal, social, and behavioral issues among adolescent girls and boys from divorced families.

Received: 5 July 2021 / Accepted: 2 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021