bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Different Doses of Glucocorticoids on Distinct Subtypes of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Southern China
Authors: Ma Linzhuo , Liu Shuping , Xiao Zheman , Guan Jingxia , Liu Yin , Yao Jiajia , Lu Zuneng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe effect of Glucocorticoids (GCs) on the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been controversial. There is no information on whether specific subtypes of GBS respond differently to GCs. In this setting, we aimed to discuss whether GCs treating yield different effects in the distinct subtypes (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, AIDP; acute motor axonal neuropathy, AMAN). And further, we analyzed the impact of different doses on the outcome.MethodsMedical records of patients with a diagnosis of GBS (AIDP & AMAN) admitted to 31 tertiary hospitals, located in 14 provinces of Southern China, from 1 January 2013 to 30 September 2016, were retrospectively collected. And those patients treated with GCs alone were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsFinally, 251 classic patients with available electromyographic data were collected, including AIDP (n=189) and AMAN (n=62). After GCs treatment, the Hughes score of AIDP patients was significantly lower than that of AMAN patients at discharge (P=0.005) and 3 months after onset (P=0.000). Further analysis revealed that among AIDP patients, the high-dose group had significantly shorter hospital stay (P=0.023), lower Hughes score at nadir (P=0.000), at discharge (P=0.005), and 3 months after onset (P=0.000), compared with the low-dose group. However, for AMAN patients, the outcome difference between groups was nonsignificant.ConclusionOur data suggest that the high doses of GCs may result, at least in part, from the side of the duration of hospital stay and short-term outcome, favorable outcomes in AIDP patients. Therefore, we cannot completely deny the priority of GCs in the treatment of GBS, because the effect of different doses of GCs varies in treating different subtypes. More studies are needed in the future to further validate this issue.Trial registration: ChiCTR-RRC-17014152. Registered 26 December 2017- Retrospectively registered.
How to Improve the Function of Government Carbon Tax in Promoting Enterprise Carbon Emission Reduction: From the Perspective of Three-stage Dynamic Game
Authors: Qu Xinchi , SUN Xiangyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Flexible strategy of carbon tax is an important chip for the government to promote the implementation of carbon emission reduction. However, low-carbon technological innovation of enterprises is bound to produce market competition problems with traditional production technology. Based on this, in order to explore the relationship between heterogeneous objectives, carbon tax pricing strategy of government and decision-making of heterogeneous enterprise in the market, and how the government can make better use of carbon tax to promote the implementation of carbon emission reduction, this paper constructs and analyzes a three-stage dynamic game model between the government and heterogeneous enterprises. It is found that higher carbon tax pricing is not necessarily conducive to promote the implementation of carbon emission reduction. When the government's primary goal is to promote low-carbon technology innovative enterprise to increase innovative investment, the government should adopt the unified pricing strategy of carbon tax and improve carbon tax pricing; When the primary goal of the government is to promote the promotion of low-carbon products, the government should adopt the differentiated pricing strategy of carbon tax and reduce the carbon tax pricing of low-carbon technology innovative enterprise. In addition, this paper also studies the impact mechanism of different government pricing strategies on heterogeneous enterprise decision-making under heterogeneous objectives of government.
Association Between Weather and Utilisation of Physical Therapy in Patients With Osteoarthritis: a Case-crossover Study
Authors: Wu Ruo-Yan , Pan Ren-Hao , Wu Chiung-Yi , Chan Chien-Lung , Yeh Huan-Jui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: During varied weather conditions, patients with osteoarthritis experience different severity of symptoms and signs. However, weather may also cause barriers or incentives for patients to seek medical services. These factors may result in changes in medical utilisation; however, no studies have investigated whether the probability of physical therapy utilisation among patients with osteoarthritis is associated with changes in meteorological factors.Method: We conducted a population-based, retrospective study with a case-crossover design for patients initially diagnosed with osteoarthritis between 2000 and 2013. The meteorological factors of months with the lowest treatment rate were used as patients’ own control periods and compared with the parameters of months with high treatment frequency. The risk of exposure to different meteorological factors, including mean temperature, daily highest temperature, daily temperature difference, relative humidity, and barometric pressure, was estimated and represented by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 8,130 patients were recruited. Regardless of univariate or multivariable analysis, increased daily highest temperature enhanced the frequency of physical therapy (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p<0.01; OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03–1.09; p<0.01). When the weather was hotter (>23°C), higher daily temperature differences and humidity resulted in an increase in the utilisation of physical therapy. However, when the weather was colder (<23°C), reverse effects were observed.Conclusions: An increase in temperature increases the probability of physical therapy resource use. Therefore, temperature, along with other meteorological factors, may play a key role in the utilization of physical therapy among patients with osteoarthritis
Memory, switches, and logic gates through bistability in chemically fueled crystals
Authors: Schnitter Fabian , Riess Benedikt , Boekhoven Job 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ability to store information in chemical reaction networks is essential for evolution, calculations, and, more generally, for the complex behavior, we associate with life. In biology, cellular memory is regulated through transcriptional states that are bistable, i.e., a state that can either be on or off and can be flipped from one to another through a transient signal. Such memory circuits have been realized synthetically through the rewiring of genetic systems in vivo or through the rational design of reaction networks based on DNA and highly evolved enzymes in vitro. Completely bottom-up analogs based on small molecules are rare and hard to design and thus represent a challenge for systems chemistry. In this work, we show that bistability can be designed from an extremely simple non-equilibrium reaction cycle that is coupled to crystallization. The crystals exert the necessary feedback on the reaction cycle required for the bistability resulting in an on-state with assemblies and an off-state without. We can switch the state on and off, such that each state represents volatile memory that can be stored in continuously stirred tank reactors indefinitely despite the fact that molecules are turned over on a minute-timescale. We showcase the system’s abilities by creating a matrix display that can store images and by performing Boolean logic by coupling several switches together.
The “Needle Re-Entry” Technique for Infrainguinal Arterial Calcified Occlusive Lesions.
Authors: Haraguchi Takuya , Kashima Yoshifumi , Masanaga Tsujimoto , Watanabe Tomohiko , Shitan Hidemasa , Sugie Takuro , Hachinohe Daisuke , Kaneko Umihiko , Kobayashi Ken , Kanno Daitaro , Sato Katsuhiko , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Vascular calcification is a predictor of poor clinical outcome during and after endovascular intervention. Guidewire crossing techniques and devices have been developed, but chronic total occlusions (CTOs) with severe calcification are still significant challenging lesions in intervention field. We propose a novel guidewire crossing approach combined needle rendezvous with balloon snare technique, named the “needle re-entry” technique, for treatment of complex occlusive lesions.Main text: A 73-year-old female with severe claudication in her right calf with ankle brachial index of 0.62, and a computed tomography angiogram showed a long occlusion with diffuse calcification in superficial femoral artery. She was referred to our department to have peripheral interventions. Since the calcified vascular wall and nodule of the lesion prevented the successful re-entry with current guidewire crossing matters and devices, the “needle re-entry” was then performed. First, an antegrade 5.0-mm balloon was advanced into a subintimal plane and maintained balloon dilation at 6 atmospheres. Second, an 18-gauge needle was antegradely inserted from distal thigh to the dilated 5.0-mm balloon. After confirming a balloon rupture by the needle penetration, we continued to insert the needle to meet the retrograde guidewire tip. Then, a retrograde 0.014-in. guidewire was carefully advanced into the needle hole, named the “needle rendezvous” technique. After further guidewire advancement to accomplish a guidewire externalization, the needle was removed. Finally, since the guidewire was passing through the 5.0-mm ruptured balloon, the balloon was withdrawn, and the guidewire was captured with the balloon and successfully advanced into the antegrade subintimal space, named the “balloon snare“ technique. After the guidewire was advanced into the antegrade guiding sheath and achieved a guidewire externalization, an endovascular stent graft and an interwoven stent were deployed to cover the lesion. After postballoon dilation, an angiography　showed a satisfactory result without complications. No restenosis, reintervention, and limb loss have been observed for one year follow-up period after this technique.Conclusions: The “needle re-entry” technique is a useful guidewire crossing technique to revascularize femoropopliteal complex CTOs with severe calcification which prevent the achievement of guidewire crossing with the conventional procedures.
Association Between Divorce and Access to Healthcare Services Among Married Immigrants: Propensity Score Approaches
Authors: Bae Suyeong , Graham James E. , nam Sangun , Hong Ickpyo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Research is needed to improve access to healthcare services by minority groups. The population of married immigrants is increasing rapidly in Korea. While divorce is a social determinant of health among married immigrans, it is not clear about its association with access to healthcare services. Therefore, we examined healthcare services utilization in married immigrants.Methods: We retrieved data from 11,778 adults in the 2018 Korea National Multicultural Family Survey. We used propensity score matching methods. We analyzed whether the sex of divorced immigrants is associated with healthcare access using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Further, we analyzed the association between divorce and access to healthcare services among married immigrants. Results: There were 691 (5.8%) divorced immigrants in the data set. The married male immigrants had no association between divorce status and healthcare access (adjusted odds ratio = 1.059, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.552–2.033, p = 0.8620). Divorced immigrants were less likely to receive healthcare services than married immigrants (adjusted OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.06–1.88). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that divorce increased the risk of limited healthcare services among immigrants. Policymakers and health providers should be aware of these potential disparities in this vulnerable minority population.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Primary Pulmonary Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Middle-Aged and Elderly: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yingze Wei , Xiaoxia Jin , Jiatai Wang , Xinghua Zhu , Xudong Chen , shuyun Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma（PPRMS）in the middle-aged and elderly is a very rare event with only a few cases published. To date, only thirty-five cases of PPRMS in the middle-aged and elderly have been published. However, the analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PPRMS in the middle-aged and elderly have not been performed.Case presentation: We report an additional case of PPRMS in the middle-aged and elderly.Conclusions: PPRMS in the middle-aged and elderly was a highly malignant soft tissue tumor with obvious gender characteristics and significant age distribution. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was the most common subtype, with poor prognosis and significantly prolonged survival time after surgical resection.
CD5-Positive Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Clinicopathological Features And Survival Outcomes
Authors: Xia Yaqin , Ge Jurui , Sun Zhenchang , Nan Feifei , Wan Wenjuan , Cui Fangfang , Xu Duo , Zhang Mingzhi , Fu xiaorui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: CD5 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has a poor prognosis but the prognostic value of CD5 expression in marginal zone lymphoma is undefined. Methods: Clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, and prognostic implications of marginal zone lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed in 204 patients. We classified patients into (i) CD5-positive marginal zone lymphoma (ii) CD5-negative marginal zone Lymphoma, Fisher's exact test was used to compare the CD5-positive and CD5-negative marginal zone lymphoma. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were summarized by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test, The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: CD5 expression is rare in marginal zone lymphoma, of 204 patients, only 48 (23.53%) had CD5-positive. Due to the characterized of slow growth and locally aggressive nature, the prognosis is favorable after treatment. at the end of the followup 179 patients were still alive,163 patients never progressed. The 5-year PFS and OS rates for marginal zone lymphoma were 65.10% and 77.30% respectively, the 5-year PFS and OS rates for CD5-positive marginal zone lymphoma were 64.80% and 84.10%, there is no significant difference between CD5-positive and CD5-negative ( P =0.829, P =0.521). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformation was pathologically indicated in 6 patients, of which 5(83.33%) patients were CD5-positive marginal zone lymphoma. Conclusion: CD5 expression in marginal zone lymphoma is not independently prognostic for PFS and OS. But CD5-positive marginal zone lymphoma seems more likely to transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Neonatal Pneumothoraces With Atypical Location: The Role of Lung Ultrasound
Authors: Gregorio-Hernández Rebeca , Pérez-Pérez Alba , Alonso-Ojembarrena Almudena , Arriaga-Redondo María , Ramos-Navarro Cristina , Sánchez-Luna Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neonatal pneumothorax (NP) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Lung ultrasound (LU) has shown higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis compared to x-rays, but evidence regarding its usefulness in complex NP is lacking. We report four neonates suffering from cardiac or esophagueal malformations who developed lateral and/or posterior pneumothoraces, in which LU helped, making NP diagnosis and management easier and faster. In conclusion, LU is an easy-to-use, fast, simple and accurate tool when evaluating newborns with complex thoracic diseases.
Efficacy of Indigenous Alcoholic Beverage, Areki, Against Ticks on Cattle in Woldia Area of Ethiopia
Authors: Wale Melaku , Tadesse Eshetu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ticks are a major group of ectoparasites of livestock. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of locally brewed alcoholic beverage (areki) against ticks on cattle. A sample of 285 cattle owners were purposively selected from the study area. Experiment 1 was a spray of the test materials on affected body parts of animals (150 ml per animal). Treatments include untreated (negative control), areki, and commercial acaricide (positive control). Before spray, each animal was inspected for tick infestation, and the number, growth stage of the ticks was recorded including risk factors (age, sex, health status, feed status, size). Experiment 2 was a toxicity bioassay test of ticks, with four dilution levels with water, i.e., 100%, 50%, 25% and 0% areki by volume. In experiment 1, areki and the commercial acaricide were equally effective. Significantly more live ticks were found on the control and more dead ticks on acaricide and areki. All dilutions were effective in the toxicity bioassay test. In contrast to dead ticks, live tick numbers after spray did not vary with respect to animal health status, body size, sex, breed type, feed supply, and residence (rural and urban). According to the regression analysis, some of the study sites, type of breeds, feed supply, health status of the animal, and spray treatments played significant role in the mortality of ticks (encouraging or discouraging mortality). In general, the current study showed that areki was a promising product for the management of ticks on cattle in Woldia area of Ethiopia.
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the wave Function
Authors: Wen Shuming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The theoretical results of quantum mechanics (QM) have been verified by experiments, but the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation is still controversial, and many counterintuitive phenomena are still difficult to understand. To trace the origin of probability in QM, we construct the state function of a multiparticle quantum objective system and find that the probability in QM originates from the particle number distribution rate in a unit volume near position r at time t in the multiparticle quantum objective system. Based on the origin of probability, We find that the state function of the particle has precise physical meaning; that is, the particle periodically and alternately exhibits the particle state and wave state in time and space, obtain the localized and nonlocalized spatiotemporal range of the particle, the apparent trajectory of the particle motion. Based on this, through rigorous mathematical derivation and analysis, we propose new physical interpretations of the quantum superposition state, wave-particle duality, the double-slit experiment, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and the quantum tunnelling effect, and these interpretations are physically logical and not counterintuitive.
Prokaryotes Regulate Particulate Organic Carbon Export in Suspended and Sinking Particle Fractions
Authors: Dithugoe Choaro D. , Bezuidt Oliver K.I. , Cavan Emma L. , Froneman William P. , Thomalla Sandy J. , Makhalanyane Thulani P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOceans are crucial regulators of the global carbon cycle. Understanding the oceanic biological carbon pump (BCP) and its contribution to carbon export has been the subject of extensive research. These studies have provided quantitative evidence regarding the centrality of phytoplankton throughout the water column. In the Southern Ocean, the biological carbon pump is driven primarily by phytoplankton productivity and is an effective organic matter sink. There is evidence showing that sinking particulate organic matter (POM) sustains microbial communities with different ecological strategies (i.e., r-/K-strategists). These results suggest that the role of microbial communities on the effectiveness of the biological carbon pump should not be underestimated. However, we lack mechanistic insights regarding the importance of these microorganisms, their diversity and influence on the efficiency of the BCP.Results Here, we provide the first insights regarding prokaryotic metabolic capacity linked to suspended and sinking particles to improve our understanding of microbial contributions towards POM export in the Southern Ocean. A Marine Snow Catcher (MSC) was deployed at several stations southwest of Tasmania in the Subantarctic zone to obtain suspended and sinking particulate material for determining carbon and nitrogen flux. Metagenomic analysis and metagenomic-assembled genomes showed that both the suspended and sinking particle-pools were dominated by bacteria with metabolic capacity for degrading POM (e.g. Gammaproteobacteria MAGs). Archaeal genomes (Poseidoniia and Nitrososphaeria) appear to drive nitrogen metabolism via nitrite and ammonia oxidation in these communities. Results suggest that for bacteria r-strategists were more ubiquitous in the suspended pool while K-strategists were more prevalent in the sinking particle-pool, with the opposite being true for archaea. In addition, metabolic reconstructions suggest that prokaryotes harbour substantial genetic capacity for degrading complex POM and chemoautotrophic synthesis of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) from CO2. ConclusionThe metagenome assembled genomes from sinking and suspended size fractions and carbon flux determinations revealed striking trends regarding prokaryotic contributions in the water column. The results show that the predicted lifestyles for bacteria and archaea may differ substantially in sinking and suspended fractions, suggesting niche specificity. Together, our data suggest that prokaryotes in suspended and sinking particles may enhance POM export via the production of RDOC in the Southern Ocean.
Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine as a Perineural Adjuvant for Postoperative Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Jingwen , Zheng Jun , Zheng Bin , Ruan Xiangcai , investigators Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine-Induced supraclav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeDexmedetomidine has been proposed as an additive to local anesthetics to prolong peripheral nerve block duration; however, perineural dexmedetomidine has been associated with an increased risk of bradycardia and hypotension This randomized controlled study investigated the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine as a perineural adjuvant for postoperative analgesia.MethodsFifty-five patients who had undergone elective upper extremity surgery were randomized to receive an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine with or without 30 µg dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. Secondary outcomes included the onset time and duration of the motor and sensory blocks, incidence of hypotension and bradycardia, total postoperative analgesics, and safety assessment during the 24 h after surgery.ResultsDexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia (887 ± 92 min vs 661 ± 83 min, P<0.0001). The onset time and the duration of motor and sensory block were significantly different between the groups (all P<0.001). No episodes of hypotension or bradycardia were detected in the dexmedetomidine group. The total postoperative analgesic use and side effect profiles in the first 24 h postoperative period were similar for both groups.ConclusionsLow-dose dexmedetomidine (30 µg) as a perineural adjuvant significantly prolonged the analgesic duration of a brachial plexus block without inducing hemodynamic instability.This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT02630290).