bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS IN HUMANS OF AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG BASED ON CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS WITH SPECIFIC DESIGN AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION AGAINST COVID-19 SYMPTOMS IN A GROUP OF INFECTED PATIENTS VS. CONTROL GROUP
Authors: Angulo Orlando , Restrepo Hector Fabio , León Higuera José Gabriel , Leon Garcia Mario , Mendive Fernando , Politi Matteo 
Published: June 2021

Objective

To establish the therapeutic action of a nicotinic cholinergic agonist agent composition in synergy with other non-cholinergic molecules (CA) in the COVID-19 symptoms in a group of human patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 vs. control group.

Methods

Randomized open-label trial pilot study where 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive standard of care (SOC) treatment as outpatient treatment after PCR+ test; SOC plus CA was administered in the intervention group (40 patients). SOC was administered in the control group (40 patients).

Basic Odds Ratio study (95% confidence interval) in 40 patients for intervention group and 40 patients for the control group. The evaluation in the groups was carried out during 15 days assessing the improvement or worsening of each symptom daily.

Results:

Fever (OR=0.897), Cough (OR = 0.571), Dyspnea (OR = 0.460), Muscle fatigue (OR = 0.250), Cephalea (OR = 0,570), Ageusia (OR = 0.150), Anosmia (OR = 0.650), General malaise (OR = 0.316), Nasal congestion (OR= 0.890), are less than 1 converting the use of the cholinergic agent in a protective and therapeutic factor showing therefore improvement of these symptoms, after its use, compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

The positive results obtained on the symptoms caused by COVID-19 by delivering mixture of cholinergic agonists molecules and other non-cholinergic supportive molecules (CA) with special oral and nasal route of administration and specific pharmacological design against COVID-19 in humans infected by SARS-CoV-2 versus the control group is a (novel) promising therapeutic approach to fight SARS-COV-2. Larger multicentrical trials in humans are encouraged.
Метанның конверсиясына қолданылатын катализаторлар
Authors: Мылтыкбаева Л , Досумов K , Ергазиева Г , Тельбаева М , Жанатова Ә , Асанов Н , Макаева Н , Шаймерден Ж 
Published: June 2021

Бұл мақалада табиғи газды каталитикалық өңдеудің метанның жартылай, толық, су буымен, көмірқышқылды тотығуы және ыдырау секілді заманауи бағыттары көрсетілген. Үлкен энергетикалық ресурстарымен бай Қазақстан үшін газ ресурстарын құнды химиялық өнімдерді алуға мүмкіндік беретін жаңа газхимиялық технологияларды құру маңызды болып табылады. Қазіргі уақытта осы реакцияларға негізделген процестер өндірісте Қазақстанда жүзеге асырылған жоқ. Реакциялардың әрқайсысы үшін жақсы өнімділікке жететін каталитикалық жүйелер көрсетілген. Барлық процестерде ауыспалы валентті металдар негізіндегі оксидті катализаторлар белсенді де тиімді болып табылады. Болашақта осы катализаторлардың белсенділігін арттыру бағытында жұмыс жасалуы қажет. Катализаторлар тасымалдағыштың ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша капиллярлы сіңіру әдісімен дайындалып, 2000С 2 сағат бойы кептіріліп, 5000С-та 3 сағат қақталды.
Мақала бойынша синтез-газ алу үшін метанның жартылай тотығу реакциясында никель-цирконий (3%NiО-2%ZrО2) негіздегі катализатор белсенділік көрсетті. Аталған катализатор бойынша реакция өнімдері - Н2 - 60.5 көл.%, СО - 30.5 көл.% құрады. Метанның көмірқышқылды конверсиясы реакциясындағы никель-кобальт-церий (3%NiО-7%Со2О3-0,5%Сe2O3) катализаторында метанның конверсиясы 95,6%-ды құрады және сутегі мен көміртегі монооксидінің шығымы 47,0 және 45,9 көл %-ға тең. Церий оксидімен модифирленген 3%NiО-2%СеО2/γ-Al2O3 катализаторы метанның толықтай тотығу реакциясында төменгі температураның өзінде (350 оС) метанның 29,6% конверсияға ұшырайды. Метанның сутегі газына ыдырау реакциясы үшін темір негізіндегі катализаторлар тиімді болып табылады. 5 мас.% Fe/ɣ-Al2O3 катализаторында 700оС кезінде метанның конверсиясы 2% құрап, 850оС-та оның мөлшері 13 % -ға және сутегі газының шығымы 5,8 көл.% - ға дейін артатынын көруге болады.
Apert Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder
Authors: Hassan Mahmuda , Yasmeen B H Nazma , Khan Masuma , Mukti Afsana 
Published: June 2021

Apert syndrome is a rare type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome having autosomal dominant inheritance due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptors gene. New or fresh mutations are also frequent. It is characterized by dysmorphic face, craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of the hands and feet. Apert syndrome affects the first branchial or pharyngeal arch, the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Disturbances in the development of branchial arches during fetal period create extensive malformation in different parts of the body. Management of Apert syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach. We, hereby, report a case of a 45-days old baby with Apert syndrome.
Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 475-477
Estudio de clonalidad de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistentes circulantes en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, Perú (2015-2018)
Authors: Bieli-Bianchi Gabriela Soza , Acuña Fernández Hortencia , Pons María Jesús 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de clonalidad en cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae que presentan multiresistencia a los antimicrobianos circulantes en el Instituto Materno- Perinatal de Lima, Perú. Metodología: el presente estudio es retrospectivo, experimental, transversal que comprende a las cepas de K.pneumoniae aisladas durante el período 2015-2018. Se analizó los niveles de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos mediante la técnica de difusión en Disco interpretada por el CLSI 2019. Se estableció la relación clonal por la técnica de Gel de Elecroforesis de Campo Pulsado (PFGE de sus siglas en ingles). Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 36 aislados de K. pneumoniae de diferentes orígenes clínicos, un 23(64%) hemocultivos, 9 (25%) de secreciones y 4 (11%) de coprocultivos. Se encontraron niveles elevados de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en cotrimoxazole (97%), cefalosporinas (entre 67%-89%) y gentamicina (67%). Destacar que la sensibilidad disminuida es importante en quinolonas (36-47%), y moderada a Piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoina y cloranfenicol (25%), mientras que Amikacina presentó solo un 14% de resistencia. Un 78% de las cepas fueron cepas productoras de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). El PFGE mostró 16 pulsotipos diferentes, mostrando cepas relacionadas en el mismo espacio y tiempo. Conclusión: Los niveles de resistencia encontrados fueron elevadas, y el número de cepas relacionadas también fue importante, evidenciando una transmisión de K.pneumoniae entre diferentes pacientes, mostrando una diseminación del microorganismo.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión vertical del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana durante la gestación
Authors: Moreno Reyes Katherin Faviola , Ayala Peralta Félix Dasio , Velásquez Vásquez Carlos 
Published: June 2021

La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) continúa siendo un problema de salud perinatal a nivel global y en nuestro país, por el incremento de contagio en mujeres embarazadas que corren el riesgo para la transmisión vertical del VIH hacia su bebé durante el embarazo, parto y lactancia materna.
Diversas publicaciones mencionan que la prevalencia de transmisión vertical del VIH varía según distintos autores entre 3,8% a 17 %. En el Perú se reporta en 4%.
Entre los factores de riesgo asociados a transmisión vertical del VIH se mencionan: ausencia de terapia antirretroviral durante la atención prenatal con razón de posibilidades ajustada (ORa) que varían entre 2,41 a 17,20; ausencia de programa de prevención de la transmisión de madre a hijo del VIH con ORa de 4,6 a 40,6; ausencia de control prenatal ORa 4,6; parto domiciliario con ORa de 3,35 a 8,10; parto por cesárea de emergencia con OR de 4,32; ausencia de profilaxis antirretroviral al recién nacido ORa de 3,4 a 5,83 y alta carga viral en el embarazo entre 4,0 % a 8,5%.
Observations of Earth’s Normal Modes on Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometers
Authors: Laske Gabi 
Published: June 2021

It is generally thought that high noise levels in the oceans inhibit the observation of long-period earthquake signals such as Earth’s normal modes on ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Here, we document the observation of Earth’s gravest modes at periods longer than 500 s (or frequencies below 2 mHz). We start with our own 2005–2007 Plume-Lithosphere-Undersea-Mantle Experiment (PLUME) near Hawaii that deployed a large number of broadband OBSs for the first time. We collected high-quality normal mode spectra for the great November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake on multiple OBSs. The random deployment of instruments from different OBS groups allows a direct comparison between different broadband seismometers. For this event, modeS06(1.038 mHz) consistently rises above the background noise at all OBSs that had a Nanometrics Trillium T-240 broadband seismometer. We also report observations of other deployments in the Pacific ocean that involved instruments of the U.S. OBS Instrument Pool (OBSIP) where we observe even modeS04(0.647 mHz). Earth’s normal modes were never the initial target of any OBS deployment, nor was any other ultra-low-frequency signal. However, given the high costs of an OBS campaign, the fact that data are openly available to future investigators not involved in the campaign, and the fact that seismology is evolving to investigate ever-new signals, this paper makes the case that the investment in a high-quality seismic sensor may be a wise one, even for a free-fall OBS.
Identification of Clinical Relevant Molecular Subtypes of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Saddozai Umair Ali Khan , Wang Fengling , Akbar Muhammad Usman , Zhang Lu , An Yang , Zhu Wan , Xie Longxiang , Li Yongqiang , Ji Xinying , Guo Xiangqian 
Published: June 2021

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal gland with a high rate of mortality if diagnosed at a late stage. Common symptoms of pheochromocytoma include headache, anxiety, palpitation, and diaphoresis. Different treatments are under observation for PCC but there is still no effective treatment option. Recently, the gene expression profiling of various tumors has provided new subtype-specific options for targeted therapies. In this study, using data sets from TCGA and the GSE19422 cohorts, we identified two distinct PCC subtypes with distinct gene expression patterns. Genes enriched in Subtype I PCCs were involved in the dopaminergic synapse, nicotine addiction, and long-term depression pathways, while genes enriched in subtype II PCCs were involved in protein digestion and absorption, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and ECM receptor interaction pathways. We further identified subtype specific genes such as ALK, IGF1R, RET, and RSPO2 for subtype I and EGFR, ESR1, and SMO for subtype II, the overexpression of which led to cell invasion and tumorigenesis. These genes identified in the present research may serve as potential subtype-specific therapeutic targets to understand the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Our findings may further guide towards the development of targeted therapies and potential molecular biomarkers against PCC.
Pre-Menopausal Women With Breast Cancers Having High AR/ER Ratios in the Context of Higher Circulating Testosterone Tend to Have Poorer Outcomes
Authors: Rajarajan Savitha , Korlimarla Aruna , Alexander Annie , Anupama C. E. , Ramesh Rakesh , Srinath B. S. , Sridhar T. S. , Prabhu Jyothi S. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeWomen with breast tumors with higher expression of AR are in general known to have better survival outcomes while a high AR/ER ratio is associated with poor outcomes in hormone receptor positive breast cancers mostly in post menopausal women. We have evaluated the AR/ER ratio in the context of circulating androgens specifically in patients younger than 50 years most of whom are pre-menopausal and hence have a high estrogenic hormonal milieu.MethodsTumor samples from patients 50 years or younger at first diagnosis were chosen from a larger cohort of 270 patients with median follow-up of 72 months. Expression levels of ER and AR proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transcript levels by quantitative PCR. Ciculating levels of total testosterone were estimated from serum samples. A ratio of AR/ER was derived using the transcript levels, and tumors were dichotomized into high and low ratio groups based on the third quartile value. Survival and the prognostic significance of the ratio was compared between the low and high ratio groups in all tumors and also within ER positive tumors. Results were further validated in external datasets (TCGA and METABRIC).ResultsEighty-eight (32%) patients were ≤50 years, with 22 having high AR/ER ratio calculated using the transcript levels. Circulating levels of total testosterone were higher in women whose tumors had a high AR/ER ratio (p = 0.02). Tumors with high AR/ER ratio had significantly poorer disease-free survival than those with low AR/ER ratio [HR-2.6 (95% CI-1.02–6.59) p = 0.04]. Evaluation of tumors with high AR/ER ratio within ER positive tumors alone reconfirmed the prognostic relevance of the high AR/ER ratio with a significant hazard ratio of 4.6 (95% CI-1.35–15.37, p = 0.01). Similar trends were observed in the TCGA and METABRIC dataset.ConclusionOur data in pre-menopausal women with breast cancer suggest that it is not merely the presence or absence of AR expression but the relative activity of ER, as well as the hormonal milieu of the patient that determine clinical outcomes, indicating that both context and interactions ultimately influence tumor behavior.
The Accuracy of Near Infrared Autofluorescence in Identifying Parathyroid Gland During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhu Chun-Rong , Liu Hong , Yao Xin-Min , Wu Jian 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe aim to assess the accuracy of near infrared autofluorescence in identifying parathyroid gland during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted by using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases for studies that were published up to February 2021. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also reviewed. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted the data. A random-effects model was used to calculate the combined variable. Publication bias in these studies was evaluated with the Deeks’ funnel plots.ResultA total of 24 studies involving 2,062 patients and 6,680 specimens were included for the meta-analysis. The overall combined sensitivity and specificity, and the area under curve of near infrared autofluorescence were 0.96, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively. Significant heterogeneities were presented (Sen: I2 = 87.97%, Spe: I2 = 65.38%). In the subgroup of thyroid surgery, the combined sensitivity and specificity, and the area under curve of near infrared autofluorescence was 0.98, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively, and the heterogeneities were moderate (Sen: I2 = 59.71%, Spe: I2 = 67.65%).ConclusionNear infrared autofluorescence is an excellent indicator for identifying parathyroid gland during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Acidic Microenvironment Aggravates the Severity of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating M1-Polarization Through Regulating PPAR-γ Signal
Authors: Ding Wei , Duan Yunfei , Qu Zhen , Feng Jiawei , Zhang Rongsheng , Li Xiaodong , Sun Donglin , Zhang Xiaoying , Lu Yunjie 
Published: June 2021

Hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion (HIRI) is a major clinical problem after liver resection or transplantation. The polarization of macrophages plays an important role in regulating the severity of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recent evidence had indicated that the ischemia induces an acidic microenvironment by causing increased anaerobic glycolysis and accumulation of lactic acid. We hypothesize that the acidic microenvironment might cause the imbalance of intrahepatic immunity which aggravated HIRI. The hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established to investigate the effect of the acidic microenvironment to liver injury. Liposomes were used to deplete macrophages in vivo. Macrophages were cultured under low pH conditions to analyze the polarization of macrophages in vitro. Activation of the PPAR-γ signal was determined by Western blot. PPAR-γ agonist GW1929 was administrated to functionally test the role of PPAR-γ in regulating macrophage-mediated effects in the acidic microenvironment during HIRI. We demonstrate that acidic microenvironment aggravated HIRI while NaHCO3 reduced liver injury through neutralizing the acid, besides, liposome abolished the protective ability of NaHCO3 through depleting the macrophages. In vivo and vitro experiment showed that acidic microenvironment markedly promoted M1 polarization but inhibited M2 polarization of macrophage. Furthermore, the mechanistic study proved that the PPAR-γ signal was suppressed during the polarization of macrophages under pH = 6.5 culture media. The addition of PPAR-γ agonist GW1929 inhibited M1 polarization under acidic environment and reduced HIRI. Our results indicate that acidic microenvironment is a key regulator in HIRI which promoted M1 polarization of macrophages through regulating PPAR-γ. Conversely, PPAR-γ activation reduced liver injury, which provides a novel therapeutic concept to prevent HIRI.
Oral Vaccination Approaches for Anti-SHIV Immunity
Authors: Velarde de la Cruz Erandi , Wang Lingyun , Bose Deepanwita , Gangadhara Sailaja , Wilson Robert L. , Amara Rama R. , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Aldovini Anna 
Published: June 2021

We modified a Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) vector to permit secretion of the antigens of interest with the goal of improving anti-HIV Env humoral responses in a SHIV mucosal immunization composed of DNA and recombinant OPVs. We evaluated stimulation of systemic and mucosal cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Rhesus macaques by two regimens, both involving a prime with a SHIVBG505 DNA construct producing non-infectious particles formulated in lipid nanoparticles, administered in the oral cavity, and two different viral vector boostings, administered in the oral cavity and intestinally. Group 1 was boosted with rMVA-SHIVBG505, expressing SIV Gag/Pol and HIVBG505 Env. Group 2 was boosted with a SHIVBG505-OPV vaccine including a non-secreting SIVmac239CA-p6-OPV, expressing Gag CA, NC and p6 proteins, and a HIVBG505C1-V2-OPV, secreting the C1-V2 fragment of HIV EnvBG505, recognized by the broadly neutralizing antibody PG16. A time course analysis of anti-SHIV Gag and Env CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in PBMC and in lymph node, rectal, and vaginal MNC was carried out. Both regimens stimulated significant cell-mediated responses in all compartments, with SHIVBG505-OPV immunization stimulating more significant levels of responses than rMVA- SHIVBG505. Boolean analysis of these responses revealed predominantly monofunctional responses with multifunctional responses also present in all tissues. Stimulation of antibody responses was disappointing in both groups with negative anti-SHIV IgG in plasma, and IgA in salivary, rectal and vaginal secretions being restricted to a few animals. After repeated rectal challenge with SHIVBG505, two Group 1 animals remained uninfected at challenge termination. No significant differences were observed in post-infection viral loads between groups. After the acute phase decline, CD4+ T cell percentages returned to normal levels in vaccinated as well as control animals. However, when compared to controls, vaccinate groups had more significant preservation of PBMC and rectal MNC Th17/Treg ratios, considered the strongest surrogate marker of progression to AIDS. We conclude that the vaccine platforms used in this study are insufficient to stimulate significant humoral immunity at the tested doses and schedule but sufficient to stimulate significant mucosal and systemic cell-mediated immunity, impacting the preservation of key Th17 CD4+ T cells in blood and rectal mucosa.
Effects of Fibrin Clot Inhibitors and Statins on the Intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guérin Therapy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Zhiyong , Hu Jiao , Othmane Belaydi , Li Huihuang , Qiu Dongxu , Yi Zhenglin , Chen Jinbo , Zu Xiongbing 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of fibrin clot inhibitors (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin) and statins on intravesical BCG therapy.MethodA systematic literature search was carried out through PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Search Library in March 2020. Accumulative analyses of odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratio (HR), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. All analyses were performed by using Review Manager software version 5.3 and Stata 15.1.ResultsFour cohort studies and nine case–control studies containing 3,451 patients were included. The pooled analysis indicated that statins (HR = 1.00; 95%CI, 0.82 to 1.22; p = 1.00) and fibrin clot inhibitors (HR = 1.01; 95%CI, 0.64 to 1.59; p = 0.98) did not affect the efficacy of BCG on recurrence-free survival. The cumulative analysis showed that statins (HR = 0.79; 95%CI, 0.41 to 1.49; p = 0.46) and fibrin clot inhibitors (HR = 1.62; 95%CI, 0.90 to 2.91; p = 0.11) did not affect the efficacy of BCG on progression-free survival. There were no differences on cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.68; 95%CI, 0.64 to 4.40; p = 0.29) and overall survival (HR = 1.13; 95%CI, 0.73 to 1.78; p = 0.58) after taking statins.ConclusionThe present study shows that the application of fibrin clot inhibitors and statins do not influence the efficacy of BCG on oncological prognosis. Consequently, we do not need to stop using them or change to other drugs during intravesical BCG treatment. However, large-scale multi-center prospective research is still needed to confirm the above conclusions.