bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopsy for molecular risk stratification in uveal melanoma: Yields and molecular characteristics in 119 patients
Authors: Lin Vivian , Chung In Young , Toumi Elsa , McKay Daniel , McKenzie John , McKelvie Penny , Zabih Farida , Hoffmeister Alexandra , Wright Dale , Ntzaferi Aphrodite , Wu Iris Junhong , Hesson Luke , Fung Adrian , Lim Li‐Anne , Wong Stephen , Field Andrew , Earls Peter , Giblin Michael , Conway Robert Max , Cherepanoff Svetlana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic cytological and molecular features of uveal melanoma have been well researched and are essential in management. Samples can be obtained in vivo through fine needle aspirate biopsy, vitrector cutter, forceps or post‐enucleation for off‐site testing. This study aims to examine cytological and chromosome microarray yields of these samples.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of 119 uveal melanoma biopsies submitted to our laboratory. Samples included those taken in vivo (n = 57) and post‐enucleation (n = 62). Patient and tumour features were collected including age, sex, primary tumour location, basal diameter and tumour height. Prognostic outcomes measured include cell morphology, chromosomal status and immunohistochemistry.ResultsPost‐enucleation biopsies accounted for just over half of our samples (52%). Post‐enucleation samples had a more successful genetic yield than in vivo biopsies (77% vs. 50%, p = 0.04) though there was no difference for cytological yields. There was no difference in cytological or microarray yields between instruments. The vitrector biopsy group had the smallest tumour thickness (5 mm vs. 10 mm [fine‐needle aspirate biopsy], p = 0.003). There was a strong correlation between monosomy 3, BAP1 aberrancy and epithelioid cell type in post‐enucleation samples (Tb = 0.742, p = 0.005). However, epithelioid morphology was not associated with either monosomy 3 (p = 0.07) or BAP1 aberrancy (p = 0.24) for in vivo biopsies.ConclusionsAll three biopsy instruments provide similar cytological yields as post‐enucleation sampling, although post‐enucleation samples had a more successful chromosome microarray yield. Epithelioid cytomorphology alone is insufficient for prognostication in in vivo biopsies, immunohistochemistry would be a useful surrogate test.
Involvement of children and young people in care order decision‐making—A Danish perspective
Authors: Lausten Mette , Kloppenborg Hans Skov 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChildren and young people's right to participate in decisions affecting their lives has received considerable attention in recent years; however, there is no fixed definition of what their involvement means in practice and there is no consensus regarding how to determine the level of involvement. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the involvement of vulnerable young people in their own case processing. Based on quantitative measures of young people's relationships to their caseworkers, how well informed they feel and how much influence they seem to have, we analysed how involved young people feel in their own case processing and we show significant differences in involvement using a combination of survey and administrative data. We found considerable co‐existence of poor well‐being and poor involvement. By sampling a large proportion of the total group, and by receiving answers from 2334 young people, corresponding to one in five of all vulnerable young people in either out‐of‐home care or receiving in‐home preventive care, we are able to show significant differences in involvement. Consequently, we argue that questionnaire‐based surveys can help nuance the understanding of involvement challenges.
Gender quotas and company financial performance: A systematic review
Authors: Yu Jeong Jin , Madison Guy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral countries have mandated sex quotas on corporate boards of directors. We systematically reviewed empirical studies that compared company profitability and financial performance before and after introducing legislated quotas. The search yielded 348 unique hits and nine studies were retained, including 20 effects. Four were null, 11 were negative, and five were positive, all of the latter for Italian and French companies. We conclude that quotas for women on corporate boards have mainly decreased company performance and that several moderating factors must be taken into account when assessing causal effects of quotas on company performance.
Left atrial volume index predicts adverse events in asymptomatic moderate or severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Rajani Ronak , Tadic Marijana , Parkin Denise , Chambers John B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn aortic stenosis (AS), chronic pressure overload on left ventricle (LV) leads to LV hypertrophy, impaired relaxation, increased chamber stiffness, fibrosis and left atrial (LA) dilatation. An enlarged LA may be a marker of longstanding diastolic dysfunction (DD) and more advanced disease in AS. We aimed to assess the impact of LA volume index (LAVI) on events in patients with moderate or severe AS.MethodsA total of 324 patients (mean age 69 ± 13 years, 61% men) were included. LA volume was measured by biplane Simpson's method using apical four‐ and two‐chamber views and indexed to body surface area. An increased LAVI was defined as > 34 ml/m2.ResultsThe mean EF was 64 ± 8%, LAVI 35 ± 14 ml/m2 and flow rate 244 ± 70 ml/s. The number of total events was 275 (85%): 243 (75%) aortic valve replacement and 32 (10%) deaths. Mean follow‐up 23.7 ± 23.8 months (median 15.2 months). An increased LAVI (45% [n = 145]) was associated with adverse events (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.24–2.82, p = 0.003) independent of age, smoking, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, LV ejection fraction, LV mass, aortic valve area, and low flow rate (<200 ml/s). In the same multivariate model, when increased LAVI was replaced by E/e′ ratio ≥14 cm, no association was found between E/e’ ratio ≥14 cm and adverse events (HR 1.18; 95% CI .78–1.78, p = 0.430).ConclusionLAVI was an independent predictor of adverse events in patients with moderate or severe AS and preserved ejection fraction. Including LAVI in the risk assessment of AS patients may further improve risk stratification.
Carotid vascular strain predicts cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Chuan , Lee Wen‐Huang , Tsai Huey‐Ru , Huang Mu‐Shiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground: We aim to investigate prognostic effects of carotid strain (CS) and strain rate (CSR) in hypertension.Methods: We prospectively recruited 120 patients being treated for hypertension (65.8 ± 11.8 years, 58% male) in this observational study. Peak circumferential CS and peak CSR after ejection were identified using two‐dimensional speckle tracking ultrasound. Major cardiovascular events were any admission for stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure.Results: After a mean follow‐up period of 63.6 ± 14.5 months, 14 (12%) patients had cardiovascular events. Age (75.3 ± 9.2 vs 64.6 ± 11.6 years; p = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (131.8 ± 15.5 vs 143.1 ± 16.6 mm Hg; p = 0.021), diastolic blood pressure (74.6 ±11.4 vs 82.1 ± 12.2 mm Hg; p = 0.039), use of diuretics (71 vs 92%; p = 0.014), carotid CS (2.17 ± 1.02 vs 3.28 ± 1.14 %; p = 0.001), and CSR (.28 ± .17 vs .51 ± .18 1/s; p < 0.001) were significantly different between the patients who did and did not reach the end‐points. Multivariate Cox regression analysis controlling for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and use of diuretics showed that CS (HR .425, 95%CI .223–.811, p = 0.009) and CSR (HR .001, 95%CI .000–.072, p = 0.001) were independent predictors for cardiovascular events.Conclusion: In conclusions, decreased CS and CSR were associated with cardiovascular events in hypertension.
Is there a relation between long non‐coding RNA MALAT‐1 and miRNA‐9 in Egyptian patients with Vitiligo?
Authors: Raia Nesreen M. Abo , Shaker Olfat G. , Hassan Zeinab M. , Abd elrahim Talal A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo conduct a clinical biochemical study that aids in investigation of some non‐coding RNA expressions and polymorphisms (including long non‐coding RNAs and miRNAs) namely, MALAT‐1 and miR‐9 in attempt to provide new diagnostic biomarkers in vitiligo patients for Egyptians. Twenty patients having vitiligo and other twenty apparently controls were included in this study. Serum and biopsy were taken where patients were classified into lesional and peri‐lesional groups. Laboratory and pathological investigations were assessed. Serum miR‐9 and long‐non coding MALAT‐1 were measured. Vitiligo patients had a mean age of 36.40±13.75. The mean serum miR‐9 level in patients group (4.28 ± 1.70) was significantly higher than in the control (1.05 ± 0.12) (p = 0.001). The MALAT‐1 level in vitiligo patients was (3.65 ± 1.30) significantly higher than control (1.45 ± 0.15) (p = 0.001). There was a positive association between the expression levels of MALAT‐1and miR‐9in serum and tissue as well where p‐value <0.05. miR‐9 as well as long non‐coding MALAT‐1 may be considered as biomarkers for vitiligo susceptibility which may provide a new direction for treatment.
Integrated assessment of the role of bioenergy within the EU energy transition targets to 2050
Authors: Mandley Steven , Wicke Birka , Junginger H. , van Vuuren Detlef , Daioglou Vassilis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBioenergy is considered an important component within the European Union (EU) energy transition to meet mid‐century climate targets. Model assessments that have highlighted the role of bioenergy in decarbonising EU energy systems fail to account for the fact that mitigation strategies and bioenergy supply take place within a global decarbonisation effort. Thus, they do not account for inter‐regional competition for the resource base that Europe may face. This study shows how bioenergy can contribute to EU climate targets, highlighting its possible role within the energy system and developments required to facilitate its scale‐up. We use the global integrated assessment model IMAGE 3.2 to project bioenergy demand, sectoral deployment, feedstock, and inter‐regional import for Europe to 2050. Employing a global model allows for projections of EU decarbonisation strategies consistent with global climate targets and captures the effects of biomass production and consumption in other world regions. Bioenergy is projected to account for up to 27% of total primary energy demand, increasing from the current 5EJ to 18EJ/yr. To match this demand, the model projects imports of biomass to increase from 4% of its current supply to 60%. Bioenergy could provide up to 1GtCO2 or 40% of the overall mitigation needed by the EU in 2050. This is based on large‐scale use for power production, with the transport, industry and buildings sectors getting smaller shares. By 2050 it is projected that 55% of total EU bioenergy use is coupled with Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Bioenergy supply comes primarily for agricultural and forestry residues, as these sources have low upstream greenhouse gas emissions. However, as demand increases, energy crops are increasingly used, especially in the provision of advanced liquid fuels. The results show that one route for achieving an EU energy transition is based on rapid deployment of BECCS and the mobilisation of sustainable imports of second‐generation feedstocks.
The death of the author in place names: A Barthesian intervention into critical toponymy
Authors: Düzgün Doğuş 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past 2 decades, the critical toponymy literature reached a certain level, both qualitatively and quantitatively, that it is now both possible and necessary to subject the field itself to a critical evaluation. This study aims to make such a critical inquiry by arguing that although there has been important progress in critical toponymy studies, the field still has a tendency to approach place names on the basis of a hierarchy between ‘powerful hegemonic groups’ that control the official naming institutions and ‘weak masses’ who use place names in their everyday lives. This tendency, in turn, limits the critical toponymists by not allowing them to conceive what lies beyond the rejection and acceptance of hegemonic power. Although this article does not propose a clear‐cut solution to this problem, it assumes that critical toponymists may learn from Roland Barthes who attempted to solve similar problems in literature by declaring the death of the author and the birth of the reader.
A COMSOL‐PHREEQC Coupled Python Framework for Reactive Transport Modeling in Soil and Groundwater
Authors: Wei Yaqiang , Cao Xinde 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe CPqPy framework coupling COMSOL and PHREEQC based on Python was developed. This framework can achieve the simulation of diversified situations including multi‐physics coupling and geochemical reactions of soil and groundwater. The multi‐physics coupling models are calculated in COMSOL, whereas PHREEQC was applied to calculate the geochemical models through the Phreeqpy library in Python. Feasibility and accuracy of CPqPy were verified and applied to two cases, including a solute transport model considering equilibrium reaction and ion exchange as well as a reactive transport model of a variable saturation soil considering kinetic reaction. The results show a high degree of credibility of CPqPy. The framework has the advantages of strong portability, and it can be further used in conjunction with multiple Python calculation libraries, which greatly extends the application of the reactive transport model.
Dental caries experience in primary school‐age children following "Students’ Oral Health Promotion Program," Iran
Authors: Shirahmadi Samane , Khazaei Salman , Meschi Marjaneh , Miresmaeili Amir Farhang , Barkhordar Shagaeg , Heidari Ali , Bashirian Saeid , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Dadae Neda , Farzian Shahnaz , Gafari Abdollah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed at determining the changes in dental caries experience in elementary school‐age children following 5 years of the Students’ Oral Health Promotion Program implementation.MethodsIn the present study, totally 2920 elementary school students participated and were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Based on the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods manual (4th edition), dental caries indices in primary and permanent teeth were assessed by clinical examination in schools. Data on socio‐demographic characteristics and dental factors were collected through interviews based on questionnaire. The logistic and linear regression was used for data analysis.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the elementary school children was 9.45 (1.71) years, and 1481 (50.7%) were boys. There was a significant difference between genders, age, dental pain experience and student's parent supervision with dmft, DMFT and their caries status. For 1‐year increase in age, 1.67 times increase in DMFT and 0.33 decrease in dmft were predicted. Girls had higher odds of DMFT. In contrast, the odds of dmft for girls were significantly lower compared with boys. Students with dental pain experience had significantly higher odds of DMFT and dmft. The Significant Caries Index (SiC) score for permanent dentition in 12‐year‐old children was 5.47. Sex was significantly correlated with SiC index. The odds of developing Sic was 0.98 times lower in girls than in boys.ConclusionsDental caries was identified as a major public health problem among the elementary school students despite the implementation of the national project for oral health promotion.
Chronic apical periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice and leads to changes in the diversity of gut microbiota
Authors: Gan Guowu , Lu Beibei , Zhang Ren , Luo Yufang , Chen Shuai , Lei Huaxiang , Li Yijun , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) on atherosclerosis and gut microbiota by establishing a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)‐induced CAP in an apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice model.MethodologyTwenty‐eight male apoE−/− mice were divided into two groups with 14 in each: CAP group and control group. In the CAP group, sterile cotton wool containing 108 colony‐forming units of P. gingivalis was placed into the pulp chamber after pulp exposure followed by coronal resin filling in bilateral maxillary first and second molars. The mice were fed with a chow diet to induce atherosclerosis. Animals were euthanized 16 weeks after the operation, and the periapical lesions of bilateral maxillary first and second molars were assessed by micro‐CT. After collection of aortic arches, atherosclerotic lesions were measured by Oil Red O staining. Serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Stools were collected to detect alterations in gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Independent samples t‐test was used to calculate the difference between the two groups.ResultsCAP was observed in 98.2% of molars. A significant increase in atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aortic arches was found in the CAP groups (CAP: 2.001% ± 0.27%, control: 0.927% ± 0.22%, p = .005). No significant difference was observed between sevum level of HDL‐C (CAP: 2.295 ± 0.31 mmol/L, Control: 3.037 ± 0.55 mmol/L, p = .264) or LDL‐C (CAP: 17.066 ± 3.95 mmol/L, Control: 10.948 ± 1.69 mmol/L, p = .177) in CAP group and Control group. There were no significant differences in TG (CAP: 1.076 ± 0.08 mmol/L, control: 1.034 ± 0.13 mmol/L, p = .794) or TC (CAP: 6.372 ± 0.98 mmol/L, control: 6.679 ± 0.75 mmol/L, p = .72) levels between the two groups (p > .05). The alpha diversity was elevated in the CAP group. In terms of beta diversity, the CAP and control groups were clearly distinguished by the microbial community.ConclusionIn a mouse experimental model, pulp infection with P. gingivalis ‐induced CAP, thus aggravating the development of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, CAP increased alpha diversity and altered the beta diversity of the gut microbiota.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Rôças Isabela N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEndodontic microbiology deals with the study of the microbial aetiology and pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular inflammatory diseases. Research in endodontic microbiology started almost 130 years ago and since then has mostly focussed on establishing and confirming the infectious aetiology of apical periodontitis, identifying the microbial species associated with the different types of endodontic infections and determining the efficacy of treatment procedures in eradicating or controlling infection. Diverse analytical methods have been used over the years, each one with their own advantages and limitations. In this review, the main features and applications of the most used technologies are discussed, and advice is provided to improve study designs in order to properly address the scientific questions and avoid setbacks that can compromise the results. Finally, areas of future research are described.
Functional properties of hemp protein concentrate obtained by alkaline extraction and successive ultrafiltration and spray‐drying
Authors: Potin François , Goure Elisa , Lubbers Samuel , Husson Florence , Saurel Rémi 
Published: October 2021

SummaryHemp protein concentrates were obtained from hemp seed cake by extraction at high alkaline pH (10 and 12) followed by an ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF) purification step and spray‐drying. The composition, thermal, nutritional, and functional properties of the resulting protein samples were evaluated. The UF treatment increased protein purity of the protein extracts recovered at pH 10 and 12, from ˜61% and ˜70% to ˜85% and ˜88%, respectively. This protein enrichment did not change the polypeptide composition, as well as the protein solubility profile at each respective pH of extraction. However, the pH 12‐extracted proteins showed higher solubility (>85%) notably at alkaline pH (7–9) compared with the pH 10‐extracted samples (˜40–80%). The highest in vitro protein digestibility values were obtained for the crude protein sample resulting from the extraction at pH 10 (˜89%) and the pH 12‐extracted protein sample after heat treatment (˜96%). The pH 12‐extracted hemp proteins presented excellent emulsifying properties, producing submicromic emulsions with high stability even after protein heating, whereas the emulsions prepared from the pH 10‐extracted proteins tended to be easily destabilised by flocculation and coalescence. The particular properties of the former protein sample could be explained by the denaturing polymerisation of protein during the extraction at pH 12 involving complexation with polyphenols.
Potential of teff (Eragrostis tef) flour as an ingredient in gluten‐free cakes: chemical, technological and sensory quality
Authors: Haas Raquel Viviane , Homem Raísa Vieira , Farias Deise Vitória , Schmidt Helena de Oliveira , Rockett Fernanda Camboim , Venzke Janaína Guimarães , Jomori Manuela Mika , Kist Tarso Ledur , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira , Oliveira Viviani Ruffo de 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis article aimed to evaluate the chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of gluten‐free cakes made with teff (Eragrostis tef). Four cakes were evaluated: T1, 100% teff flour; T2, 75% teff flour, 12.5% rice flour, 12.5% cassava starch; T3, 50% teff flour, 25% rice flour, 25% cassava starch and T4, 25% teff flour, 37.5% rice flour, 37.5% cassava starch. Higher percentages of teff increased total ash. For apparent and specific volumes, T4 was the one with the highest mean. In sensory analysis, the attributes of appearance, colour and odour did not have significant difference among treatments. T1 received the lowest overall average for flavour (5.03). Regarding the purchase intention, the cakes did not show significant difference between T3 and T2 (3.25 and 3.08). T2, T3 and T4 obtained acceptance index higher than 70%. The use of teff flour in cakes can be promising in gluten free diet.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: case series and clinical review
Authors: Nguyen Matthew H. , Molland Janice G. , Kennedy Suellyn , Gray Timothy J. , Limaye Sandhya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a chronic inflammatory breast disorder that typically affects young, parous women, often following lactation. Patients present with tender, erythematous breast lesions with histological evidence of non‐caseating granulomata and an inflammatory cell infiltrate. An immune‐mediated pathophysiology is hypothesised and an association with lipophilic Corynebacterium species is observed. Initial diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of awareness of the condition and management of refractory disease can be challenging. We present an extensive case series of patients collaboratively managed by subspecialty physicians and surgeons at a single centre in Sydney, Australia. The accompanying review expands on features of this condition and supports the utility of a multidisciplinary approach.