bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Patient-Derived Succinate Dehydrogenase–Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Models for Predicting Therapeutic Response
Authors: Yebra Mayra , Bhargava Shruti , Kumar Avi , Burgoyne Adam M. , Tang Chih-Min , Yoon Hyunho , Banerjee Sudeep , Aguilera Joseph , Cordes Thekla , Sheth Vipul , Noh Sangkyu , Ustoy Rowan , Li Sam , Advani Sunil J. , Corless Christopher L. , Heinrich Michael C. , Kurzrock Razelle , Lippman Scott M. , Fanta Paul T. , Harismendy Olivier , Metallo Christian , Sicklick Jason K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, with mutant succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits (A–D) comprising less than 7.5% (i.e., 150–200/year) of new cases annually in the United States. Contrary to GISTs harboring KIT or PDGFRA mutations, SDH-mutant GISTs affect adolescents/young adults, often metastasize, and are frequently resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Lack of human models for any SDH-mutant tumors, including GIST, has limited molecular characterization and drug discovery.

Experimental Design:
We describe methods for establishing novel patient-derived SDH-mutant (mSDH) GIST models and interrogated the efficacy of temozolomide on these tumor models in vitro and in clinical trials of patients with mSDH GIST.

Results:
Molecular and metabolic characterization of our patient-derived mSDH GIST models revealed that these models recapitulate the transcriptional and metabolic hallmarks of parent tumors and SDH deficiency. We further demonstrate that temozolomide elicits DNA damage and apoptosis in our mSDH GIST models. Translating our in vitro discovery to the clinic, a cohort of patients with SDH-mutant GIST treated with temozolomide (n = 5) demonstrated a 40% objective response rate and 100% disease control rate, suggesting that temozolomide represents a promising therapy for this subset of GIST.

Conclusions:
We report the first methods to establish patient-derived mSDH tumor models, which can be readily employed for understanding patient-specific tumor biology and treatment strategies. We also demonstrate that temozolomide is effective in patients with mSDH GIST who are refractory to existing chemotherapeutic drugs (namely, TKIs) in clinic for GISTs, bringing a promising treatment option for these patients to clinic.
See related commentary by Blakely et al., p. 3
Future Projection of Extreme Precipitation Indices over the Indochina Peninsula and South China in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Tang Bin , Hu Wenting , Duan Anmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA future projection of four extreme precipitation indices over the Indochina Peninsula and South China (INCSC) region with reference to the period 1958–2014 is conducted through the application of a multimodel ensemble approach and a rank-based weighting method. The weight of each model from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is calculated depending on its historical simulation skill. Then, the weighted and unweighted ensembles are used for future projections. The results show that all four extreme precipitation indices are expected to increase over the INCSC region, both in the middle (2041–60) and at the end (2081–2100) of the twenty-first century, under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. The increases in total extreme precipitation (R95p), extreme precipitation days (R95d), and the fraction of total rainfall from events exceeding the extreme precipitation threshold (R95pT) in the Indochina Peninsula are more significant than those in South China. The occurrence of extreme rainfall events may become more frequent in the future over the INCSC region, since the probability that R95pT increases is larger than 0.7 in the whole INCSC region. A comparison between the weighted and unweighted ensemble means shows that the uncertainty over South China is almost always reduced after applying the weighted scheme to future probabilistic projection, while the reductions in uncertainty over the Indochina Peninsula may depend on SSPs. The more extreme precipitation over the INCSC region in the future may be related to the larger water vapor supply and the more unstable local atmospheric stratification.
Domestic heating with compact combination hybrids (gas boiler and heat pump): A simple English stock model of different heating system scenarios
Authors: Bennett George , Watson Stephen , Wilson Grant , Oreszczyn Tadj 
Published: August 2021

The heat decarbonisation challenge remains substantial, competing low carbon solutions such as hydrogen and heat pumps (HPs) and the entrenched position of gas combination boilers create inertia in many markets. Hybrid appliances which can directly replace gas boilers may provide a low disruption, low-cost pathway to net zero in gas-reliant markets. Emerging compact combination (CoCo) hybrid heating appliances which combine a gas combi boiler and a small HP unit in one appliance have been modelled for the English housing stock across a range of different scenarios. CoCo hybrids offer sizeable energy demand reduction of up to 60% compared to current gas boilers, also reducing peak electrical demand by 10 GW compared to air source heat pumps. The control strategy for switching between HP and gas boiler is key in determining the scale of demand reduction. Modelling sensitivity to the HP size within CoCo hybrids showed that a 50% reduction in energy demand compared to gas boilers could be achieved with a standard 2.5 kW HP. A lack of clarity in regulation and policy incentives for hybrids exists. To drive innovation and performance improvement, product regulation for hybrids needs to be improved to support decarbonisation of heat with this promising technology. Practical Application Convenient, low disruption heat decarbonisation technology is crucial to the speed of deployment necessary to achieve net zero. This article defines the size of HP necessary to achieve rapid low disruption impact and distinguishes the types of compact hybrid which can deliver the highest decarbonisation impact while minimising in house disruption and the electrical grid impact.
A New Institutional Economic Perspective on Alternative Governance Mechanisms at the Local Government Level
Authors: Wallis Joe , Rizvi Syed 
Published: August 2021

The ‘new institutional economics’ (NIE) can go a long way towards comprehending the emerging complexities of local government. As local bodies seek to forge collaborative partnerships with other organisations, they have to decide whether to solve horizontal co-ordination problems through market, hierarchy or network mechanisms. NIE can show that where other governance mechanisms are incomplete or subject to high transaction costs, trust and co-operation can informally develop through the process by which network interactions become embedded within each other. We show how this approach can be revised to take into account the expressive dimension of behaviour in hope-based networks whose members are bound together not so much by structures of resource dependence as by the hope and trust they place in the advancement of common goals. JEL: L38
Parenting through grief: A cross-sectional study of recently bereaved adults with minor children
Authors: Park Eliza M , Deal Allison M , Yopp Justin M , Chien Stephanie A , McCabe Sean , Hirsch Ariella , Bowers Savannah M , Edwards Teresa , Rosenstein Donald L 
Published: August 2021

Background: Grieving adults raising parentally-bereaved minor children experience persistently elevated symptoms of depression and grief. However, the factors associated with their mental health outcomes are not well understood. Aim: To investigate the psychosocial and demographic characteristics associated with grief distress and depressive symptom severity in bereaved adults with minor children. Design: Cross-sectional, web-based survey. Setting/participants: Eight hundred forty-five bereaved adults raising minor (age <18 years) children who had experienced the death of a co-parent. Primary outcomes were grief distress (Prolonged Grief Disorder-13), depressive symptoms (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Depression), and widowed parenting self-efficacy (WPSES). Results: Mean grief scores were 33.5; mean depression scores were 58.3. Among the 690 individuals more than 6 months bereaved, 132 (19.3%) met criteria for prolonged grief disorder. In adjusted models, participants reporting higher grief scores were more recently bereaved, identified as mothers, non-Caucasian, had lower education and income, and had not anticipated their co-parent’s death. The statistical modeling results for depression scores were similar to grief scores except that depression was not associated with anticipation of co-parent death. Parents reporting lower WPSES scores had higher grief and depression scores. Retrospective assessments of more intense parenting worries at the time of co-parent death were also associated with higher grief and depression scores. Conclusions: For bereaved adults with minor children, unanticipated co-parent death was linked with higher grief distress but not symptoms of depression. Addressing parenting concerns may represent a common pathway for improving the mental health of parentally-bereaved families.
The diagnostic value of cranial MRI findings in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: evaluating radiological parameters associated with intracranial pressure
Authors: Taşcioğlu Tuncer 
Published: August 2021

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease that can result in blindness if there is a delay in diagnosis. Although it is stated that cranial imaging should be normal among the diagnostic criteria, we know that some radiological parameters can be used for the pre-diagnosis of IIH. Purpose To determine the predictive value of radiological parameters for the diagnosis of IIH with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods The study included a group of 19 patients with IIH (“IIH Group”), a group of 34 patients with hyperintensity around the optic nerve in cranial MRI (“Radiological Increased Intracranial Pressure Group”), and a “Control Group” consisting of 45 healthy individuals. All patients were evaluated using cranial MRI with respect to the presence/absence of empty sella, flattening of the posterior globe, hyperintensity around the optic nerve, optic nerve tortuosity, and optic nerve protrusion. In addition, optic nerve sheath diameter measurement was performed in all patients using cranial axial T2 sequence. Results It was found that optic nerve tortuosity ( P = 0.002), flattening of the posterior globe ( P = 0.013), and optic nerve protrusion ( P = 0.033) were the best parameters to distinguish patients with IIH and those with optic nerve subarachnoid space enlargement. A scoring system was developed according to these data. Conclusion In the presence of hyperintensity around the optic nerve, it may be possible to evaluate optic nerve tortuosity, flattening of the posterior globe, and optic nerve protrusion using cranial MRI in order to come upon a preliminary diagnosis of IIH.
Preoperative radiographs to predict component malposition in direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Free Matthew D , Barnes Ian , Hutchinson Matthew , Harvie Paul 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) have increased risk of component malposition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific preoperative radiographic features were predictive of postoperative component malposition in DAA THA. Patients and methods: We examined 204 THA operations performed for osteoarthritis via the DAA at a single institution. Preoperative radiographs were analysed with numerous pre-specified measurements and classifications being recorded. Postoperative radiographs were analysed to determine if any of these preoperative radiographic factors correlated with component malposition in regard to cup inclination, cup version, femoral stem coronal alignment, leg-length discrepancy (LLD) and femoral offset discrepancy. Results: Numerous preoperative factors were associated with component malposition. Coxa profunda was found to be a significant predictor of cup anteversion being outside of the target range ( p = 0.0089) and an increased centre-edge angle was a significant predictor for a postoperative LLD ( p = 0.0134). A decreased neck-shaft angle ( p = 0.0007) and a lower preoperative LLD ( p = 0.0019) were both predictive of femoral stem coronal malalignment. Conclusions: Preoperative radiographs can be a valuable tool for surgeons in predicting patients at risk of component malposition in DAA THA.
Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scoring of cleft patients treated within a regional cleft centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Furness Claire , Veeroo Helen , Kidner Giles , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To assess static occlusal outcomes for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) managed within a UK Regional Cleft Service and to compare with previously published Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores from a non-cleft population of patients treated within a UK consultant-led hospital service. Design: Retrospective multicentre study. Setting: Eight orthodontic hospital units within the Spires Cleft Service, UK. Participants: Patients born with CLP or CP between 1985 and 1995 treated within the service. Methods: Patients were assigned to groups by cleft type and whether they were treated by orthodontics only or a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. PAR was recorded before and after treatment from study models. Results: Data were collected for 171 patients included in the study. Median pre-treatment PAR was 42 and post-treatment 11. Median percentage change in PAR for all patients was 73%, although 12% of cleft patients had a PAR improvement that was worse or no different. Median change in PAR score was 71% for those treated with orthodontics only and 83% for those who had an osteotomy. Median PAR improvement for those treated with orthodontics only was 73% in the cleft lip group, 77% in the CP group, 66% in the unilateral CLP group and 53% in the bilateral CLP group. Median pre- and post-treatment PAR for the cleft group was higher and PAR reduction lower than those published for non-cleft patients. Conclusion: These data demonstrate high severity of malocclusion, complexity of orthodontic treatment and difficulty in achieving an ideal static occlusion for cleft patients. If PAR is to be used to assess orthodontic outcomes in cleft patients the findings of this study should be considered. A higher proportion of cases are likely to be classed as ‘worse or no different’, and a lower percentage change will be expected.
Child-focused practice in social services for adults in Norway
Authors: Kristensen Kjersti B , Lauritzen Camilla , Reedtz Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

Summary Children of social service users are at risk for developing mental health problems as well as social and behavioral problems. Social service counselors should therefore be aware of service users’ children and provide support for them. In fact, they are obligated by law to consider children's views and their best interests in cases affecting them. Despite this, little is known about social service counselors’ child focus in their practice. In this study, self-reported survey data from 93 counselors working for the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) were analyzed to explore their child focus. Findings Findings suggest that a particular focus on children is no part of common practice among NAV counselors; nor is use or knowledge of The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Knowledge and use of the CRC may be a predictor of child-focused practice. The results showed a significant difference of medium effect size between NAV counselors who ask about children and NAV counselors who do not when it comes to knowledge and use of the CRC. Applications Policy makers and practitioners should utilize NAV's potential as a preventive arena. For NAV counselors to be aware of and support children of social service users they need a stronger focus on children and hence know and use the laws concerning children's rights. Incorporating children's rights into social workers’ education and internal training may strengthen the focus on children in NAV counselors’ practice.
Use of an Abductor Pollicis Brevis Tendon Slip for Reconstruction of the Radial Collateral Ligament of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint: An Anatomical Investigation
Authors: Schmidt Gregory J. , Crosby Nicholas E. , Merrell Gregory A. 
Published: August 2021

Background Reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament (RCL) of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint is commonly performed for chronic injuries. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical feasibility and reliability of using the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) tendon to reconstruct the RCL. Methods Ten cadaver arms were dissected to evaluate the relationship between insertions of the RCL and APB. A slip of the APB was divided from tendon and reflected proximally. The dissected tendon was deemed sufficient for reconstruction if it could be reflected to the footprint of the RCL origin. The size of the dissected APB slip was then compared with that of the RCL. Results The dissected slip of the APB could be fully reflected proximally to the RCL origin in all specimens. The APB insertion was also found to be closely approximated to the RCL insertion, averaging 2.1 mm distal and 1.8 mm dorsal. Significant differences existed between the lengths ( P < .001) of the APB slip and RCL, with no significant difference in widths ( P = .051). Conclusions A sufficient APB tendon slip can be obtained to reliably reconstruct the RCL of the thumb MP. The location of the APB insertion closely approximates the RCL insertion.
Sonographic appearances of hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report of a rare tumour
Authors: Karunaratne Dilhara , Zhang Ting-Ting , Ali Zainab Al Shiekh , Moore Andrew , Kirkland Paul , Howlett David 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare, recently described papillary thyroid carcinoma variant, with potential for a more aggressive clinical course of disease and poorer prognosis. Case report A 53-year-old man presented with a left thyroid mass. The ultrasound features of this mass included a predominantly cystic appearance with mobile internal echoes, vascularised internal septations, and murally based solid material. These ultrasound features were not deemed malignant by classification standards, which led to the patient being managed with active surveillance. However, the mass grew quickly and the patient underwent diagnostic hemithyroidectomy which led to hobnail variant papillary thyroid carcinoma being found on pathology. Discussion The ultrasound features of the hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma have not been previously described in detail in the literature and, in this case, are features that would not be deemed malignant by classification standards. The rapid growth of the mass is what led to clinical suspicion of malignancy and resulted in diagnosis. Conclusion The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma may not have typical ultrasound findings associated with malignancy. Careful clinical correlation is advised in order to discern this difficult diagnosis and to facilitate appropriate treatment.
Unusual Location of a Fungus Ball: The Concha Bullosa, a Review of the Literature
Authors: Bijou Walid , Abdulhakeem Bushra , Choukry Karim , Oukessou Youssef , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohammed , Mahtar Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Introduction The fungal balls of the paranasal sinuses are usually seen in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Although, the lesion of the concha bullosa, without sinus participation, is very uncommon. We report the case of a fungal ball of concha bullosa in an 88-year-old patient. Objective The objective of our review of literature is to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with fungus ball in concha bullosa. Methods A case of a patient who was diagnosed with concha bullosa of a fungus ball is reported. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging, and treatments were recorded. Key images were obtained. A review of the literature was also performed. Results A total of 12 cases have been reported so far in the literature revealed by different symptoms. The mean age was 38.8 years and the gender ratio was ∼12 (female):1 (male). The endoscopic surgical approach was the most frequently used treatment and provides good outcomes. Neither postoperative complications nor recurrences were noted, however, there is insufficient follow-up data. Conclusion Concha bullosa fungal ball is a rare diagnosis that can be revealed by different symptoms. It should be considered in patients with and unexplained chronic facial pain. A preoperative computed tomography scan is an essential tool in making a diagnosis. Endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice, with a low morbidity and recurrence rate.
Reproductive Health Concerns of Women With High Risk Sexual Behaviors
Authors: Zenouzi Azade , Rezaei Elham , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Montazeri Ali , maani Sakineh , Vasegh Rahimparvar Seyedeh Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Expansion of reproductive health services and addressing its different aspects in national and international levels is an important step towards ensuring family and public health. Female sex workers are a vulnerable population that are exposed to high risk sexual behaviors and increased incidence of co-morbid health problems. This study aims to identify the concerns of women with high risk sexual behaviors. Clarifying different aspects of reproductive health and its problems in female sex workers can assist relevant authorities to plan and intervene on reproductive health and to provide more effective solutions on this issue. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. Snowball sampling was performed in 20 volunteer women with high risk sexual behaviors through in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted in drop-in centers, triangle centers, etc. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis using the MAXQDA software. Results Five main categories and 13 subcategories emerged during the interviews. The main categories included violence, fear, and lack of knowledge, stigma, and psychological problems. Women with high risk sexual behaviors have several reproductive health concerns, including unwanted pregnancy, abortion, STIs (Sexually transmitted infections ), HIV, etc. In addition, different types of violence and threats against women, intimidation, objectification, stigma, unresponsiveness of counselling centers, patriarchal culture, gender inequality, etc. were observed in these women. Conclusion The study revealed that women in this study experienced deep problems of reproductive health and little attention is paid to them by authorities. Proper planning and appropriate solutions should be provided to solve the problems of these women and the society.