bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professionals' roles within UK welfare-to-work provision: a multiple case study exploration
Authors: Ceolta-Smith Jenny , Kenney Christine 
Published: August 2021

Background/aims Healthcare professionals play an important role in vocational rehabilitation for people receiving welfare support. The research questions for this study were: how do qualified healthcare professionals operate in UK welfare-to-work settings? What factors influence healthcare professionals' practice within a UK welfare-to-work setting? Methods A qualitative methodology was adopted. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted and additional documents (the awarded Work and Health Programme bids and job descriptions) about the healthcare professionals' roles were reviewed. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Five themes were generated from the interview data: supporting frontline staff to understand clients' health needs; moving clients with complex needs closer to work; getting it right for the client by individualising support; gaining consent and maintaining confidentiality; and seeking and organising clinical supervision. These themes were corroborated with the document data. Conclusions Healthcare professionals have a key role within welfare-to-work provision. Further research is needed to determine if the proposed healthcare professional roles have come to fruition, to identify their prevalence, and to explore their effectiveness.
Muscle energy technique versus active release technique on motor functions in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Abd Elrazik Gad Elhak Reda Kotb , Battesha Hanan Hosny M , Samir Sara Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common median nerve neuropathy, accounting for 90% of all neuropathies, with prevalence in the general UK adult population ranging from 7–16% and bilateral symptoms reported in more than 50% of all cases. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the median nerve compression and traction are thought to be complex. This study compared the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and active release technique in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods This study involved a total of 30 male and female patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, aged between 30 and 50 years. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups, group A and group B. Group A received muscle energy technique, and group B received active release technique. Results Independent one-tailed t-tests revealed that the intragroup comparisons showed statistically significant increases in pinch grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve post-treatment in group A (P=0.001 and 0.0001 respectively), while in group B, there were statistically significant increases in pinch grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity post-treatment (P=0.037 and 0.043 respectively). The intergroup comparisons showed statistically significant differences in favour of group A. Conclusions Because there was little significant difference between the two groups, this study concluded that both treatment techniques were effective in increasing median motor nerve conduction and hand grip strength. However, muscle energy technique increased motor nerve conduction velocity and pinch grip muscle strength more than active release technique.
Risk factors for ankle valgus in children with hereditary multiple exostoses: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Wang Zhigang , Chen Mu , Li Yuchan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for ankle valgus in children with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with HME who were examined at our hospital between 2010 and 2020. Patients’ age and sex were recorded along with radiographic variables including mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal tibia angle (LDTA), fibula/tibia length ratio (F/T); distal fibula station according to Malhotra's classification, location of exostoses at the ankle joint and fibular neck/physis width (N/P) ratio, which were measured from radiographs. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant independent risk factors for ankle valgus. Results There were 61 children (20 girls and 41 boys; 122 ankles) who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 10.4 years (sd 3.4) and mean LDTA was 83° (sd 7°). Ankle valgus was found in 64 ankles (52%). In addition to younger age, exostoses involving the lateral aspects of the distal tibial and the medial aspect of the distal fibula (odds ratio (OR) = 4.091; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.065 to 15.712; p = 0.040), F/T ratio < 0.96 (OR = 4.457; 95% CI 1.498 to 13.261; p = 0.007) and N/P ratio > 1.6 (OR = 2.855; 95% CI 1.031 to 7.907; p = 0.043) were associated with an increased risk of developing ankle valgus, while sex and MAD were unrelated to its occurrence. Conclusion Young age, exostoses involving both the distal tibia and fibula, the F/T ratio < 0.96 and fibular N/P width ratio > 1.6 seemed to be risk factors of developing ankle valgus. Levels of evidence Prognostic studies, IV
Optical design and stray light control for a space-based laser space debris removal mission
Authors: Han Peixian , Guo Junli , Bao Qihong , Qin Tao , Ren Ge , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2021

In low-Earth orbit, the already existing population of small and medium debris (between 1 cm and several dozens of cm) is a concrete threat to operational satellites. A space-based laser space debris removal (SLDR) system that can remove hazardous debris around selected space assets appears to be a flexible and effective project. To achieve high-precision tracking and emitting, the optical system of the SLDR mission includes a target-detection telescope and emitting telescope, adopting a common light path structure. The optical design results, system performance, tolerance budget, and detailed stray light control design are presented in this paper. The large-aperture off-axis two-mirror beam-narrowing system characteristics are also discussed in terms of stray light control. This paper will present the lateral-displacement (LD) setting, two-stage fore baffle design, black baffle surface selection, and opening direction of the telescope door. The results showed that the stray light elimination reaches a

10

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order, meeting design requirements.
Near-IR reconfigurable 1D Ag grating Fabry–Perot absorber hybridized with phase-change material GSST
Authors: Zamani Naser , Hatef Ali , Nadgaran Hamid 
Published: August 2021

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a unique feature that can be used to dynamically control the response of the photonic devices and achieve fast, nonvolatile, reversible, multilevel, and specific optical modulation. The phase-change material

G
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S
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(GSST) has recently received a lot of attention due to the large index contrast between its amorphous and crystalline states with significantly low optical loss in the optical to near-IR spectrum. In this paper, we propose a tunable and reconfigurable hybrid PCM plasmonic nanostructure composed of a spacer layer of GSST sandwiched between a Ag back reflector and a 1D Ag Fabry–Perot grating structure. We use the finite element method (FEM) to numerically calculate the light absorption, absorption contrast, and figure of merit of the plasmonic nanostructure for both the amorphous and crystalline state of the GSST. Our calculations show that with constant structural variation the observed multimode absorption is drastically modified when the GSST undergoes a phase change from the amorphous to the crystalline state. The absorption contrast spectrum, which is defined as the absorption difference between the amorphous and crystalline state of GSST, shows four extrema modes between 70% and 89%. The figure of merit spectrum shows two large values of 44.39 and 37.78 at the 1502 nm and 2063 nm wavelengths, respectively. We also address the observed modes in the absorption contrast spectrum through spatial representation of the enhanced electric field distribution at their corresponding wavelengths. We show how the phase change in the GSST spacer can control the coupling between the optical cavity modes and the Ag surface plasmon resonance modes in the cavities and GSST spacer strip boundaries. The findings in this paper may open new avenues toward the design of next-generation photonic systems such as thermal emission controllers, sensors, ranging holograms, modulators and optical detection devices.
Ultrafast all-optical metamaterial terahertz switch by exploiting nanoparticle-enriched substrate nonlinearity and graphene resonators
Authors: Karampour Nasrollah , Nozhat Najmeh 
Published: August 2021

The emergence of graphene as a new material with several extraordinary optical properties paves a way to introduce new electromagnetic devices in the terahertz (THz) band. In this paper, we have exploited the unique qualities of graphene in combination with the optical Kerr effect in order to propose a new THz switch. In the proposed structure, two graphene layers with circular and notch ring patterns are stacked to obtain two narrowband absorption peaks at the frequencies of 3.65 and 6.5 THz with high absorption values of 92% and 97%, respectively. The imposed pump power in interaction with the nanocomposite substrate provides a controlling mechanism that makes this structure an ideal candidate for all-optical devices in the THz regime. The obtained switching time of the proposed structure is 2 ps, and the maximum extinction ratio of 83% is achieved for the pump power of 273 mW. Moreover, the absorption spectrum of the switch can be manipulated by the chemical potential of graphene layers, which is useful for electro-optical modulation application. The application of the THz switch as an all-optical tunable filter is also studied in this paper.
Broadening, nonlinear filtering, and compression of microjoule energy laser pulses at 1  µm wavelength
Authors: Nkeck Joel Edouard , Guiramand Léo , Ropagnol Xavier , Blanchard François 
Published: August 2021

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of 30 nm of spectral broadening in a bulk cadmium sulfide (CdS) semiconductor generated by a 280 fs long pulse at 1.024 µm wavelength and with a microjoule energy level. Using second-harmonic generation in barium borate, the complex ring pattern induced by self-focusing due to the strong nonlinear interaction of the laser pulse in the pair of CdS crystals is filtered out using second-harmonic nonlinear crystal to recover a Gaussian shape spatial profile. We also present the temporal compression of the resulting 512 nm laser pulse up to 45 fs by using a pair of standard transmissive gratings, leading to a pulse compression factor of 6.13. This technique is compact, inexpensive, and robust and produces ultrafast optical pulses from an input laser pulse whose duration and energy range are generally incompatible with a straightforward compression method in nonlinear optical fibers.
Die Entwicklung bayerischer Hochschulrechenzentren – Handlungsempfehlungen aus einer Fallstudie für ein professionelles IT-Servicemanagement
Authors: Jonas Claudius , Lautenschlager Jonathan , Eymann Torsten 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIm digitalen Informationszeitalter stellen Hochschulrechenzentren (HRZ) einen zentralen Bestandteil zur Erfüllung operativer Aufgaben in Forschung, Lehre und Verwaltung von Hochschulen dar. Dabei stehen HRZ vor unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen, die durch diverse Nutzeranforderungen sowie Anforderungen bezüglich IT-Sicherheit und Regulatorik hervorgerufen werden. Um diese Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, ist es essenziell, bisher dezentral und heterogen geprägte IT-Services stetig zu professionalisieren. Dadurch entsteht die Notwendigkeit, sich für einen nachhaltigen Betrieb der HRZ stärker an etablierten Servicestandards und Anforderungen von hochschulinternen sowie hochschulexternen Nutzergruppen zu orientieren. Ein professionelles IT-Servicemanagement (ITSM) wird damit zur Grundlage für HRZ. Im Rahmen eines durch das bayerische Wissenschaftsministerium geförderten Projektes wird durch eine vergleichende Fallstudie zum einen der Status des ITSM der bayerischen HRZ systematisch erfasst, zum anderen darauf aufbauend eine Weiterentwicklung unterstützt. Dazu wurden Interviews und Selbstevaluierungen von neun unterschiedlichen Hochschulen durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse anschließend evaluiert. In diesem Beitrag werden die zentralen Erkenntnisse vorgestellt und Handlungsempfehlungen daraus abgeleitet.
Die Entwicklungsbeschleunigung von Robotic Process Automation Lösungen – Fallstudie einer deutschen Gesundheitsbehörde
Authors: Vollenberg Carolin , Koch Julian , Trampler Michael , Bade Friederike-Maria , Coners André , Plattfaut Ralf 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungKrisen erfordern flexibles Handeln und schnelle Anpassungen sowohl von Menschen als auch von öffentlichen Institutionen. Die öffentliche Hand und insbesondere die deutschen Gesundheitsbehörden sind während der Covid-19-Pandemie, beginnend im März 2020, massiv herausgefordert. Die Bewältigung des teilweise exponentiell wachsenden Prozessvolumens durch kurzfristige Infektionsereignisse muss in kürzester Zeit fachgerecht erfolgen und unterliegt einer permanenten Reaktion und Anpassung an sich ändernde Rahmenbedingungen. Bestehende Strukturen und ineffiziente Prozesse erschweren diese notwendige Skalierung der Bearbeitung zunehmend. In diesem Beitrag werden mittels Aktionsforschung Ansätze für eine beschleunigte und flexible Entwicklung von Robotic Process Automation (RPA)-Lösungen zur Automatisierung bestehender Verwaltungsprozesse innerhalb einer betroffenen Gesundheitsbehörde in Deutschland untersucht. Als Ergebnis wurden Ansätze für eine schnellere und weniger komplexe Entwicklung von RPA-Lösungen in einer sehr schnell skalierenden und gleichzeitig stark heterogenen IT-Systemlandschaft erarbeitet und bewertet.
Short- and long-term mortality prediction after an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Asians: A machine learning approach
Authors: Aziz Firdaus , Malek Sorayya , Ibrahim Khairul Shafiq , Raja Shariff Raja Ezman , Wan Ahmad Wan Azman , Ali Rosli Mohd , Liu Kien Ting , Selvaraj Gunavathy , Kasim Sazzli 
Published: August 2021

Background
Conventional risk score for predicting short and long-term mortality following an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is often not population specific.

Objective
Apply machine learning for the prediction and identification of factors associated with short and long-term mortality in Asian STEMI patients and compare with a conventional risk score.

Methods
The National Cardiovascular Disease Database for Malaysia registry, of a multi-ethnic, heterogeneous Asian population was used for in-hospital (6299 patients), 30-days (3130 patients), and 1-year (2939 patients) model development. 50 variables were considered. Mortality prediction was analysed using feature selection methods with machine learning algorithms and compared to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score. Invasive management of varying degrees was selected as important variables that improved mortality prediction.

Results
Model performance using a complete and reduced variable produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from 0.73 to 0.90. The best machine learning model for in-hospital, 30 days, and 1-year outperformed TIMI risk score (AUC = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.846–0.910; vs AUC = 0.81, 95% CI:0.772–0.845, AUC = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.870–0.935; vs AUC = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.746–0.838, AUC = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.798–0.872; vs AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.715–0.802, p < 0.0001 for all). TIMI score underestimates patients’ risk of mortality. 90% of non-survival patients are classified as high risk (>50%) by machine learning algorithm compared to 10–30% non-survival patients by TIMI. Common predictors identified for short- and long-term mortality were age, heart rate, Killip class, fasting blood glucose, prior primary PCI or pharmaco-invasive therapy and diuretics. The final algorithm was converted into an online tool with a database for continuous data archiving for algorithm validation.

Conclusions
In a multi-ethnic population, patients with STEMI were better classified using the machine learning method compared to TIMI scoring. Machine learning allows for the identification of distinct factors in individual Asian populations for better mortality prediction. Ongoing continuous testing and validation will allow for better risk stratification and potentially alter management and outcomes in the future.
Willingness to pay for an intervention that reduces soda consumption among a sample of middle-class adult Mexicans
Authors: Colchero M. A. , Guerrero-López C. M. Carlos M. , Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. Tonatiuh , Salmerón J. Jorge , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio 
Published: August 2021

Background
Despite the growing public awareness of the adverse health effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption in Mexico, little is known about the population’s intention to reduce SSB consumption and the social value of interventions to accomplish such behavioral change. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for an intervention that reduces soda consumption by half in Mexico.

Methods
We applied contingent valuation methods in a sample of 471 Mexican adults from a cohort study. We assessed the relative value of benefits by providing incremental information to participants in three scenarios: soda consumption reduction, + health benefits, + social benefits. To estimate factors associated with the WTP, we ran an interval regression.

Results
87% of respondents reported they would like to reduce SSB consumption. High soda consumption, intention to reduce soda consumption and higher household income are associated with higher WTP. We found that the WTP increases as additional benefits are provided. The WTP, as a proportion of income, is higher for the lowest income level.

Conclusion
The average WTP per person may be seen as the minimum amount the country should invest on interventions to reduce soda consumption.
Fully automated whole-liver volume quantification on CT-image data: Comparison with manual volumetry using enhanced and unenhanced images as well as two different radiation dose levels and two reconstruction kernels
Authors: Hagen Florian , Mair Antonia , Bitzer Michael , Bösmüller Hans , Horger Marius 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of fully automated liver volume quantification vs. manual quantification using unenhanced as well as enhanced CT-image data as well as two different radiation dose levels and also two image reconstruction kernels.

Material and methods
The local ethics board gave its approval for retrospective data analysis. Automated liver volume quantification in 300 consecutive livers in 164 male and 103 female oncologic patients (64±12y) performed at our institution (between January 2020 and May 2020) using two different dual-energy helicals: portal-venous phase enhanced, ref. tube current 300mAs (CARE Dose4D) for tube A (100 kV) and ref. 232mAs tube current for tube B (Sn140kV), slice collimation 0.6mm, reconstruction kernel I30f/1, recon. thickness of 0.6mm and 5mm, 80–100 mL iodine contrast agent 350 mg/mL, (flow 2mL/s) and unenhanced ref. tube current 100mAs (CARE Dose4D) for tube A (100 kV) and ref. 77mAs tube current for tube B (Sn140kV), slice collimation 0.6mm (kernel Q40f) were analyzed. The post-processing tool (syngo.CT Liver Analysis) is already FDA-approved. Two resident radiologists with no and 1-year CT-experience performed both the automated measurements independently from each other. Results were compared with those of manual liver volume quantification using the same software which was supervised by a senior radiologist with 30-year CT-experience (ground truth).

Results
In total, a correlation of 98% was obtained for liver volumetry based on enhanced and unenhanced data sets compared to the manual liver quantification. Radiologist #1 and #2 achieved an inter-reader agreement of 99.8% for manual liver segmentation (p<0.0001). Automated liver volumetry resulted in an overestimation (>5% deviation) of 3.7% for unenhanced CT-image data and 4.0% for contrast-enhanced CT-images. Underestimation (<5%) of liver volume was 2.0% for unenhanced CT-image data and 1.3% for enhanced images after automated liver volumetry. Number and distribution of erroneous volume measurements using either thin or thick slice reconstructions was exactly the same, both for the enhanced as well for the unenhanced image data sets (p> 0.05).

Conclusion
Results of fully automated liver volume quantification are accurate and comparable with those of manual liver volume quantification and the technique seems to be confident even if unenhanced lower-dose CT image data is used.
The Semiotics of Consent and the American Law Institute’s Reform of the Model Penal Code’s Sexual Assault Provisions
Authors: Catá Backer Larry 
Published: August 2021

The concept of consent is ubiquitous in the West. It is the foundation of its construction of meaning for sovereignty (and political legitimacy), and for personal autonomy (and human dignity). Ubiquity, however, has come with a price. The making of a transposable meaning for consent that bridges political community and interpersonal relations has drawn sharply into focus the malleability of the concept, and its utility for masking a power of politics behind an orthodoxy of meaning that is both politically correct, and at the same time its own inversion. This short essay on the semiotics of “consent” considers the manifestation of the concept as object, as symbol, and as a cluster of political interpretation that itself contains within it the Janus faced morality of political correctness. It takes as its starting and end point the idea that free consent is the product of a process of management that reduces consent to the sum of status and authority over the thing assented. The exploration is framed around the recent arguments in the American Law institute’s Model Penal Code Project around the meaning of consent in sexual relations. The essay first situates the problematique of consent—as action and object that incarnates power relations and the boundaries of the taboo. It then illustrates the way that semiotic meaning making produces a political correctness that produces paradox by critically chronicling the meaning of consent respecting sexual intimacy in criminal law. It enhances sexual liberation by placing it within a cage of limitations that ultimately transfers the power over consent form the individual to the state. That meaning making suggests the way that consent as an act, and as a state of being, is transposed to the broader context of political economic relations.