bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of stable carbon and hydrogen isotope technology in the determination of gas sources from limestone layers at Shuangliu mine, China
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xue Sheng , Han Yunchun , Zheng Chunshan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStable carbon and hydrogen isotope technology is used in determining gas sources in coal mines. Coal measures at the Shuangliu mine mainly contain nine coal seams (i.e. No. 2 to No. 10) and five limestone layers (namely, L1 to L5). The coal seams are interbedded with the limestone layers. A large amount of methane is adsorbed in the limestone layer, and the actual measured maximum gas pressure is 1.3 MPa, posing a serious gas emission safety risk in roadway excavation in the coal measures. In order to effectively manage the safety risk of gas emissions, it is necessary to determine gas sources and take necessary control measures. In this study, 50 gas samples were taken from the coal seams and 10 gas samples were collected from the limestone layers. These samples were measured for their composition and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes. Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope tracer separation technique and multi-source linear calculation methods were used to analyze the measurement results. The study shows that 84% of gas in the L1, L2 and L3 limestone layers comes from the No. 8 coal seam and 11% from the No. 9 coal seam; gas in the L4 limestone layer is mainly from the No. 8 (44%), No. 7 (37%) and No. 6 coal seams (16%), and gas in L5 limestone layer mainly comes from the No. 6 (59%), No. 7 (23%) and No. 8 coal seams (13%). The research results can guide the design of gas drainage boreholes before roadway tunneling, so it has important guiding significance in the formulation of comprehensive gas control schemes.
Medulloblastoma in Adults: Cytogenetic Phenotypes Identify Prognostic Subgroups
Authors: Goschzik Tobias , zur Muehlen Anja , Doerner Evelyn , Waha Andreas , Friedrich Carsten , Hau Peter , Pietsch Torsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adult medulloblastomas (MB) are rare. We investigated the genetic landscape and prognostic impact of genetic aberrations in a cohort of 117 adult medulloblastomas. Histological features and pathway activation were evaluated at the protein level; 14.5% showed wingless-type activation, 63.3% SHH activation, and 22.2% were classified as non-WNT/non-SHH-MB. Genome-wide copy number analysis was performed by molecular inversion probe array technology. MB-related genes were sequenced in WNT- and SHH-activated MBs. 79.7% of SHH-MBs showed desmoplastic/nodular histology; all other MBs had classic histology. WNT-MBs carried oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations in 88.2% and had monosomy 6 in 52.9%. In SHH-MBs, TERT promoter mutations occurred in 97%, mutations in PTCH1 in 38.2%, SMO in 15.5%, SUFU in 7.4%, and TP53-mutations in 4.1%. In all, 84.6% of non-WNT/non-SHH-MBs had an isochromosome 17q. A whole chromosomal aberration (WCA) signature was present in 45.1% of SHH-TP53-wild type (wt)-MBs and 65.4% of non-WNT/non-SHH-MBs. In 98 cases with survival data, WNT-MBs had a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 68.6%. SHH-MBs TP53wt type and non-WNT/non-SHH-MBs showed 5-year OS of 80.4% and 70.8%, respectively. TP53-mutant SHH-MBs represented a prognostically unfavorable entity; all patients died within 5 years. Patients with a WCA signature showed significantly increased OS (p = 0.011 for SHH-TP53wt-MBs and p = 0.048 for non-WNT/non-SHH-MBs).
Functional diversity and redundancy of subalpine meadows subjected to anthropogenic disturbances
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Sheng Zhilu , He Kejian , Zhang Yong , Kang Bin , Ding Jiao , Liu Dongmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aims of this study were to assess how functional diversity (FD) and functional redundancy respond to subalpine meadow ecosystem degradation under anthropogenic disturbance and how species contribute to functional redundancy along the disturbance gradient.

Methods
The study was carried out in the subalpine meadow in Mount Jade Dragon, which is located at the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Four disturbance intensities [no disturbance (ND), weak disturbance (WD), moderate disturbance (MD) and severe disturbance (SD)] were identified. Species richness, soil properties and five key plant functional traits were assessed along the disturbance gradient. Simpson’s diversity index, FD based on the Rao algorithm, functional redundancy, community-weighted mean of each functional trait and species-level functional redundancy were determined.

Important Findings
Unimodal change pattern of FD and functional redundancy along the disturbance gradient were found in the present study, with their maximum in MD and WD, respectively. Species diversity showed a decreasing trend with increasing disturbance intensity. As disturbance intensified, species with traits related to conservative growth strategies, such as low specific leaf area (SLA) and high leaf dry matter content (LDMC), decreased, whereas species with resource acquisitive strategies, such as small plant, high SLA and low LDMC, increased in the community. At the species level, species showed species-specific roles in functional redundancy. Notably, some species were important in the community in terms of their unique function. For instance, Ligularia dictyoneura in ND and Potentilla delavayi in MD and SD.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis primes the accumulation of antiherbivore compounds and enhances herbivore mortality in tomato
Authors: Rivero Javier , Lidoy Javier , Llopis-Giménez Ángel , Herrero Salvador , Flors Víctor , Pozo María J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlant association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase their ability to overcome multiple stresses, but their impact on plant interactions with herbivorous insects is controversial. Here we show higher mortality of the leaf-chewer Spodoptera exigua when fed on tomato plants colonized by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae, evidencing mycorrhiza-induced resistance. In search of the underlying mechanisms, an untargeted metabolomic analysis through ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was performed. The results showed that mycorrhizal symbiosis had a very limited impact on the leaf metabolome in the absence of stress, but significantly modulated the response to herbivory in the damaged area. A cluster of over accumulated metabolites was identified in those leaflets damaged by S. exigua feeding in mycorrhizal plants, while unwounded distal leaflets responded similar to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. These primed-compounds were mostly related to alkaloids, fatty acid derivatives and phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates. The deleterious effect on larval survival of some of these compounds, including the alkaloid physostigmine, the fatty acid derivatives 4-oxododecanedioic acid and azelaic acid, was confirmed. Thus, our results evidence the impact of AMF on metabolic reprograming upon herbivory that leads to a primed accumulation of defensive compounds.
Lactation and gestation controls on calcium isotopic compositions in a mammalian model
Authors: Hassler Auguste , Martin Jeremy E , Ferchaud Stéphane , Grivault Doryan , Le Goff Samuel , Albalat Emmanuelle , Hernandez Jean-Alexis , Tacail Théo , Balter Vincent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLactation and gestation are among the physiological events that trigger the most intense changes in body calcium (Ca) fluxes. Along with the composition of the animal 2021 diet, these events are suspected to impact the Ca isotopic composition of Ca body reservoirs but their dynamics are poorly understood. In this study, we monitored a group of domestic sows across a full reproduction cycle. We collected tissues and fluids (blood, urine, milk, colostrum, umbilical blood, adult and piglet bones) at different steps of gestation and lactation, and analyzed their Ca isotopic compositions (i.e. δ44/42Ca) by means of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among other results, we report the first observations of Ca isotopic fractionation between maternal and umbilical blood (Δ44/42Caumbilical blood-sow blood = −0.18 ± 0.11‰, n = 3). Our data also highlight that gestation and lactation periods are characterized by small diet-bone Ca isotopic offsets (Δ44/42Cabone-diet = −0.28 ± 0.11‰, n = 3), with 44Ca-enriched blood compositions during nursing (Δ44/42Canursing blood-gestation blood = $+ 0.42{\rm{\,\,}}_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.11}$‰, n = 3). Under the light of an up-to-date mammalian box model, we explored different scenarios of gestation and lactation Ca fluxes experienced by a sow-like animal. These simulations suggest that gestation changes on body δ44/42Ca values may result from the intensification of Ca absorption by the animal, whereas the production of 44Ca-depleted milk is the main driver for the 44Ca enrichment in blood during lactation. In addition, our results also support that bone mineralization could be associated with a more restricted Ca isotopic fractionation than previously envisioned. Together, these results refine the framework of Ca isotope applications, notably regarding the monitoring of human bone balance and the study of species and ecosystems from the present and the past.
Chemistry and biology of ferritin
Authors: Plays Marina , Müller Sebastian , Rodriguez Raphaël 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIron is an essential element required by cells and has been described as a key player in ferroptosis. Ferritin operates as a fundamental iron storage protein in cells forming multimeric assemblies with crystalline iron cores. We discuss the latest findings on ferritin structure and activity and its link to cell metabolism and ferroptosis. The chemistry of iron, including its oxidation states, is important for its biological functions, its reactivity, and the biology of ferritin. Ferritin can be localized in different cellular compartments and secreted by cells with a variety of functions depending on its spatial context. Here, we discuss how cellular ferritin localization is tightly linked to its function in a tissue-specific manner, and how impairment of iron homeostasis is implicated in diseases, including cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Ferritin is a potential biomarker and we discuss latest research where it has been employed for imaging purposes and drug delivery.
Proteo3Dnet: a web server for the integration of structural information with interactomics data
Authors: Postic Guillaume , Andreani Jessica , Marcoux Julien , Reys Victor , Guerois Raphaël , Rey Julien , Mouton-Barbosa Emmanuelle , Vandenbrouck Yves , Cianferani Sarah , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Labesse Gilles , Tufféry Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProteo3Dnet is a web server dedicated to the analysis of mass spectrometry interactomics experiments. Given a flat list of proteins, its aim is to organize it in terms of structural interactions to provide a clearer overview of the data. This is achieved using three means: (i) the search for interologs with resolved structure available in the protein data bank, including cross-species remote homology search, (ii) the search for possibly weaker interactions mediated through Short Linear Motifs as predicted by ELM—a unique feature of Proteo3Dnet, (iii) the search for protein–protein interactions physically validated in the BioGRID database. The server then compiles this information and returns a graph of the identified interactions and details about the different searches. The graph can be interactively explored to understand the way the core complexes identified could interact. It can also suggest undetected partners to the experimentalists, or specific cases of conditionally exclusive binding. The interest of Proteo3Dnet, previously demonstrated for the difficult cases of the proteasome and pragmin complexes data is, here, illustrated in the context of yeast precursors to the small ribosomal subunits and the smaller interactome of 14–3–3zeta frequent interactors. The Proteo3Dnet web server is accessible at http://bioserv.rpbs.univ-paris-diderot.fr/services/Proteo3Dnet/.
antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities
Authors: Blin Kai , Shaw Simon , Kloosterman Alexander M , Charlop-Powers Zach , van Wezel Gilles P , Medema Marnix H , Weber Tilmann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many microorganisms produce natural products that form the basis of antimicrobials, antivirals, and other drugs. Genome mining is routinely used to complement screening-based workflows to discover novel natural products. Since 2011, the "antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH" (https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/) has supported researchers in their microbial genome mining tasks, both as a free-to-use web server and as a standalone tool under an OSI-approved open-source license. It is currently the most widely used tool for detecting and characterising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacteria and fungi. Here, we present the updated version 6 of antiSMASH. antiSMASH 6 increases the number of supported cluster types from 58 to 71, displays the modular structure of multi-modular BGCs, adds a new BGC comparison algorithm, allows for the integration of results from other prediction tools, and more effectively detects tailoring enzymes in RiPP clusters.
Safety and efficacy of the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and asymptomatic or symptomatic brain metastases (CheckMate 204)
Authors: Tawbi Hussein A , Forsyth Peter A , Hodi F Stephen , Lao Christopher D , Moschos Stergios J , Hamid Omid , Atkins Michael B , Lewis Karl , Thomas Reena P , Glaspy John A , Jang Sekwon , Algazi Alain P , Khushalani Nikhil I , Postow Michael A , Pavlick Anna C , Ernstoff Marc S , Reardon David A , Puzanov Igor , Kudchadkar Ragini R , Tarhini Ahmad A , Sumbul Anne , Rizzo Jasmine I , Margolin Kim A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
In patients with melanoma and asymptomatic brain metastases (MBM), nivolumab plus ipilimumab provided an intracranial response rate of 55%. Here, we present the first report for patients who were symptomatic and/or required corticosteroids and updated data for asymptomatic patients.

Methods
Patients with measurable MBM, 0.5-3.0 cm, were enrolled into Cohort A (asymptomatic) or Cohort B (stable neurologic symptoms and/or receiving corticosteroids). Nivolumab, 1 mg/kg, and ipilimumab, 3 mg/kg, were given intravenously every 3 weeks ×4, followed by nivolumab, 3 mg/kg, every 2 weeks until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or 24 months. The primary endpoint was intracranial clinical benefit rate (CBR; complete response [CR], partial response [PR], or stable disease ≥6 months).

Results
Symptomatic patients (N = 18) received a median of one nivolumab and ipilimumab combination dose and had an intracranial CBR of 22.2%. Two of 12 patients on corticosteroids had CR; 2 responded among the 6 not on corticosteroids. Median intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.2 and 8.7 months, respectively. In contrast, with 20.6 months of follow-up, we confirmed an intracranial CBR of 58.4% in asymptomatic patients (N = 101); median duration of response, PFS, and OS were not reached. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusions
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab provides durable clinical benefit for asymptomatic patients with MBM and should be considered for first-line therapy. This regimen has limited activity in MBM patients with neurologic symptoms and/or requiring corticosteroids, supporting the need for alternative approaches and methods to reduce the dependency on corticosteroids.
Clinical trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02320058.
Impact of Upper Extremity Impairment and Trunk Control on Self-Care Independence in Children With Upper Motor Neuron Lesions
Authors: Keller Jeffrey W , Fahr Annina , Lieber Jan , Balzer Julia , van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of different approaches to measure upper extremity selective voluntary motor control (SVMC), spasticity, strength, and trunk control for explaining self-care independence in children affected by upper motor neuron lesions.

Methods
Thirty-one patients (mean [SD] age = 12.5 [3.2] years) with mild to moderate arm function impairments participated in this observational study. Self-care independence was evaluated with the Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM). Upper extremity SVMC was quantified with the Selective Control of the Upper Extremity Scale (SCUES), a similarity index (SISCUES) calculated from simultaneously recorded surface electromyography muscle activity patterns, and an accuracy and involuntary movement score derived from an inertial-measurement-unit–based assessgame. The Trunk Control Measurement Scale was applied and upper extremity spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale) and strength (dynamometry) were assessed. To determine the relative importance of these factors for self-care independence, 3 regression models were created: 1 included only upper extremity SVMC measures, 1 included upper extremity and trunk SVMC measures (overall SVMC model), and 1 included all measures (final self-care model).

Results
In the upper extremity SVMC model (total variance explained 52.5%), the assessgame (30.7%) and SCUES (16.5%) were more important than the SISCUES (4.5%). In the overall SVMC model (75.0%), trunk SVMC (39.0%) was followed by the assessgame (21.1%), SCUES (11.0%), and SISCUES (4.5%). In the final self-care model (82.1%), trunk control explained 43.2%, upper extremity SVMC explained 23.1%, spasticity explained 12.3%, and strength explained 2.3%.

Conclusion
Although upper extremity SVMC explains a substantial portion of self-care independence, overall trunk control was even more important. Whether training trunk control and SVMC can translate to improved self-care independence should be the subject of future research.

Impact
This study highlights the importance of trunk control and selective voluntary motor control for self-care independence in children with upper motor neuron lesions.
The Independent Effects of Psychosocial Stressors on Subclinical Psychosis: Findings From the Multinational EU-GEI Study
Authors: Pignon Baptiste , Lajnef Mohamed , Kirkbride James B , Peyre Hugo , Ferchiou Aziz , Richard Jean-Romain , Baudin Grégoire , Tosato Sarah , Jongsma Hannah , de Haan Lieuwe , Tarricone Ilaria , Bernardo Miguel , Velthorst Eva , Braca Mauro , Arango Celso , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Di Forti Marta , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Jones Peter B , La Cascia Caterina , Lasalvia Antonio , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Quattrone Diego , Sanjuán Julio , Selten Jean-Paul , Tortelli Andrea , Llorca Pierre-Michel , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P F , Murray Robin M , Morgan Craig , Leboyer Marion , Szöke Andrei , Schürhoff Franck 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe influence of psychosocial stressors on psychosis risk has usually been studied in isolation and after the onset of the disorder, potentially ignoring important confounding relationships or the fact that some stressors that may be the consequence of the disorder rather than preexisting. The study of subclinical psychosis could help to address some of these issues. In this study, we investigated whether there was (i) an association between dimensions of subclinical psychosis and several psychosocial stressors including: childhood trauma, self-reported discrimination experiences, low social capital, and stressful life experiences, and (ii) any evidence of environment–environment (ExE) interactions between these factors. Data were drawn from the EUGEI study, in which healthy controls (N = 1497) and siblings of subjects with a psychotic disorder (N = 265) were included in six countries. The association between psychosocial stressors and subclinical psychosis dimensions (positive, negative and depressive dimension as measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale) and possible ExE interactions were assessed using linear regression models. After adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, country, and control/sibling status, childhood trauma (β for positive dimension: 0.13, negative: 0.49, depressive: 0.26) and stressful life events (positive: 0.08, negative: 0.16, depressive: 0.17) were associated with the three dimensions. Lower social capital was associated with the negative and depression dimensions (negative: 0.26, depressive: 0.13), and self-reported discrimination experiences with the positive dimension (0.06). Our findings are in favor of independent, cumulative and non-specific influences of social adversities in subclinical psychosis in non-clinical populations, without arguments for E × E interactions.
Gluteal Soft-Tissue Repositioning Using Polydioxane Threads
Authors: Lee Won , Jung Young-Choon , Yang Eun-Jung 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND
Buttock reshaping has recently gained popularity. Gluteal soft-tissue repositioning can be performed using polydioxane threads, followed by anthropometric measurements.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of polydioxane threads for noninvasive gluteal soft-tissue repositioning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From February 2018 to August 2019, 27 women (mean age, 38.9 years; range, 26–65 years) underwent thread lifting. Multiple polydioxane threads (total, 24–30 threads for each buttock side) were used for gluteal soft-tissue repositioning. The treatment outcomes were based on comparisons of the preoperative and postoperative findings.

RESULTS
The mean ratio of the upper and lower vertical proportions of the buttocks changed from 63:37 preoperatively to 55:45 postoperatively. The mean projection angle of the upper portion decreased from 60.1° preoperatively to 54.3° postoperatively. Twenty-four patients (86%) were satisfied with the results up to 8 months postoperatively. One patient developed persistent pain (>1 month), and 4 patients showed skin dimpling, which resolved within 2 weeks after minimal massages. No hematomas, foreign body sensation, or thread protrusions were noted.

CONCLUSION
Polydioxane threads could be an alternative, minimally invasive tool for buttock lifting. Our novel technique of repositioning the buttock soft tissue improved lifting and augmentation and provided a better buttock shape.
#15 Versus #15c Scalpel Blades for Skin Incisions: Accuracy With and Without Magnification
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Kato Tomotaka , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND
Use of a #15 blade is the most popular way for making skin incisions in dermatology. For finer and more accurate incisions, a #15c blade can be used. However, there is no evidence that demonstrates the superiority of the #15c blade over the #15 blade.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the skin incisions made with a #15 blade and #15c blade using varied magnifications.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Twenty fresh chicken thighs with intact skin were used in this study. Incisions were made on the skin using #15 and #15c blades with ×1.0, ×2.5, and ×5.0 magnification. The accuracy of the incision (length and depth) made by the different scalpel blades and magnifications was analyzed using the 2 × 3 chi-squared test. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors of the incision depth and length.

RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in the evaluations of length or depth using the 2 × 3 chi-squared test. However, the multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the incision length and depth were associated with use of the #15c scalpel blade.

CONCLUSION
Use of a #15c scalpel blade with ×5.0 magnification is recommended for making incisions when less than 1- to 2-mm accuracy is required.