bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLH Development as Implementation Support for SFH (Study from Home) Policy During Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Validity and Effectivity
Authors: Kholiq A , Sucahyo I , Dzulkiflih  , Yantidewi M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift due to the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world, including Indonesia, therefore the Indonesian government issues policies of working from home, studying from home, and worshipping at home. The developing V-learn HOTS is in line with the studying from home policy launched by the Indonesian government. V-Learn HOTS was developed by combining v-learn and high order thinking (HOTS) which was useful for supporting 21st century skill. The objective of this research is to analyse the feasibility level of developed VLH in terms of the validity and effectivity of VLH use in long distance lecture in order to obtain appropriate VLH media that can be used in lectures for students. This study used a development research method with the DDD-E design which could be defined as decide, design, develop, and evaluate [1]. Data collection techniques used validation data collection techniques with validation instruments and assessment of student HOTS skills improvement, pre-test and post-test instruments which were then analysed using quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the data analysis that had been performed, it was found that the developed VLH had an average validity level of 79.44% with valid criteria. As for effectiveness, it was obtained from the results of the pre-test and post-test analysis so that the n-gain results were 0.43 in the moderate category. The conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is that the VLH is valid and effective so as it is suitable for long distance lecture on basic electronics 1 in accordance with the Indonesian government policies in handling Covid-19.
Analysis of Air Temperature and Humidity in Kedunggalar Against BMKG Data Based on DHT11 Sensor
Authors: Saputro A D , Yantidewi M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to compare the temperature and humidity data presented by the BMKG against realtime data based on the DHT11 sensor readings in Kedunggalar, Ngawi. Data was collected for 14 days (8-21 September 2020) at the same time interval between 07-10 AM according to the data update on the BMKG website. Temperature and humidity readings are recorded periodically with the DHT11 sensor every second for one minute, so that 60 data generated every one day. The average temperature and humidity data produced by the DHT11 sensor is 29.18 °C and 68.16% with a comparison of the average data from the BMKG website 28.79 °C and 65.36%. So that from the comparison of direct measurements of DHT11 and from the website it has a sensor reading error against a temperature of 1.59 °C and a humidity of 5.24%. The conclusion is that the measurement of temperature and humidity in Kedunggalar with the DHT11 sensor is very valid against the data on the BMKG website. Even though the humidity exceeds the accuracy limit of the DHT11 sensor which is a maximum tolerance value of 5%, on the other hand the temperature reading is very accurate because the tolerance value is less than 2 °C.
HPOFiller: identifying missing protein–phenotype associations by graph convolutional network
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Mamitsuka Hiroshi , Zhu Shanfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Exploring the relationship between human proteins and abnormal phenotypes is of great importance in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The human phenotype ontology (HPO) is a standardized vocabulary that describes the phenotype abnormalities encountered in human diseases. However, the current HPO annotations of proteins are not complete. Thus, it is important to identify missing protein–phenotype associations.

Results
We propose HPOFiller, a graph convolutional network (GCN)-based approach, for predicting missing HPO annotations. HPOFiller has two key GCN components for capturing embeddings from complex network structures: (i) S-GCN for both protein–protein interaction network and HPO semantic similarity network to utilize network weights; (ii) Bi-GCN for the protein–phenotype bipartite graph to conduct message passing between proteins and phenotypes. The core idea of HPOFiller is to repeat run these two GCN modules consecutively over the three networks, to refine the embeddings. Empirical results of extremely stringent evaluation avoiding potential information leakage including cross-validation and temporal validation demonstrates that HPOFiller significantly outperforms all other state-of-the-art methods. In particular, the ablation study shows that batch normalization contributes the most to the performance. The further examination offers literature evidence for highly ranked predictions. Finally using known disease-HPO term associations, HPOFiller could suggest promising, unknown disease–gene associations, presenting possible genetic causes of human disorders.

Availabilityand implementation
https://github.com/liulizhi1996/HPOFiller.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Increased facial asymmetry in focal epilepsies associated with unilateral lesions
Authors: Balestrini Simona , Lopez Seymour M , Chinthapalli Krishna , Sargsyan Narek , Demurtas Rita , Vos Sjoerd , Altmann Andre , Suttie Michael , Hammond Peter , Sisodiya Sanjay M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe epilepsies are now conceptualized as network disruptions: focal epilepsies are considered to have network alterations in the hemisphere of seizure onset, whilst generalized epilepsies are considered to have bi-hemispheric network changes. Increasingly, many epilepsies are also considered to be neurodevelopmental disorders, with early changes in the brain underpinning seizure biology. The development of the structure of the face is influenced by complex molecular interactions between surface ectoderm and underlying developing forebrain and neural crest cells. This influence is likely to continue postnatally, given the evidence of facial growth changes over time in humans until at least 18 years of age. In this case–control study, we hypothesized that people with lateralized focal epilepsies (i.e. unilateral network changes) have an increased degree of facial asymmetry, compared with people with generalized epilepsies or controls without epilepsy. We applied three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry and dense surface models to evaluate facial asymmetry in people with epilepsy, aiming to generate new tools to explore pathophysiological mechanisms in epilepsy. We analysed neuroimaging data to explore the correlation between face and brain asymmetry. We consecutively recruited 859 people with epilepsy attending the epilepsy clinics at a tertiary referral centre. We used dense surface modelling of the full face and signature analyses of three-dimensional facial photographs to analyse facial differences between 378 cases and 205 healthy controls. Neuroimaging around the time of the facial photograph was available for 234 cases. We computed the brain asymmetry index between contralateral regions. Cases with focal symptomatic epilepsy associated with unilateral lesions showed greater facial asymmetry compared to controls (P = 0.0001, two-sample t-test). This finding was confirmed by linear regression analysis after controlling for age and gender. We also found a significant correlation between duration of illness and the brain asymmetry index of total average cortical thickness (r = −0.19, P = 0.0075) but not for total average surface area (r = 0.06, P = 0.3968). There was no significant correlation between facial asymmetry and asymmetry of regional cortical thickness or surface area. We propose that the greater facial asymmetry in cases with focal epilepsy caused by unilateral abnormality might be explained by early unilateral network disruption, and that this is independent of underlying brain asymmetry. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry and dense surface modelling are a novel powerful phenotyping tool in epilepsy that may permit greater understanding of pathophysiology in epilepsy, and generate further insights into the development of cerebral networks underlying epilepsy, and the genetics of facial and neural development.
A Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Flurbiprofen in Rat Plasma: Application to Real Sample
Authors: Yaman Mehmet Emrah , Atila Alptug , Akman Tugrul Cagri , Albayrak Mevlut , Kadioglu Yucel , Halici Zekai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For the quantification of flurbiprofen in rat plasma, a simple UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and short retention time for flurbiprofen was developed and validated using specific parameters. Etodolac was used as internal standard. The transitions (precursor to the product) of flurbiprofen and internal standard were obtained using the electrospray ionization in the negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode, 243.2 → 199.2, 286.2 → 212.1, respectively. For chromatographic separation, C18 column was used for the stationary phase and gradient elution was used for the mobile phase. This mobile phase consisted of a methanol (A) and a 5 mM ammonium formate solution (B), which varied at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. For flurbiprofen, LLOQ was determined as 5 ng/mL. Quantification of flurbiprofen in the rat plasma with a linear calibration curve of 5–5000 ng/mL (r &gt; 0.9991 for plasma) is possible with a retention time of 1.89 min. The total analysis time of the method was 3 min. The proposed method was validated. The intraday and inter-day precision (RSD%) and accuracy (RE%) were within 10% in all cases for flurbiprofen. The stability of flurbiprofen was evaluated under conditions such as short-term, long-term, autosampler and freeze/thaw. After method validation, flurbiprofen was succesfully quantified in real rat plasma samples.
Agency and Autonomy in the Maritime Silk Road Initiative: An Examination of Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal Disputes
Authors: Barton Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Touted as the second coming of the Hambantota debt-for-equity swap deal, the ongoing legal dispute pitting Dubai Ports (DP) World (United Arab Emirates) and China Merchants Port (CMP) over the Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT) (Djibouti) in front of the Hong Kong High Courts has been hastily interpreted as yet another act of Chinese economic statecraft. Yet, when looking more closely at the specifics of this dispute, it would appear that the evidence does not lend itself favourably to those who advocate the power of Chinese political leverage in return for “debt traps”. This article debunks the myth of Chinese grand strategy as the driving force behind the legal dispute over the DCT, by instead placing the combination of Djiboutian elite agency and CMP’s entrepreneurial autonomy as the primary causal variables. It does so by predominantly drawing on unexplored publicly available data obtained from the various legal disputes pertaining to the DCT.
Pleiotropic effects of telomere length loci with brain morphology and brain tissue expression
Authors: Pathak Gita A , Wendt Frank R , Levey Daniel F , Mecca Adam P , van Dyck Christopher H , Gelernter Joel , Polimanti Renato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have reported association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although telomere length is affected by environmental factors, genetic variants in certain loci are strongly associated with LTL. Thus, we aimed to identify the genomic relationship between genetic variants of LTL with brain-based regulatory changes and brain volume.We tested genetic colocalization of seven and nine LTL loci in two ancestry groups, European (EUR) and East-Asian (EAS), respectively, with brain morphology measures for 101 T1-magnetic resonance imaging-based region of interests (n = 21 821). The posterior probability (&gt;90%) was observed for ‘fourth ventricle’, ‘gray matter’ and ‘cerebellar vermal lobules I–IV’ volumes. We then tested causal relationship using LTL loci for gene and methylation expression. We found causal pleiotropy for gene (EAS = four genes; EUR = five genes) and methylation expression (EUR = 17 probes; EAS = 4 probes) of brain tissues (P ≤ 2.47 × 10−6). Integrating chromatin profiles with LTL-single nucleotide polymorphisms identified 45 genes (EUR) and 79 genes (EAS) (P ≤ 9.78×10−7). We found additional 38 LTL-genes using chromatin-based gene mapping for EUR ancestry population. Gene variants in three LTL-genes—GPR37, OBFC1 and RTEL1/RTEL1-TNFRSF6B—show convergent evidence of pleiotropy with brain morphology, gene and methylation expression and chromatin association. Mapping gene functions to drug–gene interactions, we identified process ‘transmission across chemical synapses’ (P &lt; 2.78 × 10−4).This study provides evidence that genetic variants of LTL have pleiotropic roles with brain-based effects that could explain the phenotypic association of LTL with several neuropsychiatric traits.
Short Shrift to International Non-Refoulement Obligations? Australia’s Approach to Criminal Deportation
Authors: Bostock Chantal , Cabarrús Jason 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Australia’s Migration Act 1958 (Cth) provides for visas that honour Australia’s international non-refoulement obligations; it also provides for visas to be refused or cancelled on criminal grounds, resulting in removal from Australia. In 2014, Australia introduced mandatory visa cancellation for certain criminal non-citizens sentenced to 12 months or more in prison. Coinciding with these changes was the codification of aspects of refugee and human rights law, the severing of references to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and the introduction of section 197C in the Migration Act, which provides that non-refoulement obligations are irrelevant when considering the power to remove non-citizens. This article focuses on the interaction between these changes in the law, analysing the application of the complex legal provisions which govern the legal position of those seeking protection or owed international non-refoulement obligations.
This analysis identifies a number of unintended consequences that appear to have resulted from these changes. These include risks that Australia’s international non-refoulement obligations may not be adequately considered or safeguarded, resulting in serious consequences for the individual concerned, including the possibility of indefinite detention or refoulement. They also include implications for the rule of law, and uncertainty, delay, and cost in aspects of the system for decision making and review.
T-Cell Homeostatic Imbalance in Placentas From Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Vertical Transmission
Authors: Ikumi Nadia M , Pillay Komala , Tilburgs Tamara , Malaba Thokozile R , Dzanibe Sonwabile , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L , Chakraborty Rana , Lamorde Mohammed , Myer Landon , Khoo Saye , Jaspan Heather B , Gray Clive M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly lowered vertical transmission rates but has also increased numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed uninfected children, who remain vulnerable to morbid effects. In the current study, we investigated whether T-cell alterations in the placenta contribute to altered immune status in HIV-exposed uninfected.

Methods
We analyzed T cells from term placenta decidua and villous tissue and paired cord blood from pregnant women living with HIV (PWH) who initiated ART late in pregnancy (n = 21) with pregnant women not living with HIV (PWNH) (n = 9).

Results
Placentas from PWH showed inverted CD4/CD8 ratios and higher proportions of tissue resident CD8+ T cells in villous tissue relative to control placentas. CD8+ T cells in the fetal capillaries, which were of fetal origin, were positively correlated with maternal plasma viremia before ART initiation, implying that imbalanced T cells persisted throughout pregnancy. In addition, the expanded memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells was confined to the fetal placental compartment and cord blood but was not observed in the maternal decidua.

Conclusions
T-cell homeostatic imbalance in the blood circulation of PWH is reflected in the placenta. The placenta may be a causal link between HIV-induced maternal immune changes during gestation and altered immunity in newborn infants in the absence of vertical transmission.
Broad Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cell Tropism and Immunopathology in Lung Tissues From Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ramos da Silva Suzane , Ju Enguo , Meng Wen , Paniz Mondolfi Alberto E , Dacic Sanja , Green Anthony , Bryce Clare , Grimes Zachary , Fowkes Mary , Sordillo Emilia M , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Guo Haitao , Gao Shou-Jiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients manifest with pulmonary symptoms reflected by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), excessive inflammation, and thromboembolism. The mechanisms mediating these processes remain unclear.

Methods
We performed multicolor staining for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins and lineage markers to define viral tropism and lung pathobiology in 5 autopsy cases.

Results
Lung parenchyma showed severe DAD with thromboemboli. Viral infection was found in an extensive range of cells including pneumocyte type II, ciliated, goblet, club-like, and endothelial cells. More than 90% of infiltrating immune cells were positive for viral proteins including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and T cells. Most but not all infected cells were angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) positive. The numbers of infected and ACE2-positive cells are associated with extensive tissue damage. Infected tissues exhibited high levels of inflammatory cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells, and low levels of B cells but abundant T cells consisting of mainly T helper cells, few cytotoxic T cells, and no regulatory T cells. Robust interleukin-6 expression was present in most cells, with or without infection.

Conclusions
In fatal COVID-19 lungs, there are broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropisms, extensive infiltrated innate immune cells, and activation and depletion of adaptive immune cells, contributing to severe tissue damage, thromboemboli, excess inflammation, and compromised immune responses.
Does Experiencing International Research Collaboration Permanently Affect the Impact of Scientific Production? Evidence from Africa
Authors: Mirnezami Seyed Reza , Beaudry Catherine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of experiencing a research collaboration between African scientists and their international partners on the African scientists’ research impact, measured by scores based on the number of citations and journal impact factor. Using a difference-in-difference regression analysis on publication data of African scientists, the results show that international research collaboration in a given year has a positive and significant effect on research impact, which lasts in the subsequent years. The presence of such permanent effect suggests a sort of ‘permanent learning by international collaboration’. The positive effect of international collaboration on research impact, however, does not necessarily imply that the scientists with only local research collaboration are lesser scientists.
Stability and Validation of a High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Cefepime, Meropenem, and Piperacillin and Tazobactam in Serum
Authors: Bjergum Matthew W , Barreto Erin F , Scheetz Marc H , Rule Andrew D , Jannetto Paul J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The class of antibiotics known as β-lactams are a commonly used due to their effectiveness and safety. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed but requires an accurate assay along with well-characterized preanalytic stability, as β-lactams are known to be relatively unstable.

Methods
A high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay validation and stability study was performed for cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin and tazobactam in serum. Patient samples, standards, and QCs were crashed with acetonitrile containing internal standard. Following centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernatant was diluted with clinical laboratory reagent water and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

Results
The assay showed linearity between 0.5 and 60 µg/mL for each analyte. The intra- and interassay reproducibility at 3 different concentrations (approximately 2, 25, and 40 µg/mL) was &lt;5% for each analyte. Accuracy studies for each analyte were compared using linear regression and demonstrated: slope = 1.0 ± 0.1; r2 ≥ 0.980; and y intercept 95% CI that included zero. Minimal ion suppression or enhancement was observed, and no significant carryover was observed up to 500 µg/mL of each analyte. Stability studies demonstrated significant loss in serum for each analyte at ambient and refrigerated temperatures (2–8 °C) and at −20 °C over days or weeks. In contrast, when stored at −80 °C, no significant loss was observed.

Conclusions
The LC-MS/MS assay showed acceptable performance characteristics for quantitation of β-lactams. With well-characterized stability, this assay can be used with residual specimens for pharmacokinetic modeling, which may lead to individualized dosing and improved patient care.
Life History of Bedellia somnulentella (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae) Feeding on Ipomoea batatas (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) Leaves and Survey of Parasitoids in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Marinalva Martins , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , da Silva Isabel Moreira , Caldeira Zaira Vieira , de Abreu Caique Menezes , Rocha de Souza Michael Willian , da Silva Antônio Alberto , Zanuncio José Cola , de Castro e Castro Bárbara Monteiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The microlepidoptera, Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller), is an important pest of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Damage by B. somnulentella occurs in the larval stage and when consuming the foliar mesophyll of I. batatas make the leaves brown, wrinkled, and reducing the photosynthetic area and the yield. The detection and management of this pest depends on knowing its biological cycle and identifying its natural enemies. The objectives of this study were to determine the life history of B. somnulentella feeding on I. batatas leaves and to survey parasitoids of this pest in the field. The duration and viability of B. somnulentella egg, larva, prepupa, pupa, and adult stages were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Cephalic capsule width was measured to determine the number of B. somnulentella instars, based on the Dyar rule and analyzed by the Akaike statistical model (AIC). The developmental period of B. somnulentella was 32.5 ± 0. 21 d with a viability of 75, 84, 100, and 84% for the egg, larva, prepupa, and pupa stages, respectively. The identification of this pest on the plants is possible from the third instar and in the pupal and adult stages. The parasitoid Conura sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) was identified parasitizing pupae of B. somnulentella and could be considered a potential natural enemy for the integrated management of this pest.