bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast-transient Searches in Real Time with ZTFReST: Identification of Three Optically Discovered Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and New Constraints on the Kilonova Rate
Authors: Andreoni Igor , Coughlin Michael W. , Kool Erik C. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kumar Harsh , Bhalerao Varun , Carracedo Ana Sagués , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Pang Peter T. H. , Saraogi Divita , Sharma Kritti , Shenoy Vedant , Burns Eric , Ahumada Tomás , Anand Shreya , Singer Leo P. , Perley Daniel A. , De Kishalay , Fremling U. C. , Bellm Eric C. , Bulla Mattia , Crellin-Quick Arien , Dietrich Tim , Drake Andrew , Duev Dmitry A. , Goobar Ariel , Graham Matthew J. , Kaplan David L. , Kulkarni S. R. , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish A. , Shupe David L. , Sollerman Jesper , Walters Richard , Yao Yuhan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The most common way to discover extragalactic fast transients, which fade within a few nights in the optical, is via follow-up of gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave triggers. However, wide-field surveys have the potential to identify rapidly fading transients independently of such external triggers. The volumetric survey speed of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) makes it sensitive to objects as faint and fast fading as kilonovae, the optical counterparts to binary neutron star mergers, out to almost 200 Mpc. We introduce an open-source software infrastructure, the ZTF REaltime Search and Triggering, ZTFReST, designed to identify kilonovae and fast transients in ZTF data. Using the ZTF alert stream combined with forced point-spread-function photometry, we have implemented automated candidate ranking based on their photometric evolution and fitting to kilonova models. Automated triggering, with a human in the loop for monitoring, of follow-up systems has also been implemented. In 13 months of science validation, we found several extragalactic fast transients independently of any external trigger, including two supernovae with post-shock cooling emission, two known afterglows with an associated gamma-ray burst (ZTF20abbiixp, ZTF20abwysqy), two known afterglows without any known gamma-ray counterpart (ZTF20aajnksq, ZTF21aaeyldq), and three new fast-declining sources (ZTF20abtxwfx, ZTF20acozryr, ZTF21aagwbjr) that are likely associated with GRB200817A, GRB201103B, and GRB210204A. However, we have not found any objects that appear to be kilonovae. We constrain the rate of GW170817-like kilonovae to R < 900 Gpc−3 yr−1 (95% confidence). A framework such as ZTFReST could become a prime tool for kilonova and fast-transient discovery with the Vera Rubin Observatory.
Wind-powered Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
Authors: Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Lasota Jean-Pierre , Belczynski Krzysztof , Lu Youjun , Liu Jifeng , Iłkiewicz Krystian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are important for astrophysics because of their extreme apparent super-Eddington luminosities, their nature is still poorly known. Theoretical and observational studies suggest that ULXs could be a diversified group of objects that are composed of low-mass X-ray binaries, high-mass X-ray binaries and marginally also systems containing intermediate-mass black holes. Observational data on the ULX donors could significantly boost our understanding of these systems, but only a few have been detected. There are several candidates, mostly red supergiants (RSGs), but surveys are typically biased toward luminous near-infrared objects. In ULXs harbouring RSGs matter accreted onto the compact body would have to be provided by the stellar wind of the companion because a Roche-lobe overflow could be unstable for relevant mass-ratios. We present a comprehensive study of the evolution and population of wind-fed ULXs, and we provide a theoretical support for the link between RSGs and ULXs. Assuming a minimal model of stellar-wind emission, our estimated upper limit on contribution of wind-fed ULX to the overall ULX population is ∼75%–96% for young (<100 Myr) star-forming environments, ∼49%–87% for prolonged constant star formation (e.g., disk of Milky Way), and ≲1% for environments in which star formation ceased long time (>2 Gyr) ago. We show also that some wind-fed ULXs (up to 6%) may evolve into merging double compact objects (DCOs). We demonstrate that the exclusion of wind-fed ULXs from population studies of ULXs might have lead to systematic errors in their conclusions.
Observations of Bright Pulses from Pulsar B0031–07 at 4.82 GHz
Authors: Wen Z. G. , Yuen R. , Wang N. , Tu Z. Y. , Yan Z. , Yuan J. P. , Yan W. M. , Chen J. L. , Wang H. G. , Shen Z. Q. , Wang Z. , Yang W. J. , Duan X. F. , Zhang Y. F. , Wang Y. B. , Mao J. W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report on the detection of 146 (0.96%) bright pulses with a peak flux density >0.86 Jy from PSR B0031–07 in 4 hr of continuous observations made at 4.82 GHz, with a bandwidth of 1 GHz, using the Shanghai Tian Ma 65 m radio telescope. We find that the peak flux density distribution follows a power law with index α = −3.6 ± 0.2, while the pulse energy appears to follow a logarithmic normal distribution. The bright pulses from PSR B0031–07 were observed to repeat in an irregular fashion. The intervals between bright pulses can be described with an exponentiated Weibull distribution. Furthermore, the sensitive observations at higher frequency with a short time resolution of 65.54 μs form a reliable basis for detailed microstructure studies. Close inspection of the detected bright pulses reveals that 38 pulses exhibit well-defined quasi-periodicities. No unanimous period for the quasi-periodicities is found, and the peak flux density is independent of the micropulse width. Finally, possible physical mechanisms are discussed.
NICER Detection of Thermal X-Ray Pulsations from the Massive Millisecond Pulsars PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J1614–2230
Authors: Wolff Michael T. , Guillot Sebastien , Bogdanov Slavko , Ray Paul S. , Kerr Matthew , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. , Miller M. Coleman , Dittmann Alexander J. , Ho Wynn C. G. , Guillemot Lucas , Cognard Ismael , Theureau Gilles , Wood Kent S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report the detection of X-ray pulsations from the rotation-powered millisecond-period pulsars PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J1614−2230, two of the most massive neutron stars known, using observations with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). We also analyze X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) data for both pulsars to obtain their time-averaged fluxes and study their respective X-ray fields. PSR J0740+6620 exhibits a broad double-peaked profile with a separation of ∼0.4 in phase. PSR J1614−2230, on the other hand, has a broad single-peak profile. We show the NICER detections of X-ray pulsations for both pulsars and also discuss the phase relationship to their radio pulsations. The XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of both pulsars shows they are thermally dominated but in the case of PSR J1614−2230 a weak nonthermal high energy tail appears to be present in the spectrum. The thermally dominated spectra along with broad modulations for both pulsars are indicative of thermal radiation from one or more small regions of the stellar surface. For PSR J0740+6620, this paper documents the data reduction performed to obtain the pulsation detection and prepare for pulse light curve modeling analysis.
The role of resistin and its relation to other pathogenetic factors of the chronic kidney disease development
Authors: Gubina Nataliia , Kupnovytska Irina , Mishchuk Vasil , Hladka Nataliia 
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of death from non-communicable diseases, and its prevalence in 2017 ranged from 8.5 to 9.8%. Depending on the stage of CKD, stage 1 was diagnosed in 3.5%, stage 2 in 3.2% and stage 3 in 7.6%, while stages 4 and 5 took place in 0.4 and 0.1% of the world’s population respectively. Obesity also contributes to the increase in the prevalence and severity of CKD, and their combination occurs in 3.1% of patients. Kidney damage and their structural and functional changes in patients with obesity are associated with high metabolic activity of adipose tissue, due to the synthesis of adipocytokines, including resistin.The purpose of the work: to study changes of resistin level in the blood in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease, its relation to the level of endothelin, markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation.Materials and methods: 70 patients with stage 1 and 88 patients with stage 2 of CKD with different stages of obesity were examined. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the formula CKD-EPI based on creatinine, cystatin C and their combination (CKD-EPIcysC / cr). The levels of cystatin C, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Determination of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum was performed by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with the help of Statistica 6.0 statistical software package using Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: an increase of the resistin level in the blood by 1.3 times in the patients with stage 1 CKD and by 1.6 times in the patients with stage 2 CKD and obesity was determined (p1.2 &lt; 0.05), and there was a weak correlation between its concentration in the blood and body mass index. A significant average negative correlation between resistin and GFR was detected. Increased serum resistin level correlates with increased TNF-α. In patients of both groups, the level of resistin and LDL increases simultaneously, and the correlation between them increases as CKD progresses. Similar changes are observed with respect to increasing concentrations of resistin and endothelin-1. Thus, an increase of resistin level in the blood in patients with the early stages of CKD initiates a number of pathological changes, such as systemic inflammation, hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction.
The effect of intranasal administration of an IL-1b antagonist (RAIL) on the state of the nitroxydergic system of the brain during modeling of acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Burlaka Bogdan S. , Belenichev Igor F. , Ryzhenko Olga I. , Ryzhenko Victor P. , Aliyeva Olena G. , Makyeyeva Lyudmyla V. , Popazova Olena O. , Bak Pavlo G. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the effect activity of RAIL-gel in comparison with Citicoline on nitroxydergic system during acute cerebrovascular accident.
Methods: In this study, 80 white nonlinear rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (20 rats in each): 1) intact; 2) control - untreated with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA), examined on the 4th day; 3) animals with ACVA, receiving RAIL, examined on the 18th day; 4) animals with ACVA, treated with Citicoline, examined on the 4th day. The expression of inducible NOS was determined by Western blotting. The nitrosative stress marker, nitrotyrosine, was determined using the ELISE kit NITROTYROSINE (kit no. HK501-02, series 12825k1212-k). To assess the state of iNOS mRNA expression, we used the method of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription in real time (RT-PCR).
Results: Our research demonstrated that course administration of the RAIL and Citicoline to animals with ACVA for 4 days leads to the stabilization of the parameters of the brain nitroxydergic system. However, Citicoline does not provide a full effect on the shifts of the NO system in the brain. It does not have the proper effect on such an important link in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage as nitrosative stress. RAIL leads to a significant decrease in NOS activity due to its inducible form (decrease in the expression of iNOS and iNOS mRNA) and a decrease in NO metabolits, and inhibition of nitrosative stress (decrease in nitrotyrosine).
Conclusion: IL-1b antagonist RAIL (Intranal Gel) significantly exceeds Citicoline in terms of the severity of the effect on the nitroxydergic system indicators.
Policing & big data . La mise en algorithmes d’une politique internationale
Authors: Amicelle Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Le concept de policing renvoie à une dimension spécifique du contrôle social, et désigne l’existence d’opérations de surveillance couplées à la menace de sanctions en cas de déviance. En appelant à surveiller les transactions financières pour lutter contre la criminalité et le terrorisme, l’action publique internationale contre l’argent sale a légitimé et généralisé au cours de ces dernières décennies une nouvelle forme de policing . Celle-ci implique des acteurs majeurs du capitalisme qui ne sont pas à proprement parler des entreprises de sécurité privée. À l’instar d’initiatives du même ordre plus récentes, elle repose sur l’articulation d’univers relevant, d’une part, de l’économie et de la finance, d’autre part, du pénal et de la sécurité. Comment cette articulation s’opère-t-elle, et avec quels effets, tant sur le fonctionnement de ces univers sociaux que sur l’exercice du policing contemporain ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous situons l’analyse sur un plan sociotechnique, en étudiant la mise en algorithmes des opérations de surveillance. Figure montante dans le domaine de la sécurité, les algorithmes sont omniprésents au sein du policing financier. En tant qu’objets-frontières, ils constituent un point d’entrée crucial pour étudier les relations entre « économie » et « sécurité » sur lesquelles repose une partie croissante du policing à l’heure des big data .
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Nannoni Catia 
Published: September 2021

Cette étude porte sur les moments saillants de la réception de Laclos et de son roman en Italie, de la réticence initiale à la réhabilitation progressive de l’auteur et à la graduelle découverte des Liaisons de la part des éditeurs et des critiques. Ce processus, qui s’achève au XX e siècle, montre le rôle militant des premières traductions italiennes, cautionnées par des initiatives éditoriales et des péritextes qui contribuent à la légitimation d’une œuvre longtemps reléguée au second rayon.
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Altachina Veronika 
Published: September 2021

L’histoire des traductions des Liaisons dangereuses est instructive. Connu dans le texte aux XVIII e et XIX e siècles, le roman fut édité en russe quatre fois avant les années 1990 à partir desquelles il connut une grande vogue. Pouchkine, qui le cite et y fait de nombreuses allusions, puis Lermontov dans son Héros de notre temps (1840), Boborikine dans La Victime du soir (1868) et enfin Filatov, qui écrit une farce tragique en vers, Dangereux, dangereux, très dangereux (1999), comptent parmi les lecteurs russes de Laclos .
Laclos après Laclos
Authors: Thil Éric 
Published: September 2021

Un des textes de jeunesse de Marguerite Yourcenar, Alexis ou Le Traité du vain combat , un roman de 1929, acquiert une profondeur nouvelle si on le voit comme un dialogue littéraire avec Les Liaisons dangereuses de Laclos : sa forme (il s’agit d’une confession épistolaire monodique) et la subversion de celle-ci vont main dans la main pour livrer un message qu’il s’agit de lire entre les lignes.
Les femmes sur l’Île de La Réunion fortement exposées aux violences pendant l’enfance et l’adolescence
Authors: Condon Stéphanie , Dauphin Sandrine , Dupuis Justine , l’équipe de l’enquête Virage dans l  
Published: September 2021

À La Réunion, d’après l’enquête Virage dans les Outre-mer, 30 % des femmes et 25 % des hommes déclarent des faits de violence avant 18 ans dans les différentes sphères de vie (études, loisirs, cercle amical, famille, proches). Ces faits sont nettement plus fréquents que dans l’Hexagone. Au sein de la famille, les femmes déclarent davantage de violences subies, et cela de tout type (psychologique, physique, sexuel). Les auteurs de violences sexuelles subies par les mineures de moins de 18 ans sont majoritairement des hommes de la famille et de l’entourage proche.
Adjuvant ketorolac to peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery
Authors: Howaidy Ahmed , Eldaly Zeiad H. , Arafa Mohamed , Othman Tag El Din 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ketorolac to peribulbar anesthesia versus conventional peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective randomized comparative study that recruited patients with visually significant cataract and no other ocular or systemic conditions that may influence the ocular sensation. Patients were scheduled for phacoemulsification. They were randomly assigned into three groups. In the first group (GI), an anesthetic mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, hyaluronidase, and ketorolac was utilized. In the second group (GII), a mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase was used, whereas in the third group (GIII), a mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, and ketorolac was used. The onset of globe anesthesia and akinesia and the duration of globe akinesia were recorded. In addition, intraoperative pain and postoperative pain experienced by the participants were assessed using the numerical rating scale after patient instructions.

Results
The study included 114 patients. The onset of globe anesthesia was significantly faster in GI (6.5±1.3 min) compared with GII and GIII (8.1±1.5 and 8.8±1.9 min, respectively, P<0.0001). A significantly faster onset of globe akinesia was recorded in GI (9.5±1.4 min) and GII (9.6±1.4 min) compared with GIII (11.2±1.8 min) (P<0.0001). Concerning globe akinesia, there was no significant difference among the study groups (P=0.191). In addition, no significant difference was reported among the study groups regarding pain scores throughout the procedure.

Conclusion
Ketorolac was an effective adjuvant to peribulbar block. It effectively shortened the onset of globe anesthesia, with no significant effect on globe akinesia.
Combined dynamic corneal biomechanics and corneal tomographic assessment in the diagnosis of keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus among Egyptian patients
Authors: Naguib Saleh A. , Barada Omar A. , El-Mayah Esraa , Elmekawey Hany E. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to detect single or multiple best-performing parameters of corneal tomography and dynamic corneal biomechanics with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus (SCKC), and forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC).

Design
This was a prospective observational study.

Patients and methods
In this study, one eye of each of 40 participants was included. They were divided into four groups: keratoconus, SCKC, FFKC, and a normal control group, with 10 participants in each group. All participants underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, analysis of corneal tomography using Pentacam HR and analysis of corneal biomechanical response using the Corvis ST at the initial visit and after 3 months.

Results
For the diagnosis of keratoconus, the 100% sensitive and specific parameters were Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD d), Ambrósio's relational thickness maximum (ARTmax), and tomographic biomechanical index (TBI) with cutoff values of 1.905, 344, and 0.785, respectively. For detection of SCKC, the 100% sensitive parameters were maximum keratometry and thickness profile index with cutoff values of 44.7 and 0.945, respectively. After 3 months of follow-up, maximum keratometry, index of surface variance, deflection amplitude, and deflection area showed 100% sensitivity with specificities of 90, 80, 70, and 60%, respectively. The highest percentage of change over time was for the index of highest decentration by 200%, followed by TBI by 133%. For FFKC, the deformation amplitude and corneal velocity 1 showed sensitivity of 90 and 80%, respectively, and specificity of 83 and 90%, respectively. After follow-up BAD d, deformation amplitude, deformation amplitude ratio, and TBI showed 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
This study illustrated the efficacy of Corvis parameters for the diagnosis of keratoconus, but with lower discriminative ability than corneal tomography. It could also be used as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of SCKC and FFKC patients.
Price Dispersion of Vitamin D Supplements Over Time
Authors: Chugh Preeta K. , Dabas Aashima 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency mandates prescribing an appropriate form of vitamin D that allows attainment of sufficiency in a cost-effective manner. We aimed to compare vitamin D products in Indian market in terms of composition and cost in 2020 with 2013 to understand price dispersion over 7 years.

Methods:
Constituents, formulations, and prices of ‘branded’ and generic vitamin D products were sourced from various drug information compendia and online sources. Price per defined daily dose (DDD), percentage cost variation, and change in prices over 7 years (2020 vs. 2013) was determined.

Results:
There has been a disproportionate increase in the number of brands and cost variation of cholecalciferol and calcitriol in the last 7 years. The percentage cost variation increased almost 10 times for calcitriol and 4.4 times for alfacalcidiol tablets and cholecalciferol granules. An analysis of >1,100 products in 2020 showed that the predominant form was calcitriol which was combined with calcium in >90% of the products with huge cost variation (>3000%). Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were available in 22 and 15 different strengths respectively. Median price/unit of cholecalciferol (60,000IU) was lower for tablets/capsules compared to other formulations; but with >1000% cost variation.

Conclusion:
A wide cost variation exists with the use of different vitamin D brands and preparations with conventional cholecalciferol tablets and capsules being a low-priced alternative. Quality control measures and strict enforcements of existing regulations are essential to ensure that competitive prices of branded generics are translated into availability and affordability for the population.
Comparison of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Indian Children (NFHS 4 Data) Using WHO 2006 Charts and 2019 Indian Synthetic Charts
Authors: Khadilkar Vaman , Ekbote Veena , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
There is a growing body of evidence against using World Health Organization (WHO) charts for developing nations. Our objectives were: 1) To compare nutritional status of <5-year-old Indian children using WHO charts and synthetic Indian charts (SC) 2019. 2) To study nutritional status across wealth index categories. 3) To study nutritional status of predominantly breast-fed infants <6 months of age using both charts.

Materials and Methods:
Data from 4th National Family Health Survey (n ~ 236117, 0--59-month-old children) were used for assessing nutritional status using the WHO charts and SC. Z?scores were calculated for length/height, weight, and weight-for-height(WAZ) using both charts. Children were classified into degrees of malnutrition using appropriate cutoffs. -59-month-old children) were used for assessing nutritional status using the WHO charts and SC. Z-scores were calculated for length/height, weight, and weight-for-height (WAZ) using both charts. Children were classified into degrees of malnutrition using appropriate cutoffs.

Results:
Stunting, wasting, and underweight were significantly higher using WHO charts. The prevalence of stunting (height for age) and wasting (WHZ) changed from high to medium and critical to poor when the reference changed from WHO to SC. All Z-scores showed an improving trend with increasing wealth index. On SC, almost all WHZ (wasting) from the richest to poorer were >-0.5 (clinically significant), whereas on WHO charts all wealth classes had WHZ <-0.5. For children under the age of 6 months, WHZ from richest to poorest was between -0.97 and -0.89 by WHO and 0.27 and 0.38 by SC.

Conclusions:
Use of Indian synthetic growth charts for growth monitoring of under-five children may be more appropriate; infants under 6 months and children from well off families performed well on these charts.