bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tradition, Sovereignty, and Conservation: The Controversy Surrounding the Wind River Indian Reservation Game Code
Authors: Hodge Adam R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In December 1983, a highly publicized slaughter of over fifty elk at Wind River Indian Reservation reignited a dispute between the reservation’s resident tribes—the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho nations—over wildlife management. In response to diminished big game populations, the Eastern Shoshone Tribe had passed hunting regulations in 1980, but the people of the Northern Arapaho Tribe refused to do so, effectively derailing any attempt to manage wildlife at Wind River. After the Bureau of Indian Affairs imposed a game code on the reservation in 1984, the Northern Arapaho Tribe initiated a legal battle that culminated in the 1987 case of Northern Arapahoe Tribe v. Hodel. The court ruled that because the treaty rights of the two tribes overlapped in the area of wildlife management and because research conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the request of both tribes had revealed a need for hunting regulations, the U.S. government had the power to impose the Wind River Reservation Game Code. Although the tribes jointly manage wildlife today and big game populations now thrive at Wind River, it is important to examine the controversy that involved conflicting visions of and concerns about cultural traditions, tribal sovereignty, and wildlife conservation principles and practices. Exploring how Eastern Shoshones and Northern Arapahos viewed those subjects differently and how their longstanding rivalry at Wind River shaped this conflict highlights some problems with the simplistic and romanticized concept of the “Ecological Indian.”
Acute toxoplasmosis mimicking metastatic lymphadenopathy of sarcoma
Authors: Koyama Masamichi , Terauchi Takashi , Koizumi Mitsuru , Maekawa Takashi , Ae Keisuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Clear cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with the potential to metastasize to lymph nodes. We report herein a case of acute toxoplasmosis that mimicked metastatic lymphadenopathy from treated clear cell sarcoma on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts. Acute acquired toxoplasmosis clinically manifests as lymphadenopathy predominantly involving the cervical nodes.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old woman underwent resection of subcutaneous clear cell sarcoma of the right knee. PET/CT performed four years after surgery revealed multiple sites of lymphadenopathy with avid FDG uptake in the right neck, left axilla, left pulmonary hilum, and right inguinal regions. The patient was afebrile and asymptomatic. Metastases were suspected and excisional biopsy of a left axillary node was performed.

Diagnoses:
Histopathological examination revealed reactive lymphadenitis, suggesting toxoplasmic infection without evidence of malignancy. Serum levels of toxoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies were high. Serum IgG antibodies were significantly elevated in six weeks from the PET/CT examination. The patient had a cat at home, which could have represented the source of infection.

Interventions:
The patient was carefully monitored using regular imaging examinations.

Outcomes:
FDG accumulations resolved spontaneously on follow-up examination one year later.

Conclusion:
We report a case in which toxoplasmic lymphadenitis mimicked malignant lymphadenopathy. Lymphadenopathy at a distant site from the primary malignancy with FDG avidity may be due to infectious or inflammatory conditions, creating false-positive results.
Hereditary Angioedema in Pregnancy
Authors: Chair Irene I. , Binkley Karen E. , Betschel Stephen D. 
Published: September 2021

Importance
Hereditary angioedema is a rare disease of potentially life-threatening attacks of angioedema that can affect patients of all ages, including women of childbearing age. Pregnancy can affect the course of the disease and the choice of treatment used. It is important for the care providers to recognize this disease and understand its mechanism in order to provide appropriate care for the patients.

Objective
The goal of this article is to provide an overview of hereditary angioedema and guideline for management of pregnant patients with hereditary angioedema.

Evidence Acquisition
A search of the available English language literature was performed on PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE using the key words hereditary angioedema and pregnancy. Additional articles were selected from the reference lists of the reviewed articles.

Results
The data for hereditary angioedema in pregnant patients come from observational studies, case reports, retrospective reviews, and questionnaires. The course of hereditary angioedema can be variable between different patients and pregnancies. Plasma-derived C1 inhibitor concentrate is both safe and effective as treatment for attacks and as preventive therapy in pregnancy. With proper recognition, understanding of the disease, and appropriate medical management, most patients will undergo successful pregnancy and delivery.

Conclusions and Relevance
Clinicians should maintain high suspicion for this disease when patients present with recurrent episodes of angioedema without urticaria or severe abdominal pains of unclear etiology. Treatment plans during pregnancy and delivery should be individualized, and the patient's care should be shared by a clinician experienced in the management of this disease.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the readers should be better able to identify the potential morbidity and mortality associated with hereditary angioedema; describe how hereditary angioedema can affect the care plan and outcome of pregnancy in affected patients, including labor and delivery; and explain what treatments are used in the management of hereditary angioedema during pregnancy.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multimedia Patient Education Tool for Stress Versus Urgency Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Schroeder Michelle , Plotner Elisabeth A. , Sharma Shefali , Hunter Krystal , Spector Sean , Lipetskaia Lioudmila 
Published: September 2021

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021;27:403–408)
Using different modalities for patient education can improve patients' understanding of their disease and treatment plans. Multimedia-based patient counseling—which includes images, voice, and animation—may be one alternative to traditional, conversation-based patient counseling of complex medical information.
Continued Versus Discontinued Oxytocin Stimulation in the Active Phase of Labour (CONDISOX): Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Boie Sidsel , Glavind Julie , Uldbjerg Niels , Steer Philip J. , Bor Pinar ,   on behalf of the CONDISOX Trial Group
Published: September 2021

(Abstracted from BMJ 2021;372:n716)
Oxytocin stimulation is often used to induce labor. According to 4 meta-analyses, discontinuing oxytocin stimulation once active labor has begun may have some benefits, including reducing the rate of cesarean delivery.
Expansion of 5’ UTR CGG repeat in RILPL1 is associated with oculopharyngodistal myopathy
Authors: Yang Xinzhuang , Zhang Dingding , Li Pidong , Niu Jingwen , Xu Dan , Guo Xueyu , Wang Zhen , Zhao Yanhuan , Ren Haitao , Ling Chao , Wang Yang , Shen Jianxiong , Zhu Yicheng , Wang Depeng , Cui Liying , Chen Lin , Dai Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOculopharyngodistal myopathy is an adult-onset degenerative muscle disorder characterized by ptosis, ophthalmoplegia and weakness of the facial, pharyngeal and limb muscles. Trinucleotide repeat expansions in non-coding regions of LRP12, G1PC1and NOTCH2NLC were recently reported to be the etiologies for OPDM. However, a significant portion of OPDM patients still have unknown genetic causes. In this study, we performed long-read whole-genome sequencing in a large five-generation family of 156 individuals, including 22 patients diagnosed with typical OPDM and identified CGG repeat expansions in RILPL1 gene in all patients we tested while not in unaffected family members. Methylation analysis indicated that methylation levels of the RILPL1 gene were unaltered in OPDM patients, which was in consistent with previous reports. Our findings first provided evidences that RILPL1 were associated OPDM which we suggested as OPDM type 4.
Implementation, interrupted: Identifying and leveraging factors that sustain after a program interruption
Authors: Hennein Rachel , Ggita Joseph , Ssuna Bashir , Shelley Donna , Akiteng Ann R. , Davis J. Lucian , Katamba Achilles , Armstrong-Hough Mari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany implementation efforts experience interruptions, especially in settings with developing health systems. Approaches for evaluating interruptions are needed to inform targeted re-implementation strategies.MethodsThis study took place in two public health centers with tuberculosis (TB) units in Uganda that previously implemented diabetes mellitus (DM) screening in 2017. In 2019, we conducted interviews with clinic staff to determine current DM practices. We mapped themes identified in the interviews to a Social Ecological Model with three levels: outer setting, inner setting, and individuals.ResultsWe conducted nine interviews with clinic staff. Respondents explained that DM screening ceased due to disruptions in the supply chain for glucose test strips. This outer setting interruption had cascading effects on the inner setting and individuals. The lack of screening supplies limited the staff’s opportunities to perform DM screening within the inner setting level, which was associated with diminished self-efficacy within the individual level. However, culture, compatibility and individual beliefs about DM screening sustained throughout the interruption.ConclusionsWe identified factors that diminished and sustained within and between ecological levels during a program interruption. Using this approach, other programs facing interruptions can identify factors and cascading effects of the interruption to target them for re-implementation.
AnFiSA: An open-source computational platform for the analysis of sequencing data for rare genetic disease
Authors: Bouzinier M.A. , Etin D. , Trifonov S.I. , Evdokimova V.N. , Ulitin V. , Shen J. , Kokorev A. , Ghazani A. A. , Chekaluk Y. , Albertyn Z. , Giersch A. , Morton C.C. , Abraamyan F. , Bendapudi P.K. , Sunyaev S. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network,   Brigham Genomic Medicine,   SEQuencing a Baby for an Optimal Outcome, Quantori, Krier J.B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite genomic sequencing rapidly transforming from being a bench-side tool to a routine procedure in a hospital, there is a noticeable lack of genomic analysis software that supports both clinical and research workflows as well as crowdsourcing. Furthermore, most existing software packages are not forward-compatible in regards to supporting ever-changing diagnostic rules adopted by the genetics community. Regular updates of genomics databases pose challenges for reproducible and traceable automated genetic diagnostics tools. Lastly, most of the software tools score low on explainability amongst clinicians.We have created a fully open-source variant curation tool, AnFiSA, with the intention to invite and accept contributions from clinicians, researchers and professional software developers. The design of AnFiSA addresses the aforementioned issues via the following architectural principles: using a multidimensional database management system (DBMS) for genomic data to address reproducibility, curated decision trees adaptable to changing clinical rules, and a crowdsourcing-friendly interface to address difficult-to-diagnose cases. We discuss how we have chosen our technology stack and describe the design and implementation of the software. Finally, we show in detail how selected workflows can be implemented using the current version of AnFiSA by a medical geneticist.All software is available at https://github.com/ForomePlatform under the Apache 2.0 license.The public demo instance with the public data sets can be accessed via https://github.com/ForomePlatform/AnFiSA#public-demo
Usual Source of Primary Care and Preventive Care Measures in a Pandemic: A Nationwide Study in Japan
Authors: Aoki Takuya , Fujinuma Yasuki , Matsushima Masato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn a pandemic when there are many barriers to providing preventive care by health care workers, it is unclear whether primary care contributes to the quality of preventive care and what type of preventive care delivery is a challenge for primary care providers. This study aimed to assess multiple preventive care measures and to examine their associations with having a usual source of primary care and primary care performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study.SettingJapanese general adult population.Participants1,757 adult residents.Primary outcome measuresFourteen preventive care measures aggregated the overall, screening, immunization, and counseling composites.ResultsDepression screening, zoster vaccination, and tetanus vaccination had low implementation rates even among participants with a usual source of primary care. After adjustment for possible confounders, having a usual source of primary care was positively associated with all preventive care composites. Primary care performance assessed by the Japanese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form was also dose-dependently associated with an increase in all composites. Results of the sensitivity analyses using a different calculation of preventive care composite were similar to those of the primary analyses.ConclusionsReceipt of primary care, particularly high-quality primary care, contributed to increased preventive care utilization even during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rate of mental health screening in primary care was at a very low level. Therefore, addressing mental health issues should be a major challenge for primary care providers during and after the pandemic.
Evaluation of Correlation between CD44, Radiotherapy Response and Survival Rate in Patients with Advanced Stage of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Dubey Parul , Gupta Rajeev , Mishra Anupam , Kumar Vijay , Bhadauria Smrati , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeCancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a distinctive subpopulation of cancer cells that are competent in tumor initiation, invasion, recurrence, and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. CD44, a hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor has been considered as a potential CSC marker in head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CD44 and clinicopathological parameters, treatment response, survival, and recurrence.MethodsCD44 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 90 samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) confirmed patients. Expression of CD44 and its association with clinicopathological parameters, treatment response, and survival was determined.ResultsIn all HNSCC patient samples, CD44 was expressed consistently at different intensities. Tumor size (p<0.001), stage (p<0.001) and treatment response (p<0.001) showed statistically significant association with CD44 expression. Alcohol and CD44 were observed as independent predictors of response to radiotherapy by using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis. Analysis of 2 years overall survival (OS) showed that CD44 expression (p=0.02), tumor size (p=0.001), lymph node status (p<0.001), stage (p<0.001) and grade (p=0.007) were significantly associated with OS. By using Cox regression analysis, lymph node status (p=0.001), grade (p<0.001), recurrence (p<0.001) and CD44 expression (p=0.003) were found to be potential independent predictors of OS.ConclusionOur findings suggest that CD44 contributes to resistance to radiotherapy and poor OS. The results also suggest that except for CD44 there could be other factors such as lymph node metastasis, grade, and alcohol which should be investigated as potential targets for therapy.
Pre-referral rectal artesunate and referral completion among children with suspected severe malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Uganda
Authors: Brunner Nina C. , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Awor Phyllis , Okitawutshu Jean , Tshefu Antoinette , Signorell Aita , Akano Babatunde , Ayodeji Kazeem , Okon Charles , Yusuf Ocheche , Athieno Proscovia , Kimera Joseph , Tumukunde Gloria , Angiro Irene , Kalenga Jean-Claude , Delvento Giulia , Lee Tristan T. , Lambiris Mark , Ross Amanda , Cereghetti Nadja , Visser Theodoor , Napier Harriet G. , Buj Valentina , Burri Christian , Lengeler Christian , Hetzel Manuel W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren who receive pre-referral rectal artesunate (RAS) require urgent referral to a health facility where appropriate treatment for severe malaria can be provided. However, the rapid improvement of a child’s condition after RAS administration may influence a caregiver’s decision to follow this recommendation. Currently, the evidence on the effect of RAS on referral completion is limited. In this study, we investigated the relationship between RAS implementation and administration and referral completion.Methods and FindingsAn observational study accompanied the roll-out of RAS in three malaria endemic settings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Uganda. Community health workers and primary health centres enrolled children under five years with suspected severe malaria before and after the roll-out of RAS. All children were followed up 28 days after enrolment to assess their treatment seeking pathways, treatments received, and their health outcome. In total, 8,365 children were enrolled, 77% of whom fulfilled all inclusion criteria and had a known referral completion status. Referral completion was 67% (1,408/2,104) in DRC, 48% (287/600) in Nigeria and 58% (2,170/3,745) in Uganda. In DRC and Uganda, RAS users were less likely to complete referral than RAS non-users in the pre-roll-out phase (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.48, 95% CI 0.30–0.77 and aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.88, respectively). Among children seeking care from a primary health centre in Nigeria, RAS users were less likely to complete referral compared to RAS non-users in the post-roll-out phase (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.71). In Uganda, among children who completed referral, RAS users were significantly more likely to complete referral on time than RAS non-users enrolled in the pre-roll-out phase (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.17–2.79).ConclusionsThe findings of this study raise legitimate concerns that the roll-out of RAS may lead to lower referral completion in children who were administered pre-referral RAS. To ensure that community-based programmes are effectively implemented, barriers to referral completion need to be addressed at all levels. Alternative effective treatment options should be provided to children unable to complete referral.
CovRNN—A recurrent neural network model for predicting outcomes of COVID-19 patients: model development and validation using EHR data
Authors: Rasmy Laila , Nigo Masayuki , Kannadath Bijun Sai , Xie Ziqian , Mao Bingyu , Patel Khush , Zhou Yujia , Zhang Wanheng , Ross Angela , Xu Hua , Zhi Degui 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicting outcomes of COVID-19 patients at an early stage is critical for optimized clinical care and resource management, especially during a pandemic. Although multiple machine learning models have been proposed to address this issue, based on the need for extensive data pre-processing and feature engineering, these models have not been validated or implemented outside of the original study site.MethodsIn this study, we propose CovRNN, recurrent neural network (RNN)-based models to predict COVID-19 patients’ outcomes, using their available electronic health record (EHR) data on admission, without the need for specific feature selection or missing data imputation. CovRNN is designed to predict three outcomes: in-hospital mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and long length of stay (LOS >7 days). Predictions are made for time-to-event risk scores (survival prediction) and all-time risk scores (binary prediction). Our models were trained and validated using heterogeneous and de-identified data of 247,960 COVID-19 patients from 87 healthcare systems, derived from the Cerner® Real-World Dataset (CRWD). External validation was performed using three test sets (approximately 53,000 patients). Further, the transferability of CovRNN was validated using 36,140 de-identified patients’ data derived from the Optum® de-identified COVID-19 Electronic Health Record v. 1015 dataset (2007–2020).FindingsCovRNN shows higher performance than do traditional models. It achieved an area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUROC) of 93% for mortality and mechanical ventilation predictions on the CRWD test set (vs. 91·5% and 90% for light gradient boost machine (LGBM) and logistic regression (LR), respectively) and 86.5% for prediction of LOS > 7 days (vs. 81·7% and 80% for LGBM and LR, respectively). For survival prediction, CovRNN achieved a C-index of 86% for mortality and 92·6% for mechanical ventilation. External validation confirmed AUROCs in similar ranges.InterpretationTrained on a large heterogeneous real-world dataset, our CovRNN model showed high prediction accuracy, good calibration, and transferability through consistently good performance on multiple external datasets. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a COVID-19 predictive model that delivers high accuracy without the need for complex feature engineering.