bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Grid Surveillance and Control Based on Wireless Sensor Network Technologies: Review and Future Directions
Authors: Abdulwahid Ali Hadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the concept of the smart grid and the emerging challenges of wireless communication technology for use on the smart grid (SG)is reviewed. One modern-day technology of great significance is wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which has the potential to ensure the smooth operation of smart grid management and increase its energy efficiency, reliability and cost-effectiveness. The advanced electric power grid infrastructure known as smart grid takes advantage of automated control and cutting-edge communication strategies to achieve greater efficiency, reliability and safety, whilst seamlessly combining renewable and alternative sources of energy. Unlike conventional communication technologies, WSNs are more beneficial to modern electric power systems because they are affordable and operate on a cooperative basis. For this reason, WSNs are considered to have good potential for improving the way electric power is produced, distributed and used. Therefore, they are a key element of the smart grid. Nevertheless, the implementation of WSNs in smart grid settings may be inadequately reliable due to the complexity and unfavourable aspects of electric power system environments. The purpose of the current work is to review WSN uses in electric power systems and the opportunities and difficulties offered by this technology, as well as to delineate possible facets of smart grid applications and wireless technologies that future research could explore. Therefore, this work is significant.
The Role of Contemporary Requirements in Shaping Iraqi Buildings Identity, (1960-1980)
Authors: Adnan Haidar , Fadhil Anwar , Jawad Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The era spirit is witnessing continuous intellectual transformations in the international architectural field, influenced by the contemporary requirements. Various design trends have emerged about dealing with these contemporaries. Some designers focused on presentation importance of Iraqi contemporary identity, while others try to employ it in other directions that are not consistent with the local character. The research problem is knowledge lack in clarifying the role of contemporary requirements in shaping the identity of Iraqi buildings for the period (1960-1980) and how to employ the architectural act of its designers. The aim to determine how the architect responds to these contemporary requirements through the architectural act that distinguishes each designer from others. The theoretical framework is embodied by establishing Dealing Levels with local identity and reading it in a specific time and place within the levels of Explanation, Interpretation, and Disassembly, which were linked to the concept of an integrated response in achieving it through three strategies of revival, renewal, and reform. Then the elements are applied to a sample of the most prominent Iraqi architects in the period above to obtain results and conclusions, which emerged in achieving an integrated response case in dealing with contemporary requirements.
Evaluation of acid leaching process and calcination temperature on the silica extraction efficiency from the sustainable sources
Authors: Ajeel Sami Abualnoun , Sukkar Khalid A. , Zedin Naser Korde 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, amorphous silica (SiO2) is prepared from agricultural waste (rice husks) as a sustainable source by acid leaching process followed with the calcination process. RH treated with 3N HCl, then burned at (500, 600, 700, and 800°C) for 4 hrs. The final product of silica was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results by XRD and XRF indicate that the obtained white powder was amorphous silica at calcination temperature less than 700°C with a purity of 96.976% but at 800°C the purity was 96.983%. SEM and visual inspection analyses show that RHA morphologies with acid pre-treatment at 700°C and 800°C surfaces of un-leached rice husk have a greater degree of roughness than those that have been leached with dilute acids.
Thermal Performance Optimization for Residential Buildings in Basra City
Authors: Ibrahim F A , Abdulwahid S M , Abdulrahman R S , Mosa M A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates many parameters in the design of a residential building consisted of 6 floors with a construction area 240m2located in Basra city. This study aims to reduce electric energy consumption utilized for cooling and heating of the building. The parameters which studied included: the effect of building façade, the exterior color of the external walls, the glazing distribution and the shape of the building. eQuest energy simulation program is used to simulate the annual building energy consumption, the program uses the hourly annual collected weather data. The results show that orientation the building façade toward the north direction is the best in the design of the building. The saving in annual electric energy consumption is about 11%. Moreover, the external color of the building has a strong effect on building cooling and heating energy consumption. By utilizing white exterior wall color, the annual electric energy consumption reduced by about 12%. The results also showed that by utilizing proper glazing distribution the electric energy consumption could be reduced by 3%. When all enhancements were combined an optimum building case were found. For the optimum case, the annual electric energy consumption was reduced by 35% compared to the base building case.
CFD analysis of the classroom thermal conditions built from the sandwich panel
Authors: Laubi R N , Abbood N K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the daily source energy radiation on hot summer zone like Iraq, lecture room built from sandwich wall panel (SWP) is analysed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. An air conditioning unit is operated inside a lecture room. The two targets of this study were to realize the influence of air condition location - Four cases for lecture room utilized with the same dimensions at a different position for the air conditioner unit. A thermal condition of the lecture room was optimized with ANSYS FLUENT. Numerical analyses have shown that there is a relationship between the position of air-conditioner and the distribution of convection currents in the room. However, the mass-weighted average temperature in the room almost looks like they are identical in all the cases, but differences in static temperature are observed at the different zone for the same case w.r.t the position of the air-conditioner.
Energy and exergy study of Shatt Al-Basra gas turbine power plant
Authors: Faisal S H , Naeem N K , Jassim A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Energy and exergy analyses have been carried out on General Electric (GE) gas turbine unit in Shatt Al-Basra power plant located in Basra-Iraq. The analysis is based on both full-load and part-load actual operating data during the year 2017. An obvious drop off for plant performance characteristics is observed during the hot season. Energy and exergy analyses show that maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies were in February. Minimum exergy destruction in the unit is predicted in March. Improvement of the unit performance is recommended by installing intake air cooling as well as utilizing the discharged heat power that contains considerable work potential.
Theoretical study the effect of dispersion of nanoparticles on thermo-physical characteristics of PCM with micro-channel heat sink
Authors: Hasan Mushtaq I , Saber Dhuha R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermal performance of micro-channel heat sink (MHS) with different cooling mediums has been investigated numerically using 3D model of conjugated heat transfer. Four types of coolants have been used in this study starting with air as a baseline to compare its thermal performance with pure phase change material (PCM) which was paraffin wax and nanoparticles-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) which were (Silicon carbide (Sic)-PCM and Diamond-PCM) with volume fraction values of (1, 3, and 5%). On the heat sink base, a constant and uniform heat flux of (8000, 10000, 12000, and 14000W.m−2) is applied. Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of nanoparticle material and concentrations of nanoparticles on cooling performance of heat sink. The findings elucidated the cooling performance of MHS is enhanced with PCM compared with air and suspension nanoparticles lead to improve the thermal conductivity of (NEPCM) comparing with pure PCM, that causing expedite the melting process and enhancement of cooling performance. Also, as the concentration of nanoparticles increased, the heat transfer rate for (NEPCM) enhanced and decreasing the time of the melting process.
XFEM analysis of concrete arch dam to assess deformations and propagation of artificial crack due to the combination of earthquake and uplift pressure
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Noori , Alfatlawi Thair Jabbar Mizhir , Kadhim Muhammad Jawad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is further generalized to study the crack propagation in the concrete arch dam. Static and dynamic analysis performed on scaled-down prototype plane concrete arch dam to assess the deformation occurs due to water pressure and moderate earthquake magnitude of 5.8M. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that XFEM allows the entire crack to represented independently of the mesh, and so re-meshing is not necessary to model crack growth. The study has also shown that emergence of new cracks in different locations on the dam’s body.
Study The Behavior of Pile Group Under Torsional and Horizontal Load
Authors: Hasan Abdulameer Qasim , Qasim Rafi M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many structures are subjected to torsional and horizontal loads in addition to vertical load lead that the foundation of these structures may be collapsed. The proposed model for pile groups consists of an elastic beam-column that represents the pile, rigid cap and nonlinear spring to simulate the soil. In the horizontal direction, the p-y curve method is used to calculate the subgrade reaction of soil while the τ-0 curve method and the load transfer method are used in the vertical direction. The effect of pile group and load coupling is considered by the p multiplier method in the pile head. A parametric study is carried out under the combined action for horizontal and torsional loads. The study shows that unequal shear force distribution in the head of piles is very significant. The axial force variation in each pile with different length is obtained. The study is very important to take into account the design pile group under combined loads.
A Study the Effect of porosity of Bio-Active Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Coated by Electrophoretic Deposition on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Substrate
Authors: Abbass Muna Khethier , Khadhim Mohammed Jasim , Jasim Ayad Naseef , Issa Muhammad Jawad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bone implant materials which are composed of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy are usually utilized as a result of its bio-compatibility and corrosion resistance. This alloy isn’t bio-active, and that results in making it easy to release the cation Al and V when implanted into the human body. Therefore, this study aims to focus on the effect of different current direct current (DC)and alternating current (AC) on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) variables (voltage, time and concentration) of the Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder upon the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate. EPD process was depended on the coating thickness and surface roughness, and then characterizations of the coating layer were performed. The suspensions zeta potential was measured to recognize charge upon the particles and their stability. The coating thickness was measured at different EPD variables. The cross-section of coating thickness and the morphology of surface were investigated employing optical and SEM microscopes. The density of coating porosity was computed from the micrograph images. Results manifested that the samples having the same thickness possess a higher grain density if coated utilizing (AC) EPD in comparison to (DC) electrophoretic deposition. The contact angles values of coatings have been changed from hydrophobic in the case uncoated Ti6Al4V 67.489°C to the hydrophilic by using (DC) current 35.914°C and 38.13 ° C by using(AC).
Optimization of blending operation for the Iraqi oils
Authors: Naji Fatimah A , Ateeq Adnan A. , Al-Mayyah Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research was carried out to optimize the blending process for Iraqi oil. Physical and chemical properties of three different Iraqi crude oils were obtained through analytical analysis of oil samples. A unique petroleum assay for each crude oil was used to identify the various boiling point, density, viscosity and sulphur content of fractions that we can obtain through the atmospheric distillation of crude. Petroleum assays were manually imported to Aspen HYSYS to simulate the behaviour for each crude oil. A trial of more than 60 different blending scenarios was simulated and blends’ results were tested for API gravity and sulphur content variation. Aspen HYSYS was also used to simulate shortcut distillation for each blend and the possible API gravity and sulphur content of distillation fractions.
Removal of manganese (Mn+2) from aqueous solution by low-cost adsorbents and study the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics
Authors: Altameemi Ihab A , Thuraya M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research a simple method was used to treat water contaminated by heavy elements containing ions using chicken eggshell powder and to study its adsorption capacity in many laboratory conditions in terms of (time, acidity, heavy metal concentration, weight of the adsorbent material, and temperature) and the diagnosis of the adsorbed substance using Devices for identifying the effective groups on the adsorbent surface used IR ray and its ability to removal the manganese ion as well as studying the thermodynamic adsorption for it ( ΔH, ΔG, ΔS ), And through studying the thermodynamic adsorption process, it is possibility to know the type of exothermic or endothermic, automatic or non-automatic and random or regular, through the data can be controlled by the efficiency and speed of adsorption, The kinetics of the reaction were also studied, the interaction constant was calculated, and the degree of interaction was determined from the first or second order. The best adsorption operators that were used laboratory (time =60 min, pH = 6, Ce = 100 ppm, wight = 0.5 g, temperate =25 C°), IR spectroscopy appear Functional groups (S-H, C-O, O-H, C=C, C=O, N-H, C-N and O=C-O-salt Ca) was (2515.18, 1259.52, 3300 broad, 1635.64, 1799.59, 3300.20, 1419.61 and two strong bond (1600 – 1400)) respectively.
Adaptive reuse in neglected industrial buildings (Industrial buildings in the Iraqi Ministry of Oil)
Authors: Adnan Haidar , Saadoon Abdullah , Salim Enas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The economy restructuring results industries transformation from one area to another in part or whole, and this phenomenon has left huge numbers of abandoned constructions and sites. In Iraqi oil projects, due to the lack of land in vital industrial areas and a large number of neglected buildings (after no longer needed), the shortage of buildings has been a trouble for several years. Adaptive reuse of industrial buildings may solve this problem. However, it is not a mere procedure because some determinants affect it. Therefore, the research problem was represented by "lack of comprehensive knowledge of the adaptive reuse determinants in neglected industrial buildings," and the research aimed to present its determinants and determine its precedence in terms of use in industrial buildings.
Study on optimization design and wear prediction of TBM cutter based on Standard Ga Algorithm
Authors: Xin Liu , Shaowei Wang , Yu Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In tunnel construction, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) emerged in the 1930s has found wide application in tunnel construction due to its high construction efficiency, economy and environmental protection, etc. [1]. For TBM, the cutterhead is a key component and the most vulnerable component [2], and therefore the study on the cutterhead damage enjoys great significance. In the working process of TBM, wear and tear will cause structural failure of the cutterhead, then affect the normal operation of the TBM, and even cause problems such as production shutdown. On this basis, the optimization design of the cutterhead structure and the prediction of the cutterhead wear performance were investigated, thus providing reference for expanding the application of TBM.
Experimental Research on the Compressive Performance of Raw Bamboo Materials along the Grain
Authors: Pengcheng Liu , Qishi Zhou , Hai Zhang , Jiefu Tian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper carried out a compression test along the grain of the raw bamboo material, analyzed the failure process and failure form of the specimen, studied the relationship between the compression strength along the grain and the elastic modulus and the density, and initially explored the raw bamboo based on the reliability analysis Design value of compressive strength along the grain of the material. The research results show that the compressive load-displacement curve of bamboo along the grain can be divided into elastic, elastoplastic and descending segments, and the specimens show obvious ductile failure characteristics; the compressive strength and elastic modulus along the grain are positively correlated with the density; raw bamboo The standard value of compressive strength along the grain of the material is 48.83MPa, and the design value is 8.71MPa.
Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Laboratory Management in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Li Hang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
University laboratories are responsible for providing professional venues for practical teaching and scientific research, and the quality of their management can directly affect the quality of research and research work in universities. At present, there are some problems in the laboratory management of colleges and universities in China, such as imperfect laboratory management system, imperfect laboratory personnel allocation and management, incomplete laboratory infrastructure construction, and incomplete laboratory safety management. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward five aspects of university laboratory management countermeasures.
Ultrasonic-assisted 3D bioprinting a composite of alginate and particles/cells
Authors: Shao M H , Cui B , Zheng T F , Wang C H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extrusion-based printing technology has a promising development in the field of tissue engineering scaffold. Researchers package cells/particles in biomaterials and then extrude them through a nozzle and solidify to get a scaffold. This method can achieve uniform distribution of cells/particles in biomaterials or the addition of particles in biomaterials to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Sodium alginate is a kind of polysaccharide biomaterial which has a wide range of applications in the field of bioprinting. However, the diameter of the nozzle determines the accuracy of the cells/particles position in the alginate scaffold. A method of ultrasonic-assisted 3D bioprinting a composite of alginate and particles is proposed. The acoustic pressure can concentrate cells/particles to the center of the nozzle, which can achieve a more precise positioning than the diameter of the nozzle, and facilitate the purpose of depositing specific cells/particles to the determined location of the biomaterial.
Finite element analysis of a precision machine tool spindle 40GrMo turning process based on DEFORM
Authors: Liu Hai-juan , PingLi  , Xue Ke-min , Wang Sheng-bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Turning as a common forming method of parts, its typical processing characteristics are: in the process of turning there is a lot of turning heat, turning temperature concentration, stress concentration, etc, these phenomena in addition to affecting the tool life, but also to a large extent affect the quality of turning. In this paper, the temperature and stress concentration phenomenon in the turning process of 40GrMo is studied by using orthogonal parameters in combination with experiment and simulation, and the influence rule and correlation are analyzed. In order to improve the surface quality and tool life after machining, the combination of cutting parameters of the above two processes is optimized.
Application of planar curve offset compensation in path modification
Authors: Ma Huliang , Wang Yanqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Offset compensation is an indispensable functional module in the current CNC system. But offset compensation is not only used to improve machining accuracy, but also can be used to modify path. This paper first discusses the origin of the curve offset in the CNC system, and points out that the essence of the offset curve is a method of path modification. Then the general formula for offset compensation of plane curve is obtained through normalization. Then the classification of offset compensation is explained. Finally, line segments, arcs and B-spline curves are taken as examples to verify the feasibility and practicability of the offset compensation method applied to path processing. The offset compensation method is a flexible and effective path modification method.
Least squares support vector machine method for load identification of nonlinear system
Authors: Zhou Pan , Xin Jianghui , Shang Weiyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to eliminate the dependence of load identification problem on the prior knowledge of current mechanical system, least squares support vector machine was applied to identify the inverse model of nonlinear system, and then based on this inverse model operational responses were adopted to determine real time excitation force. A nonlinear system was applied to conduct the simulation and calculate the steady and unsteady input force in this paper to verify the validity of the proposed method. Simulation results reveal that least squares support vector machine is able to identify reliable inverse model of nonlinear system and then reconstruct accurate real time excitation force. According to the present approach, a small quantity of training samples is needed rather than complete knowledge of the mathematical model and parameters of nonlinear system, so this approach can be extended to engineering application.
Overview of injection molding process optimization technology
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Qiu Zhiwen , Huang Yizhi , Huang Wenhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Injection molding process parameters have a very important influence on the molding quality of plastic parts. In this paper, the application of injection molding parameter optimization technology in the study of injection molding process is reviewed. The basic principles and characteristics of various optimization techniques are described. Optimization techniques mainly include: Optimization based on Taguchi method, Optimization of numerical simulation based on CAE technology, Optimization based on genetic algorithm, Optimization based on artificial neural network. The application types of optimization problems applicable to various optimization techniques are discussed.