bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting to the root of the problem: the international and domestic politics of junk food industry regulation in Latin America
Authors: Gómez Eduardo J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In response to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Latin America, governments have introduced impressive prevention programmes However, the purpose of this article is to better explain why several governments have yet to address arguably the ‘root of the problem’: i.e. implementing effective regulatory policies restricting the food industries’ ability to market and sale their products. Introducing a political science analytical framework merging international relations and domestic politics theory, this article claims that most governments have failed to achieve this process because of their reluctance to transfer their beliefs in human rights to health from the area of NCD prevention to regulation, thus achieving what the author refer to as ‘normative transferability’. The research design for this study entailed a documentary analysis of 44 qualitative primary and secondary documentary data sources (combined), i.e. articles, books, policy reports and the usage of these data sources for a comparative case study analysis of Chile, Brazil and Mexico. These qualitative data sources were also used to illustrate the potential efficacy of the author’s proposed analytical framework, developed from the political science and public policy literature. Quantitative epidemiological data from the World Health Organization global health observatory were used to provide a contextual backdrop of the obesity and diabetes situation in these countries. Comparing these three countries, Chile was the only one capable of achieving ‘normative transferability’ due to a strong linkage between activists, supportive institutions and policy advocates within government viewing regulatory policy as a human right to protection from aggressive industry marketing and sales tactics. To better understand differences between nations in achieving normative transferability processes and effective NCD regulatory policy outcomes, political scientists and public health scholars should work together to develop alternative analytical frameworks in the commercial determinants of health.
The effects of bottom temperature and fishing on the structure and composition of an exploited demersal fish assemblage in West Greenland
Authors: Lekanda Aitor , Tolimieri Nick , Nogueira Adriana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of marine fishes have been changing over the last decades due to climate change and overfishing. We evaluated the status of an important exploited marine ecosystem for one of the largest fisheries in Greenland, Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, in the offshore slopes of West Greenland. We examined how five ecological indicators changed from 1997 to 2019 under the effect of climate and commercial fishery. The oscillatory tendency of the bottom temperature modified the structure and composition of the demersal fish community. In the shallower zone, the warming bottom temperature favoured high trophic level and warmer water species, and subsequently, an increase in halibut biomass, which reduced the biodiversity. In the middle depth zone, the high biomass of halibut masked increases of less common higher trophic level species. In the deep zone, the drastic reduction of halibut biomass coincided with an increase of high trophic level and colder-water species. Despite the increasing exploitation, especially the mid depth zone, the current fishery did not induce changes to community structure. With the present study, we demonstrate the value of using ecological indicators and estimating spatio-temporal trends to provide a further understanding of the ecosystem status.
A summary of current NKG2D-based CAR clinical trials
Authors: Curio Sophie , Jonsson Gustav , Marinović Sonja 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Cancer immunotherapies have significantly improved patient survival and treatment options in recent years. Nonetheless, the success of immunotherapy is limited to certain cancer types and specific subgroups of patients, making the development of new therapeutic approaches a topic of ongoing research. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells are engineered immune cells that are programmed to specifically eliminate cancer cells. Ideally, a CAR recognizes antigens that are restricted to tumor cells to avoid off-target effects. NKG2D is an activating immunoreceptor and an important player in anti-tumor immunity due to its ability to recognize tumor cells and initiate an anti-tumor immune response. Ligands for NKG2D are expressed on malignant or stressed cells and typically absent from healthy tissue, making it a promising CAR candidate. Here, we provide a summary of past and ongoing NKG2D-based CAR clinical trials and comment on potential pitfalls.
Performance of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, TAT Complex, and Factor VIII in Addition to D-Dimer in the Exclusion of Venous Thromboembolism in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Heerink Jorn S , Gemen Eugenie , Oudega Ruud , Geersing Geert-Jan , Hopstaken Rogier , Kusters Ron 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
In primary care, D-dimer—combined with a clinical assessment—is recommended for ruling-out venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, D-dimer testing frequently yields false-positive results, notably in the elderly, and the search for novel biomarkers thus continues. We assessed the added diagnostic value of 4 promising laboratory tests.

Methods
Plasma samples from 256 primary care patients suspected of VTE were collected. We explored added value (beyond D-dimer) of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), thrombin–antithrombin III complex (TAT-c), and factor VIII (FVIII). Diagnostic performance of these biomarkers was assessed univariably and by estimating their area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Added diagnostic potential beyond D-dimer testing was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Plasma samples of 237 VTE-suspected patients were available for analysis—36 patients (25%) confirmed deep vein thrombosis, 11 patients (12%) pulmonary embolism. Apart from D-dimer, only CRP, and FVIII levels appeared to be higher in patients with VTE compared to patients without VTE. The AUCs for these 3 markers were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69–0.84) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68–0.83), respectively, whereas the AUC for D-dimer was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86–0.94). Combining these biomarkers in a multivariable logistic model with D-dimer did not improve these AUCs meaningfully.

Conclusions
In our dataset, we were unable to demonstrate any added diagnostic performance beyond D-dimer testing of novel biomarkers in patients suspected of VTE in primary care. As such, D-dimer testing appears to remain the best choice in the exclusion of clinically suspected VTE in this setting.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Register NL5974. (METC protocol number: 16-356/M; NL56475.041.16.)
Use of 816 Consecutive Burn Wound Biopsies to Inform a Histologic Algorithm for Burn Depth Categorization
Authors: Phelan Herb A , Holmes IV James H , Hickerson William L , Cockerell Clay J , Shupp Jeffrey W , Carter Jeffrey E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Burn experts are only 77% accurate when subjectively assessing burn depth, leaving almost a quarter of patients to undergo unnecessary surgery or conversely suffer a delay in treatment. To aid clinicians in burn depth assessment (BDA), new technologies are being studied with machine learning algorithms calibrated to histologic standards. Our group has iteratively created a theoretical burn biopsy algorithm (BBA) based on histologic analysis, and subsequently informed it with the largest burn wound biopsy repository in the literature. Here, we sought to report that process. This was an IRB-approved, prospective, multicenter study. A BBA was created a priori and refined in an iterative manner. Patients with burn wounds assessed by burn experts as requiring excision and autograft underwent 4 mm biopsies procured every 25 cm2. Serial still photos were obtained at enrollment and at excision intraoperatively. Burn biopsies were histologically assessed for presence/absence of epidermis, papillary dermis, reticular dermis, and proportion of necrotic adnexal structures by a dermatopathologist using H&E with whole slide scanning. First degree and superficial second degree were considered to be burn wounds likely to have healed without surgery, while deep second- and third-degree burns were considered unlikely to heal by 21 days. Biopsy pathology results were correlated with still photos by five burn experts for consensus of final burn depth diagnosis. Sixty-six subjects were enrolled with 117 wounds and 816 biopsies. The BBA was used to categorize subjects’ wounds into four categories: 7% of burns were categorized as first degree, 13% as superficial second degree, 43% as deep second degree, and 37% as third degree. Therefore, 20% of burn wounds were incorrectly judged as needing excision and grafting by the clinical team as per the BBA. As H&E is unable to assess the viability of papillary and reticular dermis, with time our team came to appreciate the greater importance of adnexal structure necrosis over dermal appearance in assessing healing potential. Our study demonstrates that a BBA with objective histologic criteria can be used to categorize BDA with clinical misclassification rates consistent with past literature. This study serves as the largest analysis of burn biopsies by modern day burn experts and the first to define histologic parameters for BDA.
From Mix-and-Match to Head-to-Toe: How Brand Combinations Affect Observer Trust
Authors: Engeler Isabelle , Barasz Kate 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Consumers use brands in many combinations, from mixing-and-matching multiple brands (e.g., Nike shoes, Puma shirt, and Asics shorts) to using products primarily or solely from one brand (e.g., Nike shoes, shirt, and shorts). This work explores how such combinations affect observers’ trust in another consumer’s recommendations. Comparing two combination types—mixed-brand combinations (where all/most branded products are from different brands) and dominant-brand combinations (where all/most branded products are from the same brand)—nine studies establish that observers tend to have less trust in recommendations from those who use dominant-brand combinations (studies 1A–1C). This is driven by inferences about how the products were chosen: observers believe others who use dominant-brand combinations placed relatively greater importance on the brand—a feature that often serves as a mental shortcut for choices—and therefore infer these consumers made quicker, less thoughtful decisions (studies 2A and 2B). While the effect diminishes when observers hold particularly favorable attitudes toward the focal brand (study 3), it can alter observers’ own downstream behaviors (e.g., social media following intentions, information seeking, and recommendation taking; studies 4A–4C). Together, the findings confirm that brand combinations elicit responses distinct from single brands, offering fruitful avenues for future research.
Expression of STAT6 and Phosphorylated STAT6 in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas
Authors: Karpathiou Georgia , Ferrand Elise , Camy Florian , Babiuc Silvia-Maria , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Dumollard Jean Marc , Cornillon Jerome , Peoc’h Michel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of some lymphomas including primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs). The aim of this study was to investigate STAT6 expression and clinicopathologic features in 25 PCNSLs using immunohistochemistry with 2 different anti-STAT6 antibodies. One (YE361) recognizes the C-terminus domain of the STAT6 protein and the other (Y641) recognizes the phosphorylated form of the protein. The phosphorylated STAT6 form was not expressed in any of the cases studied whereas the YE361 STAT6 showed only cytoplasmic expression in 14 (56%) cases. This expression did not correlate with age, prognostic score, multiplicity, invasion of deep structures, response to treatment, disease recurrence, overall survival, or BCL6, BCL2, PD-L1, and CD8 expression. A STAT6 expression score showed a trend for correlating with clinical performance status. It also showed a positive correlation with MYC expression. Thus, the phosphorylated form of STAT6 was not found in the current series, while the YE361 STAT6 showed only cytoplasmic expression and was associated with expression of MYC.
On the Inside: Shatila Camp as a Space of Respite for Syrian Refugees
Authors: Holst Birgitte Stampe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As thousands of Syrians have sought refuge in Lebanon since 2011, many have moved to Palestinian camps in search of affordable accommodation. While one of these camps, Shatila on the outskirts of Beirut, is highly studied as the site of fervent political engagement and destitution among Palestinians, the camp emerges as a different kind of proposition when investigated from the perspective of Syrian refugees. Based on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork, I explore how living in Shatila affords my Syrian interlocutors specific opportunities in terms of navigating the hostile urban landscape of Beirut. Casting light on both the character of Shatila as political order and the kinds of political and social existence Syrians are able to forge for themselves there, I argue that with respect to Syrian inhabitants Shatila should be conceptualized as a pocket of respite from a general state of exception in Lebanon.
Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Italy 2020: clinical, virological and entomological findings
Authors: Barzon Luisa , Gobbi Federico , Capelli Gioia , Montarsi Fabrizio , Martini Simone , Riccetti Silvia , Sinigaglia Alessandro , Pacenti Monia , Pavan Giacomina , Rassu Mario , Padovan Maria Teresa , Manfrin Vinicio , Zanella Francesca , Russo Francesca , Foglia Felice , Lazzarini Luca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
In August 2020, in the context of COVID-19 pandemics, an autochthonous dengue outbreak was identified for the first time in Italy.

Methods
Following the reporting of the index case of autochthonous dengue, epidemiological investigation, vector control and substances of human origin safety measures were immediately activated, according to the national arbovirus surveillance plan. Dengue cases were followed-up with weekly visits and laboratory tests until recovery and clearance of viral RNA from blood.

Results
The primary dengue case was identified in a young woman, who developed fever after returning from Indonesia to northern Italy, on 27 July 2020. She spent the mandatory quarantine for COVID-19 at home with relatives, six of whom developed dengue within two weeks. Epidemiological investigation identified further five autochthonous dengue cases among people who lived or stayed near the residence of the primary case. The last case of the outbreak developed fever on 29 September 2020. Dengue cases had a mild febrile illness, except one with persistent asthenia and myalgia. DENV-1 RNA was detected in blood and/or urine in all autochthonous cases, up to 35 days after fever onset. All cases developed IgM and IgG antibodies which cross-reacted with West Nile virus (WNV) and other flaviviruses. Sequencing of the full viral genome from blood samples showed over 99% nucleotide identity with DENV-1 strains isolated in China in 2014–2015; phylogenetic analysis classified the virus within Genotype I. Entomological site inspection identified a high density of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which conceivably sustained local DENV-1 transmission. Aedes koreicus mosquitoes were also collected in the site.

Conclusions
Areas in Europe with high density of Aedes mosquitoes should be considered at risk for dengue transmission. The presence of endemic flaviviruses, such as WNV, might pose problems in the laboratory diagnosis.
Viral Hepatitis C-Related Care in Active Duty and Reserve Service Members: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Bush Allison M , Deegan Cara , Gleeson Todd 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and universal screening of all adults is recommended. Treatment with new direct antiviral agents are well tolerated and highly effective and decrease morbidity and mortality from HCV. The timely treatment of active-duty Service members (SMs) is essential to prevent complications of HCV and to ensure medical readiness and safety of the Department of Defense blood supply. We performed a retrospective review of the quality of care of Navy Active Duty (AD) and reserve SMs diagnosed with HCV to assess rates of successful treatment and compliance with national guideline recommendations and identify potential challenges to receiving curative HCV therapy.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective chart review was completed on the health records of 54 AD and reserve US Navy SMs diagnosed with HCV. The records were reviewed for timeliness of subspecialty evaluation, achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR), and documentation of the completion of HCV-associated recommendations from national organizations and guidelines. Challenges and barriers to care were identified.

Results
Ninety-eight percent of AD and reserve Navy SMs diagnosed with HCV were prescribed treatment, 81% achieved an SVR after completing initial treatment, which reached 92% after initial nonresponders underwent a second round of treatment. Fifty percent of SMs experienced a delay in care due mostly to military-related obligations and patient noncompliance or both. There was a small number of delays in care as a result of prolonged notification of results and referral time.

Conclusion
As HCV screening recommendations expand to include all adults, more HCV infections will be identified in both the active and reserve components. Modern HCV therapies are both relatively short in duration as well as curative, allowing for the restoration of medical readiness and military service retention. Despite these advantages, we identified challenges of effecting HCV cures in a mobile military population. We recommend centralized compliance monitoring of not only HCV force screening but also HCV treatment to ensure maximized military medical readiness.
Lifshitz cosmology: quantum vacuum and Hubble tension
Authors: Berechya Dror , Leonhardt Ulf 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Dark energy is one of the greatest scientific mysteries of today. The idea that dark energy originates from quantum vacuum fluctuations has circulated since the late ’60s, but theoretical estimations of vacuum energy have disagreed with the measured value by many orders of magnitude, until recently. Lifshitz theory applied to cosmology has produced the correct order of magnitude for dark energy. Furthermore, the theory is based on well-established and experimentally well-tested grounds in atomic, molecular and optical physics. In this paper, we confront Lifshitz cosmology with astronomical data. We find that the dark–energy dynamics predicted by the theory is able to resolve the Hubble tension, the discrepancy between the observed and predicted Hubble constant within the standard cosmological model. The theory is consistent with supernovae data, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Cosmic Microwave Background. Our findings indicate that Lifshitz cosmology is a serious candidate for explaining dark energy.
Close substellar-mass companions in stellar wide binaries: discovery and characterization with APOGEE and Gaia DR2
Authors: Lewis Hannah M , Anguiano Borja , Majewski Steven R , Nidever David L , Badenes Carles , De Lee Nathan , Hasselquist Sten , Mazzola Daher Christine , Stassun Keivan G , Bizyaev Dmitry , Godoy-Rivera Diego , Nitschelm Christian , Oravetz Audrey , Pan Kaike , Roman-Lopes Alexandre 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a search for close, unresolved companions in a subset of spatially resolved Gaia wide binaries containing main-sequence stars within 200 pc of the Sun, utilizing the APOGEE–Gaia Wide Binary Catalog. A catalogue of 37 wide binaries was created by selecting pairs of stars with nearly identical Gaia positions, parallaxes, and proper motions, and then confirming candidates to be gravitationally bound pairs using APOGEE radial velocities. We identify close, unresolved stellar and substellar candidate companions in these multiple systems using (1) the Gaia binary main sequence and (2) observed periodic radial velocity variations in APOGEE measurements due to the influence of a close substellar-mass companion. The studied wide binary pairs reveal a total of four stellar-mass close companions in four different wide binaries, and four substellar-mass close companion candidates in two wide binaries. The latter are therefore quadruple systems, with one substellar-mass companion orbiting each wide binary component in an S-type orbit. Taken at face value, these candidate systems represent an enhancement of an order of magnitude over the expected occurrence rate of ∼2 per cent of stars having substellar companions &gt;2 MJup within ∼100-d orbits; we discuss implications and possible explanations for this result. Finally, we compare chemical differences between the components of the wide binaries and the components of the candidate higher-order systems and find that any chemical influence or correlation due to the presence of close companions to wide binary stars is not discernible.
Environmental effects on AGN activity via extinction-free mid-infrared census
Authors: Santos Daryl Joe D , Goto Tomotsugu , Kim Seong Jin , Wang Ting-Wen , Ho Simon C-C , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Huang Ting-Chi , Lu Ting-Yi , On Alvina Y L , Wong Yi-Hang Valerie , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Pollo Agnieszka , Malkan Matthew A , Miyaji Takamitsu , Toba Yoshiki , Kilerci-Eser Ece , Małek Katarzyna , Hwang Ho Seong , Jeong Woong-Seob , Shim Hyunjin , Pearson Chris , Poliszczuk Artem , Chen Bo Han 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
How does the environment affect active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity? We investigated this question in an extinction-free way by selecting 1120 infrared (IR) galaxies in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide field at redshift z ≤ 1.2. A unique feature of the AKARI satellite is its continuous nine-band IR filter coverage, providing us with an unprecedentedly large sample of IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies. By taking advantage of this, for the first time, we explored the AGN activity derived from SED modelling as a function of redshift, luminosity, and environment. We quantified AGN activity in two ways: AGN contribution fraction (ratio of AGN luminosity to the total IR luminosity), and AGN number fraction (ratio of number of AGNs to the total galaxy sample). We found that galaxy environment (normalized local density) does not greatly affect either definitions of AGN activity of our IRG/LIRG samples (log LTIR ≤ 12). However, we found a different behaviour for ULIRGs (log LTIR &gt; 12). At our highest redshift bin (0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.2), AGN activity increases with denser environments, but at the intermediate redshift bin (0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7), the opposite is observed. These results may hint at a different physical mechanism for ULIRGs. The trends are not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.060 at the intermediate redshift bin, and p ≥ 0.139 at the highest redshift bin). Possible different behaviour of ULIRGs is a key direction to explore further with future space missions (e.g. JWST, Euclid, SPHEREx).