bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell sequencing reveals the potential oncogenic expression atlas of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ou Minglin , Zhao Min , Li Chunhong , Tang Donge , Xu Yong , Dai Weier , Sui Weiguo , Zhang Yue , Xiang Zhen , Mo Chune , Lin Hua , Dai Yong 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are important source for regenerative medicine. However, the links between pluripotency and oncogenic transformation raise safety issues. To understand the characteristics of iPSC-derived cells at single-cell resolution, we directly reprogrammed two human iPSC lines into cardiomyocytes and collected cells from four time points during cardiac differentiation for single-cell sequencing. We captured 32,365 cells and identified five molecularly distinct clusters that aligned well with our reconstructed differentiation trajectory. We discovered a set of dynamic expression events related to the upregulation of oncogenes and the decreasing expression of tumor suppressor genes during cardiac differentiation, which were similar to the gain-of-function and loss-of-function patterns during oncogenesis. In practice, we characterized the dynamic expression of the TP53 and Yamanaka factor genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC), which were widely used for human iPSCs lines generation; and revealed the co-occurrence of MYC overexpression and TP53 silencing in some of human iPSC-derived TNNT2+ cardiomyocytes. In summary, our oncogenic expression atlas is valuable for human iPSCs application and the single-cell resolution highlights the clues potentially associated with the carcinogenic risk of human iPSC-derived cells.
ERECTA family signaling constrains CLAVATA3 and WUSCHEL to the center of the shoot apical meristem
Authors: Zhang Liang , DeGennaro Daniel , Lin Guangzhong , Chai Jijie , Shpak Elena D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a reservoir of stem cells that gives rise to all post-embryonic above-ground plant organs. The size of the SAM remains stable over time owing to a precise balance of stem cell replenishment versus cell incorporation into organ primordia. The WUSCHEL (WUS)/CLAVATA (CLV) negative feedback loop is central to SAM size regulation. Its correct function depends on accurate spatial expression of WUS and CLV3. A signaling pathway, consisting of ERECTA family (ERf) receptors and EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKE (EPFL) ligands, restricts SAM width and promotes leaf initiation. Although ERf receptors are expressed throughout the SAM, EPFL ligands are expressed in its periphery. Our genetic analysis of Arabidopsis demonstrated that ERfs and CLV3 synergistically regulate the size of the SAM, and wus is epistatic to ERf genes. Furthermore, activation of ERf signaling with exogenous EPFLs resulted in a rapid decrease of CLV3 and WUS expression. ERf-EPFL signaling inhibits expression of WUS and CLV3 in the periphery of the SAM, confining them to the center. These findings establish the molecular mechanism for stem cell positioning along the radial axis.
PRDM16 regulates a temporal transcriptional program to promote progression of cortical neural progenitors
Authors: He Li , Jones Jennifer , He Weiguo , Bjork Bryan C. , Wen Jiayu , Dai Qi 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Radial glia (RG) in the neocortex sequentially generate distinct subtypes of projection neurons, accounting for the diversity and complex assembly of cortical neural circuits. Mechanisms that drive the rapid and precise temporal progression of RG are beginning to be elucidated. Here, we reveal that the RG-specific transcriptional regulator PRDM16 promotes the transition of early to late phase of neurogenesis in the mouse neocortex. Loss of Prdm16 delays the timely progression of RG, leading to defective cortical laminar organization. Our genomic analyses demonstrate that PRDM16 regulates a subset of genes that are dynamically expressed between early and late neurogenesis. We show that PRDM16 suppresses target gene expression through limiting chromatin accessibility of permissive enhancers. We further confirm that crucial target genes regulated by PRDM16 are neuronal specification genes, cell cycle regulators and molecules required for neuronal migration. These findings provide evidence to support the finding that neural progenitors temporally shift the gene expression program to achieve neural cell diversity.
Retrospective comparative study of efficacy, safety and outcome of percutaneous intervention for Budd-Chiari syndrome patients with bilirubin less than 3 and 3–6 mg/dl
Authors: Patidar Yashwant , Pal Chandan Kumar , Mukund Amar , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Comparing the efficacy, safety and outcome of percutaneous intrervention for Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) patients with bilirubin less than 3 and 3–6 mg dl−1.

Methods and materials:
188 BCS patients having serum bilirubin ≤6 mg dl−1 and underwent percutaneous interventions were divided into two groups based on bilirubin level: 151 patients having bilirubin &lt;3 mg dl−1 were included in Group 1; and 37 patients having bilirubin 3–6 mg dl−1 were included in Group 2. Both group were compare for technical success (successful recanalization of hepatic venous stenosis or creation of portocaval shunt with post-procedure gradient ≤5 mm of Hg), Safety (procedure-related mortality/morbidity or patient required transplantation) and outcome (resolution of clinical symptoms and survival).

Results:
Technical success was 94.7% in Group 1–89.1% in Group 2 with overall success rate was 93.6%. No significant differences observed between the two groups in regards to procedure related complication. Overall transplant-free survival at 1 and 5 years after intervention in both groups was 96.3 and 91.2% respectively. 1-year and 5-year survivals in Group 1 was 96.7%, and 93.1%, whereas Group 2 was 94.6 and 90.1% with no statically significantly difference between the two groups (p = 0.59). Percutaneous intervention results are good in patients having bilirubin up to 6 mg dl−1, i.e. mild to moderate liver dysfunctions.

Conclusion:
Technical success, survival and outcome of percutaneous intervention in BCS patients having serum bilirubin 3–6 mg dl−1 was comparable to patients having bilirubin level &lt;3 mg dl−1.

Advances in knowledge:
Percutaneous intervention treatment is suitable for treatment for symptomatic BCS patients having bilirubin up to 6 mg  dl−1.
MRI-defined high-risk rectal cancer patients: outcome comparison between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus TME and TME plus adjuvant chemotherapy or TME alone
Authors: Jia Xiaoxuan , Xie Peiyi , Bi Liang , Meng Xiaochun , Wang Ziqiang , Hong Nan , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The goal of this study was to investigate whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) plus total mesorectal excision (TME) would improve the outcome of patients with MRI-defined high-risk rectal cancer compared with TME plus adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) or TME alone.

Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled 362 patients with MRI-defined high-risk rectal cancer who were treated with NCRT plus TME, TME plus ACT, or TME alone between January 2008 and August 2018. Cases with a high-risk tumor stage, positive extramural venous invasion, or mesorectal fascia involvement on baseline MRI were considered cases of high-risk rectal cancer. We matched patients treated with NCRT plus TME to patients treated with TME plus ACT and to those treated with TME alone. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare local recurrence (LR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates.

Results:
The cumulative 3 year LR rate in the matched NCRT plus TME group was more favorable than in the TME plus ACT group (0% vs 5.1%; p = 0.037; n = 98) and in the TME alone group (0% vs 11.5%; p = 0.016; n = 61). Patients who received NCRT plus TME demonstrated better cumulative 3 year DFS rates than patients treated with TME plus ACT (85.7% vs 65.3%; p = 0.009) or with TME alone (86.9% vs 68.9%; p = 0.046). No difference in OS was observed among the groups.

Conclusion:
NCRT may improve DFS and LR rates in patients with MRI-defined high-risk rectal cancer when compared with TME plus ACT or TME alone.

Advances in knowledge:
This study illustrated the specific benefit of NCRT on the outcome measures of MRI-defined high-risk rectal cancer compared with TME plus ACT or TME alone, which was not clearly clarified in previous studies enrolling all patients with Stage II/III rectal cancer.
Self-care management, knowledge, self-efficacy for medication and Quality of Life in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Kroustalli Elpida , Papadopoulos Constantinos H , Vasileiadis Ioannis , Kalokairinou Athena , Kiokas Sotirios , Karatzanos Eleftherios , Nanas Serafeim 
Published: February 2021

Background: The management of Heart Failure (HF) is the cornerstone for the appropriate therapy and the knowledge obtained concerning the disease is known to affect self-care behaviours. Aim: The aim was to test the association between self-care management, knowledge, self-efficacy for medication and quality of life in chronic HF patients.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and four questionnaires were used: Atlanta Heart Failure Knowledge Test (AHFK), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (HMLHFQ), Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS-9). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independently associated variables with study subscales.Results: The sample consisted of 122 Heart Failure patients (102 men-20 women) with mean age 67.1 years (SD=12.3). Scores on Fluid and sodium management, Physical activity and recognition of deteriorating symptoms were significantly greater as compared with scores on Adhering to recommendations (p<0.001), indicating that the needs concerning Adhering to recommendations were greater. Linear regression analyses showed that score on knowledge-test and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class were predictive of medication adherence factors. Better knowledge was associated with better medication adherence, while worse scores were found in subjects with NYHA class III or IV as compared to those with NYHA class I or II. Additionally, Knowledge and years of Education were associated with Self-care behaviour factors (β=0.44, SE=0.08, p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients at a higher level of HF knowledge show better adherence to the Medication. Self-care behavior and life quality are improved.
What contextual factors and mechanisms facilitate male involvement in women's sexual and reproductive health in Sub-Saharan Africa? A rapid realist review protocol
Authors: Mwendwa Purity , Karani Caroline , Kamolo Elizabeth , Kroll Thilo , De Brún Aoife , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: February 2021

Background: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of women within low resource contexts continue to be of concern to policymakers. Notably, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to lag behind other regions of the world in improving SRH outcomes for women in the region. A key suggested strategy is male involvement through interventions that respect, promote and facilitate women in taking care of themselves and their new-borns. However, factors such as social-cultural barriers may preclude men's involvement in these programmes. There is a need for a context-specific understanding of gender dynamics and interaction and the mechanisms that enhance or impede men's involvement. Methods: We will employ a rapid realist review (RRR) methodology to examine what mechanisms and contextual factors are essential to facilitate the involvement of men in women's SRH programmes in SSA. In keeping with the realist literature we will follow six steps, which will include: (1) developing a theory, (2) developing a search strategy, (3) selecting and appraising documents, (4) extracting data, (5) analysing data and synthesising the evidence, and (6) presenting and disseminating a revised theory. We will also engage with key stakeholders who will provide local contextual insights and with experts in the subject area. The review findings will be shared with relevant stakeholders using a variety of avenues including through publications, at conferences and on social media platforms. Discussion: This review will identify the mechanisms and contextual factors that facilitate or hinder men's involvement in women's SRH programmes in SSA. The rationale for adopting an RRR approach is to help gather the information within a relatively short period to ensure relevance of findings to policymakers in SSA. Results from this work also have the potential to be adapted to the other contexts, for example, Ireland and the UK, which have a growing population of people from SSA.
A reproducible picture of open access health facility data in Africa and R tools to support improvement
Authors: South Andy , Dicko Ahmadou , Herringer Mark , Macharia Peter M. , Maina Joseph , Okiro Emelda A. , Snow Robert W. , van der Walt Anelda 
Published: February 2021

Background:Open data on the locations and services provided by health facilities have, in some countries, allowed the development of software tools contributing to COVID-19 response. The UN and WHO encourage countries to make health facility location data open, to encourage use and improvement. We provide a summary of open access health facility location data in Africa using re-useable R code. We aim to support data analysts developing software tools to address COVID-19 response in individual countries. In Africa there are currently three main sources of such open data; 1) direct from national ministries of health, 2) a database for sub-Saharan Africa collated and published by a team from KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and now hosted by WHO, and 3) The Global Healthsites Mapping Project in collaboration with OpenStreetMap. Methods:We searched for and documented official national facility location data that were openly available. We developed re-useable open-source R code to summarise and visualise facility location data by country from the three sources. This re-useable code is used to provide a web user interface allowing data exploration through maps and plots of facility type.Results:Out of 52 African countries, seven currently provide an official open facility list that can be downloaded and analysed reproducibly. Considering all three sources, there are over 185,000 health facility locations available for Africa. However, there are differences and overlaps between sources and a lack of data on capacities and service provision.Conclusions:These summaries and software tools can be used to encourage greater use of existing health facility location data, incentivise further improvements in the provision of those data by national suppliers, and encourage collaboration within wider data communities. The tools are a part of the afrimapr project, actively developing R building blocks to facilitate the use of health data in Africa.
Financial Industry Affiliation and Hedge Fund Performance
Authors: Zheng Lingling , Yan Xuemin (Sterling) 
Published: February 2021

Affiliation with a financial conglomerate may provide hedge funds with superior information about the conglomerate’s lending, investment banking, and brokerage clients; such affiliation can also lead to potential conflicts with the other units of the conglomerate and exacerbate the conflict between hedge fund companies and hedge fund investors. We find that affiliated funds significantly underperform unaffiliated funds. A difference-in-difference analysis confirms the negative relation between financial industry affiliation and hedge fund performance. Affiliated funds pursue asset-gathering strategies, overweight their conducted initial public offerings/seasoned equity offerings clients’ stocks, are more likely to commit legal and regulatory violations, and tend to exhibit a greater number of internal conflicts. Our results are consistent with conflict of interest exerting a negative impact on the performance of affiliated hedge funds. However, it is possible that lack of skill also contributes to the underperformance of affiliated funds. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Targets, Predictability, and Performance
Authors: Peñaranda Francisco , Wu Liuren 
Published: February 2021

We study market-timing strategies on a given portfolio to achieve a particular risk or return target. Targeting a constant risk level leads to increasing investment at better investment opportunities, whereas targeting a constant expected return does the opposite. Theoretical and numerical analysis shows that within the usual ranges of investment opportunities, risk targeting generates better unconditional performance than return targeting across a wide range of metrics. Empirical analysis with commonly constructed stock portfolios further highlights the practical infeasibility of return targeting due to the inherently low out-of-sample predicting power. By contrast, risk targeting tends to enhance unconditional stability and performance. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Intramedullary nailing versus sliding hip screw for A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures
Authors: Mellema Jos J. , Janssen Stein , Schouten Tundi , Haverkamp Daniël , van den Bekerom Michel P J. , Ring David , Doornberg Job N. ,   Science of Variation Group
Published: February 2021

Aims This study evaluated variation in the surgical treatment of stable (A1) and unstable (A2) trochanteric hip fractures among an international group of orthopaedic surgeons, and determined the influence of patient, fracture, and surgeon characteristics on choice of implant (intramedullary nailing (IMN) versus sliding hip screw (SHS)). Methods A total of 128 orthopaedic surgeons in the Science of Variation Group evaluated radiographs of 30 patients with Type A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures and indicated their preferred treatment: IMN or SHS. The management of Type A3 (reverse obliquity) trochanteric fractures was not evaluated. Agreement between surgeons was calculated using multirater kappa. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess whether patient, fracture, and surgeon characteristics were independently associated with choice of implant. Results The overall agreement between surgeons on implant choice was fair (kappa = 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.28)). Factors associated with preference for IMN included USA compared to Europe or the UK (Europe odds ratio (OR) 0.56 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.67); UK OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.22); p < 0.001); exposure to IMN only during training compared to surgeons that were exposed to both (only IMN during training OR 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.4); p < 0.001); and A2 compared to A1 fractures (Type A2 OR 10 (95% CI 8.4 to 12); p < 0.001). Conclusion In an international cohort of orthopaedic surgeons, there was a large variation in implant preference for patients with A1 and A2 trochanteric fractures. This is due to surgeon bias (country of practice and aspects of training). The observation that surgeons favoured the more expensive implant (IMN) in the absence of convincing evidence of its superiority suggests that surgeon de-biasing strategies may be a useful focus for optimizing patient outcomes and promoting value-based healthcare. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):775–781.
The rate of COVID-19 and associated mortality after elective hip and knee arthroplasty prior to cessation of elective services in UK
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Hall Andrew J. , Kader Nardeen ,   IMPACT Restart Collaboration, Ollivere Benjamin , Oussedik Sam , Kader Deiary F. , Deehan David J. , Duckworth Andrew D. 
Published: February 2021

Aims The primary aim was to assess the rate of postoperative COVID-19 following hip and knee arthroplasty performed in March 2020 in the UK. The secondary aims were to assess whether there were clinical factors associated with COVID-19 status, the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19, and the rate of potential COVID-19 in patients not presenting to healthcare services. Methods A multicentre retrospective study was conducted of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2020 to 31 March 2020) with a minimum of 60 days follow-up. Patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, procedure type, primary or revision, length of stay (LOS), COVID-19 test status, and postoperative mortality were recorded. A subgroup of patients (n = 211) who had not presented to healthcare services after discharge were contacted and questioned as to whether they had symptoms of COVID-19. Results Five (0.5%) of 1,073 patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 postoperatively. When adjusting for confounding factors, increasing LOS (p = 0.022) was the only significant factor associated with developing COVID-19 following surgery and a stay greater than three days was a reliable predictor with an area under the curve of 81% (p = 0.018). There were three (0.3%) deaths in the study cohort and the overall mortality rate attributable to COVID-19 was 0.09% (n = 1/1,073), with one (20%) of the five patients with COVID-19 dying postoperatively. Of the 211 patients contacted, two had symptoms within two to 14 days postoperatively with a positive predictive value of 31% and it was therefore estimated that one patient may have had undiagnosed COVID-19. Conclusion The rate of postoperative COVID-19 was 0.5% and may have been as high as 1% when accounting for those patients not presenting to healthcare services, which was similar to the estimated population prevalence during the study period. The overall mortality rate secondary to COVID-19 was low (0.09%), however the mortality rate for those patients developing COVID-19 was 20%. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):681–688.
Dual-band and polarization-independent metamaterial terahertz narrowband absorber
Authors: Pan Wu , Shen Tao , Ma Yong , Zhang Zhen , Yang Huan , Wang Xi , Zhang Xuewen , Li Yi , Yang Lihao 
Published: February 2021

A dual-band terahertz metamaterial narrowband absorber is investigated based on a single simple windmill-shaped structure. The proposed metamaterial absorber achieves near-perfect absorption at 0.371 THz and 0.464 THz. The full width at half-maximum is 0.76% and 0.31% relative to absorption frequency. The multireflection interference theory is used for analyzing the absorption mechanism at low absorption frequency. The theoretical predictions of the decoupled model have excellent agreement with simulation results. By investigating the absorber’s distribution of electric field and surface current density at high absorption frequency, the absorber’s near-perfect absorption at the high absorption frequency originating from the magnetic resonance formed between the top metal structure and the bottom metal plane is explained. Besides, the absorber proposed is independent of the polarization angle. It is significant to various applications such as narrowband thermal radiation, photoelectric detection, biological sensing, and other fields.