bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying teachers in social network sites: a review of methods
Authors: Kelly Nick , Mercieca Bernadette , Mercieca Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial network sites are being widely used by teachers, and this phenomenon has been studied extensively. Yet the knowledge base supporting policy and practitioner decisions around the implementation and facilitation of these sites remains underdeveloped. This paper suggests that one reason for this lies in a mismatch between the methods that are being used in studies of teachers in social network sites and the claims that are being made. It looks towards stronger claims within this domain of research by presenting an integrative review of empirical studies (N = 96) which investigate teachers in social network sites, with a focus upon the methods that they employ. An integrative review is conducted to find studies that look at early childhood, primary, and secondary teachers’ use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social network sites. The paper analyses the sample sizes, data sources, and forms of analysis that are used in these studies and discusses their suitability to the claims that are being made. It characterises the methods used in the included studies and makes five methodological recommendations regarding: (1) data about groups to be included when reporting studies and consistency of terminology; (2) frameworks for analysis; (3) re‐use of research instruments and coding schemes; (4) approaches to sampling to avoid self‐selection and bias; and (5) framing of claims to be more precise in nature. It suggests steps that might be taken to move towards stronger claims within this domain through convergent validity.
Context and implications
Rationale for this study
Social network sites (SNSs) are being widely used by teachers, yet the knowledge base supporting decisions around SNS implementation and facilitation for teachers is underdeveloped.
Why the new findings matter
This integrative review of 96 empirical studies of teachers in SNSs, and the analysis provided, helps researchers to understand the methods needed for developing this knowledge base.
Implications for researchers, practitioners
The study is relevant for researchers studying online networks of early childhood, primary, or secondary teachers. It makes five methodological recommendations pertaining to: (1) data about groups being included when reporting studies and consistency of terminology; (2) potential frameworks for analysis; (3) the need for re‐use of research instruments and coding schemes; (4) appropriate approaches to sampling, such as avoiding self‐selection; and (5) framing of claims to be more fine‐grained in nature. It suggests steps that might be taken to move towards stronger claims within this domain of teachers in SNSs through convergent validity.
Toward better measurement of sustainable development and wellbeing: A small number of SDG indicators reliably predict life satisfaction
Authors: Kubiszewski Ida , Mulder Kenneth , Jarvis Diane , Costanza Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2015, all 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 indicators (including over 650 indicators if all the subdivisions are included) are intended to guide and improve sustainable wellbeing and life satisfaction for everyone on earth. Challenges include the fact that many indicators are not measured or reliably tracked in many countries, the cost of tracking is unclear, and no explicit overarching goal exists. To highlight some of the problems with this approach, we model life satisfaction (LS) survey scores by country, as a proxy for overall wellbeing, as the dependent variable against the official 232 SDG indicators. Using a constrained linear regression approach (LASSO), we identify a model that includes only 8 of the 232 indicators and explains 84% of the variation in LS. These eight indicators are proxies for economic, social, and environmental variables. We also cluster countries according to these indicators and LS showing correlation within geographical and cultural regions. We discuss these results with regard to the meaning and measurement of sustainable development vs. sustainable wellbeing and its relationship with LS and the SDGs. We recommend how these results can be used to prioritize goals and measurement efforts to create more meaningful and useful measures of sustainable wellbeing.
Exploring the mental health correlates of overdose loss
Authors: Bottomley Jamison S. , Feigelman William T. , Rheingold Alyssa A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the exorbitant rise in overdose‐related deaths, little is known about the mental health burden associated with this form of loss. Using validated self‐report instruments, the present study investigated the prevalence of pathological symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicide risk among a sample of overdose loss survivors (n = 115). Comparison groups consisting of other sudden loss survivors (suicide and sudden‐natural loss) were employed to illuminate any shared or unique mental health challenges. Consistent with this study's primary hypothesis, results indicated that the overall mental health burden of overdose loss is substantial. Specifically, after controlling for a number of covariates, overdose loss survivors were approximately three times more likely to meet the symptom severity threshold for PGD, PTSD, and MDD compared to sudden‐natural loss survivors. Overdose loss survivors also appeared to be at risk for GAD symptoms and suicide, but differences were non‐significant after accounting for a number of covariates. Overall, this study is the first to examine this particular constellation of mental health outcomes associated with overdose bereavement, underscoring the need for additional empirical and clinical attention placed on this burgeoning population.
Salutary mechanisms in the relationship between stress and health: The mediating and moderating roles of Sense of Coherence—Revised
Authors: Rohner Shauna L. , Bernays Florence , Maercker Andreas , Thoma Myriam V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile chronic and acute stress are often associated with negative health, the sense of coherence–revised (SOC‐R) is proposed to facilitate coping with stress and promote health. However, research is lacking on the specific mechanisms. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate potential mediating and moderating mechanisms of SOC‐R in the relationship between stress and health. Using a cross‐sectional design, standardized questionnaires assessed SOC‐R, acute (perceived) stress, early‐life adversity (ELA; indicator for early‐life chronic stress), mental and physical health, and satisfaction with life. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted with N = 531 Irish adults (mean age: 59.5 years; 58.4% female). Regarding acute (perceived) stress, results showed that SOC‐R and its Manageability subscale significantly mediated the association between perceived stress and mental health, and satisfaction with life. SOC‐R and its Manageability subscale also significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and mental health. Regarding ELA, the Manageability subscale significantly mediated the association between ELA and mental health, and satisfaction with life; and the Balance subscale significantly mediated the association between ELA and physical health. SOC‐R may provide a useful focus for stress‐related research, with future longitudinal studies needed to examine SOC‐R as a long‐term modulating pathway between stress and health.
Functionalized Tumor‐Targeting Nanosheets Exhibiting Fe(II) Overloading and GSH Consumption for Ferroptosis Activation in Liver Tumor
Authors: Li Ke , Xu Kun , He Ye , Lu Lu , Mao Yulan , Gao Pengfei , Liu Genhua , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuchen , Xiang Yang , Luo Zhong , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLiver tumor is difficult to cure for its high degree of malignancy and rapid progression characteristics. Ferroptosis as a new model of inducing cell death is expected to break the treatment bottleneck of liver tumors. Here, a strategy to induce ferroptosis in HepG2 cells with acid‐degradable tumor targeted nanosheets Cu‐Hemin‐PEG‐Lactose acid (Cu‐Hemin‐PEG‐LA) is proposed. After highly ingested by HepG2 cells, Cu‐Hemin‐PEG‐LA nanosheets are degraded by weak acid and release Cu(II) and hemin, which consuming intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and increasing the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) protein, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down‐regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. The intracellular Fe2+ content is overloaded by the significant up‐regulation of HMOX1 expression, which is denoted as nonclassical mode. The synergistic eﬀect of classical and nonclassical mode increased the intracellular lipid reactive oxide species, induced the occurrence of ferroptosis and up‐regulated the expression of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G proteins (EndoG). The synergistic strategy demonstrate the excellent ferroptosis induction ability and antitumor efficacy in vivo, which provides great potential for the clinical transformation of ferroptosis.
Aggregation‐induced emission: Red and near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Tu Liangjing , Xie Yujun , Li Zhen , Tang Benzhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRed and near‐infrared (NIR) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) have gained remarkable interest due to their numerous applications. However, the construction of highly emissive emitters is hampered by the energy‐gap law and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect. Whereas, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials could avoid the undesirable ACQ effect and emit bright light in aggregated state, which is one class of the most promising materials to fabricate high‐performance OLED with a high external quantum efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off. This review summarizes recent advances in red and NIR OLED with AIE property, including the traditional fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and hybridized local and charge transfer compounds. Meanwhile, the emphasis attention is paid to the molecular design principles, as well as the molecular structure‐photophysical characteristics. We also briefly further outlook the challenges and perspective of red and NIR AIE luminogens.
DC Arc Resistance Rise by PMMA Cylinder Ablation with Arc Shrinking in Silica Sand Filling Space
Authors: Kodama Naoto , Nakamura Koya , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Takahashi Asato , Yamamura Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Concerning DC arc quenching phenomenon in silica sand filling space, we have proposed a new method for raising an arc column resistance (rcol) by use of polymer‐material arrangement. This paper reveals physical factors for rcol rise on the bases of experimental results using the following cylinders made of: (i) Quartz (SiO2) and (ii) PMMA ((C5H8O2)n) with various inner diameters ϕ. For ϕ = 2 mm case, rcol measured for a PMMA cylinder arrangement indicated higher rcol at low current region, while almost same rcol around current peak. For ϕ = 3 mm case, rcol for the PMMA cylinder was lower than rcol for the quartz case at high current region, while almost comparable between these conditions at low current region. For ϕ = 5 mm case, rcol were almost same during the arc quenching process. To discuss the effect of the rcol rise, the followings were also performed: (i) observation of cylinders after arc quenching and (ii) calculation of the electron density of SiO2/Cu or PMMA/SiO2 mixture vapors. It is concluded that, at high current region, rcol can increase due to the shrinking of the arc conductive diameter caused by the cylinder hole and the silica sand filled inside the cylinder hole. On the other hand, the admixing of the PMMA ablation vapor increases rcol at low current region in the present experiment. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An eco‐friendly management of organic waste by using exotic earthworms: A case study of revenue generation in Gandhi Zoological Park
Authors: Mir Rouf Ahmad , Shrivastava Sarita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBefore the start of vermicomposting, the large quantity of organic waste generated in the zoo was sold to the public at the rate of Rs. 500 per truck amount Rs. 9500 annually. However, the large profusion of waste was frequently left within the zoo premises imparting an ugly and unhygienic environment for the zoo. To make the park more attractive, self‐sustained (sold high‐quality vermicompost) and keep premises clean, a vermicomposting process was set up on a pilot basis. Vermicomposting of organic waste could have dual beneficial effects by generating an economically viable animal feed protein in the form of worm biomass while alleviating the negative effects of poor organic waste management. The aim of the study was the management of different organic wastes generated in the zoo by using exotic worms and makes the premises financially‐self dependent. The most dung‐producing animals in the zoo are herbivores and droppings of exotic birds are also included, on average below 200 kg or more waste is collected every week in the zoo. Analysis of different physico‐chemical properties of zoo vermicompost showed vermidegraded organic waste is a nutrient rich and eco‐friendly approach. Data were analyzed by using mean ± error.
Dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel reduces fear and anxiety in dogs during veterinary visits: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical pilot study
Authors: Korpivaara Mira , Huhtinen Mirja , Aspegrén John , Overall Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionMany dogs are anxious and/or fearful in veterinary clinics and exhibit avoidant and/or defensive behaviour. The purpose of pharmacological interventions is to reduce anxiety and to enable patient‐friendly, low stress physical examination and procedures.Materials and methodsThis was a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicentre, clinical‐field study. The eligible dogs (n = 76) were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine 0.1 mg/g oromucosal gel at a dose of 125 μg/m2 (n = 27) or 250 μg/m2 (n = 24), or an equivalent volume of placebo gel (n = 23).ResultsThe investigator's ability to perform the intended procedure (physical examination and 1 short minor veterinary or husbandry procedure) was excellent for 40.7% of the dogs that received dexmedetomidine 125 μg/m2 and 33.3% of those that received dexmedetomidine 250 μg/m2 compared to only 4.3% of the placebo dogs. The overall treatment effect was statistically significant (p = 0.03). In addition, the investigators subjective stress level assessments revealed that dexmedetomidine treated dogs showed significantly more commonly relaxed body posture (p < 0.01) and more relaxed behaviour when entering the examination room (p = 0.02). There were very few adverse events, and treated animals were not sedated.ConclusionsThis study indicated a beneficial treatment effect of dexmedetomidine gel in alleviation of canine fear and anxiety during minor veterinary or husbandry procedures in the clinic environment in dogs previously reported to suffer from fear and anxiety during veterinary visits. Both dexmedetomidine gel doses studied were effective, and no clinical safety concerns were noticed for either dose.
Key features and novel trends for developing cost engineering methods for forged components: a systematic literature review
Authors: Favi Claudio , Campi Federico , Mandolini Marco , Martinelli Irene , Germani Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering design shows a growing interest in exploring cost analysis to anticipate manufacturing issues and integrate production aspects within the product development process. This research aims to highlight key elements (inputs, parameters, models) to accurately predict the cost of a forged part using a complete model, with important information that can be available during the design phase. For this purpose, a systematic literature review of existing engineering methodologies developed for cost analysis of forged parts (i.e., cost estimation, DtC, and ABC) was performed with characterizations of the different approaches for evaluating the most important topics related to this objective. As a result, the most important insights related to the aim of this review are provided: (i) among quantitative methods, analytical and parametric models are the most suitable approaches to develop a cost estimation, (ii) a cost model based on a linear equation supported by single or multiple variables seems to be the most accurate tool to establish a robust cost analysis in the design of forged components, and (iii) input parameters related to the material type and geometrical features are the most critical cost-drivers in the cost assessment. Moreover, this review contributes to identifying emerging applications and obsolete topics, providing the ground to investigate unexplored areas relevant to future research.
Radon Numbers Grow Linearly
Authors: Pálvölgyi Dömötör 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDefine the k-th Radon number $$r_k$$

r
k

of a convexity space as the smallest number (if it exists) for which any set of $$r_k$$

r
k

points can be partitioned into k parts whose convex hulls intersect. Combining the recent abstract fractional Helly theorem of Holmsen and Lee with earlier methods of Bukh, we prove that $$r_k$$

r
k

grows linearly, i.e., $$r_k\le c(r_2)\cdot k$$

r
k

≤
c

(

r
2

)

·
k

.
Navigating by touch: haptic Monte Carlo localization via geometric sensing and terrain classification
Authors: Buchanan Russell , Bednarek Jakub , Camurri Marco , Nowicki Michał R. , Walas Krzysztof , Fallon Maurice 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLegged robot navigation in extreme environments can hinder the use of cameras and lidar due to darkness, air obfuscation or sensor damage, whereas proprioceptive sensing will continue to work reliably. In this paper, we propose a purely proprioceptive localization algorithm which fuses information from both geometry and terrain type to localize a legged robot within a prior map. First, a terrain classifier computes the probability that a foot has stepped on a particular terrain class from sensed foot forces. Then, a Monte Carlo-based estimator fuses this terrain probability with the geometric information of the foot contact points. Results demonstrate this approach operating online and onboard an ANYmal B300 quadruped robot traversing several terrain courses with different geometries and terrain types over more than 1.2 km. The method keeps pose estimation error below 20 cm using a prior map with trained network and using sensing only from the feet, leg joints and IMU.
Public perception and acceptance of negative emission technologies – framing effects in Switzerland
Authors: Wenger Ariane , Stauffacher Michael , Dallo Irina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLimiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires negative emission technologies (NETs), which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and permanently store it to offset unavoidable emissions. Successful large-scale deployment of NETs depends not only on technical, biophysical, ecological, and economic factors, but also on public perception and acceptance. However, previous studies on this topic have been scarce. In 2019, Switzerland adopted a net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 target, which will require the use of NETs. To examine the current Swiss public perception and acceptance of five different NETs, we conducted an online survey with Swiss citizens (N = 693). By using a between-subjects design, we investigated differences in public opinion, perception, and acceptance across three of the most used frames in the scientific literature — technological fix, moral hazard, and climate emergency. Results showed that the public perception and acceptance of NETs does not differ between the frames. The technological fix frame best reflected participants’ opinion, whereas participants perceived the moral hazard frame the least credible and the climate emergency frame the most unclear. Moreover, our findings confirm the public’s unfamiliarity with NETs. We found no strong opposition, as participants indicated a moderate acceptance and a neutral evaluation of all five NETs, with afforestation standing out as the most accepted and positively evaluated NET. We conclude that, in the future, the public debate on NETs should be intensified, and the public perception should be monitored regularly to inform the development of NETs.
Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis
Authors: Ngoma Hambulo , Lupiya Patrick , Kabisa Mulako , Hartley Faaiqa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRainfed agriculture is the primary impact channel for agrarian economies like Zambia, but it is uncertain how future climate will be and by how much it will affect agriculture, household welfare, and economic growth. We use an integrated framework that combines climate models, biophysical models, and an economy-wide computable general equilibrium model based on a 2007 Social Accounting Matrix to assess the impacts of climate change on agriculture, economic growth, and household welfare in Zambia. We address the uncertainty associated with climate change by using data from the general circulation models based on 819 potential future climate scenarios. There are three main results. First, rainfall is projected to decline with the Southern and Western regions of Zambia worst affected, and temperature is projected to increase by 2050. Second, climate change is projected to reduce crop yield and production, with maize expected to be the hardest hit. These impacts are progressive over time. And lastly, based only on the agricultural impact channel, climate change will likely reduce national gross domestic product (GDP), agricultural production, and household welfare. There are significant regional differences, with the Southern and Western regions projected to bear the most substantial negative impacts of climate change on crop yield and production. These findings have implications for targeting of adaptation interventions needed to sustain the future of smallholder agriculture in Zambia.
Effective Strategies for Research Integrity Training—a Meta-analysis
Authors: Katsarov Johannes , Andorno Roberto , Krom André , van den Hoven Mariëtte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reviews educational efforts to promote a responsible conduct of research (RCR) that were reported in scientific publications between 1990 and early 2020. Unlike previous reviews that were exploratory in nature, this review aimed to test eleven hypotheses on effective training strategies. The achievement of different learning outcomes was analyzed independently using moderator analysis and meta-regression, whereby 75 effect sizes from 30 studies were considered. The analysis shows that the achievement of different learning outcomes ought to be investigated separately. The attainment of knowledge strongly benefited from individualized learning, as well as from the discussion and practical application of ethical standards. Contrarily, not covering ethical standards tended to be a feature of successful courses, when looking at other learning outcomes. Overall, experiential learning approaches where learners were emotionally involved in thinking about how to deal with problems were most effective. Primarily intellectual deliberation about ethical problems, often considered the “gold standard” of ethics education, was significantly less effective. Several findings from previous reviews, e.g., the preferability of mono-disciplinary groups, could not be replicated with multivariate analysis. Several avenues for future research efforts are suggested to advance knowledge on the effectiveness of research integrity training.