bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk factors of early implant failure: A retrospective study of 6113 implants
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Chen Si , Ji Wei , Shi Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors of early implant failure were controversial among previous studies, especially for implants in different sites.PurposeTo analyze the rate and risk factors of early implant failure occurring before the placement of final prosthesis.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted based on electrical medical records of patients who received dental implant placement from 2015 to 2019. Generalized estimation equation analyses were used to explore potential risk factors influencing early implant failure.ResultsOverall, 6113 implants in 3785 patients were included. The rate of early implant failure was 1.6% at patient level and 1.2% at implant level. The early implant failure was significantly associated with implants in the posterior maxilla, with specific surface modifications and in previously augmented sites (p < 0.05). Risk factors for maxillary implants included surface modification and bone augmentation procedures (p < 0.01), whereas risk factors for mandibular implants included gender and bone augmentation procedures (p < 0.05). For implants placed in previously augmented sites, implants placed in the anterior mandible had a higher risk of early failure (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe risk factors for early implant failures varied among different sites; hence, they should be comprehensively considered in presurgical treatment plan.
Inhibition‐directed multimodal imaging fusion patterns in adults with ADHD and its potential underlying “gene‐brain‐cognition” relationship
Authors: Guo Xiaojie , Liu Lu , Li Tiantian , Zhao Qihua , Li Hui , Huang Fang , Wang Yanfei , Qian Qiujin , Cao Qingjiu , Wang Yufeng , Calhoun Vince D. , Sui Jing , Sun Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsInhibition deficits have been suggested to be a core cognitive impairment in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exploring imaging patterns and the potential genetic components associated with inhibition deficits would definitely promote our understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of ADHD. This study aims to investigate the multimodal imaging fusion features related to inhibition deficits in adults with ADHD (aADHD) and to make an exploratory analysis of the role of inhibition‐related gene, NOS1, on those brain alterations.MethodsSpecifically, multisite canonical correlation analysis with reference plus joint independent component analysis (MCCAR + jICA) was conducted to identify the joint co‐varying gray matter volume (GMV) and the functional connectivity (FC) features related to inhibition in 69 aADHD and 44 healthy controls. Then, mediation analysis was employed to detect the relationship among inhibition‐related imaging features, NOS1 ex1f‐VNTR genotypes, and inhibition.ResultsInhibition‐directed multimodal imaging fusion patterns of aADHD were reduced GMV and FC in inhibition network and increased GMV and FC in default mode network. The results showed a significant indirect effect of NOS1 ex1f‐VNTR on inhibition via FC component [effect size = −0.54 (SE = 0.29), 95% CI = −1.16 to −0.01]. In addition, the results indicated a significant indirect effect of GMV on the inhibition via FC component [effect size = 0.43 (SE = 0.23), 95% CI = 0.12 to 1.00].ConclusionThe findings suggested that reduced GMV and FC in inhibition network and increased GMV and FC in default mode network were jointly responsible for inhibition deficits in aADHD. Both the NOS1 ex1f‐VNTR genotypes and GMV might influence the inhibition through the mediation effect of the aforementioned FC (NOS1/GMV→FC→Inhibition).
Preservation of the rectum is possible in early rectal cancer with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, delay and local excision—a 12‐year single‐centre experience of the evolution of early rectal cancer treatment
Authors: Bilkhu Amarvir , Robinson Jonathan Matthew , Steward Mark Arnold 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTreatment of early rectal cancer (ERC) is undergoing a revolution towards rectum preservation. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy alongside local excision (LE) means that organ preservation is a real possibility for most patients and a viable alternative for frailer patients. This study presents our 12‐year experience as a specialist regional ERC unit, evolving towards organ preservation.MethodData were collected prospectively between 2006 and 2018 for all patients referred to the regional ERC multidisciplinary team with suspected or confirmed ERC. Patients considered suitable for LE, or those declining radical surgery, were offered LE or neoadjuvant short‐course radiotherapy (SCRT), delay and LE with subsequent rescue surgery or contact brachytherapy for unfavourable histopathology.ResultsIn all, 102 patients underwent LE. Ten patients were excluded (N = 92). 45 patients underwent LE directly and 47 patients received SCRT and LE. After SCRT and LE, a pathological complete response was achieved in 44.7%. This approach also resulted in a lower rate of lymphovascular invasion (22.2% vs. 6.4%), fewer distant recurrences (4.4% vs. 0%) and a better disease‐specific mortality (11.1% vs. 0%) (P < 0.05). Although statistically insignificant, fewer patients required rescue surgery after SCRT (15.6% vs. 4.3%).ConclusionOrgan preservation with a good oncological outcome is better achieved by neoadjuvant radiotherapy, delay and LE. To achieve this, careful patient selection, thorough preoperative investigation, experienced surgical technique and a deep appreciation of tumour biology managed via a dedicated ERC network is paramount.
Moscow, Beijing, and the Crescent: Russian and Chinese religious soft power in the Middle East
Authors: Hoffman Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe expanding presence and interests of both Russia and China as well as the shift from American unipolarity to greater multipolarity has rightfully been noted as one of the most transformative regional developments in the contemporary Middle East. Both Moscow and Beijing have asserted themselves as prominent external powers in the region, especially as the United States continues to reassess its interests and commanding presence in the Middle East. Russia and China have dramatically increased their respective diplomatic, economic, and military engagement in the region, particularly following the 2011 Arab uprisings. However, often overlooked is the growing religious engagement of both Moscow and Beijing in the region. This analysis seeks to bridge this gap by examining Russia's and China's efforts to construct their own tools of religious soft power within the Middle East, as well as the central role of several regional powers to these efforts.
Genetic recombination in Teratosphaeriadestructans causing a new disease outbreak in Malaysia
Authors: Havenga Minette , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. , Marincowitz Seonju , Dreyer Léanne L. , Roets Francois , Japarudin Yani , Aylward Janneke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Eucalyptus foliar pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans causes severe and widespread damage in South‐East Asian and South African plantations. In 2016, leaf blight symptoms resembling those caused by T. destructans were observed in a plantation of a Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid in Sabah, Malaysia. The aims of this study were to confirm the identity of the causal agent as T. destructans and to investigate the genetic structure of isolates associated with this newly detected disease outbreak. Using sequence data of three gene regions, the identity of the pathogen was confirmed as T. destructans. The mating type and microsatellite genotypes of 41 isolates from this Malaysian population were identified and compared with those from previously characterized populations in South‐East Asia and South Africa. The Malaysian population had the highest genotypic diversity of any T. destructans population thus far investigated. Both the mating types were found in the collection of isolates, and these were in approximately equal proportions. Although structures linked to a sexual state of the fungus have not been found, sexual reproduction is theoretically possible and could explain the high genetic diversity in the pathogen that must have been accidentally introduced into Malaysia. This is the first record of T. destructans in Sabah and, to the best of our knowledge, in also other parts of Borneo.
Significant higher‐level C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 and chemotactic power in cerebral white matter than grey matter in rat and human
Authors: Zhang Jingdong , Gong Xinrui , Xiong Huangui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent observations indicate that cerebral white matter (WM) exhibits a higher chemoattractant capability for immune cells. The C‐C motif chemokine ligands 2 and 3 (CCL2, CCL3) are key chemokines for monocytes and T cells. However, tissue differential of these chemokines is unclear, although the higher CCL2/3 mRNA levels were found in rodent WM. It has been shown that more immune cells infiltrated to WM than to grey matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV)‐infected brains. More nodular lesions have also been identified in the WM of patients with MS or HIV/SIV encephalitis. We hypothesize that higher levels of CCL2/3 in the WM may associate with neuropathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we compared CCL2 and CCL3 peptide levels in WM and GM of rat and human, and found both were significantly higher in the WM. Next, we tested the effect of CCL2 on primary rat microglia migration and observed a dose‐dependent migratory pattern. Then, we assessed effects of WM and GM homogenates on microglia chemotaxis and observed significant stronger effects of WM than GM in a concentration‐dependent manner. The concentration‐dependent pattern of tissue homogenates on chemotaxis was similar to the effect of CCL2. Finally, we found the chemoattractant effects of WM on microglia were significantly attenuated by addition of a CCL2 receptor blocker to culture medium and a neutralizing antibody against CCL3 functional motif in the WM homogenate. Taking together, these results suggest that CCL2/3 played significant roles in the microglia chemotaxis toward WM homogenate.
Modeling expenditure differentials of international tourists by targeted utility: A synthesized theoretical and quantile decomposition approach
Authors: Alfarhan Usamah F. , Nusair Khaldoon , Al‐Azri Hamed , Al‐Muharrami Saeed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces conditional counterfactual quantile decomposition methods to the literature on tourism consumption, where observed expenditure differentials are directly referred to differences in tourists’ targeted utility. Decomposition terms are synthesized with the neoclassical framework of utility‐constrained expenditure minimization, such that their interpretations do not rely on the approximation of tourists’ preferences by typical socioeconomic expenditure determinants. Using survey data from an underrepresented sun, sea, and sand destination, we show that differences in tourists’ targeted utility prior to the trip translate exclusively into higher quantities demanded of consumption‐related antecedents, as opposed to higher prices paid by high utility‐targeting tourists. The paper suggests that decomposition analysis may guide profit maximization in the tourism industry.
Cellular and molecular changes that predispose skin in chronic spinal cord injury to pressure ulcer formation
Authors: Brunner Georg , Roux Meike , Böhm Volker , Meiners Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatients with spinal cord injury have a predisposition to develop pressure ulcers. Specific characteristics of the patients' skin potentially involved have not yet been identified. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether loss of neuronal control affects cellular and molecular homeostasis in the skin. Intact afflicted skin, wound edge of pressure ulcers, and control skin were analysed. Platelets, transforming growth factor‐β1, and activin A were identified by immunohistochemistry. Transforming growth factor‐β‐like activity was determined by bioassay, and gene expression by DNA microarray analysis or RT‐PCR. In afflicted skin, enhanced platelet extravasation was detected. Transforming growth factor‐β1 and activin A accumulated in the dermal‐epidermal junction zone. Transforming growth factor‐β‐like activity and activin A expression were increased in intact afflicted skin (compared to control skin) and were further enhanced in pressure ulcers. In vitro, activity was generated by fibroblast‐epithelial cell interactions, which also induced activin A. Thus, loss of neuronal control in spinal cord injury appears to trigger inappropriate wound healing processes in the patients' skin. Plasma leakage and increased transforming growth factor‐β‐like activity combined with shear forces potentially enhance the risk for pressure ulcer formation.
Construction of Bi2Fe4O9/red phosphorus heterojunction for rapid and efficient photo‐reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Zhu Enquan , Zhao Shuxian , Du Hong , Ma Yuhua , Qi Kezhen , Guo Cangchen , Su Zhi , Wang Xin , Wu Zhende , Wang Zhuanhu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConstruction of heterojunctions with matching energy band structures between two semiconductors displays great potential in promoting the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and is one of the effective strategies for obtaining high active photocatalysts. In this study, a type‐II heterojunction photocatalyst was designed and prepared using Bi2Fe4O9 (BFO) nanoparticles and hydrothermal‐treated red phosphorus (HRP). The photocatalytic performance test exhibited that the 3%BFO/HRP composite photocatalyst with 3% mass fraction of BFO rapidly and efficiently photoreduced Cr(VI), and the reduction was completed within 25 min, with a rate constant of 0.15 min−1, which was 15 times higher than that of pure HRP. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the photocatalytic activity was enhanced due to the tight heterojunction between BFO and HRP, thereby effectively promoting carrier transfer, destroying the carrier recombination, and reducing the charge‐transfer resistance of composite catalyst. Mott–Schottky diagrams and UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data indicated the theoretical feasibility of establishing a close contact between BFO and HRP. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided evidence for the way in which interfacial charges were transferred. This work provides a new possibility to construct heterojunction photocatalysts for the rapid and efficient reduction of Cr(VI).
Belonging and reciprocity amongst people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic methodological review
Authors: Fulton Lauren , Kinnear Deborah , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial inclusion has been explored using a wide range of theories and methods. Belonging and reciprocity have been identified as key components of social inclusion. This systematic methodological review identifies and evaluates the theoretical frameworks and qualitative approaches adopted to explore belonging and reciprocity in the lives of adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodA systematic search was conducted across ten databases. Screening and quality appraisal were carried out independently by two researchers, and data were extracted to provide detailed accounts of the theories and methods employed.ResultsSeventeen papers met inclusion criteria. Clear conceptualisations of belonging and reciprocity were lacking, and these concepts were rarely the focus of the research. Theoretical and methodological shortcomings across this literature were identified and discussed.ConclusionsMore nuanced conceptualisations of belonging and reciprocity may be helpful in future research, to better capture the context and meaning of individual lives and relationships.
Complex patterns of Gondwanan biogeography revealed in a dispersal‐limited arachnid
Authors: Derkarabetian Shahan , Baker Caitlin M. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimWe explore the biogeographic history of the Gondwanan lineage Triaenonychidae, a dispersal‐limited arachnid taxon that underwent a recent taxonomic revision based on phylogenomic data. We explicitly test hypotheses related to a biogeographical pattern of ‘common vicariance, rare dispersal’, predicted for dispersal‐limited taxa.LocationContinental landmasses of former temperate Gondwanan terranes (southern South America, southern Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia).TaxonTriaenonychidae, Opiliones, Arachnida.MethodsUtilizing a recently published phylogenomic data set based on ultra‐conserved elements, we conduct Bayesian divergence dating analyses, ancestral area estimation in a likelihood model testing framework, and analyses of macroevolutionary dynamics. Results are correlated with geological history and palaeoclimate reconstructions to infer biogeographic history and distribution.ResultsWe find that divergence dates of ancestral Triaenonychidae pre‐date continental breakup of Gondwana and could be attributed to palaeoclimatic differentiation across Gondwana. There is evidence for two separate expansion routes that span eastern and western Gondwana corresponding to northern warmer climate and southern cooler climate lineages. Many divergences across intercontinental lineages coincide with the timing of continental fragmentation, supporting vicariance as a dominant force. However, some lineages are supported as obvious examples of rare long‐distance dispersal. Biogeographic results support the predicted pattern of common vicariance and rare dispersal for these dispersal‐limited organisms.Main conclusionsVicariance due to continental fragmentation was important in the early diversification of Triaenonychidae. Their unique combination and degrees of dispersal ability and microhabitat preference resulted in complex phylogenetic patterns of geographic distribution not typically seen in other animal taxa. Examining biogeographic patterns across recent studies of arachnid taxa with varying dispersal ability, it is clear that biological characteristics play an important role in the relative importance of dispersal and vicariance (dispersal–vicariance continuum) for any given taxon and can be useful in forming testable a priori hypotheses.
Agglomerated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder: Optimization of top spray fluidized bed agglomeration conditions
Authors: Atalar İlyas , Kurt Abdullah , Saricaoğlu Furkan Türker , Gül Osman , Gençcelep Hüseyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgglomeration process improves instant properties of powders and increases consumer appreciation, reduces losses during production, and facilitates the processability of these powders in the industry. Mushroom powders (MP) have been subjected to agglomeration process at different process parameters: inlet air temperature (50–80°C), atomizing pressure (0.5–1.5 bars), and sprayed pure water amount (20–50 g) and the effects of process parameters on the physical and morphological properties of MP were investigated. The inlet air temperature and pure water amount have a linear effect on moisture content, apparent density, particle size, and porosity. Emulsion stability index was affected by inlet air temperature and atomization pressure. The optimal process condition (70°C inlet temperature 0.5 bar atomizing pressure and 50 g pure water amount) was determined for minimization of moisture content, wetting time, as well as maximation of particle size, porosity, emulsifying and foaming properties, and solubility. The results suggested that improving instant and physical properties make easier the processability of these powders in the industry and increased emulsifying properties show a good opportunity for usage of agglomerated MP in the emulsion systems.Practical ApplicationsThis study showed the effects of the agglomeration process on the physicochemical, morphological, instant, and emulsifying properties of mushroom powders. The improvement of these properties makes it possible to increase the application areas of mushroom powders as a food additive in different food formulas and emulsified products.
Simulation of Hurricane Harvey flood event through coupled hydrologic‐hydraulic models: Challenges and next steps
Authors: Dullo Tigstu T. , Gangrade Sudershan , Morales‐Hernández Mario , Sharif Md Bulbul , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Kalyanapu Alfred J. , Ghafoor Sheikh , Evans Katherine J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing the 2017 Hurricane Harvey flood event as a test case, this study set up a series of sensitivity analyses to highlight three challenges associated with large‐scale flood inundation modeling, including (a) model parameterization, (b) errors in digital elevation models, and (c) effects of reservoir retention. Driven by radar‐based hourly rainfall data, a series of hydrologic‐hydraulic models including the VIC hydrologic model, RAPID routing model, and Flood2D‐GPU hydrodynamic model are set up over Harris County, Texas, to simulate flood inundation and hazards. The results demonstrate the importance of hydrologic parameters in improving flood modeling. For a large flood event such as Hurricane Harvey, the effect of the initial water depths is insignificant. The Manning's n values may increase the peak water depth by ~1%, the flood extents by 65km2, and the high danger zone by ~6%. On the contrary, the bathymetry correction factors may reduce the flood extent by ~1.4% and the high‐danger zone by ~4%. Reducing the reservoir storage capacity to 1% may increase the flood extent by ~4% and the high‐danger zone by ~17%. This study may provide supporting information to guide and prioritize the development of future high‐performance computing hydrodynamic large‐scale flood simulations.
Effect of Fas/FasL signaling pathway activation in trophoblasts on recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Xu Qiuxia , Yao Qicen , Huang Sujing , Xu Lin , Guan Hongqiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Fas/FasL in human villous trophoblast cell HTR8‐S/Vneo of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and to explore the related function and molecular mechanism of Fas/FasL signaling pathway.MethodsThe expression levels of FasL, Fas, and E‐cadherin in the villous tissues of patients with RSA and those with artificial abortion in normal pregnancy (Normal) were detected by Western blot. CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and wound healing were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and cell migration ability. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of Notch1, FasL, Fas, E‐cadherin, PKC, Hesl, sFlt‐1, VEGF.ResultsCompared with normal group, the protein expression of FasL, Fas, and E‐cadherin in villous tissues of RSA group were increased. HTR‐8/SVneo cells in the H/R group had decreased proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis, and up‐regulated ROS level compared with the Control group. The activation of Fas/FasL signaling pathway promoted HTR‐8/SVneo cell injury in H/R group compared with the Fas/FasL+H/R group. Further RT‐qPCR and Western blot experiments revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1, PKC, and Hesl were decreased in H/R group compared with Control group, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of E‐cadherin, sFlt‐1, and VEGF were significantly increased.ConclusionThe activation of Fas/FasL signaling pathway promotes trophoblast apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. This molecular mechanism relates to the inhibition of Notch1 signaling pathway activation, and the up‐regulation of E‐cadherin, sFlt‐1, and VEGF expression.