bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic balance by cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase in human placenta (911.10)
Authors: Ni Xin , Hu Tianxiao , He Ping , Gu Hang 
Published: June 2021

Imbalance release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factor from placenta causes maternal endothelial dysfunction which is main manifestation of preeclampsia(PE). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) “the third endogenous gaseous signaling transmitter”, has been shown to have a pro‐angiogenic effect. We investigated whether H2S modulate the release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in human placentas. It was found that H2S synthesis enzymes cystathionine β‐synthase(CBS) and cystathionine γ‐lyase(CSE) were expressed in human placenta. The levels of CBS and CSE positively correlated with the levels of agiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and inversely correlated to antiangiogenic factor soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1(sFlt‐1) in placentas. H2S precursor L‐cysteine significantly increased VEGFA release whereas decreased sFlt‐1 release in cultured placental explants andd placental trophoblasts. The effects of H2S precursor could be reversed by siRNA of CBS and CSE. Moreover, H2S decreased miR‐200c which target VEGF and increased miR‐133b which target sFlt‐1. The level of miR‐200c was significantly increased whereas miR‐133b decreased in PE placentas. Our results suggest that H2S is an important factor that maintains the balance of proangiogenic factor VEGFA and antiangiogenic factor sFlt‐1 in placenta. Reduced H2S generation in placentas leads to imbalance release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factor from placenta.Grant Funding Source: Natural Science Fundation of China No.81370734
Assessment of LH, FSH and prolactin levels of patients for IVF treatment in selected fertility clinics in Port Harcourt metropolis (911.14)
Authors: Onwuka Francis , Onwuka Adaora , Efenovwe Maureen 
Published: June 2021

The study was designed to determine the levels of endocrine hormones such as LH, (FSH) and prolactin in women attending In vitro fertility clinics. Sixty (60) women were used for the study. Fasting blood samples were collected on day two of their menstrual cycle, and serum hormone (FSH, LH and Prolactin) concentrations analyzed by ELISA method with automated micro plate reader. The subjects were married for at least two years; and were within the child bearing age of 35‐44years. Out of 60 patients examined, 29 (48.3%) had normal hormonal concentrations, 31(51.7%) had elevated hormone levels represented as follows:3(5%) had elevated levels of LH,FSH and prolactin,1(1.7%) had elevated level of LH and prolactin,6(10%) had elevated levels of FSH only with normal concentrations of LH and prolactin, 2(3.3%) had elevated levels of FSH and LH with normal prolactin level, 23(38.3%) had elevated levels of prolactin,19(31.7%) showed elevated levels of prolactin with normal levels of LH and FSH. The results obtained were compared with standard values. The result showed a high incidence (38.3%) of hyperprolactinaemia which has been identified by several other researchers as one of the major causes of infertility .From this result, hormonal evaluation is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility cases. .Grant Funding Source: none
Different effects of isoflavones genistein and daidzein on the endometrial epithelial tight junction barrier (911.15)
Authors: Poonyachoti Sutthasinee , Kiatprasert Pongpat , Buathong Norathee , Srisomboon Yosawee , Deachapunya Chatsri 
Published: June 2021

Genistein (Ge) and daidzein (Di), the active isoflavones primarily found in soybean, have various beneficial health effects. The present study aims to investigate the effects of these isoflavones on tight junction (TJ) barrier integrity in immortalized endometrial epithelial cells (IMM). Expressions of the TJ integrity markers, zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and claudins (cldn)‐1, ‐3, ‐4, ‐7 and ‐8 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) by voltohmmeter. Treatment with Ge (10 nM or 1 μM) for 48 h increased the TER, and this was correlated with the mRNA expression of cldn‐3 and/or ZO‐1. However, low dose of Ge (0.1 nM) decreased both the TER and the expression of cldn‐3 and/or ZO‐1. Di did not alter the expression of the TJ proteins. Our results suggest that genistein increases barrier function possibly via the expression of cldn‐3 and ZO‐1. This represents an important protective role of genistein against endometrial barrier disturbance.Grant Funding Source: Chulalongkorn University Research Fund and Srinakharinwirot University Research Fund
Clinically asymptomatic hypothyroidism secondary to hypercortisolism in Wistar rats (911.3)
Authors: Novais Renata , Fonseca Fabrícia , Laureano‐Melo Roberto , Araújo Iracema , Seara Fernando , Mecawi Andre , Silva Alba , Reis Luis 
Published: June 2021

Hypothyroidism is the result of inadequate production of thyroid hormone or inadequate action of thyroid hormone in target tissues. Hypothyroidism can be seen secondary to hyperadrenocorticism with an overlapping clinical signs. We intend to demonstrate that clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism secondary to hyperadrenocorticism can be undetectable even if there is already evidence of hormonal disease. Male Wistar rats (~ 280g, n = 7) were submitted to daily subcutaneous administration of 200µg of adrenocorticotropic hormone (0.2ml ACTH 1‐24 synthetic 1mg/ml) or vehicle (NaCl 0,9% 0.2ml) for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, were obtained the values of plasmatic thyroid hormones (TH): T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) by chemiluminescence method; serum corticosterone, TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) and hypothalamic and pituitary type 2 deiodinase (D2) by radioimmunoassay technique. ACTH group obtained significant elevated level of corticosterone (p < 0.05) and low levels of HT (p < 0.0001). Despite, TSH levels showed no significant difference between groups, ie, compatible with hypothyroidism secondary to hypercortisolism. Additionally, D2 levels showed no significant differences between groups, demonstrating that those tissues did not represent important sources of reducing HT in our protocol. Although it has been demonstrated hormonal difference between the groups, no clinical signs were detected in ACTH group. These data suggest that the lack of symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism in this protocol can be attributed to early of the syndrome, once hormone values could be able to confirm both diseases.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ, CNPq and CAPES
Regional and temporal regulation of prostaglandin E2 receptor expression: a role for decidual activation in term labor (911.7)
Authors: Vinturache Angela , Mosher Andrea , Wood Stephen , Slater Donna 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess if expression of prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) are spatially or temporally regulated in decidua with labour onset.Methods: Decidua biopsies from caesarean section deliveries, of labouring (TL) and non‐labouring (TNL) women and from both upper (US) and lower segment (LS) regions of the uterus were collected (n=12/group). Real‐time RT‐PCR was used to quantify levels of EP1‐4 gene expression.Results: All four EPs are expressed in US and LS decidua. Expression of EP1, EP2, and EP4 is higher in LS compared to US in TNL decidua, but did not change with labor initiation. In contrast, EP3 was significantly higher than the other EP receptors in both US and LS in TNL decidua. The EP3 mRNA levels decrease in LS but not US decidua with labor initiation.Conclusions: The presence of four EP receptor subtypes within the decidua in labouring and non‐labouring women suggests that prostaglandin E2 plays an active biological role during pregnancy and labour via differential EP interaction. Our observation that EP3 levels change with labor onset suggests that EP3 are the predominant mediators of PGE2 activity in the decidua at term. These findings on differential EP regulation in decidua with labour are important for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern uterine contractility and quiescence.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research and Alberta Innovates‐Health Solutions
Regulation of renal Cry2 expression by the circadian clock protein Per1 (912.12)
Authors: All Sean , Richards Jacob , Gumz Michelle 
Published: June 2021

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the circadian clock plays a critical role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. We have shown that the circadian protein Per1 regulates expression of several genes involved in the regulation of renal sodium reabsorption. We have previously demonstrated that Per1 may act through repression of the canonical circadian repressor Cry2, preventing its repression of Per1 target genes (Richards et al. AJP Reg 2013). In this study, we show that Per1 knockdown in vitro or in vivo results in increased levels of Cry2. Recent work by our lab has also demonstrated that reduced levels of Per1 in vivo is associated with decreased levels of plasma aldosterone and increased levels of Cry2 in the adrenal gland (Richards et al. AJP Renal 2013). In order to enter the nucleus, Per1 must be phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 δ/ε (CK1δ/ε). Our previous work has demonstrated that CK1δ/ε inhibition in vitro recapitulates the effect of Per1 knockdown, including up regulation of Cry2 (Richards et al. AJP Renal 2012). However, the effect of in vivo CK1δ/ε inhibition on Cry2 has not been tested. Wild type 129/sv mice were injected with vehicle or the CK1δ/ε inhibitor, PF670462. Mice were euthanized at midnight and kidneys were harvested and dissected into renal cortex and inner medulla. RNA and nuclear protein were isolated. Western blot analysis confirmed that CK1δ/ε inhibition resulted in decreased nuclear Per1 levels. QPCR demonstrated, for the first time, increased Cry2 mRNA in both renal cortex and inner medulla in CK1δ/ε inhibitor treated animals versus vehicle treated animals. These results are consistent with our previous in vitro data in which Per1 represses Cry2.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, American Heart Association, and American Society of Nephrology
A deep fascia exists in the midface: the missing plane coming from the temporal region (913.4)
Authors: Andretto Amodeo Chiara , Innocenti Alessandro , Casasco Andrea , Barker Daniel , Keller Gregory 
Published: June 2021

Objective of the study: to demonstrate that the deep temporal fascia is connected to the muscles of the infraorbital prezygomatic area and that a deep fascial layer exists in the midface.Methods: 24 hemifaces of 14 caucasian cadavers were dissected. Skin was incised over the temporal and prezygomatic area. The temporoparietal fascia and the Smas layer were dissected and reflected. The superficial sheet of the deep temporal fascia was incised and elevated.In 4 specimens full thickness biopsies were harvested at the level of the zygomatic bones, in the area between the temporal region and the prezygomatic region and observed after cryopreservation.Results: In 12 specimens dissections showed a continuous layer of fascia coming from the temporal area: the superficial sheet of the deep temporal fascia reached directly the prezygomatic area. In 16 specimens the superficial sheet of the deep temporal fascia inserted at the level of the zygomatic as classically described and continued, after inserting, over the prezygomatic area.In all specimens this deep fascial layer devided the fat deep to the orbicularis oculi muscle into 2 layers (suborbicularis oculi and preperiosteal fat) and the deepest one was on the same plane of the temporal fat pad.Histologic examination confirmed the surgical findings: a continuous layer coming from the temporal region reaches the prezygomatic area and devides the fat deep to the orbicularis oculi muscle into 2 layers.Conclusions: A deep fascial plane connected to the superficial sheet of the deep temporal fascia exists in the midface and devides the fat deep to the orbicularis oculi muscle into 2 layers. It can either continue directly from the temporal area or insert over the zygomatic bone and then reach the prezygomatic area. The temporal fat pad situated between the superficial and the deep temporal sheet can be compared to the deep fat layer below the orbicularis oculi muscle.
Experimental model of Achilles tendon injury in rats (914.10)
Authors: Akamatsu Flávia , Teodoro Walcy , Saleh Samir , Silva Alexandre , Hojaij Flávio , Martinez Carlos , Andrade Mauro , Jacomo Alfredo 
Published: June 2021

Background: Injuries to tendons are among the most common injuries to the body. To determine whether a proposed animal tendon injury model is appropriate, some conditions must be met. First, the correct anatomic structure must be modeled and the desired pathologic condition must be simulated.Purpose: To describe an experimental model to study Achilles tendon healing.Methods: Forty male Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage adult male weighing 250 to 300 g were used for this experiment and thirty were surgically submitted to bilateral partial transverse section of the Achilles tendon. The right tendon was treated with RF whereas the left tendon served as control. On the third postoperative day, the rats were divided into four experimental groups consisting of ten rats each which were treated with monopolar RF (Tonederm™) adjusted to 650 kHz and 2w, for two minutes twice a week and a group of normal animals without any intervention, until they were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 28th days, respectively. Tendons were weighed and collagen quantification was evaluated by hidroxyprolin content.Results: Significant reduction in collagen content on day 7, 14 and 28 was related to control experiment to normal tendon (7 days, p<0.01; 14 e 28 days, p<0.05).Conclusion: The experimental model has been effective and available to be used to study Achilles tendon healing.
Radiofrequency promotes more collagen synthesis than low level laser in experimental tendineous lesion (914.4)
Authors: Akamatsu Flávia , Teodoro Walcy , Saleh Samir , Hojaij Flávio , Camillo Gina , Martinez Carlos , Andrade Mauro , Jacomo Alfredo 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Tendon injuries are common consequences of sports trauma and costly in terms of surgery and rehabilitation. Several therapeutic approaches have been employed to repair the tendon fibrilar matrix and restore its function. We compared the action of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Radiofrequency (RF) after experimental lesions in rats.METHODS: Sixty adult male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were submitted to bilateral partial transverse section of the calcaneous tendon. On the third postoperative day, the rats were divided into three experimental groups consisting of ten rats each which the right tendon were treated with LLLT (Konf, Aculas ‐ HB 750) and other three treated with monopolar RF (Tonederm™). The rats were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 28th days. The total amount of collagen synthesized was assessed through 4‐hidroxyprolin content. The left tendon served as control in all groups.RESULTS: Collagen content in the lesions did not change at the end of the first four weeks of treatment irrespective of the method employed, even compared to controls. However RF was more effective to promote collagen synthesis than LLLT and controls after 7 (p< 0.0001) and 14 days (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: RF increases collagen production in the first two weeks of treatment whereas LLLT does not. Further evaluation to ascertain the importance of this fact in the healing process in experimental tendon lesions is needed.
The prevalence of cryptorchidism among male infants of Nigerian population: a case study of Imo State (915.1)
Authors: Ihentuge Churchill , Ugochukwu Chioma 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Cryptorchidism or undescended testes is one of the most frequent developmental abnormalities in males and may be a prominent cause of infertility in men. It is a condition in which one or both testes are not fully descended to the scrotum.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of cryptorchidism in male infants of Imo State Nigeria.METHOD: This study took place in the three geographical zones of Imo state between July 2010 and June 2013. Three thousand five hundred and thirty three (3533) male infants were randomly selected for this study. Consent and ethical clearance was obtained. The subjects were carefully examined clinically for this anomaly. The birth weight, gestational age, history of pregnancy, parental education and occupation was considered. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software.RESULTS: The prevalence of cryptorchidism in this study was 1.53%. 16.68% of cases were bilateral while 38.88% and 44.44% occurred on the right and left sides respectively. 68% of cases were not palpable, 14% were palpated around the inguinal region while 22% were found on the suprascrotal area. There is no significant difference between one geographical zone and another (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cryptorchidism in this study is 1.53%. Birth weight and maternal health were contributory but the maternal education and occupation as well as geographical distribution was not implicated.
Duplicate caudate lobe of liver with oblique fissure and hypoplastic left lobe of liver (915.2)
Authors: Singh Rajani 
Published: June 2021

The aim of study is to report a new anatomical variant of human liver and associated clinical significance. During routine dissection of abdomen, a liver of 55 year aged male cadaver was found to have multiple anomalies. Measurements of shape and size of these anomalies were taken.The caudate lobe was uncommonly duplicated by a angular fissure of length 2.5 cm and an oblique fissure of length 2 cm on this lobe placed inferiorly was also observed in this specimen. There was vertical furrow of length 6 cm and depth 2 mm on the right lateral surface of liver besides above malformations. The left lobe of liver was hypoplastic. These are new variants in the normal morphology of liver.These anomalies are of paramount importance to clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of hepatic diseases, anatomists and morphologists for variant morphology, embryologists for new developmental defect and radiologists for misinterpretation of images of liver.
Y‐chromosome amelogenin isoform peptides found in mature dental enamel (918.1)
Authors: Gerlach Raquel , Molina Gabriela , Issa Joao , Sosovicka Mark , Line Sergio , Vieira Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

The dental enamel is the hardest and most calcified tissue in the human body, and most of its structure is unaltered during the time the teeth stay in mouth. The best known enamel specific structural proteins are amelogenin, ameloblastin and enamelin. The ability to recover proteins has enormous value in many fields where the study of proteins preserved from the past could give specific information on diet, life style, and even of biochemical evolution of the proteins themselves, since such information is not encoded in the DNA. So far, only X‐chromosome amelogenin peptides (AMELX) were recovered from mature enamel. Since amelogenin is encoded in the X and Y chromosomes in humans, peptides specific for the Y chromosome might exist in the mature enamel, but they have never been found. In this study we aimed at recovering peptides from male and female teeth, with the objectives of 1) finding Y‐encoded amelogenin peptides (if expressed at all, which is not known at the protein level) and 2) describing the aminoacid sequences of mature dental enamel peptides. Results showed that the Y‐specific amelgonenin (AMELY) sequence WYQSMIRPPY is found in male teeth and that with the enamel etch technique used here followed by nLC/MS/MS, dozens of peptides that are specific for enamel proteins were found (3 AMELX isoforms, 1 AMELY isoform, ameloblastin and enamelin).This report opens a myriad of possibilities for studying both present and long‐gone species, since dental enamel is a well preserved repository where such peptides can be detected.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP (Brazil)
Concurrent growth of the skull and aerodigestive tract of human infants: setting a protocol for study (918.25)
Authors: Curcio Daniella , Micham Brittni , Reidenberg Joy , Laitman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

Vital changes in form and function occur globally in the head and, particularly, in the aerodigestive tract (ADT) in the first months of human postnatal life. This study aims to determine reproducible and readily ascertainable measures that track developmental skull/ADT proportions so as to facilitate better clinical care (eg, endotracheal tube size/placement) and increase recognition of underlying conditions (eg, obstructive sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndrome). We focus here on determining the protocol’s design, prioritizing functional relevance, precision of reading, and ease in assessment. Our hypothesis is that there are correlations between skull and ADT that develop with regularity and, thus, predictability. Our target population will be infants 0‐4 months accessed via MRI and measurements will include those in mid‐sagittal (MS) and axial planes (AP). In the MS plane we will access length and height parameters (eg. ADT length) and determine the level of structures’ position in the neck in relation to the hard palate plane (eg. thyroid level). In AP we will access width and depth measurements (eg. maxillary arch width and depth). It is anticipated that resultant normograms may contribute to the understanding of possible causation between development and growth of head and neck structures.Grant Funding Source: Supported by American Association of Anatomists, grant: AAA Short Term Visiting Scholarship
First detailed comparative, developmental and pathological analysis of the relationship between limb soft and hard tissues: muscle configuration is mainly related to the topological position, and not the anlage and/or homeotic identity, of digits (919.5)
Authors: Diogo Rui , Walsh Sean , Smith Christopher , Ziermann Janine 
Published: June 2021

In the last decades evolutionary developmental biologists have studied the ontogeny of hard and soft tissues in model organisms such as chicken, axolotl, frogs and mice. However, very few researchers have undertaken detailed analyses about the specific relationships between the soft and hard tissues of the tetrapod limbs and particularly of their autopodia (hand/foot) and zeugopodia (forearm/leg). We have therefore addressed this subject by using a wide range of different techniques in a broad taxonomic sample, including developmental and regenerative studies of GFP salamanders, ontogenetic studies of wildtype frogs, comparative studies of all major groups of tetrapods, and dissections of humans with birth defects involving polydactyly and digit reduction. Interestingly, our results show that in almost all cases of both wildtype and non‐wildtype non‐pentadactyly the identity and configuration of muscles is actually highly predictable and is mainly related to the topological position of the digits (e.g., by being the most ulnar/fibular, or instead the most radial/tibial digits) to which the muscles insert, and not to the ontogenetic anlage from which the digits develop or even the homeotic identity of each digit. We will discuss various case studies illustrating this point, and discuss the broader implications of our results for evolutionary, comparative and developmental biology and for human medicine.Grant Funding Source: Faculty Start‐Up Package, Howard University College of Medicine