bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T2/FLAIR Abnormity Could Be the Early Sign of Glioblastoma Dissemination
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Huang Wei , Chen Hongyan , Jiang Haihui , Yang Chuanwei , Shen Shaoping , Zhang Xiaokang , Zhao Xuzhe , Zhu Qinghui , Li Ming , Dong Gehong , Cui Yong , Ren Xiaohui , Lin Song 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeNewly emerged or constantly enlarged contrast-enhancing (CE) instead of T2/FLAIR lesions were the necessary sign for the diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) progression. This study aimed to investigate whether the T2/FLAIR abnormal transformation could predict and assess progression for GBMs, especially for dissemination. MethodsA consecutive cohort of 246 de novo GBM with regular follow-up and sufficient radiological data were included in this study. The series of T2/FLAIR, T1CE images were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were separated into T2/FLAIR and T1CE discordant and accordant subgroups based on the initial progression images.ResultsA total of 170 qualified patients were finally analyzed. The incidence of discordant T2/FLAIR and T1CE images was 25.9% (44/170). The median time of T2/FLAIR indicated tumor progression was 119.5 days (ranging from 57 days-unreached) prior to T1CE. Nearly half of patients (20/44, 45.5%) in discordant subgroup suffered from tumor dissemination, substantially higher than accordant patients (23/126, 20.6%, P<0.001). The median time to progression (TTP), post-progression survival (PPS), and overall survival (OS) were not statistically different (all P>0.05) between discordant and accordant patients. Conclusions T2/FLAIR abnormity could be the early sign of GBM progression, especially for newly emerged lesions disseminated from the primary cavity. Physicians should cast more attention on the dynamic change of T2/FLAIR images for progression assessment and subsequent clinical decision-making.
Smoothing age/time structure of HIV prevalence, for optimal use in synthetic cohort based incidence estimation
Authors: Mhlanga Laurette , Eduard Grebe , Welte Alex 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPopulation-based surveys which ascertain HIV status are conducted in heavily affected countries, with the estimation of incidence being a primary goal. Numerous methods exist under the umbrella of ‘synthetic cohort analysis’, by which we mean estimating incidence from the age/time structure of prevalence (given knowledge on mortality). However, not enough attention has been given to how serostatus data is ‘smoothed’ into a time/age-dependent prevalence, so as to optimise the estimation of incidence.MethodsTo support this and other related investigations, we developed a comprehensive simulation environment in which we simulate age/time structured SI type epidemics and surveys. Scenarios are flexibly defined by demographic rates (fertility, incidence and mortality – dependent, as appropriate, on age, time, and time-since-infection) without any reference to underlying causative processes/parameters. Primarily using 1) a simulated epidemiological scenario inspired by what is seen in the hyper-endemic HIV affected regions, and 2) pairs of cross-sectional surveys, we explored A) options for extracting the age/time structure of prevalence so as to optimise the use of the formal incidence estimation framework of Mahiane et al, and B) aspects of survey design such as the interaction of epidemic details, sample-size/sampling-density and inter-survey interval.ResultsMuch as in our companion piece which crucially investigated the use of ‘recent infection’ (whereas the present analysis hinges fundamentally on the estimation of the prevalence gradient) we propose a ‘one size fits most’ process for conducting ‘synthetic cohort’ analyses of large population survey data sets, for HIV incidence estimation: fitting a generalised linear model for prevalence, separately for each age/time point where an incidence estimate is desired, using a ‘moving window’ data inclusion rule. Overall, even in very high incidence settings, sampling density requirements are onerous.ConclusionThe general default approach we propose for fitting HIV prevalence to data as a function of age and time appears to be broadly stable over various epidemiological stages. Particular scenarios of interest, and the applicable options for survey design and analysis, can readily be more closely investigated using our approach. We note that it is often unrealistic to expect even large household based surveys to provide meaningful incidence estimates outside of priority groups like young women, where incidence is often particularly high.
New species and additional records of Leptusa from the Palaearctic region, with a focus on the faunas of China and the Caucasus region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: Assing Volker 
Published: October 2021

Eleven species of Leptusa Kraatz, 1858 are described and illustrated: Leptusa (Aphaireleptusa) excisa spec. nov. (China: Shaanxi: Qinling Shan); L. (A.) grandipennis spec. nov. (China: Sichuan: Songpan env.); L. (A.) gonggana spec. nov. (China: Sichuan: Gongga Shan); L. (A.) habana spec. nov. (China: Yunnan: Haba Shan); L. (A.) auriculata spec. nov. (China: Yunnan: Diancang Shan); L. (Drepanoleptusa) emeiana spec. nov. (China: Sichuan: Emei Shan); L. (D.) jizuica spec. nov. (China: Yunnan: Jizu Shan); L. (D.) desculpens spec. nov. (China: Yunnan: Dawei Shan); L. (Chondrelytropisalia) procera spec. nov. (China: Sichuan: Songpan env.); L. (Yunnaleptusa) monscangi spec. nov. (China: Yunnan: Diancang Shan); L. (Chondrelytropisalia) pathibarana spec. nov. (Nepal: Taplejung district). One synonymy is proposed: Leptusa (Drepanoleptusa) emplenotoides Assing, 2006 = Leptusa (Aphaireleptusa) zhongdianensis Pace, 2010, syn. nov. Leptusa jinfomontis Pace, 2001 (previously in Nesopisalia Pace, 1992) and L. calliceroides Assing, 2004 (previously incertae sedis) are moved to the subgenus Drepanoleptusa Pace, 1982. An updated catalogue of the Leptusa species recorded from China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong is provided. The Leptusa fauna of this region now includes 73 species and three subspecies in twelve subgenera. Additional records of 22 previously named species are reported from China (eleven species), the Caucasus region (eight), Japan (two), and South Korea (one), among them several new country and regional records. Leptusa is now represented in the Palaearctic region by 418 species and 74 subspecies in 71 subgenera.
Taxonomic acts
Leptusa excisa spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:963E5B3D-F42E-411C-A6A9-F57EBCCA00E5Leptusa grandipennis spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:476EFE09-A2F0-4227-8F55-AEC9D658E159Leptusa gonggana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:063A3FD3-32D8-4F48-AABA-5AB12CF1A686Leptusa habana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:217C5415-9901-4E13-8DD8-3F8AEA4CC8C1Leptusa auriculata spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1812AE30-52FF-498D-B8C2-D600DCAB2724Leptusa emeiana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:963E5B3D-F42E-411C-A6A9-F57EBCCA00E5Leptusa jizuica spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1844B8D-2B3B-4388-933D-F2F98883B6A6Leptusa desculpens spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A3342BAF-F31E-43E6-9636-8250A85FBD97Leptusa procera spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3881039-6537-452F-974C-48BDAFD02762Leptusa monscangi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B2ECDE0-93FD-42BB-BF27-6D7C7B8E38BCLeptusa pathibarana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED968EFF-8133-4318-992C-A4D401C04ADB
Dentofacial changes following treatment with a fixed functional appliance and their three-dimensional effects on the upper airway
Authors: Abdalla Yousef , Kiliaridis Stavros , Sonnesen Liselotte 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Proposed skeletal changes achieved by functional appliances (FA) with reference to stable structures (structural method) have received relatively little attention compared to conventional cephalometric measurements (conventional method). Using the two methods, the aims of this study were to (1) determine the skeletal changes as a result of FA treatment; and (2) identify the skeletal changes associated with upper-airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area (MCA).

Methods
Pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans were selected from 73 FA treated children (37 girls and 36 boys; mean age 12.0 years) and 73 children as a control group (matched for chronological age, skeletal age, gender, and mandibular inclination) who received orthodontic treatment using only fixed appliances (no FA). Skeletal, upper-airway volume, and MCA changes were analysed by applying both structural and conventional methods.

Results
The FA group had significant skeletal effects compared with the control group (both methods; p = 0.04 – p < 0.001). The horizontal displacement of pogonion (both methods) and the hyoid bone, together with a forward mandibular rotation (structural method), had positive effects on upper-airway volume and MCA (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The horizontal changes in pogonion (both methods) and the hyoid bone, as well as a forward mandibular rotation (structural method), have a strong association with changes in the upper airway. The conventional method underestimates FA treatment effects. These results may influence the management of growing class II patients with compromised upper airways.
Pyradoketosite, a new, unexpected, polymorph of Ag3SbS3 from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Bindi Luca , Moëlo Yves , Stanley Christopher J. , Zaccarini Federica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although everything seemed clear about the Ag-Sb-S compounds belonging to one of the more deeply studied experimental systems, nature allowed us to discover a new polymorph of Ag3SbS3, which could represent a compound for assessing new technological potentialities. The new mineral species pyradoketosite, Ag3SbS3 (IMA 2019-132), was discovered in the pyrite + baryte + iron oxide ore deposit of the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as brittle orange acicular crystals, up to 200 μm in length and 25 μm in thickness, with adamantine luster. Under reflected light, pyradoketosite is slightly bluish-gray, with abundant orange internal reflections. Bireflectance is weak, and anisotropism was not observed, being masked by abundant internal reflections. Minimum and maximum reflectance data for the wavelengths recommended by the Commission on Ore Mineralogy [Rmin/Rmax (%) (λ, nm)] are 32.8/32.9 (470), 30.2/30.7 (546), 29.0/29.6 (589), and 27.5/28.4 (650). Electron microprobe analysis gave (mean of 6 spot analyses, in wt%): Ag 59.81, Sb 22.63, S 17.78, total 100.22. On the basis of (Ag+Sb) = 4 atoms per formula unit, the empirical formula of pyradoketosite is Ag2.996(11)Sb1.004(11)S2.996(15). Pyradoketosite is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a = 13.7510(15), b = 6.9350(6), c = 19.555(2) Å, β = 94.807(4)°, V = 1858.3(3) Å3, Z = 12. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R1 = 0.063 on the basis of 2682 unique reflections with Fo &gt; 4σ(Fo) and 191 refined parameters. The structure of pyradoketosite can be described as formed by the alternation of {101} layers: an Sb-rich layer, Sb3AgS3, and two distinct Ag8S6 layers. This layered organization allows identifying structural relationships with the wittichenite-skinnerite pair. Pyradoketosite is associated with pyrargyrite, tetrahedrite-(Hg), valentinite, and probable pyrostilpnite in baryte + dolomite + quartz veins embedded in metadolostone. Its name derives from the old Greek words “πυρ” (fire) and “άδόκητος” (unforeseen), because of the unexpected occurrence of this third polymorph of the compound Ag3SbS3.
Remote sensing inversion characteristic and driving factor analysis of wetland evapotranspiration in the Sanmenxia Reservoir area, China
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Liu Chang , Tan Yiqian , Wang Jie , Du Fei , Han Zhen , Jiang Zhi , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Evapotranspiration in the hydrologic cycle realizes the energy and water transport in the atmosphere. Evapotranspiration differences concerning land-use types provide data for studying the evapotranspiration of river basins. To investigate the evapotranspiration in the reservoir under artificial regulation, we selected the river basin in the Sanmenxia Reservoir as the study area. Data sources are two-period Landsat8 OIL_TIRS remote sensing images during the growing season of wetland plants. Based on meteorological data in this river basin, we investigated the evapotranspiration differences of different land-use types using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land model. The FAO Penman–Monteith formula verified the remote sensing inversion results. Analysis shows that significant differences were manifested between wetland and non-wetland landscapes in evapotranspiration among different land-use types. Non-wetland landscapes accounted for about 97.23% of the river basin's total area, but their daily average evapotranspiration was only 7.26 mm/d. Those of wetland landscapes were 2.77% and 12.17 mm/d. In this river basin, the differences between the wetland and non-wetland landscapes in evapotranspiration are mainly associated with plant diversity, vegetation coverage and surface temperature (beyond other driving factors like meteorological and hydrological solar radiation factors).
Short-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride in bacteria from activated sludge alters the community diversity and the antibiotic resistance profile
Authors: Chacón Luz , Arias-Andres Maria , Mena Freylan , Rivera Luis , Hernández Lorena , Achi Rosario , Garcia Fernando , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The continuous introduction of cleaning products containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) from household discharges can mold the microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a way still poorly understood. In this study, we performed an in vitro exposure of activated sludge from a WWTP in Costa Rica to BAC, quantified the changes in intI1, sul2, and qacE/qacEΔ1 gene profiles, and determined alterations in the bacterial community composition. The analysis of the qPCR data revealed elevated charges of antibiotic resistance genes in the microbial community; after BAC's exposure, a significant increase in the qacE/qacEΔ1 gene, which is related to ammonium quaternary resistance, was observed. The 16S rRNA gene sequences’ analysis showed pronounced variations in the structure of the bacterial communities, including reduction of the alpha diversity values and an increase of the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, particularly of Rhodospseudomonas and Rhodobacter. We confirmed that the microbial communities presented high resilience to BAC at the mg/mL concentration, probably due to constant exposure to this pollutant. They also presented antibiotic resistance-related genes with similar mechanisms to tolerate this substance. These mechanisms should be explored more thoroughly, especially in the context of high use of disinfectant.
Laboratory investigations on the quality of leak tests and visual inspections of wastewater connection pipes carried out by specialist contractors
Authors: Ulutaş S. , Wichern M. , Bosseler B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In addition to stability and operational safety, leak tightness is the permanent functional objective of wastewater pipes. Tests to determine the tightness of wastewater pipes can in some cases produce results that are worthy of discussion. Therefore, laboratory tests were carried out by 29 specialist contractors to obtain results on the quality of leak tests and visual inspections of connection pipes. The results showed that different test errors can be observed for leak test methods (air overpressure, air underpressure and water pressure). However, only in the case of the water pressure tests did the observed test errors occasionally lead to incorrect test results, i.e. the ‘leaking pipe’ was tested as ‘test passed (tight)’. The investigations into the accuracy (trueness and precision) of the test methods showed that all test methods examined were sufficiently accurate to determine the tightness of the connection pipes. In general, correct test results were achieved if the expert testers did not make any serious test errors and the test equipment used functioned properly. In contrast, the investigations on the quality of visual inspection showed that the procedure is not sufficiently reliable to fulfil all normative requirements regarding damage detection and naming as well as damage classification.
Recent progress using membrane aerated biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment
Authors: He Huanqi , Wagner Brett M. , Carlson Avery L. , Yang Cheng , Daigger Glen T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is based on the counter diffusion of the electron donors and acceptors into the biofilm, represents a novel technology for wastewater treatment. When process air or oxygen is supplied, the MBfR is known as the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), which has high oxygen transfer rate and efficiency, promoting microbial growth and activity within the biofilm. Over the past few decades, laboratory-scale studies have helped researchers and practitioners understand the relevance of influencing factors and biological transformations in MABRs. In recent years, pilot- to full-scale installations are increasing along with process modeling. The resulting accumulated knowledge has greatly improved understanding of the counter-diffusional biological process, with new challenges and opportunities arising. Therefore, it is crucial to provide new insights by conducting this review. This paper reviews wastewater treatment advancements using MABR technology, including design and operational considerations, microbial community ecology, and process modeling. Treatment performance of pilot- to full-scale MABRs for process intensification in existing facilities is assessed. This paper also reviews other emerging applications of MABRs, including sulfur recovery, industrial wastewater, and xenobiotics bioremediation, space-based wastewater treatment, and autotrophic nitrogen removal. In conclusion, commercial applications demonstrate that MABR technology is beneficial for pollutants (COD, N, P, xenobiotics) removal, resource recovery (e.g., sulfur), and N2O mitigation. Further research is needed to increase packing density while retaining efficient external mass transfer, understand the microbial interactions occurring, address existing assumptions to improve process modeling and control, and optimize the operational conditions with site-specific considerations.
Gênero feminino: identidade e estereótipo – Dilma Rousseff em seu primeiro mandato
Authors: Ferreira Dina Maria Martins , Pereira Dulce Valente 
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, buscamos analisar a identidade feminina em discursos de Dilma Rousseff, primeiro mandato, tendo em vista, de um lado, os estereótipos históricos da “feminilitude” que valorizam a falocracia, e, de outro, posições de “feminilitude” que valorizam a práxis do feminino, em posição feminista. Para tal, são levantados sentidos linguístico-discursivos com vistas não somente à reprodução de estereótipos históricos, mas também à contestação e ressignificação destes. Nossa análise linguísticodiscursiva prioriza macro-categorias: ethos discursivo, feminilidade e “feminilitude”, cujo propósito é identificar os performativos identitários da “feminilitude”, tais como legitimação e resistência frente a uma ordem social histórica falocrática. E diante desta trincheira, um ethos discursivo se configura por micro-categorias: ruptura, identificação, agenciamento, empoderamento e contestação. Mesmo diante deste quadro teóricocategorial, que privilegia as trincheiras de resistência às ações históricotradicionais, ainda verifica-se a ordem social e as ações históricotradicionais do falocrático.
Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of Newly Modified Amine Analogs
of Phencyclidine in Mice
Authors: Sobhanian Seyed Ali , Shokrollahi Maryam , Samadizadeh Marjaneh , Khalili Mohsen , Ahmadi Abbas 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Phencyclidine (PCP, I) and its substituted analogs are significant and
broadly abused psychotomimetic drugs that affect the central nervous system. They possess many
pharmacological properties due to the presence of specific receptors in the brain.

Aim and Objective:
Methyl group, despite strong electron-donating and characters of dipole moments,
was placed on various positions of phenyl and amine moieties of phencyclidine along with
the substitution of benzylamine, piperazine, and aniline derivatives in place of piperidine ring of
phencyclidine to create novel compounds of the core with analgesic properties.

Material and methods:
For evaluation of the analgesic activities of newly synthesized compounds,
they were screened by tests of tail immersion (thermal) and formalin (chemical) pains. The obtained
data with the control and PCP groups were also compared.

Results:
The outcomes indicated that some new compounds have more antinociceptive effects than
PCP in tail immersion and formalin tests. In the tail immersion test, the methyl piperazine analog
(III) shows more efficacy than others. In the formalin test, none of the compounds are as effective
as phencyclidine at the earliest time-point, but compounds IV and V show effectiveness during the
second stage of formalin pain.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the methyl-piperazine analog of phencyclidine was the best
candidate to decrease acute thermal pain, and benzylamine derivatives were suitable candidates to
reduce chemical pains.
A NOD-Like Receptor Signaling-Based Gene Signature Identified as a
Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Predicting Overall Survival of Colorectal
Cancer Patients
Authors: Qi Xin , Zuo Jiachen , Yan Donghui , Hu Guang , Wang Rui , Chen Jiajia , Fu Jiaolong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal
tract malignant tumor worldwide, which is closely associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis.
Due to high degree of heterogeneity, reliable prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to guide the
therapeutic intervention of CRC patients.

Objective:
The present study aimed to develop a NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) signaling-based gene
signature that can successfully predict the overall survival of CRC patients.

Methods:
Firstly, differentially expressed NLR signaling-related genes were identified between primary
and metastatic human CRC samples. Genes with prognostic value were then screened through univariate
Cox regression analysis. Next, the NLR signaling-based prognostic signature was constructed by
LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis, and its predictive ability was further confirmed in an independent
cohort. Furthermore, functional studies including GO, GSEA, ssGSEA and chemotherapeutic
response analyses were performed to explore the role of the NLR signaling-based signature in CRC
pathogenesis and therapy.

Results:
The established prognostic signature that consisted of 7 NLR signaling-related genes can effectively
stratify the high-risk and low-risk CRC patients in both training and validation cohorts. Moreover,
the signature proved to be an independent indicator of overall survival in CRC patients. Functional annotation
and chemotherapeutic response analyses showed that the signature was closely associated with
immune status and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC patients.

Conclusion:
The novel NLR signaling-based gene signature could serve as a potential tool for survival
prediction and therapeutic evaluation, thereby contributing to the personalized prognostic management
of CRC patients.