bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Nonprofit Organizations Experience Precarious Employment? The Impact of NGO Commercialization
Authors: Mikołajczak Paweł 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine if Polish non-governmental organizations (NGOs) experience the precarious employment and to identify whether the commercialization of NGOs influences this phenomenon. The study confirms that Polish NGOs experience precarious employment. The greater flexibility a given form of employee engagement provides, the greater the number of NGOs using it. Only a small percentage of organizations employ full-time employees. However, the commercialization does not significantly affect precarious employment in NGOs, moreover it does not impact on the employment of contract employees who had previously worked for the organization as volunteers.
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life in heart failure patients: secondary analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rebora Paola , Spedale Valentina , Occhino Giuseppe , Luciani Michela , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Riegel Barbara , Ausili Davide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and lower quality of life (QOL) are associated with worse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. Motivational interview (MI) has been effective in different patient populations to promote self-care. However, its effect on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and QOL in HF patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MI on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and QOL over 12 months from the intervention.

Methods
This was a planned, secondary outcome analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF study, a three-arm randomized controlled trial (1:1:1) evaluating the effect of MI in improving self-care in HF patients. In Arm 1, the patient received MI, while in Arm 2, the patient and the caregiver received MI. Arm 3, the control group, received standard treatment. Endpoints were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) every three months for one year.

Results
We enrolled and randomized 510 HF patient and caregiver dyads (155 dyads in Arm 1, 177 dyads in Arm 2, and 178 dyads in Arm 3). A total of 238 HF patients and 235 caregivers completed the 12-month trial. No significant changes were seen in anxiety, depression and sleep quality over time among the three study arms, but disease-specific QOL improved in the intervention groups, especially in Arm 2.

Conclusion
Clinicians may want to include both patients and caregivers when providing MI interventions. Further research is needed to investigate the required intensity of MI to be effective on sleep quality, anxiety and depression (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02894502).
Performance of Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Tests in Morbidly Obese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Golabi Pegah , Paik James M. , Lam Brian , Moazez Amir H. , Elariny Hazem A. , Goodman Zachary , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in morbidly obese patients, and fibrosis is an independent predictor of mortality. Noninvasive tests (NITs) are being developed for the detection of advanced fibrosis (AF).

Purpose
To assess the performance of three NITs (NAFLD fibrosis score, NFS, fibrosis-4 index, FIB-4, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio, APRI), in the identification of AF among morbidly obese patients.

Materials and Methods
Patients, who underwent bariatric surgery between 2004 and 2009 and had liver biopsy, were included. Fibrosis stages ≥ F2 and ≥ F3 were defined as significant and AF, respectively. Published and optimal thresholds (Youden index) for NFS, FIB-4 and APRI, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV-NPV), and area under the receiver operator curves (AUROC) were evaluated.

Results
Among 584 patients (mean age 43.3 ± 11.3 years, 21.2% male, 75% white, mean BMI 45.5 ± 8.80), 31.7% had NASH. Stages distributions were F1 = 68.1%, F2 = 16.4%, F3 = 8%, and F4 = 3.2%. At published thresholds, all 3 NITs performed poorly for detection of AF, with AUROC < 0.62. Overall performance at optimal thresholds improved to 0.68, 0.72, and 0.74 for NFS, FIB-4, and APRI, respectively. At optimal thresholds, all tests had good NPV (94.4–95.9%) but low PPV (24.2–32.5%). Combinations of the tests did not improve their performance.

Conclusions
NFS, FIB-4, and APRI fall short to detect advanced fibrosis but valuable for excluding advanced fibrosis. More research is needed to develop new NITs with high positive predictive value.
Unmet needs in the management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Waeijen-Smit Kiki , Houben-Wilke Sarah , DiGiandomenico Antonio , Gehrmann Ulf , Franssen Frits M. E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are episodes of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms that require additional therapy. These events play a pivotal role in the natural course of the disease and are associated with a progressive decline in lung function, reduced health status, a low physical activity level, tremendous health care costs, and increased mortality. Although most exacerbations have an infectious origin, the underlying mechanisms are heterogeneous and specific predictors of their occurrence in individual patients are currently unknown. Accurate prediction and early diagnosis of exacerbations is essential to develop novel targets for prevention and personalized treatments to reduce the impact of these events. Several potential biomarkers have previously been studied, these however lack specificity, accuracy and do not add value to the available clinical predictors. At present, microbial composition and host-microbiome interactions in the lung are increasingly recognized for their role in affecting the susceptibility to exacerbations, and may steer towards a novel direction in the management of COPD exacerbations. This narrative review describes the current challenges and unmet needs in the management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Exacerbation triggers, biological clusters, current treatment strategies, and their limitations, previously studied biomarkers and prediction tools, the lung microbiome and its role in COPD exacerbations as well as future directions are discussed.
The risk of arterial thrombosis in carriers of natural coagulation inhibitors: a prospective family cohort study
Authors: Tormene Daniela , Noventa Franco , Campello Elena , Gavasso Sabrina , Marobin Michelangelo , Turatti Giacomo , Prandoni Paolo , Simioni Paolo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Whether the carriership of inherited antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) deficiency increases the risk of arterial thromboembolic events (ATE) is controversial. This information has the potential to inform the management of family members of probands with inherited deficiency of natural anticoagulants.

Patients/methods
We conducted a large prospective family cohort study in 640 subjects (of whom 341 carriers and 299 non-carriers) belonging to 86 families with inherited deficiency of AT, PC, or PS.

Results
A total of 4240 and 3810 patient-years were available for carriers and non-carriers, respectively. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were similarly distributed in the two groups. Of the 26 ATE that were recorded, 19 occurred in carriers (5.6%), as compared to 7 in non-carriers (2.3%) [p = 0.07]. After adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for ATE was 4.9 (95% CI 1.5–16.3) in carriers as compared to non-carriers.

Conclusions
Among family members of probands with an inherited deficiency of natural anticoagulants, carriers exhibit a risk of ATE that is almost five times higher than in non-carriers.
Sustainable Resumption of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Procedures, and the Importance of Testing, During Endemic COVID-19
Authors: Zaman Mahvash , Tiong Denise , Saw Jacqueline , Zaman Sarah , Daniels Matthew J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeAs second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic challenge healthcare in North America and Europe once again, we analyze the impact of the first wave on routine elective cardiovascular care, and the differential COVID risk emerging within our patient groups and staff.PerspectiveWe describe the need to sustainably resume, and temporarily expand, routine elective cardiac services in the face of resurgent COVID-19. Some, but not all, cardiac patient groups are particularly vulnerable to adverse outcomes following COVID-19 infection. We explore mitigation measures at the institutional level to increase resilience within cardiac services to enable them to operate deep into subsequent waves of COVID infection which place unprecedented demands on intensive care infrastructure. As measures to eradicate the virus appear to have failed in many countries, and vaccine roll-out will take many months we take the view that the threat imposed by endemic COVID-19 alters the way elective procedural care should be offered to cardiovascular patients.ConclusionOur patients are at definite risk from their cardiovascular disease, and a return to suspension of proven prognostic interventional treatments on an elective basis – the default for the first wave – must be avoided at all costs.
The cage of freedom — law, justice and the judiciary
Authors: Heusel Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper representing the slightly amended text of a speech the author was invited to deliver on the occasion of the Portuguese judicial school’s fortieth anniversary. It offers a reflection on the relationship between freedom, law, justice and the judiciary. Its starting point is the sculpture The Cage of Freedom which symbolically embellishes the square in front of the seat of the Academy of European Law in Trier.
Queere Jugendliche in der stationären Erziehungshilfe
Authors: Rein Angela 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den Biographien von queeren Jugendlichen in der stationären Erziehungshilfe werden Ausgrenzungserfahrungen sichtbar. Heteronormative Normalitätskonstruktionen führen dazu, dass LGBTIQ*-Jugendliche in ihrem Alltag zu Anderen gemacht werden. Heteronormativität in der stationären Erziehungshilfe kann sich bspw. in Familienkonstruktionen ausdrücken oder im Unsichtbarmachen von queeren Lebensweisen. In den Biographien von queeren Jugendlichen zeigen sich ambivalente Umgangsstrategien damit. Der Beitrag gibt Anregungen für eine queergerechte Jugendhilfe, die Normalitätskonstruktionen und hegemoniale Ordnungen in der stationären Erziehungshilfe hinterfragen.
Distal and proximal motivational processes related to flow experience: Investigating the role of implicit motives, affective and cognitive preferences, and perceived abilities
Authors: Schiepe-Tiska Anja , Schattke Kaspar , Seeliger Jörg , Kehr Hugo M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne of the prominent questions in flow research is the investigation of conditions that need to be met so that people will get involved in an activity for the sheer sake of doing it. The present study examined the relationship between distal (i.e., implicit motives) and proximal (i.e., affective preferences, cognitive preferences, perceived abilities) motivational processes and flow experience based on assumptions of the compensatory model of motivation and volition. In order to arouse the implicit agentic motive, 63 participants worked on an online platform in an open innovation environment. Results showed that affective preferences mediated the effect of the implicit agentic motive on flow experience. Moreover, a hierarchical regression analysis with simple slope tests yielded that, at the proximal level, the congruence of affective preferences, cognitive preferences, and perceived abilities was associated with flow experience. The present research adds some new and essential ingredients to Csikszentmihalyis’ traditional conception of flow.
New tetradentate Schiff base Cu(II) complexes: synthesis, physicochemical, chromotropism, fluorescence, thermal, and selective catalytic oxidation
Authors: Salih Kifah S. M. , Shraim Amjad M. , Al-Mhini Soaad R. , Al-Soufi Ranim E. , Warad Ismail 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree neutral Cu(II)/ƞ4-NNNO Schiff base complexes (1-3) were prepared from the (E)-4-nitro-2-(((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, tetradentate Schiff base (SB) ligand, and the corresponding copper(II) salts. The new SB and its complexes were fully characterized by CHN-EA, standard spectroscopic, thermal, and fluorescence analyses. The formation of the complexes was monitored by EDX, FT-IR, and UV-Vis. The chromotropism studies of the complexes reflected remarkable findings, in which bathochromic solvato- and thermochromism shifts were detected. The turn-off-on halochromism phenomena were observed in the acidic and basic medium. On the other hand, the fluorescence of the free SB ligand was turned off via complexation to the Cu(II) center. In the presence of H2O2 as green oxidant and under mild oxidation catalytic condition, the three complexes successfully catalyzed the formation benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol.
Autonomous wheelchair for patient’s transportation on healthcare institutions
Authors: Baltazar André R. , Petry Marcelo R. , Silva Manuel F. , Moreira António Paulo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe transport of patients from the inpatient service to the operating room is a recurrent task in a hospital routine. This task is repetitive, non-ergonomic, time consuming, and requires the labor of patient transporters. In this paper is presented a system, named Connected Driverless Wheelchair, that can receive transportation requests directly from the hospital information management system, pick up patients at their beds, navigate autonomously through different floors, avoid obstacles, communicate with elevators, and drop patients off at the designated operating room. As a result, a prototype capable of transporting patients autonomously in hospital environments was obtained. Although it was impossible to test the final developed system at the hospital as planned, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the extensive tests conducted at the robotics laboratory facilities, and our previous experience in integrating mobile robots in hospitals, allowed to conclude that it is perfectly prepared for this integration to be carried out. The achieved results are relevant since this is a system that may be applied to support these types of tasks in the future, making the transport of patients more efficient (both from a cost and time perspective), without unpredictable delays and, in some cases, safer.
A mathematical model for designing a reliable cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system considering alternative and contingency process routings
Authors: Hooshyar Telegraphi Amirreza , Bulgak Akif Asil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the stringent awareness toward the preservation and resuscitation of natural resources and the potential economic benefits, designing sustainable manufacturing enterprises has become a critical issue in recent years. This presents different challenges in coordinating the activities inside the manufacturing systems with the entire closed-loop supply chain. In this paper, a mixed-integer mathematical model for designing a hybrid-manufacturing-remanufacturing system in a closed-loop supply chain is presented. Noteworthy, the operational planning of a cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system is coordinated with the tactical planning of a closed-loop supply chain. To improve the flexibility and reliability in the cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system, alternative process routings and contingency process routings are considered. The mathematical model in this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first integrated model in the design of hybrid cellular manufacturing systems which considers main and contingency process routings as well as reliability of the manufacturing system.
FUCOM-MOORA and FUCOM-MOOSRA: new MCDM-based knowledge-driven procedures for mineral potential mapping in greenfields
Authors: Feizi Faranak , Karbalaei-Ramezanali Amir Abbas , Farhadi Sasan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present the application of two novel hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in the mineral potential mapping (MPM), namely FUCOM-MOORA and FUCOM-MOOSRA, as robust computational frameworks for MPM. These were applied to a set of exploration targeting criteria of skarn. The multi-objective optimization method on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and the multi-objective optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) approaches are used to prioritize and rank individual cells. What makes MOORA and MOOSRA more reliable compared to many other methods is the fact that the optimizations procedure is applied to calculate the prospectivity score of individual unit cells. This reduces the uncertainty stemming from erroneous mathematical calculations. The full consistency method (FUCOM), on the other hand, is useful for assigning weights to the spatial proxies. The FUCOM method, as a pairwise comparison method, reduces a large number of pairwise comparisons of similar and popular approaches such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with $$n\left( {n - 1} \right)/2$$

n

n
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1

/
2

and the best–worst method (BWM) with $$2n - 3$$

2
n
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3

number of pairwise comparisons with $$n - 1$$

n
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1

which leads to a less time-consuming and more consistent performance compared with AHP and BWM. These were applied to a set of exploration targeting criteria of skarn iron deposits from Central Iran. Two potential maps were retrieved from the procedures applied, the comparison of which using correct classification rates and field checks revealed the superiority of FUCOM-MOOSRA over the FUCOM-MOORA.
Real-Time Detection of Dictionary DGA Network Traffic Using Deep Learning
Authors: Highnam Kate , Puzio Domenic , Luo Song , Jennings Nicholas R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBotnets and malware continue to avoid detection by static rule engines when using domain generation algorithms (DGAs) for callouts to unique, dynamically generated web addresses. Common DGA detection techniques fail to reliably detect DGA variants that combine random dictionary words to create domain names that closely mirror legitimate domains. To combat this, we created a novel hybrid neural network, Bilbo the “bagging” model, that analyses domains and scores the likelihood they are generated by such algorithms and therefore are potentially malicious. Bilbo is the first parallel usage of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for DGA detection. Our unique architecture is found to be the most consistent in performance in terms of AUC,$$F_1$$F1score, and accuracy when generalising across different dictionary DGA classification tasks compared to current state-of-the-art deep learning architectures. We validate using reverse-engineered dictionary DGA domains and detail our real-time implementation strategy for scoring real-world network logs within a large enterprise. In 4 h of actual network traffic, the model discovered at least five potential command-and-control networks that commercial vendor tools did not flag.
Identification of the vibrational marker of tyrosine cation radical using ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy of flavoprotein systems
Authors: Pirisi Katalin , Nag Lipsa , Fekete Zsuzsanna , Iuliano James N. , Tolentino Collado Jinnette , Clark Ian P. , Pécsi Ildikó , Sournia Pierre , Liebl Ursula , Greetham Gregory M. , Tonge Peter J. , Meech Stephen R. , Vos Marten H. , Lukacs Andras 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTryptophan and tyrosine radical intermediates play crucial roles in many biological charge transfer processes. Particularly in flavoprotein photochemistry, short-lived reaction intermediates can be studied by the complementary techniques of ultrafast visible and infrared spectroscopy. The spectral properties of tryptophan radical are well established, and the formation of neutral tyrosine radicals has been observed in many biological processes. However, only recently, the formation of a cation tyrosine radical was observed by transient visible spectroscopy in a few systems. Here, we assigned the infrared vibrational markers of the cationic and neutral tyrosine radical at 1483 and 1502 cm−1 (in deuterated buffer), respectively, in a variant of the bacterial methyl transferase TrmFO, and in the native glucose oxidase. In addition, we studied a mutant of AppABLUF blue-light sensor domain from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in which only a direct formation of the neutral radical was observed. Our studies highlight the exquisite sensitivity of transient infrared spectroscopy to low concentrations of specific radicals.
Global boundedness of a class of multilinear Fourier integral operators
Authors: Rodríguez-López Salvador , Rule David , Staubach Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe establish the global regularity of multilinear Fourier integral operators that are associated to nonlinear wave equations on products of$L^p$spaces by proving endpoint boundedness on suitable product spaces containing combinations of the local Hardy space, the local BMO and the$L^2$spaces.
Comparison of different scoring methods based on latent variable models of the PHQ-9: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Fischer Felix , Levis Brooke , Falk Carl , Sun Ying , Ioannidis John P. A. , Cuijpers Pim , Shrier Ian , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D. ,   the Depression Screening Data (DEPRESSD) PHQ Collaboration
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research on the depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) has found that different latent factor models have maximized empirical measures of goodness-of-fit. The clinical relevance of these differences is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether depression screening accuracy may be improved by employing latent factor model-based scoring rather than sum scores.MethodsWe used an individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) database compiled to assess the screening accuracy of the PHQ-9. We included studies that used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) as a reference standard and split those into calibration and validation datasets. In the calibration dataset, we estimated unidimensional, two-dimensional (separating cognitive/affective and somatic symptoms of depression), and bi-factor models, and the respective cut-offs to maximize combined sensitivity and specificity. In the validation dataset, we assessed the differences in (combined) sensitivity and specificity between the latent variable approaches and the optimal sum score (⩾10), using bootstrapping to estimate 95% confidence intervals for the differences.ResultsThe calibration dataset included 24 studies (4378 participants, 652 major depression cases); the validation dataset 17 studies (4252 participants, 568 cases). In the validation dataset, optimal cut-offs of the unidimensional, two-dimensional, and bi-factor models had higher sensitivity (by 0.036, 0.050, 0.049 points, respectively) but lower specificity (0.017, 0.026, 0.019, respectively) compared to the sum score cut-off of ⩾10.ConclusionsIn a comprehensive dataset of diagnostic studies, scoring using complex latent variable models do not improve screening accuracy of the PHQ-9 meaningfully as compared to the simple sum score approach.