bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can fire cause the collapse of Plasco Building: A numerical investigation
Authors: Khan Mustesin Ali , Khan Aatif Ali , Usmani Asif Sohail , Huang Xinyan 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYSince the tragic event of the World Trade Centre (WTC), efforts to understand realistic fire behaviour in tall buildings are accelerated. It is critical to understand the fire dynamics involved in a compartment fire before performing a forensic investigation of a fire accident. In this paper, various fire scenarios are considered to simulate the behaviour of fire in a high‐rise building and demonstrated the case of the Plasco Building using computationally fluid dynamics (CFD). Two fuel distribution patterns are assumed with different packing densities as clothes placed throughout the compartment in a scattered form (similar as in racks) and densely packed as stacked (stored in cartons). It is observed that the distribution of the fuel highly influences the duration of the fire, peak temperatures, and the severity of the fire. The fuel distribution also affects the spread of the fire in both horizontal and vertical directions, which helps in understanding probable fire scenario responsible for the collapse of a building. A case of subsequent heat transfer analysis in an OpenSEES FE model is conducted to represent the extent of temperature reaching the structural elements where temperature data from FDS are used as thermal boundary conditions. Large variations in the temperature of the structural members have been observed between two fuel distributions, which can be a governing factor while analysing structural behaviour in fire conditions. This paper provides insight into performing a forensic investigation of fire collapsed high‐rise buildings based on visual evidence.
Hypoglycemic effect of camel milk powder in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Yajie , Wu Fang , Zhang Ming , Fang Bing , Zhao Liang , Dong Lijie , Zhou Xiaojuan , Ge Shaoyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFresh camel milk was widely accepted to help to prevent and control of diabetes, especially in Africa, Middle East, and cooler dry areas of Asia. In this study, type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled to supplement with 10 g of camel milk powder twice a day for 4 weeks (n = 14), cow milk powder served as the placebo (n = 13). It was found that camel milk supplement decreased fasting blood glucose, 2‐hr postprandial blood glucose, serum content of total cholesterol, resistin, and lipocalin‐2. There was also a significant increase in serum content of osteocrin, amylin, and GLP‐1in camel milk group, indicating an improvement on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Camel milk powder supplement significantly enriched the relative abundance ofClostridium_sensu_stricto_1and[Eubacterium]_eligens_groupcompared with cow milk after the 4‐week intervention. This study suggested that camel milk powder can be used as a functional food help to treat type 2 diabetes.
Novel fusion genes in spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma: The spectrum broadens
Authors: Montoya‐Cerrillo Diego M. , Diaz‐Perez Julio A. , Velez‐Torres Jaylou M. , Montgomery Elizabeth A , Rosenberg Andrew E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with striated muscle differentiation. RMSs are classified as alveolar, embryonal, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic types and molecular analysis of these tumors has identified aberrations that are useful in their further subclassification. Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SpRMS) is uncommon and has been described withVGLL2fusions,EWSR1/FUS‐TFCP2rearrangements, andmyoD1mutations—the mutations are associated with significantly different prognoses. In addition, theNCOA2‐MEIS1fusion gene was recently described in two primary intraosseous RMS that contained spindle cell components. Herein, we report three cases of SpRMS harboring different novel fusion genes, one possessingEP300‐VGLL3, a second withNCOA2‐MEIS1andCAV1‐MET, and the third case hadHMGA2‐NEGR1and multiple amplified genes.
Nonlinear manifold learning in functional magnetic resonance imaging uncovers a low‐dimensional space of brain dynamics
Authors: Gao Siyuan , Mishne Gal , Scheinost Dustin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale brain dynamics are believed to lie in a latent, low‐dimensional space. Typically, the embeddings of brain scans are derived independently from different cognitive tasks or resting‐state data, ignoring a potentially large—and shared—portion of this space. Here, we establish that a shared, robust, and interpretable low‐dimensional space of brain dynamics can be recovered from a rich repertoire of task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This occurs when relying on nonlinear approaches as opposed to traditional linear methods. The embedding maintains proper temporal progression of the tasks, revealing brain states and the dynamics of network integration. We demonstrate that resting‐state data embeds fully onto the same task embedding, indicating similar brain states are present in both task and resting‐state data. Our findings suggest analysis of fMRI data from multiple cognitive tasks in a low‐dimensional space is possible and desirable.
Catastrophic health expenditures for children with disabilities in Iran: A national survey
Authors: Moradi Ghobad , Bolbanabad Amjad Mohamadi , Abdullah Farman Zahir , Safari Hossein , Rezaei Satar , Aghaei Abbas , Hematpour Siros , Farshadi Salahaddin , Naleini Nima , Piroozi Bakhtiar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of households with disabled children aged 0–8 years who had faced catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) due to the health costs of these children in Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out on 2000 households with disabled children aged 0–8 years in five provinces of Iran in 2020. Data were collected using the World Health Survey questionnaire and face‐to‐face interview. Determinants of CHE were identified using logistic regression.Results32.7% of households with disabled children had faced CHE. Head of household being female (Adjusted OR = 18.89, 95%CI: 10.88–29.42), poor economic status of the household (Q1: Adjusted OR = 20.26, 95% CI, 11.42–35.94; Q2: Adjusted OR = 8.27, 95%CI, 4.45–15.36; Q3: Adjusted OR = 13.88, 95%CI, 7.89–24.41), lack of supplementary insurance by a child with disabilities (Adjusted OR = 6.13, 95%CI, 3.39–11.26), having a child with mental disability (Adjusted OR = 2.71, 95%CI, 1.60–4.69), and type of basic health insurance (having Iranian Health Insurance: Adjusted OR = 2.20, 95%CI, 1.38–3.49; having Social security insurance: Adjusted OR = 1.66, 95%CI, 1.06–2.61) significantly increased the chances of facing CHE.ConclusionA significant percentage of households with disabled children had faced CHE because of their disabled child's health costs. The key determinants of CHE should be considered by health policy‐makers in order to more financial protection of these households.
Canopy structure metrics governing stemflow funnelling differ between leafed and leafless states: Insights from a large‐scale rainfall simulator
Authors: Iida Shin'ichi , Wheeler Kathryn I. , Nanko Kazuki , Shinohara Yoshinori , Sun Xinchao , Sakai Naoki , Levia Delphis F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have examined the effects of various biotic and abiotic factors on stemflow production. Of those that have ascribed the importance of canopy structure to stemflow production, there has been a bias towards field studies. Coupling Bayesian inference with the NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Japan) large‐scale rainfall simulator, this study leveraged a unique opportunity to control rainfall amounts and intensities to pinpoint the canopy structural metrics that differentially influence stemflow funnelling ratios for three common tree species between leafed and leafless canopy states. For the first time, we examined whether canopy structure metrics exert a static control on stemflow funnelling ratios or whether different elements of canopy structure are more or less important under leafed or leafless states, thereby allowing us to determine if tacit assumptions about the static influence of canopy structure on stemflow production (and funnelling) are valid (or not). Rainfall simulations were conducted at 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mm h−1 under both leafed and leafless tree conditions (12 simulations in total) to detect any differential effects on the presence or absence of foliage on stemflow funnelling ratios. For leafed conditions, the highest percentages of best‐fitting models (ΔDIC ≤2) indicated that stemflow funnelling ratios were mainly controlled by total dry aboveground biomass (Ball), diameter at breast height (DBH), total dry foliar biomass (Bf), tree height (H), and woody to foliar dry biomass ratio (BR). Whilst for the leafless state, the highest percentages of best‐fitting models (ΔDIC ≤2) indicated that total dry branch biomass (Bbr) was relatively dominant as was the interaction effects between crown projection area and species (CPA:species). These results compel us to reject any assumption of a static effect of different elements of canopy structure on stemflow funnelling.
Assessing soil quality changes after 10 years of agricultural activities in eastern Hungary*
Authors: Takács István , Amiri Mahdis , Károly Kith , Mohammed Safwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Hungary, soil plays a fundamental role in agricultural production. The main aim of this research was to track the spatial–temporal variations in certain soil properties (soil organic carbon [So], pH, NO3−, P, K, Mn, Zn and Cu) between 2000 and 2010 in 55 different farms in the eastern part of Hungary (Hajdú‐Bihar region). Soil data were collected from the Soil Conservation Information and Monitoring System. After 10 years of agricultural activities results reveal that the means of pH, So, NO3−, and Zn were higher in 2010 than in 2000. Indeed, of nine studied soil characteristics only two (So%, NO3−) showed a significant change according to the WilcoxonT‐test. The average pH_H2O increased by 0.13 and reached 7.31 ± 0.12 in 2010. The average NO3−(ppm) increased by 4.75 ppm and reached 19.9 ppm in 2010. For other soil nutrients, available P, K and Mg decreased slightly, while Mn decreased from 269 ± 25 ppm to 236 ± 21 ppm in 2010. Interestingly, Zn and Cu showed no change between 2000 and 2010. However, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) showed that the central part of the study area is more prone to changes due to intensive agricultural activities. The output of this research could assist decision makers when making soil conservation plans within the study area.
Providing a safer passage: Perceptions about a neighborhood intervention program for disadvantaged youth
Authors: George Molly , Twyford Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Safe Passage” is an after‐school intervention program for disadvantaged youth in a medium‐sized city in southern California. Led by local law enforcement, as well as the city's recreation and park department, the program's goal is to combine community policing with after‐school care and tutoring to support children living in a large apartment complex with the highest rates of gang membership and crime in the city. This is an exploratory study that examines the perspectives of various stakeholders in the intervention program, including the community members, the local police, and Safe Passage staff members. Survey data from the community residents, program staff and law enforcement were collected. Findings indicate that there was some consensus across the various subpopulations on the challenges that have had the largest negative influence on youth in the community. The local police and the community members surveyed were also in agreement that police/community relations were largely positive. All stakeholders surveyed felt generally positive about the intervention program, but the community members were more skeptical of the program's ability to deter their children from trouble. Implications of our findings for the program and for future studies are discussed.
The European Medicines Agency Experience With Pediatric Dose Selection
Authors: Manolis Efthymios , Musuamba Flora T. , Karlsson Kristin E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGetting the right dose regimen for children and adolescents is important but poses great scientific, practical, and ethical challenges. At the same time, the availability of data in adults is a huge advantage and needs to be used optimally when designing studies in children and analyzing pediatric data. Furthermore, the processes of maturation and growth are always key when selecting doses for children. All the above make study adaptations and model‐informed approaches imperative for dose exposure‐response characterization and dose selection in children. This article summarizes the experience gained in the European Medicines Agency on this topic and proposes some general guiding principles for defining objectives, study designs, and methodology tools for pediatric dose selection.
Prevalence of clinically relevant liver fibrosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Choudhary Narendra Singh , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Bano Tarannum , Gagneja Sakshi , Mathew Anu , Singh Manish Kumar , Kaur Parjeet , Gill Harmandeep Kaur , Wasir Jasjeet Singh , Sud Randhir , Mithal Ambrish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimType 2 diabetes (T2D) in associated with higher prevalence and worse outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, data regarding the prevalence of clinically relevant liver fibrosis (CRLF) in Indian individuals with T2D are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, CRLF in Indians with T2D.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 601 consecutive adults with T2D. Steatosis was diagnosed using ultrasonography. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography of ≥8.0 kPa was taken as cutoff suggesting CRLF. Individuals with LSM > 13.0 kPa underwent dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of liver for detecting changes consistent with cirrhosis.ResultsThe prevalence of steatosis was 84.2%. Higher body mass index (BMI, P = 0.022), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P = 0.001), and lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL; P = 0.002) were independent factors associated with steatosis. The prevalence of CRLF was 28.2%. Higher BMI (P = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P < 0.0001), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; P < 0.0001), and concomitant hypertension (P = 0.03) were independent factors associated with CRLF. Elevated ALT and AST (≥40 units/L) levels were present in 70.6 and 51.6% individuals with CRLF, respectively. Thirty‐one (7.2%) individuals had LSM > 13.0 kPa. Among them, 25 individuals underwent dynamic MRI of liver, which revealed features consistent with cirrhosis in 18 patients.ConclusionCRLF, an established risk factor for cirrhosis and overall mortality, affects at least one out of four (25%) Indians with T2D. These results support screening of all patients with T2D and NAFLD for liver fibrosis.
Sustained calcium ion release from bioceramics promotes CaSR-mediated M2 macrophage polarization for osteoinduction
Authors: Zhang Jinglun , Wu Qian , Yin Chengcheng , Jia Xiaoshi , Zhao Zifan , Zhang Xiaoxin , Yuan Guohua , Hu Hao , Zhao Qin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInnate immune cells, especially macrophages, play a dual role in tissue repair and the defense against foreign bodies. Although biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics have been confirmed as an excellent osteoimmunoregulatory biomaterial, it is unclear whether the ions release of BCP directly affects macrophage polarization and the mechanism by which the ions release is involved in osteoimmunomodulation. Herein, we verified the superior osteoinductive capacity of BCP in wild-type mice and showed its inability to promote this process in macrophage-deficient (LysM−/−) mice. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy, ion release curve, and calcein AM-staining results confirmed that BCP-released Ca2+ in a sustained manner, thereby maintaining the long-term induction of M2 macrophage polarization and promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts during osteogenesis. Furthermore, Ca2+ targeted the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and activated Arg1 and IL-10 (M2 marker genes) transcription through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in macrophages. Under treatment with a CaSR antagonist, macrophages cultured with the BCP fluid extract exhibited lower Ca2+ intake and weaker M2 macrophage polarization. These findings underscore the critical role of macrophages in bone regeneration and clarify the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated osteoinduction by biomaterials, which is of great significance for the future design of biomaterial-oriented tissue regeneration engineering.
High prolactin levels in dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: A sign of therapy failure or additional pathology?
Authors: Vitturi Nicola , Lenzini Livia , Luisi Concetta , Carecchio Miryam , Gugelmo Giorgia , Francini‐Pesenti Francesco , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 22‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency who progressively developed movement disorders and epilepsy. Despite L‐Dopa supplementation the patient continued to show high prolactin levels, with a discrepancy between the neurological clinical picture and the hormonal biochemical levels. For this reason, other potential causes were ruled out by performing a cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated a solid lesion in the pituitary gland strongly suggestive of a prolactinoma. As the association between metabolic disorders affecting biogenic amine synthesis and prolactinoma has not been previously reported in humans, this report suggests that a critical evaluation of the use of prolactin as a guide for therapy dosage should be made in patients with DHPR deficiency disorders.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Renal Hypoxia by Multiparametric Functional MRI in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Rui , Lin Zhiyong , Yang Xuedong , Zhao Kai , Wang Suxia , Sui Xueqing , Su Tao , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRenal hypoxia, which caused by a mismatch between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand, may be the primary pathophysiological pathway driving diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could detect hypoxia, but can be limited in distinguishing increased oxygen consumption or decreased blood supply.PurposeTo explore multiparametric functional MRI in evaluating mechanism of the hypoxia changes in early stage of DKD.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelThirty‐five New Zealand White rabbits were divided into control group (n = 5) and alloxan‐induced diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (DM3 group: n = 15, DM7 group: n = 15).Field Strength/Sequence3 T MRI/BOLD, arterial spin labeling (ASL), and asymmetric spin‐echo (ASE).AssessmentThe renal oxygenation level (R2*), renal blood flow (RBF), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were evaluated by BOLD, ASL, and ASE MRI, respectively. The regions of interest were manually drawn including cortex, outer stripes of outer medulla (OS), and inner stripes of outer medulla (IS).Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance, independent‐sample t‐test, and paired‐sample t‐test were applied for comparisons among groups, between groups, and within the same group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAll renal regions of DM3 group at Day 3 after DM induction showed significantly higher R2* and OEF values compared to baseline. The RBF values showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.62, 0.76, 0.09 in cortex, OS, and IS, respectively). For DM7 group at Day 7, R2*, OEF, and RBF values showed no statistically significant difference compared to baseline (P = 0.06, 0.05, 0.06 of R2*; 0.70, 0.64, 0.68 of OEF; and 0.33, 0.58, 0.48 of RBF in cortex, OS, and IS, respectively).Data ConclusionBOLD MRI could detect renal hypoxia in early stage of DKD rabbit model, which was mainly revealed by increased oxygen consumption, but not affected by renal blood flow change.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Hepatitis C virus genotype 4: A poorly characterized endemic genotype
Authors: Leumi Steve , El Kassas Mohamed , Zhong Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobally, 13% of all hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are caused by genotype 4 (GT4), which consists of 17 subtypes with various levels of susceptibility to anti‐HCV therapy. This genotype is endemic in the Middle East and Africa and has considerably spread to Europe lately. The molecular features of HCV‐GT4 infection, as well as its appropriate therapeutics, are poorly characterized as it has not been the subject of widespread basic research. As such, in this review, we aim to gather the current state of knowledge of this genotype with a particular emphasis on its heterogeneity, sequence signatures, resistance‐associated substitutions, and available in vivo and in vitro models used for its study. We urge developing more cell‐culture models based on different GT4 subtypes to better understand the virology and therapeutic response of this particular genotype. This review may raise more awareness about this genotype and trigger more basic research work to develop its research tools. This will be critical to design better therapeutics and help to provide adequate guidelines for physicians working with HCV‐GT4 patients.
Remember as we empathize. Do brain mechanisms engaged in autobiographical memory retrieval causally affect empathy awareness? A combined TMS and EEG registered report
Authors: Meconi Federica , Hodsoll John , Smullen Daniel , Degano Giulio , Di Lello Nicolò , Miniussi Carlo , Avenanti Alessio , Mevorach Carmel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial interactions are partly driven by our ability to empathize—the capacity to share and understand others’ inner states. While a growing body of evidence suggests a link between past experiences and empathy, to what degree empathy is dependent on our own previous experiences (autobiographical memories, AMs) is still unclear. Whereas neuroimaging studies have shown wide overlapping brain networks underpinning AM and empathic processes, studies on clinical populations with memory loss have not always shown empathy is impaired. The current transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography study will seek to shed light on this neuropsychological puzzle by testing whether self‐perceived empathy is causally linked to AM retrieval. Cortical activity, together with self‐rating of empathy, will be recorded for scenarios that echo personal experiences while a brain region critical for AM retrieval will be transiently inhibited using TMS before task performance.