bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, environmental fate, treatment strategies, and future challenges for wastewater contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kuzniewski Saleha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been detected in untreated and treated wastewater and studies have shown that the concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2 is proportional to the prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in communities. This article presents a literature review of the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater, its environmental fate, recommended treatment strategies for contaminated wastewater, and treatment challenges to be faced in the future. The environmental fate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater is not straightforward because it can be a source of infection when present in the treated wastewater depending on the permeability of the wastewater treatment plant containment area, and can also leach into aquifers, which may serve as drinking water supplies. Secondly, there are different practices that can mitigate the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rate from infected feces and urine. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of ultraviolet radiation (UV), disinfection, and filtration for wastewater contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2, processes also common in wastewater treatment facilities. This article discusses these strategies referencing studies performed with surrogate viruses and shows that SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment can be complicated due to the interference from other aqueous chemical and physical factors. Considering that COVID‐19 is not the first and certainly not the last pandemic, it is imperative to develop an effective multitreatment strategy for wastewater contaminated with contagious viruses and, preferably, those that are compatible with current wastewater treatment methods.
Synthesis and Performance Analysis of New Hybrid Polymer Gel Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Preventing Spontaneous Coal Combustion
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Junpeng , Zhou Gang , Jiang Wenjing , Duan Jinjie , Tian Fuchao , Xu Hongze 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBecause of the great risk of spontaneous combustion of coal, new gel materials are used for fire prevention and firefighting in coal mines. In this study, sodium alginate (SA), polyacrylamide (CPAM), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as matrices to prepare three different types of fireproof gel: SA‐Al3+/WG, CPAM‐Al3+/WG, and CMC‐Al3+/WG, respectively. Their thermal stabilities were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The microstructures of these gels were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and their chemical bond breakages and combinations were analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The CMC‐Al3+/WG hydrogel had the best water retention capacity, water absorption capacity, compressive strength, and inhibition characteristics according to the results of the water retention rate tests, swelling kinetics experiments, mechanics, and fire extinguishing experiments. It was proven that CMC‐Al3+/WG gel is an ideal fire‐extinguishing material.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles as Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Mehta Vikrant , Arora Sahil , Munshi Anjana , Singh Sandeep , Kumar Raj 
Published: July 2021

Abstract5‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles are designed as topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors, synthesised and assessed for their anticancer properties against breast (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF7), lung (A549), and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines. All the compounds induced significant cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentration. The compound 5e exerted potential anticancer effects on breast cancer cell lines at a low micromolar level (IC50<2 μM), and showed negligible toxicity towards normal cells. Compound 5 e reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in breast cancer cells, altered mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. This was accompanied by downregulation of oncogenic p‐Akt and upregulation of p‐PTEN along with modulation of apoptotic markers suggesting multiple mechanisms to reduce cancer cell viability. Finally, the topoisomerase inhibition assay revealed the inhibitory activity of 5 e against Topo I and Topo II.
Novel 2‐Pyrazolin‐5‐one Derivative through Unforeseen Orthoamide Intermediate: Mechanistic Insights on Isocyanide Based [4+1] Cycloaddition
Authors: Leyton Ariel , Rabanal‐León Walter A. , Murillo‐López Juliana Andrea , Belmar Julio , Concepción Odette , de la Torre Alexander F. , Muñiz Francisco M. , Báez Reynier , Jiménez Claudio A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work relates a unique one‐pot procedure to assembly novel 2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one derivative functionalized through an isocyanide based formal [4+1] cycloaddition. A new, unexpected multicomponent reaction occurred when a pyrazolone was condensed with an aldehyde, an isocyanide, and water or alcohol components. Nine novel molecules with an embedded alkyl carboxamide group were obtained in moderate yield. Surprisingly, an unforeseen orthoamide intermediate was isolated and characterized, proving the plausible mechanism for the opened imidate obtained by formal [4+1] cycloaddition. This one‐pot approach to pyrazolone derivatives functionalized with amides stands as a significant advance for preparing this class of molecules.
Haemoproteosis and avian malaria in Columbidae and Corvidae from Iran
Authors: Nourani Leila , Baghkheirati Amir Asghari , Zargar Mostafa , Karimi Vahid , Djadid Navid Dinparast 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAvian malaria (Plasmodium) and related genera (Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) are diverse and widespread parasites. Despite the extent of knowledge on avian haemosporidian parasites, information about domestic and wild bird's blood parasites is overall insufficient in Iran. Prevalence of the haemosporidian parasites’ and phylogenetic relationship of lineages are studied by using molecular and morphological results of 152 examined hosts belonging to 17 species. Molecular analysis for haemosporidian detections demonstrated overall prevalence 22.36%. Inspected hosts mostly belonging to Common Pigeons (Columba livia) parasitized by Haemoproteus spp., and Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) and Carrion Crow (C. corone) were identified as hosting Plasmodium spp. Detected lineages COLIV03, COQUI05, LINN01, ROFI04 and SGS01 are identified as new reports from Iran. We detected no evidence of Leucocytozoon lineages, while the high prevalence of H. columbae was found in Common Pigeons. Such investigation on avian blood parasites contributes to providing new information on the prevalence, epidemiology and geographical distribution of haemosporidian parasites circulating in domestic, pets and wild birds.
The historical development of juvenile mortality and adult longevity in zoo‐kept carnivores
Authors: Roller Marco , Müller Dennis W. H. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Bingaman Lackey Laurie , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Clauss Marcus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZoos need to evaluate their aim of high husbandry standards. One way of approaching this is to use the demographic data that has been collected by participating zoos for decades, assessing historical change over time to identify the presence or absence of progress. Using the example of carnivores, with data covering seven decades (1950–2019), 13 carnivore families, and 95 species, we show that juvenile mortality has decreased, and adult longevity increased, over this interval. While no reason for complacency, the results indicate that the commitment of zoos to continuously improve is having measurable consequences.
Digital Form Finding Using Voronoi Pattern
Authors: Capone Mara , Lanzara Emanuela , Portioli Francesco Paolo Antonio , Flore Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStarting from funicular models, chain models and hanging membranes, the role of 3D physical models in optimized shape research is the basis of form-finding strategies. Advances in structural optimized shape design derive from the wide spread of special digital form-finding tools. The goal of this paper is to test and evaluate interdisciplinary approaches based on computational tools useful in the form finding of efficient structural systems. This work is aimed at designing an inverse hanging shape subdivided into polygonal voussoirs (Voronoi patterns) by relaxing a planar discrete and elastic system, loaded at each point and anchored along its boundary. The workflow involves shaping, discretization (from pre-shaped paneling to digital stereotomy) and structural analysis carried out using two modeling approaches, finite element and rigid block modeling, using an in-house software tool, LiABlock_3D (MATLAB®), to check the stress state and to evaluate the equilibrium stability of the final shell.
Translating Movement into Architectural Form
Authors: Ingleby Tim , Orlando Stephen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work seeks to define original ways of creating architectonic forms using kinesiology studies. A series of methodologies are devised to record subjects in motion, with analogue and digital modelling techniques rigorously used independently and in combination to transpose these into sculptural figures with differing levels of formal fidelity and dimensional precision. Surface structures, and in particular thin shells, are found to have great potential for moving from abstract figures to structural forms. Such structures are traditionally problematic in terms of ‘constructional energy’, which has limited their usefulness and application. In response, the ‘hanging cloth reversed’ modelling technique devised by Heinz Isler is investigated to capitalise on the ambiguity between large-scale models and small structures. A construction method is devised that accords with the principles of structural art which, significantly, suggests that (small-span) shell structures could be liberated from the strictures of formwork to create economic, efficient and elegant minimal structures.
On the q-Monotonicity Preservation of Durrmeyer-Type Operators
Authors: Abel Ulrich , Leviatan Dany , Raşa Ioan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove that various Durrmeyer-type operators preserveq-monotonicity in [0, 1] or$$[0,\infty )$$[0,∞)as the case may be. Recall that a 1-monotone function is nondecreasing, a 2-monotone one is convex, and for$$q>2$$q>2, aq-monotone function possesses a convex$$(q-2)$$(q-2)nd derivative in the interior of the interval. The operators are the Durrmeyer versions of Bernstein (including genuine Bernstein–Durrmeyer), Szász and Baskakov operators. As a byproduct we have a new type of characterization of continuousq-monotone functions by the behavior of the integrals of the function with respect to measures that are related to the fundamental polynomials of the operators.
The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics
Authors: Gillot Lionel , Baudin Louis , Rouaud Loïc , Kridelka Frédéric , Noël Agnès 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement does not increase antibiotic resistance after primary total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Tootsi Kaspar , Heesen Victoria , Lohrengel Martin , Enz Andreas Eugen , Illiger Sebastian , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Lohmann Christoph H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
One of the preventive strategies for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Even though it is widely used, there are concerns about the development of antibacterial resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate whether using ALBC in primary TJA increases the antibiotic-resistant PJI. The hypothesis was that the regular use of ALBC does not increase the rate of resistant PJI.

Methods
Patients with confirmed PJI who had revision surgery from year 2010 to 2019 were included in this international multicenter study. The ALBC group was compared to the non-ALBC TJA group from the same time period. Medical records were used to collect clinical (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities), TJA-related (type of operation, implant type and survival) and PJI-related (cultured microorganism, antibiogram) data. Resistance to gentamicin, clindamycin and vancomycin were recorded from the antibiograms. Multiple logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and account for the potential confounders.

Results
218 patients with PJI were included in the study: 142 with gentamicin-loaded bone cement and 76 in the non-ALBC group. The average age in the ALBC group was 71 ± 10 years and 62 ± 12 years in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) were the most common (49%) isolated pathogens. The use of ALBC did not increase the rate of any resistant bacteria significantly (OR = 0.79 (0.42–1.48), p = 0.469). The presence of CONS was associated with higher risk of antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrates no increase in antibiotic resistance due to ALBC after primary TJA. Thus, the use of ALBC during primary TJA should not be feared in the context of antimicrobial resistance.

Level of evidence
III.
Nonlinear models of the Phillips curve
Authors: Cristini Annalisa , Ferri Piero 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent flattening of the Phillips curve has stimulated new empirical research and theoretical discussions regarding the nonlinear nature of the changes in the parameters. The objective of the present paper is twofold: to detect the relevant type of the implied nonlinearity and look for some general model capable of generating a Phillips curve mimicking the empirical one. We find evidence of a convex US price Phillips curve, from 1961 q1 to 2019 q4, assessed both by piecewise and threshold models. The result presents some degree of novelty regarding the role of supply shocks and model-specific convexities; in addition, it supports the use of a regime-switching macro system. The latter accomplishes three tasks. It can generate a Phillips curve resembling its empirical counterparts; it creates a medium-run endogenous cycle where unemployment is not a NAIRU; finally, it opens new perspectives on economic policy issues.
Large Steklov eigenvalues via homogenisation on manifolds
Authors: Girouard Alexandre , Lagacé Jean 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing methods in the spirit of deterministic homogenisation theory we obtain convergence of the Steklov eigenvalues of a sequence of domains in a Riemannian manifold to weighted Laplace eigenvalues of that manifold. The domains are obtained by removing small geodesic balls that are asymptotically densely uniformly distributed as their radius tends to zero. We use this relationship to construct manifolds that have large Steklov eigenvalues. In dimension two, and with constant weight equal to 1, we prove that Kokarev’s upper bound of $$8\pi $$

8
π

for the first nonzero normalised Steklov eigenvalue on orientable surfaces of genus 0 is saturated. For other topological types and eigenvalue indices, we also obtain lower bounds on the best upper bound for the eigenvalue in terms of Laplace maximisers. For the first two eigenvalues, these lower bounds become equalities. A surprising consequence is the existence of free boundary minimal surfaces immersed in the unit ball by first Steklov eigenfunctions and with area strictly larger than $$2\pi $$

2
π

. This was previously thought to be impossible. We provide numerical evidence that some of the already known examples of free boundary minimal surfaces have these properties and also exhibit simulations of new free boundary minimal surfaces of genus zero in the unit ball with even larger area. We prove that the first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue of all these examples is equal to 1, as a consequence of their symmetries and topology, so that they are consistent with a general conjecture by Fraser and Li. In dimension three and larger, we prove that the isoperimetric inequality of Colbois–El Soufi–Girouard is sharp and implies an upper bound for weighted Laplace eigenvalues. We also show that in any manifold with a fixed metric, one can construct by varying the weight a domain with connected boundary whose first nonzero normalised Steklov eigenvalue is arbitrarily large.
Post-COVID‑19-Arthritis. Manifestation unter dem klinischen Bild einer reaktiven Arthritis
Authors: Zeidler H. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEs werden 13 Fallberichte einer reaktiven Arthritis im Zusammenhang mit einer Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID‑19) referiert. Männer sind häufiger betroffen als Frauen. Die Arthritis manifestiert sich 4 bis 44 Tage nach der Infektion bzw. dem Auftreten der COVID‑19-Symptome. Die akute Arthritis ist monoartikulär oder oligoartikulär. Nur einer von 7 untersuchten Patienten war Humanes-Leukozyten-Antigen(HLA)-B27-positiv. Eine direkte virale Infektion des Gelenkes mit „severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“ (SARS-CoV‑2) wurde in der Synovialflüssigkeit nicht nachgewiesen und in der Synovialis nicht untersucht. Die Arthritis wurde mit nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika und/oder intraartikulären oder systemischen Kortikosteroiden erfolgreich behandelt. Die Pathogenese der post-COVID‑19-reaktiven Arthritis ist ungeklärt.
Mapping TASEP back in time
Authors: Petrov Leonid , Saenz Axel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe obtain a new relation between the distributions$$\upmu _t$$μtat different times$$t\ge 0$$t≥0of the continuous-time totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) started from the step initial configuration. Namely, we present a continuous-time Markov process with local interactions and particle-dependent rates which maps the TASEP distributions$$\upmu _t$$μtbackwards in time. Under the backwards process, particles jump to the left, and the dynamics can be viewed as a version of the discrete-space Hammersley process. Combined with the forward TASEP evolution, this leads to a stationary Markov dynamics preserving$$\upmu _t$$μtwhich in turn brings new identities for expectations with respect to$$\upmu _t$$μt. The construction of the backwards dynamics is based on Markov maps interchanging parameters of Schur processes, and is motivated by bijectivizations of the Yang–Baxter equation. We also present a number of corollaries, extensions, and open questions arising from our constructions.
Cartilage from human-induced pluripotent stem cells: comparison with neo-cartilage from chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Rodríguez Ruiz Alejandro , Dicks Amanda , Tuerlings Margo , Schepers Koen , van Pel Melissa , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Freund Christian , Mummery Christine L. , Orlova Valeria , Guilak Farshid , Meulenbelt Ingrid , Ramos Yolande F. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCartilage has little intrinsic capacity for repair, so transplantation of exogenous cartilage cells is considered a realistic option for cartilage regeneration. We explored whether human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) could represent such unlimited cell sources for neo-cartilage comparable to human primary articular chondrocytes (hPACs) or human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs). For this, chondroprogenitor cells (hiCPCs) and hiPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hiMSCs) were generated from two independent hiPSC lines and characterized by morphology, flow cytometry, and differentiation potential. Chondrogenesis was compared to hBMSCs and hPACs by histology, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR, while similarities were estimated based on Pearson correlations using a panel of 20 relevant genes. Our data show successful differentiations of hiPSC into hiMSCs and hiCPCs. Characteristic hBMSC markers were shared between hBMSCs and hiMSCs, with the exception of CD146 and CD45. However, neo-cartilage generated from hiMSCs showed low resemblances when compared to hBMSCs (53%) and hPACs (39%) characterized by lower collagen type 2 and higher collagen type 1 expression. Contrarily, hiCPC neo-cartilage generated neo-cartilage more similar to hPACs (65%), with stronger expression of matrix deposition markers. Our study shows that taking a stepwise approach to generate neo-cartilage from hiPSCs via chondroprogenitor cells results in strong similarities to neo-cartilage of hPACs within 3 weeks following chondrogenesis, making them a potential candidate for regenerative therapies. Contrarily, neo-cartilage deposited by hiMSCs seems more prone to hypertrophic characteristics compared to hPACs. We therefore compared chondrocytes derived from hiMSCs and hiCPCs with hPACs and hBMSCs to outline similarities and differences between their neo-cartilage and establish their potential suitability for regenerative medicine and disease modelling.
Within-species relationship of patchiness to both abundance and occupancy, as exemplified by seagrass macrobenthos
Authors: Barnes R. S. K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the first time, intraspecific relationships between the macroecological metrics patchiness (P) and both abundance (A) and occupancy (O) were investigated in a faunal assemblage. As a companion study to recent work on interspecific P, A and O patterns at the same localities, intraspecific patterns were documented within each of the more dominant invertebrates forming the seagrass macrobenthos of warm–temperate Knysna estuarine bay (South Africa) and of sub-tropical Moreton Bay (Australia). As displayed interspecifically, individual species showed strong A–O patterns (mean scaling coefficient − 0.76 and mean R2 > 0.8). All P–O relations were negative and most (67%) were statistically significant, although weaker (mean R2 0.5) than A–O ones; most P–A ones were also negative but fewer (43%) achieved significance, and were even weaker (mean R2 0.4); 33% of species showed no significant interrelations of either O or A with P. No species showed only a significant P–A relationship. Compared with interspecific P–A–O data from the same assemblages, power–law scaling exponents were equivalent, but R2 values were larger. Larviparous species comprised 70% of the total studied, but 94% of those displaying significant patchiness interrelationships; 5 of the 9 showing no P–A or P–O relationships, however, were also larviparous. At Knysna, though not in Moreton Bay, larviparous species also showed higher levels of occupancy than non-larviparous ones, whilst non-larviparous species showed higher levels of patchiness. Dominant Moreton Bay species, but not those at Knysna, exhibited homogeneously sloped P–O relationships.