bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Conversion and Locking of the Imine Linkage: Enhancing the Functionality of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cusin Luca , Peng Haijun , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a widely studied class of functional, crystalline, and porous nanostructures which combine a relatively facile crystallization with tuneable compositions and porosities. However, the imine linkage constitutes an intrinsic limitation due to its reduced stability in harsh chemical conditions and its unsuitability for in‐plane π‐conjugation in COFs. Urgent solutions are therefore required in order to exploit the full potential of these materials, thereby enabling their technological application in electronics, sensing, and energy storage devices. In this context, the advent of a new generation of linkages derived from the chemical conversion and locking of the imine bond represents a cornerstone for the synthesis of new COFs. A marked increase in the framework robustness is in fact often combined with the incorporation of novel functionalities including, for some of these reactions, an extension of the in‐plane π‐conjugation. This Minireview describes the most enlightening examples of one‐pot reactions and post‐synthetic modifications towards the chemical locking of the imine bond in COFs.
A Palette of Minimally Tagged Sucrose Analogues for Real‐Time Raman Imaging of Intracellular Plant Metabolism
Authors: de Moliner Fabio , Knox Kirsten , Gordon Doireann , Lee Martin , Tipping William J. , Geddis Ailsa , Reinders Anke , Ward John M. , Oparka Karl , Vendrell Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSucrose is the main saccharide used for long‐distance transport in plants and plays an essential role in energy metabolism; however, there are no analogues for real‐time imaging in live cells. We have optimised a synthetic approach to prepare sucrose analogues including very small (≈50 Da or less) Raman tags in the fructose moiety. Spectroscopic analysis identified the alkyne‐tagged compound 6 as a sucrose analogue recognised by endogenous transporters in live cells and with higher Raman intensity than other sucrose derivatives. Herein, we demonstrate the application of compound 6 as the first optical probe to visualise real‐time uptake and intracellular localisation of sucrose in live plant cells using Raman microscopy.
Probing the Intracellular Dynamics of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Using an Activatable NIR II Fluorescence Reporter
Authors: Zhu Tianli , Ren Ning , Liu Xia , Dong Yan , Wang Rongchen , Gao Jinzhu , Sun Jie , Zhu Ying , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai , Tian He , Li Jiang , Zhao Chunchang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the complex interplay among gasotransmitters is of great significance but remains technically challenging. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of a dually responsive BOD‐NH‐SC reporter for probing the dynamic and alternating existence of NO and H2S in living cells. This designed reporter can repeatedly cycle S‐nitrosation and transnitrosation reactions when successively treated with NO and H2S, thus affording the interchange of NIR fluorescence at 645 nm (NO) and NIR II fluorescence at 936 nm (H2S). In light of this unique fluorescence alternation between two colors, we synthesized water‐soluble BOD‐NH‐SC dots to visualize the intracellular dynamics of NO and H2S. These molecular probes thus provide a toolbox to elucidate the interplaying roles of NO and H2S in the complex interaction networks of various signal transduction pathways.
Quantifying the Likelihood of Structural Models through a Dynamically Enhanced Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Protocol
Authors: Borgmans Sander , Rogge Sven M. J. , De Vos Juul S. , Stevens Christian V. , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStructurally characterizing new materials is tremendously challenging, especially when single crystal structures are hardly available which is often the case for covalent organic frameworks. Yet, knowledge of the atomic structure is key to establish structure‐function relations and enable functional material design. Herein, a new protocol is proposed to unambiguously predict the structure of poorly crystalline materials through a likelihood ordering based on the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Key of the procedure is the broad set of structures generated from a limited number of building blocks and topologies, which is submitted to operando structural characterization. The dynamic averaging in the latter accounts for the operando conditions and inherent temporal character of experimental measurements, yielding unparalleled agreement with experimental powder XRD patterns. The proposed concept can hence unquestionably identify the structure of experimentally synthesized materials, a crucial step to design next generation functional materials.
Effects of thermoplastic poly(ether‐ester) elastomer and bentonite nanoclay on properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Chaiwutthinan Phasawat , Phutfak Naruedee , Larpkasemsuk Amnouy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work presented the influence of thermoplastic poly(ether‐ester) elastomer (TPEE) and bentonite (BTN) on improving the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA was initially melt mixed with TPEE at six different loadings (5–30 wt%) on a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. The mechanical tests revealed an increasing impact strength and elongation at break with increasing TPEE loading, but a diminishing Young's modulus and tensile strength with respect to pure PLA. The blend at 30 wt% TPEE provided the optimum improvement in toughness, exhibiting an increase in the impact strength and elongation at break by 3.21‐ and 10.62‐fold over those of the pure PLA, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated a ductile fractured surface of the blends with the small dispersed TPEE domains in PLA matrix, indicating their immiscibility. The 70/30 (wt/wt) PLA/TPEE blend was subsequently filled with three loadings of BTN (1, 3, and 5 parts by weight per hundred of blend resin [phr]), where the impact strength, Young's modulus, tensile strength and thermal stability of all the blends were improved, while the elongation at break was deteriorated. Among the three nanocomposites, that with 1 phr BTN formed exfoliated structure and so exhibited the highest impact strength, elongation at break, and tensile strength compared to the other intercalated nanocomposites. Moreover, the addition of BTN was found to increase the thermal stability of the neat PLA/TPEE blend due to the barrier properties and high thermal stability of BTN.
Finite‐time event‐triggeredH∞filtering of the continuous‐time switched time‐varying delay linear systems
Authors: He Ziyi , Wu Baowei , Wang Yue‐E , He Mingfei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe finite‐time event‐triggeredH∞filtering of the continuous‐time switched time‐varying delay linear (CSTDL) systems is addressed in the paper. Firstly, by the merging switching signal technique, the CSTDL system and its filtering switched system are established as a filtering error system (FES) with augmented switching signal. And asynchronous switching of switched system modes and filter modes occurs since a mode‐dependent event‐triggered transmission scheme (METS) which determines the system output and switching signal is addressed. Secondly, the sufficient conditions are given to make certain that the FES is finite‐time bounded (FTB) and has a specifiedH∞performance by using the average dwell time (ADT) and multi‐Lyapunov functional method. Furthermore, a finite‐timeH∞filter is composed based on the inequalities of the parameters of the METS. Ultimately, a numerical example is inspired to manifest the availability of the effects in the study.
Sustainable development and profit? A sensemaking perspective on hybrid organisations and their founders
Authors: Reynolds Noelia‐Sarah , Holt Diane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores the sensemaking process of the individual entrepreneurs behind hybrid organisations that seek to both initiate environmental/social change and also generate profit. The work sheds light on how founders of six such organisations set‐up initially in between 1978 and 1991 make sense of themselves and their firm and how this impacts on their business strategies. We examine the life‐stories of these individuals to illuminate their perspectives on their experiences, motives and values. We suggest that both ambition and altruism motivate individuals to become involved in these firms, echoing the paradox of firms seeking both social change and value creation. The work enhances our understanding of both sensemaking theory and success factors for hybrid organisations and strategizing more broadly.
Effect of Methionine Sulfoxide on the Synthesis and Purification of Aggregation‐Prone Peptides
Authors: Reusche Vanessa , Thomas Franziska 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA two‐step synthesis for methionine‐containing hydrophobic and/or aggregation‐prone peptides is presented that takes advantage of the reversibility of methionine oxidation. The use of polar methionine sulfoxide as a building block in solid‐phase peptide synthesis improves the synthesis quality and yields the crude peptide, with significantly improved solubility compared to the reduced species. This facilitates the otherwise often laborious peptide purification by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The subsequent reduction proceeds quantitatively. This approach has been optimised with the methionine‐rich Tar‐DNA‐binding protein 43 (307–347), but is also more generally applicable, as demonstrated by the syntheses of human calcitonin and two aggregation‐prone peptides from the human prion protein.
Carbon Foam Fibers with a Concentric Tube‐Core/Three‐Dimensional Nanosheet‐Sheath Structure for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Gang , Xu Shiwei , Li Bin , Xia Tong , Yu Jian , Shao Feng , Li Hong , Yang Zhi , Su Yanjie , Zhang Yafei , Ma Jie , Hu Nantao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOwing to their superior electrical conductivity and large specific surface areas, carbon nanomaterials are widely applied as hosts for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. However, it is challenging to design and prepare hierarchical porous carbon nanomaterials with unique structures that have excellent performances for Li−S batteries. Herein, hierarchical carbon foam fibers (HPCFs) with a concentric tube‐core/three‐dimensional nanosheet‐sheath structure have been rationally designed and fabricated through solution‐combustion and etching methods, and are suitable for Li−S batteries. The as‐prepared HPCFs, with a sulfur loading of 72 wt.%, possess a high initial discharge capacity of 1097.3 mAh g−1 and 68.7 % retention after 500 cycles at 0.2 C. The as‐designed structure can efficiently improve conductivity, suppress the dissolution of polysulfides, and provide quick electron‐/ion‐transfer channels, which are beneficial for designing advanced sulfur cathodes for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
Classification of urban soils for forensic purposes using supervised self‐organizing maps
Authors: Idrizi Hirijete , Najdoski Metodija , Kuzmanovski Igor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to its transferability, soil has been commonly used as evidence in criminal investigations. In this work, urban soil samples taken from five parks are subject of analysis. Infrared spectroscopy was used as experimental technique. Using this technique, a total number of 80 samples of urban soils were examined. The infrared spectra were properly pre‐processed and were further used for development of classification models based on supervised self‐organizing maps. In order to perform the variable selection and the optimization of the supervised self‐organizing maps in automated manner, genetic algorithms were employed. Using this approach, for three locations with our models, we are able to successfully predict all samples used for external validation, while for the remaining two locations, 96% of the samples, used for external validation, were successfully classified by the developed models. In addition to this, the developed models were used for examination of influence of the weather and the seasonal changes on the composition of the soil. For this purpose, 3 years after the initial soil samples were collected, additional 12 samples were analyzed. All these samples were correctly classified by the previously developed model.
High‐Temperature Proton Conduction in LaSbO4
Authors: Winiarz Piotr , Dzierzgowski Kacper , Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Gazda Maria , Wachowski Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLanthanum orthoantimonate was synthesized using a solid‐state synthesis method. To enhance the possible protonic conductivity, samples with the addition of 1 mol % Ca in La‐site were also prepared. The structure was studied by the means of X‐ray diffraction, which showed that both specimens were single phase. The materials crystallized in the space group P21/n. Dilatometry revealed that the material expanded non‐linearly with the temperature. The nature of this deviation is unknown; however, the calculated linear fraction thermal expansion coefficient was 9.56×10−6 K−1. Electrical properties studies showed that the material is a proton conductor in oxidizing conditions, which was confirmed both by temperature studies in wet in dry air, but also by the H/D isotope exchange experiment. The conductivity was rather modest, peaking at the order of 10−6 S cm−1 at 800 °C, but this could be further improved by microstructure and doping optimization. This is the first time protonic conductivity in lanthanum orthoantimonates is reported.
Helically and Linearly Fused Rylenediimide‐Hexabenzocoronenes
Authors: Dusold Carolin , Haines Philipp , Platzer Benedikt , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerylene‐ as well as naphthalenediimides were fused to hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) at their imide position to realize highly π‐extended donor–acceptor (D–A)‐hybrids. Successful isomer separation in the first step was decisive to guarantee a straightforward synthetic sequence. Hexaphenylbenzenes as precursors were accessed via Diels–Alder reactions and reacted in a Scholl oxidation to yield the respective HBC derivatives. The fully conjugated benzimidazole linker, which separates the electron donating HBC from the electron accepting rylenediimide, enabled the formation of either a linear or a helical configuration. Largely different chemical, physical, and optoelectrical characteristics were noted for the two configurations. What stood out was their aggregation and their excited state deactivation depending on the solvent polarity. Results from global analysis of the femtosecond transient absorption data corroborated the formation of a charge‐transfer (CT) state that is stabilized in the helically fused configuration relative to the linear analogue. However, a comparison with spectroelectrochemical experiments failed to disclose evidence for a charge‐separated (CS) state.
Towards a Better Understanding of Delamination of Multilayer Flexible Packaging Films by Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ügdüler Sibel , De Somer Tobias , Van Geem Kevin M. , Roosen Martijn , Kulawig Andreas , Leineweber Ralf , De Meester Steven 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecycling multilayer plastic packaging is challenging due to its intrinsic compositional heterogeneity. A promising route to increase recycling rates for these materials is delamination, which allows recycling the polymers separately. Yet, this process is not well understood on a fundamental level. This study aimed to obtain first principles‐based insights of the delamination mechanism of multilayer flexible packaging film (MFPF) with carboxylic acids. Delamination of MFPFs was described through a model based on Fick's first law of diffusion and first‐order dissolution kinetics of polyurethane adhesives. The model was experimentally tested on 5 different MFPFs at different temperatures (50–75 °C), formic acid concentrations (50–100 vol %), and solid/liquid (S/L) ratios (0.005, 0.025, and 0.12 g mL−1). Under the studied conditions the model proved to successfully estimate the delamination time of MFPF with the average Theil's Inequality Coefficient (TIC) value of 0.14. Essential for scaling‐up delamination processes is the possibility to use high S/L ratios as the solubility of the adhesive is rarely limiting.
Commentary on the Editor's Notes and Chapters 1, 2, and 3
Authors: Altschuld James W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Editor's Notes were included in this commentary due to the subtle distinction between evaluation as a profession and the more focused idea of specific evaluator competencies, the core of Chapters 1–3. Separating the two concepts was useful and created a canvas upon which to paint these comments. The chapters contain descriptions of the history underlying the 2015–2018 AEA Competencies Task Force, activities it undertook, and the final product, the competencies. Together, they demonstrate an essential competency, documenting processes and products, and are an invaluable record for future evaluators working on the complex challenges that were uncovered. While I will offer other things that might have been in the chapters, the authors are commended for the high bar they set and for contributions to the field of evaluation.
High resolution automated labeling of the hippocampus and amygdala using a 3D convolutional neural network trained on whole brain 700 μm isotropic 7T MP2RAGE MRI
Authors: Pardoe Heath R. , Antony Arun Raj , Hetherington Hoby , Bagić Anto I. , Shepherd Timothy M. , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Pan Jullie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImage labeling using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a template‐free alternative to traditional morphometric techniques. We trained a 3D deep CNN to label the hippocampus and amygdala on whole brain 700 μm isotropic 3D MP2RAGE MRI acquired at 7T. Manual labels of the hippocampus and amygdala were used to (i) train the predictive model and (ii) evaluate performance of the model when applied to new scans. Healthy controls and individuals with epilepsy were included in our analyses. Twenty‐one healthy controls and sixteen individuals with epilepsy were included in the study. We utilized the recently developed DeepMedic software to train a CNN to label the hippocampus and amygdala based on manual labels. Performance was evaluated by measuring the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between CNN‐based and manual labels. A leave‐one‐out cross validation scheme was used. CNN‐based and manual volume estimates were compared for the left and right hippocampus and amygdala in healthy controls and epilepsy cases. The CNN‐based technique successfully labeled the hippocampus and amygdala in all cases. Mean DSC = 0.88 ± 0.03 for the hippocampus and 0.8 ± 0.06 for the amygdala. CNN‐based labeling was independent of epilepsy diagnosis in our sample (p = .91). CNN‐based volume estimates were highly correlated with manual volume estimates in epilepsy cases and controls. CNNs can label the hippocampus and amygdala on native sub‐mm resolution MP2RAGE 7T MRI. Our findings suggest deep learning techniques can advance development of morphometric analysis techniques for high field strength, high spatial resolution brain MRI.
Prognostic analysis of antibody typing and treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome‐related recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Liu Zhilan , Sun Si , Xu Haijing , Zhang Xiaoxin , Chen Chao , Fu Ruojin , Li Congcong , Guo Feng , Zhao Aimin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of antibody typing and treatment on live birth rate in Chinese patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)‐related recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).MethodsA retrospective study analyzed 4542 Chinese patients who experienced spontaneous abortion, of whom 314 had APS (272 primary and 42 secondary). Type of antibodies was tested. Anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory treatments were adopted according to the titer and type of antibodies. The incidence of repeated abortion and placental dysfunction, gestational age, and mean weight of the fetuses were recorded.ResultsAmong the patients with APS‐related RSA, primary APS accounted for the largest proportion. The proportion of antibody classification was as follows: β2‐glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1)‐IgM (151, 48.08%), lupus anticoagulant (LAC) (36, 11.46%), anticardiolipin (aCL)‐IgM (32, 10.19%), β2GP1‐IgM and aCL‐IgM (29, 9.23%), and aCL‐IgG (16, 5.09%). After treatment, the negative conversion of antibody, including β2GP1‐IgM and LAC, significantly improved pregnancy outcomes. There was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes between the other antibody titers.ConclusionThe combination of anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory treatment led to a higher live birth rate in the treatment of APS‐related RSA, highlighting the potential of antibody typing in providing clinical guidance for the treatment of APS‐related RSA.
Clinical care of the geriatric horse
Authors: Jarvis Nicola 
Published: January 2021

Background: Geriatric horses account for a significant proportion of the UK horse population and therefore age‐related conditions are commonly encountered in equine practice.Aim of the article: This review aims to provide an overview of the practical approach to managing osteoarthritis, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, dental disease, weight loss and nutrition and colic in geriatric horses.
LncRNA CHRF aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by enhancing autophagy via modulation of the miR‐182‐5p/ATG7 pathway
Authors: Mo Yipeng , Wu Hairuo , Zheng Xiaojun , Xu Lin , Liu Liangliang , Liu Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a very frequent cardiovascular disease and one of the leading causes of death. Abundant evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial players in myocardial I/R injury. LncRNA cardiac hypertrophy‐related factor (CHRF) has been revealed as an important modulator in cardiac disease. However, the function of CHRF in myocardial I/R injury is unclear. In our current work, we found that the expression of CHRF was upregulated in myocardial I/R injury models. Suppression of CHRF relieved myocardial I/R injury in vivo. In addition, in vitro silencing of CHRF enhanced cell viability and attenuated lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) as well as apoptosis in H9C2 cells treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Autophagy has been studied to play an important role in myocardial I/R injury. Thus, experiments related to autophagy were done, and the results showed that CHRF knockdown decreased autophagy. For the exploration of the regulatory mechanism, we found that CHRF sequestered and negatively regulated miR‐182‐5p to release its inhibition on ATG7. Findings from rescue assays revealed that ATG7 overexpression could suppress the effects of CHRF silence on cell viability, LDH level, apoptosis, and autophagy. To sum up, our results suggested that CHRF exacerbated myocardial I/R injury by enhancing autophagy via modulation of the miR‐182‐5p/ATG7 pathway. Therefore, this competing endogenous RNA axis may be a potential therapeutic biomarker for myocardial I/R injury.