bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and Usefulness of YouTube Videos Related to Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Patient Information
Authors: Levin Marc , Wu Vincent , Lee Daniel J. , Cusimano Michael D. , Lee John M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives This article evaluates the completeness and accuracy of YouTube videos related to endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) as a source for patient information.
Design YouTube was searched using relevant terms pertaining to ETS. Videos were evaluated independently by two physician reviewers experienced in ETS. Video demographics including uploader source along with validity scores based on predetermined checklists were captured.
Setting Internet.
Participants Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures A novel ETS scoring checklist, the modified DISCERN criteria, and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark score were used to measure completeness and accuracy of videos. video power index (VPI) was calculated to reflect popularity. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for rater agreement.
Results Seventy-nine videos were included in final scoring and analysis. The ETS score, DISCERN, JAMA, and mean VPI across all included videos were 5.0 ± 2.7, 2.4 ± 0.83, 2.19 ± 0.62, and 8.92 ± 18.1, respectively. Based on the ETS score checklist, 31 (39%) of the videos were rated as poor, 30 (38%) were moderately useful, 17 (22%) were useful, and 1 (1%) was exceptional. There was a significant positive correlation between the ETS, DISCERN, and JAMA scores (p < 0.001), but no correlation with VPI and the validity scores. There were no significant differences comparing validity scores based on the uploader source.
Conclusion YouTube videos related to ETS have limited usefulness and poor overall validity for patient information. Clinicians should direct patients to other validated sources of information and aim to improve the comprehensiveness of ETS-related videos.
Return to Work after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty under the Age of 65 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Van Leemput Dries , Neirynck Jef , Berger Pieter , Vandenneucker Hilde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA growing number of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is at working age and need to return to work (RTW) after surgery. The aim of this systematic review is to give an overview of the literature regarding RTW after TKA and beneficial and limiting factors influencing this process. A systematic search in four electronic databases was conducted in November 2019 to identify studies describing RTW after primary TKA in patients aged 65 years or younger. Study characteristics and data on work status before and after surgery were extracted. All studies were assessed for risk of bias. Fourteen studies published between 2009 and 2019 were included in this review, accounting for a total of 3,073 patients. The percentage of patients working after TKA ranged from 36 to 89%, and the fraction of patients working before and returning to work after surgery ranged from 40 to 98%. Mean time of RTW ranged from 7.7 to 16.6 weeks. Most important factors associated with a slower or no RTW were a more physical nature of employment and preoperative absence from work. The majority of patients undergoing TKA returned to work postoperatively. However, comparison between studies is seriously hampered by the wide variation regarding the definition and timeframe used to measure the work status. Therefore, standardized outcome measures for studies investigating RTW after TKA are warranted. We identify this review as level-I evidence (systematic review of level-I and level-II studies).
Use of a Spacer Block Tool for Assessment of Joint Line Position during Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gungor Harun R. , Ok Nusret 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a tendency of orthopaedic surgeons to elevate joint line (JL) in revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). Here, we ascertain the use of the spacer block tool (SBT) to determine JL more accurately for less experienced RTKA surgeons. To perform more precise restoration of JL, an SBT with markers was developed and produced using computer software and three-dimensional printers. The study was planned prospectively to include patients who received either condylar constrained or rotating hinge RTKA between January 2016 and December 2019. To determine JL, distance from fibular head (FH), adductor tubercle (AT), and medial epicondyle (ME) were measured on contralateral knee preoperative radiographs and on operated knee postoperative radiographs. Patients were randomized and grouped according to the technique of JL reconstruction. In Group 1, conventional methods by evaluating aforementioned landmarks and preoperative contralateral knee measurements were used to determine JL, whereas in Group 2, the SBT was used. The main outcome measure was the JL change in revised knee postoperatively in contrast to contralateral knee to compare effective restoration of JL between the groups. Twenty-five patients in Group 1 (3 males, 22 females, 72 years, body mass index [BMI] 32.04 ± 4.45) and 20 patients (7 males, 13 females, 74 years, BMI 30.12 ± 5.02) in Group 2 were included in the study. JL measurements for the whole group were FH-JL = 18.3 ± 3.8 mm, AT-JL = 45.8 ± 4.6 mm, and ME-JL = 27.1 ± 2.8 mm preoperatively, and FH-JL = 20.7 ± 4.2 mm, AT-JL = 43.4 ± 5.2 mm, and ME-JL = 24.7 ± 3.1 mm postoperatively. JL level differences in reference to FH, AT, and ME in Group 1 were 3.6 ± 3.1, 3.6 ± 3.5, and 3.4 ± 3.1 mm, respectively, and in Group 2 were 1.0 ± .0.9, 1.3 ± 1.3, and 1.1 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in JL changes referenced to all of the specific landmarks (p < 0.05). The use of the SBT helped restore JL effectively in our cohort of RTKA patients. Therefore, this tool may become a useful and inexpensive gadget for less experienced and low-volume RTKA surgeons.
Alteplase and Adjuvant Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gottula Adam L. , Barreto Andrew D. , Adeoye Opeolu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a time sensitive medical emergency and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV alteplase) is currently the only proven effective medication for the treatment of AIS with promising adjuvant medications currently under investigation. Recent advances in endovascular thrombectomy have broadened therapeutic options in specific patient populations, with modern treatment strategies utilizing advanced imaging modalities to extend the window for treatment. In all cases, rapid treatment remains a priority. The future of IV alteplase and the changing standard for treatment of AIS remain unwritten with the increasing evidence for imaging selection for both endovascular thrombectomy and IV alteplase, while novel adjuncts are under investigation. In this article, we review the history of IV alteplase investigations for stroke, evidence for thrombectomy as an adjunct to IV alteplase, and the potential of novel adjuvant therapeutics currently under investigation.
Glycoconjugate pathway connections revealed by sequence similarity network analysis of the monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases
Authors: O’Toole Katherine H. , Imperiali Barbara , Allen Karen N. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Glycoconjugates and glycopolymers are involved in critical and varied biological functions across domains of life. Many of these complex molecules are biosynthesized via multistep membrane-associated pathways initiated through the action of phosphoglycosyl transferases (PGTs) and propagated by the collective action of glycosyl transferases. PGTs comprise two distinct superfamilies of enzymes, and, although the ubiquitous polytopic PGTs exhibit a familiar multi-transmembrane helical structure, the strictly prokaryotic monotopic PGTs feature a core signature structure with a reentrant membrane helix and a highly conserved soluble domain. In the presented analysis these motifs provide a “lynch pin” for positively identifying over 38,000 nonredundant superfamily members and their genome neighborhoods. From this foundation, fusions of the monotopic PGT reveal insight into pathway function and regulation.
Liquid-crystal-based topological photonics
Authors: Abbaszadeh Hamed , Fruchart Michel , van Saarloos Wim , Vitelli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceLiquid crystals are complex fluids that combine a unique ability to manipulate light with the reconfigurability of soft materials. They are at the core of modern display technology. Here, we suggest that nematic liquid crystals can also be used as building blocks of topological materials key to realize protected unidirectional waveguides, sensors, and lasers. Building on recent advances in liquid-crystal technology, we propose that suitable spatial modulations of the nematic director field are sufficient to assemble topological photonic materials. These ideas pave the way for fully reconfigurable photonic devices based on topologically protected states.
The Role of Law Enforcement Officers in Responding to the Opioid Epidemic: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Pike Erika , Tillson Martha , Staton Michele , Webster J. Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Background Opioid-related overdose deaths continue to rise with the ongoing opioid epidemic. In response, changes in the role of law enforcement officers have included being trained to administer naloxone to reverse overdoses and offering navigation and referrals to substance use treatment. Methods This secondary data analysis includes qualitative data from law enforcement officers collected as part of a mixed-methods needs assessment from one Kentucky county. Law enforcement officers ( n = 151) responded to a confidential, online survey using Qualtrics and a subsample also completed a qualitative interview ( n = 6). Open-ended questions in the online survey and interviews included how the opioid epidemic has affected the individual's profession, specifically their role in reversing overdoses and providing referrals to individuals who misuse opioids. Results Law enforcement officers surveyed indicated that they have expanded their professional roles to include providing naloxone to reverse opioid overdoses and referrals. While their specific roles and duties have changed to include naloxone administration to reverse opioid overdoses and providing referrals, officers felt that this was just part of their job in responding to the needs of the community. Officers reported that they have learned how to use (99%) and carry naloxone (87%) to reverse opioid related overdoses. The majority (92%) reported providing referrals (e.g., treatment and harm reduction resources) to individuals who misuse opioids. Conclusions The opioid epidemic has changed the roles of law enforcement officers, including providing naloxone to reverse overdoses and referrals for treatment. Future research should continue to explore how substance misuse in the community changes the roles of law enforcement officers and how to best train and support officers as their roles evolve in response to these changes.
Computational approaches to non-convex, sparsity-inducing multi-penalty regularization
Authors: Kereta Željko , Maly Johannes , Naumova Valeriya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we consider numerical efficiency and convergence rates for solvers of non-convex multi-penalty formulations when reconstructing sparse signals from noisy linear measurements. We extend an existing approach, based on reduction to an augmented single-penalty formulation, to the non-convex setting and discuss its computational intractability in large-scale applications. To circumvent this limitation, we propose an alternative single-penalty reduction based on infimal convolution that shares the benefits of the augmented approach but is computationally less dependent on the problem size. We provide linear convergence rates for both approaches, and their dependence on design parameters. Numerical experiments substantiate our theoretical findings.
Parametrix for the inverse source problem of thermoacoustic tomography with reduced data
Authors: Eller M , Kunyansky L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Our goal is to solve the inverse source problem of thermo- and photoacoustic tomography, with data registered on an open surface partially surrounding the source of acoustic waves. The proposed modified time reversal algorithm recovers the source term up to an infinitely smooth error term. Similarly to (Eller M et al 2020 Inverse Problems
36 085012), numerical simulations show that the error term is quite small in practical terms. Unlike the latter method, the present technique is applicable in the presence of a known variable speed of sound. It is also significantly more efficient from a computational standpoint. It can be implemented using either standard finite difference techniques or through methods based on separation of variables, that for special geometries yield extremely fast image reconstruction. We illustrate our results with numerical simulations in 2 and 3 spatial dimensions.
Tunable triple-band and broad-band convertible metamaterial absorber with bulk Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Ban Shihao , Meng Haiyu , Zhai Xiang , Xue Xiongxiong , Lin Qi , Li Hongjian , Wang Lingling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a convertible metamaterial device with triple-band and broad-band characteristics based on bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) and vanadium dioxide (VO2). When VO2 is in the fully insulating state, the proposed convertible device presents three distinctive absorption peaks in terahertz (THz) range with absorptance >98%. Absorptance spectra analysis shows a clear independence on the conductivity of VO2 when the device act as a triple-band absorber. When VO2 is in the fully metallic state, the convertible device expresses a broad-band absorption. In addition, this broad-band absorptivity can be continuously adjusted by changing the conductivity of VO2. Importantly, without making any changes to the structure parameters, the system exhibits unique convertible mechanism from triple-band to broad-band absorption. Electric field distributions are further discussed to explore the physical origin of this convertible absorber. Benefitting from the variable Fermi level of BDS, resonance frequency can be dynamically tuned. This design approach combined the use of BDS and VO2 not only paves a new way to realize a convertible absorber from triple-band to broad-band absorption, but also enables us to control the resonance frequency and absorption intensity in THz range. It is believed that the tunable converter provides plentiful applications such as modulator, energy harvesting and optic-electro switches.
Realizing the stable spectrum in four-chromatic white organic light-emitting diodes by controlling the positions of various emitters in the bipolar interlayer
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Tianqing , Yang Jie , Cao Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Maintaining a stable spectrum in white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with multi-emissive layers (EMLs) remains a challenge. Herein, four-chromatic (blue–green–red–orange) WOLED with stable spectrum based on ultrathin EMLs and mixed bipolar interlayers was fabricated. We discovered that the locations of various color EMLs in the bipolar interlayers are essential for achieving the stable spectrum. The direct carrier trapping effects which destabilize the spectrum can be suppressed by placing red and green EMLs with both hole and electron traps in the middle of the bipolar interlayer and placing blue and orange EMLs with single-carrier traps on the two sides of the bipolar interlayer respectively. The resulting device exhibited the negligible color coordinate shifts of (0.008, 0.010) during the wide brightness range from 1000 cd m−2 to 10 000 cd m−2. Moreover, a high color rendering index of approximately 90 was obtained simultaneously. Our work demonstrated a significant method to achieve stable spectra in multi-EML WOLEDs based on bipolar interlayer.
Impedimetric characterization of normal and cancer cell responses after nano-pulse stimulation
Authors: Zhang Long , Shi Fukun , Guo Jinsong , Wang Qun , Kolb Juergen F , Wang Weidong , Wu Xiaodong , Zhuang Jie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the potential selective effects of nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) on adherent cancer and normal cells using impedance spectroscopy. A constant phase element was used to separate the impedance of electrode polarization from the overall measured impedance. Its amplitude was further related to cell-to-substrate distance, D
cs, which describes the gap between cells and substrate. Dielectric properties of subcellular components were extracted based on a single-shell dielectric model for individual cells and were consequently used to calculate the induced transmembrane potentials (TMPs). Afterward, a Cole–Cole model was utilized to represent the impedance of cell monolayers. The model parameter, R
0, representing resistance at low frequency, was related to the paracellular distance, D
cc. Results showed that cancer cells could suffer a higher degree of electroporation than normal cells when exposed to the same NPS. This selective NPS effect was reflected by a greater decrease of the Cole model parameter, α, and larger induced TMPs for cancer cells. D
cc was pulse number-dependent for both types of cells after exposure (four and eight pulses, 100 ns, 660 V). D
cs showed lingering effects even 24 h after exposure to 8 ns pulses for both cancer and normal cells, suggesting that intense NPS can induce long-term changes of the cell-to-substrate interface.
Combined SEM-CL and STEM investigation of green InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Ding B , Jarman J , Kappers M J , Oliver R A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The microstructure of green-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) samples grown at different temperatures was studied using cross-section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and plan-view cathodoluminescence (CL). The sample with the lowest InGaN growth temperature exhibits microscale variations in the CL intensity across the sample surface. Using STEM analysis of such areas, the observed darker patches do not correspond to any observable extended defect. Instead, they are related to changes in the extent of gross-well width fluctuations in the QWs, with more brightly emitting regions exhibiting a high density of such fluctuations, whilst dimmer regions were seen to have InGaN QWs with a more uniform thickness.
Construction of a novel direct Z-scheme heterostructure consisting of ReS2 nanoflowers and In2S3 nanohoneycombs for improving photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Qiujie , Cheng Yufei , Chen Lida , Sun Qian , Zhao Junfeng , Fan Jun , Miao Hui , Hu Xiaoyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In2S3 (β-In2S3), semiconducting chalcogenide with desirable physicochemical properties, has fascinated researchers in photoelectrochemistry. Because of its wide band gap, In2S3 can utilize solar energy below 600 nm. However, rapid photogenerated electron–hole recombination and low quantum efficiency have limited the practical application of In2S3 in this field. In a two-step in situ hydrothermal process we introduced a narrow band gap semiconductor (ReS2) below the In2S3 and constructed a direct Z-scheme heterostructure with nanoflower and honeycomb morphology. The formation of a direct Z-scheme heterostructure and coordination of the trap-like structure of the composite give a wider absorption range, higher migration and separation efficiency, and faster interfacial transfer speed than for pristine In2S3, and the photoelectrochemical performance is approximately three times better than that of pristine In2S3 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under sunlight. This method therefore provides a new prospect for optimizing the performance of In2S3 and applying the novel heterojunction.
Statistical analysis of the excited-state quantum phase transitions in the interacting boson model
Authors: Dong Wen-Ting , Zhang Yu , He Bing-Cheng , Pan Feng , Luo Yan-An , Draayer J P , Karampagia S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The spectral fluctuations and transition intensity fluctuations in the excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) have been investigated within the framework of the interacting boson model (IBM) by adopting three statistical measures, including the nearest neighbor level spacing distribution P(S) measuring the chaoticity (regularity) in energy spectra, the Δ3(L) statistics of Dyson and Mehta measuring the spectral rigidity and the intensity distribution P(y) measuring the chaoticity (regularity) in B(E0) transitions. The results indicate that that the ESQPT as a function of the excitation energy may occur as a transition from regular (or semiregular) to highly chaotic if only the associated whole spectrum is chaotic, which fits most of the deformed situations in the IBM including those in the U(5)–SU(3) and SU(3)–O(6) transitional regions. Otherwise, the ESQPT will appear as a transition from regular (or semiregular) to regular such as the cases in the U(5)–O(6) transitional region or those on the ‘Alhassid–Whelan arc’, which represents a nearly regular parameter region connecting the U(5) and SU(3) limits in the IBM.
Cancellation of one-loop corrections to scalar masses in flux compactification with higher dimensional operators
Authors: Hirose Takuya , Maru Nobuhito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We further study the cancellation of the one-loop corrections to the scalar mass in a six dimensional SU(2) gauge theory with higher dimensional operators, which is compactified on a torus with magnetic flux. Higher dimensional operators also contribute to the corrections to the scalar mass nontrivially. We explicitly show by the diagrammatic calculations that the corrections are exactly canceled even with the leading terms of the higher dimensional operators.
Electric-field-generated topological states in a silicene nanotube
Authors: Cassiano J V V , Martins G B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Applying an electric field perpendicular to the axis of a silicene armchair nanotube allows us to numerically study the formation of eight topological edge states as silicene’s intrinsic spin–orbit gap is closed by the sublattice-staggered electrostatic potential created by the electric field. Following their evolution with electric field, it is revealed that, at very small fields, these eight states are very broad, spin-locked, and sublattice constrained, inheriting their properties from the K and K′ states in a silicene two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Four of those states are centered at the very top of the nanotube and the other four states are centered at the very bottom. As the field increases, each state starts to become narrower and to spread its spectral weight to the other sublattice. With further increase of the field, each state starts to spatially split, while the sublattice spreading continues. Once the spectral weight of each state is distributed evenly among both sublattices, the state has also effectively split into two spatially disconnected parts, after which, further increasing of the field will spread apart the two halves, moving them to the lateral regions of the nanotube, at the same time that the state halves become narrower. This is consistent with the formation of topological edge states, which delimit four ribbon-like topologically different regions: top and bottom topologically trivial ‘ribbons’ (where the electric field has induced a topological phase transition) that are adjacent to two topologically nontrivial ‘ribbons’ located at opposing sides of the nanotube. We also briefly access the possibility of observing these edge states by calculating the electronic properties for an electric field configuration that can be more readily produced in the laboratory.