bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slope Stability of an Earth Dam during Drawdown Conditions (KHASA-CHAI Dam) as a Case Study
Authors: Jayed Zedan Adnan , Ridha Faris Mariwan , Amer Abdulsattar Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Aiming in this research was to have a clear view about the behavior of Khasa-Chai Dam during the draw down action taking into consideration the newly built of this dam which was filling during the time of this article, the upstream slope was investigated by taking drawdown of the water from the reservoir. This dam is consists of the zoned embankment with a total length of (2.36 km) with an upstream slope (1v:3h) and downstream slope (1v:2h). Slope stability was investigated during the drawdown of the water from the reservoir by considering the water in the reservoir to be at maximum water level and by taking two cases during the rapid and slow drawdown. SLOPE/W which is a sub program from Geo-Slope software was used in association with SEEP/W software to find the factor of safety of the upstream slip surface during the drawdown conditions. It was noticed from the drawdown conditions that the phreatic line falls almost at the same position for both cases. Also for both cases the factor of safety of the upstream slip surface falls above the value of (1.0) and that is mean the upstream slope is in a safe condition when the water drawdown. The exit gradient and the rate of flow at the downstream face decrease with time as the water in the reservoir drawdown which means the factor of safety against boiling increases with time.Â Â
Elevated Temperature Effects on the Behavior of One-Way Fi-brous Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Mazin B. Abdul-Rahman Dr. , Alya'a A. Al-attar Dr. , M. Younus Amenah 
Published: March 2021

In this research, the effect of elevated temperature on the flexural behavior of one-way reinforced concrete slabs under service static loads contain different volume fraction (0.25% , 0.75% and 1.25%) of steel fibers and different addition ratios (15%, 20% and 25%) of fly ash in addition to the reference slabs with not any additives was studied. For this purpose, thirty cylinders (150 *300)mm , thirty prisms (100 * 100 * 500)mm and forty one-way slabs (900 * 350 * 70) mm were cast and tested. The one-way tested slabs were divided into two groups. The first group (of twenty slabs) were tested to determine the ultimate flexural strength under static loads at normal temperature. While the second group (of twenty slabs) were tested to determine the flexural behavior of slabs under static service loads at elevated temperature (using burning furnace). In this test, the samples are exposed to rising temperature reached 850℃. From these tests, the relationships between the load and mid-span deflection as well as the relations between the fire-time and mid-span deflection are measured. The results showed that the addition of steel fibers and fly ash particles will enhance the flexural behavior of concrete slabs. The highest increase in ultimate load compared to the reference slab was (28.31%) at the volume ratio 1.25% of the steel fibers and 25% of the fly ash at normal temperatures , And the rate of increase of the deflection with fire time was the lowest increase rate is 14.1% at the volume of 1.25% of steel fibers and the proportion of weight 20% of fly ash at high temperature.
Comparison of different algorithms in laboratory diagnosis of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Balderacchi Alice M. , Barzon Valentina , Ottaviani Stefania , Corino Alessandra , Zorzetto Michele , Wencker Marion , Corsico Angelo G. , Ferrarotti Ilaria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited condition that predisposes individuals to an increased risk of developing lung and liver disease. Even though AATD is one of the most widespread inherited diseases in Caucasian populations, only a minority of affected individuals has been detected. Whereas methods have been validated for AATD testing, there is no universally-established algorithm for the detection and diagnosis of the disorder. In order to compare different methods for diagnosing AATD, we carried out a systematic review of the literature on AATD diagnostic algorithms.

Methods
Complete biochemical and molecular analyses of 5,352 samples processed in our laboratory were retrospectively studied using each of the selected algorithms.

Results
When applying the diagnostic algorithms to the same samples, the frequency of False Negatives varied from 1.94 to 12.9%, the frequency of True Negatives was 62.91% for each algorithm and the frequency of True Positives ranged from 24.19 to 35.15%. We, therefore, highlighted some differences among Negative Predictive Values, ranging from 0.83 to 0.97. Accordingly, the sensitivity of each algorithm ranged between 0.61 and 0.95. We also postulated 1.108 g/L as optimal AAT cut-off value, in absence of inflammatory status, which points to the possible presence of genetic AATD.

Conclusions
The choice of the diagnostic algorithm has a significant impact on the correct diagnosis of AATD, which is essential for appropriate treatment and medical care. The fairly large number of possible false negative diagnoses revealed by the present paper should also warn clinicians of negative results in patients with clinically-suspected AATD.
Analysis of dangers in the operation of city buses at the intersections
Authors: Olejnik Krzysztof 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Operation of motor vehicles should take into account the elimination of the possibility of accidents. The article considers selected problems occurring in the operation of public transport buses at intersections. Compliance with the requirements of the safety system during signal change on the signaling device controlling traffic at the intersection was analyzed. The human factor in ergonomics is important. Ending the green signal display (in special situations) causes a dilemma of decisions. The driver brakes abruptly (resulting in potentially harming passengers on the bus) or passes through a signal light displaying a red signal. The need to introduce changes in the regulations that would allow the introduction of adequate solutions was pointed out. These are activities in the area of the active safety system in the operation of vehicles in road traffic. The need to provide advance information and change the provisions in applicable law has been demonstrated.
Consumption of gasoline in vehicles equipped with an LPG retrofit system in real driving conditions
Authors: Grzelak Paulina , Taubert Sławomir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Vehicles equipped with an LPG retrofit system are always started on gasoline. Therefore, part of the vehicle's annual mileage will be run on gasoline. This article describes the results of tests conducted on a vehicle equipped with a propane-butane gas retrofit system (LPG system) regarding gasoline consumption in the LPG mode depending on the temperature at which the engine is started. The research was carried out on a passenger car from the C segment with an engine with indirect gasoline injection system. Based on these studies, the analysis of various vehicle use scenarios and the related gasoline consumption in relation to LPG consumption was made.
Radiative transfer in a Solar CPC Photoreactor using the First-Order Scattering Method
Authors: Valades-Pelayo Patricio J. , Ramirez-Cabrera Manuel A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This manuscript analyzes the suitability of a recently proposed numerical method, the First-Order Scattering Method (FOS), to describe radiation transfer in a Solar Compound Parabolic Collector Photoreactor (CPCP). The study considers five different irradiance conditions ranging from fully diffuse to fully direct solar radiation, with 90 and 45° angled rays. Three photocatalysts at different loadings were considered: Evonik P25, Graphene Oxide, and Goethite, selected due to (1) their relevance in photocatalytic applications and (2) the availability of optical transport properties in the open literature. The study shows that the method is efficient and free of statistical noise, while its accuracy is not affected by the boundary condition’s complexity. The method’s accuracy is very high for photocatalysts with low to moderate albedos, such as Goethite and Graphene Oxide, displaying Normalized Absoluted Mean Error below 3%, i.e., comparable to the Monte Carlo (MC) Method’s statistical fluctuations.
Variability as normal as apple pie
Authors: Verspoor Marjolijn , Lowie Wander , de Bot Kees 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent studies in second language (L2) development, notably within the focus of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), non-systematic variation has been extensively studied as intra-individual variation, which we will refer to asvariability. This paper argues that variability is functional and is needed for development. With examples of four longitudinal case studies we hope to show that variability over time provides valuable information about the process of development. Phases of increased variability in linguistic constructions are often a sign that the learner is trying out different constructions, and as such variability can be evidence for change, and change can be learning. Also, a limited degree of variability is inherent in automatic or controlled processes. Conversely, the absence of variability is likely to show that no learning is going on or the system is frozen.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf den Justizvollzug
Authors: Schaerff Marcus 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Auch im Justizvollzug hat die derzeitige COVID-19-Pandemie mit der Suspendierung (nahezu) aller extra- und auch intramuraler Kontakte der Gefangenen (u. a. Verbot von Gefangenenbesuchen) zu einschneidenden Maßnahmen geführt. Darüber hinaus haben die Bundesländer auch Schritte zur zeitweisen Reduktion der Gefangenenpopulation, insbesondere durch die Aussetzung der Vollstreckung von Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen, unternommen. Bietet dieser noch nie dagewesene – zumindest temporäre – Vollstreckungsverzicht nicht endlich den bislang fehlenden Impuls, den Weg zu einer anderen, weniger nachteilbehafteten Reaktion auf die Nichtzahlung einer Geldstrafe zu beschreiten? Könnte dies nicht der Ausbau der gemeinnützigen Arbeit als primäre Ersatzstrafe sein?
The mutual singularity of the relative multifractal measures
Authors: Douzi Zied , Selmi Bilel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
M. Das proved that the relative multifractal measures are mutually singular for the self-similar measures satisfying the significantly weaker open set condition. The aim of this paper is to show that these measures are mutually singular in a more general framework. As examples, we apply our main results to quasi-Bernoulli measures.
Crystal structure of 3-(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, C9H12O5
Authors: Hou Xuehui , Wang Qinglong , Wang Jianling , Li Aiqin , Ding Degang , Lv Quanjian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C9H12O5, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 5.6537(6) Å, b = 7.7954(8) Å, c = 10.6841(9) Å, α = 102.238(8)°, β = 95.381(8)°, γ = 90.940(9)°, V = 457.83(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0673, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2279, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-aqua-tetraaqua-(μ3-glutarato-κ4
O,O′:O′:O′′)-(μ5-glutarato-κ6
O:O,O′:O′:O′′:O′′′)distrontium(II)], C10H22O13Sr2
Authors: Bouhali Amira , Dridi Rawiya , Boudaren Chaouki , Boudraa Mhamed , Merazig Hocine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C10H22O13Sr2, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 13.9371(13) Å, b = 14.3873(14) Å, c = 9.1536(8) Å, β = 104.958(4)°, V = 1773.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0294, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0785, T = 273(2) K.
Final Lines of Defense: Explaining Policy Advocacy by Immigrant-Serving Organizations
Authors: Calderon Maria Apolonia , Chand Daniel E. , Hawes Daniel P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonprofit scholars have developed a rich literature on nonprofit advocacy. While the literature is rich, however, gaps remain in our collective knowledge, especially regarding specific sectors of nonprofit human service organizations. Here, we apply existing theory on advocacy by human service organizations to an important subset of the nonprofit community, that being immigrant-serving organizations (ISOs). Most prior research on nonprofit advocacy has not focused on politically polarized issues, such as contemporary immigration policy. Using a nationwide survey of ISOs, we find that unlike other types of human service organizations, the majority of ISOsdoengage in at least some forms of policy advocacy. However, those that report using the H-election status on their Form 990s are significantly more likely to engage in advocacy and do so to a wide variety of policymakers, including legislators, chief executives, and even local law enforcement agencies. H-election groups are also more likely to perceive their advocacy activities as effective. These findings add to the evolving knowledge on when and how human service groups seek policy change for marginalized groups.
Implementación de un modelo de planeación estratégica para una empresa de servicios de la construcción
Authors: Sandoval Acevedo María Camila , Escobar Salas Mauricio Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

Mediante un estudio de caso se tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo de planeación estratégica para determinar las políticas y la metodología para que Unión Constructora Álamos S.A.S., una empresa familiar con 14 años de trayectoria ubicada en Pereira, que trabaja en brindar soluciones de mantenimiento y construcción para infraestructura industrial, institucional y residencial, tenga una hoja de ruta en su actuar, basada en su experiencia y en el modelo de gestión que ha llevado a cabo.
Responde a la necesidad de esta empresa en tener un modelo de planeación estratégica, que le permita explorar nuevas metas. Se ha identificado la importancia de pensar a largo plazo potenciando sus fortalezas y aprovechando las oportunidades que ofrece el entorno. Se contemplará también reconocer y actuar ante las amenazas en el sector y minimizar las debilidades que se presentan al interior de la organización.
Determining patterns in the use of finishing formulations for trimming the Crust leather
Authors: Lуpskyі Tymofiі , Pervaia Nataliia , Okhmat Olena , Mokrousova Olena , Babych Аntonina 
Published: March 2021

This paper has considered the possibility of using new finishing formulations to finish the Crust leather, manufactured from cattle raw materials aimed to finish shoes and leather garments.The quality indicators of finishing formulations and their elementary chemical composition have been investigated. It was found that the finishing formulations possess a high covering capacity due to the presence of mineral pigments in their composition. X-ray fluorescent analysis has proven that the presence of chromium pigments and copper compounds renders the green color to the composition; the compounds of cobalt, copper, iron, chromium ‒ blue color; cobalt compounds ‒ reddish-brown color.It has been established that the finishing formulations are resistant to the effect of electrolytes of different nature over a wide pH interval, from 2 to 11.When determining the uniformity of the composition by using a chromatography method involving fan-shaped paper, it was found that the composition of blue has a pronounced purple hue, of reddish-brown – red.The effectiveness of the use of finishing formulations to finish the Crust leather has been proven by determining the indicators of its quality. The finishing formulations give the Crust high resistance to dry (exceeding 500 rotations) and wet friction (exceeding 150 rotations), multiple bending (exceeding 50,000 rotations), the effect of water (2 to 5 points), and organic solvents (2 to 4 points). At the same time, the finishing formulations are characterized by rapid diffusion into the structure of the leather with a natural front surface with the simultaneous provision of specific properties to it. Specifically: water-repelling properties (hydrophobicity), shine, wax grain, matte, saturated homogeneous color. The leather with the introduced finishing formulations does not require fixing the resulting coating with water-based varnish.It is recommended to use the finishing formulations in the production of Crust leather shoe top by applying them onto the surface by spraying or using a brush to create the desired effect
A study of bioethanol fuel characteristics in the combustion chamber of gasoline engine using magnetization technology
Authors: Ulfiana Andi , Nufus Tatun Hayatun , Ridwan Emir , Ekayuliana Arifia , Abadi Cecep Slamet , Apriana Asep , Susanto Iwan 
Published: March 2021

Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second. The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete
Estimating the dynamics of a machine-tractor assembly considering the effect of the supporting surface profile
Authors: Galych Ivan , Antoshchenkov Roman , Antoshchenkov Viktor , Lukjanov Igor , Diundik Sergey , Kis Oleksandr 
Published: March 2021

Results of theoretical studies of dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly taking into account the influence of a bearing surface profile were presented. It was established that in the course of operation, the machine-tractor assembly is exposed to a number of external factors leading to a change of vertical loads on the chassis and the engine. Mathematical models of dynamics of a tractor and a machine and a tractor unit consisting of a tractor of pivotally connected arrangement and a trailed sower were constructed. Such models make it possible to study dynamics and oscillatory processes of multi-element units. A mathematical model of tractor wheel dynamics was formed. Speeds and angles of orientation of elements of the machine-tractor assembly in space were determined. Influence of profile of the bearing surface on the unit elements when moving in the field prepared for sowing and the field after plowing was calculated. Theoretical studies of the influence of the bearing surface profile on dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly were performed on the example of KhTZ-242K tractor and Vega-8 Profi sower (Ukraine). When moving, the sower frame has a smaller amplitude of vibration accelerations than that of the tractor. Accordingly, the tractor has higher oscillation energy because it rests on the ground through its wheels having appropriate stiffness. The sower moves with its working bodies immersed into the soil which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of oscillations. The highest energy of amplitude of oscillation accelerations of the sower frame in the vertical direction was observed at frequencies of 15.9; 23.44; 35.3 and 42.87 Hz. It was found that the increase in working speeds of agricultural units leads to the fact that oscillations of all components reach significant values. This entails an increase in dynamic loads on soil and, as a consequence, its compaction
Devising technology for utilizing water treatment waste to produce ceramic building materials
Authors: Spasonova Larysa , Subota Іrіna , Sholom Аnastasia 
Published: March 2021

Based on the modern ideas about environmental protection, this paper reports a study into the utilization of water-treated waste from heavy metals (using copper(II) compounds as an example) for the manufacture of ceramic building materials. The examined clay minerals from local deposits and the optimal conditions for their heat treatment (at 1,100 °C) have been proposed for the sorption removal of pollutants of inorganic origin from wastewater. The use of wastewater after its treatment makes it possible to address several tasks at the same time: to protect the environment from pollution by technological wastewater, as well as to reuse wastewater in order to resolve the issue of water scarcity. Ceramic building materials were manufactured based on water purification waste (in the amount of 5 %) and clay raw materials. Their structural-mechanical and physicochemical characteristics have been comprehensively studied. Sintering processes begin at lower temperatures, which is why, with an increase in the annealing temperature to 1,000 °C and higher, their strength rapidly decreases. In the temperature range of 600‒1,100 °C, there are possibilities to apply ceramic technology to immobilize heavy metals in ceramic matrices. The prospect of utilizing water purification waste in the technological process of manufacturing inorganic ceramic materials has been shown. The safety of the building materials, manufactured by leaching pollutants from the ceramic samples using various aggressive environments (leaching to 6.4 %, 0.083 mg·cm2/day) has been investigated. The high strength and degree of the copper ion fixation in the structure of polymineral clay have been confirmed while secondary environmental pollution is almost absent