bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of low N rates on St. Augustinegrass cultivars
Authors: Schiavon Marco , Shaddox Travis Wayne , Williams Karen E. , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Unruh Joseph Bryan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent recommended nitrogen fertilization rates for St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] in South Florida range from 4 to 6 lb N per 1,000 ft2 per yr, applied throughout the year. Nevertheless, strict fertilizer ordinances are being passed by multiple counties in Florida, setting limits to the amount of N that can be applied to turfgrass areas, and establishing summer blackout periods for fertilizer applications; hence, there is a need to identify the minimum N rates to sustain St. Augustinegrass quality. A 4‐yr study was conducted at the University of Florida's Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center to assess the turfgrass quality of four St. Augustinegrass cultivars (‘CitraBlue’, ‘Floratam’, ‘Palmetto’, and ‘Raleigh’) grown on a Hallandale fine sand (siliceous, isohyperthermic Lithic Psammaquents) and fertilized at either 2.5 or 5 lb per 1,000 ft2 per yr. Plots were evaluated monthly for visual turfgrass quality, and yearly for genetic color, leaf texture, spring green‐up, and summer density. CitraBlue had the highest turfgrass quality, color, and density. Differences were rarely detected among the other three cultivars. Nitrogen rates had an effect only on summer density, suggesting that St. Augustinegrass grown on Hallandale fine sand with 3.4% organic matter in South Florida could be managed with less N than is currently recommended without detrimental effects.
Photoswitchable Composite Polymer Electrolytes Using Spiropyran‐Immobilized Nanoporous Templates
Authors: Lin Yu‐Liang , Tseng Yu‐Hsuan , Ho Jhih‐Hao , Chen Yi‐Fan , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComposite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with smart, stimuli‐responsive characteristics have gained considerable attention owing to their noninvasive manipulation and applications in future technologies. To address this potential, in this work, we demonstrate photoresponsive composite polymer electrolytes, consisting of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and spiropyran‐immobilized nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (SP‐AAO) templates. Under UV irradiation, the close SP form isomerizes to the open merocyanine (MC) form, creating extremely polarized AAO surfaces; whereas, under visible light irradiation, the MC form reverts to the SP form, creating neutral surface conditions. The electrostatic interactions between ions and AAO surfaces are investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the behavior of ionic conductivity of the GPE@SP‐AAO is found to be consistent with the kinetics of isomerization tracked by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. This work provides a promising platform for developing next‐generation photoelectronic smart devices.
A novel user trend‐based priority assigner and URL scheduler for dynamic incremental crawling
Authors: Gupta Ashlesha , Dixit Ashutosh 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAn efficient search engine needs to be designed in such a way that is able to provide relevant and accurate information in accordance with user needs and interests. The quality of downloaded records can be guaranteed only when website pages of high pertinence are downloaded by the crawlers in accordance with the current topics or user trends. Earlier Focused Crawlers were used to download topic specific pages but these crawlers were not able to adapt to the changing interest of the users. Therefore, there is a need to design crawlers that are able to naturally track the present pattern points and download site pages that meet client's present need. In this paper, a priority assigner and scheduler method for organizing Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) is being proposed that helps the crawler in tracking user's interest and prioritize downloading documents that are relevant to the user's choice in addition to current trends. The experimental results conforms that the proposed priority assigner and URL scheduler‐based crawling outshines conventional crawling strategies based on Change‐history or Site‐Map‐based methods in terms of quality of downloaded web pages and reducing network traffic over the Internet.
An anomalous co‐operative trust & PG‐DRL based vampire attack detection & routing
Authors: Juneja Vikas , Dinkar Shail Kumar , Gupta Dharam Vir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSensor nodes in WSN play a vital role in communication, IoTs and many other emergencies too. However, the energy consumption of nodes is a major setback to these, which incites various malicious nodes/attacks. This article studies and presents the solution to Vampire attack‐ one of those kinds of attacks. It depletes the energy by route elongation of data transmission. This article has suggested a novel two‐fold mechanism to detect the attack by integrating co‐operation trust mechanism and the mitigation of the attack by selecting the secure route by policy gradient‐deep reinforcement learning. The designed protocol also ensures the selection of a secure hop even in the presence of the vampire attack. The results are compared with various other existing state‐of‐the‐art schemes and have improved the detection ratio by 20% compared to the forecasting methods applied for detecting the vampire node's behavior. The network lifetime has also improved by 3% than the benchmark dynamic source routing.
New Extensibility and Scripting Tools in the ImageJ Ecosystem
Authors: Gahm Niklas A. , Rueden Curtis T. , Evans Edward L. , Selzer Gabriel , Hiner Mark C. , Chacko Jenu V. , Gao Dasong , Sherer Nathan M. , Eliceiri Kevin W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImageJ provides a framework for image processing across scientific domains while being fully open source. Over the years ImageJ has been substantially extended to support novel applications in scientific imaging as they emerge, particularly in the area of biological microscopy, with functionality made more accessible via the Fiji distribution of ImageJ. Within this software ecosystem, work has been done to extend the accessibility of ImageJ to utilize scripting, macros, and plugins in a variety of programming scenarios, e.g., from Groovy and Python and in Jupyter notebooks and cloud computing. We provide five protocols that demonstrate the extensibility of ImageJ for various workflows in image processing. We focus first on Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) data, since this requires significant processing to provide quantitative insights into the microenvironments of cells. Second, we show how ImageJ can now be utilized for common image processing techniques, specifically image deconvolution and inversion, while highlighting the new, built‐in features of ImageJ—particularly its capacity to run completely headless and the Ops matching feature that selects the optimal algorithm for a given function and data input, thereby enabling processing speedup. Collectively, these protocols can be used as a basis for automating biological image processing workflows. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Using PyImageJ for FLIM data processingAlternate Protocol: Groovy FLIMJ in Jupyter NotebooksBasic Protocol 2: Using ImageJ Ops for image deconvolutionSupport Protocol 1: Using ImageJ Ops matching feature for image inversionSupport Protocol 2: Headless ImageJ deconvolution
The DEN and CCl4‐Induced Mouse Model of Fibrosis and Inflammation‐Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Uehara Takeki , Pogribny Igor P. , Rusyn Ivan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops most often as a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although most human studies of HCC provide crucial insights into the molecular signatures of HCC, they seldom address its etiology. Mouse models provide essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of HCC, but the majority of rodent cancer models do not feature liver fibrosis. Detailed here is a protocol for an experimental mouse model of HCC that arises in association with advanced liver fibrosis. The disease model is induced by a single injection of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) at 2 weeks of age followed by repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) from 8 weeks of age for up to 14 consecutive weeks. A dramatic potentiation of liver tumor incidence is observed following administration of DEN and CCl4, with 100% of mice developing liver tumors at 5 months of age. This model has been employed for studying the molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis and HCC development, as well as for cancer hazard/chemotherapy testing of drug candidates. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: The DEN and CCl4‐induced mouse model of fibrosis and inflammation‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Cross‐national comparisons of inquiry learning in secondary geography curricula
Authors: Lee Shu Jun , Kriewaldt Jeana , Roberts Margaret 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInternationally, there is a clear turn towards inquiry as a core approach to learning secondary school geography. This research critically compares how inquiry learning is expressed and justified in six jurisdictions (Australia, China, England, Hong Kong, Singapore, USA). Through content analysis of national curriculum documents, we found that most of the jurisdictions have placed inquiry prominently in their curriculum. Despite national variations, inquiry is justified as a desirable pedagogy to develop conceptual understanding, build disciplinary knowledge and enable students to assess knowledge claims. An inquiry‐rich curriculum in school geography promises to recalibrate the balance between how existing knowledge of geography is valued and taught and how the skills of geographical inquiry can be integrated to expand students’ experiences of building knowledge. This research addresses a research gap on powerful pedagogies like inquiry in the intended curriculum. We argue that pedagogy needs to be examined in tandem with knowledge in curriculum analyses because enabling students to access knowledge and developing their capacities to inquire are intricately linked. We further argue that ideas about knowledge and pedagogy in curriculum are context‐dependent, necessitating an understanding of jurisdictional influences on curriculum.
Links between fluctuations in sockeye salmon abundance and riparian forest productivity identified by remote sensing
Authors: Kieran Celeste N. , Obrist Debora S. , Muñoz Nicolas J. , Hanly Patrick J. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) carcasses can fertilize riparian forests with marine‐derived nutrients when populations make their annual return to natal streams to spawn; however, the strength of this cross‐system linkage likely varies substantially among years due to the interannual fluctuations in abundance that characterize most salmon populations. Here, we used a 36‐yr time series (1984–2019) of satellite imagery and salmon abundance estimates to assess spatiotemporal associations between forest greenness (a measure of plant productivity) and adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) abundance in the lower Adams River, British Columbia, Canada. The Adams River sockeye population displays a quadrennial pattern of abundance, with a dominant cohort that spawns every four years in numbers that are typically two to three orders of magnitude larger than non‐dominant cohorts. We found that variation in forest greenness was consistently explained best by models including dominant cohort year, whereas models lacking an index of salmon abundance were the lowest‐ranked. Greenness of riparian vegetation increased by an average of 0.015 NDVI units (approximately 1%) in the summer after a dominant cohort return, and this effect on greenness persisted into the subsequent fall (11–13 months after spawning). The positive association between quadrennial pulses of salmon and riparian greenness occurred in plots both within 30 m of the stream and 95–125 m away from the stream, indicating that the spatial extent of fertilization may occur well beyond areas directly adjacent to the riverbank. These results suggest that forests respond to cyclical variation in salmon abundance and that overwinter storage of marine‐derived nutrients within catchments allows plants to capitalize on these nutrients in the following growing season. Continued advances in remote sensing technology will enhance our understanding of cross‐system resource linkages and can inform the ecosystem‐based management of Pacific salmon.
Accessing pore microstructure–property relationships for additively manufactured materials
Authors: Raßloff Alexander , Schulz Paul , Kühne Robert , Ambati Marreddy , Koch Ilja , Zeuner André T. , Gude Maik , Zimmermann Martina , Kästner Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding structure–property (SP) relationships is essential for accelerating materials innovation. Still being in the state of ongoing research and development, this is especially true for additive manufacturing (AM) in which process‐induced imperfections like pores and microstructural variations significantly influence the material's properties. That is why, the present work aims at proposing an approach for accessing pore SP relationships for AM materials. For this purpose, crystal plasticity (CP) simulations on reconstructed domains based on experimental measurements are employed to allow for a microstructure‐sensitive investigation. For the considered Ti–6Al–4V specimen manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, the microstructure and pore characteristics are obtained by utilizing light microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography at the microscale. Employing suitable statistical analysis and reconstruction, statistical volume elements with reconstructed pore distributions are created. Using them, microscale CP simulations are performed to obtain fatigue indicating parameters. Employing a further statistical analysis, fatigue ranking parameters are derived for a comparison of different microstructures. Additionally, a comparison with the empirical Murakami's square root area concept is made. Results from first numerical studies underline the potential of the approach for understanding and improving AM materials.
Unequal physical activity among children with cerebral palsy in Sweden—A national registry study
Authors: Degerstedt Frida , Björklund Martin , Keisu Britt‐Inger , Enberg Birgit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the extent to which sex, country of birth, and functional aspects influence participation in physical education and physical leisure activity among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Sweden.MethodsThis national cross‐sectional registry study included children with CP aged 6 to 18 years who participated in the Swedish national quality registry, the Cerebral Palsy Follow‐up Program, CPUP, in 2015. Comparisons and associations between sex, country of birth, and functional aspects and physical leisure/physical education were examined using chi‐squared and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 1935 children. Of them, 1625 (87%) reported participating in physical education and 989 (53%) reported participating in physical leisure activity. Children born in Sweden had higher odds of participating in physical education (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.20‐3.28) and physical leisure activity (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.70‐3.72) compared with children born outside Europe. Greater impairment of gross motor function was associated with lower participation levels. Boys participated slightly more frequently in leisure activities than girls.ConclusionEnhancing social inclusion with regard to disability, birth country, and sex are important and achievable goals for policymakers and practitioners for promoting participation in physical activity for children and adolescents with CP.
Entropy generation and mechanical efficiency in laminar peristaltic flow through an elliptical duct
Authors: Rachid Hassan , Ouazzani Mohamed Touhami , Lahlou Nouha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeat transfer analysis coupled with peristaltic transport is important in many real‐world application areas varying from microchannels to spacecrafts. Power production, chemical, and food industries, electronics, and environmental engineering are some examples of applications. In thermal devices, the overall performance of a heat exchanger depends on heat exchanger efficiency and entropy generation. The main purpose of this paper is to study a mathematical model coupling the peristaltic pumping with the heat transfer phenomenon for an incompressible Newtonian fluid in an elliptical tube. The Navier–Stokes and energy equations have been analytically solved for long wavelength, small Reynolds, and small Peclet numbers approximations. Exact expressions of velocity profile and temperature distribution have been found in the wave frame analysis. The impacts of pertinent parameters on the physical quantities of the problem have been analyzed with the help of graphs. We concluded that the geometrical parameters (occlusion, aspect ratio) enhance the pressure rise and the mechanical efficiency. It should be noted that the best way for minimizing entropy generation is decreasing occlusion, aspect ratio, flow rate, or Brinkman number.
Amount and reactivity of dissolved organic matter export are affected by land cover change from old‐growth to second‐growth forests in headwater ecosystems
Authors: Fegel Timothy S. , Boot Claudia M. , Covino Timothy P. , Elder Kelly , Hall Edward K. , Starr Banning , Stegen James , Rhoades Charles C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeadwater forest ecosystems of the western USA generate a large portion of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported in streams across North America. Land cover changes that alter forest structure and species composition affect the quantity and composition of DOM transferred to aquatic ecosystems. Clear‐cut harvesting affects ~1% of the forest area of North America annually, leaving most western forests in varying stages of regrowth and the total area of old‐growth forest is decreasing. The consequences of this widespread management practice on watershed carbon cycling remain unknown. We investigated the role of land cover change, because of clear‐cut harvesting, from mixed‐species old‐growth to lodgepole pine‐dominated second‐growth forest on the character and reactivity of hillslope DOM exports. We evaluated inputs of DOM from litter leachates and export of DOM collected at the base of trenched hillslopes during a 3‐year period (2016–2018) at the Fraser Experimental Forest in north‐central Colorado, USA. Dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were higher in lateral subsurface flow draining old‐ versus second‐growth forest. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the DOM exported from the old‐growth forest was more heterogeneous and aromatic and that proteinaceous, microbially processed DOM components were more prevalent in the second‐growth forest. Biological oxygen demand assays revealed much lower microbial metabolism of DOM in litter leachate and subsurface exports from the old‐growth forest relative to second growth. Old‐growth and second‐growth forests are co‐mingled in managed ecosystems, and our findings demonstrate that land cover change from a mixture of conifer species to lodgepole pine dominance influences DOM inputs that can increase the reactivity of DOM transferred from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems.
Effect of a quality improvement intervention with safety‐based checklists for perinatal health of hypertension disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Hao , Yang Yijia , Xu Yi , Deng Xia , Yan Jie , Li Tao , Sang Huige , Li Xiaotian , Hu Rong , Gu Weirong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo improve perinatal management for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) using checklists.MethodsA pre‐post evaluation of the implementation of checklists was performed. The checklist for HDP was adapted for the local context through expert consultations and had been used within peripartum since September 2017. Data of 763 women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with HDP were collected between April 2016 and March 2019 at the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. The monitoring and control groups consisted of 394 and 369 cases, respectively. Analysis was carried out by intention‐to‐treat with respect to maternal and fetal complications and delivery outcomes.ResultsAfter the implementation of the checklists, patients had a significant reduction in anti‐hypertensive treatment both orally (P = 0.028) and intravenously (P = 0.003), and increased utilization rate of MgSO4 management (P < 0.001). Gestation was prolonged in the expectant treatment (P = 0.012) and the rate of elective and intrapartum cesarean delivery decreased (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The neonates of these patients had a low rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (P < 0.001).ConclusionNational clinical guidelines complied critically after the implementation of the checklists. These checklists could be used for improving the quality of the clinical strategy and treatment, which benefitted perinatal management.
SNHG5 protects chondrocytes in interleukin‐1β‐stimulated osteoarthritis via regulating miR‐181a‐5p/TGFBR3 axis
Authors: Yue Yang , Zhibo Sun , Feng Liu , Yuanzhang Bai , Fei Wu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as important modulators in the development of osteoarthritis. The present study investigates whether there is a link between lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and osteoarthritis pathogenesis, and the underlying molecular mechanism. To establish an in vitro model of osteoarthritis, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) was used to treat chondrocytes (C20/A4 cells) for mimicking the inflammatory condition in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. SNHG5 and miR‐181a‐5p expression levels were then detected in cartilage tissues of osteoarthritis patients and C20/A4 cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2ʹ‐deoxyuridine assays were applied for detecting the viability of chondrocytes, and the apoptosis of chondrocytes was examined through caspase‐3 activity assay and flow cytometry analysis. Western blot and qPCR were employed for determining the expression levels of TGFBR3, ADAMTS5, and MMP‐13. The regulatory relationships among SNHG5, miR‐181a‐5p, and TGFBR3 were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. The expression levels of SNHG5 and TGFBR3 were markedly decreased, and miR‐181a‐5p expression was enhanced in osteoarthritis tissues and chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β. SNHG5 knockdown inhibited the viability of chondrocytes, induced apoptosis, and promoted the expression levels of ADAMTS5 and MMP‐13. Conversely, SNHG5 overexpression could counteract the effects of IL‐1β, increase the viability of chondrocytes and suppress apoptosis. Mechanically, SNHG5 positively regulated TGFBR3 expression via sponging miR‐181a‐5p. Moreover, miR‐181a‐5p overexpression and TGFBR3 knockdown counteracted the effects of SNHG5 on chondrocytes. SNHG5 can probably protect chondrocytes from the inflammatory response and reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix via modulating the miR‐181a‐5p/TGFBR3 axis.