bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute hemolysis and methemoglobinemia secondary to fava beans ingestion in a patient with G6PD deficiency
Authors: Al-Dubai Husam , Al-Mashdali Abdulrahman , Hailan Yousef 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Favism is a well-known cause of acute hemolytic anemia. Rarely, methemoglobinemia can also happen because of fava bean ingestion in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Few cases with this co-occurrence have been reported in the literature.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 47-year-old patient who presented with jaundice that started 2 days after eating fava beans.

Diagnoses:
Laboratory investigations revealed anemia with evidence of hemolysis (high reticulocytes count, high indirect bilirubin, bite cells in peripheral smear). Blood gases showed high methemoglobin level. Reduced level of G6PD enzyme confirmed the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency.

Intervention:
The patient was kept on supplemental oxygen. He was counselled to avoid food and drugs that can cause acute hemolysis.

Outcomes:
Oxygen saturation improved gradually. The patient was discharged without any complications after 2 days.

Lessons:
Patients with G6PD deficiency can develop both acute hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia secondary to fava beans ingestion. These patients should not receive methylene blue to avoid worsening hemolysis.
Associations of cardiovascular risk factors with survival outcomes in a cancer registration
Authors: Maki Yuji , Sueta Daisuke , Ishii Masanobu , Yamanouchi Yoshinori , Fujisue Koichiro , Yamanaga Kenshi , Nakamura Taishi , Tabata Noriaki , Arima Yuichiro , Araki Satoshi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Kaikita Koichi , Chikamoto Akira , Matsushita Kenichi , Matsuoka Masao , Usuku Koichiro , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and malignant diseases has recently attracted attention, the associations of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes in cancer patients remain to be elucidated. We performed a retrospective, observational study that explored the clinical outcomes of patients with cancer or with a history of cancer.
We enrolled 30,706 consecutive adult cancer patients from Kumamoto University Hospital. We investigated mortality and morbidity, including cardiovascular conditions (dyslipidemia [DL]/diabetes mellitus [DM]/hypertension [HT]). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.
Of the enrolled patients, 9032 patients (29.4%) died within the follow-up period. The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that in the groups classified according to the number of DL/DM/HT (LDH) factors, the LDH1 and LDH2 groups had a significantly higher probability of the primary endpoint than the LDH0 group (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively), whereas there were no significant differences between the LDH0 group and LDH3 group (P = .963). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses of mortality complemented by the multiple imputation method including various factors demonstrated that the presence of DL in cancer patients was a significant negative predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 0.79, P < .01).
The all-cause mortality rate did not always increase as the number of LDH factors increased. The present study revealed that the presence of DL is a negative risk factor for all-cause mortality in cancer patients.
Lasso loop technique using bioabsorbable thread to treat intra-articular distal radius fracture
Authors: Kaji Yoshio , Yamaguchi Konosuke , Nomura Yumi , Oka Kunihiko , Shimamura Masashi , Kawakami Shohei , Yamamoto Tetsuji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article introduces our lasso loop technique (LLT) using a bioabsorbable thread for the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures with displaced dorsal bone fragment containing articular surface (DBF). We also examined whether the articular gap is sufficiently reduced and maintained by the LLT, along with the results of other radiological and clinical evaluations. We retrospectively reviewed 19 patients who underwent LLT for intra-articular distal radius fracture with a displaced DBF. Patient radiographic images and medical records were used to investigate radiological characteristics, symptoms, physical findings, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. Sagittal-view computed tomography showed that the mean preoperative articular gap was 2.6 mm, but the gap was reduced by LLT, and the gap immediately postoperatively was <1.0 mm in all patients. No re-displacement of the DBF was evident from immediately postoperatively to 6 months postoperatively. Postoperatively, no losses of correction in palmar tilt, radial inclination, or ulnar variance were seen in the evaluation of plain radiographs, and satisfactory joint range of motion, grip strength, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score were obtained. No significant complications due to LLT were observed. LLT appears to offer a simple and effective procedure to reduce displaced DBF with little risk of complications. LLT may become a useful option in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures with displaced DBF.
Acupuncture plus Tuina for chronic insomnia
Authors: Yang Weiwan , Guo Xiaole , Lu Qi , Pan Ting , Wang Haili , Wang Hongfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. It refers to a subjective feeling of dissatisfaction with sleep duration and quality that affects social functioning, even though there are appropriate opportunities and environments for sleep. The disease for a long time can easily cause physical and mental fatigue, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia can worsen the condition. Acupuncture and Tuina therapy has been widely used in the treatment of chronic insomnia, and this study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of acupuncture plus Tuina in the treatment of chronic insomnia to clarify its efficacy.

Methods:
The following databases will be searched: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline databases. In addition, we will also collect 4 databases of China: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Database, and Wan-fang Database. We selected eligible studies published up to October 2021. We used Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture plus Tuina for chronic insomnia were included in this study. Language is limited to both Chinese and English languages. Study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment were independently performed by 2 researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome indicators.

Results:
This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture plus Tuina for treating chronic insomnia.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture plus Tuina is an effective and safe intervention for patients with chronic insomnia.

Ethics and dissemination:
The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.

Registration number:
INPLASY2021100115
Epidemiology, methodological quality, and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Chen Yuehong , Li Ling , Zhang Qiuping , Liu Huan , Huang Yupeng , Lin Sang , Yin Geng , Xie Qibing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, convenient accessibility and rapid publication of studies related to the ongoing pandemic prompted shorter preparation time for studies. Whether the methodological quality and reporting characteristics of published systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses are affected during the specific pandemic condition is yet to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, methodological quality, and reporting characteristics of published SRs/meta-analyses related to COVID-19.
The Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched to identify published SRs/meta-analyses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Study screening, data extraction, and methodology quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. The methodology quality of included SRs/meta-analyses was evaluated using revised version of a measurement tool to assess SRs, and the reporting characteristics were assessed based on the preferred reporting items for SRs and meta-analyses guidelines.
A total of 47 SRs/meta-analyses were included with a low to critically low methodological quality. The median number of days from the date of literature retrieval to the date that the study was first available online was 21 days; due to the limited time, only 7 studies had study protocols, and the studies focused on a wide range of COVID-19 topics. The rate of compliance to the preferred reporting items for SRs and meta-analyses checklists of reporting characteristics ranged from 14.9% to 100%. The rate of compliance to the items of protocol and registration, detailed search strategy, and assessment of publication bias was less than 50%.
SRs/meta-analyses on COVID-19 were poorly conducted and reported, and thus, need to be substantially improved.
Diagnostic performance of quantitative and qualitative elastography for the differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Jia Zhaohua , Qu Meijing , Sun Lipeng , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the diagnostic performance of quantitative and qualitative elastography for the differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy.

Methods:
We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases from their inceptions to the May 30, 2021, without language restrictions. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records, scanning titles and abstracts, full texts, collecting data, and assessing risk of bias. Review Manager 5.2 and Stata14.0 software will be used for data analysis.

Results:
This systematic review will determine the accuracy of shear wave elastography and strain elastography in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.

Conclusion:
Its findings will provide helpful evidence for the accuracy of shear wave elastography and strain elastography in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.

Systematic review registration:
INPLASY202150109.
Relapsing cerebral atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor after trimodality therapy
Authors: Meng Linlin , Wang Linlin , Shao Guangrui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a high-grade embryonal malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system. It is rare and most often diagnosed in children <4 years of age. The biological manifestations of AT/RTs are highly malignant and have a very poor prognosis. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy with AT/RT in the right parietal lobe and with a dismal outcome.

Patient concerns:
A 16-year-old male boy presented with a headache after waking up for 1 year without obvious cause. The pain was persistent and dull, mainly in the right orbital, and was slightly relieved after pressing the orbital. Occasionally, nausea and vomiting occurred, and the vomiting was gastric contents. Examination and head computed tomography performed at a local hospital revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right parietal lobe. The patient was then transferred to our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis:
The patient underwent craniotomy and gross total excision of the tumor. Further histologic examination of the tumor was identified (space-occupying lesion in the right parietal lobe) AT/RT, World Health Organization grade IV.

Interventions:
The patient was transferred to the oncology department for radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery recovery.

Outcomes:
The patient did not comply with the advice for adjuvant chemotherapy regularly and the tumor recurred rapidly. Finally, the patient died after 18 months after the definitive surgery.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, in the presence of a tumor with peripheral cystic components or hemorrhage in young children, a diagnosis of AT/RT must always be considered. Patients must follow the doctor's advice for active treatment. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Immunosequencing and epitope mapping reveal substantial preservation of the T cell immune response to Omicron generated by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: May Damon H. , Rubin Benjamin E. R. , Dalai Sudeb C. , Patel Krishna , Shafiani Shahin , Elyanow Rebecca , Noakes Matthew T. , Snyder Thomas M. , Robins Harlan S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant contains 34 mutations in the spike gene likely impacting protective efficacy from vaccines. We evaluated the potential impact of these mutations on the cellular immune response. Combining epitope mapping to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that we have determined from past experiments along with T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing from thousands of vaccinated or naturally infected individuals, we estimate the abrogation of the cellular immune response in Omicron. Although 20% of CD4+ T cell epitopes are potentially affected, the loss of immunity mediated by CD4+ T cells is estimated to be slightly above 30% as some of the affected epitopes are relatively more immunogenic. For CD8+ T cells, we estimate a loss of approximately 20%. These reductions in T cell immunity are substantially larger than observed in other widely distributed variants. Combined with the expected substantial loss of neutralization from antibodies, the overall protection provided by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could be impacted adversely. From analysis of prior variants, the efficacy of vaccines against symptomatic infection has been largely maintained and is strongly correlated with the T cell response but not as strongly with the neutralizing antibody response. We expect the remaining 70% to 80% of on-target T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to reduce morbidity and mortality from infection with Omicron.
Post COVID-19 1st Dose Vaccination Common Symptoms among SE Asia College Students
Authors: Yostyadiananda Natasya O. , Gunawan Gabriella R.A. , Wibowo Andri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the second year of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Southeast Asia (SE) regions, there is a plan to reopen the school, including the campus. Among students in Indonesia, college students have a population of almost 8.3 million. Considering the massive numbers of college students, school reopening should be supported by adequate COVID-19 vaccination. As a result, the first dose of the inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine has been administered, including to college students aged over 18 years old. While COVID-19 vaccination is widely available, there is still a scarcity of information on post-vaccination symptoms. As reported from other locations, post vaccination has been reported. Then, this study aims to assess the common symptoms of COVID-19 1st dose vaccinations among the following groups: gender (male and female college students), age, body weight, and height. The observed symptoms include sore arms, fatigue, headache, fever with a body temperature above 38 °C, nausea, shivering, and muscle joint pain. Participants in this study were students at the university. They were considered eligible for this study if they were currently enrolled at university, were at least 19 years of age, and provided informed consent. The data was recorded using a standardized online questionnaire. The answers were collected in an online database. At the beginning of the questionnaire, subjects or students were informed that data would be collected anonymously. Based on the results, the symptoms were different between female and male students. In fact, female students have experienced more symptoms than male students. While male students only suffered sore arms (68%) followed by headache symptoms (32%). Similar to male students, sore arms are the most common symptom observed among female students. Among female students, from the most to the least common symptoms observed from 20 years of age in this study are sore arms at site reaction > headache > fatigue > fever > muscle joint pain > shivering > nausea. A higher risk of presenting fatigue and headache symptoms was found in those with a non-overweight status with weight ranges of 50-60 kg.
Reliably Assessing Duration of Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Lin Dan-Yu , Zeng Donglin , Gu Yu , Fleming Thomas R , Krause Philip R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDecision-making about booster dosing for COVID-19 vaccine recipients hinges on reliable methods for evaluating the longevity of vaccine protection. We show that modeling of protection as a piecewise linear function of time since vaccination for the log hazard ratio of the vaccine effect provides more reliable estimates of vaccine effectiveness at the end of an observation period and also more reliably detects plateaus in protective effectiveness as compared with the traditional method of estimating a constant vaccine effect over each time period. This approach will be useful for analyzing data pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines where rapid and reliable understanding of vaccine effectiveness over time is desired.
Detection of the omicron variant virus with the Abbott BinaxNow SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Assay
Authors: Regan James , Flynn James P. , Choudhary Manish C. , Uddin Rockib , Lemieux Jacob , Boucau Julie , Bhattacharyya Roby P. , Barczak Amy K. , Li Jonathan Z. , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection as a key element of epidemic control. The Abbott BinaxNow is in widespread use in the United States for self-testing and as part of public health screening campaigns, but has not been evaluated for use with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. We recruited individuals testing positive for COVID-19 PCR at an academic medical center. Anterior nasal swabs were stored in viral transport media and evaluated by viral load quantification and whole genome sequencing. We created serial dilutions from 2.5×103-2.5×105 viral copies/specimen for two delta and omicron specimens, respectively, and tested each with the BinaxNow assay per manufacturer instructions. Results were interpreted by three readers, blinded to the specimen variant and concentration. All omicron and delta specimens with concentrations of 100,000 copies/swab or greater were positive by the BinaxNow Assay, a concentration similar to previously reported limits of detection for this assay. Assay sensitivity diminished below that. This study demonstrates that Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections are detected by the BinaxNow rapid antigen assay. Additional laboratory and clinical validation assessments are needed to better determine their limits of detection and performance in real-world settings.
Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, is linked to in vivo brain injury
Authors: Suzuki Kazuo , Zaunders John , Gates Thomas M. , Levert Angelique , Butterly Shannen , Liu Zhixin , Ishida Takaomi , Huang Chin-Shiou , Palmer Sarah , Rae Carolin D. , Jugé Lauriane , Cysique Lucette A. , Brew Bruce J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), brain injury remains prevalent in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLHIV) possibly due to ART’s lack of direct inhibition of transcription with continued local production of viral transcripts and neurotoxic proteins, such as Tat, rather than cell-free whole virion toxicity. We quantified cell-associated (CA) HIV-1 RNA-transcripts in CSF and blood, in relation to proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS) of major brain metabolites, in well characterised PLHIV.MethodsRNA was extracted from cells in 16 paired samples of CSF and blood, from PLHIV on fully suppressive ART. HIV-1 CA-RNA copies were measured using the highly sensitive Double-R assay and normalized /106 CD4+ T cells. 18-colour flow cytometry was used to count and analyse CD4+ T cells and monocytes in CSF and blood. The concentrations of major brain metabolites from 1H MRS in frontal white matter (FWM), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and caudate areas were measured. Brain injury in each voxel was defined using a composite score derived by principal component analysis.Results14/16 CSF cell samples had quantifiable HIV-1 CA-RNA transcripts, at levels significantly higher than in their PBMCs (median 9,266 vs 185 copies /106 CD4+ T cells; p<0.0001). Higher levels of CSF transcripts were associated with greater brain injury in the FWM (Std β=-0.73; p=0.007) and PCC (Std β=-0.61; p=0.03). CSF cells were 91% memory T cells, equally CD4+ (median 3,605) cells and CD8+ T cells (3,632), but contained much fewer B cells (0.4 %), NK cells (2.0%) and monocytes (3.1%; 378 cells; >90% CD14+CD16+ phenotype). CXCR3+CD49d+integrin ß7-negative, CCR5+ CD4+ T cells were significantly enriched in CSF, compared with PBMC (p <0.001). Transcriptional activity in CSF cells was highly correlated with levels of transcriptional activity in CD4+ T cells in PBMC (r=0.76; p=0.002). In contrast, HIV-1 RNA in highly purified monocytes from PBMC was detected in only 6/16 samples.ConclusionsElevated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF cells were associated with in vivo brain injury, despite suppressive ART. The cellular source is most likely the predominant CXCR3+ CD49d+ integrinß7-CCR5+ memory CD4+ T cells, not monocytes. Inhibitors of transcription to reduce local production of potentially neurotoxic proteins, should be developed.
Early estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant severity based on a matched cohort study, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ulloa Ana Cecilia , Buchan Sarah A. , Daneman Nick , Brown Kevin A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile it is now evident that Omicron is rapidly replacing Delta, largely due to immune escape, it is less clear how the severity of Omicron compares to Delta. In Ontario, we sought to examine hospitalization and death associated with Omicron, as compared to cases infected with Delta. We conducted a matched cohort study, considering time to hospitalization or death as the outcome. Cases were matched on gender, age, vaccination status, health region and onset date. We identified 29,594 Omicron cases that met eligibility criteria, of which 11,622 could be matched with at least one Delta case (N=14,181). There were 59 (0.51%) hospitalizations and 3 (0.03%) deaths among matched Omicron cases, compared to 221 (1.6%) hospitalizations and 17 (0.12%) deaths among matched Delta cases. The risk of hospitalization or death was 65% lower (hazard ratio, HR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.46) among Omicron cases compared to Delta cases, while risk of intensive care unit admission or death was 83% lower (HR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.37). While severity is likely to be reduced, the absolute number of hospitalizations and impact on the healthcare system may nevertheless be significant due to the increased transmissibility of Omicron.