bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The detectability of binary star planetary and brown dwarf companions from eclipse timing variations
Authors: Getley A K , Carter B , King R , O’Toole S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we determine the detectability of eclipsing binary star companions from eclipse timing variations using the Kepler mission data set. Extensive and precise stellar time-series photometry from space-based missions enable searches for binary star companions. However, due to the large data sets and computational resources involved, these searches would benefit from guidance from detection simulations. Our simulations start with and benefit from the use of empirical Kepler mission data, into which we inject third bodies to predict the resulting timing of binary star eclipses. We find that the orbital eccentricity of the third body and the orbital period of the host binary star are the key factors in detecting companions. Target brightness is also likely to be a factor in detecting companions. Detectable third body masses and periods can be efficiently bound using just two equations. Our results enable the setting of realistic expectations when planning searches for eclipsing binary star planetary and brown dwarf companions. Our results also suggest the brown dwarf desert is real rather than observational selection.
Spectroscopic quantification of projection effects in the SDSS redMaPPer galaxy cluster catalogue
Authors: Myles J , Gruen D , Mantz A B , Allen S W , Morris R G , Rykoff E , Costanzi M , To C , DeRose J , Wechsler R H , Rozo E , Jeltema T , Carrasco E R , Kremin A , Kron R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Projection effects, whereby galaxies along the line of sight to a galaxy cluster are mistakenly associated with the cluster halo, present a significant challenge for optical cluster cosmology. We use statistically representative spectral coverage of luminous galaxies to investigate how projection effects impact the low-redshift limit of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) redMaPPer galaxy cluster catalogue. Spectroscopic redshifts enable us to differentiate true cluster members from false positives and determine the fraction of candidate cluster members viewed in projection. Our main results can be summarized as follows: first, we show that a simple double-Gaussian model can be used to describe the distribution of line-of-sight velocities in the redMaPPer sample; secondly, the incidence of projection effects is substantial, accounting for ∼16 per cent of the weighted richness for the lowest richness objects; thirdly, projection effects are a strong function of richness, with the contribution in the highest richness bin being several times smaller than for low-richness objects; fourthly, our measurement has a similar amplitude to state-of-the-art models, but finds a steeper dependence of projection effects on richness than these models; and fifthly, the slope of the observed velocity dispersion–richness relation, corrected for projection effects, implies an approximately linear relationship between the true, three-dimensional halo mass and three-dimensional richness. Our results provide a robust, empirical description of the impact of projection effects on the SDSS redMaPPer cluster sample and exemplify the synergies between optical imaging and spectroscopic data for studies of galaxy cluster astrophysics and cosmology.
Explaining the scatter in the galaxy mass–metallicity relation with gas flows
Authors: van Loon Maria L , Mitchell Peter D , Schaye Joop 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The physical origin of the scatter in the relation between galaxy stellar mass and the metallicity of the interstellar medium, i.e. the mass–metallicity relation (MZR), reflects the relative importance of key processes in galaxy evolution. The eagle cosmological hydrodynamical simulation is used to investigate the correlations between the residuals of the MZR and the residuals of the relations between stellar mass and, respectively, specific inflow, outflow, and star formation rate as well as the gas fraction for central galaxies. At low redshift, all these residuals are found to be anticorrelated with the residuals of the MZR for M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 1010. The correlations between the residuals of the MZR and the residuals of the other relations with mass are interrelated, but we find that gas fraction, specific inflow rate, and specific outflow rate all have at least some independent influence on the scatter of the MZR. We find that, while for M⋆/M⊙ &gt; 1010.4 the specific mass of the nuclear black hole is most important, for M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 1010.3 gas fraction and specific inflow rate are the variables that correlate most strongly with the MZR scatter. The time-scales involved in the residual correlations and the time that galaxies stay above the MZR are revealed to be a few Gyr. However, most galaxies that are below the MZR at z = 0 have been below the MZR throughout their lifetimes.
Linking computational models to follow the evolution of heated coronal plasma
Authors: Reid J , Cargill P J , Johnston C D , Hood A W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A ‘proof of principle’ is presented, whereby the Ohmic and viscous heating determined by a three-dimensional (3D) MHD model of a coronal avalanche are used as the coronal heating input for a series of field-aligned, one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic models. Three-dimensional coronal MHD models require large computational resources. For current numerical parameters, it is difficult to model both the magnetic field evolution and the energy transport along field lines for coronal temperatures much hotter than $1\, \mathrm{MK}$, because of severe constraints on the time step from parallel thermal conduction. Using the 3D MHD heating derived from a simulation and evaluated on a single field line, the 1D models give coronal temperatures of $1\, \mathrm{MK}$ and densities $10^{14}\textrm {--}10^{15}\, \mathrm{m}^{-3}$ for a coronal loop length of $80\, \mathrm{Mm}$. While the temperatures and densities vary smoothly along the field lines, the heating function leads to strong asymmetries in the plasma flows. The magnitudes of the velocities in the 1D model are comparable with those seen in 3D reconnection jets in our earlier work. Advantages and drawbacks of this approach for coronal modelling are discussed.
A revisited study of Cepheids in open clusters in the Gaia era
Authors: Medina Gustavo E , Lemasle Bertrand , Grebel Eva K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we revisit the problem of identifying bona fide cluster Cepheids by performing an all-sky search for Cepheids associated with open clusters and making use of state-of-the-art catalogued information for both Cepheids and clusters, based on the unparalleled astrometric precision of the second and early third data releases of the Gaia satellite. We determine membership probabilities by following a Bayesian approach using spatial and kinematic information of the potential cluster-Cepheid pairs. We confirm 19 Cepheid-cluster associations considered in previous studies as bona fide, and question the established cluster membership of six other associations. In addition, we identify 138 cluster Cepheid candidates of potential interest, mostly in recently discovered open clusters. We report on at least two new clusters possibly hosting more than one Cepheid. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of using open clusters hosting Cepheids to empirically determine the Cepheid period–age relation through the use of Gaia and 2MASS photometry and a semiautomated method to derive cluster ages. We conclude that the usage of cluster Cepheids as tentative probes of the period–age relations still faces difficulties due to the sparsely populated red giant branch and the stochastically sampled main-sequence turn-off of the open clusters, making age determinations a challenging task. This biases the age-datable cluster selection for Cepheid period-age studies towards older and high-mass clusters.
Beyond small molecules: targeting G-quadruplex structures with oligonucleotides and their analogues
Authors: Cadoni Enrico , De Paepe Lessandro , Manicardi Alex , Madder Annemieke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
G-Quadruplexes (G4s) are widely studied secondary DNA/RNA structures, naturally occurring when G-rich sequences are present. The strategic localization of G4s in genome areas of crucial importance, such as proto-oncogenes and telomeres, entails fundamental implications in terms of gene expression regulation and other important biological processes. Although thousands of small molecules capable to induce G4 stabilization have been reported over the past 20 years, approaches based on the hybridization of a synthetic probe, allowing sequence-specific G4-recognition and targeting are still rather limited. In this review, after introducing important general notions about G4s, we aim to list, explain and critically analyse in more detail the principal approaches available to target G4s by using oligonucleotides and synthetic analogues such as Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs) and Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs), reporting on the most relevant examples described in literature to date.
Long-read whole-genome methylation patterning using enzymatic base conversion and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshitaka , Zaha Suzuko , Nagasawa Satoi , Miyake Shuhei , Kojima Yasuyuki , Suzuki Ayako , Suzuki Yutaka , Seki Masahide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long-read whole-genome sequencing analysis of DNA methylation would provide useful information on the chromosomal context of gene expression regulation. Here we describe the development of a method that improves the read length generated by using the bisulfite-sequencing-based approach. In this method, we combined recently developed enzymatic base conversion, where an unmethylated cytosine (C) should be converted to thymine (T), with nanopore sequencing. After methylation-sensitive base conversion, the sequencing library was constructed using long-range polymerase chain reaction. This type of analysis is possible using a minimum of 1 ng genomic DNA, and an N50 read length of 3.4–7.6 kb is achieved. To analyze the produced data, which contained a substantial number of base mismatches due to sequence conversion and an inaccurate base read of the nanopore sequencing, a new analytical pipeline was constructed. To demonstrate the performance of long-read methylation sequencing, breast cancer cell lines and clinical specimens were subjected to analysis, which revealed the chromosomal methylation context of key cancer-related genes, allele-specific methylated genes, and repetitive or deletion regions. This method should convert the intractable specimens for which the amount of available genomic DNA is limited to the tractable targets.
Total Petrosectomy for the Total Resection of Sphenopetroclival Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Essayed Walid I B N , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sphenopetroclival meningioma is a most formidable meningioma. Many patients have few preoperative deficits and surgery has the potential of severe neurological complications. Surgical treatment is challenging due to brainstem compression, the involvement of multiple cranial nerves and cerebral vessels. Wide tumor exposure, multiple dissection axis, and short distance are paramount factors in the quest of achieving total removal of Simpson grade I, including the involved dura and bone. The posterior petrosal, transtentorial presigmoid approach offers a wide and shallow operative field.1–7
-

7
When the patient has hearing loss, extending the resection of the temporal bone provides unmatchable exposure facilitating safer and more complete tumor removal. This article demonstrates the removal of a sphenopetroclival meningioma through total petrosectomy with closing of the external auditory canal and preservation of the facial nerve in the Fallopian canal. A total resection of the tumor was achieved with long-term preservation of cranial nerve function. The surgical steps of total petrosectomy are shown, including the skin flap, combined middle and posterior fossa craniotomy, skeletonization of the sigmoid transverse sinus, radical mastoidectomy, dissection of the Fallopian canal, and drilling of the labyrinth, cochlea, and petrous apex for superb exposure.
8
We demonstrate the intra-arachnoidal microsurgical dissection utilized for the radical resection of petroclival meningioma. This surgery performed in 1995 is a testament to the time-tested technique. The patient consented to the procedure and image use.
Images at 1:33 and 3:57 © Ossama Al-Mefty, used with permission.
Ecological release and insular shifts in avian morphological traits in the Caribbean
Authors: Heathcote Alexandra , De Ruyck Christopher , Des Brisay Paulson , Grieef Paula , Koper Nicola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe compared support for 3 hypotheses that might explain observed morphological variation among islands of 4 species of Caribbean land birds: ecological release from competition and predation pressure, predation pressure from 1 novel predator species (small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus), and climate. We measured wing chord, tarsus length, bill length, and mass of Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola), Black-faced Grassquits (Tiaris bicolor), Lesser Antillean Bullfinches (Loxigilla noctis), and Common Ground Doves (Columbina passerina) in Grenada, 2015–2017, and combined these measures with data from 23 other Caribbean islands collated from academic papers and researchers, for a total sample size of 6,518 individuals. We found the strongest support for the ecological release hypothesis, but each of our hypotheses received some support, suggesting that ecological release from competition, predation pressure from mongoose, and climate may all interact to influence morphological adaptations of birds to local conditions in the Caribbean.
The Relevance of Religion and Spirituality to Mental Health: A National Survey of Current Clients’ Views
Authors: Oxhandler Holly K , Pargament Kenneth I , Pearce Michelle J , Vieten Cassandra , Moffatt Kelsey M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite a growing interest in the relationship between religion and spirituality (RS) and mental health across helping professions, less is known about clients’ perceived relevance of these areas. This article describes the development and validation of the Relevance of Religion and Spirituality to Mental Health (RRSMH) scale, and responses to the first national survey of clients’ perceived relevance of RS to mental health. Specifically, a sample of 989 U.S. adults who saw a mental health care provider in the last month responded to an online survey that included 27 new items to measure clients’ perceptions of the relevance of RS to mental health, both positive and negative. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the sample’s data had an adequate fit to the final 12-item model, and the instrument’s overall reliability was very good (α = .96). Descriptive analyses indicated that clients view RS as both supportive and relevant to their mental health. The RRSMH scale may be used in mental health research and practice settings. Authors recommend that RS be assessed and included in treatment planning, where appropriate, and addressed in training for mental health professionals.
Low-dose computed tomography for axial spondyloarthritis: update on use and limitations
Authors: Lambert Robert G.W. , Hermann Kay Geert A. , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Recent developments in low-dose computed tomography (ldCT) have greatly reduced radiation exposure levels. This article reviews what a ldCT is and its use and limitations for imaging axial spondyloarthritis.

Recent findings
Detection of structural damage in bone with CT is far superior to radiography and ldCT of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) can now be done at radiation exposure levels equivalent to, or even less than, conventional radiography. ldCT should be considered a ‘first-choice’ test for arthritis imaging, and wherever available, SIJ ldCT may completely replace conventional radiography. Radiation exposure in the spine with ldCT is lower than conventional CT. However, it is unclear whether the additional information regarding structural damage changes in the spine provided by ldCT will alter patient management sufficiently often to merit switching from spinal radiography to ldCT in routine clinical practice. In addition, ldCT cannot assess osteitis disease activity for which MRI remains the best test.

Summary
ldCT of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) can be done at radiation exposure levels equivalent to, or less than, radiography and ldCT may completely replace SIJ radiography. However, the role of spinal ldCT for spondyloarthritis is not clear and MRI is far superior for detecting disease activity.
The Use of a Novel Moldable Calcium Phosphate Putty (Montage) for Periarticular Fractures: Early Clinical Results
Authors: Atassi Omar H. , Busel Gennadiy , De La Fuente Guadalupe , Donohue David , Maxson Benjamin , Shah Anjan R. , Watson David T. , Infante Anthony , Downes Katheryne , Sanders Roy W. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to report on the early clinical results of a novel moldable calcium phosphate putty in managing metaphyseal voids associated with periarticular fractures.

Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I Academic Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
A total of 41 patients with periarticular fractures treated from June 2017 to June 2018 were included in the study.

Intervention:
Open reduction internal fixation.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Articular subsidence, bone void filler incorporation and resorption, calcium phosphate extravasation into soft tissue and joint, nonunion, infection.

Results:
Fracture distribution was as follows: 23 plateau, 6 pilon, 5 acetabulum, 4 calcaneus, 1 midfoot, 1 olecranon, 1 distal radius. Twenty-six patients had >6-month follow-up at the time of publication. All fractures have united. There were no instances in which the Montage extravasated into the soft tissue or joint. In all, 23/26 (88%) patients went on to union without articular subsidence. Overall, 25/26 (96%) showed radiographic evidence of incorporation and partial resorption. There were 2 unplanned surgeries (8%). One patient had an open pilon fracture that underwent debridement and implant removal at 4 months for deep infection; 1 patient with a tibial plateau fracture underwent debridement with implant retention at 4 weeks for deep infection. Both went on to clinical and radiographic union.

Conclusions:
Montage shows excellent efficacy in preventing articular subsidence when used as a metaphyseal void filler with fixation of periarticular fractures. There is strong radiographic evidence of incorporation and partial resorption at early clinical follow-up. The handling characteristics during its application showed no soft tissue or intra-articular extravasation. Early clinical results are promising, and further study is warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Predictive Performance of Bayesian Vancomycin Monitoring in the Critically Ill*
Authors: Narayan Sujita W. , Thoma Yann , Drennan Philip G. , Yejin Kim Hannah , Alffenaar Jan-Willem , Van Hal Sebastiaan , Patanwala Asad E. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
It is recommended that therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin should be guided by 24-hour area under the curve concentration. This can be done via Bayesian models in dose-optimization software. However, before these models can be incorporated into clinical practice in the critically ill, their predictive performance needs to be evaluated. This study assesses the predictive performance of Bayesian models for vancomycin in the critically ill.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Single-center ICU.

PATIENTS:
Data were obtained for all patients in the ICU between 1 January, and 31 May 2020, who received IV vancomycin. The predictive performance of three Bayesian models were evaluated based on their availability in commercially available software. Predictive performance was assessed via bias and precision. Bias was measured as the mean difference between observed and predicted vancomycin concentrations. Precision was measured as the sd of bias, root mean square error, and 95% limits of agreement based on Bland-Altman plots.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 466 concentrations from 188 patients were used to evaluate the three models. All models showed low bias (–1.7 to 1.8 mg/L), which was lower with a posteriori estimate (–0.7 to 1.8 mg/L). However, all three models showed low precision in terms of sd (4.7–8.8 mg/L) and root mean square error (4.8–8.9 mg/L). The models underpredicted at higher observed vancomycin concentrations (bias 0.7–3.2 mg/L for < 20 mg/L; –5.1 to –2.3 for ≥ 20 mg/L) and the Bland-Altman plots showed a great deviation between observed and predicted concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS:
Bayesian models of vancomycin show not only low bias, but also low precision in the critically ill. Thus, Bayesian-guided dosing of vancomycin in this population should be used cautiously.
Diminishing Efficacy of Prone Positioning With Late Application in Evolving Lung Injury
Authors: Xin Yi , Martin Kevin , Morais Caio C. A. , Delvecchio Paolo , Gerard Sarah E. , Hamedani Hooman , Herrmann Jacob , Abate Nicholas , Lenart Austin , Humayun Shiraz , Sidhu Uday , Petrov Mihail , Reutlinger Kristan , Mandelbaum Tal , Duncan Ian , Tustison Nicholas , Kadlecek Stephen , Chatterjee Shampa , Gee James C. , Rizi Rahim R. , Berra Lorenzo , Cereda Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
It is not known how lung injury progression during mechanical ventilation modifies pulmonary responses to prone positioning. We compared the effects of prone positioning on regional lung aeration in late versus early stages of lung injury.

DESIGN:
Prospective, longitudinal imaging study.

SETTING:
Research imaging facility at The University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) and Medical and Surgical ICUs at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA).

SUBJECTS:
Anesthetized swine and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (acute respiratory distress syndrome).

INTERVENTIONS:
Lung injury was induced by bronchial hydrochloric acid (3.5 mL/kg) in 10 ventilated Yorkshire pigs and worsened by supine nonprotective ventilation for 24 hours. Whole-lung CT was performed 2 hours after hydrochloric acid (Day 1) in both prone and supine positions and repeated at 24 hours (Day 2). Prone and supine images were registered (superimposed) in pairs to measure the effects of positioning on the aeration of each tissue unit. Two patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome were compared with two patients with late acute respiratory distress syndrome, using electrical impedance tomography to measure the effects of body position on regional lung mechanics.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics worsened over 24 hours, indicating lung injury progression. On Day 1, prone positioning reinflated 18.9% ± 5.2% of lung mass in the posterior lung regions. On Day 2, position-associated dorsal reinflation was reduced to 7.3% ± 1.5% (p < 0.05 vs Day 1). Prone positioning decreased aeration in the anterior lungs on both days. Although prone positioning improved posterior lung compliance in the early acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, it had no effect in late acute respiratory distress syndrome subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
The effects of prone positioning on lung aeration may depend on the stage of lung injury and duration of prior ventilation; this may limit the clinical efficacy of this treatment if applied late.