bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streaking artifact suppression of quantitative susceptibility mapping reconstructions via L1‐norm data fidelity optimization (L1‐QSM)
Authors: Milovic Carlos , Lambert Mathias , Langkammer Christian , Bredies Kristian , Irarrazaval Pablo , Tejos Cristian 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe presence of dipole‐inconsistent data due to substantial noise or artifacts causes streaking artifacts in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reconstructions. Often used Bayesian approaches rely on regularizers, which in turn yield reduced sharpness. To overcome this problem, we present a novel L1‐norm data fidelity approach that is robust with respect to outliers, and therefore prevents streaking artifacts.MethodsQSM functionals are solved with linear and nonlinear L1‐norm data fidelity terms using functional augmentation, and are compared with equivalent L2‐norm methods. Algorithms were tested on synthetic data, with phase inconsistencies added to mimic lesions, QSM Challenge 2.0 data, and in vivo brain images with hemorrhages.ResultsThe nonlinear L1‐norm‐based approach achieved the best overall error metric scores and better streaking artifact suppression. Notably, L1‐norm methods could reconstruct QSM images without using a brain mask, with similar regularization weights for different data fidelity weighting or masking setups.ConclusionThe proposed L1‐approach provides a robust method to prevent streaking artifacts generated by dipole‐inconsistent data, renders brain mask calculation unessential, and opens novel challenging clinical applications such asassessing brain hemorrhages and cortical layers.
Rodent models of ketamine‐induced cystitis
Authors: Sultana Saki , Berger Geraint , Cox Ashley , Kelly Melanie E. M. , Lehmann Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsLong‐term or recreational use of ketamine affects the urinary system and can result in ketamine‐induced cystitis (KIC). Rodent models of KIC are important to study KIC pathophysiology and are paramount to the future development of therapies for this painful condition. This review aims to provide a summary of rodent models of KIC, focusing on disease induction, experimental methods, and pathological features of the model.MethodA literature search was performed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pubmed database up to March 2021. 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally selected.ResultsThere are considerable variations in the rodent models used for studying KIC in terms of the strain of the animal being used; dose, duration, and route of ketamine administration to induce KIC, and assessment of pathological features.ConclusionKIC remains difficult to fully recapitulate in humans. Improved characterization of KIC models and the experimental parameters and meticulous discussion on translational limitations are required to improve the translational value of research using rodent models of KIC.
Identity and access management using distributed ledger technology: A survey
Authors: Ghaffari Fariba , Gilani Komal , Bertin Emmanuel , Crespi Noel 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAs the basic building block of any information security system, identity and access management (IAM) solutions play vital role in enterprise's security programmes. Providing centric solutions for IAM is inefficient in terms of having single point of failure, high cost, duplication and complexity to the users. Recently, emerging the distributed ledger technology (DLT) has attracted significant scientific interests in research areas like identity management, authentication and access control processes. In these contexts, Blockchain can offer greater data and rule confidentiality and integrity, as well as increasing the availability of the system by removing the single point of failure in the procedure. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the IAM solutions based on their basic components including identity management, authentication and access control. In the identity concept, we discuss about self‐sovereign identity which enhances privacy and security of distributed digital identities by providing individual's consolidated digital identity and verified attributes for enabling them to utilize their ownership. To offer a clearer understanding of the state of the art, we propose taxonomy to categorize them based on their features. For the conclusion of the paper, we compare the existing methods based on proposed taxonomy. Also, considering the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods, we discussed about the possible future directions.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of γ‐branched allylamines for the efficient synthesis of γ‐chirogenic amines
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Tiantian , Wang Yuanhao , Zhou Fengfan , Zhang Zhenfeng , Gridnev Ilya D. , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe efficient construction of γ‐chirogenic amines has been realized via asymmetric hydrogenation of γ‐branched N‐phthaloyl allylamines by using a bisphosphine‐Rh catalyst bearing a large bite angle. The desired products possessing different γ‐substituents were obtained in quantitative yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). This protocol provides a practical method for the preparation of γ‐chirogenic amine derivatives such as the famous antidepressant drug Fluoxetine (up to 50000 S/C). The mechanistic calculations show an unusual P‐Rh‐P trans‐chelating pattern and a weak interaction‐promoted activation mode which are completely different from the traditional cis‐chelating pattern and coordination‐promoted activation mode in metal‐catalyzed hydrogenations.Key points
Novel methodology of asymmetric hydrogenation was developed for efficient synthesis of γ‐chirogenic amines.
New synthetic route was developed for the well‐known antidepressant drug Fluoxetine.
Unusual mechanism information was found in the bidentate bisphosphine‐Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation.
Using radial basis function‐generated quadrature rules to solve nonlocal continuum models
Authors: Lyngaas Isaac , Peterson Janet S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe goal of this work is to expand on a previously devised approach for approximating nonlocal diffusion and nonlocal anomalous diffusion models with continuous solutions which used radial basis functions to generate accurate quadrature rules for the nonlocal integrals. We extend this approach to solve nonlocal models for convection‐diffusion problems and nonlinear advection problems such as Burgers' equation. In addition, nonlocal problems with discontinuous solutions are considered for cases where the location of the discontinuity is known exactly and when the location is known to be in an interval dependent upon the grid spacing.
Preparation and performance of urethane‐modified polytriazole adhesives
Authors: Fang Jianwei , Wan Liqiang , Wang Linxiao , Bie Ruye , Zhang Yu , Huang Farong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolytriazole adhesives are a new type of adhesives with excellent heat resistance, but the lap shear strength at room temperature is not ideal, which is about 15 MPa. In order to improve its adhesion performance at room temperature, a series of urethane‐modified polytriazole (UPTA) adhesives were successfully synthesized via 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides, and alkynes. Firstly, an alkynyl‐terminated urethane monomer di(but‐3‐yn‐1‐yl) (1,3‐phenylenebis(methylene)) dicarbamate (DBPMD) was synthesized and characterized. Then DBPMD was reacted with biphenyl dibenzyl azide (BPDBA) and N′,N′,N′,N′‐tetrapropargyl‐p,p′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (TPDDM) to prepare UPTA adhesives. Curing behavior, thermal properties, bonding performance, and resistance to damp heat aging of UPTA adhesives were studied. The results show that the introduction of urethane group has almost no effect on the curing behavior. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the 5% thermal weight loss temperature (Td5) gradually decreased with the increased proportion of DBPMD added. Tg of UPTA adhesives ranged from 185 to 215°C and Td5 of UPTA adhesives were all above 300°C, which indicated its outstanding thermal stability. The lap shear strength at room temperature of UPTA adhesives increased first and then decreased with the increasing amount of DBPMD, which ranged from 13.9 to 19.9 MPa. The highest lap shear strength of UPTA adhesives can reach 19.9 MPa, which was 31.8% higher than PTA adhesive. The lap shear strength retention rate of UPTA adhesives at 180°C was all over 75%. Lap shear strength retention rate of UPTA adhesives under 168 h damp heat aging time was all over 80%. UPTA adhesives have good bonding performance, heat resistance, and damp heat aging resistance, which can meet many complex construction requirements.
Future roles of artificial intelligence in early pain management of newborns
Authors: Salekin Md Sirajus , Mouton Peter R. , Zamzmi Ghada , Patel Raj , Goldgof Dmitry , Kneusel Marcia , Elkins Sammie L. , Murray Eileen , Coughlin Mary E. , Maguire Denise , Ho Thao , Sun Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advent of increasingly sophisticated medical technology, surgical interventions, and supportive healthcare measures is raising survival probabilities for babies born premature and/or with life‐threatening health conditions. In the United States, this trend is associated with greater numbers of neonatal surgeries and higher admission rates into neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for newborns at all birth weights. Following surgery, current pain management in NICU relies primarily on narcotics (opioids) such as morphine and fentanyl (about 100 times more potent than morphine) that lead to a number of complications, including prolonged stays in NICU for opioid withdrawal. In this paper, we review current practices and challenges for pain assessment and treatment in NICU and outline ongoing efforts using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support pain‐ and opioid‐sparing approaches for newborns in the future. A major focus for these next‐generation approaches to NICU‐based pain management is proactive pain mitigation (avoidance) aimed at preventing harm to neonates from both postsurgical pain and opioid withdrawal. AI‐based frameworks can use single or multiple combinations of continuous objective variables, that is, facial and body movements, crying frequencies, and physiological data (vital signs), to make high‐confidence predictions about time‐to‐pain onset following postsurgical sedation. Such predictions would create a therapeutic window prior to pain onset for mitigation with non‐narcotic pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions. These emerging AI‐based strategies have the potential to minimize or avoid damage to the neonate's body and psyche from postsurgical pain and opioid withdrawal.
The investigation of RONS permeation in plasma‐activated oil–water mixed system
Authors: Gao Yuting , Liu Zhijie , Wang Sitao , Pang Bolun , Xu Dehui , Liu Dingxin , Kong Michael G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsight into the permeation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in plasma‐activated water is key to optimize and control the biochemical effects. Recently, most investigations on the permeation of RONS mainly concentrate in plasma‐activated water where the solution is a single‐phase system, while little attention is paid to mixed‐phase systems. In this study, we select the oil–water mixed system as a research object and aim at evaluating the effectiveness of different volumes of oil on the generation and transport of RONS in a plasma‐activated oil–water (PAOW) mixed system. Results show that the oil layer could significantly impede the permeation ratio of RONS causing a reduction of formation of aqueous RONS in PAOW. The mechanism may be due to the consumption of RONS reacting with the unsaturated bonds in the oil or being adsorbed for the high viscosity of the oil. This study provides valuable guidance for in‐depth research on RONS permeation and optimization of wide applications in biomedicine and wastewater treatment.
Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Schulz Florian , Lokteva Irina , Parak Wolfgang J. , Lehmkühler Felix 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) has evolved into a powerful tool for the synthesis of superstructures with tailored properties. The quality, diversity, and complexity of synthesized structures are continuously improving and fascinating new collective properties are demonstrated. At the same time, the rapid development of electron microscopy and synchrotron sources for X‐rays has enabled new exciting experimental approaches to study structure and structure formation in the context of NP self‐assembly. In this review, some recent studies and what can be learned from them are highlighted and discussed. It is started with a general introduction covering important concepts, experimental approaches, commonly obtained structures, the ideas of artificial atoms, and emerging properties are discussed. Recent experimental in situ and ex situ approaches with state‐of‐the‐art electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction and scattering that helped to obtain a detailed picture of NP self‐assembly processes and resulting structures are then presented.
Outbreak of the South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, in the Chinese mainland: geographic and potential host range expansion
Authors: Zhang Gui‐fen , Xian Xiao‐qing , Zhang Yi‐bo , Liu Wan‐xue , Liu Hui , Feng Xiao‐dong , Ma De‐ying , Wang Yu‐sheng , Gao You‐hua , Zhang Rong , Li Qing‐hong , Wan Fang‐hao , Fu Wen‐jun , Wang Jun , Kuang Meng , Yang Wen‐jia , Rao Xi , Gao Ying , Dai Ai‐mei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn 2017 Tuta absoluta was identified as an invasive species in China. Due to its rapid geographic expansion and the severe crop damage it causes, T. absoluta poses a serious threat to China's tomato production industry. To determine its geographic distribution and host range, intensive surveys and routine monitoring were conducted across the Chinese mainland between 2018 and 2019. The population colonization coefficient (PCC; ratio of colonized sites and prefectures) and population occurrence index (POI; ratio of infested host species and PCCs) were calculated.RESULTSIn northwestern China, T. absoluta populations established in Xinjiang exhibited a medium PCC value (~0.03). In southwestern China, populations in Yunnan and its five neighboring provinces exhibited high (~0.50 in Yunnan and Guizhou), or low (<0.02 in Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, and Chongqing) PCC values. In the Chinese mainland, infestations of four crop plant species (tomato, eggplant, potato, and Chinese lantern) and two wild plant species (black nightshade and Dutch eggplant) were identified; tomatoes were infested in every colonized province. Chinese lantern and Dutch eggplant are potentially novel hosts. Yunnan, Guizhou, and Xinjiang experienced the most serious damage (POI). In southwestern China, observed damage significantly decreased with increased distance from the first discovery site of T. absoluta to the farthest county of an infested province increased.CONCLUSIONT. absoluta populations are well‐established and could potentially spread to other regions of China. The present study helps to inform the establishment of better pest management guidelines and strategies in China and tomato‐producing regions worldwide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robust estimates of regional treatment effects in multiregional randomized clinical trials with semiparametric logistic model
Authors: Yuan Ao , Yang Chaojie , Yu Shilin , Tan Ming T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn multiregional randomized clinical trials (MRCTs), determining the regional treatment effect of a new treatment over an existing one is important to both the sponsor and related regulatory agencies. Also of particular interest is to test the null hypothesis that the treatment benefit is the same among all the regions. Existing methods are mainly for continuous endpoint and use parametric models, which are not robust. MRCTs are known for facing increased variation and heterogeneity and a robust model for its design and analysis would be desirable. We consider clinical trials with a binary primary endpoint and propose a robust semiparametric logistic model which has a known parametric and an unknown nonparametric component. The parametric component represents our prior knowledge about the model, and the nonparametric part reflects uncertainty. Compared to the classic logistic model for this problem, the proposed model has the following advantages: robust to model assumption, more flexible and accurate to model the relationship between the response and covariates, and possibly more accurate parameter estimates. The model parameters are estimated by profile maximum likelihood approach, and the null hypothesis of regional treatment difference being the same is tested by the profile likelihood ratio statistic. Asymptotic properties of the estimates are derived. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, which demonstrated clear advantages over the classic logistic model. The method is then applied to analyzing a real MRCT.
Commercialization‐Driven Electrodes Design for Lithium Batteries: Basic Guidance, Opportunities, and Perspectives
Authors: Cao Chunyan , Liang Fanghua , Zhang Wei , Liu Hongchao , Liu Hui , Zhang Haifeng , Mao Jiajun , Zhang Yanyan , Feng Yu , Yao Xi , Ge Mingzheng , Tang Yuxin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent lithium‐ion battery technology is approaching the theoretical energy density limitation, which is challenged by the increasing requirements of ever‐growing energy storage market of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices. Although great progresses are made on tailoring the electrode materials from methodology to mechanism to meet the practical demands, sluggish mass transport, and charge transfer dynamics are the main bottlenecks when increasing the areal/volumetric loading multiple times to commercial level. Thus, this review presents the state‐of‐the‐art developments on rational design of the commercialization‐driven electrodes for lithium batteries. First, the basic guidance and challenges (such as electrode mechanical instability, sluggish charge diffusion, deteriorated performance, and safety concerns) on constructing the industry‐required high mass loading electrodes toward commercialization are discussed. Second, the corresponding design strategies on cathode/anode electrode materials with high mass loading are proposed to overcome these challenges without compromising energy density and cycling durability, including electrode architecture, integrated configuration, interface engineering, mechanical compression, and Li metal protection. Finally, the future trends and perspectives on commercialization‐driven electrodes are offered. These design principles and potential strategies are also promising to be applied in other energy storage and conversion systems, such as supercapacitors, and other metal‐ion batteries.
Effect of the Incorporation of Rich‐Amylopectin Starch Nano/Micro Particles on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposites Developed by Flat‐Die Extrusion
Authors: González‐Seligra Paula , Goyanes Silvia , Famá Lucía 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has been crucial in the development of environmentally friendly and naturally based materials for food packaging. In this work, an inexpensive and scalable way to develop amylopectin‐enriched nanocomposites with nano/micro particles of starch is investigated. Cassava starch nanocomposites with rich‐amylopectin starch nano/micro particles (SAP) are prepared by flat‐die extrusion. SAP, obtained by applying shear stresses to an aqueous solution of native cassava starch using grinding, consists of (10.8 ± 0.9)% of nanofiller (< 200 nm) and (88 ± 1)% of micro‐size particles (2‐10 µm). After processing, great compatibility between SAP and the matrix is achieved. Nanocomposites with 15 wt.% of SAP show increases in Young's modulus (73%), tensile stress (30%), and tensile toughness (63%), and a decrease in water vapor permeability (34%) compared to the films without SAP (TPS). The use of 30 wt.% of SAP leads to a slight increase in crystallinity without significant changes in the overall properties, as a consequence of the combination of the effects produced by the presence of nanofiller and the enrichment of the matrix in amylopectin. This investigation provides a methodology for developing amylopectin‐enriched starch nanocomposites with high compatibility between the nanofiller and the matrix as an attractive alternative for conventional starch‐based packaging.
The Corona Pandemic in Central Asia
Authors: Dzhuraev Shairbek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has proved to be a stress test in nearly all policy areas in Central Asian states since 2020. While healthcare, education and economics were some of the early targets, the novel coronavirus also upended nations’ international agendas. Leaders’ summits, now in an online format, focused on the pandemic. More broadly, Covid-19 has turned into a major variable in debates on globalisation, institutions or global inequality that can also be illustrated by looking at cases in Central Asian countries. The pandemic has exposed the pre-existing conditions of international relations in the region, hampering regional cooperation and significantly impacting Central Asia’s relations with key extra-regional powers.
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FB in the SMEFT: precision Z physics at the LHC
Authors: Bresó-Pla Víctor , Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the forward-backward asymmetry AFB in pp → ℓ+ℓ− at the Z peak within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We find that this observable provides per mille level constraints on the vertex corrections of the Z boson to quarks, which close a flat direction in the electroweak precision SMEFT fit. Moreover, we show that current AFB data is precise enough so that its inclusion in the fit improves significantly LEP bounds even in simple New Physics setups. This demonstrates that the LHC can compete with and complement LEP when it comes to precision measurements of the Z boson properties.
The onset of thermal convection in anisotropic and rotating bidisperse porous media
Authors: Capone F. , Gentile M. , Massa G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe onset of thermal convection in anisotropic rotating bidisperse porous media is investigated. The optimal result concerning the coincidence between linear instability and nonlinear stability thresholds with respect the $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm is obtained.