bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of visual recovery in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion after treatment with Conbercept
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hou Yinfen , Cao Xiao , Zhang Rongrong , Liu Yinping , Wei Chenghua , Wu Changfan , Mei Lixin , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The use of Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to evaluate the predictors of visual acuity-recovery in patients treated with conbercept for macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) has rarely been seen. We collected 26 CRVO-ME patients with different OCT measures at 6 months follow-up to identify the factors that are most strongly correlated with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) post-treatment in CRVO-ME patients treated with conbercept.

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal conbercept injections for the treatment of CRVO-ME and to determine the major predictors of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) post-treatment.

Methods
A retrospective study methodology was used. Twenty-six eyes from 26 patients with CRVO-ME were enrolled in the study. After an initial intravitreal injection of conbercept (0.5 mg/0.05 ml), monthly injections for up to 6 months were given following a 1 + PRN (pro re nata) regimen. Data collected at monthly intervals included measurements of the logMAR BCVA, central subfield thickness (CST), macular volume (MV), photoreceptor layer thickness (PLT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONLT), and the disrupted ellipsoid zone (DEZ). The correlation between BCVA, before and after injections, and each of CST, MV, PLT, ONLT, DEZ was analyzed.

Results
The logMAR BCVA in months 3 and 6 post-injection was significantly improved relative to the baseline. In this same period the CST, MV, PLT, ONLT and DEZ were also significantly improved relative to the baseline. There was a negative correlation between PLT and logMAR BCVA at months 3 and 6 after treatment (r = − 0.549, P < 0.001; r = − 0.087, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Intravitreal injection of conbercept is an effective treatment for CRVO-ME. With 6 months of follow-up, logMAR BCVA and CST, MV, PLT, ONLT, DEZ improved. PLT was negatively correlated with the visual function in CRVO-ME patients after conbercept treatment, which may be a predictor of vision recovery in patients with CRVO-ME.
Transmission of cytomegalovirus via breast milk in low birth weight and premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Hu Wei , Sun Xuan , Chen Ling , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) via breast milk in low birth weight (LBW) and premature infants and its effects.MethodsPubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for studies (without language and time restriction) published before March 27, 2020, that examined the effect of CMV transmitted by breast milk on LBW and premature infants. The rates of breast milk-acquired CMV infection, CMV-related symptoms, and CMV-related sepsis-like syndrome (CMV-SLS) in LBW and premature infants were pooled from each study.ResultsEighteen studies with 1920 LBW and premature infants were included. The pooled CMV infection rate from breast milk for infants fed untreated breast milk was significantly higher than those fed frozen breast milk [19.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.8–29.9% vs. 13.5, 95% CI = 8.0–22.0%,P < 0.01). Similarly, the pooled CMV infection rate for infants fed untreated breast milk was significantly higher than those with mixed feeding (P < 0.0001). The mixed feeding group had a significantly lower rate of CMV-related symptoms than the other groups (2.4%,P < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings suggested a higher CMV infection rate in LBW or premature infants fed untreated breast milk than other feeding groups. Studies on the long-term outcomes of CMV infection transmitted from breast milk are needed to address the optimal feeding practice.
Displacement and stress distribution of the craniomaxillofacial complex under different surgical conditions: a three-dimensional finite element analysis of fracture mechanics
Authors: Chen Junjie , Xu Yuhan , Li Chengri , Zhang Lingling , Yi Fang , Lu Yanqin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
To provide a simplified treatment strategy for patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. We investigated and compared the fracture mechanics and stress distribution of a midline palatal suture under dynamic loads during surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion.

Methods
Based on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of a 21-year-old female volunteer, a three-dimensional model of the cranio-maxillofacial complex (including the palatal suture) was constructed. A finite element analysis model was constructed based on meshwork. After the yield strength of the palatal suture was set, an increasing expansion force (0–500 N) was applied within 140 ms to calculate the time–load curve, which mimicked nonsurgical bone expansion (model A). The same method was used to evaluate the fracture process, time and stress distribution of the palatal suture in maxillary lateral osteotomy-assisted (model B) and LeFort osteomy I (LFIO)-assisted expansion of the maxillary arch (model C).

Results
Compared with model A, the palatal suture of model B and model C showed a faster stress accumulation rate and shorter fracture time, and the fracture time of model B and model C was almost identical. Compared with model A, we discovered that model B and model C showed greater lateral extension of the maxilla, and the difference was reflected mainly in the lower part of the maxilla, and there was no difference between model B and model C in lateral extension of the maxilla.

Conclusions
Compared with arch expansion using nonsurgical assistance (model A), arch expansion using maxillary lateral wall-osteotomy (model B) or LFIO had a faster rate of stress accumulation, shorter time of fracture of the palatal suture and increased lateral displacement of the maxilla. Compared with arch expansion using LFIO (model C), arch expansion using lateral osteotomy (model B) had a similar duration of palatal suture rupture and lateral maxillary extension. In view of the trauma and serious complications associated with LFIO, maxillary lateral wall-osteotomy could be considered a substitute for LFIO.
Enablers of the successful implementation of simulation exercises: a qualitative study among nurse teachers in undergraduate nursing education
Authors: Haddeland Kristine , Slettebø Åshild , Fossum Mariann 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Simulation exercises are increasingly being used as a teaching method in the field of undergraduate nursing education. Thus, the present study sought to identify, describe and discuss enablers of the successful implementation of simulation exercises in undergraduate nursing education.

Methods
This study had a qualitative descriptive design and involved individual interviews conducted between November and December 2018 with six nurse teachers from three different university campuses in Norway. The transcribed interviews were analysed by means of a qualitative thematic analysis.

Results
The majority of the interviewees wanted to offer more simulation exercises as part of their respective undergraduate nursing education programmes. Moreover, creating a safe environment, facilitating student-centred learning and promoting reflection were all identified by the interviewees as enablers of the successful implementation of simulation exercises.

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that nurse teachers consider simulation to be a valuable teaching method for improving students’ learning outcomes. In addition, the findings could guide the future implementation of simulation exercises in undergraduate nursing education.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT 04063319.
Protocol ID: 52110 Nursing Students’ Recognition of and Response to Deteriorating Patients.
Adolescents’ perceived barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services in California: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Decker Martha J. , Atyam Tara V. , Zárate Catherine Gilmore , Bayer Angela M. , Bautista Consuelo , Saphir Melissa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Adolescents may forego needed sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services due to a variety of concerns and barriers. The purpose of this study is to compare adolescents’ perceptions of these barriers by participant characteristics including race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, housing situation, and sexual experience.

Methods
Adolescents in a California-wide sexual health education program completed an anonymous survey at baseline (N = 10,015) about perceived barriers to using SRH services. Logistic regression analyses that accounted for the clustered data structure assessed differences by gender, age, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, living situation, and sexual experience.

Results
The majority of participants were Hispanic/Latino (76.4%) with an average age of 14.9 years, and 28.8% had sexual experience. Half of the youth reported concerns about test results (52.7%), cost of services (52.0%), and confidentiality of services (49.8%). When controlling for other characteristics, youth identifying as transgender/non-binary/multiple genders had the highest odds of perceiving cost (odds ratio (OR) 1.89) and confidentiality (OR 1.51) as barriers. Increasing age was associated with decreasing odds of all barriers. Sexual orientation was a consistent predictor, with LGBQ+ youth having higher odds of perceiving test results (OR 1.21), cost (OR 1.36), and confidentiality (OR 1.24) as barriers. Asian or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian youth had higher odds of perceiving test results (OR 1.68) and cost (OR 1.37) as barriers. In contrast, Black youth had lower odds of reporting cost (OR 0.65) and confidentiality (OR 0.77) as barriers. Younger respondents and youth who identified as female, transgender/non-binary/multiple genders, LGBQ+, and Asian or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian had higher odds of reporting five or more barriers compared to reference groups.

Conclusions
The majority of adolescents face barriers to accessing appropriate SRH services, with females, gender-minority youth, younger adolescents, LGBQ+ youth, and Asian and Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian youth more likely than others to report barriers. Access to SRH services can be improved through strengthening linkages between clinics and SRH education programs, providing youth-friendly clinical services, and ensuring youth have sufficient information, skills, and support to access care.

Trial registration
Approved by California Health and Human Services Agency’s Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects [12-08-0658, 11/30/2017].
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy in five Chinese families based on relative mutation dosage approach
Authors: Zhao Ganye , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Lina , Dai Peng , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Relative haplotype dosage (RHDO) approach has been applied in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the RHDO procedure is relatively complicated and the parental haplotypes need to be constructed. Furthermore, it is not suitable for the diagnosis of de novo mutations or mosaicism in germ cells. Here, we investigated NIPD of DMD using a relative mutation dosage (RMD)-based approach—cell-free DNA Barcode-Enabled Single-Molecule Test (cfBEST), which has not previously been applied in the diagnosis of exon deletion.

Methods
Five DMD families caused by DMD gene point mutations or exon deletion were recruited for this study. After the breakpoints of exon deletion were precisely mapped with multiple PCR, the genotypes of the fetuses from the five DMD families were inferred using cfBEST, and were further validated by invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Results
The cfBEST results of the five families indicated that one fetus was female and did not carry the familial molecular alteration, three fetuses were carriers and one was male without the familial mutation. The invasive prenatal diagnosis results were consistent with those of the cfBEST procedure.

Conclusion
This is the first report of NIPD of DMD using the RMD-based approach. We extended the application of cfBEST from point mutation to exon deletion mutation. The results showed that cfBEST would be suitable for NIPD of DMD caused by different kinds of mutation types.
Effect of fermented Rhus verniciflua stokes extract on liver function parameters in healthy Korean adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwak Jung Hyun , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Jeong Seok-Tae , Lee Ju Yeon , Lee Minho , Paik Jean Kyung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (FRVE) reported an anti-hepatic lipidemic property mediated by the upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cell and animal models. However, it remains unclear whether there is an effect of FRVE on liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid levels in humans. We investigated the effects of FRVE intake for 12 weeks on liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid profiles in Korean adults.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted among 79 subjects. An aqueous extract of fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes that was filtered and fermented was prepared. For 12 weeks, the test group (n = 39) consumed two capsules of FRVE (main components: fustin 129 mg and fisetin 59 mg) once daily. The control group (n = 40) consumed two placebo pills (main component: lactose 627.0 mg) once daily. A 1:1 randomization of control and test was performed using computer-generated randomization. Both before and after FRVE intake, anthropometric parameters, liver function-related parameters, and clinical laboratory parameters were measured. The effects between the test and control groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test, and the difference between baseline and follow-up values was compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and paired t-test.

Results
There was no significant difference when comparing the change values of liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid profiles in between groups.

Conclusions
In our study, we did not confirm the significance in liver function parameters and serum lipid profiles.

Trial registration
The study protocol was registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp) under number KCT0005687. Registered on 2 December 2020
Ultrasound at the patient’s bedside for the diagnosis and prognostication of a renal colic
Authors: Bourcier Jean-Eudes , Gallard Emeric , Redonnet Jean-Philippe , Abillard Morgan , Billaut Quentin , Fauque Laura , Jouanolou Anna , Garnier Didier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing a ureteral colic is sometimes difficult; however, clinicians should not fail to detect a surgical emergency. This is why diagnostic strategies depend on the imaging examinations, especially ultrasound. Prior studies have investigated the accuracy of Point of Care Ultrasound (PoCUS), but there are relatively few. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the PoCUS in the diagnosis of renal colic. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between the imaging results and the treatment performed.MethodsAfter the clinical evaluation of patients aged > 18 years with suspected ureteral colic, the Emergency Physician (EP) trained in ultrasound performed PoCUS to conclude whether a diagnosis of “renal colic” should be made. A computed tomography (CT) examination was subsequently performed, to determine whether ureteral or bladder lithiasis was present to diagnose a ureteral colic. The patient’s management was decided according to the to degree of urinary tract dilatation, presence of perinephric fluid, size, and localization of stones.ResultsOf the 12 Eps in our units, seven met the training criteria for the inclusion of patients. A total of 103 patients were analyzed, and the renal colic diagnosis was retained in 85 cases after the CT examination. The accuracy of PoCUS was 91% (86; 95%) for detecting urinary tract dilatation, 83% (76; 90%) for detecting perinephric fluid, and 54% (44; 64%) for detecting lithiasis. Only high urinary tract stones with ≥ 6 mm diameter were surgically managed (p < 0.01). Conversely, distal ureteral stones with a diameter of < 6 mm were managed with medical ambulatory treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionPoCUS is a good diagnostic tool, for renal colic, and could help reduce the requirement for the CT examinations and, hence, reduce induced radiation exposure.
Predicting respiratory failure in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 by admission sex-specific biomarkers
Authors: Pagano Maria Teresa , Peruzzu Daniela , Busani Luca , Pierdominici Marina , Ruggieri Anna , Antinori Andrea , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Petrosillo Nicola , Palmieri Fabrizio , Piselli Pierluca , Cicalini Stefania , Notari Stefania , Nicastri Emanuele , Agrati Chiara , Ippolito Giuseppe , Vaia Francesco , Gagliardi Maria Cristina , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Ortona Elena ,   INMI-ISS COVID-19 team, Macchione Manuela , Di Lorenzo Rachele , Camici Marta , Gagliardini Roberta , Vita Serena , Maffongelli Gaetano , Milozzi Eugenia , Faraglia Francesca , Cerva Carlotta , Mosti Silvia , Donno Davide Roberto , Chinello Pierangelo , Bordoni Veronica , Sacchi Alessandra , Tartaglia Eleonora , Casetti Rita , Grassi Germana , Cimini Eleonora , Dupuis Maria Luisa , Anticoli Simona , Fecchi Katia , Bellenghi Maria , Puglisi Rossella , Mattia Gianfranco , Pontecorvi Giada 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Several biomarkers have been identified to predict the outcome of COVID-19 severity, but few data are available regarding sex differences in their predictive role. Aim of this study was to identify sex-specific biomarkers of severity and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19.

Methods
Plasma levels of sex hormones (testosterone and 17β-estradiol), sex-hormone dependent circulating molecules (ACE2 and Angiotensin1-7) and other known biomarkers for COVID-19 severity were measured in male and female COVID-19 patients at admission to hospital. The association of plasma biomarker levels with ARDS severity at admission and with the occurrence of respiratory deterioration during hospitalization was analysed in aggregated and sex disaggregated form.

Results
Our data show that some biomarkers could be predictive both for males and female patients and others only for one sex. Angiotensin1-7 plasma levels and neutrophil count predicted the outcome of ARDS only in females, whereas testosterone plasma levels and lymphocytes counts only in males.

Conclusions
Sex is a biological variable affecting the choice of the correct biomarker that might predict worsening of COVID-19 to severe respiratory failure. The definition of sex specific biomarkers can be useful to alert patients to be safely discharged versus those who need respiratory monitoring.
The association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health in middle and later life: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sun Jian , Luo Hongye , Li Chaofan , Wang Qianqiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
It is unclear that whether childhood neighborhood relationship is associated with mental health among middle-aged and older adults. To overcome this research gap, this study aimed to investigate the association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health among the middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods
The data of this study was sourced from the 2014 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used ordinary least squares and logit regression models to explore the association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health among the middle-aged and older adults in China.

Results
The regression results indicate that the middle-aged and older adults who lived in place where neighbors had close-knit relationships at childhood was significantly associated with decreased odds of suffering from depressive symptoms (OR = 0.4259, p < 0.001). Furthermore, compared to the middle-aged and older adults who lived in place where neighbors were not close-knit at childhood, those who lived in place where neighbors were close-knit at childhood had a reduced CES–D score (coefficient = − 2.7822, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the importance of living in place where neighbors had close-knit relationships at childhood. The integrated interventions, including maintaining close-knit neighborhood relationships and strengthening the construction of community, may be useful to improve mental health.
Courting emissions: climate adjudication and South Africa’s youth
Authors: Nkrumah Bright 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The urgency to pursue sustainable consumption or use energy in a manner that does not negatively impact the environment has become an important theme in recent times. As a major fluctuation in the atmosphere, climate change will be one of the major challenges faced by youth. As a result, there have been a growing number of young South Africans advocating for environmental justice. Surprisingly, their effort has not yielded the expected result as the country continues to emit a high amount of greenhouse gases. The notion of youth may be construed as those between the ages of 15 and 24. The age bracket suggests that the adult lives of this population will be shaped by environmental crises such as famines, vector-borne diseases, and hikes in commodity prices which may impinge on their basic rights to life, health, and property. This development triggers an ancient discourse, what role can youth play towards decarbonization? In other words, which effective avenue could be used by young people for capping emissions?

Methods
An analysis of South Africa’s energy policy documents relevant to sustainability was conducted through the application of desktop research. We use (inter)national instruments and jurisprudence to understand how a state structure, like the judiciary, could nudge the executive to cap rising green gas emissions. South Africa is used as a case study because of its over-reliance on coal for electricity, and how young people could use the existing legal framework to cap rising emissions. Drawing from existing literature, the paper interrogates the lack of activism around climate litigation and under what conditions this pattern could be reversed in South Africa.

Results
The paper found that while litigation has an important role to play in mitigating climate change, it ought to be complemented with other forms of advocacy.

Conclusions
The study concludes that given the government’s perceived slow steps towards shifting from coal to renewables, youth (who will bear the brunt of high emissions) ought to use both courtrooms and advocacy to trigger political action.