bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings
Authors: Malik Omar Abbas Ahmed , Chhapra Rijah 
Published: March 2021

We have created a bleeding leg simulator using inexpensive and readily available materials to teach civilians in resource-poor settings how to control exsanguinating hemorrhage until the patient can be brought to the hospital, as commercially available mannequins are often too expensive in these settings. Items used include a leg of lamb, IV tubing, IV fluids, and food coloring.The model was consistently rated as ‘‘nearly – real’’ to ‘‘life like’’ by ten physicians and surgeons, cost less than fifty dollars to make, and provided a fairly realistic model for teaching hemorrhage control.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3517
How to cite this:Malik OAA, Chhapra R. An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):916-918. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3517
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection
Authors: Jégouic Sophie M. , Jones Ian M. , Edwards Alexander D. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Miniaturised bioassays permit diagnostic testing near the patient, and the results can be recorded digitally using inexpensive cameras including smartphone and mobile phone cameras. Although digital cameras are now inexpensive and portable, the minimum performance required for microfluidic diagnostic bioassays has not been defined. We present a systematic comparison of a wide range of different digital cameras for capturing and measuring results of microfluidic bioassays and describe a framework to specify performance requirements to quantify immunoassays. Methods: A set of 200 µm diameter microchannels was filled with a range of concentrations of dyes used in colorimetric and fluorometric enzyme immunoassays. These were imaged in parallel using cameras of varying cost and performance ranging from <£30 to >£500. Results: Higher resolution imaging allowed larger numbers of microdevices to be resolved and analysed in a single image. In contrast, low quality cameras were still able to quantify results but for fewer samples. In some cases, an additional macro lens was added to focus closely. If image resolution was sufficient to identify individual microfluidic channels as separate lines, all cameras were able to quantify a similar range of concentrations of both colorimetric and fluorometric dyes. However, the mid-range cameras performed better, with the lowest cost cameras only allowing one or two samples to be quantified per image. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that quantitation (to determine endpoint titre) of antibodies against dengue and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses is possible using a wide range of digital imaging devices including the mid-range smartphone iPhone 6S and a budget Android smartphone costing <£50. Conclusions: In conclusion, while more expensive and higher quality cameras allow larger numbers of devices to be simultaneously imaged, even the lowest resolution and cheapest cameras were sufficient to record and quantify immunoassay results.
Idea powrotu Ormian z rozproszenia do narodowej ojczyzny w świetle memoriałów Roberta Bogdanowicza z 1877 i 1884 roku
Authors: Zięba Andrzej A. 
Published: March 2021

The idea of the return of Armenians from dispersal to their historicalhomeland in the context of the Robert Bogdanowicz’s memorials from 1877 and 1884
The article contains an analysis of the two memorials, of which the first,from 1877, remained in the manuscript, and the second, from 1885, was publishedunder the title The question of the Church of Armenian rite and its mission, as wellas the Armenian question in the East in their own country. Both were compiled byRobert Bogdanowicz, a landowner, a descendant of an Armenian family who hadlived in Poland for at least four centuries. The memorials were inspired by the author’scorrespondence with the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire,Mikhail Loris-Melikov, and Armenian archbishop Gabriel Ayvazovski. Bogdanowiczdiscussed the issue of Armenia’s independence, and in Russia he saw a patronof the struggle for national liberation. He called for the return of Polish Armeniansto their homeland in order to rebuild the state and its culture and spread ArmenianCatholicism there. Bogdanowicz can be considered one of those political thinkers ofmodern Armenia who were the co-founders of the ideology of Armenian nationalism,although the language barrier excluded its influence on other parts of the Armeniandiaspora. He did not receive any significant response among his peers atfirst, but then gained a few like-minded followers in the generations that followed.Therefore, he can be considered a protagonist of the Armenian national renaissanceof Polish Armenians that took place between the two world wars, and whose furtherdevelopment was blocked by the destruction of their homeland in former Galicia andtheir dispersion after 1944.
The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of hip fractures in the elderly: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Malik-Tabassum K , Robertson A , Tadros BJ , Chan G , Crooks M , Buckle C , Rogers B , Selmon G , Arealis G 
Published: March 2021

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic presented extraordinary challenges to the UK healthcare system. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology, treatment pathways and 30-day mortality rates of hip fractures. Outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients were compared against those who tested negative. Methods An observational, retrospective, multicentre study was conducted across six hospitals in the South East of England. Data were retrieved from the National Hip Fracture Database and electronic medical records. Data was collected for the strictest UK lockdown period (period B=23 March 2020–11 May 2020), and the corresponding period in 2019 (period A). Results A total of 386 patients were admitted during period A, whereas 381 were admitted during period B. Despite the suspension of the ‘Best Practice Tariff’ during period B, time to surgery, time to orthogeriatric assessment, and 30-day mortality were similar between period A and B. The length of inpatient stay was significantly shorter during period B (11.5 days vs 17.0 days, p<0.001). Comparison of COVID-19 positive and negative patients during period B demonstrated that a positive test was associated with a significantly higher rate of 30-day mortality (53.6% vs 6.7%), surgical delay >36h (46.4% vs 30.8%, p=0.049), and increased length of inpatient stay (15.8 vs 11.7 days, p=0.015). Conclusions The COVID-19 lockdown did not alter the epidemiology of hip fractures. A substantially higher mortality rate was observed among patients with a COVID-19 positive test. These findings should be taken into consideration by the healthcare policymakers while formulating contingency plans for a potential ‘second wave’.
Zum Status sprachlich kodierter Einheiten in der massenmedialen Kommunikation
Authors: Kapuścińska Anna 
Published: March 2021

This article advocates a perspective on the textuality of language units in the massmedia which is not biased with the established cultural schemes. Due to their massmedia context it appears to be unadequate to categorise them as texts, even though they are from the formal viewpoint comparable to conventional text units. However, such units are evidently not intended for the kind of reception which is typical of texts, but function rather as components of complex “visual surfaces” (Schmitz 2011: 23–42). Most researchers – also outside the field of linguistics – attempt to ascribe such units to one of the established categories of signs, so that they are perceived either as (unusual) texts or as (unusual) pictures, which inevitably results in focusing on their either textual or pictorial aspects. An alternative is an interdisciplinary approach, perceiving such units as a separate type of signs und determining their comprehensive analysis.
“As it’s our last exchange next time…”. The closure initiation in email counseling
Authors: Thurnherr Franziska 
Published: March 2021

This paper reports from an interpersonal pragmatics perspective on the negotiation of closure of the counseling process in five naturally occurring email counseling exchanges between one counselor and five different clients. I focus on three aspects: who initiates closure, in what form, and in which interpersonal context. A mixed methodology consisting of a discourse-analytic approach combined with a participant interview serves to examine the closure initiation from multiple perspectives. Results show that extensive collaborative work (e. g. relational strategies such as showing empathy or praising) is carried out to create a “closure-relevant” environment in which the initiation of closure can occur. The counselor, who initiates all five closures, tailors the initiation according to clients’ progress so far and elicits specific relational work (e. g. self-praise) from clients that aims to position them as active self-helpers. It is the collaborative work by counselor and clients that facilitates the closure initiation of the counseling process. The analysis of the collaborative work from an interpersonal pragmatics perspective provides further empirical evidence of the link between relational work and identity construction.
Sentence adverbials: Defining the research object and outlining the research results
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria , Albom Ana , Cimmino Doriana , Spagnolo Marta Lupica 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this contribution – functioning as preface to the special issue of Linguistik online entitled Formal and functional perspectives on sentence adverbials in the Romance languagesand beyond – is to give a general overview of its research object and agenda. We start by providing a morpho-syntactic definition of the category of adverbials and then present a functional classification of these expressions, paying particular attention to the category of sentence adverbials. After having clarified the research object of this special issue, we present the content of the ten contributions collected, by identifying the lines of analysis which they address.
Efektivitas low light emitting diode sebagai lampu pengumpul ikan untuk perikanan bagan tancap
Authors: Susanto Adi , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Baskoro Mulyono Sumitro , Riyanto Mochammad , Purwangka Fis 
Published: March 2021

The effectiveness of the artificial lights on fishing activity with a fixed lift net is significant influences on the success of fishing operations. The used of color and intensity must be adjusted to the preferences, response and behavior of the target fish, due to the fish can be more quickly attracted and concentrated in the catchable area. The development of LED technology as an energy-saving lamp has a great opportunity to be applied as a fishing lamp for fixed lift net fisheries. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of low power LEDs as a fishing lamp based on fish behavioral response. The study was conducted on a research field laboratory that was built in the waters of the Banten Bay in July - August 2018. Test fish were collected from catches of the guiding barrier around the research vehicle. Data on response and behavior of fish to fluorescent lights, blue, green and white LEDs were recorded using 360 ° sonar and side imaging sonar. The results showed the green LEDs had better effectiveness in attracting, focusing and concentrating fish in the main zone than other types of lights. The fish gather more quickly, form groups and have a stable and consistent swimming pattern in the main lighting zone. Green LED is more appropriate to be used as a fishing lamp on fixed lift net fishing with an optimum intensity range of 4-20 μW cm².Keywords: Light, Intensity, Optimum, Response, BehaviorABSTRAKEfektivitas lampu yang digunakan pada proses penangkapan dengan bagan tancap sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan operasi penangkapan ikan. Intensitas dan warna yang digunakan harus disesuaikan dengan preferensi, respons dan tingkah laku ikan target sehingga ikan lebih cepat terkumpul dan terkonsentrasi pada catchable area. Perkembangan teknologi LED sebagai lampu hemat energi berpeluang besar digunakan sebagai fishing lamp untuk perikanan bagan tancap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas low power LED sebagai lampu pemikat ikan berdasarkan aspek respons dan tingkah laku ikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada wahana penelitian yang dibangun di perairan Teluk Banten pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2018. Ikan uji diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan sero yang berada di sekitar wahana penelitian. Data respons dan tingkah laku ikan terhadap lampu neon, LED biru, hijau dan putih direkam menggunakan sonar 360° dan side imaging sonar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LED hijau memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dalam memikat, mengumpulkan dan mengkonsentrasikan ikan pada main zone dibandingkan jenis lampu lainnya. Ikan lebih cepat berkumpul, membentuk kelompok serta memiliki pola renang yang stabil dan konsistem di zona utama pencahayaan. LED hijau lebih tepat digunakan sebagai fishing lamp pada bagan tancap dibandingkan jenis lampu lainnya dengan intensitas optimum antara 4-20 μW/cm².Kata kunci: Cahaya, Intensitas, Optimum, Respons, Tingkah laku
Peran dinamika laut dan topografi terhadap pola hujan tipe lokal di wilayah Kota Palu
Authors: Alfiandy Solih , Hutauruk Rheinhart Christian Hamonangan , Permana Donaldi Sukma 
Published: March 2021

Palu is well – known for its local type rainfall patterns but there are no previous studies examining the relationship between its rainfall pattern and ocean dynamics at regional scale and its unique topography in this region. The aim of this research is to determine the role of ocean dynamics through an analysis of mean sea surface temperatures (SST) and its correlation to rainfall, analysis of precipitable water and zonal-meridional winds against SST and topographic effects on rainfall which causes Palu is having a local type rainfall pattern. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis and quantitative statistical analysis. The results showed that the pattern of precipitable water and zonal-meridional winds follow the pattern of SST which influenced by the sun’s annual motion. Rainfall in Palu is affected by the SST and moisture from surrounding waters of Palu with varying amounts each month. Local type rainfall patterns in Palu is influenced by a combination of ocean dynamics, land-sea breeze and valley-mountain winds due to geographical location and unique topographic condition.Keywords: Ocean dynamics, Sea surface temperature, Rainfall, pattern local type, Palu city ABSTRAKKota Palu terkenal dengan pola hujan tipe lokal namun belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji wilayah ini untuk mengetahui hubunganya dengan dinamika laut dalam skala regional dan topografinya yang unik. Tujuan dari kajian penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran dinamika laut melalui analisis rata – rata suhu permukaan laut dan hubungannya dengan curah hujan, analisis rata – rata kondisi uap air atau precipitable water serta angin zonal – meridional terhadap suhu permukaan laut dan pengaruh topografi terhadap curah hujan yang menyebabkan wilayah kota Palu memiliki pola hujan tipe lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pola precipitable water dan angin zonal – meridional mengikuti pola suhu permukaan laut yang dipengaruhi oleh gerak semu matahari tahunan. Curah hujan di wilayah kota Palu mendapatkan kontribusi dari suhu permukaan laut di sekitar wilayah perairan kota Palu dengan jumlah yang bervariasi disetiap bulannya. Pola hujan tipe lokal di wilayah kota Palu terjadi karena adanya kombinasi antara dinamika laut, angin darat – angin laut dan angin lembah – angin gunung karena letak geografis serta kondisi topografinya yang unik.Kata kunci: Dinamika Laut, Pengaruh suhu Permukaan laut, Pola hujan tipe lokal, Kota Palu
Narrow-linewidth high-efficiency single-frequency ytterbium-doped fiber laser with highly linear polarization at 1064  nm
Authors: Qi Zhangni , Yin Taoce , Jiang Xiaogang , Chen Feihong , He Sailing 
Published: March 2021

We present a linearly polarized single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of over 35 dB and a narrow linewidth of less than 4.5 kHz. The very high PER is obtained by utilizing the polarization evolution effect at the optical fiber and the high-performance polarizing beam splitter. The SLM is achieved by using a segment of polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber as a narrowband filter. In addition, a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB and a good slope efficiency of 60.5% are achieved. Using an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier, a linearly polarized SLM laser system with a high power of over 2.5 W is demonstrated at 1064 nm.
Application of Fresnel diffraction from the edge of a transparent plate to measurement of glucose concentration
Authors: Bahmanpour Sana , Mahmoudi Ali 
Published: March 2021

We present a new method for measuring the solution concentration based on laser light diffraction from the edge of a glass plate immersed in the solution. It is shown experimentally that the visibility of diffraction fringes is varied periodically with solution concentration and the period is related to light wavelength and thickness of the glass plate. There are intervals of concentrations in which the visibility-concentration curve is very near to linear. By choosing a suitable glass plate, one can change the extent of measurable concentrations and the resolution of the method. Using a 1 mm thick glass plate, we obtained a resolution of

7.67
×

10

−
6

g

/

c
c

in the detection of glucose concentration. The presented method is accurate and much simpler than other methods for measuring the solution concentration.
All-optical single-shot complete electric field measurement of extreme ultraviolet free electron laser pulses
Authors: Peters William K. , Jones Travis , Efimov Anatoly , Pedersoli Emanuele , Foglia Laura , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Nikolov Ivaylo , Trebino Rick , Danailov Miltcho B. , Capotondi Flavio , Bencivenga Filippo , Bowlan Pamela 
Published: March 2021

Recent advances in ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray light
sources provide direct access to fundamental time and length scales
for biology, chemistry, and materials physics. However, such light
pulses are challenging to measure due to the need for femtosecond time
resolution at difficult-to-detect wavelengths. Also, single-shot
measurements are needed because severe pulse-to-pulse fluctuations are
common. Here we demonstrate single-shot, complete field measurements
by applying a novel version of frequency resolved optical gating. An
EUV free electron laser beam creates a transient grating containing
the pulse’s electric field information, which is read out with a
400 nm probe pulse. By varying the time delay between two copies of
the EUV pump, rather than between the pump and the probe, we separate
the needed coherent wave mixing from the slow incoherent response.
Because this approach uses photoionization, it should be applicable
from the vacuum ultraviolet to hard x rays.
Myocardial extracellular volume quantification by computed tomography predicts outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Hammer Yoav , Talmor-Barkan Yeela , Abelow Aryeh , Orvin Katia , Aviv Yaron , Bar Noam , Levi Amos , Landes Uri , Shafir Gideon , Barsheshet Alon , Vaknin-Assa Hana , Sagie Alexander , Kornowski Ran , Hamdan Ashraf 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe extent of myocardial fibrosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis might have an important prognostic value. Non-invasive imaging to quantify myocardial fibrosis by measuring extracellular volume fraction might have an important clinical utility prior to aortic valve intervention.MethodsSeventy-five consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis, and 19 normal subjects were prospectively recruited and underwent pre- and post-contrast computed tomography for estimating myocardial extracellular volume fraction. Serum level of galectin-3 was measured and 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed to characterize the extent of cardiac damage using a recently published aortic stenosis staging classification.ResultsExtracellular volume fraction was higher in patients with aortic stenosis compared to normal subjects (40.0±11% vs. 21.6±5.6%; respectively, p<0.001). In patients with aortic stenosis, extracellular volume fraction correlated with markers of left ventricular decompensation including New York Heart Association functional class, left atrial volume, staging classification of aortic stenosis and lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Out of 75 patients in the AS group, 49 underwent TAVI, 6 surgical AVR, 2 balloon valvuloplasty, and 18 did not undergo any type of intervention. At 12-months after aortic valve intervention, extracellular volume fraction predicted the combined outcomes of stroke and hospitalization for heart failure with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.88). A trend for correlation between serum galectin-3 and extracellular volume was noted.ConclusionIn patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing computed tomography before aortic valve intervention, quantification of extracellular volume fraction correlated with functional status and markers of left ventricular decompensation, and predicted the 12-months composite adverse clinical outcomes. Implementation of this novel technique might aid in the risk stratification process before aortic valve interventions.
Admission of electronic evidence
Authors: Rutenberg Isaac , Kiptinness  Stephen , Sugow Abdulmalik 
Published: March 2021

In its provision for the admissibility of electronic evidence, the Kenyan Evidence Act includes two apparently conflicting provisions. Under section 106B, the Evidence Act prescribes conditions for admissibility, and uses the concept of a certificate as a means of proof of authenticity. On the other hand, under section 78A, electronic evidence is admissible, with no mention of the use of a certificate. There has been conflicting jurisprudence as a result. This paper proposes that section 106B ought to be repealed to give way to the section 78A presumption of admissibility due to numerous issues associated with the certificate.
Index words: Kenya; Evidence Act; conditions for admissibility; electronic evidence; conflicting jurisprudence; Commonwealth Model Law on Electronic Evidence