bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of 9 Amino Acids With Cardiovascular Events in Finnish Men in a 12-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Jauhiainen Raimo , Vangipurapu Jagadish , Laakso Annamaria , Kuulasmaa Teemu , Kuusisto Johanna , Laakso Markku 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
To investigate the significance of 9 amino acids as risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease events in 9584 Finnish men.

Materials and Methods
A total of 9584 men (age 57.4 ± 7.0 years, body mass index 27.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2) from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men study without cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes at baseline were included in this study. A total of 662 coronary artery disease (CAD) events, 394 ischemic stroke events, and 966 cardiovascular disease (CVD; CAD and stroke combined) events were recorded in a 12.3-year follow-up. Amino acids were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance platform.

Results
In Cox regression analysis, phenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD and CVD events, and phenylalanine with increased risk of ischemic stroke after the adjustment for confounding factors. Glutamine was significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and CVD events and nominally with CAD events. Alanine was nominally associated with CAD events.

Conclusion
We identified alanine as a new amino acid associated with increased risk of CAD and glutamine as a new amino acid associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. We also confirmed that phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with CAD, ischemic stroke, and CVD events.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated With Thyroidectomy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Eun Kyung , Ahn Hwa Young , Ku Eu Jeong , Yoo Won Sang , Lee Young Ki , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chai Young Jun , Moon Shinje , Jung Yuh-Seog 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Thyroid dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population; however, it remains controversial whether differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment, including thyroidectomy and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression, further increases the risk of CVD.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of CVD in patients with DTC.

Methods
We performed a review of observational studies on associations between DTC and cardiovascular outcomes, indexed in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. We excluded studies that evaluated CVD as comorbidity before DTC diagnosis and those that used active surveillance without thyroidectomy as an intervention. Risk estimates were pooled using random- and fixed-effects models when 3 or more studies reported on the outcome of interest. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were examined.

Results
Eighteen studies were included in the quantitative analysis (193 320 cases with DTC and 225 575 healthy controls). DTC was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (pooled risk ratio [RR] = 1.55 [95% CI: 1.30-1.84]), coronary artery disease (RR = 1.10 [1.00-1.21]), cerebrovascular accidents (RR = 1.15 [1.09-1.20]), and all-cause mortality (RR = 1.95 [1.03-3.69]). DTC was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.22 [0.01-0.42]), heart rate (0.37 [0.17-0.57]), left ventricular mass index (0.66 [0.45-0.88]), and interventricular septal thickness (0.91 [0.33-1.49]) and lower early to late ventricular filling velocities (−0.42 [−0.79 to −0.05]), but not with ejection fraction.

Conclusion
Patients with DTC are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, CVD, increased heart rate, and left ventricular mass development.
Acute Visceral Pain in Rats: Vagal Nerve Block Compared to Bupivacaine Administered Intramuscularly
Authors: Ben Rehouma Mouna , Kfoury Toni , Hamdi Leila , Bouchouareb Meriem , Soued Mickael , Benhamou Dan , Mazoit Jean Xavier 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Visceral and parietal peritoneum layers have different sensory innervations. Most visceral peritoneum sensory information is conveyed via the vagus nerve to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We already showed in animal models that intramuscular (i.m.) injection of local anesthetics decreases acute somatic and visceral pain and general inflammation induced by aseptic peritonitis. The goal of the study was to compare the effects of parietal block, i.m. bupivacaine, and vagotomy on spinal cord and NTS stimulation induced by a chemical peritonitis.

METHODS:
We induced peritonitis in rats using carrageenan and measured cellular activation in spinal cord and NTS under the following conditions, that is, a parietal nerve block with bupivacaine, a chemical right vagotomy, and i.m. microspheres loaded with bupivacaine. Proto-oncogene c-Fos (c-Fos), cluster of differentiation protein 11b (CD11b), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in cord and NTS were studied.

RESULTS:
c-Fos activation in the cord was inhibited by nerve block 2 hours after peritoneal insult. Vagotomy and i.m. bupivacaine similarly inhibited c-Fos activation in NTS. Forty-eight hours after peritoneal insult, the number of cells expressing CD11b significantly increased in the cord (P = .010). The median difference in the effect of peritonitis compared to control was 30 cells (CI95, 13.5–55). TNF-α colocalized with CD11b. Vagotomy inhibited this microglial activation in the NTS, but not in the cord. This activation was inhibited by i.m. bupivacaine both in cord and in NTS. The median difference in the effect of i.m. bupivacaine added to peritonitis was 29 cells (80% increase) in the cord and 18 cells (75% increase) in the NTS. Our study underlines the role of the vagus nerve in the transmission of an acute visceral pain message and confirmed that systemic bupivacaine prevents noxious stimuli by inhibiting c-Fos and microglia activation.

CONCLUSIONS:
In rats receiving intraperitoneal carrageenan, i.m. bupivacaine similarly inhibited c-Fos and microglial activation both in cord and in the NTS. Vagal block inhibited activation only in the NTS. Our study underlines the role of the vagus nerve in the transmission of an acute visceral pain message and confirmed that systemic bupivacaine prevents noxious stimuli. This emphasizes the effects of systemic local anesthetics on inflammation and visceral pain.
TRPM7 is a crucial regulator of pancreatic endocrine development and high-fat-diet-induced β-cell proliferation
Authors: Altman Molly K. , Schaub Charles M. , Dadi Prasanna K. , Dickerson Matthew T. , Zaborska Karolina E. , Nakhe Arya Y. , Graff Sarah M. , Galletta Thomas J. , Amarnath Gautami , Thorson Ariel S. , Gu Guoqiang , Jacobson David A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The melastatin subfamily of the transient receptor potential channels (TRPM) are regulators of pancreatic β-cell function. TRPM7 is the most abundant islet TRPM channel; however, the role of TRPM7 in β-cell function has not been determined. Here, we used various spatiotemporal transgenic mouse models to investigate how TRPM7 knockout influences pancreatic endocrine development, proliferation and function. Ablation of TRPM7 within pancreatic progenitors reduced pancreatic size, and α-cell and β-cell mass. This resulted in modestly impaired glucose tolerance. However, TRPM7 ablation following endocrine specification or in adult mice did not impact endocrine expansion or glucose tolerance. As TRPM7 regulates cell proliferation, we assessed how TRPM7 influences β-cell hyperplasia under insulin-resistant conditions. β-Cell proliferation induced by high-fat diet was significantly decreased in TRPM7-deficient β-cells. The endocrine roles of TRPM7 may be influenced by cation flux through the channel, and indeed we found that TRPM7 ablation altered β-cell Mg2+ and reduced the magnitude of elevation in β-cell Mg2+ during proliferation. Together, these findings revealed that TRPM7 controls pancreatic development and β-cell proliferation, which is likely due to regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis.
Digital twins for managing railway maintenance and resilience
Authors: Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Sresakoolchai Jessada , Lin Yi-hsuan 
Published: August 2021

Background: To improve railway construction and maintenance, a novel digital twin that helps stakeholders visualize, share data, and monitor the progress and the condition during services is required. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digitalization tool, which adopts an interoperable concept that benefits the whole life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the project. BIM’s applications create higher performance on cost efficiency and optimal time schedule, helping to reduce any unexpected consumption and waste over the life cycle of the infrastructure. Methods: The digital twin will be developed using BIM embedded by the lifecycle analysis method. A case study based on Taipei Metro (TM) has been conducted to enhance the performance in operation and maintenance. Life cycles of TM will be assessed and complied with ISO14064. Operation and maintenance activities will be determined from official records provided by TM. Material flows, stocks, and potential risks in the LCA are analyzed using BIM quantification embedded by risk data layer obtained from TM. Greenhouse emission, cost consumption and expenditure will be considered for integration into the BIM. Results: BIM demonstrated strong potential to enable a digital twin for managing railway maintenance and resilience. Based on the case study, a key challenge for BIM in Taiwan is the lack of insights, essential data, and construction standards, and thus the practical adoption of BIM for railway maintenance and resilience management is still in the design phase. Conclusions: This study exhibits a practical paradigm of the digital twin for railway maintenance and resilience improvement. It will assist all stakeholders to engage in the design, construction, and maintenance enhancing the reduction in life cycle cost, energy consumption and carbon footprint. New insight based on the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit system is highly valuable for railway industry globally by increasing the lifecycle sustainability and improving resilience of railway systems.
Development of an innovative process involving the use of ionic liquids for the recovery and purification of rare earths from permanent magnets and NIMH batteries
Authors: Hidalgo Jokin , Tripiana María , Sanchez-Cupido Laura , Barragán Manuel , González-Moya María , Siriwardana Amal 
Published: August 2021

Background: Nowadays, the industry trends are reflecting an increase in the consumption of products containing rare earth elements (REEs), which leads to the generation of several REE-containing residues such as spent permanent magnets (SPM), permanent magnet swarf (PMS), and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. Methods: Due to the risk of supply and to decrease the dependency of Europe in obtaining REEs, an innovative process for obtaining REEs in the form of rare earth oxalates (REOx) that can be easily transformed to an xide mixture by calcination is proposed. The proposed method includes leaching of REEs from SPM, PMS, and NiMH batteries using different solvents such as ionic liquids and/or mineral acids; precipitation of REE in the form of REOx and purification of the final products by an ionic liquid extraction (ILE) process for removing the impurities using Cyphos 101 as ionic liquid. Intensive research, based on laboratory tests, is described for each of the parts of the process with the aim of providing optimized results. Results: In this study, >99% recovery of the REE initially present in the leachates after the leaching phase is achieved, with a purity of the REOxafter the precipitation and purification steps higher than 95%. Conclusion: A novel and innovative process for the extraction of REEs from secondary sources has been investigated in this paper, demonstrating strong potential for its implementation. The REEEs recovery rate and the purity obtained together with the low environmental impact of this process compared to conventional ones can contribute to a greener future where the usage of REEs will presumably be even more relevant.
Conditions of life and death at Panama Viejo: a bioarchaeological study of human skeletal remains (1519-1671)
Authors: Rivera-Sandoval Javier 
Published: August 2021

Panama, founded in 1519, became one of the most important sites for the Spanish Crown, consolidating itself as an economic center that connected the trade routes between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. This situation produced a convergence of people of different origins (indigenous, African, and European) in the city, generating a strong process of biological as well as social and cultural mixture, which impacted daily life during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These processes were addressed by the research project: An ARTery of Empire (ARTEmpire) (European Research Council, Consolidator of Grant [CoG] 648535), which included archaeological excavations at the two sites occupied by Panama's main temple: one to the south-east of the Main Square (1519-1541) and the other where the cathedral was installed from 1542 until the city’s destruction in 1671. This article presents the results of the bioarchaeological study of 175 individuals recovered during the aforementioned archaeological excavations, reconstructing their living conditions. The sample consists mostly of female (55.43%) and young adult individuals (52.57%), highlighting the absence of older adults and the underrepresentation of children and juveniles. The preservation of the sample limited observations of population affiliation, but individuals with traits predominant in African (23.43%), European (21.71%), and Amerindian (9.71%) populations were identified. Paleopathological analysis shows mostly lesions associated with infectious diseases, entheseal changes, porotic hyperostosis, degenerative joint disease, and trauma. In addition, the teeth reveal masticatory wear, calculus, decay, periodontal disease, and chipping. However, an initial observation of the sample indicates no significant differences that show that one sector of the population may have been more affected than another. This is interesting since individuals from diverse origins converged at Old Panama, responding to the process of globalization at this port.
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions for acute mental health inpatients
Authors: Wainwright Laura D , Haddock Gillian , Dunster-Page Charlotte , Berry Katherine 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims Inpatient wards provide an opportunity to intervene with medical, psychological and social care to contain distress and prevent future relapse. However, they have been criticised for an over-reliance on medication and risk management with limited psychosocial interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical trials of psychosocial interventions for inpatients to identify interventions that are effective at improving quality of life, symptoms or patient functioning. Methods An electronic search of six databases was conducted for papers published from 1806 up until February 2017. A total of 18 randomised controlled trials was identified in which outcomes for symptoms, quality of life or functioning were reported. Results Overall, 15 trials showed a statistically significant result for at least one outcome. Seven categories were identified from the 18 studies, at least one in each category was found to be effective for symptoms, quality of life or functioning. The majority were effective (15 out of 18). Conclusions Given that the methodological quality was generally low and number of randomised controlled trials were small, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Recommendations include more and repeated trials using rigorous methods of testing and reporting.
Exploring public attitudes towards men with depression: a thematic analysis
Authors: Liddell Sophie Elizabeth , Andriopoulou Panoraia 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims Men with depression often experience stigmatising attitudes from the general public, which can cause distress and affect their help-seeking behaviours. This study aims to expand the research on public stigma by exploring public attitudes towards men with depression. Methods Five women and two men who had not experienced depression personally were recruited to this study and took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse their data. Results The main themes that emerged concerned awareness, depression as a gendered phenomenon and the generational divide. The participants conveyed that older generations exhibit greater stigmatising attitudes, that awareness in men's experience of depression is lacking and that public stigma is intrinsically linked to societal expectations of how a man should behave. Conclusions These themes highlight areas for further research, and the themes that have been identified should be taken into consideration when creating destigmatisation materials aimed at the general public.
High dynamic range distributed acoustic sensing based on dual-wavelength fiber Bragg grating pairs
Authors: Wu Jun , Li Zhengying , Fu Xuelei , Fan Minlang , Gui Xin , Wang Honghai 
Published: August 2021

A high dynamic range distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system is demonstrated based on a dual-wavelength (

2
λ

) interferometric acoustic sensor array, constructed using

2
λ

fiber Bragg grating pairs (FBGPs). Each FBGP is composed of two weak FBGs presenting

−

30

-dB reflectivity and center wavelengths of 1535 nm and 1565 nm. With the phase demodulation results from the two wavelengths,

2
λ

linear regression phase unwrapping is implemented, which significantly enhances the dynamic range of the DAS system. By examining the four time-division-multiplexed sensors, an average background noise level of

−

105.2

d
B
r
a
d

/

H
z

at 1 kHz and a cross talk level lower than

−

70

d
B

at 1 kHz are achieved.
Diffuse midline gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant are associated with less peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement in comparison to glioblastomas, H3 K27M-wildtype of midline structures
Authors: Banan Rouzbeh , Akbarian Arash , Samii Majid , Samii Amir , Bertalanffy Helmut , Lehmann Ulrich , Hartmann Christian , Brüning Roland 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The entity ‘diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG)’ was introduced in the revised 4th edition of the 2016 WHO classification of brain tumors. However, there are only a few reports on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these tumors. Thus, we conducted a retrospective survey focused on MRI features of DMG compared to midline glioblastomas H3 K27M-wildtype (mGBM-H3wt).

Methods
We identified 24 DMG cases and 19 mGBM-H3wt patients as controls. After being retrospectively evaluated for microscopic evidence of microvascular proliferations (MVP) and tumor necrosis by two experienced neuropathologists to identify the defining histological criteria of mGBM-H3wt, the samples were further analyzed by two experienced readers regarding imaging features such as shape, peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement.

Results
The DMG were found in the thalamus in 37.5% of cases (controls 63%), in the brainstem in 50% (vs. 32%) and spinal cord in 12.5% (vs. 5%). In MRI and considering MVP, DMG were found to be by far less likely to develop peritumoral edema (OR: 0.13; 95%-CL: 0.02–0.62) (p = 0.010). They, similarly, were associated with a significantly lower probability of developing strong contrast enhancement compared to mGBM-H3wt (OR: 0.10; 95%-CL: 0.02–0.47) (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Despite having highly variable imaging features, DMG exhibited markedly less edema and lower contrast enhancement in MRI compared to mGBM-H3wt. Of these features, the enhancement level was associated with evidence of MVP.
Menstrual hygiene practice among female adolescents and its association with knowledge in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Arefaynie Mastewal , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish , Mitiku Kefale , Agmas Amare , Biset Gebeyaw , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Adane Metadel , Addisu Elsabeth , Dewau Reta 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies on menstrual hygiene practice were largely inconsistent and single national evidence is required. Thus, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene and its association with knowledge about menstrual hygiene among female adolescents in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-2015 Guidelines). This systematic review included studies conducted on female adolescents in Ethiopia irrespective of their publication and study period until the end of July 1, 2020. The data extracted in the Microsoft Excel sheet format was exported into the STATA/SE14 version statistical software for further analysis. I2test was used to test heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed by using Egger’s weighted regression test.ResultsThirteen full-text articles including 6907 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the random effect model, the pooled prevalence of poor menstrual hygiene practice was 48.98% [95% CI: (36.42, 61.53)]. Those female adolescents who had poor knowledge were 2.6 times more likely to have poor menstrual hygiene practice as compared to counterparts [AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.45, 4.72)].ConclusionsThe prevalence of poor menstrual hygiene practice was high and knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene was significantly associated with poor menstrual hygiene practice. Information education communication and behavioral change communication at all levels of education should be the primary focus area of the government.
Modelling chronic malnutrition in Zambia: A Bayesian distributional regression approach
Authors: Moonga Given , Böse-O’Reilly Stephan , Berger Ursula , Harttgen Kenneth , Michelo Charles , Nowak Dennis , Siebert Uwe , Yabe John , Seiler Johannes 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe burden of child under-nutrition still remains a global challenge, with greater severity being faced by low- and middle-income countries, despite the strategies in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globally, malnutrition is the one of the most important risk factors associated with illness and death, affecting hundreds of millions of pregnant women and young children. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions in the world struggling with the burden of chronic malnutrition. The 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) report estimated that 35% of the children under five years of age are stunted. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution, and associated factors of stunting in Zambia.MethodsWe analysed the relationships between socio-economic, and remote sensed characteristics and anthropometric outcomes in under five children, using Bayesian distributional regression. Georeferenced data was available for 25,852 children from two waves of the ZDHS, 31% observation were from the 2007 and 69% were from the 2013/14. We assessed the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of covariates on the height-for-age z-score.ResultsStunting decreased between 2007 and 2013/14 from a mean z-score of 1.59 (credible interval (CI): -1.63; -1.55) to -1.47 (CI: -1.49; -1.44). We found a strong non-linear relationship for the education of the mother and the wealth of the household on the height-for-age z-score. Moreover, increasing levels of maternal education above the eighth grade were associated with a reduced variation of stunting. Our study finds that remote sensed covariates alone explain little of the variation of the height-for-age z-score, which highlights the importance to collect socio-economic characteristics, and to control for socio-economic characteristics of the individual and the household.ConclusionsWhile stunting still remains unacceptably high in Zambia with remarkable regional inequalities, the decline is lagging behind goal two of the SDGs. This emphasises the need for policies that help to reduce the share of chronic malnourished children within Zambia.