bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 evasion from ADAR hyper-editing is both genome-encoded and sustained by the virus replication strategy
Authors: Bortoletto Enrico , Venier Paola , Shapiro Maxwell , Leonardi Andrea , Rosani Umberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is threatening the human society because of its capability to subvert antiviral defenses, causing cytokine hyper-activation and prolonged damage in multiple tissues with unpredictable outcomes in the mid-long term. Here, we evaluated the role of ADAR, an interferon-stimulated gene able to control the activation of the immune system and to directly modify exogenous dsRNAs, during in-vivo infection by SARS-CoV-2. After accurate analysis of 863 RNA-seq samples from different species, we identified ADAR-mediated hyper-editing of SARS-CoV-2 only in 49 human datasets at a low level (0.036‰ hyper edited reads on average) and preferentially on ORF6. Conversely, in mouse datasets we found abundant hyper-editing of viral reads (up to 1.16‰). The analysis of dinucleotide frequency along the ORFs of α, β, δ and γ coronaviruses highlighted the evolutionary pressure of ADAR enzymes, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 resistance to hyper-editing is both genome-encoded and supported by the viral transcription strategy.
The association of oxidative stress biomarkers with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Banik Sujan , Ghosh Antara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although the exact etiologies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not well defined, the effect of oxidative stress is considered an important factor in the development of T2DM. However, there are controversial outcomes in the association between oxidative stress biomarker levels and T2DM. The present study was aimed to critically examine the association of oxidative stress biomarkers with T2DM.Methods: We systematically searched different electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science to find relevant articles up to 31 December 2019. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to define the variation between the study groups. Results: A total of 22 case-control studies with 2853 subjects (1667 diabetic patients and 1186 healthy controls) were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled results of meta-analysis showed a significant difference in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels [SMD (95% CI): 2.27 (1.62, 2.91)], nitric oxide (NO) levels [SMD (95% CI): 1.40 (0.00, 2.81)], glutathione (GSH) levels [SMD (95% CI): -1.76 (-2.94, -0.59)], and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels [SMD (95% CI): -1.40 (-2.28, -0.51)] between patients group and controls. Whereas, there was no significant difference observed in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels [SMD (95% CI): -1.20 (-2.55, 0.15)] and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels [SMD (95% CI): 0.07 (-2.80, 2.94)].Conclusion: The current meta-analysis suggests that oxidative stress might have a potential role in the pathogenesis of T2DM in humans. Further studies should be needed to elucidate the possible mechanism and strengthen this evidence.
Anti-hypertensive effect of Korean fermented soybean paste (Doenjang) through regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in male rats fed with high-fat and/or high-salt diet
Authors: Woo Hayoung , Park Jung Eun , Cha Youn-Soo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Korean fermented food, doenjang, is questioned due to its high salt content, although it has been reported an abundance of beneficial effects. Therefore, we investigated its impact on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) hypertension using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and male Sprague-Dawley rats.Results: Among the rats fed with normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), high-fat diet with 8% table salt (HDS), or high-fat diet with doenjang containing 8% table salt (HDJ) for 13 weeks, the HDJ group showed significantly lower blood pressure, lesser body weight, and reduced levels of serum angiotensin II and aldosterone, compared to the HD and HDS groups. In addition, mRNA expressions levels of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor type 1, and angiotensin II receptor type 2 were downregulated in epididymal fat of the HDJ group.Conclusions: In spite of its high salt content, Doenjang appears to inhibit obesity-induced hypertension through modulation of RAS by blocking the angiotensin converting enzyme, even with high fat intake.
Pancreas-Specific ARID1A Deficiency Promotes Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia&nbsp;and Elevates Interleukin-6 Expression in Experimental Pancreatitis&nbsp;Model
Authors: Zhang Liming , Li Zhaoyun , Zhou Yong , Zhu Jie , Jin Chong , Mo Jing-gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Although role of ARID1A in pancreatic homeostasis and tumorigenesis has been recently described using genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, whether ARID1A plays a role in pancreatic inflammation and regeneration remains to be explored.Methods: Pancreas-specific Arid1a-deficient GEM model (Arid1adef) was generated by Ela1-Cre/ERT2 mice crossing with Arid1afl/fl mice and characterized histologically. In physiological and inflammatory conditions, serum amylase and lipase activity were measured to investigate effects of Arid1a deficiency on pancreatic secretion function. Histology analysis of pancreas was used to evaluate pancreatic lesions and recovery. Ex vivo primary acinar cell culture was employed to study acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) process. In HPNE cells, ARID1A knockdown and histone acetyltransferases inhibitors were used to explore epigenetic regulation on interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to analyze on IL6 promoters.Results: Arid1a deficiency promoted formation of ductal cysts characterized as silenced acinar genes and activated duct genes. Arid1a-deficient acinar cells were more inclined to trans-differentiation to ductal cells in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model. Expression analysis of proinflammatory cytokines reveals that ARID1A deficiency led to increased IL-6 expression in mice acinar cells and HPNE cells. ARID1A-associated histone acetylation partially involved in epigenetic regulation of IL-6. Conclusion: These results demonstrate ARID1A is involved in cerulein-induced AP development by mediating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and suggest that ARID1A-containing SWI/SNF complex is an epigenetic regulator of acute pancreatitis.
A Method of Real-temporal Object Tracking Combined the Temporal Information and Spatial Information
Authors: Jia XiaoShuo , Li Zhihui , Li Kangshun , Zeng Shangyou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of single target tracking is to accurately and continuously locate a specific object when it is moving. However, when the objects encounter with fast movement, severe occlusion, too small size, and the same local features, the tracking algorithm which based on correlation filter or convolutional neural network will appear the positioning error phenomenon. Aiming at the above problems, this paper designs a single target tracking algorithm: relative temporal spatial network (RTSnet). RTSnet is a multi-thread network that composed of Relative temporal Information Network (RTInet) and Relative Spatial Information Network (RSInet). RTInet is designed on the basis of LSTM, and it has the predictable characteristics of temporal. It mainly obtains the relative temporal information between the frames before and after the target. RSInet, an improved twin network based on the Triplet Network, has the effect of similarity determination which can to obtain the spatial information between the frames before and after the target. In the experiments, the RTSnet is trained by using LASOT data set and verified by using the LASOT test set and The OTB100 data set. In the test set of LASOT, the accuracy of RTSnet reaches 85.5%, StruckSiam reaches 50% and STRCF reaches 54%. Meanwhile, its tracking speed reaches 120fps due to the RTSnet adopts dual-thread operation. On the OTB100 data-set, the accuracy of RTSnet is 81.1%.
Multidimensional Effects Decomposition of Urbanization on Energy Consumption based on a Modified LMDI Model
Authors: Yan Xiang , Huang Yongchun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Urbanization is important for population transfer, it triggers the coordination and adaptation process among population, space and industries, which in turn have multiple effects on energy consumption (EC). This paper conducted multidimensional effects decomposition of EC change in China (1998–2017) based on a modified LMDI model. The findings revealed that urbanization has a greater pulling effect on EC of production side over life side. Household consumption effect is the leading factor stimulating the increase in EC at production side. The convergence of urban and rural residents' consumption behaviors has increasingly contributed to EC fluctuation at life side, and become the handicap for energy sustainable development with population expansion. Unreasonable land utilization from space aspect has intensified EC, however, the scale effect produced by population agglomeration negatively caused fluctuation of living EC. The transformation and upgrading of traditional energy-driven industries and technological progress have alleviated energy pressure, and the consumption inhibiting effect has an inverted U-shaped effect on EC (promote first, decrease later). Thus, this paper further proposed that when the development from industry aspect encounters bottleneck, more attention should be paid to improve residents' consumption habits at population aspect, and release resource allocation momentum from space aspect to reduce EC.
Expression of ZjPSY, A Phytoene Synthase Gene from Zoysia Japonica Leads to Leaf Yellowing and Plant Dwarfing in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Dong Di , Teng Ke , Tan Penghui , Liu Zhuocheng , Yang Zhuoxiong , Wang Mengdi , Li Shuwen , Li Yinreuizhi , Han Liebao , Chao Yuehui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Phytoene synthase (Psy) is a key limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway by regulating phytoene synthesis. In this study, ZjPSY was isolated and identified from an important lawn grass species, Zoysia japonica. ZjPSY cDNA was 1230 bp in length, corresponding to 409 amino acids. ZjPSY showed higher expression in young leaves and were down-regulated after GA3, ABA, SA, and MeJA treatments, exhibited a sensitivity to hormones. By analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ZjPSY promoter region, ZjPSY exhibited be regulated of light and multiple hormones. To investigate the functions of ZjPSY, the plant expression vector was constructed to obtain transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of ZjPSY protein led to carotenoid accumulation and altered expression of genes involved in carotenoid contents. ZjPSY expressing Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited yellowing and dwarfing phenotypes and contained more carotenoids than the wild type. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified a novel interacting partner of ZjPSY, ZjJ2 (DNAJ homologue 2), which encodes heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40). Taken together, this study suggests that ZjPSY plays an important role in carotenoid synthesis, leaf color development and hormone response in transgenic plants. These results broadened the understanding of carotenoid synthesis pathways and laid a foundation for the exploration and utilization of PSY gene.
ASG Version of Integral Sliding Mode Robust Controller for AV Nonholonomic 2D Models Avoiding Obstacles
Authors: Vargas Hector , Meda Jesús Alberto , Poznyak Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new robust controller is designed and analysed providing an autonomous vehicle, moving within a 2D - plain, with the ability to avoid collision with a set of obstacles despite of the presence of uncertainties in the Autonomous Vehicle (AV) with nonholonomic dynamic. The state variables (2 plain coordinates and 3 angles) and their velocities are assumed to be measurable. The controller design is based on Integral Sliding Mode (ISM) concept, aimed to minimize a given convex (not obligatory strongly convex) function of the current state. The subgradient of this cost function is also supposed to be measurable online. An optimization type algorithm is developed and analyzed using ideas of the Averaged Subgradient (ASG) technique. The main results consist in proving the reachability of the desired regime (non stationary analogue of sliding surface) from the beginning of the process and obtaining an explicit upper bound for the cost function decrement, that is, a functional convergence is proven and the rate of convergence is estimated, providing multiple obstacle avoidance. A numerical example depicts a good performance of the suggested hereby method.
Multi-material Topology Optimization Based on Multiple SIMP of Variable Density Method
Authors: Jiao Hongyu , Li Ying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper a multiple SIMP (solid isotropic material with penalization model) of variable density method is proposed to solve the problem of muli-material topology optimization. All candidate materials including void material are arranged in descending order of elastic modulus. The material conversion scheme of multiple SIMP is based on the elastic modulus of the candidate material after interpolation. Based on the guide-weight method, the iterative criterion of muti-material topology optimization is derived from the Kuhn-Tucker condition. Three examples show that the proposed method is effective and robust to solve the problem of muti-material topology optimization.
Did Negative News Regarding the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine end in Vaccine Hesitancy? A Repeated Cross-Section Event Study from the UK
Authors: Comerford David , Olivarius Olivia , Bell David , Dawson Alison , Brown Tamara , McGregor Lesley , Pemble Cath , McCabe Louise , Douglas Elaine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is influenced by perceived risk and benefits. On March 15th 2021 various countries suspended use of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine against Covid-19 following deaths arising from blood clots. The story became headline news and online search querying vaccine safety increased. What happened to Covid-19 vaccine intentions? We were collecting relevant data at the time. Our survey asked UK adults if they intended to get the vaccine and measured their attitudes towards it. Data collection from respondents before coverage of the story reached its peak (March 12th-15th; n = 241) was compared with responses after the peak (March 17th; n = 305). Our data show no reductions in intentions or attitudes. Our study is uniquely positioned to analyse real-world responses and indicates that media coverage of this story did not reduce intention to take up the vaccine in the UK.
A comparative analysis of heavy metals present in cigarette and cigarette leachate
Authors: Michal Maria , Maria Anu , Velayudhannair Krishnakumar , Vincent Xavier , Radhakrishnan Divya K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Smoked cigarette and butts are the most common forms of litter globally. The local water bodies and their compartments have been severely polluted by the accumulation of these litters and the cumulative effect of many cigarette butts littered in a centralised area may present a significant threat to the living organisms. It is essential to study the leaching behaviour of cigarettes to understand how the heavy metals are leached out into the aquatic ecosystem. In this context, we determined the concentration of different metals (such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn & Hg) leached from the different brands of unsmoked and smoked cigarette and cigarette butts by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results revealed that the amounts of heavy metal are higher in butt samples (USB and SB) of both cigarette and leachate irrespective of brands, compared to the tobacco part of the cigarette and the concentrations of certain toxic heavy metals in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. These results suggest that cigarette litter was found to be one of the major sources of metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem and apparent leaching may increase the risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Subthreshold Analytical Model of Asymmetric Gate Stack Triple Metal Gate All Around MOSFET (AGSTMGAAFET) for Improved Analog Applications
Authors: Ganesh Arvind , Goel Kshitij , Mayall Jaskeerat Singh , Rewari Sonam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have proposed a 2D analytical model for Asymmetric gate stack triple metal gate MOSFET(AGSTMGAAFET) and performed a comparative analysis with the simulation results obtained using the SILVACO 3D simulation software. Existing devices such as gate all around single metal (SMGAAFET), gate all around triple metal (TMGAAFET), gate stack single metal (GSSMGAAFET), gate stack triple metal (GSTMGAAFET) and asymmetric gate stack single metal (AGSTMGAAFET) have been compared with our proposed structure AGSTMGAAFET. Our device provides excellent performance in terms of drain current, transconductance, output conductance, current gain, maximum transducer power gain which shows our device’s suitability for various analog applications moreover the potential and electric field plots obtained have twostep profile and extremely low electric field near the drain region which ordains our device with the ability to suppress various SCE’s like DIBL and hot-carrier effect. The analytical model and simulation results show good convergence in values which validate the correctness of the proposed model.
Simple and Sensitive Multi-Components Detection Using Synthetic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Based on Soluble Starch
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Ji Wenxuan , Qiao Jinjuan , Li Heng , Zhang Yun , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent sensors have been widely exploited, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, two kinds of nitrogen-doped CDs (NCD-m and NCD-o) based on soluble starch (SS) as carbon source were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using m-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as nitrogenous dopant respectively. Through fluorescence “on-off” mechanism of CDs, NCD-m and NCD-o could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Ag + with LOD of 0.25 and 0.5 μM, respectively. Additionally, NCD-m could be used for indirect detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with LOD of 5 μM. Moreover, fluorescence intensity of NCD-m also exhibited the sensitivity to pH change from 2 to 13. More importantly, Both NCD-m and NCD-o had potential application for analysis of complicated real samples such as tap water, Vitamin C tablets and orange juice. Ultimately, the small size of NCD-m could contribute to reinforcing intracellular endocytosis, which allowed them to be used for bacteria imaging.
Reconstruction of the Catastrophic Outburst Floods of the Diexi Ancient Landslide-Dammed Lake in the Upper Minjiang River, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Junxue , Chen Jian , Cui Zhijiu , Zhou Wendy , Chen Ruichen , Wang Chengbiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Landslide-dammed lake outburst floods (LLOFs) may pose serious safety threats to nearby residents and their livelihoods, as well as cause major damages to the downstream areas in mountainous regions. This study presents the Diexi ancient landslide-dammed lake (DALL) in the Upper Minjiang River at the eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau, which was known to an estimated previous maximal lake area of 1.1 × 107 m2 and an impounded volume of 2.9 × 109 m3. Then, at approximately 27 ka BP, the ancient landslide dam failed and catastrophic LLOFs occurred. It was determined that the peak discharge of the Diexi ancient LLOFs could be reconstructed using regression, parametric, and boulder competence approaches. The reconstructed maximum peak discharge might be 72,232.66 m3/s, with an average velocity of 17.23 m/s, indicating that the Diexi ancient LLOFs were the most gigantic outburst floods to occur in the Upper Minjiang River Valley since the Late Pleistocene Period. The differences in the widths and slopes within the former and the later reaches of the dam indicated that the geomorphic influences on the river channel resulting from the DALL and its LLOFs have existed for tens of thousands of years. These findings were of major significance in deepening the understanding of the existence and disappearances of important river-knickpoints on a time scale of tens of thousands of years.
Material Basis and Mechanism of Chansu Injection for COVID-19 Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Xu Yong , Peng Wenpan , Han Di , Wang Zhichao , Feng Fanchao , Wu Qi , Zhou Xian-mei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving disease with no effective drug treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to treat COVID-19 in China. Chansu and its major active constituent, bufalin, exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Although the clinical efficacy of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment has been confirmed, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Objectives: In this study, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore the potential material basis and mechanism of action of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment. Methods: The main components of Chansu injection were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, SEA, and TCMID databases were used to screen for the active ingredients and therapeutic targets of Chansu injection while the OMIM and GeneCards Suite databases were used to search for COVID-19-related targets. The STRING database was used for protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and topological analysis while DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets. Molecular docking of the three Chansu injection components (i.e., cinobufagin, resibufogenin, and bufalin) to angiotensin-converting enzyme II, spike (S) protein, 3CL protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was also carried out. Results: The three Chansu injection compounds were identified using HPLC. A total of 236 drug-related targets and 16,611 disease-related targets were identified, and 77 common targets were determined through mapping. The PPI mapping results revealed 16 core targets obtained through topological analysis and screening. Further, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the PI3K and JAK–STAT signaling pathways are the major pathways regulated by Chansu injection in COVID-19 treatment. The molecular docking results suggest that the three Chansu injection components have high binding energies to the S protein. Conclusions: This study revealed that the potential mechanism of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment involves multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing a scientific basis for its clinical application and further research.