bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of radiation dose resulting from the recycling of large metal wastes from decommissioning nuclear power plants in Korea
Authors: Son Jin Ho , Kong Tae Young , Yang Ho Yeon , Kim Seong Jun , Lee Eun Ji , Choi Wo Suk , Chung Woon Kwan , Kim Hee Geun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing the permanent shutdown of Kori Unit 1 in June 2017, the Republic of Korea has been preparing for full‐scale decommissioning work. In addition, the design life of 12 units will expire by 2030. If decommissioning begins without initially extending the lifespan of nuclear reactors, massive amounts of decommissioning wastes will be generated in a short period. The total amount of radioactive wastes generated during the dismantling of a pressurized water reactor is estimated as 6200 tons, and approximately 70% of the total radioactive wastes are classified as metal wastes. Self‐disposal through the decontamination of contaminated metals can contribute to the economic feasibility of decommissioning nuclear power plants because it can reduce the disposal cost of medium‐ and low‐level radioactive wastes. Therefore, this study evaluated the possibility of self‐disposal of steam generators that may occur during future decommissioning. The radioactivity analysis data on transferring the replaced steam generator of Hanul Unit 1 were used as the source term. The decontamination factor was calculated by applying 200 units from 1200 to 2000, and the radiation dose was evaluated using the RESRAD‐RECYCLE code. Consequently, the single‐nuclide concentration and sum of the allowable concentration fraction for mixed radionuclides at a decontamination factor of 1400 were below the regulatory requirements; however, the dose evaluation results exceeded the allowable dose in some scenarios. The decontamination factor was 2000, when the dose evaluation results for all scenarios met the regulatory requirements.
Sensory analysis, volatile profiles and antimicrobial properties of Origanum vulgare L. essential oils
Authors: Tsitlakidou Petroula , Papachristoforou Alexandros , Tasopoulos Nikolaos , Matzara Aikaterini , Hatzikamari Magdalini , Karamanoli Katerina , Mourtzinos Ioannis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the aroma profile and antimicrobial properties of Origanum vulgare L. essential oils collected from four districts of Greece. The essential oil composition was analysed by GC/MS, and aroma attributes were determined by a panel of sensory specialists using quantitative descriptive analysis. Eighteen monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were identified. Carvacrol, p‐cymene and γ‐terpinene were the main constituents of the essential oil extracted in wild plants grown in the islands of Samothraki and Skopelos and the mainland region of Nafpaktia. In contrast, the OEO (oregano essential oil) from Lemnos island consisted mainly of thymol, p‐cymene and γ‐terpinene. GC‐MS results concurred with the results of sensory analysis. Carvacrol and p‐cymene were associated with odour typical of oregano, while the presence of γ‐terpinene and pinene imparted minty and terpenic odour properties to oregano essential oils (OEOs). Samothraki's OEO exhibited the most prominent odour properties and was the most highly rated for oregano aroma by the sensory panel. All samples exhibited antibacterial activity against selected foodborne pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and S. Typhimurium) as assayed by the well diffusion method.
Optimization of spray‐drying process to manufacture green tea powder and its characters
Authors: Thi Anh Dao Dong , Van Thanh Hoang , Viet Ha Do , Duc Nguyen Vuong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTea leaves (Camellia sinensis) have many health benefits due to their abundance of polyphenols with antioxidant activity, most notably epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG). To protect those bioactive compounds, the spray‐drying technique of green tea‐extracted solution is conducted because of encapsulating. This study aimed to optimize the spray‐drying condition using the response surface methodology (RSM) with respect to the maximal polyphenol content of the product. Furthermore, the characterizations of resulting powder were determined. The results showed that optimal spray‐drying temperature, input flow rate, and whey protein isolate (WPI) content were evaluated at 136℃, 6.8 rpm, and 10.3% of dry basis, respectively. The obtained green tea powder products, which got from optimal spray‐drying process, achieved total polyphenol content (TPC), EGCG, and caffeine content of 322.06 mg GAE/g, 11.4%, and 2.8% of dry basis, respectively. This result revealed the feasibility of green tea leaves to produce tea powder rich in EGCG and polyphenols by spray‐drying technique, potentially contributing to the diversification of tea products.
Origin of the Tongda fluorite deposit related to the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate subduction in southern Jiangxi Province, China: New evidence from geochronology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion, and H–O isotope compositions
Authors: Yang Shi‐Wen , Feng Cheng‐You , Lou Fa‐Sheng , Zhang Fang‐Rong , Yu Cheng‐tao , Cao Sheng‐hua , He Bin , Li Min , Zou Hao , Xu De‐Ru 
Published: October 2021

The southern Jiangxi Province is an important part of the fluorite mineralization belt in South China. Fluorite ore bodies are primarily in the contact zone between the Devonian Huitong granitic complex and the Late Cretaceous Ganzhou Formation, controlled by the NE‐trending faults. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Huitong granitic complex yields emplacement ages of 410.7 ± 1.4 Ma and 400.7 ± 4.6 Ma, while the Sm–Nd dating of the fluorite yields an isochron age of 94 ± 2 Ma, suggesting that the Huitong granitic complex is the host rock. Fluid inclusions in the fluorite show low homogenization temperatures (136–207°C), salinities (1.23–3.87 wt% NaCl), and densities (0.87–0.95 g/cm3), suggesting that the ore‐forming fluid is an NaCl‐H2O system of low temperature, salinity, and density. Raman spectroscopy showed that the fluid phase is dominated by water. The δDVSMOW values of the fluid inclusions in the Tongda fluorite ranged between −59.5 and −55.2‰, while the δ18OVSMOW values of the fluorite ranged from −7.2 to −5.6‰. Collectively, the ore‐forming fluid is dominated by meteoric water, possibly with a minor contribution of hydrothermal fluid. Both the interaction with host rocks and the cooling of hydrothermal fluids are the likely mechanisms of underlaying fluorite precipitation at low temperatures. The mineralization occurred in extensional faults during the Late Cretaceous related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Oceanic Plate.
Microglia control glutamatergic synapses in the adult mouse hippocampus
Authors: Basilico Bernadette , Ferrucci Laura , Ratano Patrizia , Golia Maria T. , Grimaldi Alfonso , Rosito Maria , Ferretti Valentina , Reverte Ingrid , Sanchini Caterina , Marrone Maria C. , Giubettini Maria , De Turris Valeria , Salerno Debora , Garofalo Stefano , St‐Pierre Marie‐Kim , Carrier Micael , Renzi Massimiliano , Pagani Francesca , Modi Brijesh , Raspa Marcello , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Gross Cornelius T. , Marinelli Silvia , Tremblay Marie‐Ève , Caprioli Daniele , Maggi Laura , Limatola Cristina , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Ragozzino Davide 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroglia cells are active players in regulating synaptic development and plasticity in the brain. However, how they influence the normal functioning of synapses is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the effects of pharmacological microglia depletion, achieved by administration of PLX5622, on hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses of adult wild type mice. Following microglial depletion, we observed a reduction of spontaneous and evoked glutamatergic activity associated with a decrease of dendritic spine density. We also observed the appearance of immature synaptic features and higher levels of plasticity. Microglia depleted mice showed a deficit in the acquisition of the Novel Object Recognition task. These events were accompanied by hippocampal astrogliosis, although in the absence ofneuroinflammatory condition. PLX‐induced synaptic changes were absent in Cx3cr1−/− mice, highlighting the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in microglia control of synaptic functioning. Remarkably, microglia repopulation after PLX5622 withdrawal was associated with the recovery of hippocampal synapses and learning functions. Altogether, these data demonstrate that microglia contribute to normal synaptic functioning in the adult brain and that their removal induces reversible changes in organization and activity of glutamatergic synapses.
Deciphering the functional nano‐anatomy of the tripartite synapse using stimulated emission depletion microscopy
Authors: Arizono Misa , Nägerl U. Valentin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA major challenge for studying neuron‐astrocyte communication lies in visualizing the tripartite synapse, which is the physical site where astrocytic processes contact and interact with neuronal synapses. While conventional light microscopy cannot resolve the anatomical details of the tripartite synapse, electron microscopy only provides ultrastructural snapshots that tell us little about its living state and dynamics. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a super‐resolution fluorescence imaging technique that can provide live images of tripartite synapses with nanoscale spatial resolution. It is compatible with physiology experiments and imaging in the intact brain in vivo, opening up new opportunities to link the nanoscale structure of the tripartite system with functional readouts of neurons and astrocytes or even behavior. In this review, we first summarize the findings and insights from previous studies addressing the structure–function relationship of the tripartite synapse using conventional imaging techniques. We then explain the basic principle of STED microscopy and the main challenges facing its application to live‐tissue imaging of fine astrocytic processes. We summarize insights from our recent STED studies, which revealed new aspects of the structure and physiology of the tripartite synapse and the surrounding extracellular space. Finally, we discuss how the STED approach and other advanced optical techniques can illuminate the role of astrocytes for brain physiology and animal behavior.
Does age matter? Examining career commitment as a moderator in the relationship between age‐related HR/D practices and subjective career success for younger versus older academic staff
Authors: Van der Heijden Beatrice I. J. M. , Veld Monique , Heres Leonie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBuilding upon the job demands–resources framework and employing an interactionist perspective, the purpose of this scholarly work was to investigate the relationship between age‐related HR/D practices (being a contextual antecedent) and career commitment (being a personal antecedent), and the interaction between these two, on the one hand, and subjective career experiences, on the other hand. Moreover, elaborating on life‐span developmental theories and earlier empirical work on aging at work, this study also examined whether this relationship was moderated by age category (younger workers [<50 years] vs. their older counterparts [≥50 years]). An online self‐report questionnaire with thoroughly validated measures was distributed among academic staff employees (N = 139). The results partially supported the specific study assumptions. Concrete, age‐related HR/D practices add significantly to academics' subjective career success. Contradictory to our expectations, we could neither find a main effect of career commitment nor for its interaction with age‐related HR/D practices in the light of subjective career success. Results from the multigroup analyses indicate that, in reality, the above results may apply only to older academics (≥50 years). Possible explanations for this outcome are discussed. This study extends past career research by applying an interactionist perspective (context: age‐related HR/D practices; person: career commitment) approach for explaining subjectively experienced career success. The results of this scholarly work provide useful insights for protecting and further enhancing the sustainability of careers in academia, which is of upmost importance in nowadays' labor markets in this occupational sector.
Significance of Dufour and Soret effects on the non‐Darcy flow of Cross fluid by a tilted plate with radiation and chemical reaction: A Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Rao Darapuneni Purna Chandar , Thiagarajan Swaminathan , Srinivas Kumar Vajha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Darcy–Forchheimer flow model is substantial in the fields where a high flow rate effect is a common phenomenon, for instance, in petroleum engineering. In this paper, we aim to scrutinize the aspects of cross‐diffusion effects on the non‐Darcy flow of Cross fluid by a tilted plate with thermal radiation and chemical reaction. Metamorphosed equations are resolved with the combination of shooting and Runge–Kutta fourth‐order procedures. The correlation coefficient is used to discuss the impact of pertinent parameters on friction factor and transfer rates (heat and mass). The main findings of this study are that the Dufour number escalates fluid temperature and the Soret number ameliorates the fluid concentration. It is observed that the fluid velocity minifies with the elevation in the Forchheimer number. And also, it is perceived that the heat transfer rate has a generous positive relationship with the thermal relaxation parameter. Furthermore, validation of current results with the earlier results under specified conditions is performed and an adequate concord is seen.
Implications of Thermodynamic Control: Dynamic Equilibrium Under Ball Mill Grinding Conditions
Authors: Belenguer Ana M. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a powerful example of subtle dynamic equilibrium control under milling conditions using the base catalysed solid state disulfide exchange reaction between two homodimers (bis‐2‐nitrophenyldisulfide and bis‐4‐nitrophenyldisulfide) to produce the heterodimer (4‐nitrophenyl‐2‐nitrophenyl‐disulfide). Under ball mill neat grinding conditions, the equilibrium is reproducibly represented by homodimers and Form A of the heterodimer in a molar ratio of 1 to 4. The heterodimer crystallizes in two different polymorphic forms, Form A and Form B, which can be interconverted by changing the milling conditions between neat grinding and liquid assisted grinding with a number of solvents. Because such milling equilibria are reversible and dynamic in nature, we interpret these end points as existing in local thermodynamic wells. Moreover, homodimer bis‐2‐nitrophenyldisulfide also shows two polymorphs, Form I and Form II, depending on the milling conditions, further complicating the picture. Because of the nanocrystalline nature of these solid forms, we suggest that surface effects are responsible for the switch in polymorph stabilities in the milling jar.
Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update
Authors: Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Seckl Michael J. , Berkowitz Ross S. , Xiang Yang , Golfier François , Sekharan Paradan K. , Lurain John R. , Massuger Leon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arises from abnormal placenta and is composed of a spectrum of premalignant to malignant disorders. Changes in epidemiology of GTD have been noted in various countries. In addition to histology, molecular genetic studies can help in the diagnostic pathway. Earlier detection of molar pregnancy by ultrasound has resulted in changes in clinical presentation and decreased morbidity from uterine evacuation. Follow‐up with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for early diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The duration of hCG monitoring varies depending on histological type and regression rate. Low‐risk GTN (FIGO Stages I–III: score <7) is treated with single‐agent chemotherapy but may require additional agents; although scores 5–6 are associated with more drug resistance, overall survival approaches 100%. High‐risk GTN (FIGO Stages II–III: score ≥7 and Stage IV) is treated with multiagent chemotherapy, with or without adjuvant surgery for excision of resistant foci of disease or radiotherapy for brain metastases, achieving a survival rate of approximately 90%. Gentle induction chemotherapy helps reduce early deaths in patients with extensive tumor burden, but late mortality still occurs from recurrent treatment‐resistant tumors.
Worldwide initiatives to eliminate cervical cancer
Authors: Wilailak Sarikapan , Kengsakul Malika , Kehoe Sean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2020, more than 600 000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 342 000 women died worldwide. Without comprehensive control, rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality are expected to worsen. In 2020, the World Health Organization adopted the global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer to the threshold of four cases per 100 000 women within the 21st century, using a triple pillar intervention strategy comprising 90% of girls fully vaccinated by the age of 15 years, 70% of women screened by the age of 35 years and again by 45 years, and 90% of women with precancer treated and 90% of women with invasive cancer managed. In countries with high cervical cancer incidence, a tremendous effort will be needed to overcome the challenges. This article discusses the efforts in place to accelerate achievement of this ambitious goal.
Predictors of same‐day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy for benign indications
Authors: AlAshqar Abdelrahman , Wildey Brian , Yazdy Golsa , Goktepe Metin E. , Kilic Gokhan S. , Borahay Mostafa A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of same‐day discharge after benign minimally invasive hysterectomy.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we identified women (n = 1084) undergoing benign minimally invasive hysterectomy from 2009 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine demographic, operative, and surgeon factors associated with discharge on postoperative day 0.ResultsIn our study population, 238 women (22%) were discharged on the same day. Robotic hysterectomy (risk ratio [RR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–4.44), shorter operative time (lowest quartile; RR 5.28; 95% CI 2.66–10.46), and minimal blood loss (lowest quartile; RR 3.01; 95% CI 1.68–6.23) were associated with higher same‐day discharge likelihood whereas later procedure start time (2–5 pm; RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17–0.85) and postoperative complications (RR 0.19; 95% CI 0.06–0.55) significantly decreased its likelihood. The strongest predictor was surgeon's number of years in practice, with recently graduated surgeons more likely to discharge their patients on the same day (RR 3.15; 95% CI 2.09–4.77).ConclusionSame‐day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy is determined by several patient, operative, and surgeon factors that can be incorporated into an implementation plan to promote earlier discharge. Most especially, scheduling patients based on perceived case complexity and targeted surgeon education can qualify a larger cohort for same‐day discharge.
Experimental study on the discharge coefficient of triangular piano key weir*
Authors: Alizadeh Sanami Forough , Afshar Mohammad Hadi , Saneie Mojtaba 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to experimentally evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of a B‐type triangular piano key weir (PKW). Equations are proposed for estimating the discharge coefficient (Cd) of type B triangular PKW. Nine PKW models were tested, and the discharge coefficients were obtained. To determine the PKW efficiency, in each flow condition, the experiment was repeated for a linear weir having the same height as the PKW. In particular, the flow rate of the triangular PKW was up to three times higher than that of the linear weir. Studying the flow behaviour showed that the sloping triangular surface of the PKW helps with the quick transfer of flow from the channel bed, especially in the outside keys. In addition, increasing the dimensionless parameters h/Le and h/P reduces the discharge coefficient in the weir. Empirical equations are presented for the triangular PKW discharge coefficient. For the regression analysis, analysis of variance was performed to list the most important variables. Subsequently, by performing sensitivity analysis, the most important dimensionless parameter for estimating the discharge coefficient was obtained. The group method of data handling was applied to the data to achieve higher accuracy. Finally, uncertainty analysis was conducted using the asymmetric loss function.
Spatio‐temporal variability of reference crop evapotranspiration at different timescales in Sichuan Province, south‐west China*
Authors: Wu Jianfei , Kang Yinhong , Song Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming to analyse the variation of seasonal reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and show the impact of meteorological factors on ET0 across Sichuan Province, this study mainly discussed the variation of ET0 during the periods of 1967–2016 in three subregions of Sichuan Province with the Mann–Kendall test (MK), Morlet wavelet analysis and path analysis. Meanwhile, future ET0 trend variation characteristics at different timescales were evaluated by Hurst exponents based on the rescaled range analysis (R/S) method. The results indicated that over the past 50 years, annual ET0 had a decreasing trend with a rate of −0.64 mm per10 years, confirming the existence of an ‘evaporation paradox’. Through spatial analysis, the distribution of average annual ET0 exhibited a declining trend from south to north over the study region. On the seasonal scale, the highest values of ET0 in summer were distributed in the Sichuan central basin while the highest values in other seasons were in the south‐western mountain area. The Hurst exponents showed that the trends of annual and seasonal ET0 in the future are consistent with past ones in the whole region (H > 0.5). The annual ET0 showed the obvious periodic variation of 28 years in the study regions based on Morlet wavelet analysis. The decreases in ET0 were mostly attributed to the decline in sunshine hours. These findings can help water managers in better water planning and irrigation scheduling for local agricultural production.