bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Anion–π Interactions for Efficient and Selective Catalysis with Chiral Molecular Cages
Authors: Luo Na , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Qi‐Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExploiting anion–π interactions in catalyst design is a fascinating direction to develop new and fundamental catalysis. For the appealing yet flexible π‐face activation, can two or more π‐acidic surfaces be manipulated for cooperative activation to achieve efficient transformation and particularly selectivity control is highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate a supramolecular π‐catalysis strategy by establishing cooperative π‐face activation in a confined electron‐deficient cage cavity. The catalysts have a triazine based prism‐like cage core and pendant chiral base sites. Only 2 mol % of cage catalyst efficiently catalyzed the decarboxylate Mannich reactions of sulfamate‐headed cyclic aldimines and a series of malonic acid half thioesters in nearly quantitative yields and up to 97 % ee, enabling an unprecedent organocatalytic approach. The supramolecular π‐cavity is essential in harnessing cooperative anion–π interactions for the efficient activation and excellent selectivity control.
Keeping the balance: The noncoding RNA 7SK as a master regulator for neuron development and function
Authors: Briese Michael , Sendtner Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe noncoding RNA 7SK is a critical regulator of transcription by adjusting the activity of the kinase complex P‐TEFb. Release of P‐TEFb from 7SK stimulates transcription at many genes by promoting productive elongation. Conversely, P‐TEFb sequestration by 7SK inhibits transcription. Recent studies have shown that 7SK functions are particularly important for neuron development and maintenance and it can thus be hypothesized that 7SK is at the center of many signaling pathways contributing to neuron function. 7SK activates neuronal gene expression programs that are key for terminal differentiation of neurons. Proteomics studies revealed a complex protein interactome of 7SK that includes several RNA‐binding proteins. Some of these novel 7SK subcomplexes exert non‐canonical cytosolic functions in neurons by regulating axonal mRNA transport and fine‐tuning spliceosome production in response to transcription alterations. Thus, a picture emerges according to which 7SK acts as a multi‐functional RNA scaffold that is integral for neuron homeostasis.
Does air pollution change a firm's business strategy for employing capital and labor?
Authors: Liu Baohua , Wu Junfeng , Chan Kam C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of air pollution on a firm's capital‐labor ratio. We propose the hypothesis that, in dealing with air pollution, a firm responds strategically by using relatively more capital and less labor to contain labor costs and remain competitive in the market. Using a sample of Chinese firms and a satellite‐based air pollution metric, we test this hypothesis, and our results confirm it. In addition, we document that the impact of air pollution on the capital‐labor ratio is more salient for firms with high economic incentives and close monitoring. Further, we report that to respond to worsening air pollution, a firm uses more capital and substitutes lower‐quality labor with more high‐quality labor. Finally, after increasing the capital‐labor ratio, a firm's value increases, in terms of Tobin's Q, suggesting that the adoption of a higher capital‐labor ratio, due to air pollution, is a sound business strategy.
Sustainability and legitimacy theory: The case of sustainable social and environmental practices of small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Crossley Richard M. , Elmagrhi Mohamed H. , Ntim Collins G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to identify and gain insights into small and medium‐sized enterprises' (SMEs) rationales (why) for engaging in sustainable social and environmental practices (SEPs) that influence social and environmental policy and sustainability changes. Specifically, we depart from the predominately quantitative‐orientated SEPs literature by conducting in‐depth interviews and analysis of owners and managers of SMEs in the United Kingdom within a legitimacy theoretical framework. Our findings from a comprehensive number of interviewees show that SMEs employ a complex mix of both symbolic and substantive SEPs with the aim of enhancing the legitimacy and sustainability of their operations. The results emphasise the strengths of social engagement, reputation and image, environmental embeddedness, industry differentiation and education facilitators. In particular, the paper shows that legitimating strategies can have a dual purpose of being symbolic in nature but also inferring a substantive legitimacy claim. Evidence of SMEs maintaining their legitimacy position stretches further via either a moral and/or a pragmatic standpoint.
miR‐4443 targets TRIM14 to suppress metastasis and energy metabolism of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in vitro
Authors: Zuo Xiao‐ming , Sun Hai‐wen , Fang Hong , Wu Yun , Shi Qun , Yu Yi‐fan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTripartite motif‐containing protein 14 (TRIM14) is a tumor‐promoter in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We found that miR‐4443 expression was significantly downregulated in PTC tumor tissue, and was negatively associated with TRIM14. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between miR‐4443 and TRIM14 on metastasis and energy metabolism in PTC and the underlying mechanisms. To this end, human PTC cells (SW1736 and MZ‐CRC‐1) were transfected with a miR‐4443 mimic or miR‐4443 inhibitor + siRNA‐TRIM14, and then dual‐luciferase assay, Transwell, Seahorse, and western blot analyses were performed to assess the function of miR‐4443 and the underlying mechanism. We found that ectopic expression of miR‐4443 inhibited PTC cell migration, invasion, ATP production, and aerobic glycolysis, while inhibition of miR‐4443 had the opposite effect. miR‐4443 directly targeted TRIM14 and reduced both TRIM14 mRNA and protein levels. Silencing TRIM14 significantly reversed miR‐4443 inhibition‐induced PTC cell migration, invasion, ATP production, aerobic glycolysis, and phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3. These findings suggest that miR‐4443 is a tumor suppressor in PTC and inhibits metastasis and energy metabolism via the suppression of TRIM14 signaling.
3D Carbon Electrode with Hierarchical Nanostructure Based on NiCoP Core‐Layered Double Hydroxide Shell for Supercapacitors and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Duan Cunpeng , Wang Lili , Liu Jianping , Qu Yuning , Gao Jian , Yang Yuying , Wang Bing , Li Jiahui , Zheng Linlin , Li Mengzhu , Yin Zhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrently, the development of self‐supported and low‐cost earth‐abundant electrocatalysts with well‐defined nanostructure has shown significant potential in energy‐related storage and electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) self‐supporting electrode NiCoP@NiCo LDH/CC (NCP@NCH/CC) constructed with NCP@NCH core‐shell nanostructures and carbon cloth as substrate has been developed via the hydrothermal and subsequent electrodeposition process. The obtained 3D electrode with 1D NiCoP nanowires (NWs) core and 2D NiCo LDH nanosheets shell can exhibit superior electrochemical performance and remarkable stability for the pseudocapacitive reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), even comparable to the best reported transition metal phosphides (TMP) electrodes. It reveals an ultra‐high area specific capacitance (9.4 F/cm2 at 10 mA/cm2 in 3 M KOH electrolyte), outstanding capacitance retention (74.12 % from 10 to 60 mA/cm2) and excellent cycling stability (93.51 % of original capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles at 50 mA/cm2) as supercapacitor electrode material. For HER in alkaline media, it can demonstrate an overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of 82 mV/dec in 1 M KOH. For HER in acidic electrolyte, it can exhibit an overpotential of 141 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of 82 mV/dec in 0.5 M H2SO4. The electrochemical performance enhancement can be ascribed to the core‐shell NiCoP@NiCo LDH nanostructure anchored on the carbon and synergistic effect with the carbon cloth in 3D electrode. Our present work provides a facile strategy to construct 3D TMP‐based carbon electrode with core‐shell nanostructures, demonstrating a great promise for storage processes and energy conversion.
Sophaloseedlines A—G: Diverse Matrine‐Based Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides with Potential Anti‐Hepatitis B Virus Activities
Authors: Luo Ding , Wu Zhong‐Nan , Zhang Ji‐Hui , Lin Qiang , Chen Neng‐Hua , Chen Si , Tang Qing , Zhan Zhao‐Chun , Fan Chun‐Lin , Li Yao‐Lan , Wang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Yu‐Bo 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionSophaloseedlines A—G (1—7), seven new matrine‐based alkaloids along with two known analogues, were isolated from the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides. The new structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X‐ray crystallography. Notably, sophaloseedline A (1) represents a novel rearranged 6(5→17)‐abeo‐matrine alkaloid featuring unprecedented highly constructed 7/6/5/6 tetracyclic fused ring skeleton. The hypothetical biosynthetic pathways for sophaloseedlines A—F were proposed based on co‐existing precursors. Additionally, all the isolated alkaloids were screened for their antiviral activities against hepatitis B virus, and new alkaloids 1 and 2 displayed more potent activities than those of matrine (a parent alkaloid of title plant) and positive control (lamivudine).
Tongue conservation treatment for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with induction chemotherapy, surgery, and risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy: A phase II trial
Authors: Lee Tsung‐Lun , Wei Pei‐Yin , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Chang Peter Mu‐Hsin , Wang Ling‐Wei , Tai Shyh‐Kuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the feasibility of tongue conservation treatment with induction chemotherapy (ICT), tongue conservation surgery, and risk‐adapted postoperative adjuvant therapy in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed OTSCC cT2‐4 N0‐2 M0 were recruited. The ICT with a regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and oral tegafur/uracil (DCU) was administrated every 21 days. After the first cycle of ICT (DCU1), patients with a more than 30% decrease in the longest diameter of primary tumor underwent a second cycle of ICT (DCU2). Tongue conservation surgery was performed after ICT, and risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy was organized based on pathological features.ResultsFrom July 2011 to December 2015, a total of 23 patients were enrolled, 87% of whom were classified as stage III–IV. Clinical responders to DCU1 and DCU2 were determined in 90.5% (19/21) and 88.2% (15/17) of patients. Tongue conservation surgery was performed in 16 responders to ICT. Only one patient had a positive margin (6.3%), and a complete pathologic response was achieved in eight patients (50%). Only one patient developed local recurrence after a median follow‐up of 58.6 months (range, 7.9–105.2). The 5‐year overall survival (0% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.001) and disease‐specific survival (0% vs. 93.3%, P = 0.000) were significantly different between the DCU1 nonresponders and responders.ConclusionTongue conservation treatment with ICT, followed by conservation surgery and risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy, is feasible for patients with OTSCC who are good responders to ICT. However, the outcomes of nonresponders are dismal. Further study in a larger patient population is warranted.
A novel handwritten Turkish letter recognition model based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha , Erdogmus Pakize 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks have provided state‐of‐the‐art solutions for many subfields of computer vision. While there exist many studies in the literature for several languages, studies for handwritten Turkish character recognition lack in the research field. To this end, we propose a novel handwritten Turkish letter recognition model based on a convolutional neural network. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there do not exist any publicly available handwritten Turkish letters datasets, we constructed a handwritten Turkish letters dataset that consists of 25,875 samples. To compare the performance of the proposed model with the related work, three state‐of‐the‐art models, namely, VGG19, InceptionV3, and Xception, were utilized through the transfer learning technique. When these models were evaluated on the handwritten Turkish letter dataset, the proposed model's accuracy was calculated as high as 96.07% which was higher than the benchmark models. To measure the generalization ability of the proposed model, it was evaluated on a gold standard dataset, namely, EMNIST, and has achieved an accuracy of 80.54% which was higher than the benchmark models. Finally, the proposed model was trained and evaluated on the EMNIST dataset and it has achieved an accuracy of 94.61% which outperformed the related work.
Revealing the Multi‐Electron Reaction Mechanism of Na3V2O2(PO4)2F Towards Improved Lithium Storage
Authors: Yin Yameng , Pei Cunyuan , Liao Xiaobin , Xiong Fangyu , Yang Wei , Xiao Biaobiao , Zhao Yan , Ren Zijie , Xu Longhua , An Qinyou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNa3V2O2(PO4)2F (NVOPF) as an attractive electrode material has received much attention based on the one‐electron reaction of V4+/V5+. However, the electrochemical reactions involving lower vanadium valences were not investigated till now. Herein, a composite of graphene decorated nanosheet‐assembled NVOPF microflowers (NVOPF/G) was synthesized and the multi‐electron reaction of NVOPF/G was conducted by controlling the operation voltage windows. The reaction mechanism, structural changes, and vanadium valences during the insertion/extraction of Li ions (from 2 to 6) were elucidated clearly by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Theoretical computations also revealed the Li‐ion locations in the structure of NaV2O2(PO4)2F. Due to the additional redox couple of V3+/V4+, NVOPF/G displayed a much higher initial capacity of 183.3 mAh g−1 in the wider voltage window of 1.0–4.8 V than that of 2.5–4.8 V (129.3 mAh g−1). Moreover, excellent Li‐storage performance of NVOPF/G at a lower voltage (≤2.5 V) with the active reaction of V2+/V3+/V4+ was obtained for the first time, demonstrating the high potential of NVOPF/G as an anode material for Li ion storage.
Modelling the relationship between continuously measured glucose and electrocardiographic data in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Charamba Beatrice , Liew Aaron , Coen Eileen , Newell John , O’Brien Timothy , Wijns William , Simpkin Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with earlier onset of cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence has found hyperglycaemia appears to play a greater role in this association among T1DM compared to T2DM. This study investigates the relationship between glucose and QTc (a key cardiovascular measure) using data from continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and glucose monitors.MethodsSeventeen adults with T1DM were recruited at a clinical facility in Ireland. A continuous glucose monitoring system was fitted to each participant that measured glucose every 5 min for 7 days. The participants simultaneously wore a vest with sensors to measure 12‐lead ECG data every 10 min for 7 days. Area under the glucose curve (AUC), proportion of time spent in hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, and mean daily absolute deviation of glucose were calculated. Mixed effects ANOVA and functional regression models were fitted to the data to investigate the aggregate and time‐dependent association between glucose and QTc.ResultsAll participants were male with an average age of 52.5 (SD 3.8) years. Those with neuropathy had a significantly higher mean QTc compared to their counterparts. Mean QTc was significantly longer during hyperglycaemia. There was a significant positive association between QTc and time spent in hyperglycaemia. A negative association was found between QTc and time spent in hypoglycaemia. A functional model suggested a positive relationship between glucose and QTc at several times during the 7‐day follow‐up.ConclusionThis study used sensor technology to investigate, with high granularity, the temporal relationship between glucose and ECG data over one week. QTc was found to be longer on average during hyperglycaemia.
Proteomic profiling for detection of early‐stage heart failure in the community
Authors: Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Sabovčik František , Magnus Alessio , Haddad Francois , Kuznetsova Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsBiomarkers may provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying heart remodelling and dysfunction. Using a targeted proteomic approach, we aimed to identify circulating biomarkers associated with early stages of heart failure.Methods and resultsA total of 575 community‐based participants (mean age, 57 years; 51.7% women) underwent echocardiography and proteomic profiling (CVD II panel, Olink Proteomics). We applied partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and a machine learning algorithm [eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)] to identify key proteins associated with echocardiographic abnormalities. We used Gaussian mixture modelling for unbiased clustering to construct phenogroups based on influential proteins in PLS‐DA and XGBoost. Of 87 proteins, 13 were important in PLS‐DA and XGBoost modelling for detection of left ventricular remodelling, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and/or left atrial reservoir dysfunction: placental growth factor, kidney injury molecule‐1, prostasin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, galectin‐9, cathepsin L1, matrix metalloproteinase‐7, tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily members 10A, 10B, and 11A, interleukins 6 and 16, and α1‐microglobulin/bikunin precursor. Based on these proteins, the clustering algorithm divided the cohort into two distinct phenogroups, with each cluster grouping individuals with a similar protein profile. Participants belonging to the second cluster (n = 118) were characterized by an unfavourable cardiovascular risk profile and adverse cardiac structure and function. The adjusted risk of presenting echocardiographic abnormalities was higher in this phenogroup than in the other (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe identified proteins related to renal function, extracellular matrix remodelling, angiogenesis, and inflammation to be associated with echocardiographic signs of early‐stage heart failure. Proteomic phenomapping discriminated individuals at high risk for cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of dystrophin‐associated dilated cardiomyopathy without severe skeletal myopathy
Authors: Restrepo‐Cordoba Maria A. , Wahbi Karim , Florian Anca R. , Jiménez‐Jáimez Juan , Politano Luisa , Arad Michael , Climent‐Paya Vicente , Garcia‐Alvarez Ana , Hansen Rasmus B. , Larrañaga‐Moreira José M. , Kubanek Milos , Lopes Luis R. , Ros Andrea , Jurcut Ruxandra , Rasmussen Torsten B. , Ruiz‐Guerrero Luis , Pribe‐Wolferts Regina , Palomino‐Doza Julian , Bilinska Zofia , Rodríguez‐Palomares José F. , Van Loon Rosa L.E. , Basurte Elorz María Teresa , Quarta Giovanni , Robledo Iñarritu Maria , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Stojkovic Tanya , Shomanova Zornitsa , Bermudez‐Jimenez Francisco , Palladino Alberto , Freimark Dov , García‐Álvarez Maria I. , Jorda Paloma , Dominguez Fernando , Ochoa Juan Pablo , Girolami Francesca , Brugada Ramon , Meder Benjamin , Barriales‐Villa Roberto , Mogensen Jens , Laforêt Pascal , Yilmaz Ali , Elliott Perry , Garcia‐Pavia Pablo ,   for the European Genetic Cardiomyopathies Initiative Investigators (see online supplementary Appendix S1)
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with dystrophin gene (DMD) mutations in individuals with mild or absent skeletal myopathy is often indistinguishable from other DCM forms. We sought to describe the phenotype and prognosis of DMD associated DCM in DMD mutation carriers without severe skeletal myopathy.Methods and resultsAt 26 European centres, we retrospectively collected clinical characteristics and outcomes of 223 DMD mutation carriers (83% male, 33 ± 15 years). A total of 112 individuals (52%) had DCM at first evaluation [n = 85; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 34 ± 11.2%] or developed DCM (n = 27; LVEF 41.3 ± 7.5%) after a median follow‐up of 96 months (interquartile range 5–311 months). DCM penetrance was 45% in carriers older than 40 years. DCM appeared earlier in males and was independent of the type of mutation, presence of skeletal myopathy, or elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred in 22% individuals with DCM, 18% developed end‐stage heart failure and 9% sudden cardiac death or equivalent. Skeletal myopathy was not associated with survival free of MACE in patients with DCM. Decreased LVEF and increased left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter at baseline were associated with MACE. Individuals without DCM had favourable prognosis without MACE or death during follow‐up.ConclusionsDMD‐associated DCM without severe skeletal myopathy is characterized by incomplete penetrance but high risk of MACE, including progression to end‐stage heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. DCM onset is the major determinant of prognosis with similar survival regardless of the presence of skeletal myopathy.
Natural history and prognostic significance of iron deficiency and anaemia in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Graham Fraser J. , Masini Gabriele , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Cleland John G.F. , Greenlaw Nicola , Friday Jocelyn , Kazmi Syed , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsIron deficiency (ID) and anaemia are common in heart failure; less is known about changes over time.Methods and resultsWe investigated prevalence, incidence and resolution of ID and anaemia in 906 patients with chronic heart failure (median age 73 (65–79) years, 70% men, 51% with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) 1 year apart. ID was defined as serum iron ≤13 µmol/L and anaemia as haemoglobin <13.0 g/dL for men or <12.0 g/dL for women. FAIR‐HF criteria for ID were also considered. At baseline, 10% had anaemia without ID, 23% had ID without anaemia, 20% had both, and 47% had neither. Percentages changed little over 1 year, but 157 (30%) patients had new‐onset ID, 104 (16%) new‐onset anaemia, whilst ID resolved in 173 (44%) and anaemia in 63 (23%). Compared to those who remained iron replete (iron >13 µmol/L), mortality was higher in those with persistent or incident ID at 1 year [hazard ratio (HR) 1.81 (1.23–2.67), and HR 1.40 (0.91–2.14), respectively] in multivariable models (P = 0.02). Compared to persistent ID, resolution of ID was associated with a lower mortality [HR 0.61 (0.44–0.86); P = 0.004]. Changes in ID defined by FAIR‐HF criteria were not similarly associated with mortality. Anaemia was associated with a poor outcome even if it resolved.ConclusionsThe prevalence and incidence of ID and anaemia are high in chronic heart failure but so is the rate of resolution. Persistent or incident ID, defined by a serum iron ≤13 µmol/L, is associated with higher mortality and resolution of ID with lower mortality.