bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of Positive Lymph Nodes Is Superior to LNR and LODDS for Predicting the Prognosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Gao Bingqiang , Zhou Dongkai , Qian Xiaohui , Jiang Yuancong , Liu Zhenghao , Zhang Wang , Wang Weilin 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) based on the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) is the most widely accepted nodal staging system. New nodal staging schemes that take both the number of PLNs and the number of examined lymph nodes into consideration have emerged as useful prognostic tools. The aim of the current study was to determine the most effective nodal staging system, among the 8th edition AJCC N staging (or PLN staging), lymph node ratio (LNR), and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS), for predicting the cause-specific survival of patients with PanNENs.MethodsThe clinicopathological and prognostic data of 2,295 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, diagnosed with PanNENs between 1988 and 2015, were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsA multivariate analysis identified PLN and LNR staging as independent prognostic factors, but not LODDS. The PLN staging exhibited higher C-index and area under the curve values than those of the LNR and LODDS, indicating better predictive discriminatory capacity. No significant difference in the survival of patients was observed within the same PLN staging subgroup according to the number (high or low) of examined lymph nodes. In contrast, intra-group heterogeneity was seen with use of LNR and LODDS staging, due to overestimation of the risk of insufficient examined lymph nodes, and LODDS failed to stratify patients without lymph nodes metastasis into different risk groups.ConclusionsThe PLN staging is more reliable than LNR and LODDS staging for predicting the cause-specific survival of PanNENs.
A Pilot Study of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT or PET/MRI and Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy for Intra-Prostatic PET-Positive Lesions
Authors: Liu Yachao , Yu Hongkai , Liu Jiajin , Zhang Xiaojun , Lin Mu , Schmidt Holger , Gao Jiangping , Xu Baixuan 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) based 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT-ultrasound (PET/CT-US) or PET/MRI-ultrasound (PET/MRI-US) fusion targeted biopsy for intra-prostatic PET-positive lesions.MethodsFrom April 2018 to November 2019, we prospectively enrolled 55 candidates to perform PET/CT-US or PET/MRI-US fusion targeted biopsies for solitary PET-positive prostate lesions (two to four cores/lesion). The positive rates of prostate cancer based on patients and biopsy cores were calculated respectively. With reference to the pathological results of biopsy cores, the MR signal characteristics in the area of the PET-positive lesion were analyzed for the patients who underwent PET/MRI.ResultsA total of 178 biopsy cores were taken on the 55 patients. One hundred forty-six biopsy cores (82.0%, 146/178) from 51 (92.7%, 51/55) patients were positive for prostate cancer; 47 (85.5%, 47/55) were clinically significant prostate cancer. It is noteworthy that nine patients underwent both 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT and PET/MRI examinations; the seven patients with prostate cancer showed abnormal MR signal in the area of the PET-positive lesion while the other two patients with prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis showed normal MR signal in the area of the PET-positive lesion.ConclusionThis study indicated that 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT-US or PET/MRI-US fusion targeted prostate biopsies may be valuable for prostate cancer diagnosis and have a high detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer for PET-positive lesions. PET/MR can rule out some false PET-positive lesions, which may potentially reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Latina Muslim Producers of Online and Literary Countermedia
Authors: Avivi Yamil 
Published: March 2021

Since 9/11, US English and Spanish language media have reported on the rise in Latino/a conversion to Islam. Western(ized) media images I examined for this essay about Latinas converting to Islam raise suspicions overpossible forced conversions, brainwashing, or abuse. What is evident and salient in these media portrayals, whether deliberately or unintentionally created, are the binaries (Western vs. non-Western, Christian vs. Muslim, and Arab vs. Latino) that limit understandings of how these women are self-empowered and make choices for themselves in their everyday lives as Latina Muslim converts. In effect, Western imperial ideologies and discourses in these media portrayals reinforce and normalize rigid state identitarian notions of Christian/Catholic Latinas living in Union City, New Jersey, a traditionally Catholic/Christian-majority and urban Cuban-majority/Latino immigrant enclave since the 1940s-1950s. Now more alarming is this post-9/11 moment when “the Latino American Dawah Organization (LADO) estimated that Latina women outnumbered their male counterparts and reached 60 per cent,” as part of a changing religious and ethnic demographic that includes Muslim Arab and South Asian populations amidst Latino/a populations. In my research, it soon became evident that a variety of media sources perceived Union City as a prime site of Latino/a Muslim conversion post-9/11. This essay offers a specific look at the way newsmedia has portrayed Latina Muslims in Union City and how the cultural productions of these women challenge simplistic and Islamophobic views of Latinas who have converted to Islam post-9/11.
To download full review, click on PDF.
HUBUNGAN BREASTFEEDING DENGAN INVOLUSI UTERUS PADA IBU NIFAS 0-7 HARI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANJUNGANOM KABUPATEN NGANJUK TAHUN 2017
Authors: Widyawaty Eka Deviany 
Published: March 2021

Breastfeeding atau menyusui sangat penting bagi kesehatan ibu, hal ini akan mempengaruhi proses involusi rahim. Kurangnya frekuensi breastfeeding menjadi salah satu penyebab perdarahan post partum karena dengan breastfeeding dapat merangsang hormon oksitosin sehingga kontraksi rahim bisa bekerja optimal dan rahim bisa kembali seperti sebelum hamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan breastfeeding dengan involusi uterus pada ibu post partum 0-7 hari di Puskesmas Tanjunganom Kabupaten Nganjuk tahun 2017.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi adalah ibu post partum 0-7 hari di Puskesmas Tanjunganom Kabupaten Nganjuk tahun 2017. Sampling dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling sebanyak 33 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi. Variabel bebasnya adalah breastfeeding, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah involusi uterus pada ibu post partum 0-7 hari. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan taraf signifikan ɑ = 0,05.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu post partum 0-7 hari yang menyusui sejumlah 25 responden (75,8%) dan yang tidak menyusui sejumlah 8 responden (24,4%). Ibu post partum dengan involusi uteri sesuai sejumlah 27 responden (81,8%), sedangkan ibu post partum dengan involusi uteri tidak sesuai sejumlah 6 responden (18,2%). Dari hasil analisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square diperoleh hasil p - value = 0,001, dengan ɑ = 0,05.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh breastfeeding dengan involusi uteri. Diharapkan ibu post partum selalu menjaga kesehatan dengan melakukan kontrol ulang pada petugas kesehatan, dan lebih aktif dalam mencari informasi kesehatan terutama mengenai pentingnya menyusui.
Teknik Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah: PPM Bagi Guru PKn di Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Suyono  , Dwi Retnani Srinarwati  , I Wayan Arsana  , Bernadetta Budi Lestari  , I Made Arsana  
Published: March 2021

Pendidik Profesional tidak hanya melakukan kegiatannya sebagai pengajar yang baik tetapi juga dengan kompetensi yang professional. Diperlihatkan dengan peningkatan peran yang profesinal dalam penulisan karya ilmiah. Pengabdian pada masyarakat dengan mitra Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bekerjasama dengan mitra para pendidik PPKn se-Kota dan Kabupaten Probolinggo dengan tujuan untuk melatih para Pendidik menulis karya ilmiah dengan bagus, bersamaan dengn mempublikasikan karya tulisnya. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dalam bentuk kegiatan pelatihan, pangajaran , tanya jawab, diskusi dan praktek menulis karya ilmiah dengan bagus. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah terlaksananya pelatihan karya tulis ilmiah untuk pendidik PPKn se-Kota dan Kabupaten Probolinggo ini sejalan dengan langkah-langkah yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya. Keefektifan pelatihan ini diukur dengan angket keefektifan dan jumlah guru yang mampu membuat karya tulis ilmiah.
Factores de riesgo para obesidad en población femenina del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Herrera Blas Bertha , Ruíz Blas Saraí , Zapién Martínez Arturo , Sánchez Cruz Gabriel , Bernardino Hernández Héctor U 
Published: March 2021

Justificación y objetivo: la identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad contribuye a implementar estrategias para la modificación de conductas y estilos de vida saludables. En la región del Istmo de Oaxaca, México, no hay registros sobre dicho fenómeno. El presente estudio determina los niveles de obesidad y su relación con factores de riesgo entre la población femenina residente en las localidades de Santa María Xadani y Juchitán de Zaragoza.
Métodos: a través de un estudio transversal, se encuestó a 355 mujeres para documentar información sociodemográfica, antecedentes de salud, hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio. Mediante una exploración física se midió la masa corporal y altura para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal, y así se estableció el nivel de obesidad de acuerdo con la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-043-SSA2-2012. La información se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y regresión logística.
Resultados: el 38,6 % de las mujeres presentaba sobrepeso y en el 39,2 % se encontró en algún nivel de obesidad. Los factores de riesgo encontrados fueron la procedencia rural, el hábito de cenar, los antecedentes familiares de enfermedades crónico - degenerativas y el sedentarismo, que representaron un riesgo de 1,6; 1,6; 1,8 y 1,9 veces más a desarrollar algún nivel de obesidad, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre las mujeres fue alta (77,8 %). Se identificaron cuatro factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de obesidad. Es necesario implementar estrategias integrales de atención a la problemática en la población estudiada, en particular, en la infantil.
Descriptores: obesidad, sobrepeso, factores de riesgo, mujeres.
Screening Tools for Chronic Post-Surgical Pain
Authors: Wells Charlotte , McCormack Suzanne 
Published: March 2021

Potentially relevant risk factors for the development of chronic post-surgical pain include genetics, pre-surgical pain (presence and severity), mental health, surgical techniques, type of surgery, and sex.
Tools to assess these factors may be useful for identifying patients at a higher risk of developing chronic pain post-surgery.
No relevant publications were identified demonstrating a benefit of using tools to assess the risk of chronic post-surgical pain development and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, no conclusions regarding clinical utility can be provided.
Seasonal patterns of atmospheric mercury in tropical South America as inferred by a continuous total gaseous mercury record at Chacaltaya station (5240 m) in Bolivia
Authors: Koenig Alkuin Maximilian , Magand Olivier , Laj Paolo , Andrade Marcos , Moreno Isabel , Velarde Fernando , Salvatierra Grover , Gutierrez René , Blacutt Luis , Aliaga Diego , Reichler Thomas , Sellegri Karine , Laurent Olivier , Ramonet Michel , Dommergue Aurélien 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. High-quality atmospheric mercury (Hg) data are rare for South America,
especially for its tropical region. As a consequence, mercury dynamics are still
highly uncertain in this region. This is a significant deficiency, as South America
appears to play a major role in the global budget of this toxic pollutant.
To address this issue, we performed nearly 2 years (July 2014–February 2016) of continuous high-resolution total gaseous mercury (TGM) measurements
at the Chacaltaya (CHC) mountain site in the Bolivian Andes, which is
subject to a diverse mix of air masses coming predominantly from the
Altiplano and the Amazon rainforest. For the first 11 months of
measurements, we obtained a mean TGM concentration of 0.89±0.01 ng m−3, which is in good agreement with the sparse amount of data available from
the continent. For the remaining 9 months, we obtained a significantly
higher TGM concentration of 1.34±0.01 ng m−3, a difference which
we tentatively attribute to the strong El Niño event of 2015–2016.
Based on HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) back trajectories and clustering techniques, we show that
lower mean TGM concentrations were linked to either westerly Altiplanic air
masses or those originating from the lowlands to the southeast of CHC.
Elevated TGM concentrations were related to northerly air masses of
Amazonian or southerly air masses of Altiplanic origin, with the former possibly
linked to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), whereas the latter
might be explained by volcanic activity. We observed a marked seasonal
pattern, with low TGM concentrations in the dry season (austral winter),
rising concentrations during the biomass burning (BB) season, and the highest
concentrations at the beginning of the wet season (austral summer). With the
help of simultaneously sampled equivalent black carbon (eBC) and carbon
monoxide (CO) data, we use the clearly BB-influenced signal during the BB season
(August to October) to derive a mean TGM / CO emission ratio of (2.3±0.6)×10-7 ppbvTGM ppbvCO-1, which could be used to
constrain South American BB emissions. Through the link with CO2 measured in situ and remotely sensed solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) as
proxies for vegetation activity, we detect signs of a vegetation sink effect
in Amazonian air masses and derive a “best guess” TGM / CO2 uptake ratio of 0.058 ±0.017 (ng m−3)TGM ppmCO2-1. Finally, significantly
higher Hg concentrations in western Altiplanic air masses during the wet
season compared with the dry season point towards the modulation of
atmospheric Hg by the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Evaluation of the interactive stratospheric ozone (O3v2) module in the E3SM version 1 Earth system model
Authors: Tang Qi , Prather Michael J. , Hsu Juno , Ruiz Daniel J. , Cameron-Smith Philip J. , Xie Shaocheng , Golaz Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone affects climate directly as the
predominant heat source in the stratosphere and indirectly through chemical
reactions controlling other greenhouse gases. The U.S. Department of
Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) implemented a
new ozone chemistry module that improves the simulation of the sharp
tropopause gradients, replacing a version based partly on long-term average
climatologies that poorly represented heating rates in the lowermost
stratosphere. The new O3v2 module extends seamlessly into the troposphere
and preserves the naturally sharp cross-tropopause gradient, with 20 %–40 %
less ozone in this region. Additionally, O3v2 enables the diagnosis of
stratosphere–troposphere exchange flux of ozone, a key budget term lacking
in E3SMv1. Here, we evaluate key features in ozone abundance and other
closely related quantities in atmosphere-only E3SMv1 simulations driven by
observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs, years 1990–2014), comparing them with
satellite observations of ozone and also with the University of California,
Irvine chemistry transport model (UCI CTM) using the same stratospheric
chemistry scheme but driven by European Centre forecast fields for the same
period. In terms of stratospheric column ozone, O3v2 shows reduced mean bias
and improved northern midlatitude variability, but it is not quite as good as the
UCI CTM. As expected, SST-forced E3SMv1 simulations cannot synchronize with
observed quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs), but they do show the typical
QBO pattern seen in column ozone. This new O3v2 E3SMv1 model mostly retains
the same climate state and climate sensitivity as the previous version, and
we recommend its use for other climate models that still use ozone
climatologies.
Nanomedicine‐Boosting Tumor Immunogenicity for Enhanced Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Jing , Yang Bin , Peng Yuan , Huang Jinsheng , Wong Siu Hong Dexter , Bian Liming , Zhu Kangshun , Shuai Xintao , Han Shisong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy has revolutionized oncology remarkably and gained great improvements in cancer therapy. However, tumor immunotherapy still encounters serious challenges, especially certain tumors barely respond to immunotherapy. The lack of immunogenicity and subsequent insufficient antitumor immune activation is a pivotal reason. Here, a general introduction and the strengthening strategies of immunogenicity of a tumor for enhanced immunotherapy are reviewed. Specifically, nanotechnology nowadays is playing important roles in increasing the antitumor efficacy of various treatments, including immunotherapy. This review highlights how nanomedicines integrating one or more anticancer therapeutic methods (e.g., cancer vaccines, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy) to increase the tumor immunogenicity for rousing T cell related immune responses and achieving inspiring antitumor efficacy. Given the sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms, rational designed nanodrugs with combinational formulations are summarized to improve therapeutic efficacy in synergistic ways. Nanoplatforms taking advantage of the distinct features of tumor tissue or tumor cell with stimuli‐responsiveness and targeting functions are introduced to accelerate tumor accumulation of drugs successfully and greatly promote therapeutic efficacy with low‐dose administration and programmed drug release. Finally, the related challenges and personal perspectives of nanomedicines for tumor immunotherapy are concluded.
An automated assay for salivary amylase: A validity marker for oral fluid
Authors: Chauncey Sandye , Hobbs Gregory A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOral fluid is a matrix well suited to use in teletherapy. However, in cases where direct observation is not possible, validity of the specimen is in question. We have adapted a commercial salivary amylase assay for use with the Quantisal™ oral fluid collection system. We have demonstrated acceptable analytical performance and determined a cutoff to distinguish valid from invalid oral fluid specimens. We determined that washing a donor's mouth with water was unlikely to a produce a falsely invalid result if the normal 10 min passes between drinking or eating and oral fluid collection. We conclude that the measurement of salivary amylase is useful for the determination of oral fluid specimen validity in cases where direct observation of the specimen collection is not possible. This feature would be most important in a teletherapy setting, which often does not include a video component. This study describes how an assay for salivary amylase may be used to establish possible substitution. This assay does not rule out adulteration.
Fertile Crescent crop progenitors gained a competitive advantage from large seedlings
Authors: Preece Catherine , Jones Glynis , Rees Mark , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Cereal domestication during the transition to agriculture resulted in widespread food production, but why only certain species were domesticated remains unknown. We tested whether seedlings of crop progenitors share functional traits that could give them a competitive advantage within anthropogenic environments, including higher germination, greater seedling survival, faster growth rates, and greater competitive ability.

Fifteen wild grass species from the Fertile Crescent were grown individually under controlled conditions to evaluate differences in growth between cereal crop progenitors and other wild species that were never domesticated. Differences in germination, seedling survival, and competitive ability were measured by growing a subset of these species as monocultures and mixtures.

Crop progenitors had greater germination success, germinated more quickly and had greater aboveground biomass when grown in competition with other species. There was no evidence of a difference in seedling survival, but seed size was positively correlated with a number of traits, including net assimilation rates, greater germination success, and faster germination under competition. In mixtures, the positive effect of seed mass on germination success and speed of germination was even more beneficial for crop progenitors than for other wild species, suggesting greater fitness. Thus, selection for larger seeded individuals under competition may have been stronger in the crop progenitors.

The strong competitive ability of Fertile Crescent cereal crop progenitors, linked to their larger seedling size, represents an important ecological difference between these species and other wild grasses in the region. It is consistent with the hypothesis that competition within plant communities surrounding human settlements, or under early cultivation, benefited progenitor species, favoring their success as crops.
Efficacy of corticosteroid in patients with COVID‐19: A multi‐center retrospective study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhan Yuan , Shang Jin , Gu Yiya , Huang Qian , Xie Jungang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with different levels of disease severity. In our multicenter study, 543 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were classified as non‐severe group and severe group, and then were compared respectively for all‐cause mortality and length of hospital stay between those who received corticosteroids and not. By searching in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI, we identified 13 retrospective studies and 6 random control trials eligible for criteria of inclusion, and conducted comprehensive meta‐analyses assessing the impacts of corticosteroids on mortality, length of stay, duration of RNA clearance and duration of fever. Our multicenter study demonstrated that low‐dose corticosteroids can reduce mortality in the multivariable Cox regression analysis for severe patients (p = .03), while presented no influence in univariable analysis for non‐severe patients (p = .14). From multivariable analyses, patients with corticosteroids in non‐severe group had longer duration of hospitalization (p = .003), but did not in severe group (p = .18). Moreover, for severe patients, corticosteroids can evidently shorten duration of fever. The same results were summarized in the meta‐analyses supplemented with the result that corticosteroids delayed viral clearing in non‐severe patients. Corticosteroids should be considered based on patient's condition. For patients with non‐severe COVID‐19, corticosteroid was not recommended as a routine therapeutic initiative as that presented prolonged duration of hospitalization and delayed viral clearing, as well as no positive impact on prognosis. While low‐dose corticosteroids may benefit patients with severe COVID‐19 for it can manifestly lower risk of death and improve the clinical status to some extent.