bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetry enhancement of heterotic horizons
Authors: Farotti D , Gutowski J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The supersymmetry of near-horizon geometries in heterotic supergravity is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition for a solution to preserve more than the minimal N = 2 supersymmetry is obtained. A supersymmetric near-horizon solution is constructed which is a U(1) fibration of AdS
3 over a particular Aloff–Wallach space. It is proven that this solution preserves the conditions required for N = 2 supersymmetry, but does not satisfy the necessary condition required for further supersymmetry enhancement. Hence, there exist supersymmetric near-horizon heterotic solutions preserving exactly N = 2 supersymmetry.
On stochastic Kaczmarz type methods for solving large scale systems of ill-posed equations
Authors: Rabelo J C , Saporito Y F , Leitão A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article we investigate a family of stochastic gradient type methods for solving systems of linear ill-posed equations. The method under consideration is a stochastic version of the projective Landweber–Kaczmarz method in Leitão and Svaiter (2016 Inverse Problems
32 025004) (see also Leitão and Svaiter (2018 Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim.
39 1153–80)). In the case of exact data, mean square convergence to zero of the iteration error is proven. In the noisy data case, we couple our method with an a priori stopping rule and characterize it as a regularization method for solving systems of linear ill-posed operator equations. Numerical tests are presented for two linear ill-posed problems: (i) a Hilbert matrix type system with over 108 equations; (ii) a big data linear regression problem with real data. The obtained results indicate superior performance of the proposed method when compared with other well-established random iterations. Our preliminary investigation indicates that the proposed iteration is a promising alternative for computing stable approximate solutions of large scale systems of linear ill-posed equations.
Picoliter liquid handling at gas/liquid interface by surface and geometry control in a micro-nanofluidic device
Authors: Morikawa Kyojiro , Murata Shin-ichi , Kazoe Yutaka , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In micro- and nanofluidic devices, highly precise fluidic control is essential. Conventional mechanical valves in microchannels and nanochannels have size limitations, whereas hydrophobic (Laplace) valves are generally difficult to use for low-surface-tension liquids. In the present study, we developed a method for handling picoliter volumes of low-surface-tension liquids in a micro-nanofluidic device. The proposed Laplace valve is based on the pinning effect. A fused silica micro-nanofluidic device that includes a picoliter chamber whose geometry was designed to induce capillary pinning was designed and fabricated. The measured Laplace pressure of a lysis buffer (surfactant) was consistent with the calculated pressure, indicating successful fabrication and hydrophobic surface modification. The working principle of the Laplace valve was verified. The Laplace valve maintained the lysis buffer at the gas/liquid interface for 60 min, which is sufficiently long for cell lysis operations. Finally, replacement of liquids in the picoliter chamber using the valve was demonstrated. The proposed method will contribute to basic technologies for fluidic control in micro- and nanofluidic devices, and the proposed Laplace valve can be used for low-surface-tension liquids. In addition, the developed valve and picoliter chamber can be utilized for the interface in single-cell lysis, which will facilitate the development of single-cell analysis devices.
Microfluidic multicolor display by juxtapositional color mixing with a pattern of primary color pixels
Authors: Muramatsu Jumpei , Onoe Hiroaki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a microfluidic multicolor display utilizing juxtapositional color mixing of pixels. Our display has a 14 × 14 array of pixels (2.5 mm in pixel diameter, 8.46 ppi) on the display surface where multicolor is expressed by controlling the pattern of the four primary color inks (cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (= key plate, K)) that fill the pixels. The microfluidic display has a three-layer structure composed of a top layer with pixels for displaying images, a middle layer that serves as a background screen, and a bottom layer with microchannels that connect the pixels. In order to express multicolor by combining CMYK primary colors, we optimized the concentration of the inks used as the primary colors. By designing patterns of pixels filled with CMYK ink, color gradations and multicolor images were displayed on our display. The proposed microfluidic display could be applied to eye-friendly and low-energy-consumption flexible display applications including multi-purpose sign boards used in outdoors, wearing objects, and exterior/interior of vehicles and architects.
Extended model for optimizing high-order harmonic generation in absorbing gases
Authors: Major Balázs , Varjú Katalin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report on an extended version of the one-dimensional model proposed by Constant et al (1999 Phys. Rev. Lett.
82 1668) to study phase matching of high-order harmonic generation in absorbing and dispersive medium. The model—expanded from zeroth to first order—can be used with media having a pressure profile varying linearly with propagation length. Based on the new formulas, the importance of having a generation medium that ends abruptly with a steep pressure gradient for achieving high flux is highlighted. In addition to further rule-of-thumb guidelines for harmonic-flux optimization, it is shown that having a steep increase of pressure in the beginning of the medium increases harmonic flux, while it also decreases the required medium length to reach the absorption-limited maximum.
Helium-like ions in d-dimensions: analyticity and generalized ground state Majorana solutions
Authors: Escobar-Ruiz A M , Olivares-Pilón H , Aquino N , Cruz S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-relativistic helium-like ions (−e, −e, Ze) with static nucleus in a d-dimensional space

R

d

(d > 1) are considered. Assuming r
−1 Coulomb interactions, a two-parametric correlated Hylleraas-type trial function is used to calculate the ground state energy of the system in the domain Z ⩽ 10. For odd d = 3, 5, the variational energy is given by a rational algebraic function of the variational parameters while for even d = 2, 4 it is shown for the first time that it corresponds to a more complicated non-algebraic expression. This twofold analyticity will hold for any d. It allows us to construct reasonably accurate approximate solutions for the ground state energy E
0(Z, d) in the form of compact analytical expressions. We call them generalized Majorana solutions. They reproduce the first leading terms in the celebrated

1

Z

expansion, and serve as generating functions for certain correlation-dependent properties. The (first) critical charge Z
c vs d and the Shannon entropy

S

r

(

d

)

vs Z are also calculated within the present variational approach. In the light of these results, for the physically important case d = 3 a more general three-parametric correlated Hylleraas-type trial is used to compute the finite mass effects in the Majorana solution for a three-body Coulomb system with arbitrary charges and masses. It admits a straightforward generalization to any d as well. Concrete results for the systems e
−
e
−
e
+,

H

2

+

and H
− are indicated explicitly. Comparison of our variational analytical results with corresponding highly accurate numerical values reported in the literature indicates a fair agreement, within the limits of accuracy imposed by the approximate character of our treatment.
Capillary trees for passively pumping water
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Lorente Sylvie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Capillary flows are an attractive feature for passive water harvesting as they require no external driving force to pull the fluid out within the capillary network. Here we analyze the architecture of capillary flow networks in a steady state, and the impact of the network morphology on the maximum mass flow rate that can be extracted for a fixed network volume and fixed network footprint. We develop a search algorithm to test the possible locations of all the junction and bifurcation nodes and the changes in diameter ratios with the objective of obtaining the maximum mass flow rate from the network. We define the capillary strength as a local indicator to determine the geometrical parameters of each channel that allow the overall mass flow rate to be sustained. It is shown that the diameter ratio of connected tubes for maximum mass flow rate depends on the distance from the network outlet, and therefore does not follow the Hess–Murray law. The superiority of dendritic architectures in the roots and canopy branches of capillary trees is demonstrated.
Square-root-like higher-order topological states in three-dimensional sonic crystals
Authors: Geng Zhi-Guo , Peng Yu-Gui , Lv Huanzhao , Xiong Zhan , Chen Zhaojiang , Zhu Xue-Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The square-root descendants of higher-order topological insulators were proposed recently, whose topological property is inherited from the squared Hamiltonian. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D) square-root-like sonic crystal by stacking the 2D square-root lattice in the normal (z) direction. With the nontrivial intralayer couplings, the opened degeneracy at the K–H direction induces the emergence of multiple acoustic localized modes, i.e., the extended 2D surface states and 1D hinge states, which originate from the square-root nature of the system. The square-root-like higher order topological states can be tunable and designed by optionally removing the cavities at the boundaries. We further propose a third-order topological corner state in the 3D sonic crystal by introducing the staggered interlayer couplings on each square-root layer, which leads to a nontrivial bulk polarization in the z direction. Our work sheds light on the high-dimensional square-root topological materials, and have the potentials in designing advanced functional devices with sound trapping and acoustic sensing.
Extended law of corresponding states: square-well oblates
Authors: Gómez de Santiago Miguel , Gurin Péter , Varga Szabolcs , Odriozola Gerardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The vapour–liquid coexistence collapse in the reduced temperature, T

r
= T/T

c
, reduced density, ρ

r
= ρ/ρ

c
, plane is known as a principle of corresponding states, and Noro and Frenkel have extended it for pair potentials of variable range. Here, we provide a theoretical basis supporting this extension, and show that it can also be applied to short-range pair potentials where both repulsive and attractive parts can be anisotropic. We observe that the binodals of oblate hard ellipsoids for a given aspect ratio (κ = 1/3) with varying short-range square-well interactions collapse into a single master curve in the

Δ

B

2

*

–ρ

r
plane, where

Δ

B

2

*

=

(

B

2

(

T

)

−

B

2

(

T

c

)

)

/

v

0

, B
2 is the second virial coefficient, and v
0 is the volume of the hard body. This finding is confirmed by both REMC simulation and second virial perturbation theory for varying square-well shells, mimicking uniform, equator, and pole attractions. Our simulation results reveal that the extended law of corresponding states is not related to the local structure of the fluid.
Stabilizing effects of Ag doping on structure and thermal stability of FeN thin films
Authors: Niti  , Kumar Yogesh , Seema  , Reddy V R , Vas Joseph Vimal , Gupta Surbhi , Stahn Jochen , Gupta Ajay , Gupta Mukul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of Ag doping (2–20 at.%) on the phase formation of iron mononitride (FeN) thin films. Together with deposition of FeN using reactive dc magnetron sputtering, Ag was also co-sputtered at various doping levels between 2–20 at.%. We found that doping of Ag around 5 at.% is optimum to not only improve the thermal stability of FeN but also to reduce intrinsic defects that are invariably present in (even in epitaxial) FeN. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and N K-edge x-ray near edge absorption measurements clearly reveal a reduction of defects in Ag doped FeN samples. Moreover, Fe self-diffusion measurements carried out using secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth-profiling and polarized neutron reflectivity in 57Fe enriched samples exhibit an appreciable reduction in Fe self-diffusion in Ag doped FeN samples. Ag being immiscible with Fe and non-reactive with N, occupies grain-boundary positions as nanoparticles and prohibits the fast Fe self-diffusion in FeN.
The need to review low-dose decision-making in radiation protection
Authors: Coates Roger 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current approach in the system of protection, and the way in which it is implemented in regulation and practical application, has resulted in the allocation of significant and disproportionate societal resources to reduce relatively low-level exposures to even lower levels. The resulting exposure levels are often a fraction of the basic natural background level, and in particular are comparable to, or often significantly less than, the variability of natural background exposures due to individual decision-making, which the system of protection deems acceptable. There are arguments for a wider approach to decision-making at such low doses, recognising the uncertainties in radiation risk estimation and acknowledging the context that all human life takes place in a variable natural background radiation which generally dominates these lower dose exposures. Recommendations are presented for improvements in how decisions are made in controlling low doses.
Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography procedures in Sri Lanka: first nationwide dose survey
Authors: Amalaraj T , Satharasinghe Duminda , Pallewatte Aruna , Jeyasugiththan Jeyasingam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to establish for the first time national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for common computed tomography (CT) procedures in Sri Lanka. Patient morphometric data, exposure parameters and dose data such as volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were collected from 5666 patients who underwent 22 types of procedure. The extreme dose values were filtered before analysis to ensure that the data come from standard size patients. The median of the dose distribution was calculated for each institution, and the third quartile value of the median distribution was considered as the NDRL. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from 4592 patients and 17 procedure types were considered for establishment of a NDRL, covering 41% of the country’s CT machines. The proposed NDRLs based on CTDIvoland DLP were: non-contrast-enhanced (NC) head, 82.2 mGy/1556 mGy cm; contrast-enhanced (CE) head, 82.2 mGy/1546 mGy cm; chest NC, 7.4 mGy/350 mGy cm; chest CE, 8.3 mGy/464 mGy cm; abdomen NC, 10.5 mGy/721 mGy cm; abdomen arterial (A) phase, 13.4 mGy/398 mGy cm; abdomen venous (V) phase, 10.8 mGy/460 mGy cm; abdomen delay (D) phase, 12.6 mGy/487 mGy cm; sinus NC, 30.2 mGy/452 mGy cm; lumbar spine NC, 24.1 mGy/1123 mGy cm; neck NC, 27.5 mGy/670 mGy cm; high-resolution CT of chest, 10.3 mGy/341 mGy cm; kidneys ureters and bladder NC, 19.4 mGy/929 mGy cm; chest to pelvis (CAP) NC, 10.8 mGy/801 mGy cm; CAP A, 10.4 mGy/384 mGy cm; CAP V, 10.5 mGy/534 mGy cm; CAP D, 16.8 mGy/652 mGy cm. Although the proposed NDRLs are comparable with those of other countries, the observed broad dose distributions between the CT machines within Sri Lanka indicate that dose optimisation strategies for the country should be implemented for most of the CT facilities.
Digitalization of the reporting of key comparisons for radionuclide metrology
Authors: Coulon Romain , Courte Sammy , Judge Steven , Michotte Carine , Nonis Manuel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures operates an international reference system (the SIR) to compare primary standards of radioactivity realized by National Metrology Institutes. Recently, the way of managing data relating to this system has been redesigned. The new model is fully integrated into the SI digital transformation initiated by the metrology community. The new approach automates the production of reports on the results from key comparison exercises for publication in the key comparison database, aiming to reduce the time needed to prepare reports without impacting quality. In operation for a year, the new system has produced 12 comparison reports within deadlines at a quality that meets the needs of the stakeholders in radionuclide metrology. The database and the software are controlled using the states-of-the-art Git version control system. In addition, thanks to the machine-readable database it produces, it paves the way for more digital data exchanges meeting the FAIR principles and directly accessible through a new application programming interface that is under development.
Measuring the uncertainty assessment of an experimental device used to determine the thermo-optico-physical properties of translucent construction materials
Authors: Delort M , Fakra D A H , Malet-Damour B , Gatina J C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studying the thermo-optical properties of construction materials (i.e. thermal conductivity, optical reflectance, optical transmittance, and optical absorbance) is essential for improving human comfort within a building. Typically, these properties are measured independently using specific equipment. The emergence of new innovative construction structures, such as translucent materials, makes the experimental characterization of these properties more challenging to observe. Recently, a new device, called MulticoefMeter (McM), which rapidly and simultaneously measures all these properties, has been created. The study described in this article covers the calculation technique for estimating measurement uncertainties linked to morphology, the parts, and the physical formula of the experimental apparatus. The measurement uncertainty estimates are obtained from knowledge of the color of the system’s walls, placement, and form of the McM components, placement of the measurement sensors, and the application of measurement collection equipment. Therefore, a thorough calculation analysis was performed on the sub-systems. Calculations are divided into two categories: those based on mathematical tools and information given by the makers and those based on experimental observations obtained during reliability testing. These uncertainties originate from statistical tools, geometric tolerance of the system, comparison with standards, and the error propagation laws of the physical models’ link with the device. All these uncertainties were summed up and given a global value, no more than 5%, conforming to the ASTM standard (E1225). Finally, a general method to quantify the measurement uncertainty value of any experimental device was proposed.
Improved algorithm for minimum zone of roundness error evaluation using alternating exchange approach
Authors: Khlil Alhadi , Shi Zhanqun , Umar Abubakar , Ma BoTong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on computational geometry techniques, an improved algorithm for the minimum zone of roundness error evaluation using an alternating exchange method is presented. A minimum zone fitting function was created to enhance the roundness error evaluation. The function uses three candidate points to determine the initial solution: the expected centre, the mean circle radius, and the corresponding zone half-width. The best solution function is designed to use the initial solution as the input to determine the optimum solution for the minimum zone circle (MZC). The proposed algorithm was validated using data available in the literature. The roundness error evaluation comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately detects both the centre error magnitude and MZC and overcomes the insufficiency of using selected colinear points for four selected points.
Research on spatial filtering velocity measurement method for an interdigital electrostatic sensor
Authors: Gao Heming , Zhong Susu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Particle velocity is an important parameter to describe the flow characteristics of gas–solid two-phase flows. It is also a tricky problem for parameter measurement of gas–solid flows. Aiming at the problem of the spatial filtering effect of an electrostatic sensor suffering from the effect of a spatial distribution of solid particles, a new type of interdigital electrostatic sensor is here proposed to resolve it. First the spatial filtering characteristics of the interdigital electrostatic sensor are analyzed through finite element simulation, obtaining that the spatial position and size of the solid particles have no effect on the peak frequency of the sensor output signal power spectrum, and the quantitative relationship between the velocity and peak frequency is derived. Then, experimental verification is carried out on an experimental platform of a gravity-conveying particle flow. Simulation and experimental results show that the interdigital electrostatic sensor eliminates the influence of particle spatial position and particle size on the velocity measurement results. In the velocity range of 2.97 m s−1 to 4.95 m s−1, the relative error of the measurement system is better than 5%, and the relative standard deviation of repeated measurements is within 3%.
Deformation mechanism of copper reinforced by three-dimensional graphene under torsion and tension
Authors: Li Jinming , Xu Yixin , Wang Miaocao , Zhu Fulong , Hu Jianxiong , Feng Chenzefang , Huang Yuhua , Zhang Xiang , Zhao Naiqin , He Chunnian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mechanical behaviors of uniaxial torsional and tensional copper nanorod embedded with sp2-type hybrid graphene nanosheets (3DG/Cu) were investigated systematically using molecular dynamics methods. During the torsion process, graphene expanded the plastic deformation region of copper, while the plastic deformation in monocrystalline Cu cases was limited to a smaller area. 3DG/Cu responded to the torsion by one more plastic stage when plastic deformation spread along the length after the elastic response. Graphene improved the torsional loading capacity of the composite material, greatly extending the effective response range of the material by distributing the deformation of copper along with the graphene rather than being concentrated at a certain position like monocrystalline Cu. Generally, as the length of the model increased, this enhancement decreased. The copper portion of 3DG/Cu was divided into three areas during uniaxial tensile, a static region, a quasi-static region of the middle portion where the shear and necking occurred, and a dynamic area near the loading end. However, the inside graphene kept continuous until fracture. Furthermore, graphene improved the yield strain of copper by maintaining intact after copper failure. The greater the pre-loaded torsion angle, the smaller the yield strength and Young’s modulus of 3DG/Cu.