bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRUG ABUSE LEGISLATION FOR THE 1970'S
Authors: Yaffe Sumner J. , Bierman Chables W. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arthur P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo , Weiss Charles F. , Shirkey Harry C. , Bishop Jeffrey , Farchione Louis , Hayes Thomas H. , Lockhart Jean D. , Sawchuk Steven 
Published: December 2021

The frequent use of marijuana by American youth has compelled the Committee on Drugs to explore the present methods of and recommendations for controlling marijuana.
On October 15, 1970, the Executive Board of the American Academy of Pediatrics endorsed in principle a statement on marijuana which was prepared by the Massachusetts Chapter of the Academy and published in the Academy's Newsletter.1 This statement called for considering possession of marijuana as a misdemeanor rather than a felony, but it was against legalizing use of marijuana at the present time. On October 27, 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Comprehensive Drug Abuse, Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-513). This law became effective May 1, 1971; it is the Federal Government's attempt to control drug abuse by scientific and medical measures (under control of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) and by law enforcement activities (Department of Justice). The new Federal law has stopped short of legalizing marijuana, but it does allow a judge the discrelion to withhold criminal charges for the first offense of possession.
The Massachusetts Chapter notes2 that marijuana is not a narcotic and does not produce addiction. Short-term physical effects are innocuous. However, impaired performance on simple intellectual and psychomotor tests is seen after individuals have smoked marijuana for the first time; but, such effects are not seen in regular users. There is no evidence to substantiate the common misconceptions that use of marijuana leads to crime or addiction to opiates. But, so little scientific information is available on the long-term use of marijuana that it should be considered a potentially harmful drug.
Joseph Stokes, Jr
Authors: Bongiovanni Alfred M. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Joseph Stokes, Jr., Emeritus Physician-in-Chief of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Professor and Chairman Emeritus of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania, died suddenly on the evening of March 9, 1972. He was 76 years of age.
He was a brilliant Chairman of Pediatrics who introduced the first diagnostic virus laboratory into any clinical department in these United States shortly after his appointment to his academic post in 1939. With his retirement in 1963 he became active at the Henry Phipps Institute of the University of Pennsylvania where he was Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics in Community Medicine.
THE MALABSORPTION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: Weber Andrée , Roy Claude C. 
Published: December 2021

The malabsorption associated with chronic liver disease was studied in 23 children, all except two of whom had evidence of cirrhosis. There were 14 patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia, four with "paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts," and five with post-hepatitic cirrhosis. Steatorrhea (&gt; 5 gm /24 hr) was documented in the 14 patients tested while on a normal diet. No evidence of pancreatic or small bowel mucosal disease could be found.
While basal duodenal bile salt concentrations were found to be below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) in only two of the four cases of post-hepatitic cirrhosis tested, a poor response to pancreozymin clearly separated all the four from normal control subjects. The 10 children with end stage cirrhosis excreted significantly (P &lt; .001) more fat (21.4 ± 6.6) in their stools than did the others (10.9 ± 2.1). Even though a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) supplemented low fat diet was associated with a drop in fecal fat, it had no effect on the severe malnutrition of decompensated extrahepatic biliary atresia; whereas, in conjunction with cholestyramine, it led to a resumption of weight gain and a concomitant amelioration of liver function in patients with "paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts" and in those with post-hepatitic cirrhosis.
ON THE DIFFICULT BREEDING OF THE TEETH
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1764 Dr. John Theobald of London wrote a book containing "everything necessary to be known relative to the nursing of children, from the time of their birth to the age of 7 years; together with a plain and full account of every disorder to which infants are subject, and a collection of efficacious remedies, suited to every disease."
Theobald had this to say about teething.
DIFFICULT BREEDING THE TEETH
Amongst the disorders to which children are subject, there are none as Hippocrates observes, which occasion such grievous symptoms, as difficult dentition. There is great reason to expect the breeding of teeth will be difficult, if the child is continually crying, thrusts its fingers into its mouth, and bites the nurses (sic) nipples; if unequal swellings are perceived in the gums, where the teeth are expected to appear, if the mouth and whole body are very hot, and the child starts much in its sleep, slavering much, and a looseness are no bad signs, when a child is cutting its teeth. The bad and dangerous disorders arising from difficult dentition, are restlessness, gripes, costiveness, green stools, thrush, fevers, suffocating coughs, convulsions, and epilepsies, which often end in death.
The cure must begin by applying a leach (sic) behind each ear, and when the swelling of the gum shows it is time to cut it, which is known by a white speck appearing on the swelling, it should be cut quite down to the tooth, with a penknife, instead of a lancet, to prevent its uniting too soon, and forming a hard cicatrix.
Mumps as a Cause of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Hower J. , Clar H. E. , Düchting M. 
Published: December 2021

We read Dr. Bray's communication with great interest. With actually three cases of aqueductal stenosis after mumps being recorded we cannot doubt that the experimental findings of Johnson and Johnson have a bearing on human pathology.
Our patient, a 6½-year-old boy, underwent evaluation of his megacephalus five months before the onset of mumps. At that time a pneumoencephalogram could be obtained by lumbar filling. Cerebrospinal fluid flow was considered marginally adequate. Three months after mumps meningoencephalitis the patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (papilledema, sudden increase in head circumference, and widening of the coronar suture).
VENEREAL DISEASE AND THE PEDIATRICIAN
Authors: Hazard Sprague W. , Allen V. Robert , Eisner Victor , Garell Dale C. , Hammar S. L. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Shen Jerome T. Y. , Tanner Natalia M. , Welty John Allen 
Published: December 2021

As a result of the sharp rise in venereal disease during the past decade, which seriously threatens the health of our young people, pediatricians must become actively involved:
1. in the prompt identification, treatment, and epidemiologic control of venereal disease in young people and newborn infants;
2. in developing and promoting social legislation related to the treatment of minors;
3. in encouraging and participating in effective educational programs for youth on venereal disease.
A heightened alertness to the possibility of venereal disease is required by every physician.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Pless I. B. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Dr. Mofenson's comments regarding our report on the Prevention of Injuries to Children in Automobiles. At the time this paper was submitted for publication, the Committee's notice had not been published, nor had the PAS pamphlet been distributed. But this is water under the bridge—better late than never.
The Accident Prevention Committee's suggestion regarding the necessity for more legislation in this area is an excellent one. Unfortunately, the pessimism revealed by Dr. Mofenson's comments about the effectiveness of health education may influence the pediatrician adversely.
THE UNHAPPY CONSEQUENCES OF CONSULTING A SURGEON ABOUT THE TURN OF A CHILD'S SHAPE, ACCORDING TO MRS. SEYMOUR, WRITING IN 1754
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

A caveat meant for parents, and often mentioned in eighteenth century books written by lay authors about child rearing practices, was to shun physicians, especially surgeons. The following is an excellent example of this distrust of surgeons:
We see Persons with high Hips, and Persons who have high Shoulders; some are large boned, and some have them small, and all this yet with Regularity, while in an Infant these Things are often visible; and to a judicious Person they would only shew (sic), that such or such would be the general Tur of the Person's Shape when grown up, being in themselves nothing tending to Distortion, and being unalterable. If the Mother thinks no more of these, or if she thinks nothing of them at all, some ignorant Female Friend, who sees the child undressed, takes Notice of them: It is a sweet Baby, says she, it is a Pity any thing should grow out of Shape; and if it were her Case she would have Advice in time. This Opinion of Advice in time, is the Destruction of half the Shapes in the World. I am so much the Friend of Physicians, that I think, in Diseases, Advice cannot be sought too soon; but here the only Safety is not to seek it at all: The first Step is the Beginning of Destruction. The Town is over-run with Surgeons, and they must live: If the mother should send for a Physician it is out of his Province; and it is fifty to one that he is not Anatomist enough to know whether there may be any Fault or not.
Bone Marrow And Bone Tissue: Color Atlas of Clinical Histopathology, by Rolf Burkhardt. New York/Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971, 115 pp., $77.30
Authors: Fetterman George H. 
Published: December 2021

An atlas should present excellent illustrations and should project an authoritative air. This one qualifies on both counts.
Those hematologists and pathologists who rely on "histobiopsies" of bone marrow will be highly pleased with this volume. Those who are usually content with examination of smears of marrow aspirates may be somewhat less enthusiastic.
Burkhardt begins by describing his myelotomy method, which is hardly simple, and certainly more incapacitating to the patient than the more commonly used techniques, either of histobiopsy or marrow aspiration.
British Medical Bulletin, Vol.20, No.1, Research in Diseases of the Tropics. London: The British Council, Medical Department, 1972, 102 pp., $6.50
Authors: Weller Thomas H. 
Published: December 2021

It is appropriate to call this collection of excellent reviews of current research on tropical diseases to the attention of pediatricians. The majority of the children of the world live in poorly sanitated tropical and subtropical regions. More often than not such children are developmentally scarred by the repetitive synergistic insults of malnutrition and infectious disease and are doomed to an abbreviated life of misery.
In this collection of 16 essays, edited by Dr. C. E. Gordon Smith, Dean of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the magnitude of the unsolved problems surfaces as the dominant theme.
THE TROUBLE WITH THE RISING GENERATION LIVING IN NEW ENGLAND IN 1657
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The modernity of Ezekial Rogers' remarks, although written in 1657, may surprise present day readers. In a letter to Cotton Mather, Rogers had this to say about young people:
. . . I find greatest trouble and grief about the rising generation. Young people are little stirred here; but they strengthen one another in evil, by example, by counsel. Much ado have with my own family; hard to get a servant that is glad of catechising or family-duties: I had a rare blessing of servants in Yorkshire; and those that I brought over were a blessing: but the young brood doth much afflict me. Even the children of the godly here and elsewhere, make a woful (sic) proof! So that, I tremble to think, what will become of this glorious work that we have begun, when the ancient shall be gathered unto their fathers. I fear grace and blessing will die with them, if the Lord do not also show more signs of displeasure, even in our days. We grow worldly every where; methinks I see little godliness, but all in a hurry about the world; every one for himself, little care of public or common good.
It hath been God's way, not to send sweeping judgments when the chief magistrates are godly and grow more so. I beseech all the Bayministers to call earnestly upon magistrates (that are often among them) tell them that their godliness will be our protection: if they fail, I shall fear some sweeping judgment shortly. The clouds seem to be gathering.1
SIR PERCIVAL POTT'S CURE FOR CURVATURE OF THE SPINE
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

One of the popular late eighteenth century books written by physicians for lay audiences contains the following description of Percival Pott's (1714-1788) treatment of curvature of the spine.
Mr. Pott has ordered a large opening to be made on each side of the spine by means of caustics and the discharge to be preserved by the introduction of a kidney bean and (when the bottom of the sore is become clean by suppuration) to sprinkle every third or fourth day a small quantity of Spanish flies on them finely powdered. I have experienced this method to be very beneficial, and sometimes wholly to cure the patient.1
The Natural History and Progress in Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects, edited by B. S. Langford Kidd, M.D., F.R.C.P.(E)., F.A.C.C., and John D. Keith, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)., F.A.C.C. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1971, 346 pp. $19.75
Authors: Gersony Welton M. 
Published: December 2021

This volume evolved from a 1969 international symposium of the same title sponsored by the Ontario Heart Foundation in cooperation with the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto. The participants were outstanding cardiologists, surgeons, and pathologists from throughout the world, and the resulting publication is a multiauthored compendium which explores the current areas of interest concerning the major congenital heart lesions.
This book is certainly one of the best of its type yet published; the material is extremely well organized and nicely edited.
THE ALLEGED DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ATTENDANCE AT VASSAR COLLEGE HAD ON A YOUNG GIRL'S HEALTH A CENTURY AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Many nineteenth century physicians believed that a girl's health would be adversely affected if she were to devote as much time at college to scholarly pursuits as was required of boys. The passage below, written in 1873 by a wellknown Boston physician, is an excellent example of this opinion.1
Miss D— entered Vassar College at the age of fourteen. Up to that age, she had been a healthy girl, judged by the standard of American girls. Her parents were apparently strong enough to yield her a fair dower of force. The catamenial function first showed signs of activity in her Sophomore Year, when she was fifteen years old. Its appearance at this age is confirmatory evidence of the normal state of her health at that period of her college career. Its commencement was normal, without pain or excess. She performed all her college duties regularly and steadily. She studied, recited, stood at the blackboard, walked, and went through her gymnastic exercises, from the beginning to the end of the term, just as boys do. Her account of her regimen there was so nearly that of a boy's regimen, that it would puzzle a physiologist to determine, from the account alone, whether the subject of it was male or female. She was an average scholar, who maintained a fair position in her class, not one of the anxious sort, that are ambitious of leading all the rest. Her first warning was fainting away, while exercising in the gymnasium, at a time when she should have been comparatively quiet, both mentally and physically.
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS—A POLICY STATEMENT WITH BACKGROUND
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. , Brendel William , Brent Robert L. , Chisolm J. Julian , Doyle John L. , Fagan Emmett L. , Finberg Laurence , Miller Robert W. , Nahmias Andre J. , Thompson G. D. Carylyle , Horton Robert J. M. 
Published: December 2021

The Committee on Environmental Health of the Indiana Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics sought the assistance of the Academy's Committee on Environmental Hazards regarding a developing health risk to children in Indiana. A cattle feedlot was developed along the shores of a creek which empties into a lake where recreational use included an area specifically designated for swimming.
The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the wastes produced by farm animals in the United States are equivalent to the wastes of 2 billion people, more than half the world population of 3.7 billion people. It has further estimated that more than half of these wastes are produced in feedlots.
Feedlots for livestock and poultry are a relatively new industry that has developed since World War II in various parts of the United States. Significant changes are occurring in the increased demand for meats and in the manner of feeding, processing, and marketing livestock. Feedlots are now being established closer to market areas throughout the nation. With the increasing number of animals and the increasing use of feedlots, it is necessary that some wastes management system be required to protect the human population from a number of infectious diseases. Animal wastes from feedlots are more infectious than wastes from grazing farm animals because of naturally occurring epizootics within such confined feeding facilities. Chemical pollution by animal wastes or chemical changes incident to microbiologic or chemical pollution are also a concern.
In the interest of our domestic water supply and the safe use of recreational waters, both vital to the health of children, the Committee has approved the following statement:
THIAMINE DERIVATIVES IN SUBACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOMYELOPATHY
Authors: Pincus Jonathan H. , Cooper Jack R. , Murphy Jerome V. , Rabe Edward F. , Lonsdale Derrick , Dunn Henry G. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-one patients in whom the diagnosis of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE, Leigh's disease) was made, have been treated with large doses of thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD) or thiamine tetrafurfuryldisulfide (TTFD). In 12, the diagnosis is secure and in 9 it is presumptive. The incidence and quality of remissions in patients in both categories exceeded those described in the literature in 84 untreated patients with this disease. In general, remissions correlated well with high thiamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and exacerbations with the reverse. The ultimate failure of vitamin therapy in several patients who initially did well seemed to correlate with the tendency of CSF thiamine levels to fall during the course of continuous therapy. Preliminary results indicate that substituted thiamine derivatives (TPD and TTFD) were more efficacious in raising CSF thiamine levels than thiamine. TTFD has the further advantage of imparting little odor to treated patients. In the one case in which a comparative study was done, the intravenous route was more effective than the oral one in raising blood and CSF levels but in high dosage therapy raised CSF levels satisfactorily at least in the early days and weeks of treatment of many cases.
While thiamine and its derivatives appear to be of benefit, a permanent solution to the therapeutic problem will probably come from another source.
FAMILIAL OCCURRENCE OF ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS IN THREE SIBLINGS, INCLUDING IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: Lee Moo H. , Liebman Jerome , Steinberg Arthur G. , Perrin Eugene V. , Whitman Victor 
Published: December 2021

A family is presented in which twins and one other of the total of four siblings were affected with endocardial fibroelastosis. A genetic study suggested that the twins were identical and that the mode of transmission in this family was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.
A series of standard electrocardiograms beginning 24 hours of age was studied in all three children, as well as Frank system vectorcardiogram in case 1 and both Frank and McFee-Parungao system vectorcardiograms in the twins. From the clinical examinations and the electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies, it can be concluded that, at least in this family, there was no evidence of abnormality in the newborn period, but that the electrocardiographic changes in all three affected siblings apparently occurred by 3 to 4 months of age.
HEALTH CARE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS
Authors: Eisner Victor , Sholtz Robert I. 
Published: December 2021

Pediatricians have long interested themselves in the health of juvenile delinquents. The Academy first appointed a Committee on Juvenile Delinquency in 1955. Although this Committee has changed its title to the Committee on Youth and has expanded its role to include other problems and concerns of young people, it still concerns itself with the health supervision of youth in detention facilities. It has now developed, with the endorsement of the National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, written standards for health care provided in juvenile court institutions.1
Juvenile delinquents come largely from low income families, and often from families with serious social problems.
MISS HARRIET MARTINEAU ON THE MANNERS OF AMERICAN CHILDREN
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Harriet Martineau (1802-1876), an English reformer and author, traveled widely in the United States between 1834 and 1836. As a result of her travels she wrote Society in America, published in 1837, which soon became a classic account of American society of the 1830's. Miss Martineau had this to say about the manners of American children:
For my own part, I delight in the American children; in those who are not overlaid with religious instruction. There are instances, as there are everywhere, of spoiled, pert, and selfish children. Parents' hearts are pierced there, as elsewhere. But the independence and fearlessness of children were a perpetual charm in my eyes. To go no deeper, it is a constant amusement to see how the speculations of young minds issue, when they take their own way of thinking, and naturally say all they think. Some admirable specimens of active little minds were laid open to me at a juvenile ball at Baltimore. I could not have got at so much in a year in England. If I had at home gone in among eighty or a hundred little people, between the ages of eight and sixteen, I should have extracted little more than "Yes, ma'm," and "No, ma'am." At Baltimore, a dozen boys and girls at a time crowded round me, questioning, discussing, speculating, revealing in a way which enchanted me. In private houses, the comments slipped in at table by the children were often the most memorable, and generally the most amusing part of the conversation.
Hypothyroidism After Growth Hormone Therapy
Authors: Sack Joseph , DeLamater Paul 
Published: December 2021

Porter et al.1 have confirmed the observation that some growth hormone-deficient patients demonstrate hypothyroidism after initiation of growth hormone therapy.2 They further demonstrated that "TSH response to TRH is diminished following GH administration." The two possible mechanisms they suggested for this diminished TSH response were (1) direct inhibition of the response of the thyrotropin to TRH, or (2) GH potentiation of the effect of T4.
We should add still another possible mechanism. Burgus et al.3 and Brazeau et al.4