bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feminist struggles against criminalization of digital violence: Lessons for Internet governance from the global south
Authors: Suarez Estrada Marcela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhy have feminists in Mexico been arguing with women's groups and against the state over the criminalization of digital violence, and what do these struggles mean for its governance? This article analyzes the social struggles surrounding passage of the Olimpia Law of 2019, which criminalizes digital violence in Mexico. Although criminalization of digital violence as a means of governing online behavior has recently attracted much attention globally, this study proposes that such measures can, at the same time, put at risk the human rights of women actively participating in the political realm (human rights defenders, activists, and journalists). I further contend that governing digital violence is not so much a regulatory question but should, rather, be understood as a field of struggle among diverse collective projects. Thus, I argue that there is a need to further reconceptualize digital violence against women in politics as a way to address the multiplicity of actors and perspectives involved in internet governance. Following textual analysis of documents from feminist organizations arguing against the criminalization of digital violence, I conclude by proposing public policies to fight this phenomenon beyond criminalization.
Pyrotechnic Strobe Compositions: an Overview
Authors: Verbovytskyy Yuriy , Harrison Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPyrotechnic strobes have been known for over 100 years and have a wide range of uses, from the fireworks industry to military applications. On combustion, they emit bright flashes of white or colored light at regular intervals. A wide variety of fuels and oxidants can be used to create strobe compositions, but all known variants were discovered by trial and error and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This review presents and discusses the range of known pyrotechnic strobes, together with some historical facts associated with their discovery, and comments on the current state of knowledge of the strobe mechanism.
Preoperative MRI PI‐RADS scores are associated with prostate cancer upstaging on surgical pathology
Authors: Pockros Benjamin , Stensland Kristian D. , Parries Molly , Frankenberger Edward , Canes David , Moinzadeh Alireza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionProstate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) scores can help identify clinically significant prostate cancer and improve patient selection for prostate biopsies. However, the role of PI‐RADS scores in patients already diagnosed with prostate cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of PI‐RADS scores with prostate cancer upstaging. Upstaging on final pathology harbors a higher risk for biochemical recurrence with important implications for additional treatments, morbidity, and mortality.MethodsAll patients from a single high‐volume institution who underwent a prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and radical prostatectomy between 2016 and 2020 were included in this retrospective analysis. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to investigate potential associations with upstaging events, defined by pT3, pT4, or N1 on final pathology. A logistic regression model was constructed for the prediction of upstaging events based on PI‐RADS score, prostate‐specific antigen density (PSA‐D), and biopsy Gleason grade groups. We built receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves to measure the area under the curve of different predictive models.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐four patients were included in the final analysis. Upstaging events occurred in 137 (46.5%) of patients. On univariable analysis, patients who were upstaged on final pathology had significantly higher PI‐RADS scores (odds ratio [OR] 2.34 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–3.40, p < 0.001) but similar PSA‐D (OR 2.70 95% 0.94–8.43, p = 0.188) compared with patients who remained pT1 or pT2 on final pathology. On multivariable analysis, PI‐RADS remained independently significantly associated with upstaging, suggesting it is an independent risk predictor for upstaging. Lymph node metastasis only occurred in patients with PI‐RADS 4 or 5 lesions (n = 15). Our model using PSA‐D, biopsy Gleason grade, and PI‐RADS had a predictive AUC of 0.69 for upstaging events, an improvement from 0.59 using biopsy Gleason grade alone.ConclusionPI‐RADS scores are independent predictors for upstaging events and may play an important role in forecasting biochemical recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Modern nomograms should be updated to include PI‐RADS to predict lymph node metastases and the likelihood of biochemical recurrence more accurately.
A multivariate triple exponentially weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStatistical process monitoring (SPM) is mostly populated with univariate control charts used to monitor a single variable (or quality characteristic). Nowadays, industries and online environments are filled with processes in which two or more quality characteristics are related. In such situations, univariate control charts are replaced with multivariate control charts for the sake of monitoring several characteristics simultaneously. This paper develops a new multivariate triple exponentially weighted moving average (MTEWMA) chart to serve this purpose. Moreover, the design of the multivariate simple and double exponentially weighted moving average (denoted as MEWMA and MDEWMA) charts are revisited using extensive simulations. It is observed that the MTEWMA chart has very interesting time‐varying properties as compared to the asymptotic properties. The newly proposed MTEWMA chart is superior over the MEWMA and MDEWMA charts in many situations of the asymptotic control limits. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the sensitivity of the proposed charts.
Design and analysis of exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring the variability of log‐normal processes with estimated parameters
Authors: Akhtar Noureen , Abid Muhammad , Amir Muhammad Wasim , Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Raza Zeeshan , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn statistical process control (SPC), the control chart is a quite popular technique to monitor the process efficacy. From a statistical point of view, the control chart is considered superior if it has an effective structure withholding property of the resistance against infrequent situations in a practical environment. The current study is designed for the same purpose for observing the dispersion parameter of log‐normal distribution by using the structure of an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart. For the extensive study, EWMA range, EWMA standard deviation, EWMA EWMA EWMA mean absolute deviation, and EWMA transform standard deviation control charts are proposed. Properties of the run‐length profile of the proposed designed structures based on different existing estimators as well as a newly transformed dispersion estimator for log‐normal standard deviation are evaluated. The results indicate that the newly developed scheme outperforms the competitors when the dispersion parameter of the log‐normal distribution attains a large value. A real‐life application is also provided to validate how the developed design can be used in practice.
Epidemics on networks with preventive rewiring
Authors: Ball Frank , Britton Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA stochastic SIR (susceptible infective recovered) model is considered for the spread of an epidemic on a network, described initially by an Erdős–Rényi random graph, in which susceptible individuals connected to infectious neighbors may drop or rewire such connections. A novel construction of the model is used to derive a deterministic model for epidemics started with a positive fraction initially infected and prove convergence of the scaled stochastic model to that deterministic model as the population size . For epidemics initiated by a single infective that take off, we prove that for part of the parameter space, in the limit as , the final fraction infected is discontinuous in the infection rate at its threshold , thus not converging to 0 as . The discontinuity is particularly striking when rewiring is necessarily to susceptible individuals in that jumps from 0 to 1 as passes through .
Synthesis of Hydrogels from Low‐Grade Palygorskite and Its Adsorption Behavior for Methylene Blue
Authors: Tian Haifeng , Tian Haizhou , Gao Peng , Zha Fei , Wang Zengjun , Guo Xiaojun , Tang Xiaohua , Chang Yue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of hydrogels were successfully prepared with low grade palygorskite and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as raw materials by free radical graft copolymerization method. The morphology, functional groups, crystalline phases and thermal stability of the hydrogels were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, XRD and TG, respectively. The adsorption properties of hydrogels were tested. The water absorption rate of hydrogel with Jiangsu Xu Yu palygorskite (PGSH), Gansu Linze white grey palygorskite (WPGSH) and Gansu Linze red palygorskite (RPGSH) as raw materials was 1332 g/g, 1204 g/g and 1146 g/g, respectively. The three hydrogels showed excellent adsorption capacity for 100 mg/L methylene blue solution at room temperature, and the maximum adsorption capacities of PGSH, WPGSH and RPGSH were 236.44 mg/g, 227.72 mg/g and 223.01 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue over hydrogels was a pseudo two stage kinetic equation.
Synthesis and Investigation of Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Pyrimidines
Authors: Slobodinyuk Daria G. , Slobodinyuk Alexey I. , Shklyaeva Elena V. , Abashev Georgii G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA number of novel fluorophores have been synthesized containing an electron‐withdrawing pyrimidine core and electron donating N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl, 4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl, phenyl and pyrrol‐1‐yl fragments at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the pyrimidine ring. Thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of these substances have been studied. The structure‐property dependences of substituted pyrimidines have been established.
3D Nanoscale Morphology Characterization of Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Ting , He Wanting , Jafari Maziar , Guner Tugrul , Li Pandeng , Siaj Mohamed , Izquierdo Ricardo , Sun Baoquan , Welch Gregory C. , Yurtsever Aycan , Ma Dongling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is highly desired to develop advanced characterization techniques to explore the 3D nanoscale morphology of the complicated blend film of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, ternary OSCs are constructed by incorporating the nonfullerene acceptor perylenediimide (PDI)‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐PDI and their morphology is characterized in depth to understand the performance variation. In particular, photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) coupled with infrared laser spectroscopy is conducted to qualitatively study the distribution of donor and acceptors in the blend film by chemical identification and to quantitatively probe the segmentation of domains and the domain size distribution after PDI‐DPP‐PDI acceptor incorporation by PiFM imaging and data processing. In addition, the energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy with energy loss spectra is utilized to visualize the nanoscale morphology of ultrathin cross‐sections in the configuration of the real ternary device for the first time in the field of photovoltaics. These measurements allow to “view” the surface and cross‐sectional morphology and provide strong evidence that the PDI‐DPP‐PDI acceptor can suppress the aggregation of the fullerene molecules and generate the homogenous morphology with a higher‐level of the molecularly mixed phase, which can prevent the charge recombination and stabilize the morphology of photoactive layer.
Effect of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber on the early mechanical strength and shrinkage crack resistance of concrete
Authors: Chen Zhiyou , Yu Lin , Jin Weizhun , Jiang Linhua , Guo Mingzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the early mechanical strength, and shrinkage crack resistance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber concrete with different lengths and contents. The microstructure of UHMWPE fiber concrete is investigated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to analyze the distribution and mechanism of action of UHMWPE fiber in concrete. The mechanical strength results indicate that the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete increase first and then decrease by adding fibers. The maximum compressive strength and splitting tensile strength at age of 28d are 42.9 and 3.32 MPa, which is 41.1% and 55.9% higher than that of the benchmark group. The SEM results show that when the UHMWPE fiber content is small, the fibers are evenly distributed in concrete and tightly bonded to the matrix. While the fibers will agglomerate and entangle with the increase of the fiber content, the results of shrinkage resistance test demonstrate that the 12 mm fiber with 0.24% fiber volume content can obtain the best shrinkage crack resistance.
Research on slow crack growth resistance of polyethylene pipe based on strain hardening modulus
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xiang Aimin , Lu Xiaoying , Zhou Hongfu , Yin Duoyuan , Tian Huafeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSlow crack growth (SCG) is the principal factor for determining the operating lifetime of polyethylene (PE) pipes. Exploring the relationship between the molecular structure and the strain hardening (SH) modulus is helpful to evaluate the SCG resistance of PE pipe materials accurately. This paper uses an efficient SH test method to study the SH modulus for four kinds of PE pipes. Meanwhile, the correlation between SH modulus and sample thickness, material crystallinity (Xc), comonomer type and content, weight‐average molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution has been established and investigated respectively. The results represent that the comonomer type and the Xc of PE materials played significant roles in the SH modulus. The SH modulus of ethylene‐hexene copolymer is 5–7 MPa higher than that of ethylene‐butene copolymer. The amount in the range of 1 × 103 to 1 × 105 of the molecular weight distribution of PE materials has a significant contribution to the establishment of the tie molecular network. In addition, the higher Xc and the thinner thickness were beneficial to obtain the higher measured SH modulus.
Time Banks as Transient Civic Organizations? Exploring the Dynamics of Decline
Authors: Glückler Johannes , Hoffmann Jakob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTime banks have become a popular type of civic organization constructed to facilitate egalitarian economic exchange through a community-bounded currency. Especially after the recent economic crises in Europe, the rise in the number of time banks has been accompanied by relative transience and sometimes short lifespans. We adopt a relational perspective to explore the dynamics of decline in the civic engagement of a time bank in southern Germany. Using methods of longitudinal social network analysis, we analyze the relational processes and individual trajectories of members within the emerging transaction network over a period of eight years. Rather than explaining why, we have found how relational trajectories of members through a structure of core and periphery have led to creeping decline in activity and membership. Given the repeated observation that time banks and other types of alternative economic practices are often characterized by considerable volatility and potential collapse, relational thinking and network analysis are especially suited to unpacking the underlying relational mechanisms that shape these outcomes of volatility and demise.
Unconstrained off-shell superfield formulation of 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetric higher spins
Authors: Buchbinder Ioseph , Ivanov Evgeny , Zaigraev Nikita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present, for the first time, the complete off-shell 4D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superfield actions for any free massless integer spin s ≥ 2 fields, using the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 harmonic super-space approach. The relevant gauge supermultiplet is accommodated by two real analytic bosonic superfields $$ {h}_{\alpha \left(s-1\right)\dot{\alpha}\left(s-1\right)}^{++} $$

h

α

s
−
1

α
̇

s
−
1

+
+

, $$ {h}_{\alpha \left(s-2\right)\dot{\alpha}\left(s-2\right)}^{++} $$

h

α

s
−
2

α
̇

s
−
2

+
+

and two conjugated complex analytic spinor superfields $$ {h}_{\alpha \left(s-1\right)\dot{\alpha}\left(s-1\right)}^{+3} $$

h

α

s
−
1

α
̇

s
−
1

+
3

, $$ {h}_{\alpha \left(s-2\right)\dot{\alpha}\left(s-1\right)}^{+3} $$

h

α

s
−
2

α
̇

s
−
1

+
3

, where α(s) := (α1. . . αs),$$ \dot{\alpha} $$

α
̇

(s) := ($$ \dot{\alpha} $$

α
̇

1. . .$$ \dot{\alpha} $$

α
̇

s). Like in the harmonic superspace formulations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Maxwell and supergravity theories, an infinite number of original off-shell degrees of freedom is reduced to the finite set (in WZ-type gauge) due to an infinite number of the component gauge parameters in the analytic superfield parameters. On shell, the standard spin content (s,s−1/2,s−1/2,s−1) is restored. For s = 2 the action describes the linearized version of “minimal” $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Einstein supergravity.
Schrödinger evolution of two-dimensional black holes
Authors: Giddings Steven B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper systematically treats the evolving quantum state for two-dimensional black holes, with particular focus on the CGHS model, but also elucidating features generalizing to higher dimensions. This is done in Schrödinger picture(s), to exhibit the dynamic evolution of the state at intermediate times. After a review of classical solutions, also connecting to descriptions of higher-dimensional black holes, it overviews the canonical quantum treatment of the full evolution, including gravitational dynamics. Derived in an approximation to this, following conversion to “perturbation picture”, is the evolution of the quantum matter on the background geometry. Features of the evolving matter state are described, based on choice of a time slicing to put the evolution into ADM form. The choices of slicing as well as coordinates on the slices result in different quantum “pictures” for treating the evolution. If such a description is based on smooth trans-horizon slices, that avoids explicit reference to ultra-planckian modes familiar from traditional treatments, and exhibits the Hawking excitations as emerging from a “quantum atmosphere” with thickness comparable to the inverse temperature. Detailed study of the state exhibits the entanglement structure between Hawking quanta and the partner excitations inside the black hole, and the corresponding “missing information”. This explicit description also allows direct study of the evolution and features, e.g. as seen by infalling observers, of these partner excitations, helping to address various puzzles with them. Explicit treatment of the evolving state, and its extension to higher dimensions, provides further connections to information theory and a starting point for study of corrections that can unitarize evolution, arising from new quantum gravity effects — whether wormholes or something entirely different.
A consistent two-skyrmion configuration space from instantons
Authors: Halcrow Chris , Winyard Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To study a nuclear system in the Skyrme model one must first construct a space of low energy Skyrme configurations. However, there is no mathematical definition of this configuration space and there is not even consensus on its fundamental properties, such as its dimension. Here, we propose that the full instanton moduli space can be used to construct a consistent skyrmion configuration space, provided that the Skyrme model is coupled to a vector meson which we identify with the ρ-meson. Each instanton generates a unique skyrmion and we reinterpret the 8N instanton moduli as physical degrees of freedom in the Skyrme model. In this picture a single skyrmion has six zero modes and two non-zero modes: one controls the overall scale of the solution and one the energy of the ρ-meson field. We study the N = 1 and N = 2 systems in detail. Two interacting skyrmions can excite the ρ through scattering, suggesting that the ρ and Skyrme fields are intrinsically linked. Our proposal is the first consistent manifold description of the two-skyrmion configuration space. The method can also be generalised to higher N and thus provides a general framework to study any skyrmion configuration space.
How relevant is lumbar bone mineral density for the stability of symphyseal implants? A biomechanical cadaver study
Authors: Schwaabe Fanny , Gleich Johannes , Linhart Christoph , Keppler Alexander Martin , Woiczinski Matthias , Kammerlander Christian , Greiner Axel , Böcker Wolfgang , Cavalcanti Kußmaul Adrian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Osteoporotic bone tissue appears to be an important risk factor for implant loosening, compromising the stability of surgical implants. However, it is unclear whether lumbar measured bone mineral density (BMD) is of any predictive value for stability of surgical implants at the pubic symphysis. This study examines the fixation strength of cortical screws in human cadaver specimens with different BMDs.

Methods
The lumbar BMD of ten human specimens was measured using quantitative computed tomography (qCT). A cut-off BMD was set at 120 mg Ca-Ha/mL, dividing the specimens into two groups. One cortical screw was drilled into each superior pubic ramus. The screw was withdrawn in an axial direction with a steady speed and considered failed when a force decrease was detected. Required force (N) and pull-out distance (mm) were constantly tracked.

Results
The median peak force of group 1 was 231.88 N and 228.08 N in group 2. While BMD values differed significantly (p < 0.01), a comparison of peak forces between both groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.481).

Conclusion
Higher lumbar BMD did not result in significantly higher pull-out forces at the symphysis. The high proportion of cortical bone near the symphyseal joint allows an increased contact of pubic screws and could explain sufficient fixation. This condition is not reflected by a compromised lumbar BMD in a qCT scan. Therefore, site-specific BMD measurement could improve individual fracture management.