bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Detect Small Invisible Malignant Tumours?
Authors: Zhou Ji , Li Huijun , Fang Cong , Tan Junye , Gao Peng , Jin Cuicui , Liu Sonbo , Li Jin , Wang Yu , He Ellen , Skog Sven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives. Early detection of malignant tumour is a prerequisite for a successful treatment. Here we investigate if thymidine kinase 1 is more sensitive than imaging technology to discover small invisible malignant tumours.Material and Methods. The cellular concentration of TK1 was determined by a novel automatic chemiluminescence analyzer of magnetic particle immune sandwich minimum. The primary and secondary antibodies linked to the magnetic beads were chicken anti-human thymidine kinase 1 IgY-polyclonal antibodies (IgY pAb). The minimum number of cells able to be detected by the novel detection technology using an automatic chemiluminescence analyzer were determined based on the cellar TK1 concentration of low and high TK1 cell lines of known cell count.Results. The TK1 concentration of malignant cell was found to be 0.021 pg/cell. Assuming 200 pg of total protein/cell, TK1 corresponds to 0.01 % of the total protein/cell. The concentration of TK1 in human blood serum of malignant patients is in the range of 2-10 pmol/l (pM), corresponding to about 50 x106 growing cells in the body that release TK1 into 5 litre blood. The limit visibility by imaging of a tumour is about 1 mm in diameter, corresponding to about 109cells of a cell diameter of 1µm. Conclusion. TK1 is more sensitive than imaging.
M-cell Targeting Acid-resistant Oral Vaccine Delivery for Immunization Against Hepatitis B Infection Using Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Saraf Surendra , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Jain Shailesh , Mallick Subrata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Viral infection caused by Hepatitis B is transmitted by permucosal or parenteral exposure and also one of the prime causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Objectives: M-cell targeting acid-resistant oral vaccine delivery have been formulated for immunization against Hepatitis B infection. Methods: Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) were prepared utilizing solvent injection technique. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded alginate coated cSLNs were anchored with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SDS-PAGE was performed to evaluate acid degradation protection of prepared formulation. Induction of immunity produced by prepared nanoparticle for Hepatitis B was determined on female Balb/c mice followed by ELISA assays for assessing anti-HBsAg IgG/IgA antibodies in mucosal fluids. Results: Sustained release of HBsAg (60.66 %) has been exhibited from alginate coated cSLNs in comparison to cSLNs without alginate coating (97.72 %) after 48 h. The production of anti-HBs titer in intestinal, salivary and vaginal secretions was 3.41 IU/ml, 3.1 IU/ml and 2.51 IU/ml respectively in comparison to the control group. Integrity of the M-cells has been maintained after binding with SLN, and oral administration delivered the antigen to the desired site of gut. Conclusion: It was found effective in producing antibodies in mucosal immunization against Hepatitis B virus. So, this formulation could be used as a promising alternative preexisting vaccine to prevent Hepatitis B infection.
Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): First report from India and utility of risk score for diagnosis in resource limited settings.
Authors: John Christy , Kumar Rajesh , Sivan Anil Kumar , Jithin Sangeetha , Abraham Rojin , Philip Chepsy C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but devastating adverse event following adenoviral vector based vaccinations for COVID-19. Guidance statements and available reports lack clarity on the choice of imaging modalities and emphasize on the need for specialized tests as a requisite criterion. Such tests have practical limitations of availability likely to restrict the treatment and reporting of such catastrophic events and need reconsideration. We describe two young men with VITT who had no other contributory cause besides a recent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. They were treated with IVIG and full dose anticoagulation. In both our cases the primary neuroimaging was normal and the recommended PF-4 testing was not reported due to technical limitations. Diagnosis was based on a 4T inspired score. Clinicians should report and though counter intuitive; not delay the institution of full dose anticoagulation, IVIG and limit platelet transfusion in the appropriate setting.
Retrograde Island Flap Bridge Transfer of Adjacent Phalangeal Artery Combined With Vascular Pedicle Tubular Skin Grafting to Repair Finger Pulp Defect
Authors: Du Weibin , Zhu Fangbing , Hou Qiao , Hong Shenghu , Ren Guohua , Chen Cheng , Zhang Zhijing , Yang Jun , Zhuang Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the surgical method and therapeutic effect of retrograde island flap bridge transfer of adjacent phalangeal artery combined with vascular pedicle tubular skin grafting to repair finger pulp defect.Methods: From June 2008 to May 2020, 14 patients (16 fingers) with severe contusion of proximal and middle phalangeal body combined with finger pulp defect, and 5 patients (5 fingers) with finger pulp defect more than distal interphalangeal joint were repaired by retrograde island flap bridge transfer of adjacent phalangeal artery combined with vascular pedicle tubular skin grafting. The dorsal branch of digital nerve was carried in the skin flap for anastomosis with the proper nerve at the stump of the injured finger. The donor area was covered with medium thickness skin of abdominal or elbow transverse stripes, and the vascular pedicle was wrapped with tubular skin. The pedicle was severed 16-22 days after surgery. The survival rate and complications of postoperative flaps were observed. The finger function was evaluated by the Michigan functional questionnaire and Dagan functional criteria, and the clinical effect was evaluated. Result: All flaps survived and all patients were followed up for a period of 6 to 46 months. The skin flap of the affected finger was of good texture, and the appearance was naturally not bloated. The two-point discrimination was 7 ~ 11mm, and no obvious complications were observed in the donor area. Evaluation of the Michigan Hand Function Questionnaire: Nineteen patients were satisfied with the overall appearance and function of the hand. Finger joint Dargan function evaluation: excellent in 15 cases, good in 4 cases.Conclusions: It is a safe and effective operation to repair finger pulp defect with the retrograde island flap of adjacent finger artery combined with vascular pedicle tubular skin grafting. the skin flap has the advantages of simple cutting, good texture and concealed donor area, which is convenient for the early functional exercise of the finger body.
Icariin Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats
Authors: Aljehani Abeer A. , Albadr Nawal A. , Nasrullah Mohammed Z. , Neamatallah Thikryat , Eid Basma G , Abdel-Naim Ashraf B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an immense health issue that causes serious complications in aging males with MetS. Icariin (ICA) is a flavonol glycoside that exerts a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present investigation tested the potential of ICA to ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by MetS in rats. Animals were allocated to 5 groups in which the first and second groups were kept on water and regular food pellets. MetS was induced in the third, fourth and fifth groups by keeping the animals on high fructose and salt diets for twelve consecutive weeks. These groups were given vehicle, ICA (25 mg/kg) and ICA (50 mg/kg) respectively. MetS was confirmed by the apparent increase in rats’ weight, accumulation of visceral fat, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This was accompanied by signs of BPH including increased prostate weight, prostate index and histopathological alterations. Treating the animals with both doses of ICA significantly ameliorated the raise in weight and index of the prostate as well as prostate histopathology. In addition, ICA significantly decreased cyclin D1 expression, up-regulated Bax and down-regulated Bcl2 mRNA expression. ICA prevented lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and catalase (CAT) exhaustion, which further lowered inflammatory markers of the prostate such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, ICA prevented the decrease in prostate content of phosphorylated 5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (pAMPK). In conclusion, ICA protects against MetS-induced BPH. This is due to its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as the activation of AMPK.
Total Knee Arthroplasty to Treat Acute Knee Dislocation Associated With Osteoarthritis: a Case Report
Authors: Xiong Huazhang , Li Yuwan , Yu Hao , Jin Ying , Xiong Wei , Peng Jiachen , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Knee dislocation (KD) is a common disease in the young people. It is rare to report treatment of the KD associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in the old population. In this case report, we present two cases in which total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed to treat acute KD associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in two female patients. Methods: The two patients underwent knee injuries and limited range of motion (ROM). After diagnosing acute KD, including KD II and KD III-M, associated with OA with X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations, we considered TKA to be the best management.Results: TKA was successfully used to treat acute KD associated with OA, and the patients achieved significant improvements in their clinical and functional outcomes.Conclusion: Acute KD associated with OA could be an indication for TKA. However, early TKA procedures can lead to a risk of arthrofibrosis and joint stiffness.Level of evidence V.
Attenuation of Trauma-induced Osteoarthritis by Repetitive Intra-articular Administration of Peripheral Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lin Weiping , Yang Zhengmeng , Shi Liu , Wang Haixing , Pan Qi , Zhang Xiaoting , Lin Sien , Li Gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral bone hardening, and inflammation of the whole synovial joint. There is no pharmacological treatment in slowing down OA progression, leading to costly surgical interventions eventually. Cell therapy using chondrocytes or progenitor cells from different sources has been reported in clinical trials for OA management with some success, but outcomes are varied. Peripheral blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) are promising cells owing to their easy collection, superior migration, and differentiation potentials. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of intra-articular administration of PB-MSCs on the progression of OA in mice.Methods: C57BL/6J mice (8-10 weeks old male) were subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus surgeries (DMM) on their right joints following protocols as previously reported. The mice after DMM were randomly treated with saline (vehicle control), PB-MSCs, or adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) (n = 7 per group). The mice treated with sham surgery were regarded as sham controls (n = 7). PB-MSCs and AD-MSCs were harvested and cultured according to previous published protocols, and pre-labeled with BrdU for 48 h before use. PB-MSCs or AD-MSCs (5 × 105 cells/mouse; passage 3~5) were injected into the right knee joints thrice post-surgery (except sham surgery group). The mice were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery and knee joint samples were collected for micro-CT and histological examinations.Results: PB-MSCs administration significantly reduced hardening of subchondral bone comparing to vehicle controls. Safranin O staining showed that PB-MSCs treatment ameliorated degeneration of articular cartilage, which is comparable to AD-MSCs treatment. The expression of catabolic marker MMP13 was significantly reduced in articular cartilage of PB-MSCs-treated groups comparing to vehicle controls. Co-expression of BrdU and Sox9 were detected, indicating injected PB-MSCs differentiated towards chondrocytes in situ. Reduced level of IL-6 in the peripheral sera of PB-MSCs- and AD-MSCs-treated mice was also determined. Conclusions: Repetitive administration of PB-MSCs or AD-MSCs halted OA progression through inhibiting cartilage degradation and inflammation. PB-MSCs may become a promising cell source for cartilage tissue repair and alleviation of OA progression.
Aberrant Visual-Related Networks in Familial Cortical Myoclonic Tremor with Epilepsy
Authors: Wang Haotian , Wang Bo , Cen Zhidong , Wang Jue , Zang Yu-Feng , Yang Dehao , Ding Yao , Wang Shuang , Wu Sheng , Luo Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy, photic stimulation can trigger visual-related symptoms and induce a photoparoxysmal response on electroencephalography. This is known as photosensitivity. To explore the mechanism of prominent visual-related symptoms and photosensitivity in patients with genetically confirmed familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and electroencephalography data were collected from 31 patients carrying the heterozygous pathogenic intronic pentanucleotide (TTTCA)n insertion in the sterile alpha motif domain-containing 12 gene and from 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: (1) Both regional homogeneity and degree centrality values in the bilateral calcarine sulcus were significantly increased in patients compared with HCs. (2) When the calcarine sulcus area with increased regional homogeneity was taken as a seed, increased functional connectivity values were observed in the right precentral gyrus, while decreased functional connectivity values were observed in the right superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule. (3) independent component analysis showed increased connectivity in the left calcarine sulcus inside the medial visual network. (4) Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation between regional homogeneity values and frequency of seizure, and photoparoxysmal response grades were positively correlated with the severity of cortical tremor and duration of epilepsy. The findings provide strong evidence for the interpretation of visual-related symptoms and photosensitivity in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy and may also relate to other epilepsy syndromes with photosensitivity. We speculate the significant functional change in primary visual cortex probably an imaging biomarker for the disease.
An e-Learning Course on the Patient-Centered Approach to Colorectal Cancer Screening: GPs First Choice!
Authors: Aïm-Eusébi Amélie , Bouziane Antoinette , Sekri Karima , Clary Bernard , Freche Bernard , Breton Julien Le , Aubin-Auger Isabelle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. During the period 2017-2018, in France, 32.1% of the eligible population completed screening, which is under the acceptable uptake rate. The FORCEPS study aimed to test whether a training program focused on improving general practitioners’ (GPs’) communication skills could increase their patients’ CRC screening rate. Our study reports on the construction of, participation in and evaluation of the e-learning training program tested in the FORCEPS study.METHODS: An interdisciplinary team designed an e-learning program for French GPs on the Moodle® platform. Learning activities related to the stated learning objectives and interactive approaches were specified. Two sessions took place, in May and November 2018. The training lasted 6 weeks. RESULTS: In all, 116 GPs registered for the training program. Seventy per cent of the GPs who registered for the first session opted to follow the training via e-learning rather than in person. Among the participants, 36.0% followed the training in its entirety during session 1, as did 24.0% during session 2. At the end of the training, none of the participating GPs self-assessed themselves as a “novice”, and the number of GPs self-assessing as “intermediate” or “experienced” increased. Overall, 62.9% of the participants were generally satisfied with the e-learning course.CONCLUSIONS: The web-based program focused on improving GPs’ communication skills to encourage CRC screening was chosen by a large majority of the participating GPs and received positive reviews. While GPs’ theoretical knowledge can be improved through our training program, it remains to be seen whether or not this will be reflected in their everyday practice, thus resulting in an increased CRC screening participation rate among patients.
Cy3-ATP Labeling of Unfixed, Permeabilized Hair Cells
Authors: Pacentine Itallia V. , Barr-Gillespie Peter G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ATP-utilizing enzymes play key roles in hair bundles, the mechanically sensitive organelles of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. We used a fluorescent ATP analog, EDA-ATP-Cy3 (Cy3-ATP), to label ATP-binding proteins in two different preparations of unfixed hair-cell stereocilia. In the first preparation, we lightly permeabilized dissected cochleas, then labeled them with Cy3-ATP. Hair cells and their stereocilia remained intact, and stereocilia tips in rows 1 and 2 were labeled particularly strongly with Cy3-ATP. Co-application with vanadate (VO43-) enhanced the tip labeling, which is consistent with myosin isoforms being responsible; by contrast, the actin polymerization inhibitors latrunculin A and cytochalasin D had no effect, suggesting that actin turnover at stereocilia tips was not involved. Cy3-ATP labeling was substantially reduced—but did not disappear altogether—in mutant cochleas lacking MYO15A; by contrast, labeling remained robust in cochleas lacking MYO7A. In the second preparation, used to quantify Cy3-ATP labeling, we labeled vestibular stereocilia that had been adsorbed to glass, which demonstrated that tip labeling was higher in longer stereocilia. We found that tip signal was reduced by ~50% in Myo15ash2/sh2 stereocilia as compared to Myo15ash2/+ stereocilia of the same length range. These results suggest that MYO15A accounts for a substantial fraction of the Cy3-ATP tip labeling in vestibular hair cells, and so this novel preparation could be utilized to examine the control of MYO15A ATPase activity in situ.
Maraviroc, An Inhibitor of Chemokine Receptor Type 5, Alleviates Neuroinflammatory Response after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Regulating JNK Signaling
Authors: Chen Beilei , Cao Pingping , Guo Xin , Li Xiaobo , Jiang Li , Lian Xiongfeng , Chen Xin , Jiang Chao , Tao Luhang , Yu Hailong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key factor that contributes to the secondary injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Chemokine receptor type 5(CCR5) has shown its pro-inflammatory effects during central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in CI/R injury is still unclear. In this study, we administered maraviroc (MVC,APEXBIO,UK-427857), a CCR5 antagonist, to the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) mice. In vivo studies showed that MVC was successively intraperitoneally (i.p.) with different doses (5, 20, or 50 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days after mice MCAO. MVC showed its neuroprotective effects in alleviating neurological deficits and infarct volumes after MCAO. The level of apoptosis and inflammation were remarkably decreased by MVC treatment after CI/R injury. Subsequently, primary microglia were stimulated with different doses of MVC (0.2, 2, 20 or 200nM) for 12h after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model (OGD/R) in vitro. MVC significantly increased the viability of primary microglia after (OGD/R). The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in microglia were down-regulated by MVC treatment. Mechanistically, MVC also inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 by microglia after OGD stimulation. Furthermore, the key components of NF-κB pathway were measured in vivo and in vitro after MCAO and OGD. MVC significantly inhibited the activity of NF-κB pathway in the above pathological environments. Finally, our data indicated that MVC treatment decreased the activation of JNK signaling pathway after CI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The JNK activator anisomycin (AN，Beyotime，SC0132-5mg) reversed the neuroprotective effects of MVC, indicating that the JNK pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of MVC in CI/R injury. Our data demonstrated that CCR5 inhibition exhibits neuroprotective effects after CI/R injury. MVC, which is widely used for HIV treatment by its anti-virus effect, is a potential drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the future clinical trials.
Robust Error Estimation Based on Factor-Graph Models for Non-Line-of-Sight Localization
Authors: Vanli O. Arda , Taylor Clark N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method to estimate the covariances of the inputs in a factor-graph formulation for localization under non-line-of-sight conditions. A general solution, based on covariance estimation and M estimators in linear regression problems, is presented that is shown to give unbiased estimators of multiple variances and are robust against outliers. An iteratively re-weighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm is proposed to jointly compute the proposed variance estimators and the state estimates for the non-linear factor graph optimization. The efficacy of the method is illustrated in a simulation study using a robot localization problem under various process and measurement models and measurement outlier scenarios. A case study involving a Global Positioning System (GPS) based localization in an urban environment and data containing multipath problems demonstrates the application of the proposed technique.
Forward Dynamic Solution and Optimization of a 1-DOF Parallel Mechanism for Vibrating Screen
Authors: Xiao Si-Jin , Wu Guang-Lei , Li Ju , Shen Hui-Ping , Yang Ting-Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the ordered single-open-chain (SOC) method in combination with the principle of virtual work is adopted to model and solve the forward dynamics of a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism (PM), featuring one translation and two rotations (1T2R), which is applied in spatial vibrating screen (i.e., parallel vibrating screen mechanism, PVSM). Afterwards, the dynamic performances of the PVSM is optimized using differential evolution algorithm. Based on the kinematics of the PM, the forward dynamic model is derived and the dynamic response equation is built, of which the coefficient matrix is determined by means of the generalized velocity equation. Moreover, the Euler method was adopted to solve the numerical solution of the differential equation of motion to characterize the motion law and dynamics of the screen surface of the PVSM, which is verified with ADAMS simulation. With the parametric model, the dynamic optimization of PVSM is carried out to maximize the energy transfer efficiency, subject to the constraints on the link mass. The comparison of the dynamic performances of the PVSM with and without optimization reveals the improvement of the PM.