bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAS1 is required for NOTCH-dependent facilitation of SHH signaling in the ventral forebrain neuroepithelium
Authors: Marczenke Maike , Sunaga-Franze Daniele Yumi , Popp Oliver , Althaus Irene W. , Sauer Sascha , Mertins Philipp , Christ Annabel , Allen Benjamin L. , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1) acts as a co-receptor to patched 1, promoting sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling in the developing nervous system. GAS1 mutations in humans and animal models result in forebrain and craniofacial malformations, defects ascribed to a function for GAS1 in SHH signaling during early neurulation. Here, we confirm loss of SHH activity in the forebrain neuroepithelium in GAS1-deficient mice and in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell models of human neuroepithelial differentiation. However, our studies document that this defect can be attributed, at least in part, to a novel role for GAS1 in facilitating NOTCH signaling, which is essential to sustain a persistent SHH activity domain in the forebrain neuroepithelium. GAS1 directly binds NOTCH1, enhancing ligand-induced processing of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain, which drives NOTCH pathway activity in the developing forebrain. Our findings identify a unique role for GAS1 in integrating NOTCH and SHH signal reception in neuroepithelial cells, and they suggest that loss of GAS1-dependent NOTCH1 activation contributes to forebrain malformations in individuals carrying GAS1 mutations.
Effectiveness of SPECT/CT Imaging for Sentinel Node Biopsy Staging of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Moncrieff Marc , Pywell Sarah , Snelling Andrew , Gray Matthew , Newman David , Beadsmoore Clare , Pawaroo Davina , Heaton Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Coregistered SPECT/CT can improve accuracy of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for staging melanoma. This benefit has implications for pathology services and surgical practice with increased diagnostic and surgical workload. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of SPECT/CT imaging.

Methods
SNB data were collected over a 10-year period. Preoperative SLN mapping was performed by using planar lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) for all patients (n = 1522) and after October 2015, patients underwent a second co-registered SPECT/CT scan (n = 559). The patients were stratified according to the imaging protocol. The number of nodes and nodal basins were assessed. The reasons for cancellation also were assessed.

Results
A total of 95% (1446/1522) of patients underwent a successful SNB procedure. Significantly more sentinel nodes were identified by the SPECT/CT protocol (3 vs. 2; p < 0.0001). More patients were cancelled in the SPECT/CT cohort (9.3% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.0001). Head & neck, lower limb, and AJCC IB primaries were significantly less likely to proceed to SNB. SPECT/CT identified significantly more positive SNBs (20.9% vs. 16.5%; p = 0.038). SPECT/CT imaging was associated with improved disease-free (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–1.0); p = 0.048) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.3–0.78; p = 0.003). Patients who did not proceed to SNB had a significantly increased nodal relapse rate (23.5% vs. 6.8%; HR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.9–6.2; p < 0.0001) compared with those who underwent SNB.

Conclusions
This large cohort study confirms the increased accuracy of SPECT/CT for identifying SLN metastases, which would appear to have a significant therapeutic benefit, although an increased risk of cancellation of the SNB procedure on the day of surgery.
Consistency as a Means to Comparability: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Fang Vivian W. , Iselin Michael , Zhang Gaoqing 
Published: October 2021

This paper studies financial statement consistency — the purported means to comparability — from an information perspective. We model consistency as firms’ required propensity to apply common accounting methods to individual transactions and show that consistency creates information spillover through correlated measurements (“spillover channel”) while potentially reducing the informativeness of one’s own report (“standalone channel”). The model generates two central predictions. First, optimal consistency decreases with a transaction’s fundamental correlation as high correlation diminishes information gains via the spillover channel. Second, optimal consistency decreases with a transaction’s fundamental volatility as high volatility exacerbates information losses via the standalone channel. Empirical evidence supports both predictions. Overall, this paper contributes a framework for studying comparability and draws useful policy implications. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Motor Influences on Communication: Comparisons Between Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Will Elizabeth A. , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Motor skills, an important foundation for language and communication, are considerably delayed in children with Down syndrome (DS) and fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, the impact of these impairments on expressive and receptive communication and the phenotypic specificity of these associations remains unknown. Participants included 37 with DS and 37 age and developmentally matched children with FXS. Syndrome-specific motor and communication profiles emerged, with higher communication scores seen in the DS versus FXS on, but lower gross motor scores. Significant associations between domains of motor and communication were identified for both groups with additional phenotype-specific patterns. Findings demonstrate the importance of early motor abilities for communication in DS and FXS. Implications for phenotypic specificity and targeted intervention are discussed.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists partnering with community residents: A national survey in Japan
Authors: Kambayashi Dan , Manabe Toshie , Kawade Yoshihiro , Hirohara Masayoshi 
Published: October 2021

Background
Community pharmacists play an important role in reducing COVID-19-related secondary health problems. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists in Japan have not yet been elucidated.

Methods
We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey among 1,137 pharmacists working in health support pharmacies (HSPs) in Japan. These pharmacists are responsible for providing health consultations to community residents. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP among pharmacists and compared the results for two age groups: ≤49 years and ≥50 years. We used multiple regression analysis to examine which factors influence KAP scores regarding COVID-19.

Results
From among the 2,141 HSPs in Japan, a total of 1,137 pharmacists, each representing a different HSP, responded to the survey. The results indicated that since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists have been providing consultations about COVID-19 to local residents, covering topics such as “Effective infection prevention methods” (60.6%) and “What the COVID-19 pandemic would be” (48.8%). Importantly, 73.5% of the pharmacists felt they “did not have enough information about COVID-19.” The main information resources about COVID-19 were Internet (91.2%) and television (78.9%). Across all respondents, the mean knowledge score (4.17/10) was lower than the mean scores for attitudes (7.26/10) and practices (5.79/10). Multiple regression analysis showed that having enough information about COVID-19 was a factor strongly associated with total KAP scores (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval, −1.344 to −0.540).

Conclusions
Pharmacists working in community pharmacies provide residents with information related to COVID-19. In this role as a health partner, these pharmacists need a way to strengthen and expand their knowledge, and moreover, their ability to support community residents. Learning more about the available academic and scientific information, as well as having access to accurate epidemiological information, can offer a means of reaching these goals.
Long-term prognostic value of computed tomography-based attenuation correction on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging: A cohort study
Authors: Huang Jei-Yie , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Huang Chun-Kai , Liu Chia-Ju , Cheng Mei-Fang , Chien Kuo-Liong , Wu Yen-Wen 
Published: October 2021

Background
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a well-established diagnostic tool to evaluate coronary artery disease (CAD) and also an effective prognostic tool for patients with CAD. However, few studies investigated the prognostic value of attenuation correction (AC) in MPI, and the results were controversial.

Objectives
To investigate the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT)-based AC thallium-201 (Tl-201) MPI.

Methods
A total of 108 consecutive patients who underwent Tl-201 MPI and received coronary angiography within 90 days were included. Medical records were reviewed and missing information was completed after telephone contact. The prognostic value was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 7.72 ± 3.72 years, 27 patients had died, 41 had been readmitted for cardiovascular (CV)-related events and 44 had reached the composite of death plus CV-related re-admission. Kaplan-Meier curves for all-cause mortality for SSS with a cutoff value of 13 for AC and 16 for non-AC (NAC) images showed a significant difference between the two curves for both AC and NAC images (p = 0.011 for AC and p = 0.021 for NAC). In the multivariable model, SSS and SRS showed similar independent predictive values in predicting all-cause mortality and composite of all-cause mortality plus CV-related re-admission, in both AC and NAC images. Subgroup analysis implicated that AC MPI possibly provided better risk stratification in obese patients.

Conclusion
CT-based AC and NAC MPI showed similar value and were the only significant predictors for the composite of mortality and CV events.
Risk factors assessment for radiographically guided port implantations with forearm access
Authors: Nadjiri Jonathan , Geith Tobias , Waggershauser Tobias , Forster Stephan , Paprottka Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Port implantations at the forearm are associated with an increased risk of relevant vein thrombosis. Therefore, with this study we sought to identify the responsible risk factors to improve technical quality of the method.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 313 patients with port implantation at the forearm in 2019. Then, exploratory statistics were conducted comprising Cox-Regression and Kaplan-Meier-Analyses.

Results
Mean age was 60 ± 14 years. 232 (74%) of the patients were female. No early infection was observed. 29 late infections and 57 cases of thrombosis occurred. In only 9% of the patients with thrombosis hospital admission was necessary for treatment. Median interval to the diagnosis of thrombosis was 23 days; inter-quartile-range: 16–75. Mean interval to elective port explantation was 227 ± 128 days. There was no effect of occurrence of thrombosis of the interventionalist, the assistance nor of several technical aspects. However, there was a significantly lower risk of thrombosis for primary implanted port system compared to replacement ports, Hazard-ratio: 0.34 [Confidence interval: 0.172, 0.674], p = 0.002. Age was a significant risk factor for late infections, Hazard-ratio: 3.35 [Confidence interval:1.84, 6.07], p < 0.0001.

Conclusion
The main risk factor for adverse outcome after radiographically guided port implantation at the forearm is the type of the implanted port system. The reason for that might not be the material itself but the experience of a team with a certain port system. Age is a risk factor for late complications.
Reperfusion After Fibrinolytic Therapy (RAFT): An open-label, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of bivalirudin versus heparin in rescue percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Faour Amir , Collins Nicholas , Williams Trent , Khan Arshad , Juergens Craig P. , Lo Sidney , Walters Darren L. , Chew Derek P. , French John K. 
Published: October 2021

Background
The safety and efficacy profile of bivalirudin has not been examined in a randomised controlled trial of patients undergoing rescue PCI.

Objectives
We conducted an open-label, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial to compare bivalirudin with heparin ± glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in patients undergoing rescue PCI.

Methods
Between 2010–2015, we randomly assigned 83 patients undergoing rescue PCI to bivalirudin (n = 42) or heparin ± GPIs (n = 41). The primary safety endpoint was any ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) bleeding at 90 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was infarct size measured by peak troponin levels as a multiple of the local upper reference limit (Tn/URL). Secondary endpoints included periprocedural change in haemoglobin adjusted for red cells transfused, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) bleeding, ST-segment recovery and infarct size determined by the Selvester QRS score.

Results
The trial was terminated due to slow recruitment and futility after an interim analysis of 83 patients. The primary safety endpoint occurred in 6 (14%) patients in the bivalirudin group (4.8% GPIs) and 3 (7.3%) in the heparin ± GPIs group (54% GPIs) (risk ratio, 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–7.3, P = 0.48). Infarct size was similar between the two groups (mean Tn/URL, 730 [±675] for bivalirudin, versus 984 [±1585] for heparin ± GPIs, difference, 254, 95% CI, -283-794, P = 0.86). There was a smaller decrease in the periprocedural haemoglobin level with bivalirudin than heparin ± GPIs (-7.5% [±15] versus -14% [±17], difference, -6.5%, 95% CI, -0.83–14, P = 0.0067). The rate of complete (≥70%) ST-segment recovery post-PCI was higher in patients randomised to heparin ± GPIs compared with bivalirudin.

Conclusions
Whether bivalirudin compared with heparin ± GPI reduces bleeding in rescue PCI could not be determined. Slow recruitment and futility in the context of lower-than-expected bleeding event rates led to the termination of this trial (ANZCTR.org.au, ACTRN12610000152022).
Characterizing epidemiology of prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension in Qataris: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Thani Mohammed H. , Al-Mutawa Kholood A. , Alyafei Salah A. , Ijaz Muhammad A. , Khalifa Shamseldin A. H. , Kokku Suresh B. , Mishra Amit C. M. , Poovelil Benjamin V. , Soussi Mounir B. , Toumi Amine A. , Dargham Soha R. , Awad Susanne F. , Abu-Raddad Laith J. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
To characterize the epidemiologic profiles of prediabetes mellitus (preDM), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HTN) in Qataris using the nationally representative 2012 Qatar STEPwise Survey.

Methods
A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey that included 2,497 Qatari nationals aged 18–64 years. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were conducted.

Results
Prevalence of preDM, DM, and HTN in Qataris aged 18–64 years was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.6%-14.7%), 10.4% (95% CI 8.4%-12.9%), and 32.9% (95% CI 30.4%-35.6%), respectively. Age was the common factor associated with the three conditions. Adjusted analyses showed that unhealthy diet (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.84, 95% CI 1.01–3.36) was significantly associated with preDM; that physical inactivity (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.12–2.46), central obesity (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.02–4.26), and HTN (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.40–3.38) were significantly associated with DM; and that DM (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.34–3.22) was significantly associated with HTN. Population attributable fraction of preDM associated with unhealthy diet was 7.7%; of DM associated with physical inactivity, central obesity, and HTN, respectively, was 14.9%, 39.8%, and 17.5%; and of HTN associated with DM was 3.0%.

Conclusions
One in five Qataris is living with either preDM or DM, and one in three is living with HTN, conditions that were found to be primarily driven by lifestyle factors. Prevention, control, and management of these conditions should be a national priority to reduce their disease burden and associated disease sequelae.
The Context of Suffering
Authors: Church Ian , Warchol Isaac , Barrett Justin 
Published: October 2021

While the evidential problem of evil has been enormously influential within the contemporary philosophical literature—William Rowe’s 1979 formulation in “The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism” being the most seminal—no academic research has explored what cognitive mechanisms might underwrite the appearance of pointlessness in target examples of suffering. In this exploratory paper, we show that the perception of pointlessness in the target examples of suffering that underwrite Rowe’s seminal formulation of the problem of evil is contingent on the absence of broader context. In other words, we show that when such suffering is presented alongside broader contextual information, the appearance of pointlessness, on average, significantly diminishes. In §1 we briefly elucidate Rowe’s formulation of the problem of evil and the thought experiment that motivates a key premise. In §2 and §3 respectively, we briefly explain our hypothesis regarding Rowe’s case and our methods for testing these hypotheses. In §4, we elucidate our results, and in §5 we explore some of the philosophical implications of our findings and gesture towards some areas for future research. Finally, in §6, we briefly connect our research to some of the established philosophical literature on suffering and narrative before concluding.
Las voces del Cedid: niñas y niños abriéndose camino hacia la participación
Authors: González Rodríguez Paula Jimena , Pulido Velásquez Shirley Yisela 
Published: October 2021

El escenario de la presente reflexión es la escuela. Específicamente una de las instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Bogotá, de la cual se indagaron sus prácticas, momentos, modos y formas cómo los niños y las niñas se expresan; al mismo tiempo la forma en que participan en la toma de decisiones dentro de esta. Es así, como a través del análisis de las significaciones imaginarias sociales instituidas e instituyentes, veremos que lentamente emergen las voces de la infancia como un acto revolucionario para toda la comunidad educativa, pero sobre todo cómo se van transformando las dinámicas, las relaciones y sujetos en torno al fortalecimiento de su autonomía y conciencia colectiva.
Kamino
Authors: Ge Chang , Mohapatra Shubhankar , He Xi , Ilyas Ihab F. 
Published: October 2021

Organizations are increasingly relying on data to support decisions. When data contains private and sensitive information, the data owner often desires to publish a synthetic database instance that is similarly useful as the true data, while ensuring the privacy of individual data records. Existing differentially private data synthesis methods aim to generate useful data based on applications, but they fail in keeping one of the most fundamental data properties of the structured data --- the underlying correlations and dependencies among tuples and attributes (i.e., the structure of the data). This structure is often expressed as integrity and schema constraints, or with a probabilistic generative process. As a result, the synthesized data is not useful for any downstream tasks that require this structure to be preserved.
This work presents KAMINO, a data synthesis system to ensure differential privacy and to preserve the structure and correlations present in the original dataset. KAMINO takes as input of a database instance, along with its schema (including integrity constraints), and produces a synthetic database instance with differential privacy and structure preservation guarantees. We empirically show that while preserving the structure of the data, KAMINO achieves comparable and even better usefulness in applications of training classification models and answering marginal queries than the state-of-the-art methods of differentially private data synthesis.
Research on the traditional zoning, evolution, and integrated conservation of village cultural landscapes based on “production-living-ecology spaces” – A case study of villages in Meicheng, Guangdong, China
Authors: Sun Ying , Ou Quanfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing traditional remains and the evolution of cultural landscapes as bases for overall protection and “production-living-ecology spaces” (PLE spaces) as carriers, we have established a regional and holistic research path, “evaluation – zoning – zone evolution – integrated conservation,” to cultural landscape protection. The traditional cultural landscape of more than 97% of all administrative villages in Meicheng was evaluated, and the overall Hakka cultural landscape was divided into three zones of low, medium, and high traditional values. The study found that the different impacts of urbanization on geographical space were leading contributors to the generation of different spatial zones. To accommodate the evolving trends of the zones, three conservation modes and their corresponding protection strategies have been proposed: construction with traditional elements; parallel conservation and development; and authenticity preservation. Meanwhile, the regional artery-tributary pattern has been constructed to foster interconnection across hubs, artery-tributary systems, and different zones. Cultural tourism routes should be established, and regional courier roads and greenways should be linked, to ensure the alignment of traditional landscape networks with modern Hakka cultural landscape networks, featuring traditional elements to facilitate integrated regional conservation of the Hakka cultural landscape.
Studies of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber/butyl reclaimed rubber (XNBR/BRR) blends for shoe soles application
Authors: Abidin Zafirah Zainal , Mamauod Siti Nur Liyana , Khooi Darren , Sarkawi Siti Salina , Ismail Hanafi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rising environmental issues and huge disposal of rubber waste have resulted in an increased interest in the usage of reclaimed rubber (RR) to produce sustainable and environmental friendly applications. In this study, incorporation of butyl reclaimed rubber into carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR/BRR) was carried out where the loadings of each XNBR and BRR were varied. The rubber was cured with sulphur during the melt mixing using a two-roll mill. This study is aimed to investigate the applied BRR loading towards the physical and mechanical properties of the XNBRcompounds. The results appeared that the optimum cure time (T90) increased and curing rate index (CRI) showed that a faster curing reaction with the increase in the content of BRR where the T90 had an increment of 89% while the CRI was faster by 89%. As for the crosslink density which indicates the density of chains or segments in polymer network, it decreased about 20% with increasing level of BRR. Also, the compression set which refers to the ability of rubber to resist permanent deformation, had an increase of 73% as the loading ratio of BRR increased. These results were obtained due to the low molecular weight of the BRR where the high shear and temperature during the reclamation process severely breaks down the molecular chains of the BRR into shorter segments. With the results obtained, it is shown that reclaimed rubber has the potential for further development and could increase the interest of researchers all around the world in the incorporation of reclaimed rubber for footwear application.