bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitators and Barriers to the Regulation of Medical Cannabis: A Scoping Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature
Authors: Ruheel Mohammad Ali , Gomes Zoya , Usman Sana , Homayouni Pargol , Ng Jeremy Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent decades, several political, legislative, and judicial processes around the world have advanced legalization efforts for the use of medical cannabis (MC). As MC usage evolves through legislative reform, with an increase in public acceptance and therapeutic potential, a need exists to further investigate the facilitators and barriers to MC regulation.Methods: A scoping review was conducted to identify the facilitators and barriers associated with the implementation of international MC regulations. MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched. Eligible articles included primary studies that evaluated the MC regulatory framework of one or more countries globally.Results: Twenty-two articles were deemed eligible and included in this review. Themes identified include: (1) effects of conflicts, mindset and ideology of state population, (2) the use of comparisons to analyze MC regulation, and (3) the need for more knowledge, advice and empirical/clinical evidence to inform future MC policies.Conclusion: We identified a number of facilitators and barriers to MC regulation and provide a holistic overview of what factors are proposed to affect MC regulation. In recognizing that the evidence-base surrounding MC, MC usage among patients, and general societal acceptance of MC are all increasing across many parts of the globe, our review allows for relevant stakeholders to better understand these facilitators and barriers to inform future MC policy making.
GPX7 is Identified as a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG): Evidence from a Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Yang Yin , Zhang Luyu , Wang Yingying , Wang Tianpei , Sun Ye , Cao Jingjing , Qi Meng , Du Xiaoping , Xia Zengrun , Zhang Rongqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7), a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, is located near the endoplasmic reticulum. Various studies have reported the involvement of GPX7 in cancer disease progression. However, the expression patterns of GPX7 and its prognostic potential have not been evaluated from a pan-cancer perspective. Moreover, the relationship between GPX7 and prognosis in Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) patients remains unclear.Methods: Expression levels of GPX7 were evaluated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Kaplan-Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) were used to evaluate the effect of GPX7 on clinical prognosis in TCGA tumors. Correlations between GPX7 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site and Estimating the Proportions of Immune and Cancer cells (EPIC) algorithm. In addition, the GEPIA2 and STRING websites were used for enrichment analysis of GPX7-related genes. Finally, we constructed a prognostic Nomogram for LGG to verify the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients.Results: GPX7 was found to be overexpressed in multiple tumors. Elevated expression levels of GPX7 were associated with poor prognosis regarding OS, disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of LGG patients (OS Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.044, p < 0.0001; DFS HR = 1.035, p < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.045, p < 0.0001). Concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram for LGG was 0.845 (95% CI, 0.825 to 0.865; p < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited a better predictability. In addition, GPX7 expression and the abundance of Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were positively correlated in most cancer types. Enrichment analysis revealed that GPX7 may be involved in the glutathione derivative biosynthetic and glutathione metabolic biological processes.Conclusion: GPX7 was found to be upregulated in multiple tumors, which was correlated with poor prognosis in LGG. Therefore, GPX7 is a potential prognostic indicator for LGG. There is a strong correlation between GPX7 expression levels and glutathione metabolic pathways. GPX7 holds promise for the use of glutathione metabolism for guided therapy in cancer patients.
A Multimodal Opioid-Sparing Pain Management Following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lacko Marek , Matuška Martin , Foľvarský Martin , Gharaibeh Ahmad , Lacková Antónia , Polan Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study is to compare pain scores, opioid consumption, and range of motion of the operated knee after total knee replacement (TKR) in the 10-day follow-up period between a traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol and a multimodal opioid-sparing treatment protocol.
Methods

This prospective, randomized, single-center study included 90 patients (24 men and 66 women; mean age 69.7 ± 7.2 years) undergoing TKR for osteoarthritis between October 2019 and October 2020. Patients were randomized into 3 cohorts for comparison: traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol (n = 30), multimodal opioid-sparing pain management protocol (n = 30), and traditional opioid-containing pain management protocol with additional local infiltration analgesia (LIA). Changes in visual analog scale for pain (VAS), range of motion (ROM), and opioid consumption were compared between groups.
Results

A lower mean postoperative VAS score was observed in the opioid-sparing cohort, which was statistically significant at all time points compared with the traditional cohorts. Mean total morphine consumption was significantly lower in the opioid-sparing cohort (2.7 ± 5.8 MMEs) compared to the traditional (14.0 ± 14.8 MMEs) and traditional with LIA cohorts (8.3 ± 9.5 MMEs; p < 0.05). The mean degree of flexion of the operated knee of patients was significantly greater in patients in the opioid-sparing group than in the other groups on a postoperative day 3 (opioid-sparing: 87.0 ± 11.2º; traditional: 74.1 ± 11.6º; traditional with LIA: 84.7 ± 8.9º; p < 0.05), as well as on day 10 (opioid-sparing: 99.3 ± 10.8º; traditional: 87.3 ± 12.4º; traditional with LIA: 92.5 ± 9.7º; p < 0.05). The rate of adverse events after TKR did not differ between groups.
Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that a multimodal opioid-sparing pain protocol after TKR, which includes oral non-opioid medications and periarticular injection with bupivacaine, provides better pain relief and early functional gains with fewer rescue opioids compared to traditional opioid-based protocols
Prevalence And Phylogenetic Analysis of Babesia Parasites In Host Animals In Fujian Province, Southeast China
Authors: Zeng Zhiwei , Zhou Shuheng , Xu Guoying , Liu Weijun , Han Tengwei , Liu Jing , Wang Jiaxiong , Deng Yanqin , Xiao Fangzhen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Babesiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease of socio-economic importance. The clinical manifestations of babesiosis are usually intermittent fever, headache, chills, sweats, and myalgia. Babesia infections in small mammals and ticks have been reported in at least five provinces in China. However, the host range and geographical distribution of this parasite in Fujian Province are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Babesia in Fujian Province, Southeast China, between 2015 and 2020. Methods: Rodent blood samples were collected from 26 different surveillance sites across Fujian Province. Genomic DNA was extracted to screen for Babesia infection via PCR amplification based on 18S rRNA. The prevalence of Babesia was compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 5.0 by gene sequence alignment. DNA samples from 316 domestic goats, 85 water buffalo, 56 domestic dogs, and 18 domestic pigs were also collected in this survey.Results: Babesia infection was confirmed in 3.96% (43/1087) of rodents and in 1.26% (6/475) of other mammals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that irrigated cropland, shrub, and forest were risk factors for Babesia microti infection. The infection rates of domestic pigs, dogs, and goats were determined to be 5.56%, 1.79%, and 1.27%, respectively, and no infection was found in water buffalo. Sequencing using the 18S rRNA gene revealed that rodents were infected with Babesia (sensu lato) while other mammals were infected with Babesia (sensu stricto). Conclusions: The results indicate that there is a broad geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationship of Babesia in Southeast China. This study suggests that mammals, especially wild rodents, are the main natural hosts of Babesia in Fujian. Our research provides new insights into the exposure risk of Babesia in humans and animals, laying a solid foundation for the development of babesiosis prevention and control measures.
Clinical and Immunological Features of Human BCL10 Deficiency
Authors: Solis Blanca Garcia , Rym Ana Van Den , Pérez-Caraballo Jareb J. , –Ayoubi Abdulwahab Al , Lorenzo Lazaro , Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , López-Collazo Eduardo , Markle Janet , Fernández-Arquero Miguel , Sanchez-Ramon Silvia , Recio Maria J. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Mohammed Reem , Martinez-Barricarte Rubén , de Diego Rebeca Perez 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex is critical for the proper assembly of human immune responses. The clinical and immunological consequences of deficiencies in some of its components such as CARD9, CARD11, and MALT1 have been elucidated in detail. However, the scarcity of BCL10 deficient patients prevented gaining that knowledge for this genetic disease. Only two patients with BCL10 deficiency have been reported to date. Here we describe in more depth an additional patient with autosomal recessive BCL10 complete deficiency caused by a nonsense mutation that leads to a loss of expression (K63X). Using mass cytometry coupled with unsupervised clustering and machine learning computational methods, we obtained a thorough characterization of the consequences of BCL10 deficiency in different populations of leukocytes. We showed that in addition to the almost absence of memory B and T cells reported before, this patient display a reduction in NK, gdT, Tregs, and TFH cells. The patient suffered from recurrent respiratory infections since early in life, and showed a family history of lethal severe infectious diseases. Fortunately, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) cured her. Overall, this report highlights the importance of early genetic diagnosis for the management of BCL10 deficient patients and HSCT as the recommended treatment to cured this disease.
Assessment of Central Corneal Thickness in Adults With Indications For Kidney Transplantation and Commenting On Some Related Factors
Authors: Trung Nguyen Kien , Tuan Vu Anh , Thang Le Viet , Ngan Nguyen Dinh , Thang Nguyen Chien , Cuong Nguyen Van , Anh Le Dinh , Anh Hoang Tuan , Hang Vo Thi , Binh Do Nhu , Toan Pham Quoc , Trung Nguyen Le 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important biological indicator of eyeball affecting intraocular pressure, which plays a vital role in glaucoma pathology. This study investigated the central corneal thickness in renal failure subjects with indications for kidney transplantation and commented on some related factors.
Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to June 2021 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Ninety-six adult patients with grade 3 and 4 renal failure indicated kidney transplantation had central corneal thickness measured. We investigated the mean value of central corneal thickness in patients with indications for kidney transplantation. The related factors were evaluated by multivariable linear regression.
Results

The mean thickness of the central cornea in the right eye was 529.3 ± 32 µm, and the left eye was 528.5 ± 32.1 µm, with no difference between the central corneal thickness in the two eyes. Corneal thickness has a positive correlation with IOP after dialysis and smoking habits, adjusted R2 = 0.2405, has a negative correlation with age, adjusted R2 = 0.2405, and with calcium concentration blood, adjusted R2 = 0.032.
Conclusion

The thickness of the central cornea in patients with renal failure with indications for kidney transplantation in both eyes is similar. Factors related to corneal thickness are age, smoking habits, intraocular pressure after dialysis, and blood calcium levels.
Long-Term Survival Data of Patients With Limited-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Doshita Kosei , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Omori Shota , Tabuchi Yuya , Kawabata Takanori , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Iida Yuko , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Ko Ryo , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Mori Keita , Harada Hideyuki , Kaneko Takeshi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Long-term survival data of patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have not been fully evaluated. Furthermore, the association between long-term prognosis and prognostic factors has not been sufficiently investigated.Methods. The efficacy of concurrent CRT was retrospectively evaluated in 120 patients with LD-SCLC who were planned for curative CRT using concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy.Results. The median patient age was 65.5 years. The majority of patients were males (73%) and had clinical stage III disease (80%). The median follow-up time for overall survival (OS) was 71.3 months. The median OS was 34.3 months; the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 52.4% and 41.8%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.2 months; the 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 37.6% and 33.6%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates of patients who achieved PFS at 12, 24, and 36 months were 70.9%, 83.6%, and 91.9%, respectively. The gradual increase in the 5-year OS rate following PFS extension and initial depression of Kaplan–Meier curves showed that disease progression frequently occurred in the first 2 years after concurrent CRT initiation. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed no significant factors that correlated with long-term survival through univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusions. Prognostic factors associated with long-term prognosis in LD-SCLC were not identified. Nonetheless, the 5-year OS rate was 41.8%, whereas the 5-year survival rate among patients without disease progression at 2 years was 83.6%. These data suggest that the prognosis of patients with LD-SCLC was improving.
Land Use Change and Driving Force Analysis of Wetland in Poyang Lake Based on Remote Sensing
Authors: Ren Chunqiu , Dong Bin , Wang Ping , Fang Lei , Gao Xiang , Xu Haifeng , Wang Tong , Xu Zhili , Liu Yaru , Li Sheng , Xu Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As an important wetland in the world, Poyang Lake wetland is constantly changing its land use mode due to economic development and human activities, thus affecting the ecological environment of wetland.Landsat remote sensing images from 1986 to 2020 are utilized to obtain land use information data through supervised classification and interpretation. Combined with ENVI and ArcGIS software, five land use type maps are generated by taking 8 years or so as the interval period. Land use transfer matrix and land use dynamic attitude are adopted.This paper analyzes the wetland land use change in Poyang Lake and explores the driving factors of wetland land use change in Poyang Lake.The results show that the wetland land use types in Poyang Lake will change greatly from 1985 to 2020, and the change range of construction land, mudflat, paddy field and dry land is relatively large and shows an increasing trend.The area of water and grassland decreased on the whole, and the transferred area was large, which was mainly transferred to construction land, paddy field and dry land.The woodland area increased slowly, but the change range was not large from the perspective of dynamic attitude.The change of wetland area of reed flat decreased first and then increased, and the overall land use change was relatively gentle.According to the grey correlation analysis, the total population and annual precipitation are the main driving factors of land use change in Poyang Lake wetland.Through the above research, it provides important reference for wetland protection and land resource management of Poyang Lake.
Highly accurate prediction of reaction performance and enantioselectivity with a uniform machine learning protocol
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Zhu Jingyuan , You Hengzhi , Chen Bin , Chen Fener 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Synthetic reactions, especially asymmetric reactions are key components of modern chemistry. Chemists have put enormous experimental effort into recognizing various molecule patterns to enable efficient synthesis and asymmetric catalysis. Recent application of machine learning algorithms and chemoinformatics in this field demonstrated their huge potential in facilitating this process by accurate prediction. However, existing methods are relatively limited to specific designed data set, and only implement single prediction of reaction performance or reaction enantioselectivity, rendering their general use in broader scenarios challenging. Here we provide a uniform machine learning protocol that can predict both reaction performance and enantioselectivity with high accuracy. Reconstruction of molecular chemical space derived from more comprehensive three-dimensional atomic and molecular descriptors allow for training of our neural network-based model over four representative datasets. This uniform machine learning protocol was validated with outperformance of accuracy than other methods over all four cases (C-C, C-N, C-S cross coupling reactions and asymmetric hydrogenation) in the prediction of both reaction performance and enantioselectivity. It was also successfully applied to the out-of-set and sparse set prediction, leveraging its possible wide application in accelerating synthesis improve and molecular architects.
One-stage Reconstruction of Large Extremity Defects Using a Thin Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Park Bo Young 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCovering large defects of the extremities remains a great challenge; one-stage reconstruction with ‘thin perforator flaps’ has been attempted to salvage limbs and restore function. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the most commonly utilized flap in breast reconstruction (BR);it provides the largest amount of skin and soft tissue with the advantages of minimal donor site morbidity, relatively easy dissection, and flap elevation. The purpose of this study is to present the versatility of free DIEP flaps for the reconstruction of large defects of the extremities.MethodsPatients with large tissue defects on their extremities who were treated with thin DIEP flaps from January 2016 to January 2018 were included in this study. They were minimally followed up for 36 months. We analyzed the etiology and location of the soft tissue defect, flap design, anastomosis type, outcome, and complications. We also considered the technical differences in the DIEP flap between breast and extremity reconstruction.ResultsOverall, six free DIEP flaps were included in the study. The flap size ranged from 15 × 12 to 30 × 16 cm2. All flaps were transversely designed similar to a traditional BR design. Three flaps were elevated with two perforators. Primary closure of the donor site was possible in all cases. Five flaps survived with no complications. However, partial necrosis occurred in one flap.ConclusionsA DIEP flap is not the first choice for soft tissue defects, but it should be considered for one-stage reconstruction of large defects when the circulation zone of the DIEP flap is considered. In addition, this flap has many advantages over other flaps such as provision of the largest skin paddle, low donor site morbidity with a concealed scar, versatile supercharging technique, and a long pedicle.
Precursor Linear Self-Assembly Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 Ceramic Fibers
Authors: Feng Guo , Yin Li , Jiang Feng , Yan Zhijun , Xu Jinlin , Fang Wentao , Jiang Tao , Wu Qian , Liu Jianmin , Jiang Weihui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramic fibers were synthesized via the precursor linear self-assembly nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method, taking TiCl4 as the titanium source, anhydrous barium acetate and strontium acetate as the barium source and strontium source, anhydrous ethanol and glycol as the oxygen donor and solvent, respectively. The NHSG method promotes the formation of Ba–O–Ti and Sr–O–Ti through heterogeneous condensation. The bimolecular association structure of the reaction intermediate (chlorotitanium ethoxide) between ethanol and titanium tetrachloride facilitates the self-linear assembly of precursors. It also enables linear colloidal particle formation and excellent spinnability of the sol. The novel Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramic fibers would promote the flexibility of electronic products.
How Has the Current Curative Expenditure of Noncommunicable Diseases Changed? Evidence From China in 2017-2019
Authors: Fang Quan , Ma Guoliang , Zhang Shunli , Zhang Qin , Xu Xinzhou , Wang Yuhang , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the distribution of diseases can provide a basis for policy formulation and intervention. This study analyses the current curative expenditure (CCE) of NCDs in China to provide health policy advice.Methods: Data were collected by multi-stage stratified random sampling from 2017-2019. The medical expenses of patients with NCDs were calculated based on “System of Health Accounts 2011”(SHA 2011), Analyze from funding sources, dimensions of institutional flow, and financing scheme. Linear regression analysis was conducted by controlling factors influencing hospitalization expenses. All analyses were performed by STATA 15.0.Results: 408 institutions and 8,104,233 valid items were included in the study. The CCE of NCDs was 14.205 billion China Yuan (CNY) in 2017, 15.914 billion CNY in 2018, and 18.055 billion CNY in 2019. More than 60% came from public financing. The proportion of family health financing continued to decline, reaching 31.16% in 2019. The expenditures were mainly in general hospitals, above 70%. Elderly patients account for the majority. Diseases of the circulatory system, Diseases of the digestive system, and Neoplasms were the main NCDs. Year, age, gender, length of stay, surgery, insurance, and institution level were the factors affecting hospitalization expenses.Conclusions: NCDs are the main CCE of diseases in China, and their resources are not allocated reasonably. To reduce the CCE of NCDs, the government needs to optimize resource allocation and rationalize institutional flows and functions.
Low Amplitude Burst Detection of Catecholamines
Authors: Eltahir Amnah , White Jason , Lohrenz Terry , Montague P. Read 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Machine learning advances in electrochemical detection have recently produced subsecond and concurrent detection of dopamine and serotonin during perception and action tasks in conscious humans. Here, we present a new machine learning approach to subsecond, concurrent separation of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The method exploits a low amplitude burst protocol for the controlled voltage waveform and we demonstrate its efficacy by showing how it separates dopamine-induced signals from norepinephrine induced signals. Previous efforts to deploy electrochemical detection of dopamine in vivo have not separated the dopamine-dependent signal from a norepinephrine-dependent signal. Consequently, this new method can provide new insights into concurrent signaling by these two important neuromodulators.