bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training, Validation, and Test of Deep Learning Models for Classification of Receptor Expressions in Breast Cancers From Mammograms
Authors: Ueda Daiju , Yamamoto Akira , Takashima Tsutomu , Onoda Naoyoshi , Noda Satoru , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Morisaki Tamami , Honjo Takashi , Shimazaki Akitoshi , Miki Yukio 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE The molecular subtype of breast cancer is an important component of establishing the appropriate treatment strategy. In clinical practice, molecular subtypes are determined by receptor expressions. In this study, we developed a model using deep learning to determine receptor expressions from mammograms. METHODS A developing data set and a test data set were generated from mammograms from the affected side of patients who were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2006 through December 2016 and from January 2017 through December 2017, respectively. The developing data sets were used to train and validate the DL-based model with five-fold cross-validation for classifying expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-neu (HER2). The area under the curves (AUCs) for each receptor were evaluated with the independent test data set. RESULTS The developing data set and the test data set included 1,448 images (997 ER-positive and 386 ER-negative, 641 PgR-positive and 695 PgR-negative, and 220 HER2-enriched and 1,109 non–HER2-enriched) and 225 images (176 ER-positive and 40 ER-negative, 101 PgR-positive and 117 PgR-negative, and 53 HER2-enriched and 165 non–HER2-enriched), respectively. The AUC of ER-positive or -negative in the test data set was 0.67 (0.58-0.76), the AUC of PgR-positive or -negative was 0.61 (0.53-0.68), and the AUC of HER2-enriched or non–HER2-enriched was 0.75 (0.68-0.82). CONCLUSION The DL-based model effectively classified the receptor expressions from the mammograms. Applying the DL-based model to predict breast cancer classification with a noninvasive approach would have additive value to patients.
Supercanonical transformations and time-dependent Hamiltonians
Authors: Anzaldo-Meneses A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Starting from general self-adjoint linear combinations of generators of the superalgebra

a time-dependent Hamiltonian of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system is defined by computing the supercommutator of the linear forms. The resulting Hamiltonian is given by the sum of two quadratic forms in odd, respectively even, generators of the superalgebra describing a class of systems containing bosons and fermions. Linear supercanonical transformations of wave vectors leave invariant a Heisenberg superalgebra and belong to the supergroup OSp

. The equations of motion for the supercanonical transformations in the Heisenberg picture are shown to be systems of ordinary differential equations. The unitary time evolution operator is constructed using the adjoint map. For periodic Hamiltonians, it is shown that this is a procedure to obtain effective Floquet Hamiltonians. The examples show that the known superalgebras-based approaches for the nuclear shell model and the Jaynes-Cummings model are incorporated in the lowest-dimensional cases. The presented approach opens the possibility to study quantum control problems defined by linear combinations of superalgebra generators with Grassmannian coefficients.
Multi-hole bands and quasi–two-dimensionality in Cr2Ge2Te6 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Yilmaz T. , Geilhufe R. M. , Pletikosić I. , Fernando G. W. , Cava R. J. , Valla T. , Vescovo E. , Sinkovic B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the electronic structure of the two-dimensional ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6 by photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Our results demonstrate the presence of multi-hole–type bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level indicating that the material can support high electrical conductivity by manipulating the chemical potential. Also, our photon energy-dependent angle-resolved photoemission experiment shows that several of the hole bands exhibit weak dispersion with varied incident photon energy providing experimental signature for the two-dimensional nature of Cr2Ge2Te6. Thereby, these findings can pave the way for further studies towards the application of Cr2Ge2Te6 in electronic devices.
Exercise in Pregnancy Increases Placental Angiogenin without Changes in Oxidative or Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: HARDY DANIEL B. , MU XIN , MARCHIORI KATELYN S. , MOTTOLA MICHELLE F. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Despite immense research highlighting maternal–fetal benefits of exercise during pregnancy, there remain concerns that exercise may undermine placental function. Although maternal exercise has demonstrated favorable aerobic conditioning responses in the mother, it is not known whether maternal exercise promotes increased angiogenesis in the placenta, perhaps at the expense of impaired endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and/or oxidative stress. We investigated if a mild (30% heart rate reserve) and/or moderate (70% heart rate reserve) exercise regime in healthy pregnant women affected placental markers of angiogenesis, ER stress, and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the improved aerobic conditioning of mothers who exercise is beneficial to enhance placental angiogenesis and normal maternal–fetal outcomes.

Methods
Placental tissues were collected within 1 h of delivery from a convenience sample of 29 healthy mothers of full-term infants. Twenty-one women participated in routine exercise from midgestation (16–20 wk) until term of either mild or moderate intensity, whereas eight sedentary women served as controls.

Results
No differences were identified between groups including gestational length, fetal–placental weight ratio, or APGAR scoring. All exercisers exhibited a significant 20-fold increase in the mRNA (as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and a 10-fold increase in the protein expression of angiogenin (e.g., ANG1) in the placenta. However, in both exercising groups, no increases in placental markers (i.e., HIF1α, VEGF), ER stress (i.e., spliced XBP1, ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, and BAX), or oxidative stress (i.e., SOD1, SOD2) were observed.

Conclusions
Overall, our study suggests that mild- and moderate-intensity exercise increases angiogenesis but does not increase placental oxidative or ER stress in healthy pregnancies, bolstering support for routine exercise as a part of standard care in pregnant women. Future studies are warranted to investigate the potential benefits of exercise on ANG1 in pathological pregnancies.
Blood Pressure Responses to Static and Dynamic Knee Extensor Exercise between Sexes: Role of Absolute Contraction Intensity
Authors: LEE JORDAN B. , LUTZ WILLIAM , OMAZIC LUCAS J. , JORDAN MITCHELL A. , CACOILO JOSEPH , GARLAND MATTHEW , POWER GEOFFREY A. , MILLAR PHILIP J. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Males have larger blood pressure (BP) responses to relative-intensity static handgrip exercise compared with females. Controlling for absolute load (maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) abolishes these differences. Whether similar observations exist during large muscle mass exercise or dynamic contractions, and the mechanisms involved, remains unknown.

Methods
BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and rectus femoris EMG were recorded in 28 males and 17 females during 10% and 30% MVC static (120 s) and isokinetic dynamic (180 s; 1:2 work-to-rest ratio; angular velocity, 60°·s−1) knee extensor exercise. Static and dynamic exercises were completed on separate visits, in a randomized order. Sex differences were examined with and without statistical adjustment of MVC (ANCOVA).

Results
Males had larger systolic BP responses (interaction, P < 0.0001) and muscle deoxygenation (interaction, P < 0.01) than did females during 10% static exercise, with no difference in EMG (interaction, P = 0.67). Peak systolic BP was correlated with MVC (r = 0.55, P = 0. 0001), and adjustment for MVC abolished sex differences in systolic BP (interaction, P = 0.3). BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation, and EMG responses were similar between sexes during 30% static exercise (interaction; all, P > 0.2), including following adjustment for MVC (all, P > 0.1). Males had larger systolic BP responses during dynamic exercise at 10% and 30% (interaction; both, P = 0.01), which were abolished after adjustment for MVC (interaction; both, P > 0.08). Systolic BP responses were correlated with absolute MVC and stroke volume responses during 10% (r = 0.31, P = 0.04; r = 0.61, P < 0.0001, respectively) and 30% (r = 0.48, P = 0.001; r = 0.59, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions
Absolute contraction intensity can influence systolic BP responses to 10% but not 30% MVC static, as well as 10% and 30% MVC dynamic knee extensor exercise, and should be considered in cross-sectional comparisons of exercise BP.
Exertional Heat Stroke at the Boston Marathon: Demographics and the Environment
Authors: BRESLOW REBECCA G. , COLLINS JAMIE E. , TROYANOS CHRIS , COHEN MYLAN C. , D’HEMECOURT PIERRE , DYER K. SOPHIA , BAGGISH AARON 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to assess associations between exertional heat stroke (EHS) and sex, age, prior performance, and environmental conditions, and report on resources needed for EHS cases at the Boston Marathon.

Methods
We analyzed participant characteristics, environmental data, and EHS medical encounters during the 2015–2019 Boston Marathon races.

Results
Among 136,161 starters, there was an incidence of 3.7 EHS cases per 10,000 starters (95% confidence interval, 2.8–4.9), representing 0.5% of all medical encounters. There were significant associations between sex and age (P < 0.0001), sex and start wave (P < 0.0001), and age group and start wave (P < 0.0001). Sex was not significantly associated with increased EHS incidence; however, age younger than 30 yr and assignment to the first two start waves were. All cases occurred at races with average wet bulb globe temperatures of 17°C–20°C. There was a linear correlation between EHS incidence and greater increases in wet bulb globe temperature from start to peak (R
2 = 0.7688). A majority of cases (37; 72.5%) were race finishers; nonfinishers all presented after mile 18. Most were triaged 3–4 h after starting, and all were treated with ice water immersion. Treatment times were prolonged (mean (SD), 78.1 (47.5) min; range, 15–190 min); 29.4% (15 cases) developed posttreatment hypothermia, and 35.3% (18 cases) were given intravenous fluids. Most (31 cases; 64.6%) were discharged directly, although 16 cases (33.3%) required hospital transport. There were no fatalities.

Conclusions
Younger and faster runners are at higher risk for EHS at the Boston Marathon. Greater increases in heat stress from start to peak during a marathon may exacerbate risk. EHS encounters comprise a small percentage of race-day medical encounters but require extensive resources and warrant risk mitigation efforts.
System-Integral Interdisciplinary Methodology - Qualitatively New Tools of General and Professional Education in the Context of the Second Industrialization of Russia
Authors: Potehin Nikolay , Potehin Viktor 
Published: March 2021

The education system is a key element in the progress or degradation of the country's population and economy. Formed in the present education system of Russia according to the Bologna models and the patterns aimed at stupefying the total population, a sharp decline of scientific progress in social production and increased dependence on foreign manufacturers and managers of the domestic financial and resource wealth. The way out of this deadlock circle of problems is in the revival of the advanced positions of the former soviet education system on a qualitatively new scientific basis, theory and system-holistic methodology, providing a full knowledge of the phenomena of nature and society in conditions of certainty. Existing methodologies of partial cognition in conditions of high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of representation are based on outdated and inadequate theories.
System-holistic interdisciplinary methodology is characterized by a set of necessary and sufficient for objective and complete knowledge of the conceptual tools that allow you to accurately, fully and adequately understand the socio-economic processes, to lead the knowledge immediately from the general to the specific, thereby reducing the multiple time and resources for the process of knowledge. It is based on a qualitatively new scientific basis, objective theory, uses objective units of dimensions of physical quantities (kWh and the like), takes into account in the knowledge and management of the action of an expanded set of universal and socio-economic laws of human development-society in nature. A deeper analysis of the set of laws allowed us to identify the main goal of human development-society and the main socio-economic forms of manifestation of the laws: useful costs-results, useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. There are no other socio-economic forms of human activity. Therefore, the main goal of human development-society in nature is to increase the share of useful and reduce the share of useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. This is the basis for the preservation of civilization on Earth. The technique, technology, organization, education system used serve only as forms of manifestation of life that contribute to or hinder the progress of mankind. The implementation of the Second industrialization of Russia is aimed at a radical solution to the ever-increasing complex of internal and external problems in modern conditions. A key element of the successful implementation of this large-scale strategic program is the immediate introduction of a fundamentally new education system that ensures high rates of economic growth and well-being of the entire population of Russia.
Investigation of InGaN-based red/green micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

We investigated the performance of InGaN-based red/green micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) ranging from

98

×

98

µ

m

2

to

17

×

17

µ

m

2

. The average forward voltage at

10

A

/

c
m

2

was independent of the dimension of µLEDs. Red µLEDs exhibited a larger blueshift of the peak wavelength (

∼

35

n
m

) and broader full-width at half maximum (

≥

50

n
m

) at

2

−

50

A

/

c
m

2

compared to green µLEDs. We demonstrated that

47

×

47

µ

m

2

red µLEDs had an on-wafer external quantum efficiency of 0.36% at the peak wavelength of 626 nm, close to the red primary color defined in the recommendation 2020 standard.
High-purity CVD-ZnSe polycrystal as a magneto-active medium for a multikilowatt Faraday isolator
Authors: Mironov Evgeniy A. , Palashov Oleg V. , Balabanov Stanislav S. 
Published: March 2021

Prospects for using ZnSe polycrystals synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the development of Faraday isolators for high-power radiation at a wavelength of 1076 nm are investigated. A Faraday isolator was built by a conventional scheme for room temperature operation. No thermally induced depolarization was observed in the device for the laser power range up to 1270 W, which is the main limiting factor for powerful isolators. It was demonstrated experimentally that thermally induced depolarization is not expected at powers up to 2.5 kW.
Superconducting microstrip single-photon detector with system detection efficiency over 90% at 1550  nm
Authors: Xu Guang-Zhao , Zhang Wei-Jun , You Li-Xing , Xiong Jia-Min , Sun Xing-Qu , Huang Hao , Ou Xin , Pan Yi-Ming , Lv Chao-Lin , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Xie Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2021

Generally, a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is composed of wires with a typical width of

∼
100

nm

. Recent studies have found that superconducting strips with a micrometer-scale width can also detect single photons. Compared with the SNSPD covering the same area, the superconducting microstrip single-photon detector (SMSPD) has smaller kinetic inductance, higher working current, and lower requirements in fabrication accuracy, providing potential applications in the development of ultralarge active area detectors. However, the study of SMSPD is still in its infancy, and the realization of its high-performance and practical use remains an open question. This study demonstrates a NbN SMSPD with a nearly saturated system detection efficiency (SDE) of

∼
92.2
%

at a dark count rate of

∼
200

cps

, a polarization sensitivity of

∼
1.03

, and a minimum timing jitter of

∼
48

ps

at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm when coupled with a single-mode fiber and operated at 0.84 K. Furthermore, the detector’s SDE is over 70% when operated at a 2.1 K closed-cycle cryocooler.
Knowledge Beacons: Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge
Authors: Hannestad Lance M. , Dančík Vlado , Godden Meera , Suen Imelda W. , Huellas-Bruskiewicz Kenneth C. , Good Benjamin M. , Mungall Christopher J. , Bruskiewich Richard M. 
Published: March 2021

The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge.

Availability
The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.
Fatality and risk features for prognosis in COVID-19 according to the care approach – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andrés Mariano , Leon-Ramirez Jose-Manuel , Moreno-Perez Oscar , Sánchez-Payá José , Gayá Ignacio , Esteban Violeta , Ribes Isabel , Torrus-Tendero Diego , González-de-la-Aleja Pilar , Llorens Pere , Boix Vicente , Gil Joan , Merino Esperanza ,   on behalf of COVID19-ALC research group
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThis study analyzed the impact of a categorized approach, based on patients’ prognosis, on major outcomes and explanators in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia in an academic center in Spain.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (March 3 to May 2, 2020). Patients were categorized according to the followed clinical management, as maximum care or limited therapeutic effort (LTE). Main outcomes were all-cause mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Baseline factors associated with outcomes were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, estimating odds ratios (OR; 95%CI).ResultsThirty-hundred and six patients were hospitalized, median age 65.0 years, 57.8% males, 53.3% Charlson index ≥3. The overall all-cause fatality rate was 15.0% (n = 46). Maximum care was provided in 238 (77.8%), IMV was used in 38 patients (16.0%), and 5.5% died. LTE was decided in 68 patients (22.2%), none received IMV and fatality was 48.5%. Independent risk factors of mortality under maximum care were lymphocytes <790/mm3, troponin T >15ng/L and hypotension. Advanced age, lymphocytes <790/mm3and BNP >240pg/mL independently associated with IMV requirement.ConclusionOverall fatality in the cohort was 15% but markedly varied regarding the decided approach (maximum care versus LTE), translating into nine-fold higher mortality and different risk factors.
Composite Axial Flow Propulsor for Small Aircraft
Authors: Poul R. , Hanus D. 
Published: March 2021

This work focuses on the design of an axial flow ducted fan driven by a reciprocating engine. The solution minimizes the turbulization of the flow around the aircraft. The fan has a rotor - stator configuration. Due to the need for low weight of the fan, a carbon/epoxy composite material was chosen for the blades and the driving shaft.The fan is designed for optimal isentropic efficiency and free vortex flow. A stress analysis of the rotor blade was performed using the Finite Element Method. The skin of the blade is calculated as a laminate and the foam core as a solid. A static and dynamic analysis were made. The RTM technology is compared with other technologies and is described in detail.
Persistent memory hash indexes
Authors: Hu Daokun , Chen Zhiwen , Wu Jianbing , Sun Jianhua , Chen Hao 
Published: March 2021

Persistent memory (PM) is increasingly being leveraged to build hash-based indexing structures featuring cheap persistence, high performance, and instant recovery, especially with the recent release of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules. However, most of them are evaluated on DRAM-based emulators with unreal assumptions, or focus on the evaluation of specific metrics with important properties sidestepped. Thus, it is essential to understand how well the proposed hash indexes perform on real PM and how they differentiate from each other if a wider range of performance metrics are considered.
To this end, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of persistent hash tables. In particular, we focus on the evaluation of six state-of-the-art hash tables including Level hashing, CCEH, Dash, PCLHT, Clevel, and SOFT, with real PM hardware. Our evaluation was conducted using a unified benchmarking framework and representative workloads. Besides characterizing common performance properties, we also explore how hardware configurations (such as PM bandwidth, CPU instructions, and NUMA) affect the performance of PM-based hash tables. With our in-depth analysis, we identify design trade-offs and good paradigms in prior arts, and suggest desirable optimizations and directions for the future development of PM-based hash tables.