bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-shot imaging of surface molecular ionization in nanosystems
Authors: Sun Fenghao , Li Hui , Song Shanshan , Chen Fei , Wang Jiawei , Qu Qiwen , Lu Chenxu , Ni Hongcheng , Wu Botao , Xu Hongxing , Wu Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using single-shot velocity map imaging technique, explosion imaging of different ion species ejected from 50 nm SiO2 nanoparticles are obtained excitedly by strong near-infrared and ultraviolet femtosecond laser fields. Characteristic momentum distributions showing forward emission of the ions at low excitation intensities and shock wave behaviors at high intensities are observed. When the excitation intensity is close to the dissociative ionization threshold of the surface molecules, the resulting ion products can be used to image the instant near-field distributions. The underlying dynamics of shock formation are simulated by using a Coulomb explosion model. Our results allow one to distinguish the ultrafast strong-field response of various molecular species in nanosystems and will open a new way for further exploration of the underlying dynamics of laser-and-nanoparticle interactions.
A (Lay) Catholic Voice Against a National Consensus
Authors: Mullins Patrick James 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In both a canon law student’s essay and in oral remarks to the 2017 Onclin Chair conference at KU Leuven, the author critiques his own country’s closed border consensus excluding admission of boat people. He argues this political consensus in Australia is at odds with the celebrated national identity of Australians. Moreover, the author identifies that the closed border consensus is contrary to the Gospel, because it does not welcome the stranger and because it betrays the universality of the love of neighbour which the Gospel demands. The author argues that the voice of the Catholic lay person is not to remain silent, but is to speak out against the injustice of the policy because the Gospel, the magisterium of the Second Vatican Council in its decree on the Apostolate of the laity, the Canon law, Catholic moral theology and the dictates of conscience all demand the articulation of a contrary view.
‘Next Time You Should be More Friendly!’ The Value of Social Drinking in the Babylonian Letter BM 108890
Authors: de Ridder Jacob Jan , Zomer Elyze 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a first edition of the Middle Babylonian letter BM 108890. The unknown author complains bitterly about the inhospitable treatment he has received. Reflective of the author’s mood is the lack of introduction and formal greeting. Since a direct reference is made to Nippur, it is likely that this tablet originates from central Babylonia.
How Numerous and How Busy were Late-Antique Presbyters?
Authors: Wiśniewski Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article seeks to count late-antique clergy and assess their workload. It estimates the number of clerics, and particularly presbyters, in Christian communities of various sizes, and investigates how and why the ratio of clerics to laypersons changed over time. First, by examining the situation in the city of Rome, it demonstrates that the growth in the ranks of the presbyters from the third to the fifth century was slow, and argues that this resulted from the competing interests of the bishops, lay congregation, rich donors, and above all the middle clergy. It is the last group who were reluctant to raise their number as this had a negative impact on their income. The results of this phenomenon can also be seen in other big sees of Christendom, in which, in Late Antiquity, there was one presbyter per several thousand laypersons. Interestingly, in smaller towns, this ratio was significantly lower, and in the countryside, it remained in the lower hundreds. Second, this article shows how the changing ratio of clerics to laypersons affected the level of professionalization of the former. In the big cities, the ecclesiastical duties of presbyters who served in a growing community were getting heavier. This turned the presbyters into full-time religious ministers, at the same time making them even more dependent on ecclesiastical income. In the towns and villages, however, the pattern was different. In the places in which one presbyter served a very small community, his job was less time-consuming but also brought him less income. In consequence, rural presbyters had to support their families through craft work, commerce, or farming, and they had time for this.
Audientia sacerdotalis?—Remarks on the Legal Nature of Dispute Resolution by Ecclesiastics in Late Antiquity
Authors: Wojtczak Marzena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem of audientia episcopalis in late antiquity has been the subject of extensive research in the past. Previous studies have usually focussed on the legal doctrine, as well as the picture of bishop courts in the light of the literary sources. In contrast, the question of how audientia episcopalis functioned in the legal practice as shown by papyri has caused scholars much difficulty, due to the limited material available as well as the obscure nature of the institution. One could therefore ask: how is it possible that such allegedly common practice of dispute resolution by the bishops—as literary sources make us believe—is so elusive in the papyri? How to explain the simultaneous increase for that period of the papyrological attestations regarding arbitration/mediation carried out by the clergy of lower rank? Could we be dealing with some sort of audientia sacerdotalis functioning in the legal practice? How widespread was in fact the audientia episcopalis, and was this institution homogeneous or rather heterogeneous in nature? The paper presents the attempt to answer these questions by confronting the imperial law with the evidence of legal practice.
Listening for the Pictures
Authors: Cheers D. Michael 
Published: July 2021

This essay is inspired by the words of Pulitzer Prize–winning Chicago Sun Times photographer John White, who once told me to “listen for the pictures.” His message rang clear but never more so than when in 1990 we were covering the release of Nelson Mandela in Cape Town, South Africa. The Cape Town scene was alive and filled with so much vibrance. I was keenly aware that I must not just look, but I must listen, and use all my God-given senses to take it in. I can only describe the moment I started listening to the layer of sound, which was my own clicking camera superimposed on the chorus of sounds that surrounded me as both meta and sonorific. There was a certain rhythm to the sensation I felt in being one with my camera. It transported me to a wonderful place in time where visuals and cadences danced together.
I realized there was alchemy in this and in all the other moments and locations I had spent behind a camera developing and exercising that “inner ear” my ancestors, some gone, like Gordon Parks, but others here, like White, taught me to revere. This essay is a snapshot of some of those moments—a proof sheet, if you will—from a life that began, as did the civil rights era, with instances of terror and triumph. This essay chronicles my journey as a young photographer and the many influences that shaped my creative process and eventually my worldview. This essay is an invitation to travel with me through time and see life as my camera and I witnessed it, and to hear and sense the world as I do.
Determining the effect of apple and banana powders dried by sublimation on the quality indicators of a sour milk dessert during storage
Authors: Kuzmyk Uliana , Marynin Andrii , Svyatnenko Roman , Zheludenko Yulia , Kurmach Mykhailo 
Published: July 2021

The shelf life of sour milk dessert has been substantiated based on the results of this study into the indicators of active acidity, water activity, enthalpy, and organoleptic properties. In addition, the content analysis of lactic acid bacteria and microbiological indicators in the finished product during storage was performed. It was found that the introduction of sublimated fruits together with whey protein concentrate reduces the water activity index from 0.984 to 0.972 by increasing the concentration of solids and product viscosity.
The active acidity indicator acts in combination with the water activity on the shelf life of food products. Active acidity during the study period was in the range of 5.4‒4.2 pH units.
The biological and physiological value of the fermented milk product will increase due to the use of a starter culture containing microorganisms of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which include Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium infantis. When storing sour milk dessert for more than 3 days, the number of bacteria came down and was 1.0×108 CFU/g on day 9, which meets the regulatory requirements.
Based on the results of microbiological indicators, the shelf life of the sour milk dessert was established, which should not exceed 5 days at a temperature of 4±2 °С.
The development and improvement of sour milk desserts using secondary milk raw materials is a promising area of scientific research. This would allow the development of waste-free technologies with the maximum use of useful components that are included in the secondary milk raw materials
Devising a method to parametrize the jacket style varieties through the modification of tіpological series structures
Authors: Slavinska Alla , Mytsa Viktoriia , Syrotenko Oksana , Dombrovska Oksana 
Published: July 2021

The study reported here has revealed the issue related to the inefficient scaling of the uniformity of jacket model designs in the processes involving a typical representative as a result of modification parameters uncertainty.
A variant has been proposed to synchronize the critical points of silhouetted allowances by grouping the numeric series in the vector of choosing the value for an increase in the allowance according to the characteristics of style varieties. The influence of shape-forming segmentation on the formation of a classifier of the structural and technological solutions for a jacket has been determined. The built model to support modification vectors has made it possible to describe the sequence of procedures execution by the method of typical representation. The presence of one design category, the same structural parts, the uniformity of style simplifies the processes of choosing and selecting the most characteristic models of the jacket.
It was found that the morphological combination of attributes of the physical appearance affects the adjustment of style preferences in a manufacturer’s products. The parameters for typical segmentation relative to the junction points of the structural zones of the optimized five-seam prototype design have been defined as the most influential vectors of jacket modification.
A method for scaling the allowance for free fitting has been devised on the basis of data from empirical research. An adequate regression model has been derived for normalizing the silhouette allowance parameters. The constructed model makes it possible to scale silhouette structures by changing the increments at the corner points of the contour according to the prototype of gradation under an automated mode.
Practical recommendations have been compiled on the parameters of zonal-modular modification of silhouette designs of jacket varieties: a linear character of the state silhouetted transformation relative to ASi1=5 cm. The normalized parameters for constructing functional and decorative parts have been proposed
The dynamics of a resonance single-mass vibratory machine with a vibration exciter of targeted action that operates on the Sommerfeld effect
Authors: Filimonikhin Gennadiy , Pirogov Vladimir , Hodunko Maksim , Kisilov Ruslan , Mazhara Vitalii 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports a study into the dynamics of a vibratory machine composed of a viscoelastically-fixed platform that can move vertically and two identical inertial vibration exciters. The vibration exciters' bodies rotate at the same angular velocities in opposite directions. The bodies host a single load in the form of a ball, roller, or pendulum. The loads' centers of mass can move relative to the bodies in a circle with a center on the axis of rotation. The loads' relative movements are hindered by the forces of viscous resistance.
It was established that a vibratory machine theoretically possesses the following:
– one to three oscillatory modes of movement under which loads get stuck at almost constant angular velocity and generate total unbalanced mass in the vertical direction only;
– a no-oscillation mode under which loads rotate synchronously with the bodies and generate total unbalanced mass in the horizontal direction only.
At the same time, only one oscillatory mode is resonant and exists at the above-the-resonance speeds of body rotation, lower than some characteristic speed.
At the bodies' rotation speeds:
‒ pre-resonant; there is a globally asymptotically stable (the only existing) mode of load jams;
‒ above-the-resonance, lower than the characteristic velocity; there are locally asymptotically stable regimes ‒ both the resonance mode of movement of a vibratory machine and a no-oscillations mode;
‒ exceeding the characteristic velocity: there is a globally asymptotically stable no-oscillations mode.
Computational experiments have confirmed the results of theoretical research. At the same time, it was additionally established that it would suffice, to enter a resonant mode of movement, to slowly accelerate the bodies of vibration exciters to the above-the-resonance speed, less than the characteristic speed.
The results reported here could be interesting both for the theory and practice of designing new vibratory machines
Development of a mathematical model for the process of modernization of a melon cleaning machine
Authors: Kizatova Marzhan , Baikenov Alibek , Muslimov Nurzhan , Baigenzhinov Kadyrbek , Yessimova Zhazira 
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of melon processing under limited production automation. Measures for equipment modernization should be carried out in accordance with the operation rules of each individual unit. In production conditions, all equipment, without exception, undergoes this process, while the corresponding documentation is drawn up, confirming the implementation of modernization within a certain time frame.
In a competitive market environment, product quality is a causal factor for the sharp increase in risks for food industry enterprises. To produce quality and competitive products, you need equipment that helps to reduce costs. The disadvantages of most melon peeling designs are size instability in the thickness of the rind. The paper presents a solution to this drawback. This was achieved by changing the sharpening angle of the rind cutting knife.
Research has been carried out to study the texture properties of “Mirzachulskaya” and “Raduzhnaya” melons. And also experiments on melon peeling based on the planning matrix of mathematical modeling. Based on the experiments, a model of the peeling process was constructed.
The key factors to limit peeling waste were optimized. Calculations of the optimized parameters yielded the cutting knife sharpening angle of 40 degrees, a roller gap of 9 mm, as well as an average force applied of 1,375 N∙m. The data obtained can be used as a basis for the modernization of this machine for other melon varieties
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of s-substituted derivatives of 1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol
Authors: Karpun Yevhen , Polishchuk Nataliia 
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work. 1,2,4-triazole derivatives possess a wide range of pharmacological activity, so they are used for the development of drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Due to the reactivity of 1,2,4-triazoles there are many options for their further structural modification on different reaction centers. Therefore, the aim of the work was to obtain new S-substituted derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, study physicochemical parameters of the substances synthesized, evaluate the antimicrobial activity of new S-derivatives of the 4-R1-5-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol series, and study some regularities of the “structure – biological activity” relationship for the synthesized compounds as well.
Materials and methods. The subject of the study was new S-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles containing 2-oxopropan-1-yl and 2-aryl-2-oxoethan-1-yl substituents. The antimicrobial activity was studied by double serial dilutions on test cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Candida albicans (ATCC 885-653).
The results of the biological screening showed that at a concentration of 125 g/mL, all synthesized substances showed activity (MIC – in the range of 31.25 - 62.5 μg/mL, MBCK - in the range of 62.5–125 μg/mL) against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. Variation of substituents on the sulfur atom did not lead to a significant change in antimicrobial and antifungal activities among derivatives of 4-R1-5-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl) thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols.
Conclusions. Biological screening data indicate the prospects for the search for new antimicrobial substances among the abovementioned derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles. The most active compounds were 1-((4-ethyl-5-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)propan-2-one and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-ethyl-5-(((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H)-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethanone, which showed the most pronounced antimicrobial activity against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (MIC – 31.25 μg/mL, MBcK - 62.5 μg/mL)
Improvement of the constitutional complaint as an instrument of human rights protection
Authors: Prymakov Kamil , Zakoveria Yuliia 
Published: July 2021

The activity of the European Court of Human Rights is investigated and the significance of the relevant practice of the European Court for the judicial practice of Ukraine is determined. It is emphasized, that a constitutional complaint serves as an effective means of protecting fundamental human rights, strengthening the rule of law and building democracy, which has already been tested in many countries around the world. The article notes that the institution of constitutional complaint significantly expands the possibilities of protecting citizens. In general, this institution is a kind of constitutional appeal, which should be understood as a written petition, submitted to the Court to review the constitutionality of the law of Ukraine (its constitutional provisions), which is used in the final court decision in the case of the subject of a constitutional rights complaint. The author also draws attention to the issues of advantages and disadvantages of a constitutional complaint and a constitutional appeal separately. Thus, one of the advantages of having a constitutional complaint is that the grounds for filing a constitutional complaint are a violation of fundamental human and civil rights. The advantages also include the fact that, unlike a constitutional appeal, which is a mechanism solely for interpreting a certain provision of the law, which excludes the possibility for individuals to apply to a constitutional justice body to declare regulations unconstitutional, a complaint directly provides such a right. However, at the same time, the model of the constitutional complaint, introduced in Ukraine on the subject, is an incomplete normative constitutional complaint, which is related to the consideration of a specific case. After all, according to it, only one type of normative legal act is subject to appeal, a law, and only the one that was applied during the trial of the person. It is stated, that ensuring the possibility of a person to take an active part in the control over the activities of higher state authorities, which is implemented in the relevant legal forms, provides grounds for recognizing a constitutional complaint as one of the modern institutions of democracy. In fact, a constitutional complaint is an effective procedural means to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens
The use of waste from the production of gravel as fertilizer for cultivation of technical energy crops
Authors: Bondarenko Anastasia , Tverda Oksana , Repin Mykola , Tkachuk Kostiantyn , Kofanov Oleksii , Kofanova Olena 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is the process of management and treatment of crushed stone production waste. Modern approaches to the disposal of crushed stone production waste are analyzed. It is revealed that crushed stone production wastes are mainly used in the construction industry, and their volumes of use are insufficient to neutralize the impact of dumps on the environment. The chemical composition of crushed stone production wastes was analyzed and an experiment was carried out to determine the possibility of their use as fertilizers for the cultivation of industrial energy crops. For the experiment, an energy crop was chosen – sorghum. Sorghum seeds were placed in two types of soil: regular peat substrate and peat substrate with the addition of rock in a ratio of 60:40. Waste from crushed stone production – rock, which includes: quartzite – 90–98 %, pyrophyllite – 1–9 %, ore mineral – 0.3–1 %. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the biomass of sorghum grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock, 1.5 times, compared with that grown on a conventional peat substrate. Accordingly, the energy yield of sorghum per hectare of field will also grow by 50 %. In addition to increasing the biomass of sorghum, as a result of the experiment, an increase in the number of secondary and tertiary roots was found when it was grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock. A more developed root system allows the plant to receive more moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing its endurance and drought resistance. The results obtained can be explained by the positive effect of silica, of which more than 90 % of the rock is composed, on the growth and development of plants. It is proposed to increase the level of environmental safety of mining regions through the use of crushed stone waste as fertilizers for industrial energy crops and the transition to alternative energy sources, in particular biofuels made on the basis of these crops.