bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Baiyegunhi Christopher , Liu Kuiwu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), R344 (Grahamstown-Adelaide), R350 (Kirkwood-Somerset East), and national roads N2 (Grahamstown-Peddie) and N10 (Paterson-Cookhouse). Facies analysis of the Ecca Group in the study area was performed to deduce their depositional environments. Based on the lithological and facies characteristics, the stratigraphy of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, and Fort Brown Formations is now subdivided into two informal members each, while the Ripon Formation is subdivided into three members. A total of twelve lithofacies were identified in the Ecca Group and were further grouped into seven distinct facies associations (FAs), namely: Laminated to thin-bedded black-greyish shale and mudstones (FA 1); Laminated black-greyish shale and interbedded chert (FA 2); Mudstone rhythmite and thin beds of tuff alternation (FA 3); Thin to thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone intercalation (FA 4); Medium to thick-bedded dark-grey shale (FA 5); Alternated thin to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone (FA 6); and Varved mudstone rhythmite and sandstone intercalation (FA 7). The FAs revealed gradually change of sea-level from deep marine (FA 1, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6) to prodelta environment (FA 7). This implies that the main Karoo Basin was gradually filling up with Ecca sediments, resulting in the gradual shallowing up of the water depth of the depositional basin.
A comparative analysis of the performance of centralized inverter and parallel inverter based hybrid microgrid system for distributed generation
Authors: Peddeeti Sudheer , Vuddanti Sandeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the performance and reliability of the hybrid microgrid system is analyzed with the two different configurations where multiple distributed energy sources supplied the power to the loads through centralized inverter and parallel inverter. The power quality, power sharing, power exchange and voltage and frequency drop parameters are evaluated by applying 1.1 kVA load on the centralized and parallel inverter hybrid systems with LL and LLG faults. The hysteresis current controller in the centralized inverter hybrid system is assuring the accurate power exchange between the grid and hybrid system during abnormal conditions. The droop controller in parallel inverter hybrid system is effectively sharing the load among the inverters during normal and abnormal conditions. The comparative analysis of these energy systems is made based on control aspects, power quality, reliability and economics.
Optimal reconfiguration of balanced and unbalanced distribution systems using firefly algorithm
Authors: Battula Amrutha Raju , Vuddanti Sandeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With increasing demand in energy, efficiency, reliability, and resiliency in the power systems, integration of distributed generation (DG) or renewable energy sources in the local distribution system is trending nowadays. The power system optimization in distribution networks plays a prominent role in planning reliable supply to the users. This paper presents a meta-heuristic approach to improve the system performance by considering: a) voltage profile improvement, b) minimize the active power loss, and c) overall operation cost as the objective functions of the distribution system reconfiguration (DSR). Modified Newton Raphson (MNR) is used for a load flow analysis of the 33 bus balanced test system and 25 bus unbalanced distribution system. To study the performance of the system objective functions, three different scenarios are considered: i) with DG integrated, ii) with DSR performed, and iii) DG placed along with DSR. These scenarios are compared with the base system configuration parameters along with convergence comparison of harmony search algorithm (HAS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with firefly algorithm (FFA) of the distribution systems.
Adverse childhood experiences and trauma informed care: treating the whole patient with a more complete osteopathic approach
Authors: Marcoux T. Brian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 1998, a seminal study identified a strong connection between participants’ exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of risk factors for serious health conditions later in life. More than two decades later, leaders in both policy and health care professions now appreciate the impact of social determinants of health, including the enormous societal costs incurred by deleterious experiences, and recognize that treating illness begins with prevention in early childhood. The trauma informed care (TIC) model offers a treatment approach that lends consideration to the traumatic experiences that impact a given patient and allows for more complete treatment by their physician. Delivering care under the TIC model encourages trauma identification, early intervention, system level awareness and policy change, and avoiding retraumatization in the therapeutic setting. Various programs across the country seek to employ these methods at the community, state, and federal level. Several programs aimed at introducing medical students to these principles have contributed to an incorporation of TIC within the physician pipeline. In this Commentary, the author proposes an expansion of the Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine with a fifth principle—considering the implications of a patient’s past formative experiences, their present life circumstances, and their future prospects—as a vehicle for instilling TIC principles ubiquitously throughout osteopathic medical training to develop physicians who treat the whole person more completely and are better equipped to manage this public health crisis.
The utility of serum inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin growth factor-1 in predicting a positive response to GnRH analogs for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls
Authors: Ziqin Liu , Qinwei Song , Xiaobo Chen , Xiaohui Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The use of inhibin B (INHB), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in differentiating central precocious puberty (CPP) from non-CPP was evaluated.

Methods
In total, 115 Chinese girls were recruited (CPP: 44, non-CPP: 71). The diagnostic performance of INHB, AMH and IGF-1 in differentiating CPP from non-CPP was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
INHB levels were higher in the CPP group than in the non-CPP group (55.56 ± 22.42 vs. 32.97 ± 15.59 pg/mL; p<0.001). AMH levels were similar in the CPP and non-CPP groups (6.63 ± 3.74 vs. 5.70 ± 3.15 pg/mL; p=0.158), and IGF-1 levels were much higher in the CPP group than in the non-CPP group (290.75 ± 79.78 vs. 200.10 ± 54.01 pg/mL; p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was greatest for INHB (0.819, standard error (SE) 0.041), followed by IGF-1 (0.809, SE 0.047) and AMH (0.567, SE 0.057). Among the ROC curves including combinations of these parameters, the AUC for INHB + IGF-1 was 0.849 and that for INHB + AMH was 0.768.

Conclusions
Serum INHB and IGF-1 measurements could predict positive responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog stimulation in girls with precocious puberty.
Hypoxia stimulates the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma via up-regulating the NUSAP1 expression
Authors: Zhang Ling , Song Jingtao , Xin Xu , Sun Donghong , Huang Huiting , Chen Yang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Yiming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, which most commonly occurs in children and adolescents. This study aims to reveal that hypoxia promotes the invasion of osteosarcoma cells by up-regulating the expression of NUSAP1. The expression of HIF-1α and NUSAP1 was significantly up-regulated in MG63 cells cultured in hypoxia for 6–36 h. Furthermore, hypoxia induced the migration and invasion of MG63 cells and regulated the level of E-cad, N-cad, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, MMP2, and MMP9 proteins. Importantly, knockdown of NUSAP1 inhibited hypoxia-induced cell migration and invasion. In the hypoxia microenvironment, the addition of HIF-1α inhibitor or the transfection of siRNA specifically targeting HIF-1α significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1α and NUSAP1 and markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of MG63 cells under the hypoxia microenvironment. In conclusion, hypoxia induced the expression of NUSAP1 in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, stimulating the migration and invasion of MG63 cells.
Breaking the barriers – towards a more inclusive chemical sciences community
Authors: Norton Laura , Palermo Ale 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is now generally recognised that to get the very best scientific outputs we need a diversity of inputs and talents however, progress is still slow. Whilst we have made some progress to improve equality, diversity and inclusion in the chemical sciences in relation to gender, there is still a long way to go. Today chemistry does not yet welcome everyone—but it should, and it will.
In-mold lightweight integrating for structural/functional devices
Authors: Yuan Zhijun , Zhang Qingsong , Wang Hui , Chen Yizhe , Bai Qiuyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Integration of function in structure is troublesome for structural/functional devices. A novel method of in-mold integrating for structural/functional devices was proposed and studied. In this method, a functional film was prepared by printing and surface mounting to achieve electrical functions, and then the film was formed and back molded into a final product. Owing to the complex electronic film, new problems are raised in the in-mold integrating process. The process was modeled, and was designed with the genetic algorithm. The interaction between the melt and the mounted film was analyzed by two-way fluid-structure coupling. Heat dissipation with anisotropic thermal conductivity was examined. Accordingly, a control panel was manufactured and tested. From the study, the functional film, causing asymmetrical cooling issue, results in concave warpage, which can be effectively controlled by comprehensive processing optimization. Film deformation is significant at button area because of tiny hollow structure. The deformation can be decreased by the epoxy encapsulation. The anisotropic thermal conductivity and injection layer cause heat dissipation problem, and thermal effect should be checked and designed by full thermal analysis. With the designed scheme, manufactured panels can perform all control functions, satisfy appearance requirements, and achieve lightweight performance.
Antifouling enhancement of polyacrylonitrile-based membrane grafted with poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) layers
Authors: Hu Jianlong , Zhu Xuanren , Xie Deqiong , Peng Xianya , Zhu Meng , Cheng Feixiang , Shen Xiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, zwitterionic polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based membranes were synthesized via surface grafting strategy for improving the antifouling properties. The copolymer membrane consisting of PAN and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) segments, was cast via nonsolvent induced phase separation, and then treated with acryloyl chloride to tether with carbon-carbon double bonds. Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) layers were grafted onto membrane surface via concerted reactions of radical grafting copolymerization and quaternization with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and 1, 3-propanesultone (1, 3-PS) as the monomers. The grafting degree (GD) of PSBMA layers increases with the incremental content of monomers, leading to the enhancement in membranes surface hydrophilicity. The permeation experiments show that the flux of the zwitterionic membrane increases and then decreases with the increasing GD value, because of the surface coverage of PSBMA layers. The zwitterionic membrane has excellent separation efficiency for oil-in-water emulsion, with the rejection of a higher value than 99%. The irreversible membrane fouling caused by oil adsorption has been suppressed, as proved by the cycle-filtration tests. These outcomes confirm that oil-fouling resistances of membranes are improved obviously by the surface grafting of zwitterionic PSBMA layers.
Association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taziki Balajelini Mohammad Hosein , Mohammadi Masoud , Rajabi Abdolhalim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether a possible association of mobile phone use with hearing impairment was conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Content

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was carried out based on the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) methodology using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, and Cochrane. The Robins-I tool was used for quality assessment and risk of bias. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles. Pooled effect size was calculated and meta-analysis was performed to compute an overall effect size.

Summary

Overall, five relevant studies (two cross-sectional and three cohort studies) with 92,978 participants were included in the analysis. The studies were stratified by design, there was no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment in cross-sectional studies (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.57–1.31) and cohort studies (OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.93–1.25). In addition, the effect estimates did not differ significantly between cross-sectional and cohort studies (Q=0.50, p=0.48). Overall, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of hearing impairment was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94–1.20), which indicates no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment.

Outlook

Our findings indicate no association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution.
Heterotridentate organodiphosphines in Pt(η3–P1X1P2)(Y) derivatives-structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This review covers over 30 examples of monomeric Pt(II) complexes of the types: Pt(η3–P1O1P2)(Y) (Y = PL, CL, OL), Pt(η3–P1N1P2)(Y) (Y = H, NL, CL, Cl, PL) and Pt(η3–P1P2N1)(Y) (Y = Cl). The heterotridentate donor ligands create 11 types of a couple chelate rings with common central atom O1 (η3–P1O1P2), N1 (η3–P1N1P2) and P2 (η3–P1P2N1). The most frequent is P1C2N1C2P2. Some cooperative effects between chelate rings and Y donor ligands were found and discussed. A degree of distortions of square-planar geometry about Pt(II) were also calculated.
Rechtsmobilisierung. Ein Systematisierungsversuch
Authors: Fuchs Gesine 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungRechtsmobilisierung ist ein Versuch, unvermeidlich auftretende Konflikte in Gesellschaften friedlich zu bearbeiten. Sie kann daher zur Festigung von Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit beitragen. Um mögliche Wirkungen zu analysieren, muss Rechtsmobilisierung in einen sozialen und politischen Kontext gestellt werden. Ausgehend von Erhard Blankenburgs Arbeit zu individueller Rechtsmobilisierung schlägt dieser Beitrag eine Systematisierung von Rechtsmobilisierung vor, die individuelle und kollektive, diskursive und juristische Formen des Handelns umfasst. Diese Perspektive ermöglicht die Analyse der Wechselwirkungen zwischen diesen Formen. Besonders der Einbezug diskursiver Mobilisierung hilft, juristische Mobilisierung zu verstehen und zu erklären.
Digital ‘Lakshman Rekhas’: Understanding the Impact of Safety Apps on Women’s Freedom of Movement in Urban Spaces
Authors: Das Kaushiki 
Published: July 2021

The paper examines how technologies intended for ensuring women’s safety affect freedom of movement and reproduce masculine domination over space.
Since times immemorial, humans have had an innate desire to explore and discover new spaces. However, for women, this desire has often been curtailed, due to the fear of being harassed or assaulted. Women tend to live by the ‘rape clock’; their daily routines, clothes, travel schedules and companions are constantly adjusted according to the location they have to visit. The recent proliferation of safety apps seek to offer a more secure way to travel through neighbourhoods. Inbuilt with safety audits, these apps prescribe the routes that women can take to travel to their destinations. The apps allow users to evaluate their current location in terms of seemingly objective parameters like security, openness, crowd density, lighting and transportation. In addition, the users can proactively determine the ‘safety score’ of the locality depending on how they feel about it and can also share its photos to justify the score.
However, the paper argues, safety apps tend to circumscribe women’s desire to loiter. By recommending routes to travel safely and by constantly prescribing the parameters that women need to keep in mind while venturing out, these apps narrow down the spaces women can access. It enhances the fear of being assaulted and curtails the pleasure of loitering. Secondly, the apps neglect the fact that conceptions of safety vary according to one’s social location. Most safety apps begin with the notion that their users comprise of an abstract, universal category of women. But, individuals hailing from different backgrounds, including class, caste, education, region and religion experience the world differently. What counts as a safe neighbourhood for one may be considered unsafe by another. The subjective evaluations in safety apps tend to present a lopsided notion of safety which may tilt the scales against localities frequented by people hailing from minority communities. This may have other cascading effects such as overpolicing, non-access to goods and financial services, etc. In addition, these apps tend to shift the onus of safety onto the woman. Moreover, the GPS tracking feature of apps is undergirded in the misogynistic logic that women’s movements are to be controlled.
The paper therefore critically analyses intriguing questions — How do safety apps determine what constitutes a safe neighbourhood for women? To what extent do these apps encourage freedom of movement for women? How can safety apps be restructured to accommodate women’s desire to loiter?
Adrenal ganglioneuromas: a retrospective multicentric study of 104 cases from the COMETE network
Authors: Deflorenne Elisa , Peuchmaur Michel , Vezzosi Delphine , Ajzenberg Christiane , Brunaud Laurent , Chevalier Nicolas , Christin-Maitre Sophie , Decoudier Bénédicte , Driessens Natacha , Drui Delphine D , Gilly Olivier , Goudet Pierre , Illouz Frédéric , Jublanc Christel , Lefebvre Hervé , Lopez Antoine-Guy , Lussey Charlotte , Morini Aurelien , Raffin-Sanson Marie-Laure , Raingeard Isabelle , Renoult-Pierre Peggy , Storey Caroline , Tabarin Antoine , Vantyghem Marie Christine , Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle , Baudin Eric , Bertherat Jerome , Amar Laurence 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Adrenal ganglioneuromas are rare, differentiated, neuroblastic tumors that originate from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Because of their rarity, information is limited, derived from small cases series. Our objective was to characterize this tumor and provide help for its management.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter analysis of adrenal ganglioneuromas from 20 French centers belonging to the COMETE network and one Belgian center.

Results
Among the 104 cases identified, 59.6% were women (n = 62/104), median age at diagnosis was 29 years, with 24 pediatric cases. 60.6% (n = 63/104) were incidentalomas. Ganglioneuromas were non-secreting tumors in 90.8% of cases (n = 89/98), whereas the preoperative hormonal evaluation was indeterminate for 9.2% of patients (n = 9/98). CT imaging, performed on 96 patients, revealed large tumors (median diameter of 50 mm) with a non-contrast density > 10 Hounsfield units in 98.1% (n = 52/53) and calcifications in 64.6% of cases (n = 31/48). Increased uptake on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and 18F-FDG-PET/CT was observed in 26.7% (n = 8/30) and 42.2% (n = 19/45) of the tumors, respectively. All 104 patients underwent surgery. No recurrence was observed among the 42 patients who had an imaging follow-up (mean 29.6 months, median 18 months (4–156)).

Conclusion
Adrenal ganglioneuromas are large tumors, mostly nonfunctioning, without benign imaging features. Although the duration of follow-up was limited in our series, no recurrence was identified. A review of the literature confirms the absence of postoperative recurrence. Based on all available data, in the absence of special circumstances (genetic form, uncertain histological diagnosis), long-term follow-up is not necessary after complete surgery for patients with an adrenal ganglioneuroma.
The application of salutogenesis to teaching and learning – A systematic review
Authors: de Oliveira Olney R. , Kiss E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe inclusion of salutogenic principles in education deepens and broadens the understanding of the teaching and learning process in a healthy way and opens the potential to create a sound educational environment characterised by the prevention of burnout, improved physical and mental health, and higher levels of achievement. The aim of this review is to fill the lack of comprehensive information regarding the relationship of salutogenesis, sense of coherence, and the process of teaching and learning.Materials/methodsA literature search was carried out in Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases with the cutoff date of July 2020. Search words were sense of coherence, salutogenesis, education, school, academic performance, achievement, students, and their combinations. Altogether 62 articles were found on the relationship of salutogenesis, sense of coherence, and education but only 6 were related to salutogenic teaching/learning process. These were included in the present review.ResultsThe studies included in this review presented salutogenic models related to teaching literacy as a learning process through life, building sustainable relationship between supervisor and students, improving transcultural competence, and being able to solve conflicts across cultures. Practical implications were demonstrated such as the use of drawing as an integration tool to improve self-expression and emotional recognition, realisation of teaching practice as an exercise for self-consciousness, and introducing the concept of teacher as a source of emotional security for students.ConclusionsThe models bring different but equally valuable contribution to the salutogenic teaching process which strengthens the educational environments resulting in better academic performance, as well as physical and mental health.
Pensamiento político de los adolescentes a través de las narrativas transmedia
Authors: Pérez Jairo Antonio , Peláez Diana , Molina Ruth , Duque Álvaro 
Published: July 2021

¿Cómo fomentar una cultura de participación política en adolescentes a través de un juego de realidad alternativa (ARG, por sus siglas en inglés)? Fue la pregunta de investigación planteada en este proyecto, que se intentó responder siguiendo un enfoque metodológico mixto.

Para ello, se rastrearon experiencias de participación política de adolescentes mediadas por el uso de las narrativas transmedia en Colombia. Además, se diseñó una metodología de etnografía transmedia a fin de fomentar la participación y el pensamiento político-crítico en adolescentes. Además, en tercer lugar, se comenzó a estructurar la arquitectura base del ARG, a partir de los hallazgos obtenidos en los pasos anteriores. Ahora se está en el la construcción conjunta del ARG con un grupo específico de adolescentes.