bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers’ perception of faecal microbiota transplantation with clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a quantitative systematic review
Authors: Liu Yanghua , Alnababtah Kal , Cook Simon , Yu Ying 
Published: September 2021

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are global gastroenterological diseases that cause considerable burden on human health, healthcare systems, and society. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection (rCDI) and a promising therapy for IBD. However, indication for FMT in IBD is still unofficial. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is seeking healthcare providers’ advice on whether to update FMT guidelines. Methods: A systematic review methodology was adopted for this study. Five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature were systematically searched for English language literature to 14 May 2021. The quality of the included studies was then appraised using the Institute for Public Health Sciences cross-sectional studies tool, after which the findings of the studies were narratively synthesised. Results: Thirteen cross-sectional studies with 4110 validated questionnaire responses were included. Narrative synthesis found that 39.43% of respondents were familiar with FMT (N = 3746, 95%CI = 37.87%–41%), 58.81% of respondents would recommend FMT to their patients (N = 1141, 95%CI = 55.95%–61.67%), 66.67% of respondents considered lack of clinical evidence was the greatest concern regarding FMT (N = 1941, 95%CI = 64.57%–68.77%), and 40.43% respondents would not implement FMT due to concerns about infection transmission (N = 1128, 95%CI = 37.57%–43.29%). Conclusion: Healthcare providers’ knowledge of FMT is relatively low and education is an effective strategy to improve it. As knowledge of FMT increases, willingness to recommend it also increases. Strengthening FMT clinical efficacy and reducing infection can enhance its public acceptance, application and popularity. However, further research is required to explore the donor screening procedure.
A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parasocial Relationships and Breakups With Characters of a Health-Related TV Show on Self-Efficacy and Exercise Behavior: The Case of The Biggest Loser
Authors: Siegenthaler Perina , Aegerter Tanja , Fahr Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Overweight is one of the major health-related challenges in industrialized countries and mostly preventable through a healthy diet and regular engagement in physical activity. Health communication practitioners and researchers, therefore, started using the media’s persuasive potential by creating entertainment-education (E-E) programs that promote healthy nutrition and exercise. By observing the characters in E-E programs, audience members can learn vicariously and eventually develop personal bonds with them. The current study investigates the effects of parasocial relationships (PSRs) with characters of a health-related E-E show, as well as the impact of parasocial breakups (PSBUs) on health-relevant outcomes. Using the setting of the show The Biggest Loser (TBL), we conducted a quasi-experimental longitudinal field study. Participants ( N = 149) watched shortened episodes of the show once a week for 5 weeks. Results showed that PSRs with the reality TV characters did not increase over time and after repeated exposure. Findings furthermore suggest that PSR did not influence self-efficacy perceptions or exercise behavior over time. Parasocial breakup distress intensity was neither related to self-efficacy nor to exercise behavior. Interpretations of these findings and implications for better understanding the effects of PSRs and PSBUs are discussed.
Phase 1/2 study of uproleselan added to chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: DeAngelo Daniel J. , Jonas Brian A. , Liesveld Jane L. , Bixby Dale L. , Advani Anjali S. , Marlton Paula , Magnani John L. , Thackray Helen M. , Feldman Eric J. , O’Dwyer Michael E. , Becker Pamela S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Uproleselan (GMI-1271) is a novel E-selectin antagonist that disrupts cell survival pathways, enhances chemotherapy response, improves survival in mouse xenograft and syngeneic models, and decreases chemotherapy toxicity in vivo. A phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and antileukemic activity of uproleselan (5-20 mg/kg) with MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) among patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among the first 19 patients, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was 10 mg/kg twice daily. An additional 47 patients with R/R AML were treated with uproleselan at the RP2D plus MEC. At the RP2D, the remission rate (complete response [CR]/CR with incomplete count recovery [CRi]) was 41% (CR, 35%), and the median overall survival (OS) was 8.8 months. In a separate cohort, 25 newly diagnosed patients age ≥60 years received uproleselan at the RP2D plus cytarabine and idarubicin (7 + 3). In these frontline patients, the CR/CRi rate was 72% (CR, 52%), and the median OS was 12.6 months. The addition of uproleselan was associated with low rates of oral mucositis. E-selectin ligand expression on leukemic blasts was higher in patients with relapsed vs primary refractory AML and in newly diagnosed older patients with high-risk cytogenetics and secondary AML. In the R/R cohort, E-selectin expression &gt;10% was associated with a higher response rate and improved survival. The addition of uproleselan to chemotherapy was well tolerated, with high remission rates, low induction mortality, and low rates of mucositis, providing a strong rationale for phase 3 randomized confirmatory studies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02306291.
Defining the transcriptional control of pediatric AML highlights RARA as a superenhancer-regulated druggable dependency
Authors: Perez Monika W. , Sias-Garcia Oscar , Daramola Alfred , Wei Helen , Terrell Maci , Rashid Raushan , Park Woojun D. , Duong Kevin , Horton Terzah M. , Li Feng , Cherayil Nikitha , Koren Jost Vrabic , Gant Vincent U. , Junco Jacob J. , Curry Choladda V. , Stevens Alexandra M. , Lin Charles Y. , Yi Joanna S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Somatic mutations are rare in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML), indicating that alternate strategies are needed to identify targetable dependencies. We performed the first enhancer mapping of pAML in 22 patient samples. Generally, pAML samples were distinct from adult AML samples, and MLL (KMT2A)–rearranged samples were also distinct from non–KMT2A-rearranged samples. Focusing specifically on superenhancers (SEs), we identified SEs associated with many known leukemia regulators. The retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene was differentially regulated in our cohort, and a RARA-associated SE was detected in 64% of the study cohort across all cytogenetic and molecular subtypes tested. RARA SE+ pAML cell lines and samples exhibited high RARA messenger RNA levels. These samples were specifically sensitive to the synthetic RARA agonist tamibarotene in vitro, with slowed proliferation, apoptosis induction, differentiation, and upregulated retinoid target gene expression, compared with RARA SE− samples. Tamibarotene prolonged survival and suppressed the leukemia burden of an RARA SE+ pAML patient-derived xenograft mouse model compared with a RARA SE− patient-derived xenograft. Our work shows that examining chromatin regulation can identify new, druggable dependencies in pAML and provides a rationale for a pediatric tamibarotene trial in children with RARA-high AML.
Infectious complications in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Kambhampati Swetha , Sheng Ying , Huang Chiung-Yu , Bylsma Sophia , Lo Mimi , Kennedy Vanessa , Natsuhara Kelsey , Martin Thomas , Wolf Jeffrey , Shah Nina , Wong Sandy W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (BCMA CAR-T) is an effective treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM). However, the pattern of infectious complications is not well elucidated. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of infection outcomes up to 1 year after BCMA CAR-T for MM from 2018 to 2020. Fifty-five patients with MM were treated with BCMA CAR-T. Before lymphodepletion (LD), 35% of patients had severe hypogammaglobulinemia and 18% had severe lymphopenia. Most patients (68%) received bridging chemotherapy (BC) before LD. In the first month after CAR-T, 98% patients had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia. At 1 year after infusion, 76% patients had hypogammaglobulinemia. With a median follow-up of 6.0 months (95% confidence interval, 4.7-7.4), there were a total of 47 infection events in 29 (53%) patients: 40% bacterial, 53% viral, and 6% fungal. Most (92%) were mild-moderate and of the lower/upper respiratory tract system (68%). Half of the infections (53%) occurred in the first 100 days after CAR-T infusion. Although no statistically significant risk factors for infection were identified, prior lines of therapy, use of BC, recent infections, and post–CAR-T lymphopenia were identified as possible risk factors that need to be further explored. This is the largest study to date to assess infectious complications after BCMA CAR-T. Despite multiple risk factors for severe immunosuppression in this cohort, relatively few life-threatening or severe infections occurred. Further larger studies are needed to better characterize the risk factors for and occurrence of infections after BCMA CAR-T.
CGRP antibody therapy in patients with drug resistant migraine and chronic daily headache: a real-world experience
Authors: Scheffler Armin , Schenk Hannah , Wurthmann Sebastian , Nsaka Michael , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Glas Martin , Holle Dagny 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (receptor) antibodies (erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab) are increasingly used in prophylactic treatment of migraine. In the approval studies, severely affected patients with migraine and chronic daily headache without any headache free days were excluded. Thus, less is known about the effectiveness of CGRP antibody treatment in this cohort.

Methods
Clinical routine data of 32 patients with migraine and daily headache were analysed after three months of treatment with a CGRP antibody (16 erenumab, 7 galcanezumab, 9 fremanezumab), including changes of monthly headache days (MHD) monthly migraine days (MMD) and monthly acute medication intake (AMD) as well as migraine characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon-Test. Migraine characteristics were analysed descriptively.

Results
The number of MHD was significantly reduced (mean reduction (standard error), p-value): (-4.2 (1.3), p = 0.009) as well as MMD (-4.3 (1.6), p = 0.033). Four patients (13 %) reached a 50 % reduction regarding MHD and 8 patients (25 %) regarding MMD, migraine duration and intensity improved under therapy.

Conclusions
Despite the low responder rate, CGRP antibodies can be effective at least in a few cases of severely affected patients with drug resistant migraine and chronic daily headache.

Trial registration
Retrospective registered.
Plasmon-Enhanced Light Absorption in (p-i-n) Junction GaAs Nanowire Solar Cells: An FDTD Simulation Method Study
Authors: Dawi E. A. , Karar A. A. , Mustafa E. , Nur O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA finite-difference time-domain method is developed for studying the plasmon enhancement of light absorption from vertically aligned GaAs nanowire arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles. Vertically aligned GaAs nanowires with a length of 1 µm, a diameter of 100 nm and a periodicity of 165–500 nm are functionalized with Au nanoparticles with a diameter between 30 and 60 nm decorated in the sidewall of the nanowires. The results show that the metal nanoparticles can improve the absorption efficiency through their plasmonic resonances, most significantly within the near-bandgap edge of GaAs. By optimizing the nanoparticle parameters, an absorption enhancement of almost 35% at 800 nm wavelength is achieved. The latter increases the chance of generating more electron–hole pairs, which leads to an increase in the overall efficiency of the solar cell. The proposed structure emerges as a promising material combination for high-efficiency solar cells.
Effects of co-adsorption on interfacial charge transfer in a quantum dot@dye composite
Authors: Cui Peng , Xue Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sensitive electronic environment at the quantum dot (QD)–dye interface becomes a roadblock to enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-functionalized quantum dots (QDs). Energy alignments and electronic couplings are the critical factors governing the directions and rates of different charge transfer pathways at the interface, which are tunable by changing the specific linkage groups that connect a dye to the QD surface. The variation of specific anchors changes the binding configurations of a dye on the QD surface. In addition, the presence of a co-adsorbent changes the dipole–dipole and electronic interactions between a QD and a dye, resulting in different electronic environments at the interface. In the present work, we performed density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations to study the different binding configurations of N719 dye on the surface of a Cd33Se33 QD with a co-adsorbent D131 dye. The results revealed that the electronic couplings for electron transfer were greater than for hole transfer when the structure involved isocyanate groups as anchors. Such strong electronic couplings significantly stabilize the occupied states of the dye, pushing them deep inside the valence band of the QD and making hole transfer in these structures thermodynamically unfavourable. When carboxylates were involved as anchors, the electronic couplings for hole transfer were comparable to electron transfer, implying efficient charge separation at the QD–dye interface and reduced electron–hole recombination within the QD. We also found that the electronic couplings for electron transfer were larger than those for back electron transfer, suggesting efficient charge separation in photoexcited QDs. Overall, the current computational study reveals some fundamental aspects of the relationship between the interfacial charge transfer for QD@dye composites and their morphologies which benefit the design of QD-based nanomaterials for photovoltaic applications.
Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Potential Evaluation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Escherichia coli
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Ijaz Muhammad , Ikram Muhammad , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Avais Muhammad , Anjum Aftab Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of resistance against antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections along with the prevalence of medication residues presents significant public health problems globally. Antibiotic-resistant germs result in infections that are difficult or impossible to treat. Decreasing antibiotic effectiveness calls for rapid development of alternative antimicrobials. In this respect, nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO) manifest a latent and flexible inorganic nanostructure with noteworthy antimicrobial impact. Green synthesis of CuO NPs was performed in the current study, which was then doped with varying amounts of ginger (Zingiber officinale, ZO) and garlic (Allium sativum, AS) extracts. In low and high doses, the synthesized compound was used to measure the antimicrobial effectiveness against pathogenic Escherichia coli. The present research successfully demonstrated a renewable, eco-friendly synthesis technique with natural materials that is equally applicable to other green metal oxide NPs.
Evaluating post-operative venous thromboembolism risk in urology patients using a validated risk assessment model
Authors: Padayachee Winston Paul René , Haffejee Mohamed , Nel Marietha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of post-surgical morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to apply a validated risk assessment model to evaluate the risk of post-operative VTE in urology patients.

Methods
This prospective descriptive observational study used the Caprini risk assessment model to evaluate VTE risk in patients planned for elective urology surgery at a tertiary Johannesburg hospital from January to June 2020.

Results
Two hundred and twenty-six patients with a mean age of 52 years were evaluated for post-operative VTE risk. The population was generally overweight, with a mean BMI of 26.3 kg/m2. The mean Caprini score was 4.42, reflecting a population at high risk for post-operative VTE. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in this regard. On average, participants had three risk factors for post-operative VTE. Fifteen per cent of all patients were at low risk for VTE, while 40.3% of participants were categorised as moderate risk. The category with the highest percentage of participants (44.7%) was the high-risk category (Caprini score ≥ 5). High-risk patients undergoing oncology surgery comprised 16.8% of the population, and these patients may require extended duration pharmacological thromboprophylaxis to prevent VTE. The most clinically significant risk factors for post-operative VTE included age, obesity, malignancy and HIV infection.

Conclusion
Venous thromboembolism may be difficult to diagnose, and clinicians may underestimate the risk for it to develop. Risk assessment models, such as the Caprini score, are objective and a practical tool to guide the application of thromboprophylaxis. The application of the Caprini RAM in the elective urological surgery population at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital yields similar results to studies performed elsewhere on similar surgical populations. Further research is required to evaluate whether the actual incidence of VTE correlates with the risk assessment in this population. Clinician compliance with the use of RAMs as well as the corresponding recommendations for prophylaxis may need to be evaluated. A validated risk assessment model which accounts for procedure-specific risks in urology may be useful.
Reverse engineering gene regulatory network based on complex-valued ordinary differential equation model
Authors: Yang Bin , Bao Wenzheng , Zhang Wei , Wang Haifeng , Song Chuandong , Chen Yuehui , Jiang Xiuying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe growing researches of molecular biology reveal that complex life phenomena have the ability to demonstrating various types of interactions in the level of genomics. To establish the interactions between genes or proteins and understand the intrinsic mechanisms of biological systems have become an urgent need and study hotspot.ResultsIn order to forecast gene expression data and identify more accurate gene regulatory network, complex-valued version of ordinary differential equation (CVODE) is proposed in this paper. In order to optimize CVODE model, a complex-valued hybrid evolutionary method based on Grammar-guided genetic programming and complex-valued firefly algorithm is presented.ConclusionsWhen tested on three real gene expression datasets fromE.coliand Human Cell, the experiment results suggest that CVODE model could improve 20–50% prediction accuracy of gene expression data, which could also infer more true-positive regulatory relationships and less false-positive regulations than ordinary differential equation.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile under abiotic stress of the barley non-specific lipid transfer protein gene family and its Qingke Orthologues
Authors: Duo Jiecuo , Xiong Huiyan , Wu Xiongxiong , Li Yuan , Si Jianping , Zhang Chao , Duan Ruijun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), a group of small, basic ubiquitous proteins to participate in lipid transfer, cuticle formation and stress response, are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. To date, although the nsLTP gene family of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been preliminarily identified, it is still unclear in the recently completed genome database of barley and Qingke, and its transcriptional profiling under abiotic stress has not been elucidated as well.

Results
We identified 40 barley nsLTP (HvLTP) genes through a strict screening strategy based on the latest barley genome and 35 Qingke nsLTP (HtLTP) orthologues using blastp, and these LTP genes were divided into four types (1, 2, D and G). At the same time, a comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics, homology alignment, conserved motifs, gene structure and evolution of HvLTPs and HtLTPs further supported their similar nsLTP characteristics and classification. The genomic location of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that these genes were unevenly distributed, and obvious HvLTP and HtLTP gene clusters were found on the 7 chromosomes including six pairs of tandem repeats and one pair of segment repeats in the barley genome, indicating that these genes may be co-evolutionary and co-regulated. A spatial expression analysis showed that most HvLTPs and HtLTPs had different tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, the upstream cis-element analysis of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that there were many different stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements, and the expression pattern of HvLTPs and HtLTPs under abiotic stress also indicated that numerous HvLTP and HtLTP genes were related to the abiotic stress response. Taken together, these results may be due to the differences in promoters rather than by genes themselves resulting in different expression patterns under abiotic stress.

Conclusion
Due to a stringent screening and comprehensive analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and Qingke and its expression profile under abiotic stress, this study can be considered a useful source for the future studies of nsLTP genes in either barley or Qingke or for comparisons of different plant species.