bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical design of Lyapunov functions for a class of homogeneous discontinuous systems
Authors: Mendoza‐Avila Jesús , Efimov Denis , Ushirobira Rosane , Moreno Jaime A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the analytical and numerical design of a Lyapunov function for homogeneous and discontinuous systems. First, the presented converse theorems provide two analytic expressions of homogeneous and locally Lipschitz continuous Lyapunov functions for homogeneous discontinuous systems of negative homogeneity degree, generalizing classical results. Second, a methodology for the numerical construction of those Lyapunov functions is extended to the class of systems under consideration. Finally, the developed theory is applied to the numerical design of a Lyapunov function for some higher‐order sliding mode algorithms.
Nanoparticle Assembling Dynamics Induced by Pulsed Optical Force
Authors: Jui‐Kai Chen Jim , Chiang Wei‐Yi , Kudo Tetsuhiro , Usman Anwar , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFemtosecond (fs) laser trapping dynamics is summarized for silica, hydrophobically modified silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution, highlighting their distinct optical trapping dynamics under CW laser. Mutually repulsive silica nanoparticles are tightly confined under fs laser compared to CW laser trapping and, upon increasing laser power, they are ejected from the focus as an assembly. Hydrophobically modified silica and polystyrene (PS) NPs are sequentially ejected just like a stream or ablated, giving bubbles. The ejection and bubbling take place with the direction perpendicular to laser polarization and its direction is randomly switched from one to the other. These characteristic features are interpreted from the viewpoint of single assembly formation of NPs at an asymmetric position in the optical potential. Temporal change in optical forces map is prepared for a single PS NP by calculating scattering, gradient, and temporal forces. The relative contribution of the forces changes with the volume increase of the assembly and, when the pushing force along the trapping pulse propagation overcome the gradient in the focal plane, the assembly undergoes the ejection. Further fs multiphoton absorption is induced for the larger assembly leading to bubble generation. The assembling, ejection, and bubbling dynamics of NPs are characteristic features of pulsed optical force and are considered as a new platform for developing new material fabrication method.
Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass
Authors: Yu Shuhao , Fang Tilin , Dong Hongxu , Yan Liuling , Martin Dennis L. , Moss Justin Q. , Fontanier Charles H. , Wu Yanqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy is frequently used to cross with C. dactylon Pers. in the creation of F1 hybrid cultivars that are some of the most widely used in the worldwide turf industry. However, molecular resource development in this species is limited. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to construct a high‐density genetic map, and to identify genomic regions associated with establishment rate. In this study, we constructed the first high‐density linkage map for African bermudagrass using a genotyping by sequencing approach based on 109 S1 progenies. A total of 1,246 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 32 simple sequence repeat markers were integrated in the linkage map. The total length of nine linkage groups was 882.3 cM, with an average distance of 0.69 cM per interval. Four genomic regions were identified to be associated with sod establishment rate. The results provide important genetic resources towards understanding the genome as well as marker‐assisted selection for improving the establishment rate in bermudagrass breeding.
Genomic prediction enables rapid selection of high‐performing genets in an intermediate wheatgrass breeding program
Authors: Crain Jared , DeHaan Lee , Poland Jesse 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn an era of constrained and depleted natural resources, perennial grains could provide sustainable food production along with beneficial ecosystem services like reduced erosion and increased atmospheric carbon capture. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] has been undergoing continuous breeding for domestication to develop a perennial grain crop since the 1980s. As a perennial, IWG has required 2–5 yr per selection generation, but starting in 2017, genomic selection (GS) was initiated in the breeding program at The Land Institute, Salina, KS (TLI), enabling one complete cycle per year. For each cycle, ∼4,000 seedlings were profiled using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were calculated. Selection based on GEBVs identified ∼100 individuals to advance as parents each generation, while validation populations of 1,000–1,200 genets for GS model training were also selected using the genomic relationship matrix to represent genetic diversity in each cycle. The selected parents were randomly intermated in a greenhouse crossing block to form the subsequent cycle, while the validation populations were transplanted to irrigated and nonirrigated field sites for phenotypic evaluations in the following years. For priority breeding traits of seed mass, free threshing, and nonshattering, correlations between predicted values and observed data were >.5. The realized selection differential ranged from 11–23% for selected traits, and the expected genetic gains for these traits, including spike yield, ranged from 6 to 14% per year. Genomic selection is a powerful tool to speed the domestication and development of IWG and other perennial crops with extended breeding timelines.
A Formal Model for Emulating the Generation of Human Knowledge in Semantic Memory
Authors: Cerone Antonio , Pluck Graham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe transfer of information processed by human beings from their short-term memory (STM) to their semantic memory creates two kinds of knowledge: a semantic network of associations and a structured set of rules to govern human deliberate behaviour under explicit attention. This paper focuses on the memory processes that create the first of these two kinds of knowledge. Human memory storage and processing are modeled using the Real-time Maude rewrite language. Maude’s capability of specifying complex data structures as many sorted algebras and the time features of Real-Time Maude are exploited for (1) providing a means for formalising alternative memory models, (2) modelling in silico experiments to compare and validate such models. We aim at using our model for the comparison of alternative cognitive hypothesis and theories and the analysis of interactive systems.
The Grassmannian-like coset model and the higher spin currents
Authors: Ahn Changhyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the Grassmannian-like coset model, $$ \frac{\mathrm{SU}{\left(N+M\right)}_k}{\mathrm{SU}{(N)}_k\times \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{kNM\left(N+M\right)}} $$

SU

N
+
M

k

SU

N

k

×
U

1

kNM

N
+
M

, Creutzig and Hikida have found the charged spin-2, 3 currents and the neutral spin-2, 3 currents previously. In this paper, as an extension of Gaberdiel-Gopakumar conjecture found ten years ago, we calculate the operator product expansion (OPE) between the charged spin-2 current and itself, the OPE between the charged spin-2 current and the charged spin-3 current and the OPE between the neutral spin-3 current and itself for generic N, M and k. From the second OPE, we obtain the new charged quasi primary spin-4 current while from the last one, the new neutral primary spin-4 current is found implicitly. The infinity limit of k in the structure constants of the OPEs is described in the context of asymptotic symmetry of MM matrix generalization of AdS3 higher spin theory. Moreover, the OPE between the charged spin-3 current and itself is determined for fixed (N, M) = (5, 4) with arbitrary k up to the third order pole. We also obtain the OPEs between charged spin-1, 2, 3 currents and neutral spin-3 current. From the last OPE, we realize that there exists the presence of the above charged quasi primary spin-4 current in the second order pole for fixed (N, M) = (5, 4). We comment on the complex free fermion realization.
General anomaly matching by Goldstone bosons
Authors: Yonekura Kazuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe how Goldstone bosons of spontaneous symmetry breakingG→Hcan reproduce anomalies of UV theories under the symmetry groupGat the nonpertur- bative level. This is done by giving a general definition of Wess-Zumino-Witten terms in terms of the invertible field theories ind+ 1 dimensions which describe the anomalies ofd-dimensional UV theories. The hidden local symmetry$$ \hat{H} $$Ĥ, which is used to describe Goldstone bosons in coset constructionG/H, plays an important role. Our definition also naturally leads to generalizedθ-angles of the hidden local gauge group$$ \hat{H} $$Ĥ. We illustrate this point by SO(Nc) (or Spin(Nc)) QCD-like theories in four dimensions.
Infinite decreasing chains in the Mitchell order
Authors: Ben-Neria Omer , Müller Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is known that the behavior of the Mitchell order substantially changes at the level of rank-to-rank extenders, as it ceases to be well-founded. While the possible partial order structure of the Mitchell order below rank-to-rank extenders is considered to be well understood, little is known about the structure in the ill-founded case. The purpose of the paper is to make a first step in understanding this case, by studying the extent to which the Mitchell order can be ill-founded. Our main results are (i) in the presence of a rank-to-rank extender there is a transitive Mitchell order decreasing sequence of extenders of any countable length, and (ii) there is no such sequence of length $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

.
Acute alcohol does not impair attentional inhibition as measured with Stroop interference scores but impairs Stroop performance
Authors: Riedel P. , Wolff M. , Spreer M. , Petzold J. , Plawecki M. H. , Goschke T. , Zimmermann U. S. , Smolka M. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRationaleInhibition is a core executive function and refers to the ability to deliberately suppress attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions and instead act in a specific manner. While acute alcohol exposure has been shown to impair response inhibition in the stop-signal and Go/NoGo tasks, reported alcohol effects on attentional inhibition in the Stroop task are inconsistent. Notably, studies have operationalized attentional inhibition variably and there has been intra- and inter-individual variability in alcohol exposure.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the acute effects of alcohol on attentional inhibition, considering previous limitations.MethodsIn a single-blind, cross-over design, 40 non-dependent participants with a medium-to-high risk drinking behavior performed a Counting Stroop task (CST) under a baseline and an arterial blood alcohol concentration (aBAC) clamp at 80 mg%. Attentional inhibition was assessed as the alteration of reaction times (RT), error rates (ER), and inverse efficiency scores (IES) between incongruent and congruent trials (interference score). Stroop performance was also assessed regardless of trial-type.ResultsCompared to saline, acute alcohol exposure via an aBAC clamp did not affect CST interference scores but increased RTs and IES in both incongruent and congruent trials.ConclusionsAttentional inhibition (Stroop interference score) was not impaired by clamped moderate alcohol exposure. Acute alcohol impaired Stroop performance evidenced by a general increase in response times. Our findings suggest that response and attentional inhibition do not share the same neurocognitive mechanisms and are affected differently by alcohol. Results could also be explained by automated behaviors known to be relatively unaffected by acute alcohol.
A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species
Authors: Mleczek Mirosław , Budka Anna , Siwulski Marek , Mleczek Patrycja , Budzyńska Sylwia , Proch Jędrzej , Gąsecka Monika , Niedzielski Przemysław , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.
How arginine derivatives alter the stability of lipid membranes: dissecting the roles of side chains, backbone and termini
Authors: Verbeek Sarah F. , Awasthi Neha , Teiwes Nikolas K. , Mey Ingo , Hub Jochen S. , Janshoff Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArginine (R)-rich peptides constitute the most relevant class of cell-penetrating peptides and other membrane-active peptides that can translocate across the cell membrane or generate defects in lipid bilayers such as water-filled pores. The mode of action of R-rich peptides remains a topic of controversy, mainly because a quantitative and energetic understanding of arginine effects on membrane stability is lacking. Here, we explore the ability of several oligo-arginines R$$_n$$

n

and of an arginine side chain mimic R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$

Side

to induce pore formation in lipid bilayers employing MD simulations, free-energy calculations, breakthrough force spectroscopy and leakage assays. Our experiments reveal that R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$

Side

but not R$$_n$$

n

reduces the line tension of a membrane with anionic lipids. While R$$_n$$

n

peptides form a layer on top of a partly negatively charged lipid bilayer, R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$

Side

leads to its disintegration. Complementary, our simulations show R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$

Side

causes membrane thinning and area per lipid increase beside lowering the pore nucleation free energy. Model polyarginine R$$_8$$

8

similarly promoted pore formation in simulations, but without overall bilayer destabilization. We conclude that while the guanidine moiety is intrinsically membrane-disruptive, poly-arginines favor pore formation in negatively charged membranes via a different mechanism. Pore formation by R-rich peptides seems to be counteracted by lipids with PC headgroups. We found that long R$$_n$$

n

and R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$

Side

but not short R$$_n$$

n

reduce the free energy of nucleating a pore. In short R$$_n$$

n

, the substantial effect of the charged termini prevent their membrane activity, rationalizing why only longer $$\mathrm {R}_{n}$$

R
n

are membrane-active.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Frail Geriatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Anand Tanya , Khurrum Muhammad , Chehab Mohamad , Bible Letitia , Asmar Samer , Douglas Molly , Ditillo Michael , Gries Lynn , Joseph Bellal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrailty in geriatric trauma patients is commonly associated with adverse outcomes. Racial disparities in geriatric trauma patients are previously described in the literature. We aimed to assess whether race and ethnicity influence outcomes in frail geriatric trauma patients.MethodsWe performed a 1‐year (2017) analysis of TQIP including all geriatric (age ≥ 65 years) trauma patients. The frailty index was calculated using 11‐variables and a cutoff limit of 0.27 was defined for frail status. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for demographics, insurance status, injury parameters, vital signs, and ICU and hospital length of stay.ResultsWe included 41,111 frail geriatric trauma patients. In terms of race, among frail geriatric trauma patients, 35,376 were Whites and 2916 were African Americans; in terms of ethnicity, 37,122 were Non‐Hispanics and 2184 were Hispanics. On regression analysis, the White race was associated with higher odds of mortality (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–2.0; p < 0.01) and in‐hospital complications (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9; p < 0.01). White patients were more likely to be discharged to SNF (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4; p = 0.03) and less likely to be discharged home (p = 0.04) compared to African Americans. Non‐Hispanics were more likely to be discharged to SNF (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5; p < 0.01) and less likely to be discharged home (p < 0.01) as compared to Hispanics. No significant difference in in‐hospital mortality was seen between Hispanics and Non‐Hispanics.ConclusionRace and ethnicity influence outcomes in frail geriatric trauma patients. These disparities exist regardless of age, gender, injury severity, and insurance status. Further studies are needed to highlight disparities by race and ethnicity and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors in the geriatric trauma population.
Impact of effective regurgitant orifice area on outcome of secondary mitral regurgitation transcatheter repair
Authors:   for the EuroSMR investigators, Karam Nicole , Orban Mathias , Kalbacher Daniel , Butter Christian , Praz Fabien , Lubos Edith , Bannehr Marwin , Kassar Mohammad , Petrescu Aniela , Iliadis Christos , Unterhuber Matthias , Asselin Anouk , Thiele Holger , Pfister Roman , Windecker Stephan , Lurz Philipp , von Bardeleben Stephan , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the value of effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) in predicting outcome after edge-to-edge transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) and identify the optimal cut-off for patients’ selection.

Methods
Using the EuroSMR (European Registry of Transcatheter Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation) registry, that included patients undergoing edge-to-edge TMVR for SMR between November 2008 and January 2019 in 8 experienced European centres, we assessed the optimal ERO threshold associated with mortality in SMR patients undergoing TMVR, and compared characteristics and outcomes of patients according to baseline ERO.

Results
Among 1062 patients with severe SMR and ERO quantification by proximal isovelocity surface area method in the registry, ERO was < 0.3 cm2 in 575 patients (54.1%), who were more symptomatic at baseline (NYHA class ≥ III: 91.4% vs. 86.9%, for ERO < vs. ≥ 0.3 cm2; P = 0.004). There was no difference in all-cause mortality at 2-year follow-up according to baseline ERO (28.3% vs. 30.0% for ERO < vs. ≥ 0.3 cm2, P = 0.585). Both patient groups demonstrated significant improvement of at least one NYHA class (61.7% and 73.8%, P = 0.002), resulting in a prevalence of NYHA class ≤ II at 1-year follow-up of 60.0% and 67.4% for ERO < vs. ≥ 0.3 cm2, respectively (P = 0.05).

Conclusion
All-cause mortality at 2 years after TMVR does not differ if baseline ERO is < or ≥ 0.3 cm2, and both groups exhibit relevant clinical improvements. Accordingly, TMVR should not be withheld from patients with ERO < 0.3 cm2 who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical treatment, if TMVR appropriateness was determined by experienced teams in dedicated valve centres.
Long-term efficacy assessment of current treatment options for epistaxis in HHT
Authors: Dür Cilgia , Anschuetz L. , Negoias S. , Bulut O. C. , Angelillo-Scherrer A. , Caversaccio M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular disorder that presents with recurrent, intractable epistaxis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of various treatment options for epistaxis in patients with HHT, over a period of 18 years, and to correlate these findings with available evidence in the literature.

Methods
Records of patients with HHT, treated for epistaxis between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed. Treatment procedures carried out and their efficacy were extracted and analyzed.

Results
Forty-three records were evaluated. All patients were given nasal humidifying ointments, 93% required acute treatment with bipolar electrocautery, and 60% underwent atraumatic nasal packing. Recurrent cases were treated medically with tranexamic acid (26%), oestrogen (19%), and bevacizumab (2%). Laser photocoagulation was done in selected cases (40%) and if unsuccessful, septal dermoplasty was performed (2.3%). Endovascular embolization was reserved for life-threatening emergencies (7%).

Conclusion
Epistaxis in HHT is not curable, but can be managed by employing a comprehensive stepwise approach. An algorithm for effective and comprehensive management has been presented.
Spiritual quality of life in family carers of patients with advanced cancer—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Røen Ingebrigt , Brenne Anne-Tove , Brunelli Cinzia , Stifoss-Hanssen Hans , Grande Gunn , Solheim Tora Skeidsvoll , Kaasa Stein , Knudsen Anne Kari 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Caring affects carers’ psychological and physical health, mortality, and quality of life (QoL) negatively. Lower spiritual QoL is associated with anxiety and depression, but the spiritual dimension is rarely investigated in carers. The present study aimed to explore which patient- and carer-related characteristics were associated with spiritual QoL in carers of patients with advanced cancer.

Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted using data from a prospective study investigating integration between oncology and palliative care. Adult patients with advanced cancer and their carers were included, and baseline data considering demographics, clinical characteristics, symptoms, social support, and religious meaning-making were registered. Spiritual QoL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp-12) questionnaire. Associations to spiritual QoL were explored by bivariate and multivariate regression models.

Results
In total, 84 carers were included, median age was 62.5 years, 52 (62%) were female, and the average spiritual QoL score was 23.3. In bivariate analyses, higher education, social support, and lower patients’ symptom burden were significantly associated with higher spiritual QoL. The multivariate regression model (n=77) had an explained variance (R2) = 0.34 and showed a significant association for social support, higher education, having children < 18 years living at home, and patient’s age.

Conclusion
The study indicates that spiritual QoL in carers were low and were negatively affected by several factors related to both carers and patients. However, there could be other important factors not yet described. Health care professionals should be aware of the known associated factors, as carers who hold these may need extra support.