bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformed displacive halite crystals: Diagenetic or tectonic origin?
Authors: Leitner Christoph , Marschallinger Robert , Huber Konstantin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Displacive halite crystals in fine-grained sediments are a common feature of evaporitic sequences worldwide. The crystal habit of halite precipitated from pure aqueous solution under laboratory conditions is a cube: equal side lengths (a = b = c) and rectangular angles (ab = bc = ac = 90°). Crystals with deformed-looking shape appear in mudstone of Permian evaporites of the Eastern Alps. They expose platy, rod-like, parallelepiped-like or rhomb-like shapes. The aim of the study was to explain the origin of these shapes. Samples were taken in the Altaussee, Berchtesgaden, and Hallstatt mines. Representative mudstone samples were scanned by high-resolution X-ray CT, and halite shapes were restored by 3D software. Additionally, 327 euhedral halite crystals were dissected from mudstone and subjected to individual shape analysis. Their sizes range from 3 to 30 mm in thirteen specimens. Crystals are compact, but a slightly platy preference prevails in all samples. Approximately 80% of all objects expose angles &gt; 1° deviating from the right angle, but only ∼ 15% contain angles &gt; 20°. The maximum deviation from the right angle was ca. 33°. Most objects combine a platy shape (a ≈ b ≠ c) with only one angle deviating from the right angle (2× 90°). The acute angle is preferably oriented parallel to the layering. We interpret a primary rectangular crystal growth to platy shapes in the mudstone (reduced fluid circulation). The displacive halite crystals subsequently deformed during compaction of the mudstone. Halite in deformed shapes was replaced by datable polyhalite ca. 15 My after deposition, which rules out deformation during Alpine tectonics.
Effect of Clay Type on Emulsion Formation in Steam and Solvent Steamflooding
Authors: Kar Taniya , Hascakir Berna 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe objectives of this study are to perform a fundamental analysis of the mutual interactions between crude oil components, water, hydrocarbon solvents, and clays, and to determine the optimum hydrocarbon solvent in solvent steamflooding for a particular reservoir type. The water/oil emulsion formation mechanism in the obtained oil for steam and solvent steamflooding processes has been studied via intermolecular associations between asphaltenes, water, and migrated clay particles. A series of 21 steam and solvent-steamflooding experiments has been conducted, first without any clays in the oil/sand packing, and then using two different clay types in the reservoir rock: Clay 1, which is kaolinite, and Clay 2, which is a mixture of kaolinite and illite. Paraffinic (propane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane) and aromatic (toluene) solvents are coinjected with steam. Cumulative oil recovery is found to decrease in the following order: no clay, Clay 1, Clay 2. Based on the obtained produced oil analyses, Clay 1 and Clay 2 are found to have an affinity with the water and oil phases, respectively. Moreover, the biwettable nature of Clay 2 makes it dispersed in the oil phase toward the oil/water interface, stabilizing the water/oil emulsions. Paraffinic solvent n-hexane is found to be an optimum coinjector for solvent steamflooding in bitumen recovery.
Diverse and abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ecological floating beds used to treat eutrophic water
Authors: Xu Zhouying , Lv Yichao , Jiang Yinghe , Luo Xiaodong , Gui Xuelin , Ban Yihui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of investigations have demonstrated the universal existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the accurate distribution and functions of AMF inhabiting aquatic ecosystems, especially ecological floating bed (EFB) which was constructed for the remediation of polluted waterbodies.In this study, we collected root samples of Canna generalis, Cyperus alternifolius and Eichhornia crassipes from three EFBs floating on two eutrophic lakes in Wuhan, China, to investigate the resources and distribution of AMF in EFBs using Illumina Mi-seq technology. A total of 229 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 21 taxon from 348,799 Glomeromycota sequences were detected. Glomus was the most dominant AMF in the three EFBs while the second dominant AMF was related to Acaulospora. Different aquatic plant species exhibited varying degrees of AMF colonization (3.83%~71%), diversity (6~103 OTUs, 3~15 virtual taxa) and abundance (14~57551 sequences). Low AMF abundance but relatively high AMF diversity were found in C. alternifolius which is usually considered as non-mycorrhizal, demonstrating the high accuracy of Illumina sequencing. In addition, results from this study suggested a lognormal species abundance distribution was observed across AMF taxa in the three plant species, and the AMF community composition was closely related to pH, nitrogen and phosphorus.Overall, our data demonstrated that diverse and abundant AMF communities were living in EFBs, and the AMF community composition was closely related to the water quality of eutrophic lakes treated by EFBs, providing potential possibility for the applications of AMF in plant-based bioremediation of wastewater.
Analysis of the effect of pressure control on leakages in distribution systems by FAVAD equation and field applications
Authors: Özdemir Özgür , Fırat Mahmut , Yılmaz Salih , Usluer Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pressure has an important effect on the occurrence of failures/leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) or the change of leakage in existing leakages. For this reason, monitoring the pressure is important especially for analyzing the changes in the day and night, determining the fluctuations and applying pressure management (PM) to ensure normal operating conditions. In this study, the effect of pressure on water losses and minimum night flow (MNF) was carried out according to the Fixed and Varied Area Discharge (FAVAD) approach, which allows the amount of leakage to be calculated based on the change in pressure and field tests. The minimum flow rate and potential leakage were determined under the network operating conditions before the pressure control in a region. Then, considering the features of the region, pressure was reduced with the pressure control system and MNFs and leaks were monitored. By reducing the pressure from 9.10 bar to 3.2 bar in the region, the MNF rate was reduced from 6.95 l/s to 3.29 l/s. The daily water savings in the system inlet volume is 78.44 m3/day and the annual saving is 28,624 m3/year. The results obtained are very important for practitioners in terms of implementing PM in the field.
Multi-objective optimal operation of reservoir group in Jialing River based on DREAM algorithm
Authors: Diao Wei , Peng Peiyi , Zhang Chunze , Yang Shuqing , Zhang Xujin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the implementation of the most stringent water resources management system and the advancement of the construction process of reservoir terrace basins, the research and application of the theory and method of joint operation of reservoir groups are becoming more and more important. The Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm is a sampling algorithm based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method proposed in recent years. The algorithm satisfies ergodicity and is good at handling problems with multivariate nonlinearity, high dimensionality, and multi-peaks, and as such the algorithm is a new global optimization solution. This paper elaborated the solution mechanism of the standard DREAM algorithm, and the algorithm was applied to the optimal operation model of the reservoir group in Jialing River. First, we optimized and analyzed the multi-objective supply operation model of the reservoir group water in Jialing River. Then the multi-attribute decision-making and evaluation index system of water supply operation rules for the reservoir group to assess the optimization of the operation model was adopted. Finally based on the results of the evaluation, the best water supply operation scheme for the reservoir group of Jialing River was selected. The results show that the Baozhusi Reservoir can fully meet the planned water supply requirements in dry years, while the two reservoirs, Shengzhong and Tingzikou, need to be weighed against the evaluation indexes of water supply operation. The research provides a theoretical basis for the DREAM algorithm in the optimal operation of the reservoir group and the actual operation scheme for the reservoir group of Jialing River.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Ocular Manifestations in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaedi Mohammed G. , AlQahtani Bader S. , Zahrani Anhar Khalid , Alshareef Shaima E. , Alzubaidy Khlood A. , Alzubaidy Basant A. , Alharbi Suzan Y. , Almutairi Osama M. , Alharby Mosa B. , Basheikh Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Ocular manifestations, such as conjunctivitis, redness, and tearing, were reported in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective:
To investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice about the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 and protective eye measures among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over two months with 800 participants from the general population and a 39-item online structured validated questionnaire using Google Forms. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program version 20 and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results and Discussion:
Among the participants (n = 800), 71.9% were females, 50% were highly educated, and 61.8% had moderate incomes. The overall mean total knowledge score was 25.185 ± 3.774, with significant differences regarding age group, gender, and income. Most of the Saudi residents with high monthly incomes, especially females, were knowledgeable regarding the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 (25.0957 ± 3.4311). The average total knowledge, attitude, and practice score was 42.1419 ± 4.833, which was average (medium level), with significant differences regarding age group, gender, and income; a high mean was obtained from the age group >50–60, females, and high-income class.

Conclusion:
Detailed information about the epidemiology of COVID-19 and an understanding of emerging related health issues, such as ocular manifestations, should be empowered to the public while considering the least knowledgeable groups.
Machine Learning for Risk Group Identification and User Data Collection in a Herpes Simplex Virus Patient Registry: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Surodina Svitlana , Lam Ching , Grbich Svetislav , Milne-Ives Madison , van Velthoven Michelle , Meinert Edward 
Published: March 2021

Background
Researching people with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is challenging because of poor data quality, low user engagement, and concerns around stigma and anonymity.

Objective
This project aimed to improve data collection for a real-world HSV registry by identifying predictors of HSV infection and selecting a limited number of relevant questions to ask new registry users to determine their level of HSV infection risk.

Methods
The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2015-2016) database includes the confirmed HSV type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively) status of American participants (14-49 years) and a wealth of demographic and health-related data. The questionnaires and data sets from this survey were used to form two data sets: one for HSV-1 and one for HSV-2. These data sets were used to train and test a model that used a random forest algorithm (devised using Python) to minimize the number of anonymous lifestyle-based questions needed to identify risk groups for HSV.

Results
The model selected a reduced number of questions from the NHANES questionnaire that predicted HSV infection risk with high accuracy scores of 0.91 and 0.96 and high recall scores of 0.88 and 0.98 for the HSV-1 and HSV-2 data sets, respectively. The number of questions was reduced from 150 to an average of 40, depending on age and gender. The model, therefore, provided high predictability of risk of infection with minimal required input.

Conclusions
This machine learning algorithm can be used in a real-world evidence registry to collect relevant lifestyle data and identify individuals’ levels of risk of HSV infection. A limitation is the absence of real user data and integration with electronic medical records, which would enable model learning and improvement. Future work will explore model adjustments, anonymization options, explicit permissions, and a standardized data schema that meet the General Data Protection Regulation, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and third-party interface connectivity requirements.
Virtual Reality–Based Psychotherapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: fMRI Study Using a Self-Referential Task
Authors: Hur Ji-Won , Shin Hyemin , Jung Dooyoung , Lee Heon-Jeong , Lee Sungkil , Kim Gerard J , Cho Chung-Yean , Choi Seungmoon , Lee Seung-Moo , Cho Chul-Hyun 
Published: March 2021

Background
Although it has been well demonstrated that the efficacy of virtual reality therapy for social anxiety disorder is comparable to that of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy, little is known about the effect of virtual reality on pathological self-referential processes in individuals with social anxiety disorder.

Objective
We aimed to determine changes in self-referential processing and their neural mechanisms following virtual reality treatment.

Methods
We recruited participants with and without a primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder to undergo clinical assessments (Social Phobia Scale and Post-Event Rumination Scale) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Participants with social anxiety disorder received virtual reality–based exposure treatment for 6 sessions starting immediately after baseline testing. After the sixth session, participants with social anxiety disorder completed follow-up scans during which they were asked to judge whether a series of words (positive, negative, neutral) was relevant to them.

Results
Of 25 individuals with social anxiety disorder who participated in the study, 21 completed the sessions and follow-up; 22 control individuals also participated. There were no significant differences in age (P=.36), sex (P=.71), or handedness (P=.51) between the groups. Whole-brain analysis revealed that participants in the social anxiety disorder group had increased neural responses during positive self-referential processing in the medial temporal and frontal cortexes compared with those in the control group. Participants in the social anxiety disorder group also showed increased left insular activation and decreased right middle frontal gyrus activation during negative self-referential processing. After undergoing virtual reality–based therapy, overall symptoms of the participants with social anxiety disorder were reduced, and these participants exhibited greater activity in a brain regions responsible for self-referential and autobiographical memory processes while viewing positive words during postintervention fMRI scans. Interestingly, the greater the blood oxygen level dependent changes related to positive self-referential processing, the lower the tendency to ruminate on the negative events and the lower the social anxiety following the virtual reality session. Compared with that at baseline, higher activation was also found within broad somatosensory areas in individuals with social anxiety disorder during negative self-referential processing following virtual reality therapy.

Conclusions
These fMRI findings might reflect the enhanced physiological and cognitive processing in individuals with social anxiety disorder in response to self-referential information. They also provide neural evidence of the effect of virtual reality exposure therapy on social anxiety and self-derogation.
Claves para la identificación de los peces de las aguas continentales e insulares de Costa Rica. Parte I: Familias
Authors: Angulo Arturo , Ramírez Coghi Ana Rosa , López Sánchez Myrna 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El conocimiento sobre la composición taxonómica de la fauna de peces de agua dulce de Costa Rica ha cambiado sustancialmente en las últimas dos décadas. No solamente por la adición de nuevas especies y táxones supra-específicos, sino también por reordenamientos y cambios taxonómicos en los diferentes niveles jerárquicos. Las claves taxonómicas disponibles se publicaron hace más de 20 años y están desactualizadas. Objetivo: Brindar información actualizada, en lenguaje sencillo, para la identificación de todas las familias costarricenses de peces continentales e insulares. Métodos: Utilizamos literatura, colecciones de museos y especímenes recolectados recientemente para actualizar una lista del 2013. Resultados: La clave clave dicotómica ilustrada, que cubre 53 familias, se basa en características externas relativamente fáciles de identificar. También incluimos información sobre la composición de especies, distribución general y uso del hábitat. Conclusión: Esta clave permite la identificación de 274 especies de peces costarricenses a nivel de familia, como base para su identificación a categorías más bajas.
Brand Loyalty Mediation in Brand Attachment and Customer Digital Experience towards Smartphone Repurchase Intentions
Authors: Cornelia Verina , Pasharibu Yusepaldo 
Published: March 2021

Brand loyalty is one of the most essential component that incumbent company to retain their customers, particularly in order to win the market share. The main reason is that incumbent firms need to maintain their market share and then upscale their market when they have a thorough understanding of the segmentation. Brand loyalty in this study is utilized as a mediating variable to confirm the impact of brand attachment and customer digital experience for the repurchase intention creation of smartphone users. An online questionnaire was distributed to 100 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The criteria of respondents in this study are those who are using Samsung smartphone for at least a year, and experience searching the brand using a digital platform. The statistical analysis showed that brand attachment and customer digital experience have a significant positive influence on brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand attachment shows direct and indirect effects to repurchase intentions indicating partial mediation existence of brand loyalty. Customer digital experience indirectly affects repurchase intentions through brand loyalty. These results highlight the role of brand attachment and customer digital experience has to secure repurchase intentions of customers by utilizing brand loyalty.
Pengembangan Media PowerPoint-iSpring Terintegrasi Pertanyaan Prompting Pada Materi Ikatan Kimia Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Salfitri Atika , Guspatni Guspatni 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring terintegrasi pertanyaan prompting pada materi ikatan kimia kelas X SMA/MA. Penelitian ini jenisnya yaitu research and development (r&d) dengan menggunakan model 4-D. Media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring diintegrasikan dengan pertanyaan menuntun (prompting) guna meningkatkan aktifitas belajar siswa. Pertanyaan dilengkapi dengan kunci jawaban benar ataupun salah. Media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring didalamnya terdapat soal kuis dan soal evaluasi yang dapat mengukur kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi ikatan kimia. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan berupa lembar validitas dan praktikalitas. Hasil analisis lembar validitas, praktikalitas oleh guru dan praktikalitas oleh siswa berturut-turut didapatkan skor rata-rata k yaitu 0,89, 0,89 dan 0,92 berkategori sangat tinggi. Data yang didapat menunjukkan media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring terintegrasi pertanyaan prompting pada materi ikatan kimia sudah valid dan praktis.
PENGARUH SIKAP KASAR PENGAWAS (ABUSIVE SUPERVISION) TERHADAP NIAT PINDAH (TURNOVER INTENTION)
Authors: Yulmia I Made Ganeswara , Putra Made Surya 
Published: March 2021

The research objective to be achieved is to analyze the effect of abusive supervision on turnover intention. This research is classified as associative research. This research was conducted at PT Alamboga Internusa Denpasar. The object of research in this study is abusive supervision and turnover intention. The number of samples taken was 90 employees calculated by the method of determining the saturation sampling. Data collection is done through interviews and questionnaires. The results of this study show that abusive supervision has no effect on turnover intention. These results mean that the higher the supervisor's rude attitude will not affect the intention to move employees. The results of this study have an implication for PT. Alamboga Internusa regarding the supervisor's rude attitude does not affect the intention to move from PT Alamboga Internusa employees. Suggestions can be given to the management of PT Alamboga Internusa to reduce the abusive attitude of supervisors in order to reduce the intention to move employees. For further researchers, it is recommended to use other variables that can be the cause of turnover intention.
Keywords: abusive supervision, turnover intention
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN DAN STRUKTUR AKTIVA TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL
Authors: Mas Ida Ayu Dwi Pusparini , Dewi Sayu Kt. Sutrisna 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, sales growth, and asset structure on capital structure. This research was conducted at a tourism sector company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period. The sampling method used in this study is a saturated sample technique where all populations are sampled. Data is collected through secondary data. The data used were tested with multiple linear regression data analysis techniques with SPSS version 23 tools. The results showed that profitability, sales growth and asset structure had a positive and significant effect on the capital structure of the tourism sector companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014-2018. Companies, especially tourism sector financial managers and interested parties, are expected to pay attention to changes in profitability, sales growth and asset structure because they have an influence on the company's capital structure to make funding decisions that will be used by companies to finance the company's operations.
Keywords: capital structure, profitability, sales growth, asset structure
PERAN BRAND AWARENESS MEMEDIASI KREDIBILITAS CELEBRITY ENDORSER TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION
Authors: Banurea Ayub Sheehan , Seminari Ni Ketut 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Brand Awareness mediating the influence of Celebrity Endorser credibility on Purchase Intention. The population of this research is all users or consumers of Shopee e-commerce platforms in Denpasar City whose numbers cannot be determined directly (infinite). The sampling technique uses nonprobability sampling with a sample size of 112 respondents. The analysis technique used is the path analysis technique (path analysis). This research proves that the credibility of celebrity endorsers and brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The credibility of celebrity endorsers has a positive and significant influence on organizational commitment to brand awareness and brand awareness partially mediates the effect of celebrity endorser credibility on purchase intention.
Keywords: purchase intention, brand awareness, celebrity endorser credibility, shopee mobile shopping