bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota long-term dynamics and prediction of acute graft-versus-host-disease in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ingham Anna Cäcilia , Kielsen Katrine , Mordhorst Hanne , Ifversen Marianne , Aarestrup Frank M , Müller Klaus G , Pamp Sünje Johanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) exhibit changes in their gut microbiota and are experiencing a range of complications, including acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). It is unknown if, when, and under which conditions a re-establishment of microbial and immunological homeostasis occurs. It is also unclear whether microbiota long-term dynamics occur at other body sites than the gut such as the mouth or nose. Moreover, it is not known whether the patients’ microbiota prior to HSCT holds clues to whether the patient would suffer from severe complications subsequent to HSCT. Here, we take a holobiont perspective and performed an integrated host-microbiota analysis of the gut, oral, and nasal microbiotas in 29 children undergoing allo-HSCT.Results The bacterial diversity decreased in the gut, nose, and mouth during the first month and reconstituted again 1-3 months after allo-HSCT. The microbial community composition traversed three phases over one year. Distinct taxa discriminated the microbiota temporally at all three body sides, including Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Blautia spp. in the gut. Of note, certain microbial taxa appeared already changed in the patients prior to allo-HSCT as compared to healthy children. Acute GvHD occurring after allo-HSCT could be predicted from the microbiota composition at all three body sites prior to HSCT. The reconstitution of CD4+ T cells, T H 17 and B cells was associated with distinct taxa of the gut, oral, and nasal microbiota. Conclusions This study reveals for the first time bacteria in the mouth and nose that may predict aGvHD. Monitoring of the microbiota at different body sites in HSCT patients, and particularly through involvement of samples prior to transplantation, may be of prognostic value and could assist in guiding personalized treatment strategies. The identification of distinct bacteria that have a potential to predict post-transplant aGvHD might provide opportunities for an improved preventive clinical management, including a modulation of microbiomes. The host-microbiota associations shared between several body sites might also support an implementation of more feasible oral and nasal swab sampling-based analyses. Altogether, the findings suggest that the microbiota and host factors together could provide actionable information to guiding precision medicine.
Modification of PBSD Procedure for Moderate Shear Walls Subjected to Near-Field Excitation
Authors: Ghatee Peyman , Jaafar Mohd Saleh , Ibrahim Azmi , Fallahi Nazanin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the near-field areas, VCE effectively exists which is so sensitive depending on the distance from a source and the earthquake magnitude. This has remarkable effects when shear wall is to be in moderate size which causes it to face wide diversity modes of failure. So, a modified procedure is conceived to ensure the response of the shear wall subjected to biaxial excitation. Thereby, there is an evaluation process that is based on the intersection of capacity and demand curves commonly called the performance point. The modification factors are developed based on the validation of performance points from which are derived demand and capacity curves.
Perception and Practice of Self-medication With Antibiotics Among Medical Students in Sudanese Universities: a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Elmahi Osman Kamal Osman , Musa Reem Abdalla Elsiddig , Shareef Ahd Alaaeldin Hussain , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Elmahi Mugahid Awad Mohamed , Mohamed Rayan Ibrahim Hamid , Alsadig Tagwa Faisal Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The benefits of antibiotics are under threat by self-medication, which culminated in economic burdening of developing countries, treatment failures, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and an increased probability of exposure and infection of the general population by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical students in Sudan towards the use of antibiotics, the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among medical students in Sudan and to identify risk factors which promote self-medication with antibiotics.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and institution-based study, between November 2020 and January 2021. 1,110 medical students were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of self-medication with antibiotics among the study participants.Results: The median knowledge score was 7 out of a maximum of 10 (IQR: 5-8). A moderately positive attitude was observed among the participants (Median: 7/10; IQR: 6-8). 675 (60.8%) self-medicated with antibiotics within the previous 12 months, mostly from community pharmacies (321/675; 47.5%). Antibiotics were most commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections (38.1%) and cough (30.4%). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that self-medication with antibiotics was significantly associated with gender, year of study and monthly income.Conclusions: Undergraduate medical students had moderate knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, and an alarmingly high prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics. This highlights the urgent need for tighter legislation regarding the sales of antibiotics in community pharmacies by the state and federal health ministries.
Hepatic stellate cells-specific Loxl1 deficiency abrogates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and corrects lipid metabolic abnormalities in non-obese NASH mice
Authors: Yang Aiting , Yan Xuzhen , Fan Xu , Shi Yiwen , Huang Tao , Li Weiyu , Chen Wei , Jia Jidong , You Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background & Aims: Lysyl oxidase-like-1 (LOXL1), a vital crosslinking enzyme in extracellular matrix (ECM) protein maintenance, is well established in fibrosis via mediating ECM stabilization. However, the potential role of LOXL1 in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been previously studied.Methods: We generated Loxl1fl/fl mice to selectively delete Loxl1 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (Loxl1fl/flGfapcre; Loxl1fl/fl as littermate controls) and then examined liver pathology and metabolic context in Loxl1fl/flGfapcre fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet or an isocaloric control diet for 16 weeks. We confirmed study findings in 23 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.Results: LOXL1 was significantly increased in CDAA induced non-obese NASH compared with control diet. Here, utilizing a HSCs-specific deletion of Loxl1 model, we found that Loxl1 deficient in HSCs ameliorated CDAA-induced inflammation and fibrosis, with reduced expression of pro-inflammation and pro-fibrogenic genes. Interestingly, CDAA-fed Loxl1 deficient mice was associated with improved body weight and attenuated hepatic steatosis and to an up-regulation of leptin in adipose tissue and in serum, without changes in hepatic lipogenesis gene expression, compared with CDAA-fed control mice. Most importantly, analyses of serum LOXL1 and leptin levels from NAFLD patients revealed that LOXL1 was positively correlated with histological fibrosis progression, whereas was inversely correlated with leptin levels, especially in non-obese NAFLD patients.Conclusion: In a mouse model of CDAA-induced non-obese NASH, selective deletion of Loxl1 from HSCs attenuated steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and improved lipid metabolic abnormalities. Hence, LOXL1 inhibition may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for NASH.
Vulnerability of a Top Marine Predator in One of the World’s Most Impacted Marine Environments (Arabian Gulf)
Authors: Lopez Bruno Diaz , Methion Séverine , Das Himansu , Bugla Ibrahim , Hameli Maitha Al , Ameri Hind Al , Hashmi Ahmed Al , Grandcourt Edwin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the habitat use of wildlife in highly impacted areas is essential to identify areas of biological importance and to implement appropriate conservation measures. The Arabian Gulf represents one of the most extreme marine environments and is considered one of the regions in the world with the greatest anthropogenic impact. Information on the habitat use and abundance of marine top predator species is however lacking, despite being a prerequisite for effective planning of conservation measures. Here, we provide novel information for the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) in the Arabian Gulf (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates). Data from 80 daily surveys conducted between June 2014 and November 2019 were used both to assess correlates of bottlenose dolphin habitat use and relative density and to calculate mark-recapture abundance estimates. This study confirms the strong adaptability and tolerance of this top marine predator to extreme environmental conditions within a highly heterogeneous and impacted marine habitat. The observed preferences for areas with less human pressure were likely a result of the interactions of environmental factors with prey availability and human disturbance. This study also provides the first abundance estimates for a bottlenose dolphin population in the Arabian Gulf. Our findings support the call for increased marine protected areas and the creation of transboundary conservation areas in the region. Regional connectivity should be of value to marine predators whose wide distribution and vulnerability to human activities means that alteration of their habitats can result in population declines and eventual local or regional extinctions.
Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Coronary Anatomy, First-Pass Myocardial Perfusion and Late Gadolinium Enhancement in children and Young Adults with Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Adebo Dilachew , Brownlee John , de Alba Cesar Gonzalez , Berganza Fernando Molina , Morales John Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has expanded its role in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease and acquired heart disease in children. However, there are few studies evaluating the role of cardiac magnetic resonance delineating the anatomy of coronary arteries along with assessment of first pass myocardial perfusion in children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extensive use of CMR for delineating coronary anatomy, evaluating first pass myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement in children with acquired and congenital heart disease.MethodsA retrospective review of 81 consecutive CMR Whole Heart T2 Prep coronary angiography studies of patients with congenital and acquired heart disease that were performed from December 2013 to May 2015. Results of first pass myocardial perfusion study (at rest and with adenosine stress) and Late Gadolinium enhancement imaging findings were also reviewed.ResultsThe median age at the time of CMR was 14 years with range of 2 months to 35 years of age with 46 male and 35 female subjects. Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common pre CMR diagnosis with almost 30% (24/81) of all subjects, followed by suspected coronary artery anomaly in 18.5% (15/81) of all subjects. First pass myocardial perfusion defects were identified in 2.5% (2/81) of subjects. Delayed myocardial enhancement study was performed in 83% (67/81) of all patients, with an abnormal result identified in 28.3% (19/67) of these subjects. The left coronary origin, proximal course and proximal branches were visualized in 94% (76/81) of the subjects. The right coronary origin and proximal course was visualized in about 89% (72/81) of subjects. We found good diagnostic quality images in 90% (73/81) of the subjects. Abnormal coronary artery origin was observed in about 9% of all subjects (7/81). Coronary aneurysmal malformations were identified in 6% of all subjects (5/81). We were unable to visualize either one of the coronary arteries in about 9% of subjects (7/81) either due to patient movement during the study, metallic artifacts or extremely fast heart rate. ConclusionsCardiac magnetic resonance imaging can reliably evaluate the coronary anatomy, first pass myocardial perfusion defect and myocardial scar in a diverse group of patients with acquired and congenital heart diseases.
Pedicled Buccal Flaps as a Back-Up Procedure for Intraoral Reconstruction
Authors: Frohwitter Gesche , Kesting Marco Rainer , Rau Andrea , Weber Manuel , Baran Christoph , Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Buentemeyer Tjark-Ole , Preidl Raimund , Lutz Rainer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntraoral soft tissue deficiency and impaired wound beds are common problems after cleft and tumour surgery or after dental trauma. Frequently, limited defects are overtreated with extensive microvascular reconstruction procedures and pedicled flaps remain useful, as they are simple to harvest and provide a reliable outcome. The buccal flap, first described in the 1970s, has been used for palatine lengthening in cleft patients over decades. In the following we present an expanded indication in cases of palatal fistula, complex vestibulum, exposed bone in orthognathic surgery and osteoradionecrosis. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review and report on all buccal flaps harvested within the last three years. 16 buccal flaps were performed in 10 patients. The median age at the time of surgery was 42 years, reaching from 12 years up to 66 years. Results 14 buccal flaps were used for upper jaw or palatal coverage, two buccal flaps were used in the mandible.In terms of complications (four flaps; 25 %) there were two partial flap failures, one wound dehiscence and one wound dehiscence. There were no failures of the remaining mucosal flap islands after the cut of the pedicles.ConclusionThe buccal flap is a reliable and straight forward approach to challenging intraoral wound beds with soft tissue deficiency. We thoroughly discuss the additional indications for buccal flap surgery, describe the harvest technique and provide strategies to prevent intra- and postoperative complications.
Clinical Features of DIC According to the French-american-british (FAB) Classification in Patients With Acute Leukemia and Thrombomodulin Alfa Treatment – Cross-sectional Analysis of a Post-marketing Surveillance Study Cohort –
Authors: Seki Yoshinobu , Honda Goichi , Kawano Noriaki , Uchiyama Toshimasa , Kawasugi Kazuo , Madoiwa Seiji , Takezako Naoki , Ikezoe Takayuki , Wada Hideo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical features of a large number of cases with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with acute leukemia, and to clarify the safety and efficacy of thrombomodulin alfa (TM-α) using the French-American-British (FAB) classification of hematological malignancies.Methods: We retrospectively examined 644 patients with acute leukemia in post-marketing surveillance for TM-α.Results: M3, M2, M4, M1, and M5 subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and L2 and L1 subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been found more frequently among patients with DIC. Bleeding symptoms at baseline were more frequent in M3 and M7 subtypes. Fibrinogen concentrations were lower and plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex values were higher in M3 and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) ALL. Overall DIC resolution rate was 60.2% with higher rates in L1 and Ph+ ALL, lower in M1, and generally higher in ALL than in AML. The overall survival rate was 79.8%, generally high, with higher survival rates in L3, Ph+ ALL, and M3. In M3 and M7, with high frequencies of pre-existing bleeding, TM-α improved bleeding symptoms. Post-administration DIC scores in each subtype were significantly improved compared with pre-administration scores, except in M6, M7, and MDS-overt AML.Conclusions: This study showed the clinical features of DIC associated with acute leukemia among FAB classifications and also elucidated the safety and efficacy profiles of TM-α by detailed classification based on the FAB classification in clinical practice.Trial registration: The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with DIC treated with TM-α between May 2008 and April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed by subgroup analysis of post-marketing surveillance data.
A Group-based Dual Trajectory of Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults: An 8-year Follow-up of Population-based Study
Authors: Cheng Yanzhao , Thorpe Lilian , Kabir Rasel , Lim Hyun Ja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions for elderly population. Understanding the trajectory developments of them will help us implementing treatments and interventions.Aims: This study aims to identify depression and anxiety trajectories in the elderly, evaluate the interrelationship of these conditions, and recognize trajectory-predicting characteristics.Methods: Group-based dual trajectory modeling (GBDTM) was applied to the data of 3,983 individuals, aged 65 years or older who participated in the Korean Health Panel Study between 2008 and 2015. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between characteristics and trajectory groups.Results: Four trajectory groups from GBDTM were identified in both the depression and anxiety outcomes. Depression has: “low-flat (87.0%)”, “low-to-middle (8.8%)”, “low-to-high (1.3%)” and “high-stable (2.8%)” trajectory groups. Anxiety has: “low-flat (92.5%)”, “low-to-middle (4.7%)”, “high-to-low (2.2%)” and “high-curve (0.6%)” trajectory groups. Interrelationship between depression and anxiety were identified. Members of the high-stable depression group were more likely to have “high-to-low” or “high-curved” anxiety trajectories. Female sex, the presence of more than three chronic diseases, and having income generating activity were significant factors in depression and anxiety.Conclusions: Dual trajectory analysis of depression and anxiety in older adults shows that when one condition is present, the probability of the other is increased. Sex, having more chronic disease, and income generating activity might be at increased risks for both depression and anxiety. Health policy decision-makers can use our findings in developing strategies for prevention of both depression and anxiety in older adults.
A Case Study- Monitoring and Inspection Based on IoT for STEP-NC Data Model
Authors: Ahmad Maznah Iliyas , Saif Yazid , Yusof Yusri , Daud Md Elias , Latif Kamran , Kadir Aini Zuhra Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cyber-Physical Machine Tools (CPMT) is currently recognized as a new generation of machine tools that align with Industry 4.0 needs as a smart, well connected, advanced accessibility, more adaptive and autonomous solution. It can be achieved through standardized design method and communication protocols. This article presents a case study on monitoring and inspection based on Internet of Things (IoT) for STEP-NC data model toward a CPMT. More specifically, the monitoring approach utilizing an IoT based monitoring architecture for machining process monitoring, while the inspection approach using a coordinate measuring machine for machined part inspection. The monitoring and inspection approaches can achieve high accuracy of machining process condition detection and enable measurement of machined parts to fulfil CPMT needs and I4.0. The case study validated that the developed monitoring approach performed well and was highly sensitive to any changes during the machining process, specifically on the tool condition. As per the inspection approach, the reliability of the machined model was 99.97%. Based on the results of both the approaches, it is confirmed that both tasks can be designed and support digital factory and other manufacturing process stages in the future such as preventive maintenance, inspecting, sizing, assembling, and others.
AKT Phosphorylation Promotes Chemoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Chen Jing , Yang Yu , Qu Zhen , Lu Yunjie , Duan Yunfei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to explore the effects of AKT phosphorylation in the chemoresistance and cell viability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: We developed two taxol-resisted hepatocellualr cancer cells: TAX Resis HepG2 and TAX Resis SMMC7721. Results: Phosphorylation of AKT on Thr 308 was highly expressed in taxol-resisted HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. AKT phosphorylation manipulated by MK2206 and SC79 were correlated with cell viability. Downregulation of AKT phosphorylation promoted the apoptos is and suppressed the migration ability of taxol-resisted HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells, which also could be rescued by activate the AKT phosphorylation via SC79. Conclusion: AKT phosphorylation manipulated by MK2206 and SC79 were correlated with cell viability, migration and apoptosis in taxol-resisted HCC cells.
Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy and Tension-Free Vaginal Tape-Obturator (TVT-O) Combined to Treat Cervical Cancer Complicating Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) and Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI): A Case Report
Authors: Ran Yu , Yi Qiang , Li Cong , Zhou Qin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Combined cervical cancer and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is extremely uncommon and there is no standard treatment guideline for the complex comorbidity. We attempted to provide a treatment strategy and explore possible reasons for the comorbidities.Case presentation: We presented a 62-year-old patient seeking treatment for postmenopausal tissue prolapse and leakage of urine, physical examination revealed procidentia with a 2.5 cm papillary and erosive lesion that was pathologically confirmed as cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stage Ib2. Clinical diagnosis included cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stage Ib2, prolapse of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina and uterine, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and then she was performed radical surgery for cervical cancer and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O), the urine function was good after operation. The surgery solved two diseases at the same time that improve the QOL of patients while radically curing cervical malignancies.Conclusions: Surgical-based treatment seems to be more suitable that can cure the two diseases and improve the QOL. We should pay attention to the potential high incidence of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical cancer so that don't ignore the screening for cervical cancer in the prolapse group and initiate surgery treatment strategies of cervical cancer or pre-cancerous lesions as early soon as possible to reach an optimal outcome of patient.