bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FENOMENA REPRODUKSI BUDAYA PADA LOKAL IP WIRO SABLENG
Authors: Pratomo Evan Raditya , Sunarya Yan Yan , Jasjfi Elda Franzia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract The Phenomenon of Cultural Reproduction in Local IP Wiro Sableng was based on a novel Wiro Sableng, written by Bastian Tito in 1967. The novel numbered up to 185 books and has been adapted into movies, soap opera, and even as playable character from an online game. The changes to the Wiro Sableng’s IP gradually occurred as the time goes by. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that trigger the occurance of cultural reproduction in Wiro Sableng’s IP descriptively with thetheory of understanding cultural reproduction. AbstrakFenomena Reproduksi Budaya Pada Lokal IP Wiro Sableng: yang merupakan novel karya Bastian Tito yang diterbitkan tahun 1967. Novel Wiro Sableng berjumlah 185 buku dan telah diadaptasi menjadi film layar lebar, sinetron, dan bahkan sebagai tokoh dari sebuah game online. Pada setiap masanya, perubahan pada IP Wiro Sableng terjadi bertahap seiring dengan perubahan jaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memicu terjadinya reproduksi budaya pada IP Wiro Sableng, secara deskriptif dengan menggunakanteori pemahaman reproduksi budaya. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalahmengetahui faktor yang menjadi pemicu bagi IP Wiro Sableng, sehingga ketika faktor tersebut diketahui, maka IP Wiro Sableng dapat dikembangkan lebih luas lagi dengan menggunakan pemahaman yang sama.
Marshall Performance and Volumetric Properties of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Jasim Sameer Abbas , Ismael Mohammed Qadir 
Published: June 2021

The durability of asphalt pavement is associated with the properties and performance of the binder. This work-study intended to understand the impact of blending Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) to conventional asphalt concrete mixtures and calculating the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) for conventional mixture also; compare the performance between SBS modified with the conventional mixture. Two different kinds of asphalt penetration grades, A.C. (40-50) and A.C. (60-70), were improved with 2.5 and 3.5% SBS polymer, respectively. Marshall properties were determined in this work. Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) was 4.93 and 5.1% by weight of mixture for A.C. (40-50) and (60-70), respectively. Marshall properties results show an increasement in the stability value by 8.65 and 20.19% for A.C. (40-50) with 2.5 and 3.5% of SBS, respectively. And an increasement by 9.32 and 20.61% for AC (60-70) with 2.5 and 3.5% of SBS respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate a decrease in Marshall flow by 14.7 and 26.47% for A.C. (40-50) with 2.5 and 3.5% SBS respectively and a decrease by 10.46 and 21.21% for A.C. (60-70) with 2.5 and 3.5% SBS respectively. Other Marshall properties were also calculated. Moreover, Blending SBS polymers to conventional asphalt mixtures produces a better performance to asphalt binder and better Marshall properties, which provides a great solution to Iraqi road problems affected by temperature and high traffic load, including less maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091709 Full Text: PDF
Curve Number Estimation for Ungauged Watershed in Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Krisnayanti Denik Sri , Bunganaen Wilhelmus , Frans John H. , Seran Yustinus A. , Legono Djoko 
Published: June 2021

The Benanain Watershed is located in East Nusa Tenggara with an area of 3,181 km2 and is divided into 29 sub-watersheds. The East Nusa Tenggara itself is an eastern region of Indonesia with a unique climate condition called semi-arid. The high rainfall intensity occurring in short duration results in large surface runoff and erosion. Floods and erosion in semi-arid areas due to sensitive soils to drought and heavy rainfall extremely. This paper presents the application of the Soil Conservation Services-Curve Number (SCS-CN) real-flood flows through a digital map of soil type, land use, topography, and the heterogeneity of physical condition, especially for ungauged watersheds. The method used is an approach empirical to estimate runoff from the relationship between rainfall, land use, and soil hydrology groups. This watershed has a large area that must analyze every sub-watershed. The land-use of the Benanain watershed is secondary dryland forest by 44.26% and the hydrological soil group on the B group classification with medium to high absorption potential by 46.502% from the total area. The curve number value of the Benanain Watershed ranges from 56.54 to 73.90, where the mean CN value of 65.32. The rainfall (mm) for the 29 sub-watersheds in the Benanain Watershed has decreased by about 74.65% when being surface runoff or only 25.35% of water becomes surface runoff. The relationship between rainfall depth and CN is classified as standard response and trend line (flat slope) equilibrium occurs when rainfall depth value of 56.71 mm and CN is close to 66.30. The high variability of intense rainfall between the rainy season and the dry season had a significant influence on the curve number value in a large watershed area. Further analysis will be more accurate if it is supported by long rainfall data and observation runoff data as a control. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091711 Full Text: PDF
THE GROWING USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT
Authors: Yadav Monika 
Published: June 2021

English: Significant changes have taken place in the importance and form of agriculture from the beginning to the present period. In the Vedic period, the use of iron tools and later the discovery of irrigation techniques made people more efficient in agriculture, while in the British era, growing commercial crops like cotton and indigo brought about a big change and earning money became the main objective of agriculture. As a result of this, the food crisis has emerged as a major problem. The Green Revolution of the 1970s heralded a new era of rapid food production. One of the main catalysts for this revolution was the use of chemical fertilizers. Certainly, the Green Revolution solved the immediate food crisis, but heralded a harmful method for the future. We have to be ready to deal with the ill effects of it.

Hindi: आदि काल से वर्तमान काल तक कृषि के महत्व तथा रूप में आमूलचूल परिवर्तन हुए हैं। वैदिक काल में लोहे के औजारों का प्रयोग तथा बाद में सिंचाई तकनीक की खोज से लोग कृषि में अधिक सक्षम हुए तो वहीं, ब्रिटिश काल में कपास और नील जैसी वाणिज्यिक फसलें उगाने से बड़ा बदलाव आया और धन कमाना कृषि का प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो गया। इसके दुष्परिणाम स्वरूप खाद्य संकट एक बड़ी समस्या के रूप में सामने आया। 1970 के दशक में आई हरित क्रान्ति ने तीव्र खाद्यान्न उत्पादन के एक नए युग का सूत्रपात किया। इस क्रान्ति का एक प्रमुख उत्प्रेरक रासायनिक उर्वरकों का प्रयोग रहा। निश्चय ही हरित क्रान्ति ने तात्कालिक खाद्यान्न संकट का समाधान किया किन्तु भविष्य के लिए एक हानिकारक पद्धति का सूत्रपात कर दिया। जिसके दुष्परिणामों से निपटने के लिए भी हमें तैयार रहना होगा।
Faktor - Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Loyalitas Pelanggan Giant Tole Iskandar
Authors: Regita Ericca Nindya 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan pada Giant Tole Iskandar Depok dan faktor manakah yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan pada Giant Tole Iskandar Depok. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan mencari informasi tentang gejala yang ada, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, dan penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu analisis rentang skala dan analisis faktor. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 7 variabel dengan 33 indikator yang merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan pada Giant Tole Iskandar Depok, dari 7 variabel yang telah dianalisis terbentuk 6 faktor yakni faktor daya tanggap, faktor akses, faktor keterjangkauan harga, faktor penjualan langsung, faktor suhu dan faktor kesesuaian dengan spesifikasi. Untuk faktor dominan dengan analisis rentang skala yaitu faktor akses dengan nilai rata-rata 1.222 dan untuk faktor dominan dengan analisis faktor yaitu faktor daya tanggap dengan nilai total variance sebesar 29,59%.
Kata Kunci: analisis faktor, loyalitas pelanggan, Giant Tole Iskandar Depok
Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Dalam Putusan Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Beda Agama Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Ahmad Baihaki  
Published: June 2021

Sistem hukum waris Islam secara normatif mengatur bahwa perbedaan agama menjadi salah satu sebab penghalang waris mewarisi (mawani’ al-irtsi) antara ahli waris dengan pewarisnya. Namun dalam praktiknya, Pengadilan Agama, Pengadilan Tinggi Agama, maupun Mahkamah Agung bersepakat memberikan bagian harta peninggalan pewaris yang beragama Islam kepada ahli waris non Islam melalui penerapan pemberian wasiat wajibah. Pemberian wasiat wajibah pertama kali diputuskan oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Agama DKI Jakarta yang kemudian dikukuhkan melalui putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 368.K/AG/1995. Putusan ini telah menjadi yurisprudensi dan menjadi menjadi dasar rujukan hukum bagi putusan-putusan hakim berikutnya dalam menyelesaikan persoalan hukum yang sama. Tulisan ini berupaya mengkaji beberapa persoalan hukum, yaitu pengaturan mengenai pembagian waris beda agama dikaitkan dengan wasiat wajibah menurut Hukum Islam. Kemudian penulis berupaya mengkaji dasar-dasar penerapan wasiat wajibah dalam beberapa putusan hakim dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris beda agama di Pengadilan dan menganalisisnya ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini, yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif – empiris. Selain mengkaji aspek hukum dalam peraturan perundangan-undangan, juga menelaah fakta-fakta hukum dalam putusan hakim mengenai penerapan wasiat wajibah dalam penyelesain sengketa waris beda agama.
KECUKUPAN ENERGI DAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI (IMD) TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 6 – 23 BULAN
Authors: Fitriyani Addina Rizky , Sunarto Sunarto 
Published: June 2021

Salah satu masalah gizi di Indonsia dan menjadi prioritas untuk segera ditangani adalah stunting. Menurut Riskesdas tahun 2013 angka stunting di Indonesia mencapai 37,2%. Asupan energi dan Inisiasi Menyusui Dini (IMD) merupakan faktor tejadinya stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan energi dan IMD dengan kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Cross - sectional dengan data skunder yang diperoleh dari data Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2017. Populasi target pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita berusia 6 – 23 bulan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel PSG Jawa Tengah tahun 2017 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yang berjumlah 1617 Balita berusia 6-23 bulan. Analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda untuk menghitung risiko kurang kecukupan energi dan tidak dilakukan IMD terhadap kejadian stunting. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Balita yang kurang energi memiliki risiko 2.4 kali untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan Balita yang cukup energi. Balita yang memiliki riwayat tidak melakukan IMD memiliki risiko 1.3 kali untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan Balita yang memiliki riwayat melakukan IMD.
BILANGAN RAMSEY MULTIPARTIT UKURAN UNTUK GRAF POHON DAN GRAF LINTASAN
Authors: Putri Yerti Syahraini , Effendi Effendi , Sy Syafrizal 
Published: June 2021

Misalkan j,l,n,s dan t adalah bilangan-bilangan asli dengan n,s≥2 dan j,l,t≥1 maka bilangan Ramsey multipartit ukuran m_j (K_(n×l),K_(s×t) ) adalah bilangan asli terkecil ξ sedemikian sehingga sebarang pewarnaan dari semua sisi K_(j×ξ) menggunakan dua warna merah dan biru, akan selalu berlaku bahwa K_(j×ξ) memuat K_(n×l) merah atau K_(s×t) biru sebagai subgraf. Untuk sebarang graf G dan H, j≥2 adalah bilangan bulat, bilangan Ramsey multipartit ukuran m_j (G,H) adalah bilangan asli terkecil ξ sedemikian sehingga setiap faktorisasi dari graf K_(j×ξ)≔F_1⊕F_2 memenuhi kondisi berikut: F_1 memuat subgraf G atau F_2 memuat subgraf H. Dalam makalah ini, akan ditentukan nilai-nilai dari bilangan Ramsey multipartit ukuran m_j (T_n,P_3 ) untuk j≥3. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bilangan Ramsey multipartit ukuran untuk graf pohon dan graf lintasan, untuk sebarang bilangan bulat positif n dan j≥3, yaitu m_3 (T_n,P_3 )=⌈n/3⌉, m_4 (T_n,P_3 )=⌈n/4⌉, dan m_3 (T_j,P_3 )=⌈n/j⌉.
Needs Assessment of Blended Learning Based Islamic Education on Higher Islamic Education Samarinda
Authors: Setiawan Agus 
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the potential and needs of lecturers and students in PAI learning which will be applied with the blended learning strategy. This research is a descriptive research with triangulation method and data sources. Data was collected through preliminary observations, analysis of students condition got from survey results (google form online) to 21 students from 4 faculties and several study programs, and interviews (lecturers and students). As for the data analysis used by adopting models from Miles, Huberman and Saldana, namely with three steps: data reduction, data display and withdrawal of conclusion data. The results of the study state that the potential and needs based on need assessment at IAIN Samarinda are: 1) the blended learning model is indispensable for the current technological development conditions at IAIN Samarinda, and on the achievements of KKNI in implementing learning with ICT, 2) survey results through google online form states that the analysis of student needs for innovative and interesting learning is 100% and student opinions about the learning needs of blended learning at IAIN Samarinda is 81%. 3) the expectations of this assessment need are: a) the blended learning model should have been implemented at university by looking at technological developments, b) the need for a complete module on blended learning (including RPS, learning devices, e-learning and evaluation) so that the implementation can be achieved, c) pedagogical socialization of blended learning to lecturers and students, d) facilities and infrastructure, e) and policies regarding the implementation of blended learning.The implication of this research could be a reference for other researchers to develop blended learning model in higher education.
COVID-19 and the ‘Myriad’: A Comparative Assessment of Emergency Responses from Europe and South America
Authors: Barker Kim , Uribe-Jongbloed Enrique , Scholz Tobias 
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted – across intricate borders, different geographies, and legal jurisdictions – that there is only so much that can be done in the way of governance to tackle the challenge posed by a virus. The pandemic is a global problem, one which has affected almost every country in significant and seldom-felt ways. Governments have been forced to react, to respond with emergency measures, temporary rules and legislation, and impose restrictions on freedoms. It has brought to the fore a range of responses, locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. What is particularly evident across the unfolding of the pandemic is the divergent approaches in introducing governance measures to control behaviour, to share data and information, and to report on the pandemic while holding decision-makers to account. Much of the reporting of government reactions to the pandemic has focussed on emergency restrictions, lockdowns, the suspension of ‘normal’ gatherings, public health data, and tracing apps. Each of these is bundled up with concerns over the interferences with freedoms, a lack of scrutiny and holding to account of governance bodies and lawmakers, and privacy concerns. The new ways of working, governing, and communicating emergency rules is a COVID-19 legacy for governments, but is it one that will shift our expectations? The balance between fundamental freedoms has been – to an extent – pitted against the public health agenda and the nature of the emergency response by governments across the world, but particularly in Germany, the UK, and South America. This article explores the nature of the government responses through emergency measures (and restrictions) and tracing programmes in three countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, and Colombia. The assessment – and comparison – of three countries, across two diverse regions – offers a unique discussion from the perspective of pandemic responses to the COVID-19 emergency. The pandemic itself provides an opportunity to compare countries, governance responses, and legalities that may not otherwise be possible. The myriad of responses seen throughout the pandemic offers a unique opportunity for comparative discussion – this paper provides that discussion, but in so doing, assesses whether it is possible to recommend a ‘one size fits all’ approach to governance emergencies.
Reference Intervals for Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Based on a Recent Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Xichang , Li Yongze , Zhai Xiaodan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Fan , Gao Xiaotong , Liu Shengyu , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to compare the reference intervals (RIs) [median (2.5th-97.5th percentiles)] for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) between subgroups stratified by ethnicity and iodine status in a global context.Design and MethodsPrimary data were derived from a recently published cross-sectional study in mainland China. Secondary data were obtained from online databases. The RIs for TSH were calculated in the reference population according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) standard and in the disease-free population. A meta-analysis of ethnicity- and iodine status-specific TSH RIs was performed.ResultsThe primary data showed that the TSH RI (mU/L) in the disease-free population was 2.33 (0.67, 7.87), which is wider than the published RI [2.28 (0.74, 7.04)] in the reference population. The meta-analysis showed that whether in the reference or disease-free population, the RIs in Yellows were much higher than those in Caucasians. In the reference population, the median and 2.5th percentile in the iodine-sufficient subgroup were both lower than the iodine-deficient or more-than-adequate subgroup, while the 97.5th percentile showed a positive trend with increasing sufficiency of iodine. However, in the disease-free population, the iodine-sufficient subgroup had a lower median and 97.5th percentile but higher 2.5th percentile than the iodine-deficient subgroup.ConclusionYellows have a higher TSH RI than Caucasians. In the reference population, both the median and 2.5th percentile TSH in the iodine-sufficient population were the lowest among the different iodine status subgroups, while the 97.5th percentile of TSH showed an upward trend with increasing iodine sufficiency.
Measuring the Impact of Targeting FcRn-Mediated IgG Recycling on Donor-Specific Alloantibodies in a Sensitized NHP Model
Authors: Manook Miriam , Flores Walter J. , Schmitz Robin , Fitch Zachary , Yoon Janghoon , Bae Yeeun , Shaw Brian , Kirk Allan , Harnois Melissa , Permar Sallie , Farris Alton B. , Magnani Diogo M. , Kwun Jean , Knechtle Stuart 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn transplantation, plasmapheresis and IVIg provide the mainstay of treatment directed at reducing or removing circulating donor-specific antibody (DSA), yet both have limitations. We sought to test the efficacy of targeting the IgG recycling mechanism of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) using anti-FcRn mAb therapy in a sensitized non-human primate (NHP) model, as a pharmacological means of lowering DSA.MethodsSix (6) rhesus macaque monkeys, previously sensitized by skin transplantation, received a single dose of 30mg/kg anti-RhFcRn IV, and effects on total IgG, as well as DSA IgG, were measured, in addition to IgM and protective immunity. Subsequently, 60mg/kg IV was given in the setting of kidney transplantation from skin graft donors. Kidney transplant recipients received RhATG, and tacrolimus, MMF, and steroid for maintenance immunosuppression.ResultsCirculating total IgG was reduced from a baseline 100% on D0 to 32.0% (mean, SD ± 10.6) on d4 post infusion (p&lt;0.05), while using a DSA assay. T-cell flow cross match (TFXM) was reduced to 40.6±12.5% of baseline, and B-cell FXCM to 52.2±19.3%. Circulating total IgM and DSA IgM were unaffected by treatment. Pathogen-specific antibodies (anti-gB and anti-tetanus toxin IgG) were significantly reduced for 14d post infusion. Post-transplant, circulating IgG responded to anti-FcRn mAb treatment, but DSA increased rapidly.ConclusionTargeting the FcRn-mediated recycling of IgG is an effective means of lowering circulating donor-specific IgG in the sensitized recipient, although in the setting of organ transplantation mechanisms of rapid antibody rise post-transplant remains unaffected.
Interaction of Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus With In Vitro Derived Conventional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Li Yanli , Mateu Enric 
Published: June 2021

The present study delineates the interaction of a typical PRRSV1.1 isolate 3267 (moderate virulence) with in vitro derived pig conventional dendritic cells, cDC1, cDC2, and a CD14+ population (designated as CD14+ DCs). cDC1 and cDC2 were not susceptible to 3267 infection, but a fraction of CD14+ DCs were infected. After exposure to the virus, all three DC types remained immature as determined by no increase of maturation molecules (MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80/86, CCR7), no release of cytokines, no modification of antigen presentation abilities, and no alteration of endocytic/phagocytic capabilities. However, when infected MARC-145 cells were used as a source of viral antigens, cDC2 and CD14+ DCs showed a significant increase in the expression of maturation molecules and substantial release of cytokines, notably IL-12/IL-23p40 (by both DC types) and IL-10 (by CD14+ DCs). To address the impact of PRRSV1 3267 on TLR3- and TLR7-mediated activation, cDC1, cDC2, and CD14+ DCs were inoculated by the virus (live or UV-inactivated) for 6 h prior to or simultaneously with the addition of poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) or gardiquimod (TLR7 ligand; not used for cDC1). Compared with using TLR ligand alone, combination with the virus did not result in any alteration to the maturation markers on all DC types but changed the cytokine response to either TLR3 or TLR7 ligand. Pre-exposure of cDC2 or CD14+ DCs to the live virus resulted in an increased production of IFN-α upon poly I:C stimulation, while pre-exposure to UV-inactivated virus tended to enhance the release of IL-10 upon gardiquimod stimulation. Simultaneous addition of the live virus and the TLR ligand either had no effect (mainly in cDC2) or impaired most of the cytokine release after gardiquimod stimulation (in CD14+ DCs). When used as antigen presenting cells, cDC2 pre-inoculated by the live virus before addition of gardiquimod impaired the proliferation of CD4–CD8– T cells. In the case of CD14+ DCs, pre-exposure to the live virus or simultaneously added with TLR3 or TLR7 ligand largely decreased the proliferation of CD4–CD8+ and CD4–CD8+ T-cell subsets. For cDC1, no significant changes were observed in cytokine responses or T-cell proliferation after poly I:C stimulation. Of note, cDC1 had a short life during in vitro culturing, for which the results obtained might be biased. Overall, exposure to PRRSV1 did not induce maturation of cDC1, cDC2, or CD14+ DCs, but modified TLR3 and TLR7-associated responses (except for cDC1), which may affect the development of adaptive immunity during PRRSV1 infection. Moreover, the sensing of infected cells was different from that of the free virus.