bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood farm density, types of agriculture, and depressive symptoms among older farmers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kanamori Mariko , Hanazato Masamichi , Kondo Katsunori , Stickley Andrew , Kondo Naoki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Farmers may have an increased risk for poor mental health. In connection with this, factors specific to the neighborhood environment such as farm density and the type of agriculture, might be important for mental wellbeing. In this study we aimed to clarify the cross-level interaction on depressive symptoms between farm density at the neighborhood level by type of agriculture and the longest occupation of individuals (farmer or non-farmer).

Methods
Data came from the 2016 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) that were linked to governmental agricultural data. Information was analyzed from 147,549 respondents aged 65 years or older, residing in 1024 neighborhoods in 39 municipalities. We calculated farm (crop or animal husbandry) density at the neighborhood level, dividing the number of agricultural management entities by the population. Three-level (individual, neighborhood, and municipality) Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence rate ratios of depressive symptoms.

Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher among individuals whose longest occupation was farmer compared to non-farmer. The estimated probability of depressive symptoms by a cross-level interaction analysis showed that among farmers of both genders, those who were residing in neighborhoods where the farm density was low had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, regardless of the type of agriculture. The slope of the relationship between depressive symptoms and animal husbandry farm density varied by occupation, with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms observed in male farmers compared to male non-farmers.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among farmers in neighborhoods with a low farm density may reflect a scarcity of formal and informal social support in such communities. The health effects of the neighborhood environment on farmers, such as farm density, which may vary by the type of agriculture, should be further researched.
Lower normal free thyroxine is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort on Chinese population
Authors: Ding Xi , Zhu Chun-Ying , Li Rui , Wu Li-Ping , Wang Yue , Hu Shi-Qian , Liu Yi-Ming , Zhao Feng-Yi , Zhao Yang , Zhang Meng , He Ming-Qian , Chen Zi-Yi , Shi Bing-Yin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) across the euthyroid ranges and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been widely discussed. This study aimed to present specific cutoff values of THs to assess the association between THs and MetS in a euthyroid cohort.MethodsData of 2694 subjects, aged 18–80 years, who attended health examination in Xi’an Electric Power Central Hospital from April 2011 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed. The first cohort enrolled 929 participants (followed up by 2221 person-years totally) to assess correlations between serum thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) levels and MetS. The second cohort included 698 participants (followed up by 1709 person-years totally) to evaluate relationships between serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) levels and MetS. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) scientific statements of 2009. Euthyroidism was defined as serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels within the reference ranges without taking any thyroid medication.ResultsThe cutoff values for TSH, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 were 2.0mIU/L, 1.9 nmol/L, 117 nmol/L, 4.3 pmol/L and 16 pmol/L, respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups according to cutoff values: the lower-THs group and the higher-THs group. There was no significant difference in the risk of MetS between two groups in TSH, T3, T4 and FT3. The incidence of MetS was significantly higher in lower-FT4 group than higher-FT4 group (1.00 vs 0.622 (0.458, 0.846),P = 0.002). The lower-FT4/higher-TSH group had the highest hazard ratios of MetS. (2.131vs 1.0 (1.380,3.291),P = 0.006).ConclusionsLower normal FT4 (FT4 ≤ 16.0 pmol/L) is an independent risk factor for MetS, and lower normal thyroid function (TSH > 2.0 mIU/L and FT4 ≤ 16.0 pmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of developing MetS.
Effect of photodynamic therapy using diode laser and a novel plant extract irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans
Authors: Sadony Doaa M. , Khallaf Maram E. , Kamal Jackline Samir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the antibacterial effect of diode laser and photodynamic therapy using methylene blue dye when used alone or in combination with Moringa oleifera extract on root canal microbes. A total of 50 single root canals with single straight canals were prepared with ProTaper files, sterilized in an autoclave device, contaminated with root canal microbes (Enterococcus faecalis and Candidia albicans) and placed in incubator for 21 days. They were then randomly divided into 6 groups. Laser group: (10 root canals) were subjected to laser only. Moringa group: (10 root canals) were irrigated using plant extract only (Moringa). PDT group: (10 root canals) were irrigated using Moringa and Methylene blue then subjected to laser. Methylene blue and laser group: (10 root canals) were irrigated using methylene blue then subjected to laser. Negative control group: (10 root canals) weren't irrigated. After treatment microbial assessment (colony count) was done. Data was analyzed using ANOVAs test.

Results
Moringa/laser group and PDT group showed statistically least bacterial count for both E. faecalis and Candida albicans. Moringa only group showed statistically less bacterial count than control group.

Conclusion
The combined use of PDT together with Moringa oleifera has the best antimicrobial effect.
Probiotics mediated gut microbiota diversity shifts are associated with reduction in histopathology and shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis
Authors: Muwonge Adrian , Karuppannan Anbu K. , Opriessnig Tanja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Clinical intervention during bacterial infections in farm animals such as pigs commonly includes the use of antimicrobials. With the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the attempts to reduce the use of antibiotics in food animals, effective alternatives are urgently needed to reduce or even remove pathogens and disease risks. Improving clinical outcomes and overall pig health by using probiotics appears attractive. However, reliable data sets on the efficacy of probiotics are scarce. The obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis is widespread in pigs and associated with severe enteropathy, mainly in the ileum, commonly resulting in substantial reduction in weight gain. The impact of three in-feed probiotics and a commercial live L. intracellularis vaccine was compared in a pig challenge model. Probiotic treatment was associated with reduced L. intracellularis fecal shedding and reduced gut lesions. Here, the bacterial microbiota of the ileum of these pigs was characterized with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was subsequently analyzed with bioinformatics tools.

Results
The greatest microbial richness was observed in the probiotic treated group T03-LAW, which accounted for 87% of richness observed in the study. Treatment had a significant impact on both the microbiota structure and taxonomic profile in the ileum, explaining between 26 and 36% of the structural variation, with the strongest association in the T03-LAW group. Overall, the largest changes were observed for the pigs treated with in-feed Bacillus pumilus; the microbiota of these pigs had the greatest diversity and highest richness. We also observed depleted and enriched core microbiota amongst the groups; however, there was no correlation with clinical characteristics. The results suggest that an increased diversity of the ileal microbiota is associated with a reduction in shedding, i.e. a unit increase in Shannon diversity index resulted in 2.8 log reduction in shedding.

Conclusions
Probiotic supplementation of a base feed ration increased ileum microbiota diversity leading to a mitigation of the effects of a pathogenic L. intracellularis challenge. An even and diverse microbiota community benefits pigs infected with L. intracellularis, however, investigations are needed to determine if this is also true for other pathogens. The study unambiguously demonstrates the usefulness of probiotic supplementation in reducing the impact of enteric pathogens and pathogen shedding rates in food animals without the use of antimicrobials.
Acral vascular syndrome Lennert type T cell lymphoma—a case report
Authors: Klanidhi Kamal Bandhu , Monian S. Ashwin , Chakrawarty Avinash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Acral vascular syndrome clinically presents as digital ischemia with Raynaud’s phenomenon and erythromelalgia but can be rarely seen in the malignant condition. Patients may present pain, permanent digital blanching or cyanosis, and desquamation or ulceration of the fingers. Acral vascular syndrome is rarely associated with lymphoid neoplasm and is associated with smoking, autoimmune connective tissue diseases, and vasculitis. Here, we describe a 79-year-old female who was diagnosed with vitiligo and peripheral T cell lymphoma Lennert type stage 4 with anemia of chronic disease with digital acral vascular syndrome.

Case presentation
A 79-year-old female with vitiligo presented with gangrene of the distal extremities associated with pain and intermittent fever for 2 months. On evaluation, she was found to have anemia of chronic disease and generalized lymphadenopathy and diagnosed as peripheral T cell lymphoma Lennert type with bone marrow involvement and digital acral vascular syndrome.

Conclusion
Acral vascular syndrome can be a presentation of lymphoma; if intervened earlier, the patient can be saved from the amputation of fingers or affected limb. Though it is a rare presentation of lymphoma, it should be considered if there is a rapid progression of gangrene. Early initiation of chemotherapy may result in the reduction of further progression of digital gangrene and thus prevents functional dependence on caregivers. In our patient, gangrene of other fingers was prevented even though it is an aggressive variant of T cell lymphoma.
Fertility Drain or Fertility Gain? Emigration and Fertility During the Great Recession in Italy
Authors: Anelli Massimo , Balbo Nicoletta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
How does emigration affect fertility in the country of origin? We address this question by estimating counterfactual fertility during the Great Recession in order to understand what the effect of the recession on fertility would be in the absence of emigration. Between 2009 and 2014, Southern European countries suffered from harsh economic instability, which triggered a sharp drop in fertility and a spike in emigration. We focus on Italy, exploiting the richness of the Italian Administrative Registry of Italians Residing Abroad (AIRE), which records information about all Italian citizens moving their residence abroad, as well as Italian birth records. Using an instrumental variable approach, which helps overcome endogeneity issues in the fertility-migration relationship, we find a positive impact of emigration on the total fertility rate at the Italian province level. This result suggests that emigrants are selected among those individuals who have a lower risk of having children. Therefore, in the absence of emigration, counterfactual fertility would have been lower than it actually is. Such a positive effect of out-migration on fertility in the area of origin could thereby lead to an underestimation of the effect of the recession on fertility.
The changing face of rhinology in the NHS: a study of septoplasty, septorhinoplasty and rhinoplasty hospital episode statistics
Authors: Balai E , Jolly K , Bhamra N , Osborne MS , Barraclough J 
Published: March 2021

Introduction In 2011, septorhinoplasty and rhinoplasty were reclassified as procedures of limited clinical value in the NHS. The criteria for funding these operations varies across England. We used hospital episode statistics and freedom of information requests to review the total number of rhinology procedures performed across the previous decade, looking at trends in practice related to time, demographics and commissioning policy. Materials and methods Hospital episode statistics for 2012–2019 were used to calculate the number of septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, rhinoplasty and reduction rhinoplasty procedures performed in children and adults. Freedom of information requests were also made to all clinical commissioning groups in England asking for number of procedures performed and number of individual funding requests made. Results A total of 158,031 procedures were performed over this period; the majority were in adult (99.0%) men (65.7%). Septoplasty was the most frequently performed operation; however, the total numbers declined by 5.4% over this period. There was a yearly reduction in the overall number of septorhinoplasty, rhinoplasty and reduction rhinoplasty operations. Four clinical commissioning groups provided a detailed breakdown of data by year and procedure. Those that required individual funding requests for all cases saw septorhinoplasty numbers fall by 81% and 75% over the period. Those that did not, saw numbers increase or remain the same. Conclusions We found an overall year-on-year reduction in the number of rhinology operations being performed in the NHS, but variation in trends between different clinical commissioning groups. A reduction in operative activity likely represents the effect of underlying restrictions on commissioning rather than reduced clinical need.
Design of a high-throughput telescope based on scanning an off-axis three-mirror anastigmat system
Authors: Ji Huiru , Zhu Zhengbo , Tan Hao , Shan Yuefan , Tan Wei , Ma Donglin 
Published: March 2021

A high-throughput optical system possesses a large field of view (FOV) and high resolution. However, it is a major challenge to design such a telescope with these two conflicting specifications. In this paper, we propose a method to design a high-throughput telescope based on the classical off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) configuration by introducing a scanning mechanism. We derive the optimum initial design for the TMA system with no primary aberrations through characteristic ray tracing. During the design process, a real exit pupil is necessitated to accommodate the scanning mirror. By gradually increasing the system’s FOV during the optimization procedure, we finally obtained a high-throughput telescope design with an F-number of 6, a FOV of

6

0

∘

×

1

.

5

∘

, and a long focal length of 876 mm. In addition, a tolerance analysis is also conducted to demonstrate the instrumentation feasibility. We believe that this kind of large rectangle FOV telescope with high resolution has broad future applications in the optical remote sensing field.
Deep industrial transfer learning at runtime for image recognition
Authors: Maschler Benjamin , Kamm Simon , Weyrich Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe utilization of deep learning in the field of industrial automation is hindered by two factors: The amount and diversity of training data needed as well as the need to continuously retrain as the use case changes over time. Both problems can be addressed by industrial deep transfer learning allowing for the performant, continuous and potentially distributed training on small, dispersed datasets. As a specific example, a dual memory algorithm for computer vision problems is developed and evaluated. It shows the potential for state-of-the-art performance while being trained only on fractions of the complete ImageNet dataset at multiple locations at once.
Petrinetzbasierte Verlässlichkeitsanalyse einer sicherheitsrelevanten, bordautonomen Zugortung auf Grundlage von PROFUND
Authors: Dodinoiu Andreas , Geffert Arne , Lan Tianxiang , Becker Uwe 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die bevorstehende Modernisierung des Schienenverkehrs wird sich auf die Zugsicherungs- und Signaltechnik auswirken, z. B. auf die Zugortung, die bordautonom und satellitenbasiert werden soll. Um schon in frühen Entwicklungsstadien Aussagen über die Verlässlichkeit eines solchen Systems treffen zu können, ist eine prospektive Risikoabschätzung auf funktionaler Ebene erforderlich. Durch Weiterentwicklung der PROFUND-Methode kann mithilfe einer petrinetzbasierten Modellierung und einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation eine quantitative Aussage über die Verlässlichkeit des Systems getroffen werden.
Association of thyroid autoimmunity and the response to recombinant human growth hormone in Turner syndrome
Authors: Song Yuyao , Yang Hongbo , Wang Linjie , Gong Fengying , Pan Hui , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Short stature and thyroid autoimmunity are common comorbidities in Turner syndrome (TS). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) significantly improves height growth in TS individuals. This study aims to investigate the association of thyroid autoimmunity and the response to rhGH treatment in TS patients.

Methods
Medical records of 494 patients with TS were reviewed. Among 126 patients who regularly tested for thyroid autoantibodies, 108 patients had received rhGH treatment. Clinical characteristics, including karyotype and the presence of autoimmune thyroid diseases, as well as rhGH treatment records were analyzed. Height velocity (HV) of patients with or without thyroid autoimmunity was compared to assess the response to rhGH treatment. For patients who developed thyroid autoantibodies during rhGH treatment, HV before and after antibody presence were compared.

Results
45XO monosomy presented in 36% (176/496) of patients. 42.1% of patients (53/126) had elevated circulating anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody. In 108 patients who received rhGH treatment, HVs were significantly correlated to age, height, weight and BMI at the initiation of treatment. For patients who developed thyroid autoantibodies during rhGH treatment, HVs after thyroid autoantibody presence significantly decreased compared with HVs before thyroid autoantibody detection (n=44, p=0.0017).

Conclusions
Our data suggested that in TS patients who developed thyroid autoantibodies during rhGH treatment, the response to rhGH is negatively associated with the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
Superficiality and Representation: Adding Aesthetics to “Knowledge without Truth”
Authors: Vaillo Gonzalo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article has two parts. The first one compares the ontological and epistemological implications of two main philosophical stances on how reality relates to appearance. I call the first group the “plane of superficiality,” where reality and appearance are the same; there is no gap between what a thing is and how it manifests itself. I call the second group “volume of representation,” in which reality is beyond appearances; there is an insurmountable gap between the thing and its phenomena. The second part of the article focuses on Graham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) as the second group’s contemporary position. Within the OOO epistemological model of “knowledge without truth,” Harman’s schema of the observer’s participation in the object’s knowledge production is questioned. Alternatively, based on the notion proposed here of “flat representativity” in which each appearance is equally valuable to represent different aspects of the object, I argue for the full spectrum of the sensual as the basis for “knowledge without truth.” In particular, the aesthetic method, excluded from Harman’s concerns about knowledge, is suggested as another contribution to the episteme.
The Significance of Financial Competence and Risk Tolerance in Home-Related Expenditure by Jurisdiction and Regime
Authors: Clark Gordon L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Understanding observed geographical patterns in financial behaviour requires an analytical approach that joins global forces with national institutions and behavioural practices to account for similarities and differences in key explanatory variables. Patterns of home-related expenditures are regressed against individuals’ attributes including age, gender, income, and employment status along with measures of individual’s financial acumen. It is shown that there are differences in the statistical significance of individual attributes and financial factors (competence and risk tolerance) by jurisdiction, and between groups of jurisdictions distinguishing between Anglo-American and European countries. Implications are drawn for research at intersection of global finance, jurisdictional context and individual decision-making.
Uso del caucho granulado en mezclas asfálticas: Una revisión literaria
Authors: Muñoz Perez Socrates Pedro , Hoyos Diaz Luz Magali , Puicon Herrera Katyuska Del Carmen 
Published: March 2021

Cada año se producen millones de toneladas de neumáticos desechados, lo cual presenta un grave problema ambiental. Debido a esto, en la actualidad se está usando el caucho granulado (CR) en el diseño de mezclas asfálticas, ya que proporcionan propiedades fundamentales en ello, como la durabilidad y la resistencia. En la presente recopilación literaria se analizaron diferentes artículos con el objetivo de descifrar los procesos y métodos que se emplean con el uso del CR, identificar los porcentajes óptimos y la mejora que éste proporciona en las mezclas asfálticas. Se halló que los porcentajes óptimos de CR en las mezclas asfálticas varían en un rango de 1%-20% en peso de la mezcla total. Asimismo, utilizar el CR aporta diferentes beneficios a la mezcla tales como: resistencia a la tracción indirecta, a la susceptibilidad, a la humedad, a la formación de surcos, a la permeabilidad y al envejecimiento; aumenta la vida útil de las mezclas a la fatiga y disminuye el ruido. Se revisaron 50 artículos indexados en la base de datos Scopus entre los años 2006 y 2020 sobrenel uso de CR en mezclas asfálticas, daño por humedad, resistencia a laformación de surcos, resistencia a la fatiga y resistencia a baja temperatura.