bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ductus Arteriosus Closure After Premature Birth
Authors: Bouazza Naïm , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Foissac Frantz , Urien Saïk , Aikio Outi , Roze Jean‐Christophe , Hallman Mikko 
Published: July 2021

In preterm infants, a high risk of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) exists and its persistence is associated with an increased risk of severe morbidity. Current pharmacological options include ibuprofen or indomethacin. However, treatment by indomethacin or ibuprofen of a large PDA was shown to reduce early pulmonary hemorrhage and later medical treatment but had no effect on neonatal death or morbidity. Early prophylactic treatment of ductus arteriosus by paracetamol seems to be an attractive opportunity to reduce life‐threatening morbidity. However, there are currently no data regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol in preterm neonates in this potential new indication. In this study, we aimed to develop a population PK model for paracetamol and investigate the relationship between paracetamol exposure levels and time to contraction of the ductus. Data were modeled using Monolix software. A one‐compartment model adequately described the paracetamol concentration‐time course. A Weibull model adequately described the time to contraction of the ductus. Our results suggest that the dosage used in this study (i.e., first day 42.5 mg/kg, then 30 mg/kg/day) allows for reaching the maximum inhibition response from paracetamol regarding the time to close the ductus. However, this study pointed out a lower effect of paracetamol on extremely preterm neonates (below 27 weeks). Therefore, a dose‐finding study focusing specifically on extremely preterm neonates with treatment efficacy and toxicity is strongly needed.
Oral health related quality of life and reasons for non‐dental attendance among patients with substance use disorders in withdrawal rehabilitation
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Virtanen Jorma , Özkaya Ferda , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNo study has assessed the socio‐behavioral distribution of oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with substance use disorders receiving medically assisted rehabilitation therapy (MAR) in Norway.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) and its distribution among MAR patients in western Norway. We also examined whether oral impacts discriminate with different reasons for non‐dental attendance.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional study focusing OHRQoL was nested to the INTRO‐HCV study and implemented in six rehabilitation clinics for people with substance use disorders. A total of 167 MAR patients completed personal interviews and oral clinical examination upon entering the clinic for their MAR medication.ResultsThe prevalence of oral impacts (OIDP > 0) was 61%. Logistic regression, adjusted for sex and age presented with odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) revealed that less than 20 remaining teeth (OR = 5.3 95% CI: 1.6–23.3) and dissatisfaction with dental care (OR = 5.1 95% CI: 1.3–19.0) increased the odds of having OIDP > 0. OIDP > 0 was also associated with insufficient dental follow‐up due to dental anxiety and poor experiences with perceived attitudes of dental workers. Means OIDP among people with negative experiences with attitudes of dental care workers were 3.1 (SD 0.8) compared to 1.4 (SD 0.7) among those without negative experiences, and 2.8 (SD) for those with dental anxiety compared to 1.8 (SD) among those without.ConclusionOHRQoL among MAR patients was generally poor. To reach those with a need for dental care, modification of the existing rehabilitation approach toward closer collaboration between dental health care workers and others in contact with drug users might be necessary.
Models of mediation: Theoretical and legal analysis
Authors: Lohvinenko Mykola , Starynskyi Mykola , Rudenko Lyudmila , Kordunian Iryna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe research is relevant since the success of mediation largely depends on the model of the process chosen by the mediator at the stage of preparation. This article aims to study different models of mediation, such as facilitative mediation, evaluative, transformative, e‐mediation, mixed mediation, mediation‐arbitration, narrative mediation, “Shuttle” mediation, court‐mandated mediation, and a lot of others. The key method of research on this issue is the method of analysis, which was used to characterize and determine the characteristics of different models of mediation, and to classify these models according to different criteria. The results showed that among all the studied models, facilitative mediation is the most popular in use. It focuses on the interests of the parties, reflecting the main goal of this procedure, which is to achieve a solution that meets the interests of all parties, and mixed mediation, when the mediator combines different mediation models, using the benefits of each. The study concluded that the mediator should take into account the content of the dispute, the interests of the parties, and the relationship between them, and choose the style of the process that best suits the specific situation. The materials of the article can be used to develop legislation regulating mediation in Ukraine. The results of this study can be used by scientists to conduct theoretical and practical research in the field of alternative dispute resolution, as well as mediators to increase the level of knowledge in the preparation for mediation.
Decline in neutralising antibody responses, but sustained T‐cell immunity, in COVID‐19 patients at 7 months post‐infection
Authors: Chen Jun , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Xinyu , Lin Yixiao , Liu Danping , Xun Jingna , Wang Zhenyan , Gu Ling , Li Qian , Yin Dan , Yang Junyang , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific humoral responses and T‐cell responses in patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to understand the natural protective immune responses and to facilitate the development of vaccines.MethodsWe conducted a combined assessment of the changes in neutralising antibody levels and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses over time in 27 patients up to 7 months after infection.ResultsThe neutralising antibody remained detectable in 96.3% of the patients at their second visit at about 7 months post‐onset of symptoms. However, their humoral responses, including titres of the spike receptor‐binding domain IgG and neutralising antibody, decreased significantly compared with those at first clinic visit. By contrast, the proportions of spike‐specific CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, in COVID‐19 patients after recovery were persistently higher than those in healthy controls. No significant change was observed in the proportion of spike‐specific CD4+ T cells in patients who had recovered from COVID‐19 within 7 months.ConclusionThe SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell immune responses persisted, while the neutralising antibodies decayed. Further studies are needed to extend the longevity of neutralising antibodies and to evaluate whether these T cells are sufficient to protect patients from reinfection.
Paternal biopsychosocial resilience in triadic interactions among African American/Black families exposed to trauma and socioeconomic adversity
Authors: Bocknek Erika London , Lozada Fantasy T. , Richardson Patricia , Brown Deon , McGoron Lucy , Rajagopalan Adithi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFathers have a distinct and unique effect on child development, but little is known about fathering beyond White or majority White families. The current study includes African American/Black biological fathers (N = 88) and their two‐year‐old children. Fathers reported low incomes and high rates of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parenting behaviors were observed in high‐stress and low‐stress triadic contexts. In the high‐stress condition, we assessed paternal responses to children's bids after the family was reunited following a separation paradigm. In the low‐stress condition, we assessed parenting behaviors during a teaching task. Fathers’ social baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was obtained as an index of parasympathetic arousal. RSA moderated the association between PTSD and fathers’ responsiveness (F = 6.90,p = .00,R2 = .30), with no association between PTSD and responsiveness demonstrated among fathers with the highest levels of RSA relative to the sample (effect = .04,p = .00; CI [0.02, 0.06]). RSA did not moderate the association between paternal depression and parenting behaviors (p > .05). Furthermore, responsiveness was only significantly associated with low‐stress paternal teaching behaviors for fathers with lower RSA (F = 4.34,p = .01,R2 = .21; effect = –.19,p = .00; CI [0.06, 0.32]). Findings demonstrate significant relationships among RSA, PTSD, and parenting for African American/Black men in contexts of economic adversity.
Land use and season drive changes in soil microbial communities and related functions in agricultural soils
Authors: Madegwa Yvonne Musavi , Uchida Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil microorganisms are important for the maintenance of soil health and related functions. Agricultural management practices such as land use, season, and fertilizer affect soil microbial community structures. However, the effect of these management practices on soil microorganisms and related functions, influenced by regionally different soil types, is still not clear. Hence, the study was conducted in an Andosol (volcanic soil) dominated agricultural region in a cool temperate climate to determine the effect of land use (cropland, grassland), season (spring, summer), and fertilizer (anaerobic digestate—AD) on soil microorganisms and related functions. Soils were sampled from farmers’ fields, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted and sequenced targeting 16S rRNA region. As a result, land use had a significant effect on beta diversity and evenness with higher values recorded in cropland than grassland. However, grassland had a higher number of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (10303) compared with cropland (5112). In cropland, season had a significant effect on beta diversity, evenness, OTU numbers, and Shannon index with higher values recorded in summer compared to spring. Based on predicted soil functions, nitrogenase (nifH) had significantly higher values in cropland‐summer while nitrite reductase (nirK) and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) were significantly higher in cropland‐spring. In grassland, season had a significant effect on beta diversity only. These results indicate that grassland microorganisms were stable and more resistant to seasonal changes than cropland, suggesting that conventional tillage practices have a negative effect on soil microbial stability. Additionally, grassland‐spring (7059) had a higher number of unique OTUs than grassland‐summer (2597). Based on predicted soil functions, nifH was significantly higher in grassland‐spring while nirK and amoA were significantly higher in grassland‐summer. These results indicate that the impact of seasons on soil microorganisms’ distribution and abundance in cropland and grassland may directly affect soil functions.
Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine Based Cruciforms
Authors: Ueberricke Lucas , Mizioch Dennis , Ghalami Farhad , Mildner Felix , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of cruciform aryl‐substituted quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine derivatives (QPPs) was synthesized through Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling of a 2,7‐diborylated pyrene tetraketal building block. The QPPs were analyzed for their optoelectronic properties by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and quantum‐chemical calculations. The solid‐state packing was investigated as well and evaluated for its charge transport properties by calculated charge transfer integrals.
Evolving the Scope of 5,5’‐Azobistetrazoles in the Search for High Performing Green Energetic Materials
Authors: Benz Maximilian , Gruhne Michael S. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krüger Nina , Lenz Tobias , Lommel Marcus , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe azotetrazole moiety represents a great platform for energetic materials, it offers a planar and nitrogen‐rich backbone, combined with a high heat of formation, which easily can be functionalized and tuned. Herein, we start from sodium 5‐aminotetrazolate and obtain two isomers by substitution reaction with 2‐chloroethanol. Azidoethyl and nitratoethyl substituted azo‐ tetrazoles were finally synthesized by oxidative azo coupling of the respective N‐ethyl functionalized 5‐aminotetrazole precursors using tert‐butyl hypochlorite as reagent. All compounds were analyzed through multicore NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. All solid compounds were further investigated using low‐temperature X‐ray crystallography. The purity was verified by CHNO elemental analysis and the decomposition temperature (DTA) and sensitivities toward impact, friction and electrostatic discharged were determined. Based on the CBS‐4M calculation results, the energetic properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 code.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for HPV16 Oncogene Based on Y‐shaped DNA Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Template‐free DNA Extension Reaction
Authors: Zhang Dongyou , Wang Yali , Jin Xiaoyu , Xiao Qi , Huang Shan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for HPV16 oncogene was explored. Hairpin DNA‐1, which can specifically bind with HPV16 oncogene, was fixed on the surface of gold electrode. Two hairpin DNAs underwent catalytic hairpin assembling with hairpin DNA‐1 to construct Y‐shaped DNA nanostructure, liberating HPV16 oncogene for target recycling. The 3’ terminus of Y‐shaped DNA nanostructure was prolonged under the catalysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Methylene blue was adsorbed onto DNA nanostructure to generate characteristic differential pulse voltammetry signal. This signal was increased with the concentration of HPV16 oncogene, and the detection limit of HPV16 oncogene was as low as 0.19 fM.
Can Wolf Spider Mothers Detect Insecticides in the Environment? Does the Silk of the Egg-Sac Protect Juveniles from Insecticides?
Authors: Laino A. , Romero S. , Cunningham M. , Molina G. , Gabellone C. , Trabalon M. , Garcia C.F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of pesticides for plague control in agroecosystems generates a threat to wildlife and a major problem for human health. Pesticide compounds are also an important source of water and atmosphere contamination. Although insecticides are effective on their target organisms, they often affect organisms that are not their target. The aim of the present study was to research the effects of 3 types of neurotoxic insecticides—a pyrethroid (cypermethrin), a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), and an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos)—on behavioral and physiological parameters of Pardosa saltans spider (Lycosidae). Our study analyzed for the first time the exploratory behavior of the spider mothers in the presence of these 3 insecticides on their egg-sacs and also on the ground. We also evaluated the oxidative stress effects on the juveniles hatched in the egg-sac protected by silk in relation to variations in detoxification enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation (reactive oxygen species [ROS]). The results show that these insecticides are repellents for mothers (cypermethrin is the most repellent), and maternal behavior is modified after detection of an insecticide on their egg-sac but mothers do not abandon their egg-sacs. These neurotoxic insecticides affect the juveniles inside their egg-sac. Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos caused more oxidative stress in juveniles than did imidacloprid. The ROS generated by these insecticides seemed to be adequately eliminated by the juveniles' antioxidant systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2861–2873. © 2021 SETAC
Dynamic functional connectivity profile of the salience network across the life span
Authors: Snyder William , Uddin Lucina Q. , Nomi Jason S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex together comprise the salience or midcingulo‐insular network, involved in detecting salient events and initiating control signals to mediate brain network dynamics. The extent to which functional coupling between the salience network and the rest of the brain undergoes changes due to development and aging is at present largely unexplored. Here, we examine dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the salience network in a large life span sample (n = 601; 6–85 years old). A sliding‐window analysis and k‐means clustering revealed five states of dFC formed with the salience network, characterized by either widespread asynchrony or different patterns of synchrony between the salience network and other brain regions. We determined the frequency, dwell time, total transitions, and specific state‐to‐state transitions for each state and subject, regressing the metrics with subjects' age to identify life span trends. A dynamic state characterized by low connectivity between the salience network and the rest of the brain had a strong positive quadratic relationship between age and both frequency and dwell time. Additional frequency, dwell time, total transitions, and state‐to‐state transition trends were observed with other salience network states. Our results highlight the metastable dynamics of the salience network and its role in the maturation of brain regions critical for cognition.
A dual‐channel language decoding from brain activity with progressive transfer training
Authors: Huang Wei , Yan Hongmei , Cheng Kaiwen , Wang Yuting , Wang Chong , Li Jiyi , Li Chen , Li Chaorong , Zuo Zhentao , Chen Huafu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen we view a scene, the visual cortex extracts and processes visual information in the scene through various kinds of neural activities. Previous studies have decoded the neural activity into single/multiple semantic category tags which can caption the scene to some extent. However, these tags are isolated words with no grammatical structure, insufficiently conveying what the scene contains. It is well‐known that textual language (sentences/phrases) is superior to single word in disclosing the meaning of images as well as reflecting people's real understanding of the images. Here, based on artificial intelligence technologies, we attempted to build a dual‐channel language decoding model (DC‐LDM) to decode the neural activities evoked by images into language (phrases or short sentences). The DC‐LDM consisted of five modules, namely, Image‐Extractor, Image‐Encoder, Nerve‐Extractor, Nerve‐Encoder, and Language‐Decoder. In addition, we employed a strategy of progressive transfer to train the DC‐LDM for improving the performance of language decoding. The results showed that the texts decoded by DC‐LDM could describe natural image stimuli accurately and vividly. We adopted six indexes to quantitatively evaluate the difference between the decoded texts and the annotated texts of corresponding visual images, and found that Word2vec‐Cosine similarity (WCS) was the best indicator to reflect the similarity between the decoded and the annotated texts. In addition, among different visual cortices, we found that the text decoded by the higher visual cortex was more consistent with the description of the natural image than the lower one. Our decoding model may provide enlightenment in language‐based brain‐computer interface explorations.
Mixed convection hybrid nanoliquid flow over an exponentially stretching rough (smooth) surface with the impacts of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Patil P. M. , Benawadi Sunil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the influence of homogeneous and heterogeneous (surface) reactions in the mixed convection flow of hybrid nanoliquid (Cu–Fe3O4/water) over an exponentially stretching surface. In this analysis, we have considered chemical species of unequal diffusivity. In spite of this, the effects of surface roughness and surface mass transfer are also included in the analysis. The numerical solutions to the transformed governing equations of the physical problem have been obtained by employing the implicit finite difference method and the quasilinearization technique. The numerical results for drag coefficient and rate of transfer of heat, along with various profiles such as velocity, temperature, and species concentrations, for some appropriate parameters are displayed by graphs and tables. The rate of transfer of heat from rough (smooth) surfaces to the liquid in the case of hybrid nanoliquid is found to be greater as compared to the nanoliquid (Fe3O4/water) and base liquid (water). Where as, opposite trend is observed for skin friction co–efficient. The influence of heterogeneous reaction on the reactant (bulk liquid) is found to be significantly high as compared to the homogeneous reaction in the regime of the boundary layer. The obtained numerical outcomes are compared with those of earlier literature and are found to be in good agreement.
Characteristics and predictors of patient care performed by clinical department chairpersons at U.S. schools of pharmacy
Authors: Slain Douglas , Goad Jeff , Moser Lynette R. , Seybert Amy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical pharmacy or pharmacy practice departments at schools of pharmacy are usually composed of practicing pharmacy specialists. There is little known about the requirements for and frequency of patient care provided by clinical department chairpersons. The primary objective of this study was to determine the likelihood that pharmacy practice chairs engage in patient care. A secondary objective was to identify those factors predicting chairperson participation in patient care activities.MethodsA brief 22‐item adaptive response survey was sent to clinical department chairpersons at schools of pharmacy in the United States. Initial identification of chairs came from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) with verification by school websites. Surveys from schools without a clinical chairperson (or similar position) were excluded, as were surveys from schools with Ph.D. department chairpersons from blended departments (ie, Clinical with Outcomes/Policy Sciences).ResultsOf the 128 eligible schools' department chairpersons, 113 completed the surveys (88.3% response rate). Forty‐four (38.9%) chairs reported that they maintain an active clinical practice even though 103 (91.1%) report it is not required. Factors that had a significant association with clinical practice were clinical service being an expectation (P = .0004), having a practice prior to becoming chairperson (P = .001), having a higher clinical service expectation (P < .0001), and having a lower administrative percentage (P = .0003). Age, rank, and academic track were not significant predictors. Of those with clinical practice, sites included community (45.4%), acute care (38.6%), primary care (4.5%), and other settings (11.4%). A majority of those with practice reported providing direct patient care (81.8%) or indirectly via supervision of students or other trainees (61.4%).ConclusionsMost schools of pharmacy do not require clinical department chairpersons to maintain a patient care practice, but many still choose to practice. Those that practiced before becoming a chairperson and have a lower administrative burden are more likely to continue to provide patient care.