bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Situ X-Ray Tomography on Permeability Evolution of C/SiC Porous Ceramic for Hypersonic Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Bo , Huang Haiming , Wu Shengchuan , Li Weijie , Huang Jie , Lin Andi , Wu Qian , Liu Yuexun , Xiao Tiqiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transpiration cooling system in hypersonic vehicles still remains a challenge due to the limitations of observing permeability and microstructure evolution of porous medium filled with coolant. To tackle this problem, a novel compression-permeation device is designed with high-resolution X-ray tomography system, and then an investigation on permeability evolution mechanism of a C/SiC porous ceramic under pressure is performed using in-situ X-ray imaging and the compression-permeation device. The experimental results indicate that the pore-space fluid flow is displayed in terms of three-dimensional streamlines, making the permeability mechanism clear. Meanwhile the porosity along the thickness of ceramic under pressure has been obtained by synchrotron tomography testing, and it is also verified that the porosity of C/SiC ceramic fabricated in our research group is basically uniform (>95.4%) along the thickness. Furthermore, we have found the evolution rule for permeability of porous ceramic with water, which depends on the variation of its microstructure under different loads.
Activation of mtor Mediates Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Glomerular Endothelial Hyperpermeability via the RhoA/ROCK/pmlc Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Li Xianfan , Chen Xiaolin , Yu Zengpu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is associated with albuminuria and renal glomerular endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The mTOR and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways are involved in glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) regulation, but their role in high glucose (HG)-induced GFB dysfunction in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of HG-induced GFB dysfunction in vitro.MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRGECs were cultured in vitro and exposed to HG. The horseradish peroxidase–albumin leakage and transendothelial electrical resistance of the endothelial monolayer were measured after HG treatment with or without rapamycin preincubation. A fluorescence probe was used to study the distribution of F-actin reorganization. The phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain (MLC) and mTOR were measured via western blotting. RhoA activity was evaluated via GTPase activation assay. The effects of blocking mTOR or the RhoA/ROCK pathway on endothelial permeability and MLC phosphorylation under HG conditions were observed.RESULTS: HG exposure induced F-actin reorganization and increased MLC phosphorylation, leading to EC barrier disruption. This effect was attenuated by treatment with rapamycin or Y-27632. Phospho-MLC (pMLC) activation in HRGECs was mediated by RhoA/ROCK signaling. mTOR and RhoA/ROCK inhibition or knockdown attenuated pMLC activation, F-actin reorganization and barrier disruption that occurred in response to HG exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that HG stimulation upregulated RhoA expression and activity through an mTOR-dependent pathway, leading to MLC-mediated endothelial cell cytoskeleton rearrangement and glomerular endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Making Sense of a Pandemic: Mindsets Influence Emotions, Behaviors, Health, and Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zion Sean , Louis Kengthsagn , Horii Rina , Leibowitz Kari , Heathcote Lauren , Crum Alia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the SARS-COV-2 virus spread across the world in the early months of 2020, people sought to make sense of the complex and rapidly evolving situation. This longitudinal study of N=5,365 Americans assessed three mindsets people formed about the COVID-19 pandemic and what it meant for their lives: ‘the pandemic is a catastrophe’, ‘the pandemic is manageable’ and ‘the pandemic can be an opportunity’. In line with our pre-registered hypotheses, these mindsets were associated with a unique and largely self-fulfilling pattern of emotions (positive, negative), behaviors (healthy, unhealthy, and compliance with CDC guidelines), experiences (connection/growth, isolation/meaninglessness) and wellbeing (physical health, mental health, quality of life). Moreover, mindsets formed in the first week of the pandemic predicted quality of life 6 months later, an effect that was mediated by emotions and behaviors.
Multi-sensor biologgers and innovative training allow data collection with high conservation and welfare value in zoos
Authors: English Holly M , Harvey Luke , Wilson Rory P , Gunner Richard M , Holton Mark D , Woodroffe Rosie , Börger Luca 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Zoos are valuable resources for research, providing scientists with access to rare and elusive species in an easy to observe environment. Animal-attached loggers (aka biologgers) offer profound insight into animal behaviour. Their use in zoos has high yet largely untapped potential to collect data relevant for wild animal research and conservation but also welfare and enrichment monitoring of the zoo animals themselves. However, affixing biologgers to study animals can be problematic in captive settings, limiting the accessibility of this technology for use on zoo species which ordinarily need to be sedated for the fitting of such devices, including large carnivores. Here we show that biologging collars and crate-training allow collection of novel datasets on captive animals with high welfare and conservation value, using endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) tagged with tri-axial accelerometer and tri-axial magnetometer loggers, as a case study. Two yearling female wild dogs were fitted with biologging collars while sedated in preparation for translocation from London to Whipsnade Zoo, with data collected for 10–26 hours until collar detachment. Two adult male wild dogs at London Zoo were trained to accept collars in a modified crate in exchange for a food reward, which allowed fitting and detaching the collars without sedation, with data collected for 28 days. First, we show how accelerometer and magnetometer data allow detection of fine-scale individual differences in the recovery from sedation as well as within- and between-individual variation in activity patterns in relation to the type of food received (tong vs. rabbit and pony carcass). Using the vectorial dynamic body acceleration metric (VeDBA), a proxy for movement-related energy expenditure, further shows that daily energy expenditure was higher on days with partial pony carcass feeds compared to rabbit feeds but varied considerably between days where flesh pieces were fed with tongs. Using the dead-reckoning method allowed reconstruction of fine-scale (1 Hz locations) movement paths within enclosures, indoors and outdoors, allowing visualisation and quantification of fine-scale movement and space use differences between individuals and over time, for example in response to different enrichment methods. Using multi-sensor biologgers, combined with training captive animals to accept collars without the use of anaesthetic, can enable flexible, experimental approaches to data collection with minimal impact on study animals, providing novel understanding of relevance for both zoo and wild animals.
Prediction of infection risk associated with the dynamic behavior of aerosol particles during dental aerosol generating procedures in dental clinics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baldion Paula Alejandra , Guerrero Camilo Alejandro , Cruz Alberto Carlos , Rodríguez Henry Oliveros , Betancourt Diego Enrique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The health emergency declaration owing to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn attention toward nosocomial transmission. The transmission of the disease varies depending on the environmental conditions. Saliva is a recognized SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in infected individuals. Therefore, exposure to fluids during dental procedures leads to a high risk of contagion. Objective: This study aimed to develop an infection risk prediction model for COVID-19 based on an analysis of the dynamic behavior of aerosol particles generated during dental procedures. Materials and methods: The dispersion of aerosol particles during dental aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) performed on phantoms was evaluated using colored saliva. The gravity-deposited aerosol particles were registered using filter paper within the perimeter of the phantom head and the settled particles were recorded in standardized photographs. Digital images were processed to analyze the stained area and the drops dimensions. A logistic regression model was built with the variables ventilation, distance from the mouth, instrument used, area of the mouth treated, and location within the perimeter area. Results: The largest percentage of aerosol particles ranged from 1 to 5 µm. The maximum settlement range from the mouth of the phantom head was 320 cm, with a high-risk cut-off distance of 78 cm. Ventilation, distance, instrument used, area of the mouth being treated, and location within the perimeter showed association with the amount of aerosol particles. These variables were used for constructing a scale to determine the risk of exposure to aerosol particles in dentistry within an infection risk prediction model. Conclusion: Contamination by disseminated aerosol particles represents a risk for the dental staff. Thus, it is advisable to improve ventilation and use biosafety measures. The need to implement new clinical and educational strategies was evident. This model is useful for predicting the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in dental practice.
Ochrona danych osobowych świadków w sprawach o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa kanonicznego
Authors: Poniatowski Michał 
Published: May 2021

W artykule zostało przedstawione zagadnienie dotyczące ochrony danych osobowych świadków w sprawach o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa kanonicznego.
W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono ochronę danych osobowych w Kościele. Ochrona ta może być regulowana prawnie w ramach autonomii Kościoła. Ochrona danych osobowych w Kościele ma charakter obowiązku i nie stanowi to novum w kościelnym porządku prawnym.
W dalszej części artykuł przedstawiono problematykę uznania autonomii i niezależności Kościoła w zakresie przetwarzania danych osobowych. W tym zakresie wskazano na relację norm prawa kanonicznego i prawa świeckiego.
Artykuł zawiera również przedstawienie ochrony danych osobowych świadków mając na uwadze to czy są oni członkami Kościoła czy też nie. Kwestia ta ma odpowiednie skutki prawne w zakresie ochrony danych osobowych.
Najważniejsze wnioski przedstawiono w zakończeniu.
Prediction of Inhibition Activity of BET Bromodomain Inhibitors using Grid Search-Based Extreme Learning Machine and Molecular Docking
Authors: Oyeneyin Oluwatoba Emmanuel , Obadawo Babatunde Samuel , Orimoloye Segun Michael , Akintemi Eric Oluwafisayo , Ipinloju Nureni , Asere Adeola M. , Owolabi Taoreed O. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Inhibition activity of the epigenetic readers, such as bromodomain and extra-
C terminal domain protein family, is of high significance in many therapeutic applications due to
their ability to regulate gene expression as well as the chromatin structure by binding to acetylysine
residues.

Objectives:
In order to effectively and quickly determine the inhibition activity of these compounds
for the desired therapeutic application, this work presents a grid search-based extreme learning machine
computational intelligence method through which the inhibition activity of forty different
compounds of substituted 4-phenylisoquinolinones was determined.

Methods:
The prediction and generalization capacity of the developed model were assessed using
four different error metrics, which include root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute
percentage deviation, and correlation coefficient between the measured values and predicted
activities. The lead compound (37), together with a kinase inhibitor, LY294002, and a bromodomain
and extra-C terminal inhibitor, CPI-0610, was docked with a bromodomain-containing protein 4
bromodomain 1, 6P05.

Results:
The developed model performed better than the existing model with percentage improvement
of 44.48%, 35.08%, 20.44%, and 1.23% on the basis of mean absolute percentage deviation,
mean absolute error, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient, respectively. The lead compound
has a better binding score than LY294002 and CPI-0610.

Conclusion:
Implementation of the developed model would help in searching for anti-inflammatory
as well as anticancer agents for effective therapeutic application.
A Digital Mobile Community App for Caregivers in Singapore: Predevelopment and Usability Study
Authors: Lwin May O , Sheldenkar Anita , Panchapakesan Chitra 
Published: May 2021

Background
With increasing life expectancy and aging populations, the global prevalence of chronic diseases and the long-term care required for people with comorbidities is rising. This has led to an ever-growing need for caregiving. Previous literature has shown that caregivers face problems of isolation and loneliness. However, many health organizations mainly focus their efforts on in-person community groups that require participants to meet physically. This is not always convenient or accessible for caregivers who are often juggling caring for their care recipient with family and work responsibilities.

Objective
With medical advancements such as the proliferation of mobile phones and internet technology, caregivers may have opportunities for easier access to resources and support. Technological innovations could help empower the caregiving community to seek assistance for improving their quality of life at their convenience. A community network app called Caregivers’ Circle was conceptualized in response to the needs of the caregivers on a day-to-day caregiving journey. This paper traces the predevelopment inquiry and technical details of this app to provide a clear understanding of its implementation along with a usability study to gauge user opinion of the app within Singapore.

Methods
A predevelopment survey was conducted to identify specific needs of caregivers and gaps in the currently available web-based community networks. The survey consisted of questions on demographical data, health-related issues of the care recipient, mental and physical health–related issues of the caregiver, digital media use, information seeking, and support. This pre–app development survey was completed by 103 caregivers. Qualitative enquiries were also conducted with caregivers within Singapore to identify issues related to caregiving, support provided, and what caregivers would want from a caregiving mobile app.

Results
From the feedback garnered from the caregivers, the developers were able to identify several caregivers’ needs and gaps within the current support networks. This feedback was integrated into the mobile app called Caregivers’ Circle upon development. The features of this app include a public forum for community discussions, a marketplace to buy and sell items, care groups to hold private discussions with friends or other users of the app, and a friends feature to search and add new caregiving friends.

Conclusions
In general, the caregivers liked the Caregivers’ Circle app and were confident that this app could help them have a better quality of life. The Caregivers’ Circle app is unique in its integrated approach. The integration of many features that caregivers need on a daily basis into an easy app can save their time as well as help them navigate their life smoothly.
Peter Rabbit is a Badger in Disguise: Deconstructing the Belief System of the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review in Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Langley Paul C 
Published: May 2021

The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), a Boston-based consulting group, has seen itself as the lead organization in the US for evaluating pharmaceuticals and, at product launch, making recommendations for pricing and access. Previous commentaries in Innovations in Pharmacy have made the case that the ICER analytical framework is nonsensical. It abandons the standards of normal science in favor of inventing evidence through unsupported assertions regarding measurement properties and lifetime assumption driven simulations. It has been labeled pseudoscience. Yet ICER persists in its belief that all preference scales have ratio properties. ICER believes it can disregard these standards, notably in respect of the axioms of fundamental evidence, and continue its technology assessment activities. Challenging a belief system is not undertaken lightly, although in the case of ICER the belief system is built on such shaky foundations that the effort seems almost superfluous. This deeply held belief, shared apparently by the majority of health economists according to ICER, that all preference scores have ratio properties with a true zero, is easily overturned: if it has ratio properties how is it that preferences scores have been known for over 30 years to recognize health states worse than death? In other words, they can have negative preferences. Recognizing this manifest contradiction is important because it brings into relief the wider belief system of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) who share the same mythical certainties. A key issue is one of cultural relativity: can we accept with equanimity the parallel existence of two belief systems in health technology assessment when one is clearly nonsense? The answer proposed here is clearly no; although unfortunately the blowback by ICER and ISPOR will ensure the survival at least in the near term of their unfortunate meme.
The psychology of a child who grew up in an orphanage
Authors: ‏​‏​‏​​‏​‏​​‏​‏​‏​‏​‏​‏ Aeshah Mohammad Alkhelaiwi  
Published: May 2021

The research talked about The psychology of a child who grew up in an orphanage without the love and support of their families. In the first, the research defined the orphan child and how they come to the orphanage, this research helps answer the question, " What is reasons for placement in orphanage?" . This research provided the child's right to family life and explain how much a family life is important for these orphan children. Also, the research provide strengthening family care and preventing placement in orphanages, which could help them in providing family care instead of just sending them to the orphanages. In addition to, it explain psychological factors impact, the orphans who grow up in orphanages are more likely to suffer from the various issues, which include poor health and underdevelopment. Indeed, the research provide many risks being involved with the lives of these orphans in the orphanage institutions. Then it explore risks of institutional care on later life. In conclusion, the research explain that it is difficult to generalizations about what is best for orphans, because there are good and bad models of both orphanages and family homes.
The reasons for the collective withdrawal of African States from the Statute of the International Criminal Court (and their impact on the universal character of the Court): دواعي الإنسحاب الجماعي للدول الأفريقية من النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية ( ومدى تأثيرها على الصفة العالمية للمحكمة )
Authors: Abker Ali Ahmed Abdul Majid  
Published: May 2021

The collective withdrawal of the African States from the statute of the International Criminal Court and its repercussions on the universal character of the court is the topic that the study tackled. The importance of the research is based on the above mentioned collective withdrawal, for it has really weakened the court, simultaneously revealed the deep effect of the African States on the International Criminal Court. In fact this collective work represents a bravery that is rarely seen in our contemporary world. A world that is loaded with unbearable human rights violations, never forgetting that the African States represent the bulk of the court members. By this, the court is no longer a court, and has been paralyzed once for all. The study aimed at unveiling the justifications, repercussions of the court inception and the extent to which it can intervene in the African home conflicts. A number of research methods were adopted, including: analytical descriptive, the inductive and the historical one. The study produced many results, from which: The majority of the ICC members are Africans, that means the collective withdrawal of the continent members from the court, results in losing the universality of the court, in addition to accusing the African leaders and criminalizing them, led to the mutiny of the leaders, represented in the threat of the union to choose the collective withdrawal from the statute of the ICC. The end-product of the study told a number of recommendations: The ICC should review the way of running its affairs, negotiate with African countries to withdraw their withdrawal from the ICC in order to maintain its global status. African countries should reconsider the collective withdrawal decision and activate national courts to carry out their duties perfectly.
The role of academic leaders in activating the social participation in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University: دور القيادات الأكاديمية في تفعيل المشاركة المجتمعية في جامعة الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل
Authors: Esra'a Jassim Hamad Al-Ghunaim,  Ahmed Suleiman Mohammed Ban  
Published: May 2021

This study aims to uncover the role of academic leaders in activating the social participation in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and is conducted from the student's point of view and to identify the significance of differences according to varying criteria (gender, academic track, and the level of study.(To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive, analytical approach and constructed the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire was composed of (50) items covering five domains: (Partnerships with families, Community service, Community resource development, Volunteering, Public relations and communication within communities). The study involved the entire student population consisting of both male and female students attending the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Of approximately (36,820) students, a random sample of (1841) students was generated and represent 5%, and the data was processed statistically by SPSS. The study reached several results, the most significant of which are: • Members of the sample study rated the role of academic leaders in activating community participation with a low level in all fields of study. 2.There are statistically significant differences between the views of the sample study in all areas due to gender variables favoring females. There are also differences according to the academic track which favors the scientific colleges. In light of the results, the researcher advises the following recommendations: - Initiate organizing field visits by students to schools, companies, associations and medical centers. Arranging tours to the directors of some companies and institutions of the university may play a vital role in supporting different disciplines respective to their nature. - Issue regulations for voluntary community work at the university supported by a list of cooperating and related authorities, incentives, violations, and penalties.