bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PatentNet: multi-label classification of patent documents using deep learning based language understanding
Authors: Haghighian Roudsari Arousha , Afshar Jafar , Lee Wookey , Lee Suan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatent classification is an expensive and time-consuming task that has conventionally been performed by domain experts. However, the increase in the number of filed patents and the complexity of the documents make the classification task challenging. The text used in patent documents is not always written in a way to efficiently convey knowledge. Moreover, patent classification is a multi-label classification task with a large number of labels, which makes the problem even more complicated. Hence, automating this expensive and laborious task is essential for assisting domain experts in managing patent documents, facilitating reliable search, retrieval, and further patent analysis tasks. Transfer learning and pre-trained language models have recently achieved state-of-the-art results in many Natural Language Processing tasks. In this work, we focus on investigating the effect of fine-tuning the pre-trained language models, namely, BERT, XLNet, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA, for the essential task of multi-label patent classification. We compare these models with the baseline deep-learning approaches used for patent classification. We use various word embeddings to enhance the performance of the baseline models. The publicly available USPTO-2M patent classification benchmark and M-patent datasets are used for conducting experiments. We conclude that fine-tuning the pre-trained language models on the patent text improves the multi-label patent classification performance. Our findings indicate that XLNet performs the best and achieves a new state-of-the-art classification performance with respect to precision, recall, F1 measure, as well as coverage error, and LRAP.
Staged entrepreneurship: the formation of hybrid and spawning entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Brändle Leif , Kuckertz Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost individuals find their way into entrepreneurship through combinations of self-employment and paid employment. However, prior research on entrepreneurial intentions has overlooked intended career transitions. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, we argue that, against the background of personal and environmental factors, individuals form career intentions that involve the combination of and transition between paid employment and self-employment. Suchstaged entrepreneurial intentionsinclude the delay of entrepreneurial entry by intermediate stages of paid employment (i.e.,spawning entrepreneurial intentions) or immediate entrepreneurial entry in parallel combination with paid employment at established organizations (i.e.,hybrid entrepreneurial intentions). We test these theoretical ideas based on a survey involving 1003 individuals prior to career entry. The results indicate that individuals proactively align their envisioned career stages according to expected socio-cognitive enablers and barriers (i.e., their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personal attitudes to entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and socioeconomic status). Notably, we find that individuals with lower levels of perceived social support for an entrepreneurial career more likely intend to combine their existing entrepreneurial activities with a conventional career at an established organization. Furthermore, individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds as well as women are more likely to delay entrepreneurial entry by starting their professional careers in paid employment. The study’s primary contribution is the introduction of a novel perspective on entrepreneurial intentions based on individuals’ intended career transitions.
Hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhan Jiabing , Chen Chen , Wang Dao Wen , Li Huaping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases account for approximately 80% of deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as the major diabetic cardiovascular complication. Hyperglycemia is a symptom that abnormally activates multiple downstream pathways and contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological changes. Although glycemic control has long been at the center of diabetes therapy, multicenter randomized clinical studies have revealed that intensive glycemic control fails to reduce heart failure-associated hospitalization and mortality in patients with diabetes. This finding indicates that hyperglycemic stress persists in the cardiovascular system of patients with diabetes even if blood glucose level is tightly controlled to the normal level. This process is now referred to as hyperglycemic memory (HGM) phenomenon. We briefly reviewed herein the current advances that have been achieved in research on the underlying mechanisms of HGM in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Gameful Learning for a More Sustainable World
Authors: Hoffmann Greta , Pfeiffer Jella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMunicipal waste sorting is an important but neglected topic within sustainability-oriented Information Systems research. Most waste management systems depend on the quality of their citizens pre-sorting but lack teaching resources. Thus, it is important to raise awareness and knowledge on correct waste sorting to strengthen current efforts. Having shown promising results in raising learning outcomes and motivation in domains like health and economics, gamification is an auspicious approach to address this problem. The paper explores the effectiveness of gameful design on learning outcomes of waste sorting knowledge with a mobile game app that implements two different learning strategies: repetition and elaboration. In a laboratory experiment, the overall learning outcome of participants who trained with the game was compared to that of participants who trained with standard analogue non-game materials. Furthermore, the effects of two additional, learning-enhancing design elements – repetition and look-up – were analyzed. Learning outcome in terms of long-term retention and knowledge transfer were evaluated through three different testing measures two weeks after the training: in-game, through a multiple-choice test and real-life sorting. The results show that the game significantly enhanced the learning outcome of waste sorting knowledge for all measures, which is particularly remarkable for the real-life measure, as similar studies were not successful with regard to knowledge transfer to real life. Furthermore, look-up is found to be a promising game design element that is not yet established in IS literature and therefore should be considered more thoroughly in future research and practical implementations alike.
Regulating the Electron Localization of Metallic Bismuth for Boosting CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wu Dan , Feng Renfei , Xu Chenyu , Sui Peng-Fei , Zhang Jiujun , Fu Xian-Zhu , Luo Jing-Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate is economically attractive but improving the reaction selectivity and activity remains challenging. Herein, we introduce boron (B) atoms to modify the local electronic structure of bismuth with positive valence sites for boosting conversion of CO2 into formate with high activity and selectivity in a wide potential window. By combining experimental and computational investigations, our study indicates that B dopant differentiates the proton participations of rate-determining steps in CO2 reduction and in the competing hydrogen evolution. By comparing the experimental observations with the density functional theory, the dominant mechanistic pathway of B promoted formate generation and the B concentration modulated effects on the catalytic property of Bi are unravelled. This comprehensive study offers deep mechanistic insights into the reaction pathway at an atomic and molecular level and provides an effective strategy for the rational design of highly active and selective electrocatalysts for efficient CO2 conversion.
Garcinia cambogia extract alters anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male Swiss albino mice
Authors: Ibrahim Michael K. , Aboelsaad Marina , Tony Fatma , Sayed Moustafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Twenty-one male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Control group was given distilled water (0.5 ml p.o.) and the other two groups received Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses, a low and a higher dose (100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. p.o.) Each animal received a single oral dose daily, which was administered using an oral gavage for fourteen consecutive days. Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± SD) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three-chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.

Article Highlights

Chronic used of alcoholic extract of Garcinia campbogia lead to a significant increase in anxiety that was manifested by the reduced time in the center zone and increased immobility in the open field test.

Garcinia camobogia chronic administration has a profound impact on sociability and social novelty with a significant decrease in both behavioral patterns compared to the control group.

These effects could be attributed to the noticed change in the dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite (HVA) and an upward expression of D2 receptors in return.
Royal Counsel in Tudor England, 1485–1603
Authors: McGovern Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoyal counsel in Tudor England has been a central historiographical theme for over twenty years. This review offers a critical assessment of the state of the field. It appraises historical and literary scholarship on both the theory and practice of royal counsel. Among other themes, it discusses the concepts of evil counsel andarcana imperii. The review concludes by suggesting priorities for future enquiry, including the need to think more carefully about which areas of English government still required royal decision-making, and therefore counsel, in this period. The article also charts the rise of conciliar ‘government under the king but not by the king’ and shows that Tudor counsel often happened the wrong way around: the monarch advised the privy council on the direction of state policy. It calls for a new administrative history in early modern studies, with a renewed focus on institutions and their procedures, to complement existing strengths in the fields of political culture and political thought.
Associations Between Eight Earth Observation‐Derived Climate Variables and Enteropathogen Infection: An Independent Participant Data Meta‐Analysis of Surveillance Studies With Broad Spectrum Nucleic Acid Diagnostics
Authors: Colston Josh M. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Badr Hamada S. , Burnett Eleanor , Ali Syed Asad , Rayamajhi Ajit , Satter Syed M. , Eibach Daniel , Krumkamp Ralf , May Jürgen , Chilengi Roma , Howard Leigh M. , Sow Samba O. , Jahangir Hossain M. , Saha Debasish , Imran Nisar M. , Zaidi Anita K. M. , Kanungo Suman , Mandomando Inácio , Faruque Abu S. G. , Kotloff Karen L. , Levine Myron M. , Breiman Robert F. , Omore Richard , Page Nicola , Platts‐Mills James A. , Ashorn Ulla , Fan Yue‐Mei , Shrestha Prakash Sunder , Ahmed Tahmeed , Mduma Estomih , Yori Pablo Penatero , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Bessong Pascal , Olortegui Maribel P. , Lima Aldo A. M. , Kang Gagandeep , Humphrey Jean , Prendergast Andrew J. , Ntozini Robert , Okada Kazuhisa , Wongboot Warawan , Gaensbauer James , Melgar Mario T. , Pelkonen Tuula , Freitas Cesar Mavacala , Kosek Margaret N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiarrheal disease, still a major cause of childhood illness, is caused by numerous, diverse infectious microorganisms, which are differentially sensitive to environmental conditions. Enteropathogen‐specific impacts of climate remain underexplored. Results from 15 studies that diagnosed enteropathogens in 64,788 stool samples from 20,760 children in 19 countries were combined. Infection status for 10 common enteropathogens—adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, Campylobacter, ETEC, Shigella, Cryptosporidium and Giardia—was matched by date with hydrometeorological variables from a global Earth observation dataset—precipitation and runoff volume, humidity, soil moisture, solar radiation, air pressure, temperature, and wind speed. Models were fitted for each pathogen, accounting for lags, nonlinearity, confounders, and threshold effects. Different variables showed complex, non‐linear associations with infection risk varying in magnitude and direction depending on pathogen species. Rotavirus infection decreased markedly following increasing 7‐day average temperatures—a relative risk of 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.85) above 28°C—while ETEC risk increased by almost half, 1.43 (1.36–1.50), in the 20–35°C range. Risk for all pathogens was highest following soil moistures in the upper range. Humidity was associated with increases in bacterial infections and decreases in most viral infections. Several virus species' risk increased following lower‐than‐average rainfall, while rotavirus and ETEC increased with heavier runoff. Temperature, soil moisture, and humidity are particularly influential parameters across all enteropathogens, likely impacting pathogen survival outside the host. Precipitation and runoff have divergent associations with different enteric viruses. These effects may engender shifts in the relative burden of diarrhea‐causing agents as the global climate changes.
Boulder Fall Ejecta: Present Day Activity on Mars
Authors: Vijayan S. , Harish  , Kimi K. B. , Tuhi S. , Vigneshwaran K. , Sinha R. K. , Conway S. J. , Sivaraman B. , Bhardwaj Anil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoulder falls are an archives of recent surface activity on Mars, however, determining how recently they fell remains elusive. Our multitemporal HiRISE image analysis shows that new tracks are characterized by a herringbone‐like ejecta pattern at each boulder bounce that we call boulder fall ejecta (BFE). First systematic survey of BFE revealed ∼4,500 tracks whose total integrated track length is ∼900 km. Our BFE longevity analysis reveals that these tracks likely formed in the last few decades. From few examples we also observed slope streaks originating from BFE tracks, providing additional evidence favoring a dry origin theory. BFE fade in as little as ∼2 to 4 Mars years, whereas, others can persist >6 Mars years suggesting differential weathering. Nearly 30% of BFE are observed in the Cerberus Fossae region, which suggests it is one of the most seismically active regions. Thus, BFE can be used to recognize very recent surface processes on planetary surfaces.
Prostate cancer risk in men of differing genetic ancestry and approaches to disease screening and management in these groups
Authors: McHugh Jana , Saunders Edward J. , Dadaev Tokhir , McGrowder Eva , Bancroft Elizabeth , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Eeles Rosalind 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common solid tumour in men worldwide and it is also the most common cancer affecting men of African descent. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality vary across regions and populations. Some of this is explained by a large heritable component of this disease. It has been established that men of African and African Caribbean ethnicity are predisposed to prostate cancer (PrCa) that can have an earlier onset and a more aggressive course, thereby leading to poorer outcomes for patients in this group. Literature searches were carried out using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies associated with PrCa risk and its association with ancestry, screening and management of PrCa. In order to be included, studies were required to be published in English in full-text form. An attractive approach is to identify high-risk groups and develop a targeted screening programme for them as the benefits of population-wide screening in PrCa using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in general population screening have shown evidence of benefit; however, the harms are considered to weigh heavier because screening using PSA testing can lead to over-diagnosis and over-treatment. The aim of targeted screening of higher-risk groups identified by genetic risk stratification is to reduce over-diagnosis and treat those who are most likely to benefit.
Revisiting the formaldehyde masers
Authors: van der Walt D. J. , Mfulwane L. L. 
Published: December 2021

Context. The 4.8 GHz formaldehyde (H2CO) masers are one of a number of rare types of molecular masers in the Galaxy. There still is not agreement on the mechanism responsible for the inversion of the 110−111 transition and the conditions under which an inversion can occur, and therefore how to interpret the masers.
Aims. The aim of the present calculations is to explore a larger region of parameter space to improve on our previous calculations, thereby to better understand the range of physical conditions under which an inversion of the 110−111 transition occurs. We also aim to understand recently published results that H2CO masers are radiatively pumped.
Methods. We solve the rate equations of the first 40 rotational levels of o-H2CO using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We consider gas kinetic temperatures between 10 and 300 K, H2 densities between 104 and 106 cm−3, and a number of different dust temperatures and grey-body spectral energy density distributions.
Results. We show that when using a black body radiation field the inversion of any transition will disappear as the kinetic temperature approaches the black-body radiation temperature since the system, consisting of the gas and radiation field, approaches thermodynamic equilibrium. Using a grey-body dust radiation field appropriate for Arp 220 we find that none of 110−111, 211−212, and 312−313 transitions are inverted for kinetic temperatures less than 100 K. Our calculations also show that in theory the 110−111 transition can be inverted over a large region of explored parameter space in the presence of an external far-infrared radiation field. Limiting the abundance of H2CO to less than 10−5, however, reduces the region where an inversion occurs to H2 densities ≳105 cm−3 and kinetic temperatures ≳100 K. We propose a pumping scheme for the H2CO masers which can explain why collisions play a central role in inverting the 110−111 transition, and therefore why an external radiation field alone does not lead to an inversion.
Conclusions. Collisions are an essential mechanism for the inversion of the 110−111 transition. Our results suggest that 4.8 GHz H2CO megamasers are associated with hot and dense gas typical of high mass star forming regions rather than with cold material. Although limiting the H2CO abundance to less than 10−5 significantly reduces the region in parameter space where the 110−111 is inverted, it still is not clear whether this is the only reason why these masers are so rare.
Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie empirisch konzeptualisieren: Die Faktorenstruktur des Wochenerfahrungsbogens (WEB)
Authors: Meier Deborah , Tschacher Wolfgang , Moggi Franz , Frommer Angela , Küttel Lili , Pfammatter Mario 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Zusammenhangsmuster 26 allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren wurde mit dem Ziel untersucht, die Debatte um Wirkmechanismen der Psychotherapie mit empirisch abgeleiteten Sekundärfaktoren (globale allgemeine Wirkfaktoren) konzeptuell zu erweitern und gleichzeitig Aspekte der Reliabilität und Validität eines neuen Instruments zur Erfassung allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren zu prüfen.
Methodik Die Aktivierung allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren wurde mit dem Wochenerfahrungsbogen (WEB) bei 502 Patientinnen und Patienten in teil- oder vollstationärer psychotherapeutischer Behandlung erhoben. Die Faktorenstruktur des WEB wurde anhand einer explorativen Faktorenanalyse ermittelt und mit konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen geprüft.
Ergebnisse Die vier Faktoren Bewältigung, Therapeutische Allianz, Kognitive Integration und Affektive Verarbeitung erklärten 59,8 % der Gesamtvarianz. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen der teil- und vollstationären Stichproben unterstützten diese Faktorenstruktur.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie bietet die erste empirisch fundierte, integrative Kategorisierung allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren. Ergebnisse der internen Konsistenz (Reliabilität) und Konstruktvalidität des WEB liefern Hinweise dafür, dass dieses Instrument für die Untersuchung globaler allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren geeignet ist.
Fallvorstellung zur Behandlung innerer Unruhe mit Biofeedback und Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Schmid Petra , Steinert Tilman , Czekaj Agata , Uhlmann Carmen 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Innere Unruhe ist ein im psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen klinischen Alltag häufig benanntes Symptom, unter dem Patient*innen mit unterschiedlichsten psychischen Erkrankungen leiden.
Material und Methoden Ein Patient mit einer schweren depressiven Episode wurde mit insgesamt 8 Biofeedbacksitzungen mit dem physiologischen Parameter Herzratenvariabilität und 3 verhaltenstherapeutischen Sitzungen behandelt. Mittels Fragebögen wurde versucht, das Symptom der inneren Unruhe und einen möglichen Therapieerfolg zu erfassen.
Ergebnisse Innere Unruhe, Entspannungsfähigkeit, Erleben von Krankheitslast und Selbstwirksamkeit verbesserten sich deutlich über die 3-wöchige Behandlungsdauer.
Diskussion Innere Unruhe konnte überraschend erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Behandlung innerer Unruhe sollte mehr Bedeutung beigemessen werden.