bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrapulsed CO2 Resurfacing of Photodamaged Facial Skin in Vegan and Omnivore Patients: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Fusano Marta , Bencini Pier Luca , Fusano Isabella , Bencini Matelda , Zane Cristina , Zerbinati Nicola , Galimberti Michela Gianna 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesSkin photoaging is related to extrinsic environmental exposures, mainly represented by ultraviolet radiation. One of the treatment options is laser resurfacing. As nutritional status is involved in cutaneous photodamage, we evaluated whether dietary patterns can also influence the response to facial resurfacing. Our prospective multicentric study involves three dermatologic centers specialized in laser therapy in northern Italy. The study aims to compare the outcome of a CO2 ablative laser therapy between omnivore and vegan patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifty‐three omnivore and fifty‐three vegan women undergoing ultrapulsed CO2 resurfacing for photodamaged facial skin were enrolled in this study. Clinical improvement was evaluated 3 and 6 months after the treatment using the modified Dover score.ResultsAfter laser treatment, vegans showed slower complete re‐epithelialization (P < 0.001*) and disappearance of the erythema (P < 0.001*). After 3 and 6 months, vegans showed worse outcomes in terms of fine lines (P < 0.001* and P < 0.001*, respectively) and tactile roughness (P = 0.003* and ​​​​P = 0.002*, respectively) compared with omnivores, while they did not differ in mottled pigmentation.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that diet influences the clinical outcome of fractioned CO2 laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pregnancy Outcomes After Living Liver Donation: A Multi‐Institutional Study
Authors: Sonnenberg Elizabeth M. , Lee‐Riddle Grace S. , Walls David O. , Caicedo Juan C. , Jackson Whitney E. , Hughes Lisa , Ladner Daniela P. , Liapakis AnnMarie , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Sarkar Monika , Selzner Nazia , Torres Ana Marie , Abt Peter L. , Olthoff Kim M. 
Published: May 2021

Nearly half of living liver donors in North America are women of child‐bearing age. Fetal and maternal outcomes after donation are unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of female living liver donors (aged 18‐50 years at donation) from 6 transplant centers. Participants were surveyed about their pregnancies and fertility. Outcomes were compared between predonation and postdonation pregnancies. Generalized estimating equations were clustered on donor and adjusted for age at pregnancy, parity, and pregnancy year. Among the 276 donors surveyed, 151 donors responded (54.7% response rate) and reported 313 pregnancies; 168/199 (68.8%) of the predonation pregnancies and 82/114 (71.9%) of the postdonation pregnancies resulted in live births, whereas 16.6% and 24.6% resulted in miscarriage, respectively. Women with postdonation pregnancies were older (32.0 versus 26.7 years; P < 0.001) and more frequently reported abnormal liver enzymes during pregnancy (3.5% versus 0.0%; P = 0.02) and delivery via cesarean delivery (35.4% versus 19.7%; P = 0.01). On adjusted analysis, there was no difference in cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.98‐6.08), miscarriage (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.78‐3.24), combined endpoints of pregnancy‐induced hypertension and preeclampsia (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.36‐4.49), or intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.19‐4.3). Of the 49 women who attempted pregnancy after donation, 11 (22.5%) self‐reported infertility; however, 8/11 (72.7%) eventually had live births. Aside from increased reporting of abnormal liver enzymes and cesarean deliveries, there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes before and after living liver donation. One‐fifth of women who attempt pregnancy after liver donation reported infertility, and although the majority went on to successful live births, further exploration is needed to understand the contributing factors. Future research should continue to monitor this patient‐centered outcome across a large cohort of donors.
Chemistry and physics of dopants embedded in helium droplets
Authors: Albertini Simon , Gruber Elisabeth , Zappa Fabio , Krasnokutski Serge , Laimer Felix , Scheier Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHelium droplets represent a cold inert matrix, free of walls with outstanding properties to grow complexes and clusters at conditions that are perfect to simulate cold and dense regions of the interstellar medium. At sub‐Kelvin temperatures, barrierless reactions triggered by radicals or ions have been observed and studied by optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The present review summarizes developments of experimental techniques and methods and recent results they enabled.
Technical Note: SpekPy v2.0—a software toolkit for modeling x‐ray tube spectra
Authors: Poludniowski Gavin , Omar Artur , Bujila Robert , Andreo Pedro 
Published: May 2021

PurposeSpekPy is a free toolkit for modeling x‐ray tube spectra with the Python programming language. In this article, the advances in version 2.0 (v2) of the software are described, including additional target materials and more accurate modeling of the heel effect. Use of the toolkit is also demonstrated.MethodsThe predictions of SpekPy are illustrated in comparison to experimentally determined spectra: three radiation quality reference (RQR) series tungsten spectra and one mammography spectrum with a molybdenum target. The capability of the software to correctly model changes in tube output with tube potential is also assessed, using the example of a GE RevolutionTM CT scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) and specifications in the system's Technical Reference Manual. Furthermore, we note that there are several physics models available in SpekPy. These are compared on and off the central axis, to illustrate the differences.ResultsSpekPy agrees closely with the experimental spectra over a wide range of tube potentials, both visually and in terms of first and second half‐value layers (HVLs) (within 2% here). The CT scanner spectrum output (normalized to 120 kV tube potential) agreed within 4% over the range of 70 to 140 kV. The default physics model (casim) is adequate in most situations. The advanced option (kqp) should be used if high accuracy is desired for modeling the anode heel effect, as it fully includes the effects of bremsstrahlung anisotropy.ConclusionsSpekPy v2 can reliably predict on‐ and off‐axis spectra for tungsten and molybdenum targets. SpekPy's open‐source MIT license allows users the freedom to incorporate this powerful toolkit into their own projects.
Self‐supervised learning for accelerated 3D high‐resolution ultrasound imaging
Authors: Dai Xianjin , Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Axente Marian , Xu Dong , Patel Pretesh , Jani Ashesh B. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2021

PurposeUltrasound (US) imaging has been widely used in diagnosis, image‐guided intervention, and therapy, where high‐quality three‐dimensional (3D) images are highly desired from sparsely acquired two‐dimensional (2D) images. This study aims to develop a deep learning‐based algorithm to reconstruct high‐resolution (HR) 3D US images only reliant on the acquired sparsely distributed 2D images.MethodsWe propose a self‐supervised learning framework using cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN), where two independent cycleGAN models are trained with paired original US images and two sets of low‐resolution (LR) US images, respectively. The two sets of LR US images are obtained through down‐sampling the original US images along the two axes, respectively. In US imaging, in‐plane spatial resolution is generally much higher than through‐plane resolution. By learning the mapping from down‐sampled in‐plane LR images to original HR US images, cycleGAN can generate through‐plane HR images from original sparely distributed 2D images. Finally, HR 3D US images are reconstructed by combining the generated 2D images from the two cycleGAN models.ResultsThe proposed method was assessed on two different datasets. One is automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) images from 70 breast cancer patients, the other is collected from 45 prostate cancer patients. By applying a spatial resolution enhancement factor of 3 to the breast cases, our proposed method achieved the mean absolute error (MAE) value of 0.90 ± 0.15, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) value of 37.88 ± 0.88 dB, and the visual information fidelity (VIF) value of 0.69 ± 0.01, which significantly outperforms bicubic interpolation. Similar performances have been achieved using the enhancement factor of 5 in these breast cases and using the enhancement factors of 5 and 10 in the prostate cases.ConclusionsWe have proposed and investigated a new deep learning‐based algorithm for reconstructing HR 3D US images from sparely acquired 2D images. Significant improvement on through‐plane resolution has been achieved by only using the acquired 2D images without any external atlas images. Its self‐supervision capability could accelerate HR US imaging.
Asymmetric susceptibility tensor imaging
Authors: Cao Steven , Wei Hongjiang , Chen Jingjia , Liu Chunlei 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo investigate the symmetry constraint in susceptibility tensor imaging.TheoryThe linear relationship between the MRI frequency shift and the magnetic susceptibility tensor is derived without constraining the tensor to be symmetric. In the asymmetric case, the system matrix is shown to be maximally rank 6. Nonetheless, relaxing the symmetry constraint may still improve tensor estimation because noise and image artifacts do not necessarily follow the constraint.MethodsGradient echo phase data are obtained from postmortem mouse brain and kidney samples. Both symmetric and asymmetric tensor reconstructions are applied to the data. The reconstructions are then used for susceptibility tensor imaging fiber tracking. Simulations with ground truth and at various noise levels are also performed. The reconstruction methods are compared qualitatively and quantitatively.ResultsCompared to regularized and unregularized symmetric reconstructions, the asymmetric reconstruction shows reduced noise and streaking artifacts, better contrast, and more complete fiber tracking. In simulation, the asymmetric reconstruction achieves better mean squared error and better angular difference in the presence of noise. Decomposing the asymmetric tensor into its symmetric and antisymmetric components confirms that the underlying susceptibility tensor is symmetric and that the main sources of asymmetry are noise and streaking artifacts.ConclusionWhereas the susceptibility tensor is symmetric, asymmetric reconstruction is more effective in suppressing noise and artifacts, resulting in more accurate estimation of the susceptibility tensor.
Impact of prostatic radiation therapy on bladder contractility and innervation
Authors: Turner Alexander C. , Powers Shelby A. , Odom Michael R. , Pak Elena S. , Ashcraft Kathleen A. , Koontz Bridget F. , Hannan Johanna L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the effect of prostatic radiation therapy (RT) on bladder contractility and morphology, and axon, or neuron profiles within the detrusor and major pelvic ganglia (MPG) in male rats.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats (8 weeks) received a single dose of prostatic RT (0 or 22 Gy). Bladders and MPG were collected 2‐ and 10‐weeks post‐RT. Detrusor contractile responses to carbachol and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were measured. Bladders were stained with Masson's trichrome, and antibodies for nonspecific neuronal marker, cholinergic nerve marker choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and alpha‐smooth muscle actin. MPG gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (Uchl1) and Chat.ResultsAt 2 weeks post‐RT, bladder smooth muscle, detrusor cholinergic axon profiles, and MPG Chat gene expression were increased (p < .05), while carbachol and EFS‐mediated contractions were decreased (p < .05). In contrast, at 10 weeks post‐RT, nerve‐mediated contractions were increased compared with control (p < .05), while bladder smooth muscle, detrusor cholinergic axon profiles, MPG Chat expression, and carbachol contractions had normalized. At both 2‐ and 10‐weeks post‐RT, there was no change in detrusor nonspecific axon profiles and MPG Uchl1 expression.ConclusionIn a rat model, RT of the prostate and MPG was associated with early changes in MPG Chat gene expression, and bladder cholinergic axon profiles and smooth muscle content which resolved over time. After RT recovery, bladder contractility decreased early and increased by 10 weeks. Long‐term changes to the MPG and increased bladder cholinergic axons may contribute to RT‐induced bladder dysfunction in prostate cancer survivors.
Injectable opioid agonist treatment: An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Haines Marlene , O'Byrne Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCanada is currently in the midst of an overdose crisis. With new and innovative approaches desperately needed, injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) should be considered as an integral treatment option to prevent even more fatalities. These programs provide injectable diacetylmorphine or hydromorphone to clients with severe opioid use disorders. Currently, they remain an under‐executed and under‐studied treatment modality. To better understand why this may be, we performed an evolutionary concept analysis as described by Rodgers. The attributes, antecedents, consequences, and surrogate terms of iOAT were unpacked and explored. Further, four themes were identified within the literature: (1) physical and mental health, (2) illicit drug use, (3) criminal behavior, and (4) ethical considerations. Recommendations surrounding the need for additional studies that focus on the perspectives of people who use opioids (PWUO), the necessity of nursing advocacy in iOAT, and the consideration of a changing illicit drug supply were explored. Further, theoretical analysis coupled with direct input from PWUO was discussed as a necessity to move forward with iOAT.
Designing an optimal control strategy for a mobile manipulator and its application by considering the effect of uncertainties and wheel slipping
Authors: Habibnejad Korayem Moharam , Ghobadi Narges , Fathollahi Dehkordi Siavash 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to develop the dynamic model of a mobile robot for controlling purposes while the effects of uncertainties and longitudinal and lateral slip are assumed. The rise in the number of state variables and considering the effects of nonlinear parameters due to slip modeling can complicate the control procedure of wheeled mobile manipulators. In addition, the existence of uncertainties as well as holonomic and nonholonomic constraints would increase this complexity even more. On the one side, as wheels are considered to slip, unwanted movements due to slippage affect the movement of the manipulator and the manipulator may not be able to track the desired path. On the other side, the movement of weighted links of the manipulator constantly changes the normal forces of the wheels. As traction forces are dependent on these normal forces, the path tracked by the platform would be affected. Given these conditions, employing a robust control methodology and developing an optimal algorithm to reduce the effects of uncertainties and wheels slip seems mandatory. To this aim, a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is formulated in this study. Furthermore, the suggested algorithm is optimized using a state‐dependent Riccati equation to reduce the consumed torque and increase the accuracy of the system. Simulations are conducted, and the presented algorithm is also checked with the experimental setup of a Scout robot. Simulation results show that the optimal sliding mode control (OSMC) successfully decreases sudden jumps due to slippage in the system. In addition, the consumed power of wheels and arm for SMC decreases from 9.15 and 1.02 N·m to, respectively, 1.46 and 0.54 N·m for OSMC.
The value and limitations of local ecological knowledge: Longitudinal and retrospective assessment of flagship species in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
Authors: Bessesen Brooke L. , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities and climate change are affecting marine ecosystems world‐wide, but systematic biodiversity assessments through periodic biomonitoring can be challenging and costly. Local ecological knowledge (LEK), obtained from experienced residents, can complement other approaches and provide improved understanding of the conservation status of marine areas. Here we explore the value and limitations of LEK to assess the status of several flagship species of tourism interest: cetaceans, sea turtles, whale sharks and sea snakes in a unique tropical fiord and biodiversity hotspot, Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica.

We analysed the interviews conducted with fishermen and tour boat guides in 2010 and 2020 and compared their responses to biomonitoring data obtained through boat‐based sighting surveys during the same two time periods. Our questionnaire asked for the estimates of sighting frequencies in both years, and in 2020 it also inquired about perceived changes over the time gap.

A key limitation was that many interviewees from 2010 could not be relocated in 2020, though 13 repeat participants served as a panel. Their responses suggest shifts in abundance that vary across taxa. For example, changes in reported sighting frequencies from 2010 to 2020 indicate a possible decline in whales but an increase in sea snakes. Those changes were also reflected in our biomonitoring data, suggesting respondents were fairly accurate in their reports of current abundance. However, when asked about perceived changes over the decade we found their answers were not consistent with changes detected through their reported frequencies nor though biomonitoring.

Our results suggest LEK can be a good source of information for current assessment but highlight the potential biases of perceptions of change. Evaluating changes through LEK may best be done by obtaining interview data at multiple points in time and systematically assessing trends, though, notably, there can be challenges with acquiring consistent sample sizes. Interviews should not replace but can complement biomonitoring while also providing further value via community engagement and as an avenue to gain insights into local opinions regarding conservation measures.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with different structures on dielectric and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Qin Jianyu , Zhao Hanpeng , Qin Zhaolu , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Rongjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a hybrid material composed of an organic substituent shell and inorganic skeleton core. To study the influence of different shells and cage‐shaped cores on dielectric and mechanical properties, four kinds of epoxy resin composites (EPs) fabricated with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), DOPO‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPOPOSS), octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OPS), and epoxy phenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (EPOSS) with the addition of 5 and 10 wt% were prepared, respectively. The dispersion, transparency, glass transition, dielectric, mechanical tensile, flexural, and impact properties of these epoxy resins were studied. Dielectric constant and loss of EPs were significantly reduced through introduction of three POSSs owing to their inherent hollow cores, and dielectric constant of the resins was further decreased with additional increase. Compared with three POSSs, DOPOPOSS had the best compatible shell, and its composites exhibited favorable transparency similar to pure EP and the obvious reduction in dielectric constant and loss, due to its nano‐dispersion in matrix. EPOSS was dispersed in a perfect spherical shape and uniformly embedded in matrix, and the composites showed good mechanical tensile, flexural, and impact strength. OPS was disorderly dispersed in resins, but its eight phenyl rings symmetrical shell had the advantage of nonpolar molecule structure, which endowed epoxy resin lower dielectric loss over the high‐frequency range (105–106 Hz). Compared with DOPOPOSS, DOPO was effective in reducing dielectric constant and loss of epoxy resin due to its reactive addition, however, it decreased the glass transition temperature, mechanical tensile, flexural, and impact strength of epoxy resin either.
The Puzzle of Global Double Field Theory: Open Problems and the Case for a Higher Kaluza‐Klein Perspective
Authors: Alfonsi Luigi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe history of the geometry of Double Field Theory is the history of string theorists' effort to tame higher geometric structures. In this spirit, the first part of this paper will contain a brief overview on the literature of geometry of DFT, focusing on the attempts of a global description.In [1] we proposed that the global doubled space is not a manifold, but the total space of a bundle gerbe. This would mean that DFT is a field theory on a bundle gerbe, in analogy with ordinary Kaluza‐Klein Theory being a field theory on a principal bundle.In this paper we make the original construction by [1] significantly more immediate. This is achieved by introducing an atlas for the bundle gerbe. This atlas is naturally equipped with 2d‐dimensional local charts, where d is the dimension of physical spacetime. We argue that the local charts of this atlas should be identified with the usual coordinate description of DFT.In the last part we will discuss aspects of the global geometry of tensor hierarchies in this bundle gerbe picture. This allows to identify their global non‐geometric properties and explain how the picture of non‐abelian String‐bundles emerges. We interpret the abelian T‐fold and the Poisson‐Lie T‐fold as global tensor hierarchies.
Integrability Ex Machina
Authors: Krippendorf Sven , Lüst Dieter , Syvaeri Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetermining whether a dynamical system is integrable is generally a difficult task which is currently done on a case by case basis requiring large human input. Here we propose and test an automated method to search for the existence of relevant structures, the Lax pair and Lax connection respectively. By formulating this search as an optimization problem, we are able to identify appropriate structures via machine learning techniques. We test our method on standard systems of classical integrability and find that we can single out some integrable deformations of a system. Due to the ambiguity in defining a Lax pair our algorithm identifies novel Lax pairs which can be easily verified analytically.
A hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for process monitoring: Discussion
Authors: Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Shongwe Sandile Charles , Adeoti Olatunde Adebayo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of a monitoring scheme depends on many factors including the variance of the charting statistic which is very important in the computation of the control limits. This paper discusses the computation of the variance of the recently proposed hybrid homogeneously weighted moving average (HHWMA) scheme which was based on an incorrect assumption. The correct variance is used to evaluate the run‐length characteristics of the HHWMA scheme. It is observed that the incorrect variance has a significant impact on the sensitivity (or performance) of the HHWMA scheme.