bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical implications of probability discounting among individuals with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Chung Weilun , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Tsai I.-Ting , Hung Kuo-Chuan , Chiu Hsien-Jane , Tzang Ruu-Fen , Yeh Pin-Yang , Cheng Yu-Shian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe significance of probability discounting (PD) among individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) remains unclear. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases for English articles on Internet addiction that included comparison between individuals with and without IGD as well as probabilistic discounting task as the main outcome from January 1970 to July 2020 using the appropriate keyword strings. The primary outcome was the overall difference in rate of PD, while the secondary outcomes included the difference in PD with magnitude of probabilistic reward and response time of the PD task. Effect size (ES) was calculated through dividing the group means (e.g., h value or AUC) by the pooled standard deviations of the two groups. A total of five studies with 300 participants (i.e., IGD group, n = 150, mean age = 20.27 ± 2.68; healthy controls, n = 150, mean age = 20.70 ± 2.81) were analyzed. The IGD group was more willing to take risks in probabilistic gains but performances on probabilistic losses were similar between the two groups. The IGD group also exhibited a shorter response time (Hedge’s g = − 0.51; 95%CI = − 0.87 to − 0.15). Meta-regression demonstrated a positive correlation between maximum reward magnitude and PD rate (p < 0.04). However, significant publication bias was noted among the included studies (Egger’s test, p < 0.01). In conclusion, individuals with IGD seemed more impulsive in making risky decisions, especially when the potential gains were expected. Our findings not only supported the use of PD for assessing individuals with IGD but may also provide new insights into appropriate interventions.
Lab-scale design of two layers wood cellulose filter media to maximize life span for intake air filtration
Authors: Yang Qian , Zhao Guodong , Wu Yinglong , Zhang Bianzhi , Hu Jianquan , Hui Lanfeng , Liu Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe requirement of continuous and stringent growth on filtration performance, including longer life span, higher overall efficiency, lower initial pressure drop and more cost effective, has still drove filter media manufactures to research and develop. One of the possible way to achieve these challenges, was to utilize a dual-channel head-box with two sets of pulp conveying system, which can produce filter media with bulky and gradient properties. In this study, three kinds of commercial cellulose were chosen to make two layers filtration media, analyzed the effect of fiber blend on physical properties and filtration performance. By fine-tune the slurry ratio of top layer, we made one single layer and two layers composition filter media, the thickness and air permeability of composition media were higher than single layer media. According to ISO 5011, filtration performance test has been done to compare single layer media with composition media, this composition gradient profiles that provided the life span 37.0% improvement to the terminal pressure drop during dust injecting, and the dust hold capacity improved 34.7%, the main contributor of dust hold capacity was decided by top layer, however, the overall efficiency was depended on wire side layer.
Risk factors associated with surgical intervention in childhood pleural tuberculosis
Authors: Zhou Ming , Ren Shi-Feng , Gong Huai-Zheng , Wang Mao-Shui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurgical intervention use is common in the management of childhood pleural tuberculosis (TB), however, its associated risk factors remain unclear. Between January 2006 and December 2019, consecutive children patients (≤ 15 years old) who had a diagnosis of pleural TB were included for the analysis. Surgical intervention was defined as debridement (such as breaking loculations), decortication, and thoracic surgery (such as lobectomy or segmental resection). Patients undergoing surgery were included as surgical group, without surgery were classified as non-surgical group, surgical risk factors were then estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors for surgical interventions. A total of 154 children diagnosed as pleural TB (definite, 123 cases; possible, 31 cases) were included in our study. Of them, 29 patients (18.8%) were classified as surgical group and 125 patients (81.2%) were classified as non-surgical group. Surgical treatments were analyzed in 29 (18.8%) patients, including debridement (n = 4), decortication (n = 21), and thoracic surgery (n = 4). Further multivariate analysis revealed that empyema (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 27.3, 95% CI 8.6, 87.1; P < 0.001) and frequency of hospitalization (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.11, 2.11; P < 0.01) were associated with the use of surgical interventions in children with pleural TB. In China, surgical interventions are still required in a significant proportion of children with pleural TB, and the surgical risk is found to be associated with the frequency of hospitalization and empyema. These findings may be helpful to improve the management of children with pleural TB and minimize the risk of poor outcomes.
Clinical progression and outcomes of 260 patients with severe COVID-19: an observational study
Authors: Wang Junjuan , Zheng Xulei , Chen Jianbin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an observational, prospective study of the clinical progression and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19. Overall, 260 patients with severe COVID-19 were included. The median age of the patients was 61 years (IQR 42.0–73.0), and 119 (45.8%) patients had one or more medical comorbidities. The median time from initial onset of symptoms to hospital admission was 8 days (IQR 6.0–11.0). Varying degrees of abnormalities in blood biochemical results were detected in most patients. All patients received supportive therapy and antiviral treatment. All patients were administered empirical antibiotic treatment with a median time of 5 days (IQR 3–7). Mechanical ventilation was required in accordance with respiratory conditions. At the data cutoff, 183 (70.4%) patients had been discharged, and 17 (6.5%) patients had been transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Twenty-five (9.6%) patients had died, and 35 (13.5%) patients were still in the hospital. During follow-up, 7 patients with fever were negative for SARS-Cov-2 antigens upon retest. The implications of the results are discussed for clinical features and the management of patients with severe COVID-19.
Ice dynamics will remain a primary driver of Greenland ice sheet mass loss over the next century
Authors: Choi Youngmin , Morlighem Mathieu , Rignot Eric , Wood Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet is nearly equally partitioned between a decrease in surface mass balance from enhanced surface melt and an increase in ice dynamics from the acceleration and retreat of its marine-terminating glaciers. Much uncertainty remains in the future mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet due to the challenges of capturing the ice dynamic response to climate change in numerical models. Here, we estimate the sea level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet over the 21st century using an ice-sheet wide, high-resolution, ice-ocean numerical model that includes surface mass balance forcing, thermal forcing from the ocean, and iceberg calving dynamics. The model is calibrated with ice front observations from the past eleven years to capture the recent evolution of marine-terminating glaciers. Under a business as usual scenario, we find that northwest and central west Greenland glaciers will contribute more mass loss than other regions due to ice front retreat and ice flow acceleration. By the end of century, ice discharge from marine-terminating glaciers will contribute 50 ± 20% of the total mass loss, or twice as much as previously estimated although the contribution from the surface mass balance increases towards the end of the century.
Rotational spectroscopic study and astronomical search for propiolamide in Sgr B2(N)
Authors: Alonso E. R. , Kolesniková L. , Belloche A. , Mata S. , Garrod R. T. , Jabri A. , León I. , Guillemin J.-C. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. , Alonso J. L. 
Published: February 2021

Context. For all the amides detected in the interstellar medium (ISM), the corresponding nitriles or isonitriles have also been detected in the ISM, some of which have relatively high abundances. Among the abundant nitriles for which the corresponding amide has not yet been detected is cyanoacetylene (HCCCN), whose amide counterpart is propiolamide (HCCC(O)NH2).
Aims. With the aim of supporting searches for this amide in the ISM, we provide a complete rotational study of propiolamide from 6 to 440 GHz.
Methods. Time-domain Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy under supersonic expansion conditions between 6 and 18 GHz was used to accurately measure and analyze ground-state rotational transitions with resolved hyperfine structure arising from nuclear quadrupole coupling interactions of the 14N nucleus. We combined this technique with the frequency-domain room-temperature millimeter wave and submillimeter wave spectroscopies from 75 to 440 GHz in order to record and assign the rotational spectra in the ground state and in the low-lying excited vibrational states. We used the ReMoCA spectral line survey performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array toward the star-forming region Sgr B2(N) to search for propiolamide.
Results. We identified and measured more than 5500 distinct frequency lines of propiolamide in the laboratory. These lines were fitted using an effective semi-rigid rotor Hamiltonian with nuclear quadrupole coupling interactions taken into consideration. We obtained accurate sets of spectroscopic parameters for the ground state and the three low-lying excited vibrational states. We report the nondetection of propiolamide toward the hot cores Sgr B2(N1S) and Sgr B2(N2). We find that propiolamide is at least 50 and 13 times less abundant than acetamide in Sgr B2(N1S) and Sgr B2(N2), respectively, indicating that the abundance difference between both amides is more pronounced by at least a factor of 8 and 2, respectively, than for their corresponding nitriles.
Conclusions. Although propiolamide has yet to be included in astrochemical modeling networks, the observed upper limit to the ratio of propiolamide to acetamide seems consistent with the ratios of related species as determined from past simulations. The comprehensive spectroscopic data presented in this paper will aid future astronomical searches.
Regularizing effect of the interplay between coefficients in Dirichlet problems with convection or drift terms
Authors: Boccardo Lucio 
Published: February 2021

There are very important results by Enrique Zuazua on the subject of the convection-diffusion equation

ut−div(a(x)∇u)=−d⋅∇(|u|q−1u), in (0,+∞) × ℝN.

In some sense this paper deals with a linear (i.e. q = 1) elliptic counterpart of the above equation if d is not constant.
We prove regularizing results on the solutions, under assumptions of interplay between the datum and the coefficient of the zero order term or between the modulus of the drift and the coefficient of the zero order term.
Eine Alternative zur klassischen Testtheorie? – Eine exemplarische Anwendung der Generalisierbarkeitstheorie auf der Basis von Sekundärdaten
Authors: Sterkele Iris , Pfister Pierrette Baschung , Knols Ruud , de Bruin Eling D 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Messungen bilden die Grundlage des wissenschaftsbasierten therapeutischen Vorgehens. Messfehler sind jedoch ein verbreitetes Problem. Um Fehlerquellen zu ermitteln, sind erweiterte statistische Modelle notwendig. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen Testtheorie ermöglicht die Generalisierbarkeitstheorie, mehrere Fehlerquellen gleichzeitig zu untersuchen.
Ziel Vergleich der klassischen Testtheorie und der Generalisierbarkeitstheorie anhand eines physiotherapeutischen Beispiels zur Reliabilitätsermittlung und deren Ergebnisse.
Methode Die Messeigenschaft „Reliabilität“ wurde anhand von Daten einer vorangegangenen Reliabilitätsstudie, in der die klassische Testtheorie zum Einsatz kam, untersucht. Dazu wurde exemplarisch eine Generalisierbarkeitsstudie durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die Variabilität ging hauptsächlich von den Probanden und der Probanden-Untersucher-Interaktion aus. Unabhängig von fixen oder zufälligen Facetten waren die Generalisierbarkeitskoeffizienten für alle Bedingungen (overall, inter-rater, intra-Messzeitpunkte) exzellent.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Generalisierbarkeitstheorie gegenüber der klassischen Testtheorie Vorteile hat. Diese ermöglicht es, einen wirkungsvollen und effizienten Einsatz von Messinstrumenten im klinischen Alltag zu ermitteln.
Clinical efficacy, timing, and outcomes of ERCP for management of bile duct leaks: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Desai Aakash , Twohig Patrick , Trujillo Sophie , Dalal Shaman , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Sandhu Dalbir S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can safely and effectively manage postsurgical or traumatic bile duct leaks (BDLs). Standardized guidelines are lacking regarding effective management of BDLs. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy, clinical outcomes, and complications of different ERCP techniques and intervention timing using a nationwide database.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the IBM Explorys database (1999–2019), a pooled, national, de-identified clinical database of over 64 million unique patients across the United States. ERCP timing after BDL was classified as emergent (< 1 day), urgent (1–3 days) or expectant (> 3 days). ERCP technique was classified into sphincterotomy, stent or combination therapy. ERCP complications were defined as pancreatitis, duodenal perforation, duodenal hemorrhage, and ascending cholangitis within 7 days of the procedure.
Results Expectant ERCP had a decreased risk of adverse events (AEs) compared to emergent and urgent ERCP (P = 0.004). Rehospitalization rates also were lower in expectant ERCP (P < 0.001). Patients with COPD were more likely to have an AE if the ERCP was performed emergently compared to expectantly (P = 0.002). Combination therapy had a lower rate of ERCP failure compared to placement of a biliary stent (P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in rates of ERCP failure between biliary stent and sphincterotomy (P = 0.06) or sphincterotomy and combination therapy (P = 0.74).
Conclusion Our study suggests that ERCP does not need to be performed emergently or urgently for management of BDLs. Combination therapy is superior to stenting but not sphincterotomy; however, future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
EUS-guided placement of fiducial markers for stereotactic body radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer: feasibility, security and a new quality score
Authors: Van Laethem Jean-Luc , Eisendrath Pierre , Figueiredo Mariana , Bouchart Christelle , Moretti Luigi , Mans Laura , Engelholm Jean-Luc , Bali Maria-Antonietta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims In borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging neoadjuvant treatment option. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided insertion of fiducial markers being a prerequisite, our aim was to assess its feasibility and safety and also to evaluate its success, from both the endoscopist’s and radiotherapist’s perspectives.
Patients and methods We prospectively collected data concerning PDAC patients submitted to EUS-guided fiducial placement, from February 2018 to November 2019. Technical success was defined as at least one marker presumed inside the tumor. Quality success was assessed at pre-SBRT computed tomography, accordingly to the number of markers inside or < 1 cm from the tumor, number of markers at the tumor extremity, their location in different planes, the distance between them, and their distance from the biliary stent (if present). A new quality score was then proposed and high-quality success defined as at least six of 12 points.
Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. A total of 97 fiducials were implanted, with a median of three fiducials per patient (0–4). The technical success rate was 92 %, with failure of fiducial placement in three patients. Three patients (8 %) had adverse events (fever, mild acute pancreatitis, and biliary stent migration). At pre-SBRT evaluation, two patients’ markers had migrated. The high-quality success rate was 62.5 %.
Conclusions Our results contribute to demonstrating the feasibility and safety of EUS-guided fiducial placement for SBRT treatment in PDAC. It is hoped that the newly proposed quality score will pave the way for improving fiducial positioning and SBRT delivery.
Diagnostic ability of Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification for colorectal lesions by magnifying endoscopy with blue laser imaging versus narrow-band imaging
Authors: Ito Renma , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Murano Tatsuro , Shinmura Kensuke , Kojima Motohiro , Kumahara Kana , Furue Yasuaki , Sunakawa Hironori , Minamide Tatsunori , Sato Daiki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Takashima Kenji , Yoda Yusuke , Hori Keisuke , Yano Tomonori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims The Japan Narrow-band imaging (NBI) Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed for evaluating colorectal lesions. However, it remains unknown whether the JNET classification can be applied to magnifying endoscopy with image-enhanced endoscopies other than NBI. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic ability of JNET classification by magnifying endoscopy with blue laser imaging (ME-BLI) and with ME-NBI.Patients and methods We retrospectively assessed consecutive patients diagnosed per the JNET classification by ME-BLI (BLI group) or ME-NBI (NBI group) between March 2014 and June 2017. We compared the diagnostic value of JNET classification between the groups with one-to-one propensity score matching.Results Four hundred and seventy-one propensity score-matched pairs of lesions were analyzed. In the BLI and NBI groups, the overall diagnostic accuracies were 92.1 % and 91.7 %, respectively, and those for differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps were 96.6 % and 96.8 %, respectively. The positive predictive value by each JNET classification in BLI vs. NBI group was 90.6 % vs. 96.2 % in Type 1, 94.3 % vs. 94.6 % in Type 2A, 57.7 % vs. 42.3 % in Type 2B, and 100 % vs. 91.7 % in Type 3. The negative predictive value was 97.0 % vs. 96.9 % in Type 1, 88.1 % vs. 82.8 % in Type 2A, 98.0 % vs. 98.2 % in Type 2B, and 98.5 % vs. 98.7 % in Type 3. No statistical difference in the diagnostic results was found between the groups.Conclusions The diagnostic ability of the JNET classification by ME-BLI and ME-NBI was comparable, with the former also applicable for diagnosis of colorectal lesions.
Amalgamation of cloud-based colonoscopy videos with patient-level metadata to facilitate large-scale machine learning
Authors: Keswani Rajesh N. , Byrd Daniel , Garcia Vicente Florencia , Heller J. Alex , Klug Matthew , Mazumder Nikhilesh R. , Wood Jordan , Yang Anthony D. , Etemadi Mozziyar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Storage of full-length endoscopic procedures is becoming increasingly popular. To facilitate large-scale machine learning (ML) focused on clinical outcomes, these videos must be merged with the patient-level data in the electronic health record (EHR). Our aim was to present a method of accurately linking patient-level EHR data with cloud stored colonoscopy videos.
Methods This study was conducted at a single academic medical center. Most procedure videos are automatically uploaded to the cloud server but are identified only by procedure time and procedure room. We developed and then tested an algorithm to match recorded videos with corresponding exams in the EHR based upon procedure time and room and subsequently extract frames of interest.
Results Among 28,611 total colonoscopies performed over the study period, 21,170 colonoscopy videos in 20,420 unique patients (54.2 % male, median age 58) were matched to EHR data. Of 100 randomly sampled videos, appropriate matching was manually confirmed in all. In total, these videos represented 489,721 minutes of colonoscopy performed by 50 endoscopists (median 214 colonoscopies per endoscopist). The most common procedure indications were polyp screening (47.3 %), surveillance (28.9 %) and inflammatory bowel disease (9.4 %). From these videos, we extracted procedure highlights (identified by image capture; mean 8.5 per colonoscopy) and surrounding frames.
Conclusions We report the successful merging of a large database of endoscopy videos stored with limited identifiers to rich patient-level data in a highly accurate manner. This technique facilitates the development of ML algorithms based upon relevant patient outcomes.