bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-OUT study protocol: COVID-19 outbreak investigation to understand workplace SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Atchison Christina , Atkinson Barry , Barber Chris , Bennett Allan , Brickley Elizabeth , Cooke Joan , Dabrera Gavin , Fishwick David , Fletcher Tony , Graham Alice , Higgins Hannah , Keen Chris , Morgan Derek , Noakes Catherine , Pearce Neil , Raja Amber , Sandys Vince , Stocks Jill , van Tongeren Martie , van Veldhoven Karin , Verma Arpana , Curran Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and protecting people from COVID-19 is the most significant public health challenge faced in recent years. COVID-19 outbreaks are occurring in workplaces and evidence is needed to support effective strategies to prevent and control these outbreaks. Investigations into these outbreaks are routinely undertaken by public health bodies and regulators in the United Kingdom (UK); however, such investigations are typically disparate in nature with a lack of consistency across all investigations, preventing meaningful analysis of the data collected. The COVID-OUT (COVID-19 Outbreak investigation to Understand Transmission) study aims to collect a consistent set of data in a systematic way from workplaces that are experiencing outbreaks, to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors, transmission routes, and the role they play in the COVID-19 outbreaks. Suitable outbreak sites are identified from public health bodies. Following employer consent to participate, the study will recruit workers from workplaces where there are active outbreaks. The study will utilise data already collected as part of routine public health outbreak investigations and collect additional data through a comprehensive questionnaire, viral and serologic testing of workers, surface sampling, viral genome sequencing, and an environmental assessment of building plans, ventilation and current control measures. At each site, a detailed investigation will be carried out to evaluate transmission routes. A case-control approach will be used to compare workers who have and have not had SARS-CoV-2 infections during the outbreak period to assess transmission risk factors. Data from different outbreaks will be combined for pooled analyses to identify common risk factors, as well as factors that differ between outbreaks. The COVID-OUT study can contribute to a better understanding of why COVID-19 outbreaks associated with workplaces occur and how to prevent these outbreaks from happening in the future.
Management of demographic equality of access to family intervention for psychosis in specialist community mental healthcare teams
Authors: Mankiewicz Pawel D , Reid Jordan , Hughes Eleanor Anne , Attard Angelica 
Published: August 2021

Background/AimsUK mental health services must provide evidence-based psychological treatments, including family intervention, to every service user diagnosed with psychosis. Although healthcare managers are required to ensure equitable delivery of prescribed core treatments, in practice equality of access remains debatable. This study investigates equality of access to family intervention for psychosis. Subsequent treatment uptake and engagement are also examined. The role of healthcare records in equality management is considered.MethodsRetrospective analysis of electronic medical records of 244 service users across four specialist early intervention teams in London in 2018 was undertaken using binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Bonferroni adjustment was applied to control for type 1 errors.ResultsParticipants were found to have equal access to the nationally endorsed treatment across all demographic variables. Likewise, treatment uptake and engagement were equally distributed.ConclusionsAn overall compliance with national policies was shown, demonstrating that equal provision of core treatment for psychosis is achievable. As discrepancies in record keeping were shown to impede the data extraction process, suggestions were made for the management of electronic medical records in mental healthcare services.
The impact of SMS reminders on adherence to medication and care plans after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Bikmoradi Ali , Omidvar Safoora , Roshanaei Ghodratollah , Khatiban Mahnaz 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims Coronary artery bypass graft surgery requires specialised long-term follow up, and non-adherence to a care plan may lead to complications. This study aimed to assess the effects of SMS reminders on adherence to medication and care plans among patients who had been discharged from hospital after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods A randomised controlled trial was performed in Iran, with eligible patients divided into an intervention (n=40) and a control (n=40) group. All participants completed a questionnaire measuring their adherence to their medication and care plan 1 day before discharge from the hospital. The intervention group received SMS reminders about their treatment plan plus routine care, while the control group received routine care only. The study lasted for 6 weeks. One week after the completion of the intervention period, both groups filled in the questionnaire again and the results were compared. Independent and paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of results. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups before the intervention. Compared to baseline, the intervention group had significantly improved adherence to their medication and care plans (P<0.001) after the intervention. These improvements were significantly greater than those seen in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions An SMS reminder is a useful and cost-effective way to improve adherence to medication and care plans among patients discharged from hospital after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, as part of follow-up care.
Evidence-based strategies to promote vaccine acceptance
Authors: While Alison 
Published: August 2021

Vaccine hesitancy can undermine a vaccination programme. Alison While looks at the strategies that can be used to promote vaccination uptake The success of a vaccination programme depends upon its coverage so that it provides herd immunity. Vaccine hesitancy has the potential to undermine a vaccine programme. Evidence suggests that some strategies are more effective in promoting vaccination uptake. Nurses should help in the promotion of vaccination uptake using evidence-based interventions and through ‘Making Every Contact Count’.
One-thousandth-level laser power stabilization based on optical feedback from a well-designed high-split-ratio and nonpolarized beam splitter
Authors: Jie Wang , Guangyao Huang , Guochao Wang , Yaning Wang , Mei Hu , Qixue Li , Lingxiao Zhu , Xinghui Li , Shuhua Yan , Jun Yang 
Published: August 2021

Laser power stabilization plays a significant role in atomic and molecular physics, quantum precision measurement, and optical sensing and measurement. In the classical method of using a feedback control loop to stabilize the laser power, the beam splitter is the conjunction element to connect the feedback beam inside the loop and the output beam outside the loop. The stability of its split ratio will directly affect the result of power stabilization, especially in demand of high split ratios for high-efficiency output. For the compatibility of a high split ratio and high stability in a power-stabilized system, we designed and manufactured a high-split-ratio nonpolarized plate beam splitter, whose split ratio was insensitive to variations of beam intensity, polarization, and ambient temperature. Based on the optical feedback of the designed beam splitter, the light intensity was closed-loop controlled by an acousto-optic modulator; finally, the power outside the loop was stabilized as well. The output power was stabilized at 537 mW and a 6 h long-term test was performed. The relative stability of laser power outside the loop in terms of root mean square and peak to peak was

2.72

×

10

−
4

and

1.60

×

10

−
3

, respectively. The relative Allan standard deviation reached

2.78

×

10

−
5

at an average time of 200 s. These results will greatly benefit many practical fields that require laser power stabilization with high split ratios and one-thousandth-level stability.
Multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on a pure fiber saturable absorber
Authors: Wu Qianchao , Chen Lifang , Wu Zheng , Yao Yong 
Published: August 2021

The graded index multimode-fiber step-index multimode fiber-graded index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF) structure was designed as a saturable absorber (SA). To obtain optical pulses that meet the requirements of different applications, the multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on GIMF-SIMF-GIMF SA were numerically and experimentally researched. The fiber laser can self-start mode-locking; its fundamental repetition rate of fiber laser is 10.35 MHz. The fiber laser can deliver three different optical pulses, namely, the conventional soliton, second-order bound state, and noise-like pulse. The duration of soliton is 421.2 fs; the energy of noise-like pulse is 197.10 pJ. The experimental and simulated results show that the output states of the fiber laser can be switched by adjusting the pump power.
Nanopatterning of silicon via the near-field enhancement effect upon double-pulse femtosecond laser exposure
Authors: Hong Quan , Zhang Jin , Wang Sumei , Chu Zhuyuan , Wang Mengmeng , Sun Jiaxin , Guo Qitong 
Published: August 2021

Utilizing the near-field enhancement effect of a polystyrene microsphere, direct ablation of nanohole arrays by a temporal-shaping femtosecond (fs) laser pulse is presented. The nanohole arrays, which are circular, regular, and free of cracks, were processed without extra post-processing, and their average diameter decreased gradually, as the double-pulse delay increased until 2500 fs. The simulated results by a plasma model and finite difference time domain solution demonstrate that the size decrease of the structure is attributed to the increase of the ablation threshold of silicon. Through fs laser near-field fabrication, the FWHM of nanoholes can be reduced to approximately 50 nm (

λ

/

16

) and even to 23 nm when using the second harmonic laser at a wavelength of 400 nm.
Whole brain and deep gray matter structure segmentation: Quantitative comparison between MPRAGE and MP2RAGE sequences
Authors: Droby Amgad , Thaler Avner , Giladi Nir , Hutchison R. Matthew , Mirelman Anat , Ben Bashat Dafna , Artzi Moran 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveT1-weighted MRI images are commonly used for volumetric assessment of brain structures. Magnetization prepared 2 rapid gradient echo (MP2RAGE) sequence offers superior gray (GM) and white matter (WM) contrast. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the agreement of whole brain tissue and deep GM (DGM) volumes obtained from MP2RAGE compared to the widely used MP-RAGE sequence.MethodsTwenty-nine healthy participants were included in this study. All subjects underwent a 3T MRI scan acquiring high-resolution 3D MP-RAGE and MP2RAGE images. Twelve participants were re-scanned after one year. The whole brain, as well as DGM segmentation, was performed using CAT12, volBrain, and FSL-FAST automatic segmentation tools based on the acquired images. Finally, contrast-to-noise ratio between WM and GM (CNRWG), the agreement between the obtained tissue volumes, as well as scan-rescan variability of both sequences were explored.ResultsSignificantly higher CNRWGwas detected in MP2RAGE vs. MP-RAGE (Mean ± SD = 0.97 ± 0.04vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 respectively;p<0.0001). Significantly higher total brain GM, and lower cerebrospinal fluid‏ volumes were obtained from MP2RAGE vs. MP-RAGE based on all segmentation methods (p<0.05 in all cases). Whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons revealed higher GM tissue probability in the thalamus, putamen, caudate, lingual gyrus, and precentral gyrus based on MP2RAGE compared with MP-RAGE. Moreover, significantly higher WM probability was observed in the cerebellum, corpus callosum, and frontal-and-temporal regions in MP2RAGE vs. MP-RAGE. Finally, MP2RAGE showed a higher mean percentage of change in total brain GM compared to MP-RAGE. On the other hand, MP-RAGE demonstrated a higher overtime percentage of change in WM and DGM volumes compared to MP2RAGE.ConclusionsDue to its higher CNR, MP2RAGE resulted in reproducible brain tissue segmentation, and thus is a recommended method for volumetric imaging biomarkers for the monitoring of neurological diseases.
Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Hua-Lan , Zou Li-Li , Chen Mao-bing , Wang Hua , Shen Wen-Ming , Zheng Qi-Han , Cui Wei-Yan 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects children’s quality of life and learning. The purpose of this research was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children.

Methods
The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to January 2021 exploring the use of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children. Strict screening and quality evaluations of the eligible articles were performed independently by 2 researchers. Outcome indexes were extracted, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and STATA 16 software. Finally, the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed with the RCT bias risk assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (5.1.0).

Results
A total of nine RCTs were included. In children, probiotics significantly reduced the abdominal pain score (I2 = 95%, SMD = -1.15, 95% (-2.05, -0.24), P = 0.01) and Subject’s Global Assessment of Relief (SGARC) score (I2 = 95%, MD = -3.84, 95% (-6.49, -1.20), P = 0.004), increased the rate of abdominal pain treatment success (I2 = 0%, RR = 3.44, 95% (1.73, 6.87), P = 0.0005) and abdominal pain relief (I2 = 40%, RR = 1.48, 95% (0.96, 2.28), P = 0.08), and reduced the frequency of abdominal pain (I2 = 2%, MD = -0.82, 95% (-1.57, -0.07), P = 0.03). However, we found that it might not be possible to relieve abdominal pain by increasing the daily intake of probiotics.

Conclusions
Probiotics are effective at treating abdominal pain caused by IBS in children, however, there was no significant correlation between abdominal pain and the amount of probiotics ingested. More attention should be given to IBS in children, and a standardized evaluation should be adopted.
Pharmacological treatments of Chinese herbal medicine for irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Yun-bo , Dai Yun-kai , Zhang Ling , Pan Huai-geng , Chen Wei-jing , Li Ru-liu , Hu Ling 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionPlenty of clinical studies have suggested the value of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but their efficacy and safety have not been systematically concluded yet. This article aimed to compare and rank the therapeutic effect and safety of CHM with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo in the treatment of IBS.MethodsRandomized controlled trials regarding CHM to treat IBS were searched in six databases from inception to Jan 31, 2020. A network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the data of included publications. The quality assessment was assessed by Cochrane Handbook and GRADEpro software. The risk ratio was calculated for dichotomous outcomes while the standardized mean difference was used for continuous variables with 95% credible intervals. A Funnel plot was performed to evaluate publication bias. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve was conducted to rank the included interventions. Data were analyzed with STATA 15.0 and Review Manager 5.3.Result3194 records were searched, and 28 eligible trials involving 3323 patients ere identified. Compared with conventional therapies and placebo, Jianpi-Chushi therapy showed significant improvement in adequate relief and IBS symptom severity scale; Shugan-Jianpi therapy showed the best efficacy in relieving the abdominal pain and abdominal distension; Wenshen-Jianpi therapy had a better effect on avoiding adverse effects and improving stool character.ConclusionThis study confirmed that CHM could be beneficial for patients with IBS in relieving their clinical symptoms and should be recommended as alternative therapies. The quality of evidence in this study based on the GRADE system was “low”.
The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chiu Huei-Ling , Yeh Ting-Ting , Lo Yun-Ting , Liang Pei-Jung , Lee Shu-Chun 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Falls are serious issues in older populations. Balance problems are a major cause of falls and may lead to fear of falling and decreased balance confidence. The Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) is an effective fall prevention program that benefits balance function and fear of falling. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the OEP intervention on actual balance performance (i.e., static, dynamic, proactive or reactive balance) and perceived balance ability (i.e., balance confidence or fear of falling) for older adults; the secondary aim was to examine which OEP protocol most improves balance in older adults.

Methods
A systematic electronic review search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the OEP on actual balance performance and perceived balance ability in healthy older adults, and examining which OEP training protocol and intervention format most improves balance.

Results
A total of 12 RCTs were included in the analyses. The OEP exerted significant effects on static balance (Hedges’s g = 0.388; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.131 to 0.645), dynamic balance (g = -0.228; 95% CI = -0.352 to -0.1.4), proactive balance (g = 0.239; 95% CI = 0.061 to 0.416) and perceived balance (g = -0.184; 95% CI = -0.320 to -0.048) in older adults. Subgroup analysis indicated that the group format for the OEP was more effective for improving static (p = 0.008), dynamic (p = 0.004) and perceived balance (p = 0.004) than was the individual format. Sessions of >30 minutes were more effective in improving static (p = 0.007) and perceived balance (p = 0.014) than were sessions of ≤30 minutes. However, the effects of the OEP on balance were unrelated to the types of control group, training frequency and training period.

Discussion
The OEP is helpful for improving actual balance including static, dynamic, and proactive balance; enhancing confidence in balance control; and reducing fear of falling in older adults. In particular, administrating the OEP in a group setting in >30-minute sessions may be the most appropriate and effective exercise protocol for improving balance.
Diverse Representations to The Sum of Powers of Two as a Means For Enhancing Interest and Creative Thinking in Mathematics Study
Authors: Dagan Miriam , Satianov Pavel , Teicher Mina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present several different approaches to formula for the sum of integer powers of two in accordance with different representations of this sum or different algebraic methods for its computation. Our long-term experience shows the effectiveness of discussion on this theme for enhancing interest and creative thinking of the students about solutions of various problems, not only in mathematics but also in others fields of knowledge.
The crystal structure of 5-chloro-2-(quinolin-8-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, C17H9ClN2O2
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Yu , Feng Song-Hao , Wang Jing-Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C17H9ClN2O2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.8944(4) Å, b = 8.0678(5) Å, c = 12.6285(9) Å, α = 74.627(6)°, β = 78.654(5)°, γ = 63.569(5)°, V = 691.58(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0431, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1309, T = 293(2) K.
Application of common reflection surface (CRS) to velocity variation with azimuth (VVAz) inversion of the relatively narrow azimuth 3D seismic land data
Authors: Muhtar Lucky Kriski , Triyoso Wahyu , Fatkhan Fatkhan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The fracture direction and its intensity are critical properties related to hydrocarbon characterization and identification. Both these properties have an essential role in identifying the direction of hydrocarbon migration, determining the sweet spot area, and optimizing the drilling design. The velocity variation with azimuth (VVAz) is a well-known method to estimate the fracture direction and its intensity. This method is of widespread interest because it predicts the properties based on seismic data without any practical constraints. Despite this interest, the technique requires rich azimuth 3D seismic data in our case, which is rare. This study aims to apply regularization and interpolation by including the wave front attributes based on the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) method before the VVAz inversion. The motivation of using the CRS method is to enrich the current azimuth of the 3D seismic data and improve the S/N ratio. The synthetic and the real 3D seismic data are evaluated to examine the interpolation scheme of the proposed CRS method’s performance. Based on the evaluation of the 3D seismic data after regularization, the amplitude versus offset (AVO) phenomena, and the VVAz inversion results are relatively consistent (or matched) with the model. A similar result is found for the case of real 3D seismic data. A significant positive correlation between the fracture intensity of FMI and the real seismic data of about 0.9 is obtained. Therefore, CRS can be used as a regularization and interpolation method before the VVAz inversion of the relatively narrow azimuth 3D seismic data.
An Ethnographic Exploration of Son Preference and Inheritance Practices in Montenegro
Authors: Kiščenko Diāna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Montenegro is one of the 10 countries in the world with the most imbalanced sex ratio at birth, pointing to the existence of son preference in Montenegrin society. While, over the last decade, international and local organizations have raised awareness of this issue, empirical studies about this phenomenon in Montenegro are scarce. The author conducts an ethnographic exploration into women’s experience of son preference in central Montenegro by presenting their personal and intimate perspective. The resulting paper suggests that son preference is shaped by and manifests through the inheritance practice of property being passed on to the male heir. Through her analysis, the author demonstrates how ideas about gender roles, family planning, housing and inheritance strategies swing back and forth between ‘traditional’ and ‘modern,’ ‘backward’ and ‘progressive.’
Three metal(II) complexes constructed using the 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline ligand
Authors: Sahki Feriel Aouatef , Bouchouit Mehdi , Bouacida Sofiane , Messaadia Lyamine , Caytan Elsa , Chibani Aissa , Roisnel Thierry , Bouraiou Abdelmalek 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline (BQ) as ligand and three coordination compounds of formula {Zn(BQ)Cl2} (1), {Pb(BQ)Cl2}
n
(2) and {[Cu(BQ)2(OC(O)CH3)]OC(O)CH3 · CH3COOH} (3) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The complexes crystallize in triclinic space group

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

. In complexes 1 and 2, the coordination geometry is a distorted tetrahedral environment around the zinc center and a distorted sixfold coordination geometry around the lead center, respectively. In complex 3 the central Cu(II) center is in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry. The Cu(II) ion is surrounded by two bidentate 2-(2′-quinolyl)benzimidazole (BQ) ligands and one coordinated acetate molecule. One further acetate anion associated by a strong hydrogen bond with a molecule of acetic acid balances the charge of the compound.