bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Disease Presenting as Subretinal Pigment Epithelium Hyperreflective Lesion on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: Multimodal Imaging Features Multimodal imaging in Best disease
Authors: Muslubas Isil Sayman , Arf Serra , Hocaoglu Mumin , Ersoz M. Giray , Karacorlu Murat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo report clinical and multimodal imaging features of Best disease in patients presenting with subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsClinical examination findings and multimodal imaging features, including color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were evaluated retrospectively. ResultsWe assessed 27 eyes of 16 patients with the diagnosis of Best disease. Only patients presenting with serous macular detachment and subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion in one or both eyes were included in this study. In 17 of 27 eyes (63%), fibrosis was identified by multimodal imaging techniques. Although there was no sign of active neovascularization on fundus examination or SD-OCT, a vascular network could be identified in 7 eyes (26%) (in 1 eye with OCTA only and in 6 with both OCTA and ICGA). Active neovascularization was seen in 3 eyes (11%). Treatment was recommended for eyes with active neovascularization, and follow-up was scheduled for eyes with quiescent neovascularization and fibrosis.ConclusionEyes with Best disease with subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion and serous macular detachment may show fibrosis, quiescent neovascularization, or active neovascularization. Multimodal imaging techniques are very important for differentiation of these lesions.
Measuring The Tensile Strain of Wood By Visible And Near-Infrared Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Te Ma , Inagaki Tetsuya , Yoshida Masato , Ichino Mayumi , Tsuchikawa Satoru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wood has various mechanical properties, so stiffness evaluation is critical for quality management. Using conventional strain gauges constantly is high cost, also challenging to measure precious wood materials due to the use of strong adhesive. This study demonstrates the correlation between light scattering changes inside the wood cell walls and tensile strain. A multifiber-based visible-near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) system was designed to rapidly and conventiently acquire such light scattering changes. For the preliminary experiment, samples with different thicknesses were measured to evaluate the influence of thickness. The differences in Vis–NIR SRS spectral data diminish with an increase in sample thickness, which suggests that the SRS method can successfully measure the whole strain (i.e., surface and inside) of wood samples. Then, for the primary experiment, 18 wood samples with the same thickness (2 mm) were tested to construct a strain calibration model. The prediction accuracy was characterized by a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.86 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 297.89 με for five-fold cross-validation; for test validation, The prediction accuracy was characterized by an R2 of 0.82 and an RMSE of 345.44 με.
Identification of PRMT5 Inhibitors with Novel Scaffold Structures through Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Zhang Lun , Cao Chenxi , Jin Jia , Fan Yaohua , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Qian , Hu Haofeng , Ye Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Ye Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an important member in PRMT family, has been validated as a promising anticancer target. In this study, through the combination of virtual screening and biological experiments, we have identified two PRMT5 inhibitors with novel scaffold structures. Among them, compound Y2431 showed moderate activity with IC50 value of 10.09 μM and displayed good selectivity against other methyltransferases. The molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested that the compound occupied the substrate-arginine binding site. Furthermore, Y2431 exhibited anti-proliferative activity to leukemia cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. Overall, the hit compound could provide a novel scaffold for further optimization of small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitors.
Severe Hemolysis With Negative Direct Antiglobulin Test: A Case Report
Authors: Fard Mahin Behzadi , Arianezhad Ali , Bandehzadeh Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 49-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department. Her examination showed marked pallor, exhaustion, lethargy, yellowish eyes, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory analysis revealed: Hemoglobin (Hb) 4.8 g/dl, MCV 91fl, platelet count 233 × 106 /L, Total bilirubin 7.0 mg/dl, Glucose 316 mg/dl, hematuria and normal G6PD. Hemolytic panel was unswerving with hemolysis. IV fluids and 2 units of packed cell were transfused. Despite transfusion, during the first 4 days of hospitalization the hemolysis continued so that immune hemolysis was suspected in spite of negative coomb's test. After 3 weeks of the patient refer to the hospital, she was discharged home with stable vital signs and Hb10 g/dl. Blood transfusion along with corticosteroids, IVIG and rituximab saved the life of this patient. We concluded in cases that presented with a severe drop in hemoglobin, even if there is a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT) pay special attention to the immune mediated hemolysis and do not be misled with a negative coomb's test.
A Model Approach for In-Process Tool Condition Monitoring in CNC Turning Using Machine Vision
Authors: Sawangsri Worapong , Wattanasinbumrung Pakanun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tool wear monitoring and real-time predicting tool life during the machining process is becoming a crucial element in modern manufacturing to properly determine the ideal point to replace tool, remains a challenge currently. In this paper, the model approach for in-process monitoring and predicting progressive tool wear by using machine vision is proposed. The developed method adopts machine vision to acquire tool wear images from a CCD camera. The emerged wear analysis is conducted based on the in-progress of signal processing on captured tool wear images, received throughout the cutting process. This automated analysis is carried out with programming to assess and compare a number of pixels of cutting edge images between cutting tools before machining and during the machining process. The developed system is evaluated through experiments of actual cutting conducted on the CNC turning machine with the proposed system installed to evaluate progressive wear during the machining process. Experimental results are capable of indicating the emerged wear at the current state by comparing the number of pixels between the new and used tools. Average flank wear (VB) is also evaluated linked to tool rejection criteria. The developed system is validated by the 3D microscope measuring actual wear on the used tool after cutting experiments. Comparative wear analysis is then performed by finding the correlation equation of pixels examined by a developed system and SMr2 value measured by the microscope. The results showed that the relationship between the number of pixels and SMr2 is a strong correlation.
Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Bongaarts Anika , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Anink Jasper J. , Jansen Floor E. , Spliet Wim G.M. , Dunnen Wilfred F.A. den , Coras Roland , Blümcke Ingmar , Paulus Werner , Gruber Victoria E. , Scholl Theresa , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Feucht Martha , Kotulska Katarzyna , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Grajkowska Wieslawa , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Caporalini Chiara , Giordano Flavio , Genitori Lorenzo , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Pimentel José , Jones David T.W. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. Schouten-van , Mühlebner Angelika , Mills James D. , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, two key regulators of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex pathway. Phenotypically, this leads to growth and formation of hamartomas in several organs, including the brain. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade brain tumors commonly associated with TSC. Recently, gene expression studies provided evidence that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization play an important role in SEGA development. However, the precise mechanisms behind the gene expression changes in SEGA are still largely unknown, providing a potential role for DNA methylation. We investigated the methylation profile of SEGAs using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (SEGAs n = 42, periventricular control n = 8). The SEGA methylation profile was enriched for the adaptive immune system, T cell activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, extracellular structure organization and the ERK1 & ERK2 cascade. More interestingly, we identified two subgroups in the SEGA methylation data and show that the differentially expressed genes between the two subgroups are related to the MAPK cascade and adaptive immune response. Overall, this study shows that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization are also affected on DNA methylation level, suggesting that therapeutic intervention on DNA level could be useful for these specific pathways in SEGA. Moreover, we identified two subgroups in SEGA that seem to be driven by changes in the adaptive immune response and MAPK pathway and could potentially hold predictive information on target treatment response.
Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Uncommon Histology: A Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Miyashita Koichi , Karayama Masato , Inoue Yusuke , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Kono Masato , Matsui Takashi , Niwa Mitsuru , Koda Keigo , Toyoshima Mikio , Matsushima Sayomi , Matsuura Shun , Asada Kazuhiro , Fujii Masato , Kusagaya Hideki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon histology (uNSCLC) is unknown.
Methods

Patients with NSCLC treated with ICI monotherapy between January 2014 and December 2018 in 10 Japanese hospitals were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into: 1) NSCLC with common histology (cNSCLC), defined as adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma; and 2) uNSCLC, defined as incompatibility with morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the two groups.
Results

Among a total of 175 patients included, 44 with uNSCLC (10 pleomorphic carcinomas, 9 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 2 large cell carcinomas, and 23 not otherwise specified) and 44 with matched cNSCLC (32 adenocarcinomas and 12 squamous cell carcinomas) were selected for analyses. Median progression-free survival (PFS) (4.4 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–7.7 months) and overall survival (OS) (11.4 months, 95 % CI 7.4–27.4 months) in the uNSCLC patients were not significantly different from those in matched cNSCLC patients (5.4 months, 95% CI 3.1–7.6 months, p = 0.761; and 14.1 months, 95% CI 10.6–29.6 months, p = 0.381). In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) of 0–1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression were predictive for PFS and OS in uNSCLC.
Conclusion

ICIs had similar clinical efficacy for treatment of uNSCLC and cNSCLC. Good ECOG-PS and PD-L1 expression were predictive for efficacy of ICIs in uNSCLC.
Numerical analysis and mechanic theoretical derivations for optimizing the V-thread profiles in dental implant system
Authors: Cai Yongqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The thread design of the dental implant is an important feature to be considered in the optimization of the dental implant structure. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of V-thread profile design dimensions, including depth, width, pitch, thread helix angle and triangle thread apex angle on the mechanical characteristics of the bone-implant interface. A total of 588 V-thread implant system models were constructed to investigate the effects of the dimension parameters on the stress distribution generated around the bone-implant interface under vertical occlusal force. Furthermore, the force transfer at the bone-implant interface was analyzed theoretically to analyze the force transmission mechanism at bone-implant for an optimized V-thread profile in the implants.
Results

The optimum thread pitch ranged from 1.0 mm to 1.2 mm, when the triangle thread depth and width was 0.1 mm. The theoretically derived results showed that, with the same implant diameter, when the thread depth was 0.1 mm and the thread pitch was 0.9 mm, the optimal thread width was found to be 0.1026 mm. This derived result was consistent with the simulation analysis results.
Conclusions

To design the optimal V-shape threads, the implant and thread dimensions, such as the implant diameter, thread pitch, thread width, thread helix angle and triangle thread apex angle should be comprehensively considered. The optimal designed thread in this study can dissipate the chewing load, as a result of the appropriate ratio of tensile force and shear force on bone-implant interface. The optimum designed thread profile can take full advantage of the carrying capacity of the tensile and shear of the bone, thereby bearing a high chewing load.
Intention to Obtain a COVID-19 Vaccine Among Brazilian Immigrant Women in the U.S.
Authors: Allen Jennifer D , Rocha Leticia Priebe , Rose Rebecca , Hoch Annmarie , Porteny Thalia , Fernandes Adriana , Galvão Heloisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted low-income communities and communities of color. Widespread uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is necessary to prevent ongoing community transmission. Little is known about the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among immigrant communities, many of which have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Our goal was to gauge COVID-19 vaccine intentions among Brazilian immigrant women living in the U.S. Methods: We conducted an online survey in Portuguese and English among a convenience sample of Brazilian immigrant women ages 18 years and older. Women were recruited through online advertisements by community-based organizations and social media groups to complete a survey that assessed intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward vaccines, and perceptions about the pandemic.Results: Of the total sample (N=364), most (70.9%) indicated they would take a COVID-19 vaccine. In bivariate analyses, vaccine intentions were significantly associated with perceptions about the severity of the pandemic, trusted sources of health information, and number of years lived in the U.S. Multinomial logistic regression models revealed that those who did not intend to be vaccinated had lived a longer time in the U.S. (OR: -0.12 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05), perceived the pandemic to be only a minor problem (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.51, 2.37), and trusted information from social networks (OR: -2.04, 95% CI: -3.35, -0.73) and private news sources (OR: -1.76, 95% CI: -2.85, -0.68).Conclusions: While the majority of women reported they would get a COVID-19 vaccine, efforts to reach those who may be hesitant should target those who have lived in the U.S. for a longer time and do not perceive the pandemic to be a major crisis. Healthcare providers may be particularly suited to deliver this information given high levels of trust.
Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites
Authors: Wang Dong , Du Yuanyi , Jia Haotian , Huang Siqi , Lei Lei , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Weaning is one of the most stressful periods that cause gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and diarrhea in calves. HNa and Gln were reported to exert beneficial effects on promoting growth performance, decreasing diarrhea incidence, and modulating intestinal microbiota in animals. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of HNa and Gln combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum parameters, intestinal microbiome, and metabolites of weaned calves.Results: In Exp. 1, 40 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (66.82±4.31 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group), and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 1%, 3%, or 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily, respectively. In a 21-day trial, calves on the 5% HNa+1% Gln group had higher ADG and lower fecal score and diarrhea incidence than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (69.37±6.28 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group) and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily (H+G group, the dose was obtained from Exp. 1). In a 21-day trial, calves supplemented with HNa and Gln had higher final BW and ADG, serum IgG concentration and GSH-Px and T-AOC activities, but lower fecal score, diarrhea incidence, as well as serum DAO, D-lac, TNF-α, and MDA concentrations compared to NC group (P < 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota indicated that supplemented with HNa and Gln significantly increased the abundance of phyla Firmicutes and genus of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Ruminiclostridium 9, Howardella, and uncultured organism, whereas the abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes, genus of Helicobacter and Lachnoclostridium were decreased as compared with NC group. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that supplemented with HNa and Gln altered 18 metabolites and enriched 6 KEGG pathways (primary fatty acid biosynthesis) compared to the NC group. Conclusions: This study showed that combined supplemented with HNa and Gln could decrease diarrhea of weaned calves, which may be associated with improved intestinal microbial ecology and altered metabolism profile.
Discovery of Next-Generation Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (TRK) Inhibitors for Combatting Resistance Associated with Protein Mutation
Authors: Zhuo Linsheng , Wang Ming-Shu , Wu Feng-Xu , Xu Hong-Chuang , Gong Yi , Yu Zhi-Cheng , Tian Yan-Guang , Pang Chao , Hao Geifei , Huang Wei , Yang Guang-Fu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aberrant signaling from tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs) has been identified as the oncogenic driver in a large variety of cancers, suggesting that inhibition of TRK may be an attractive strategy of attack for anticancer therapeutics. Despite the encouraging therapeutic response to the first-generation TRK inhibitor Larotrectinib (1), the emergence of drug-resistant secondary mutations within its ATP-binding pocket cause relapse in cancer patients. A next-generation inhibitor that overcomes multiple Larotrectinib-resistant mutations is still a major “unmet clinical need”. In this study, the progressive exploration of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) through scaffold hopping, flexibilization, and fluoroalkoxy substitutions produced modifications on the reported compound 1 that led to the discovery of a superior derivative 7g. Compound 7g is a novel, orally available TRK inhibitor that showed excellent in vitro potency on a panel of Larotrectinib-resistant mutants both in biochemical and cellular assays. Compound 7g also exhibited improved in vivo antitumor efficacy in TRK wild type and mutant fusion-driven tumor xenograft models compared to the efficacy of Larotrectinib and Selitrectinib (3). These encouraging results suggest that compound 7g is a promising drug candidate to pursue for development of a TRK inhibitor to overcome clinically acquired resistance to Larotrectinib.
Exploration of "Online + Offline" Blended Teaching Mode in Molecular Biology Experiment Under the Background of COVID-19
Authors: Xu Zihan , Yu Yang , Xia Shilin , Tuhlei Breanna , Man Tengjun , Zhou Bo , Qin Yuanhua , Sun Zheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: The outbreak of coronavirus has had a serious impact on the economy, life and education of virtually all countries around the world. In China, the pandemic continues to pose a great challenge to the traditional in-person education model of schools. Educators in China are facing the agonizing decision of whether to resume in-person instruction while there’s still no effective cure for the new coronavirus. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of teaching and learning during the period of special time, we explore the "online + offline" blended teaching mode. Methods: Four hundred medical undergraduates from Dalian Medical University in China took part in a simulated teaching model to improve their learning ability of innovation and exploration. Taking molecular biology experiment - cell apoptosis as an example, we experimented with the blending of "online + offline " teaching mode and evaluated the learning outcome under this mode from the perspectives of experiment operation, report writing and group cooperation.Results: Over 95% of them totally agree with this teaching mode and expect to have it applied to other subjects, while less than 10% of the students have the opinion that the traditional teaching mode is better. The result of the innovation project competition also shows that the students trained under this teaching mode perform better than those under the traditional teaching mode in both objective questions and answers and experimental operation.Conclusions: Adoption of this "online + offline" blended teaching mode is effective and provides a new perspective to solve the problems encountered by medical students when they reach a higher level of development. In the process of carrying out this teaching mode, the cultivation of students' independent learning and innovative exploration ability were emphasized. Furthermore, it also helps students to lay a solid foundation for their future study and career development.