bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-Based Contact Tracing of Patients With COVID-19 and Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern India: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Singh Arvind Kumar , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Pradhan Somen Kumar , Patro Binod Kumar , Batmanabane Gitanjali , Mishra Baijayantimala , Behera Bijayini , Das Ambarish , Dora G Susmita , Anand L , Azhar S M , Nair Jyolsna , Panigrahi Sasmita , Akshaya R , Sahoo Bimal Kumar , Sahu Subhakanta , Sahoo Suchismita 
Published: September 2021

Background
The contact tracing and subsequent quarantining of health care workers (HCWs) are essential to minimizing the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mitigating the shortage of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the yield of contact tracing for COVID-19 cases and the risk stratification of HCWs who are exposed to these cases.

Methods
This was an analysis of routine data that were collected for the contact tracing of COVID-19 cases at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, in Odisha, India. Data from March 19 to August 31, 2020, were considered for this study. COVID-19 cases were admitted patients, outpatients, or HCWs in the hospital. HCWs who were exposed to COVID-19 cases were categorized, per the risk stratification guidelines, as high-risk contacts or low-risk contacts

Results
During contact tracing, 3411 HCWs were identified as those who were exposed to 360 COVID-19 cases. Of these 360 cases, 269 (74.7%) were either admitted patients or outpatients, and 91 (25.3%) were HCWs. After the risk stratification of the 3411 HCWs, 890 (26.1%) were categorized as high-risk contacts, and 2521 (73.9%) were categorized as low-risk contacts. The COVID-19 test positivity rates of high-risk contacts and low-risk contacts were 3.8% (34/890) and 1.9% (48/2521), respectively. The average number of high-risk contacts was significantly higher when the COVID-19 case was an admitted patient (number of contacts: mean 6.6) rather than when the COVID-19 case was an HCW (number of contacts: mean 4.0) or outpatient (number of contacts: mean 0.2; P=.009). Similarly, the average number of high-risk contacts was higher when the COVID-19 case was admitted in a non–COVID-19 area (number of contacts: mean 15.8) rather than when such cases were admitted in a COVID-19 area (number of contacts: mean 0.27; P<.001). There was a significant decline in the mean number of high-risk contacts over the study period (P=.003).

Conclusions
Contact tracing and risk stratification were effective and helped to reduce the number of HCWs requiring quarantine. There was also a decline in the number of high-risk contacts during the study period. This indicates the role of the implementation of hospital-based, COVID-19–related infection control strategies. The contact tracing and risk stratification approaches that were designed in this study can also be implemented in other health care settings.
Informing Content and Feature Design of a Parent-Focused Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Digital Behavior Change Intervention: Synchronous Text-Based Focus Group Study
Authors: Becker Elisabeth RB , Shegog Ross , Savas Lara S , Frost Erica L , Healy C Mary , Spinner Stanley W , Vernon Sally W 
Published: September 2021

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and preventable sexually transmitted infection; however, vaccination rates in the United States among the target age group, which is 11-12 years, are lower than national goals. Interventions that address the barriers to and facilitators of vaccination are important for improving HPV vaccination rates. Web-based, text-based focus groups are becoming a promising method that may be well suited for conducting formative research to inform the design of digital behavior change intervention (DBCI) content and features that address HPV vaccination decision-making.

Objective
This study aims to explore parental HPV vaccination decision-making processes using a web-based, text-based focus group protocol to inform content and feature recommendations for an HPV prevention DBCI.

Methods
We conducted 4 web-based, text-based synchronous focus groups via Skype with the parents of patients aged 11-13 years within a large urban US pediatric clinic network.

Results
The 22 parents were mostly female, White, non-Hispanic college graduates, and they mostly had private health insurance for their children. Approximately half (14/25, 56%) of the parents' 11-13 year old children had initiated HPV vaccination. Most parents had experience using Skype (19/22, 86%). Approximately half (8/17, 47%) of parents expressed no preference for the focus group format, whereas 47% (8/17) requested a text-only chat format and 6% (1/17) requested an audiovisual format. The three main themes from the qualitative data were barriers to HPV vaccination, facilitators of HPV vaccination, and suggestions for improving the HPV vaccination clinic experience. A total of 11 intervention content and feature recommendations emerged from the themes, including addressing HPV knowledge barriers using trusted sources, designing for a family audience, focusing on the framing of messages, reporting reputable HPV research in a comprehensible format, and expanding the clinic visit experience.

Conclusions
Synchronous text-based focus groups are feasible for conducting formative research on HPV vaccination decision-making. Among well-educated and well-resourced parents, there are barriers such as misinformation and facilitators such as pediatrician recommendations that influence HPV vaccination decision-making. Parents want to conduct their own HPV research as well as receive relevant HPV vaccination advice from their child’s pediatrician. In addition, parents want an enhanced clinic visit experience that lets them access and connect to tailored information before and after clinic visits. The results gathered provide guidance for content and features that may inform a more responsive DBCI to address HPV vaccination decision-making among parents.
Predicting COVID-19 Transmission to Inform the Management of Mass Events: Model-Based Approach
Authors: Donnat Claire , Bunbury Freddy , Kreindler Jack , Liu David , Filippidis Filippos T , Esko Tonu , El-Osta Austen , Harris Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Background
Modelling COVID-19 transmission at live events and public gatherings is essential to controlling the probability of subsequent outbreaks and communicating to participants their personalized risk. Yet, despite the fast-growing body of literature on COVID-19 transmission dynamics, current risk models either neglect contextual information including vaccination rates or disease prevalence or do not attempt to quantitatively model transmission.

Objective
This paper attempted to bridge this gap by providing informative risk metrics for live public events, along with a measure of their uncertainty.

Methods
Building upon existing models, our approach ties together 3 main components: (1) reliable modelling of the number of infectious cases at the time of the event, (2) evaluation of the efficiency of pre-event screening, and (3) modelling of the event’s transmission dynamics and their uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations.

Results
We illustrated the application of our pipeline for a concert at the Royal Albert Hall and highlighted the risk’s dependency on factors such as prevalence, mask wearing, and event duration. We demonstrate how this event held on 3 different dates (August 20, 2020; January 20, 2021; and March 20, 2021) would likely lead to transmission events that are similar to community transmission rates (0.06 vs 0.07, 2.38 vs 2.39, and 0.67 vs 0.60, respectively). However, differences between event and background transmissions substantially widened in the upper tails of the distribution of the number of infections (as denoted by their respective 99th quantiles: 1 vs 1, 19 vs 8, and 6 vs 3, respectively, for our 3 dates), further demonstrating that sole reliance on vaccination and antigen testing to gain entry would likely significantly underestimate the tail risk of the event.

Conclusions
Despite the unknowns surrounding COVID-19 transmission, our estimation pipeline opens the discussion on contextualized risk assessment by combining the best tools at hand to assess the order of magnitude of the risk. Our model can be applied to any future event and is presented in a user-friendly RShiny interface. Finally, we discussed our model’s limitations as well as avenues for model evaluation and improvement.
An Integrated, Scalable, Electronic Video Consent Process to Power Precision Health Research: Large, Population-Based, Cohort Implementation and Scalability Study
Authors: Lajonchere Clara , Naeim Arash , Dry Sarah , Wenger Neil , Elashoff David , Vangala Sitaram , Petruse Antonia , Ariannejad Maryam , Magyar Clara , Johansen Liliana , Werre Gabriela , Kroloff Maxwell , Geschwind Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Background
Obtaining explicit consent from patients to use their remnant biological samples and deidentified clinical data for research is essential for advancing precision medicine.

Objective
We aimed to describe the operational implementation and scalability of an electronic universal consent process that was used to power an institutional precision health biobank across a large academic health system.

Methods
The University of California, Los Angeles, implemented the use of innovative electronic consent videos as the primary recruitment tool for precision health research. The consent videos targeted patients aged ≥18 years across ambulatory clinical laboratories, perioperative settings, and hospital settings. Each of these major areas had slightly different workflows and patient populations. Sociodemographic information, comorbidity data, health utilization data (ambulatory visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions), and consent decision data were collected.

Results
The consenting approach proved scalable across 22 clinical sites (hospital and ambulatory settings). Over 40,000 participants completed the consent process at a rate of 800 to 1000 patients per week over a 2-year time period. Participants were representative of the adult University of California, Los Angeles, Health population. The opt-in rates in the perioperative (16,500/22,519, 73.3%) and ambulatory clinics (2308/3390, 68.1%) were higher than those in clinical laboratories (7506/14,235, 52.7%; P<.001). Patients with higher medical acuity were more likely to opt in. The multivariate analyses showed that African American (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.49-0.58; P<.001), Asian (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.77; P<.001), and multiple-race populations (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77; P<.001) were less likely to participate than White individuals.

Conclusions
This is one of the few large-scale, electronic video–based consent implementation programs that reports a 65.5% (26,314/40,144) average overall opt-in rate across a large academic health system. This rate is higher than those previously reported for email (3.6%) and electronic biobank (50%) informed consent rates. This study demonstrates a scalable recruitment approach for population health research.
Effects of a National Preventive Intervention Against Potential COVID-19–Related Gambling Problems in Online Gamblers: Self-Report Survey Study
Authors: Håkansson Anders , Sundvall Andreas , Lyckberg Axel 
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been suspected to increase gambling problems in the population. Several governments introduced COVID-19–specific interventions early with the aim to prevent gambling problems, but their effects have not been evaluated.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate a Swedish COVID-19–related temporary legislation imposing an automated weekly deposit limit for online casino gambling.

Methods
The study was an anonymous survey sent by a state-owned gambling operator to online gamblers (N=619), among whom 54.0% (n=334) were moderate-risk/problem gamblers who reached the weekly limit on online gambling during the summer of 2020.

Results
Overall, 60.1% (372/619) were aware of having been limited by the COVID-19–related deposit limit, and a minority (145/619, 23.4%) perceived the intervention as fairly bad or very bad. Among those aware of the intervention, 38.7% (144/372) believed the intervention decreased their overall gambling, whereas 7.8% (29/372) believed it rather increased it. However, 82.5% (307/372) reported having gambled at more than one operator after the limit, and the most common gambling type reported to have increased at another operator was online casino (42% among moderate-risk/problem gamblers and 19% among others; P<.001). An increase in gambling following the intervention was associated with being a moderate-risk/problem gambler and having negative attitudes toward the intervention.

Conclusions
The weekly deposit limit had relatively high acceptability, but the study highlights the limitations of a single-operator deposit limit, given the high number of gamblers also reporting gambling at other operators and the lower effect in clients with gambling problems.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL CREAM OF CHLORPHENESIN
Authors: S. VEENA , KAUR SURINDER , KULKARNI GURURAJ 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The main aim of our research was to develop an Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin for the treatment of Fungal infections. Topical route is the most suitable route for skin infections.
Methods: The development of topical drug delivery systems designed to have systemic effects appears to be beneficial for a number of drugs on account of several advantages over conventional dosage forms(or) routes of drug administration. An Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin was prepared.
Results: The formulation was subjected to in vitro diffusion studies. Microbiological studies were performed to find out the safety of materials used in the formulation.
Conclusion: The developed cream consisting of Cholrphnesin was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of fungal infection.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS
Authors: ALAM SAHIDUL , BISHAL AMLAN , BANDYOPADHYAY BRATATI 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Now a days as very few antidiabetic drugs are coming out of research and development and some existing drugs are showing several side effects when administered orally, multiple times in a day, hence change in the operation is a suitable and optimized way to make some drug more effective by slight alteration in the drug delivery. Matrix type drug delivery systems of an antidiabetic drug like Metformin Hydrochloride, is an interesting and promising option when developing an oral sustained release system
Methods: An appropriately designed controlled release drug delivery system can be a major advance towards solving problems concerning the targeting of a drug to a specific organ or tissue and controlling the rate of drug delivery to the target sites. This research work is made in designing of sustained release dosage form of Metformin Hydrochloride by wet granulation method employing both Xanthan Gum and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M) as a rate controlling polymer.
Results: The development of oral sustained release systems has been a challenge to formulation scientists due to their inability to restrain and localize the system at targeted areas of the gastrointestinal tract. From all the formulation trial batches, formulation F7 shows the best results. It has been observed that HPMC K4M alone cannot give satisfactory drug release profile but the blend of HPMC K4M and Xanthan gum together give the best drug release kinetics.
Conclusion: The drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets follows Fickian diffusion with first order kinetics. Thus, sustained release matrix tablets of metformin hydrochloride can be expected to reduce the frequency of administration and decrease the dose dependent side effects
Alúmina anódica porosa (AAP): arreglo de nanocrisoles de α-alúmina de tamaño modulable
Authors: González Campuzano Ricardo , Mata Zamora María Esther 
Published: September 2021

Debido al creciente interés en la síntesis de diferentes estructuras a escala nanométrica, las alúminas anódicas porosas son una alternativa emergente a los métodos más sofisticados y costosos que se utilizan actualmente. En este trabajo se presenta una breve revisión acerca de algunos resultados experimentales recientes para sintetizar alúminas anódicas porosas con diámetros de poro extra grandes (>200 nm), usando mezclas de ácidos como electrolitos y voltajes altos de anodizado. Adicionalmente, se presentan estudios relacionados con la estabilidad térmica de las alúminas anódicas porosas, formadas en condiciones estándar, usando los electrolitos más comunes (ácidos sulfúrico, oxálico y fosfórico). Dichos estudios han mostrado que la alúmina anódica, de inicio amorfa, debe transitar por un proceso de eliminación de aniones previo a la transformación de fases policristalinas hasta alcanzar la fase más estable, α-alúmina. Finalmente, se mencionan algunas de las más destacadas aplicaciones que podrían tener las nanoestructuras obtenidas a partir de alúminas anódicas porosas obtenidas por métodos no convencionales y las tratadas térmicamente.
Diversity of Entomophatogenic Fungi from Gunung Tukung Gede Nature Reserve
Authors: Khastini Rida , Maryani Nani , Dwi Lestari Iing , Rifqiawati Ika , Ummatul Millah Nada 
Published: September 2021

Background: Entomopathogenic fungi are one of the potential biodiversity assets to be used as biological control agents. However, information about the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi, especially in the Gunung Tukung Gede (GTG) nature reserve is very limited. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi in the GTG nature reserve. Methods: The entomopathogenic fungi were explored from 3 different stations: primary forest, secondary forest and disturbed forest. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated identified both macroscopically and microscopically. Results: A total of 15 specimens of entomopathogenic fungi consisting of 5 families and 8 types of fungi successfully isolate. The entomopathogen fungi were Basidiobolus haptosporus, Beauveria bassiana., Metarhizium aniesophalie, Paecilomyces sp., Aschersonia sp., Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp.2, and Septobasidium sp. These fungi infect insect hosts from the orders Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Homoptera. The index of the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi at 3 consecutive stations is 1.5495; 1.3322; and 0.6365 (medium category). Conclusions: The GTG Nature Reserve has a unique diversity of entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore, further research is needed in order to determine the diversity and potential utilization of the existing entomopathogenic fungi.
Diversity of Semar Pockets (Nepenthes sp.) at Palangka Raya University
Authors: Rizki Muhammad , Wardhana Vinsen Willi Wardhana , Mawardin Mawardin , Sunariyati Siti 
Published: September 2021

Background: This study is a pilot project on the effectiveness of flora, especially the type of semar bag (Nepenthes sp) found at the University of Palangka Raya (UPR). The research aims to identify semar bag plants at the University of Palangka Raya. The initial observations found at least more than one type of semar bag that lives in the peat forest of the UPR campus. The study was conducted in August-November 2020. Methods: Semar bag diversity data is collected by cruising methods. The data was analyzed using literature studies to be further identified using a sealed bag identification manual. Results: The study found three species of semar bags found in the forest campus of Palangka Raya University. The bag is a type of Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, Nepenthes gracilis Korth., and Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack. Morphological characters that distinguish these three species are the morphology of leaves and pouches. The range of environmental parameter values is air temperature 28-38oC, medium-open coverage, humidity 62-98%, and soil pH 5-7.5. Conclusions: This study's results are expected to be a database of flora biodiversity in Central Kalimantan.
Weber y la política como vocación. Estudios y reflexiones a cien años de distancia [Reseña]
Authors: Demarco Agustín 
Published: September 2021

ReseñaTítulo: Weber y la política como vocación. Estudios y reflexiones a cien años de distanciaAutores: Israel Covarrubias y Herminio Sánchez de la Barquera y Arroyo (Coords.)Año de publicación: 2020Edición: PrimeraPáginas: 153ISBN: 978 6073031059Editorial: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas-UNAM

El verano europeo de 1919 vio surgir una de las obras capitales de la sociología, en general, y de la literatura weberiana, en particular. Se trata de La política como vocación, texto originado en la segunda de un par de conferencias dictadas por Max Weber (1864-1920) en Münich a la Libre Unión de los Estudiantes de Baviera.
Resilience and professional assessment of the medicine interns
Authors: Bryson Malca Walter Florencio , Gallardo-Lolandes Yanina , Vivar-Bravo Javier , Zarate-Ruíz Gustavo 
Published: September 2021

The study’s objective was to know the private school of medicine interns resilience level according to the following dimensions: equanimity, personal satisfaction, feeling good alone, self-confidence and perseverance. Their professional assessment was also measured through their levels of in-depth interviews, technical procedures, and observable attitudes. The approach used was the quantitative, basic type, with a descriptive scope. The non-probability sampling technique was used. The sample consisted of 524 medicine students, 321 women (61.3%) and 203 men (38.7%), who are currently studying in thirteen and fourteen cycle of the seventh year of university studies. For the resilience variable, the instrument used was the survey; and for the professional assessment variable, in-depth interviews were conducted, as well as observation of technical procedures and attitudes of the medicine interns at a private university. The instrument used was the questionnaire called the resilience scale. The study shows that medicine interns resilience is on an inadequate level (75,2%), and that the professional assessment presented a low level (48,9%).
E-learning in higher education in times of pandemic: A bibliographic review
Authors: Zevallos de las Casas Luisa Inés , Castañeda Sánchez Magda Isabel , Valle Chavez Rosa Amelia , Sanchez Anastacio Katherine Rosemary , Flores Farro Angélica , Gómez Carrión Christian Esteban 
Published: September 2021

The research is a bibliographic review on e-learning at the higher level in times of pandemic, e-learning. Databases were reviewed Eric, Scopus, Web of science, Dialnet, Scielo, Google scholar, digital books Likewise, the article aims to explain higher education and the pandemic, the conceptualization of e-learnig, b-learnig, connectivism theory, pedagogical dimensions of the E -Learnig, online activities, and the educational inequalities in times of pandemic. The review of this literature allowed us to reach the following conclusions: e-learning are applications and tools that rely on ICT to facilitate learning, from a pedagogical approach through e-learning, students learn autonomously and independently. The impact on higher education has been dramatic and transformative, and a common trend in education systems around the world has been to respond to the pandemic with “emergency e-learning” protocols, marking a rapid transition from face-to-face classes to learning systems online.