bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the induced delamination formation in composite laminates subjected to bending loads
Authors: Bahrami Mohammad , Malakouti Mohsen , Farrokhabadi Amin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this research, the effects of induced delamination on the variation of the mechanical properties of composite laminates subjected to bending loads are investigated using a micromechanical model. For this purpose, the variation of the mechanical properties of delaminated laminates is determined using stress analysis of damaged ply and classical laminate theory (CLT) relationships. Using the proposed model and CLT, the fracture toughness due to induced delamination formation is presented in cross‐ply laminates. Subsequently, the variation of strain energy release rate (SERR) is calculated in terms of crack density using analytical and finite element (FE) models to detect dominant failure modes in different crack densities. The results are compared with those of matrix cracking propagation. The results obtained by the proposed analytical model are in good agreement with those obtained by existing numerical and experimental approaches. The proposed model can be utilized to predict induced delamination formation in composite laminates subjected to bending loads.
Early oral language in Chinese heritage language reading development
Authors: Zhang Haomin , Koda Keiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explored the role of early oral language in reading development among adult heritage language (HL) learners to provide insights into the possible developmental pattern of HL reading development. One hundred and ninety‐five English‐speaking Chinese HL (CHL) students participated in this study. They completed a language background survey pertaining to their early language use in different social contexts and a series of measurements including oral vocabulary knowledge, print vocabulary knowledge, morphological awareness, lexical inferencing ability, and reading comprehension. Drawing upon multivariate path analysis, the study found that oral vocabulary knowledge, as an indicator of the benefit stemming from oral language experiences, contributed to print vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness directly. However, there was no significant direct effect of oral vocabulary knowledge on higher‐level reading skills (lexical inference and reading comprehension). As well, oral vocabulary contributed to higher‐level reading skills only through the mediation of word‐knowledge skills (print vocabulary and morphological awareness). The results suggest that oral language capacity (indexed by oral vocabulary knowledge) alone is insufficient for higher‐level reading ability, but it serves as an intermediary resource to enhance higher‐level inferencing and comprehension abilities among HL students. Pedagogical implications were provided to inform HL reading instruction based on the multiple diversities of HL language experiences.
Global forest restoration opportunities to foster coral reef conservation
Authors: Suárez‐Castro Andrés F. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Kuempel Caitlin D. , Linke Simon , Borrelli Pasquale , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSediment runoff from disturbed coastal catchments is a major threat to marine ecosystems. Understanding where sediments are produced and where they are delivered enables managers to design more effective strategies for improving water quality. A management strategy is targeted restoration of degraded terrestrial areas, as it provides opportunities to reduce land‐based runoff from coastal areas and consequently foster coral reef conservation. To do this strategically, a systematic approach is needed to identify watersheds where restoration actions will provide the highest conservation benefits for coral reefs. Here, we develop a systematic approach for identifying global forest restoration opportunities that would also result in large decreases in the flux of sediments to coral reefs. We estimate how land‐use change affects sediment runoff globally using high‐resolution spatial data and determine the subsequent risk of sediment exposure on coral reefs using a diffusion‐based ocean transport model. Our results reveal that sediment export is a major issue affecting 41% of coral reefs globally. The main coastal watersheds with the highest sediment export are predominantly located in Southeast Asian countries, with Indonesia and the Philippines accounting for 52% of the sediment export in coastal areas near coral reefs. We show how restoring forest across multiple watersheds could help to reduce sediment export to 63,000 km2of coral reefs. Although reforestation opportunities in areas that discharge onto coral reefs are relatively small across watersheds, it is possible to achieve large sediment reduction benefits by strategically targeting watersheds located in regions with a high density of corals near to the coast. Thus, reforestation benefits on coral reefs do not necessarily come from the watersheds that produce the highest sediment export. These analyses are key for generating informed action to support both international conservation policy and national restoration activities.
Historical increases in land‐derived nutrient inputs may alleviate effects of a changing physical climate on the oceanic carbon cycle
Authors: Lacroix Fabrice , Ilyina Tatiana , Mathis Moritz , Laruelle Goulven G. , Regnier Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe implications of climate change and other human perturbations on the oceanic carbon cycle are still associated with large uncertainties. Global‐scale modelling studies are essential to investigate anthropogenic perturbations of oceanic carbon fluxes but, until now, they have not considered the impacts of temporal changes in riverine and atmospheric inputs of P and N on the marine net biological productivity (NPP) and air–sea CO2 exchange (FCO2). To address this, we perform a series of simulations using an enhanced version of the global ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC to isolate effects arising from (1) increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, (2) a changing physical climate and (3) alterations in inputs of terrigenous P and N on marine carbon cycling over the 1905–2010 period. Our simulations reveal that our first‐order approximation of increased terrigenous nutrient inputs causes an enhancement of 2.15 Pg C year−1 of the global marine NPP, a relative increase of +5% over the simulation period. This increase completely compensates the simulated NPP decrease as a result of increased upper ocean stratification of −3% in relative terms. The coastal ocean undergoes a global relative increase of 14% in NPP arising largely from increased riverine inputs, with regional increases exceeding 100%, for instance on the shelves of the Bay of Bengal. The imprint of enhanced terrigenous nutrient inputs is also simulated further offshore, inducing a 1.75 Pg C year−1 (+4%) enhancement of the NPP in the open ocean. This finding implies that the perturbation of carbon fluxes through coastal eutrophication may extend further offshore than that was previously assumed. While increased nutrient inputs are the largest driver of change for the CO2 uptake at the regional scale and enhance the global coastal ocean CO2 uptake by 0.02 Pg C year−1, they only marginally affect the FCO2 of the open ocean over our study's timeline.
OBVIOUSLY STRATEGY‐PROOF IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSIGNMENT RULES: A NEW CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Mandal Pinaki , Roy Souvik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider assignment problems where individuals are to be assigned at most one indivisible object and monetary transfers are not allowed. We provide a characterization of assignment rules that are Pareto efficient, nonbossy, and implementable in obviously strategy‐proof (OSP) mechanisms. As corollaries of our result, we obtain a characterization of OSP‐implementable fixed priority top trading cycles (FPTTC) rules, hierarchical exchange rules, and trading cycles rules. Troyan (International Economic Review 60 (2019), 1249–61) provides a characterization of OSP‐implementable FPTTC rules when there are equal number of individuals and objects. Our result generalizes this for arbitrary values of those.
Identification of mechanically separated meat in meat products: a simplified analytical approach by ion chromatography with conductivity detection
Authors: Iammarino Marco , Miedico Oto , Sangiorgi Emanuele , D’Amore Teresa , Berardi Giovanna , Accettulli Rosario , Dalipi Rogerta , Marchesani Giuliana , Chiaravalle Antonio Eugenio 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDue to food safety concerns, the European Food Safety Authority asked for novel approaches for identifying mechanically separated meat (MSM) in meat products. In this work, a novel and simplified approach for MSM identification in meat products is presented. This approach is based on the calcium and magnesium determination by suppressed cation‐exchange chromatography coupled to conductivity detection, after sample mineralisation. One hundred samples of meat products were analysed. The difference between calcium and magnesium concentration (MSMindex) was identified as the most significant parameter useful for discriminating the presence of MSM in the product. The approach was also validated by analysing simulated meat samples containing increasing percentages of MSM. Meat samples with MSMindex higher than 390 mg kg−1 can be classified as MSM products, even if the MSM was obtained at high or low pressure. The protocol is applicable for MSM identification in meat products with MSM percentage higher than 25%.
Effects of heat moisture treatment on the structural, physicochemical and digestibility properties of potato starch–soybean peptide complexes
Authors: Chen Xu , Zhang Yuge , Zhao Huabin , Chen Liyun , Zeng Yan , Liang Zhili , Zhu Jie , Li Lin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn this study, potato starch (PS) was complexed with soybean peptides (SPTs) with different molecular weights under heat moisture treatment (HMT) at different moisture contents. The results showed that PSSPT complexes formed under HMT were characterised by weaker and fuzzier polarised cross patterns, and more agglomerates. After HMT, higher gelatinisation temperatures and lower enthalpies were observed for PSSPT complexes. In particular, higher gelatinisation temperatures were observed when moisture levels were higher during HMT. Compared with physically mixed counterparts, the PSSPT complexes under HMT displayed higher pasting temperatures and lower swelling power, and peak viscosity. Higher moisture content during HMT led to a less thermodynamically stable B‐polymorphic structure converting to a more stable A‐type polymorph. Higher SDS content was found in the PSSPT complexes subjected to HMT with lower moisture content, while relatively higher RS content was associated with higher moisture content of HMT. These results could be attributed to restructuring of the amylose/amylopectin chains, the physical barrier of SPT and interactions between the negatively charged groups in PS and the side chains in SPT. This study will advance our understanding of food multicomponent interactions, as well as guidance for the application development of low‐glycaemic index foods containing SDS and RS in the field of fine food processing.
An effective polydopamine coating to improve stability and bioactivity of carvacrol‐loaded zein nanoparticles
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Akman Perihan Kubra , Bozkurt Fatih , Karasu Salih 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple and facile method was used to fabricate carvacrol‐loaded zein nanoparticles (CLZNPs), and CLZNPs were coated with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg mL−1) of polydopamine (PDA) to fabricate CLZPNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that CLNPs and CLZPNPs possessed spherical shapes with smooth surfaces in the sizes of 562 and 725 nm and were highly stable possessing high encapsulation efficiency (81.3%). The antioxidant activity of CLZPNPs (ranging from 70.97% to 89.84%) was higher than that (51.42%) of CLZNPs. PDA had a significant effect to increase the antioxidant activity of the CLZNPs. The thermal stability of the particles was influenced by a temperature change from 30 °C to 70 °C. While 1 CLZPNP sample possessed the highest retention rate of carvacrol, the uncoated CLZNPs had the lowest retention value at all temperatures. The antibacterial effect of CLZNPs could be remarkably increased by their coating with PDA at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg mL−1), reaching the level of 100% inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, coating the carvacrol‐loaded nanoparticles (CLZNPs) with PDA enabled us to fabricate highly stable CLZPNPs possessing improved stability and bioactivity. The results of this study suggest that the fabricated nanoformulation would find an application in food packaging technology to increase the storage stability of the products and control various foodborne bacterial pathogens.
The effects of ultra‐high‐pressure treatments combined with heat treatments on the antigenicity and structure of soy glycinin
Authors: Xi Jun , Li Yingying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlycinin is one of the important allergens found in soybeans, which can potentially cause severe allergic reactions. Therefore, reducing the antigenicity of glycinin is of major significance to the research of soybean allergies. In order to detect the relationships between the antigenicity and structure of glycinin, samples were extracted from defatted soybean and then processed by ultra‐high‐pressure combined heat treatments. The processed proteins were determined using SDS‐PAGE, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, exogenous fluorescence, free sulfhydryl groups and Fourier transform methods. The results revealed that the antigenicity of the processed soy glycinin had decreased. In addition, the content levels of the hydrophobic groups, free sulfhydryl groups, α‐helix, β‐turn and random coils had increased, and the content of β‐sheets had decreased. The results indicated that the reduction in the antigenicity of the glycinin was due to the processing treatments, which effectively destroyed the spatial structure of the glycinin.
Semi‐solid fibre syrup for sugar reduction in cookies
Authors: Carcelli Alessandro , Suo Xinying , Boukid Fatma , Carini Eleonora , Vittadini Elena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince sugar reduction is a pillar of the international nutritional guideline, the food industry is constantly looking for new ingredients able to replace sugar technological functionality while satisfying the consumer's request for clean label. Based on corn (Zea mays) dextrin and seed coats of chickpeas (testa of Cicer arietinum seed), a fibre syrup was tested as bulking agent in cookies to reach 30% and 50% sugar reduction. Cookies were characterised for their physicochemical, rheological and sensorial attributes. Fibre syrup addition did neither hinder dough workability nor require changes in cookie production procedure. The use of the fibre syrup permitted to partially preserve the structural strength of cookies and increased their red colour index. Moreover, the fibre syrup use allowed to obtain sugar‐reduced cookies qualified for ‘reduced in sugar’ and ‘high in fibre’ nutritional claims.
Utility of hot‐balloon‐based pulmonary vein isolation under balloon surface temperature monitoring: First clinical experience
Authors: Nakahara Shiro , Wakamatsu Yuji , Fukuda Reiko , Hori Yuichi , Nishiyama Naoki , Sato Hirotsugu , Nagashima Koichi , Mizutani Yukiko , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Kobayashi Sayuki , Taguchi Isao , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionA new hot balloon system that registers balloon surface temperature (BST) during energy delivery is now available for clinical use in Japan. This study sought to investigate the utility of BST measurement for achievement of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by a single‐shot energy delivery strategy during hot balloon ablation (HBA).MethodsWe applied and tested the system in 30 consecutive patients undergoing HBA for paroxysmal or early‐persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We also performed real‐time PV potential monitoring using a circular catheter.ResultsAcute PVI was achieved with single hot balloon shots in 88% (106/120) of the PVs. Real‐time BSTs and PV potentials were recorded in all cases. Mean BST at documentation of PVI was 49.4°C, and acute reconnections were observed in most cases (86%, 12/14) in which the single‐shot technique was ineffective. Time‐to‐isolation (TTI) (23.1 ± 8.7 s vs. 36.3 ± 9.3 s, p < .01) and median BST (59.9 ± 2.6°C vs. 55.7 ± 1.9°C, p < .01) differed significantly between cases in which PVI was achieved (vs. those in which PVI was not achieved). Multivariable analysis revealed strong association between both TTI and median BST and acute PVI. The best median BST cutoff value for achieving PVI with a single shot was >58.7°C (sensitivity 67.0%, specificity 100%).ConclusionOur data suggest that real‐time BST monitoring during energy applications is useful for predicting achievement of acute PVI by a single shot during HBA.
Home blood pressure telemonitoring for improving blood pressure control in middle‐aged and elderly patients with hypertension
Authors: Yue Jianwei , Yang Xiaomin , Wang Bin , Hu Han , Fu Haiming , Gao Yuxia , Sun Gang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe blood pressure (BP) control rate among treated hypertensives in China remains low at 37.5%. The relationship between home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPT) and BP control is controversial. The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between HBPT and BP control in middle‐aged and elderly hypertensives. In total, 252 hypertension patients aged between 60 and 79 years were enrolled. The patients were given either HBPT through interactive platforms between physicians and patients (telemonitoring group,n = 126) or conventional management (routine management group,n = 126). All patients were followed‐up for 15 months. BP control was defined as home systolic blood pressure < 135 mm Hg and home diastolic blood pressure < 85 mm Hg. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the baseline BP control rate (p = .083). However, after 15 months, the BP control rate improved in both groups, and the telemonitoring group (71.3%) had a significantly higher BP control than the routine management group (49.8%) (p < .001). The change of BP control rate from baseline in the routine management group increased by 26.1%, and that of the telemonitoring group increased by 35.4%. The results of the fully adjusted binary logistic regression showed that HBPT was positively associated with BP control after adjusting for confounders (OR = 4.15, 95%CI2.05–8.39). Similar results were observed after 3, 9, and 12 months. The association of HBPT with BP control was similar in subgroups. In conclusions, HBPT is recommended for BP control in middle‐aged and elderly hypertensives in the community setting.
A study of combined microfocused ultrasound and hyaluronic acid dermal filler in the treatment of enlarged facial pores in Asians
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Namasondhi Amornrut , Anuntrangsee Tanaporn , Kositkuljorn Chaninan , Jurairattanaporn Natthachat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnlarged facial pores are a common cosmetic complaint in practice. Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) and low‐degree crosslinked hyaluronic acid filler (L‐HA) injection has recently become a popular procedure for skin rejuvenation. The effectiveness of the combined MFU‐V and L‐HA injection in the treatment of enlarged pores has not been evaluated.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of MFU‐V monotherapy (single technique) and MFU‐V combined with L‐HA injection (combined technique) for the treatment of enlarged facial pores in Asians.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, single‐blinded, split‐face study on participants with enlarged facial pores. Each side of the face was randomly assigned to treatment with one session of single technique or combined technique. Pore volume was objectively measured by an Antera 3D® system. Subjective assessment was evaluated by one‐blinded physician using a pore grading score (0–4). Patients rated the improvement in terms of satisfaction using the visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10).ResultsForty‐six participants completed the study. The mean pore volume of both sides declined with statistical significance at every visit compared to baseline, with the lowest mean at 4 months post‐treatment. The combined technique showed a lower mean pore volume than single technique throughout the follow‐ups. Physician's subjective evaluation showed no statistically significant difference between the two techniques. The patient satisfaction score showed a similar trend to the mean pore volume, with a statistically significant difference at 4 and 6 months post‐treatment.ConclusionsBoth techniques are effectively minimize enlarged facial pores. The combined technique resulted in more patient satisfaction.
Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence among nurses in the South‐East Asian and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Varghese Abin , Joseph Jaison , Vijay V. R. , Khakha Deepika C , Dhandapani Manju , Gigini George , Kaimal Raveesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) includes verbal abuse, physical violence, bullying or mobbing, assault and sexual harassment. The area has been well researched in the developed and high‐income countries among nurses and healthcare professionals, but in the case of the low and upper‐middle‐income countries, there remains a paucity of comprehensive data on the prevalence of WPV and its contributing factors.AimsTo estimate the prevalence and determinants of WPV among nurses working in the South‐East Asian Region and Western Pacific Regions.DesignSystematic review and Meta‐analysis.MethodA comprehensive search was done to retrieve articles based on a PRISMA compliant protocol registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42020223605. Study selection, quality assessment and data abstraction were independently done by the team members and discrepancies addressed through mutual consensus. Random‐effect meta‐analysis, I2 statistics and subgroup analysis were done.ResultsThe review included 41 studies conducted among 42,222 nurses from 13 countries. The pooled prevalence of WPV, verbal abuse, physical violence, threatening behaviour, physical assault, sexual harassment and bullying/mobbing were 58% (CI 51%‐64%), 64% (CI 59%‐70%), 23% (CI 14%–34%), 30(CI‐11%–52%), 21% (CI 8%‐38%), 12% (CI 7%‐17%) and 25% (17%‐33%), respectively. The various determinants of WPV included attributes related to the patient, nurses and organisation. Moreover, the impact of WPV included physical, psychological repercussions on nurses and the various measures used to manage it.ConclusionNurses encounter a high level of WPV especially verbal abuse in their workplace settings. Nursing councils and professional nursing organisations should put in their effort towards the formulation and implementation of occupational safety legislation in their respective countries through appropriate political lobbying.Relevance to clinical practice.Our review highlights the emerging need to focus on the prevention of WPV among nurses working in lower, middle and upper‐middle‐income countries. Legislation changes and organisational commitment are vital for ensuring effective policies to combat WPV.