bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming the kind of doctor that you want to be. A qualitative study about participation in Balint group work
Authors: Ryding Elsa Lena , Birr Anders 
Published: August 2021

Objective Although wide-spread and appreciated, the benefit of Balint group work has been difficult to determine. Qualitative studies provide new angles for research. The aim of this study is to explore how participants in a Balint group for at least 1.5 years experienced the group work and how they were affected by their participation. Method Focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 19 members of four different Balint groups. The participants were experienced residents or younger specialists in general practice as well as from hospital specialities. A thematic analysis was performed. Results The main themes that emerged were: Investigating emotions, Development of the physician’s identity as well as Safety in the group and with the leader. The participants reported relief from stress as well as increased ability to understand the emotional side of patient encounters. They struggled to find their identity as doctors and specialists, often gaining a sense of pride in their work and becoming more secure. The group with a certified Balint leader felt like a safe place. Conclusions For younger doctors, participation in a Balint group for at least 1.5 years can help them build their professional identity by means of a deeper understanding of doctor-patient relationships. The role of Balint group work in relation to professional identity warrants further study.
Validity and Reliability of the French Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS)
Authors: Leclercq Céline , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos M. , Horoi Mihaela , Le Bon Serge D. , Hans Stephane , Distinguin Lea , Chekkoury-Idrissi Younes , Circiu Marta P. , Khalife Mohamad , Saussez Sven , Lechien Jérôme R. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To develop a French Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (Fr-sQOD) to assess the quality of life impairments of patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). Methods: Patients with OD and controls were enrolled from 2 academic centers. Individuals completed the Fr-sQOD, an OD visual analog scale severity, and the French version of the sinonasal outcome tool-22 (SNOT-22). Cronbach α was used to measure the internal consistency of Fr-sQOD. The reliability and the external validity of Fr-sQOD were assessed through a test–retest approach and by correlating Fr-sQOD with SNOT-22 scores, respectively. The external validity was assessed by correlation analysis between Fr-sQOD and the result of an assessment of the severity of OD on a visual analog scale. Results: Eighty patients completed the evaluations. The internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach α .96), and the test–retest reliability was high in the entire cohort (rs = 0.877, P < .001). The correlation between Fr-sQOD total scores and the severity of OD was moderate but significant (rs = −0.431; P = .001) supporting an acceptable external validity. Patients with OD had a significantly higher score of Fr-sQOD than healthy individuals ( P < .001), indicating a high internal validity. Conclusion: The Fr-sQOD is a reliable and valid self-administered tool in the evaluation of the impact of OD on quality of life of French-speaking patients.
Treatment of Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction Using Corticosteroids
Authors: Duan Hong-Gang , Ji Fang , Yan Mao-Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of different doses and forms of corticosteroids in the treatment of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction and to specify the factors related to the curative effects. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction from January 2018 to May 2019 were reviewed. All patients received different doses of oral corticosteroids for 12 days or inhaled corticosteroids for 1 month. Results: A review of the records of 43 patients showed that the mean follow-up time was 6.66 months, and the overall effective rate of treatment was 48.8%. Postinfectious olfactory dysfunction exhibited distinct seasonality, with the highest incidence in March. The curative effect was significantly related to the olfactory discrimination threshold at the first consultation ( P = .022), but not significantly associated with age ( P = .325), sex ( P = .924), duration of disease ( P = .526), follow-up time ( P = .489), or treatment program ( P = .330). Conclusions: Different doses and forms of corticosteroids showed no significant difference in the therapeutic effect on postinfectious olfactory dysfunction. The olfactory discrimination threshold at the first consultation was the most important factor influencing the prognosis.
A Preliminary Report on the Correlation Between Nasal Function and the Different Phases of the Nasal Cycle
Authors: Li Yihan , Yu Chenjie , Li Peizhong , Qian Xiaoyun , Song Panpan , Gao Xia 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To explore whether the different phases of the nasal cycle have a significant effect on nasal temperature, the nasal mucosal clearance rate, and levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) and to investigate the correlation between these nasal conditions. Methods: The study participants were divided into 2 groups: the control group and the rhinitis group. The participants’ nasal temperature, cilia clearance rate, and nNO levels were measured during different phases of the nasal cycle (the congestion phase and decongestion phase) in the control group and before and after undergoing inferior turbinate ablation in the rhinitis group. Results: The temperature of the nasal cavity in the control group was significantly higher in the congestion phase than in the decongestion phase ( P = .0025), while in the rhinitis group, the temperature of the nasal cavity decreased significantly after inferior turbinate ablation ( P = .001). In the control group, the nasal mucosa clearance time was significantly shorter in the congestion phase than in the decongestion phase ( P = .001), and in the rhinitis group, the clearance time of the nasal mucosa was significantly shortened after the operation ( P = .0025). In the control group, the levels of nNO were significantly higher in the congestion phase than in the decongestion phase ( P = .025), while in the rhinitis group, nNO levels decreased significantly after the operation ( P = .005). Conclusion: The function of the nasal cavity changes in different phases of the nasal cycle. Therefore, when evaluating the impact of various factors on nasal function, factors associated with the nasal cycle should also be considered. Inferior turbinate plasma ablation can improve the ciliary function of the nasal mucosa, reduce the temperature of the nasal cavity, and reduce nNO levels.
Clinical Characteristics of Older Adults Seeking Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Soto Pablo , Vahidi Nima , Nord Ryan 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder with numerous clinical correlates. Although effective treatments abound, patient acceptance and adherence is low. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a surgical treatment alternative for the treatment of OSA; however, the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals seeking HNS are not well categorized. This study sought to determine the clinical characteristics of older adults seeking HNS for the treatment of OSA. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were administered to all patients older than 50 years seeking a HNS consultation at a large university medical center. Questionnaires included validated National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NIH PROMIS) measures of physical functioning, sleep-related impairment, cognitive abilities, depression, anxiety, and anger along with the Information extracted from electronic medical records included age, sex, race, and apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Results: Patients included 113 adults (mean age 63.30 years, 57% male, 79% white) with severe OSA (AHI = 33.91, standard deviation = 20.63). Overall, 88% of patients reported elevated insomnia symptoms, 30% reported mild difficulty with physical functioning, and 36% indicated that they had experienced moderate-severe daytime impairments attributed to poor sleep. Additionally, we found 28% of sampled individuals reported moderate-severe depressive symptomology, over 19% reported moderate-severe anxiety, and over 17% reported moderate to severe anger issues. Approximately, 38% of the sample reported moderate to severe cognitive difficulties. Conclusions: The aim of the study was to better understand the clinical characteristics of older patients with OSA seeking HNS treatment. Utilizing NIH PROMIS questionnaires, we identified unique clinical and psychosocial correlates in this sample, which included higher rates of insomnia symptoms, physical dysfunction, cognitive deficits, and depressive symptoms than the general population. Future studies will be needed to investigate these relationships more thoroughly and throughout the course of the treatment.
Global Incidence of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Beeler Cynthia J. , Carlson Matthew L. , Caye‐Thomasen Per , Spear Samuel A. , Erbele Isaac D. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveUbiquitous throughout the literature and during patient counseling, vestibular schwannoma is often quoted to affect about 1 per 100,000 people. Yet, reports from distinct international populations suggest that the incidence is likely much higher. The objective of the current work was to systematically characterize the global incidence of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.Data SourcesScopus, Embase, and PubMed.Review MethodsPopulation‐based studies reporting incidence rates of sporadic vestibular schwannoma between January 2010 and August 2020 were searched with language restrictions requiring reports to be published in Chinese, English, German, Italian, or Spanish. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021228208) prior to commencement of data collection. PRISMA guidelines for transparent reporting of systematic reviews were followed.ResultsAmong 424 citations, 6 publications covering 4 distinct populations from Denmark, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United States met inclusion criteria. Most recent incidence rates of among all ages ranged between 3.0 and 5.2 per 100,000 person‐years. Highest incidence rates were reported among patients aged ≥70 years, peaking at 20.6 per 100,000 person‐years. One study from the United States reported the incidence of asymptomatic, incidentally diagnosed tumors at a rate of 1.3 per 100,000 person‐years from 2012 to 2016.ConclusionsRecent international incidence rates of sporadic vestibular schwannoma exceed the commonly quoted “1 per 100,000” figure by up to 5‐fold among all ages and by up to 20‐fold among age groups at highest risk. Based on modern incidence rates, the lifetime prevalence of developing sporadic vestibular schwannoma likely exceeds 1 per 500 persons.
Rehabilitation in Dementia
Authors: Gupta Anupam , Prakash Naveen B. , Sannyasi Gourav 
Published: August 2021

Dementia is an eurodegenerative disorder, which causes significant disability, especially among the elderly population worldwide. The affected person shows a progressive cognitive decline, which interferes with the independence in performing the activities of daily living. Other than the cognitive domain, the patient tends to have neuropsychiatric, behavioral, sensorimotor, speech, and language-related issues. It is expected that the global burden of the disease will rise with more people entering the geriatric age group. By 2050 close, to 140 million people will be living with one or the other type of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease contributes to more than 60% of cases worldwide, followed by vascular dementia. Pharmacotherapy has a limited role to play in the treatment, and at present, no drug is available, which can halt or reverse the progress of the disease. World Health Organization has mandated rehabilitation as a core recommendation in the global action plan on the public health response to dementia. Rehabilitation services are widely recognized as a practical framework to maximize independence and community participation in dementia care. The rehabilitation program is customized to achieve the desired goals, as each person has different experiences, preferences, motivations, strengths, and requirements based on type, course, and severity of the illness. It is an interdisciplinary-team approach with the involvement of several health care professionals. This article reviews the existing literature and outlines the effective rehabilitation strategies concisely in dementia care.
Causal Entropic Forces, Narratives and Self-organisation of Capital Markets
Authors: Bocher Romain 
Published: August 2021

The intersubjective markets hypothesis is revisited with respect to causal entropic principles. While the financial system is assumed to naturally evolve towards uncertainty, a spontaneous and unstable form of order emerges, thanks to narratives, leading to self-organised criticality. This article also includes a discussion about main hypotheses in finance, about the link between volatility spikes and entropy, and, finally, about the important role of narratives as forms of collective intelligence. JEL: D40, D50, D53, D70, D80
Why we need an internationally shared rehabilitation definition for clinical research purposes
Authors: Negrini Stefano , Levack William Mark Magnus , Meyer Thorsten , Kiekens Carlotte 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Responding to a recent editorial arguing against defining rehabilitation, we discuss the reasons for developing a classification of rehabilitation for research purposes, its philosophical background and some of the possible risks. Why define: Science requires the definition and classification of phenomena to allow replication of experiments and studies, and to allow interpretation and use of the findings. As understanding increases, the definitions can be refined. Defining rehabilitation does run the risk of excluding some interventions or practices that are either considered rehabilitation (perhaps wrongly) or are rehabilitation interventions; when identified, these errors in definition can be remedied. Defining rehabilitation for research purposes should not inhibit but could (possibly) orient research. Risk of not: Without a definition, rehabilitation will remain in a permanent limbo. Experts will (apparently) know what it is, while others are left guessing or failing to comprehend or recognise it. This uncertainty may reassure some people, because all possible interventions are included; we argue that it downgrades the understanding of our field because interventions that are not rehabilitation are, nonetheless, called rehabilitation. In an era of international collaboration, and of undertaking systematic reviews with metanalysis, we need a shared definition. Conclusion: Terminology is often controversial, but definition enables progress in understanding such that terms themselves can evolve over time.
Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles enhances radiosensitivity of ovarian cancer
Authors: Ba Shuang , Yu Ming 
Published: August 2021

Background Radiation therapy is regarded as an effective treatment for early ovarian cancer (OC). However, due to radiation resistance caused by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and angiogenesis, the efficacy of radiotherapy for advanced OC is limited and controversial. Purpose To explore whether ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMBs) can enhance the radiosensitivity of OC. Material and Methods OC cells (ES-2) were respectively irradiated with 5-Gy and 10-Gy radiation doses with or without exposure to USMB. Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) and colony-formation assays were conducted to detect the viability and proliferation of ES-2 cells after USMBs and ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to examine levels of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX), an indicator for DSBs. Flow cytometry analyses were carried out to assess the apoptosis of ES-2 cells. The angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by tube formation assays. Results USMBs enhanced IR-induced suppressive effect on the viability and proliferation of OC cells. The protein levels of phosphorylated γ-H2AX and CHK1 were significantly upregulated after IR treatment and further enhanced by USMBs. In addition, USMBs enhanced the promotion of IR-mediated OC cell apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of IR on angiogenesis was further enhanced by USMBs, and protein levels of AT1R, VEGFA, and EGFR were downregulated by IR in a dose-dependent way and then enhanced by USMB treatment in HUVECs. Conclusions USMB exposure significantly enhances the radiosensitivity of OC by suppressing cell proliferation, promoting OC cell apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
Debating the Relevance of Non-alignment in Indian Diplomacy
Authors: Kaura Vinay 
Published: August 2021

Zorawar Daulat Singh, Power & Diplomacy: India’s Foreign Policies During the Cold War (Oxford University Press, 2019). pp. 398, ₹950. ISBN 978-0199489640. Sudhanshu Tripathi, India’s Foreign Policy: Dilemma Over Nonalignment 2.0 (SAGE Publications, 2020). pp. 203, ₹895. ISBN 978-9353286422.
Care coordination as a collaborative element of recovery oriented services for persons with severe mental illness
Authors: Isaacs Anton N 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To propose a model where care coordination can form part of recovery oriented care when it is included as a collaborative element of services for persons with severe mental illness. Conclusion: A recovery-oriented service requires more than clinical interventions. It also needs to address social determinants and be individualised or person centred. Multiple health and community services need to be involved. A care coordination model is capable of addressing multiple needs. It gives the client the first and foremost voice. It facilitates intersectoral collaboration, reduces the burden on clinical mental health services and is supported by mental health and community service personnel.
Burnout: modeling, measuring, and managing
Authors: Parker Gordon , Tavella Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

Objective: As burnout has been neglected in medical and psychiatric education, we seek to provide a summary overview. Methods: We extract salient findings from the published literature and offer some challenges. Results: We critique the current principal model of burnout, argue for broadening the symptom constructs and for a diathesis-stress model where a perfectionistic personality style is a key predisposing factor, and observe that burnout is not limited by those in formal work. We argue that burnout is not synonymous with depression, overview biological underpinnings, and summarise a three-fold management model. Conclusion: As many burnout patients are referred to psychiatrists, awareness of its symptom pattern and management nuances is of key importance.
Barriers for Implementing the Hub and Spoke Model to Expand Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: A Case Study of Montana
Authors: Green Brandn , Rhubart Danielle Christine , Filteau Matthew R 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) varies across the rural-urban continuum. The Hub & Spoke Model (H&S) emerged to address these gaps in service whereby hubs with staff expertise in MOUD support delivery of specialized care to a network of spoke locations, often located in rural communities with workforce shortages. This paper presents a case study of efforts to implement the hub and spoke model in a frontier and rural (FAR) state: Montana. Methods: The primary data are structured interviews with 65 MOUD program staff in hub and spoke locations within Montana. Both inductive and deductive coding were used to analyze the transcripts. Findings: Using the H&S structure to expand access to MOUD in Montana led to mixed results. There were consistent themes identified in the interviews about the reasons why hubs struggled to successfully recruit spokes, including (1) geographic barriers, (2) a lack of interest among medical providers, (3) fears about excessive demand, (4) concerns about the financial viability of the model, and (5) a preference for informal technical assistance rather than a formal H&S relationship. In addition to these 5 themes, efforts to implement H&S across different medical systems were unsuccessful, whereas the H&S model worked more effectively when H&S locations were within the same organization. Conclusion: This case study identified limits to the H&S model utility in supporting states’ abilities to expand access to MOUD treatment and offers suggestions for adapting it to accommodate variation across divergent rural contexts. We conclude with recommendations for strategies that may assist in expansion of MOUD in rural communities that are like those found in Montana.
Role of dynamic water rivulets in the excitation of rain–wind-induced cable vibration: A critical review
Authors: Gao Donglai , Li Wenjie , Jing Haiquan , Wang Jian , Wu Jintuan , Chen Wenli , Hui Li 
Published: August 2021

It has been more than 30 years since Hikami Y and Shiraishi N (1988) Rain–wind-induced vibrations of cable-stayed bridges. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 29: 409–418 first reported the rain–wind-induced vibration (RWIV) of stay cables in the construction stage of Meikonishi Bridge, Japan. After that, considerable research efforts have been devoted to understanding the RWIV of stay cables, and the role of the upper rivulet has been gradually realized and studied. This study presents a selective review on recent progress of RWIV and its controversial excitation mechanism. The available knowledge and up-to-date understanding of this complex fluid-structure interaction are presented in some detail. The formation, dynamics of water rivulet, and its role in affecting the near-wall boundary layer properties and in the excitation scenario of RWIV are of particular interest in this study. Finally, some limitations of previous studies are concluded, with some perspective suggestions for further study of excitation mechanism of RWIV.
The meaning and experience of gratitude for people living with dementia
Authors: Pearson Martha , Clarke Chris , Wolverson Emma 
Published: August 2021

Rationale Supporting people to live well with dementia is an international government priority. People living with dementia experience a range of positive emotions despite the challenges associated with dementia. Further research is needed to explore how these positive experiences can be fostered to support well-being. There is empirical evidence of the benefits of gratitude in other clinical groups, but no studies have explored how gratitude is experienced by people living with dementia. Methods In this mixed-methods study, eight people living with dementia shared their experiences of gratitude through interviews and gratitude diaries. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Quantitative data regarding diary use were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings and Conclusions Gratitude holds interpersonal and transpersonal meanings for people living with dementia, balanced with challenges of dementia and ageing. This study offers insight into the existence and relevance of gratitude for people living with dementia, highlighting the importance of using multiple methods in dementia research. Positive psychology interventions informed by these findings may be effective in supporting well-being for people with dementia.