bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of daylight in local hospitals design
Authors: Alboadam Hasan Shakir M. , Mohamed Younas Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Environmental sustainability is one of the most important, and one of the sustainability criteria is Daylight that trying to provide it in hospital spaces and which improve the patients status(healing of patients), by looking at studies concerned with the role of Daylight in the design of local hospitals, we find a knowledge gap emerged regarding the lack of studies that dealt with the design of Daylight in local hospitals and its effect on the healing of patients (a special problem for the research). The goal of the research is to determine the role of Daylight in hospital design. Research hypothesis: the Daylight affect the healing of patients at local hospitals by achieving comfortable zone at patient room and this affected by the orientation of these rooms and relationships between the location of head of patient and the TV wall at these rooms, in the practical side we select two hospitals and prepare the sites measurements by using LUX meter instrument, In this aspect, the intensity of the light and the indicators associated with it were measured, as a group of patients rooms were elected on multiple facades of the hospital building, as these rooms were numbered and their location in the plans based on the numbering system in the hospitals and then the details of the room were determined dimensions, the window’s location and its relationship with the bed, the location of the patient’s head in the room and the location of the TV wall (the front facing the patient’s head), as a mock net was drawn 95 cm from the ground level and the net was 50 cm away from the walls and the distance between One point and another is approximately 85 cm in both directions, and a mock square grid (2 meters * 2 meters) was drawn on the wall opposite the patient’s head (the TV wall) and the distance between one point and another is 50 cm. If the hospitals’ engineering plans were obtained, then the rooms for the patients’ rest were elected in the wards, provided that every two rooms were facing each other in the same wing after the sun’s movement was determined. The direction of those rooms was determined. The research reached a number of conclusions on designing natural lighting in local hospitals and determining within measures specific to the Iraqi environment. The most important conclusions of the eastern and southern directive were the orientation of the eastern and southern patient rooms to better rooms for patients, which in turn helps to heal patients.
City architecture after war: a study of the impact of the war event on the architecture of the city of Mosul
Authors: Salman Abdullah Saadoon , Hussein Anwar Fadhil , Nassif Haidar Adnan , Kadhim Ibrahim Jawad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research discusses the impact of the events represented in the act of war that occurs on the urban system of cities, which leads to a forced shift in its morphology due to the collapse of important landmarks after the end of the event. The urban programs work with cities destroyed by wars with them in terms of commitment and liberation in a way that restores the identity to the place and is restore the life that was lost due to the war. Or urban programs work to forge new relationships whose basis is the new positions that emerged after the war, and which constitute a new history for the city. The new urban positions carry a double architectural value, because they express two important events: the first in considering it a distinctive landmark that was essential in the emergence of the city, the second, considering this landmark was affected by the war, which led to its demise or losing a large part of its elements. The research problem arose in the presence of the need to activate and revive the landmarks and sites on which the city was formed and the places affected by the act of war, in a way that the recipient can read the event of the war in the city’s architecture, and the research aims at reading the war event in the city’s architecture and the strategies that integrate the archaic sites with the sites produced by the event of the war.
The Impact of Habitat changes on the Mesopotamian Marshlands Fishery from 2003 to 2018
Authors: Hussain Najah A. , Resen Amjed K. , Reiss Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article demonstrates how deliberate and unintended interventions can have a disastrous impact on a once flourishing ecosystem. Iraq’s southern marshlands were historically the richest inland fishing ground in the Middle East and Southwest Asia. During the 1960s, fish catches in the marshes consisted of only native species, but decisions by the government to drain the marshlands in the 1990s had cataclysmic results. By 2006, fish catches were largely exotic species. In 2018, the catches in all three marshes were dominated by exotic tilapia and carp species and one of the three marshes was shifting from a freshwater to an estuarine ecosystem. Some native species are dangerously dwindling in number, and others have disappeared entirely. Key reasons for the change include the introduction and spread of exotic species, deterioration of water quality and quantity due to upstream withdrawals, and illegal fishing methods. Many native fish species were rare or very rare in 2018, although they had been fished frequently in 2006, especially in Huwaizah and central marshes. East Hammar marsh differs from the other two for the presence of four migratory marine species that were not seen in 2006 and were becoming very common in 2018.
Levels of some Heavy Elements in Tissues and Shells of Aquatic Mollusca (Viviparous and Anodonta) in Baghdad City, Iraq.
Authors: Jasim Israa. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Some heavy elements accumulated levels, such as Lead, Zinc, Copper, Iron, Cobalt, Cadmium and Mercury were measured in molluscs that inhabitant the irrigation channel of University of Baghdad in AL- Jadriya districts. The shells and tissues of two Molluscs groups, gastropods genus Viviparous and bivalve genus Anodonta, as well as samples of gastropods eggs and water, were analyzing. The results showed that the highest concentration of Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Iron were recorded in Viviparous shells compared to Anodonta shells, but both Cadmium and Cobalt concentrations were identical in both genera shells, any presence of mercury was not recorded in any of these samples. The tissue samples recorded a rise in Zinc and Copper concentration in Viviparous in comparison with Anodonta, but the Lead, Iron and Cadmium concentrations recorded the highest values in Anodonta. Both elements Cobalt and Mercury concentration showed a similarity in both genera. The gastropods eggs were recorded high concentrations of heavy elements as follows Iron (550.00 ±0.57), Lead (128.00±0.57), Zinc (54. ±000.57), Copper (84.00±0.57), Cadmium (0.300±0.05), Cobalt (0.050±0.01) and Mercury (0.001±0.00) ppm. But water samples showed low concentrations in these elements, Iron (0.200±0.05), Lead (0.033±0.008), Zinc (0.025±0.001), Copper (0.008±0.001), Cadmium (0.004±0.001) and Cobalt (0.001±0.00) ppm.
Experimental study of porcelain and toughened glass suspension insulators under desert contamination
Authors: Al-Mahdawi Emad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of porcelain and toughened glass suspension insulators artificially polluted with desert contamination is investigated experimentally. The withstand flashover voltage (FOV), and equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) of desert contaminated insulators have been studied and reported. Artificial pollution testing was carried out, and desert contaminations were prepared in advance for four solutions (NaCl, CaSO4, KCl, and CaO) of different concentration levels to investigate the influence of desert contamination on the insulators of transmission lines. The flashover analyses are completed on 11 kV insulators with artificial pollution coatings. The contaminations materials are (a) Desert Salt Pollution-Dry pollution (b) Natural Fog Condition. Results have proven that flashover voltage decreased with the increase in the dry dessert pollution level at constant pressure and temperature condition. However, the study has also revealed that in the case of natural fog conditions, the flashover voltage of porcelain and toughened glass disc insulator became much lower than the dry test. From the results, it can be detected that engineers can predict and plan for the maintenance schedule of the poor performance of the insulators under different effluence environmental conditions. The study tested the effect of AC voltage flashover on the suspension insulators. However, the DC voltage is suggested to be used and results to be compared with the current study.
Unsteady state contaminants transport in sandy mediums using CFD model
Authors: Hussein Nibras Q , Muhsun Sadiq S. , Al-Sharify Zainab T , Hamad Huda T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to provide a CFD simulation model to simulate the transfer of pollutants through sandy soils. A physical model and simulation model were designed and implemented with the help of CFD programs using COMSOL 5.4 software to study the process of transporting pollutants within the porous medium. To study the pollutant transmission in the porous media, a sand size of less than 0.36 mm diameters was used as porous media. For an analysis of the problem, several groups of factors were considered and assumed. The first group concerned with the physical properties of the media likes coefficient of adoption Kd. The second group represented the hydraulic factor of flow likes velocity. The results of the physical and CFD models showed there is a clear effect of soil physical properties due to the coefficient of adsorption Kd action. The velocity has a significant effect on the concentrations of pollutants and the time of transmission where the lower velocities produce lower concentrations and delayed transport of pollutants in the soil. The CFD simulated model showed that the change in the Kd-value has a significant impact on the results. The study also showed a good agreement between the results of the laboratory work provided by the physical model and that of the CFD model depending on several statistical indexes. This indicates that the CFD models could be considered as an efficient tool to simulate the complex problems of contaminates transport through a porous medium.
Solid Waste Characterization at University of Technology-Iraq - Step for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mohammed Thamer J. , ALMukhtar Riyadh. , Elias Niran M. , Fakhri Layla , Sameer Abeer , Dawoud Eveleen A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a healthy life, and exhausts natural resources. Major steps must be taken to initiate a new human manner and habits to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste as a part of sustainable development. This research discusses the activity initiate at the Chemical Engineering Department - University of Technology - Baghdad /Iraq to engage faculty members and students at solid waste management’s approaches through adopt classification and sorting of the solid waste at the source. The second stage was to analyze the amounts and types of accumulated solid waste at the chemical engineering department building for one semester starting from 1st February to 30th June. In the same year, the waste examination was recorded each week. The final stage was a questionnaire to some participants (faculty, staff, and students) to investigate staff reluctance to be involved actively in solid waste sorting and motivate more university staff to participate in waste sorting at the source. The results show that the separated solid waste material represented only 35% of the department’s total generated waste through the research period. The total weight of the characterized waste was 448 Kg. Waste paper is the largest percentage of waste with a total weight (155.5 kg), followed by organic (110 kg), plastic (100 kg) and metal (82.5 kg). This research encouraged students to engage in reuse / recycle programs. They formed groups. The first group produced fuel oil from waste plastic by pyrolysis. The second student’s group converted waste paper to card paper.
Adsorption of heavy metal ions using activated carbon derived from Eichhornia (water hyacinth)
Authors: Salman Sami D. , Rasheed Israa M. , Mohammed Alaa K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Removal of heavy metal ions such as, cadmium ion (Cd 2+) and lead ion (Pb 2+) from aqueous solution onto Eichhornia (water hyacinth) activated carbon (EAC) by physiochemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the activating agents were investigated. The Eichhornia activated carbon was characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Whereas, the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time of pH, and metal ion concentration on the adsorption process have been investigated using the batch process technique. The kinetic data of the adsorption were fitted with the pseudo-first order and, pseudo-second-order models as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results were found to be well fitted with pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models. The results also reveal that activated carbon derived from Eichhornia was an efficient adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from solutions whereas, the maximum sorption capacities of the Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions were detected as 102 and 49.5 (mg/g), respectively.
Reusing industrial iron wastes in production of ferrous Sulphate that utilizes in manufacturing of food supplements by selective leaching method
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Abdulateef 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter do the research in variety sources for get some information about food supplement which belong to ferrous Sulphate and how can get this material that got from industrial material waste by selective leaching method, by reaction between industrial waste of iron with sulfuric acid. Iron waste used here got from work shop. After preparation these wastes then processing and recycling by dissolving these industrial wastes in sulfuric acid. According to standard diagrams of X-ray diffraction (XRD) for ferrous Sulphate found that results of ferrous Sulphate are conformable. Besides hydrogen gas was resulted from that reaction as by-product and utilizable. Thereupon the environment protection from industrial wastes will be done. In addition, this method does not consume electrical energy, and industrial iron waste is invested in it instead of using expensive iron ores, meaning it is an economical method that supports the environment and sustainability.
Evaluate the Antifungal and detoxification activity of silver nanoparticles prepared with the Curcuma plant extract against Aflatoxin B1 in broiler feed.
Authors: Al-zubaidi Labeeb Ahmed , Wsain Shurooq Mahmood , Ibrahim Suha Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe research was carried out in the laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology/Iraq. Green nanoparticles were prepared using turmeric (Curcuma plant) extracted by using biological methods and were characterized by using some techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and zeta potential Analyzer. The results showed that the spherical particles were shown individually or in the aggregate, crystalline, and the value zeta voltage at -33.22 mV. The inhibition activity of green nanoparticles was tested againstAspergillus flavusgrowth and compared with Basten fungicide as a comparison treatment and negative control sample. The results of nanoparticles showed high inhibitor activity in the 590.33 ppm concentration compared to negative control and comparative treatment in concentration 750 ppm. Feeds contaminated withA. flavusisolate were treated with cur. AgNPs at 590.33 ppm for a four-week (incubation period) and Aflatoxin B1. The results showed no Aflatoxin in feed samples were treated with nanoparticles while showing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 38 ppb in control samples. To study the effect of cur. AgNPs against the fungal toxicity in meat broilers feeding to feeding contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 by using some blood and histopathological signs of bird’s liver. The results showed the nanoparticles treatment samples significant superiority compared with the positive control (contaminated with Aflatoxin B1) (p ≤0.01), and no significant differences with control treatment (feed free from any addition). We conclude that the use of green nanoparticles (Curcuma longa L.)produced by biological method as good alternatives to fungicides that harmful to public health and inhibitory activity ofA. flavusand prevent the production of Aflatoxin B1 and improve the blood and histopathological signs of birds.
Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI): A case study of the Tigris River, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mayah Wisam Thamer , Maiws Al-Mayyahi Sattar Obaid , Al-Shammary Sarteel Hamid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work deals with the monitoring and assessment of water quality of the Tigris River within Baghdad. Samples were taken monthly from September 2018 till August 2019 for a year, from eleven sites in Baghdad city. The National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSF-WQI) values of river water deteriorated from “medium” to “bad” to “very bad” in almost all the eleven sampling sites. The water quality is found to be most deteriorate during the summer season with an average NSF-WQI value of 34.9 as compared to spring, winter and autumn seasons, having an average NSF-WQI value of 40.8, 43.1 and 44, respectively. Out of the eleven sampling sites, Al-Wathba site (S7) and Al-Rasheed site (S11) is observed to be the most polluted sites. The metal pollution index (MI) model is categorized the water quality of the Tigris as seriously affected where the Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb), are prominent parameters and most deteriorated in this model. Based on these indices, it is concluded that industrial facilities, city wastewater and intensives communities that living along the river bank are negatively affecting the water quality of the Tigris River.
An Experimental Study on Investigating and Controlling Salt Wedge Propagation
Authors: Al-Fuady Mohammed Faisel , Azzubaidi Riyadh Zuhair 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the variation of profiles and propagation of salt wedge. It also aims to investigate the use of air and water curtains in controlling its propagation. A laboratory flume system was prepared to simulate the propagation of the salt wedge. Relations between the profiles and propagation of salt wedge and the discharge of fresh water, longitudinal slope of bed of flume, the concentration of the salt, and the depth of salt water were obtained and analysed. Seventy-seven experiment runs were carried out to investigate the propagation of salt wedge. Moreover, a set of sixteen experimental runs were conducted to investigate controlling the salt wedge using air or water curtains. It was found that by increasing the discharge of fresh water or the slope of the flume bed leads to a reduction in the length of the salt wedge. This reduction reached a maximum percentage of 95%. The propagation of the salt wedge varies proportionally and linearly with the concentration of salt water and its variation with depth of salt water follows a power function. Furthermore, a maximum reduction of 87% was achieved in the salt wedge propagation when the EC is reduced by about 49%. The salt wedge propagation was reduced by 95.3%% when the salt water depth reduced by 40%. It was found that both of the air and water curtains are efficient methods in controlling the propagation of salt wedge. A minimum discharge of air or water curtains to prevent the propagation of the salt wedge was obtained.
Evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity for MSW using pilot plant test- A case study of Baghdad city/Iraq
Authors: Al-Isawi Rawaa , Idan Intidhar Jabir , Hassan Afrah Abood , AlZubaidi Hussein A M , Al-Kulabi Nahedh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been regarded as core factors affecting landfills’ flows. To successfully design and applied, information on the conductivity of MSW is required. A laboratory examination of MSW’s hydraulic conductivity in Baghdad City is presented in this study and assesses the influence of waste compaction on hydraulic conductivity parameter. A hydraulic conductivity test was carried out in a laboratory-scale cell using three mixtures of fresh shredded MSW samples ‘SAM1’, ‘SAM2’ and ‘SAM3’ collected from the households Baghdad City. The saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity was quantified according to different types of compactions using a falling head test. A clear trend of decreasing hydraulic conductivity with increasing compaction degree was highlighted after the monitoring process, reflecting the impact of varying waste densities and fine particles’ movement in the column. This experiment shows that the average hydraulic conductivity values at 50, 70, and 90 degrees of compaction were 1.23×10-4 m/s, 0.96×10-4 m/s, and 2.55×10-5 m/s, respectively. The results distinctly showed that the MSW’s hydraulic conductivity could be significantly affected by vertical compaction that is fundamentally attributed to accretion in density resulting in the low void ratio.
Variation of non-diatomic algae in a martyr monument lake under different climate factors
Authors: Al-Magdamy Buthaina A.H. , Al-Salman Ibrahim M.A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study was conducted in the environment of the Martyr Monument Lake in the city center of Baghdad during 2019 to monitor the impact of climatic conditions such as drought, water shortage, high temperatures in the environment of the city and the lack of water flow during the years 2015 to 2018 and their effects on some of the physical and chemical factors of water and the dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the lake environment. Heterogeneity of some studied environmental factors, including air and water temperature, permeability, water depth, pH, DO, BOD5, nutrients, nitrate, NO3, and phosphates were found. The results showed the effect of climate change and the presence of organic pollution in addition to the influence of the nature of sites. Sampling on the studied characteristics, which in turn affected the phytoplankton community. The results showed the fluctuations in the rates of air and water temperature, which were between 17 - 41 ° C and 10 - 32 ° C, respectively, as well as the fluctuation of light transmittance rates and water depth according to the different stations and seasons, as they ranged between 0.12-57.02 cm and 120.5- 289.30cm. The pond water was characterized by being neutral and tilted to alkaline in terms of pH 7.0-9.1. The values of dissolved oxygen and vital oxygen requirement rise in winter and gradually decreased in spring and autumn, and the lowest values in summer were 2.4-15.13 mg / liter 0.4-10.6 mg / liter, respectively. The changes in nitrate values rise in winter and decreased in summer in all locations, where they ranged between 2.2 - 12.4 mg, in contrast to phosphate, it increased in the summer winter 0.0033 - 0.5 mg / liter. The qualitative study of phytoplankton identified 125 species belonging to 46 genera. It belongs to 5 classes in which the class of green algae prevailed with 69 species, followed by blue-green algae (39 species), while Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta recorded 7 species each, while the Cryptophyta algae recorded only 3 types. The study showed that the decrease in the water level and the fluctuation of temperature led to an increase in blue-green algae in areas of organic pollution in which some species such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria spp. Causing the appearance of unpleasant odors and the secretion of deadly toxins to the aqueous medium.