bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on liver function among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat , Yarhosseini Faezeh , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Ranjbar Alimohammad , Akhondi‐Meybodi Mohsen , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan 
Published: July 2021

This double‐blind randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate impact of Cornus mas L. fruit extract (CMFE) on liver function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty patients were randomly assigned into the CMFE and placebo groups to receive 20 ml of the extract or placebo for 12 weeks, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cytokeratin 18 (CK‐18) levels, and steatosis and fibrosis scores were examined before and after the intervention. Although, a significant decrease was observed in CK‐18 levels among the CMFE group (288.80 ± 85.40 vs. 235.66 ± 60.38; p = .001) after 12 weeks, no significant difference was found between the two groups. Moreover, a significant increase in fibrosis score in the placebo group (8.20 (6.35–9.40) vs. 8.40 (7.70–13.00); p = .03) as well as a significant difference in this marker (CMEF: 7.64 (6.30–8.25); placebo: 8.40 (7.70–13.00); p = .02) and its changes (CMEF: 0.60 (−1.00–1.07); placebo: 0.80 (−0.25–3.95); p = .02) were found between the groups after 12 weeks. No significant effect was noted on other variables. Therefore, consuming CMFE might have some beneficial effects on liver function markers in NAFLD. However, more studies are required in this area.
Asynchronous admissibility and fault detection for delayed implicit Markovian switching systems under hidden Markovian model mechanism
Authors: Zhuang Guangming , Xia Jianwei , Sun Wei , Feng Jun‐e , Ma Qian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is intended to deal with the problem of asynchronous admissibility and fault detection (FD) for time‐varying delay implicit Markovian switching systems (IMSSs) under hidden Markovian model (HMM) mechanism. The fundamental purpose is to design asynchronous FD filter such that the implicit Markovian switching residual system is stochastically admissible (including regular, impulse‐free, and stochastically stable) and satisfies the performance index. By constructing mode‐dependent and delay‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, improved conditions of asynchronous FD filtering are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The retarded mode‐dependent time‐varying delay is considered in this work when coping with admissibility of IMSSs, asynchronous FD for IMSSs is realized by virtue of designing asynchronous filter under HMM mechanism and fault weighting strategy. Simulation examples including an oil catalytic cracking process with multicycle incipient fault are provided to corroborate the validity and usefulness of the addressed asynchronous FD technique.
Effect of Rice Starch Hydrolysis and Esterification Processes on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films
Authors: Martins Paola Chaves , Martins Vilásia Guimarães 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymers such as starch are promising in the substitution of synthetic polymers in food packaging, but they present some inferior physicochemical properties. The chemical modification of starch can reduce the limitations of these polymers and make them suitable for packaging production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elaborate, evaluate, and characterize biodegradable films produced from rice starch modified by hydrolysis and esterification processes. Rice starch hydrolyzed with 0.1 and 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and rice starch esterified with 2% and 10% citric acid (CA) are used to produce the packages. The films are characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, optical characteristics, structural and thermal properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS), and hydrophobicity. Films formulated from hydrolyzed starch show an increase in tensile strength (TS) (11.17 MPa) when compared to the control (1.83 MPa). In addition, the films obtained from hydrolyzed starch present lower solubility (15.6%) and higher relative crystallinity (RC) (71.6%) when compared to the control. The films produced by esterified starch show greater surface hydrophobility with a contact angle of 72.6° while the control shows an angle of 45.8°. Based on the above, the esterified and hydrolyzed starches are promising for the development of sustainable packaging.
Multi‐ligamentous injury of the carpus with dislocation of the ulnar styloid in a dog
Authors: Renner Carina , Medl Nikola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 3‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog was presented with acute onset of non‐weight bearing right thoracic limb lameness. Radiographs revealed dislocation of the ulnar styloid and a small slab fracture of the medial cortex of the distal ulna. Moderate medial and mild lateral instability without hyperextension were detected, and carpal bone fractures were excluded on stress radiographs and computed tomography. The surgical repositioning of the ulnar bone revealed multiple torn ligaments. To reinforce primary repair, the collateral ligaments were augmented medially and laterally using screws, washers and synthetic suture material. Postoperatively, external coaptation, followed by a soft neoprene brace, was used for further rehabilitation. Seven months postoperatively, the dog exhibited pre‐traumatic function. There is no proper classification for multi‐ligamentous injuries, and little is known regarding the long‐term outcomes and limitations of primary carpal ligament repair. In this case, medial and lateral ligament prostheses provided a feasible treatment option with excellent outcomes.
MRI features of a presumed noncolloidal intraventricular cyst in a young cat
Authors: Fantaconi Nicoletta , Sánchez Masián Daniel , Anderson Davina , Agthe Petra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 5‐month‐old, male entire, Abyssinian cat was referred for investigation of 1‐week history of lethargy and suspected neck pain. Neurological examination revealed severe obtunded mentation, intermittent opisthotonic posture, ambulatory tetraparesis, positional vertical nystagmus and neck hyperesthesia. Haematology and biochemistry profile were within normal limits. MRI of the head revealed bilateral ventriculomegaly of the lateral ventricles. The left ventricle was more severely dilated and contained a large intraventricular cyst‐like structure bordered by a thin membrane. The cystic lesion caused a marked mass effect with mild‐line shift, cerebellar compression as well as caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. A congenital intraventricular cyst was suspected based on MRI findings.
Global constraints on neutral-current generalized neutrino interactions
Authors: Escrihuela F. J. , Flores L. J. , Miranda O. G. , Rendón Javier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study generalized neutrino interactions (GNI) for several neutrino processes, including neutrinos from electron-positron collisions, neutrino-electron scattering, and neutrino deep inelastic scattering. We constrain scalar, pseudoscalar, and tensor new physics effective couplings, based on the standard model effective field theory at low energies. We have performed a global analysis for the different effective couplings. We also present the different individual constraints for each effective parameter (scalar, pseudoscalar, and tensor). Being a global analysis, we show robust results for the restrictions on the different GNI parameters and improve some of these bounds.
Proper static potential in classical lattice gauge theory at finite T
Authors: Lehmann Alexander , Rothkopf Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We compute the proper real-time interaction potential between a static quark and antiquark in classical lattice gauge theory at finite temperature. Our central result is the determination of the screened real-part of this potential, and we reconfirm the presence of an imaginary part. The real part is intimately related to the back-reaction of the static sources onto the gauge fields, incorporated via Gauss’s law. Differences in the treatment of static sources in quantum and classical lattice gauge theory are discussed.
The interplay of DAMPs, TLR4, and proinflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bolourani Siavash , Brenner Max , Wang Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by progressive deposition of connective tissue, leading to a steady restriction of lung elasticity, a decline in lung function, and a median survival of 4.5 years. The leading causes of pulmonary fibrosis are inhalation of foreign particles (such as silicosis and pneumoconiosis), infections (such as post COVID-19), autoimmune diseases (such as systemic autoimmune diseases of the connective tissue), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The therapeutics currently available for pulmonary fibrosis only modestly slow the progression of the disease. This review is centered on the interplay of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17) as they contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and the possible avenues to develop effective therapeutics that disrupt this interplay.
A Trimethylguanosine Synthase1-like (TGS1) homologue is implicated in vernalisation and flowering time control
Authors: Taylor Candy M. , Garg Gagan , Berger Jens D. , Ribalta Federico M. , Croser Janine S. , Singh Karam B. , Cowling Wallace A. , Kamphuis Lars G. , Nelson Matthew N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Key message
A plant-specificTrimethylguanosine Synthase1-likehomologue was identified as a candidate gene for theeflmutation in narrow-leafed lupin, which alters phenology by reducing vernalisation requirement.

Abstract
The vernalisation pathway is a key component of flowering time control in plants from temperate regions but is not well understood in the legume family. Here we examined vernalisation control in the temperate grain legume species, narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and discovered a candidate gene for an ethylene imine mutation (efl). The efl mutation changes phenology from late to mid-season flowering and additionally causes transformation from obligate to facultative vernalisation requirement. The efl locus was mapped to pseudochromosome NLL-10 in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population developed by accelerated single seed descent. Candidate genes were identified in the reference genome, and a diverse panel of narrow-leafed lupins was screened to validate mutations specific to accessions with efl. A non-synonymous SNP mutation within an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase protein domain of a Trimethylguanosine Synthase1-like (TGS1) orthologue was identified as the candidate mutation giving rise to efl. This mutation caused substitution of an amino acid within an established motif at a position that is otherwise highly conserved in several plant families and was perfectly correlated with the efl phenotype in F2 and F6 genetic population and a panel of diverse accessions, including the original efl mutant. Expression of the TGS1 homologue did not differ between wild-type and efl genotypes, supporting altered functional activity of the gene product. This is the first time a TGS1 orthologue has been associated with vernalisation response and flowering time control in any plant species.
A hierarchical clustering method for random intervals based on a similarity measure
Authors: Ramos-Guajardo Ana Belén 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new clustering method for random intervals that are measured in the same units over the same group of individuals is provided. It takes into account the similarity degree between the expected values of the random intervals that can be analyzed by means of a two-sample similarity bootstrap test. Thus, the expectations of each pair of random intervals are compared through that test and a p-value matrix is finally obtained. The suggested clustering algorithm considers such a matrix where each p-value can be seen at the same time as a kind of similarity between the random intervals. The algorithm is iterative and includes an objective stopping criterion that leads to statistically similar clusters that are different from each other. Some simulations to show the empirical performance of the proposal are developed and the approach is applied to two real-life situations.
Cannabidiol (CBD) as a novel treatment in the early phases of psychosis
Authors: Chesney Edward , Oliver Dominic , McGuire Philip 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pharmacological interventions available for individuals in the early stages of psychosis are extremely limited. For those at clinical high risk for psychosis, there is no licensed treatment available. For those with first-episode psychosis, all licensed antipsychotic medications act via dopamine D2 receptors. While treatment with antipsychotics is transformative in some patients, in others, it is ineffective. In addition, these medications can often cause adverse effects which make patients reluctant to take them. This is a particular problem in the early phases of psychosis, when patients are being treated for the first time, as unpleasant experiences may colour their future attitude towards treatment. Recent research has suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a compound found in the Cannabis sativa plant, may have antipsychotic effects and relatively few adverse effects and could therefore be an ideal treatment for the early phases of psychosis, when minimising adverse effects is a clinical priority. In this review, we consider CBD’s potential as a treatment in the clinical high risk and first-episode stages of psychosis. First, we describe the limitations of existing treatments at these two stages. We then describe what is known of CBD’s mechanisms of action, effectiveness as a treatment for psychosis, adverse effects and acceptability to patients. We discuss how some of the outstanding issues about the utility of CBD in the early phases of psychosis may be resolved through ongoing clinical trials. Finally, we consider the impact of recreational cannabis use and over-the-counter cannabinoids preparations and discuss the potential therapeutic role of other compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system in psychosis.
Comparative performance of MRI-derived PRECISE scores and delta-radiomics models for the prediction of prostate cancer progression in patients on active surveillance
Authors: Sushentsev Nikita , Rundo Leonardo , Blyuss Oleg , Nazarenko Tatiana , Suvorov Aleksandr , Gnanapragasam Vincent J , Sala Evis , Barrett Tristan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the performance of the PRECISE scoring system against several MRI-derived delta-radiomics models for predicting histopathological prostate cancer (PCa) progression in patients on active surveillance (AS).

Methods
The study included AS patients with biopsy-proven PCa with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and at least one repeat targeted biopsy. Histopathological progression was defined as grade group progression from diagnostic biopsy. The control group included patients with both radiologically and histopathologically stable disease. PRECISE scores were applied prospectively by four uro-radiologists with 5–16 years’ experience. T2WI- and ADC-derived delta-radiomics features were computed using baseline and latest available MRI scans, with the predictive modelling performed using the parenclitic networks (PN), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and random forests (RF) algorithms. Standard measures of discrimination and areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were calculated, with AUCs compared using DeLong’s test.

Results
The study included 64 patients (27 progressors and 37 non-progressors) with a median follow-up of 46 months. PRECISE scores had the highest specificity (94.7%) and positive predictive value (90.9%), whilst RF had the highest sensitivity (92.6%) and negative predictive value (92.6%) for predicting disease progression. The AUC for PRECISE (84.4%) was non-significantly higher than AUCs of 81.5%, 78.0%, and 80.9% for PN, LASSO regression, and RF, respectively (p = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.57, respectively). No significant differences were observed between AUCs of the three delta-radiomics models (p-value range 0.34–0.77).

Conclusions
PRECISE and delta-radiomics models achieved comparably good performance for predicting PCa progression in AS patients.

Key Points
• The observed high specificity and PPV of PRECISE are complemented by the high sensitivity and NPV of delta-radiomics, suggesting a possible synergy between the two image assessment approaches.
• The comparable performance of delta-radiomics to PRECISE scores applied by expert readers highlights the prospective use of the former as an objective and standardisable quantitative tool for MRI-guided AS follow-up.
• The marginally superior performance of parenclitic networks compared to conventional machine learning algorithms warrants its further use in radiomics research.
P300 and delay-discounting in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Flasbeck Vera , Enzi Björn , Andreou Christina , Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious research showed that dysfunctions of fronto-striatal neural networks are implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Accordingly, patients with OCD showed altered performances during decision-making tasks. As P300, evoked by oddball paradigms, is suggested to be related to attentional and cognitive processes and generated in the medial temporal lobe and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, it is of special interest in OCD research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate P300 in OCD and its associations with brain activity during decision-making: P300, evoked by an auditory oddball paradigm, was analysed in 19 OCD patients and 19 healthy controls regarding peak latency, amplitude and source density power in parietal cortex areas by sLORETA. Afterwards, using a fMRI paradigm, Blood–oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast imaging was conducted during a delay-discounting paradigm. We hypothesised differences between groups regarding P300 characteristics and associations with frontal activity during delay-discounting. The P300 did not differ between groups, however, the P300 latency over the P4 electrode correlated negatively with the NEO-FFI score openness to experience in patients with OCD. In healthy controls, P300 source density power correlated with activity in frontal regions when processing rewards, a finding which was absent in OCD patients. To conclude, associations of P300 with frontal brain activation during delay-discounting were found, suggesting a contribution of attentional or context updating processes. Since this association was absent in patients with OCD, the findings could be interpreted as being indeed related to dysfunctions of fronto-striatal neural networks in patients with OCD.
Safety of alemtuzumab in a nationwide cohort of Finnish multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Rauma Ilkka , Mustonen Tiina , Seppä Juha Matti , Ukkonen Maritta , Männikkö Marianne , Verkkoniemi-Ahola Auli , Kartau Marge , Saarinen Jukka T. , Luostarinen Liisa , Simula Sakari , Ryytty Mervi , Ahmasalo Riitta , Sipilä Jussi O. T. , Pieninkeroinen Ilkka , Tapiola Tero , Remes Anne M. , Kuusisto Hanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Alemtuzumab is an effective disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). However, safety concerns limit its use in clinical practice.

Objectives
To evaluate the safety of alemtuzumab in a nationwide cohort of Finnish MS patients.

Methods
In this retrospective case series study, we analyzed the data of all but two MS patients who had received alemtuzumab in Finland until 2019. Data were systematically collected from patient files.

Results
Altogether 121 patients were identified, most of whom had received previous DMTs (82.6%). Median follow-up time after treatment initiation was 30.3 months and exceeded 24 months in 78 patients. Infusion-associated reactions (IARs) were observed in 84.3%, 57.3%, and 57.1% of patients during alemtuzumab courses 1–3, respectively. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were observed in 32.2% of patients, serious IARs in 12.4% of patients, and SAEs other than IARs in 23.1% of patients. Autoimmune adverse events were observed in 30.6% of patients. One patient died of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and one patient died of pneumonia. A previously unreported case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was documented.

Conclusions
SAEs were more frequent in the present cohort than in previous studies. Even though alemtuzumab is a highly effective therapy for MS, vigorous monitoring with a long enough follow-up time is advised.
The surprising role of stimulus modality in the dual-task introspective blind spot: a memory account
Authors: Bryce Donna , Bratzke Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBeing able to accumulate accurate information about one’s own performance is important in everyday contexts, and arguably particularly so in complex multitasking contexts. Thus, the observation of a glaring gap in participants’ introspection regarding their own reaction time costs in a concurrent dual-task context is deserving of closer examination. This so-called introspective blind spot has been explained by a ‘consciousness bottleneck’ which states that while attention is occupied by one task, participants cannot consciously perceive another stimulus presented in that time. In the current study, a series of introspective Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) experiments were conducted to identify the determinants of an introspective blind spot; to our surprise, in half of the experiments participants appeared to be aware of their dual-task costs. A single trial analysis highlighted the sensory modality of the two stimuli within the trial as an important predictor of introspective accuracy, along with temporal gaps in the trial. The current findings call into question the claim that attention is required for conscious awareness. We propose a memory-based account of introspective processes in this context, whereby introspective accuracy is determined by the memory systems involved in encoding and rehearsing memory traces. This model of the conditions required to build up accurate representations of our performance may have far-reaching consequences for monitoring and introspection across a range of tasks.