bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traits explain sorting of C4 grasses along a global precipitation gradient
Authors: Jardine Emma C. , Thomas Gavin H. , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Species distributions are closely associated with moisture availability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Drought relations are especially important for plants such as C4 grasses that dominate seasonally dry ecosystems. Here, we test the hypothesis that C4 grass species sampled across global precipitation gradients show variation in survival under drought that can be explained by their traits.

Our experiment subjected 18 C4 grass species to a lethal drought under controlled environmental conditions. The number of days until death was measured, along with root traits, senescence, and aspects of hydraulic function.

We identified two strategies: Drought‐avoiding species that stayed green as the water potential declined and drought‐tolerating species that senesced more quickly but could extend survival via drought‐tolerant meristems.

Plants that stay‐green for longer occupied drier habitats and had the longest survival under drought, facilitated by narrow root diameter and isohydric stomatal behavior. Plants that senesced quickly had thicker roots, an anisohydric strategy, and occupied wetter habitats.

Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate.
Integrated effects of rainfall regime and canopy structure on interception loss: A comparative modelling analysis for an artificial larch forest
Authors: Tu Lihui , Xiong Wei , Wang Yanhui , Yu Pengtao , Liu Zebin , Han Xinsheng , Yu Yipeng , Shi Zhongjie , Guo Hao , Li Zhenhua , Wang Xiao , Xu Lihong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModel optimization is essential for accurately simulating rainfall interception loss (I) in artificial forests and for quantifying the influence of canopy structure, rainfall regime, and meteorological variables on I. Herein, the revised Gash (addressing physical mechanisms) and Wang (addressing canopy structural impacts) models were used for comparative I simulations using a larch plantation in NW China. We used throughfall (Tf) and stemflow (Sf) measurements from the growing seasons of three consecutive years and found that from the total rainfall measured (1371.6 mm) in 59 selected rain events, Tf, Sf, and I accounted for 80.8%, 1.6%, and 17.6%, respectively. Surprisingly, the two tested models showed similar behaviours in their I simulations, with their performances classified as “very good,” exhibiting 5% and 2.3% cumulative I relative errors for the revised Gash and Wang models, respectively. We noted that, although I was well simulated for light–moderate rain events (<25 mm), absolute errors increased significantly as rainfall amount and duration increased, owing to the constant evaporation rate applied in the models. Leaf area index (LAI) explained 40% of the water detention variation in the canopy, rather than I, which only reflected canopy storage capacity dynamics during the growing season. Collectively, our results revealed that models only addressing the independent impact of wet evaporation or structural dynamics are inadequate for accurately simulating I during heavy rain events (>25 mm). Therefore, future models should account for the potential errors arising from evaporation estimation and consider the effects of LAI.
Understanding community assembly rules in managed floodplain food webs
Authors: Corline Nicholas J. , Peek Ryan A. , Montgomery Jacob , Katz Jacob V. E. , Jeffres Carson A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCommunity assembly has been an important topic in ecological research and theory for over a century. Recently, restoration ecologists have emphasized the use of community assembly rules, such as environmental filtering, to better inform management actions. Although there has been a strong call for the use of community assembly rules in terrestrial restoration ecology, few studies have examined their potential use in providing habitat benefits such as food resources to native species in large‐scale managed aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we found evidence of deterministic community assembly mechanisms in zooplankton communities in floodplain and seasonally inundated off‐channel habitats in California’s Central Valley. Additionally, we found that all sampled off‐channel floodplain habitat types had similar zooplankton communities and that assembly in floodplain habitats was governed by variables associated with increased water residence time. This study is the first to determine community assembly rules in floodplain‐river ecosystems in order to assist managers in providing floodplain food‐web benefits to native fish and wildlife species at the landscape scale.
Tolerability of eptinezumab in overweight, obese or type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Baker Brian , Schaeffler Barbara , Hirman Joe , Hompesch Marcus , Pederson Susan , Smith Jeff 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn addition to its role in the pathogenesis of migraine, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion. However, there are limited data on the use of CGRP inhibitor monoclonal antibodies in individuals who are overweight/obese and those with diabetes.MethodsTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials were conducted to assess the safety and metabolic effects of eptinezumab in non‐migraine overweight/obese patients (study 1) and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D; study 2). The primary end‐point in overweight/obese patients was safety and changes in basal metabolic rate (BMR), defined as the energy expenditure during the fasting and resting states. In patients with T1D, the primary end‐points were safety and insulin sensitivity as assessed by the bodyweight and insulin concentration corrected glucose infusion rate (M/I).ResultsA total of 24 patients were enrolled in study 1, and 21 patients were enrolled in study 2. In overweight/obese patients, there was no significant difference in the least squares (LS) mean change in BMR between the eptinezumab‐ and placebo‐treated patients from baseline to day 7 (6.4 vs −25.2 Kcal/day; LS mean difference 31.6 [95% confidence interval −90.6, 153.8]). In patients with T1D, there was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the eptinezumab and placebo groups. Eptinezumab was well tolerated in both studies with a similar rate of adverse events between treatment groups, and no new safety signals were identified.ConclusionEptinezumab was well tolerated and not associated with adverse metabolic effects in patients who were overweight/obese or had T1D, providing ongoing support for the use of eptinezumab in these subgroups of patients with migraine.
Updated reference values in pelvic ultrasonography for a Spanish population of healthy girls between 6 and 12 years old
Authors: Villalobos Gálvez Marisa , Beltrán Salazar Viviana Patricia , Pérez Adell Mireia , Durán Feliubadalo Carmina , Corripio Raquel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPelvic ultrasonography (PUS) of the uterus and ovaries allows the diagnosis of changes in sexual development. However, the reference values used in Spain originate from old studies conducted in other countries.ObjectiveTo determine reference uterine and ovarian measurements by PUS and according to pubertal status and bone age in a Spanish population of healthy girls aged between 6 and 12 years.Materials and methodsDescriptive cross‐sectional study performed on 221 healthy girls from 2017 to 2019. Ovarian and uterine measurements were described and associated with chronological age, bone age, and Tanner stage. ROC curves were used to assess the predictive value of tests for Tanner stage II.ResultsWe described reference values for all PUS uterine and ovarian measurements assessed. Subjects in Tanner II (thelarche) had a mean age of 9.7 years (SD = 1.1) and mean BMI of 19.2 kg/m2. Fundal–cervical ratio changed from 1:1 to 2:1 at 12 years of chronological age (62.5% with 1:1 ratio; p < 0.0001) and 13 years of bone age (2:1 in 85.71%, p < 0.0001). Mean uterine length for Tanner II was 4.065 cm (SD = 0.736); mean ovarian volume was 2.466 cm3 (SD = 1.719). Bone age, ovarian volume, and uterine length were good predictors of Tanner stage II.ConclusionThis is the first study providing reference uterine and ovarian PUS values in a Spanish population of healthy girls aged 6 to 12 years. Use of updated data characteristic of a specific population increases the diagnostic accuracy.
The diagnosis of a giant cardiac malignant lymphoma in the right ventricle: a case report
Authors: Yu Jiafeng , Zhao Xin , Liu Yingfeng , Yan Qingwei , Miao Fei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCardiac lymphoma is extremely rare in patients with normal immune function and difficult to identify through routine examinations in patients with atypical clinical manifestations, making early diagnosis very difficult. We reported a 71‐year‐old male patient who was repeatedly diagnosed of pulmonary infection, suspected lung tumour, and Kimura disease in other hospital due to cough, expectoration, and dyspnoea. Later on, the patient visited our hospital due to heart failure and epistaxis. Transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the presence of a space‐occupying lesion in the right heart, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging preliminarily determined the nature of this lesion, finally, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography, and nasal mass biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac malignant lymphoma, and the pathological type was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
Non‐neutralizing antibodies protect against chronic LCMV infection by promoting infection of inflammatory monocytes in mice
Authors: Stoycheva Diana , Sandu Ioana , Gräbnitz Fabienne , Amorim Ana , Borsa Mariana , Weber Stefan , Becher Burkhard , Oxenius Annette 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntibodies play an important role in host defense against microorganisms. Besides direct microbicidal activities, antibodies can also provide indirect protection via crosstalk to constituents of the adaptive immune system. Similar to many human chronic viral infections, persistence of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is associated with compromised T‐ and B‐cell responses. The administration of virus‐specific non‐neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) prior to LCMV infection protects against the establishment of chronic infection. Here, we show that LCMV‐specific nnAbs bind preferentially Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes (IMs), promote their infection in an Fc‐receptor independent way, and support acquisition of APC properties. By constituting additional T‐cell priming opportunities, IMs promote early activation of virus‐specific CD8 T cells, eventually tipping the balance between T‐cell exhaustion and effector cell differentiation, preventing establishment of viral persistence without causing lethal immunopathology. These results document a beneficial role of IMs in avoiding T‐cell exhaustion and an Fc‐receptor independent protective mechanism provided by LCMV‐specific nnAbs against the establishment of chronic infection.
Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Computational Investigation of a Series of Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Characterization of Reduced States
Authors: Queyriaux Nicolas , Esmieu Charlène , Gupta Arvind K. , Vendier Laure , Ott Sascha , Orio Maylis , Hammarström Leif 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes has been synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, electronic absorption and voltammetric techniques. Among this series, hexafluorophosphate salts of eight ruthenium(II) complexes were newly prepared. Due to the well‐known ability of this class of compounds to assist electro‐ and photocatalytic reductive processes (such as the reduction of CO2, H+ and NAD(P)+ models), particular attention has been paid to investigate the nature of their one‐ and two‐electron reduced species through computational and spectroscopic techniques.
Iridium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Construction of α‐Substituted Ketones via Hydrogen Borrowing of Alcohols in Water
Authors: Luo Nianhua , Zhong Yuhong , Wen Huiling , Shui Hongling , Luo Renshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKetones are of great importance in synthesis, biology, and pharmaceuticals. This paper reports an iridium complexes‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alcohols via hydrogen borrowing, affording a series of α‐alkylated ketones in high yield (86 %–95 %) and chemoselectivities (>99 : 1). This methodology has the advantages of low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%) and environmentally benign water as the solvent. Studies have shown the amount of base has a great impact on chemoselectivities. Meanwhile, deuteration experiments show water plays an important role in accelerating the reduction of the unsaturated ketones intermediates. Remarkably, a gram‐scale experiment demonstrates this methodology of iridium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alcohols has potential application in the practical synthesis of α‐alkylated ketones.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylboration of Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Li Haoyang , Long Jiao , Li Yuqiang , Wang Wang , Pang Hailiang , Yin Guoyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed arylboration of conjugated dienes is reported. Good 1,4‐regioselectivity and (E)‐stereoselectivity were obtained using isoprene, together with very good 1,2‐regioselectivity and (E)‐stereoselectivity using 1‐arylbutadienes. The high reactivity and selectivity of this process were dependent on the use of the appropriate nitrogen‐based ligand. Moreover, wide functional group tolerance was observed under mild reaction conditions. This protocol provides a path to allyl or homoallyl boronic ester derivatives starting from 1,3‐dienes, aryl bromides, and B2pin2. The downstream transformation of allyl boronic esters was also achieved, suggesting a strategy for the diastereoselective 1,2‐difunctionalization of isoprene and demonstrating the potential for the synthesis of complex molecules.
Triptycene Boronates, Boranes, and Boron Ate‐Complexes: Toward Sterically Hindered Triarylboranes and Trifluoroborates
Authors: Gama Mathieu , Antognini Silva Xavier , Doan Thu‐Hong , Osi Arnaud , Chardon Aurélien , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , Berionni Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe developed two synthetic strategies towards triptycene‐derived bulky boranes, boronates, and boron ate‐complexes. Starting from borylated or brominated anthracenes and using a Br/Li exchange and [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with in‐situ generated benzyne, we produced a series of triptycene boronates and borates with various boron substituents in positions 1 and 9, such as BPin, Bneo, BF3K and B(Mes)2. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and UV‐Vis/photoluminescence measurements provided quantitative information on the effect of the triptycene scaffold on the photophysical and electronic properties of the obtained compounds.
Methylthiolation for Electron‐Rich Heteroarenes with DMSO‐TsCl
Authors: Zhang Lei‐Yang , Wu Yue‐Hua , Wang Nai‐Xing , Gao Xue‐Wang , Yan Zhan , Xu Bao‐Cai , Liu Ning , Wang Bo‐Zhou , Xing Yalan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDMSO‐TsCl has been developed for direct methylthiolation of various electron‐rich heteroarenes (more than 40 examples) with high regioselectivity in moderate to excellent yields (up to 96 %). Especially, pyrroles, furans, and thiophenes can be efficiently mono‐methylthiolated. This practical method features scalable, metal‐free, mild conditions and is compatible with air and moisture. Several applications of methylthiolated products were demonstrated for the first time. Based on controlled experimental results, a plausible mechanism was proposed with two key intermediates involved in the mechanism being detected by HRMS.
Functionalization of Sydnones with Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes, Cyclobutanes, and Michael Acceptors
Authors: Ahlburg Nils L. , Freese Tyll , Kolb Simon , Mummel Sebastian , Schmidt Andreas , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a Lewis acid catalyzed nucleophilic ring‐opening of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes and ‐butanes by sydnones, utilizing their respective 1,3‐ and 1,4‐reactivity. The same conditions can be applied for the addition of sydnones to Michael acceptors. We propose a Friedel‐Crafts like mechanism. The reaction provides a rare, low‐temperature, transition metal‐free, and functional group tolerant protocol for the late‐stage functionalization of these mesoionic compounds of emerging importance in catalysis and bio‐orthogonal chemistry.
The effect of acute‐experimental pain models on offset analgesia
Authors: Szikszay Tibor M. , Adamczyk Waclaw M. , Hoegner Alexandra , Woermann Nele , Luedtke Kerstin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOffset analgesia (OA) is characterized by a disproportionately large decrease in pain perception after a slight decrease in noxious stimulation. In patients with ongoing pain, this response is reduced. The effect is pronounced in painful body areas. The influence of acute pain has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two experimental acute pain models, measured within the area of acute pain and on the non‐affected opposite side, thereby considering the possible somatotopic nature of OA.MethodsHealthy, pain‐free volunteers (n = 75) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (cold water, exercise and control group). The ‘cold water group’ immersed one hand into cold water for 3 min (Cold Pressor Task), while the ‘exercise group’ performed an isometric grip exercise for 3 min. There was no manipulation in the control group. Each experimental pain stimulus was performed at both (dominant, non‐dominant) forearms. The individualized OA paradigm consisted of offset and constant temperature trials. Offset analgesia was measured immediately before, during and after the experimental pain stimuli.ResultsA significant difference in OA was shown during experimental pain when compared to the control condition (exercise vs. control: p < 0.001, cold vs. control: p = 0.001), with no difference between the experimental conditions (p > 0.05). Immediately following the pain stimulation, results were marginally non‐significant (p = 0.05).ConclusionsExperimental painful stimulation reduced OA. This result should be interpreted with caution due to potential influences of conditioned pain modulation or exercise‐induced hypoalgesia as well as possible floor effects.SignificanceTemporal contrast of pain perception is inhibited in acute pain states. This study showed that reduced offset analgesia is observed when pain is experimentally induced using noxious cold and exercise stimuli.
Mechanisms of recovery after neck‐specific or general exercises in patients with cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Liew Bernard X. W. , Peolsson Anneli , Falla Deborah , Cleland Joshua A , Scutari Marco , Kierkegaard Marie , Dedering Asa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms of action that facilitate improved outcomes after conservative rehabilitation are unclear in individuals with cervical radiculopathy (CR). This study aims to determine the pathways of recovery of disability with different exercise programs in individuals with CR.MethodsWe analysed a dataset of 144 individuals with CR undergoing conservative rehabilitation. Eleven variables collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months follow‐up were used to build a Bayesian Network (BN) model: treatment group (neck‐specific vs. general exercises), age, sex, self‐efficacy, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, neck–arm pain intensity, headache pain intensity and disability. The model was used to quantify the contribution of different mediating pathways on the outcome of disability at 12th months.ResultsAll modelled variables were conditionally independent from treatment groups. A one‐point increase in anxiety at 3rd month was associated with a 2.45‐point increase in 12th month disability (p <.001). A one‐point increase in head pain at 3rd month was associated with a 0.08‐point increase in 12th month disability (p <.001). Approximately 83% of the effect of anxiety on disability was attributable to self‐efficacy. Approximately 88% of the effect of head pain on disability was attributable to neck–arm pain.ConclusionsNo psychological or pain‐related variables mediated the different treatment programs with respect to the outcome of disability. Thus, the specific characteristics investigated in this study did not explain the differences in mechanisms of effect between neck‐specific training and prescribed physical activity. The present study provides candidate modifiable mediators that could be the target of future intervention trials.SignificancePsychological and pain characteristics did not differentially explain the mechanism of effect that two exercise regimes had on disability in individuals with cervical radiculopathy. In addition, we found that improvements in self‐efficacy was approximately five times more important than that of neck–arm pain intensity in mediating the anxiety‐disability relationship. A mechanistic understanding of recovery provides candidate modifiable mediators that could be the target of future intervention trials.Trials registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01547611.
The effect of rank‐ordering strategy on creative idea selection performance
Authors: Zhu Yuxi , Ritter Simone M. , Dijksterhuis Ap 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen people have to choose a creative solution from several ideas to tackle a problem, they tend to select mainstream ideas at the expense of creative ideas. In the current research, we examined the effect of rank‐ordering strategy on creative idea selection performance by comparing three different rank‐ordering strategies: choosing (i.e., rank‐ordering ideas by stepwise selecting the most creative idea), elimination (i.e., rank‐ordering ideas by stepwise removing the least creative idea), and paired comparison (i.e., rank‐ordering ideas by making a series of choices from pairs of ideas). In four experiments, participants rank‐ordered 10 ideas in creativity by using one of the three strategies, and the creativity of the most creative idea was compared between the conditions. Moreover, a meta‐analysis was conducted on the data of these four studies. Our findings suggest that rank‐ordering strategy does not influence creative idea selection performance and Bayesian analyses provide evidence supporting the null hypothesis.