bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating implicit bias in student evaluations: A randomized intervention
Authors: Genetin Brandon , Chen Joyce , Kogan Vladimir , Kalish Alan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe conduct a randomized control trial to assess the efficacy of utilizing modified introductory language in student evaluations of instruction to mitigate implicit bias. Students are randomly assigned within courses to three treatment arms and shown so‐called “cheap talk” scripts referencing implicit bias, the high stakes associated with student evaluations, and the combination of the two. We analyze both the impact assignment of the treatment has on completion rates as well as the effect on average instructor rating. Our analysis indicates assignment has statistically significant effects on the likelihood of response for those assigned the combined treatment, though the effects are heterogeneous with respect to both instructor and student race/ethnicity and gender. We further find the high‐stakes treatment leads to higher average scores for racial/ethnic minority instructors with no significant effects from the implicit bias and combined scripts.
Metal‐Catalyzed Divergent Synthetic Methods for Pyrrolocoumarins and Furocoumarins
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Nand Sachchida , Murty Venneti N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe a divergent synthesis of pyrrolocoumarins and furocoumarins starting from the 4‐(arylethynyl)‐3‐bromocoumarins under metal‐catalyzed conditions. The one‐pot synthesis of pyrrolocoumarins is achieved using 4‐(arylethynyl)‐3‐bromocoumarins under copper‐catalyzed conditions. The synthesis of furocoumarins involved a two‐step protocol from 4‐(arylethynyl)‐3‐bromocoumarins through the formation of 3‐bromo‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)coumarins under iron‐catalyzed conditions followed by their copper‐catalyzed cyclizations.
Direct and Catalytic C‐Glycosylation of Arenes: Expeditious Synthesis of the Remdesivir Nucleoside**
Authors: Obradors Carla , Mitschke Benjamin , Aukland Miles H. , Leutzsch Markus , Grossmann Oleg , Brunen Sebastian , Schwengers Sebastian A. , List Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince early 2020, scientists have strived to find an effective solution to fight SARS‐CoV‐2, in particular by developing reliable vaccines that inhibit the spread of the disease and repurposing drugs for combatting its effects on the human body. The antiviral prodrug Remdesivir is still the most widely used therapeutic during the early stages of the infection. However, the current synthetic routes rely on the use of protecting groups, air‐sensitive reagents, and cryogenic conditions, thus impeding a cost‐efficient supply to patients. We have, therefore, focused on the development of a straightforward, direct addition of (hetero)arenes to unprotected sugars. Here we report a silylium‐catalyzed and completely stereoselective C‐glycosylation that initially yields the open‐chain polyols, which can be selectively cyclized to provide either the kinetic α‐furanose or the thermodynamically favored β‐anomer. The method significantly expedites the synthesis of Remdesivir precursor GS‐441524 after a subsequent Mn‐catalyzed C−H oxidation and deoxycyanation.
Celgard/PIM‐1 proton conducting composite membrane with reduced vanadium permeability
Authors: Sizov Victor E. , Zefirov Vadim V. , Volkova Yulia A. , Gusak Danil I. , Kharitonova Elena P. , Ponomarev Igor I. , Gallyamov Marat O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRenewable energy systems need efficient and cheap storage devices and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRB) may become one of them. However, better performance of VRB membranes yet should be achieved. Novel composite Celgard‐based films coated with PIM‐1 for aqueous electrolyte VRB applications are presented. Two types of the composites with different PIM‐1 loadings are obtained. Their properties are studied and compared with the original Celgard films. The deposited PIM‐1 forms a smooth layer on the outer Celgard surface and penetrates inside the porous matrix, thus significantly reducing the pores diameter and affecting the transport properties of the composite film. The nanoporous structure of PIM‐1 permits size‐screening of H3O+/hydrated vanadium ions when used in aqueous vanadium redox flow batteries applications, which allows to tailor the membrane permeability for the two types of ions and, therefore, to increase its selectivity from 4.3 × 106 to 1.3 × 107 mS min cm−3, while maintaining high proton conductivity.
Yellow‐b, ‐c, ‐e and ‐h are required for normal body coloration in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Wang Pei , Ze Long‐Ji , Jin Lin , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe involvement of yellow genes y‐b, y‐c, y‐e, and y‐h in cuticle tanning has poorly been clarified. In the present paper, six putative yellow (y‐y, y‐b, y‐c, y‐e y‐f, and y‐h) genes were identified in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Hvy‐b, Hvy‐c, Hvy‐e, and Hvy‐h were abundantly transcribed at early larval and late pupal stages, especially in the epidermis. Accordingly, RNA interference (RNAi) experiments were performed by an injection of dsy‐b, dsy‐c, dsy‐e, or dsy‐h into the second instar larvae and 1‐day‐old pupae. The head capsule, scoli and strumae, and legs in the fourth‐instar larvae became blacker; the blackish spots in the pupae were darkened and widened after RNAi of Hvy‐b, compared with those of dsegfp‐treated controls. Depletion of Hvy‐b at the 1‐day‐old pupal stage expanded two pair of black markings on the sternum of the metathorax, and darkened the black patched on the sterna of the abdomen segments I–VI in the resultant adults. Depletion of Hvy‐e caused darker pigmented adult body and elytral cuticles than those of dsegfp‐introduced controls. However, there was no obvious difference in pigmentation of the black markings. Hvy‐h‐deficient larvae displayed dark yellow body color, whereas the body color of the dsegfp‐injected control was pale yellow. There was no obvious difference in coloration of larval specific‐black markings or pupal cuticle between dsHvy‐h‐ and dsegfp‐treated animals. Moreover, silence of Hvy‐c at the second instar larval stage lightened black markings in the resulting larvae and pupae, but had no influence on pale yellow body color. Our results demonstrated their different roles of the four yellow genes during body pigmentation: HvY‐b and HvY‐c, respectively, inhibit and facilitate the coloration within dark markings, whereas HvY‐e and HvY‐h, respectively, repress the pigmentation in adult and larval body cuticles outside the black patches in H. vigintioctopunctata.
Nanosheets Derived through Dissolution‐Recrystallization of TiB2 as Efficient Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Suriyakumar Shruti , Varma Akash , Surendran Vishnu , Jasuja Kabeer , Shaijumon M. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal borides when subjected to dissolution and recrystallization exhibit a tendency to grow preferentially in lateral dimensions and form nanosheets. Such derived nanosheets exhibit unusual properties that can potentially be used in energy conversion and storage applications. Here we report boride‐based nanosheets derived from titanium diboride through a scalable one‐pot chemical approach as a sodium‐ion battery anode material. The half‐cell with TiB2‐derived nanosheets (TiB2‐NS) as anode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 252 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and appreciable cycling stability is achieved at 1 A g−1 current density. Further, a sodium‐ion full cell assembled with TiB2‐NS as anode and sodium vanadium phosphate/carbon as cathode is demonstrated. The full cell delivers an energy density of 111 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1. Being the first report of its kind, our study exemplifies the rich potential that the TiB2‐NS deliver as an anode material upon nanoscaling and substantiates the theoretical prediction on using transition metal boride‐based anode material for sodium‐ion battery.
Selective production of retinol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the expression of retinol dehydrogenase
Authors: Lee Ye‐Gi , Kim Chanwoo , Sun Liang , Lee Tae‐Hee , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRetinol is a fat‐soluble vitamin A that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, retinol is commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Microbial production of retinol has been alternatively explored but restricted to a mixture of retinoids including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Thus, we introduced heterologous retinol dehydrogenase into retinoids mixture‐producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the selective production of retinol using xylose. Expression of human RDH10 and Escherichia coli ybbO led to increase in retinol production, but retinal remained as a major product. In contrast, S. cerevisiae harboring human RDH12 produced retinol selectively with negligible production of retinal. The resulting strain (SR8A‐RDH12) produced retinol only. However, more glycerol was accumulated due to intracellular redox imbalance. Therefore, Lactococcus lactis noxE coding for H2O‐forming NADH oxidase was additionally introduced to resolve the redox imbalance. The resulting strain produced 52% less glycerol and more retinol with a 30% higher yield than a parental strain. As the produced retinol was not stable, we examined culture and storage conditions including temperature, light, and antioxidants for the optimal production of retinol. In conclusion, we achieved selective production of retinol efficiently from xylose by introducing human RDH12 and NADH oxidase into S. cerevisiae.
Risk prediction in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tomey Matthew I. , Dangas George D. 
Published: December 2021

Key Points
A new ACS‐MCS risk score incorporating age, lactate, acute kidney injury, and SCAI Shock class predicts 30‐day mortality in patients receiving short‐term mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes.
This study illustrates that shock severity, as defined by SCAI Shock class, is one of multiple key factors influencing mortality in cardiogenic shock.
Age and end‐organ injury are important mediators of cardiogenic shock outcomes.
Predicting mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: The need for improved risk models
Authors: Kumar Anirudh , Jneid Hani 
Published: December 2021

Key Points
In the contemporary era of personalized medicine, accurate risk assessment following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is important for patient selection and to guide the shared decision‐making process by patients and interventional cardiologists.
The updated clinical logistic SYNTAX score incorporates the following five additional independent predictors into the risk model: history of lung disease, prior stroke, current smoking, hemoglobin level, and white blood cell count.
Compared with the old model, the updated clinical logistic SYNTAX score has improved discriminative ability for predicting 2‐year mortality after PCI.
Heteroallene Capture and Exchange at Functionalised Heptaphosphane Clusters
Authors: van IJzendoorn Bono , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo J. , Whitehead George F. S. , Mehta Meera 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite being known for decades the chemical reactivity of homoatomic seven‐atom phosphorus clusters towards small molecules remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that neutral tris(silyl) functionalised heptaphosphane (P7(SiR3)3) cages are capable of heteroallene capture between the P−Si bonds of the cluster. A range of isocyanates and an isothiocyanate were investigated. In the case of isocyanates, silyl bonding at oxygen or nitrogen is regioselectively directed by the functional group on the isocyanate and substituents on the silyl moiety. Above all, we find that captured isothiocyanate molecules can be exchanged for isocyanate molecules, indicative of small molecule catch and release. Small molecule catch and release at these Zintl‐derived clusters reveals their potential application as chemical storage materials or as reusable probes.
An H2O2 Molecule Stabilized inside Open‐Cage C60 Derivatives by a Hydroxy Stopper
Authors: Huang Guanglin , Hasegawa Shota , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Ide Yuki , Hirose Takashi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn H2O2 molecule was isolated inside hydroxylated open‐cage fullerene derivatives by mixing an H2O2 solution with a precursor molecule followed by reduction of one of carbonyl groups on its orifice. Depending on the reduction site, two structural isomers for H2O2@open‐fullerenes were obtained. A high encapsulation ratio of 81 % was attained at low temperature. The structures of the peroxosolvate complexes thus obtained were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray analysis, and DFT calculations, showing strong hydrogen bonding between the encapsulated H2O2 and the hydroxy group located at the center of the orifice. This OH group was found to act as a kinetic stopper, and the formation of the hydrogen bonding caused thermodynamic stabilization of the H2O2 molecule, both of which prevent its escape from the cage. One of the peroxosolvates was isolated by HPLC, affording H2O2@open‐fullerene with 100 % encapsulation ratio, likely due to the intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction.
Label‐Free Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single‐Cell Adhesions by Using Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array
Authors: Qin Xiang , Jin Hua‐Jiang , Li Xiuxiu , Li Jian , Pan Jian‐Bin , Wang Kang , Liu Songqin , Xu Jing‐Juan , Xia Xing‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA label‐free and fast approach for positive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of single cells by bipolar nanoelectrode array is proposed. The reduction of oxygen at a platinized gold nanoelectrode array in a closed bipolar electrochemical system is coupled with an oxidative ECL process at the anodic side. For elevating the ECL imaging contrast of single cells, a driving voltage of −2.0 V is applied to in situ generate oxygen confined beneath cells that is subsequently used for ECL imaging at 1.1 V. High oxygen concentration in the confined space resulting from steric hindrance generates prominent oxygen reduction current at the cathodic side and higher ECL intensity at the anodic side, allowing positive ECL imaging of the cells adhesion region with excellent contrast. Cell morphology and adhesion strength can be successfully imaged with high image acquisition rate. This approach opens a new avenue for label‐free imaging of single cells.
Studies on Thiol Etching of Gold by Using QCM‐D Sensor as the Sacrificial Probe
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Zheng , Zong Runfa , Li Jingzhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is still a lack of deep understanding on the reaction kinetics and mechanism of thiol etching of gold. Herein, by using the sensor of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the sacrificial probe, the etching reaction of gold has been studied by employing cysteamine (CS) as a typical thiol etchant. The etching reaction is verified as diffusion‐controlled and shows a half‐order reaction kinetics. It is demonstrated that intact thiol and amino on CS are both crucial for its etching ability to gold. Applied potentials can affect the electron transfer and hence can be used to regulate the gold etching. Our results also reveal that only two carbon atoms of the spacer between thiol and amino on CS are very critical to the excellent etching ability. This work exhibits a new route to explore the thiol etching reaction of gold and elucidates the reaction kinetics and mechanism.
Systematic review of studies examining contribution of oral health variables to risk prediction models for undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Glurich Ingrid , Shimpi Neel , Bartkowiak Barb , Berg Richard L. , Acharya Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct systematic review applying “preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses statement” and “prediction model risk of assessment bias tool” to studies examining the performance of predictive models incorporating oral health‐related variables as candidate predictors for projecting undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (Type 2)/prediabetes risk.Materials and MethodsLiterature searches undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, and Gray literature identified eligible studies published between January 1, 1980 and July 31, 2018. Systematically reviewed studies met inclusion criteria if studies applied multivariable regression modeling or informatics approaches to risk prediction for undiagnosed diabetes/prediabetes, and included dental/oral health‐related variables modeled either independently, or in combination with other risk variables.ResultsEligibility for systematic review was determined for seven of the 71 studies screened. Nineteen dental/oral health‐related variables were examined across studies. “Periodontal pocket depth” and/or “missing teeth” were oral health variables consistently retained as predictive variables in models across all systematically reviewed studies. Strong performance metrics were reported for derived models by all systematically reviewed studies. The predictive power of independently modeled oral health variables was marginally amplified when modeled with point‐of‐care biological glycemic measures in dental settings. Meta‐analysis was precluded due to high inter‐study variability in study design and population diversity.ConclusionsPredictive modeling consistently supported “periodontal measures” and “missing teeth” as candidate variables for predicting undiagnosed diabetes/prediabetes. Validation of predictive risk modeling for undiagnosed diabetes/prediabetes across diverse populations will test the feasibility of translating such models into clinical practice settings as noninvasive screening tools for identifying at‐risk individuals following demonstration of model validity within the defined population.
Use of a Latin square design to assess experimental errors in field evaluation of cotton for resistance to Fusarium wilt Race 4
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Zhu Yi , Abdelraheem Abdelraheem , Elkins‐Arce Heather D. , Dever Jane , Wheeler Terry , Isakeit Thomas , Hake Kater , Wedegaertner Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractField evaluation of cotton for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Race 4 (FOV4) is important in breeding. In this study, an 8 × 8 Latin square design was arranged in two FOV4‐infested fields each with two trials to evaluate eight cotton (Gossypium hirstum) cultivars based on mortality rate (MR) and root vascular staining (RVS). For a comparison, two trials of the same design were grown in the greenhouse. Consistent with the mapping pattern of MR in the Texas field, the analysis of variance confirmed the existence of effects due to tiers not planting rows in the Texas location only. Significant variation due to cultivars was consistently detected in the two trials of both locations. The repeatability was confirmed by significant correlation coefficients between most tiers (replications) and between the two trials in each field. The greenhouse test had the highest mean MR (72–78%) and lowest coefficients of variation (CV; 17–28%), followed by the Texas field with a lower MR (36–57%) and similar CV (22–29%); and the New Mexico test had the highest CV (59–73%) and the lowest MR (13–18%). The MR between the two fields and between the fields and the greenhouse were significantly correlated. ‘Pima S‐7’ had the highest MR (79–93%), whereas ‘FM 2334GLT’ had the lowest (15–35%), consistent with RVS at crop maturity. Among randomized complete block designs (RCBD) with three to seven replications, the mean squared error and CV were the lowest in RCBD with three replications.
Clarifying optimal outcome measures in intermittent and continuous laryngeal neuromonitoring
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Buczek Erin , Cottril Elizabeth , Angelos Peter , Barczynski Marcin , Ho Allen S. , Makarin Viktor , Musholt Thomas , Scharpf Joseph , Schneider Rick , Stack Jr Brendan C. , Tellez Maria J. , Tolley Neil , Woodson Gayle , Wu Che Wei , Randolph Gregory 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) techniques have evolved over the past decade into intermittent IONM (I‐IONM) and continuous IONM (C‐IONM) modes of application. Despite many prior publications on both types of IONM, there remains uncertainty about what outcomes should be measured for each form of IONM. The primary objective of this paper is to define categories of benefit for I‐IONM/C‐IONM and to clarify and standardize their reporting outcomes.MethodsExpert review consensus statement utilizing modified Delphi methodology.ResultsI‐IONM provides diagnosis, classification, and prevention of nerve injury through accurate and early nerve identification. C‐IONM provides real‐time information on nerve functional integrity and thus may prevent some types of nerve injury but cannot assist in nerve localization. Sudden mechanisms of nerve injury cannot be predicted or prevented by either technique.ConclusionsI‐IONM and C‐IONM are complementary techniques. Future studies evaluating the utility of IONM should focus on outcomes that are appropriate to the type of IONM being utilized.
Daidzein exerts neuroprotective activity against MPTP‐induced Parkinson's disease in experimental mice and lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV2 microglial cells
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Maode , Chen Wei , Wang Kaili , Wang Yujing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of neurons, bradykinesia, anosmia, sleep disorder, and motor deficiency with increased global prevalence. Here, we have analyzed daidzein's neuroprotective functions in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. BV2 microglial cells induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C57BL6 mice induced with MPTP (1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine) were used in this study to investigate neuroprotective functions of daidzein. BV2 cells induced with LPS do not exert and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cell viability up to concentration range (5–100 µM/ml). Furthermore, LPS exposed BV2 microglia exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) increased NO production, pro‐inflammatory mediators PGE2, interleukin‐6 (IL6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels. Treatment with daidzein (10, 25, and 50 µM/ml) to LPS‐induced BV2 microglia exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) decreased NO, pro‐inflammatory mediators PGE2, IL6, and IlL‐1β. Similar to the in vitro results, C57BL6 mice induced with MPTP showed defects in motor functions as observed from altered forelimb and hindlimb footprint analyses, grip strength, and perturbed motor coordination observed via rotarod tests. Additionally, levels of dopamine were significantly reduced, and pro‐inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), IL‐1β, IL6 were found to be increased in MPTP‐induced C57BL6 PD mice. Administering daidzein significantly restored the functional levels of dopamine and pro‐inflammatory mediators TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL6 to near normal physiology as seen in healthy C57BL6 mice controls. Similarly, daidzein treatment to PD mice also restored the histological architecture to near normal levels as in control mice. Together, our results collectively endorse the neuroprotective functions of daidzein as observed from our initial studies, and further studies aimed at investigating daidzein's ability in regulating the catecholamine synthesis pathway to protect substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons are in focus.