bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐MOF Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Jin , Cao Yang , Liu Qian , Luo Yonglan , Liu Yang , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Li Tingshuai , Sun Xuping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt's highly desirable to devise and develop non‐precious metal catalysts for efficient water oxidation catalysis in alkaline solution. Herein, we report Co‐MOF nanosheet arrays grown on the three dimensional conductive nickel foam (Co‐MOF/NF) through a hydro‐thermal process for efficient alkaline oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. Such catalyst displays an excellent electrochemical performance by achieving an overpotential of 290 mV at 20 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Besides, it possesses both a good electrochemical stability and a high turnover frequency of 0.14 s−1 at the overpotential of 400 mV.
A 3D‐Printed Open Access Photoreactor Designed for Versatile Applications in Photoredox‐ and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Schiel Florian , Peinsipp Christoph , Kornigg Stefan , Böse Dietrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the medicinal chemistry department at Boehringer Ingelheim RCV (Austria). The image shows the 3D‐printed photoreactor, which releases the product of an sp2–sp3 cross‐electrophile coupling reaction. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.2020000291.
Dynamics of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 in convalescent plasma donors
Authors: Steenhuis Maurice , van Mierlo Gerard , Derksen Ninotska IL , Ooijevaar‐de Heer Pleuni , Kruithof Simone , Loeff Floris L , Berkhout Lea C , Linty Federica , Reusken Chantal , Reimerink Johan , Hogema Boris , Zaaijer Hans , van de Watering Leo , Swaneveld Francis , van Gils Marit J , Bosch Berend Jan , van Ham S Marieke , ten Brinke Anja , Vidarsson Gestur , van der Schoot Ellen C , Rispens Theo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesCharacterisation of the human antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is vital for serosurveillance purposes and for treatment options such as transfusion with convalescent plasma or immunoglobulin products derived from convalescent plasma. In this study, we longitudinally and quantitatively analysed antibody responses in RT‐PCR‐positive SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent adults during the first 250 days after onset of symptoms.MethodsWe measured antibody responses to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein in 844 longitudinal samples from 151 RT‐PCR‐positive SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent adults. With a median of 5 (range 2–18) samples per individual, this allowed quantitative analysis of individual longitudinal antibody profiles. Kinetic profiles were analysed by mixed‐effects modelling.ResultsAll donors were seropositive at the first sampling moment, and only one donor seroreverted during follow‐up analysis. Anti‐RBD IgG and anti‐nucleocapsid IgG levels declined with median half‐lives of 62 and 59 days, respectively, 2–5 months after symptom onset, and several‐fold variation in half‐lives of individuals was observed. The rate of decline of antibody levels diminished during extended follow‐up, which points towards long‐term immunological memory. The magnitude of the anti‐RBD IgG response correlated well with neutralisation capacity measured in a classic plaque reduction assay and in an in‐house developed competitive assay.ConclusionThe result of this study gives valuable insight into the long‐term longitudinal response of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2.
College student attitudes and strategies for intervention with a hypothetical peer exhibiting disordered eating
Authors: Sangiorgio Celeste , Blackstone Sarah R. , Herrmann Lynn K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study assesses stigma, attitudes, and strategies of college students in intervening with peers demonstrating disordered eating behaviors.MethodFour hundred and eighty nine college students (384 women) completed questionnaires that assessed eating disorder symptoms and bystander attitudes adapted for disordered eating. Participants read one of three vignettes of a 20‐year‐old hypothetical peer displaying symptoms of disordered eating aligned with bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, or binge‐eating disorder; participants then described whether the vignette subject had a problem, what the problem was, and strategies for intervention. Relationships among eating disorder history, bystander attitudes, demographics, and intention to intervene in disordered eating were assessed using descriptive and regressive analyses; peer intervention strategies were organized and evaluated for frequencies of responses.ResultsDemographics (female‐identification) and familiarity with disordered eating were associated with likelihood to intervene in disordered eating. Most students recognized that the peer had a problem, but fewer than half believed the problem was disordered eating; nearly a quarter (22%) of the students stated that they would be uncomfortable talking to a peer about disordered eating. The majority of students cited vague or nonproblem‐related intervention strategies (62%), followed by emotion‐focused strategies (22.5%), or body and behavior‐focused strategies (15%).DiscussionCollege students, particularly women and those with previous exposure to eating disorders, are likely to intervene peers disordered eating. However, students tend to use vague or body‐focused intervention strategies. Bystander intervention training that provides rationale and rehearsal for supportive communication strategies is needed to address students' lack of intervention skills, particularly among men.
Elevational gradients strongly mediate habitat selection patterns in a nocturnal predator
Authors: Kramer H. Anu , Jones Gavin M. , Kane Van R. , Bartl‐Geller Bryce , Kane Jonathan T. , Whitmore Sheila A. , Berigan William J. , Dotters Brian P. , Roberts Kevin N. , Sawyer Sarah C. , Keane John J. , North Malcolm P. , GutiÉrrez R. J. , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMountain ecosystems contain strong elevational gradients in climate and vegetation that shape species distributions and the structure of animal communities. Nevertheless, studies of habitat selection for individual species rarely account for such gradients that often result in species being managed uniformly across their range, which may not improve conservation as intended. Therefore, we characterized variation in nocturnal habitat selection by 18 GPS‐tagged California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) along a 1400‐m elevational gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California. We characterized three‐dimensional forest structure with light detection and ranging data that we used in mixed‐effects resource‐ and step‐selection analyses of owl habitat selection. At lower elevations, owls selected stands with shorter trees, sites closer to hard edges between tall forests and open areas, sites with less diversity in forest seral types and sites with more ridge and southwest aspects. In contrast, owls at higher elevations selected the opposite. Within public forests that had taller trees and within their home range core (45% kernel density estimate of GPS points) areas, owls selected forests with less and more canopy cover at low and high elevations, respectively. Outside of their core areas, owls selected areas with fewer and more tall trees at low and high elevations, respectively. These findings may be explained by elevational gradients in prey distribution and variation in owl diet because owls consume more woodrats (Neotoma spp; earlier seral species) at lower elevations and more flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus; older forest species) at higher elevations. Thus, at low elevations and in areas unlikely to support nesting, spotted owls could benefit from management that promotes woodrat habitat by encouraging oak regeneration and creating small brushy openings within forests with shorter (younger) trees. Conversely, at higher elevations, (1) enhancing flying squirrel habitat by promoting large trees and denser canopy on mesic sites and (2) managing for greater cover type diversity on southwest‐facing slopes and ridgetops is more likely to improve foraging habitat quality for spotted owls. The patterns of owl selection over elevational gradients has not been explicitly considered in most habitat management plans but clearly would improve management throughout mountain ecosystems.
Association between up‐titration of medical therapy and total hospitalizations and mortality in patients with recent worsening heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum
Authors: Bistola Vasiliki , Simitsis Panagiotis , Parissis John , Ouwerkerk Wouter , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Cleland John G. , Anker Stefan D. , Samani Nilesh J. , Metra Marco , Zannad Faiez , Polyzogopoulou Eftihia , Keramida Kalliopi , Farmakis Dimitrios , Voors Adriaan A. , Filippatos Gerasimos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of neurohormonal inhibition in chronic heart failure (HF) is well established. There are limited data on the effect of up‐titration of renin–angiotensin inhibitors (RASi) and beta‐blockers (BBs) on clinical outcomes of patients with worsening HF across the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) spectrum.Methods and resultsWe analysed data from 2345 patients from BIOSTAT‐CHF (80.9% LVEF <40%), who completed a 3‐month up‐titration period after recent worsening of HF. Patients were classified by achieved dose (% of recommended): ≥100%, 50–99%, 1–49%, and none. Recurrent event analysis using joint and shared frailty models was used to examine the association between RASi/BB dose and all‐cause and HF hospitalizations. In the 21 months following up‐titration, 512 patients died and 879 (37.5%) had ≥1 hospitalization. RASi up‐titration was associated, incrementally, with reduced risk of all‐cause hospitalization at all achieved dose levels compared to no treatment [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): ≥100%: 0.60 (0.49–0.74), P < 0.001; 50–99%: 0.56 (0.46–0.68), P < 0.001; 1–49%: 0.71 (0.59–0.86), P < 0.001]. This association was consistent up to an LVEF of 49% (P < 0.001), and when considering only HF hospitalizations. Up‐titration of BBs was associated with fewer all‐cause hospitalizations only when LVEF was <40% (overall P < 0.001), but with more HF hospitalizations when LVEF was ≥50%. Up‐titration of both RASi/BBs was associated with lower mortality in LVEF up to 49%.ConclusionAfter recent worsening of HF, up‐titration of RASi and BBs was associated with a better prognosis in patients with LVEF ≤49%. Up‐titration of BBs was associated with a greater risk of HF hospitalization when LVEF was ≥50%.
Renal function and the effects of vericiguat in patients with worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with HFrEF) trial
Authors: Voors Adriaan A. , Mulder Hillary , Reyes Eugene , Cowie Martin R. , Lassus Johan , Hernandez Adrian F. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Butler Javed , O'Connor Christopher M. , Koglin Joerg , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Pieske Burkert , Roessig Lothar , Ponikowski Piotr , Anstrom Kevin J. , Armstrong Paul W. ,   for the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsVericiguat reduced the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with worsening HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and a lower limit of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. We evaluated the relationship between the efficacy of vericiguat and baseline and subsequent changes in renal function.Methods and resultsIn VICTORIA, core laboratory serum creatinine was measured at baseline (n = 4956) and weeks 16, 32, and 48. Worsening renal function (WRF), defined as an increase ≥0.3 mg/dL in creatinine from baseline to week 16, was assessed via a Cox model with respect to subsequent primary events. Mean age was 69 years, 24% were female, and mean baseline eGFR was 61 mL/min/1.73 m2. During 48 weeks of treatment, the trajectories in eGFR and creatinine with vericiguat were similar to placebo (P = 0.50 and 0.18). The beneficial effects of vericiguat on the primary outcome were not influenced by baseline eGFR (interaction P = 0.48). WRF occurred in 15% of patients and was associated with worse outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.47; P < 0.001), but the beneficial effects of vericiguat on the primary outcome were similar in patients with or without WRF (interaction P = 0.76).ConclusionRenal function trajectories were similar between vericiguat‐ and placebo‐treated patients and the beneficial effects of vericiguat on the primary outcome were consistent across the full range of eGFR and irrespective of WRF.
Combining Organocatalyzed Aldolization and Reductive Amination: An Efficient Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of Iminosugars
Authors: Ferjancic Zorana , Saicic Radomir N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past two decades, organocatalytic aldol reaction emerged as a powerful method for the enantioselective carbon–carbon bond formation, often offering more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly synthesis of chiral molecules. On the other hand, reductive amination is one of the most important reactions in synthesis of biologically active compounds and drug candidates. Coupling these two reactions results in a powerful combination that allows for a rapid, stereoselective access to substituted, highly functionalized five‐ and six‐membered N‐heterocycles. This minireview illustrates the applicability of this approach as the key feature in syntheses of various iminosugars – a class of polyhydroxylated alkaloids with a range of interesting biological activities and high pharmacological potential.
Recent Visible Light and Metal Free Strategies in [2+2] and [4+2] Photocycloadditions
Authors: Sicignano Marina , Rodríguez Ricardo I. , Alemán José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen aiming to synthesize molecules with elevated molecular complexity starting from relatively simple starting materials, photochemical transformations represent an open avenue to circumvent analogous multistep procedures. Specifically, light‐mediated cycloadditions remain as powerful tools to generate new bonds begotten from non‐very intuitive disconnections, that alternative thermal protocols would not offer. In response to the current trend in both industrial and academic research pointing towards green and sustainable processes, several strategies that meet these requirements are currently available in the literature. This Minireview summarizes [2+2] and [4+2] photocycloadditions that do not require the use of metal photocatalysts by means of alternative strategies. It is segmented according to the cycloaddition type in order to give the reader a friendly approach and we primarily focus on the most recent developments in the field carried out using visible light, a general overview of the mechanism in each case is offered as well.
Financial hedging and operational flexibility as instruments to manage exchange‐rate uncertainty in multinational corporations
Authors: Fisch Jan Hendrik , Puhr Harald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryLiterature that compares the advantages of financial hedging and operational flexibility as instruments to manage exchange‐rate uncertainty presents inconsistent results. This study addresses such inconsistencies in two ways. First, it clarifies that the effects of financial hedging and operational flexibility are asymmetric. Financial hedging helps an MNC to reduce a negative effect of exchange‐rate uncertainty on firm value, whereas operational flexibility allows an MNC to enhance a positive effect of exchange‐rate uncertainty on firm value. Second, the study demonstrates that these effects are contextual to the MNC's subsidiary network. Depending on whether exchange‐rate correlation in the subsidiary network is positive or negative, either financial hedging or operational flexibility is more effective than the other. Regressions on a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms support the predictions.Managerial SummaryMultinational corporations face exchange‐rate fluctuations in their subsidiary networks as a source of substantial uncertainty. MNCs can manage this uncertainty using financial hedging and operational flexibility. However, the literature is inconclusive on whether MNCs can use both instruments in equal measure. This study clarifies that financial hedging allows MNCs to limit negative consequences of exchange‐rate uncertainty on their stock‐market valuations. Operational flexibility, by contrast, gives MNCs the opportunity to exploit exchange‐rate uncertainty and thereby to enhance their firm value. In addition, the study proposes that the effectiveness of financial hedging and operational flexibility depends on the individual MNC's subsidiary network configuration. Based on these findings, MNCs can identify the effective instrument for managing exchange‐rate uncertainty.
Does women's board representation affect non‐managerial gender inequality?
Authors: Biswas Pallab Kumar , Roberts Helen , Stainback Kevin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch examining gender and corporate boards has explored how women's representation impacts firm strategy and policy, particularly around corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues related to communities and other relevant stakeholders, the environment, and diversity and equity initiatives. However, fewer studies have examined how women's representation on boards affects gender inequality in firms. The studies that have been conducted generally focus on gender board diversity and the appointment of women executives. Yet, prior research has not sufficiently examined women's board representation and gender equality below executive level. Does women's representation have broader effects on gender equity beyond top leadership? And if so, is there a critical mass effect? In this article, we examine the relationship between women's board representation and non‐managerial gender segregation. Gender segregation is an ideal measure of gender equality given that it captures the evenness of the distribution of women and men across jobs within workplaces and its well‐known relationship to gender disparities in earnings and other job rewards. Drawing on Australian organization data (2014–2019) we find that the contemporaneous relationship between women's board representation and gender segregation is nonsignificant, but becomes significant and increases in magnitude with 1, 2, and 3‐year lags. Our critical mass analysis suggests that having one woman on a board may not be enough to promote change but rather two or more women directors, or holding 20% or more board seats, appears to be more effective in reducing gender segregation. These findings demonstrate that the appointment of more women to corporate boards has broader effects on workplace gender equity beyond top leadership teams.
Cyclization Strategies for the Concurrent Installation of Multiple Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Alachouzos Georgios , Frontier Alison J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this review we highlight the general cyclization strategies currently available to organic chemists for the concurrent and stereoselective installation of multiple Quaternary Stereogenic Centers (QSC) atoms in cyclic or polycyclic architectures. QSCs embedded in rigid cyclic architectures are motifs found in many blockbuster drugs and important bioactive natural product classes, and yet, direct access to these structures stereoselectively from simple precursors remains a significant challenge. Underscoring the difficulty associated with their synthesis, such topologically three‐dimensional molecules are underrepresented in existing small molecule compound libraries, which are instead dominated by linear or flat molecules. This review focuses on methods disclosed in both natural product synthesis and methodology studies since the turn of the 21st century. The cases to be examined successfully achieve these challenging transformations: (1) one‐step assembly of the cyclized architecture; and (2) concurrent stereoselective installation of multiple (≥2) new QSCs. These cyclization strategies, which address the aforementioned fundamental challenges in complex molecule synthesis, have been categorized into five broad groups: i) Biomimetic Polyene Cyclization Cascades; ii) Cyclization Cascades of Prochiral Alkenes; iii) Cycloadditions; iv) Dearomatizations; v) Electrocyclizations.
Effect of ranolazine on Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QTc, and P‐wave dispersion in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Akcay Murat , Coksevim Metin , Yenercag Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionRanolazine is an antianginal drug and also exhibits antiarrhythmic effect by affecting action potential time, refractory period, and repolarization reserve. We evaluated the effect of ranolazine therapy on myocardial repolarization parameters (Tp‐e, QT, QTc intervals, Tp‐e/QT, and Tp‐e/QTc ratios), index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) (QT/QRS, QTc/QRS) and P‐wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThis study included 175 patients, aged between 35 and 90 years who were followed with stable CAD for at least 3 months. Ninety patients had been receiving ranolazine for at least 1 month, and 85 patients had never received ranolazine. All patients' basic demographic data, risk factors, medications, and echocardiographic parameters recorded. Myocardial repolarization parameters, P‐wave times, and PWD were analyzed from 12 lead electrodes.ResultsThere was no variation between the groups in terms of basic demographic parameters and CAD risk factors. Tp‐e interval (87.3 ± 14.4 vs. 90.8 ± 12.4 msn, P < .001), Tp‐e/QT (0.22 ± 0.04 vs. 0.23 ± 0.03; P = .03), Tp‐e/QTc (0.21 ± 0.04 vs. 0.22 ± 0.04 P = .001), and PWD (39.2 ± 13.7 vs. 43.5 ± 12.9 P = .028) were significantly lower in the ranolazine group. But iCEB was similar in both groups. In multivariate analysis after adjusted confounding factors such as age and BMI, Tp‐e/QTc ratio, QTc, Pmax, and PWD were found significantly in ranolazine group again.ConclusionTp‐e/QTc ratio, QTc, Pmax, and PWD were significantly lower in stable CAD patients under ranolazine therapy. In stable CAD patients, the prognostic significance of ranolazine for arrhythmic events requires further evaluation of these parameters through long‐term follow‐up and large‐scale prospective studies.
Contribution to determination of extracellular DNA origin in the biofilm matrix
Authors: Svarcova Viviana , Zdenkova Kamila , Sulakova Martina , Demnerova Katerina , Pazlarova Jarmila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study is focused on the analysis of extracellular DNA (eDNA) from a biofilm matrix formed by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. The presence of eDNA in the biofilm of all the studied strains was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluorescent dyes with high affinity to nucleic acid. The protocol for eDNA isolation from the biofilm matrix was established, and subsequent characterization of the eDNA was performed. The purified eDNA obtained from the biofilm matrix of all three microorganisms was compared to the genomic DNA (gDNA) isolated from relevant planktonic grown cells. The process of eDNA isolation consisted of biofilm cultivation, its collection, sonication, membrane filtration, dialysis, lyophilisation, and extraction of DNA separated from the biofilm matrix with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used for comparing eDNA and gDNA. AFLP profiles showed a significant similarity between eDNA and gDNA at the strain level. The highest similarity, with a profile concordance rate of 94.7% per strain, was observed for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica exhibited lower profiles similarity (78% and 60%, respectively). The obtained results support the hypothesis that the eDNA of studied bacterial species has its origin in the gDNA.