bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pharmacist-delivered smoking cessation program in Qatar: an exploration of pharmacists’ and patients’ perspectives of the program
Authors: El Hajj Maguy Saffouh , Sheikh Ali Saba Abdal Salam , Awaisu Ahmed , Saleh Rana , Kheir Nadir , Shami Rula 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Tobacco use is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. An intensive pharmacist-delivered smoking cessation program was implemented in eight primary care pharmacies in Qatar. Objective This study aimed to qualitatively explore the perspectives of pharmacists and patients regarding their experiences in the program and their recommendations for improving it. Setting Primary care in Doha, Qatar. Method This study used a qualitative case study approach with semi-structured interviews of a sample of patients and pharmacists who participated in the program. Interviews were conducted between October 2016 and June 2017, were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic approach for data analysis was used. Main outcome measures Perspectives of pharmacists and patients. Results Pharmacists who delivered the program (n = 17) and patients who completed the program’s outcomes assessment (n = 68) were invited through telephone call or email. Eight pharmacists and 22 patients were interviewed. Seven themes emerged: (1) both pharmacists and patients had positive experiences and both considered pharmacists as among the most suitable healthcare providers to provide smoking cessation interventions (2) both pharmacist and patient participants indicated that the program provided successful services (3) pharmacists identified several challenges for implementing the program including difficulty in motivating and in following-up patients, workplace barriers, communication and cultural barriers, (4) both pharmacists and patients perceived several barriers for quitting including lack of motivation to quit or to commit to the plan, high nicotine dependence, stress and personal problems (5) both pharmacists and patients considered several patient-related facilitators for quitting including development of smoking related complications, religious beliefs and external support; (6) use of smoking cessation medications was considered a program-related facilitator for quitting by patients whereas behavioral therapy was perceived to be a facilitator by pharmacists (7) pharmacists and patients proposed strategies for program improvement including enhancing pharmacist training and patient recruitment. Conclusion The program was perceived to be beneficial in helping patients quit smoking, and it positively contributed to advancing pharmacist role. The study findings can guide future development of successful pharmacist’ smoking cessation programs in Qatar.
Memory, the fork asymmetry, and the initial state
Authors: Stradis Athamos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhy do we have records of the past and not the future? Entropic explanations for this ‘record asymmetry’ have been popular ever since Boltzmann. Foremost amongst these is Albert and Loewer’s account, which explains the record asymmetry using a low-entropy initial macrostate (the ‘Past Hypothesis’) plus an initial probability distribution. However, the details of how this initial state underpins the record asymmetry are not fully specified. In this paper I attempt to plug this explanatory gap in two steps. First, I suggest the record asymmetry is more immediately explained by the ‘fork asymmetry’, which their picture omits. Second, by relating the fork asymmetry to an initial state that’s metaphysically similar to theirs, I clarify how this ultimately underpins the record asymmetry.
Combined effects of PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and HSD17B13 variants on severity of biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Paternostro Rafael , Staufer Katharina , Traussnigg Stefan , Stättermayer Albert-Friedrich , Halilbasic Emina , Keritam Omar , Meyer Elias L. , Stift Judith , Wrba Fritz , Sipos Bence , Canbay Ali , Schlattjan Martin , Aigner Elmar , Datz Christian , Stickel Felix , Schafmayer Clemens , Hampe Jochen , Buch Stephan , Prager Gerhard , Munda Petra , Mandorfer Mattias , Ferenci Peter , Trauner Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified to be disadvantageous or protective in regard to disease severity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is unclear, whether including genetic risk factor(s) either alone or combined into risk stratification algorithms for NAFLD actually provides incremental benefit over clinical risk factors.

Design
Patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were genotyped for the PNPLA3-rs738409(minor allele:G), TM6SF2-rs58542926(minor allele:T) and HSD17B13- rs72613567 (minor allele:TA) variants. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) and fibrosis stage (F0–F4) were used to grade and stage all liver biopsy samples. Patients from seven centers throughout Central Europe were considered for the study.

Results
703 patients were included: NAS ≥ 5:173(24.6%); Fibrosis: F3–4:81(11.5%). PNPLA3 G/G genotype was associated with a NAS ≥ 5(aOR 2.23, p = 0.007) and advanced fibrosis (aOR-3.48, p < 0.001).TM6SF2 T/- was associated with advanced fibrosis (aOR 1.99, p = 0.023). HSD17B13 TA/- was associated with a lower probability of NAS ≥ 5(TA/T: aOR 0.65, p = 0.041, TA/TA: aOR 0.40, p = 0.033). Regarding the predictive capability for NAS ≥ 5, well-known risk factors (age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and ALT; baseline model) had an AUC of 0.758, Addition of PNPLA3(AUC 0.766), HSB17B13(AUC 0.766), and their combination(AUC 0.775), but not of TM6SF2(AUC 0.762), resulted in a higher diagnostic accuracy of the model. Addition of genetic markers for the prediction of advanced fibrosis (baseline model: age, sex, BMI, diabetes: AUC 0.777) resulted in a higher AUC if PNPLA3(AUC 0.789), and TM6SF2(AUC 0.786) but not if HSD17B13(0.777) were added.

Conclusion
In biopsy-proven NAFLD, PNPLA3 G/-, TM6SF2 T/- and HSD17B13 TA/- carriage are associated with severity of NAFLD. Incorporating these genetic risk factors into risk stratification models might improve their predictive accuracy for severity of NAFLD and/or advanced fibrosis on liver biopsy.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of High-Energy-Density Fuel: Catalysts, Mechanisms, and Challenges
Authors: Xiao Jie , Zhang Jiaxiang , Pan Lun , Shi Chengxiang , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji-Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh-energy-density liquid hydrocarbon fuels are generally synthesized using various chemical reactions to improve the performance (e.g., range, load, speed) of aerospace vehicles. Compared with conventional fuels, such as aviation kerosene and rocket kerosene, these liquid hydrocarbon fuels possess the advantages of high-energy-density and high volumetric calorific value; therefore, the fuels have important application value. The photocatalytic process has shown great potential for the synthesis of a diverse range of fuels on account of its unique properties, which include good efficiency, clean atomic economy, and low energy consumption. These characteristics have led to the emergence of the photocatalytic process as a promising complement and alternative to traditional thermocatalytic reactions for fuel synthesis. Extensive effort has been made toward the construction of catalysts for the multiple photocatalytic syntheses of high-energy-density fuels. In this review, we aim to summarize the research progress on the photocatalytic synthesis of high-energy-density fuel by using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Specifically, the synthesis routes, catalysts, mechanistic features, and future challenges for the photocatalytic synthesis of high-energy-density fuel are described in detail. The highlights of this review not only promote the development of the photocatalytic synthesis of high-energy-density fuel but also expand the applications of photocatalysis to other fields.
Graphic abstract
The distribution of wealth in Spain and the USA: the role of socioeconomic factors
Authors: Salas-Rojo Pedro , Rodríguez Juan Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literature has typically found that the distribution of socioeconomic factors like education, labor status and income does not account for the remarkable wealth inequality disparities between countries. As a result, their different institutions and other latent factors receive all the credit. Here, we propose to focus on one type of wealth inequality, the inequality of opportunities (IOp) in wealth: the share of overall wealth inequality explained by circumstances like inheritances and parental education. By means of a counterfactual decomposition method, we find that imposing the distribution of socioeconomic factors of the USA into Spain has little effect on total, financial and real estate wealth inequality. On the contrary, these factors play an important role when wealth IOp is considered. A Shapley value decomposition shows that the distribution of education and labor status in the USA consistently increase wealth IOp when imposed into Spain, whereas the opposite effect is found for the distribution of income.
Searching for new molecular markers for cells obtained from abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Lesiak Marta , Augusciak-Duma Aleksandra , Stepien Karolina L. , Fus-Kujawa Agnieszka , Botor Malwina , Sieron Aleksander L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate specific potential markers for cells obtained from three layers of human AAA divided into three segments along the AAA based on morphological differences. The isolated cells were compared to control commercial cell types from healthy human abdominal aortas. For each type of aortic layer, three specimens from 6 patients were compared. Total RNA was isolated from 36 cell cultures for gene expression profiling and potential new cytometry markers were typed. Isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry by using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to markers: CNN1, MYH10, ENG, ICAM2, and TEK. The relative expression of 45 genes in primary cell cultures and control lines was analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of most of the analyzed genes between individual layers and control lines. Based on relative expression, antibodies were selected for flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles allowed to select new potential cytometry markers: CNN1, MYH10, MYOCD, ENG, ICAM2, TEK. However, none of the tested markers seems to be optimal and characteristic for a specific layer of AAA.
What Influences Coital Frequency Among Chinese Men?: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xiang Yali , Peng Jingxuan , Yang Jianfu , Tang Yuxin , Li Dongjie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
There are many Western reports on factors influencing coital frequency among men. However, no articles could be found about the factors influencing sexual activity among Chinese men.

Aim
The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence the coital frequency of Chinese men.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures included self-reported monthly coital frequency, age, occupation, education level, andrology-related scales and dietary habits.

Methods
Data for 1,407 men aged 18–79 years were collected in the Health Management Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2019 to May 2019. The respondents completed the questionnaires independently or with the help of an interviewer (who read or explained the questionnaires to them) to analyse the factors that influence coital frequency.

Results
In the previous 6 months, the sample had a mean monthly coital frequency (±SD) of 4.34 ± 3.18. Univariate logistic regression results indicated that the number of children (P = 0.004), IIEF-5 scores (P &lt;0.001), EHSs (P &lt;0.001) and frequency of milk consumption (P = 0.001) were associated with more frequent sexual activity. These statistical associations did not change after further adjustment for age, occupation, and reproductive history. We observed that the frequency of sexual activity showed an increasing trend with a greater number of children, higher IIEF-5 scores, higher EHSs and greater frequency of milk consumption (test for trend, P&lt;0.05). Both univariate and multivariate analysis results indicated that the frequency of sexual activity decreased with increasing age (test for trend, P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
The coital frequency of Chinese men is associated with erectile function, anthropometric parameters, age, occupation, and dietary habits.
Impairment in Health-Related Quality of Life among Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , Patten Scott B. , Lukmanji Aysha , Williams Jeanne V. A. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:Introduction:Health utility instruments are increasingly being used to measure impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stroke. Population-based studies of HRQoL after stroke and assessment of differences by age and functional domain are needed.Methods:We used the Canadian Community Health Survey linked with administrative databases to determine HRQoL using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) among those with prior hospitalization or emergency department visit for stroke and compared to controls without stroke. We used multivariable linear regression to determine the difference in HUI3 between those with stroke and controls for the global index and individual attributes, with assessment for modification by age (<60, 60–74, and 75+ years) and sex, and we combined estimates across survey years using random effects meta-analysis.Results:Our cohort contained 1240 stroke survivors and 123,765 controls and was weighted to be representative of the Canadian household population. Mean health utility was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.68) for those with stroke and 0.83 (95% CI 0.82, 0.84) for controls. There was significant modification by age, but not sex, with the greatest adjusted reduction in HUI3 among stroke respondents aged 60–74 years. Individual HUI3 attributes with the largest reductions in utility among stroke survivors compared to controls were mobility, cognition, emotion, and pain.Conclusions:In this population-based study, the reduction in HUI3 among stroke survivors compared to controls was greatest among respondents aged 60–74, and in attributes of mobility, cognition, emotion, and pain. These results highlight the persistent impairment of HRQoL in the chronic phase of stroke and potential targets for community support.
Ketonuria and Seizure Control in the Medium Chain Triglyceride and Classic Ketogenic Diets
Authors: Lowe Helen , Keller Anne E. , Tanzini Elise , Aimola Sabrina , Liu Y. M. Christiana , Zak Maria , Chan Valerie , Kobayashi Jeff , Donner Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that children receiving medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCTKD) experience similar seizure reduction despite lower ketosis compared with classic ketogenic diet (CKD). Children initiating CKD or MCTKD were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Forty-five children completed 6 months of KD (n = 17 MCTKD, n = 28 CKD). The proportion achieving ≥50% seizure reduction was 71% CKD group and 59% MCTKD group; ≥90% reduction was 32% and 36% in CKD and MCTKD groups, respectively. CKD had higher urine ketones (≥8 mmol/L: 79% vs. 36%, p = 0.005). Children receiving MCTKD experience similar seizure control to CKD despite lower urine ketone measures.
Performance of 13 crop simulation models and their ensemble for simulating four field crops in Central Europe
Authors: Kostková M. , Hlavinka P. , Pohanková E. , Kersebaum K. C. , Nendel C. , Gobin A. , Olesen J. E. , Ferrise R. , Dibari C. , Takáč J. , Topaj A. , Medvedev S. , Hoffmann M. P. , Stella T. , Balek J. , Ruiz-Ramos M. , Rodríguez A. , Hoogenboom G. , Shelia V. , Ventrella D. , Giglio L. , Sharif B. , Oztürk I. , Rötter R. P. , Balkovič J. , Skalský R. , Moriondo M. , Thaler S. , Žalud Z. , Trnka M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main aim of the current study was to present the abilities of widely used crop models to simulate four different field crops (winter wheat, spring barley, silage maize and winter oilseed rape). The 13 models were tested under Central European conditions represented by three locations in the Czech Republic, selected using temperature and precipitation gradients for the target crops in this region. Based on observed crop phenology and yield from 1991 to 2010, performances of individual models and their ensemble were analyzed. Modelling of anthesis and maturity was generally best simulated by the ensemble median (EnsMED) compared to the ensemble mean and individual models. The yield was better simulated by the best models than estimated by an ensemble. Higher accuracy was achieved for spring crops, with the best results for silage maize, while the lowest accuracy was for winter oilseed rape according to the index of agreement (IA). Based on EnsMED, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for yield was 1365 kg/ha for winter wheat, 1105 kg/ha for spring barley, 1861 kg/ha for silage maize and 969 kg/ha for winter oilseed rape. The AQUACROP and EPIC models performed best in terms of spread around the line of best fit (RMSE, IA). In some cases, the individual models failed. For crop rotation simulations, only models with reasonable accuracy (i.e. without failures) across all included crops within the target environment should be selected. Application crop models ensemble is one way to increase the accuracy of predictions, but lower variability of ensemble outputs was confirmed.
Continuity of antipsychotic medication use among migrant and Finnish-born populations with a psychotic disorder: a register-based study
Authors: Lehti Venla , Taipale Heidi , Gissler Mika , Tanskanen Antti , Elonheimo Martta , Tiihonen Jari , Suvisaari Jaana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigher incidence of psychotic disorders and underuse of mental health services have been reported among many migrant populations. This study examines the initiation and continuity of antipsychotic treatment among migrants and non-migrants with a non-affective psychosis during a new treatment episode.MethodsThis study is based on a nationwide sample of migrants and Finnish-born controls. Participants who were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder in 2011–2014 were identified from the Care Register for Health Care (n = 1693). Information on purchases of antipsychotic drugs in 2011–2015 was collected from the National Prescription Register. The duration of antipsychotic treatment since diagnosis was estimated using the PRE2DUP model. Cox regression analysis was used to study factors that are associated with discontinuing the use of medication.ResultsThere were fewer initiators of antipsychotic treatment after being diagnosed with psychosis among migrants (68.1%) than among Finnish-born patients (73.6%). After controlling for sociodemographic background and factors related to the type of disorder and treatment, migrants were more likely to discontinue medication (adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.52). The risk of discontinuation was highest among migrants from North Africa and the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa and among recent migrants. Non-use of antipsychotic treatment before being diagnosed with psychosis, involuntary hospitalization and diagnosis other than schizophrenia were associated with earlier discontinuation both among migrants and non-migrants.ConclusionsMigrants with a psychotic disorder are less likely to continue antipsychotic treatment than non-migrants. The needs of migrant patients have to be addressed to improve adherence.
Anglo–Vietnamese diplomatic relationship in the seventeenth century: the case of the English East India Company
Authors: Tran Ngoc Dung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrawing on primary materials from the English East India Company (EIC) archives in the British Library (London, UK), this article investigates the early diplomatic encounters between England and Vietnam (Tonkin and Cochinchina) in the seventeenth century. Previous studies have mostly focused on the English trade in Vietnam in that period and their diplomatic missions from the late eighteenth century to 1858 but partly neglected their diplomacy in their first connections with Vietnam (1614–1705). This article thus investigates how the EIC adapted its gift-giving diplomacy to the diverse and shifting political landscape of the Tonkin and Cochinchina kingdoms. While the Trịnh Lords in Tonkin severely limited diplomatic and trade exchanges with EIC agents and other European traders, the Nguyễn Lords in Cochinchina welcomed relations with EIC representatives as it served their ambition to facilitate trade and establish military alliances with other powerful actors in the region.
Storm Waves May Be the Source of Some “Tsunami” Coastal Boulder Deposits
Authors: Kennedy Andrew B. , Cox Rónadh , Dias Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoastal boulder deposits (CBD) provide what are sometimes the only remaining signatures of wave inundation on rocky coastlines; in recent decades, CBD combined with initiation of motion (IoM) analyses have repeatedly been used as primary evidence to infer the existence of ancient tsunamis. However, IoM storm wave heights inferred by these studies have been shown to be highly inaccurate, bringing some inferences into question. This work develops a dimensionless framework to relate CBD properties with storm‐wave hindcasts and measurements, producing data‐driven relations between wave climate and boulder properties. We present an elevation‐density‐size‐inland distance‐wave height analysis for individual storm‐transported boulders which delineates the dynamic space where storm‐wave CBD occur. Testing these new relations against presumed tsunami CBD demonstrates that some fall well within the capabilities of storm events, suggesting that some previous studies might be fruitfully reexamined within the context of this new framework.
Evidence of the 1950 Great Assam Earthquake Surface Break Along the Mishmi Thrust at Namche Barwa Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Pandey Arjun , Mishra Rajeeb Lochan , Priyanka Rao Singh , Brice Atul , Jayangondaperumal R. , Srivastava Vaibhav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPaleoseismological trenching at Kamlang Nagar along the Mishmi Thrust in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, aided by radiocarbon analyses of charcoals yielding ages of 1111–914 B.C. to A.D. 1761–1968 infer primary evidences of co‐seismic surface faulting. Correlation with results of an earlier paleoseismological study indicates two successive surface rupturing earthquakes at ∼1800‐years interval, the most recent event very likely corresponding to the 1950 Assam earthquake (Mw 8.6). A dip‐slip displacement of 24.6 ± 4.6 m was estimated along a 25 ± 5°E dipping fault during the 1950 earthquake. Our study suggests dual surface faulting by the 1950 event along two orthogonal fault systems, that is, the Himalayan Frontal Thrust and the Mishmi Thrust. It thus emphasizes that, the seismicity pattern in the Mishmi Range where the locked zone of the Main Himalayan Thrust extends beyond the suture zone, is unlike that of the western and central Himalaya.