bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network-based integrative analysis of single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data for cell types
Authors: Wu Wenming , Zhang Wensheng , Ma Xiaoke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvances in single-cell biotechnologies simultaneously generate the transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles at cell levels, providing an opportunity for investigating cell fates. Although great efforts have been devoted to either of them, the integrative analysis of single-cell multi-omics data is really limited because of the heterogeneity, noises and sparsity of single-cell profiles. In this study, a network-based integrative clustering algorithm (aka NIC) is present for the identification of cell types by fusing the parallel single-cell transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) and epigenomic profiles (scATAC-seq or DNA methylation). To avoid heterogeneity of multi-omics data, NIC automatically learns the cell–cell similarity graphs, which transforms the fusion of multi-omics data into the analysis of multiple networks. Then, NIC employs joint non-negative matrix factorization to learn the shared features of cells by exploiting the structure of learned cell–cell similarity networks, providing a better way to characterize the features of cells. The graph learning and integrative analysis procedures are jointly formulated as an optimization problem, and then the update rules are derived. Thirteen single-cell multi-omics datasets from various tissues and organisms are adopted to validate the performance of NIC, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of various measurements. The proposed algorithm provides an effective strategy for the integrative analysis of single-cell multi-omics data (The software is coded using Matlab, and is freely available for academic https://github.com/xkmaxidian/NIC ).
Efficacy and safety of a dual-scan protocol for carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of split-thickness skin graft contraction in a red Duroc pig model
Authors: Li Jie , Ng Sally Kiu-Huen , Xi Wenjing , Zhang Zheng , Wang Xiaodian , Li Hua , Su Weijie , Wang Jingyan , Zhang Yixin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Fractional CO2 laser plays an important role in scar management post split-thickness skin graft by loosening the graft contracture and restoring the smoothness of the surface. However, the optimal treatment protocol remains unknown. This study applied a dual-scan protocol to achieve both releasing and ablation of contracted skin graft. We comprehensively describe this treatment method and compare the efficacy and safety between this dual-scan method and the conventional mono-scan mode.

Methods
A hypercontracted scar model after split-thickness skin grafting in red Duroc pigs was established. All scars meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into four groups: high fluence–low density (HF–LD), low fluence–high density (LF–HD), combined group and control group. The energy per unit area was similar in the HF–LD and LF–HD groups. Two laser interventions were performed at a 6-week interval. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by objective measures of scar area, release rate, elasticity, thickness and flatness, while the safety was evaluated based on adverse reactions and melanin index. Collagen structure was observed histologically. The animals were followed up for a maximum of 126 days after modeling.

Results
A total of 28 contracted scars were included, 7 in each group. At 18 weeks postoperatively, the HF–LD and the combined groups showed significantly increased scar release rate (p = 0.000) and elasticity (p = 0.036) and decreased type I/III collagen ratio (p = 0.002) compared with the control and LF–HD groups. In terms of flatness, the combined group was significantly better than the HF–LD group for elevations &lt;1 mm (p = 0.019). No significant skin side effects, pigmentation or scar thickness changes were observed at 18 weeks.

Conclusions
Dual-scan protocol could achieve superficial ablation and deep release of contracted split-thickness skin graft in a single treatment, with similar contraction release and texture improvement compared to a single deep scan. Its main advantage is to restore a smoother scar appearance. Adequate laser penetration was necessary for the release of contracted scars.
Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents for Ulcerative Proctitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Caron Bénédicte , Sandborn William J , Panaccione Remo , Schreiber Stefan , Hart Ailsa , Solitano Virginia , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative proctitis is a common and often highly symptomatic form of inflammatory bowel disease. We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy of different therapies in the management of patients with ulcerative proctitis.

Methods
We identified randomized controlled trials in adults with ulcerative proctitis treated with oral or topical therapies for induction of response or remission, or prevention of relapse.

Results
A total of 32 randomized controlled trials were included [27 induction/2839 participants, five maintenance/334 participants]. Follow-up varied from 3 to 8 weeks for induction, and from 6 to 24 months for maintenance of remission. 5-Aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA] suppository was the most frequently evaluated treatment [14/32, 43.7%], followed by steroid enema [7/32, 21.9%]. Topical 5-ASA demonstrated effectiveness for induction of clinical response or remission and prevention of relapse in several studies. Combined topical steroids and 5-ASA was more effective than topical 5-ASA or topical steroids alone to induce response [100% of patients for combination vs 70% for beclomethasone alone and 76% for 5-ASA alone]. One observational study suggested azathioprine may be effective in patients with ulcerative proctitis. Only two cohort studies evaluated the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in ulcerative proctitis. Small molecules, anti-integrins and anti-interleukin therapies have not been evaluated in isolated ulcerative proctitis.

Conclusion
The role of topical 5-ASA as a treatment for ulcerative proctitis has been confirmed in this systematic literature review, for induction and maintenance of remission. Future trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of more recent and upcoming drug classes in patients with ulcerative proctitis.
18F-flurpiridaz positron emission tomography segmental and territory myocardial blood flow metrics: incremental value beyond perfusion for coronary artery disease categorization
Authors: Packard René R Sevag , Votaw John R , Cooke C David , Van Train Kenneth F , Garcia Ernest V , Maddahi Jamshid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsWe determined the feasibility and diagnostic performance of segmental 18F-flurpiridaz myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurement by positron emission tomography (PET) compared with the standard territory method, and assessed whether flow metrics provide incremental diagnostic value beyond relative perfusion quantitation (PQ).Methods and resultsAll evaluable pharmacological stress patients from the Phase III trial of 18F-flurpiridaz were included (n = 245) and blinded flow metrics obtained. For each coronary territory, the segmental flow metric was defined as the lowest 17-segment stress MBF (SMBF), myocardial flow reserve (MFR), or relative flow reserve (RFR) value. Diagnostic performances of segmental and territory MBF metrics were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC). A multiple logistic model was used to evaluate whether flow metrics provided incremental diagnostic value beyond PQ alone. The diagnostic performances of segmental flow metrics were higher than their territory counterparts; SMBF AUC = 0.761 vs. 0.737; MFR AUC = 0.699 vs. 0.676; and RFR AUC = 0.716 vs. 0.635, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Similar results were obtained for per-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) ≥70% stenosis categorization and per-patient analyses. Combinatorial analyses revealed that only SMBF significantly improved the diagnostic performance of PQ in CAD ≥50% stenoses, with PQ AUC = 0.730, PQ + segmental SMBF AUC = 0.782 (P &lt; 0.01), and PQ + territory SMBF AUC = 0.771 (P &lt; 0.05). No flow metric improved diagnostic performance when combined with PQ in CAD ≥70% stenoses.ConclusionAssessment of segmental MBF metrics with 18F-flurpiridaz is feasible and improves flow-based epicardial CAD detection. When combined with PQ, only SMBF provides additive diagnostic performance in moderate CAD.
Prediction of post-radiotherapy survival for bone metastases: a comparison of the 3-variable number of risk factors model with the new Katagiri scoring system
Authors: Sakurai Takayuki , Takamatsu Shigeyuki , Shimoyachi Nana , Shibata Satoshi , Makino Mikoto , Ohashi Shizuko , Taima Yoko , Minamikawa Risako , Kumano Tomoyasu , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigated patient survival after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases while comparing the prognostic accuracies of the 3-variable number of risk factors (NRF) model and the new Katagiri scoring system (Katagiri score). Overall, 485 patients who received radiotherapy for bone metastases were grouped as per the NRF model (groups I, II and III) and Katagiri score (low-, intermediate- and high-risk). Survival was compared using the log-rank or log-rank trend test. Independent prognostic factors were identified using multivariate Cox regression analyses (MCRA). MCRA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare both models’ accuracy. For the 376 evaluable patients, the overall survival (OS) rates decreased significantly in the higher-tier groups of both models (P &lt; 0.001). All evaluated factors except ‘previous chemotherapy status’ differed significantly between groups. Both models exhibited independent predictive power (P &lt; 0.001). Per NRF model, hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.44 (P = 0.099) and 2.944 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively, for groups II and III, relative to group I. Per Katagiri score, HRs for intermediate- and high-risk groups were 4.02 (P &lt; 0.001) and 7.09 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively, relative to the low-risk group. Areas under the curve (AUC) for predicting 6-, 18- and 24-month mortality were significantly higher when using the Katagiri score (P = 0.036, 0.039 and 0.022). Both models predict survival. Prognostic accuracy of the Katagiri score is superior, especially in patients with long-term survival potential; however, in patients with short prognosis, no difference occurred between both models; simplicity and patient burden should also be considered.
Mass Entrepreneurship and Mass Innovation in China
Authors: Gao Jian , Mu Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive understanding on the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation initiative in China from its formation, to its implementation, to its implication. It identifies that the institutional mechanism, finance, intellectual capital, and services and supports for the entrepreneurship and innovation are the most significant aspects in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in China. Although the policies of the initiative are comprehensive and effective, the majority of them are supply oriented. More policies should be considered based on the constraints and difficulties faced by the entrepreneurs and startup companies, as well as the other participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. On the whole, the mass entrepreneurship and innovation initiative has made tangible progress in the improvement of the business environment and in the vitality and diversity of entrepreneurship and innovation activities. Moreover, it is an innovative reform on the institutions and mechanisms of entrepreneurship and innovation, significantly improving the systems and capabilities of governance in China.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Death Associated With Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States: Failure to Rescue
Authors: Guglielminotti J. , Wong C.A. , Friedman A.M. , Li G. 
Published: November 2021

(Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137:791–800)
Where women deliver has significant consequences due to racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity within the United States. Rates of severe maternal morbidity and failure to rescue are strong indicators for hospital performance, which have been reportedly higher in Black and Hispanic women than in White women. This study aims to identify historical trends and enumerate failure-to-rescue racial and ethnic disparities during delivery in association with severe maternal morbidity.
An Economic Evaluation of Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage in Women With Vaginal Delivery: The Randomized Controlled TRAAP Trial
Authors: Durand-Zaleski  , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Seco A. , Malki M. , Frenkiel J. , Sentilhes L. 
Published: November 2021

(BJOG. 2021;128:114–120)
Prophylactic uterotonics have been the only method of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) prevention. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that may prevent blood loss after delivery. Results from the Tranexamic Acid for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage Following a Vaginal Delivery (TRAAP) trial found that TXA use did not lower the rate of PPH (defined as blood loss >500 mL) but was associated with lower rates of the secondary outcome provider-assessed clinically significant PPH. These results suggested that using TXA with uterotonic may be a cost-effect way to prevent significant PPH. This study aimed to assess the increase in cost of vaginal delivery in women with PPH and investigate the effect of tranexamic acid on the cost of vaginal delivery.
The Association of Shock Index and Haemoglobin Variation With Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Drew T. , Carvalho J.C.A. , Subramanian C. , Yoon E.W. , Downey K. , Thorneloe B. , Balki M. 
Published: November 2021

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021;45:67–73)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often underrecognized due to difficulty estimating blood loss and delayed intervention due to underestimation of blood loss can lead to poor outcomes. An alternative tool to diagnose PPH is shock index, defined as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure. Another option, continuous non-invasive hemoglobin monitoring (SpHb), may be useful in detecting PPH but this has not yet been studied. This study aimed to determine the association between postpartum quantified blood loss (QBL) and SpHb, and between QBL and shock index in vaginal deliveries.
A Comparative Study Between Preoperative Rectal Misoprostol and Intraoperative Intrauterine Administration in the Reduction of Blood Loss During and After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Sherbini M.M. , Maged A.M. , Helal O.M. , Awad M.O. , El-Attar S.A. , Sadek J.A. , ElKomy R. , Dawoud M.A. 
Published: November 2021

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;153:113–118. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13426)
Cesarean delivery (CD) rates are on the rise worldwide, increasing the risk for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH; blood loss over 1000 mL). Though oxytocin is the recommended drug of choice to combat PPH, there are potential adverse side effects to using it. A combination of misoprostol and oxytocin has been shown to reduce operative and postoperative blood loss compared with oxytocin alone, and misoprostol has other beneficial factors such as low cost, availability, and thermal stability. This study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of rectal misoprostol before CD compared with intrauterine misoprostol during CD in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss.
Anesthesiology Airway-related Medicolegal Cases From the Canadian Medical Protection Association
Authors: Crosby E.T. , Duggan L.V. , Finestone P.J. , Liu R. , De Gorter R. , Calder L.A. 
Published: November 2021

(Can J Anesth. 2021;68:183–195)
The practice of anesthesiology has changed dramatically over the years, with new technology and updated strategies to manage and improve patient safety. The continual evaluation of patient outcomes and the development of protocols and guidelines help to further evolve the practice. One area worth reviewing is airway management. Anesthesiologists can learn from critical incidences described in malpractice cases to inform initiatives that drive patient safety. The aim of this paper was to describe closed claims legal cases involving anesthesiologists and airway-related management in Canada.
Innate and adaptive immunity in allergic airway disease
Authors: Scadding Glenis K. , Scadding Guy W. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
This article explores recent findings on the involvement of innate immunity in allergic airways disease, concentrating on allergic rhinitis.

Recent findings
We speculate on the ways in which environmental influences act to initiate inflammation and on how these may have altered in recent decades. Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved may reveal future possibilities for therapy.

Summary
The complex nature of immunity – both innate and acquired – in airways disease has implications for prevention and for therapy and requires further elucidation.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function: Does Locally Synthesized Angiotensinogen Play a Role?
Authors: Cruz-López Edwyn O. , Uijl Estrellita , Danser A. H. Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
In recent years, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) research has gained special attention in an effort to understand its involvement in vascular function. PVAT is recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes procontractile and anticontractile factors, including components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, particularly angiotensinogen (AGT). This review critically addresses the occurrence of AGT in PVAT, its release into the blood stream, and its contribution to the generation and effects of angiotensins (notably angiotensin-(1–7) and angiotensin II) in the vascular wall. It describes that the introduction of transgenic animals, expressing AGT at 0, 1, or more specific location(s), combined with the careful measurement of angiotensins, has revealed that the assumption that PVAT independently generates angiotensins from locally synthesized AGT is incorrect. Indeed, selective deletion of AGT from adipocytes did not lower circulating AGT, neither under a control diet nor under a high-fat diet, and only liver-specific AGT deletion resulted in the disappearance of AGT from blood plasma and adipose tissue. An entirely novel scenario therefore develops, supporting local angiotensin generation in PVAT that depends on the uptake of both AGT and renin from blood, in addition to the possibility that circulating angiotensins exert vascular effects. The review ends with a summary of where we stand now and recommendations for future research.
Refractive Shifts and Changes in Corneal Curvature Associated With Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Canestraro Julia , Hultcrantz Malin , Modi Shanu , Hamlin Paul A. , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Konner Jason A. , Tew William P. , Iyengar Neil M. , Heinemann Murk , Abramson David H. , Francis Jasmine H. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of cancer drug wherein some are associated with corneal abnormalities, but there is a dearth of published information on refractive shifts in patients receiving ADCs. Here, we evaluated the dynamics of refractive error and keratometry readings in patients with ADC-related keratopathy and microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs).

Methods:
This study is a retrospective case series including 58 eyes of 29 patients with ADC-related keratopathy from a single tertiary care cancer referral center (MSKCC). One eye (29 total) was randomly assigned for statistical analysis. In addition, a subset analysis of MEC location–refractive error correlation was performed on 20 eyes. Clinical records including slitlamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, calculated spherical equivalence (SE), keratometry, and visual acuity were recorded at baseline, during, and off treatment.

Results:
A subset analysis of MEC location–refractive error correlation of 20 eyes revealed the following: Peripheral MECs were significantly associated with hyperopic shifts (P value < 0.001) and paracentral/central associated with myopic shifts (P value < 0.001). In the full cohort and on drug, the greatest change in SE from baseline was myopic (68%, as high as −4.75 D) and hyperopic (32%, as much as +3.75 D). Eighty-nine percent had a change in vision from baseline while on drug, but at the 3-month follow-up off drug, SE and vision returned to baseline in 33% and 82% of eyes.

Conclusions:
Peripheral MECs were significantly associated with hyperopic shifts, and paracentral/central MECs were associated with myopic shifts. While on drug, most eyes had a myopic refractive shift, which corresponded with corneal steepening.
In vitro optical performance of multifocal and extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses in spherical aberration conditions
Authors: Park Soohyun , Kim Myoung Joon , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the optical performances of 4 different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) in various spherical aberration (SA) conditions.

Setting:
POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea.

Design:
In vitro laboratory study.

Methods:
A custom optical bench system with adaptive optics was used. A monofocal IOL, a bifocal IOL, a trifocal IOL, and an extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) IOL from Zeiss were evaluated by measuring through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) as a function of vergence. MTF changes with SA from −0.1 to +0.1 with 0.05 μm step size were analyzed and compared.

Results:
In aberration-free conditions, the 4 IOLs showed different MTF curves consistent with their designs. In SA conditions, all the IOLs showed MTF value decreases and the decrease rates at the far focus varied from 28% to 38% per 0.1 μm SAs. The trifocal IOL had low MTF values at the intermediate focus in the noise level with ±0.1 μm SAs.

Conclusions:
All tested IOLs showed MTF decreases with SA in different levels. The trifocal and EDoF IOLs were the most and least sensitive to SA among the evaluated IOLs. The study results might be useful in the selection of IOLs for cataract patients with SA.
Moving the needle on health inequities: principles and tactics for effective cross-sector population health networks
Authors: Gertel-Rosenberg Allison , Viveiros Janet , Koster Alexander , Thompson Georgia , Taylor Bilal , Blackburn Kate Burke , Bo Cindy 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
To summarize elements of cross-sector population health networks to support systems and policy change to achieve equitable access to health services and healthy development opportunities for young children and families, allowing everyone to have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.

Recent findings
The principles and tactics of Equity and Inclusion, Readiness, Joint Planning, Governance, and Data can guide cross-sector networks in effectively supporting communities in addressing health inequities. These principles are not linear or siloed, but rather, they overlap and reinforce each other. The principles require equity and the participation of community members to be central in all aspects of cross-sector network work.

Summary
By building strong relationships among community partners, cross-sector population health networks can ensure the network is not a short-term, transactional one-time project, but rather, a sustained collaboration through enduring processes and infrastructure. Networks can gain a fuller understanding of the needs and assets of a community through engagement and leadership by community members than they could gather from data and surveys alone. This approach to serving a community by making members equal partners in the effort helps to place equity at the center of a network's focus, as does embedding equity-related decision-making tools and processes into daily operations of the network. If cross-sector networks build resilient, inclusive structures and procedures, they can utilize them to quickly pivot and adjust to emerging needs or respond to crisis.