bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MULTIPLE BODY ORGAN FAILURE: A REVIEW
Authors: MAHMOOD ALABDALI AYA YASEEN , CHINNAPPAN SASIKALA , ABD RAZIK BASMA M. , R. MOGANA , KHALIVULLA SHAIK IBRAHIM , H. RAHMAN , SAMEIN LAITH H. 
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); which is a novel single-stranded positive RNA infection which consist of cytokines that activate the pathogenic systems that cause high respiratory pain condition, and adversely affect on multiple body organ in humans as per their immunity standards to fight against the virus. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2). ACE 2 is a sub-part of the Renin-Aldosterone Angiotensin System (RAAS), intelligently communicated in the body's kidney, heart, lungs, and malignant tissues. The malfunctioning of RAAS in the body leads to hypertension, cardiovascular sicknesses, endocrine system and negatively affects a brain-body communication channel. Treatments on the RAAS structure, 'thiazolidinedione's and smoking, toxemia, kidney, lungs disorder due to the SARS-CoV-2 attack on the host cell and notice the behavioral changes of body organs the arrival of cytokines that causes multi-organ damage. This paper involves the study of the effects of coronavirus disease on multiple body-organ injuries.
Replanteamiento de la Agenda 2030 ante el escenario de crisis pandémica: mirada desde la Sociología
Authors: Tamboleo García Rubén 
Published: September 2021

The pandemic crisis has strongly affected both developing and developing countries, so that public policies, development plans and strategic plans such as the 2030 Agenda have been significantly impacted.
As a methodology: examining the scope of Latin American countries, those that had been more involved, and those that were later, can be done by examining which ones had established a government department at the country level for the implementation of the agenda. Those who have not done so will be more difficult to join the achievement of the SDGs effectively by the year 2030.
In addition, inviting professional, academic and scientific reflection, it is worth asking ourselves in what way, and critically, in this scenario of a crisis that indicates that in most countries, it will cost us to take off a few years, maintenance is compatible of the Agenda as planned, if this approach is equally effective for less developed countries, or if there are objectives and priorities that should now receive greater attention from governments and social institutions.
Therefore, if the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals are promoted from the highest levels, it is important to be able to open a critical space to whether this is going to have a positive impact on Latin American society, or nevertheless after the impact of the Pandemic crisis that has not ended, it is necessary to set other objectives. As we can see, there is room for a rethinking or an update of the agenda.
Reconceptulising the Role of the Visiting Lecturer:
Authors: Perry Jo , Probine Sarah 
Published: September 2021

The national lockdown during semester one of 2020 meant the Manukau Institute of Technology Early Childhood teams needed to revisit the existing requirements of their programmes in terms of practicum. In response, the teams developed ‘virtual’ meetings to replace the usual observation visit by a visiting lecturer. By using communication software (Microsoft Teams with cell phone back up) the student and Visiting Lecturer engaged in weekly critically reflective conversations that mentored the student in thinking about their practice, setting goals to work on and articulating their learning. By using the software in this way, the Visiting Lecturers changed their role from merely assessor of practice to firstly, mentor and guide. In the online triadic meetings (also using Microsoft Teams and cell phone back-up) it became clear that the traditional model of the student being told how the assessor felt they had met the practicum criteria was replaced with one where the student was able to articulate for themselves.
At the end of the semester, students and lecturers were invited to give feedback via a survey. The responses focused on the deep learning experienced, ownership of learning, and the confidence the students felt at the on-line triadic. Much more unexpected was the correlation between survey responses and much of the literature. Drawing on these findings, this presentation poses some possibilities for what both the practicum and a reconceptualised relationship between visiting lecturer, associate teacher and students could look like in the ‘new normal’.
Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Ruņģis Dainis Edgars , Krivmane Baiba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.
Succession of Xeric Calcareous Grassland Toward Thermophilous Oak Forest: The Case of Abava Valley, West Latvia
Authors: Laiviņš Māris , Priede Agnese , Kaupe Dārta , Lazdiņš Andis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The succession of semi-natural xeric calcareous grassland plant communities toward deciduous forest communities is poorly studied in Latvia. There is insufficient knowledge on the natural transformation of dry calcareous grasslands of Festuco-Brometea into thermophilous quasi-climax oak forest communities of Quercetea pubescentis that are very rare in Latvia. In this paper, a geobotanical study is presented that included studies of soils, tree age, spatial pattern of trees, vegetation composition of different succession stages, and analysis of environmental factors. The study was conducted in the Abava Valley, West Latvia, an area that is unique with species-rich xeric calcareous Festuco-Brometea grasslands, thermophilous oak forests dominated by Quercus robur, and intermediate secondary succession stages with young to medium-aged Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris formations.
Growing mathematical learners
Authors: Ingram Naomi 
Published: September 2021

Results in the International Trends in Mathematics and Sciences Study, and the National Monitoring Study of Student Achievement, have meant there has been recent focus on mathematics education in New Zealand. As with previous iterations of assessment result reports, the quality of teachers, teaching, teacher education, professional learning, mathematics programmes and curriculum have been questioned by the media. It seems that change in mathematics education in New Zealand may, once again, be imminent. In this paper, there is a plea that any change needs to retain what is positive about mathematics education in New Zealand. Teachers need to be supported to grow their own mathematics content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge so they can make autonomous and sound decisions for their own students’ needs, while retaining the ethic of care they already foster in their classrooms. Support needs to be in the form of rich, centrally managed yet locally adapted, non-divisive resources and professional learning.

Furthermore, any change to mathematics education in New Zealand needs to be centred around students and teachers engaging in authentic mathematics practice. A challenging task approach is described that supports this practice, which has been successfully trialled with New Zealand teachers. In this approach, content is not pre-taught. Rather, teachers support the students to solve challenging tasks by moving through the phases of Launch, Explore, Summarise, and Reflect.
زانژکۆی هەڵەبجە
Authors: Hama Amin Qadir Sherko 
Published: September 2021

ملخص البحث
بحث اللغوي من الاقسام الادب الفولكلورية قليل جدا ، من هذا الزاوية البحث يحمل العنوان ( المثل روءية النحوية و البراغماتية) حسب المنهج التحليلي ،يتكون البحث من الفصلين مع اهم النتائج و في النهاية المصادر و المراجع التي استفدنا منها. الفصل الاول: في هذا الفصل بحثنا التعريف المثل او الحكمة واهم خصائصها وتميزها من الاقسام الادب الفولكلورية اخرى، ثم شرح الحكمة وفق الشكل و المضمون ،واهم معاير تحديد المثل او الحكمة. الفصل الثاني: خصص هذا الفصل للجانب العملي لكن في البداية عرفنا العلامات التداولية مع اهم خصائصهما و التحليل بعض الحكمة في اللغة الكردية من حيث البونية النحوية و العلامات التداولية (الضمائر ،علامات المكان و الزمان مع العلامات الاجتماعية ) وفي النهاية البحث عرضنا اهم النتائج مع القاءمة المصادر و المراجع و ملخص البحث بالغتين العربية و الانكليزية .
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
Authors: QAYYUM SHAZIA , WAQAS BUSHRA , SATTAR ABDUL 
Published: September 2021

Nosocomial infections may be defined as the infections which develop within hospital. There are different types of microorganisms which are involved along with other agents for the spread of these infections. Knowledge about the spread and prevention of these infections is the basic step for control. Hospital staff especially the doctors should be aware about the precautions to control the spread of there infections. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of doctors about hospital acquired infections and its prevention. Study designs: descriptive study Settings and period: In surgical unit of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from 15th June 2006 15th July 2006. Materials and methods: Study population was consisted on 71 doctors including Consultants, Medical Officers and House Officers. Data was collected with the help of questionnaires. Results: Results showed that majority of doctors were aware about nosocomial infections (N.I) but have weakknowledge about their routes of transmission and common types of N.I. Conclusions: The study revealed that doctors have sufficient knowledge regarding N.I and its prevention but certain weakness were observed.
RELATIONSHIP OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE WITH SERUM LIPIDS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN HEALTHY ADULT MALES
Authors: JABEEN MEH , Murad Shah , FURQAN MOHAMMAD , Hassan Zulfiqar-ul- , TURAB MOHSIN , Mahmood Ghazi 
Published: September 2021

Prevalence of morbid obesity has increased dramatically world wide during past three decades. BNP a cardiac lipolytic hormone is found to be decreased in obese hypertensive and heart failure patients. Increasing values of BMI are associated with dyslipidemia. Objective: To find out the relationship of BNP with increasing values of BMI and individual serum lipid fractions in apparently healthy adult males. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology at Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi. Material & Methods: Study included 85 adult males, aged between 20-60 years. All were nonsmokers, non- diabetic, having no other chronic illness and not taking any lipid lowering therapy. Study participants were evaluated for lipid profile and divided into three groups for the calculated BMI values according to WHO and International Obesity Task Force. Brain NatriureticPeptide was assayed by AxSym technology. Results: Brain Natriuretic Peptide developed a negative correlation with BMI, total and LDLcholesterol and a positive relation with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusions: This study concluded that Brain Natriuretic Peptide is negatively related with increasing values of BMI and degree of dyslipidemia in apparently healthy adult males.
INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE OF FEMUR
Authors: KHAN NAJI ULLAH , Khan Mohammad Ayaz , ASKAR ZAHID , Hakeem Awal , AHMED ISRAR , Ullah Faheem , Durrani Zafar 
Published: September 2021

Background: Intertrochanteric (IT) fracture is common in elderly population. The dynamic hip screw is widely accepted in the treatment of IT fractures of the proximal femur. Objectives: To determine the outcome of dynamic hip screw in intertrochanteric fracture of femur in elderly patients. Design: A descriptive observational study Setting: Department of Orthopaedic Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.Period: From 7th Jan 2008 to 7th Jan 2009. Material and Methods: 113 consecutive patients with intertrochanteric fracture of the femur treated with dynamic hip screw. All patients were investigated and optimized for surgery. An accurate close reduction was done under fluoroscopic control. A dynamic hip screw (DHS) was inserted by a standard technique. Patients were reviewed clinically and radiographically on 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th weeks. Results: We studied 113 Patients of intertrochanteric (IT) fracture, 13 patients were lost to follow up and the study was completed on 100 patients. Forty seven (47.0%) patients were male and 53 (53.0%) were female. Postoperatively seven patients (7%) suffered from infections, 3 (3.0 %) patients suffered from restricted hip joint movements. There was shortening of lower limb in 3 (3.0%) patients, 2 (2.0%) patients developed non union of the fracture site, 1 (1.0%) patient develop varus deformity. Seven (7.0%) patients had implant failure, 3 of which have lag screw cut-out through superior cortex, 3 patients have broken leg screw at barrel shaft junction and 1 patient has broken leg screw at 3 sites. 77 (77.0%) healed without complications. Conclusion It is concluded that the Dynamic Hip Screw is safe, suitable and reliable method of fixation for Boyd and Griffin type I and type II intertrochanteric fracture of femur.
CONTROL OF POST-SURGICAL PAIN
Authors: MANSOURI ALI MIR , FARZI FARNOUSH , KHALKHALIRAD SHIRIN , Haryalchi Katayoon , Sediginejad Abas 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There are many complications for patients with post cesarean section relative pain. So it delays in discharging or increasing in hospital stay. The objective of this study was a comparison between Tramadol and Meperidine according to pain relief or other possible complications in post cesarean section pain control. Materials and Methods: This study was a double blind clinical trial. It arranged for 240 parturients who scheduled for emergency cesarean section with pain after surgery in spite of spinal anesthesia. All patients were in ASA class I. They were divided randomly in two groups .Meperidine (M) and Tramadol (T) groups with 120 patients in each group. After beginning of pain in post anesthesia care unit (VAS> or = 4), in group (T) tramadol 1.5 mg/kg and in group (M) meperidine .5 mg/kg were injected intravenously. Apart from pain, other drug complications such as shivering, blood pressure changes, itching, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness were recorded one and two hours after injection. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Relative frequency rate (RFR) of 50% decrease in pain score one hour after intravenous injection was 56.7% in group (T) and 69.2% in group (M) ( P = 0.054). RFR for respiratory depression after one hour was 5.8% in (M) group and 0 in (T) group (P = 0.007). RFR for nausea after one hour was 39.2% in (T) group and 23.3% in (M) group (P = 0.008). RFR for vomiting after one hour was 23.3% in (T) group and 13.3% in (M) group (P= 0.045). RFR for drowsiness after one hour was 25% in (M) group and 3.3% in (T) group (P=0.007). There was no statistically significant relationship after 2nd hour for pain relief, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness between two groups. There was no difference between two groups in RFR for shivering, blood pressurechanges and itching in both two groups. Conclusion: This study illustrates both remedies Meperidine and Tramadol which were effective for pain relief and shivering after cesarean section. But according to high incidence of nausea and vomiting with Tramadol and more analgesic effects of Meperidine than Tramadol, administration of Meperidine is better than Tramadol after cesarean section for pain control.
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: LODHI MUNIR , AZIZ KAMRAN , MUNIR TEHMINA , Lodhi Hamza 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the most prevalent organisms in chronic otitis media in children and their susceptibility to various antibimicrobials so that an appropriate empiric antibiotic can be started promptly while awaiting the results of the culture and sensitivity. Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007. Subject and Methods: A total of 156 patients less than 15 years of age who were having discharge from one or both ears for at least 1 week with tympanic membrane perforation were included in the study.A sample of the ear discharge was collected on the swab and cultured on appropriate media. The Gram positive organisms were identified on the basis of Gram staining, catalase and coagulase test, the Gram negative organisms were identified by API 20e. A total of 156 patients were included in the study of which 96(61.5%) were males and 59(37.8%) were females. The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus in 79(50.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 45 (28.8%) patients and Proteus mirabilis 17 (10.9%), Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp and streptocci were isolated in occasional patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteusmirabilis Fifty four. (34.6%)of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to gentamicin, fifty two (33.3%) to ciprofloxacin and 42 (26.9%)% to both ciprofloxacin and gentarnicin. Among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates 40 (25.6%) were sensitive to gentarnicin, 27(17.3%) to ciprofloxacin and 22 (14.1%) to both ciprofloxacin and gentarnicin. Out of 156 patients 91(58.3%) had isolates which were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 62(39.7%) were resistant to it. One hundred fourteen patients (73.1%)had isolates which were sensitive to gentamicin whereas 33(21.2%) were resistant. Similarly 35 isolates (22.4%) were sensitive to ulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim whereas 66(42.3%) were resistant. Among Proteus mirabilis isolates 12 were sensitive to gentamicin, 11 were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 11 were sensitive to both ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Conclusion: Ciprofoxacin ear drops can be recommended to be given empirically in children with chronic discharging ears. The initial therapy can be modified and appropriate therapy started if the result of the culture and sensitivity report shows the isolate to be resistant to the antibiotic started empirically.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: ALI SHAUKAT , SHAHZAD SYED KHURRAM , SLEHRIA ATIQ UR REHMAN 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To know efficacy of combination of standard interferon α2b and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C. Design: Prospective and analytical. Setting: CMH Bahawalpur. Period: Nov 2008 to Dec 2009. Materials and methods: A total of 126 patients, 104 males and 22 females, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were started combination treatment. Of these, 110 (87.3%) completed the treatment while 16 (12.7%) patients could not complete the treatment so they were dropped out of this study. Patients were started on nterferon α2b in a dose of three million units sub-cutaneous (s/c) thrice a week along with daily Ribavirin 1000 milligram (mg) and 1200 mg orally for patients weighing less or more than 75 kilogram (kg) respectively. The primary outcomes, normalization of ALT and undetectable HCV-RNA by PCR, were determined at end of three and six months of treatment. Results: From Nov 2008 to Dec 2009, a total of 110 patients were treated with combination of Interferon α2b and Ribavirin for 24 weeks. Sixty eight patients (62%), 52 males and 12 females showed “end of treatment response” (ETR). Conclusions: Results of the study show effectiveness of the combination therapy of standard interferon and ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C. Results of this study are comparable to local and international studies.
ADENEXAL CYSTS
Authors: RIAZ TEHREEN , JABEEN SARWAT , TALIB WASEEM , Shami Nabeela 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the risk of malignancy in surgically removed ovarian cysts that was before the operation neither simple nor complex. (2) To determine the relationship of age with type of ovarian tumour. (3) To categorize the management of these cases according to the intra-operative findings. (4) To analyze the occurrence of various histopathological types of tumour. Date Source: Medline Study Design: Single centered prospective descriptive study of 150 cases. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st July 2005 to,31st December 2006. Subject and method: 150 patients presented with adnexal cysts on preoperative ultrasonography, peroperative findings and histopathology reports. These patients were followed up in OPD. Results: Showed the distribution of non-neoplastic and neoplastic tumours which were 84% and 16% respectively. The occurrence of malignancy increased with advancing age especially after 45 years Common presentations were lower abdominal pain (53%) followed by menstrual disturbances (30%), abdominopelvic mass, abdominal distension and infertility. Risk of malignancy also increased with parity. 73% masses were unilateral, 84% benign masses were unilocular whilst 85% malignant masses were echogenic and the complex cysts with papillary projection and multiloculations showed 3-6 times higher risk of malignancy. Most patients were managed by exploratory laparotomy. Cystectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy were the commonest procedures performed. Regarding histopathologic evaluation 40% patients had tumours, 2.66% borderline malignancy and 13.3% malignant. 44% had non-neoplastic lesions. Serous and endometriotic cysts were the commonest benign histopathologic types and among malignant ones, epithelial ovarian tumours were the leading variants. Conclusions: Preoperative characterization of adnexal masses using sonographic and demographic data may have considerable potential in determining risk of malignancy and may be advantageous in terms of counseling patients for management.