bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7T dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for the detection of subtle blood–brain barrier leakage
Authors: Canjels Lisanne P. W. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , van den Kerkhof Marieke , Alers Robert‐Jan , Poser Benedikt A. , Wiggins Christopher J. , Schiffer Veronique M. M. M. , van de Ven Vincent , Rouhl Rob P. W. , Palm W. M. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Aldenkamp Albert P. , Ghossein‐Doha Chahinda , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) can be employed to assess the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Detection of BBB leakage at lower field strengths (≤3T) is cumbersome as the signal is noisy, while leakage can be subtle. Utilizing the increased signal‐to‐noise ratio at higher field strengths, we explored the application of 7T DCE‐MRI for assessing BBB leakage.MethodsA dual‐time resolution DCE‐MRI method was implemented at 7T and a slow injection rate (0.3 ml/s) and low dose (3 mmol) served to obtain signal changes linearly related to the gadolinium concentration, that is, minimized for T2* degradation effects. With the Patlak graphical approach, the leakage rate (Ki) and blood plasma volume fraction (vp) were calculated. The method was evaluated in 10 controls, an ischemic stroke patient, and a patient with a transient ischemic attack.ResultsKi and vp were significantly higher in gray matter compared to white matter of all participants. These Ki values were higher in both patients compared to the control subjects. Finally, for the lesion identified in the ischemic stroke patient, higher leakage values were observed compared to normal‐appearing tissue.ConclusionWe demonstrate how a dual‐time resolution DCE‐MRI protocol at 7T, with administration of half the clinically used contrast agent dose, can be used for assessing subtle BBB leakage. Although the feasibility of DCE‐MRI for assessing the BBB integrity at 3T is well known, we showed that a continuous sampling DCE‐MRI method tailored for 7T is also capable of assessing leakage with a high sensitivity over a range of Ki values.
Health Literacy and Food Literacy for K‐12 Schools in theCOVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Vamos Sandra D. , Wacker Corinne C. , Welter Virginia D. E. , Schlüter Kirsten 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFood literacy, a sub‐area of health literacy, is achieving attention in schools, academia, research, health care, businesses, and governments worldwide. Against the current COVID‐19 pandemic backdrop, the relevance of food literacy's interconnected attributes such as nutritional knowledge, food skills, and food environment is gaining traction. Enhancing health and food literacy in the K‐12 school environment are important empowerment tools with the potential to reduce health inequalities as vulnerable people are at risk of limited health literacy.METHODSWe aim to clarify the meaning of food literacy and its relationship to health literacy and other factors influencing eating behavior.RESULTSWe offer a proposed conceptual model depicting connections between relevant theories and constructs in the field of health and nutrition. Concrete actions are offered that contemporary schools can take guided by the utility of the model.CONCLUSIONSThis visual can help guide schools' multidimensional health and food literacy efforts while considering the realities of the current COVID‐19 pandemic context and beyond. This model will provide an overarching reference for schools to consider key constructs to support practice, research, policy, and intervention efforts to advance their health and food literacy agendas.
Improvement in quality and storage ability of rabbit semen by using black or thyme seed as dietary supplementation
Authors: El‐Gindy Yassmine Moemen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe quality of incubated or chilled rabbit semen is quickly lowered with time due to high‐rate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Black seed (BS) and thyme (THY) are rich sources of natural antioxidants, which may be able to control ROS production and improve semen quality for use in artificial insemination. In this study, V‐line rabbit bucks, seven months old, were fed diets supplemented with 50 or 100 g of BS or THY for 60 days. Semen was collected twice weekly. The quality of fresh sperm was measured, and diluted sperm was incubated for up to 12 h. Chilled, diluted sperm, stored at 4℃ for up to 3 days, was evaluated. The results indicated that BS and THY increased rabbit libido, decreased abnormal sperm and non‐viable sperm percentages and significantly lowered total bacteria counts of diluted sperm. In conclusion, bucks fed a diet supplemented with BS or THY had enhanced semen quality and storage life, because of the antioxidant properties of BS and THY. The best incubation results were obtained with the THY100 treatment, whereas the best‐chilled results were obtained with the BS100 group.
Outcome of dogs and cats with benign oesophageal strictures after balloon dilatation or stenting: 27 cases (2002–2019)
Authors: Da Riz F. , Béguin J. , Manassero M. , Faucher M. , Freiche V. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesAcquired oesophageal strictures remain challenging to manage in canine and feline patients. The aims of this study were to describe the treatment, complications, short‐term outcome and long‐term follow‐up of benign oesophageal strictures treated by balloon dilatation or stenting in dogs and cats and to describe adjunctive techniques to minimise the complication rate of stent placement.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of medical records of dogs and cats with benign oesophageal stricture diagnosed under endoscopy between 2002 and 2019.ResultsEighteen dogs and nine cats were included, representing 39 strictures. Balloon dilatation was used as first‐line therapy, with a good outcome in 59% of cases. Stents were placed in eight cases due to stricture recurrence; 88% had a long‐term satisfactory outcome. Short‐term complications occurred in six of eight cases; migration and aberrant mucosal reaction were uncommon. In three cases, progressive mesh cutting during follow‐up reduced discomfort and trichobezoars formation and improved long‐term stent tolerance. Overall median survival time was 730 days.Clinical SignificanceLong‐term prognosis of balloon dilatation as a first‐line therapy for esophageal strictures and of stenting as a rescue therapy was considered satisfactory. Although discomfort associated with stenting was frequent, tolerability might be improved by per‐endoscopic adjunctive techniques.
Changes in dream features across the first and second waves of the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Conte Francesca , Rescott Marissa Lynn , De Rosa Oreste , Cellini Nicola , Coppola Alessia , Cerasuolo Mariangela , Malloggi Serena , Giganti Fiorenza , Ficca Gianluca 
Published: June 2021

SummaryResearch during the Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted its significant impact on dreaming. Here we address changes in dream features both during the first wave, when the Italian government imposed a total lockdown, and the second wave (autumn 2020), when a partial lockdown was effected. In April 2020 (total lockdown), 1,622 participants (Mage = 34.1 ± 13.6 years; 1171F) completed an online survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a set of questions on dream features and their possible changes relative to the month preceding the lockdown (pre‐total lockdown). In November 2020 (partial lockdown), 214 participants (Mage = 36.78 ± 14.2 years; 159F) from the previous sample completed the same survey. Approximately half of the subjects reported increased or decreased dream frequency (30.5% and 21.8%), length (27.1% and 15.8%) and vividness (31.5% and 17.1%) during total lockdown as well as during partial lockdown (frequency: 30.3% and 13.5%; length: 23.3% and 12.6%; vividness: 31.6% and 24.1%). Dream affect became significantly more negative in total lockdown relative to pre‐total lockdown and in partial lockdown relative to pre‐partial lockdown (bothp < .001). Both in total lockdown and partial lockdown, increased negative dream emotionality significantly predicted changes in dream frequency, length and vividness, and was significantly predicted, in turn, by worsened sleep quality. Our data confirm that dream features are significantly affected by major life changes such as those imposed by a pandemic. The fact that between lockdowns negative dream affect returned almost to baseline level suggests that dream emotionality is closely related to lifestyle and wake‐time emotional changes. Also, our findings point to a modulating role of sleep quality on dream emotionality.
Cavezzo—The double face of a meteorite: Mineralogy, petrography, and geochemistry of a very unusual chondrite
Authors: Pratesi Giovanni , Moggi Cecchi Vanni , Greenwood Richard C. , Franchi Ian A. , Hammond Samantha J. , Di Martino Mario , Barghini Dario , Taricco Carla , Carbognani Albino , Gardiol Daniele 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Cavezzo meteorite, which fell on January 1, 2020, is the first meteorite detected and recovered by the Italian PRISMA Fireball Network. Two specimens, weighing 3.12 g (specimen 1) and 52.19 g (specimen 2), were collected 3 days after the bolide was observed, thanks to an effective media campaign that encouraged the involvement of local people. The two specimens of this meteorite have not only completely different lithological characteristics but also a different geochemistry and oxygen isotopic composition as well. Specimen 1 is anomalous both for the textural–structural features, varying seamlessly from chondritic to “achondritic,” and a very unusual modal mineralogy—such as the relatively high amount of olivine (63.1 vol%), plagioclase (18.2 vol%), high‐Ca pyroxene (10.3 vol%), and chlorapatite (2.1 vol%); and the unusually low content of low‐Ca pyroxene (5.8 vol%), metal (0.1 vol%), and troilite (much lesser than 0.1 vol%)—although the compositional values for olivine (Fa 24.24 mol%) and low‐Ca pyroxene (Fs 20.41 mol%) appear to be similar to those of the L chondrite group. Conversely, in specimen 2, not only the texture and the crystal chemistry but also the modal mineralogy (low‐Ca pyroxene much more abundant than high‐Ca pyroxene and occurrence of metal and sulfides) look like those of an ordinary L chondrite. The differences between the two specimens are also confirmed by geochemistry. The oxygen isotope composition of specimen 1 plots at the boundary between the H and L groups (δ17O‰ 3.250; δ18O‰ 4.736; Δ17O‰ 0.788) whereas specimen 2 plots at the boundary of the L and LL fields (δ17O‰ 3.737; δ18O‰ 4.957; Δ17O‰ 1.159). The bulk chemistry shows a different content of many minor and trace elements (including rare earth elements), such as a strong depletion of siderophile and chalcophile elements in specimen 1. The two specimens then do not contain fragments of each other, thus preventing us from classifying this “double face” meteorite as an ordinary chondrite breccia. In detail, specimen 1 can be considered a “xenolith” in which chondritic structure and igneous texture coexist without discontinuity, and therefore, it represents a previously unsampled portion of the L parent body. In summary, these findings support the classification of Cavezzo as an L5 anomalous chondrite.
Measuring health professionals' beliefs about skin‐to‐skin care during a cesarean
Authors: Crenshaw Jeannette T. , Adams Ellise D. , Gilder Richard E. , Nolte Hannah G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWomen and their newborns are at risk of delayed or withheld skin‐to‐skin care (SSC) during a caesarean, which is about one‐third of births, worldwide. To date, no instrument exists to assess health professionals' (HPs) beliefs, and potential barriers and strategies for implementing SSC during a cesarean. The study aims were to (1) develop an instrument,Health Professionals' Beliefs about Skin‐to‐Skin Care During a Cesarean(SSCB), (2) establish its validity and reliability and (3) describe HPs' beliefs about SSC during a caesarean. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to test the SSCBand describe HPs' beliefs. SSCBanalysis yielded a content validity of 0.83 and reliability ofα = 0.9. We grouped all practice roles as either nurses or physicians. The mean rank score for nurses (n = 120,M = 90) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than physicians (n = 46,M = 79). Despite this difference, scores for both roles reflected support for SSC. Participants identified hospital readiness to implement SSC and maintaining maternal and newborn safety as major issues. SSCBis a valid, reliable instrument to measure HPs' beliefs about SSC during a caesarean birth. HPs can use the SSCBduring quality improvement initiatives to improve access to immediate SSC for women who have a caesarean birth. Improved access can enhance breastfeeding outcomes and promote optimal maternal and child health.
Invasion history shapes host transcriptomic response to a body‐snatching parasite
Authors: Tobias Zachary J. C. , Fowler Amy E. , Blakeslee April M. H. , Darling John A. , Torchin Mark E. , Miller A. Whitman , Ruiz Gregory M. , Tepolt Carolyn K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy shuffling biogeographical distributions, biological invasions can both disrupt long‐standing associations between hosts and parasites and establish new ones. This creates natural experiments with which to study the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. In estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico, the white‐fingered mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) is infected by a native parasitic barnacle,Loxothylacus panopaei(Rhizocephala), which manipulates host physiology and behaviour. In the 1960s,L. panopaeiwas introduced to the Chesapeake Bay and has since expanded along the southeastern Atlantic coast, while host populations in the northeast have so far been spared. We use this system to test the host's transcriptomic response to parasitic infection and investigate how this response varies with the parasite's invasion history, comparing populations representing (i) long‐term sympatry between host and parasite, (ii) new associations where the parasite has invaded during the last 60 years and (iii) naïve hosts without prior exposure. A comparison of parasitized and control crabs revealed a core response, with widespread downregulation of transcripts involved in immunity and moulting. The transcriptional response differed between hosts from the parasite's native range and where it is absent, consistent with previous observations of increased susceptibility in populations lacking exposure to the parasite. Crabs from the parasite's introduced range, where prevalence is highest, displayed the most dissimilar response, possibly reflecting immune priming. These results provide molecular evidence for parasitic manipulation of host phenotype and the role of gene regulation in mediating host–parasite interactions.
Role of innate immunity and myeloid cells in susceptibility to allergic disease
Authors: Noel Justine C. , Berin M. Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAllergic diseases, including
asthma, food allergy, eczema, and allergic rhinitis, are common diseases increasing in prevalence. Allergy, a failure of immune tolerance to innocuous environmental allergens, is characterized by allergen‐specific immune responses, including IgE antibodies and T helper and T follicular helper cells producing type 2 cytokines. Despite the central role of adaptive immunity in pathophysiology of allergy, there is a growing body of evidence indicating an important role for the innate immune system in allergic disease. In this review, we focus on epithelial–mononuclear phagocyte communication in the control of allergy and tolerance. We discuss studies on early life environmental exposures and allergy susceptibility, and the evidence for innate training of mononuclear phagocytes as the mechanistic link between exposure and health or disease.
Heterogeneous Income Profiles Model with Fixed Effects: Incorporating Labour Income Shocks*
Authors: Lee Nayoung , Moon Hyungsik Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe provide an alternative econometrics methodology to estimate a standard heterogeneous income profiles (HIP) model. Our alternative setup allows for the HIP coefficients to be fixed in the sense that they can be arbitrarily correlated with the explanatory variables of the HIP equation and can be treated as parameters to be estimated. As an empirical application, we analyse the extent to which different sources of labour income shocks account for the persistence and variation of composite income shocks based on the HIP model. Our estimation results from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) suggest that the random effect assumption of no correlation can lead to biases. We also find that job displacements account for the persistence of income shocks the most, especially for high school educated individuals.
Insights into the effect of human civilization on Malus evolution and domestication
Authors: Chen Pengxiang , Li Zhongxing , Zhang Dehui , Shen Wenyun , Xie Yinpeng , Zhang Jing , Jiang Lijuan , Li Xuewei , Shen Xiaoxia , Geng Dali , Wang Liping , Niu Chundong , Bao Chana , Yan Mingjia , Li Haiyan , Li Cuiying , Yan Yan , Zou Yangjun , Micheletti Diego , Koot Emily , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe evolutionary history of the Malus genus has not been well studied. In the current study, we presented genetic evidence on the origin of the Malus genus based on genome sequencing of 297 Malus accessions, revealing the genetic relationship between wild species and cultivated apples. Our results demonstrated that North American and East Asian wild species are closer to the outgroup (pear) than Central Asian species, and hybrid species including natural (separated before the Pleistocene, about 2.5 Mya) and artificial hybrids (including ornamental trees and rootstocks) are between East and Central Asian wild species. Introgressions from M. sylvestris in cultivated apples appeared to be more extensive than those from M. sieversii, whose genetic background flowed westward across Eurasia and eastward to wild species including M. prunifolia, M. × asiatica, M. × micromalus, and M. × robust. Our results suggested that the loss of ancestral gene flow from M. sieversii in cultivated apples accompanied the movement of European traders around the world since the Age of Discovery. Natural SNP variations showed that cultivated apples had higher nucleotide diversity than wild species and more unique SNPs than other apple groups. An apple ERECTA‐like gene that underwent selection during domestication on 15th chromosome was identified as a likely major determinant of fruit length and diameter, and an NB‐ARC domain‐containing gene was found to strongly affect anthocyanin accumulation using a genome‐wide association approach. Our results provide new insights into the origin and domestication of apples and will be useful in new breeding programmes and efforts to increase fruit crop productivity.
CRISPR‐Cas9 editing of CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE 1 and 2 shows their importance and partial redundancy in lignification in Populus tremula × P. alba
Authors: de Vries Lisanne , Brouckaert Marlies , Chanoca Alexandra , Kim Hoon , Regner Matthew R. , Timokhin Vitaliy I. , Sun Yi , De Meester Barbara , Van Doorsselaere Jan , Goeminne Geert , Chiang Vincent L. , Wang Jack P. , Ralph John , Morreel Kris , Vanholme Ruben , Boerjan Wout 
Published: June 2021

SummaryLignins are cell wall‐located aromatic polymers that provide strength and hydrophobicity to woody tissues. Lignin monomers are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, wherein CAFFEOYL SHIKIMATE ESTERASE (CSE) converts caffeoyl shikimate into caffeic acid. Here, we explored the role of the two CSE homologs in poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba). Reporter lines showed that the expression conferred by both CSE1 and CSE2 promoters is similar. CRISPR‐Cas9‐generated cse1 and cse2 single mutants had a wild‐type lignin level. Nevertheless, CSE1 and CSE2 are not completely redundant, as both single mutants accumulated caffeoyl shikimate. In contrast, the cse1 cse2 double mutants had a 35% reduction in lignin and associated growth penalty. The reduced‐lignin content translated into a fourfold increase in cellulose‐to‐glucose conversion upon limited saccharification. Phenolic profiling of the double mutants revealed large metabolic shifts, including an accumulation of p‐coumaroyl, 5‐hydroxyferuloyl, feruloyl and sinapoyl shikimate, in addition to caffeoyl shikimate. This indicates that the CSEs have a broad substrate specificity, which was confirmed by in vitro enzyme kinetics. Taken together, our results suggest an alternative path within the phenylpropanoid pathway at the level of the hydroxycinnamoyl‐shikimates, and show that CSE is a promising target to improve plants for the biorefinery.
Traits of a self‐pollinating and preharvest‐sprouting‐resistant line of summer buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuro , Sekiguchi Yurie , Hara Takahiro , Katsu Kenjiro , Matsuura Asana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the important breeding issues in buckwheat is to increase resistance to preharvest sprouting, which can result in the loss of yield and quality of buckwheat food, especially in spring‐sown buckwheat. The preharvest‐sprouting resistance of self‐pollinating buckwheat in the summer ecotype is very weak. Therefore, we developed a self‐pollinating breeding line IHK1, which has strong preharvest‐sprouting‐resistance traits. IHK1 was developed by cross breeding between ‘Kyukei37’ (a preharvest‐sprouting‐resistant outcrossing line) and IH3 (a self‐pollinating summer‐ecotype line). Progeny analysis revealed that the preharvest‐sprouting resistance trait in IHK1 was dominant. In three field trials conducted over 2 years, the maturation time of IHK1 was the same as that of ‘Harunoibuki’, the leading spring‐sown variety in the Kyushu region and the plant was shorter than ‘Harunoibuki’. The yield of IHK1 was approximately 70%–85% of that of ‘Harunoibuki’ (165 kg/10 a; average of three times cultivation), whereas it was approximately 258%–333% when compared with IH3. Thus, IHK1 is a promising breeding line for self‐pollinating buckwheat, especially spring‐sown buckwheat.
Computer Modeling Indicates Dramatically Less DNA Damage from Far‐UVC Krypton Chloride Lamps (222 nm) than from Sunlight Exposure
Authors: Eadie Ewan , O’Mahoney Paul , Finlayson Louise , Barnard Isla Rose Mary , Ibbotson Sally Helen , Wood Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate, with computer modeling, the DNA damage (assessed by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation) from far‐ultraviolet C (far‐UVC) in comparison with sunlight exposure in both a temperate (Harwell, England) and Mediterranean (Thessaloniki, Greece) climate. The research utilizes the published results from Barnard et al. [Barnard, I.R.M (2020) Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 36, 476–477] to determine the relative CPD yield of unfiltered and filtered far‐UVC and sunlight exposure. Under current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) exposure limits, 10 min of sunlight at an ultraviolet (UV) Index of 4—typical throughout the day in a temperate climate from Spring to Autumn—produces equivalent numbers of CPD as 700 h of unfiltered far‐UVC or more than 30 000 h of filtered far‐UVC at the basal layer. At the top of the epidermis, these values are reduced to 30 and 300 h, respectively. In terms of DNA damage induction, as assessed by CPD formation, the risk from sunlight exposure greatly exceeds the risk from far‐UVC. However, the photochemistry that will occur in the stratum corneum from absorption of the vast majority of the high‐energy far‐UVC photons is unknown, as are the consequences.