bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental aspects of NPY‐decorated gold nanoclusters using randomized hybrid design against breast cancer cell line
Authors: Desai Drashti , Shende Pravin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are potential carrier system for bioactive like proteins and peptides used in various therapeutics against various ailments. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is consists of 36 amino acids used to treat depression, obesity, epilepsy, and so on. but possess instability at higher temperatures causing its limited usage. The present study focused on the NPY‐decorated AuNCs prepared using desolvation reduction technique and optimized through randomized hybrid design. ATR‐FTIR, 1H NMR and CD spectroscopic studies confirmed the AuNCs structure interaction with NPY. The optimized NPY‐decorated AuNCs possessed 85.6 ± 2.08% of entrapment efficiency with 85.32 ± 7.55% of NPY release for 24 h. It displayed dose‐dependent cell cytotoxicity, IC50 value of 0.7 ± 0.05 μg mL‐1 and apoptosis of 68.48 ± 7.35% with controlled cell migration causing G0G1 cell arrest by penetrating cancer cell membrane on MCF‐7 cell line. Furthermore, the AuNCs caused surface disruption of the cancerous cell further interrupting the protein synthesis by MAPK pathway leading to cell death. The AuNCs were stable for 3 months at 25 ± 2°C due to steric hindrance. Hence, NPY‐decorated AuNCs were found to be effective on MCF‐7 cell line with a significant anti‐apoptotic effect, further emerging as a novel therapeutic delivery system in the management of breast cancer.
Modular development enables rapid design of media for alternative hosts
Authors: Biedermann Andrew M. , Gengaro Isabella R. , Rodriguez‐Aponte Sergio A. , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping media to sustain cell growth and production is an essential and ongoing activity in bioprocess development. Modifications to media can often address host or product‐specific challenges, such as low productivity or poor product quality. For other applications, systematic design of new media can facilitate the adoption of new industrially relevant alternative hosts. Despite manifold existing methods, common approaches for optimization often remain time and labor‐intensive. We present here a novel approach to conventional media blending that leverages stable, simple, concentrated stock solutions to enable rapid improvement of measurable phenotypes of interest. We applied this modular methodology to generate high‐performing media for two phenotypes of interest: biomass accumulation and heterologous protein production, using high‐throughput, milliliter‐scale batch fermentations of Pichia pastoris as a model system. In addition to these examples, we also created a flexible open‐source package for modular blending automation on a low‐cost liquid handling system to facilitate wide use of this method. Our modular blending method enables rapid, flexible media development, requiring minimal labor investment and prior knowledge of the host organism, and should enable developing improved media for other hosts and phenotypes of interest.
Comparative pharmacokinetic study of six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration ofSaururus chinensisextract by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Chen Hongjiang , Luo Yiyuan , Liu Jianan , Chen Jianwei , Chen Yong , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSaururus chinensis(SC) possesses significant anti‐diabetic activity and lignans were its major bioactive compounds. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous quantification of six lignans, namely (‐)‐(7R,8R)‐machilin D (1), verrucesin (2),rel‐(7S,8S,7′R,8′R)‐3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexamethoxy‐7.O.7′,8.8′‐lignan (3), manassantin A (4), manassantin B (5), and saucerneol F (6) in rat’s plasma. It was validated with acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.9922), accuracy (80.42–95.17%), precision (RSD ≤ 12.08%), and extraction recovery (80.36–93.45%). The method was successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of the six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of SC extract. Results showed that the areas under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0 → tand AUC0 → ∞) of (‐)‐(7R,8R)‐machilin D,rel‐(7S,8S,7′R,8′R)‐3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexamethoxy‐7.O.7′,8.8′‐lignan, manassantin B, and saucerneol F in diabetic rats were significantly increased, and the plasma clearance (CL) of (‐)‐(7R,8R)‐machilin D in diabetic rats was significantly decreased. However, the AUC0 → tand AUC0 → ∞of verrucesin were significantly decreased, and its CL was significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with those in normal rats. These results indicated that there were remarkable differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the normal and diabetic rats. The pharmacokinetic studies might be beneficial for the clinical use of SC as hypoglycemic agent.
Variation of surgical anatomy of the thoracic portion of the long thoracic nerve
Authors: Ormsby Neal M. , Hawkes David H. , Ng Chye Yew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDecompression of the long thoracic nerve (LTN) is a potentially beneficial procedure for selected patients with LTN palsy. The aim of this work is to describe the surgical anatomy of the thoracic part of the LTN and highlight its variations. A retrospective review of patients undergoing exploration of the LTN was performed. Preoperatively, all patients had serratus anterior dysfunction and underwent electromyographic (EMG) assessment. All patients had an initial trial of nonoperative management. The surgical procedures were undertaken by the senior author. The anatomy of the LTN and the associated vasculature was recorded in patient records, and with digital photography. Forty‐five patients underwent LTN exploration. Two patients with iatrogenic injury were excluded, leaving 43 patients for analysis. Mean age was 36 years. Sixty‐seven percent of cases involved the dominant side. Trauma was the commonest cause, followed by neuralgic amyotrophy. Four patients had typical features of serratus anterior dysfunction but with normal EMG studies. Two distinct patterns of LTN anatomy were noted. In 79% of cases, a single major nerve trunk coursing along serratus anterior was observed and classified as a type I LTN. In 21% of cases, two equal major branches of the nerve were identified, which was classified as a type II LTN. Approximately one in five patients may have two major branches of the LTN. This is of clinical relevance to those who undertake any thoracic procedures, as well as those who are considering exploration of the LTN.
Carbon Nanospheres with High Intra‐ and Inter‐Sphere Porosities for High‐Rate Energy‐Storage Applications
Authors: Liu Xudong , Wang Xinling , Zhang Ximeng , Raisi Bahareh , Rahmatinejad Jalal , Ye Zhibin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKinetic problems restrict the applications of carbon‐based materials in energy‐storage systems at high currents. Herein, small carbon nanospheres (5 and 20 nm in average diameter) featured with high intra‐sphere micro‐/meso‐porosity and inter‐sphere meso‐/macro‐porosity are demonstrated as high‐rate anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (capacity retention: 42.3 % at 1 A g−1 relative to 0.05 A g−1), enabling rapid lithium‐ion diffusion with shortened diffusion lengths. Additionally, the rapid lithium‐ion response is also verified with their superior capacitance retention at high currents as electrode materials for electrical double layer capacitors (capacitance retention: 69.2 % at 100 A g−1 relative to 0.5 A g−1). Our results confirm the optimum energy‐storage performance of this class of nanocarbons with hierarchical micro‐/meso‐/macro‐porous structures.
Rigid, Highly Reactive and Stable DOTA‐like Tags Containing a Thiol‐Specific Phenylsulfonyl Pyridine Moiety for Protein Modification and NMR Analysis**
Authors: Ma Bo , Chen Jia‐Liang , Cui Chao‐Yu , Yang Feng , Gong Yan‐Jun , Su Xun‐Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSite specific installation of a paramagnetic ion with magnetic anisotropy in a biomolecule generates valuable structural restraints, such as pseudocontact shifts (PCSs) and residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). These paramagnetic effects can be used to characterize the structures, interactions and dynamics of biological macromolecules and their complexes. Two single‐armed DOTA‐like tags, BrPSPy‐DO3M(S)A‐Ln and BrPSPy‐6M‐DO3M(S)A‐Ln, each containing a thiol‐specific reacting group, that is, a phenylsulfonyl pyridine moiety, are demonstrated as rigid, reactive and stable paramagnetic tags for protein modification by formation of a reducing resistant thioether bond between the protein and the tag. The two tags present high reactivity with the solvent exposed thiol group in aqueous solution at room temperature. The introduction of Br at the meta‐position in pyridine enhances the reactivity of 4‐phenylsulfonyl pyridine towards the solvent exposed thiol group in a protein, whereas the ortho‐methyl group in pyridine increases the rigidity of the tag in the protein conjugates. The high performance of these two tags has been demonstrated in different cysteine mutants of ubiquitin and GB1. The high reactivity and rigidity of these two tags can be added in the toolbox of paramagnetic tags suitable for the high‐resolution NMR measurements of biological macromolecules and their complexes.
Exciton Coupling in Redox‐Active Salen based Self‐Assembled Metallacycles
Authors: Herasymchuk Khrystyna , Allain Magali , MacNeil Gregory A. , Carré Vincent , Aubriet Frédéric , Leznoff Daniel B. , Sallé Marc , Goeb Sébastien , Storr Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of a redox‐active nickel salen complex into supramolecular structures was explored via coordination‐driven self‐assembly with homobimetallic ruthenium complexes (bridged by oxalato or 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinato ligands). The self‐assembly resulted in the formation of a discrete rectangle using the oxalato complex and either a rectangle or a catenane employing the larger naphthoquinonato complex. The formation of the interlocked self‐assembly was determined to be solvent and concentration dependent. The electronic structure and stability of the oxidized metallacycles was probed using electrochemical experiments, UV‐Vis‐NIR absorption, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, confirming ligand radical formation. Exciton coupling of the intense near‐infrared (NIR) ligand radical intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands provided further confirmation of the geometric and electronic structures in solution.
Design and Control of Perylene Supramolecular Polymers through Imide Substitutions
Authors: Wilson‐Kovacs Robert S. , Fang Xue , Hagemann Maximilian J. L. , Symons Henry E. , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe number and type of new supramolecular polymer (SMP) systems have increased rapidly in recent years. Some of the key challenges faced for these novel systems include gaining full control over the mode of self‐assembly, the creation of novel architectures and exploring functionality. Here, we provide a critical overview of approaches related to perylene‐based SMPs and discuss progress to exert control over these potentially important SMPs through chemical modification of the imide substituents. Imide substitutions affect self‐assembly behaviour orthogonally to the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of the perylene core, making for a valuable approach to tune SMP properties. Several recent approaches are therefore highlighted, with a focus on controlling 1) morphology, 2) H‐ or J‐ aggregation, and 3) mechanism of growth and degree of aggregation using thermodynamic and kinetic control. Areas of potential future exploration and application of these functional SMPs are also explored.
Selection of endometrial carcinomas for p53 immunohistochemistry based on nuclear features
Authors: Kang Eun Young , Wiebe Nicholas JP , Aubrey Christa , Lee Cheng‐Han , Anglesio Michael S , Tilley Derek , Ghatage Prafull , Nelson Gregg S , Lee Sandra , Köbel Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization endorses molecular subclassification of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (EECs). Our objectives were to test the sensitivity of tumor morphology in capturing p53 abnormal (p53abn) cases and to model the impact of p53abn on changes to ESGO/ESTRO/ESP (European Society of Gynaecological Oncology/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Society of Pathology) risk stratification. A total of 292 consecutive endometrial carcinoma resections received at Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (2019–2021) were retrieved and assigned to ESGO risk groups with and without p53 status. Three pathologists reviewed the representative H&E‐stained slides, predicted the p53 status, and indicated whether p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) would be ordered. Population‐based survival for endometrial carcinomas diagnosed during 2008–2016 in Alberta was obtained from the Alberta Cancer Registry. The cohort consisted mostly of grade 1/2 endometrioid carcinomas (EEC1/2; N = 218, 74.6%). One hundred and fifty‐two EEC1/2 (52.1% overall) were stage IA and 147 (50.3%) were low risk by ESGO. The overall prevalence of p53abn and subclonal p53 was 14.5 and 8.3%, respectively. The average sensitivity of predicting p53abn among observers was 83.6%. Observers requested p53 IHC for 39.4% with 98.5% sensitivity to detect p53abn (99.6% negative predictive value). Nuclear features including smudged chromatin, pleomorphism, atypical mitoses, and tumor giant cells accurately predicted p53abn. In 7/292 (2.4%), p53abn upgraded ESGO risk groups (2 to intermediate risk, 5 to high risk). EEC1/2/stage IA patients had an excellent disease‐specific 5‐year survival of 98.5%. Pathologists can select cases for p53 testing with high sensitivity and low risk of false negativity. Molecular characterization of endometrial carcinomas has great potential to refine ESGO risk classification for a small subset but offers little value for approximately half of endometrial carcinomas, namely, EEC1/2/stage IA cases.
Chemistry education for sustainability – sustainability as a common thread through school chemistry and an example of a teaching unit on the climate impact of carbon dioxide
Authors: Kiesling Elisabeth , Venzlaff Julian , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNachhaltigkeitsbezogene Themen werden schon lange im Chemieunterricht behandelt. Um einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung, BNE, nachzukommen, müssen mehrere Dimensionen, die ökologische, die ökonomische, die politische, die soziale und die kulturelle Dimension, eines Themas betrachtet werden, um Zusammenhänge zu verstehen und Lernende zu einem nachhaltigen Handeln zu führen. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie fast alle Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der UNESCO angebunden an die Pflichtinhalte des Chemieunterrichts berücksichtigt werden können. Exemplarisch wird zudem für ein vorgestelltes Lernangebot zum Thema “Klimawirksamkeit von Kohlenstoffdioxid und Ansätze zur Emissionsreduktion“ für die Einführungsphase (Klasse 10 bzw. 11) aufgezeigt, wie die genannten Dimensionen im Chemieunterricht adressiert werden können.
Aquaculture for improving productivity, income, nutrition and women's empowerment in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Parrao Constanza , Shisler Shannon , Moratti Marta , Yavuz Cem , Acharya Arnab , Eyers John , Snilstveit Birte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA steady increase in the international production and consumption of fish has positioned aquaculture as a development option. Previous literature has highlighted the potential of aquaculture to improve economic, nutritional and gender equality outcomes, however, the evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes remains unclear.ObjectivesThe review assessed whether aquaculture interventions increase the productivity, income, nutrition, and women's empowerment of individuals. We additionally aimed to identify barriers and facilitators that could affect the effectiveness of these interventions, and the cost‐effectiveness of such programmes.MethodsWe searched for experimental and quasi‐experimental studies focused on low‐ and middle‐income countries. We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Campbell Collaboration for the data collection and analysis.ResultsWe identified 21 impact evaluations assessing the effect of 13 aquaculture interventions in low‐ and lower‐middle income countries. Twelve of these studies have a high risk of bias. Aquaculture interventions lead to a small increase in the production value, income, total expenditures and food consumption of participants. The limited availability of evidence prevented us from assessing other nutritional and women's empowerment outcomes. We identified barriers and facilitators affecting the programmes' set up, the participation of beneficiaries, and the level of productive activities. Insufficient cost data hindered full comparisons across programmes.ConclusionsThe review suggests a lack of rigorous evidence assessing the effectiveness of aquaculture programmes. Future research could focus on evaluating nutrition and women's empowerment impacts, promoting reporting standards, and the use of cost data to continue building quality evidence around aquaculture interventions.
Is local recurrence higher among patients who downstage to breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Mamtani Anita , Sevilimedu Varadan , Le Tiana , Morrow Monica , Barrio Andrea V. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIn early studies, local recurrence (LR) rates were higher after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in comparison with upfront surgery. Modern outcomes are uncertain, particularly among those who are initially breast‐conserving surgery–ineligible (BCSi) and downstage to being breast‐conserving surgery–eligible (BCSe).MethodsAmong patients with cT1‐3 breast cancer treated from 2014 to 2018 who were BCSe after NAC, clinicopathologic characteristics and LR were compared between initially BCSe patients and BCSi patients who downstaged. Breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) eligibility was determined prospectively.ResultsAmong 685 patients, 243 (35%) were BCSe before and after NAC and had BCS; 282 (41%) were BCSi before NAC, downstaged to BCSe, and had BCS; and 160 (23%) were BCSi before NAC, downstaged to BCSe, and chose mastectomy. The median age was 52 years, and most cancers were cT1‐2 (84%), cN+ (61%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+; 38%) or triple‐negative (34%). Those who were BCSe before NAC had a lower cT stage, whereas those who chose mastectomy were younger (P < .05). NAC was usually ACT (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and a taxane)‐based (92%), 99% of HER2+ patients received dual blockade, and 99% of BCS patients received adjuvant radiation. At a median follow‐up of 35 months, 22 patients (3.2%) had developed LR. The Kaplan‐Meier 4‐year LR rates were not different among the groups (1.9% for those who were BCSe before and after NAC, 6.3% for those who downstaged to being BCSe and underwent BCS, and 2.7% for those who downstaged and underwent mastectomy; P = .17).ConclusionsLR rates are low after NAC and BCS, even among BCSi patients who downstage, and they are not improved in patients who downstage and choose mastectomy. Mastectomy can be safely avoided in BCSi patients who downstage with NAC.
Architectural colour planning strategy and planning implementation evaluation of historical and cultural cities based on different urban zones in Xuzhou (China)
Authors: Hong Xiaochun , Ji Xiang , Wu Zihan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research examined the colour planning of the city of Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province, China to empirically study the colour planning of historical and cultural cities. Based on considerable investigations, we identified Xuzhou's main hue, which spans from yellowish grayish‐white to yellowish‐gray (XZ11 ~ XZ29). Moreover, we formulated special colour planning schemes according to the attributes of different urban zones. To verify a plan's implementation impact, we used the analytical hierarchy process to construct an evaluation index system for the execution of urban colour planning. The system includes five secondary and 14 tertiary indicators. We employed the Delphi method to evaluate the established index system and to ascertain the weight of each index. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was also used. We assessed the implementation of Xuzhou's main colours in six zones. The results suggest that the impact of colour planning is quite different in various urban zones, and that the colour planning influence of historical blocks is better than that of other urban zones. However, the coordination between colour planning in some areas is not adequate. Based on the above analysis, we evaluate specific problems in the implementation effect of Xuzhou's urban colour planning, as reflected in the secondary evaluation index results, and discuss measures of urban colour harmony planning and design in Xuzhou. We propose a comprehensive planning strategy that can be combined with different scales of urban colour landscapes in the future, which could provide a new optimization direction for Xuzhou's urban colour planning.
Ionization of 2‐ and 4(5)‐Nitroimidazoles Radiosensitizers: A “Kinetic Competition” Between NO2 and NO Losses
Authors: Satta Mauro , Casavola Anna Rita , Cartoni Antonella , Castrovilli Mattea Carmen , Catone Daniele , Chiarinelli Jacopo , Borocci Stefano , Avaldi Lorenzo , Bolognesi Paola 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNitroimidazoles are a class of chemicals with a remarkable broad spectrum of applications from the production of explosives to the use as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The understanding of thedynamics of their fragmentation induced by ionizing sources is of fundamental interest. The goal of this work is to theoretically investigate the kinetic competition between the two most important decomposition channels of 2, 4 and 5‐Nitroimidazole cations: the NO and NO2 losses. The calculated rate constants of the two processes are in very good agreement with the experimental Photoelectron‐Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) branching ratio. This study solves the intriguing and theoretically unexplained experimental observation that 2‐Nitroimidazole, at variance with the other two regio‐isomers is a source for only NO at low energies (<12.76 eV). This is a key point for biomedical application of the nitroimidazoles, because NO is the vasodilator that favors the reoxigenation of hypoxic tumor tissues.