bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Experiences and Perspectives of Implementing and Use of the Classroom Communication Resource (CCR) Intervention: Post Trial Reflections
Authors: Mallick Rizwana , Kathard Harsha , Thabane Lehana , Pillay Mershen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-trial interviews were conducted with teachers who administered the Classroom Communication Resource (CCR) intervention to grade 7 learners in a cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). The intervention addressed teasing and bullying using stuttering and communication as a case example. In alignment with the RCT, the study findings are presented relative to 1. Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome and Timeframe (PICOT); Aim: To describe the teachers’ experiences and reflections of implementing the CCR intervention and the future use of the intervention.Objectives: To describe the teachers’ 1. Suitability of the population at which the CCR was targeted; 2. intervention views including components of the CCR intervention (social story, role-play and discussion), resulting discussion and topics as well as modifications and recommendations; 3. control group researcher observations to contrast findings; 4. outcomes in terms of discussions, behaviour change and teacher observations; 5. time-frame suitability of the CCR. Setting: The Western Cape Metropolitan Urban Area in South Africa. Design: A qualitative exploratory study design was conducted. Teachers, in the intervention groups only, that is those who administered the CCR were interviewed using semi-structured interviews.Participants: Eligible participants included grade 7 teachers from the lower and higher quintile schools who administered the CCR intervention to the grade 7 learners as part of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) study. The participants were not compensated financially for their time. Sample size: A total of six teachers who administered the CCR intervention were interviewed. Analysis: The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was conducted. The data analysis procedure included: familiarisation with the data and generation of initial codes and categories which were clustered into themes.Results:. Overall, teachers found the CCR suitable for grade 7s (population) as a communication and teasing and bullying centered intervention that could be implemented in future with adaptations as a curriculum-imbedded intervention tool. It was recommended that in terms of timeframe, the CCR be implemented using ongoing and continuous activities within classroom lessons so solidify and consolidate key messages of the intervention. Discussion: This paper showed that extending the RCT was an invaluable and important step in contributing to the main trial findings. The additional layer of findings to the RCT showed that teacher collaboration is important in knowledge production. The paper also showed the need for a shift and the effects thereof on both methodology and paradigms (and vice versa) for knowledge production, clinically and for research. Trial registration: Trails.gov (NCT03111524). Registered on 9 March 2017 prospectively.
Assessment of Viability of Legionella Pneumophila in Environmental Samples: On Filter Application of Ethidium Monoazide Bromide
Authors: Consonni Michela , Grassi Anna , Scuri Stefania , Gori Maria , Tanzi Elisabetta , Tesauro Marina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Culture method, Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Ethidium Monoazide Bromide (EMA) qPCR have been compared in order to detect Legionella pneumophila (Lp) in water samples, to identify a method able to speed up the procedures, detect the “viable but not cultivable” bacteria (VBNC) and exclude dead bacteria using a commercial kit for extraction and amplification and modifying the protocol.Methods: Using these three methods, 34 environmental water samples and a series of samples artificially spiked with alive, dead and VBNC Lp ATCC 33152 were analysed. ISO 11731-2-2004 culture method was applied, whereas a commercial kit was selected for both qPCR and EMA qPCR pretreatment.Results: only 35% (12/34) of the environmental samples were positive in both culture and qPCR methods. With regard to EMA qPCR, results showed the absence of dye toxicity on viable and VBNC strains and an incomplete effectiveness on the dead ones. In both viable and VBNC strains a decrease of bacterial DNA amplification was recorded as a function of sample dilution but not of EMA concentration.Conclusions: Discrepancies between culture method and EMA-qPCR were observed and could be due to different causes as membrane-dye interactions, presence of interfering compounds and the relatively low sensitivity of the kit used.Significance and Impact of the Study: In presence of one or more suspected cases of nosocomial legionellosis, the application of a rapid molecular method able to identify only the viable and VBNC Lp would be useful in order to quickly identify the source of infection and to intervene with sanitation treatments. However, because in our experience EMA pretreatment on filter membrane has not given the expected results, it would be necessary to proceed with other experiments and different dyes.
ILRC : A Hybrid Biomarker Discovery Algorithm Based on Improved L1 Regularization and Clustering in Microarray Data
Authors: Yu Kun , Xie Weidong , Wang Linjie , Li Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Finding significant genes or proteins from gene chip data for disease diagnosis and drug development is an important task, and the challenge comes from the curse of the data dimension. It is of great significance to use machine learning methods to find important features from the data and build an accurate classification model.
Results The proposed Method has proved superior to the published advanced hybrid feature selection method and traditional feature selection method on different public microarray data sets. In addition, the results on the cleft lip and palate data set with known biomarkers provided by the cooperative hospital show that compared with other methods, our method can preferentially select these biomarkers.
Method In this paper, a feature selection algorithm ILRC based on clustering and improved L1 regularization is proposed. In this method, the features are first clustered, and the redundant features in the sub-clusters are deleted. Then all the remaining features are iteratively evaluated using ILR, and the final result is output according to the cumulative weight reordering.
Conclusion The proposed method can effectively remove redundant features. The algorithm's output has high stability and classification accuracy and can potentially select potential biomarkers.
Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Ghosh Kinkar , Mobarak Reaz , Kamruzzaman Md , Ahsan Rizwanul , Afroz Shireen , Rahman Maksudur , Akand Nabila , Farzana Nahid , Ashrafi Shah Ali Akbar , Sheefa Maleeha , Nahar Nurun , Ahmed Syed Shafi , Rahman Sheikh Wasik , Macsud Anjim , Hasan Mohammad Jahid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

To delineate the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of pediatric coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients was the objective of the study.
Method:

This observational study included 290 pediatric patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh, from April 2021 to October 2021. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed based on demographic data, medical history, laboratory tests, and outcome information. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 26. Ethical measures were taken in compliance with the current declaration of Helsinki, and final analysis was performed using SPSS 26.
Result

Of all, 42 (14.5%) were neonates (< 28 days), 88 (30.3%) were infants (28 days to < 1 year) and 160 (55.2%) were children (1–17 years). The median age of the children was 18 (0.3–204) months, 58.3% were male, 62% had malnutrition, and presented with various clinical presentations. The main symptoms were fever (5.7%) and breathlessness (20%). Approximately 22% of children were asymptomatic, and 57% had at least one comorbidity. Fever and abdominal pain were predominant presenting symptoms in children compared with neonates and infants (p < .01 for both), while cough and breathlessness were more frequent in infants (p < .01 for both). The infants suffered significantly from neutropenia and lymphocytosis than neonates and children (p < .001 for both). The discharge and death rates were 77.8% with 6.9%. Overall case fatality was higher among neonates than others.
Conclusion

Compared to other pediatric groups, neonatal case fatality was higher, and COVID-19 in neonates, infants, and children has similar epidemiological and clinical manifestations. The findings from this study might help to guide the development of measures to prevent and treat this ongoing global pandemic of these particular age groups.
Riots and Subways: a Relationship Moderated by the Neighborhood’s Income Level
Authors: Cartes Carlos , Asahi Kenzo , Fernández Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social disturbances due to socioeconomic and political factors were present in the media during 2019, including places like France, Hong Kong, Chile, Nigeria, Sudan, Haiti, and Lebanon. In October 2019, Chile saw massive demonstrations in the capital city of Santiago. As a result, the cost of damage to infrastructure during the first month of unrest is estimated at US$ 4.6 billion, and the cost to the Chilean economy was about US$ 3 billion, 1.1% of its Gross Domestic Product. This study aims to analyze how the topology of the public transport network affected the locations of the 2019 riots in Santiago. On average, we find a clear association between proximity to the subway network and riot density. This association is significant only in neighborhoods with residents in the highest and lowest income quartiles. When analyzing social unrest and the critical role of public transport, policymakers should consider the crucial role of income in the previous relationship.
Aggravation of fibrin deposition and microthrombus formation within the graft during kidney transplantation
Authors: Berg Tamar A.J. van den , Heuvel Marius C. van den , Wiersema-Buist Janneke , Adelmeijer Jelle , Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke Gertrude J. , Lisman Ton , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Goor Harry van , Pol Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In kidney transplantation, microthrombi and fibrin deposition may lead to local perfusion disorders and subsequently poor initial graft function. Microthrombi are often regarded as donor-derived. However, the incidence, time of development, and potential difference between living donor kidneys (LDK) and deceased donor kidneys(DDK), remains unclear. Two open-needle biopsies, taken at preimplantation and after reperfusion, were obtained from 17 LDK and 28 DDK transplanted between 2005 and 2008. Paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained with anti-fibrinogen antibody. Fibrin deposition intensity in peritubular capillaries(PTC) and glomeruli was categorized as negative, weak, moderate or strong and the number of microthrombi/mm2 was quantified. Reperfusion biopsies showed more fibrin deposition (20–100% moderate/strong, p < 0.001) and more microthrombi/mm2 (0.97 ± 1.12 vs. 0.28 ± 0.53, p < 0.01) than preimplantation biopsies. In addition, more microthrombi/mm2 (0.38 ± 0.61 vs. 0.09 ± 0.22, p = 0.02) and stronger fibrin intensity in glomeruli (28% vs. 0%, p < 0.01) and PTC (14% vs. 0%, p = 0.02) were observed in preimplantation DDK than LDK biopsies. After reperfusion, microthrombi/mm2 were comparable (p = 0.23) for LDK (0.09 ± 0.22 to 0.76 ± 0.49, p = 0.03) and DDK (0.38 ± 0.61 to 0.90 ± 1.11, p = 0.07). Upon reperfusion, there is an aggravation of microthrombus formation and fibrin deposition within the graft. The prominent increase of microthrombi in LDK indicates that they are not merely donor-derived.
Female hormones prevent sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: an experimental randomized study
Authors: Xerri Alexandre , Gallardo Frédéric , Kober Frank , Mathieu Calypso , Fourny Natacha , Tran Thi Thom , Mege Jean-Louis , Singer Mervyn , Lalevée Nathalie , Bernard Monique , Leone Marc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Although epidemiologic research has demonstrated significant differences in incidence and outcomes of sepsis according to gender, their underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we studied the influence of hormonal status by comparing in vivo cardiac performances measured by MRI in non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized septic female rats.Methods: Control and ovariectomized rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: sham, sepsis and sepsis plus landiolol. Sepsis was induced by caecum ligation and punction (CLP). Cardiac MRI was carried out 18 hours after induction of sepsis to assess in vivo cardiac function. Capillary permeability was evaluated by Evans Blue administration and measurement of its tissue extravasation. Variation in myocardial gene expression was also assessed by qPCR in the left ventricular tissue.Results: Sepsis reduced indexed stroke volume, cardiac index and indexed end-diastolic volume compared to sham group in ovariectomized females whereas it had no effect in control females. Landiolol increased the indexed stroke volume by reversing the indexed end-diastolic volume reduction after sepsis in ovariectomized females, while it decreased indexed stroke volume and cardiac index in control. Major differences in the left ventricular expression of genes coding for calcium signalling and contractile proteins were observed in ovariectomized females compared to control after sepsis, partially restored by landiolol. Moreover, in control females, increase of apoptotic genes by sepsis was maintained after landiolol infusion.Conclusions: Sepsis decreased in vivo cardiac performances in ovariectomized females but not in control females, presumably associated with apoptosis and calcium protein-related contractility defects. Administration of landiolol prevents this cardiac dysfunction in ovariectomized females, while it has deleterious effects in control females.
Calculation of erosion scour of cohesive soil
Authors: Виноградов А.Ю. , Зубова О.В. , Парфенов Е.А. 
Published: June 2021

Проведен анализ существующих способов оценки размыва грунтов в гидротехнических и водопропускных сооружениях, показывающий, что определение глубины и скорости размыва проводится без учета физических свойств связных грунтов. Таким образом, данные параметры оцениваются по эмпирическим зависимостям и с существенными погрешностями. Опытные данные по размыву связных грунтов доказывают, что большая удельная поверхность и гидрофильность глинистых частиц приводят к разуплотнению и выносу микроагрегатов грунта в поток. Предложена математическая модель расчета глубины размыва связных грунтов в зависимости от касательного напряжения в грунте. Учет показателей сцепления и угла внутреннего трения в данной модели позволит избежать погрешностей в расчетах.
The analysis of existing methods for assessing soil erosion in hydraulic engineering and culverts, showing that the determination of the depth and rate of erosion is carried out without taking into account the physical properties of cohesive soils. Thus, these parameters are estimated using empirical relationships and with significant errors. Experimental data on erosion of cohesive soils prove that the large specific surface area and hydrophilicity of clay particles lead to decompaction and the removal of soil microaggregates into the flow. A mathematical model is proposed for calculating the depth of erosion of cohesive soils depending on the shear stress in the soil. Taking into account the adhesion indicators and the angle of internal friction in this model will avoid errors in the calculations.
Beneficial Effects of Choline Alphoscerate on Amyloid-β Neurotoxicity in an In vitro Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Burgaletto Chiara , Di Benedetto Giulia , Munafò Antonio , Bernardini Renato , Cantarella Giuseppina 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative
disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, which represents an urgent public health concern.
Given the worldwide impact of AD, there is a compelling need for effective therapies to slow
down or halt this disorder.

Objective:
Choline alphoscerate (α-GPC) represents a potentially effective cholinergic neurotransmission
enhancing agent with an interesting clinical profile in cognitive dysfunctions improvement,
although only scanty data are available about the mechanisms underlying such beneficial effects.

Methods:
The SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line, differentiated for 1 week with 10 μm of all-trans-retinoic
acid (RA), to achieve a switch towards a cholinergic phenotype, was used as an in vitro model
of AD. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated for 1h with α-GPC (100nM) and treated for 72 h with
Aβ25-35 (10μM).

Results:
α-GPC was able to antagonize Aβ25-35 mediated neurotoxicity and attenuate the Aβ-induced
phosphorylation of the Tau protein. Moreover, α-GPC exerted its beneficial effects by employing
the NGF/TrkA system, knocked down in AD and, consequently, by sustaining the expression
level of synaptic vesicle proteins, such as synaptophysin.

Conclusion:
Taken together, our data suggest that α-GPC can have a role in neuroprotection in the
course of toxic challenges with Aβ. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying its
beneficial effect, could provide new insights into potential future pharmacological applications of
its functional cholinergic enhancement, with the aim to mitigate AD and could represent the basis
for innovative therapy.
Reading Fluency in Spanish Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: del Carmen Pérez-Sánchez María , González-Nosti María , Cuetos Fernando , Martínez Carmen , Álvarez-Cañizo Marta 
Published: June 2021

Background:Reading fluency is essential for our functioning in the literate society in which we live. Reading expressiveness or prosody, along with speed and accuracy, are considered key aspects of fluent reading. Prosodic patterns may vary, not being the same in children learning to read as in adulthood. But little is known about the prosodic characteristics and reading fluency of people with neurodegenerative diseases that causes language impairment and reading difficul- ties, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Objective:The aim of this work was to study reading fluency in AD, considering reading speed, ac- curacy and reading prosody.Method:The participants were 20 healthy elderly Spanish adults, and 20 AD patients, aged 64-88 years. An experimental text was designed, that included declarative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences, words with different stresses and low-frequency words. The reading of the participants was recorded and analyzed using Praat software.Results:The AD group showed significantly longer reading duration, both at the syllable level and at the word and sentence level. These patients also committed more pauses between words, which were also longer, and more reading errors. The control group showed a variation of the syllabic F0 in the three types of sentences, while these variations only appeared in declarative ones in the AD group.Conclusion:The pauses, along with the slight pitch variations and the longer reading times and er- rors committed, compromise the reading fluency of people with AD. Assessment of this reading feature could be interesting as a possible diagnostic marker for the disease.
Zinner Syndrome with Ectopic Ureter Remnant
Authors: Ko Ara , Park Sung Bin , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun Sun 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Zinner syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality defined by a clinical triad
of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction.

Case Presentation:
Most patients are asymptomatic, but if the cystic dilatation of the seminal vesicle
becomes significant, it can result in urinary symptoms such as dysuria and urinary retention.
This rare developmental anomaly related to mesonephric duct can also present with other abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Here, we report our experience of Zinner syndrome with bladder outlet obstruction
and an ectopic ureter remnant.
Antimetastatic Potential of Quercetin Analogues with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile: A Pharmacoinformatic Preliminary Study
Authors: Pavlović Nebojša , Milošević Nastasija , Đjanić Maja , Goločorbin-Kon Svetlana , Stanimirov Bojan , Stankov Karmen , Mikov Momir 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is a crucial pathway for tumor invasion
and metastasis. Recently, multiple anticancer effects of quercetin have been described, including inhibitory activity
against uPA. However, the clinical use of this flavonoid has been limited due to its low oral bioavailability.

Objective:
The objectives of the study were to assess the antimetastatic potential of quercetin analogues by analyzing
their binding affinity for uPA, and to select the compounds with improved pharmacological profiles.

Methods:
Binding affinities of structural analogues of quercetin to uPA receptor were determined by molecular docking
analysis using Molegro Virtual Docker software, and molecular descriptors relevant for estimating pharmacological
profile were calculated from ligand structures using computational models.

Results:
Among 44 quercetin analogues, only one quercetin analogue (3,6,2’,4’,5’-pentahydroxyflavone) was found to
possess higher aqueous solubility and membrane permeability, and stronger affinity for uPA than quercetin, which
makes it a potential lead compound for anticancer drug development. Like quercetin, this compound has five hydroxyl
groups, but arranged differently, which contributes to the higher aqueous solubility and higher amphiphilic moment in
comparison to quercetin. Since membrane permeability is not recognized as the limiting factor for quercetin absorption,
analogues with higher aqueous solubility and retained or stronger uPA inhibitory activity should also be further
experimentally validated for potential therapeutic use.

Conclusion:
Identified quercetin analogues with better physicochemical and pharmacological properties have a high
potential to succeed in later stages of research in biological systems as potential anticancer agents with antimetastatic
activity.
Recent Development and Future Prospects of Molecular Targeted
Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hassan Waseem , Zhang Jinku , Sun Jirui , Bakht Sahar 
Published: June 2021

:
Prostate cancer (PC) is a rapidly increasing ailment worldwide. The previous decade has
observed a rapid advancement in PC therapies that was evident from the number of FDA approvals
during this phase. Androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) have traditionally remained a mainstay
for the management of PCs, but the past decade has experienced the emergence of newer classes of
drugs that can be used with or without the administration of ADT. FDA approved poly (ADP-ribose)
polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib and rucaparib after successful clinical trials
against gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Furthermore, drugs like apalutamide,
darolutamide and enzalutamide with androgen-targeted mechanism of action have manifested
superior results in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), metastatic castration-
sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (m-
CRPC) respectively with or without previously administered docetaxel. Relugolix, an oral gonadotropin-
releasing hormone antagonist and a combination of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone
were also approved by FDA after a successful trial in advanced PC and mCRPC respectively.
This review aims to analyze the FDA-approved agents in PC during last decade and provide a summary
of their clinical trials. It also presents an overview of the ongoing progress of prospective
molecules still under trial.