bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical course of myeloproliferative leukaemia virus oncogene (MPL) mutation‐associated familial thrombocytosis: a review of 64 paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Al‐Harbi Talal , Al‐Zahrani Mohsen , Al‐Balwi Mohammed , Al‐Hazmi Aiman , Alsuhaibani Ahmed , Aljafn Nahed , Alsumari Fatimah , Aleshaiwi Latefah , Alsuhibani Alanoud , Alqasim Ohoud , Ahmad Naveed 
Published: June 2021

SummaryFamilial thrombocytosis (FT) is a rare hereditary haematological disorder characterised by increased platelet count, usually caused by germ‐line mutations in thrombopoietin (THPO), myeloproliferative leukaemia virus oncogene (MPL) or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) genes, and can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis. We aimed to determine the yield of diagnostic tests, assess treatment received and describe the clinical course of MPL‐associated FT. We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric and adult haematology patients diagnosed with MPL‐related FT, who were seen in our clinics from March 2013 to February 2021. Of 64 eligible patients, 26 (41%) were aged <14 years, while the remaining 38 (59%) patients were adults. The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 20 (33·5) years. In all, 26 tribes were represented in this cohort of 64 patients, out of which 31 (48%) patients belonged to two tribes. A total of 60 patients (94%) had thrombocytosis on blood count. Additional genetic tests, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) gene panel, Philadelphia gene breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson (BCR‐ABL) and JAK2, were carried out for 52 patients and only one patient was positive for JAK2 mutation. In all, 21 (33%) patients were prescribed aspirin and seven (11%) were prescribed hydroxyurea. Overall, 63 (98%) patients did not develop any thrombotic or haemorrhagic event. There was no significant association of MPL‐mutated FT with thrombosis or haemorrhage.
Needle dislodgement in hemodialysis patients: Progress in prevention and early intervention
Authors: Ding Qing , Ye Qinglong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeedle dislodgement during hemodialysis is a potentially lethal accident that, although rare, has yet to be completely eliminated in clinical dialysis. Fatal hemorrhaging can occur with the loss of proper needle positioning due to the continuously running pump of the dialysis machine. Cooperative efforts by medical professionals, scientists, and related industries have been made to remove all such risks. In this review, we highlight the recommended practices summarized by professional associations and recent progress regarding the research and development of auxiliary equipment for dialysis nursing aimed at preventing and/or providing early intervention for needle dislodgement.
Estimating serum‐ionized magnesium concentration in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Holzmann‐Littig Christopher , Kuechle Claudius , Bietenbeck Andreas , McCallum Wendy , Heemann Uwe , Renders Lutz , Steubl Dominik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular mortality is significantly increased in kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) patients, which is partly mediated by enhanced vascular calcification. Magnesium appears to have anticalcifying capabilities, and hypomagnesemia has been associated with increased mortality in KFRT patients. Ionized magnesium represents the biologically and physiologically active form. As serum ionized magnesium (Mgion) is difficult to assess in clinical routine estimating equations derived from routinely assessed laboratory parameters could facilitate medical treatment.MethodsWe developed equations to estimate serum Mgion using linear regression analysis in 191 hemodialysis (HD) patients. Reference test was measured ionized magnesium (Mgion). As index tests, we chose estimated Mgion using total magnesium (Mgtot) and other laboratory and demographic variable candidates. Equations were internally validated, using 749 subsequent Mgion measurements.FindingsThe median patient age was 65 years, 67.5% of the patients were male. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) measured Mgion was 0.64 [0.57, 0.72] mmol/L, 11 (6%) patients were hypo‐ (i.e., <0.45 mmol/L) and 127 (66%) were hypermagnesemic (>0.60 mmol/L). The final equation at the end of the development process included Mgtot, serum ionized, and total calcium concentrations. In the validation dataset, bias (i.e., median difference between measured and estimated Mgion, −0.017 [−0.020, −0.014] mmol/L) and precision (i.e., IQR of bias 0.043 [0.039, 0.047] mmol/L) were small, 90% [88, 93] of estimated values were ±10% of measured values. The equation detected normomagnesemia with overall good diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver‐operating curve 0.91 [0.89, 0.93]).DiscussionMgion can be estimated from equations containing routinely assessed laboratory variables with high accuracy and good overall performance. These equations might simplify the assessment of ionized magnesium levels in the individual hemodialysis patients and help the treating physician to guide the overall treatment.
Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS‐CoV2 patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Sajmi Shaji , Goutham Kamalakannan , Arumugam Venkatesh , Gopalakrishnan Natarajan , Lamech Tanuj Moses , Aiswarya Dhanapalan , Krishna Ravindran , Vathsalyan Paulpandian , Kannan Badri Srinivasan , Solomon Dolphin , Nithya Govindasamy , Sastry Bhagavatula V. R. H. , Sakthirajan Ramanathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe passive immunization of patients with SARS‐CoV2 with convalescent plasma (CP) is theoretically beneficial in patients with end‐stage renal disease who are immunosuppressed and unable to mount an adequate immune response. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CP in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis with moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV2 infection.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was conducted in consecutive 68 moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV2 infected patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis or with acute worsening of chronic kidney disease which required initiation of hemodialysis. Patients who received CP were compared with those who did not. The primary outcome was death during hospitalization. Clinical characteristics, duration of hospitalization and inflammatory parameters were compared between the two groups. A subgroup analysis was done to find whether early initiation of plasma was associated with better outcome.ResultsSixteen patients (44%) in the plasma group and 14 (45%) patients in the control group died during hospitalization (p = 0.95). The median duration of hospitalization was 9 (6–14) days in the plasma group and 9 (6–16) in the control group (p = 0.60). There was no difference in mortality or duration of hospitalization with respect to early initiation of CP (p = 0.29). Fistula thrombosis occurred in two patients (11.1%) in the plasma group.ConclusionTherapy with CP does not appear to confer any clinical benefit in moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.
Evaluating the clinical experience of a regional in‐center nocturnal hemodialysis program: The patient and staff perspective
Authors: Hull Katherine L. , Quann Niamh , Glover Suzanne , Wimbury Coral , Churchward Darren R. , Pickering Warren P. , Preston Rob , Baines Richard , Graham‐Brown Matthew P. M. , Burton James O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionEnd‐stage kidney disease causes significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Despite improvements in conventional hemodialysis, these problems persist. In‐center nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) has been shown to be beneficial in observational studies. This report outlines a 4‐year renal network experience of INHD from the patient and frontline staff perspective.MethodsStaff and patients' experiences of INHD were evaluated through two work streams. Work stream one: 12 patients who chose to stop INHD and 24 patients who chose to continue with INHD completed an anonymous survey. Work stream two: one‐to‐one interviews with 20 patients receiving INHD and seven staff working INHD shifts were conducted. Clinical incident reporting for conventional hemodialysis and INHD from April 2014 to December 2018 was reviewed.FindingsWork stream one: Five themes were identified; facilities, time, health and well‐being, sleep, and transport. A patient “starter pack” was developed and improvements to the dialysis unit were completed. Work stream two: Patient interviews demonstrated starter packs to aid sleep were well received; sleep itself was not a single reason to discontinue INHD. Staff indicated that their greatest concern was staffing levels; although staff‐to‐patient ratio remains unchanged, total numbers on INHD shifts were fewer, causing concern around less colleague availability for support during an emergency. Safety: 363 clinical incidents were reported across all dialysis shifts; for conventional hemodialysis, a larger proportion were due to medical interventions, infection control, and transport; for INHD, most incidents centered around communication with patients and relatives, delays in patient transfer, and issues with medical equipment or facilities.DiscussionPatients continue with INHD due to increased social time and perceived health benefits. Patient starter packs and adjustments to the dialysis unit may enhance sleep. This experience has optimized the design of the NightLife study; a randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of INHD on quality of life.
Teaching tolerance: Diverse cellular interactions enable healthy maturation
Authors: Frede Annika , Milling Simon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fetal immune system is distinguishable from the adult immune system by a higher degree of tolerance to foreign antigens. This tolerance is important for fetal development within the ‘foreign’ maternal environment, and during birth when barrier surfaces are first colonized by microbiota. Immune responses against the wave of newly colonizing microbiota would cause massive damage to barrier tissues, so neonates need suppressed immune responses and instead rely on maternal antibodies for protection. It is becoming clear that the early‐life establishment of tolerance could impact immune homeostasis and predisposition to autoimmune diseases throughout life. However, it is not well understood how and when perinatal tolerogenic immune responses switch towards adult‐like effector immune responses. Here, we present a new report on the differences between cells from perinatal umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which give mechanistic insights into fetal tolerogenic responses.
Digital identity as a platform for improving refugee management
Authors: Madon Shirin , Schoemaker Emrys 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDigital platforms are restructuring how many companies and industries function, including humanitarian organisations that operate in complex environments and serve vulnerable populations. To date, however, there has been limited study of their use in humanitarian and particularly refugee contexts. This paper seeks to address this gap by drawing on the concept of platformisation to study the opportunities and challenges arising from UNHCR's transition from a closed transactional system to an open innovation platform focusing on core processes of identification, value creation and platform governance that are relevant for refugee management and protection. Our empirical study captures the perspectives of the UNHCR, organisational stakeholders and refugees in the world's largest refugee camp in Northern Uganda with regards to UNHCR's strategy towards platform openness. We find that UNHCR's data transformation strategy introduces the potential for increasing institutional value in the form of more effective service delivery to refugees. However, these technological opportunities do not necessarily translate to greater value if they do not mesh with current work practices, incentives and activities of service provider organisations and refugees. Our study helps identify opportunities to address these constraints, primarily through improving understanding of the emergent governance‐related tensions that exist for digital platforms for development and surfacing existing issues of exclusion and vulnerability. We conclude with insights for the broader theorisation of identification platforms and with recommendations for policies and practices that together might help realise the potential value creation introduced through the platformisation of identification systems.
Zeolite ceramics with ordered microporous structure and high crystallinity prepared by cold sintering process
Authors: Shi Jun Zuo , Zhu Xiao Li , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract4A [Na96(Al96Si96O384)⋅216H2O] and 13X [Na2(Al2Si3.3O10.6)⋅7H2O] zeolite ceramics were prepared by cold sintering processes, and the physical properties were investigated together with the structure characterization. There were four primary parameters controlling the preparation process: content of NaOH, pressure, temperature, and holding time. Zeolite ceramics with the idea ordered microporous structure and high crystallinity were obtained at 393 K under 450~550 MPa with a holding time of 5 min from the solution with 20 wt% NaOH. A high compressive strength up to 60 MPa and low Young's modulus down to 76 MPa were achieved in 13X zeolite ceramics, and the present ceramics might provide potential applications in damping materials and thermal insulating materials.
Characteristics of urinary sodium excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Sun Lianqin , Duan Suyan , Zuo Chenyan , Sun Zhiying , Nie Guangyan , Zhang Chengning , Zeng Ming , Sun Bin , Yuan Yanggang , Wang Ningning , Mao Huijuan , Xing Changying , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to assess the dietary salt intake in patients with CKD in Jiangsu province and investigate the relationship of urinary sodium excretion with blood pressure. A total of 800 patients with CKD stages 1–4 were recruited. All enrolled patients were asked to collect complete 24‐h urine specimen. At the same time, patient's demographic and laboratory data were recorded. The mean age was 47.45 ± 15.25 years old, including 423 men and 377 women. There was no significant difference in urinary sodium excretion among different stages of CKD (p = .748). This study revealed that the median urinary sodium excretion of all patients was 127.20 mmol/d (IQR 91.03–172.06), corresponding to a salt intake of 7.4 g/d. Among them, only 167 (20.9%) cases had salt intake <5 g/d. Moreover, urinary sodium excretion in overweight group and obese group was higher than that in normal weight group (p = .001, p ˂ .001). Likewise, urinary sodium excretion in men was higher than that in women (p ˂ .001). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that urinary sodium excretion positively correlated with urinary protein excretion (r = .178, p ˂ .001), SBP (r = .109, p = .002), and DBP (r = .086, p = .015). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, eGFR, urinary protein excretion, and history of taking antihypertensive drug, multivariate linear regression demonstrated that higher level of urinary sodium excretion associated with increased level of SBP, DBP, and MAP (β = 0.020, p = .049; β = 0.015, p = .040; β = 0.016, p = .025, respectively). In conclusion, the dietary salt intake in CKD patients, especially in male, overweight and obese subjects, remains high in Jiangsu province. It is vital to decline salt intake to control blood pressure in Jiangsu patients with CKD.
SULT1A1 (Minoxidil Sulfotransferase) enzyme booster significantly improves response to topical minoxidil for hair regrowth
Authors: Dhurat Rachita , Daruwalla Sanober , Pai Suraj , Kovacevic Maja , McCoy John , Shapiro Jerry , Sinclair Rod , Vano‐Galvan Sergio , Goren Andy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinoxidil is a widely used over‐the‐counter topical treatment for hair loss. The response rate for topical minoxidil is relatively low. Minoxidil is a pro‐drug, converted to its active form, minoxidil sulfate, by SULT1A1 enzymes located in the scalp. Recently, a novel topical formula that increases the activity of SULT1A1 in hair follicles was reported.AimsTo evaluate any benefit of applying the SULT1A1 enzyme booster prior to daily 5% minoxidil treatment.MethodsMale androgenic alopecia patients were recruited to a randomized blinded placebo‐controlled study. Patients were randomized to receive 5% topical minoxidil plus the novel formula or minoxidil plus a sham adjuvant. Patient's hair growth was monitored using global photography over 60 days.ResultsTwenty‐four males with androgenic alopecia (Norwood scale average 4.4, range 2–6) were randomized and completed the trial: 12 in the active arm and 12 in placebo. 75% of the subjects who used the SULT1A1 adjuvant with their daily minoxidil treatments for 60 days regrew hair versus 33% of those using the placebo adjuvant (p = 0.023).ConclusionsIn a small cohort of androgenetic alopecia men, adding the SULT1A1 adjuvant to their daily minoxidil treatment regimen improved hair regrowth.
Validation of E‐PRE‐DELIRIC in cardiac surgical ICU delirium: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gao Wen , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe early prediction model for delirium in intensive care units (ICUs)—E‐PRE‐DELIRIC—has been created to predict delirium development during the length of stay in ICUs. However, there have been few early predictive models for delirium in the cardiac surgical ICU (CSICU), and the predictive ability of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC among patients following cardiac surgeries is still unknown.Aims and objectivesTo validate the performance of E‐PRE‐DELIRIC in CSICU.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsData were retrospectively extracted from the electronic records for patients admitted in CSICU from January 2018 to December 2018 in a tertiary teaching hospital in China. Adult patients were included following the criteria of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model. Predictors, including age, history of cognitive impairment, history of alcohol abuse, urgent admission, use of corticosteroids, respiratory failure, blood urea nitrogen, and mean arterial pressure, at the time of ICU admission were retrieved, and delirium was assessed twice a day using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. The performance of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model was evaluated by area under receiver operator characteristic curve, precision‐recall curve (AUPRC), Hosmer‐Lemeshow (HL) test, and calibration belt.ResultsOf the 725 patients included, 120 (16.6%) developed delirium. The AUROC was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48‐0.59), and the AUPRC was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12‐0.20). The HL test showed a significant difference between predicted probability and delirium occurrence (χ2 = 17.326, P = .027), and the overestimation chance of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC score was 0.24 to 0.43.ConclusionThe E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model has poor‐to‐fair predictive value in this study; thus, its application among the CSICU patients is limited. Development of reliable and validated tools for early prediction of delirium in CSICU is required.Relevance to clinical practiceEarly prediction of delirium risk at CSICU admission is of vital importance and could provide timely information to caregivers. However, the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model should be applied cautiously in the CSICU because of the significant probability of over‐estimating the risk of developing delirium.
Preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy allows for sentinel lymph node detection in 51 dogs improving staging accuracy: Feasibility and pitfalls
Authors: Manfredi Martina , De Zani Donatella , Chiti Lavinia Elena , Ferrari Roberta , Stefanello Damiano , Giudice Chiara , Pettinato Vincenzina , Longo Maurizio , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Zani Davide Danilo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is the current gold standard for the oncological staging of solid malignancies in humans. This prospective observational study describes the feasibility and the limits of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for SLN detection in dogs with spontaneous malignancies and the improvements in staging accuracy. Client‐owned dogs with confirmed malignant neoplasia and absence of distant metastasis were prospectively enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after the peritumoral injection of Technetium‐99m labeled nanocolloids. Regional dynamic and static images were acquired, with and without masking of the injection site with a lead shield. The dogs were then subjected to surgery for tumor excision and SLN extirpation. Intraoperative SLN detection was performed by combining methylene blue dye and a dedicated gamma probe. Overall, 51 dogs with a total of 60 solid malignant tumors were enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy identified at least one SLN in 57 of 60 cases (95%). The SLN did not always correspond to the regional lymph node (35/57, 61.4%). The use of a lead shield, masking the injection site, markedly improved the SLN visibility. The median time of SLN appearance was 11.4 ± 9.3 min. No side effects were observed. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allows for SLN detection in dogs and can improve staging accuracy by either identifying the SLN in a different lymphosome than clinically expected or discriminating the draining node in uncertain cases. The combined use of preoperative and intraoperative techniques is recommended to increase the SLN detection rate.
A New Method to “Lock-in” Elastic Effects for Experimental Stress Analysis
Authors: Dally J. W. , Durelli A. J. , Riley W. F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new method is described for “locking-in” an optical interference pattern and a mechanical distortion. The transparent model is cast from a modified epoxy resin with an embedded rubber-thread grid. The model is permitted partially to cure before it is loaded, then held under load while the plastic continues to cure. Upon removal of the load an isochromatic fringe pattern remains which is proportional to the elastic distribution of the maximum shearing stress. In addition, the permanently distorted grid has deformations which are proportional to the elastic distribution of strains. The method is applied to a disk under diametrical compression and a disk under gravitational loading. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results for these two cases shows, in general, good agreement. Most of the discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results are due to the large deformations in the neighborhood of the points of load application. An application of the method to the solution of a three-dimensional problem, namely, the gravitational stress distribution in a buttress-type dam, is discussed briefly.
The Effect of Spin Upon the Rolling Motion of an Elastic Sphere on a Plane
Authors: Johnson K. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The motion and deformation of an elastic sphere rolling on an elastic plane are examined for the case when the sphere, in addition to its straight rolling motion, has an angular velocity of “spin” Ω about an axis normal to the plane. The action of spin is to twist the area of contact. Surface tractions resulting from this rotation are found, which demonstrate the necessity of partial slip in the area of contact. Previous investigations suggest that this slip cannot occur at the leading edge of the contact circle, so that a system of tractions is found which corresponds to zero stress at the leading point. It is shown that such a system of tractions gives rise to a transverse creep of the sphere in the direction of its rotation Ω. The magnitude of this creep is calculated for small values of Ω, when slip occurs to only a small extent. Experiments have been performed using a simple thrust bearing with plane parallel races. As the bearing rotates, the balls creep radially outward in the predicted manner. Quantitative measurements of this creep agree with the theoretical estimate over a wide range.