bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton row spacing and unmanned aerial vehicle sensors
Authors: Wu Wenzhuo , Hague Steve Scott , Jung Jinha , Ashapure Akash , Maeda Murilo , Maeda Andrea , Chang Anjin , Jones Don , Thomasson Alex , Landivar Juan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to identify the number and area of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) bolls in a field plot can serve as an important high‐throughput phenotyping strategy for predicting seedcotton yield. The objectives of this study were to determine if the prediction of seedcotton yield using a UAV could be improved in skip‐row spacing versus solid‐row spacing and if a genotype × row‐spacing interaction occurs for important yield and fiber traits. A split‐plot design was used with the main plot being row spacing and the sub‐plot consisting of five cotton genotypes. Trials were conducted at three locations in 2017 and 2018. Seedcotton yield, lint yield, lint percent, and fiber qualities were measured for all treatments. In 2018, UAVs with red, green, and blue (RGB) cameras were flown across the fields at two locations to estimate open‐boll count and boll area at the end of the growing season. In general, lint yield and fiber quality were not affected by genotype × row spacing interactions. Seedcotton yield estimations from UAV‐based RGB sensors were improved when cotton was planted on a skip‐row spacing versus a solid row configuration. However, several issues beyond the improvement of seedcotton yield predictions with UAVs need to be considered before research programs use skip‐row spacing.
High rate of dyspareunia and probable vulvodynia in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders: An online survey
Authors: Glayzer Jennifer E. , McFarlin Barbara L. , Castori Marco , Suarez Marie L. , Meinel Monya C. , Kobak William H. , Steffen Alana D. , Schlaeger Judith M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVulvodynia is debilitating vulvar pain accompanied by dyspareunia (pain with sexual intercourse). Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) may represent a predisposing factor for vulvodynia given a high rate of dyspareunia in these conditions. We conducted an online survey of women with EDS or HSD to assess rates of dyspareunia and estimate rates of vulvodynia, report rates of comorbid conditions common to EDS or HSD and vulvodynia, and examine rates of conditions contributing to dyspareunia in women with EDS or HSD. Women with EDS or HSD (N = 1,146) recruited via social media were 38.2 ± 11.5 years old, primarily White (94.4%), and resided in the United States (78.5%). 63.7% of participants reported dyspareunia and 50% screened positive for vulvodynia. The rate of comorbid conditions common to EDS or HSD and vulvodynia were: irritable bowel syndrome, 6.5%; fibromyalgia, 40.0%; temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 56.4%; migraine, 6.7%; interstitial cystitis, 1.7%; and mast cell activation syndrome, 10.2%. Participants reporting dyspareunia also reported ovarian cysts, fibroids, or abdominal or pelvic scars, 47.5%; endometriosis, 26.5%; and genital lacerations, 19.3%. Women with EDS or HSD may have a higher rate of vulvodynia (50.0%) than women in the U.S. population at large (8%) and should be assessed for dyspareunia and vulvodynia.
Mast cell activation disease and immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorder
Authors: Brock Isabelle , Prendergast Walter , Maitland Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMast cell activation disease (MCAD) includes single organ disease such as asthma, urticaria, and gastroenteritis, as well as multiorgan system involvement such as mast cell activation syndrome and anaphylaxis. Reports link MCAD with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS), hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD), and with primary immune deficiencies such as complement and immunoglobulin deficiencies (Ig Def). This study assesses the concurrence of these syndromes. We undertook a cohort analysis of patients seen in a community‐based Allergy/Immunology clinic from 2015 to 2019. We searched for diagnostic codes for Ig Def disorders, hypermobility syndrome, hypermobile/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, and MCADs. Of 974 patients with suspected MCAD, 449 (46%) had a diagnosis of MCAD; 496 (51%) of cases had a combination of at least two of hEDS/HSD, MCAD, and Ig Def. Ig Def was present in 417 (43%) of patients; 188 (19.3%) had hEDS/HSD with an Ig Def with or without MCAD and accounted for 45% of all the cases with Ig Def. Of 974 cases, 101 (10%) had hEDS/HSD and MCAD; 207 (21%) had Ig Def and MCAD; 7 (0.7%) had Ig Def and hEDS/HSD; and 181 (19%) had a combination of all three syndromes. Most patients (74%) with these comorbidities were female. The presence of MCAD and Ig Def should be explored in patients with hEDS/HSD. Identifying underlying contributors to recurrent/chronic inflammation and tissue injury is needed to tailor and personalize therapies. This, in turn, can reduce tissue damage, iatrogenic intervention, and optimize health outcomes.
Alkaline earth metal salts of 3,6‐bis‐nitroguanyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine: Promising perchlorate‐free environmentally friendly pyrotechnic components
Authors: Chen Xiang , Wang Shenghui , Chen Yuankai , Hu Yongpeng , Zhang Cong , Guo Zhaoqi , Ma Haixia 
Published: November 2021

Alkaline earth metal salts (magnesium, 2; calcium, 3; strontium, 4; barium, 5) with nitrogen‐rich 3,6‐bis‐nitroguanyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine anion (DNGTz2−) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. All new compounds were further characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. Full analysis of the crystal structures and graph sets of hydrogen bonds were conducted out. The results revealed a large‐scale conjugation effect of DNGTz anion in all four salts and a middle to high densities ranging from 1.751 (2) to 2.296 (5) g·cm−3. Both 3 and 4 were one‐dimensional coordination polymers and show zig‐zag chain, whereas 5 crystalized in a two‐dimensional sql topological network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed the good thermal stability of all the new salts. Meanwhile, their specific heat capacities are in inverse proportion to atomic number of the metal cations. The constant‐volume combustion energy of 2–5 was determined experimentally, and the standard molar enthalpy of formation was backcalculated to evaluate their energetic performance. Impact sensitivity test disclosed that all the four metal salts were insensitive towards impact with a value higher than 40 J. Flame burning test supports their potential application as the environmentally friendly perchlorate‐free pyrotechnic components.
Elucidating the Role of Rh/C on the Pathways and Kinetics of Ketone‐to‐Secondary Amines Reaction
Authors: Arteaga‐Pérez Luis E. , Manrique Raydel , Ortega Maray , Castillo‐Puchi Francisca , Fraile Juan E. , Jiménez Romel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiomass‐based amines have received a lot of attention due to their sustainability and carbon economy. Herein, the roles of the metal sites (Rh0 or Pd0) and operating conditions on the kinetics and reaction pathways of the heterogeneous catalytic amination of cyclohexanone with aniline have been discussed. Rh/C provides secondary amines with remarkable selectivity toward the hydrogenation product (ΣSi=72 %). The hydrogenation rate over Rh0 is 1.5‐fold higher than that observed over Pd0, while its dehydrogenation capacity diminished (rD_Rh ¡=0.74 h−1 and rD_Pd=1.32 h−1). This difference in the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation performance allows control over the selectivity via disproportionation of an imine intermediate. The kinetic observations can be represented using the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model, indicating that the formation of the aminal intermediate is the rate‐limiting step. The apparent activation energy for this step on Rh/C (55 kJ/mol) was higher than that previously reported for Pd/C (48 kJ/mol).
Inducing enantioselective crystallization with and self‐assembly of star‐shaped hybrid polymers prepared via “grafting to” strategy
Authors: Zou Hui , Liang Wen‐Quan , Wu Qi‐Liang , Zhou Li , Hou Xiao‐Hua , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHelical polymers present some interesting and distinctive properties, and one of the most distinguished applications of them is the chiral recognition and resolution of enantiomers. In this work, star‐shaped hybrid helical poly (phenyl isocyanide) (PPI) with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as the core was designed and synthesized by “grafting to” strategy. The homoarm star‐shaped hybrid POSS‐(PPI)8 was first obtained by the click reaction between azide‐modified POSS (POSS‐(N3)8) and alkynyl‐modified PPI (PPI‐Alkynyl). The hybrid POSS‐(PPI)8 was with predominated left‐handed helical conformation and exhibited excellent ability in the enantioselective crystallization of racemic compounds. In the meantime, heteroarm star‐shaped hybrid (PEG)4‐POSS‐(PPI)4 was prepared by the click reaction of POSS‐(N3)8 with PPI‐Alkynyl and alkynyl‐modified poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG‐Alkynyl). The hybrid (PEG)4‐POSS‐(PPI)4 was amphiphilic, and it could self‐assemble to form spherical micelles in aqueous solutions.
Experimental study on the absorption enhancement of CO2 by MDEA‐MEA based nanofluids
Authors: Liang Jiaxin , Han Huiyu , Li Wenbo , Ma Xiaoxun , Xu Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanofluids promote the application of nanotechnology in the mass transfer process, which can effectively reduce mass transfer resistance and increase the gas–liquid mass transfer rate. A bubbling absorption system was used to explore the CO2 absorption performance of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and monoethanolamine (MEA) blended nanofluids. TiO2 nanoparticles and sodium polyacrylate (ASAP) surfactant were added to MDEA‐MEA aqueous solutions to prepare nanofluids. The effects of MDEA concentration, MEA concentration, blended amine ratio, and nanoparticle solid content on CO2 capture performance were investigated, respectively. The study found that, compared with single‐component MEA/MDEA solutions, nanofluids have a more significant enhancement in CO2 absorption of blended amines. The increase of MEA concentration in blended amine has a negative effect on the enhanced CO2 absorption of TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhancement factor of MDEA‐MEA nanofluids at each solid content is higher than that of two single‐component nanofluids. The best solid content of TiO2 nanoparticles in the MDEA‐MEA system is 0.6 g/L, while the enhancement factor E in 25% MDEA + 5% MEA nanofluids can reach up to 1.36. Finally, a new empirical formula was proposed to predict the enhancement factor and optimum solid content of TiO2‐MEA/MDEA nanofluids.
Investigation of alkali and salt resistant copolymer of acrylic acid and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone for medium viscosity oil recovery
Authors: Doda Ankit , Azad Madhar Sahib , Kotsuchibashi Yohei , Trivedi Japan J. , Narain Ravin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeavy oil reservoirs, unsuited for thermal applications, are being exploited using chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) techniques. The most widely used polymer in CEOR applications is hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). However, it hydrolyzes very rapidly under alkaline conditions, making it susceptible for alkaline polymer flooding, the main variant of chemical EOR techniques. To overcome this shortfall of conventional HPAM, a copolymer P(AA‐co‐VP) of acrylic acid (AA) and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NVP) was synthesized, that can offer stability and positive synergism against alkali. In the research presented herein, rheological properties of HPAM and P(AA‐co‐VP) were compared in terms of viscosity and elasticity for typical alkali‐polymer (AP) flood operations. The core flooding experiments were conducted using the heavy oil samples collected from a reservoir in Alberta. The shear rheological and dynamic viscoelastic properties of P(AA‐co‐VP) copolymer improved in presence of strong alkali while the conventional HPAM showed much higher viscosity loss, becoming less effective for AP heavy oil recovery operations. In the presence of alkali, 45.9% and 47.3% incremental recovery factor are shown by HPAM and the newly synthesized P(AA‐co‐VP) copolymer. Although the incremental recovery factor shown by newly synthesized polymer is slightly higher, it resulted in a three times lower residual resistance factor than HPAM. Lower residual resistance factor is important for ensuring good transport properties during polymer flooding. AP flooding conducted using P(AA‐co‐VP) copolymer could effectively overcome the drawbacks of conventional HPAM polymer, thereby improving the heavy oil recovery and transport in porous media.
Fully Nonlinear Equations with Applications to Grad Equations in Plasma Physics
Authors: Caffarelli Luis A. , Tomasetti Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we generalize an equation studied by Mossino and Temam in [7], to the fully nonlinear case. This equation arises in plasma physics as an approximation to Grad equations, which were introduced by Harold Grad in [4], to model the behavior of plasma confined in a toroidal vessel called TOKAMAK. We prove existence of a ‐viscosity solution and regularity up to for any (we improve this regularity near the boundary). The difficulty of this problem lies in the right‐hand side which involves the measure of the superlevel sets, making the problem nonlocal. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sulfonate‐Functionalized AIEgens: Strategic Approaches Beyond Water Solubility for Sensing and Imaging Applications
Authors: Thakuri Ankit , Banerjee Mainak , Chatterjee Amrita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of water‐soluble aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active “light‐up” probes for sensing and imaging purposes has drawn immense research attention in the recent past. One strategy has been to introduce −SO3− groups in AIEgens (AIE‐sulfonates) to increase their hydrophilic properties, and the ionic nature of the corresponding compounds also paves the way for electrostatic interaction with various analytes, in particular, with several biospecies having positively charged surfaces. A significant number of AIE‐sulfonates, many among them having a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moiety, have been designed and synthesized for the selective detection of a variety of analytes, such as metal ions, small molecules, enzymes, proteins, and bacteria. The strategies for selective detection include, for example, spontaneous complex formation with cations, electrostatic interaction with target‐specific units in the biospecies, and strong hydrophobic interactions. In addition, these AIEgens are used in cell imaging and OLED applications. This Review attempts to provide a summary and discuss recent developments in sulfonate‐functionalized AIE‐active “light‐up” probes in sensing and imaging applications with a focus on the role of the sulfonate functionality in the design and sensing processes.
Assessing Lupus‐Like Disease in Murine Model Systems
Authors: Lee Hui Yin , Celhar Teja , Fairhurst Anna‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogenous autoimmune disease, where genetics, immunology, and environmental factors all play a role. Murine models have contributed critical information on mechanisms of disease and prospective therapeutics. The key features that have been used to study the disease include the development of anti‐nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), splenomegaly, and kidney disease. The loss of tolerance and subsequent autoimmune features, and the progression to severe disease, are all dependent on immune dysregulation. In this article, we will describe the methods used to evaluate the underlying immunological features of the disease, as a more sensitive strategy to understand the disease itself and the mechanisms of potential novel therapeutics. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: End study protocols for tissue harvestingBasic Protocol 2: End study protocols for tissue processingBasic Protocol 3: Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry protocolsSupport Protocol: Tissue processing for cold storageBasic Protocol 4: Additional tissue processing for later analysesBasic Protocol 5: Analysis of serum auto‐antibodies by ELISAs (ANAs, snRNP, and dsDNA)
Growth and Characterization of Mixed Halide Scintillators K2LaClxBr5−x:Ce
Authors: Xiong Jianhui , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Haichao , Zhu Shujun , Pan Shangke , Ren Guohao , Chen Hongbing , Pan Jianguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, it is recently discovered that mixed‐anion Cl‐Br halide scintillator K2LaClxBr5−x:Ce (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) has promising performance. The mixed crystal polycrystalline materials are synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐phase method, and transparent cylindrical crystals of K2LaClxBr5−x:Ce are grown successfully by the vertical Bridgman technique. The crystals are measured by powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray‐induced luminescence spectra, optical transmittance, photoluminescence spectrum, photoluminescence decay time, and pulse height spectrum. Under the UV and X‐ray excitation, all of the crystal samples have the typical Ce3+ 5d1→2F5/2 and 5d1→2F7/2 double peaks, emission centered between 350 and 400 nm. The photoluminescence decay time of the K2LaClxBr5−x:Ce crystal is about 30 ns under the UV excitation. The energy resolution of the crystal is generally less than 10%. As the proportion of Br‐ ions increases, the luminescence intensity is enhanced, the photoluminescence decay speed increases, and energy resolution of these crystals is optimized. The simplicity of the growth of small‐sized crystals is promising for expanding the growth process to larger sizes.
Controlled generation of droplets using an electric field in a flow‐focusing paper‐based device
Authors: Jiang Tianyi , Wu Yupan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDroplet‐based microfluidics is a modular platform in high‐throughput single‐cell and small sample analyses. However, this droplet microfluidic system was widely fabricated using soft lithography or glass capillaries, which is expensive and technically demanding for various applications, limiting use in resource‐poor settings. Besides, the variation in droplet size is also restricted due to the limitations on the operating forces that the paper‐based platform is able to withstand. Herein, we develop a fully integrated paper‐based droplet microfluidic platform for conducting droplet generation and cell encapsulation in independent aqueous droplets dispersed in a carrier oil by incorporating electric fields. Through imposing an electric field, the droplet size would decrease with increasing the electric field and smaller droplets can be produced at high applied voltage. The droplet diameter can be adjusted by the ratio of inner and outer flow velocities as well as the applied electric field. We also demonstrated the proof of concept encapsulation application of our paper device by encapsulating yeast cells under an electric field. Using a simple wax printing method, carbon electrodes can be integrated on the paper. The integrated paper‐based microfluidic platform can be fabricated easily and conducted outside of centralized laboratories. This microfluidic system shows great potential in drug and cell investigations by encapsulating cells in resource‐limited environments.
Impact of the magnetic field‐assisted freezing on the moisture content, water migration degree, microstructure, fractal dimension, and the quality of the frozen tilapia
Authors: Wei Heyun , Luo Kaixuan , Fu Renhao , Lin Xiangdong , Feng Aiguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we determined the effect of a magnetic field applied during refrigeration in improving the quality of frozen tilapia. Alternating magnetic fields of 10 G, 20 G, 30 G, 40 G, and 50 G were applied during a low‐temperature freezing treatment on the back, abdomen, and tail of tilapia. The control group was set at 0 G. A correlation analysis for the fish films after treating with different magnetic field strengths was carried out. The results showed that when the magnetic field was applied to assist freezing, the frozen quality of the tilapia was significantly improved, and the water separation and residual damage were reduced. The felled muscle tissue decreased, the fractal dimension value increased, the hardness decreased, and the elasticity increased. However, the impact of the magnetic field on the quality of the frozen tilapia did not change with an increase in the magnetic field strength. The effect on the back samples was more prominent when the fish were exposed to the magnetic field strength of 40 or 50 G. A magnetic field strength of 50 G was the most effective for the abdominal and tail samples. However, no significant difference was observed in the groups exposed to 10 and 20 G of magnetic fields.
Covid Vaccine Mandates and Religious Accommodation in Employment
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany employers are requiring their employees to be vaccinated for Covid‐19 to comply with federal, state, or local laws, or to conform to employers’ policies. Some employees object to vaccination on religious grounds. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment based on religion and requires employers to reasonably accommodate employees’ religious beliefs or practices unless doing so would be an undue hardship to the employer’s business. Although a religion need not be an established faith with many followers, philosophical or political objections do not count as religious beliefs. If an employee demonstrates a bona fide religious objection, the issue is whether it can be reasonably accommodated. This will depend on the employer’s business, including whether close contact with coworkers or customers is required.
Structural connectome differences in pediatric mild traumatic brain and orthopedic injury
Authors: Ware Ashley L. , Yeates Keith Owen , Geeraert Bryce , Long Xiangyu , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Craig William , Doan Quynh , Freedman Stephen B. , Goodyear Bradley G. , Zemek Roger , Lebel Catherine ,   Pediatric Emergency Research Canada A‐CAP Study Team
Published: November 2021

AbstractSophisticated network‐based approaches such as structural connectomics may help to detect a biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children. This study compared the structural connectome of children with mTBI or mild orthopedic injury (OI) to that of typically developing (TD) children. Children aged 8–16.99 years with mTBI (n = 83) or OI (n = 37) were recruited from the emergency department and completed 3T diffusion MRI 2–20 days postinjury. TD children (n = 39) were recruited from the community and completed diffusion MRI. Graph theory metrics were calculated for the binarized average fractional anisotropy among 90 regions. Multivariable linear regression and linear mixed effects models were used to compare groups, with covariates age, hemisphere, and sex, correcting for multiple comparisons. The two injury groups did not differ on graph theory metrics, but both differed from TD children in global metrics (local network efficiency: TD > OI, mTBI, d = 0.49; clustering coefficient: TD < OI, mTBI, d = 0.49) and regional metrics for the fusiform gyrus (lower degree centrality and nodal efficiency: TD > OI, mTBI, d = 0.80 to 0.96; characteristic path length: TD < OI, mTBI, d = −0.75 to −0.90) and in the superior and middle orbital frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, insula, and thalamus (clustering coefficient: TD > OI, mTBI, d = 0.66 to 0.68). Both mTBI and OI demonstrated reduced global and regional network efficiency and segregation as compared to TD children. Findings suggest a general effect of childhood injury that could reflect pre‐ and postinjury factors that can alter brain structure. An OI group provides a more conservative comparison group than TD children for structural neuroimaging research in pediatric mTBI.