bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le « petit Homère » de Chateaubriand
Authors: Bocholier Julien 
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose une première édition des essais de traduction de Chateaubriand contenus dans son exemplaire de l’ Iliade (chants IX à XII) conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Smith-Lesouëf, 135). Après avoir proposé une datation de ces fragments, autour de 1805, et indiqué leur probable contexte de rédaction, nous examinons d’abord le rapport de Chateaubriand au texte grec, et notamment l’intermédiaire que constituait pour lui la traduction latine contenue dans son volume ; puis, nous étudions, dans Les Martyrs et Les Natchez , les passages susceptibles d’avoir été influencés par les extraits d’Homère traduits par l’auteur.
Évolution et devenir de l’hôpital de jour « L’Escale »
Authors: Pot Stéphane , Bernard Caroline , Hespel Marc 
Published: May 2021

À travers l’histoire de l’Hôpital de Jour « L’Escale », de son évolution au fil de ses 35 ans d’existence, les auteurs mettent l’accent sur la nécessaire adaptation permettant la pérennité d’un modèle de prise en charge toujours pertinent. Cette évolution, et en particulier l’intégration d’approches comme la réhabilitation psychosociale, font de l’hôpital de jour une pièce essentielle du dispositif de la psychiatrie de secteur.
Le conflit interpersonnel : un révélateur du travail managérial ? Ficelles méthodologiques et éléments d'analyse de quelques conflits au travail
Authors: Gris Christelle , Spire Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

Les conflits au travail ne sont que rarement appréhendés pour eux-mêmes par les sociologues. Ils sont pourtant de plus en plus fréquemment des occasions de sollicitations pour le sociologue praticien et concernent, au premier chef, les managers. Or, la fonction d’encadrant de proximité est souvent le point aveugle des organisations de travail : considérée comme allant de soi ou livrée aux supposées qualités de ceux qui l’incarnent, elle est en fait un « lieu » privilégié de manifestation des dysfonctionnements et des contradictions de l’organisation. À partir de trois interventions menées en entreprise, le présent article propose à la fois une méthodologie et des éléments de diagnostic pour appréhender ces situations de conflits autrement que sur le registre individuel et psychologique.
Manager sans être cadre. L’identité professionnelle comme ressource managériale
Authors: Allek Marnia 
Published: May 2021

Cette contribution s’intéresse au processus de mise en œuvre d’un projet de formation pour des encadrants de proximité dans une collectivité territoriale (« responsables d’office »). Souhaitée par la direction, cette formation en management et communication a pour objectif d’apprendre aux responsables d’office à « se positionner comme des cadres » et à pratiquer le reporting . Loin de la stigmatisation du manager de proximité « incapable de », l’analyse des besoins permet au contraire de révéler des professionnels, pour qui le métier et la proximité culturelle constituent des ressources managériales dans une organisation contrainte.
Analysis of A Two-Axis Solar Tracker System: Case Study
Authors: García-Quilachamin Washington Xavier , Sánchez-Cano Julieta Evangelina , Herrera-Tapia Jorge , Velesaca-Zambrano Edisson Javier 
Published: May 2021

The environmental pollution that arose from the 20th century has led to the search for clean and renewable energies, so this research aims to determine the efficiency of a two-axis solar tracker system, through the analysis of the data obtained. In view of the fact that it remains perpendicular to the solar rays for a longer time, which automatically moves to the point where the radiation source is. Mathematical models were considered for this study based on parameters of time, voltage, solar radiation, temperature, ultraviolet radiation, inclination angles, and cardinal points, to which the panel was directed during the test days. The efficiency given by the solar panel was obtained as 15.34% on average among monocrystalline silicon solar panels. It was concluded with the analysis of the most relevant data that are, the voltage, the solar radiation, and the angle of inclination to determine with these three parameters if the dual-axis tracker system had an excellent capture of solar radiation in the test days, in order to make the collection and production of solar energy more efficient.
La Leçon d’histoire de l’art. L’image à l’ère de sa projection lumineuse
Authors: Recht Roland 
Published: May 2021

Le développement de l’historiographie de l’art, durant le XIXe siècle, a été grandement favorisé par l’invention de la photographie. Peu à peu, les chefs-d’œuvre de la peinture, de la sculpture et de l’architecture ont fait l’objet de campagnes photographiques au sein des grandes collections publiques et sur les sites monumentaux. L’enseignement de l’histoire de l’art a profité de cette documentation grâce aux projections lumineuses qui, à partir des années 1890, l’accompagnent d’abord en Allemagne, puis dans les autres pays européens, modifiant les comportements de l’orateur et du public, et redéfinissant certaines orientations de la discipline.

Roland Recht consacre sa leçon de clôture aux projections lumineuses utilisées depuis plus d’un siècle dans tous les enseignements d’art ou d’archéologie. Cette leçon est augmentée d’un texte écrit en 2020, dans lequel l’auteur retrace son parcours de chercheur à la curiosité insatiable.
Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hemodynamic and Vascular Changes by Pulmonary Pulse Transit Time in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Erdol Mehmet Akif , Acar Burak , Ertem Ahmet Goktug , Karanfil Mustafa , Yayla Çağrı , Demırtas Koray , Aladağ Pelin , Sönmezer Meliha Çağla , Kiliç Esra Kaya , Hatipoğlu Çiğdem Ataman , Erdinc Fatma Sebnem , Tulek Necla , Akcay Adnan Burak 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a well-known association. Pulmonary pulse transit time (pPTT) is a recent echocardiographic marker that might be used for evaluation of pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) in patients with HIV infection. We aimed to investigate whether pPTT elevated in patients with HIV infection compared to healthy controls and its association with echocardiographic indices of right ventricular functions.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty HIV (+) patients from infectious disease outpatient clinics and fifty age- and sex-matched HIV (−) healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. pPTT was measured from pulmonary vein flow velocity as the time interval between the R-wave in the electrocardiography and corresponding peak late systolic was then calculated as the mean from two separate pw-Doppler measurements.

Results:
pPTT, tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricle fractional area change (FAC) were significantly lower in patients with HIV than control patients (177.1 ± 34.9 vs. 215.7 ± 35.7 msn, P < 0.001; 2.33 ± 0.28 vs. 2.19 ± 0.22, P = 0.039; 45 [4.25] vs. 41.1 [4.0], P = 0.032, respectively). pPTT was positively correlated with FAC, TAPSE and cluster of differentiation 4 count (r = 0.210; P = 0.036, r = 0.256; P = 0.041, r = 0.304; P = 0.044, respectively).

Conclusion:
Our study showed that pPTT, TAPSE, and right ventricle FAC levels were lower in patients with HIV infection. pPTT is an important predictor in patients with HIV expected to develop pulmonary vascular pathology.
Quantitative periapical radiography using computer-assisted measurement for intraoral projections
Authors: Mizuhashi Ryo , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Oohashi Makoto , Mizuhashi Fumi , Saegusa Hisato , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Quantitative evaluation of radiolucent and radiopaque is difficult for intraoral radiography.

Aims:
This study was designed to estimate quantitative periapical radiography using computer-assisted measurement for intraoral projections.

Materials and Methods:
Ten patients with periapical inflammatory disease of the mandibular molar region were analyzed using a computer-assisted measurement for intraoral projections. The system measures the image density and calculates the bone mineral density (BMD) of an optional region. The periapical region of mandibular molars was compared to the sclerotic bone reaction resulting from the periapical inflammatory disease with the normal periapical region. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
The BMD of the sclerotic bone reaction resulting from the periapical inflammatory disease (1.14 ± 0.08 g/cm2) were significantly higher than those of the normal periapical region (0.94 ± 0.06 g/cm2, P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
The computer-assisted measurement for intraoral projections can be useful for quantitative periapical radiography.
The use of ultrasonography in oral radiology
Authors: Çağlayan Fatma , Yozgat İlbaş Fatma Nur , Aksakal Betül Subaşı 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate the ultrasonography (USG) images and reports in dental and maxillofacial radiology clinic, to reveal USG usage, and to draw attention to the diagnostic contribution of USG in necessary cases.

Materials and Methods:
USG archive has been reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and eleven USG examinations reported in our clinic between 2016 and 2020 were included in the study. USG patients consisted of 57 males and 54 females and their mean age was 38.76 ± 18.60.

Results:
The use of USG in the dental radiology clinic was not satisfactory since only 111 USG examinations were detected. Extraoral USG was used in 64.9%, intraoral USG in 28.8%, and both extraoral and intraoral USG in 6.3% of patients. The most frequently used areas of USG were lymph node examinations (26.1%), mucosal lesions (18.9%), salivary gland pathologies (16.2%), abscesses (10.8%), nasolabial cysts (4.5%), masseter hypertrophy (2.7%), palatal masses (2.7%), and others (6.3%).

Conclusion:
Despite advantages of USG in soft-tissue pathologies and even in some jaw pathologies, its use in dental radiology is limited. Dental and maxillofacial radiologists should improve themselves in the use of USG and follow the developments and also should be aware of the benefits that
Interpretation of Tuberculin Skin Test in Bacillus Calmette–Guerin-Vaccinated Children
Authors: Shah Ira , Raut Vijay , Shetty Naman S. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The objective was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculin skin test (TST) in Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated children for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB).

Materials and Methods:
This observational study was conducted at a single tertiary care center over a period of 32 months from March 2012 to November 2014. All children up to 15 years of age who had received BCG at birth, suspected of TB, and referred to pediatric TB clinic were enrolled in the study. All patients were given TST by 5 Tuberculin Unit Purified Protein Derivative-Standard. The diagnosis of TB was based on either clinical, histopathological, or bacteriological grounds.

Results:
Out of 371 patients, 341 (91.91%) had TB. TST was positive in 227 (61.2%) and negative in 144 (38.8%) patients. The sensitivity of TST to detect active TB was 62.8% and specificity was 56.7%. TST cutoff as ≥15 mm increased specificity of TST to 73.3%, but sensitivity decreased to 25.8%. Age, gender, and contact with TB patients did not affect TST results.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of TST for the diagnosis of TB is low with low sensitivity and specificity. By increasing the cutoff for positive TST to >15 mm, the number of false-positive TST can be reduced.
Risk Communication in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumar Surinder , Yadav Arun Kumar , Kunte Renuka , Kaur Simrandeep , Yadav Jyoti , Bhaskar Vijay , Mithun  , Mahajan Saurabh 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Risk communication is a vital component of the management of health-care crisis including the present pandemic. The health-care professionals play an important role in risk communication; however, health-care professionals have been found wanting when it comes to risk communication during any health-care crisis. The doctors/health-care professionals, being the technical personnel, are required to provide the technical information in a nontechnical or laymen language to the relevant authorities, which in turn are expected to share this knowledge to the people at risk. This study attempts to unravel the perceptions of health-care professionals on this important topic concerning public health.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed for the study question. An online survey was conducted based on Google Forms using snowball sampling technique. The data, collected using a pilot-tested questionnaire, were compiled in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Requisite permission was taken from the institutional ethic committee. All participants were informed of the voluntary nature of the study, and the data collection was done in an anonymous manner.

Results:
A majority of participants (61.5%) answered in affirmative when asked if they know what risk communication is and 13 (7.7%) were not aware of it. A majority of the participants (60.9%) perceived risk communication as an exchange of information between health experts and general public, whereas 23 (13.6%) participants felt that risk communication is exchange of information between health experts and other health-care workers. Rumor management was not considered an essential part of risk communication by about half (48.5%) of the participants.

Conclusion:
We found significant gaps in the knowledge and perception of risk communication in the health-care professionals, which can be attributed to lack of training. Risk communication needs to be incorporated as a part of formal medical education to plug this gap.
Experience of Individual Donor Nucleic Acid Testing on Screening of Blood Donors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus at an Apex Blood Bank of Northern India
Authors: Jagani Rajat , Dimri Ujjwal , Kumar Satish , Pawar Amit 
Published: May 2021

Context:
There is an ever-growing concern for the safety of blood transfusion with regard to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV) virus, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). About 11 million blood units are being collected in India every year. Instances of viral transmission through transfusion still occur as a result of donations that take place while a donor is in the pre-seroconversion window phase.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to analyze 4 years data of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for our blood donor population and validate the benefits of implementing individual donor NAT (ID-NAT).

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 54,895 blood donor samples were tested by ID-NAT method between January 2016 and December 2019. ID-NAT results and corresponding serological test results were collected and correlated for the identification of ID-NAT yield cases (seronegative/NAT positive) to identify the potential infected samples which may not be detected by the serological testing.

Results:
Of the 54,895 samples tested, there were total 71 samples which were serologically negative but detected by ID-NAT (ID-NAT yield). Among these 71 ID-NAT Yields, 3 were HIV, 12 were HCV, 46 were HBV, and 10 cases were reactive for HBV-HCV co-infections. Our combined ID-NAT yield rate was estimated to be 1 in 773 donations tested.

Conclusion:
Higher incidence of NAT only reactive donors poses a risk of transfusion transmissible infections in blood centers not adopting NAT. HBV NAT displays the highest yield, thereby recommending the universal adoption of NAT for all three viral markers, namely HIV, HBV, and HCV in our country.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Soybeans (glycine max [l.] merill) Seeds
Authors: Enemor V. H. A. , Oguazu Chinenye Enoch , Okpalagu C. O. , Okafor S. C. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Soybean is widely grown for its edible bean. It is a legume that grows in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates of Nigeria. It has been shown to contain a number of antioxidants that are used in preventing and treating chronic diseases.

Aims:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soybean seed using the following assays: DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-2-picryhydrazylhydrate) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity assay, reducing power capacity assay, and antioxidant enzyme assay, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity assay.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of soybeans seed were determined spectrophotometrically using methods that include 2, 2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay, reducing power activity assay, peroxidation assay, and catalase and SOD activity assays.

Results:
The result of the DPPH scavenging activity revealed that the soybean extract has an EC50 value of 1053.542 μg/ml, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with an EC50 of 420.1852 μg/ml, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of soybeans extract had an IC50 of 1168.771 μg/ml. The reducing power activity of the soybeans extract had an OD0.5 of 484U/mg, catalase activity of 0.12985 U/mg, and SOD activity of 0.004125 U/mg. The EC50/IC50/OD0.5 obtained for the standard butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) was lower than those of the soybeans extract.

Conclusions:
The use of soybean as a source of natural antioxidants should be promoted since soybean component can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect the human body from the oxidative damages by free radicals. Hence, the dietary intake of soybean can be linked to prevention and management of certain diseases.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Assessment of Gastroprotective Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Cissampelos owariensis (P. Beauv.) in Rats using Pyloric Ligation Method
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Lawal Olayinka Simbiat , Olatomide Oluwasegun Davis , Okojie Itohan Grace 
Published: May 2021

Background:

Cissampelos owariensis is a tropical medicinal plant widely applied for diverse therapeutic uses such as treatment of circulatory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic leaf extracts of C. owariensis against prolonged exposure to acidic gastric acid was assessed in male Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved 25 male Wistar rats (180–200 g) divided into five groups (n = 5): Group A–E. Groups A and B were used as normal and test controls given distilled water, whereas Groups C–E were, respectively, administered with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis at dosage of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The mode of administration was oral, and the study period was 21 days. Afterward, gastric mucosal injury was induced in Groups B–E animals through pyloric ligation method. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of gastric tissues were done to ascertain the degrees of gastric mucosal protection or erosion using gross photographic and histological staining techniques.

Results:
The gross appearance of internal aspect of gastric tissues showed mildly eroded mucosal surface in treated Groups B–D, but intense erosion was observed in test control Group D. Similarly, for histological results, the treated Groups B–D showed moderate-to-mild mucosal surface erosion compared to intense erosion observed in test control Group E.

Conclusion:
Findings from this study indicated that prior treatment with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis resulted in gastric mucosal protection in experimental animals exposed to offensive factor such as gastric acid. This gastroprotective activity of methanolic extracts of C. owariensis may be associated with the antioxidant properties of the constituent phytochemical compounds.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger Nut) on Antioxidant Status and Hematological Indices in the Heart of Cadmium-Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Innih Silvanus Olu , Eluehike Nkeiruka , Francis Blessing 
Published: May 2021

Background:
In recent times, medicinal plants has been explored for their ameliorating effect on Cadmium induced organ toxicity in Wistar rats.

Aims and Objectives:
This study investigates the protective effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) on cadmium-induced biochemical and histological alterations in heart of rats.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty male wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (A-F). Blood samples were collected from the animals after treatment with cadmium (10mg/kg body weight) and varying doses (150, 300, 600mg/kg B.W) of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus for 60 days for evaluation of antioxidant status and hematological parameters. Sections of the heart and aorta were examined for histological alterations.

Results:
Treatment with extract of Cyperus esculentus resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione peroxidase activities and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level when compared to the untreated animals. However, the alterations observed in the hematological parameters were not improved on treatment with Cyperus esculentus.

Conclusion:
Treatment with medium (300mg/kg B.W) and high (600mg/kg B.W) of Cyperus esculentus reversed the histological alterations observed in the heart and aorta of the untreated animals. The study demonstrated that aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus can protect against oxidative stress resulting from cadmium toxicity.
Dengue virus exposure among blood donors in Ghana
Authors: Narkwa P. W. , Mutocheluh M. , Kwofie T. B. , Owusu M. , Annan A. , Ali I. , Boamah J. K. 
Published: May 2021

Dengue is an urban arbovirus whose aetiologic agent is the flavivirus with four distinct antigen serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) that is transmitted to humans through the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Ghana is endemic for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and probably dengue viruses. Due to limited data on dengue virus exposure among Ghanaians, we surveyed 188 healthy adult blood donors for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to the four serotypes of dengue. Five milliliters of peripheral blood from the blood donors were collected in plain tubes. Serum was then obtained and ELISA tests were employed to detect both dengue virus total antibodies and IgM. The samples were further tested for dengue virus RNA using RT-PCR. Dengue virus IgG was positive for 43.6% of all the 188 blood donor samples tested but all donors were negative for anti-dengue IgM antibody and dengue virus RNA. The rate of dengue virus total antibody exposure did not differ statistically between urban and rural districts. This study shows for the first time that some regions of Ghana are hyperendemic for dengue virus infection but suggests blood for transfusion is invariably dengue virus free. This report has provided a baseline data that will inform wider discussions about the impact of this dengue fever and also guide policy makers to develop effective and affordable early warning and outbreak response systems for Ghana.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2016) 5(2), 30-35