bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF HORMONE RECEPTORS WITH RISK FACTORS AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Aslam Ummara , Sadiq Sarah , Irshad Naseem , Sadiq Ambreen , Hamid Rabia 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the risk factors with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of breast cancer patients.
Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Multidisciplinary Lab-1 of Army Medical College,National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with Department of Pathology of ArmyMedical College, NUMS Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 50 individuals including radiologically diagnosed cases of breast cancer with differentstages and 10 healthy controls without cancer. Patients with any co-morbidity were excluded. Participant’ssample was collected and subjected to ER, PR and HER2 estimation. Other factors i.e. age, gender, marital status, breast feeding, menopause status, side of the breast affected were all taken into consideration.
Results: Patients characteristics showed that the mean age, marital and menopause status were linked with breast cancer. The data showed that hormone receptors i.e., ER (p=0.0001), PR (p=0.0002) and HER2 (p=0.0001) were positive among most of the cancer patients as compared to the healthy subjects without cancer. There were no association found between age and hormone receptors. Marital status, breast feeding, menopause and side of breasts involved also had no association with hormone receptors.
Conclusion: No significant association found between risk factors and hormone recpetors status of breast cancer patients in our population.
COMPARISON OF LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEUROPATHY AND WITHOUT NEUROPATHY; A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Huma Kanwal , Mehboob Khadija , Rashid Amir , Fuad Fatima , Mujahid Muhammad Mamoon , Arshad Asma 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare lipid profile in patients with diabetic neuropathy and without neuropathy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Multidisciplinary Lab-1, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, from Jan 2020 to Sep 2020 in collaboration with Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Methodology: Eighty-four subjects were selected and divided into three groups, twenty-eight in each. Group Iincluded diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy, group II included diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without peripheral neuropathy and group III consisted of healthy individuals. Biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. One way ANOVA test was used that followed by post-Hoc Tukey test for group comparison.
Results: There was significant difference in triglycerides (p-value 0.001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(0.003) levels among group I and III. While, between group II and III significant difference of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was present. There was no significant difference between group I and II regarding all lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion: There was significant increase of triglycerides levels and decrease of high density lipoproteincholesterol in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy as compared to healthy controls. No significantdifference was observed for all parameters of lipid profile between patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathyand without peripheral neuropathy.
STRESS AND AGE AS PREDICTORS OF POOR FAMILY RELATIONS AMONG FEMALE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Mustafa Nazia , Sardar Tahir , Khan Najm Us Saqib , Akhtar Muhammad Naveed , Mumtaz Javaria , Zubair Usama Bin 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the role of stress and age in managing family relations.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Public sector hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from May 2018 to June2018.
Methodology: A sample of 103females healthcare professionals (Doctors=15, Psychiatrists= 14, psychologists=29, Nurses=22 and Others = 23) (Married=53, unmarried=50) with mean age of 30years (range from 20to50years) were taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected by using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Index of Family Relations.
Results: Results revealed significant positive correlation between age and poor family relations whereas correlation between stress and family relations is not significant. Regression analysis showed age as predictor of poor family relations. These findings were interpreted with thesupport of literature.
Conclusion: It is concluded a work- family life balance should be achieved and presence of stress or mental health problems should be screened timely in order to manage them before it’s too late.
TO DETERMINE CORRELATION BETWEEN MEAN PERIPHERAL LEUCOCYTE COUNTS AND MEAN LESION VOLUME IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Khan Raees Iqbal , Mehmood Arshad , Khattak Abdul Latif , Syeda Hina , Jibran Raja , Sheen Irfan Najam 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine correlation between mean peripheral leucocyte counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: We have performed all this research work Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: All admitted patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were incorporated in the study. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was based on symptoms of focal neurologic insufficiency and MRI brain evidence of infarct. Total peripheral leucocyte counts were calculated under the supervision of a pathologist who is the fellow of CPSP and has addition a l10 years of experience in pathology. All the above stated evidence including name, age, gender and address were documented in the study Performa.
Results: Total no of patients in our study was 70. Of total patients 39 (55.71%) were male and 31 (4.29%) were females. Correlation between mean peripheral leucocytes counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke was calculated as 15.97 ± 3.53 x 109 for TLC and 12.50 ± 3.24 for lesion volume, final results of R are 0.7936. Positive correlation revealed that both increased. X variable scores proportionately related with increased Y variable scores. Same goes for decreased values. The coefficient of determination R2 results turned out to be 0.6298.
Conclusion: We concluded a positive correlation between mean peripheral leucocytes counts and mean lesion volume in acute ischemic stroke. Additional studies are mandatory to validate our findings to establish positive correlation.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND ELEVATED ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS IN MALARIA PATIENTS
Authors: Gilani Sayed Tanveer Abbas , Khan Amjad , Khan Tariq Ali , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study thrombocytopenia and elevated ALT levels in malaria patients reporting to Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, UN Mission Liberia, West Africa.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, UN Mission Liberia, West Africa, from Feb 2015 to Dec 2016.
Methodology: In total of 100 febrile patients of both gender and all ages reported to Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, Liberia with clinical features of malaria and having positive malarial parasite (MP) on any of the methods of immune chromatography (ICT) or microscopic film were included. The febrile patients with typical clinical features of malaria but having negative MP both on ICT and microscopic methods were excluded.Pretreatment whole blood in EDTA was collected for testing MP on ICT and by microscopic method including MP index and platelets, while serum for ALT.
Results: Out of total 100 patients, 75 were males, 25 females with mean age of 38 ± 5 years. MP was found positive on MP film in 95% and on ICT in 88% cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 69% and ALT was elevated in 60% cases. Mean and SD for platelets count was 129 ± 72 x 109/L and of ALT 76 ± 66 U/L. Mean of MP index was 0.49 ranging from 0 to 3.5%. Correlation of MP index with platelets and ALT was found insignificant, although in malaria patients, platelets and ALT was inversely correlated significantly with each other showing low platelets along with elevated ALT levels.
Conclusion: In malaria patients, thrombocytopenia and elevated ALT are frequent findings, which may not definitely correlate with MP index. So it is advisable to test for platelet count and ALT in all patients of malaria for early diagnosis and better management.
DEFICIENCY OF ADAMTS-13 IN SEPSIS PATIENTS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MORBIDITY/ MORTALITY
Authors: Ali Syed Owais , Hussain Chaudhry Altaf , Ahmad Dawood , Mahmood Rafia , Fatima Syeda Sarwat , Fatima Taqdees 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To detect ADAMTS-13 deficiency in sepsis patients and its effect on in-hospital morbidity and mortality in adult patients of sepsis.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Apr 2018.
Methodology: All indoor patients admitted at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and diagnosed as suffering from sepsis at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology according to the guidelines of the Critical Care Society of Medicine Consensus Conference Committee. Forty sepsis patients were recruited for the study. Two groups were formed on the basis of ADAMTS-13 antigen levels, non-deficient and deficient. Basic haematological and clinical parameters were recorded. Levels of ADAMTS-13 antigen were analyzed by using Technozyme kit byenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and level less than 0.40 IU/ml was taken deficient as defined by manufacturer. Comparison was done between ADAMTS-13 deficient and non-deficient group with regard to clinical and haematological characteristics, ICU stay, hospital admission days and in-hospital mortality. Healthy controls of same age and gender were also observed for ADAMTS-13 antigen level.
Results: Among total 40 sepsis patients, thirty two (80%) were males and eight (20%) were females with a mean age of 61 ± 15 years (range: 30-85 years). ADAMTS-13 deficiency (<0.40 IU/ml) was found in 28 (70%) of patients while 12 (30%) had normal antigen levels. In patients with ADAMTS-13 deficiency, twenty four (85.7%) had low platelet levels <150 x 109/l, mean hospital stay 19.2 ± 7.6 days and in-hospital mortality was seen in eight (28.6%) patients, in comparison of non-deficient group in which platelet levels were equal or >150 x 109/l, mean hospital stay was 10.2 ± 3.6 days and in-hospital mortality was in one (8.3%) patient respectively. ADAMTS-13 antigen level was found sufficient in healthy controls.
Conclusion: Majority of the sepsis patients were found ADAMTS-13 deficient. Deficiency exhibit long term hospital admission, thrombocytopenia and increase in hospital mortality. ADAMTS-13 deficiency might play a role in sepsis induced thrombocytopenia and in hospital mortality. More studies are recommended on the subject with larger sample size to evaluate its role in sepsis.
Unidades generacionales como agentes políticos en la transición política salvadoreña
Authors: Artiga-González Álvaro 
Published: January 2021

Los procesos de cambio político constituyen un lugar apropiado para observar las relaciones entre los agentes promotores del cambio y las estructuras que pretenden cambiar. Además, si tales procesos son impulsados por organizaciones políticas integradas mayoritariamente por jóvenes, que han elaborado su marco interpretativo para darle un sentido propio al mundo objetivo elaborado por generaciones anteriores, un enfoque generacional también resulta propicio para comprender las dinámicas implicadas en aquellos procesos. Este trabajo es una propuesta de lectura del cambio de régimen político en El Salvador, ocurrido entre 1980 y 1992. Sin embargo, las organizaciones político-militares que lo impulsaron comenzaron a emerger, como unidades generacionales, desde 1970. Condicionadas por factores socioeconómicos, tecnológicos, político-jurídicos e ideológicos, tales unidades se constituyeron en el mismo proceso de transformación política. Las modalidades organizativas que adoptaron, las identidades colectivas que construyeron, los fines que persiguieron y las estrategias que consideraron adecuadas emergieron en ese mismo proceso a través de la interacción con otros agentes sociales y políticos. Transcurridos 22 años, las unidades generacionales lograron transformar la estructura política del país, aunque no en la forma como lo desearon al inicio. Además, ellas mismas y otros agentes resultaron transformados. Un doble juego entre la agencia y la estructura había tenido lugar. La aplicación de un enfoque generacional, que pretende integrar a la vez la acción de la agencia con la transformación estructural, supone un desafío importante. Hablar de generaciones no es simplemente hablar de cohortes o de grupos de edad. Tampoco hablar de agencia-estructura tiene un único sentido. En ambos casos, se requiere previamente de una aclaración teórico-conceptual.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 758, 2019: 377-402
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KARUNG PLASTIK
Authors: Sulaeman Budiawan 
Published: January 2021

Bahan baku dasar karung plastik adalah polipropilena yang kuat terhadap kerusakan yang timbul dari bahan kimia (asam dan basa) maupun fisika (panas, dingin dan tekanan). Bila dibandingkan dengan serat sintesis fiber. Polipropilena lebih kesat dan lebih mengikat bahan. Dengan dasar tersebut, Karung plastik bisa digunakan untuk pengganti serat penguat (serat fiber) pada fiberglass. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk mengganti bahan tersebut dengan limbah karung plastik bekas yang banyak terbuang/menjadi sampah di pasar rakyat Kota Palopo. Fiberglass yang menggunakan serat polipropilena mempunyai kualitas hampir sama dengan yang menggunakan serat fiber. Uji lentur serat fiber sebesar 881,3 kg/cm2 dan uji lentur serat Polipropilena mencapai 746,4 kg/cm2. Uji kepadatan material dengan menggunakan serat polipropilena yang berlebihan (0,20 g/cm2) akan menurunkan kepadatan hingga 45,14% dari bahan uji kontrol. Sehingga komposisi kepadatannya mencapai 1,27 g/cm2 tidak layak untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk meningkatkan mutu produk. Perlu diteliti ulang tentang pembuatan fiberglass dengan Serat Polipropilena, dengan menggunakan bahan baku alternatif serat yang lain (Karung Goni). Pembuatan fiberglass masih perlu dilakukan eksperimen yang lebih banyak variasi campuran dengan Serat Polipropilena guna memperoleh hasil penelitian yang lebih sempurna (penggunaan teknik sulam). Jika akan dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran fiberglass secara massal perlu ada penambahan zat pewarna seperti pigmen, sehingga hasil produk mempunyai warna yang menarik
TINJAUAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS ANTAR WILAYAH PADA JALAN TRANS PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Fisu Amiruddin Akbar 
Published: January 2021

Kecelakaan lalu lintas dijalan raya merupakan penyumbang angka kematian terbesar di dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat hampir 3.400 orang meninggal di jalan dunia setiap hari. Puluhan juta orang terluka setiap tahun. Anak, pejalan kaki, pengendara sepeda dan orang tua paling rentan dari pengguna jalan. Secara umum Kepolisian Republik Indonesia mencatat 98.419 kecelakaan pada tahun 2017. Pelaporan oleh polisi dan keakuratan laporan polisi akan memastikan penentuan pengelompokan penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan dan dengan demikian akan memungkinkan penyusunan daftar penyebab sebagai sesuatu yang berpengaruh pada terjadinya kecelakaan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menyusun jumlah data kecelakaan pada lokasi tertentu dan jenis cedera kecelakaan atau sistem pembobotan (Asian Development Bank, 1998: 42). Untuk menganalisis setiap permasalahan yang ada, langkah pertama adalah membawa pengetahuan ke data yang ada. Penemuan pengetahuan dimulai pada lingkungan tingkat dan pengumpulan data dari sumber data. Mencermati data, tujuan dapat disesuaikan, dan berdasarkan tujuan data target dapat dipilih. Sulawesi selatan sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah pergerakan antar wilayah yang cukup padat. Dengan intensitas pergerakan yang sibuk, tidak sedikit kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi. Tulisan ini menganalisis statistic kecelakaan dilihat dari potensi kecelakaan, lokasi rawan kecelakaan, accident rate, serta kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas.
DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT PADA IKAN AIR TAWAR DENGAN METODE RULE-BASED DAN CASE BASED REASONING
Authors: Abduh Hisma 
Published: January 2021

Para pelaku usaha budidaya ikan air tawar, khususnya dalam pemeliharaan ikan di kolam air tawar sudah jelas dituntut agar apa yang diusahakan pada usaha pembesaran ikan dapat berkembang atau tumbuh dengan baik, cepat dan tumbuh besar sehingga produksi akan berhasil secara baik dan bisa memuaskan dengan keuntungan yang maksimal. Untuk mencapai hasil tersebut sudah jelas bahwa pelaku usaha perlu memahami beberapa teknik yang harus dijalankan sehingga apa yang dilakukan dalam usaha tersebut dapat berhasil dengan baik dan ikan bisa tumbuh berkembang secara cepat dan sempurna. Untuk menghambat kegagalan dalam pemeliharaan ikan maka perlu dibuat sebuah sistem pakar dengan menggunakan penggabungan RBR dan CBR. Sistem pakar dimulai dengan melakukan pengecekan data masukan berdasarkan aturan yang telah tersimpan dalam basis aturan dengan menerapkan metode certainty factor. Bersamaan dengan itu juga sistem akan melakukan pengecekan data input berdasarkan kasus yang tersimpan dalam basis kasus dengan menerapkan metode nearest neighbor. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahwa sistem mengenali 24 data yang sesuai dengan data riil hasil diagnosa pakar dan 6 data yang tidak sesuai dengan data riil hasil diagnosa pakar atau bisa dikatakan nilai akurasi sistem sebesar 80 %.
Improving the representation of cropland sites in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 5.0
Authors: Boas Theresa , Bogena Heye , Grünwald Thomas , Heinesch Bernard , Ryu Dongryeol , Schmidt Marius , Vereecken Harry , Western Andrew , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The incorporation of a comprehensive crop module in land
surface models offers the possibility to study the effect of agricultural
land use and land management changes on the terrestrial water, energy, and
biogeochemical cycles. It may help to improve the simulation of
biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes on regional and global scales in
the framework of climate and land use change. In this study, the performance
of the crop module of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) was
evaluated at point scale with site-specific field data focusing on the
simulation of seasonal and inter-annual variations in crop growth, planting
and harvesting cycles, and crop yields, as well as water, energy, and carbon
fluxes. In order to better represent agricultural sites, the model was
modified by (1) implementing the winter wheat subroutines following Lu et al. (2017) in CLM5; (2) implementing plant-specific parameters for sugar beet,
potatoes, and winter wheat, thereby adding the two crop functional types
(CFTs) for sugar beet and potatoes to the list of actively managed crops in
CLM5; and (3) introducing a cover-cropping subroutine that allows multiple crop
types on the same column within 1 year. The latter modification allows the
simulation of cropping during winter months before usual cash crop planting
begins in spring, which is an agricultural management technique with a long
history that is regaining popularity as it reduces erosion and improves soil
health and carbon storage and is commonly used in the regions evaluated in
this study. We compared simulation results with field data and found that
both the new crop-specific parameterization and the winter wheat
subroutines led to a significant simulation improvement in terms of energy
fluxes (root-mean-square error, RMSE, reduction for latent and sensible heat by up to 57 % and 59 %, respectively), leaf area index (LAI), net ecosystem exchange, and crop
yield (up to 87 % improvement in winter wheat yield prediction) compared
with default model results. The cover-cropping subroutine yielded a
substantial improvement in representation of field conditions after harvest
of the main cash crop (winter season) in terms of LAI magnitudes,
seasonal cycle of LAI, and latent heat flux (reduction of wintertime RMSE
for latent heat flux by 42 %). Our modifications significantly improved
model simulations and should therefore be applied in future studies with
CLM5 to improve regional yield predictions and to better understand
large-scale impacts of agricultural management on carbon, water, and energy
fluxes.
Progressive water deficits during multiyear droughts in basins with long hydrological memory in Chile
Authors: Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Boisier Juan Pablo , Garreaud René , Seibert Jan , Vis Marc 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A decade-long (2010–2020) period with precipitation deficits in central–south Chile (30–41∘ S), the so-called megadrought (MD), has led to streamflow depletions of larger amplitude than expected from precipitation anomalies, indicating an intensification in drought propagation. We analysed the catchment characteristics and runoff mechanisms modulating such intensification by using the CAMELS-CL dataset and simulations from the HBV hydrological model. We compared annual precipitation–runoff (P–R) relationships before and during the MD across 106 basins with varying snow-/rainfall regimes and identified those catchments where drought propagation was intensified. Our results show that catchments' hydrological memory – modulated by snow and groundwater – is a key control of drought propagation. Snow-dominated catchments (30–35∘ S) feature larger groundwater contribution to streamflow than pluvial basins, which we relate to the infiltration of snowmelt over the Western Andean Front. This leads to longer memory in these basins, represented by a significative correlation between autumn streamflow (when snow has already melted) and the precipitation from the preceding year. Hence, under persistent drought conditions, snow-dominated catchments accumulate the effects of precipitation deficits and progressively generate less water, compared with their historical behaviour, notably affecting central Chile, a region with limited water supply and which concentrates most of the country's population and water demands. Finally, we addressed a general question: what is worse – an extreme single-year drought or a persistent moderate drought? In snow-dominated basins, where water provision strongly depends on both the current and previous precipitation seasons, an extreme drought induces larger absolute streamflow deficits; however persistent deficits induce a more intensified propagation of the meteorological drought. Hence, the worst scenario would be an extreme meteorological drought following consecutive years of precipitation below average, as occurred in 2019. In pluvial basins of southern Chile
(35–41∘ S), hydrologic memory is still an important factor, but water supply is more strongly dependant on the meteorological conditions of the current year, and therefore an extreme drought would have a higher impact on water supply than a persistent but moderate drought.