bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating indices of nutritional condition for caribou (Rangifer tarandus): which are the most valuable and why?
Authors: Cook Rachel C. , Crouse John A. , Cook John G. , Stephenson Thomas R. 
Published: July 2021

Body composition studies are critical for evaluating the accuracy of nutritional condition indices for predicting body components. We evaluated >40 indices of nutritional condition for caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) using 29 female caribou captured from three populations in Alaska (USA) that ranged in condition from 2.3% to 11.2% ingesta-free body fat (IFBF) and 6 captive female caribou that ranged in condition from 8.1% to 26.0% IFBF. Estimates of body fat, protein, and gross energy were regressed against each index of nutritional condition. Generally, indices with linear or slightly curvilinear relations to body fat and those based on multiple fat depots were the most accurate in predicting nutritional condition and the most useful over the full range of nutritional condition. A scaledLIVINDEX (a combination of subcutaneous fat thickness and a condition score), CONINDEX (a combination of kidney fat and marrow fat), and a subset of the Kistner score (pericardium and kidneys only) had the strongest relationship with body fat (r2 > 0.86) and were useful over the entire range of nutritional condition. If used properly and with adequate training, indices of nutritional condition can be a critical tool for understanding the severity and seasonality of nutritional limitations in wild caribou populations.
Hadronic rescattering in pA and AA collisions
Authors: Bierlich Christian , Sjöstrand Torbjörn , Utheim Marius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}$$

p
p

collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {A}$$

p
A

and $$\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}$$

A
A

collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably straightforward, and allows for detailed studies of the full space–time evolution. The rescattering rate is significantly higher than in $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}$$

p
p

, especially for central $$\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}$$

A
A

collisions, where the typical primary hadron rescatters several times. We study the impact of rescattering on a number of distributions, such as $$p_{\perp }$$

p
⊥

and $$\eta $$
η
spectra, and the space–time evolution of the whole collision process. Notably rescattering is shown to give a significant contribution to elliptic flow in $$\mathrm {XeXe}$$
XeXe
and $$\mathrm {PbPb}$$
PbPb
, and to give a nontrivial impact on charm production.
Next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to heavy quark fragmentation into $${}^1S^{(1,8)}_0$$ quarkonia
Authors: Feng Feng , Jia Yu , Sang Wen-Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWithin NRQCD factorization framework, in this work we compute, at the lowest order in velocity expansion, the next-to-leading-order (NLO) perturbative corrections to the short-distance coefficients associated with heavy quark fragmentation into the $${}^1S_0^{(1,8)}$$

1

S
0

(
1
,
8
)

components of a heavy quarkonium. Starting from the Collins and Soper’s operator definition of the quark fragmentation function, we apply the sector decomposition method to facilitate the numerical manipulation. It is found that the NLO QCD corrections have a significant impact.
Conservation laws for electron vortices in strong-field ionisation
Authors: Kang Yuxin , Pisanty Emilio , Ciappina Marcelo , Lewenstein Maciej , Figueira de Morisson Faria Carla , Maxwell Andrew S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate twisted electrons with a well-defined orbital angular momentum, which have been ionised via a strong laser field. By formulating a new variant of the well-known strong field approximation, we are able to derive conservation laws for the angular momenta of twisted electrons in the cases of linear and circularly polarised fields. In the case of linear fields, we demonstrate that the orbital angular momentum of the twisted electron is determined by the magnetic quantum number of the initial bound state. The condition for the circular field can be related to the famous ATI peaks, and provides a new interpretation for this fundamental feature of photoelectron spectra. We find the length of the circular pulse to be a vital factor in this selection rule and, employing an effective frequency, we show that the photoelectron OAM emission spectra are sensitive to the parity of the number of laser cycles. This work provides the basic theoretical framework with which to understand the OAM of a photoelectron undergoing strong field ionisation.

Graphic Abstract
A Replenishment Inventory Model with a Stock-Dependent Demand and Age–Stock-Dependent Cost Functions in a Random Environment
Authors: Barron Yonit 
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates an [Formula: see text] continuous-review perishable inventory model with a stock-dependent Poisson demand process, full backordering (with an extension for lost sales) and uncertainty in lead time and shelf life. Four types of costs are considered: a fixed cost of an order and each outdated item; age-dependent costs of an item (i.e., holding and salvage costs), given by a function of its remaining shelf life; and a delay cost of a backlogged demand unit, which is a function of its delay duration. Applying the supplementary variable technique, we obtain the joint probability-density function of the number of items in the system and the remaining time and thereby obtain the optimal parameters minimizing the long-run average total cost. Numerical experiments show that supply chain profits are enhanced by integrating the age components into replenishment decisions, and ignoring the shelf age- and delay-dependent costs may result in a substantial loss (up to 25%). It further appeared that estimating the lead-time distribution by an exponential one is significantly more costly, in particular as the c.v. differs from 1. In contrast, an exponential shelf life may provide a good heuristic for other shelf-life distributions.
Kīlauea–Leilani 2018 lava flow delineation using Sentinel2 and Landsat8 images
Authors: Musacchio Massimo , Silvestri Malvina , Rabuffi Federico , Buongiorno Maria Fabrizia , Falcone Sergio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Kīlauea is a broad shield volcano built against the southeastern slope of Mauna Loa. The summit presently has a caldera that is roughly 4 km by 3.2 km wide, and walls between 0 and 120 m high. In late April 2018, an eruption involving both the summit crater and the lower East Rift Zone occurred. In this work a quasi-real-time estimation of the evolution of radiant lava flow extension starting from May 2018 for Kīlauea–Leilani eruption using satellite image data is presented. The active lava flow evolution was obtained using Copernicus Sentinel2 (S2) and USGS-Landsat8 (L8) polar satellites acquiring medium/high-spatial-resolution images (20 × 20 m and 30 × 30 m, respectively) in the vis–SWIR–TIR (Short wave infrared-thermal infra red) spectral range. Because of the Kīlauea eruption extension and duration, a multisensor approach was used in order to improve the timing of the information derived by high-spatial-resolution remote-sensed data merging two missions with different revisit times. The 2018 eruptions at Hawaii's Kīlauea Volcano developed rapidly after the initial activity centred on the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘o crater floor on 1 May followed by draining of the lava lake at Halemáumáu Overlook Crater in the following days. During the magma extrusion from the summit, earthquake swarms and ground cracking hit the Leilani Estates neighbourhood on 2 May. With the S2 and L8 sensors we followed the lava flow from 5 May up to mid August, considering also that the activity started to decline from the beginning of August. At the end of the activity, Kīlauea Volcano had experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years.
HyperBench
Authors: Fischl Wolfgang , Gottlob Georg , Longo Davide Mario , Pichler Reinhard 
Published: July 2021

To cope with the intractability of answering Conjunctive Queries (CQs) and solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), several notions of hypergraph decompositions have been proposed—giving rise to different notions of width, noticeably, plain, generalized, and fractional hypertree width (hw, ghw, and fhw). Given the increasing interest in using such decomposition methods in practice, a publicly accessible repository of decomposition software, as well as a large set of benchmarks, and a web-accessible workbench for inserting, analyzing, and retrieving hypergraphs are called for.
We address this need by providing (i) concrete implementations of hypergraph decompositions (including new practical algorithms), (ii) a new, comprehensive benchmark of hypergraphs stemming from disparate CQ and CSP collections, and (iii) HyperBench, our new web-interface for accessing the benchmark and the results of our analyses. In addition, we describe a number of actual experiments we carried out with this new infrastructure.
Application of Ensemble Learning Using Weight Voting Protocol in the Prediction of Pile Bearing Capacity
Authors: Pham Tuan Anh , Vu Huong-Lan Thi 
Published: July 2021

Accurate prediction of pile bearing capacity is an important part of foundation engineering. Notably, the determination of pile bearing capacity through an in situ load test is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, this study focused on developing a machine learning algorithm, namely, Ensemble Learning (EL), using weight voting protocol of three base machine learning algorithms, gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), and classic linear regression (LR), to predict the bearing capacity of the pile. Data includes 108 pile load tests under different conditions used for model training and testing. Performance evaluation indicators such as R-square (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and MAE (mean absolute error) were used to evaluate the performance of models showing the efficiency of predicting pile bearing capacity with outstanding performance compared to other models. The results also showed that the EL model with a weight combination of

w

1

= 0.482,

w

2

= 0.338, and

w

3

= 0.18 corresponding to the models GB, RF, and LR gave the best performance and achieved the best balance on all data sets. In addition, the global sensitivity analysis technique was used to detect the most important input features in determining the bearing capacity of the pile. This study provides an effective tool to predict pile load capacity with expert performance.
Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Synergized with Medicinal Plants to Induce Musculotoxic Effects
Authors: Daubrey-Potey Thérèse , Adjogoua Valéry , Kamagaté Mamadou , Aoussi Serges , Dosso Mireille 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Multivisceral, neurological, hepatic, and renal damage has been witnessed following the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and herbal medicine. These multiple organ damages make us think of muscle damage. The objective was to study the myotoxicity of the combination of ACTs with medicinal plants. Materials and Methods. Muscle cells (RD cells) were brought into contact with preparations of antimalarial drugs and/or antimalarial herbs. The following drugs were used: artesunate 100 mg/amodiaquine 270 mg (ASAQ) and artemether 80 mg/lumefantrine 480 mg (AL); plant Sida acuta (PSA) and plant Enantia polycarpa (PEP) at 10 µg/ml. After 5 days of incubation, the cells were counted by using a hemocytometer with trypan blue solution. Results. Artesunate/amodiaquine caused a significant drop in the number of muscle cells, compared to the control, between D2 and D4 (

p

< 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the control and artemether/lumefantrine between D2 (

p

< 0.01) and D4 (

p

< 0.001) and between the control and the Sida acuta plant, on D2 (

p

< 0.001), D4 (

p

< 0.001), and D5 (

p

< 0.05). In tubes treated with ASAQ and Sida acuta, cell mortality was over 30%. Finally, statistically significant cell destruction in the tubes treated with the combination of antimalarial drugs and traditional plants compared to those of the control was observed from D2 (

p

< 0.001). Conclusion. Artemisinin-based combination therapy remains effective and well tolerated. But its combination with medicinal plants induced myotoxic effects. This toxicity would appear to be of the additive type. Further studies should be able to better elucidate the mechanism of this toxicity.
PPARα Agonist Fenofibrate Enhances Cancer Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Chekaoui Arezki , Ertl Hildegund C.J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReducing metabolic stress within the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be essential for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Using a mouse model of melanoma, we show here that appropriately timed treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate improves the ability of a T cell–inducing cancer vaccine to delay tumor progression. Fenofibrate reduced the use of glucose by tumor and stromal cells in the TME and promoted the use of fatty acids for their metabolic needs. The glucose within the TME was in turn available for use by vaccine-induced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which improved their ability to slow tumor progression. Early fenofibrate treatment 3 days after vaccination improved functions of circulating CD8+ T cells but failed to significantly affect tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) metabolism or decrease tumor progression. In contrast, delaying treatment until day 5 after vaccination modified TIL metabolism and augmented the vaccine's ability to slow tumor progression. In summary, our findings reveal that a PPARα agonist can increase the efficacy of a cancer vaccine by reprogramming cells within tumors to increase fatty acid metabolism, providing T cells access to glucose in the TME.Significance:These findings suggest that metabolic manipulations using already approved drugs may offer an easy pathway to increase the efficacy of vaccines against solid tumors.
Change in Blood and Benign Breast Biomarkers in Women Undergoing a Weight-Loss Intervention Randomized to High-Dose ω-3 Fatty Acids versus Placebo
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Befort Christie A. , Phillips Teresa A. , Nydegger Jennifer L. , Kreutzjans Amy L. , Powers Kandy R. , Metheny Trina , Klemp Jennifer R. , Carlson Susan E. , Sullivan Debra K. , Zalles Carola M. , Giles Erin D. , Hursting Stephen D. , Hu Jinxiang , Kimler Bruce F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe inflammation-resolving and insulin-sensitizing properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids have potential to augment effects of weight loss on breast cancer risk. In a feasibility study, 46 peri/postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 or greater were randomized to 3.25 g/day combined EPA and DHA (ω-3-FA) or placebo concomitantly with initiation of a weight-loss intervention. Forty-five women started the intervention. Study discontinuation for women randomized to ω-3-FA and initiating the weight-loss intervention was 9% at 6 months and thus satisfied our main endpoint, which was feasibility. Between baseline and 6 months significant change (P &lt; 0.05) was observed in 12 of 25 serum metabolic markers associated with breast cancer risk for women randomized to ω-3-FA, but only four for those randomized to placebo. Weight loss (median of 10% for trial initiators and 12% for the 42 completing 6 months) had a significant impact on biomarker modulation. Median loss was similar for placebo (−11%) and ω-3-FA (−13%). No significant change between ω-3-FA and placebo was observed for individual biomarkers, likely due to sample size and effect of weight loss. Women randomized to ω-3-FA exhibiting more than 10% weight loss at 6 months showed greatest biomarker improvement including 6- and 12-month serum adiponectin, insulin, omentin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and 12-month tissue adiponectin. Given the importance of a favorable adipokine profile in countering the prooncogenic effects of obesity, further evaluation of high-dose ω-3-FA during a weight-loss intervention in obese high-risk women should be considered.Prevention Relevance:This study examines biomarkers of response that may be modulated by omega-3 fatty acids when combined with a weight-loss intervention. While focused on obese, postmenopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer, the findings are applicable to other cancers studied in clinical prevention trials.
Vitamin D as a Potential Preventive Agent For Young Women's Breast Cancer
Authors: Bernhardt Sarah M. , Borges Virginia F. , Schedin Pepper 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Clinical studies backed by research in animal models suggest that vitamin D may protect against the development of breast cancer, implicating vitamin D as a promising candidate for breast cancer prevention. However, despite clear preclinical evidence showing protective roles for vitamin D, broadly targeted clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have yielded conflicting findings, highlighting the complexity of translating preclinical data to efficacy in humans. While vitamin D supplementation targeted to high-risk populations is a strategy anticipated to increase prevention efficacy, a complimentary approach is to target transient, developmental windows of elevated breast cancer risk. Postpartum mammary gland involution represents a developmental window of increased breast cancer promotion that may be poised for vitamin D supplementation. Targeting the window of involution with short-term vitamin D intervention may offer a simple, cost-effective approach for the prevention of breast cancers that develop postpartum. In this review, we highlight epidemiologic and preclinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer development. We discuss the underlying mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency contributes to cancer development, with an emphasis on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D. We also discuss current evidence for vitamin D as an immunotherapeutic agent and the potential for vitamin D as a preventative strategy for young woman's breast cancer.
Statin Exposure and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: A Japanese Regional Population-Based Cohort Study, the Shizuoka Study
Authors: Saito Kohei , Sato Yoko , Nakatani Eiji , Kaneda Hideaki , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Miyachi Yoshiki , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Preclinical studies suggest that statins contribute to the prevention of pancreatic cancer; however, the results of epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. Furthermore, sufficient data are unavailable for the general population of Asia. Here, we conducted an observational study using a comprehensive patient-linked, longitudinal health insurance database comprising the records of 2,230,848 individuals residing in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, from April 2012 to September 2018. We included individuals older than 40 years with data for medical examinations and statin exposure (≥365 statin prescription days). To balance baseline characteristics between the statin exposure and statin nonexposure groups, we used inverse probability of treatment propensity score weighting method. We estimated hazard ratios for associations with pancreatic cancer using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Among 2,230,848 individuals, we included 100,537 in the statin exposure group (24%) and 326,033 in the statin nonexposure group (76%). Among the statin exposure group (352,485 person-years) and the statin nonexposure group (1,098,463 person-years), 394 (1.12 per 1,000 person-years) and 1176 (1.07 per 1,000 person-years) developed pancreatic cancer, respectively (P = 0.464). After adjustments using inverse probability of treatment weighting, the statin exposure group was associated with a decreased incidence of pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence intervals, 0.72–0.99; P = 0.036). In conclusion, the current Japanese regional population-based cohort study shows that statin exposure was associated with a lower incidence of pancreatic cancer.

Prevention Relevance:
This study may support the possible role of statins in preventing pancreatic cancer in the general population in Japan.
A Fusion Protein Complex that Combines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 Signaling to Induce Memory-Like NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Becker-Hapak Michelle K. , Shrestha Niraj , McClain Ethan , Dee Michael J. , Chaturvedi Pallavi , Leclerc Gilles M. , Marsala Lynne I. , Foster Mark , Schappe Timothy , Tran Jennifer , Desai Sweta , Neal Carly C. , Pence Patrick , Wong Pamela , Wagner Julia A. , Russler-Germain David A. , Zhu Xiaoyun , Spanoudis Catherine M. , Gallo Victor L. , Echeverri Christian A. , Ramirez Laritza L. , You Lijing , Egan Jack O. , Rhode Peter R. , Jiao Jin-an , Muniz Gabriela J. , Jeng Emily K. , Prendes Caitlin A. , Sullivan Ryan P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Wong Hing C. , Fehniger Todd A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are a promising cellular therapy for cancer, with challenges in the field including persistence, functional activity, and tumor recognition. Briefly, priming blood NK cells with recombinant human (rh)IL-12, rhIL-15, and rhIL-18 (12/15/18) results in memory-like NK cell differentiation and enhanced responses against cancer. However, the lack of available, scalable Good Manufacturing Process (GMP)–grade reagents required to advance this approach beyond early-phase clinical trials is limiting. To address this challenge, we developed a novel platform centered upon an inert tissue factor scaffold for production of heteromeric fusion protein complexes (HFPC). The first use of this platform combined IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 receptor engagement (HCW9201), and the second adds CD16 engagement (HCW9207). This unique HFPC expression platform was scalable with equivalent protein quality characteristics in small- and GMP-scale production. HCW9201 and HCW9207 stimulated activation and proliferation signals in NK cells, but HCW9207 had decreased IL-18 receptor signaling. RNA sequencing and multidimensional mass cytometry revealed parallels between HCW9201 and 12/15/18. HCW9201 stimulation improved NK cell metabolic fitness and resulted in the DNA methylation remodeling characteristic of memory-like differentiation. HCW9201 and 12/15/18 primed similar increases in short-term and memory-like NK cell cytotoxicity and IFNγ production against leukemia targets, as well as equivalent control of leukemia in NSG mice. Thus, HFPCs represent a protein engineering approach that solves many problems associated with multisignal receptor engagement on immune cells, and HCW9201-primed NK cells can be advanced as an ideal approach for clinical GMP-grade memory-like NK cell production for cancer therapy.