bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological corrections of the mutant hERG channels by posaconazole
Authors: Luo Chaodi , Zheng Xinglong , Li Jing , Zhang Yongjian , Shi Tao , Yan Yang , Han Dan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProperties of mutant human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) channels can be modified by some antibiotics. However, the pharmacological effects of posaconazole on cardiomyocyte hERG channels remain unclear. Whole‐cell patch clamping, western blotting and laser confocal scanning microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of posaconazole on wild‐type (WT)‐, A561V‐ and L539 fs/47‐hERG channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. In electrophysiological experiments, HEK 293 cells were transiently co‐transfected with equal amounts of WT‐hERG, WT+A561 V‐hERG and WT+L539 fs/47‐hERG plasmids to mimic a heterozygous genotype. Posaconazole (30 μM) increased tail currents in cells expressing WT‐hERG, WT+A561 V‐hERG and WT+L539 fs/47‐hERG by 82.65%, 147.72% and 134.73%, respectively, compared to controls. Posaconazole increased hERG protein expression in cells expressing WT‐hERG, WT+A561 V‐hERG and WT+L539 fs/47‐hERG compared to controls condition as well as their trafficking to the cell membrane. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that antifungal agent posaconazole rescues the mutant A561 V‐hERG and L539 fs/47‐hERG channels by altering the gating kinetics, enhancing the expression and trafficking of hERG channels. The results demonstrate that posaconazole could be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of long QT syndrome and other arrhythmia‐related diseases.
The Asia‐Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network: 10‐year achievements and new strategies to 2030
Authors: Takeuchi Yayoi , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Yamakita Takehisa , Kano Yuichi , Nagai Shin , Bunthang Touch , Costello Mark John , Darnaedi Dedy , Diway Bibian , Ganyai Tonny , Grudpan Chaiwut , Hughes Alice , Ishii Reiichiro , Lim Po Teen , Ma Keping , Muslim Aidy M. , Nakano Shin‐ichi , Nakaoka Masahiro , Nakashizuka Tohru , Onuma Manabu , Park Chan‐Ho , Pungga Runi Sylvester , Saito Yusuke , Shakya Mangal Man , Sulaiman Mohd Khairulazman , Sumi Maya , Thach Phanara , Trisurat Yongyut , Xu Xuehong , Yamano Hiroya , Yao Tze Leong , Kim Eun‐Shik , Vergara Sheila , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Asia‐Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network (APBON) was launched in 2009, in response to the establishment of the Biodiversity Observation Network under the Group on Earth Observations in 2008. APBON's mission is to increase exchange of knowledge and know‐how between institutions and researchers concerning biodiversity science research in the Asia‐Pacific (AP) region and thereby contribute to evidence‐based decision‐making and policy‐making. Here we summarize APBON activities and achievements in its first 10 years. We review how APBON has developed networks, facilitated communication for sharing knowledge, and built capacity of researchers and stakeholders through workshops and publications as well as discuss the network plan. Key findings by APBON members include descriptions of species new to science, mapping tropical forest cover change, evaluating impacts of hydropower dams and climate change on fish species diversity in the Mekong, and mapping “Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas” in the oceans. APBON has also contributed to data collection, sharing, analysis, and synthesis for regional and global biodiversity assessment. A highlight was contributing to the “Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services” regional report. New strategic plans target the development of national‐level BONs and interdisciplinary research to address the data and knowledge gaps and increase data accessibility for users and for meeting societal demands. Strengthening networks in AP region and capacity building through APBON meetings will continue. By promoting monitoring and scientific research and facilitating the dialogue with scientists and policymakers, APBON will contribute to the implementation of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the entire AP region.
Troubling content: Guiding discussion of death by suicide on social media
Authors: Brownlie Julie , Ho Justin Chun‐ting , Dunne Nikki , Fernández Nichole , Squirrell Tim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGrowing concerns about “online harm” and “duty of care” fuel debate about how best to regulate and moderate “troubling content” on social media. This has become a pressing issue in relation to the potential application of media guidelines to online discussion of death by suicide—discussion which is troubling because it is often transgressive and contested. Drawing on an innovative mixed‐method analysis of a large‐scale Twitter dataset, this article explores in depth, for the first time, the complexities of applying existing media guidelines on reporting death by suicide to online contexts. By focusing on five highly publicised deaths, it illustrates the limits of this translation but also the significance of empathy (its presence and absence) in online accounts of these deaths. The multi‐relational and politicised nature of empathy, and the polarised nature of Twitter debate, suggests that we need to step back from calls for the automatic application of guidelines produced in a pre‐digital time to understand more about the sociocultural context of how suicide is discussed on social media. This stepping back matters because social media is now a key part of how lives and deaths are deemed grievable and deserving of our attention.
Forms of resistance in people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities
Authors: Nicholson Clare , Finlay W. Mick L. , Stagg Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGovernment policy in the UK emphasises that people with intellectual disabilities should have the opportunity to make choices and exert control over their own lives as much as possible. The ability of a person to resist activities and offers is therefore important, particularly for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities, who are likely to have language impairments and need to communicate their choices non‐verbally. Video and ethnographic data were collected from two services for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Examples of resistance by people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities and responses to that resistance by support workers were collected and examined using conversation analysis and ethnographic description. A range of non‐verbal resistance behaviours are described, and the difficulty for support workers in identifying resistance when behaviour is ambiguous is discussed. The importance of understanding these behaviours as examples of decision‐making is stressed.
Emerging contaminants, coerced ignorance and environmental health concerns: The case of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Wickham Grace M. , Shriver Thomas E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been widespread concern about environmental contamination linked to an emerging class of compounds known as PFAS [Poly‐ and per‐fluorinated alkyl substances]. PFAS contamination has been found in drinking water across the United States. Despite the increased interest within the scientific community, little research has been conducted on community environmental health concerns related to this emerging contaminant. This article analyses the case of PFAS water contamination in eastern North Carolina stemming from industrial production. Drawing from in‐depth interviews, newspaper articles and government documents, we examine how uncertainty has permeated the case and influenced both official and community responses. Specifically, we analyse corporate and political officials’ production of "coerced ignorance" surrounding PFAS and residents’ perception of environmental and health concerns under conditions of uncertainty. Implications for future research on PFAS contamination and other emerging contaminants are discussed.
The influence of Close Non‐Match fingerprints similar in delta regions of whorls on fingerprint identification
Authors: Li Kang , Wu Diling , Ai Le , Luo Yaping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFingerprint identification errors may be due to the high similarity of fingerprints from different sources, especially when queries are conducted in a large database with the application of the Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). In this study, a database of ten‐prints of 6.964 million individuals was used; 20 sets of 60 simulated fingermarks of different qualities were used and compared with fingerprints from the database. A total of 245 queries were conducted based on both the quality of each fingermark and the number of minutiae. Four types of results were obtained from these queries on the large database, and were categorized as follows: (A) Neither Same Source nor Close Non‐Match appears in the candidate list, (B) Only Same Source appears, (C) Only Close Non‐Matches appear, and (D) Both Same Source and Close Non‐Matches appear. When the quality of the fingermark was improved, more minutiae could be identified, and the degree of accuracy of the placement as well as orientation was higher. As a result, highly Close Non‐Match fingerprints appeared; this made it harder to distinguish these fingerprints from Same Source fingerprints, especially in the large database. We concluded that more highly Close Non‐Matches might appear when the database is consistently expanded, and an increasing number of Close Non‐Matches might be found with a higher ranking and score than the Same Source; this would make the identification harder for examiners and might increase the possibility of identification errors.
Toxic effect of chlorantraniliprole on new‐born larvae of the potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Bacca Tito , Cabrera Nhora J. , Gutiérrez Yeisson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora is an invasive species threatening potato crops and stored tubers. Previous studies have shown that South American populations of this species have evolved insecticide resistance to major classes of insecticides (i.e., pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates). Therefore, testing for other methods of pest control is of increasing importance. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effect of chlorantraniliprole against early immature stages of T. solanivora. We carried out a concentration–mortality bioassay using eggs. Subsequently, we subjected eggs to several insecticide application scenarios and evaluated hatching success, larvae activity and overall mortality of immature stages. Additionally, we analysed the hatching behaviour of larvae when the eggs were treated with chlorantraniliprole. After the concentration–mortality bioassay, we calculated an LC50 of 298.6 ppm, yet the mortality did not occur during the egg‐phase, but rather the neonate larvae experienced the toxic effects of chlorantraniliprole. In the subsequent exposure‐mode bioassay, the hatching success was overall high in all treatments, and larvae mortality reached 100% regardless of exposure mode. Consequently, larvae activity was severely reduced when in contact with the insecticide. Furthermore, when eggs are subjected to such LC50 dose, larvae manage to break through the chorion, but after releasing the legs, each hatching stages takes longer than the previous. Our results highlight the potential use of chlorantraniliprole for the control of T. solanivora in stored potato tubers. Additionally, chlorantraniliprole appears to be a promising alternative for the control of T. solanivora populations resistant to neurotoxic insecticides.
Sustained brain response to repeated drug cues is associated with poor drug‐use outcomes
Authors: Regier Paul S. , Jagannathan Kanchana , Franklin Teresa R. , Wetherill Reagan R. , Langleben Daniel D. , Gawyrsiak Michael , Kampman Kyle M. , Childress Anna Rose 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA threefold increase in fatal cocaine overdoses during the past decade highlights the critical lack of medications for cocaine use disorders. The brain response to drug cues can predict future drug use; however, results have been mixed. We present preliminary evidence that a sustained response to repeated cocaine cues within a single task is a significant predictor of drug‐use outcomes. Seventy‐three cocaine inpatients were administered a passive‐viewing fMRI task, featuring 500 ms novel evocative (cocaine, sexual, aversive) and neutral comparator cues in the first half (Half1), which were then repeated in the second half (Half2). After the baseline scan, patients received eight outpatient treatment weeks with twice‐weekly drug screens. Drug‐use outcome groups were empirically defined based on cocaine‐positive or missing urines averaged across the outpatient phase: GOOD (<40%), POOR (>85%), and Intermediate (INT, between 40% and 85%) outcomes. Differences of response to initial (Half1) and repeated (Half2) cues in a priori (cue‐reactive) regions were tested between outcome groups (3 [Group] × 2 [Halves] ANOVA). An interaction was found in the brain response to drug (but not sex or aversive) cues, with a significant difference between the GOOD and POOR outcome groups in Half2, driven by a significant decrease in brain response by the GOOD outcome group and a sustained brain response by the POOR outcome group, to repeated cocaine cues. The brain response to repeated drug cues may be a useful predictor of future drug use, encouraging future intervention studies to restore a “healthy” (decreasing) response to the repeated presentation of drug cues.
Immediate prepectoral implant reconstruction using TiLOOP Bra Pocket results in improved patient satisfaction over dual plane reconstruction
Authors: Ng E‐Ern Ian , Quah Gaik Si , Graham Susannah , Kanesalingam Kavitha , Meybodi Farid , Hsu Jeremy , Elder Elisabeth E. , French James 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐based reconstruction accounts for the majority of breast reconstructive procedures performed in Australia. More recently, immediate prepectoral implant reconstruction using the TiLOOP Bra Pocket has gained popularity. This study compares post‐surgical complications and patient‐reported quality of life outcomes between immediate prepectoral and dual plane implant reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients who underwent nipple‐sparing mastectomies and immediate implant reconstruction was conducted. Implants were either completely covered with TiLOOP Bra and/or TiLOOP Bra Pocket (pfm medical, Cologne, Germany) and secured in the prepectoral space (prepectoral group) or placed in the subpectoral plane with inferolateral mesh coverage (dual plane group). Data surrounding patient demographics, clinical details and post‐surgical outcomes were compared. Patient‐related quality of life outcomes were assessed with the Breast‐Q questionnaire.ResultsA total of 80 patients (109 breasts) operated on between June 2016 and December 2018 were included. The prepectoral and dual plane groups comprised of 40 patients each, including 50 and 59 operated breasts, respectively. Post‐operative complications were comparable with 11 (22%) overall complications in the prepectoral group and eight (14%) in the dual plane group (P = 0.313). Implant loss was uncommon with four (8%) cases in the prepectoral group and five (8.5%) in the dual plane group (P = 0.929). Patient‐reported quality of life outcomes were superior after prepectoral reconstruction with patients reporting a significantly higher score in the satisfaction with breasts domain (68.9 versus 57.5; P = 0.036).ConclusionImmediate prepectoral implant reconstruction with the TiLOOP Bra Pocket was associated with improved patient satisfaction and demonstrated no difference in early post‐operative outcomes.
Utilization of telehealth by surgeons during the COVID 19 pandemic in Australia: lessons learnt
Authors: Wiadji Elvina , Mackenzie Lisa , Reeder Patrick , Gani Jonathan S. , Carroll Rosemary , Smith Stephen , Frydenberg Mark , O'Neill Christine J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to the rapid and widespread adoption of telehealth. There is a need for more evidence regarding the appropriateness of telehealth, as well as greater understanding of barriers to its sustained use within surgery in Australia.MethodsA survey weblink was sent via email to 5558 Australian Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in August 2020. A single reminder email followed this 2 weeks later. Mixed methods analysis was performed of the survey data.ResultsThere were 683 (12.3%) complete responses. Telehealth (telephone or video‐link) consultations were undertaken by 638 (85%) respondents as a result of the pandemic, with 583 (85%) of these expressing a desire for continued access to telehealth. Seventy‐seven percent of respondents felt that a satisfactory level of care could be delivered via telehealth in half or more consultations. However, only 38% of respondents felt that quality of care was equivalent comparing telehealth and face‐to‐face consultations, with the inability to perform a clinical examination a frequent concern. The majority agreed that telehealth was appropriate for clinical meetings and arranging investigations (91% each), whereas only 22% and 17%, respectively, felt telehealth was an appropriate means to break bad news and manage conflict. Medicolegal, technical and financial concerns were raised as prominent barriers to the sustained use of telehealth.ConclusionSurgeons show good insight into the clinical appropriateness and limitations of telehealth. Medicolegal, technical and financial barriers need to be addressed in order to fully utilize the benefits of telehealth into the future.
Mode of delivery was associated with transient changes in the metabolomic profile of neonates
Authors: Vidarsdottir Harpa , Halldorsson Thorhallur Ingi , Geirsson Reynir Tomas , Bjarnason Ragnar , Franzson Leifur , Valdimarsdottir Unnur Anna , Thorkelsson Thordur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate potential differences in neonatal metabolomic profiles at birth and at the time of newborn screening by delivery mode.MethodsA prospective study at Women's Clinic at Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland. Women having normal vaginal birth or elective caesarean section from November 2013 to April 2014 were offered participation. Blood samples from mothers before birth and umbilical cord at birth were collected and amino acids and acylcarnitines measured by tandem mass spectrometry. Results from the Newborn screening programme in Iceland were collected. Amino acids and acylcarnitines from different samples were compared by delivery mode.ResultsEighty three normal vaginal births and 32 elective caesarean sections were included. Mean differences at birth were higher for numerous amino acids, and some acylcarnitines in neonates born vaginally compared to elective caesarean section. Maternal blood samples and newborn screening results showed small differences that lost significance after correction for multiple testing. Many amino acids and some acylcarnitines were numerically higher in cord blood compared to maternal. Many amino acids and most acylcarnitines were numerically higher in newborn screening results compared to cord blood.ConclusionWe observed transient yet distinct differences in metabolomic profiles between neonates by delivery mode.
Suicidality among children and youth in Nordic child welfare services: A systematic review
Authors: Milde Anne Marita , Gramm Hedda Bjanger , Paaske Ingeborg , Kleiven Pia Granli , Christiansen Øivin , Skaale Havnen Karen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExisting research has established child welfare (CW) clients as a vulnerable group for developing negative life trajectories, including mental health problems, work‐ and education‐related challenges and premature mortality. Knowledge of later life conditions including suicidality of clients within child welfare services (CWS) in the Nordic countries is scarce. The overall aim is therefore to gain updated knowledge on how children and youth who have received or are receiving CWS interventions from the Nordic CWS fare in relation to suicidality. The population, intervention, comparator, outcome (PICO) framework guided the search through five multidisciplinary bibliographical databases. The population were former and current CWS clients; comparators were from the general population. Six cohort studies were identified (i.e., one Finnish study and five studies from Sweden), all showing evidence of a significantly elevated risk for suicide and suicide attempt in former CWS clients. CWS clients systematically fare worse concerning suicide and suicide attempt compared to their peers from the general population. In particular, former CWS clients should be recognized as being at high risk for suicide and suicidal behaviour later in life. These findings have substantial implications for CWS practice and service delivery regarding long‐term follow‐up.
Importance of health assessments for conservation in noncaptive wildlife
Authors: Kophamel Sara , Illing Björn , Ariel Ellen , Difalco Morgan , Skerratt Lee F. , Hamann Mark , Ward Leigh C. , Méndez Diana , Munns Suzanne L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWildlife health assessments help identify populations at risk of starvation, disease, and decline from anthropogenic impacts on natural habitats. We conducted an overview of available health assessment studies in noncaptive vertebrates and devised a framework to strategically integrate health assessments in population monitoring. Using a systematic approach, we performed a thorough assessment of studies examining multiple health parameters of noncaptive vertebrate species from 1982 to 2020 (n = 261 studies). We quantified trends in study design and diagnostic methods across taxa with generalized linear models, bibliometric analyses, and visual representations of study location versus biodiversity hotspots. Only 35% of studies involved international or cross‐border collaboration. Countries with both high and threatened biodiversity were greatly underrepresented. Species that were not listed as threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List represented 49% of assessed species, a trend likely associated with the regional focus of most studies. We strongly suggest following wildlife health assessment protocols when planning a study and using statistically adequate sample sizes for studies establishing reference ranges. Across all taxa blood analysis (89%), body composition assessments (81%), physical examination (72%), and fecal analyses (24% of studies) were the most common methods. A conceptual framework to improve design and standardize wildlife health assessments includes guidelines on the experimental design, data acquisition and analysis, and species conservation planning and management implications. Integrating a physiological and ecological understanding of species resilience toward threatening processes will enable informed decision making regarding the conservation of threatened species.