bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: new oral therapeutic approaches under development
Authors: de Souza Myla Lôbo , dos Santos Widson Michael , de Sousa André Luiz Moreira Domingues , Ferraz Leslie Raphael de Moura , da Costa Lucas Amadeu Gonzaga , Silva Emerson Oliveira , Rolim Neto Pedro José 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) classifies leishmaniasis as a disease for which the development of new treatments is a priority. Available drugs are not fully effective in all cases; they have parenteral administration and exhibit serious and common adverse effects. The only oral drug available (miltefosine) has shown resistance, is expensive, and is not available in many endemic countries. Thus, the development of an oral medicine may solve many of these issues. Based on that, this review aimed to investigate which therapeutic alternatives have been studied for the development of oral drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A literature search for keywords “leishmania and oral” was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect, considering articles published in the last 5 years. The articles were selected based on the objective of the review. The main problem in the current treatment of leishmaniasis is the administration of injectables, since it requires patients to travel to health centers, hospitalization, and professional administration, conditions that are not adapted to the socioeconomic reality of patients. Therefore, many research studies have evaluated oral alternatives for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The main tested approaches were obtaining new molecules, repositioning drugs, and new formulations of old drugs. The prospects are encouraging but still require more in vivo bioavailability and clinical trials.
Effects of different wall materials on stability and umami release of microcapsules of Maillard reaction products derived from Aloididae aloidi
Authors: Bu Ying , He Wei , Zhu Lunwei , Zhu Wenhui , Li Jianrong , Liu He , Li Xuepeng 
Published: September 2021

SummaryUmami has a fast release in the long time high temperature cooking process. Microencapsulation technology can be used to control the release of aromas, and spray drying is the method most commonly used for preparing microcapsules. In this study, the Maillard reaction products from the enzymatic hydrolysate of the Aloididae aloidi were combined with chitosan (C); maltodextrin (M); chitosan and gum arabic (C + GA); M + GA; and C + M + GA via spray drying. Characterisation, flavour characteristics and umami release of microcapsules were analysed and determined. The results showed that the obtained microcapsules had the characteristics of low water content and high solubility, and had good embedding effect and thermal stability (especially MC + GA). Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the addition of wall material increased the diameter of the particles. The microcapsules in MC group and MC + GA group showed the best apparent structure, which was round without pits or pores. In the controlled release study of umami, MC + GA group showed the best sustained umami release, released 13.95%, 38.08% and 80% umami at 0.5, 4 and 32 min, respectively. In conclusion, adding C + GA as wall material of microcapsules had the best stability, flavour and taste sustained‐release effect.
Carboxy groups in fatty acids facilitate the formation and thermal stability of starch‐fatty acids complexes
Authors: Niu Bin , Peng Baixiang , Yan Yizhe 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the number of carboxy group on the formation of complexes between starch and fatty acids using different dicarboxylic acids and monobasic acids as ligand. The complexing index (CI) indicated that dicarboxylic acids could form complexes with starch and show stronger complexing ability than corresponding monobasic acids. Results from differential scanning calorimetry also displayed that starch‐dicarboxylic acids complexes presented higher onset temperature, narrow transition peaks and higher enthalpy change, indicating the higher thermal stability and uniform and homogenous crystal of starch‐dicarboxylic acids complexes. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed that the long‐range and short‐range order of starch‐dicarboxylic acids complexes was better than that of starch‐monobasic acids. According to above results, fatty acid with two carboxyl groups could form larger amount and more stability complexes than it is with one carboxyl group.
Influence of wax type on characteristics of oleogels from camellia oil and medium chain triglycerides
Authors: Shi Zhaojuan , Cao Lili , Kang Shengmei , Jiang Shaotong , Pang Min 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCamellia oil (CO) and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), characterised by different carbon chain lengths, were gelled using beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CLW) and carnauba wax (CRW). Critical concentrations, oil‐binding capacity (OBC), textural parameters, thermal properties, microscopic properties and infrared spectra were used to evaluate their differences. The carbon chain length of oil sources showed different results for the critical concentration of the three wax‐based gel oils at 25 °C, and the oleogel of MCT and CLW exhibited a minimum value (1%). The oleogels formed from CO and waxes with wax esters as the main components (BW and CRW) exhibit significantly lower OBC and textural value than the oleogels made from MCT with BW and CRW. Meanwhile, this is corroborated with the thermal behaviour and crystal morphology, and distribution of the oleogels. However, no differences in crystal types and generation of new functional groups were observed by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer, suggesting that the differences in the properties of wax‐based oleogels with different carbon chain lengths are attributed to the interactions between the waxes and the oil sources (physical interaction).
Combination treatment of high‐pressure and CaCl2 for the reduction of sodium content in chicken meat batters: effects on physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics
Authors: Wang Yu , Bai Yan‐hong , Ma Fei , Li Ke , Zhou Hui , Chen Cong‐gui 
Published: September 2021

SummaryA combination of high‐pressure processing (HPP, 200 MPa, 10 min) and CaCl2 (0.2%, w/w) on the cooking loss (CL), expressible moisture (EM), textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and firmness) and sensory attributes of reduced‐sodium (1.25% NaCl) chicken meat batters (RCMB) was investigated. The results revealed that combining HPP with CaCl2 significantly decreased EM, elevated sensory properties and acted synergistically in reducing CL and improving hardness, chewiness and firmness, which enabled RCMB to obtain quality characteristics similar to those with high salt (2.5% NaCl) content. These changes brought about by combined HPP and CaCl2 could be attributed to increased apparent viscosity and proportion of immobilised water, enhanced rheological (elastic) properties and a denser, homogeneous protein gel network with evenly dispersed small fat globules. It is interesting to take advantage of the synergy between moderate HPP and low concentrations of CaCl2 to develop meat products with reduced sodium content.
Variable thermochemical stability of RE2Si2O7 (RE = Sc, Nd, Er, Yb, or Lu) in high‐temperature high‐velocity steam
Authors: Ridley Mackenzie , Opila Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFive rare‐earth (RE) disilicates (RE2Si2O7, RE = Sc, Nd, Er, Yb, or Lu) were synthesized and exposed to high‐velocity steam (up to 235 m/s) for 125 hours at 1400°C. Water vapor reaction products, mass loss, average reaction depths, and product phase microstructural evolution were analyzed for each material after exposure. Similar to steam testing results in the literature, RE2Si2O7 (RE = Er, Yb, Lu) underwent silica depletion producing gaseous silicon hydroxide species, RE2SiO5, and RE2O3 product phases. Sc2Si2O7 reacted with high‐velocity steam to produce only a Sc2O3 product layer with no stable Sc2SiO5 phase detected by X‐ray diffraction or microscopy techniques. Further, Nd2Si2O7 rapidly reacted with steam to produce with no Nd2SiO5 or Nd2O3 reaction products. All RE2Si2O7 that produced a silicate reaction product (RE = Nd, Er, Yb, Lu) showed densification of the product phase at steam velocities above 150 m/s that resulted in enhanced resistance. The results presented in this work demonstrate that rare‐earth silicates show diverse steam reaction products, reaction product microstructures, and total reaction depths after high‐temperature high‐velocity steam exposure. Of the materials in this study, RE2Si2O7 (RE = Yb, Lu) were most stable in high‐temperature high‐velocity steam, making them most desirable as environmental barrier coating candidates.
DC electric polarization of cured cement paste being unexpectedly hindered by free water
Authors: Xi Xiang , Ozturk Murat , Chung D. D. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectric polarization is basic to the dielectric behavior, which is pertinent to the science and applications of cement‐based materials. This work reports the dynamics of the DC‐current‐induced electric polarization/depolarization of cured cement paste and their dependence on the water/cement ratio. This dependence has not been previously reported for any cement‐based material. The extent of the polarization is unexpectedly found in this work to decrease as the water/cement ratio increases, indicating that the free water hinders the polarization. This hindrance is due to (i) the dominance of ions behind the polarization (as supported by the previously reported increase in permittivity with increasing temperature), and (ii) the polar water molecules partly shielding the ions from the applied electric field. The fraction of ions in the pore solution that participates in the polarization increases with the polarization time and is 4.5 × 10‐14 for 570 s of polarization at a current of 1 μA for water/cement ratio 0.35. Upon increasing the water/cement ratio (0.3–0.4), the polarization rate decreases, the polarization extent at a given polarization time decreases, and the time to reach polarization saturation decreases. The polarization/depolarization rate decreases as the current application progresses because the polarization/depolarization hinders further polarization/depolarization. The degree of this hindrance increases with increasing water/cement ratio. Thus, a higher water/cement ratio is preferred if less polarization is desired as in resistance‐based self‐sensing, whereas a lower water/cement ratio is preferred if more polarization is desired as in capacitance‐based self‐sensing.
Porous polymer‐derived ceramics: Flexible morphological and compositional controls through sol–gel chemistry
Authors: Hasegawa George , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPorous nonoxide ceramics have exhibited impressive progress in terms of synthesis and applications over the past few decades because of their unique characteristics distinguished from the oxide counterparts. From the synthetic aspect, the preceramic polymer route, where nonoxide ceramics such as carbides and nitrides are produced from molecular precursors, offers exceptional opportunities to elaborate and control the material shape as well as the micro‐ and nanostructures in concert with various techniques. This review presents monolithic ceramic materials based on various reduced phases bearing hierarchical porosity with a focus on those obtained from macroporous preceramic monoliths prepared via the one‐pot sol–gel process accompanied by spinodal decomposition. Here, we highlight two classes of preceramic inorganic–organic hybrid gels: organometallic crosslinked polymers based on poly(silsesquioxane)s and nonorganometallic hybrid networks related to Ti without Ti–C bonds. The polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion processes are discussed with concern for the crystal transition behaviors and the variation of pore properties in different length scales upon heating. In addition, although out of the preceramic polymer category, some examples of inorganic–organic nanocomposite gels with a carbonizable polymer and/or urea for yielding porous metal carbides and nitrides in a monolithic form are introduced as well, which provides extended versatility toward a variety of transition metal systems.
Research hotspots and trends in nursing education from 2014 to 2020: A co‐word analysis based on keywords
Authors: Yang Kaihan , Wang Lei , Yang Gaobo , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate research hotspots and trends in nursing education from 2014 to 2020, and provide references for researchers to understand the research status and developing trends in this field.DesignA co‐word analysis based on keywords.MethodsData were obtained from nursing education‐related academic research articles that were retrieved through a literature search using PubMed during the period of 2014–2020. Keywords included in the analysis of literature were considered as the research objects. Bibliographic Item Co‐occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB) was employed to extract high‐frequency keywords and generate co‐occurrence matrix, graphical clustering toolkit (gCLUTO) was used to perform cluster analysis, and SPSS 25.0 was used to perform strategic diagram analysis.ResultsOverall, 7857 articles were retrieved, from which 2679 keywords were obtained and 64 high‐frequency keywords extracted. The results revealed seven hotspots in nursing education during the period of 2014–2020, which included research on: (i) continuing education in nursing, (ii) application and influence of the internet in nursing education, (iii) postgraduate nursing education, (iv) undergraduate nursing education and clinical quality training, (v) current development status and tendency of nursing education, (vi) nursing teaching methods and (vii) organization and management in nursing education.ConclusionThe seven research hotspots could reflect the publication trends in nursing education. By providing a co‐word analysis—including cluster and strategic diagram analysis—an overall command of the latest hotspots can be depicted, and researchers conducting research in nursing education can have some hints.ImpactThis study allows the development of future research on nursing education. Future researchers should explore the application of new network technologies in the process of nursing teaching, quality of postgraduate nursing education, innovative teaching methods as well as teaching strategies of improving students’ clinical ability, current situation of economics and leadership in nursing education and ability of organization and management in undergraduate nursing education.
Genetic parameters in traits of productive importance in lines of Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Zambrano‐Gonzalez Giselle , Almanza‐Pinzon Martha I. , Vélez‐T Mauricio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the textile industry, complex cocoon traits are closely related to silk production. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of economic importance traits—cocoon length (CL), cocoon weight (CW) and shell weight (SW)—in three B. mori lines—Chinese (C6), Japanese (J7) and Indian (C. Nichi)—reared under different temperature and photoperiod conditions. For each of these lines, data were collected from several generations with a full‐sibling family structure and variance‐covariance component were obtained via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates based on a bi‐trait animal model analysed through the multiple‐trait derivative‐free restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML) software. Genetic parameters of the traits varied between the silkworm lines were evaluated. Heritabilities were highest in J7 line (0.71, 0.89 and 0.93 for CL, CW and SW, respectively) followed by C6 (0.48, 0.54 and 0.50 for CL, CW and SW, respectively) and C. Nichi (0.36, 0.43 and 0.40 for CL, CW and SW, respectively). Phenotypic correlations among these lines were positive, with values ranging between 0.36 and 0.767. Similarly, genetic correlations between the analysed silkworm lines were observed to be positive, with high values ranging from 0.86 to 0.94. The evidence for environmental correlation in these lines was found only between CW‐SW traits with moderate to high values ranging from 0.600 to 0.940. The magnitude of heritability and genetic correlations implies that phenotypic variations of the CL, CW and SW traits depend mainly on genotypic variation within the J7, C6 and C. Nichi lines, and that simultaneous genetic gains are possible by implementing selection processes for any of the evaluated traits.
P53 suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR‐15a by decreasing OGT expression and EZH2 stabilization
Authors: You Zhenyu , Peng Dandan , Cao Yixin , Zhu Yuanzhe , Yin Jianjun , Zhang Guangxing , Peng Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExisting literature has highlighted the tumour suppressive capacity of microRNA‐15a (miR‐15a); however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐15a in HCC and the associated underlying mechanism. Initially, RT‐qPCR was performed to detect the expression of miR‐15a in HCC tissues and cells. Bioinformatics analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and molecular approaches were all conducted to ascertain the interaction between miR‐15a and O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT). PUGNAc treatment and cycloheximide (CHX) assay were performed to evaluate O‐GlcNAc and the stabilization of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Finally, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies were employed to elucidate the role of P53 and the miR‐15a/OGT/EZH2 axis in the progression of HCC, followed by in vivo experiments based on tumour‐bearing nude mice. Our results demonstrated that the miR‐15a expression was decreased in the HCC tissues and cells. P53 upregulated miR‐15a expression, which inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while inducing apoptosis and triggering a G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest. OGT stabilized EZH2 via catalysing O‐GlcNAc, which reversed the effect of P53 and miR‐15a. The results of our in vivo study provided evidence demonstrating that P53 could suppress the development of HCC via the miR‐15a/OGT/EZH2 axis. P53 was found to inhibit the OGT expression by promoting the expression of miR‐15a, which destabilized EZH2 and suppressed the development of HCC. The key findings of our study highlight a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
Case of subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome treated with ultra‐rapid insulin lispro
Authors: Ishii Takahiro , Katayama Akihiro , Sue Mihiro , Kuribayashi Remi , Tenta Masafumi , Matsushita Yuichi , Takeda Masaya , Iseda Izumi , Tani Satomi , Hida Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome is a rare condition that causes difficulty in glycemic control due to severe resistance to subcutaneous insulin injections. We herein present a case of a 40‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been diagnosed with subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome since the age of 29 years, and had been persistently treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using a mixture of insulin lispro and heparin. The patient was switched from insulin lispro plus heparin to ultra‐rapid insulin lispro; given that it contains treprostinil and citrate, it is expected to have similar effects as heparin, and shows similar glucose‐lowering effects and insulin absorption. Our results suggest that treatment with ultra‐rapid insulin lispro is effective for subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome.
Pressure–temperature–time constraints on gneiss dome formation in an intracontinental orogen
Authors: Varga Jan , Raimondo Tom , Morrissey Laura , Kelsey David E. , Hand Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Entia Gneiss Complex represents the mid‐crustal core of the intracontinental Alice Springs Orogen. Located in the Harts Range, central Australia, it is characterized by the development of a domal structure including two sub‐domes separated by a steeply dipping median high‐strain zone. Dominantly, orthogneiss basement crops out through a structurally overlying cover sequence represented by the Harts Range Group and records evidence of hydration, recrystallization, and partial melting of precursor Paleoproterozoic granulite facies assemblages at amphibolite facies conditions. The structurally lowest parts of the Harts Range Group were metamorphosed to peak conditions of 10.5 kbar and ~880°C during rift‐related magmatism at 480–460 Ma, immediately prior to the onset of the Alice Springs Orogeny at 450–300 Ma. By contrast, the underlying Entia Gneiss Complex records widespread metamorphism and wet melting at upper amphibolite facies conditions. Phase equilibrium modelling and in situ LA–ICP–MS geochronology of rare, low‐variance kyanite–garnet‐bearing metapelites indicate that maximum P–T conditions of ~9 kbar and ~680°C were reached between c. 360–330 Ma, demonstrating a distinctive metamorphic and temporal evolution relative to the overlying Harts Range Group that can be linked to rheological stratification. Based on the integration of our results with existing monazite, zircon, and titanite geochronology, we interpret doming of the Entia Gneiss Complex to have involved compressive ascent of rheologically weakened crust below a region of extending upper crust near the termination of the Alice Springs Orogeny. In this way, the Harts Range Group represents a cooled, locally extending thrust sheet over ductile basement quasi‐concurrent with doming. Texturally‐late sillimanite combined with increasing Y content in monazite indicates high‐temperature, kyanite‐grade metamorphism was closely followed by decompression (3–4 kbar drop from peak conditions) and rapid cooling below 600°C during emplacement of the Entia Gneiss Complex at shallower crustal levels. The findings of this study highlight the feedback between hydration, retrogression, rheological weakening, and strain accommodation, thus allowing better evaluation of the thermomechanical history of gneiss dome formation within a narrow (<80 km wide) preconditioned intracontinental corridor.Highlights

First modern P–T–t framework for gneiss dome formation in the Entia Gneiss Complex, central Australia.
The onset of metamorphism, partial melting and ductile flow at c. 360 Ma was catalysed by hydration of granulite facies basement during rift inversion.
Rapid exhumation of partially molten crust from depths of >20 km is marked by fluid‐mediated resetting of monazite down to c. 310 Ma.
Rheological stratification enabled and accelerated exhumation of the highest‐grade corridor of a narrow intracontinental orogen.