bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of miniature vortex generators on an airfoil
Authors: Szabó András , Nagy Péter Tamás , Kulcsár Márton , de Baets Gilles , Vanierschot Maarten , Paál György 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Miniature vortex generators (MVGs) have a large potential to reduce the friction drag by delaying laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layer flows through the attenuation of the growth of Tollmien-Schlichting waves. This study is concerned with the modal stability analysis of the streamwise elongated streaks in the boundary layer on the suction side of an aerodynamic body — the Bluepoint solar car of the Innoptus solar team. Two MVG configurations are investigated: one that was the focus of previous experimental studies and another one that is the recommendation of Szabó et al. (Computers & Fluids, 269, 106123, 2024). Using the methodology of Szabó et al., the stationary flow is calculated with three-dimensional CFD simulation and the boundary region equations, while the modal stability of the flow is modeled using BiGlobal and parabolized stability equations. The MVG location on the airfoil is determined using the results of initial stability calculations. It is shown that because of the low curvature, in the base flow calculation, it is sufficient to represent only the pressure gradient induced by the shape variation and the explicit curvature terms may be neglected. Furthermore, the curvature can also be neglected in the stability calculations, while non-local effects have a more substantial influence on the stability of the flow. Finally, it is shown that in the case of the streamlined body, the recommendations of Szabó et al. derived in the flat-plate boundary layer are not superior, which reveals the need for further research efforts.
An “Arcipilago” as an Intellectual Ecosystem: In Search of Jean Piaget’s Library Through a Visual History
Authors: Ratcliff Marc J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Divided into three parts, this article highlights the spatial and temporal boundaries of Jean Piaget’s library through a visual history of his office based on photographs taken since the late 1960s. First, we showed how Piaget’s library, as part of an intellectual ecosystem, sedimented along a spatial boundary into a horizontalized space, the “archipilago,” consisting of an archipelago of book stacks and files, and a vertical space, the wall-mounted bookcases. This division of space corresponded to two donations of works to the Piaget Archives made at different times. It also highlights the fact that Piaget’s writing space became mobile at a certain point in time, which has yet to be determined. Second, we scrutinized Piaget’s intellectual ecosystem, asking how his disorder was structured and what its temporal boundaries were. To answer this question, we developed a model that distinguished between two types of behavior specific to an intellectual ecosystem: research behavior and archival behavior, the former managing the potentiality of the elements it processed (open segments), while the latter closed many of these segments. Applying this model, it becomes clear that certain areas of the office were closed at a certain point in time, especially the library, which was thus partially inaccessible. The third part focused on the heuristic perimeter of this intellectual ecosystem, using statistical analyses of the library to complement its visual history. These analyses allowed us to better understand Piaget’s relationship with certain issues, such as the time it took him to build up his library, the types of reading he did, the evolution of his relationship with interdisciplinarity and the interdisciplinary perception of him by the scientific community, and the geographical distribution of the works dedicated to him at different times. The article concludes by showing how the analysis of the library allowed us to date the period when the writing space became mobile, Piaget responding to changes in his intellectual environment by modifying the shape of his ecosystem.
Analysis and Stability Assessment of the Vibratory Motion of a Magnetic Mechanical System Near Resonance
Authors: Amer T. S. , Aly Emad H. , Gad H. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This article examines a novel magnetic dynamical system consisting of a connected linearly damped transverse tuned absorber to a linearly damped spring pendulum (SP), where its suspension point moving along a Lissajous trajectory.

Description of the motion
The motion is considered under the influence of a magnetic field, a harmonic moment at the suspension point, and a harmonic force on the spring’s radial direction.

Method
The controlling equations of motion (EOM) are derived using the second kind of Lagrange’s equations (LEs) and are analytically solved up to a higher order of approximation via the traditional perturbation approach known by multiple-scales method (MSM) to achieve new results. Solvability criteria are obtained in view of the removal of secular terms, and therefore the system’s modulation equations (ME) are achieved according to the examined resonance cases. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion (CRH) is employed as a well-established approach for assessing the stability of linearized systems through the analysis of the characteristic polynomial’s coefficients. This approach is particularly suited to the model under investigation, where the stability regions were identified and examined in relation to the solutions at the steady-state scenario.

Results
Graphical representations, including time histories plots, curves of resonance response, and stability regions, are provided to elucidate how various physical parameters affect the system’s behavior. Furthermore, phase portrait diagrams have been drawn which, are powerful tools for gaining deep insights into the behavior and properties of dynamical systems. The numerical solutions (NS) for the EOM are obtained using fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithms (4RKA) and then compared with the achieved analytic approximate ones. This comparison highlights the strong consistency between them and confirms the accuracy of the applied perturbation technique.

Applications
This work holds significance for its potential applications in both theoretical physics and engineering, including the analysis of flexible arm robotics control, vibrational dynamics of flexible arms, pump and compressor systems, rotor dynamics, transportation equipment, and shipboard crane operations.
Unraveling the synergistic mechanism of urea and sodium carbonate during biochar modification and peroxymonosulfate activation for wastewater decontamination
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhu Shuting , Li Xuechuan , Wang Xing , Huang Ruzhen , Dong Wenyi , Zhao Zilong , Wang Hongjie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biochar co-modified with urea and an alkaline substance exhibited superior performance in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for wastewater decontamination. However, the mechanism underlying the synergistic relationship between urea and alkaline substance to functional groups and electronic structure of biochar during modification, and its impact on PMS activation pathway remains understudied. In this research, a modified biochar (NABC) was successfully synthesized via the one-pot pyrolysis of a mixture of urea, Na2CO3, and corncob. The synergistic effect of urea and Na2CO3 during pyrolysis was elucidated using various characterizations. Urea provided N sources and small aromatic rings, while Na2CO3 promoted the conversion of pyridinic N to graphitic N and signified the degree of graphitization; it also facilitated the retention of -COOH. Thus, NABC was porous and contained rich graphitic N and -COOH, along with high graphitization degree, endowing it with 5.2 times higher first-order kinetics than that of pristine biochar. Moreover, NABC shifted the PMS activation mechanism by inhibiting the formation of •OH and promoting generation of 1O2 and O2
•– to degrade aniline. DFT calculations further confirmed that graphitic N and -COOH functioned as critical active sites, synergistically activating PMS. This research provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the co-modification of biochar for more efficient wastewater purification.

Graphical Abstract
The Importance of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index in Predicting Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS and NLR-SII)
Authors: Özderya Ahmet , Uzun Gülay , Kara Faruk , Maz Mehmet Ali , Yerlikaya Murat Gökhan , Sayın Muhammet Raşit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is one of the main causes of secondary hypertension. Detecting RAS is important as it will change treatment plans and patient management. This study aimed to investigate the usability of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for detecting RAS in patients who underwent renal angiography.

Material and Methods
A total of 180 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups: normal renal artery (100 patients, age: 55.1 ± 12.51 years), non-critical RAS (30 patients, age: 59.24 ± 11.94 years), and critical RAS (50 patients, age: 63.55 ± 11.21 years). Statistical analysis was performed between the three groups. Regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of critical RAS detection.

Results
A statistical difference was detected between the normal renal artery, non-critical RAS, and critical RAS groups in terms of NLR (1.98 ± 0.90, 2.27 ± 0.93, and 3.05 ± 1.68, respectively; p < 0.001) and SII (491.01 ± 132.9, 561.37 ± 163.26, and 751.14 ± 225.36, respectively; p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of NLR was 2.61, and that of SII was 523.66. In separate regression analysis models, coronary artery disease, NLR, and SII were identified as independent predictors of critical RAS detection.

Conclusions
This study showed that in patients undergoing renal angiography for the evaluation of secondary hypertension etiology, elevated NLR and SII levels before the procedure had a strong relationship with the detection of critical RAS.
The Aberrant Vertebral Artery Crossing the Medullospinal Junction: a Ventral-Transverse Altered Path
Authors: Triantafyllou George , Papadopoulos-Manolarakis Panagiotis , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Tsakotos George , Piagkou Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The vertebral artery (VA) provides the posterior circulation of the brain. Although its morphological variants are frequently described, the topographical variability has received less attention despite its substantial clinical significance. The current imaging study aimed to investigate the altered course of the VA (the so-called aberrant VA-AVA) at the medullo-spinal junction (MSJ) level, considering the vessel dominance by the side (laterality). Two hundred and fifty (250) computed tomography angiograms were retrospectively studied. Thirty-seven patients had an AVA (14.8%). Twenty cases (16%) corresponded to a right-sided AVA and 17 cases (13.6%) to a left-sided AVA. Among these cases, a co-dominance was identified in 21 patients, a right-sided dominance in 10 patients, and a left-sided dominance in 6 patients. A significant difference was recorded regarding the dominant side of the VA and the side of the AVA presence (p = 0.037). Knowledge of the AVA trajectory is paramount for clinicians evaluating neurological symptoms. A wide range of clinical symptoms can arise from the abnormal crossing of the VA at the MSJ.
Human interference with wildlife surveys: a case study from camera-trapping road underpasses in Costa Rica
Authors: Flatt Eleanor , Brumberg Hilary , Hidalgo Marco , Whitworth Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Camera traps are widely used to study wildlife. However, theft and vandalism are frequent, resulting in millions of dollars in financial losses and large data gaps in research. Here we report on the impacts of camera-trap theft on a study examining wildlife movement under highway bridges in south-west Costa Rica. Even with metal cases, locks and signs installed on all camera traps, 65% were stolen. The working camera traps accumulated a total of 167 trap-nights and detected only two wild mammal species, eight bird species and one reptile species, as well as three domestic animal species and people. This limited number of wild species was unexpected given the known presence of wide-ranging megafauna and a diverse terrestrial mammal community in the region. The pervasive theft of camera traps leads to data gaps and impairs the potential for research in the region, and we discuss the potential additional reasons for detecting only a small number of species. Our findings highlight the need for solutions to camera-trap theft, to limit financial and data losses for conservation.
The role of English in the linguistic landscape of Luang Prabang
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Gao Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of English within the linguistic landscape of Luang Prabang through a combination of photographs and interviews. Specifically, we examine the characteristics of English in the linguistic landscape of Luang Prabang, the roles played by English, and the perceptions of merchants and consumers towards it. The study finds that: first, English is frequently used alongside Lao, particularly in bilingual signs, and it is also used alongside other languages within multilingual sign combinations. English predominantly appears in areas heavily frequented by consumers, where it is utilized for economic benefit. Second, English primarily fulfills the following roles in the linguistic landscape: cultural heritage bearer, tourism information provider, cultural exchange facilitator, economic opportunities creator, educational resource provider, and international image broadcaster. Third, shop owners and consumers generally express satisfaction with the presence of English in Luang Prabang's linguistic landscape, believing that English promotes economic development, cultural exchange, and brand establishment. However, some interviewees also highlight shortcomings, such as concerns over traditional culture and unfriendliness towards non-native English speakers. This study underscores the pivotal role of English in bridging cultural and economic divides in Luang Prabang, offering insights for policymakers on language policy and tourism management.
The seasonality of empire: Coping with the intermittence of the global in Portuguese Asia and beyond (1500–1650)
Authors: Marcocci Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global historians have contributed greatly to reconfiguring our understanding of the early modern world. An emphasis has broadly emerged in current scholarship on the long-distance circulation of people and goods and cross-cultural exchange of knowledge with overseas empires usually described as major vectors of global interaction. This article corrects and complicates such an interpretation by calling attention to the periodic interruption of the main lines of maritime communication that many port cities around the world experienced every year and what this meant to their inhabitants. In particular, it focuses on the seasonality of the Portuguese Empire in monsoon Asia during the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries. This specific case is approached through a combination of ecological history, labour history, and the history of emotions. Its general significance is further illuminated by extensive use of comparison with examples related to other empires across the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Factors associated with attrition in a diverse birth cohort study in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Urquhart Audrey , Sitarik Alexandra R. , Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E. , Cyrus Amanda , Graham-McNeil Katherine , Straughen Jennifer K. , Santarossa Sara , Wegienka Ganesa , Johnson Christine Cole 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Long-term birth cohorts are essential for studying health and disease over the life course. The retention of participants remains a challenge in study design. Previous research works on attrition are limited in length of follow-up time and lack of racial/ethnic diversity. Using data from the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy, and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS; United States cohort born between 2004 and 2007, n = 1258), we first performed longitudinal latent class analyses to identify patterns of participation spanning the prenatal period and six follow-up timepoints: 1, 6, 12, and 24 months; 3–6 years; and 10–12 years. Data collection included a combination of in-person visits, home visits, home specimen kits, and staff-administered questionnaires. We examined associations between baseline factors and participation class using multinomial logistic regression modeling, and with conditional inference modeling to identify variables most strongly associated with class. We identified four participation classes: high early participation with gradual loss-to-follow-up, sporadic participation, consistently high participation, and consistently low participation. Multiple baseline characteristics were associated with participation class. The “consistently high participation” class was disproportionately composed of participants who were older, were of higher education, had private insurance, had suburban residence, and were with higher income. Conditional inference trees identified maternal education, insurance, and income as most strongly associated with participation class. Through latent class modeling, we show that participants who were lost to follow-up fell into distinct groupings of participation. In the future, preparatory communications with those who are at the highest risk of study discontinuation may improve long-term retention.
Clear‐Sky Convergence, Water Vapor Spectroscopy, and the Origin of Tropical Congestus Clouds
Authors: Spaulding‐Astudillo Francisco E. , Mitchell Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCongestus clouds, characterized by their vertical extent into the middle troposphere, are widespread in tropical regions and play an important role in Earth's climate system. However, fundamental questions regarding their formation and prevalence remain unanswered. Here, we endeavor to answer how congestus cloud tops form by detraining preferentially at altitudes between 5 and 6 km and why this detraining outflow is invigorated by drier mid‐tropospheric conditions. We construct a clear‐sky radiative‐convective framework of congestus cloud‐top formation that is grounded in the discovery of an important spectroscopic property of water vapor. In this mass‐ and energy‐conserving framework, convective detrainment maximizes at a height of 5 and 6 km due to a swift decline in radiative cooling in clear‐sky regions. This decline is, in turn, a consequence of water vapor spectroscopy: more specifically, a drop in the number of strong absorption lines in the water vapor rotation band. In a simple spectral model, we link this spectroscopic property to the shape of the rotation band, which can be approximated as the product of a power law and a sine wave representing the band's deviation from statistical log‐linearity. The characteristic “C”‐shaped relative humidity profile in the tropics further strengthens the outflow in drier mid‐level conditions by amplifying vertical decreases in the clear‐sky cooling rate. Essential to this process are strong RH gradients, which are most pronounced under the driest conditions and induce a vertical decrease in the optical depth lapse rate across the mid‐troposphere.
Formation of Miocene Authigenic Carbonates Within the Shimanto Accretionary Complex, Southwest Japan
Authors: Hara H. , Utsunomiya M. , Tonai S. , Matsumoto H. , Satish‐Kumar M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAuthigenic carbonates in the exhumed Miocene Shimanto accretionary complex (the Nabae carbonates) were studied in the Cape Muroto area to better constrain the formation mechanisms and tectonic setting during carbonate precipitation. Three main types of carbonates were recognized on the basis of morphology: nodular, bedded, and tubular. The δ13C values of the carbonates define two distinct groups with relatively low (−31.9‰ to −20.3‰) and relatively high values (−14.7‰ to −4.7‰). The former suggests carbonate precipitation from methane‐enriched fluids, while the latter indicates mixing of fluid sources in a range of depositional settings. Most carbonates have REE + Y patterns characterized by well‐defined positive Eu and Y anomalies, which we interpret to have formed by mixing between defused hydrothermal fluids and seawater. Other samples are enriched in MREE, a signature that is found in methane‐derived cold seep carbonates. Additionally, the carbonates exhibit positive correlations between δ13C and various proxies for detrital input (e.g., REE + Y, Zr content, Y/Ho ratios). Based on comparing our observations with drill core and geophysical measurements from the active Nankai accretionary complex, we conclude that the Nabae carbonates were precipitated from relatively low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids or as cold seeps near the deformation front at the toe of the Shimanto accretionary complex in a high heat flow environment. As the first onshore example of ancient authigenic carbonates from an accretionary complex, the Nabae carbonates have the potential to reveal important information regarding the characteristics and distribution of hydrothermal areas in active accretionary wedges.
Convolutional Neural Networks Trained on Internal Variability Predict Forced Response of TOA Radiation by Learning the Pattern Effect
Authors: Rugenstein Maria , Van Loon Senne , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPredicting forced, long‐term radiative feedbacks from internal climate variability has been a decades‐long quest in climate science. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict annual‐ and global‐mean top of the atmosphere radiation anomalies from time‐varying maps of near‐surface temperature in climate models. Trained on internal variability alone, the nonlinear CNN can predict radiation under strong climate change, outperforms a regularized linear regression approach, and works within and across different climate models. We show with explainable artificial intelligence methods that the CNN draws predictive skill from physically meaningful regions but at much smaller spatial scales than currently assumed.
Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production and Emission Pathways in the Belowground and Draining Water Bodies of a Tropical Peatland Plantation Forest
Authors: Taillardat Pierre , Moore Jared , Sasmito Sigit , Evans Chris D. , Alfina Tiara , Lok Sophie , Bandla Aditya , Cahya Muhardianto , Deshmukh Chandra S. , Dubey Rama Kant , Kurnianto Sofyan , Swarup Sanjay , Tarigan Suria , Taufik Muh , Lupascu Massimo , Taylor David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPeatlands are crucial yet vulnerable carbon stores. Here, we investigated carbon biogeochemical processes in tropical peatlands converted to plantations. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations, stable isotope ratios and radiocarbon content in an experimental Acacia crassicarpa plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. We found exceptionally high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO2, and CH4 in porewater and drainage networks, indicating that Acacia plantations are carbon hotspots due to their high productivity and exposed carbon‐dense substrates. Stable isotope models revealed that while CO2 and CH4 are produced belowground, CH4 contribution was lower than in natural undrained peatlands. Radiocarbon analysis suggested that remobilized carbon contributed to the carbon pool, with a median age of ∼470 years before present. These findings constrain the links between land‐use, water table levels, and carbon dynamics, with implications for carbon management in plantation peatlands.