bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA: A promising new star for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Shunhao , Sun Jing , Gu Minqi , Wang Guihua , Wang Xudong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. According to the research of circular RNAs in the CRC field, compared with linear RNAs, circular RNAs are a special type of noncoding RNA that are covalently closed circular structures, which have no 5' cap structure and 3' polyA tail and are not affected by RNA exonuclease and actinomycin D.Biological functionsNotably, circular RNAs have a high degree of stability and potential effect on gene regulation. Meanwhile, circular RNAs are involved in the sponge action of microRNAs and mediate protein translation and direct binding, alternative splicing, and histone modification.Relationships with CRCStudies have shown that circular RNAs are related to the proliferation, invasion, recurrence, metastasis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC.ConclusionsThis article provides a brief review based on the source, structural characteristics, mechanisms, biological functions of circular RNAs, and the relationships between CRC.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve‐in‐valve implantation for degenerative surgical bio‐prosthesis using SAPIEN 3: A case series
Authors: Chandavimol Mann , Ngernsritrakul Tawai , Meemook Krissada , Apinyasawat Sirin , Tangcharoen Tarinee , Pienvichit Pavit , Samankatiwat Piya , Boonbaichaiyapruck Sarana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe evaluated early outcomes of transcatheter valve‐in‐valve (ViV) implantation in patients with degenerated bio‐prosthesis in tricuspid position. Total of 5 patients were included in our case series. Baseline native tricuspid valve etiology were highly varied ranging from chest wall trauma, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and complex congenital heart disease. These differences also made patient comorbidities highly varied. Procedure details were also varied due to different clinical and technical challenges. All cases underwent successful Tricuspid VIV implantation with satisfactory hemodynamics results. All patients experienced improved clinical symptoms at follow up.
Influence of the PTFE Membrane Thickness on the CO2 Electroreduction Performance of Sputtered Cu‐PTFE Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Huq Faria , Sanjuán Ignacio , Baha Sabrina , Braun Michael , Kostka Aleksander , Chanda Vimanshu , Junqueira João R. C. , Sikdar Nivedita , Ludwig Alfred , Andronescu Corina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGas diffusion electrodes (GDE) obtained by sputtering metal films on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes are among the most performant electrodes used to electrochemically reduce CO2. The present work reveals several essential aspects for fabricating performant PTFE‐based gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for CO2 electroreduction (CO2R). We show that adding an additive layer (a mixture of carbon and Nafion™ or Nafion™ only) is required for stabilizing the metal catalyst film (Cu), deposited via sputtering on the PTFE membrane, during the CO2R experiments. We found that the PTFE membrane thickness used in the GDE fabrication plays an essential role in electrode performance. The quantification of the products formed during the CO2R conducted in a flow‐cell electrolyzer revealed that on thinner membranes, CO2R is the dominant process while on thicker ones, the H2 formation is promoted. Thus, the PTFE membrane influences the CO2 transport to the catalyst layer and can be used to promote the CO2R while maintaining a minimum H2 production.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides byβ‐Glucosidases in a 2‐in‐1 Deep Eutectic Solvent System
Authors: Delavault André , Grüninger Jens , Kapp Daniel , Hollenbach Rebecca , Rudat Jens , Ochsenreither Katrin , Syldatk Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlkyl glycosides are biodegradable surfactants with excellent physico‐chemical properties. Although their wide‐range application is considered ecofriendly, their synthesis is not due to the need for toxic organic solvents and corrosive acids as catalysts. Moreover, chemical synthesis results in complex mixtures rather than defined compounds. To overcome both disadvantages as well as the limited solubility of sugars in organic solvents, a highly selective enzymatic synthesis was set up with aβ‐glucosidase condensing D‐glucose and different fatty alcohols in a deep eutectic solvent.
Versuche mit der Mikrowelle
Authors: Linkwitz Michael , Zidny Robby , Nida Safwatun , Seeger Lea , Belova Nadja , Eilks Ingo 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Beschleunigung chemischer Reaktion mit Mikrowellenreaktoren nimmt in der Chemie als Beitrag der grünen Chemie zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit einen immer größeren Raum ein. In der Ausbildung von Lehrkräften und Laboranten und im Schulunterricht spielt dies bislang allerdings kaum eine Rolle. Im Beitrag wird eine Reihe von Versuchen vorgestellt, um im chemischen Praktikum oder Schulunterricht Experimente aus der organischen Chemie mit Labormikrowellen, ähnlich arbeitenden Geräten oder mit der Haushaltsmikrowelle durchzuführen.
An effective resource scheduling model for edge cloud oriented AIoT
Authors: Liang Ying , Cui Tianxu , Cao Yang , Tang Hengliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is a new research area in AI and IoT. For the massive data and connections at the edge of AIoT, how to schedule the resource load is a key problem to be solved. For the multi‐objective resource scheduling problem in a cross‐domain environment, this article proposes a resource scheduling method based on edge computing and multi‐objective algorithms. First, a cloud‐edge hybrid AIoT hierarchical network resource management architecture is constructed. Then, the resource scheduling problem is modeled and a linear weighting strategy is designed for search space “pruning”, which is then optimized by three multi‐objective algorithms. Finally, we conducted a series of experiments based on the iFogSim platform. The simulation results show that the proposed resource scheduling strategy can effectively reduce the processing delay of AIoT and effectively improve the energy utilization efficiency of devices in the network.
Dynamical screening in the description of plasma transport properties with arbitrary degeneracy
Authors: Karakhtanov V.S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor the first time, the contribution of electron–electron scattering to the electrical conductivity of plasma is calculated with simultaneous consideration of degeneracy and dynamic screening. A procedure for calculating electron–electron correlation functions used in the linear response theory in the formulation of Zubarev is developed. The Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the Fermi–Dirac distribution function is applied. Calculations were carried out in the random‐phase approximation for the dielectric function.
A resource for understanding and evaluating outcomes of undergraduate field experiences
Authors: Shortlidge Erin E. , Jolley Alison , Shaulskiy Stephanie , Geraghty Ward Emily , Lorentz Christopher N. , O'Connell Kari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUndergraduate field experiences (UFEs) are a prominent element of science education across many disciplines; however, empirical data regarding the outcomes are often limited. UFEs are unique in that they typically take place in a field setting, are often interdisciplinary, and include diverse students. UFEs range from courses, to field trips, to residential research experiences, and thereby have the potential to yield a plethora of outcomes for undergraduate participants. The UFE community has expressed interest in better understanding how to assess the outcomes of UFEs. In response, we developed a guide for practitioners to use when assessing their UFE that promotes an evidence‐based, systematic, iterative approach. This essay guides practitioners through the steps of: identifying intended UFE outcomes, considering contextual factors, determining an assessment approach, and using the information gained to inform next steps. We provide a table of common learning outcomes with aligned assessment tools, and vignettes to illustrate using the assessment guide. We aim to support comprehensive, informed assessment of UFEs, thus leading to more inclusive and reflective UFE design, and ultimately improved student outcomes. We urge practitioners to move toward evidence‐based advocacy for continued support of UFEs.
Predictability of flow metrics calculated using a distributed hydrologic model across ecoregions and stream classes: Implications for developing flow–ecology relationships
Authors: Eddy Michele C. , Lord Benjamin , Perrot Danielle , Bower Luke M. , Peoples Brandon K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping environmental flow standards requires an empirical understanding of the relationship between species' ecology and instream flow. However, when congruent biological and hydrologic data are lacking, the accurate simulation of hydrologic metrics (HMs) corresponding to the locations of biological data is needed. Methods to predict HMs vary in formulation (i.e., statistical vs. process‐based hydrologic models), ability to simulate HMs across the full range of the hydrologic regime (i.e., magnitude, duration, frequency, rate of change and timing) and ability to transfer HMs from gaged to ungaged locations. Yet, despite the breadth of modelling approaches, less attention has been paid to the variability in HMs associated with each approach. In this study, we apply a distributed hydrologic model to the diverse watersheds of South Carolina to examine the predictability of HMs from simulated daily time series of streamflow across ecoregions, stream classifications and level of human alteration. In doing so, we contextualize the predictability of HMs, giving managers and researchers in South Carolina the flexibility of choosing HMs that are best suited for quantifying flow–ecology relationships based on the location, flow regime components of interest and uncertainty of HMs. We found that at least one HM within each of the five flow regime components (out of a selected subset of 41 non‐redundant HMs) was consistently and accurately predicted across the diverse streams of the study area. We discuss the patterns of predictability related to site characterizations and individual HMs and their implications for developing environmental flow standards.
Measurement and prediction of water consumption by Douglas‐fir, Northern California, USA
Authors: Stubblefield Andrew P. , Reddy Kirsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDouglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an important component of mixed‐conifer forests of the Western United States. Changes in forest composition from Douglas‐fir encroachment in areas of fire‐suppression could have implications for water balance, supply and stream habitats. Increasing episodes of severe drought linked to climate change threaten forest health. Measurements of tree water inform management and biosphere models. Twenty‐six trees were instrumented with thermal dissipation sapflow probes. Sites were in Petrolia, California, and Maple Creek, California. Monitoring took place from Summer 2015 through Summer 2016. Daily water use was found to decline steeply over each summer dry period. This may limit the influence of Douglas‐fir on soil moisture budgets and streamflow during this time period. Tree size, peak and low flow daily water use averages were statistically related. Little difference was found between drier 2015 and wetter 2016 years. However, larger trees showed greater peak water use in 2015, perhaps from sufficient moisture and greater insolation, and at Petrolia, larger trees showed greater dry period water use in 2016, as greater moisture levels persisted into the summer. Linear mixed effects models of daily integral sap velocity (cm/day) were created with the input variables of solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture. The best model using Akaike information criterion scores had fixed effects of solar radiation and VPD. This model was trained on one site and then validated at the second site with goodness of fit tests. The model is provided for estimating Douglas‐fir water use.
Non‐additive biotic interactions improve predictions of tropical tree growth and impact community size structure
Authors: Lai Hao Ran , Chong Kwek Yan , Yee Alex Thiam Koon , Mayfield Margaret M. , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowth in individual size or biomass is a key demographic component in population models, with wide‐ranging applications from quantifying species performance across abiotic or biotic conditions to assessing landscape‐level dynamics under global change. In forest ecology, the responses of tree growth to biotic interactions are widely held to be crucial for understanding forest diversity, function, and structure. To date, most studies on plant–plant interactions only examine the additive competitive or facilitative interactions between species pairs; however, there is increasing evidence of non‐additive, higher‐order interactions (HOIs) impacting species demographic rates. When HOIs are present, the dynamics of a multispecies community cannot be fully understood or accurately predicted solely from pairwise outcomes because of how additional species “interfere” with the direct, pairwise interactions. Such HOIs should be particularly prevalent when species show non‐linear functional responses to resource availability and resource‐acquisition traits themselves are density dependent. With this in mind, we used data from a tropical secondary forest—a system that fulfills both of these conditions—to build an ontogenetic diameter growth model for individuals across 10 woody‐plant species. We allowed both direct and indirect interactions within communities to influence the species‐specific growth parameters in a generalized Lotka–Volterra model. Specifically, indirect interactions entered the model as higher‐order quadratic terms, i.e., non‐additive effects of conspecific and heterospecific neighbor size on the focal individual's growth. For the whole community and for four out of 10 focal species, the model that included HOIs had more statistical support than the model that included only direct interactions, despite the former containing a far greater number of parameters. HOIs had comparable effect sizes to direct interactions, and tended to further reduce the diameter growth rates of most species beyond what direct interactions had already reduced. In a simulation of successional stand dynamics, the inclusion of HOIs led to rank swaps in species' diameter hierarchies, even when community‐level size distributions remained qualitatively similar. Our study highlights the implications, and discusses possible mechanisms, of non‐additive density dependence in highly diverse and light‐competitive tropical forests.
A Matteson Homologation‐Based Synthesis of Doliculide and Derivatives
Authors: Tost Markus , Andler Oliver , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoliculide belongs to a group of marine cyclodepsipeptides with interesting biological properties. Apart from a halogenated dipeptide, a polyketide fragment containing 5 stereogenic centers is the most eye‐catching element. This building block can be synthesized in a highly stereoselective fashion using only one key reaction: the Matteson homologation. This straightforward protocol allows for the introduction of a wide range of substituents at almost any position of a growing carbon chain and it is therefore perfectly suited for the synthesis of derivatives for structure‐activity relationship studies
The hydro‐geomorphological setting of the Old Kingdom town of al‐Ashmūnayn in the Egyptian Nile Valley
Authors: Toonen Willem H. J. , Cortebeeck Kylie , Hendrickx Stan , Bader Bettina , Peeters Jan , Willems Harco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ancient Egyptian city of al‐Ashmūnayn (Minyā Governorate, Egypt) has been an important regional centre since at least the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2160 BC). It is assumed to have been founded on the banks of the Nile, although no scientific evidence was hitherto available to support this claim. In this multidisciplinary study, the results of a geoarchaeological survey were combined with the study of pottery fragments. Boreholes placed at al‐Ashmūnayn produced thick layers of late Old Kingdom pottery in association with the local occurrence of river channel deposits, allowing us to conclude that it is very likely that al‐Ashmūnayn originated on the banks of the Nile River. The regional borehole survey demonstrates that major geomorphological reconfigurations of the fluvial landscape occurred throughout the late Holocene, notably by the process of river avulsion. An interconnectedness of changes in the natural Nile Valley landscape and cultural dynamics of the ancient Egyptian riverine society seems possible, based on the coincidence of river reconfigurations with shifts in the preferential locations for high‐status burials in the region.
Altered single‐subject gray matter structural networks in drug‐naïve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children
Authors: Chen Ying , Lei Du , Cao Hengyi , Niu Running , Chen Fuqin , Chen Lizhou , Zhou Jinbo , Hu Xinyu , Huang Xiaoqi , Guo Lanting , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAltered topological organization of brain structural covariance networks has been observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, results have been inconsistent, potentially related to confounding medication effects. In addition, since structural networks are traditionally constructed at the group level, variabilities in individual structural features remain to be well characterized. Structural brain imaging with MRI was performed on 84 drug‐naïve children with ADHD and 83 age‐matched healthy controls. Single‐subject gray matter (GM) networks were obtained based on areal similarities of GM, and network topological properties were analyzed using graph theory. Group differences in each topological metric were compared using nonparametric permutation testing. Compared with healthy subjects, GM networks in ADHD patients demonstrated significantly altered topological characteristics, including higher global and local efficiency and clustering coefficient, and shorter path length. In addition, ADHD patients exhibited abnormal centrality in corticostriatal circuitry including the superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus, medial superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and pallidum (all p < .05, false discovery rate [FDR] corrected). Altered global and nodal topological efficiencies were associated with the severity of hyperactivity symptoms and the performance on the Stroop and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test tests (all p < .05, FDR corrected). ADHD combined and inattention subtypes were differentiated by nodal attributes of amygdala (p < .05, FDR corrected). Alterations in GM network topologies were observed in drug‐naïve ADHD patients, in particular in frontostriatal loops and amygdala. These alterations may contribute to impaired cognitive functioning and impulsive behavior in ADHD.
Multimarker Panels for Detection of Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicenter, Case‐Control Study
Authors: Piratvisuth Teerha , Tanwandee Tawesak , Thongsawat Satawat , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Esteban Juan Ignacio , Bes Marta , Köhler Bruno , He Ying , Swiatek‐de Lange Magdalena , Morgenstern David , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen 
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common cancer worldwide, has an incidence rate equal to mortality. Over 80% of HCC cases occur within a high‐risk population, mainly patients with both cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B or C. With a 5‐year survival rate ranging from <16% for advanced HCC to >90% for early stage HCC, there is a high medical need for the early detection of HCC. In this study, we systematically evaluated biomarkers mentioned in international guidelines and peer‐reviewed literature for HCC surveillance and diagnosis with the aim of identifying combinations that display high sensitivity and specificity for early stage HCC. Fifty biomarkers were measured in the first sample panel, panel A (n = 110), and subjected to univariate analysis. Of these, 35 biomarkers (38 assays) from panel A and an additional 13 biomarkers from the literature were prioritized for subsequent multivariate evaluation with lasso regression and exhaustive search of two‐ to four‐biomarker combinations (panel B). Panel B included 1,081 samples from patients with HCC (n = 308) or with chronic liver diseases (n = 740). Among all patients, 61.0% had hepatitis B, 32.9% had hepatitis C, and 60.5% had cirrhosis; 40.6% of patients with HCC had early stage cancer. Protein induced by vitamin K absence‐II (PIVKA‐II; also known as des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin [DCP]) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) demonstrated the best clinical performance, both individually and in combination, and the addition of a third biomarker (Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP [AFP‐L3], cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP], insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 [IGFBP3], or matrix metalloproteinase 3 [MMP3]) further increased sensitivity for the detection of both early stage and all‐stage HCC. The addition of age and sex to the three‐biomarker panel resulted in an improved diagnostic performance. Conclusion: The combination of AFP and PIVKA‐II, with either IGFBP3, COMP or MMP3, plus age and sex, demonstrated the best performance for the detection of early‐ and all‐stage HCC. These novel panels performed similar to that of the GALAD score (sex [gender], age, plus serum levels of AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP [PIVKA‐II]), a promising screening tool developed for HCC detection.
Ex vivo fluorescent confocal microscopy images of oral mucosa: Tissue atlas and evaluation of the learning curve
Authors: Shavlokhova Veronika , Flechtenmacher Christa , Sandhu Sameena , Vollmer Michael , Vollmer Andreas , Saravi Babak , Engel Michael , Ristow Oliver , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freudlsperger Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEx vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a developing tool providing rapid digital imaging of fresh tissue utilizing high‐resolution optical sectioning that highly corresponds with conventional hmatoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained slides. A very little data on oral mucosa lesions exist currently. The present work aimed to create an image atlas of benign and malignant oral tissues and compare them to the corresponding histopathology. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the learning curve for confocal image interpretation. From 50 samples obtained from the oral mucosa, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), dysplasia, and healthy oral tissue, ex vivo FCM images and corresponding H&E slides were created and collected into a tissue atlas. Additionally, two experts were asked to analyze the images to assess the learning curve. Ex vivo FCM images revealed high comparability with histopathological images. Tissues including OSCC, dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa were implemented in the image atlas to provide the diagnostic fundament for pathologists and surgeons; the learning curve was short. Future studies on this topic will be advantageous for the development of artificial intelligence‐based diagnostic approaches. The current work provides a novel set of data that are structured as an atlas of common pathologies of the mucosa to enhance the existing knowledge and material on confocal images.