bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Interfacial Temperature on the Adhesion Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Metal-Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Lima C.R.C. , Trevisan R.D.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal-ceramic coatings have been widely used for industrial applications, mainly in the thermal barrier coating technology (TBC). Plasma spraying is the common manufacturing process of TBC's. Conventional thermal barrier coatings consist of a metallic bond coat layer and an insulating ceramic overlay. Graded coatings or functionally gradient coatings have also been applied in order to solve the problems associated with the early spallation of plasma-sprayed conventional TBCs. Temperatures and gradients during plasma spraying have and important influence on the coating quality, specially the temperature of the particles just hitting the substrate surface. When applying so distinct materials like metals and ceramics this fact has an increased importance. In this work metal-ceramic coatings have been applied on metallic substrates. The interfacial temperature measurements were performed by optical pyrometry. The substrate temperature was measured by thermocouples. The adhesion of the coatings was determined by standard ASTM tests and correlated with the measured temperatures. In a general way, results show that the coatings with lower adhesion values were that with lower interfacial measured temperatures.
High Temperature Oxidation of Bond Coats in Thermal Barrier Systems
Authors: Peraldi R. , Monceau D. , Pieraggi B. , Malie A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The isothermal oxidation of bond coats composed of vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) MCrAlY (NiCoCrAlYTa and CoNiCrAlY) or palladium modified nickel aluminides (NiPd + APVS) was studied in several oxygen partial pressures (105, 1 and 10-5 Pa), with two heating rates (20 and 60K/min) at different temperatures (900, 1000 and 1100°C). For MCrAlY coatings, Arrhenius plots of the parabolic rate constants show a kinetic transition below 1000°C. This could be linked to a transition from Al2O3 to Cr2O3 scale growth. Lower oxygen partial pressures induce lower parabolic rate constants at 900°C. This leads to the assumption that scales grown at low oxygen partial pressures are still formed of alumina at 900°C. Nevertheless, these results could not be confirmed by chemical analysis (EDS, XPS). The two tested heating rates show no influence on the oxidation kinetics of both MCrAlY coatings. In the case of aluminide, for low oxygen partial pressures, the parabolic kinetics are reduced of one order of magnitude (for PO2 = 105 to 1 Pa) and correspond to a thinner scale of α-alumina. Also, the heating rate modifies the parabolic kinetics (i.e. after the transient stage) and the total weight gains for all oxidation temperatures, with higher parabolic rate constants after heating at slower rate.
Anisotropic Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits
Authors: lavsky J. , Long G.G. , Allen A.J. , Leblanc L. , Prystay M. , Moreau C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits (PSD) is dominated by two void systems - interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks - each with a different anisotropy. Varying anisotropics and crack-to-pore ratios within PSDs are responsible for the anisotropic properties observed in the deposits. While it is difficult to apply standard porosity measurement techniques to the assessment of anisotropic microstructures, novel techniques utilizing different approaches have recently emerged. Image analysis (IA) of impregnated PSD samples is the most direct technique. The structure is stabilized by impregnation and then polished and imaged. The limitations of IA lie in the impregnation process and in the subsequent polishing. Also, the images produced from anisotropic materials can be difficult to interpret quantitatively. The technique of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been successfully applied to the study of PSDs. The major advantages of SANS are that it does not require sample preparation and that quantitative information can be gotten about the separate crack and pore systems, including their distinctive anisotropics. However, the relationship between the SANS results and the underlying structure is more complex and less intuitive than for IA, and the availability of the SANS technique is limited by the need to have access to a powerful neutron source, such as a reactor. Also, the two techniques present different views of the microstructure because of the different sensitivities in different parts of the size range. This paper compares results from IA and SANS from a set of thick plasma-sprayed ceramic deposits possessing a range of crack/pore microstructures, and discusses how the two techniques might complement one another.
Evolution of the Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits During Heating
Authors: Ilavsky J. , Long G.G. , Allen A.J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The evolution of the void microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plasma-sprayed deposits (PSD) was studied as a function of heating in air from room temperature to 1400°C , and during a constant temperature hold at 1100°C for 19 hours. The samples were studied using the terminal slope (Porod scattering) of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), modified for the analysis of anisotropic structures. The experiment was done in-situ using a special furnace built for use on the small-angle scattering instrument. SANS Porod scattering can distinguish between the two major void systems - interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks - that are present in the PSD microstructure. Thus, changes in the void surfaces of the cracks and the pores could be followed separately as a function of temperature. The surface area attributable to the interlamellar cracks significantly decreased at temperatures below 1000°C, whereas the surface area of the interlamellar pores only began to decrease at temperatures above 1000°C. This suggests that there are significant differences in the sintering of these two void systems, probably associated with differences in their sizes and shapes. The first noticeable changes in the void surfaces were observed at temperatures just above 600°C, which is a very low temperature for YSZ. During annealing at 1100°C for 19 hours, there was a decrease in the interlamellar surfaces of about 10%.
Endovascular treatment of a ruptured aneurysm arising from the proximal end of a partial vertebrobasilar duplication with a contralateral prominent persistent primitive hypoglossal artery: illustrative case
Authors: Genkai Nobuyuki , Okamoto Kouichirou , Nomura Toshiharu , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Ruptured aneurysms associated with a partial vertebrobasilar duplication or a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) have been reported. Only rarely has endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms in association with both vascular variations been reported.

OBSERVATIONS
A 66-year-old woman experienced the sudden onset of a severe headache caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiograms demonstrated a prominent PPHA originating from the left internal carotid artery at the C2 vertebral level and a partial vertebrobasilar duplication between the hypoplastic right vertebral artery and proximal basilar artery with a small aneurysm at the proximal end of the duplication from where the anterior spinal artery originated. The left vertebral artery was aplastic. A microcatheter was introduced into the aneurysm via the PPHA under the control of high blood flow, using a balloon-assisted technique. The aneurysm was completely obliterated with a coil. Although small cerebellar and cerebral infarcts developed during the procedure, the patient was discharged without neurological symptoms.

LESSONS
To avoid serious neurological complications, precise analysis of the complex vascular anatomy, including the anterior spinal artery and hemodynamics, is clinically important for endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysms in patients with an association between a partial vertebrobasilar duplication and a PPHA.
Right hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection: illustrative case
Authors: Farrell Molly , Mathew Ezek , Weiss Martin , Dickerman Rob 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Cervical radiculopathy is a common cause of neck pain, with radiation into the upper extremity in a dermatomal pattern. Corticosteroid injection is a conservative management option with a low risk of major adverse events. No reviewed literature or case reports have implicated phrenic nerve injury secondary to cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI).

OBSERVATIONS
A 45-year-old man with severe right C6 radiculopathy secondary to a large right-sided C5–6 herniated intervertebral disc presented to the pain management clinic, where he received a right-sided C6 CTFESI. An hour after injection, the patient experienced shortness of breath, which was found to be caused by right diaphragmatic paralysis. The patient underwent a C5–6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, which provided complete relief of his radicular symptoms. However, the right hemidiaphragmatic paralysis remained at the 1-year postoperative visit.

LESSONS
Thorough literature review showed no established explanations for phrenic nerve injury after CTFESI. In this study, the authors explored the suspected mechanisms of possible injury to the phrenic nerve. Epidural corticosteroid injection is considered to be a safe option for conservative management of cervical radiculopathy. This study unveiled a unique and important adverse event that should be considered before a patient receives CTFESI.
Delayed-onset white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of spinal ligaments: illustrative cases
Authors: Singh Ranjit D. , Arts Mark P. , de Ruiter Godard C. W. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
White cord syndrome is an extremely rare complication of cervical decompressive surgery, characterized by serious postoperative neurological deficits in the absence of apparent surgical complications. It is named after the characteristic ischemic-edematous intramedullary T2-hyperintense signal on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and is believed to be caused by ischemic-reperfusion injury. Neurological deficits typically manifest immediately after surgery, and delayed occurrence has been reported only once.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors presented two cases of delayed white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum, respectively. Neurological deficits manifested on postoperative day 2 (case 1) and day 8 (case 2). The patients’ conditions were managed with high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy, after which they showed partial neurological recovery at discharge, which improved further by the 3-month follow-up visit.

LESSONS
The authors’ aim was to raise awareness among spine surgeons about this rare but severe complication of cervical decompressive surgery and to emphasize the mainstays of treatment based on current best evidence: high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy.
Spontaneous regression and near disappearance of a calcified herniated thoracic disc in a 44-year-old male: illustrative case
Authors: Utter Andrew , Cavanaugh David , Van Schouwen Kelly F. , Mascagni Madison , Walker Madeline , Stone Marcus 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Herniation of an intervertebral disc (IVD) is found predominantly in the lumbar and cervical spine of both children and adults, but herniated IVDs of the thoracic spine are a rare occurrence. However, approximately 40% of herniated thoracic disc cases are calcified. Approximately 0.65% of all spinal herniations are calcified herniated thoracic discs (CHTDs). CHTDs can be treated conservatively or invasively, depending on the symptoms and degree of neurological deficit present.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report a 44-year-old male with near complete reabsorption and disappearance of a CHTD. A review of the available literature indicates that there are only seven adult patients in whom this phenomenon has been reported.

LESSONS
Determining the best form of invasive treatment is a challenge for surgeons given the complexity of this condition. While the disappearance of calcified herniated discs of the lumbar and cervical spine has been reported, reports of the regression of CHTDs are rare. The disappearance of CHTDs is more commonly reported in children who undergo conservative treatment, while surgery is reserved for children who experience progressive pain and neurological deficit. Given the success of conservative treatment of CHTDs in children, conservative treatment methods should be considered when treating mildly symptomatic adults.
Paroxysmal otalgia treated with microvascular decompression of the intermediate nerve: illustrative case
Authors: Witters Leonie , Lukes Anton , Menovsky Tomas 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Intermediate nerve neuralgia is a rare type of cranial neuralgia that causes clinical, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges. Studies have described pharmacological and surgical treatment options. Surgical treatment ranges from sectioning of neural structures to microvascular decompression. Given the rareness of the disease, there are no clear recommendations concerning treatment.

OBSERVATIONS
Reported is the case of a patient with typical intermediate nerve neuralgia. In this particular case, decision-making toward surgical decompression in an earlier stage of the disease could have been beneficial. The authors found excellent results using only microvascular decompression without sectioning of neural structures.

LESSONS
Knowledge of intermediate nerve anatomy is essential to understand this complex pain syndrome. This case illustrates that surgery should not only be regarded as a last resort in case of failure of conservative treatment but also should be considered early in the disease course, especially in the case of a clear neurovascular conflict. When no evident cause is found, surgery could be considered as an exploratory option to depict a neurovascular conflict intraoperatively. Microvascular decompression of the intermediate nerve without sectioning of neural structures can obtain excellent results. Since neural structures are saved, postoperative sequelae can be limited.
Pediatric multicompartmental trigeminal schwannoma: illustrative case
Authors: Landry Alexander P. , Ye Vincent C. , Vaughan Kerry A. , Drake James M. , Dirks Peter B. , Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Trigeminal schwannoma (TS) is an uncommon and histologically benign intracranial lesion that can involve any segment of the fifth cranial nerve. Given its often impressive size at diagnosis and frequent involvement of critical neurovascular structures of the skull base, it represents a challenging entity to treat. Pediatric TS is particularly rare and presents unique challenges. Similarly, tumors with extension into multiple compartments (e.g., middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa, extracranial spaces) are notoriously difficult to treat surgically. Combined or staged surgical approaches are typically required to address them, with radiosurgical treatment as an adjunct.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors presented the unusual case of a 9-year-old boy with a large, recurrent multicompartmental TS involving Meckel’s cave, the cerebellopontine angle, and the infratemporal fossa. Near-total resection was achieved using a frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic craniotomy with a combined interdural and extradural approach.

LESSONS
The case report adds to the current literature on multicompartmental TSs in children and their management. The authors also provided a simplified classification of TS that can be generalized to other skull base tumors. Given a lack of precedent, the authors intended to add to the discussion regarding surgical management of these rare and challenging skull base lesions.
Strategi Pendidikan Toleransi Beragama dan Implikasinya terhadap Keutuhan NKRI di Bangka Belitung
Authors: Suparta Suparta 
Published: May 2021

This article aims to review and describe the strategy of religious tolerance education and its impact on the integrity of the Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) in Bangka Belitung. In the Bangka Belitung Islands, the life of the people is very heterogeneous and has a high level of plurality. There are many portraits of the diversity of ethnicities, cultures, religions, ethnicities and languages ​​that are integrated into the social dynamics of the people in Bangka Belitung. Of course, this plurality has the potential to cause horizontal conflict in society. Therefore, to study and examine in depth this reality an in-depth interview technique is used to obtain clear information about the principles of religious tolerance from the perspective of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism. As a result, there are three educational strategies that can be developed by religious communities in Bangka Belitung; first, the strategy of educating the internal religious community; second, the strategy of educating people to maintain harmony between fellow religious communities; and third, the strategy of educating people to maintain harmony with the government.
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas dan memaparkan strategi pendidikan toleransi beragama dan dampaknya terhadap keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) di Bangka Belitung. Di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung kehidupan masyarakatnya sangat heterogen dan memiliki tingkat pluralitas yang tinggi. Ada banyak potret keragaman suku, budaya, agama, etnis, dan bahasa yang menyatu dalam dinamika sosial masyarakat di Bangka Belitung. Tentu, pluralitas tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan konflik horizontal di tengah masyarakat. Oleh karena itu untuk mengkaji dan menelaah secara mendalam realitas tersebut digunakan teknik wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan informasi yang jelas mengenai prinsip toleransi beragama dalam perspektif agama Islam, Kristen, Budha, Hindu, dan Konghucu. Hasilnya, ada tiga strategi pendidikan yang dapat dikembangkan oleh umat beragama yang ada di Bangka Belitung; pertama, strategi mendidik dalam internal umat beragama; kedua, strategi mendidik umat untuk menjaga kerukunan antara sesama umat beragama; dan ketiga, strategi mendidik umat untuk menjaga kerukuan dengan pemerintah.
Pemodelan Transpor Sedimen Pantai Kualo Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Besperi Besperi , Gunawan Gusta , Utari Tessa Dwi 
Published: May 2021

Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan salah satu daerah dengan pantai terpanjang di Indonesia. Secara umum keadaan pantai di Bengkulu telah banyak mengalami kerusakan berupa abrasi dan sedimentasi. Perubahan garis pantai disebabkan oleh faktor alam dan/atau faktor manusia. Secara geografis, Pantai Kualo terletak di bagian Barat Pulau Sumatera yang berhadapan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia. Ini berarti, seluruh tepian barat merupakan daerah laut lepas dengan sedikit pulau yang menghalanginya. Sehingga pada saat nantinya, pihak yang berwenang dapat mempertimbangkan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan dalam menjaga pesisir pantai di Pantai Kualo ini. Berdasarkan hal ini, penelitian tentang peramalan perubahan garis pantai di Pantai kualo Kota Bengkulu dalam jangka waktu tertentu perlu dilakukan . Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis besarnya transpor sedimen yang terjadi di Pantai Kualo Bengkulu dan memprediksi perubahan garis pantai dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun di Pantai Kualo Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghitung transpor sedimen yang masuk dan keluar pesisir pantai dengan membagi pantai menjadi 10 sel (pias) sepanjang pantai 500 m dengan panjang 50 m pada setiap sel (pias) ditambah satu pias sebagai titik acuan. Penelitian yang dilakukan menghasilkan besarnya transpor sedimen dan perubahan garis pantai.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM RAINWATER TANK DI PERUMAHAN CITRA INDAH BATAM CENTER
Authors: Saputra Ade Jaya , Fu Priscillia 
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan penduduk di kota Batam mengakibatkan peningkatan frekuensi terjadinya banjir yang terjadi terutama di Perumahan Citra Indah, Batam Center. Untuk mengatasi masalah yang timbul akibat peningkatan frekuensi terjadinya banjir, maka dilakukan analisis penerapan sistem rainwater tank pada kawasan perumahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan raintwater tank dan mengetahui jumlah air dan biaya yang dihemat dengan sistem rainwater tank untuk kawasan perumahan Citra Indah, Batam Center. Penelitian ini menganalisis kebutuhan tanki yang diperlukan untuk 4 tipe rumah di perumahan Citra Indah. Data perumahan diperoleh dari PT Bangun Arsikon Batindo dan data curah hujan dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Kota Batam. Metode perhitungan dengan menggunakan curah hujan andalan 80% berdasarkan curah hujan tahun 2010-2019 dan luas atap rumah sebagai luas penangkapan. Hasil analisa penerapan sistem rainwater tank di perumahan Citra Indah, untuk tipe rumah 120/162 membutuhkan tanki dengan volume 10,45 m3, tipe rumah 103/120 membutuhkan tanki dengan volume 9,72 m3, tipe rumah 78/105 membutuhkan tanki dengan volume 9,00 m3 dan tipe rumah 50/90 membutuhkan tanki dengan volume 8,79 m3. Penerapan sistem tersebut dapat menghemat penggunaan air sebesar 7,344 m3/bulan dan Rp 705.024/tahun.
Implementing Brown’s Teaching Principles on the Training of English for General Speaking Purpose for School Teachers and Staff
Authors: S Haryadi , Sumarni Baiq , Imansyah Imansyah , Hidayatullah Heri , Sandiarsa S K. Dedy 
Published: May 2021

This community service aims to help secondary school teachers to learn and improve their English, speaking skill in particular, The community service team will collaborate to conduct 20 class meetings at the respective school. The participants are all school teachers, headmaster, and appointed school staff. This paper informs the result of Brown’s Teaching Principles in improving speaking skill of school teachers and staff. There were 10 teachers involved, 7 males and 3 females. Their ages range between 24 to 30 years. The community service team employed observation to record participants’ progress. The result shows that before commencing the training, participants were mostly unable to make self-introduction, tell daily activities, show directions, and make general exchange. At the end of the program, the participants were able to speak in English in the area of making self-introduction, telling about their daily activities, and making general daily exchange. They were also capable of showing people direction and ask and answer Yes/No question. The speaking zone also developed from “in-classroom only area” to teachers’ room and was planned to expand into the whole area of the school. This policy will be made for teachers first. Students will be advised to use English at school at the initial stage. The school plan to implement English speaking policy for students soon in the right time in the near future.