bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of rosacea in Chinese: An analysis of 254 cases
Authors: Chang Jinxiu , Wang Yulan , Sun Dongjie , Zhang Liyuan , Man Mao‐Qiang , Tu Ying , Jiang Xin , He Li , Gu Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis with uncertainty of etiology. Although clinical features and risk factors of the disease in Caucasians have been reported, this information in Chinese is largely unavailable.AimsTo analyze the clinical features and associated risk factors of rosacea in Chinese.MethodsA questionnaire was given to outpatients with rosacea who visited the dermatology department of the first affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2018 to March 2019. Analyses included demographic characteristics of subjects, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of rosacea.ResultsA total of 254 outpatients completed the questionnaire. The ratio of female to male was 5.68:1.00. The mean age at onset was 31.18 ± 10.23 years. Erythematotelangiectatic subtype accounted for 51.60%, while 39% of the subjects were of papulopustular subtype. The rest were phymatous type (9.40%). Subjects with flushing, persistent facial erythema, and telangiectasia accounted for 91.73%, 90.55%, and 83.07%, respectively. One hundred and thirteen subjects (44.49%) had papules or pustules, and 24 subjects (9.40%) were with phymatous changes. The most commonly involved sites were the cheeks (93.31%), followed by the nose (82.68%), the perioral area (61.42%), and the forehead (51.97%). The clinical symptoms included burning (93.70%), dryness (90.55%), and itching (75.59%). The main risk factors were sun exposure (90.94%), temperature change (87.40%), etc. Fifty‐one (20.08%) patients had comorbidities.ConclusionsRosacea mainly affects young females. The common signs and symptoms include flushing, persistent facial erythema, and burning. Sun exposure and temperature changes are the common risk factors. Patients can have comorbidities of systemic disorders.
Prevalence of acne vulgaris and its clinico‐epidemiological pattern in adult patients: Results of a prospective, observational study
Authors: Shah Nidhi , Shukla Ratnakar , Chaudhari Parag , Patil Sharmila , Patil Anant , Nadkarni Nitin , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a common disorder in adolescents. The prevalence of acne in adults is also increasing. There are only a few Indian studies on the prevalence and clinical features of adult acne.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence and possible etiological and aggravating factors of acne in adult population.MethodsAdult patients more than 25 years with acne were enrolled, and detailed history and examination were recorded. Type of acne, age, gender, area of involvement, and associated factors were noted.ResultsOut of 24,056 adult patients, 180 had acne, with the prevalence of 0.74%. Mean age of patients with acne was 30.1 years. A total of 81.7% patients with acne were female and 68.3% had persistent type of acne. Inflammatory papular acne (72.8%) was the most common type of acne in our study population. Cheek (85%) was the predominant site of involvement; 62.8% patients developed scarring. Underlying chronic stress was present in 23.9% and family history of acne in 60.6%. A total of 43.5% patients reported aggravation with cosmetics and 42.8% provided history of oily and high glycemic food conduction. Premenstrual flare and hirsutism were seen in 61.9% and 16.3% female patients, respectively.ConclusionAcne is more common in people with 25–35 years of age with female preponderance and a gradual decline in the prevalence is seen thereafter. Inflammatory nature is more common with cheeks being commonest site of affection. Facial scarring is more common that emphasizes the importance of early and adequate intervention.
Alterations in symptoms and health‐related quality of life as kidney function deteriorates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yapa Harith Eranga , Purtell Louise , Chambers Shirley , Bonner Ann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare symptoms and health‐related quality of life and to examine the relationship between these as kidney function deteriorates.BackgroundChronic kidney disease is a global health problem, and while knowledge of symptom burden and health‐related quality of life is understood in kidney failure (previously end‐stage kidney disease), there is limited understanding about symptoms and health‐related quality of life across the chronic kidney disease trajectory.DesignCross‐sectional design reported using the STROBE guidelines.MethodsEight hundred eighty‐six adults with varying levels of kidney function (chronic kidney disease grades 3b–5 including those receiving dialysis) completed the renal version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale and the Quality of Life Short Form‐36 version 2. Socio‐demographic and renal characteristics were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 57 years and were mostly male. Regardless of chronic kidney disease grade, pain, poor mobility, weakness, anxiety and depression were the most prevalent and severe symptoms reported. Health‐related quality of life was significantly associated with physical and psychological symptom scores. As kidney function deteriorated, both physical and mental health‐related quality of life decreased, and prevalence and severity of symptoms increased.ConclusionsThere is substantial symptom burden irrespective of chronic kidney disease grade, which overwhelmingly affects health‐related quality of life. Early identification by nurses would enable proactive management plans to be implemented.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses, whether in specialist renal services or in primary healthcare, are ideally placed to regularly assess symptoms and health‐related quality of life in those with chronic kidney disease. Timely assessment could assist in the targeting of earlier interventions designed to reduce symptom burden and to increase health‐related quality of life.
Life satisfaction and emotional distress in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The mediating effect of cognitive function
Authors: Lee Li‐Yen , Hsieh Chia‐Jung , Lin Ya‐Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the relationships among emotional distress, cognitive function and life satisfaction in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to verify the mediating role of cognitive function.BackgroundPeople with T2DM face cognitive decline caused by age and disease complications. Emotional distress will reduce their life satisfaction, and cognitive function will also affect the life satisfaction, but whether cognitive function mediates the effect of emotional distress on life satisfaction has not been verified.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 200 people living with T2DM in the community by convenience sampling were enrolled from November–December 2018. Data collection involved a demographic and disease characteristic questionnaire, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Function Evaluation and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. This report followed the STROBE guideline.ResultsThe emotional distress and subjective memory complaints of cognitive function had a significant positive correlation, while both emotional distress and cognitive function showed significant negative correlations with life satisfaction. In addition, cognitive function completely mediated the relationship between emotional distress and life satisfaction.ConclusionThe cognitive function played a mediating role in life satisfaction and explains how emotional distress affects life satisfaction of people with T2DM. Therefore, it is suggested that diabetes nurses should early identify the decline of cognitive function, and to intervene at an early stage.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides opinions on the mediating factors of cognitive function. Coping strategies and supporting resources to help the T2DM people to improve their life satisfaction are suggested.
Understanding the Needs of Ontario Educators in Supporting Students With Acquired Brain Injury in the Classroom
Authors: Stevens Sara A. , Provvidenza Christine , Zheng Sally , Agnihotri Sabrina , Hunt Anne , Scratch Shannon E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen a child sustains an acquired brain injury (ABI), the impact extends to significant environments in their life, including school. Educator knowledge of ABI can influence a child's success with academic and social reintegration. An assessment of educator ABI knowledge was conducted to determine what information they require to support school reintegration.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach included a sampling of educators in a needs assessment survey and workshop. The survey determined levels of educator knowledge regarding ABI in the classroom, and the workshop scoped educator views in the development of a user‐driven ABI learning program to enrich their expertise.ResultsOur sample reported being somewhat knowledgeable about ABI and the impact on students. There were no differences based on respondents' educational role. Teachers reported having minimal and inadequate supports for students following ABI during school transitions, feeling unprepared to assist students during these transitions, and that families also appeared unprepared for school reintegration following ABI. The workshop identified the need for a 2‐part educational course.ConclusionsSupportive school environments are essential for the reintegration of students following ABI. This study identified educators' needs for ABI knowledge and resources to support their existing expertise.
Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta
Authors: Barcytė Dovilė , Eikrem Wenche , Engesmo Anette , Seoane Sergio , Wohlmann Jens , Horák Aleš , Yurchenko Tatiana , Eliáš Marek 
Published: March 2021

The phylogenetic diversity of Ochrophyta, a diverse and ecologically important radiation of algae, is still incompletely understood even at the level of the principal lineages. One taxon that has eluded simple classification is the marine flagellate genus Olisthodiscus. We investigated Olisthodiscus luteus K‐0444 and documented its morphological and genetic differences from the NIES‐15 strain, which we described as Olisthodiscus tomasii sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined 18S and 28S rRNA sequences confirmed that Olisthodiscus constitutes a separate, deep, ochrophyte lineage, but its position could not be resolved. To overcome this problem, we sequenced the plastid genome of O. luteus K‐0444 and used the new data in multigene phylogenetic analyses, which suggested that Olisthodiscus is a sister lineage of the class Pinguiophyceae within a broader clade additionally including Chrysophyceae, Synchromophyceae, and Eustigmatophyceae. Surprisingly, the Olisthodiscus plastid genome contained three genes, ycf80, cysT, and cysW, inherited from the rhodophyte ancestor of the ochrophyte plastid yet lost from all other ochrophyte groups studied so far. Combined with nuclear genes for CysA and Sbp proteins, Olisthodiscus is the only known ochrophyte possessing a plastidial sulfate transporter SulT. In addition, the finding of a cemA gene in the Olisthodiscus plastid genome and an updated phylogenetic analysis ruled out the previously proposed hypothesis invoking horizontal cemA transfer from a green algal plastid into Synurales. Altogether, Olisthodiscus clearly represents a novel phylogenetically distinct ochrophyte lineage, which we have proposed as a new class, Olisthodiscophyceae.
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in neonatal foals and mares at a referral hospital
Authors: Weese Jeffrey Scott , Slovis Nathan , Rousseau Joyce 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile is important for the development and assessment of infection prevention and control practices, as well as surveillance methods and interpretation of diagnostic testing results.ObjectiveOur objective was to longitudinally evaluate C. difficile shedding in neonatal foals and mares admitted to a referral hospital neonatal intensive care unit.AnimalsFoals admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, along with their dams.MethodsRectal swabs were collected from mares and foals at admission, and then approximately every 3 days, when possible. Selective culture for C. difficile was performed and isolates were characterized by toxin gene PCR and ribotyping.ResultsClostridium difficile was isolated from 103/409 (25%) samples; 65/208 (31%) from foals and 38/201 (19%) from mares. Cumulatively, C. difficile was isolated from at least 1 sample from 50/113 (44%) foals and 30/97 (31%) mares. No association was found between hospitalization day and isolation of C. difficile (P = .13). Twenty‐three different ribotypes were identified, with ribotype 078 predominating. Fifteen foals had 2 positive samples during hospitalization. In only 6/15 (40%) foals was the same strain identified both times (5 ribotype 078 and 1 ribotype 012).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClostridium difficile is an important pathogen in adult horses and foals, and our findings highlight the complexity surrounding the epidemiology of this opportunistic pathogen. It can be found commonly, transiently, and cluster within a facility in the absence of identifiable disease occurrences or clusters.
Factors associated with treatment failure of direct‐acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C: A real‐world nationwide hepatitis C virus registry programme in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chi‐Yi , Huang Chung‐Feng , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Tseng Kuo‐Chih , Lo Ching‐Chu , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Tai Chi‐Ming , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Bair Ming‐Jong , Chen Chien‐Hung , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Lin Chih‐Lang , Lin Chun‐Yen , Lee Pei‐Lun , Chong Lee‐Won , Hung Chao‐Hung , Huang Jee‐Fu , Yang Chi‐Chieh , Hu Jui‐Ting , Lin Chih‐Wen , Chen Chun‐Ting , Wang Chia‐Chi , Su Wei‐Wen , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Lin Chih‐Lin , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Lee Tzong‐Hsi , Chen Guei‐Ying , Wang Szu‐Jen , Chang Chun‐Chao , Mo Lein‐Ray , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Wu Wen‐Chih , Huang Chia‐Sheng , Hsiung Chou‐Kwok , Kao Chien‐Neng , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Liu Chen‐Hua , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Liu Chun‐Jen , Dai Chia‐Yen , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chuang Wan‐Long , Lin Han‐Chieh , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/aimsDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients. The real‐world treatment outcome in Taiwanese patients on a nationwide basis is elusive.MethodsThe Taiwan HCV Registry (TACR) programme is a nationwide registry platform including 48 study sites, which is organized and supervised by the Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR12, undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after end‐of‐treatment).ResultsA total of 13 951 registered patients with SVR12 data available were analysed (mean age, 63.0 years; female, 55.9%; HCV genotype‐1 [GT1], 57.9%; cirrhosis, 38.4%; preexisting hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 10.6%; and hepatitis B virus coinfection, 7.7%). The overall SVR12 rate was 98.3%, with 98.7%, 98.0%, 98.4% and 97.4% in treatment‐naïve noncirrhotic, treatment‐naïve cirrhotic, treatment‐experienced noncirrhotic and treatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients, respectively. The SVR12 rate was > 95% across all subgroups except treatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients who received sofosbuvir/ribavirin (88.7%), treatment‐naïve noncirrhotic patients (94.8%) and treatment‐experienced cirrhotic (94.8%) patients who received daclatasvir/asunaprevir. The most important factor associated with treatment failure was DAA adherence < 60% ( adjusted odds ratio [aOR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 117.1/52.4‐261.3, P < .001), followed by GT3/GT2 (aOR/CI: 5.78/2.25‐14.9, P = .0003 and aOR/CI: 1.55/1.05‐2.29, P = .03, compared with GT1), active hepatocellular carcinoma (aOR/CI: 4.29/2.57‐7.16, P < .001), the use of sofosbuvir/ribavirin (aOR/CI: 2.51/1.67‐3.77, P < .001) and daclatasvir/asunaprevir (aOR/CI: 3.29/1.94‐5.58, P < .001), decompensated liver cirrhosis (aOR/CI: 2.50/1.20‐5.22, P = .02) and high HCV viral loads (aOR/CI: 2.16/1.57‐2.97, P < .001).ConclusionsDAAs are highly effective in treating Taiwanese HCV patients in the real‐world setting. Maintaining DAA adherence and selecting highly efficacious regimens are keys to ensure treatment success.
Antiviral prophylaxis against hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation: Current concepts
Authors: Orfanidou Afroditi , Papatheodoridis George V. , Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe advance in treatment against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with the development of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) with high genetic barrier to resistance, including entecavir and tenofovir, has improved clinical outcomes of patients transplanted for HBV infection, by preventing HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) effectively. Currently, after LT, the combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and a high‐barrier NA is considered as the standard of care for prophylaxis against HBV recurrence. However, because of the high cost of intravenous high‐dose HBIG, other routes of HBIG administration, such as intramuscular or subcutaneous, have come to the foreground. In addition, several transplant centres tend to use a NA as monoprophylaxis, following a short post‐LT period of HBIG and NA combination. Lately, studies using HBIG‐free prophylactic regimens with entecavir or tenofovir have shown promising outcomes in preventing HBV recurrence, mostly regarding patients with undetectable HBV DNA at the time of LT. Although vaccination against HBV has been an attractive prophylactic approach, its efficacy has been controversial. Moreover, further studies are needed regarding long‐term outcomes of complete withdrawal anti‐HBV prophylaxis. For patients transplanted for HBV/HDV co‐infection, combined regimen should be administered for a longer period post‐LT. Finally, the use of grafts from hepatitis B core antibody‐positive donors is safe for HBV‐negative recipients, with the administration of lifelong antiviral prophylaxis.
Size‐matching as an important driver of plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Naghiloo S. , Nikzat‐Siahkolaee S. , Esmaillou Z. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges in ecology is to understand and predict the functional outcome of interaction networks. Size‐matching between plants and pollinators is one of the key functional traits expected to play a major role in structuring plant–pollinator interactions. However, the community‐wide patterns of size‐matching remain largely unexplored.

We studied the association between the degree of size‐matching and foraging efficiency, pollination efficiency and the probability of pairwise interactions in a community of Lamiaceae.

Our study revealed that foraging efficiency is maximal when bee proboscis length corresponds to the corolla tube depth of the flower visited. Pollination efficiency was maximal when the bee body height corresponds to the corolla width of the flower visited. While the degree of size‐matching did not influence the probability of interaction, it significantly influenced the strength of the interaction in terms of visitation frequency.

We suggest a size‐matching index as a reliable metric to predict the frequency of interactions as well as the effectiveness of visits in terms of foraging efficiency and pollination efficiency.
Effect of sedentary behavior interventions on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Chen , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Sheridan Sinead , Ho Robin Sze‐Tak , Sit Cindy Hui‐Ping , Huang Yu , Wong Stephen Heung‐Sang 
Published: March 2021

Sedentary behavior (SB) results in hemodynamic alterations within the vasculature, leading to vascular dysfunction that may be attenuated by various interventions. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effect of SB interventions on vascular function in adults using seven databases searched on December 17, 2020. All types of SB interventions were included such as short‐ and long‐term interventions (≥7 days) in participants aged ≥18 years. The pooled effect (mean difference) of intervention on three outcomes, namely, flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), shear rate (SR), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), was evaluated using random effects meta‐analyses. The revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. Twenty‐six studies (21 short‐term and six long‐term interventions) involving 669 participants from eight countries were included. Evidence from meta‐analysis showed that short‐term interventions targeting SB improved FMD by 1.50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.99) and increased SR by 12.70 S−1 (95% CI 7.86–17.54); no significant pooled effect was found for PWV. Long‐term SB interventions resulted in a 0.93% increase in FMD (95% CI 0.25–1.62) and had no significant effect on PWV. Findings of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that both short‐ and long‐term SB interventions improved FMD but had no effect on PWV. Short‐term interventions had a greater effect in improving lower extremity arterial function. Further studies targeting long‐term SB interventions on vascular function in adults are warranted.
An improved direct shear characterisation technique for soft gelatinous and elastomeric materials
Authors: Millar David , Mennu Matlock , Upadhyay Kshitiz , Morley Cameron , Ifju Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoft materials such as hydrogels and elastomers exhibit very low stiffness and strength as well as large deformations, which makes their mechanical characterisation extremely difficult through conventional methods. This paper presents a novel experimental technique for the mechanical shear property characterisation of these materials. Agarose hydrogels were chosen as a model material for this study. The new in‐plane shear test method incorporates 3‐D‐printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) grips for specimen mounting and digital image correlation (DIC) for full‐field strain measurement on both sides of the specimen gauge section. These grips utilise barb‐like pegs to secure the specimen while load is applied. In order to evaluate the methodology, four concentrations of agarose hydrogel (4.0%, 2.5%, 1.5%, and 0.5% wt./solvent volume) were tested. Results for the agarose hydrogel demonstrated excellent repeatability. The obtained shear moduli show a monotonic increase with gel concentration. Furthermore, the range of shear moduli applicable to the novel testing method was determined.
Judge not? The pedagogical puzzle of right interpretation and wrong interpretation
Authors: Esterson Rebecca K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen studying the reception history of the Bible, should students be asked to suspend judgment on a particular interpretation for the sake of the pedagogical goals of the course? Or is their judgment essential to the process of learning and understanding? This essay explores the pedagogical puzzle of right interpretation and wrong interpretation through the context of my classroom, where neither the troubling events of a nation in turmoil nor our own social, religious, and cultural locations as readers could be bracketed from the learning environment, despite my best efforts. In particular, this essay integrates the approach outlined by Gary Weissman, who argues for an embrace of student misreading in his book The Writer in the Well. His suggestion that misreading and rewriting are fundamental to the process of understanding is provocative, and its application to biblical studies presents special challenges, but this paper argues for its relevance to the pedagogical puzzle at hand.