bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variability of the atrioventricular valve cusps in the equine heart
Authors: De Silva Margherita , Tagliavia Claudio , Galiazzo Giorgia , Gifuni Giovanni , Caiazza Michele , Chiocchetti Roberto , Grandis Annamaria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe morphometric studies of the atrioventricular valves are still limited in the horse.ObjectivesTo investigate the anatomy of the atrioventricular valves in the horse, focusing on the morphometric features of the valvular leaflets and the tendinous cords. We hypothesised that accessory leaflets occur commonly and exist as independent structures in the atrioventricular valves of the horse.Study designDescriptive anatomical study.MethodsTwenty normal hearts from slaughtered half‐bred horses were used. The cardiac weight and circumference were recorded. The atrioventricular valves were exposed by excision of the atria, and the tricuspid and mitral annular diameters and circumferences were measured; the number of leaflets and tendinous cords for each atrioventricular ostium were then counted. The atrioventricular valves were isolated and the width, height and thickness of each leaflet were measured.ResultsIn addition to the principal leaflets, accessory leaflets were identified in 39 of 40 cardiac valves, 2 to 6 accessory leaflets for the mitral valve and 1 to 4 for the tricuspid valve. All the accessory leaflets were separated from the adjacent leaflets at their insertion. They were narrower and thinner than the principal leaflets, and were attached to a single papillary muscle; 95% of the accessory leaflets had two tendinous cords shared with the adjacent leaflets while a minority (34%) had their own specific tendinous cord.Main limitationsLack of signalment data from the study population.ConclusionsSupernumerary leaflets occurred commonly in the atrioventricular valves of the horse and appeared as independent structures. The clinical relevance of increased numbers of commissures that result from accessory leaflets and their relationship with valvular regurgitation are currently unknown.
Knowledge representation and acquisition using R‐numbers Petri nets considering conflict opinions
Authors: Mou Xun , Zhang Qi‐Zhen , Liu Hu‐Chen , Zhao Jianshen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs a vital modelling technique, fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs) have been widely used in various areas for knowledge representation and reasoning. However, the conventional FPNs have many deficiencies in representing inaccurate knowledge, acquiring knowledge parameters and conducting approximate reasoning when used in the real world. In this article, a new version of FPNs, called R‐numbers Petri nets (RPNs), is proposed to overcome the shortcomings and enhance the effectiveness of FPNs. Based on R‐numbers, expert knowledge is depicted in the form of weighted R‐numbers production rules. The interrelationships among input places (or transitions) are modelled by the R‐numbers Maclaurin symmetric mean operator in the knowledge reasoning process. In addition, the conflict opinions of experts are handled with the proposed RPN model in order to obtain more precise knowledge parameters. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed RPNs are illustrated by a realistic example concerning reliability analysis of an electric vehicle motor.
Development of some techniques for solving system of linear and nonlinear equations via hybrid algorithm
Authors: Kumar Nirmal , Shaikh Ali Akbar , Mahato Sanat Kumar , Bhunia Asoke Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to introduce several new methods or techniques for solving simultaneous linear and nonlinear system of equations with the help of a new hybrid algorithm based on advanced quantum behaved particle swarm optimization and the concept of binary tournamenting process. Depending on different options of binary tournamenting, six different variants of hybrid algorithms are proposed. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithms five well known benchmark bound‐constrained optimization problems are solved. Among the six different variants of hybrid algorithms, the best algorithm is selected on the basis of their performances in these problems. This best algorithm is then applied in solving simultaneous linear and nonlinear system of equations transforming these equations into optimization problems. In case of linear system, just two systems are solved while in case of nonlinear system seven complicated problems are solved and finally a comparison of best found solutions are estimated with the same of existing algorithms provided in the literature.
Classification of Parkinson disease using binary Rao optimization algorithms
Authors: Sharma Suvita Rani , Singh Birmohan , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRao algorithms are recently proposed optimization algorithms used to solve optimization problems. These algorithms are based on the best and the worst solutions, which are computed during the optimization process. However, these algorithms apply to continuous problems only. In this article, the binary versions of Rao algorithms are proposed, which can be used for solving feature selection problems. These are applied to four publicly available Parkinson's disease datasets. Besides providing an optimal set of features, the k parameter of the k‐nearest neighbour classifier is also optimized by the proposed approach. The performance of these algorithms has been measured taking an average of 30 independent runs using a 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure. Also, a comparison of the performance has been made with the other state of the art methods. Significance analysis of these algorithms has been made with the Friedman rank test.
Project performance prediction model linking agility and flexibility demands to project type
Authors: de Oliveira Marco Aurélio , Dalla Valentina Luiz V. O. , Futami André Hideto , Possamai Osmar , Flesch Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is the development of a performance prediction model of projects, considering the influence of the leadership style and organizational factors on the agility and flexibility of the organization. The motivation of this work is the absence in the literature of a model to establish the relationship among leadership and agility factors, by means of the integration of prediction and sensitivity analysis capacities. The originality of this work lies on the presentation of a general model integrating both capacities, dedicated to the analysis of different kind of projects. The first part of the study deals with a literature review regarding the components of leadership, organizational structure, agility, flexibility and organizational factors and the intrinsic relationship among them. This information is the basis of the framework of this study that serves for the construction of the model. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and statistical tools are used for modeling purposes. From the model application, it is possible to identify under which conditions of leadership style and organizational factors there are the highest chances of high project performances. The main results are the characterization of agility and flexibility demands for each type of project, the understanding of how leadership affects agility and flexibility, and the impacts on the project performance.
Cormorant predation effects on fish populations: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Ovegård Maria K. , Jepsen Niels , Bergenius Nord Mikaela , Petersson Erik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper provides the results from the first meta‐analysis to examine the impact of cormorant (Phalacrocoracidae) predation on fish. It is based on a systematic search of literature, covering studies using significance‐based hypotheses tests on the relation between fish parameters and cormorant abundance. The results show that extensive research on cormorant diet exists, but few studies use statistical hypotheses testing to examine the effect on fish populations. In total, 603 publications were identified from titles and abstracts, to include the interaction between cormorants and fish. From these, 27 articles tested fish population parameters against cormorant predation, whereof 22 could be included in analyses. The effect size was defined negative in cases when cormorant numbers or presence reduced fish numbers or biomasses, or when individual fish sizes decreased, and vice versa for a positive effect. In a hierarchical dependence model, the combined effect of cormorant predation on fish was negative, but the overall effect was not significant at the 95% confidence level (−0.169, 95% C.L. −0.505 to 0.167, p = .256, df = 5.26). A covariate analysis revealed a difference in predatory effects between fish prey taxa (p = .006, df = 5.73), but no difference in effect sizes between study type, foraging habitat, or response variable measured. The meta‐analysis reveals a complex interaction between cormorants and fish, but adds to the consensus on the importance of considering cormorant predatory effects in research, conservation actions, ecosystem‐based management, and environmental monitoring.
Cold offshore area provides a favorable feeding ground with lipid‐rich foods for juvenile Japanese sardine
Authors: Yasuda Tohya , Kitajima Satoshi , Hayashi Akira , Takahashi Motomitsu , Fukuwaka Masa‐aki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJapanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Sea of Japan expanded their distribution from the coast to offshore with an increase in population biomass; however, little is known about the suitability of the offshore habitat for this species. Using lipid analysis, this study compared the body condition of juvenile sardine between an area off the Noto Peninsula (offshore) and the Tsushima Strait (coast), with respect to habitat conditions during the summer, from 2015 to 2017. Sardine in the offshore area had larger bodies and higher lipid contents than those in the coastal area. Regarding the sardine diet, lipid content of the offshore zooplankton was clearly higher than that of the coastal zooplankton. Hence, we found a positive effect of this dietary lipid content on sardine lipid content, suggesting that these lipid measurements could explain the trophic relationship between sardine and zooplankton. The higher lipid content in offshore zooplankton was mainly attributed to the abundance of large‐sized copepods and lower water temperatures. Such lipid measurements might involve habitat‐specific characteristics of zooplankton assemblage. In conclusion, compared to the coastal area, the offshore area is considered a more favorable habitat for the sardine in terms of lipid availability.
Acquired haemophilia A in the postpartum and risk of relapse in subsequent pregnancies: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dewarrat Natacha , Gavillet Mathilde , Angelillo‐Scherrer Anne , Naveiras Olaia , Grandoni Francesco , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. , Alberio Lorenzo , Blum Sabine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbout 1%–5% of acquired haemophilia A cases affect mothers in the postpartum setting.AimsThis study delineates the characteristics of this disease, specific to the postpartum setting, notably relapse in subsequent pregnancies.MethodsReport of two cases and literature study (1946–2019), yielding 73 articles describing 174 cases (total 176 cases).ResultsPatients were aged 29.9 years (17–41) and 69% primigravidae. Diagnosis was made at a median of 60 days after delivery (range 0–308). Bleeding types were obstetrical (43.4%), cutaneous (41.3%), and muscular (36.7%). In >90% of the cases, FVIII at diagnosis was <1% (range 0%–8%). FVIII inhibitor was documented in 75.4% cases (median titre of 20 BU/ml, range 1–621). Haemostatic treatment was necessary in 57.1% using fresh frozen plasma (16%), factor concentrate (27.6%) and/or bypassing agents (37.4%). Immunosuppressive treatment was administered in 90.8%, mostly steroids (85.3%), alone or combined with immunosuppressants (27%). Rituximab was used mostly as a second line treatment. Only 24 patients (13.6%) had documented subsequent pregnancies and 6 (22.2%) suffered haemophilia recurrence during pregnancy.ConclusionThis study allows better definition of: (1) clinical and laboratory characteristics of postpartum acquired haemophilia, (2) response to therapy, and (3) the risk of relapse for subsequent pregnancies.
Efficacy and safety of a recombinant Von Willebrand Factor treatment in patients with inherited Von Willebrand Disease requiring surgical procedures
Authors: Desprez Dominique , Drillaud Nicolas , Flaujac Claire , Volot Fabienne , Pan‐Petesch Brigitte , Beurrier Philippe , Cussac Vincent , Feugeas Olivier , Pailler Yoann , Callegarin Anamaria , Trossaërt Marc , de Raucourt Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionVon Willebrand Disease is a common inherited haemorrhagic disorder due to a deficiency of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF). In case of surgical procedures in patients who are not responsive or have contraindications to desmopressin, replacement therapy with VWF concentrates is indicated. Until recently, only plasma‐derived VWF concentrates were available. A new recombinant VWF (rVWF) concentrate that contains no Factor VIII (FVIII) but a high amount of high molecular weight VWF multimers has been available in France since 2018.AimDescribe real‐world experience of using rVWF in surgical procedures.MethodsSixty‐three surgeries for 55 patients were retrospectively analysed in 7 French haemostasis centres.ResultsDuring minor surgeries, the median (range) number of infusions was 1 (1–8) with a preoperative loading dose of 35 (19–56) rVWF IU/kg and a total median dose of 37.5 IU (12–288). During major surgeries, the median (range) number of infusions was only 3 (1–14) with a median preoperative loading dose of 36 IU (12–51) rVWF IU/kg, and a total median dose of 108 IU (22–340) rVWF IU/kg. The overall clinical efficacy was qualified as excellent/good in 61 of the procedures (97%), moderate in 1 (1.5%) and poor in 1 (1.5%). There was no accumulation of VWF or FVIII during postoperative monitoring. No thromboembolic events, anti‐VWF antibodies or adverse events were reported.ConclusionThis French ‘real‐world’ experience shows that a few infusions and low doses of rVWF provided effective prevention of bleeding in major and minor surgeries in inherited VWD, with no clinically significant safety concerns.
Haemophilia early arthropathy detection with ultrasound and haemophilia joint health score in the moderate haemophilia (MoHem) study
Authors: Måseide Ragnhild J. , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan , Hansen Jessica , Olsson Anna , Bruzelius Maria , Frisk Tony , Aspdahl Magnus , Nummi Vuokko , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Holme Pål A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDetection of early arthropathy is crucial for the management of haemophilia, but data on moderate haemophilia are limited. Therefore, we evaluated joint health and treatment modalities in Nordic patients with moderate haemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB).AimTo explore and compare the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD‐US) and Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) to detect early arthropathy in moderate haemophilia.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicentre study covering Nordic patients with MHA and MHB. Arthropathy was evaluated by HEAD‐US and HJHS 2.1.ResultsWe assessed 693 joints in 118 patients. HEAD‐US scores (medians [interquartile ranges]) were as follows: elbows 0 points (0–0), knees 0 (0–0) and ankles 0 (0–1). Respectively, by HJHS: elbows 0 (0–1), knees 0 (0–1) and ankles 0 (0–1). Cartilage (14%) and bone (13%) were most commonly affected by HEAD‐US. Frequent HJHS findings were crepitus on motion in knees (39%), and loss of flexion (23%) and extension (13%) in ankles. HEAD‐US correlated strongly with HJHS (elbows r = .70, knees r = .60 and ankles r = .65), but 24% had discordant scores. Joints with HJHS zero points, 5% captured HEAD‐US ≥1 point. Moreover, 26% had HJHS findings without HEAD‐US pathology. Notably, 31% of knees had crepitus on motion and normal HEAD‐US.ConclusionOverall, the joints attained low scores implying good joint health. HEAD‐US correlated strongly with HJHS. In 5%, HEAD‐US detected subclinical pathology. Crepitus on motion was frequently reported despite normal HEAD‐US, thus not necessarily reflecting arthropathy. HEAD‐US therefore improves the joint assessment in moderate haemophilia.
Exploratory in vitro evaluation of thrombin generation of eptacog beta (recombinant human fviia) and emicizumab in congenital haemophilia A plasma
Authors: Grandoni Jerry , Duretz Véronique , Bonzo Daniel , Evans Sean , Plantier Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimEptacog beta is a recombinant activated human factor VII approved to treat and control bleeding in haemophilia A and B patients with inhibitors. Emicizumab is a factor VIIIa mimetic antibody approved for prophylactic treatment of haemophilia A with and without inhibitors (HAI and HA, respectively). Inhibitor patients treated with emicizumab should expect breakthrough bleeding that requires bypassing agent treatment to restore haemostasis. The aim of this study is to quantify the in vitro thrombin generation induced by the addition of eptacog beta to HAI and HA plasma containing emicizumab.MethodsThrombin generation assays were performed using HAI and HA plasma. Thrombin generation parameters were examined using a fixed effects model with inhibitor titre, eptacog beta concentration and emicizumab concentration as main effects, and eptacog beta concentration with inhibitor and emicizumab concentration with inhibitor as interaction effects.ResultsA significant increase in peak thrombin, ETP and velocity was observed when combinations of eptacog beta (0, 1, 2 or 5 µg/ml) and emicizumab (0, 50 or 100 µg/ml) were evaluated in HA and HAI plasma; the effect remained below that observed in Normal Plasma (NP). A small shortening of lag time below that of NP was observed.ConclusionsEptacog beta and emicizumab induced thrombin generation in haemophilia A plasma (with and without inhibitors) with the thrombin generation parameters remaining below those of normal plasma. These data provide in vitro proof of concept supporting the concept of use of eptacog beta for the treatment and control of breakthrough bleeding in patients on emicizumab prophylaxis.
Knowledge sharing to support long‐term condition self‐management—Patient and health‐care professional perspectives
Authors: Brand Sarah , Timmons Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased self‐management is a suggested solution to the burden on health‐care services of long‐term conditions (LTCs). This requires effective sharing of knowledge between health‐care professionals and patients, and is an underexplored area.ObjectiveTo understand how patients and health‐care professionals (HCPs) share and utilize knowledge in the social context of health‐care interactions within long‐term condition management.MethodsThematic analysis of 93 hours of observations of health‐care interactions and 33 semi‐structured interviews involving patients, carers and HCPs.Results3 themes were identified: normative social roles, differing professional roles and the value of knowledge. Knowledge sharing was a complex process heavily influenced by social and cultural norms within the health‐care context. Not all knowledge was easily shared within routine health‐care interactions.DiscussionThe social context in which health‐care is practised influences what knowledge is shared and how this is achieved. It favours sharing of clinical knowledge from HCPs to patients and disadvantages patients in their ability to share their unique knowledge based on lived experience of illness. The opportunities for patients to be supported in their knowledge, skills and confidence within routine health‐care interactions are limited.ConclusionBoth patients and HCPs need support to recognize the characteristics of the social context of health care and their understandings of their roles within this in order for them to move beyond accepted behaviours to develop more effective partnership working.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in initial design of the study, particularly ethics of ethnographic observation.
A laboratory study of the scouting ability of two reciprocating glide path instruments in mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars
Authors: Pereira R. P. , Alcalde M. P. , Duarte M. A. H. , Vivan R. R. , Bueno C. E. S. , Duque J. A. , Calefi P. H. S. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate in a laboratory setting the performance of two reciprocating glide path systems, WaveOne Gold Glider (WO) and R‐Pilot (RP), to create a glide path in mesial root canals of mandibular molars and to assess the torsional resistance of instruments after performing the glide path.MethodologyA total of 60 mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars were divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the glide path system to be used. The data from the volume of each canal, acquired by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), were validated statistically for the anatomical pairing of the groups. Preparation time, frequency in gaining apical patency, plastic deformation rate of instruments, and canal transportation and centring ability were recorded and compared statistically. The torsional fatigue of the instruments after use was also evaluated. Data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U‐test with a 5% significance level.ResultsNo significant differences were found between groups regarding the time required to perform the glide path, the frequency distributions of the canals classified as patent and the instruments with plastic deformation after use (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups regarding the degree of canal transportation and centring ability at the cervical, middle and apical thirds (P > 0.05). The RP groups had significantly greater maximum torsional strength values compared with the WO groups (P < 0.05). The used WO group had greater angular deflection to fracture when compared to the new WO group (P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in the percentage of loss of angular deflection in a comparison of the WO group with the RP group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe WO and RP instruments performed the same in terms of preparation time, plastic deformation, gaining apical patency, degree of canal transportation and centring ability. The RP instruments had greater torsional strength, less angular deflection and lower percentage of loss in angular deflection than the WO. The used WO group had the greatest angular deflection values.