bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Control Study on the Value of the Ultrasound Grayscale Ratio for the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Micropapillary Carcinoma and Micronodular Goiter in Two Medical Centers
Authors: Han Zhijiang , Feng Na , Lu Yidan , Li Mingkui , Wei Peiying , Yao Jincao , Zhu Qiaodan , Lei Zhikai , Xu Dong 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of ultrasound gray-scale ratio (UGSR) for the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and micronodular goiter (MNG) in two medical centers.MethodsUltrasound images of 881 PTMCs from 785 patients and 744 MNGs from 687 patients in center A were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 243 PTMCs from 203 patients and 251 MNGs from 198 patients in center B. All cases were confirmed by surgery and histology. The grayscale values of thyroid lesions and surrounding normal tissues were measured, and the UGSR was calculated. The optimal UGSR threshold for identifying PTMCs and MNGs in two medical centers was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the curve (AUC), optimal UGSR threshold, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were compared between the two medical centers.ResultsThe UGSR values of PTMCs and MNGs in medical center A were 0.5537 (0.4699, 0.6515) and 0.8708 (0.7616, 1.0123) (Z = -27.691, P = 0), respectively, whereas those in medical center B were 0.5517 (0.4698, 0.6377) and 0.8539 (0.7366, 0.9929) (Z = -16.057, P = 0), respectively. The UGSR of PTMCs and MNGs did not differ significantly between the two medical centers (Z = -0.609, P = 0.543 and Z = -1.394, P = 0.163, respectively). The AUC, optimal UGSR threshold, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the two medical centers were 0.898 vs. 0.918, 0.7214 vs. 0.6911, 0.881 vs. 0.868, 0.817 vs. 0.833, 0.851 vs. 0.834, 0.853 vs. 0.867, and 0.852 vs. 0.850, respectively.ConclusionsUGSR can quantify the echo intensity of PTMCs and MNGs and is therefore valuable for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases. The diagnostic efficacy was consistent between the two medical centers. This method should be widely promoted and applied.
Antibiotics Prescription Over Three Years in a French Benchmarking Network of 23 Level 3 Neonatal Wards
Authors: Martin-Mons Séverine , Lorrain Simon , Iacobelli Silvia , Gouyon Béatrice , Gouyon Jean-Bernard ,   On behalf of the B-PEN Study Group
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prescribing antibiotics to newborns is challenging, as excess antibiotics are a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of antibiotic exposure over three years in a large network of level 3 neonatal wards where each center is informed yearly of its own results and the results of other centers and has full autonomy to improve its performance.Patients and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study of antibiotics prescriptions over the 2017–2019 period in a network of 23 French level 3 neonatal wards. The network relied on an internal benchmarking program based on a computerized prescription ordering system. Among others, antibiotics exposure, treatment duration, and antibiotics spectrum index were analyzed.Results: The population consisted of 39,971 neonates (51.5% preterm), 44.3% of which were treated with antibiotics. Of the treated patients, 78.5% started their first antibiotic treatment in the first three days of life. Antibiotic exposure rate significantly declined from 2017 to 2019 (from 46.8% to 42.8%, p &lt; 0.0001); this decline was significant in groups with gestational age &gt;26 weeks, but not in the group with extremely low gestational age &lt;27 weeks. Gentamicin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin (ampicillin), vancomycin, and amikacin were the antibiotics most prescribed. The lower the gestational age, the higher the exposure for cefotaxime, vancomycin, and amikacin. Compared to 2017, cefotaxime exposure in 2019 declined by 12.6%, but the change was only significant in the gestational age group of 32–36 weeks (17.4%) and at term (20.3%). The triple combination of antibiotics in the first three days decreased by 28.8% from 2017 to 2019, and this was significant in each gestational age group. During the study, the delayed ending of antibiotics in unconfirmed early-onset neonatal infection increased from 9.6% to 11.9%.Conclusion: This study showed that a strategy characterized by the collection of information via a computerized order-entry system, analysis of the results by a steering committee representative of all neonatal wards, and complete autonomy of neonatal wards in the choice of prescription modalities, is associated with a significant reduction in the use of antibiotics in newborns with gestational age greater than 26 weeks.
Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation in Skeletal Muscle and Liver Cells: A Protective Mechanism of Bilirubin Against Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Hana Claudia A. , Klebermass Eva-Maria , Balber Theresa , Mitterhauser Markus , Quint Ruth , Hirtl Yvonne , Klimpke Antonia , Somloi Sophie , Hutz Juliana , Sperr Elisabeth , Eder Paulina , Jašprová Jana , Valášková Petra , Vítek Libor , Heiss Elke , Wagner Karl-Heinz 
Published: January 2021

Ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver drives the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Mild hyperbilirubinaemia has been repeatedly suggested to play a role in the prevention of DMT2 and is known for its capacity to shape an improved lipid phenotype in humans and in animals. To date, the effect of bilirubin on lipid accumulation in tissues that are prone to ectopic lipid deposition is unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of bilirubin on lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver cell lines. C2C12 skeletal mouse muscle and HepG2 human liver cells were treated with physiological concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) (0.5 mM and 1 mM) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) (17.1 and 55 µM). The intracellular presence of UCB upon exogenous UCB administration was confirmed by HPLC and the lipid accumulation was assessed by using Nile red. Exposure of both cell lines to UCB significantly reduced lipid accumulation by up to 23% (p ≤ 0.001) in HepG2 and by up to 17% (p ≤ 0.01) in C2C12 cells at 0.5 and 5 h under hypoglycaemic conditions. Simultaneously, UCB slightly increased FFA uptake in HepG2 cells after 0.5 and 5 h and in C2C12 cells after 12 h as confirmed by gas chromatographic analyses of the remaining FFA content in the incubation media. The effects of UCB on lipid accumulation and uptake were abolished in the presence of higher glucose concentrations. Monitoring the uptake of a radiolabeled glucose analogue [18F]FDG: (2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose) into both cell types further indicated higher glucose consumption in the presence of UCB. In conclusion, our findings show that UCB considerably decreases lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver cells within a short incubation time of max. 5 h which suggests that mildly elevated bilirubin levels could lower ectopic lipid deposition, a major key element in the pathogenesis of DMT2.
A Frequency Modulation Fingerprint-Based Positioning Algorithm for Indoor Mobile Localization of Photoelectric Modules
Authors: Duan Chi , Tian Lixia , Bai Pengfei , Peng Bao 
Published: January 2021

Optoelectronic modules have a wide range of applications in the field of wireless communication. However, the function of mobile localization has not been realized in optoelectronic modules. In this paper, an indoor positioning algorithm, which was based on frequency modulation (FM) signals, was realized in optoelectronic modules. Firstly, FM monitoring receiver DB4004 was used to collect FM signals; Secondly, FM signals were preprocessed and analyzed to build a FM dataset. Finally, weighted centroid k-nearest neighbors (WC-KNN) precise positioning algorithm was proposed to obtain the position information of the photoelectric module. Experimental results showed that the median location error of the WC-KNN algorithm can reach 0.8 m and additional hardware equipment was not required. The research results provided the feasibility for the practical application of equipment based on optoelectronic devices in various fields.
EFISIENSI BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN LABA BERSIH
Authors: Sari Nurlaela , Rimawan M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of operating cost on Net Income at PT HM Sampoerna Tbk in 2012 – 2018. The method used in this study is the associative analysis method. The population in this study is the financial report of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk in the form of an audited profit and loss statement in the form of operational costs and net income for 28 Years starting from 1990-2018. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the number of samples obtained for 7 years (2012 – 2018). The data used are secondary data sourced fro the financial statements of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Data analysis techniques used in this study are simple linear regression, simple correlation, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing using t statistics using SPSS 16.0. The result showed that the variable operational costs Significantly influence net income
Keyword: Operational Cost, Net Income, finance, Efficiency, IDX
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Biaya Operasional terhadap Laba bersih pada PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk tahun 2012-2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis asosiatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keungan PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk dalam bentuk laporan Laba rugi yang telah di audit berupa biaya operasional dan laba bersih selama 28 (dua puluh delapan) di mulai dari tahun 1990 - 2018. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan diperoleh jumlah sampel selama 7 tahun (2012-2018). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keungan PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier sederhana, korelasi sederhana, koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t-statistik menggunakan uji spss 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel Biaya Operasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Laba bersih.
Kata Kunci : Biaya Operasional, Laba bersih, Keuangan, Efisiensi, BEI
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN BEP (BREAK EVEN POINT) DAN MARGIN OF SAFETY DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: Kusumawardani Astrin , Alamsyah Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: January 2021

Determination of Selling Price is very important for entrepreneurs to be able to obtain the profit they want by using the Break-Even Point (BEP) analysis so that it can be seen the principal return point where the point illustrates how a company is in a state of non-profit and no loss. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The study was conducted using Break-Even Point (BEP) analysis and Margin of Safety (MOS) determination of the selling price to get the profit expected by the SMEs. While the data used are primary data through observation and interviews, and secondary data in the form of financial statements of Boeds Cofee. As well as calculating and responding to the appropriateness of the selling price that will be carried out by the MSME. Based on the results of calculations through the BEP and MOS methods, the determination of the selling price is feasible to use. With MOS of 46%.
Keywords: SMEs, Break-Even Point (BEP), Margin of Safety (MOS), Decision on Selling Price

ABSTRAK
Penentuan Harga Jual sangatlah penting bagi pengusaha agar dapat memperoleh laba yang diinginkannya dengan menggunakan analisis Break Even Point (BEP) maka akan dapat dilihat titik pulang pokok dimana titik tersebut menggambarkan bagaimana suatu perusahaan dalam keadaan tidak memperoleh laba dan tidak mengalami kerugian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Break Even Point (BEP) dan Margin Of Savety (MOS) penentuan harga jual untuk mendapatkan laba yang diharapkan oleh UKM tersebut. Sedangkan data yang digunakan ialah data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara, dan data sekunder yang berupa laporan keuangan Boeds Cofee. Serta menghitung dan memberi tanggapan tentang kelayakan harga jual yangakan dilakukan oleh UMKM tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan melalui metode BEP dan MOS maka penetuan harga jual layak untuk digunakan. Dengan MOS sebesar 46%.
Kata Kunci : UKM, Break Even Point (BEP), Margin Of Savety (MOS), Pengambilan Keputusan Harga Jual
PERAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT, AKUNTABILITAS, DAN TRANSPARANSI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN DESA
Authors: Situmorang Christina Verawaty , Simanjuntak Arthur , Elisabeth Duma M 
Published: January 2021

The objectives research to examine the influence of transparency, accountability, and society participation in the financial management of Rural Development. This research uses Survey method with questionnaire as the instrument. The population of the study was the entire apparatus and the Minister of Village fund managers. Based on the Purposive sampling method, the number of samples obtained is 75 respondents. The research used in this study is quantitative research with the aim of the study of the research in this literature with multiple regression tests and the validity and reliability test to determine Quality questionnaire used with SPSS software. The results of this study show that partials, accountability and society participation had positive significant influence on rural development. While the transparency variable had negative significant influence on rural development. Simultaneous transparency, accountability and society participation had positive influence on rural development.

Kata Kunci: Transparansi, Akuntabilitas, Partisipasi Masyarakat dan Pembangunan Desa.
Impact of selective thermal etching in mixed H2/NH3 atmosphere on crystal quality of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Yoshiya Yuki , Hoshi Takuya , Sugiyama Hiroki , Matsuzaki Hideaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigated the impact of selective thermal etching in a mixed hydrogen and ammonia atmosphere on the crystal quality and electrical characteristics of Ga- and N-polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. It was revealed that the etching rate of N-polar GaN is lower than that of Ga-polar GaN under our experimental conditions, and they showed a similar dependence on process temperature with almost the same activation energies. We demonstrated the use of a thin AlGaN layer as a selective etching stopper for both Ga- and N-polarity. The AlGaN stoppers exhibited a smooth surface after etching the GaN layer above them. As for the electrical characteristics, there was no significant degradation in the mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. The results indicate that selective thermal etching is a promising technique for device fabrication and is especially suitable for precise GaN layer removal when GaN-based devices are fabricated with an epitaxial layer transfer technique.
Hydrogenated In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistors with anodized and fluorinated Al2O3 gate insulator for flexible devices
Authors: Kono Syuya , Magari Yusaku , Mori Marin , Aman S. G. Mehadi , Fruehauf Norbert , Furuta Hiroshi , Furuta Mamoru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For the purpose of developing In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a flexible substrate, low-temperature (150 °C) processed hydrogenated IGZO (IGZO:H) TFTs with anodize alumina gate insulator (Al2O3 GI) have been developed. We found that fluorination of the Al2O3 GI surface significantly improves field effect mobility (μ
FE) and positive gate bias and temperature stress (PBTS) reliability of the TFTs. μ
FE of 28.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and good PBTS reliability were obtained from the IGZO:H TFTs with a 68 nm thick fluorinated Al2O3 GI. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that fluorine in the AlOF
x
formed at the Al2O3 surface played an important role in improving performance and PBTS reliability of low-temperature-processed oxide TFTs for future flexible device applications.
Study of ion-implanted nitrogen related defects in diamond Schottky barrier diode by transient photocapacitance and photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Junjie , Traore Aboulaye , Ogura Masahiko , Abu Bakar Muhammad Hafiz Bin , Yamasaki Satoshi , Gheeraert Etienne , Makino Toshiharu , Sakurai Takeaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are growing attractive in the application of quantum devices. Here, electrical control of NV charge state and defects induced by nitrogen ions implantation in diamond were investigated by transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The experiments show that thresholds of 1.2 eV appeared in TPC spectra are probably due to the presence of excited defect energy levels related to vacancy or NV center. Alternatively, the 2.2 eV defect observed in the TPC spectrum is probably attributed to NV centers. The variation of TPC and PL spectra with different applied voltages suggests that bias voltages control the charge state of NV centers since their effect on the Fermi level shifting in the depletion region. Furthermore, the steady-state photocapacitance indicates that the 2.2 eV deep trap slows down the process of photocapacitance rise and fall, and these processes can be enhanced by a higher electrical field.
Alkyl chain length dependence of carrier transport in solution-processed phthalocyanine thin films evaluated via MIS-CELIV method
Authors: Kim WooJin , Nishikawa Yuki , Nakayama Yusuke , Fujii Akihiko , Ozaki Masanori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The carrier transport characteristics of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaalkylphthalocyanine (CnPcH2) thin films have been investigated by utilizing metal–insulator–semiconductor charge extraction by the linearly increasing voltage method. As the alkyl chain length of CnPcH2 increased from n = 5 to 8, the estimated hole mobility decreased by almost one and a half order of magnitude in the range of 10−4 to 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, the relationship between the alkyl chain length and site energy distribution in solution-processed phthalocyanine thin films was investigated. The temperature and field dependences of the hole mobility were analyzed using the Gaussian disorder model, and the effect of the alkyl chain length was discussed by taking the enlargement of the energetic width of the hopping site and the distribution of the hopping distance into consideration.
Effect of hydrothermal treatment on the exit and quality of wheat-tritikal-linen flour
Authors: Kandrokov R. K. , Pankratov G. N. 
Published: January 2021

The results of the study are presented, the effect of hydrothermal treatment of wheat-triticaleflax grain grinding mixture on the yield and quality of baking flour. The optimal parameters of hydrothermal treatment by cold conditioning of the initial wheat-triticale grain mixture before grinding were revealed. Seven grindings of wheat-triticale-flax grain mixture were carried out with various parameters of moisture and time of milling. Grinding of the initial grain mixtures was carried out at the laboratory mill MLU-202 of the Swiss company Buhler, which consists of three torn and three grinding systems. It was established that the optimal mode of preparation of the initial grain wheat-triticale mixture for grinding is to moisten it to a process humidity of 15.5–16.0%, and cough for 24 hours (grinding №. 7). In this case, the addition of flax seeds to the initial wheat-triticale grain mixture, which passed the TRP, is carried out before the first torn system. It has been established that flax seeds are crushed in the inter-roll gap starting from the second torn system. It was revealed that the addition of 7% flax to the initial wheat-triticale grain mixture reduces the yield of wheat-triticale flax flour from 3.5% to 6.8%, depending on the parameters of the hydrothermal treatment. It was revealed that during the processing of the initial grain mixture using optimal TRP conditions, the yield of wheat-triticale-flax flour enriched with essential polyunsaturated fatty acids amounted to 69.3% with a whiteness of 59 units of the R3-BPL-C device. Bread from wheat-triticale-flax flour compared to the control sample from wheat flour did not differ significantly. Both breads are of regular shape, convex crust, golden brown color of the crust. The crumb of bread obtained from both the control wheattriticale flour and wheat-triticale-flax flour is elastic, the porosity is uniform, thin-walled. It was found that in its organoleptic characteristics, bread obtained from wheat-triticale-flax flour is not inferior to bread from a control wheat-triticale flour, but in terms of taste it is superior.
The microarchitecture of the tissues of the shoulder joint in dogs
Authors: Pavlovskaya E. A. , Lapteva E. A. 
Published: January 2021

Up to the present time practically not studied the peculiarities of formation of cartilage in the various compartments of the shoulder joint in dogs, as well as zones of least resistance joints in General. Available studies mainly use visual diagnostic methods, without applying morphological and morphometric. There is no information about age-related cytomorphological transformations occurring in the joint in normal and pathological conditions. In this regard, the aim of our study was to determine the zone of risk of damage to the shoulder joint in dogs. Studies were conducted on dogs and cadaver material, selected from giant, large and mediumsized breeds. Arthroscopic studies of dogs were performed, as well as light microscopy of histological sections of freshly treated samples of joint tissues. As a result of trauma to the joint is transformed physiological synovial folds in sklerozirovanie a pathological form that occurs in German shepherd dogs over 5 years of age in 60% of cases. The process of mineralization of the matrix and the appearance of multiple foci of ossification occurs asynchronously in the cartilage of the head of the humerus and the articular cavity of the scapula. Osteoplastic processes in the area of articulation occur unevenly. Cartilage coating of the articular surface of the shoulder blade is characterized by a more uniform distribution than the articular rotation of the humerus head. The zones of risk of damage to the structures of the shoulder joint in dogs were determined. These include: cranial and medial compartments of the joint, the caudal area of the cartilaginous coating of the humerus, the caudal area of the articular surface of the scapula cavity. The data obtained make up for the information about the diagnosis and risk factors in the development of shoulder joint pathologies in dogs of large and giant breeds. They should be used in clinical diagnosis and surgery of the musculoskeletal system in animals.