bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated redaction of names in adverse event reports using transformer-based neural networks
Authors: Meldau Eva-Lisa , Bista Shachi , Melgarejo-González Carlos , Norén G. Niklas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Automated recognition and redaction of personal identifiers in free text can enable organisations to share data while protecting privacy. This is important in the context of pharmacovigilance since relevant detailed information on the clinical course of events, differential diagnosis, and patient-reported reflections may often only be conveyed in narrative form. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a method for automated redaction of person names in English narrative text on adverse event reports. The target domain for this study was case narratives from the United Kingdom’s Yellow Card scheme, which collects and monitors information on suspected side effects to medicines and vaccines.

Methods
We finetuned BERT – a transformer-based neural network – for recognising names in case narratives. Training data consisted of newly annotated records from the Yellow Card data and of the i2b2 2014 deidentification challenge. Because the Yellow Card data contained few names, we used predictive models to select narratives for training. Performance was evaluated on a separate set of annotated narratives from the Yellow Card scheme. In-depth review determined whether (parts of) person names missed by the de-identification method could enable re-identification of the individual, and whether de-identification reduced the clinical utility of narratives by collaterally masking relevant information.

Results
Recall on held-out Yellow Card data was 87% (155/179) at a precision of 55% (155/282) and a false-positive rate of 0.05% (127/ 263,451). Considering tokens longer than three characters separately, recall was 94% (102/108) and precision 58% (102/175). For 13 of the 5,042 narratives in Yellow Card test data (71 with person names), the method failed to flag at least one name token. According to in-depth review, the leaked information could enable direct identification for one narrative and indirect identification for two narratives. Clinically relevant information was removed in less than 1% of the 5,042 processed narratives; 97% of the narratives were completely untouched.

Conclusions
Automated redaction of names in free-text narratives of adverse event reports can achieve sufficient recall including shorter tokens like patient initials. In-depth review shows that the rare leaks that occur tend not to compromise patient confidentiality. Precision and false positive rates are acceptable with almost all clinically relevant information retained.
Artificial intelligence in anesthesiology: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xie Bi-Hua , Li Ting-Ting , Ma Feng-Ting , Li Qi-Jun , Xiao Qiu-Xia , Xiong Liu-Lin , Liu Fei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in anesthesiology has become increasingly widespread. However, no previous study has analyzed this field from the bibliometric analysis dimension. The objective of this paper was to assess the global research trends in AI in anesthesiology using bibliometric software. Literatures relevant to AI and anesthesiology were retrieved from the Web of Science until 10 April 2024 and were visualized and analyzed using Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. After screening, 491 studies were included in the final bibliometric analysis. The growth rate of publications, countries, institutions, authors, journals, literature co-citations, and keyword co-occurrences was computed. The number of publications increased annually since 2018, with the most significant contributions from the USA, China, and England. The top 3 institutions were Yuan Ze University, National Taiwan University, and Brunel University London. The top three journals were Anesthesia & Analgesia, BMC Anesthesiology, and the British Journal of Anaesthesia. The researches on the application of AI in predicting hypotension have been extensive and represented a hotspot and frontier. In terms of keyword co-occurrence cluster analysis, keywords were categorized into four clusters: ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia, postoperative pain and airway management, prediction, depth of anesthesia (DoA), and intraoperative drug infusion. This analysis provides a systematic analysis on the literature regarding the AI-related research in the field of anesthesiology, which may help researchers and anesthesiologists better understand the research trend of anesthesia-related AI.
Utility of the GerdQ questionnaire in detecting gastroesophageal symptoms with RA patients
Authors: Nozaki Yuji , Kishimoto Kazuya , Tomita Daisuke , Itami Tetsu , Ashida Chisato , Kinoshita Koji , Matsumura Itaru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects multiple organ systems, including the esophagus. Moreover, one of the major side effects of methotrexate (MTX) is gastrointestinal disorders, which are said to affect medication adherence. We investigated the rate of MTX use, dosage, and the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in relation to gastroesophageal (GE) symptoms, and whether they influence RA disease activity.

Methods
This study utilized the GerdQ questionnaire to analyze the influence of GE symptoms on RA disease activity and medication adherence. A total of 558 RA patients participated. On the day of the GerdQ questionnaire, data on age, gender, disease duration, RA disease activity, lab results, and lifestyle factors such as smoking history and alcohol consumption were recorded. Detailed drug information on conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs), glucocorticoids, and NSAIDs were extracted from medical records. Propensity score matching adjusted patient background characteristics.

Results
Before matching, patients with moderate to high disease activity had higher GE symptoms (12.7% vs. 25.6%). After matching, higher GerdQ scores were correlated with increased tender joint counts 28 (TJC28) and worse visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Oral MTX usage was similar, but the dosage was significantly lower in the group with higher GerdQ scores (51.4% vs. 50.8% and 7.7 ± 2.4 mg/wks vs. 6.5 ± 2.6 mg/wks, p < 0.05*).

Conclusions
GE symptoms significantly impact MTX treatment and patient-reported outcomes such as TJC28 and VAS in RA disease activity, highlighting their importance in RA treatment strategies. For clinicians, the study’s results will emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing GE symptoms in RA patients, particularly those on MTX therapy. Furthermore, the data could provide a basis for future studies that explore targeted interventions to mitigate GE symptoms and enhance medication adherence, potentially improving RA outcomes.
A comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognostic significance of signal transducers and activators of transcription family in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Fu Denggang , Zhang Biyu , Sun Jinghui , Feng Jueping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding the role of the STAT family in gastric cancer (GC) is essential for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. However, comprehensive analysis of STAT expression and its prognostic significance in GC is limited. This study aims to address this gap by examining STAT expression in normal and GC tissues and evaluating its prognostic value across clinical subgroups.

Methods
STAT mRNA expression levels were compared between tumor and normal tissues using fold change analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves assessed the correlation between STAT expression and clinical outcomes, with statistical significance determined by the Log-rank test and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals. Subset analyses evaluated STAT expression across GC subtypes and its prognostic value, including in patients with oncogenic mutations.

Results
Most STAT family members, except STAT4, showed increased expression in GC tissues compared to normal tissues, consistent across various clinical subgroups, suggesting a role in GC pathogenesis. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the prognostic significance of STATs in GC. High STAT1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS), first progression (FP), and post-progression survival (PPS), indicating a favorable prognosis. In contrast, elevated STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 expression correlated with poor prognosis. Subgroup analysis highlighted the consistent prognostic value of STATs across different histological subtypes, particularly in intestinal-type GC. Additionally, STAT expression had differential prognostic implications based on HER2 status. HER2-positive GC patients with high STAT expression had worse OS and FP rates, while HER2-negative patients with high STAT1 expression had better survival outcomes.

Conclusions
This study provides valuable insights into STAT expression patterns and their prognostic significance in GC. The upregulation of STATs, except STAT4, suggests their involvement in GC oncogenesis. Notably, high STAT1 expression is a favorable prognostic marker, while increased STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 expression correlates with poor prognosis. These findings underscore the potential of STATs as prognostic markers in GC, guiding personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
The effects of vaginal bromocriptine and dienogest on women with adenomyosis: a clinical study
Authors: Bahoorzahi Parvane , Aminimoghaddam Soheila , Derakhshan Roya , Hashemi Neda , Rokhgireh Samaneh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma develop in the myometrium, leading to symptoms such as pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Method
This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial study was conducted on patients with adenomyosis referred to the Rasul-e-Akram Hospital. Group A received vaginal bromocriptine, and group B received dienogest. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), visual analog scale (VAS), and pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC) evaluation were performed at the beginning and after 3, 6, and 9 months of the study.

Result
The mean blood visual chart 3 and 6 months after intervention in the bromocriptine group was significantly lower than the dienogest group (P < 0.001). The mean intensity of menstrual pain 3 months after intervention was significantly lower in the dienogest group compared to the bromocriptine group (P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in TVS appearance in both groups at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion
Dienogest and bromocriptine both effectively reduced pain intensity, menstrual bleeding, and sonographic characteristics in patients with adenomyosis.
Quality of life of elderly cardiac patients with multimorbidity and burnout among their caregivers
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Ahmed Shimaa Harris , El-Fetoh Nagah M. , Mohamed Eman R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Changes in cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and biology associated with aging increase vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and more people are living into old age with chronic CVD. As a result, a significant number of elderly people have CVD, whereas CVD is more likely to emerge as part of a cluster of chronic conditions in younger patients that have an impact on their QOL (quality of life). Burnout syndrome (BO) is an increasingly serious problem among caregivers.

Results
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life of elderly cardiac patients with multimorbidity and BO syndrome among their caregivers on 265 patients and their caregivers; data was collected using sociodemographic, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaires.
We found that 46.8% of elderly cardiac patients with multimorbidity showed poor overall QOL and health, and 16.6% of caregivers showed a high degree of total burnout score. According to age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, the 10-year survival of our patients was 21%, 2%, and 0% in 56.2%, 26.4% and 17.4% of patients respectively.

Conclusion
Our study concluded that physical, psychological, and environmental QOL domains are poor among elderly cardiac patients with multimorbidity, and more than half of their care caregivers showed a low degree of personal accomplishment. Therefore, it is critical to carry out additional clinical trials aimed at developing novel rehabilitation programs and therapy avenues that will improve the QOL for elderly cardiac patients and their caregivers.
Distress and health-related quality of life in post-treatment nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a two-centre cross-sectional study
Authors: Sultan Abdul Kader Mohamed Iliyas , Ramanna Vijayaprakas Rao , Ahmad Abd Razak , Kumarasuriar Gayathri , Guan Lum Sai , Yunus Mohd Razif Mohamad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients often face significant physical and psychological challenges. While disease control remains a clinical priority, the impact on distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is often overlooked. This study will assess distress and the HRQOL prevalence, severity, and relationship among post-treatment nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and investigate its associated factors.

Method
A cross-sectional study at Hospital Melaka (HM) and Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) involved post-treatment NPC patients with at least six months of follow-up. Distress was assessed using the Distress Thermometer (DT). Quality of life (QoL) and symptomatology were assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and EORTC Head and Neck Module (QLQ-H&N 35). We conducted statistical analyses using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests for comparisons and Spearman Correlation for analyzing relationships.

Results
One hundred forty-four patients with a median age of 60.5 years (range 18–92) were recruited and completed the questionnaires. The median NPC surveillance follow-up time was seven years (6 months to 36 years). 84% of the patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The majority of the patients were in late stage 57.6% (Stage III, n = 51[35.4%]; Stage IV, n = 32 [22.2%]). The median distress score is 4 (range, 1–8), and the median HRQOL score is 75 (range of 50–100). A significant negative correlation was found between distress and the HRQOL score. (r = -0.53, p < 0.01). Factors influencing distress and HRQOL scores were sticky saliva, dry mouth, fatigue, and less sexuality, with a significance of P < 0.01.

Conclusion
Overall distress and HRQOL scores among post-treatment NPC patients were good. Factors such as sticky saliva, dry mouth, fatigue, and decreased sexuality substantially impacted distress and HRQOL. Addressing these factors alongside cancer treatment may enhance HRQOL outcomes.
Machine Learning to Predict the Individual Risk of Treatment-Relevant Toxicity for Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment
Authors: Cai Lie , Deutsch Thomas M. , Sidey-Gibbons Chris , Kobel Michelle , Riedel Fabian , Smetanay Katharina , Fremd Carlo , Michel Laura , Golatta Michael , Heil Joerg , Schneeweiss Andreas , Pfob André 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Toxicity to systemic cancer treatment represents a major anxiety for patients and a challenge to treatment plans. We aimed to develop machine learning algorithms for the upfront prediction of an individual's risk of experiencing treatment-relevant toxicity during the course of treatment.

METHODS
Clinical records were retrieved from a single-center, consecutive cohort of patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. We developed and validated machine learning algorithms to predict grade 3 or 4 toxicity (anemia, neutropenia, deviation of liver enzymes, nephrotoxicity, thrombopenia, electrolyte disturbance, or neuropathy). We used 10-fold cross-validation to develop two algorithms (logistic regression with elastic net penalty [GLM] and support vector machines [SVMs]). Algorithm predictions were compared with documented toxicity events and diagnostic performance was evaluated via area under the curve (AUROC).

RESULTS

A total of 590 patients were identified, 432 in the development set and 158 in the validation set. The median age was 51 years, and 55.8% (329 of 590) experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity. The performance improved significantly when adding referenced treatment information (referenced regimen, referenced summation dose intensity product) in addition to patient and tumor variables: GLM AUROC 0.59 versus 0.75,
P
= .02; SVM AUROC 0.64 versus 0.75,
P
= .01.

CONCLUSION
The individual risk of treatment-relevant toxicity can be predicted using machine learning algorithms. We demonstrate a promising way to improve efficacy and facilitate proactive toxicity management of systemic cancer treatment.
Targeted-Agent Continual Reassessment Method: A Novel Bayesian Enrichment Design for Phase I Trials of Molecularly Targeted Therapies
Authors: Ma Clement , Shulman David S. , Al-Sayegh Hasan , DuBois Steven G. , London Wendy B. 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Novel therapies targeting specific genomic alterations are a promising treatment approach for relapsed/refractory cancer. Patients with specific alterations may be more likely to respond. Trial designs should maximize opportunities for such patients to enroll on these trials. Existing designs do not enrich for patients with specific alterations. We developed the adaptive Targeted Agent-Continual Reassessment Method (TARGET-CRM) to optimize dose finding and enrich for patients with specific alterations, and applied it in a pediatric phase I trial.

METHODS
Patients were stratified to cohort A (unspecified tumors) or cohort B (rare genomic alterations). The TARGET-CRM design permits cohort B patients to immediately enroll at one dose level below the currently evaluated dose level instead of waiting for an open slot at the current dose level. Using simulations, we compared the operating characteristics (accuracy—the proportion of trials in which the true maximum tolerated dose [MTD] was identified/recommended; safety—the dose-limiting toxicity [DLT] rate; the proportion of cohort B patients enrolled) of the TARGET-CRM, standard CRM, and 3 + 3 designs across various scenarios.

RESULTS
The proportion of enrolled patients who were cohort B was higher for TARGET-CRM (90%-100%) compared with CRM (approximately 85%) and 3 + 3 (approximately 79%). The DLT rate and rate the true MTD was recommended were similar for TARGET-CRM and CRM, differing by only 0%-4% and 0%-4%, respectively. Results were similar regardless of trial sample size and proportion of cohort B patients in the population.

CONCLUSION
In phase I dose-finding trials of targeted agents, the Bayesian adaptive TARGET-CRM design maximizes enrollment of patients hypothesized as most likely to benefit from the targeted agent, while maintaining similar or superior accuracy and safety as the CRM and 3 + 3 designs.
Postprandial Hypoglycemia in a Patient With Clinical Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: London Bella , Corker Lisa Chiu , Deng Lily , Mani Bhavapriya , Murray Alison , Krishnamurthy Mansa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A male neonate exhibited hallmark features of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) including large for gestational age, macroglossia, multiple ear pits, and umbilical hernia. He had neonatal hypoglycemia, requiring a glucose infusion rate of 9.7 mg/kg/min. Over time, he demonstrated persistent hypoglycemia with point-of-care glucose &lt;60 mg/dL (&lt;3.3 mmol/L) (70-140 mg/dL, 3.9-7.8 mmol/L) prompting a critical sample. A diagnostic fast of 13 hours revealed no hypoglycemia &lt;50 mg/dL. However, he was found to have postprandial hypoglycemia after 2 hours to 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L) (70-140 mg/dL, 3.9-7.8 mmol/L) with low β-hydroxybutyrate of &lt;1.8 mg/dL (&lt;0.17 mmol/L) (&gt;3.6 mg/dL, &gt;1.8 mmol/L) and increased insulin 3.9 μIU/mL (27 pmol/L) (2-13 μIU/mL; 14-90 pmol/L). Low-dose diazoxide (6 mg/kg/day) and chlorothiazide (10 mg/kg/day) were initiated. After 48 hours on diazoxide, all episodes of postprandial hypoglycemia resolved. A safety fast on diazoxide sustained blood glucose &gt;70 mg/dL with a rise in serum β-hydroxybutyrate at 13 and 19 hours. Our case highlights the heterogeneity of hypoglycemia in BWS, either fasting or postprandial. This emphasizes the importance of appropriate screening for both forms of hypoglycemia in patients with BWS and that diazoxide is an effective treatment.
Artificial intelligence in radiology: Radiologist’s adversary or comrade?
Authors: Mansoor Ali 
Published: December 2024

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11391
How to cite this: Mansoor A. Artificial intelligence in radiology: Radiologist’s adversary or comrade? Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):1-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11391
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Physical activity in atopic dermatitis: a narrative review
Authors: Leszyńska Agnieszka , Bałoniak Julia , Bałoniak Zuzanna , Jonkisz Aleksandra , Doligalska Michalina , Stremel Aleksandra , Bachoń Emilia , Skurzyńska Gabriela , Kozłowska Dominika 
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease that impacts various aspects of a patient’s life. Among numerous triggers, there is a specific group of factors that may arise during physical activity. Due to skin-related issues, which can be both a significant obstacle and a source of fear regarding symptom exacerbation, the habits and behaviors of patients with AD differ from those of the general population. Understanding these changes can provide valuable insights into which types of sports or physical activities should be recommended by physicians, physiotherapists, or other professionals involved in sports and health.
In this review, we analyze studies conducted on this topic and aim to draw conclusions on how to best promote physical activity in patients with AD while minimizing its negative impact on their skin. We emphasize the lack of essential studies that involve engaging patients with AD in various forms of physical activity and subsequently assessing their skin condition and symptom severity after exercise.
Function Design for Improved Competitive Ratio in Online Resource Allocation with Procurement Costs
Authors: Ray Mitas , Sadeghi Omid , Ratliff Lillian J. , Fazel Maryam 
Published: December 2024

We study the problem of online resource allocation, where customers arrive sequentially, and the seller must irrevocably allocate resources to each incoming customer while also facing a prespecified procurement cost function over the total allocation. The objective is to maximize the reward obtained from fulfilling the customers’ requests sans the cumulative procurement cost. We analyze the competitive ratio of a primal-dual algorithm in this setting and develop an optimization framework for designing a surrogate function for the procurement cost to be used by the algorithm to improve the competitive ratio of the primal-dual algorithm. We use the optimal surrogate function for polynomial procurement cost functions to improve on previous bounds. For general procurement cost functions, our design method uses quasiconvex optimization to find optimal design parameters. We then implement the design techniques and show the improved performance of the algorithm in numerical examples. Finally, we extend the analysis by devising a posted pricing mechanism in which the algorithm does not require the customers’ preferences to be revealed. Funding: M. Fazel’s work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation [Awards 2023166, 2007036, and 1740551]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2021.0012 .