bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant protein D concentration in a pediatric population with suspected sleep disorder
Authors: Ribot Caterina , Morell‐Garcia Daniel , Piérola Javier , Peña‐Zarza José A. , Sanchís Pilar , Muñiz Jesús , de la Peña Mónica , Alonso‐Fernández Alberto , Barceló Antonia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects between 2% and 4% in children and there is a search for new biomarkers that can be useful both in the diagnosis and in the evolution of the disease. The surfactant protein D (SP‐D) is a collection that is part of the innate immune system exerting an anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of SP‐D in the suspect OSA pediatric population. A total of 178 children were recruited in this prospective study. Blood samples, sleep parameters, feeding habits, anthropometric, sociodemographic, and family data were collected. Specific biochemical determinations were made, and the plasmatic concentrations of SP‐D were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We found no statistical correlation between the SP‐D concentration and the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) from the data. Nevertheless, the changes in SP‐D levels could be correlated to a large extent by the arousals that often go along with hypopneas (r = −0.258, p = 0.011 unadjusted; r = −0.258, p = 0.014 adjusted by age and body mass inded [BMI] Z‐score). Intermittent hypoxia was correlated with C‐reactive protein levels (r = 0.547, p < 0.001 unadjusted; r = 0.542, p < 0.001 adjusted by age and BMI Z‐score). Although AHI and SP‐D did not appear to correlate, a secondary analysis suggests that sleep fragmentation, which is produced by arousals, may do, and further research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which changes in SP‐D occur in OSA.
Tutorial for $DESIGN in NONMEM: Clinical trial evaluation and optimization
Authors: Bauer Robert J. , Hooker Andrew C. , Mentre France 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis NONMEM tutorial shows how to evaluate and optimize clinical trial designs, using algorithms developed in design software, such as PopED and PFIM 4.0. Parameter precision and model parameter estimability is obtained by assessing the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM), providing expected model parameter uncertainty. Model parameter identifiability may be uncovered by very large standard errors or inability to invert an FIM. Because evaluation of FIM is more efficient than clinical trial simulation, more designs can be investigated, and the design of a clinical trial can be optimized. This tutorial provides simple and complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic examples on obtaining optimal sample times, doses, or best division of subjects among design groups. Robust design techniques accounting for likely variability among subjects are also shown. A design evaluator and optimizer within NONMEM allows any control stream first developed for trial design exploration to be subsequently used for estimation of parameters of simulated or clinical data, without transferring the model to another software. Conversely, a model developed in NONMEM could be used for design optimization. In addition, the $DESIGN feature can be used on any model file and dataset combination to retrospectively evaluate the model parameter uncertainty one would expect given that the model generated the data, particularly if outliers of the actual data prevent a reasonable assessment of the variance‐covariance. The NONMEM trial design feature is suitable for standard continuous data, whereas more elaborate trial designs or with noncontinuous data‐types can still be accomplished in optimal design dedicated software like PopED and PFIM.
Deployment of a change‐level software defect prediction solution into an industrial setting
Authors: Eken Beyza , Tufan Selda , Tunaboylu Alper , Guler Tevfik , Atar Rifat , Tosun Ayse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApplying change‐level software defect prediction (SDP) in practice has several challenges regarding model validation techniques, data accuracy, and prediction performance consistency. A few studies report on these challenges in an industrial context. We share our experience in integrating an SDP into an industrial context. We investigate whether an “offline” SDP could reflect its “online” (real‐life) performance, and other deployment decisions: the model re‐training process and update period. We employ an online prediction strategy by considering the actual labels of training commits at the time of prediction and compare its performance against an offline prediction. We empirically assess the online SDP's performance with various lengths of the time gap between the train and test set and model update periods. Our online SDP's performance could successfully reach its offline performance. The time gap between the train and test commits, and model update period significantly impacts the online performance by 37% and 18% in terms of probability of detection (pd), respectively. We deploy the best SDP solution (73% pd) with an 8‐month time gap and a 3‐day update period. Contextual factors may determine the model performance in practice, its consistency, and trustworthiness. As future work, we plan to investigate the reasons for fluctuations in model performance over time.
New solutions for an Eshelby inclusion of arbitrary shape in a plane or two jointed half‐planes
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew analytical solutions are derived for Eshelby's problem of an inclusion of arbitrary shape undergoing uniform in‐plane eigenstrains in a plane or in one of two bonded half‐planes. The simply‐connected domain occupied by the inclusion is described by a conformal mapping function that maps the interior of the inclusion onto the interior of the unit circle in the image plane. Elementary expressions of the elastic fields in the exterior of the inclusion and the mean stress inside the thermal inclusion are obtained. Typical examples of epitrochoidal, Booth's lemniscate, hypotrochoidal and generalized Booth's lemniscate thermal inclusions are presented to demonstrate the new solutions.
Stochastic Inflation at NNLO
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Green Daniel , Premkumar Akhil , Ridgway Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Stochastic Inflation is an important framework for understanding the physics of de Sitter space and the phenomenology of inflation. In the leading approximation, this approach results in a Fokker-Planck equation that calculates the probability distribution for a light scalar field as a function of time. Despite its successes, the quantum field theoretic origins and the range of validity for this equation have remained elusive, and establishing a formalism to systematically incorporate higher order effects has been an area of active study. In this paper, we calculate the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections to Stochastic Inflation using Soft de Sitter Effective Theory (SdSET). In this effective description, Stochastic Inflation manifests as the renormalization group evolution of composite operators. The leading impact of non-Gaussian quantum fluctuations appears at NNLO, which is presented here for the first time; we derive the coefficient of this term from a two-loop anomalous dimension calculation within SdSET. We solve the resulting equation to determine the NNLO equilibrium distribution and the low-lying relaxation eigenvalues. In the process, we must match the UV theory onto SdSET at one-loop order, which provides a non-trivial confirmation that the separation into Wilson-coefficient corrections and contributions to initial conditions persists beyond tree level. Furthermore, these results illustrate how the naive factorization of time and momentum integrals in SdSET no longer holds in the presence of logarithmic divergences. It is these effects that ultimately give rise to the renormalization group flow that yields Stochastic Inflation.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions in infectious and sterile inflammation and NAD+-dependent metabolic adaptation
Authors: Bock Karl Walter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) research has shifted from exploring dioxin toxicity to elucidation of various physiologic AHR functions. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to exert cellular stress-mediated sterile inflammatory responses in exposed human tissues but may be lethal in sensitive species. Inflammation can be thought of as the extreme end of a spectrum ranging from homeostasis to stress responses (sterile inflammation) and to defense against infection (infectious inflammation). Defense against bacterial infection by generation of reactive oxygen species has to be strictly controlled and may use up a considerable amount of energy. NAD+-mediated energy metabolism adapts to various inflammatory responses. As examples, the present commentary tries to integrate responses of AHR and NAD+-consuming enzymes (PARP7/TiPARP, CD38 and sirtuins) into infectious and stress-induced inflammatory responses, the latter exemplified by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). TCDD toxicity models in sensitive species provide hints to molecular AHR targets of energy metabolism including gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. AHR research remains challenging and promising.
Open pancreaticoduodenectomy: setting the benchmark of time to functional recovery
Authors: Marchegiani Giovanni , Perri Giampaolo , Andrianello Stefano , Masini Gaia , Brentegani Giacomo , Esposito Alessandro , Bassi Claudio , Salvia Roberto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
No accepted benchmarks for open pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) exist. The study assessed the time to functional recovery after open PD and how this could be affected by the magnitude of midline incision (MI).

Materials and methods
Prospective snapshot study during 1 year. Time to functional recovery (TtFR) was assessed for the entire cohort. Further analyses were conducted after excluding patients developing a Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 morbidity and after stratifying for the relative length of MI.

Results
The overall median TtFR was 7 days (n = 249), 6 days for uncomplicated patients (n = 124). A short MI (SMI, < 60% of xipho-pubic distance, n = 62) was compared to a long MI (LMI, n = 62) in uncomplicated patients. The choice of a SMI was not affected by technical issues and provided a significantly shorter TtFR (5 vs 6 days, p = 0.002) especially for pain control (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.048) and oral food intake (5 vs. 6 days, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Functional recovery after open PD with MI is achieved within 1 week from surgery in half of the patients. This should be the appropriate benchmark for comparison with minimally invasive PD. Moreover, PD with a SMI is feasible, safe, and associated with a faster recovery.
Early Post-operative Feeding: An Investigation of Early Functional Outcomes for Oral Cancer Patients Treated with Surgical Resection and Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Brady Grainne , Leigh-Doyle Lauren , Riva Francesco , Kerawala Cyrus , Roe Justin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTraditionally patients can remain nil by mouth (NBM) for up to 12 days after oral tumour resection with free flap reconstruction to reduce the risk of flap dehiscence, poor healing and fistulae. The literature reports that patients could on average remain an inpatient for up to 20 days post-surgery. An evaluation of the impact of a defined early oral feeding protocol was undertaken investigating functional outcomes and complications rates. We prospectively reviewed tracheostomy use, length of hospital stay, non-oral feeding status and swallowing function using the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer (PSS-HN) within a defined early feeding protocol. Twenty-nine patients underwent surgical resection with free flap reconstruction for advanced primary oral cancer between January 2018 and December 2019. Average age was 59.5 (range 24–88). Tumour sites included oral tongue (n = 10), maxilla (n = 6), mandible (n = 6), floor of mouth (n = 5) and buccal mucosa (n = 2). Median time to decannulation was 7 days (range 3–20 days, n = 11). The majority of patients were able to tolerate at least oral fluids on day 1 post-operatively (86%, n = 25). In addition to oral intake, non-oral feeding was required in 90% (n = 26), the majority of which included a nasogastric tube (NGT) placed intraoperatively 54% (n = 14), others required gastrostomy 46% (n = 12). Median time to nasogastric tube removal was 6 days (range 3–15 days). Median length of hospital stay was 10 days (range 3–51). Mean PSS-Normalcy of Diet (NOD) score at point of hospital discharge was 36.55 (95% CI 30.9–42.2). Flap failure was noted in 3% (n = 1). The adoption of an early oral feeding protocol suggests that there is the potential for a shorter hospital stay and earlier swallowing rehabilitation.
The gift that keeps on giving: corporate giving and excessive risk-taking
Authors: Boland Colleen M. , Ewelt-Knauer Corinna , Schneider Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCorporations have recently started incorporating employees’ prosocial preferences into their incentive schemes, including charitable donations (corporate giving). These donations are mainly discussed in conjunction with theexternaleffects of a firm’s CSR strategy. However, this experiment examines the effect of donations oninternalfirm operations. Specifically, we investigatewhetherthepresenceandstructureof corporate giving influences employees’ excessive risk-taking. Such prosocial activities may remediate misaligned incentives often cited as drivers for employees to take excessive risks. Contrary to widespread practice, our experimental evidence suggests that firms could constrain employees' excessive risk-taking by linking existing contributions to project rather than corporate performance, thus providing boundaries around an employee’s involvement in CSR initiatives. We identify project-level giving as an unexplored CSR benefit and infer thatpersonal responsibilityeffectively changes an employee’s incentive package. Our findings suggest an inverted U-shape curve of effectiveness.
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): Traditional and Present Use, and Future Potential
Authors: Korpelainen Helena , Pietiläinen Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHop (Humulus lupulus L.): Traditional and Present Use, and Future Potential. Hop (Humulus lupulus) is best known for its use in beer brewing owing to its bittering flavor and floral aroma. Today, the brewing industry uses as much as 98% of the produced hop crop worldwide. However, there are many other uses, some of them known since prehistoric times. Hops, the cone–like female structures called strobili, are the most frequently used part of the hop plant, but other tissues are of interest as well. The present review compiles existing knowledge of the chemical and pharmacological properties, traditional and present uses and further use potential, genetic resources, and breeding attempts in H. lupulus, and discusses climate change challenges to hop production. It contains hundreds of phytochemicals, and some of the secondary metabolites have definite potential pharmacological and medicinal value, but further investigations are desirable. Hop substances are potential alternatives, e.g., in antimicrobial, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and hormone replacement therapy treatments, as well as insecticides, preservatives, and fragrances. There are presently a few hundred cultivated hop varieties, and new cultivars are being developed and tested. Future hop breeding efforts with different quality and adaptation targets can utilize existing genetic resources, such as wild populations and landraces present in many regions.
Olivier’s theorem: ideal convergence, algebrability and Borel classification
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Gła̧b Szymon , Widz Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe classical Olivier’s theorem says that for any nonincreasing summable sequence (a(n)) the sequence (na(n)) tends to zero. This result was generalized by many authors. We propose its further generalization which implies known results. Next we consider the subset $${\mathcal {AOS}}$$
AOS
of $$ \ell _{1} $$

ℓ
1

consisting of sequences for which the assertion of Olivier’s theorem is false. We study how large and good algebraic structures are contained in $${\mathcal {AOS}}$$
AOS
and its subsets; this kind of study is known as lineability. Finally we show that $${\mathcal {AOS}}$$
AOS
is a residual $$ \mathcal {G}_{\delta \sigma } $$

G

δ
σ

but not an $$ {\mathcal {F}}_{\sigma \delta } \text {-set} $$

F

σ
δ

-set

.
Comprehensive microstructural and optical characterization of the thermal stability of aluminum-titanium oxynitride thin films after high temperature annealing in air
Authors: Escobar-Galindo R. , Heras I. , Guillén E. , Munnik F. , Azkona I. , Krause M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe thermal stability of two AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) layers prepared by cathodic vacuum arc deposition with different oxygen content was studied after high temperature annealing of the samples in air. These layers were designed to be part of solar-selective coating (SSC) stacks. Compositional and microstructural characterization of the thin films was performed before and after the thermal treatment by elastic recoil detection (ERD), transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. AlyTi1-yN sample was stable after 2 h of annealing at 450 °C. Initial stages of the formation of a surface oxide layer after annealing at 650 °C were observed both by ERD and Raman analysis. Contrarily, no changes were found after 2 h annealing treatment either at 450 and 650 °C in the composition and microstructure of AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) sample. In both samples, the formation of a surface anatase TiO2 film was reported after 2 h annealing at 800 °C. These compositional and microstructural changes were correlated with the optical properties determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. A transition from metallic to dielectric behavior with increasing annealing temperature was observed. These results complete the durability studies on the designed SSC based on AlyTi1-y(OxN1-x) materials, confirming that these stacks withstand breakdown at 600 °C in air.
Watching, being watched, and human interactions: evidence from trust games
Authors: Yageta Kiyotaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFace-to-face communication increases human trust, which is crucial for making important decisions with others. Due to technological breakthroughs and the COVID-19 pandemic, human interactions now predominantly occur online, leading to two situations: other peoples’ faces cannot be seen, but yours can, and vice versa. However, the relationships among watching, being watched, and face-to-face interaction are unclear in existing papers. This paper separately measures the effects of both watching and being watched on human interactions using a trust game. I derive the optimal behaviors of senders and receivers in the trust game and empirically validate it through a controlled experiment. The results show that more than half of the participants perform the optimal behavior. They also indicate that both watching and being watched enhance human trust and reciprocity, while the synergy effect of face-to-face is not observed. Additionally, women reciprocate more when they are watched, and trust increases when participants are paired with the opposite gender and can watch their partner. This paper theoretically concludes that the former comes from women’s social pressure that they should be reciprocators, and the latter from participants’ beliefs that the opposite gender reciprocates more than the same gender does. These results propose a framework based on watching and being watched affecting human behaviors and emphasize the importance of face-to-face communication in online human interactions.
Analysis of CO2 kinetics in Na,Cs-Rho crystals using the zero length column: a case study for slow systems
Authors: Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperimental measurements of systems with slow gas transport kinetics are generally considered a relatively easier task when compared to the challenges of measurements of very fast systems. On the other hand, when the transport process goes towards time constants of the order of several hours, not only the measurements, but also the analysis and interpretation of the data offer challenges which make the assessment of the correct time constant of the process non trivial. In this work we used the measurements of CO2 diffusion in Na,Cs-Rho crystals, carried out using the zero length column (ZLC) technique, as a case study for the use of the technique for very slow adsorption processes. The system, which has a time constant of the order of 8 h, shows the importance of using the partial loading approach for the determination of an unambiguous time constant from the analysis of the ZLC desorption curves. The traditional analysis is refined by using the nonlinear ZLC model to take into account the isotherm nonlinearity that results in a concentration dependent diffusivity. Finally, the method proposed by Cavalcante is used to confirm the 3-D diffusion path of the system.
Conjuring Hands: The Art of Curious Women of Color
Authors: wilson gloria j. , Acuff Joni Boyd , López Vanessa 
Published: September 2021

The verb “to conjure” is a complex one, for it includes in its standard definition a great range of possible actions or operations, not all of them equivalent, or even compatible. In its most common usage, “to conjure” means to perform an act of magic or to invoke a supernatural force, by casting a spell, say, or performing a particular ritual or rite. But “to conjure” is also to influence, to beg, to command or constrain, to charm, to bewitch, to move or convey, to imagine, to visualize, to call to mind, or to remember. —Rachael DeLue 2012, para 1.When we create with our Brown hands, feminine energy, and full spirits, we conjure. To exist, survive, and thrive in these bodies is a continuous act of conjuring. Our walks conjure. Our smiles conjure. Our tears conjure. Our laughs conjure. Our words conjure. Our artworks are conjurings. We, a Black/Filipina-American woman, a Dominican-American, and a Black-American woman, are guided by our solidarity with one another and all other Black and Brown female identifying persons whose raced and gendered subjectivities exist both inside and outside of colonization, white supremacy, and patriarchy. We bring to life our colored imaginations and curiosities, and share them with the world. We are united by our need for safety, autonomy as beings, dissolution of trauma, and desire to ask, “What would happen if I…?” Imaginative, curious Women of Color (WoC) founded the underground railroad, guided captured Africans and Tainos to the mountains, ignited the Civil Rights Movement, organized laborers and immigrants, birthed the #BlackLivesMatter Movement, conceived the #MeToo Movement, and so much more. Like our kindred counterparts, we have an unrelenting urge to examine, question, wonder, desire, speak to, lead, be curious, and “conjure.” As practicing artists and art educators, our critical arts-based practices are grounded in intersectional feminisms like Womanism, Black Feminist Theory, and Chicana Feminist Theory, which allow us to do these very things.