bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY AMONG ADULT PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE SURGERY AT RANYA GENERAL HOSPITAL /KURDISTAN-IRAQ
Authors: Hamad Shewan , Amen Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

Background
Background: Surgical operations are among the factors that cause anxiety. Therefore, assessment of preoperative anxiety for scheduled surgical operations is necessary because it enhances surgical outcomes and patient’s satisfaction.
Objectives
To find out the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and its association with socio-demographic characteristics of the study sample who undergoing elective surgery.
Patients and methods
One hundred four patients who underwent elective surgery at Ranya general hospital recruited to present a descriptive study through convenience sample technic. The data collected by a direct interview and through the questionnaire included patient’s socio-demographic characteristics and the state and trait anxiety inventory measurement scale (Form Y-1) was used to assess preoperative anxiety. The patients’ verbal consent was obtained and the study approved by the ethical committee at the College of the Medicine/ University of Sulaimani. The data were analyzed by descriptive and interferential statistics with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version (24.0).
Results
The age of more than half (52.9%) was <40 years, the majority were female (71%), married (82%), who reported barely sufficient financially was (65.4%) and more than half were low educated. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety was high (59.6%), preoperative anxiety significantly associated with participants’ age, gender, marital status and levels of education, p <0.05.
Conclusion
In the present study the prevalence of preoperative anxiety was high (more than half). Young, female, unmarried and less-educated found to be statistically significant for preoperative anxiety. Psychological preparation and providing the proper information regarding the operation procedure may help in reducing preoperative anxiety.
OPPORTUNISTIC SCREENING FOR UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES MELLITUS AND PRE-DIABETES IN SULAIMANI CITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS
Authors: Rasheed Shelan , Ramzi Zhian , Mahwi Taha 
Published: June 2021

Background
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide, and is one of the major global risks for mortality, especially due to cardiovascular diseases. Pre-diabetes is a transitional stage between normal and diabetes, it is thus important to identify people in the pre-diabetic state early by active screening to prevent its micro-and macrovascular complications.
Objectives
This study aimed to find out the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes Mellitus among adults in Sulaimani City, and its associated risk factors
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Primary Health Care Centers in Sulaimani City from which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 23 July to 20 December 2019. Data were gathered through direct interviews with the participants. The questionnaire includes demographic characteristics and risk factors. Participants were subjected to random blood glucose assessments. Those random blood glucose >140mg/dl were subjected to further confirmatory tests of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile. SPSS was used to measure means; Chi-square and logistic regression were used when indicated to be significant at p-value ≤ 0.05.
Results
A total of 1300 participants 30 years and above were studied, Mean age (SD) of the participants was 46.2 ±10.7years. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes was 3.8%, and 2.6% respectively. The significant risk factors of diabetes were age, family history of diabetes, both overweight and obesity, fruit intake of more than five serving per week, hypertension, and lipid abnormality (p<0.05)
Conclusion
The prevalence rate of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes is at a moderate level. Age more than 40 years, history of hypertension, were strong predictors for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes, also hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were positively correlated with hyperglycemia.
Calcareous nannobiostratigraphy of the Hartha Formation, East Baghdad well No.6, Central Iraq
Authors: Al-Badrani Omar , Al-Khashab Sanad , Al-Shareefi Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

Fifteen samples of Limestone from the Hartha Formation were obtained from East Baghdad well No.6, Central Iraq, from the depth (2247-2261 meter) about 14 meters thickness. Detail investigation was carried out, from which fifteen species of calcareous nannofossils identified; eleven were descried from other regions and four were left under an open name because of lack of material or rare of samples. The recorded calcareous nannofossil assemblages recognized two biozones these from the lower to the upper part of the section: 1 - Eiffellithus eximius Interval Zone (CC19) part 2- Ceratolithoides aculeus Interval Zone (CC20) part These biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from both local and regional sections that lead to conclude the age of the Middle Campanian.
Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and ZEB1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Novikova I. A. , Kit O. I. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and ZEB1 in patients with stage II-IV colorectal cancer (CRC).Materials and methods. The study included operational material obtained from 299 patients aged 42–86 years (mean age 64.2±1.7 years) with stage II-IV CRC treated at National Medical Research Centre for Oncology in 2013-2017. Stage II CRC (T3-4 N0 M0 ) was diagnosed in 110 patients, stage III (T1-4 N1-2 M0 ) – in 88 patients, stage IV (T1-4 N0-2 M1 ) – in 101 patients. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies to ZEB1 (Biorbyt Ltd., UK) and mouse monoclonal antibodies to E-cadherin (Diagnostic BioSystems, USA) were used for an IHC analysis. The intensity and degree of tumor cell staining, percentage of stained tumor cells in the sample and the number of patients with positive and negative marker expression were determined. Groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Pearson's chi-square test.Results. Positive expression of E-cadherin was found in 64.5 % (193 of 299 patients), ZEB1 – in 80.6 % (241 of 299 patients). The number of patients with E-cadherin-positive tumors statistically significantly decreased (χ2 =15.888 at p<0.001) from stage II to stage IV, while for ZEB1, on the contrary, it statistically significantly increased (χ2 =43.912 at p><0.001) from stage II to stage IV. The mean values of expression in positively stained cells were: in stage II – E-cadherin 55.3±6.8 %, ZEB1 43.0±5.9 %; in stage III – E-cadherin 38.4±5.8 %, ZEB1 77.0±5.5 %; in stage IV – E-cadherin 14.7±4.7 %, ZEB1 76.9±3.5 %. Significant differences were observed between the mean values of ZEB1 expression in stages III and IV compared to stage II, as well as between the mean values of E-cadherin expression in stages II and III compared to stage IV (p><0.05). No significant differences were found in the mean values of ZEB1 and E-cadherin expression in stages III and IV, II and III respectively.Conclusions. The study demonstrated statistically significant relationship between tumor stages and expression of E-cadherin and ZEB1 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The loss of the E-cadherin expression in tumor cells of patients from stage II to stage IV and increased expression of ZEB1 in the studied groups were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Pregravidary preparation
Authors: Podilyakina Yu. S. , Kulov D. V. , Amirbekova Zh. T. 
Published: June 2021

Preconception care is an essential component of promoting maternal and child health at the national and international levels. The term “preconception care” is found both in various recommendations of the World Health Organization and in practical recommendations for the protection of maternal and child health. Although programs and guidelines may differ depending on local needs (endemic diseases, financial security, educational level of the population, etc.), the general concept of preconception care is present in developing and developed countries within different health systems and does not depend on political, cultural or religious beliefs. In addition, the history of incorporating various preconception strategies and ideologies into international maternal and child health programs and policies spans nearly 30 years, demonstrating the long-term recognition of the relative importance of this approach as a means of optimizing pregnancy outcomes. However, at present there is a large proportion of women who do not know about the importance of preparing for pregnancy.The purpose of this review was to study international experience in the implementation of preconception care in the practice of practical health care professionals. The main tools were highlighted – motivated counseling and reflective practice. Since the United States of America is the world health leader in improving pregnancy outcomes, the information sources were selected from PubMed and the Centers for Disease Control. This review provides evidence of the importance of motivated counseling, identifies the main stages of establishing a trusting relationship between a doctor and a woman or a married couple.Conclusions. Correct pregravid behavior will improve the demographic indicators of the country, however, systematic work is needed with regard to the social responsibility of married couples and the interest of medical personnel in high-quality motivated counseling.
Impact of tinnitus on quality of life: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Tinnitus is a poorly understood disorder in medicine. Tinnitus is an auditory perception of the sound in the ear or head in the absence of the external or internal stimuli. It is a common medical symptom which can be debilitating to all age group although frequently associated with elderly individuals. Tinnitus may be associated with lower health related quality of life (HRQoL). Tinnitus is a disturbing otological symptoms and often associated with hearing loss. The risk factors for tinnitus are hearing loss, ototoxicity, head injury and depression. It poses a challenge to the quality of the life. Tinnitus is a symptom which can be associated with various diseases of the external, middle or inner ear, brain stem and cerebral cortex. Tinnitus is frequently seen clinical finding and its adversity affects the quality of life in relatively small proportions of the individuals. The quality of the life is often affected in terms of psychological or emotional effects, sleep disturbance, auditory and health effects. Tinnitus can be debilitating to the sufferers. The quality of the life is often affected in terms of psychological or emotional effects, sleep disturbance, auditory and health effects. Hearing assessment and evaluation of quality of life should be advocated in routine assessment of the tinnitus patients. The objective of this study was to discuss the impact of tinnitus on quality of life.
A case of subtrochanteric femur fracture nonunion with failed implant in situ treated with exchange nailing using interlock nail and autologous bone grafting: a case report
Authors: Mahajan Neetin P. , Kondewar Pranay , Gadod Lalkar , Sadar Amey , Atal Shubham 
Published: June 2021

<p class="abstract">Subtrochanteric femur fracture accounts for 25% of all hip fracture and may land up in non-union due to the inadequate reduction and fixation tech, local muscle pull over fragments, biomechanical stress in subtrochanteric region and soft tissue interposition etc., non-union are managed with various choices of implants like exchange nailing , angle blade plate , dynamic condylar screw, augmentation of previous hardware with plate and by providing biological environments at fracture site using bone graft. Strict adherence to principles of providing stability to fracture and providing environment for bony growth gives good clinical outcome. A 52 years old male with subtrochanteric femur fracture was operated with long PFN, later presented to us after 18 months with failure of the hardware and atrophic non-union manifesting as pain during walking and limping. Patient was operated with removal of implant and exchange nailing using femur interlock nail and autologous bone grafting from iliac crest graft. 1 year follow up showed complete bony union and abundant of callus formation. Patient is currently doing all the daily activities and have no complaints at present. At 1 year follow up there is complete union at non-union site and good clinical outcome is achieved. Exchange nailing with interlock nail and autologous bone grafting for treatment of atrophic non-union of subtrochanteric femur fractures gives good clinical outcome.</p>
PROMOTING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN AN ESL CONTEXT IN PAKISTANI UNIVERSITIES: A TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shahzad Asma Kashif , Imtiaz Akifa , Asgher Tahira 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The present research aims to study the effectiveness of using learner autonomy in English language classrooms at the university level from teachers' perspectives. The study seeks to determine what roles can be performed by the language teachers while fostering learner autonomy at the university level.
Methodology: The study is descriptive and qualitative. The data has been collected with the help of a structured interview. The researchers prepared a list of questions to collect data from the interviews with 19 ESL teachers. The respondents are from the five universities of South Punjab. The interviews are recorded and transcribed and further analysed in terms of thematic categories discussed with the teachers.
Main findings: The research explores a great deal of awareness of the concept of learner autonomy among university teachers, which they use indirectly or directly in their classroom teaching. The teachers discuss many roles they can perform to develop and use autonomy in the English language classroom. They express that practising autonomous learning in an ESL context could result in learning the English language more naturally and effectively.
Application of this study: The present study contributes to using and developing learner autonomy in an ESL context. It would be an inspiration to research and explore more avenues of systematic inquiry in the field it deals with. The pedagogical implication of the study is that it would help ESL teachers practice the concept in their classroom teaching effectively.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Most of the studies found in the field of learner autonomy are learner-centered. our research explores the phenomenon from the viewpoint of language teachers. The study focuses on the effectiveness of learner autonomy perceived by the teachers. It further records the teachers' opinions about what role(s) they can perform to practice it in the classroom.
TEACHERS' CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AS A PREDICTOR OF TEACHING PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI CONTEXT
Authors: Ali Muhammad Shabbir , Siddique Muhammad , Siddique Ahsaan , Abbas Muhammad , Ali Saba 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The current study investigated the correlation between teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance at the primary level in the Lahore division of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Methodology: Researchers structured the descriptive and quantitative research, directed the positivistic paradigm, and obeyed the correlational design. The sample was selected on a random sampling technique named multi-stage sampling. Two hundred ninety subjects comprising male and female were selected from primary school. Two closed-ended tools were applied to collect the data. Both research instruments were pilot tested to ensure validity and reliability. Inferential statistical analysis techniques such as Pearson r, regression analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were run for data analysis.
Principal Findings: The results revealed a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance.
Applications of this study: The current study is helpful in how teaching performance can be enhanced at the primary level in the Lahore division of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: for the first time, the association between organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance at the primary level is examined in an emerging country like Pakistan.
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS' PERSPECTIVES ABOUT EFFECTIVENESS OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Azeem Asmaa , Faiz Zikra , Siddique Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Shabbir , Warraich Waqar Younas 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the Study: This research aimed to ascertain school psychologists' thoughts on the efficacy of behavioral treatment for kids with ADHD.
Methodology: This research used a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews with chosen school psychologists were performed using a standard qualitative research approach. A purposive selection strategy was used to select a sample of fifteen school psychologists from Lahore for this Study. An interview guide comprised of 10 open-ended questions was designed based on the topics found in the literature research.
Principal Findings: The majority of participants believed in the efficacy of counseling via behavior therapy for kids with ADHD, particularly in terms of screening, diagnosis, and intervention techniques. Additionally, they thought that without this, parents would be unable to modify the child's behavior. Additionally, they felt that using various treatments might minimize the child's hyperactivity and foster socializing and intellectual and social abilities.
Applications of this Study: This research advises that school psychologists conduct seminars to raise knowledge about ADHD counseling efficacy. School psychologists must be employed in public and private special schools to collaborate with all stakeholders to guarantee adequate assistance for children with ADHD.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This is the first Study examining the school psychologists' thoughts on the efficacy of behavioral treatment for kids with ADHD in developing economies like Pakistan for the first time.
Exploring the Application of Interpretive Description in Chronic Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Marrocco Anna M. , El-Masri Maher M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and PurposeChronic illness is a complex condition that affects over one billion people. To develop a deeper insight of the needs of this patient population, interpretive description uses disciplinary knowledge as the source of understanding. This methodology is a pragmatic approach to research without focusing on a strict methodological directive. The aims of this scoping review are twofold, (a) to describe the findings of studies that have used Thorne's interpretive description to research chronic illness and (b) to discuss the application of interpretive description in clinical research. Thereby, showing interpretive description as a valuable tool to advance nursing knowledge and patient care.MethodsThe methodological framework for this review was based on the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews.ResultsTo develop an understanding of interpretive description, it is essential to examine the results of studies which have applied the methodology. Our scoping review showed that researchers utilizing interpretive description identified four common challenges experienced by individuals living with chronic illness: symptom management, education and knowledge, supportive care, and cultural disadvantages. By demonstrating how interpretive description is applied, it shows how it can be used to understand and interpret clinical phenomena to improve practice.Implication for PracticeThis scoping review demonstrates how interpretive description was used to develop knowledge about chronic illness. The premise of interpretive description is that disciplinary knowledge offers a sufficient foundation to develop meaningful research to support health practices. By approaching research from a disciplinary perspective, new knowledge can be discovered to complex health problems.
Gross Trunnion Failure of a Type 1 Taper After Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Pagani Nicholas R. , LeRoy Taryn E. , Menendez Mariano E. , Stoker Geoffrey E. , Lococo Daniel V. , Nairus James G. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We describe 2 cases of gross trunnion failure (GTF) in males with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class 3 obesity 10 years after metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a titanium-alloy femoral stem and Type 1 taper. One patient received a large diameter cobalt-chromium femoral head, whereas the other received a smaller diameter head, both with high-offset femoral stems.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of GTF involving the Echo Bi-Metric femoral stem after metal-on-polyethylene THA, and surgeons should consider the potential complication of GTF when using this specific femoral stem with metal heads in obese male patients.
Disrupted fronto-temporal function in panic disorder: a resting-state connectome study
Authors: Wu Yun , Zhong Yuan , Zheng Gang , Liu Ya , Pang Manlong , Xu Huazhen , Ding Huachen , Wang Chun , Zhang Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have identified altered activations and connectivity among many brain regions as potential biomarkers for panic disorder. However, little was known about how topological properties would change in panic disorder. Therefore, a graph-theoretical approach was applied in this study to construct functional networks of patients and healthy controls to discover topological changes in panic disorder. 31 patients and 33 matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain network of each participant was structured using the Anatomical Automatic Labeling template as nodes and connectivity matrixes as edges. Then, topological organizations of networks were calculated. Network-based statistic analysis was conducted and global and nodal properties were compared between patients and controls. Patients with panic disorder showed small-world attribute, which was lower than that in controls. Patients revealed decreased nodal efficiency in superior and middle frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Decreased functional connectivity was found in panic disorder between right middle temporal gyrus and extensive temporal regions. Results indicated decreased function of global and regional information transmission in panic disorder, highlighted the disrupted “top-down” processing in fronto-temporal regions and emphasized the role of temporal regions in the pathology of panic disorder.