bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Sapropel-Based Organomineral Fertilizers from the Mixed Acids Spent in Producing Nitrocellulose
Authors: Fazullin R Kh , Fazullina A A , Khalitov R A , Khuziakhmetov R Kh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Basic nitrocellulose wastes are spent mixed acids. Neutralizing them with potassium hydroxide and/or ammonia, or ammonia water produces nitrogen or nitrogen-potash mineral fertilizers sought after in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. However, using a crystalline fertilizer leads to some difficulties with transporting, storing, or applying them to the fields. Granulation is the preferable solution aimed at reducing the caking ability and uniformly dosing the fertilizers. This present study is aimed at granulating mineral nitrogen and nitrogen-potash fertilizers mixed with lake sapropel in different proportions. Sapropel is a natural binder in the mixture, it is also a source of organic and additional mineral substances, and it reinforces mineral fertilizers. Technology used to manufacture granulated organomineral fertilizers includes neutralizing the mixed acids spent in producing nitrocellulose, mixing with sapropel in given proportions, followed by granulating the obtained mixture on a screw granulator. In terms of containing In terms of nutrients contained in them, the most optimal is the mass relation of mineral fertilizer: sapropel in a mixture as 70-80 : 20-30, while in case of using the fertilizer as an ameliorant, it should be 10-20 : 80-90. Different component proportions in the mixture were considered.
The use of digital twin in the industrial sector
Authors: Rozhok A P , Zykova K I , Suschev S P , Revetria R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses one of the most active areas of production digitalization, capable of reducing the risks of environmental pollution - a solution for the virtual representation of the real static and dynamic characteristics of a technological system, briefly called “Digital Twin”. The concept and classification of Digital Twin are described. The application of Digital Twins is also considered, starting with the analysis of the work of smart products in real operating conditions and ending with the creation of a fully digital robot factory.
Integrated sulfide alkali wastewater treatment using spent galvanic solutions
Authors: Savelyev S N , Savelyeva A V , Anamova R R , Fridland S V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We identified the efficiency of spent Ni2+-containing galvanic solutions for removing sulfide ions from sulfide alkali wastewater. It was found that the removal of sulfide ions led to achieving 89.7 % of purification degree by the chemical oxygen demand value. We also studied how various concentrations of nickel (II) and copper (II) ions affect the oxidation intensity of pollutants in mixed wastewater with ambient oxygen and with ozone-air mixture. Optimal conditions were identified for cleaning sulfide alkali wastewater from hydrocarbons: Oxidation of organic components by ozone-air mixture for 30 minutes, containing 300 mg/dm3 of nickel (II) ions; implementing such conditions resulted in the greatest reduction of the chemical oxygen demand value (down to 798 mg of O/dm3. A comprehensive method for the purification of sulfur-alkaline wastewater is proposed, which includes the stages of removing readily volatile hydrocarbons by simple distillation, sulfide ions by reagent deposition using spent Ni2+-containing galvanic solutions, and soluble hydrocarbons by oxidation of ozone-air mixture with adding 300 mg/dm3 of nickel (II) ions contained in galvanic wastewater. Implementation of this technique led to achieving 96% of the wastewater purification degree by the chemical oxygen demand value, which allows discharging wastewater into biological treatment.
Development of organobentonite based on bentonite clay for the purpose of disposing of oil spills on water bodies
Authors: Skvortsov A V , Islamova G G , Ryazanova A S , Sayakhov R I , Mishagin K A , Tverdov I D , Khayrullina Z Z , Khatsrinova Y A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Today, oil spill response is an urgent problem for oil-producing countries. This paper researches the elimination of oil pollution using organomineral sorbents. The authors present a scheme for obtaining sorbents based on natural bentonite clays by modifying with a quaternary ammonium salt. Two variants of modification of natural bentonites have been studied: with preliminary Na2CO3 treatment to convert the main component of bentonite into the sodium form and without preliminary treatment. The obtained organobentonites have high sorption and hydrophilic properties. The sorbent obtained from natural bentonite with preliminary treatment with Na2CO3 has better properties in comparison with the sorbent without preliminary treatment. The authors also demonstrated the ability of the obtained organobentonites for oil sorption. Organobentonites upon contact with oil films on the water surface form dense agglomerates that can be easily removed mechanically.
Historical and cultural heritage of the Atyrau region as tourism development resource
Authors: Akhmedenov K , Sdykov M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Kazakhstan, including Atyrau region, is becoming a popular tourist destination due to its natural heritage, archaeological, historical and religious sites. This valuable natural and historical-cultural heritage, revealing the culture and history of the Kazakhs between the 16th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, is an important part of our tourism industry. Archaeological and historical tourism in the region, as part of the larger tourism industry, can make a major contribution to the total income from tourism. The attractiveness of the region among tourists is largely due to the resources available on its territory. The region favorably combines favorable geographical position, preserved natural potential and rich cultural and historical heritage. This is a unique combination of historical and natural wealth; create a good basis and perspective for the development of modern forms of tourism. There are collections of historical and cultural monuments in the region, but these data are scattered, fragmented. In these conditions, to determine its regional specificity and prospects for use, we have created an interactive map of the 50 most significant monuments to demonstrate the cultural and historical potential of the Atyrau region.
Rural settlement in the steppe zone of Russia in the post-Soviet period: adaptation to the current challenges
Authors: Akhmetov R , Sviatokha N , Filimonova I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The rural population and settlement in Russia’s steppe zone, as on the territory of the country on the whole, continually is transformed. This transformation hastened and obtained new features in the post-Soviet period; it became more complex and heterogeneous. Based on the statistical analysis and GIS-technologies, in the paper, we attempted to reveal central tendencies and specifics of the rural population’s temporal and spatial dynamics in the steppe zone during the three post-Soviet decades of the country’s development. The authors detected a shift of the rural population of the country to the west and south-west. The process of territorial compression leads to a concentration of people in areas with a higher potential for effective development. The main area of the rural population increase and the amount of the rural settlements are North Caucasus. Significant areas of the rural population decline are located in territories less provided by agroclimatic resources in the European part of the steppe zone and its Asian part. Understanding total tendencies and territorial peculiarities of the rural population dynamics and settlement allows forecasting these processes and considering them in the frame of territorial planning and socio-economic development in regions in conditions of the current challenges.
To the study of the nesting cycle of yellow wagtail within the Steppe Research Station “Orenburg Tarpania”
Authors: Artemyeva E A , Grudinin D A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Peculiarities of the nesting cycle of Motacilla flava beema Sykes, 1832 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) within Steppe Research Station “Orenburg Tarpania” are considered in conditions of protected, fallow and pasturable lands in Orenburg region. The role of mutually-useful relations between yellow wagtails and ungulate mammals in steppe communities is underlined. According to preliminary results, we can suppose that the state of the population of model species of yellow wagtail depends on the presence and density of ungulate mammals in the nesting plot. The development of new habitats by M. f. beema is connected with the movement to the south-west of principal vegetation communities and food items of several species of yellow wagtails that, in its turn, are conditioned by climate aridization in the steppe and forest-steppe within Russia and adjacent countries.
Status of local populations of protected species Psephellus marschallianus (Asteraceae) in the Stavropol region
Authors: Arutyanova L , Ogandzhanian A , Shilnikov D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Psephellus marschallianus is distributed in the steppe zone of Eastern Europe, in the North Caucasus only in the Stavropol region. This species has a narrow ecological affinity and can disappear when overgrown with stony substrates. Therefore, the work aimed at studying the state of local populations of P. marschallianus is of scientific interest and is relevant. Field studies were conducted according to the methods recommended for the study of rare species. Geobotanical descriptions are made according to generally accepted methods. The area, number and density of individuals were determined, and the ontogenetic structure was studied, which allowed us to characterize the state and prospects for the development of Psephellus marschallianus populations. For the first time, the state of the species was assessed according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The condition and structure of 5 local populyations of Psephellus marschallianus (ASTERACEAE), a protected species in the Stavropol Krai, has been studied. The area of the local populyations, number and density of individuals are determined, the ontogenetic structure, allowing to characterize a condition and the prospects of development of populyations of Psephellus marschallianus is studied. For the first time, an assessment of the condition of the species according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is given.
Brief analysis of the vegetation cover native to the Russian Caucasus
Authors: Astamirova M A-M , Taysumov M A , Umarov M U , Baybatyrova E R , Magomadova R S , Abdurzakova A S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the vegetation cover within the Russian Caucasus. The natural belts present on this territory are listed-steppe, forest, oeroxerophyte belt, subalpine, alpine. A brief description of each of them is given-distribution over altitude levels and different territories (subjects) of the North Caucasus, distinctive features of vegetation cover, plant communities and groupings along altitudinal belts and in the longitudinal direction. Typical representatives of the flora of the territories under consideration are listed, among which relics, endemics, economically useful and rare species are widely represented. The materials of the article can be taken into account when monitoring the state of the populations of these species and the vegetation cover in general in the subjects of the North Caucasus.
Steppe-runner Eremias arguta (Reptilia: Lacertidae): new encounters at the northern boundary of range in the Trans-Volga region
Authors: Bakiev A G , Gorelov R A , Klenina A A , Velmovsky P V , Kalmykova O G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The information about the northern range boundary of the steppe-runner Eremias arguta (Pallas, 1773) has changed in recent decades. Based on the reliable recordins in 2001-2020 from 12 locations the northern range boundary between Volga and Ural was specified. It runs through the Engelsky District of the Saratov Region, through the Stavropolsky, Kinelsky, Bogatovsky and Borsky Districts of the Samara Region, through the Buzuluksky and Tashlinsky Districts of the Orenburg Region of Russia. The northern limit of the range should be considered the Volga above-floodplain slope in the left-bank part of the Stavropolsky district in Samara region. All specimens encountered had body coloration typical of Eremias arguta deserti (Gmelin, 1789). The locations of steppe-runner are confined to open spaces treeless and without a dense herbaceous vegetation on the southern sandy slopes.
Precipitation and yield of spring wheat in the semiarid zone of Orenburg Cis-Urals
Authors: Bakirov F , Vasilyeva T , Vasilyev I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spring wheat is produced in Orenburg Cis-Urals in conditions of moisture deficiency. Among 69 years studied (1951-2019), 16 turned out to be dry, 25-arid, with a total precipitation of less than 380 mm. In terms of precipitation during the growing season 50 years were dry and arid, a total was less than 130 mm. According to the annual amount of precipitation, a cyclicality was established with alternation of two humid decades with one dry one. In support of the hypothesis, precipitation in the first half of the growing season of wheat is dominant, and the least in the second of all categories. Significant relationships were established between them and the yield, r = 0.814 and r = 0.574. Annual moisture resources have a weaker relationship with yield (r = 0.566) than precipitation during the growing season (r = 0.730). The surge in yield due to precipitation in the first half of the growing season of wheat is its response to the moistening of the upper soil layer during tillering and the formation of a secondary root system. Hence, the main requirement for the technology of growing spring wheat is to moisten the top 0-5 cm of the soil layer in the tillering phase to 17% of the mass of dry soil and above.
Actual problems of biodiversity conservation in the central Russian Plain forest-steppe
Authors: Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y , Shestakova A A , Birykova O V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the critical state and negative trends in the development of remained fragments of meadow steppe and upland oak forest ecosystems in the Nizhny Novgorod region, located in the center of the Russian Plain. The paper’s aim is to substantiate the activities required to conserve biological diversity on the northern border of the meadow steppes. It targets to assess the current state of endangered ecosystems of the forest-steppe zone of the region, to analyze their role in maintaining species diversity in the Nizhny Novgorod region, to substantiate approaches to the organization of nature management and territorial protection of the forest-steppe nature, ensuring the conservation of biodiversity. We provide the results of perennial surveys of meadow steppes and upland oak forests in 1982 – 2019, and analysis of these ecosystems as habitats for wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Meadow steppes on the northern border of distribution are shown to encompass currently only 0.36% of the former area. Furthermore the modern area of old-growth upland oak forests of the region comprises 0.3% of the former one of broad-leaved forests. We have discovered 33.3% of wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book to associate with the zonal ecosystems remaining in the Nizhny Novgorod forest-steppe; and argued the necessity of a comprehensive solution to the problem of biodiversity conservation in the forest-steppe zone as well. Territorial protection of rare wildlife species and remained fragments of zonal ecosystems should be combined with elements of restorative economic impact. A complete prohibition of economic activities in protected areas is not advisable. The need for special programs for the restoration of certain lost elements of the biological diversity of the forest-steppe is discussed.
Effects of the Russian-Kazakh frontier zone: Increased mortality of red-listed diurnal birds of prey on overhead power lines in the Orenburg Region frontier steppe
Authors: Barbazyuk E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The report focuses on rare diurnal birds of prey killed by electrocution on 6 – 10 kV hazardous overhead power lines in the Orenburg Region steppe, located in the extreme southeastern European part of the Russian Federation, on the border with Kazakhstan. Field surveys of power lines over a ten-year period indicated that 94% of rare diurnal birds of prey (steppe eagle, imperial eagle, long-legged buzzard, lesser kestrel, red-footed falcon) killed in the study area died from electrocution within a 50-km wide Russian-Kazakh frontier zone. Within that frontier area, 75% of birds died in a 25-km wide band. Statistically significant differences were found in the average values for dead birds in the distance ranges of 0 – 25 km, 25 – 50 km and > 50 km from the Russian-Kazakh border. The total number of killed birds also differed significantly among the marginal distance groups of 0 – 25 km and > 50 km. It is assumed that the increased concentration of birds of prey in the frontier zone is associated with better feeding conditions and reduced anthropogenic load, compared to other more developed and transformed areas in agricultural and technogenic terms. Complete insulation of power lines within at least the 25-km frontier zone would significantly reduce mortality of red-listed diurnal raptors on overhead power lines in the region.
An assessment of the potential effect of oil-and-gas 6 – 10 kV overhead power lines on bird mortality in the western Orenburg Region steppe
Authors: Barbazyuk E V , Myachina K V , Ryakhov R V , Dubrovskaya S A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper calculates a possible damage to avifauna during the oil and gas production in the western Orenburg Region steppe. Based on field data on bird mortality by electrocution at 6 – 10 kV overhead power lines in the study area (3.22 individuals/km), we calculated possible values of bird mortality within the model site of oil and gas fields with a broad road and electrical network. The total estimated number of dead birds reached 432.64 individuals at the power lines of the model site with a total length of 134.36 km, and the estimated amount of damage was 991560 rubles. Birds pertaining to the Corvids, Accipitrids, and Falcons perished most frequently at unsafe power lines. When oil and gas fields are located near specially protected natural areas or in the Russian-Kazakh border zone, the estimates of bird deaths at unsafe power lines are supposed to be closer to actual values.
The current and projected drought-caused loss of the spring wheat yield in the south of European Russia
Authors: Cherenkova E A , Zolotokrylin A N , Titkova T B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study focuses on the linkage between droughts at the beginning of the crop growing season and the yield of spring wheat in southern regions of European Russia. Its extrapolation into the future helps to analyze possible climatic risks in the spring wheat growing. It was found that moderate droughts from May to June, detected by using Standardized Precipitation Index data, in most cases have led to low yields. It was revealed that changes in the air moisture conditions in late spring and early summer in the period 1991-2018 compared with the previous thirty-year period were generally more favorable for the cultivation of spring wheat in most southern regions of European Russia. These positive changes were due to a decrease in the frequency of droughts. At the same time, a significant increase in the frequency of such droughts was observed in Samarskaya and Orenburgskaya oblasts, where the largest sown areas of spring wheat are situated. According to model projections of the future climate, similar changes in the air moisture conditions in the study area will generally remain favorable by the middle of the 21st century. Unfavorable regional forecasts associated with a possible increase in the frequency of droughts at the start of the crop growing season are predicted in Kuban, the east of the Volga region, and the north of the Lower Volga region and the southeast of the Central Black Earth region, in the North-Western Caspian Sea region.
The effectiveness of biological products in the steppe conditions of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Cheverdin A Yu , Sautkina M Yu , Cheverdin Yu I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the steppe conditions of the Central Chernozem region, the effectiveness of biologics based on associative microorganisms in the crops of spring barley and winter triticale was studied. The effectiveness of biological products was evaluated on two fertilization backgrounds: the natural background of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers) and pre-sowing nitrogen application at a dose of 30 kg / ha of the active substance. The studies carried out in the steppe conditions of the Central Forest District, with insufficient moisture supply, allowed us to establish a high responsiveness of cultivated plants to pre-sowing seed treatment with drug strains. In barley crops, mineral nitrogen contributed to an increase in productivity by 0.26 t/ha. Seed inoculation contributed to an increase in grain harvest by 0.31-.52 t/ha. The greatest increase in single application was provided by strains 7, 2P-7 and 204. Higher yield growth was observed in the binary application of strains 7, 30, 204 in combination with strain 8. The productivity of triticale in the conditions of the Central Processing Plant was higher than that of barley. Mineral nitrogen increased the yield of triticale by 0.33 t/ha. On a natural background, microbial strains increased grain harvest by 0.55 t/ha. The maximum effect was observed when inoculated with strain 18-5. The combined use of microbial strains with nitrogen fertilizer did not contribute to a further increase in the productivity of triticale.
The landscape – analog approach to optimization of steppe nature management
Authors: Chibilev A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The attempt to analyze morphological, genetic, and typological landscape-analogs in Steppe Eurasia enveloping the vast transcontinental space of Inner Eurasia from the Danube basin to the Amur River basin has been made for the first time in the paper. Despite considerable provincial differences of a latitudinal row of steppe and forest-steppe regions connected with a degree of climate continentality, geological-geomorphological peculiarities, high altitude of low-laying, elevated and upland plateau-like plains within the all steppe Eurasian space, thanks to the comparative-geographical method, we can define landscape-analogs of a different type that are distant from each other at thousands kilometers. Steppe landscapes of Eurasia have a long and rich history of economic development, having the standard features of zonal nature management, anisochronous in time for hundreds, sometimes thousands, years. Steppe nature management experience in different longitudinal sectors can be used to solve zonal ecological problems of which countries and regions of Steppe Eurasia have met.