bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediate Likelihood of Choledocholithiasis: Do All Need EUS or MRCP?
Authors: Jagtap Nitin , Karyampudi Arun , Yashavanth HS , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Kalapala Rakesh , Tandan Manu , Basha Jahangeer , Nabi Zaheer , Gupta Rajesh , Reddy DNageshwar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Recently updated guidelines for choledocholithiasis stratify suspected patients into high, intermediate, and low likelihood, with the aim to reduce risk of diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. This approach has increased proportion of patients in intermediate likelihood making it heterogenous. We aim to substratify intermediate group so that diagnostic tests (endoscopic ultrasound/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) are judicially used.
Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data. We used subset of patients who met intermediate likelihood of American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) criteria from previously published data (PMID:32106321) as derivation cohort. Binominal logistic regression analysis was used to define independent predictors of choledocholithiasis. A composite score was derived by allotting 1 point for presence of each independent predictor. The diagnostic performance of a composite score of ≥ 1 was evaluated in validation cohort.
Results A total of 678 (mean age [standard deviation]: 47.0 [15.9] years; 48.1% men) and 162 (mean age 47.8 [14.8] years; 47.4% men) patients in ASGE intermediate-likelihood group were included as derivation cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Binominal logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (p = 0.024; odds ratio [OR] = 1.92), raised bilirubin (p = 0.001; OR = 2.40), and acute calculus cholecystitis (p = 0.010; OR = 2.04) were independent predictors for choledocholithiasis. A composite score was derived by allotting 1 point for presence of independent predictors Using ≥ 1 as cutoff, sensitivity and specificity for detection of choledocholithiasis were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.2–88.9) and 36.2% (95% CI: 32.2–40.0), respectively, in derivation cohort. Applying composite score in independent validation cohort showed sensitivity and specificity of 73.3% (95% CI: 44.9–92.2) and 40.1% (95% CI: 30.1–48.5), respectively.
Conclusion Substratification of intermediate-likelihood group of ASGE criteria is feasible. It may be useful in deciding in whom confirmatory tests should be performed with priority and in whom watchful waiting may be sufficient.
Antioxidant Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Hulls of Campsiandra laurifolia in Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Wistar Rats
Authors: Souza Lucas Petitemberte de , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Fonseca Sandielly Rebeca Benitez da , Brasil Marilda da Silva , Marroni Norma Anair Possa , Ferraz Alexandre de Barros Falcão 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitis model, 24 male Wistar rats aged ± 60 days old were used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CO + A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL + A50). Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means ± standard error, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic compounds and tannins, and was related to high antioxidant capacity. In the histological analysis, the CL group presented loss of the crypts, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. The use of C. laurifolia extract restructured the crypts, decreased edema and increased sphincter anal pressure, with a decrease in LPO, SOD, and an increase in GSH. It is suggested that the use of C. laurifolia extract reduces OS due to its antioxidant power conferred by the phenolic compounds present in the extract.
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Loop Ileostomy Closure Procedures in a Reference Service in Coloproctology in Recife, Pernambuco
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Artur Souza de , Cavalcante Aline Ribeiro Teixeira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the morbidity and mortality related to the surgical procedure of loop ileostomy closure, in a reference service in coloproctology, as well as possible variables that may be related to a higher frequency of complications.
Methods A retrospective study evaluated 66 procedures of loop ileostomy closure, performed between December 2005 and December 2017, at the coloproctology service of Barão de Lucena Hospital, in Recife, Brazil.
Results There were complications in 20 (30.3%) patients, 11 of whom were classified as grade I (Clavien-Dindo), and 9 of whom were classified as grade II to V. In 7.6% of the cases, one or more surgical reassessments were required. Mortality was 1.5%. There was no statistical relevance in the correlation of the studied variables with the occurrence of complications.
Conclusion Loop ileostomy closure presents an important morbidity, reaching more than 30%, although mortality is low. The analyzed variables did not show significant statistics for a higher occurrence of complications.
Scenario of Elective Colorectal Oncology Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vicente Aline Celeghini Rosa , Marinho Mariana Souza , Silva Poliana Graciele de Souza , Molina Raissa Oliveira , Manzione Thiago da Silveira , Godoy Louisie Galantini Lana de , Formiga Fernanda Bellotti , Bin Fang Chia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world health scenario, causing numerous problems related to the overload of services. In this scenario, the approach to oncological diseases becomes a challenge, considering the risk of progression of cancer disease and death due to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Faced with this exceptional situation, coloproctology services have been forced to change their routine to adapt to the new reality, considering risks and benefits in the conduct of these patients. Thus, the experience of the coloproctology service at the Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic is described, evaluating the possibility of maintaining elective oncological surgeries through selection by directed anamnesis.
Method Retrospective cohort study with prospective collection comparing colorectal surgery for cancer before and during the pandemic from December 2019 to July 2020.
Results In total, 81 patients were included. During the pandemic, 41 patients were operated on with 2 perioperative contaminations by COVID-19. Both length of stay and complications were not different between groups.
Conclusion Since there was no increase in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in elective oncology surgeries with patients screened for guided anamnesis, it is worth considering this method for maintaining surgical procedures even in the event of a pandemic.
A Comparison of Arden Syntax and Clinical Quality Language as Knowledge Representation Formalisms for Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Soares Andrey , Jenders Robert A. , Harrison Robert , Schilling Lisa M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives This article presents a comparative study of two Health Level Seven International (HL7) standards for clinical knowledge representation, the Arden Syntax and the Clinical Quality Language (CQL), regarding their expressiveness and utility to represent knowledge for clinical decision support (CDS) systems.
Methods We compiled a concatenated set of features from both languages and made descriptive comparisons of 27 categories covering areas of language characteristics, data, control statements, and operators.
Results Both Arden and CQL have similar constructs that can be used for representing CDS knowledge but also have unique constructs that could support distinct use cases. They have constructs that fully or partially address several of the categories used in the comparison, except for data models and terminologies in Arden and event triggering and iteration statements in CQL.
Conclusion These standards can facilitate the sharing, management, and reuse of computable knowledge, and permit knowledge to be represented with their languages and converted to a machine-friendly executable code that can be shared and reused by other systems. Having support for standard data models and terminologies will continue to be a differential for adoption of a language. The HL7 working groups responsible for developing these standards can direct future development to enhance the functions of the standard and address the gaps identified in this study.
German in childhood and Latin in adolescence: On the bidialectal nature of lexical access in English
Authors: Hernandez Arturo E. , Ronderos Juliana , Bodet Jean Philippe , Claussenius-Kalman Hannah , Nguyen My V. H. , Bunta Ferenc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nature of word etymology, long a topic of interest in linguistics, has been considered to a much lesser extent in the word recognition literature. The present study created a database of overlapping words from the English Lexicon Project (ELP) and a database with the age of acquisition (AoA) norms which were categorized as either Germanic or Latin-based. Results revealed that Germanic words were learned earlier than Latin-based words. Germanic words also showed slower reaction times and higher accuracy relative to Latin-based words even when controlling for AoA, word frequency, and length. Additionally, analyses were conducted using a publicly available database that used the English Crowdsourcing Project (ECP) data with native and second language (L2) English speakers. The results with native speakers were similar to those collected with the ELP. However, nonnative speakers showed better accuracy and faster reaction times for Latin-based words compared to Germanic words. The findings support a bidialectal view of English in that Germanic words serve as the base of lexical processing during childhood, whereas Latin-based words fill in the lexical space across adolescence and into early adulthood. Furthermore, L2 speakers appear to acquire English via more advanced Latin-based vocabulary relative to native speakers. These results carry implications for theories of word recognition and the processing of lexical items in populations that come from linguistically diverse backgrounds.
An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Crusher Dust and Coarse Aggregate by Tile Waste in Concrete
Authors: Anandaraj S , Deepa N , Gobinath R , Krishnaraja A R , Harihanandh M , Gopinathan G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is a need to conserve the natural resources and prevention of environment for the future generation. The major problem arising in now a day is disposal of wastes from industries. In our project we have made an attempt to use the wastes generated in the construction field. By use of waste materials, the cost of construction could be reduced to a reasonable manner. We have made use of tiles as replacement material for coarse aggregate and crusher dust is used as alternative for sand. In this study we have partially replaced the fine aggregate by crusher dust at the percentage of 6 %, 12%, 18 %, 24% and have founded the optimum percentage of replacement and we have proceeded it by having a constant percentage alternative of sand with partial alternative of gravel by waste tiles at the percentage of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 for M20 concrete. A total number of 96 specimens were cast compression, tensile and flexural strength were founded. There by we conclude that the waste tiles and crusher dust could be used as alternative materials for sand and gravel in concrete. And we have found that the partial replacement of sand and gravel by 24% and 15% by crusher dust and waste tiles is optimum.
Analysis of liquation and solidification cracks in the electron beam welding of GTD-111 nickel-base superalloy joint
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Kashani-Bozorg Seyed Farshid , Alizadeh Ali , Beni Mohsen Heydari , Jam Jafar Eskandari , Khorram Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The weldability of GTD-111 superalloy by electron beam welding was studied, and the cracking evolution of solidification and liquation, as well as microstructural characteristics, were also investigated. The weld metal microstructure consisted mainly of the inter-dendritic phases of MC, γ-γ′ and γ′ nanoparticles, primarily responsible for the solidification crack in the weld metal. In addition to solidification cracks, the formation of liquation cracks in HAZ was an important challenge with electron beam welding. It was found that M5B3, γ-γ′, MC and γ′ phases leave formation during the increase of non-equilibrium temperature in HAZ, with the formation of partial liquation in the phase-matrix interface and absorption of shrinkage stresses due to welding cooling. Both solidification and liquation cracks decreased as the heat input increased due to the increase in beam current. This was attributed to the reduction of cooling stress and the increase of backfilling capacity.
Magnetohydrodynamic liquid metal droplet jetting of highly conductive electronic traces
Authors: Meda Manoj , Mehta Paarth , Mahajan Chaitanya , Kahn Bruce , Cormier Denis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic Jet Printing (MJP) is a novel additive manufacturing technique that offers tremendous promise for the fabrication of highly conductive electronic circuits with excellent adhesion on flexible substrates. MJP is an on-demand droplet jetting process in which the fluid is molten metal rather than a conductive nanoparticle ink. The work reported here examines the influence of drop spacing and jetting frequency on line morphology and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the equivalent wire gauge of printed lines is estimated as a function of the drop volume and drop spacing. Under optimized jetting conditions, electrical resistivity as low as 3.2 ΜΩ cm (equivalent to bulk resistivity) has been achieved in aluminum 4043 alloy printed onto flexible polyimide. Little or no substrate cleaning is needed prior to printing, and post processing steps such as drying and curing are eliminated with this technique. The process uses metal wire as the feedstock material, making it significantly less expensive than conventional nanoparticle ink printing techniques.
Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Höpker Jan Philipp , Verma Varun B , Protte Maximilian , Ricken Raimund , Quiring Viktor , Eigner Christof , Ebers Lena , Hammer Manfred , Förstner Jens , Silberhorn Christine , Mirin Richard P , Woo Nam Sae , Bartley Tim J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently coupled photons of 1550 nm wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore, we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices.
Full-field optical metrology in polar and cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Albertazzi G Armando , Viotti Matias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are a large number of engineering measurement demands that can be very well met with optical methods. Among them, there are some that deal with circular or cylindrical geometries, for which Cartesian coordinates are not the ideal. Measurements in cylindrical and polar coordinates are much more natural choices. This paper presents an overview of various principles and configurations to measure textures, wear, geometry and deformations of external and internal cylindrical parts, displacements, deformations, stresses and residual stresses in cylindrical or polar coordinates. Optical measurement techniques such as triangulation, photogrammetry, deflectometry, white light interferometry, speckle interferometry, shearography in cylindrical or polar coordinates, are addressed. Most of the configurations presented here involve internal or external conical mirrors. These special optical components have several very interesting properties capable of performing transformations between coordinate systems. Examples of real engineering demands are presented and briefly discussed. The results obtained met the demands for which they were developed. Our expectation is that the configurations presented here can serve as a reference for already established applications and as a source of inspiration for new demands and possibilities.
In-line quality control utilizing close-range photogrammetry and a CAD-model
Authors: Sjödahl M , Bergström P , Fergusson M , Söderholm K , Andersson A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of a measurement system that is designed for in-line shape inspection of metal sheet components in real-time utilizing pre-calibrated close-range photogrammetry and a CAD-model. The system is currently designed to measure parts thrown out on a conveyor belt that moves at about 1 m s−1 at a frequency of 0.5 Hz or less without fixturing. Detected features on the components in the camera images are used to align the CAD-model, describing the nominal shape, to the images from which required deviations are computed using photogrammetry. The measurement volume of the current system is 500 × 800 × 200 mm3 and absolute measurements are performed with an accuracy in the order of 0.1 mm. The in-line functionalities of the system have been verified at several real production sites in Sweden. In this paper, the basic components of the system are described together with a few results from real tests.
An end-to-end trainable hybrid classical-quantum classifier
Authors: Chen Samuel Yen-Chi , Huang Chih-Min , Hsing Chia-Wei , Kao Ying-Jer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce a hybrid model combining a quantum-inspired tensor network and a variational quantum circuit to perform supervised learning tasks. This architecture allows for the classical and quantum parts of the model to be trained simultaneously, providing an end-to-end training framework. We show that compared to the principal component analysis, a tensor network based on the matrix product state with low bond dimensions performs better as a feature extractor for the input data of the variational quantum circuit in the binary and ternary classification of MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The architecture is highly adaptable and the classical-quantum boundary can be adjusted according to the availability of the quantum resource by exploiting the correspondence between tensor networks and quantum circuits.
Effect of the light and dark conditions on flower opening time between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and a near-isogenic early-morning flowering line
Authors: Ishimaru Tsutomu , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Nozaki Ikuo , Ichihashi Masanori , Shimizu Hiroaki , Wakayama Masataka , Hirabayashi Hideyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Flower opening time (FOT) is affected by genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about the effect of light and dark conditions on FOT in cereal crops. FOT of an indica rice cultivar, IR64, and its near-isogenic line carrying a QTL for an early-morning flowering trait (IR64+qEMF3) were investigated in a natural-light and temperature-controlled small greenhouse by exposing either the panicle or stem or both plant organs to different light and dark conditions. FOT did not change in either genotype when panicles were exposed to light. A large difference in FOT was found between genotypes when panicles were exposed to dark conditions; no flower opening was observed in IR64, whereas flower opening was delayed but observed in IR64+qEMF3. These results suggest that the panicle is the organ that perceives light for flower opening in both genotypes, whereas the light requirement to reach flower opening was quite different between genotypes. Flower opening of IR64 occurred concomitantly with elongation of anther filament in the light after the dark treatment stopped, whereas approximately half of flowering of IR64+qEMF3 resulted in apparent cleistogamy even during dark treatment. An extended duration of the dark treatment until 1730H (30–50 min before sunset) made FOT of IR64 spikelets on the next day shifted to a time as early as that of IR64+qEMF3, with significant advancement of FOT compared to the control IR64 spikelets. Our results indicated that different flowering responses to light and dark conditions exist between IR64 and IR64+qEMF3. These findings provide clues for understanding the unique genetic controls of flowering in an EMF line in rice. This study also showed evidence that artificial light environments can shift the FOT of IR64 to that of IR64+qEMF3.
Tysserand—fast and accurate reconstruction of spatial networks from bioimages
Authors: Coullomb Alexis , Pancaldi Vera 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
Networks provide a powerful framework to analyze spatial omics experiments. However, we lack tools that integrate several methods to easily reconstruct networks for further analyses with dedicated libraries. In addition, choosing the appropriate method and parameters can be challenging. We propose tysserand, a Python library to reconstruct spatial networks from spatially resolved omics experiments. It is intended as a common tool to which the bioinformatics community can add new methods to reconstruct networks, choose appropriate parameters, clean resulting networks and pipe data to other libraries.

Availability and implementation
tysserand software and tutorials with a Jupyter notebook to reproduce the results are available at https://github.com/VeraPancaldiLab/tysserand.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Soluble amyloid beta-containing aggregates are present throughout the brain at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sideris Dimitrios I , Danial John S H , Emin Derya , Ruggeri Francesco S , Xia Zengjie , Zhang Yu P , Lobanova Evgeniia , Dakin Helen , De Suman , Miller Alyssa , Sang Jason C , Knowles Tuomas P J , Vendruscolo Michele , Fraser Graham , Crowther Damian , Klenerman David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein aggregation likely plays a key role in the initiation and spreading of Alzheimer’s disease pathology through the brain. Soluble aggregates of amyloid beta are believed to play a key role in this process. However, the aggregates present in humans are still poorly characterized due to a lack of suitable methods required for characterizing the low concentration of heterogeneous aggregates present. We have used a variety of biophysical methods to characterize the aggregates present in human Alzheimer’s disease brains at Braak stage III. We find soluble amyloid beta-containing aggregates in all regions of the brain up to 200 nm in length, capable of causing an inflammatory response. Rather than aggregates spreading through the brain as disease progresses, it appears that aggregation occurs all over the brain and that different brain regions are at earlier or later stages of the same process, with the later stages causing increased inflammation.