bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying insect dispersal distances from trapping detections data to predict delimiting survey radii
Authors: Caton Barney P. , Fang Hui , Manoukis Nicholas C. , Pallipparambil Godshen R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe spread potential of invasive pests is a major concern for delimitation, quarantine and eradication efforts. We analysed trapping survey detections data for five insects and one low‐dispersing mollusc to quantify 30‐day dispersal kernels (mean total distance [MTD], m). We hypothesized that MTD would increase with species’ reported diffusion coefficients (D, m2 per day), and that D could be used to predict containment radius lengths for delimiting surveys for exotic pests. We collected trapping data for the following six invasive pest species: European grapevine moth (EGVM; Lobesia botrana [Denis & Schiffermüller]), Giant African land snail (GALS; Lissachatina fulica [Bowdich]), Japanese beetle (JB; Popillia japonica [Newman]), Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly; Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]), Mexican fruit fly (Mexfly; Anastrepha ludens [Loew]) and Oriental fruit fly (OFF; Bactrocera dorsalis [Hendel]). We used K‐means clustering to group detections that were proximate in space and time, then finalized them manually. We calculated MTD from the cluster centroid for each detection. Probability histograms for MTD were fit to a two‐parameter exponential function, and from those functions we estimated species’ dispersal limits for four percentiles (99th to 99.99th). The least vagile species, GALS and EGVM, had the greatest decay rates, and smallest MTD and percentile distances. OFF, with the greatest reported D, had the smallest decay rates and greatest MTD and percentile distances. Medfly, Mexfly and JB had intermediate MTD and percentile distances. Each regression of percentile distance as a logarithmic function of D fit the data well. The best regression used adjusted 99.9th percentile distances. These empirical results indicated that many delimiting surveys currently in use are oversized; adopting the new recommendations could yield significant cost savings. These results could be a general solution for estimating delimiting survey radii (for durations of ca. 30 days) across a wide range of insect dispersal abilities.
Evolution of the anthropogenic chromium cycle in China
Authors: Gao Ziyan , Geng Yong , Zeng Xianlai , Tian Xu , Yao Tianli , Song Xiaoqian , Su Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChromium (Cr) is a critical metal due to its essential economic importance and potential supply risk in contemporary society. Recycling of secondary chromium metals is a desirable sustainable strategy in responding to the soaring demand, but existing literatures have limitations in capturing the anthropogenic chromium cycle and thus fail to address the availability of such secondary resources. Under such a circumstance, this study aims to uncover China's chromium dynamic flows and stocks for the period of 2000–2019. The results show that China's chromium demand increased more than tenfold from 2000 to 2019 due to the rapid development of the stainless‐steel industry. The net Cr import to apparent Cr consumption (includes old scrap recycling) reached 94% in 2019, in which 69% of purchased virgin materials were imported from the African region (e.g., South Africa). The generation of end‐of‐life flows has been accelerating since 2000 and reached approximately 1,400 Gg in 2019, indicating more available secondary Cr resource and great recycling potential. However, the end‐of life recycling ratio (EOL‐RR) fluctuated during 2011–2015 and decreased to about 17% (uncertainty ranging from 7% to 24%) in 2019. Such findings reflect the unstable demand for old scrap and call for an integrated management of both primary and secondary chromium resources, with a special focus on accurate planning for scrap utilization. Possible solutions include the reengineering of sorting and processing for stainless‐steel scrap, the development of secondary resource markets, economic incentives for secondary resources, and the increased imports of secondary stainless‐steel materials.
Review of family‐based treatments from 2010 to 2019 for suicidal ideation and behavior
Authors: Frey Laura M. , Hunt Quintin A. , Russon Jody M. , Diamond Guy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuicide ideation and behavior are pervasive public health issues. Given that positive interpersonal relationships can be a protective factor against suicide risk, we conducted a systematic review to examine peer‐reviewed publications from 2010 to 2019 that included empirical data, tested an intervention with at least some family component, and included a suicide‐related outcome measure. We reviewed and synthesized findings from 22 articles covering 7 intervention categories with 12 interventions to examine the treatment components and the quality of evidence to support them. Using Southam‐Gerow and Prinstein's (Child Adolesc Psychol 43:16, 2014) guidelines, we identified two well‐established intervention categories that met the highest standards for interventions and three probably efficacious intervention categories. All interventions found focused solely on suicide risk in adolescent populations. More studies are needed for adult populations and to explore the role of family moderators and mediators to test whether suicide outcomes are reduced by improvement in the family environment.
Cognitive ability in former professional football (soccer) players is associated with estimated heading frequency
Authors: Bruno Davide , Rutherford Andrew 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe link between football (soccer) headings and dementia risk is a concern given the popularity of this sport worldwide. To assess this link, the cognitive ability of former professional players was tested and self‐reported estimates on heading frequency were collected.MethodsA survey was co‐designed with former players to gather demographics data; information on playing career, including playing position; estimates of total head injuries sustained in training and match play; and estimates of heading frequency during training and match play. Data then were collected by post from 60 males (mean age = 67.5; SD = 9.5), who had played professionally for teams in England. In addition to the survey, each individual also completed the Test Your Memory (TYM) self‐administered cognitive test to evaluate overall ability.ResultsBayesian and traditional linear regression analyses were carried out using the TYM score as outcome. Predictors were estimated career head injuries and estimated career headers, while we controlled for age and reported non‐football head injuries. The results of our analyses showed that estimated career headers, but not estimated career head injuries, predicted TYM scores.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct evidence supporting a link between heading the ball and cognitive impairment in retired professional football players.
Predictably Unequal? The Effects of Machine Learning on Credit Markets
Authors: FUSTER ANDREAS , GOLDSMITH‐PINKHAM PAUL , RAMADORAI TARUN , WALTHER ANSGAR 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTInnovations in statistical technology in functions including credit‐screening have raised concerns about distributional impacts across categories such as race. Theoretically, distributional effects of better statistical technology can come from greater flexibility to uncover structural relationships or from triangulation of otherwise excluded characteristics. Using data on U.S. mortgages, we predict default using traditional and machine learning models. We find that Black and Hispanic borrowers are disproportionately less likely to gain from the introduction of machine learning. In a simple equilibrium credit market model, machine learning increases disparity in rates between and within groups, with these changes attributable primarily to greater flexibility.
Ruminal effects of excessive dietary sulphur in feedlot cattle
Authors: Castro Damián Jesús , Cerón‐Cucchi María Esperanza , Ortiz‐Chura Abimael , Depetris Gustavo Jesús , Irazoqui José Matías , Amadio Ariel Fernando , Cravero Silvio , Cantón Germán José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSulphur (S) dietary excess can limit productive performance and increase polioencephalomalacia (PEM) incidence in feedlot cattle (FC). Sulphur excess ingested is transformed to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) by sulfo‐reducing ruminal bacteria (SRB), being high ruminal H2S concentration responsible for aforementioned damages. As the ruminal mechanisms involved in H2S concentrations increase have not been elucidated, this study aimed to evaluate the ruminal environment, and the association between ruminal H2S and dissimilatory SRB (DSRB) concentration in FC experimentally subjected to S dietary excess. Twelve crossbred steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary S levels (6 animals per treatment): low (LS, 0.19% S) and high (HS, 0.39% S obtained by sodium sulfate inclusion at 0.86%). The study lasted 38 days, and on days 0, 22 and 38, ruminal gas samples were taken to quantify H2S concentration, and ruminal fluid to determine total bacteria, DSRB, protozoa, volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration. For ruminal H2S concentration, S dietary × sampling day interaction was significant (p < 0.001), so that the greater concentration was observed on days 22 and 38 with the HS diet. The remaining ruminal parameters were not affected by dietary S level, and no significant correlation between H2S and DSRB concentrations was observed. The ruminal adaptation that maximizes H2S production in FC consuming S excess does not seem to be associated with biological or biochemical alterations, nor DSRB concentration changes. The microbial diversity and ruminal environment were resilient to the S excess evaluated, suggesting that 0.39% of dietary S achieved by 0.86% sodium sulfate addition, could be used without disturbances on digestion nor health of FC.
Mixed messages about democratization in the many Mexicos
Authors: Behrend Jacqueline , Whitehead Laurence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe subnational variations within a country as diverse as Mexico can be as strong as the variation in democratic quality between different countries. In this article we present Mexico as an exemplary case study and build an analytical framework aimed at capturing the complexity of subnational democratization processes. The article argues that in a process of democratization, different structures and practices coexist—they mix, or become entangled. The entanglement of political structures and practices in a context of electoral democracy produces different configurations of subnational politics. The framework we propose seeks to identify the liberal and illiberal structures that are entangled in each state, through the examination of 12 dimensions that, based on previous studies, are considered relevant for Mexican subnational politics.
State of Mexico: Resistance to democratic change
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Rogelio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the institutional changes that have come about in the State of Mexico over the last two decades, even without alternation. Although the Institutional Revolutionary Party continues to govern, relations between powers have gone through profound changes, due to an intense competition among parties and in elections. Pluralism has spread, and the society, through different organizations and types of participation, has managed to intervene and monitor government workings. This pluralism has led to increasingly democratic conditions, with party alternations limited to the state Congress and the town halls.
Human plasma protein levels alter the in vitro antifungal activity of caspofungin: An explanation to the effect in critically ill?
Authors: Kurland Siri , Löwdin Elisabeth , Furebring Mia , Shams Ayda , Chryssanthou Erja , Lagerbäck Pernilla , Tängden Thomas , Breuer Olof , Sjölin Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown low caspofungin concentrations in critically ill patients. In some patients, the therapeutic target, area under the total plasma concentration curve in relation to the minimal inhibition concentration (AUCtot/MIC), seems not to be achieved and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed. Caspofungin is highly protein‐bound and the effect of reduced plasma protein levels on pharmacodynamics has not been investigated.ObjectivesFungal killing activity of caspofungin in vitro was investigated under varying levels of human plasma protein.MethodsTime‐kill studies were performed with clinically relevant caspofungin concentrations of 1‐9 mg/L on four blood isolates of C. glabrata, three susceptible and one strain with reduced susceptibility, in human plasma and plasma diluted to 50% and 25% using Ringer's acetate.ResultsEnhanced fungal killing of the three susceptible strains was observed in plasma with lower protein content (p < .001). AUCtot/MIC required for a 1 log10 CFU/ml kill at 24 h in 50% and 25% plasma was reduced with 36 + 12 and 80 + 9%, respectively. The maximum effect was seen at total caspofungin concentrations of 4–9 × MIC. For the strain with reduced susceptibility, growth was significantly decreased at lower protein levels.ConclusionsReduced human plasma protein levels increase the antifungal activity of caspofungin in vitro, most likely by increasing the free concentration. Low plasma protein levels in critically ill patients with candidemia might explain a better response to caspofungin than expected from generally accepted target attainment and should be taken into consideration when assessing TDM based on total plasma concentrations.
Implementación de políticas de prevención y control de la obesidad infantil en Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica: lecciones para la investigación y la práctica transfronterizas
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Rhodes Elizabeth , Sarmiento Olga L. , Corvalan Camila , Sturke Rachel , Vorkoper Susan 
Published: October 2021

ResumenAunque se han hecho avances en el desarrollo y aplicación a gran escala de intervenciones eficaces contra la obesidad infantil, los retos siguen siendo importantes. Nuestro objetivo era comprender las causas del éxito de Estados Unidos y los países latinoamericanos en la implementación de políticas y programas (PYP) contra la obesidad e identificar oportunidades de mejora aplicando los principios de la ciencia de la implementación. Seleccionamos tres estudios de comparación de casos: (1) el etiquetado frontal en los envases de alimentos (México y Chile), (2) los programas de calles abiertas y calles para el juego (Colombia y Estados Unidos) y (3) la Iniciativa Hospital Amigo de los Niños (IHAN) (Brasil y Estados Unidos). Resumimos la información obtenida a través de diversas fuentes (publicaciones científicas, bibliografía gris y entrevistas a informadores clave) para describir las barreras, facilitadores y avances de las PYP en todas las dimensiones del marco RE‐AIM. Una campaña de promoción basada en evidencias, junto con la voluntad de los poderes políticos y las evidencias sobre su impacto y sobre la posibilidad de implementarlas a mayor escala, fueron las claves del éxito del lanzamiento y aplicación de las PYP. Su diseño e implementación debían adaptarse a los distintos contextos. Se necesitan herramientas más potentes que permitan monitorear y evaluar los procesos y sus resultados, y también hacer un seguimiento de los indicadores de equidad para maximizar los beneficios de las PYP en la población. La ciencia de la implementación ofrece una importante contribución para cubrir lagunas de conocimiento y abrir un diálogo que mejore las políticas contra la obesidad. También ayudará a trasladar las lecciones aprendidas al resto del continente para que puedan utilizarse con fines de investigación y evaluación tanto durante la fase de desarrollo de las PYP como durante su aplicación y mantenimiento.
Entorno social y obesidad infantil: implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica en Estados Unidos y en los países latinoamericanos
Authors: Ayala Guadalupe X. , Monge‐Rojas Rafael , King Abby C. , Hunter Ruth , Berge Jerica M. 
Published: October 2021

ResumenEl entorno en el que viven los niños influye en su riesgo de sufrir obesidad debido, entre otros factores, a los comportamientos relacionados con el peso (es decir, a la dieta y la actividad física). En este artículo presentaremos evidencia sobre los factores socioambientales asociados a la dieta y la actividad física de los niños y, de forma más general, a la prevención y el control de la obesidad infantil entre los niños hispanos y latinos de Estados Unidos y los países latinoamericanos. Utilizando un enfoque socioecológico, presentaremos evidencia procedente de varios estudios transversales y longitudinales realizados en Estados Unidos con niños hispanos y latinos, así como de otros estudios realizados en Latinoamérica en los que también participaron niños. Nos hemos centrado especialmente en los estudios que analizan los factores relacionados con la crianza en el entorno doméstico (p. ej., estrategias de crianza) y, aunque en menor medida, también en los factores socioambientales relacionados con otros contextos de la vida (p. ej., la escuela). La influencia de la aculturación sobre las relaciones sociales transciende los límites del marco conceptual socioecológico. La investigación sobre intervenciones permitió identificar estrategias y brechas de investigación para intervenir los factores sociales que promueven comportamientos saludables y reducen el riesgo de obesidad infantil. Los trabajadores de salud comunitaria y otras formas de apoyo de los pares fueron identificados como elementos relevantes en múltiples niveles del marco socioecológico. Este artículo concluye brindando algunas líneas de trabajo para que futuras investigaciones comprendan mejor el entorno social usando las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Joints Fracture‐Dislocations
Authors: Zhao Wei‐guang , Ma Jiang‐tao , Yan Xiao‐li , Zhu Yan‐bin , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological features of major joints fracture‐dislocations between 2015 and 2019.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with majorintra‐articular fracture‐dislocations who were treated in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 582 patients (389 [66.84%] males and 193 [33.16%] females) were identified. The distribution characteristics of intra‐articular fracture‐dislocations involving shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints were included. The potential associations between fractures with concomitant dislocations and related factors, such as age, gender and sites were explored.ResultsThere were 92 cases (15.81%) of shoulder joints, 67 cases (11.51%) of elbow joints, 45 cases (7.73%) of wrist joints, 181 cases (31.10%) of hip joints, 42 cases (7.22%) of knee joints, and 155 cases (26.63%) of ankle joints. The overall male‐to‐female ratio was 2.02:1.The highest proportion age group of the six types intra‐articular fracture‐dislocations included the ages 25‐34 years. For males, the highest proportion age group was 25‐34 years, for females, it was 45–54 years. For male patients, hip was the most common, accounted for 35.48%, but ankle fracture‐dislocation was the most common for females, accounted for 30.57%. The highest proportion age group of shoulder fracture‐dislocation included the ages 55‐64 years(22.83%), with a male to female ratio of 1.24:1. While the age group with the highest risk of elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle fracture‐ dislocation was 25‐34 years (28.36%) with a male to female ratio of 2.19:1, 25‐34 years (31.11%) with a male to female ratio of 8:1, 45‐54 years (27.07%) with a male to female ratio of 3.21:1, 15‐24 years (45.24%) with a male to female ratio of 0.75:1, 25‐44 years (43.87%) with a male to female ratio of 1.63:1, respectively. The most common site of joint fracture‐dislocation in different age groups was corresponding as follows, 0‐14 years(elbow), 15‐24 years(knee), 25‐34 years(hip), 35‐44 years(hip), 45‐54 years(hip), 55‐64 years(ankle), 65‐74 years(shoulder), ≥75 years(shoulder).ConclusionMajor joints fracture‐dislocations were most common in the hip and the least common in the knee, and there were more men than women. Hip was the most common affected joint in men while ankle in women. Age and sex factors can significantly affect the location of intra articular fracture and dislocation. The current study could aid orthopaedic surgeons in a better understanding of this injury and help to implement targeted preventive measures.
Long‐term efficacy and adverse effects of outpatient procedural analgesia with nitrous oxide for a child with Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Stoopler Michelle , Vigouroux Marie , Mohamed Nada , Macabuag Yandy , Ingelmo Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpidermolysis Bullosa is a dermatologic condition characterized by skin fragility and the formation of painful blisters all over the body. The course of this chronic hereditary disorder involves multiple painful procedures for which adequate analgesia is an ongoing challenge. This case report follows a previously‐described pediatric patient with the Dowling‐Meara variant of Epidermolysis Bullosa who was treated with at‐home nitrous oxide for daily procedural analgesia. We report on the long‐term effectiveness of this treatment in addition to any side effects encountered as a result of this treatment.
Advanced backcross‐quantitative trait loci mapping of grain yield, heading date, and their stability parameters in barley across multienvironmental trials in Egypt
Authors: Sayed Mohammed A. , Ali Mohamed B. , Bakry Bakry A. , El‐Sadek Ashraf N. , Léon Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExploring the relationship between grain yield and heading date traits and their stability parameters at phenotypic, genetic, and molecular levels is the milestone for improving yield and adaptation in barley. We evaluated a mapping population comprising 298 doubled haploid lines in multienvironmental trials in Egypt. Composite interval mapping revealed 35 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with four pleiotropic QTLs. A major QTL bPb‐9110 (140.3 cM on 3H) with a peak LOD greater than 24 was found to be associated with the stability statistics bi and R2 of heading date. Additionally, the marker bPb‐1213 on 1H was correlated to heading date, grain yield, and the statistic bi (GYP). We also found that the gene HvFT4 (2H, 66 cM) had a significant impact on the heading date due to the presence of exotic alleles. This gene was closely linked to the photoperiod Ppd‐H1 gene by 24.9 cM, and both genes play a major role in regulating flowering time in barley. Our results provide evidence that stability statistics pinpoint genetic control and appear promising for marker‐assisted selection.