bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of post‐harvest processing or thermal dehydration on physiochemical, nutritional and sensory quality of shiitake mushrooms
Authors: Subramaniam Shankar , Jiao Shunshan , Zhang Zhentao , Jing Pu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShiitake mushrooms are one of the most popular and highly consumed mushrooms worldwide both in fresh and dry forms. However, it rapidly starts losing its quality immediately after harvest which necessitates processing and/or proper storage before being distributed. However, the processes used for preserving other mushrooms (e.g., Agaricus) become unviable for shiitake due to its uniqueness (higher respiration rate, varied biochemicals, growth, etc.) which demands individual studies on shiitake. This review starts by listing the factors and their interdependence leading to a quality decline in shiitake after harvest. Understanding well about these factors, numerous post‐harvest operations preserve shiitake as fresh form for a shorter period and as dried forms for a longer shelf‐life. These processes also affect the intrinsic quality and nutrients of shiitake. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the effects of chemical processing (washing, fumigation, coating, and ozone), modified atmosphere packaging (including irradiation) on the quality of fresh shiitake while discussing their efficiency in extending their shelf‐life by inhibiting microbial spoilage and deterioration in quality including texture, appearance, nutrients, and favor. It also reviews the impact of thermal dehydration on the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms, especially the acquired unique textural, nutritional, and aromatic properties along with their merits and limitations. Since shiitake are preferred to be low‐cost consumer products, the applicability of freeze‐drying and sophisticated novel methodologies, which prove to be expensive and/or complex, are discussed. The review also outlines the challenges and proposes the subsequent future directives, which either retains/enhances the desirable quality in shiitake mushrooms.
Effects of Bt rice expressing Cry1Ac on ecological functional guilds and community of non‐target insects
Authors: Lee Sue Yeon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 2‐year field study was conducted to assess the effects of a Bt‐rice line Cr7–1, (Japonica rice cultivar Nakdong) expressing a transgenic Cry1Ac1 gene, which is highly insecticidal against all larval stages of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), compared with an isogenic rice line (Japonica rice cultivar Nakdong). We investigated the community structure of insects with a sweep net and suction device in Bt and non‐Bt rice fields during the rice growing season in 2007 and 2008 in Chungcheongnam‐do, Korea. Two sampling methods, suction and sweeping, were used considering the habitat, behavior, and vertical distribution of insects in this study. A total of 43 families in 10 orders were identified from 64,099 collected insects and classified into four ecological functional guilds: (i) Herbivores; (ii) Predators; (iii) Parasitoids, and (iv) Detritivores, based on their ecosystem service. The temporal patterns of insect family richness, abundance, and Shannon's index were very similar between Bt and non‐Bt rice, although significant differences were observed on a few occasions. In ecological functional guilds, abundance of herbivores and predators were significantly different between Bt and non‐Bt rice, but there was no consistent trend in the 2 years. Overall, insect community structure, including diversity, abundance, and dominant families, was not significantly different between Bt and non‐Bt rice. The results indicated that the transgenic Cry1Ac rice assessed in this study had no adverse effects on the rice insect community structure and ecological functional guilds in rice fields.
Strata Architectural Variability and Facies Distribution in a Structural Transfer Zone: A Case Study of Fushan Sag, Northern South China Sea
Authors: FU Chao , YU Xinghe , CHEN Weitong , REN Guiyuan , LIU Desheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStructural transfer zones in a half‐graben rift basin play a significant role in controlling sandy sediments and providing a target for hydrocarbon exploration. Previous studies have classified the transfer zone in lacustrine environments into two different patterns: synthetic approaching transfer zones and synthetic overlapping transfer zones. However· the evolution of the depositional pattern and the controlling factors of the above transfer zones are still unclear. In the Fushan Sag· the northern South China Sea· an overlapping transfer zone developed in the early Eocene Epoch· while a synthetic approaching transfer zone developed in the late Eocene· due to tectonic uplift. This evolutionary process provided an opportunity to study the stacking pattern of strata architectural variability and facies distribution in the structural transfer zone of the Eocene lacustrine basin. In this study· following the indications of the oriented sedimentary structures in core samples and heavy mineral assemblages of 18 wells, the evolution of the paleo‐hydrodynamic distribution during the early and late Eocene has been reconstructed. The sequence‐stratigraphy was then divided and the sand body parameters calculated, according to the seismic data and well log interpretations. During the early Eocene, the lake level was at a low stand, the faults broken displacement in the East block being over 50 m. The prograding delta and turbidites are oriented perpendicular to the structural transfer zone. According to the quantitative analysis of the flow rate and the depositional parameters, we speculate that gravity transportation of the sediment and the sediment‐supply are the dominating factors during this period. Up to the late Eocene, the rising lake level and the decreased fault displacement leads the flow to divert to a NE‐direction, resulting in it being parallel to the axis of the transfer zone. Thus, we speculate that the accommodation space is predominant in this period. In comparison with the above two periods, a braided river delta with an isolated sand body and turbidites developing in the deep area is prominent in the overlapping transfer zone, while a meandering river delta is characteristic of the synthetic approaching transfer zone.
Rudists (Bivalvia) from a Cretaceous Platform in Northern Egypt: Taxonomy and Paleobiogeography
Authors: SALAMA Yasser , AJAREM Jamaan S. , ALLAM Ahmed A. , ALMALKI Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew well‐preserved rudist materials come from the Barremian–Turonian marine formations in the Yelleg, Minsherah, Maaza, and Raghawi sections in North Sinai, northern Egypt. There, 17 discovered rudist species belonging to 13 genera and seven taxonomic families are described in detail as follows: Eoradiolites plicatus (Conrad), Eoradiolites liratus (Conrad), Praeradiolites ponsianus (d'Archiac), Archaeoradiolites sp., Bournonia africana Douvillé, Bournonia fourtaui Douvillé, Biradiolites lombricalis (d'Orbigny), Biradiolites zumoffeni Douvillé, Radiolites lewyi lewyi Parnes, Radiolites sauvagesi (d'Hombres‐Firmas), Durania arnaudi (Choffat), Toucasia carinata (Matheron), Toucasia sp., Neocaprina raghawiensis Steuber and Bachmann, Sellaea sp., Ichthyosarcolites sp. and Horoiopleura sp.. The Cenomanian deposits in the northern Eastern desert of Egypt only contain E. liratus. The domination of the Cenomanian rudist species in North Sinai, however, is attributed to changes in the platform, which passes mainly from carbonate in the north to siliciclastics in the south. The presence of Horiopleura sp. in the late Barremian–early Aptian deposits is documented for the first time, which suggests the expansion of taxa of the genus Horiopleura Douvillé to North Sinai during this interval. The age of the rudist species is documented from the late Barremian–Turonian formations, with their geographic distribution in the Mediterranean region considered.
Clinical recommendations for perioperative immunotherapy‐induced adverse events in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ni Jun , Huang Miao , Zhang Li , Wu Nan , Bai Chun‐Xue , Chen Liang‐An , Liang Jun , Liu Qian , Wang Jie , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhang Feng‐Chun , Zhang Shu‐Yang , Chen Chun , Chen Jun , Fang Wen‐Tao , Gao Shu‐Geng , Hu Jian , Jiang Tao , Li Shan‐Qing , Li He‐Cheng , Liao Yong‐De , Liu Yang , Liu De‐Ruo , Liu Hong‐Xu , Liu Jian‐Yang , Liu Lun‐Xu , Wang Meng‐Zhao , Wang Chang‐Li , Yang Fan , Yang Yue , Zhang Lan‐Jun , Zhi Xiu‐Yi , Zhong Wen‐Zhao , Guan Yu‐Zhou , Guo Xiao‐Xiao , He Chun‐Xia , Li Shao‐Lei , Li Yue , Liang Nai‐Xin , Lu Fang‐Liang , Lv Chao , Lv Wei , Si Xiao‐Yan , Tan Feng‐Wei , Wang Han‐Ping , Wang Jiang‐Shan , Yan Shi , Yang Hua‐Xia , Zhu Hui‐Juan , Zhuang Jun‐Ling , Zhuo Ming‐Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPerioperative adjuvant treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as antibodies against PD‐1 and PD‐L1, in patients with lung cancer has increased our expectations for the success of these therapeutics as neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy is widely used in patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC and can reduce primary tumor and lymph node stage, improve the complete resection rate, and eliminate microsatellite foci; however, complete pathological response is rare. Moreover, because the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant therapy is not obvious and may complicate surgery, it has not yet entered the mainstream of clinical treatment. Small‐scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancellation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. In this article, we draw on several sources of information, including (i) guidelines on adverse reactions related to immune checkpoint inhibitors, (ii) published data from large‐scale clinical studies in thoracic surgery, and (iii) practical experience and published cases, to provide clinical recommendations on adverse events in NSCLC patients induced by perioperative immunotherapy.
NELF‐A controls Drosophila healthspan by regulating heat‐shock protein‐mediated cellular protection and heterochromatin maintenance
Authors: Ngian Zhen‐Kai , Lin Wei‐Qi , Ong Chin‐Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNELF‐mediated pausing of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) constitutes a crucial step in transcription regulation. However, it remains unclear how control release of RNAPII pausing can affect the epigenome and regulate important aspects of animal physiology like aging. We found that NELF‐A dosage regulates Drosophila healthspan: Halving NELF‐A level in the heterozygous mutants or via neuronal‐specific RNAi depletion improves their locomotor activity, stress resistance, and lifespan significantly. Conversely, NELF‐A overexpression shortens fly lifespan drastically. Mechanistically, lowering NELF‐A level facilitates the release of paused RNAPII for productive transcription of the heat‐shock protein (Hsp) genes. The elevated HSPs expression in turn attenuates the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates, reactive oxidative species, DNA damage and systemic inflammation in the brains of aging NELF‐A depleted flies as compared to their control siblings. This pro‐longevity effect is unique to NELF‐A due to its higher expression level and more efficient pausing of RNAPII than other NELF subunits. Importantly, enhanced resistance to oxidative stress in NELF‐A heterozygous mutants is highly conserved such that knocking down its level in human SH‐SY5Y cells attenuates hydrogen peroxide‐induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Depleting NELF‐A reconfigures the epigenome through the maintenance of H3K9me2‐enriched heterochromatin during aging, leading to the repression of specific retrotransposons like Gypsy‐1 in the brains of NELF‐A mutants. Taken together, we showed that the dosage of neuronal NELF‐A affects multiple aspects of aging in Drosophila by regulating transcription of Hsp genes in the brains, suggesting that targeting transcription elongation might be a viable therapeutic strategy against age‐onset diseases like neurodegeneration.
SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) vaccination in dermatology patients on immunomodulatory and biologic agents: Recommendations from the Australasian Medical Dermatology Group
Authors: Wang Charlie , Rademaker Marius , Tate Bruce , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the phase III COVID‐19 vaccine trials excluded patients on immunosuppressive treatments, or patients with significant autoimmunity, the Australasian Medical Dermatology Group make the following preliminary recommendations around COVID‐19 vaccination in dermatology patients on immunomodulatory and/or biologic agents.

Vaccination against COVID‐19 is strongly encouraged for all patients on immunomodulatory drugs and/or biologic agents.

There are currently insufficient data to recommend one COVID‐19 vaccine or vaccine type (mRNA, recombinant, inactivated virus) over another.

No specific additional risk in patients on immunomodulatory or biologic therapies has so far been identified.

Data on vaccine efficacy in patients on immunomodulatory or biologic therapies are missing, so standard vaccination protocols are recommended until otherwise advised.
The University of Crisis
Authors: Cook Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the history of the university as a modern social institution through the epistemological framework of crisis. Starting from the historical understanding that the university has always‐already been in the throes of crisis, and that such crisis (or crises) are cemented into the conceptual architecture of both the university itself and the inherently promiscuous nature of knowledge in society, this exploration of the university in crisis endeavors to show how crisis is as old as knowledge itself. Building on the insights of such social theorists and historians of the university as Samuel Weber, Bill Readings, Jean‐Francois Lyotard, and Gregg Lambert, my hope is to draw out from these writers the intellectual sustenance that is sorely needed (and largely lacking) in today’s discourse on the “university of crisis.”
The Crisis in Public Higher Education: A New Perspective
Authors: Cebula Richard J. , Koch James V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic higher education in the United States is being challenged, as never before, by numerous conditions that need to be addressed if the public college and university systems are to survive and fulfill their responsibilities to the American public. Student enrollment at these institutions has been on a significant downward trend for a full decade. There has been a discernible decline in the esteem with which the American public holds higher education. There are numerous dimensions to this phenomenon. In this brief article, we focus on only three dimensions of the problem: escalating college costs; mounting student debt; and the failures of boards of trustees to act as fiduciaries representing the interests of students, parents, and citizens. Once we address these issues broadly, we offer feasible solutions that could improve the circumstances surrounding public higher education and enable it to chart a new course.
Can Popular Sovereignty Be Represented? Jacobinism from Radical Democracy to Populism
Authors: Rousselière Geneviève 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContemporary studies mostly understand populism as a reaction to the failures of representative liberal democracies. Yet populism existed at the very inception of modern democracy before it became liberal. I contend that, during the French Revolution, conflicting claims of popular sovereignty gave rise to populism, which was instantiated in the Jacobin theory of Robespierre. The rapid transformation of Jacobinism in the years of the attempted birth of modern democracy (1789–94) tracks the theoretical question at the heart of populism: How can sovereignty be represented for a divided people that have yet to be united in order to exist?
Late Pleistocene to Holocene vegetation and climate changes in northwestern Chukotka (Far East Russia) deduced from lakes Ilirney and Rauchuagytgyn pollen records
Authors: Andreev Andrei A. , Raschke Elena , Biskaborn Boris K. , Vyse Stuart A. , Courtin Jeremy , Böhmer Thomas , Stoof‐Leichsenring Kathleen , Kruse Stefan , Pestryakova Lyudmila A. , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents two new pollen records and quantitative climate reconstructions from northern Chukotka documenting environmental changes over the last 27.9 ka. Open tundra‐ and steppe‐like habitats dominated between 27.9 and 18.7 cal. ka BP. Betula and Alnus shrubs might have grown in sheltered microhabitats but disappeared after 18.7 cal. ka BP. Although the climate was rather harsh, local herb‐dominated communities supported herbivores as is evident by the presence of coprophilous spores in the sediments. The increase in Salix and Cyperaceae ~16.1 cal. ka BP suggests climate amelioration. Shrub Betula appeared ~15.9 cal. ka BP, and became dominant after ~15.52 cal. ka BP, whilst typical steppe communities drastically reduced. Very high presence of Botryococcus in the Lateglacial sediments reflects widespread shallow habitats, probably due to lake level increase. Shrub Alnus became common after ~13 cal. ka BP reflecting further climate amelioration. Simultaneously, herb communities gradually decreased in the vegetation reaching a minimum ~11.8 cal. ka BP. A gradual decrease of algae remains suggests a reduction of shallow‐water habitats. Shrubby and graminoid tundra was dominant ~11.8–11.1 cal. ka BP, later Salix stands significantly decreased. The forest‐tundra ecotone established in the Early Holocene, shortly after 11.1 cal. ka BP. Low contents of green algae in the Early Holocene sediments likely reflect deeper aquatic conditions. The most favourable climate conditions were between ~10.6 and 7 cal. ka BP. Vegetation became similar to the modern after ~7 cal. ka BP but Pinus pumila came to the Ilirney area at about 1.2 cal. ka BP. It is important to emphasize that the study area provided refugia for Betula and Alnus during MIS 2. It is also notable that our records do not reflect evidence of Younger Dryas cooling, which is inconsistent with some regional environmental records but in good accordance with some others.
Oxoglaucine mediates Ca2+ influx and activates autophagy to alleviate osteoarthritis through the TRPV5/calmodulin/CAMK‐II pathway
Authors: Zhong Gang , Long Huiping , Chen Fei , Yu Yin 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeStimulation of calcium influx and suppression of autophagy play important roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we used a novel inhibitor of TRPV5 cation channels ‐ oxoglaucine to attenuate progression of deterioration and pathological changes in OA patient‐derived chondrocytes and OA animal model, by activating autophagy.Experimental ApproachInhibition by oxoglaucine of calcium influx was assessed in cells.. Analyses were also carried out to investigate the effect of oxoglaucine on OA by detection of anti‐inflammatory response, TRPV5/CAMK‐II/calmodulin pathway, autophagy, and cartilage protection both in vitro and in vivo. demonstrated by macroscopic evaluation and histological findings.Key ResultsOxoglaucine suppressed expression of proinflammatory and apoptosis‐related proteins, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, MMP‐13, CASP‐3, and BAX, and prevented matrix degradation in OA chondrocytes. It also successfully blocked Ca2+ influx, activating autophagy dose‐dependently asshown by up‐regulated expression of LC‐3II/I, Beclin‐1, ATG5, ATG7, higher autophagic influx and formation of autophagic vesicles. It also decreased expression of mRNA and protein of TRPV5, CAMK‐II, and calmodulin. Conversely, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, anagonist of TRPV5 channels, reversed the oxoglaucine‐induced calcium influx inhibition and autophagy activation, demonstrating the association of oxoglaucine with TRPV5. Further, oxoglaucine prevented the apoptosis and matrix degradation of articular cartilage in a rat model of OA.Conclusion and ImplicationsOxoglaucine protects against cartilage damage by blocking the TRPV5/CAMK‐II/calmodulin pathway to inhibit Ca2+ influx and activate autophagy. Our results indicate that oxoglaucine has the potential to become a candidate drug for treatment of OA.
Protopanaxadiol alleviates neuropathic pain by spinal microglial dynorphin A expression following glucocorticoid receptor activation
Authors: Shoaib Rana Muhammad , Ahmad Khalil Ali , Wang Yong‐Xiang 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeNew remedies are required for the treatment of neuropathic pain due to insufficient efficacy of available therapies. This study provides a novel approach to develop painkillers for chronic pain treatment.Experimental ApproachThe rat formalin pain test and spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain were used to evaluate antinociception of protopanaxadiol. Primary cell cultures, immunofluorescence staining, and gene and protein expression were also performed for mechanism studies.Key ResultsGavage protopanaxadiol remarkably produces pain antihypersensitive effects in neuropathic pain, bone cancer pain and inflammatory pain, with efficacy comparable with gabapentin. Long‐term PPD administration does not induce antihypersensitive tolerance, but prevents and reverses the development and expression of morphine analgesic tolerance. Oral protopanaxadiol specifically stimulates spinal expression of dynorphin A in microglia but not in astrocytes or neurons. Protopanaxadiol gavage‐related pain antihypersensitivity is abolished by the intrathecal pretreatment with the microglial metabolic inhibitor minocycline, dynorphin antiserum or specific κ‐opioid receptor antagonist GNTI. Intrathecal pretreatment with glucocorticoid receptor)antagonists RU486 and dexamethasone‐21‐mesylate, but not GPR‐30 antagonist G15 or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone, completely attenuates protopanaxadiol‐induced spinal dynorphin A expression and pain antihypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. Treatment with protopanaxadiol, the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone and membrane‐impermeable glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone‐BSA in cultured microglia induces remarkable dynorphin A expression, which is totally blocked by pretreatment with dexamthasone‐21‐mesylate.Conclusion and ImplicationsAll the results, for the first time, indicate that protopanaxadiol produces pain antihypersensitivity in neuropathic pain probably through spinal microglial dynorphin A expression after glucocorticoid receptor activation and hypothesize that microglial membrane glucocorticoid receptor/dynorphin A pathway is a potential target to discover and develop novel painkillers in chronic pain.