bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological and Trophic Consequences of Genetic Introgression Between Endemic and Invasive Barbus Fishes
Authors: Santis Vanessa De , Quadroni Silvia , Britton Robert J. , Carosi Antonella , Roberts Catherine Gutmann , Lorenzoni Massimo , Crosa Giuseppe , Zaccara Serena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Genetic introgression with native species is recognized as a detrimental impact resulting from biological invasions involving taxonomically similar invaders. Whilst the underlying genetic mechanisms are increasingly understood, the ecological consequences of introgression are relatively less studied, despite their utility for increasing knowledge on how invasion impacts can manifest. Here, the ecological consequences of genetic introgression from an invasive congener were tested using the endemic barbel populations of central Italy, where the invader was the European barbel Barbus barbus. Four populations of native Barbus species (B. plebejus and B. tyberinus) were studied: two purebred and two completely introgressed with alien B. barbus. Across the four populations, differences in their biological traits (growth, body condition and population demographic structure) and trophic ecology (gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis) were tested. While all populations had similar body condition and were dominated by fish up to 2 years of age, the introgressed fish had substantially greater lengths at the same age, with maximum lengths 410–460 mm in hybrids versus 340–360 mm in native purebred barbel. The population characterized by the highest number of introgressed B. barbus alleles (81%) had the largest trophic niche and a substantially lower trophic position than the other populations through their exploitation of a wider range of resources (e.g. small fishes and plants). These results attest that the genetic introgression of an invasive congener with native species can results in substantial ecological consequences, including potential cascading effects.
Polarity switching from p- to n-type in a single thermoelectric donor-acceptor copolymer by p-type doping
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Yizhuo , Li Qing , Li Zhanchao , Xu Liqing , Li Kuncai , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The transport mechanism of organic materials is still far away from being well understood and controlled although conducting polymers have been discovered since 1977. It is rare to see conducting polyers possessing high bipolar (p- and n-type) electrical conductivities within a single bulk doped organic polymer without the assistant of gate voltage. Here, we report a novel approach to provide high performance n-type materials by p-type doping. More importantly, the bipolar electrical conductivities of the donor-acceptor conducting polymer are high, resulting high bipolar power factors among the solution-processable ambipolar D-A copolymers. A fully organic p-n junction is created in a planar film, exhibiting a high rectification ratio of 2 x 102 at +5 V with a high current density of 3 A/cm2. Structural and spectroscopic tests have been performed to provide a fundamental understanding of the polarity switching mechanism. The results open the opportunity of making p- and n-type modules with a single conducting polymer for future modern organic electronics.
High Canopy Cover of Invasive Acer Negundo L. Affects Ground Vegetation Diversity
Authors: Veselkin Denis Vasilyevich , Dubrovin Denis Igorevich , Pustovalova Liliya Alexandrovna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We assessed the link between canopy cover degree and ground vegetation diversity under alien the ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo) and other (native or alien) tree species. We investigated urban and suburban forests in the large city of Yekaterinburg, Russia. Forests were evaluated on two spatial scales. Through an inter-habitat comparison completed over three years, we recorded canopy cover and plant diversity among 13 sample plots of 20 × 20 m where A . negundo dominated and 13 plots where other tree species dominated. In an intra-habitat comparison, we recorded canopy cover and ground vegetation diversity among 800 sample plots measuring 1 m2 in the extended urbanised forest, which featured abundant alien (308 plots) and native trees (492 plots). We observed decreased diversity among vascular ground plant species by 40% (inter-habitat) and 20% (intra-habitat) in areas dominated by the A. negundo compared to areas dominated by native tree and shrub species. An abundance of A . negundo was accompanied by increased canopy cover. We found a negative relationship between canopy cover and the number of understory herbaceous species. Thus, the interception of light and the restriction of its amount for other species is a main factor supporting the negative influence of A . negundo on native plant communities.
Individual versus Team-Based responses to Script Concordance Test in Teaching Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Abouzeid Enjy , Sallam Moataz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Although clinical competence is multi-dimensional and should be acquired by each medical student, but most students learn clinical reasoning skills informally in clinical rotations. Accordingly, A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted aiming to evaluate the merging of Script Concordance Test (SCT) and Team Based Learning (TBL) as a teaching/learning approach in clinical setting for medical students. Methodology: The study ran in three phases. Phase 1 (preparatory phase) involved students’ preparation and preparation of SCT. Phase 2 (implementation phase) included application of individual and team SCT (iSCT and tSCT respectively). Phase 3 (evaluation phase) compared score results and obtained students’ feedback.Results: Significant differences existed when comparing individual students’ response or students’ teams’ responses with experts scores. However, the use of the SCT/TBL approach had improved the clinical reasoning skills of the students in some vignettes and helped the lower achievers through the tSCT. The students found the approach appropriate for teaching or formatively assessing clinical reasoning. It helped them to discuss, correct their mistakes and improve their problem solving and reasoning skills. Conclusion: team-based learning improved students’ responses, especially the lower achievers, to script concordance test. SCT/TBL approach can be used to teach clinical reasoning for undergraduate students.
Influence of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Financial Reporting Quality: An Overview of EU Firms Cross-Listed in the USA
Authors: Bajra Ujkan , Asllanaj Rrustem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigate whether compliance with the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) Sect. 302 (financial reporting) and 404 (internal controls) enhances financial reporting quality (FRQ). This study focuses on EU publicly traded companies that are cross-listed in the US markets. Using a novel approach with respect to operationalization of the SOX, the empirical research integrated into this paper advances the understanding of financial reporting quality for both practitioners and policymakers. The study argues that financial reporting quality increased after SOX entered into force but, notably, we find that FRQ improves with compliance with SOX302 but not with SOX404. Examination of the latter relationship at the subsection level also reveals that compliance with certain SOX requirements is not satisfactory. We find that three out of six subsections of SOX302 are directly associated with financial reporting, while subsections (1), (5) and (6) of SOX302 are not related with FRQ, indicating that the management team, albeit not entirely, provides a reliable financial reporting systems. We also find that compliance with some SOX404’s subsections has been relatively low (i.e. subsections (1) and (3) of SOX404)), suggesting that corporations have not established and are not maintaining suitable internal control systems over financial reporting.
Does reduced cough capacity in minor thoracic injury is associated with atelectasis development?
Authors: Hegg Sandrine , Batomen Brice , Thériault Esther , Boucher Valérie , Émond Marcel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context: Minor thoracic injury causes non-negligible pain that could reduce the cough capacity and can cause infectious problems and atelectasis. Objectives: To describe the association between atelectasis and cough capacity, and to assess the concordance of cough capacity perceptions between health professionals and the patient. Design:The data were collected from 2006 to 2012 in 4 Canadian emergency departments (ED). Participants: Patients with a chief complaint of minor thoracic injury, ≥ 16 years old, discharged home from the ED after an evaluation by the attending physician, were included. They have three visits, at the ED, 7-day and 14-day follow-up. The initial ED visit included medical evaluation, data collection and mandatory chest and rib radiography. Main outcome measures: The presence of atelectasis was noted at the initial ED and subsequent visits.Participants cough capacity was noted by a physician, a nurse and the patients himself at subsequentvisits and classified as good, diminished, weak /absent.Results: Among the 1474 patients, 8.89% (95% CI: 7.55 - 10.47), 7.33% (95% CI: 6.04 – 8.89) and 4.63% (95% CI: 3.51 – 6.09) had atelectasis at the initial visit, 7-day and 14-day follow-up visit respectively. Except for patients with weak or absent cough capacity at the 7-day visit, which had a 2.89 (95%CI: 2.05 – 4.05) folds atelectasis proportion relative to those with a good cough capacity, they were no associations between cough capacity and atelectasis. The weighted kappa coefficient suggests a moderate to substantial agreement between the cough capacity measured by patients and nurses (0.52 to 0.65).Conclusion: There was not strong evidence of an association between atelectasis and cough capacity and the best agreement between cough capacity perception was between nurses and patients.
A Validation on COVID19 Community Spreading: Probabilistic Approach&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study ( 1,2 ) is to validate the viral load alternatively in terms of density function(3). The re-combination of specific mutants leading to spreading of infection denser. The denser is the viral load ( 1,2) the infectivity will be more probable or susceptible . This viral density ultimately tends to community spreading of that specific mutants and proportional to mortality rate ( 6) .Finally the probability density( 3,5 ) is validated to quantify – a chaotic spreading of Covid19 Virus ( 9 ) leads to community spreading ( 10 ).The community spreading ( 11 ) by different new spike mutants like D614G( 12 ), Del69-70 ( 13,14, ) are also considered as specific cases of probabilities . The G-type variant depends on age and S-type variant depends on different regions within a community ( 12 ,13 ,14 ).
Demand for environmental quality: averting behaviors impacts and valuation in Southern Ghana
Authors: Okyere Charles Yaw 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using a cluster randomized evaluation in Southern Ghana, this paper estimates the impacts of water quality testing and information on averting behaviors, demand and expenditures on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Households are randomly assigned into either child treatment or adult treatment or comparison group. The study also elicits households' valuation of water quality testing and information using a stated preference approach. The study finds that averting behaviors and expenses on WASH increased more in the treatment households than the comparison households. The results also show that the experiment does not lead to demand for WASH information and infrastructure, except for water treatment in the adult treatment group. Contingent valuation estimates of households' willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality testing and information are lower than the cost, and are consistent with previous studies which show low valuation of water quality technology in Ghana. The WTP in the treatment groups are lower than the comparison group. The study also finds differential impacts on some of the outcome measures based on the random assignment into the treatment groups. The results have research and policy implications on the demand for preventive health goods and environmental quality in developing countries.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Coumarin Analogue: A Brief
Review
Authors: Chaudhary Diksha , Bedi Pooja , Santra Soumava , Pramanik Tanay 
Published: February 2021

:
One of the most prominent aromatic organic chemical compound is Coumarin having formula C9H6O2 which
is widely known for its benefits in drug industry. Colourless crystalline solid having sweet scent is coumarin’s physical
identity. It serves various purposes such as in synthesis of medicines, laser dyes, perfumes and many more. Having enormous
usages it becomes important to synthesize such compound so various reactions were performed in order to obtain coumarins.
This review explicates the preparation of coumarin by Pechmann Condensation and its biological characteristics.
Adverse Effects and Safety of Etirinotecan Pegol, a Novel Topoisomerase Inhibitor, in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Samare-Najaf Mohammad , Samareh Ali , Jamali Navid , Abbasi Ali , Clark Cain C.T. , Khorchani Majid J. , Zal Fatemeh 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Due to the increasing prevalence of cancer and the inadequacy of current
therapies, the development of novel antitumor pharmaceutics with higher efficacies and lower adverse
effects is considered a fundamental tenet of contemporary cancer management.
Poly-Ethylene-Glycol (PEG) attachment is a novel pharmaceutical technology to improve the efficacy
and safety of chemotherapies. Etirinotecan Pegol (EP), also known as NKTR-102, is the PEGylated
form of Irinotecan (CPT-11), which causes cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the
topoisomerase I enzyme.

Objectives:
The present study reviews and evaluates various reports of the EP’s anti-tumor activity
in various cancers.

Data Sources:
Studies were identified using the Scopus database, with no exclusions. The search
terms included Etirinotecan Pegol and NKTR-102, which yielded 125 articles (66 and 59 articles,
respectively). In addition, the clinicaltrials.gov website was used to find ongoing studies, which resulted
in the addition of two studies.

Study Eligibility Criteria:
Subsequently, we excluded studies that were published in languages
other than English, duplicate articles, and studies with no data.

Results:
This systematic review clarifies that EP possesses numerous advantages over many other
medications, such as safety, efficacy, increased half-life, increased health-related quality of life, increased
overall survival, increased progression-free survival, and decreasing the adverse events in
the treatment of various cancers.

Conclusion:
Therefore, Etirinotecan Pegol may represent a major contribution to the treatment of
various cancers in the future.
Establishing Classifiers With Clinical Laboratory Indicators to Distinguish COVID-19 From Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dai Wanfa , Ke Pei-Feng , Li Zhen-Zhen , Zhuang Qi-Zhen , Huang Wei , Wang Yi , Xiong Yujuan , Huang Xian-Zhang 
Published: February 2021

Background
The initial symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are very much like those of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); it is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP with clinical symptoms and imaging examination.

Objective
The objective of our study was to construct an effective model for the early identification of COVID-19 that would also distinguish it from CAP.

Methods
The clinical laboratory indicators (CLIs) of 61 COVID-19 patients and 60 CAP patients were analyzed retrospectively. Random combinations of various CLIs (ie, CLI combinations) were utilized to establish COVID-19 versus CAP classifiers with machine learning algorithms, including random forest classifier (RFC), logistic regression classifier, and gradient boosting classifier (GBC). The performance of the classifiers was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and recall rate in COVID-19 prediction using the test data set.

Results
The classifiers that were constructed with three algorithms from 43 CLI combinations showed high performance (recall rate >0.9 and AUROC >0.85) in COVID-19 prediction for the test data set. Among the high-performance classifiers, several CLIs showed a high usage rate; these included procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), uric acid, albumin, albumin to globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil count, red blood cell (RBC) count, monocyte count, basophil count, and white blood cell (WBC) count. They also had high feature importance except for basophil count. The feature combination (FC) of PCT, AGR, uric acid, WBC count, neutrophil count, basophil count, RBC count, and MCHC was the representative one among the nine FCs used to construct the classifiers with an AUROC equal to 1.0 when using the RFC or GBC algorithms. Replacing any CLI in these FCs would lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the classifiers that were built with them.

Conclusions
The classifiers constructed with only a few specific CLIs could efficiently distinguish COVID-19 from CAP, which could help clinicians perform early isolation and centralized management of COVID-19 patients.
The Impact of a Web-Based Mindfulness, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Platform on the Health Status of First-Year University Students: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Trottier Claire F , Lieffers Jessica R L , Johnson Steven T , Mota João F , Gill Roshni K , Prado Carla M 
Published: February 2021

Background
First-year university students are at an increased risk for developing mental health issues and a poor nutritional status. Self-care plays an essential role in optimizing mental health and can prevent or manage stress, anxiety, and depression. Web-based self-monitoring of diet and physical activity can lead to similar or improved health outcomes compared with conventional methods. Such tools are also popular among university students.

Objective
The primary aim of this 12-week randomized controlled trial is to assess the impact of a web-based wellness platform on perceived stress among first-year university students. The secondary aim is to assess the effects of the platform on diet quality. The exploratory objectives are to explore the effects of the platform on body composition, health-related quality of life, mindfulness, mental well-being, and physical activity.

Methods
A total of 97 first-year undergraduate students were randomized to either the intervention (n=48) or control (n=49) group. The intervention consisted of access to a web-based platform called My Viva Plan (MVP), which aims to support healthy living by focusing on the topics of mindfulness, nutrition, and physical activity. The platform is fully automated and guided by the principles of cognitive behavioral theory. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to use the MVP as frequently as possible over 12 weeks. The control group did not receive access to MVP. Perceived stress was assessed using the Stress Indicators Questionnaire at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Three-day food records were used to analyze the dietary intake at baseline and week 12. Health-related quality of life, mindfulness, mental well-being, and physical activity questionnaires were completed at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Body composition was assessed at baseline and week 12. Study assessments were completed in person at baseline and week 12 and electronically at week 6.

Results
Study recruitment started in August 2018, with batch enrollment for students registered in the fall (September 2018 to December 2018) and winter (January 2019 to April 2019) academic terms at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

Conclusions
This study is the first to explore the impact of a web-based platform designed to promote health and wellness on perceived stress and diet quality among first-year university students.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03579264; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03579264.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24534
Digital Medicine Community Perspectives and Challenges: Survey Study
Authors: Bent Brinnae , Sim Ida , Dunn Jessilyn P 
Published: February 2021

Background
The field of digital medicine has seen rapid growth over the past decade. With this unfettered growth, challenges surrounding interoperability have emerged as a critical barrier to translating digital medicine into practice. In order to understand how to mitigate challenges in digital medicine research and practice, this community must understand the landscape of digital medicine professionals, which digital medicine tools are being used and how, and user perspectives on current challenges in the field of digital medicine.

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to provide information to the digital medicine community that is working to establish frameworks and best practices for interoperability in digital medicine. We sought to learn about the background of digital medicine professionals and determine which sensors and file types are being used most commonly in digital medicine research. We also sought to understand perspectives on digital medicine interoperability.

Methods
We used a web-based survey to query a total of 56 digital medicine professionals from May 1, 2020, to July 10, 2020, on their educational and work experience, the sensors, file types, and toolkits they use professionally, and their perspectives on interoperability in digital medicine.

Results
We determined that the digital medicine community comes from diverse educational backgrounds and uses a variety of sensors and file types. Sensors measuring physical activity and the cardiovascular system are the most frequently used, and smartphones continue to be the dominant source of digital health information collection in the digital medicine community. We show that there is not a general consensus on file types in digital medicine, and data are currently handled in multiple ways. There is consensus that interoperability is a critical impediment in digital medicine, with 93% (52) of survey respondents in agreement. However, only 36% (20) of respondents currently use tools for interoperability in digital medicine. We identified three key interoperability needs to be met: integration with electronic health records, implementation of standard data schemas, and standard and verifiable methods for digital medicine research. We show that digital medicine professionals are eager to adopt new tools to solve interoperability problems, and we suggest tools to support digital medicine interoperability.

Conclusions
Understanding the digital medicine community, the sensors and file types they use, and their perspectives on interoperability will enable the development and implementation of solutions that fill critical interoperability gaps in digital medicine. The challenges to interoperability outlined by this study will drive the next steps in creating an interoperable digital medicine community. Establishing best practices to address these challenges and employing platforms for digital medicine interoperability will be essential to furthering the field of digital medicine.