bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of genotype performance for untested years based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and linear mixed models: An illustration using dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) multiyear data
Authors: Spoorthi Vinayak , Ramesh Sampangi , Sunitha Nagenahalli Chandrappa , Vaijayanthi Panichayil Vijayakumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarrying out multi‐environment trials (MET) is a regular and mandatory procedure for identifying and recommending superior genotypes as cultivars of crops with no exception of dolichos bean. The accuracy of a crop MET can be increased using more efficient statistical tools such as Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and mixed linear models via best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure. AMMI is not a single model, but rather, a family of models. Considering genotypes, environments or both as random variables, three types of BLUPs, namely BLUPg, BLUPe and BLUPge, respectively are possible. Diagnosis and use of the best AMMI model family member and type of BLUP is the key to identify the best genotype(s) for use as cultivars with a hypothesis that they will perform well in farmers' fields in future years. We diagnosed the best AMMI model family member and type of BLUP based on between‐year predictive accuracy using a 5‐year dataset in dolichos bean. Replication‐wise mean fresh pod yield of different combinations of 4‐years' was used as prediction datasets to build AMMI and BLUP models. The observed mean fresh pod yield of genotypes evaluated in the year, which is not used in modelling, was used as a validation dataset. Predictive accuracy was measured as root mean squared differences between AMMI and BLUP model‐predicted and observed mean fresh pod yield of genotypes. Our results showed that parsimonious AMMI1 model was far better than any type of BLUP in predicting the genotype performance for untested years.
A genome‐wide association study of the frailty index highlights brain pathways in ageing
Authors: Atkins Janice L. , Jylhävä Juulia , Pedersen Nancy L. , Magnusson Patrik K. , Lu Yi , Wang Yunzhang , Hägg Sara , Melzer David , Williams Dylan M. , Pilling Luke C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrailty is a common geriatric syndrome and strongly associated with disability, mortality and hospitalization. Frailty is commonly measured using the frailty index (FI), based on the accumulation of a number of health deficits during the life course. The mechanisms underlying FI are multifactorial and not well understood, but a genetic basis has been suggested with heritability estimates between 30 and 45%. Understanding the genetic determinants and biological mechanisms underpinning FI may help to delay or even prevent frailty. We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) meta‐analysis of a frailty index in European descent UK Biobank participants (n = 164,610, 60–70 years) and Swedish TwinGene participants (n = 10,616, 41–87 years). FI calculation was based on 49 or 44 self‐reported items on symptoms, disabilities and diagnosed diseases for UK Biobank and TwinGene, respectively. 14 loci were associated with the FI (p < 5*10−8). Many FI‐associated loci have established associations with traits such as body mass index, cardiovascular disease, smoking, HLA proteins, depression and neuroticism; however, one appears to be novel. The estimated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability of the FI was 11% (0.11, SE 0.005). In enrichment analysis, genes expressed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly downregulated (adjusted p < 0.05). We also used Mendelian randomization to identify modifiable traits and exposures that may affect frailty risk, with a higher educational attainment genetic risk score being associated with a lower degree of frailty. Risk of frailty is influenced by many genetic factors, including well‐known disease risk factors and mental health, with particular emphasis on pathways in the brain.
Moderators of changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour associated with the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Beard Emma , Angus Colin , Field Matt , Brown Jamie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade.DesignRepresentative cross‐sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020.SettingEngland.ParticipantsA total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years).MeasurementsIndependent variables were survey month (pre‐lockdown: August–February versus lockdown months: April–July) and year (pandemic: 2019/20 versus comparator: 2018/19). Smoking outcomes were smoking prevalence, cessation, quit attempts, quit success and use of evidence‐based or remote cessation support. Drinking outcomes were high‐risk drinking prevalence, alcohol reduction attempts and use of evidence‐based or remote support. Moderators were age, sex and occupational social grade (ABC1 = more advantaged/C2DE = less advantaged).FindingsRelative to changes during the same time period in 2018/19, lockdown was associated with significant increases in smoking prevalence [+24.7% in 2019/20 versus 0.0% in 2018/19, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–1.63] and quit attempts (+39.9 versus –22.2%, aOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.76–3.50) among 18–34‐year‐olds, but not older groups. Increases in cessation (+156.4 versus –12.5%, aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.86–5.09) and the success rate of quit attempts (+99.2 versus +0.8%, aOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.31–3.98) were also observed, and did not differ significantly by age, sex or social grade. Lockdown was associated with a significant increase in high‐risk drinking prevalence among all socio‐demographic groups (+39.5 versus –7.8%, aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.64–1.98), with particularly high increases among women (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.87–2.53) and social grades C2DE (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 2.00–2.74). Alcohol reduction attempts increased significantly among high‐risk drinkers from social grades ABC1 (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.78–3.00) but not C2DE (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.83–1.88). There were few significant changes in use of support for smoking cessation or alcohol reduction, although samples were small.ConclusionsIn England, the first COVID‐19 lockdown was associated with increased smoking prevalence among younger adults and increased high‐risk drinking prevalence among all adults. Smoking cessation activity also increased: more younger smokers made quit attempts during lockdown and more smokers quit successfully. Socio‐economic disparities in drinking behaviour were evident: high‐risk drinking increased by more among women and those from less advantaged social grades (C2DE), but the rate of reduction attempts increased only among the more advantaged social grades (ABC1).
Cannabis use disorder and increased risk of arrhythmia‐related hospitalization in young adults
Authors: Patel Rikinkumar S. , Gonzalez Mario D. , Ajibawo Temitope , Baweja Raman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent observations indicate that cannabis use can result in cardiovascular complications including arrhythmias. We studied the relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and arrhythmia hospitalization.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010–2014). Patients (age 15–54) with a primary diagnosis for arrhythmia (N = 570,556) were compared with non‐arrhythmia (N = 67,662,082) inpatients for odds ratio (OR) of CUD by the logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics and comorbid risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of CUD in arrhythmia inpatients was 2.6%. Among cannabis users, the most prevalent arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (42%), followed by other arrhythmias (24%) and atrial flutter (8%). Patients with CUD were younger (15–24 years, OR: 4.23), male (OR: 1.70), and African American (OR: 2.70). CUD was associated with higher odds of arrhythmia hospitalization in the young population, 1.28 times in 15–24 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.229–1.346) and 1.52 times in 25–34 years (95% CI: 1.469–1.578).Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceWith the growing legalization in the United States, there is an increased use of medicinal/recreational cannabis. This is the first national study to our knowledge that found that CUD is associated with a 47%–52% increased likelihood of arrhythmia hospitalization in the younger population and the risk of association was controlled for potential confounders including other substances. The fact that atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent arrhythmia is of special concern since it can result in stroke and other embolic events. Physicians need to familiarize themselves with cannabis abuse or dependence as a risk factor for arrhythmia.
Brain tumours in children and adolescents may affect the circadian rhythm and quality of life
Authors: Pickering Line , Main Katharina M. , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Klose Marianne , Sehested Astrid , Mathiasen René , Jennum Poul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimChildren with brain and cervical medulla tumours may experience circadian abnormalities and poor health. We aimed to examine their circadian rhythm, fatigue and quality of life (QoL).MethodsChildren with a brain or cervical medulla tumour were recruited from the Paediatric Department, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, between 2016 and 2020. They were grouped by tumour location involving the circadian regulatory system, defined as diencephalon, pineal gland, brain stem and cervical medulla, or other areas. Saliva melatonin and cortisol concentrations were measured. Sleep diaries and actigraphy assessed sleep‐wake patterns. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and Generic Core Scale measured fatigue and QoL.ResultsWe included 68 children (62% males) with a median age (25th‐75th percentiles) of 12.2 (7.7–16.3) years. Children with tumours involving the circadian regulatory system typically had a lower melatonin peak (p=0.06) and experienced significantly more fatigue and poorer QoL. Low melatonin profiles were observed in 31% and 4% had a phase‐shifted daytime peak, compared with 14% and 0%, respectively, in children with tumours located elsewhere. Children with low melatonin profiles had significantly lower inter‐daily stability than those with normal profiles.ConclusionTumours involving the circadian regulatory system adversely affected circadian function, fatigue and QoL.
Genetic analysis of growth, visual scores, height, and carcass traits in Nelore cattle
Authors: da Silveira Daniel Duarte , Schmidt Patrícia Iana , Campos Gabriel Soares , de Vargas Lucas , de Souza Fabio Ricardo Pablos , Roso Vanerlei Mozaquatro , Boligon Arione Augusti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCovariance components were estimated for growth traits (BW, birth weight; WW, weaning weight; YW, yearling weight), visual scores (BQ, breed quality; CS, conformation; MS, muscling; NS, navel; PS, finishing precocity), hip height (HH), and carcass traits (BF, backfat thickness; LMA, longissimus muscle area) measured at yearling. Genetic gains were obtained and validation models on direct and maternal effects for BW and WW were fitted. Genetic correlations of growth traits with CS, PS, MS, and HH ranged from 0.20 ± 0.01 to 0.94 ± 0.01 and were positive and low with NS (0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.20 ± 0.01) and favorable with BQ (0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.37 ± 0.02). Null to moderate genetic correlations were obtained between growth and carcass traits. Genetic gains were positive and significant, except for BW. An increase of 0.76 and 0.72 kg is expected for BW and WW, respectively, per unit increase in estimated breeding value (EBV) for direct effect and an additional 0.74 and 1.43, respectively, kg per unit increase in EBV for the maternal effect. Monitoring genetic gains for HH and NS is relevant to maintain an adequate body size and a navel morphological correction, if necessary. Simultaneous selection for growth, morphological, and carcass traits in line with improve maternal performance is a feasible strategy to increase herd productivity.
Macro‐ and microscopic morphology of the flank scales of families Lutjanidae and Serranidae from the Persian Gulf Coral Reefs (Teleosts: Perciformes)
Authors: Teimori Azad , Sabbah Najmeh , Askari Hesni Majid , Motamedi Mina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacro‐ and microscopic characteristics of flank scales for 12 species were investigated from the Persian Gulf Coral Reefs. In Lutjanus argentimaculatus and L. russellii (family Lutjanidae), the scales of different flank regions were not different, while four characters showed variation in the scale of L. lutjanus i.e., scale shape (pentagonal, hexagonal and square), anterior margin (waved, scalloped and smooth), focus shape (circular and oblong) and focus position (postero‐central and central), displayed variation. Scale type (ctenoid) and posterior margin (transforming ctenii) did not show variation and could be considered to be specific in this family. In Epinephelus chlorostigma (family Serranidae), the scales of flank regions did not display variation, while in E. areolatus, E. diacanthus and E. radiates, the scales showed considerable variation. The most variable characters were scale shape, posterior margin and focus shape. Therefore, in fish systematics studies on the base of scale, it is particularly important to compare scales from the same flank regions. Also, some criteria such as size‐dependent alternation, ontogenetic changes and variation between flank regions, should be considered. This study supports the potential of scale morphology to help for the understanding of fish diversity in the coral reef ecosystem.
New insights on ocular surface disease in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab
Authors: Bortoluzzi P. , Ferrucci S. , Galimberti D. , Garavelli F. , Pozzo Giuffrida F. , Pizzati A. , Marzano A.V. , Mapelli C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Our study sought to describe ocular surface alterations at baseline and after 4 months of dupilumab treatment in patients with severe AD. Our findings highlight that all 25 patients showed ocular surface alterations prior to dupilumab treatment. Dupilumab may cause the worsening of clinical or subclinical pre-existing ocular alterations belonging to the spectrum of AKC.
Daily experiences of hangover severity and food consumption in young adults
Authors: Morley Kirsten C. , Logge Warren B. , Riordan Benjamin C. , Brannon Sean , Haber Paul S. , Conner Tamlin S. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesOur aim was to determine whether alcohol hangover is associated with eating unhealthy foods (hot chips, soft drink) or healthy foods (fruit, vegetables).DesignDaily diary study across 13 days (micro‐longitudinal design).MethodsWe examined a sample of 605 young adults (71% women; ages 17–25; mean age 19.91 [SD 1.86] years) who completed daily diaries in the university community and reported drinking alcohol at least twice during the 13‐day study period. Each day, participants reported on their hangover severity, their consumption of fruit, vegetables, hot chips (French fries), and soft drink, and their alcohol consumption from the previous day. Linear mixed models were used to examine within‐person associations between hangover severity and food consumption, by gender. Exploratory models also controlled for previous day alcohol consumption to acknowledge potential variability in hangover susceptibility.ResultsOn days when participants reported higher severity of hangovers, they reported consuming more hot chips (β = .09, p = .001), more soft drink (β = .08, p = .001) and less fruit (β = −.06, p = .05). In our exploratory model controlling for previous day alcohol consumption, the predictive effect of hangover severity on hot chips remained (β = .08, p = .009) and significant interaction effects were observed between gender and previous day alcohol consumption on fruit (β = −.03, p = .003) and vegetable (β = −.03, p = .03) servings.ConclusionsHigher hangover severity may lead to greater intake of some unhealthy foods such as hot chips, an effect that may not be reduceable to those associated with alcohol consumption per se. Interventions that target excessive drinking primarily, but also emphasize the importance of a healthy diet, should be considered for this population.
C644‐0303, a small‐molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, suppresses colorectal cancer growth
Authors: Yan Yu , Zhang Yidan , Li Mengyuan , Zhang Yazhuo , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Xiaonan , Xu Yuting , Wei Wei , Wang Jie , Xu Xiaohan , Song Qiaoling , Zhao Chenyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in tissue homeostasis, and its malignant activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of many cancers, especially colorectal cancer with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and CTNNB1 mutations. By applying a TCF/lymphoid‐enhancing factor (LEF) luciferase reporter system, the high‐throughput screening of 18 840 small‐molecule compounds was performed. A novel scaffold compound, C644‐0303, was identified as a Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitor and exhibited antitumor efficacy. It inhibited both constitutive and ligand activated Wnt signals and its downstream gene expression. Functional studies showed that C644‐0303 causes cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cancer cell migration. Moreover, transcription factor array indicated that C644‐0303 could suppress various tumor‐promoting transcription factor activities in addition to Wnt/β‐catenin. Finally, C644‐0303 suppressed tumor spheroidization in a 3‐dimensional cell culture model and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in mice. In conclusion, we report a novel structural small molecular inhibitor targeting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway that has therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer treatment.
Dwell times showcase how goal structure informs preschoolers’ analysis of unfolding motion patterns
Authors: Kosie Jessica E. , Baldwin Dare A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing Hard et al.’s (2011) dwell‐time paradigm, 85 preschoolers (aged 2.5–4.5; 43 female; primarily from white families) advanced at their own pace through one of three slideshows. All slideshows depicted an actor reaching toward, grasping, and retrieving a ball. However, motion patterns differed for one slideshow (straight‐reach) relative to the other two (arcing‐reaches), and one of the arcing‐reach slideshows depicted a violation of typical goal‐related motion. Preschoolers’ knowledge of goal structure systematically modulated attention to event boundaries across slideshows despite surface differences, even when controlling for pixel change (an index of changes in motion). These findings showcase the value of the dwell time paradigm, and illuminate how children deploy attention as goal‐related expectations shape their analysis of continuously unfolding activity.
Prevalence of and risk factors for sexual dysfunctions in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES ‐ Flanders
Authors: Van Cauwenberghe Jolijn , Enzlin Paul , Nefs Giesje , Ruige Johannes , Hendrieckx Christel , De Block Christophe , Pouwer Frans 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsThe prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in people with diabetes is still debated and understudied in women. This study examines the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in men and women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) and the associations with clinical and psychological variables.MethodsAdults with diabetes (n = 756) completed an online survey including questions on sexual functioning (adapted Short Sexual Functional Scale), general emotional well‐being (WHO‐5), symptoms of anxiety (GAD‐7) and diabetes distress (PAID‐20).ResultsOne third of participants reported a sexual dysfunction. Men reported erectile dysfunction (T1D: 20%; T2D: 33%), and orgasmic dysfunction (T1D: 22%; T2D: 27%). In men, sexual dysfunction was independently associated with, older age (OR = 1.05, p = 0.022), higher waist circumference (OR = 1.04; p < 0.001) and longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.04; p = 0.007). More men with sexual dysfunction reported diabetes distress (20% vs. 12%, p = 0.026). Women reported decreased desire (T1D: 22%; T2D: 15%) and decreased arousal (T1D: 9%; T2D: 11%). More women with sexual dysfunction reported diabetes distress (36% vs. 21%, p = 0.003), impaired emotional well‐being (36% vs. 25%, p = 0.036) and anxiety symptoms (20% vs. 11%, p = 0.026).ConclusionSexual dysfunctions are common in both men and women with diabetes. In men, sexual dysfunctions were associated with clinical factors. More women with sexual dysfunction reported low emotional well‐being and anxiety symptoms compared to women without sexual dysfunction. For both men and women, sexual dysfunctions were associated with diabetes distress.
Individual, healthcare professional and system‐level barriers and facilitators to initiation and adherence to injectable therapies for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Byrne Jo , Willis Andrew , Dunkley Alison , Fitzpatrick Claire , Campbell Sandra , Sidhu Manbinder S. , Choudhary Pratik , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo review and synthesise the contemporary qualitative evidence, relating to the individual, healthcare professional and system‐level barriers and facilitators to injectable therapies in people with type 2 diabetes, and evaluate (using an intersectional approach to explore the diverse perspectives of different identities) whether views have changed with treatment and guideline advancements.MethodsA meta‐ethnography approach used. Eight databases searched from the years 2006 (GLP‐1 analogues introduced) to February 2021. Study selection (using a pre‐defined inclusion criteria), quality appraisal and data extraction, conducted independently by two reviewers.ResultsScreened 7143 abstracts, assessed 93 full‐text papers for eligibility and included 42 studies—using data from 818 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 160 healthcare professionals. Studies covered a diverse range of views from healthcare professionals and individuals, including those relating to older adults and people from ethnic migrant backgrounds, and 10 studies rated moderate to strong research value. Key themes abstracted: barriers (physical/psychological/social) and facilitators (motivation/capability/opportunity).ConclusionsThe first synthesis of contemporary qualitative data to adopt an intersectionality approach and explore diverse views relating to barriers and facilitators that influence engagement with injectable treatments for type 2 diabetes. A model is presented to help patients, health practitioners and policy makers identify barriers and facilitators and understand the complex interplay of physical, psychological and social factors involved when prescribing injectable therapies. Despite advances in injectable treatments and guidelines, findings highlight the many barriers that still exist and show how strongly held culturally‐specific health beliefs of people from diverse socio‐economic and ethnic backgrounds can become substantial obstacles to treatment.