bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected number of osteoarthritis patients in Austria for the next decades – quantifying the necessity of treatment and prevention strategies in Europe
Authors: Hitzl Wolfgang , Stamm Tanja , Kloppenburg Margreet , Ritter Markus , Gaisberger Martin , Zee-Neuen Antje van der 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to predict the expected number of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in Austria up to the year 2080.
Methods
Demographic data and population projections between 2019 and 2080 were obtained from European authorities. Information about recent age- and sex-stratified prevalence of patients with self-reported physician-diagnosed OA was obtained from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (n=15,771). Projections were stratified by age and sex; sensitivity analyses were performed based on aging (lower), main (most likely), and growth (upper) scenarios of the population.
Results
Based on the projection, the overall increase in the total number of patients with OA from 2019 to 2080 will be 38% for men and women. In 2019, the highest number of OA-patients nested in the groups of persons aged 70-79 (n=238,749) and 60-69 (n=237,729) years. In 2080, the 80+ age group is predicted to have the highest number of OA with 421,548 individuals (i.e. factor 3.45 and factor 2.48 increase in the male and female group, respectively, compared to 2019), followed by the group aged 70-79 with 314,617 individuals (factor 1.45 and factor 1.28 increase in the male and female group, respectively, compared to 2019). Similar trends were found in the ageing and growing scenarios.
Conclusions
The projected increase in the occurrence of OA will likely lead to a substantial socioeconomic burden for the Austrian healthcare system in the near and far future. The current findings plead for the development of sustainable concepts for the treatment and prevention of OA by European authorities.
Success and Failure Factors for Trabeculectomy in Glaucomatous Patients in Southwest China: A 325 Eyes Analysis
Authors: Qin Zuoxin , Ying Xi , Han Qing , Wang Lu , Tan Lian , Xu Yufei , Wu Nan , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the outcomes and elucidate the success and failure factors for trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in Southwest Chinese patients.
Methods
A retrospective correlational study was conducted on the glaucomatous patients who underwent initial trabeculectomy with MMC in Southwest Hospital and had been followed up for 1-3 years. A complete success for surgery is defined as a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) > 5 and ≤ 21 mmHg and 20% reduction of IOP compared to preoperative, without IOP-lowering medications. A qualified success for surgery is defined as the abovementioned postoperative IOP with or without IOP-lowering medications. The primary outcomes were IOP, the number of IOP-lowering medications, and cumulative success rate. The secondary outcomes included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean deviation (MD) of visual field, major complications, and risk factors for surgical failure.
Results
A total of 325 eyes of 261 glaucomatous patients had been included in our study. Both the mean IOP and the number of IOP-lowering medications were significantly decreased from 32.9 ± 12.0 mmHg to 16.4 ± 5.7 mmHg (P<0.0001) and 3.0 ± 0.9 to 0.9 ± 1.0 (P<0.0001), respectively, at the last visit. The cumulative complete success rate and qualified success rate were 77.8% and 92.0% at 1-year follow-up, and 47.2% and 77.7% at 3-year follow up. There were no significant differences in surgical outcomes between primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). In PACG patients, the success rates of trabeculectomy were comparable with those of phacotrabeculectomy. Hypertension (HR=1.904, P=0.011), encapsulated bleb (HR=2.756, P<0.001), and more preoperative topical medications (HR=2.475, P=0.008) were risk factors for surgical failure.
Conclusions
The qualified success rate of trabeculectomy with MMC in glaucomatous patients in Southwest China is 92.0% at 1-year follow-up, and 77.7% at 3-year follow up. Hypertension, encapsulated bleb, and more preoperative topical medications are associated with surgical failure.
The Prevalence of HER2 Positivity In HER2 Borderline Tumors In Iranian Breast Cancer Patients And Predictive Variables
Authors: Omranipour Ramesh , Nazarian Newsha , Alipour Sadaf , Ebrahimi Amirpasha , Eslami Bita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) gene amplification is an important predictive and prognostic factor in breast cancer treatment. However, the expression of HER2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is determined as borderline in some cases and confirmation of the HER2 status by in situ hybridization either fluorescent (FISH) or bright field chromogenic (CISH) is necessary for correct treatment decision-making. Considering the high cost of FISH and CISH, we aimed to investigate whether the HER2 status could be predicted by other histological and cellular characteristics of the tumor by evaluating the association of these characteristics with the actual tumor HER2 status. Methods: Data of 438 breast cancer patients with IHC-determined HER-2 borderline disease was evaluated retrospectively. FISH or CISH results, pathologic tumor size and type, node involvement, Ki67%, presence of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR), HER2 status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and stage were retrieved from clinic records. Results: Seventy-four (16.9%) patients had positive results for HER2 status with FISH or CISH. Logistic regression analysis showed that the pathologic size had a positive association with HER2 positivity with an OR equal to 1.03 (Odds ratio (OR):1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). In addition, the adjusted OR illustrated a statistically significant association between HER2 positivity and PR negativity (OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.14-4.02). The invasive lobular carcinoma histology had a reverse association with HER2 positive status, with a borderline significance level (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.02-1.18).Conclusion: We could not find an applicable model to predict the actual status of HER2 in borderline cases and still, we have to recommend further assay by FISH or CISH in these patients.
De Novo Protein Design of Photochemical Reaction Centers
Authors: Ennist Nathan , Zhao Zhenyu , Stayrook Steven , Discher Bohdana , Dutton P Leslie 'Les' , Moser Christopher 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Natural photosynthetic protein complexes capture sunlight to power the energetic catalysis that supports life on Earth. Yet these natural protein structures carry an evolutionary legacy of complexity and fragility that encumbers protein reengineering efforts and obfuscates the underlying design rules for light-driven charge separation. De novo development of a simplified photosynthetic reaction center protein can clarify practical engineering principles needed to build new enzymes for efficient solar-to-fuel energy conversion. Here we report the rational design, X-ray crystal structure, and electron transfer activity of a multi-cofactor protein that incorporates essential elements of photosynthetic reaction centers. This highly stable, modular artificial protein framework can be reconstituted in vitro with interchangeable redox centers for nanometer-scale photochemical charge separation. Transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates Photosystem II-like tyrosine and metal cluster oxidation, and we measure charge separation lifetimes exceeding 100 ms, ideal for light-activated catalysis. This de novo-designed reaction center builds upon engineering guidelines established for charge separation in earlier synthetic photochemical triads and modified natural proteins, and it shows how synthetic biology may lead to a new generation of genetically encoded, light-powered catalysts for solar fuel production.
CATALYSTS OF BARBARIZATION AND DEBARBARIZATION IN CLASSICAL ATHENS
Authors: СУРИКОВ И.Е. 
Published: November 2021

В качестве факторов, способствовавших нарастанию варваризации в Афинах второй полвины V в. до н.э., в статье указываются создание Афинской морской державы, движение софистов, конфликт поколений, Пелопоннесская война, наступление «эры демагогов». Обратное же движение в сторону деварваризации (с самого конца Vв. до н.э.) было связано в первую очередь с возрождением уважения к законности, с укреплением стабильности и порядка. Новая афинская демократия IV в. до н.э., которую одни специалисты считают «усовершенствованным» вариантом по сравнению с демократией предшествующего столетия, а другие, напротив, ее упадком, кризисом, была в основном свободна как от охлократических, так и от олигархических тенденций; она может с полным основанием быть определена как умеренная демократия, в отличие от радикальной демократии второй половины V в. до н.э. Конфликтов не то чтобы не было, но их старались разрешать мирным путем, по возможности достигая компромисса и избегая насилия.
The article cites as factors, which promoted the growth of barbarization in Athens in the last half of the 5thcentury B.C., the following ones: the emergence of the Athenian Empire, the sophistic movement, the conflict of generations, the Peloponnesian War, and the coming of the “era of demagogues”. As to the reverse motion towards debarbarization (from the very end of the 5th century B.C.), it was connected, in the first instance, with revival of the lawfulness’ authority and with strengthening order and stability. The new Athenian democracy of the 4thcentury B.C. (which is considered by some scholars an “improved” version as compared with democracy of the previous century, but by other scholars, on the contrary, its decline and crisis) was in general free from both ochlocratic and oligarchic tendencies; it may be with good reason defined as a moderate democracy, as distinct from the radical democracy of the last half of the 5thcentury B.C. It is not to say that there were no conflicts, but people sought to solve them by peaceful way, as far as possible, to reach compromises and to avoid violence.
MODERN CIVILIZATION AND DESTRUCTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S COGNITIVE MAP
Authors: БУДАНОВ А.В. 
Published: November 2021

В статье на основе публикаций в масс-медиа и Интернет-блогах анализируется трансформация когнитивной карты личности в современных условиях. Показаны основные направления и риски деструктивного воздействия на человека информационного поля. По мере становления новой цивилизации XXI века информационное поле ускоряет процесс придания современному варварству особого метафизического смысла, нарушающего допустимые нормы и пределы, свойственные любой цивилизации. Выделены триггеры, стратегии и технологии, запускающие у человека процессы кардинального изменения его мироощущения и миропонимания. Социально-психологический ракурс исследования позволяет по-новому взглянуть на природу и сущность современного варварства. Показаны возможные формы прогнозирования социального поведения человека в контексте появления и преодоления агрессивных злонамеренных действий.
The article is devoted to the analysis based on mass media publications and internet blogs of an individual's cognitive map transformation in modern realities. General directions and risks of information field destructive impacts on an individual are shown. As new civilization of XXI century establishes, information field gives a boost to a process of giving special metaphysical meaning to modern barbarity, which destructs permissible social norms common to an any civilization. Triggers, strategies, and technologies, starting fundamental changing processes in world perception and mentality of an individual are summarized. Social and psychological view of the article lets take a fresh look at an essence and nature of modern barbarity. Possible forms of conceptual foresight of individual's social behavior are shown in context of materialization and overriding of aggressive and ill-destined moves.
ROMAN EXPANSION AS A «TRIGGER HOOK» OF MIGRATIONS PROCESSES ON BOSPOR UNDER KING ASANDER IN THE CONTEXT OF ALLIES WITH THE BARBARIANS
Authors: ЯРЦЕВ С.В. , ЗУБАРЕВ В.Г. 
Published: November 2021

В то время, когда Римская империя вышла на просторы Северного Причерноморья, на Боспоре к власти пришел царь Асандр (47–17 гг. до н.э.). Он стал неуклонно следовать курсу на поддержку царского землевладения и развитию дружественных отношений с варварским миром. К концу его правления вся царская земля покрылась укрепленными военно-хозяйственными поселениями с варварскими гарнизонами, а по всему периметру боспорских границ расположились союзные племена. Некоторые из них, расселенные по всем стратегическим местам созданной Асандром фортификационной системы, получили наименование тафрии, так как несли службу в местах, связанных с термином «тафрос» и являлись выходцами из тавроскифской среды. Усиление миграционных процессов на Боспоре и улучшение отношения с варварами в данное время, авторами объясняются римским давлением на государство.
At the time, when the Roman Empire came to the expanses of the Northern Black Sea region, Tsar Asander (47–17 BC) start to power in the Bospor. He began to steadily follow the course of supporting the tsar land tenure and developing friendly relations with the barbarian world. By the end of his reign, the entire tsar land was covered with fortified military-economic settlements with barbarian garrisons, and allied tribes were located along the entire perimeter of the Bospor borders. Some of them, settled in all the strategic places of the fortification system, created by Asander, received the name tafria, since they served in places associated with the term “tafros” and were from the Tavro-Scythian environment. The strengthening of migration processes on the Bosporus and the improvement of relations with the barbarians at this time, the authors explain the Roman pressure on the state.
The institute of statutory limitation in criminal procedure and in criminal law
Authors: Maloku Elda 
Published: November 2021

The institute of statutory limitation in criminal procedure has an extreme importance and through this research we will get to know more about the new provisions of Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Code of Republic of Kosovo regarding the statute of limitations of the criminal prosecution and the statute of limitations of the execution of the criminal-legal sanctions.
The object of research: Analysis and the synthesis facts and essential legal provisions of Criminal Procedure and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kosovo for statutory limitation (hereinafter SoL), by using scientific theory, methodology and scientific research in order to gain scientific knowledge.
The main scientific results: The institute of statutory limitation in the Criminal Procedure in the Republic of Kosovo is analyzed with the provisions of the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. Moreover, SoL is analyzed and compared with legal provisions in the abolished Criminal Code and the new Criminal Code of Republic of Kosovo as well. Improvement of the efficiency of the Institute of SoL in criminal law and criminal procedure has been found through new amendments to the legal provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Criminal Code
The area of practical use of the research results: Are the newest data for the institute of SoL in the criminal procedure and in criminal law as well. The conducted research made it possible for lawyers, criminologists, victimologists, Non-Governmental Organizations (hereafter: NGOs) and all stakeholders to obtain additional information about the Institute of SoL in Criminal Procedure Law and Criminal Law in the Republic of Kosovo.
Innovative technological product: Identification and the analysis of new changes in legal provisions of Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Code of the Republic of Kosovo for efficiency improvement of SoL institute.
Scope of the innovative technological product: This research will contribute and fulfill the scientific knowledge fund on the SoL problem in Kosovo and its enforcement. Also, the research results can create some starting points for more complex scientific research in the future for the Institute of SoL in the Republic of Kosovo or in the other countries of the region.
Dissolved oxygen determination in sewers using flow hydraulic parameters as part of a physical-biological simulation model
Authors: Heydarzadeh Reza , Tabesh Massoud , Scholz Miklas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to develop a model for calculating the hydraulic and water quality parameters of wastewater within sewers. Information from the wastewater collection network and the transmission line in Birjand were used to verify the model performance. The parameters used for modelling quality changes include the yield constant for biomass (YH), the maximum specific growth rate (μH), the saturation constant for dissolved oxygen (KOG) and the saturation constant for readily biodegradable substrate within a biofilm (KSF), as well as the Gauckler–Manning–Strickler coefficient (n). They were selected from references and were verified at the calibration stage comparing measurements with the modelling values. Inputs of the created model are the average concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand of the incoming wastewater, the flow rate of wastewater at the exit point of the network, physical characteristics of the pipes and the height of drops within the sewer network. The amount of dissolved oxygen at different positions of the sewer network was calculated. The acceptable calculated sum of squares of errors and the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibrated model for dissolved oxygen were 1.6872 and 0.77, respectively.
Potential health concerns due to elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater of villages of Vadodara and Chhota Udaipur districts of Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Smruti V. , Khatri Nitasha , Chavda Paresh , Jha Ashutosh K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In an attempt to assess the groundwater quality of Vadodara and Chhota Udaipur districts and check its suitability for drinking purposes, a total of 162 samples (50 samples during pre-monsoon season and 54 samples during post-monsoon season from Vadodara district and 29 samples during both pre- and post-monsoon seasons from Chhota Udaipur district) were collected from 63 villages of both the districts for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons during 2016–17. The analysis was carried out for physicochemical characteristics and the analytical results have been interpreted by graphical representation, correlation and regression analysis and water quality index so that the quality of groundwater can be easily understood. The analytical results were then compared with the Indian Standards Drinking Water-Specification (Second Revision). From this study, it is concluded that the overall groundwater quality of the region is comparatively good; however, elevated nitrate levels resulted in many of the samples having raised concern and the necessity to make all possible efforts to improve the quality of groundwater wherever deteriorated.
Climate risk-informed decision analysis (CRIDA): ‘top-down’ vs ‘bottom-up’ decision making for planning water resources infrastructure
Authors: Manous Joe , Stakhiv Eugene Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate risk-informed decision analysis (CRIDA) is a guidebook that lays out an evaluation framework and decision procedures to deal with climate uncertainties that are consistent with traditional agency water resources planning frameworks. CRIDA guidelines complement existing institutional guidance on recognizing circumstances when more complex risk-based climate analysis may be needed, above those required by standard planning procedures. The procedures are based on the concept of ‘decision-scaling’ judgments to qualitatively assess levels of future risk and analytical uncertainty stemming from climate change-related uncertainties, and as a guide for choosing specific analytical approaches and appropriate levels of analysis. CRIDA addresses how much detail is appropriate for a given problem setting, depending on infrastructure type and function, whether it is new design or rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, modular design or long-life infrastructure. CRIDA was structured to resolve the contentious issue of deciding under what circumstances a ‘top-down’ climate scenario-driven analysis ought to be conducted versus a more traditional ‘bottom-up’ vulnerability assessment, based on conventional agency project feasibility procedures. The procedures for such vulnerability assessments and planning procedures are well-represented in classical approaches, such as those included in the 1983 U.S. Water Resources Council's ‘Principles and Guidelines’. These commonly used procedures promote normative evaluation protocols and decision rules that generate alternative solutions which minimize risk-cost outcomes.
Isolation and algicidal properties study of the strain G1 from reservoir sediments
Authors: Yuan Keting , Wan Qiong , Ren Dajun , Chai Beibei , Kang Aiqing , Lei Xiaohui , Chen Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is a globally important cyanobacterial species that poses a threat to human health and development. The use of bacteria to control algal blooms has become an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, the algicidal strain G1 was isolated from sediments of a reservoir in Xi'an, China, identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and its algicidal effects were investigated. The rDNA sequence of G1 (GenBank accession number MW205793) is 99.86% similar to that of Chitinimonas sp., and the strain indirectly solubilised algae. Algae removal by G1 was optimal during the decay phase (algae solubilisation rate = 65.85%). Temperature (5–120 °C) did not significantly affect algae removal, pH 5–9 was tolerated, and pH 7 achieved the highest algae lysis rate (63.56%). Ultrasonic treatment of G1 destroyed the algae-solubilising effect. An injection ratio of 15% achieved the highest algae lysis rate (67.64%) under 12 h:12 h light:dark conditions, and full darkness achieved the highest algae lysis rate (68.21%). Thus, G1 can effectively inhibit the reproduction of M. aeruginosa, making it a promising biological agent for controlling algal growth.
TÉCNICAS DE PROCESSAMENTO DE IMAGENS PARA TREINAMENTO DE FOTOINTERPRETES NA AVALIAÇÃO VISUAL DE ÁREAS ÚMIDAS E DE MANCHAS E CICATRIZES DE QUEIMADAS OU INCÊNDIOS
Authors: Silva Isadora Taborda , Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Silva Normandes Matos da , Mioto Camila Leonardo , Guaraldo Eliane , Filho Antonio Conceição Paranhos 
Published: November 2021

Áreas úmidas são um dos ecossistemas mais valiosos da Terra, que estão submetidas a forte pressão antrópica (queimadas) e processos naturais como os incêndios. O Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense é um exemplo. O monitoramento em larga escala de áreas úmidas é de grande importância, mas também desafiador. Utilizou-se acervo de imagens do satélite Sentinel-2 para caracterização e monitoramento do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense. O objetivo foi avaliar técnicas de realce e de composição de bandas espectrais para a identificação de padrões na superfície de áreas úmidas e de queimadas e incêndios na borda do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense. A pesquisa selecionou duas áreas amostrais submetidas ao processo de realce espacial utilizando a técnica de reamostragem por pixels. Recomenda-se a composição SWIR 2M(12)NIR(8)BLUE(2) como a mais adequada para interpretação visual de áreas úmidas e de cicatrizes e manchas de queimadas ou incêndios. A interpretação visual é um recurso ágil para uma primeira aproximação no processo de avaliação e tomada de decisão em termos de ações de monitoramento espacial e temporal em áreas úmidas.