bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified method for resected specimen processing in rectal cancer: Semi‐opened with transverse slicing for measuring of the circumferential resection margin
Authors: Ishii Masayuki , Takemasa Ichiro , Okita Kenji , Okuya Koichi , Hamabe Atsushi , Nishidate Toshihiko , Akizuki Emi , Sato Yu , Miura Ryo , Korai Takahiro , Sugita Shintaro , Hasegawa Tadashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCircumferential resection margin (CRM) is essential for oncological quality assessment in rectal cancer surgery. CRM represents a surrogate parameter for oncological outcomes and is important for stratifying treatment strategies in Western nations. In Japan, the mesentery is removed for specimen processing in order to extract as many lymph nodes (LNs) as possible; consequently, CRM cannot be measured. Given the diversification of treatment strategies for rectal cancer, the lack of measurement of CRM to assess surgical outcomes is a crucial issue that must be resolved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method enabling measurement of CRM while enjoying the advantages of the Japanese method. In the method we developed, the mesentery is removed from the rectum more than 2 cm away from the tumor, and the vicinity of the tumor is circularized. It is necessary to investigate the usefulness of this method prospectively in a multi‐center study.
Telecom reforms in India: An assessment of policy architecture, outcomes, and political underpinnings
Authors: Sathye Suneeta , Sathye Milind 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Indian telecom network is the second‐largest in the world after China and the fastest growing network globally. Consequently, India's telecom reforms have engaged the attention of researchers. This policy review traces these reforms and their impact using the sequencing literature. It also examines the political ideologies that shaped relevant policies, the outcomes produced and outlines the outlook for the future. The study contributes to the public versus private debate using the sequencing lens, not used hitherto, to study the reforms and thereby advance relevant literature. The lessons for information technology policy and for public administration and management are also highlighted.
A 21st century cognitive portrait of the Himba, a remote people of Namibia
Authors: Trémolière Bastien , Davidoff Jules , Caparos Serge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research sketches the cognitive portrait of the Himba, a remote population from Northern Namibia living in a non‐industrial society almost completely devoid of modern artefacts. We compared the Himba sample to a French sample, exploring cognitive reflection, moral judgement, cooperative behaviour, paranormal beliefs, and happiness. We looked for both differences and similarities across cultures, and for the way cognitive functioning is associated with a range of demographic variables. Results showed some important group differences, with the Himba being more intuitive, more religious, happier, and less utilitarian than the French participants. Further, the predictors of these beliefs and behaviours differed between the two groups. The present results provide additional support to the recent line of research targeting cultural variations and similarities, and call for the need to expand psychology research beyond the Western world.
Treatment of refractory subacute cuataneous lupus erythematosus with baricitinib
Authors: Joos L. , Vetterli F. , Jaeger T. , Cozzio A. , von Kempis J. , Rubbert-Roth A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on a patient who presented with refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The scaly annular and polycyclic patches/plaques, and hyperkeratotic lesions on multiple fingers improved rapidly after treatment with baricitinib.
In need of what? Section 17 Provision under the Children Act 1989
Authors: Cooper Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article considers Section 17 ‘child in need’ provision under the Children Act 1989, the main legislation governing Children's Services in England. Arguably, Section 17 has never been given the same priority as other statutory requirements under the Act. The intention was to create a broad umbrella provision for children living with their families, but children assessed as ‘in need’ are not entitled to receive such services unless they are disabled. This exploration is timely given the current Independent Review of Children's Social Care in England, ongoing austerity measures, high rates of child poverty and COVID‐19. Consideration is given to the development of Section 17 and what the future may hold.
A randomized clinical study using optical coherence tomography to evaluate the short‐term effects of high‐intensity interval training on cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a HITTS substudy
Authors: Rafique Muzammil , Solberg Ole Geir , Gullestad Lars , Bendz Bjørn , Holm Niels Ramsing , Neghabat Omeed , Dijkstra Jouke , Nytrøen Kari , Rolid Katrine , Lunde Ketil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a leading cause of long‐term mortality after heart transplantation. Both preventive measures and treatment options are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the short‐term effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) on CAV in de novo heart transplant (HTx) recipients as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The study population was a subgroup of the 81‐patient HITTS study in which HTx recipients were randomized to HIT or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) for nine consecutive months. OCT images from baseline and 12 months were compared to assess CAV progression. The primary endpoint was defined as the change in the mean intima area. Paired OCT data were available for 56 patients (n = 23 in the HIT group and n = 33 in the MICT group). The intima area in the entire study population increased by 25% [from 1.8±1.4 mm2 to 2.3±2.0 mm2, P < .05]. The change was twofold higher in the MICT group (.6±1.2 mm2) than in the HIT group (.3±.6 mm2). However, the treatment effect of HIT was not significant (treatment effect = –.3 mm2, 95% CI [–.825 to .2 mm2] P = .29). These results suggest that early initiation of HIT compared with MICT does not attenuate CAV progression in de novo HTx recipients.
First trimester prenatal diagnosis of a severe tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary valve atresia
Authors: Cordisco, MD Adalgisa , Lozza Virginia , Filice Maria Elena , Chiappa Enrico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly diagnosis of congenital heart defect (CHD) increased in the last two decades, following technological evolution. A recent meta‐analysis (Yu, 2020), on diagnostic accuracy in ultrasound detection of major CHD in the first trimester of pregnancy, reported an overall sensitivity of 75%. Ultrasound imaging of this case refers to a tricuspid valve dysplasia with right atriomegaly and pulmonary valve atresia diagnosed in a 13‐week gestational‐age fetus with low risk for chromosomal abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing such features in the first trimester. We believe the precocity and severity of onset make this a case of diagnostic interest.
Sampling bias exaggerates a textbook example of a trophic cascade
Authors: Brice Elaine M. , Larsen Eric J. , MacNulty Daniel R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding trophic cascades in terrestrial wildlife communities is a major challenge because these systems are difficult to sample properly. We show how a tradition of non‐random sampling has confounded this understanding in a textbook system (Yellowstone National Park) where carnivore [Canis lupus (wolf)] recovery is associated with a trophic cascade involving changes in herbivore [Cervus canadensis (elk)] behaviour and density that promote plant regeneration. Long‐term data indicate a practice of sampling only the tallest young plants overestimated regeneration of overstory aspen (Populus tremuloides) by a factor of 4–7 compared to random sampling because it favoured plants taller than the preferred browsing height of elk and overlooked non‐regenerating aspen stands. Random sampling described a trophic cascade, but it was weaker than the one that non‐random sampling described. Our findings highlight the critical importance of basic sampling principles (e.g. randomisation) for achieving an accurate understanding of trophic cascades in terrestrial wildlife systems.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals the genetic stock structure of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae)
Authors: Koot Emily , Wu Chen , Ruza Igor , Hilario Elena , Storey Roy , Wells Richard , Chagné David , Wellenreuther Maren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe assessment of the genetic structuring of biodiversity is crucial for management and conservation. This is particularly critical for widely distributed and highly mobile deep‐water teleosts, such as hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). This species is significant to Māori people and supports the largest commercial fishery in New Zealand, but uncertainty about its stock structure presents a challenge for management. Here, we apply a comprehensive genomic analysis to shed light on the demographic structure of this species by (1) assembling the genome, (2) generating a catalogue of genome‐wide SNPs to infer the stock structure and (3) identifying regions of the genome under selection. The final genome assembly used short and long reads and is near complete, representing 93.8% of BUSCO genes, and consisting of 566 contigs totalling 501 Mb. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing of 510 hoki sampled from 14 locations around New Zealand and Australia, at a read depth greater than 10×, produced 227,490 filtered SNPs. Analyses of these SNPs were able to resolve the stock structure of hoki into two genetically and geographically distinct clusters, one including the Australian and the other one all New Zealand locations, indicating genetic exchange between these regions is limited. Location differences within New Zealand samples were much more subtle (global FST  = 0.0006), and while small and significant differences could be detected, they did not conclusively identify additional substructures. Ten putative adaptive SNPs were detected within the New Zealand samples, but these also did not geographically partition the dataset further. Contemporary and historical Ne estimation suggest the current New Zealand population of hoki is large yet declining. Overall, our study provides the first genomic resources for hoki and provides detailed insights into the fine‐scale population genetic structure to inform the management of this species.
Benefit and harm of anticoagulation in the prevention of thromboembolic stroke for non‐valvular atrial fibrillation in haemodialysis patients: a Top End of Northern Australia study
Authors: Xu Chi , Abeyaratne Asanga , Wong Yun Hui Sheryl , Majoni Sandawana William 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWarfarin for the prevention of non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related thromboembolic stroke in patients on maintenance haemodialysis is controversial. Despite the exclusion of haemodialysis patients in randomised control trials, the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology has recommended warfarin in high‐risk AF patients.AimsTo retrospectively examine the utility of warfarin anticoagulation therapy in our prevalent haemodialysis patients over 10 years of follow up.MethodsEligible patients were retrospectively identified and stratified to two cohorts based on whether warfarin was prescribed. The outcomes of interest were ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke and death from any cause. Rate ratio and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to compare the differences in outcome between the two cohorts. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyse survival.ResultsThree ischaemic strokes and four haemorrhagic strokes occurred in the unexposed group of 166 patients over 484.44 patient‐years of follow up. One ischaemic stroke and no cases of haemorrhagic stroke occurred in the exposed warfarin group of 16 patients over 39.32 patient‐years of follow up. Eighty‐seven percent of patients in both groups were indigenous. More than 90% of each cohort had a CHA2DS2‐VaSc score ≥2. One hundred and one deaths, 90 in the unexposed group and 11 in the warfarin group, occurred in the follow‐up period. A non‐statistically significant trend towards increasing mortality was observed in the warfarin group (hazard ratio = 1.63; P = 0.13).ConclusionThis retrospective study of prevalent haemodialysis patients with co‐existing history of non‐valvular AF failed to demonstrate sufficient evidence for the routine use of warfarin for prophylaxis of thromboembolic stroke.
Regulation of posterior Hox genes by sex steroids explains vertebral variation in inbred mouse strains
Authors: Mulley John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA series of elegant embryo transfer experiments in the 1950s demonstrated that the uterine environment could alter vertebral patterning in inbred mouse strains. In the intervening decades, attention has tended to focus on the technical achievements involved and neglected the underlying biological question: how can genetically homogenous individuals have a heterogenous number of vertebrae? Here I revisit these experiments and, with the benefit of knowledge of the molecular‐level processes of vertebral patterning gained over the intervening decades, suggest a novel hypothesis for homeotic transformation of the last lumbar vertebra to the adjacent sacral type through regulation of Hox genes by sex steroids. Hox genes are involved in both axial patterning and development of male and female reproductive systems and have been shown to be sensitive to sex steroidsin vitroandin vivo. Regulation of these genes by sex steroids and resulting alterations to vertebral patterning may hint at a deep evolutionary link between the ribless lumbar region of mammals and the switch from egg‐laying to embryo implantation. An appreciation of the impact of sex steroids on Hox genes may explain some puzzling aspects of human disease, and highlights the spine as a neglected target forin uteroexposure to endocrine disruptors.
Influence of topical corticosteroids on malignant transformation of oral lichen planus
Authors: Bindakhil Mohammed , Akintoye Sunday , Corby Patricia , Stoopler Eric T. , Greenberg Martin S. , Shanti Rabie , Tanaka Takako I. , Sollecito Thomas P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is considered an oral potentially malignant disorder. While OLP has been associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), little is known about the role of topical corticosteroids therapy (TCT) in the promotion of carcinogenesis. The study aimed to determine if TCT influences the time of malignant transformation of OLP to OSCC. The study also investigates this correlation in the presence or absence of Candida overgrowth, and in the context of conventional OSCC risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, and male gender.MethodsA retrospective analysis of electronic health records at a tertiary care academic medical center was performed. Patients with OLP and OSCC were considered for inclusion. The diagnosis of OLP required both clinical and histological documentation.ResultsEighty‐two patients met inclusion criteria, consisting of 48 women (58.25%) and 34 men (41.5%) and the mean patient age was 65.9 years (SD = 13.25). Forty‐five patients (54.9%) received TCT for OLP before they developed OSCC. The time between the OLP and OSCC diagnoses increased by four years in patients who received topical steroid therapy for OLP (p < 0.001) and decreased by three years (p = 0.010) in those with Candida overgrowth. Gender, smoking, and alcohol use did not have a statistically significant influence on the time between OLP and OSCC.ConclusionThe management of OLP using TCT potentially delayed cancer development in our study. Conversely, it appears that Candida may play a role in the field cancerization of OLP patients.
Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Meniscal Repair in the White‐White Zone of the Meniscus
Authors: Xiao Wen‐feng , Yang Yun‐tao , Xie Wen‐qing , He Miao , Liu Di , Cai Zi‐jun , Yu Deng‐jie , Li Yu‐sheng , Wei Li‐cheng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on the repair of meniscal white‐white zone injury through promoting the proliferation of canine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).MethodsA total of 24 beagle dogs were selected to construct meniscal white‐white zone injury models in both lateral knee joints. All subjects were divided into four groups: control, BMSCs, PRP, and PRP + BMSCs. Immunohistochemistry was applied in the expression detection of type I and type II collagens. HE staining and methylene blue staining were performed to observe the injury of cartilage of lateral femoral condyle in each group. ELISA was used to detect the osteopontin (OPN) content in cartilage of lateral femoral condyle. HE staining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to observe the healing of meniscus in each group. Outcome measures include the expression of OPN in the synovial fluid of knee joint, the expression of type I collagen and type II collagen, the healing of meniscus injury, and the damage degree of lateral femoral condyle cartilage.ResultsCompared with the control group, the expressions of type I and type II collagens were enhanced in the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group. Compared with 1 week before modeling, the expression of OPN was elevated in the control group and the BMSCs group at 3 weeks after modeling. There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group. According to MRI and pathological section after HE staining, meniscal healing in the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group was significantly improved as compared to that of the control group and the BMSCs group (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the PRP group and the PRP + BMSCs group (P > 0.05). All subjects were divided into the non‐healing group and the healing group in accordance with the HE staining results in previous experiment. The injury of cartilage of lateral femoral condyle was significantly heavier in the non‐healing group than that in the healing group.ConclusionThe application of PRP alone or in combination with BMSCs could promote the clinical healing rate of meniscal white‐white zone injury.
Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in reducing counts of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans from C‐shaped root canals
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed , Alamri Hadi Mohammed , Almokhatieb Ahmed A. , Alqahtani Ali Robaian , Alayad Abdullah S. , Divakar Darshan Devang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe aim was to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation (MI) in reducing Enterococcus faecalis (E faecalis) and Candida albicans (C albicans) counts from C‐shaped root‐canals.MethodsTeeth with C‐shaped canals as identified on cone beam computed tomographic images were included. Following incubation with E faecalis and C albicans, samples were divided into 4 groups a four follows: Group‐1: MI with adjunct aPDT; Group‐2: aPDT alone; Group‐3: MI alone; and Group‐4: no treatment. The pulp chambers of these teeth were exposed and coronal pulp was mechanically derided using sterile endodontic excavators. Using flexible files, all canals were debrided up to size #30 K‐files with intermittent irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. In Groups 1 and 3, methylene‐blue was injected in all canals and aPDT was performed using a 600 nm diode laser. Sample‐size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation and group‐comparisons were done using one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post‐hoc adjustment tests. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSixty periodontally hopeless mandibular second molars with C‐shaped canals were included. There was a statistically significant reduction CFU/mL of E faecalis (P < .001) and C albicans (P < .001). At post‐operative microbial assessments in Group‐1. There was no difference CFU/mL of E faecalis and C albicans at post‐operative microbial assessments in Groups 2‐4.ConclusionMI with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing count of E faecalis and C albicans from C‐shaped root canals.
Understanding Thermal Lagging Behaviors in Thermoelectric Elements With the Dual-Phase-Lag Model
Authors: Yeung Wing K. , Lam Tung T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the heat transport mechanism in semiconductor elements within a homogeneous thermoelectric cooling system using the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. The thermal lagging behavior is analyzed and explored during the energy transport process. The coupled energy and constitutive partial differential equations are solved simultaneously to reduce the complexity of the high-order spatial and time derivatives. This approach simplifies the mathematical solution process and reduces numerical instabilities when compared to the conventional methodology in which either the temperature or heat flux is solved individually with a single equation. The effect of the thermal lagging behavior on energy transport is examined and compared to results by using the Cattaneo–Vernotte model. Furthermore, the phase-lag behavior on the temperature and heat flux profiles is investigated in detail. This study provides perceptive information for engineering applications in which the microscale heat transport phenomenon plays a significant role during the design process. Adding the dual-phase-lag model to the traditional heat diffusion model is a complementary option for engineers in the thermoelectric industry.
Modeling, Implementing, and Evaluating of an Advanced Dual Axis Heliostat Drive System
Authors: Hamanah W. M. , Salem A. S. , Abido M. A. , Al-Sulaiman F. A. , Qwbaiban A. M. , Habetler T. G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heliostat tracking is a critical component of the solar field of concentrating solar power tower (SPT) systems and can be the source of significant losses in power and profit when it lacks the necessary accuracy. This paper presents an advanced heliostat drive system for the SPT generation plant. An integrated model for the heliostat drive system based on dual axes tracking is proposed using an inexpensive angle sensor. The mathematical model of the integrated drive system is developed, including the solar, tower, and heliostat models. The matlab simulation model for the proposed integrated drive system is developed and evaluated. An experimental prototype for a dual-axis heliostat is built using Class-E direct current choppers and an inexpensive Gyro angle sensor. The prototype is tested and considered in the Dhahran region in Saudi Arabia under different operating conditions. A comparative study between simulation and experimental results is conducted to assess the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed controller drive system and validate the developed integrated model. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dual-axis trackers to follow the sunbeams throughout the year.