bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of CO2 absorption performance between methyl‐di‐ ethanolamine and tri‐ethanolamine solution systems and its analysis in terms of amine molecules
Authors: Han Sang‐Jun , Wee Jung‐Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study analyzes the features of chemical CO2 absorption using tertiary amine solvents by comparing the absorption performance and electrical properties between methyl‐di‐ethanolamine (MDEA) and tri‐ethanolamine (TEA) systems. The results are mostly attributed to the different structures of the two amine molecules. Absorption performance is significantly affected by the molecular structure and water concentration in the amine solution. The absorption performance of the MDEA system is better than that of TEA, which is basically ascribed to the MDEA molecule's more asymmetric and irregular shape than that of TEA, which thus enhances the catalytic activity of MDEA and the reactivity of the −OH moiety in water. The difference of electrical properties such as ionic conductivities (ICs) of the two protonated amines and real ionic activity coefficients (RIAC) between the two systems might be also caused by the different molecular structures of the two amines. The IC of protonated MDEA is estimated to be 23.70% higher than that of protonated TEA, because of the higher ionic mobility and charge density of MDEA. The RIAC of the MDEA system is higher than that of TEA, which is explained by the different physicochemical interactions between the molecules in the two systems. Since water is one of the reactants in the absorption, its concentration in solution significantly affects the results of the systems. In addition, the absorption using tertiary amine is a base‐catalyzed reaction, and thus variations of the overall absorption rate follow a parabolic curve. Therefore, it is maximized to be 14.2 and 9.8 mmol CO2·L−1·min−1 in the 15 wt% MDEA and TEA solutions, respectively. Finally, the correlated equations for in situ estimation of chemical absorption capacity by electrical conductivity measured during the absorption are derived in the two systems. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Induced Protein 8–Like 2 Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Suppressing Transforming Growth Factor Beta–Activated Kinase 1 Activation
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Song Jingjing , Yang Juan , Zheng Jilin , Yang Ling , Gao Jun , Tian Song , Liu Zhen , Meng Xiangbin , Wang Jian‐Cheng , Dai Zhifei , Tang Yi‐Da 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
NAFLD prevalence has increased rapidly and become a major global health problem. Tumor necrosis factor α–induced protein 8–like 2 (TIPE2) plays a protective role in a cluster of liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of TIPE2 in NAFLD remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of TIPE2 in the development of NAFLD.

Approach and Results
Our study found that in vitro overexpression or knockout of TIPE2 significantly ameliorated or aggravated lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes exposed to metabolic stimulation, respectively. Consistently, in vivo hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis were alleviated in hepatic Tipe2‐transgenic mice but exaggerated in hepatic Tipe2‐knockout mice treated by metabolic challenges. RNA sequencing revealed that TIPE2 was significantly associated with the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that TIPE2 bound with transforming growth factor beta–activated kinase 1 (TAK1), prevented tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6–mediated TAK1 ubiquitination and subsequently inhibited the TAK1 phosphorylation and activation of TAK1–c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling. Further investigation showed that blocking the activity of TAK1 reversed the worsening of hepatic metabolic disorders and inflammation in hepatic‐specific Tipe2‐knockout hepatocytes and mice treated with metabolic stimulation.

Conclusions
TIPE2 suppresses NAFLD advancement by blocking TAK1‐JNK/p38 pathway and is a promising target molecule for NAFLD therapy.
A Mouse Model of Cholangiocarcinoma Uncovers a Role for Tensin‐4 in Tumor Progression
Authors: Di‐Luoffo Mickaël , Pirenne Sophie , Saandi Thoueiba , Loriot Axelle , Gérard Claude , Dauguet Nicolas , Manzano‐Núñez Fátima , Alves Souza Carvalhais Natália , Lamoline Florence , Cordi Sabine , Konobrocka Katarzyna , De Greef Vitaline , Komuta Mina , Halder Georg , Jacquemin Patrick , Lemaigre Frédéric P. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Earlier diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are necessary to improve therapy, yet limited information is available about initiation and evolution of iCCA precursor lesions. Therefore, there is a need to identify mechanisms driving formation of precancerous lesions and their progression toward invasive tumors using experimental models that faithfully recapitulate human tumorigenesis.

Approach and Results
To this end, we generated a mouse model which combines cholangiocyte‐specific expression of KrasG12D
with 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet‐induced inflammation to mimic iCCA development in patients with cholangitis. Histological and transcriptomic analyses of the mouse precursor lesions and iCCA were performed and compared with human analyses. The function of genes overexpressed during tumorigenesis was investigated in human cell lines. We found that mice expressing KrasG12D
in cholangiocytes and fed a DDC diet developed cholangitis, ductular proliferations, intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile ducts (IPNBs), and, eventually, iCCAs. The histology of mouse and human IPNBs was similar, and mouse iCCAs displayed histological characteristics of human mucin‐producing, large‐duct–type iCCA. Signaling pathways activated in human iCCA were also activated in mice. The identification of transition zones between IPNB and iCCA on tissue sections, combined with RNA‐sequencing analyses of the lesions supported that iCCAs derive from IPNBs. We further provide evidence that tensin‐4 (TNS4), which is stimulated by KRASG12D
and SRY‐related HMG box transcription factor 17, promotes tumor progression.

Conclusions
We developed a mouse model that faithfully recapitulates human iCCA tumorigenesis and identified a gene cascade which involves TNS4 and promotes tumor progression.
Elective Surgery but not Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Precipitates Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Chang Johannes , Bamarni Avend , Böhling Nina , Zhou Xin , Klein Leah‐Marie , Meinke Jonathan , Duerr Georg Daniel , Lingohr Philipp , Wehner Sven , Brol Maximilian J. , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Kalff Jörg C. , Manekeller Steffen , Meyer Carsten , Spengler Ulrich , Jansen Christian , Arroyo Vicente , Strassburg Christian P. , Trebicka Jonel , Praktiknjo Michael 
Published: March 2021

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome associated with organ failure and high short‐term mortality. Presence of ACLF at interventions, such as surgery or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), has been shown to determine outcome, but those interventions have also been attributed to precipitate ACLF in different studies. However, dedicated investigation for the risk of ACLF development in these interventions, especially in elective settings, has not been conducted. Patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective surgery were propensity score matched and compared to patients receiving TIPS. The primary endpoint was ACLF development within 28 days after the respective procedure. The secondary endpoint was 3‐month and 1‐year mortality. In total, 190 patients were included. Within 28 days, ACLF developed in 24% of the surgery and 3% of the TIPS cohorts, with the highest ACLF incidence between 3 and 8 days. By day 28 after the procedure, ACLF improved in the TIPS cohort. In both cohorts, patients developing ACLF within 28 days after surgery or TIPS placement showed significantly worse survival than patients without ACLF development at follow‐up. After 12 months, mortality was significantly higher in the surgery cohort compared to the TIPS cohort (40% vs. 23%, respectively; P = 0.031). Regression analysis showed a European Foundation Chronic Liver Failure Consortium acute decompensation (CLIF‐C AD) score ≥50 and surgical procedure as independent predictors of ACLF development. CLIF‐C AD score ≥50, C‐reactive protein, and ACLF development within 28 days independently predicted 1‐year mortality. Conclusion: Elective surgical interventions in patients with cirrhosis precipitate ACLF development and ultimately death, but TIPS plays a negligible role in the development of ACLF. Elective surgery in patients with CLIF‐C AD ≥50 should be avoided, while the window of opportunity would be CLIF‐C AD <50.
Impact of Metabolic Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association With Immune Status and Vascular Formation
Authors: Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Kitamura Yoshiyuki , Yugawa Kyohei , Iseda Norifumi , Shimagaki Tomonari , Nagao Yoshihiro , Toshima Takeo , Harada Noboru , Kohashi Kenichi , Baba Shingo , Ishigami Kousei , Oda Yoshinao , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2021

We evaluated the prognostic value of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their association with programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and vascular formation was further investigated. In this retrospective study, using a database of 418 patients who had undergone 18F‐FDG PET/CT before hepatic resection for HCC, immunohistochemical staining of PD‐L1, clusters of differentiation (CD) 8, CD68, and CD34 was performed. Patients with a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F‐FDG PET/CT showed a significantly worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.500; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.088‐2.069; P = 0.0133) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.259; 95% CI: 1.276‐4.000; P = 0.0052) than patients with a low SUVmax. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high SUVmax in HCC was significantly associated with PD‐L1‐positive expression (odds ratio: 4.407; 95% CI: 2.265‐8.575; P < 0.0001). SUVmax values of HCC were associated with intratumoral CD8‐positive T‐cell counts (P = 0.0044) and CD68‐positive macrophage counts (P = 0.0061). Stratification based on SUVmax, PD‐L1 expression, and the vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) status was also significantly associated with RFS and OS. SUVmax, VETC, and PDL1 expression were independently predictive of survival on multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Our large cohort study showed that a high SUVmax on 18F‐FDG PET/CT is associated with a poor clinical outcome and PD‐L1 expression in patients with HCC. Additionally, stratification of patients based on the combination of SUVmax, PD‐L1 expression, and the VETC status predicts poor clinical outcome.
Understanding the synthesis of anthropometric diversity and workspace dimensions in ergonomic design of light armored vehicle
Authors: Wibneh Amare , Singh Ashish K. , Karmakar Sougata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveTo ensure effective carrying, scouting, patrolling, and large‐scale combat operations, the workspace design of light armored vehicles (LAVs) should be compatible with anthropometry and range of motion (ROM) measurements of the soldiers. This study examines the extent of mismatch between the anthropometric dimensions of the Ethiopian army and existing workspace dimensions of the LAV. Predictive equations have been formulated for design dimensions considering anthropometry and ROM of the target population to avoid possible incompatibility.MethodThe assessment was conducted on three existing Ethiopian LAVs, and mathematical equations were framed to predict the vehicular design dimensions. Anthropometric and ROM data of Ethiopian soldiers (n = 310) from an earlier reported survey by the authors were utilized. The accommodation capacity of existing LAVs was evaluated using a one‐way or two‐way (mis)match criterion, based on individual workspace characteristics. Along with the predicted dimensions, key vehicular dimensions were compared with other globally accepted vehicular standard dimensions.ResultsTwenty‐two basic design dimensions that comply with ergonomics principles were proposed. A high mismatch (in terms of the accommodating capacities of the three LAVs) between the existing and predicted design dimensions indicates the incompatibility of the existing design dimensions in their accommodation of most Ethiopian army personnel. The predicted dimensions comply with different global vehicular standards, thus validating the results.ConclusionThe research findings indicate that the incompatibilities between vehicular space dimensions and army personnel's anthropometry must be addressed to evade the adverse consequences on occupational health. The LAVs should be redesigned according to the anthropometry and ROM dimensions of Ethiopian soldiers.
Luquillo Experimental Forest: Catchment science in the montane tropics
Authors: McDowell William H. , Leon Miguel C. , Shattuck Michelle D. , Potter Jody D. , Heartsill‐Scalley Tamara , González Grizelle , Shanley James B. , Wymore Adam S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCatchments in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) of Puerto Rico are warm, wet and tropical with steep elevational relief creating gradients in temperature and rainfall. Long‐term objectives of research at the site are to understand how changing climate and disturbance regimes alter hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the montane tropics and to provide information critical for managing and conserving tropical forest ecosystems globally. Measurements of hydrology and meteorology span decades, and currently include temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloud base level, throughfall, groundwater table elevation and stream discharge. The chemistry of rain, throughfall, and streams is measured weekly and lysimeters and wells are sampled monthly to quarterly. Multiple data sets document the effects of major hurricanes including Hugo (1989), Georges (1998) and Maria (2017) on vegetation, biota and catchment biogeochemistry and provide some of the longest available records of biogeochemical fluxes in tropical forests. Here we present an overview of the findings and the data sets that have been generated from the LEF, highlighting their importance for understanding montane tropical watersheds in the context of disturbance and global environmental change.
Postemergence Polygonum aviculare control in Cynodon dactylon turf
Authors: Askew Whitnee L. B. , Willis John B. , Beam Josh B. , Venner Katelyn A. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Askew Shawn D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeer‐reviewed research is not available to explain Polygonum aviculare L. (prostrate knotweed) control in Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass) turf, yet P. aviculare is common and troublesome in managed C. dactylon turf. Six experiments were conducted to determine control options for P. aviculare in C. dactylon golf roughs managed in Hanover, VA. Studies evaluated hormone, photosystem, and ALS inhibiting herbicides. Among a group of eighteen herbicide treatments, only six controlled P. aviculare over 80% and these included single products or mixtures containing 2,4‐D, dicamba, metsulfuron, or chlorsulfuron. Imazaquin, quinclorac, and triclopyr caused transient C. dactylon injury. Treatments dependent on bromoxynil, triclopyr, clopyralid, quinclorac, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, imazaquin, foramsulfuron, flazasulfuron, trifloxysulfuron sodium, or sulfosulfuron are unlikely to adequately control P. aviculare in C. dactylon turf.
Field assessment of flazasulfuron and trifloxysulfuron sodium drift
Authors: Askew Shawn D. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Jester Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExposure of non‐target species pesticide via drift is of concern to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as evidenced by required buffer zones and language on labels regarding offsite exposure to endangered species. In 2008, flazasulfuron received a conditional registration that specified a 30‐m nontreated buffer between treated areas and sensitive plants. This buffer would make most intended uses of flazasulfuron in warm‐season turfgrass impossible. Assessment of drift in field conditions is required to replace model‐predicted buffer restrictions. Studies were conducted to assess drift of flazasulfuron and a similar herbicide, trifloxysulfuron sodium, in field conditions using conventional turfgrass spray equipment and maximum boom height and minimum droplet size specified on product labels. Herbicides were applied perpendicular to a 6.4 to 9.7 km h−1 wind over ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf and sentinel corn plants were placed at distances between 0 and 30.5 m downwind. A bioassay based on reduction of corn height growth rate and shoot biomass indicated trifloxysulfuron sodium and flazasulfuron reduced corn growth similarly but the magnitude of these effects were dependent on year. Year dependency was likely associated with differences in corn cultivars between years. Herbicide drift was not detected beyond 4.6 m downwind of any application. Upon reviewing these and other data, EPA approved a label modification for flazasulfuron that reduced the minimum buffer to 7.6 m.
Influence of grass species and mowing practices on weed cover and quality in infrequently mowed grass stands
Authors: Landschoot Peter J. , Fidanza Michael A. , Kister Shawn M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfrequently mowed grass areas on institutional grounds and golf courses can reduce mowing costs and impart a natural appearance to the property. However, weed encroachment into these areas can compromise aesthetic appeal of the stand and increase costs associated with weed control. The objective of this 2‐yr field study was to determine the influence of grass species and mowing frequency on weed cover and stand quality. Six grass species or mixtures of species were established from seed and subjected to three mowing frequency treatments at a 12.5‐cm mowing height: one mowing per year (December); two mowings per year (April and December); and three mowings per year (April, June, and December). Grass species treatment influenced weed cover and quality on all rating dates. Treatments showing the least weed cover over two growing seasons included strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). The treatment showing greatest weed cover was autumn bentgrass [Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman]. Mowing frequency did not have a significant influence on weed cover. Stand quality varied among species treatments over the course of the study and among mowing frequency treatments for individual species. Autumn bentgrass, a little‐studied species native to North America, generally provided poor quality throughout the study and appeared unsuitable for use in infrequently mowed grass areas on institutional grounds and golf courses. Whereas the quality of strong creeping red fescue and tall fescue varied with time of year and mowing frequency in this study, both species provide effective weed suppression and can likely serve as acceptable plantings in infrequently mowed, out‐of‐play locations on golf courses and in areas that are typically viewed from a distance on large institutional properties.
Humic acids‐based biostimulants impact on root viability and hormone metabolism in creeping bentgrass putting greens
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Goatley Mike , McCall David , Kosiarski Kelly , Reith Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCreeping bentgrass putting greens experience quality decline during summer due to heat and drought stress in U.S. transition zone and other areas with similar climate. Plant biostimulants have been used to improve turfgrass tolerance to abiotic stress. This study was designed to investigate the effect and modes of action of humic acid (HA) based biostimulants on turf quality, root viability, and hormone metabolism of creeping bentgrass during summer stress. The two humic acid formulations – solid powder and liquid, were characterized and applied at two rates of each formulation to a creeping bentgrass putting green from May through August in this study. Auxin indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) served as the positive control. Foliar application of either solid or liquid HA at 0.2% and 0.3% biweekly improved turf quality, photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content at certain sampling dates. The HA treatments also increased leaf growth hormone cytokinin zeatin riboside (ZR) on July 25 and August 22 and auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) on August 22. The HA treatments improved root length, surface area (SA), root volume, biomass, and viability. Solid HA (HA‐S) at 0.2%, 0.3% solution, liquid HA (HA‐L) at 0.2%, and 0.3% increased root viability by 91.8%, 122.4%, 57.1%, and 71.4%, respectively, when compared to the control. This study suggests foliar application of humic acid‐based biostimulants may be considered as an effective tool to improve turf performance in creeping bentgrass putting greens during summer months.
Evaluating biological thatch control on Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. golf greens
Authors: Weaver Josh R. , McCarty Lambert B. , Quisenberry Virgil L. , Hubbard L. Ray , Bridges William G. , Brown Philip J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThatch is a layer of living and dead plant material (stems and roots) between turfgrass leaf tissue and the soil surface. If excessive, thatch can decrease turf playability, increase scalping and disease pressure, reduce pesticide efficacy and water infiltration, and harbor insects. In golf putting greens, disruptive mechanical practices such as vertical mowing, core cultivation, grooming, and topdressing are traditional agronomic methods for managing thatch/organic matter. Non‐disruptive biological thatch reducers have been used as an alternative. Field studies were conducted to evaluate two commercial biostimulant products, a liquid vermicompost extract marketed as Worm Power® Turf and a liquid humate derivative marketed as EarthMAX, and their ability to reduce thatch on a Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. ‘Diamond’ putting green; rooting depth and weight were also evaluated. EarthMAX® was applied at two rates/frequencies, EarthMAX (1) and EarthMAX (2). In addition, two industry standards were included: blackstrap molasses and sand topdressing. In Year 2, untreated resulted in ≥42% thicker thatch than EarthMAX (2) and blackstrap molasses, no other treatment was statistically different to untreated for both years. All treatments provided lower (≥48%) thatch thickness than the industry standard sand topdressing for both years. No treatment performed differently to the untreated for thatch weight. Blackstrap molasses provided greatest root weight for both years (≥133% and ≥184% than all other treatments); however, it also provided amongst the lowest root length. Inconsistent results make it difficult to recommend biostimulants for thatch reduction. Improvements amongst some treatments over untreated and sand topdressing indicate potential benefits of their use.