bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regarding Goal Bounding and Jump Point Search
Authors: Hu Yue , Harabor Daniel , Qin Long , Yin Quanjun 
Published: February 2021

Jump Point Search (JPS) is a well known symmetry-breaking algorithm that can substantially improve performance for grid-based optimal pathfinding. When the input grid is static further speedups can be obtained by combining JPS with goal bounding techniques such as Geometric Containers (instantiated as Bounding Boxes) and Compressed Path Databases. Two such methods, JPS+BB and Two-Oracle Path PlannING (Topping), are currently among the fastest known approaches for computing shortest paths on grids. The principal drawback for these algorithms is the overhead costs: each one requires an all-pairs precomputation step, the running time and subsequent storage costs of which can be prohibitive. In this work we consider an alternative approach where we precompute and store goal bounding data only for grid cells which are also jump points. Since the number of jump points is usually much smaller than the total number of grid cells, we can save up to orders of magnitude in preprocessing time and space.
Considerable precomputation savings do not necessarily mean performance degradation. For a second contribution we show how canonical orderings, partial expansion strategies and enhanced intermediate pruning can be leveraged to improve online query performance despite a reduction in preprocessed data. The combination of faster preprocessing and stronger online reasoning leads to three new and highly performant algorithms: JPS+BB+ and Two-Oracle Pathfinding Search (TOPS) based on search, and Topping+ based on path extraction. We give a theoretical analysis showing that each method is complete and optimal. We also report convincing gains in a comprehensive empirical evaluation that includes almost all current and cutting-edge algorithms for grid-based pathfinding.
Diagnose in der Modularen Produktion
Authors: Stutz Andreas , Steltner Holger , Büttner Karl , Brehm Christian , Gut Bernhard , Fengler Frank , Birkenkamp Marc , Spaethe Fabian , Kohlenberg Thorsten , Maurmaier Mathias , Pomraenke André , König Guido , Erben Stefan , Buleac Valentin , Scherwietes Thomas , Bloch Henry , Hensel Stephan , Grote Wilfried 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents concepts of operator- and system-centered diagnostics as well as approaches for the implementation of standardized diagnostics in modular process units - prepared by the ZVEI/NAMUR working group 4.1.1. Availability is a critical issue in the operation of process plants. Maintenance should not signify a substantial cost driver. By combining a MTP-like and NOA-like diagnostic channels, the balance between the encapsulation in operation (via MTP) and the necessary transparency for efficient diagnostics (via NOA) can be handled. In this paper, insights of both channels are presented to allow for open discussions about these concepts.
Renin-angiotensin system: role in the development and progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Chernogubova E. A. , Kogan M. I. 
Published: February 2021

Being the most common malignancy in men, prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant social and medical problem. The development of new approaches to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PCa is one of the most important tasks of current urological oncology.The renin-angiotensin cascade plays a crucial role in the regulation of most physiological and pathophysiological conditions in the human organism, including vascular tone, blood pressure, development and progression of atherosclerosis, and key metabolic processes. The classical regulation axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is well known and includes angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II/ angiotensin II receptors. Recently, new RAS elements have been found and described, such as ACE2 (homologue of ACE), angiotensin isoforms 1—7, alamandin, etc. This resulted in the discovery of many new alternative axes of RAS regulation, including ACE2/angiotensin-(1—7)/ MAS receptor, prorenin/(pro)renin receptor/MAP kinase, and angiotensin A/almandin/receptor D (MrgD). The prostate gland has a local RAS; all main components of RAS are expressed in prostate tissues.This review analyzes molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenic effects of RAS, as well as classical and alternative pathways of RAS regulation in PCa. We have described the results of studies evaluating individual RAS parameters in PCa, which confirm the existence of a complex network between various elements of local RAS and molecular and cellular mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis. RAS has been proved to play an important role in PCa development and progression.We have also covered new therapeutic targets for PCa treatment, presumable mechanisms of action, and prospects of using RAS inhibitors for PCa.
Janarismo em foco: a representação fotográfica da cidade de Macapá durante a formação do Território do Amapá (1944-1956)
Authors: Macêdo Luciana 
Published: February 2021

<p>A intenção deste trabalho é abordar, através da fotografia, a transformação da cidade de Macapá durante a formação do Território Federal do Amapá, no período de 1944-1956. A criação do território deu-se no ano de 1943 e a transferência da capital do município do Amapá para Macapá em 1944, quando Janary Gentil Nunes assumiu o governo do Território até 1956. Distante geograficamente dos grandes centros metropolitanos e políticos do Brasil, durante esse período o Território teve grande afirmação econômica, o que permitiu o crescimento de sua capital. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as transformações citadinas nos registros remanescentes feitos pelas lentes fotográficas à época. Detectou-se o forte caráter militar da nova capital, governada por um capitão do exército por quase doze anos, e a intenção de remodelar a cidade como uma moderna capital, com a existência de construções nos mais variados estilos arquitetônicos. O artigo recupera os principais fatos históricos da formação geopolítica da região até o período janarista, e concentra-se na análise das imagens referentes a três grandes construções realizadas na época em questão, obras que modificaram significativamente o perfil da cidade: o Macapá Hotel (1944), o Grupo Escolar Barão do Rio Branco (1946) e o Colégio Amapaense (1952).</p>
A COVID-19 model with a nonlinear incidence rate and intervention exit strategies for Kenya
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Nyabadza Farai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, a corona virus type that has previously not been seen in humans. The speedy spread of COVID-19 globally has greatly affected the socio-economic environments and health systems. To effectively address this rapid spread, it is imperative to have a clear understanding of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics. In this study we evaluate a COVID-19 epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence function and a saturating. We propose an SLIHRD data driven COVID 19 model which incorporates individual self initiated behavior change of the susceptible individuals. The proposed model allows the evaluation of the impact of easing intervention measures at specific times. To estimate the model parameters, the model was fitted to the daily reported COVID-19 cases in Kenya. Self initiated behavioral responses by individuals and large scale persistent testing proved to be the most effective measures to flatten the epidemic infection curve.The model illustrates the effect of mass testing on COVID-19 as well as individual self initiated behavioral change when the number of infected individuals increases. The results have significant impact on the management of COVID-19 and implementation of prevention policies.
Universal Risk Phenotype Of US Counties For Flu-like Transmission To Improve County-specific COVID-19 Incidence Forecasts
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ishanu , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The spread of a communicable disease is a complex spatio-temporal process shaped by the specific transmission mechanism, the survivability of the pathogen outside the host under harsh environmental conditions, and access to new viable hosts broadly determined by the local population characteristics, and its compliance to social distancing policies. While the key factors shaping transmission of influenza and COVID-19 are beginning to be broadly understood, making precise forecasts on case count and mortality is still difficult. Despite a diversity of approaches being used to model the COVID-19 pandemic, a single best model is yet to coalesce. In this study we introduce the concept of a universal geo-spatial risk measure, denoted as the Universal Influenza-like Transmission (UnIT) score, to quantify the risk phenotype of US counties facilitating flu-like transmission mechanisms. The UnIT score is computed as a purely information-theoretic function of past incidence data for seasonal flu epidemics, yet emerges as the dominant factor explaining observed county-specific incidence trends over a range of putative demographic and socio-economic factors for the COV-19 pandemic. The predictive ability of the UnIT score is further demonstrated via county-specific weekly case count forecasts which consistently outperform the best models in the current literature. This study demonstrates that knowledge of past epidemics may be used to chart the course of future ones, if transmission mechanisms are broadly similar, despite distinct disease processes and causative pathogens.
A comprehensive study of the anatomical variations of the posterolateral tubercle of talus&nbsp;
Authors: Kalbouneh Heba , Alsalem Mohammad , Hani Maysoon Bani , Alhusamiah Hamzeh , Momani Yazan , Massad Talal , Barakat Tamer , Alajoulin Omar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of our study was to establish the prevalence of the different anatomical variants of the posterolateral tubercle of talus on CT imaging. 1478 ankle CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for the different anatomical variants of the posterolateral tubercle of talus, the type and size of os trigonum. Normal sized lateral tubercle was found in 46.1%, an enlarged posterolateral tubercle (Stieda’s process) in 26.1%, os trigonum in 20.5% and almost absent tubercle in 7.3%. A statistically higher prevalence of Stieda’s process was found in males while os trigonum was higher in females (p<0.05). Among feet with os trigonum, 25.7% were non-articulating and identified as a separate bone located posterior to the posterolateral tubercle of talus and 74.3% of os trigonum were identified as fused to the posterolateral tubercle by synchondrosis or syndesmosis. Additionally, 17.5% of os trigonum were associated with intact lateral tubercle, 53.5% were considered as part of the lateral tubercle and 29.0% were without a lateral tubercle. According to its size, 22.8 % of os trigonum were smaller than 0.5 cm, 55.4% were between 0.5 and 1cm, and 21.8% were larger than 1 cm. No significant differences were found between the different types/sizes of os trigonum according to gender (p>0.05). The posterolateral tubercle of talus and its accessory ossicle, the os trigonum, could vary morphologically. The data of this study could be helpful in understanding the clinical problems that could be associated with some of these variants.
Chilean Validation of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis - Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SQ) for Personality Structure
Authors: Lorenzini Nicolas , Parra Guillermo de la , Dagnino Paula , Gomez-Barris Elyna , Crempien Carla , Ehrenthal Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis is the validation of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis - Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SQ)MethodsA clinical sample of 399 adults and a nonclinical sample of 50 healthy adults completed measures of depression, attachment, psychiatric symptomatology and distress. Internal consistency and concurrent validity were assessed. Test-retest and Reliable Change Index were also calculated, as the ability of the OPD-SQ to distinguish between the clinical and control subsamples.ResultsHigh internal consistencies were found; significant differences between clinical and non-clinical samples, and significant associations with psychiatric symptomatology, depression and psychological distress.ConclusionThe Chilean OPD-SQ has good reliability, and discriminates between clinical and healthy samples.
Digital virus manipulation chip with a large array of all-dielectric nanocavities
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Wu Yongfeng , Chin Lip Ket , Chen Mu Ku , Wang Shubo , Zhang Yi , Li Zhenyu , Liu Patricia Yang , Zhou Xiaohong , Cai Hong , Yu Yefeng , Yap Peng Huat , Ser Wee , Nguyen Binh , Liao Jiayan , Wang Fan , Chan Che Ting , Kivshar Yuri , Tsai Din Ping , Liu Ai Qun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the study of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it remains a formidable challenge to efficiently trap and move viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of precise spatial manipulation techniques. Here, we demonstrate giant optical forces produced by the enhancement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities for trapping and digitally moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. By employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, we demonstrate a digital virus manipulation chip with a large trapping area, enabling single or massive virus transporting, positioning, and concentrating. Our work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single viruses or their massive ensembles, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis, virus diagnostics, vaccine, and antiviral drug development, being also important to tackle the current COVID-19 outbreaks.
Plasma concentrations of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in Patients with Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorders
Authors: Galván Sandra Torres , López María Flóres , Sanchíz Pablo Romero , Ocaña Nerea Requena , Perales Oscar Porras , Arjona Raquel Nogueira , Mayoral Fermin , Araos Pedro , Serrano Antonia , Muga Roberto , Pavón Francisco J. , Marchena Nuria García , Fonseca Fernando Rodriguez de 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims: Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest due to its role to cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We analyzed the circulating expression of G-CSF in abstinent chronic users of alcohol and/or cocaine with or without comorbid major depressive disorders to investigate the role of this trophic factor with complicated substance use disorders.Methods: We recruited 176 patients and 136 controls. Patients were divided in 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 126 abstinent substance use disorders (SUD) patients undergoing treatments for alcohol (N=66) or cocaine (N=60) addiction according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A blood sample was collected to examine plasma concentrations of G-CSF.Results: The plasma concentrations of G-CSF were significantly decreased in the cocaine group compared with the SUD control group. There was a sex dimorphism in the alcohol group, with lower G-CSF concentrations in women compared with men. Plasma concentrations of G-CSF were associated with abstinence and with the length of alcohol problems. The decrease in G-CSF was associated with comorbid MDD, a finding specific for SUD patients since there were no alterations of G-CSF primary settings MDD outpatients.Conclusions: Circulating G-CSF is reduced in SUD patients, being associated to comorbid MDD. A sex-dependent effect was observed in female AUD. Plasma G-CSF concentrations might be used as a predictor of length of chronic alcohol use and as a stratification role in the dual diagnosis in SUD. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of G-CSF as potential biomarker of pathogenic/prognosis in SUD population.
The high expression of elastases, observed in apelin deficient mice, could contribute to premature wear of elastic fibers and vascular stiffness.
Authors: Romier Beatrice , Dray Cedric , Wahart Amandine , Hocine Thinhinane , Vanalderwiert Laetitia , Dortignac Alizée , Garbar Christian , Garbar Corinne , Boulagnon Camille , Bouland Nicole , Maurice Pascal , Bennasroune Amar , Sartelet Herve , Martiny Laurent , Duca Laurent , Valet Philippe , Blaise Sebastien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vascular stiffness is often the main cause of arterial hypertension and its complications including atherosclerosis, observed during obesity. However, the mechanisms leading to this rigidity or the preventing factors are misknown. We hypothesized that apelin, known for its beneficial effects on lipid, inflammatory, and vascular metabolism, could be a protective factor against vascular stiffness. We used mice deficient for the apelin gene (KO-APL) and compared with wild-type mice (WT) at the level of metabolic markers and inflammations of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as aortic functional and anatomical parameters. KO-APL mice developed an inflammation associated with significant remodeling of WAT, in particular with the protease expressions such as neutrophil elastase or cathepsin S. From a vascular point of view, these same elastases are involved in the fragmentation of elastic fibers, explaining the increase in vascular velocity of pulse wave and arterial hypertension. Interestingly, univariate correlation analysis showed that the inflammation markers and protease expression of WAT were associated with remodeling of the vascular wall. Our results suggest that the modifications induced by the absence of apelin particularly in WAT, could facilitate the expression of elastases and the rupture of elastic fibers, necessary to maintain elastance. This discovery is fundamental because the synthesis of elastic fibers stops as of adolescence and is not renewed during the entire life of human. The preservation of these fibers is therefore critical in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Thus, Apelin could be an interesting therapeutic route to protect the premature wear of elastic fibers.
A guide for Physiotherapeutic assistance during pregnancy, labour, and the postpartum period in times of COVID-19
Authors: Pitangui Ana Carolina Rodarti , Driusso Patricia , Mascarenhas Lilian Rose , Silva Marcela Ponzio Pinto , Sunemi Mariana Maia de Oliveira , Oliveira Claudia de , Gallo Rubneide Barreto Silva , Ferreira Cristine Homsi Jorge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Many recommendations contained in the guidelines available to date are specifically related to clinical practice in obstetrics. Although many physiotherapists are facing similar issues to gynecologists and obstetricians about the care and well-being of pregnant women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, no specific guidelines were found regarding the physiotherapist's practice in this area. This article aimed to offer guidance regarding physiotherapy in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

A group of experts in physiotherapy in women's health performed a literature search and proposed a clinical guideline for the physiotherapy management of assistance during pregnancy, labour, and the postpartum period in times of COVID-19. This document was reviewed by other physiotherapists, which analyzed the suggested topics and reached a consensus.
Results

The recommendation addresses in general terms concerning pregnancy and the postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic, summarize the physiotherapy care in obstetrics, the practice of the physiotherapist at the outpatient level, physiotherapy clinics, and at pregnant women’s home. Recommendations on the safety of the care environment; general aspects of care to pregnant women without symptoms of COVID-19; specific aspects of care for pregnant women without symptoms of COVID-19; care to pregnant women with COVID-19; the practice of activity and physical exercises monitored in pregnant women and the postpartum in times of pandemic and about the physiotherapist's assistance in the maternity hospital with parturients and puerperal women are still presented.
Conclusion

This study provides some guidance for continuity of the physiotherapist's work in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telephysiotherapy is a possibility for the permanence of care during the pandemic, opening new perspectives for the expansion of practice and research in women’s health, especially in obstetrics.
Usability and Acceptability of Self-Testing for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among the General Population in the Nile Delta Region of Egypt
Authors: Reipold Elena Ivanova , Farahat Ahmed , Elbeeh Amira , Soliman Reham , Aza Elkin Bermudez , Jamil Muhammad S. , Johnson Cheryl Case , Shiha Gamal , Easterbrook Philippa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Self-testing for hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCVST) may be an additional strategy to expand access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and support elimination efforts. We conducted a study to assess the usability and acceptability of HCVST among the general population in a semi-rural, high-HCV prevalence region in Egypt.
Methods

An observational study was conducted in two hospitals in the Nile Delta region. A trained provider gave an in-person demonstration on how to use the oral fluid HCVST followed by observation of the participant performing the test. Usability was assessed by observing errors made and difficulties faced by participants. Acceptability of HCV self-testing was assessed using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire.
Results

Of 116 participants enrolled, 17 (14.6%) had received no formal education. The majority (72%) of participants completed all testing steps without any assistance and interpreted the test results correctly. Agreement between participant-reported HCVST results and interpretation by a trained user was 86%, with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.6. Agreement between participant-reported HCVST results and provider-administered oral fluid HCV rapid test results was 97.2%, with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.75. The majority of participants rated the HCVST process as easy (53%) or very easy (44%), and 96% indicated they would be willing to use HCVST again and recommend it to their family and friends.
Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the high usability and acceptability of oral fluid HCVST in a general population. Further studies are needed to establish the optimal positioning of self-testing alongside facility-based testing to expand access to HCV diagnosis in both general and high-risk populations.