bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nature and accuracy of Instagram posts concerning marketed orthodontic products:
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Al-Moghrabi Dalya , Fleming Padhraig S. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To scrutinize claims contained within Instagram posts related to six popular marketed orthodontic products.

Materials and Methods
Three hundred publicly available Instagram posts were identified using the following Instagram hashtags: #carrieremotion, #damonbraces, #invisalign, #acceledent, #propelorthodontics, and #myobrace. Pilot coding was undertaken on a subset of claims (n = 50) and a coding guide was developed. The associated claims were categorized under 24 recognized themes and their accuracy assessed on a five-point scale.

Results
Of 1730 posts screened, 300 were included for analysis. The majority of posts were based on photographs (n = 244, 81.3%) with the remainder (n = 56, 18.7%) including videos. Half of the posts involved a picture of the product in isolation (n = 150, 50%), with clinical cases presented in a minority (n = 99, 33%). Overall, 472 claims were included with treatment duration being the most frequent theme (n = 125, 26.5%). In terms of accuracy, most of the claims were judged to be “false” (n = 283, 60%) with less than 2% considered “objectively true.”

Conclusions
Most of the claims relating to six popular marketed orthodontic products concerned treatment duration. The vast majority of these claims were not supported by evidence and were judged to be false. Efforts should be made to promote the provision of accurate orthodontic information and to verify marketing claims on social media platforms.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Young Women With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Followed in the TODAY Study
Authors:   TODAY Study Group, Marcus Marsha D. , Gandica Rachelle , El ghormli Laure , Higgins Janine , Tesfaldet Bereket , Koren Dorit , Macleish Sarah , Escaname Elia Nila , Weinstock Ruth S. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess pregnancy outcomes in young women with youth-onset type 2 diabetes followed in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Pregnancy information (outcome and any maternal or fetal complications) was obtained from the female participants by self-report. Additionally, medical records for the pregnancy and the child’s neonatal course were obtained with data abstracted into standardized forms.

RESULTS
Over a maximum of 15 years, 260 pregnancies were reported by 141 women (aged 21.5 ± 3.2 years, BMI 35.6 ± 7.2 kg/m2, and diabetes duration 8.1 ± 3.2 years). Contraception use prior to pregnancy was reported by 13.5% of the women. Complications were reported by 65% of the women during their pregnancy. Pregnancy loss was observed in 25.3% and preterm birth in 32.6% of pregnancies. HbA1c ≥8% was observed in 31.9% of the pregnancies, and 35% of the pregnancies were complicated by chronic hypertension. Nephropathy prior to pregnancy was observed in 25% of the women. In the offspring, 7.8% were classified as small for gestational age, 26.8% large for gestational age, and 17.9% in the macrosomic range.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on observations from the TODAY cohort, young women with pregestational, youth-onset type 2 diabetes had very high rates of maternal complications stemming from significant socioeconomic disadvantage. The substantial maternal and infant complications seen in these young moms could potentially be avoided with improved contraception rates and reproductive planning.
Lifestyle Changes and Long-term Weight Gain in Women With and Without a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study of 54,062 Women in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Yang Jiaxi , Zhang Cuilin , Chavarro Jorge E. , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Wang Molin , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Manson JoAnn E. , Lee I-Min , Hu Frank B. , Tobias Deirdre K. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
We examined lifestyle factors with midlife weight change according to history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a large longitudinal female cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Nurses’ Health Study II, we categorized changes in lifestyle within 4-year periods and estimated their associations with concurrent changes in body weight (kilograms) among parous women after age 40 years by GDM history status (N = 54,062; 5.3% with a history of GDM) for the following: diet quality (Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]), leisure-time physical activity (PA), alcohol consumption, and smoking status.

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 13 years, average 4-year weight gain was 1.10 and 1.33 kg for women with and without prior GDM, respectively. Women with improved diet quality had favorable 4-year weight change, particularly those with a history of GDM (AHEI change [95% CI] from low to high −2.97 kg [−4.34, −1.60] vs. −1.19 kg [−1.41, −0.96] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively; P heterogeneity = 0.04). Increasing PA was associated with weight maintenance for GDM women only (PA increase [95% CI] from low to high 0.26 kg [−0.25, 0.77] vs. 0.90 kg [0.80, 1.01] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively; P heterogeneity = 0.02). For both GDM and non-GDM women, weight change did not differ significantly with change in alcohol consumption, while women who quit smoking had significant weight gain (4.38 kg for GDM and 3.85 kg for non-GDM).

CONCLUSIONS
Improvements in diet quality and PA were related to less weight gain in midlife among parous women, and the benefit of such improvements on weight management was particularly pronounced among women with a history of GDM.
Social Support for Adolescent Resilience in Dealing With Conflicts in Divorced Parents
Authors: Muhammad Muhadir , Nirwana Herman , Marjohan Marjohan 
Published: December 2021

This research aims to determine social support for adolescent resilience in dealing with conflict in divorced parental environments that includes phase dimensions, and resilience strategies. This article is based on research using a qualitative method of case study type. Research subjects numbered 3 teenagers with the criteria of having divorced parents alive. Data collection techniques used in the form of in-depth interviews and observation. The data analysis technique used by researchers is guided by the Miles & Huberman model. The results of the analysis of research data indicate that the resilience phase that is passed by adolescents whose parents divorced live differently from each other. This is influenced by social support factors obtained by adolescents in facing life's challenges. The different phases through which each subject will also distinguish the resilience strategies used by each subject to survive in the face of conflict in the environment of divorced parents.
The contribution of self determination and peer conformity to sexual harassment
Authors: Sari Weni Puspita , Firman Firman 
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the rise of cases of sexual harassment that occur among teenagers. Sexual harassment by teenagers occurs in verbal, visual, and physical forms such as: sexual jokes, flirting and touching someone's sensitive area. Factors that influence adolescents to commit sexual harassment are due to peer group involvement and the inability of adolescents to make choices in actions that are reflected in peer conformity and self-determination. The aims of this study is to examine the contribution of self-determination to sexual harassment, to examine the contribution of peer conformity to sexual harassment, and to examine the contribution of self-determination and peer conformity together with sexual harassment. This research uses quantitative method with simple and multiple regression analysis. The study population is all students high school city of Padang who are active in 2020/2021. The number of samples in this study were 273 teenagers who were selected by cluster random sampling technique using the Slovin formula. Methods of data collection using self-determination scale, peer conformity scale, and sexual harassment scale with a Likert Scale model to then be tested for validity and reliability. The research findings show that: (1) there is a significant negative contribution between self-determination with sexual harassment shown by correlation coefficient of R= 0.736 and R Square of 0.542, which means that the contribution of self-determination to sexual harassment is 54.2%. (2) there is a significant positive contribution between peer conformity to sexual harassment shown by correlation coefficient of R = 0.767 and R Square of 0.588, which means that the contribution of peer conformity to sexual harassment is 58.8%. (3) there is a significant contribution between self-determination and peer conformity together to sexual harassment shown by correlation coefficient of R = 0.810 and R Square of 0.665, which means that the contribution of peer conformity to sexual harassment is 68.5%.
Effectiveness of group guidance using Expressive Arts Therapy in improving self management of sexual harassment among vocational high school students in city of Pinang
Authors: Rismaniar Rismaniar , Firman Firman 
Published: December 2021

The case of sexual harassment are more and more extends, spread, and found a lot in several areas, the city, even among all these villages not only the community but also in the world of education in indonesia. Sexual harassment case it is becoming even diverse and no longer eat his victims who are in the age range of adult , but those who are in the age range of teenagers even children very much a victim or an offender sexual harassment. Sexual harassment that occured in schools happened because of incompetence students in regulating and manage himself with good. One of the efforts was to enhance the capacity of students in regulating and manage himself in do sexual harassment is to hold guidance services use the art of expressive of group. The sample as many as 13 students for the experiments on class, X, XI and 13, students to the control group the sample used are proportionate stratified random sampling. Statistical analysis of data used in this research are nonparametrik statistics. Instruments gather data using the model scale likert, data analyzed using wilcoxon signed ranks kolmogorov-smirnov test and with the help of two independent sampels spss 20. Version. The findings of this study are: 1) there is a significant differences self management group experiment before and after given guidance services group use an expressive art therapy, 2) there is a significant differences self management control group before and after the guidance given services without special treatment, 3) there is a differences self management group experiment given guidance services group use an expressive art therapy to the control group given guidance services group about self management without special treatment , this was apparent from the score average postest group experiment rise higher than the average posttest score control group.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PRODUK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MINAT WIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA
Authors: Dewy Mega Silfia , Isnaini Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesktripsikan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas dari penerapan model pembelejaran bebasis produk untuk meningkatkan minat wirausaha mahasiswa. Dalam penerapan pembelajaran berbasis produk, mahasiswa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keaktifannya, sehingga proses pembelajaran yang diikuti menjadi lebih bermakna. Melalui pembelajaran berbasis produk ini mahasiswa difasilitasi untuk mengembangkan minat wirausahanya dengan merencankan peluang-peluang usaha yang bisa dikembangkan dari produk yang dihasilkan dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan akhir pembelajaran dengan menerapakan model pembelajaran berbasis produk adalah menghasilkan mahasiswa yang aktif serta kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga dapat menghasilkan sebuah produk yang memiliki nilai jual sehingga bisa menciptakan peluang usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desktiptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara, observasi langsung, dokumentasi dan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis produk efektif dalam meningkatkan minat wirausaha mahasiswa dengan terus menciptakan peluang berwirausaha melalui pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Produk, Minat Wirausaha AbstractThis study aims to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of the application of product-based learning models to increase student entrepreneurial interest. In the application of product-based learning, students are expected to increase their activeness, so that the learning process that is followed becomes more meaningful. Through product-based learning, students are facilitated to develop their entrepreneurial interests by planning business opportunities that can be developed from the products produced in learning. The ultimate goal of learning by applying a product-based learning model is to produce students who are active and creative in the learning process so that they can produce a product that has a selling value so that it can create business opportunities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used are through interviews, direct observation, documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that the application of product-based learning models was effective in increasing student entrepreneurial interest by continuing to create entrepreneurial opportunities through learning. Keywords: Learning Model, Product Based Learning Model, Entrepreneurial Interest
The Perception of Thermal Comfort in Malaysia Public Low-Cost Housing
Authors: Yong Kelvin , Abdullah Zunaibi , Che Din Nazli 
Published: December 2021

In Malaysia, the thermal comfort of low-cost high-rise housing has not been widely given a significant emphasis in the qualitative study despite its increasing scale and significance in the urban areas. Occupant’s perception and adaptive behaviour are important to achieve the level of satisfaction in terms of a comfortable living environment. This paper assesses the occupants’ perception and behaviour in a low-cost high-rise housing development that has been argued with various problems which have a considerable impact on lifestyle. Understanding of comfort as social and cultural behaviour, rather than an engineering approach. This research shows the results of a pilot study that utilized a qualitative strategy for analysing thermal comfort, rather than using the standard thermal comfort research methodologies. The building of study, in the category of low-cost high rise residential located at the urban context of Kuala Lumpur housing area, which is mainly natural ventilated with a versatile adaptive possibility available for the occupants. The outcomes signify the adaptive behaviour that enhances or limit the thermal comfort-related varieties. The results from the pilot study direct for more extensive research and comparison with previous qualitative studies.
Keywords: Thermal comfort, Qualitative study, Occupant perception, Adaptive behaviour, Housing
Ligaza γ-glutamylocysteiny – od molekularnych mechanizmów regulacji aktywności enzymatycznej do implikacji terapeutycznych
Authors: Gabryel Bożena , Bontor Klaudia 
Published: December 2021

Abstrakt
Glutation (γ-glutamylocysteinyloglicyna, GSH) jest najbardziej rozpowszechnionym tiolowym antyoksydantem wytwarzanym w cytozolu wszystkich komórek ssaków, który pełni ważną rolę ochronną przed stresem oksydacyjnym. GSH jest syntetyzowany de novo przez sekwencyjne działanie dwóch enzymów: ligazy γ-glutamylocysteiny (GCL) i syntetazy glutationowej (GS). GCL katalizuje pierwszy etap biosyntezy GSH, którego produktem jest γ-glutamylocysteina (γ-GC). GCL jest heterodimerycznym enzymem zbudowanym z podjednostki katalitycznej (GCLc) i modulatorowej (GCLm), kodowanych przez dwa różne geny. Podjednostki GCL podlegają złożonej regulacji zarówno na poziomie przed-, jak i potranslacyjnym. Zmiany w ekspresji i aktywności GCL mogą zaburzać poziom GSH i homeostazy redoks. Przyczyną wielu przewlekłych schorzeń związanych ze stresem oksydacyjnym jest upośledzenie aktywności katalitycznej GCL oraz spadek stężenia GSH. Badania przedkliniczne sugerują, że podawanie egzogennej γ-GC podwyższa wewnątrzkomórkowe GSH przez dostarczenie brakującego substratu i może wykazywać potencjał jako terapia uzupełniająca w chorobach związanych z deplecją GSH.
The combination of brush cytology with the results of histopathological examination in laryngeal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lepka Paulina , Hałoń Agnieszka , Barnaś Szczepan , Zatoński Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, the incidence rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) has been increasing significantly. It is estimated that there are over 550,000 new cases per year, of which over 130,000 are laryngeal cancers. It is assumed that in more than 60% of patients the disease is diagnosed late, at stages III–IV, which is associated with unfavorable prognoses: the average survival ranges from 15% to 45%. The mainstay of successful tumor therapy is the early detection of neoplastic tissue. The laryngological examination with the use of traditional instruments should be expanded with an endoscopic examination of the larynx using optics in the outpatient clinics. This procedure is sufficient to select patients who need a direct laryngoscopy with a surgical biopsy, usually under general anesthesia in operating room conditions. However, it may bear potential complications. In 1941, Papanicolaou and Traut showed that brush cytology could be useful in detecting precancerous conditions and cervical cancers. For decades, research on the usefulness of brush cytology in diagnosing precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancers has been conducted. This paper aims to enable the reader to understand the issues related to laryngeal cancer and present the results of the previous use of brush cytology in the diagnostic process.
Arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 in patients with primary hypertension
Authors: Baszczuk Aleksandra , Wysocka Ewa , Płóciniczak Alicja , Thielemann Anna , Dżumak Anna , Hoffmann Karolina , Michalak Sławomir , Bryl Wiesław 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Paraoxonase 1 is an enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein fraction and is considered to present antioxidant activity.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the serum of patients with hypertension, due to effect of therapy and before treatment. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted in 76 patients with primary hypertension and 28 volunteers for the control group. Hypertensive subjects were assigned to one of three groups: well controlled (n=25), poorly controlled (n=26), and newly diagnosed before therapy (n=25) hypertension. We evaluated metabolic parameters in all participants using routine laboratory methods, as well as arylesterase activity of PON1.

Results
The four study groups differed with arylesterase activity of PON1 and the highest levels were found in patients with well controlled hypertension and the lowest in newly diagnosed. All patients diagnosed with hypertension presented negative correlations between PON1 and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions
Effective treatment of hypertension could result in increased PON1 activity, despite unfavorable homocysteine concentrations in blood. Untreated hypertension might decrease activity of PON.
Spruce and Barley Elemental and Stochiometric Analysis Affected by the Impact of Pellet Production and Torrefaction
Authors: Jeníček Lukáš , Neškudla Michal , Malaťák Jan , Velebil Jan , Passian Luboš 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biomass is a potential biofuel which may help fighting high carbon dioxide emissions and negative impacts of global warming. Analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were performed at the laboratory of Czech University of Life Sciences. Material was torrefied in an inert nitrogen atmosphere at the temperatures of 250 °C and 280 °C for 45 minutes. Elementary and stoichiometric parameters were monitored and impact of torrefaction and pellet production on carbon footprint was determined. Torrefied and pelleted material showed better fuel properties in comparison to the original material. Calorific value of the torrefied spruce wood chip increased by 12.27% when torrefied at the temperature of 250 °C, and by 25.41% when torrefied at the temperature of 280 °C.
Assessment of the Possibility of Reducing the Thermal Load in the Barn by using Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Lendelová Jana , Hauliková Ana , Žitňák Miroslav , Kuchar Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate possibility of reducing the heat stress of milking cows via climatic indices and the influence of air flow velocity in the object with milking cows using the cross-section method. For the purposes of evaluation, there was selected a four-row housing facility for 160 milking cows with natural ventilation; for the summer period, natural ventilation was supplemented with mechanical ventilation (2877 m3·h−1 per cow). Measurements were conducted in the network created with 12 measuring points across the barn width, repeated in five cross-sections A, B, C, D and E, followed by further measurements in the longitudinal direction performed always in a row of 22 points placed in resting zones along the air flow direction. Considering the state of potentially high heat load with THI >78, it was observed that, according to ETIC, without employing the fans, ETIC in AOZ was higher than nAOZ, ETICAOZ = 25.34 ±0.42 vs ETICnOAZ = 24.51 ±0.44 (p <0.05). After activation of fans above lying area, ETIC in AOZ was lower than nAOZ, ETICAOZ = 23.40 ±0.61 vs ETICnAOZ = 23.68 ±0.60, which was not validated in evaluation of THI. Even though the limiting value of very high heat stress ETIC = 25 was not exceeded after activation of fans, decreasing of heat stress in rest zones did not reach recommended value ETIC = 20. A more significant improvement was validated in ETIC evaluation with measurements in longitudinal direction in the lying area – there was confirmed dominant influence of air flow speed. Heat load decreasing was influenced by speed and distribution of air in AOZ, both overall and local air exchanges in AOZ with ACHv >100 h−1, and barn length.
Evidence for Phase Transitions in Replication Fidelity and Survival Probability at the Origin of Life
Authors: Garte Sy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Highly accurate self-replication of cellular phenotype is a requirement for biological evolution. I previously investigated the degree of self-replication fidelity needed in a viable, evolving population of living cells. Here I present a phase transition approach from non-living chemical complexity to evolving living creatures and illustrate the necessary non-continuity of whatever process led to the origin of evolution. A theoretical approach to the relationship between replication fidelity, survival probability and the capacity to grow and evolve is presented consistent with previous data from experimental simulations. The implications for the origin of life to include explanations for non-continuity are discussed.