bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Effect of Track Stiffness Variation on Wheel Rail Interaction Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Mutswatiwa Lovejoy , Nkundineza Celestin , Güler Mehmet A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For predictive maintenance purpose, wheel and rail wear evolution models have been developed based on wheel rail contact force calculations. These models are known to assume the wheel rotating on a rigid rail. However recent developments have shown that the flexibility of the track plays an important role in wear evolution. On the other hand, vertical track stiffness variation along the track is known to exist and to affect the track flexibility. The present research work investigates the influence of non-uniform track modulus on the wheel rail contact forces using elasto-plastic explicit dynamic Finite Elements (FE). The FE model is composed of a quarter car model running on a rail supported by three cross-ties. The modulus of elasticity of the cross-ties is calibrated to produce the total track modulus of the railroad track infrastructure. Non-uniformity of the track is modeled by assigning distinct elasticity moduli to the cross-ties. The instantaneous contact physical parameters are extracted from FE models repetitively for various cross-tie modulus ratios. The results show that increase in cross-tie modulus variation results in increased fluctuation amplitudes of wheel-rail contact parameters such as force, stress and contact area. This effect leads to changes of the rate of material removal on the wheels and rails. This research work intends to incorporate the spatial variation of the railroad track stiffness into rail vehicle wheel and track wear prediction models.
A Mini-Network Simulation Approach to Investigate the Capacity and Safety Aspects of National Rail Network
Authors: Pouryousef Hamed , Stewart Monique , Singh Som P. , Prabhakaran Anand 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Over the last decades there have been major technology advancements in the railroad industry to improve the operational safety as well as performance of freight trains in shared-use corridors.
This study was focused on developing a methodology that allows evaluation of the impact of such advanced technologies over the safety and capacity aspects of the U.S. rail network using a benchmark mini-network simulation approach. A hypothetical mini-network of 5,000 miles of track with characteristics typical of the North American rail network was developed. Two hundred thirty two (232) daily trains, including a mix of intercity passenger, commuter, High Speed Rail and 78 freight trains, were used to simulate the traffic flow. Several network capacity and safety related parameters; network delay, network velocity, track utilization level, number of stops at stations, number of braking for route reservations, and number of stops at signals were analyzed in this study.
The results of the benchmark network simulations were then extended to the U.S. rail network, using an analytical technique with assumptions for important parameters and impact factors such as total route miles, freight train-miles, number of sidings/yards, congestion level and age of fleets. The results indicate that the methodology is able to quantify the improvement in network capacity and safety features that can be obtained when advanced technologies are deployed on freight trains.
Estimation of Pre-COVID19 Daily Ridership Patterns From Paper and Electronic Ticket Sales Data With Origin-Destination, Time-Of-Day, and Train-Start Detail on a Commuter Railroad: Quick-Response Big Data Analytics in a World Steeped With Tradition
Authors: Lu Alex , Marchwinski Thomas , Culhane Robert , Wei Xiaojing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Our niche method independently estimates hourly commuter rail station-to-station origin-destination (OD) matrix data each day from ticket sales and activation data from four sales channels (paper/mobile tickets, mail order, and onboard sales) by extending well-established transportation modelling methodologies. This algorithm’s features include: (1) handles multi-pack pay-per-ride fare instruments not requiring electronic validation, like ten-trip paper tickets “punched” onboard by railroad conductors; (2) correctly infers directionality for direction-agnostic ticket-types; (3) estimates unlimited ride ticket utilization patterns sufficiently precisely to inform vehicle assignment/scheduling; (4) provides integer outputs without allowing rounding to affect control totals nor introduce artifacts; (5) deals gracefully with cliff-edge changes in demand, like the COVID19 related lockdown; and (6) allocates hourly traffic to each train-start based on passenger choice. Our core idea is that the time of ticket usage is ultimately a function of the time of sale and ticket type, and mutual transformation is made via probability density functions (“patterns”) given sufficient distribution data. We generated pre-COVID daily OD matrices and will eventually extend this work to post-COVID inputs. Results were provided to operations planners using visual and tabular interfaces. These matrices represent data never previously available by any method; prior OD surveys required 100,000 respondents, and even then could neither provide daily nor hourly levels of detail, and could not monitor special event ridership nor specific seasonal travel such as summer Friday afternoons.
Colorectal cancer Outcomes in people with Severe Mental Illness Cohort (COSMIC): a protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort using linked administrative data
Authors: Protani Melinda M , Jordan Susan J , Kendall Bradley J , Siskind Dan , Lawrence David , Sara Grant , Brophy Lisa , Kisely Steve 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is significantly higher in those with severe mental illness (SMI) compared with the general population, despite similar incidence rates, suggesting that barriers to optimal screening and cancer care may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality in those with SMI. This study aims to compare participation in Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP) in those with SMI and those in the general population. We will also investigate treatment pathways after diagnosis to determine whether treatment variations could explain differences in CRC mortality.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a retrospective cohort study of Australians using linked administrative data to assess differences in screening and cancer care between those with and without SMI, aged 50–74 years on or after 1 January 2006. People with SMI will be defined using antipsychotic medication prescription data. The comparison group will be people enrolled in Medicare (Australia’s universal healthcare system) who have not been prescribed antipsychotic medication. Data on outcomes (NBCSP participation, follow-up colonoscopy, CRC incidence and CRC-cause and all-cause mortality) and confounders will be obtained from national-based and state-based administrative health datasets. All people in New South Wales, aged 50–74 with a new diagnosis of CRC on or after 1 January 2006, will be ascertained to examine stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment in those with and without SMI. Poisson regression will be used to calculate incidence rates and rate ratios for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Ethics Committee and data custodians from every Australian State/Territory. Findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at appropriate conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000781943.
Active vaccine safety surveillance of seasonal influenza vaccination via a scalable, integrated system in Western Australian pharmacies: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Salter Sandra , Singh Gurkamal , Nissen Lisa , Trentino Kevin , Murray Kevin , Lee Kenneth , Kop Benjamin , Peters Ian , Leeb Alan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe integrated an established participant-centred active vaccine safety surveillance system with a cloud-based pharmacy immunisation-recording program in order to measure adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) reported via the new surveillance system in pharmacies, compared with AEFI reported via an existing surveillance system in non-pharmacy sites (general practice and other clinics).DesignA prospective cohort study.Participants and settingIndividuals >10 years receiving influenza immunisations from 22 pharmacies and 90 non-pharmacy (general practice and other clinic) sites between March and October 2020 in Western Australia. Active vaccine safety surveillance was conducted using short message service and smartphone technology, via an opt-out system.Outcome measuresMultivariable logistic regression was used to assess the primary outcome: differences in proportions of AEFI between participants immunised in pharmacies compared with non-pharmacy sites, adjusting for confounders of age, sex and influenza vaccine brand. A subgroup analysis of participants over 65 years was also performed.ResultsOf 101 440 participants (6992 from pharmacies; 94 448 from non-pharmacy sites), 77 498 (76.4%) responded; 96.1% (n=74 448) within 24 hours. Overall, 4.8% (n=247) pharmacy participants reported any AEFI, compared with 6% (n=4356) non-pharmacy participants (adjusted OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.99; p=0.039). Similar proportions of AEFIs were reported in pharmacy (5.8%; n=31) and non-pharmacy participants (6; n=1617) aged over 65 years (adjusted OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.35; p=0.725). The most common AEFIs in pharmacy were: pain (2%; n=104), tiredness (1.9%; n=95) and headache (1.7%; n=88); and in non-pharmacy sites: pain (2.3%; n=1660), tiredness (1.9%; n=1362) and swelling (1.5%; n=1121).ConclusionsHigh and rapid response rates demonstrate good participant engagement with active surveillance in both pharmacy and non-pharmacy participants. Significantly fewer AEFIs reported after pharmacist immunisations compared with non-pharmacy immunisations, with no difference in older adults, may suggest different cohorts attend pharmacy versus non-pharmacy immunisers. The integrated pharmacy system is rapidly scalable across Australia with global potential.
On-treatment immune prognostic score for patients with relapsed and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Nenclares Pablo , Gunn Lucinda , Soliman Heba , Bover Mateo , Trinh Amy , Leslie Isla , Wong Kee Howe , Melcher Alan , Newbold Kate , Nutting Chris M , ap Dafydd Derfel , Bhide Shreerang A , Harrington Kevin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and fibrinogen) are prognostic biomarkers in patients with a variety of solid cancers, including those treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to develop a model that predicts response and survival in patients with relapsed and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with immunotherapy.MethodsAnalysis of 100 consecutive patients with unresectable R/M HNSCC who were treated with ICI. Baseline and on-treatment (day 28) NLR, fibrinogen and LDH were calculated and correlated with response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. The optimal cut-off values were derived using maximally selected log-rank statistics.ResultsLow baseline NLR and fibrinogen levels were associated with response. There was a statistically significant correlation between on-treatment NLR and fibrinogen and best overall response. On-treatment high NLR and raised fibrinogen were significantly associated with poorer outcome. In multivariate analysis, on-treatment NLR (≥4) and on-treatment fibrinogen (≥4 ng/mL) showed a significant negative correlation with OS and PFS. Using these cut-off points, we generated an on-treatment score for OS and PFS (0–2 points). The derived scoring system shows appropriate discrimination and suitability for OS (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.4, p<0.0001, Harrell’s C 0.67) and PFS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.3, p<0.0001, Harrell’s C 0.68). In the absence of an external validation cohort, results of fivefold cross-validation of the score and evaluation of median OS and PFS on the Kaplan-Meier survival distribution between trained and test data exhibited appropriate accuracy and concordance of the model.ConclusionsNLR and fibrinogen levels are simple, inexpensive and readily available biomarkers that could be incorporated into an on-treatment scoring system and used to help predict survival and response to ICI in patients with R/M HNSCC.
Diffusion-weighted imaging lesions and risk of recurrent stroke after intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Wiegertjes Kim , Dinsmore Lynn , Drever Jonathan , Hutchison Aidan , Stephen Jacqueline , Valdés Hernández Maria C , Bhatnagar Priya , Minks David P , Rodrigues Mark A , Werring David J , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Klijn Catharina JM , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , White Phillip M , Wardlaw Joanna M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of diffusion-weighted imaging-positive (DWI+) lesions is associated with recurrent stroke after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).MethodsThe REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) assessed the effect of restarting versus avoiding antiplatelet therapy after ICH on major vascular events for up to 5 years. We rated DWI sequences of MRI done before randomisation for DWI+ lesion presence, masked to outcome and antiplatelet use. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify associations.ResultsOf 537 participants in RESTART, 247 (median (IQR) age 75.7 (69.6–81.1) years; 170 men (68.8%); 120 started vs 127 avoided antiplatelet therapy) had DWI sequences on brain MRI at a median of 57 days (IQR 19–103) after ICH, of whom 73 (30%) had one or more DWI+ lesion. During a median follow-up of 2 years (1–3), 18 participants had recurrent ICH and 21 had ischaemic stroke. DWI+ lesion presence was associated with all stroke, (adjusted HR 2.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.2)) and recurrent ICH (4.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 13.2)), but not ischaemic stroke (0.9 (95% CI 0.3 to 2.5)). DWI+ lesion presence (0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.3)) vs absence (0.6 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.5), pinteraction=0.66) did not modify the effect of antiplatelet therapy on a composite outcome of recurrent stroke.ConclusionsDWI+ lesion presence in ICH survivors is associated with recurrent ICH, but not with ischaemic stroke. We found no evidence of modification of effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent stroke after ICH by DWI+ lesion presence. These findings provide a new perspective on the significance of DWI+ lesions, which may be markers of microvascular mechanisms associated with recurrent ICH.Trial registration numberISRCTN71907627.
Healthcare students support opt-out organ donation for practical and moral reasons
Authors: Qian Long , Li Miah T , King Kristen L , Husain Syed Ali , Cohen David J , Mohan Sumit 
Published: June 2021

Background and purposeChanges to deceased organ donation policy in the USA, including opt-out and priority systems, have been proposed to increase registration and donation rates. To study attitudes towards such policies, we surveyed healthcare students to assess support for opt-out and priority systems and reasons for support or opposition.MethodsWe investigated associations with supporting opt-out, including organ donation knowledge, altruism, trust in the healthcare system, prioritising autonomy and participants’ evaluation of the moral severity of incorrectly assuming consent in opt-in systems (‘opt-in error’) or opt-out systems (‘opt-out error’), by conducting an online survey among healthcare students at a large academic institution.ResultsOf 523 respondents, 86% supported opt-out, including 53% who strongly supported the policy. The most popular reason for supporting opt-out was the potential for increased donation rates, followed by convenience for those not registered but willing to donate. The most popular reason for opposing opt-out was the belief that presuming consent is morally wrong. Those strongly supporting opt-out viewed the opt-in error as more morally unacceptable, and had higher knowledge and altruism scores. Those opposing opt-out viewed the opt-out error as more unacceptable, and had higher autonomy scores. 48% of respondents supported priority within opt-in systems; 31% supported priority in opt-out.ConclusionsThere is strong support for opt-out organ donation among healthcare students, influenced by both practical and moral considerations.
Ridgelized Hotelling’s T2 test on mean vectors of large dimension
Authors: Ha Gao-Fan , Zhang Qiuyan , Bai Zhidong , Wang You-Gan 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a ridgelized Hotelling’s [Formula: see text] test is developed for a hypothesis on a large-dimensional mean vector under certain moment conditions. It generalizes the main result of Chen et al. [A regularized Hotelling’s [Formula: see text] test for pathway analysis in proteomic studies, J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 106(496) (2011) 1345–1360.] by relaxing their Gaussian assumption. This is achieved by establishing an exact four-moment theorem that is a simplified version of Tao and Vu’s [Random matrices: universality of local statistics of eigenvalues, Ann. Probab. 40(3) (2012) 1285–1315] work. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed test over the traditional Hotelling’s [Formula: see text] test and its several extensions in high-dimensional situations.
Diamondiferous kimberlites from recently explored Upper Muna Field (Siberian Craton): petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry insights
Authors: Yakovlev D. A. , Kostrovitsky S. I. , Fosu B. R. , Ashchepkov I. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Petrographic, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of diamond deposits from the Upper Muna field have been investigated. Geochemically, diamondiferous kimberlites from Upper Muna belong to the most widespread Fe–Mg-rich rocks in the Yakutian kimberlite province (average FeO
total
= 8.4 wt%, MgO = 32.36 wt%, TiO
2
= 1.6 wt%). Striking mineralogical features of Upper Muna kimberlites are: (1) abundance of monticellite and perovskite in the groundmass; (2) rare occurrence of Mg-ilmenite; (3) abundance of phlogopite megacrysts (up to 8 cm across); and (4) coexistence of low-Cr (0.1–4 wt% Cr
2
O
3
, with 0.8–1.2 wt% TiO
2
) and high-Cr (3–8 wt% Cr
2
O
3
, with 0.1–0.6 wt% TiO
2
) garnet megacrysts with contrasting rare earth element patterns. The compositional features of groundmass minerals, the relatively low CaO and CO
2
contents in kimberlites and few deuteric alteration in Upper Muna kimberlites suggest high-temperature melt crystallization during pipe emplacement. Based on the compositional data of garnet and Cr-diopside from megacrysts and peridotites, we suggest a poor Cr dunite–harzburgitic and lherzolitic mantle source beneath the Upper Muna field where Cr-diopside crystallized within a wide pressure and temperature range (40–65 kbar and 900–1350°С). The mineral geochemistry, trace element distribution and Sr–Nd isotope variations of Upper Muna kimberlites are typical for group I kimberlites and reflect a deep-seated asthenospheric (convective mantle) source for the kimberlites.
Enhancer Hijacking Drives Oncogenic BCL11B Expression in Lineage-Ambiguous Stem Cell Leukemia
Authors: Montefiori Lindsey E. , Bendig Sonja , Gu Zhaohui , Chen Xiaolong , Pölönen Petri , Ma Xiaotu , Murison Alex , Zeng Andy , Garcia-Prat Laura , Dickerson Kirsten , Iacobucci Ilaria , Abdelhamed Sherif , Hiltenbrand Ryan , Mead Paul E. , Mehr Cyrus M. , Xu Beisi , Cheng Zhongshan , Chang Ti-Cheng , Westover Tamara , Ma Jing , Stengel Anna , Kimura Shunsuke , Qu Chunxu , Valentine Marcus B. , Rashkovan Marissa , Luger Selina , Litzow Mark R. , Rowe Jacob M. , den Boer Monique L. , Wang Victoria , Yin Jun , Kornblau Steven M. , Hunger Stephen P. , Loh Mignon L. , Pui Ching-Hon , Yang Wenjian , Crews Kristine R. , Roberts Kathryn G. , Yang Jun J. , Relling Mary V. , Evans William E. , Stock Wendy , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Zhang Jinghui , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Wu Gang , Dick John E. , Klco Jeffery M. , Haferlach Claudia , Mullighan Charles G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Lineage-ambiguous leukemias are high-risk malignancies of poorly understood genetic basis. Here, we describe a distinct subgroup of acute leukemia with expression of myeloid, T lymphoid, and stem cell markers driven by aberrant allele-specific deregulation of BCL11B, a master transcription factor responsible for thymic T-lineage commitment and specification. Mechanistically, this deregulation was driven by chromosomal rearrangements that juxtapose BCL11B to superenhancers active in hematopoietic progenitors, or focal amplifications that generate a superenhancer from a noncoding element distal to BCL11B. Chromatin conformation analyses demonstrated long-range interactions of rearranged enhancers with the expressed BCL11B allele and association of BCL11B with activated hematopoietic progenitor cell cis-regulatory elements, suggesting BCL11B is aberrantly co-opted into a gene regulatory network that drives transformation by maintaining a progenitor state. These data support a role for ectopic BCL11B expression in primitive hematopoietic cells mediated by enhancer hijacking as an oncogenic driver of human lineage-ambiguous leukemia.

Significance:
Lineage-ambiguous leukemias pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to a poorly understood molecular and cellular basis. We identify oncogenic deregulation of BCL11B driven by diverse structural alterations, including de novo superenhancer generation, as the driving feature of a subset of lineage-ambiguous leukemias that transcend current diagnostic boundaries.
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