bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisa Biaya Penanganan Berdasarkan Penilaian Kondisi Jalan dengan Metode Road Condition Index (RCI) pada Ruas Jalan Hertasning
Authors: Badaron St. Fauziah , Watono Watono , Abd. Muin Suriati , C.A M. Reza , Firdaus Darmawansyah 
Published: January 2021

Ruas jalan Hertasning merupakan jalur strategis yang menghubungkan kawasan industri di antara dua Kabupaten / Kota yaitu Makassar dan Gowa. Tingginya frekuensi kendaraan yang lewat di atas permukaan jalan yang ada menyebabkan turunnya tingkat pelayanan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kerusakan dan nilai kondisi yang terjadi dengan menggunakan metode Road Condition Index (RCI), juga untuk menentukan jenis penanganan yang tepat serta mengetahui biaya dan penanganan terhadap kerusakan jalan pada ruas Jalan Hertasning. Analisis data dilakukan perhitungan kondisi fungsional dengan 2 tahap perhitungan yaitu metode Road Condition Index (RCI) dan analisis anggaran biaya dari hasil penilaian RCI dengan metode standar Bina Marga 1995. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa jenis kerusakan pada ruas Jalan Hertasning antara lain pelepasan butir, lubang , lubang bekas galian utilita, tambalan dan retak kulit buay juga mendapatkan nilai rata – rata RCI sebesar 76,92 dan juga penanganan serta biaya yang digunakan menggunakan AHSP Bina Marga 2018 membutuhkan sebesar Rp. 531.210.000,-. Dengan adanya penelitian kondisi jalan yang menggunakan metode RCI dapat memberikan gambaran atau dekripsi tentang kondisi jalan di Jalan Hertasning, yang dapat digunakan sebagai data base untuk perencanaan dan pelaksanaan rehabilitasi dan pemeliharaan jalan.The Hertasning road is a strategic route that connects the industrial estate between two Regencies / Cities, namely Makassar and Gowa. The high frequency of vehicles passing over the existing road surface causes a decrease in the level of road service. This study aims to determine the type of damage and the value of conditions that occur using the Road Condition Index (RCI) method, also to determine the appropriate type of treatment and determine the cost and treatment of road damage on the Hertasning Road section. Data analysis was performed functional condition calculations with 2 stages of calculation, namely the Road Condition Index (RCI) method and the analysis of the cost budget from the RCI assessment results with the 1995 Bina Marga standard method. The results of this study found that the types of damage to the Hertasning Road section included grain release, holes, utility pit excavations, patches and crocodile cracks also received an average RCI of 76.92 and also the handling and costs used using AHSP Bina Marga 2018 requires Rp. 531,210,000. With the research on road condition assessment using the RCI method can provide an overview or decryption of road conditions on Hertasning Road, which can be used as a data base for planning and implementing road rehabilitation and maintenance.
Covid-19: Aspectos virológicos y patogénesis
Authors: Gutierrez Choque Bismar Jorge , Aruquipa Quispe Carla Jimena 
Published: January 2021

El nuevo coronavirus 2019, posteriormente conocido como SARS-CoV-2 ha generado una nueva pandemia y hoy se reúnen esfuerzos para su control. Se hacen investigaciones de la estructura genómica del virus y de sus mecanismos patogénicos, primero describiendo su estructura para así comprender su función, también en relación a su unión con los receptores que se expresan en los órganos más afectados.
La relación estructural que se encuentra en los Dominios de Unión de SARS-CoV-2, son compatibles con los dominios de unión de SARS-CoV. Hay diferencias en algunos segmentos de la cadena, pero esto no parece alterar la letalidad del virus.
El uso de técnicas de criomicroscopía hizo posible reconocer estructuras de la superficie viral y hacer una descripción de su unión al receptor ECA2. Además de esta manera se puede fijar objetivos con potencial terapéutico.
Numerical simulation and constructal design applied to plates with different heights of traverse and longitudinal stiffeners
Authors: Nogueira Carolina Martins , Pinto Vinícius Torres , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Isoldi Liércio André 
Published: January 2021

Martins Nogueira, Vinícius Torres Pinto, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos and Liércio André Isoldi Right click to download the paper PDF (550K)	Abstract: This study applied the Constructal Design Method (CDM) associated with the Finite Element Method (FEM) through computational models to perform a geometric analysis on rectangular stiffened plates of steel subjected to a uniform transverse loading, in order to minimize its maximum and central out-of-plane deflections. Considering a non-stiffened plate as reference and maintaining the total volume of steel constant, a portion of material volume deducted from its thickness was transformed into stiffeners through the ϕ parameter, which represents the ratio between the material volume of the stiffeners and the reference plate. Adopting ϕ = 0.30, 27 geometric arrangements of stiffened plates were established, being 9 arrangements for each 3 different stiffeners' thicknesses adopted: ts = 6.35 mm, ts = 12.70 mm and ts = 25.40 mm. For each ts value, the number of longitudinal (Nls) and transverse (Nts) stiffeners were varied from 2 to 4. Thus, in each plate arrangement configured, the influence of the ratio between the height of the transverse and longitudinal stiffeners (hts/hls) was analyzed, taking into account the values 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50; 1.75 and 2.00, regarding to the maximum and central deflections. The results have shown that transforming a portion of steel from a non-stiffened reference plate into stiffeners can reduce the maximum and central deflections by more than 90%. Moreover, it was observed that to reduce the deflections it is more effective consider hts > hls, once the ratio hts/hls = 2.00 was the one that led to the better mechanical behavior among the analyzed cases.
Um feminismo radical é necessariamente um feminismo materialista?
Authors: Cipriano Kelly , Santiago Mayara , Cyrino Rafaela 
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho parte das leituras e análises realizadas coletivamente pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Feminismo Materialista, na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, que busca compreender as raízes dos processos de dominação social, a partir dos nexos causais estabelecidos entre capitalismo, sexismo e racismo. Propomos aqui responder ao seguinte questionamento: um feminismo radical é necessariamente materialista? Para tanto, recorremos à análise de Christine Delphy a medida que esta apresenta os seguintes fundamentos: uma teoria crítica da história e o postulado de que a produção e reprodução da vida material são a base da organização social. Após discutir a proposta de feminismo materialista da autora, abordamos, a partir o pensamento de feministas radicais como Shulamith Firestone em A dialética do sexo: um estudo da revolução feminista, Gayle Rubin, em Tráfico de Mulheres: Notas sobre a economia política do sexo e Kate Millet, em Política Sexual as possibilidades de intersecções possíveis do feminismo radical com o feminismo materialista, formulado por Delphy. Os resultados dessas análises nos indicam que o feminismo radical não necessariamente será um feminismo materialista, devido ao fato de que algumas autoras se afastam da perspectiva materialista e da abordagem da opressão de forma estrutural, ainda que busquem pele gênese da opressão das mulheres e trabalhem com a ideia de revolução.
Report on  the second (1978) Microzonation Conference
Authors: Bentley R. J. 
Published: January 2021

The writer attended the second Microzonation Conference at San Francisco in December, 1978. The Conference lasted five days and papers were delivered on a wide variety of subjects. Discussion here is limited to topics where new developments appear to the writer to be of general interest, These notes therefore hardly constitute a review of the conference, but they may assist earthquake engineers not directly involved in engineering seismology or in microzoning studies to keep aware of current developments.
Papers are referred to by page number and a list of proceedings is appended. The proceedings (in three Volumes) will shortly be available from the Ministry of Works and Development and University libraries. Copies can also be obtained from the Conference Organiser: Professor Mehmet A. Sherif at the University of Washington, Seattle.
Ultimate Strength of Hull Structural Stiffened Plate with Grooving Corrosion Damage under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Zhu Yufan , Zhang Yan , Du Fei 
Published: January 2021

Grooving corrosion results in a decrease in the ability of the structure to resist external loads. In the present study, a new assessment method was developed to investigate the ultimate loading capacity of stiffened plates with grooving corrosion damage. First, the basic parameters of stiffened plates (including model range, boundary condition, welding residual stress, initial geometric imperfection, and size of finite element) were assumed. Second, the influences of corrosion parameters and geometrical parameters of stiffened plates (such as finite element type, groove width, groove depth, groove depth-to-width ratio, plate flexibility, stiffener flexibility, and number of stiffeners) were analyzed. Third, based on the data analysis from a large number of nonlinear finite element analyses, the ultimate strength reduction formula of stiffened plates was derived. Last, the correctness of the formula was verified by ultimate strength experiment.

Introduction
Ships are always in the harsh marine environment, and it would inevitably be corroded. The existence of corrosion would reduce the effective thickness of structures and promote the generation of fatigue cracks, brittle failure, and instability damage. Grooving corrosion is a major corrosion form leading to structural failure of the hull structure (Zhang et al. 2017b). Therefore, it is very important to study the ultimate loading capacity of corroded structures to ensure the safety during the total expected life cycle.
Corrosion mainly included uniform corrosion and local corrosion. Local corrosion (such as pitting corrosion and grooving corrosion) was relatively complex. For local corrosion, complex corrosion status appears on the surface of the hull structure. Sultana et al. (2015) analyzed the effect of random pitting on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened plates. They found that the volume loss caused by corrosion resulted in a significant reduction in the ultimate strength of plates, up to 45%, compared with stiffened plates. Huang et al. (2017) derived the ultimate strength reduction formula of pitted stiffened plates by analyzing a large number of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) data. Woloszyk et al. (2018) studied the effect of severe local corrosion damage on the strength capacity of stiffened panels by combining finite element with experimental. They found that corrosion not only reduces the thickness of the structure but also increases the surface roughness and affects the mechanical properties.
Numerical Investigation on the Added Resistance and Seakeeping Performance of KVLCC2 with the SWENSE Method
Authors: Zhang Yang , Reliquet Gabriel , Bouscasse Benjamin , Gentaz Lionel , Le Touzé David 
Published: January 2021

In this study, the added resistance and seakeeping performance of the KVLCC2 ship is investigated by using the spectral wave explicit Navier–Stokes equations (SWENSE) method. The SWENSE method is based on the decomposition of the total field into an incident part explicitly obtained by the wave potential flow theory and a complementary part solved with a modified Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. Therefore, the computational efficiency can be achieved by using a relatively coarse mesh in the far field, retaining the accuracy of the incident waves. A parametric study is performed under regular wave conditions with 3Degree of Freedom (DOF) motions of the hull. The results are compared with the large literature available. An additional case is simulated to demonstrate the capability of the present method in simulating seakeeping problems in irregular sea states. Good agreement between the computed results with the reference data can be observed for the hull model, which indicates that the added resistance and seakeeping performances can be well predicted by the present method.

Introduction
In recent years, the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been introduced by the International Maritime Organization to restrict greenhouse gas emissions from ships. In the EEDI formula, the evaluation of the added resistance is required and defined as the increased resistance in the actual sea state due to waves, winds, etc. compared with the resistance in the calm sea condition. The resistance in actual sea states could be up to 30% greater than that in the calm water resistance (Lee et al. 2017). Therefore, prediction of the added resistance induced by waves is an important subject for ship design and is the focus of the present study.
Fatigue Strength Assessment of a Butt-Welded Joint in Ship Structures Based on Time-Domain Strain Approach
Authors: Dong Yan , Garbatov Yordan , Soares Carlos Guedes 
Published: January 2021

Fatigue strength assessment of a butt-welded joint in ship structures based on a time-domain strain approach is performed in this study. The service life load histories applied to the butt-welded joint located on the deck of a bulk carrier are generated, accounting for the still-water and wave-induced loads. The rainflow counting method is applied to analyze the load histories, and the long-term distributions of the load range are compared with those based on the conventional spectral fatigue analysis. An approach of converting the load history to a series of closed notch stress-strain hysteresis loops and several open notch stress-strain hysteresis curves is proposed and demonstrated under variable amplitude loading. The approach is based on analytical notch stress-strain estimations and consists of several steps to consider the material memory effect, overcoming some limitations of the existing methods. To determine the fatigue damage for the variable amplitude loading, a design fatigue curve is derived considering the uncertainty in the fatigue lives and load sequence effects. The intrinsic fatigue limit concept is used to filter the small amplitude cycles that do not have a damaging effect. The fatigue strength of the butt-welded joint is analyzed, taking the weld-induced residual stress and misalignment effects into account explicitly. The notch mean stresses or strain amplitudes of the cycles are significantly enhanced because of the presence of a high level of weld-induced tensile residual stress or misalignment, resulting in highly severe fatigue damage.
1. Introduction
Complex ship structures containing geometrical and material discontinuities are prone to fatigue because of cyclic loads. Therefore, fatigue strength assessment has been an important criterion in the ship structural design (Guedes Soares & Moan 1991). Various fatigue design concepts for the assessment of welded joints, where fatigue failures mostly originate, are applied (Xu 1997; Radaj et al. 2006), and they can be classified into two types. The first one is based on S-N curves in combination with the Palmgren-Miner rule, and the second one is based on the crack propagation models and failure criteria.
Study on Torsional Vibration Characteristics of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling
Authors: Xiao Nengqi , Xu Xiang , Zhou Ruiping , Chen Baojia 
Published: January 2021

In this work, the ship propulsion shaft system with cruciform universal coupling is studied. First, based on the analysis of the structure and characteristics of the cross-axis universal coupling, the motion relations and expressions between the components of the universal coupling are established by using the coordinate transformation method. Second, the characteristics of the four submodels of the head mass point element, the end mass point element, the universal coupling mass point element, and other mass point elements are discussed, and the corresponding torsional vibration differential equations of the four submodels are established. On this basis, the mathematical model of the propulsion shafting system and the differential equations of torsional vibration are established by using the modularization method and lumped parameter method. Finally, the torsional vibration modes and response characteristics of the shafts are calculated and analyzed by using the system matrix method when the external load driving torques of the universal coupling, propeller, and diesel engine are considered. At the same time, the correctness of the mathematical model and calculation method is verified by the test and comparative analysis of ship propulsion shafts. It lays a theoretical foundation for further research on torsional vibration characteristics and mechanisms of the ship propulsion shafting system based on universal coupling.

Introduction
Universal coupling is a common connection component of mechanical shaft system transmission. It is a common mechanism that can be used to transfer motion and torque. Universal coupling has no requirement for neutrality between the two axes connected. It can be used for intersecting, parallel or staggered multiposition relations, and can still ensure the continuous rotation of the two axes connected. Compared with the belt drive and chain drive, universal coupling has the advantages of large transmission range, compact transmission, high transmission efficiency, and convenient maintenance. Therefore, it is widely used in ships, automobiles, lifting and transportation (Avrigean et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2017), engineering machinery, and other equipment. Because of the manufacturing error, assembly error, and the failure to keep synchronous rotation between the driving shaft and the driven shaft in the working process, additional inertia moment of the universal coupling is generated, which causes the vibration of the system and even leads to the fracture of the universal coupling in serious cases.
CFD Simulations and Experiments of a Submarine in Turn, Zigzag, and Surfacing Maneuvers
Authors: Carrica Pablo M. , Kerkvliet Maarten , Quadvlieg Frans , Martin J. Ezequiel 
Published: January 2021

We present simulations and experiments of the generic submarine Joubert BB2 performing standard turn, zigzag, and surfacing maneuvers in calm water at depth. The free-sailing experiments, performed at Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), are unique in that they present an open dataset for the community to benchmark maneuvering prediction methodologies. Computations were performed with explicitly gridded sailplanes, tail planes, and propellers using a dynamic overset technique. This study analyzes a 20-degree turning maneuver with vertical control commanding the stern planes and a 20/20 zigzag maneuver with vertical control commanding both sail and stern planes, both of them at a nominal speed of 10 knots, and a 20-degree rise maneuver with horizontal control at 12 knots. The results show that computational fluid dynamics can predict well motions and speeds for free-sailing conditions, but controller commands are harder to replicate. Computations of the rise maneuver with surfacing compare well with experiments, including a crashback maneuver to stop the submarine.

Introduction
Simulation of free-running submarine maneuvers is demanding in terms of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) capabilities and computational resources. Full 6-DoF motions, moving appendages, control algorithms, and scalable performance are some of the requirements to execute free-running maneuvering simulations. Open literature data for validation of submarine maneuvers are very limited and consist mostly of static conditions (see for instance rotating arm [Toxopeus et al. 2012] and static drift [Roddy 1990; Toxopeus 2008] data for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Suboff and static drift [Quick & Woodyatt 2014] for the Joubert hull form [Joubert 2006]). A new dataset has been recently made available to the research community for the generic submarine model BB2 (Overpelt et al. 2015), based on the Joubert hull form.
An Experimental Investigation on Reduction Effect of Damping Devices for the Recessing Type Moonpool with a Large Aspect Ratio
Authors: Xianghong Huang , Wei Xiao , Xiongliang Yao , Jiayang Gu , Zhiyong Jiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Compared with the square and circle moonpools, the rectangular moonpool with a large aspect ratio is more conducive to install the equipment. To reduce fluid motion in the rectangular moonpool with a large aspect ratio, a recess is installed in the moonpool. However, the fluid motion in a recessing type moonpool with a large aspect ratio has been rarely studied. In this study, a series of experiments are carried out to investigate on the hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid in the recessing type moonpool with a large aspect ratio. To facilitate the monitoring of the fluid motions, experiments are carried out in a transparent wave channel with the model made up of transparent acrylic. According to the experiment results, there are some complicated fluid motions in the moonpool. Under the resonance condition, the fluid moves violently in the moonpool. To reduce the fluid motion in the recessing type moonpool, three damping devices including the positive grid of flaps, the negative grid of flaps, and the grid of baffles are proposed. The reduction effect of the three damping devices is investigated experimentally. The damping devices have good reduction effects at most time. The smaller the incident wave period, the better is the reduction effect.

Introduction
The moonpools run vertically through the hull of ships or marine structures, providing a sheltered working environment under harsh ocean conditions. The fluid motion in the moonpool is similar to that in the slit between the ships or rectangular bodies (Faltinsen et al. 2007; Mavrakos & Chatjigeorgiou 2009; Ikeda et al. 2012; Chen et al. 2014; Heo et al. 2014; Zhang & Bandyk 2014; Faltinsen & Timokha 2015; Yu et al. 2017; Gao et al. 2019d). Two dominant types of fluid motions, the piston motion and the sloshing motion, are discussed (Fukuda 1977; Molin 2001; McIver 2005; Kristiansen & Faltinsen 2012; Zhou & Zhang 2013).
Build Strategy Development
Authors: Clark John , Lamb Thomas 
Published: January 2021

The 1985 NSRP Design for Production Manual describes the use of a Build Strategy as a basis for improved shipbuilding performance through front-end involvement of all departments and better communication. A number of U.S. shipbuilders are known to have used the approach. However, the extent of its use and the experience of the users was unknown. To remedy this situation the SP-4 Panel conceived a project to determine:how widely "the Build Strategy approach" was known and used by U.S. shipbuilders, anda suitable Build Strategy framework with examples of its use for two typical ship types.
This paper summarizes the performance of the project and briefly describes the findings of the U.S. and foreign shipyard surveys and visits, the required prerequisites for use of a Build Strategy and benefits from its use. It also includes the contents list for the proposed Build Strategy framework.