bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy and Validity of Serological and Molecular Tests for
Hepatitis B and C
Authors: Zangiabadian Moein , Zamani Amir , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Behzadi Elham , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Hepatitis B and C viruses are one of the leading causes of health problems in the world and early diagnosis and treatment of them are very important. Thereby, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of usable diagnostic tests for the detection of hepatitis B and C viruses in the clinical setting and to compare them with each other.

Materials and Methods:
In this review article, we have searched major online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE. 42 retrieved articles were published between January 2000 and January 2020, which are summarized in this review.

Results:
Immunoassay approaches are general techniques for the identification of pathogenic agents, among which ELISA is the gold standard for the detection of HBsAg. While serological techniques are not conclusive, molecular assays are really important because of the high sensitivity to detect chronic hepatitis B without HBeAg, in which viral loads are very low. Biosensors have more elevated selectivity and sensitivity and faster responses compared to other methods.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that all of the molecular, serological, and biotechnological assays have advantages and disadvantages for diagnosing hepatitis B and C viruses which are dependent on the condition, so we should choose one of them in regards to the time, cost, and laboratory equipment along with the clinical symptoms.
Antimycotic Drugs and their Mechanisms of Resistance to Candida Species
Authors: Dahiya Sweety , Sharma Namita , Punia Aruna , Choudhary Pooja , Gulia Prity , Parmar Virinder S. , Chhillar Anil K. 
Published: July 2021

:Fungal infections have shown an upsurge in recent decades, which is mainly because of the increasing number of immunocompromised patients and the occurrence of invasive candidiasis has been found to be 7-15 fold greater than that of invasive aspergillosis. The genus Candida comprises more than 150 distinct species, however, only a few of them are found to be pathogenic to humans. Mortality rates of Candida species are found to be around 45% and the reasons for this intensified mortality are inefficient diagnostic techniques and unfitting initial treatment strategies. There are only a few antifungal drug classes that are employed for the remedy of invasive fungal infections. which include azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and pyrimidine analogs. During the last 2-3 decades, the usage of antifungal drugs has increased several folds due to which the reports of escalating antifungal drug resistance have also been recorded. The resistance is mostly to the triazole- based compounds. Due to the occurrence of antifungal drug resistance, the success rates of treatment have been reduced as well as major changes have been observed in the frequency of fungal infections. In this review, we have summarized the major molecular mechanisms for the development of antifungal drug resistance.
Decoding the Transcriptional Response to Ischemic Stroke in Obese and Non-obese Mice Brain
Authors: Liang Jing , Hu Ruiyao , Wang Xin , Liu Xinjing , Pei Lulu , Tian Mengke , Sun Wenxian , Zhang Luyang , Ding Lan , Wang Yuying , Xu Yuming , Song Bo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Ischemic Stroke (IS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease, which leads to irreversible
damage or death of brain cells. Effective control of stroke risk factors can effectively reduce
the incidence of IS. However, there was an “obesity paradox” about the relationship between
obesity and the prognosis of IS, in which obesity would not bring worse outcomes than non-obese
IS patients.

Objective:
Herein, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional response to IS in obese and nonobese
mice brain via RNA-Seq technology. The datasets of obese and non-obese mice with/without
IS were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Methods:
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Control and Obesity (DEGsObesity) and
between Obesity and Obese-Stroke (DEGsObese-Stroke) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO),
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Protein-Protein Interaction
(PPI) network analysis were performed to predict the function of DEGs. 28 and 109
DEGs were screened in DEGsObesity and DEGsObese-Stroke, respectively.

Results:
Significantly, in the top 10 key-genes of DEGsObese-Stroke (Tnf, Lgals3, Serpinb2,
Ly6c2, Chil3, Clec4e, Mmp3, Mefv, Spn, Tlr8), Tnf and Mefv were involved in the NOD-like receptor
signaling pathway, which was consistent with KEGG pathway enrichment results. And Chil3,
as a mononuclear cell marker, was significantly elevated in Obese-Stroke compared with Stroke,
suggesting mononuclear cell, rather than other peripheral immune cells, infiltrated into the brain of
Obese-stroke.

Conclusion:
Hence, we concluded that obesity could affect the brain microenvironment at the transcriptome
level and Stroke after obesity could lead to more changes in NOD-like receptor signaling
pathway and monocyte infiltration, compared with non-obese Stroke.
Genetic Screening of Patients with Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Gbefon Cossi Y. , Sobral Carla P. S. , Caldas Adriana , Rocha Viviane C. C. , Azulay Rossana S. S. , Nascimento Gilvan C. , Damianse Sabrina S. P. , Gaspar Silvia A. S. , Faria Manuel S. , Magalhães Marcelo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (THPP) is a rare neuromuscular
disease characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia.
Alterations in protein-encoding genes that are part of ion channels seem to be related to
the development of this disease. However, the pathogenic potential of some variants in these genomic
regions is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to screen genetic alterations in
regions coding for calcium (cav1.1), sodium (nav1.4), and potassium (Kir2.6) channels, evaluating
its impact on the phenotype of patients with THPP.

Method:
Four patients with a diagnosis of THPP followed by the Endocrinology Service of the
University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (Brazil) were investigated for the presence
of molecular abnormalities in CACNA1S, SCN4A, and KCNJ18 genes.

Result:
The KCNJ18 analysis revealed at least one polymorphic variant in each patient. Considering
the haplotypic classification of R39Q, R40H, A56E, and I249V variants, two cases were named
Kir2.6_RRAI and the other two patients were named Kir2.6_QHEV. No patient had point mutations
in the regions evaluated for CACNA1S and SCN4A genes.

Conclusion:
The identification of the Kir2.6_RRAI and Kir2.6_QHEV haplotypes reinforces the
existence of two main haplotypes involving these four loci of the KCNJ18gene. On the other hand,
point mutations in CACNA1S, SCN4A, and KCNJ18 genes do not seem to be the main mechanism
of pathogenesis of THPP, indicating that many questions about this topic still remain unclear. So,
the diagnosis of this rare disorder should still be based on clinical and biochemical aspects presented
by the patient.
Anti-COVID-19 Sulfonamides: A DFT, Docking and ADMET Study
Authors: Halder Umesh C. , Al Hoque Ashique , Guha Chayan , Sepay Nayim , Dey Sankar P. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The development of a specific curative drug or prophylactic and vaccine
is urgently required to cure COVID-19. Sulfonamide and its derivatives are famous for their multifaceted
antibiotic and antiviral activities against verities of a pathogen.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to find new potential molecules for COVID-19 treatment.
We tested some sulfonamide molecules (including antiviral compounds) as SARS CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Docking study
have been utilized for protein-small molecule affinity prediction. The SwissADME server was
used for pharmacokinetics and drug-like likeness prediction, and the Pred-hERG server was employed
for cardiotoxicity prediction.

Results:
In this study, sixteen sulfonamides have been investigated in silico, with a perspective to
obtaining a potential anti-covid compound. The sulfonamides have been subjected to molecular
docking with SARS CoV-2 Mpro, mainly responsible for viral infection and replication. We discover
the molecular flexibility and charge distribution profoundly affecting the binding of the compounds
to the protein. Moderately flexible (six rotatable bond) and less polar (sufficient hydrophobic)
sulfonamide are favorable for strong binding with the enzyme. Here, the bioavailability properties
like adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetics, and potential toxicity of
these compounds have also been checked.

Conclusion:
Low cardio-toxicity and high bioavailability make these sulfonamides a good anti-
COVID-19 drug option. The sulfonamide 16 was found to be the best.
Pregnant Women’s Attitudes Toward and Experiences With a Tablet Intervention to Promote Safety Behaviors in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Qualitative Study
Authors: Walter Bente , Indreboe Hege , Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa 
Published: July 2021

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a global health problem. Women with low education and limited resources are more vulnerable, as are immigrant women. There is a lack of evidence on how health care professionals should communicate about and intervene against IPV during pregnancy. Earlier research has shown that when women manage digital questionnaires, they are more likely to disclose IPV. However, little is known about how women experience eHealth interventions with safety behaviors to prevent IPV.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with a tablet intervention to promote safety behaviors in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in antenatal care.

Methods
Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 women who participated in the Safe Pregnancy Study. The Safe Pregnancy Study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a tablet intervention containing IPV questions and a film to promote safety behaviors. Six women from the intervention group and four women from the control group were recruited. The content was available in Norwegian, Somali, and Urdu. Five of the women participating in the interviews spoke Norwegian at home and five spoke another language. The majority of the women who did not speak Norwegian at home perceived themselves as relatively well integrated. The interviews were conducted at different maternal and child health centers (MCHCs) in Norway between March 2020 and June 2020. The analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

Results
Women who participated in the tablet intervention appreciated being asked questions about IPV on a tablet. However, it was important to supplement the tablet intervention with face-to-face communication with a midwife. The MCHC was regarded as a suitable place to answer questions and watch a film about safety behaviors. Women suggested making the tablet intervention available in other settings where women meet health care professionals. Some women expressed uncertainty about their anonymity regarding their answers in the questionnaire. We found no real differences between ethnic Norwegian and immigrant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with the tablet intervention.

Conclusions
Questions about IPV and a film about safety behaviors on a tablet, as a supplement to face-to-face communication, might initiate and facilitate communication about IPV in antenatal care. Uncertainty regarding anonymity has to be addressed when questions about IPV are being asked on a tablet.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03397277; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03397277
Políticas Públicas de Habitação e a implantação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na cidade de Caetité, Bahia
Authors: Aguiar Ane Caroline Azevedo Santos , Ferraz Ana Emília de Quadros 
Published: July 2021

A questão da habitação pode ser considerada um dos principais problemas sociais urbanos do Brasil. Numa perspectiva que concebe o problema da moradia integrado à questão do direito à cidade, é possível perceber que as políticas públicas habitacionais brasileiras, que deveriam ser criadas com o intuito de suprir os números referentes ao déficit habitacional, muitas vezes não solucionam de maneira efetiva tal problemática. Somado a isso têm-se a atuação dos agentes produtores do espaço que configuram a cidade de acordo com seus interesses particulares. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar o modo como essas atuações influenciam nas decisões relativas às políticas públicas habitacionais, tendo como objeto de estudo a implantação do PMCMV na cidade de Caetité, Bahia.

Palavras-chave: Habitação. Agentes. Política Pública.
Jupyter: Thinking and Storytelling with Code and Data
Authors: Granger Brian , Pérez Fernando 
Published: July 2021

Project Jupyter is an open-source project for interactive computing
widely used in data science, machine learning, and scientific computing.
We argue that even though Jupyter helps users perform complex, technical
work, Jupyter itself solves problems that are fundamentally human in
nature. Namely, Jupyter helps humans to think and tell stories with code
and data. We illustrate this by describing three dimensions of Jupyter:
interactive computing, computational narratives, and the idea that
Jupyter is more than software. We illustrate the impact of these
dimensions on a community of practice in Earth and climate science.
DATA Act Dashboard: An Instructional Case Using Data Visualization
Authors: Kitching Karen A. , Coble Eileen , Phillips Alex 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This case instructs students on how to extract, transform, and load data (ETL) from disparate sources to perform analysis on Federal Government agency spending transactions: the financial statements of the U.S. Government Accountability Office, DATA Act spending data, and Office of Management and Budget object class definitions. Students also learn to construct an interactive dashboard to allow users to discover and investigate agency spending data and to drill down to specific dimensions, such as program activity or object classification, and to specific standard general ledger accounts used by the Federal Government. A companion case demonstrates how to use robotic process automation to automate some of the ETL steps. This case is designed to be flexible so that it can be implemented in any undergraduate or graduate accounting course from government accounting and auditing to data analytics based on the instructor's preference.
JEL Classifications: H61; M41; M42; M48.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
patrimonio cultural desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar e interinstitucional: una apuesta pedagógica con miras a suscitar y fortalecer la identidad
Authors: Jamaica Delgado Jeisson 
Published: July 2021

Bogotá cuenta con una amplia y diversa oferta cultural, no obstante, los índices de la última Encuesta Bienal de Culturas (2015) señalan que la mayoría de los habitantes de la ciudad no hace uso de dicha oferta. Esta problemática alimenta y se alimenta de una falta de apropiación del Patrimonio Cultural (pc) material e inmaterial, a la vez que genera un desafío para las instituciones gubernamentales, el sector privado, la academia y las comunidades, entre otros actores, en términos del diseño, ejecución y constante seguimiento de estrategias que garanticen el acceso, difusión y disfrute de actividades, bienes, servicios y espacios culturales.
A partir de la educación patrimonial, esta investigación busca generar un diálogo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional para abordar distintos momentos de nuestra historia por medio del arte, con el objetivo de demostrar el potencial que el aprovechamiento de la oferta cultural tiene para romper barreras entre disciplinas y para acercar al espectador a su pasado a través del pc. Para ello, este estudio asocia cuatro períodos históricos, cuatro museos y cuatro objetos. Se evidencia entonces la forma en que, a través de un enfoque interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, es posible hacer del arte y de la apropiación del pc herramientas para el abordaje de procesos y eventos históricos complejos atados a la construcción de la identidad en Colombia.
Ambiguous Sentence Processing in Translation
Authors: Ruíz Jason Omar , Macizo Pedro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The goal of our research was to explore the possible online co-activation of both the target language (TL) syntactic structure representation and TL attachment strategies in translation, and to look over a possible interaction between both syntactic properties. To this purpose, Spanish (L1) – English (L2) bilinguals were instructed to read complex noun phrases with an ambiguous relative clause in Spanish to either repeat them in Spanish or translate them into English. The final word of the sentences and the syntactic congruency between the source language (SL) and TL syntactic structure were manipulated. The results revealed co-activation of both TL syntactic properties: participants interpreted sentences more accordingly to the TL preferred strategy (low attachment) in the reading for translation task, read congruent sentences faster, and used the TL preferred interpretation strategy in the congruent condition of the sentences more. These results indicated TL activation at different syntactic levels during comprehension of the SL in translation.
Spatial interference triggered by gaze and arrows. The role of target background on spatial interference
Authors: Román-Caballero Rafael , Marotta Andrea , Lupiáñez Juan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent evidence with a spatial interference paradigm has shown that arrows and eye gaze yield opposite congruency effects, arrow target eliciting faster responses when their direction is congruent with their position (standard congruency effect), and gaze producing faster reaction times for incongruent conditions (reversed congruency effect). But in ecological contexts eye gaze tend to be more perceptually complex (i.e., embedded in the whole face) than simple arrows. The present study aimed to replicate this dissociation using whole faces and a comparable non-social target, formed by arrows embedded in a colored geometric background. Whereas the reversed congruency effect with gaze was replicated, the standard spatial interference with arrows was surprisingly absent. A similar outcome appeared when the contrast between the arrows and the task-irrelevant background increased. The results confirm the robustness of the reversed congruency effect with eyes, regardless of whether they are presented alone or within a face. In addition, and importantly, the unexpected absence of the spatial conflict with complex arrow targets seems to be a consequence of higher figure-ground segregation demands, which extend the processing of the task-relevant spatial dimension and, in turn, cause the decay of the location code. This pattern of results, and the provided interpretation, can explain previous unexplained findings in the spatial interference literature.
Expect the unexpected: Processing of sensory information in the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threats
Authors: Koderman Eva 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anxiety is characterized by a sustained state of heightened vigilance due to uncertain danger, producing increased attention to a perceived threat in one's environment. To further examine this exploited the temporal resolution afforded by event-related potentials to investigate the impact of predictability of threat on early perceptual activity. We recruited 28 participants and utilized a within-subject design to examine hypervigilance in anticipation of shock, unpleasant picture and unpleasant sound during a task with unpredictable, predictable and no threat. We investigated if habituation to stimuli was present by asking the participants to rate unpleasantness and intensity of the stimuli before and after the experiment. We observed hypervigilance in the unpredictable threat of shock. Habituation was observed for the visual stimuli. The present study suggests that unpredictability enhances attentional engagement with neutral somatosensory stimuli when the threat is of the same modality, meaning we observed the presence of hypervigilance which is a characteristic of anxiety.
Cultural political economy of Europe 2020: Jean Monnet Chair CPE 2020 and its impact
Authors: Rončević Borut 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main goal of the grand strategy Europe 2020 is to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Implementation of such grand strategy is an arduous process, which has so far more often than not resulted in implementation deficit. The article follows the Cultural Political Economy approach and is based on a premise that to successfully implement a grand strategy of Europe 2020 and its successor strategies, we need to construe the strategy as a hegemonic discourse that needs to pass the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention. Possible mechanism of retention of Europe 2020 is the innovative educational that was developed and tested in Jean Monnet Chair project Cultural Political Economy of Europe 2020. The approach can contribute to awareness of EU grand strategies and their implementation through other programmatic documents and advance interdisciplinary EU studies dealing with the phenomenon of EU implementation deficit.
The measurement of innovation for management, Research and policy
Authors: Gangaliuc Cristian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is a literature review regarding the known practices of measuring innovation, for policy, research or management purposes. Article is deliberating on the importance of known and most notable methodologies, such as innovation survey, interviews, case studies and mixed research. The following methodologies are presented with regard to their strong and weak points, to perform an objective evaluation and exemplification. Alongside methodologies, paper concentrates on the practices of innovation measurement, such as approaches taken by the OECD and EU assessments, presenting the possible angles that can be conceptualized during conceptualization and innovation measurement. The article ends with the presentation of the concept of Management of Innovation, that is a growing paradigm that emphasizes the ability of an actor to innovate rather than its development outcomes. Following the line of presented methodologies, approaches and considerations, conclusions outline that innovation is becoming more and more a social phenomenon, rather than a purely technical one. That presents an opportunity to build practices of including innovation into the semiotic and economic dialogue of national and supranational bodies, and not limit the policy of innovation to regional or national strategies.
Public policy instrument evaluation in service of enabling grand strategy discourse – Case of Horizon 2020 key indicators
Authors: Jurak Alenka Pandiloska 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to illustrate the problem of public policy evaluation in regards to the availability of the information. By that, we want to warn about the issue of a disabled discourse of relevant social groups and institutions in the European Union. For this article, we evaluate public policy instrument H2020. The evaluation covers the availability of the data, that should enable interim and ex-post evaluation. The article offers a soulution to the emerging issue. Through the prism of Cultural political economy, the evaluation results also indicate the issue of Europe 2020 instruments retention. Consistency and transparency are not needed only throughout the different policies and strategy goals but also throughout their retention to assure the set goals.