bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of e-Cigarette–Related Search Items on YouTube: Network Analysis
Authors: Dashtian Hassan , Murthy Dhiraj , Kong Grace 
Published: October 2021

Background
e-Cigarette use among youth is high, which may be due in part to pro–e-cigarette content on social media such as YouTube. YouTube is also a valuable resource for learning about e-cigarette use, trends, marketing, and e-cigarette user perceptions. However, there is a lack of understanding on how similar e-cigarette–related search items result in similar or relatively mutually exclusive search results. This study uses novel methods to evaluate the relationship between e-cigarette–related search items and results.

Objective
The aim of this study is to apply network modeling and rule-based classification to characterize the relationships between e-cigarette–related search items on YouTube and gauge the level of importance of each search item as part of an e-cigarette information network on YouTube.

Methods
We used 16 fictitious YouTube profiles to retrieve 4201 distinct videos from 18 keywords related to e-cigarettes. We used network modeling to represent the relationships between the search items. Moreover, we developed a rule-based classification approach to classify videos. We used betweenness centrality (BC) and correlations between nodes (ie, search items) to help us gain knowledge of the underlying structure of the information network.

Results
By modeling search items and videos as a network, we observed that broad search items such as e-cig had the most connections to other search items, and specific search items such as cigalike had the least connections. Search items with similar words (eg, vape and vaping) and search items with similar meaning (eg, e-liquid and e-juice) yielded a high degree of connectedness. We also found that each node had 18 (SD 34.8) connections (common videos) on average. BC indicated that general search items such as electronic cigarette and vaping had high importance in the network (BC=0.00836). Our rule-based classification sorted videos into four categories: e-cigarette devices (34%-57%), cannabis vaping (16%-28%), e-liquid (14%-37%), and other (8%-22%).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that search items on YouTube have unique relationships that vary in strength and importance. Our methods can not only be used to successfully identify the important, overlapping, and unique e-cigarette–related search items but also help determine which search items are more likely to act as a gateway to e-cigarette–related content.
Russian-Language Mobile Apps for Reducing Alcohol Use: Systematic Search and Evaluation
Authors: Bunova Anna , Wiemker Veronika , Gornyi Boris , Ferreira-Borges Carina , Neufeld Maria 
Published: October 2021

Background
Personalized prevention tools such as mobile apps designed to reduce alcohol consumption are widespread in mobile app stores accessible in Russia. However, the quality and content of these mobile apps have not been systematically evaluated.

Objective
This study aimed to identify Russian-language mobile apps for reducing alcohol use and to evaluate their quality and potential to change alcohol-related health behavior. It further aimed to identify apps that could facilitate screening and brief interventions in primary health care in Russia.

Methods
A systematic search for mobile apps available in Russia was carried out between April 1 and 15, 2020, December 1 and 15, 2020, and in March 2021 in the iPhone App Store, Google Play Store, and the 4PDA forum. App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), and structured searches in electronic libraries and bibliographic databases were used to evaluate the apps’ evidence base. The number of features facilitating changes in lifestyle behavior was assessed using the App Behavior Change Scale (ABACUS).

Results
We identified 63 mobile apps for reducing alcohol use. The mean MARS quality ratings were high for the subscales of functionality (3.92 out of 5, SD 0.58) and aesthetics (2.96, SD 0.76) and low for engagement (2.42, SD 0.76) and information (1.65, SD 0.60). Additional searches in electronic libraries and bibliographic databases (eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar) yielded no studies involving the identified apps. ABACUS scores ranged from 1 to 15 out of 25, with a mean of 5 (SD 3.24). Two of the identified apps might be useful for screening and brief interventions in Russian primary health care after improvements in content and scientific testing.

Conclusions
Russian-language mobile apps for reducing alcohol use are accessible in the app stores. Many of them are aesthetically pleasing, functional, and easy to use. However, information about their scientific trialing or testing is lacking. Most apps contain a low number of features that facilitate changes in lifestyle behavior. Further research should examine the context of Russian-language mobile apps for reducing alcohol use. Our findings underline the need to develop evidence-based apps to mitigate alcohol consumption in Russia and elsewhere.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020167458; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=167458
Prescribing Smartphone Apps for Physical Activity Promotion in Primary Care: Modeling Study of Health Gain and Cost Savings
Authors: Grout Leah , Telfer Kendra , Wilson Nick , Cleghorn Christine , Mizdrak Anja 
Published: October 2021

Background
Inadequate physical activity is a substantial cause of health loss worldwide, and this loss is attributable to diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and certain forms of cancer.

Objective
This study aims to assess the potential impact of the prescription of smartphone apps in primary care settings on physical activity levels, health gains (in quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]), and health system costs in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods
A proportional multistate lifetable model was used to estimate the change in physical activity levels and predict the resultant health gains in QALYs and health system costs over the remaining life span of the NZ population alive in 2011 at a 3% discount rate.

Results
The modeled intervention resulted in an estimated 430 QALYs gained (95% uncertainty interval 320-550), with net cost savings of 2011 NZ $2.2 million (2011 US $1.5 million) over the remaining life span of the 2011 NZ population. On a per capita basis, QALY gains were generally larger in women than in men and larger in Māori than in non-Māori. The health impact and cost-effectiveness of the intervention were highly sensitive to assumptions on intervention uptake and decay. For example, the scenario analysis with the largest benefits, which assumed a 5-year maintenance of additional physical activity levels, delivered 1750 QALYs and 2011 NZ $22.5 million (2011 US $15.1 million) in cost savings.

Conclusions
The prescription of smartphone apps for promoting physical activity in primary care settings is likely to generate modest health gains and cost savings at the population level in this high-income country. Such gains may increase with ongoing improvements in app design and increased health worker promotion of the apps to patients.
Risky behaviors and eating disorders symptomatology among undergraduate students from South of Jalisco, Mexico / Conductas de riesgo y sintomatología de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en estudiantes universitarios del Sur de Jalisco, México
Authors: Franco Paredes Karina , Martínez Moreno Alma Gabriela , Díaz Reséndiz Felipe De Jesús , López-Espinoza Antonio , Aguilera Cervantes Virginia , Valdés Miramontes Elia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract The purpose of this research was to estimate the occurrence of risky behaviors and eating disorders symptomatology among undergraduate students from South of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample comprised 143 women with a mean age of 19.90 (SD = 2.14) and 109 men with a mean age of 21.21 (SD= 3.53) who answered the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The results showed that a higher percentage of women have been on a diet and consumed weight loss products compared with men, who reported to do exercise in order to burn calories. Also, higher percentage of women showed body dissatisfaction (14%) and eating disorders symptomatology (11.9%) in comparison with men (10% and 4.6%, respectively). Women with body dissatisfaction showed a higher number of risky behaviors compared with people without body dissatisfaction. The findings of this research revealed that an important number of undergraduate students from south of Jalisco showed risky behaviors and eating disorders symptomatology. Key words: Risky behavior, body dissatisfaction, eating disorders symptomatology, women, men. Resumen El propósito de la presente investigación fue estimar la ocurrencia de conductas de riesgo y sintomatología de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en estudiantes universitarios del Sur del Estado de Jalisco, México. La muestra incluyó 143 mujeres con una edad promedio de 19.90 años (DE = 2.14) y 109 varones con una edad promedio de 21.21 años (DE = 3.53), quienes contestaron el Cuestionario de Actitudes Alimentarias, el Cuestionario de Bulimia de Edimburgo y el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal. Los resultados mostraron que mayores porcentajes de mujeres habían realizado dietas restrictivas y consumieron productos para adelgazar en comparación con los varones, quienes indicaron que realizaban ejercicio con la finalidad de quemar calorías en mayor medida que las mujeres. Asimismo, mayores porcentajes de mujeres presentaron insatisfacción corporal (14%) y sintomatología de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (11.9%) en comparación con los varones (10% y 4.6%, respectivamente). Las mujeres con insatisfacción corporal presentaron mayor número de conductas de riesgo que quienes estaban satisfechas con su cuerpo. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran que una cantidad importante de jóvenes universitarios del Sur de Jalisco presentaron conductas alimentarias de riesgo o sintomatología de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario. Palabras clave: Conducta de riesgo, insatisfacción corporal, sintomatología de trastorno del comportamiento alimentario, mujeres, varones.
Families of adolescents with eating disorders: How their members perceive the family functioning? / La familia de adolescentes con trastornos alimentarios: ¿Cómo perciben sus miembros el funcionamiento familiar?
Authors: Maglio Ana Laura , Molina. María Fernanda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine family functioning of different family members of adolescents with eating disorders (ED) at the start of psychotherapy and analyze the differences in their perception, since the approach of Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. The study included 170 people grouped in 20 of adolescents with ED (father, mother, adolescent and sibling closest in age) and 26 control families. For this analysis, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale and the Adolescent-Parent Communication Inventory were used. The clinical families had lower clinical cohesion, less open communications and more communication problems. Siblings perceived less cohesion than the rest of the family and also reported having a negative communication pattern with their parents. The family functioning perception differs between family members, that ́s why perception of one member is not generalizable to all family group. The inclusion of siblings allows detecting non shared family environmental factors. We discuss the implication of these results in the psychotherapeutic treatment. Key words: Family Functioning, Eating Disorders, Adolescents, Siblings. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el funcionamiento familiar de los diferentes miembros de la familia de adolescentes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) al inicio del tratamiento psicoterapéutico y analizar las diferencias respecto de su percepción, desde el enfoque del Modelo Circumplejo de Sistemas Maritales y Familiares. Participaron del estudio 170 personas que conformaban 20 grupos de familias de adolescentes con TCA (padre, madre, adolescente y hermano/a más cercano en edad) y 26 grupos familiares controles. Fueron evaluados con la Escala de Evaluación de la Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar y el Inventario de Comunicación Adolescente-Padre. Las familias clínicas presentaron menor cohesión, menos comunicación abierta y más problemas en la comunicación. Los hermanos/as percibían menor cohesión que el resto de la familia y también referían tener un patrón comunicacional negativo con sus padres. La percepción del funcionamiento familiar difiere entre los distintos miembros de una misma familia, por lo que la visión de uno de los miembros no resulta generalizable a todo el grupo familiar. La inclusión de los hermanos/as permite detectar factores ambientales familiares no compartidos por la adolescente con TCA. Se discute la implicación de estos resultados en el tratamiento psicoterapéutico. Palabras clave: Funcionamiento familiar, Trastornos alimentarios, Adolescentes, Hermanos.
Relationship between self-esteem and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia in men with different levels of risk / Relación entre autoestima y síntomas de dismorfia muscular en varones con diferentes niveles de riesgo
Authors: Escoto Ponce de León María Del Consuelo , Camacho Ruiz Esteban Jaime , Alvarez Rayón Georgina Leticia , Díaz Reséndiz Felipe De Jesús , Morales Ramírez Alejandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The purposes of this study were to identify the symptoms of muscle dysmorphia in four groups of men; compare the self-esteem among groups with high, moderate and low drive for muscularity; and evaluate the relationship between these variables. The sample included 295 men aged 15 to 63 years-old (57 competitors bodybuilders, 40 not competitors, 47 gym users, and 151 sedentary) who answered the Drive for Muscularity Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results indicated that 43.9% of competitors bodybuilders, 27.5% non-competitors bodybuilders, 10.6% of gym users, and 1.3% of sedentary had symptoms of muscle dys- morphia. Covariance analysis, controlling for age, indicated that participants with lower self-esteem were those who scored higher on drive for muscularity, compared with those with moderate and low self-esteem. Finally, there was a significant and negative correlation between self-esteem and drive for muscularity, however, these results do not reveal whether self-esteem is a precursor or a consequence of drive for muscularity, so that future studies could longitudinally investigate the role of self-esteem in the development of drive for muscularity. Key words: muscle dysmorphia, self-esteem, men, bodybuilders, exercise. Resumen. Los propósitos de este estudio fueron: identificar los síntomas de dismorfia muscular en cuatro grupos de varones, comparar la autoestima entre los grupos con alta, moderada y baja motivación por la musculatura, y evaluar la relación entre dichas variables. La muestra incluyó 295 varones de 15 a 63 años de edad (57 fisicoconstructivistas competidores, 40 no competidores, 47 usuarios de gimnasio y 151 sedentarios) quienes contestaron la Escala de Motivación por la Musculatura y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados indicaron que 43.9% de fisicoconstructivistas competidores, 27.5% de fisicoconstructivistas no competidores, 10.6% de usuarios de gimnasio y 1.3% de sedentarios presentaron síntomas de dismorfia muscular. El análisis de covarianza, controlando la edad, indicó que los participantes con menor autoestima fueron los que puntuaron más alto en motivación por la musculatura, en comparación con los de moderada y baja motivación. Finalmente, se observó una correlación significativa y negativa entre la autoestima y la motivación por la musculatura, sin embargo, estos resultados no revelan si la autoestima es un precursor de la motivación por la musculatura o una consecuencia, por lo que futuros estudios podrían investigar longitudinalmente el rol de la autoestima en el desarrollo de la motivación por la musculatura. Palabras clave: dismorfia muscular, autoestima, varones, fisicoconstructivistas, ejercicio.
Synthesis and new contributions in the study of obesity / Síntesis y nuevas aportaciones para el estudio de la obesidad
Authors: Mestas Hernández Lilia , Gordillo León Fernando , Arana Martínez José M. , Salvador Cruz Judith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Obesity is a medical condition that affects millions of people around the world whose neurochemical, cognitive and environmental/social factors should be treated together for its better understanding. This review aims to analyse the latest research in order to understand the etiology and development of obesity with a focus on the most important aspects for treatment that extend beyond diet and exercise such as: a) the physiological mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis, b) cognitive deficits in executive functions, memory, attention and learning; c) emotional processing and stress d) environmental/social factors and e) body perception of obese individuals. It is necessary to integrate all these factors together with improvements in differential diagnosis and the clarification of role played by genetic and environmental factors in its etiology. Keywords: executive functions, obesity, overweight, overestimation. Resumen La obesidad es una condición clínica que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo y cuyos componentes neuroquímicos, cognitivos y ambientales/sociales deberían ser tratados de manera conjunta para su mejor comprensión. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo analizar las investigaciones más recientes, con el fin de comprender la etiología y desarrollo de la obesidad, centrando la atención en los aspectos más importantes para su tratamiento, y que van más allá del control de la dieta y el ejercicio físico, como son: a) los mecanismos fisiológicos que subyacen a la homeostasis energética; b) los déficit cognitivos en las funciones ejecutivas, la memoria, la atención y el aprendizaje; c) el procesamiento emocional y el estrés; d) los factores ambientales/sociales y, e) la percepción que la persona obesa tiene de su propio cuerpo. Resulta necesario integrar todos estos factores, junto a una mejora en el diagnóstico diferencial, y la clarificación del papel que juegan los factores genéticos y ambientales en su etiología. Palabras Clave: funciones ejecutivas, obesidad, sobrepeso, sobrestimación.
Risk of eating disorder in school children from Buenos Aires: Its relationship with perfectionism / Riesgo de trastorno alimentario en niños escolarizados de Buenos Aires: Su asociación con perfeccionismo
Authors: Elizathe Luciana , Murawski Brenda , Custodio Jésica , Rutsztein Guillermina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate risk of eating disorder (ED) and perfectionism in school girls and boys, and to analyze whether there is an association between both variables. The sample was composed by 337 children (51% girls-49% boys) aged between 9 and 13 years. A two-stage study was carried out. In the first stage, the children completed the following instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), Cuestionario de Perfeccionismo Infantil-Child Perfectionism Questionnaire- and Child/adolescent Version of the Silhouette Rating Scale. They were weighed and measured by a nutritionist, accor- ding to the rules of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. In the second stage, the children at risk for ED and a control group were interviewed in order to confirm or not such risk. After the first stage, a possible risk for ED was identified in a 30.56% of children. After the second stage, the risk was confirmed in a 9.79% of the children from the total sample, with no gender differences in this variable. It was found a significant positive association between the ChEAT total scores and the total score of Perfectionism measure. Finally, it was concluded that perfectionism is a key variable associated to risk for ED in children. Key words: Eating disorders, perfectionism, children, body image, ChEAT. Resumen El presente estudio se propone evaluar riesgo de trastorno alimentario (TA) y perfeccionismo en niñas y niños escolarizados y analizar si existe asociación entre ambas variables. La muestra estuvo conformada por 337 niños (51% niñas-49% varones) de entre 9 y 13 años. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases. En la primera, los niños completaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test de Actitudes Alimentarias para Niños (ChEAT), Cuestionario de Perfeccionis- mo Infantil y Escala de Siluetas para niños y adolescentes. Fueron pesados y medidos por una nutricionista, según normas de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. En la segunda fase, los niños en riesgo de TA y un grupo control fueron entrevistados con el fin de corroborar o no dicho riesgo. Tras la primera fase se identificó un 30.56% de niños con posible riesgo de TA. Luego de la segunda fase se confirmó el riesgo en un 9.79% de los niños de la muestra total, no existiendo diferencias por sexo en esta variable. Se halló una asociación significativa positiva entre la puntuación total del ChEAT y la puntuación total en la medida de Perfeccionismo. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el perfeccionismo constituye una variable asociada al riesgo de TA en niños. Palabras clave: Trastornos alimentarios, perfeccionismo, niños, imagen corporal, ChEAT.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY Study
Authors:   TODAY Study Group, Levitt Katz Lorraine E. , White Neil H. , El ghormli Laure , Chan Christine L. , Copeland Kenneth C. , Lipman Terri H. , Marcus Marsha D. , Zeitler Philip 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Data related to diabetic neuropathy in youth with type 2 diabetes are limited. We examined the relationship of glycemic control, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and other type 2 diabetes-associated factors with the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in youth with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and a 10-g monofilament exam were performed annually. DPN was defined as a score (&gt;2) on the MNSI-exam or combined MNSI-exam and MNSI-survey scores (exam &gt;2 and/or survey ≥4), or monofilament exam (&lt;8 of 10 correct responses) at two or more consecutive visits. Multivariable time-to-event models assessed the association of risk factors evaluated longitudinally with DPN events.

RESULTS
A total of 674 participants (35% male), with a mean age of 14 years and diabetes duration &lt;2 years at study entry, were evaluated annually over an average of 10.2 years. Male subjects had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of DPN than female subjects (38.5% vs. 27.2% via MNSI-exam, P = 0.002; 14.0% vs. 5.1% via monofilament exam, P = 0.01). Rates did not differ by race/ethnicity. Higher HbA1c and BMI were associated with higher DPN, by both MNSI and the monofilament test. In multivariable models, male sex, older age, and higher BMI were associated with MNSI-exam DPN risk.

CONCLUSIONS
DPN was evident early in the course of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and increased over time. It was higher in male subjects and related to glycemic control. These findings raise concern for long-term development of neuropathy-related morbidity in youth with type 2 diabetes and the need to achieve improved glycemic control.