bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive selection affects the human ADLH2 gene expression: genetic adaptation to alcohol consumption
Authors: Schaschl Helmut , Göllner Tobias , Morris David L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ALDH2 is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that protects cells from acetaldehyde toxicity. Using iHS and FST statistics, we identified regulatory acting variants affecting ALDH2 gene expression under positive selection in populations of European ancestry. Several SNPs (rs3184504, rs4766578, rs10774625, rs597808, rs653178, rs847892, rs2013002) that function as eQTLs for ALDH2 in various tissues showed evidence of positive selection. Very large pairwise FST values indicated high genetic differentiation at these loci between populations of European ancestry and populations of other global ancestries. Estimating the timing of positive selection on the beneficial alleles suggests that these variants were recently adapted approximately 3000 to 3700 years ago. The derived beneficial alleles are in complete linkage disequilibrium with the derived ALDH2 promoter variant rs886205, which is associated with higher transcriptional activity. The SNPs rs4766578 and rs847892 are located in binding sequences for the transcription factor HNF4A, which is an important regulatory element of ALDH2 gene expression. In contrast to the missense variant ALDH2 rs671 (ALDH2*2), which is common only in East Asian populations and is associated with greatly reduced enzyme activity and alcohol intolerance, the beneficial alleles of the regulatory variants identified in this study are associated with increased expression of ALDH2. This suggests adaptation of Europeans to higher alcohol consumption.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Paraguay (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Paraguay, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Effect of longitudinal magnetic field on grain growth of hollow stud welded joint
Authors: Bai Wei , Zhang DeKu , Yin Hong yu , Wang KeHong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the defects of large diameter hollow stud welding such as arc blow and incomplete fusion,drawn arc stud welding with the longitudinal magnetic field was used to 30CrNi3MoV steel and Q235 stud. The grain growth process of joint was studied. With the assistance of longitudinal magnetic field, the arc action area on the end face of the hollow stud was increased, and the end face of stud was melted evenly. The solidification and crystallization process of molten pool was changed due to magnetic field stirring. Within a certain range, the microstructure of the joint is gradually refined and the size is homogeneous with the increase of magnetic field. But too large current can be attributed to the very coarse grain structure. Besides, the proportion of small angle grain boundary was decreased during appropriate magnetic field current, while the proportion of large angle grain boundary was increased. Meanwhile, preferred orientation of grains of the joints was changed due to the magnetic stirring.
Multi Expression Programming - an in-depth description
Authors: Oltean Mihai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Multi Expression Programming (MEP) is a Genetic Programming variant that uses a linear representation of chromosomes. MEP individuals are strings of genes encoding complex computer programs. When MEP individuals encode expressions, their representation is similar to the way in which compilers translate C or Pascal expressions into machine code. A unique MEP feature is the ability to store multiple solutions to a problem in a single chromosome. Usually, the best solution is chosen for fitness assignment. When solving symbolic regression or classification problems (or any other problems for which the training set is known before the problem is solved) MEP has the same complexity as other techniques storing a single solution in a chromosome (such as GP, CGP, GEP, or GE). Evaluation of the expressions encoded into an MEP individual can be performed by a single parsing of the chromosome. Offspring obtained by crossover and mutation is always syntactically correct MEP individuals (computer programs). Thus, no extra processing for repairing newly obtained individuals is needed.
Common Sonographic Patterns of Kidney Diseases in Nnewi North, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: OKPALEKE MICHAEL SUNDAY , ONYINYECHI AKOCHI FAVOUR 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Despite the increasing prevalence of kidney diseases in Nigeria, and the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of these diseases, there is a paucity of data on the sonographic patterns of kidney diseases peculiar to people in Nnewi North Anambra state, Nigeria.Objective: The objective of this study was to document the common sonographic patterns of kidney diseases in Nnewi-North, Anambra state, Nigeria and to correlate certain Ultrasound detectable kidney diseases of patients with age and sex.Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional retrospective design. Secondary records from files, folders were retrieved from patient’s records from the Radiography departments of Waves diagnostic center and Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching hospital both in Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 400 patients were reviewed from the health institutions between April 2020 and April 2021. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Common kidney diseases were: hydronephrosis [74(17.8%)], nephrolithiasis [69 (17.3%)], renal cyst [39(9.8)], urolithiasis [9(75%)], renal parenchyma disease grade I [27(6.8%)], renal parenchyma disease grade II [12(3.0%)], renal parenchyma disease grade III [12(3.0%)],renal parenchyma disease grade I-II [6(1.5%)], renal parenchyma disease grade II-III [1(0.3)], nephritis [6(1.5%)], ectopic kidney [3(0.8)], polycystic kidney disease[ 9(2.3%)], pyelonephritis [14(3.5%)], nephrocalcinosis [29(7.2%)]. It was found out that normal patients had the highest occurrence [81 (21.3%)], the most prevalent kidney disease was hydronephrosis [74(17.8%)] and the least prevalent was renal parenchyma disease grade II-III [1(0.3%)]. The prevalence of hydronephrosis was seen more in male patients [42 (59.2%)] than their female counterparts [29 (40.8%)]. The subjects between the ages of 37-52 years were more likely to develop hydronephrosis than other age groups and also there was no significant relationship between kidney diseases and age. It is therefore recommended that Ultrasound should be used as the first line of diagnosis in kidney pathologies and suspected flank pain, because of its availability, cheapness, improved safety profile, and level of diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion: Common sonographic patterns of kidney diseases were those of hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, and renal parenchyma diseases grade I-III predominantly among male subjects. Age and sex had no significant effect on sonographic patterns of kidney diseases.
Effect of the Utilization of Unilateral Trade Preferences on Foreign Direct Investment flows to Beneficiary Countries
Authors: GNANGNON Sèna Kimm 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article has explored the effect of non-reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs) offered by the QUAD countries to developing countries on the foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to these developing countries. The analysis has used an unbalanced panel dataset of 108 beneficiary countries of NRTPs over the period 2002-2019. By means of the two-step system GMM, it has established that low utilization rates of GSP programs are associated with greater FDI flows to less advanced beneficiary countries, including, least developed countries (LDCs). However, high utilization rates of GSP programs induces greater FDI flows to advanced beneficiary countries, including NonLDCs. In addition, low (high) utilization rates of other trade preferences generate higher FDI flows to less advanced beneficiary countries (relatively advanced countries). The analysis has also shown that GSP programs and other trade preferences are strongly complementary in enhancing FDI inflows, especially for high utilization rates of other trade preferences programs. The utilization of each of these two blocks of NRTPs induces greater FDI flows to countries that endeavour to export increasingly complex products, or those with lower dependence on natural resources. Finally, the utilization of NRTPs generates higher FDI inflows to countries that substantially liberalize their trade regimes. JEL Classification: F13; F14; F20.
The quality of life among Sudanese Patients with Epilepsy, Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Etedal Ahmed A. , Ali Lina Hussain Mustafa , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:This is the first study done in the national center for neurological sciences, Khartoum state to assess the quality of life above hundred Sudanese epileptic patients, in the period from September to December 2020.Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study, data was collected using interviewing questionnaire and this questionnaire was modified from SF-36 model.Results: Most of the patients are from the urban area (60.2%), housewives are most of them, most of the patients were single and from low socioeconomic status, the history of the disease was less than three years for most of the cases covered in this study, most type is generalized tonic clonic epilepsy, normal EEG finding in 75.7% and normal MRI brain in 78.6%, most of patients mentioned they have no attack in last month. Regarding mental health 47.6% feel sometimes depression, 75.7% associated with memory problems. Regarding physical health 51.5% feel energetic all of the time, 9.7% always associated with sleep disturbance, most of patients are not driving, neither having hobbies for leisure time. 63.1% don’t have any health problem, 32% feel stigma if attack happen in public. Commonest medication prescribed was carbamazepine and 73.8% are fully complaints with medication. 95.1% are not worried about long term medication use.Conclusion: lower level of education and manual labor associated with poor quality of life, epilepsy had bad impact on social life, there is global decrease in cognitive function, most of the patients don`t worry about side effects and duration of the medication usage
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS USUÁRIOS ATENDIDOS EM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL, ÁLCOOL E DROGAS, EM UMA CAPITAL DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Medeiros do Nascimento Filho José , De Melo Linhares Monalisa , Pereira Aragão Renara , Patrícia Daniel Amorim de Sousa Renata , De Sá Pinto Dantas Rocha Nadja 
Published: September 2021

Introdução: O uso de álcool e drogas é um problema crescente no Brasil e no mundo. Conhecer a epidemiologia dessa população nos serviços de atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas é um imperativo para melhor trata-los. Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários de um CAPS AD no Nordeste do Brasil. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo. Por meio de planilha eletrônica, foram analisados os 281 prontuários de todas as pessoas maiores de 18 anos que utilizavam o serviço. Foi empregado o teste de chi-quadrado considerando o fator de p significativo menor ou igual a 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado eticamente. Resultados: homens, média de 42,06 anos, com nível fundamental de escolaridade e casados, formavam a maior parte da amostra. Foram estatisticamente relevantes: o maior consumo de álcool nos homens (p=0,03); maior escolaridade nos usuários de cocaína (p=0,0126); maior tabagismo nos menos escolarizados (p=0,0166); prole como proteção ao uso de cocaína (p=0,0006) e cannabis (p=0,0004); não ter filhos com menos uso de álcool (p=0,0015); uso precoce de cannabis (p=0,0002) e álcool (p=0,0065). Conclusões: perfis epidemiológicos em centros especializados podem nortear políticas públicas, na perspectiva de cuidado aos usuários de drogas.
Palavras-Chave: Saúde Mental, CAPS, Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias, Epidemiologia.
MODELO LÓGICO PARA OS CICLOS DE MELHORIA DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: De Azevedo Machado Flávia Christiane , Lima Ribeiro Iramara , Alves dos Santos Camila , Henrique Vieira Melo Ricardo , Cristina Dantas da Silva Bianca , Félix Gomes Maria Wégila 
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Quando se fala em saúde pública é crucial considerar dados epidemiológicos e métodos de avaliação da assistência, com o intuito de promover melhoria. Uma maneira de propiciar isso são os modelos lógicos, associam atividades, entradas de recursos, saídas de produtos e resultados. Objetivo: Construir um modelo lógico ilustrativo do funcionamento de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família e validar o seu conteúdo. Metodologia: Foi realizada revisão de literatura, observação participante e conversa com informantes-chave. Ademais, houve validação do conteúdo por profissionais atuantes na Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) em uma roda de conversa. Resultados: Elaborou-se cinco dimensões (Gestão do Trabalho, Atividades não assistenciais, Atividades assistenciais, Educação permanente continuada e Atividades docentes assistenciais) relacionadas à missão e aos elementos de recursos (físicos, informação, parcerias e financeiros), caracterizando, assim, o modelo. Conclusões: Os impactos alcançados com a aplicação do modelo remetem a critérios de qualidade (legitimidade, empoderamento e resolutividade); ao modelo assistencial instituído (vigilância à saúde); a características do próprio modelo (Clínica ampliada, intersetorialidade, ações multiprofissionais), além da motivação profissional. Todavia, embora validado por USF específica, o modelo orienta-se por uma Política Nacional, podendo contribuir com outras realidades pertinentes à saúde.
Fe3O4@SiO2@CeO2 as a Potential Nanomagnetic Carrier for Oral
Delivery System and Release of Celecoxib
Authors: Razi Maryam Kargar , Ahmadvand Shabnam , Sadeghi Babak , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara 
Published: September 2021

Aims and objectives:
In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize, characterize, and
develop many applications of functionalized rare metal oxide nanoparticles. Herein, a new strategy
for drug delivery is developed to functionalize magnetite nanoparticles to improve their
performances in the delivery of celecoxib.

Materials and methods:
Magnetite Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the sol-gel
method. The surface of the hydroxyl groups was extended by treating with cerium nitrate salt;
finally, sodium hydroxide was anchored to the surface hydroxyl groups to produce cerium oxidefunctionalized
Fe3O4@SiO2@CeO2 magnetic nanoparticles (FSC). The synthesized sample was
characterized by FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, TGA, and XRD. Afterward, the functionalized
nanoparticles were examined in the delivery of celecoxib as an active drug model involving cerium
oxide and hydroxyl functional groups.

Results:
For this purpose, the amount of loading/release of the drug was investigated in different
amounts of nanocomposite and pH values.

Conclusion:
The results of the present investigation indicate that the formulations (mFSC=5 mg,
pH=3.3) can be considered as best among various formulations with respect to particle size,
entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro successful drug release.
An Inventory of Diagnostic Tools for Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Bhatt Akansha , Fatima Zeeshan , Ruwali Munindra , Hameed Saif 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by
SARS-COV-2 has afflicted millions of lives globally and disrupted almost all the activities
of mankind. Under such pressing circumstances when no effective therapeutics are
available, a fast and accurate diagnosis of the coronavirus is the only way out to limit the
transmission. Since the inception of COVID-19, the demand for diagnostic tests has
increased day by day and RT-PCR is the commonly used screening test that is not only
time-consuming but requires sophisticated resources. To address the increasing rate of
spread of COVID-19, there is an urgent need for more diagnostic tools as the research
on vaccines is still at a rudimentary level. This review summarizes an inventory of the
diverse and currently available diagnostic methods based on nucleic acid and serology
along with some of those working on novel principles viz. CRISPR, biosensors, and
NGS. Additionally, accessible diagnostic kits that are already approved by the US and
European authorities for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are also suggested that will help in
selecting the most effective tests under the given scenario. Taken together, this review
will pave way for further strengthening the research on the rapid and safer diagnostics of
SARS-COV-2.
Optimization of Phenolic Compound Recovery and Antioxidant Activity of Bay Leaves using Sequential and Response Surface Methodologies
Authors: Khodja Yazid Khaled , Bachir-Bey Mostapha , Ladjouzi Rachid , Khettal Bachra 
Published: September 2021

Background:The laurel is a shrub native to the Mediterranean basin. It is too often wrongly relegated to the kitchen as a simple condiment while it possesses many therapeutic properties and virtues. The valorization of this plant in terms of bioactive compounds seems to be important.Objective:The aim of the present study is to optimize total phenolic content (TPC) extraction and antioxidant activity from dried bay leaves using conventional process and response surface methodology (RSM).Method:The study of optimization firstly tested three extraction methods (maceration, ultrasonicassisted extraction (UAE), and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) then the best one was considered for RSM.Results :The results for the sequential procedure indicated that MAE was the best method for TPC extraction and antioxidant activity of Laurus nobilis leaves. The mathematical modeling of MEA using response surface methodology showed that optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction were 57% methanol with microwaves power of 602W during 3.48 minutes. These conditions allowed TPC extraction of 83.53 mg/g and manifested an antioxidant activity of 32.51 mg EAG/g.Conclusion:The validation of models indicated that experimental values were in accordance with predicted ones, demonstrating the suitability of developed models and the success of RSM in the optimization of antioxidants extraction from Laurus nobilis leaves. Therefore, the bay leaves could be considered as an interesting source of phenolic antioxidants.
Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease; Current Obstacles
and Future Hopes
Authors: El-Nakeep Sarah 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Crohn's disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease of the gastrointestinal
tract, characterized by relapsing and remitting courses. The disease is debilitating in nature with
three prominent phenotypic clinical presentations; fistulizing, stenosing, and inflammatory. Stem
cells offer new hope for CD patients by modifying the immune response and progression of the
healing process.

Aim:
This mini-review discusses the role of stem cells in treating CD, their effectiveness as a new
therapy and their current limitations.

Methods:
The author conducted a literature review on recent randomized controlled trials and cohort
studies concerned with the topic in question using the following keywords (Crohn's Disease,
perianal fistula, Stem cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cells, remission).

Results:
Clinical trials show that the stem cells are more effective in the CD-associated complex perianal
fistula than the CD enteritis. At present, there are no standardized guidelines regarding dose
of stem cells used, number of doses administered, route of administration, type of stem cells used.
Only one group of researchers proposed a standardized procedure for injecting mesenchymal stem
cells in complex perianal fistula, according to their own experience in clinical trials. Moreover,
mesenchymal stem cells and their related types (placental, adipose tissue, umbilical tissue, etc.) are
the safest and effective in clinical trials. Currently, the commercially available mesenchymal stem
cells preparation (Darvadstrocel (Cx601)) is the only one approved by The United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use in refractory CD associated complex perianal fistula.

Conclusions:
Stem cell therapy (SCT) shows promise in inducing remission in refractory Crohn's
colitis, and perianal fistula, but further research is required before SCT could be applied to clinical
practice guidelines.
A Differential Evolution Algorithm for Multi-objective Sparse Reconstruction
Authors: Qu Boyang , Zhu Xiaopei , Yan Li , Wen Pengwei , Li Zhao 
Published: September 2021

Aims:
This paper proposes a differential evolution algorithm to solve the multi-objective
sparse reconstruction problem (DEMOSR).

Background:
The traditional method is to introduce the regularization coefficient and solve this problem
through a regularization framework. But in fact, the sparse reconstruction problem can be regarded
as a multi-objective optimization problem about sparsity and measurement error (two contradictory
objectives).

Objective:
A differential evolution algorithm to solve multi-objective sparse reconstruction problem
(DEMOSR) in sparse signal reconstruction and the practical application.

Methods:
First of all, new individuals are generated through tournament selection mechanism and
differential evolution. Secondly, the iterative half thresholding algorithm is used for local search to
increase the sparsity of the solution. To increase the diversity of solutions, a polynomial mutation strategy
is introduced.

Results:
In sparse signal reconstruction, the performance of DEMOSR is better than MOEA/D-ihalf
and StEMO. In addition, it can verify the effectiveness of DEMOSR in practical applications for sparse
reconstruction of magnetic resonance images.

Conclusions:
According to the experimental results of DEMOSR in sparse signal reconstruction and the
practical application of reconstructing magnetic resonance images, it can be proved that DEMOSR is
effective in sparse signal and image reconstruction.