bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Real Challenge to Neoliberal Higher Education? Assessing the Outcomes of Ten Years of Higher Education Students' Protests in Chile
Authors: Guzmán Sebastián G. , Álvarez Vandeputte Javier 
Published: November 2021

In 2011, Chilean higher education students led the most massive protests in two decades demanding ‘public, free, and quality education’. The institutional consequences of the protests have not been properly studied until now. We assess students' institutional gains – in legislation, executive decisions, judicial decisions, and university policies – in all their demands related to neoliberal higher education. We show that the movement has had important successes, especially in financial terms, but the power of corporations remains mostly untouched. Contradicting some narratives, comparable gains occurred during both the right‐wing and centre‐left administrations, highlighting the difficulties of challenging neoliberal corporate policies.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer (RALAR study): A nationwide retrospective study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group
Authors: Degiuli Maurizio , Elmore Ugo , De Luca Raffaele , De Nardi Paola , Tomatis Mariano , Biondi Alberto , Persiani Roberto , Solaini Leonardo , Rizzo Gianluca , Soriero Domenico , Cianflocca Desiree , Milone Marco , Turri Giulia , Rega Daniela , Delrio Paolo , Pedrazzani Corrado , De Palma Giovanni D. , Borghi Felice , Scabini Stefano , Coco Claudio , Cavaliere Davide , Simone Michele , Rosati Riccardo , Reddavid Rossella ,   and collaborators from the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimAnastomotic leakage after restorative surgery for rectal cancer shows high morbidity and related mortality. Identification of risk factors could change operative planning, with indications for stoma construction. This retrospective multicentre study aims to assess the anastomotic leak rate, identify the independent risk factors and develop a clinical prediction model to calculate the probability of leakage.MethodsThe study used data from 24 Italian referral centres of the Colorectal Cancer Network of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology. Patients were classified into two groups, AL (anastomotic leak) or NoAL (no anastomotic leak). The effect of patient‐, disease‐, treatment‐ and postoperative outcome‐related factors on anastomotic leak after univariable and multivariable analysis was measured.ResultsA total of 5398 patients were included, 552 in group AL and 4846 in group NoAL. The overall incidence of leaks was 10.2%, with a mean time interval of 6.8 days. The 30‐day leak‐related mortality was 2.6%. Sex, body mass index, tumour location, type of approach, number of cartridges employed, weight loss, clinical T stage and combined multiorgan resection were identified as independent risk factors. The stoma did not reduce the leak rate but significantly decreased leak severity and reoperation rate. A nomogram with a risk score (RALAR score) was developed to predict anastomotic leak risk at the end of resection.ConclusionsWhile a defunctioning stoma did not affect the leak risk, it significantly reduced its severity. Surgeons should recognize independent risk factors for leaks at the end of rectal resection and could calculate a risk score to select high‐risk patients eligible for protective stoma construction.
Opportunities and challenges of human–python conflict intervention in local communities adjacent to Nyanga National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Kundai Ropafadzo , Kavhu Blessing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConservation of wildlife often results in the protection of endangered species, like the Southern African python (Python natalensis). However, wildlife tends to occur both in protected areas and human settlements and the latter results in human–wildlife conflict (HWC). Often when the species involved threaten human life and/or livestock, wildlife authorities react through Problem Animal Control (PAC). The successes and challenges of this practice often vary. We present opportunities and challenges in the practical interventions to minimize human–python conflict by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA) in communities adjacent to Nyanga National Park (NNP). We draw on station reports and reactions of human–python conflicts (2013–2020), our involvement with communities when human–python interactions occur, and discussions with stakeholders, extension officers, and wildlife rangers and managers responsible for coordinating PAC programs. We observed that the number of human–python conflict reports have decreased in the past 5 years. Furthermore, ZPWMA's efforts to resolve HWC through PAC reactions in concert with education and awareness, as well as collaborating with stakeholders, contributed to addressing the conflict. We propose four key action areas to strengthen intervention plans and procedures. The action areas involve (i) establishing the population and distribution structure of P. natalensis, (ii) evaluation of successes of capture and release, (iii) establishing the link between python age and involvement in human–python conflicts, and (iv) assessing community perceptions towards human–python conflict reports and interventions by the ZPWMA.
History, demography and genetic status of Balkan and Caucasian Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) populations revealed by genome‐wide variation
Authors: Bazzicalupo Enrico , Lucena‐Perez Maria , Kleinman‐Ruiz Daniel , Pavlov Aleksandar , Trajçe Aleksandër , Hoxha Bledi , Sanaja Bardh , Gurielidze Zurab , Kerdikoshvili Niko , Mamuchadze Jimsher , Yarovenko Yuriy A. , Akkiev Muzigit I. , Ratkiewicz Mirosław , Saveljev Alexander P. , Melovski Dime , Gavashelishvili Alexander , Schmidt Krzysztof , Godoy José A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimGenome‐wide genetic data can provide key input for both taxonomy and conservation, but its use in this context remains limited. In this study, we performed the first genome‐wide assessment of genetic variation in two populations of the Eurasian lynx, the Balkan population, the most threatened, and the Caucasian population, a possible glacial refugium, with the aim to place them in the context of the species, investigate their demographic history and evaluate their genetic status.LocationThe Balkans and the Caucasus.MethodsWe obtained whole genome resequencing data from seven Balkan and 12 Caucasian lynx, and analysed them along with novel and existing data from other populations. Based on a total 105 whole genome and 114 mitogenome sequences, we reconstructed phylogenetic and historical relationships, ancient and recent demography, and patterns of genetic diversity and inbreeding.ResultsBoth the Balkan and the Caucasian lynx appear as distinct mitochondrial lineages that diverged from the rest of the Eurasian lynx lineages ca. 92.6 kya, and from each other ca. 46.4 kya. Autosomal data suggest, however, that the Balkan lynx is closely related with the Carpathian population, and revealing alarmingly low genetic diversity and high inbreeding. In contrast, the Caucasian lynx shows a longer history of relative isolation from the rest of lynx populations and high genetic diversity, consistent with its large long‐term effective population size.Main conclusionsThe taxonomic status of the Balkan lynx remains unresolved due to the evidence of long‐term isolation in the mitogenome, contrasting with extensive autosomal admixture and intense recent genetic drift in the nuclear genome. Our results alert on genetic risks and call for the consideration of genetic rescue from closely related Carpathian lynxes. In contrast, substantial mitogenomic and autosomal divergence with no signs of genetic drift supports the identification of the Caucasian lynx as a separate subspecies with good genetic health.
Beyond complete endoscopic healing: Goblet appearance using an endocytoscope to predict future sustained clinical remission in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Takishima Kazumi , Maeda Yasuharu , Ogata Noriyuki , Misawa Masashi , Mori Yuichi , Homma Mayumi , Nemoto Tetsuo , Miyata Yuki , Akimoto Yoshika , Mochida Kentaro , Takashina Yuki , Tanaka Kenta , Ichimasa Katsuro , Nakamura Hiroki , Sasanuma Seiko , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Wakamura Kunihiko , Miyachi Hideyuki , Baba Toshiyuki , Ishida Fumio , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Kudo Shin‐ei 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesComplete endoscopic healing, defined as Mayo endoscopic score (MES) = 0, is an optimal target in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, some patients with MES = 0 show clinical relapse within 12 months. Histologic goblet mucin depletion has emerged as a predictor of clinical relapse in patients with MES = 0. We observed goblet depletion in vivo using an endocytoscope, and analyzed the association between goblet appearance and future prognosis in UC patients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all enrolled UC patients had MES = 0 and confirmed clinical remission between October 2016 and March 2020. We classified the patients into two groups according to the goblet appearance status: preserved‐goblet and depleted‐goblet groups. We followed the patients until March 2021 and evaluated the difference in cumulative clinical relapse rates between the two groups.ResultsWe identified 125 patients with MES = 0 as the study subjects. Five patients were subsequently excluded. Thus, we analyzed the data for 120 patients, of whom 39 were classified as the preserved‐goblet group and 81 as the depleted‐goblet group. The patients were followed‐up for a median of 549 days. During follow‐up, the depleted‐goblet group had a significantly higher cumulative clinical relapse rate than the preserved‐goblet group (19% [15/81] vs. 5% [2/39], respectively; P = 0.02).ConclusionsObserving goblet appearance in vivo allowed us to better predict the future prognosis of UC patients with MES = 0. This approach may assist clinicians with onsite decision‐making regarding treatment interventions without a biopsy.
Efficient visual screening of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Hiraga Hirokuni , Ishita Yuuki , Chihara Takahiro , Okumura Misako 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been applied to a wide variety of organisms, including nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. In these nematodes, genome editing is achieved by microinjection of Cas9 protein and guide RNA into the hermaphrodite gonads. However, P. pacificus is less efficient in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and exogenous gene expression. Therefore, it takes considerable time and effort to screen for target mutants if there are no visual markers that indicate successful injection. To overcome this problem, co‐injection markers (gRNA for Ppa‐prl‐1, which induces the roller phenotype, and Ppa‐egl‐20p::turboRFP, a plasmid expressing a fluorescent protein) have been developed in P. pacificus. By selecting worms with the roller phenotype or turboRFP expression, screening efficiency is substantially increased to obtain worms with desired mutations. Here, we describe a step‐by‐step protocol for the visual screening system for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in P. pacificus. We also describe technical tips for microinjection, which is difficult for beginners. This protocol will facilitate genome editing in P. pacificus and may be applied to other nematode species.
Using Classification Tree Models to Determine Course Placement
Authors: Lee Chansoon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAppropriate placement into courses at postsecondary institutions is critical for the success of students in terms of retention and graduation rates. To reduce the number of students who are misplaced, using multiple measures in placing students is encouraged. However, in practice most postsecondary schools utilize only a few measures to determine course placement. One of the reasons is the lack of research on methodologies that can be used to develop and establish appropriate cutoff scores using multiple measures. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the classification tree model is a useful alternative approach to the multiple logistic regression model for placement into college courses. For comparison, this research examined the approaches' effectiveness and predictive accuracy for College Algebra. Data were obtained from two medium‐sized four year, midwestern institutions. Using two well‐known tree models, important measures and their cutoff scores for College Algebra were determined. The findings of this study showed that tree models were an effective alternative approach. Tree models also performed better than, or as well as, the multiple logistic regression model in predictive accuracy.
Age‐ and sex‐specific pediatric reference intervals for neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Moosmann Julia , Krusemark Anja , Dittrich Sven , Ammer Tatjana , Rauh Manfred , Woelfle Joachim , Metzler Markus , Zierk Jakob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) are emerging biomarkers for systemic inflammation and have been shown to predict morbidity and mortality for several diseases. However, lack of pediatric reference intervals (RIs) prevents their comprehensive use in patient care and medical research.Material and MethodsWe calculated reference intervals and corresponding confidence intervals for NLR, PLR, and LMR from birth to 18 years using a data‐mining approach: We analyzed 232 746 blood counts from 60 685 patients performed during patient care and excluded patients with elevated C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin. Test results were separated according to age and sex, and the distribution of physiological ratios was estimated using an indirect approach (refineR). Additionally, we investigated the ratios’ diagnostic benefit for different inflammatory diseases (acute appendicitis, asthma, Bell's palsy, Henoch‐Schonlein purpura, and cystic fibrosis) using the newly obtained reference intervals.ResultsWe estimated age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals from birth to adulthood for NLR, PLR, and LMR. Analyses in pediatric inflammatory diseases showed that PLR and LMR were poor markers to detect the examined inflammatory diseases, while NLR was significantly increased in patients with appendicitis and asthma.ConclusionWe provide pediatric reference intervals for NLR, PLR, and LMR to improve the interpretation of these biomarkers in children.
‘As in a Mirror’: Jonathan Edwards, Self‐Love and Enlarging to Receive Another
Authors: Strobel Kyle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThrough a robust deployment of visual metaphors, Jonathan Edwards’s theology utilizes notions of vision to articulate his doctrine of God, creation, anthropology, redemption and ultimately glorification. Focusing on anthropology, this article attends to how human beings are constituted through sight, and reconstituted (i.e. regenerated) as they are contemplated in the Son and as they are given a vision of the Father in the Son by the Spirit of illumination. Put differently, Edwards’s anthropology is ordered around its teleology of becoming like God only if one can ‘see him as he is’ (1 Jn 3:2), which is anticipated by faith in this present age and ‘through a mirror dimly’ (1 Jn 13:12). After mooring his anthropology to broader theological concerns, the article narrows to consider how Edwards’s idiosyncratic personalism is developed around the notion of a ‘reflective self’ that can enlarge to internalize an ‘other’. Clarifying this notion is a brief comparison of a similar construction in Thomas Aquinas, showing how Edwards’s theory of loving neighbor as oneself is a unique contribution to questions concerning personhood, self‐love and neighbor‐love.
Emerging roles for endogenous retroviruses in immune epigenetic regulation*
Authors: Buttler Carmen A. , Chuong Edward B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant progress toward understanding the transcriptional networks underlying mammalian immune responses, fueled by advances in regulatory genomic technologies. Epigenomic studies profiling immune cells have generated detailed genome‐wide maps of regulatory elements that will be key to deciphering the regulatory networks underlying cellular immune responses and autoimmune disorders. Unbiased analyses of these genomic maps have uncovered endogenous retroviruses as an unexpected ally in the regulation of human immune systems. Despite their parasitic origins, studies are finding an increasing number of examples of retroviral sequences having been co‐opted for beneficial immune function and regulation by the host cell. Here, we review how endogenous retroviruses have given rise to numerous regulatory elements that shape the epigenetic landscape of host immune responses. We will discuss the implications of these elements on the function, dysfunction, and evolution of innate immunity.
COVID‐19 and hedge fund equity ownership
Authors: Samarbakhsh Laleh , Singh Amanjot 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates hedge funds equity ownership in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using the merged dataset of Lipper TASS hedge funds and the corresponding 13F filings, we find that with the start of the pandemic, hedge funds increased their equity ownership toward firms with less financial constraints, such as larger firms, firms with lower leverage, and more profitability. Moreover, hedge funds increased their ownership in firms which had higher overall risk (political and non‐political), and lower overall sentiment. Hedge funds also care about firms' exposure/sensitivity toward different political issues such as health care, technology & infrastructure, and security & defense. This suggests that hedge funds seek equity ownership in riskier stocks as a result of pandemic uncertainties.
Is the stereotype of welfare recipients associated with type of welfare state regime? A cross‐national meta‐regression of the stereotype content model
Authors: Schofield Timothy P. , Suomi Aino , Butterworth Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe association of societal‐level structural factors with stereotypes and stigma can be examined using the stereotype content model (SCM). The main aim of the current study was to review and synthesize all available research data of SCM dimensions of Warmth and Competence perceptions of welfare recipients, and compare the ratings in different types of social welfare regimes (Nordic, Conservative, and Liberal). To do this, we reviewed all published literature using the SCM methodology to assess stereotypes of welfare recipients and perfomed a cross‐national meta‐regression of 17 datasets (total N = 1797) drawn from six countries representing three types of welfare regimes. In each of the studies, participants were asked how others in their country viewed welfare recipients on the dimensions of warmth and competence. We predicted and found support for the hypothesis that countries with a Nordic welfare regime have a warmer cultural stereotype of welfare recipients than countries with a Liberal or Conservative regime. However, the expected association between Liberal welfare regime and incompetence stereotypes was not found. Supplementary analyses showed that the type of welfare regime better explained country differences in welfare stereotypes than country differences in income inequality. This study demonstrates how stereotypes of warmth and competence vary across welfare regimes, adding to knowledge about how societal‐level factors are related to cultural stereotypes.
Convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves: Kinetics characteristics and modeling, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and principal component analysis
Authors: Mouhoubi Khokha , Boulekbache‐Makhlouf Lila , Mehaba Wafa , Himed‐Idir Hayat , Madani Khodir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, coriander leaves were subjected to two different drying techniques: convective (40, 80, and 120°C) and microwave (100, 500, and 1,000 W). The effects of both processes on the kinetic parameters variation, modeling, and phytochemical quality were studied. Kinetic parameters variation showed that time reduction (2.53 min), high drying rate (3.08 kg water/kg dm min), and high diffusivity (1.21 × 10−10 m2/s) were obtained during microwave drying. For energy consumption, an opposite trend was observed between the variation in the specific electrical energy consumption (SECe), which is significant during convective drying (208.33 × 10+07 MJ/kg H2O), and the energy efficiency (EE), which is obtained during microwave one (12.16 × 10−03%). The kinetic data modeling done on 23 empirical models allowed us to choose the Sledz model as the best describing the drying kinetics of coriander since it presented better predictive performances with .9947 < adjusted R2 < .9995, 0.0001 < χ2 < 0.0005, and 0.0070 < RMSE<0.0228 values. In relation to the bioactive compounds, the highest values of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities (ABTs and DPPH) were observed during microwave drying with 0.37 mg GAE/mL, 83.33, and 71.94%, respectively. Correlations between kinetic parameters, energy consumption as well as phytochemical quality were established using principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, the innovative microwave process proved to be the best method for drying coriander leaves.Practical applicationsThe evolution of technological conservation processes has led to the development of a wide range of modern drying processes. The success of these processes can be explained by the many advantages attributed to them: shorter drying times, high drying rate, high energy efficiency, and product quality. The most difficult is the appropriate choice of a drying method with highly energy efficient and consumes less energy while maintaining the best quality. Fresh coriander leaves are widely used to flavor foods. However, they are highly perishable and require immediate processing or preservation. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare two drying processes, convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves based on kinetic data, modeling, calculation of moisture diffusivity and energy consumption, as well as evaluation of the dried powders quality. The results obtained will be useful for the technological design of convective or microwave drying for coriander leaves preservation.
Psychedelic‐inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Saeger Hannah N. , Olson David E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPsychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5‐HT2A receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.
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