bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric List Sizes in Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Alon Noga , Cambie Stijn , Kang Ross J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven a bipartite graph with parts A and B having maximum degrees at most $$\Delta _A$$

Δ
A

and $$\Delta _B$$

Δ
B

, respectively, consider a list assignment such that every vertex in A or B is given a list of colours of size $$k_A$$

k
A

or $$k_B$$

k
B

, respectively. We prove some general sufficient conditions in terms of $$\Delta _A$$

Δ
A

, $$\Delta _B$$

Δ
B

, $$k_A$$

k
A

, $$k_B$$

k
B

to be guaranteed a proper colouring such that each vertex is coloured using only a colour from its list. These are asymptotically nearly sharp in the very asymmetric cases. We establish one sufficient condition in particular, where $$\Delta _A=\Delta _B=\Delta $$

Δ
A

=

Δ
B

=
Δ

, $$k_A=\log \Delta $$

k
A

=
log
Δ

and $$k_B=(1+o(1))\Delta /\log \Delta $$

k
B

=

(
1
+
o

(
1
)

)

Δ
/
log
Δ

as $$\Delta \rightarrow \infty $$

Δ
→
∞

. This amounts to partial progress towards a conjecture from 1998 of Krivelevich and the first author. We also derive some necessary conditions through an intriguing connection between the complete case and the extremal size of approximate Steiner systems. We show that for complete bipartite graphs these conditions are asymptotically nearly sharp in a large part of the parameter space. This has provoked the following. In the setup above, we conjecture that a proper list colouring is always guaranteed

if $$k_A \ge \Delta _A^\varepsilon $$

k
A

≥

Δ
A
ε

and $$k_B \ge \Delta _B^\varepsilon $$

k
B

≥

Δ
B
ε

for any $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

provided $$\Delta _A$$

Δ
A

and $$\Delta _B$$

Δ
B

are large enough;

if $$k_A \ge C \log \Delta _B$$

k
A

≥
C
log

Δ
B

and $$k_B \ge C \log \Delta _A$$

k
B

≥
C
log

Δ
A

for some absolute constant $$C>1$$

C
>
1

; or

if $$\Delta _A=\Delta _B = \Delta $$

Δ
A

=

Δ
B

=
Δ

and $$ k_B \ge C (\Delta /\log \Delta )^{1/k_A}\log \Delta $$

k
B

≥
C

(
Δ
/
log
Δ
)

1
/

k
A

log
Δ

for some absolute constant $$C>0$$

C
>
0

.

These are asymmetric generalisations of the above-mentioned conjecture of Krivelevich and the first author, and if true are close to best possible. Our general sufficient conditions provide partial progress towards these conjectures.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy of lymph node metastases under MR-guidance: First clinical results and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Weykamp Fabian , Herder-Wagner Charlotte , Regnery Sebastian , Hoegen Philipp , Renkamp C. Katharina , Liermann Jakob , Rippke Carolin , Koerber Stefan A. , König Laila , Buchele Carolin , Klüter Sebastian , Debus Jürgen , Hörner-Rieber Juliane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a noninvasive treatment option for lymph node metastases (LNM). Magnetic resonance (MR)-guidance offers superior tissue contrast and enables treatment of targets in close vicinity to radiosensitive organs at risk (OAR). However, literature on MR-guided SBRT of LNM is scarce with no report on outcome parameters.

Materials and methods
We report a subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study comprising patients with LNM. Patients received MR-guided SBRT at our MRIdian Linac (ViewRay Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) between January 2019 and February 2020. Local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method with log rank test to test for significance (p < 0.05). Our patient-reported outcome questionnaire was utilized to evaluate patients’ perspective. The CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) v. 5.0 was used to describe toxicity.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (72.4% with prostate cancer; 51.7% with no distant metastases) received MR-guided SBRT for in total 39 LNM. Median dose was 27 Gy in three fractions, prescribed to the 80% isodose. At 1‑year, estimated LC, PFS and OS were 92.6, 67.4 and 100.0%. Compared to baseline, six patients (20.7%) developed new grade I toxicities (mainly fatigue). One grade II toxicity occurred (fatigue), with no adverse event grade ≥III. Overall treatment experience was rated particularly positive, while the technically required low room temperature still represents the greatest obstacle in the pursuit of the ideal patient acceptance.

Conclusion
MR-guided SBRT of LNM was demonstrated to be a well-accepted treatment modality with excellent preliminary results. Future studies should evaluate the clinical superiority to conventional SBRT.
Immunohistochemical Inflammation in Histologically Normal Appendices in Patients with Right Iliac Fossa Pain
Authors: Psaltis Emmanouil , Zaitoun Abed M. , Neal Keith R. , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistologically normal appendices resected for right iliac fossa pain in children demonstrate immunohistochemical markers of inflammation. We aimed to establish if subclinical inflammation was present in histologically normal appendices resected from adults with right iliac fossa pain.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded appendices for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐2R and serotonin in four groups: Group I (n = 120): uncomplicated appendicitis, Group II (n = 118): complicated appendicitis (perforation or gangrene), Group III (n = 104): histologically normal appendices resected for right iliac fossa pain and Group IV (n = 106) appendices resected at elective colectomy. Expression was quantified using the H‐scoring system.ResultsMedian, interquartile range expression of TNF‐α was increased in Groups I (5.9, 3.1–9.8), II (6.8, 3.6–12.1) and III (9.8, 6.2–15.2) when compared with Group IV (3.0, 1.4–4.7, p < 0.01). Epithelial expression of IL‐6 in Groups II (44.0, 8.0–97.0) and III (71.0, 18.5–130.0) was increased when compared with Group IV (9.5, 1.0–60.2, p < 0.01). Expression of mucosal IL‐2R in Groups I (47.4, 34.8–69.0), II (37.8, 25.4–60.4) and III (18.4, 10.1–34.7) was increased when compared with Group IV (2.8, 1.2–5.7, p < 0.01). Serotonin content in Groups I (3.0, 0–30.0) and II (0, 0–8.5) was decreased when compared with Groups III (49.7, 16.7–107.5) and IV (43.5, 9.5–115.8, p < 0.01).ConclusionHistologically normal appendices resected from symptomatic patients exhibited increased proinflammatory cytokine expression on immunohistochemistry suggesting the presence of an inflammatory process not detected on conventional microscopy.
Dietary and supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as moderators of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wood Amy H. R. , Chappell Helen F. , Zulyniak Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is an ever-growing body of literature examining the relationship between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and cerebral structure and function throughout life. In light of this, the use of ω3 PUFAs, namely, long-chain (LC) ω3 PUFAs (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate cognitive impairment, and progression to Alzheimer’s disease is an attractive prospect. This review aims to summarise evidence reported by observational studies and clinical trials that investigated the role of LC ω3 PUFAs against cognition impairment and future risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods
Studies were identified in PubMed and Scopus using the search terms “omega-3 fatty acids”, “Alzheimer’s disease” and “cognition”, along with common variants. Inclusion criteria included observational or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with all participants aged ≥ 50 years that reported on the association between LC ω3 PUFAs and cognitive function or biological markers indicative of cognitive function linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

Results
Evidence from 33 studies suggests that dietary and supplemental LC ω3 PUFAs have a protective effect against cognitive impairment. Synaptic plasticity, neuronal membrane fluidity, neuroinflammation, and changes in expression of genes linked to cognitive decline have been identified as potential targets of LC ω3 PUFAs. The protective effects LC ω3 PUFAs on cognitive function and reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease were supported by both observational studies and RCTs, with RCTs suggesting a more pronounced effect in individuals with early and mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusion
The findings of this review suggest that individuals consuming higher amounts of LC ω3 PUFAs are less likely to develop cognitive impairment and that, as a preventative strategy against Alzheimer’s disease, it is most effective when dietary LC ω3 PUFAs are consumed prior to or in the early stages of cognitive decline.
Hypersensitivity relief of MIH-affected molars using two sealing techniques: a 12-week follow-up
Authors: Bekes Katrin , Amend Stefanie , Priller Julia , Zamek Claudia , Stamm Tanja , Krämer Norbert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in reducing hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH)-affected molars immediately and over 12 weeks after sealing using two different materials (composite and glass ionomer). Furthermore, the retention rates of both materials were analyzed.MethodsThirty-nine children with two MIH-affected molars showing hypersensitivity and non-occlusal breakdowns were included. Hypersensitivity was assessed with an evaporative (air) stimulus. Both teeth were sealed by two calibrated operators using a split-mouth design with either Clinpro Sealant in combination with Scotchbond Universal (C) or Ketac Universal (K), respectively. Clinical pain assessments (Schiff Score Air Sensitivity Scale [SCASS], Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) were made at baseline (“pre”), immediately after treatment (“post”), and after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Pairedttests were calculated in each group between baseline and all other time points.ResultsThirty-eight children with 76 molars completed all stages of the study. Regardless of the material used, the application of the sealant decreased hypersensitivity significantly immediately as well as throughout the 12-week recalls (allpvalues < 0.001). We found no statistically significant difference among both materials chosen in any of the time points evaluated. Furthermore, retention of both materials was comparable in both groups.ConclusionsBoth sealant materials were able to reduce hypersensitivity successfully immediately and throughout the 12-week follow-up. Furthermore, their performance was similar in terms of retention.Clinical relevanceHypersensitivity can be a major complaint in patients with MIH. This is the first study evaluating hypersensitivity relief of MIH-affected molars using two sealing techniques.
Four-dimensional Einstein manifolds with Heisenberg symmetry
Authors: Cortés V. , Saha A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe classify Einstein metrics on $$\mathbb {R}^4$$

R

4

invariant under a four-dimensional group of isometries including a principal action of the Heisenberg group. We consider metrics which are either Ricci-flat or of negative Ricci curvature. We show that all of the Ricci-flat metrics, including the simplest ones which are hyper-Kähler, are incomplete. By contrast, those of negative Ricci curvature contain precisely two complete examples: the complex hyperbolic metric and a metric of cohomogeneity one known as the one-loop deformed universal hypermultiplet.
The Effectiveness of Psychological Therapies for Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baker Holly J. , Lawrence Peter J. , Karalus Jessica , Creswell Cathy , Waite Polly 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnxiety disorders are common in adolescence but outcomes for adolescents are unclear and we do not know what factors moderate treatment outcome for this age group. We conducted meta-analyses to establish the effectiveness of psychological therapies for adolescent anxiety disorders in (i) reducing anxiety disorder symptoms, and (ii) remission from the primary anxiety disorder, compared with controls, and examine potential moderators of treatment effects. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018091744). Electronic databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, Psycinfo, EMBASE) were searched from January 1990 to December 2019. 2511 articles were reviewed, those meeting strict criteria were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. Analyses of symptom severity outcomes comprised sixteen studies (CBT k = 15, non-CBT k = 1;n = 766 adolescents), and analyses of diagnostic remission outcomes comprised nine (CBT k = 9;n = 563 adolescents). Post-treatment, those receiving treatment were significantly more likely to experience reduced symptom severity (SMD = 0.454, 95% CI 0.22–0.69) and remission from the primary anxiety disorder than controls (RR = 7.94, 95% CI 3.19–12.7) (36% treatment vs. 9% controls in remission). None of the moderators analysed were statistically significant. Psychological therapies targeting anxiety disorders in adolescents are more effective than controls. However, with only just over a third in remission post-treatment, there is a clear need to develop more effective treatments for adolescents, evaluated through high-quality randomised controlled trials incorporating active controls and follow-up data.
A zeroth order method for stochastic weakly convex optimization
Authors: Kungurtsev V. , Rinaldi F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider stochastic weakly convex optimization problems, however without the existence of a stochastic subgradient oracle. We present a derivative free algorithm that uses a two point approximation for computing a gradient estimate of the smoothed function. We prove convergence at a similar rate as state of the art methods, however with a larger constant, and report some numerical results showing the effectiveness of the approach.
Global pedigree and national imperative: Hong Kong universities’ response to China’s grand strategies
Authors: Lo William Yat Wai , Lee Jack T. , Abdrasheva Dana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiterature offers a theoretical framework exemplifying the inherent tensions between “becoming Chinese” and “remaining global” in the evolution of the international status of Hong Kong. Adopting this framework, this paper examines the global position of Hong Kong’s higher education through an investigation of universities’ participation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Greater Bay Area development plan. Specifically, drawing on data from interviews about universities’ engagement with the two Chinese grand strategies, the paper discusses university leaders and academics’ experience and perception of Hong Kong’s global status against a policy context that foregrounds a deeper integration with the Chinese national development. This discussion offers a theoretical dialogue that reveals different but overlapping scenarios for the future of Hong Kong’s higher education and sheds light on the link between the changing geopolitical contexts and international higher education.
Parental Experiences with Early Identification and Initial Care for their Child with Autism: Tailored Improvement Strategies
Authors: Snijder Michelle I. J. , Langerak Ilse P. C. , Kaijadoe Shireen P. T. , Buruma Marrit E. , Verschuur Rianne , Dietz Claudine , Buitelaar Jan K. , Oosterling Iris J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhereas it is well documented how parents experience the diagnostic process of their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), less is known about parental experiences with the course of the early identification process and first steps in receiving care for their child with ASD symptoms. This mixed-method study investigated these experiences as well as barriers and improvement strategies regarding early detection in the Netherlands. A parental survey (N = 45) showed that, on average, initial concerns started at 22 months. A focus group (N = 10) revealed multiple barriers and proposed strategies of improvement in three domains: “Knowledge and Expertise”, “Attention to Parental Needs” and “System and Organization”. Strategies to improve early identification will be discussed based on parental perspectives and professional perspectives.
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Variability of Bone Collagen to Determine the Number of Isotopically Distinct Specimens
Authors: Hyland Corrie , Scott Michael B. , Routledge Jennifer , Szpak Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArchaeological and palaeontological excavations frequently produce large quantities of highly fragmentary bone. These bones can help to answer questions regarding past environments and human and animal lifeways via a number of analytical techniques but this potential is limited by the inability to distinguish individual animals and generate sufficiently large samples. Using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone collagen (δ13C, δ15N), we present a metric to identify the number of isotopically distinct specimens (NIDS) from highly fragmented faunal assemblages. We quantified the amount of intra-individual isotopic variation by generating isotopic data from multiple elements from individual animals representing a wide variety of taxa as well as multiple samples from the same skeletal element. The mean intra-individual variation (inter-bone) was 0.52‰ (σ = 0.45) (Euclidean distance between two points in isotopic bivariate space), while the mean intra-bone variation was 0.63‰ (σ = 0.06). Using archaeological data consisting of large numbers of individual taxa from single sites, the mean inter-individual isotopic variation was 1.45‰ (σ = 1.15). We suggest the use of 1.50‰ in bivariate (δ13C, δ15N) space as a metric to distinguish NIDS. Blind tests of modelled archaeological datasets of different size and isotopic variability resulted in a rate of misclassification (two or more elements from the same individual being classified as coming from different individuals) of < 5%.
Predictors of physical activity behavior change based on the current stage of change—an analysis of young people from Hawai’i
Authors: Engels Eliane S. , Nigg Claudio R. , Reimers Anne K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the corresponding change between psycho-social predictors and physical activity (PA) behavior and if these relationships were dependent on the stages of change from the Transtheoretical Model in Minority American adolescents. We conducted a longitudinal field study with N = 357 students aged 13–18 years (M = 14.24 years, SD = 0.88); predominantly Filipino (61.2%) using a test–retest design assessing psycho-social PA predictors (enjoyment, self-efficacy, family support, friends’ support, knowledge, stage of change) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at two time points over six months. Hierarchical regression results indicated that a positive change of enjoyment, knowledge about PA and family support predicted a change of MVPA, independently of stage. The time-varying covariation showed the importance of the current stage of change for enjoyment, self-efficacy and support of friends for a change of MVPA. Overall, our findings suggest that an individual’s current stage of change should be considered to determine individually appropriate starting points and goals for designing interventions to promote PA among Minority American adolescents.
Fast Parallel Solver for the Space-time IgA-DG Discretization of the Diffusion Equation
Authors: Benedusi Pietro , Ferrari Paola , Garoni Carlo , Krause Rolf , Serra-Capizzano Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider the space-time discretization of the diffusion equation, using an isogeometric analysis (IgA) approximation in space and a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximation in time. Drawing inspiration from a former spectral analysis, we propose for the resulting space-time linear system a multigrid preconditioned GMRES method, which combines a preconditioned GMRES with a standard multigrid acting only in space. The performance of the proposed solver is illustrated through numerical experiments, which show its competitiveness in terms of iteration count, run-time and parallel scaling.
Verification of two hydrological models for real-time flood forecasting in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region
Authors: Tsering Karma , Shrestha Manish , Shakya Kiran , Bajracharya Birendra , Matin Mir , Lozano Jorge Luis Sanchez , Nelson Jim , Wangchuk Tandin , Parajuli Binod , Bhuyan Md Arifuzzaman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Hindu Kush Himalayan region is extremely susceptible to periodic monsoon floods. Early warning systems with the ability to predict floods in advance can benefit tens of millions of people living in the region. Two web-based flood forecasting tools (ECMWF-SPT and HIWAT-SPT) are therefore developed and deployed jointly by SERVIR-HKH and NASA-AST to provide early warning to Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. ECMWF-SPT provides ensemble forecast up to 15-day lead time, whereas HIWAT-SPT provides deterministic forecast up to 3-day lead time covering almost 100% of the rivers. Hydrological models in conjunction with forecast validation contribute not only to advancing the processes of a forecasting system, but also objectively assess the joint distribution of forecasts and observations in quantifying forecast accuracy. The validation of forecast products has emerged as a priority need to evaluate the worth of the predictive information in terms of quality and consistency. This paper describes the effort made in developing the hydrological forecast systems, the current state of the flood forecast services, and the performance of the forecast evaluation. Both tools are validated using a selection of appropriate metrics in measurement in both probabilistic and deterministic space. The numerical metrics are further complemented by graphical representations of scores and probabilities. It was found that the models had a good performance in capturing high flood events. The evaluation across multiple locations indicates that the model performance and forecast goodness are variable on spatiotemporal scale. The resulting information is used to support good decision-making in risk and resource management.
Predictors and outcomes of behavioral engagement in the context of text comprehension: when quantity means quality
Authors: Bråten Ivar , Latini Natalia , Haverkamp Ymkje E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing a path analytic approach with a sample of Norwegian undergraduate readers, we investigated the effects of behavioral engagement on text comprehension as reflected in students’ post-reading written reports on the topic in question. Results indicated that the behavioral engagement components of writing time and the length of the written responses had distinctive, unique effects on comprehension performance, and that behavioral engagement also mediated the effects of cognitive (prior knowledge, working memory) and motivational (intrinsic reading motivation) individual differences on comprehension performance. Prior knowledge about the topic affected comprehension performance directly as well as indirectly through behavioral engagement. The results highlight the importance of behavioral engagement in the context of written comprehension assessment, and both theoretical and educational implications of these results are discussed.