bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling pathway (sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptor, sphingosine kinase) and epilepsy
Authors: Wang Lin , Kong Qingxia , Leng Xinyi , Leung Howan , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the common chronic neurological diseases, affecting more than 70 million people worldwide. The brains of people with epilepsy exhibit a pathological and persistent propensity for recurrent seizures. Epilepsy often coexists with cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, depression, etc., which seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Although our understanding of epilepsy has advanced, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to epileptogenesis, drug resistance, and associated comorbidities remain largely unknown. The use of newer antiepileptic drugs has increased, but this has not improved overall outcomes. We need to deeply study the pathogenesis of epilepsy and find drugs that can not only prevent the epileptogenesis and interfere with the process of epileptogenesis but also treat epilepsy comorbidities. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an important lipid molecule. It not only forms the basis of cell membranes but is also an important bioactive mediator. It can not only act as a second messenger in cells to activate downstream signaling pathways but can also exert biological effects by being secreted outside cells and binding to S1P receptors on the cell membrane. Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first S1P receptor modulator developed and approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. More and more studies have proven that the S1P signaling pathway is closely related to epilepsy, drug‐resistant epilepsy, epilepsy comorbidities, or other epilepsy‐causing diseases. However, there is much controversy over the role of certain natural molecules in the pathway and receptor modulators (such as FTY720) in epilepsy. Here, we summarize and analyze the role of the S1P signaling pathway in epilepsy, provide a basis for finding potential therapeutic targets and/or epileptogenic biomarkers, analyze the reasons for these controversies, and put forward our opinions.Plain Language SummaryThis article combines the latest research literature at home and abroad to review the sphingosine 1‐phosphate signaling pathway and epileptogenesis, drug‐resistant epilepsy, epilepsy comorbidities, other diseases that can cause epilepsy, as well as the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling pathway regulators and epilepsy, with the expectation of providing a certain theoretical basis for finding potential epilepsy treatment targets and/or epileptogenic biomarkers in the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling pathway.
Management and outcomes among older adults with generalized epilepsy in routine clinical practice
Authors: Byrnes MarieElena , Alzahrany Majed , Punia Vineet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGeneralized epilepsy is classically thought of as a disease of the young and adolescent, with rarely reported cases among older adults. We aimed to analyze management and outcomes in a population sparsely described in the literature through a retrospective single‐center cohort design. After excluding individuals without follow‐up, we identified 151 people ≥50 years at the time of electrographically confirmed generalized epilepsy. Just over a quarter were late‐onset (≥26 years), and 77% were diagnosed with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Active seizures (in the last year of follow‐up) were present in 57% of individuals, despite most of them having experienced prolonged seizure remission periods (median 7 years) in the past. Only five people were off antiseizure medication (ASM) at their last appointment, with most on an average of 2 ASMs. The odds of active epilepsy at the last follow‐up were significantly higher among those with polyspikes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–6.01), myoclonic seizure history (OR = 2.88, 1.23–6.96), and developmental delay (OR = 4.75, 1.45–19.3). The odds were 60% lower in older adults with family history (OR = 0.4, 0.17–5.68). Our findings suggest that most older adults with generalized epilepsy achieve years of seizure remission, but the likelihood of epilepsy resolution is low.Plain Language SummaryGeneralized epilepsy is seldom seen in older adults. We looked at 151 patients diagnosed with generalized epilepsy over the age of 50 to see how they are managed and what influences their outcomes. We found that although these patients can control their seizures with medication, the chance that their epilepsy resolves is low. Patients with certain characteristics classically seen in an epilepsy called “Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy” (JME) may have a more intractable course.
Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Steel Frames with External BRBs: Pseudo‐Dynamic Hybrid Testing and Numerical Parametric Analysis
Authors: Freddi Fabio , Wu Jing‐Ren , Cicia Massimo , Di Sarno Luigi , D'Aniello Mario , Gutiérrez‐Urzúa Fernando , Landolfo Raffaele , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Bousias Stathis , Park Jamin , Stathas Nikolaos , Strepelias Elias 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) is an effective strategy for improving the seismic performance of existing structures. BRBs can be included within existing frames, creating an additional load path and contributing to their strength, stiffness, ductility, and, in turn, energy dissipation capacity. However, BRBs are typically inserted within the structural mesh of the existing frames, thus requiring the demolition and reconstruction of non‐structural components. The present study explores the seismic retrofitting of existing steel structures, considering an external placement of BRBs to minimize the invasiveness of the intervention scheme and, consequently, business interruptions and indirect losses. A two‐story steel moment‐resisting frame (MRF) designed primarily for gravity loads and retrofitted with BRBs placed externally to the frames were considered for case study purposes. The research includes large‐scale Pseudo‐Dynamic Hybrid tests performed as part of the HITFRAMES (i.e., HybrId Testing of an Existing Steel Frame with Infills under Multiple EarthquakeS) project funded by the EU‐H2020 SERA Consortium in Europe. The experimental results provided significant insights into the seismic response of the retrofitted structure and allowed the calibration of advanced 3D finite element models. An extensive numerical parametric analysis was performed to investigate some of the key variables affecting the local and global response of the structure. The results provide valuable insights into effectively implementing this retrofit solution and the influence of BRB eccentricity on the seismic response.
Fire Protection of Steel Beam by OSB Claddings—A Fire Experiment and Numerical Models
Authors: Šejna Jakub , Šálek Vojtěch , Šulc Stanislav , Cábová Kamila , Šmilauer Vít , Zbirovský Slávek , Jahoda Milan , Wald František 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a standard fire resistance test of a loaded steel beam in a horizontal furnace. The beam was tested in three configurations: (1) unprotected, (2) protected with a single 22 mm layer of oriented strand board, and (3) protected with a double layer of the same cladding. The study also describes the development of a model in Fire Dynamics Simulator to predict the thermal conditions in the furnace and to observe the temperature trends on the beam surface, on the cladding, and at various depths in the cladding. A comparison between calculated and measured temperatures showed good agreement for the unprotected beam. However, for the protected beams, the model underestimated temperatures after 15 and 30 min for the single‐layer and double‐layer protection, respectively. Several potential sources for the discrepancies are identified. The main reason lies probably in the model's inability to correctly account for the effect of gaps in the cladding joints. Future work will focus on improving the accuracy of the model by removing these identified limitations, with particular attention to the behavior of the cladding as a passive fire protection material.
An Improved Single‐Layer Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model for Water–Soil Two‐Phase Flow
Authors: Zhan Zi‐Yang , Zhou Zi‐Xin , Chen Zhen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn coastal and offshore engineering, the intense water–soil motion poses significant challenges to the safety of buildings and structures. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, as a mesh‐free Lagrangian solver, has considerable advantages in the numerical resolution of such problems. SPH models for the water–soil two‐phase flow can be categorized into the multilayer type and the single‐layer type. Although the single‐layer model envisions a simpler algorithm and higher computational efficiency, its accuracy, stability, and recovery of interfacial details are far from satisfactory. In the present work, an improved single‐layer model is established to alleviate these limitations. First, the soakage function, which takes effect near the phase interface, is introduced to characterize the two‐phase coupling status. Additionally, the stress diffusion term and a modified density diffusion term applicable in density discontinuity scenario are introduced to ease the numerical oscillation. Finally, to remove the unphysical voids in the interfacial region, the particle shifting technique with special treatment tailored for free‐surface particles is implemented. Validations of the proposed model are carried out by a number of numerical tests, including the erodible dam‐break problem, the wall‐jet scouring, the flushing case, and the water jet excavation. Appealing agreements with either experimental data or published numerical results have been achieved, which verifies the accuracy, stability, and robustness of the proposed model for water–soil two‐phase flows.
Antioxidant, Alpha‐Amylase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity of Smallanthus sonchifolius Leaves from Nepal: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach
Authors: Rawal Prakash , Pandey Bipindra , Yadav Ram Kishor , Panta Sushil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2019, diabetes mellitus affected 9.3% of the global population and accounted for one in nine adult deaths. Plant‐based antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, mitigate oxidative stress, and significantly prevent diabetes and its complications. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant, alpha‐amylase inhibitory, in vivo oral hypoglycemic, and in silico antidiabetic potential of Smallanthus sonchifolius (S. sonchifolius) leaf extract. Mice (n = 25) were divided into five groups after a 16‐h fast with access to water. The groups received distilled water (normal control), metformin (100 mg/kg, standard), or S. sonchifolius ethanolic extract at 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg to compare the antidiabetic potential of the extract with that of the control. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured in tail vein blood before the experiment and at 30, 60, and 120 min post‐administration to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the extract and standard drug. The ethanolic extract exhibited dose‐dependent alpha‐amylase inhibition (IC50 value 0.136 mg/mL) and significant hypoglycemic effects, reducing blood glucose levels similar to those of the standard drugs voglibose and metformin. The maximum blood glucose reduction was 17.99% and 15.74% in the normal and glucose‐loaded mice, respectively, at 500 mg/kg within 120 min. In silico analysis shows, polymatin B and chlorogenic acid demonstrating the highest binding affinity of −8.2 and −7.2 kcal/mol, respectively, in PPAR‐γ (3G9E). Polymatin B and chlorogenic acid showed strong binding affinities of −7.3 and −7.5 kcal/mol, respectively, in alpha‐amylase (4W93). These findings indicate that S. sonchifolius possesses significant hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic agent, warranting further clinical research.
Activity–Stability Relationship in Compositionally Tuned Magnetron Co‐Sputtered Bimetallic Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Orság Martin , Mohandas Sandhya Athira Lekshmi , Xie Xianxian , Kučera Jan , Rodriguez Miquel Gamon , Yakovlev Yurii , Dopita Milan , Matolínová Iva , Khalakhan Ivan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present study, magnetron‐sputtered PtxM100−x (M = Co, Cu, and Y; x = 25, 50, 75, and 100) bimetallic alloys were investigated as PEMFC cathodes. Accurate composition and layer thickness control enabled a systematic study of the correlation between the alloy composition, its activity, and stability. The catalysts underwent thorough characterization, employing a diverse portfolio of characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The activity of all investigated alloys was tested directly in a fuel cell device, whereas stability was assessed through potentiodynamic cycling in a half‐cell. The activity–stability index, considering experimental results for both activity and stability, was calculated and compared for all investigated catalysts. All alloys exhibited a volcano‐type trend in the activity–stability index as a function of the concentration of the alloying element with maxima observed for Pt50Co50, Pt50Cu50, and Pt75Y25 for respective alloys, surpassing that of monometallic platinum. Overall, Pt50Co50 emerged as a catalyst with the highest activity–stability ratio.
Diagenesis and Reservoir Evolution of Low Permeability Sandstones: A Case Study of the Second Member of the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, Central Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Cao Zheng , Qing Hairuo , Azmy Karem , Zhang Lei , Li Zhipeng , Zhu Shijie , Han Changcheng , Wei Qinglian , Yin Nanxin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe low‐permeability oil‐bearing tuffaceous sandstones of the second member of the lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s2) in the Well Pen‐1 west sag of the central Junggar Basin occur in a deep burial setting (> 4000 m). They contain abundant oil and gas shows and hold promising exploration prospects. However, the reservoir heterogeneity is strong due to complex lithofacies and diagenesis, leading to significant productivity differences between adjacent wells. Therefore, identifying the lithofacies and diagenesis of the J1s2 sandstones and elucidating their influence on the evolution of relatively high‐quality reservoirs is of utmost importance for oil and gas exploration and development in this area. Samples from the Well Pen‐1 west sag, representing the J1s2 sandstones, were investigated utilising core and thin section observations, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, fluid inclusions and carbon and oxygen isotope analyses. The J1s2 sandstones are mainly medium‐ to fine‐grained and moderate‐ to‐well‐sorted feldspathic litharenites and litharenites. The tuffaceous contents range from 2.6% to 25% and the authigenic clay contents, produced by diagenesis, range from 0.6% to 12%, although carbonate cements are not abundant (av. 3.1%). Four sandstone lithofacies have been identified based on mineral compositions, leading to variations in diagenetic evolution and reservoir quality. Early diagenetic events included compaction, alteration of tuffaceous matrix and feldspar, and development of smectite, chlorite, kaolinite and early calcite. Mesogenic alteration included feldspar and tuffaceous matrix dissolution, alteration of kaolinite, chlorite and illite, and precipitation of quartz, anhydrite, late calcite and ferrocalcite. The alteration of the tuffaceous matrix resulted in a complex pore‐throat structure in the J1s2 sandstones. The pebbly sandstone and conglomerate (SC) and fine‐grained sandstone (Sm) lithofacies are generally characterised by high compaction resistance, low tuffaceous matrix and cement contents, and abundant secondary dissolution pores, and they exhibit better reservoir quality and great potential for oil and gas enrichment.
Factors associated with not smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents and young people: Analysis of data from the 2014 to 15 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey
Authors: Cameron Emilie , Freund Megan , Eades Sandra , Turner Nicole , Davis Robert , Heris Christina , Rumbel Jennifer , Clapham Matthew , Bryant Jamie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedSmoking rates have been steadily declining among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Examining the factors associated with not smoking in young people is crucial for understanding the motivations and influences that lead individuals to adopt healthy behaviours.MethodsSecondary analysis was undertaken of data collected as part of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) 2014–15 (n = 1456). Factors associated with not smoking were explored with three multivariate regressions: (1) socio‐demographic characteristics; (2) health, social and emotional factors; and (3) cultural identity characteristics.ResultsOverall, 66% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people aged 15–24 years did not smoke. Factors associated with not smoking included being younger, female, and engaged in study or employment. Those who lived with no smoking in the house, had lower illicit drug and alcohol use, and participated in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander sports carnivals were also more likely to be non‐smokers.ConclusionsStudy findings reinforce the influence of social determinants on smoking behaviour. Efforts to reduce smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people should focus on removing barriers to education and employment, promoting positive peer and family influences within households, taking a multi‐drug approach to cessation, and considering cultural identity and its role in promoting healthy lifestyles.So What?Understanding the protective factors associated with not smoking in young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people will help with developing effective policies and initiatives to improve health outcomes.
Prognostic and predictive implications of sterile alpha motif and HD domain‐containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) expression in breast cancer
Authors: Kouvaraki Maria , Zerdes Ioannis , Sifakis Emmanouil G. , Sarafidis Michail , Matikas Alexios , Tzoras Evangelos , Kjällquist Una , Stathopoulou Konstantina , Lövrot John , Alkodsi Amjad , Hartman Johan , Sotiriou Christos , Richard Francois , Hatschek Thomas , Herold Nikolas , Bergh Jonas , Rassidakis George Z. , Foukakis Theodoros 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSterile alpha motif and HD domain‐containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTP hydrolase important for intracellular dNTP homeostasis and serves as tumor suppressor and modulator of antimetabolite efficacy in cancer, though largely unexplored in breast cancer (BC). A cohort of patients with early BC (n = 564) with available gene expression data (GEP) was used. SAMHD1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarrays. A large pooled transcriptomic dataset was used for validation (n = 2402). GEP data from the metastatic TEX randomized phase III trial (NCT01433614) were used for SAMHD1 predictive evaluation in response to capecitabine. SAMHD1 protein and mRNA levels were higher in HER2‐enriched/HER2+ and basal‐like (BL)/ER‐/HER2‐ BC. Both SAMHD1 gene and protein expression were independently associated with favorable outcomes in BL tumors. In the pooled dataset, SAMHD1 gene expression was independently associated with favorable disease‐free survival in the entire population and within the BL and HER2‐enriched molecular subtypes. In metastatic BC, SAMHD1 mRNA levels were higher in responders receiving capecitabine. In conclusion SAMHD1 gene and protein expression represent promising prognostic biomarkers in BL early BC.
Impact of strength‐based video‐feedback intervention on maternal sensitivity in mother–infant dyads with maternal depressive symptoms
Authors: Olhaberry Marcia , Morán‐Kneer Javier , Sieverson Catalina , Costa‐Cordella Stefanella , Muzard Antonia , Honorato Carolina , León María José , Leyton Fanny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStrength‐based video‐feedback (SB‐VF) is an attached base and culturally sensitive video‐feedback intervention which promotes maternal well‐being and sensitivity through using mentalization technics. The goals of this study were to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of internet‐delivered SB‐VF to mother with post‐partum depression during COVID‐19 pandemic. A pilot randomized, two arm controlled trial was conducted (trial registration NCT04748731) with depressive symptoms’ women (n = 172) from Chilean public primary health centers, 79 were randomized to either experimental group (on‐line SB‐VF plus treatment as usual [TAU], n = 41) or control group (TAU, n = 38). Primary outcomes were feasibility measured by eligibility rate, recruitment rate and intervention completion, and acceptability measured by in depth interviews to mothers and therapists. Secondary outcomes were change in depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity and parental reflective function. The study demonstrated favorable feasibility and acceptability. Despite moderate recruitment rates, the completion rate was notably high in comparison to other online interventions. Participants reported positive experiences, though some faced challenges with internet access and privacy. Maternal sensitivity improved in the intervention group with a small to large effect size. The SB‐VF intervention is feasible and preliminarily effective in public health system, with potential for scaling up in similar contexts.
Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Through the Lens of German Young Adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East, and Southeast Asian Heritage
Authors: Aral Tuğçe , Juang Linda P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study explored how racially marginalized German young adults narrate their ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) growing up in Germany. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 26 German young adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian heritage (aged 18–32 years, Mage = 26.7, SD = 3.08, 16 women, seven men, and three nonbinary). Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (1) family and community heritage culture socialization, (2) family survival vs. liberation‐based preparation for bias, (3) family mistrust toward the oppressing community, (4) school and neighborhood lack of support against discrimination, and (5) marginalized peers and siblings as sources of support against discrimination. The findings highlight marginalized peers as an important source of support and suggest the need for considering the complexity of racism and ERS for participants of minoritized communities within minoritized communities in Europe. The findings also inform interventions designed for families and schools to protect youth from varied forms of bias and discrimination.