bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early age assessment of cement mortar incorporated high volume fly ash
Authors: Hanoon Dhoha Saad , Sallal Ali Kadhim , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Al-Fehaida Ali , Abdulraheem Mustafa S. , Abdulzahra Firas R. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Al-Rifaie Ali , Hashim Khalid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe technique of replacing the cement with other alternative materials focuses on the production of materials with similar performance and reduced environmental impacts relative to traditional cement. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of replacing the cement content with high volume of Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) on the mechanical performance of cement mortar. Three mixtures were prepared with different percentages of PFA (20%, 40% and 60%) as replacement of cement along with other mixture that made with 100% cement as a control mixture. In order to evaluate the performance of the cement mortars, compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing was used. The results indicated that for all ages of curing, the increase of PFA contents caused a reduction in the compressive strength and UPV in comparison with the control mixture. After 28 days of curing, the results indicated that the mixture incorporated 20% PFA has similar UPV value relative to the control mixture. Such findings will significantly contribute in reducing the cost of the produced mortar by reducing the amount of used cement and this consequently reduce the cement demands/manufacturing. Less production of cement will reduce the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions of the cement industry.
Intelligent system for fault detection of phase failure and temperature
Authors: Lilo Moneer A. , Al Mashhadany Yousif I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, most countries began utilizing Electronic governance (EG), which is the application of intelligence technique (IT) for delivering government services, exchange information, communicate transactions, and integrate various stand-alone systems between governments and citizen. The lack of electricity (from unstable power supply) tends to severely interrupt e-governance, as EG needs power in 24 hours per day. The phase failure, over-voltage, and frequency instability can result in the lack of electricity. This paper details the design and implementation of an intelligent fault detection system that controls the feeding power for IT equipment by calling the engineer or utilizing another power source. The system was implemented based on the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)-sim900and Arduino microcontroller, where the Arduino code is used to implement the software. The result show that the system will try feeding the IT system the power via other power sources line until the service engineers arrive to address the problems. The intelligent system improves the reliability and stability of EG, which improves its performance and the delivery of public services to citizens.
Design and Implementation of a Smart System for School Children Tracking
Authors: Khutar Dawood Zahi , Yahya Omar Hashim , Salim Alrikabi Haider Th. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What the world is seeing about the deterioration of public safety in various cities and the increase in the rate of crimes against children makes parents constantly worry about their children when they go to school and until they return from it. To dispel these fears, the idea emerges to create an application that allows parents to know the whereabouts of their children and notify them with a message if the children exceed the area specified for them. In this application, the process of discovering the child’s precise location in a specific area is carried out by determining the latitude and longitude using the GSM radio navigation system. After that, the mobile receives all the information about the location via the GSM modem. A GSM modem has been programmed to achieve communication between the modem and the child by two methods of communication through which the child’s location is determined. Ensuring that the child’s location is known at any time and informing the person responsible for tracking him is the primary function of this system. This device connects to the child in an appropriate manner and it turns on when the child exits the designated area for him, after which a message is sent to the tracker. The device can be triggered using a short messaging system (SMS) where the user can communicate remotely to the GSM using a mobile.
Performance analysis of cavitation flow pump
Authors: Kasim Muna , Arife Waleed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the current research, an experimental and theoretical investigation has been performed in non-cavitating and cavitating flow conditions, carried out in the centrifugal pump. The test used an open-loop drudge pump system to investigate the effects of Net positive suction head available (NPSHa) with a range (1 to 10 m), The centrifugal pump concert was coordinated by a flow rate with incremental values (80 to 450 m3/h), water temperature with values (12.5, 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5 )°C and pump speed with values (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 rpm). Thus, the theoretical study is included a two-phase flow 2-D simulation (ANSYS FLUENT software) within the centrifugal pump. It was noted that the percentage drop in the flow rate less than (2%) at a head drop of 3%, whereas the percentage drop in performance greater than (3%). This also showed that NPSHa decreases by increasing the flow rate and temperature and increases by reducing the velocity. This study showed that the noise level of the pump was increased with the decreasing NPSHa and the flow rate. Furthermore, the difference in the noise level between non-cavitating and cavitating flows was around (8 dB) (3 percent head fall). Thus, it was noted that Net positive suction head required (NPSHr) was increases by increasing the flow rate and decreases with higher temperature and lower velocity. The initiation of cavitation at NPSHa was approximately equal (4.3 m) to the flow rate (310 m3/h).
Effect of steel reinforcement distribution on ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements
Authors: Salah Muhammad Ali , Al-Rifaie Ali , Al.Khuzaie Hussein M. Ashour 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-destructive tests (NDTs) represented one of the solutions that aid the engineers to evaluate the strength of materials. However, the results obtained using such tests still questionable as they may be affected by different factors. One of these factors is the presence of steel reinforcement in concrete. An experimental investigation is presented in the current study to investigate the effect of the distribution of steel reinforcement on the one of the most common NDTs named Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). However, two small-scale concrete slabs were tested and the results were successfully obtained. Two different spacing between the longitudinal reinforcement were considered. Also, the effect of measuring the UPV in the top and bottom surface of the RC slab was studied. The effect of direct path length was also investigated. The results showed that the presence of reinforcement considerably affects the UPV values. Besides, no judgement was made to decide the effect of path length as fluctuated results were obtained.
Comparing Between the Imported and Local Bottled Drinking Water by LASSO Regression
Authors: Mohommed Bager Ali Sadig , Hussein A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredict the significant variables of the quality measurement results of 10 and 5 kinds of imported and local bottled drinking water, respectively, tested in the Samawah city, Iraq, using regression analysis (LASSO). These variables were pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluoride, nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, iron, manganese. Ph was selected as a y dependant, and others were chosen as x independents. The results showed that nitrates, sulphates, and magnesium were insignificant (Beta > 0.05) in imported and local bottled drinking water, while sodium was insignificant (Beta > 0.05) in local bottled drinking water only. From these results, LASSO regression gave better results.
System identification based PSO approach for networked DC servo motor
Authors: Akram Ibtihal , Awad Osama A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNetworked control system (NCS) suffers from inherent time delay and packet loss associated with any communication network. To build a controller that overcomes these issues, we need to know the accurate model of the system a priori. But, unfortunately most of the practical systems faced with lack in available and complete specifications of the physical system that helps in developing accurate mathematical model. This paper provides an experimentally identification method for any system based on Particle Swarm Optimization approach. The objective function to be minimized is based on the integral squared error criterion between the experimental and modeled trajectories. An armature-controlled DC motor with gearbox in lab is examined. The practical system trajectory represents the angular rotation of the output shaft. The DC motor system is modeled and controlled using fuzzy PID controller by the presented approach. Experimental results show that model equation has been successfully found with 94% accuracy. Also, a methodology for modeling the time delay in WNCS is presented.
Theoretical assessment of using ceramic tiles as replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement and sand
Authors: Joudah Zahraa H , Hewayde Esam , Samadi Mostafa , Huseien Ghasan F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using of industrial wastes as replacement of cement and/or other components of concrete is very attractive in concrete industry especially when this replacement leads to a reduction in the cost of concrete. This study investigates the feasibility of using two forms of ceramic tile wastes, naming: waste ceramic powder (WCP) and ceramic fine aggregate (CFA) as replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and river sand (RS), respectively. Twelve mortar mixtures incorporating various dosages of WCP and/or CFA were prepared to compare Carbone dioxide (CO2) emission, cost effectiveness, and energy consumption of the different mortar mixtures. Results showed that the use of WCP as replacement of OPC significantly reduces the CO2 emission, cost effective and energy consumption of the mortar mixtures. A replacement of 60% by weight of OPC by WCP resulted in a reduction of approximately 50%, 40% and 30% in CO2 emission, energy consumption, and cost respectively. The replacement of RS by different levels of CFA (up to 100%) had a marginal influence on the CO2 emission and energy consumption, while it moderately decreased the effective cost of the mortar mixtures. Results of using WCP as a partial replacement of cement are very encouraging and should be gathered with laboratory results about the effect of the replacement on properties of concrete to have a clear vision about selecting the appropriate materials of replacement for cement.
Investigating the effect of cartographic properties on updating cadastral maps
Authors: Hussain M , Al-Bakri M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCadastral maps are the main documents of ownership and plots of land, as it contribute to preserving the property rights of individuals and institutions. It indicates the size and shape of each parcel and reveals geographic relationships that affect property value. The Iraqi cadastral maps are in old coordinate system AL-nahrwan 1934 and lambert conformal conic projection. Therefore these maps are old and unfit for use. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cartographic properties on updating cadastral maps. This depends on studying the effect of conversion the projection and the datum of the cadastral maps of the study area from (datum: nahrwan34, projection: lambert conformal conic) to the (datum WGS84, projection: UTM). The results indicated that the distortions are very small in small areas and distance, but it increases with increasing areas and distances. While, there is no distortion in directions. The Affine (2D) and Molodensky (3D) transformations were used in datum transformation. The total root mean square error (TRMSE) of affine transformation was ±0.895m, while it was±0.651m for Molodensky results. Therefore, the Molodensky method was used to transform the datum for all cadastral maps.
Performance of ACI code for predicting the flexural capacity and deflection of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams
Authors: Zinkaah Othman Hameed , Araba Almahdi , Alhawat Musab 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A conventional Portland cement can be considered as the most consumed energy material, since it isresponsible on about 1.35 billion tons annually, occupying is approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions. It can be stated that the emission related to CO2 is the main reason of global warming and greenhouse effect. For this reason, studies have been devoted to find a clean source of material to be an alternative for the traditional cement. Geopolymer concrete is being emerged as a promised construction material that acts as an ecofriendly material. Geopolymer is an inorganic material that can be produced from geological origin or by-product waste, mainly from Silicon (Si) and Aluminum (Ai) in addition to the alkaline activator required for geopolymerization process. Research conducted to assess the performance of the existing design guidelines (e.g. ACI code) for moment and/or deflection calculations of Geopolymer concrete beams is scarcely available in literature. Therefore, this research is devoted to evaluating the applicability of ACI 318-2019 code for flexural and deflection calculations. For this purpose, a total of 40 simply supported geopolymer concrete beams embedded with steel reinforcement bars were compiled from different sources of literature. The experimental results collected from the samples were compared to those calculated by ACI 318-2019 in terms of moment capacity and deflection. It was found that the calculated moments of the ACI were conservative with a mean value and the variation of coefficient of 1.16 and 15 %, respectively. On the other hand, the deflection results were much lower than those measured experimentally. Essentially after the formation of the first crack, highlighting the need of a suitable model for precisely predicting the flexural strength and deflections of geopolymer concrete beams to reflect the main parameters that control the behavior of such elements.
Production of Ternary Blend Binder as an Alternative to Portland Cement
Authors: Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Al-Rifaie Ali , Al-Mufti Rafal Latif , Sadique Monower , Hashim Khalid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental pollution and the relatively high cost of waste disposal have been a major focus for scientists around the world, leading researchers to find a solution to reuse waste materials in different applications. Additionally, landfills are considered one of the biggest crisis facing the Iraqi government. Therefore, this study aims to present a new ternary mixture that consists of OPC in addition to Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) by utilizing it as a partial substitution of cement. A new ternary mortar mixtures containing four substitution levels of cement with GGBS and PFA (0%, 30 %, 50% and 70% by weight) were carried out. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and compressive strength tests were adopted to show the influence of GGBS and PFA on mechanical features of cement mortar. Findings indicated that, the compressive strength values were reduced with increasing the GGBS and PFA proportions at all curing ages. For 70% replacement, the compressive strength values were the lowest values comparison with that for control specimens. In contrast, the GGBS and PFA had a negative and positive impacts on the UPV of mortar depending on the substitution ratio. At 30 % substitution levels, the velocity value was enhanced, while other substitution ratios affected negatively on the UPV values.
The Concept of Customization and the Evolutionary Path of Industrialized Architecture in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Mohammed Aldiwani Hala Shamsi , Shahin Bahjat Rashad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century was affected -directly and indirectly-by the Mass Production Paradigm that appeared in industrial products, and due to the nature of architecture in combining creative and craft design and industrial production on the one hand, and to preserve the economic, social and demographic aspects on the other hand, major changes appeared in dealing with Mass Production. As a result, features of the concept of Customization emerged, which means the merging between Craft production and Mass production, constituting the contemporary Manufacturing Paradigm. The research problem crystallized in the change in the embodiment of the Mass production Paradigm in Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century. The research assumes: the concept of Customization has a time depth whose features appear in the evolutionary path of Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century. The research dealt with the theoretical side to reveal indicators that clarify the features of the concept of customization in Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century, to be tested in the practical side, with the aim of verifying the hypothesis.
Investigation of Ahrar Irrigation Scheme Characteristics Utilizing Remote Sensing Technique
Authors: Shamkhi Mohammed S. , Obeid Zahraa H. , Adbullah Tabarak J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The data of remote sensing techniques is one of the easiest ways to study irrigation projects’ characteristics. Moreover, it is useful when dealing with irrigation management. ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software are versatile applications used in this study to provide a suitable framework by visualizing, manipulating, spatial analysis processes, and creating models, especially when dealing with large areas and complex data. This paper aims to calculate the cultivated areas by computing the vegetation indices (VIs) and calculating the land surface temperature (LST), which assists the decision-makers in managing, developing, and evaluating the project. Besides, present other project characteristics, such as soil and land use/ land cover’s physical properties. The use of Landsat 8 data in estimation VIs and LST for Ahrar irrigation project open an opportunity for researchers to apply these values in several types of researches. This paper’s tool produced completely good results of LST, considering that the precision assessment was done with air temperatures. The selected study area was an Ahrar irrigation project located in Iraq’s center within the rickety pier of Mesopotamia’s plain range. The results showed a high decrease in cultivated areas of Ahrar irrigation project during the Summer season in contrast to Winter. This decrease is due to high temperatures, which led to a significant increase in evapotranspiration and water requirement and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in levels of the Tigris river during that season.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composite for Electrical Insulation and Dielectrics
Authors: Rasheed Laith M. , Mansoor Riyadh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work provides an experimental study to measure the electrical properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and how it improves through the process of mixing with different volume rates of Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA. The relationship of the actual dielectric constant with frequency for pure and dopped models with different concentrations of PMMA (5%, 7%, 10%) and for a range of frequencies ranging between 1-1000 KHz, at the room temperature was investigated. The results show an increase in the dielectric constant of the composites compared to the pure models for all concentrations, which indicates that the polymers interaction gives support to the polytetrafluoroethylene infrastructure. The mixing process, also, leads to an increase in the values the imaginary part of the dielectric constant compared to the pure model, and this is due the significant increase in the number of dipoles resulting from the addition process which in turn led to increase the amount of energy lost due to rotation or friction of the dipoles with each other. This increase, in turn, led to a corresponding rise in the values of the loss tangent tanδ and the AC conductivity of the models. The experimental results show a 90 % increase in the dielectric constant of the composite at 500 KHz compared to the pure Polytetrafluoroethylene, which provide a good electrical insulation material for electronic circuits.
The Influence of Arch Flexibility On The Floor Deck Structural Characteristics For Composite Arch Steel Bridge
Authors: Wali Raneen F. , Muteb Haitham H. , Hadi Abdal-Redha S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an optimizing design for the floor deck for the composite arch steel bridge depending on the arch flexibility (the bridge’s main component). The design is based on second-order effects using nonlinear p-delta analysis. Many variables are considered in the parametric study, which is the arch’s in-plane flexibility, the out-of-plane flexibility of the arch, and the number and stiffness of the lateral bracing between the twin arches. The design has been done by graphical design software SAP2000 and based on AISC and AASHTO specifications. A numerical example is studded herein for the new proposed bridge of Batta in Al-Hilla city in Iraq which crossover Al-Hilla river for a width of 108m from bank to bank, the bridge has an overall width of 18 m including two lane-two way of 15.6 m width and walkways of 1.2 m on both sides. This study’s main objectives are the number and size of floor beams, deck thickness, and hence the overall weight of the bridge will be minimum, the goal of design is to select the lightest and most economical and practical composite floor decks. It has been concluded that the deflection decreases with the increase in the number of the floor beam, and the best result was the case of the distance between the floor beam is 1.95 m with a deflection of 71.95 mm, meaning that the flexibility is less as the number of floor beam increases. As for the change of the arch’s cross-section, the best result of the lesser girder deflection was in the case that the arch section with dimensions (0.8 x1.2x0.035) m. This indicates that the greater the moment of inertia, which leads to less deflection for cross over the main girder.