bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and Complication of Liver Transplantation in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hou Yifu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yang Hongji , Zhong Shan 
Published: April 2021

Background: Modern surgical techniques and scientific advancements have made liver transplant (LT) in infants feasible. However, there are only a small number of studies examining the short- as well as long-term outcomes of LT in this vulnerable subset of children.Methods: Comprehensive searches were done systematically through the PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. Studies that were retrospective record based or adopted a cohort approach and reported either patient survival rates or graft survival rates or complications of LT in infants were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 13.0.Results: A total of 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled patient survival rate at 1 year, &gt;1–5 years, and &gt;5 years post-transplantation was 85% (95% CI: 78-−92%), 71% (95% CI: 59–83%), and 80% (95% CI: 69–91%), respectively. The overall pooled graft survival rate at 1 year, &gt;1–5 years, and &gt;5 years post-transplantation was 72% (95% CI: 68–76%), 62% (95% CI: 46–78%), and 71% (95% CI: 56–86%), respectively. The overall pooled rate for vascular complications, need for re-transplantation, biliary complications, and infection/sepsis was 12% (95% CI: 10–15%), 16% (95% CI: 12–20%), 15% (95% CI: 9–21%), and 50% (95% CI: 38–61%), respectively.Conclusion: The current meta-analysis showed modest patient and graft survival rates for infant liver transplantation. However, the complication rates related to infection/sepsis were high. More comprehensive evidence is required from studies with larger sample sizes and a longer duration of follow-up.
Placement on COVID-19 Units Does Not Increase Seroconversion Rate of Pediatric Graduate Medical Residents
Authors: Crisci Timothy , Arregui Samuel , Canas Jorge , Hooks Jenaya , Chan Melvin , Powers Cory , Schwaderer Andrew L. , Hains David S. , Starr Michelle C. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has presented graduate medical education (GME) training programs with a unique set of challenges. One of the most pressing is how should hospital systems that rely on graduate medical residents provide appropriate care for patients while protecting trainees. This question is of particular concern as healthcare workers are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure.Objective: This cross-sectional study sought to assess the impact of hospital COVID-19 patient placement on pediatric graduate medical residents by comparing rates of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rates of residents who worked on designated COVID-19 teams and those who did not.Methods: Forty-four pediatric and medicine–pediatric residents at Riley Children's Hospital (Indianapolis, IN) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG seroconversion in May 2020 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Abnova catalog no. KA5826), 2 months after the first known COVID-19 case in Indiana. These residents were divided into two groups: those residents who worked on designated COVID-19 teams, and those who did not. Groups were compared using χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, and continuous variables were compared using Student t testing.Results: Forty-four of 104 eligible residents participated in this study. Despite high rates of seroconversion, there was no difference in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion between residents who worked on designated COVID-19 teams (26% or 8/31) and those who did not (31% or 4/13). Eleven of 44 residents (25%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, whereas only 5/44 (11.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM, without a detectable difference between exposure groups.Conclusion: We did not observe a difference in SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion between different exposure groups. These data are consistent with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of personal protective equipment. Further population-based research on the role of children in transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus is needed to allow for a more evidence-based approach toward managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Northwest China: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Perceptions, Involvement, and Perceived Barriers Among Hospital Pharmacists
Authors: Ji Wenjing , Hayat Khezar , Ye Dan , McIver David J. , Yan Kangkang , Kadirhaz Muhtar , Shi Li , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Hanjie , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2021

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a key prevention strategy in addressing the global concern of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharmacists are one of the integral members of AMS hospital teams around the world. Toward reducing AMR, a major strategy in China is to improve the capacity and participation of pharmacists in the AMS framework. However, little is known about how hospital pharmacists perceive their position and participation in AMS work, and the barriers to this work in China, especially in the Northwest region.Methods: Region this work describes a cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey study. Hospital pharmacists from five provinces/autonomous regions in northwest China were invited to participate in June and July 2020. Participants completed the survey by using WeChat, a popular social application in China. We purposefully distributed the questionnaire link and QR code to hospital pharmacists through the hospital antimicrobial resistance surveillance network, hospital antimicrobial consumption surveillance network, provincial and city pharmaceutical associations, and hospital pharmacist WeChat groups.Results: Out of 1032 respondents, 93.1% believed that AMS programs promote the judicial prescribing of antimicrobials, 95.5% strongly agreed that AMS could reduce the widespread use of antimicrobials, and 92.3% believed that AMS could improve medical services. Pharmacists were most likely to be involved in AMS through reviewing prescriptions of antimicrobials, intervening in inappropriate prescriptions, and providing feedback on antimicrobial prescriptions and medical orders. Barriers to participating in AMS included workload (59.5% of respondents), ineffective communication between pharmacists and doctors (57.7%), and inadequate knowledge of AMS (47.0%). Differences in responses were found between the five surveyed provinces. A significant association was found between median involvement scores and gender, age, education, level of superiority, experience, and type of hospital (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Pharmacists perceived that AMS programs are important, but that their involvement in related activities is limited in all provinces. Further studies and strategies should consider how to overcome the identified barriers to optimize the participation of pharmacists in AMS programs.
Systematic Investigation of DNA Methylation Associated With Platinum Chemotherapy Resistance Across 13 Cancer Types
Authors: Sun Ruizheng , Du Chao , Li Jiaxin , Zhou Yanhong , Xiong Wei , Xiang Juanjuan , Liu Jiheng , Xiao Zhigang , Fang Li , Li Zheng 
Published: April 2021

Background: Platinum resistance poses a significant problem for oncology clinicians. As a result, the role of epigenetics and DNA methylation in platinum-based chemoresistance has gained increasing attention from researchers in recent years. A systematic investigation of aberrant methylation patterns related to platinum resistance across various cancer types is urgently needed.Methods: We analyzed the platinum chemotherapy response-related methylation patterns from different perspectives of 618 patients across 13 cancer types and integrated transcriptional and clinical data. Spearman’s test was used to evaluate the correlation between methylation and gene expression. Cox analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank tests were performed to identify potential risk biomarkers based on differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and compare survival based on DMP values. Support vector machines and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the platinum-response predictive DMPs.Results: A total of 3,703 DMPs (p value &lt; 0.001 and absolute delta beta &gt;0.10) were identified, and the DMP numbers of each cancer type varied. A total of 39.83% of DMPs were hypermethylated and 60.17% were hypomethylated in platinum-resistant patients. Among them, 405 DMPs (Benjamini and Hochberg adjusted p value &lt; 0.05) were found to be associated with prognosis in tumor patients treated with platinum-based regimens, and 664 DMPs displayed the potential to predict platinum chemotherapy response. In addition, we defined six DNA DMPs consisting of four gene members (mesothelin, protein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta, msh homeobox 1, and par-6 family cell polarity regulator alpha) that may have favorable prognostic and predictive values for platinum chemotherapy.Conclusion: The methylation-transcription axis exists and participates in the complex biological mechanism of platinum resistance in various cancers. Six DMPs and four associated genes may have the potential to serve as promising epigenetic biomarkers for platinum-based chemotherapy and guide clinical selection of optimal treatment.
The HCN Channel Blocker ZD7288 Induces Emesis in the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva)
Authors: Zhong W. , Darmani N. A. 
Published: April 2021

Subtypes (1–4) of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the cells of smooth muscles in many organs. They mainly serve to regulate cellular excitability in these tissues. The HCN channel blocker ZD7288 has been shown to reduce apomorphine-induced conditioned taste aversion on saccharin preference in rats suggesting potential antinausea/antiemetic effects. Currently, in the least shew model of emesis we find that ZD7288 induces vomiting in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal efficacies of 100% at 1 mg/kg (i.p.) and 83.3% at 10 µg (i.c.v.). HCN channel subtype (1–4) expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in the least shrew brainstem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) containing the emetic nuclei (area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus). Highly enriched HCN1 and HCN4 subtypes are present in the AP. A 1 mg/kg (i.p.) dose of ZD7288 strongly evoked c-Fos expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the shrew brainstem DVC, but not in the in the enteric nervous system in the jejunum, suggesting a central contribution to the evoked vomiting. The ZD7288-evoked c-Fos expression exclusively occurred in tryptophan hydroxylase 2-positive serotonin neurons of the dorsal vagal complex, indicating activation of serotonin neurons may contribute to ZD7288-induced vomiting. To reveal its mechanism(s) of emetic action, we evaluated the efficacy of diverse antiemetics against ZD7288-evoked vomiting including the antagonists/inhibitors of: ERK1/2 (U0126), L-type Ca2+ channel (nifedipine); store-operated Ca2+ entry (MRS 1845); T-type Ca2+ channel (Z944), IP3R (2-APB), RyR receptor (dantrolene); the serotoninergic type 3 receptor (palonosetron); neurokinin 1 receptor (netupitant), dopamine type 2 receptor (sulpride), and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin. All tested antiemetics except sulpride attenuated ZD7288-evoked vomiting to varying degrees. In sum, ZD7288 has emetic potential mainly via central mechanisms, a process which involves Ca2+ signaling and several emetic receptors. HCN channel blockers have been reported to have emetic potential in the clinic since they are currently used/investigated as therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy related- or unrelated-heart failure, pain, and cognitive impairment.
Online Indicated Preventive Mental Health Interventions for Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: van Doorn Marilon , Nijhuis Laurens A. , Egeler Mees D. , Daams Joost G. , Popma Arne , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , McEnery Carla , Gleeson John F. , Öry Ferko G. , Avis Kate A. , Ruigt Emma , Jaspers Monique W. M. , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Nieman Dorien H. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Between the ages of 12 and 25 the onset of mental disorders typically occurs, and the burden of mental health problems is greatest for this group. Indicated preventive interventions to target individuals with subclinical symptoms to prevent the transition to clinical levels of disorders have gained considerable traction. However, the threshold to seek help appears to be high even when help is needed. Online interventions could offer a solution, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review will present an overview of the recent research of indicated online preventive interventions for youth (12–25 years) experiencing the early stages of mental health complaints with the aim of identifying the nature and extent of the research evidence.Methods: The 5-stage framework by Arksey and O'Malley was used. Academic literature published from 2013 onwards in printed or electronic format was included from Scopus, PsychINFO, and Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL.Results: The search yielded 11,122 results, with the final selection resulting in inclusion of 30 articles for this review. In total, the articles included 4,950 participants. 26.7% of the selected articles focused on youth between 12 and 25 years. Of the articles 60% did not screen for, nor exclude participants with clinical levels of symptoms. Most studies used a common evidence-based therapy for the disorder-category targeted. More than half of the online interventions included some form of human support. Adherence levels ranged between 27.9 and 98%. The results indicate general effectiveness, usability and acceptability of online indicated preventive interventions. The most commonly used approach was CBT (n = 12 studies). Studies varied in their size, rigor of study, effectiveness and outcome measures. Online interventions with a combination of clinical and peer moderation (n = 3 studies) appear to result in the most stable and highest effect sizes.Conclusion: Online indicated preventive mental health interventions for youth with emerging mental health issues show promise in reducing various mental health complaints, and increasing positive mental health indicators such as well-being and resilience. Additionally, high levels of usability and acceptability were found. However, the included studies show important methodological shortcomings. Also, the research has mainly focused on specific diagnostic categories, meaning there is a lack of transdiagnostic approaches. Finally, clear definitions of- as well as instruments to measure- emerging or subclinical mental health symptoms in youth remain are missing.
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Antipsychotic-Related Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rao Wen-Wang , Yang Juan-Juan , Qi Han , Sha Sha , Zheng Wei , Zhang Ling , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: April 2021

Background: Constipation is a common but often ignored side effect of antipsychotic treatment, although it is associated with adverse outcomes. The results of the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM) in treating constipation are mixed across studies. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy and safety of TCM compared to Western medicine (WM) in treating antipsychotic-related constipation.Methods: Major international electronic (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and Chinese (Wanfang, WeiPu VIP, SinoMed, and CNKI) databases were searched from their inception to November 29, 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model.Results: Thirty RCTs with 52 arms covering 2,570 patients in the TCM group and 2,511 patients in the WM group were included. Compared with WM, TCM alone was superior regarding the moderate response rate [risk ratio (RR) = 1.165; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.096–1.238; P &lt; 0.001], marked response rate (RR = 1.437; 95% CI: 1.267–1.692; P &lt; 0.001), and remission rate (RR = 1.376; 95% CI: 1.180–1.606; P &lt; 0.001) for constipation, while it was significantly associated with lower risk of rash (RR = 0.081; 95% CI: 0.019–0.342; P = 0.001). For the moderate response rate, meta-regression analyses revealed that publication year (β = −0.007, P = 0.0007) and Jadad score (β = 0.067, P &lt; 0.001) significantly moderated the results. For the remission rate, subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that the geographical region (P = 0.003), inpatient status (P = 0.035), and trial duration (β = 0.009, P = 0.013) significantly moderated the results.Conclusions: The efficacy of TCM for antipsychotic-related constipation appeared to be greater compared to WM, while certain side effects of TCM, such as rash, were less frequent.
Brief Research Report: The Association Between Educational Experiences and Covid-19 Pandemic-Related Variables, and Mental Health Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ramirez Saray , Aldunate María Paz , Arriagada Carolina , Bueno Massiel , Cuevas Florencia , González Xaviera , Araya Ricardo , Gaete Jorge 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Mental health problems among children and adolescents are frequent. Today, the world is facing a pandemic with a novel coronavirus, which is related to the higher rates of mental problems reported worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the Covid-19 related experiences, educational experiences, and family functioning on mental health and wellbeing among children and adolescents in Chile during the Pandemic and lockdown health measures.Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study among girls and boys of Pre-Kindergarten to 12th grade (4–18 years old) in Santiago, Chile. The sample consisted of 979 students from eight different schools. The method of data collection was online surveys administered to parents and adolescents. The dependent variables were mental health problems and wellbeing. Several independent variables were assessed (sociodemographic variables, Covid-19 related experiences, related educational experiences, and family functioning). A descriptive analysis and univariable and multivariable regression models were performed to study the association between variables.Results: Positive educational experiences, primarily academic self-concept, reduced the probability of mental health problems and increased wellbeing. Among covid-19 related variables, practicing meditation or praying reduced emotional problems, while having family or health problems increased emotional problems among adolescents. No clear association between Covid-19 related experiences variables among children was found.Conclusions: Our findings may help educational and public health authorities to plan future school preventive interventions to improve mental health and wellbeing in this population.
Endoscopic Assistance in the Deep and Narrow Spaces of the Brain—Microscopic Tumor Surgery Supported by the New Micro-Inspection Tool QEVO® (Technical Note)
Authors: Schebesch Karl-Michael , Doenitz Christian , Höhne Julius , Haj Amer , Schmidt Nils Ole 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the innovative micro-inspection tool QEVO® (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) as an endoscopic adjunct to microscopes for better visualization of the surgical field in complex deep-seated intracranial tumors in infants and adults.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively assessed the surgical videos of 25 consecutive patients with 26 complex intracranial lesions (time frame 2018–2020). Lesions were classified according to their anatomical area: 1 = sellar region (n = 6), 2 = intra-ventricular (except IV.ventricle, n = 9), 3 = IV.ventricle and rhomboid fossa (n = 4), and 4 = cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and foramen magnum (n = 7). Indications to use the QEVO® tool were divided into five “QEVO® categories”: A = target localization, B = tailoring of the approach, C = looking beyond the lesion, D = resection control, and E = inspection of remote areas.Results: Overall, the most frequent indications for using the QEVO® tool were categories D (n = 19), C (n = 17), and E (n = 16). QEVO® categories B (n = 8) and A (n = 5) were mainly applied to intra-ventricular procedures (anatomical area 2).Discussion: The new micro-inspection tool QEVO® is a powerful endoscopic device to support the comprehensive visualization of complex intracranial lesions and thus instantly increases intraoperative morphological understanding. However, its use is restricted to the specific properties of the respective anatomical area.
Influence of a University Tobacco-Free Policy on the Attitudes, Perceptions of Compliance, and Policy Benefit Among the University Students: A Pre-Post Investigation
Authors: Chaaya Monique , Farran Dina , Saab Dahlia , Al-Hindi Mahmoud , Romani Maya , Khairallah Mary , Nakkash Rima 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a university tobacco-free policy by examining differences in students’ attitudes, perceptions of compliance and policy benefits, after one year of the policy’s implementation.Methods: Cross-sectional studies were undertaken to collect data pre- and 1 year post-policy implementation. The two samples were selected using stratified random sampling.Results: The prevalence of smoking decreased from 26% pre-policy implementation to 21% 1 year after (p = 0.035). The proportion of smokers who thought the policy had contributed to a reduction in smoking frequency increased from 10% to 70% (p &lt; 0.001). Smokers’ support for the policy rose from 42 to 58% (p = 0.007).Conclusion: Against the background of a strongly pro-tobacco environment in Lebanon, it is possible to create a positive change in the mindset of smokers at the levels of the education and smoking cessation and more efforts should be expended to bring it about.
Hostile Interactions of Punjab Urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) towards Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) during Feeding Sessions in Captive Breeding Settings
Authors: Khattak Romaan Hayat , Teng Liwei , Mehmood Tahir , Rehman Ejaz Ur , Zhang Zhirong , Liu Zhensheng 
Published: April 2021

Natural wildlife habitats are regularly subjected to anthropogenic pressures for different purposes, which are heading the biodiversity towards drastic decline. Several endangered wild species are raised in captivity with the aim of re-introduction. In some instances, mixed herds’ rearing approach in captivity is adopted for providing social enrichment to captive stocks; however, the impacts of species on each other are least documented. We tested our prediction that keeping mixed herds of captive wild sheep and antelopes provides adequate social enrichment to the captive stocks: if interspecific interactions are balanced. In the current study, we studied the interspecific competition between mixed herds of captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) at Manglot Wildlife Park, Nowshera District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. We documented the negative effects of behavioural interference by Punjab urial on the feeding behaviour of Indian gazelle. The outcome of the current study revealed that Punjab urial are highly intolerant towards Indian gazelle, with high interference during feeding. Out of the total aggressive events, 77% (N = 1259) of events ended up with win/loss, in which Punjab urial dominated the Indian gazelle 3.5 times. Moreover, lopsided dominance by Punjab urial resulted in increased intraspecific competition among Indian gazelle (p < 0.001). Current study divulged Indian gazelle to be the subordinate species, with less intake of food. Instead of providing social enrichment by heterospecifics, the Punjab urial is negatively affecting the Indian gazelle, therefore, the results of our study discourage the practice of admix captive breeding for wild sheep and antelopes.