bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grant monitoring after intestinal transplantation
Authors: Venick Robert S. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
The current review aims to describe in detail the most common practices utilized to monitor graft function in intestinal transplant (ITx) recipients. In addition, to discussing the role of endoscopy and stool studies it will examine the use of other potential biomarkers which have been utilized. Data will be discussed from contemporary publications in the field, the Intestinal Transplant Registry as well as detailed data from a large, ITx single-center.

Recent findings
Significant improvements have been made in early outcomes following ITx, yet long-term survival remains challenged by infection and rejection, both of which can present with diarrhea. While endoscopy and stool studies are the gold-standard for graft monitoring, calprotectin, citrulline, measurements of immunoreactivity and donor-specific antibodies have been investigated in the field and are herein reviewed.

Summary
Despite a number of tests which are currently available for monitoring ITx recipients, a strong need exists for improved noninvasive, timely and accurate biomarkers to help improve ITx graft and patient survival.
Safety of Biological Therapy in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: D’Arcangelo Giulia , Distante Manuela , Raso Tonia , Rossetti Danilo , Catassi Giulia , Aloi Marina 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Retrospective, observational, single-center, cohort study investigating the safety profile of biological therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods:
Retrospective, observational, cohort study of pediatric patients with IBD, receiving infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, or ustekinumab for at least 2 months. Data related to the immediate and delayed adverse events (AEs) were collected, focusing on the reaction type and severity, the time of onset, the outcome and the temporary or definitive therapy discontinuation secondary to the AE. Number of suspected and confirmed coronavirus disease-209 (COVID-19) cases and their outcomes, as well as flu vaccination coverage were collected.

Results:
One hundred eighty-five children were included (101 [55%] CD, 82 [44%] UC, and 2 [1%] IBDU): 149 received infliximab (IFX) (81%), 88 (48%) adalimumab (ADA), 18 (21%) vedolizumab, and 4 (2%) ustekinumab. The overall AE rates were 49%, 67% of whom likely medication-related. Eleven (6%) patients experienced more than 1 AE, 18 patients (10%) presented an immediate reaction, and 82 (45%) a delayed AE. Among the 90 patients experiencing at least 1 AE, 97% had mild-to-moderate AEs. Only 4 SAEs were reported (4%). Treatment discontinuation because of AE occurred in 25 patients (14%). Four COVID-19 cases were reported, all with a mild course.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm a good safety profile of biologics. Infusion reactions to IFX administration remain one of the main issues, significantly linked to its immunogenicity and consequently with an impact on its efficacy and durability.
Extragenital Testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in a Large HIV Clinic in the US South: Implementation and Epidemiology
Authors: Pottorff Alexandra , Duarte Piper , Chow Jeremy , Luque Amneris , Nijhawan Ank E. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Rectal and oral Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are common among people with HIV, especially men who have sex with men (MSM); however, GC/CT testing rates remain low in many HIV clinics. We evaluated the real-world implementation and results of extragenital nucleic acid amplification testing for GC/CT in an urban HIV clinic.

Methods
Electronic health records were reviewed for all patients 18 years or older with ≥1 outpatient visit to an HIV clinic in Dallas, TX, from February 2016 to May 2019. Extragenital nucleic acid amplification testing became available in February 2017, which was followed by active interventions to increase testing.

Results
Overall, 5564 individual patients were included in the preintervention period (February 2016–January 2017), 5067 in the intervention period (February 2017–August 2017), and 7030 in the postintervention period (September 2017–May 2018). Tailored education was provided to patients, and nursing and medical providers, and a self-collection protocol was implemented beginning in spring 2017. A sustained increase in extragenital GC/CT testing among MSM patients, from 70% to 87% (P < 0.01), was observed. Among MSM, overall GC positivity increased from 3.2% to 8.5% and CT positivity increased from 3.9% to 8.3%. N. gonorrhoeae/C. trachomatis infections were highest among young (<35 years) MSM, and approximately 50% of GC/CT infections diagnosed were detected by oral and rectal tests.

Conclusions
Clinic-wide education and self-collection of extragenital specimens were associated with increased GC/CT testing and detection in a large HIV clinic.
Primary Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Clear Cell Morphology Presenting With Multiple Liver Masses: Report of a Case With a Unique VHL Y98fs*24 Mutation and Indolent Clinical Course
Authors: Saeed Omer A. M. , Armutlu Ayşe , Zhang Xin , Saxena Romil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma represents less than a quarter of all malignant mesothelioma cases. Malignant mesothelioma can be classified based on morphology into epithelioid, sarcomatoid, or mixed types. Peritoneal epithelioid mesothelioma with predominant clear cell features is very rare and mimics various malignancies posing a diagnostic challenge. Here we report a rare case of primary peritoneal mesothelioma with clear cell features presenting with liver masses. A 68-year-old man who had multiple liver nodules on imaging was admitted for worsening abdominal pain. He complained of intermittent abdominal pain for more than 10 years. Longitudinal follow-up of the patients' abdominal images over 10 years showed slowly progressive liver lesions. Microscopic examination of resected tumors revealed pleomorphic epithelioid neoplasm with clear cytoplasm, distinct cell borders, optically clear chromatin, and prominent nucleoli embedded in a vascular stroma. Immunostaining showed that the tumor cells were positive for AE1/3, vimentin, carbonic anhydrase IX, TFE1/33, and Gata3, whereas they were negative for PAX-8, arginase-1, hepatocyte specific antigen, inhibin, S100, DOG1, CD117, CD31, TTF-1, p63, smooth muscle actin, and HMB45. CancerType ID testing favored the diagnosis of mesothelioma with 90% probability, a diagnosis that was further confirmed by calretinin and WT1 positivity. Foundation genomic testing showed VHL Y98fs*24 mutation, a unique genetic mutation that, to our knowledge, was never described before. In summary, this is a rare case of primary peritoneal mesothelioma with clear cell features presenting as liver masses. The tumor had a unique genetic mutation and behaved in an indolent manner in contrast to what is commonly seen in mesotheliomas.
Collision Tumor Composed of Renal Oncocytoma and Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma: Not a Rare Occurrence
Authors: Lin Michelle S. , Jacobi Elizabeth M. , Mullick Seema S. , Nguyen Christopher V. , Thomas Jessica S. , Olsen Randall J. , Shen Steven S. , Ayala Alberto G. , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Primary renal collision tumors have been rarely reported in the literature. Our institution reported the first case of a renal collision tumor that comprised oncocytoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC). In this study, upon review of this index case and a second case encountered in our practice, we performed molecular characterization of each component using next-generation sequencing, which did not detect any somatic mutations. In addition, we reviewed resection cases of oncocytomas for previously undetected MTSCC components. While no additional definitive oncocytoma-MTSCC collision tumor cases were identified, 2 cases with entrapped tubules within the central scar of the oncocytoma that possessed some features of MTSCC were encountered, raising the differential diagnosis of oncocytoma-MTSCC collision tumors versus entrapped renal tubules. We propose the following histomorphologic criteria to distinguish a true MTSCC component: (1) expansile mass lesion greater than 0.5 cm; (2) dense proliferation of tubules lined by plump cells; and (3) background of loose myxoid collagenous stroma. In contrast, entrapped tubules tend to form a smaller, stellate-shaped area with atrophic tubules within a dense collagenous stroma. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the 2 described cases provides evidence that the incidence of this collision tumor may not be extremely rare. Therefore, we recommend careful examination and generous sampling of oncocytomas, particularly from the central scarred region or in cases exhibiting atypical gross appearance. Further studies with additional cases are required to better document the relationship and molecular pathogenesis of MTSCC from the central scars of oncocytomas.
The Women Physiatrists Facebook Group
Authors: Capizzi Allison N. , Larson Allison R. , Silver Julie K. , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated Women Physiatry Facebook group members’ perceptions of the value of an online community. The authors hypothesized that members would find the group protective against burnout, and early career participants would be more likely to use the group for education and networking. This was a cross-sectional survey study of women physicians in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation primarily in the United States. The survey consisted of 51 questions covering demographic information, work/life satisfaction, and physician burnout.
There were 310 respondents. Those at an earlier career stage accessed the Women Physiatrists Facebook page significantly more often (P = 0.038). Most respondents were neutral regarding the group reducing burnout. Across all career stages, the group was most often used as an educational tool to review patient cases (82.2%). Mid- to late-career members were more likely to use the group to learn about maintenance of certification or continuing medical education requirements (P = 0.019) and searching for a physiatrist in another part of the county (P = 0.016). This study suggests that closed Facebook groups can be useful educational tools across career stages.
The Association Between Health Care Staff Engagement and Patient Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Janes Gillian , Mills Thomas , Budworth Luke , Johnson Judith , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
Despite decades of research, improving health care safety remains a global priority. Individual studies have demonstrated links between staff engagement and care quality, but until now, any relationship between engagement and patient safety outcomes has been more speculative. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore assessed this relationship and explored if the way these variables were defined and measured had any differential effect.

Methods
After systematic searches of Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Library, and National Institute for Health Research Journals databases, narrative and random-effects meta-analyses were completed, with pooled effect sizes expressed as Pearson r.

Results
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 11 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses indicated a small but consistent, statistically significant relationship between staff engagement and patient safety (all outcomes; 11 studies; r = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07 to 0.36; n = 30,490) and 2 patient safety outcome categories: patient safety culture (7 studies; r = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.41; n = 27,857) and errors/adverse events (4 studies; r = −0.20; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.13; n = 2633). The specific approach to conceptualizing engagement did not affect the strength of the findings.

Conclusions
This is the first review to demonstrate a significant relationship between engagement and both safety culture scores and errors/adverse events. Despite a limited and evolving evidence base, we cautiously conclude that increasing staff engagement could be an effective means of enhancing patient safety. Further research is needed to determine causality and clarify the nature of the staff engagement/patient safety relationship at individual and unit/workgroup levels.
A Rare Case of Tongue Neoplasia Treated Successfully in a Patient With B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Qiu Xi , Yu Teng , Xu Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Abnormal change on the tongue is a potential complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The exact pathogenesis remains unclear and several risk factors include chemoradiotherapy, infection, graft-versus-host disease, disease relapse, and secondary malignancy. Our case described a 42-year-old woman with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by allo-HSCT 2 months later followed by a rare and atypical tongue neoplasia without oral pain, dysphagia, and dysgeusia. The biopsy was operated which showed granulation tissue with no evidence on typical graft-versus-host disease or malignancy, and no specific infection had been identified. Cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil, which were used for immunosuppression after allo-HSCT accompanying with the rapid growth of the tongue neoplasia, was then replaced by sirolimus. One month later, the patient underwent a complete remission unexpectedly.
The Effects of Intervening With Synonasal Changes on Headaches in Migraine Patients Using Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Ertekin Ayfer , Yasar Murat 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Some anatomical changes might trigger headaches in people who have migraine, and that surgical applications eliminating the structural problems in treatment-resistant migraine patients are effective in pain treatment.

Methods:
A total of 36 patients, who did not respond to different treatment options without aura migraine and chronic migraine that were showing synonasal and anatomical changes in synonasal nasal endoscopy and/or paranasal sinus CT screening, responding insufficiently and/or approximately one year period also did not respond to different treatment options, were included in this study between June 2016 and September 2019.

Results:
The relation between migraine episodes and synonasal symptoms was found to be statistically significant. A significant difference was detected between nasal congestion and obstruction, postnasal discharge, and runny nose in patients with attacks compared to patients without attacks. The difference between mean pain severity values was statistically significant when compared to preoperative values (3.0(3.0∼4.0)) and post-operative values (1.0(0∼1.0)). When the pain severity after the operation (1.0(1.0∼2.75)) was compared with the severity of pain before the operation (5.0 (3.0∼5.0)), it was determined that there was a significant decrease in pain severity in patients diagnosed with chronic migraine, the difference between the mean pain severity values was statistically significant, and the prevalence of pain decreased at a significant level after the operation.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study indicate that the elimination of synonasal structural changes, which were hypothesized to trigger pain in migraine patients, could have a pain-reducing effect on the frequency and severity of the pain.
Chiari Malformation Type 1 and Syringomyelia in a Patient With Prior Surgically-Treated Sagittal Synostosis Effectively Treated With Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Feller Christina N. , Jensen John N. , Lew Sean M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The presenting report describes the use of a posterior cranial vault distraction procedure in resolving a Chiari malformation with associated syringomyelia following a surgically-treated nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Chiari malformations are typically treated with posterior fossa decompression with or without expansion duraplasty. The objective of this report is to describe the effectiveness in resolving both Chiari malformation and secondary syringomyelia with posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. A 5-year-old male, with a history of surgery for sagittal synostosis during infancy, presented with daily severe headaches and dysesthesias in the hands and feet. Imaging demonstrated a copper-beaten calvarium and a Chiari 1 malformation with a 7 mm diameter C4-T1 syrinx. He underwent posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis over 3 months to increase his intracranial volume. The patients’ headaches improved significantly, and his dysesthesias resolved postoperatively. A magnetic resonance imaging performed 7 months after completion of distraction demonstrated resolution of the Chiari malformation and decompression of his syrinx. A computed tomography scan at 9 months postdistraction showed resolution of the copper-beaten calvarium. Patients with a history of craniosynostosis can develop inadequate cranial volume over time due to abnormal skull growth, leading to secondary Chiari malformation with or without syringomyelia. Posterior vault distraction is an effective strategy to address these conditions and can be employed later in childhood to treat the underlying pathology. The mechanism potentially expands both calvarium and dura, which in turn addresses both the Chiari malformation and secondary syringomyelia.
Potential Complications With Cryopreserved Cadaveric Veins in Arteriovenous Loop Formation for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Authors: Anderson Spencer R. , Harrison Lucas M. , Garret Candase C. , Wimalawansa Sunishka M. , Kadakia Sameep P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Vessel depletion in the head and neck from radiation or previous surgical intervention adds to the operative complexity by limiting reconstructive options. Arteriovenous (AV) loop vascular grafts provide a conduit to bypass these nonviable local vessels to provide adequate blood flow. In certain situations, autologous donor vascular options are deficient or not readily available for creation of the AV loop. Cadaveric vein grafts provide an alternative option in these circumstances, but the efficacy and safety has not yet been delineated. In this study we discuss our experience utilizing cryopreserved cadaveric vein grafts for AV loop creation in head and neck reconstruction. In our initial cohort we aim to elucidate potential challenges and complications associated with the use of cadaveric vein grafts.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Simulator Training
Authors: Jujo Satoshi , Nakahira Atsushi , Kataoka Yuki , Banno Masahiro , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Tsujimoto Hiraku , Oikawa Sayaka , Matsui Hiroki , Berg Benjamin W. 
Published: January 2021

Summary Statement
We aimed to assess the learning effects of novice transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) simulator training and to identify gaps in existing studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the learning effects of novice TEE training with versus without simulators, searching published articles and proceedings in 6 major databases in June 2019. We included 9 RCTs (268 participants). Compared with nonsimulator training, TEE simulator training resulted in higher skill and knowledge posttraining test scores with large effect sizes (standardized mean difference = 0.81 for skill, 1.61 for knowledge; low-certainty evidence) and higher training satisfaction with a small effect size (standardized mean difference = 0.36; very low-certainty evidence). No RCTs reported training budget or patient outcomes. Additional well-designed studies with low risk of bias and large sample sizes are needed to provide reliable and robust findings and develop more effective TEE simulation-based training curricula.
Life-Saving Procedures Performed While Wearing CBRNe Personal Protective Equipment
Authors: Mormando Giulia , Paganini Matteo , Alexopoulos Chiara , Savino Sandro , Bortoli Nicola , Pomiato Daniele , Graziano Alessandro , Navalesi Paolo , Fabris Fabrizio 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear-explosive (CBRNe) are complex events. Decontamination is mandatory to avoid harm and contain hazardous materials, but can delay care. Therefore, the stabilization of patients in the warm zone seems reasonable, but research is limited. Moreover, subjects involved in biological events are considered infectious even after decontamination and need to be managed while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), as seen with Ebola and COVID-19 pandemic. With this simulation mannequin trial, we assessed the impact of CBRNe PPE on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and combat casualty care procedures.

Methods
We compared procedures performed by emergency medicine and anesthesiology senior residents, randomized in 2 groups (CBRNe PPE vs. no PPE). Chest compression (CC) depth was defined as the primary outcome. Time to completion was calculated for the following: tourniquet application; tension pneumothorax needle decompression; peripheral venous access (PVA) and intraosseous access positioning; and drug preparation and administration. A questionnaire was delivered to evaluate participants' perception.

Results
Thirty-six residents participated. No significant difference between the groups in CC depth (mean difference = 0.26 cm [95% confidence interval = −0.26 to 0.77 cm, P = 0.318]), as well as for CC rate, CC complete release, and time for drugs preparation and administration was detected. The PPE contributed to significantly higher times for tourniquet application, tension pneumothorax decompression, peripheral venous access, and intraosseous access positioning. The residents found simulation relevant to the residencies' core curriculum.

Conclusions
This study suggests that cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed while wearing PPE without impacting quality, whereas other tasks requiring higher dexterity can be significantly impaired by PPE.
Trial Registration Number: NCT04367454, April 29, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Association of HHV-6 With Outcomes in CMV-seronegative Liver Transplant Recipients With CMV-seropositive Donors Receiving Preemptive Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Singh Nina , Winston Drew J. , Razonable Raymund R. , Lyon G. Marshall , Huang Meei-Li , Jerome Keith R. , Silveira Fernanda P. , Wagener Marilyn M. , Limaye Ajit P. 
Published: January 2021

Background.
Risk factors, virological parameters, and outcomes associated with HHV-6 viremia in high-risk donor CMV-seropositive and recipient CMV-seronegative (D+R–) liver transplant recipients in the current era are incompletely defined.

Methods.
The study population consisted of patients in the preemptive therapy (PET) arm of a randomized, controlled trial of PET versus valganciclovir prophylaxis for CMV prevention in D+R– liver transplant recipients. Weekly blood samples through 100 d in the PET group were tested for HHV-6 viremia using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Assessments included virological characteristics and relationship with CMV, risk factors, and impact of HHV-6 viremia with outcomes through 12 mo posttransplant.

Results.
HHV-6 viremia at any level developed in 42% (40 of 96). Older patient age (P = 0.03), longer hospitalization (P = 0.015), and ICU stay at transplantation (P = 0.029) were significantly associated with high-grade viremia. Concurrent HHV-6 and CMV viremia was associated with earlier onset of HHV-6 viremia (P = 0.004), higher HHV-6 area under the curve (P = 0.043), and higher peak HHV-6 viral load (P = 0.006) versus HHV-6 viremia alone. High-grade viremia was independently associated with biopsy-proven rejection within 12 mo (P = 0.045) posttransplant.

Conclusions.
Among D+R– liver transplant recipients receiving valganciclovir as PET, high-grade HHV-6 viremia was associated with increased age and critical illness in ICU at time of transplant and was independently associated with allograft rejection.