bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of conventional and enhanced‐efficiency nitrogen fertilizers on potato tuber mineral composition and marketability
Authors: Souza Emerson F C , Soratto Rogério P , Fernandes Adalton M , Gupta Sanjay K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato is an essential crop for global food security, and its cultivation requires a significant amount of readily available nitrogen (N) to ensure tuber quality. Therefore, managing N with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers becomes a potential strategy to meet the seasonal potato N demand. A 3 site‐years (SYs) study was conducted to assess the marketable attributes and mineral composition of table‐stock potato in response to N rates and fertilizers urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) with nitrification inhibitor dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP).RESULTSAt 75% of recommended N rate (RNR), ammonium sulfate and ASN+DMPP ensured marketable tuber yields equivalent to that observed at 100% of RNR. Urea promoted greater tuber K and Mg concentrations than ammonium sulfate and ASN+DMPP. Although inconsistent across SYs, ASN+DMPP generally reduced starch and reducing sugars contents and increased pulp pH and protein content than other fertilizers. Increasing N rates from 50% up to 75% and 100% of RNR increased marketable tuber yields and protein content, whereas soluble solids increased from 50% to 100% of RNR. Conversely, increasing N rates from zero to 75% of RNR reduced tuber firmness, whereas N application reduced tuber P concentration, regardless of N rates.CONCLUSIONAlthough ASN+DMPP showed potential for increasing marketable tuber yield and protein content, potatoes receiving ammonium sulfate and ASN+DMPP lowered tuber K and Mg concentrations compared to those receiving urea. Overall, potato tuber quality improvements are N source‐specific, demanding strategies under which these fertilizers can ensure/improve tuber nutritional composition along with size quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intervention of 4% salmon phospholipid on metabolic syndrome in mice based on colonic lipidomics analysis
Authors: Cao Hui , Chen Shu‐Fen , Wang Zi‐Chen , Dong Xin‐Jie , Wang Ran‐Ran , Lin Hong , Wang Qi , Zhao Xiu‐Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in salmon (Oncorhynchus) phospholipids can effectively reduce the risk of MetS.RESULTSUnder the intervention of 4% salmon phospholipid, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were significantly reduced in the plasma of MetS mice, whereas adiponectin was significantly increased. By screening, we found that the 18 differential metabolites, consisting of seven triglycerides (TGs), six diglycerides (DGs), one phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), three sphingomyelins (SMs) and one eicosanoid, could be the key differential metabolites, and two metabolic pathways were significantly affected: glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism.CONCLUSION4% salmon phospholipids could affect MetS by inhibiting insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory factors and promoting the synthesis of PE, yet the mechanism required further study. Our results could help in the treatment of MetS. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Directional Coupling of Emitters into Waveguides: A Symmetry Perspective
Authors: Lamprianidis Aristeidis G. , Zambrana‐Puyalto Xavier , Rockstuhl Carsten , Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent experiments demonstrate strongly directional coupling of light into waveguide modes. Here, the symmetry mechanisms behind this effect are studied, and it is shown that the analysis of the symmetries and symmetry‐breakings of the emitter‐waveguide system allows to qualitatively understand directional coupling in several situations. The authors consider emitters either centered in a median plane of the waveguide, or displaced from it, and whose emissions have a well‐defined angular momentum in either one of the two different axis typically chosen experimentally, which are called transverse and vertical. These insights are matched by simulations, and previous experimental measurements. It is shown that handedness plays a secondary role in directional coupling. The spin‐momentum locking concept is generalized to an exponentially strong locking between the transverse angular momentum and the preferential coupling direction. A new selection rule is obtained that controls the coupling of electric(magnetic) multipolar emissions into waveguide modes. An experiment is proposed featuring a transverse magnetic bias that aggregates the directional emissions from many quantum dots on top of waveguides, in contrast to the typically used vertical bias, which effectively restricts experiments to using a single quantum dot. Finally, the Huygens' dipole is analyzed and the symmetries that enable its directional behavior revealed.
Proton density water fraction as a reproducible MR‐based measurement of breast density
Authors: Henze Bancroft Leah C. , Strigel Roberta M. , Macdonald Erin B. , Longhurst Colin , Johnson Jacob , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo introduce proton density water fraction (PDWF) as a confounder‐corrected (CC) MR‐based biomarker of mammographic breast density, a known risk factor for breast cancer.MethodsChemical shift encoded (CSE) MR images were acquired using a low flip angle to provide proton density contrast from multiple echo times. Fat and water images, corrected for known biases, were produced by a six‐echo CC CSE‐MRI algorithm. Fibroglandular tissue (FGT) volume was calculated from whole‐breast segmented PDWF maps at 1.5T and 3T. The method was evaluated in (1) a physical fat‐water phantom and (2) normal volunteers. Results from two‐ and three‐echo CSE‐MRI methods were included for comparison.ResultsSix‐echo CC‐CSE‐MRI produced unbiased estimates of the total water volume in the phantom (mean bias 3.3%) and was reproducible across protocol changes (repeatability coefficient [RC] = 14.8 cm3 and 13.97 cm3 at 1.5T and 3.0T, respectively) and field strengths (RC = 51.7 cm3) in volunteers, while the two‐ and three‐echo CSE‐MRI approaches produced biased results in phantoms (mean bias 30.7% and 10.4%) that was less reproducible across field strengths in volunteers (RC = 82.3 cm3 and 126.3 cm3). Significant differences in measured FGT volume were found between the six‐echo CC‐CSE‐MRI and the two‐ and three‐echo CSE‐MRI approaches (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe use of six‐echo CC‐CSE‐MRI to create unbiased PDWF maps that reproducibly quantify FGT in the breast is demonstrated. Further studies are needed to correlate this quantitative MR biomarker for breast density with mammography and overall risk for breast cancer.
Self‐gated 3D stack‐of‐spirals UTE pulmonary imaging at 0.55T
Authors: Javed Ahsan , Ramasawmy Rajiv , O’Brien Kendall , Mancini Christine , Su Pan , Majeed Waqas , Benkert Thomas , Bhat Himanshu , Suffredini Anthony F. , Malayeri Ashkan , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo develop an isotropic high‐resolution stack‐of‐spirals UTE sequence for pulmonary imaging at 0.55 Tesla by leveraging a combination of robust respiratory‐binning, trajectory correction, and concomitant‐field corrections.MethodsA stack‐of‐spirals golden‐angle UTE sequence was used to continuously acquire data for 15.5 minutes. The data was binned to a stable respiratory phase based on superoinferior readout self‐navigator signals. Corrections for trajectory errors and concomitant field artifacts, along with image reconstruction with conjugate gradient SENSE, were performed inline within the Gadgetron framework. Finally, data were retrospectively reconstructed to simulate scan times of 5, 8.5, and 12 minutes. Image quality was assessed using signal‐to‐noise, image sharpness, and qualitative reader scores. The technique was evaluated in healthy volunteers, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, and patients with lung nodules.ResultsThe technique provided diagnostic quality images with parenchymal lung SNR of 3.18 ± 0.0.60, 4.57 ± 0.87, 5.45 ± 1.02, and 5.89 ± 1.28 for scan times of 5, 8.5, 12, and 15.5 minutes, respectively. The respiratory binning technique resulted in significantly sharper images (p < 0.001) as measured with relative maximum derivative at the diaphragm. Concomitant field corrections visibly improved sharpness of anatomical structures away from iso‐center. The image quality was maintained with a slight loss in SNR for simulated scan times down to 8.5 minutes. Inline image reconstruction and artifact correction were achieved in <5 minutes.ConclusionThe proposed pulmonary imaging technique combined efficient stack‐of‐spirals imaging with robust respiratory binning, concomitant field correction, and trajectory correction to generate diagnostic quality images with 1.75 mm isotropic resolution in 8.5 minutes on a high‐performance 0.55 Tesla system.
A semi‐elliptical surface compound diffusion model for synchronous grouting filling stage in specially shaped shield tunnelling
Authors: Li Peinan , Liu Jun , Shi Lai , Zhai Yixin , Huang Dezhong , Fan Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn constructing super‐large section shield tunnels, it is difficult to guarantee the filling efficiency and uniformity of grouting behind the segments. Studies on grout diffusion models often simplify the grout filling process, leading to inaccurate results, especially for shield tail void with special noncircular profiles. This paper presents a theoretical study on the grout filling diffusion mechanism and its mechanical behaviour, with a particular focus on the grout actual motion process at the synchronous grouting filling stage when the shield is advancing. A semi‐elliptical surface compound diffusion model without the predetermined flowing passage was developed, and this model was used to derive the grout filling pressure and diffusion distance formulas. To address the time‐varying diffusion surface and irregular integral region issues in derived equations, a stepwise solution algorithm based on the spatiotemporal discretisation operation was proposed. Finally, the grout pressure distribution patterns and some critical influence factors were analysed using a case study in the soft silty clay area to compare the presence and absence of circumferential‐longitudinal correlations in the grout filling diffusion process. The results show that the diffusion mechanical behaviour and force transmission significantly affected the total and per‐unit‐area grout pressures, and the proposed theoretical model is more consistent with the field‐measured data. The local trend and fluctuation characteristics of grout filling pressure are clearly different from those of a circular tunnel. The grout filling diffusion mechanism was determined to be the main cause of pressure distribution changes under the premise of a certain initial grouting pressure.
Evaluation of SIMESON, a training program to improve access to quality health care for pregnant women and newborn in different healthcare facilities of northern Bangladesh
Authors: Das Rina , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Sultana Zakia , Mukherji Kallol , Baayo Adnan , Sultana Marufa , Ali Nausad , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque ASG 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe study aims to explore the current knowledge and skills of healthcare providers already trained by SIMESON (simulation for essential skills for obstetrical and neonatal care), in reviewing perinatal health situations including current status of healthcare facilities and cost estimation.DesignIt was an observational study.MethodsCost estimation following both quantitative and qualitative approaches was also attempted.ResultKnowledge and skills of 88 healthcare providers about the provision of normal delivery and immediate postpartum care, management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), retained placenta and use of bag and mask ventilation to help a baby breathe were found to be considerably strengthened following SIMESON training. During the 6 months after training, there were 477 PPH cases managed successfully with only one death; neonatal deaths observed were 6.6/1,000 live births; twice the number of facility deliveries; and 80% use rate of Ambu bag for helping baby breathe. The estimated cost per trainee was 395.68 USD, and 5.85 USD per beneficiary.
Rh(II)‐mediated one‐pot synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran and spiro[2.5]oct‐1‐ene: Experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Mazharol , Bari Md. Abdul , Khan Md. Wahab 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study represents an experimental and computational approach to investigate the rhodium‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran‐4‐one (DBF) and spiro[2.5]oct‐1‐ene (SOE) derivatives. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at B3LYP and M06‐2X level theory. For mechanistic studies, the calculation employing B3LYP/GenECP/LanL2DZ/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory demonstrated that a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between diazo compound and phenylacetylene (PhA) proceeds through a two‐step mechanism via a barrierless and highly exergonic process with relative free energy 73.61 kcal/mol to yield the kinetically favored DBF derivatives (50%–62.5%). In contrast, the assemble of SOE derivatives follows [2 + 1] cycloaddition between in situ generated cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione carbene‐2 and PhA, with the potential energy barrier 4.41 kJ/mol. Thermochemistry calculation disclosed that the cycloaddition reactions are spontaneous, and DBF (6a) is thermodynamically more stable than its constitutional isomer SOE (7a) by 42.59 kcal/mol. However, natural bond orbital (NBO), HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (4.62–4.89 eV), dipole moments, polarizability, first‐order hyperpolarizability, and global reactivity descriptors were calculated to understand products' structural features. Additionally, Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF94), followed by the B3LYP level of theory, was applied to predict the relative stability for the various conformations of 6b and 7b. The Boltzmann weighted average 1H chemical shift computed by GIAO‐B3LYP/6‐311+(2d,p) method and UV‐Vis absorption calculated using time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) agree with experimental results. Finally, the synthesis of DBF and SOE derivatives is herein illustrated.
Older cancer survivors living with financial hardship in China: A qualitative study of family perspectives
Authors: Su Mingzhu , Yao Nengliang , Liu Li , Cheng Joyce , Sun Xiaojie , Yue Hanlin , Zhang Jiajun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveFinancial hardship among older cancer survivors has not been well‐studied, despite its debilitating effects on their health and well‐being. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of Chinese older cancer survivors who have experienced financial hardship following a cancer diagnosis.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted. Data was collected using in‐depth interviews with 21 older cancer survivors (aged ≥ 60) with financial hardship and 20 family caregivers in Shandong Province, China between August 2020 and January 2021. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.ResultsFour main themes emerged: (1) older survivors have insufficient ability to address cancer‐related costs; (2) financial transfers from adult children to older parents became prevalent after a cancer diagnosis; (3) cancer‐related financial worries and stress extended into children's families; (4) coping and adjustment strategies were used by the extended family. Traditional Confucian culture and the Chinese health care system considerably impacted the interpretation of financial hardship.ConclusionBoth older cancer survivors and their adult children experienced financial distress impacted by filial piety in China. Strategies adapted to Confucian family values and the health care system are needed to address cancer‐related financial hardships.
Optimal structure determination from sub‐optimal diffraction data
Authors: Minor Wladek , Cymborowski Marcin , Borek Dominika , Cooper David R. , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Otwinowski Zbyszek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein we present the newest version of the HKL‐3000 system that integrates data collection, data reduction, phasing, model building, refinement, and validation. The system significantly accelerates the process of structure determination and has proven its high value for the determination of very high‐quality structures. The heuristic for choosing the best approach for every step of structure determination for various quality samples and diffraction data has been optimized. The latest modifications increase the likelihood of a successful structure determination with challenging data. The HKL‐3000 is a successor of HKL and HKL‐2000 programs. The use of the HKL family of programs has been reported for over 73,000 PDB deposits, that is, almost 50% of macromolecular structures determined with X‐ray diffraction.
CeO2‐TiO2 Hybid‐Nanotubes with Tunable Oxygen Vacancies as the Support to Confine Pt Nanoparticles for the Low‐Temperature Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Li Xiangnan , Li Juan , Du Yubing , Peng Quanming , Wu Liangpeng , Xinjun  , Li  
Published: November 2021

AbstractReducible oxides as supports have been demonstrated to improve the activity of Pt catalysts towards water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction. The Pt species anchored by the oxygen vacancies derived from these supports play as catalytic sites during low‐temperature WGS reaction. Herein, we introduced CeO2 to modify TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2NT) and prepared CeO2‐TiO2 hybid‐nanotubes ((CeO2)x(TiO2)1‐xNT, x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6) to confine Pt nanoparticles (NPs) as the efficient catalysts for the low‐temperature WGS reaction. Pt NPs confined in (CeO2)x(TiO2)1‐xNT catalysts exhibit higher WGS activity than that of the Pt NPs entrapped in pure TiO2NT (Pt‐in‐TiO2NT) and Pt/CeO2 catalysts throughout the entire reaction temperature range. Activity measurements coupled with the physicochemical characterization of catalysts suggest that the redox ability of PtOx species is positive correlated with WGS activity and oxygen vacancy adjacent to Pt (Pt‐Ov) serves as the active site for H2O dissociation and CO oxidation in WGS reaction.
Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Carboxylation of Aryl Boronic Acid with CO2
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yang MiLi , Li YuQin , Li DingBang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient method for the carboxylation of CO2 with aryl boronic acid compounds under normal pressure has been developed. This method uses cheap Cu(I) as a catalyst and exhibits a good functional group tolerance. All substrates substituted by both electron‐withdrawing functional groups (carbonyl, ester, nitro, etc.) and electron‐donating groups (alkoxy, amide, phenyl, etc.) could give corresponding products in the satisfying yields.
Chiral Polyureas Derived Cinchona Alkaloids: Highly Efficient Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction
Authors: Abdelkawy Mahmoud A. , Davin Christopher , Aly El‐Saied A. , El‐Badawi Mahmoud A. , Itsuno Shinichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRepetitive Mizoroki‐Heck (MH) coupling polymerization was used to create novel chiral polyureas with cinchona alkaloids in the main chain. Apart from two‐component polycondensation of cinchona urea dimers with diiodobenzene via MH reaction conditions, some chiral polyureas were easily polymerized under self polycondensation to yield the chiral polymers. The asymmetric Michael addition reaction was successfully carried out using chiral polymers derived cinchona urea. Interestingly, phenolic‐based chiral polymers served as heterogeneous catalysts for the enantioselective Michael reaction, with high catalytic activity and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). These polymeric catalysts were also stable, and they could be recycled and reused.
Study of the Secondary Heteroatoms Doping on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon and Their Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance Evaluation
Authors: Duraisamy Velu , Kumar Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dual heteroatom doped mesoporous carbon (MC) is an excellent substitute for platinum‐based catalyst in cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells. In this work, nitrogen (N) as the primary heteroatom doping, phosphorus (P), boron (B), and sulfur (S) as the secondary heteroatom doping are introduced in the MC framework. Santa barbara amorphous (SBA‐15) employed as the supporting material to investigate the secondary heteroatom doping effect on MC towards ORR performance. Compared with B and S doping, the P doping modifies the charge delocalization in the MC structure. In addition, it enhances the surface area (971 m2/g), defect sites (1.18), high pyridinic (28.72 %) and high graphitic content (44.42 %) thereby facilitated the remarkable ORR activity. Moreover, electrochemical studies proved that N and P dual doped mesoporous carbon (NPMC) has a better carrier concentration (5.58×1015 cm−3) and higher flat band potential (0.548 V vs RHE) which is confirmed by the Mott‐Schottky analysis. Further, ORR studies demonstrated that NPMC material exhibited more positive onset potential (0.86 V), two‐electron pathway, lower Tafel slope (63 mV/dec) as well as Rct (11 Ω/cm2). In addition, the resultant material is found to be highly active towards ORR with excellent methanol tolerance and stability.
Edge‐Mediated Annihilation of Vacancy Clusters in Monolayer Molybdenum Diselenide (MoSe2) under Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Wen Jianguo , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnnihilation of vacancy clusters in monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) under electron beam irradiation is reported. In situ high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy observation reveals that the annihilation is achieved by diffusion of vacancies to the free edge near the vacancy clusters. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that it is energetically favorable for the vacancies to locate at the free edge. By computing the minimum energy path for the annihilation of one vacancy cluster as a case study, it is further shown that electron beam irradiation and pre‐stress in the suspended MoSe2 monolayer are necessary for the vacancies to overcome the energy barriers for diffusion. The findings suggest a new mechanism of vacancy healing in 2D materials and broaden the capability of electron beam for defect engineering of 2D materials, a promising way of tuning their properties for engineering applications.
On the plastic design of high‐strength steel beams
Authors: Bartsch Helen , Eyben Felix , Schaffrath Simon , Feldmann Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParticularly efficient steel components can be designed by performing a plastic global analysis of a structure made of high‐strength steel (HSS) as well. However, plastic design of HSS structures is not embodied in current standards, which is why a broad research study was carried out to address different aspects of the use of HSS for plastic design. This paper deals with verified numerical investigations of the rotation capacity of HSS I‐girders considering realistic true stress‐strain curves, local plastic instability and damage mechanics approaches to predict ductile crack initiation. Various influences on the rotation capacity of HSS beams were assessed by varying flange and web slenderness ratios, material characteristics, system dimensions, stiffness of lateral supports and loading conditions so that recommendations for the plastic design of HSS girders can be given. It is apparent that, apart from the slenderness of the flange and the material properties, the slenderness of the web is one of the main influencing characteristics. The results show that the plastic design of HSS structures is possible when limits for cross‐section class 1 are more severe for HSS grades over S460 up to S690 compared with the current limits in EN 1993‐1‐1.