bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic Self‐Assembly of Pearl‐Like‐Chains of Magnetic Colloids Confined at Fluid Interfaces
Authors: Martínez‐Pedrero Fernando , González‐Banciella Andrés , Camino Alba , Mateos‐Maroto Ana , Ortega Francisco , Rubio Ramón G. , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Calero Carles 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMagnetic colloids adsorbed at a fluid interface are unique model systems to understand self‐assembly in confined environments, both in equilibrium and out of equilibrium, with important potential applications. In this work the pearl‐chain‐like self‐assembled structures of superparamagnetic colloids confined to a fluid–fluid interface under static and time‐dependent actuations are investigated. On the one hand, it is found that the structures generated by static fields transform as the tilt angle of the field with the interface is increased, from 2D crystals to separated pearl‐chains in a process that occurs through a controllable and reversible zip‐like thermally activated mechanism. On the other hand, the actuation with precessing fields about the axis perpendicular to the interface induces dynamic self‐assembled structures with no counterpart in non‐confined systems, generated by the interplay of averaged magnetic interactions, interfacial forces, and hydrodynamics. Finally, how these dynamic structures can be used as remotely activated roller conveyors, able to transport passive colloidal cargos at fluid interfaces and generate parallel viscous flows is shown. The latter can be used in the mixture of adsorbed molecules and the acceleration of surface‐chemical reactions, overcoming diffusion limitations.
Quasi‐Ionic Liquid Enabling Single‐Phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐Based Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||Li Batteries with Rigid‐Flexible Coupling Interphase
Authors: Xu Fanglin , Deng Shungui , Guo Qingya , Zhou Dong , Yao Xiayin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based polymer electrolytes are being intensely investigated for solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, phase separation and porous structures are still pronounced issues in traditional preparing procedure. Herein, a bottom‐to‐up strategy is employed to design single‐phase and densified polymer electrolytes via incorporating quasi‐ionic liquid with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene). Due to strong ion/dipole–dipole interaction, the optimized polymer electrolyte delivers high room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.55 × 10−3 S cm−1, superior thermal and oxidation stability of 4.97 V, excellent stretchability of over 1500% and toughness of 43 MJ cm−3 as well as desirable self‐extinguishing ability. Furthermore, the superb compatibility toward Li anode enables over 3000 h cycling of Li plating/stripping and ≈98% Coulombic efficiency in Li||Cu test at 0.1 mA cm−2. In particular, lithium metal battery Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 exhibits a room‐temperature discharge retention rate of 96% after 500 cycles under a rate of 0.1 C, which is associated with the rigid‐flexible coupling electrodes/electrolytes interphase. This investigation demonstrates the potential application of quasi‐ionic liquid/polymer electrolytes in safe lithium metal batteries.
Layer‐By‐Layer Printing Strategy for High‐Performance Flexible Electronic Devices with Low‐Temperature Catalyzed Solution‐Processed SiO2
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Gao Tianqi , Li Xiaomeng , Li Wanli , Li Xiaoqian , Sakamoto Kenji , Wang Yong , Li Lingying , Kanehara Masayuki , Liu Chuan , Pang Xinchang , Liu Xuying , Zhao Jianwen , Minari Takeo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdditive printing techniques have been widely investigated for fabricating multilayered electronic devices. In this work, a layer‐by‐layer printing strategy is developed to fabricate multilayered electronics including 3D conductive circuits and thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with low‐temperature catalyzed, solution‐processed SiO2 (LCSS) as the dielectric. Ultrafine, ultrasmooth LCSS films can be facilely formed at 90 °C on a wide variety of organic and inorganic substrates, offering a versatile platform to construct complex heterojunction structures with layer‐by‐layer fashion at microscale. The high‐resolution 3D conductive circuits formed with gold nanoparticles inside the LCSS dielectric demonstrate a high‐speed response to the transient voltage in less than 1 µs. The TFTs with semiconducting single‐wall carbon nanotubes can be operated with the accumulation mode at a low voltage of 1 V and exhibit average field‐effect mobility of 70 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio of 107, small average hysteresis of 0.1 V, and high yield up to 100% as well as long‐term stability, high negative‐gate bias stability, and good mechanical stability. Therefore, the layer‐by‐layer printing strategy with the LCSS film is promising to assemble large‐scale, high‐resolution, and high‐performance flexible electronics and to provide a fundamental understanding for correlating dielectric properties with device performance.
Geoenvironmental evaluation of toxic metals in the sediments of Araromi coastal area, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Olusiji Samuel , Madukwe Henry Yemagu , Adelodun Adedeji Adebukola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo assess the vulnerability of Araromi residents to toxic (trace) metal pollution, we estimated the ecological risk of the sediments in the coastal area. The concentration of the metals (ppm) followed the trend: Fe (16,265–90,512) > Mn (116.3–1657) > Zn (16.5–338) > Cu (2.62–75.5) > Cr (4.5–29.25) > Pb (2–104.5) > Co (2.5–26) > Ni (1.45–22.75) > Cd (0.0015–1.5). Sediments from Oke Siri‐2, Idi Gbengben‐1, Oke Meji, Idi Gbengben‐3, and Ola Baba evidenced significant or extremely high enrichments. The degree of pollution of the trace metal was Pb > Cd > Zn > Fe > Mn > Co > Cu > Cr > Ni. Furthermore, the derived geoaccumulation index and contamination factor revealed that Pb, Cd, and Zn exhibited low‐high pollution levels. In contrast, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Co showed zero potential for ecological risks. The hazard index suggested that children and adults were not susceptible to any potential carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects. Also, the consensus‐based sediment quality guidelines revealed no adverse effects caused by toxic metals as the metals have values below the probable effect concentrations.
Emerging strategies of activatable MR imaging probes and their advantages for biomedical applications
Authors: Jin Xiao , Yang Weitao , Xu Yan , Bian Kexin , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable diagnostic tool as it is a noninvasive technique that offers high spatial resolution. The use of contrast agents (CAs) can enhance the precision and specificity of MRI for disease diagnosis, but their imaging signals are “always on” regardless of whether they interact with target tissues or cells. Hence, a poor target‐to‐background signal ratio (TBR) is inevitably produced. In contrast, activatable CAs with high performance have been used to significantly improve the TBR, thus these CAs have also received extensive attention and undergone in‐depth research. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in design strategies and principles of activatable MR CAs, including ion conversion, self‐assembly, and disassembly. Additionally, we analyzed the advantages of these strategies in biomedical applications from in vitro biodetection to in vivo disease diagnosis compared to the outcomes of conventional MR CAs. Finally, we discussed the potential limitations, proposed solutions, and future perspectives of these activatable CAs.
Dimensionality effects in high‐performance thermoelectric materials: Computational and experimental progress in energy harvesting applications
Authors: Singh Deobrat , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials can be used in the conversion of heat to electricity and vice versa, which can enhance the efficiency of the fuel, in addition to supplying solid alternative energy in several applications in accumulating waste heat and, as a result, help to find new energy sources. Considering the current environment as well as the energy crisis, the TE modules are a need of the future. The present review focuses on the new strategies and approaches to achieve high‐performance TE materials including materials improvement, structures, and geometry improvement and their applications. Controlling the carrier concentration and the band structures of materials is an effective way to optimize the electrical transport properties, while engineered nanostructures and engineering defects can immensely decrease the thermal conductivity and significantly improved the power factor. The present review gives a better understanding of how the theory is affecting the TE field.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**
Authors: Agrawal Jai Prakash , Dodke Vishal S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh Energy Materials (HEMs) is a generic/umbrella term which is used for explosives, propellants & pyrotechnics and form an integral part of almost all weapon systems. A large number of HEMs have been reported in the literature in last few decades. This review paper discusses these HEMs in the light of a new classification of explosives proposed by Agrawal: Thermally stable or Heat‐resistant explosives, High performance (high density & high velocity of detonation) explosives, Melt‐Castable explosives, Insensitive high explosives (IHEs), Energetic binders & plasticizers and Novel energetic materials synthesized with the use of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) technology. This review also critically examines these HEMs from the angles of scalability, processability, safety, reliability and performance in order to ascertain their potential for applications. In the end, problems associated with the use of currently available energetic materials & their likely solutions and areas for further research are also highlighted.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 QED in 2 + 1 dimensions: dualities and enhanced symmetries
Authors: Benini Francesco , Benvenuti Sergio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider three-dimensional sQED with 2 flavors and minimal supersymmetry. We discuss various models which are dual to Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theories. The U(2) ultraviolet global symmetry is often enhanced in the infrared, for instance to O(4) or SU(3). This is analogous to the conjectured behaviour of non-supersymmetric QED with 2 flavors. A perturbative analysis of the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models in the D = 4 − ε expansion shows that the U(2) preserving superpotential deformations of the sQED (mod- ulo tuning mass terms to zero) are irrelevant, therefore the fixed points with enhanced symmetry are stable. We also construct an example of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sQED with 4 flavors that exhibits enhanced SO(6) symmetry.
Dynamical tadpoles and Weak Gravity Constraints
Authors: Mininno Alessandro , Uranga Angel M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Non-supersymmetric string models are plagued with tadpoles for dynamical fields, which signal uncanceled forces sourced by the vacuum. We argue that in certain cases, uncanceled dynamical tadpoles can lead to inconsistencies with quantum gravity, via violation of swampland constraints. We describe an explicit realization in a supersymmetric toroidal Z2 × Z2 orientifold with D7-branes, where the dynamical tadpole generated by displacement of the D7-branes off its minimum leads to violation of the axion Weak Gravity Conjecture. In these examples, cancellation of dynamical tadpoles provides consistency conditions for the configuration, of dynamical nature (as opposed to the topological conditions of topological tadpoles, such as RR tadpole cancellation in compact spaces). We show that this approach provides a re-derivation of the Z-minimization criterion for AdS vacua giving the gravitational dual of a-maximization in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 toric quiver SCFTs.
Leading nonlinear tidal effects and scattering amplitudes
Authors: Bern Zvi , Parra-Martinez Julio , Roiban Radu , Sawyer Eric , Shen Chia-Hsien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the two-body Hamiltonian and associated eikonal phase, to leading post-Minkowskian order, for infinitely many tidal deformations described by operators with arbitrary powers of the curvature tensor. Scattering amplitudes in momentum and position space provide systematic complementary approaches. For the tidal operators quadratic in curvature, which describe the linear response to an external gravitational field, we work out the leading post-Minkowskian contributions using a basis of operators with arbitrary numbers of derivatives which are in one-to-one correspondence with the worldline multipole operators. Explicit examples are used to show that the same techniques apply to both bodies interacting tidally with a spinning particle, for which we find the leading contributions from quadratic in curvature tidal operators with an arbitrary number of derivatives, and to effective field theory extensions of general relativity. We also note that the leading post-Minkowskian order contributions from higher-dimension operators manifest double-copy relations. Finally, we comment on the structure of higher-order corrections.
Phase diagram of the charged black hole bomb system
Authors: Davey Alex , Dias Oscar J. C. , Rodgers Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe find the phase diagram of solutions of the charged black hole bomb system. In particular, we find the static hairy black holes of Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar theory confined in a Minkowski box. We impose boundary conditions such that the scalar field vanishes at and outside a cavity of constant radius. These hairy black holes are asymptotically flat with a scalar condensate floating above the horizon. We identify four critical scalar charges which mark significant changes in the qualitative features of the phase diagram. When they coexist, hairy black holes always have higher entropy than the Reissner-Nordström black hole with the same quasilocal mass and charge. So hairy black holes are natural candidates for the endpoint of the superradiant/near-horizon instabilities of the black hole bomb system. We also relate hairy black holes to the boson stars of the theory. When it has a zero horizon radius limit, the hairy black hole family terminates on the boson star family. Finally, we find the Israel surface tensor of the box required to confine the scalar condensate and that it can obey suitable energy conditions.
Neutrino beam-dump experiment with FASER at the LHC
Authors: Jodłowski Krzysztof , Trojanowski Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The neutrino physics program at the LHC, which will soon be initiated by the FASER experiment, will provide unique opportunities for precision studies of neutrino interaction vertices at high energies. This will also open up the possibility to search for beyond the standard model (BSM) particles produced in such interactions in the specific high-energy neutrino beam-dump experiment. In this study, we illustrate the prospects for such searches in models with the dipole or Z′ portal to GeV-scale heavy neutral leptons. To this end, we employ both the standard signature of new physics that consists of a pair of oppositely-charged tracks appearing in the decay vessel, and the additional types of searches. These include high-energy photons and single scattered electrons. We show that such a variety of experimental signatures could significantly extend the sensitivity reach of the future multi-purpose FASER 2 detector during the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC.
Pomeranchuk instabilities in holographic metals
Authors: Giordano Gastón , Grandi Nicolás , Lugo Adrián 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We develop a method to detect instabilities leading to nematic phases in strongly coupled metallic systems. We do so by adapting the well-known Pomeranchuk technique to a weakly coupled system of fermions in a curved asymptotically AdS bulk. The resulting unstable modes are interpreted as corresponding to instabilities on the dual strongly coupled holographic metal. We apply our technique to a relativistic 3 + 1-dimensional bulk with generic quartic fermionic couplings, and explore the phase diagram at zero temperature for finite values of the fermion mass and chemical potential, varying the couplings. We find a wide region of parameters where the system is stable, which is simply connected and localized around the origin of coupling space.
Osteopontin and Transplantation: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Kaleta Beata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrgan transplantation represents the optimal therapeutic tool for patients with end-stage organ failure. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is likewise an effective therapy for a wide range of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Better understanding of transplantation immunology and the use of multi-modal immunosuppression protocols, can decrease the risk of graft failure and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HSCT. Nevertheless, a major challenge of modern transplantology still seems to be finding non-invasive biomarkers for recipients selection, monitoring of allograft function, and diagnosis of rejection. Since proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) is closely involved in regulating both adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, it is likely to play an important role in organ and HSC transplantation. This review is to summarize recent advances in our knowledge about OPN function in the kidney, heart, liver, lung, and HSC transplantation. Most studies found that elevated OPN is associated with poorer graft function in kidney, heart, liver and lung recipients. Moreover, some reports suggested that this protein can play role in GVHD pathogenesis. However, due to relatively small number of similar studies, as well as some inconclusive results, future investigation in this field is needed to verify if OPN can serve as a biomarker of organ and HSC transplantation. The knowledge about such markers will promote our understanding of the mechanisms underlying graft dysfunction and posttransplant mortality. In addition, such knowledge may be helpful in the development of new treatment strategies and identification of recipients with increased risk of allograft failure.
Priority accuracy by dispatch centers and Emergency Medical Services professionals in trauma patients: a cohort study
Authors: Waalwijk Job F. , Lokerman Robin D. , van der Sluijs Rogier , Fiddelers Audrey A. A. , Leenen Luke P. H. , van Heijl Mark , Poeze Martijn ,   the Pre-hospital Trauma Triage Research Collaborative (PTTRC), Lansink Koen W. W. , de Jongh Mariska A. C. , Hartog Dennis den , Halm Jens A. , Giannakópoulos Georgios F. , Edwards Michael J. R. , van Grunsven Pierre M. , Breeman Wim , van Vliet Risco , Verhagen Thijs F. , Hoogeveen Margreet W. M. J. , Sturms Leontien M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Priority-setting by dispatch centers and Emergency Medical Services professionals has a major impact on pre-hospital triage and times of trauma patients. Patients requiring specialized care benefit from expedited transport to higher-level trauma centers, while transportation of these patients to lower-level trauma centers is associated with higher mortality rates. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of priority-setting by dispatch centers and Emergency Medical Services professionals.

Methods
This observational study included trauma patients transported from the scene of injury to a trauma center. Priority-setting was evaluated in terms of the proportion of patients requiring specialized trauma care assigned with the highest priority (i.e., sensitivity), undertriage, and overtriage. Patients in need of specialized care were defined by a composite resource-based endpoint. An Injury Severity Score ≥ 16 served as a secondary reference standard.

Results
Between January 2015 and December 2017, records of 114,459 trauma patients were collected, of which 3327 (2.9%) patients were in need of specialized care according to the primary reference standard. Dispatch centers and Emergency Medical Services professionals assigned 83.8% and 74.5% of these patients with the highest priority, respectively. Undertriage rates ranged between 22.7 and 65.5% in the different prioritization subgroups. There were differences between dispatch and transport priorities in 17.7% of the patients.

Conclusion
The majority of patients that required specialized care were assigned with the highest priority by the dispatch centers and Emergency Medical Services professionals. Highly accurate priority criteria could improve the quality of pre-hospital triage.
Deafness after COVID-19?
Authors: Gerstacker K. , Speck I. , Riemann S. , Aschendorff A. , Knopf A. , Arndt S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents a case of sudden bilateral deafness in the context of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection and resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After treatment in the intensive care unit for acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney failure, hearing ability had drastically changed. While hearing had been subjectively normal before the infection, deafness was now measured on the left and profound hearing loss on the right ear. The patient was treated with cochlea implants on the left and a hearing aid in the right ear. The hearing loss is most likely a complication of COVID-19.
Targeted 1H NMR metabolomics and immunological phenotyping of human fresh blood and serum samples discriminate between healthy individuals and inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF
Authors: Notararigo Sara , Martín-Pastor Manuel , Viñuela-Roldán Juan E. , Quiroga Adriano , Dominguez-Munoz J. Enrique , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease is a multifactorial etiology, associated with environmental factors that can trigger both debut and relapses. A high level of tumor necrosis factor-α in the gut is the main consequence of immune system imbalance. The aim of treatment is to restore gut homeostasis. In this study, fresh blood and serum samples were used to identify biomarkers and to discriminate between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients under remission treated with anti-TNF. Metabolomics based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to detect unique biomarkers for each class of patients. Blood T lymphocyte repertories were characterized, as well as cytokine and transcription factor profiling, to complement the metabolomics data. Higher levels of homoserine-methionine and isobutyrate were identified as biomarkers of Crohn’s disease with ileocolic localization. For ulcerative colitis, lower levels of creatine-creatinine, proline, and tryptophan were found that reflect a deficit in the absorption of essential amino acids in the gut. T lymphocyte phenotyping and its functional profiling revealed that the overall inflammation was lower in Crohn’s disease patients than in those with ulcerative colitis. These results demonstrated that NMR metabolomics could be introduced as a high-throughput evaluation method in routine clinical practice to stratify both types of patients related to their pathology.Key messagesNMR metabolomics is a non-invasive tool that could be implemented in the normal clinical practice for IBD to assess beneficial effect of the treatment.NMR metabolomics is a useful tool for precision medicine, in order to sew a specific treatment to a specific group of patients.Finding predictors of response to IFX would be desirable to select patients affected by IBD.Immunological status of inflammations correlates with NMR metabolomics biomarkers.