bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable Nanoscale Evolution and Topological Phase Transitions of a Polar Vortex Supercrystal
Authors: Dai Cheng , Stoica Vladimir Alexandru , Das Sujit , Hong Zijian , Martin Lane W. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Freeland John W. , Wen Haidan , Gopalan Venkatraman , Chen Long‐Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the phase transitions and domain evolutions of mesoscale topological structures in ferroic materials is critical to realizing their potential applications in next‐generation high‐performance storage devices. Here, the behaviors of a mesoscale supercrystal are studied with 3D nanoscale periodicity and rotational topology phases in a PbTiO3/SrTiO3 (PTO/STO) superlattice under thermal and electrical stimuli using a combination of phase‐field simulations and X‐ray diffraction experiments. A phase diagram of temperature versus polar state is constructed, showing the formation of the supercrystal from a mixed vortex and a‐twin state and a temperature‐dependent erasing process of a supercrystal returning to a classical a‐twin structure. Under an in‐plane electric field bias at room temperature, the vortex topology of the supercrystal irreversibly transforms to a new type of stripe‐like supercrystal. Under an out‐of‐plane electric field, the vortices inside the supercrystal undergo a topological phase transition to polar skyrmions. These results demonstrate the potential for the on‐demand manipulation of polar topology and transformations in supercrystals using electric fields. The findings provide a theoretical understanding that may be utilized to guide the design and control of mesoscale polar structures and to explore novel polar structures in other systems and their topological nature.
Metal‐Supported Phospholipid Bilayers Formed by Redox Command
Authors: Hmam Ons , Badia Antonella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA surface‐confined redox reaction triggers the formation of single bilayer membranes from small unilamellar vesicles of anionic or zwitterionic phospholipids onto gold surfaces modified with a ferrocene‐terminated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). The ion pairing association of the charged lipid headgroups with the electrogenerated cationic ferroceniums drives the assembly of the phospholipids on the SAM surface to produce solid‐supported bilayers of high surface coverage (≳90%) from gel‐ or fluid‐phase forming phospholipids within minutes at room temperature. The redox‐mediated strategy reported in this work is a conceptual advance in the preparation of solid‐supported lipid bilayers. It is fast, compatible with negatively‐charged and zwitterionic phospholipids, insensitive to the phase state of the phospholipid in the vesicle precursor, and not limited to hydrophilic surfaces.
Ultrahigh EQE (38.1%) Deep‐UV Photodiode with Chemically‐Doped Graphene as Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Li Titao , Zhu Siqi , Jia Lemin , Lin Richeng , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImproving the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is a fundamental target for photovoltaic devices to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, it is reported that the chemical doping of graphene hole transport layer has a significant impact on the VOC of solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV) photovoltaic detectors. It has been demonstrated that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of graphene/AlGaN/SiC heterojunction photovoltaic detectors increases from 21.6% to 38.1% when the Fermi level of graphene is precisely pulled down by a simple charge transfer process. Without sacrificing response speed, the ≈75% increase in EQE together with responsivity is the result of the enhancement of VOC from 1.10 to 2.02 V. This work sheds light on the correlation between VOC and graphene Fermi level in SBUV detectors, and provides effective avenues to modulate the PCE of photovoltaics.
Nanoarchitectonics with Two‐Dimensional Black Phosphorus and MnO2 for Synergistic Photodynamic‐/Radiotherapy Against Cancer through Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Activity
Authors: Liu Renyu , Sheng Jiangping , Zeng Ke , Deng Yuanyuan , Deng Liu , Shen Lin , Liu You‐Nian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) can kill cancer cells in tumor therapy. However, the anticancer efficacy of ROS is generally suppressed by the reductive press in tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, lysozyme (LZM) modified black phosphorous (BP) /manganese dioxide nanosheets (LZM@BP/MnO2 NSs, LBM) as an effective and biocompatible nanodrug platform for synergistic photodynamic‐/radio‐ therapy are prepared. The controllable preparation of negatively charged MnO2 NSs is achieved through biomimetic mineralization strategy using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. To facilitate the loading of BP on MnO2, lysozyme is used to modify BP to obtain positively charged BP NSs. The as‐obtained LBM possess higher biostability and exhibit superior ROS generation efficiency to BP, owing to the alleviation of reductive species (i.e., GSH) in TME by the oxidation of MnO2. Moreover, LBM can be easily decomposed in the tumor sites, leading to the good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The amplified intracellular ROS generation properties of LBM assisted combination of photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy ultimately boost the synergistic therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Pyrene‐o‐Carborane Heterojunction to Selenoviologen for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Reduction of Alkynes
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Bingjie , Gao Yujing , Liu Chenjing , Li Guoping , Rao Bin , Chu Dake , Yan Ni , Zhang Mingming , He Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of pyrene or pyrene‐o‐carborane‐appendant selenoviologens (Py‐SeV2+, Py‐Cb‐SeV2+) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron‐rich pyrene‐o‐carborane heterojunction (Py‐Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron‐deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s−1) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+•) compared with Py‐SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices’ (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host–guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt‐NPs catalyst, the Py‐Cb‐SeV2+‐based system shows high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process.
Electrolyte‐Gated Vertical Synapse Array based on Van Der Waals Heterostructure for Parallel Computing
Authors: Oh Seyong , Lee Ju‐Hee , Seo Seunghwan , Choo Hyongsuk , Lee Dongyoung , Cho Jeong‐Ick , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, three‐terminal synaptic devices, which separate read and write terminals, have attracted significant attention because they enable nondestructive read‐out and parallel‐access for updating synaptic weights. However, owing to their structural features, it is difficult to address the relatively high device density compared with two‐terminal synaptic devices. In this study, a vertical synaptic device featuring remotely controllable weight updates via e‐field‐dependent movement of mobile ions in the ion‐gel layer is developed. This synaptic device successfully demonstrates all essential synaptic characteristics, such as excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (E/IPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and long‐term potentiation/depression (LTP/D) by electrical measurements, and exhibits competitive LTP/D characteristics with a dynamic range (Gmax/Gmin) of 31.3, and asymmetry (AS) of 8.56. The stability of the LTP/D characteristics is also verified through repeated measurements over 50 cycles; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of Gmax/Gmin and AS are calculated as 1.65% and 0.25%, respectively. These excellent synaptic properties enable a recognition rate of ≈99% in the training and inference tasks for acoustic and emotional information patterns. This study is expected to be an important foundation for the realization of future parallel computing networks for energy‐efficient and high‐speed data processing.
Manipulating Ion Concentration to Boost Two‐Electron Mn4+/Mn2+ Redox Kinetics through a Colloid Electrolyte for High‐Capacity Zinc Batteries
Authors: Xie Xuesong , Fu Hongwei , Fang Yun , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries (ZBs) have flourished due to their advantages of low‐cost and intrinsically safe water‐based electrolytes. However, in the traditional liquid electrolyte, sufficient energy density and efficiency for practical utility have not been realized yet. Here, instead of the use of a strong acid/alkali pH environment to elevate the working voltage in an aqueous solution, an ion concentration/dilution strategy is proposed to trigger the extra deposition/dissolution capacity of the Mn4+/Mn2+ redox reaction in normal Zn/MnO2 batteries. With the precipitation and release of Zn2+ ions during the discharge/charge process, the adjustment of manganese concentration is successfully realized via the reciprocal Zn/Mn ionic exchange rendered by the bentonite colloidal (Ben‐colloid) electrolyte. This electrolyte also triggers a self‐dissolution/deposition reaction even in the cathode‐free system. Consequently, the Zn/MnO2 battery with Ben‐colloid electrolyte affords up to 1.7× capacity release (480.7 mAh g–1) on average compared with a liquid electrolyte at 0.2 A g–1, higher capacity retention (94.3% vs 63.6%) after 500 cycles at 1 A g–1, and good elevated‐temperature endurability (up to 80 °C). This work opens up a new horizon to improve the energy density of water‐based metal ion batteries by the use of a functional electrolyte.
Will the Farm to Fork strategy be effective in changing food consumption behavior? A health psychology perspective
Authors: König Laura M. , Araújo‐Soares Vera 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFood production accounts for one‐third of greenhouse gas emissions; the Farm to Fork strategy aims to make food systems more sustainable and healthier to curb the rising global surface temperature. It includes several actions targeting consumer behavior, including increasing the availability of sustainable and healthy products and mandatory nutritional labeling. The actions address relevant psychological mechanisms; however, the outlined actions are vague and based on only a small number of behavioral determinants that may limit effectiveness. The implementation may furthermore benefit from concepts of implementation science to increase acceptability and feasibility to reach its ambitious goals.
Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor
Authors: Impastato Anna C. , Shemet Andrej , Vepřek Nynke A. , Saper Gadiel , Hess Henry , Rao Lu , Gennerich Arne , Trauner Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEg5 is a kinesin motor protein that is responsible for bipolar spindle formation and plays a crucial role during mitosis. Loss of Eg5 function leads to the formation of monopolar spindles, followed by mitotic arrest, and subsequent cell death. Several cell‐permeable small molecules have been reported to inhibit Eg5 and some have been evaluated as anticancer agents. We now describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photoswitchable variants with five different pharmacophores. Our lead compound Azo‐EMD is a cell permeable azobenzene that inhibits Eg5 more potently in its light‐induced cis form. This activity decreased the velocity of Eg5 in single‐molecule assays, promoted formation of monopolar spindles, and led to mitotic arrest in a light dependent way.
Clinical Issues—January 2022
Authors: Wright Renae 
Published: December 2021

THIS MONTH
Cleaning the central core floor
Key words: semirestricted area, cleaning practices, vacuum, flooring, mopping.Wearing a cooling vest under a sterile gownKey words: thermal comfort, thermal stress, cooling vest, scrubbed personnel, surgical attire.Fluorescence‐guided surgeryKey words: fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS), fluorescent agent, fluorophore, imaging, indocyanine green (ICG).Containment of used suture needlesKey words: sharps injury, sharps containment device, suture packet, suture needle, needle return.
Ion conducting methylcellulose‐polyvinyl alcohol blend based electrolytes incorporated with ammonium thiocyanate for electric double layer capacitor application
Authors: Shamsuri Nurrul Asyiqin , Zaine Siti Nur Azella , Mohamed Yusof Yuhanees , Shukur Muhammad Fadhlullah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have received numerous attention for application in energy storage devices due to their safety performance and mechanical flexibility. However, further improvement of amorphousness and electrochemical performance is needed to realize the commercial potential of SPEs. In this work, a series of methylcellulose (MC) – polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend‐based electrolyte doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) salt has been prepared using solvent casting technique. MC‐PVA‐NH4SCN electrolytes have been characterized and the most amorphous sample has been used as electrolyte in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). Thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to analyze the thermal stability of the electrolytes. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, the addition of salt up to 40 wt% decreases the percentage of crystallinity and crystallite size indicating the improvement in amorphousness of the polymer electrolytes. From transference number measurements analysis, it is revealed that ions are the dominant charge carriers. Linear sweep voltammetry shows that the most amorphous electrolyte is electrochemically stable in the potential range of −1.97 V to +1.90 V. Using the most amorphous MC‐PVA‐NH4SCN electrolyte, an EDLC has been fabricated and characterized using impedance technique, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge.
Chaotic synchronization cryptosystems using a Twofish encryption algorithms
Authors: Hsiao Feng‐Hsiag 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn our work, a methodology of systematic design with chaotic masking‐based secure communications is presented to implement double encryption. Chaotic synchronization has encountered attacks by hackers in which attackers demodulate information through the public channel, and the safety of chaotic synchronization communication has thus been questioned in recent years. To block the attacks by hackers, this study combines chaotic synchronization with a Twofish encryption algorithm, thereby increasing the complexity of the cryptosystem. By doing so, a more secure communication system is achieved to efficaciously protect the ciphertext. Furthermore, the IGA is proposed in this study to effectively overcome the weakness of the traditional GA. The IGA‐based fuzzy controller not only realizes the exponential synchronization, but also minimizes the disturbance attenuation level to achieve optimalH∞performance. Finally, we give a numerical example to show the achievements of this study.
Nano‐bio‐engineered silk matrix based devices for molecular bioanalysis
Authors: Sammi Aditi , Divya  , Mahapatra Supratim , Kumar Rahul , Chandra Pranjal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSilk is a fibrous protein, has been a part of human lives for centuries, and was used as suture and textile material. Silk is mainly produced by the members of certain arthropods such as spiders, butterflies, mites, and moths. However, recent technological advances have revolutionized silk as a biomaterial for various applications ranging from heat sensors to robust fibers. The biocompatibility, mechanical resilience, and biodegradability of the material make it a suitable candidate for biomaterials. Silk can also be easily converted into several morphological forms, including fibers, films, sponges, and hydrogels. Provided these abilities, silk have received excellent traction from scientists worldwide for various developments, one of them being its use as a bio‐sensor. The diversity of silk materials offers various options, giving scientists the freedom to choose from and personalize them as per their needs. In this review, we foremost look upon the composition, production, properties, and various morphologies of silk. The numerous applications of silk and its derivatives for fabricating biosensors to detect small molecules, macromolecules, and cells have been explored comprehensively. Also, the data from various globally developed sensors using silk have been described into organized tables for each category of molecules, along with their important analytical details.
A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases
Authors: Vilas Bôas Renata N. , de Castro Heizir F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe esterification reactions catalyzed by lipases are among the most significant biochemical processes of industrial relevance. The lipases have the function of versatility by catalyzing a diversity of reactions with extreme ease, obtaining quality products with high yield. Therefore, enzyme‐catalyzed esterification has gained increasing attention in many applications, due to the importance of derived products. More specifically, lipase‐catalyzed esterification reactions have attracted interest in research over the past decade, due to the increased use of organic esters in the chemical and biotechnology industry. These esters can be obtained by three techniques: extraction from natural sources, chemical and enzymatic syntheses. Biotechnological processes have offered several advantages and are shown as a competitive alternative to chemical methods due to high catalytic efficiency, mild operating conditions, and selectivity of natural catalysts. These an industrial point of view, reactions catalyzed by enzymes are the most economical approach to achieve green products with no toxicity and no harm to human health. Thus, this review presents a descriptive evaluation of the trends and perspectives applied to enzymatic esterification, mainly for the synthesis of esters with different properties, such as aromatics, emulsifiers, and lubricants using the esterification process. An emphasis is given to essential factors, which affect the lipase‐catalyzed esterification reaction. In which, the parameters are dependent on the lipase source, a form of the biocatalyst (free or immobilized), the polarity of the reaction medium, the molar ratio between alcohol and acid, among other variables, are also discussed.
Complete agenesis of the infra‐renal aorta
Authors: Seretis Charalampos , Papageorgopoulou Chrysanthi P. , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos M. , Tsimpoukis Andreas L. , Papadoulas Spyros I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComplete agenesis of the infra‐renal aorta is an extremely rare anatomical variant, and its presence can complicate the accurate interpretation of the aortic sonographic assessment.
Importance of ultrasound examination: A case of peritoneal catheter tunnel infection
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Takizawa Naoho , Fujita Yoshiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSome peritoneal dialysis catheter infections cannot be detected via a physical examination. Ultrasound of the PD catheter tunnel should be performed in cases of suspected infection or clinical abnormality at the catheter tunnel site.
An innovative approach in the management of alveolar clefts with bone graft harvest from maxillary tuberosity and mandibular wisdom molar odontectomy sites: A case report
Authors: Guthua Symon , Ng’ang’a Peter M. , Sarna Krishan , Kamau Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlveolar bone grafting is a complex procedure utilized in alveolar cleft repair; however, the ideal site of bone graft material remains highly debated. In this study, we describe the management of a 14‐year‐old girl with bilateral alveolar clefts using alternative intraoral donor sites for bone graft harvest.
Revitalisierung der Fassade am Commerzbank‐Hochhaus Düsseldorf
Authors: Stetter Annalena , Spoida Martin , Fröhlich Birgit , Engelmann Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDer Commerzbank‐Tower in Düsseldorf gilt als eines der bedeutendsten Hochhäuser der frühen deutschen Nachkriegsmoderne im internationalen Stil. Insbesondere die aufgeständerte Rohbaukonstruktion wie auch die damaligen Innovationen in der Fassadentechnik waren gestaltprägend. Das denkmalgeschützte Hochhaus wurde von Gartner zwischen 1959 und 1962 errichtet und schon damals mit einer innovativen Aluminium‐Fassade ausgestattet. Die Fassadenelemente wurden zur Revitalisierung seit 2018 zunächst demontiert und nach Gundelfingen gebracht, auseinandergebaut, gereinigt und wiederhergestellt. Nach der Remontage wurde das Sockelgeschoss mit einer Ganzglasfassade mit geklebten, 6 m langen Glasschwertern ergänzt. Die Konstruktion und Bemessung sowie die Versuche zur Erlangung einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall werden in diesem Beitrag erläutert.Revitalization of the Facade of the Commerzbank Tower in Düsseldorf. The Commerzbank Tower in Düsseldorf is one of the most important high‐rise buildings of the early post‐war modernism in the international style. The design has been particularly influenced by the elevated shell construction and the innovations in facade technology at the time. The listed high‐rise building was built by Gartner between 1959 and 1962 and features an innovative aluminum facade. The facade units were first dismantled in Düsseldorf and carried to Gundelfingen to be disassembled, cleaned and revitalized. After remounting the elements on site, the base floor was completed by a slender all‐glass facade with 6 m long glass fins. The design as well as the testing for an individual approval are explained in this paper.
Transparente Gebäudehüllen in Gebieten mit hohen seismischen Anforderungen
Authors: Oppe Matthias , Schieber Roman , Fildhuth Thiemo , Grün Stefanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie große Herausforderung bei der Planung von Gebäudehüllen besteht häufig darin, anspruchsvolle Fassadensysteme mit hohen architektonischen Anforderungen sowie einer maximalen Transparenz auszulegen. Bei der Entwicklung der Fassadenkonstruktion sind dabei in Abhängigkeit von der geographischen Lage zum Teil hohe seismische Beanspruchungen und die daraus resultierenden großen horizontalen Verformungen bzw. Kräfte zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Artikel erläutert anhand von drei sehr unterschiedlichen Projekttypen detailliert, wie der Schutz von Tragwerk und Gebäudehülle gegen seismische Beanspruchungen bei einer seilversteiften Gitternetzschale, im strukturellen Glasbau sowie bei einer Elementfassade mit komplexer Tragstruktur im Einzelnen geschehen kann.Transparent building envelopes in seismic areas. One major challenge when planning building envelopes is often to design sophisticated facade systems with high architectural requirements and maximum transparency. Depending on the geographical location of the site, high seismic loads and the resulting large horizontal deformations and forces must be taken into account during design development of the facade construction. Considering three different projects the article explains in detail how protection of the building structure and the envelope against seismic action for a gridshell, in structural glazing and for a unitized facade with a complex supporting structure could be achieved.