bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Screening Program of Congenital Hypothyroidism: How Can We (Still) Improve?
Authors: Costeira Maria José , Martins Andreia , Reis Raquel , Vilarinho Laura , Palha Joana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has severe and irreversible neurological consequences for the child if treatment is not readily initiated, which justifies fast diagnosis. Screening of CH is a universal procedure well established in Portugal. It is based on measuring the pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone. The physiology of maturation of the pituitary-thyroid axis is incomplete at delivery in preterm and very-low birth weight babies (VLBW), which raises concerns with respect to the standard timing of CH diagnosis.The Portuguese Neonatal Screening Program recommends testing preterm/VLBW babies at three time points. The purpose of this study was to assess compliance of these guidelines.Methods: Questionnaires were sent to neonatal care units (NCU) and to general practitioner community health units in two time periods.Results: All NCU have written guidelines and the great majority follows the recommendations. Few NCU still postpone the first collection for newborns with protein intake restrictions, some retest new-borns in special circumstances, and a great number still use iodine disinfectants.Conclusions: This study shows that performing the metabolic screening is a well standardized procedure that can still be improved: not delaying the first collection, retesting sick and medicated babies, and avoiding iodine disinfectants.
Sarcopenia and Charlson Comorbidity Index are Risk Factors for Short-Term Postoperative Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumor: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Jiaqiu , Xu Liqian , Huang Shunmei , Hui Quan , Shi Xuexue , Zhang Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is one of the most common syndromes in the older adults. Gastrointestinal tumor is a malignant disease with high incidence. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of sarcopenia in older adults with gastrointestinal tumor, the prognostic indicators of and short-term outcomes after resection for gastrointestinal tumor, and to explore the relationship between sarcopenia and short-term postoperative prognosis.Method A total of 247 older patients with gastrointestinal tumors who underwent radical resection in 2019 were included in this study. Relevant indexes were calculated using L3 slice image of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate sarcopenia. Short-term postoperative complications and length of stay were considered as short-term outcome of this study.Results Advanced age, lower higher body mass index (BMI), lower hemoglobin, having history of abdominal surgery and higher visceral fat index (VFI) were risk factors of sarcopenia, while higher BMI and lower subcutaneous fat index (SFI) were protective factors of sarcopenia. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having history of abdominal surgery, advanced age and lower BMI were independent risk factors. Sarcopenia and higher Charlson comorbidity index were independent risk factors of short-term postoperative complications in the elderly with gastrointestinal tumor. Higher Charlson comorbidity index gave rise to longer length of stay.ConclusionsSarcopenia and higher Charlson comorbidity index predict poor short-term prognosis of older patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor resection.
Reduction in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency and Increase in Central Precocious Puberty Diagnoses During COVID 19 Pandemics
Authors: Peinkhofer Martina , Bossini Benedetta , Penco Arturo , Giangreco Manuela , Pellegrin Maria Chiara , Vidonis Viviana , Vittori Giada , Grassi Nicoletta , Faleschini Elena , Barbi Egidio , Tornese Gianluca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate differences in pediatric endocrine stimulation tests after the advent of COVID-19 pandemics.Methods: Retrospective study with data collection for pediatric endocrine stimulation tests performed in 2019 e 2020 in a tertiary center.Results: Overall, 251 tests were performed on 190 patients in 2020, compared to 278 tests on 206 patients in 2019 (-10% tests; -8% children evaluated). A significant reduction was found in tests to diagnose growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (-35%), while LHRH tests increased (+22%). A reduction of 30% in GHD diagnosis was observed. Diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) increased by 38% compared to 2019, mainly in females. Conclusion: This study found a significant reduction of tests investigating GHD during COVID-19 pandemics. It also showed a clinically meaningful increase in cases of CPP in girls. These results suggest the need for families and pediatricians to monitor children's growth during isolation and enlighten new perspectives towards conditions associated with lockdown restrictions as increased screen time, social isolation, and children's anxiety as possible triggers of CPP.
Locality and evolution to equilibrium
Authors: Gazdzicki Marek , Gorenstein Mark , Pidhurskyi Ivan , Savchuk Oleh , Tinti Leonardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quantum statistics and non-locality are deeply rooted in quantum mechanics and go beyond our intuition reflected in classical physics. Quantum statistics can be derived using statistical methods for indistinguishable particles - particles of quantum mechanics. Violation of strong locality - colloquially called the ghostly action at a distance - is one of the most amazing properties of nature derived from quantum mechanics. An intriguing question is whether the non-local evolution of indistinguishable particles is needed to reach the equilibrium state given by quantum statistics. Motivated by the above and similar questions, we developed a simple framework that allows us to follow space-time evolution of assembly of particles. It is based on a discrete-time Markov chain on countable space for indistinguishable particles. We summarise well-known and introduced new constraints on the transition matrix that grant space-time symmetries, locality of particle-transport, strong locality, and equilibrium state. Then, within the framework, several important cases are considered. First, we show that the simplest transition matrix leads to equilibrium but violates particle transport and strong localities. Furthermore, we construct a simple matrix that leads to equilibrium obeying particle-transport locality and violating strong locality. This resembles the properties of quantum mechanics. Finally, we demonstrate that it is also possible to reach equilibrium by obeying both particle-transport and strong localities. Thus, within this framework, the violation of a strong locality is not needed to reach the equilibrium of indistinguishable particles. However, to obey strong locality, a complex structure of the transition matrix is needed. In addition, we comment on distinguishable particles and, in particular, show that their evolution seen by an observer blind to particle differences may look like the evolution of indistinguishable particles with the properties of quantum mechanics. We hope that this work may help to study the relation between symmetries, localities and the evolution to equilibrium for indistinguishable and distinguishable particles.
Predict the hospitalization in covid-19: magic is in the air
Authors: SAHOO JYOTI PRAKASH , Goutam Siddhartha , Parida Muktikanta , Sahoo Satyabrata 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Although pathogenesis and pattern of disease are still not completely understood, tactical management of overcrowding of hospitals and rational usage of resources is the need of the hour.
Material & Methods

Retrospective data of 6918 COVID-19 positive cases from SCB Medical College & Hospital, India, were obtained from the hospital records from March 2020 to January 2021. The patients' age, gender, symptoms, and comorbidities were analyzed against their hospital stay using R software (version 4.0.2).
Results

Elderly patients (> 65 years) had a higher rate (91.22%) of prolonged hospital stay as compared to others (47.61%). Frequently observed symptoms (in decreasing order) were fever (73.93%), cough (67.52%), myalgia (62.11%), dyspnea (49.59%), dizziness (47.38%), and anosmia (44.10%). The risk of prolonged hospitalization was highest with dyspnea [odds ratio: 2.29 (95 % confidence interval: 2.07–2.52)], followed by diarrhea [OR 1.98 (CI 1.77–2.21)], fever [OR 1.89 (CI 1.69–2.10)], anosmia [OR 1.86 (CI 1.69–2.05)], and dizziness [OR 1.46 (CI 1.32–1.60)]. The rate of hospitalization for more than seven days was highest with diabetes (86.80%), followed by respiratory illnesses (71.85%) and hypertension (71.28%).
Conclusion

These findings can help manage patients based on their symptoms and comorbidities before admission.
Comparison of physicochemical properties and selective catalytic reduction activities of CeMn/TiO2 catalysts with and without phosphorus additives
Authors: KESKİN Zeycan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lubricant additives contain phosphorus, which has a fly ash effect. Phosphorus negatively affects catalyst activity. Determining the effects of phosphorus loading amount on the catalytic activity is important for the development of catalysts with high NOx reduction. This study focuses on the control of NOx emissions, one of the air pollutants released from the diesel engine. The catalysts used in the reduction of NOx emissions were synthesized by washcoating method. Ce and Mn contents of all catalysts were adjusted as 3%, while the phosphorus contents of poisoned catalysts were adjusted as 0.5% and 1%. For this purpose, cordierite with high surface area was used. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analyzes. The NOx reduction activity of with and without phosphorus doped CeMn/TiO2 catalysts was investigated with the designed selective catalytic reduction system (SCR). NOx conversion ratios of the CeMn/TiO2 catalyst reached the high values of 84.6% at 280°C. After the phosphorus loading, the structure of the CeMn/TiO2 catalyst deteriorated, and the NOx conversion ratios decreased. 0.5P-CeMn/TiO2 and 1P-CeMn/TiO2 catalysts showed lower NOx conversion ratios compared to CeMn/TiO2 catalyst. CeMn-TiO2 catalyst was found highly active for SCR at all tests. Phosphorus loading caused deactivation of the catalyst and deactivation increased due to the increase in phosphorus loading amount.
Adipose tissue is a source of fibro-adipogenic progenitors for regenerating skeletal muscles
Authors: Sastourne-Arrey Quentin , Girousse Amandine , Bourlier Virginie , Monferran Sylvie , Gil-Ortega Marta , Murphy Enda , Laurens Claire , Varin Audrey , Christophe Guissard , Barreau Corinne , André Mireille , Juin Noémie , Marques Marie , Chaput Benoit , Moro Cedric , O’Gorman Donal , Casteilla Louis , Sengenes Coralie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fibro adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) play a crucial role in skeletal muscle regeneration, as they generate a favorable niche that allows satellite cells to perform efficient muscle regeneration. After muscle injury, FAP content increases rapidly within the injured muscle, the origin of which has been attributed to their proliferation. Recently, single-cell RNAseq approaches have revealed phenotype and functional heterogeneity in FAPs. Here we report that FAP-like cells residing in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT), the adipose stromal cells (ASCs), are rapidly released from ScAT in response to muscle injury. In parallel, we show in healthy humans that exercise-induced muscle stress response triggers the migration of human native ASCs. Additionally, we find that released ASCs infiltrate the damaged muscle, via a platelet dependent mechanism and that blocking ASC infiltration impairs muscle regeneration. Collectively, our data reveal that ScAT is an unsuspected physiological reservoir of regenerative cells that support skeletal muscle regeneration.
Adaptive Under-Actuated Control for Capacitive Micro-Machined Ultrasonic Transducer Based On An Accurate Nonlinear Modeling
Authors: Darbasi Sima , Mirzaei Mohammad Javad , Abazari Amir Musa , Rezazadeh Ghader 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) due to many benefits is being considered as an imaging and therapeutic technology recently. The critical challenge here is to stabilize the system beyond the pull-in voltage considering imposed perturbations. The CMUT system, on the other hand, has a low range of travel and it is intrinsically unstable, which can result in a pull-in phenomenon. Consequently, in order to use the CMUT systems in a variety of medical applications that require high tuning ratio, a closed-loop control technique has been designed for these systems aims at increasing the maximum capacitance and enhancing tunability as well. In this study, using the closed-loop control, the resistance of micro plate against the pull-in phenomenon has been examined. Also, in the description of the system a more accurate nonlinear modeling has been considered in the presence of an under-actuated sliding model control strategy with finite convergence time. Beside, adaptive protocols with unknown upper bounds have been designed to compensate the effects of uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances. The performance of controller in terms of improving output pressure, stabilizing the CMUT and its robustness to imposed perturbations have been investigated. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the usefulness and applicability of the proposed control strategy.
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 oncogenic fusion is sufficient for leukemic transformation
Authors: Le Quy , Hadland Brandon , Smith Jenny , Leonti Amanda , Huang Benjamin , Ries Rhonda , Hylkema Tiffany , Castro Sommer , Tang Thao , Nourigat Cynthia , Perkins LaKeisha , Pardo Larua , Sarthy Jay , Beckman Amy , Williams Robin , Idemmili Rhonda , Furlan Scott , Ishida Takashi , Call Lindsey , Srivast Shivani , Loeb Anisha , Imren Suzan , Michael Loken , brodersen Lisa , Riddell Stanley , Tarlock Katherine , Bernstein Irwin , Loeb Keith , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fusion oncoproteins are the initiating event in AML pathogenesis, although they are thought to require additional cooperating mutations for leukemic transformation. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (C/G) fusion occurs exclusively in infants and is associated with highly aggressive disease1-4. Here we report that lentiviral transduction of C/G fusion is sufficient to induce malignant transformation of human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB HSPCs) that fully recapitulates C/G AML. Engineered CB HSPCs co-cultured with endothelial cells undergo complete malignant transformation with identical molecular, morphologic, phenotypic and disease characteristics observed in primary C/G AML. Interrogating the transcriptome of engineered cells identified a library of C/G fusion-specific targets that are candidates for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. We developed CAR-T cells directed against one of the targets, FOLR1, and demonstrated the pre-clinical efficacy against C/G AML while sparing normal hematopoiesis. Our findings underscore the role of the endothelial niche in promoting leukemic transformation of C/G-transduced CB HSPCs. Moreover, this work has broad implications for studies of leukemogenesis applicable to a variety of oncogenic fusion-driven pediatric leukemias, providing a robust and tractable model system to characterize the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis and identify biomarkers for disease diagnosis and targets for therapy.
Intranasal delivery of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells enhances regenerative effects in premature rat brain following hypoxic–ischemic injury
Authors: Zang Jing , Yang Yinxiang , Guan Qian , Wang Xiaohua , Zhong Xin , Wang Zhaoyan , Wang Qian , He Ying , Ye Dou , Zhou Haipeng , Aisong Guo , Wu Youjia , Luan Zuo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
White matter injury is a common ischemic brain injury in premature infants and for which there is no effective treatment. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a novel approach for replacing damaged brain tissues and promoting regenerative processes. Since intracerebral transplantation is not clinically feasible for premature infants, intranasal delivery of cells to the brain is a promising, noninvasive therapeutic approach for restoring the damaged brain. This study was conducted to investigate whether transplanted human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells exhibit neuroprotective effects in a rat model of WMI in premature infants.
Methods
SD rats aged 3 days were randomly divided into sham group, preterm white matter injury group and nasal transplantation group. Hypoxia–ischemia was induced in 3-day-old rat pups by right carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to 6% oxygen for 90 min. Rats were intranasally administered the cell suspension (250,000 cells in 6 µL) twice in each nostril (1 × 106 cells total), and myelin basic protein immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess endogenous myelin growth in the right hemispheres. Behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze, adhesive-removal test, and cylinder rearing test, as well as a gait test, were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects at 12 weeks after transplantation.
Results
The cells transplanted from the nose can enter brain tissue of rats 3 days after transplantation. The myelin sheath structure was more compact and the myelin sheath thickness was increased. The nerve function defect was improved 12 weeks after transplantation.
Conclusions
The intranasal administration of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells had beneficial therapeutic effects on rehabilitation of the rat hypoxia-ischemia model. This technique is a potential strategy for applying oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in transplantation therapy against white matter injury.
Effects of SDF-1/CXCR7 on the Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Shi Ameng , Wang Ting , Jia Miao , Dong Lei , Shi Haitao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We found that SDF-1/CXCR7 axis plays an important role in the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer in previous studies. The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of SDF-1/CXCR7 on the metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells and the possible mechanisms. SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were cultured in vitro, CXCR7 expression was stably knocked down via lentiviral vectors. The cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by transwell migration and invasion assays. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and Akt phosphorylation were detected with western blot. We found that SDF-1 markedly enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells; CXCR7 knockdown by lentiviral infection inhibited these effects. SDF-1/CXCR7 increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. SDF-1/CXCR7 also downregulated E-cadherin expression but upregulated N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail expression, suggesting that SDF-1/CXCR7 could promote the development of EMT in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, SDF-1/CXCR7 could promote Akt phosphorylation. Our results indicated that SDF-1/CXCR7 promoted the migration, invasion and EMT of gastric cancer cells and thus CXCR7 inhibition may be a strategy for inhibiting gastric cancer metastasis.
FGFR1 Promotes Tumor Immune Evasion via YAP-Mediated PD-L1 Expression Upregulation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Min , Wang Kaixuan , Ji Wenxiang , Yu Yongfeng , Li Ziming , Xia Weiliang , Lu Shun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Variations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), which occur frequently, are common driver mutations of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are powerful anticancer weapons. Activation of FGFR1 leads to tumorigenesis through multiple downstream molecules, including Yes-associated protein (YAP), but whether and how FGFR1 regulates tumor immune evasion remain largely unclear. Methods: H520 and HCC95 cells were treated with siRNA and plasmids to increase or decrease the expression of FGFR1, YAP and PD-L1, as assessed by molecular assays of protein and mRNA expression. The interaction between YAP and PD-L1 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. After FGFR1 knockdown by shRNA, cancer cells were cocultured with Jurkat T cells, and then cell proliferation and activity were assessed. In C57BL/6 mice, the tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry after FGFR1 knockdown. The effect of the combination of FGFR1 knockdown and PD-1 blockade was explored both in vitro and in vivo. Results: In H520 and HCC95 cells, FGFR1 upregulated PD-L1 expression via YAP, and YAP initiated the transcription of PD-L1 after binding to its promoter region. Both in vitro and in vivo, FGFR1 knockdown decreased tumor growth and reduced immune escape and reactivation of T cells. The combination of FGFR1 knockdown and PD-1 blockade synergistically exerted antitumor effects. In human LSQCC, the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), the activator of FGFR1, was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 at the mRNA level. Conclusions: The FGFR1/YAP/PD-L1 regulatory axis mediates tumor-associated immune suppression in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and FGFR1 knockdown reactivates T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Synergistic inhibition of both FGFR1 and PD-1/PD-L1 may be a possible treatment for lung cancer patients.
Genetic Variants Associated mRNA Stability in Lung
Authors: Li Jian-Rong , Tang Mabel , Li Yafang , Amos Christopher I , Cheng Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analyses have been widely used to identify genetic variants associated with gene expression levels to understand what molecular mechanisms underlie genetic traits. The resultant eQTLs might affect the expression of associated genes through transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. In this study, we attempt to distinguish these two types of regulation by identifying genetic variants associated with mRNA stability of genes (stQTLs).Results: Here, we presented a computational framework that take the advantage of recently developed methods to infer the mRNA stability of genes based on RNA-seq data and performed association analysis to identify stQTLs. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) lung RNA-Seq data, we identified a total of 142,801 stQTLs for 3,942 genes and 186,132 eQTLs for 4,751 genes from 15,122,700 genetic variants for 13,476 genes, respectively. Interesting, our results indicated that stQTLs were enriched in the CDS and 3’UTR regions, while eQTLs are enriched in the CDS, 3’UTR, 5’UTR, and upstream regions. We also found that stQTLs are more likely than eQTLs to overlap with RNA binding protein (RBP) and microRNA (miRNA) binding sites. Our analyses demonstrate that simultaneous identification of stQTLs and eQTLs can provide more mechanistic insight on the association between genetic variants and gene expression levels.