bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on Exercise Addiction and the Disordered Eating-Eating Disorders Continuum in the Competitive Sport Context
Authors: Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , Ramírez María J. , Díaz Isabel , López-Mora Clara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExercise addiction (EA) affects a considerable number of individuals who regularly perform exercise-sport activities. The co-occurrence of EA manifestations and the continuum of disordered eating-eating disorders (EDs) is so common in sports that a deeper understanding of them as comorbidities is warranted. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview and synthesis of the research on the relationship between maladaptive exercise and dysfunctional eating in the sport context. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 22 empirical studies (23 articles) with young and adult female and male athletes from several sports and competition levels was included. EA in conjunction with eating disturbances is frequent among athletes, yet the prevalence rates are inconsistent. Existing evidence suggests that EA is a relevant outcome of ED pathology among athletes, supporting the classical secondary type of EA. However, research also reveals that excessive exercising plays a central role in the psychopathology of disordered eating. There is a need for further quantitative research addressing the features and correlates of the EA-EDs dyad, qualitative research on the subjective experiences of athletes with disordered exercise and eating, longitudinal and experimental research to establish possible causal paths and attempts to develop comprehensive conceptual models of EA and its co-occurrence with EDs, in order to improve the identification, prevention, and management of this dyadic condition in the sport context.
Soziale Verantwortung statt Resignation
Authors: Steinigeweg Julia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungKonstruktiver Journalismus ist eine relativ neue Form des Journalismus mit dem Ziel, die aktuell überwiegend negativ orientierte Medienberichterstattung durch lösungsorientierte Elemente zu ergänzen. Mithilfe von Techniken der positiven Psychologie sollen dem Publikum gesellschaftlich relevante Informationen vermittelt werden, um zu einer mündigen Bevölkerung beizutragen. Dabei nimmt die Stärkung prosozialer Verhaltensintentionen eine zentrale Rolle ein.Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit der konstruktive Journalismus dem eigenen Anspruch einer Förderung proaktiver Verhaltensweisen gerecht wird. In einer experimentellen Befragung wurden prosoziale Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, motivationale Faktoren und direkte Verhaltensintentionen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass prosoziale Verhaltensintentionen durch die Rezeption konstruktiver Nachrichten gestärkt werden. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Rezeption konstruktiver Nachrichten und einer gesteigerten Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung ließ sich nicht erkennen.
Speeding up Additive Manufacturing by Means of Forming for Sheet Components with Core Structures
Authors: Rosenthal Stephan , Hahn Marlon , Tekkaya A. Erman , Platt Sebastian , Kleszczynski Stefan , Witt Gerd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new process combination route consisting of additive manufacturing (AM) with a subsequent forming operation is proposed. The process route has the opportunity to increase the efficiency of the AM process route up to 360%. Stainless steel 316L sheets with different core structures (similar to sandwich sheets) are produced by AM, characterized, and formed in a die bending operation. The bending characteristics of this novel semi-finished product can be accurately predicted in a numerical simulation. The new process route is discussed in detail and compared to conventional AM parts in terms of the production efficiency.
Luft als Element
Authors: Horn Eva 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas aktuelle Interesse an Phänomenen der Atmosphäre wie Wetter und Klima hat sich bislang vor allem auf die literarische Auseinandersetzung mit der frühen Meteorologie gerichtet. Der vorliegende Aufsatz schlägt eine wissenshistorische und ästhetische Erweiterung der Perspektive vor: ein Blick auf die sehr viel ältere, aber höchst wirkmächtige Tradition, Luft als Element zu verstehen. Von der antiken Medizin bis ins späte 19. Jahrhundert ist Luft – als Witterungsphänomen, lokales Klima oder Medium schädlicher Dünste – eine spürbare und intensiv wirksame Dimension von Umwelt, die auf Körper, Seelen und Gesellschaften einwirkt. Diese Tradition wird in der Moderne langsam verdrängt, überdauert aber in der Literatur. Während die Wissenschaften von der Atmosphäre die Luft entsinnlichen, bewahren literarische Texte ein Sensorium für ihre Qualitäten und Wirkmacht, das es neu zu entziffern gilt. Als Beispiel einer solchen meteorologischen Lektüre liest der Aufsatz Thomas Manns Novelle Der Tod in Venedig (1912) als einen Text, der sich exakt am Übergang von der alten Theorie der Luft als Element zu einem modernen Verständnis von Atmosphäre und Ansteckung situiert. In den Stimmungen und Witterungen, die der Text entfaltet, zeigt sich Luft als Resonanzraum und maßgeblicher Schrittmacher für Aschenbachs Untergang.
Characterizing the roles of bots on Twitter during the COVID-19 infodemic
Authors: Xu Wentao , Sasahara Kazutoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn infodemic is an emerging phenomenon caused by an overabundance of information online. This proliferation of information makes it difficult for the public to distinguish trustworthy news and credible information from untrustworthy sites and non-credible sources. The perils of an infodemic debuted with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and bots (i.e., automated accounts controlled by a set of algorithms) that are suspected of spreading the infodemic. Although previous research has revealed that bots played a central role in spreading misinformation during major political events, how bots behavior during the infodemic is unclear. In this paper, we examined the roles of bots in the case of the COVID-19 infodemic and the diffusion of non-credible information such as “5G” and “Bill Gates” conspiracy theories and content related to “Trump” and “WHO” by analyzing retweet networks and retweeted items. We show the segregated topology of their retweet networks, which indicates that right-wing self-media accounts and conspiracy theorists may lead to this opinion cleavage, while malicious bots might favor amplification of the diffusion of non-credible information. Although the basic influence of information diffusion could be larger in human users than bots, the effects of bots are non-negligible under an infodemic situation.
The Dependence of Tropical Modes of Variability on Zonal Asymmetry
Authors: Wu Xiaoning , Reed Kevin A. , Wolfe Christopher L. P. , Marques Gustavo M. , Bachman Scott D. , Bryan Frank O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTropical modes of variability, including the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are challenging to represent in climate models. Previous studies suggest their fundamental dependence on zonal asymmetry, but such dependence is rarely addressed with fully coupled ocean dynamics. This study fills the gap by using fully coupled, idealized Community Earth System Model (CESM) and comparing two nominally ocean‐covered configurations with and without a meridional boundary. For the MJO‐like intraseasonal mode, its separation from equatorial Kelvin waves and the eastward propagation of its convective and dynamic signals depend on the zonal gradient of the mean state. For the ENSO‐like interannual mode, in the absence of the ocean's meridional boundary, a circum‐equatorial dominant mode emerges with distinct ocean dynamics. The interpretation of the dependence of these modes on zonal asymmetry is relevant to their representation in realistic climate models.
Evolution of the Horizontal Winds in Jupiter's Great Red Spot From One Jovian Year of HST/WFC3 Maps
Authors: Wong Michael H. , Marcus Philip S. , Simon Amy A. , de Pater Imke , Tollefson Joshua W. , Asay‐Davis Xylar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe measured the horizontal winds in Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) using data from the WFC3/UVIS instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The data cover 11 epochs from 2009 to 2020. Long‐term monotonic trends in size and shape previously noted from the visible cloud appearance are paralleled by changes in the high‐speed ring around the vortex. The circularization of the GRS cannot be explained by changes in the horizontal wind shear of the surrounding environment. The velocity fields suggest no long‐term trend in the static stability inside or outside the vortex. Instead, the changes are accompanied by a 4%–8% increase in the mean wind speeds of the high‐speed ring from 2009 to 2020. Changes in the wind field coincided with the South Equatorial Belt Outbreak storms of 2016–2017, but not with 2019 "flaking" events involving detachment of red material from the main oval.
Influence of Climate‐Forcing Frequency on Hillslope Response
Authors: Godard V. , Tucker G. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAssessing rivers' and hillslopes' sensitivity to external forcing is paramount to understand landscape evolution, in particular as a response to Quaternary climate changes. River networks are usually considered to be the main conveyors of environmental signals, such as changes in precipitation, temperature, or baselevel. Yet because hillslopes provide the source of sediment for river networks, their response to environmental change also modulates landscape dynamics. In order to characterize such behavior, we analyze the response times of a transport‐limited hillslope. We use simple numerical models of denudation to study hillslope responses to oscillatory forcing and understand their filtering effects on environmental signals. Modifications in the frequency of climate oscillation, such as the change that occurred at the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition, can significantly modulate hillslope sediment‐flux response. We infer a wide range of hillslope responses, ranging from negligible change over the full range of climate‐forcing frequencies, to a significant filtering of long‐period signals.
A Combined Rock Magnetic and Meteorological Investigation of the Precipitation Boundary Across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ning Wen‐Xiao , Zan Jin‐Bo , Yang Sheng‐Li , Fang Xiao‐Min , Shen Miao‐Miao , Kang Jian , Luo Yuan‐Long , Wang Shu‐Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the spatial distribution of precipitation across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important for understanding how the topography and atmospheric circulation influence the climatic patterns of the region. We collected 143 surface soil samples from the central and southeastern TP (SETP) for rock magnetic characterization of the spatial distribution of the pedogenic intensity. Comparison with meteorological data shows that pedogenic intensity decreases significantly along the pathway of moist air across the SETP toward the interior, and that there is a positive correlation between pedogenic magnetite/maghemite content and mean annual precipitation. By contrast, the samples from the central TP show a low degree of pedogenic alteration, consistent with the limited precipitation within this area. The results indicate the possibility of using magnetic properties of surface soils to determine the precipitation distribution in areas lacking meteorological stations. These observations, combined with published soil magnetic results, help to define the climatic boundary in the TP.
First Results From the Retrieved Column O/N2 Ratio From the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON): Evidence of the Impacts of Nonmigrating Tides
Authors: England Scott L. , Meier R. R. , Frey Harald U. , Mende Stephen B. , Stephan Andrew W. , Krier Christopher S. , Cullens Chihoko Y. , Wu Yen‐Jung J. , Triplett Colin C. , Sirk Martin M. , Korpela Eric J. , Harding Brian J. , Englert Christoph R. , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn near‐Earth space, variations in thermospheric composition have important implications for thermosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The ratio of O to N2 is often measured using far‐UV airglow observations. Taking such airglow observations from space, looking below the Earth's limb allows for the total column of O and N2 in the ionosphere to be determined. While these observations have enabled many previous studies, determining the impact of nonmigrating tides on thermospheric composition has proved difficult, owing to a small contamination of the signal by recombination of ionospheric O+. New ICON observations of far‐UV are presented here, and their general characteristics are shown. Using these, along with other observations and a global circulation model, we show that during the morning hours and at latitudes away from the peak of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly, the impact of nonmigrating tides on thermospheric composition can be observed. During March–April 2020, the column O/N2 ratio was seen to vary by 3–4% of the zonal mean. By comparing the amplitude of the variation observed with that in the model, both the utility of these observations and a pathway to enable future studies is shown.
Viscoplastic Rheology of α‐Quartz Investigated by Nanoindentation
Authors: Strozewski Benjamin , Sly Michael K. , Flores Katharine M. , Skemer Philip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuartz is an abundant mineral in Earth's crust whose mechanical behavior plays a significant role in the deformation of the continental lithosphere. However, the viscoplastic rheology of quartz is difficult to measure experimentally at low temperatures without high confining pressures due to the tendency of quartz (and other geologic materials) to fracture under these conditions. Instrumented nanoindentation experiments inhibit cracking even at ambient conditions, by imposing locally high mean stress, allowing for the measurement of the viscoplastic rheology of hard materials over a wide range of temperatures. Here we measure the indentation hardness of four synthetic quartz specimens and one natural quartz specimen with varying water contents over a temperature range of 23°C to 500°C. Yield stress, which is calculated from hardness but is model dependent, is fit to a constitutive flow law for low‐temperature plasticity to estimate the athermal Peierls stress of quartz. Below 500°C, the yield stresses presented here are lower than those obtained by extrapolating a flow law constrained by experiments at higher temperatures irrespective of the applied model. Indentation hardness and yield stress depend weakly on crystallographic orientation but show no dependence on water content.
A Link Between Plant Stress and Hydrodynamics? Indications From a Freshwater Macrophyte
Authors: Vettori D. , Niewerth S. , Aberle J. , Rice S. P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLive plants are increasingly used in hydraulic laboratories to investigate flow‐vegetation interactions. In such experiments, they are often exposed to stressful handling and storage that can cause strong physiological responses and modifications in plant biomechanics. Little is known about the potential effect of these impacts on the performance of plants during hydraulic experiments. In this multidisciplinary study with a freshwater macrophyte (Potamogeton natans) we assess whether the duration and the conditions in which plants are stored in a laboratory prior to testing can impact plant stress, biomechanics and hydrodynamics, and quantify this impact. Plant stress was evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis (and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II as specific indicator). Plant hydrodynamics were assessed using the drag coefficient calculated from drag force measurements at two flow scenarios. The results show that different plant handling/storage procedures can have a significant impact on plant hydrodynamics even within a short time frame, with a variation of the mean drag coefficient of approximately 30% across groups, which is comparable to the variation found across different species of freshwater macrophytes in previous studies. Plants with the highest level of stress were also characterized by the lowest drag coefficient across the groups considered, suggesting a potential link between plant stress and hydrodynamics.
Quantum superposition demonstrated higher-order topological bound states in the continuum
Authors: Wang Yao , Xie Bi-Ye , Lu Yong-Heng , Chang Yi-Jun , Wang Hong-Fei , Gao Jun , Jiao Zhi-Qiang , Feng Zhen , Xu Xiao-Yun , Mei Feng , Jia Suotang , Lu Ming-Hui , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigher-order topological insulators, as newly found non-trivial materials and structures, possess topological phases beyond the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. In previous studies, in-gap boundary states such as the corner states were regarded as conclusive evidence for the emergence of higher-order topological insulators. Here, we present an experimental observation of a photonic higher-order topological insulator with corner states embedded into the bulk spectrum, denoted as the higher-order topological bound states in the continuum. Especially, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new way to identify topological corner states by exciting them separately from the bulk states with photonic quantum superposition states. Our results extend the topological bound states in the continuum into higher-order cases, providing an unprecedented mechanism to achieve robust and localized states in a bulk spectrum. More importantly, our experiments exhibit the advantage of using the time evolution of quantum superposition states to identify topological corner modes, which may shed light on future exploration between quantum dynamics and higher-order topological photonics.
Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy
Authors: Kang Jian , Brajanovski Natalie , Chan Keefe T. , Xuan Jiachen , Pearson Richard B. , Sanij Elaine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRibosome biogenesis and protein synthesis are fundamental rate-limiting steps for cell growth and proliferation. The ribosomal proteins (RPs), comprising the structural parts of the ribosome, are essential for ribosome assembly and function. In addition to their canonical ribosomal functions, multiple RPs have extra-ribosomal functions including activation of p53-dependent or p53-independent pathways in response to stress, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Defects in ribosome biogenesis, translation, and the functions of individual RPs, including mutations in RPs have been linked to a diverse range of human congenital disorders termed ribosomopathies. Ribosomopathies are characterized by tissue-specific phenotypic abnormalities and higher cancer risk later in life. Recent discoveries of somatic mutations in RPs in multiple tumor types reinforce the connections between ribosomal defects and cancer. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular consequences of RP mutations and ribosomal defects in ribosomopathies and cancer. We particularly discuss the molecular basis of the transition from hypo- to hyper-proliferation in ribosomopathies with elevated cancer risk, a paradox termed “Dameshek’s riddle.” Furthermore, we review the current treatments for ribosomopathies and prospective therapies targeting ribosomal defects. We also highlight recent advances in ribosome stress-based cancer therapeutics. Importantly, insights into the mechanisms of resistance to therapies targeting ribosome biogenesis bring new perspectives into the molecular basis of cancer susceptibility in ribosomopathies and new clinical implications for cancer therapy.
Loss of ID3 drives papillary thyroid cancer metastasis by targeting E47-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xu Sunwang , Mo Caiqin , Lin Junyu , Yan Yixing , Liu Xiaoyu , Wu Kunlin , Zhang Huihao , Zhu Youzhi , Chen Ling , Chen Xiangjin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the main histological type of thyroid cancer and accounts for almost all increased cases worldwide. Patients with PTC exhibit a favorable prognosis, but the fact that PTC is often accompanied by a high prevalence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) means that the overall recurrence-free survival rate in PTC patients is relatively low. Herein, we identified that ID3 expression is subdued in PTC tissues and closely associated with LNM and a poor disease-free survival outcome in PTC patients. The main contributor to this gene repression is the hypermethylation of the CpG island at the promoter of ID3. Besides, we uncovered that a loss of ID3 promotes invasion and migration of PTC cells, while an ectopic overexpression of ID3 inhibits invasion and migration. Mechanistically, ID3 exhibits tumor suppressor functions in PTC cells by interacting with E47 to form heterodimers that prevent E47 binding to CDH1 promoter and maintaining CDH1 transcription and epithelial phenotype in PTC cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ID3 plays a tumor suppressor role in PTC and impedes metastasis by inhibiting E47-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Subclass and avidity of circumsporozoite protein specific antibodies associate with protection status against malaria infection
Authors: Seaton Kelly E. , Spreng Rachel L. , Abraha Milite , Reichartz Matthew , Rojas Michelle , Feely Frederick , Huntwork Richard H. C. , Dutta Sheetij , Mudrak Sarah V. , Alam S. Munir , Gregory Scott , Jongert Erik , Coccia Margherita , Ulloa-Montoya Fernando , Wille-Reece Ulrike , Tomaras Georgia D. , Dennison S. Moses 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRTS,S/AS01 is an advanced pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate with demonstrated vaccine efficacy up to 86.7% in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies; however, reproducible immune correlates of protection (CoP) are elusive. To identify candidates of humoral correlates of vaccine mediated protection, we measured antibody magnitude, subclass, and avidity for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by multiplex assays in two CHMI studies with varying RTS,S/AS01B vaccine dose and timing regimens. Central repeat (NANP6) IgG1 magnitude correlated best with protection status in univariate analyses and was the most predictive for protection in a multivariate model. NANP6 IgG3 magnitude, CSP IgG1 magnitude, and total serum antibody dissociation phase area-under-the-curve for NANP6, CSP, NPNA3, and N-interface binding were also associated with protection status in the regimen adjusted univariate analysis. Identification of multiple immune response features that associate with protection status, such as antibody subclasses, fine specificity and avidity reported here may accelerate development of highly efficacious vaccines against P. falciparum.
LIVECell—A large-scale dataset for label-free live cell segmentation
Authors: Edlund Christoffer , Jackson Timothy R. , Khalid Nabeel , Bevan Nicola , Dale Timothy , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz , Trygg Johan , Sjögren Rickard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLight microscopy combined with well-established protocols of two-dimensional cell culture facilitates high-throughput quantitative imaging to study biological phenomena. Accurate segmentation of individual cells in images enables exploration of complex biological questions, but can require sophisticated imaging processing pipelines in cases of low contrast and high object density. Deep learning-based methods are considered state-of-the-art for image segmentation but typically require vast amounts of annotated data, for which there is no suitable resource available in the field of label-free cellular imaging. Here, we present LIVECell, a large, high-quality, manually annotated and expert-validated dataset of phase-contrast images, consisting of over 1.6 million cells from a diverse set of cell morphologies and culture densities. To further demonstrate its use, we train convolutional neural network-based models using LIVECell and evaluate model segmentation accuracy with a proposed a suite of benchmarks.