bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Formal (4+2)‐ and (2+2+2)‐Cycloaddition Between 1‐Azadienes and Styrylmalonates as Analogues of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Sergeev Pavel G. , Novikov Roman A. , Tomilov Yury V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reactions of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) and isomeric β‐styrylmalonates with conformationally non‐rigid α,β‐unsaturated imines in the presence of Lewis acids were studied. The effect of the structural features of starting compounds on the process course was determined. The main attention was focused to discover the reaction conditions for the formal (4+2)‐cycloaddition pathway with the possibility of variation of the α‐substituent in azadiene instead of known (3+2)‐cycloaddition synthetic methodology. Based on the results obtained, a method for the diastereoselective synthesis of substituted trans,trans‐tetrahydropyridines was developed. Three substrate‐sensitive diverse Lewis acid catalytic systems have been employed based on Sc(OTf)3, Sn(OTf)2, and GaCl3. The use of GaCl3 as a Lewis acid allows to obtain a minor product of the formal (2+2+2)‐cycloaddition, which represents a fully 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexasubstituted cyclohexane derivative produced with diastereoselectivity >30:1. Appropriate mechanistic and stereochemical models have been suggested.magnified image
The Use of Green‐Solvent Processable Molecules with Large Dipole Moments in the Electron Extraction Layer of Inverted Organic Solar Cells as a Universal Route for Enhancing Stability
Authors: Sadeghianlemraski Mozhgan , Nouri Mohammad , Wong William S. , Aziz Hany 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmploying a large dipole interlayer has recently been one of the most captivating interfacial engineering approaches in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the effect of using green‐solvent processable molecules with large dipole moments as electron extraction layers (DM‐EELs) on OSCs’ stability is investigated. The inverted OSCs are based on two donor–acceptor systems, with histidine and sarcosine as representative DM‐EELs and with ZnO as a control EEL. Stability results illustrate that while the dominant degradation mechanism depends on the donor–acceptor system (photoinduced degradation vs temporal degradation), using DM‐EELs substantially suppresses degradation and enhances stability in both cases. The voltage‐dependent ideality factor characteristics show that the DM‐EEL OSCs exhibit minimal recombination mechanism changes even after UV exposure. By contrast, ZnO cells are limited by significant shunt formation and UV‐induced surface recombination. Low‐temperature measurements verify that unlike the indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO contact, the ITO/DM‐EEL contact is not affected by trap states or work function variations. As a result, the ITO/DM‐EEL contact maintains its electron‐selectivity and resists UV‐induced surface recombination observed in the ZnO cells. The results show that using green‐solvent processable materials with large dipole moments as EELs can provide a universal route for enhancing the stability of inverted OSCs.
Charge Traps in All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanowire Field‐Effect Phototransistors
Authors: Winterer Felix , Walter Lisa Sophie , Lenz Jakob , Seebauer Stefan , Tong Yu , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Weitz Ralf Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic halide perovskite materials have recently emerged as outstanding materials for optoelectronic applications. However, although critical for developing novel technologies, the influence of charge traps on charge transport in all‐inorganic systems still remains elusive. Here, the charge transport properties in cesium lead bromide, nanowire films are probed using a field‐effect transistor geometry. Field‐effect mobilities of μFET = 4 × 10−3 cm−2 V−1 s−1 and photoresponsivities in the range of R = 25 A W−1 are demonstrated. Furthermore, charge transport both with and without illumination is investigated down to cryogenic temperatures. Without illumination, deep traps dominate transport and the mobility freezes out at low temperatures. Despite the presence of deep traps, when illuminating the sample, the field‐effect mobility increases by several orders of magnitude and even phonon‐limited transport characteristics are visible. This can be seen as an extension to the notion of “defect tolerance” of perovskite materials that has solely been associated with shallow traps. These findings provide further insight in understanding charge transport in perovskite materials and underlines that managing deep traps can open up a route to optimizing optoelectronic devices such as solar cells or phototransistors operable also at low light intensities.
Reflections on the history of genetic medicine at Johns Hopkins University
Authors: Migeon Barbara R. , Kazazian Haig H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo members of the faculty—who witnessed the birth of Genetic Medicine and remained to see it evolve—present their reflections about the history of genetic medicine at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. They tell how the genetic units in Pediatrics and Medicine that were initiated by Barton Childs and Victor McKusick, respectively, became the McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine in 2020.
Disauerstoffaktivierung und Pyrrol‐α‐Spaltung mit Calix[4]pyrrolatoaluminaten: Enzymmodell durch strukturellen Zwang
Authors: Sigmund Lukas Maximilian , Ehlert Christopher , Enders Markus , Graf Jürgen , Gryn'ova Ganna , Greb Lutz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Reaktion von Triplett‐Disauerstoff mit den porphyrinogenen Calix[4]pyrrolatoaluminaten hin zu Alkylperoxidoaluminaten mit hoher Selektivität. Multikonfigurationsquantenchemische Berechnungen beleuchten den spinverbotenen Prozess. Ungeachtet einer vernachlässigbaren Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplungskonstante wird die Interkombination (intersystem crossing) durch die Entartung des Singulett‐ und Triplett‐Zustands sowie durch spinvibronische Kopplung ermöglicht. Die gebildeten Peroxide sind stabil gegenüber externen Substraten, gehen allerdings eine beispiellose oxidative Pyrrol‐α‐Spaltung mittels einer durch Ligand‐Aromatisierung/‐dearomatisierung initiierten Spaltung der O‐O‐σ‐Bindung ein. Ein detaillierter Vergleich der Calix[4]pyrrolatoaluminate mit disauerstoffbezogener Enzymologie liefert Einblicke in die Arbeitsweise von metall‐ und cofaktorfreien Enzymen. Diese Zusammenhänge bekräftigen die Wichtigkeit von strukturellem Zwang und Element‐Ligand‐Kooperativität für die Funktionen des aeroben Lebens.
A micro‐to‐macro approach to returns, volumes and waiting times
Authors: D'Amico Guglielmo , Petroni Filippo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModelling stock prices has been a research topic for many decades and it is still an open question. Different approaches have been used in the literature, the majority of which can be classified within the so‐called econometric framework and sometimes also referred to as the macro‐to‐micro approach. Another strand of literature relies on the modelling of directly observable quantities, the so‐called micro‐to‐macro approach. Based on this second line of research, we propose a new multivariate stochastic process to model simultaneously price returns, trading volumes and the time interval between changes in trades, price and volume. The proposed model is based on a generalization of semi‐Markov chain models and copulas and is motivated by empirical evidence that the three mentioned variables are correlated and long‐range autocorrelated. Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, we compared our model with real data from the Italian stock market and show that it can reproduce many empirical pieces of evidence. The proposed model can be used in the field of portfolio optimization, development of risk measure and volatility forecasting.
Simultaneous determination of cellular adenosine nucleotides, malondialdehyde, and uric acid using HPLC
Authors: Chen Yanjie , Ji Peng , Ma Guangyin , Song Zehua , Tang Bruce Qing , Li Tongju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdenine nucleotides and malondialdehyde (MDA) are key components involved in energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Measuring the levels of these components at the same time would be critical in studying mitochondrial functions. We have established a HPLC method to simultaneously measure adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, MDA, and uric acid (UA). The samples were treated with perchloric acid followed by centrifugation. After neutralization, the supernatant was subjected to HPLC determination. HPLC was performed using a C18 chromatographic column, isocratic elusion, and UV detection. The detection and quantification limits for these components were determined with standard solutions. The precision, repeatability, and 24‐h stability were evaluated using cellular samples, and their relative standard deviations were all within 2%. The reproducibility and efficiency were confirmed with sample recovery tests and the observed oxidative effects of H2O2 on Jurkat cells. With this method, we discovered the dependence of energy and oxidative states on the density of Jurkat cells cultured in suspension. We also found a significant correlation between UA in serum and that in saliva. These results indicate that this method has good accuracy and applicability. It can be used in biological, pharmacological, and clinical studies, especially those involving mitochondria, ROS, and purinergic signaling.
Association between neurological outcome and poststroke comorbid mood and anxiety disorders: A real‐life experience
Authors: Rabat Yolaine , Houeze Richard , Sagnier Sharmila , Olindo Stephane , Poli Mathilde , Debruxelles Sabrina , Renou Pauline , Rouanet François , Berthoz Sylvie , Sibon Igor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPoststroke depression (PSD) and anxiety (PSA) are prevalent and have a strong impact on functional outcome. Beside stroke severity, little is known on their clinical determinants. This study investigated the association between stroke mechanism, neurological poststroke complications and remaining vascular risk factors and the presence of comorbid PSD and PSA, termed poststroke emotional distress (PSED).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively compiled medical records database of consecutive patients evaluated during a follow‐up visit 3‐ to 4‐month poststroke. HAD scale was used to define PSED category (PSD+PSA vs. NoPSD+NoPSA). Stroke mechanism and poststroke complications were identified clinically or using appropriate scales. Their association with PSED was tested using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsThe sample included 2,300 patients (male: 64.8%); 19% had a PSED and 56.39% were free of any depression or anxiety. The most frequent poststroke complications were fatigue/fatigability (58.4%), sleep problems (26.7%), and pain (20.4%). While no association was observed between PSED and stroke mechanism, higher functional disability (OR:1.572), lower cognitive abilities (OR:0.953), sleep problems (OR:2.334), pain (OR:1.478), fatigue/fatigability (OR:2.331), and abnormal movements (OR:2.380) were all independent risk factors. Persisting tobacco consumption (OR:1.360) was the only vascular significant risk factor.ConclusionsThe frequency of comorbid PSED remains high (1/5 patient) despite improved awareness of these conditions. The association between poststroke complications and the presence of PSED emphasizes the need for standardized neurological and psychological evaluations at follow‐up. These results foster the need to improve the management of addictive behaviors to reduce the burden of PSED.
Multicenter clinical evaluation of a piezoresistive‐MEMS‐sensor rapid‐exchange pressure microcatheter system for fractional flow reserve measurement
Authors: Li Chenguang , Yang Junqing , Dong Shaohong , Dong Liang , Chen Jiyan , Shen Li , Zhang Feng , Li Changling , Liu Huadong , Hu Xinyang , Hau William Kongto , Qian Juying , Jeremias Allen , Wang Jian'an , Ge Junbo ,   for the SUPREME Study Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis multicenter, prospective clinical study investigates whether the microelectromechanical‐systems‐(MEMS)‐sensor pressure microcatheter (MEMS‐PMC) is comparable to a conventional pressure wire in fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement.BackgroundAs a conventional tool for FFR measurement, pressure wires (PWs) still have some limitations such as suboptimal handling characteristics and unable to maintain the wire position during pullback assessment. Recently, a MEMS‐PMC compatible with any 0.014″ guidewire is developed. Compared with the existing optical‐sensor PMC, this MEMS‐PMC has smaller profiles at both the lesion crossing and sensor packaging areas.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐two patients with visually 30–70% coronary stenosis were enrolled at four centers. FFR was measured first with the MEMS‐PMC, and then with the PW. The primary endpoint was the Bland–Altman mean bias between the MEMS‐PMC and PW FFR.ResultsFrom the 224‐patient per‐protocol data, quantitative coronary angiography showed 17.9% and 55.9% vessels had diameter < 2.5 mm and stenosis >50%, respectively. The two systems' mean bias was −0.01 with [−0.08, 0.06] 95% limits‐of‐agreement. Using PW FFR≤0.80 as cutoff, the MEMS‐PMC per‐vessel diagnostic accuracy was 93.4% [95% confidence interval: 89.4–96.3%]. The MEMS‐PMC's success rate was similar to that of PW (97.5 vs. 96.3%, p = .43) with no serious adverse event, and its clinically‐significant (>0.03) drift rate was 43% less (9.5 vs. 16.7%, p = .014).ConclusionsOur study showed the MEMS‐PMC is safe to use and has a minimal bias equal to the resolution of current FFR systems. Given the MEMS‐PMC's high measurement accuracy and rapid‐exchange nature, it may become an attractive new tool facilitating routine coronary physiology assessment.
Impact of stent length and diameter on 10‐year mortality in the SYNTAXES trial
Authors: Hara Hironori , Ono Masafumi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Kogame Norihiro , Mack Michael J. , Holmes David R. , Morice Marie‐Claude , Davierwala Piroze M. , Mohr Friedrich W. , Thuijs Daniel J.F.M. , Head Stuart J. , Kappetein Arie Pieter , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. ,   for the SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the impact of total stent length (TSL) and average nominal stent diameter (ASD) on 10‐year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the SYNTAXES trial.BackgroundTSL and ASD in patients treated with PCI are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. However, the treatment effect of PCI with extensive and/or small stenting as compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for complex coronary artery disease has not been fully evaluated.MethodsImpacts on mortality of extensive stenting defined as TSL >100 mm and small stenting as ASD <3 mm were analyzed in 893 PCI patients and were compared to 865 CABG patients.ResultsTSL as a continuous variable was significantly associated with 10‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [1.01–1.09] per 10 mm increase). PCI patients with extensive stenting had a higher 10 year mortality than CABG patients (adjusted HR, 1.97 [1.41–2.74]) or not‐ extensive stenting PCI (adjusted HR, 1.94 [1.36–2.77]). Although ASD did not have a significant association with 10 year mortality (adjusted HR, 0.97 [0.85–1.11] per 0.25 mm increase), PCI with small stents was associated with a higher 10 year mortality, compared to CABG (adjusted HR, 1.66 [1.23–2.26]) and PCI performed with large stents (adjusted HR, 1.74 [1.19–2.53]). Patients treated with not‐extensive and large stents had similar mortality rates (24.0 versus 23.8%) as those treated with CABG.ConclusionsExtensive and small stenting were associated with higher 10 year mortality, compared with CABG. When patients have to be treated with extensive or small stenting, revascularization with CABG should be preferred.
Clinical outcome of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and angiographic evidence of coronary artery ectasia
Authors: Baldi Cesare , Silverio Angelo , Esposito Luca , Di Maio Marco , Tarantino Fabio , De Angelis Elena , Fierro Giuseppe , Attisano Tiziana , Di Muro Michele Roberto , Maione Antongiulio , Pierri Adele , Vigorito Francesco , Vecchione Carmine , Galasso Gennaro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to compare the long‐term outcome of subjects with and without CAE undergoing emergent coronary angiography.BackgroundThe prognostic impact of CAE in STEMI patients has been poorly investigated.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center, study included consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing emergent coronary angiography from January 2012 to December 2017. The primary endpoint was the assessment of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with versus those without CAE at the longest available follow‐up. The propensity score weighting technique was employed to account for potential selection bias between groups.ResultsFrom 1,674 patients with STEMI, 154 (9.2%) had an angiographic evidence of CAE; 380 patients were included in the no CAE group. CAE patients were more often males and smokers, and showed a lower prevalence of diabetes than no CAE patients. After percutaneous coronary intervention, the corrected thrombolysis in MI frame count (p < .001) and the myocardial blush grade (p < .001) were significantly lower in CAE than in no CAE patients.The mean follow‐up was 1,218.3 ± 574.8 days. The adjusted risk for the primary outcome resulted significantly higher in patients with CAE compared to those without (adjusted HR: 1.84; p = .017). No differences in terms of all‐cause and cardiac death were found between groups.ConclusionsIn this study, STEMI patients with CAE had a distinct clinical and angiographic profile, and showed a significantly higher risk of recurrent MI than those without CAE.
Dapsone‐induced methemoglobinemia—A case report
Authors: Kabir Hasanul , Lakshmanan Ramnathan , Gopinath Sumana , Bhonagiri Deepak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDapsone therapy is associated with methemoglobinemia. Pulse oximetry is used to indicate adequate oxygen saturations, and co‐oximetry is needed to diagnose low arterial oxygen saturations. Clinicians should aware while prescribing dapsone.
Quetiapine‐induced sleep‐related eating disorder: A case report
Authors: Kanagasundram Sharmilla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is the first case report of two depressed Malay females prescribed quetiapine, the first patient developed sleep related eating disorder (SRED) on 200 mg per day and the second patient at 50 mg per day. Both resolved with discontinuation of the drug. Assessment for SRED should be done at every follow up.
3D printing‐enabled advanced electrode architecture design
Authors: Chu Tiankuo , Park Soyeon , Fu Kun (Kelvin) 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA high‐performance energy storage device plays an important role in controlling carbon emissions. The emerging additive manufacturing techniques bring a great revolution of electrode fabrication process and promote the performance of energy storage devices through the advanced electrode architecture design. In this paper, recent studies on the three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed electrode with advanced architecture have been mainly reviewed, including interdigitated structure, through‐thickness aligned structure, hierarchical porous structure and fiber and fibric structure of electrodes, and expectations for the development of novel advanced electrode architecture generated and optimized by computational simulation and machine learning. The strategy of advanced electrode architecture design and fabrication enabled by the 3D printing technique represents a promising direction toward future energy storage devices with high electrochemical and mechanical performance.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Gold‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of 1,1‐Dimethylallene with N‐Methylaniline
Authors: Harris Robert J. , Nakafuku Kohki , Duncan Alethea N. , Carden Robert G. , Timmerman Jacob C. , Widenhoefer Ross A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of the intermolecular hydroamination of 3‐methylbuta‐1,2‐diene (1) with N‐methylaniline (2) catalyzed by (IPr)AuOTf has been studied by employing a combination of kinetic analysis, deuterium labelling studies, and in situ spectral analysis of catalytically active mixtures. The results of these and additional experiments are consistent with a mechanism for hydroamination involving reversible, endergonic displacement of N‐methylaniline from [(IPr)Au(NHMePh)]+ (4) by allene to form the cationic gold π‐C1,C2‐allene complex [(IPr)Au(η2‐H2C=C=CMe2)]+ (I), which is in rapid, endergonic equilibrium with the regioisomeric π‐C2,C3‐allene complex [(IPr)Au(η2‐Me2C=C=CH2)]+ (I′). Rapid and reversible outer‐sphere addition of 2 to the terminal allene carbon atom of I′ to form gold vinyl complex (IPr)Au[C(=CH2)CMe2NMePh] (II) is superimposed on the slower addition of 2 to the terminal allene carbon atom of I to form gold vinyl complex (IPr)Au[C(=CMe2)CH2NMePh] (III). Selective protodeauration of III releases N‐methyl‐N‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)aniline (3 a) with regeneration of 4. At high conversion, gold vinyl complex II is competitively trapped by an (IPr)Au+ fragment to form the cationic bis(gold) vinyl complex {[(IPr)Au]2[C(=CH2)CMe2NMePh]}+ (6).
Influence of the Impaction Angle on the Triboelectric Charging of Aerosol Nanoparticles
Authors: Bierwirth Malte , Gensch Manuel , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA low pressure impactor is used to measure triboelectric charging behavior of metallic nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles, produced by spark discharge, were impacted onto Pt sputtered targets. The influence of the impaction angle and impaction velocity on the triboelectric charging was investigated. While for perpendicular impaction the charge transfer behavior of previous work was confirmed, the oblique impaction revealed new phenomena. Additional charge transfer was observable, which increases with obliqueness. The possibility of mass transfer between particle and target due to the high‐energy collisions was also investigated. SEM characterization and Auger spectroscopy indicate mass transfer from the particle to the target surface.
Two‐Phase Flow Morphology and Phase Fractions in Larger Feed Line Sections
Authors: Döß Alexander , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe , Mehringer Christian , Geipel Christian , Schleicher Eckhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe design of industrial feed line sections and the selection of appropriate inlet devices requires knowledge about the two‐phase flow morphology and phase fractions in order to reduce costly overdesign. Since experimental data for two‐phase pipe flows at industrial scale are hardly available, current prediction methods are subject to high unertainities. In this study, horizontal two‐phase flow morphologies for different industrial feed line sections were studied using wire‐mesh sensors at multiple locations along the pipe. The obtained phase fraction data are compared with correlations.