bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new generation of cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) containing heavy metal free modifier
Authors: I.Al-Mosawi Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany additives are used to improve the performance of cables in terms of increasing their flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. Unfortunately, most of these additives contain heavy metals. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to introduce a material representing a new generation of environmentally friendly heavy metal-free stabilizers for cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) that can compete with traditional materials in terms of performance and distinctive properties. This unique additive is Oxydtron, a synthetic silicate or simply nanocement. The tests performed are rheological properties represented by a capillary rheometry analysis, limiting oxygen index, and volume resistivity. The most significant improvement in Bagley correction measurements was 14.61%; 18.13%; and 27.20% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation when using 5wt.% Oxydtron at 160 °C, 170 °C, and 180 °C, respectively. Also, the mean increases in relaxation time were 3.200 times, 8.825 times, and 12.458 times more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation with 1wt.%, 3wt.%, and 5wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively. Furthermore, the Oxydtron lowered the value of the accompanying thermal gradient of the L.O.I test, reducing the heat-affected zone. The best result was with the extrusion processing method due to the uniformity of the processing conditions. However, the thermal gradient analysis showed residual heat stress in the test samples after cutting the burning layer and re-testing the samples again; this causes them to burn faster. This situation requires caution for designs that are exposed to high temperatures without burning. The optimum improvement in volume resistivity value was 14.71% and 38.24% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation after adding 5wt.% and 7wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively.
Elevated baseline C-reactive protein levels predict poor progression-free survival in sporadic vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Wach Johannes , Güresir Ági , Borger Valeri , Schuss Patrick , Becker Albert , Coch Christoph , Schmitz Marie-Therese , Hölzel Michael , Toma Marieta , Herrlinger Ulrich , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent investigations showed emerging evidence of the role of inflammation in the growth of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS). The present retrospective study investigated the impact of systemic inflammation on tumor progression using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a series of 87 surgically treated sporadic VS patients.

Methods
The optimal cut-off value for CRP was defined as 3.14 mg/dl according to the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC: 0.70, 95% CI 0.47–0.92). Patient cohort was dichotomized into normal (n = 66; < 3.14 mg/dl) and high baseline (n = 21; ≥ 3.14 mg/dl) CRP groups.

Results
No significant differences in age, sex, comorbidities influencing the systemic inflammatory state, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), tumor size, extent of resection, or MIB-1 index were identified between the two groups defined by the baseline CRP levels. Univariable analysis demonstrated that a high CRP level (≥ 3.14 mg/dl) is significantly associated with a shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio (HR): 6.05, 95% CI 1.15–31.95, p = 0.03). Multivariable Cox regression analysis considering age, extent of resection, KPS, tumor size, and baseline CRP confirmed that an elevated CRP level (≥ 3.14 mg/dl) is an independent predictor of shortened PFS (HR: 7.20, 95% CI 1.08–48.14, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
The baseline CRP level thus serves as an independent predictor of PFS. Further investigations of the role of inflammation and tumor inflammatory microenvironment in the prediction of prognosis in sporadic VS are needed.

Graphical abstract
Influence of Potable Water Origin on the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Plasma Activated Water
Authors: Simon Stephane , Salgado Breno , Hasan Mohammad I. , Sivertsvik Morten , Fernández Estefania Noriega , Walsh James L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe interaction between a cold gas plasma and water creates a plasma activated liquid, a solution rich in highly reactive chemical species. Such liquids have garnered considerable attention due to their powerful antimicrobial properties and ease of production. In this contribution, air plasma was used to activate potable water samples from five different countries, including the UK, France, Norway, Slovenia and Palestine. All water samples had an initial pH in the range of 7.9 to 8.2, following plasma activation samples from the UK and Norway reached a pH below 3, whereas water from France and Palestine remained stable at 8. The concentration of NO3− increased in all samples, reaching a maximum concentration of 3 mM after 25 min plasma exposure; whereas the concentration of NO2− showed a non-linear dependence with exposure time, reaching between 10 and 25 µM after 25 min of exposure. To demonstrate the impact of water origin on the antimicrobial potential of each solution, the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was considered. It was found that activated water from the UK was capable of achieving > 6 log reduction, whereas water from Palestine was only able to achieve a 0.4 log reduction, despite both liquids receiving an identical plasma exposure. The study demonstrates the importance of initial water composition on the level of plasma activation, indicating that additional purification steps prior to activation may be necessary to ensure efficacy and repeatability.
How are social origin, destination and mobility linked to physical, mental, and self-rated health? Evidence from the United States
Authors: Bulczak Grzegorz , Gugushvili Alexi , Zelinska Olga 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor decades, scholars have been exploring persistent inequalities in health by studying the roles of origin and destination socioeconomic positions (SEP), and the importance of social mobility trajectories from childhood to adult life in individuals’ wellbeing. However, this literature does not produce consistent and systematic findings on the relative importance of origin and destination SEP and independent social mobility effects. One of the main reasons for this is a set of methodological choices and decisions which researchers make. Arguably, one of the most critical aspects of research design is the operationalisation of SEP and the selection of health outcomes, usually without accounting for initial values of the health indicators employed. Using a nationally representative longitudinal dataset (Add Health) for the United States and diagonal reference models, in the present study, we examine how the choice of SEP in terms of educational, occupational, and income attainment, and the choice of health measures in terms of obesity, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health, influence findings on the origin and destination effects, as well as the health implications of social mobility. We also address the health selection problem by explicitly accounting for adolescents’ health in terms of each health outcome considered. Our results indicate that both choosing SEP and health measures, and accounting for social mobility and adolescent health have a noticeable impact on the relative importance of social origin and destination positions for health outcomes. We do not find evidence that social mobility has an independent effect on health, or that individuals’ previous health status moderates this association.
Altered Aortic Hemodynamics and Relative Pressure in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marlevi David , Mariscal-Harana Jorge , Burris Nicholas S. , Sotelo Julio , Ruijsink Bram , Hadjicharalambous Myrianthi , Asner Liya , Sammut Eva , Chabiniok Radomir , Uribe Sergio , Winter Reidar , Lamata Pablo , Alastruey Jordi , Nordsletten David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVentricular-vascular interaction is central in the adaptation to cardiovascular disease. However, cardiomyopathy patients are predominantly monitored using cardiac biomarkers. The aim of this study is therefore to explore aortic function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Fourteen idiopathic DCM patients and 16 controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, with aortic relative pressure derived using physics-based image processing and a virtual cohort utilized to assess the impact of cardiovascular properties on aortic behaviour. Subjects with reduced left ventricular systolic function had significantly reduced aortic relative pressure, increased aortic stiffness, and significantly delayed time-to-pressure peak duration. From the virtual cohort, aortic stiffness and aortic volumetric size were identified as key determinants of aortic relative pressure. As such, this study shows how advanced flow imaging and aortic hemodynamic evaluation could provide novel insights into the manifestation of DCM, with signs of both altered aortic structure and function derived in DCM using our proposed imaging protocol.
Graphic Abstractr
Pigments—Arsenic-based yellows and reds
Authors: Gliozzo Elisabetta , Burgio Lucia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This review offers an update on arsenic-bearing minerals and pigments with the aim of serving as a guide for the study of Cultural Heritage materials in which these materials can be found.The different As-bearing mineral phases (realgar, pararealgar, orpiment, anorpiment, alacranite, dimorphite, bonazziite, uzonite, wakabayashilite, duranusite, arsenolite and claudetite) and some of their light-induced products are examined. The occurrence of As-sulfides and their trade, use, alteration and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the analytical techniques commonly used for the identification of arsenic-containing pigments are discussed. The manuscript concludes with a good-practice guide and a summary of key concepts for use by those working in the field of cultural heritage.
Fabricating Na/In/C Composite Anode with Natrophilic Na–In Alloy Enables Superior Na Ion Deposition in the EC/PC Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Yan , Wang Ye , Xu Tingting , Kong Dezhi , Jiang Yang , Wu Di , Tang Yongbing , Li Xinjian , Lee Chun-Sing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn conventional ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte, sodium metal reacts spontaneously and deleteriously with solvent molecules. This significantly limits the practical feasibility of high-voltage sodium metal batteries based on Na metal chemistry. Herein, we present a sodium metal alloy strategy via introducing NaIn and Na2In phases in a Na/In/C composite, aiming at boosting Na ion deposition stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte. Symmetric cells with Na/In/C electrodes achieve an impressive long-term cycling capability at 1 mA cm−2 (> 870 h) and 5 mA cm−2 (> 560 h), respectively, with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. In situ optical microscopy clearly unravels a stable Na ion dynamic deposition process on the Na/In/C composite electrode surface, attributing to a dendrite-free and smooth morphology. Furthermore, theoretical simulations reveal intrinsic mechanism for the reversible Na ion deposition behavior with the composite Na/In/C electrode. Upon pairing with a high-voltage NaVPOF cathode, Na/In/C anode illustrates a better suitability in SMBs. This work promises an alternative alloying strategy for enhancing Na metal interfacial stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte for their future applications.
High-Porosity Foam-Based Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Superhigh Sensitivity of 9280 kPa−1
Authors: Liu Qingxian , Liu Yuan , Shi Junli , Liu Zhiguang , Wang Quan , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity are desired in the fields of electronic skins, human–machine interfaces, and health monitoring. Employing ionic soft materials with microstructured architectures in the functional layer is an effective way that can enhance the amplitude of capacitance signal due to generated electron double layer and thus improve the sensitivity of capacitive-type pressure sensors. However, the requirement of specific apparatus and the complex fabrication process to build such microstructures lead to high cost and low productivity. Here, we report a simple strategy that uses open-cell polyurethane foams with high porosity as a continuous three-dimensional network skeleton to load with ionic liquid in a one-step soak process, serving as the ionic layer in iontronic pressure sensors. The high porosity (95.4%) of PU-IL composite foam shows a pretty low Young’s modulus of 3.4 kPa and good compressibility. A superhigh maximum sensitivity of 9,280 kPa−1 in the pressure regime and a high pressure resolution of 0.125% are observed in this foam-based pressure sensor. The device also exhibits remarkable mechanical stability over 5,000 compression-release or bending-release cycles. Such high porosity of composite structure provides a simple, cost-effective and scalable way to fabricate super sensitive pressure sensor, which has prominent capability in applications of water wave detection, underwater vibration sensing, and mechanical fault monitoring.
Fabrication of High-Density Out-of-Plane Microneedle Arrays with Various Heights and Diverse Cross-Sectional Shapes
Authors: Roh Hyeonhee , Yoon Young Jun , Park Jin Soo , Kang Dong-Hyun , Kwak Seung Min , Lee Byung Chul , Im Maesoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOut-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine interface. This work presents a novel but simple method to fabricate high-density silicon (Si) microneedle arrays with various heights and diverse cross-sectional shapes depending on photomask pattern designs. The proposed fabrication method is composed of a single photolithography and two subsequent deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) steps. First, a photoresist layer was patterned on a Si substrate to define areas to be etched, which will eventually determine the final location and shape of each individual microneedle. Then, the 1st DRIE step created deep trenches with a highly anisotropic etching of the Si substrate. Subsequently, the photoresist was removed for more isotropic etching; the 2nd DRIE isolated and sharpened microneedles from the predefined trench structures. Depending on diverse photomask designs, the 2nd DRIE formed arrays of microneedles that have various height distributions, as well as diverse cross-sectional shapes across the substrate. With these simple steps, high-aspect ratio microneedles were created in the high density of up to 625 microneedles mm−2 on a Si wafer. Insertion tests showed a small force as low as ~ 172 µN/microneedle is required for microneedle arrays to penetrate the dura mater of a mouse brain. To demonstrate a feasibility of drug delivery application, we also implemented silk microneedle arrays using molding processes. The fabrication method of the present study is expected to be broadly applicable to create microneedle structures for drug delivery, neuroprosthetic devices, and so on.
Übernahmeaufforderungen beim hochautomatisierten Fahren mit fahrfremden Tätigkeiten – welche Modalitäten sind geeignet?
Authors: Müller Andreas Lars , Abendroth Bettina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHochautomatisierte Fahrzeuge werden in der Lage sein, die Fahrzeugführung selbständig zu übernehmen, während sich die Fahrer_innen mit fahrfremden Tätigkeiten beschäftigen können. In kritischen Situationen, die das Automatisierungssystem nicht allein bewältigen kann, wird es jedoch weiterhin Übernahmeaufforderungen an den Fahrer/die Fahrerin geben. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Modalitäten für Übernahmeaufforderungen entsprechend einer Reiz-Reaktions-Kompatibilität geeignet sind. Dazu wurden drei unterschiedliche Schnittstellen-Varianten entwickelt und mit insgesamt 126 Proband_innen in zwei unabhängigen Fahrsimulator-Studien überprüft. Innerhalb der ersten Studie wurden eine visuelle, eine vibrotaktile oder eine multimodale (Kombination aus visueller, vibrotaktiler und akustischer) Übernahmeaufforderung untersucht. Die zweite Studie konzentrierte sich auf die mentale Beanspruchung und die Rückübernahmefähigkeit bei Ausführung verschiedener fahrfremder Tätigkeiten während hochautomatisierter Fahrt. Diese Studie ergab, dass die Dauer der Kontrollübernahme nach einer multimodalen Rückübernahmeaufforderung mit der mentalen Beanspruchung der fahrfremden Tätigkeiten korreliert.Praktische Relevanz: Die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Modalitäten für die Informationsübermittlung bei einer Rückübernahmeaufforderung trägt dazu bei, dass in automatisierten Fahrzeugen Modalitäten gewählt werden, die zum einen eine kurze Reaktionszeit der Fahrer_innen unterstützen und zum anderen eine subjektiv positive Bewertung hervorrufen.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A technology review on treatment of acid mine drainage with bentonite–steel slag composite
Authors: Tong Le , Fan Ronggui , Yang Shuangchun , Zhang Qiushi , Pan Yi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) which produced in the process of mining seriously pollutes the water resources and endangers the ecological environment due to its physicochemical characteristics, such as low pH, high salinity and high heavy metal concentrations. In recent decades, the treatment of AMD has become a key issue in the field of environmental protection. One important method of AMD treatment is adsorption method, and the selection of adsorbent is the key of this technique. Bentonite and steel slag are usually sintered at high temperatures to prepare bentonite–steel slag composite. AMD treatment with bentonite–steel slag composite, as a new adsorbent, is emerging as a promising treatment method by physical adsorption, ion exchange and chemical neutralization. The bentonite–steel slag composites mainly include bicomponent composite with bentonite–steel slag and multicomponent composite with bentonite–steel slag modifier. The author found that this important research question was rarely paid attention to, therefore, and the author combined with previous research and theories to promote the explanation of this problem. In this review, the technology of treatment of AMD with bentonite–steel slag composite is comprehensively discussed. Also, the role of its mechanism is also discussed in-depth. This paper provides a scientific reference on the remediation of contaminated environments.
Numerical studies on the heat dissipation process in elastomers under rotating loading direction
Authors: Abdelmoniem M. , Yagimli B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElastomeric components such as car bearings and vibration dampers are subjected to dynamic loads with various amplitudes and loading directions during operation. To better understand the lifetime expectancy of these components it is required to implement a material model that sufficiently accounts for the material thermo-mechanical behaviour. This paper implements a finite viscoelastic model which includes heat dissipation and addresses the effect of inelasticity on the self-heating and the applied loading conditions. The material model is implemented in a user subroutine and finite element calculations are carried out on a simple shear loading with rotating directions. The self-heating effect and the resulting variation of the dissipation induced forces are shown and discussed. With the aid of the presented material model, thermo-mechanically coupled simulations can be performed. Based on the results, the required loading limits and boundary conditions for the mechanical fatigue tests can be defined to minimise the thermal fatigue effects.
On the risk of confusing interpretability with explicability
Authors: Herzog Christian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract﻿This Comment explores the implications of a lack of tools that facilitate an explicable utilization of epistemologically richer, but also more involved white-box approaches in AI. In contrast, advances in explainable artificial intelligence for black-box approaches have led to the availability of semi-standardized and attractive toolchains that offer a seemingly competitive edge over inherently interpretable white-box models in terms of intelligibility towards users. Consequently, there is a need for research on efficient tools for rendering interpretable white-box approaches in AI explicable to facilitate responsible use.
Ensuring a safe(r) harbor: Excising personally identifiable information from structured electronic health record data
Authors: Pfaff Emily R. , Haendel Melissa A. , Kostka Kristin , Lee Adam , Niehaus Emily , Palchuk Matvey B. , Walters Kellie , Chute Christopher G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent findings have shown that the continued expansion of the scope and scale of data collected in electronic health records are making the protection of personally identifiable information (PII) more challenging and may inadvertently put our institutions and patients at risk if not addressed. As clinical terminologies expand to include new terms that may capture PII (e.g., Patient First Name, Patient Phone Number), institutions may start using them in clinical data capture (and in some cases, they already have). Once in use, PII-containing values associated with these terms may find their way into laboratory or observation data tables via extract-transform-load jobs intended to process structured data, putting institutions at risk of unintended disclosure. Here we aim to inform the informatics community of these findings, as well as put out a call to action for remediation by the community.
Prevalence and socio-economic determinants of inadequate dietary diversity among adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Akter Fahmida , Hossain Md Mokbul , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Khan Md Showkat Ali , Hasan Mehedi , Hanif Abu Abdullah Mohammad , Hossaine Moyazzam , Urmy Nushrat Jahan , Ullah Mohammad Aman , Sarker Samir Kanti , Rahman S. M. Mustafizur , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Bulbul Md Mofijul Islam , Mridha Malay Kanti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Malnutrition among adolescents is often associated with inadequate dietary diversity (DD). We aimed to explore the prevalence of inadequate DD and its socio-economic determinants among adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the 2018–19 round of national nutrition surveillance in Bangladesh. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the determinants of inadequate DD among adolescent girls and boys separately. This population-based survey covered eighty-two rural, non-slum urban and slum clusters from all divisions of Bangladesh. A total of 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys were interviewed. The overall prevalence of inadequate DD was higher among girls (55⋅4 %) than the boys (50⋅6 %). Moreover, compared to boys, the prevalence of inadequate DD was higher among the girls for almost all socio-economic categories. Poor educational attainment, poor maternal education, female-headed household, household food insecurity and poor household wealth were associated with increased chances of having inadequate DD in both sexes. In conclusion, more than half of the Bangladeshi adolescent girls and boys consumed an inadequately diversified diet. The socio-economic determinants of inadequate DD should be addressed through context-specific multisectoral interventions.