bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary immunodeficiencies: HSCT experiences of a single center in Turkey
Authors: Erol Cipe Funda , Adakli Aksoy Basak , Aydogdu Selime , Dikme Gurcan , Kiykim Ayca , Aydogmus Cigdem , Yucel Esra , Bozkurt Ceyhun , Fisgin Tunc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are characterized by the occurrence of frequent infections and are caused by many genetic defects. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment option for the majority of PID. As a Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology‐Immunology Transplantation Unit, we wanted to present our HSCT experience regarding treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases.Methods58 patients were included in the study between January 2014 and June 2019. We searched 9/10 or 10/10 matched‐related donor (MRD) firstly, in the absence of fully matched‐related donor. We screened matched unrelated donor (MUD) from donor banks. MRD was used in 24 (41.3%) patients, MUD in 20 (34.4%) patients, and haploidentical donors in 14 (24.1%) patients. Demographic data, HSCT characteristics, and outcome were evaluated. While 16 patients had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the remaining was non‐SCID.ResultsOf the 58 patients, 38 were male and 20 were female. Median age at transplantation was 12 months (range: 2.5–172 months). Combined immunodeficiencies consisted 67.2% of patients. Mean follow‐up time was 27 months (6 months–5 years). Median neutrophil, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte engraftment days were similar in comparison of both donor type and stem cell source. The most common complication was acute GvHD in 15 (25.8%) patients. In total, five patients (31%) belonging to the SCID group and 10 patients (23.8%) belonging to the non‐SCID group died. Our total mortality rate was 15 (25.8%) in all patients.ConclusionsWe would like to present our HSCT experiences as a pediatric immunology transplantation center. Existing severe infections before transplantation period, BCGitis, and CMV are important issues of transplantation in Turkey. However, the follow‐up time is shorter than some studies, our results regarding complications and survival are similar to previous reports.
Absent laws and missing women: Can domestic violence legislation reduce female mortality?
Authors: Amin Mohammad , Islam Asif M. , Lopez‐Claros Augusto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between the presence of domestic violence legislation and the adult mortality of women relative to men. Using a panel of 159 economies between 1990 and 2014, domestic violence legislation is found to be associated with a lower women‐to‐men adult mortality ratio. The most conservative estimate suggests a 2.3% decline relative to the mean sample value. These findings are extended to show that domestic violence legislation is also negatively correlated with physical violence by intimate partners for a cross‐section of economies. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the findings are robust to different estimation methods and empirical specifications.
Kidney transplantation from a SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donor for the recipients with immunity after COVID‐19
Authors: Puodziukaite Lina , Serpytis Mindaugas , Kundrotaite Aurelija , Sipylaite Jurate , Miglinas Marius , Janusaite Marta Monika , Asakiene Egle , Milisauskaite Erika , Zelvys Arunas , Aliancevic Oleg , Jancoriene Ligita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic is evolving very quickly and has affected healthcare systems worldwide. Many uncertainties remain about transplantation from a SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donor as only a few cases have been reported. Here, we present the successful transplantation of 2 kidneys from a 52‐year‐old male donor with active (2 weeks of COVID‐19‐like symptoms and positive nasopharyngeal swab SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction on the day of organ recovery) SARS‐CoV‐2 disease. The immediate postoperative course of both recipients was uneventful. This case emphasizes that patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 may be safe organ donors.
RESPONSE TO BOYLE LECTURE 2021 PANEL AND PARTICIPANT DISCUSSION
Authors: McLeish Tom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe online panel discussion following the 2021 Boyle Lecture, “The Re‐discovery of Contemplation through Science” was very rich, both in terms of the topics raised by the panel members, and the extensive list of questions and suggestions posed by the online participants. Here, I record some initial thoughts in response, grouped under the following headings: Overall Rationale and Purpose, Contemplative Methodologies in Scientific Insight and Broader Practice, Science Culture and Politics, Psychological and Meditative Consequences, Natural Theology of Old and New Kinds, New Atheism, Education, Christian Practice, and Lessons from the History of Science and Technology.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Magnesium Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kartheesan S. , Khan B. Shahul Hamid , Kamaraj M. , Tekumalla Sravya , Gupta Manoj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, a pure magnesium material reinforced with 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 w% of CaO was prepared through disintegrated melt deposition technique (DMD process). Nanocomposites were investigated for their sliding wear behavior in dry condition at room temperature. The amount of CaO, load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity were selected as input design parameters at their five level in central composite design using minitab 18.1 statistical software. The influence of design parameters on wear loss is reported through the response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to confirm the soundness of the developed regression equation. The results indicate the contribution of linear, quadratic, and interaction terms of design parameters on response. Three-dimensional response surface and two-dimensional contour plots indicate the interaction effect. The result shows that an increase in the sliding velocity contributes to a decrease in the wear loss of the composites because of the emergence of protective oxidative layer at the surfaces of the pins, which is confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis analyses of the pin surfaces. Wear loss of the material decreased as the amount of CaO increased. The ANOVA analysis concluded that the sliding distance and load contribute significantly to wear loss of the composites, and their percentage of contribution is 64.02% and 3.69%.
Impact of HCV infection and ethnicity on incident type 2 diabetes: findings from a large population-based cohort in British Columbia
Authors: Jeong Dahn , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Wong Stanley , Wilton James , Butt Zahid Ahmad , Binka Mawuena , Adu Prince Asumadu , Bartlett Sofia , Pearce Margo , Clementi Emilia , Yu Amanda , Alvarez Maria , Samji Hasina , Velásquez García Héctor Alexander , Abdia Younathan , Krajden Mel , Janjua Naveed Zafar 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIncreasing evidence indicates that chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with higher risk of diabetes. Previous studies showed ethnic disparities in the disease burden of diabetes, with increased risk in Asian population. We described the incidence of type 2 diabetes related to HCV infection and assessed the concurrent impact of HCV infection and ethnicity on the risk of diabetes.Research design and methodsIn British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort, individuals were followed from HCV diagnosis to the earliest of (1) incident type 2 diabetes, (2) death or (3) end of the study (December 31, 2015). Study population included 847 021 people. Diabetes incidence rates in people with and without HCV were computed. Propensity scores (PS) analysis was used to assess the impact of HCV infection on newly acquired diabetes. PS-matched dataset included 117 184 people. We used Fine and Gray multivariable subdistributional hazards models to assess the effect of HCV and ethnicity on diabetes while adjusting for confounders and competing risks.ResultsDiabetes incidence rates were higher among people with HCV infection than those without. The highest diabetes incidence rate was in South Asians with HCV (14.7/1000 person-years, 95% CI 12.87 to 16.78). Compared with Others, South Asians with and without HCV and East Asians with HCV had a greater risk of diabetes. In the multivariable stratified analysis, HCV infection was associated with increased diabetes risk in all subgroups: East Asians, adjusted HR (aHR) 3.07 (95% CI 2.43 to 3.88); South Asians, aHR 2.62 (95% CI 2.10 to 3.26); and Others, aHR 2.28 (95% CI 2.15 to 2.42).ConclusionsIn a large population-based linked administrative health data, HCV infection was associated with higher diabetes risk, with a greater relative impact in East Asians. South Asians had the highest risk of diabetes. These findings highlight the need for care and screening for HCV-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes among people affected by HCV.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus by depressive symptom severity: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2011–2016
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Kim Kyae Hyung , Ahn Joseph C , Kim Jihoon Andrew , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Choi Soo Jung , Oh Yun Hwan , Park Sang Min 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression, the associations of depressive symptom severity with prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate changes in these outcomes of diabetes as depressive symptoms aggravate.Research design and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 14 328 participants in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified into depressive symptom groups of none, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depending on their Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted in three models adjusted for expanding confounders to evaluate the associations between severity of depressive symptoms and prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of DM.ResultsAs depressive symptom severity worsened, both prevalence and awareness of DM increased regardless of models (p value for trend <0.01 in all models for prevalence and awareness; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.14, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.56 for prevalence in the severe group, model 1; aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.64 for awareness in the moderately severe group, model 1). Notwithstanding higher awareness of diabetes in the moderately severe and severe groups (84.5% and 86.2%, respectively, vs 71.3% in the none group), these groups were treated less (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.55 in the severe group, model 3) or inadequately controlled (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.98 in the moderately severe group, model 3).ConclusionsThe gap between patients’ higher awareness and lower treatment rate or control of diabetes among individuals with severe depressive symptoms highlights the unmet needs for postdiagnostic multidisciplinary care for patients with comorbid depression and DM.
Optimising geographical accessibility to primary health care: a geospatial analysis of community health posts and community health workers in Niger
Authors: Oliphant Nicholas Paul , Ray Nicolas , Bensaid Khaled , Ouedraogo Adama , Gali Asma Yaroh , Habi Oumarou , Maazou Ibrahim , Panciera Rocco , Muñiz Maria , Sy Zeynabou , Manda Samuel , Jackson Debra , Doherty Tanya 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about the contribution of community health posts and community health workers (CHWs) to geographical accessibility of primary healthcare (PHC) services at community level and strategies for optimising geographical accessibility to these services.MethodsUsing a complete georeferenced census of community health posts and CHWs in Niger and other high-resolution spatial datasets, we modelled travel times to community health posts and CHWs between 2000 and 2013, accounting for training, commodities and maximum population capacity. We estimated additional CHWs needed to optimise geographical accessibility of the population beyond the reach of the existing community health post network. We assessed the efficiency of geographical targeting of the existing community health post network compared with networks designed to optimise geographical targeting of the estimated population, under-5 deaths andPlasmodium falciparummalaria cases.ResultsThe per cent of the population within 60-minute walking to the nearest community health post with a CHW increased from 0.0% to 17.5% between 2000 and 2013. An estimated 10.4 million people (58.5%) remained beyond a 60-minute catchment of community health posts. Optimal deployment of 7741 additional CHWs could increase geographical coverage from 41.5% to 82.9%. Geographical targeting of the existing community health post network was inefficient but optimised networks could improve efficiency by 32.3%–47.1%, depending on targeting metric.InterpretationsWe provide the first estimates of geographical accessibility to community health posts and CHWs at national scale in Niger, highlighting improvements between 2000 and 2013, geographies where gaps remained and approaches for optimising geographical accessibility to PHC services at community level.
Assessment of stunned and viable myocardium using manganese-enhanced MRI
Authors: Spath Nick B , Singh Trisha , Papanastasiou Giorgos , Baker Andrew , Janiczek Rob J , McCann Gerry P , Dweck Marc R , Kershaw Lucy , Newby David E , Semple Scott 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveIn a proof-of-concept study, to quantify myocardial viability in patients with acute myocardial infarction using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), a measure of intracellular calcium handling.MethodsHealthy volunteers (n=20) and patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (n=20) underwent late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) using gadobutrol and MEMRI using manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate. Patients were scanned ≤7 days after reperfusion and rescanned after 3 months. Differential manganese uptake was described using a two-compartment model.ResultsAfter manganese administration, healthy control and remote non-infarcted myocardium showed a sustained 25% reduction in T1 values (mean reductions, 288±34 and 281±12 ms). Infarcted myocardium demonstrated less T1 shortening than healthy control or remote myocardium (1157±74 vs 859±36 and 835±28 ms; both p<0.0001) with intermediate T1 values (1007±31 ms) in peri-infarct regions. Compared with LGE, MEMRI was more sensitive in detecting dysfunctional myocardium (dysfunctional fraction 40.5±11.9 vs 34.9%±13.9%; p=0.02) and tracked more closely with abnormal wall motion (r2=0.72 vs 0.55; p<0.0001). Kinetic modelling showed reduced myocardial manganese influx between remote, peri-infarct and infarct regions, enabling absolute discrimination of infarcted myocardium. After 3 months, manganese uptake increased in peri-infarct regions (16.5±3.5 vs 22.8±3.5 mL/100 g/min, p<0.0001), but not the remote (23.3±2.8 vs 23.0±3.2 mL/100 g/min, p=0.8) or infarcted (11.5±3.7 vs 14.0±1.2 mL/100 g/min, p>0.1) myocardium.ConclusionsThrough visualisation of intracellular calcium handling, MEMRI accurately differentiates infarcted, stunned and viable myocardium, and correlates with myocardial dysfunction better than LGE. MEMRI holds major promise in directly assessing myocardial viability, function and calcium handling across a range of cardiac diseases.Trial registration numbersNCT03607669; EudraCT number 2016-003782-25.
Scavenging of “dry” electrons prior to hydration by azide ions: effect on the formation of H2 in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons
Authors: Sanguanmith Sunuchakan , Meesungnoen Jintana , Muroya Yusa , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2021

In this study, we use Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations to show that “dry” secondary electrons, precursors of the “hydrated” electron (e−aq), can be scavenged on the sub-picosecond time scale prior to hydration, by a high concentration (>0.1–1 M) of azide ions (N3−) in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C. This is a striking result, as N3− is known to react very slowly with e−aq. These processes tend to significantly reduce the yields of H2 as observed experimentally. For both energetic Compton electrons (“linear energy transfer”, LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm), which are generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays, and 3H β-electrons (LET ∼ 6 keV/µm), our H2 yield results confirm previous Monte Carlo simulations, which indicated the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to e−aq. Interestingly, our calculations show no significant changes in the scavenging of “dry” electrons at high azide concentrations in passing from γ-radiolysis to tritium β-radiolysis (i.e., with LET). This led us to the conclusion that the higher H2 yield observed experimentally for 3H β-electrons compared with 60Co γ-rays is mainly explained by the difference in the radiation track structures during the chemical stage (>1 ps). The higher LET of tritium β-electrons leads to more molecular products (H2 in this case) in tritium radiolysis than in γ-radiolysis. Finally, a value of ∼0.5 nm was derived for the reaction distance between N3− and the “dry” electron from the H2 yields observed in 60Co γ-radiolysis at high N3− concentrations.
Growth and foliar nutrition of a hybrid poplar clone following the application of a mixture of papermill biosolids and lime mud
Authors: Bilodeau-Gauthier Simon , Palma Ponce Gustavo , Miquel Jean-Charles , Lafleur Benoit , Brais Suzanne , Bélanger Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

Fertilization of hybrid poplar (HP) plantations with papermill by-products is a promising solution to improve soil fertility and nutrient availability, increase plantation productivity, and provide added value to these materials that would otherwise be incinerated or sent to the landfill. We assessed the growth and foliar nutrition of a HP clone (Populus ×canadensis × Populus maximowiczii) at six plantation sites aged 3–5 years in southern Quebec, Canada. Sites received a fertilization treatment consisting of a mixture of papermill biosolids (120 to 140 t·ha−1, depending on site) and lime mud (10 to 15 t·ha−1) before being planted, or no fertilization (control). Tree growth was significantly improved by fertilization, with fertilized trees showing a mean annual height increment of 1.3 m (all-site mean; SD = 0.2), compared with 0.5 m (SD = 0.4) for unfertilized trees. Foliar calcium and magnesium increased following fertilization and levels met optimal thresholds at all sites, whereas nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium concentrations also increased, but nutritional deficiencies remained for these elements at several sites. Our results confirm the benefits of fertilizing hybrid poplars with papermill by-products, but they also indicate that adjustments in application rates or type of by-products could be made to fully satisfy nutritional requirements and thus optimize tree growth.
The hadronic $$\tau $$ decay $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau $$ and the axial vector mixing angle
Authors: Hayasaka K. , Huang Z. , Kou E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose to measure the $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau \ $$

τ
-

→

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1
-

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→

(

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-

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)

ν
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→

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-

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+

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-

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)

ν
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decay in order to determine the $$K_1$$

K
1

axial vector mixing angle $$\theta _{K_1}$$

θ

K
1

. We derive, for the first time, the differential decay rate formula for this decay mode. Using the obtained result, we perform a sensitivity study for the Belle (II) experiment. We will show that the $$K^-\pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0$$

K
-

π
+

π
-

π
0

spectrum of the $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau \ $$

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-

→

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→

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)

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→

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decay can discriminate the two solutions $$\theta _{K_1}=\sim 30^{\circ }$$

θ

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1

=
∼

30
∘

or $$\sim 60^{\circ }$$

∼

60
∘

observed in the other measurements.
A Wnt-Independent LGR4–EGFR Signaling Axis in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Yue Fei , Jiang Weiyu , Ku Amy T. , Young Adelaide I.J. , Zhang Weijie , Souto Eric P. , Gao Yankun , Yu Zihan , Wang Yi , Creighton Chad J. , Nagi Chandandeep , Wang Tao , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Feng Xin-Hua , Huang Shixia , Coarfa Cristian , Zhang Xiang H.-F. , Liu Qingyun , Lin Xia , Li Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein–coupled receptors 4, 5, and 6 (LGR4/5/6) play critical roles in development and cancer. The widely accepted mechanism is that these proteins, together with their R-spondin ligands, stabilize Wnt receptors, thus potentiating Wnt signaling. Here we show that LGR4 enhanced breast cancer cell metastasis even when Wnt signaling was deactivated pharmacologically or genetically. Furthermore, LGR4 mutants that cannot potentiate Wnt signaling nevertheless promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Multiomic screening identified EGFR as a crucial mediator of LGR4 activity in cancer progression. Mechanistically, LGR4 interacted with EGFR and blocked EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in persistent EGFR activation. Together, these data uncover a Wnt-independent LGR4–EGFR signaling axis with broad implications for cancer progression and targeted therapy.

Significance:
This work demonstrates a Wnt-independent mechanism by which LGR4 promotes cancer metastasis.
See related commentary by Stevens and Williams, p. 4397
Feasibility and Safety of High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Without Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Khalid Nauman , Rogers Toby , Torguson Rebecca , Zhang Cheng , Shea Corey , Shlofmitz Evan , Chen Yuefeng , Musallam Anees , Wermers Jason P. , Case Brian , Hashim Hayder , Ben-Dor Itsik , Bernardo Nelson L. , Satler Lowell , Waksman Ron 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Recommendations to broaden the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain controversial with the absence of robust evidence from randomized clinical trials and the risk of device-related complications. This investigation examined whether performing high-risk PCI without elective MCS is feasible and safe.

Methods:
We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis for patients meeting contemporary high-risk PCI criteria as defined by the Interventional Council of the American College of Cardiology. These criteria include unprotected left main disease, last remaining conduit, left ventricular ejection fraction <35%, three-vessel coronary artery disease, severe aortic stenosis, or severe mitral regurgitation. Clinical, procedural, and major in-hospital and 30-day cardiovascular outcomes were assessed.

Results:
The analysis included a cohort of 1680 patients (2887 lesions) with stable coronary artery disease who met high-risk PCI criteria and were treated from 2003 to 2018. The study population comprised 75% men and 68% whites. Mean age was 69.16±11.19 years. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors among our cohort were as follows: hypertension, 91%; hypercholesterolemia, 91%; diabetes, 44%; and cigarette smoking, 14%. Intravascular ultrasound was performed on 53% of the lesions. Rescue MCS was required in 0.8% of the patients. Procedural success was observed in 98.2% of the patients, while the 30-day mortality rate was 1.6%. The incidence of major complications was as follows: all-cause mortality, 1.6%; cardiac death, 0.8%; acute renal failure, 4.6%; stroke, 0.2%; and major bleeding, 1.1%.

Conclusions:
High-risk PCI as defined by the professional societies without elective MCS is feasible and safe in the majority of patients, challenging the current recommendations and practice. A randomized trial comparing unprotected versus protected high-risk PCI for these broad recommendations is warranted to best ascertain which patients would benefit from MCS.