bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Mortality, Risk Factors, and Causes of Death Following Childhood-Onset Neurological Impairments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abuga Jonathan A. , Kariuki Symon M. , Kinyanjui Samson M. , Boele van Hensbroek Michael , Newton Charles R. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Neurological impairment (NI) and disability are associated with reduced life expectancy, but the risk and magnitude of premature mortality in children vary considerably across study settings. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the magnitude of premature mortality following childhood-onset NI worldwide and to summarize known risk factors and causes of death.Methods: We searched various databases for published studies from their inception up to 31st October 2020. We included all cohort studies that assessed the overall risk of mortality in individuals with childhood-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), and deficits in hearing, vision and motor functions. Comparative measures of mortality such as the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), risk factors and causes were synthesized quantitatively under each domain of impairment. This review is registered on the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42019119239).Results: The search identified 2,159 studies, of which 24 studies were included in the final synthesis. Twenty-two (91.7%) studies originated from high-income countries (HICs). The median SMR was higher for epilepsy compared with ID (7.1 [range 3.1–22.4] vs. 2.9 [range 2.0–11.6]). In epilepsy, mortality was highest among younger age groups, comorbid neurological disorders, generalized seizures (at univariable levels), untreatable epilepsy, soon after diagnosis and among cases with structural/metabolic types, but there were no differences by sex. Most deaths (87.5%) were caused by non-epilepsy-related causes. For ID, mortality was highest in younger age groups and girls had a higher risk compared to the general population. Important risk factors for premature mortality were severe-to-profound severity, congenital disorders e.g., Down Syndrome, comorbid neurological disorders and adverse pregnancy and perinatal events. Respiratory infections and comorbid neurological disorders were the leading causes of death in ID. Mortality is infrequently examined in impairments of vision, hearing and motor functions.Summary: The risk of premature mortality is elevated in individuals with childhood-onset NI, particularly in epilepsy and lower in ID, with a need for more studies for vision, hearing, and motor impairments. Survival in NI could be improved through interventions targeting modifiable risk factors and underlying causes.
The Correlation of ELP4-PAX6 With Rolandic Spike Sources in Idiopathic Rolandic Epilepsy Syndromes
Authors: Duan Yiran , Leng Xuerong , Liu Chunyan , Qi Xiaohong , Zhang Liping , Tan Wenjun , Zhang Xiating , Wang Yuping 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To study the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 in patients with idiopathic rolandic epilepsy syndromes (IRES) in China and explore the relationship between the distribution of rolandic spike sources and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 in ELP4-PAX6.Methods: First, clinical information was obtained from patients diagnosed with IRES. Next, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4 was analyzed by using the Sanger method. Resting-state magnetoencephalography data were collected from 17 patients. We analyzed the epileptic spike sources using the single equivalent current dipole (SECD) model and determined the spike distributions across the whole brain. Finally, Fisher's test was performed to assess the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 and rolandic spike sources.Results: ELP4 rs662702 T alleles were found in 10.7% of IRES patients and occurred four times more frequently in these patients than in the healthy controls. TT homozygosity was found in one IRES patient (1.3%), while no TT homozygosity was found in the healthy control group. The IRES rolandic spike sources were unilateral in sixteen patients (94.1%) and were mainly located in the anterior central gyrus (58.8%). The spike source of patients without the ELP4 rs662702 T allele was correlated with the central region (p &lt; 0.05). The rolandic spikes sources were significant correlated with the non-central gyrus (frontal and temporal lobes) in patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The rolandic spike sources of the IRES patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele were significantly associated with the non-central gyrus, including the frontal and temporal lobes. Our study confirmed for the first time in vivo that ELP4 rs662702 T allele overexpression is correlated with the rolandic spike distribution in patients with IRES and provides important insights into how genetic abnormalities can lead to brain dysfunction and into the precise targeting of abnormal discharge sources in the brain.
Can Music Influence Patients With Disorders of Consciousness? An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Hu Yajuan , Yu Fengqiong , Wang Changqing , Yan Xiaoxiang , Wang Kai 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundLong-term disorders of consciousness (DOC) are a huge burden on both patients and their families. Previously, music intervention has been attempted as a potential therapy in DOC, with results indicating an enhancement of arousal and awareness; yet, to date, there are limited studies on music interventions in DOC with electroencephalogram monitoring. Meanwhile, prediction of awareness recovery is a challenge facing clinicians. The predictive value mismatch negativity (MMN), as a classical cognitive component in event-related potential, is still controversial. In this study, we use auditory event-related potential to probe the effect of music in DOC, and investigate whether music may improve the predictive value of MMN in awareness recovery.MethodsFourteen DOC patients were included in the prospective study. Auditory oddball electroencephalogram data were recorded twice with each patient, before and after 5 min of listening to a Chinese symphony that has joyful associations. The outcome was assessed 6 months later.ResultsSignificant differences of MMN amplitude were found between healthy controls and pre-music DOC patients (p &lt; 0.001), but no significant differences were found between healthy controls and post-music DOC patients. The presence of MMN before music was not correlated with favorable outcome, and 50% of patients with MMN did not recover awareness. When MMN was absent, 50% of patients awoke. After listening to music, among the 11 patients who showed MMN, seven patients recovered awareness. When MMN was absent, no one recovered awareness.ConclusionsSome DOC patients, even those in a minimal consciousness state and those with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), were affected by music. The MMN amplitude was elevated by the music to some extent. A single test of MMN did not have a good prognostic value of our study; however, retesting of MMN after stimulation with familiar music that has joyful associations might be valuable for observation and detection of possible recovery. The musical processing in DOC patients and the effect of musical therapeutic practices need further investigations.
Palmitoleic and Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acids Are Positively Associated With Abdominal Obesity and Increased Metabolic Risk in Children
Authors: Hua Man-Chin , Su Hui-Min , Lai Ming-Wei , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Tsai Ming-Han , Liao Sui-Ling , Lai Shen-Hao , Huang Jing-Long 
Published: April 2021

Background: The impact of abdominal obesity (AO) on plasma fatty acid changes and cardiometabolic risk in children who are obese and overweight has rarely been investigated. This study determined whether plasma fatty acid composition differed between children with AO and those without AO and its relationship with metabolic risk, particularly in the obese and overweight groups.Methods: A total of 181 schoolchildren (aged 7–18 years) were included. Anthropometric and biochemical data and plasma fatty acid profiles were analyzed, and the indices of desaturase activity were estimated. Children were categorized based on their body weight and AO status. A continuous metabolic risk score was calculated using the sum of the z-scores of metabolic variables. A one-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the composition ratio of fatty acids between children with and without AO in the obese and overweight groups and normal-weight controls. Pearson analysis was also used to explore significant fatty acid and desaturase indicators associated with metabolic abnormalities.Results: Children who were obese and overweight (N = 126) displayed higher dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) proportions than normal-weight controls (N = 55), but lower heptadecanoic acid (17:0) proportion, regardless of the AO status of each individual. Obese and overweight children with AO (N = 89), but not their non-AO counterparts (N = 37), exhibited a significantly higher proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) than the remaining study groups. Pearson analysis showed that high proportions of palmitoleic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, as well as increased stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1(16) and delta-6 desaturase and decreased delta-5 desaturase activities, are strongly correlated with weight-height ratio, homeostasis model of assessment values for insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and continuous metabolic risk scores.Conclusion: Higher palmitoleic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid proportions, as well as increased stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1(16) and delta-6 desaturase and decreased delta-5 desaturase activities are associated with AO and increased metabolic risk in children who are obese and overweight.
Shenling Baizhu Powder Inhibits RV-SA11-Induced Inflammation and Rotavirus Enteritis via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Qian , Zhou Xiaofeng , Chen Ting , Dou Liwen , Wang Furong , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

Rotavirus enteritis (RVE) is a common acute intestinal infectious disease caused by rotavirus infection. It is an important cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Shenling baizhu powder (SBP), a classic traditional Chinese formulation, is one of the most popularly prescribed medicines for digestive diseases. Clinical studies have revealed the protective effects of SBP on RVE. However, the potential mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-rotavirus effect of SBP and its mechanism, focusing on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that, based on the inhibition of the virus-induced cytopathic effect in Caco-2 cells, the concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) of SBP for RV-SA11 in the serum were 5.911% and 11.63, respectively. A total of 219 active compounds with oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18 were selected from the 10 ingredients present in the formulation of SBP, which acted on 471 potential targets. A total of 226 target genes of RVE were obtained from the GeneCards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that there was a close interaction between 44 common targets of SBP and RVE. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that SBP acted on RVE through various inflammatory pathways and the intestinal immune network. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of SBP on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. After infection with RV- SA11, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA and protein increased significantly, which could be abolished by SBP treatment. In addition, the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β levels increased markedly in Caco-2 cells infected with RV-SV11. Treatment with SBP partly reversed the changes of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, while further increased the level of IFN-β. In conclusion, our study revealed that SBP can significantly inhibit rotavirus replication and proliferation in vitro. The antiviral effect may be related to the regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, followed by the down regulation of inflammatory cytokines and up regulation of IFN-β induced by rotavirus.
Ganglionated Plexi Ablation Suppresses Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Atrial Fibrillation by Inhibiting Cardiac Autonomic Hyperactivation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Guo Yankai , Xiaokereti Jiasuoer , Cao Guiqiu , Li Hongliang , Sun Huaxin , Li Kai , Zhou Xianhui , Tang Baopeng 
Published: April 2021

Background: Previous studies have reported that right pulmonary artery ganglionated plexi (GP) ablation could suppress the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) within 1 h.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of superior left GP (SLGP) ablation on AF in a chronic OSA canine model.Methods and Results: Fifteen beagles were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CTRL), OSA group (OSA), and OSA + GP ablation group (OSA + GP). All animals were intubated under general anesthesia, and ventilation-apnea events were subsequently repeated 4 h/day and 6 days/week for 12 weeks to establish a chronic OSA model. SLGP were ablated at the end of 8 weeks. SLGP ablation could attenuate the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) reduction and decrease ERP dispersion, the window of vulnerability, and AF inducibility. In addition, chronic OSA leads to left atrial (LA) enlargement, decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, glycogen deposition, increased necrosis, and myocardial fibrosis. SLGP ablation reduced the LA size and ameliorated LV dysfunction, while myocardial fibrosis could not be reversed. Additionally, SLGP ablation mainly reduced sympathovagal hyperactivity and post-apnea blood pressure and heart rate increases and decreased the expression of neural growth factor (NGF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) in the LA and SLGP. After SLGP ablation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, and ferroptosis pathway were notably downregulated compared with OSA.Conclusions: SLGP ablation suppressed AF in a chronic OSA model by sympathovagal hyperactivity inhibition. However, there were no significant changes in myocardial fibrosis.
UBE2T Contributes to the Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Liu Yang , Leng Xue , Cao Kui , Sun Wentao , Zhu Jinhong , Ma Jianqun 
Published: April 2021

Background: The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 T (UBE2T) has been shown to contribute to several types of cancer. However, no publication has reported its implication in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).Methods: We explored several public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, and gene expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were adopted to explore involved signaling pathways. We used R software to develop prognostic gene signatures with the LASSO and stepwise Cox regression analysis, separately. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect UBE2T in 90 ESCC patients, followed by survival analysis. We also used an R package pRRophetic to evaluate chemotherapy sensitivity for the TCGA–ESCC cohort.Results: We found significantly increased UBE2T transcript levels and DNA copy numbers in ESCC tissues. UBE2T was associated with the p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway, and DNA replication, as indicated by Go, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. These pathways were also upregulated in ESCC. The prognostic signatures with UBE2T-associated genes could stratify ESCC patients into low- and high-risk groups with significantly different overall survival in the TCGA–ESCC cohort. We also validated the association of UBE2T with unfavorable survival in 90 ESCC patients recruited for this study. Moreover, we found that the low-risk group was significantly more sensitive to chemotherapy than the high-risk group.Conclusions: UBE2T is involved in the development of ESCC, and gene signatures derived from UBE2T-associated genes are predictive of prognosis in ESCC.
A Potência do Irrepresentável nas Fotografias de Fait!
Authors: Lombardi Kátia Hallak 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo propõe a discussão de algumas mudanças no estatuto da fotografia contemporânea em contexto de conflito, insegurança e instabilidade e suas implicações no espectador. Imagens da dor e da guerra são publicadas constantemente pelos veículos de comunicação, acabando por gerar uma verdadeira iconografia do sofrimento. É possível uma imagem menos atrelada ao drama, ao acontecimento em si e à noção de testemunho e objetividade, características consideradas indispensáveis no fotojornalismo cotidiano, também conter traços que nos levem à reflexão e à rememoração de conflitos passados? O livro Fait (2009), de Sophie Ristelhueber – que apresenta uma série de 71 imagens da Guerra do Golfo, no deserto do Kuwait – é usado para apontar novas configurações da fotografia de guerra. O silêncio e uma certa fragilidade da inscrição dessas imagens abrem espaço para problematizar a potência do irrepresentável.
Truth Study Center e as condições para o pensamento a partir de fotografias.
Authors: Feldhues Marina 
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho procura refletir sobre se é possível pensar sobre a realidade do mundo, procurar compreender a realidade, por meio da fotografia. Para tanto, parte das proposições levantadas por Susan Sontag sobre o assunto. Na sequência, faz uma revisão teórica das proposições de Sontag à luz das reflexões trazidas por Jacques Rancière sobre imagem, operações de arte e montagem; Walter Benjamin sobre o ato de narrar; Gerry Badger e László Moholy-Nagy sobre narrar como fotos; e Gilles Deleuze sobre o pensamento como experiência. Por último, procuramos analisar, com base nas reflexões trazidas pelos autores mencionados, como as operações artísticas da instalação Truth Study Center de Wolfgang Tillmans, contribuem para refletirmos sobre a experiência de pensar a realidade do mundo a partir de fotografias.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: STAVARACHE Gheorghe , NOVAC Valerian , CIORTAN Sorin , RUSU Eugen 
Published: April 2021

The paper presents an analysis of renewable energy available in the Republic of Moldova. Because of geographic localization, there is no possibility to use wave energy so, the wind, solar, rivers and biomass sources are taken into account. After a short presentation of benefits and drawbacks of each energy source, an estimation for the Republic of Moldova is performed. The analysis results pointed out that the wind energy is the most used type and there is a lot of information about the wind speed values over the whole country area.
Pengaruh frekuensi paparan stresor cahaya saat kebuntingan terhadap jumlah dendrit dan ekspreis mTorc1 otak mencit (Mus musculus) baru lahir
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi Puji , Joewono Hermanto Tri , Widjiati Widjiati 
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang : Pada stres prenatal akan memicu peningkatan kadar CRH dan kortisol maternal. ini akan meningkatkan jumlah CRH dan kortisol pada janin dan menurunkan ekspresi 11β-HSD2 di plasenta. Meningkatnya kadar CRH akan meningkatkan aktifitas glukokortikoid yang akan menurunkan Growth Factors,juga akan mempengaruhi ekspresimTORC1 sebagai mekanisme pertahanan sel. GH, dan IGF-1 sedangkan menurunnya ekspresi 11β-HSD2 pada akhirnya akan menyebabkan perkembangan organ yang tak seimbang. Tujuan.Untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi paparan stresor cahaya selama kebuntingan terhadap jumlah dendrit dan ekspresi mTORC1 anak mencit (Mus musculus).
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan post test only group design. Jumlah dendrit diukur dengan Golgy Cox hasil rerata jumlah dendrit dalam 5x lapangan pandang. Ekspresi mTORC1diukur dengan indeks skala Remelle . Analisis data menggunakan uji Post Hoc dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95% (0,05).
Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rerata jumlahdendrit yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol (22.30) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (7.55 ) lebih rendah. Hal yang serupa juga didapatkan padaekspresimTORC1. Terdapat perbedaan yang berarti padaekspresimTORC1. kelompok kontrol (1.14) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (4.28) lebih tinggi. Selain itu, didapatkan juga hubungan (p < 0,05) antara jumlah sel dendrit danekspresimTORC1 otak anak mencit baru lahir dengan menggunakan korelasiPearson. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson didapatkan nilai signifikansi 0,068 dengan p < 0,05 dan nilai korelasi 0,338 dengan arah korelasi negative
Kesimpulan : Jumlah dendrit pada kelompok perlakuan1 dan 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, sedangkan ekspresi mTORC1 pada kelompok perlakuan1 dan 2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.
Dwie «Zemsty» Bohdana Korzeniewskiego
Authors: Makaruk Maria 
Published: April 2021

Artykuł przypomina pracę Bohdana Korzeniewskiego nad Zemstą Aleksandra Fredry w Teatrze Polskim w Warszawie na przełomie 1951 i 1952 roku. Kiedy reżyser objął dyrekcję Teatru Narodowego, próby przerwano. Autorka dokumentuje ślady po niezrealizowanym przedstawieniu, by skonfrontować je z Zemstą, którą Korzeniewski wystawił w Teatrze Narodowym w 1953. Celem nie jest rekonstrukcja niewystawionej premiery, lecz zadanie pytań o tę drugą Zemstę i podejście artysty do komedii Fredry. Perspektywa poetyki kulturowej (kulturowej historii teatru) przybliża strategie i gry Korzeniewskiego i – szerzej – praktyki funkcjonowania artystów w polskim teatrze w latach stalinizmu. Uruchomienie historii potencjalnej pozwala spojrzeć na biografię Korzeniewskiego w sposób zniuansowany.
ІМУНІТЕТ ЕКСПЕРТА У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ СУДОЧИНСТВІ ПІД ЧАС ДОПИТУ В СУДІ
Authors: Циганюк Ю. В. 
Published: April 2021

Висвітлено сутність імунітету експерта у кримінальному судочинстві під час допиту в суді. Проаналізовано предмет допиту експерта у суді, що, зокрема, стосується порядку проведення експертизи і доповнення змісту складеного раніше висновку експерта. Наведено запитання, які можуть бути поставлені експерту під час допиту в суді. Ґрунтуючись на вимогах ст. 356 КПК України щодо питань, які можуть бути поставлені під час допиту, та зважаючи на зміни до ст. 65 КПК України, з’ясовано, що на експерта поширюється імунітет від давання показань, пов’язаних із деталізацією висновку експерта доступною (популярною) мовою – доведенням до відома особи, яка ставить запитання, змісту висновків таким чином, щоб саме цій особі передати суть своїх наукових, технічних або інших спеціальних знань. Наголошено, що імунітет експерта у кримінальному судочинстві під час допиту в суді становить сукупність норм, які передбачають реалізацію експертом права відмовитися від давання показань у передбачених кримінальним процесуальним законодавством випадках. При цьому визначено, що імунітет експерта під час допиту в суді може реалізовуватися в порядку ст. 18 КПК України (як свобода від самовикриття, а також у праві не свідчити проти близьких родичів і членів сім’ї) і ч. 3 ст. 356 КПК України (щодо визначеного переліку питань для допиту експерта) та в перспективі, коли наберуть чинності зміни до ч. 2 ст. 65 КПК України (щодо права не роз’яснювати висновок експерта).Ключові слова: допит; кримінальне судочинство; імунітет експерта; предмет допиту експерта.