bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decade implementing ecosystem approach to fisheries management improves diversity of taxa and traits within a marine protected area in the UK
Authors: Davies Bede F. R. , Holmes Luke , Bicknell Anthony , Attrill Martin J. , Sheehan Emma V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimEcosystem Approach to Fisheries Management has highlighted the importance of studying ecosystem functions and services, and the biological traits that drive them. Yet, ecosystem services and the associated benefits that they provide are rarely the motive for creating marine protected area (MPA). Therefore, many MPA monitoring projects do not explicitly study these functions and services or the underlying biological traits linked to them.LocationLyme Bay MPA, located in the SW of England, was established in 2008 to protect the reef biodiversity across a 206‐km2 area, which includes rocky reef habitats, pebbly sand and soft muddy sediments. Mobile demersal fishing was excluded across the whole site to allow the recovery of the reef habitats.MethodsUsing a combination of towed underwater video and Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems changes in diversity (taxonomic and trait), and traits affected by mobile demersal fishing were assessed in Lyme Bay MPA over 10 years.ResultsThere was a consistent increase in the number of taxa and the trait diversity they provide within the MPA as well as an increase in functional redundancy, which may increase community resilience to perturbations. Outside of the MPA there was an increase in the abundance of mobile species, while the MPA showed an increase in filter feeders.Main conclusionsThe MPA showed a trend towards more diverse and potentially resilient rocky reef habitats. This study constitutes a novel MPA assessment using multiple sampling methods to encompass a wide range of taxa. It also reinforces the importance of effective MPA monitoring, which has demonstrated changes in trait diversity and trait composition driven by changes in taxonomic diversity.
Ischemic stroke in COVID‐19 patients: Mechanisms, treatment, and outcomes in a consecutive Swiss Stroke Registry analysis
Authors: Strambo Davide , De Marchis Gian Marco , Bonati Leo H. , Arnold Marcel , Carrera Emmanuel , Galletta Santi , Nedeltchev Krassen , Kahles Timo , Cereda Carlo W. , Bianco Giovanni , Kägi Georg , Luft Andreas R. , Bolognese Manuel , Lakatos Lehel‐Barna , Salmen Stephan , Correia Pamela , Sturzenegger Rolf , Sylvan Albert , Medlin Friedrich , Berger Christian , Lindheimer Florian , Baumgärtner Markus , Schelosky Ludwig , Bonvin Christophe , Mono Marie‐Luise , Rodic Biljana , von Reding Andrea , Schwegler Guido , Massini Federico , Tarnutzer Alexander A. , Taheri Shadi , Peters Nils , Beyeler Morin , Altersberger Valerian , Engelter Stefan T. , Fischer Urs , Michel Patrik ,   for the Swiss Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost case series of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and COVID‐19 are limited to selected centers or lack 3‐month outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency, clinical and radiological features, and 3‐month outcomes of patients with IS and COVID‐19 in a nationwide stroke registry.MethodsFrom the Swiss Stroke Registry (SSR), we included all consecutive IS patients ≥18 years admitted to Swiss Stroke Centers or Stroke Units during the first wave of COVID‐19 (25 February to 8 June 2020). We compared baseline features, etiology, and 3‐month outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction‐positive (PCR+) IS patients to SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR− and/or asymptomatic non‐tested IS patients.ResultsOf the 2341 IS patients registered in the SSR during the study period, 36 (1.5%) had confirmed COVID‐19 infection, of which 33 were within 1 month before or after stroke onset. In multivariate analysis, COVID+ patients had more lesions in multiple vascular territories (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.08–5.14, p = 0.032) and fewer cryptogenic strokes (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.99, p = 0.049). COVID‐19 was judged the likely principal cause of stroke in 8 patients (24%), a contributing/triggering factor in 12 (36%), and likely not contributing to stroke in 13 patients (40%).There was a strong trend towards worse functional outcome in COVID+ patients after propensity score (PS) adjustment for age, stroke severity, and revascularization treatments (PS‐adjusted common OR for shift towards higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) = 1.85, 95% CI 0.96–3.58, p = 0.07).ConclusionsIn this nationwide analysis of consecutive ischemic strokes, concomitant COVID‐19 was relatively rare. COVID+ patients more often had multi‐territory stroke and less often cryptogenic stroke, and their 3‐month functional outcome tended to be worse.
Effective forest‐based climate change mitigation requires our best science
Authors: Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Belair Ethan P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalifornia's Cap‐and‐Trade Program sets a limit on the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions and allows a portion of excess emissions to be offset through purchase of credits for climate benefits accrued elsewhere. Badgley et al. (2021, Global Change Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15943) describe how the use of mean forest carbon stocks from ecological supersections can create perverse incentives for project developers, potentially leading to over‐crediting and nonadditional offsets. Carbon markets remain a valuable tool in combating climate change, but ensuring projects’ additionality is of critical importance to effective carbon mitigation. Badgley’s article should serve as a call to action to redouble efforts at integrating the latest carbon science into effective and timely policy solutions.
Coal exploitation and income inequality: Testing the resource curse with econometric analyses of household survey data from northwestern China
Authors: Wen Qi , Li Jin , Mwenda Kevin M. , Ervin Daniel , Chatterjee Maya , Lopez‐Carr David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoal resources have always been an important driving force for macroeconomic growth and GDP growth in resource‐rich regions. However, this growth has also caused inequality of household income in developing regions. Using survey data on rural household livelihoods in Shenmu county, Shaanxi Province, in northwestern China, this paper analyzes the relationship between coal exploitation and income inequality. Four multivariate econometric analyses are developed. We find evidence for the resource curse theory of natural resource exploitation leading to inequality: the Gini coefficient for household revenue is discovered to be markedly related with the location of and participation in coal exploitation. Nevertheless, this correlation is not linear. Rather, household income inequality primitively rises with environmental and resource subsidies. We analyze the impacts of household income inequality and contrast the characteristics of household livelihood and location characteristics in the coal exploitation site of northern Shenmu with those in the whole survey site. Our statistical analysis shows that out‐migration, the level of total household income, and convenience of household transportation are the important elements devoting to household income in northern Shenmu, the coal resources endowment region. However, the environmental damage and pollution caused by coal exploitation has substantial negative impacts upon household income, especially for households not participating in coal activities. Overall, we found that coal exploitation did not develop local industries. Adversely, the ecological environment problem and the high subsidy for coal mining caused by the exploitation of coal resources have aggravated the inequality of household income in the sample areas. Additionally, the development of coal resources attracted youth labor from agriculture to the coal industry, which exacerbated the lack of labor force and weakened village agricultural productivity.
Association analysis of MALAT1 polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis among Iranian patients
Authors: Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Gholipour Mahdi , Abak Atefe , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Kholghi Oskooei Vahid , Taheri Mohammad , Rakhshan Azadeh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMALAT1 is a long non‐coding transcript that affects immune reactions, thus being involved in the pathoaetiology of immune‐related conditions. We investigated the associations between two genetic variants in MALAT1 and susceptibility to psoriasis in the Iranian population. The G allele of rs619586 has been shown to be less common among cases versus controls (odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence intervals (CI)) = 0.57 (0.36–0.9)), adjusted p = .02). This single nucleotide polymorphism has been associated with the risk of psoriasis in a dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA: OR (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.35–0.92), adjusted p = .04) as well as log‐additive model (OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.38–0.92), adjusted p = .04). The rs3200401 was not associated with psoriasis in any of the supposed inheritance models. This study potentiates rs619586 as a risk locus for psoriasis in the Iranian population.
‘We can't do it alone’: Perceived social support in parents of children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay
Authors: Van Keer Ines , Van Leeuwen Karla , Maes Bea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally acknowledged that parent social support is an important target for intervention. To explore the specific needs of parents of young children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay (SDD), we aim to chart the sources and perceived sufficiency of the social support they receive.MethodWithin the context of a broader project, 42 parents of a young child with SDD filled out a questionnaire on contextual factors, including information on social support.ResultsThe majority of parents reported to receive (more than) sufficient support. Insufficiency is primarily reported with regard to practical support. Apart from the partner, grandparents of the child were the most common source of support.ConclusionsThis study confirms the importance of professional support and work‐life balance within this specific target group. Specific attention for practical support needs seems warranted considering the high basic care needs of these children.
The association between growth patterns and blood pressure in children and adolescents: A cross‐sectional study of seven provinces in China
Authors: Chen Manman , Ma Ying , Ma Tao , Li Yanhui , Gao Di , Chen Li , Liu Jieyu , Zhang Yi , Jiang Jun , Wang Xinxin , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimed to investigate the associations between different growth patterns with high blood pressure, and further examine the mediation effect of BMI between growth patterns and high blood pressure among children and adolescents. A total of 31581 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were selected based on the stratified cluster sampling method. Logistics regression models were used to calculate the odds rations (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the association between different growth patterns and high blood pressure. Mediation effect analyses were applied to estimate the effect of BMI on the increase of blood pressure levels in different growth patterns. In different sex and ages, compared to reference group of normal growth, blood pressure levels and prevalence of high blood pressure of the catch‐up growth were higher, but that of the catch‐down growth were lower. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 11.69%, 16.06%, and 9.68% in normal growth, catch‐up growth, and catch‐down growth, respectively. In total, compared with the normal growth pattern, the ORs (95%CI) of high blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure in the catch‐up growth were 1.171(1.073,1.280), 1.110(1.001,1.230) and 1.141(1.025,1.270) (p < .05), respectively. Additionally, the mediation effect of current BMI existed in the association between blood pressure levels and different growth patterns, particularly in boys. Our findings suggested that different growth patterns after birth could modify blood pressure, and the potential risks of high blood pressure could be increased by catch‐up growth at childhood and adolescence.
From salt to hypertension, what is missed?
Authors: Ma Zhiyi , Hummel Scott L. , Sun Ningling , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExcess salt intake is viewed as a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and dietary salt restriction is broadly recommended by public health guidelines. However, individuals can have widely varying physiological responses to salt intake, and a tailored approach to evaluation and intervention may be needed. The traditional sodium related concepts are challenging to assess clinically for two reasons: (1) spot and 24‐hour urine sodium are frequently used to evaluate salt intake, but are more suitable for population study, and (2) some adverse effects of salt may be blood pressure‐independent. In recent years, previously unknown mechanisms of sodium absorption and storage have been discovered. This review will outline the limitations of current methods to assess sodium balance and discuss new potential evaluation methods and treatment targets.
Clinical utility of family history of depression for prognosis of adolescent depression severity and duration assessed with predictive modeling
Authors: Gorham Lisa S. , Sadeghi Neda , Eisner Lillian , Taigman Jeremy , Haynes Katherine , Qi Karen , Camp Christopher C. , Fors Payton , Rodriguez Diana , McGuire Jerry , Garth Erin , Engel Chana , Davis Mollie , Towbin Kenneth , Stringaris Argyris , Nielson Dylan M. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFamily history of depression (FHD) is a known risk factor for the new onset of depression. However, it is unclear if FHD is clinically useful for prognosis in adolescents with current, ongoing, or past depression. This preregistered study uses a longitudinal, multi‐informant design to examine whether a child’s FHD adds information about future depressive episodes and depression severity applying state‐of‐the‐art predictive out‐of‐sample methodology.MethodsWe examined data in adolescents with current or past depression (age 11–17 years) from the National Institute of Mental Health Characterization and Treatment of Adolescent Depression (CAT‐D) study. We asked whether a history of depression in a first‐degree relative was predictive of depressive episode duration (72 participants) and future depressive symptom severity in probands (129 participants, 1,439 total assessments).ResultsFamily history of depression, while statistically associated with time spent depressed, did not improve predictions of time spent depressed, nor did it improve models of change in depression severity measured by self‐ or parent‐report.ConclusionsFamily history of depression does not improve the prediction of the course of depression in adolescents already diagnosed with depression. The difference between statistical association and predictive models highlights the importance of assessing predictive performance when evaluating questions of clinical utility.
Modeling of process parameters to predict the efficiency of shallots stem cutting machine using multiple regression and artificial neural network
Authors: Tito Anand Mariya Anthony , Anandakumar Sugumar , Pare Akash , Chandrasekar Veerapandian , Venkatachalapathy Natarajan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe shallot stem cutting machine process parameters were optimized and analyzed to develop predictive models for predicting the efficiency of the machine for scale up process. The efficiency of the machine was above 90%. Influence of peripheral speed of the rollers and inclination angle of the rollers on efficiency was determined and models were developed using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The coefficients of multiple linear models were estimated and the equations were constructed. A two‐layer neural network consists of eight neurons in hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer was established. The models were validated and their performance was assessed using statistical parameters like R2, adjusted R2, and root mean square error values. R values of ANN model's training, testing, and validation were .998, .990, .998, and .996, respectively. R2 values of multiple linear regression analysis ranged from .618 to .722 and .992 for ANN model. The developed models have minimum mean square error of 0.47, 0.13, 0.59, 0.58, and 0.77 for multiple regression models and 0.208 for ANN model. The degree of fitting between estimated and predicted values was described using bias factor ranged from 0.99 to 1.02. The comparison plots of actual efficiency versus predicted efficiency showed that the machine efficiency predicted by ANN model was in good agreement with actual efficiency. Hence, the results concluded that the ANN model is more suitable for predict the efficiency of shallot's stem cutting machine.Practical ApplicationsProcessing of onion at industrial scale is very essential to ease the process of preparation of dishes at household. The shallot onion stem cutting is part of the unit operation involved in onion processing. A stem cutting machine was designed, developed, and process parameters were optimized. Mathematical model was developed to predict the efficiency using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network. The models will be used for developing automatic industrial scale machine.
Cell type specificity of glucocorticoid signaling in the adult mouse hippocampus
Authors: Viho Eva M. G. , Buurstede Jacobus C. , Berkhout Jari B. , Mahfouz Ahmed , Meijer Onno C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoid stress hormones are powerful modulators of brain function and can affect mood and cognitive processes. The hippocampus is a prominent glucocorticoid target and expresses both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR: Nr3c1) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR: Nr3c2). These nuclear steroid receptors act as ligand‐dependent transcription factors. Transcriptional effects of glucocorticoids have often been deduced from bulk mRNA measurements or spatially informed individual gene expression. However, only sparse data exists allowing insights on glucocorticoid‐driven gene transcription at the cell type level. Here, we used publicly available single‐cell RNA sequencing data to assess the cell‐type specificity of GR and MR signaling in the adult mouse hippocampus. The data confirmed that Nr3c1 and Nr3c2 expression differs across neuronal and non‐neuronal cell populations. We analyzed co‐expression with sex hormones receptors, transcriptional coregulators, and receptors for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Our results provide insights in the cellular basis of previous bulk mRNA results and allow the formulation of more defined hypotheses on the effects of glucocorticoids on hippocampal function.
Even more oak species in Mexico? Genetic structure and morphological differentiation support the presence of at least two specific entities within Quercus laeta
Authors: Morales‐Saldaña Saddan , Valencia‐Ávalos Susana , Oyama Ken , Tovar‐Sánchez Efraín , Hipp Andrew L. , González‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDifferentiation among populations, sometimes despite ongoing gene exchange, is a key step in speciation. Therefore, comparison of intra‐ and interspecific differentiation patterns is of great significance to understanding speciation. The genus Quercus is an interesting system to test speciation models in the presence of gene flow, due to its weak interspecific reproductive barriers. The aim of the present study was to characterize the degree and pattern of morphological and genetic differentiation among different morphotypes in the white oak Quercus laeta, some corresponding to the previously described species Quercus centralis, Q. laeta, Quercus prinopsis, and Quercus transmontana, as well as geographically structured variation within Q. transmontana not described previously. Our goal was to evaluate if some of these can be considered distinct specific entities or are rather part of a continuum of variation. Nine microsatellite loci and two intergenic regions of chloroplast DNA were analyzed. Morphological differences were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Chloroplast DNA showed low differentiation, suggesting introgression or sharing of ancestral haplotypes among the Q. laeta morphotypes. Nuclear microsatellites indicated differentiation into two distinct main genetic groups, which were congruent with morphological differentiation. In conclusion, nuclear markers and morphological variations suggest the existence of at least two different entities within Q. laeta.
Infant feeding, growth monitoring and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6 months and their mothers in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Kaldenbach Siri , Engebretsen Ingunn M. S. , Haskins Lyn , Conolly Catherine , Horwood Christiane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSouth Africa has a documented high prevalence of stunting and increasing obesity in children as well as obesity in adults. The double burden of malnutrition, which can be on an individual‐, household‐ or population level, has implications for both health and the economic development of a community and country. This paper describes a large‐scale survey (N = 774) of infant feeding, growth monitoring and anthropometry among mother and child pairs aged 6 months of age in KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN), South Africa, conducted between January and August 2017. Among children, a large increase in the prevalence of stunting and obesity was seen between birth and 6 months of age increasing from 9.3% to 21.7% and 4.0% to 21.0%, respectively. 32.1% of the mothers were overweight [body mass index (BMI): 25.0–29.9] and 28.4% had obesity grade 1 (BMI: 30–<40). Although most mothers (93%; 563/605) initiated breastfeeding, the introduction of other foods started early with 17.6% (56/319) of the mothers having started giving other fluids or food to their child within the first month. At 6 months 70.6% (427/605) children were still breastfed and 23.5% were exclusively breastfed. In addition, we found that length measurements were done less frequently than weight measurements between birth and 6 months, on average 2.2 (SD: 1.3) versus 5.8 (SD: 1.5) times. Moreover, there is a need for improvement of health worker training and understanding regarding anthropometric measurements when assessing malnutrition in children in the clinics. Early detection and improved infant feeding practices are key in preventing both stunting and obesity in children.
Segregation with social linkages: Evaluating Schelling’s model with networked individuals
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , De Benedictis Luca , Leone Sciabolazza Valerio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper generalizes the original Schelling model of racial and residential segregation to a context of variable externalities due to social linkages. In a setting in which individuals’ utility function is a convex combination of a heuristic function à la Schelling, of the distance to friends, and of the cost of moving, the prediction of the original model gets attenuated: the segregation equilibria are not the unique solutions. While the cost of distance has a monotonic pro‐status‐quo effect, equivalent to that of models of migration and gravity models, if friends and neighbors are formed following independent processes, the location of friends in space generates an externality that reinforces the initial configuration if the distance to friends is minimal, and if the number of friends is high. The effect on segregation equilibria crucially depends on the role played by network externalities.