bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it a matter of time? The effect of transfer time on femur fracture outcomes
Authors: Larson Leah E , Harry Melissa L , Kosmatka Paul K , Colling Kristin P 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTrauma systems in rural areas often require longdistance transfers for definitive care. Delays in care, such as delayed femurfracture repair have been reported to be associated with poorer outcomes, butlittle is known about how transfer time affects time to repair or outcomesafter femur fractures.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all trauma patients transferred to our level 1 rural trauma center between May 1, 2016-April 30, 2019. Patient demographics and outcomes were abstracted from chart and trauma registry review. All patients with femur fractures were identified. Transfer time was defined as the time from admission at the initial hospital to admission at the trauma center, and time to repair was defined as time from admission to the trauma center until operative start time. Our outcome variables were mortality, in-hospital complications, and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsOver the study period1,887 patients were transferred to our level 1 trauma center and 398 had afemur fracture. Compared to the entire transfer cohort, femur fracture patientswere older (71 versus 57 years), and more likely to be female (62% versus 43%).The majority (74%) of patients underwent fracture repair within 24hours. Delay in fracture fixation >24 hours wasassociated with increased length of stay (5 days versus 4 days; p<0.001),higher complication rates (23% versus 12%; p=0.01), and decreased dischargehome (19% vs. 32%, pp=0.02), but was not associated with mortality (6% versus5%; p=0.75). Transfer time and time at the initial hospital were not associatedwith mortality, complication rate, or time to femur fixation.DiscussionFixation delay greater than 24 hours associated with increased likelihood of in-hospital complications, longer length of stay, and decreased likelihood of dischargehome. Transfer time not related to patient outcomes or time to femur fixation.Level of evidenceLevel III; therapeutic/care management.
Contractility of permeabilized rat vastus intermedius muscle fibres following high-fat, high-sucrose diet consumption
Authors: Smith Ian C. , Ostertag Curtis , O’Reilly Jennifer J. , Rios Jaqueline L. , Klancic Teja , MacDonald Graham Z. , Collins Kelsey H. , Reimer Raylene A. , Herzog Walter 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a worldwide health concern associated with impaired physical function. It is not clear if contractile protein dysfunction contributes to the impairment of muscle function observed with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine if diet-induced obesity affects contractile function of chemically permeabilized vastus intermedius fibres of male Sprague–Dawley rats expressing fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIa or slow MHC I. Rats consumed either a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet or a standard (CHOW) diet beginning as either weanlings (7-week duration: WEAN7 cohort, or 14-week duration: WEAN14 cohort) or young adults (12-week duration: ADULT12 cohort, 24-week duration: ADULT24 cohort). HFHS-fed rats had higher (P < 0.05) whole-body adiposity (derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) than CHOW-fed rats in all cohorts. Relative to CHOW diet groups, the HFHS diet was associated with impaired force production in (a) MHC I fibres in the ADULT24 cohort; and (b) MHC IIa fibres in the ADULT12 and ADULT24 cohorts combined. However, the HFHS diet did not significantly affect the Ca2+-sensitivity of force production, unloaded shortening velocity, or ratio of active force to active stiffness in any cohort. We conclude that diet-induced obesity can impair force output of permeabilized muscle fibres of adult rats. Novelty: We assessed contractile function of permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. The high-fat, high-sucrose diet was associated with impaired force output of fibres expressing MHC I or MHC IIa in some cohorts of rats. Other measures of contractile function were not significantly affected by diet.
Remotely sensed trends in vegetation productivity and phenology during population decline of the Bathurst caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd
Authors: Dearborn Katherine D. , Danby Ryan K. 
Published: June 2021

The Bathurst caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780)) herd declined from ∼349 000 animals in 1996 to ∼8200 in 2018. Climate-driven changes to tundra and boreal vegetation is one hypothesis for the decline. We modelled and mapped annual productivity and phenology across the herd’s range using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data derived from a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series spanning 2000–2017. Maximum annual EVI, growing season length, and time-integrated EVI increased significantly on 16%, 18%, and 49% of the core annual range, respectively. Trends toward longer growing seasons were driven entirely by earlier spring green-up and, along with time-integrated EVI, were most prevalent in tundra regions. Trends in forested regions were overwhelmingly related to the influence of forest fires, which burned more than half of the range below the forest–tundra ecotone since 1965. These trends suggest that climate-driven changes in production and phenology have occurred in the tundra and forest–tundra portions of the range and could have contributed to the recent herd decline. However, the trends may also be a result of herd decline itself, given the loss of this large herbivore from the landscape. Elucidating cause and effect will require comprehensive analysis of interactions between climatic variables, herd dynamics, and vegetation change, complemented by targeted field investigations.
Renormalization of the topological charge density in QCD with dimensional regularization
Authors: Lüscher Martin , Weisz Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo all orders of perturbation theory, the renormalization of the topological charge density in dimensionally regularized QCD is shown to require no more than an additive renormalization proportional to the divergence of the flavour-singlet axial current. The proof is based on the standard BRS analysis of the QCD vertex functional in the background gauge and exploits the special algebraic properties of the charge density through the Stora–Zumino chain of descent equations.
Perspectives on the active volcanoes of China
Authors: Xu Jiandong , Oppenheimer Clive , Hammond James O. S. , Wei Haiquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
China has a rich record of Holocene volcanism that is relatively little known outside the country. It is encountered in large stratovolcanoes in the NE, linked to subduction of the Pacific plate (e.g. Changbaishan), in smaller volcanoes on the Tibetan margin, associated with the collision of India and Eurasia (e.g. Tengchong, Ashishan), and in more isolated centres, possibly resulting from mantle upwelling (e.g. volcanoes in Hainan island). This makes China a natural laboratory for studies of intraplate volcanism, and significant progress in understanding its nature and origins has been made over the past quarter century. Here, we introduce the first publication in English to provide a comprehensive survey of the state of knowledge and research highlights. Accordingly, we provide an overview of the dynamics, geology, geochemistry, volcanic histories and geophysical studies of 14 volcanic areas associated with the Holocene documented thus far. The special publication represents a benchmark reference on the topic but, as importantly, we hope that it will stimulate new, international collaborations aimed at deepening our understanding of the origins, history, hazards and associated risks of China's volcanoes.
Review of Blown to Bits
Authors: Gasarch William 
Published: June 2021

I reviewed the first edition of this book in 2009. Here is a link to the entire column which includes reviews of other books as well: https://www.cs.umd.edu/users/gasarch/bookrev/40-1.pdf If you are reading this as an online pdf you can probably click on the above line and get to my old review. (Is that illegal on your part? On my part? I have no idea.) Some of this review will overlap with some of that review.
I begin with the first paragraph of my old review just to show how one issue seems to have been solved.
Discovery and Features of an Alkylating Signature in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gurjao Carino , Zhong Rong , Haruki Koichiro , Li Yvonne Y. , Spurr Liam F. , Lee-Six Henry , Reardon Brendan , Ugai Tomotaka , Zhang Xuehong , Cherniack Andrew D. , Song Mingyang , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Fuchs Charles S. , Wu Kana , Ogino Shuji , Giannakis Marios 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Several risk factors have been established for colorectal cancer, yet their direct mutagenic effects in patients' tumors remain to be elucidated. Here, we leveraged whole-exome sequencing data from 900 colorectal cancer cases that had occurred in three U.S.-wide prospective studies with extensive dietary and lifestyle information. We found an alkylating signature that was previously undescribed in colorectal cancer and then showed the existence of a similar mutational process in normal colonic crypts. This alkylating signature is associated with high intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat prior to diagnosis. In addition, this signature was more abundant in the distal colorectum, predicted to target cancer driver mutations KRAS p.G12D, KRAS p.G13D, and PIK3CA p.E545K, and associated with poor survival. Together, these results link for the first time a colorectal mutational signature to a component of diet and further implicate the role of red meat in colorectal cancer initiation and progression.

Significance:
Colorectal cancer has several lifestyle risk factors, but the underlying mutations for most have not been observed directly in tumors. Analysis of 900 colorectal cancers with whole-exome sequencing and epidemiologic annotations revealed an alkylating mutational signature that was associated with red meat consumption and distal tumor location, as well as predicted to target KRAS p.G12D/p.G13D.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
Revisiting the Proportional Recovery Model in View of the Ceiling Effect of Fugl-Meyer Assessment
Authors: Lee Hyun Haeng , Kim Deog Young , Sohn Min Kyun , Shin Yong-Il , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Lee So Young , Han Junhee , Ahn Jeonghoon , Chang Won Hyuk , Kim Ilyoel , Mi Choi Soo , Lee Jongmin , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
The aim of this study was to verify the validity of the proportional recovery model in view of the ceiling effect of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment.

Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of patients enrolled in the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation between August 2012 and May 2015. Recovery proportion was defined as the actual change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of the upper extremity between 7 days and 6 months poststroke, relative to the initial neurological impairment. We then used logistic regression to identify clinical factors attributable to a ceiling effect of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of the upper extremity and propensity score matching to verify the validity of the proportional recovery rule.

Results:

We screened 10 636 patients and analyzed 849 patients (mean age, 65.4±11.9 years; female, 320 [37.7%]) with first-ever ischemic stroke. We found, through logistic regression analysis, that a one-unit increase in the initial neurological impairment and the age at stroke onset affected the odds ratio (1.0386 and 0.9736, respectively) of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of the upper limb at 6 months poststroke. We also demonstrated, through propensity score matching, that the difference in initial neurological impairment of the upper extremity resulted in discrepancy of the recovery proportion (0.92±0.20 [0–1] versus 0.81±0.31 [0–1],
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that the ceiling effect of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of the upper extremity is pronounced in patients with mild initial motor deficits of the upper extremity and that the recovery proportion varies according to the initial motor deficit of the upper limb using logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching, respectively. These results suggest that the proportional recovery model is not valid.
Stroke Risks in Adult Survivors of Preterm Birth: National Cohort and Cosibling Study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Clinicians will increasingly encounter adult patients who were born preterm and will need to understand their long-term sequelae. Adult survivors of preterm birth have been reported to have increased risks of hypertension and other stroke risk factors. However, their stroke risks have seldom been examined and the findings are discrepant, possibly due to small sample sizes, insufficient follow-up, or survivor bias. We examined whether preterm birth is associated with stroke in a large population-based cohort.

Methods:
A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 140 866 singletons born in Sweden from 1973 to 1994 who survived to age 18 years, who were followed up for first-time stroke through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine stroke risks associated with gestational age at birth, adjusting for other perinatal and parental factors. Cosibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.

Results:

In 28.0 million person-years of follow-up, 4861 (0.2%) people were diagnosed with stroke. At ages 18 to 43 years, the adjusted hazard ratio for stroke associated with preterm birth (<37 weeks) was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.12–1.43;
P
<0.001), and further stratified was 1.42 (1.11–1.81;
P
=0.005) for early preterm (22–33 weeks) and 1.22 (1.06–1.40;
P
=0.004) for late preterm (34–36 weeks), compared with full-term (39–41 weeks). Positive associations were found with both hemorrhagic stroke (early preterm: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.04–1.94]; any preterm: 1.15 [0.97–1.35]) and ischemic stroke (early preterm: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.87–2.03]; any preterm: 1.31 [1.07–1.60]). These findings were similar in men and women and only partially explained by shared determinants of preterm birth and stroke within families.

Conclusions:
In this large national cohort, preterm birth was associated with increased risks of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in adulthood. Preterm birth survivors need early preventive evaluation and long-term clinical follow-up to reduce their lifetime risk of stroke.
Association of Hypotension During Thrombectomy and Outcomes Differs With the Posterior Communicating Artery Patency
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Robichon Erwan , Bourcier Romain , Dargazanli Cyril , Labreuche Julien , Thion Laurie-Anne , Leguen Morgan , Riem Romuald , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Boulouis Grégoire , Delvoye François , Hebert Solène , Redjem Hocine , Smajda Stanislas , Escalard Simon , Blanc Raphaël , Piotin Michel , Lapergue Bertrand , Mazighi Mikael , Piotin Michel , Blanc Raphaël , Smajda Stanislas , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Mazighi Mikael , Fahed Robert , Maacha Malek Ben , Lapergue Bertrand , Rodesch Georges , Consoli Arturo , Coskun Aguzhan , Maria Federico Di , Bourdain Frédéric , Decroix Jean-Pierre , Wang Adrien , Tchikviladze Maya , Evrard Serge , Lopez Delphine , Turjman Francis , Gory Benjamin , Labeyrie Paul-Emile , Riva Roberto , Mounayer Charbel , Saleme Suzanna , Costalat Vincent , Bonafé Alain , Eker Omer , Gascou Grégory , Darganzali Cyril , Bracard Serge , Tonnelet Romain , Derelle Anne Laure , Anxionnat René , Desal Hubert , Bourcier Romain , Daumas Duport Benjamin , Berge Jérome , Barreau Xavier , Margnat Gauthier , Djemmane Lynda , Labreuche Julien , Duhamel Alain 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Hypotension during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke is associated with worse functional outcomes (FO). Given its important role in intracranial hemodynamics, we investigated whether hypotension during endovascular therapy had the same effect on FO according to the posterior communicating artery (PComA) patency.

Methods:
We performed a post hoc analysis of the ASTER trial (Contact Aspiration Versus Stent Retriever for Successful Revascularization). Patients were included if they had middle cerebral artery occlusions. Primary outcome was favorable FO, defined by a modified Rankin Scale scores between 0 and 2 at 3 months.

Results:

One hundred forty-eight patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion were included. In patients with no PComA, an increase in minimum mean arterial pressure was positively associated with favorable FO (odds ratio per 10 mm Hg increase, 1.59 [95%CI, 1.11–2.25];
P
=0.010), whereas no association was found in patients with a PComA (odds ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.54–1.08];
P
=0.12). Patients with no PComA and longer cumulative time with mean arterial pressure <90 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg had significantly lower rates of favorable FO, with an odds ratio per 10-minute increase of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59–0.94;
P
=0.010) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60–0.91;
P
=0.003), but not in patients with a PComA.

Conclusions:
Hypotension during endovascular therapy for middle cerebral artery occlusion is consistently associated with worse FO in patients with no PComA but not in those with a PComA.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02523261.
The Immersive Guitar Project: Imagining Possibilities for Enriching Audience Experience through Architectural Innovation
Authors: Wolfe Jocelyn , Tomlinson Vanessa , Schaupp Karin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article introduces The Immersive Guitar (TIG) Project, a proposed sonic performance installation that doubles as an intimate acoustic venue. The TIG Project responds to several needs, highlighting relations between place and performance, music and architecture. The needs concern a rarity of suitable, intimate spaces for acoustic performance and an appeal for more creative solutions in the provision of such spaces, which would afford novel ways of accessing performing arts experiences. This article introduces the proposition and provides project background and rationale.
Counting methods introduced into the bibliometric research literature 1970–2018: A review
Authors: Gauffriau Marianne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This review investigates (a) the number of unique counting methods, (b) to what extent counting methods can be categorized according to selected characteristics, (c) methods and elements to assess the internal validity of counting methods, and (d) to what extent and with which characteristics counting methods are used in research evaluations. The review identifies 32 counting methods introduced from 1981 to 2018. Two frameworks categorize these counting methods. Framework 1 describes selected mathematical properties and Framework 2 describes arguments for choosing a counting method. Twenty of the 32 counting methods are rank dependent, fractionalized, and introduced to measure contribution, participation, etc. of an object of study. Next, three criteria for internal validity are used to identify five methods that test the adequacy, two elements that test the sensitivity, and three elements that test the homogeneity of counting methods. Finally, a literature search finds that only three of the 32 counting methods are used by four research evaluations or more. Two counting methods are used with the same characteristics as defined in the studies that introduced the counting methods. The review provides a detailed foundation for working with counting methods, and many of the findings provide bases for future investigations of counting methods.
Tactical deception in sociosexual behaviour of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides): an exploratory study
Authors: De Aquino Itzel , Platas-Neri Diana , Sánchez-Ferrer José Carlos , Jiménez Said , Muñoz-Delgado Jairo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tactical deception (TD) is a social strategy in which a subject performs an action to its own benefit causing disadvantage for a competitor. In primates, the cognitive mechanisms involved in TD have been described at different levels. Sneaky mating is a common context within which to study TD because in many primate groups, dominant males monopolize access to females and subordinate males must find a way to copulate with females avoiding the alpha’s presence. The objective of this study was to explore which of the TD behavioural strategies are involved in the male sociosexual behaviour of a group of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). We found that the subordinate males participated in more interactions when they were in a section of the enclosure where the alpha male was not present. The alpha male had more copulation interactions, but the beta male’s interactions lasted longer on average. Our data offer evidence in support of the hypothesis that stump-tailed macaques may use TD strategies that are related to operant conditioning.
Utilising the International Human Rights Framework to Access the Benefits of Paediatric Research in The covid Era: A Wales Case Study
Authors: Croke Rhian , Turner Rhian Thomas , Connor Phillip , Edwards Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article uses Wales as a case study to discuss the challenges to accessing the benefits of paediatric research before and during the covid-19 pandemic. Due to the rapidly changing political and legislative landscape, it is critical that health professionals working for the benefit of children can utilise international human rights treaties and the most relevant General Comments that offer a bridge between legalistic provisions and practice. Additionally, it is vital for health professionals to interpret and understand domestic children’s rights legislation, including tools for implementation for realising children’s rights. This article shares learning from the Children’s Hospital for Wales, Children and Young Adult Research Unit’s endeavour to challenge the Welsh Government to pay due regard to the rights of the child in ensuring children can access the benefits of paediatric research; including research concerning children’s role in infection and transmission, during the pandemic.
The Political Implications of Urban Displacement: Notes from Two Fieldwork Research Projects in Casablanca
Authors: Guarino Laura , Portelli Stefano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Resettlement programs have always been in the political agenda of public institutions and administrators of Casablanca since its growth during the French Protectorate. Today real estate and private multinational capital sneak into local and national powers, pushing public authorities to clear land for new urban development through demolition and resettlement of local residents. The dwellers of areas such as the old town centre (medina) and the slums (karyan) increasingly react to displacement by challenging this urban agenda frontally with their bodies and words, but often also deploying what James Scott calls “weapons of the weak”, i.e. implicit acts of resistance and symbolic dissent. Reversing Asef Bayat’s statement, we consider residents of these stigmatized neighbourhoods “revolutionaries without a revolution”, partisans of an intimate cause of their own, that aims at having a home and surviving in a hostile city. Our reflections are the product of two separate fieldwork researches: one with the inhabitants of informal neighbourhoods, another with residents and former residents of the old medina. The two cases show how resettlement affects the sense of belonging and of cohesion of low-income classes by uprooting the founding element of the everyday life: the house. The uncertainty about the possibility to keep their own home deeply conditions the implicit social pact with the monarchy apparatus, and may represent one of the conditions that are undermining the allegiance to the monarchy itself.