bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced body length and morphological disorders in Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae reared on aluminum phosphide-treated rabbits
Authors: El-Ashram Saeed , Toto Noura A. , Wakil Abeer El , Augustyniak Maria , El-Samad Lamia M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Assessing the post-mortem interval (PMI) based on the growth and development of insects is a critical task in forensic entomology. The rate of larvae development can be affected by a variety of toxins, including pesticides. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a low-cost insecticide that has yet to be entomotoxicologically tested, despite the fact that it is frequently the cause of fatal poisoning. In this study, we measured the body length of Chrysomya albiceps larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP and analyzed the morphological changes of the larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP. The concentration of AlP in the body of the larvae was significantly lower than in rabbit tissues. Insects from the AlP group had a significantly lower gain in body length. Furthermore, deformities in the larvae were found. Small respiratory spiracles were found, as well as a deformed small posterior end with hypogenesis of the posterior respiratory spiracles. Thus, disturbed growth and development of carrion flies found at a crime scene could indicate pesticide poisoning, such as aluminum phosphide.
The Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of a Self-management Intervention for Patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder and their Partners/caregivers: Study Protocol of a Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Solis Ericka C. , Carlier Ingrid V.E. , Wee Nic J.A. van der , Hemert Albert M. van 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: After regular treatment, patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) may remain in specialized psychiatric outpatient care without achieving remission. Lacking other options, these patients often receive long-term, non-protocolized care as usual (CAU) that does not involve the partner/caregiver of the patient. Although the revised depression treatment guidelines suggest focusing on psychiatric rehabilitation and self-management as the next treatment step for PDD, an evidence-based cost-effective self-management protocol for PDD is lacking. This study investigates the “Patient and Partner Education Program for All Chronic Illnesses” (PPEP4All) as a brief self-management protocol that could lead to lower costs, higher quality of life, and less disease burden in PDD patients and their partners/caregivers. Methods: Presented is the rationale and methods of a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PPEP4All for patients with PDD and their partners/caregivers. In accordance with current recommendations, a mixed-methods approach is used with both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 178 eligible outpatients with PDD and their partners/caregivers are recruited and randomized to either PPEP4All or CAU. Those assigned to PPEP4All receive nine weekly self-management sessions with a trained PPEP4All-therapist. Primary and secondary outcome measurements are at 3, 6, 12 months. Discussion: This project will result in the implementation of a self-management intervention for patients with PDD, meeting an urgent need in mental healthcare. Using PPEP4All can optimize the quality and efficiency of care for both patients with PDD and their partners/caregivers. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NTR5973. Registered on 20 July 2016.
The Application of PRIMET For Pesticide Registration and Monitoring in Ethiopia
Authors: Teklu Berhan , Yakan Sevil Deniz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pesticide registration is an activity often not supported with proper risk assessment procedures in developing countries like Ethiopia. In this study, we tried the PRIMET (Pesticide Risks in the Tropics for Man, Environment and Trade), a tool developed to assess the risks to non-target protection goals believed to assist the pesticide registration and monitoring activities in Ethiopia. For this study, seven pesticides (imdacloprid, difenoconazole, metalaxyl, dimethoate, thiamethoxam, nicosulfuron and bupirimate) were selected randomly and their data of physico-chemical characteristics, toxicological information and pesticide use were mined from either the information given on the dossier or PPDB (Pesticides Properties Database). Results indicated that imidacloprid, dimethoate and thiamethoxam are highly risky to bees when bee hives are present inside the field of the sprayed crop, while Thiamethoxam is highly risky at when hives are present in and off field crop situation. Another outcome was that imidacloprid and dimethoate are expected to have high acute risk for birds, while difenoconazole, metalaxyl, dimethoate showed high acute and chronic risks to the aquatic ecosystem, respectively. Future studies should give emphasis on how the results of risk assessment can be practical to help the registration processes and how the results are compared with actual measurement values.
Water Removal Cycle-By-Cycle During Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: Assessment by Remote Patient Monitoring and Modelling of Peritoneal Tissue Hydration
Authors: Stachowska-Pietka Joanna , Naumnik Beata , Suchowierska Ewa , Gomez Rafael , Waniewski Jacek , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water removal which is a key treatment goal of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) can be assessed cycle-by-cycle using remote patient monitoring (RPM). We analysed ultrafiltration patterns during night APD following a dry day (APDDD; no daytime fluid exchange) or wet day (APDWD; daytime exchange). Ultrafiltration for each APD exchange were recorded for 16 days using RPM in 14 patients. The distributed model of fluid and solute transport was applied to simulate APD and to explore the impact of changes in peritoneal tissue hydration on ultrafiltration. We found lower ultrafiltration (mL, median [first quartile-third quartile]) during first and second vs. consecutive exchanges in APDDD (-61 [-148—27], 170 [78—228] vs. 213 [126—275] mL; p<0.001), but not in APDWD (81 [-8—176], 81 [-4—192] and 115 [4—219] mL; NS). Simulations in a virtual patient showed that lower ultrafiltration (by 114 mL) was related to increased peritoneal tissue hydration caused by inflow of 187 mL of water during the first APDDD exchange. The observed phenomenon of lower ultrafiltration during initial exchanges of dialysis fluid in patients undergoing APDDD appears to be due to water inflow into the peritoneal tissue, re-establishing a state of increased hydration typical for peritoneal dialysis.
Modelling and Forecasting the Impact of Air Temperature on Global Warming: Karachi as a Case Study
Authors: Zafar Asma , IMRAN MUHAMMAD , Uddin Vali , Aamir Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The world has experienced extreme climate changes and global warming. It also causes high temperature, droughts, rising sea level and flooding. In Karachi, the construction activities and transportation caused most of the Green House Gases (GHG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. In the paper, the data under consideration is 60 years mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperature of Karachi ranging from 1961 to 2020 has been used to forecast the temperature impact over time. The minimum and maximum temperature data were observed, forecasted city temperature. ARMA (p, q) model used to modelling and forecasting the behaviour of Karachi maximum and minimum air temperature using Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD) data. The results show that the Theil’s U-Statistics values of each month lie approaches to zero shows that the air temperature is strongly correlated to previously observed values. The results of this study are very beneficial for observing the influence of air temperature on the global warming.
Utility of Next Generation Sequencing in Genetic Testing and Counseling of Disorders Involving the Musculoskeletal System–Trends Observed From a Single Genetic Unit
Authors: Iyer Gayatri R , Kumar Roshan , Poornima Subhadra , Priya Aruna , Juturu Keerthi , Bhatnagar Lekhanga , Arora Srinka , Suresh Vaishnavi , Utage Prashanth , Bailur Sarah , Pujar Akhilesh N , Hasan Qurratulain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Disorders involving the musculoskeletal system are often identified with short stature and a range of orthopedic problems. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these diseases, with several characteristic overlaps, makes specific diagnosis difficult for clinicians using conventional tests, hence molecular testing becomes essential for appropriate diagnosis and management. Methods: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based testing has become common in current day clinical practice. To do genetic counseling in cases with disorders in musculoskeletal system, classify and refer for appropriate genetic testing and to assess utility of NGS based testing for molecular diagnosis. Detailed pre and posttest genetic counseling, NGS based clinical exome testing, genotype-phenotype correlation, and segregation analysis. Results: This manuscript reports a molecular spectrum of variants in 34 orthopedic cases referred to a single genetic unit attached to a tertiary care hospital. The diagnostic yield of NGS based tests coupled with genetic counseling and segregation analysis was 79% which included 7 novel variants. Cases which benefited or will get a benefit in the near future were 53% (i.e. 18/34 cases), as eight underwent prenatal diagnosis, since they were either in their early gestation or had planned a pregnancy subsequent to molecular testing, while ten cases were premaritally/prenatally counseled for the families to take informed decisions as they were in the reproductive age. Conclusions: The report highlights the importance of NGS based tests even in a low resource setting as it helps patients, families and health care providers in reducing the economic, social and emotional burden of these disorders.
Characterization of Mariner transposons in Rhus gall aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae)
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Wallau Gabriel Luz , Ren Zhumei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Transposable elements (TEs), also known as jumping genes, are widely spread in the genomes of insects and play a considerable role in genomic evolution. Mariner family belongs to class II transposable elements, were searched in the genomes of seven species of Rhus gall aphids belonging to six genera. Mariner-like elements were characterized for the first time in Rhus gall aphids and classified in to respective subfamilies.Results: In total, one hundred twenty-one MLEs were detected in the genomes of the seven investigated species of Rhus gall aphids, which showed a wide distribution of MLEs in both close and distant related species. The sequences of MLEs ranged from 1kb to 1.4kb in length and the structural analysis of the MLEs showed that only five copies were potentially active with intact open reading frame (ORF) while the remaining were classified as inactive MLEs according to absence of single intact ORF or terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). Based on the MLEs in Rhus gall aphids as well as the well characterized MLEs in other organisms from GenBank, the phylogenetic analysis showed that all the one hundred twenty-one MLE sequences belonged to four subfamilies, i.e., thirty from Maurutiana subfamily, twenty-six from Drosophila subfamily, thirty-three from Vertumana subfamily and thirty-two from Irritans subfamily, among which Drosophila and Vertumana subfamilies were reported in aphids for the first time. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship suggested possible horizontal transfer events of MLEs between aphids and other insects.Conclusion: Our present report revealed the diversity and distribution of MLEs in Rhus gall aphid genomes sequenced by shotgun genome skimming method. This study further expanded our understandings on the characterization of transposable elements in aphid genomes, which might be useful as genetic markers and tools and would play an important role in genomic evolution and adaptation of aphids.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glycaemic Control and Lifestyle Changes in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cheng Hooi Peng , Wong Jeanne Sze Lyn , Selveindran Nalini M , Hong Janet Yeow Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims: Malaysia implemented nation-wide lockdown from 18th March till 5th May 2020 to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to examine the impact of the lockdown on glycaemic control and lifestyle changes in children and adolescents with type 1 (T1DM) and 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged less than 18 years old.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, interviews and a standardised questionnaire comparing lifestyle changes before and during the lockdown were performed in follow-up clinic visits after the lockdown. Anthropometry measurements and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values were compared three months prior and after the lockdown.Results: Participants were 93 patients with T1DM (4.64 ± 3.10 years) and 30 patients with T2DM (11.08 ± 3.47 years). Male gender, T2DM and pubertal adolescents were found to have a significant deterioration in glycaemic control. A significant increment of HbA1c was observed in patients with T2DM (8.5 ± 0.40% vs 9.9 ± 0.46%), but not in patients with T1DM (8.6 ± 0.28% vs 8.7 ± 0.33%). Contrarily, there was an improved glycaemic control in pre-pubertal T1DM children likely due to parental supervision during home confinement. Weight and BMI SDS increased in T1DM patients but surprisingly reduced in T2DM patients possibly due to worsening diabetes control. Reduced meal frequency mainly due to skipping breakfast, reduced physical activity level scores, increased screen time and sleep duration were observed in both groups. Conclusions: Adverse impact on glycaemic control and lifestyle were seen mostly in patients with T2DM and pubertal adolescent boys.
[18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging Disproves Renal Allograft Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Acute Kidney Dysfunction: A Validation Cohort
Authors: Lovinfosse Pierre , Weekers Laurent , Pottel Hans , Bouquegneau Antoine , Bonvoisin Catherine , Bovy Christophe , Grosch Stephanie , Hustinx Roland , Jouret Francois 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose. [18F]FDG-PET/CT may predict the absence of acute allograft rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with acute kidney injury (AKI). Still, the proposed threshold of 1.6 of the mean of mean standardized uptake values (mSUVmean) in the renal parenchyma needs validation. Methods. We prospectively performed 86 [18F]FDG-PET/CT in 79 adult KTRs who underwent per cause transplant biopsy for suspected AR. Biopsy-proven polyoma-BK nephropathies (n=7) were excluded. PET/CT was performed 192 ± 18 minutes after administration of 254.4 ± 30.4 MBq of [18F]FDG. The SUVmean was measured in both upper and lower poles of the renal allograft. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s studentized range test were sequentially performed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to discriminate “AR” from non-pathological (“normal” + “borderline”) conditions. Results. The median age of the cohort was 55 [43; 63] years, with M/F gender ratio of 47/39. The mean eGFR was 31.9 ± 14.6 ml/min/1.73m². Biopsies were categorized in 4 groups: “normal” (n=54), “borderline” (n=9), “AR” (n=14) or “others” (n=2). The median [min; max] mSUVmean reached 1.72 [1.02; 2.07], 1.97 [1.55; 2.11], 2.13 [1.65, 3.12] and 1.84 [1.57; 2.12] in “normal”, “borderline”, “AR” and “others” groups, respectively. ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference of mSUVmean among groups (F=13.25, p<0.0001). The ROC area under the curve was 0.86. Test sensitivity and specificity corresponding to the threshold value of 1.6 were 100% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion. [18F]FDG-PET/CT may help noninvasively prevent inessential transplant biopsies in KTR with AKI.
The Genetic Diversity Mice Models in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Liu Yunpeng , Qu Yajin , Hou Rui , Liu Jiangning , Gao Ran , Bao Linlin , Deng Wei , Cao Yunlong , Li Li , Qi Feifei , Lv Qi , Li Fengli , Liang Xujian , Cheng Yu , Zhang Lingyan , Ye Fan , Lao Lanlan , Lu Tianyu , Song Zhiqi , Yu Xuan , Qin Chuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 has led to a worldwide health crisis. The ACE2 has been identified as the entry receptor in a species-specific manner. Classic laboratory mice were insusceptible since the virus cannot use murine ACE2 orthologue. Animal models rely on gene modification on the virus or the host. However, these mice were restricted in limited genetic backgrounds and did not support natural infection. Here we showed two wild-type inbred lines (CAST and FEW) from Genetic Diversity mice supported authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and developed mild to moderate interstitial pneumonia, along with infiltrating inflammatory cells. Particularly, FEW featured age-dependent damages, while CAST charactered by pulmonary fibrosis. Genome and transcriptome comparative analysis suggested the mutated ACE2 was not responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection in CAST and FEW, and the differential gene expressions in immune response and immune cell may be risk factors for the infection. In summary, the GD mice, derived from the multi-parental panel, provided promising murine models for exploring sophisticated pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2.
The Prognostic Impact of Left Ventricular Thrombus Resolution after Acute Coronary Syndrome and Risk Modulation via Anti-Thrombotic Treatment Strategies
Authors: Hofer Felix , Kazem Niema , Schweitzer Ronny , Horvat Patricia , Winter Max-Paul , Koller Lorenz , Hengstenberg Christian , Sulzgruber Patrick , Niessner Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a rare but dreaded complication during the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, profound data on long-term outcome and associated anti-thrombotic treatment strategies of this highly vulnerable patient population are scarce in current literature. Methods: Patients presenting with ACS were screened for presence of LVT and subsequently included within a prospective clinical registry. All-cause mortality and the composite of MACE and thrombo-embolic events were defined as primary and secondary endpoint. Results: Within 43 patients presenting with LVT, thrombus resolution during patient follow-up was observed in 27 individuals (62.8%). Patients that reached a resolution of LVT experienced lower incidence rates of death (-23.9%; p=0.022), MACE (-37.8%; p=0.005) and thrombo-embolic events (-35.2%; p=0.008). Even after adjustment for clinical variables, thrombus resolution showed an independent inverse association with all-cause death with an hazard ratio (HR) of 0.14 (95%CI: 0.03-0.75; p=0.021) and as well as with MACE with a HR of 0.22 (95%CI: 0.07-0.68; p=0.008) and thrombo-embolic events with a HR of 0.22 (95%CI: 0.06-0.75; p=0.015). Triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) with ticagrelor/prasugrel showed a strong and independent association with thrombus resolution with an adjusted HR of 3.25 (95%CI: 1.22-8.68; p=0.019) compared to other strategies. Conclusion: The presented data indicate a poor outcome of ACS patients experiencing LVT. In terms of a personalized risk stratification, thrombus resolution has a strong protective impact on both all-cause death and MACE with the potential to tailor treatment decisions – including an intensified anti-thrombotic treatment approach – in this patient population.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Study of 10 Flavonoids Revealed Rutin as a Potential Anti-Biofilm Agent in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Ding Zixuan , Li Zhaoyinqian , Ding Yinhuan , Jiang Fan , Liu Jinbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistance (XDR) of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain has brought great threaten to traditional antibiotics. Previous studies showed that plant-derived flavonoids have inhibitory functions on pathogens. However, In K. pneumoniae, the antibacterial activities of different flavonoids on the growth and biofilm formation remains a mystery. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of different flavonoids and to identify their inhibitory effects on K. pneumoniae growth and biofilm formation. Results: Totally 10 flavonoids representing 4 major categories were screened and used in this study. The antioxidant capacity of each flavonoid was evaluated through a DPPH assay. Rutin showed highest free radical scavenging capacity, followed by kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, hesperidin, sinensetin, naringenin, naringin and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone. The inhibitory effect of rutin and naringin on bacteria growth were compared. The antibacterial activity of flavonoid is highly correlated with the antioxidant capacity. Among these flavonoids, rutin showed the best inhibitory capacity against both the growth curve and biofilm production. The lowest value of MIC was found in rutin against K. pneumoniae ATCC700603 (1024μg/mL) and E.coli ATCC25922 (512μg/mL). The MBIC were not found. The expression profiles of 15 genes were analyzed in biofilm cells both with and without rutin treatment. The correlation analysis showed the mrkA gene expression was positively correlated with the biofilm biomass accumulation. Conclusions: Our study indicated that flavonols showed stronger antibacterial activities. The biofilm production is correlated with several gene expression rather than one. Rutin is a potential agent to inhibit the K. pneumoniae biofilm formation.