bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator-free short-hydroperiod wetlands enhance metamorph output in a threatened amphibian: insights into frog breeding behaviour evolution and conservation management
Authors: Beranek Chad T. , Sanders Samantha , Clulow John , Mahony Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Context Knowledge on the drivers of breeding behaviour is vital to understand amphibian ecology and conservation. Proposed drivers of amphibian reproductive behaviour include selection of optimum water quality, and avoidance of tadpole predators and competition. These hypotheses are underpinned by the logic that amphibians will choose breeding habitat that will result in enhanced metamorph output. Aims We aimed to infer key drivers that influence metamorph output in the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). We hypothesised that (1) metamorph output would be higher in recently refilled wetlands than in wetlands with a longer hydroperiod, (2) metamorph output would be negatively correlated with tadpole predator abundance, and (3) waterbodies with long hydroperiods would have higher abundances of aquatic predators and lower abundances of L. aurea tadpoles. Methods We tested these hypotheses by monitoring breeding, tadpole and predator abundances in a wild population of L. aurea. We coupled this with metamorph counts that were adjusted to represent per capita numbers via genetic means. We also ruled out the influence of detection probability in explaining the results with a manipulative experiment. Key results We found support for all three hypotheses and hence provide evidence that the adaptive behaviour of L. aurea to preference recently refilled wetlands is governed by the abundance of tadpole predators. We found metamorph counts per clutch to be 8.2-fold greater in short-hydroperiod wetlands (26 ± 15–44 95% CI) than in long-hydroperiod wetlands (3 ± 2–5 95% CI). Four predator taxa were associated with low metamorph output and two of these occurred in higher abundances in longer-hydroperiod wetlands. Conclusions and implications These results have provided evidence that the behavioural adaptation of L. aurea to select recently refilled wetlands has evolved in response to tadpole predation pressure. We recommend practitioners to conduct tadpole releases in newly refilled wetlands to enhance survival to metamorphosis in future reintroductions.
Two provably consistent divide-and-conquer clustering algorithms for large networks
Authors: Mukherjee Soumendu Sundar , Sarkar Purnamrita , Bickel Peter J. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
In this paper, we present two divide-and-conquer algorithms for clustering large graphs. Both algorithms apply a base algorithm on several small subgraphs and then use these individual local clusterings to obtain a global clustering. We show that our methods help scale computationally intensive base clustering algorithms to large networks, and improve the algorithmic stability of some well-known algorithms.
Simulation of heating and current drive sources for scenarios of the ITER research plan
Authors: Schneider Mireille , Lerche Ernesto , Van Eester Dirk , Hoenen Olivier , Jonsson Thomas , Mitterauer V. , Pinches S.D. , Polevoi A.R. , Poli Emanuele , Reich Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Predicting the impact of heating and current drive (H&CD) sources is essential to evaluate the performance of ITER plasmas and to subsequently optimise the scenarios for the four stages of the ITER research plan. This should be done in the context of global transport calculations of complete plasma discharges. For this purpose, a dedicated workflow has been developed in the ITER integrated modelling and analysis suite as a modular component to be used together with transport solvers to quantify the dynamics of H&CD sources for the different phases of a plasma discharge, including possible synergetic effects between the heating sources. This paper presents the results of the combined modelling of H&CD sources for the ITER DT baseline 15 MA/5.3 T scenario including the synergy between neutral beam injection (NBI) of deuterium, fusion-born alpha particles and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) at the fundamental frequency of deuterium, showing modest synergetic effects. The results of the combined H&CD sources for an ITER 7.5 MA/2.65 T helium plasma of the second pre-fusion power operation phase (PFPO-2) are also shown, exhibiting more significant synergetic effects between the fundamental ICRH minority hydrogen heating and NBI hydrogen beams. Finally, a study of electron cyclotron heating absorption for an ITER helium PFPO scenario at 7.5 MA/2.65 T is also presented with a discussion on the edge parasitic absorption that arises under specific conditions.
Graphene-based dual-band near-perfect absorption in Rabi splitting between topological edge and Fabry–Perot cavity modes
Authors: Wei Tongtong , Su Zengping , Wang Yueke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose a graphene embedded one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic crystal heterostructure, where the coupling occurs between the topological edge mode (TEM) and the Fabry–Perot cavity mode (CM). It is shown that the coupling leads to the hybridization between TEM and CM, with a Rabi splitting. Based on finite element method, a dual-band near-perfect absorption is found in the Rabi splitting region in near-infrared range. The resonant wavelengths of the two absorption peaks are 1537 and 1579 nm, respectively. And the two absorption peaks can be modulated by the thickness of the defect layer, the coupling distance between TEM and CM, Fermi energy of graphene, and incident angle of light (under TE and TM polarization). In particular, when the Fermi energy of graphene slightly increases over 0.4 eV, the imaginary part of permittivity of graphene is near 0, so does the dual-band absorption. Theoretically, the TEM-CM coupling can be analyzed by the classic oscillator model. The controllable two absorption bands may achieve potential applications in active optoelectronic devices at communication wavelengths, such as optical switches, sensors and modulators.
Nonlinear pulse reshaping in a typically designed silicon-on-insulator waveguide and its application to generate a high repetition rate pulse train
Authors: Adhikary Somen , Basu Mousumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) planar waveguide is designed with a small group velocity dispersion (β
2) ∼2.212 (ps2 m−1) and a quite high nonlinear coefficient (γ) of ∼360.57 (W−1 m−1). The designed waveguide is capable of reshaping a super-Gaussian input optical pulse into a parabolic pulse (PP), without any use of external gain. The same waveguide with a relatively longer length can also generate a triangular pulse (TP) by using a positive chirp at the input. In both cases, PP and TP are created at a much shorter optimum length (L
opt) of a few millimeters when compared to previously reported works on normal dispersion optical fibers. The interaction of a pulse pair inside such an SOI waveguide is investigated, for the first time as per our knowledge to generate a high-frequency (∼4.8 THz) pulse train, while lower repetition rate (∼180 GHz) pulses are used at the input. This study as a whole enables potential device applications in the domains of tunable high frequency (THz) pulse generators, optical signal processing, and many more.
Unmet healthcare needs among middle-aged and older adults in China
Authors: Gao Qian , Prina Matthew , Wu Yu-Tzu , Mayston Rosie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnmet healthcare needs have increasingly been recognised as an indicator of equity of healthcare access and utilisation, having the potential to capture frailty of health and social protection systems.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of unmet healthcare needs and its correlates among middle-aged and older adults in China.MethodsThis study is based on analyses of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study carried out in 2011 among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to examine associated factors, stratified by rural or urban residence. Reasons for having unmet needs for inpatient and outpatient services were also analysed.ResultsAmong 14,774 participants, the prevalence of unmet healthcare needs was 13.0% (95% confidence interval 12.3–13.8%) and was higher in rural areas. The most prevalent reasons for unmet need for inpatient and outpatient care were ‘not enough money’ and ‘illness is not serious, don’t need treatment’, respectively. The respondents who were unmarried, employed, had poor self-reported health, needed help with activities of daily living, reported lower life satisfaction, multiple chronic conditions and depressive symptoms had increased odds of unmet healthcare needs.ConclusionThis study suggests that unmet healthcare needs are more concentrated among people living with multiple health conditions and mental health problems in China. If universal health coverage goals and sustainable development goal 3 are to be met, it is essential that effective mechanisms for addressing unmet healthcare needs are identified.
Biogeographic breaks in the Atlantic Forest: evidence for Oligocene/Miocene diversification inBertolonia(Melastomataceae)
Authors: Bacci Lucas F , Reginato Marcelo , Bochorny Thuane , Michelangeli Fabián A , Amorim André M , Goldenberg Renato 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe distribution of major clades in Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) is congruent with subareas of the Atlantic Forest, providing an opportunity to estimate ages of historical breaks in the Atlantic Forest, from its major north/south split to more restricted local radiations. The role of niche conservatism in driving diversification of Bertolonia is also analysed and discussed in the light of its historical distribution. We estimated the age of the diversification events, gathered the climatic envelopes of species and clades, generated bioregions for the Atlantic Forest and reconstructed the ancestral areas of speciation for the genus. Our analysis subdivided the Atlantic Forest in five subareas, three of them in the northern and two in the southern Atlantic Forest. We also recovered a deep north/south divergence of the Atlantic Forest in the Oligocene (c. 30 Mya) followed by subsequent local radiations in both regions and a south-eastern/southern division in the Miocene. Later diversification happened mostly from the Mid-Miocene to Pliocene/Pleistocene with several dispersal events, mostly between neighbouring areas. We corroborated this assumption demonstrating that closely related lineages tend to occur in habitats with similar climatic conditions, mainly related to temperature. Our analyses on Bertolonia effectively captured relatively old historical events in the Atlantic Forest, such as the north/south division in the Oligocene and south/south-eastern split in the Miocene, but also recent ones, such as climatic fluctuations and forest fragmentation in the Quaternary. We indicate here for the first time that, for some organisms, the well-known north/south split of the Atlantic Forest could be older than expected. Recent radiation events occurred mainly on a regional basis after this deep division of the domain and the subclades that were recovered showed a significant climatic niche conservatism.
A re-reading of Gandhi’s and Ambedkar’s emancipatory discourses for social action against untouchability
Authors: Biswas Sujay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gandhi and Ambedkar offer a fascinating picture of community organizers fighting against caste oppression and caste discrimination. Both were committed to transforming the social, economic, political, and cultural conditions of ‘Dalits’†. They claimed that only through social action could societal transformation take place. As a result, they placed a strong emphasis on mobilizing the public against untouchability. They envisioned the removal of untouchability through popular struggles and popular participation. Not only did Gandhi and Ambedkar undertake popular campaigns, but they also saw them as necessary and beneficial. This paper explores the implications of integrating the constructs of the Gandhian and Ambedkarian models to tackle the problem of untouchability. It re-reads the Constitution of the Anti-Untouchability League (AUL) which was prepared by Gandhi himself in January 1935 in conjunction with a comprehensive letter penned by Ambedkar in November 1932, containing a plan of action for the AUL to carry out for the uplift of ‘Dalits’, to shed light on the lessons that are still important for the modern-day community organizers in India. The paper argues that synergizing Gandhi’s and Ambedkar’s emancipatory discourses can enrich the present-day activism for social action combatting untouchability.
Systems estimation of a structural model of distribution and demand in the US economy
Authors: Blecker Robert A , Cauvel Michael , Kim Y K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates non-cyclical, short-run relationships between income distribution and the components of aggregate demand in the US from 1963–2016. Previous studies using this ‘structural’ methodology have typically found that demand is wage-led in most large, advanced economies. However, these studies have been criticised for treating total output and the wage share as exogenous, potentially leading to simultaneity bias. This paper corrects for such possible bias as well as common shocks to the equations by using systems GMM. Surprisingly, these estimates imply that private-sector aggregate demand is more, rather than less, wage-led (or in some cases, less profit-led) compared with OLS estimates of identically specified models. This paper is also the first to provide separate estimates of non-residential and residential investment functions and to distinguish the effects of shocks to different underlying determinants of the wage share (unit labour costs and firms’ monopoly power), finding that these differ qualitatively.
PBFL: Communication-Efficient Federated Learning via Parameter Predicting
Authors: Li Kaiju , Xiao Chunhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFederated learning (FL) is an emerging privacy-preserving technology for machine learning, which enables end devices to cooperatively train a global model without uploading their local sensitive data. Because of limited network bandwidth and considerable communication overhead, communication efficiency has become an essential bottleneck for FL. Existing solutions attempt to improve this situation by reducing communication rounds while usually come with more computation resource consumption or model accuracy deterioration. In this paper, we propose a parameter Prediction-Based DL (PBFL). In which an extended Kalman filter-based prediction algorithm, a practical prediction error threshold setting mechanism and an effective global model updating strategy are included. Instead of collecting all updates from participants, PBFL takes advantage of predicting values to aggregate the model, which substantially reduces required communication rounds while guaranteeing model accuracy. Inspired by the idea of prediction, each participant checks whether its prediction value is out of the tolerance threshold limits and only uploads local updates that have an inaccurate prediction value. In this way, no additional local computational resources are required. Experimental results on both multilayer perceptrons and convolutional neural networks show that PBFL outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and improves the communication efficiency by &gt;66% with 1% higher model accuracy.
Intraspecific Variation in the Rates of Mutations Causing Structural Variation in Daphnia magna
Authors: Ho Eddie K H , Schaack Sarah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mutations that cause structural variation are important sources of genetic variation upon which other evolutionary forces can act, however, they are difficult to observe and therefore few direct estimates of their rate and spectrum are available. Understanding mutation rate evolution, however, requires adding to the limited number of species for which direct estimates are available, quantifying levels of intraspecific variation in mutation rates, and assessing whether rate estimates co-vary across types of mutation. Here, we report structural variation-causing mutation rates (svcMRs) for six categories of mutations (short insertions and deletions, long deletions and duplications, and deletions and duplications at copy number variable sites) from nine genotypes of Daphnia magna collected from three populations in Finland, Germany, and Israel using a mutation accumulation approach. Based on whole-genome sequence data and validated using simulations, we find svcMRs are high (two orders of magnitude higher than base substitution mutation rates measured in the same lineages), highly variable among populations, and uncorrelated across categories of mutation. Furthermore, to assess the impact of scvMRs on the genome, we calculated rates while adjusting for the lengths of events and ran simulations to determine if the mutations occur in genic regions more or less frequently than expected by chance. Our results pose a challenge to most prevailing theories aimed at explaining the evolution of the mutation rate, underscoring the importance of obtaining additional mutation rate estimates in more genotypes, for more types of mutation, in more species, in order to improve our future understanding of mutation rates, their variation, and their evolution.
Concurrent Evolution of Antiaging Gene Duplications and Cellular Phenotypes in Long-Lived Turtles
Authors: Glaberman Scott , Bulls Stephanie E , Vazquez Juan Manuel , Chiari Ylenia , Lynch Vincent J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There are many costs associated with increased body size and longevity in animals, including the accumulation of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage that comes with having more cells and living longer. Yet, some species have overcome these barriers and have evolved remarkably large body sizes and long lifespans, sometimes within a narrow window of evolutionary time. Here, we demonstrate through phylogenetic comparative analysis that multiple turtle lineages, including Galapagos giant tortoises, concurrently evolved large bodies, long lifespans, and reduced cancer risk. We also show through comparative genomic analysis that Galapagos giant tortoises have gene duplications related to longevity and tumor suppression. To examine the molecular basis underlying increased body size and lifespan in turtles, we treated cell lines from multiple species, including Galapagos giant tortoises, with drugs that induce different types of cytotoxic stress. Our results indicate that turtle cells, in general, are resistant to oxidative stress related to aging, whereas Galapagos giant tortoise cells, specifically, are sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which may give this species an ability to mitigate the effects of cellular stress associated with increased body size and longevity.
Novel susceptibility loci for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Suetsugu Hiroyuki , Kim Kwangwoo , Yamamoto Takuaki , Bang So-Young , Sakamoto Yuma , Shin Jung-Min , Sugano Nobuhiko , Kim Ji Soong , Mukai Masaya , Lee Yeon-Kyung , Ohmura Koichiro , Park Dae Jin , Takahashi Daisuke , Ahn Ga-Young , Karino Kohei , Kwon Young-Chang , Miyamura Tomoya , Kim Jihye , Nakamura Junichi , Motomura Goro , Kuroda Takeshi , Niiro Hiroaki , Miyamoto Takeshi , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Ikari Katsunori , Amano Koichi , Tada Yoshifumi , Yamaji Ken , Shimizu Masato , Atsumi Takashi , Seki Taisuke , Tanaka Yoshiya , Kubo Toshikazu , Hisada Ryo , Yoshioka Tomokazu , Yamazaki Mihoko , Kabata Tamon , Kajino Tomomichi , Ohta Yoichi , Okawa Takahiro , Naito Yohei , Kaneuji Ayumi , Yasunaga Yuji , Ohzono Kenji , Tomizuka Kohei , Koido Masaru , Matsuda Koichi , Okada Yukinori , Suzuki Akari , Kim Bong-Jo , Kochi Yuta , Lee Hye-Soon , Ikegawa Shiro , Bae Sang-Cheol , Terao Chikashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) involves necrosis of bone and bone marrow of the femoral head caused by ischemia with unknown etiology. Previous genetic studies on ONFH failed to produce consistent results, presumably because ONFH has various causes with different genetic backgrounds and the underlying diseases confounded the associations. Steroid-associated ONFH (S-ONFH) accounts for one-half of all ONFH, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a representative disease underlying S-ONFH. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for S-ONFH in patients with SLE. We conducted a two-staged GWAS on 636 SLE patients with S-ONFH and 95 588 non-SLE controls. Among the novel loci identified, we determined S-ONFH-specific loci by comparing allele frequencies between SLE patients without S-ONFH and non-SLE controls. We also used Korean datasets comprising 148 S-ONFH cases and 37 015 controls to assess overall significance. We evaluated the functional annotations of significant variants by in silico analyses. The Japanese GWAS identified 4 significant loci together with 12 known SLE susceptibility loci. The four significant variants showed comparable effect sizes on S-ONFH compared with SLE controls and non-SLE controls. Three of the four loci, MIR4293/MIR1265 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, P-value = 1.1 × 10−9)], TRIM49/NAALAD2 (OR = 1.65, P-value = 4.8 × 10−8) and MYO16 (OR = 3.91, P-value = 4.9 × 10−10), showed significant associations in the meta-analysis with Korean datasets. Bioinformatics analyses identified MIR4293, NAALAD2 and MYO16 as candidate causal genes. MIR4293 regulates a PPARG-related adipogenesis pathway relevant to S-ONFH. We identified three novel susceptibility loci for S-ONFH in SLE.
Inflammatory Process and Immune System in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ruiz Norma Angélica Labra , Del Ángel Daniel Santamaría , Brizuela Norma Osnaya , Peraza Armando Valenzuela , Olguín Hugo Juárez , Soto Mónica Punzo , Guzmán David Calderón 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the general population. In mental disorders, the activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain is a major producer of excitotoxicity and an inducer of oxidative stress. The occurrence of these 2 events is partly responsible for the neuronal damage inherent in patients with mental disorders. In the case of MDD, the release of hormone and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and indicators of oxidative stress have been identified as consequences of this event. The most important affectations in patients with MDD are changes in their cognitive and executive functions due to brain inflammation. Hence, these biomarkers can serve as diagnostic and severity classification tools and treatment. In this work, we described the communication pathway between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in MDD and suggested possible therapeutic options for the disease.
Controversial collections
Authors: Tietze Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study discusses the works of art presented by Randlord Max Michaelis and his wife, Lilian, to public institutions in South Africa, particularly in Cape Town. The study notes that benefactions of this kind were unusual for the Randlords– many of whom were, like Michaelis, of German-Jewish origin – and considers the gifts in the context of South African union and the drive to provide a ‘new’ nation with a humanist cultural heritage. But it observes that the works of art presented by the Michaelises – paintings as well as works on paper – prompted as much controversy as gratitude, since they were often judged to be of dubious authenticity. These various gifts, and their reception, are analysed to assess the extent to which this response was justified. Ultimately, it is argued, the honourable intentions of the couple, and some important benefactions, have been undervalued and might have been more positively acknowledged.