bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Quantification of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Hospitalized Children &lt;6 Years of Age
Authors: Stallings Clark , Zhu Yuwei , Grijalva Carlos G. , Edwards Kathryn , Self Wesley H. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Using caregiver report and urinary cotinine measures, we defined the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among young, hospitalized children and compared exposure among those hospitalized with pneumonia versus those with acute, nonrespiratory illnesses.

METHODS:
Children aged &lt;6 years hospitalized with pneumonia or acute, nonrespiratory illnesses were enrolled on admission, and urinary cotinine, a nicotine biomarker, was measured. Caregivers were also queried on home SHS exposure. We modeled associations between sociodemographic characteristics and exposure intensity on the basis of cotinine level (none, light, and heavy) using multivariable proportional odds regression. We also examined associations between SHS exposure intensity and diagnosis (pneumonia versus nonrespiratory illness). For this analysis, diagnosis was the outcome of interest, and urinary cotinine was the primary exposure variable.

RESULTS:
Overall, 36% of the 239 enrolled children had reported home SHS exposure, although 77% had detectable levels of urinary cotinine, including 59% with heavy exposure. The highest urinary cotinine level was among children exposed to indoor smoking (7.78 ng/mL, interquartile range 2.93–18.65; P &lt; .001). Increased SHS exposure was associated with non-Hispanic ethnicity, lower household educational attainment, and public insurance. There were no differences in SHS exposure by diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among hospitalized young children, reported home SHS exposure was common but substantially underestimated when compared with urinary cotinine levels. The highest urinary cotinine levels were among children exposed to indoor smoking. Future public health interventions, as well as more robust SHS exposure screenings on hospital admission, are needed to reduce the prevalence of SHS exposure among young children.
Children’s Drawings of Coronavirus
Authors: Martinerie Laetitia , Bernoux Delphine , Giovannini-Chami Lisa , Fabre Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES
To understand how children perceive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in relation to public representations and to evaluate their interpretations.

METHODS
Children’s perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by asking 103 French children, aged 5 to 17 years old, first to draw a coronavirus and then to identify SARS-CoV-2 in a series of 16 images during summer 2020.

RESULTS
One hundred three children were included in the study, either during outpatient visits at the hospital (in Marseille and Paris) or through the authors’ social network, and were grouped in terms of age, parents’ occupation, mode of recruitment, and recollection of having previously seen a representation of a coronavirus. Half of the children drew the coronavirus as circular in shape, and almost all included a crownlike feature. One-third of the drawings had anthropomorphic features. Although the pictorial representations of the virus were fairly accurate overall, the children’s interpretations of the crownlike structure were imaginative. The explanations the children gave for their drawings were in some cases surprising. Among the 16 pictures they were shown, the children correctly identified those of SARS-CoV-2, other than the electron micrograph, in more than two-thirds of cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Children of all ages, even the youngest, and both sexes had a relatively accurate perception of SARS-CoV-2, as evaluated through their drawings and their ability to recognize it among other pictures. The children’s drawings of the coronavirus were colorful and had a less frightening tone than expected in the light of media coverage, suggesting that they had developed coping mechanisms.
Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Practices of Breast Self-Examination among Women in Northern Ghana
Authors: Buunaaim Alexis Dun Bo-Ib , Salisu Waliu Jawula , Hussein Hawawu , Tolgou Yempabe , Tabiri Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a major global health concern in both developed and developing countries. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer (BC), and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among females in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 1122 participants; consisting of nurses 157 (14.1%), teachers 227 (20.2%), undergraduate university students 339 (30.5%), medical students 95 (8.5%) and market women 304 (27.3%). Using a convenience sampling method to select the participants, we distributed questionnaires to participants which were completed and returned. Results: Most of the participants, 498 (44.4%) were between age 19-25. The majority were enlightened about BC (93.1%), and BSE (87.6%), 723 (64%) had good knowledge about the risk factors of BC. A total of 857 (76.4%) had previously been taught BSE. However, only 417 (37.2%) were found to practice BSE regularly. Conclusion: The knowledge of BC risk factors and BSE was remarkable, but varied in the various occupational categories. However, only a few participants practiced BSE regularly. There is a need for widespread educational campaigns to educate further and encourage women to practice BSE regularly. The inclusion of men in these crusades is long overdue. Equipped with the knowledge and skills of BSE, men could assist and encourage their spouses to frequently examine themselves. Further research studies will be necessary to ascertain the role of men in championing BSE among their significant others.
Keywords: awareness; breast cancer; breast self-examination; knowledge; practice; Ghana; Tamale
Ketamine prolongs survival in symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice
Authors: John A. Stanford  , Matthew Macaluso  , Richard J. Barohn  , Peck Lauren 
Published: June 2021

Objective. Although riluzole and edaravone are FDA-approved for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), these drugs have negligible effect on disease progression and survival. Recent studies reporting neuroprotection from sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine support testing this drug in this rapidly progressing and fatal disease.

Methods. We administered ketamine at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg to SOD1-G93A mice 5 days/week beginning at 90 days of age. We measured body weight, grip strength, and survival in this model of ALS.

Results. Although ketamine did not influence disease-related loss of body weight, it did delay grip strength declines in the 30 mg/kg group. Ketamine also prolonged survival in the 30 mg/kg group and dose-dependently increased the latency between 20% loss of body weight and death.

Conclusions. These results support further testing of ketamine in preclinical models of ALS to determine optimal dosing. They also support testing in the clinic given the limited efficacy of current ALS treatments and given FDA approval of ketamine for other indications like treatment-resistant depression.
Potencjał odporności psychospołecznej z perspektywy zasobów człowieka. Implikacje pedagogiczne
Authors: Jazukiewicz Iwona 
Published: June 2021

Życie w czasie pandemii, spowodowanej wirusem SARS-CoV-2, stało się trudniejsze. Codzienne funkcjonowanie wymaga wprowadzenia zmian, respektowania nowych zasad, sprostania większym wymaganiom. Została naruszona równowaga między potrzebami, działaniami i warunkami. Interesujące jest to, że część osób, pomimo utrudzenia, pozostaje zaangażowana w swoje życiowe role rodzinne i społeczne, a także przyjmuje role nowe, np. pomagając innym. W obliczu ogromnych obciążeń osoby te pozostają twórcze, zaangażowane i pełne nadziei. Dotychczasowa analiza naukowa była koncentrowana głównie na nieuleganiu stresowi, z podkreśleniem znaczenia percepcji stresu i różnic indywidualnych. Sytuacja pandemiczna ujawnia konieczność większego zwrócenia uwagi na zainteresowanie pozytywne: twórczego funkcjonowania w obliczu stresu. W badaniach naukowych potwierdzone jest znaczenie zyskiwania zróżnicowanych zasobów dla kształtowania potencjału odporności psycho-społeczno-fizycznej.
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie znaczenia kształtowania potencjału odporności psychospołecznej człowieka jako zadania w wychowaniu. Odporność psychospołeczna rozumiana jest jako zdolność znoszenia negatywnych konsekwencji trudnych wydarzeń oraz jako stopień pozostawania zaangażowanym w ważne zadania życiowe w obliczu tych wydarzeń.
Kształtowanie potencjału odporności w wychowaniu zostało przedstawione w kontekście zasobów. Dokonano analizy pojęcia i znaczenia zasobów. Skategoryzowano je według następujących kryteriów: relacja, w jakiej zasoby pozostają wobec podmiotu w znaczeniu przynależenia do niego; treść poszczególnych kategorii zasobów; znaczenie zasobów dla przetrwania człowieka. Wyłoniono siedem mechanizmów działania zasobów, wyjaśniając ich związek z odpornością psychospołeczną. Scharakteryzowano koncepcję szlaków Stevana E. Hobfolla.
Pedagogiczny wymiar przeżycia estetycznego
Authors: Gołek Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2021

Artykuł ukazuje pedagogiczny wymiar oddziaływania sztuki na człowieka. Inicjowane w kontakcie z dziełami sztuki przeżycia estetyczne odgrywają istotną rolę w kształtowaniu systemu postaw i systemu wartości człowieka. W trakcie przeżycia estetycznego odsłaniają się przed jednostką nie tylko wartości estetyczne, ale także wartości poznawcze i społeczno-moralne. Kontakt ze sztuką ułatwia samopoznanie i wspiera intelektualne rozpoznawanie coraz bardziej złożonej rzeczywistości, buduje porozumienie między ludźmi, pomaga w wewnętrznej pracy nad sobą. Wykorzystywanie przeżyć estetycznych w procesach kształcenia, wychowania i samokszatłtowania może być przeciwwagą dla utylitarnych i pragmatycznych tendencji we współczesnej edukacji, sprzyjać może kształtowaniu dojrzałej osobowości.
Roztropność, rozsądek, rozwaga – cnoty zalecane nie tylko Polakom. O twórczości etycznej i pedagogicznej Wincentego Kadłubka
Authors: Żywczok Alicja 
Published: June 2021

Ze względu na rzadką recepcję twórczości średniowiecznego myśliciela – Wincentego Kadłubka – autorka artykułu poddała badaniu część osiągnięć dziejopisarskich kronikarza należącą do dorobku aksjologii i aretologii. Kategorie „roztropność”, „rozsądek” i „rozwaga” mają bowiem, oprócz proweniencji etycznej, również wyraźne usytuowanie w dyscyplinie pedagogika i niektórych jej subdyscyplinach. Istotne znaczenie tych kategorii ujawnia się w obszarze pedagogiki teoretycznej i praktycznej. Zatem oprócz przypomnienia specyficznych cech epoki, w jakiej żył oraz tworzył ten wyjątkowy w dziejach narodu polskiego intelektualista, a także zaprezentowania zwięźle zarówno kroniki, jak i faktów biograficznych, niniejszy artykuł stanowi propozycję udzielenia odpowiedzi na kilka pytań: jak Wincenty Kadłubek postrzega roztropność, rozsądek i rozwagę? Jak ujmuje „rodowód”/genezę ludzkiej roztropności, rozsądku i rozwagi? Jakie znaczenie przypisuje kronikarz uosabianiu roztropności, rozsądku i rozwagi? Jakie warunki osiągnięcia roztropności podaje? Jakie czynniki stanowią, w jego przekonaniu, ich przeciwieństwa i przeszkody? Jakie przekazuje wskazówki odnośnie do przezwyciężania tych przeszkód, a także do wychowawczego kształtowania roztropności, rozsądku i rozwagi? Autorka podjęła się hermeneutycznej interpretacji mniej znanej części dorobku Kadłubka w przekonaniu, że analizowane dziedzictwo stanowi kapitał kulturowy narodu, skarbnicę rodzimej tradycji, wciąż mającą wiele do zaoferowania każdemu odbiorcy.
DETERMINAN PREFERENSI MENABUNG MAHASISWA DI BANK SYARIAH DENGAN PERSEPSI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING
Authors: Choiriyah Fatkul Mubin , Hakim Luqman 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Pengetahuan Produk Bank Syariah, Pelayanan Bank Syariah, dan Pendapatan terhadap Preferensi Menabung Mahasiswa di Bank Syariah dengan Persepsi sebagai Variabel Moderating. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam pengumpulan data. Pengujian kuesioner dilakukan dengan aplikasi Soland 2.1. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Universitas Airlangga, dan Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, dengan program studi pendidikan akuntansi, ekonomi syariah, dan ekonomi Islam. Sampel berjumlah 100 mahasiswa dengan teknik quota sampling. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier dan Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian ini, secara parsial Pengetahuan Produk Bank Syariah, Pelayanan Bank Syariah, Pendapatan, dan Persepsi mempunyai pengaruh yang positif serta signifikan terhadap Preferensi Menabung Mahasiswa di Bank Syariah. Secara simultan, semua variabel independen mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan serta positif terhadap variabel dependen. Persepsi sebagai variabel moderating Pengetahuan Produk Bank Syariah memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap Preferensi Menabung Mahasiswa di Bank Syariah, sedangkan Pelayanan Bank Syariah dan Pendapatan yang dimoderasi oleh Persepsi tidak memiliki pengaruh positif serta signifikan terhadap Preferensi Menabung Mahasiswa di Bank Syariah.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Produk Bank Syariah, Pelayanan Bank Syariah, Pendapatan, Persepsi, Preferensi Menabung. ABSTRACTThis study intends to analyze the effect Sharia banking product knowledge, Sharia banking services, and income towards preference saving students on Sharia banks with perception as a moderating variables. The research method used is quantitative research, using questionnaire in data collection. The questionnaire was tested using the Soland 2.1. The research population was students of the Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Universitas Airlangga, and Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, with study programs of accounting education, sharia economics, and Islamic economics. The sample used was 100 students with a quota sampling technique. Hypothesis testing uses linear regression analysis and Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study, partially, Sharia banking product knowledge, Sharia banking services, and Income, and Perception have a positive and significant effect on Saving Preferences in Sharia Bank. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant and positive influence on the dependent variable. Perception as a moderating variable Sharia Bank Product Knowledge has a significant effect on Saving Preference in Sharia Banks, while Sharia Banking Services and Income moderated by Perception do not have a positive and significant effect on Saving Preference in Sharia Banks.Keywords: Knowledge of Sharia Bank Products, Sharia Bank Services, Income, Perception, Savings Preferences.
Combination of Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, Genome shuffling and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) feeding to improve FK506 production in Streptomyces tsukubaensis
Authors: Ye Liting , Ye Ruifang , Hu Fengxian , Wang Guozhu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
FK506 is a clinically important macrocyclic polyketide with immunosuppressive activity produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis . However, the production capacity of the strain is very low. To improve production, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP)mutagenesis was adopted to get the initial strains used in genome shuffling (GS). After three rounds of GS, S. tsukubaensis R3-C4 was the most productive strain, resultingin a FK506 concentration of 335 μg/mL, 2.6 times than that of the originalwild-type strain. Moreover, exogenous DMSO 4 % (v/v) addition could induce efflux of FK506 and increased FK506 production by 27.9% to 429 μg/mL . Finally, analyses of the differences in morphology, fermentation characteristics and specific gene expression levels between S. tsukubaensis R3-C4 and the wild-type strain revealed that R3-C4 strain: has hampered spore differentiation , thicker mycelia and more red pigment, which are likely related to the downregulation of bldD and cdgB expression. In addition, the expression levels of fkbO , fkbP , dahp , pccB and prpE all showed up-regulation at diverse degrees compared to the wild-type S. tsukubaensis . Overall, these results show that a combined approach involving classical random mutation and exogenous feeding canbe applied to increase FK506 biosynthesis andmay be applied also tothe improvement of other important secondary metabolites.
Is Postoperative Non-Weight-bearing Necessary? (INWN) Study protocol for a pragmatic randomised multicentre trial of operatively treated ankle fracture
Authors: Khojaly Ramy Elmahy , Niocaill Ruairi Mac , Shahab Muhammad , Nagle Matthew , Taylor Colm , Rowan Fiachra E. , Cleary May 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Postoperative management regimes vary following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of unstable ankle fractures. There is an evolving understanding that extended periods of immobilisation and limitation of weight-bearing may lead to poorer clinical outcomes. Traditional non-weight bearing cast immobilisation may prevent loss of fixation, and this practice continues in many centres. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of immediate weight-bearing (IWB) and range of motion (ROM) exercise regimes following ORIF of unstable ankle fractures with a particular focus on functional outcomes and complication rates.Methods:A pragmatic randomised controlled multicentre trial, comparing IWB in a walking boot and ROM within 24 hours versus non-weight-bearing (NWB) and immobilisation in a cast for six weeks, following ORIF of all types of unstable adult ankle fractures (lateral malleolar, bimalleolar, trimalleolar with or without syndesmotic injury) is proposed. All patients presenting to three trauma units will be included. The exclusion criteria will be skeletal immaturity and tibial plafond fractures. The three institutional review boards have granted ethical approval. The primary outcome measure will be the functional Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS). Secondary outcomes included wound infection (deep and superficial), displacement of osteosynthesis, the full arc of ankle motion (plantar flexion and dorsal flection), RAND-36 Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scoring, time to return to work and postoperative hospital length of stay. The trial will be reported in accordance with the CONSORT statement for reporting a pragmatic trial, and this protocol will follow the SPIRIT guidance.Discussion:Traditional management of operatively treated ankle fractures includes an extended period of non-weight bearing. There is emerging evidence that earlier weight-bearing may have equivocal outcomes and favourable patient satisfaction but with higher wound-related complications. These studies often preclude more complicated fracture patterns or patient-related factors. To our knowledge, immediate weight-bearing (IWB) following ORIF of all types of unstable ankle fractures has not been investigated in a controlled prospective manner in recent decades. This pragmatic randomised-controlled multicentre trial will investigate immediate weight-bearing following ORIF of all ankle fracture patterns in the usual condition of care. It is hoped that these results will contribute to the modern management of ankle fractures.Trial registration:The trial is retrospectively registered on the 30th of June 2019, ISRCTN - ISRCTN76410775.http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76410775
Developing the First Pan-Canadian Survey on Patient Engagement in Patient Safety
Authors: Aho-glele Ursulla , Bouabida Khayreddine , Kooijman Allison , CristinaPopescu Ioana , Pomey Marie Pascale , Hawthornthwaite Lisa , Ploquin Jodi , Dunn Susan , Trbovich Patricia , Tétrault Benoit , Sousa Maiana Regina Gomes , Clément Louise , Lungu Nelea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient safety is a worldwide problem, and the patient contribution to mitigate the risk of patient harm is now recognized as a cornerstone to its solution. In order to understand the nature of integrating patients into patient safety and healthcare organizations and to monitor their integration, a Canadian survey tool has been co-constructed by patients, researchers and the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI). This questionnaire has been adapted from the French version of the patient engagement (PE) in patient safety (PS) questionnaire created for the province of Quebec, Canada. Methodology: The pan-Canadian PE in PS survey tool was developed in a five-step process: (1) a literature review and revision of the initial tool developed in the province of Quebec; (2) translation of the French questionnaire into an English version tool; (3) creation of a Canadian expert advisory group; (4) adaptation of the English version tool based on feedback from the expert advisory group (assessment and development of the construct’s dimensions, wording assessment and adaptation for pan-Canadian use, technical testing of the online platform for the survey); and (5) pilot testing and pre-validation of the tool before pan-Canadian use. Results and Conclusion: The pan-Canadian PE in PS survey tool comprises 5 sections: (1) demographic identification of the participants (Q1 to Q5); (2) general questions (Q6 to Q17); (3) the patient engagement process (experience level of participants and organizational incentives for PE in general) (Q18 to Q33); (4) PE in PS processes, such as current activities, strategies, structures, resources and factors (Q34 to Q67); and (5) the context and impact of PE in PS initiatives in Canadian healthcare organizations (CHOs) (Q68 to Q75), including outcome identification, improvement mechanisms and strategies, evaluation mechanisms, and indicators.
Implications for Emergency Response to the Severe Odor Incident Occurred in Source Water: Potential Odorants and Control Strategy
Authors: Guo Qingyuan , Li Zhaoxia , Chen Tianming , Yang Bairen , Ding Cheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identified the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the effluent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identified successfully in the source water of QT River and the effluent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identified odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the effluent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, propyl disulfide, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identified odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scientific basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.