bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of somatostatin analogues on glycaemia in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Patel Kishen Rajan , Nahar Ananda , Elhassan Yasir S. , Shetty Shishir , Smith Stacey , Vickrage Suzanne , Kemp‐Blake Joanne , Palani Raghavendar , Geh Ian , Venkataraman Hema , Shah Tahir , Ayuk John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) are the most commonly used drugs in the management of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) because of their ability to control symptoms and prolong survival. SSA use is associated with changes in glucose metabolism. However, the impacts on glycaemic control and body mass index (BMI) caused by SSAs in NETs are largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of SSA treatment on BMI and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in our cohort of patients with NETs. We also assessed changes in glycaemic control and BMI before and after SSA treatment. In addition, we assessed the incidence of new diabetes or whether there was worsening of glycaemic control for patients with pre‐existing diabetes. The study comprised a retrospective study of 279 patients with NETs who were treated with SSAs between January 2014 and January 2019. Glycaemic control was assessed by measuring changes in Hba1c. A number needed to harm analysis was used to look at new cases of diabetes within the study population. Treatment with SSAs was associated with a mean increase in HbA1c of 3.35 ± 6.30 mmol mol–1 despite a mean decrease in BMI of −1.04 ± 2.79 kg m–2. There were 19 new cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the population of 209 with a number needed to harm of 12.5. Of the 34 patients with pre‐existing T2DM, five had worsening of their mean HbA1c. Treatment with SSAs for NETs is associated with an increase in HbA1c, despite a reduction in BMI and, importantly, a risk of developing T2DM with a number needed to harm of 12.5.This project was registered with the National Health Service Clinical Audit and Registries. It has a CARMS number ‐ 17666.
Concussion Recovery in Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Parents' Experiences
Authors: Sullivan Lindsay , Wysong Matthew , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough parents play an instrumental role in youth concussion management, few studies have qualitatively explored youth concussion recovery from the parents' perspective. This study explored parents' experiences with and perceptions of their child's recovery from concussion, particularly with regards to the return‐to‐school process.METHODSWe conducted 11 face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews with the parents of concussed youth aged 11 to 17 years between October 2018 and April 2019. We used the methods of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding to analyze the data.RESULTSWe identified 7 themes during data analysis, which we divided into 2 categories: at home (prior to school re‐entry) and at school (during the school reintegration process). The at‐home category included 4 themes: (1) physical and cognitive rest; (2) child‐led decision‐making; (3) the role of parent‐child communication in recovery; and (4) feelings about returning to school following concussion. The at‐school category included 3 themes: (1) availability and utilization of academic accommodations; (2) return‐to‐school policies and procedures; and (3) support from school officials and teachers.CONCLUSIONSParents' experiences of their child's return‐to‐school post‐concussion underscore the need for evidence‐based guidelines for cognitive rest post‐concussion and a collaborative, team‐based approach to concussion management.
A Qualitative Investigation of Parent and Child Perceptions of School Food Allergy Policies in the United States
Authors: Vollmer Rachel L. , Girsch Virginia , Foster Jaime S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany schools implement well‐intentioned food allergy policies; however, may not ease parents'/children's worry and concern. The purpose of this study was to (1) explore children's and parents' perceptions their school's food allergy policy and (2) compare these perceptions to the documented school policy.METHODSChildren ages 8 to 18 with a food allergy and their parents (N = 18 pairs) across the US completed one‐on‐one semi‐structured, audio‐recorded phone interviews. School food allergy policies were collected from school websites. Content analysis was applied to the transcriptions by two investigators to identify themes among parents and children.RESULTSParents and children described policies may impact the child's social and/or emotional well‐being. Many opportunities for improvement were provided by parents and children. There is a wide variation in food allergy policies across the schools in this study, and overall, parents and children thought that policy enforcement needs to be improved.CONCLUSIONSWith so much variation in food allergy policies in schools coupled with inconsistent enforcement, parents and children may feel unsafe or unsupported by the school. Schools should adopt a team‐ or whole‐school approach to develop and enforce policies that help protect children with food allergies.
Shock‐metamorphic microstructures in quartz grains from Albian sandstones from the Tin Bider impact structure, Algeria
Authors: Kassab Fazia , Ferrière Ludovic , Belhai Djelloul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTin Bider is a 6‐km‐diameter complex impact structure, the largest one recognized in Algeria. The crater was excavated in Cretaceous sedimentary rocks composed of, from the base to the top, Albian sandstones, Cenomanian clays, Cenomanian‐Turonian limestones, undifferentiated Coniacian to Maastrichtian clays and limestones. The age of the impact event is poorly constrained to <66 Ma by stratigraphy, the youngest geological unit affected by the event being the ~66 Myr old Maastrichtian limestones. Albian sandstones outcrop in the central sector of the structure and represent the only occurrence at outcrop of this geological unit in the structure. Here we report on a detailed petrographic analysis of eight Albian sandstone samples that were searched for shock‐metamorphic features. We confirm the presence of rare shocked quartz grains with planar deformation features (PDFs) and report on their crystallographic orientations as determined using the universal stage microscope. PDFs oriented parallel to the π{} and ω{} orientations are the most abundant ones. For the first time in impactites from Tin Bider, PDFs with basal (0001) orientation, corresponding to amorphized mechanical Brazil twins, are reported. Our results indicate that locally the peak shock pressure was of at least 20 GPa, but much lower in average for the investigated samples.
Emotion as reflexive practice: A new discourse for feedback practice and research
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Olson Rebecca E. , McNaughton Nancy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionLike medicine and health care, feedback is a practice imbued with emotions: saturated with feelings relevant to one's identity and status within a given context. Often this emotional dimension of feedback is cast as an impediment to be ignored or managed. Such a perspective can be detrimental to feedback practices as emotions are fundamentally entwined with learning. In this critical review, we ask: What are the discourses of emotion in the feedback literature and what ‘work’ do they do?MethodsWe conducted a critical literature review of emotion and feedback in the three top journals of the field: Academic Medicine, Medical Education and Advances in Health Sciences Education. Analysis was informed by a Foucauldian critical discourse approach and involved identifying discourses of emotion and interpreting how they shape feedback practices.FindingsOf 32 papers, four overlapping discourses of emotion were identified. Emotion as physiological casts emotion as internal, biological, ever‐present, immutable and often problematic. Emotion as skill positions emotion as internal, mainly cognitive and amenable to regulation. A discourse of emotion as reflexive practice infers a social and interpersonal understanding of emotions, whereas emotion as socio‐cultural discourse extends the reflexive practice discourse seeing emotion as circulating within learning environments as a political force.DiscussionDrawing on scholarship within the sociology of emotions, we suggest the merits of studying emotion as inevitable (not pathological), as potentially paralysing and motivating and as situated within (and often reinforcing) a hierarchical social health care landscape. For future feedback research, we suggest shifting towards recognising the discourse‐theory‐practice connection with emotion in health professional education drawing from reflexive and socio‐cultural discourses of emotion.
Immunologic benefits of maternal living donor allografts in pediatric liver transplantation: fewer rejection episodes and no evidence of de novo allosensitization
Authors: Barbetta Arianna , Meeberg Glenda , Rocque Brittany , Barhouma Sarah , Weaver Carly , Gilmour Susan , Faytrouni Farah , Guttman Orlee , Zielsdorf Shannon , Etesami Kambiz , Kwon Yong , Yanni George , Campbell Patricia , Shapiro James , Emamaullee Juliet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients of maternal living liver donor (LLD) grafts have been reported to experience fewer rejection episodes. However, it is unclear whether this benefit translates to reduction in developing donor‐specific antibody (DSA) among maternal‐LLD recipients. The aim of this study was to compare immunologic outcomes among maternal‐LLD, non‐maternal‐LLD, and deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) recipients.MethodsChildren (≤18 years) who underwent LT between 1/1998 and 12/2019 at two high‐volume LT centers in North America were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups by type of graft received (maternal‐LLD, non‐maternal LLD, and DDLT). Clinical variables and outcomes were compared according to each graft type.ResultsA total of 450 pediatric primary LT were analyzed: 275 (61.1%) DDLT, 73 (16.2%) maternal‐LLD, and 102 (22.6%) non‐maternal‐LLD. Children receiving LLD grafts were less likely to develop rejection when compared to the DDLT group (DDLT 46.9% vs. maternal‐LLD 31.5% vs. non‐maternal‐LLD 28.4%, p = 0.001). There was no difference in rejection rates between maternal and non‐maternal‐LLD recipients. A higher percentage of maternal‐LLD recipients were on immunosuppression monotherapy compared to non‐maternal‐LLD and DDLT recipients (6.7% vs. 1.2 vs. 2.4%, respectively). A subgroup of 68 patients were tested for DSA post‐LT. Maternal‐LLD recipients were less likely to develop de novo DSA (maternal‐LLD 11.8% vs. non‐maternal‐LLD 19.3% vs. DDLT 43%, p = 0.018). None of the maternal‐LLD recipients developed antibody‐mediated rejection.ConclusionsThese data support the concept of immunologic benefit of maternal‐LLD in pediatric LT, with lower rates of rejection and allosensitization post‐LT when compared to DDLT recipients.
The Protective Effect of Edible Bird's Nest against the Immune‐senescence Process of UVB‐irradiated Hairless Mice
Authors: Park SulWoong , Kim InSook Sarah , Park Sang‐Yong , Seo Seul A. , Yang Jung‐Eun , Hwang Eunson 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEdible bird's nest (EBN) is a nutritious food with many beneficial effects, including protecting cells against oxidation and infection due to wounds, bacteria or viruses. EBN has shown antiaging, anti‐inflammatory and wound‐healing properties in skin cells. Here, we investigated whether EBN has protective effects against photoaging, inflammation and immune‐senescence in hairless mice treated with UVB irradiation. The skin thickness was lower in mice on an EBN diet than in mice treated with UVB alone. The level of hydration was significantly increased, while the index of transepidermal water loss decreased, in groups on the EBN diet. EBN also reduced erythema index in UVB‐irradiated mice. At the molecular level, skin elasticity and antiaging are associated with high expression of elastin, collagen and filaggrin and low expression of the membrane metalloproteinases, MMP‐1 and MMP‐2. Inflammatory markers such as interleukins, IL‐1β and IL‐6, and TNF‐α decreased significantly in the EBN groups. Caspase‐3, an important factor in the apoptotic pathway and in congenital and adaptive immune responses, decreased in the EBN groups. Moreover, EBN diminished the overexpression of immunoglobulin E and elevated mast cell counts in UVB‐irradiated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that EBN protects skin against aging and alleviates inflammation in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice.
Environmental accidents and environmental legislation in China: Evidence from provincial panel data (1997–2014)
Authors: Zang Xiaowei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge on environmental disasters and legislation is limited. I narrow this knowledge gap by examining the relationship between environmental accidents and climate legislation in the People's Republic of China. I offer an account of local environmental accidents and local environmental legislation and focus on political centralization to understand bill submission and bill enactment in local climate legislation in China. I built a unique provincial panel dataset for the period of 1997–2014 (N = 527) for the data analysis and found that environmental accidents are correlated with local climate legislation. I also discuss how local government leaders make rational choices under the incentive system in the Chinese bureaucracy in the wake of environmental accidents.Related ArticlesBrogan, Michael James. 2017. “Evaluating Risk and Natural Gas Pipeline Safety.” Politics & Policy 45(4): 657–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12211Liu, Zezhao, and Zhengwei Zhu. 2021. “China's Pathway to Domestic Emergency Management: Unpacking the Characteristics in System Evolution.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 619–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12407Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.” Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x
European lobster Homarus gammarus aquaculture: Technical developments, opportunities and requirements
Authors: Hinchcliffe James , Agnalt Ann‐Lisbeth , Daniels Carly L. , Drengstig Asbj∅rn , Lund Ivar , McMinn Jane , Powell Adam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe European lobster (Homarus gammarus) has been the subject of aquaculture and related research efforts for the last 150 years, due to both the wild fishery and cultural value of the species. Since the middle of the 20th century, increasing anthropogenic pressure has led to a severe decline in wild fish and shellfish stocks, including H. gammarus, with some fisheries yet to recover. H. gammarus is amongst the most exclusive and valuable European shellfish products, and whilst management measures have been implemented to safeguard stocks, H. gammarus aquaculture is an increasingly credible approach to help to secure a sustainable lobster supply. Historically, this has been achieved by relatively small‐scale release of hatchery‐reared juveniles during stock enhancement programmes. Until recently, commercial attempts at farming have not been viable, mainly due to cost‐prohibitive technical challenges. At present, there are several promising approaches to overcome bottlenecks hampering commercialisation of lobster aquaculture. This review summarises new technical and husbandry innovations in H. gammarus culture since the start of the 21st century, including technological innovations, husbandry and expansion of the stock enhancement (release) and farming (production) sectors. Additionally, likely directions for both sectors in the coming decades are summarised, knowledge gaps identified and the societal support required to achieve further potential are discussed.
Norwegian oil market concentration and its effects on the oil service companies 1993–2013
Authors: Bruno Lars Christian , Steen Riana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the effect of market concentration of the Norwegian oil production sector (NPS) on Norway's second‐largest industry, the oilfield services companies (OFS). To capture this effect, we use the system generalized method of moments approach (GMM) to estimate an empirical model, spanning the period 1993–2013. The findings indicate that increased market concentration is consistent with lower profitability of the oilfield services companies, as the bargaining power of oil companies relative to service companies increases. Increased knowledge about this effect could contribute to improving strategies for the further development of these industries by stakeholders.
Addiction curriculum design for medical students
Authors: Hostetter Kara , Thakkar Bhushan , Edwards Cherie , Martin Caitlin Eileen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs mortality and morbidity due to substance use disorder (SUD) are increasing for women, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, it is imperative to equip medical providers with skills to identify SUD and initiate treatments. We designed a curriculum to provide third‐year medical students with clinical exposure to SUD during pregnancy.ApproachThis novel, experience‐based SUD curriculum was focused on providing adequate knowledge, skills and confidence to provide compassionate, patient‐centred care to women with SUD. Obstetrics and Gynecology clerkship third‐year medical students rotated 1 day through a clinic that provides Obstetrics and Gynecology and addiction medicine services. Congruent with COVID‐19 limitations, students completed pre‐clinic assignments and in‐clinic tasks (e.g., screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment [SBIRT]) under supervision.EvaluationAfter implementation of this pilot curriculum, 20 students and 10 teachers completed surveys (100% response rate) with open‐ended response items. Quantitative data and open‐ended responses using electronic surveys were sequentially analysed to evaluate the curriculum's feasibility and acceptability.ImplicationsWe designed a novel curriculum that focused on SUD learning objectives and providing exposure to third‐year medical students, and our findings indicate that it is feasible and acceptable to both students and teachers. In the future, we plan to provide this curriculum to both our third‐ and fourth‐year medical students, and we encourage teachers and providers at other institutions to utilise it during their clinical training.
Two independently evolved natural mutations additively deregulate TyrA enzymes and boost tyrosine production in planta
Authors: Lopez‐Nieves Samuel , El‐Azaz Jorge , Men Yusen , Holland Cynthia K. , Feng Tao , Brockington Samuel F. , Jez Joseph M. , Maeda Hiroshi A. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYl‐Tyrosine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis and is also used in plants to synthesize diverse natural products. Plants primarily synthesize tyrosine via TyrA arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrAa or ADH), which are typically strongly feedback inhibited by tyrosine. However, two plant lineages, Fabaceae (legumes) and Caryophyllales, have TyrA enzymes that exhibit relaxed sensitivity to tyrosine inhibition and are associated with elevated production of tyrosine‐derived compounds, such as betalain pigments uniquely produced in core Caryophyllales. Although we previously showed that a single D222N substitution is primarily responsible for the deregulation of legume TyrAs, it is unknown when and how the deregulated Caryophyllales TyrA emerged. Here, through phylogeny‐guided TyrA structure–function analysis, we found that functionally deregulated TyrAs evolved early in the core Caryophyllales before the origin of betalains, where the E208D amino acid substitution in the active site, which is at a different and opposite location from D222N found in legume TyrAs, played a key role in the TyrA functionalization. Unlike legumes, however, additional substitutions on non‐active site residues further contributed to the deregulation of TyrAs in Caryophyllales. The introduction of a mutation analogous to E208D partially deregulated tyrosine‐sensitive TyrAs, such as Arabidopsis TyrA2 (AtTyrA2). Moreover, the combined introduction of D222N and E208D additively deregulated AtTyrA2, for which the expression in Nicotiana benthamiana led to highly elevated accumulation of tyrosine in planta. The present study demonstrates that phylogeny‐guided characterization of key residues underlying primary metabolic innovations can provide powerful tools to boost the production of essential plant natural products.
Retinal structural and microvascular abnormalities in retinal dysplasia imaged by OCT and OCT angiography
Authors: Ripolles‐Garcia Ana , Holle Dolores M. , Cohen Julie A. , Beltran William A. , Aguirre Gustavo D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the in vivo structural characteristics of multifocal and geographic retinal dysplasia visualized with advanced retinal imaging including confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and the novel vascular imaging technique OCT angiography (OCTA).Dogs studied and proceduresTwo dogs were diagnosed with unilateral multifocal or geographic retinal dysplasia and underwent advanced retinal imaging under general anesthesia at the Retinal Disease Studies Facility of the University of Pennsylvania.ResultsIn both cases, the morphological pattern of the lesions was similar including outer retinal folds that invaginated and formed tubular retinal rosettes, surrounding a central inner retinal thickening (multifocal) or plaque (geographic). The two dogs had multiple vascular anomalies in the lesions such as increased tortuosity, abnormal change of vessel diameter including aneurysms and capillary network disruption. We also identified increased autofluorescence by AF cSLO with short wavelength light source (488 nm and barrier filter at 500 nm), and several areas of photoreceptor loss associated with the lesions.ConclusionThe use of OCTA allowed the identification of microvascular abnormalities associated with multifocal and geographic retinal dysplasia in two dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the dye‐free OCTA technique is used to study vascular lesions in canine retinas.