bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esmolol during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Reduces Neurological Injury in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ruggeri Laura , Nespoli Francesca , Ristagno Giuseppe , Fumagalli Francesca , Boccardo Antonio , Olivari Davide , Affatato Roberta , Novelli Deborah , Giorgio Daria De , Romanelli Pierpaolo , Minoli Lucia , Cucino Alberto , Babini Giovanni , Staszewsky Lidia , Zani Davide , Pravettoni Davide , Belloli Angelo , Scanziani Eugenio , Latini Roberto , Magliocca Aurora 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Primary vasopressor efficacy of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is due to its α-adrenergic effects. However, epinephrine plays β1-adrenergic actions, which increasing myocardial oxygen consumption may lead to refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) and poor outcome. Methods. Effects of a single dose of esmolol in addition to epinephrine during CPR were investigated in a porcine model of VF with an underlying acute myocardial infarction. VF was ischemically induced in 36 pigs and left untreated for 12min. During CPR, animals were randomized to receive epinephrine (30µg/kg) with either esmolol (0.5mg/kg) or saline (control). Pigs were then observed up to 96h. Results. Coronary perfusion pressure increased during CPR in the esmolol group compared to control (p<0.05). In both groups, 7 animals were successfully resuscitated and 4 survived up to 96h. No significant differences were observed between groups in the total number of defibrillations delivered prior to final resuscitation. Brain histology demonstrated reductions in cortical neuronal degeneration/necrosis (p<0.05) and hippocampal microglial activation (p<0.01) in the esmolol group compared to control. Lower circulating levels of neuron specific enolase were measured in esmolol animals compared to controls (p<0.01). Conclusions. In this preclinical model, β1-blockade during CPR did not facilitate VF termination but provided neuroprotection.
Isolation and characterization of copper leaching microbes from sanitary landfills for copper bioleaching of waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Razali Muhammad Syafiq , Riyadi Fatimah Azizah , Ak Fazrena Nadia Md , Yuzir Muhamad Ali Muhammad , Othman Nor’azizi , Hara Hirofumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electronic waste has been the fastest increasing waste generated globally and predicted to surpass 111 million tons per year by the end of 2050. The amount of e-waste is a concern not just due to its volume, but also due to its high composition of heavy metal elements, which has leads to increased development of urban mining in terms of heavy metal extraction. One common method of extraction, i.e., acid leaching, is known for its harmful residual leachate, in which can have a high impact on the environment. This focuses on the alternative leaching techniques known as bioleaching, which take advantages of microbial activity in mobilization of metal into a more soluble form. Strains from sanitary landfill soil were isolated in acidic media and identified as Bacillus sp. strain SE, Lysinibacillus sp. strain SE2, Bacillus sp. strain S1A, and Oryzobacter sp. strain SC. Among the isolated stains, the identified strain Oryzobacter sp. strain SC was able to extract up to 23.36 ppm copper from waste printed circuit boards using a two-step bioleaching process, confirming the ability of the strain to perform bioleaching of copper from e-waste.
Breast Microecology Improvement Using Probiotics Following Needle Aspiration in Patients With Lactational Breast Abscess: a Multi-center Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gao Yajun , Qin Jing , Li Xiaoting , Jiang Fei , Cai Yuanxuan , Feng Hui , Gu Xidong , Gao Mingze , Wang Lijuan , Lin Yiqi , Fan Yingyi , Xu Bucun , Wang Enli , Shao Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies show that oral probiotics can improve the breast microecology and thus alleviate the inflammatory response; however, there is a lack of experimental data corresponding to cases with existing abscesses. We aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 during needle aspiration in patients with lactational breast abscesses.Methods: Patients (aged 20–41 years) with lactational single-cavity breast abscesses (diameter 3–6 cm) from 12 hospitals were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=50). Outcome measures included the abscess cure rate on day-5 of treatment, delactation rate, relieving pain rate, and the number of needle aspirations until day-28.Results: The experimental group’s 5-day cure rate (43.1%, 22/51) was significantly higher (p<0.05). The breastfeeding continuation on day-5 did not differ significantly (experimental group: 88.2%, 45/51; control group: 96.0%, 48/50; p=0.269). In the experimental and control groups, 19.6% and 14.0% of patients experienced moderate to severe pain on day-5, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p=0.451). The median number of needle aspirations up to day-28 was two in the experimental (1–3 times) and control (1–4 times) groups, with no statistically significant differences (Mann–Whitney U test, p=0.322). Four patients in each group developed diarrhea, with adverse reaction rates of 7.84% (4/51) and 8.0% (4/50), respectively. No adverse reactions were reported in the infants.Conclusion: L. fermentum can shorten the healing time in patients with lactational breast abscesses.Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn), registration number: ChiCTR2000032682, registration date: May 6, 2020.
Long-lived phonon polaritons in hyperbolic materials
Authors: Ni Guangxin , McLeod Alexander , Sun Zhiyuan , Matson Joseph , Lo Leo , Rhodes Daniel , Ruta Frank , Moore Samuel , Vitalone Rocco , Cuscó Ramon , Artus Lluis , Xiong Lin , Dean Cory , Hone James , Millis Andrew , Fogler Michael , Edgar James , Caldwell Joshua , Basov Dmitri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Natural hyperbolic materials with dielectric permittivities of opposite sign along different principal axes can confine long-wavelength electromagnetic waves down to the nanoscale, well below the diffraction limit. This has been demonstrated using hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPP) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and -MoO3, among other materials. However, HPP dissipation at ambient conditions is substantial and its fundamental limits remain unexplored1,2. Here, we exploit cryogenic nano-infrared imaging to investigate propagating HPP in isotopically pure hBN and naturally abundant -MoO3 crystals. Close to liquid-nitrogen temperatures, the losses for HPP in isotopic hBN drop significantly, resulting in propagation lengths in excess of 25 micrometers, with lifetimes exceeding 5 picoseconds, thereby surpassing prior reports on such highly-confined polaritonic modes. Our nanoscale, temperature-dependent imaging reveals the relevance of acoustic phonons in hyperbolic polariton damping and will be instrumental in mitigating such losses for miniaturized middle infrared technologies operating at the liquid-nitrogen temperatures.
D-dimer-to-platelet Ratio as a Novel Marker of in-hospital Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism: a Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Xincheng , He Yaowu , Shang Yu , Yang Yi , Wang Menghan , Li Yupeng , Wang Xue , Wang Junwei , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the value of D-dimer to platelets ratio (DPR) in predicting the in-hospital prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 237 patients with APE admitted from January 2016 to August 2020. The associations between the DPR and other predictors and serious adverse events were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: A total of 134 (56.5%) patients were categorized into the low DPR group (DPR <4.55) and 103 (43.5%) in the high DPR group (DPR ≥4.55) according to the cut-off value for the DPR of 4.55 with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 62.0%, respectively. The model that included DPR revealed a significant improvement in the accuracy of the predictive value compared with the sPESI score alone (AUC: 0.721 [95% CI: 0.636-0.807]; P <0.001 vs AUC: 0.607 [95% CI: 0.496-0.718]; P=0.085; respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that DPR (P=0.001) and the pulmonary embolus position (P=0.011) were independent factors of serious adverse events (SAEs) of APE inpatients. The in-hospital SAEs rate was significantly higher in the high DPR group compared with the low DPR group.Conclusion: Our findings showed that DPR is seemed to be a novel marker of risk stratification in patients with APE. This parameter may be used to identify these patients at higher risk for clinical adverse events, and individualization of therapeutic interventions should be timely considered.
The “black-box” of Treatment. Clients’ Perspective on What Works in Medication-assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.
Authors: Silva Teresa C. , Andersson Fredrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: A lack of conceptual modeling of how the components of medical-assisted treatment (MAT) for illegal opioid use work causes it to occasionally be labeled the “black-box” of treatment. This study had a two-fold objective: First, to analyze which factors related to MAT for opioid addiction contribute to the abstinence of illegal drug use and sustain recovery, from clients’ perspective; second, to understand which changes MAT produced in the individuals’ lives might significantly contribute to relapse prevention.Methods: We used qualitative methods of design, inquiry, and analysis from a convenience sample of 19 individuals in a Swedish treatment setting.Results: All the participants reported previous cycles of illegal drug abuse, treatment, abstinence, recovery, and relapse before starting the current MAT program. During the pre-treatment stage, specific events, internal processes, and social environments enhanced motivation toward abstinence and seeking treatment. During the treatment stage, participants perceived the quality of the human relationships established with primary social groups as important as medication and the individual plan of care in sustaining recovery. From the participants’ perspective, MAT was a turning point in their life course, allowing them a sense of self-fulfillment and the reconstruction of personal and social identity. However, they still struggled with the stigmatization produced by a society that values abstinence-oriented over medication-assisted treatments.Conclusion: MAT is not an isolated event in individuals’ lives but rather a process occurring within a specific social context. Structural factors and the sense of acceptance and belonging are essential to supporting the transformation. Treatment achievements and the risk for relapse most likely vary over time, so the objectives of the treatment plan must account for characteristics of the pre-treatment stage and the availability and capacity of individuals to restructure their social network, besides the opioid substitution treatment and institutional social care.
Performance of various pesticides against Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) of Basmati rice and effect on yield in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Singh Hem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present investigation was based on the management of Yellow stem borer which is a major pest of Basmati rice crop in India. All the treatments were applied to control this pest when it reached on its ETL level. The data recorded one day before of first spray and 3, 7, 10 days after of each spray. The observation revealed that all the treatments were found significantly superior over untreated control. Among the all treatments Fipronil 5 SC was found most effective followed by Imidacloprid 17.8 SC, Cartap hydrochlorid 4 G. Among the bio-pesticides B. bassiana was most effective after the chemical pesticides followed by M. anisopliae and V. lacani. The field treated with fipronil 5 SC produced the highest grain yield (38.35 q/ha) and Imidacloprid 17.8 SC was placed on second place with 37.26 q/ha grain yield followed by Thiamethoxam 25 WG (36.05q/ha) and Cartap hydrochloride 4G (33.87 q/ha).
The Effect of Extensor Muscle Strength on Meniscus Progression in Subjects Without Radiologic Knee Osteoarthritis -- Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Li Mingyang , Nie Yong , Li Kang , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Liu Yuan , Wu Limin , Shen Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHigh extensor strength decreased knee osteoarthritis symptomatic progression in female was well demonstrated. However, few studies detected a significant association between extensor strength and structural progression when joint space narrowing or cartilage loss were the indicators. The pathological change in meniscus could come earlier than that in cartilage and JSN, but no studies have specifically investigated the association between extensor strength and meniscus progression. MethodsParticipants in Osteoarthritis Initiative with both muscle strength and meniscus assessment, KL grade ≤ 1, and BMI < 30, were enrolled. In separate-sex analysis, participants were divided into the high strength group and the low strength group referring to the median baseline maximum extensor muscle strength/weight. Overall and classified meniscus progression in MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score was compared between the two groups, at 12 months (622 knees) and 24 months (548 knees). ResultsIn females, less overall medial meniscus progression (11.1% [17/153] VS 23.2% [32/138], P=0.04), less medial meniscal medially extrusion (5.2 % [8/155] VS 12.5 % [18/144], P =0.04), and less medial meniscal anteriorly extrusion progression (0 % [0/108] VS 5.3% [6/113], P=0.03), was presented in the high strength group over 24 months. No significant difference was detected in other comparisons (in males, or in lateral meniscus, or in 12 months). Conclusion High baseline extensor strength in females was associated with a decreased risk of 24- month medial meniscus progression. High extensor strength does not only correlate with less symptomatic progression of KOA, but also with lower risk of structural progression.
Defective Allele of the Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Increases Insulin Resistance During Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Nóbrega Otávio T , Campos-Staffico Alessandra M. , Oliveira Elayne Kelen , Munhoz Daniel B , Moura Filipe A. , Carvalho Luis Sérgio F. , Tonet-Furioso Audrey C. , Sposito Andrei C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: glycemia disorders are a strong predictor of mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. Disruption in nitric oxide (NO) production is associated with insulin-resistant states. We evaluated whether NO production in carriers of a defective allele of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS or NOS1), whose in vivo expression is reduced by up to 50%, might influence the insulin response during acute phase of STEMI. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients with STEMI (n = 354) underwent clinical evaluations and genotyping for the promoter variation rs41279104. Blood tests were performed at admission (D1) and after five days (D5) of in-hospital follow up, with the disposition index assessed in the period. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed by reactive hyperemia on the 30th day. Homozygotes for the defective allele (A) showed lower glycemia and insulin sensitivity at D1 while showing the highest b-cells function and no changes in the circulating NO pool, what is compatible with hyperresponsive b-cells to counteract the inherent glucose-resistant state of AA patients. At D5, glycemic scores shifted to indicate greater insulin sensitivity among A homozygotes, paralleled by a slight yet poor increase in NO bioavailability than that among G carriers. All in all, defective homozygotes showed greater insulin resistance expressed by the disposition index at admission, which was compensated 5 days after STEMI even though FMD of A carriers was lower compared to G homozygotes. Conclusion: a defective nNOS allele seems to elicit endocrine adaptation and to associate with insulin resistance during the acute phase of STEMI.
Extracellular Mutation Induces an Allosteric Effect Across the Membrane and Hampers the Activity of MRP1 (ABCC1)
Authors: Kanner Yuval Bin , Ganoth Assaf , Tsfadia Yossi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dynamic conformational changes play a major role in the function of proteins, including the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters. Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1) is an ABC exporter that protects tissues from toxic molecules. Overexpression of MRP1 has been shown to confer Multidrug Resistance (MDR), a phenomenon in which cancer cells are capable to defend themselves against a broad variety of drugs. Despite an increasing number of structures of MRP1, including a relatively new bovine cryo-EM structure, the accurate molecular details for its drug extrusion mechanism remain vague. In this study, we used varied computational techniques to explore the unique F583A mutation that is known to essentially lock the transporter in a low-affinity solute binding state. We demonstrate how macro-scale conformational changes affect MRP1’s stability and dynamics, and how these changes correspond to micro-scale structural perturbations in helices 10–11 and the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of the protein in regions known to be crucial for its ATPase activity. We demonstrate how a single substitution of an outward-facing aromatic amino acid causes a long-range allosteric effect that propagates across the membrane, ranging from the extracellular ECL5 loop to the cytoplasmic NBD2 over a distance of nearly 75 Å, leaving the protein in a non-functional state, and provide the putative allosteric pathway. The identified allosteric structural pathway is not only in agreement with experimental data but enhances our mechanical understanding of MRP1, thereby facilitating the rational design of chemosensitizers toward the success of chemotherapy treatments.
Validating Online Approaches for Rare Disease Research Using Latent Class Mixture Modeling.
Authors: Dwyer Andrew A. , Zeng Ziwei , Lee Christopher S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Rare disease patients are geographically dispersed, posing challenges to research. Some researchers have partnered with patient organizations and used web-based approaches to overcome geographic recruitment barriers. Critics of such methods claim that samples are homogenous and do not represent the broader patient population - as patients recruited from patient organizations are thought to have high levels of needs. We applied latent class mixture modeling (LCMM) to define patient clusters based on underlying characteristics. We used previously collected data from a cohort of patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) who were recruited online in collaboration with a patient organization. Patient demographics, clinical information, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) scores and Zung self-rating depression Scale (SDS) were used as variables for LCMM analysis. Specifically, we aimed to test the classic critique that patients recruited online in collaboration with a patient organization are a homogenous group with high needs. We hypothesized that distinct classes (clinical profiles) of patients could be identified - thereby demonstrating the validity of online recruitment and supporting transferability of findings. Results: In total, 154 patients with CHH were included. The LCMM analysis identified three distinct subgroups (Class I: n=84 [54.5%], Class II: n=41 [26.6%], Class III: n=29 [18.8%]) that differed significantly in terms of age, education, disease consequences, emotional consequences, illness coherence and depression symptoms (all p<0.001) as well as age at diagnosis (p=0.045). Classes depict a continuum of psychosocial impact ranging from severe to relatively modest. Additional analyses revealed later diagnosis (Class I: 19.2±6.7 yrs. [95%CI: 17.8-20.7]) is significantly associated with worse psychological adaptation and coping as assessed by disease consequences, emotional responses, making sense of one’s illness and SDS depressive symptoms (all p<0.001). Conclusions: We identify three distinct classes of patients who were recruited online in collaboration with a patient organization. Findings refute prior critiques of patient partnership and web-based recruitment for rare disease research. This is the first empirical data suggesting negative psychosocial sequelae of later diagnosis (“diagnostic odyssey”) often observed in CHH.
Organizational Commitment and Associated Factors Among Health Professionals Working in Public Health Facilities of Benchsheko Zone Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Dereje , Ololo Shimeles , Siraneh Yibeltal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Organizational commitment is the relative strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in a particular organization. It is an important predictor of absenteeism, turnover, organizational performance and success. Even though organizational commitment has a paramount importance for health care organizations, very few studies were done so far in Ethiopia particularly among health professionals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure level of organizational commitment and associated factors among health professionals working in public health facilities of Bench Sheko zone southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 Public health facilities found in randomly selected districts of Bench Sheko zone. Structured self-administered questioner was used to collect data from a total of 610 Health professionals from 10th of March – 30th of April. Data were entered into Epi-data manager Version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for further analysis. Factor analysis was done to create factor scores. Simple and multiple linear regression were done. Variables with p- value ≤ 0.25 in simple linear regression were candidate for multiple linear regression. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were done. Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The response rate of the study was 96.8%. The percentages mean score of organizational commitment of health professionals’ was 74.6%. Perceived recognition of employees (B 0.806 [95% CI: 0.711 - 1.00, p=0.000], perceived conducive work climate (B: 0.421 [95%CI: .322 - 0.520], perceived transformational leadership style (B 0.749 [95%CI: .604 - .894, p=0.000], perceived transactional leadership styles (B: 0.294 [95%CI: .198 - .390 p=0.000] and not having managerial position(B:-.293 [95%CI:-.559 -0.028] were predictors of organizational commitment. Conclusion: Overall level of organization commitment of health professionals’ was higher than what is reported in many other studies. Organizational commitment was affected by job satisfaction, leadership styles and managerial position of health professionals. Hence, policy makers and human resource managers need to pay special attention to intervene on these factors.