bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational selection of treatment methods in recurrent clubfoot
Authors: Divovich G. V. 
Published: October 2021

Objective.Based on an analytical assessment of the results of surgical treatment of children with equinovarus foot deformity of various origins (idiopathic clubfoot, syndromic clubfoot), to determine a way of rational selection of surgical techniquesin each specifc case.Materials and methods.The results of the treatment of 78 children with congenital idiopathic clubfoot over the period 2010–2018 were assessed in comparison with the results of the treatment of 41 children with recurrent congenital clubfoot, whose primary treatment had been carried out before 2010. We have gained the experience in treating 30 children with severe clubfoot syndrome (meningomyelocele, CNS lesions, chromosomal diseases and others).Results.In the treatment of congenital clubfoot with the Ponseti method, recurrences occur in 21.79 % of the cases, and in the traditional treatment — in 57.74 %. The Ponseti surgical treatment of recurrences consists in performing release operations on the tendon-ligament apparatus from mini-accesses. Cases of rigid, long-standing deformities require extensive releases on soft tissues, as well as resection and arthrodesis interventions on the joints of the foot. The treatment of clubfoot syndrome requires “surgically aggressive” methods of correction in early childhood.Conclusion.In the idiopathic variants of clubfoot and its relapses, it is possible to correct the vicious position of the feet by minimally invasive operations with minimal damage to the tissues of the circumﬂex joints and without damage to the ﬂexor tendons and their sheaths in the medial ankle area. Long-standing recurrent rigid variants, as well as syndromic clubfoot, presuppose the performance of extensive releases, osteotomies and arthrodetic resections of the joints of the foot at an early age. A promising direction for clubfoot correction in the process of child development is a surgery with the use of the bone growth potential of the lower leg and foot.
Givosiran (Givlaari)
Authors: Reimbursement Team  
Published: October 2021

CADTH recommends that Givlaari should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) in adults if certain conditions are met.
Givlaari should only be covered to treat patients who have experienced 4 or more attacks requiring either hospitalization, an urgent health care visit, or intravenous hemin in the year prior to the prescribing date.
Givlaari should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a clinician experienced in the management of AHP, if it is not used in combination with prophylactic hemin, and if the cost of Givlaari is reduced. Reimbursement of Givlaari should be renewed after 12 months if there is a reduction in the annualized attack rate.
Nivolumab (Opdivo) in combination with Ipilimumab (Yervoy)
Authors: Reimbursement Team  
Published: October 2021

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses nivolumab (Opdivo) 10 mg/mL for injection; administered by IV infusion and ipilimumab (Yervoy) 5 mg/mL for injection; administered by IV infusion
Indication: Nivolumab (Opdivo) in combination with ipilimumab (Yervoy) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable MPM who have not received prior systemic therapy for MPM
Heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils
Authors: Bukombe Benjamin , Fiener Peter , Hoyt Alison M. , Kidinda Laurent K. , Doetterl Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Heterotrophic soil respiration is an important component of the global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, driven by environmental factors acting from local to continental scales. For tropical Africa, these factors and their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, using samples collected along topographic and geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we study how soil chemistry and fertility drive soil respiration of soils developed from different parent materials even after many millennia of weathering. To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic and mixed sediment) sampled along slope gradients. For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration under stable environmental conditions and the radiocarbon content (Δ14C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. We found that soil microorganisms were able to mineralize soil C from a variety of sources and with variable C quality under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoil. However, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral-related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these energy sources in favour of more accessible forms of soil organic matter, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling. Furthermore, despite similarities in climate and vegetation, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. The topographic origin of our samples was not a main determinant of the observed respiration rates and Δ14C. In situ, however, soil hydrological conditions likely influence soil C stability by inhibiting decomposition in valley subsoils. Our results demonstrate that, even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks and the
turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict
C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.
The Arabic version of the sleep hygiene index: Linguistic validation and cultural adaptation among University students in Qatar
Authors: Ali Raja , Zolezzi Monica , Awaisu Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Sleep is necessary for maintaining adequate health and well-being. However, several behavioral and environmental factors, known as sleep hygiene, could affect sleep quality, contributing to the development of insomnia. Instruments to measure sleep hygiene such as the sleep hygiene index (SHI) have been developed, but only a few are available in the Arabic language. Therefore, this study was designed to translate and culturally adapt the SHI from English to Arabic. Methods: The SHI was translated from English to Arabic using the forward–backward translation method recommended by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines. Nine Arabic-speaking individuals of diverse educational and cultural backgrounds reviewed the Arabic SHI. The internal consistency reliability of the items contained in the Arabic SHI was determined. Results: The SHI was successfully translated and culturally adapted into the Arabic language. Minimal changes in the wording of some questions were required to ensure the cultural adaptability of the instrument. The Arabic version of the SHI was found to be simple, clear, and brief as reported by the participants during cognitive debriefing. The Arabic SHI has moderate internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.589. Conclusion: The Arabic SHI is a brief and easy-to-understand instrument for assessing sleep hygiene practices and behavior in Arabic-speaking population. Further assessment of the psychometric properties of the Arabic SHI is necessary to ensure the validity of this instrument in different populations.
MOTIVASI NASABAH DALAM BERTRANSAKSI RAHN PADA PT. PEGADAIAN SYARIAH UNIT PASAR BARU ABEPURA
Authors: Apriani Lady Afisyah , Amiirullah Amiirullah , Affandy Fachrudin Fiqri 
Published: October 2021

Berkembangnya waktu pada saat ini PT. Pegadaian Syariah telah menunjukkan perkembangannya secara signifikan, dengan selalu mengoptimalkan motivasi nasabah dalam bertransaksi rahn. PT. Pegadaian Syariah dalam menghadapi persaingan yaitu dengan menyediakan produk gadai yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat di masa yang akan datang, dengan menyediakan produk gadai sertifikat, alat elektronik, BPKB dan emas yang merupakan layanan gadai dengan fasilitas titipan dan harga yang terjangkau.
Latar belakang penelitian ini adanya persaingan ketat antara lembaga keuangan pegadaian syariah terutama terhadap pegadaian konvensional, sehingga pegadaian syariah lebih mononjolkan segi positif produknya dari pegadaian konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang memotivasi nasabah dalam bertransaksi rahn dan untuk mengetahui yang dilakukan oleh pegadaian untuk memotivasi nasabah bertransaksi rahn. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan metode analisis Miles dan Huberman.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memotivasi nasabah dalam bertransaksi rahn diantaranya dari pemasaran produk rahn melalui sosialisasi, brosur, pamflet atau spanduk dan minat nasabah bertransaksi rahn untuk kebutuhan. Keunggulan produk bertransaksi rahn yaitu tidak ada bunga, lebih cepat, lebih murah, biayanya rendah dan motivasi nasabah dalam bertransaksi rahn dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan mendesak, modal usaha dan biaya sekolah. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh pegadaian dalam memotivasi nasabah bertransaksi rahn diantaranya pemasaran produk rahn melalui sosialisasi, event, siaran radio, televisi, brosur, pamflet atau spanduk. Adanya minat nasabah terhadap produk rahn yaitu untuk menambah modal, mengajukan kredit mikro dan biaya sekolah. Adanya pelayanan yang baik kepada nasabah tidak ada bunga, dan motivasi bertransaksi rahn didasari pada kebutuhan.
Processing of gong oil (Pachymerus Nucleorum) to obtain biodiesel by methyl route
Authors: Cidreira Vieira José Sebastião , Silva Castro Wilame , Da Costa Reis Hugo , De Melo Rodrigues Makson Rangel , Pessoa Taciano , De Sousa Falcão Milton , Camelo Chaves Davina , Costa Perreira Efraim 
Published: October 2021

Dentre as espécies com potencial para a obtenção de biodiesel no Brasil, destacam-se o gongo (Pachymerus nucleorum), um besouro, que vive dentro de frutos de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), tucum (Bactris setosa) e babaçu (Attalea speciosa) até a fase adulta. Este trabalho teve por objetivo extrair o óleo do gongo e adequá-lo para produção de biodiesel por transesterificação tradicional. A caracterização físico-química do óleo in natura revelou elevado teor de ácidos graxos livres (1,63 e 1,74% AGL). O óleo de foi submetido ao processo de esterificação por catálise ácida e os resultados indicaram uma redução significativa de AGL (0,85% e 0,55%). Os espectros de FTIR do óleo esterificado e do biodiesel revelaram a presença de ésteres metílicos e baixo teor de umidade. O Brasil é um grande produtor mundial de óleos vegetais. Esta condição o coloca na vanguarda do uso de combustíveis renováveis do planeta, e pode se constituir em uma excelente oportunidade de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do país.
Pedagogisk arbeid med grunnverdien tilgivelse
Authors: Hansen Helskog Guro 
Published: October 2021

Tilgivelse er en av grunnverdiene i Opplæringslovens §1 (Formålsparagrafen) og Overordnet del av læreplanverket. Empirisk forskning antyder at tilgivelse har både psykiske og fysiske helsemessige gevinster. Det er derfor gode grunner til å arbeide pedagogisk med tilgivelse i skole og lærerutdanning. I denne artikkelen analyseres og sammenliknes derfor fire eksempler på henholdsvis psykologiske og filosofiske tilnærminger til slikt arbeid. Til tross for ulikheter viste alle tilnærmingene god effekt. Det betyr imidlertid ikke at det uten videre er etisk forsvarlig å innføre dem på generelt grunnlag i skole og lærerutdanning, da fenomenet tilgivelse kan berøre barn og unge i deres ytterste sårbarhet. Dette problemet drøftes til slutt i bestrebelsene etter å svare på artikkelens problemstilling: Hva er godt pedagogisk arbeid med skolens grunnverdi tilgivelse?
Nøkkelord: Skolens formål, tilgivelse, pedagogisk arbeid, pedagogisk filosofi, Dialogos, filosofisk dialog
Jeg sa unnskyld!
Authors: Kleiven Tormod 
Published: October 2021

Artikkelen behandler spørsmålet om hvilket innhold og relevans tilgivelse har i møte med barn og unge i familie, barnehage, skole og innen trosopplæringssammenheng. Tilgivelse som begrep og fenomen diskuteres ut fra en analyse av faglitteratur innen filosofi, psykologi og teologi, og i lys av teori om minneforståelse og relatert til målgruppa. Artikkelens andre del omhandler temaer som analysen har aktualisert med tanke på hvordan tilgivelse og forsoning kan formidles og praktiseres i møte med barn og unge. Diskusjonen legger til grunn at tilgivelse er et resultat av et oppgjør hvor den som er såret, oppdager at hun eller han har en endret og frigjørende posisjon til den som har såret. Dette innebærer også at tilgivelse først og fremst formidles og modelleres som en livsforståelse og holdning, mer enn som et øyeblikks handling.
Nøkkelord: Tilgivelse, forsoning, oppgjør, minner
Nøkkelord: Tilgivelse, forsoning, oppgjør, minner
Microwave Digestion of Hazardous Waste Sludge in Geothermal Hot Waters by Char/Fly Ash Granule Composts-Hazardous Sludges and Industrial Waste Water Treatment
Authors: İsmail Tosun Yıldırım 
Published: October 2021

Most of the previous were regarding characteristics of sludge from urban/municipal activities concerning environmental issues on industrial sludge discharges causing fatal disasters in the lakes and water streams. The washing treatment of mud was searched. This research study concentrated over oxidative heavy metal dissolution and sterilization washing of muddy sludge of chemical, steel and copper refinery plants. The hazardous Hg and Pd contents using washing dissolution provided recovery of metals and treated sludge as the feedstock for digestion process. The research used hazardous sludge which is the by-product of the heat treated steel manufacturing process of CN baths and sludge from pulp washing industries. However, there is a sterilization washing by microwave radiation was reported on various sludge metal contamination characteristics in wastewater treatment stage. The results of a limited number of bench-scale sludge washing experiments conducted in the tube reactor study confirmed high radiation trends for washing dissolution with H2O2 in soil samples obtained from different locations in the north lake area of discharge of at the Plant Site. In general the contaminants in waste pond soils partitioned preferentially to the fine fraction of the soil (<150 μm however, the sand fraction (−0,5 mm + 150 μm) still contained significant contamination. These tests also showed that the heavy metal contaminants were highly dissolved at 45–76% in the wash water, which will reduce washing toxicity and improve metal recovers.
Forfattersignatur
Authors: Mønster Louise 
Published: October 2021

This article is about Tua Forsström and the impact and power of poetry. It is based on the assumption that the signature of a work, and sometimes an author’s entire oeuvre, is not primarily located in the author or narrator, but rather in the mood, atmosphere, voice and tone that characterize the work. These phenomena, however, are difficult to deal with. With reference to various researchers, I examine the concepts of tone, voice, mood and atmosphere, in order to find central points of attention in an affective and ambient-oriented reading. More specifically I build on Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht’s and Horace Engdahl’s approaches to these issues and use their insights as I delve further into Forsström’s work. Here I examine the author’s poetological basis, and, with special focus on the poetry collection Songs, I exemplify how an affective and ambient reading can unfold.
Eventyrets tid, historiens rum
Authors: Overgaard Mathias 
Published: October 2021

Mathias Overgaard: “Fantastic Time, Historical Space – The Dynamics of the Thirty Years’ War in The Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus”
This article sets out to investigate the presence of the Thirty Years’ War in Grimmelshausen’s Simplicissimus by illuminating the relationship between an ahistorical configuration of time and a historically specific spatiality. By analyzing the co-constitutional interrelation between Simplicius and the spaces he encounters, the article proposes a metaphysical reading of the protagonist as a disruptive element that resembles some of the changes which the war forced upon a great part of Europe.
Keberhasilan Semu Deradikalisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Febriane Sarie , M. Mariamah 
Published: October 2021

This paper researches the claim made by the Indonesian government regarding the deradicalization program that it ran to deradicalize militants. The Indonesian government claimed that the deradicalization program had been very successful and effective in countering religious extremism. This paper will examine the effects of the de-radicalisation program and will argue that the program has not been as effective as has been claimed. This paper highlights researches which indicate that the program doesn't have a clear structure and the facts that it has been used by terrorist suspects to leave prison through using rewards received after joining the program and rather than being 'de-radicalised' have returned to their terrorist networks and involvement in serious terrorist activities and planning. Whilst the effectiveness of deradicalization program had been claimed by the Indonesian government, this paper argues that the current weak structure of the Indonesian prison system has contributed to the ineffectiveness of the disengagement and deradicalization process. This paper also looks at how the deradicalization program had been used primarily as the purpose of data gathering. Finally this paper will end by proposing recommendation for improving and strengthening the prison system in Indonesia to strengthen disengagement process.
Identification, expression, and functional analysis of Hsf and Hsp20 gene families in Brachypodium distachyon under heat stress
Authors: Li Na , Jiang Min , Li Peng , Li Xiwen 
Published: October 2021

Background
The heat shock factor (Hsf) and small heat shock protein (sHsp, also called Hsp20) complex has been identified as a primary component in the protection of plant cells from ubiquitous stresses, particularly heat stress. Our study aimed to characterize and analyze the Hsf and Hsp genes in Brachypodium distachyon, an annual temperate grass and model plant in cereal and grass studies.

Results
We identified 24 Hsf and 18 Hsp20 genes in B. distachyon and explored their evolution in gene organization, sequence features, chromosomal localization, and gene duplication. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that BdHsfs could be divided into three categories and BdHsp20s into ten subfamilies. Further analysis showed that the 3’UTR length of BdHsp20 genes had a negative relationship with their expression under heat stress. Expression analyses indicated that BdHsp20s and BdHsfs were strongly and rapidly induced by high-temperature treatment. Additionally, we constructed a complex regulatory network based on their expression patterns under heat stress. Morphological analysis suggested that the overexpression of five BdHsp20 genes enhanced the seed germination rate and decreased cell death under high temperatures.

Conclusion
Ultimately, our study provided important evolutionary and functional characterizations for future research on the regulatory mechanisms of BdHsp20s and BdHsfs in herbaceous plants under environmental stress.
Abundance and Diversity of Snails in Relation to Physicochemical Parameters along Kwadom Stream, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Tela Murna , Usman Abubakar 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate the abundance and diversity of snails along Kwadom stream, Gombe state, Nigeria.
Study Design: Snails were collected using a benthic scoop net with mesh size of 0.2 mm and hand picking from three sampling stations (home, farmlands, and fishponds sites) along Kwadom stream; between 6:30 am to 11:00 am weekly. In addition, physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, water depth and pH) were measured fortnightly to determine their effect on the diversity of snail species.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted along Kwadom stream in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria from March to July 2021.
Methodology: Snails were collected from each of the three stations and identified to species level using hand lens and taxonomy keys. Water physicochemical parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, water depth and pH were measured using standard method. General linear models (GLM) were used to compare the abundance and diversity of the snails across the sampling station, as well as the effect of physicochemical parameters on the diversity of snails.
Results: 160 individual snails were recorded from 11 species, including Biomphalaria pfeifferi– the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. The result showed there was a significant difference in the abundance of snails (p<0.01) across the three study sites – home site 68 (42.5%), farmlands site 56 (35%) and fishpond site 36 (22.5%). The home site had a higher diversity of snail species (p<0.01) relative to the farmlands and fishponds sites. Temperature, conductivity, and alkalinity had a significant effect on the diversity of snails.
Conclusion: Overall, Kwadom stream harbors many individual snail species, suggesting the need for educating the public on the mode of transmission of diseases that are caused by these snails.
A New Sodium Calcium Cyclotetravanadate Framework: “Zero‐Strain” during Large‐Capacity Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Cao Haijie , Ma Siyuan , Liu Xuehua , Li Xiao , Chen Guanyu , You Wenbin , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract“Zero‐strain” materials with little lattice strain and volume change during long‐term cycling are ideal electrode choices for long‐life lithium‐ion batteries. However, the very limited “zero‐strain” materials explored generally show small capacities (<200 mAh g−1), and the origin of “zero‐strain” is still unclear. Here, Na2Ca(VO3)4 (NCVO) nanowires are explored as a new anode material capable of keeping single‐phase‐transition “zero‐strain” during large‐capacity (381 mAh g−1) Li+ intercalation. NCVO owns a crystal structure with isolated [V4O12]4− tetracycles separated by large‐sized NaO6 octahedra and CaO8 square antiprism decahedra, generating large‐sized quadrilateral and hexagonal channels (≈3.6 Å). During lithiation, two‐electron transfer per vanadium is accomplished, introducing a large amount of Li+ into interstitial sites and increasing the size of reduced vanadium ions. The former and latter expansion effects are eliminated by the superior volume‐buffering capabilities of the sufficiently large interstitial sites and electrochemical inactive Na‐/Ca‐based polyhedra, respectively, thus achieving “zero‐strain” with the maximum volume variation of only 0.039% and mean strain of only 0.060%. Therefore, the NCVO nanowires exhibit exceptional cyclic stability, as demonstrated by 93.8%/93.2%/94.7% capacity retention over 2000/2000/7000 cycles at 1C/2C/10C. The understanding of the crystal‐structural features for “zero‐strain” provides a guide for the future designs of “zero‐strain” energy‐storage materials.