bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the ulnar nerve: the first case report with review of the literature
Authors: Derqaoui Sabrine , Zouaidia Fouad , Jahid Ahmed , Bernoussi Zakia , Znati Kaoutar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a lymphoid malignancy characterized by minority population of neoplastic cells (Reed-Sternberg cells and its variants) within a reactive inflammatory background. It encompasses two entities: classical HL (∼95% of cases) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (∼5% of cases). Primary lymphoma of peripheral nerves (PLPN) represent a very rare condition, since only 19 cases have been reported in the English literature to date, all of which are of a non-HL phenotype. A 20-year-old female presented an intramural mass of the ulnar nerve. Histological analysis revealed a Classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Further investigations failed to reveal nodal or extranodal involvement. PLPN is a very rare entity. There is a need for further understanding of this unusual lymphoma presentation.
Maps of a Nation? The Digitized Ordnance Survey for New Historical Research
Authors: Hosseini Kasra , McDonough Katherine , van Strien Daniel , Vane Olivia , Wilson Daniel C S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although the Ordnance Survey has itself been the subject of historical research, scholars have not systematically used its maps as primary sources of information. This is partly for disciplinary reasons and partly for the technical reason that high-quality maps have not until recently been available digitally, geo-referenced, and in color. A final, and crucial, addition has been the creation of item-level metadata which allows map collections to become corpora which can for the first time be interrogated en masse as source material. By applying new Computer Vision methods leveraging machine learning, we outline a research pipeline for working with thousands (rather than a handful) of maps at once, which enables new forms of historical inquiry based on spatial analysis. Our ‘patchwork method’ draws on the longstanding desire to adopt an overall or ‘complete’ view of a territory, and in so doing highlights certain parallels between the situation faced by today’s users of digitized maps, and a similar inflexion point faced by their predecessors in the nineteenth century, as the project to map the nation approached a form of completion.
Optimizing glyphosate tolerance in rapeseed by CRISPR/Cas9-based geminiviral donor DNA replicon system with Csy4-based single-guide RNA processing
Authors: Wang Zhuanrong , Wan Lili , Xin Qiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Song Yixian , Wang Pengfei , Hong Dengfeng , Fan Zhixiong , Yang Guangsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop worldwide, and effective weed control can protect its yield and quality. Farmers can benefit from cultivars tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate. Amino acid substitutions in enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) render the plant less sensitive to glyphosate. Therefore, we aimed to optimize the glyphosate tolerance trait in rapeseed via endogenous EPSPS modification. To achieve effective gene replacement in B. napus L., we employed a CRISPR/Cas9 system expressing single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) cleaved by the CRISPR-associated RNA endoribonuclease Csy4 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for targeted induction of double-strand breaks. Both the donor template and a geminiviral replicon harbouring an sgRNA expression cassette were introduced into plant cells. Using sgRNAs targeting adjacent donor DNA template containing synonymous mutations in sgRNA sites, we achieved precise gene replacements in the endogenous B. napus EPSPS gene, BnaC04EPSPS, resulting in amino acid substitutions at frequencies up to 20%. Rapeseed seedlings harbouring these substitutions were glyphosate-tolerant. Furthermore, modifications in BnaC04EPSPS were precisely transmitted to the next generation. Our genome editing strategy enables highly efficient gene targeting and the induction of glyphosate tolerance in oilseed rape.
Anaphylaxis After the Covid-19 Vaccine in a Patient With Cholinergic Urticaria
Authors: Park Hyun J , Montgomery Jay R , Boggs Nathan A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cholinergic urticaria is a common disorder that has been associated with anaphylaxis. We report the events, workup, and eventual second dose vaccination of a patient at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, who had immediate anaphylaxis after administration of the first Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 (BNT162b2) vaccine dose. During the initial evaluation after anaphylaxis, the patient described a history of symptoms suspicious for cholinergic urticaria but had never had this condition confirmed with standardized testing. After the episode of anaphylaxis, we performed several studies including immediate hypersensitivity skin testing, which did not demonstrate vaccine or component sensitization. We then performed an exercise provocation challenge and confirmed the diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria. These results, combined with the patient history, suggested that the episode of anaphylaxis was most likely driven by a severe flare of cholinergic urticaria. After obtaining the patient’s consent, she received and tolerated her second dose without any objective findings of anaphylaxis. We conclude that patients with mast cell disorders or anaphylaxis after their first Covid-19 immunization will benefit from referral to an allergist since receipt of their second Covid-19 immunization may be possible.
Parameters of the type-IIP supernova SN 2012aw
Authors: Nikiforova A A , Baklanov P V , Blinnikov S I , Blinov D A , Grishina T S , Troitskaya Yu V , Morozova D A , Kopatskaya E N , Larionova E G , Troitsky I S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results the photometric observations of the Type IIP supernova SN 2012aw obtained for the time interval from 7 to 371 d after the explosion. Using the previously published values of the photospheric velocities, we have computed the hydrodynamic model which simultaneously reproduced the photometry observations and velocity measurements. We found the parameters of the pre-supernova: radius R = 500 R⊙, nickel mass M(56Ni$)\, \sim 0.06\, \rm M_\odot$, pre-supernova mass 25 M⊙, mass of ejected envelope 23.6 M⊙, explosion energy E ∼ 2 × 1051 erg. The model progenitor mass M = 25 M⊙ significantly exceeds the upper limit mass M = 17 M⊙, obtained from analysis the pre-SNe observations. This result confirms once more that the ’Red Supergiant Problem’ must be resolved by stellar evolution and supernova explosion theories in interaction with observations.
Spinal Cord Diffuse Midline Gliomas With H3 K27m-Mutant: Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis
Authors: Wang Yong-Zhi , Zhang Yao-Wu , Liu Wei-Hao , Chai Rui-Chao , Cao Ren , Wang Bo , An Song-Yuan , Jiang Wen-Ju , Xu Yu-Lun , Yang Jun , Jia Wen-Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
“Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant” (DMG) mainly arises within the pontine, thalamic, and spinal cord regions. Because of the rarity of spinal cord gliomas, the general knowledge surrounding DMGs is mainly based on pontine and thalamic gliomas, whereas tumor location tends to influence the clinicopathological features and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinicopathological characteristics and molecular profiles of DMGs located in the spinal cord.

METHODS
The clinical and molecular pathologic features and prognosis were comprehensively analyzed in a series of 44 patients with spinal cord DMGs.

RESULTS
The median age was 36 yr, and 88.7% of patients (39/44) were adults (≥18 yr). Histopathologically, malignant grades included grade II (16 cases), grade III (20 cases), and grade IV (8 cases). Compared with patients with histological grade IV, patients with lower histological grade (grade II/III) were older (37 vs 24 yr, P = .020) and were associated with longer overall survival (24.1 vs 8.6 mo, P = .007). All 30 tested tumors were isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type, and 96% of cases (22/23) presented with unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that histological grade and presurgery McCormick Scale scores were independent prognostic factors for overall survival, whereas extensive surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy were not significantly associated with improved survival. The most frequent anatomic locations were the cervical enlargement (C4-T1, n = 16) and conus medullaris (T12-L1, n = 13), which exhibited distinctive clinical characteristics and molecular features.

CONCLUSION
The findings provide guidelines for the evidence-based practice of the specialized management of spinal cord DMGs.
Transmitting Passione
Authors: Pini Sarah , Sutton John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work addresses the case of the Ballet National de Marseille (BNM) and the 2017 recreation of the piece Passione, created by the artistic directors Emio Greco and Pieter C. Scholten. This study, informed by a phenomenological approach, adopts ethnographic methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and one researcher’s direct involvement with the practices of enculturation and enskillment in this dance form. It investigates how the dancers of the BNM articulate their diverse forms of agency in relation to the choreographer’s artistic vision and demands. By looking at the specific case of the BNM staging of Passione, we can isolate some significant features of contemporary ballet’s trajectory as an emergent dance genre on the edge between innovation and tradition.
Transnational Corporate Governance: The State of the Art and Twenty-First-Century Challenges
Authors: Katelouzou Dionysia , Zumbansen Peer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores corporate governance as a transnational regulatory field. Mirroring the rise in importance of the idea of shareholder wealth maximization as a firm’s definitive performance measure, corporate governance became a hotly contested field of competing visions of firms’ institutional and normative infrastructure in search of creating the most advantageous conditions to attract capital in volatile markets. This shift occurred at the same time that regulatory transformations in Western postindustrial societies since the early 1980s had begun to significantly shift public service provision and state-organized frameworks for old-age security guarantees and access to health services. Today’s corporate governance laboratory is a transnational force field, fought over by a host of different state and nonstate actors and also by private actors such as institutional investors. Meanwhile, following the financial crises in 2001, 2008 and 2020 and the simultaneously growing pressure on corporations from human rights, gender equality, and environmental groups, the corporate governance debate again is shifting. This time, a diversity of issues are being discussed under the corporate governance rubric, indicating a more comprehensive engagement with the firm’s purpose and functions and its societal obligations and responsibilities. Given the crucial role of firms as the residual claimants of a wide-ranging retreat of the state from its role in guaranteeing and providing a wide range of social functions, corporate governance is a mirror for the transformation of public and private power, and it has to address the twenty-first-century challenges, including global value chains and the proliferation of institutional investors, unfolding on a planetary scale.
Development of microwave cavities for measurement of muonium hyperfine structure at J-PARC
Authors: Tanaka K S , Iwasaki M , Kamigaito O , Kanda S , Kawamura N , Matsuda Y , Mibe T , Nishimura S , Saito N , Sakamoto N , Seo S , Shimomura K , Strasser P , Suda K , Tanaka T , Torii H A , Toyoda A , Ueno Y , Yoshida M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The MuSEUM collaboration is planning measurements of the ground-state hyperfine structure (HFS) of muonium at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility. The high-intensity beam that will soon be available, the H-line, allows for more precise measurements by one order of magnitude. We plan to conduct two staged measurements. First, we will measure the Mu-HFS in a near-zero magnetic field, and thereafter we will measure it in a strong magnetic field. We have developed two microwave cavities for this purpose. Furthermore, we evaluated the systematic uncertainties from such a fluctuation of microwave fields and confirmed the requirements for the microwave system; we use a microwave field distribution calculated with the finite element method.
War Commemoration and Nationalism in Belgium, 1914–1945: The Role of Military Networks
Authors: Acosta Laura , Braun Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
War commemoration either solidifies or undermines the nation. Studying the evolution of Belgian nationalism during and between the two World Wars, the authors argue that the impact of war commemoration on nationalism is conditional on the military networks in which warfare was embedded. The authors rely on commemorative books and archival records to create a unique database of World War I military networks and commemoration as well as nationalist resistance and anti-nationalist collaboration during World War II. Aligned with the main hypothesis, autoregressive network models reveal that if military networks crosscut the regional communities and fostered equal relationships, commemoration was likely to strengthen the defense of the nation. In the absence of these relationships, however, commemoration activated internal fault lines that undermined nationalism. These findings highlight how collective rituals, military organization, and social structure should be studied simultaneously to fully understand the relational dynamics of warfare and nation. This article also calls attention to a distinct set of mechanisms through which organizational and ideational effects produced by one war can carry on to the next.
Different circadian rest–active rhythms in Kleine-Levin syndrome: a prospective and case–control study
Authors: Lin Chen , Chin Wei-Chih , Huang Yu-Shu , Chu Kuo-Chung , Paiva Teresa , Chen Chia-Chi , Guilleminault Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare recurrent hypersomnia. Our study aimed at monitoring the movements of patients with KLS using actigraphy and evaluating their circadian rhythm.

Methods
Twenty young patients with KLS and 14 age-matched controls were recruited. Each individual wore an actigraphy for more than 6 months to monitor at least two attacks. Controls kept wearing the device for at least 7 days. The activity counts were averaged in hourly basis and the day-to-night amplitude was quantified by the differences of the averaged activity counts during daytime and nighttime. The hourly activities of different days were aligned and averaged to construct the circadian profile. Parametric and nonparametric estimation of circadian rhythm was calculated. We applied detrended fluctuation analysis to evaluate the temporal correlations beneath the activity fluctuations at multiple time scales.

Results
Circadian rhythm in asymptomatic period showed no significant difference compared to the controls. During hypersomnia attack, the amplitude of the circadian rest–active rhythms drastically decreased and decreased interdaily stability (IS) was found, as well as significant decreased M10 and short-time fractal correlation (α1). Drastically decreased mean and standard deviation of activity were noted, compared to the pre-attack phase and recovery phase. α1 and M10 increased during the late attack phase, and overcompensated IS was noted in the recovery phase.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that circadian rest–active rhythms was affected when KLS hypersomnia attack. Several parameters including M10, IS, and α1 may be physiological markers of KLS, which can help to predict the end of hypersomnia episodes.
A challenge to the utility and distinctiveness of the good man theory of equity
Authors: Mackley Annie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article provides a critical analysis of the ‘good man’ theory of equity which suggests that equity requires defendants to act as good men by performing primary obligations rather than providing compensation for breach. It examines the practical consequences of applying the theory in the contexts of disgorgement of bribes obtained in breach of fiduciary duty and equitable compensation for breach of trust. It also critically analyses the theory’s foundations through the lenses of legal taxonomy and legal history and philosophy and makes the case for the theory’s abolition.
Feasibility and usefulness of tele-follow-up in the patients with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Pandey Prakash C , Shukla Ruchi , Misra Usha K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis and these patients need close follow-up because of a high frequency of complications. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and lockdown resulted in an interruption in physical follow-up. In this situation, tele-follow-up may be helpful. We report the feasibility and usefulness of a telephonic follow-up in patients with TBM.

Methods
Patients with TBM managed by us from January 2017 to March 2020 were included from the TBM registry. Their presenting symptoms, and clinical and investigation findings were noted. We contacted these patients telephonically and their clinical status was obtained using a questionnaire. Based on the telephonic information, outcomes were categorized as death, poor or good. Patients with the new medical problems were advised as to relevant investigations and the reports were obtained through WhatsApp for prescribing treatment.

Results
The telephone numbers of 103 of 144 (71.5%) patients were viable. Twenty-seven (26.2%) patients died, 15 (19.7%) had a poor outcome and 61 (80.2%) had a good outcome. Twenty-five (32.9%) patients had new medical problems: 18 TBM related and 7 TBM unrelated. The medical problems of 23 patients could be managed telephonically and only 3 (4%) patients needed a physical visit. Sixty-five (85.5%) patients happily answered the questionnaire and willing responders needed a treatment modification more frequently than the reluctant responders (p=0.008). Patients on active antitubercular treatment needed treatment modification more frequently (80% vs 21.3%).

Conclusions
Tele-follow-up is feasible in 96% of TBM patients and is beneficial, cost effective and overcomes the barrier of distance.
Socrates Online: Creating a Sense of Community
Authors: Jill Dewald Robin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
If Socrates taught online, he would enhance learning using questioning, guided inquiry, and problem- and discovery-based learning. He would focus energy on building a sense of community, engaging students with analogies, metaphors, storytelling, and sharing of personal and professional experiences. This article provides nurse educators with examples of the application of the Socratic method to enhance learning and build a sense of belonging to a learning community in online education.
Assessment of Structural Competency in Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Del Gallo Elle J. , Lam Christina K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Structural competency describes the ability to recognize structural factors that affect health disparities, such as inequity and stigma. These structural factors can alter a patient’s symptoms and risk for certain diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe baccalaureate nursing students’ attributions of the effects of structural factors on health. Participants in this study attributed structural factors as being relevant to adverse health outcomes. Findings demonstrated differences in attribution of structural factors by academic level. Given the shifting demographics in the United States and gaps in health care access, further research is needed on the development of structural competence in nursing students.
Patients with psychiatric disease: implications for anesthesiologists
Authors: Guthrie David B. , Richman Deborah C. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Psychiatric illness is common in patients presenting for surgery. Overall health and surgical outcomes are adversely affected by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities.

Recent findings
As new treatment modalities become available, their perioperative implications need to be evaluated. These implications include drug–drug interactions, hemodynamic effects, bleeding risk, and factors affecting perioperative exacerbation of the underlying psychiatric illness.

Summary
From our review of the recent literature we continue to support the continuation of psychoactive agents in the perioperative period, taking into consideration the effects these agents have on concomitant drug use in the perioperative period; and the risks of withholding them at a high-stress time.
Perioperative risk assessment – focus on functional capacity
Authors: Hanley Ciara , Wijeysundera Duminda N. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
This review examines how functional capacity informs preoperative risk stratification, as well as strengths and limitations of options for estimating functional capacity.

Recent findings
Functional capacity (or cardiopulmonary fitness) overlaps with other important characteristics, including muscular strength, balance, and frailty. Poor functional capacity is associated with postoperative morbidity, especially noncardiovascular complications. Both patient interviews and exercise tests are used to assess functional capacity. The usual approach of an unstructured patient interview does not predict outcomes. Structured interviews that incorporate validated questionnaires (Duke Activity Status Index) or standardized questions about physical activity (ability to climb stairs) do predict moderate-or-severe complications and cardiovascular complications. Among exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has shown the most consistent association with risks of complications. Other tests (6-min walk test, incremental shuttle walk test, stair climbing) might predict complications, but still require further high-quality evaluation.

Summary
A straightforward way to better assess functional capacity is a structured interview with validated questionnaires or standardized questions about physical activities. Functional capacity can also be assessed by exercise tests, with the strongest evidence supporting CPET. Although some simpler exercise tests have shown promise, more research remains needed to better define their role in preoperative evaluation.