bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITGA2, LAMB3, and LAMC2 may be the potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Islam Shajedul , Kitagawa Takao , Baron Byron , Abiko Yoshihiro , Chiba Itsuo , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer with an abysmal prognosis rate over the last few decades. Early diagnosis and prevention could effectively combat this malignancy. Therefore, it is crucial to discover potential biomarkers to identify asymptomatic premalignant or early malignant tumors of PDAC. Gene expression analysis is a powerful technique to identify candidate biomarkers involved in disease progression. In the present study, five independent gene expression datasets, including 321 PDAC tissues and 208 adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples, were subjected to statistical and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in PDAC tissues compared to non-cancerous tissue samples. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, and focal adhesion signaling. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and the hub genes were evaluated. Collagen type XII alpha 1 chain (COL12A1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), laminin subunit beta 3 (LAMB3), laminin subunit gamma 2 (LAMC2), thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), and versican (VCAN) were identified as hub genes. The correlation analysis revealed that identified hub genes were significantly interconnected. Wherein COL12A1, FN1, ITGA2, LAMB3, LAMC2, and THBS2 were significantly associated with PDAC pathological stages. The Kaplan–Meier survival plots revealed that ITGA2, LAMB3, and LAMC2 expression were inversely correlated with a prolonged patient survival period. Furthermore, the Human Protein Atlas database was used to validate the expression and cellular origins of hub genes encoded proteins. The protein expression of hub genes was higher in pancreatic cancer tissue than in normal pancreatic tissue samples, wherein ITGA2, LAMB3, and LAMC2 were exclusively expressed in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cell-specific expression of these three proteins may play pleiotropic roles in cancer progression. Our results collectively suggest that ITGA2, LAMB3, and LAMC2 could provide deep insights into pancreatic carcinogenesis molecular mechanisms and provide attractive therapeutic targets.
Compact solid-state optical phased array beam scanners based on polymeric photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Kim Sung-Moon , Lee Eun-Su , Chun Kwon-Wook , Jin Jinung , Oh Min-Cheol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptical phased array (OPA) devices are being actively investigated to develop compact solid-state beam scanners, which are essential in fields such as LiDAR, free-space optical links, biophotonics, etc. Based on the unique nature of perfluorinated polymers, we propose a polymer waveguide OPA with the advantages of low driving power and high optical throughput. Unlike silicon photonic OPAs, the polymer OPAs enable sustainable phase distribution control during beam scanning, which reduces the burden of beamforming. Moreover, by incorporating a tunable wavelength laser comprising a polymer waveguide Bragg reflector, two-dimensional beam scanning is demonstrated, which facilitates the development of laser-integrated polymeric OPA beam scanners.
The etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in infants
Authors: Stegeman Raymond , Paauw Nina D. , de Graaf Rosalie , van Loon Rosa L. E. , Termote Jacqueline U. M. , Breur Johannes M. P. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the variety of etiologies currently identified in infants with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and investigate whether there is a relation with hyperinsulinism, echocardiographic characteristics and prognosis. This retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2005 and 2018 with CH measured by echocardiography [interventricular septum (IVS) and/or left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness with Z-score ≥ 2.0]. Children with congenital heart disease or hypertension were excluded. Underlying diagnosis, echocardiographic and follow-up data were extracted from patient files. Seventy-one infants with CH were included. An underlying cause of CH was identified in two-thirds (n = 47). Most common etiologies of CH were malformation syndromes (n = 23, including Noonan n = 12) and maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13). Less common causes were congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3), metabolic- (n = 5), sarcomeric- (n = 2) and neuromuscular disease (n = 1). In half of the identified causes (n = 22) an association with hyperinsulinism was described, including maternal diabetes mellitus (n = 13), malformation syndromes with insulin resistance (n = 6) and congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 3). CH associated with hyperinsulinism was echocardiographically characterized by lower LVPW thickness, higher IVS:LVPW ratio and more frequent sole involvement of the IVS (all, p ≤ 0.02). CH associated with hyperinsulinism normalized more often (41 vs. 0%) with lower mortality rates (14 vs. 44%) compared to CH not associated with hyperinsulinism (all, p ≤ 0.03). Nowadays, an etiology of CH can be identified in the majority of infants. The development of CH is often associated with hyperinsulinism which is mainly characterized by focal hypertrophy of the IVS on echocardiography. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and is more favorable in CH associated with hyperinsulinism.
Multivalent nanoparticle-based vaccines protect hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 after a single immunization
Authors: Chiba Shiho , Frey Steven J. , Halfmann Peter J. , Kuroda Makoto , Maemura Tadashi , Yang Jie E. , Wright Elizabeth R. , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Kane Ravi S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc as worldwide SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and death rates climb unabated. Effective vaccines remain the most promising approach to counter SARS-CoV-2. Yet, while promising results are emerging from COVID-19 vaccine trials, the need for multiple doses and the challenges associated with the widespread distribution and administration of vaccines remain concerns. Here, we engineered the coat protein of the MS2 bacteriophage and generated nanoparticles displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The use of these nanoparticles as vaccines generated high neutralizing antibody titers and protected Syrian hamsters from a challenge with SARS-CoV-2 after a single immunization with no infectious virus detected in the lungs. This nanoparticle-based vaccine platform thus provides protection after a single immunization and may be broadly applicable for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 and future pathogens with pandemic potential.
Development of a modified cross-over hop test to reduce measurement errors in return-to-competition testing
Authors: Lambert Christophe , Lambert Maxime , Ellermann Andree , Wafaisade Arasch , Buse Christian , Peters Nicholas , Centner Christoph , Klinspon Erich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Context Hop tests play an important role in the rehabilitation process after injuries. A comparison of the jumping distances of both extremities allows for an evaluation of the injured limb. In the conventional cross-over hop test for distance, the jump width (medial vs. lateral) that the athlete has to cross during the jump is not standardised and therefore highly variable. This affects the absolute jump length in each jump series.
Hypothesis Modifying the test may reduce the jump length variance between test series of an athlete as well as the test-dependent variations in the cross-over hop for distance.
Methods N = 47 athletes from the German and French national Judo youth teams were included in the study (age: 15.3 years ± 13–17). A modified version of the cross-over hop for distance was developed with a cross-over width of 50 cm and a fixed landing zone of 10 cm. The jump lengths of the conventional test and the modified test were documented. The change in jump length variations of the two sexes were compared.
Results The mean value of the coefficient of variation decreased significantly from 4.09 % to 2.83 % (p < 0.01) due to the test modification. This resulted in an absolute improvement in accuracy of 1.26 % and a relative improvement of 30.8 %. A comparison of the limb symmetry index between the conventional and the modified cross-over hop for distance revealed no significant differences.
Conclusion The modified cross-over hop for distance showed a significantly lower variation in jump lengths compared with the conventional cross-over hop for distance. As a result, more accurate statements can be made regarding the patient’s return-to-competition progress.
Ganganalyse und Belastungssohlen – ein Update
Authors: Paraskevaidis Melissa , Gehlen Tobias , Popovic Srdan , Tsitsilonis Serafeim 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer menschliche Gang als Methode der Fortbewegung ist eines der individuellsten
Charakteristika eines jeden Menschen. Die ersten Durchführungen einer
Ganganalyse waren visuell und wurden durch den jeweiligen Arzt durchgeführt, um
frühzeitig klinische Entscheidungen bei Gangdysfunktionen treffen zu können. Mit
der Entwicklung neuer Technologien und der Verwendung von kinetischen
Belastungsplatten sowie der Kombination mit der elektromyografischen
Untersuchung kam es zu rapiden Fortschritten bei der Analyse des menschlichen
Ganges. Der Gangzyklus wird aufgeteilt in eine Stand- und eine Schwungphase, die
jeweils 60 – 65% bzw. 35 – 40% des Gangzyklus ausmachen. Diese 2 Phasen werden
in weitere Untereinheiten aufgegliedert. Es erfolgen Messungen bezüglich der
temporalen Aspekte wie z. B. Geschwindigkeit, Zeit-Distanz-Parameter sowie der
räumlichen Parameter, z. B. Schrittlänge des Ganges. Die Anwendung neuester
Methoden wie z. B. die 3-D-Analyse des Gangzyklus in Kombination mit der
Elektromyografie und der Anwendung von Kraftmessplatten spielen bei
orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Patienten eine bedeutende Rolle. Die
Limitierung dieser Messungen durch die Ortsgebundenheit und die mangelnde
Flexibilität der Platten wird durch die Verwendung von Laufbändern mit
integrierten Druck- und Kraftmessplatten überwunden. Neueste Entwicklungen
moderner Belastungssohlen erleichtern durch die alltägliche Praktikabilität die
Anwendung der Ganganalyse bei Alltagsaktivitäten. In Kombination mit der
WLAN-Technik erschließen sich durch die schnelle Datenübertragung neue
zukunftsweisende Anwendungsfelder. Die benutzerfreundliche Anwendung der
Belastungssohlen wird zukünftig im Hochleistungssport, in der
Prothesenanpassung, der Planung von Amputationen, bei der Evaluierung
neuropädiatrischer Erkrankungen und sogar der forensischen Medizin breite
Anwendung finden.
Evidence-Based Examination Techniques for the Knee
Authors: Meder Adrian , Stefanescu Maria-Christina , Ateschrang Atesch , Froehlich Susanne , Obertacke Udo , Schulz Arndt Peter , Meyerhoff Hauke S. , Oswald Eva J. , Ruesseler Miriam , Sterz Jasmina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Digitalisation now almost covers all areas of medical student teaching. Teaching videos are a good way to help students learn practical skills. The existing evidence is a recognised aid for the classification of the respective technology.
Method This video presents the usual examination techniques of the knee joint on a patient with an unstable knee. The respective techniques, if available, were backed up with the appropriate evidence.
Conclusion The examination techniques presented allow students to view the examination techniques in a standardised manner on a patient. The evidence for the examination techniques can help with the classification of the respective technique.
HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations
Authors: Youssef Joyce , Sadera Rohan , Mital Dushyant , Ahmed Mohamed H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have profound impact on the function of the pituitary gland. We have performed an electronic literature search using the following database: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These databases were searched using the keywords HIV, pituitary glands, cancer, pituitary apoplexy, and infertility. HIV can cause hypopituitarism and also can lead to diabetes insipidus. The impact can be slow and insidious, and diagnosis depends on high index of clinical suspicion. The effect on anterior pituitary gland can be associated with growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, premature menopause, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. HIV can cause pituitary apoplexy, and this should be treated as an endocrine emergency. Importantly, HIV can be associated with pituitary lymphoma and pituitary cancer. Therefore, joined management between HIV physicians, clinical biochemists and endocrinologists may help in establishing pituitary dysfunction.
Rotational Thromboelastometry Derivative Fibrinogen–Platelet Ratio Predicts Thrombosis in Microsurgery
Authors: Patel Harsh , Srinivasa Dhivya R. , Volod Oksana , Wang Eric D. , Kim Esther A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Early detection of thrombotic events is of paramount importance for microsurgical procedures. Here, we present findings that underscore the value of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to aid in decision-making for pre- and postoperative anticoagulation, as well for patients with suspected hypercoagulability.
Methods We prospectively collected pre- and postoperative ROTEM values on all free flap cases at the University of California, San Francisco, from 2015 to 2016. Patient age, body mass index, comorbidities, operative reports, risk factors, thrombotic complications, and outcomes were collected from electronic medical records. Two-sample t-tests were used to compare ROTEM values between cohorts. Modeling for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was done for threshold fibrinogen-to-platelet ratio (FPR).
Results Of 52 patients who underwent free-tissue transfer, 15 had a thrombotic event either intraoperatively or postoperatively that required revision of the vascular anastomosis. Eight patients were clinically hypercoagulable preoperatively, seven of which had a thrombotic event. Several pre- and postoperative ROTEM values differed significantly between thrombotic and nonthrombotic cases. Preoperative (p = 0.027) and postoperative (p = 0.013) FPR were statistically significant when comparing the thrombotic to the nonthrombotic cohort. Threshold FPR ≥ 30 was the most sensitive and FPR ≥ 40 was the most specific.
Conclusion Our study affirms other studies that established ROTEM as an effective predictive tool for thrombotic events during free-tissue transfer. However, a lower threshold for FPR improves catchment of thrombotic events and flap failure with acceptable sensitivity. Our results support the routine use of ROTEM for detecting hypercoagulability in patients who would potentially benefit from intervention to prevent thrombotic complications.
Maxillomandibular Vascular Malformations: Report of Four Cases
Authors: Nagarajan Krishnan , Amuthabarathi Mohan , Krishnan Balasubramanian , Sabarish Sekar , Saravanan Rajendiran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaxillomandibular or dental arcade arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon lesions with potential for life-threatening bleeding. We report three cases of vascular malformations and a case of pyogenic granuloma and propose a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based workup of these lesions for definitive treatment. Four cases of orodental bleeding were diagnosed based on CT angiography (CTA) and treated using endovascular means. Three of them were subsequently operated and confirmed by histopathology. Two were low-flow AVMs, the third one a case of pyogenic granuloma, and one high-flow AVM. The first three lesions were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles and subsequently operated and the fourth high-flow one embolized using liquid embolic agent n-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glue). CTA can be used to show separate lesions of arterial vascularity and those of delayed/ venous enhancing lesions. Arterial phase-enhancing lesions are again subdivided in digital subtraction angiography into those of low-to-moderate vascularity and those with high flow, which are treated using particle embolization and liquid glue/onyx (± coil) embolization, respectively. The delayed venous phase enhancing lesions may mimic neoplasms and after tissue biopsy may be managed by sclerotherapy.
The struggle between the power of language and the language of power
Authors: Roslyng Mette Marie , Larsen Gorm 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study we look at how pro- and anti-vaccination groups construct alternative knowledge and facts
discursively and linguistically in order to challenge or support the established scientific knowledge on vaccines. Through this
case study we wish to examine how the power of language interacts with a language of power when memes in creative ways mimic,
produce and reproduce scientific language and practices. Drawing on a dialogical-semiotic and a discourse theoretical analytical
strategy, we, first, adopt Austin’s speech act theory and Bakhtin’s concept of speech genres to argue that memes are performative
with an especially illocutionary force and are made up of alien language from scientific discourses. Second, we argue that
Laclau’s discursive approach to how political positions are articulated in an antagonistic terrain allows us to see vaccination
memes as either subversive or supportive of a scientific social imaginary.
Drop jump neuromuscular performance qualities associated with maximal horizontal deceleration ability in team sport athletes
Authors: Harper Damian J. , Cohen Daniel D. , Rhodes David , Carling Christopher , Kiely John 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate associations between, and within, drop jump (DJ) neuromuscular performance (NMP) qualities and maximal horizontal deceleration ability. We also compared DJ NMP qualities in “high” versus “low” horizontal deceleration ability athletes. Twenty‐nine university athletes performed: (1) DJs on force plates from 20 (DJ20) and 40 cm (DJ40) heights and (2) maximal horizontal deceleration, measured using radar, following a 20 m acceleration. Maximal horizontal deceleration was evaluated using deceleration (HDEC; m·s−2), across the entire deceleration phase and during early and late deceleration sub‐phases. Of the DJ variables assessed, DJ20 and DJ40 reactive strength index (RSI) and concentric mean force had the largest correlations with HDEC (r = −0.54 to −0.61) and the largest differences between high and low HDEC groups (d = 1.20 to 1.40). These correlations were stronger with the early than late HDEC sub‐phase (r = −0.54 to −0.66 vs. r = −0.24 to −0.40). Notably, eccentric mean force in DJ40 had large correlations with both DJ20 and DJ40 concentric mean force (r = 0.67 to 0.77), whereas at DJ20 these correlations were small (r = 0.22 to 0.40). Similarly, DJ40 eccentric mean force had a much larger difference between the high and low HDEC groups than DJ20 (d = 1.11 vs. 0.51). These findings suggest DJ RSI from either height may be used as a proxy for HDEC ability, while DJ kinetic analyses should use a higher height to distinguish those with a better capacity to generate eccentric braking forces under increased eccentric loading demands.

HIGHLIGHTS
Players with greater drop jump reactive strength index (RSI) demonstrated superior horizontal deceleration ability.
Drop jump RSI had a greater association with the early compared to the late horizontal deceleration sub‐phase.
Of the drop jump kinetic variables examined, concentric mean force had the largest associations with horizontal deceleration ability.
Carbon accounting system: the bridge between carbon governance and carbon performance in Malaysian Companies
Authors: Ong Tze San , Kasbun Nur Fatin Binti , Teh Boon Heng , Muhammad Haslinah , Javeed Sohail Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction:Research has shown the negative impacts of climate change on the economy and how the state of the environment has been a complex global challenge. Prior studies have suggested immediate actions to avoid any unforeseen circumstances for all living things on Earth. Previous research has also supported all kinds of sustainability efforts as resolutions to address the deterioration of climate change caused by business activities. Originality: There is a need for companies to start acting and assigning employees to mitigate carbon emitted by corporations. This study is motivated by the lack of empirical evidence that examines how corporate carbon governance influences better carbon performance of organizations and authorizes organizations to implement and embed carbon accounting. Objective: This study used evidence from Malaysia to explore this subject matter and examined the association between carbon governance and carbon performance of corporations. The research also investigated the mediation effect of carbon accounting with respect to carbon governance and carbon performance. Findings: It is revealed that carbon governance had no significant influence on an organization’s carbon performance although carbon accounting implementation positively influenced carbon performance. The findings imply that despite its insignificance, carbon accounting remains a vital matter to be deployed by organizations for better carbon emission mitigation.
‘Forced to think’—an analysis of how students benefit from online warm-up exercises with feedback
Authors: Kulmala Kimmo , Kokkonen Tommi , Kontro Inkeri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Active learning yields better learning outcomes than traditional, lecture-based teaching. Common approaches in large lecture courses are activating elements during the lectures and warm-up activities using online learning environments. However, implementing warm-up exercises, on which students work on by themselves makes formative feedback increasingly important. We have studied students’ views on warm-up online exercises, focusing on the role of automated feedback. We compared two types of feedback: feedback which guided the student towards the correct answer and feedback that guided the student towards the correct reading materials. We have also examined the correlation between students’ views on the exercises and learning outcomes, as measured by exercise and exam points. The exercises were administered with a Moodle-based system focusing on teaching and assessment using a computer-based algebra kernel. The study was conducted during the first introductory mechanics course in physics at the University of Helsinki. We concluded that the preferred type of feedback was dependent on the student, i.e. different students prefer different kinds of feedback. Importantly, the students who completed the exercises alone reported benefiting more from them, which shows that the warm-up exercises successfully extended support for students outside of classroom hours.