bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of testosterone treatment on clitoral haemodynamics in women with sexual dysfunction
Authors: Cipriani S. , Maseroli E. , Di Stasi V. , Scavello I. , Todisco T. , Rastrelli G. , Fambrini M. , Sorbi F. , Petraglia F. , Jannini E. A. , Maggi M. , Vignozzi L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the effects of 6-month systemic testosterone (T) administration on clitoral color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) parameters in women with female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Methods
81 women with FSD were retrospectively recruited. Data on CDU parameters at baseline and after 6 months with four different treatments were available and thus further longitudinally analyzed: local non-hormonal moisturizers (NH group), n = 37; transdermal 2% T gel 300 mcg/day (T group), n = 23; local estrogens (E group), n = 12; combined therapy (T + E group), n = 9. Patients underwent physical, laboratory, and genital CDU examinations at both visits and completed different validated questionnaires, including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Results
At 6-month visit, T therapy significantly increased clitoral artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) when compared to both NH (p < 0.0001) and E (p < 0.0001) groups. A similar increase was found in the T + E group (p = 0.039 vs. E). In addition, T treatment was associated with significantly higher FSFI desire, pain, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and total scores at 6-month visit vs. baseline. Similar findings were observed in the T + E group. No significant differences in the variations of total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels were found among the four groups. No adverse events were observed.

Conclusion
In women complaining for FSD, systemic T administration, either alone or combined with local estrogens, was associated with a positive effect on clitoral blood flow and a clinical improvement in sexual function, showing a good safety profile.

Trial registration number
NCT04336891; date of registration: April 7, 2020.
Time-Programmed Delivery of Sorafenib and Anti-CD47 Antibody via a Double-Layer-Gel Matrix for Postsurgical Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Liping , Zhang Yiyi , Li Yanan , Meng Fanling , Li Hongyu , Zhang Huimin , Tu Jiasheng , Sun Chunmeng , Luo Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe highly immunosuppressive microenvironment after surgery has a crucial impact on the recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer patients. Programmable delivery of immunotherapy-involving combinations through a single drug delivery system is highly promising, yet greatly challenging, to reverse postoperative immunosuppression. Here, an injectable hierarchical gel matrix, composed of dual lipid gel (DLG) layers with different soybean phosphatidylcholine/glycerol dioleate mass ratios, was developed to achieve the time-programmed sequential delivery of combined cancer immunotherapy. The outer layer of the DLG matrix was thermally responsive and loaded with sorafenib-adsorbed graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. GO under manually controlled near-infrared irradiation generated mild heat and provoked the release of sorafenib first to reeducate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promote an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. The inner layer, loaded with anti-CD47 antibody (aCD47), could maintain the gel state for a much longer time, enabling the sustained release of aCD47 afterward to block the CD47-signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) pathway for a long-term antitumor effect. In vivo studies on 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated that the DLG-based strategy efficiently prevented tumor recurrence and metastasis by locally reversing the immunosuppression and synergistically blocking the CD47-dependent immune escape, thereby boosting the systemic immune responses.
Contours of a ‘Post-Critical’ Cartography—A Contribution to the Dissemination of Sociological Cartographic Research
Authors: Kühne Olaf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract Since the 1980s, ‘critical cartography’ has been developing. Its merits lie in its awareness of the socially constructed nature of cartographic representations, the power relations involved, and the process-bound nature of cartographic practices. The ‘post-critical’ cartography proposed here takes up these merits but does so without following the categorical rejection of positivist ‘traditional’ cartography or the moral demarcation of what can and cannot be represented as well as the subordination of theories to the ‘critical’ paradigm. Instead, the ‘post-critical’ approach relies on the struggle for suitable theoretical frameworks—the normative reference horizon within the endeavor of cartography is the enhancement of life chances. In this respect, the prefix ‘post’ refers not only to a temporal ‘after’, but also to the perpetuation of central concerns of ‘critical’ cartography, simultaneously freeing it from such limitations.
Validation of the German Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) Questionnaire in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Gabes Michaela , Stute Petra , Apfelbacher Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) questionnaire is a validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) capturing the impacts of vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Aim
We aimed to psychometrically validate the German version of the DIVA questionnaire.

Methods
Data was collected online and by paper-pencil. We ran confirmatory factor analyses to confirm the a priori four-factor structure of the DIVA. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Correlations with other outcome measures such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the SF-12 SOEP (socio-economic panel) version and self-created anchor questions were calculated regarding convergent validity. Known groups regarding age, home country and disease severity were analyzed. Test-retest reliability after 1 week and responsiveness after 4 weeks were only descriptively assessed due to low sample sizes.

Main Outcome Measures
The DIVA questionnaire, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS II), the PHQ-4 and the SF-12 SOEP version were the main outcome measures.

Results
185 postmenopausal women reporting vaginal complaints participated in the survey. The mode of administration did not influence the severity of vaginal symptoms. The four-factor structure of the DIVA could be confirmed and the model fit indicated sufficient structural validity. Furthermore, strong internal consistency in all of the DIVA domains was found. Regarding convergent validity, no hypothesis has failed completely. The results regarding known-groups validity were mostly in line with our a priori hypotheses. Descriptive evidence for sufficient test-retest reliability and responsiveness was given, however, the sample size for the assessment of those two measurement properties was low.

Conclusion
This study supports the excellent structural validity, internal consistency and construct validity of the German version of the DIVA questionnaire. It can be recommended for the assessment of the impacts of vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women in future clinical GSM trials.
Gabes M, Stute P, Apfelbacher C. Validation of the German Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) Questionnaire in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women. Sex Med 2021;9:100382
Sectional Distribution Patterns of Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the North Pacific Ocean: Relationships to Nutrients and Importance of Scavenging
Authors: Zheng Linjie , Minami Tomoharu , Takano Shotaro , Ho Tung‐Yuan , Sohrin Yoshiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe North Pacific Ocean is located at the end of the thermohaline circulation of deep water. This study reports on basin‐scale full‐depth sectional distributions of total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu along three transects: the GEOTRACES transects GP18 (165°E) and GP02 (47°N), and along 160°W. We find that scavenging is an important factor that significantly affects the distributions of dZn, dNi, and dCu, of which the magnitude of influence increases in the order of Cd < Ni, Zn < Cu. The relationships between the four dissolved metals with Si(OH)4 and PO4 differed considerably from those in other oceans. The spot concentration ratio of dCd/PO4 was 0.34 ± 0.02 nmol/μmol (n = 296) in waters >800 m deep, which is in the range of the phytoplankton Cd/P ratio. This is indicative of the dominant effect of water circulation and biological processes on dCd distribution. The dissolved metals (dMs) to PO4 ratios of other examined metals were either partially or completely outside the range of typical biomass ratios. They generally increased with depth in waters >800 m deep; the magnitude of increase was the highest for Cu and moderate for Ni and Zn. Below 800 m, an increase in the apparent oxygen utilization from 150 to 300 μmol/kg was concurrent with a decrease in the dMs/PO4 ratios: 4 ± 3% for Cd, 21 ± 4% for Zn, 21 ± 3% for Ni, and 69 ± 7% for Cu.
Giant Seafloor Depressions Caused by Slope Failures and Bottom Currents on the Namibia Continental Margin
Authors: Wenau S. , Spiess V. , Zabel M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMore than 100 circular, elongate or crescent‐shaped very large seafloor depressions were found on the southern Namibian continental margin in water depths between 900 and 1700 m. These depressions show extraordinary sizes of up to 3 km diameter and 180 m depth. Multichannel seismic and bathymetric data show the influence of bottom currents on their morphology through prograding infills on the upcurrent and erosion on the downcurrent flanks, thus creating a crescent morphology in the largest depressions. Although their seafloor morphology resembles pockmarks related to seafloor fluid seepage, no indications for an active fluid flow system were observed in the area. Some depressions show extensive underlying cut‐and‐fill sequences that could be traced down to slope failure structures and deposits at depth. A correlation to ODP drill site 1085 indicates a continuous development of seafloor depressions for ∼10 Ma, documented by successive stages of infilling, erosion and size variations. Analysis of the seismic reflection data suggests that these depressions formed through the interaction of bottom currents with existing seafloor morphology. The equilibrium seafloor of the continental margin was initially disturbed by mass‐wasting events, common occurrences in the region. Subsequently, ongoing sedimentation in their vicinity was affected by ocean bottom currents, leading to the preservation and constant re‐shaping of seafloor depressions until recent times. This study thus highlights the ability of continental slope sedimentation under bottom‐current influence to produce unique seafloor features over long geological time scales.
Changes in the Magnetic Field Topology and the Dayside/Nightside Reconnection Rates in Response to a Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Front: A Case Study
Authors: Boudouridis A. , Connor H. K. , Lummerzheim D. , Ridley A. J. , Zesta E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most significant observations associated with a sharp enhancement in solar wind dynamic pressure, , is the poleward expansion of the auroral oval and the closing of the polar cap. The polar cap shrinking over a wide range of magnetic local times (MLTs), in connection with an observed increase in ionospheric convection and the transpolar potential, led to the conclusion that the nightside reconnection rate is significantly enhanced after a pressure front impact. However, this enhanced tail reconnection has never been directly measured. We demonstrate the effect of a solar wind dynamic pressure front on the polar cap closure, and for the first time, measure the enhanced reconnection rate in the magnetotail, for a case occurring during southward background Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) conditions. We use Polar Ultra‐Violet Imager (UVI) measurements to detect the location of the open‐closed field line boundary, and combine them with Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) potentials to calculate the ionospheric electric field along the polar cap boundary, and thus evaluate the variation of the dayside/nightside reconnection rates. We find a strong response of the polar cap boundary at all available MLTs, exhibiting a significant reduction of the open flux content. We also observe an immediate response of the dayside reconnection rate, plus a phased response, delayed by ∼15–20 min, of the nightside reconnection rate. Finally, we provide comparison of the observations with the results of the Open Geospace General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM), elucidating significant agreements and disagreements.
Opposite Symmetry in the Lithospheric Structure of the Alboran and Algerian Basins and Their Margins (Western Mediterranean): Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Fernàndez Manel , Vergés Jaume , Torne Montserrat , Jiménez‐Munt Ivone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean for the past 35 My is a matter of debate. Present‐day structure and composition of the lithosphere and sublithospheric mantle may help in constraining the geodynamic evolution of the region. We use an integrated geophysical‐petrological modeling to derive and compare the present‐day thermal, density and compositional structure of the lithosphere and sublithospheric mantle along two NNW‐SSE oriented transects crossing the back‐arc Alboran and Algerian basins, from onshore Iberia to the northern Africa margin. The crust is constrained using available seismic data and geological cross‐sections, whereas seismic tomography and mantle xenoliths constrain the upper mantle structure and composition. Results show a thick crust (37 and 30 km) and a relative deep LAB (130 and 150 km) underneath the HP/LT metamorphic units of the Internal Betics and Greater Kabylies, respectively, which contrast with the 16 km thick magmatic crust of the Alboran Basin and the 10 km thick oceanic crust of the Algerian Basin. The sharp change in lithosphere thickness, from the orogenic wedge to the back‐arc basins, contrasts with the gentler lithosphere thickening toward the respective opposed margins. Our results confirm the presence of detached slabs ∼400 °C colder than upper mantle and a fertile composition than the continental lithospheric mantle beneath the External Betics and Saharan Atlas. Presence of detached quasi‐vertical sublithospheric slabs dipping toward the SSE in the Betics and toward the NNW in the Kabylies and the opposed symmetric lithospheric structure support an opposite dipping subduction and retreat of two adjacent segments of the Jurassic Ligurian‐Tethys realm.
Asymmetric Backward Peaking Radiation Pattern From a Relativistic Particle Accelerated by Lightning Leader Tip Electric Field
Authors: Yücemöz Mert , Füllekrug Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTerrestrial Gamma ray Flashes exhibit slopes of ionizing radiation associated with bremsstrahlung. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum of radiation from radio waves to ionizing radiation. The Poynting vector of the emitted radiation, that is, the radiation pattern around a single particle under the external lightning electric field during interaction with other particles or atoms, is not quite well known. The overall radiation pattern arises from the combination of radiation of parallel and perpendicular motions of a particle caused by the acceleration from the lightning electric field and the bremsstrahlung. The calculations and displays of radiation patterns are generally limited to a low‐frequency approximation for radio waves and separate parallel and perpendicular motions. Here, we report the radiation patterns of combined parallel and perpendicular motions from accelerated relativistic particles at low and high frequencies of the bremsstrahlung process with an external lightning electric field. The primary outcome is that radiation patterns have four relative maxima with two forward peaking and two backward peaking lobes. The asymmetry of the radiation pattern, that is, the different intensities of forward and backward peaking lobes, are caused by the Doppler effect. A novel outcome is that bremsstrahlung has an asymmetry of the four maxima around the velocity vector caused by the curvature of the particle's trajectory as it emits radiation. This mathematical modeling helps to better understand the physical processes of a single particle's radiation pattern, which might assist the interpretation of observations with networks of radio receivers and arrays of γ‐ray detectors.
Magnetotelluric Sampling and Geoelectric Hazard Estimation: Are National‐Scale Surveys Sufficient?
Authors: Murphy Benjamin S. , Lucas Greg M. , Love Jeffrey J. , Kelbert Anna , Bedrosian Paul A. , Rigler E. Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt present, the most reliable information for inferring storm‐time ground electric fields along electrical transmission lines comes from coarsely sampled, national‐scale magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, such as that provided by the EarthScope USArray program. An underlying assumption in the use of such data is that they adequately sample the spatial heterogeneity of the surface relationship between geomagnetic and geoelectric fields. Here, we assess the degree to which the density of MT data sampling affects geoelectric hazard assessments. For electrical transmission networks in each of four focus regions across the contiguous United States, we perform two parallel band‐limited (101–103 s) hazard analyses: one using only USArray‐style (∼70‐km station spacing) MT data, and one incorporating denser (≪70‐km station spacing) MT data. We find that the use of USArray‐style MT sampling alone provides a useful first‐order estimate of integrated geoelectric fields along electrical transmission lines. However, we also find that the use of higher density MT data can in some areas lead to order‐of‐magnitude differences in line‐averaged electric field estimates at the level of individual transmission lines and can also yield significant differences in subregional hazard patterns. As we demonstrate using variogram plots, these differences reflect short‐spatial‐scale variability in Earth conductivity, which in turn reflects regional lithotectonic structure and history. We also provide a cautionary example in the use of electrical conductivity models to predict dense MT data; although valuable for hazard applications, models may only be able to reproduce surface geoelectric fields as captured by the MT data from which they were derived.
Economics of Optimal Reservoir Capacity Determination, Sediment Management, and Dam Decommissioning
Authors: Niu Yuan , Shah Farhed A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe lifetime net economic contribution of a dam that is subject to sedimentation is likely to depend on the storage capacity of its reservoir, how fast the capacity is lost to sedimentation, and the cost of ultimate decommissioning of the dam. A model is developed for determining the size of initial reservoir capacity of a dam to maximize lifetime net benefits, while allowing for the possibility of sediment management to extend its useful life, and accounting for dam decommissioning costs incurred when this life ends. The model is applied to a proposed hydropower dam. Baseline results are compared with those obtained from building the dam at its designed reservoir capacity. Sensitivity analysis with respect to key economic and technical parameters is also carried out to characterize differences in solutions to the cases with and without sediment management. The overall goal is to improve our understanding of optimal dam sizing under different circumstances.
Polarimetric Portraits
Authors: Raney R. Keith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Fully polarimetric” in its original radio science usage denotes a receiving instrument's ability to measure the four‐parameter Stokes vector characterizing the polarimetric properties of an electro‐magnetic (EM) field. In contrast, radar remote sensing specialists use “fully polarimetric” to apply exclusively to radars that evaluate the four complex scattering matrix elements. To disambiguate, polarimetric portrait is suggested, defined to be the Stokes vector of an unbiased EM field. For a passive system, this new name applies without qualification to the four Stokes parameters seen through a passive dual‐channel receiver. For an active system, the scene's illumination must have equal weighting between any two orthogonal polarizations to generate a polarimetrically unbiased reflected EM field. The suggested terminology is applicable to a variety of disciplines, including radiometry, alternative polarimetric radar architectures, radar astronomy, weather radar, and GPS/GNSS reflectometry. Polarimetric portraits obtained by dual‐polarized and quadrature‐polarized radars are shown to be equal.
Evolution of Mid‐latitude Density Irregularities and Scintillation in North America During the 7–8 September 2017 Storm
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Mrak S. , Semeter J. L. , Coster A. J. , Jayachandran P. T. , Groves K. M. , Knudsen D. J. , Nishitani N. , Ruohoniemi J. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing the University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO) Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver network in North America, we present 2‐D distributions of GPS radio signal scintillation in the mid‐latitude ionosphere during the 7–8 September 2017 storm. The mid‐latitude ionosphere showed a variety of density structures such as the storm enhanced density (SED) base and plume, main trough, secondary plume, and secondary trough during the storm main and early recovery phases. Enhanced phase and amplitude scintillation indices were observed at the density gradients of those structures. SuperDARN radar echoes were also enhanced at the density gradients. The collocation of the scintillation and HF radar echoes indicates that density irregularities developed across a wide range of wavelengths (tens of meters to tens of kilometers) in the mid‐latitude density structures. The density gradients and irregularities were also detected by Swarm and DMSP as in‐situ density structures that disturbed the GPS signals. The irregularities were a substantial fraction (∼10%–50%) of the background density. The density irregularity had a power law spectrum with slope of ∼ −1.8, suggesting that gradient drift instability (GDI) contributed to turbulence formation. Both high‐latitude and low‐latitude processes likely contributed to forming the mid‐latitude density structures, and the mid‐latitude scintillation occurred at the interface of high‐latitude and low‐latitude forcing.