bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and grade group progression in localized prostate cancer: An active surveillance cohort
Authors: Gregg Justin R. , Zhang Xiaotao , Chapin Brian F. , Ward John F. , Kim Jeri , Davis John W. , Daniel Carrie R. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet (MD) may be beneficial for men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance (AS) because of its anti‐inflammatory, antilipidemic, and chemopreventive properties. This study prospectively investigated adherence to the MD with Gleason score progression and explored associations by diabetes status, statin use, and other factors.MethodsMen with newly diagnosed PCa on an AS protocol (n = 410) completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire, and the MD score was calculated across 9 energy‐adjusted food groups. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to evaluate multivariable‐adjusted associations of the MD score with progression‐free survival; progression was defined as an increase in the Gleason grade group (GG) score over a biennial monitoring regimen.ResultsIn this cohort, 15% of the men were diabetic, 44% of the men used statins, and 76 men progressed (median follow‐up, 36 months). After adjustments for clinical factors, higher adherence to the MD was associated with a lower risk of GG progression among all men (hazard ratio [HR] per 1‐unit increase in MD score, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77‐1.01), non‐White men (HR per 1‐unit increase in MD score, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45‐0.92;Pfor interaction = .07), and men without diabetes (HR per 1‐unit increase in MD score, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71‐0.96;Pfor interaction = .03). When joint effects of the MD score and statin use were examined, a similar risk reduction was observed among men with high MD scores who did not use statins in comparison with men with low/moderate MD scores with no statin use.ConclusionsThe MD is associated with a lower risk of GG progression in men on AS, and this is consistent with prior reports about the MD and reduced cancer morbidity and mortality.
Traditional colour theory: A review
Authors: O'Connor Zena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColour theories abound in the literature and occur across diverse fields including art, design, physics, psychology, phenomenology, linguistics, and digital technology. Theoretical discourse and output in each of these fields tend to be characterized by differing ontological perspectives and epistemological traditions which in turn, have led to some confusion and misunderstanding when comparing diverse colour theories. Traditional colour theory is just one of these diverse theories of colour and it is one that has attracted debate and criticism despite a relative lack of a clarity about this branch of colour theory. This article aims to address this gap in the literature and provide a definition of traditional colour theory. The ontological focus and epistemological traditions, gleaned from key colour theorists whose works underpin this branch of colour theory, are discussed as well as the conceptual colour models and constructs common in traditional colour theory. Constructs common in this branch of colour theory include those that focus on colour classification and those that focus on relationships between colour classifications, the latter representing colour application guidelines that are frequently employed as colour strategies in applied design and architecture. The practical nature of this branch of colour theory is examined with reference to the way in which colour was examined and explored, and the colour classification constructs as well as colour relationship constructs that have segued into a vocabulary that has become a useful lingua franca among design and architecture professionals
Assessing engagement levels in a non‐face‐to‐face learning environment through facial expression analysis
Authors: Kim Pyoung Won 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a method for analyzing the level of student engagement in a non‐face‐to‐face learning situation by processing facial expressions. In previous studies, the level of learning engagement was determined through biosignals, such as galvanic skin response feedback. The method proposed in this study assesses engagement levels in an individual education situation by processing emotions revealed through a student's facial expressions in real time. The emotional state revealed through facial expressions can be a useful indicator for assessing the level of immersion in learning. The algorithm proposed in this study is effective because teachers can teach while simultaneously monitoring students' engagement.
CO Oxidation on Planar Au/TiO2 Model Catalysts under Realistic Conditions: A Combined Kinetic and IR Study
Authors: Diemant Thomas , Bansmann Joachim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe oxidation of CO on planar Au/TiO2 model catalysts was investigated under pressure and temperature conditions similar to those for experiments with more realistic Au/TiO2 powder catalysts. The effects of a change of temperature, pressure, and gold coverage on the CO oxidation activity were studied. Additionally, the reasons for the deactivation of the catalysts were examined in long‐term experiments. From kinetic measurements, the activation energy and the reaction order for the CO oxidation reaction were derived and a close correspondence with results of powder catalysts was found, although the overall turnover frequency (TOF) measured in our experiments was around one order of magnitude lower compared to results of powder catalysts under similar conditions. Furthermore, long‐term experiments at 80 °C showed a decrease of the activity of the model catalysts after some hours. Simultaneous in‐situ IR experiments revealed a decrease of the signal intensity of the CO vibration band, while the tendency for the build‐up of side products (e. g. carbonates, carboxylates) of the CO oxidation reaction on the surface of the planar model catalysts was rather low.
Effects of Al2(SO4)3 and K2SiO3 Impurities on the Crystallization of K2SO4 from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Luo Mengjie , Liu Chenglin , Song Xingfu , Yu Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe results of an investigation of the effect of Al2(SO4)3 and K2SiO3 impurities on the crystallization of K2SO4 from aqueous solutions are described and discussed. The metastable zone width (MSZW) of K2SO4 aqueous solutions, without and with known concentrations of the impurities, saturated at 40 and 60 °C is determined, using ultrasonic sensor by the controlled solution cooling method at predefined cooling rates R. It is observed that the value of the MSZW of the two types of saturated solutions increases with an increase in the cooling rate R and the concentration Ci of the two impurities. The experimental data of the dependence of MSZW on cooling rate and impurity concentration are analyzed by an approach based on the classical 3D nucleation theory. The results showed that: 1) both impurities suppress the formation of 3D nuclei by physically blocking the active sites on their surfaces, 2) Al2(SO4)3 impurity is more effective than K2SiO3 impurity, and 3) the purity of the K2SO4 crystals is insignificantly affected by these impurities, but the morphology and size of the obtained crystals are influenced strongly by Al2(SO4)3 impurity.
Comments on the Paper: “Synthesis, Growth and Optical, Mechanical, Electrical and Surface Properties of an Inorganic New Nonlinear Optical Crystal: Sodium Cadmium Tetra Chloride (SCTC)”
Authors: Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors of the title paper (Cryst. Res. Technol. 2018, 53, 1700271) report to have grown a new nonlinear optical sodium cadmium tetra chloride (SCTC) single crystal by slow evaporation from an aqueous solution. A critical analysis of the title paper proves that the so‐called SCTC crystal is an improperly characterized material. Taking the title crystal as an example, it is suggested that submission of CIF file to a database be made an essential prerequisite for journal publication of new compounds.
Bone regeneration of a polymeric sponge technique—Alloplastic bone substitute materials compared with a commercial synthetic bone material (MBCP+TM technology): A histomorphometric study in porcine skull
Authors: Intapibool Punyada , Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Nampuksa Katanchalee , Thongkorn Kriangkrai , Khongkhunthian Pathawee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolymeric sponge technique is recommended for developing the desired porosity of Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) which may favor bone regeneration.PurposeTo investigate the healing of BCP with ratio of HA30/β‐TCP70 (HA30) and HA70/β‐TCP30 (HA70) polymeric sponge preparation, compare to commercial BCP (MBCP+TM).Materials and MethodsMaterials were tested X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In eight male pigs, six calvarial defects were created in each subject. The defects were the filled with 1 cc of autogenous bone, MBCP+TM (MBCP), HA30, HA70, and left empty (negative group). The new bone formations, residual material particles and bone‐to‐graft contacts were analyzed at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks.ResultsFabricated BCP showed well‐distributed porosity. At 16 weeks, new bone formations were 45.26% (autogenous), 33.52% (MBCP), 24.34% (HA30), 19.43% (HA70) and 3.37% (negative). Residual material particles were 1.88% (autogenous), 17.58% (MBCP), 26.74% (HA30) and 37.03% (HA70). These values were not significant differences (Bonferroni correction <0.005). Bone‐to‐graft contacts were 73.68% (MBCP), which was significantly higher than 41.68% (HA30) and 14.32% (HA70; Bonferroni correction <0.017).ConclusionsPolymeric sponge technique offers well‐distributed porosity. The new bone formation and residual material particles were comparable to MBCP+TM, but the bone‐to‐graft contact was lower than MBCP+TM.
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Co3O4 Electrocatalyst for Efficient, Selective, and Stable Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Changlong , Bongard Hans‐Josef , Yu Mingquan , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of biomass substrates to valuable bio‐chemicals is highly attractive. However, the design of efficient, selective, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here it is reported how a 3D highly ordered mesoporous Co3O4/nickel foam (om‐Co3O4/NF) electrode fulfils those criteria in the electrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to value‐added 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Full conversion of HMF and an FDCA yield of >99.8 % are achieved with a faradaic efficiency close to 100 % at a potential of 1.457 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Such activity and selectivity to FDCA are attributed to the fast electron transfer, high electrochemical surface area, and reduced charge transfer resistance. More impressively, remarkable catalyst stability under long‐term testing is obtained with 17 catalytic cycles. This work highlights the rational design of metal oxides with ordered meso‐structures for electrochemical biomass conversion.
Coupling CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots with Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Jin , Wang Ji‐Chong , Hu Xin , Bai Yu , Zhong Xinhua , Li Zhengquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemical fuels is an appealing approach to address energy crisis and global warming. CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) are good candidates for CO2 reduction because of their excellent photoelectric properties, including high molar extinction coefficient, low exciton binding energy, and defect tolerance. However, the pristine CsPbBr3 QDs generally have low photocatalytic performance mainly due to dominant charge recombination and lack of efficient catalytic sites for CO2 adsorption/activation. Herein, we report a new photocatalytic system, in which CsPbBr3 QDs are coupled with covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction. In this hybrid photocatalytic system, the robust triazine rings and periodical pore structures of CTFs promote the charge separation in CsPbBr3 and endow them with strong CO2 adsorption/activation capacity. The resulting photocatalytic system exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction. This work presents a new photocatalytic system based on CTFs and perovskite QDs for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction, which highlights the potential of perovskite‐based photocatalysts for solar fuel applications.
Heart rate kinetics during standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing in heart transplant recipients: a longitudinal study
Authors: Schumacher Oliver , Trachsel Lukas D. , Herzig David , Mohacsi Paul , Sigurdardottir Vilborg , Wilhelm Matthias , Eser Prisca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsHeart transplantation (HTx) results in complete autonomic denervation of the donor heart, causing resting tachycardia and abnormal heart rate (HR) responses to exercise. We determined the time course of suggestive cardiac reinnervation post HTx and investigated its clinical significance.Methods and resultsHeart rate kinetics during standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing at 2.5–5 years after HTx was assessed in 58 patients. According to their HR increase 30 s after exercise onset, HTx recipients were classified as denervated (slow responders: <5 beats per minute [b.p.m.]) or potentially reinnervated (fast responders: ≥5 b.p.m.). Additionally, in 30 patients, longitudinal changes of maximal oxygen consumption and HR kinetics were assessed during the first 15 post‐operative years. At 2.5–5 years post HTx, 38% of our study population was potentially reinnervated. Fast responders were significantly younger (41 ± 15 years) than slow responders (53 ± 13 years, P = 0.003) but did not differ with regard to donor age, immunosuppressive regime, cardiovascular risk factors, endomyocardial biopsy, or vasculopathy parameters. While HR reserve (56 ± 20 vs. 39 ± 15 b.p.m., P = 0.002) and HR recovery after 60 s (15 ± 11 vs. 5 ± 6 b.p.m., P < 0.001) were greater in fast responders, resting HR, peak HR of predicted, and peak oxygen consumption of predicted were comparable.ConclusionsSigns of reinnervation occurred mainly in younger patients. Maximal oxygen consumption was independent of HR kinetics.
Dirhodium(II,II) Paddlewheel Complexes
Authors: Hrdina Radim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis minireview summarizes synthetic approaches towards homoleptic dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes with the general formula Rh2A4. These complexes have found numerous applications in a wide range of chemical research and industry as catalysts, detectors, enzymatic inhibitors or building blocks for molecular scaffolds. In organic synthesis they are commonly used to transfer electron‐deficient species, they act as Lewis acids to activate unsaturated bonds, serve as hydrogenation catalysts and participate in oxidation/reduction processes. Dirhodium paddlewheel complexes are composed of the Rh‐Rh backbone and four bridging anions, which surround the core. According to the application, the electrochemical potential of the Rh atom can be modulated, as can the geometry and physical and chemical properties of the metal complex. Dirhodium complexes can be prepared in one step from basic inorganic precursors or by post‐functionalization of the paddlewheel structures.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of α‐(Hydroxymethyl)cycloalkanols
Authors: Nassar Youssef , Piva Olivier 
Published: January 2021

Abstractα‐(Hydroxymethyl)cycloalkanols are pervasive structural scaffolds found in natural products and synthetic intermediates with varied biochemical and physicochemical properties. These profiles have driven numerous research groups to the synthesis of such motifs using innovative methodologies. The presence of vicinal diols attached to a cycloalkane makes from these motifs excellent synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of diverse ring systems. This investigation takes an overview of the literature for the occurrence and synthesis of α‐(hydroxymethyl)cycloalkanol derivatives, concentrating on advances in the last two decades.
Synthesis of Natural Compounds Based on the [3,7]‐Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (Bispidine) Core
Authors: Sacchetti Alessandro , Rossetti Arianna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe [3,7]‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) structure is found in several interesting naturally occurring alkaloids. The most representative components are the tetracyclic alkaloid (−)‐sparteine and the tricyclic (−)‐cytisine alkaloids. Their biological activities have been known for a long time. In the literature, different syntheses of both tetracyclic and tricyclic structures have been reported, especially in the last few years, when a number of new reports renewed the interest in these fascinating molecules. Bicyclic bispidine derivatives have been thoroughly investigated in recent times also for their applications as catalysts, metal chelating agents, and lately in coordination polymers chemistry. In this review, we describe the most relevant strategies for the synthesis of molecules based on the [3,7]‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core, related to (−)‐sparteine and (−)‐cytisine alkaloids.
Traditional vegetable preservation technologies practiced in Acholi subregion of Uganda improves mineral bioavailability but impacts negatively on the contribution of vegetables to household needs for micronutrients
Authors: Bighaghire Raymond , Okidi Lawrence , Muggaga Christopher , Ongeng Duncan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe impact of traditional African preservation methods on the contribution of vegetables to household micronutrient needs (Recommended Dietary Allowance: RDA) has largely remained unquantified. Using Acholi subregion of Uganda as a case area, this study examined using the predominant vegetables consumed in fresh and preserved forms (cowpeas—Vigna unguicullata, okra/lady fingers—Abelmoschus esculentus, Malakwang—Hibscus cannabinus, and eggplants—Solanum melongena), the effect of major traditional vegetable preservation methods (sun drying, boiling and sun drying, and salting and sun drying) on the contents of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus), the levels of antinutritional factors (total polyphenols, oxalate, tannins, and phytate), bioavailability of iron and zinc, and the contribution of vegetables to the cumulative annual household RDA for micronutrients. Laboratory analysis showed that all the preservation methods, except the sun drying method reduced the contents of micronutrients by 20%–82% (p ≤ .05). The contents of antinutritional factors reduced by 1%–80% while in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc increased by 21%–296% (p ≤ .05). Nutritional computation revealed that except for calcium, the preservation methods combined, reduced the contribution of the vegetables to cumulative annual RDA for other micronutrients by 28%–60%. These results demonstrate that improvements in bioavailability of essential nutrients (iron and zinc) by traditional preservation methods investigated are associated with significant loss of micronutrients which culminates in significant reduction in the contribution of cultivated vegetables to household RDA for micronutrients. Traditional African preservation methods should be optimized for nutrient retention.
In vitro bioavailability‐based assessment of the contribution of wild fruits and vegetables to household dietary iron requirements among rural households in a developing country setting: The case of Acholi Subregion of Uganda
Authors: Tuyizere Jean Damascene , Okidi Lawrence , Elolu Samuel , Ongeng Duncan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWild fruits and vegetables (WFV) are believed to contain substantial quantities of micronutrients and are commonly consumed in rural areas of developing countries endowed with natural vegetation. Previous studies that provided evidence on the contribution of WFV to household micronutrient intake in a developing country setting did not consider the effect of antinutritional factors. Therefore, applying the in vitro bioavailability assessment technique and using the Acholi subregion of Uganda a case area, this study examined the contribution of commonly consumed WFV to the pooled annual household dietary requirement for iron. Laboratory analysis showed that the concentration of antinutrients varied with plant species but the pool was dominated by phytate (10.5–150 mg/100 g) and phenolic substances (38.6–41.7 mg GAE/g). In vitro iron bioavailability varied with plant species was quantitatively higher from vegetables than fruits by 27% although total concentration of the micronutrient was higher in fruits than vegetables by 142%. Nutritional computation, taking into account, household composition, and physiological status revealed that consumption of WFV resulted in a median contribution of 1.8% (a minimum of 0.02 and a maximum of 34.7%) to the pooled annual household dietary iron requirements on the basis of bioavailable iron fraction. These results demonstrate that WFV contributes meagerly to household iron needs but may serve other dietary and non‐nutrient health purposes.
Physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of wheat germ extract microencapsulated with spray and freeze drying
Authors: Jamdar Fahimeh , Ali Mortazavi Seyed , Reza Saiedi Asl Mohammad , Sharifi Akram 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWheat germ is produced as a by‐product during wheat milling operations and is a relatively inexpensive protein source that, in spite of its exclusive nutritional properties, is mostly used for animal feed formulation and has limited use in the food industry. In this study, wheat germ extract (WGE) was microencapsulated by spray and freeze drying and with different ratios of maltodextrin to whey protein concentrate (M‐W) as the coating material and then physicochemical properties of the microcapsules were evaluated. Results showed decreased moisture content and increased solubility, lipase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and both lipase and acid phosphatase microencapsulation efficiency with increasing M‐W ratios in both drying methods. The M‐W ratios had no significant effects on the DPPH free radical scavenging activity in both methods. With increasing M‐W ratios, particle size decreased and bulk density increased in the spray drying method, while particle size increased and bulk density decreased in the freeze drying method. Spray drying elevated solubility, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, lipase activity, acid phosphatase activity, and both lipase and acid phosphatase microencapsulation efficiency, in comparison with the freeze drying method.