bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct methylome patterns contribute to ecotypic differentiation in the growth of the storage organ of a flowering plant (sacred lotus)
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Xingyu , Wang Qingfeng , Chen Jinming , Shi Tao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification involved in phenotypic diversity, plant development, and environmental responses. However, the mechanisms of DNA methylation underpinning the adaption of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) ecotypes to high and low latitudes remain unsolved, especially adaptive evolution of their storage organs. Tropical and temperate lotus ecotypes have thin and enlarged rhizomes which are adapted to low and high latitudes, respectively. Here, we investigated the DNA methylomes and transcriptomes of rhizomes of the temperate and tropical lotus to address this issue. Compared with that of the tropical lotus, the DNA of the temperate lotus was significantly more hypermethylated, indicating an increase in global DNA methylation in the lotus, with rhizome enlargement. Meanwhile, genes associated with differentially methylated regions in their promoters tended to be differentially expressed between the two ecotypes. Interestingly, the genes with their expression negatively correlated with methylation levels in their promoters and genomic regions displayed significantly higher transposon coverage, while the genes showing a significant positive correlation between expression and methylation showed lesser transposon coverage. Further, we identified that DNA methylation, especially in the promoter region, was significantly correlated with the expression of many starch‐biosynthetic, gibberellin‐, and brassinosteroid‐signalling genes associated with rhizome differentiation. Overall, our study unveiled that distinct global and local methylation patterns between the two lotus ecotypes contribute to their expression differences and adaptive phenotypic divergence of their storage organs, highlighting the role of DNA methylation in shaping the ecotypic differentiation of lotus.
Trim14 promotes osteoclastogenesis and noncanonical NF‐κB activation by targeting p100/p52 in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lin Xiuya , Sun Yang , Wei Jianming , Wu Jiankun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis disease infection initiates host immune response, and alveolar bone damage is a hallmark of periodontitis. Bone damage occurs due to changes in osteoclast activity in response to local inflammation. Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling is essential for inflammatory responses and plays a pivotal role in osteoclast formation and activation. Tripartite motif 14 (Trim14) is a crucial regulator of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling. Here, we investigated the role of Trim14 in chronic periodontitis.MethodsThe development of immune cells and osteoclast formation was evaluated with flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, and histochemical staining. Proinflammatory cytokines were checked by ELISA and qRT‐PCR. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Also, the cemento‐enamel junction–alveolar bone crest distance was evaluated in the mouse model.ResultsDevelopment of innate and adaptive cells was not impaired from the deletion of Trim14. However, the genetic loss of Trim14 remarkably suppressed RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis, without affecting TLR‐induced proinflammatory cytokines except for Il‐23a expression. The Trim14 deletion also suppressed the activation of noncanonical NF‐κB signaling by targeting p100/p52. Importantly, the deletion of NIK diminished the effects of Trim14 on the inflammatory responses in vivo on chronic periodontitis responses.ConclusionTRIM14 may be a positive regulator to promote osteoclastogenesis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion.
Satisfaction measures in pediatric anesthesia and perioperative care
Authors: Chua Graham C. C. , Cyna Allan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatient satisfaction is routinely used to assess the quality of care in medicine. In the field of anesthesia, research has been primarily directed toward developing satisfaction measures in adults with little attention paid to the pediatric population. Satisfaction in pediatric anesthesia and perioperative care is poorly understood. We have identified existing satisfaction measures in pediatric perioperative care and examined their similarities and differences. A search of relevant published trials up to January 2021 identified 17 studies using 14 unique satisfaction measures of perioperative care in children. Eleven of these assessed satisfaction multidimensionally while three assessed overall satisfaction of parents with their child's anesthesia. Of the six dimensions of satisfaction identified, all were duplicated to some degree across studies. The dimensions were: “staff rapport and communication” and “anesthetic and nursing quality of care” in eight satisfaction measures; “information giving” in seven measures; “postoperative symptom control” in six; “hospital experience” in five; and “involvement in decision‐making” in three. The most important items from the parents' perspective were: “staff rapport and communication;” “information giving;” and “decision‐making”. No study examined all dimensions of satisfaction. Although all studies questioned parents, only three asked satisfaction questions of the child. No study was analyzed the child's direct responses. In three studies, parental involvement in decision‐making was reported to be important as a satisfaction measure of their child's perioperative care. Of the few existing satisfaction measures evaluated, there is no accepted standard in current practice. Future studies identifying the important determinants of satisfaction in pediatric perioperative care, perhaps also using a Delphi approach with parents, might allow for the development of a patient‐focused standardized measure in this setting.
Diurnal transcript profiling of the diatom Seminavis robusta reveals adaptations to a benthic lifestyle
Authors: Bilcke Gust , Osuna‐Cruz Cristina Maria , Santana Silva Marta , Poulsen Nicole , D’hondt Sofie , Bulankova Petra , Vyverman Wim , De Veylder Lieven , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYCoastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23 328) of expressed protein‐coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non‐coding RNAs showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24 h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in highly conserved genes, while diatom‐specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall‐associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12‐h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for the study of diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The bundle sheath of rice is conditioned to play an active role in water transport as well as sulfur assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis
Authors: Hua Lei , Stevenson Sean R. , Reyna‐Llorens Ivan , Xiong Haiyan , Kopriva Stanislav , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryLeaves comprise multiple cell types but our knowledge of the patterns of gene expression that underpin their functional specialization is fragmentary. Our understanding and ability to undertake the rational redesign of these cells is therefore limited. We aimed to identify genes associated with the incompletely understood bundle sheath of C3plants, which represents a key target associated with engineering traits such as C4photosynthesis intoOryza sativa(rice). To better understand the veins, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of rice, we used laser capture microdissection followed by deep sequencing. Gene expression of the mesophyll is conditioned to allow coenzyme metabolism and redox homeostasis, as well as photosynthesis. In contrast, the bundle sheath is specialized in water transport, sulphur assimilation and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Despite the small chloroplast compartment of bundle sheath cells, substantial photosynthesis gene expression was detected. These patterns of gene expression were not associated with the presence or absence of specific transcription factors in each cell type, but were instead associated with gradients in expression across the leaf. Comparative analysis with C3Arabidopsis identified a small gene set preferentially expressed in the bundle sheath cells of both species. This gene set included genes encoding transcription factors from 14 orthogroups and proteins allowing water transport, sulphate assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis. The most parsimonious explanation for our findings is that bundle sheath cells from the last common ancestor of rice and Arabidopsis were specialized in this manner, and as the species diverged these patterns of gene expression have been maintained.
Biochemical and hematologic changes in whole blood from Brazilian horses stored in citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine pouches for up to 28 days
Authors: Dorneles Tagor E. A. , Costa Junior Jair D. , Almeida Ricardo M. , Teixeira Neto Antonio R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaerobic cellular metabolism causes a series of structural and physiologic changes during storage that could compromise post‐transfusion viability, reducing the safety of using blood stored for an extended period.ObjectiveWe aimed to follow the biochemical and hematologic alterations of equine blood stored in plastic bags containing citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine (CPDA‐1) for up to 28 days.MethodsWhole blood samples (450 mL) were collected from 20 Brazilian Saddle horses into CPDA‐1 pouches and stored between 2°C and 6°C in a blood bank. On days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of storage, blood samples were taken and submitted for biochemical (sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], glucose, and lactate) and hematologic (hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [HCT], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], percent hemolysis [% hemolysis]) analyses.ResultsThe only time the blood pH levels dipped below 7 was after D21 of storage, and the levels were significantly lower than those on the first storage day (D0). Potassium concentrations showed significant increases from D7 and then remained increased throughout the experimental period. Chloride and lactate concentrations revealed a significantly increased trend from D7 that was maintained over time. Mean corpuscular volumes increased significantly on D7 and D14 and, thereafter, remained stable. The mean % hemolysis increased on D28, which was significantly higher than D0. No bacterial growth was found in any pouch after 28 days of storage.ConclusionsSignificant and gradual biochemical changes were observed in equine whole blood during prolonged storage. These changes could compromise the clinical conditions of patients requiring transfusion. In vivo studies are needed to evaluate the effects as well as survival rates and efficacy of transfused red blood cells in recipients.
Treatment with chloroquine is retinotoxic in captive African penguins (Speniscus demersus). Attenuation and recovery of electroretinographic responses
Authors: Ross Maya , Avni‐Magen Nili , Pe'er Oren , Berkowitz Asaf , Ofri Ron 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of prophylactic anti‐malarial chloroquine treatment, and its cessation, on electroretinographic (ERG) responses of captive African penguins.MethodsA brief ERG protocol (“QuickRetCheck”) was recorded under mesopic conditions with manual restraint and no sedation or pupil dilation. Birds were recorded on two separate occasions, first while being treated with a daily chloroquine dose of 10 mg/kg for 12 days (n = 15, treatment group) and second after 4 months without chloroquine treatment (n = 6, off‐treatment group). Three birds were recorded on both occasions. Three other birds from the flock that died were studied histopathologically.ResultsScotopic responses were unmeasurable in either recording and therefore were not analyzed. Mean a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes of the mixed rod‐cone responses to standard (3 cd·s/m2) and high (10 cd·s/m2) intensity flashes were higher in the off‐treatment group. No difference in implicit times was observed. Sex, age, and number of previous chloroquine treatments did not affect ERG responses. Histopathology revealedPlasmodiumspp.in the lungs, liver, and brain, but not in the eyes, of the necropsied birds, and there were no signs of retinitis or retinopathy.ConclusionsDaily chloroquine treatment was associated with attenuated ERG responses in penguins, which improve following cessation of treatment. Further work is warranted to establish a chloroquine dose that is efficacious yet has minimal adverse effects. Our results suggest that ERG responses of captive penguins undergoing ERG for any indication (such as prior to cataract surgery), must be evaluated in light of the birds' anti‐malaria treatment status.
Testing the performance of risk prediction models to determine progression to referable diabetic retinopathy in an Irish type 2 diabetes cohort
Authors: Smith John J , Wright David M , Stratton Irene M , Scanlon Peter Henry , Lois Noemi 
Published: April 2021

Background /AimsTo evaluate the performance of existing prediction models to determine risk of progression to referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) using data from a prospective Irish cohort of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsA cohort of 939 people with T2D followed prospectively was used to test the performance of risk prediction models developed in Gloucester, UK, and Iceland. Observed risk of progression to RDR in the Irish cohort was compared with that derived from each of the prediction models evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed models’ performance.ResultsThe cohort was followed for a total of 2929 person years during which 2906 screening episodes occurred. Among 939 individuals followed, there were 40 referrals (4%) for diabetic maculopathy, pre-proliferative DR and proliferative DR. The original Gloucester model, which includes results of two consecutive retinal screenings; a model incorporating, in addition, systemic biomarkers (HbA1c and serum cholesterol); and a model including results of one retinopathy screening, HbA1c, total cholesterol and duration of diabetes, had acceptable discriminatory power (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69, 0.76 and 0.77, respectively). The Icelandic model, which combined retinopathy grading, duration and type of diabetes, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure, performed very similarly (AUC of 0.74).ConclusionIn an Irish cohort of people with T2D, the prediction models tested had an acceptable performance identifying those at risk of progression to RDR. These risk models would be useful in establishing more personalised screening intervals for people with T2D.
Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations
Authors: Shu Mei-Jun , Zhai Fei-Fei , Zhang Ding-Ding , Han Fei , Zhou Lixin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhang Shu-Yang , Cui Li-Ying , Jin Zheng-Yu , Zhu Hui-Juan , Zhu Yi-Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Background and purposeThis study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in a community-based sample.MethodsThis study included 943 participants (aged 55.6±9.2 years, 36.1% male) from the community-based Shunyi cohort study. MetS was defined according to the joint interim criteria and quantified by the MetS severity Z-score. ICAS was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance angiography. The MRI markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), were assessed. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS severity Z-score with ICAS and these CSVD markers.ResultsWe found that risk of ICAS (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.21, p<0.001) increased consistently with MetS severity. MetS severity was significantly associated with higher risks of WMH volume (β=0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.20, p=0.02) and lacunes (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59, p=0.03) but not the presence of CMBs (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.16, p=0.51) and PVS severity (EPVS in basal ganglia: OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09, p=0.51 and EPVS in white matter: OR=1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.23, p=0.21).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that WMH and lacunes share risk factors with atherosclerosis of the cerebral artery, whereas the impact of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder to CMB or EPVS might be weak.
Metastable hypermassive hybrid stars as neutron-star merger remnants
Authors: Hanauske Matthias , Weih Lukas R. , Stöcker Horst , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHypermassive hybrid stars (HMHS) are extreme astrophysical objects that could be produced in the merger of a binary system of compact stars. In contrast to their purely hadronic counterparts, hypermassive neutron stars (HMNS), these highly differentially rotating objects contain deconfined strange quark matter in their slowly rotating inner region. HMHS and HMNS are both mestastable configurations and can survive only shortly after the merger before collapsing to rotating black holes. The appearance of the phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in the interior region of the HMHS and its conjunction with the emitted GW will be addressed in this article by focussing on a specific case study of the delayed phase-transition scenario that takes place during the post-merger evolution of the remnant. The complicated dynamics of the collapse from the HMNS to the more compact HMHS will be analysed in detail. In particular, we will show that the interplay between the spatial density/temperature distributions and the rotational profiles in the interior of the wobbling HMHS after the collapse generates a high-temperature shell within the hadron-quark mixed phase region of the remnant.
In Like a Lamb; Out Like a Lion: Marching CAR T Cells Toward Enhanced Efficacy in B-ALL
Authors: Safarzadeh Kozani Pouya , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria , O'Connor Roddy S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Combining synthetic biology with adoptive T-cell transfer has led to promising advances in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that redirect T-cell specificity against cancer. CARs include “built-in” signaling domains that reprogram T-cell metabolism, enhance effector function, and support long-term persistence. Despite their success in blood-based malignancies, relapse can occur in CD19-redirected CAR T-cell therapies for several reasons, including poor engraftment, impaired in vivo proliferation, and T-cell senescence. Herein, we explain how subtle alterations in CAR design may overcome barriers to effective adoptive immunotherapy. We also discuss how the physiochemical properties of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) affect differentiation and persistence. Moreover, we describe innovative advances in CAR engineering and provide insight into the development of humanized scFvs whose proposed benefits include increased persistence and improved clinical outcomes. Tumor cells can evade CAR T-cell–mediated detection and elimination due to the emergence or presence of CD19-negative leukemic cell subpopulations. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges in targeting other B-ALL–associated antigens. Identifying alternate targets is fundamentally necessary to restore the success of CAR T-cell therapies in CD19-negative patients with B-ALL.
First report of the fleshy mushroom Trichaleurina javanica (Rehm) M. Carbone et al. (Ascomycota: Pezizales: Chorioactidaceae) from southern India
Authors: Kumar Munuswamy , Nithya Sekar , Kayalvizhi Antony Agnes 
Published: April 2021

Trichaleurina javanica was collected from tropical dry evergreen forests, located in the southeastern coastal belt of India. This is the first report of the species from southern India. Trichaleurina javanica is a fleshy and rubbery cup-like mushroom, brownish-grey in colour with a brilliant yellowish-orange disc. The identification is supported using morphological and microscopical characters. It is one of the less known wild edible mushrooms belonging to Ascomycota.
Premature Discontinuation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting in Veterans: Characteristics and Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Kinlay Scott , Quach Lien , Cormack Jean , Morgenstern Natalie , Hou Ying , Young Melissa , Sherrod Rebecca , Cho Kelly , Faxon David P. , Ramadan Ronnie , Gaziano Michael , Gagnon David 
Published: April 2021

Background
Premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention is related to higher short‐term risks of adverse outcomes. Whether these risks persist in the long‐term is uncertain.

Methods and Results
We assessed all patients having percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary second‐ or first‐generation drug‐eluting stents in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system between 2006 and 2012 who were free of major ischemic or bleeding events in the first 12 months. The characteristics of patients who stopped DAPT prematurely (1–9 months duration), compared with >9 to 12 months, or extended duration (>12 months) were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) from multivariable logistic models. The risk of adverse clinical outcomes over a mean 5.1 years in patients who stopped DAPT prematurely was assessed by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs from Cox regression models. A total of 14 239 had second‐generation drug‐eluting stents, and 8583 had first‐generation drug‐eluting stents. Premature discontinuation of DAPT was more likely in Black patients (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.40–1.68), patients with greater frailty (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03–1.05), and patients with higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and less likely in patients on statins (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80–0.95). Patients who stopped DAPT prematurely had higher long‐term risks of death (second‐generation drug‐eluting stents: HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.19–1.56), myocardial infarction (second‐generation drug‐eluting stents: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22–1.74), and repeated coronary revascularization (second‐generation drug‐eluting stents: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08–1.41).

Conclusions
Patients who stop DAPT prematurely have features that reflect greater frailty, poorer medication use, and other social factors. They continue to have higher risks of major adverse outcomes over the long‐term and may require more intensive surveillance many years after percutaneous coronary intervention.