bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialty clinics for adults with Down syndrome: A clinic survey
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Campbell Ashlee , Balasubramanian Archana , Haugen Kelsey , Schafer Kimberly , Mobley William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecialty centers improve care for patients with Down syndrome. The cohort of adults with Down syndrome is increasing, but the capacity for specialty centers to meet their medical care needs is unknown. Electronic survey of staff of specialty clinics for adults with Down syndrome was conducted. Review of online clinic listings, and calculation of the number of adults with Down syndrome were performed. Analysis identified the percent of adults with Down syndrome who could have their medical care needs met in a current specialty clinic. Fourteen specialty clinics report providing care for 4038 adults with Down syndrome. Respondents reported gaps in care including: limitations of existing clinics, need for additional clinics, and knowledgeable health professionals in Down syndrome. Survey‐respondent clinic capacity would meet needs of 3% of adults with Down syndrome. Twenty‐five clinics for adults with Down syndrome were listed online with capacity to care for 6517 adults with Down syndrome meeting the needs of 5% of the population. Additional clinic capacity is needed to meet the needs of adults with Down syndrome. Survey of existing clinics provides guidance to create additional clinics, including: must‐have team members, current sources of clinic financial support, and gaps in current clinical care.
Development of a Novel Three‐step Sonogashira Cross Coupling/Deacetonation/Cycloaddition Protocol for the Synthesis of 4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Using 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as a Versatile Acetylene Surrogate
Authors: da Silva Everton M. , de Albuquerque Danilo Yano , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Schwab Ricardo S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA practical, and efficient microwave‐assisted, three‐step Sonogashira cross‐coupling/Deacetonation/Cycloaddition sequence has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of 4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles from readily available starting materials. The important features of this synthetic sequence include the use of inexpensive 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as an acetylene surrogate, 2‐Me‐THF as a bio‐based solvent, short reaction time, good yields, avoiding the isolation of volatile terminal alkynes.
Selective Functionalization of Norbornadiene Through Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition/Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis Protocols
Authors: Benke Zsanett , Remete Attila M. , Semghouli Anas , Kiss Loránd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work describes a study on the selective functionalization of norbornadiene across nitrile oxide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/ring‐opening (ROM)/cross‐metathesis (CM) protocols. Readily available norbornadiene was transformed into novel bicyclic scaffolds with multiple chiral centers. The described syntheses involved selective cycloadditions followed by ring‐opening metathesis of the resulting cycloalkane‐fused isoxazoline derivatives, and selective cross‐metathesis by chemodiscrimination of the C=C bonds of the resulting alkenylated heterocycles. The cross‐metathesis transformations have been studied under various experimental conditions with the aim of exploring the substrate influence and chemodifferentiation of the olefin bonds providing the corresponding functionalized isoxazoline derivatives.
Responsiveness and convergent validity of the chronic rhinosinusitis patient‐reported outcome (CRS‐PRO) measure in CRS patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Lin Katherine A. , Price Caroline P.E. , Huang Julia H. , Ghadersohi Saied , Cella David , Kern Robert C. , Conley David B. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Welch Kevin C. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe chronic rhinosinusitis patient‐reported outcome (CRS‐PRO) measure is a 12‐item measure with previously demonstrated validity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients receiving medical therapy. This study establishes the factor structure, responsiveness, and convergent validity of the CRS‐PRO following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).MethodsNorthwestern CRS Subject Registry patients had pre‐ESS, 3‐month (n = 111; CRS without nasal polyps [CRSsNP] = 60, CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP] = 51), and 6‐month (n = 86; CRSsNP = 47, CRSwNP = 39) post‐ESS assessments where patients completed the CRS‐PRO, 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), and four Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement (PROM) Information System (PROMIS) short forms (general health measures). Patients had pre‐ESS objective testing (endoscopic and radiographic assessment). Factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation on the baseline CRS‐PRO. The clinically important difference (CID) was estimated using both distribution‐based and anchor‐based methods.ResultsFactor analysis found the CRS‐PRO comprised the “rhino‐psychologic,” “facial discomfort,” and “cough” factors, which were responsive to ESS and correlated with the other PROMs. The changes observed in the CRS‐PRO at 3 months had strong correlation with the corresponding changes in SNOT‐22 (r = 0.792, p < 0.0001) and moderate correlations with changes in PROMIS fatigue and sleep domains. These changes had a very large effect size (Cohen's d 1.44) comparable to the longer SNOT‐22 (Cohen's d 1.41) with slightly larger effect sizes observed in CRSwNP compared to CRSsNP patients. Similar convergent validity and responsiveness were observed in the 6‐month data. The CRS‐PRO CID was estimated to be between 5.0 and 7.5 (midpoint 6.0) using distribution‐based and anchor‐based methods.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the validity and responsiveness of the CRS‐PRO in subjects receiving ESS.
Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related smell dysfunction: an international view
Authors: Huart Caroline , Philpott Carl M. , Altundag Aytug , Fjaeldstad Alexander W. , Frasnelli Johannes , Gane Simon , Hsieh Julien W. , Holbrook Eric H. , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Landis Basile N. , Macchi Alberto , Mueller Christian A. , Negoias Simona , Pinto Jayant M. , Poletti Sophia C. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Rombaux Philippe , Vodicka Jan , Welge‐Lüessen Antje , Whitcroft Katherine L. , Hummel Thomas 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe frequent association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and olfactory dysfunction is creating an unprecedented demand for a treatment of the olfactory loss. Systemic corticosteroids have been considered as a therapeutic option. However, based on current literature, we call for caution using these treatments in early COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction because: (1) evidence supporting their usefulness is weak; (2) the rate of spontaneous recovery of COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction is high; and (3) corticosteroids have well‐known potential adverse effects. We encourage randomized placebo‐controlled trials investigating the efficacy of systemic steroids in this indication and strongly emphasize to initially consider smell training, which is supported by a robust evidence base and has no known side effects.
Tailoring a Dynamic Metal–Polymer Interaction to Improve Catalyst Selectivity and Longevity in Hydrogenation
Authors: Hyun Kyunglim , Park Younghwan , Lee Songhyun , Lee Jueun , Choi Yeonwoo , Shin Seung‐Jae , Kim Hyungjun , Choi Minkee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractControlling metal–support interactions is important for tuning the catalytic properties of supported metal catalysts. Here, premade Pd particles are supported on stable polymers containing different ligating functionalities to control the metal–polymer interactions and their catalytic properties in industrially relevant acetylene partial hydrogenation. The polymers containing strongly ligating groups (e.g., Ar‐SH and Ar‐S‐Ar) can form a polymer overlayer on the Pd surface, which enables selective acetylene adsorption and partial hydrogenation to ethylene without deactivation. In contrast, polymers with weakly ligating groups (e.g., Ar‐O‐Ar) do not form an overlayer, resulting in non‐selective hydrogenation and fast deactivation, similar to Pd catalysts on conventional inorganic supports. The results imply that tuning the metal–polymer interactions via rational polymer design can provide an efficient way of synthesizing selective and stable catalysts for hydrogenation.
Mechanochemische Freisetzung nichtkovalent gebundener Gäste aus einem mit Polymerketten dekorierten supramolekularen Käfig
Authors: Küng Robin , Pausch Tobias , Rasch Dustin , Göstl Robert , Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupramolekulare Koordinationskäfige zeigen ein breites Spektrum an nützlichen Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel komplexe maschinenartige Operationen, Katalyse in deren nanoskopischen Hohlräumen und umfangreiche Wirt‐Gast‐Chemie. Hier berichten wir über die Aufnahme und Freisetzung von nichtkovalent verkapselter, pharmazeutischer Fracht aus einem oktaedrischen Pd‐Käfig, welcher an jedem Vertex Polymerketten trägt. Sechs Poly(ethylenglykol)‐dekorierte Bipyridinliganden werden verwendet, um einen oktaedrischen PdII6(TPT)4‐Käfig zu bilden. Der entstandene supramolekulare Wirt verkapselt Progesteron und Ibuprofen in seiner hydrophoben Nanokavität. Der Käfig wird mittels Scherkräfte aktiviert, die durch Ultraschall in wässriger Lösung erzeugt werden und zu einer vollständigen Freisetzung der Fracht bei Bindungsbruch führen, wie NMR‐ und GPC‐Analysen zeigen.
Durch sichtbares Licht vermittelte Cycloadditionen von α‐Ketoacylsilanen mit Iminen: Einfache Synthese von β‐Lactamen
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Bellotti Peter , Paulisch Tiffany O. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese von β‐Lactamen aus α‐Ketoacylsilanen und Iminen, die über eine formale photochemische [2+2]‐Cycloaddition unter in situ‐Generierung von Siloxyketenen erfolgt. Diese milde und operativ einfache Reaktion verläuft atomökonomisch mit einem breiten Substratspektrum, einschließlich Aldiminen, Ketiminen, Hydrazonen und kondensierten Stickstoff‐Heterocyclen, und liefert eine Vielzahl wichtiger β‐Lactame mit zumeist guten Diastereoselektivitäten. Diese Reaktion zeichnet sich auch durch eine hohe Toleranz funktioneller Gruppen, einfache Skalierbarkeit und Produktdiversifizierung aus. Experimentelle und quantenchemische Studien legen nahe, dass α‐Ketoacylsilane als Vorstufen von Siloxyketenen dienen können, die unter photochemischen Bedingungen eine [1,3]‐Siliciumverschiebung durchlaufen.
Advances in anatomical visualization on the head and neck through robotic surgery: A Brazilian perspective
Authors: Dias Fernando L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrans Oral Robotic Surgery (TORS) is an emerging technique that provides several benefits over existing treatment regimens for head and neck cancer, including smaller incisions, less bleeding, shorter term inpatient hospitalization, and reduced intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. TORS allows a high resolution, magnified, three‐dimensional wide view of the surgical field through an endoscope, avoiding large external cervical incisions and split‐lip mandibulotomy, usually required in cancer surgeries of the oropharynx. The anatomy of the Oropharynx viewed from the perspective of the robotic surgeon is different from the anatomy taught in medical schools and residence/fellowship programs, which is more directly related to emergency procedures, open field surgery, and imaging exams. Developing an understanding of the anatomic relationships and landmarks from the “inside out” perspective is critical for any surgeon willing to perform surgical procedures through a transoral robotic approach. Here we address the major anatomic landmarks and structures in head and neck robotic surgeries and advantages and disadvantages of this approach. We emphasize the importance of imaging for successful outcomes, pointing out important anatomic landmarks considered as blind spots for surgeons in clinical and endoscopic evaluations. We also describe the Brazilian current scenario and future perspectives of Robotic Surgery in terms of training and access to this technique, including institutions that currently offer this service in the different regions of Brazil.
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID‐19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 1
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Johnson Sindhu R. , Anthony Donald D. , Arasaratnam Reuben J. , Baden Lindsey R. , Bass Anne R. , Calabrese Cassandra , Gravallese Ellen M. , Harpaz Rafael , Sadun Rebecca E. , Turner Amy S. , Williams Eleanor Anderson , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).MethodsA task force was assembled that included 9 rheumatologists/immunologists, 2 infectious disease specialists, and 2 public health physicians. After agreeing on scoping questions, an evidence report was created that summarized the published literature and publicly available data regarding COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy and safety, as well as literature for other vaccines in RMD patients. Task force members rated their agreement with draft consensus statements on a 9‐point numerical scoring system, using a modified Delphi process and the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, with refinement and iteration over 2 sessions. Consensus was determined based on the distribution of ratings.ResultsDespite a paucity of direct evidence, 74 draft guidance statements were developed by the task force and agreed upon with consensus to provide guidance for use of the COVID‐19 vaccines in RMD patients and to offer recommendations regarding the use and timing of immunomodulatory therapies around the time of vaccination.ConclusionThese guidance statements, made in the context of limited clinical data, are intended to provide direction to rheumatology health care providers on how to best use COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate implementation of vaccination strategies for RMD patients.
Supervised Machine Learning‐Based Classification of Li−S Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Jeschke Steffen , Johansson Patrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) approaches have the potential to create a paradigm shift in science, especially for multi‐variable problems at different levels. Modern battery R&D is an area intrinsically dependent on proper understanding of many different molecular level phenomena and processes alongside evaluation of application level performance: energy, power, efficiency, life‐length, etc. One very promising battery technology is Li−S batteries, but the polysulfide solubility in the electrolyte must be managed. Today, many different electrolyte compositions and concepts are evaluated, but often in a more or less trial‐and‐error fashion. Herein, we show how supervised ML can be applied to accurately classify different Li−S battery electrolytes a priori based on predicting polysulfide solubility. The developed framework is a combined density functional theory (DFT) and statistical mechanics (COSMO‐RS) based quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) model which easily can be extended to other battery technologies and electrolyte properties.
Electrophotocatalytic C−H Azolation of Arenes
Authors: Hou Zhong‐Wei , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn electrophotocatalytic method has been developed for the dehydrogenative cross coupling of arenes with azoles employing a bicatalytic system consisting of acridinium dye and (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO). The reactions are conducted in a simple undivided cell with visible‐light irradiation and requires no external chemical oxidant.
Investigating the morphological and chemical characteristics of surviving neo‐rococo wall paintings in Egypt
Authors: Refaat Fatma , Marey Mahmoud Hussein , Brania Atef 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCairo's 19th‐century buildings with historic and cultural importance are decorated with a prosperous coloring palette. In the present work, samples of pictorial layers and gilded surfaces from El‐Gawhara Palace, the Great mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the Palace of Shubra were studied. Since there is a research gap concerning the painting materials in those monuments, the present study aims to characterize the pictorial surfaces in the studied buildings and to compare the results with other paintings from the same period. The material characterization included microscopic examination via an optical digital microscope. The surface morphology, microstructure, and the elemental identification were accomplished using a field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray micro‐analyzer. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to confirm some findings. The results allowed a sufficient understanding of the paint layers and their chemical nature. The analytical methods revealed ultramarine blue (Na7Al6Si6O24S3) as the blue coloring material in the studied buildings. Further, an obvious discoloration in the blue paint layer from El‐Gawhara Palace was reported. Green earth was identified in the great mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha and in Shubra Palace. Lead (II) oxide (massicot, PbO) was used for the yellow color in Shubra Palace and a mixture of lampblack and magnetite (Fe3O4) was possibly used for the black color in El‐Gawhara Palace. For the gilding technique in Shubra Palace, mechanically adhered gold‐silver leaves were preferred.
Exploring the Full Potential of Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using a Dinuclear Re2Cl2 Complex Assisted by Various Photosensitizers
Authors: Giereth Robin , Obermeier Martin , Forschner Lukas , Karnahl Michael , Schwalbe Matthias , Tschierlei Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosensitizing units have already been applied to enable light‐driven catalytic reduction of CO2 with mononuclear rhenium complexes. However, dinuclear catalytic systems that are able to activate CO2 in a cooperative bimetallic fashion have only rarely been combined with photosensitizers. We here present detailed studies on the influence of additional photosensitizers on the catalytic performance of a dirhenium complex (Re2Cl2) and present correlations with spectroscopic measurements, which shed light on the reaction mechanism. The use of [Ir(dFppy)3] (Ir, dFppy=2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridine)) resulted in considerably faster CO2 to CO transformation than [Cu(xant)(bcp)]PF6 (Cu, xant=xantphos, bcp=bathocuproine). Emission quenching studies, transient absorption as well as IR spectroscopy provide information about the electron transfer paths of the intermolecular systems. It turned out that formation of double reduced species [Re2Cl2]2− along with an intermediate with a Re−Re bond ([ReRe]) can be taken as an indication of multi‐electron storage capacity. Furthermore, under catalytic conditions a CO2‐bridged intermediate was identified.
A novel modified RANKL variant can prevent osteoporosis by acting as a vaccine and an inhibitor
Authors: Ko Young Jong , Sohn Hong Moon , Jang Yuria , Park Mineon , Kim Bora , Kim Beomchang , Park Jae‐Il , Hyun Hoon , Jeong Byeongseok , Hong Chansik , Lim Wonbong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe discovery of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐ĸB ligand (RANKL) as the final effector in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has led to a better understanding of bone remodeling. When RANKL binds to its receptor (RANK), osteoclastic differentiation and activation are initiated. Herein, we propose a strategy using a novel RANKL variant as a competitive inhibitor for RANKL. The RANKL variant activates LGR4 signaling, which competitively regulates RANK and acts as an immunogen that induces anti‐RANKL antibody production.MethodsWe modified the RANK‐binding site on RANKL using minimal amino acid changes in the RANKL complex and its counterpart receptor RANK and tried to evaluate the inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis.ResultsThe novel RANKL variant did not bind RANK in osteoclast progenitor cells, but activated LGR4 through the GSK3‐β signaling pathway, thereby suppressing activated T cell cytoplasmic nuclear factor calcineurin‐dependent 1 (NFATc1) expression and activity during osteoclastogenesis. Our RANKL variant generated high levels of RANKL‐specific antibodies, blocked osteoclastogenesis, and inhibited osteoporosis in ovariectomized mouse models. Generated anti‐RANKL antibodies showed a high inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsWe observed that the novel RANKL indeed blocks RANKL via LGR4 signaling and generates anti‐RANKL antibodies, demonstrating an innovative strategy in the development of general immunotherapy.
Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, cognition, and mild behavioral impairment in healthy older adults
Authors: Creese Byron , Arathimos Ryan , Brooker Helen , Aarsland Dag , Corbett Anne , Lewis Cathryn , Ballard Clive , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropsychiatric syndrome mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes an at‐risk state for dementia and may be a useful screening tool for sample enrichment. We hypothesized that stratifying a cognitively normal sample on MBI status would enhance the association between genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognition.MethodsData from 4458 participants over age 50 without dementia was analyzed. A cognitive composite score was constructed and the MBI Checklist was used to stratify those with MBI and those without. Polygenic scores for AD were generated using summary statistics from the IGAP study.ResultsAD genetic risk was associated with worse cognition in the MBI group but not in the no MBI group (MBI: β = –0.09, 95% confidence interval: –0.13 to –0.03,P = 0.002,R2 = 0.003). The strongest association was in those with more severe MBI aged ≥65.ConclusionsMBI is an important feature of aging; screening on MBI may be a useful sample enrichment strategy for clinical research.
A transgenic Alx4‐CreER mouse to analyze anterior limb and nephric duct development
Authors: Rockwell Devan M. , O'Connor Amber K. , Bentley‐Ford Melissa R. , Haycraft Courtney J. , Croyle Mandy J. , Brewer Kathryn M. , Berbari Nicolas F. , Kesterson Robert A. , Yoder Bradley K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic tools to study gene function and the fate of cells in the anterior limb bud are very limited.ResultsWe describe a transgenic mouse line expressing CreERT2 from the Aristaless‐like 4 (Alx4) promoter that induces recombination in the anterior limb. Cre induction at embryonic day 8.5 revealed that Alx4‐CreERT2 labeled cells using the mTmG Cre reporter contributed to anterior digits I to III as well as the radius of the forelimb. Cre activity is expanded further along the AP axis in the hindlimb than in the forelimb resulting in some Cre reporter cells contributing to digit IV. Induction at later time points labeled cells that become progressively restricted to more anterior digits and proximal structures. Comparison of Cre expression from the Alx4 promoter transgene with endogenous Alx4 expression reveals Cre expression is slightly expanded posteriorly relative to the endogenous Alx4 expression. Using Alx4‐CreERT2 to induce loss of intraflagellar transport 88 (Ift88), a gene required for ciliogenesis, hedgehog signaling, and limb patterning, did not cause overt skeletal malformations. However, the efficiency of deletion, time needed for Ift88 protein turnover, and for cilia to regress may hinder using this approach to analyze cilia in the limb. Alx4‐CreERT2 is also active in the mesonephros and nephric duct that contribute to the collecting tubules and ducts of the adult nephron. Embryonic activation of the Alx4‐CreERT2 in the Ift88 conditional line results in cyst formation in the collecting tubules/ducts.ConclusionOverall, the Alx4‐CreERT2 line will be a new tool to assess cell fates and analyze gene function in the anterior limb, mesonephros, and nephric duct.