bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Equivalency of the Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator to Peer Practice: A Pilot Study
Authors: Douglass Amanda , Cham Kwang Meng , Jaworski Alexandra , Maillet Alissa , Cochrane Anthea , Armitage James A. 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Optometric educators are constantly looking for learning and teaching approaches to improve clinical skills training. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has made educators scrutinize the time allocated to face-to-face teaching and practice. Simulation learning is an option, but its use must first be evaluated against traditional learning methods.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the training of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy skills achieved by students and optometrists through deliberate practice on the Eyesi Indirect Ophthalmoscope simulator with deliberate practice using a peer.

METHODS
Students and optometrists were randomly allocated to practice on either the simulator or a peer. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy performance was assessed using a peer and the simulator as the patients at different time points. Knowledge and confidence were examined before and following all practice sessions using a quiz and survey.

RESULTS
Significant improvements in binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy performance using either a peer or the simulator as the patient for assessment were seen after 8 hours of student practice (P < .001) and after a half-hour practice time for optometrists (P < .001). There was no significant difference in performance overall between those practicing on a simulator and those practicing on a peer (P > .05). Confidence in ability to perform the technique was lower for students who had practiced on the simulator.

CONCLUSIONS
The simulator has similar efficacy to peer practice for teaching binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to students and maintenance of this clinical skill for optometrists. Simulation does not replace the need for peer practice but may be a useful adjunct reducing the face-to-face hours required. These findings present a need for further research regarding diverse applications of the Eyesi Indirect Ophthalmoscope simulator in the curriculum for training optometry students and as a continuing professional development offering for optometrists, given the short exposure duration required to observe a significant improvement in skill.
Case Report: Treatment of Myasthenic Ptosis with Topical Ocular Oxymetazoline
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey , Yang Danica 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Ptosis is often the hallmark finding in ocular and general myasthenia gravis. Reduction of ptosis has been achieved with oral and topical ocular medications. However, these medications can result in systemic and ocular adverse effects. A novel eye drop seems to be effective in reducing ptosis while minimizing adverse effects.

PURPOSE
This case report aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of topical oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1%, an α-adrenergic agonist, in temporary elimination of ptosis associated with myasthenia gravis.

CASE REPORT
A 68-year-old woman with a history of myasthenia gravis and long-standing ptosis in the right eye presented to improve the asymmetrical appearance of her eyelids. One drop of oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1% was instilled in the right eye of the patient. Within 2 hours, the ptosis was eliminated, the margin-reflex distance 1 increased by 2.0 mm, and the superior visual field measured by a superior 36-point screening test increased by 15 points. The effect lasted for at least 7 hours. Of note, there was a decrease in elevation of the contralateral nonptotic eyelid that did not receive a drop of oxymetazoline, which might occur only in myasthenia gravis. Further evaluation is warranted.

CONCLUSIONS
Oxymetazoline 0.1% is effective in reducing and potentially eliminating ptosis related to ocular myasthenia gravis for up to 7 hours.
Correction of Ocular Aberrations with Prismatic Rigid Gas-permeable Contact Lenses in Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Carballo-Alvarez Jesus , Caballero-Magro Elena , Cortes-Escudero Irene , Carpena-Torres Carlos 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
A base-down prism was incorporated on the anterior surface of rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses to explore potential effects on the residual ocular aberrations after contact lens fitting in keratoconic eyes.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the correction of ocular aberrations with corneal prismatic RGP contact lenses in keratoconic eyes and their impact on visual function.

METHODS
A cross-sectional and randomized study was performed. Seventeen eyes of 17 keratoconus patients (34.6 ± 11.1 years) were evaluated. Two designs (standard and prismatic) of a corneal RGP contact lens (KAKC; Conoptica, Barcelona, Spain) were fitted to the same eye of each patient in a random order: a standard RGP contact lens as control and a prismatic RGP contact lens with a base-down prism of 1.6 prism diopters. Ocular aberrations were measured for a pupil diameter of 3 mm with and without both contact lenses, whereas high-contrast distance visual acuity, low-contrast distance visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured under photopic and mesopic conditions.

RESULTS
Both contact lenses improved oblique primary astigmatism, defocus, vertical coma, coma-like, and root-mean-square higher-order aberrations compared with the unaided eyes (P < .05). Furthermore, the prismatic RGP contact lenses offered lower values of vertical coma and root-mean-square higher-order aberrations than the standard RGP contact lenses (P < .05). Both designs (standard and prismatic) produced a positive vertical coma of lower magnitude than the negative vertical coma of the unaided eyes. On the other hand, the improvement achieved in all visual function variables was the same for both contact lens designs (P ≥ .05).

CONCLUSIONS
The prismatic RGP contact lenses corrected higher levels of higher-order aberrations compared with the standard RGP contact lenses. However, both contact lens designs with the same refractive power were equally efficient at improving visual function.
Case Series: Ocular Trauma Secondary to Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhou Peng , Jiang Xiaodan , Li Xue-min 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Previously, people had only recognized the discomfort of masks, and no one had ever realized the risk of ocular trauma associated with masks. We classify the causes of injuries into two categories and emphasize the importance of using masks properly.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to characterize and classify ocular injuries caused by masks.

CASE REPORTS
With the increase in the number of masks used during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we have seen a rise in mask-related ocular injuries. This is a single-center retrospective case series of patients presenting to the Peking University Third Hospital Ophthalmology Department emergency department with ocular injuries secondary to masks from February to August 2020. Nine patients (six males, three females) were reviewed. All patients had a unilateral injury (four right eyes, five left eyes). The most frequently injured site was the cornea, which was seen in five patients. Some patients were injured in more than one area. Seven patients were injured by metal nose wires or other rigid, sharp parts of masks. The other two patients were injured by elastic mask straps.

CONCLUSIONS
Masks can cause two types of ocular injuries that may require surgical intervention. One kind is metal nose wires or other rigid, sharp parts of masks causing lacerations or abrasions. The other is recoiling elastic mask straps snapping into the eyes and causing contusions. Our report emphasizes the importance of using masks properly.
Relationship Between Injury Pattern and Domestic Violence in a Romanian Population
Authors: Isailă Oana-Maria , Hostiuc Sorin , Curcă George-Cristian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Physical violence is a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An often-underreported subtype of physical violence is domestic violence (DV). The main aim of this study was to identify DV-specific patterns of traumatic injuries in comparison to other types of interpersonal violence (OV) in a Romanian population from a medical-legal standpoint. We performed a retrospective study drawing on 500 medical-legal certificates (medical-legal document attesting the traumatic injuries) of victims of interpersonal violence issued by the National Institute of Legal Medicine Bucharest during the 2017–2020 period. A total of 500 victims comprised the sample, including 188 DV victims and 312 victims of OVs. A majority of the DV victims were women (153 victims; 81%), whereas a majority of the OV victims were men (231 victims, 74%). Overall, DV victims were older compared with OV victims (40.9 ± 15.4 vs 37.3 ± 14.8 years, respectively). We found a pattern of frequent upper limb injuries specific to DV, whereas head injuries were specific to OV.
Fatal Excipients
Authors: Hossein-Zadeh Zarrin , Shuman Mark J. , Rapkiewicz Amy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Crushed oral tablets, when injected intravenously, may induce a foreign body granulomatous reaction in and around pulmonary arterioles, because of the presence of filler materials (excipients). This typically presents as shortness of breath in the context of pulmonary hypertension with arteriolar dilation and centrilobular nodules on imaging modalities. The constellation of findings may be overlooked or misdiagnosed by clinicians and pathologists, ultimately affecting patient care and postmortem assessment. We describe 5 patients with excipient lung disease that had antemortem chronic medical conditions that required a peripherally inserted catheter or port. All 5 patients had intravascular and perivascular deposition of polarizable foreign material within the pulmonary arteries. Foreign body granulomatosis as a result of intravenous drug use was not clinically suspected in any patient, and 2 of the 5 patients were misdiagnosed with mycobacterium infections. Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and symptoms of heart failure were noted in 3 patients and 2 had a history of upper arm deep vein thrombosis. We conclude that excipient lung disease may be underdiagnosed cause of dyspnea, pulmonary hypertension, and death in patients with a known history of intravenous drug use.
Trends in HIV prevalence by self-report among MSM diagnosed and reported with gonorrhea in six United States jurisdictions from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Stenger Mark Richard , Pathela Preeti , Schumacher Christina , Burghardt Nicole , Amiya Rachel , Madera Robbie , Nguyen Trang Q. , Torrone Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Background:
HIV co-infection among persons diagnosed with gonorrhea is not well characterized. Trends in HIV prevalence among persons diagnosed with gonorrhea may have significant implications for HIV prevention interventions, especially for MSM. MSM are increasingly and disproportionately represented among incident gonorrhea cases reported in a multistate sentinel surveillance network. Using data from this network, we estimated HIV prevalence among MSM by self-report and explored trends in co-infection by key demographics.

Design:
Observational study using enhanced surveillance data.

Methods:
Six geographically diverse jurisdictions in the STD Surveillance Network (SSuN) 2010–2019 randomly sampled laboratory-confirmed gonorrhea cases. Enhanced investigations on sampled cases included patient interviews eliciting demographic, behavioral and HIV testing history. These data were weighted to adjust for study design and nonresponse to estimate trends in HIV prevalence.

Results:
Of 653 522 reported cases, 28 979 were sampled and investigated. The proportion of cases reporting living with diagnosed HIV at the time of their gonorrhea diagnosis increased 61% across the study period from 6.6% in 2010 to 10.8% in 2019. The observed increase in HIV prevalence is concurrent with an increase in the proportion of gonorrhea cases attributable to MSM. HIV prevalence among MSM decreased in two jurisdictions and increasing trends were observed among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic MSM. HIV prevalence decreased among non-Hispanic white MSM, MSM under 20 and those 40 years of age or older.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis with gonorrhea, especially among MSM, should be a sentinel event triggering screening for HIV, referral to high-impact HIV prevention interventions or to HIV primary care.
7 Tesla and Beyond
Authors: Platt Tanja , Ladd Mark E. , Paech Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B
0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B
0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
The Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging According to Field Strength, Specifically Addressing the Breadth of Current State-of-the-Art Systems, Which Include 0.55 T, 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T
Authors: Runge Val M. , Heverhagen Johannes T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This review provides a balanced perspective regarding the clinical utility of magnetic resonance systems across the range of field strengths for which current state-of-the-art units exist (0.55 T, 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T). Guidance regarding this issue is critical to appropriate purchasing, usage, and further dissemination of this important imaging modality, both in the industrial world and in developing nations. The review serves to provide an important update, although to a large extent this information has never previously been openly presented. In that sense, it serves also as a position paper, with statements and recommendations as appropriate.
Analysis of a Deep Learning-Based Superresolution Algorithm Tailored to Partial Fourier Gradient Echo Sequences of the Abdomen at 1.5 T
Authors: Afat Saif , Wessling Daniel , Afat Carmen , Nickel Dominik , Arberet Simon , Herrmann Judith , Othman Ahmed E. , Gassenmaier Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and impact of a novel deep learning superresolution algorithm tailored to partial Fourier allowing retrospectively theoretical acquisition time reduction in 1.5 T T1-weighted gradient echo imaging of the abdomen.

Materials and Methods
Fifty consecutive patients who underwent a 1.5 T contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging examination of the abdomen between April and May 2021 were included in this retrospective study. After acquisition of a conventional T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination using Dixon for water-fat separation (VIBEStd), the acquired data were reprocessed including a superresolution algorithm that was optimized for partial Fourier acquisitions (VIBESR). To accelerate theoretically the acquisition process, a more aggressive partial Fourier setting was applied in VIBESR reconstructions practically corresponding to a shorter acquisition for the data included in the retrospective reconstruction. Precontrast, dynamic contrast-enhanced, and postcontrast data sets were processed. Image analysis was performed by 2 radiologists independently in a blinded random order without access to clinical data regarding the following criteria using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4 with 4 being the best: noise levels, sharpness and contrast of vessels, sharpness and contrast of organs and lymph nodes, overall image quality, diagnostic confidence, and lesion conspicuity. Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired data was applied to test for significance.

Results
Mean patient age was 61 ± 14 years. Mean acquisition time for the conventional VIBEStd sequence was 15 ± 1 seconds versus theoretical 13 ± 1 seconds of acquired data used for the VIBESR reconstruction. Noise levels were evaluated to be better in VIBESR with a median of 4 (4–4) versus a median of 3 (3–3) in VIBEStd by both readers (P < 0.001). Sharpness and contrast of vessels as well as organs and lymph nodes were also evaluated to be superior in VIBESR compared with VIBEStd with a median of 4 (4–4) versus a median of 3 (3–3) (P < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence was also rated superior in VIBESR with a median of 4 (4–4) versus a median of 3.5 (3–4) in VIBEStd by reader 1 and with a median of 4 (4–4) for VIBESR and a median of 4 (4–4) for VIBEStd by reader 2 (both P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Image enhancement using deep learning–based superresolution tailored to partial Fourier acquisitions of T1-weighted gradient echo imaging of the abdomen provides improved image quality and diagnostic confidence in combination with more aggressive partial Fourier settings leading to shorter scan time.
Reconstruction of Large Cervicofacial Defects With Expanded Island Superficial Temporal Artery Flaps and an 810-nm Diode Laser Hair Removal Technique
Authors: Li Haizhou , Xu Xiangwen , Gao Yashan , Gu Shuchen , Xin Huang , Ren Jie-Yi , Gu Yi-Hui , Wang Zhichao , Gu Bin , Zan Tao 
Published: September 2021

Background
Extensive cervicofacial reconstruction is challenging for plastic surgeons. Because of the location of the adjacent scalp flap nourished by the superficial temporal artery (STA), it can be a candidate for cervicofacial reconstruction.

Objectives
This article aims to report a combined treatment of an expanded island STA flap and an 810-nm diode laser hair removal technique for extensive cervicofacial defects.

Methods
Between January 2015 and December 2018, 10 patients with lower face and neck scar contraction were reconstructed with a bilateral or unilateral expanded STA island flap and an 810-nm diode laser for hair removal in this retrospective study. Hair removal via the 810-nm laser was started when the injected volume reached the volume of the expander, with a fluence of 35 to 40 J/cm2 and a 1 to 2 Hz repetition rate. Before second-stage surgery, the hair reduction rate was assessed. Twelve months after surgery, the degree of epilation efficacy according to the satisfaction scale and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was evaluated.

Results
This study included 2 single-pedicle flaps and 8 double-pedicle flaps. The average size of the implanted expanders was 600 mL. The average injected volume was 1405 mL. Before second surgery, there was a 67.4% hair reduction rate. Twelve months after surgery, the results of Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale were very good (3), good (6), average (1), and poor (0).

Conclusions
The expanded island STA flap and 810-nm diode laser technique may be a novel treatment option for severe face and neck aesthetic reconstruction.
Clinical Comparison of 3 Different Double Eyelid Surgeries
Authors: Yang E. , Hengshu Zhang 
Published: September 2021

Objective
Double blepharoplasty or double eyelid surgery is a common plastic surgery in Asians. Our study aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgical technique relative to other commonly used approaches.

Method
The study compared 852 single eyelid patients electing 1 of 3 double eyelid surgical options; minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel, minimally invasive 3-point embedding, or incision double eyelid surgery. Evaluation criteria included postoperative swelling, hyperemia, pain, scarring, single eyelid recurrence, and patient satisfaction after 2 years.

Results
All surgical methods effectively achieved double eyelids. Directly after the procedure, the minimally invasive 3-point embedding method produced the mildest degree of swelling and congestion, followed by the 3-point subcutaneous tunnel method and then the incision method (F = 523.908, P = 0.000). The incision method also resulted in more serious postoperative pain, whereas the other 2 methods were equivalent (F = 83.117, P = 0.000). Patients in the incision group had the most severe scars compared with the other 2 groups with milder scarring (F = 882.102, P = 0.000). The minimally invasive 3-point embedding method group had the highest single eyelid recurrence rate (5.88%), whereas the recurrence rates for the other 2 methods were less than 1%. Patients satisfaction after 2 years was highest in the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunneling method, followed by the 3-point embedding method and lastly the incision method (F = 25.931, P = 0.00).

Conclusions
Minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgery has advantages over other techniques, and its clinical application is worth promoting for suitable patients.
Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction Following Recurrent Ameloblastoma Resection
Authors: Horen Sydney R. , Hansdorfer Marek A. , Seu Michelle , Murphy James , Figueroa Alvaro , Tragos Christina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ameloblastomas are benign tumors that most commonly affecting the mandible. The current standard of treatment for ameloblastomas is resection followed by reconstruction that has historically been accomplished through the use of a microsurgical vascularized flaps taken from the iliac crest or fibula. Alloplastic reconstruction methods have gained popularity over recent years with success reported in the reconstruction of many pathologies, including ankylosis, condylar fracture, neoplasia involving extensive resection, severe inflammatory/degenerative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease, and congenital TMJ abnormalities. The authors present a patient who successfully underwent ameloblastoma resection and TMJ reconstruction with a custom TMJ Concepts alloplastic implant. The authors also present a review of the literature on alloplastic TMJ reconstruction following ameloblastoma resection. To our knowledge, this is the second report in the literature on the use of a TMJ Concepts implant after ameloblastoma resection.