bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pepper Alkaloids and Processed Meat Intake: Results from a Randomized Trial and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort
Authors: Wedekind Roland , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Robinot Nivonirina , Viallon Vivian , Rothwell Joseph A. , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Wittenbecher Clemens , Schulze Matthias B. , Halkjær Jytte , Rostgaard‐Hansen Agnetha Linn , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Santucci de Magistris Maria , Krogh Vittorio , Sacerdote Carlotta , Jakszyn Paula , Weiderpass Elisabete , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge , Scalbert Augustin 
Published: February 2021

ScopeProcessed meat intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the type of processed meat more particularly responsible for these effects. This study aims to identify novel biomarkers for processed meat intake.Methods and ResultsIn a controlled randomized cross‐over dietary intervention study, 12 healthy volunteers consume different processed and non‐processed meats for 3 consecutive days each. Metabolomics analyses are applied on post‐intervention fasting blood and urine samples to identify discriminating molecular features of processed meat intake. Nine and five pepper alkaloid metabolites, including piperine, are identified as major discriminants of salami intake in urine and plasma, respectively. The associations with processed meat intake are tested for replication in a cross‐sectional study (n = 418) embedded within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Three of the serum metabolites including piperine are associated with habitual intake of sausages and to a lesser extent of total processed meat.ConclusionPepper alkaloids are major discriminants of intake for sausages that contain high levels of pepper used as ingredient. Further work is needed to assess if pepper alkaloids in combination with other metabolites may serve as biomarkers of processed meat intake.
Low‐stress over‐molding of media‐tight electronics using thermoplastic foam injection molding
Authors: Ott Constantin , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to increasing automation and the associated rising demands on electronic assemblies, a suitable manufacturing process for large‐scale production is needed to protect such products. The big challenge in this context is the low‐stress encapsulation of the assemblies to protect them from external influences. In this study, the foam injection molding process was used to encapsulate FR4 (epoxy‐based PCB) with Polyamid66 (PA66). The focus was on the production of a good assembly in terms of the quality of the bond and the media tightness. These parameters can be used to evaluate the protective effect against the surrounding. In the tests, a leakage rate of 0.025 m/min and shear stress of 6.5 MPa was achieved at low‐foaming rates. This leakage is below the maximum acceptable threshold of 0.5 ml/min. The shear stress reaches values comparable to those in injection molding In addition to the requirements for leakage and composite quality, it could be shown that the internal mold pressure is reduced from 450 bar to below 10 bar by foaming. This can be used as the first indication of a reduced shear load on electronic components during over‐molding. The suitability of the new solution concept is demonstrated.
Adding Toxicological Context to Nanotoxicity Study Reporting Using the NanoTox Metadata List
Authors: Drobne Damjana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a list of specifications (NanoTox metadata list) to be reported about nanotoxicity experiments (metadata) together with resultant data to add toxicological context to reported studies. In areas involving nanomaterials (NMs), existing metadata reporting standards include the reporting of experimental conditions and protocols (MIRIBEL) and material characteristics (MINChar and MIAN), as well as reporting focused on specific experiments (MINBE). NanoCRED is a similarly transparent and structured framework, however, it is developed to guide risk assessors in evaluating the reliability and relevance of NM ecotoxicity studies. There is no reporting standard which would include interpretation of the aims and outcomes of nanotoxicity studies beyond regulatory purposes. The proposed NanoTox metadata reporting checklist is elaborated to extend reporting toward describing nanotoxicological context and thus is a logical complement to technology/material‐assay focused reporting checklists. It is further designed to allow for NM toxicity data and knowledge integration, reuse, and communication. Its ultimate goal is to adhere to the basic rules of toxicology when taking a stand on the toxicity of NMs and to limit speculations on safety. As nanotoxicology becomes more interdisciplinary with the advent of new tools and new materials to be tested, reporting standards will contribute to cross‐disciplinary communication.
Chromosomal Looping‐Based Expression Activation System in Yeast
Authors: Qiu Leilei , Wang Xiaoying , Zhuang Gui , Ouyang Xinhao , Huang Xi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that 3D genome organization is a universal and significant mechanism of gene expression regulation. Tools to manipulate long‐range DNA interactions can advance the accurate control of chromosomal architecture. However, simple eukaryotic systems available to engineer chromosomal looping and gene expression are very limited. This study has developed a tool designated as chromosomal looping‐based expression activation system in yeast (CLEASY). Based on a modified yeast chromosome, it consists of conditionally interacting proteins, distal transcriptional regulatory elements, and a reporter gene. Exogenous chemical or light exposure induces the protein interaction, and results in the proximity of distal regulatory elements bound by these interacting proteins, and ultimately activates the reporter gene. In addition to this controllable induction, this system is compatible with the bivalent Cas9 complexes and their guide RNAs, to ensure target specificity and variability. Therefore, CLEASY can be utilized as a simplified eukaryotic model to engineer DNA looping machinery, and potentially serves as a fast platform to investigate looping mechanism and effective molecules.
Characterization of leptospiral DNA in the follicular fluid of non‐pregnant cows
Authors: Di Azevedo Maria Isabel Nogueira , Pires Bruno Cabral , Barbosa Lucas Figueiredo Cardoso , Carvalho‐Costa Filipe Anibal , Lilenbaum Walter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBovine leptospirosis is mainly characterized by reproductive disorders. Contamination of the oocyte was previously demonstrated in vitro, resulting in some apparent damage. However, it is not clear whether it occurs under natural conditions. The present study aimed to characterize the presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA in the ovarian follicles of non‐pregnant cows.MethodsFollicular fluid samples were collected from 65 animals and subjected to lipL32 PCR and secY sequencing.ResultsIn total, seven of 65 (10.8%) were positive, indicating a possible early infection of the oocyte. Moreover, secY sequencing identified L. interrogans and L. santarosai, both very closely related to bovine strains from the Sejroe serogroup (Hardjoprjitno and Guaricura). We demonstrated that ovarian follicles can also be infected.ConclusionsIt was hypothesised that ovarian infection can contribute to embryonic death, causing reproductive failure and estrus repetition. In the present study, we show that the organism identified in the follicle is closely related to one that is known to be associated with reproductive disorders.
A Comparative Analysis of Emulated and Real IEC-104 Spontaneous Traffic in Power System Networks
Authors: Lin C.-Y. , Nadjm-Tehrani Simin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSupervisory and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems control and monitor modern power networks. As attacks targeting SCADA systems are increasing, significant research is conducted to defend SCADA networks including variations of anomaly detection. Due to the sensitivity of real data, many defence mechanisms have been tested only in small testbeds or emulated traffic that were designed with assumptions on how SCADA systems behave. This work provides a timing characterization of IEC-104 spontaneous traffic and compares the results from emulated traffic and real traffic to verify if the network characteristics appearing in testbeds and emulated traffic coincide with real traffic. Among three verified characteristics, two of them appear in the real dataset but in a less regular way, and one does not appear in the collected real data. The insights from these observations are discussed in terms of presumed differences between emulated and real traffic and how those differences are generated.
The $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 higher spin algebra for generic μ parameter
Authors: Ahn Changhyun , Kim Man Hea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 higher spin generators for general superspin s in terms of oscillators in the matrix generalization of AdS3 Vasiliev higher spin theory at nonzero μ (which is equivalent to the ’t Hooft-like coupling constant λ) were found previously. In this paper, by computing the (anti)commutators between these $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 higher spin generators for low spins s1 and s2 (s1 + s2 ≤ 11) explicitly, we determine the complete $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 higher spin algebra for generic μ. The three kinds of structure constants contain the linear combination of two different generalized hypergeometric functions. These structure constants remain the same under the transformation μ ↔ (1 − μ) up to signs. We have checked that the above $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 higher spin algebra contains the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 higher spin algebra, as a subalgebra, found by Fradkin and Linetsky some time ago.
Holographic renormalization group flow effect on quantum correlations
Authors: Park Chanyong , Lee Jung Hun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We holographically study the finite-size scaling effects on macroscopic and microscopic quantum correlations deformed by excitation and condensation. The excitation (condensation) increases (decreases) the entanglement entropy of the system. We also investigate the two-point correlation function of local operators by calculating the geodesic length connecting two local operators. As opposed to the entanglement entropy case, the excitation (condensation) decreases (increases) the two-point function. This is because the screening effect becomes strong in the background with the large entanglement entropy. We further show that the holographic renormalization leads to the qualitatively same two-point function as the one obtained from the geodesic length.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 AdS4 supergravity, holography and Ward identities
Authors: Andrianopoli L. , Cerchiai B. L. , Matrecano R. , Miskovic O. , Noris R. , Olea R. , Ravera L. , Trigiante M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We develop in detail the holographic framework for an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 pure AdS supergravity model in four dimensions, including all the contributions from the fermionic fields and adopting the Fefferman-Graham parametrization. We work in the first order formalism, where the full superconformal structure can be kept manifest in principle, even if only a part of it is realized as a symmetry on the boundary, while the remainder has a non-linear realization. Our study generalizes the results presented in antecedent literature and includes a general discussion of the gauge-fixing conditions on the bulk fields which yield the asymptotic symmetries at the boundary. We construct the corresponding super- conformal currents and show that they satisfy the related Ward identities when the bulk equations of motion are imposed. Consistency of the holographic setup requires the super- AdS curvatures to vanish at the boundary. This determines, in particular, the expression of the super-Schouten tensor of the boundary theory, which generalizes the purely bosonic Schouten tensor of standard gravity by including gravitini bilinears. The same applies to the superpartner of the super-Schouten tensor, the conformino. Furthermore, the vanishing of the supertorsion poses general constraints on the sources of the three-dimensional boundary conformal field theory and requires that the super-Schouten tensor is endowed with an antisymmetric part proportional to a gravitino-squared term.
On the W&Y interpretation of high-energy Drell-Yan measurements
Authors: Torre Riccardo , Ricci Lorenzo , Wulzer Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High-energy neutral and charged Drell-Yan differential cross-section measurements are powerful probes of quark-lepton contact interactions that produce growing-with-energy effects. This paper provides theoretical predictions of the new physics effects at the Next-to-Leading order in QCD and including one-loop EW corrections at the single-logarithm accuracy. The predictions are obtained from SM Monte Carlo simulations through analytic reweighting. This eliminates the need of performing a scan on the new physics parameter space, enabling the global exploration of all the relevant interactions. Furthermore, our strategy produces consistently showered events to be employed for a direct comparison of the new physics predictions with the data, or to validate the unfolding procedure than underlies the cross-section measurements. Two particularly relevant interactions, associated with the W and Y parameters of EW precision tests, are selected for illustration. Projections are presented for the sensitivity of the LHC and of the HL-LHC measurements. The impact on the sensitivity of several sources of uncertainties is quantified.
Topological shadows and complexity of islands in multiboundary wormholes
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Chanda Anindya , Maulik Sabyasachi , Northe Christian , Roy Shibaji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, remarkable progress in recovering the Page curve of an evaporating black hole (BH) in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity has been achieved through use of Quantum Extremal surfaces (QES). Multi-boundary Wormhole (MbW) models have been crucial in parallel model building in three dimensions. Motivated by this we here use the latter models to compute the subregion complexity of the Hawking quanta of the evaporating BH in AdS3and obtain the Page curve associated with this information theoretic measure. We use three- andn-boundary wormhole constructions to elucidate our computations of volumes below the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) surfaces at different times. Time is represented by the growing length of the throat horizons corresponding to smaller exits of the multi-boundary wormhole and the evaporating bigger exit shrinks with evolving time. We track the change in choice of HRT surfaces with time and plot the volume with time. The smooth transition of Page curve is realized by a discontinuous jump at Page time in volume subregion complexity plots and the usual Page transition is realized as a phase transition due to the inclusion of the island in this context. We discuss mathematical intricacies and physical insights regarding the inclusion of the extra volume at Page time. The analysis is backed by calculations and lessons from kinematic space and tensor networks.
Akzidentelle Atemkalkingestion im Rahmen eines Tauchganges
Authors: Michael Mark , Freise Noemi , Keitel Verena , Schaper Andreas , Plettenberg Christian , Dreyer Sven , Bernhard Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungAtemkalk wird in Kreislauftauchgeräten beim technischen Tauchen („Rebreathern“) verwendet. Vergleichbar mit einem Narkosekreislaufgerät dient bei einem halb- bzw. geschlossenen Atemsystem der Kalk der Kohlendioxidabsorbtion. Der Atemkalk enthält meist Kalziumhydroxid, das unter Wassereinwirkung zu Natronlauge reagieren kann. Bei der Ingestion bzw. Aspiration von Bestandteilen des Atemkalks kann es zu Verätzungen mit der Bildung von Kolliquationsnekrosen kommen. Eine frühzeitige Endo- bzw. ggf. Bronchoskopie ist hier zur Abschätzung von Folgeschäden essenziell.
Evolving AAV-delivered therapeutics towards ultimate cures
Authors: He Xiangjun , Urip Brian Anugerah , Zhang Zhenjie , Ngan Chun Christopher , Feng Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGene therapy has entered a new era after decades-long efforts, where the recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) has stood out as the most potent vector for in vivo gene transfer and demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety profiles in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. Since the first AAV-derived therapeutics Glybera was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2012, there is an increasing number of AAV-based gene augmentation therapies that have been developed and tested for treating incurable genetic diseases. In the subsequent years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two additional AAV gene therapy products, Luxturna and Zolgensma, to be launched into the market. Recent breakthroughs in genome editing tools and the combined use with AAV vectors have introduced new therapeutic modalities using somatic gene editing strategies. The promising outcomes from preclinical studies have prompted the continuous evolution of AAV-delivered therapeutics and broadened the scope of treatment options for untreatable diseases. Here, we describe the clinical updates of AAV gene therapies and the latest development using AAV to deliver the CRISPR components as gene editing therapeutics. We also discuss the major challenges and safety concerns associated with AAV delivery and CRISPR therapeutics, and highlight the recent achievement and toxicity issues reported from clinical applications.
Clarithromycin impairs tissue-resident memory and Th17 responses to macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections
Authors: Lindenberg Marc , Almeida Luis , Dhillon-LaBrooy Ayesha , Siegel Ekkehard , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Sparwasser Tim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing public health concern, with the potential to compromise the success of infectious disease treatments in the future. Particularly, the number of infections by macrolide antibiotics-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing. We show here that Clarithromycin impairs both the frequencies and number of interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th) 17 cells within the lungs of mice infected with a macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae serotype 15A strain. Subsequently, the tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cell (Trm) response to a consecutive S. pneumoniae infection was impaired. The number of lung resident IL-17+ CD69+ Trm was diminished upon Clarithromycin treatment during reinfection. Mechanistically, Clarithromycin attenuated phosphorylation of the p90-S6-kinase as part of the ERK pathway in Th17 cells. Moreover, a strong increase in the mitochondrial-mediated maximal respiratory capacity was observed, while mitochondrial protein translation and mTOR sisgnaling were unimpaired. Therefore, treatment with macrolide antibiotics may favor the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens not only by applying a selection pressure but also by decreasing the natural T cell immune response. Clinical administration of macrolide antibiotics as standard therapy procedure during initial hospitalization should be reconsidered accordingly and possibly be withheld until microbial resistance is determined.

Key messages
• Macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae infection undergoes immunomodulation by Clarithromycin
• Clarithromycin treatment hinders Th17 and tissue-resident memory responses
• Macrolide antibiotics impair Th17 differentiation in vitro by ERK-pathway inhibition
ICD-11: Änderungen der diagnostischen Kriterien der Substanzabhängigkeit
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Gül Halil Melissa , Gutwinski Stefan , Beck Anne , Liu Shuyan 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der ICD(International Classification of Diseases)-11 ändern sich die Kriterien für die Diagnose der Substanzabhängigkeit.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Erörterung der Vor- und Nachteile der neu verfassten Diagnosekriterien.

Material und Methoden
Diskussion unter Berücksichtigung neurobiologischer, sozialer und klinischer Forschungsergebnisse.

Ergebnisse
Im ICD-11 werden wie bisher Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und schädlicher Gebrauch unterschieden. Zur Diagnose der Abhängigkeit werden die ehemals 6 Diagnosekriterien in 3 Paaren gebündelt, von denen künftig 2 erfüllt sein müssen. Innerhalb der Paare genügt ein erfülltes Kriterium, damit das Paar als bejaht gilt. Unter Bezugnahme wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse im Suchtbereich zeigen sich Vor- und Nachteile. Hierbei könnte sich die Spezifität der Diagnosestellung gegenüber dem ICD-10 verschlechtern, da pro Paar nur ein Kriterium erfüllt sein muss und somit die Möglichkeit besteht, dass nicht problematisches Konsumverhalten inkorrekt pathologisiert und falsch diagnostiziert wird. Das erscheint als problematisch, da die Definition des ICD-10 „Anhaltender Konsum trotz eindeutiger schädlicher Folgen“, im ICD-11 weiter gefasst wird als „Oft fortgeführter Konsum trotz Auftreten von Problemen“. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass das Kriterium einfach deshalb erfüllt wird, weil der Konsum einer Substanz in einem bestimmten Land illegal ist. In der bisher größten multinationalen Studie in 10 Ländern zur Konkordanz der Diagnosesysteme wurde unter Verwendung der ICD-11 die Alkoholabhängigkeit ca. 10 % häufiger gestellt als mittels ICD-10.

Schlussfolgerung
In der ICD-11 werden die Diagnosen der Substanzabhängig und des Missbrauchs als klinisch sinnvolle Syndrome aufrechterhalten. Ob die diagnostischen Neuerungen in der Praxis hilfreich sind oder beispielsweise negative soziale Auswirkungen für die Betroffenen im Sinne unangemessener Pathologisierung mit sich bringen, ist systematisch zu prüfen.