bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of mitochondrial complex I stimulates chloroplast ATPase inPhyscomitrium patens
Authors: Mellon Marco , Storti Mattia , Vera-Vives Antoni M. , Kramer David M. , Alboresi Alessandro , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLight is the ultimate source of energy for photosynthetic organisms, but respiration is fundamental for supporting metabolism during the night or in heterotrophic tissues. In this work, we isolated Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens) plants with altered respiration by inactivating Complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by independently targeting on two essential subunits. Inactivation of CI caused a strong growth impairment even in fully autotrophic conditions in tissues where all cells are photosynthetically active, demonstrating that respiration is essential for photosynthesis. CI mutants showed alterations in the stoichiometry of respiratory complexes while the composition of photosynthetic apparatus was substantially unaffected. CI mutants showed altered photosynthesis with high activity of both Photosystems I and II, likely the result of high chloroplast ATPase activity that led to smaller ΔpH formation across thylakoid membranes, decreasing photosynthetic control on cytochrome b6f in CI mutants. These results demonstrate that alteration of respiratory activity directly impacts photosynthesis in P. patens and that metabolic interaction between organelles is essential in their ability to use light energy for growth.
Indirect Federal Subsidy and Tax Exportation through State and Local Tax Deduction: Understanding the Impact of the 2017 Tax Reform on State and Local Governments
Authors: Wu Yonghong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The deduction of certain state and local taxes (SALT) from the U.S. federal income tax base provides substantial amounts of indirect federal subsidy to state and local governments and also allows cross-state exportation of deductible state and local taxes. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) limits the SALT deduction and increases standard deduction per filer each year. This study examines the impact of TCJA on the distribution of this indirect federal subsidy and exportation of major state and local taxes. Using individual income tax data from the Internal Revenue Service, this research shows that the law narrows the disparity in states’ receipt of the indirect federal subsidy and reduces the capacity of high-tax states to export their taxes to other states. The findings shed light on the continued debate regarding the effectiveness and fairness of this important type of intergovernmental transfer in the United States.
Middle Jurassic origin in India: a new look at evolution of Vermileonidae and time-scaled relationships of lower brachyceran flies
Authors: Wang Liang , Ding Shuangmei , Cameron Stephen L , Li Xin , Liu Yue , Yao Gang , Yang Ding 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVermileonidae (wormlions) comprises 61 described species in 12 genera and is one of the oddest and most rarely collected dipteran families. Larvae of Vermileonidae are famous for their pitfall prey behaviour, whereas the adults are rarely seen. Here we report, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome from members of Vermileonidae. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on a representative sampling of the order reveals new insights into relationships between the Vermileonidae and other members of lower brachyceran flies. A sister-group relationship between Vermileonidae and Xylophagidae is supported, and the higher-level clade relationships are Tabanomorpha + (Muscomorpha + (Xylophagomorpha + Stratiomyomorpha)). Combining mitochondrial genome data with a morphological phylogeny, geographical distribution and geological history, we propose that the Vermileonidae originated in India during the Middle Jurassic, spreading to Africa via land bridges during the Late Jurassic, to the Palaearctic after the collision of India with Laurasia in the Late Oligocene, and to the Nearctic in the Early Miocene, via either North Atlantic or Beringian land bridges. Wet forested regions have proved to be barriers to their dispersal, explaining their absence from Central Africa, South America and eastern North America.
Bacterial Skin Infections in Hospitalized Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Li Furong , Bian Wenjie , Wu Yejun , Zhu Xuejun , Chen Xixue , Wang Mingyue 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To explore the features and risk factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in hospitalized patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP).

METHODS
Records were retrospectively reviewed for 110 hospitalized patients with BP admitted to Peking University First Hospital between 2013 and 2019. Bacterial species and drug resistance were assessed, and then the underlying risk factors for BSIs were evaluated.

RESULTS
Infections were present in 40% (44/110) of the patients. Staphylococcus aureus (72.7%, 32/44) was the most common bacterium, and it was highly resistant to penicillin (81.3%, 26/32), erythromycin (62.5%, 20/32), and clindamycin (56.3%, 18/32), but 100.0% sensitive to vancomycin and tigecycline. Coronary heart disease (P = .02; odds ratio [OR], 12.68), multisystem comorbidities (P = .02; OR, 3.67), hypoalbuminemia (P = .04; OR, 3.70), high levels of anti-BP180 antibodies (>112.4 U/mL; P = .003; OR, 6.43), and season (spring: reference; summer: P = .002; OR, 23.58; autumn: P = .02; OR, 12.19; winter: P = .02; OR, 13.19) were significantly associated with BSIs.

CONCLUSIONS
Hospitalized patients with BP had a high incidence of BSIs, and those patients with underlying risk factors require careful management to prevent and control BSIs.
A Framework to Assess Alarm Fatigue Indicators in Critical Care Staff
Authors: Claudio David , Deb Shuchisnigdha , Diegel Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
This article examines work-related and Personality personality factors that could influence health providers in experiencing alarm fatigue. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis to determine factors that may predict the potential of alarm fatigue in critical care staff.

DESIGN:
A questionnaire-based survey and an observational study were conducted to assess factors that could contribute to indicators of alarm fatigue.

INTERVENTIONS:
Factors included patient-to-staff ratio, criticality of the alarm, priority of different tasks, and personality traits.

SETTING:
The study was conducted at an eight-bed ICU in a mid-size hospital in Montana.

SUBJECTS:
Data were collected for six day shifts and six night shifts involving 24 critical care professionals. Within each 12-hour shift, six 15-minute intervals were randomly generated through work sampling for 6 days; a total of 1,080 observations were collected.

MEASUREMENTS:
Alarm fatigue was assessed with the subjective workload assessment technique and Boredom, Apathy, and Distrust Affects, which were measured through validated questionnaires. The Big Five Personality model was used to assess personality traits.

MAIN RESULTS:
Work factors including task prioritization, nurse-to-patient ratio, and length of shifts were associated with indicators of alarm fatigue. Personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were also associated.

CONCLUSIONS:
We recommend assessing personality traits for critical care staff to be aware of how their individualities can affect their behavior towards alarm fatigue. We also recommend an examination of alternative strategies to reduce alarm fatigue, including examining the use of breaks, work rotation, or shift reduction.
Modernizing Withdrawal Management Services
Authors: Mocanu Victor , Cowan Nicole , Klimas Jan , Ahamad Keith , Wood Evan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Alcohol, opioid, and stimulant withdrawal syndromes are serious clinical presentations, some of which can be life-threatening if untreated. Patients presenting with withdrawal syndromes offer an important opportunity for healthcare providers to ally in deciding the most appropriate treatment setting, safely treating withdrawal symptoms, preventing potentially severe medical complications, and facilitating a transition to longer-term low-barrier substance use care including, where available, psychosocial interventions, evidence-based pharmacotherapies, and referrals for primary care-based or specialist-led services. Given that substance use disorders are chronic biopsychosocial disorders commonly characterized by periods of relapse and remission, patients presenting in substance withdrawal deserve a long-term and holistic approach to management that cannot be simply achieved in short-term withdrawal management siloed and separate from a continuum of ongoing substance use care. With this in mind, this narrative review of withdrawal management literature describes recent advances and challenges in clinical care for patients in withdrawal from alcohol, opioids, and stimulants.

Les syndromes de sevrage liés à l’alcool, aux opioïdes et aux stimulants sont des manifestations cliniques graves, dont certaines peuvent mettre la vie en danger si elles ne sont pas traitées. Les patients présentant des syndromes de sevrage offrent aux fournisseurs de soins de santé une occasion importante de s’allier pour décider du cadre de traitement le plus approprié, traiter en toute sécurité les symptômes de sevrage, prévenir les complications médicales potentiellement graves et faciliter la transition vers des soins de consommation de substances à faible barrière à long terme, y compris, lorsque disponibles, interventions psychosociales, pharmacothérapies fondées sur des données probantes et aiguillage vers des services de soins primaires ou dirigés par des spécialistes. Étant donné que les troubles liés à l’usage de substances sont des troubles biopsychosociaux chroniques généralement caractérisés par des périodes de rechute et de rémission, les patients se présentant en sevrage de substances méritent une approche à long terme et holistique de la prise en charge qui ne peut être simplement réalisée dans une gestion du sevrage à court terme cloisonnée et séparée d’un continuum des soins continus liés à l’usage de substances. Dans cet esprit, cette revue narrative de la littérature sur la gestion du sevrage décrit les progrès récents et les défis dans les soins cliniques pour les patients en sevrage d’alcool, d’opioïdes et de stimulants.
Bone Cement Internal Auditory Canal Reconstruction to Reduce CSF Leak After Vestibular Schwannoma Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Zhang Lisa , Galaiya Deepa , Jackson Christopher M. , Tamargo Rafael J. , Lim Michael , Carey John , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To describe rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after reconstruction of the IAC with calcium phosphate bone cement during retrosigmoid resections of vestibular schwannomas.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 177 patients who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and opening of the internal auditory canal for resection of a vestibular schwannoma between January 2016 and September 2019 at a tertiary referral center. Patients with other cerebellopontine angle tumor histology, neurofibromatosis type II, or those undergoing revision surgeries were excluded.

Results:
Out of 177 patients, six patients (3.4%) developed postoperative rhinorrhea. Four patients (2.3%) were taken back to the OR for mastoidectomy and repair of CSF leak. Three of these patients were noted to have a CSF leak from the peri-labyrinthine air cells, and one was found to have a leak from the craniotomy site communicating with the mastoid air cells. Two patients were conservatively managed with diuretics and had resolution of their CSF leak. Six patients (3.4%) were readmitted for postoperative infection. Two patients were diagnosed with meningitis (1.1%), one aseptic and one H. Influenza, and three patients developed surgical site infections (1.6%). One patient was empirically treated with antibiotics and ultimately had a negative CSF culture.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that the use of calcium phosphate bone cement for IAC closure in retrosigmoid resection of vestibular schwannomas is a safe and effective technique with low rates of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea.
Natural History of Growing Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas During Observation: An International Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Carlson Matthew L. , Hunter Jacob B. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Haynes David S. , Link Michael J. , Lohse Christine M. , Reznitsky Martin , Stangerup Sven-Eric , Caye-Thomasen Per 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Active treatment of small- or medium-sized vestibular schwannoma during wait-and-scan management is currently recommended at most centers globally once growth is detected. The primary aim of the current study was to characterize the natural history of growing sporadic vestibular schwannoma during observation.

Study Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
Four tertiary referral centers across the United States and Denmark.

Patients:
Patients with two prior MRI scans demonstrating ≥2 mm of linear growth who continued observational management.

Intervention:
Observation with serial imaging.

Main Outcome Measure:
Subsequent linear growth-free survival (i.e., an additional ≥2 mm of growth) following initial growth of ≥2 mm from tumor size at diagnosis.

Results:
Among 3,402 patients undergoing observation, 592 met inclusion criteria. Median age at initial growth was 66 years (IQR 59–73) for intracanalicular tumors (N = 65) and 62 years (IQR 54–70) for tumors with cerebellopontine angle extension (N = 527). The median duration of MRI surveillance following initial detection of tumor growth was 5.2 years (IQR 2.4–6.9) for intracanalicular tumors and 1.0 year (IQR 1.0–3.3) for cerebellopontine angle tumors. For intracanalicular tumors, subsequent growth-free survival rates (95% CI; number still at risk) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years following the initial MRI that demonstrated growth were 77% (67–88; 49), 53% (42–67; 31), 46% (35–60; 23), 34% (24–49; 17), and 32% (22–47; 13), respectively. For cerebellopontine angle tumors, subsequent growth-free survival rates were 72% (68–76; 450), 47% (42–52; 258), 32% (28–38; 139), 26% (21–31; 82), and 22% (18–28; 57), respectively. For every 1 mm increase in magnitude of growth from diagnosis to tumor size at detection of initial growth, the HRs associated with subsequent growth were 1.64 (95% CI 1.25–2.15; p < 0.001) for intracanalicular tumors and 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.15; p = 0.02) for cerebellopontine angle tumors.

Conclusions:
Growth detected during observation does not necessarily portend future growth, especially for slowly growing tumors. Because early treatment does not confer improved long-term quality of life outcomes, toleration of some growth during observation is justifiable in appropriately selected cases.
Cochlear T2 Signal May Predict Hearing Outcomes After Resection of Acoustic Neuroma
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , McDonald Marin , Ren Yin , Moshtaghi Omid , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Examine the impact of preoperative cochlear Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition (FIESTA) and Constructive Interference in Steady State (CISS) signal intensity on hearing outcomes after middle cranial fossa (MCF) resection of acoustic neuroma (AN).

Methods:
Adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent MCF AN resection for hearing preservation (HP) between November 2017 and September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had preoperative word recognition score (WRS) ≥50%. HP was defined as postoperative WRS ≥50%. A neuroradiologist blinded to patients’ clinical and audiometric outcomes reviewed patients’ preoperative magnetic resonance images. Ipsilateral-to-contralateral cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal intensity ratios were determined using hand-drawn regions of interest focused on the cochlear fluid. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and WRS were reviewed.

Results:
Fifty-one patients were reviewed (60.8% female). Mean age was 47 years and mean tumor size 9.2 mm (±3.8). Hearing was preserved in 56.9% (n = 29). FIESTA/CISS signal ratios did not significantly differ between patients with and without HP. Lower FIESTA/CISS signal ratios correlated with greater declines in hearing (r = 0.322, p = 0.011 for PTA; and r = 0.384, p = 0.004 for WRS). On multivariate analysis accounting for tumor size and preoperative PTA/WRS, decreases in FIESTA/CISS signal ratios independently predicted greater declines in hearing by PTA (b = −100.9, p = 0.012) and WRS (b = 76.208), although the latter result was not statistically significant (p = 0.078).

Conclusions:
Cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal intensity may be a predictor of postoperative hearing loss after MCF AN resection. In this cohort, degraded preoperative cochlear FIESTA/CISS signal strongly predicted postoperative hearing loss.
Level of Evidence: IV.
Prevalence and Treatment Characteristics of Spastic Hypertonia on First-Time Admission to Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Dragojlovic Nikola , Romanoski Natasha L. , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Francisco Gerard E. 
Published: June 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to report the prevalence of spasticity and treatment patterns during first-time admission to inpatient rehabilitation after acute stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury.

Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
A review of 285 adult patients consecutively admitted to inpatient rehabilitation was conducted. Patients with a history of spasticity and inpatient rehabilitation course and those younger than 18 yrs were excluded. Main outcome measures are as follows: admitting diagnosis, length of stay, time from injury to admission, acute transfer rate, prevalence and severity of spasticity using Modified Ashworth Scale at admission and discharge, Functional Independence Measure scores at admission and discharge, Functional Independence Measure efficiency, and treatments for spasticity.

Results
Stroke patients had the highest prevalence of spasticity: 68% on admission and 50% at discharge. In traumatic brain injury, spasticity prevalence was 55% on admission and 30% at discharge. In spinal cord injury, spasticity prevalence was 48% on admission and 46% at discharge. Patients with spinal cord injury received the most medications to control spasticity, whereas those with traumatic brain injury and stroke received the most procedural interventions.

Conclusions
Spasticity is a common sequela of upper motor neuron injury for patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation. Early recognition and management are essential to prevent contractures, minimize pain, and maximize functional recovery.
Dynamic Serial Cytokine Measurements During Intravenous Ca-DTPA Chelation in Gadolinium Deposition Disease and Gadolinium Storage Condition
Authors: Maecker Holden T. , Siebert Janet C. , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Koran Lorrin M. , Ramalho Miguel , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of measuring early changes in serum cytokine levels after intravenous diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Ca-DTPA) chelation in patients manifesting either gadolinium deposition disease (GDD) or gadolinium storage condition (GSC) and the possible usefulness of this method in further research.

Methods
Four patients with recent-onset GDD (≤1 year) and 2 patients with long-standing GSC (4 and 9 years) underwent chelation with intravenous bolus administration of Ca-DTPA. Multiple blood draws were performed to measure serum cytokines: at T = 0 (before Ca-DTPA injection) and 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after Ca-DTPA injection. Patients rated the severity of GDD symptom flare at 24 hours. The 24-hour urine Gd amounts were measured prechelation and for the 24 hours after chelation. Serum samples were analyzed blind to whether patients had GDD or GSC but with knowledge of the time points characterizing each sample.

Results
Urine samples for both GDD and GSC patients showed increases in Gd postchelation. All GDD patients experienced flare reactions postchelation; the 2 GSC patients did not. Two cytokines, EGF and sCD40L, peaked at 30 minutes postchelation in at least 4 of the 6 participants. Three cytokines, ENA78/CXCL5, EOTAXIN/CCL11, and LEPTIN, peaked at 24 hours in at least 4 of the 6 participants. Two participants were high outliers for a large number of cytokines across time points. No clear distinction between GDD and GSC was apparent from the cytokine patterns, although differences were present.

Conclusions
This pilot study describes precise temporal resolution (in the range of minutes) after a cytokine-inciting event. Select cytokines exhibited peak values at different time points. At this preliminary stage of investigation, peak cytokine release seems to reflect the amount of Gd mobilized rather than the severity of the patient symptomatic reaction. Too few subjects were studied to support statistical analysis between GDD and GSC groups, although differences were observed through visual data analysis.
New Prospects for Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ineichen Benjamin V. , Beck Erin S. , Piccirelli Marco , Reich Daniel S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is growing interest in imaging multiple sclerosis (MS) through the ultra-high-field (UHF) lens, which currently means a static magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Because of higher signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced susceptibility effects, UHF magnetic resonance imaging improves conspicuity of MS pathological hallmarks, among them cortical demyelination and the central vein sign. This could, in turn, improve confidence in MS diagnosis and might also facilitate therapeutic monitoring of MS patients. Furthermore, UHF imaging offers unique insight into iron-related pathology, leptomeningeal inflammation, and spinal cord pathologies in neuroinflammation. Yet, limitations such as the longer scanning times to achieve improved resolution and incipient safety data on implanted medical devices need to be considered. In this review, we discuss applications of UHF imaging in MS, its advantages and limitations, and practical aspects of UHF in the clinical setting.
Fur seals do, but sea lions don't — cross taxa insights into exhalation during ascent from dives
Authors: Hooker Sascha K. , Andrews Russel D. , Arnould John P. Y. , Bester Marthán N. , Davis Randall W. , Insley Stephen J. , Gales Nick J. , Goldsworthy Simon D. , McKnight J. Chris 
Published: June 2021

Management of gases during diving is not well understood across marine mammal species. Prior to diving, phocid (true) seals generally exhale, a behaviour thought to assist with the prevention of decompression sickness. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) have a greater reliance on their lung oxygen stores, and inhale prior to diving. One otariid, the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), then exhales during the final 50–85% of the return to the surface, which may prevent another gas management issue: shallow-water blackout. Here, we compare data collected from animal-attached tags (video cameras, hydrophones and conductivity sensors) deployed on a suite of otariid seal species to examine the ubiquity of ascent exhalations for this group. We find evidence for ascent exhalations across four fur seal species, but that such exhalations are absent for three sea lion species. Fur seals and sea lions are no longer genetically separated into distinct subfamilies, but are morphologically distinguished by the thick underfur layer of fur seals. Together with their smaller size and energetic dives, we suggest their air-filled fur might underlie the need to perform these exhalations, although whether to reduce buoyancy and ascent speed, for the avoidance of shallow-water blackout or to prevent other cardiovascular management issues in their diving remains unclear.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)’.