bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferencja w przekładzie jako skutek wzajemnych oddziaływań języków (na przykładzie tłumaczeń tekstów z zakresu prawa w parze językowej polski–rosyjski)
Authors: Stec Wanda 
Published: February 2021

Interference Between Languages in Translation (Observations Based on Polish– Russian Translations of Legal Texts)This article considers the issue of language transfer in translation. External interference is one of the most common reasons behind the lack of equivalence between the source text and the target text. Negative transfer leads to the lack of linguistic correctness as well as to modifying or altering the meaning of the translated text. In the didactics of translation, the rationale behind identifying and analysing linguistic errors is to develop and improve translation skills. The issue in focus is presented based on translations of legal texts in the Polish–Russian language pair. Interferencja w przekładzie jako skutek wzajemnych oddziaływań języków (na przykładzie tłumaczeń tekstów z zakresu prawa w parze językowej polski–rosyjski)W tekście przedstawiono zagadnienia transferu językowego w przekładzie. Interferencja zewnętrzna uważana jest za jedną z podstawowych przyczyn zakłócenia ekwiwalencji między tekstem źródłowym a docelowym tłumaczenia. Transfer negatywny przyczynia się do braku poprawności językowej, modyfikacji czy zmiany sensu w przetłumaczonym tekście. W dydaktyce przekładu identyfikacja i analiza błędów służą wyrobieniu i doskonaleniu umiejętności translatorskich. Temat zaprezentowano na materiale tłumaczeń prawniczych w parze językowej polski–rosyjski.
Refleksja leksykograficzna w przedmowach do dawnych słowników przekładowych
Authors: Lenartowicz-Zagrodna Anna 
Published: February 2021

Reflection on Lexicography in Prefaces to Historical Translation DictionariesThis article aims to examine the scope of information included in prefaces to historical bilingual or trilingual dictionaries. An analysis of prefaces to eighteen Polish-Latin and Latin-Polish dictionaries made it possible to indicate the most frequently discussed issues: references to dictionaries by earlier authors; description of the addressee and the purpose of the dictionary, praise of the work; notes on the models on which it draws; comments on the concept and macrostructure of the dictionary; comments on the microstructure of the dictionary. As established, until the nineteenth century prefaces to such dictionaries were dominated by general comments, whereas detailed notes were not an obligatory element: they largely depended on the size of the dictionary – the more extensive the dictionary, the more details about its macro- and microstructure were discussed in the preface. Refleksja leksykograficzna w przedmowach do dawnych słowników przekładowychCelem analizy było ustalenie, jaki zakres wiadomości rejestrowały przedmowy do dawnych słowników przekładowych. Analiza przedmów do 18 słowników polsko-łacińskich i łacińsko-polskich pozwoliła wyodrębnić najczęściej pojawiające się zagadnienia: przywoływanie prac poprzedników; wskazanie adresata i celu wydania oraz pochwała słownika; uwagi dotyczące wykorzystanych pierwowzorów; uwagi na temat koncepcji i makrostruktury słownika; uwagi na temat mikrostruktury słownika. Ustalono, że do XIX wieku przeważały w słownikach uwagi ogólne, natomiast uwagi metasłownikowe nie były elementem obligatoryjnym i zależały w dużym stopniu od objętości słownika – im obszerniejszy był słownik, tym szczegółowiej omawiano w przedmowach jego makro- i mikrostrukturę.
Významové obměny a vývoj funkcí u příslovcí "dokona" a "dokonce" v barokní češtině
Authors: Klimešová Markéta 
Published: February 2021

Semantic Shifts and the Development of Functions of the Adverbs dokona and dokonce in Baroque CzechThe adverbs dokona and dokonce went through a similar process of etymological and semantic development. Both of them were relatively often used by Baroque authors to mean ‘úplně, zcela’ (‘fully, completely’), and – when used with negated verbs – ‘vůbec’ (‘at all’). Whereas dokona gradually became obsolete, dokonce is currently one of the most frequent means of expressing and emphasising graduation. Although these functions are not recorded in Jungmann’s dictionary, this article demonstrates that both dokona and dokonce had these features already in Baroque texts. It is evident, then, that the Baroque period is an important stage in the development of the Czech language, and that it must not be overlooked in linguistic studies. Zmiany semantyczne i rozwój funkcji przysłówków dokona i dokonce w czeszczyźnie barokowejProces rozwoju etymologicznego i semantycznego przysłówków dokona i dokonce był podobny. Obydwa były stosunkowo często używane przez autorów barokowych w znaczeniu ‘úplně, zcela’ (‘w pełni, całkowicie’), a w połączeniu z przeczeniem – w znaczeniu ‘vůbec’ (‘w ogóle’). O ile dokona stopniowo wyszło z użycia, dokonce jest obecnie jedną z najczęściej stosowanych form wyrażania i podkreślania gradacji. Choć takie użycie nie zostało odnotowane w słowniku Jungmanna, niniejszy artykuł wykazuje, że obydwa omawiane przysłówki pełniły te funkcje już w okresie baroku. Wydaje się zatem oczywiste, że ten okres jest istotnym etapem w rozwoju języka czeskiego i nie można go pomijać w analizach językoznawczych.
Świat roślin w leksyce gwarowej na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim (na materiale "Słownika gwary bielsko-podlaszskiej")
Authors: Mordań Michał 
Published: February 2021

The World of Plants in the Dialectal Lexis of the Polish- Belarusian Borderland: An Analysis of A Dictionary of the Local Dialect of the Bielsk Podlaski Region (Słownik gwary bielsko-podlaszskiej)This article presents a lexical analysis of vocabulary related to plants used in the Polish-Belarusian borderland. Source material comes from A Dictionary of the Local Dialect of the Bielsk Podlaski Region (Słownik gwary bielsko-podlaszskiej / Slovnik hovu͡оrki b’el’sko-pudl’ashskuĭ) by Mikołaj Wróblewski. The method of semantic fields applied in the study made it possible to identify the following groups: (1) trees and shrubs (јалу͡овец’, кл’у́ква, лішчы́на); (2) grasses, herbs and flowering plants, vines (гурчы́ц’а, кон’ушы́на, піры͡еј, хву͡ошчка); (3) fruits and vegetables (а́γрест, ры͡епа, сала́та, цібу́л’а, чорні́ц’а); (4) cereals (јачмі͡ен’, кукуру́за, ове́с); (5) mushrooms (дро́пл’а, мухомо́ра, сіроjі͡ежка); (6) parts of plants (гу͡ол’ка, корене́ц’, стебло́); (7) habitats and plant communities (бере́зінка, джу́нгліја, пере́лісок); (8) other nouns (омела́, по́росл’, садзо́нка); (9) features, properties (вул’хо́вы, доздры͡елы, оры͡еховы, прысо́хлы); (10) processes, activities (вкорені́тіс’е, вы́цвісті, зопры͡еті, позел’ені͡еті). Świat roślin w leksyce gwarowej na pograniczu polsko-białoruskim (na materiale Słownika gwary bielsko-podlaszskiej)W artykule dokonano charakterystyki słownictwa z pogranicza polsko-białoruskiego, dotyczącego świata roślin. Materiał źródłowy zaczerpnięto ze Słownika gwary bielsko-podlaszskiej (Словніка гову͡оркі б’ел’ско-пудл’ашскуј) Mikołaja Wróblewskiego. Przy opisie posłużono się metodą pól semantycznych, która pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie następujących grup: 1. drzewa i krzewy (јалу͡овец’, кл’у́ква, лішчы́на); 2. trawy, rośliny zielne i kwiatowe, pnącza (гурчы́ц’а, кон’ушы́на, піры͡еј, хву͡ошчка); 3. owoce i warzywa (а́γрест, ры͡епа, сала́та, цібу́л’а, чорні́ц’а); 4. zboża (јачмі͡ен’, кукуру́за, ове́с); 5. grzyby (дро́пл’а, мухомо́ра, сіроjі͡ежка); 6. części roślin (гу͡ол’ка, корене́ц’, стебло́); 7. miejsca, zbiorowości (бере́зінка, джу́нгліја, пере́лісок); 8. inne nazwy rzeczownikowe (омела́, по́росл’, садзо́нка); 9. cechy, właściwości (вул’хо́вы, доздры͡елы, оры͡еховы, прысо́хлы); 10. procesy, czynności (вкорені́тіс’е, вы́цвісті, зопры͡еті, позел’ені͡еті).
Słownik Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy z perspektywy łacińsko-polskiego słownictwa prawniczego
Authors: Trawińska Maria 
Published: February 2021

The Dictionary of Bartholomeus de Bydgostia from the Perspective of Latin-Polish Legal VocabularyThe aim of this article is to discuss relations between Latin and Polish at the lexical level. I present some difficulties in determining the meaning of words as exemplified by the legal vocabulary concerning the ius civile. The difficulties in question stem from the way Latin words are defined and from the nature of their Polish explications: the author of the dictionary specified Latin terms by means of synonymous Latin and Polish expressions. As a result, he produced sets of terms which refer to particular legal actions that are not further specified in the dictionary. Due to this use of loose Latin and Polish phrases and single words the meaning of some words cannot be precisely determined today. Słownik Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy z perspektywy łacińsko-polskiego słownictwa prawniczegoCelem artykułu jest omówienie łacińsko-polskich relacji na płaszczyźnie leksykalnej. Na przykładzie słownictwa prawniczego z zakresu ius civile ukazano trudności związane z ustaleniem znaczenia wyrazów. Wynikają one ze sposobu definiowania łacińskich haseł i charakteru polskich objaśnień. Polega to na określaniu łacińskich terminów za pomocą innych, bliskoznacznych wyrażeń – zarówno łacińskich, jak i polskich. W ten sposób powstały zbiory określeń, dla których wspólną cechą jest to, że odnoszą się do czynności prawnej bliżej niedookreślonej na kartach słownika. Obecność łaciny i polskiego w postaci luźnych wyrażeń i pojedynczych słów wskazuje, że języki te w omawianym zakresie nie tworzą spójnej całości. Z tego powodu nie można dziś precyzyjnie ustalić znaczenia wszystkich wyrazów.
Wybór publikacji Hienadzia Cychuna wyrazem wszechstronności zainteresowań slawistycznych autora
Authors: Kozłowska-Doda Jadwiga 
Published: February 2021

A Volume of Henadzʹ Tsykhun’s Selected Studies as a Testimony to His Wide-Ranging Interests in Slavic LinguisticsThis article is a review of Henadzʹ Tsykhun’s volume of selected studies entitled Prastora movy: Moŭnyia suviazi: Historyia sloŭ: vybranyia pratsy [Language Space, Language Connections, History of Words: Selected Studies]. The reviewed work describes issues of language contact, sociolinguistics, etymology and terminology. The volume concerns widely understood Slavic studies in both diachronic and synchronic aspects, with a special emphasis on the Belarusian language. Wybór publikacji Hienadzia Cychuna wyrazem wszechstronności zainteresowań slawistycznych autoraNiniejsza publikacja stanowi recenzję monografii Hienadzia Cychuna pt. Прастора мовы. Моўныя сувязі. Гісторыя слоў: выбраныя працы [Przestrzeń języka. Związki językowe. Historia słów. Wybrane opracowania]. Recenzowana praca opisuje zagadnienia kontaktów językowych, socjolingwistyki, etymologii oraz terminologii. Dotyczy szeroko rozumianej slawistyki zarówno w aspekcie diachronicznym, jak i synchronicznym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem języka białoruskiego.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Stability-Varying Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flow over Isolated Buildings
Authors: Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Sauer Jeremy A. , Steiner Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study explores the response of flow around isolated cuboid buildings to variations in the incoming turbulence arising from changes in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) stability using a building-resolving large-eddy simulation (LES) technique with explicit representation of building effects through an immersed body force method. An extensive suite of LES for a neutral ABL with different model resolution and advection scheme configurations reveals that at least 6, 12, and 24 grid points per building side are required in order to resolve building-induced vortex shedding, mean-flow features, and turbulence statistics, respectively, with an advection scheme of a minimum of third order. Using model resolutions that meet this requirement, 21 building-resolving simulations are performed under varying atmospheric stability conditions, from weakly stable to convective ABLs, and for different building sizes (H), resulting inLABL/H≈ 0.1–10, whereLABLis the integral length scale of the incoming ABL turbulence. The building-induced flow features observed in the canonical neutral ABL simulation, e.g., the upstream horseshoe vortex and the downstream arch vortex, gradually weaken with increasing surface-driven convective instability due to the enhancement of background turbulent mixing. As a result, two local turbulence kinetic energy peaks on the lateral side of the building in nonconvective cases are merged into a single peak in strong convective cases. By considering the ABL turbulence scale and building size altogether, it is shown that the building impact decreases with increasingLABL/H, as coherent turbulent structures in the ABL become more dominant over a building-induced flow response forLABL/H> 1.
The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Phase Dependence of Teleconnection between the North Atlantic Oscillation in February and the Tibetan Plateau in March
Authors: Li Jingyi , Li Fei , He Shengping , Wang Huijun , Orsolini Yvan J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP), referred to as the “Asian water tower,” contains one of the largest land ice masses on Earth. The local glacier shrinkage and frozen-water storage are strongly affected by variations in surface air temperature over the TP (TPSAT), especially in springtime. This study reveals that the relationship between the February North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and March TPSAT is unstable with time and regulated by the phase of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). The significant out-of-phase connection occurs only during the warm phase of AMV (AMV+). The results show that during the AMV+, the negative phase of the NAO persists from February to March, and is accompanied by a quasi-stationary Rossby wave train trapped along a northward-shifted subtropical westerly jet stream across Eurasia, inducing an anomalous adiabatic descent that warms the TP. However, during the cold phase of the AMV, the negative NAO cannot persist into March. The Rossby wave train propagates along the well-separated polar and subtropical westerly jets, and the NAO–TPSAT connection is broken. Further investigation suggests that the enhanced synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) interaction over the North Atlantic in February and March during the AMV+, caused by the southward-shifted storm track, helps maintain the NAO pattern via positive eddy feedback. This study provides a new detailed perspective on the decadal variability of the North Atlantic–TP connection in late winter to early spring.
Assessment of OTT Pluvio2 Rain Intensity Measurements
Authors: Saha Rupayan , Testik Firat Y. , Testik Murat C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the OTT Pluvio2 weighing precipitation gauge’s random and systematic error components as well as stabilization of the measurements on time-varying rainfall intensities (RI) under laboratory conditions. A highly precise programmable peristaltic pump that provided both constant and time-varying RI was utilized in the experiments. Abrupt, gradual step, and cyclic step changes in the RI values were evaluated. RI readings were taken in real time (RT) at different time resolutions (6–60 s) for the RI range of 6–70 mm h−1. Our analysis indicates that the lower threshold for the OTT Pluvio2’s real-time RI measurements should be redefined as 7 mm h−1 at a 1-min resolution. Tolerance intervals containing 95% of the repeated measurements with a probability of 0.95 are given. It is shown that the measurement variances are unequal over the range of RI and the measurement repeatability is not uniform. A statistically significant negative bias was observed for the RI values of 7 and 8 mm h−1, while there was not a statistically significant linearity problem. Through the use of statistical control limits, it is shown that means of the RI measurements stabilized on the actual RI value. A detailed investigation on RT bucket weight measurements revealed a time delay in bucket weight measurements, which causes notable errors in reported RI measurements under dynamic rainfall conditions. To demonstrate the potentiality of large errors in Pluvio2’s real-time RI measurements, a set of equations was developed that faithfully reproduced the Pluvio2’s internal (hidden) algorithm, and results from dynamic laboratory and in situ rainfall scenarios were simulated. The results of this investigation show the necessity of modifying the present Pluvio2 RI algorithm to enhance its performance and show the possibility of postprocessing the existing Pluvio2 RI datasets for improved measurement accuracies.
The Impact of Assimilating Satellite-Derived Layered Precipitable Water, Cloud Water Path, and Radar Data on Short-Range Thunderstorm Forecasts
Authors: Pan Sijie , Gao Jidong , Jones Thomas A. , Wang Yunheng , Wang Xuguang , Li Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the launch of GOES-16 in November 2016, effective utilization of its data in convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) has the potential to improve high-impact weather (HIWeather) forecasts. In this study, the impact of satellite-derived layered precipitable water (LPW) and cloud water path (CWP) in addition to NEXRAD observations on short-term convective-scale NWP forecasts are examined using three severe weather cases that occurred in May 2017. In each case, satellite-derived CWP and LPW products and radar observations are assimilated into the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model using the NSSL hybrid Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) analysis and forecast system. The system includes two components: the GSI-EnKF system and a deterministic 3DEnVAR system. This study examines deterministic 0–6-h forecasts launched from the hybrid 3DEnVAR analyses for the three severe weather events. Three types of experiments are conducted and compared: (i) the control experiment (CTRL) without assimilating any data, (ii) the radar experiment (RAD) with the assimilation of radar and surface observations, and (iii) the satellite experiment (RADSAT) with the assimilation of all observations including surface-, radar-, and satellite-derived CWP and LPW. The results show that assimilating additional GOES products improves short-range forecasts by providing more accurate initial conditions, especially for moisture and temperature variables.
Combinatorial therapy of chitosan hydrogel-based zinc oxide nanocomposite attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Afrasiabi Shima , Bahador Abbas , Partoazar Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Biofilm formation is an important causative factor in the expansion of the carious lesions in the enamel. Hence, new approaches to efficient antibacterial agents are highly demanded. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial-biofilm activity of chitosan hydrogel (CS gel), zinc oxide/ zeolite nanocomposite (ZnONC) either separately or combined together [ZnONC / CS gel (ZnONC-CS)] against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Results
MTT assay demonstrated that the ZnONC-CS exhibits a non-cytotoxic effect (> 90% cell viability) toward human gingival fibroblast cells at different dosages (78.1–625 μg/mL) within 72 h. In comparison with CS gel and ZnONC, ZnONC-CS was superior at biofilm formation and metabolic activity reduction by 33 and 45%, respectively; (P < 0.05). The field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the biofilms grown on the enamel slabs were largely in concordance with the quantitative biofilm assay results. Consistent with the reducing effect of ZnONC-CS on biofilm formation, the expression levels of gtfB, gtfC, and ftf significantly decreased.

Conclusions
Taken together, excellent compatibility coupled with an enhanced antimicrobial effect against S. mutans biofilm has equipped ZnONC-CS as a promising candidate for dental biofilm control.
Self-reported morbidities, nutritional characteristics, and associated factors in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults
Authors: Benksim Abdelhafid , Ait Addi Rachid , Khalloufi Elhassania , Habibi Aziz , Cherkaoui Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
As the world’s population ages and people live longer, it seems important to ensure that older people have a good quality of life and positive subjective well-being. The objective of this study is to determine socio-economic, health and nutritional characteristics of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders in the province of Marrakech.

Methods
This study was conducted among 368 older adults in the province of Marrakech between March 2017 and June 2019. Of all participants, 180 older adults reside in a public institution and 188 of them live in their own homes. Data on health conditions, nutritional status, functional and socio-economic characteristics were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 16.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Institutionalized elders were illiterate (80.0%), had low incomes (95.5%), and unmarried (73.3%), they reported also no children (56.1%) and no health insurance (98.9%). Institutional residents suffered from malnutrition (22.2%), hearing impairments (35.6%) and severe edentulism (43.3%). There was no significant difference between both groups on daily activities and depression. A multivariate analysis identified a model with three significant variables associated with non-institutionalized elders: health insurance (P = 0.001; OR = 107.49), number of children (P = 0.001; OR = 1.74) and nutritional status (p = 0.001; OR = 3.853).

Conclusions
This study shows that the institutionalization of older adults is considerably induced by various factors such as nutritional problems, lack of health insurance and family structure. To mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, home care strategies and preventive actions should be implemented to delay the institutionalization of older adults and therefore keep them socially active in their own homes.