bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Factors Associated With Student Resiliency
Authors: Hand Mikel W. , Evans Jennifer , Swenty Constance , White Ann , Chen Chen 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Student resiliency, success, and retention are top priorities for nursing programs.

Purpose:
The purpose of the cross-sectional descriptive study was to identify factors associated with the resiliency level and physical and mental health of nursing students.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used with a convenience sample of 199 nursing students from organizations that comprise the Community Patient Safety Coalition Nursing Research Consortium. Resiliency was measured with the Connor Davidson Resiliency Scale. Physical and mental health was measured with the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form.

Results:
Most of the nursing students in the sample were female (92%), White (94%), and in BSN programs (74.4%). Students had low resiliency (P < .0001) and low physical and mental health (P < .0001) compared with the general population.

Conclusions:
Student resilience was positively correlated to self-perception of physical and mental health.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in an Observational Cohort of Women With Mycoplasma genitalium Infections
Authors: Perin Jamie , Coleman Jenell S. , Ronda Jocelyn , Neibaur Erica , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Trent Maria 
Published: October 2021

Background
Despite evidence that Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in pregnancy, screening in pregnant women is not currently recommended.

Methods
Pregnant women between the ages of 13 and 29 years were recruited during their routine prenatal visits, screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and followed for 1 year. We compared women with MG to those with no STIs, excluding women with STIs other than MG (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG], or Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]) unless they were also codiagnosed with MG. Adverse outcomes were extracted from participants' medical records and compared between women with MG and those without STIs using exact or nonparametric approaches. Estimated differences were also adjusted for demographics using propensity scores with linear and logistic regression, where appropriate. We exclude women with MG and CT, NG, or TV diagnosis for primary analysis.

Results
Of 281 participants enrolled from September 2015 until July 2019, 51 (18.1%) were diagnosed with MG. Of 51 women with MG, 12 (24%) were also diagnosed with CT, NG, or TV. All women with MG were offered treatment with azithromycin; however, only 28 (55%) were documented to receive treatment. Women with MG had similar outcomes to those with no STIs with a few exceptions. Average birth weight was lower among women with MG alone compared with women with no STIs when excluding coinfections (169-g difference, 15–323).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that MG is common in pregnant women and often presents as a coinfection. More research using population-based designs is needed to determine whether screening or treatment for women at risk for low birth weight or coinfections is warranted.
Childhood Maltreatment and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Wan Anthony , Bernstein Charles N. , Graff Lesley A. , Patten Scott B. , Sareen Jitender , Fisk John D. , Bolton James M. , Hitchon Carol , Marriott James J. , Marrie Ruth Ann ,   for the CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Immune-mediated Inflammatory Disease
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine whether childhood maltreatment is associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs; multiple sclerosis [MS], inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]). We further aimed to determine the relationship between maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity in IMIDs and whether these relationships differed across IMID.

Methods
Six hundred eighty-one participants (MS, 232; IBD, 216; RA, 130; healthy controls, 103) completed a structured psychiatric interview to identify psychiatric disorders, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to evaluate five types of maltreatment: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. We evaluated associations between maltreatment, IMID, and psychiatric comorbidity using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
The prevalence of having ≥1 maltreatment was similar across IMID but higher than in controls (MS, 63.8%; IBD, 61.6%; RA, 62.3%; healthy controls, 45.6%). Emotional abuse was associated with having an IMID (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.37; 1.15–4.89). In the sex-specific analysis, this association was only present in women. History of childhood maltreatment was associated with a lifetime diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder in the IMID cohort (OR = 2.24; 1.58–3.16), but this association did not differ across diseases. In those with IMID, total types of maltreatments (aOR = 1.36; 1.17–1.59) and emotional abuse (aOR = 2.64; 1.66–4.21) were associated with psychiatric comorbidity.

Conclusions
Childhood maltreatment is more common in IMID than in a healthy population and is associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Given the high burden of psychiatric disorders in the IMID population, clinicians should be aware of the contribution of maltreatment and the potential need for trauma-informed care strategies.
Effect of a Biofeedback Intervention on Heart Rate Variability in Individuals With Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Herhaus Benedict , Siepmann Martin , Kahaly George J. , Conrad Rupert , Petrowski Katja 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Some individuals with panic disorder (PD) display reduced heart rate variability (HRV), which may result in an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Heart rate variability–biofeedback (HRV-BF) training has been shown to improve the modulation of the autonomic activity. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a 4-week HRV-BF intervention in individuals with PD. HRV-BF training improved the modulation of the autonomic activity. Therefore, with this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to investigate the effect of a 4-week HRV-BF intervention in people with PD.

Methods
Thirty-six women and 16 men with PD (mean age = 35.85 [15.60] years) were randomly allocated either to HRV-BF with 0.1-Hz breathing as intervention group or to HRV-Sham-BF as active control group. HRV-BF was performed for 4 weeks, whereas HRV was measured both during a short-term resting condition and during a paced breathing condition before and after intervention.

Results
HRV-BF with 0.1-Hz breathing increased HRV and reduced panic symptoms in individuals with PD. HRV-BF with 0.1-Hz breathing demonstrated an increase in the time and frequency domain parameters of HRV during the short-term resting condition (ΔPost-Pre root mean square successive differences: 5.87 [14.03] milliseconds; ΔPost-Pre standard deviation of all NN intervals: 11.63 [17.06] milliseconds; ΔPost-Pre total power: 464.88 [1825.47] milliseconds2; ΔPost-Pre power in low-frequency range 0.04–0.15 Hz: 312.73 [592.71] milliseconds2), a decrease in the heart rate during the paced breathing condition (ΔPost-Pre: −5.87 [9.14] beats/min), and a decrease in the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (ΔPost-Pre: −3.64 [6.30]). There was no intervention effect in the HRV-Sham-BF group.

Conclusions
HRV-BF as a noninvasive and nonpharmacological treatment seems to be an important intervention option to improve reduced HRV and decrease panic symptoms in individuals with PD. Future studies are needed to establish whether these effects translate to reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease in PD.
Systemic Inflammation and Cognitive Decrements in Patients With Stage B Heart Failure
Authors: Redwine Laura S. , Hong Suzi , Kohn Jordan , Martinez Claudia , Hurwitz Barry E. , Pung Meredith A. , Wilson Kathleen , Pruitt Christopher , Greenberg Barry H. , Mills Paul J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the role of systemic inflammation in reduced cognitive functioning in patients with early-stage heart failure (HF) while determining associations with other cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
Patients with stage B HF (n = 270; mean [standard deviation] age = 66.1 [10.1] years) were examined cross-sectionally for relationships among cardiovascular disease (CVD) and psychological risk factors, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. A subsample (n = 83) at high risk for stage C HF (B-type natriuretic peptide levels ≥65 pg/ml) were followed up for 12 months for relationships between CRP levels and cognitive function.

Results
Baseline smoking (χ
2 = 6.33), unmarried (χ
2 = 12.0), hypertension (χ
2 = 5.72), greater body mass index (d = 0.45), and physical fatigue (d = 0.25) were related to higher CRP levels (p values < .05). Cross-sectionally, CRP levels were negatively related to MoCA scores, beyond CVD (ΔR
2 = 0.022, β = −0.170, p < .010) and psychological risk factors (ΔR
2 = 0.016, β = 0.145, p < .027), and related to mild cognitive impairment criteria (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.81, p = .046). Across 12 months, B-type natriuretic peptide high-risk patients with CRP levels ≥3 mg/L had lower MoCA scores (23.6; 95% CI = 22.4–24.8) than did patients with CRP levels <3 mg/L (25.4; 95% CI = 24.4–26.5; p = .024).

Conclusions
Patients with stage B HF and heightened CRP levels had greater cognitive impairment at baseline and follow-up, independent of CVD and potentially psychological risk factors. Low-grade systemic inflammation may be one mechanism involved in cognitive dysfunction at early stages of HF.
Single Oral Doses of MK-8507, a Novel Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Suppress HIV-1 RNA for a Week
Authors: Schürmann Dirk , Jackson Rudd Deanne , Schaeffer Andrea , De Lepeleire Inge , Friedman Evan J. , Robberechts Martine , Zhang Saijuan , Liu Yang , Kandala Bhargava , Keicher Christian , Däumer Martin , Hofmann Jörg , Grobler Jay A. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian , Ankrom Wendy 
Published: October 2021

Background:
MK-8507 is a novel HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed for treatment of HIV-1 infection. MK-8507 has high antiviral potency in vitro and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties that support once-weekly dosing.

Setting:
A phase 1, open-label, proof-of-concept study was conducted in treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection to assess monotherapy antiviral activity.

Methods:
In 3 sequential panels, participants aged 18–60 years with baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥10,000 copies/mL and CD4+ T-cell count >200/mm3 received a single oral dose of 40, 80, or 600 mg MK-8507 in the fasted state. Participants were assessed for HIV-1 RNA for at least 7 days, PKs for 14 days, and safety and tolerability for 21 days postdose.

Results:
A total of 18 participants were enrolled (6 per panel). The mean 7-day postdose HIV-1 RNA reduction ranged from ∼1.2 to ∼1.5 log10 copies/mL across the doses assessed. One patient had a viral rebound associated with emergence of an F227C reverse transcriptase variant (per chain-termination method sequencing) 14 days postdose; this variant was found in a second participant by ultra-deep sequencing as an emerging minority variant. MK-8507 PKs were generally dose-proportional and similar to observations in participants without HIV-1 infection in prior studies; mean MK-8507 half life was 56–69 hours in this study. MK-8507 was generally well tolerated at all doses.

Conclusions:
The robust antiviral activity, PK, and tolerability of MK-8507 support its continued development as part of a complete once weekly oral regimen for HIV-1 treatment; combination therapy could mitigate the emergence of resistance-associated variants.
FDG PET/CT Image of a Solitary Rib Hamartoma
Authors: Xiao Liu , Yang Liu , Li Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hamartoma of the rib is very rare in adults. Herein, we report a 49-year-old woman who complained of chest pain for 1 month. FDG PET/CT revealed focal osteolytic bone destruction in the right 11th rib with elevated FDG uptake. The postoperative pathology supported the diagnosis of hamartoma. Our case shows that hamartoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when there is solitary osteolytic bone destruction in the rib with intense FDG uptake.
18F-FDG Versus 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Visualizing Primary Hepatic Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Pang Yizhen , Zhao Long , Shang Qihang , Meng Tinghua , Chen Haojun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas is extremely low. In this case, we present 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in a 76-year-old man with pathologically confirmed primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a better tumor-to-background ratio than 18F-FDG PET/CT in the hepatic lesion because there is little 68Ga-FAPI uptake in the liver parenchyma. This case indicates that 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be an alternate method for evaluating hepatic involvement of lymphoma, especially for the non–FDG-avid lymphomas.
Prominent Cognitive Impairment Sequelae in Adult Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Peach Brian C. , Cooney Samantha , Richards Sadie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The primary objective of this scoping review was to identify prominent cognitive impairment sequelae in adult survivors of an intensive care unit admission for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design
A scoping review was performed.

Methods
Search terms were entered into multiple EBSCOhost databases. Articles pertaining to pediatric survivors, not in English, lacking cognitive impairment sequelae, or focused on a single sequela were excluded; 12 articles remained.

Results
Cognitive impairment developed in 83.5% of patients with ARDS prior to discharge and persisted in 51.3% (n = 300/585) of survivors at the 1 year mark after discharge (range: 16.7%–100% across studies). Prominent sequelae included impairments in executive function, mental processing speed, immediate memory, and attention/concentration.

Conclusions
Survivors of an intensive care unit stay for ARDS often develop cognitive impairment persisting long after their admission. Clinicians in rehabilitation facilities should screen for these sequelae and connect survivors with treatment to improve cognitive outcomes.

Clinical Relevance
Early recognition of prominent cognitive impairment sequelae by rehabilitation clinicians and referrals to neuropsychologists by providers are critical to limiting the severity of impairment.
Genetics in prostate cancer: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Szymaniak Brittany , Ross Ashley E. , Morgans Alicia K. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Recent advances in our understanding of prostate cancer genetics have transformed the field. However, challenges in implementation and clinical application remain. The aim of this review is to discuss recent noteworthy publications in prostate cancer germline testing, genetically informed treatment, and polygenetic risk.

Recent findings
The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of two poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose inhibitors (olaparib and rucaparib) for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with mutations in DNA damage repair genes and updates to the National Cancer Center Network testing guidelines that expand the eligibility criteria for germline and somatic genetic testing in men with prostate cancer provide an opportunity for a larger portion of the prostate cancer population to access genetic testing and targeted therapies. Due to this, clinicians have needed to rapidly adapt their clinical workflows. Further, the field has renewed efforts to evaluate polygenetic risk profiles to better understand the complex genetic landscape beyond single genes.

Summary
This review highlights advances in the understanding of prostate cancer genetics, and areas that remain less well defined. Collaboration between multidisciplinary team members is necessary to move this field forward and provide quality, optimal care.
One-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic COVID-19 in a vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: test-negative design study
Authors: Ranzani Otavio T , Silva Amanda A B , Peres Igor T , Antunes Bianca B P , Gonzaga-da-Silva Thiago W , Soranz Daniel R , Cerbino-Neto José , Hamacher Silvio , Bozza Fernando A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWe conducted a test-negative study design at the community “Complexo da Maré”, the largest group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, when Gamma and Delta were the predominant variants circulating. We estimated 42.4% (95% CI, 24.6, 56.0) protection against symptomatic COVID-19 after 21 days of one dose of ChAdOx1.
Impact of routine asymptomatic screening on COVID-19 incidence in a highly vaccinated university population
Authors: Falcão Rebeca C. , Otterstatter Michael , Ahmed May A. , Spencer Michelle , Iyaniwura Sarafa , Janjua Naveed Z. , McKee Geoff , Irvine Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the return of in-person classes, an understanding of COVID-19 transmission in vaccinated university campuses is essential. Given the context of high anticipated vaccination rates and other measures, there are outstanding questions of the potential impact of campus-based asymptomatic screening.MethodsWe estimated the expected number of cases and hospitalizations in one semester using rates derived for British Columbia (BC), Canada up to September 15th, 2021 and age-standardizing to a University population. To estimate the expected number of secondary cases averted due to routine tests of unvaccinated individuals in a BC post-secondary institution, we used a probabilistic model based on the incidence, vaccination effectiveness, vaccination coverage and R0. We examined multiple scenarios of vaccine coverage, screening frequency, and pre-vaccination R0.ResultsFor one 12 week semester, the expected number of cases is 67 per 50,000 for 80% vaccination coverage and 37 per 50,000 for 95% vaccination coverage. Screening of the unvaccinated population averts an expected 6-16 cases per 50,000 at 80% decreasing to 1-2 averted cases per 50,000 at 95% vaccination coverage for weekly to daily screening. Further scenarios can be explored using a web-based application.InterpretationRoutine screening of unvaccinated individuals may be of limited benefit if vaccination coverage is 80% or greater within a university setting.
Explosive Synchronization-Based Brain Modulation Reduces Hypersensitivity in The Brain Network: A Computational Model Study
Authors: Kim MinKyung , Harris Richard E. , DaSilva Alexandre F. , Lee UnCheol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that is characterized by hypersensitivity to multi-modal sensory stimuli, widespread pain, and fatigue. We have previously proposed explosive synchronization (ES), a phenomenon wherein a small perturbation to a network can lead to an abrupt state transition, as a potential mechanism of the hypersensitive FM brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that converting a brain network from ES to general synchronization (GS) may reduce the hypersensitivity of FM brain. To find an effective brain network modulation to convert ES into GS, we constructed a large-scale brain network model near criticality (i.e., an optimally balanced state between order and disorders), which reflects brain dynamics in conscious wakefulness, and adjusted two parameters: local structural connectivity and signal randomness of target brain regions. The network sensitivity to global stimuli was compared between the brain networks before and after the modulation. We found that only increasing the local connectivity of hubs (nodes with intense connections) changes ES to GS, reducing the sensitivity, whereas other types of modulation such as decreasing local connectivity, increasing and decreasing signal randomness are not effective. This study would help to develop a network mechanism-based brain modulation method to reduce the hypersensitivity in FM.Author summaryPhase transitions, the physical processes of transition between system states in nature, are divided into two broad categories: first and second-order phase transitions. For example, boiling water presents abrupt transition (a first-order) along with high sensitivity to temperature change, distinct from gradual magnetization near Curie temperature (a second-order). Recently, we found that chronic pain shows specific brain network configurations that can induce the first-order transition, so-called ‘explosive synchronization.’ In this modeling study, we tried to identify a modulation method that can convert a first-order transition into a second-order transition in the brain network, expecting that it may inhibit the hypersensitivity in chronic pain. We found that increasing structural connectivity of hubs changes the type of phase transition in the brain network, significantly reducing network sensitivity.
Putting pesticides on the map for pollinator research and conservation
Authors: Douglas Margaret R. , Baisley Paige , Soba Sara , Kammerer Melanie , Lonsdorf Eric V. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWild and managed pollinators are essential to food production and the function of natural ecosystems; however, their populations are threatened by multiple stressors including pesticide use. Because pollinator species can travel hundreds to thousands of meters to forage, recent research has stressed the importance of evaluating pollinator decline at the landscape scale. However, scientists’ and conservationists’ ability to do this has been limited by a lack of accessible data on pesticide use at relevant spatial scales and in toxicological units meaningful to pollinators. Here, we synthesize information from several large, publicly available datasets on pesticide use patterns, land use, and toxicity to generate novel datasets describing pesticide use by active ingredient (kg, 1997-2017) and aggregate insecticide load (kg and honey bee lethal doses, 1997-2014) for state-crop combinations in the contiguous U.S. Furthermore, by linking pesticide datasets with land-use data in the contiguous United States, we describe a method to map pesticide indicators at spatial scales relevant to pollinator research and conservation.