bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHC Class II Antigen Presentation by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Tumors Promotes Intratumoral Regulatory T cell–Suppressive Functions
Authors: Gkountidi Anastasia O. , Garnier Laure , Dubrot Juan , Angelillo Julien , Harlé Guillaume , Brighouse Dale , Wrobel Ludovic J. , Pick Robert , Scheiermann Christoph , Swartz Melody A. , Hugues Stéphanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral solid malignancies trigger lymphangiogenesis, facilitating metastasis. Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels significantly contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we have investigated the ability of tumoral lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) to function as MHC class II–restricted antigen-presenting cells in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Using murine models of lymphangiogenic tumors engrafted under the skin, we have shown that tumoral LECs upregulate MHC class II and the MHC class II antigen-processing machinery, and that they promote regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion ex vivo. In mice with LEC-restricted lack of MHC class II expression, tumor growth was severely impaired, whereas tumor-infiltrating effector T cells were increased. Reduction of tumor growth and reinvigoration of tumor-specific T-cell responses both resulted from alterations of the tumor-infiltrating Treg transcriptome and phenotype. Treg-suppressive functions were profoundly altered in tumors lacking MHC class II in LECs. No difference in effector T-cell responses or Treg phenotype and functions was observed in tumor-draining lymph nodes, indicating that MHC class II–restricted antigen presentation by LECs was required locally in the TME to confer potent suppressive functions to Tregs. Altogether, our study suggests that MHC class II–restricted antigen-presenting tumoral LECs function as a local brake, dampening T cell–mediated antitumor immunity and promoting intratumoral Treg-suppressive functions.
Framework to Classify Reverse Cardiac Remodeling With Mechanical Circulatory Support: The Utah-Inova Stages
Authors: Shah Palak , Psotka Mitchell , Taleb Iosif , Alharethi Rami , Shams Mortada A. , Wever-Pinzon Omar , Yin Michael , Latta Federica , Stehlik Josef , Fang James C. , Diao Guoqing , Singh Ramesh , Ijaz Naila , Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Zhu Wei , May Christopher W. , Cooper Lauren B. , Desai Shashank S. , Selzman Craig H. , Kfoury Abdallah G. , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Variable definitions and an incomplete understanding of the gradient of reverse cardiac remodeling following continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has limited the field of myocardial plasticity. We evaluated the continuum of LV remodeling by serial echocardiographic imaging to define 3 stages of reverse cardiac remodeling following LVAD.

Methods:
The study enrolled consecutive LVAD patients across 4 study sites. A blinded echocardiographer evaluated the degree of structural (LV internal dimension at end-diastole [LVIDd]) and functional (LV ejection fraction [LVEF]) change after LVAD. Patients experiencing an improvement in LVEF ≥40% and LVIDd ≤6.0 cm were termed responders, absolute change in LVEF of ≥5% and LVEF <40% were termed partial responders, and the remaining patients with no significant improvement in LVEF were termed nonresponders.

Results:
Among 358 LVAD patients, 34 (10%) were responders, 112 (31%) partial responders, and the remaining 212 (59%) were nonresponders. The use of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure was higher in partial responders and responders. Structural changes (LVIDd) followed a different pattern with significant improvements even in patients who had minimal LVEF improvement. With mechanical unloading, the median reduction in LVIDd was −0.6 cm (interquartile range [IQR], −1.1 to −0.1 cm; nonresponders), −1.1 cm (IQR, −1.8 to −0.4 cm; partial responders), and −1.9 cm (IQR, −2.9 to −1.1 cm; responders). Similarly, the median change in LVEF was −2% (IQR, −6% to 1%), 9% (IQR, 6%–14%), and 27% (IQR, 23%–33%), respectively.

Conclusions:
Reverse cardiac remodeling associated with durable LVAD support is not an all-or-none phenomenon and manifests in a continuous spectrum. Defining 3 stages across this continuum can inform clinical management, facilitate the field of myocardial plasticity, and improve the design of future investigations.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Deficit Volumes Predict Functional Outcome in Patients With Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Fabritius Matthias P. , Tiedt Steffen , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Grosu Sergio , Maurus Stefan , Schwarze Vincent , Rübenthaler Johannes , Stueckelschweiger Lena , Ricke Jens , Liebig Thomas , Kellert Lars , Feil Katharina , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Reidler Paul 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Basilar artery occlusion is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Optimal imaging and treatment strategy are still controversial and prognosis estimation challenging. We, therefore, aimed to determine the predictive value of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters for functional outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion in the context of endovascular treatment.

Methods:
Patients with basilar artery occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment were selected from a prospectively acquired cohort. Ischemic changes were assessed with the posterior-circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score on noncontrast computed tomography, computed tomography angiography (CTA) source images, and CTP maps. Basilar artery on CTA score, posterior-circulation CTA score, and posterior-circulation collateral score were evaluated on CTA. Perfusion deficit volumes were quantified on CTP maps. Good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≤3 at 90 days. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristics analyses.

Results:

Among 49 patients who matched the inclusion criteria, 24 (49.0%) achieved a good outcome. In univariate analysis, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission, posterior cerebral artery involvement, absence of or hypoplastic posterior communicating arteries, basilar artery on CTA score, posterior-circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score, and perfusion deficit volumes on all CTP parameter maps presented significant association with functional outcome (
P
<0.05). In multivariate analyses, Basilar artery on CTA score, posterior-circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score (odds ratio range, 1.31–2.10 [95% CI, 1.00–7.24]), and perfusion deficit volumes on all CTP maps (odds ratio range, 0.77–0.98 [95% CI, 0.63–1.00]) remained as independent outcome predictors. Cerebral blood flow deficit volume yielded the best performance for the classification of good clinical outcome with an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.84–0.99). Age and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale had lower discriminatory power (area under the curve, <0.7).

Conclusions:
CTP imaging parameters contain prognostic information for functional outcome in patients with stroke due to basilar artery occlusion and may identify patients with higher risk of disability at an early stage of hospitalization.
Comparison of the effect of red light exposure and eyestalk ablation for inducing sexual maturation and improving egg quality in the cleaner shrimp Lysmata amboinensis
Authors: Song Jin Ah , Kho Kang Hee , Park Young-Su , Choi Ji Yong , Choi Cheol Young 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Female cleaner shrimps Lysmata amboinensis either underwent eyestalk ablations (EA), or were treated with two different wavelength intensities of red light (peak at 630 nm), and then their sex maturation and the effects on their egg quality parameters were compared. Vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), vitellogenin (VTG), VTG-receptor (VTG-R), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) expressions in the hepatopancreas were analysed. VTG-R expression (in situ) levels that caused the EA and red irradiation to induce the synthesis of VTG-R were assessed, and the triglycerides (TG) and glucose levels in the eggs were analysed. VIH expression was decreased in all experimental groups, but VTG and VTG-R expressions were increased. CHH expression and TG and glucose concentrations were higher in the red irradiation group, compared to the EA group. These results confirmed that the red light not only had a positive effect on the promotion of sex maturation, but it also improved the quality of the eggs, when compared to the EA method.
The Use of Data as Evidence in Dutch Criminal Courts
Authors: Custers Bart , Stevens Lonneke 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Digital traces that people leave behind in our digitalized society can be useful evidence in criminal courts. The central question of this article (how is the use of data as evidence in Dutch criminal courts regulated and, considering how these courts deal with such data as evidence in practice, what is needed?) is answered by analyzing the relevant legal frameworks for processing data in Dutch criminal courts: criminal law and data protection law. Next, current court practices are examined, by looking at typical case law and current developments in society and technology. Comparing the legal framework and actual practices, we conclude that the existing legal framework in the Netherlands does not obstruct the collection of data for evidence, but that regulation on collection (in criminal law) and regulation on processing and analysis (in data protection law) are not integrated. Remarkable is the almost complete absence of regulation of automated data analysis – in contrast with the many rules for data collection.
The Implementation of the European Prison Rules Regarding Education in Belgium and Ireland
Authors: Spolverato Giorgia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reintegration of prisoners into community life is more than one of the desired outcomes of detention; it is a right. A long-standing tradition of international standards has been developed over time to regulate individualised reintegration plans, based on learning and working activities, relations with the outside world and assistance post-release. The European Prison Rules – adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe – are an outstanding result of this normative production. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the implementation of international standards on prison education in Belgium and Ireland. The analysis of law, practices and domestic data points out the features of the prison education services in the two countries. Eventually, interviewing experts in the field allowed illustrating the initiatives that Belgium and Ireland are undertaking to respond to some current obstacles that the delivery of educational activities is facing. This research shows that despite the efforts of the two countries to comply with international standards on prison education, inadequate detention conditions – characterised by scarcity of resources and lack of specialised staff – hamper the reintegration of prisoners.
Patronage and Productions of Paintings and Albums in 18th-Century Awadh
Authors: Imbert Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the 18th century, Faizābād and Lucknow became strategic centres of painting production in Northern India. Encouraged by the patronage of European collectors, but most probably by unnamed Indian patrons as well, the region experienced an intense period marked by the large number of albums and paintings in circulation. Based on the in-depth analysis of a selection of albums, paintings, and manuscripts, this article aims to highlight the evolution of compilation practices and painting productions. Full-page flower paintings, in particular, became increasingly popular in muraqqaʿ, to the point where calligraphic panels were completely replaced by colourful plants. Floral designs also appear in the margins, and the repetition of motives and patterns on several pages of different dimensions revealed an extensive commercialization based on a standardized production. In addition, the collections of European collectors such as Antoine-Louis Polier and Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gentil bear the traces of commercial transactions between European and Indian collectors, as well as prices and possession marks. Together with their writings, correspondences, and memoirs, they bring new information on previously unknown Indian collectors, and more generally on the dynamism of the 18th-century book market.
Madd as Orthoepy Rather Than Orthography
Authors: van Putten Marijn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the function and distribution of the maddah sign throughout the history of the Islamic manuscript tradition. It demonstrates that, to date, descriptions have not adequately described its use, and it shows that rather than being a part of Classical Arabic orthography, medieval sources clearly indicate that the maddah sign was specifically used to express an orthoepic feature of Classical Arabic prose, namely madd, the pronunciation of vowels as overlong.
A searchlight on daily bread (Matthew 6:11)
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan M. 
Published: May 2021

Translations of Matt. 6:11 presuppose, erroneously, that the prayer was for material bread. The distinction between literal and metaphorical bread prevents this petition from being banal, out of keeping with the remainder of the prayer. Biblical texts which restore the true meaning include Deut. 8:3 and Isa. 55:1-4.
Current Jewish imagery identified lehem/artos as (1) the Law and so (2) a fine comestible. John 6:32-54 relies on this. The basic idea having been recovered, the problem of epiousios remains. Aramaic idiom lies behind it, unintelligible to non-Jews. One thinks of mêmra’ which means both the Word and its Author. A paraphrase, not a translation is called for. Metaphorical ‘bread’ would ensure life, membership of the Kingdom and obedience to the Will. Could a Greek neologism manage this? Epiousios could have meant ‘essential’.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals an association of gibel carp fatty liver with ferroptosis pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Juan , Zhou Li , Lu Wei-Jia , Du Wen-Xuan , Mi Xiang-Yuan , Li Zhi , Li Xi-Yin , Wang Zhong-Wei , Wang Yang , Duan Ming , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Fatty liver has become a main problem that causes huge economic losses in many aquaculture modes. It is a common physiological or pathological phenomenon in aquaculture, but the causes and occurring mechanism are remaining enigmatic.

Methods
Each three liver samples from the control group of allogynogenetic gibel carp with normal liver and the overfeeding group with fatty liver were collected randomly for the detailed comparison of histological structure, lipid accumulation, transcriptomic profile, latent pathway identification analysis (LPIA), marker gene expression, and hepatocyte mitochondria analyses.

Results
Compared to normal liver, larger hepatocytes and more lipid accumulation were observed in fatty liver. Transcriptomic analysis between fatty liver and normal liver showed a totally different transcriptional trajectory. GO terms and KEGG pathways analyses revealed several enriched pathways in fatty liver, such as lipid biosynthesis, degradation accumulation, peroxidation, or metabolism and redox balance activities. LPIA identified an activated ferroptosis pathway in the fatty liver. qPCR analysis confirmed that gpx4, a negative regulator of ferroptosis, was significantly downregulated while the other three positively regulated marker genes, such as acsl4, tfr1 and gcl, were upregulated in fatty liver. Moreover, the hepatocytes of fatty liver had more condensed mitochondria and some of their outer membranes were almost ruptured.

Conclusions
We reveal an association between ferroptosis and fish fatty liver for the first time, suggesting that ferroptosis might be activated in liver fatty. Therefore, the current study provides a clue for future studies on fish fatty liver problems.
Simultaneous gene expression and multi-gene silencing in Zea mays using maize dwarf mosaic virus
Authors: Xie Wenshuang , Marty Dee Marie , Xu Junhuan , Khatri Nitika , Willie Kristen , Moraes Wanderson Bucker , Stewart Lucy R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, infects maize and is non-persistently transmitted by aphids. Several plant viruses have been developed as tools for gene expression and gene silencing in plants. The capacity of MDMV for both gene expression and gene silencing were examined.

Results
Infectious clones of an Ohio isolate of MDMV, MDMV OH5, were obtained, and engineered for gene expression only, and for simultaneous marker gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of three endogenous maize target genes. Single gene expression in single insertion constructs and simultaneous expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and silencing of three maize genes in a double insertion construct was demonstrated. Constructs with GFP inserted in the N-terminus of HCPro were more stable than those with insertion at the N-terminus of CP in our study. Unexpectedly, the construct with two insertion sites also retained insertions at a higher rate than single-insertion constructs. Engineered MDMV expression and VIGS constructs were transmissible by aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi).

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that MDMV-based vector can be used as a tool for simultaneous gene expression and multi-gene silencing in maize.
Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection: An alternative resection modality for large laterally spreading tumors in the cecum?
Authors: Wang Xiang-Yao , Chai Ning-Li , Zhai Ya-Qi , Li Long-Song , Wang Zan-Tao , Zou Jia-Le , Shi Yong-Sheng , Linghu En-Qiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic resection for large, laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) in the cecum is challenging. Here we report on the clinical outcomes of hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in large cecal LSTs.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with cecal LSTs ≥ 2 cm who underwent ESD or hybrid ESD procedures between January of 2008 and June of 2019. We compared the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes, including procedure time, the en bloc and complete resection rates, and adverse events.

Results
A total of 62 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 27 patients in the ESD group and 35 patients in the hybrid ESD group, respectively. Hybrid ESD was more used for lesions with submucosal fibrosis. No other significant differences were found in patient characteristics between the two groups. The hybrid ESD group had a significantly shorter procedure time compared with the ESD group (27.60 ± 17.21 vs. 52.63 ± 44.202 min, P = 0.001). The en bloc resection rate (77.1% vs. 81.5%, P = 0.677) and complete resection rate (71.4% vs. 81.5%, P = 0.359) of hybrid ESD were relatively lower than that of the ESD group in despite of no significant difference was found. The perforation and post-procedure bleeding rate (2.9% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.684) were similar between the two groups. One patient perforated during the ESD procedure, which was surgically treated. One patient in the hybrid ESD group experienced post-procedure bleeding, which was successfully treated with endoscopic hemostasis. Post-procedural fever and abdominal pain occurred in six patients in the ESD group and five patients in the hybrid ESD group. One patient in the ESD group experienced recurrence, which was endoscopically resected.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that hybrid ESD may be an alternative resection strategy for large cecal LSTs with submucosal fibrosis.
The feasibility of modified HIV and antiretroviral drug testing using self-collected dried blood spots from men who have sex with men
Authors: Luo Wei , Sullivan Vickie , Chavez Pollyanna R. , Wiatrek Sarah E. , Zlotorzynska Maria , Martin Amy , Rossetti Rebecca , Sanchez Travis , Sullivan Patrick , MacGowan Robin J. , Owen S. Michele , Masciotra Silvina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In the US, one in six men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV are unaware of their HIV infection. In certain circumstances, access to HIV testing and viral load (VL) monitoring is challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting laboratory-based HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) drug testing, and VL monitoring as part of two studies on self-collected dried blood spots (DBS).

Methods
Participants were instructed to collect DBS by self-fingerstick in studies that enrolled MSM online. DBS from the first study (N = 1444) were tested with HIV serological assays approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A subset was further tested with laboratory-modified serological and VL assays, and ARV levels were measured by mass spectrometry. DBS from the second study (N = 74) were only tested to assess VL monitoring.

Results
In the first study, the mail back rate of self-collected DBS cards was 62.9%. Ninety percent of DBS cards were received at the laboratory within 2 weeks from the day of collection, and 98% of the cards had sufficient spots for one assay. Concordance between FDA-approved and laboratory-modified protocols was high. The samples with undetectable ARV had higher VL than samples with at least one ARV drug. In the second study, 70.3% participants returned self-collected DBS cards, and all had sufficient spots for VL assay. High VL was observed in samples from participants who reported low ARV adherence.

Conclusions
In these studies, MSM were able to collect and provide adequate DBS for HIV testing. The FDA-approved and laboratory-modified testing algorithms performed similarly. DBS collected at home may be feasible for HIV testing, ARV measurement, and monitoring viral suppression.