bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Cell-based Medicines from Pluripotent Stem Cells: Development, Production, and Preclinical Assessment
Authors: Sun Yun , Feng Lin , Liang Lingmin , Stacey Glyn N. , Wang Chaoqun , Wang Yukai , Hu Baoyang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brain degeneration and damage is difficult to cure due to the limited endogenous repair capability of the central nervous system. Furthermore, drug development for treatment of diseases of the central nervous system remains a major challenge. However, it now appears that using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells to replace degenerating cells provides a promising cell-based medicine for rejuvenation of brain function. Accordingly, a large number of studies have carried out preclinical assessments, which have involved different neural cell types in several neurological diseases. Recent advances in animal models identify the transplantation of neural derivatives from pluripotent stem cells as a promising path toward the clinical application of cell therapies [Stem Cells Transl Med 2019;8:681-693; Drug Discov Today 2019;24:992-999; Nat Med 2019;25:1045-1053]. Some groups are moving toward clinical testing in humans. However, the difficulty in selection of valuable critical quality criteria for cell products and the lack of functional assays that could indicate suitability for clinical effect continue to hinder neural cell-based medicine development [Biologicals 2019;59:68-71]. In this review, we summarize the current status of preclinical studies progress in this area and outline the biological characteristics of neural cells that have been used in new developing clinical studies. We also discuss the requirements for translation of stem cell-derived neural cells in examples of stem cell-based clinical therapy.
Optimizing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia
Authors: Pang Aiming , Huo Yingying , Shen Biao , Zheng Yawei , Jiang Erlie , Feng Sizhou , Han Mingzhe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains an important postremission treatment for acute leukemia (AL). It is known that some prognostic factors, such as age, cytogenetic and molecular risk stratification, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status, are closely related to clinical outcomes following ASCT. Moreover, there are multiple measurements, including pretransplant treatment, stem cell mobilization and collection, conditioning regimens, and maintenance treatment after transplantation, that can affect prognosis after ASCT. Our clinical practice of ASCT should be better standardized to further improve patient outcomes. This review outlines optimization and quality control measures for ASCT developed at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the first established and largest autologous stem cell transplant center in China. These measures will enhance the development of best practices and strategies for AL ASCT therapies, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Investigation into the Phase–Activity Relationship of MnO2 Nanomaterials toward Ozone‐Assisted Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene
Authors: Yang Ruijie , Guo Zhongjie , Cai Lixin , Zhu Rongshu , Fan Yingying , Zhang Yuefeng , Han Pingping , Zhang Wanjian , Zhu Xiangang , Zhao Qitong , Zhu Zhenye , Chan Chak Keung , Zeng Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManganese dioxide (MnO2), with naturally abundant crystal phases, is one of the most active candidates for toluene degradation. However, it remains ambiguous and controversial of the phase–activity relationship and the origin of the catalytic activity of these multiphase MnO2. In this study, six types of MnO2 with crystal phases corresponding to α‐, β‐, γ‐, ε‐, λ‐, and δ‐MnO2 are prepared, and their catalytic activity toward ozone‐assisted catalytic oxidation of toluene at room temperature are studied, which follow the order of δ‐MnO2 > α‐MnO2 > ε‐MnO2 > γ‐MnO2 > λ‐MnO2 > β‐MnO2. Further investigation of the specific oxygen species with the toluene oxidation activity indicates that high catalytic activity of MnO2 is originated from the rich oxygen vacancy and the strong mobility of oxygen species. This work illustrates the important role of crystal phase in determining the oxygen vacancies’ density and the mobility of oxygen species, thus influencing the catalytic activity of MnO2 catalysts, which sheds light on strategies of rational design and synthesis of multiphase MnO2 catalysts for volatile organic pollutants’ (VOCs) degradation.
Preparation of Nanoscale Particles of Five Major Polymers as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics
Authors: Tanaka Kosuke , Takahashi Yusuke , Kuramochi Hidetoshi , Osako Masahiro , Tanaka Shunsuke , Suzuki Go 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanoplastics are likely ubiquitous in the environment, and their potential toxic effects are a concern. However, quantitative information about the distribution of nanoplastics is still lacking, and toxicity tests are limited to a few select polymers because of the lack of appropriate standard materials, which should be nanoscale particles with standardizable morphologies, properties comparable to those of commercial polymers, and no impurities. Here, a precipitation‐based method for preparing spherical nanoscale particles without the introduction of impurities is developed. The similarity of the molecular weight distributions, crystallinities, and thermal properties of five major polymers prepared using this method—low‐density polyethylene, high‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene—to those of commercial polymers indicate their potential for use as standard nanoplastic particles. This study provides a fundamental approach for the synthesis of standard nanoplastic particles that will facilitate quantification of the concentrations of nanoplastics in the environment and tests of their toxicity, which are required to assess the risks associated with exposure to them.
“I must have taken a fake TOEFL!”: Rethinking Linguistically Responsive Instruction Through the Eyes of Chinese International Freshmen
Authors: Zhang‐Wu Qianqian , Brisk Maria Estela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough being able to meet the TOEFL requirement for college admission, Chinese international students often encounter linguistic challenges during their initial college experiences. Understanding such challenges set the foundation for implementing Linguistically Responsive Instruction (LRI) in higher education. Although well studied in K‐12 settings, LRI remains under‐researched in higher education. Furthermore, often designed based upon teachers’ experiences, little research examines LRI through the lenses of students. In this exploratory qualitative study, we adopt a student‐centered approach to (re)imagine LRI in higher education based on the first‐semester experiences of 12 Chinese international freshmen. Drawing upon semi‐structured interviews, bilingual language logs, and WeChat observation, our study explores (1) What were Chinese international freshmen’s language and academic experiences during the first half of the semester? (2) What were their experiences throughout the rest of the semester and how do these experiences inform an LRI model to support multilingual students in higher education? The findings address participants’ challenges, coping strategies, and interactions within the university community and highlight the within‐group variabilities among Chinese international students. This study emphasizes the need to understand multilingual international students’ experiences beyond their TOEFL scores, which paves way for rethinking LRI in higher education through the lenses of students.
Estrogen receptor‐α36 is involved in diallyl sulfide‐induced inhibition of malignant growth of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Wu Weiqi , Chen Hongfei , Wang Ruobing , Chen Jiaming , Yu Haiyan , Wei Zhixuan , Liu Xiaotian , Xue Mingru , Chen Qiongxia , Zhou Hongyan , Fu Zhengqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant disease that currently lacks effective treatment. Epidemiological studies have suggested the preventive role of raw garlic intake in different tumors, such as HCC. Although diallyl sulfide (DAS), the main component of garlic extracts, has been reported to inhibit the growth of HCC cells, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of DAS on the growth of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its underlying mechanism. HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with DAS and nude mice were intrahepatically injected with human HCC HepG2 cells and maintained with or without DAS administration for 28 days. MTS and clonogenic assays revealed that DAS inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, DAS inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors accompanied by a decreased rate of pathological karyomitosis as observed by H&E staining. The expression levels of estrogen receptor‐α36 (ER‐α36) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HepG2 and Huh7 cells and in xenograft tumors derived from HepG2 cells after DAS treatment were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. We found that DAS disrupted the positive regulatory loop between ER‐α36 and EGFR, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT at Ser 473 both in vivo and in vitro. DAS also induced cell apoptosis, as evidenced by Hoechst and TUNEL staining. Western blotting revealed activation of caspase3, increased BAX and decreased Bcl‐2 expression. However, the ER‐α36 expression knockdown attenuated DAS‐induced ERK and AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells. DAS was also able to inhibit ER‐α36‐mediated activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling induced by estrogen. Thus, our results indicate that ER‐α36 signaling is involved in DAS‐induced inhibition of HCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
Effects of interactions between quorum sensing and quorum quenching on microbial aggregation characteristics in wastewater treatment: A review
Authors: Wang Xueping , Yu Deshuang , Chen Guanghui , Liu Chengju , Xu Ao , Tang Zhihao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to the increasingly urgent demand for effective wastewater denitrification and dephosphorization systems, there is a need to improve the performance of existing biological treatment technologies. As a bacteria‐level communication mechanism, quorum sensing (QS) synchronizes gene expression in a density‐dependent manner and regulates bacterial physiological behavior. On this basis, the QS‐based bacterial communication mechanism and environmental factors affecting QS are discussed. This paper reviews the influence of QS on sludge granulation, biofilm formation, emerging contaminants (ECs) removal, and horizontal gene transfer in sewage treatment system. Furthermore, the QS inhibition strategies are compared. Based on the coexistence and balance of QQ and QS in the long‐term operation system, QQ, as an effective tool to regulate the growth density of microorganisms, provides a promising exogenous regulation strategy for residual sludge reduction and biofilm pollution control. This paper reviews the potential of improving wastewater treatment efficiency based on QS theory and points out the feasibility and prospect of exogenous regulation strategy.Practitioner Points

The mechanism of bacterial communication based on QS and the environmental factors affecting QS were discussed.
The application of QS and QQ in improving the sludge performance of biological treatment systems was described.
The significance of QS and QQ coexistence in sewage treatment process was described.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of K8[Fe(H2O)W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2 ternary composite
Authors: Li Ying , Shan Qiu‐jie , Chen Lin , Chen Wei , Luan Cheng‐yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new ternary composite catalyst, K8[Fe(H2O)W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2, was synthesized by electrostatic self‐assembly method, of which K8[Fe(H2O)W11MnO39] was prepared by direct synthesis method, and PANI/TiO2 was prepared by coating polyaniline on the surface of TiO2 particles using chemical oxidation method with (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidant. Then, this ternary composite material was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption‐desorption, and its photocatalytic performance was explored through degradation experiments with gentian violet as an organic pollutant. The results showed that K8[Fe(H2O)W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2 was successfully synthesized and its Keggin structure still remained with good stability. Under the optimal photocatalytic conditions, the decolorization rate of gentian violet by the ternary composite catalyst could reach to 92.93 %. After being recycled three times, the new composite catalyst still maintains good catalytic activity, indicating that it has a strong ability and reusability to degrade gentian violet with an excellent research potential.
Einleitung
Authors: Kazula Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAls Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Flugreichweite kommerzieller Flugzeuge durch Reduzierung des Luftwiderstands der Triebwerke wurden variable Pitot-Einlässe innerhalb einer fünfjährigen akademischen Konzeptstudie untersucht. Frühere Studien zu variablen Einlässen fanden keine industrielle Anwendung, da sie die hohen Anforderungen an Effizienz, Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit nicht erfüllen konnten. Mögliche Gründe hierfür sind ein zu geringes Einsparpotenzial durch eine zu niedrige Reisefluggeschwindigkeit der Anwendung oder unzureichende Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit aufgrund eines ungeeigneten Konstruktionsansatzes. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, ein Konzept für variable Pitot-Einlässe konstruktiv bis zu einem Technologie-Reifegrad TRL 3 zu gestalten, sodass dieses zur Erhöhung von Reisefluggeschwindigkeit und Flugreichweite beitragen kann, ohne dabei die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit des Flugzeugs einzuschränken.
Durchführung der Konzeptstudie
Authors: Kazula Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung des Konstruktionsansatz für die Erarbeitung eines variablen Einlasskonzepts wird vorgestellt. Aus der Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes gehen Anforderungen, Funktionen und über 30 Konzepte für variable Pitot-Einlässe hervor. Nach einer Vorauswahl dieser Konzepte anhand erarbeiteter Bewertungskriterien ergeben sich drei Konzeptgruppen. Diese variieren die Geometrie des Einlasses durch Verschieben starrer Komponenten, Verformen des Oberflächenmaterials oder Grenzschichtbeeinflussung. Basierend auf Sicherheitsanalysen, Integrationsstudien sowie aerodynamischen Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung idealer und umsetzbarer Einlassgeometrien stellte sich die Konzeptgruppe verschiebbarer starrer Komponenten als am besten geeignet heraus. Aus dieser Konzeptgruppe wurde ein Konzept hergeleitet, das die Geometrie des Einlasses durch Verschieben eines Vorderkantenrings sowie von Segmenten der unterteilten Einlasshülle variiert. Das Konzept wurde strukturell dimensioniert, modelliert und in einem Prototyp realisiert. Durch den Prototyp wurde die Funktionsfähigkeit des variablen Pitot-Einlasskonzepts nachgewiesen, wodurch Technologie-Reifegrad TRL 3 erreicht ist. Zudem ergibt sich in Abhängigkeit der finalen Konzeptmasse ein Reichweitengewinn für Überschallflugzeuge bis Mach 1,6 von bis zu 30 %.
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Kazula Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch einen Prototyp wurde die Funktionsfähigkeit des variablen Pitot-Einlasskonzepts nachgewiesen, wodurch Technologie-Reifegrad TRL 3 erreicht ist. Zudem ergibt sich in Abhängigkeit der finalen Konzeptmasse ein Reichweitengewinn für Überschallflugzeuge bis Mach 1,6 von 20 % bis 30 %. Dieser Reichweitengewinn würde in einer signifikanten Verbesserung der ökonomischen und ökologischen Eigenschaften dieses derzeit schnellsten Transportmittels resultieren. Somit könnten variable Pitot-Einlässe durch das erarbeitete Konzept eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Wiedereinführung eines umweltfreundlicheren kommerziellen Überschallflugs einnehmen.
The Drury–Arveson Space on the Siegel Upper Half-space and a von Neumann Type Inequality
Authors: Arcozzi Nicola , Chalmoukis Nikolaos , Monguzzi Alessandro , Peloso Marco M. , Salvatori Maura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work we study what we call Siegel–dissipative vector of commuting operators $$(A_1,\ldots , A_{d+1})$$

(

A
1

,
…
,

A

d
+
1

)

on a Hilbert space $${{\mathcal {H}}}$$
H
and we obtain a von Neumann type inequality which involves the Drury–Arveson space DA on the Siegel upper half-space $${{\mathcal {U}}}$$
U
. The operator $$A_{d+1}$$

A

d
+
1

is allowed to be unbounded and it is the infinitesimal generator of a contraction semigroup $$\{e^{-i\tau A_{d+1}}\}_{\tau <0}$$

{

e

-
i
τ

A

d
+
1

}

τ
<
0

. We then study the operator $$e^{-i\tau A_{d+1}}A^{\alpha }$$

e

-
i
τ

A

d
+
1

A
α

where $$A^{\alpha }=A_1^{\alpha _1}\cdots A^{\alpha _d}_d$$

A
α

=

A
1

α
1

⋯

A
d

α
d

for $$\alpha \in {\mathbb N}_0^d$$

α
∈

N
0
d

and prove that can be studied by means of model operators on a weighted $$L^2$$

L
2

space. To prove our results we obtain a Paley–Wiener type theorem for DA and we investigate some multiplier operators on DA as well.
Equivariant harmonic maps depend real analytically on the representation
Authors: Slegers Ivo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider harmonic maps into symmetric spaces of non-compact type that are equivariant for representations that induce a free and proper action on the symmetric space. We show that under suitable non-degeneracy conditions such equivariant harmonic maps depend in a real analytic fashion on the representation they are associated to. The main tool in the proof is the construction of a family of deformation maps which are used to transform equivariant harmonic maps into maps mapping into a fixed target space so that a real analytic version of the results in [4] can be applied.
Intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomosis for robotic-assisted and laparoscopic right colectomy: short-term outcomes of a multi-center prospective trial
Authors: Cleary Robert K. , Silviera Matthew , Reidy Tobi J. , McCormick James , Johnson Craig S. , Sylla Patricia , Cannon Jamie , Lujan Henry , Kassir Andrew , Landmann Ron , Gaertner Wolfgang , Lee Edward , Bastawrous Amir , Bardakcioglu Ovunc , Pandey Sushil , Attaluri Vikram , Bernstein Mitchell , Obias Vincent , Franklin Morris E. , Pigazzi Alessio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies to date show contrasting conclusions when comparing intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomoses for minimally invasive right colectomy. Large multi-center prospective studies comparing perioperative outcomes between these two techniques are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomoses outcomes for robotic assisted and laparoscopic right colectomy.

Methods
Multi-center, prospective, observational study of patients with malignant or benign disease scheduled for laparoscopic or robotic-assisted right colectomy. Outcomes included conversion rate, gastrointestinal recovery, and complication rates.

Results
There were 280 patients: 156 in the robotic assisted and laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) group and 124 in the robotic assisted and laparoscopic extracorporeal anastomosis (EA) group. The EA group was older (mean age 67 vs. 65 years, p = 0.05) and had fewer white (81% vs. 90%, p = 0.05) and Hispanic (2% vs. 12%, p = 0.003) patients. The EA group had more patients with comorbidities (82% vs. 72%, p = 0.04) while there was no significant difference in individual comorbidities between groups. IA was associated with fewer conversions to open and hand-assisted laparoscopic approaches (p = 0.007), shorter extraction site incision length (4.9 vs. 6.2 cm; p ≤ 0.0001), and longer operative time (156.9 vs. 118.2 min). Postoperatively, patients with IA had shorter time to first flatus, (1.5 vs. 1.8 days; p ≤ 0.0001), time to first bowel movement (1.6 vs. 2.0 days; p = 0.0005), time to resume soft/regular diet (29.0 vs. 37.5 h; p = 0.0014), and shorter length of hospital stay (median, 3 vs. 4 days; p ≤ 0.0001). Postoperative complication rates were comparable between groups.

Conclusion
In this prospective, multi-center study of minimally invasive right colectomy across 20 institutions, IA was associated with significant improvements in conversion rates, return of bowel function, and shorter hospital stay, as well as significantly longer operative times compared to EA. These data validate current efforts to increase training and adoption of the IA technique for minimally invasive right colectomy.
Rock weathering controls the potential for soil carbon storage at a continental scale
Authors: Slessarev Eric W. , Chadwick Oliver A. , Sokol Noah W. , Nuccio Erin E. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs rock-derived primary minerals weather to form soil, they create reactive, poorly crystalline minerals that bind and store organic carbon. By implication, the abundance of primary minerals in soil might influence the abundance of poorly crystalline minerals, and hence soil organic carbon storage. However, the link between primary mineral weathering, poorly crystalline minerals, and soil carbon has not been fully tested, particularly at large spatial scales. To close this knowledge gap, we designed a model that links primary mineral weathering rates to the geographic distribution of poorly crystalline minerals across the USA, and then used this model to evaluate the effect of rock weathering on soil organic carbon. We found that poorly crystalline minerals are most abundant and most strongly correlated with organic carbon in geographically limited zones that sustain enhanced weathering rates, where humid climate and abundant primary minerals co-occur. This finding confirms that rock weathering alters soil mineralogy to enhance soil organic carbon storage at continental scales, but also indicates that the influence of active weathering on soil carbon storage is limited by low weathering rates across vast areas.
A model of an inflatable elastic aerofoil
Authors: Yorkston A. A. , Blyth M. G. , Părău E. I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel method is presented to calculate the deformation of a simple elastic aerofoil with a view to determining its aerodynamic viability. The aerofoil is modelled as a thin two-dimensional elastic sheet whose ends are joined together to form a corner of prescribed angle, with a simple support included to constrain the shape to resemble that of a classical aerofoil. The weight of the aerofoil is counterbalanced exactly by the lift force due to a circulation set according to the Kutta condition. An iterative process based on a boundary integral method is used to compute the deformation of the aerofoil in response to an inviscid fluid flow, and a range of flow speeds is determined for which the aerofoil maintains an aerodynamic shape. As the flow speed is increased the aerofoil deforms significantly around its trailing edge, resulting in a negative camber and a loss of lift. The loss of lift is ameliorated by increasing the inflation pressure but at the expense of an increase in drag as the aerofoil bulges into a less aerodynamic shape. Boundary layer calculations and nonlinear unsteady viscous simulations are used to analyse the aerodynamic characteristics of the deformed aerofoil in a viscous flow. By tailoring the internal support the viscous boundary layer separation can be delayed and the lift-to-drag ratio of the aerofoil can be substantially increased.