bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Recognition of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia on White Light Endoscopic Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lin Ne , Yu Tao , Zheng Wenfang , Hu Huiyi , Xiang Lijuan , Ye Guoliang , Zhong Xingwei , Ye Bin , Wang Rong , Deng Wanyin , Li JingJing , Wang Xiaoyue , Han Feng , Zhuang Kun , Zhang Dekui , Xu Huanhai , Ding Jin , Zhang Xu , Shen Yuqin , Lin Hai , Zhang Zhe , Kim John J. , Liu Jiquan , Hu Weiling , Duan Huilong , Si Jianmin 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with atrophic gastritis (AG) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) have elevated risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic screening and surveillance have been implemented in high incidence countries. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous recognition of AG and GIM.

METHODS:
Archived endoscopic white light images with corresponding gastric biopsies were collected from 14 hospitals located in different regions of China. Corresponding images by anatomic sites containing AG, GIM, and chronic non-AG were categorized using pathology reports. The participants were randomly assigned (8:1:1) to the training cohort for developing the CNN model (TResNet), the validation cohort for fine-tuning, and the test cohort for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

RESULTS:
A total of 7,037 endoscopic images from 2,741 participants were used to develop the CNN for recognition of AG and/or GIM. The AUC for recognizing AG was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.2% (95% CI 94.2%–97.6%), 96.4% (95% CI 94.8%–97.9%), and 96.4% (95% CI 94.4%–97.8%), respectively. The AUC for recognizing GIM was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–1.00) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.9% (95% CI 96.2%–98.9%), 97.5% (95% CI 95.8%–98.6%), and 97.6% (95% CI 95.8%–98.6%), respectively.

DISCUSSION:
CNN using endoscopic white light images achieved high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing AG and GIM.
A Novel Deep Learning System for Diagnosing Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Diagnostic Study
Authors: Tang Dehua , Wang Lei , Jiang Jingwei , Liu Yuting , Ni Muhan , Fu Yiwei , Guo Huimin , Wang Zhengwen , An Fangmei , Zhang Kaihua , Hu Yanxing , Zhan Qiang , Xu Guifang , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
This study aims to construct a real-time deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) system to diagnose early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with white light imaging endoscopy.

METHODS:
A total of 4,002 images from 1,078 patients were used to train and cross-validate the DCNN model for diagnosing early ESCC. The performance of the model was further tested with independent internal and external validation data sets containing 1,033 images from 243 patients. The performance of the model was then compared with endoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Cohen kappa coefficient were measured to assess performance.

RESULTS:
The DCNN model had excellent performance in diagnosing early ESCC with a sensitivity of 0.979, a specificity of 0.886, a positive predictive value of 0.777, a negative predictive value of 0.991, and an area under curve of 0.954 in the internal validation data set. The model also depicted a tremendously generalized performance in 2 external data sets and exhibited superior performance compared with endoscopists. The performance of the endoscopists was markedly elevated after referring to the predictions of the DCNN model. An open-accessed website of the DCNN system was established to facilitate associated research.

DISCUSSION:
A real-time DCNN system, which was constructed to diagnose early ESCC, showed good performance in validation data sets. However, more prospective validation is needed to understand its true clinical significance in the real world.
The Effect of Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, and Job Satisfaction of the National Library Republic of Indonesia on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Authors: Lestari Ikawati 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The library is the builder of all libraries in Indonesia (Law No.43 of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2007). As a coach, the National Library of Indonesia faces challenges that must be met so that organizational performance needs to be improved. If every employee has organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), can achieve good government. The end of this study is to realize the effects of corporate culture, transformational leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of the National Library of Indonesia. The resource persons in this study involved 280 ASN informants who had served at the National Library for at least three years—used linear regression method to analyze the data and SPSS version 17.0 for data analysis. The results of the analysis of this study instruct organizational culture, transformational leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Optimal Price Indexes
Authors: Bossert Walter , Stehling Frank 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We examine the notion of a price index as the solution to the problem of minimizing the distance between the index values and the vector of price ratios. To do so, the choice of a suitable distance function is of crucial importance. We use a generalized least-squares criterion for this purpose and show that the generalized quasilinear functions are the only solutions to the problem of minimizing the distance thus defined. There are numerous special cases that are obtained for specific choices of the requisite functions and weights. In particular, we show that, in addition to the well-established indexes of Laspeyres, Paasche, Marshall-Edgeworth, Walsh, and Törnqvist, the arithmetic-current-period index, the arithmetic-hybrid index, the harmonic-base-period index, and the harmonic-hybrid index can be obtained with suitably chosen distance functions. Furthermore, the logarithmic least-squares criterion is employed to obtain indexes that are based on geometric means.
Patient-centered care or osteopathic manipulative treatment as mediators of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Aryal Subhash 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Patient-centered care is often considered a characteristic of osteopathic medicine, in addition to the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in such musculoskeletal conditions as low back pain.

Objectives
This study aimed to determine if patient-centered care or OMT are mediators of the clinical outcomes of osteopathic medicine in patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods
A comparative effectiveness study was conducted within the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION Pain Research Registry). Eligible patients met the diagnostic criteria recommended by the National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain and completed four consecutive quarterly encounters between April 2016 and November 2020. The Consultation and Relational Empathy instrument for patient-centered care was used at the baseline encounter and OMT use was measured at the final encounter. The clinical outcome measures included low back pain intensity on a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, back-related functioning on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and pain impact on the National Institutes of Health Minimum Dataset for Chronic Low Back Pain (NIH-MDS). A parallel multiple mediator model was used to compute the direct and indirect effects of osteopathic medicine in achieving each of the three clinical outcomes.

Results
The 404 study patients had a mean age of 52.2 years (standard deviation, 13.1 years) and 288 (71.3%) were female. The 88 (21.8%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians reported more favorable scores for patient-centered care (mean, 41.3; 95% CI 39.0–43.5) than patients treated by allopathic physicians (mean, 38.0; 95% CI 36.8–39.3) (p=0.02). Fifty-six (63.6%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians used OMT. The age- and sex-adjusted outcomes for patients of osteopathic vs. allopathic physicians across all four encounters were: mean, 5.4; 95% CI 5.0–5.7 vs. mean, 5.9; 95% CI 5.7–6.1 on the NRS for pain intensity (p=0.01); mean, 11.3; 95% CI 10.1–12.6 vs. mean, 14.0; 95% CI 13.3–14.7 on the RMDQ for back-related disability (p<0.001); and mean, 26.8; 95% CI 24.9–28.7 vs. mean, 30.1; 95% CI 29.1–31.1 on the NIH-MDS for pain impact (p=0.002). Patient-centered care did not mediate any outcome of osteopathic medicine, whereas OMT mediated better outcomes in low back pain intensity.

Conclusions
This appears to be the first study to simultaneously address both patient-centered care and OMT as potential mediators of the effect of osteopathic medicine in treating chronic pain. Patient-centered care did not mediate the effects of osteopathic medicine and OMT only mediated outcomes relating to low back pain intensity. More research is needed to identify other aspects of osteopathic medicine that mediate its beneficial effects in patients with chronic low back pain.
The crystal structure of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, C10H18O5
Authors: Manana Pholani , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C10H18O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3561(7) Å, b = 11.4569(7) Å, c = 10.9762(6) Å, β = 116.087(2)°, V = 1282.58(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0547, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1677, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (((1E,1′E)-1,2-phenylenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(hydrazin-1-yl-2-ylidene))bis(aminomethaniminium) dinitrate C10H16N10O6
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu E. , Liu Xiao-Jing , Li Zhuang-Yu , Jian Fang-fang , Liang Tongling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C10H16N10O6, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.5131(7) Å, b = 16.4675(9) Å, c = 8.1488(4) Å,β = 107.361(5)°, V = 1602.64(15) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0380, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1180, T = 170(1) K.
Factors Shaping Public Perceptions of Market-based Activities Undertaken by Canadian Nonprofits
Authors: Turpin Aaron , Shier Micheal L. , Handy Femida 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCharitable nonprofits are engaging at increasing rates in market-based activities. This study examined Canadian public perception of nonprofits’ market-based activities. Latent variables for trust, financial accountability, transparency, direct and general familiarity, understanding of nonprofit roles in service delivery and advocacy, and orientation towards market-based activities were created using a secondary dataset of nationally representative Canadians (n = 3853). Results show that positive perceptions of market-based activities of nonprofits are influenced by familiarity of nonprofits, accepting their advocacy role, and perceiving them as being accountable. Those with stronger views of nonprofits as providers of direct service had unfavorable perceptions of the nonprofit’s market-based activities. The findings have implications for nonprofit managers who engage in market-based activities and want to promote a positive orientation to these endeavors to engage consumers and investors.
Effect of interactive vs. passive virtual reality on pain threshold and tolerance
Authors: Saquib Juliann , AlMohaimeed Haneen A. , AlOlayan Sally A. , AlRebdi Nora A. , AlBulaihi Jana I. , AlMugbel Renad A. , AlDughaishm Yusra M. , AlBahli Hind K. , Saquib Nazmus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Scientific evidence suggests that virtual reality (VR) could potentially help patients tolerate painful medical procedures and conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality on pain tolerance and threshold.

Methods
A within-subjects experimental study design was conducted on 53 female students at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia. Each participant completed three rounds of assessment: one baseline (no VR) and two VR immersion (passive and interactive) in random order sequence. During each round, participants submerged their non-dominant hand into an ice bath; pain threshold and tolerance were measured as outcomes and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
Participants had both higher pain threshold and tolerance during interactive and passive VR rounds in comparison to the non-VR baseline assessment (p<0.05). Participants had greater pain tolerance during the interactive VR condition compared to the passive VR condition (p<0.001).

Conclusions
VR experiences increase pain threshold and tolerance with minimal side effects, and the larger effects were demonstrated using interactive games. Interactive VR gaming should be considered and tested as a treatment for pain.
Differences in Muscle Activity and Kinetics Between the Goblet Squat and Landmine Squat in Men and Women
Authors: Collins Kyle S. , Klawitter Lukus A. , Waldera Roman W. , Mahoney Sean J. , Christensen Bryan K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Collins, KS, Klawitter, LA, Waldera, RW, Mahoney, SJ, and Christensen, BK. Differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the goblet squat and landmine squat in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2661–2668, 2021—Squat exercise variations are widely used and extensively researched. However, little information exists on the goblet squat (GBS) and landmine squat (LMS) and differences between men and women. This study investigated the differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the GBS and the LMS in 16 men and 16 women. Five repetitions of each squat type were performed loaded at 30% of their body mass. Vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces for the eccentric and concentric phases and peak vertical force were recorded with a force plate. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). Normalized mean EMG values and ground reaction forces were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Significant main effects for squat condition and sex were found. The LMS reduced activity in the quadriceps (VM and VL) muscles and vertical forces, while increasing posterior horizontal forces. In the LMS, men showed decreased ST activity, whereas women had decreased BF activity. Women exhibited greater quadriceps activity in both the GBS and LMS and greater ST in the LMS. Women also produced greater eccentric vertical force in both the GBS and LMS and less posterior horizontal forces in the LMS. The LMS may be useful to balance hamstring to quadriceps activity, increase horizontal loading, and reduce vertical loading. Conversely, the GBS can better target quadriceps activity and increase vertical loading. Sex differences should be considered for training programs that include the GBS and LMS.
Content Analysis of Patent Applications for Strength Training Equipment Filed in the United States Before 1980
Authors: Nuzzo James L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nuzzo, JL. Content analysis of patent applications for strength training equipment filed in the United States before 1980. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2952–2962, 2021—Strength training history is an emerging academic area. The aim of the current study was to describe quantitively the history of inventions for strength training equipment. Content analysis was conducted of patent applications for strength training equipment filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office before 1980. Applications were identified using relevant keyword searches in Google Patents. A total of 551 patent applications were analyzed. The earliest application identified was filed in 1860. Applications never exceed 6 per year until 1961 after which applications increased substantially, with a peak of 54 in 1979. Men invented 98.7% of all strength training devices. Lloyd J. Lambert, Jr. was the most prolific inventor, with 10 inventions. Types of inventions included mobile units (34.5%), stationary machines (27.9%), dumbbells (16%), racks or benches (8.0%), barbells (6.7%), and Indian clubs (3.8%). Common features included seats or benches (18.7%), cable-pulley systems (15.1%), weight stacks (8.2%), weight trays (4.5%), and cams (2.2%). Common types of resistance included weights or plates (33.2%), springs (11.6%), friction (9.1%), elastic bands (5.3%), and hydraulic (3.8%). Proposed invention benefits included adjustable resistance (37.4%), inexpensive (36.1%), simple to use (32.8%), compact design or easy storage (27.0%), multiple exercise options (26.1%), safety and comfort (25.4%), effectiveness (23.6%), portability (20.5%), adjustable size (15.8%), sturdiness or durability (15.8%), home use (13.6%), and light weight (13.6%). Certain aspects of strength training equipment have evolved over time. However, overall purposes and benefits of inventions have remained constant (e.g., affordability, convenience, personalization, safety, and effectiveness).
Interhemispheric Cortico-Cortical Pathway for Sequential Bimanual Movements in Mice
Authors: Jeong Minju , Lee Hyeonsu , Kim Youngsoo , Wang Eric Hou-Jen , Paik Se-Bum , Lim Byung Kook , Kim Daesoo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimals precisely coordinate their left and right limbs for various adaptive purposes. While the left and right limbs are clearly controlled by different cortical hemispheres, the neural mechanisms that determine the action sequence between them remains elusive. Here, we have established a novel head-fixed bimanual-press (biPress) sequence task in which mice sequentially press left and right pedals with their forelimbs in a predetermined order. Using this motor task, we found that the motor cortical neurons responsible for the first press (1P) also generate independent motor signals for the second press (2P) by the opposite forelimb during the movement transitions between forelimbs. Projection-specific calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulation revealed these motor signals are transferred from one motor cortical hemisphere to the other via corticocortical projections. Together, our results suggest the motor cortices coordinate sequential bimanual movements through corticocortical pathways.
Ideologías y actitudes del clero de Antequera (Oaxaca, México) hacia los indios y sus lenguas a finales de la época colonial
Authors: Canuto Castillo Felipe 
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del artículo es presentar y analizar las ideologías y actitudes del clero del obispado de Antequera hacia los indios y sus idiomas a finales de la época colonial. El estudio se realizó con base en el texto de una Visita Pastoral del obispo José Gregorio Ortigosa, una Pastoral del obispo Antonio Bergosa y Jordán y el Cuestionario que este último prelado mandó que fuera respondido por todos los párrocos de esta diócesis.
El análisis del discurso de los obispos y los párrocos mencionados se centra en las creencias y valoraciones que proyectaron acerca de las lenguas y sus hablantes. En ellas expresaron el (des)prestigio de quienes fueron evaluados. En la base de las declaraciones se encuentran las ideologías con las cuales el grupo en el poder legitimaba y justificaba su dominio y pretendía perpetuarlo, y muestran las representaciones mentales colectivas de la época.
Neue Ansätze in der Frankophonieforschung
Authors: Obergöker Timo 
Published: August 2021

Zu:
Mende, Silke. 2020. Ordnung durch Sprache. Francophonie zwischen Nationalstaat, Imperium und internationaler Politik, 1860-1960 (Studien zur Internationalen Geschichte, Bd. 47), Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter/Oldenburg.
Messling, Markus. 2019. Universalität nach dem Universalismus. Über frankophone Literaturen der Gegenwart. Berlin: Matthes und Seitz.
Análisis del desempeño mecánico de una mezcla asfáltica modificada con fibra de bambú
Authors: Jiménez Angie 
Published: August 2021

Las organizaciones internacionales como la ONU reconocen la importancia de efectuar acciones contra el cambio climático. Por esta razón, Costa Rica se plantea alcanzar la meta de carbono-neutralidad en los próximos años. A raíz de lo anterior, se ha visto incrementado el uso de materiales biodegradables en diferentes aplicaciones. Al respecto, este artículo presenta una alternativa sostenible a los aditivos de mezclas asfálticas al plantear el uso de bambú para tal fin. Por tanto, uno de los objetivos de esta investigación es potenciar el uso de este cultivo, que genera múltiples beneficios al ambiente como: fijación de carbono, evita erosión en los suelos, genera fuentes de empleo para su cultivo entre otras. Cabe mencionar que las fibras del culmo se utilizan en esta investigación como producto final y no como residuo por lo que, una vez cultivada, la planta vuelve a crecer generando así un ciclo sostenible.
Esta investigación presenta el análisis y desempeño mecánico de una mezcla asfáltica modificada con fibra de bambú de la especie guadua angustifolia. El objetivo principal fue evaluar su comportamiento mecánico con la metodología SUPERPAVE. Como resultado se obtuvo una mejoría en la resistencia de la mezcla a la fatiga y al daño por humedad, lo cual es prometedor y abre una posibilidad al uso de fibras en estos materiales.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin for treating cramps in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Mehta Tejas , Sommers Richard , Govindarajan Raghav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
Muscle cramps are a common occurrence in patients with peripheral neuropathy and are known to cause significant distress and decrease the quality of life. Although several drug formulations have been used in the management of cramps, there is significant variability in terms of efficacy and tolerability in patients with peripheral neuropathy. This study aims to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the management of lower limb cramps in patients with peripheral neuropathy.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review included a total of ten patients with peripheral neuropathy with cramps. Relevant data such as age, gender, race, pain score and cause of peripheral neuropathy were documented. Statistical analyses to compare the variables was done using the Wilcoxon Test. The pain score before the administration, at 3-month, 6 month and 9 months follow up were compared.

Results
All patients enrolled in the study showed improvement of pain assessed by visual pain analog scale. An improvement of 1.60 (95%CI, p<0.05), 2.70 (95%CI, p<0.05) and 3.50 (95%CI, p=0.05) was noted between test scores from before administration of botulinum toxin to 3-month, 6 months and 9 months follow up with a range of 6, 4 and 4 respectively.

Conclusion:
Local BTX-A infiltration is a likely efficacious and safe procedure for improving pain associated with cramps in patients with peripheral neuropathy.