bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) for cultivation Chlorella sorokiniana MH923013, Coelastrella MH923011 and Coelastrella MH923012
Authors: Mahdi Raghad S , Al-Mashhadani Mahmood K H , Abed Ibrahim J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA step to net-zero of carbon dioxide losses in the microalgae cultivation process was targeted in the current study. This research was carried out by using pre-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as a source of carbon with two doses of twenty-five and fifty millilitres.C. sorokinianaMH923013,CoelastrellaMH923011 andCoelastrellaMH923012 strains were used in the present investigation. The experimental data emphasized the direct influence of carbonic solution on microalgal growth according to the fast adaption of algal cells and higher productivity compared to control and dilution cultures. It was observed that microalgae strains conduct a corresponding response associated with different dosing of the saturated carbonic solution. For instance, dosing of 50 ml carbon dioxide revealed fast performance to reach the stationary phase (23-25) day with clear growth improvement. In addition, 0.1633 day−1as a maximum specific growth rate in the exponential phase was recorded with this dosing. While as there was another obvious growth enhancement with supplying 25 ml CO2solution, but reached the stable phase after around (37-42) day from inoculation with a maximum specific growth rate 0.0987 day−1. These results demonstrate the potential of CO2and HCO3−1in control the CCM pathways, thus, another step in the development of the photobioreactor design.
Use of Artificial Neural Network method to Predict the Amount of Oxygen in the Tigris River
Authors: Alrufaye Faiez Musa L. , Neamah Firas H. , Mhaibes Hakeem I. , Ali Marwah Th. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The neural network algorithm is one of the most important algorithms used to predict results in artificial intelligence. It provides a set of important predictions in this field, given the importance of the Tigris River in the lives of the Iraqi people, and especially the people in the countries that it passes through. We developed an algorithm using neural networks where we sought to measure the proportion of oxygen in the water, the extent of the proportion’s impact on the quality and purity of water and the water’s suitability for human use. In our research we built a system to predict Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen by inputting a set of parameters as the Input Layer. Weights will be found for each input and, by using the neural network function, the output layer will be generated, where the output layer is Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen as single output. To test the results and performance of the system, there is an interface in the application which evaluates it by calculating the following statistical parameter: correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
Challenges in E- governments: A case study-based on Iraq
Authors: Jasim Noor A. , Hameed Emad M. , Jasim Sarah A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An effective and competent way to deliver business and organizational mandates is via deploying Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Parts of a government’s job is to benefit their citizens, they do so by using ICT to update any services or facilities. As well as this, E-Governments aim to make citizens’ lives better in terms of society, politics, and economy. Governments move all of the administrations into “smart governments”. Unfortunately, some developing countries’ governments are unable to do such move due to several reasons. These include no interoperability of e-governments, little resources, and no management devotion. Thus, this work’s goal is to dedicate a framework of an e-government implementation for Iraq. Four main obstacles were identified for implementing e-governance in Iraq: political, technical, cultural, and legal. Examining the e-government implementation framework, opinions of 180 managers were received via an online survey. Most notably, there was no coordination between state instructions, lack of equipment’s for security, user lacking confidence, no information technology law and integrity. This study is unique and aims to develop a sufficient e-government in Iraq.
Design and implementation of a fast sequential multiplier based on iterative addition architecture
Authors: Hameed Ahmed Salah , Kathem Marwa Jawad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a fast design and implementation for sequential multiplier is presented. The suggested approach of implementation incorporates a definition of iterative addition that reduces the number of additions required in calculating the product of two binary numbers. The proposed implementation of sequential multiplier eliminates all shift operations required by conventional sequential multiplier to only one shift operation with the final accumulated result. Proposed and conventional designs of sequential multiplier are simulated in Quartus II synthesis software tool using Verilog implementation. According to the simulation results, the proposed implementation of sequential multiplier is better than conventional implementation in terms of delay time and power consumption. The proposed sequential multiplier shows an average improvement of 17.15% in delay time compared to conventional sequential multiplier.
Social Touch Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine and T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding as Pre-processing
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Khudhair , Khalil Adil Ibrahim , Abdulkader Sameera A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Today, one of important field is social touch gesture recognition for touch modality, which can lead to highly efficient and realistic human–robot interaction. Touch is an important interaction modality in social interaction, for instance touch can communicate emotions and can intensify emotions communicated by other modalities. In this paper, the touch gesture recognition is performed using a dataset that previously measured for numerous subjects that perform various social gestures. This dataset is dubbed as the corpus of social touch (CoST), where touches were performed on a mannequin arm. The T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (T-SNE) algorithm is used to reduce the dimensions of the input data. The T-SNE algorithm was used as a preprocessing stage before classification operations. The output of the T-SNE is fed to the support vector machine (SVM). The performance of the proposed systems was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method. The range of recognition results 31.6% to 81.4%, Mean = 61.7% and Standard Deviation = 10.05%. The proposed method can recognize gestures in nearly real time after acquiring a minimum number of frames (629 ms). which is comparable with the results of Jung et al.
An Inclusive Survey of Machine Learning based Hand Gestures Recognition Systems in Recent Applications
Authors: Mohammed Hind Ibrahim , Waleed Jumana , Albawi Saad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hand gestures represent one of the most prevalent types of body language which can be utilized for interaction and communication. Although the other types of body language represent a more general state of emotional, hand gestures capable of possessing specified linguistic content inside it. Because of the expressiveness and speed in interaction, hand gestures are commonly utilized in human-computer interaction systems (HCI), sign languages, virtual reality, and gaming. In the process of recognizing hand gestures, the complexity and diversity of gestures will extremely impact on the recognition rate and reliability. The existence of machine learning techniques can be effectively exploited in the task of improving the rate of hand gesture recognition. This paper inspected the performance of machine learning techniques in recognizing vision and sensors based hand gestures in the recently existing applications. Additionally, the widely used architecture applied in various datasets has been considered which includes the acquisition of data, pre-processing, the extraction of features, and classification.
A Comparative analysis study of lung cancer detection and relapse prediction using XGBoost classifier
Authors: Abdu-Aljabar Rana Dhia’a , Awad Osama A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer for causing death for both men and women. It also has one of the lowest survival rates in five-year of all cancer types. It remains a challenge to lung cancer relapse prediction after surgery, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to enhance prediction and detection using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to detect lung cancer diagnoses and predict its relapse after surgery by using gene expression and its transcriptome changes due to cancer. This can aid to enhance early tumour progression handling and reducing the painful treatment. In this study, it used real New Generation RNA_seq (NGS) and microarray gene expression datasets for different types of lung cancer. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the XGBoost model compared to other machine learning models especially in handling unbalance datasets.
Performance Enhancement of Miniaturized Dual-Band Bandpass Filter
Authors: Hammood Dhuha G. , Hammed Raaed T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently a significant design technique was proposed to develop miniaturized dual-band bandpass filters using multilayered dual-mode resonator. The attitudes of these filters show good performance with 3 GHz upper rejection band. In order to improve the stopband performance of these filters, this article presents a new generation of miniaturized dual-band bandpass filters having extra transmission zero in the upper stopband. The desired transmission zero is generated by electrical physical length (lTZ) equal to a quarter-wavelength open-circuited stub resonator created from the filter structure itself. This is achieved by slipping down the input/output feeding ports from the far end connection points to the desired electrical length. To verify the proposed idea, a dual-band BPF operating at 1.9 GHz GSM and 3.5 GHz WiMax systems is designed, simulated and fabricated. The measured and simulated filter responses are in well agreed. It is observed that this filter has attenuation better than 15 dB over 5 GHz rejection band. The filter circuit area is very small of about 37mm2 terminating the feeding ports.
Secure voice cryptography based on Diffie-Hellman algorithm
Authors: Yousif Sura F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a new technique for voice signals encryption & decryption to ameliorate the information security during transferring over unsecure network. The presented mechanism is based on a particular type of asymmetric key cryptography called Diffie-Hellman Algorithm. The main reason of using this algorithm is enabling users to encrypt and decrypt their messages via a shared session key that is known only for them. Firstly, the input voice signal in this scheme is enciphered by utilizing the shared secret key at the dispatcher. Secondly, the scrambled voice signal is delivered to the destination through open telecommunication network. Eventually, the cipher text signal is deciphered at the receptor by exploiting the same key to retrieve the plaintext signal. The performance of the presented voice cryptosystem is assessed via different known ciphering/deciphering voice measures for different voice signals. The computed and visual results in addition to comparison outcomes confirm that the presented cryptosystem can fulfill good enciphering and deciphering results and it is capable of tolerating various cryptographic analyses.
Modified Speech Separation Deep Learning Network Based on Hamming window
Authors: Al-Barhan Hussein A , Elyass Sinan M , Saeed Thamir R , Hatem Ghufran M , Ziboon Hadi T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Speech separation is attracting widespread interest due to the sound mixing in real environments in and out door applications. Although the researchers have used many algorithms, the separation rate in the real environment is still poor. This paper presents speech separation using a modified Deep learning neural (DLN) algorithm. Interestingly, the modification has reduced the complexity of the original DLN algorithm, while, high value of separation rate has been gained caused by using Hamming instead of Hanning windows against the other algorithms. The separation rate reaches 98.6%, while, the advancement over the nearest algorithm is 2.8%.
Influence of lateral cyclic loading on the piled-raft foundation embedded in layered soil
Authors: Saleh Wafaa A. , Abbas Jasim M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe work includes an experimental analysis was performed to determine the impact of several variables on the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft model (2×2) having a ratio of length to diameter (L/D=40) and a diameter spacing (S / D) ratio of 3, 5 and 7 at frequency (0.2) Hz embedded in layered soil. The results are submitted as load-deflection curves and bending moment profiles. The effects of degree of saturation, number of cycles, level of cyclic loads, and the location of piles in a row are studied in this work. The results illustrated that increasing degree of saturation for clay soil (mid-layer) decreasing the lateral resistance of this model by about (25%, 31%, and 39%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively and bending moment by about (7%, 15%, and 17%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively. The piles in the front rows resist the soil with its full capacity, while in the trailing rows (i.e back) the shadowing effect tends to cause a reduction in soil resistance. The results clarified that maximum bending moment for trailing row less than the leading row by about 7%. The presence of vertical loads lead to an improvement in the lateral resistance of the model with dry clay soil about (28%, 26% and 12%) for S/D=3, 5, and7 respectively, whereas the increase in the horizontal resistance of the model with partially saturated clay soil about (40%, 45%, and 44%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively, compared with the absence of vertical loads.
Proposing a new type of DPC to control moisture movements in brick walls
Authors: Assi Malik. H. , Taresh Noor S. , Aboud Ghufraan Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews several traditional and modern damp-proof courses (DPCs) techniques that have been used worldwide and show the limitation(s) of each technique. It also presents a new waterproofing technique employing the principles of capillary breaking layers (CBLs) used widely in earth structures. The paper presents the results of a study on rising damp based upon a practical one-year-long tests. The short and the long term hygrothermal behavior of the proposed technique was also investigated numerically using WUFI simulation program. It has been found that a capillary breaking layer can be successfully utilized to create a capillary barrier that is capable of blocking moisture rise in a brick wall and enhancing wall breathability at the level of treatment.
Evaluation of Contractors Performance in Iraqi Construction Projects Using Multiple Criteria Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS)
Authors: Jasim Nidal Adnan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The construction industry is a significant part of every economy and that performance assessment holds the key to its success in national socio-economic goals. Successful Construction projects are closely related to contractor’s performance, where increases a suitable contractor the chances of satisfactory completion of a project in time, cost and quality specified. Contractors’ performance can provide robust benchmarks for contractors and help to identify ways towards performance improvement. Contractor performance can be defined by the level and quality of projects delivered to clients. he objective of this research work is to study evaluate contractor performance for construction projects, and how it can be employed technical grounds (The Method Of Multiple Criteria Complex Proportional Assessment) in the assessment of contractors Performance for construction projects, through the identification of criteria used to select the best contractor in terms performance as well as determining the list contractors of to choose the optimal contractor of these terms. For achieving the goal of the research its data collecting from the literature that addressed the factors Affecting Contractor Performance and method of multiple criteria complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), and finally personal interviews of engineers, contractors and owners qualified. The results of data analysis for the sample and then Rank Order Centroid method (ROC) and distinctive in their application showed that criteria of the quality of work, project management, technical knowledge, and timeliness of performance are the most important criteria for bilateral comparisons between contractors. Finally, and by calculating the relative importance, priorities of alternatives, and the benefit degree we find that the C1 has received the largest share of the benefit and importance.
In the end, was a set of conclusions and recommendations of various aspects of the topic from accelerating the application of techniques of decision- making multi-criteria in the evaluation of contractors performance in addition to expediting the application of the systems proposed by the researcher for the evaluation of contractors performance.
Flexural Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Super elastic Wire Under Repeated Loading
Authors: Salman Mohammed Munqith , Khalaf Noor Ayaad , Alobaidi Maan K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of polypropylene fiber (PPM-12) and nitinol (NiTi) superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires in concrete beams under flexural repeated loading. For this purpose, nine of simply supported beams with dimensions of (1000 mm length, 80 mm width and 125 mm depth) were considered. Test specimens were divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). Specimens in group G2 and G3 were reinforced with different ratios of PPM-12 fiber (0.5%and 0.75%) by volume of concrete and threaded (NiTi) superelastic SMA wires. Group G1 was reinforced with traditional steel rebar and SMA wires without PPM-12 fiber. The results revealed that the addition of PPM-12 fiber to concrete have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of concrete with respect to load carrying capacity in the other side the addition of fiber led to a controlled crack propagation in concrete and increased the fatigue life of concrete. The (NiTi) superelastic threaded wires were active in some specimens in which some displacement recovery was noticed. The importance of study is how to enhance concrete life and reducing crack propagation in concrete by using polypropylene fiber and NiTi wire as reinforcement in concrete.
Effect of Laying Service longitudinal and Transverse Openings on Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beam Web under Flexural Loadings
Authors: Abu Altemen Ahmed Abbas Ghali , Sharba Amjad Ali K , Al Ameri Raad Abdulkadim Naser , Ibrahim Mohammed Kahlil , Ozakca Mustafa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laying of service pipes such as sewage pipes, electricity pipes, and sometimes water pipes ducts and others had presented some problems especially if it gathered in one place. One of the best solutions to minimize the problems and solve the piping and other services is using longitudinal and transverse opening in beams (BLTO), especially when high strength concrete (HSC) is used. HSC beam that performed experimentally by a researcher and implemented in this study by finite element method. ANSYS software was utilized to prove the experimental results with using the same properties, geometry, materials, and conditions which the comparison included the force-displacement relationship ultimate load capacity, maximum displacement, and crack pattern. The verification process between the experimental program and theoretical one demonstrated that there is a good convergence between the obtained results between the two results. The similarity in the outcomes showed that the matching between the experimental and numerical in force by (99%) and in displacement by (94%). These variances were due to the small difference in the condition of experimental and theoretical side which the numerical considered ideal condition. Also, this study examined the behavior of (RC) beam have longitudinal and transverse opening. The registered failure mode of beam was flexural failure although of presence of shear cracks but the flexural cracks were the controller in the behavior.
Shear strength and Characterization of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams -A Review
Authors: Sharba Amjad Ali K , Hussain Hussain Dhafir , Alkhafaji Sura Faleh A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reinforced concrete deep beams are structural elements that primarily pass-heavy gravity loads to their supports by shearing action. High shear strength is a significant feature of deep beams. This is due to the tied-arch internal a mechanism which transmits the load directly via concrete compressive struts to the supports. Various researchers and codes of practice that vary in principle have suggested different meanings for RC deep beams. Several researchers have also developed different shear strength prediction models and codes for the calculation of the shear strength of deep beams by analytical models and comprehensive services for exams. There seems to be, however, no consensus on which description properly classifies what a deep beam is and which paradigm creates a great result that similar to experimental values, the value of shear strength of beams. The research compared the concepts and evaluated deep beam shear capacity models based on data from 210 deep beams according to different code provisions acquired in literature. The ACI-318 code description concept was found to provide the most practical characterization of a deep beam, while its shear strength model, based on the method of the strut-and-tie model, offers the best estimate for a deep beam’s shear strength.
Behavior of eccentrically loaded normal weight concrete encased steel columns at elevated temperature
Authors: Al-Talqani Noor Al-Huda , Al-Thairy Haitham 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of normal weight concrete encased steel (CES) columns eccentrically loaded and exposed to different elevated temperature using an electrical furnace. Four CES columns were tested with cross section dimensions of 150 ×150 mm (width× depth) and 1250mm total length and encased a steel section with dimensions of 70×60× 4×4 mm (total height× flange width× flange thickness× web thickness. The top and bottom ends of the columns were designed as corbels to prevent the premature local bearing failure at the concrete due to axial load. The corbels had a cross section dimensions equal to 240mm ×150mm (width × depth) with a distance between them equal to750mm. The experimental results have revealed that all CES columns have failed by flexural buckling failure mode with concrete crushing at the middle third of the compression side column accompanied with local buckling of the steel section flange. Analysis of the test results has also indicated that when the exposed temperature increases, the failure load considerably decreases. Where, the failure load of the CES columns has decreased by 53.6%, 61.2%, and 63.6% compared to the control CES column when they exposed to temperature of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, respectively.