bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Electrodynamics of Slow Moving Media Taking into Account the Specular Reflection
Authors: Grinchik N. N. , Boiprav O. V. 
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of constructing the physical and mathematical model of high-frequency electromagnetic waves propagation in slowly moving media of finite dimensions, which takes into account the phenomena of specular reflection of these waves. The constructed model is based on formulas designed to determine the speed of electromagnetic waves propagation in slowly moving media of finite dimensions, as well as on equations designed to describe these waves. The advantageous feature of these equations is that they take into account the Fresnel drag coefficient for electromagnetic waves propagation speed. The approach to solving of these equations, as well as the approach to modeling of the process of electromagnetic waves propagation in slowly moving media of finite dimensions, based on the use of a difference scheme, in which the motion of these media is taken into account, is proposed. It has been determined that the proposed model and approaches can be used in solving problems related to the construction of receiving-transmitting paths, as well as in solving problems of aeroacoustics.
Mass spectrometry‐based top‐down and bottom‐up approaches for proteomic analysis of the Moroccan Buthus occitanus scorpion venom
Authors: Daoudi Khadija , Malosse Christian , Lafnoune Ayoub , Darkaoui Bouchra , Chakir Salma , Sabatier Jean‐Marc , Chamot‐Rooke Julia , Cadi Rachida , Oukkache Naoual 
Published: March 2021

Buthus occitanus (B. occitanus) is one of the most dangerous scorpions in the world. Despite the involvement of B. occitanus scorpion in severe cases of envenomation in Morocco, no study has focused yet on the proteomic composition of the Moroccan B. occitanus scorpion venom. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic techniques are commonly used in the study of scorpion venoms. The implementation of top‐down and bottom‐up approaches for proteomic analyses facilitates screening by allowing a global view of the structural aspects of such complex matrices. Here, we provide a partial overview of the venom of B. occitanus scorpion, in order to explore the diversity of its toxins and hereafter understand their effects. To this end, a combination of top‐down and bottom‐up approaches was applied using nano‐high liquid chromatography coupled to nano‐electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC‐ESI MS/MS). The LC‐MS results showed that B. occitanus venom contains around 200 molecular masses ranging from 1868 to 16 720 Da, the most representative of which are those between 5000 and 8000 Da. Interestingly, combined top‐down and bottom‐up LC‐MS/MS results allowed the identification of several toxins, which were mainly those acting on ion channels, including those targeting sodium (NaScTxs), potassium (KScTxs), chloride (ClScTxs), and calcium channels (CaScTx), as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), amphipathic peptides, myotropic neuropeptides, and hypothetical secreted proteins. This study reveals the molecular diversity of B. occitanus scorpion venom and identifies components that may have useful pharmacological activities.
Comparing radiographs with signaling improves anomaly detection of dental students: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Eder Thésése F. , Richter Juliane , Scheiter Katharina , Huettig Fabian , Keutel Constanze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDental students commit many errors when diagnosing radiographs. To improve performance, students were asked to compare radiographs (with and without disease or with the same disease); relevant structures were highlighted in the radiographs. In a crossover design, students were randomly assigned to two groups differing in training order: Students in the peripheral‐central‐group (N = 39) were first trained to detect anomalies in the periphery before receiving training on anomalies in the center; the trainings in the central‐peripheral‐group (N = 39) were reversed. We measured detection rates and gaze behavior before and after each training. The detection rates after the first training revealed differences in line with our expectations; moreover, when accounting for varying difficulty of the tests sets there were within‐groups improvements in the peripheral‐central group. Unexpectedly, the gaze behavior was unaffected by the intervention. We discuss shorter learning times and sequence effects as potential causes for our findings.
In Situ Surface Fluorination of TiO2 Nanocrystals Reinforces Interface Binding of Perovskite Layer for Highly Efficient Solar Cells with Dramatically Enhanced Ultraviolet‐Light Stability
Authors: Hu Wanpei , Wen Zhiling , Yu Xin , Qian Peisen , Lian Weitao , Li Xingcheng , Shang Yanbo , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Tao , Lu Yalin , Wang Mingtai , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLow‐temperature solution‐processed TiO2 nanocrystals (LT‐TiO2) have been extensively applied as electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the low electron mobility, high density of electronic trap states, and considerable photocatalytic activity of TiO2 result in undesirable charge recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface and notorious instability of PSCs under ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, LT‐TiO2 nanocrystals are in situ fluorinated via a simple nonhydrolytic method, affording formation of Ti─F bonds, and consequently increase electron mobility, decrease density of electronic trap states, and inhibit photocatalytic activity. Upon applying fluorinated TiO2 nanocrystals (F‐TiO2) as ETL, regular‐structure planar heterojunction PSC (PHJ‐PSC) achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.68%, which is among the highest PCEs for PHJ‐PSCs based on LT‐TiO2 ETLs. Flexible PHJ‐PSC devices based on F‐TiO2 ETL exhibit the best PCE of 18.26%, which is the highest value for TiO2‐based flexible devices. The bonded F atoms on the surface of TiO2 promote the formation of Pb─F bonds and hydrogen bonds between F− and FA/MA organic cations, reinforcing interface binding of perovskite layer with TiO2 ETL. This contributes to effective passivation of the surface trap states of perovskite film, resulting in enhancements of device efficiency and stability especially under UV light.
An Angular Coumarinacene and Its Characteristics
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of an angular coumarinacene. Its molecular structure by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis is revealed for the first time, which noted a sandwich‐dimeric herringbone arrangement. Its solution reveals visible absorption and bright yellow‐orange emission. The pyranone‐annulated angular coumarinacene is relatively stable, both thermally and photochemically, when compared to popular acenes. Its alignment of frontier orbital energy levels dictates its possible entry into electronics.
In silico simulation of the liquid phase pressure drop through cylindrical hollow‐fiber membrane oxygenators using a modified phenomenological model
Authors: Tabesh Hadi , Rafiei Fojan , Mottaghy Khosrow 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLow blood pressure drop is an important performance characteristic of a hollow‐fiber membrane oxygenator (HFMO). While the application of natural blood corresponds to complex handling procedures, the in vitro investigation of liquid pressure drop is mainly done using water or similar fluids (e.g., normal saline solution [NSS]). In this study, a comprehensive phenomenological model has been proposed to predict the liquid pressure drop through a cylindrical HFMO, considering viscous and inertial resistances in porous media, derived from literature. The results demonstrate that approaches based on Darcy–Weisbach phenomenological equation correlate the most with in vitro experimental investigations using NSS and native porcine blood, in both pediatric and adult commercially available cylindrical HFMOs. Remarkably, this study corroborates theoretically and experimentally that approaches based on Ergun semi‐empirical equation fail to predict the liquid pressure drop in cylindrical HFMOs. Moreover, it is shown that the presented phenomenological model is also applicable to cylindrical hollow‐fiber heat exchangers, and subsequently, its noticeable effect on total liquid pressure drop through cylindrical HFMOs is demonstrated. The results reveal that this component may contribute to almost half of total blood pressure drop, and therefore, it should be redesigned using other approaches than hollow fibers.
Effects of A, B, and S components on fiber length distribution, mechanical, and impact properties of carbon fiber/ABS composites produced by different processing methods
Authors: Lee Heesook , Cho Donghwan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber/ABS composites with different acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene components were produced via extrusion/injection and long fiber thermoplastic (LFT)/injection molding processes, respectively. The effect of the components on fiber length distribution, tensile, flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The properties of carbon fiber/ABS composites produced using 12 mm‐long LFT pellets were markedly higher than those produced using extruded pellets made with 12 mm‐long chopped carbon fibers. Uses of LFT pellets were preferable to enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/ABS composites. The tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical properties were increased in order of ABS750sw > ABS720 ≥ ABS780 > ABS740, whereas the impact strength was increased in order of ABS740 > ABS780 > ABS720 ≈ ABS750sw. Less carbon fiber damages and less carbon fiber length degradation upon LFT processing resulted in longer fiber length distribution and higher fiber aspect ratio in the composites with LFT pellets, indicating a beneficial reinforcing effect, which was responsible for the increased mechanical properties of ABS composites, particularly with ABS750sw. The results were agreed with each other, significantly depending on the A, B, and S components, being supported by fiber length distribution, fiber aspect ratio, and fracture surfaces.
Fabrication and performance of shape‐stable phase change materials based on epoxy group crosslinking
Authors: Tao Lijuan , Chen Sai , Liu Haihui , Han Na , Li Wei , Zhang Xingxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShape‐stable phase change materials (SSPCMs) have attracted increased attention as they can be used in applications such as solar energy storage materials and smart textiles. Hexadecyl acrylate (HDA) was free‐radical copolymerized with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) to form a copolymer with epoxy groups. It was further solidified with diethylenetriamine to form a series of novel SSPCMs. HDA could be limited to a stable 3D cross‐linking network constructed from epoxy groups, giving PCM excellent shape stability. Infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectroscopy showed the successful fabrication of poly(hexadecyl acrylate) (PHDA) with epoxy group. The maximum enthalpies of the SSPCMs with 5 wt% AGE during heating and cooling were 86 and 86 J/g, respectively, which indicated that they have good thermal energy storage densities. The initial melting and freezing temperatures were 32 and 29°C, respectively, which were within the comfortable temperature range of human body. In addition, the thermal decomposition temperature of SSPCMs was higher than 270°C. After 50 thermal cycles, the materials still showed excellent phase change performances. Moreover, the specimen with low degree of cross‐linking had similar temperature control and thermal response capabilities to PHDA. These SSPCMs exhibited excellent thermal performance, thermal reliabilities, and stabilities. Therefore, they were expected to be applied in various applications, including solar energy storage, energy‐saving buildings, and wearable temperature control textiles.
Elective versus urgent in‐hospital transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Kabahizi Alex , Sheikh Azeem S. , Williams Timothy , Tanseco Kristoffer , Myat Aung , Trivedi Uday , de Belder Adam , Cockburn James , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is maturing as a treatment option and is now often undertaken during an unscheduled index hospital admission. The aim of this study was to look at procedural and mid‐term outcomes of patients undergoing elective versus urgent in‐hospital transcatheter aortic valve implantation.MethodsWe identified a total of 1,157 patients who underwent TAVI between November 2007 and November 2019 at the Sussex Cardiac Centre in the UK. We compared the demographics, procedural outcomes, 30‐day and 1‐year mortality between elective and urgent patients. Emergency and salvage TAVI cases were excluded.ResultsOf the 1,157 patients who underwent the procedure, 975 (84.3%) had elective while 182 (15.7%) had urgent TAVI. Predominant aortic stenosis was more frequent in elective patients (91.7% vs. 77.4%); p < .01), while predominant aortic regurgitation was seen more commonly in the urgent group (11.5% vs. 4.2%; p < .01). Implantation success was similar between the elective (99.1%) and urgent group (99.4%). In‐hospital (1.65% vs. 1.3%: p .11), 30 day (3.5% vs. 3.3%: p .81) and 1 year (10.9% vs. 11%; p .81) mortality rates were similar in the elective and urgent groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn contemporary practice, urgent TAVI undertaken on the index admission can be performed at similar risk to elective outpatient TAVI.
Effect of soaking time and temperature on water absorption capacity and dimensional changes of bulgur
Authors: Sfayhi‐Terras Dorra , Hadjyahia Nesrine , Zarroug Youkabed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesSoaking is a processing treatment used in different grain. The objective of the present work is to study the water absorption of bulgur (precooked, dried, and debranned durum wheat), at various temperatures (35, 50, 60 and 65°C) by measuring the moisture content with respect to time. The effect of soaking time and temperature on three dimensions was examined (length: “a (mm)”; crease side width: “b (mm)”; secondary width: “c (mm)”). Weight, volume, sphericity, and density of the precooked, dried, and debranned wheat kernel were also measured.FindingsThe results indicated higher water absorption capacity at higher temperature. Peleg's model was successfully used to evaluate water absorption during soaking. Peleg's model constants were investigated relative to temperature and confirmed a higher absorption capacity of water. Moreover, during soaking, all the dimensions as well as weight and volume percentages increased with time and temperature. The percent change of secondary width “c” was affected by both temperature and time soaked, indicating that it was the most important parameter controlling the deformation and shape of the kernel.ConclusionBulgur kernel had higher water absorption due to the absence of the outer bran layer, which acts as a barrier for water absorption.Significance and novetlyModeling the water absorption of bulgur during soaking and measuring its size is important since it help industries to control the soaking operation and further cooking operation and then to optimize industrial process dishes based with bulgur.
T‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma of both breasts: An uncommon presentation of a common disease
Authors: Sereke Senai Goitom , Oriekot Anthony , Mboizi Vincent , Bogere Naghib , Bongomin Felix 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSecondary T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breasts is a very rare disease and can be easily missed as inflammatory carcinoma at initial presentation. High index of suspicion and radiological investigations has a big role in identifying the primary lymphoma.
Effect of fine coke particles on rheological properties of the binder matrix of carbon anodes in aluminium production process
Authors: Mollaabbasi Roozbeh , Hansen Lene Jensberg , Grande Tor , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad , Alamdari Houshang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAluminium production through the Hall‐Héroult process relies on an extensive use of carbon anodes, which are originally made of coal tar pitch and fine and coarse carbon particles. During the forming process of green anodes, the mixture of the fine particles and the coal‐tar pitch (i.e., the binder matrix) moves between the coarse particles and produces a uniform agglomerated paste. The efficiency of the forming process directly affects the final quality of the baked anode and consequently the efficiency of the Hall‐Héroult process. The rheological properties of the binder matrix play a crucial role in the forming process. In this study, rotation and oscillation tests are used to study the effects of the fine particle concentration and temperature on the viscoelastic properties of the binder matrix. The rotation tests demonstrate that the binder matrix is a shear‐thinning material and that the viscosity is reduced by increasing the shear rate and temperature while it is increased by increasing the concentration of the fine particles. Moreover, the proposed model can predict the viscosity of the binder matrix precisely. The oscillation tests confirm that the elastic and viscous properties are reinforced by increasing the concentration of the fine particles and they are reduced by increasing the angular frequency and temperature. The three‐element Maxwell model is shown to predict the elastic and viscous moduli of the binder matrix. Finally, in a case study and based on the rheological results, the permeation velocity of the binder matrix between the coarse particles is calculated.
Fullerene Mechanochemistry: Serendipitous Discovery of Dumb‐Bell‐Shaped C120 and Beyond
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe serendipitous discovery of dumb‐bell‐shaped C120 under high‐speed vibration milling conditions is described. The mechanochemical protocol has been employed to synthesize the He‐, H2‐ or H2O‐encapsualted C120, the cross‐dimer C130, trimer C180, bridged C60 dimers as well as products from many other reactions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphenes. Mechanochemistry extended to various reactions of non‐fullerene molecules is briefly discussed.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Mechanochemistry and fullerene chemistry.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?The poor solubility of fullerenes in common organic solvents prompts scientists to seek alternative protocol for fullerene chemistry. An idea of performing chemical reactions of fullerenes in the absence of any organic solvent was conceived when I was a guest research fellow in Kyoto University. That was how I first got into the mechanochemical reactions of fullerenes, and made the serendipitous discovery of fullerene dimer C120.How do you supervise your students?I encourage my graduate students to do scientific research of their ownideas within the scope of my group's research interests. I usually emphasize scientific rigor and intolerance of research misconduct to the graduate students when they first join my group. I provide them my guidance on how to do each piece of scientific work including detailed discussion of encountered problems, even spectral analysis and ChemDraw drawing, manuscript writing, etc.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity, creativity, and persistence.What are your hobbies?Sports, mainly jogging and running nowadays.How do you keep balance between research and family?My balance has heavily leaned toward work thanks to the understanding and support from my family.
Uncommon Bis‐quinolizidine Alkaloids from the Hainan Sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis
Authors: Chen Bao , Huan Xia‐Juan , Miao Ze‐Hong , de Voogd Nicole J. , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Wang Chang‐Yun , Guo Yue‐Wei , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionTwo new bis‐quinolizidine alkaloids, neopetrosiasins A (1) and B (2), possessing cis‐ and trans‐quinolizidine nuclei, one known related analogue petrosin (3) and three known xestospongins (4—6), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis. The structures of new compounds were unambiguously determined by extensive spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. In bioassay, compounds 4—6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against several human cancer cells.
Organofluorine Hydrazone Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti‐Alzheimer's Agents with CK2 Inhibitory and Antioxidant Features
Authors: Baier Andrea , Kokel Anne , Horton William , Gizińska Ewa , Pandey Garima , Szyszka Ryszard , Török Béla , Török Marianna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA set of novel hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and analyzed for their biological activities. The compounds were tested for their inhibitory effect on the phosphorylating activity of the protein kinase CK2, and their antioxidant activity was also determined in three commonly used assays. The hydrazones were evaluated for their radical scavenging against the DPPH, ABTS and peroxyl radicals. Several compounds have been identified as good antioxidants as well as potent protein kinase CK2 inhibitors. Most hydrazones containing a 4‐N(CH3)2 residue or perfluorinated phenyl rings showed high activity in the radical‐scavenging assays and possess nanomolar IC50 values in the kinase assays.
Whiteness evaluation: A review and new proposals
Authors: Sève Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis publication carries out an in‐depth study of whiteness, various numerical evaluation methods that have been developed over the past 75 years, and review their application and deficiencies in the context of a new proposed Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) whiteness formula. The publication first introduces the basic principle of whiteness evaluation from the work of Judd and Selling around 1950, then that of Ganz in the 1970s and finally that of the CIE from 1969 to 1986. The defects of the Judd and Selling formulas became apparent with the use of fluorescent whitening agents. The CIE linear formula cannot predict an optimum for the optical whitening process. Hyperbolic formulas published are much too complicated and are unable to predict correctly the best conditions for that optical whitening. We present a new formula derived from that of the CIE, much simpler than the hyperbolic formulas, and able to predict an optimal shade in the optical whitening process. The formula takes into account the limitations of the white domain; when the blue saturation becomes too great, or when a tint deviation toward green or toward red is too noticeable. The formula gives results identical to those of the CIE formula when the materials are far from commercial whiteness limits. In addition, the formula can be very easily adapted to the CIELAB system and so, gives promising results.