bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fictional dualism model of social robots
Authors: Sweeney Paula 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper I propose a Fictional Dualism model of social robots. The model helps us to understand the human emotional reaction to social robots and also acts as a guide for us in determining the significance of that emotional reaction, enabling us to better define the moral and legislative rights of social robots within our society. I propose a distinctive position that allows us to accept that robots are tools, that our emotional reaction to them can be important to their usefulness, and that this emotional reaction is not a direct indicator that robots deserve either moral consideration or rights. The positive framework of Fictional Dualism provides us with an understanding of what social robots are and with a plausible basis for our relationships with them as we bring them further into society.
“Feeling like a Scientist”: Factors Affecting Students’ Selections of Technology Tools in the Science Classroom
Authors: Cairns Dean , Dickson Martina , McMinn Melissa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research looked at the choices that children make in the classroom when offered manual and technological options to measure scientific variables. Over 170 school children were involved in science lessons designed in collaboration with school teachers and the research team as part of the planned curriculum. We found that approximately 25% of the students chose the manual measuring options, compared with 75% who chose the technological options. During the focus group interviews (n = 62) carried out immediately after the class, we found that some children who had selected the technological option had done so due to perceptions of the tool’s novelty and “accuracy.” Some later regretted their choice, reasoning that “real” scientists did not use technology, that it would have been more challenging to measure manually, and therefore that they would have “felt more like scientists” had they selected the manual option. Perceptions of ease of use sometimes lowered children’s intent to use the technology option. Similarly, students who chose the manual option alluded to the inauthenticity of the technology option: this is not “what scientists do.” Consequently, students who had selected the manual option were also more likely to describe feeling “like a scientist” when carrying out the measurements. The possible implications of the findings, in terms of a possible inversion of the technology acceptance model for students in the science classroom, are explored.
A note on non-symmetric flow: surface shrinking in mutually orthogonal directions
Authors: Merkin J. H. , Lok Y. Y. , Pop I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this note, we extend the problem treated in (Lok, Math Modelling Anal 24:617–634 (2019)) to the case of permeable surface which is shrinking in mutually orthogonal directions. Both numerical and asymptotic solutions are obtained for two important governing parameters, $$\gamma $$
γ
the shrinking rate and S characterizing the fluid transfer through the boundary. In this problem, a restriction on S is required for a solution to exist.
This contrasts with the problem in (Lok, Math Modelling Anal 24:617–634 (2019)) where no restriction on S is needed. Numerical solutions show that for a fixed value of S, two critical points $$\gamma _c$$

γ
c

are observed for $$S > 2$$

S
>
2

. Conversely, two critical points $$S_c$$

S
c

are found for a given value of $$\gamma $$
γ
when $$S > 2$$

S
>
2

. A discussion on the nonexistence of solution for $$S = 2$$

S
=
2

is given and asymptotic solutions for S large and $$(S-2)$$

(
S
-
2
)

small are also presented.
Does Training Modality Predict Fidelity of an Evidence-based Intervention Delivered in Schools?
Authors: Combs Katie Massey , Drewelow Karen M. , Habesland Marian Silje , Lain Marion Amanda , Buckley Pamela R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Training prior to implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is essential to reach high levels of fidelity. However, the time and cost of in-person training are often barriers to implementation. Online learning offers a potential solution, though few studies examine the relationship between online training and fidelity of implementation. This study explored whether teachers trained online have similar levels of adherence, dosage, quality of delivery, and student responsiveness compared to teachers trained in-person on the Botvin LifeSkills Training (LST) middle school program, a universal prevention intervention proven to reduce substance use and violence, as part of a national dissemination project. This study involved a sample of 989 LST teachers across 114 school districts, representing 296 schools in 14 states. All teachers were first trained in LST implementation between 2016 and 2019. Hierarchical linear models were used to assess relationships between training modality and the four fidelity outcomes. Online training was associated with lower ratings of quality of delivery compared to in-person training, but no significant associations existed between online training and adherence to the curriculum, dosage, or student responsiveness. Findings from this study generally indicate that online training builds competencies important for school-based EBI implementation, while also highlighting potential shortcomings related to quality of delivery. Ensuring the inclusion of experiential learning activities (e.g., practice delivering content, receiving feedback on delivery) may be key to quality of delivery as online trainings for facilitators of school-based EBIs evolve.
The influence of frailty syndrome on quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bąk E. , Młynarska A. , Marcisz C. , Bobiński R. , Sternal D. , Młynarski R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
There have been no comprehensive studies that assess the impact of frailty syndrome on quality of life (QoL) of patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of frailty syndrome on QoL and depression symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
The study included 148 consecutive patients (aged ≥ 60y). The patients were divided into two groups according to the prevalence of the frailty syndrome: robust and frailty. For all of the patients that were included in the study, we used the Polish version of validated instruments: ADDQoL, TFI and BDI.

Results
In the study group, 43.2% had been diagnosed with frailty syndrome. An analysis of QoL assessment depending on the prevalence of the frailty syndrome showed that patients who were robust (without recognized frailty syndrome) assessed QoL significantly better than patients with coexisting frailty syndrome. Robust patients did not have any severe depressive symptoms, whereas in the group of patients with the frailty syndrome 43.8% of the patients had a depression. 70.2% of the patients without any depressive symptoms were robust patients, meanwhile only 14% of the patients had frailty syndrome recognized.

Conclusions
Frailty syndrome occurred in 43 percent of the patients with type 2 diabetes. This has a negative impact on QoL of patients. Depression is more common in patients with the frailty syndrome and diabetes.
Learning ultrasound rendering from cross-sectional model slices for simulated training
Authors: Zhang Lin , Portenier Tiziano , Goksel Orcun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Given the high level of expertise required for navigation and interpretation of ultrasound images, computational simulations can facilitate the training of such skills in virtual reality. With ray-tracing based simulations, realistic ultrasound images can be generated. However, due to computational constraints for interactivity, image quality typically needs to be compromised.

Methods
We propose herein to bypass any rendering and simulation process at interactive time, by conducting such simulations during a non-time-critical offline stage and then learning image translation from cross-sectional model slices to such simulated frames. We use a generative adversarial framework with a dedicated generator architecture and input feeding scheme, which both substantially improve image quality without increase in network parameters. Integral attenuation maps derived from cross-sectional model slices, texture-friendly strided convolutions, providing stochastic noise and input maps to intermediate layers in order to preserve locality are all shown herein to greatly facilitate such translation task.

Results
Given several quality metrics, the proposed method with only tissue maps as input is shown to provide comparable or superior results to a state-of-the-art that uses additional images of low-quality ultrasound renderings. An extensive ablation study shows the need and benefits from the individual contributions utilized in this work, based on qualitative examples and quantitative ultrasound similarity metrics. To that end, a local histogram statistics based error metric is proposed and demonstrated for visualization of local dissimilarities between ultrasound images.

Conclusion
A deep-learning based direct transformation from interactive tissue slices to likeness of high quality renderings allow to obviate any complex rendering process in real-time, which could enable extremely realistic ultrasound simulations on consumer-hardware by moving the time-intensive processes to a one-time, offline, preprocessing data preparation stage that can be performed on dedicated high-end hardware.
Two iterative methods for reverse image filtering
Authors: Belyaev Alexander G. , Fayolle Pierre-Alain 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of recovering an original image $${\varvec{x}}$$

x

from its filtered version $${\varvec{y}}={\varvec{f}}({\varvec{x}})$$

y

=

f

(

x

)

, assuming that the internal structure of the filter $${\varvec{f}}(\cdot )$$

f

(
·
)

is unknown to us (i.e., we can only query the filter as a black-box and, for example, cannot invert it). We present two new iterative methods to attack the problem, analyze, and evaluate them on various smoothing and edge-preserving image filters.
The ground-level ozone concentration is inversely correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Wiśniewski Oskar , Kozak Wiesław , Wiśniewski Maciej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID-19, which is a consequence of infection with the novel viral agent SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China (Hubei Province), has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. As of September 10, 2020, over 70,000 cases and over 2000 deaths have been recorded in Poland. Of the many factors contributing to the level of transmission of the virus, the weather appears to be significant. In this work, we analyze the impact of weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and ground-level ozone concentration on the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland. The obtained results show an inverse correlation between ground-level ozone concentration and the daily number of COVID-19 cases.
Epigenetic Regulation of Neural Transmission after Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Lesions in Juvenile Rats
Authors: Helgers Simeon O. A. , Angelov Svilen , Muschler Marc A. N. , Glahn Alexander , Al-Afif Shadi , Al Krinawe Yazeed , Hermann Elvis J. , Krauss Joachim K. , Frieling Helge , Schwabe Kerstin , Rhein Mathias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellar midline region, including the fastigial nucleus, have been reported in neuropsychiatric disorders, also comprising the cerebellar cognitive affecting syndrome. In rats, early fastigial lesions reduce social interaction during development and lead to cognitive and emotional deficits in adults, accompanied by compromised neuronal network activity. Since epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, we investigated whether fastigial nucleus lesions in juvenile rats would impact epigenetic regulation of neural transmission. The fastigial nucleus was lesioned bilaterally in 23-day-old male rats. Sham-lesion and naïve rats served as controls. DNA methylation was investigated for target genes of the GABAergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic and oxytocinergic systems in brain regions with anatomic connections to the fastigial nucleus, i.e., medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum, thalamus, and sensorimotor cortex. Protein expression was examined for the respective target genes in case of altered DNA methylation between lesion and control groups. Lesioning of the fastigial nucleus led to significant differences in the epigenetic regulation of glutamate decarboxylase 1 and the oxytocin receptor in the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. No differences were found for the other target genes and brain regions. Our findings indicate that epigenetic dysregulation after lesioning of the fastigial nucleus may influence long-term recovery and the emergence of behavioral changes. Together with previous behavioral and electrophysiological investigations of this rat model, these observations can play a role in the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Estimating Ground-Level Hourly PM2.5 Concentrations Over North China Plain with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Zheng Fengjie , Zhang Wenpeng , Yang Xiufeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) has a considerable impact on the environment, climate change, and human health. Herein, we introduce a deep neural network model for deriving ground-level, hourly PM2.5 concentrations by Himawari-8 aerosol optical depth, meteorological variables, and land cover information. A total of 151,726 records were collected from 313 ground-level PM2.5 monitoring stations (spread across the North China Plain) to calibrate and test the proposed model. The sample- and site-based cross-validation yielded satisfactory performance, with correlation coefficients > 0.8 (R = 0.86 and 0.83, respectively). Furthermore, the variation in mean ground-level hourly PM2.5 concentrations, using 2017 data, showed that the proposed method could be applied for spatiotemporal continuous PM2.5 monitoring. This study will serve as a reference for the application of geostationary meteorological satellite to perform ground-level PM2.5 estimation and the utilization in atmospheric monitoring.
Approach to hand posture recognition based on hand shape features for human–robot interaction
Authors: Qi Jing , Xu Kun , Ding Xilun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHand segmentation is the initial step for hand posture recognition. To reduce the effect of variable illumination in hand segmentation step, a new CbCr-I component Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed to detect the skin region. The hand region is selected as a region of interest from the image using the skin detection technique based on the presented CbCr-I component GMM and a new adaptive threshold. A new hand shape distribution feature described in polar coordinates is proposed to extract hand contour features to solve the false recognition problem in some shape-based methods and effectively recognize the hand posture in cases when different hand postures have the same number of outstretched fingers. A multiclass support vector machine classifier is utilized to recognize the hand posture. Experiments were carried out on our data set to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with other methods.
Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Sand Molds
Authors: Saeidpour Mahsa , Svenningsson Roger , Gotthardsson Ulf , Farre Sten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecific heat capacity (Cp), density (ρ), and thermal conductivity (λ) of phenolic-bonded 3D-printed sand (3DPS) molds have been determined in the temperature range of 20–1400 °C using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dilatometer, and hot wire method. The results have been used to simulate the thermal gradient in a sand mold during casting aluminum using a commercial simulation software. The simulated results have been compared with laboratory-measured results and simulated results using the software’s database for conventional mold making. Our results show that available database for sand thermal properties cannot explain the thermal gradient in 3DPS molds and this manufacturing process affects the thermal properties of the mold compared to traditional mold making. It is necessary to collect data for a variety of 3D-printed sand molds to ensure accurate modeling simulation in the foundry industry.
The bifurcation locus for numbers of bounded type
Authors: CARMINATI CARLO , TIOZZO GIULIO 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe define a family

$\mathcal {B}(t)$
of compact subsets of the unit interval which provides a filtration of the set of numbers whose continued fraction expansion has bounded digits. We study how the set

$\mathcal {B}(t)$
changes as the parameter t ranges in

$[0,1]$
, and see that the family undergoes period-doubling bifurcations and displays the same transition pattern from periodic to chaotic behaviour as the family of real quadratic polynomials. The set

$\mathcal {E}$
of bifurcation parameters is a fractal set of measure zero and Hausdorff dimension

$1$
. The Hausdorff dimension of

$\mathcal {B}(t)$
varies continuously with the parameter, and we show that the dimension of each individual set equals the dimension of the corresponding section of the bifurcation set

$\mathcal {E}$
.
Candidate Selection, Personalization and Different Logics of Centralization in New Southern European Populism: The Cases of Podemos and the M5S
Authors: Caiani Manuela , Padoan Enrico , Marino Bruno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the candidate selection processes of Podemos in Spain and the Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S – Five Star Movement) in Italy, processes which are related to intra-party democracy. With a mixed-methods approach (including novel data from the expert survey PoPES, 31 semi-structured interviews with party representatives and militants, and analysis of party documents, statutes and leader speeches) and a comparative perspective, we explore candidate selection in the context of the broader organizational party structures over time. We find that: (1) Podemos functions like a typical centralized party, whereas M5S is a deviant case with strong and centralized control over party organization but decentralized mechanisms for candidate selection; (2) both these logics of centralization of power undermine the parties’ democratic credentials but have different consequences in terms of cohesion (expulsions/departures in M5S and splintering in Podemos); and (3) in both cases, the parties’ organizational culture and symbolic tools legitimate their top-down features.
What Should We Know About the Origins of International Investment Law?
Authors: Alshahrani Sarah M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInternational investment law, particularly the global backlash against investment treaties, has evolved recently. This article aims to clarify how international investment law evolved over history, from the early Arab traders in the 7th century to the Ottoman Empire, to understand its hidden aims. It investigates the practice of signing investment treaties, which appear first during the Fatimid Caliphate2and Mamluk Sultanate3periods. It then explains when control over foreign investment started to diminish during the Ottoman Empire period.4Further, it explains the links between the USA Friendship, Commerce and Navigation treaties (FCNs), and current investment treaties, explaining the impact of colonization and imperialism on drafting treaty provisions. Within this historical context, this article illustrates the need to understand the roots of international investment law in order to urge Arab countries to terminate or renegotiate current bilateral investment treaties (BITs) as a number of developing and developed countries have done.
Naïve Style-Level Feedback Trading in Passive Funds
Authors: Broman Markus S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPassive exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are ideally suited to style-level feedback trading because of their high liquidity, ease of short selling, and pure play on investment styles. I find strong evidence of short-term style-momentum trading in ETFs. Institutional investors that use ETFs do not act as arbitrageurs by trading against style momentum. Institutions, especially less sophisticated ones, are themselves style-momentum traders. Moreover, recent style-level demand predicts style-level return reversals. These findings suggest that uninformed positive feedback trading by less sophisticated market participants can destabilize financial markets in the short run.
Not all wh-dependencies are created equal: processing of multiple wh-questions in Romanian children and adults
Authors: Bentea Anamaria , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the acquisition and processing of multiplewho- andwhich-questions in Romanian that display ordering constraints and involve exhaustivity. Toward that aim, typically developing Romanian children (mean age 8.3) and adults participated in a self-paced listening experiment that simultaneously investigated online processing and offline comprehension of multiple wh-questions. The study manipulated the type of wh-phrase (who/which) and the order in which these elements appear (subject–object [SO]/object–subject [OS]). The response to the comprehension question could address the issue of exhaustivity because we measured whether participants used an exhaustive or a non-exhaustive response. Our findings reveal that both children and adults slow down when processingwho- as compared towhich-phrases, but only adults show an online sensitivity to ordering constraints inwho-questions. Accuracy is higher with multiplewho- thanwhich-questions. The latter pose more difficulties for comprehension, particularly in the OS order. We relate this to intervention effects similar to those proposed for singlewhich-questions. The lack of intervention effects in terms of reaction times indicates that these effects occur at a later stage, after participants have heard the whole sentence and when they interpret its meaning.
APROVECHAMIENTO DEL PAISAJE Y MANEJO DE LA FAUNA EN PALENQUE, CHIAPAS
Authors: Varela Scherrer Carlos Miguel , Liendo Stuardo Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

RESUMENEl estudio del aprovechamiento animal en las ciudades mayas de tierras bajas ha ido en considerable aumento durante los últimos años, incorporando metodologías que han permitido discernir prácticas de cacería, manejo, y cautiverio de algunas especies. En Palenque, los estudios zooarqueológicos poseen una tradición netamente biológica, los cuáles han sido relevantes para entender el aprovechamiento de la fauna en el sitio. Sin embargo, orientados casi en su totalidad en identificar las especies encontradas, carecen de un enfoque social. Desde 2016, el Proyecto Regional Palenque (PREP) ha llevado a cabo estudios zooarqueológicos en el Grupo IV de Palenque, un conjunto habitacional de élite del clásico tardío, en dónde a través de la flotación de sedimentos se ha recuperado una variada fauna, principalmente peces dulceacuícolas, así como restos botánicos que nos permite una interpretación más detallada de los paleopaisajes que rodeaban los asentamientos y discernir prácticas de manejo de poblaciones animales dentro y en los alrededores de las ciudades mayas.