bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application effects of three ventilation methods on swine in winter
Authors: Shi Zhifang , Li Xuanyang , Wang Tianwu , Xi Lei , Cheng Pu , Fang Ming , Liu Weidong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn appropriate housing ventilation system is needed to ensure livestock and poultry health. In this study, 315 90‐d‐old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) crossbred swine were distributed to three experimental swine houses. Each house had 105 swine, with 15 swine in each pen (including seven males and eight females). The ventilation systems for three houses were naturally ventilated, intermittent negative pressure longitudinal mechanical ventilation, and tunnel ventilation. The experiment was monitored for 28 consecutive days. The average temperature and relative humidity of the tunnel‐ventilated swine house were 19.22 °C and 60.79%, respectively, which were higher than other two swine houses (P < .05). The NH3 and CO2 concentrations in the tunnel‐ventilated swine house were lower than the other systems (P < .05). The average daily growth of swine in the tunnel ventilated was 14.9% higher (P < .05) than that in the natural ventilation. The feed/gain (F/G) ratio was 11.44% higher (P < .05) and abnormal behavior was lower in the tunnel ventilated swine house than those in the naturally ventilated swine house. Our results indicate that the tunnel ventilation is the best ventilation system for swine houses during the winter in northern China.
Sites of active gene regulation in the prenatal frontal cortex and their role in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Kouakou Manuela R. , Cameron Darren , Hannon Eilis , Dempster Emma L. , Mill Jonathan , Hill Matthew J. , Bray Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommon genetic variation appears to largely influence risk for neuropsychiatric disorders through effects on gene regulation. It is therefore possible to shed light on the biology of these conditions by testing for enrichment of associated genetic variation within regulatory genomic regions operating in specific tissues or cell types. Here, we have used the assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐Seq) to map open chromatin (an index of active regulatory genomic regions) in bulk tissue, NeuN+ and NeuN− nuclei from the prenatal human frontal cortex, and tested enrichment of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability for five neuropsychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) within these regions. We observed significant enrichment of SNP heritability for ADHD, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia within open chromatin regions (OCRs) mapped in bulk fetal frontal cortex, and for all five tested neuropsychiatric conditions when we restricted these sites to those overlapping histone modifications indicative of enhancers (H3K4me1) or promoters (H3K4me3) in fetal brain. SNP heritability for neuropsychiatric disorders was significantly enriched in OCRs identified in fetal frontal cortex NeuN− as well as NeuN+ nuclei overlapping fetal brain H3K4me1 or H3K4me3 sites. We additionally demonstrate the utility of our mapped OCRs for prioritizing potentially functional SNPs at genome‐wide significant risk loci for neuropsychiatric disorders. Our data provide evidence for an early neurodevelopmental component to a range of neuropsychiatric conditions and highlight an important role for regulatory genomic regions active within both NeuN+ and NeuN− cells of the prenatal brain.
Monitoring the covariance matrix of bivariate processes with the DVMAX control charts
Authors: Machado Marcela A. G. , Lee Ho Linda , Quinino Roberto C. , Celano Giovanni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo versions of Phase II attribute+variable (DVMAX) control charts are investigated for monitoring the covariance matrix of bivariate processes. Monitoring always starts with an attribute chart employing the Max D control chart and, depending on the outcome, a variable control chart named VMAX chart is run at a second stage to check for process stability. In the first version, denoted as the chart, two independent samples are used at the two stages of the same inspection; with the second version, denoted as the chart, the same sample is used at both the first and second stage of the same inspection. This approach, based on the implementation of two types of charts, can be designed to be more advantageous than a single variable control chart in terms of detection speed of a shift in the covariance matrix. In general, we conclude that the control charts not only shows the best statistical performance but also presents a lower average sampling cost. A numerical example illustrates the implementation of the proposed control charts.
Discovery of Quinoline‐Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols as Antiepileptic and Analgesic Agents That Block Sodium Channels
Authors: Williams Ashley , Villamor Laurie , Fussell Jake , Loveless Reid , Smeyne Dylan , Philp Jack , Shaikh Abid , Sittaramane Vinoth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe discovery of novel analgesic agents with high potency, low toxicity and low addictive properties remain a priority. This study aims to identify the analgesic potential of quinoline derived α‐trifluoromethylated alcohols (QTA) and their mechanism of action. We synthesized and characterized several compounds of QTAs and screened them for antiepileptic and analgesic activity using zebrafish larvae in high thorough‐put behavior analyses system. Toxicity and behavioral screening of 9 compounds (C1–C9) identified four candidates (C2, C3, C7 and C9) with antiepileptic properties that induces specific and reversible reduction in photomotor activity. Importantly, compounds C2 and C3 relieved the thermal pain response in zebrafish larvae indicating analgesic property. Further, using novel in vivo CoroNa green assay, we show that compounds C2 and C3 block sodium channels and reduce inflammatory sodium signals released by peripheral nerve and tissue damage. Thus, we have identified novel QTA compounds with antiepileptic and analgesic properties which could alleviate neuropathic pain.
An energy‐efficient routing based on a hybrid improved whale artificial ecosystem optimization algorithm in WSN
Authors: Devi R. Renuga , Sethukarasi T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWireless sensor network (WSN) is an auto‐configured and baseless wireless network system to detect the physical scenarios or atmospheric situations like temperature, sound, pressure, pollutants, and so on. These investigations can be aided for the smooth transmission of data along with the networks. The current smart world exploits WSN in most applications, such as technical applications, industrial applications, low‐power embedded systems, and other smart communications. Even though it has so many applications, the available limited supply resource causes ill effects while transmitting large amounts of data. Hence, we can deem energy efficiency as a crucial factor that affects the performances of WSN. Processes such as routing, and for long‐lasting life span WSN requires more energy. Hence, to have an effective routine and enhanced life span of WSN, we propose a novel energy‐efficient routing protocol based on a hybrid improved whale artificial ecosystem optimization algorithm. To attain an energy‐efficient network it is ineluctable to choose an optimized cluster head and other nodes. These can be performed by evaluating various fitness functions of WSN. Henceforth, the nodes are organized and better routing can be obtained based on the fitness function values. This also improves the energy efficiency of the WSN and has been utilized to select the other forwarding nodes. Experimental analyses are conducted based on the deemed three scenarios which are based on the positioning of the base station (BS) and compared with other prior works. In all aspects, our proposed work has better performances than the other state‐of‐art works.
Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019–mid 2021)
Authors: Kašička Václav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
Analysis of borehole stability in gas drilling using a thermal elastoplastic coupling model
Authors: Zhu Zhongxi , Wang Chaofei , Ye Yuchen , Lei Wanneng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGas drilling causes lower pressure in the borehole and the Joule‐Thomson effect to occur at the bit nozzle, resulting in a temperature distribution in the borehole different from that in the original formation. The borehole temperature is far lower than the original formation temperature near the bottom of the borehole. This temperature difference leads to thermal stress on the borehole. The borehole temperature is higher than the formation temperature in the upper part of the borehole, causing the surrounding rock to expand because of the resulting thermal stress, which enhances the expansion of the surrounding rock into the borehole. The force supporting the borehole wall is thus weaker, and the borehole inevitably deforms under the original in situ stress. Meanwhile, the complete stress‐strain process of rock can be simplified into three linear stages: elasticity, plasticity, and residual. According to the combination of the Tresca yield criterion and the thermal stress, a thermal elastoplastic coupling model was developed to calculate the radii of the plastic softening and broken zones. An example calculation showed that the shrunken thermal stress at the bottom of the borehole could enhance the stability of the borehole wall, while the expansive thermal stress at the top could increase the instability of the borehole. When thermal stress was considered, the thermal elastoplastic model of rock was more consistent with the field measurements than when it was neglected.
Chronic disease and elder mistreatment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Ryan T. , Cafferky Bryan M. , Alejandro Jedd P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis investigated the relationships between chronic diseases and different forms of elder mistreatment (physical, emotional, sexual, financial, neglect, or overall abuse).MethodTwelve different chronic disease risk markers linked to elder mistreatment were gathered from 48 studies (yielding 178 effect sizes (ESs) and a combined sample size of n = 390,785), then organized in to four broad chronic disease categories: endocrine disease, heart disease, neurological disease, and other chronic diseases. Data were analyzed with Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software using a random effects approach.ResultsNeurological disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51), endocrine disease (OR = 1.38), heart disease (OR = 1.17), and other chronic diseases (OR = 1.26) were all significantly associated with elder mistreatments. Neurological disease (OR = 1.51) was found to have a significantly stronger association with elder mistreatment when compared to the heart disease category (OR = 1.17) and the other chronic disease category (OR = 1.26). When specifically investigating emotional abuse, there was a significantly stronger link with neurological disease (OR = 1.48) compared to other chronic diseases (OR = 1.21).ConclusionsThis study provides the first meta‐analytic benchmarks for understanding the links between chronic disease risk markers and different forms of elder mistreatment.
Dudrick Research Symposium: Expanding the boundaries of cancer care through nutrition support
Authors: Pimiento Jose M. , Kraemer William J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe 2020 Dudrick Research Symposium, entitled “Expanding the Boundaries of Cancer Care Through Nutritional Support,” was held on March 30, at the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), Nutrition Science & Practice Conference. It was scheduled to take place in Tampa, Florida, but had to be held virtually. The Dudrick Symposium honors the many pivotal and innovative contributions made by the late Dr Stanley J. Dudrick, physician scientist, academic leader, and a founding member of ASPEN. This year, in addition to honoring his legacy, we honored his life. As the 2019 recipient of the Dudrick Research Scholar Award, Dr Pimiento chaired the symposium. The presentations focused on discussing the history, the present and future frontiers in the overlapping fields of nutrition support and cancer care. The late Dr John Daly opened the presentation with a moving tribute to Dr Dudrick's life and then spoke about the impact of nutrition support on surgical care and outcomes for cancer patients. Dr Pimiento discussed the role of nutraceuticals for cancer chemoprevention, and the level 1 clinical evidence surrounding this topic. Dr Kraemer explored the role of exercise physiology for optimal nutrient utilization and the overlap between targeted physical activity and nutrition support to obtain better outcomes on the cancer population. The symposium was closed by Dr Stephen Hursting, who discussed the impact of obesity in the soaring cancer rates and its relationship with clinical outcomes. In this article, we cover the presentations by Drs Pimiento and Kraemer.
The breath print represents a novel biomarker of malnutrition in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A proof of concept study
Authors: Mey Jacob T. , Rath Mary C. , McLaughlin Kathleen , Galang Marianne , Lynch Kathryn , DiMattio Jaime , Nason Hillary , Yang Shengping , Melillo Celia A. , Grove David E. , Tonelli Adriano R. , Heresi Gustavo A. , Kirwan John P. , Dweik Raed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe breath print is a quantitative measurement of molecules in exhaled breath and represents a new frontier for biomarker identification. It is unknown whether this state‐of‐the‐art, noninvasive method can detect malnutrition. We hypothesize that individuals with malnutrition will present with a distinguishable breath print.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review on patients with previously analyzed breath samples to identify malnutrition. Breath was analyzed by selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry. Registered dietitians conducted a retrospective chart review to collect malnutrition diagnoses and nutrition status indicators. Patients were categorized into one of four groups: pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), PAH with malnutrition (PAH‐Mal), control, and control with malnutrition (Control‐Mal), based on the malnutrition diagnosis present in the patient's chart. Principle component analysis was conducted to characterize the breath print. A logistic regression model with forward selection was used to detect the best breath predictor combination of malnutrition.ResultsA total of 74 patients met inclusion criteria (PAH: 52; PAH‐Mal: 10; control: 10; Control‐Mal: 2). Levels of 1‐octene (PAH‐Mal, 5.1 ± 1.2; PAH, 12.5 ± 11.2; P = 0.005) and ammonia (PAH‐Mal, 14.6 ± 15.8; PAH, 56.2 ± 64.2; P = 0.013) were reduced in PAH‐Mal compared with PAH. The combination of 1‐octene (P = 0.010) and 3‐methylhexane (P = 0.045) distinguished malnutrition in PAH (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve: 0.8549).ConclusionsThis proof of concept study provides the first evidence that the breath print is altered in malnutrition. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these results and establish whether breath analysis may be a useful tool to screen for malnutrition in the clinical setting.
Flexible Low‐Melting Point Radiation Shielding Materials: Soft Elastomers with GaInSnPbBi High‐Entropy Alloy Inclusions
Authors: Wang Kaizhao , Hu Jin , Chen Tianyou , Zhang Weijun , Fan Hongtao , Feng Yongjin , Zhao Ziqiang , Wang Kaijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix soft elastic composite material with low‐melting‐point GaInSnPbBi high‐entropy alloy (LHEA) inclusions is prepared to evaluate its radiation shielding performance. The LHEA is composed of two different three‐component eutectic microstructures, which are grown in a mixed manner to form a complex eutectic structure. The inclusions have excellent mechanical properties that matched the deformation of the PDMS matrix. To evaluate the interaction of the shielding material with photons, the Monte Carlo N‐Particle Extended and XCOM codes are used to determine the shielding parameters of the LHEA/PDMS composites, such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half‐value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number. The composite with 50‐vol% LHEA has the best radiation shielding properties, validated by medical X‐ray imaging experiments. The excellent shielding properties of the flexible lightweight composites are attributed to the higher mass attenuation coefficient of the LHEA inclusions than that of lead.
Role of Gut Microbiota in the Anti‐Colitic Effects of Anthocyanin‐Containing Potatoes
Authors: Li Shiyu , Wang Tianmin , Fu Wenyi , Kennett Mary , Cox Abigail D. , Lee Dale , Vanamala Jairam K. P. , Reddivari Lavanya 
Published: October 2021

ScopeAnthocyanin‐containing potatoes exert anti‐inflammatory activity in colitic mice. Gut bacterial dysbiosis plays a critical role in ulcerative colitis. This study examined the extent to which the anti‐colitic activity of anthocyanin‐containing red/purple‐fleshed potatoes depends on the gut bacteria using a chemically‐induced rodent model of colitis with the intact and antibiotic‐ablated microbiome.Methods and ResultsFour‐week‐old male mice (C57BL6) are randomly assigned to the control diet or 20% purple‐/red‐fleshed potatoes supplemented diet group. The microbiota‐ablated group received an antibiotic cocktail in drinking water. At week nine, colitis is induced by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for five days. Administration of antibiotics resulted in a 95% reduction in gut bacterial load and fecal SCFAs. DSS‐induced elevated gut permeability and body weight loss are more pronounced in antibiotic mice compared to non‐antibiotic mice. Purple‐ or red‐fleshed potato supplementation (20% w/w) ameliorated DSS‐induced reduction in colon length and mucin 2 expression levels, and increase in permeability, spleen weight, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL1‐β) expression levels in non‐antibiotic mice, but not in gut microbiota ablated mice.ConclusionsAnthocyanin‐containing potatoes are potent in alleviating colitis, and the gut microbiome is critical for the anti‐colitic activity of anthocyanin‐containing potatoes.
Extended overstress model and its implicit stress integration algorithm: Formulations, experiments, and simulations
Authors: Anjiki Takuya , Hashiguchi Koichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extended overstress model is formulated based on the subloading surface model with the smooth elastic‐inelastic transition, which is called the subloading‐overstress model. Therein, the rigorous translation rules of the elastic‐core and the similarity‐center, the limitation in the expansion of the subloading surface, and so forth are incorporated. The model possesses the basic structure capable of describing the monotonic/cyclic loading behaviors at the general rate of deformations from the quasi‐static to the impact loading. The experiments were conducted using the spheroidal graphite cast iron under the various loading conditions. It was verified that the experimental results can be simulated accurately by the subloading‐overstress model. Further, the complete implicit stress integration algorithm based on the return‐mapping projection is formulated for the present subloading‐overstress model and implemented into Abaqus through UMAT. Then, the deformation analyses of the R‐notched cylinder were performed by the present algorithm. Consequently, the performability of the present algorithm is verified by the analyses of the boundary‐value problem under the cyclic loadings.
A time‐based arc‐length like method to remove step size effects during fracture propagation
Authors: Hageman Tim , de Borst René 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn arc‐length like method is presented which alters the size of the time increment when simulating crack propagation problems. By allowing the time increment to change during the time step a constraint can be imposed, which is used to enforce the fracture to propagate a single element length per time step. This removes the effect of the (interface) element size on propagating fractures, and therefore allows smooth fracture propagation during the simulation. The benefits of the scheme are demonstrated for three cases: mode‐I crack propagation in a double cantilever beam, a shear fracture including inertial and viscoplastic effects in the surrounding material, and a pressurized fracture inside a poroelastic material. These cases highlight the ability of this scheme to obtain more accurate and nonoscillatory results for the force–displacement relation, to remove numerically induced stepwise fracture propagation, and to allow for arbitrary propagation velocities. An added benefit is that plastic strains surrounding a fracture are no longer affected by the (interface) element size.
Sparse optimal control problems with intermediate constraints: Necessary conditions
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Srikant Sukumar , Chatterjee Debasish , Nagaraha Masaaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article treats optimal sparse control problems with multiple constraints defined at intermediate points of the time domain. For such problems with intermediate constraints, we first establish a new Pontryagin maximum principle that provides first order necessary conditions for optimality in such problems. Then we announce and employ a new numerical algorithm to arrive at, in a computationally tractable fashion, optimal state‐action trajectories from the necessary conditions given by our maximum principle. Several detailed illustrative examples are included.
Development and validation of a two‐segment continuum robot for maxillary sinus surgery
Authors: Hong Wuzhou , Zhou Yuan , Cao Yongfeng , Feng Fan , Liu Zefeng , Li Keyong , Xie Le 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundExisting rigid instruments have difficulties in backward inspection and operation. Moreover, the pathway to the maxillary sinus is curved and narrow, resulting in complex and repetitive manual operations. There is a necessity to develop a retro‐flexing robot and achieve path‐following motion.MethodsA continuum robotic system is developed for maxillary sinus surgery (MSS). And the system adopts an anatomical constraint‐based optimization of the follow‐the‐leader strategy to generate a safe control scheme along a given path.ResultsThe accuracy of the system is evaluated, and the task of reaching deep‐seated targets is performed in a constrained anatomical space. The simulations and experiments of the path‐following motion have validated the feasibility of the proposed method. Furthermore, a preliminary porcine study is performed to assess the capability of instruments.ConclusionsThe developed continuum robotic system can meet the requirements of MSS.