bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the mechanism of peimisine derivatives on NF‐κB inflammation pathway on mice with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Jin Xin , Gao Xu , Lan Meng , Li Chun‐nan , Sun Jia‐ming , Zhang Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeimisine is one of the alkaloids in Fritillariae ussuriensis Bulbus, which has anti‐acute lung injury effect. In order to obtain compounds with superior bio‐activity, 14 new derivatives were obtained from peimisine, and the better activity compounds were screened by MTT method. It was found that boc‐leucine mono peimisine ester monoamide (compound G, 25 μg/ml) had increased cell survival rate and reduced the TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and iNOS levels in RAW 264.7 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated. In vivo, LPS (10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to establish ALI model, and compound G (2.5 or 10 mg/kg) was injected into mice as the experimental group. The results showed that after the compound G (10 mg/kg) treatment, the Wet / Dry ratio of the lung was reduced, and the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and iNOS was inhibited. Meanwhile, compound G (10 mg/kg) could increase the content of IκB protein and reduce the content of p65 protein in lung tissue by Western blot analysis, which may play an anti‐acute lung injury role by inhibiting the activity of NF‐κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, compound G could attenuate LPS‐induced ALI in mice and it may become a new approach to treat ALI.
Lipid raft involvement in signal transduction in cancer cell survival, cell death and metastasis
Authors: Li Borui , Qin Yi , Yu Xianjun , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Wenyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLipid rafts are cholesterol‐ and sphingolipid‐enriched specialized membrane domains within the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts regulate the density and activity of signal receptors by compartmentalizing them, promoting signalling cascades that play important roles in the survival, death and metastasis of cancer cells. In this review, we emphasize the current concept initially postulated by F. Mollinedo and C. Gajate on the importance of lipid rafts in cancer survival, death and metastasis by describing representative signalling pathways, including the IGF system and the PI3K/AKT, Fas/CD95, VEGF/VEGFR2 and CD44 signalling pathways, and we also discuss the concept of CASMER (cluster of apoptotic signalling molecule‐enriched rafts), coined, originally introduced and further advanced by F. Mollinedo and C. Gajate in the period 2005–2010. Then, we summarize relevant research progress and suggest that lipid rafts play important roles in the survival, death and metastasis of cancer cells, making them promising targets for cancer therapy.
Fast species diversification among dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) inhabiting lentic environments regardless of wing pigmentation
Authors: Padilla‐Morales Benjamín , Cornejo‐Páramo Paola , García‐Miranda Oscar , Carrillo Muñoz Aldo Issac , Nieto López Andrea , Castillo‐Morales Daniel L. , Barragán Gustavo Wappler , Urrutia Araxi O. , Serrano‐Meneses Martín Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In dragonflies, species richness shows a marked variation between lineages. Species diversification in this lineage has been linked with habitat variation, but the role of other factors, such as wing pigmentation, arguably one of the most conspicuous traits in dragonflies, have not yet been explored.
In this study, using novel methodology that takes into account state‐dependent speciation, extinction models, and ancestral reconstruction, we investigate the role of wing pigmentation (present/absent) in conjunction with habitat variation (lentic/lotic), to unveil the drivers of species diversification in dragonflies.
We found that wing pigmentation is associated with a marginal increase in diversification compared to unpigmented lineages. Inhabiting a lentic habitat is associated with higher diversification rates. When considering both factors in a single model, lentic environments are associated with higher diversification compared to lotic habitats regardless of pigmentation status. In contrast with results across the whole tree, in lotic environments, wing pigmentation is associated with marginally higher diversification rates compared to non‐pigmented species. Ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the last common ancestor of dragonflies was most likely non‐pigmented and lived in lotic habitats.
Our study provides evidence that wing pigmentation in conjunction with habitat has an important influence on dragonflies species diversification, with habitat being a better differentiator than wing pigmentation.
3D Digital technology as an alternative educational tool in preclinical dentistry
Authors: Yamakami Shelyn Akari , Nagai Manavi , Chutinan Supattriya , Ohyama Hiroe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe advancement of 3D digital scanners has allowed educators to uphold the quality of education whilst implementing novel methods of assessment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare two evaluation methods, conventional and digital scanned assessments, on student cavity preparations and students and faculty's perceptions of these assessment methods.MethodsPredoctoral students performed Class II amalgam and Class III resin composite preparations on simulated teeth for their preclinical competency examinations. Two calibrated faculty evaluated the students’ preparations using dental instruments for conventional assessments and 3D scanned images for digital assessments. Faculty scores from both assessment methods were compared and statistically analysed (p < .05). Students also self‐assessed their performance using the digital scanned images and filled out a perception survey.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the conventional (Class II; 73.3 ± 12.2 and Class III; 82.5 ± 8.9) and the digital assessment with scanned images (Class II; 71.3 ± 11.0 and Class III; 82.2 ± 8.2). Faculty scores from both methods have shown a trend of comparability. Most students agreed that digital ideal preparation models were useful (84.2%) and almost all students agreed that digital technology helped them learn operative dentistry (91.1%). In contrast, most students agreed that conventional assessment should be the main self‐evaluation system (82.2%) and disagreed that digital assessment is more effective than conventional self‐assessment (68.3%).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that 3D digital technology could be an alternative and/or supplementary educational tool to aid in upholding the quality of dental education.
Predictability of dental students’ performance in clinical courses based on their performance in pre‐clinical and academic courses
Authors: Abd Alraheam Islam , Oweis Yara , Al‐Asmar Ayah , Ismail Noor H.I. , Sabra Alaa H.A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesSome dental schools depend on the students’ academic performance for admission purposes. This research aimed at investigating the correlations between dental students’ performance in specific academic courses and their pre‐clinical and clinical counterparts and the correlations between students’ performance in the pre‐clinical practical courses and the clinical courses.MethodsAcademic and practical pre‐clinical and clinical grades were retrieved for 811 students who graduated from the School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, between 2016 and 2018. Ten courses (five academic and five practical) were selected. Pearson's rho test was used to calculate the correlations between the courses.ResultsStatistically significant weak‐to‐moderate positive correlations were found between each academic course and its pre‐clinical or clinical counterparts and between pre‐clinical and clinical courses. A statistically significant positive moderate correlation (p < .001) was found between students’ performance in fourth and fifth year restorative clinics.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the academic performance could partially predict the practical performance in both the pre‐clinical and clinical courses and that the clinical performance could partially be predicted from the pre‐clinical practical performance. Moreover, students who can successfully perform the required clinical procedures in fourth year will successfully perform the required clinical procedures in fifth year. However, other confounding factors should be taken into consideration such as manual dexterity and artistic skills even though their intellectual abilities are average.
Finite freedom: Hegel on the existential function of the state
Authors: Katz Gal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article argues that Hegel's glorification of self‐sacrifice in war is grounded in a commitment to individual freedom. Anticipating the existentialists, Hegel believes that being a human individual—a subject who strives to self‐determination and “infinite uniqueness”—involves a contradiction with one's externally determined finitude, which evokes shame and fear of death. In modern civil society, many individuals experience their finite lives as secure and adequately expressive of their self‐determined uniqueness and are thereby relatively shielded from fear of death. For Hegel, I argue, this experience loses touch with a basic existential condition and coincides with a rigid and “spiritually dead” mindset he calls “self‐will.” Patriotism—including the willingness to self‐sacrifice—constitutes Hegel's remedy to this problematic. The state summons its citizens to face their finitude and thereby injects their lives with renewed vitality and sensitivity.
Longitudinal anxiety in couples during a global pandemic: Considering loss, attachment behaviors, and trauma coping self‐efficacy
Authors: Banford Witting Alyssa , Busby Dean M. , Rellaford Susannah R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 (SARS‐COV‐2) pandemic has had a significant impact on multiple domains of daily functioning in communities, families, and couples. Research on couple dynamics amid mass stress events using dyadic data is still limited. As such, the current study employed a cross‐lagged panel design with 535 cisgender, heterosexual couples to explore longitudinal paths between pandemic‐related loss, attachment behaviors, trauma coping self‐efficacy, and anxiety symptoms. Data were collected at three time points between April and October 2020. The findings demonstrated the potentially mobilizing nature of loss. Higher levels of loss associated with higher levels of attachment behaviors in partners later and higher levels of trauma coping self‐efficacy for men in a partner effect at one lag. Higher levels of attachment behaviors generally associated with improved trauma coping self‐efficacy at the next wave within and across partners, and higher levels of trauma coping self‐efficacy appeared to offset later anxiety within partners. On the other hand, within partners, greater loss is associated with lower levels of attachment behaviors within partners across time. Furthermore, higher anxiety is associated with lower levels of TCSE and higher levels of loss within partners across most lags. Finally, higher trauma coping self‐efficacy is associated with less loss within men at one lag, and greater loss within men at the later lag, which may demonstrate stress and efforts to mobilize to meet it. Indirect effects were found implying the intermediary nature of anxiety and trauma coping self‐efficacy in explaining wave 3 anxiety. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 corrosion behavior of SrZrO3‐La2Ce2O7 composite ceramics
Authors: Ma Wen , Qi Yingwei , Liu Ying , Gao Yuanming , Bai Yu , Jia Ruiling , Dong Hongying , Wang Ruijun , Bao Manyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, the corrosion behavior, interaction products, and the corrosion mechanism of (1‐x)SrZrO3‐xLa2Ce2O7(x = 0.3, S7L3; x = 0.5, S5L5; x = 0.7, S3L7) composite bulks after CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (CMAS) attack at 1250°C for 1, 4, and 12 h were investigated, respectively. The molten CMAS and the bulks rapidly interacted and generated a dense reaction layer, which mainly composed of La‐Ce apatite, Ce2Zr2O7.04, ZrO2 with some Ce, Ca, Si, Mg, and Al elements preventing CMAS from continuous penetration effectively. The formation of CMAS self‐crystallizing products such as Ca2Al2SiO7 gehlenite and Mg‐Al spinel with high melting points increased the viscosity of CMAS. The elements in the ceramic also diffused into the molten CMAS and formed Ce2Zr2O7.04 and La2Ce2O7, increasing the melt viscosity and blocking the penetration channel of the molten CMAS. The S5L5 bulk has the best corrosion resistance against CMAS attacks.
Developments in systemic therapies for the management of lung cancer
Authors: Heynemann Sarah , Mitchell Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLung cancer accounts for approximately 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses annually and is responsible for the most cancer‐associated deaths in Australia. Despite such figures, there is reason for optimism with many practice‐changing developments to report for the management of patients with thoracic malignancies over the last few years. We outline such changes, including the emerging role of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting for patients with localised non‐small‐cell lung cancer, as well as the established standard of consolidation immunotherapy following definitive chemoradiotherapy for those with locally advanced disease. In the metastatic setting, combination chemotherapy–immunotherapy approaches have become the new paradigm for most patients in the absence of a recognised driver mutation. A range of novel targeted therapies now exist and are Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)‐subsidised for targets such as EGFR, ALK and ROS1, with many others, such as KRAS G12C, NTRK, MET, RET and HER2, also with therapies rapidly being developed. Even among patients with small‐cell lung cancer, who account for the worst prognoses and until recently have received a chemotherapy regimen that has remained unchanged in over 20 years, there is a new standard‐of‐care in combination chemotherapy–immunotherapy. Furthermore, immunotherapy and potentially anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents now also play a role in mesothelioma treatment. Last, given recent developments in immunotherapy, targeted therapy and combination approaches in the non‐small‐cell lung cancer space, there is an increasing recognition of the diversity of lived experience for such patients and need for survivorship programmes to acknowledge such nuances.
Feasibility of collecting wound fluid during ongoing negative pressure wound therapy by the use of an additional container – A prospective observational study
Authors: Wolfsberger Christina Helene , Maitz Emanuel , Schmachtl Philipp , Winkler Sonja , Luschnig Daniel , Sigl Eva , Heinzle Andrea , Gamerith Clemens , Tuca Alexandru‐Cristian , Schintler Michael V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNegative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy is commonly used in clinical routine for wound management. Aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and safety of using an additional container to collect wound fluid during ongoing negative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy. In this present prospective observational study, patients with negative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy were included. An additional container was inserted in the connecting tube between the wound and the vacuum generating device. The following 3 days, the container was changed daily and replaced by a new one. Further safety outcome parameters were assessed. A questionnaire was answered by the responsible surgeon. Twenty‐two patients with negative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy with a median (IQR) age of 58.5 (53.0‐70.0) years were included in the present study. In median, the duration of negative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy was 5.0 (4.6‐5.5) days. In mean ± SD the collected volume of the wound fluid in millilitres (mL) was on day one 7 ± 4 on day two 8 ± 7 and 10 ± 11 on day three. In one patient, there was <0.1 mL of clear water in the additional container. No safety concerns due to the additional container were observed. This study demonstrates that collecting wound fluid during ongoing negative‐pressure‐wound‐therapy over a time period of 3 days is feasible and safe. No safety concerns were observed.
Justice Principles, Empirical Beliefs, and Cognitive Biases: Reply to Buchanan's ‘When Knowing What Is Just and Being Committed to Achieving it Is Not Enough’
Authors: Moore Margaret 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis article raises three concerns about Buchanan's argument related to the individualist description of ideology and psychological description of the obstacles to justice, as well as the way in which he separates empirical and normative beliefs, which, the article argues, are much more closely connected in all the examples that he raises. In the end, however, it agrees with Buchanan's central contention concerning the cognitive biases that interfere with progress towards justice, but, it argues, these operate at a more sub‐conscious level than described by Buchanan.
Dead Ends and Blind Spots in the European Semester: The Epistemological Foundation of the Crisis in Social Reproduction
Authors: Cavaghan Rosalind , Elomäki Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article provides new perspectives on the persistent hierarchy between ‘social’ and ‘economic’ goals in European Union's (EU) economic governance. We operationalize insights from feminist economics and political economy to analyse the agenda‐setting documents of the European Semester – the Annual Growth Surveys (AGS) – showing how the much‐debated integration of social goals into the European Semester is fundamentally constrained by mainstream economic epistemologies. These epistemologies misrepresent interrelationships between the productive economy and the reproductive labour needed to maintain it. Using interpretive policy analysis, we show how multiple concepts and measurements used to conceptualize policy goals and impacts within the AGSs, coalesce to systematically misrepresent reproductive labour as a ‘social’ activity, an irrelevance, or a cost, rather than a macroeconomic input. This restricts the possibilities of enhancing the social dimension of the European Semester, in ways conspicuously ignored by the existing literature, which are of heightened salience in the wake of Covid‐19.
Puerto Rican adolescents’ visits to the island, familial ethnic socialization, and cultural orientation
Authors: Villalobos Solís Myriam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFamilial ethnic socialization is an important way in which Latino youth in the United States become oriented toward their culture. Although many Latino adolescents have contact with their familial homelands outside the United States, which may also promote their cultural orientation, extant research has focused on familial ethnic socialization within the U.S. The present study examined visits to the familial homeland as an ethnic socialization process among 105 stateside Puerto Rican adolescents (M = 15.96 years, SD = 1.41; 52% girls). Factor analyses suggested that visits to Puerto Rico and familial ethnic socialization were not part of the same construct. Moreover, path analyses showed that visits to Puerto Rico and familial ethnic socialization were associated with different aspects of Puerto Rican youths’ cultural orientation. Consistent with previous work, increased familial ethnic socialization was associated with greater ethnic identity and overall endorsement of the Latino values of family obligations and respeto. In contrast, more frequent visits to Puerto Rico were associated with greater expected endorsement of family obligations and respeto in challenging daily life situations.
Coming full circle: Past, present, and future research on ethnic‐racial socialization
Authors: Niwa Erika Y. , Hughes Diane L. , Ruck Martin D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen this special issue was first proposed in 2019, we endeavored to push forward scholarship about the various ways in which individuals, interactions, and settings communicate messages to children and youth about ethnicity and race. In particular, we aimed to broaden the scope of our current understanding of ethnic‐racial socialization through the inclusion of theory and research that took a more expansive approach. We sought papers focused on multiple agents of socialization, including settings, that also (a) featured diverse ethnic‐racial groups and national contexts, (b) covered a wide swath of development, from early childhood through emerging adulthood, (c) employed varied methodological approaches, and (d) centered intersectional perspectives. As the world continues to change shape in the face of the ongoing Covid‐19 pandemic and broad‐based racial justice movements, this special issue feels ever more urgent and pressing. The articles presented in this special issue are diverse and expansive in their focus, approach, content, and findings. Yet, despite their breadth, they offer critical insight into three key questions facing the study of ethnic‐racial socialization: Where are we coming from? Where are we now? And where are we headed?
Attentional progress by conceptual engineering
Authors: Kitsik Eve 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoes conceptual engineering as a philosophical method deserve all the attention that it has been getting recently? The important philosophical questions, one might say, are about the world, not about what our concepts are or should be like. This paper fleshes out one way in which conceptual engineering can contribute to philosophical progress. The suspicion that conceptual engineering is getting too much attention presupposes that it is important to distribute our philosophical attention well (for example, conceptual engineering should not get more than its fair share). The paper’s defense of conceptual engineering builds on that assumption. Conceptual engineering, it argues, is a way of configuring philosophers’ patterns of attention for the better: it serves attentional progress in philosophy.
Arabidopsis ACYL‐ACTIVATING ENZYME 9 (AAE9) encoding an isobutyl‐CoA synthetase is a key factor connecting branched‐chain amino acid catabolism with iso‐branched wax biosynthesis
Authors: Li Shipeng , Yang Xianpeng , Huang Haodong , Qiao Rong , Jenks Matthew A. , Zhao Huayan , Lü Shiyou 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Iso‐branched wax compounds are well known in plants, but their biosynthetic pathways are still mostly unknown. It has been speculated that branched waxes are derived from branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, but the evidence for this is very limited.

Gas chromatography‐flame ionisation detection (GC‐FID) analysis revealed that mutations in two subunits of the branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a key enzyme complex in the degradation of BCAAs, significantly decreased the amounts of branched wax compounds, indicating that BCAA degradation may be integral to the synthesis of iso‐branched wax. Substrate feeding studies further revealed that the metabolic precursor of iso‐branched wax compounds is isobutyric acid (iBA), which is derived from valine degradation in Arabidopsis.

We also isolated a novel mutant and found that its branched wax deficient phenotype could not be rescued by iBA. Map‐based cloning together with complementation analysis revealed that mutation in ACYL‐ACTIVATING ENZYME 9 (AAE9) is responsible for this phenotype.

Genetic and enzyme activity analysis demonstrated that AAE9 is located downstream of the BCAA degradation pathway, and that it activates iBA to isobutyryl‐CoA for use on branched wax synthesis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that AAE9 is a key factor connecting BCAA catabolism with branched wax biosynthesis.