bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from dairy cattle manure
Authors: Hanafiah M M , Ibraheem A J , Razman K K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in reducing production and emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming. Greenhouse gases can be produced through animal production operations. One of the major sources of greenhouse gases emitted from the animal farming is dairy cattle barns. This study measured the CH4 and CO2 emissions from dairy cattle manure decomposition trapped inside the static chambers through anaerobic digestion process by bacteria and at regular intervals by focusing on animal age and manure storage method. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography for the estimation of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Four Friesian cows were used representing two stages of cow age (3 and 10 years old) and 1 kg of fresh manure samples were collected (feces and mixture of feces with urine). It was found that CH4 and CO2 emissions produced by cattle at the age of 3 years were higher than age of 10 years. In addition, gases emitted from fresh slurry feces were higher than liquid manure for both ages (3 and 10 years). This is due to the fact that the organic matter degradation in the feces and amount of fresh slurry feces is twice the amount of fresh slurry feces used in the liquid manure, as well as the organic matter in the manure mass for the age of 3 years is higher than for the age of 10 years. The findings from this study can provide information for improving manure management practices in animal farms.
De novo FZR1loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Manivannan Sathiya N , Roovers Jolien , Smal Noor , Myers Candace T , Turkdogan Dilsad , Roelens Filip , Kanca Oguz , Chung Hyung-Lok , Scholz Tasja , Hermann Katharina , Bierhals Tatjana , Caglayan Hande S , Stamberger Hannah ,   MAE Working Group of EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium, Craiu Dana , Davila Carol , Helbig Ingo , Guerrini Renzo , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Marini Carla , Muhle Hiltrud , Møller Rikke S , Neubauer Bernd , Pal Deb , Sterbova Katalin , Striano Pasquale , Talvik Tiina , von Spiczak Sarah , Weber Yvonne , Hoffman-Zacharska Dorota , Mefford Heather , de Jonghe Peter , Yamamoto Shinya , Weckhuysen Sarah , Bellen Hugo J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFZR1, which encodes the Cdh1 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, plays an important role in neurodevelopment by regulating the cell cycle and by its multiple post-mitotic functions in neurons. In this study, evaluation of 250 unrelated patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and a connection on GeneMatcher led to the identification of three de novo missense variants in FZR1.Whole-exome sequencing in 39 patient–parent trios and subsequent targeted sequencing in an additional cohort of 211 patients was performed to identify novel genes involved in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Functional studies in Drosophila were performed using three different mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue of FZR1 fzr.All three individuals carrying de novo variants in FZR1 had childhood-onset generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, mild ataxia and normal head circumference. Two individuals were diagnosed with the developmental and epileptic encephalopathy subtype myoclonic atonic epilepsy. We provide genetic-association testing using two independent statistical tests to support FZR1 association with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Further, we provide functional evidence that the missense variants are loss-of-function alleles using Drosophila neurodevelopment assays. Using three fly mutant alleles of the Drosophila homologue fzr and overexpression studies, we show that patient variants can affect proper neurodevelopment.With the recent report of a patient with neonatal-onset with microcephaly who also carries a de novo FZR1 missense variant, our study consolidates the relationship between FZR1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and expands the associated phenotype. We conclude that heterozygous loss-of-function of FZR1 leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with a spectrum of neonatal to childhood-onset seizure types, developmental delay and mild ataxia. Microcephaly can be present but is not an essential feature of FZR1-encephalopathy. In summary, our approach of targeted sequencing using novel gene candidates and functional testing in Drosophila will help solve undiagnosed myoclonic atonic epilepsy or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy cases.
The representation of time windows in primate auditory cortex
Authors: Dheerendra Pradeep , Baumann Simon , Joly Olivier , Balezeau Fabien , Petkov Christopher I , Thiele Alexander , Griffiths Timothy D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Whether human and nonhuman primates process the temporal dimension of sound similarly remains an open question. We examined the brain basis for the processing of acoustic time windows in rhesus macaques using stimuli simulating the spectrotemporal complexity of vocalizations. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging in awake macaques to identify the functional anatomy of response patterns to different time windows. We then contrasted it against the responses to identical stimuli used previously in humans. Despite a similar overall pattern, ranging from the processing of shorter time windows in core areas to longer time windows in lateral belt and parabelt areas, monkeys exhibited lower sensitivity to longer time windows than humans. This difference in neuronal sensitivity might be explained by a specialization of the human brain for processing longer time windows in speech.
Climatic niche breadths of the Atlantic Forest snakes do not increase with increasing latitude
Authors: Portillo José Thales da Motta , Barbo Fausto Erritto , Sawaya Ricardo J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The climatic niche is a central concept for understanding species distribution, with current and past climate interpreted as strong drivers of present and historical-geographical ranges. Our aim is to understand whether Atlantic Forest snakes follow the general geographical pattern of increasing species climatic niche breadths with increasing latitude. We also tested if there is a tradeoff between temperature and precipitation niche breadths of species in order to understand if species with larger breadths of one niche dimension have stronger dispersal constraints by the other due to narrower niche breadths. Niche breadths were calculated by the subtraction of maximal and minimal values of temperature and precipitation across species ranges. We implemented Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares to measure the relationship between temperature and precipitation niche breadths and latitude. We also tested phylogenetic signals by Lambda statistics to analyze the degree of phylogenetic niche conservatism to both niche dimensions. Temperature niche breadths were not related to latitude. Precipitation niche breadths decreased with increasing latitude and presented a high phylogenetic signal, that is, significant phylogenetic niche conservatism. We rejected the tradeoff hypotheses of temperature and precipitation niche breadths. Our results also indicate that precipitation should be an important ecological constraint affecting the geographical distribution of snake lineages across the South American Atlantic Forest. We then provide a general view of how phylogenetic niche conservatism could impact the patterns of latitudinal variation of climatic niches across this biodiversity hotspot.
Improved Outcomes of Paediatric and Adult Crohn’s Disease and Association With Emerging Use of Biologics–A Nationwide Study From the Epi-IIRN
Authors: Atia Ohad , Orlanski-Meyer Esther , Lujan Rona , Ledderman Natan , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Daher Saleh , Yanai Henit , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Gabay Hagit , Matz Eran , Nevo Daniel , Israeli Eran , Schwartz Doron , Chowers Yehuda , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of biologics for improving long-term outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] is still controversial. In this nationwide study, we aimed to evaluate trends of long-term outcomes in all CD patients in Israel during the biologics era.MethodsTrends of outcomes were analysed using data from the four Israeli health maintenance organisations, covering 98% of the population; joinpoint regression models were used to explore changes of these trends over 2005 to 2019.ResultsA total of 16 936 patients were diagnosed with CD in Israel since 2005 (2932 [17%] paediatric onset, 14 004 [83%] adult onset) with 114 947 person-years of follow-up. The cumulative rate of any CD related surgery was 5%, 9%, 11%, and 14% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years from diagnosis. The increase in use of biologics was sharp (from 8.9% to 36%; average annual percent change [AAPC], 14.3%), and the time to biologics was shorter in recent years (median time of 4.8 [1.9–8.1] years in those diagnosed in 2005–2008 compared with 0.5 [0.2–1.1] years in those diagnosed in 2015–2018; p &lt; 0.001). A significant decrease was noted in the hazard of hospitalisations (1.3 [0.1–4.6] years compared with 0.2 [0.02–0.9] years; p &lt; 0.001), steroid dependency (1.5 [0.2–5.4] years compared with 0.1 [0.02–0.4] years; p &lt; 0.001), and intestinal surgeries [4.7 [1.6–8.2] years compared with 0.6 [0.2–1.4] years; p &lt; 0.001), but not of perianal surgery (4.2 [1.1–7.7] years compared with 0.6 [0.2–1.4] years; p = 0.2). Outcomes were consistently worse in paediatric onset compared with adults.ConclusionsThe rates of hospitalisations, steroid dependency, and intestinal resections decreased in association with increased use of biologics both in children and in adults, but not the rate of perianal surgeries.
Survivorship and Development of the Invasive Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on Wild and Cultivated Temperate Host Plants
Authors: Nixon Laura J , Jones Sharon K , Tang Lisa , Urban Julie , Felton Karen , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, (White Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) continues to spread throughout the Eastern United States. This species exhibits a broad host range, with tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, commonly referred to as the preferred host. Here, we evaluated 2-wk survivorship of early nymphal instars, late nymphal instars, and adult L. delicatula on single diets of ten wild and cultivated hosts: tree of heaven; apple, Malus domestica; peach, Prunus persica; black cherry, P. serotina Ehrh; black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L.; black walnut, Juglans nigra L.; common hackberry Celtis occidentalis L.; mulberry Morus alba L.; sugar maple Acer saccharum Marshall; white oak, Quercus alba L.. Among them, early and late instars had significantly greater survivorship on tree of heaven and black walnut and adults had greatest survivorship on tree of heaven. Additionally, we evaluated development and survivorship of L. delicatula from newly hatched nymphs to adulthood on single diets of tree of heaven, black walnut, grapevine, apple, and peach, and mixed diets of tree of heaven plus one other host. Single host diets that supported L. delicatula development to adulthood were tree of heaven and black walnut. Interestingly, mixed diets also supported development, and reduced development time to adults by up to 12% compared with the single tree of heaven diet. Our results suggest that within agroecosystems and across landscapes, L. delicatula can develop on single hosts such as tree of heaven, but also on multiple host plants, yielding adults earlier in the growing season.
Arrhythmic CArdiac DEath in MYotonic dystrophy type 1 patients (ACADEMY 1) study: the predictive role of programmed ventricular stimulation
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Papa Andrea Antonio , Rago Anna , Ciardiello Carmine , Martino Anna Maria , Stazi Alessandra , Golino Paolo , Calò Leonardo , Nigro Gerardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) predisposes to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Our study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) in DM1 patients with conduction system disease.

Methods and results
Arrhythmic CArdiac DEath in MYotonic dystrophy type 1 patients (ACADEMY 1) is a double-arm non-randomized interventional prospective study. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients with permanent cardiac pacing indication were eligible for the inclusion. The study population underwent to pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation according to the inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias at PVS. Primary endpoint of the study was a composite of appropriate ICD therapy and cardiac arrhythmic death. The secondary study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Seventy-two adult-onset DM1 patients (51 ± 12 years; 39 male) were enrolled in the study. A ventricular tachyarrhythmia was induced in 25 patients (34.7%) at PVS (PVS+) who underwent dual chambers ICD implantation. The remaining 47 patients (65.3%) without inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia (PVS−) were treated with dual-chamber PM. During an average observation period of 44.7 ± 10.2 months, nine patients (12.5%) met the primary endpoint, four in the ICD group (16%) and five (10.6%) in the PM group. Thirteen patients died (18.5%), 2 in the ICD group (8%) and 11 in PM group (23.4%). The Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show a significantly different risk of both primary and secondary endpoint event rates between the two groups.

Conclusions
The inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias has shown a limited value in the arrhythmic risk stratification among DM1 patients.
Disparity and Diversion: Domestic Economic Inequality and MID Initiation
Authors: Long Stephen B , Pickering Jeffrey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScholarship has demonstrated that domestic economic inequality is related to a number of forms of intrastate conflict, such as civil wars and rebellions. There are good reasons to believe that it also has an impact on the initiation of militarized interstate disputes for diversionary reasons. Such use of external force may refocus popular attention and may reinforce the strong nationalist sentiment that tends to prevail in societies with substantial economic inequality. Our empirical results support this contention in democracies but, as expected, not in autocracies. At a time when domestic economic inequality is rising across the world, our findings may be timely.
GPS determined coseismic slip of the 2021Mw7.4 Maduo, China, earthquake and its tectonic implication
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Fan , Jiang Xin , Tian Jianbo , Li Yu , Sun Jiaobao , Shen Zheng-Kang 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on the Jiangcuo fault within the Bayan Har block in eastern Tibet. It is a rather unique event and attests that large earthquakes can occur in the interior of major tectonic blocks within the Tibetan plateau. By processing GPS data observed in the eastern Tibet region, we produce a data set documenting 3-D coseismic displacements of the Maduo earthquake. Using the data set to constrain a coseismic slip model, we find that the earthquake ruptured a nearly vertical fault about 170 km in length, with ∼90% of the moment released in the shallow layer above 20 km depth. The maximum slip of ∼3.6 m occurred near the surface around a bend in the east segment of the fault. The overall seismic moment release is 1.82 × 1020 N m and is equivalent to Mw7.4. Driven by the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau, the deformation field in eastern Tibet is dominated by left-lateral shear, with the strikes of the tectonic faults rotating clockwise from west to east along with the shear stress orientation. This deformation pattern explains the mechanisms of earthquakes along block boundary faults, as well as the ones on faults within the blocks. The Jiangcuo fault is located ∼70 km south of the East Kunlun fault and could be connected to the Kunlun Mountain Pass fault to its WNW that ruptured during the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, and a seismic gap of ∼240 km long between the two faults is worth special attention for its increased earthquake potential.
Effects of JAK1-Preferential Inhibitor Filgotinib on Circulating Biomarkers and Whole Blood Genes/Pathways of Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Serone Adrian , Yoon Oh Kyu , Zhuo, Luting , Grant Ethan , Woo Jacky , Liu Jinfeng , Galien René , D’Haens Geert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPro-inflammatory cytokines are dysregulated in Crohn’s disease (CD) and could serve as surrogate markers to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially addressing an unmet need. We profiled circulating biomarkers and whole blood transcriptional pathway activity to identify those associated with CD using data from the phase 2 FITZROY study with filgotinib, an oral preferential janus kinase-1 inhibitor.MethodsPatients with serum and whole blood samples taken from the induction period were included. Serum cytokines were measured (ELISA), whole blood RNA sequenced, and stool samples taken to measure fecal calprotectin (FC). Spearman’s Rank correlations were assessed between biomarkers and baseline disease activity; post-treatment endoscopic improvement was measured by the Simplified Endoscopy Score for CD (SES-CD), FC and the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. Effect of filgotinib on circulating biomarkers was also evaluated.ResultsSerum biomarkers (n = 168) and whole blood RNA sequencing (n = 104) were assessed. Moderate correlation between serum analytes with SES-CD and FC was noted; most highly correlated were acute phase proteins CRP (rho = 0.35 [SES-CD] and 0.47 [FC]), serum amyloid A (rho = 0.40 and 0.39, respectively) and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (rho = 0.31 and 0.30, respectively), IL-22 (rho = 0.36 and 0.35, respectively), and oncostatin M (rho = 0.35 and 0.33, respectively). Filgotinib treatment was associated with reduction of many candidate biomarkers, particularly in patients with treatment response. Early changes in IL-6 and IL-10 may be prognostic for endoscopic response.ConclusionsSeveral circulating factors with potential as CD activity biomarkers were identified. Larger studies are necessary to investigate the best utility of these markers for CD.
Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Strain Variation on Virus Neutralization Titers: Therapeutic Use of Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Xiao Julie , Simmonds Peter , Lamikanra Abigail , Odon Valerie , Ratcliff Jeremy , Townsend Alain , Roberts David J , Harvala Heli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We compared neutralizing antibody titers of convalescent samples collected before and after the emergence of novel strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), against the wild-type virus and Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Beta (B.1.351) variants. Plasma samples collected in 2020 before emergence of variants showed reduced titers against the Alpha variants, and both sets of samples demonstrated significantly reduced titers against Beta. Comparison of microneutralization titers with those obtained with pseudotype and hemagglutination tests showed a good correlation between their titers and effects of strain variation, supporting the use of these simpler assays for assessing the potency of convalescent plasma against currently circulating and emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Hydroxy-selenomethionine as an organic source of selenium in the diet improves boar reproductive performance in artificial insemination programs
Authors: Pavaneli Ana Paula P , Martinez Cristian H G , Nakasone Denis H , Pedrosa Ana Carolina , Mendonça Maitê V , Martins Simone M M K , Kawai Giulia K V , Nagai Ken K , Nichi Marcilio , Fontinhas-Netto Garros V , Fagundes Naiara S , Alkmin Diego V , de Andrade André F C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to compare different selenium (Se) sources in the diet on boar's semen quality and fertility. For this, 28 boars aged 8 to 28 months were fed with the following dietary treatments for 95 days: 0.3 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite (SS, n = 14) and 0.3 mg Se/kg as hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet, n = 14). During this period, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the semen of all boars was evaluated every 2 weeks. Raw semen was initially evaluated for the processing of seminal doses, which were stored at 17 °C for 72 h, followed by sperm quality assessments. Furthermore, Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured in the seminal plasma. In experiment 2, 728 females were inseminated weekly with seminal doses from boars of the different experimental groups to further assess in vivo fertility and litter characteristics. Results demonstrated that boars fed OH-SeMet had more Se in their seminal plasma (p &lt; 0.05), showing the greater bioavailability of the organic source in the male reproductive system. Moreover, boars fed OH-SeMet tended (p &lt; 0.10) towards a higher total sperm count in the ejaculate (66.60 vs. 56.57 × 10 9 sperm), and the number of seminal doses (22.11 vs. 18.86; 3 × 10 9 sperm/dose) when compared to those fed SS. No effect of the dietary treatments was observed on GPx activity in seminal plasma (p &gt; 0.05), as well as on raw and stored semen quality (p &gt; 0.05). Under in vivo conditions, seminal doses from boars fed OH-SeMet tended (p &lt; 0.10) towards a higher pregnancy rate at weeks 3, 5, and 8, and also resulted in a higher (p &lt; 0.05) percentage of pregnant females in the overall period (99.30 vs. 97.00). In conclusion, the replacement of SS with OH-SeMet in boars' diet can improve sperm production and results in better reproductive performance for them, bringing greater productivity and profitability to artificial insemination centers and commercial pig farms.
Immune and metabolic effects of rumen-protected methionine during a heat stress challenge in lactating Holstein cows
Authors: Pate Russell T , Luchini Daniel , Cant John P , Baumgard Lance H , Cardoso Felipe C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multiparous, lactating Holstein cows (n = 32) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments [TMR with rumen-protected Met (RPM) or TMR without RPM (CON)], and within each dietary treatment group cows were randomly assigned to one of two environmental treatment groups in a split-plot crossover design. In phase 1 (9 d), all cows were fed ad libitum and in thermoneutral conditions (TN). In phase 2 (9 d), group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to a heat stress (HS) challenge (HSC). Group 2 cows (n = 16) were pair-fed (PFTN) to HSC counterparts and remained in TN. After a 21-d washout period, the study was repeated (period 2) and the environmental treatments were inverted relative to treatments from phase 2 of period 1, while dietary treatments remained the same for each cow. During phase 1, cows in RPM had greater plasma Met concentration compared with cows in CON (59 and 30 µM, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Cows in PFTN had a greater decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in plasma insulin than cows in HSC at 4 h (−2.7 µIU/mL vs. −0.7 µIU/mL) and 8 h (−7.7 µIU/mL vs. −0.4 µIU/mL) during phase 2. Compared with cows in PFTN, cows in HSC had an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in plasma serum amyloid A (−59 µg/mL vs. +58 µg/mL), serum haptoglobin (−3 µg/mL vs. +33 µg/mL), plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (−0.27 and +0.11 µg/mL), and plasma interleukin-1β (−1.9 and +3.9 pg/mL) during phase 2. In conclusion, HSC elicited immunometabolic alterations; however, there were limited effects of RPM on cows in HSC.