bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong genotype‐by‐genotype interactions between aphid‐defensive symbionts and parasitoids persist across different biotic environments
Authors: Gimmi Elena , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of coevolution between hosts and parasites are influenced by their genetic interactions. Highly specific interactions, where the outcome of an infection depends on the precise combination of host and parasite genotypes (G × G interactions), have the potential to maintain genetic variation by inducing negative frequency‐dependent selection. The importance of this effect also rests on whether such interactions are consistent across different environments or modified by environmental variation (G × G × E interaction). In the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, resistance to its parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum is largely determined by the possession of a heritable bacterial endosymbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, with strong G × G interactions between H. defensa and L. fabarum. A key environmental factor in this system is the host plant on which the aphid feeds. Here, we exposed genetically identical aphids harbouring three different strains of H. defensa to three asexual genotypes of L. fabarum and measured parasitism success on three common host plants of A. fabae, namely Vicia faba, Chenopodium album and Beta vulgaris. As expected, we observed the pervasive G × G interaction between H. defensa and L. fabarum, but despite strong main effects of the host plants on average rates of parasitism, this interaction was not altered significantly by the host plant environment (no G × G × E interaction). The symbiont‐conferred specificity of resistance is thus likely to mediate the coevolution of A. fabae and L. fabarum, even when played out across diverse host plants of the aphid.
Overtreatment: Is a solution possible?
Authors: Hubbeling Dieneke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScreening is a useful tool for identifying potential health issues; however, it can also lead to overtreatment. Consequently, patients are sometimes harmed by unnecessary treatments and there are cost implications. Overtreatment can also occur in other areas of medicine besides screening and sometimes medical interventions are used to improve performance rather than to treat disease. In this paper, a distinction is made between the perspectives of the patient and the government. For patients, autonomy is important, and they can refuse life‐saving treatments, assuming they have decision‐making capacity. They can also choose to be treated to avoid a very small risk or to improve their performance. For a government with limited funds, it is important to focus on outcomes and fund those screening programmes and other medical interventions that can potentially save the most lives or prevent severe disability. Governments also have the power to legislate to enable a level playing field by prohibiting medications that improve performance, but there is no general consensus about this, and regulations can only be applied to specific, well‐defined activities. The problem with overtreatment results from the different interests involved: autonomy is the guiding idea for patients and outcome is the guiding measure for societies. A general solution will not be possible because of these inherent conflicting interests. However, medical research may improve the identification and predictions surrounding any anomalies detected during scans and reduce the problem in practice for specific conditions.
What happens to diet quality in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? The 3D case‐series study
Authors: Burch Emily , Williams Lauren T. , Thalib Lukman , Ball Lauren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiet quality plays an important role in the prevention of diabetes‐related complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence is scarce on how diet quality typically changes over time after diagnosis. The present study aimed to describe how the diet quality of individuals newly diagnosed with T2DM changes over a 12‐month period and to identify factors associated with diet quality changes.MethodsA 12‐month prospective, observational case‐series study was undertaken. Two‐hundred and twenty‐five Australian adults (56% men) newly diagnosed with T2DM were recruited from the Diabetes Australia national database. Participants completed five interviewer‐administered surveys over 12 months: baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Demographic, physical and health characteristics, and dietary intake data were collected at each timepoint. Diet quality was assessed using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scoring tool. To assess changes in DASH, energy, fruit and vegetable intake over time, repeated measure analyses of variance were used. Multivariate repeated measures models investigated characteristics associated with these dietary changes.ResultsThe mean DASH score of the sample remained stable at 24.0 across the 12 months. Very few participants (6.8%) improved diet quality consistently across the study period. No associations between DASH, energy, fruit or vegetable intake over time and characteristics were observed.ConclusionsThis observational study suggests that without dedicated interventions (the natural course), most people newly diagnosed with T2DM will not achieve meaningful diet quality change. The development of cost‐effective interventions to achieve sustained diet quality change early after diagnosis are warranted.
Geopolitics and regionalism: A Latin American perspective
Authors: Rivarola Puntigliano Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe issue of regional integration has been widely analyzed and debated for a long time. Yet, there is still a limited connection between regional integration issues and geopolitical perspectives. With an analysis focused on Latin America, this study aims to map out theory and practice on this subject. In doing so, the study explores different points of view in relation to regions and geopolitics, and how these two elements are combined in the specific topic of regional integration. This article shows that, in Latin America, there are specific contributions, such as the so‐called ‘geopolitics of integration’. Different variations across time and states are identified, as well as common elements such as the search for ‘autonomy’ and ‘development’ as related to issues such as ‘nationalism’ and ‘resistance’ toward imperialism.
Right ventricular end‐diastolic volume and outcomes in exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Leong Paul , Osadnik Christian R. , King Paul T. , MacDonald Martin I. , Ko Brian S. , Lau Kenneth K. , Joosten Simon A. , Kathriachchige Gayan , Chua Alexander , Hamza Kais , Kuganesan Ahilan , Troupis John M. , Bardin Philip G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveRight ventricular (RV) volumes are crucial outcome determinants in pulmonary diseases. Little is known about the associations of RV volumes during hospitalized acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We aimed to ascertain associations of RV end‐diastolic volume indexed to body surface area (RVEDVI) during hospitalized AECOPD and its relationship with mortality in long‐term follow‐up.MethodsThis is a prospective observational cohort study (December 2013–November 2019, ACTRN12617001562369) using dynamic retrospective ECG‐gated computed tomography during hospitalized AECOPD. RVEDVI was defined as normal or high using Framingham Offspring Cohort values. Cox regression determined the prognostic relevance of RVEDVI for death.ResultsA total of 148 participants (70 ± 10 years [mean ± SD], 88 [59%] men) were included, of whom 75 (51%) had high RVEDVI. This was associated with more frequent hospital admissions in the 12 months before admission (52/75 [69%] vs. 38/73 [52%], p = 0.04) and higher breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council score, 2.9 ± 1.3 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.007). During follow‐up, high RVEDVI was associated with greater mortality (log‐rank p = 0.001). In univariable Cox regression, increasing RVEDVI was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02 per ml/m2; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; p = 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression, RVEDVI was independently associated with mortality (HR: 1.01 per ml/m2; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03; p = 0.050) at a borderline significance level. Adding RVEDVI to three COPD mortality prediction systems improved model fit (pooled chi‐square test [BODE: p = 0.05, ADO: p = 0.04, DOSE: p = 0.02]).ConclusionIn patients with hospitalized AECOPD, higher RV end‐diastolic volume was associated with worse acute clinical parameters and greater mortality.
AI‐enhanced soil management and smart farming
Authors: Chen Qianyu , Li Lanyu , Chong Clive , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil and crop management are facing challenges, in particular an increasing pressure to feed a growing population and improve food safety. Smart farming assists in dealing with these issues by incorporating information and communication technologies into farming practice. The Multiponics Vertical Farming (MVF) system is a very promising concept in smart farming that saves space, transportation cost and delivery time. Complicated systems and messy data can be processed by advanced technologies to achieve greater accuracy and efficiency in modelling and computing. For dynamic and complex problems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides rapid evaluation and aids in designing effective solutions. This study discusses how AI is adopted in soil management and MVF for tasks including classification, detection and forecasting. Three categories of AI and machine learning techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) and Neural Network (NN)‐based models, that are widely used will be presented. Future perspectives on urban farming are also discussed.
Synergy of a Small Modular Reactor for Addressing Remote Communities Non-Nuclear Waste
Authors: Harvel Glenn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a popular topic with a significant number of designs with a wide range of sizes. The motivation of this type of work is to find alternative uses for the SMRs so that the thermal energy is more effectively used and hence the SMR is more economical. This work is similar in that it studies the synergy that might exist between a remote community and the SMR. Most work for SMRs is related to remote communities with the impact as one-way, that is the benefit of the SMR to the community yet the SMR is a separate plant. The consideration here is that the SMR could be used to burn the nonnuclear waste products of the community and return useful products. An example is the plastics generated by the community can be converted into usable synthetic fuel, such as kerosene, by using the heat energy of the SMR. The SMR then has a dependency on the community waste stream. In this manner, the environmental load of the community is reduced yet the community also obtains a locally produced fuel that could be used for heating or transport outside of the community. Considering that diesel fuel costs can be extremely high in remote communities, methods to reduce the fuel costs, including the manufacture of their own fuel, can result in a synergistic or symbiotic relationship between the community and the SMR and the community can then have a centralized energy area for supporting neighboring communities.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing postpartum fatigue: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Qian Jialu , Sun Shiwen , Liu Lu , Yu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionPostpartum fatigue is a common symptom among new mothers after their pregnancy. It has a considerable negative impact on women’s functional and mental status as well as the development of babies. Identifying effective interventions to prevent or reduce postpartum fatigue is meaningful to improve the quality of life and avoid adverse outcomes of this vulnerable population. This systematic review aims to synthesise non-pharmacological evidence and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing postpartum fatigue among puerperas.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will systematically search the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest databases to identify clinical trials implementing non-pharmacological interventions conducted during 0–78 weeks postpartum for fatigue reduction. An additional search of OpenGrey will be conducted to identify grey literature. The search will be performed on 30 March 2021 without restrictions on time and language. Two independent reviewers will be responsible for study selection, data extraction and study quality assessment. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool will be adopted to evaluate the risk biases of the included randomised controlled trials, and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions will be applied to evaluate non-randomised controlled trials. Any disagreements will be referred to a third reviewer to reach a consensus. Findings will be qualitatively synthesised, and a meta-analysis will be conducted for the statistical combination if outcome data are sufficient and available.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not involve the collection of primary data and will be based on published data. Therefore, ethics approval is not required. The final findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021234869
Health and social interventions to restore physical function of older adults post-hip fracture: a scoping review
Authors: Omar Abeer , Cumal Alexia , Vellani Shirin , Krassikova Alexandra , Lapenskie Julie , Bayly Melanie , Welch Vivian A , Ghogomu Elizabeth , Iaboni Andrea , McGilton Katherine S 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesDespite inpatient rehabilitation, many older adults post-hip fracture have difficulty returning to their prefracture levels of function and activity. This scoping review aims to identify interventions for community-dwelling older adults discharged from inpatient rehabilitation and examine the function and activity outcomes associated with these interventions.DesignThis scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Ageline electronic databases for English-language articles published between January 1946 and January 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies with health and social interventions involving community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers after hip fracture and inpatient rehabilitation. The interventions were selected if initiated within 60 days post-hip fracture surgery.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts and extracted the data based on the inclusion criteria. A third reviewer adjudicated any disagreement and collated the extracted data.ResultsOf the 24 studies included in the review, most studies (79%) used exercise-based interventions, over half (63%) included activities of daily living training and/or home assessment and environment modification as intervention components, and three studies used social intervention components. Over half of the interventions (58%) were initiated in the inpatient setting and physiotherapists provided 83% of the interventions. Only seven studies (29%) involved tailored interventions based on the older adults’ unique needs and progress in exercise training. Six studies (25%) enrolled patients with cognitive impairment, and only one study examined caregiver-related outcomes. Exercise-based interventions led to improved function and activity outcomes. 29 different outcome measures were reported.ConclusionWhile exercise-based multicomponent interventions have evidence for improving outcomes in this population, there is a paucity of studies, including social interventions. Further, studies with standardised outcome measures are needed, particularly focusing on supporting caregivers and the recovery of older adults with cognitive impairment.
Immune landscape in vulvar cancer-draining lymph nodes indicates distinct immune escape mechanisms in support of metastatic spread and growth
Authors: Heeren Anne Marijne , Rotman Jossie , Samuels Sanne , Zijlmans Henry J M A A , Fons Guus , van de Vijver Koen K , Bleeker Maaike C G , Kenter Gemma G , Jordanova Ekaterina J , de Gruijl Tanja D 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTherapeutic immune intervention is highly dependent on the T-cell priming and boosting capacity of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). In vulvar cancer, in-depth studies on the immune status of (pre)metastatic TDLN is lacking.MethodsWe have phenotyped and enumerated various T-cell and myeloid subsets in tumor-free (LN−, n=27) and metastatic TDLN (LN+, n=11) using flow cytometry. Additionally, we studied chemokine and cytokine release profiles and assessed expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in relation to plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) or myeloid subsets.ResultsMetastatic involvement of TDLN was accompanied by an inflamed microenvironment with immune suppressive features, marked by hampered activation of migratory DC, increased cytokine/chemokine release, and closely correlated elevations of pDC and LN-resident conventional DC (LNR-cDC) activation state and frequencies, as well as of terminal CD8+ effector-memory T-cell (TemRA) differentiation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) rates, T-cell activation, and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoints. In addition, high indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and increased frequencies of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) were observed. Correlation analyses with primary and metastatic tumor burden suggested respective roles for Tregs and suppression of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)+ T helper cells in early metastatic niche formation and for CD14+ LNR-cDC and terminal T-cell differentiation in later stages of metastatic growth.ConclusionsMetastatic spread in vulvar TDLN is marked by an inflamed microenvironment with activated effector T cells, which are likely kept in check by an interplay of suppressive feedback mechanisms. Our data support (neoadjuvant) TDLN-targeted therapeutic interventions based on CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade, to reinvigorate memory T cells and curb early metastatic spread and growth.
Effects of Compound Danshen Injection Combined with Magnesium Sulfate on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Syndrome under the Guidance of Empirical Mode Decomposition Algorithm-Based Ultrasound Image
Authors: Zhao Xia , Wang Hongbin , Gao Yanan , Wang Yanan 
Published: October 2021

Objective. The study focused on the separation effects of ultrasound blood flow signal detection, based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm, and the clinical efficacy of Compound Danshen injection and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome. Methods. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm was optimized first and compared with other algorithms for the accuracy and stability in separation of blood flow signals. 80 patients with PIH syndrome undergoing ultrasound examination were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the actual treatment methods. 40 cases in the observation group were treated with Compound Danshen injection + magnesium sulfate, and 40 cases in the control group were treated with magnesium sulfate. After the treatment, the clinical indicators of the two groups of patients were analyzed. Results. The accuracy and stability in separating blood flow signal of the optimized EMD algorithm were better than those of other algorithms. After treatment, the total effective rate and blood pressure control of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group, and the incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes was significantly lower than that of the control group. After treatment, the endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) indexes of the two groups of patients decreased significantly, and the decrease level of the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group (

P

< 0.05). The prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and plasma thrombin time (TT) levels of the two groups after treatment were better than those before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The optimized EMD algorithm is of great value for the separation of ultrasound blood flow signals. For patients with PIH syndrome, Compound Danshen injection combined with magnesium sulfate can be used as a treatment plan, which can improve maternal and infant outcomes; control blood pressure; reduce 24 h urine protein and serum ET-1, Hcy, and CRP levels; and improve coagulation function. It is worthy of promotion.
Oxidative and salt stresses alter the 26S proteasome holoenzyme and associated protein profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Bonea Diana , Noureddine Jenan , Gazzarrini Sonia , Zhao Rongmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The 26S proteasome, canonically composed of multi-subunit 19S regulatory (RP) and 20S core (CP) particles, is crucial for cellular proteostasis. Proteasomes are re-modeled, activated, or re-localized and this regulation is critical for plants in response to environmental stresses. The proteasome holoenzyme assembly and dissociation are therefore highly dynamic in vivo. However, the stoichiometric changes of the plant proteasomes and how proteasome associated chaperones vary under common abiotic stresses have not been systematically studied.

Results
Here, we studied the impact of abiotic stresses on proteasome structure, activity, and interacting partners in Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed available RNA expression data and observed that expressions of proteasome coding genes varied substantially under stresses; however, the protein levels of a few key subunits did not change significantly within 24 h. Instead, a switch in the predominant proteasome complex, from 26S to 20S, occurs under oxidative or salt stress. Oxidative stress also reduced the cellular ATP content and the association of HSP70-family proteins to the 20S proteasome, but enhanced the activity of cellular free form CP. Salt stress, on the other hand, did not affect cellular ATP level, but caused subtle changes in proteasome subunit composition and impacted bindings of assembly chaperones. Analyses of an array of T-DNA insertional mutant lines highlighted important roles for several putative assembly chaperones in seedling establishment and stress sensitivity. We also observed that knockout of PBAC1, one of the α-ring assembly chaperones, resulted in reduced germination and tearing of the seed coat following sterilization.

Conclusions
Our study revealed an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of proteasome regulation during oxidative stress, involving dynamic regulation of the holoenzyme formation and associated regulatory proteins, and we also identified a novel role of the PBAC1 proteasome assembly chaperone in seed coat development.