bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of edema on the bisoprolol blood concentration after bisoprolol dermal patch application
Authors: Takahashi Yuji , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakano Hidehiko , Naraba Hiromu , Hashimoto Hideki , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Beta-blocking is important for critically ill patients. Although some patients are required to continue taking beta-blockers after they no longer need critical care, some of these patients have impaired swallowing abilities. Bisoprolol dermal patches have recently been introduced and appear to be a good alternative to oral bisoprolol tablets. However, it is still unclear whether the pharmacodynamics of such patches are affected by edema in patients who have experienced critical care. This study aimed to clarify the effects of systemic edema on beta-blocker absorption from dermal patches in critically ill patients.

Method:
Patients who exhibited tachycardia and impaired swallowing function after critical care were included in this study. They were assigned to either the edema group (n = 6) or no edema group (n = 6) depending on the presence/absence of edema in the lower extremities. A bisoprolol dermal patch was pasted onto each subject, and the blood bisoprolol concentration was checked at 8 timepoints over the next 24 hours. The area under the serum concentration time curve, maximum concentration observed (Cmax), and time of maximum concentration observed were also examined.

Result:
The mean blood bisoprolol concentrations of the 2 groups were not significantly different at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, or 24 hours after the patch application. The area under the serum concentration time curve and maximum concentration observed were not different between the groups. The mean heart rates of the 2 groups were not significantly different at 6, 12, or 24 hours after the patch application (Student t test, P = .0588, P = .1080, and P = .2322, respectively).

Conclusion:
In this study, the blood concentration of bisoprolol and its heart rate-reducing effects after bisoprolol dermal patch application might not be affected by systemic edema in the lower extremities.
Lesion detection in 18F-sodium fluoride bone imaging: a comparison of attenuation-corrected versus nonattenuation-corrected PET reconstructions from modern PET-CT systems
Authors: Bebbington Natalie Anne , Zacho Helle Damgaard , Holdgaard Paw Christian 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
An earlier study demonstrated comparable lesion detection between attenuation-corrected (AC) and nonattenuation-corrected (NAC) 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET images, which is relevant for computed tomography (CT) radiation dose-saving. However, this finding may not be applicable to newer systems. The aim was to compare lesion detection between AC and NAC NaF PET images on modern PET-CT systems.

Methods
One expert and one nonexpert observer retrospectively surveyed NaF PET data in 25 breast cancer patients. At both lesion and patient level, each observer classified bone abnormalities as malignant, equivocal or benign, from NAC and AC PET images in the absence of CT. Expert interpretation of NaF PET-CT with the review of all diagnostic imaging/pathology reports for at least the subsequent 12 months provided reference standard metastases status at the patient level. Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests measured statistically significant differences in total lesion detection between AC and NAC PET. Quadratic-weighted kappa score measured agreement in patient metastases status between observers.

Results
On a lesion-basis, AC PET images showed significantly more lesions than NAC for both the expert (122 versus 96; P = 0.002) and nonexpert (146 versus 132; P = 0.036) observers, with a large number of patients demonstrating disparity between AC and NAC images. For metastases status at the patient level without CT, NAC PET showed slightly better diagnostic accuracy than AC due to fewer false-positive results, as fewer lesions were identified.

Conclusion
AC PET data provided superior lesion detection to NAC in NaF bone examinations and are thus required for clinical interpretation.
Birth Satisfaction During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Mollard Elizabeth , Kupzyk Kevin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe birth satisfaction in women who gave birth in U.S. hospitals during the earliest months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July 2020).

Study Design and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 747 postpartum women who gave birth in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Participants in the United were recruited via social media. They completed a questionnaire that included demographic, health, and obstetric experience questions, and the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) models, and nonparametric correlations were performed.

Results:
Higher birth satisfaction scores were associated with higher income, marriage, white race, vaginal birth, having a birth partner present, and sufficient support during birth. Factors negatively associated with birth satisfaction were separation from infant, unplanned cesarean birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, hypertension, preeclampsia, hemorrhage, depression, and anxiety.

Clinical Implications:
Presence of birth partners, sufficient birth support, and minimizing separation of mother and infant improve birth satisfaction. Obstetric complications, including unplanned cesarean birth, negatively affect birth satisfaction. There are racial disparities in birth satisfaction. It is critical to develop further interventions to end racism in maternal health care.
Facilitators and Barriers to Critical Service-Learning Goals in a Community-Academic Relationship
Authors: Mayer Kala A. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Educational exposure to authentic relationships where power is distributed is needed to prepare nursing students as social justice and patient-centered care practitioners and advocates.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify, describe, and understand facilitators and barriers to critical service-learning (SL) goals in an existing community-academic SL relationship.

Methods:
Community partners were surveyed. Findings were compared with known factors in the literature that can facilitate or inhibit a relationship's success.

Results:
Identification and description of SL relationship facilitators and barriers included partner-reported benefits from involvement in SL and limited satisfaction with their role in designing SL curriculum.

Conclusions:
Recommendations, such as increasing opportunities for partner involvement, provide insight into how to work toward critical SL goals in existing relationships. The equitable involvement of partners in nursing education processes has benefits for both students and community organizations.
Relationships Among Exercise, Mindfulness, Mental Health, and Academic Achievement Among Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Niedermeier Josie , Mumba Mercy Ngosa , Barron Keri , Andrabi Mudasir , Martin Rebecca , McDiarmid Alex 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Nursing school is challenging and can be stressful for many students. Nursing students are also susceptible to stress, anxiety, and depression. Exercise and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to improve mental health outcomes in other populations, but it is not known how these strategies influence academic achievement.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among exercise, mindfulness, academic achievement, and mental health among undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional design that uses correlational, regression, and mediation analyses.

Results:
Mindfulness was inversely associated with depression and anxiety and, although not statistically significant, was positively associated with academic achievement. Exercise was not significantly associated with anxiety or academic achievement but was associated with depression.

Conclusions:
Evidence-based interventions that promote mindfulness among nursing students should be implemented to promote mental health and academic achievement, especially because MBIs are cost-effective and convenient alternatives to other psychotherapies.
Application of the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Definition for Pediatric Sepsis to Nationally Representative Emergency Department Data
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Adler Mark D. , Horvat Christopher M. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
To compare encounter estimates and demographics of pediatric patients (<18 years) meeting modified Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes (IPSO) criteria for sepsis to cohorts obtained using other criteria for pediatric sepsis from administrative datasets.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 2003–2018. We report encounter estimates, demographics, and treatments among pediatric sepsis events using 3 criteria: modified IPSO criteria for sepsis, explicit criteria using diagnostic codes, and implicit severe sepsis criteria requiring the presence of infection and organ dysfunction.

Results:
The modified IPSO, explicit, and severe sepsis criteria estimated the yearly encounter rates as 116,200, 27,900, and 56,000 respectively. The modified IPSO sepsis criteria accounted for 0.4% of emergency department encounters, with a high proportion of patients who received antibiotics (99.2%, 95% CI 97.8%–100.0%), intravenous fluids (100.0%, 95% CI 99.9%–100.0%), and blood cultures (98.7%, 95% CI 96.9%–100.0%). The explicit cohort had lower proportions with blood cultures (60.6%, 95% CI 40.4%–80.7%) and antibiotic use (77.0%, 95% CI 63.1%–90.8%), but a high proportion admitted (84.0% 95% CI 73.4%–95.7%). The severe sepsis definition had low proportions with blood cultures (12.7%, 95% CI 6.3%–19.1%) and admission (21.1%, 95% CI 14.5%–27.8%).

Conclusions:
Pediatric sepsis estimates differed based on the criteria used for cohort ascertainment. The modified IPSO sepsis criteria group had higher acuity than the severe sepsis cohort but lower acuity than the cohort identified using the explicit sepsis criteria.
Covid-19 in the Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1273 During the Delta-variant Surge
Authors: Baden Lindsey R. , El Sahly Hana M. , Essink Brandon , Follmann Dean , Neuzil Kathleen M. , August Allison , Clouting Heather , Fortier Gabrielle , Deng Weiping , Han Shu , Zhao Xiaoping , Leav Brett , Talarico Carla , Girard Bethany , Paila Yamuna D. , Tomassini Joanne E. , Schödel Florian , Pajon Rolando , Zhou Honghong , Das Rituparna , Miller Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing emergency use authorization in December 2020, the Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) trial was amended to an open-label phase, where participants were unblinded and those randomized to placebo were offered vaccination. Emergence of the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with increased incidences of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) among unvaccinated and vaccinated persons. This exploratory analysis evaluated the incidence and genetic sequences of Covid-19 cases in the ongoing COVE trial during the open-label phase, with a focus on July-August 2021, when delta-variants surged in the US.MethodsCovid-19 cases were identified in participants initially randomized to mRNA-1273 (vaccinated from July-December 2020) and those initially randomized to the placebo (vaccinated December 2020-April 2021) who received at least one dose and were SARS-CoV-2-negative at baseline in the modified-intent-to-treat population were analyzed. Included were Covid-19 cases occurring after 26-Mar-2021 with positive RT-PCR results in nasopharyngeal samples (central lab test) and reported Covid-19 symptoms. Genetic sequencing of Covid-19 cases was also performed.ResultsThere were 14,746 participants in the earlier mRNA-1273 (mRNA-1273e) group and 11,431 in the later placebo-mRNA1273 (mRNA-1273p) group. Covid-19 cases increased from the start of the open-label phase to July-August 2021. During July and August, 162 Covid-19 cases occurred in the mRNA-1273e group and 88 in the mRNA-1273p group. Of the cases sequenced, 144/149 [97%]) in the mRNA-1273 and 86/88 (99%) in the mRNA-1273p groups were attributed to delta. The incidence rate of Covid-19 was lower for the mRNA-1273p (49.0/1000 person-years) versus mRNA-1273e (77.1/1000 person-years) group [36.4% (95% CI 17.1%-51.5%) reduction]. There were fewer severe Covid-19 cases in the mRNA-1273p (6; 6.2/1000 person-years) than mRNA-1273e (13; 3.3/1000 person-years) [46.0% (95% CI −52.4%-83.2%) reduction]. Three Covid-19 related hospitalizations occurred with two resulting deaths in the mRNA-1273e group.ConclusionIncidence rates of Covid-19 and severe Covid-19 were lower during the months when delta was the dominant variant (July/August 2021) among COVE participants vaccinated more recently. Analysis of COVID-19 cases from the open-label phase of the COVE study is ongoing.
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by epigenetic silencing of hypocretin neurons
Authors: Seifinejad Ali , Neiteler Almar , Li Sha , Pfister Corinne , Fronczek Rolf , Shan Ling , Garrett-Sinha Lee A. , Frieser David , Honda Makoto , Arribat Yoan , Grepper Dogan , Amati Francesca , Picot Marie , Iseli Christian , Chartrel Nicolas , Lammers Gert J. , Liblau Roland , Vassalli Anne , Tafti Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNarcolepsy with cataplexy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by hypocretin deficiency. The condition is believed to result from autoimmune destruction of hypocretin (HCRT) neurons, although direct evidence is lacking and mere Hcrt gene inactivation causes full-blown narcolepsy in mice. Here we show that the expression of another hypothalamic neuropeptide, QRFP, is lost in mouse models with HCRT cell-ablation, but tends to be even increased in Hcrt gene knockout mice, suggesting that QRFP expression can be used as a proxy for the presence or absence of HCRT neurons. Similar to Hcrt knockout mice, narcolepsy patients show intact hypothalamic QRFP expression, and cerebrospinal fluid levels of QRFP peptide are increased, suggesting their HCRT neurons are intact. We show that the human HCRT gene promoter is methylation-sensitive in vitro, and is hypermethylated in the hypothalamus of patients selectively at a putative PAX5:ETS1 binding site within the proximal HCRT promoter. Ets1-KO mice display downregulated Hcrt expression, while pax5-ets1 knockdown in zebrafish causes decreased hcrt expression, decreased activity and sleep fragmentation, similar to narcolepsy patients. Our results suggest that HCRT neurons are alive, but epigenetically silenced, in the hypothalamus of narcolepsy patients, opening the possibility to reverse or cure narcolepsy.
Effects of memantine and high dose vitamin D on gait in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease following vitamin D deprivation
Authors: Broberg Dana , Wong Dickson , Bellyou Miranda , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Beauchet Olivier , Annweiler Cedric , Bartha Robert 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAltered gait is a frequent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as is vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with memantine and vitamin D can protect cortical axons from exposure to amyloid-β and glutamate toxicity, suggesting this combination may mitigate altered gait in AD.ObjectiveInvestigate the effects of vitamin D deprivation and subsequent treatment with memantine and vitamin D enrichment on gait performance in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.MethodsMale APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were split into four groups (n=14 each) at 2.5 months of age. A control group was fed a standard diet throughout while the other three groups started a vitamin D-deficient diet at month 6. The VitD− group remained on this deficient diet for the rest of the study. At month 9, the remaining two groups began treatment with either memantine alone or memantine combined with 10 IU/g of vitamin D. Gait performance was assessed at months 6, 9, 12, and 15.ResultsVitamin D deprivation led to a 13% increase in hind stride width by month 15 (p<0.001). Examination of the treatment groups at month 15 revealed that mice treated with memantine alone still showed an increase in hind stride width compared to controls (p<0.01), while mice treated with memantine and vitamin D did not (p=0.21).ConclusionVitamin D deprivation led to impaired postural control in the APPswe/PS1dE9 model. Treatment with memantine and vitamin D, but not memantine alone, prevented this impairment. Future work should explore the potential for treatments incorporating vitamin D supplementation to improve gait in people with AD.
GBRAP: a tool to retrieve, parse and analyze GenBank files of viral and bacterial species
Authors: Vischioni Chiara , Giaccone Valerio , Catellani Paolo , Alberghini Leonardo , Scapin Riccardo Miotti , Taccioli Cristian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSummaryGenBank files contain genomic data of sequenced living organisms. Here, we present GBRAP (GenBank Retrieving, Analyzing and Parsing software), a tool written in Python 3 that can be used to easily download, parse and analyze viral and bacterial GenBank files, even when contain more than one genomic sequence for each species. GBRAP can analyze more files simultaneously through single command-line parameters that give as output a single table showing the genomic characteristics of each organism. It is also able to calculate Shannon, LZSS (Lempel–Ziv–Storer–Szymanski) and topological entropy for both the entire genome and its constitutive elements such as genes, rRNAs, tRNAs, tmRNAs and ncRNAs together with Chargaff’s second parity rule scores obtained using different mathematical methods. Moreover, GBRAP can calculate, the number, the length and the nucleotides abundance of genomic components for each DNA strand and for the overlapping regions among the two complementary helixes. To our knowledge, this is the only software capable of providing this type of genomic analyses all together in a single tool, that, therefore can be used by the scientists interested in both genomics and evolutionary research.Availability and implementationThe data underlying this article are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Mitophagy enhancers against phosphorylated Tau-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Kshirsagar Sudhir , Sawant Neha , Morton Hallie , Reddy Arubala P. , Reddy P. Hemachandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our study is to determine the protective effects of mitophagy enhancers against phosphorylated tau (P-tau)-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondrial abnormalities, including defective mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, axonal transport and impaired clearance of dead mitochondria are linked to P-tau in AD. Mitophagy enhancers are potential therapeutic candidates to clear dead mitochondria and improve synaptic and cognitive functions in AD. We recently optimized the doses of mitophagy enhancers urolithin A, actinonin, tomatidine, nicotinamide riboside in immortalized mouse primary hippocampal (HT22) neurons. In the current study, we treated mutant Tau expressed in HT22 (mTau-HT22) cells with mitophagy enhancers and assessed mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial/synaptic genes, cell survival and mitochondrial respiration. We also assessed mitochondrial morphology in mTau-HT22 cells treated and untreated with mitophagy enhancers. Mutant Tau-HT22 cells showed increased fission, decreased fusion, synaptic & mitophagy genes, reduced cell survival and defective mitochondrial respiration. However, these events were reversed in mitophagy enhancers treated mTau-HT22 cells. Cell survival was increased, mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial fusion, synaptic and mitophagy genes were increased, and mitochondrial fragmentation is reduced in mitophagy enhancers treated mTau-HT22 cells. Further, urolithin A showed strongest protective effects among all enhancers tested in AD. Our combination treatments of urolithin A + EGCG, addition to urolithin A and EGCG individual treatment revealed that combination treatments approach is even stronger than urolithin A treatment. Based on these findings, we cautiously propose that mitophagy enhancers are promising therapeutic drugs to treat mitophagy in patients with AD.
Preparing for a second attack: a lesion simulation study on network resilience after stroke
Authors: van Assche Mitsouko , Klug Julian , Dirren Elisabeth , Richiardi Jonas , Carrera Emmanuel 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeDoes the brain become more resilient after a first stroke to reduce the consequences of a new lesion? Although recurrent strokes are a major clinical issue, whether and how the brain prepares for a second attack is unknown. This is due to the difficulties to obtain an appropriate dataset of stroke patients with comparable lesions, imaged at the same interval after onset. Furthermore, timing of the recurrent event remains unpredictable.MethodsHere we used a novel clinical lesion simulation approach to test the hypothesis that resilience in brain networks increases during stroke recovery. 16 patients with a lesion restricted to the primary motor cortex were recruited. At 3 time points of the index event (10 days, 3 weeks, 3 months), we mimicked recurrent infarcts by deletion of nodes in brain networks (resting-state fMRI). Graph measures were applied to determine resilience (global efficiency) and wiring cost (mean degree) of the network.ResultsAt 10 days and 3 weeks after stroke, resilience was similar in patients and controls. However, at 3 months, while motor function had fully recovered, resilience to clinically representative simulated lesions was higher compared to controls (cortical lesion p=0.012; subcortical: p=0.009; cortico-subcortical: p=0.009). Similar results were found after random (p=0.012) and targeted (p=0.015) attacks.ConclusionOur results suggest that, after a lesion, brain networks reconfigure to increase resilience to future insults. Lesion simulation is an innovative approach, which may have major implications for stroke therapy. Individualized neuromodulation strategies could be developed to foster resilient network reconfigurations after a first stroke to limit the consequences of future attacks.
The influence of objecthood on the representation of natural images in the visual cortex
Authors: Papale Paolo , Zuiderbaan Wietske , Teeuwen Rob R.M. , Gilhuis Amparo , Self Matthew W. , Roelfsema Pieter R. , Dumoulin Serge O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurons in early visual cortex are not only sensitive to the image elements in their receptive field but also to the context determining whether the elements are part of an object or background. We here assessed the effect of objecthood in natural images on neuronal activity in early visual cortex, with fMRI in humans and electrophysiology in monkeys. We report that boundaries and interiors of objects elicit more activity than the background. Boundary effects occur remarkably early, implying that visual cortical neurons are tuned to features characterizing object boundaries in natural images. When a new image is presented the influence of the object interiors on neuronal activity occurs during a late phase of neuronal response and earlier when eye movements shift the image representation, implying that object representations are remapped across eye-movements. Our results reveal how object perception shapes the representation of natural images in early visual cortex.