bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Variability Early After Liver Transplantation Predicts Long‐Term Mortality
Authors: Truitt Katie , Chen Kevin , Yano Yuichiro , Gregory Dyanna L. , VanWagner Lisa B. 
Published: November 2021

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Elevated blood pressure (BP) in LT recipients (LTRs) is associated with increased cardiovascular events (CVEs) and decreased survival. Increased visit‐to‐visit BP variability in the general population is associated with adverse outcomes. Whether BP variability is associated with adverse outcomes in LTRs is unknown. We analyzed data from adult LTRs within a single large transplant center in the United States between 2010 and 2016. Day‐to‐day BP variability within the first 60 days after LT was measured using variability independent of the mean (VIM). To assess the association between early post‐LT BP variability and future CVEs or mortality, we used Cox proportional hazard regression. Among 512 LTRs (34.4% women; 10.7% Black; mean age, 56.5 years), increased systolic BP (SBP) variability was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.97/1 unit VIM; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94‐0.99). This was particularly true for men (aHR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91‐0.98), patients with pre‐LT atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (aHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92‐0.98), and patients without pre‐LT diabetes mellitus (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93‐1.00). There was no significant effect of BP variability on CVEs. Results were consistent when competing risk analysis was used with death as the competing risk. Increased diastolic BP variability was not associated with a significant effect on CVEs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.02) nor mortality (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.06). Increased SBP variability, independent of mean BP, is associated with decreased mortality in LTRs. We postulate that increased BP variability reflects a better vascular recovery in patients undergoing LT, but further research is needed as to the mechanism underlying our observation.
Single‐Trajectory Multiple‐Target Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsonian Mobility and Cognition
Authors: Sasikumar Sanskriti , Cohn Melanie , Harmsen Irene E. , Loh Aaron , Cho Sang Soo , Sáenz‐Farret Michel , Maciel Ricardo , Soh Derrick , Boutet Alexandre , Germann Jürgen , Elias Gavin , Youm Ariana , Duncan Katherine , Rowland Nathan C. , Strafella Antonio P. , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is an emerging target to potentially treat cognitive dysfunction.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to achieve feasibility and safety of globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and NBM DBS in advanced PD with cognitive impairment.MethodsWe performed a phase‐II double‐blind crossover pilot trial in six participants to assess safety and cognitive measures, the acute effect of NBM stimulation on attention, motor and neuropsychological data at one year, and neuroimaging biomarkers of NBM stimulation.ResultsNBM DBS was well tolerated but did not improve cognition. GPi DBS improved dyskinesia and motor fluctuations (P = 0.04) at one year. NBM stimulation was associated with reduced right frontal and parietal glucose metabolism (P < 0.01) and increased low‐ and high‐frequency power and functional connectivity. Volume of tissue activated in the left NBM was associated with stable cognition (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSimultaneous GPi and NBM stimulation is safe and improves motor complications. NBM stimulation altered neuroimaging biomarkers but without lasting cognitive improvement. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A multitask dual‐stream attention network for the identification of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Song Kai , Zhao Zijuan , Ma Yulan , Wang JiaWen , Wu Wei , Qiang Yan , Zhao Juanjuan , Chaudhary Suman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeIt is of great significance to accurately identify the KRAS gene mutation status for patients in tumor prognosis and personalized treatment. Although the computer‐aided diagnosis system based on deep learning has gotten all‐round development, its performance still cannot meet the current clinical application requirements due to the inherent limitations of small‐scale medical image data set and inaccurate lesion feature extraction. Therefore, our aim is to propose a deep learning model based on T2 MRI of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to identify whether KRAS gene is mutated.MethodsIn this research, a multitask attentive model is proposed to identify KRAS gene mutations in patients, which is mainly composed of a segmentation subnetwork and an identification subnetwork. Specifically, at first, the features extracted by the encoder of segmentation model are used as guidance information to guide the two attention modules in the identification network for precise activation of the lesion area. Then the original image of the lesion and the segmentation result are concatenated for feature extraction. Finally, features extracted from the second step are combined with features activated by the attention modules to identify the gene mutation status. In this process, we introduce the interlayer loss function to encourage the similarity of the two subnetwork parameters and ensure that the key features are fully extracted to alleviate the overfitting problem caused by small data set to some extent.ResultsThe proposed identification model is benchmarked primarily using 15‐fold cross validation. Three hundred and eighty‐two images from 36 clinical cases were used to test the model. For the identification of KRAS mutation status, the average accuracy is 89.951.23%, the average sensitivity is 89.291.79%, the average specificity is 90.53 2.45%, and the average area under the curve (AUC) is 95.73 0.52%. For segmentation of lesions, the average dice is 88.11 0.86%.ConclusionsWe developed a novel deep learning–based model to identify the KRAS status in CRC. We demonstrated the excellent properties of the proposed identification through comparison with ground truth gene mutation status of 36 clinical cases. And all these results show that the novel method has great potential for clinical application.
Toward personalized medicine for pharmacological interventions in neonates using vital signs
Authors: Hartley Caroline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVital signs, such as heart rate and oxygen saturation, are continuously monitored for infants in neonatal care units. Pharmacological interventions can alter an infant's vital signs, either as an intended effect or as a side effect, and consequently could provide an approach to explore the wide variability in pharmacodynamics across infants and could be used to develop models to predict outcome (efficacy or adverse effects) in an individual infant. This will enable doses to be tailored according to the individual, shifting the balance toward efficacy and away from the adverse effects of a drug. Pharmacological analgesics are frequently not given in part due to the risk of adverse effects, yet this exposes infants to the short‐ and long‐term effects of painful procedures. Personalized analgesic dosing will be an important step forward in providing safer effective pain relief in infants. The aim of this paper was to describe a framework to develop predictive models of drug outcome from analysis of vital signs data, focusing on analgesics as a representative example. This framework investigates changes in vital signs in response to the analgesic (prior to the painful procedure) and proposes using machine learning to examine if these changes are predictive of outcome—either efficacy (with pain response measured using a multimodal approach, as changes in vital signs alone have limited sensitivity and specificity) or adverse effects. The framework could be applied to both preterm and term infants in neonatal care units, as well as older children. Sharing vital signs data are proposed as a means to achieve this aim and bring personalized medicine rapidly to the forefront in neonatology.
SPOPB: Reducing solid state drive write traffic for flash‐based key‐value caching
Authors: Li Zongwei , Feng Dan , Hu Yuchong , Lu Mengting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlash‐based key‐value (KV) caching has received increasing attention in recent years with the advantages of flash‐based solid state drives (SSDs) in capacity and cost. By caching most data in SSD, the caching system can eliminate lots of time‐consuming requests to back‐end data stores to provide low‐latency services. To adapt to the unique technical constraints of flash memory, flash‐based KV caching adopts a slab‐based log‐structured management scheme in which the slab is the basic storage unit, and uses a small memory space as a write buffer to eliminate small random writes to SSD for consistent performance and increased lifetime of SSD. However, we have observed that under update‐intensive workloads with strong temporal locality, the slab‐based management in flash‐based KV caching introduces substantial SSD write traffic because of indistinguishable SSD flushing of hot items in slabs, which shortens the SSD lifetime and degrades the performance with increased erase operations. In this article, we first analyze the SSD write traffic in the flash‐based KV caching, and then propose a novel slab popularity‐based storage management scheme‐SPOPB, to extend SSD lifetime and improve performance. Our scheme identifies hot items using a self‐adaptive threshold to reorganize and classify slabs with both the hotness and size of items. Then SPOPB filters and retains the popular slabs containing hot items in the write buffer with redesigned replacement policy to reduce the SSD write traffic. Our experiments show that our design can effectively reduce the SSD write traffic by 63.6%, the erase counts by 55.6%, and improve the performance by 42%.
Social influence‐based privacy inference attacks in online social networks
Authors: Yi Yuzi , He Jingsha , Zhu Nafei , Ma Xiangjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrivacy inference attacks in online social networks aim at inferring hidden attributes of target users based on released attributes of the users as well as information about social relationships in the networks. Although many privacy inference methods have been proposed in recent years, most of the methods have mostly focused on pursuing high accuracy of the inference results without paying too much attention on identifying users who make the most contributions to the inference, making it less useful in the development of effective countermeasures. In this paper, by taking full consideration of the roles of users in privacy inference, we propose a privacy inference method based on graph attention networks that can provide information about not only the private attributes of the target users, but also the importance of the users in the process of inferring the results. We also design a novel mechanism for the selection of influential users to make our proposed method adaptive to the characteristics of user influence diffusion, resulting in involving fewer number of users in privacy inference and hence improving the efficiency. We also performed some experiment to evaluate the proposed method using a real online social network dataset to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparison with other comparable methods also shows that the results of our proposed method are more accurate.
Bin mapping‐based QTL analyses using three genetic populations derived from indica–japonica crosses uncover multiple grain shape heterosis‐related loci in rice
Authors: Deng Xiaoxiao , Kong Weilong , Sun Tong , Zhang Chenhao , Zhong Hua , Zhao Gangqing , Liu Xuhui , Qiang Yalin , Li Yangsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExploitation of heterosis between indica and japonica has important significance in scientific research and agriculture application. However, the molecular mechanism of grain shape heterosis in indica–japonica hybrid remains unknown in rice (Oryza sativa L.). To reveal the genetic mechanism of grain shape in indica‐‐japonica hybrid, we constructed a high‐generation recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and two testcross hybrid populations derived from the cross of RILs and two cytoplasmic male sterile material (YTA and Z7A) and then performed a bin mapping‐based quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of multiple grain shape traits, such as grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and grain length‐to‐width ratio (GLWR). A total of sixteen QTLs and 30 heterosis‐related QTLs of grain shape traits were detected. We found that GS3, GS5, and OsPPKL2 were also correlated with grain shape both in RILs and two testcross hybrid populations. Homologous gene analysis emphasized two candidate grain shape‐associated genes (LOC_Os06g14260 and LOC_Os04g51950). Our findings uncover multiple grain shape heterosis‐related loci and provides a new insight into heterosis mechanism of grain shape in rice.
Temporal changes in the presence and intensity of innocent cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy Cairn terrier and Dachshund puppies between 4 and 8 weeks of age
Authors: Rigterink Donny , L'Herminez Mariska A. , Szatmári Viktor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous week‐to‐week variation in the presence and intensity of innocent cardiac murmurs in individual puppies is unknown.MethodsSixty privately owned, clinically healthy Cairn terrier and Dachshund puppies between 4 and 8 weeks of age were included. All dogs underwent weekly cardiac auscultation at the breeders’ home by a veterinary cardiology specialist using an acoustic stethoscope. On each occasion, a phonocardiogram was recorded with an electronic stethoscope. Furthermore, all dogs were auscultated once at a first opinion veterinary practise and once at the authors’ institution, where they also underwent an echocardiographic examination.ResultsTwo‐hundred and eighty‐one auscultations were conducted on 32 Cairn terriers and 28 Dachshunds, at the breeders’ homes. Innocent murmurs were detected in 19 puppies. Two of these puppies had a detectable murmur on each auscultation. In five of the puppies, the murmur became undetectable during the observation period and in 12 puppies the murmur was intermittently audible. Auscultation at the authors’ institution had an unpredictable effect on murmur presence and intensity. Phonocardiography revealed murmurs in 42 puppies. Interpretation of phonocardiograms by two independent observers showed nearly perfect agreement (κ = 0.859).ConclusionsRemarkable and unpredictable spontaneous week‐to‐week variation was documented in the presence and intensity of innocent murmurs.
Evaluation of urinary extravasation after non-operative management of traumatic renal injury: a multi-center retrospective study
Authors: Muratsu Arisa , Nakao Shunichiro , Yoshimura Jumpei , Muroya Takashi , Shimazaki Junya , Nakagawa Yuko , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Urinary extravasation is one of the major complications after non-operative management of traumatic renal injury and may lead to urinary tract infection and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these factors in patients with traumatic renal injury.

Methods
This was a multi-center, retrospective, observational study performed at three tertiary referral hospitals in Osaka prefecture. We included patients with traumatic renal injury transported to the centers between January 2008 and December 2018. We excluded patients who either died or underwent nephrectomy within 24 h after admission. We investigated the occurrence of urinary extravasation and the related factors after traumatic renal injury using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
In total, 146 patients were eligible for analysis. Their median age was 44 years and 68.5% were male. Their median Injury Severity Score was 17. Renal injuries were graded as American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade I in 33 (22.6%), II in 27 (18.5%), III in 38 (26.0%), IV in 28 (19.2%), and V in 20 (13.7%) patients. Urinary extravasation was diagnosed in 26 patients (17.8%) and was statistically significantly associated with AAST grades IV–V (adjusted odds ratio, 33.8 [95% confidence interval 7.12–160], p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We observed urinary extravasation in 17.8% of patients with non-operative management of traumatic renal injury and the diagnosed was made in mostly within 7 days after admission. In this study, the patients with AAST grade IV–V injury were associated with having urinary extravasation.
Assessment of genomic prediction reliability and optimization of experimental designs in multi-environment trials
Authors: Rio Simon , Akdemir Deniz , Carvalho Tiago , Sánchez Julio Isidro y 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKey messageNew forms of the coefficient of determination can help to forecast the accuracy of genomic prediction and optimize experimental designs in multi-environment trials with genotype-by-environment interactions.AbstractIn multi-environment trials, the relative performance of genotypes may vary depending on the environmental conditions, and this phenomenon is commonly referred to as genotype-by-environment interaction (G$$\times$$×E). With genomic prediction, G$$\times$$×E can be accounted for by modeling the genetic covariance between trials, even when the overall experimental design is highly unbalanced between trials, thanks to the genomic relationship between genotypes. In this study, we propose new forms of the coefficient of determination (CD, i.e., the expected model-based square correlation between a genetic value and its corresponding prediction) that can be used to forecast the genomic prediction reliability of genotypes, both for their trial-specific performance and their mean performance. As the expected prediction reliability based on these new CD criteria is generally a good approximation of the observed reliability, we demonstrate that they can be used to optimize multi-environment trials in the presence of G$$\times$$×E. In addition, this reliability may be highly variable between genotypes, especially in unbalanced designs with complex pedigree relationships between genotypes. Therefore, it can be useful for breeders to assess it before selecting genotypes based on their predicted genetic values. Using a wheat population evaluated both for simulated and phenology traits, and two maize populations evaluated for grain yield, we illustrate this approach and confirm the value of our new CD criteria.
The performance of phenomic selection depends on the genetic architecture of the target trait
Authors: Zhu Xintian , Maurer Hans Peter , Jenz Mario , Hahn Volker , Ruckelshausen Arno , Leiser Willmar L. , Würschum Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKey messageThe phenomic predictive ability depends on the genetic architecture of the target trait, being high for complex traits and low for traits with major QTL.AbstractGenomic selection is a powerful tool to assist breeding of complex traits, but a limitation is the costs required for genotyping. Recently, phenomic selection has been suggested, which uses spectral data instead of molecular markers as predictors. It was shown to be competitive with genomic prediction, as it achieved predictive abilities as high or even higher than its genomic counterpart. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of phenomic prediction for triticale and the dependency of the predictive ability on the genetic architecture of the target trait. We found that for traits with a complex genetic architecture, like grain yield, phenomic prediction with NIRS data as predictors achieved high predictive abilities and performed better than genomic prediction. By contrast, for mono- or oligogenic traits, for example, yellow rust, marker-based approaches achieved high predictive abilities, while those of phenomic prediction were very low. Compared with molecular markers, the predictive ability obtained using NIRS data was more robust to varying degrees of genetic relatedness between the training and prediction set. Moreover, for grain yield, smaller training sets were required to achieve a similar predictive ability for phenomic prediction than for genomic prediction. In addition, our results illustrate the potential of using field-based spectral data for phenomic prediction. Overall, our result confirmed phenomic prediction as an efficient approach to improve the selection gain for complex traits in plant breeding.
The use of hydroxyapatite toothpaste to prevent dental caries
Authors: O’Hagan-Wong Kelsey , Enax Joachim , Meyer Frederic , Ganss Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDissolution of hydroxyapatite from the tooth structure at low pH can lead to the irreversible destruction of enamel and dentin, which if left untreated can result in pain and tooth loss. Hydroxyapatite toothpastes contain hydroxyapatite particles in micro- or nanocrystalline form that have been shown to deposit and restore demineralized enamel surfaces. As such, they are currently being explored as a fluoride-free anti-caries agent. This narrative review article aims to summarize the recent findings of the research investigating the remineralization potential of HAP toothpaste in vitro, in situ and in vivo, as well as some other applications in dentistry.
Aging-related fears and their associations with ideal life expectancy
Authors: Rupprecht Fiona S. , Martin Kristina , Lang Frieder R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFears regarding various aspects tend to stimulate individuals to escape or to avoid the sources of the threat. We concluded that fears associated with the future aging process, like the fear of aging-related diseases, the fear of loneliness in old age, and the fear of death, would stimulate patterns of avoidance when it comes to ideal life expectancy. We expected fear of aging-related diseases and fear of loneliness in old age to be related to lower ideal life expectancies. We expected fear of death to be related to higher ideal life expectancies. In two adult lifespan samples [N1 = 1065 andN2 = 591; ages ranging from 18 to 95 years,M(SD)1 = 58.1 (17.2) years,M(SD)2 = 52.6 (18.1) years], we were able to support our hypothesis regarding fear of death. We furthermore found significant interactions among the fears, indicating that individuals fearing diseases or loneliness but being unafraid of death opted for the shortest lives. Our results indicate that fears regarding life in very old age might be associated with the wish to avoid this age period; the fear of death was however associated with the wish for particularly long lives, and thus, with distancing oneself from the dreaded event of death. We conclude that fears seem to be associated with how individuals approach old age and with what they wish for in their own future as aged people.