bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Allergic Reactions Following Intravenous Infusion of Polyvalent
Antivenom in Snakebite Patients
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghafar-Ali , Ahadi Maryam , Fouladvand Ali , Rezaei Bareza , Bodagh Zahra , Astaraki Peyman 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Antivenom is a gold-standard treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, adverse reactions to snake antivenom are common in many parts.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergic reactions following intravenous administration of antivenom sera.

Methods:
This was retrospective study, conducted snakebites patients referred to the Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad. The files of these patients were accessed for demographic data, snakebite-related data, treatment provided, clinical presentation and allergic reaction status as a result of antivenom treatment.

Results:
141 cases were investigated including 73.8% male and 26.2% female patients. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±17.1years. Age group 30-39 years accounted for highest number of snakebite cases (24.1%). A majority of victims (89.4%) were from the rural areas. Most of the patients (51.8%) were bitten in the spring and highest number of snakebite were reported in May (39.1%). The most common site of snakebite was lower extremities (50.4%) and upper extremities (44.7%). Among clinical feature of snakebite, pain was the most prevalent in 135 cases (95.7%) followed by swelling (83.7%). The mean antivenom vials used were 6.5±3.7 vials. Allergic reactions occurred in 6 patients (4.26%); reactions were mild in 5 patients and sever in 1patient. The commonest presentation was maculopapular rash (1.4%) and the least common were headache (0.71%), nausea (0.71%), fever (0.71) and hypotension (0.71%).

Conclusion:
Snakebite is one of the significantlife-threatening environmental events.Immediate antivenom treatment can reduce mortality however, patients should be carefully monitored for adverse allergic reactions.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of the Dillenia suffruticosa
Leaves against the Lung (A549) and Cervical (CaSki) Cancer
Cell Lines
Authors: Goh May Poh Yik , Ahmad Norhayati , Yasin Hartini , Jama Abdalla 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Mart. has been traditionally used to promote
wound healing, relieve rheumatism, fever and some cancerous growths. The leaves of the local variety
of D. suffruticosa lack scientific studies on its biological applications in the context of antibacterial,
antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic
properties of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from Brunei Darussalam.

Methods:
The leaves were extracted using 80% (v/v) methanol, 80% (v/v) ethanol and aqueous.
The antioxidant capacities were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging
and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride
colorimetric assays were also used to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The
antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion
and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation
assays.

Results:
The methanolic extract of the D. suffruticosa leaves displayed the highest antioxidant activity
despite having comparable phenol content when extracted using the ethanol extraction solvent.
The methanolic extract also demonstrated antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus at a
concentration of 50 mg/mL or above. The cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract was higher against
the CaSki cell line than the A549 lung cancer cell line in the first 24 h but became more cytotoxic
against A549 than CaSki at 48 h and 72 h.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the methanolic extract of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from
Brunei Darussalam has significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and moderate
cytotoxicity against A549 and CaSki cell lines.
Investigations of Light Intensities, Nutrient, and Carbon Sources Towards Microalgae Oil Production via Soxhlet Extraction Techniques
Authors: Ching Wong Y. , Shukri Nur A. 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
This study was carried out to study the optimized condition for microalgae cultivation
in terms of light intensity, and nutrient supply. Also, use of a carbon source was studied to
optimize the microalgae growth to produce microalgae with a high biomass productivity and a high
lipid content.

Background:
Algae can be categorized into macroalgae and microalgae. Commonly, microalgae
are used to produce biodiesel since microalgae can yield 5000-15000 of oil gallons compared to
plant-based biomass as feedstock produced 50-500 oil gallon. Furthermore, microalgae do not face
any food crisis and can be cultivated in any wasteland that is not suitable for agriculture throughout
the year, compared to crops. Microalgae can also be cultivated in freshwater, saline water and
wastewater.

Methods:
Microalgae cultivation was carried out with microalgae culture labelled as MX1, MX2,
MX3, MX4 and were cultivated under high light intensities, whereas MY1, MY2, MY3, MY4
were cultivated under medium light intensity and MZ1, MZ2, MZ3 MZ4 became control culture
that was cultivated under high light intensities and no light condition.

Results:
The effect of light intensity, NPK fertilizer, and glucose on microalgae’s biomass production
will be observed simultaneously. At the end of cultivation, MX2 obtained the highest biomass
of 97.186 g. The oil extraction yield is 9.66%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of UFA and
PUFA in the oil.

Conclusion:
Thus, future research is needed to improve the technique to increase the microalgae
biomass and lipid to become the potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel.
Machine Learning-Based Classification Models for Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Jaiswal Sushma 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
The goal of this study is to expand the diabetes decision-making framework
through the advancement of computational intelligence. Several artificial network and machine-
learning-based methods have been developed and validated, most of which are based on the
Pima Indian dataset. So far, no method has reached an accuracy of 99-100%. Various tools such
as Machine Learning (ML) and Data Mining are used for the correct identification of diabetes.
These tools improve the diagnostic process associated with T2DM. Diabetes mellitus type 2
(DMT2) is a major problem in several developing countries, and its early diagnosis can save several
people’s lives. Accordingly, we have to build a structure that diagnoses type 2 diabetes. This
paper proposes a fuzzy expert system that uses the Mamdani fuzzy inference structure (MFIS) to
diagnose type 2 diabetes accurately. The proposed research work has been created using a variety
of machine learning algorithms such as J48 Decision-tree (DT), Multilayer perceptron (MLP),
Support-vector-machine (SVM), Naive-Bayes (NB), Fusion, and Mixed fusion-based. Actual data
from the UCI machine learning datasets are used to validate the advanced Fuzzy expert system
(FES) and machine learning algorithms.

Objective:
A review of recent advances in machine learning-based classification models for diabetes
diagnosis is presented in this survey paper.

Methods:
This paper compares modified fusion processes to fundamental models such as radial
basis function, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, J48, logistic regression, classification,
regression trees, etc., for diagnosing type 2 diabetes.

Results:
Figs. 3 and 4 show the results for each classifier based on prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:
The fuzzy expert system is the best among its rival classifiers. SVM performs very
poorly with a very low true positive rate, i.e., a very high number of positive cases misclassified
as (non-diabetic) negative. Based on the evaluation, it is clear that the fuzzy expert system has the
highest precision value. However, J48 is the least accurate classifier. Compared to the other classifiers
listed in the testing section, it has the greatest number of false positives. The results show
that the fuzzy expert system has the uppermost cost for both precision and recall. Thus, it has the
uppermost value for F-measure in the training and testing datasets. J48 is considered the secondbest
classifier for the training dataset, whereas Naïve Bayes comes in the second rank in the testing
dataset.
Bed Sensor Technology for Objective Sleep Monitoring Within the Clinical Rehabilitation Setting: Observational Feasibility Study
Authors: Hendriks Maartje M S , van Lotringen Jaap H , Vos-van der Hulst Marije , Keijsers Noël L W 
Published: February 2021

Background
Since adequate sleep is essential for optimal inpatient rehabilitation, there is an increased interest in sleep assessment. Unobtrusive, contactless, portable bed sensors show great potential for objective sleep analysis.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a bed sensor for continuous sleep monitoring overnight in a clinical rehabilitation center.

Methods
Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) or stroke were monitored overnight for a 1-week period during their in-hospital rehabilitation using the Emfit QS bed sensor. Feasibility was examined based on missing measurement nights, coverage percentages, and missing periods of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR). Furthermore, descriptive data of sleep-related parameters (nocturnal HR, RR, movement activity, and bed exits) were reported.

Results
In total, 24 participants (12 iSCI, 12 stroke) were measured. Of the 132 nights, 5 (3.8%) missed sensor data due to Wi-Fi (2), slipping away (1), or unknown (2) errors. Coverage percentages of HR and RR were 97% and 93% for iSCI and 99% and 97% for stroke participants. Two-thirds of the missing HR and RR periods had a short duration of ≤120 seconds. Patients with an iSCI had an average nocturnal HR of 72 (SD 13) beats per minute (bpm), RR of 16 (SD 3) cycles per minute (cpm), and movement activity of 239 (SD 116) activity points, and had 86 reported and 84 recorded bed exits. Patients with a stroke had an average nocturnal HR of 61 (SD 8) bpm, RR of 15 (SD 1) cpm, and movement activity of 136 (SD 49) activity points, and 42 reported and 57 recorded bed exits. Patients with an iSCI had significantly higher nocturnal HR (t18=−2.1, P=.04) and movement activity (t18=−1.2, P=.02) compared to stroke patients. Furthermore, there was a difference between self-reported and recorded bed exits per night in 26% and 38% of the nights for iSCI and stroke patients, respectively.

Conclusions
It is feasible to implement the bed sensor for continuous sleep monitoring in the clinical rehabilitation setting. This study provides a good foundation for further bed sensor development addressing sleep types and sleep disorders to optimize care for rehabilitants.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Distress of Medical Students in Japan: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito , Ochi Kanako , Tokumasu Kazuki , Obika Mikako , Hagiya Hideharu , Kataoka Hitomi , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: February 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected medical education. However, little data are available about medical students’ distress during the pandemic.

Objective
This study aimed to provide details on how medical students have been affected by the pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 717 medical students participated in the web-based survey. The survey included questions about how the participants’ mental status had changed from before to after the Japanese nationwide state of emergency (SOE).

Results
Out of 717 medical students, 473 (66.0%) participated in the study. In total, 29.8% (141/473) of the students reported concerns about the shift toward online education, mostly because they thought online education would be ineffective compared with in-person learning. The participants’ subjective mental health status significantly worsened after the SOE was lifted (P<.001). Those who had concerns about a shift toward online education had higher odds of having generalized anxiety and being depressed (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% CI 1.19-3.28) as did those who said they would request food aid (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.16-3.44) and mental health care resources (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.07-6.15).

Conclusions
Given our findings, the sudden shift to online education might have overwhelmed medical students. Thus, we recommend that educators inform learners that online learning is not inferior to in-person learning, which could attenuate potential depression and anxiety.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF VALPROATE VERSUS LEVETIRACETAM IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METHYLENE TETRA-HYDRO FOLATE REDUCTASE GENOTYPES
Authors: FAREEDULLAH MOHAMMED , RAFI REHAB , NAAZ NEHA , ALI SHAMS MOHAMMED BARKATH , SHAISTA BABAR SYEDA , ISHAQ MOHAMMED , MOHIUDDIN JALAAL MOHAMMED , JAWALKAR SRIKANTH 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The study objects at assessing and comparing the intensity of the effect of valproate (VPA) and levetiracetam (LV) on the bone mass in young adult epileptic patients while distinguishing their methylene tetra-hydro folate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes and correlating MTHFR polymorphism and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) usage with the risk of development of osteoporosis.
Methods: The study design was a comparative, prospective, and observational study. It was conducted at Princess Esra Hospital (PEH), Hyderabad and genotype testing was carried out at Salar-e-Millat Research lab (PEH). The consent was obtained from total 70 subjects, divided into three groups:
Group 1: 18 patients receiving sodium VPA monotherapy
Group 2: 17 patients receiving LV monotherapy
Group 3: 35 healthy control subjects from general population.
Patients of either gender within age group of 15–40 years, experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures or focal seizures, receiving the AED for duration of time ≥2 years were included in the study.
Results: Our study showed significant correlation between the AEDs treatment and MTHFR polymorphism in predisposing osteoporosis.
Conclusion: The variants of MTHFR gene (C677T) are prone to develop increased levels of homocysteine as a result of decreased activity of the enzyme in their bodies which are further increased in patients receiving AEDs. Monitoring of homocysteine levels in epileptic patients especially in the mutants of MTHFR gene along with their periodic testing of bone mineral density levels is recommended. Treatment for low folate and calcium levels is recommended in these patients to correct their deficiencies.
IMMOBILIZATION OF AMYLASE PRODUCING BACTERIA (BACILLUS SUBTILIS) FROM SOIL OF WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION SOLAN, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: KUMAR ARUN , KUMARI POONAM , GUDETA KASAHUN , JULKA JM 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The paper aimed to immobilize amylase producing bacterial strain on a suitable matrix and characterization of its physicochemical properties so that much amount of amylase could be produced to be applied in different industries.
Methods: Bacterial colonies were sub-cultured from samples collected from soil in freshly prepared dishes containing starch agar by dot method using sterile inoculating needles from which five different bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus were isolated and assigned as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5.
Results: It was found that A1 displayed the highest enzyme activity of 17.89 IU/ml with enzyme assay of 0.83 mg/ml and the bacterium was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. A5 displayed 10.13 IU/ml with protein contents of 0.11 mg/ml indicated that A1 possess the highest enzyme activities which were categorized under Bacillus and protein contents and A5 showed less amount of enzyme activities and protein contents as compared to other.
Conclusion: The bacteria which were produced much amount of enzyme activities identified as Bacillus subtilis and recommended and have been recommended to be cultured for the production of amylase enzyme.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: PRASAD TS DURGA , R NEHA , R KALYANI , P SANDEEP KUMAR , SRI A JAYA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pancreatitis and to appraise the risk factors associated with the pancreatitis.
Methods: A prospective observational study was performed with admitted cases of pancreatitis over 6 month’s period. A total of 150 patients were selected for the study. All data concerning risk factors were recorded and Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was applied and quality of life (QOL) was analyzed in all patients with in study group.
Results: All domains of (HRQoL) were assessed; it shows highest effect on role limitations due to physical health (36%), role limitations due to emotional problems (29%), role limitations due to physical health, and role limitations due to emotional problems (10%). Finally, our study revealed that there is a profound deterioration in physical components of QOL. The risk factors that majorly influence the QOL in association with disease were found to be alcohol consumption and smoking (70%).
Conclusion: Pancreatitis remarkably diminishes the patient’s HRQoL which predominantly shows negative impact on physical health.
A STUDY TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: G DIVYA , CHOUDHARY DG PRAVALLIKA , KUMAR J KARUN , A PRAVEEN , PN SMITHA , R LAKSHMI 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and it accounts for 27% of all cancer cases among women in India. This study aims to assess the awareness of the patients regarding the breast cancer and also to check their knowledge toward the symptoms of breast cancer as well as the breast self-examination process. This study also determines the attitude of patients regarding the breast cancer and breast self-examination.
Methods: A prospective educational study was done using a pre-designed questionnaire on 523 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months. All women greater than 20 years admitted in the Department of General Medicine and General Surgery in-patient female ward of SVRRGGH were included in the study.
Results: Out of 523 women, a greater proportion respondents 515 (98%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Two hundred and eighty-one (53%) show positive attitude while 225 (43%) show neutral attitude and 17 (4%) show negative attitude toward breast cancer. Only 18 (0.3%) know how to perform breast self-examination while the remaining patients have never performed the breast self-examination. Two hundred and one (38%) have agreed to consult a doctor if they found any lumps in the breast whereas the remaining did not respond. After the counseling session with patients, their knowledge regarding the above problems related to breast cancer has significantly increased.
Conclusion: Majority of the participants had poor knowledge of breast cancer as well as low level of practice of breast cancer screening procedures. However, patients do have a positive attitude toward the breast cancer which can help to detect the cancer in early stages. Hence, a greater focus on providing breast cancer education programs can create awareness among women in respect to screening programs which, in turn, can decrease the risk of death due to its late discovery.
ANALISIS KAJIAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DAPAT MENYEBABKANKETERLAMBATAN PROYEK PADA PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL SERANG – PANIMBANG
Authors: Adi Santoso waskito , Purba Aleksander , Kustiani Ika 
Published: February 2021

Dari analisis hasil pencapaian faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan proyek pembangunan Jalan Tol Serang-Panimbang menggunakan indeks kepentingan yaitu berdasarkan nilai mean dari skor jawaban responden maka disimpulkan terdapat 9% kelompok faktor yang masuk kategori cukup berpengaruh dengan rentang nilai mean antara 2,60 sampai dengan 3,40 dan sebanyak 78% kelompok faktor yang masuk kategori berpengaruh dengan rentang nilai mean antara 3,51 sampai dengan 4,20. Sedangkan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan proyek adalah sebanyak 3% kelompok faktor dengan rentang nilai mean antara 4,21 sampai dengan 5,00 yaitu faktor basic design dan dokumen tender investasi yang tidak akurat sehingga terjadi perubahan-perubahan dalam perencanaan dan spesifikasi, faktor pembebasan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan jadwal pengadaan lahan yang telah ditetapkan Pemerintah serta faktor proses pengesahan dokumen detail engineering design yang berjenjang dari BPJT berlanjut ke Direktorat Jalan Bebas Hambatan dan Perkotaan Kementerian PUPR. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis faktor menunjukan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek pembangunan Jalan Tol Serang-Panimbang terdapat pada faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek pembangunan Jalan Tol Serang-Panimbang terdapat pada faktor tenaga kerja, bahan, peralatan (equipment), serta perencanaan dan penjadwalan dengan nilai keragaman total sebesar 39,484%, kemudian faktor perubahan (change) dan karakteristik tempat dengan nilai keragaman total sebesar 12,958% dan faktor situasi dengan nilai keragaman total sebesar 8,829% serta faktor lingkup dan kontrak yang mempunyai nilai keragaman total sebesar 6,492%.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 028 Rimbo Panjang Kecamatan Tambang
Authors: Ali Damsir , Syarifudin Muhamad , Bakhtiar Nurhasanah 
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD Negeri 028 Rimbo Panjang, hal ini dilihat dari nilai rata-rata ulangan harian siswa yaitu 59,19, sedangkan KKM yang ditetapkan adalah 65. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa. Setelah dilakukan penelitian dan analisis data ditemukan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yaitu dari nilai rata-rata awal 59,19 menjadi 77,81. Aktifitas guru meningkat dari 70% menjadi 95%. Aktifitas siswa juga mengalami peningkatan dari 65% menjadi 90%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD Negeri 028 Rimbo Panjang Kecamatan Tambang