bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nationwide web-based survey of factors associated with depressive symptoms among Japanese workers
Authors: Saito Shota , Qi Ruan , Tran Huyen Thi Thanh , Suzuki Kenji , Takiguchi Toru , Noto Shinichi , Ohde Sachiko , Takahashi Osamu 
Published: May 2021

Background: Precarious employment has affected mental health, and limited data are available on the association of low stress tolerance with depressive symptoms among Japanese workers. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between stress tolerance and depressive symptoms among Japanese workers, including company employees, civil servants and self-employed persons in various industries. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study. From March 26 to April 6, 2020, we performed a web-based survey of Japanese workers. The questionnaire included questions on socioeconomic factors, the SOC scale that assesses stress tolerance, the CES-D, and the EQ-5D-5L. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Results: We included 3,001 participants in the analysis. A high SOC score, adequate sleeping time and frequency of exercise were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Employment status and long working hours were not associated with depressive symptoms. Younger workers had lower SOC scores than older workers. An inverse correlation between the SOC score and CES-D score was found among Japanese workers. Conclusions: Improving stress tolerance among younger workers is needed to prevent worsening mental health regardless of employment status for Japanese workers.
Perched on a Parched Hill: Popular Women, Popular Feminism, and the Struggle for Water in Medellín
Authors: Arango-Vargas Carolina 
Published: May 2021

Organized popular women in Medellín, Colombia, have exerted lasting influence on the city’s women’s movement by centering a gender-class approach to women’s issues and thus contributing to long-standing forms of popular feminism in Latin America. The work of the grassroots Red de Mujeres Populares and the nongovernmental organization Corporación Vamos Mujer in positioning the right to water as a key demand on the city’s feminist agenda draws upon a legacy of socialist feminisms. These organizations’ praxis demonstrates that the struggle for water is political and embodies a critique of care work within the capitalist structure articulated from a gender and class consciousness. Popular women reclaim their identity as political agents of their own making, underscoring their active role as women whose lives are defined by political acumen rather than scarcity. Las mujeres populares organizadas en Medellín, Colombia, han ejercido una influencia duradera en el movimiento de mujeres de la ciudad al centrar un enfoque de clase y género en el análisis de las problemáticas de las mujeres, contribuyendo así a la larga tradición del feminismo popular en Latinoamérica. El trabajo que la organización de base Red de Mujeres Populares y la organización no gubernamental Corporación Vamos Mujer desarrollan en torno a la lucha por establecer, el derecho al agua como una demanda clave en la agenda feminista de la ciudad, se basa en el legado de los feminismos socialistas. La praxis de estas organizaciones demuestra que la lucha por el agua es política a la vez que encarna una crítica al trabajo del cuidado dentro de la estructura capitalista, articulada a partir de la conciencia de clase y género. Las mujeres populares reclaman su identidad como agentes políticas de su propia creación, subrayando su papel activo como mujeres cuyas vidas se definen a partir de la perspicacia política en lugar de la escasez.
Risk factors for peripheral venous catheter failure: A prospective cohort study of 5345 patients
Authors: Chen Ya-mei , Fan Xiao-wen , Liu Ming-hong , Wang Jie , Yang Yi-qun , Su Yu-fang 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the independent risk factors associated with peripheral venous catheter (PVC) failure and develop a model that can predict PVC failure. Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study was carried out in nine tertiary hospitals in Suzhou, China between December 2017 and February 2018. Adult patients undergoing first-time insertion of a PVC were observed from catheter insertion to removal. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors predicting PVC failure. Results: This study included 5345 patients. The PVC failure rate was 54.05% ( n = 2889/5345), and the most common causes of PVC failure were phlebitis (16.3%) and infiltration/extravasation (13.8%). On multivariate analysis, age (45–59 years: OR, 1.295; 95% CI, 1.074–1.561; 60–74 years: OR, 1.375; 95% CI, 1.143–1.654; ⩾75 years: OR, 1.676; 95% CI, 1.355–2.073); department (surgery OR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.062–1.423; emergency internal/surgical ward OR, 1.451; 95% CI, 1.082–1.945); history of venous puncture in the last week (OR, 1.298, 95% CI 1.130–1.491); insertion site, number of puncture attempts, irritant fluid infusion, daily infusion time, daily infusion volume, and type of sealing liquid were independent predictors of PVC failure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that a logistic regression model constructed using these variables had moderate accuracy for the prediction of PVC failure (area under the curve, 0.781). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test demonstrated that the model was correctly specified (χ2 = 2.514, p = 0.961). Conclusion: This study should raise awareness among healthcare providers of the risk factors for PVC failure. We recommend that healthcare providers use vascular access device selection tools to select a clinically appropriate device and for the timely detection of complications, and have a list of drugs classified as irritants or vesicants so they can monitor patients receiving fluid infusions containing these drugs more frequently.
Fibrin sheath disruption during guidewire exchange for bacteremia: Low recurrence of infection and preservation of vascular access sites
Authors: Voiculescu Adina S , Hentschel Dirk M 
Published: May 2021

Background: Catheter-associated bacteremia (CAB) often leads to removal of tunneled dialysis catheters with delayed insertion (RDI). Exchange over a guidewire (ExW) can be considered for access site preservation. Fibrin sheath disruption (FSD) during exchange is not standard practice for infected catheters. Here we present the first analysis of outcomes after such exchanges (ExW-FSD). Methods: Retrospective analysis of catheter exchanges and removals performed by interventional nephrology for bacteremia in 2008–2011 observed for 20.5 months. Charts were reviewed for recurrent or new bacteremia and death at 3 months, and for occurrence of thrombosis or stenosis along the catheter site. Catheter exchange with central venogram and fibrin sheath disruption was our standard of care in all patients presenting for CAB. RDI was performed either for tunnel infection, non-clearing of infection or at the request of referring physicians. Results: Over 4 years, 66 patients were treated for CAB. Forty-two patients underwent ExW-FSD, which was performed even for Staph. aureus, gram negative bacteremia or candidemia. RDI was performed in 24 cases. Bacteremia recurred in 3 (7%) patients after ExW-FSD, and in 7 (30%) cases after RDI ( p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in new infections: 5 (12%) after ExW-FSD and 2 (8%) after RDI. There was no death within 3 months after ExW-FSD and 4 (27%) ( p = 0.005) deaths in the RDI group. There was one new central venous stenosis in the ExW-FSD group (2%) with no loss of access site, and 8 (33%) patients developed thrombosis/stenosis along the prior catheter track after RDI (33%) ( p = 0.006) with loss of access site in (21%). Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of treatment of CAB, ExW-FSD was associated with lower recurrence of bacteremia, lower death rate and a lower incidence of access site loss compared to RDI. These data support ExW-FSD use in patients with CAB.
Effect of K-wire Reuse and Drill Mode on Heat Generation in Bone
Authors: Muriuki Muturi G. , Reddy Arun K. , Tauchen Alex , Havey Robert M. , Patwardhan Avinash G. , Bindra Randy R. 
Published: May 2021

Background We examined the effect of Kirschner wire (K-wire) reuse and use of oscillating mode on heat generation within cortical bone. Methods Two trocar-tipped K-wires were drilled through the diaphysis of each of 30 human metacarpals and phalanges: one K-wire was inserted in rotary mode and another in oscillating mode. Each wire was reused once. Thermocouples placed within the dorsal and volar bone adjacent to the K-wire drill path measured temperatures throughout each test. Results Peak cortex temperatures were 25°C to 164°C. Rotary drilling achieves peak temperatures quicker (31 ± 78 seconds vs 44 ± 78 seconds, P = .19) than oscillating drilling, but insertion time is also less, resulting in lower overall heat exposure. This effect is also seen when the K-wire is reused (34 ± 70 seconds vs 41 ± 85 seconds, P = .4). The length of time that cortical bone was exposed to critical temperatures (47°C or more) was significantly higher when a wire was reused (36 ± 72 seconds vs 43 ± 82 seconds, P = .008). Peak temperatures greater than 70°C (a temperature associated with instantaneous cell death) were observed on many occasions. Conclusions Overall heat exposure may be higher if a K-wire is reused or inserted in oscillating mode. In the absence of external cooling, K-wire insertion into cortical bone can easily expose bone to temperatures that exceed 70°C and may increase the risk of osteonecrosis.
Folates, folic acid and preconception care – a review
Authors: House Simon H , Nichols John AA , Rae Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Summary The link between folate deficiency and congenital spina bifida defects was first suggested in the 1960s. Although the prevention of these defects by preconception folic acid supplementation was confirmed in a large multi-centre controlled trial in 1991, its subsequent implementation as health education advice has made very little difference. North America’s policy of folic acid fortification of flour and bread has had a beneficial impact. No European country has implemented fortification due to concern over possible adverse effects on older subjects, but a recent review shows these to be largely hypothetical and far outweighed by beneficial effects. Recent research by Menezo et al. has, however, shown that folic acid is ineffective for some women with severe fertility problems including recurrent miscarriage and failed in vitro fertilisation. There is a genetically determined bottleneck (677TT) in their folate metabolism that can be successfully overridden by going straight to the next step in the metabolic pathway and taking 5-methylytetrahydrofolate, as a preconception supplement. Menezo suggests that all women with fertility problems should be tested for 677TT. If fortification of flour and bread is to be implemented in the UK, there should be monitoring for possible adverse effects including the incidence of colorectal cancers and cognitive decline. In conclusion, whilst there are concerns that fortification could have a detrimental effect on these conditions, there is sound evidence that it would have much greater beneficial effects.
An Adapted Online Family Medicine Training for House Officers Amid Covid-19 Pandemic in Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Marwa M. , Fares Samar , Sayed Asmaa A. , El Sayed Inas T. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge to house officers training programs because of the safety measures. Objective This current study aimed to introduce the adaptation of family medicine training for house officers during COVID-19 pandemic and gauge their level of satisfaction with the training. Methods Unfortunately, more than one-fourth of the house officers attending the family medicine training turned out to be hospital-admitted or in obligatory home isolation. A time-sensitive plan was proposed to maintain a competent training guaranteeing safety and support of house officers and fulfilling the training objectives in a virtual setting. Three mentors were assigned to each 10 house officers to provide continuous support and monitoring. Tutor and house officer interaction and reflection were maintained through a virtual clinical training session via Zoom application and a daily online discussion of a clinical scenario. Peer interaction was provided through post-webinar and small-group online discussion sessions. Results The adapted training was applied on thirteen cohorts of house officers. The response rate was 70% (666 out of 950). Most of them were satisfied with the training (84.6%). Their satisfaction with each modality of the training was encouraging. Conclusions During COVID-19 pandemic, successful adaptation of family medicine training has succeeded in fulfilling the training objectives and providing psychological support and engagement for house officers without burdening the hospital-admitted and home-isolated house officers.
Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis With Lateral Ligament Stabilization for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Patients With Ankle Instability
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Casari Fabio A. , Germann Christoph , Weigelt Lizzy , Wirth Stephan H. , Viehöfer Arnd F. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) has been shown to result in favorable clinical outcomes in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). Though, the influence of ankle instability on cartilage repair of the ankle has yet to be determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with and without concomitant lateral ligament stabilization (LLS) undergoing AMIC for the treatment of OLT. It was hypothesized that the outcomes would be comparable between these patient groups. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-six patients (13 with and 13 without concomitant ankle instability) who underwent AMIC with a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 1.5 years were enrolled in this study. Patients were matched 1:1 according to age, body mass index (BMI), lesion size, and follow-up. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and Tegner, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores were obtained at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. A musculoskeletal radiologist scored all grafts according to the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) 1 and MOCART 2.0 scores. Results: The patients’ mean age was 33.4 ± 12.7 years, with a mean BMI of 26.2 ± 3.7. Patients with concomitant LLS showed worse clinical outcome measured by the AOFAS (85.1 ± 14.4 vs 96.3 ± 5.8; P = .034) and Tegner (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 4.4 ± 2.3; P = .012) scores. Postoperative CAIT and AOFAS scores were significantly correlated in patients with concomitant LLS ( r = 0.766; P = .002). A CAIT score >24 (no functional ankle instability) resulted in AOFAS scores comparable with scores in patients with isolated AMIC (90.1 ± 11.6 vs 95.3 ± 6.6; P = .442). No difference was seen between groups regarding MOCART 1 and 2.0 scores ( P = .714 and P = .371, respectively). Conclusion: Concurrently performed AMIC and LLS in patients with OLT and ankle instability resulted in clinical outcomes comparable with isolated AMIC if postoperative ankle stability was achieved. However, residual ankle instability was associated with worse postoperative outcomes, highlighting the need for adequate stabilization of ankle instability in patients with OLT.
Human Development, Per Capita Income Differentials and English as Source of Demographic Dividends Among the Youth in India
Authors: Shariff Abusaleh , Alam Asrar 
Published: May 2021

India has a large youthful population; this ‘young nation’ is both a national and international resource that facilitates global value added. Such gains would accrue only when the youth are adequately educated, skilled and occupied in gainful employment. India, however, is staring at a missed opportunity that favours harnessing demographic dividends offered by demographic transition. Keeping the tradition of high levels of diversity of labour force in India, this article examines the youthful demographic parameters according to socio-religious communities (SRCs). The economic momentum needed to reach a US$5 trillion (GDP) economy can only occur when the youth of India is educated, skilled and employed. A rather rare data set is analysed to explore the importance of English language education in augmenting demographic dividends. Traditionally, disadvantageous groups, especially Muslims and Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs), are the youngest in India, yet their share in workforce is lowest when compared to other groups. This article reviews few human development dimensions like the rate of poverty change in the recent past and traces the path of educational transition and human development according to SRCs. A further analysis suggests that irrespective of any SRC identity, knowledge and fluency in English are some of the most dominant discriminatory factors in India in terms of the ability to earn higher incomes.
Cytokine combinations for human blood stem cell expansion induce cell-type– and cytokine-specific signaling dynamics
Authors: Wang Weijia , Zhang Yang , Dettinger Philip , Reimann Andreas , Kull Tobias , Loeffler Dirk , Manz Markus G. , Lengerke Claudia , Schroeder Timm 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) integrate signals from their environment to make fate decisions remains incompletely understood. Current knowledge is based on either averages of heterogeneous populations or snapshot analyses, both missing important information about the dynamics of intracellular signaling activity. By combining fluorescent biosensors with time-lapse imaging and microfluidics, we measured the activity of the extracellular-signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway over time (ie, dynamics) in live single human umbilical cord blood HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs). In single cells, ERK signaling dynamics were highly heterogeneous and depended on the cytokines, their combinations, and cell types. ERK signaling was activated by stem cell factor (SCF) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand in HSCs but SCF, interleukin 3, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in MPPs. Different cytokines and their combinations led to distinct ERK signaling dynamics frequencies, and ERK dynamics in HSCs were more transient than those in MPPs. A combination of 5 cytokines recently shown to maintain HSCs in long-term culture, had a more-than-additive effect in eliciting sustained ERK dynamics in HSCs. ERK signaling dynamics also predicted future cell fates. For example, CD45RA expression increased more in HSC daughters with intermediate than with transient or sustained ERK signaling. We demonstrate heterogeneous cytokine- and cell-type–specific ERK signaling dynamics, illustrating their relevance in regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) cell fates.
Adaptive evolution of Moniliophthora PR-1 proteins towards its pathogenic lifestyle
Authors: Vasconcelos Adrielle A. , José Juliana , Tokimatu Paulo M. , Camargo Antonio P. , Teixeira Paulo J. P. L. , Thomazella Daniela P. T. , do Prado Paula F. V. , Fiorin Gabriel L. , Costa Juliana L. , Figueira Antonio , Carazzolle Marcelo F. , Pereira Gonçalo A. G. , Baroni Renata M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are hemibiotrophic fungi that respectively cause the witches’ broom disease and frosty pod rot in Theobroma cacao. Interestingly, a large number of plant PR-1-like genes are present in the genomes of both species and many are up-regulated during the biotrophic interaction. In this study, we investigated the evolution of PR-1 proteins from 22 genomes of Moniliophthora isolates and 16 other Agaricales species, performing genomic investigation, phylogenetic reconstruction, positive selection search and gene expression analysis.

Results
Phylogenetic analysis revealed conserved PR-1 genes (PR-1a, b, d, j), shared by many Agaricales saprotrophic species, that have diversified in new PR-1 genes putatively related to pathogenicity in Moniliophthora (PR-1f, g, h, i), as well as in recent specialization cases within M. perniciosa biotypes (PR-1c, k, l) and M. roreri (PR-1n). PR-1 families in Moniliophthora with higher evolutionary rates exhibit induced expression in the biotrophic interaction and positive selection clues, supporting the hypothesis that these proteins accumulated adaptive changes in response to host–pathogen arms race. Furthermore, although previous work showed that MpPR-1 can detoxify plant antifungal compounds in yeast, we found that in the presence of eugenol M. perniciosa differentially expresses only MpPR-1e, k, d, of which two are not linked to pathogenicity, suggesting that detoxification might not be the main function of most MpPR-1.

Conclusions
Based on analyses of genomic and expression data, we provided evidence that the evolution of PR-1 in Moniliophthora was adaptive and potentially related to the emergence of the parasitic lifestyle in this genus. Additionally, we also discuss how fungal PR-1 proteins could have adapted from basal conserved functions to possible roles in fungal pathogenesis.