bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kea, Nestor notabilis, achieve cooperation in dyads, triads, and tetrads when dominants show restraint
Authors: Schwing R. , Meaux E. , Piseddu A. , Huber L. , Noë R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnimal cooperation in the wild often involves multiple individuals that must tolerate each other in close proximity. However, most cooperation experiments in the lab are done with two animals, that are often also physically separated. Such experiments are useful for answering some pertinent questions, for example about the understanding of the role of the partner and strategies of partner control, but say little about factors determining successful cooperation with multiple partners in group settings. We explored the influence of dominance, rank distance, tolerance, affiliation, and coordination by testing kea parrots with a box requiring two, three, or four chains to be pulled simultaneously to access food rewards. The reward could be divided unevenly, but not monopolized completely. Eventually dyadic, triadic, and tetradic cooperation tasks were solved, showing that non-human animals are capable of tetradic cooperation in an experimental setup. Starting with two chains, we found that in a dyad monopolization of the box by the highest-ranking bird was the largest obstacle preventing successful cooperation. High-ranking birds learned to restrain themselves from monopolizing the box during a single session in which monopolization was hindered by the presence of a large number of birds. Thereafter, restraint by dominants remained the strongest factor determining success in the first trial in dyadic, triadic, and tetradic setups. The probability of success increased with the degree of restraint shown by all dominant subjects present. Previous experience with the task contributed to success in subsequent sessions, while increasing rank distance reduced success notably in the four-chain setup.
TANGGUNG JAWAB KARYAWAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN DI USAHA DAGANG FAHMI MEUBEL KECAMATAN KWANDANG KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA
Authors: Katili Andi Yusuf , Kaluku Yuliana 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Tanggung Jawab Karyawan Dalam Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Di Usaha Dagang Fahmi Meubel Kecamatan Kwandang Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskrisptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara menggunakan pedoman wawancara yang diajukan kepada sejumlah informan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, verifikasi dan penegasan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Masih ada karyawan yang sering terlambat dalam dalam waktu memulai pekerjaan, dimulai dari karyawan yang memiliki tugas dalam memproduksi perabotan rumah tangga, sampai karyawan yang bertugas sebagai penjual kurang menaati aturan serta kedisiplinan dalam bekerja tersebut. 2. Masih belum berjalan secara efesien dan tujuan yang diharapkan perusahaan belum bisa mencapai target sesuai pesanan para konsumen dan ada pula sebagian karyawan dalam menjalankan tugasnya masih ada yang terbengkalai, hal ini bisa menimbulkan keterlambatan penyelesain produk yang telah dipesan oleh konsumen. 3. Semangat kerja karyawan yang ada di Usaha Dagang (UD) Fahmi Meubel masih kurang, ada juga terdapat hasil produksi perabotan lainnya yang tidak sesuai dengan target pesanan atau jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan. 4 Kreatif kerja yang dilakukan karyawan yang ada di Usaha Dagang (UD) Fahmi Meubel belum sepenuhnya berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan, masih perlu pembenahan oleh pihak perusahaan
Disarankan: 1 Diharapkan disiplin yang dimiliki oleh seorang karyawan yang ada di Usaha Dagang (UD) Fahmi Meubel bisa menjadi suatu perhatian bagi setiap karyawan, agar diwaktu pelaksnaan pekerjaan tidak ada yang terlambat dan mentaati aturan yang ada. 2 Diharapkan Kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh karyawan bisa berjalan dengan baik antara karyawan yang satu dengan yang lainnya agar produk yang dibuat bisa selesai tepat waktu sesuai target yang telah ditentukan. 3Diharapkan semangat kerja yang ada pada karyawan bisa ditingkatkan untuk tercapainya kinerja yang baik. 4 Diharapkan Kreatif kerja yang dimiliki karyawan bisa berjalan sepenuhnya, dan bisa berkereatifitas untuk memproduksi perabotan rumah tangga yang hasil jualnya cukup tinggi, dan bisa bersaing.
Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab, Karyawan, Pelaksanaan, Pekerjaan
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI KLINIS OLEH KEPALA SEKOLAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR KATOLIK PIGASEMSTER GANJIL TAHUN 2018/2019
Authors: Laurensius Waghe 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif di SDK Piga, Kecamatan Soa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah. Kegiatan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan,observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Tempat penelitian di SDK Piga, Kecamatan Soa, Kabupaten Ngada. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru - guru di SDK Piga yang berjumlah 8 orang, yang terdiri dari 6 orang guru kelas dan 2 orang guru mata pelajaran. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode obeservasi kelas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif komparatif. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dideskripsikan dalam bentuk kata-kata atau penjelasan. Selanjutnya dilakukan komparasi data untuk memastikan ada tidaknya peningkatan kinerja guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di Kelas. Hasil penelitian diketahui pada kondisi awal nilai supervisi klinis kepala sekolah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran diperoleh rata-rata 69,81, pada Siklus I mengalamai peningkatan dengan rata – rata peroleh nilai pada supervisi klinis sebesar 76,92 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7,11. Pada siklus II nilai supervisi klinis diperoleh rata – rata 83,08. Mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke Siklus II sebesar 6, 16. Dari data ini berarti terjadi peningkatan nilai supervise klinis kepala sekolah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dari kondisi awal hingga akir siklus II sebesar 13, 93%.Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan Penerapan Supervisi Klinis Oleh Kepala Sekolah dapat Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif di Sekolah Dasar Katolik Piga semster Ganjil Tahun 2018/2019
From Starspots to Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections—Revisiting Empirical Stellar Relations
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Papaioannou Athanasios , Airapetian Vladimir S. , Atri Dimitra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Upcoming missions, including the James Webb Space Telescope, will soon characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial-type exoplanets in habitable zones around cool K- and M-type stars by searching for atmospheric biosignatures. Recent observations suggest that the ionizing radiation and particle environment from active cool planet hosts may be detrimental to exoplanetary habitability. Since no direct information on the radiation field is available, empirical relations between signatures of stellar activity, including the sizes and magnetic fields of starspots, are often used. Here, we revisit the empirical relation between the starspot size and the effective stellar temperature and evaluate its impact on estimates of stellar flare energies, coronal mass ejections, and fluxes of the associated stellar energetic particle events.
Ion Acceleration in Driven Magnetic Reconnection during High-energy–Density Plasma Interaction
Authors: Pongkitiwanichakul Peera , Fox William , Ruffolo David , Malakit Kittipat , Lezhnin Kirill V. , Matteucci Jack , Bhattacharjee Amitava 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strongly driven magnetic reconnection occurs in astrophysical events and also in laboratory experiments with laser-produced plasma. We have performed 2.5D particle-in-cell simulations of collisions of two high-energy–density plasmas resulting in strongly driven magnetic reconnection that demonstrates significant non-thermal ion acceleration. Such acceleration is significant only when the plasma beta is sufficiently low that the Alfvén speed at the reconnection inflow exceeds the thermal speed. Under these conditions, the most energetic ions are primarily accelerated by the Hall electric field in the reconnection outflow, especially at the trailing edge of an emerging plasmoid in the outflow. Laboratory experiments in the near future should be able to confirm these predictions and their applicability to astrophysical situations.
OGLE-ing the Magellanic System: Optical Reddening Maps of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from Red Clump Stars
Authors: Skowron D. M. , Skowron J. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Ulaczyk K. , Poleski R. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Mróz P. , Rybicki K. , Iwanek P. , Wrona M. , Gromadzki M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the most extensive and detailed reddening maps of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) derived from the color properties of Red Clump (RC) stars. The analysis is based on the deep photometric maps from the fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV), covering approximately 670 deg2 of the sky in the Magellanic System region. The resulting maps provide reddening information for 180 deg2 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and 75 deg2 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), with a resolution of 1.′7 × 1.′7 in the central parts of the MCs, decreasing to approximately 27′ × 27′ in the outskirts. The mean reddening is E(V − I) = 0.100 ± 0.043 mag in the LMC and E(V − I) = 0.047 ± 0.025 mag in the SMC. We refine methods of calculating the RC color to obtain the highest possible accuracy of reddening maps based on RC stars. Using spectroscopy of red giants, we find the metallicity gradient in both MCs, which causes a slight decrease of the intrinsic RC color with distance from the galaxy center of ∼0.002 mag/deg in the LMC and between 0.003 and 0.009 mag/deg in the SMC. The central values of the intrinsic RC color are 0.886 and 0.877 mag in the LMC and SMC, respectively. The reddening map of the MCs is available both in downloadable form and as an interactive interface.
Another copy of the Laws of Hammurabi
Authors: Wagensonner Klaus 
Published: February 2021

Le présent article vise à publier un fragment d’une tablette à plusieurs colonnes, qui contenait une section des lois d’Hammurabi. Les lois, bien connues grâce à la grande stèle de basalte du Louvre, sont devenues au cours des deuxième et premier millénaires avant J.-C. un « texte culturel » qui a été étudié en Assyrie et en Babylonie.
Le Royaume-Uni et la normalisation à l’heure du Brexit
Authors: Peyrat Olivier , Costes Alain 
Published: February 2021

La normalisation volontaire européenne (les normes EN) apporte depuis 35 ans une contribution majeure à la construction du marché unique européen en faisant disparaître les particularismes nationaux, grâce à un mécanisme élaboré de co-construction du consensus, et en proposant des règles du jeu claires et équitables pour toutes les entreprises, valables dans tous les pays de l’Union. Les trois acteurs principaux de cette réalisation sont l’Allemagne, la France et le Royaume-Uni, par l’implication de leurs organismes de normalisation (respectivement le DIN, l’AFNOR et la BSI) et de celle de leurs acteurs économiques (les parties prenantes). C’est dire si l’échéance du Brexit au 1 er janvier 2021 revêt une importance cruciale pour les normalisateurs européens : l’un des trois acteurs majeurs va changer de statut et probablement de stratégie dans un contexte de volonté d’autonomie de son pays vis-à-vis de l’UE ! Or, la normalisation volontaire irrigue tous les secteurs d’activité de nos économies ; celles-ci sont très interdépendantes et le marché européen est crucial pour le Royaume-Uni, comme l’est celui-ci pour beaucoup de nos filières économiques. Celles-ci souhaitent donc conserver la plus grande unicité possible des référentiels, pendant que le gouvernement britannique insiste sur la nouvelle autonomie de son pays. Dans un exercice risqué d’anticipation, les auteurs de cet article vont indiquer comment les acteurs (français et autres) de la normalisation se préparent à gérer ces contradictions et comment sont anticipés les mois et années qui viennent, qui vont marquer le passage de la situation d’un mariage, souvent tumultueux, de plus de quatre décennies entre le Royaume-Uni et l’Union européenne, à des relations de bon voisinage.
The Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric: Implications for Evaluating Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Lee Kristin C. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Concern with patient safety necessitates valid and reliable measures to evaluate clinical judgment. The purpose of this article is to describe how the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions to promote clinical judgment and its psychometric properties.

Method:

Search terms included
nurse
,
student
,
clinical judgment
, and
Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric
in Scopus, ERIC, and CINAHL with EBSCOhost databases. The final review included 20 studies.

Results:
Researchers reported alphas for total scales as .80 to .97, subscales as .89 to .93, and students' self-scored as .81 to .82. Themes were: Individual Versus Group Evaluations, Clinical Judgment Scenarios, and Adaptation for Nonobservation Activities.

Conclusion:

Results of this review indicate that the LCJR can be used to evaluate clinical judgment, but educators need to consider inter- and intrarater reliability, individual versus group evaluation, clinical judgment scenarios, and adapting the rubric for nondirect observation activities.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(2):67–73.]
Improvisation Theater Exercises: A Novel Approach to Teach Communication Skills
Authors: Higgins Karen , Nesbitt Christianne 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Nurse practitioner students need effective communication skills to provide patient-centered care and work in diverse health care teams. Improvisation exercises, adapted from theater training, have been used to improve communication skills with health professions education and can be used in nurse practitioner education.

Method:
Fifty-eight family nurse practitioner students participated in a 2-hour workshop where they learned four improvisation exercises to improve listening skills, observational skills, and the ability to respond in the moment. Students learned the application of these skills for health care conversations.

Results:
The workshop was well received by the students, and evaluations reflected that students anticipated using the skills in professional practice and personal communications.

Conclusion:

Improvisation exercises can be used in nursing education to teach communication skills.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(2):116–119.]
Oral authentique et identification d’enjeux linguistiques
Authors: Berthe Florine , Gaudy-Campbell Isabelle , Huart Ruth 
Published: February 2021

L’écoute d’anglais authentique permet d’observer des aspects du fonctionnement de la langue orale qui vont à l’encontre de ce qu’on enseigne traditionnellement. S’agissant de l’accentuation, la distinction entre éléments lexicaux et marqueurs grammaticaux serait à nuancer. Nous traiterons alors de quelques mots outils (of, to, a, it) accentués à l’oral, qui ne sont ni « emphatiques » ni « contrastifs ». Toujours partant de l’écoute de to, nous remarquerons dans un second temps que des marqueurs, d’appartenance catégorielle totalement distincte, partagent certains traits de fonctionnement dans l’authenticité de leur usage et se dotent à l’oral de capacités que l’écrit ne leur octroie pas. Ainsi, nous distinguerons ces marqueurs pour leur « valeur opératoire ». Nous traiterons enfin du pseudo-clivage, habituellement étudié pour le réagencement et la focalisation qu’il permet. À l’oral, ces micro-fonctions sont pourtant relayées au second plan au profit de macro-fonctions allant de la structuration du discours à l’expression subjective du positionnement du locuteur.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
Authors: Parikh Mital , Konnur Abhijit , Hegde Umapati , Gang Sishir , Patel Hardik , Patel Jigar 
Published: February 2021

Background
Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is an autoimmune disorder defined by the presence of autoantibody directed against α3 chain of type IV collagen. It is clinically characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage.

Patients and methods
A retrospective study of 25 patients with anti-GBM disease, who were diagnosed and followed up at our institute from January 2011 to December 2017, was undertaken. Most patients presented with hypertension (76%), oliguria (80%), and dialysis-dependent renal failure (96%). Hemoptysis was seen in only one-third (28%) of patients. Diffuse glomerulosclerosis with crescents was the most common renal histopathology (60%) seen.

Results
Of all patients who were able to get adequate treatment in the form of plasmapheresis (56%) and immunosuppression (100%), only one (4%) patient recovered.

Conclusion
The majority of our patients with anti-GBM presented late in their clinical course of the disease, with advanced renal failure and irreversible lesion on kidney biopsy. High index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and aggressive management may improve the outcome of these patients.
Investigation of the repair method alternatives for porous pet structures
Authors: Puhurcuoglu Nihal , Tiric Utku , Karasahin Nur 
Published: February 2021

Wind turbine systems, which are one of the renewable energy sources, convert wind energy into electrical energy, cover the blade components those are produced as sandwich composite materials for the last half century. TPI Composite, a wind turbine blade manufacturer in the renewable energy sector, has an important position in the field.
In the sandwich composite structures, the core material providing the force transfer between the face sheets and plays an important role in increasing the bending stiffness of the sandwich structure. This non-structural material component, which is thicker but lightweight, porous and low density, is used in the wind turbine blade subcomponents.
The main shear web (MSW), which is a subcomponent of the wind turbine composite blade and provides the mechanical strength between the two skins (suction side & pressure side) of the blade, is a composite structure with a parabolic geometric distribution produced by vacuum infusion method. Due to the geometrical shape and placement of various shaped cores of the MSW, there might occur some gaps between the foam cores placed in the MSW during the production due to vacuum. In this study, compression and bending behaviors of the foam core were investigated. Specimens with dimensions of 50x50x30 mm were prepared vacuum infusion method of core structures whose top and bottom skins covered with glass-reinforced epoxy composite face sheets. Then, some specimens were filled with core powder and core strip respectively to represent the repair method. The test specimens were subjected to flatwise compression and three-point bending tests. The performances of different gap filling repair methods were compared, and the changing performance of the damaged core specimens were investigated against specimens without any defect. To evaluate the alternative repair methods that could be applied during the production of MSW, gap filling repair alternatives, repair applicability limits and changing of the mechanical properties compared to virgin specimens were investigated for the sandwich structures with E-glass reinforced/epoxy face sheets and PET foam core.
Dampak Sosial Politik terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi Umat Allah Zaman Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Siahaya Karel 
Published: February 2021

This is a study of the Old Testament about the economic development of the Old Testament Israelites which was influenced by several things such as social politics. The purpose of this discussion is to show the social, potent and even geographical influences on the economic development of the people. By using descriptive methods, the conclusion obtained from this study is, political power will have an impact on the economic development of the people in it. Likewise, with social, there is a development of social structures based on the economy.

Abstrak
Ini adalah sebuah kajian Perjanjian Lama tentang perkembangan ekonomi umat Israel zaman Perjanjian Lama yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal seperti sosial politik. Tujuan pembahasan ini adalah untuk menunjukkan pengaruh sosial, potik, bahkan geografi terhadap perkembangna ekonomi umat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah, kekuasaan politik akan memberikan dampak bagi perkembangan ekonomi umat di dalamnya. Demikian juga dengan sosial, terjadi perkembangan struktur sosial berdasarkan ekonomi.
“Bahasa Tanah” sebagai Sarana Pemberitaan Injil Jemaat GPM Immanuel Kilang, Ambon
Authors: Elias Thomson F. E. , Wattimury Wiesye A. 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to see how the role of the church in relation to cultural symbols, specifically the native language (land), of an area, to serve as a means of contextual theology. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, which is conducted in an interview method with key respondents. The church in its ministry must be able to understand that the cultural richness of a place is a means of preaching the gospel. It is in this process that the language of the land must be used as a means of preaching the Gospel in order to create a contextual theology.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran gereja dalam hubungan-nya dengan simbol-simbol kebudayaan, secara khusus bahasa asli (tanah), suatu daerah, untuk dijadikan sebagai sarana teologi kontekstual. Penelitian ini, menggunakan penelitian kualitatif desriptif, di mana dilakukan dalam metode wawancara, terhadap responden kun-ci. Gereja dalam pelayanannya harus mampu memahami bahwa kekayaan budaya suatu tempat, merupakan sarana untuk memberitakan Injil. Dalam proses inilah maka bahasa ta-nah haruslah dipakai sebagai sarana pemberitaan Injil untuk terciptanya teologi yang kontekstual.
Análisis de las interacciones sociales y humano-computadora durante el diseño colaborativo de videos interactivos
Authors: Martínez Herrera Juan Antonio , Avila Garcia Maria Susana , Bianchetti Marco 
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo muestra un análisis cualitativo de las interacciones sociales y humano-computadora de un grupo de estudiantes que han presentado conflictos sociales al momento de resolver actividades en grupo relacionadas con la creación de videos interactivos. Este grupo se caracteriza por la diferencia de edad de sus miembros y el nivel de conocimiento en cuanto al manejo de tecnologías de información. Las situaciones de conflicto comúnmente suelen presentarse cuando los miembros del equipo, con poco nivel de conocimiento en el área de tecnologías de información, trabajan con aquellos que poseen un mayor nivel. Dado que los estudiantes trabajan en sus computadoras portátiles, existe un sentido de pertenencia del dispositivo y del área de trabajo al momento de realizar las tareas. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar los cambios en las interacciones sociales y humano-computadora de los estudiantes al momento en que resuelven actividades colaborativas en una pantalla multitáctil en relación con una computadora portátil. Este trabajo se enfoca en aspectos de sentido de pertenencia del espacio de trabajo, la interacción con cada uno de los elementos de la aplicación, así como en el intercambio de ideas y conocimiento.