bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity
Authors: Wilfahrt Peter A. , Asmus Ashley L. , Seabloom Eric W. , Henning Jeremiah A. , Adler Peter , Arnillas Carlos A. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Biederman Lori , Brudvig Lars A. , Cadotte Marc , Daleo Pedro , Eskelinen Anu , Firn Jennifer , Harpole W. Stanley , Hautier Yann , Kirkman Kevin P. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laungani Ramesh , MacDougall Andrew , McCulley Rebecca L. , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Mortensen Brent , Ochoa Hueso Raul , Ohlert Timothy , Power Sally A. , Price Jodi , Risch Anita C. , Schuetz Martin , Shoemaker Lauren , Stevens Carly , Strauss Alexander T. , Tognetti Pedro M. , Virtanen Risto , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpatial rarity is often used to predict extinction risk, but rarity can also occur temporally. Perhaps more relevant in the context of global change is whether a species is core to a community (persistent) or transient (intermittently present), with transient species often susceptible to human activities that reduce niche space. Using 5–12 yr of data on 1,447 plant species from 49 grasslands on five continents, we show that local abundance and species persistence under ambient conditions are both effective predictors of local extinction risk following experimental exclusion of grazers or addition of nutrients; persistence was a more powerful predictor than local abundance. While perturbations increased the risk of exclusion for low persistence and abundance species, transient but abundant species were also highly likely to be excluded from a perturbed plot relative to ambient conditions. Moreover, low persistence and low abundance species that were not excluded from perturbed plots tended to have a modest increase in abundance following perturbance. Last, even core species with high abundances had large decreases in persistence and increased losses in perturbed plots, threatening the long‐term stability of these grasslands. Our results demonstrate that expanding the concept of rarity to include temporal dynamics, in addition to local abundance, more effectively predicts extinction risk in response to environmental change than either rarity axis predicts alone.
Impact on clinical outcomes of right ventricular response to percutaneous correction of secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Caiffa Thomas , De Luca Antonio , Biagini Elena , Lupi Laura , Bedogni Francesco , Castrichini Matteo , Compagnone Miriam , Tusa Maurizio , Berardini Alessandra , Merlo Marco , Fabris Enrico , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Tomasoni Daniela , Di Pasquale Mattia , Arosio Roberto , Perkan Andrea , Barbati Giulia , Saia Francesco , Adamo Marianna , Stolfo Davide , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsIn patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR), impaired right ventricular function (RVF) may negatively influence the prognosis. Percutaneous mitral valve repair (pMVR) can promote the recovery of RVF. We sought to characterize the response of the right ventricle to pMVR in HFrEF with SMR and to assess the association between improved RVF after pMVR and outcomes.Methods and resultsOverall, 221 patients with HFrEF and SMR ≥3+ successfully treated with pMVR in four tertiary care centres for heart failure were included. Improved RVF was defined as Δ right ventricular fractional area change (ΔRVFAC) ≥5% at early follow‐up (median time 4 months). The primary endpoint was a composite of death/heart transplantation (D/HT). Mean age was 69 ± 11 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 31 ± 8% and mean RVFAC was 34 ± 9%. ΔRVFAC ≥5% occurred in 88 patients (40%) and was independent of the measures of left ventricular reverse remodelling. During a median follow‐up of 29 months (interquartile range 12–46), 81 patients (37%) reached the primary endpoint. After adjustment for other significant covariates, ΔRVFAC ≥5% was significantly associated with lower risk of D/HT (hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.94, P = 0.030). In the secondary outcome analysis exploring the risk of heart failure hospitalizations, ΔRVFAC ≥5% confirmed the prognostic association with the endpoint.ConclusionsIn patients with HFrEF and SMR, about 40% of patients improved RVF after pMVR. RVF improvement was associated with better long‐term survival free from HT and lower risk of heart failure hospitalization.
Reduced Amino Acid Schiff Base‐Iron(III) Complexes Catalyzing Oxidation of Cyclohexane with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zheng Anna , Zhou Qingqing , Ding Bingjie , Li Difan , Zhang Tong , Hou Zhenshan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe reduced amino acid Schiff base ligands have been prepared and were coordinated with ferric chloride to generate the iron(III) complexes. The ligands and complexes have been characterized using FT‐IR, UV‐vis, elemental analysis, ICP‐AES analysis, mass spectra etc. After the structural characterization, these complexes were applied for the oxidation of cyclohexane using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under mild conditions. The activity tests showed that the L‐phenylalanine‐derived reduced Schiff base iron(III) complex(Ph−FeCl) afforded the highest yield of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone(total yield up to 23.2 %). Notably, the Ph−FeCl complex catalyzes the reaction via a heterogeneous approach, allowing the complex to be separated and recycled conveniently after the oxidation reaction. Besides, the Ph−FeCl catalyst can also be extended for the selective oxidation of other alkanes and aromatics into alcohols, ketones and phenols etc. Finally, the reaction mechanism of cyclohexane oxidation on the iron(III) complex was proposed as well by the free radical inhibitors and EPR study of active intermediates.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐ and N‐Alkenylhydrazides through C(sp2)−N Bond Construction
Authors: Lei Jian , Xie Wenqian , Li Jing , Wu Ya , Xie Xiaolan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN‐Aryl‐ and N‐alkenylhydrazides, which include a C(sp2)‐N−N motif, have attracted considerable attention not only in biologically active molecules but also because of their extensive technical applications in organic synthesis. C(sp2)−N bond construction protocols using an N‐acylhydrazine or azocarboxylic ester as the hydrazide source provide a powerful route to these compounds. These protocols exhibit different selectivity manner for the C(sp2) moiety and the regioselectivity issue of the N−N bond. This Minireview documents the available methods that have been developed based on different starting materials. The features and drawbacks of each subdivisional methodology are demonstrated.
Exploring Reusability of Disposable Face Masks: Effects of Disinfection Methods on Filtration Efficiency, Breathability, and Fluid Resistance
Authors: Teo Jye Yng , Kng Jessica , Periaswamy Balamurugan , Liu Songlin , Lim Poh‐Chong , Lee Chen Ee , Tan Ban Hock , Loh Xian Jun , Ni Xiping , Tiang Daniel , Yi Guangshun , Ong Yee Yian , Ling Moi Lin , Wan Wei Yee , Wong Hei Man , How Molly , Xin Xiaohui , Zhang Yugen , Yang Yi Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo curb the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, the use of face masks such as disposable surgical masks and N95 respirators is being encouraged and even enforced in some countries. The widespread use of masks has resulted in global shortages and individuals are reusing them. This calls for proper disinfection of the masks while retaining their protective capability. In this study, the killing efficiency of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation, dry heat, and steam sterilization against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Candida albicans), and nonpathogenic virus (Salmonella virus P22) is investigated. UV‐C irradiation for 10 min in a commercial UV sterilizer effectively disinfects surgical masks. N95 respirators require dry heat at 100 °C for hours while steam treatment works within 5 min. To address the question on safe reuse of the disinfected masks, their bacteria filtration efficiency, particle filtration efficiency, breathability, and fluid resistance are assessed. These performance factors are unaffected after 5 cycles of steam (10 min per cycle) and 10 cycles of dry heat at 100 °C (40 min per cycle) for N95 respirators, and 10 cycles of UV‐C irradiation for surgical masks (10 min per side per cycle). These findings provide insights into formulating the standard procedures for reusing masks without compromising their protective ability.
Effects of virtual reality cognitive training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhong Dongmei , Chen Liangying , Feng Yongshen , Song Rui , Huang Likui , Liu Jun , Zhang Lifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is used to improve specific health needs by combining multiple technologies; it is increasingly being used in the medical field, showing satisfactory effects, especially in the management of chronic disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of VR cognitive training for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPeer‐reviewed articles were searched from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCOhost databases, as well as CNKI, Sinomed, Vip. and Wan Fang, through 23 May 2021. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling participants with MCI.ResultsSeventeen RCTs were included, with a total of 744 participants. Evidence of moderate quality showed that VR cognitive training significantly enhanced MCI patients' global cognitive function, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04–0.79; p = 0.03) and executive function, as measured by trail making test A (SMD = −0.58; 95% CI, −0.80 to −0.35; p < 0.001). The meta‐analysis indicated that the effects of VR cognitive training on delayed memory, immediate memory, attention and instrumental activities of daily living were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe available data showed that VR cognitive training might be beneficial for improving global cognitive function and executive function in individuals with MCI, although the effects were short term.
Resurgence of tuberculosis amid COVID‐19 in Peru: Associated risk factors and recommendations
Authors: Khan Fatima Muhammad Asad , Kazmi Zohra , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , dos Santos Costa Ana Carla , Ahmad Shoaib , Essar Mohammad Yasir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeru is one of the countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis and multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis in the world. Although public health measures adopted in the country have improved the care, diagnosis and management of patients with tuberculosis, there are still failures in the control of the disease in the country, especially of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis and among the prison population or people living with HIV. The COVID‐19 pandemic has added a great burden to the Peruvian public health system, negatively impacting tuberculosis‐focused health programs due to the diversion of resources to control the pandemic. Consequently, combat measures, epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis cases were affected, and data point to an increase in the number of cases, especially of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, and to the underdiagnosis of the disease. To deal with this problem and avoid a future catastrophe for the country's health system, multidisciplinary measures involving the population, health professionals and government bodies are needed. It is essential that education, diagnosis, contact screening and treatment programs are prioritised and given greater financial support. Furthermore, it is necessary to raise awareness in the population about the need for isolation and maintenance of treatment, especially among the most vulnerable populations.
A phase I study of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Fountzilas Christos , Adjei Alex , Opyrchal Mateusz , Evans Rachel , Ghasemi Mohammad , Attwood Kristopher , Groman Adrienne , Bshara Wiam , Goey Andrew , Wilton John , Ma Wen Wee , Iyer Renuka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this phase I, dose‐escalation study, we sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/c‐ROS oncogene 1 receptor (ALK/ROS1) inhibitor ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives were characterization of the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of these combinations, and identification of potential biomarkers of efficacy. Ceritinib was combined with gemcitabine (Arm 1), gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (Arm 2) or gemcitabine/cisplatin (Arm 3). Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC‐MS/MS). We analyzed archival tumor tissue for ALK, ROS1, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c‐MET) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) expression by immunohistochemistry. Arm 2 closed early secondary to toxicity. Twenty‐one patients were evaluable for dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). There was one DLT in Arm 1 (grade 3 ALT increase) and three DLTs in Arm 3 (grade 3 acute renal failure, grade 3 thrombocytopenia, grade 3 dyspnea). The MTD of ceritinib was determined to be 600 mg (Arm 1) and 450 mg orally daily (Arm 3). Main toxicities were hematologic, constitutional and gastrointestinal as expected by the chemotherapy backbone. The apparent clearance for ceritinib decreased substantially after repeated dosing; cisplatin did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of ceritinib. The overall response rate was 20%; the median progression‐free survival was 4.8 months. Three out of five response‐evaluable cholangiocarcinoma patients had clinical benefit. Increased expression of c‐MET was associated with a lack of clinical benefit. Ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin has a manageable toxicity profile. Further development of this strategy in tumors with ALK or ROS1 fusions is warranted.
Transitory and permanent shocks in the global market for crude oil
Authors: Rebei Nooman , Sbia Rashid 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper documents the determinants of real oil price in the global market based on an empirical model embedding transitory and permanent shocks. We find evidence of significant differences in the propagation mechanisms of transitory versus permanent disturbances, pointing to the importance of disentangling their distinct effects. Permanent supply shocks are found to be very influential in driving oil price fluctuations.
Information gains from using short‐dated options for measuring and forecasting volatility
Authors: Todorov Viktor , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe study the gains from using short‐dated options for volatility measurement and forecasting. Using option portfolios, we estimate nonparametrically spot volatility under weak assumptions for the underlying asset. This volatility estimator complements existing ones constructed from high‐frequency returns. We show empirically, using the market index and Dow 30 stocks, that combining optimally return and option data can lead to nontrivial gains for volatility forecasting. These gains are due to “diversification” of the measurement error in the two volatility proxies. The information content of short‐dated options, not spanned by the current spot volatility, is of limited relevance for volatility forecasting.
Exploring the moderating role of gender in the relation between emotional expressivity and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity among Black trauma‐exposed college students at a historically Black university
Authors: Suazo Nazaret C. , Reyes Miranda E. , Contractor Ateka A. , Thomas Emmanuel D. , Weiss Nicole H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized in part by negative alterations of cognition or mood, including alterations in emotional expressivity, or the extent to which one outwardly displays emotions. Yet, research in this area has relied on predominantly white samples and neglected to consider the potential role of gender, despite there being demonstrated gender differences in both PTSD symptom severity and emotional expressivity, separately. The goal of the current study was to fill a critical gap in the literature by examining the moderating role of gender in the relation between PTSD symptom severity and emotional expressivity in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black adults.MethodsParticipants were 207 Black individuals enrolled in a historically Black university in the Southern United States (68.6% female; Mage = 22.32 years).ResultsFindings provided support for the moderating role of gender in the association between PTSD symptom severity and emotional expressivity. Specifically, greater PTSD symptom severity was inversely related to emotional expressivity among trauma‐exposed Black males and positively associated with emotional expressivity among trauma‐exposed Black females.DiscussionThese results suggest the potential need for gender‐specific assessment and treatment techniques for PTSD symptom severity among trauma‐exposed Black college students.
Level of anxiety in clinical settings and coping mechanisms used by dental undergraduate students to overcome it
Authors: Malghani Palwasha G. , Abbasi Laila S. , Majeed Sareen , Saleem Tayyaba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDental undergraduate students encounter anxiety in their professional years of study, the impact of which is reflected on their overall performance. Various coping techniques are advocated that help individuals to deal effectively with the adverse effects of anxiety.Objective/aimsThe objectives of this study were to determine the level of anxiety encountered by dental undergraduate students during clinical rotations, the clinical procedures precipitating it and the number of different coping strategies (problem solving, social seeking support, and avoidance) used by students for anxiety management.MethodsA descriptive, questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted on the third and fourth‐year undergraduate dental students from six colleges of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A total of 353 students were included in the study, and their participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. The administered questionnaire consisted of three parts: Part 1: Moss and McManus Scale (MMM) for anxiety‐provoking situations; part 2: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) for the level of anxiety, and Part 3: Coping Strategy Indicator Scale (CSI scale) to determine the frequency of coping strategies used by students. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.ResultsA majority of participants (96.3%) felt mild to moderate levels of anxiety in the clinical settings. Students felt more anxious about getting infected by the patient (62%), extracting the wrong tooth (46.5%), and getting a wrong diagnosis (43.1%). A significant number of participants (47%) used problem‐solving mechanisms to overcome their anxiety.ConclusionMild to moderate levels of clinical anxiety prevailed in most dental undergraduate students. The top clinical situations precipitating anxiety were getting infected by patients and extracting the wrong tooth. Measures should be taken to encourage a vigorous, confidence‐enhancing environment for students. This will reduce their levels of clinical anxiety along with training and foster healthy coping strategies to deal with unavoidable anxiety.
Decreased levels of immune-regulatory cytokines in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and long-lasting overexpression of these cytokines in the splenectomized patients
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Li Feng , Li Yang , Sun Lihua , Meng Yahong , Fan Xiaohong , Wang Xuelian , Wu Duojiao , Cheng Yunfeng , Hua Fanli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated disease characterized by decreased platelet counts. Cytokines play important roles in modulating the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. This study aimed at exploring the serum levels of a core set of cytokines that exert immune-regulatory functions in newly diagnosed ITP patients (both before and after treatment) and splenectomized ITP patients. Using the Bio-Plex suspension array system and ELISA, the serum levels of IL-10, IL-21, IL-27, IL-33, IL-35, IL-37, and TGF-β1 were detected. The data showed that the serum levels of the immune regulatory cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in newly diagnosed ITP patients. Decreased cytokine levels could be improved in patients with a complete response or a response after steroid-based treatment(s). The serum concentrations of TGF-β1 were positively correlated with the platelet counts both before and after treatment. All the detected immune-regulatory cytokines, except IL-37, showed significantly higher levels in splenectomized ITP patients than pretreatment ITP patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, these data suggest that lower levels of immune-regulatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP and that there is a long-lasting overexpression of immune-regulatory cytokines in ITP patients with splenectomy.
Identification of biomarkers on kidney failure by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gulyamov Shokhid , Shamshiddinova Maftuna , Bae Woo‐Hyun , Park Yun Cheol , Kim Hyo Jin , Cho Won‐Bo , Lee Yong‐Moon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. Our study employed Raman spectroscopy for the first time to analyze potential biomarker such as tryptophan (Trp) on kidney failure and show the difference between normal and CKD groups. Adenine model of CKD characterized most of the physiological changes observed in human CKD. For that, 6‐week‐old Wistar male rats were assigned to the two groups: the control group, 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was administered; the CKD group, adenine was administered to rats at a dose 600 mg/kg for 10 days. The Raman spectra were obtained in the spectral range of 100–2500 cm−1. The excitation source was 532 nm, the laser power was ~40 mW, and the analyzed tissue area was 10.02 × 82.12 μm2. The results showed a significant reduction in the case of Raman peak intensities at 748, 1359, 1554, and 1636 cm−1, which can be assigned as Trp. Moreover, it was shown that tyrosine at 1169 cm−1 and phenylalanine at 1001 cm−1 decreased in the CKD group. Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) levels in kidney tissue and plasma were analyzed by using the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Trp concentrations in plasma and kidney tissue significantly decreased in CKD 7.4 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/mg, respectively. However, Kyn level was not a statistically significant change in kidney tissue. In this work, we showed that Raman spectroscopy usage in CKD model and Raman spectroscopy can be considered a promising technique for semi‐quantitative analysis of potential biomarkers such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and Trp of renal function because of the little or no need for sample preparation, and it is easily observing several biomarkers at the same time. The utilization of multivariate analysis method, such as partial least square analysis can be considered as a promising tool for the discrimination of control and CKD groups.