bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervasive systemic drivers underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in migrants
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsylum seekers, refugees and undocumented foreign nationals have always been identified as a vulnerable population owing to the longstanding structural barriers and inequalities that they continually face. Their vulnerabilities have become more conspicuous and exacerbated since the advent of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The plights of these migrants around the world, in the COVID-19 era, are therefore underpinned by not-so-new but enforced, re-emerging and adapting pre-existing systemic inequality drivers. Long-standing and pre-existing systemic drivers such as nationalism and anti-migrant or xenophobic stigma, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, have metamorphosed into COVID-19 nationalism and COVID-19–related xenophobic stigma respectively, fomenting discriminatory and segregation-laden policies and programmes. Transformative changes of asylum policies taking holistic and systematic perspectives while fostering the involvement of migrants in government planning and policy processes to redesign better policies are required to tackle the pervasive systemic drivers that underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in the identified migrant groups.
Endometrial thickness following early miscarriage in IVF patients – is there a preferred management approach?
Authors: Karavani Gilad , Alexandroni Heli , Sheinin Daniel , Dior Uri P. , Simon Alex , Ben-Meir Assaf , Reubinoff Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Endometrial thickness (ET) has previously been shown to positively correlate with implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. Pregnancies achieved using in-vitro fertilization (IVF) technique are prone to higher rates of early miscarriage. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of expectant management, medical treatment (Misoprostol) and dilation and curettage (D&C) for early miscarriage following IVF cycles on the subsequent cycle outcomes - endometrial thickness and reproductive outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of women who underwent embryo transfer, conceived and had first trimester miscarriage with at least one subsequent embryo transfer. ET measurements during fresh or frozen-thawed IVF cycles were assessed for each patient. Comparisons of ET differences between the miscarriage and the subsequent cycles, as well as reproductive outcomes, were performed according to the initial miscarriage management approach.

Results
A total of 223 women were included in the study. Seventy-eight women were managed conservatively, 61 were treated with Misoprostol and 84 women underwent D&C. Management by D&C, compared to conservative management and Misoprostol treatment was associated with higher prevalence of a significant (> 2 mm) ET decrease (29.8%% vs. 14.1and 6.6%, respectively; p < .001) and was the only approach associated with a significant increase in the rates of ET under 7 and 8 mm in the following cycle (p = 0.006 and 0.035; respectively).
Clinical pregnancy rates were significantly lower following D&C compared with conservative management and Misoprostol (16.7% vs. 38.5 and 27.9%, respectively; p = 0.008) as well as implantation rate (11.1% vs. 30.5.% and 17.7, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that D&C management of a miscarriage is associated with decreased ET and higher rates of thin endometrium in the subsequent IVF cycle, compared with conservative management and Misoprostol treatment. In addition, implantation and pregnancy rates were significantly lower after D&C.
Investigating resistin like beta (RETNLB) as a tumor promoter for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hong , Miao Hui , Nie Yuan-Wen , Lin Yang-Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral cavity cancer ranks the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type. This study aimed to investigate the function and the underlying mechanism of resistin like beta (RETNLB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
The data of oral squamous cell carcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to examine RETNLB expression and assess its correlation with the clinical outcomes. Biological functions of RETNLB on the growth, invasion and migration of cells were determined by cell counting kit 8, clonogenic growth, and Transwell assays. Gene set enrichment analysis was utilized to identify the important gene sets associated with RETNLB expression, which was further confirmed by western blot.

Results
We found that RETNLB was upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells. High expression of RETNLB was closely linked to age and pathological tumor, and significantly related to poor survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Further functional experiments showed that knockdown of RETNLB significantly reduced the viability, mobility and invasiveness of cells. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly correlated with high RETNLB expression. Further western blot analysis verified that silencing RETNLB could notably suppress the protein levels of Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4 and phosphor- extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Conclusions
These results suggested that downregulation of RETNLB may restrain the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inactivating TLR/2/4/ERK pathway.
Protocol: analytical methods for visualizing the indolic precursor network leading to auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Tillmann Molly , Tang Qian , Cohen Jerry D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in regulation of plant growth and response to environmental stimuli. Multiple pathways have been proposed for biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the primary auxin in a number of plant species. However, utilization of these different pathways under various environmental conditions and developmental time points remains largely unknown.

Results
Monitoring incorporation of stable isotopes from labeled precursors into proposed intermediates provides a method to trace pathway utilization and characterize new biosynthetic routes to auxin. These techniques can be aided by addition of chemical inhibitors to target specific steps or entire pathways of auxin synthesis.

Conclusions
Here we describe techniques for pathway analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using multiple stable isotope-labeled precursors and chemical inhibitors coupled with highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods. These methods should prove to be useful to researchers studying routes of IAA biosynthesis in vivo in a variety of plant tissues.
Metric learning for image-based flower cultivars identification
Authors: Zhang Ruisong , Tian Ye , Zhang Junmei , Dai Silan , Hou Xiaogai , Wang Jue , Guo Qi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The study of plant phenotype by deep learning has received increased interest in recent years, which impressive progress has been made in the fields of plant breeding. Deep learning extremely relies on a large amount of training data to extract and recognize target features in the field of plant phenotype classification and recognition tasks. However, for some flower cultivars identification tasks with a huge number of cultivars, it is difficult for traditional deep learning methods to achieve better recognition results with limited sample data. Thus, a method based on metric learning for flower cultivars identification is proposed to solve this problem.

Results
We added center loss to the classification network to make inter-class samples disperse and intra-class samples compact, the script of ResNet18, ResNet50, and DenseNet121 were used for feature extraction. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a public dataset Oxford 102 Flowers dataset and two novel datasets constructed by us are chosen. For the method of joint supervision of center loss and L2-softmax loss, the test accuracy rate is 91.88%, 97.34%, and 99.82% across three datasets, respectively. Feature distribution observed by T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (T-SNE) verifies the effectiveness of the method presented above.

Conclusions
An efficient metric learning method has been described for flower cultivars identification task, which not only provides high recognition rates but also makes the feature extracted from the recognition network interpretable. This study demonstrated that the proposed method provides new ideas for the application of a small amount of data in the field of identification, and has important reference significance for the flower cultivars identification research.
Using the biopsychosocial model for identifying subgroups of detained juveniles at different risk of re-offending in practice: a latent class regression analysis approach
Authors: de Ruigh E. L. , Bouwmeester S. , Popma A. , Vermeiren R. R. J. M. , van Domburgh L. , Jansen L. M. C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Juvenile delinquents constitute a heterogeneous group, which complicates decision-making based on risk assessment. Various psychosocial factors have been used to define clinically relevant subgroups of juvenile offenders, while neurobiological variables have not yet been integrated in this context. Moreover, translation of neurobiological group differences to individual risk assessment has proven difficult. We aimed to identify clinically relevant subgroups associated with differential youth offending outcomes, based on psychosocial and neurobiological characteristics, and to test whether the resulting model can be used for risk assessment of individual cases.

Methods
A group of 223 detained juveniles from juvenile justice institutions was studied. Latent class regression analysis was used to detect subgroups associated with differential offending outcome (recidivism at 12 month follow-up). As a proof of principle, it was tested in a separate group of 76 participants whether individual cases could be assigned to the identified subgroups, using a prototype ‘tool’ for calculating class membership.

Results
Three subgroups were identified: a ‘high risk—externalizing’ subgroup, a ‘medium risk—adverse environment’ subgroup, and a ‘low risk—psychopathic traits’ subgroup. Within these subgroups, both autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrinological measures added differentially to the prediction of subtypes of reoffending (no, non-violent, violent). The ‘tool’ for calculating class membership correctly assigned 92.1% of participants to a class and reoffending risk.

Conclusions
The LCRA approach appears to be a useful approach to integrate neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors to identify subgroups with different re-offending risk within juvenile justice institutions. This approach may be useful in the development of a biopsychosocial assessment tool and may eventually help clinicians to assign individuals to those subgroups and subsequently tailor intervention based on their re-offending risk.
SUMMER Trial: mesh versus suture repair in small umbilical hernias in adults—a study protocol for a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Melkemichel M. , Bringman S. , Granåsen G. , Widhe B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Small umbilical hernia repair is one of the most common surgical performances in general surgery. Yet, a gold standard procedure for the repair is still lacking today. There is an increasing evidence that mesh could be advantageous compared to suture repair in lowering recurrence rates. An additional important question remains with regard to the optimal anatomical positioning of the mesh. We hypothesize that the use of an onlay mesh in small umbilical hernia defects can reduce recurrence rates without increasing the complications compared to a simple suture repair.

Methods
A prospective, national, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing a standardized 4 × 4 cm onlay mesh to a conventional suture repair will be conducted. A total of 288 patients with a primary elective umbilical hernia ≤ 2 cm from 7 participating Swedish surgical centers will be enrolled. Intraoperative randomization will take place using a centralized web-based system resulting in total allocation concealment. Stratification will be done by surgical site and by defect size. Trial participants and follow-up clinical surgeons will be blinded to the assigned allocation. The primary outcome assessed will be postoperative recurrence at 1 and 3 years. Secondary outcomes assessed will be postoperative complications at 30 days and pain 1 year after surgery.

Discussion
Currently, there has been no randomized clinical trial comparing the recurrence rates between an onlay mesh repair and a simple suture repair for small umbilical hernia defects. How to best repair a small umbilical hernia continues to be debated. This trial design should allow for a good assessment of the differences in recurrence rate due to the large sample size and the adequate follow-up. Surgeons’ concerns surrounding optimal anatomical positioning and fear for larger required dissections are understandable. A small onlay mesh may become an easy and safe method of choice to reduce recurrence rates. Guidelines for small umbilical hernia repairs have stressed the need for reliable data to improve treatment recommendations. We can expect that this trial will have a direct implication on small umbilical hernia repair standards.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04231071. Registered on 31 January 2020. SUMMER Trial underwent external peer review as part of the funding process.
Acaricidal activity of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) against the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is linked to its content of (E)-cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Nwanade Chuks F. , Wang Min , Wang Tianhong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Can , Yu Zhijun , Liu Jingze 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Neumann) is a well-known vector of numerous pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Various control strategies, including the use of synthetic pesticides, have been developed to control this tick species. However, demand for effective and safe alternative pesticides is increasing due to the adverse effects associated with the intensive and injudicious use of synthetic pesticides, which include undesirable effects on non-target species and environmental pollution. Hence, the acaricidal activity of the extract and the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) and their major components, and the underlying mechanisms of this activity, were evaluated against unfed larvae and nymphs of H. longicornis.

Methods
The components of the extract and essential oil of C. cassia were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their larvicidal and nymphicidal activity were evaluated using the larval and nymphal packet test. The underlying detoxification mechanism was elucidated by targeting in vivo esterase and monooxygenase activity, and the toxicological effect was assessed on non-target Tenebrio molitor and Harmonia axyridis by topical application in open Petri dishes.

Results
(E)-cinnamaldehyde was the predominant component of the extract (50.79%) and essential oil (89.95%). The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for larvae and nymphs treated with the extract was 11.56 and 49.18 mg/mL, respectively. The essential oil, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and fenvalerate exhibited acaricidal activity, with LC50 values of 3.81, 3.15, and 0.14 mg/mL, respectively, against the larvae, and 21.31, 16.93, and 1.89 mg/mL, respectively, against the nymphs. (E)-cinnamaldehyde significantly increased esterase and monooxygenase activity in both larvae and nymphs. Unlike fenvalerate, C. cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde did not cause mortality of T. molitor or H. axyridis adults.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that C. cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde have the potential to be developed into botanical-based larvicidal and nymphicidal agents for tick control.

Graphical abstract
Application of dry powders of six plant species, as soil amendments, for controlling Fusarium solani and Meloidogyne incognita on pea in pots
Authors: Abd-El-Khair Hassan , El-Nagdi Wafaa M. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundApplication of organic amendments could improve soil properties as well as controlling of soil-borne pathogens. Soil amendments with dry powders of six plant species materials,i.e. caraway seeds, fennel seeds, garlic gloves, onion bulbs, pomegranate peel and spearmint leaves were separately applied for controllingFusarium solaniandMeloidogyne incognitaon pea plants in pots. The control is untreated check pots forFusarium solaniandMeloidogyne incognita.ResultsThe dry powder of pomegranate peel (as the rate of 10 g/1 kg soil)highly reduced theFusarium- disease assessments (pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off and root-rot diseases incidence), followed by spearmint leaves, caraway seeds, fennel seeds, garlic gloves and onion bulbs, respectively. The tested dry powder of plant species showed the nematicidal activity onM. incognitacriteria, i.e. second juvenile (J2) in soil and roots as well as galls and egg-masses in roots of pea. The spearmint leaves, onion bulbs and fennel seeds highly reduced the J2in soil and roots as well as galls and egg-masses. The pea plant growth parametersi.e.length of shoot, fresh & dry weights of shoot and fresh weight of roots, yield parameters,i.e.fresh and dry weight of pea pod and pod parameters as well asRhizobiumnodules number were increased in pea plants with reducing infestation withF. solaniandM. incognita.ConclusionsSoil amendments with dry powders of six plant species materials were used in this study reducedF. solaniandM. incognitaand improved pea plants
Protective Role of DHEAS in Age-related Changes in Bone Mass and Fracture Risk
Authors: Yokomoto-Umakoshi Maki , Umakoshi Hironobu , Iwahashi Norifusa , Matsuda Yayoi , Kaneko Hiroki , Ogata Masatoshi , Fukumoto Tazuru , Terada Eriko , Nakano Yui , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) from the adrenal cortex substantially decreases with age, which may accelerate osteoporosis. However, the association of DHEAS with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is inconclusive. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the role of DHEAS in age-related changes in BMD and fracture risk.

Methods
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum DHEAS concentrations were used as instrumental variables (4 SNPs for main analysis; 4 SNPs for men and 5 SNPs for women in sex-related analysis). Summary statistics were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies.

Results
A log-transformed unit (µmol/L) increase in serum DHEAS concentrations was associated with an SD increase in estimated BMD at the heel (estimate, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.081-0.158; P = 9 × 10−10), and decreased fracture (odds ratio, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.981-0.996; P = 0.005), consistent with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–derived BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Their associations remained even after adjusting for height, body mass index, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The association of DHEAS with fracture remained after adjusting for falls, grip strength, and physical activity but was attenuated after adjusting for BMD. The MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis showed BMD was the top mediating factor for association of DHEAS with fracture. The association between DHEAS and BMD was observed in men but not in women.

Conclusion
DHEAS was associated with increased BMD and decreased fracture. DHEAS may play a protective role in decreasing fracture risk, mainly by increasing bone mass.
High-throughput Molecular Analysis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1b Patients Reveals Novel Genetic and Epigenetic Defects
Authors: Danzig Jennifer , Li Dong , Jan de Beur Suzanne , Levine Michael A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContextPatients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b) show disordered imprinting of the maternal GNAS allele or paternal uniparental disomy (UPD). Genetic deletions in STX16 or in upstream exons of GNAS are present in many familial but not sporadic cases.ObjectiveCharacterization of epigenetic and genetic defects in patients with PHP1b.Design and PatientsDNA from 84 subjects, including 26 subjects with sporadic PHP1b, 27 affected subjects and 17 unaffected and/or obligate gene carriers from 12 PHP1b families, 11 healthy individuals, and 3 subjects with PHP1a was subjected to quantitative pyrosequencing of GNAS differentially methylated regions (DMRs), microarray analysis, and microsatellite haplotype analysis.SettingAcademic medical center.Main Outcome MeasurementsMolecular pathology of PHP1b.ResultsHealthy subjects, unaffected family members and obligate carriers of paternal PHP1b alleles, and subjects with PHP1a showed normal methylation of all DMRs. All PHP1b subjects showed loss of methylation (LOM) at the exon A/B DMR. Affected members of 9 PHP1b kindreds showed LOM only at the exon A/B DMR, which was associated with a 3-kb deletion of STX16 exons 4 through 6 in 7 families and a novel deletion of STX16 and adjacent NEPEPL1 in 1 family. A novel NESP deletion was found in 1 of 2 other families with more extensive methylation defects. One sporadic PHP1b had UPD of 20q, 2 had 3-kb STX16 deletions, and 5 had apparent epigenetic mosaicism.ConclusionsWe found diverse patterns of defective methylation and identified novel or previously known mutations in 9 of 12 PHP1b families.
Der äussere St. Johann-Gottesacker zu Basel
Authors: Lörcher Marianne 
Published: June 2021

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Skelettreste der gehobenen Frauenbestattungen vom St. Johann-Gottesacker in Basel untersucht (Grabungskampagnen 1988/89). Zur Anwendung kommen die konservativen anthropologischen Methoden zur Alters- und Geschlechtsbestimmung; vorgestellt wird auch eine neue Methode zur Altersbestimmung. Zur Ergänzung oder Korrektur der anthropologischen Diagnose werden Daten aus den historischen Quellen beigezogen. Unter Auswertung aller vorhandenen Quellen soll für das Individuum aus Grab 1324 ein möglicher Lebenslauf rekonstruiert werden.
Die Spitalakten als historische Quellen bedeuten im vorliegenden Fall eine einmalige Gelegenheit, die knöchernen Reste der St. Johann-Bestattungen wirklichkeitsnah zu interpretieren.
Nachlese zu den «Ausgrabungen am Petersberg in Basel»
Authors: Berger Ludwig 
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag möchte zu einer aufwendigeren Neuedition der 1963 erschienenen Monographie zu den Ausgabungen am Petersberg anregen und liefert einige Ansätze dazu. Als Nachtrag werden die seinerzeit verschollenen Glättgläser vorgelegt.
Die grosse Zahl von fünf Reitersporen, die ausführlich vorgestellt werden, lässt den Gedanken aufkommen, dass am Petersberg Ministerialen des bischöflichen Stadtherrn ansässig waren.