bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wegner Estimate for Random Divergence-Type Operators Monotone in the Randomness
Authors: Dicke Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this note, a Wegner estimate for random divergence-type operators that are monotone in the randomness is proven. The proof is based on a recently shown unique continuation estimate for the gradient and the ensuing eigenvalue liftings. The random model which is studied here contains quite general random perturbations, among others, some that have a non-linear dependence on the random parameters.
A graph neural network to model disruption in human-aware robot navigation
Authors: Bachiller P. , Rodriguez-Criado D. , Jorvekar R. R. , Bustos P. , Faria D. R. , Manso L. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutonomous navigation is a key skill for assistive and service robots. To be successful, robots have to minimise the disruption caused to humans while moving. This implies predicting how people will move and complying with social conventions. Avoiding disrupting personal spaces, people’s paths and interactions are examples of these social conventions. This paper leverages Graph Neural Networks to model robot disruption considering the movement of the humans and the robot so that the model built can be used by path planning algorithms. Along with the model, this paper presents an evolution of the dataset SocNav1 (Manso et al 2020) which considers the movement of the robot and the humans, and an updated scenario-to-graph transformation which is tested using different Graph Neural Network blocks. The model trained achieves close-to-human performance in the dataset. In addition to its accuracy, the main advantage of the approach is its scalability in terms of the number of social factors that can be considered in comparison with handcrafted models. The dataset and the model are available in a public repository (https://github.com/gnns4hri/sngnnv2).
Agnosticism as settled indecision
Authors: Wagner Verena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I spell out a descriptive account of agnosticism that captures the intuitive view that a subject enters the mental state of agnosticism via an act or event called suspension. I will argue that agnosticism is a complex mental state, and that the formation of an attitude is the relevant act or event by which a subject commits to indecision regarding some matter. I will suggest a ‘two-component analysis’ that addresses two aspects that jointly account for the settled state of agnosticism: (1) the subject’s de facto indecision and (2) the subject’s commitment to her indecision. Unlike meta-cognitivist or sui generis accounts, I do not take the agnostic’s commitment to indecision as constitutive for her indecision but rather as an evaluation or qualification of the indecision that she already exhibits. Agnosticism, thus, is a settled form of indecision that marks the end of inquiry.
Forest management to increase carbon sequestration in boreal Pinus sylvestris forests
Authors: Jörgensen Karolina , Granath Gustaf , Lindahl Björn D. , Strengbom Joachim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsForest management towards increased carbon (C) sequestration has repeatedly been suggested as a “natural climate solution”. We evaluated the potential of altered management to increase C sequestration in borealPinus sylvestrisforest plantations.MethodsAt 29 forest sites, distributed along a 1300 km latitudinal gradient in Sweden, we studied interactive effects of fertilization and thinning on accumulation of C in standing biomass and the organic horizon over a 40 year period.ResultsAbstention from thinning increased the total C stock by 50% on average. The increase was significant (14% on average) even when C in the removed timber was included in the total ecosystem C pool. Fertilization of thinned stands increased stocks similarly regardless of including (11%) or excluding (12%) removed biomass, and fertilization combined with abstention from thinning had a synergistic effect on C stocks that generated an increase of 79% (35% when removed timber was included in the C stock). A positive effect of fertilization on C stocks was observed along the entire gradient but was greater in relative terms at high latitudes. Fertilization also reduced soil respiration rates.ConclusionTaken together, our results suggest that changed forest management practices have major potential to increase the C sink of boreal forests. Although promising, these benefits should be evaluated against the undesired effects that such management can have on economic revenue, timber quality, biodiversity and delivery of other ecosystem services.
Estimating corporate bankruptcy forecasting models by maximizing discriminatory power
Authors: Charalambous Chris , Martzoukos Spiros H. , Taoushianis Zenon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate coefficients of bankruptcy forecasting models, such as logistic and neural network models, by maximizing their discriminatory power as measured by the Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) curve. A method is introduced and compared with traditional logistic and neural network models, using out-of-sample analysis, in terms of discriminatory power, information content and economic impact while we forecast bankruptcy one year ahead, two years ahead but also financial distress, which is a situation that precedes firm bankruptcy. Using US public firms over the period 1990–2015, in all, we find that training models to maximize AUROC, provides more accurate out-of-sample forecasts relative to training them with traditional methods, such as maximizing the log-likelihood function, highlighting the benefits arising by using models with maximized AUROC. Among all models, however, a neural network trained with our method is the best performing one, even when we compare it with other methods proposed in the literature to maximize AUROC. Finally, our results are more pronounced when we increase the forecasting difficulty, such as forecasting financial distress. The implementation of our method to train bankruptcy models is robust in various settings and therefore well-justified.
Mind the gender gap: the impact of university education on the entrepreneurial entry of female and male STEM graduates
Authors: Piva Evila , Rovelli Paola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWomen are consistently underrepresented among graduate entrepreneurs. This is especially true among the entrepreneurs who graduate in STEM fields. Here, we aim at identifying factors that reduce/enlarge the gender imbalance in entrepreneurship among STEM graduates. In particular, we explore the underinvestigated association between university education in STEM fields and entrepreneurial entry of recent female and male graduates considering graduates’ whole university curriculum. Our analyses on the graduates who obtained a Master of Science degree in the 2005–2009 period from Politecnico di Milano reveal that training in economics and management reduces the gender imbalance in entrepreneurial entry among STEM recent graduates. The gap is instead larger among the graduates who attended courses that aggregate students from different STEM fields or did an internship.
Non-invasive, real time in-situ techniques to determine the ripening stage of banana
Authors: Ringer Tilman , Blanke Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBananas were examined starting from ripening stage R2 (green) to stage R7 (overripe), to identify suitable non-invasive, real time in-situ technologies to separate the ripening stages: (1) Chlorophyll degradation, measured by the DA meter, decreased from ca. 2.1 (R2) to 0.2 IAD units (R7), i.e. tenfold decline. (2) Colour CIE-Lab a values dramatically increased as indication of chlorophyll breakdown and enable differentiation between all ripening stages R2 to R7. Colour angles declined from 98.7° hue (R2), 97.3° hue (R3), 92.7° hue (R4), 89.4° hue (R5); 87.5° hue (R6) until 82.0° hue (R7). (3) Spectroscopy showed two light reflectance troughs at 494 nm and 679 nm. A novel banana ripening index (BRI) was developed and is proposed to identify and distinguish the ripening stages of banana with values starting at 4 at R1 and peaking at 8.1 at ripening stage R7. (4) Peel gloss increased from stage R2 (150 a.u.) to stage R7 (220 a.u.) in the order of ca. 50% followed by a subsequent decrease thereafter. (5) Peel softening declined as fruit firmness dropped from 82 Shore at stage R2 to 42 Shore at stage R7 (overripe), measured also at the centre of the banana fruit. (6) After a constant 90.5% water content per fresh mass (FM) in the banana peel until stage R5, the subsequent drop to 82.9% FM at R7 and 7.6% water translocation viz displacement from the peel to pulp explained this softening. All the above results identified the fruit centre (rather than the tip) as a suitable candidate due to the most advanced ripening and least curved surface region of the fruit with easy access, when a carton is opened and the hands become accessible. This novel approach based on a comparison has shown the DA-meter, colorimeter and spectrometer as suitable candidates for the identification of each ripening stage. The combination of these three devices may be suitable for monitoring of banana ripening rooms in terms of temperature and humidity in addition to the present, colour-based ripening scale.
e-Pharmacophore model-guided design of potential DprE1 inhibitors: synthesis, in vitro antitubercular assay and molecular modelling studies
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Rajappan Revathi , Kini Suvarna G. , Rathi Ekta , Dharmarajan Sriram , Sreedhara Ranganath Pai K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTuberculosis continues to wreak havoc worldwide and caused around 1.4 million deaths in 2019. Hence, in our pursuit of developing novel antitubercular compounds, we are reporting the e-Pharmacophore-based design of DprE1 (decaprenylphosphoryl-ribose 2′-oxidase) inhibitors. In the present work, we have developed a four-feature e-Pharmacophore model based on the receptor–ligand cavity of DprE1 protein (PDB ID 4P8C) and mapped our previous reported library of compounds against it. The compounds were ranked on phase screen score, and the insights obtained from their alignment were used to design some novel compounds. The designed compounds were docked with DprE1 protein in extra-precision mode using Glide module of Maestro, Schrodinger. Some derivatives like B1, B2, B4, B5 and B12 showed comparable docking score (docking score > − 6.0) with respect to the co-crystallized ligand. The designed compounds were synthesized and characterized. In vitro antitubercular activity was carried out on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294) strain using the agar dilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The compound B12 showed a MIC value of 1.56 μg/ml which was better than the standard drug ethambutol (3.125 μg/ml). Compounds B7 and B11 were found to be equipotent with ethambutol. Cytotoxicity studies against Vero cell lines proved that these compounds were non-cytotoxic. Molecular dynamic simulation study also suggests that compound B12 will form a stable complex with DprE1 protein and will show the crucial H-bond interaction with LYS418 residue. Further in vitro enzyme inhibition studies are required to validate these findings.
The Genetic Basis of Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Carrasquilla Germán D. , Christiansen Malene Revsbech , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hypertriglyceridemia is a common dyslipidemia associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Severe hypertriglyceridemia may sometimes be a monogenic condition. However, in the vast majority of patients, hypertriglyceridemia is due to the cumulative effect of multiple genetic risk variants along with lifestyle factors, medications, and disease conditions that elevate triglyceride levels. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in the understanding of the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia.

Recent Findings
More than 300 genetic loci have been identified for association with triglyceride levels in large genome-wide association studies. Studies combining the loci into polygenic scores have demonstrated that some hypertriglyceridemia phenotypes previously attributed to monogenic inheritance have a polygenic basis. The new genetic discoveries have opened avenues for the development of more effective triglyceride-lowering treatments and raised interest towards genetic screening and tailored treatments against hypertriglyceridemia.

Summary
The discovery of multiple genetic loci associated with elevated triglyceride levels has led to improved understanding of the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia and opened new translational opportunities.
Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Jiang Liyuan , Li Chengjun , Li Miao , Yin Xianzhen , Wu Tianding , Duan Chunyue , Cao Yong , Lu Hongbin , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffective methods for visualizing neurovascular morphology are essential for understanding the normal spinal cord and the morphological alterations associated with diseases. However, ideal techniques for simultaneously imaging neurovascular structure in a broad region of a specimen are still lacking. In this study, we combined Golgi staining with angiography and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to visualize the 3D neurovascular network in the mouse spinal cord. Using our method, the 3D neurons, nerve fibers, and vasculature in a broad region could be visualized in the same image at cellular resolution without destructive sectioning. Besides, we found that the 3D morphology of neurons, nerve fiber tracts, and vasculature visualized by SRμCT were highly consistent with that visualized using the histological method. Moreover, the 3D neurovascular structure could be quantitatively evaluated by the combined methodology. The method shown here will be useful in fundamental neuroscience studies.
Debating Sex and Sovereignty: Uganda’s New National Sexuality Education Policy
Authors: Moore Erin V. , Hirsch Jennifer S. , Spindler Esther , Nalugoda Fred , Santelli John S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis article examines recent moral panics over sex education in Uganda from historical perspectives. Public outcry over comprehensive sexuality education erupted in 2016 over claims that children were being taught “homosexuality” by international NGOs. Subsequent debates over sex education revolved around defending what public figures claimed were national, religious, and cultural values from foreign infiltration.MethodsThis paper is grounded in a survey of Uganda’s two English-print national newspapers (2016–2018), archival research of newspapers held at Uganda’sVision Groupmedia company (1985–2005), analyses of public rhetoric as reported in internationally and nationally circulating media, textual analysis of Uganda’s National Sexuality Education Framework (2018), formal interviews with Ugandan NGO officers (3), and semi-structured interviews with Ugandan educators (3).ResultsUganda’s current panic over sex education reignited longstanding anxieties over foreign interventions into the sexual health and rights of Ugandans. We argue that in the wake of a 35-year battle with HIV/AIDS and more recent controversies over LGBT rights, both of which brought international donor resources and governance, the issue of where and how to teach young people about sex became a new battleground over the state’s authority to govern the health and economic prosperity of its citizens.ConclusionsEthno- and religio-nationalist rhetoric used to oppose the state’s new sexuality education policy was also used to justify sex education as a tool for economic development.Policy ImplicationsAnalyzing rhetoric mobilized by both supporters and detractors of sex education reveals the contested political terrain policy advocates must navigate in Uganda and other postcolonial contexts.
Evaluation of the aircraft fuel economy using advanced statistics and machine learning
Authors: Baumann S. , Neidhardt T. , Klingauf U. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFuel represents a significant proportion of an airline’s operating costs. Statistical analyses and physical models have been used to monitor and estimate fuel consumption up to now, but these can have considerable inaccuracies. This means that, currently, there are no suitable detection methods for the evaluation of aircraft retrofits, of which some only suggest a fuel efficiency potential in the tenths of a percent range. This article examines suitable assessments of the fuel economy of aircraft and especially aircraft with and without retrofitting. For this purpose, the effects of technical influences such as measurement errors and external uncertainties such as turbulence on the evaluation of the fuel economy are examined in more detail. The focus of the article is on a discussion of possible optimization potentials of conventional statistical evaluation methods, especially regarding possible misinterpretations and spurious correlations. This discussion is exemplarily based on a case study of simulated flight data of an Airbus A320 (with and without improved wing tips (sharklets) as an exemplary retrofit). For this purpose, a suitable simulation environment is presented in which relevant environmental parameters such as wind and turbulence can be set, and measurement errors in the recorded data can be manipulated. It is found that measurement errors as well as turbulence can lead to a bias in key figures that are used for the evaluation of fuel flow signals. The effect of turbulence can partly be mitigated by the use of an improved key figure the authors propose. The investigation is also carried out using a data-based evaluation method to simulate the fuel flow using a machine learning model (random forests), whereby the effects of turbulence and measurement errors significantly influence the fuel flow predicted by the model in the same order of magnitude as potential retrofit measures.
Protected area management in a post-natural world: negotiated governance at the Danish Wadden Sea
Authors: Walsh Cormac 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNational parks and other large protected areas play an increasingly important role in the context of global social and environmental challenges. Nevertheless, they continue to be rooted in local places and cannot be separated out from their socio-cultural and historical context. Protected areas furthermore are increasingly understood to constitute critical sites of struggle whereby the very meanings of nature, landscape, and nature-society relations are up for debate. This paper examines governance arrangements and discursive practices pertaining to the management of the Danish Wadden Sea National Park and reflects on the relationship between pluralist institutional structures and pluralist, relational understandings of nature and landscape.
Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014–2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas
Authors: Bonifay Timothee , Godaert Lidvine , Epelboin Yanouk , Rousset Dominique , Douine Maylis , Hilderal Hélène , Clavel Cyril , Abel Sylvie , Najioullah Fatiha , Fagour Laurence , do Socorro Mendonça Gomes Margarete , Lacerda Marcus , Cézaire Raymond , Elenga Narcisse , Dramé Moustapha , Hoen Bruno , Cabié André , Djossou Félix , Epelboin Loïc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005–2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield.

Recent Findings
Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease.

Summary
Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector Aedes albopictus is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Selection of third party reverses logistic providers: an approach of BCF-CRITIC-MULTIMOORA using Archimedean power aggregation operators
Authors: Baidya Jhulaneswar , Garg Harish , Saha Abhijit , Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Rani Pratibha , Dutta Debjit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most powerful tools to operate imprecision is bipolar complex fuzzy sets (BCFSs), which is an enlargement of bipolar fuzzy sets (BFSs) as well as complex fuzzy sets (CFSs). This paper deals with an integrated MULTIMOORA (multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form) framework as a generalization of fuzzy MULTIMOORA procedure to assess the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems with BCFSs. We develop BCF-Archimedean power weighted (ordered weighted) arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators (AOs) and discuss their properties from this point of view. The proposed Archimedean power-weighted AOs can eliminate the influence of extreme evaluating criteria values from some biased experts with different preference attitudes under the BCF setting. Afterward, we put forward an integrated MULTIMOORA algorithm based on the proposed AOs, where criteria weights are estimated using the CRITIC (criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation) method, which is a well-known objective weighting method based on aggregated score values of options, intensity contrast of every criteria and conflict among attributes. In the proposed methodology, criteria values are aggregated based on the MULTIMOORA method that involves three sub-methods: the ‘ratio system’, the ‘reference point’ and the ‘full multiplicative form’ and thus takes less computational time, minimum mathematical evaluations and bears good stability. In the following, third-party reverse logistics providers' (3PRLP) selection problem is brought into consideration to manifest the sufficiency of the developed methodology. At the end of this study, we draw attention to a comparison between the proposed decision-making approach with the corresponding BCF-CRITIC-TOPSIS and BCF-CRITIC-WASPAS methods.