bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-based Analysis of Oral Lesions Using Novel Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Early Detection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Warin Kritsasith , Limprasert Wasit , Suebnukarn Siriwan , Jinaporntham Suthin , Jantana Patcharapon , Vicharueang Sothana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in oncology have been developed rapidly with reported successes in recent years. This work aims to evaluate the performance of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms for the classification and detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in oral photographic images.Methods: A dataset comprising 980 oral photographic images was divided into 365 images of OSCC, 315 images of OPMDs and 300 images of non-pathological images. Multiclass image classification models were created by using DenseNet-169, ResNet-101, SqueezeNet and Swin-S. And multiclass object detection models were fabricated by using faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, RetinaNet and CenterNet2.Results: The AUC of multiclass image classification of CNN models was 0.71-1.00 and 0.80- 0.98 on OSCC and OPMDs, respectively. The AUC of multiclass CNN-base object detection models was 0.81-0.91 and 0.34-0.64 on OSCC and OPMDs, respectively. In comparison, CNN- based classification models exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 0.72-0.99, 0.83-0.99 on OSCC and 0.74-0.95, 0.88-0.97 on OPMDs, respectively. These values were inline with the performance of oral and maxillofacial surgeons and superior to those of general practictioners (GPs).Conclusions: CNN-based models have potential for the identification of OSCC and OPMDs in oral photographic images and are expected to be a diagnostic tool to assist GPs for the early detection of oral cancer.
The Wear Detection of Mill-Grinding Tool Based on Acoustic Emission Sensor
Authors: Huang Wuzhen , Li Yuan , Wu Xian , Shen Jianyun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The monitoring of tool wear plays an important role in improving the processing efficiency and reducing the production cost of enterprises. This paper is focused on the detection of electroplated diamond mill-grinding tools by using the acoustic emission sensor. The wear stages of mill-grinding tools are divided into three parts, namely initial wear stage, normal wear stage, and severe wear stage. The characteristic parameter method and the waveform analysis method are applied to analyze the acoustic emission signals. The wear characteristics of the tool and workpiece in different wear stages are observed and analyzed. The results indicate that the acoustic emission waveform is relatively stable in the initial wear stage, and the continuous acoustic emission signal is dominated. Moreover, the diamond abrasive grains are mainly worn and slightly broken in the normal wear stage, and there are some pits on the machined workpiece surface after the initial wear stage. In the severe wear stage, most of the abrasive grains are broken or broken in a large area, and there are burst acoustic emission signals in the waveform.
OpenIaC: Open Infrastructure as Code - The Network is My Computer
Authors: Rong Chunming , Geng Jiahui , Hacker Thomas J. , Bryhni Haakon , Jaatun Martin G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modern information systems are built fron a complex composition of networks, infrastructure, devices, services, and applications, interconnected by data flows that are often private and financially sensitive. The 5G networks, which can create hyperlocalized services, have highlighted many of the deficiencies of current practices in use today to create and operate information systems. Emerging cloud computing techniques, such as Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) and elastic computing, o↵er a path for a future re-imagining of how we create, deploy, secure, operate, and retire information systems. In this paper, we articulate the position that a comprehensive new approach is needed for all OSI layers from layer 2 up to applications that are built on underlying principles that include reproducibility, continuous integration/continuous delivery, auditability, and versioning. There are obvious needs to redesign and optimize the protocols from the network layer to the application layer. Our vision seeks to augment existing Cloud Computing and Networking solutions with support for multiple cloud infrastructures and seamless integration of cloud-based microservices. To address these issues, we propose an approach named Open Infrastructure as Code (OpenIaC), which is an attempt to provide a common open forum to integrate and build on advances in cloud computing and blockchain to address the needs of modern information architectures. The main mission of our OpenIaC approach is to provide services based on the principles of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) among the federation of connected resources based on Decentralized Identity (DID). Our objectives include the creation of an open-source hub with fine-grained access control for an open and connected infrastructure of shared resources (sensing, storage, computing, 3D printing, etc.) managed by blockchains and federations. Our proposed approach has the potential to provide a path for developing new platforms, business models, and a modernized information ecosystem necessary for 5G networks.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Thermoluminiscence Mechanism In Radiation Shielding Cr2O3 - Ba(La)2SiO6 Glasses
Authors: GUNTU RK 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research on Cr2O3 doped SiO2 glasses is well known for advanced dielectrics. However, there are many other valuable properties associated with Cr2O3 inclusive various glasses. In this view, the current research aimed to develop the radiation shielding, elastically rich, and the EPR based Cr2O3 doped Ba(La)2SiO6 glass resource. Electron paramagnetic resonance, radiation shielding, and elastic studies have been employed to investigate the advanced characteristics. Structural characterization suggests glassy behavior with the Cr2O3 undoped glass. Whereas the other involved with Cr2O3 mol% shown with the ceramic behavior. The glass transition phenomena and forming abilities are studied with the help of differential thermal analysis techniques. Elastic studies have been done with the limit on the glasses, which suggests the glasses are flexible for elastic use. The electron paramagnetic resonance reports suggest high order of dipole-dipole super-exchange interaction and rhombohedral distortion within the glasses. Furthermore, we have tested the glasses for radiation shielding properties. The values of mass attenuation coefficient, radiation protection efficiency, mean free path, and energy absorption build-up factor of the glasses are measured and compared with values obtained with the help of standard photon shielding and dosimetry software. The studies indicate that the glasses developed are capable of radiation shielding. Upon 50 kGy, γ - irradiation, the thermoluminescence properties of the glasses are reported. The results found to be interesting, and reveal the resource developed are thermoluminescent at low activation energies. Furthermore, we have tested, the glasses for radiation shielding properties. Moreover, to introduce the detailed correlation between electron paramagnetic resonance, and thermoluminescence phenomenon, we have annealed the glasses under 0 to 300 oC temperature and upon the 0 to 50 kGy, γ - irradiation dose level. The electron paramagnetic resonance and thermoluminescence properties obtained for the glasses are highly correlative.
Non-planar Dynamics of a CFRP Cable with an External 1/3-order Subharmonic Resonance
Authors: Long Yang , Kang Hou Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the non-planar vibration equations of a cable made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the nonlinear behaviors of the cable are studied. The one-to-one internal resonance of the lowest in-plane and out-of-plane modes of the cable is investigated. Three different cases, namely, 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of the in-plane mode, 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of the out-of-plane mode and 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of both of the in-plane and out-of-plane modes are examined. The vibration equations of the cable are discretized by using Galerkin’s method. In this way, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained. The multiple time scale method is employed to solve the ODEs and the corresponding modulation equations are derived. Then, the response curves of the cable are obtained by using Newton-Raphson method and pseudo arclength algorithm. Meanwhile, the response curves of the CFRP cable are compared with those of the steel cable to explore the differences in nonlinear behaviors of the cables made of different materials. The results show that the CFRP cable has potential advantages over the steel cable from a nonlinear point of view.
A coupled multiphase Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-dynamics framework for numerical simulation of Laser Metal Deposition process
Authors: Murer Mauro , Formica Giovanni , Milicchio Franco , Morganti Simone , Auricchio Ferdinando 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework for the numerical simulation of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process in 3D printing. Such a framework, comprehensive of both numerical formulations and solvers, aims at providing an exhaustive scenario of the process, where the carrier gas, modeled as an Eulerian incompressible fluid, transports metal powders, tracked as Langrangian discrete particles, within the 3D printing chamber. On the basis of heat sources coming from the laser beam and the heated substrate, the particle model is developed to interact with the carrier gas also by heat transfer and to evolve in a melted phase according to a growth law of the particle liquid mass fraction. Enhanced numerical solvers, characterized by a modified Netwon-Raphson scheme and a parallel algorithm for tracking particles, are employed to obtain both e ffi ciency and accuracy of the numerical strategy. In the perspective of investigating optimal design of the whole LMD process, we propose a sensitivity analysis specifically addressed to assess the influence of inflow rates, laser beams intensity, and nozzle channel geometry. Such a numerical campaign is performed with an in-house C++ code developed with the deal.II open source Finite Element library.
Species identification of larval fish in Hawaiian waters using DNA barcoding
Authors: xing bingpeng , Wang Chunguang , Wu Qiong , Wang Yanguo , Chen Xiaoyin , Sun Rouxin , Zhang Zhilan , Xiang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Correct identification of fish larvae is notably difficult, given that the morphological features at this stage of development are often poorly defined. However, obtaining such taxonomic information is of considerable importance from the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation. Results: In this study, we collected a total of 95 specimens of larval fish from Hawaiian waters, which we sought to identify using DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences. Among these, 40 and 52 samples were accordingly identified to the species and genus levels, respectively. The determined average Kimura-2-parameter distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.72%, 25.99%, 26.30%, and 27.50%, respectively, and the mean interspecific distance was found to be 36-fold higher than the mean intraspecific distance. Conclusions: The results of this study provide convincing evidence that DNA barcoding can serve as an effective tool for the accurate species identification of larval fish in Hawaiian waters, and could thereby make a valuable contribution to species diversity surveys. The findings of this study can make a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the diversity and dispersal of larval fish in Hawaiian waters.
Análisis de la contratación directa en la causal de ciencia, tecnología e innovación bajo los principios de planeación y selección objetiva.
Authors: Buendía Franco Katherine 
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación consiste en el análisis de la seguridad jurídica que existe en la modalidad de contratación directa bajo la causal de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en desarrollo de los principios de planeación y selección objetiva, a través de una revisión documental divida en dos secciones; por un lado, se delimita el principio de planeación en complemento con el principio de selección objetiva en el marco de la contratación estatal; posteriormente, se conceptualiza la contratación directa bajo la causal de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, y se concluye con un análisis de la aplicación de la causal de la contratación directa bajo el principio de selección objetiva.
Recibido: 16 de marzo de 2021
Revisado: 19 de abril de 2021
Aceptado: 13 de mayo de 2021
Sorghum extract: Phytochemical, proximate, and GC-MS analyses
Authors: Ajani Olayinka , Owoeye Taiwo Felicia , Akinlabu Kehinde Deborah , Bolade Oladotun , Aribisala Oluwatimilehin , Durodola Bamidele 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Sorghum is available cereal seeds of African origin belonging to the Poaceae family. However, its metabolites and proximate composition have not studied well, which led to the under-utilization of this cereal. This research aimed to investigate the classes of phytochemical and proximate compositions of sorghum extract in order to assess its nutraceutical potential for food chemistry and dietary formulations.
Study objects and methods. We studied the sorghum seed oil extract obtained with the help of a Soxhlet extractor. Sorghum was purchased in Ota, Nigeria. The bioactive compounds were identified by standard methods of phytochemical screening, the nutritional content was investigated with proximate analysis, and the secondary metabolites in the sorghum extract were determined using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Result and discussion. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and quinones in the sorghum extract. The oil yield obtained was 11.00 ± 0.18%. The proximate analysis revealed 5.94% moisture content, 3.05% ash, 0.20% crude fiber, 11.00% fat, 5.54% protein, and 74.27% carbohydrates. The selected physicochemical parameters measured in the sorghum extract included cloud point (0.40°C), specific gravity at 25°C (0.81), and refractive index (1.46). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, stigmasterol, 8-dodecen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)-, vitamin E, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, which accounted for about 85% in the sorghum composition. Other constituents, presented at lower amounts, included 12-heptadecyn-1-ol, 1H-Imidazole-5-ethanamine, 1-methyl-, and cyclononene.
Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed high nutritive potential of sorghum, which make it a rich source of energy for humans and animals.
Examination of the Cameroon DHS data to investigate how water access and sanitation services are related to diarrhea and nutrition among infants and toddlers in rural households
Authors: Dharod Jigna M. , Nounkeu Carole Debora , Paynter Lauren , Labban Jeffrey D. , Sastre Lauren R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Undernutrition among children is a significant issue in rural areas in Cameroon, with diarrhea being one of the major contributing risk factors. To gain a better understanding of the risk factors of diarrhea, the main objective of this epidemiological study was to examine associations between water access and sanitation service with diarrhea, diet diversity, and anemia among infants and toddlers in rural households in Cameroon. The study involved household- and individual-level data of 2,129 rural-dwelling infants and toddlers from the Demographic and Health Survey database. About one-third of infants and toddlers were experiencing diarrhea, with higher odds among those who lived in households with limited water service (p = 0.028). The odds of having diarrhea were 50% higher among infants and toddlers when households did not have sanitation facilities (p = 0.007). The lack of improved water and sanitation was also associated with a low intake of various food groups among older infants and toddlers. The prevalence of anemia was high, but no significant differences were seen by water and sanitation services. The achievement of SDG #6 will help address undernutrition and achieve other SDGs, including improving health and wellbeing.
Adsorption of cadmium ions from simulated battery wastewater by polyethylene polyamine-modified activated carbon
Authors: Wang Baoying , Lan Jingming , Pu Junli , Liu Xiu , Gong Bolin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the treatment of wastewater containing cadmium ions (Cd2+). Activated carbon (AC) was modified with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA). The structure and morphology of the modified AC was characterized. The effect of pH on adsorption was investigated, and the binary competitive adsorption and the reusability of the modified AC were studied. Subsequently the modified AC was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater. The adsorption capacity of optimized modified AC was 9.7 times that of unmodified AC. Kinetic adsorption curves were in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the isothermal curves were in accordance with the Langmuir equation. The results indicate that the AC has potential in the treatment of the wastewater containing Cd2+ discharged from chemical plants during battery manufacturing.
Detection of Melanogenesis and Anti-Apoptosis-Associated Melanoma
Factors: Array CGH and PPI Mapping Integrating Study
Authors: Yin Shang-Jun , Qian Guo-Ying , Yang Jun-Mo , Lee Jinhyuk , Park Yong-Doo 
Published: November 2021

Background:
We investigated melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-related melanoma factors
in melanoma cells (TXM1, TXM18, A375P, and A375SM).

Objective:
To find melanoma associated hub factor, high-throughput screening-based techniques integrating
with bioinformatics were investigated.

Methods:
Array CGH analysis was conducted with a commercial system. Total genomic DNAs prepared
individually from each cell line with control DNA were properly labeled with Cy3-dCTP and
Cy5-dCTP and hybridizations and subsequently performed data treatment by the log2 green (G;
test) to red (R; reference) fluorescence ratios (G/R). Gain or loss of copy number was judged by
spots with log2-transformed ratios. PPI mapping analysis of detected candidate genes based on the
array CGH results was conducted using the human interactome in the STRING database. Energy
minimization and a short Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation using the implicit solvation model
in CHARMM were performed to analyze the interacting residues between YWHAZ and YWHAB.

Results:
Three genes (BMP-4, BFGF, LEF-1) known to be involved in melanogenesis were found
to lose chromosomal copy numbers, and Chr. 6q23.3 was lost in all tested cell lines. Ten hub genes
(CTNNB1, PEX13, PEX14, PEX5, IFNG, EXOSC3, EXOSC1, EXOSC8, UBC, and PEX10) were
predicted to be functional interaction factors in the network of the 6q23.3 locus. The apoptosis-associated
genes E2F1, p50, BCL2L1, and BIRC7 gained, and FGF2 lost chromosomal copy numbers
in the tested melanoma cell lines. YWHAB, which gained chromosomal copy numbers, was predicted
to be the most important hub protein in melanoma cells. Molecular dynamics simulations for
binding YWHAB and YWHAZ were conducted, and the complex was predicted to be energetically
and structurally stable through its 3 hydrogen-bond patterns. The number of interacting residues is
27.

Conclusion:
Our study compares genome-wide screening interactomics predictions for melanoma
factors and offers new information for understanding melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-associated
mechanisms in melanoma. Especially, YWHAB was newly detected as a core factor in melanoma
cells.
Development of an Autoinducible Plasmid for Recombinant Protein
Production
Authors: Chae Young Kee , Kim Hakbeom 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The production of recombinant proteins in E. coli involves such factors as
host strains, expression vectors, culture media, and induction methods. The typical procedure to
produce heterologous proteins consists of the following: (1) insertion of the target gene into a suitable
vector to construct an overexpression plasmid, (2) transformation of a strain specialized for
protein production with the constructed plasmid DNA, (3) growth of the host in a suitable medium
and induction of the protein production at a right moment, and (4) further growth to get the maximum
yield. There are hurdles involved in each of these steps, and researchers have developed
many materials or methods, which often require special recipes or procedures.

Objective:
To eliminate the special requirements for recombinant protein production by using readily
available materials. Also to save time and effort in the routine protein production work.

Method:
We started with a vector capable of producing a target protein fused to the C-terminus of
the maltose-binding protein (MBP). The mCherry (red fluorescent protein) gene was fused to
MBP. It acted as a reporter in the initial screening procedure. The original lethal gene (barnase)
was replaced with sacB. We chose 3 stationary phase promoters and made hybrids of them by mixing
halves from each one. The T5 promoter was replaced with these stationary phase promoters or
their hybrids. The best plasmid was selected by the color intensity of the cell pellet. MBP and GST
genes were inserted in the place of sacB, and their production yields were compared with the original
plasmid in the conventional way of expression.

Results:
We constructed an expression plasmid with an autoinducible promoter working in a host
that was not specially designed for protein production and in a TB medium that did not contain any
secret ingredient, nor was it difficult to prepare unlike Studier’s defined medium. This plasmid also
contains a color indicator that turns red when protein production is successful. We tested our system
with the maltose-binding protein (MBP) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST), and showed
that both proteins were produced to a level comparable to what the commercial medium and/or the
specialized strain yielded.

Conclusion:
We developed a plasmid equipped with an autoinducible promoter, a hybrid of the
two promoters which were activated at the stationary phase. This plasmid does not need a special
E. coli strain nor a sophisticated nor an expensive medium. It produces an intense red (or pink) color,
which can be used as an indicator of a successful production of the target protein and as a predictive
measure of the amount of the produced target protein. We speculate that this plasmid will
have its greatest advantage when growing cells at low temperatures, which would inevitably take a
long time.
Histone Modifications and their Role in Epigenetics of Cancer
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Rana Nehal , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: November 2021

:
Epigenetic regulations play a crucial role in the expression of various genes
that are important in the normal cell function. Any alteration in these epigenetic mechanisms
can lead to the modification of histone and DNA, resulting in the silencing or enhanced
expression of some genes causing various diseases. Acetylation, methylation, ribosylation,
or phosphorylation of histone proteins modifies its interaction with the DNA,
consequently changing the ratio of heterochromatin and euchromatin. Terminal lysine residues
of histone proteins serve as potential targets of such epigenetic modifications. The
current review focuses on the histone modifications, and their contributing factors; the
role of these modifications on metabolism leads to cancer, and methylation of histone in
cancer affects the DNA repair mechanisms.