bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication
Authors: Yurtman Erinç , Özer Onur , Yüncü Eren , Dağtaş Nihan Dilşad , Koptekin Dilek , Çakan Yasin Gökhan , Özkan Mustafa , Akbaba Ali , Kaptan Damla , Atağ Gözde , Vural Kıvılcım Başak , Gündem Can Yümni , Martin Louise , Kılınç Gülşah Merve , Ghalichi Ayshin , Açan Sinan Can , Yaka Reyhan , Sağlıcan Ekin , Lagerholm Vendela Kempe , Krzewińska Maja , Günther Torsten , Morell Miranda Pedro , Pişkin Evangelia , Şevketoğlu Müge , Bilgin C. Can , Atakuman Çiğdem , Erdal Yılmaz Selim , Sürer Elif , Altınışık N. Ezgi , Lenstra Johannes A. , Yorulmaz Sevgi , Abazari Mohammad Foad , Hoseinzadeh Javad , Baird Douglas , Bıçakçı Erhan , Çevik Özlem , Gerritsen Fokke , Özbal Rana , Götherström Anders , Somel Mehmet , Togan İnci , Özer Füsun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic.
A convenient polyculture system that controls a shrimp viral disease with a high transmission rate
Authors: Wang Muhua , Chen Yonggui , Zhao Zhong , Weng Shaoping , Yang Jinchuan , Liu Shangyun , Liu Chang , Yuan Fenghua , Ai Bin , Zhang Haiqing , Zhang Mingyan , Lu Lirong , Yuan Kai , Yu Zhaolong , Mo Bibo , Liu Xinjian , Gai Chunlei , Li Yijun , Lu Renjie , Zhong Zhiwei , Zheng Luwei , Feng Guocan , Li Shengwen Calvin , He Jianguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping ecological approaches for disease control is critical for future sustainable aquaculture development. White spot syndrome (WSS), caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is the most severe disease in cultured shrimp production. Culturing specific pathogen-free (SPF) broodstock is an effective and widely used strategy for controlling WSS. However, most small-scale farmers, who predominate shrimp aquaculture in developing countries, cannot cultivate SPF shrimp, as they do not have the required infrastructure and skills. Thus, these producers are more vulnerable to WSS outbreaks than industrial farms. Here we developed a shrimp polyculture system that prevents WSS outbreaks by introducing specific fish species. The system is easy to implement and requires no special biosecurity measures. The promotion of this system in China demonstrated that it allowed small-scale farmers to improve their livelihood through shrimp cultivation by controlling WSS outbreaks and increasing the production of ponds.
Temporal assortment of cooperators in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma
Authors: Johnson Tim , Smirnov Oleg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study a spatial, one-shot prisoner’s dilemma (PD) model in which selection operates on both an organism’s behavioral strategy (cooperate or defect) and its decision of when to implement that strategy, which we depict as an organism’s choice of one point in time, out of a set of discrete time slots, at which to carry out its PD strategy. Results indicate selection for cooperators across various time slots and parameter settings, including parameter settings in which cooperation would not evolve in an exclusively spatial model—as in work investigating exogenously imposed temporal networks. Moreover, in the presence of time slots, cooperators’ portion of the population grows even under different combinations of spatial structure, transition rules, and update dynamics, though rates of cooperator fixation decline under pairwise comparison and synchronous updating. These findings indicate that, under certain evolutionary processes, merely existing in time and space promotes the evolution of cooperation.
Approaching isotropic charge transport of n-type organic semiconductors with bulky substituents
Authors: Yu Craig P. , Kojima Naoya , Kumagai Shohei , Kurosawa Tadanori , Ishii Hiroyuki , Watanabe Go , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBenzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) is an n-type organic semiconductor that has shown unique multi-fold intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, leading to aggregated structures with excellent charge transports and electron mobility properties. However, the strong intermolecular anchoring of BQQDI presents challenges for fine-tuning the molecular assembly and improving the semiconducting properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two BQQDI derivatives with phenyl- and cyclohexyl substituents (Ph–BQQDI and Cy6–BQQDI), where the two organic semiconductors show distinct molecular assemblies and degrees of intermolecular orbital overlaps. In addition, the difference in their packing motifs leads to strikingly different band structures that give rise to contrasting charge-transport capabilities. More specifically, Cy6–BQQDI bearing bulky substituents exhibits isotropic intermolecular orbital overlaps resulting in equal averaged transfer integrals in both π-π stacking directions, even when dynamic disorders are taken into account; whereas Ph–BQQDI exhibits anisotropic averaged transfer integrals in these directions. As a result, Cy6–BQQDI shows excellent device performances in both single-crystalline and polycrystalline thin-film organic field-effect transistors up to 2.3 and 1.0 cm2V−1s−1, respectively.
Antiferromagnetic spatial photonic Ising machine through optoelectronic correlation computing
Authors: Huang Junyi , Fang Yisheng , Ruan Zhichao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIM) have been demonstrated to compute the minima of Hamiltonians for large-scale spin systems. Here we propose to implement an antiferromagnetic model through optoelectronic correlation computing with SPIM. Also we exploit the gauge transformation which enables encoding the spins and the interaction strengths in a single phase-only spatial light modulator. With a simple setup, we experimentally show the ground-state-search acceleration of an antiferromagnetic model with 40000 spins in number-partitioning problem. Thus such an optoelectronic computing exhibits great programmability and scalability for the practical applications of studying statistical systems and combinatorial optimization problems.
Volcanic climate impacts can act as ultimate and proximate causes of Chinese dynastic collapse
Authors: Gao Chaochao , Ludlow Francis , Matthews John A. , Stine Alexander R. , Robock Alan , Pan Yuqing , Breen Richard , Nolan Brianán , Sigl Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractState or societal collapses are often described as featuring rapid reductions in socioeconomic complexity, population loss or displacement, and/or political discontinuity, with climate thought to contribute mainly by disrupting a society’s agroecological base. Here we use a state-of-the-art multi-ice-core reconstruction of explosive volcanism, representing the dominant global external driver of severe short-term climatic change, to reveal a systematic association between eruptions and dynastic collapse across two millennia of Chinese history. We next employ a 1,062-year reconstruction of Chinese warfare as a proxy for political and socioeconomic stress to reveal the dynamic role of volcanic climatic shocks in collapse. We find that smaller shocks may act as the ultimate cause of collapse at times of high pre-existing stress, whereas larger shocks may act with greater independence as proximate causes without substantial observed pre-existing stress. We further show that post-collapse warfare tends to diminish rapidly, such that collapse itself may act as an evolved adaptation tied to the influential “mandate of heaven” concept in which successive dynasties could claim legitimacy as divinely sanctioned mandate holders, facilitating a more rapid restoration of social order.
Identification of TGFβ signaling as a regulator of interneuron neurogenesis in a human pluripotent stem cell model
Authors: Cruz Santos Maria , Li Meng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cortical interneurons are GABAergic inhibitory cells that connect locally in the neocortex and play a pivotal role in shaping cortical network activities. Dysfunction of these cells is believed to lead to runaway excitation underlying seizure-based diseases, such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia. There is a growing interest in using cortical interneurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells for understanding their complex development and for modeling neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we report the identification of a novel role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in modulating interneuron progenitor maintenance and neuronal differentiation. TGFβ signaling inhibition suppresses terminal differentiation of interneuron progenitors, while exogenous TGFβ3 accelerates the transition of progenitors into postmitotic neurons. We provide evidence that TGFb signaling exerts this function via regulating cell cycle length of the NKX2.1+ neural progenitors. Together, the present study represents a useful platform for studying human interneuron development and interneuron-associated neurological diseases with human pluripotent stem cells.
Fault identification method for distribution network based on parameter optimized variational mode decomposition and convolutional neural network
Authors: Hou Sizu , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to extract the fault characteristics of the distribution power system automatically, a new method for fault identification based on parameter optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, the VMD is used to decompose electric signals of the main transformer, including the current of the low‐voltage inlet line, bus voltage, and so on. The obtained intrinsic mode functions should be arranged in sequence from low to high according to the central frequency. The VMD can obtain the time‐frequency matrices. In order to decide the decomposition layers of the VMD adaptively, the partial mean of multi‐scale permutation entropy is used to optimize it. Then, the time‐frequency matrixes can be converted into pixel matrices by pseudo‐colour coding. The pixel matrices which are appropriately compressed can be used as input of CNN. The CNN can autonomously extract the eigenvectors of fault. Finally, the classification algorithms of support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayesian classifier (NBC), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random forest (RF) are used to train and test the feature vectors extracted by CNN to verify the effectiveness of the method. The experiments show that the proposed method has excellent stability, fast convergence speed, and high precision. The technique can effectively complete the fault identification of the distribution network.
Enhancement of dynamic wireless power transfer system by model predictive control
Authors: Alkasir Ali , Abdollahi Seyed Ehsan , Abdollahi Seyed Reza , Wheeler Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWireless power transfer (WPT) system based on a dynamic wireless charging (DWC) scheme, eliminates waiting time for charging electric vehicles (EVs), increases the range of motion, reduces the size of Li‐ion battery, and automates the charging process. In the DWC method, an EV frequently passes the charger transmitter pads at maximum speed to charge the onboard battery. The charger must have a quick and smooth transient response that employs the proper charging strategy for the battery. Here, a model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed to deploy a suitable DWC based on constant current/voltage (CC/CV) charging protocol. The designed MPC functionality is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results for both CC/CV strategies while battery state of charge (SOC) is estimated by a simple and stable technique in the primary side. The applied CC/CV MPC scheme performs properly in all conditions with a fast critically damped start‐up, which makes it a potential choice to charge EV in dynamic and static modes. The simulation results of the proposed controller are verified by implementing a 90 W WPT testbed at 85.5 kHz switching frequency and 100 mm coils’ air gap.
Automated detection of cecal intubation with variable bowel preparation using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Low Daniel J. , Hong Zhuoqiao , Khan Rishad , Bansal Rishi , Gimpaya Nikko , Grover Samir C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Colonoscopy completion reduces post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. As a result, there have been attempts at implementing artificial intelligence to automate the detection of the appendiceal orifice (AO) for quality assurance. However, the utilization of these algorithms has not been demonstrated in suboptimal conditions, including variable bowel preparation. We present an automated computer-assisted method using a deep convolutional neural network to detect the AO irrespective of bowel preparation.
Methods A total of 13,222 images (6,663 AO and 1,322 non-AO) were extracted from 35 colonoscopy videos recorded between 2015 and 2018. The images were labelled with Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores. A total of 11,900 images were used for training/validation and 1,322 for testing. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a DenseNet architecture pre-trained on ImageNet as a feature extractor on our data and trained a classifier uniquely tailored for identification of AO and non-AO images using binary cross entropy loss.
Results The deep convolutional neural network was able to correctly classify the AO and non-AO images with an accuracy of 94 %. The area under the receiver operating curve of this neural network was 0.98. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the algorithm were 0.96, 0.92, 0.92 and 0.96, respectively. AO detection was > 95 % regardless of BBPS scores, while non-AO detection improved from BBPS 1 score (83.95 %) to BBPS 3 score (98.28 %).
Conclusions A deep convolutional neural network was created demonstrating excellent discrimination between AO from non-AO images despite variable bowel preparation. This algorithm will require further testing to ascertain its effectiveness in real-time colonoscopy.
Sarkoidose im Kopf-Hals-Bereich – eine diagnostische Herausforderung am Beispiel lokaler Hautmanifestationen
Authors: Send Thorsten , Jansen Christian , Eichhorn Klaus W. , Bieber Thomas , Hornung Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Sarkoidose ist eine granulomatöse Multisystemerkrankung unklarer Ätiologie und stellt durch ihre relative Seltenheit sowie ihr heterogenes Krankheitsbild eine klinisch diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wir gehen der Frage nach, ob bei oberflächlich sichtbaren Läsionen der Haut die Differenzialdiagnose einer Sarkoidose in Betracht gezogen wird und welche systemischen Manifestationen vorliegen.
Material und Methoden Im Rahmen unserer explorativen retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren insgesamt 32 Patienten mit einer Sarkoidose der Haut identifiziert und die Daten analysiert.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Wir konnten in unserer Erhebung zeigen, dass die Differenzialdiagnose einer Sarkoidose durch die dermatologischen Kollegen in vielen Fällen schon vor der Biopsie in Erwägung gezogen wurde (71,8 %); dies war in einer vorangegangenen Studie an Patienten in der HNO-Heilkunde nicht der Fall. Bei insgesamt 90,6 % der Patienten wurde dann sogar die Erstdiagnose durch die anschließende Hautbiopsie gestellt. Die Sarkoidose der Haut im Kopf-Hals-Bereich kann durchaus auch dem HNO-Arzt begegnen; in unserer Erhebung handelt es sich sogar um die zweithäufigste kutane Manifestation. Nach erfolgter Biopsie (Goldstandard) ist die Suche nach weiteren möglichen Organmanifestationen besonders wichtig (bspw. Lunge, Herz), um die Komplikationen eines möglichen chronischen Krankheitsverlaufs (u. a. Herzrhythmusstörungen, Lungenfibrose) frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu behandeln.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy capacity in Eastern Africa
Authors: Mwachiro Michael , Topazian Hillary M. , Kayamba Violet , Mulima Gift , Ogutu Elly , Erkie Mengistu , Lenga Gome , Mutie Thomas , Mukhwana Eva , Desalegn Hailemichael , Berhe Rezene , Meshesha Berhane Redae , Kaimila Bongani , Kelly Paul , Fleischer David , Dawsey Sanford M. , Topazian Mark D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Limited evidence suggests that endoscopy capacity in sub-Saharan Africa is insufficient to meet the levels of gastrointestinal disease. We aimed to quantify the human and material resources for endoscopy services in eastern African countries, and to identify barriers to expanding endoscopy capacity.
Patients and methods In partnership with national professional societies, digestive healthcare professionals in participating countries were invited to complete an online survey between August 2018 and August 2020.
Results Of 344 digestive healthcare professionals in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia, 87 (25.3 %) completed the survey, reporting data for 91 healthcare facilities and identifying 20 additional facilities. Most respondents (73.6 %) perform endoscopy and 59.8 % perform at least one therapeutic modality. Facilities have a median of two functioning gastroscopes and one functioning colonoscope each. Overall endoscopy capacity, adjusted for non-response and additional facilities, includes 0.12 endoscopists, 0.12 gastroscopes, and 0.09 colonoscopes per 100,000 population in the participating countries. Adjusted maximum upper gastrointestinal and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic capacity were 106 and 45 procedures per 100,000 persons per year, respectively. These values are 1 % to 10 % of those reported from resource-rich countries. Most respondents identified a lack of endoscopic equipment, lack of trained endoscopists and costs as barriers to provision of endoscopy services.
Conclusions Endoscopy capacity is severely limited in eastern sub-Saharan Africa, despite a high burden of gastrointestinal disease. Expanding capacity requires investment in additional human and material resources, and technological innovations that improve the cost and sustainability of endoscopic services.
Veränderungen somatischer, verhaltensbezogener und
psychosozialer Zielkriterien im Kontext der Rehabilitation von Patientinnen und
Patienten mit Metabolischem Syndrom
Authors: Giesler Jürgen M. , Dederichs-Masius Ute , Glattacker Manuela 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war es zu prüfen, inwieweit sich
somatische, verhaltensbezogene und psychosoziale Zielgrößen im
Laufe der Teilnahme an einem fünfwöchigen Programm zur
stationären Rehabilitation für Betroffene mit Metabolischem
Syndrom (META-Programm) verändern und inwieweit Veränderungen
auch 3 Monate nach Ende des Programms nachweisbar sind.
Methodik Initial beteiligten sich N=114 Rehabilitandinnen und
Rehabilitanden mit Metabolischem Syndrom an der Studie. Verhaltensbezogene und
psychosoziale Zielgrößen wurden zu Beginn, am Ende und 3 Monate
nach der Rehabilitation mittels Fragebögen erhoben. Hierbei wurden
Merkmale des Essverhaltens, das subjektive Krankheitskonzept,
Gesundheitskompetenz und psychosoziale Gesundheit erfasst. Zur Prüfung
von Veränderungen der Zielgrößen im Zeitverlauf wurden
t-Tests für abhängige Stichproben und Varianzanalysen mit
Messwiederholung gerechnet.
Ergebnisse Die meisten Zielgrößen verbesserten sich im
Zeitverlauf signifikant und mit mittleren bis großen
Effektstärken. So waren u. a. Blutdruck,
Nüchternblutzucker und Blutfettwerte zum Ende der Rehabilitation
deutlich verbessert. Im selbstberichteten Essverhalten 3 Monate nach
Rehabilitation zeigten sich effektstarke Veränderungen
gesundheitsförderlicher Verhaltensweisen im Sinne einer nur moderaten
Kontrolle des Essens, sportlicher Betätigung und der Umsetzung von
Ernährungsempfehlungen. Die wahrgenommene Symptomlast, Sorgen und das
Verständnis der Erkrankung als Merkmale des subjektiven
Krankheitskonzepts veränderten sich von Beginn zum Ende des
META-Programms positiv. Merkmale der psychosozialen Gesundheit verbesserten sich
zum Ende der Rehabilitation ebenfalls. 3 Monate später war hier jedoch
eine erneute, geringfügige Zunahme der Beeinträchtigungen im
Sinne somatoformer Störungen oder der Depressivität
festzustellen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die signifikanten und zum Teil effektstarken
Veränderungen der verschiedenen Zielgrößen entsprechen
den Zielen des untersuchten Rehabilitationsprogramms. Zukünftige
Forschung zu diesem oder vergleichbaren Programmen sollte jedoch längere
Nachbeobachtungszeiträume und Designs vorsehen, die es erlauben,
beobachtete Veränderungen eindeutig auf die Programmteilnahme
zurückzuführen. Hierbei wäre auch zu klären, wie
beobachtete Verbesserungen stabilisiert oder noch weiter gefördert
werden können.
The Role of Eye Color in the Emergence of Tinnitus in Silence
Authors: Ukaegbe Onyinyechi C. , Tucker Denise A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Previous research suggests that African Americans are less likely than Caucasians to perceive tinnitus in sustained silence.
Objective To evaluate the association between non-cutaneous melanin as indicated by eye color and the emergence of temporary tinnitus during a brief period of silence.
Methods A cross-section of adults grouped according to their eye color were exposed to silence. A total of 62 adults, aged 18 to 35 years (10 males, 52 females) were required to sit in silence for 10 minutes, after which they filled out a questionnaire to report their eye color and any perception of sounds in the ears or head.
Results In total, 63% of the participants perceived tinnitus while sitting in silence, and, of these 95% perceived the tinnitus sounds within 5 minutes of sitting in silence. Though African Americans were less likely to perceive tinnitus in silence, this difference was not significant (p = 0.6). After a period of silence, 69% of the subjects with light-colored eyes and 58% of the dark-eyed subjects perceived tinnitus. This difference was not statistically significant (χ2(1) = 0.77; p = 0.38).
Conclusion When exposed to reduced auditory stimulation, 3 out of 5 normal-hearing people are likely to experience tinnitus. However, there was no relationship between eye color and the perception of tinnitus in silence. Although melanin has been shown to play a role in the protection of the ear against noise trauma and the effects of age-related hearing loss, its role in the emergence of tinnitus needs further investigation.