bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of physical, microstructural, thermal, techno-functional and rheological characteristics of apple (Malus domestica) seeds of Northern Himalayas
Authors: Manzoor Mehnaza , Singh Jagmohan , Gani Adil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this research, two common apple seed cultivars Viz: ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) and ‘Red Delicious’ (RD) of Northern Himalayan region were characterized for physical, techno-functional, microstructure, thermal, and rheological properties. Seeds showed a significant difference in width, arithmetic, and geometric mean diameters, volume, and surface area. Proximate analysis results revealed that seed flours have high oil content (> 20%) and are potentially rich sources of protein (> 40%). Color analysis of flours indicated their satisfactory whiter color with higher brightness values (L* ˃ 75), resulting from the reduced particle size which allows greater light penetration and relatively lower a* (< 1.5) and b* (< 11) values. Techno-functional attributes including water/oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, and emulsion stability were significantly higher in RD than GD flour. There was also a significant difference in the average particle size of seed flours. Flour micrographs indicated the presence of oval/spherical-shaped starch granules embedded in dense protein matrix while, Differential Scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed exothermic transition enthalpies for seed flours. Additionally, seed flours depicted high elastic modulus (G′), suggesting their suitability for modifying food texture. It was concluded that apple seeds exhibit significant potential for use in formulating protein-enriched foods while contributing to reducing industrial wastage.
Multidisciplinary management to optimize outcome of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with uterine fibroids
Authors: Recker Florian , Thudium Marcus , Strunk Holger , Tonguc Tolga , Dohmen Sara , Luechters Guido , Bette Birgit , Welz Simone , Salam Babak , Wilhelm Kai , Egger Eva K. , Wüllner Ullrich , Attenberger Ulrike , Mustea Alexander , Conrad Rupert , Marinova Milka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the specific anaesthesiological and multidisciplinary management of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in uterine fibroids. This observational single-center study is the first reporting on an interdisciplinary approach to optimize outcome following ultrasound (US)-guided HIFU in German-speaking countries. A sample of forty patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids was treated by HIFU. Relevant treatment parameters such as total treatment time for intervention, anaesthesia, and sonication time as well as total energy, body temperature, peri-interventional medication and complications were analyzed. Interventional variables did not correlate significantly either with opioid dose or with body temperature. The average fibroid volume reduction rate was 37.8% ± 23.5%, 48.5% ± 22.0% and 70.2% ± 25.5% after 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. No major anaesthesiological complications occurred apart from an epileptic seizure prior to HIFU treatment in one patient. Peri-procedural hyperthermia (> 37.5 °C) occurred in two patients. Post-procedural two patients experienced a sciatic nerve irritation up to one year; one patient with very large treated fibroid experienced strong short-lasting post-procedural pain. There were two complication-free pregnancies of HIFU-treated patients. Multidisciplinary management is crucial to optimize safety and outcome of US-guided HIFU for uterine fibroids. Peri-procedural pain and temperature management are critical points where an adequate collaboration between anesthesiologist and interventionalist is mandatory.
On the mechanism of carrier recombination in downsized blue micro-LEDs
Authors: Chen Po-Wei , Hsiao Po-Wen , Chen Hsuan-Jen , Lee Bo-Sheng , Chang Kai-Ping , Yen Chao-Chun , Horng Ray-Hua , Wuu Dong-Sing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of carrier recombination in downsized μ-LED chips from 100 × 100 to 10 × 10 μm2 on emission performance was systemically investigated. All photolithography processes for defining the μ-LED pattern were achieved by using a laser direct writing technique. This maskless technology achieved the glass-mask-free process, which not only can improve the exposure accuracy but also save the development time. The multi-functional SiO2 film as a passivation layer successfully reduced the leakage current density of μ-LED chips compared with the μ-LED chips without passivation layer. As decreasing the chip size to 10 × 10 μm2, the smallest chip size exhibited the highest ideality factor, which indicated the main carrier recombination at the high-defect-density zone in μ-LED chip leading to the decreased emission performance. The blue-shift phenomenon in the electroluminescence spectrum with decreasing the μ-LED chip size was due to the carrier screening effect and the band filling effect. The 10 × 10 μm2 μ-LED chip exhibited high EQE values in the high current density region with a less efficiency droop, and the max-EQE value was 18.8%. The luminance of 96 × 48 μ-LED array with the chip size of 20 × 20 μm2 exhibited a high value of 516 nits at the voltage of 3 V.
Human intracranial recordings reveal distinct cortical activity patterns during invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Schuerman William L. , Nourski Kirill V. , Rhone Ariane E. , Howard Matthew A. , Chang Edward F. , Leonard Matthew K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is being used increasingly to treat a wide array of diseases and disorders. This growth is driven in part by the putative ability to stimulate the nerve non-invasively. Despite decades of use and a rapidly expanding application space, we lack a complete understanding of the acute effects of VNS on human cortical neurophysiology. Here, we investigated cortical responses to sub-perceptual threshold cervical implanted (iVNS) and transcutaneous auricular (taVNS) vagus nerve stimulation using intracranial neurophysiological recordings in human epilepsy patients. To understand the areas that are modulated by VNS and how they differ depending on invasiveness and stimulation parameters, we compared VNS-evoked neural activity across a range of stimulation modalities, frequencies, and amplitudes. Using comparable stimulation parameters, both iVNS and taVNS caused subtle changes in low-frequency power across broad cortical networks, which were not the same across modalities and were highly variable across participants. However, within at least some individuals, it may be possible to elicit similar responses across modalities using distinct sets of stimulation parameters. These results demonstrate that both invasive and non-invasive VNS cause evoked changes in activity across a set of highly distributed cortical networks that are relevant to a diverse array of clinical, rehabilitative, and enhancement applications.
High-performance NH3 production via NO electroreduction over a NiO nanosheet array
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Liang Jie , Wang Jiaqian , Zhang Longcheng , Li Jun , Yue Luchao , Ren Yuchun , Li Tingshuai , Luo Yonglan , Li Na , Tang Bo , Liu Qian , Asiri Abdullah M. , Kong Qingquan , Sun Xuping 
Published: November 2021

A NiO nanosheet array is active for NH3 electrosynthesis via a NO reduction reaction, attaining a faradaic efficiency of 90% and an NH3 yield of 2130 μg h−1 cm−2. Its aqueous Zn–NO battery offers a power density of 0.88 mW cm−2 and an NH3 yield of 228 μg h−1 cm−2.
Self‐tuning predictive control applicable to ship magnetic levitation damping device
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yan Jinghao , Wang Weiran , Xu Meng , Ma Wenjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the ship design, there are strict vibration‐proof requirements for precision instruments. Therefore, a ship repulsive magnetic levitation damping device is designed to achieve vibration reduction. And one self‐tuning predictive control method is proposed to achieve the stable levitation of this device. Firstly, a predictive control (MPC) method with state constraints and input constraints is adopted to realise the stable suspension of the floater. The MPC can solve the problem of position imbalance of the magnetic levitation system under the external complex disturbances. Secondly, a self‐tuning MPC method based on recursive least square is proposed to solve the problem caused by the fixed parameters of the traditional predictive controller. At the beginning of each control cycle, the recursive least‐squares (RLS) method is used to estimate the parameters of the system. Thus, the optimal control model could be obtained for the current situation. Then, this model is applied to the predictive controller to solve the problem of parameter fixation in the traditional predictive control. Finally, the simulation results show that it can improve the accuracy, dynamic response and anti‐interference performance obviously.
Non‐contact monitoring of human heartbeat signals using mm‐wave frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Li Gang , Wang Zetao , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadar has been shown potentially to be used for non‐contact sensing of biosignals in a more comfortable and easier way than wearable and contact devices. By detecting and extracting body motions linked to physiological activities, accurate estimation of the heart rate is possible. However, the detection and estimation of heartbeat signal in practical applications is disturbed seriously by noise and respiration harmonic signal. In this study, a multi‐level coarse‐to‐fine method is proposed for heartbeat rate (HR) estimation with a frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar operating at 60 GHz utilised to extract the heartbeat information of human body under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions. First, the frequencies, which are likely to be the HR, are extracted in the coarse estimation part. Then, evaluations about the extracted frequencies are conducted in the fine estimation part. Finally, the multiple signal classification algorithm is utilised to separate the HR frequency from the respiration harmonics, which solves the frequency resolution issue caused by the observation window size, and achieves high accuracy estimation of HR. The experiments on measured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the state of the art, the proposed method has superiority in terms of estimation accuracy of HR.
[CII] line intensity mapping the epoch of reionization with the Prime-Cam on FYST
Authors: Karoumpis C. , Magnelli B. , Romano-Díaz E. , Haslbauer M. , Bertoldi F. 
Published: November 2021

Aims. We predict the three-dimensional intensity power spectrum (PS) of the [CII] 158 μm line throughout the epoch of (and post) reionization at redshifts from ≈3.5 to 8. We study the detectability of the PS in a line intensity mapping (LIM) survey with the Prime-Cam spectral-imager on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST).
Methods. We created mock [CII] tomographic scans in redshift bins at z ≈ 3.7, 4.3, 5.8, and 7.4 using the Illustris TNG300-1 ΛCDM simulation and adopting a relation between the star formation activity and the [CII] luminosity (L[CII]) of galaxies. A star formation rate (SFR) was assigned to a dark matter halo in the Illustris simulation in two ways: (i) we adopted the SFR computed in the Illustris simulation and, (ii) we matched the abundance of the halos with the SFR traced by the observed dust-corrected ultraviolet luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies. The L[CII] is related to the SFR from a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, from a hydrodynamical simulation of a high-redshift galaxy, or from a high-redshift [CII] galaxy survey. The [CII] intensity PS was computed from mock tomographic scans to assess its detectability with the anticipated observational capability of the FYST.
Results. The amplitude of the predicted [CII] intensity power spectrum varies by more than a factor of 10, depending on the choice of the halo-to-galaxy SFR and the SFR-to-L[CII] relations. In the planned 4° ×4° FYST LIM survey, we expect a detection of the [CII] PS up to z ≈ 5.8, and potentially even up to z ≈ 7.4. The design of the envisioned FYST LIM survey enables a PS measurement not only in small (< 10 Mpc) shot noise-dominated scales, but also in large (> 50 Mpc) clustering-dominated scales making it the first LIM experiment that will place constraints on the SFR-to-L[CII] and the halo-to-galaxy SFR relations simultaneously.
On-sky validation of image-based adaptive optics wavefront sensor referencing
Authors: Skaf Nour , Guyon Olivier , Gendron Éric , Ahn Kyohoon , Bertrou-Cantou Arielle , Boccaletti Anthony , Cranney Jesse , Currie Thayne , Deo Vincent , Edwards Billy , Ferreira Florian , Gratadour Damien , Lozi Julien , Norris Barnaby , Sevin Arnaud , Vidal Fabrice , Vievard Sébastien 
Published: November 2021

Context.Differentiating between a true exoplanet signal and residual speckle noise is a key challenge in high-contrast imaging (HCI). Speckles result from a combination of fast, slow, and static wavefront aberrations introduced by atmospheric turbulence and instrument optics. While wavefront control techniques developed over the last decade have shown promise in minimizing fast atmospheric residuals, slow and static aberrations such as non-common path aberrations (NCPAs) remain a key limiting factor for exoplanet detection. NCPAs are not seen by the wavefront sensor (WFS) of the adaptive optics (AO) loop, hence the difficulty in correcting them.Aims.We propose to improve the identification and rejection of slow and static speckles in AO-corrected images. The algorithm known as the Direct Reinforcement Wavefront Heuristic Optimisation (DrWHO) performs a frequent compensation operation on static and quasi-static aberrations (including NCPAs) to boost image contrast. It is applicable to general-purpose AO systems as well as HCI systems.Methods.By changing the WFS reference at every iteration of the algorithm (a few tens of seconds), DrWHO changes the AO system point of convergence to lead it towards a compensation mechanism for the static and slow aberrations. References are calculated using an iterative lucky-imaging approach, where each iteration updates the WFS reference, ultimately favoring high-quality focal plane images.Results.We validated this concept through both numerical simulations and on-sky testing on the SCExAO instrument at the 8.2-m Subaru telescope. Simulations show a rapid convergence towards the correction of 82% of the NCPAs. On-sky tests were performed over a 10 min run in the visible (750 nm). We introduced a flux concentration (FC) metric to quantify the point spread function (PSF) quality and measure a 15.7% improvement compared to the pre-DrWHO image.Conclusions.The DrWHO algorithm is a robust focal-plane wavefront sensing calibration method that has been successfully demonstrated on-sky. It does not rely on a model and does not require wavefront sensor calibration or linearity. It is compatible with different wavefront control methods, and can be further optimized for speed and efficiency. The algorithm is ready to be incorporated in scientific observations, enabling better PSF quality and stability during observations.
Synthesis of Azepine- or Azocine-Embedded Hexabenzocoronene-Based Nanographenes
Authors: An Peng , Ma Bin , Xiao Ming-Jun , Liu Pi-Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClassical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of π-conjugated planar structures. To explore more properties of PAHs, new structures have been designed, including some with nonplanar topologies and heteroatom-containing moieties. As important nanographene (NG) units, hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and its derivatives have been intensively researched. Many HBC-based nonplanar NGs have been developed, and heteroatom-doped HBC-based NGs have also been designed and synthesized. Here, we summarize some methods for the synthesis of HBC-based NGs containing a seven- or eight-membered ring, and we discuss our newly synthesized NGs containing embedded azepine or azocine moieties, obtained by a modified synthetic route and a conventional Müllen’s synthetic method, respectively.
Recognition of Symmetry as a Powerful Tool in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Gaviria Mario A. , Kim Scott L. , Vogel Trenton R. , Schindler Corinna S. , Cala Lara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe design of concise and efficient synthetic strategies to access naturally occurring, pharmaceutically active complex molecules is of utmost importance in current chemistry. It not only enables rapid access to these molecules and their analogues but also provides sufficient quantities for their biological evaluation. Identification of any symmetric or pseudosymmetric synthetic intermediates upon retrosynthetic bond disconnection of the target molecule holds the promise to significantly streamline the route towards the compound of interest. This review will highlight recent examples of successful natural product syntheses reported within the past five years that benefited from the recognition of symmetry elements during the retrosynthetic design.1	Introduction2	Examples2.1	Chondrosterin I and J2.2	(–)-Bilobalide A2.3	Delavatine A2.4	Oxycodone2.5	(–)-20-epi-vincamine and (–)-20-epi-eburnamonine2.6	Reserpine2.7	(–)-Berkeleyone A2.8	(–)-Maximiscin2.9	Aplysiasecosterol A2.10	(–)-Batrachotoxinin A2.11	(–)-Mitrephorone A3	Conclusions
Applications of Photoredox Catalysis for the Radical-Induced Cleavage of C–C Bonds
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Vanderghinste Jaro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelective cleavage of C–C bonds forms one of the greatest challenges in current organic chemistry, due to the relative strength of these bonds. However, such transformations are an invaluable instrument to break down and construct new carbon–carbon bonds. To achieve this, photochemistry can be used as a tool to generate radicals and induce the cleavage of these bonds due to their high reactivity. This review examines some of the most influential contributions in this field since 2010.1	Introduction2	C–C Bond Cleavage2.1	Homogeneous Catalyst2.1.1	N-Centered Radical2.2.2	O-Centered Radical2.2	Heterogeneous Catalyst3	C=C Bond Cleavage3.1	Homogeneous Catalyst3.2	Heterogeneous Catalyst4	C≡C Bond Cleavage4.1	Homogeneous Catalyst4.2	Heterogeneous Catalyst5	Conclusion
Heterocyclic Mechanophores in Polymer Mechanochemistry
Authors: Yoon Hyo Jae , Jung Sangmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis Account covers the recent progress made on heterocyclic mechanophores in the field of polymer mechanochemistry. In particular, the types of such mechanophores as well as the mechanisms and applications of their force-induced structural transformations are discussed and related perspectives and future challenges proposed.1	Introduction2	Types of Mechanophores3	Methods to Incorporate Heterocycle Mechanophores into Polymer Systems4	Mechanochemical Reactions of Heterocyclic Mechanophores4.1	Three-Membered-Ring Mechanophores4.2	Four-Membered-Ring Mechanophores4.3	Six-Membered-Ring Mechanophores4.4	Bicyclic Mechanophores5	Applications5.1	Cross-Linking of Polymer5.2	Degradable Polymer5.3	Mechanochromic Polymer6	Concluding Remarks and Outlook
Anastomotic Troubleshooting
Authors: Sell Naomi M. , Francone Todd D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnastomotic leak remains a critical and feared complication in colorectal surgery. The development of a leak can be catastrophic for a patient, resulting in overall increased morbidity and mortality. To help mitigate this risk, there are several ways to assess and potentially validate the integrity of a new anastomosis to give the patient the best chance of avoiding this postoperative complication. A majority of anastomoses will appear intact with no obvious sign of anastomotic dehiscence on gross examination. However, each anastomosis should be interrogated before the conclusion of an operation. The most common method to assess for an anastomotic leak is the air leak test (ALT). The ALT is a safe intraoperative method utilized to test the integrity of left-sided colon and rectal anastomoses and most importantly allows the ability to repair a failed test before concluding the operation. Additional troubleshooting is sometimes needed due to technical difficulties with the circular stapler. Problems, such as incomplete doughnuts and stapler misfiring, do occur and each surgeon should be prepared to address them.
Anastomotic Leak after Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Guyton Kristina , Kearney David , Holubar Stefan D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are special considerations when treating anastomotic leak after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis. The epidemiology, risk factors, anatomic considerations, diagnosis and management, as well as the short- and long-term consequences to the patient are unique to this patent population. Additionally, there are specific concerns such as “tip of the J” leaks, transanal management of anastomotic leak/presacral sinus, functional outcomes after leak, and considerations of redo pouch procedures.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Dry Mouth Sensation, and Level of Anxiety in Elderly Patients Rehabilitated with New Removable Dentures
Authors: Bannwart Lisiane Cristina , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , da Silva Paiva Cristina Aparecida , de Araújo Moreno Nathaly Vilene , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of new complete dentures (CDs) and new removable partial dentures (RPDs) on oral health-related quality of life, dry mouth sensation, and anxiety level of their wearers.
Materials and Methods In total, 20 complete edentulous patients (in both arches) that needed to be rehabilitated with new CDs, and 20 partial edentulous patients (in both arches) that needed to be rehabilitated with new RPDs, were included in this study. Each patient must wear the same pair of CDs or RPDs for more than 5 years. Oral health-related quality of life, dry mouth sensation, and level of anxiety were assessed by using the following questionnaires: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), VAS (Visual Analog Scale) Xerostomia Questionnaire, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). These questionnaires were applied before oral rehabilitation (initially initial time point) and 3 months after insertion of new dentures (end time point).
Statistical Analysis For the results of STAI-State, STAI-Trait, and GOHAI, the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the time points. For the results of the VAS xerostomia questionnaire, two-way repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) was applied, followed by the Tukey test. The p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results/Conclusion For both groups, it was observed that 3 months after the insertion of new removable dentures: (1) there was an increase in oral health-related quality of life; (2) there was a reduction in anxiety (trait anxiety and state anxiety); and (3) there was a perception of greater salivation.