bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ni(II) Schiff‐Base Complexes as Chiral Electroauxiliaries and Methodological Platform for Stereoselective Electrochemical Functionalization of Amino Acids
Authors: Magdesieva T. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe concept of chiral electroauxiliary based on the redox active chiral platform to perform transformations of a redox inactive substrate is suggested and discussed in the context of the targeted stereoselective electrochemical functionalization of amino acids. Tailor‐made amino acids are essential structural features of modern medicinal chemistry and drug design; the development of efficient synthetic approaches to these compounds is of topical interest. The modified substrate (an amino acid) is included as a structural motif in the redox active complex (with a possibility to be released after modification) that integrates “a bifunctional linker” (the structural motif capable to “catch” a substrate) and a chiral moiety responsible for asymmetry induction. The amino acid, being included as a part of such ensemble, becomes stable towards redox destruction and its targeted electrochemical modification saving the amino acid skeleton is possible, thus developing new modes of reactivity for well‐known compounds.
Preconcentration and chromatographic detection of atrazine in real water sample using aqueous two‐phase system based on tetrahydrofuran and glycerol
Authors: Buarque Filipe S. , Lima Nayara S. , Soares Cleide M. F. , Marques Maria N. , Cavalcanti Eliane B. , Pereira Matheus M. , Souza Ranyere L. , Lima Álvaro S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental contamination by atrazine leads to serious environmental impact. The low concentrations of atrazine in aqueous media render its identification and quantification difficult. In this context, aqueous two‐phase systems based on tetrahydrofuran (THF) + glycerol were tested as simultaneous recovery and preconcentration platforms of atrazine from real water samples. The phase diagrams were determined, and it was reported that the phase separation ability largely depends on the number of hydroxyl groups present in each polyol. Posteriorly, the atrazine was partitioned to the THF‐rich phase and presented recovery values between 70.9 (KATZ = 2.9) and 96.5% (KATZ = 15.2). The computational predictive method (COSMO‐RS) was used, aiming to confirm the atrazine partitioning for the THF‐rich phase. In addition, a 250‐fold preconcentration factor was achieved using a mixture point of 3.27 wt% of THF + 93.98 wt% of glycerol + 2.75 wt% of real water sample. This preconcentration factor and subsequent use of UFLC‐TOF permitted the identification and quantification of atrazine in real samples of water collected in the hydrographic basin from the Japaratuba River, in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. The protocol presented values of 95‒2400 ng L−1 of atrazine with a limit of detection of 50 ng L−1.
R
2 corrected AdS2 holography
Authors: Aniceto Pedro , Cardoso Gabriel Lopes , Nampuri Suresh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We approach the problem of constructing an explicit holographic dictionary for the AdS2/CFT1 correspondence in the context of higher derivative gravitational actions in AdS2 space-times. These actions are obtained by an S2 reduction of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Wilsonian effective actions with Weyl squared interactions restricted to constant scalar backgrounds. BPS black hole near-horizon space-times fall into this class of backgrounds, and by identifying the boundary operators dual to the bulk fields, we explicitly show how the Wald entropy of the BPS black hole is holographically encoded in the anomalous transformation of the operator dual to a composite bulk field. Additionally, using a 2d/3d lift, we show that the CFT holographically dual to AdS2 is naturally embedded in the chiral half of the CFT2 dual to the AdS3 space-time, and we identify the specific operator in CFT1 that encodes the chiral central charge of the CFT2.
Charged lepton flavor violation at the EIC
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Fuyuto Kaori , Lee Christopher , Mereghetti Emanuele , Yan Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the potential sensitivity of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) to charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) in the channel ep→τX, within the model-independent framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We compute the relevant cross sections to leading order in QCD and electroweak corrections and perform simulations of signal and SM background events in various τ decay channels, suggesting simple cuts to enhance the associated estimated efficiencies. To assess the discovery potential of the EIC in τ-e transitions, we study the sensitivity of other probes of this physics across a broad range of energy scales, from pp→eτX at the Large Hadron Collider to decays of B mesons and τ leptons, such as τ→eγ, τ→eℓ+ℓ−, and crucially the hadronic modes τ→eY with Y∈π, K, ππ, Kπ, …. We find that electroweak dipole and four-fermion semi-leptonic operators involving light quarks are already strongly constrained by τ decays, while operators involving the c and b quarks present more promising discovery potential for the EIC. An analysis of three models of leptoquarks confirms the expectations based on the SMEFT results. We also identify future directions needed to maximize the reach of the EIC in CLFV searches: these include an optimization of the τ tagger in hadronic channels, an exploration of background suppression through tagging b and c jets in the final state, and a global fit by turning on all SMEFT couplings, which will likely reveal new discovery windows for the EIC.
No inner-horizon theorem for black holes with charged scalar hairs
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Li Li , Yang Run-Qiu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe establish a no inner-horizon theorem for black holes with charged scalar hairs. Considering a general gravitational theory with a charged scalar field, we prove that there exists no inner Cauchy horizon for both spherical and planar black holes with non-trivial scalar hair. The hairy black holes approach to a spacelike singularity at late interior time. This result is independent of the form of scalar potentials as well as the asymptotic boundary of spacetimes. We prove that the geometry near the singularity takes a universal Kasner form when the kinetic term of the scalar hair dominates, while novel behaviors different from the Kasner form are uncovered when the scalar potential become important to the background. For the hyperbolic horizon case, we show that hairy black hole can only has at most one inner horizon, and a concrete example with an inner horizon is presented. All these features are also valid for the Einstein gravity coupled with neutral scalars.
Data analytics using statistical methods and machine learning: a case study of power transfer units
Authors: Sheuly Sharmin Sultana , Barua Shaibal , Begum Shahina , Ahmed Mobyen Uddin , Güclü Ekrem , Osbakk Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensors can produce large amounts of data related to products, design, and materials; however, it is important to use the right data for the right purposes. Therefore, detailed analysis of data accumulated from different sensors in production and assembly manufacturing lines is necessary to minimize faulty products and understand the production process. Additionally, when selecting analytical methods, manufacturing companies must select the most suitable techniques. This paper presents a data analytics approach to extract useful information, such as important measurements for the dimensions of a shim, a small part for aligning shafts, from the manufacturing data of a power transfer unit (PTU). This paper also identifies the best techniques and analytical approaches within the following six individual areas: (1) identifying measurements associated with faults; (2) identifying measurements associated with shim dimensions; (3) identifying associations between station codes; (4) predicting shim dimensions; (5) identifying duplicate samples in faulty data; and (6) identifying error distributions associated with measurement. These areas are analysed in accordance with two analytical approaches: (a) statistical analysis and (b) machine learning (ML)-based analysis. The results show (a) the relative importance of measurements with regard to the faulty unit and shim dimensions, (b) the error distribution of measurements, and (c) the reproduction rate of faulty units. Additionally, both statistical analysis and ML-based analysis have shown that the measurement ‘PTU housing measurement’ is the most important measurement among available shim dimensions. Additionally, certain faulty stations correlated with one another. ML is shown to be the most suitable technique in three areas (e.g. identifying measurements associated with faults), while statistical analysis is sufficient for the other three areas (e.g. identifying measurements associated with shim dimensions) because they do not require a complex analytical model. This study provides a clearer understanding of assembly line production and identifies highly correlated and significant measurements of a faulty unit.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias in dual-layer spectral CT
Authors: Brandelik S. C. , Skornitzke S. , Mokry T. , Sauer S. , Stiller W. , Nattenmüller J. , Kauczor H. U. , Weber T. F. , Do T. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Virtual non-calcium (VNCa) images could improve assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias by enhancing visibility of bone marrow. Thus, VNCa images from dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) were evaluated at different calcium suppression (CaSupp) indices, correlating results with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from MRI.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with initial clinical diagnosis of a plasma cell dyscrasia before any chemotherapeutic treatment, who had undergone whole-body low-dose DLCT and MRI within 2 months, were retrospectively enrolled. VNCa images with CaSupp indices ranging from 25 to 95 in steps of 10, conventional CT images, and ADC maps were quantitatively analyzed using region-of-interests in the vertebral bodies C7, T12, L1-L5, and the iliac bone. Independent two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, Pearson’s correlation, and ROC analysis were performed.

Results
Eighteen patients had a non-diffuse, 14 a diffuse infiltration in conventional MRI. A significant difference between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration was shown for VNCa-CT with CaSupp indices from 55 to 95, for conventional CT, and for ADC (each p < 0.0001). Significant quantitative correlation between VNCa-CT and MRI could be found with strongest correlation at CaSupp index 65 for L3 (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001) and averaged L1-L5 (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001). The optimum CT number cut-off point for differentiation between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration at CaSupp index 65 for averaged L1-L5 was −1.6 HU (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 75.0%).

Conclusion
Measurements in VNCa-CT showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 65. VNCa technique may prove useful for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration if MRI is not feasible.

Key Points
• VNCa-CT images can support the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in plasma cell dyscrasias.
• VNCa measurements of vertebral bodies show significant correlation with ADC in MRI.
• Averaging L1-L5 at CaSupp index 65 allowed quantitative detection of infiltration comparable to MRI ADC.
Update Vorhofflimmern: Die ESC-Leitlinien 2020 sowie aktuelle Daten zur frühen antiarrhythmischen Therapie
Authors: Schleberger Ruben , Rillig Andreas , Kirchhof Paulus , Metzner Andreas , Reissmann Bruno 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungVorhofflimmern geht mit einer beträchtlichen Belastung für Patienten und das Gesundheitssystem einher. Jeder dritte heute 55-Jährige wird zeitlebens an Vorhofflimmern erkranken. Trotz Verbesserungen des Managements von Vorhofflimmern verbleibt ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse. Die neuen Vorhofflimmer-Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology stellen ein integratives Therapiekonzept in den Mittelpunkt. Der neue Therapie- und Diagnosealgorithmus „CC to ABC“ umfasst sowohl Diagnosestellung („confirm“) und Klassifizierung („characterise“) als auch Therapie („avoid stroke“, „better symptom control“, „comorbidities“). Neue orale Antikoagulanzien stehen unter Anwendung des CHA2DS2-VASC-Scores im Zentrum der Vorbeugung von Schlaganfällen. Neben der Frequenzregulierung werden rhythmuserhaltende Maßnahmen wie die medikamentöse antiarrhythmische Therapie oder die Katheterablation mit prognostischer Relevanz für bestimmten Patientengruppen empfohlen. Die Adressierung von Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten wie arterielle Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus, Adipositas und Schlafapnoe wirkt ergänzend und sollte Teil jedes Behandlungskonzepts sein. Die im August 2020 publizierte EAST-AFNET 4-Studie zeigt als erste große randomisierte Studie, dass die frühe rhythmuserhaltende Therapie zusätzlich zur leitlinienbasierten Vorhofflimmertherapie zur Vermeidung von kardiovaskulärem Tod und Schlaganfällen beiträgt. In Anbetracht der Sicherheit von Antiarrhythmika und Katheterablation sollte die frühe Einleitung einer rhythmuserhaltenden Therapie bei allen Patienten in den ersten Monaten nach der Erstdiagnose von Vorhofflimmern erwogen werden, um positive Effekte nicht zu verpassen.
Experience from Asian centers in a named-patient-use program for afatinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who had progressed following prior therapies, including patients with uncommon EGFR mutations
Authors: Chang Gee-Chen , Lam David Chi-Leung , Tsai Chun-Ming , Chen Yuh-Min , Shih Jin-Yuan , Aggarwal Shyam , Wang Shuhang , Kim Sang-We , Kim Young-Chul , Wahid Ibrahim , Li Rubi , Lim Darren Wan-Teck , Sriuranpong Virote , Chan Raymond Tsz-Tong , Lorence Robert M. , Carriere Philippe , Raabe Christina , Cseh Agnieszka , Park Keunchil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated outcomes among patients with advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated at Asian centers participating in the global named-patient-use (NPU) program for afatinib.

Methods
Patients had progressed after initial benefit with erlotinib or gefitinib, and/or had an EGFR or HER2 mutation, had no other treatment options, and were ineligible for afatinib trials. The recommended starting dose of afatinib was 50 mg/day. Dose modifications were allowed, and afatinib was continued as long as deemed beneficial. Response and survival information was provided voluntarily. Safety reporting was mandatory.

Results
2242 patients (26% aged ≥ 70 years, 96% with adenocarcinoma) received afatinib at centers in 10 Asian countries. Most were heavily pre-treated, including prior treatment with erlotinib or gefitinib. Of 1281 patients tested, 1240 had EGFR mutations (common: 1034/1101; uncommon: 117/1101). There were no new safety signals, the most common adverse events being rash and diarrhea. Objective response rate (ORR) was 24% overall (n = 431 with data available), 27% for patients with common EGFR mutations (n = 230) and 28% for those with uncommon mutations (n = 32); median time to treatment failure (TTF) in these groups was 7.6 months (n = 1550), 6.4 months (n = 692) and 8.4 months (n = 83), respectively. In patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions (n = 23) and HER2 mutations (n = 12), median TTF exceeded 12 months.

Conclusions
Patient outcomes in this study were similar to those reported in the analysis of the global NPU. Afatinib achieved clinical benefits in patients with refractory NSCLC. ORR and TTF were similar between patients with tumors harboring uncommon and common EGFR mutations.
On two product form modifications for finite overflow systems
Authors: van Dijk Nico , Schilstra Barteld 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOverflow mechanisms can be found in a variety of queueing models. This paper studies a simple and generic overflow system that allows the service times to be both job type and station dependent. This system does not exhibit a product form. To justify simple product form computations, two product form modifications are given, as by a so-called call packing principle and by a stop protocol. The provided proofs are self-contained and straightforward for the exponential case and of merit by itself. Next, it is numerically studied whether and when, or under which conditions, the modifications lead to a reasonable approximation of the blocking probability, if not an ordering. The numerical results indicate that call packing provides a rather accurate approximation when the overflow station is not heavily utilized. Moreover, when overflowed jobs have an equal or faster service rate, the approximation is consistently found to be pessimistic, which can be useful for practical purposes. The stop protocol, in contrast, appears to be less accurate for most natural situations. Nevertheless, for an extreme situation the order might change. In addition, for the stop protocol the product form is proven to be insensitive (i.e. to also apply for arbitrary non-exponential service times). For call packing, this numerically appears not to be the case, as of interest by itself. However, from a practical viewpoint the sensitivity seems light. The results are intriguing for both theoretical and practical further research.
Patterns of overall mortality by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in insured cancer patients in Southern California
Authors: Cooper Robert M. , Chung Joanie , Hogan Tiffany , Haque Reina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the influence of race/ethnicity and geocoded socioeconomic status (SES) on all-cause mortality in cancer patients with health insurance.

Methods
We identified adults diagnosed with eight common cancers from 2009 to 2014 from the California Cancer Registry and followed them through 2017 (8 years maximum). We calculated person-year mortality rates by race/ethnicity and SES. Adjusted hazard ratios for the association between overall mortality and race/ethnicity and SES were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models accounting for other demographics, stage at diagnosis, and cancer treatments.

Results
A total of 164,197 adults were diagnosed with cancer originating from breast, prostate, lung, colon, skin melanoma, uterus, kidney, and bladder. For all race/ethnic groups combined, the mortality rates from lowest to highest SES groups were 112.1/1000 PY (lowest); 100.2/1000 PY (lower-middle); 91.2/1000 PY (middle); 79.1/1000 PY (upper-middle); and 63.5/1000 PY (upper). These rates suggest that person with lowest SES have a markedly increased mortality risk after cancer diagnosis even if they have health insurance. In multivariable analyses, those in the lowest SES group had a 40–78% increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those in the upper SES group across all race/ethnicities. For example, within African Americans, the adjusted mortality risk was up to 61% higher (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.41–1.83) in the lowest SES group compared to the highest SES group.

Conclusion
This study suggests disparities in overall mortality risk after cancer diagnoses persist even in a cohort with health insurance, and that SES is an important driver of this disparity.
Digital social entrepreneurship: the N-Helix response to stakeholders’ COVID-19 needs
Authors: Ibáñez María J. , Guerrero Maribel , Yáñez-Valdés Claudia , Barros-Celume Sebastián 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explores the emergence of a new entrepreneurship phenomenon (digital social entrepreneurship) as a result of the collaboration among many agents (N-Helix), given the government’s limited capacity to respond to the stakeholders’ needs satisfaction related to an exogenous event (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Our theory development is based on three ongoing academic debates related to (a) the unrepresentativeness of the stakeholder theory in entrepreneurship research; (b) the emergence of digital social entrepreneurship (DSE) as a bridge between stakeholders’ needs, socio-economic actors, and digital-social initiatives; and (c) the role of N-Helix collaborations to facilitate the emergence of global knowledge-intensive initiatives and the rapid adoptions of open innovations. Our results support our assumptions about the positive mediation effect of DSE in the relationship between N-Helix collaborations and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Notably, results show how pandemic has intensified these relationships and how DSE in N-Helix collaborations can generate social impacts globally. Some implications for policy-makers have emerged from our results that should be considered during/post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Judicial Decision-Making, Ideology and the Political: Towards an Agonistic Theory of Adjudication
Authors: Mańko Rafał 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present paper puts forward a first outline of a possible agonistic theory of adjudication, conceived of as an extension of Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic theory of democracy onto the domain of the juridical, and specifically, judicial decision-making. Mouffe’s concept of the political as the dimension of inherent and unalienable conflicts (antagonisms) which, nonetheless, need to be tamed for a pluralist democracy to function, creates an excellent vantage point for a critical theory of adjudication. The paper argues for perceiving all judicial decisions as having a double nature—juridical and political. Cloaked in legal form, judgments nonetheless decide on individual instances of on-going collective conflicts, opposing workers to employers, consumers to traders, tenants to landlords, moral progressives to traditionalists, minorities to majorities and so forth. Judges, when handing down judgments, enjoy a ‘relative sovereignty’, being always already inscribed into the institutional imperatives of the juridical, on one hand, and ideological influences, on the other, but at the same time called upon to decide in the terrain of the undecidable and contingent (after all, law does not ‘apply itself’ on its own). Indeed the determinacy of legal decisions is only relative: in many cases judges can, by performing a sufficient amount of legal interpretive work, reach a conclusion which will be different from theprima facieinterpretation. The collective conflicts of a various nature (economic, ideological, socio-political), once they are juridified, become the object of judicial decisions which, in light of Mouffe’s theory, can be seen as temporary hegemonic fixations. The goal of critical legal scholarship is to destabilise such hegemonies in the name of justice. This can be done not only through an external critique of the law, but also through an internal one. The methodological approach advanced in the latter part of the paper emphasises the need for a critique of judicial decisions based on the consideration of all possible alternative decisions a court could have reached, and their evaluation in the light of conflicting interests and ideologies.