bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaloid leonurine exerts anti‐inflammatory effects via modulating MST1 expression in trophoblast cells
Authors: Zong Fang , Zhao Yingzi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPre‐eclampsia (PE) is mainly attributed to the inflammation of trophoblast cells in pregnant women, which results in damage to the maternal organs and growth retardation of the fetus. Alkaloid leonurine (LNR) is a plant compound and has anti‐inflammatory effects. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of LNR on human and mouse trophoblast cells and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe levels of the inflammatory factors in trophoblast cells under lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation were analyzed with ELISA. Western blot was employed to examine the protein expression. Trophoblast cells in Mammalian ste20‐like kinase 1 (MST1−/−) or wild type (WT) mice were isolated to examine the expression of signal molecules in the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. Concentration‐dependent activity of NF‐κB was examined. The regulation of LNR and MST1 in MST1−/− trophoblast cells was studied as well.ResultsOur data showed that LNR exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects and suppressed the NF‐κB signaling by inhibiting LPS‐induced inflammation in trophoblast cells. LNR upregulated the expression of MST1, and the anti‐inflammatory role of LNR was greatly relieved in MST1‐knockout trophoblast cells, although it displayed weak roles in NF‐κB signaling.ConclusionLNR exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects on human and mouse trophoblast cells by upregulating MST1 in the NF‐κB signal pathway.
Multienvironment evaluation of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines for turf performance via a mixed‐models approach
Authors: Pereira Carlos Henrique , Paudel Dev , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Unruh Joseph Bryan , Quesenberry Kenneth , Kenworthy Kevin , Rios Esteban 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSt. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a turfgrass extensively used in managed landscapes in Florida and throughout the southeastern United States. To develop cultivars with broad adaptation, it is necessary to understand the effect of genotype × environment interactions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters in St. Augustinegrass for coverage, turf quality (TQ), and turf color (TC) in a multienvironment trial across five locations in Florida (Arcadia, Hague, Citra, Cocoa Beach, and Jay) evaluated over 5 yr (2011–2016). The experiment consisted of 26 advanced breeding lines, and four cultivars: ‘Floraverde’, ‘SS‐100’ (Palmetto®), ‘NUF‐76’ (Captiva®), and ‘Floratam’. Trials were arranged as randomized complete block designs with three replications. Linear mixed models with repeated measures were implemented in ASReml‐R. Significant differences were observed among genotypes. The estimates of genotype‐mean broad‐sense heritabilities ranged from 0.37 to 0.96 for coverage, 0.00 to 0.37 for TC, and 0.27 to 0.93 for TQ. Genotypic correlations ranged from 0.05 to 0.90 for coverage, 0.48 to 0.69 for TC, and 0.35 to 0.83 for TQ, indicating stable genotypic performance for TQ and TC between locations. For coverage, most genotypes clustered together, whereas greater genotypic variability was observed for TQ and TC. Genotypes ‘04‐4‐1‐4‐6’ and ‘FSA1602’ showed the best overall performance across the different traits analyzed for most locations and both genotypes are recommended for further use in future crosses in the breeding program. FSA1602 was recently released as FSA1602 and is being commercialized under the trademark CitraBlue®.
miR‐126 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non‐small lung cancer cells via AKT2/HK2 axis
Authors: Huang Bin , Wu Gongzhi , Peng Chongxiong , Peng Xuyang , Huang Mingjiang , Ding Jianyang , Zhang Huaizhong , Wu Xuhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study tended to clarify the role of miR‐126 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell biological behaviors in vitro, containing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. miRNA expression microarray related to NSCLC was accessed from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and subjected to differential analysis using the “limma” package. Real‐time quantitative PCR was conducted to assess the expression of miR‐126 in NSCLC cell lines. wIn vitro experiments including 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry assay were used for evaluating the effect of miR‐126 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Additionally, target mRNA for miR‐126 was predicted and further validated by bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assay, respectively. It suggested that miR‐126 was significantly down‐regulated in NSCLS based on the expression microarray, and similar expression trend was exhibited in cancer cell lines. In the meantime, overexpression of miR‐126 was found to result in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promotion of cell apoptosis, with reductions in protein expression of AKT2 and phosphorylated HK2 (p‐HK2) as well. AKT2, identified to be a direct target of miR‐126 in NSCLC as judged by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, overexpression of AKT2 was observed to have the ability of elevating p‐HK2 protein expression and reversing the effect of miR‐126 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Given the above findings, we can see that miR‐126 exerts its role in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis with the aid of AKT2/HK2 axis.
Implementation strategy for teaching the pharmacists' patient care process to first year student pharmacists
Authors: Bacci Jennifer L. , Odegard Peggy , Jefferson Curtis G. , Blanchard Carrie M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) name, define, and operationalize an implementation strategy utilized to teach the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) within a first‐year pharmacy practice course series and (2) evaluate the strategy's impact on students' self‐reported competence in providing the PPCP and subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) note performance.MethodsThe implementation strategy was described using the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) terminology and the reporting recommendations developed by Proctor and colleagues. The implementation strategy consisted of developing educational material and conducting training via 7 in‐class workshops and auditing and providing feedback via a 6‐part longitudinal assignment. The validated Comprehensive Medication Management Patient Care Process Fidelity Assessment (CMM PCPFA) was adapted to the educational context and administered to students in March 2020 after completion of the course series to retrospectively assess their self‐perceived change in competence in providing the PPCP. Items were aggregated at the essential function (EF) level. Mean retrospective pre and post EF scores were compared using paired sample t‐tests. Students' performance on SOAP note submissions were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOne hundred seven students (98%) completed the adapted CMM PCPFA and were included in this analysis. The paired t tests showed a statistically significant change in students' self‐reported competence for each essential function. The mean individual student score on their SOAP note was 87.6% ± 11%.ConclusionsFindings suggest the implementation strategy was successful in increasing students' perceived competence in providing the PPCP. Employing an effective implementation strategy across pharmacy curricula is key to developing competent pharmacists and consistency in patient care delivery in practice.
Macrophage depletion increases target specificity of bone‐targeted nanoparticles
Authors: Ackun‐Farmmer Marian A. , Xiao Baixue , Newman Maureen R. , Benoit Danielle S.W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite efforts to achieve tissue selectivity, the majority of systemically administered drug delivery systems (DDSs) are cleared by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) before reaching target tissues regardless of disease or injury pathology. Previously, we showed that while tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) binding peptide (TBP)‐targeted polymeric nanoparticles (TBP‐NP) delivering a bone regenerative Wnt agonist improved NP fracture accumulation and expedited healing compared with controls, there was also significant MPS accumulation. Here we show that TBP‐NPs are taken up by liver, spleen, lung, and bone marrow macrophages (Mϕ), with 76 ± 4%, 49 ± 11%, 27 ± 9%, and 92 ± 5% of tissue‐specific Mϕ positive for NP, respectively. Clodronate liposomes (CLO) significantly depleted liver and spleen Mϕ, resulting in 1.8‐fold and 3‐fold lower liver and spleen and 1.3‐fold and 1.6‐fold greater fracture and naïve femur accumulation of TBP‐NP. Interestingly, depletion and saturation of MPS using 10‐fold greater TBP‐NP doses also resulted in significantly higher TBP‐NP accumulation at lungs and kidneys, potentially through compensatory clearance mechanisms. The higher NP dose resulted in greater TBP‐NP accumulation at naïve bone tissue; however, other MPS tissues (i.e., heart and lungs) exhibited greater TBP‐NP accumulation, suggesting uptake by other cell types. Most importantly, neither Mϕ depletion nor saturation strategies improved fracture site selectivity of TBP‐NPs, possibly due to a reduction of Mϕ‐derived osteoclasts, which deposit the TRAP epitope. Altogether, these data support that MPS‐mediated clearance is a key obstacle in robust and selective fracture accumulation for systemically administered bone‐targeted DDS and motivates the development of more sophisticated approaches to further improve fracture selectivity of DDS.
Betaine downregulates microRNA 34a expression via a p53‐dependent manner in cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Hussein Rasha M. , Al‐Dalain Saed M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity limits its wide application as a chemotherapeutic drug. Betaine is a natural trimethylglycine compound involved in several biological reactions. In this study, the protective effect of betaine against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity through modulating the expression of microRNA 34a (miRNA 34a), p53, apoptosis, and inflammation was investigated. Adult Wistar rats were divided into normal group (received vehicle); betaine group (received 250 mg betaine/kg BW/day via oral gavage from Day 1 to Day 25); cisplatin group (received a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin at 5 mg/kg BW on Day 21) and betaine + cisplatin group (received the same doses of betaine and cisplatin). The results demonstrated that the cisplatin group exhibited severe kidney tissue damage and an increase in blood creatinine and urea levels. Furthermore, the cisplatin group showed a significant upregulation of miRNA 34a and higher levels of phospho‐p53, caspase 3, cytochrome c, NFkB, and IL‐1β compared to the normal group. Remarkably, the betaine + cisplatin group showed significantly decreased blood creatinine and urea concentrations, decreased levels of miRNA 34a, phospho‐p53, caspase 3, cytochrome c, NFkB, and IL‐1β as well as improved kidney tissue integrity compared to the cisplatin group. In conclusion, cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats was associated with upregulation of miRNA 34a expression, apoptosis, and inflammation in p53‐dependent manner. These effects were reversed by betaine administration that ultimately improved the kidney function and tissue integrity.
β‐Caryophyllene induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation by deregulation of STAT‐3/mTOR/AKT signaling in human bladder cancer cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Liao Bo , Zhu Pingyu , Cheng Shulin , Du Zhongbo , Jiang Guo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the antitumor effect of β‐caryophyllene (BCP) on two different cell lines of T24 and 5637 human bladder cancer (BC) cells and its potential molecular mechanisms in inhibition of STAT‐3/mTOR/AKT signaling pathways and the inductive process of apoptosis mechanism. The results indicated that BCP showed significant cytotoxicity in BC T24 and 5637 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and IC50 values were 40 µg/ml in the BC cells T24 and 5637. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and apoptosis induction were significantly developed, but the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) decreased on BCP treatment as detected by the fluorescence method. Moreover, cell migration was markedly reduced in BCP and Bax, Bcl‐2 mRNA expression was modified. Finally, it was found that the STAT‐3, mTOR, and AKT protein expressions were suppressed via inhibition of cytotoxicity in T24 and 5637 cells. Therefore, we finally concluded that BCP is an effective treatment against BC T24 and 5637 cells, and it has great chemotherapeutic potential for further bladder carcinoma treatment.
Emission spectra from the 5D1 excited state of the compounds containing Eu3+
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ting , Song Chih‐Yi , Lii Kwang‐Hwa , Chang Bor‐Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExcitation, photoluminescence, and time‐resolved emission spectra of the Eu3+‐containing compounds, YxEu2‐x(CHDC)3, Eu(NO3)3·5H2O, and Eu2O3 were obtained. The coordination polymers, R2(C8H10O4)3, (R = Eu or Y), were synthesized by mid‐temperature hydrothermal technique with the 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate (C8H10O4, CHDC) ligands. Blue‐shift emission signals were observed in the emission spectra of these Eu3+‐containing compounds at 561 nm excitation. Power dependence and temperature dependence experiments indicate the blue‐shift emission results from one‐photon hot band transition to the 5D1 excited state. The Eu3+ 5D1→7FJ emission decay curves and 5D0→7FJ emission rising curves of these compounds were acquired. The 5D1 state emission lifetimes are quite different in these compounds and are correlated with the 5D1 → 5D0 relaxation rates. Our analysis shows two possible (Eu3+‐Eu3+ and Eu3+‐CHDC) cross‐relaxation processes that relax 5D1 to 5D0 with different rates in these compounds.
Elucidating the structural, anticancer, and antibacterial traits of Punica granatum peel extracts‐mediated Ag and Ag/GO nanocomposites
Authors: J. Emima Jeronsia , R. Ragu , A. Jerline Mary , S. Jerome Das 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAg nanoparticles and Ag/GO nanocomposites have been synthesized by facile, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective green approach using the peel extracts of Punica granatum. The synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Graphene Oxide nanocomposites were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. AgNPs revealed spherical morphology with particle size ranging from 30 to 40 nm. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 35 nm being uniformly distributed over GO sheets. The surface plasmon band appears at 433 nm for AgNPs and 458 nm for Ag/GO nanocomposites. The green synthesized nanoparticles were found to have excellent antibacterial efficacy against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The results showed that Ag/GO nanocomposites showed better antibacterial activity than pure AgNPs with maximum inhibitory zone of 28 mm for Escherichia coli. This attributes to the role of GO sheets in preventing AgNPs from agglomerating and oxidizing. The anticancer activity of AgNPs and Ag/GO nanocomposites were tested against human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) which demonstrated a dose dependent activity with half minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 and 150 μg/ml.
A novel approach to estimate the abatement of ammonia emissions from mitigation techniques at farm‐scale slurry stores exemplified by a semifloating cover
Authors: Kupper Thomas , Eugster Roy , Sintermann Jörg , Neftel Albrecht , Häni Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) losses from livestock slurry stores substantially contribute to agricultural emissions to the atmosphere. Gas release from slurry storage facilities is driven by interactions between store operations and meteorological conditions. This study quantifies the abating effect of an impermeable semifloating cover as an emission mitigation technique at a farm‐scale slurry storage tank. Emissions were measured over 1 yr and compared with the preceding 2 yr of measurements with the uncovered tank. In this novel approach, emission data were aggregated to categories within 1 h measuring intervals according to five key factors influencing emissions (time span after agitation and tank‐filling level as surrogates for natural crust occurrence; the meteorological parameters precipitation, air temperature, and wind speed) for the two consecutive measurement campaigns with and without the cover. The emission abatement effect of the cover was determined by emission modeling of the entire measuring campaign based on measuring intervals of the uncovered and the covered tank where the aggregated categories of influencing factors were equal. The resulting average emission abatement was 48%. An average abatement of 37 and 54% was achieved during periods with and without a surface crust, respectively. The emission reduction was less with low tank filling level due to higher air exchange through openings of the cover. The presented approach is applicable to evaluate emission mitigation techniques for single farm‐scale stores. With adequate measurement duration, it is appropriate to produce reliable emission data reflecting the complex interactions between emissions and influencing factors occurring at real‐world storage facilities.
Evaluation of Weather Research and Forecasting model downscaled rainfall and its variability over India
Authors: Prathipati Vinay Kumar , Viswanadhapalli Yesubabu , Chennu Venkateswara Naidu , Dasari Hari Prasad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong‐term variations in the frequencies of different rainfall events during summer monsoon season (June through September) are analysed over a period of 38‐years (1980–2017) using the simulations of weather research and forecasting (WRF) model evaluated against the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Further, we have divided the study period into two sub‐periods such as before (1980–1998), and after the mega ENSO event (1999–2017). Our analysis suggests the WRF exhibits good skill in capturing the increased trends in the frequency of heavy and very heavy (extreme) rainfall events during the recent epoch (1999–2017).We have assessed the skill of WRF in capturing the observed probability distributions of daily rain rates over different sub‐regions of India. Our results depict that the downscaled products of WRF captured well the extreme rainfall as observed in IMD, signifying that this dynamically downscaled model with continuous 36‐hr re‐initialization makes it suitable to simulate extreme rainfall events compared to light rainfall event. However, our analysis reports that there is a slight overestimation in WRF rainfall and fails in capturing the light rainfall events compared to IMD. The overestimation of rainfall by WRF possibly be due to increased pressure gradients and enhances the convection in the upper streams and associated rainfall. Our study emphasizes that the variability in summer monsoon rainfall during the recent period is due to the changes in the monsoon circulations, particularly monsoon low‐level jet that leads to alter the moisture budget in terms of moisture convergence and transport. Moreover, the variability in frequencies of rainfall events are analysed for strong La Niña/El Niño years and observed an increase in extremes over major part of India during strong La Niña except over parts of Central India and NEI where strong El Niño dominates; which is well captured by the WRF model.
Nuclear factor‐kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotide‐loaded poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid nanospheres promote periodontal tissue healing after tooth replantation in rats
Authors: Li Kai , Ishida Yuji , Hatano‐Sato Kasumi , Ongprakobkul Narubhorn , Hosomichi Jun , Usumi‐Fujita Risa , Kaneko Sawa , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Ono Takashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive inflammation in the periodontal tissue after tooth replantation can lead to inflammatory root resorption and interrupt periodontal tissue regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that nuclear factor‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide‐loaded poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid nanospheres (NF‐PLGA) inhibit excessive inflammation and promote healing of periodontal tissue after replantation in rats.MethodsThe upper right incisors of rats were extracted, immersed in different specific solutions, and replanted. The rats were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days after replantation. Morphological evaluation with micro‐CT and histological assessment with hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed. Additionally, we examined the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) by performing immunohistological assessment.ResultsThe NF‐PLGA group showed significantly greater dental root thickness than the other experimental groups. Root resorption was not observed after the application of NF‐PLGA on day 7. The application of NF‐PLGA also resulted in a significantly lower number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts on days 7 and 14 after replantation. Significantly lower expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 and higher expression of TGF‐β1 and FGF‐2 were observed under the application of NF‐PLGA in the PDL.ConclusionsNF‐PLGA promoted the healing process by inhibiting the initial excessive inflammatory response in the PDL, preventing root resorption, and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. The findings also suggested that the PLGA nanospheres‐mediated transfection of the decoy oligodeoxynucleotides can be useful for the clinical application of replanted tooth root surfaces.
Twenty‐One for 2021: The Most Influential Papers in Laryngology Since 2000
Authors: Ryan Marisa A. , Brodsky Martin B. , Blumin Joel H. , Bock Jonathan M. , Carroll Thomas L. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Lechien Jerome R. , Ongkasuwan Julina , Simpson C. Blake , Akst Lee M. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the most influential publications in laryngology since 2000.Study DesignModified Delphi process.MethodsSamples of laryngologists drawn from editors of leading journals, organization officers, and thought leaders were invited to participate in a modified Delphi identification of influential laryngology papers. Influential was defined as follows: yielding meaningful practice changes, catalyzing further work as a foundation for an important topic, altering traditional views, or demonstrating durability over time. Quality and validity were not among the selection criteria. Each participant nominated 5 to 10 papers in Round 1. These nominations, augmented with papers from bibliometric analysis, were narrowed further in Round 2 as participants identified their top 20. The 40 papers with the most Round 2 votes were discussed by video conference and then subjected to Round 3 voting, with each participant again selecting their top 20 most influential papers. Final results were collated by the number of Round 3 votes.ResultsSixteen of 18 invited laryngologists participated overall (all 16 in Rounds 1 and 3; 14 in Round 2). Twenty‐one papers were identified as most influential. One paper appeared on all 16 Round 3 lists; three papers with eight (50%) votes each were lasted to make the list. Eleven of these 21 focused on voice; three each related to cancer, airway, and swallowing; and one encompassed all of these clinical areas.ConclusionsThis list of 21 influential laryngology papers serves to focus further research, provides perspective on recent advances within the field, and is an educational resource for trainees and practicing physicians.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:406–412, 2022