bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed-field agglutination observed in column agglutination testing is not always associated with the A3 subgroup
Authors: Anukul N. , Leetrakool N. , Tanan P. , Palacajornsuk P. , Klangsinsirikul P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mixed-field agglutination (MFA) can be observed in forward typing of samples from A3 individuals with serologic ABO typing methods. The results of column agglutination testing (CAT) and tube agglutination testing using different antibody clones can be discordant. In this report, we reveal our experience using polymerase chain reaction–sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) of ABO exon 7 to clarify serologic method discordance of A subgroup blood typing in Northern Thai donors. A total of 21 group A blood donors with either MFA or weak agglutination on routine ABO CAT were recalled. CAT was repeated with human and monoclonal anti-A, and tube agglutination testing with monoclonal anti-A and PCR-SBT of ABO exon 7 was performed. A total of 13 of the 21 donors returned, and ABO CAT with human anti-A was repeated. Eleven samples showed MFA suspected to be the A3 subgroup, and two samples showed 2+ strength suspected to be the Aweak subgroup. When tube agglutination testing using monoclonal antibody was performed, MFA was not observed in 9 of 11 samples with previously observed MFA from routine CAT, which were then interpreted as A2. From PCR-SBT performed in only exon 7 of the ABO gene, 7 of 13 sample results were consistent with ABO*A2 or ABO*AW alleles. Two samples suspected to be A2 or A3 had an ABO*AW allele. In two samples suspected to be Aweak, no mutation was detected in ABO exon 7, suggesting genetic variation elsewhere in the gene. Although other coding exons were not examined, in the alleles that could be assigned, ABO*A3 alleles were found less frequently than would be predicted from the serologic findings. These findings suggest that when MFA in routine CAT is observed, an A3 subgroup cannot be presumed. Caution should be exercised when MFA is noted in routine CAT.
Immunohematology

2018;34:49–56.
Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the Scianna, Dombrock, Colton, Landsteiner-Weiner, Chido/Rodgers, H, Kx, Cromer, Gerbich, Knops, Indian, and Ok blood group systems
Authors: Lejon Crottet S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article reviews information regarding the clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the Scianna, Dombrock, Colton, Landsteiner-Wiener, Chido/Rodgers, H, Kx, Cromer, Gerbich, Knops, Indian, and Ok blood group systems. Like most blood group systems, antibodies to many of the antigens in these groups are rarely encountered because of the high prevalence of the associated antigens in most populations. For many, the clinical significance—that is, the potential to cause reduced survival of transfused antigen-positive red blood cells or a transfusion reaction (e.g., anti-Ge2, anti-H) and/or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (e.g., anti-Coa, anti-Ge3)— has been documented. Some of these antibodies are not always clinically significant, and because of the high prevalence of the antigen, antigen-negative blood may be extremely difficult to find (e.g., anti-LW, anti-Inb). The use of a monocyte monolayer assay may be helpful when making transfusion decisions for patients with these antibodies. For others, their prevalence is so rare that information on the clinical significance of their antibodies is not available (e.g., anti-Co4, anti-Ok).
Immunohematology

2018;34:103–108.
A delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reaction mediated by anti-c in a patient with variant RH alleles
Authors: Walters T.K. , Lightfoot T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Rh system is the most complex of the human blood groups. Of the 55 antigens that have been characterized, the system’s principal antigens D, C, E, c, and e are responsible for the majority of clinically significant Rh antibodies. In the last few years, advancements in molecular testing have provided a wealth of information on the genetic diversity of the Rh locus. This case report describes a patient with variant RHD*DAR alleles inherited in conjunction with two compound heterozygote RHCE*ceEK/RHCE*ceAR alleles. The patient was previously alloimmunized to D, C, and E and possibly hrS. Further transfusion of D–C–E–K– RBCs resulted in a suspected acute hemolytic transfusion reaction and the subsequent identification of anti-c. Monocyte monolayer assay testing suggests clinical significance with a range of 29.5–38.5 percent reactive monocytes.
Immunohematology

2018;34:109-112.
An update on the GLOB blood group system (and former GLOB collection)
Authors: Ricci Hagman J. , Westman J.S. , Hellberg Å. , Olsson M.L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main change that has occurred in the GLOB blood group system since the GLOB review published in this journal in 2013 is the addition of an antigen. The high-prevalence PX2 antigen, originally recognized as the x2 glycosphingolipid, is expressed on red blood cells of most individuals and is elevated in the rare PP1Pk-negative p blood group phenotype. P synthase, encoded by B3GALNT1, was found to elongate paragloboside to PX2 by adding the terminal β3GalNAc moiety. Hence, PX2 was moved from the GLOB collection to the GLOB system. The presence of naturally-occurring anti-PX2 was noted in P1
k and P2
k individuals exhibiting nonfunctional P synthase. Although the clinical significance of this specificity remains unclear, a recommendation to avoid transfusing Pk patients with p phenotype blood has been made. Currently, 13 mutations at the highly conserved B3GALNT1 locus have been found to abolish P synthase function and are recognized as null alleles by the International Society of Blood Transfusion. A new allele with a missense mutation but resulting in normal expression of P has been assigned GLOB*02. Finally, the GLOB collection was made obsolete after the move of LKE antigen to the 901 series.
Immunohematology

2018;34:161–163.
Modern aspects of complex therapy for recurrent genital herpes
Authors: Tyutyunnik V. L. , Kan N. E. , Tyutyunnik N. V. , Soldatova E. Е. 
Published: April 2021

Incidence of reported cases of genital herpes in different countries has increased dramatically during the last years, which is essentially caused by spread of asymptomatic or atypical types of herpes. Frequent relapses of herpes infection are characterized by changes in the immunological status. The authors of presented article analysed the findings of foreign and domestic studies on the treatment of the disease, systematized information about the features of antiviral chemotherapy drugs used in the treat-ment of genital herpes, identified criteria for the efficacy and duration of suppressive therapy, and the feasibility of its combination with courses of immunomodulatory drugs. The article summarizes the authors’ own experience in the treatment of genital herpes in 50 patients, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: (active treatment) group 1 consisted of 25 women who received antiviral (acyclovir and its analogues) and immunomodulatory therapy (aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium, suppositories), (comparison) group 2 consisted of 25 patients who received antiviral therapy only. The following were criteria for the inclusion of patients: genital herpes history, clinical presentation of genital herpes during the prodromal period or exacerbation, and no more than 48 hours after the rash occurred.The results of evaluation of the treatment effectiveness showed that the vesicles disappeared and the crusts formed during aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium therapy in the active treatment group of patients as early as Day 2-5 after starting treatment, while the acute phase of local inflammation in the comparison group was reversed only by Day 4-5. Complete reepitheli-alization occurred in the active treatment and comparison groups by Day 6-7 of the treatment. At the same time, the PCR test did not detect HSV-2 in smears in 24 (96.0%) women in the active treatment group and in 25 (88.0%) women in the comparison group. No one had any fresh rashes in the course of treatment with the drug. In addition, the authors reported prolongation of clinical remission in the active treatment group up to 5 months (up to 55 days on average).As can be seen from the above, the inclusion of immunomodulatory drugs in the combination specific antiviral therapy leads to faster achievement of the clinical effect, allows to reduce frequency of relapses and improves the patients’ quality of life.
A challenge of fertility preservation in the setting of cervical cancer - a clinical case
Authors: Dmitrieva I. E. , Martirosyan Y. O. , Dzhanashvili L. G. , Dementyeva V. O. , Adamyan L. V. , Nazarenko T. A. 
Published: April 2021

The issue of fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer is getting more and more common considering the improved effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There is a number of evidence-based tactics available to the patients with diagnosed cervical cancer. These tactics have been proved effective and include methods such as ovarian transposition; oocyte, embryo and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Nonetheless, there are no existing medical algorithms to define the priority of actions that should be taken in such cases of restricted time. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight an existing concern towards the decision-making process regarding fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer.In this paper we report a clinical case of fertility preservation tactics in a patient undergone ovarian transposition. We pay attention to particular features of the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and oocyte retrieval process typical for such patients. The article discusses the subject of COS and oocyte retrieval effectiveness compared to patients who did not undergo ovarian transposition. The 35-year old patient presented 9 month after ovarian transposition to perform oocyte cryopreservation. As a result of COS 3 oocytes were aspirated, compared to 20 oocytes in another patient of comparable age and medical history, but with no ovarian transposition performed.Regarding particular conditions constraining ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval after ovarian transposition, we recommend to consider the possibility of performing oocyte/embryo cryopreservation before ovarian transposition in patients with cervical cancer. Prioritizing oocyte and embryo cryopreservation in case of having sufficient time before treatment could significantly improve possibilities of achieving genetically related offspring in a long-term perspective.
Hormonal profile of patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis
Authors: Safronova A. S. , Buralkina N. A. , Chuprynin V. D. , Ivanets T. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. About 30 to 50% of women with endometriosis complain of infertility. The incidence of infertility in all localizations of endometriosis is about 3-4 times higher than that in the general population.Objective of the study: estimate the hormonal profile of patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) based on the study of the level of AMH, FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol, prolactin in the serum of peripheral blood, conduct a comparative analysis of the level of these hormones between groups of patients with DIE and tuboperitoneal infertility.Materials and methods: the main study group consisted of 99 patients of reproductive age (from 18 to 40 years) with DIE, the comparison group consisted of 18 patients with tuboperitoneal infertility. The patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup IA - DIE with colorectal endometriosis (n = 63), subgroup IB - DIE without colorectal endometriosis (n = 36). AH patients underwent determination of the level of AMH, LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, prolactin in the serum of peripheral blood before surgery.Results and discussion: a significant decrease in AMH level was revealed in patients with DIE. The level of AMH in the main and comparison groups was 1.80 and 3.28 ng/ml, respectively (p = 0.01). At the same time, subgroup IA has a more decreased AMH level (1.37 ng/ml) than in the comparison group (p = 0.003). In subgroup IB (the median AMH level - 2.50 ng/ml) were no significant differences with the comparison group (p = 0.14). It was also noted that in the group of patients with colorectal endometriosis (subgroup IA) the percentage of patients with reduced ovarian reserve (AMH 0.01 - 1.0 ng / ml) was significantly higher than in the comparison group (30.2% versus 5, 6%, p = 0.03), there were no significant differences between the subgroups. There were no significant differences in the level of LH, FSH, E2, prolactin in serum between the groups (p> 0.05).Assessment of the level of anti-mullerian hormone, as the most accurate marker of ovarian reserve, revealed a significant decrease in AMH levels in patients with DIE, more decreased in the group of patients with colorectal endometriosis. Every 3rd patient with DIE had an AMH level of less than 1, which is a risk factor for a “poor” response to ovarian stimulation according to the Bologna criteria.Conclusion.A significant decrease in the level of serum AMH, along with a high percentage of previous surgeries for endometriosis, including ovarian resections, may be one of the factors in a decrease in the reproductive potential of patients with DIE.
Clinical and pathogenetic variants of fetal growth restriction with different periods of manifestation
Authors: Lipatov I. S. , Tezikov Yu. V. , Amosov M. S. , Zumorina E. M. 
Published: April 2021

The article presents data on the clinical and pathogenetic variants of fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR is one of the typical clinical manifestations of large obstetric syndromes, is associated with a high perinatal morbidity and has a significant impact on the quality and duration of human life. The emphasis is made on the differences in pathogenesis, the features of prediction, diagnosis, obstetric management and the assessment of perinatal outcomes in the early and late phenotype of the FGR. The review includes materials from domestic and foreign scientific literature that found in eLibrary and PubMed on this topic and published for the last 10 years. This article discusses the role of the formation of the embryo(feto)placental system under the influence of existing periconceptional risk factors in the implementation of various phenotypes of FGR. An analysis of the literature shows that the fetal growth potential, which genetically and epigenetically determined, changes during pregnancydepending on maternal, placental and fetal factors, which ultimately determine the final weight-growth parameters of the newborn. The issues of informativeness of clinical, laboratory and instrumental predictors, diagnostic criteria, the choice of rational obstetric management in case of FGR of various periods of manifestation are discussed in this article. Convincing data on the perinatal and long-term consequences of intrauterine growth restriction are presented. The pathogenetic variant of FGR determines the features of the functioning of the immune system, has a significant impact on the programming of metabolic and endocrine processes, the formation of fetal brain structures. Identification of pregnant women at risk for the development of FGR of various periods of manifestation, timely diagnosis, selection of the timing and method of delivery should correspond to the main directions of the "4P-model" of modern medicine and represent an integral predictive, preventive and personalized system of examination and observation based on evidence-based medicine data and the requirements of practical obstetrics and perinatology.
REVERBERAÇÕES DO PNAIC NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DA ALFABETIZADORA
Authors: Lapa de Aguiar Maria Aparecida 
Published: April 2021

O trabalho apresenta reflexões sobre a formação do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) e ancora-se em três questões: quais são os impactos de uma formação que abrange o território nacional, com suas peculiaridades? Como essa formação se materializa na realidade de cada escola? Qual é a concepção de alfabetização defendida nesse processo complexo e difuso? Não se tenciona ter respostas fechadas para tais questões, entretanto elas nos auxiliam a pensar sobre a defesa do direito à formação continuada, que se constitui como tempo/espaço de tomada de consciência sobre o fazer pedagógico e sobre a compreensão do papel da escola como potencializadora da formação humana integral.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review
Authors: Govindaraj Aravinthrajkumar , Dinesh S.P. Saravana 
Published: April 2021

Aim:The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed.Clinical Significance:The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible.Review of Literature:Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets.Results:The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish.Conclusion:Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.
Clarithromycin versus Amoxicillin alone or with Clavulanate in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Hoban Daryl J. , Nauta Jos 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
A meta-analysis was performed to explore the relative effects of clarithromycin and amoxicillin (with or without clavulanate potassium) in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis.

Methods:
Six studies were identified in the peer-reviewed literature. All were randomized single-blind (investigator-blind) or open-label trials in outpatients diagnosed with acute maxillary sinusitis. A total of 1580 patients were enrolled, of whom 1194 were clinically evaluable.
The total daily dose of clarithromycin was 1000 mg; the total daily dose of amoxicillin (with or without clavulanate potassium) was either 1500 or 2000 mg. The duration of study drug treatment varied from 8 to 14 days. Endpoints comprised clinical and radiological success within 48 h of the end of study drug treatment plus bacteriologic cure and eradication.
Success and cure rate differences were analyzed using fixed- and random-effect models. The absence of between-study heterogeneity was tested using Cochran’s Q-test.

Results:
Clinical success rates varied between 85.8% and 97.9% for clarithromycin and between 84.2% and 96.8% for amoxicillin. The combined rate difference in clinical success rates between clarithromycin and amoxicillin was +1.9% (P=0.14). Radiological success rates (four studies) varied from 78.2% to 94.0% for clarithromycin and 79.7% to 95.0% for amoxicillin, with a combined rate difference of zero (P=1.00). Bacteriologic cure rates (four studies) were 87.1–94.6% for clarithromycin, compared with 89.8–98.1% for amoxicillin, with a combined difference in cure rates of –3.2% (P=0.16). Overall bacterial eradication rates were comparable between the two treatments (clarithromycin, 89.3%; amoxicillin, 92.1%).

Conclusion:
These data, with their limitations properly acknowledged, identify clarithromycin as a valid and viable alternative to amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults.
Thinking for Three: Mothers’ and Fathers’ Narratives on Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Ghinassi Simon , Elmi Benedetta , Fioretti Chiara , Smorti Andrea , Tani Franca 
Published: April 2021

Background: The birth of the first child represents a challenging event in the new-parents' life. Although literature highlighted that this period is experienced in a different way by the new mothers and new fathers, little is known about the broader evolutionary challenge that the transition to parenthood entails, also due to the difficulty of starting to think for three.

Objective: The present study aims to explore the new-parents' autobiographical narratives after childbirth, to examine the meaning they construct of this event, and investigate the differences between the experience of new mothers and new fathers.

Methods: Thirteen couples were recruited for the study. After childbirth, an individual open interview was conducted in order to collect information of the personal experience of becoming a parent. All interviews, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, were analyzed by T-Lab software in order to explore similarities and differences between them, using thematic analysis to perform unsupervised clustering of narrations to highlight the emerging themes, and we evaluated the elementary contexts of the narratives. A subsequent in-depth analysis regarding the process of delivery was conducted through the LIWC

Results: Similar but not overlapping themes emerged from narratives. Overall, parents have to face three crucial issues: giving a meaning to the childbirth experience, reorganizing family life, and managing the newborn. However, new-mothers and new-fathers live this period not only with different roles, but also referring to different contexts and seem to house two different spaces: one mental and one physical. Fathers more than mothers highlighted the social aspects of childbirth.

Conclusion: Results highlight that childbirth represents an important turning point, which implies the transition from thinking for two to thinking for three. In this process, the two parents play, narratively, two different roles. Limitations, strengths, and implications are discussed.