bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review raises doubts about the effectiveness of framing in climate change communication
Authors: Fesenfeld Lukas , Sun Yixian , Wicki Michael , Beiser-McGrath Liam , Bernauer Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ambitious climate policy requires acceptance by millions of people whose daily lives would be affected in costly ways. How to get the mass public on board to prevent a political backlash against costly climate policies? Many scholars regard ‘framing’ as an effective communication strategy for changing climate beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. In contrast, skeptics argue that people hold relatively stable opinions and doubt that framing can alter public opinion on salient issues like climate change. We contribute to this debate by conducting a first systematic review of 121 experimental studies on climate and environmental policy framing, published in 46 peer-reviewed journals. We find that the vast majority of these experiments report significant framing effects. However, the robustness of these results cannot easily be checked because only few studies make their data publicly available. A survey of framing researchers suggests that when scholars successfully publish non-significant effects, these were typically bundled together with other, significant effects. Re-analysis of studies focusing on framing differences by partisanship (a key driver of climate change attitudes) also shows that these effects are often not robust when accounting for omitted interaction bias. To improve confidence in climate communication research, we propose some best-practice standards, including preregistration of study designs, publication of replication materials, and use of advanced post-design solutions.
Immunophenotyping analysis of renal cell carcinoma identified APOC1 as an immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target
Authors: Ren Liwen , Yi Jie , Li Wan , Wu Chuncai , Zheng Xiangjin , Liu Jinyi , Li Sha , Yang Yihui , Du Guanhua , Wang Jinhua , Dong Dexin , Wang Xifu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most lethal common kidney cancer, accounts for 2–3% of all cancers in adults with no effective diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target till now.Methods: In this study, the singularly expressed transcriptomics and immune infiltration phenotype of RCC had been clarified through systematic analysis of the RCC data set in TCGA. The abnormally expressed immune-related markers of RCC were analyzed via the above analysis. Using overexpression and knockdown assay, combined with migration, invasion, colony formation, cell cycle, immunohistochemistry, western blotting method experiments etc., the function and mechanism of immune-related marker were studied on RCC cell lines and nude mice.Results: Interestingly, we found that apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) was dramatically overexpressed and correlated with RCC immunophenotype. The level of APOC1 in the serum of RCC patients was significantly increased with development of RCC and the expression level of APOC1 was related to the overall survival and disease-free survival of the patients. Knockdown of APOC1 expression inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC cells, which might be mediated by TGF-β, MMP3, and E-cadherin. Overexpression of APOC1 promoted the growth of RCC cells in medium, 3D Matrigel, and nude mice. Overexpression of APOC1 promoted the transition from G1 to S phase, while silencing of APOC1 arrested cycle of RCC cells at G2/M phase via FOXO1/P27/Cyclin D1 and P53/GADD45A/cdc2/Cyclin B1 pathway. Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that APOC1 was critical for mitotic progression, metastasis, and immune infiltration of RCC and may be an immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma.
Border Restriction as a Public Health Measure to Limit Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Wong Chun Ka , Ma Ting Fung , Ho Ka Wai , Fan Wai Tong Louis , Chan King Pui Florence , Chan Shung Kay Samuel , Tam Chi Chun Terence , Ho Pak Leung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to pandemic that affected almost all countries in the world. Many countries have implemented border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak. However, there is inadequate scientific data to support such a practice, especially in the presence of an established local transmission of the disease.Methods: A novel metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with inspected migration was applied to investigate the effect of border restriction between Hong Kong and mainland China on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Isolation facilities occupancy was also studied.Results: At R0 is set to be inversely correlated with temperature of 2.2, the cumulative COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong can be reduced by 13.99% (from 29,163 to 25,084) with complete border closure. At an in-patient mortality of 1.4%, the number of deaths can be reduced from 408 to 351 (57 lives saved). However, border closure alone was insufficient to prevent full occupancy of isolation facilities in Hong Kong; effective public health measures to reduce local R0 to below 1.6 was necessary. Conclusions: As a public health measure to tackle COVID-19, border restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality.
Impact of clinical-pathological factors on locoregional recurrence in mastectomy patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer: who can omit adjuvant radiotherapy?
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Luo Jurui , Zhang Li , Chen Xingxing , Yang Zhaozhi , Mei Xin , Yu Xiaoli , Zhang Zhen , Shao Zhimin , Guo Xiaomao , Ma Jinli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in T1–T2 tumors with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is controversial. This study was to identify prognostic factors of locoregional control (LRC) following mastectomy with or without PMRT for patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer and to discuss the selection of patients who might omit PMRT.Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2010, the data of 1474 postmastectomy patients staged pT1-2N1 were analyzed. PMRT was applied in 663 patients. LRC and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression model was applied in the univariate and multivariate analyses to recognize the recurrence risk factors.Results: With the median follow-up duration of 93 months (range, 5-168 months), 78 patients (5.3%) failed to secure LRC and 220 patients (14.9%) experienced any recurrence. The 7.7-year LRC and DFS was 94.9% and 85.4% respectively in the entire cohort. PMRT significantly improved 7.7-year LRC from 93.4% to 96.6% (p = 0.005), but not the DFS (p = 0.335). Multivariate analysis revealed that PMRT was an independent prognostic factor of LRC (p < 0.001), meanwhile, age ≤ 40 years (p = 0.012), histological grade 3 (p = 0.004), 2-3 positive nodes (p < 0.001) and tumor size of 3-5cm (p = 0.045) were significantly associated with decreased LRC. The 7.7-year LRC for patients with 0, 1, and 2-4 risk factors was 97.7% / 98.9% (P = 0.233), 95.3% / 98.0% (P = 0.092), and 80.3% / 94.8% (P < 0.001) in the non-PMRT and PMRT group respectively.Conclusion: In patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer, clinical-pathological factors such as young age, histological grade 3, 2-3 positive nodes, and tumor size of 3-5cm were identified to be predictors of a poorer LRC following mastectomy. Patients with 0-1 risk factor might consider the omission of PMRT.
Mechanism of Water-Conducting Fractured Zone in Jiaojia Gold Mine With Deep Mining Based on Constitutive Model
Authors: Pang Chuming , Wang Ying , Shi Longqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The deep resources of the gold mines have great potential to be the leading area of the national gold industry. However, with the increase of mining depth in Jiaojia gold mine of Shandong province, China, the overburden stress is increasing, the spatial and temporal distribution of mining stress field is more complex to cause spatial structure of overlying strata seriously damaged, which often leads to mine water disaster. Therefore, the research on the law of surrounding rock stress and water-conducting fractured zone development has become an important topic for safe mining of gold mines. In this paper, based on the analysis of borehole data and profile map, three-dimensional geological model was established to predict the height of the water-conducting fracture zone by using Sufer17, Rhino 6, Griddle plug-in and FLAC3D software, and the mining process with the method of downward horizontal slice stoping-filling was simulated by using constitutive model. Results show that the maximum height of the water-conducting fractured zone is about 21.2 m during the whole mining at -700 level, the shape is from near horizontal to micro arch, the failure range of the plastic area near the fault is larger than that far away from the fault. The stress distribution on both sides of the fault is not continuous, which is larger in the hanging wall than that in the footwall. The stress concentration zone is formed in the front and back of the stope during mining process and increases with mining depth. This method can restore the original state of underground stress field to the greatest extent, and make up for the lack of empirical formula theory and the limitation of similar material method for deep mining, which is relatively more accurate and reliable.
CRISPR typing of Campylobacter jejuni reveals a link between CRISPR array preservation and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Hamid Yameen , Jahan Israt , Hayat Shoma , Rahman Mohammad Imtiazur , Asad Asaduzzaman , Das Avizit , Islam Zhahirul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post-infection sequela of Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated genes (CRISPR-Cas) confers adaptive immunity and plays role in virulence in many bacteria. We investigated C. jejuni CRISPR type (CT) to explore association of CRISPR-Cas with risk of developing GBS. We analysed CRISPR-Cas in C. jejuni isolated from 30 patients with GBS, 60 patients with enteritis and 52 healthy controls from Bangladesh. CRISPR types were determined by PCR followed by CRISPR array sequencing. Statistical and genomic analyses were performed using SPSS and multiple web-based software respectively. We found preserved CRISPR array was significantly more frequent in GBS-related strains than healthy control-related strains (P = 0.02, OR = 2.95). Increased CRISPR array length was significantly associated with GBS compared to healthy control- (P = 0.003, AUC = 0.7) and enteritis-related strains (P = 0.02, AUC = 0.65). We reported 38 new CT found among 70 CRISPR-preserving strains. CT of GBS-related strains were unique from enteritis- and healthy control-related strains. Eighty spacers, including 20 novel spacers, were identified among the CRISPR-preserving strains. CRISPR typing had more discriminatory power than PCR-based subtyping in enteritis- and healthy control-related strains. Further genomic analyses are warranted to elucidate role of the C. jejuni CRISPR array in GBS pathogenesis.
PinX1-Induced Autophagy Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 Signaling Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Chen Fang , Yu Chaosheng , Cai Zhimou , Zhong Qingwen , Feng Jialian , Li Guanxue , Shen Congxiang , Wen Zhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe role of PinX1 in tumorigenesis and development has been extensively studied. We have previously reported roles for PinX1 in modulating proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, and stemness in NPC cells. However, the relationship between PinX1, autophagy, and cell function in NPC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which PinX1 regulates autophagy in NPC, and to investigate its clinical significance and biological role with respect to disease progression. MethodsMTT and xenograft tumorigenicity assays were used to assess the proliferative capacity of NPC cells. Autophagic flux was monitored using a tandem monomeric DAPI–FITC–LC3 reporter assay. The rates of apoptosis and the cell cycle in NPC cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression of hTERT and PinX1. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the activation of autophagy and the signaling status of the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/p65 pathways. ResultsPinX1 overexpression induced autophagy and apoptosis, while suppressing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and decelerated cell-cycle progression; inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine reversed these outcomes. Mechanistic investigations clarified that PinX1 overexpression significantly reduced the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p65, and p-p65. Chloroquine treatment in PinX1-overexpressing cells did not significantly alter p-AKT and p-mTOR levels, whereas 3-MA treatment in PinX1-overexpressing cells resulted in increased p65 and p-p65 expression, relative to untreated PinX1-overexpressing cells.ConclusionThese findings indicate that PinX1 promotes autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; this, in turn, inhibits the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in NPC cells.
Early Identification of Loss to Follow-Up in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients: Development of a Multivariable Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Sweeney Aidan P. , McDonald Michael , Kravets Victoria , Bush Kay E. , Maceroli Michael A. , Schechter Marcos Coutinho , Schenker Mara L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Loss to clinic follow-up is common among orthopaedic trauma survivors. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction tool to identify patients at risk for orthopaedic trauma clinic follow-up non-adherence.Methods: Comprehensive social determinants of health (SDOH) assessment surveys were administered to adult patients (age ≥18) who were hospitalized with orthopaedic trauma injuries at an urban Level 1 trauma center. Clinic follow-up adherence within the 90-day post-operative period was examined using adherence fractions ([number of attended follow-up visits]/[number of attended follow-up visits + number of missed visits]). Adherence fractions ≥0.75 were considered to be “High” and £0.75 considered to be “Low”. Demographic and SDOH factors, including the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), were analyzed for their association with clinic follow-up adherence. A risk prediction tool for follow up non-adherence was developed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results: 294 patients were included for final analysis. Higher community distress, more severe injury, lack of private insurance, lower education levels, no primary care physician, financial and relationship instability, and lack of transportation were significantly associated with low clinic follow up adherence (p<0.05, Table 2 and 3). Low clinic adherence (£0.75) was also significantly associated with presentation to the emergency department within the 90-day post-operative period (p<0.01). The final risk prediction model included 5 covariates: “Distressed” or “At Risk” DCI levels, lack of private insurance, high school or lower education, no primary care physician, and male gender (n=210, AUROC=0.65, 95% CI = 0.57-0.72). The maximum possible risk score was 8. The mean score for patients with low clinic adherence was 4.0±1.6 and 3.1±1.75 for those with high adherence (p<0.01).Discussion: Coordinated care of patients in the aftermath of trauma is imperative to improve healthcare quality and patient outcomes. This study suggests that post-trauma clinic adherence may be predicted at the time of hospital discharge based on a combination of five demographic and SDOH risk factors. We offer a predictive tool for such behavior, which we visualize as a valuable component in a social work discharge plan. Future studies should assess interventions for patients at high risk for follow up non-adherence.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness Through miR-34b/c-5p/CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Liu Dan , Tang Zhongxiang , Bajinka Ousman , Dai Pei , Wu Guojun , Qin Ling , tan yurong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence on miRNAs with pivotal role in viral infection-induced airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the related mechanism of RSV infection affecting airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is largely unknown.Methods：We obtained the miRNA and mRNA databases of patients with RSV infection, as well as the miRNA databases of asthma and COPD patients from the GEO database. Through intergrated analysis we screened differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and genes (DEGs).Further analysis was carried out to obtain the hub gene through the biological pathways and enrichment pathways of DEGs targeted by DEmiRs and construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the expression of DEmiRs and hub gene were verified in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the regulatory relationship between DEmiRs and hub gene was further explored.Results: The five differential molecules (miR-34b/c-5p, CD14, CXCL10 and RHOH) screened through animal experiments have the same expression trend in the acute and chronic phases of RSV infection. Following the infecting of BEAS-2B cells with RSV, we confirmed that RSV infection can down-regulate miR-34b/c-5p, and the expression levels of CXCL10 and CD14 were significantly increased in the infected group. Furthermore, the results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CXCL10 is the target of miR-34c-5p.Conclusion: We confirmed that the increase of CXCL10 after RSV infection is regulated by miR-34b/c-5p. This study shed some lights on the mechanism of RSV infection affecting airway inflammation and AHR. In addition, the study provides diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets for AHR caused by persistent RSV infection.
Emergency Department Point-of-care Ultrasound for Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Tan Gregory , Ng Mingwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is an uncommon disease but has to be carefully considered in patients with isolated unilateral upper limb swelling due to its potential to cause devastating complications and sequelae such as pulmonary embolism and septic thrombophlebitis. Given the extreme rarity of this condition, it is not surprising that point-of-care ultrasonographic evaluation of the upper limb for deep venous thrombosis is hardly ever performed in the emergency department. This case report serves to highlight how point-of-care ultrasonographic evaluation of the upper extremity venous system could be incorporated as a tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of the emergency physician.Case PresentationA 51-year-old Chinese gentleman presented to the emergency department with a one-day duration of progressive right upper extremity swelling and pain. On examination, his hemodynamic parameters were stable with no tachycardia. He was noted to have a hyperaemic and grossly swollen but non-tender right upper limb. Distal pulses remained strong. Point-of-care ultrasonography of his right upper limb venous system with doppler colour flow and single-point augmentation with the arm squeeze manoeuvre immediately confirmed the diagnosis of right upper extremity deep venous thrombosis, which in turn permitted anticoagulation to be instituted promptly whilst in the emergency department.ConclusionThe use of point-of-care ultrasonography of the upper limb venous system can prove invaluable as a rapid, non-invasive technique to facilitate expedient diagnosis of and early intervention for UEDVT in the emergency department.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Military Healthcare Personnel During COVID-19: Case Report
Authors: Goh Chubin , Kok Wai Leong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most commonly reported occupational skin diseases, which is hard to differentiate from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) clinically. Failure to identify the different forms of contact dermatitis can lead to suboptimal treatment and management of the patient, with long-term impacts on occupation and quality of life. In this manuscript, we describe a case of ICD occurring in a military healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the patient presented with an acute pruritic rash over bilateral hands, a clinical feature characteristic of ACD, the patch tests performed on all test series returned negative. He was eventually diagnosed with ICD.
Case Presentation:

A 18-year old military medic developed an acute pruritic vesicular rash over his bilateral hands. He was exposed to butyl gloves from his personal protective equipment as well as frequent hand washing. As confirmatory patch tests were unavailable during the COVID-19 period, he was initially managed with topical corticosteroids and barrier protection with cotton gloves. He was then reviewed by a dermatologist with the suspension of exposure through discontinuation of direct contact with butyl gloves. The medic’s rash resolved with desquamation without scarring within one week of conservative treatment while waiting for confirmatory patch testing at a tertiary dermatological institution when patch test services resumed. The patch test performed on the medic’s butyl glove, other gloves, standard series, and rubber series, all returned negative. He was eventually diagnosed with acute ICD to frequent hand washing and wetwork and there was no further recurrence of the rash.
Conclusion:

Occupational history and a heightened awareness of the possibility of work-related illnesses were important factors for accurate diagnosis. Prompt suspension of exposure and engineering control measures through a double glove method helped to prevent a recurrence of ICD.