bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from marine algae for treating cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation
Authors: Hwang Juyoung , Yadav Dhananjay , Lee Peter CW , Jin Jun‐O 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA significant rise in the occurrence and severity of adverse reactions to several synthetic drugs has fueled considerable interest in natural product‐based therapeutics. In humans and animals, polysaccharides from marine microalgae and seaweeds have immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these polysaccharides may possess antiviral, anticancer, hypoglycemic, anticoagulant, and antioxidant properties. During inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and sepsis, immunosuppressive molecules can serve as therapeutic agents. Similarly, molecules that participate in immune activation can induce immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases. We aim to discuss the chemical composition of the algal polysaccharides, namely alginate, fucoidan, ascophyllan, and porphyran. We also summarize their applications in the treatment of cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. Recent applications of nanoparticles that are based on algal polysaccharides for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases have also been addressed. In conclusion, these applications of marine algal polysaccharides could provide novel therapeutic alternatives for several diseases.
Association of COVID‐19 antigenicity with the development of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis
Authors: Felzer Jamie R. , Fogwe Delvise T. , Samrah Shaher , Michet Clement J. , Specks Ulrich , Baqir Misbah , Kubbara Aahd F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInflammatory processes, such as an infection or drug reaction, can cause antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Although quite rare, AAV may occur with SARS‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) antigenic exposure, either from infection or immunization. We present two cases of AAV: one that developed after COVID‐19 infection presenting as diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and another that developed shortly after vaccination, presenting as granulomatous pulmonary nodules. Both patients improved with supportive care and immunosuppressive therapies. This adverse event appears to be a very rare complication of COVID‐19 infection or vaccination. Early diagnosis of AAV is important because immunosuppressive therapy may improve patient outcomes.
Process mining applications in the healthcare domain: A comprehensive review
Authors: Guzzo Antonella , Rullo Antonino , Vocaturo Eugenio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProcess mining (PM) is a well‐known research area that includes techniques, methodologies, and tools for analyzing processes in a variety of application domains. In the case of healthcare, processes are characterized by high variability in terms of activities, duration, and involved resources (e.g., physicians, nurses, administrators, machineries, etc.). Besides, the multitude of diseases that the patients housed in healthcare facilities suffer from makes medical contexts highly heterogeneous. As a result, understanding and analyzing healthcare processes are certainly not trivial tasks, and administrators and doctors look for tools and methods that can concretely support them in improving the healthcare services they are involved in. In this context, PM has been increasingly used for a wide range of applications as reported in some recent reviews. However, these reviews mainly focus on discussion on applications related to the clinical pathways, while a systematic review of all possible applications is absent. In this article, we selected 172 papers published in the last 10 years, that present applications of PM in the healthcare domain. The objective of this study is to help and guide researchers interested in the medical field to understand the main PM applications in the healthcare, but also to suggest new ways to develop promising and not yet fully investigated applications. Moreover, our study could be of interest for practitioners who are considering applications of PM, who can identify and choose PM algorithms, techniques, tools, methodologies, and approaches, toward what have been the experiences of success.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
An analytical approach of nonlinear buckling behavior of longitudinally compressed carbon nanotube‐reinforced (CNTR) cylindrical shells with CNTR stiffeners in thermal environment
Authors: Dong Dang Thuy , Nam Vu Hoai , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Ly Le Ngoc , Duc Vu Minh , Van Tien Nguyen , Minh Tran Quang , Hung Vu Tho , Quan Pham Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonlinear buckling and postbuckling of longitudinally compressed carbon nanotube‐reinforced (CNTR) cylindrical shells stiffened by longitudinal or circumferential CNTR stiffeners in thermal environments surrounded by elastic medium are presented in the present study. Five linear distributions of CNT are considered for the shell‐stiffener structure system and they are modeled by innovation homogenization technique for CNTR stiffeners. Based on the classical Donnell thin shell theory with von Karman's nonlinearities and the Galerkin procedure, the governing equations can be built to analyze the critical buckling compression and postbuckling compression‐deflection and compression‐shortening behavior. The noticeable effects of volume fraction of CNTs, shell‐foundation interaction stiffnesses, uniformly distributed temperature, and geometric properties of stiffened cylindrical shells on the critical buckling compression and compression‐deflection and compression‐shortening postbuckling behaviors of stiffened CNTR cylindrical shells are obtained and remarked in numerical examinations.
Next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to a vector bottomonium radiative decay into a charmonium
Authors: Zhang Yu-Dong , Feng Feng , Sang Wen-Long , Zhang Hong-Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization, we calculate the next-to-leading-order (NLO) perturbative corrections to the radiative decay Υ → ηc(χcJ) + γ. Both the helicity amplitudes and the helicity decay widths are obtained. It is the first computation for the processes involving both bottomonium and charmonium at two-loop accuracy. By employing the Cheng-Wu theorem, we are able to convert most of complex-valued master integrals (MIs) into real-valued MIs, which makes the numerical integration much efficient. Our results indicate the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\right) $$
O

α
s

corrections are moderate for ηc and χc2 production, and are quite marginal for χc0 and χc1 production. It is impressive to note the NLO corrections considerably reduce the renormalization scale dependence in both the decay widths and the branching fractions for χcJ, and slightly improve that for ηc. With the NRQCD matrix elements evaluated via the Buchmüller-Tye potential model, we find the decay width for ηc production is one-order-of-magnitude larger than χcJ production, which may provide a good opportunity to search for Υ → ηc + γ in experiment. In addition, the decay width for χc1 production is several times larger than those for χc0,2. Finally, we find the NLO NRQCD prediction for the branching fraction of Υ → χc1 + γ is only half of the lower bound of the experimental data measured recently by Belle. Moreover, there exists serious contradiction between theory and experiment for Υ → ηc + γ. The discrepancies between theory and experiment deserve further research efforts.
Correlations Between Root Metabolomics and Bacterial Community Structures in the Phragmites australis Under Acid Mine Drainage-Polluted Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Kalu Chimdi M. , Ogola Henry J. O. , Selvarajan Ramganesh , Tekere Memory , Ntushelo Khayalethu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite root microecology playing critical role in plant growth and fidelity, relatively few studies have focused on the link between the microbial communities and root metabolome in the aquatic macrophytes under heavy metal (HM) pollution. Using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing, targeted metabolomics and community-level physiological profile analyses, we investigated the symbiotic associations between Phragmites australis with rhizospheric bacterial communities under differing acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution. Results indicated that AMD pollution and root localization significantly affected root metabolome profiles. Higher accumulation of adenosine monophosphate, inosine, methionine, carnitine and dimethylglycine were observed in the rhizosphere under AMD than non-AMD habitat. Overall, the bacterial diversity and richness, and functional (metabolic) diversity were lower under high-AMD pollution. While non-AMD site was enriched with members of phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria were the most abundant taxa in the rhizosphere and endosphere under AMD-polluted sites. Further, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Rhizobium, Delftia, Bradyrhizobium, and Mesorhizobium) and metal-tolerant bacteria (Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Massilia and Methylocystis) were most abundant in AMD-polluted than non-AMD habitat. Finally, pH, TDS (total dissolved solids), Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn content were the key environmental factors that strongly contributed to the spatial perturbation of rhizospheric metabolites, proteobacterial and acidobacterial taxa. Overall, the study linked the differential endospheric and rhizospheric bacterial community and metabolite profiles in P. australis under AMD environment and provided insights into HM adaptability and phytoremediation potential.
Tibial slope in the posterolateral quadrant with and without ACL injury
Authors: Korthaus A. , Krause M. , Pagenstert G. , Warncke M. , Brembach F. , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Kolb J. P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
An increased tibial slope is a risk factor for rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. In addition, a tibial bone bruise or posterior lateral impression associated with slope changes also poses chronic ligamentous instability of the knee joint associated with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In the majority of cases, the slope is measured in one plane X-ray in the lateral view. However, this does not sufficient represent the complex anatomy of the tibial plateau and especially for the posterolateral quadrant. Normal values from a “healthy” population are necessary to understand if stability of the knee joint is negatively affected by an increasing slope in the posterolateral area. Until now there are no data about the physiological slope in the posterolateral quadrant of the tibial plateau.

Materials and methods
In 116 MRI scans of patients without ligamentous lesions and 116 MRI scans with an ACL rupture, tibial slope was retrospectively determined using the method described by Hudek et al. Measurements were made in the postero-latero-lateral (PLL) and postero-latero-central (PLC) segments using the 10-segment classification. In both segments, the osseous as well as the cartilaginous slope was measured. Measurements were performed by two independent surgeons.

Results
In the group without ligamentous injury the mean bony PLL slope was 5.8° ± 4.8° and the cartilaginous PLL slope was 6.7° ± 4.8°. In the PLC segment the mean bony slope was 6.6° ± 5.0° and the cartilaginous slope was 9.4° ± 5.7°. In the cohort with ACL rupture, the bony and cartilaginous slope in both PLL and PCL were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the group without ACL injury (bony PLL 9.8° ± 4.8°, cartilage PLL 10.4° ± 4.7°, bony PLC 10.3° ± 4.8°, cartilage PLL 12.8° ± 4.3°). Measurements were performed independently by two experienced surgeons. There were good inter- (CI 87–98.7%) and good intraobserver (CI 85.8–99.6%) reliability.

Conclusion
The bony and the cartilaginous slope in the posterolateral quadrant of the tibial plateau are different but not independent. Patients with an anterior cruciate ligament injury have a significantly steeper slope in the posterolateral quadrant compared to a healthy group. Our data indicate that this anatomic feature might be a risk factor for a primary ACL injury which has not been described yet.

Level of evidence
III.
Detection of melanoma, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell cancer sentinel lymph nodes by Tc-99m Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek®)
Authors: Leong Stanley P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTechnetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept or Lymphoseek® (Cardinal Health, Dublin, Ohio) is a soluble, synthetic molecule with a small diameter (7 nm), which is comprised of technetium-99m chelated to a dextran backbone containing multiple units of mannose ligands with a high affinity for CD206, a receptor located on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells that are found in high concentration in lymph nodes. It enables quick transit from the injection site and rapid lymph node accumulation. The binding of mannose ligand and CD206 results in the internalization of the ligand and receptor into the cell. Once the Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek®) reaches the lymph node, it is readily internalized by the macrophages and dendritic cells within the draining lymph nodes. Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek®) has been extensively studied as a radioisotope for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in clinical trials. Based on its safety and ability to detect sentinel lymph nodes satisfactorily, it has been approved by the FDA to use as a radioisotope for preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in these types of cancer. Further, the FDA has expanded approval of Technetium-99m-labeled for sentinel lymph node mapping of all solid tumors as well as in pediatric patients.
Distributional Issues in Natural Capital Accounting: An Application to Land Ownership and Ecosystem Services in Scotland
Authors: Atkinson Giles , Ovando Paola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccounting forecosystemsis increasingly central to natural capital accounting. What is missing from this, however, is an answer to questions about how natural capital is distributed. That is, who consumes ecosystem services and who owns or manages the underlying asset(s) that give rise to ecosystem services. In this paper, we examine the significance of the ownership of land on which ecosystem assets (or ecosystem types) is located in the context of natural capital accounting. We illustrate this in an empirical application to two ecosystem services and a range of ecosystem types and land ownership in Scotland, a context in which land reform debates are longstanding. Our results indicate the relative importance of private land in ecosystem service supply, rather than land held by the public sector. We find relative concentration of ownership for land providing comparatively high amounts of carbon sequestration. For air pollution removal, however, the role of smaller to medium sized, mostly privately owned, land holdings closer to urban settlements becomes more prominent. The contributions in this paper, we argue, represent important first steps in anticipating distributional impacts of natural capital (and related) policy in natural capital accounts as well as connecting these frameworks to broader concerns about wealth disparities across and within countries.
Review: chemical approaches toward catalytic lignin degradation
Authors: Gücyeter Sara , Erpelding Richard , Schmidt Magnus S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLignin is a potentially high natural source of biological aromatic substances. However, decomposition of the polymer has proven to be quite challenging, as the complex bonds are fairly difficult to break down chemically. This article is intended to provide an overview of various recent methods for the catalytic chemical depolymerization of the biopolymer lignin into chemical products. For this purpose, nickel-, zeolite- and palladium-supported catalysts were examined in detail. In order to achieve this, various experiments of the last years were collected, and the efficiency of the individual catalysts was examined. This included evaluating the reaction conditions under which the catalysts work most efficiently. The influence of co-catalysts and Lewis acidity was also investigated. The results show that it is possible to control the obtained product selectivity very well by the choice of the respective catalysts combined with the proper reaction conditions.
Iron chelates in the anticancer therapy
Authors: Szlasa Wojciech , Gachowska Martyna , Kiszka Karolina , Rakoczy Katarzyna , Kiełbik Aleksander , Wala Kamila , Puchała Julia , Chorążykiewicz Katarzyna , Saczko Jolanta , Kulbacka Julita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIron plays a significant role in the metabolism of cancer cells. In comparison with normal cells, neoplastic ones exhibit enhanced vulnerability to iron. Ferric ions target tumor via the ferroptotic death pathway—a process involving the iron-mediated lipid oxidation. Ferric ion occurs in complex forms in the physiological conditions. Apart from iron, ligands are the other factors to affect the biological activity of the iron complexes. In recent decades the role of iron chelates in targeting the growth of the tumor was extensively examined. The ligand may possess a standalone activity to restrict cancer’s growth. However, a wrong choice of the ligand might lead to the enhanced cancer cell’s growth in in vitro studies. The paper aims to review the role of iron complex compounds in the anticancer therapy both in the experimental and clinical applications. The anticancer properties of the iron complex rely both on the stability constant of the complex and the ligand composition. When the stability constant is high, the properties of the drug are unique. However, when the stability constant remains low, both components—ferric ions and ligands, act separately on the cells. In the paper we show how the difference in complex stability implies the action of ligand and ferric ions in the cancer cell. Iron complexation strategy is an interesting attempt to transport the anticancer Fe2+/3+ ions throughout the cell membrane and release it when the pH of the microenvironment changes. Last part of the paper summarizes the results of clinical trials and in vitro studies of novel iron chelates such as: PRLX 93,936, Ferumoxytol, Talactoferrin, DPC, Triapine, VLX600, Tachypyridine, Ciclopiroxamine, Thiosemicarbazone, Deferoxamine and Deferasirox.
Influence of the total concentration and the profile of volatile fatty acids on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by mixed microbial cultures
Authors: Bravo-Porras Gloria , Fernández-Güelfo Luis A. , Álvarez-Gallego Carlos J. , Carbú María , Sales Diego , Romero-García Luis I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production from lignocellulosic biomass using mixed microbial cultures (MMC) is a potential cheap alternative for reducing the use of petroleum-based plastics. In this study, an MMC adapted to acidogenic effluent from dark fermentation (DF) of exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) has been tested in order to determine its capability to produce PHAs from nine different synthetic mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The tests consisted of mixtures of acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids in the range of 1.5–9.0 g/L of total acidity and with three different valeric:butyric ratios (10:1, 1:1, and 1:10). Experimental results have shown a consistent preference of the MMC for the butyric and valeric acids as carbon source instead other shorter acids (propionic or acetic) in terms of PHA production yield (estimated in dry cell weight basis), with a maximum value of 23% w/w. Additionally, valeric-rich mixtures have demonstrated to carry out a fast degradation process but with poor final PHA production compared with high butyric mixtures. Finally, high initial butyric and valeric concentrations (1.1 g/L and 4.1 g/L) have demonstrated to be counterproductive to PHA production.
Impacts of Personalized Sensor Feedback Regarding Exposure to Environmental Stressors
Authors: Becker Anna Maria , Marquart Heike , Masson Torsten , Helbig Carolin , Schlink Uwe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFeedback on personal exposure to air pollution, noise or extreme temperatures through wearable sensors or sensors installed at home or in the workplace can offer information that might motivate behaviours to mitigate exposure. As personal measurement devices are becoming increasingly accessible, it is important to evaluate the effects of such sensors on human perception and behaviour. We conducted a systematic literature research and identified 33 studies, analysing the effects of personal feedback on air pollution, noise and temperatures. Feedback was given through reports including different forms of visualization, in-person or over the telephone, or directly on the sensor or through a phone app. The exposure feedback led to behaviour changes particularly for noise and temperature feedback while findings on behaviour adaptation to avoid air pollution were mixed. Most studies reported increased awareness and knowledge from receiving exposure feedback. Many participants in studies on air pollution reported low levels of self-efficacy regarding exposure mitigation. For a better understanding of the effects of personal exposure feedback, more studies are required, particularly providing feedback from wearable sensors measuring outdoor air pollution, noise and temperature.
Zonal Structure of Tropical Pacific Surface Salinity Anomalies Affects ENSO Intensity and Asymmetry
Authors: Guan Cong , Tian Feng , McPhaden Michael J. , Wang Fan , Hu Shijian , Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed the potential importance of salinity in El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) asymmetry, but the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate how the zonal structure of surface salinity anomalies affects ENSO intensity and asymmetry by modifying freshwater flux in ocean general circulation model simulations. Results show that the amplitudes of El Niño and La Niña are both highly sensitive to zonal patterns of salinity anomalies, with the strongest sea surface temperature change occurring when maximum salinity anomalies are located near 170°W. Furthermore, the effect of salinity anomalies in the central Pacific on El Niño warming is larger than those in the western Pacific on La Niña cooling. Thus, the asymmetric salinity anomalies strengthen the temperature asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña. Temperature budget analysis shows that vertical mixing and entrainment due to salinity‐induced changes in stratification are a major response to different zonal patterns of freshwater flux forcing.