bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese‐Catalyzed Ammonia Oxidation into Dinitrogen under Chemical or Electrochemical Conditions**
Authors: Toda Hiroki , Kuroki Kaito , Kanega Ryoichi , Kuriyama Shogo , Nakajima Kazunari , Himeda Yuichiro , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarth‐abundant metal‐catalyzed oxidative conversion of ammonia into dinitrogen is a promising process to utilize ammonia as a transportation fuel. Herein, we report the manganese‐catalyzed ammonia oxidation under chemical or electrochemical conditions using a manganese complex bearing (1S,2S)‐N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine. Under chemical conditions using oxidant, up to 17.1 equivalents of N2 per catalyst are generated. Also, mechanistic studies by stoichiometric reactions reveal that a nucleophilic attack of ammonia on manganese nitrogenous species occurs to form a nitrogen–nitrogen bond leading to dinitrogen. Moreover, we conduct density functional theory (DFT) calculations to confirm the plausible reaction mechanism. In addition, this reaction system is applicable under electrochemical conditions. The catalytic reaction proceeds with 96 % faradaic efficiency (FE) in bulk electrolysis to give up to 6.56 equivalents of N2 per catalyst.
Buried hurricane legacies: increased nutrient limitation and decreased root biomass in coastal wetlands
Authors: Kuhn Amanda L. , Kominoski John S. , Armitage Anna R. , Charles Sean P. , Pennings Steven C. , Weaver Carolyn A. , Maddox Tom R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant identity and cover in coastal wetlands is changing in worldwide, and many subtropical salt marshes dominated by low‐stature herbaceous species are becoming woody mangroves. Yet, how changes affect coastal soil biogeochemical processes and belowground biomass before and after storms is uncertain. We experimentally manipulated the percent mangrove cover (Avicennia germinans) in 3 × 3 m cells embedded in 10 plots (24 × 42 m) comprising a gradient of marsh (e.g., Spartina alterniflora, Batis maritima) and mangrove cover in Texas, USA. Hurricane Harvey made direct landfall over our site on 25 August 2017, providing a unique opportunity to test how plant composition mitigates hurricane effects on surface sediment accretion, soil chemistry (carbon, C; nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; and sulfur, S), and root biomass. Data were collected before (2013 and 2016), one‐month after (2017), and one‐year after (2018) Hurricane Harvey crossed the area, allowing us to measure stocks before and after the hurricane. The accretion depth was higher in fringe compared with interior cells of plots, more variable in cells dominated by marsh than mangrove, and declined with increasing plot‐scale mangrove cover. The concentrations of P and δ34S in storm‐driven accreted surface sediments, and the concentrations of N, P, S, and δ34S in underlying soils (0–30 cm), decreased post‐hurricane, whereas the C concentrations in both compartments were unchanged. Root biomass in both marsh and mangrove cells was reduced by 80% in 2017 compared with previous dates and remained reduced in 2018. Post‐hurricane loss of root biomass in plots correlated with enhanced nutrient limitation. Total sulfide accumulation as indicated by δ34S, increased nutrient limitation, and decreased root biomass of both marshes and mangroves after hurricanes may affect ecosystem function and increase vulnerability in coastal wetlands to subsequent disturbances. Understanding how changes in plant composition in coastal ecosystems affects responses to hurricane disturbances is needed to assess coastal vulnerability.
Multistage optimization filter for trend‐based short‐term forecasting
Authors: Zafar Usman , Kellard Neil , Vinogradov Dmitri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new method is proposed to estimate the long‐term seasonal component by a multistage optimization filter with a leading phase shift (MOPS). It can be utilized to provide better predictions in case of the seasonal component autoregressive (SCAR) model, where data are filtered/decomposed into trend and remainder components and then forecasts for constituent components generated separately and later combined. This reinforces the importance of trend estimation filtering/decomposition methods, which are scarce and only few methods, primarily wavelet decomposition, have improved upon the forecasts generated by statistical linear models. We contribute to the literature by introducing a new trend estimation method, and the forecast results are compared with the most popular trend estimation methods, such as frequency filters, wavelet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter, through their performance in generating short‐term forecasts for day‐ahead electricity prices. Our method for trend estimation performs better in terms of providing short‐term forecasts as compared with some well‐known methods, and the best forecast, according to the Diebold and Mariano (1995) test, is obtained by using our MOPS filter with annual trend period length.
Interfacial compliance, energy dissipation, frequency effects, and long‐term fretting corrosion performance of Ti‐6Al‐4V/CoCrMo interfaces
Authors: Smith Stephanie M. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFretting corrosion in modular orthopedic implants is a well‐documented process that may be associated with adverse local tissue reactions, pain, and revisions. Engineering modular junction interfaces to withstand applied fretting motion without surface abrasion could prevent implant degradation and surface damage. Previous work on geometrically modified Ti‐6Al‐4V/CoCrMo interfaces with increased compliance showed reduced fretting currents and surface damage during short term, variable‐load in vitro testing. This study assesses the same interfaces under long‐term conditions using an in vitro pin‐on‐disk fretting corrosion test apparatus. Preliminary variable‐load frequency testing of typical control pin geometries showed a frequency‐dependent current response, with underlying contact conditions of metal–metal interfaces that remained unchanged. One‐million‐cycle testing showed diminished fretting currents in all groups by 5 × 105 cycles, but consistently lower currents in the high‐compliance group. Corresponding fretting currents and work of fretting measurements of high‐compliance pins confirmed that minimal fretting was experienced at the interface, with elastic bending of the pin accounting for almost all applied displacement. Debris generated during testing were composed of titanium and chromium oxides, small amounts of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, and sodium and phosphate originating from the surrounding test solution. Post‐test analyses of sample surfaces revealed substantially more surface damage on CoCrMo disks than Ti‐6Al‐4V pins, thought to be a result of adhesive wear of mixed oxide debris on the pin and abrasion of the disk by the oxide debris layer. Surface damage to high‐compliance pins suggests some abrasion is unavoidable with geometric modifications.
Performance of noninvasive tools for identification of minimal liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Shi XinXing , Wang Lin , Zeng Yilan , Kang Xintong , Huang Liang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment tools are available. Here, we evaluated the performance of the asparagine aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), the fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4), transient elastography (TE), and the globulin–platelet (GP) ratio for identifying liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.MethodsA total of 146 patients were assessed using TE, FIB‐4, APRI, the GP ratio, and liver biopsy. Three patient grouping methods were applied: any fibrosis (AF; F0 vs. F1/2/3/4); moderate fibrosis (MF; F0/1 vs. F2/3/4); and severe fibrosis (SF; F0/1/2 vs. F3/4). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, univariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression were conducted.ResultsRegardless of patient‐grouping method, the area under the curve (AUC) of TE and the GP ratio were similar. Using the AF grouping method, the GP ratio showed superior performance compared with APRI and FIB‐4: the AUCs for the GP ratio, TE, APRI, and FIB‐4 were 0.76, 0.75, 0.70, and 0.66, respectively. Using the MF grouping method, the GP ratio also showed superior performance compared with APRI and FIB‐4: the AUCs for the GP ratio, TE, APRI, and FIB‐4 were 0.66, 0.68, 0.57, and 0.53, respectively. Using the SF grouping method, the AUCs for the GP ratio, TE, APRI, and FIB‐4 were not significantly different.ConclusionCompared with FIB‐4 and APRI, the GP ratio had higher accuracy for identifying liver fibrosis, especially early‐stage fibrosis, in patients with HBV infection.
Using Raman spectroscopy to identify spectral features of and detect hydrogen peroxide‐potential application for Mars exploration
Authors: Ye Xiaoling , Zhang Minliang , Wu Zhongchen , Xu Ling , Zhang Lei , Chen Jiayi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Martian surface is oxidizing. An important oxidant, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), has been detected in the Martian atmosphere and is supported even below the Martian surface. H2O2 is an important target that can be used to better understand the Martian surface environment and explore extraterrestrial life and thus must be accurately detected and analyzed under Martian‐relevant temperature conditions. In this study, the Raman spectral features and the limit of detection (LOD) of H2O2 were investigated for aqueous solutions and mud mixtures. The low‐temperature spectral features and UV decomposition characteristics of H2O2 were also investigated because low temperatures and UV radiation are key environmental factors that can affect the existence of H2O2 on the Martian surface. Our results show that H2O2 has a remarkable Raman peak at 877 cm−1, which is distinguishable from H2O and other mixed minerals, making it easy to detect with an LOD of 400 ± 50 ppm in an H2O2 solution and 1666 ± 450 ppm in a kaolinite matrix (2000 ± 500 ppm in a gypsum matrix). There was no peak shift and only a certain degree of reduction in intensity for this peak in a H2O2 solution under low temperature, even for frozen H2O2. Split peaks at ~228 cm−1 appeared after freezing H2O2, whereas there was no discernable split in the peak at ~3326 cm−1 below −60°C; however, the H2O peaks were splitted. The spectral features facilitate the detection and identification of H2O2 on the Martian surface. In light of the Mars2020 and ExoMars rover missions, our study provides valuable information about the Raman detection of H2O2 on Mars.
The role of surgery after prolonged primary chemotherapy for advanced oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed S. , Knight William , Wulaningsih Wahyu , Foley Daniel M. , Dellaportas Dionysios , Zylstra Janine , Baker Cara R. , Kelly Mark , Smyth Elizabeth , Lagergren Jesper , Maisey Nick , Allum William H. , Gossage James A. , Cunningham David , Davies Andrew R. ,   The Guy's and St Thomas' Oesophago‐gastric Research Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost patients presenting with oesophageal cancer do so with advanced disease not suitable for surgery. However, there are examples of encouraging survival following surgery in highly selected patients who respond well to chemotherapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented with advanced but nonvisceral metastatic oesophageal cancer. Consecutive patients on a prolonged primary chemotherapy pathway who underwent surgical resection following a favourable response to chemotherapy were included. Survival and recurrence rates were analysed using Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 57 patients included in the cohort operated between 2007 and 2015, the overall median survival was 44 months and the 5‐year survival was 42%. Prechemotherapy cN0/cN1 (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.62) conferred an independent survival advantage compared to cN2 and cN3 disease. Poor differentiation (HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.11–5.42), R1 resection (HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.14–5.19) and advanced nodal status (HR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.44–7.47) predicted worse survival on univariable analysis. Poor differentiation (HR: 3.93, 95% CI: 1.62–9.56) was independently associated with poor survival when adjusted for other variables.ConclusionPatients who present with advanced inoperable oesophageal cancer who have a favourable response to chemotherapy represent a limited group of patients who may benefit from surgery.
An access control for IoT based on network community perception and social trust against Sybil attacks
Authors: de Oliveira Gustavo H. C. , de Souza Batista Agnaldo , Nogueira Michele , dos Santos Aldri L. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe evolution of the Internet of things (IoT) has increased the connection of personal devices, mainly taking into account the habits and behavior of their owners. These environments demand access control mechanisms to protect them against intruders, like Sybil attacks, that can compromise data privacy or disrupt the network operation. The social IoT paradigm enables access control systems to aggregate community context and sociability information from devices to enhance robustness and security. This work introduces the ELECTRON mechanism to control access in IoT networks based on social trust between devices to protect the network from Sybil attackers. ELECTRON groups IoT devices into communities by their social similarity and evaluates their social trust, strengthening the reliability between legitimate devices and their resilience against the interaction of Sybil attackers. NS‐3 simulations show the ELECTRON performance under Sybil attacks on several IoT communities so that it has gotten to detect more than 90% of attackers in a scenario with 150 nodes into offices, schools, gyms, and parks communities, and in other scenarios for same communities, it achieved around of 90% of detection. Furthermore, it provided high accuracy, over 90%–95%, and false positive rates closer to zero.
Endometrial Cancer: Who Lives, Who Dies, Can We Improve Their Story?
Authors: Cosgrove Casey M. , Backes Floor J. , O'Malley David , Bixel Kristin L. , Suarez Adrian A. , Fowler Jeffrey M. , Copeland Larry J. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Cohn David E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S. The objective of this cohort study was to characterize the clinical and pathologic features that are associated with endometrial cancer–specific death for women cared for at a single National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center.

Patients, Materials, and Methods
This is a retrospective cohort from 2014 to 2017 including all women who had a hysterectomy for EC. Charts were reviewed for clinical and pathologic data, focusing on survival outcomes.

Results
Seven hundred seventy-one patients with EC underwent hysterectomy with 760 informative for outcomes. Seventy-six (10%) deaths were related to their EC; 62 women died from recurrent EC. Nonendometrioid histology and advanced stage were predictors of recurrence and EC death. Among patients with endometrioid ECs, mismatch repair status was significantly associated with EC-specific survival (relative risk = 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.3–10.3; p &lt; .0001). Most patients with EC who recurred died of their disease 62/83 (74.7%). Nearly half of the patients that recurred (27/62) had no additional therapy at the time of recurrence. Overall survival was significantly longer for those women who had additional treatment at the time of recurrence; however, the improvement in overall survival with therapy at recurrence was largely attributable to effects in those women who were adjuvant therapy naïve.

Conclusion
Although there is benefit of treatment at the time of recurrence for treatment-naïve women; only approximately half of patients were able to receive therapy. There is an urgent need for continued efforts for more effective EC therapy in both the front-line and recurrent setting as well as early identification of cancer diagnosis and recurrence.

Implications for Practice
Approximately 10% of patients died of their endometrial cancer. Most deaths were from recurrent disease; however, almost 20% of endometrial cancer deaths were within 120 days of surgery. Although treatment at the time of recurrence improves overall survival, only approximately half of patients will receive therapy at the time of recurrence. Traditional prognostic features like histology and stage remain important to predict risk of recurrence, and newer biomarkers, such as mismatch repair status, may improve risk stratification and targeted therapy. There remains an urgent need for improved therapy and early detection of diagnosis and recurrence.
MgNb2O6 Modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Eco‐Piezoceramics: Scalable Processing, Structural Distortion and Complex Impedance at Resonance
Authors: Iacomini Antonio , Garroni Sebastiano , Senes Nina , Mulas Gabriele , Enzo Stefano , Poddighe Matteo , García Álvaro , Bartolomé José F. , Pardo Lorena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, piezoceramics of the lead‐free composition K0.5Na0.5NbO3 with an increasing amount of MgNb2O6 (0, 0.5, 1, 2 wt.%) were prepared through conventional solid‐state synthesis and sintered in air atmosphere at 1100 °C. The effect of magnesium niobate addition on structure, microstructure and piezoelectric properties was evaluated. The ceramics maintain the orthorhombic Amm2 phase for all compositions, while an orthorhombic Pbcm secondary phase was found for increasing the concentration of MgNb2O6. Our results show that densification of these ceramics can be significantly improved up to 94.9 % of theoretical density by adding a small amount of magnesium‐based oxide (1 wt.%). Scanning electron microscopy morphology of the 1 wt.% system reveals a well‐packed structure with homogeneous grain size of ∼2.72 μm. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties become optimal for 0.5–1.0 wt.% of MgNb2O6 that shows, with respect to the unmodified composition, either higher piezoelectric coefficients, lower anisotropy and relatively low piezoelectric losses (d33=97 pC N−1; d31=−36.99 pC N−1 and g31=−14.04×10−3 mV N−1; Qp(d31)=76 and Qp(g31)=69) or enhanced electromechanical coupling factors (kp=29.06 % and k31=17.25 %).
Prognostic value of detection of CD99+, CD45− cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry in children with Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Zakzok Osama , Elshanshory Mohamed , Zekri Wael , Elsharkawy Nahla , Zaky Iman , Salama Asmaa , Kamel Ahmed , Elantably Ismail , Said Shebl 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of metastasis and recurrence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) is important for early management. This work aimed to detect CD99+, CD45− cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (FC) before and during chemotherapy and evaluate their prognostic significance.ProcedureThis prospective cohort study was carried out on 60 children newly diagnosed with ES at Children Cancer Hospital‐Egypt 57357 and 40 healthy children control group. Detection of CD99+, CD45− cells in peripheral blood was accomplished by FC at baseline before treatment and after five cycles of chemotherapy. Samples were classified as positive if they had more than the upper limit of cells observed in the control cases. Correlation between FC results and relapse and overall survival (OS) after one year was performed.ResultsMedian percentage of CD99+, CD45− cells was significantly increased in patients compared with controls (0.002% vs 0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Post‐cycle 5 CD99+, CD45− cells were increased in 12 patients, of them 11 patients’ disease had either relapsed or progressed. Post‐cycle 5 CD99+; CD45− cells had a 73.3% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity for predicting relapse or progression, whereas baseline only had 6.7% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity. The hazard ratio for mortality in the post‐cycle 5 positive group was 18.4 [95% confidence interval (1.86 to 181.46)] times that of the negative group. One year OS was 91.67%.ConclusionPost‐cycle 5 CD99+, CD45− cells in peripheral blood by FC is a strong predictor for relapse, progression, and mortality whereas baseline is a poor predictor in newly diagnosed patients with ES.
The stability of aliphatic azo linkages influences the controlled scission of degradable polyurethanes
Authors: Rajappan Sinu C. , Davis Brad J. , Thornell Travis L. , Simon Yoan C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA better understanding of polymer degradation and post‐degradation processes are essential for the development of novel degradable polymers. Herein, we present the synthesis of a new aliphatic azo‐containing polyurethane and its degradation behavior toward external stimuli like heat and UV light. A relatively stable radical forming azo‐monomer present in the current polyurethane is readily undergoing thermal degradation, whereas the azo‐group is less susceptible to optical degradation. A comparison of the stimuli‐responsive properties of the new azo‐polymer with a previously known, relatively active radical forming monomer incorporated azo‐polymer reveals the dependencies of the monomer and radical stability in the controlled degradation process. Our results point toward the importance of radical activity in azo‐containing polymers.
Cheese and cheese infusions: ecological traps for mosquitoes and spotted wing Drosophila
Authors: Peach Daniel AH , Almond Max , Ko Elton , Meraj Sanam , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHarnessing insect ecology for insect control is an innovative concept that seeks to exploit, among others, insect–microbe ecological interactions for improved control of pest insects. Microbe‐produced cheese odour attracts several dipterans, including host‐seeking mosquitoes, but this phenomenon has not been thoroughly explored for mosquito control. Here we tested the hypothesis that attraction of mosquitoes to cheese odour can be exploited as an ecological trap for mosquito control.RESULTSIn laboratory and/or field experiments, we show that (i) each of five cheese varieties tested (Raclette, Pecorino, Brie, Gruyere, Limburger) strongly attracts female Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens; (ii) cheese infusions, or headspace odourant extracts (HOEs) of cheese infusions, significantly affect oviposition choices by mosquitoes, (iii) HOEs contain at least 13 odourants; (iv) in field settings, cheese infusions more effectively stimulate mosquito oviposition than positive bluegrass infusion controls, and also capture (by drowning) the spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii; and (v) home‐made cheese infusions modulate oviposition choices by mosquito females and affect the survivorship of their offspring larvae.CONCLUSIONOur data show that microbial metabolites associated with cheese are attractive to mosquito females seeking hosts and oviposition sites and are likely toxic to mosquito larvae. These microbes and their metabolites could thus be co‐opted for both the attract, and the kill, function of ‘attract & kill’ mosquito control tactics. Implementation of customizable and non‐conventional nutritional media as microbe‐based ecological traps presents a promising concept which exploits insect ecology for insect control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.