bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles incorporated into Alginate Impression Material: An In vitro Study
Authors: Al-Nema Hamzah , Al-Nema Luma , Al-Ali Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
In dental clinics, disinfecting alginate impression materials is a critical practice to prevent cross-infection. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been explored for their potential antimicrobial properties, making them promising additives for dental materials. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs incorporated into alginate impression materials and assesses the impact on material flow. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of ZnO NPs when incorporated into alginate impression material and to examine its effect on the material’s flow properties.

Materials and Methods:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into an irreversible hydrocolloid alginate impression material at varying concentrations. The antimicrobial properties were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The well-diffusion test was employed to observe zone inhibition. The flow properties of the modified alginate were evaluated using a standardized flow test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphological characteristics and nanoparticle distribution in the alginate matrix. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test, with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The results showed that the MIC for ZnO NPs against Candida albicans was 5% by weight, and the MFC was 10% by weight. For Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC was also 5%, with the MBC at 10%. The incorporation of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant reduction in the flow of the alginate material. SEM images revealed a random distribution of ZnO NPs within the alginate matrix, suggesting uniform incorporation.

Conclusion:
The incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into alginate impression materials conferred both antibacterial and antifungal properties, with effective antimicrobial activity observed at concentrations as low as 5%. However, the addition of ZnO NPs led to a decrease in the material’s flow, which may affect the handling characteristics of the alginate. Clinically, the antimicrobial properties of ZnO NP-enhanced alginate could reduce the risk of cross-contamination in dental settings, but the alteration in flow must be considered when selecting or modifying impression materials for clinical use. Future studies should focus on optimizing the concentration of ZnO NPs to balance antimicrobial efficacy with material performance.
Comparative Study of Anti-COVID Mouthwash and Remineralization Agents on Dentinal Tubular Occlusion: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Soleimanyfar Mohammad Faruq , Tabatabaei Somayeh Hosseini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Tooth sensitivity caused by exposed dentin tubules is a common clinical problem requiring correct treatment methods. Owing to the spread of the COVID-19 virus, it has become common to use different mouthwashes, including 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), before dental procedures. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of 1.5% HP, tooth mousse casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) toothpaste on dentinal tubular occlusion.

Materials and Methods:
In this laboratory interventional study, eighty dentin disks with a thickness of 15 mm were prepared from permanent human molar teeth. Five dentin disks were randomly placed in the untreated group (Group 1). The remaining dentin disks were immersed in 5 mL of 17% Ethylendiaminetetraacetic. Fifteen disks were randomly isolated from the resulting slices, constituting Group 2. The remnants of the disks were submerged in 15 mL of 1.5% HP. Then, they were randomly divided into four groups: not affected by any substance (Group 3), immersed in the artificial saliva (Group 4), tooth mousse CPP-ACP (Group 5), and n-HAP toothpaste (Group 6). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluated the dentinal tubular occlusion in each group, according to the following scoring criteria: Score 1: no occlusion; Score 2: less than 50%; Score 3: more than 50%; Score 4: almost all dentin tubules. Two observers ranked the micrographs separately. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests analyzed the findings (P < 0.05).

Results:
There was a significant difference in the degree of dentin tubule occlusion among the six groups (P < 0.001). The HP group significantly differed with CPP-ACP, n-HAP, and artificial saliva (P < 0.001). Among the interfering experimental materials, the n-HAP demonstrated the highest rate of tubular obstruction (P < 0.05), with the first observer reporting that 66.7% scored 3 and 26.7% scored 4 and the second observer reporting that 73.3% scored 3 and 13.3% scored 4.

Conclusion:
The study’s findings suggest that the anti-COVID mouthwash did not amend dentin tubule obstruction, whereas the n-HAP toothpaste showed the best blockage. This implies that in patients with tooth sensitivity who use preprocedural anti-COVID mouthwash, the n-HAP toothpaste could be a beneficial choice to enhance dentinal tubule blockage.
Proposed Classification of Midline Lingual Canal: A CBCT Study
Authors: Khatri Mansi A. , Jani Yesha V. , Jha Reeta , Misra Deepankar , Modi Siddharth G. , Patel Harmi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has identified some important anatomical landmarks in inter-foraminal region, which can contribute to the explanation of hemorrhagic and nervous disturbances occurring in this region following implant placement.

Materials And Methods:
The study included 100 subjects. CBCT scans were performed. The number of midline lingual foramina and their diameter was measured. The length of the midline lingual canal, direction, and distances of the canal from the crest of the ridge, lower border of mandible, labial cortex, and lingual cortex were measured.

Results:
All subjects showed at least one Midline Lingual Canal (MLC). The average diameter was 1.67 mm. Average length of the canal was 7.34 mm. Thirty percent of subjects are in group N (single canals), 70% of subjects are in group M (multiple canals). The maximum canals were in D2 group (80%).

Conclusion:
CBCT can facilitate the visibility of MLC, if any. Clinicians should take note of the position of the midline mandibular lingual canal and approach this area with caution.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents, Irrigation Solutions, and Surface Disinfection Techniques for Preventing Bacterial Contamination and Biofilm Formation on Implant Surfaces In Vitro
Authors: Priyadharsana PS , Dubey Vertika , Kaur Prabhleen , Nagar Priya , Chethan J , Priyanka BB 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Peri-implant diseases, driven by bacterial biofilms, threaten long-term implant success. This study evaluated various antimicrobial agents for preventing bacterial contamination and biofilm formation on implant surfaces.

Methods:
Ultraviolet radiation type C (UV-C) light, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), chlorhexidine (CHX), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were tested against bacterial cultures. Log reduction values quantified bacterial population decrease. Biofilm formation was assessed using crystal violet staining and optical density at 570 (OD570) measurements.

Results:
UV-C and PVP-I showed the highest log reductions (3.7067, 3.6200), followed by CHX (2.9467) and H2O2 (2.3800). UV-C and PVP-I most effectively inhibited biofilm formation (OD570: 0.0600, 0.0800), followed by CHX (0.1200) and H2O2 (0.1767).

Conclusion:
UV-C and PVP-I demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing bacterial load and inhibiting biofilm formation, suggesting potential as valuable tools for preventing and managing peri-implant infections.
Comparison and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sesame Oil, Coconut Oil, and Sunflower Oil Pulling on Gingival Health—A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mehta Meghna , Majumder Prasanta , Chowdhury Dibyendu Dam , Kalai Praveen , Adhil K. Mohamed , Nath Shib Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Compare and evaluate the efficacy of sesame oil, coconut oil, and sunflower oil pulling on gingival health.

Methodology:
Triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted by using three different oils in three groups.

Results:
All three oils were found to be effective on gingival health but coconut oil is found to be more effective.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that all three oils were effective in improving gingival health.
Periodontal Inflammation as a Modifiable Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in the Indian Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Edake Dhairaysheel N. , Nema Sandhya , Laxmipriya Manoharmayum , Vediya Shailja S. , Kochar Deepak , Laddha Rashmi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health concern in India, with exacerbations leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, may affect COPD outcomes by promoting systemic inflammation. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal inflammation and the risk of COPD exacerbations in the Indian population.

Methods:
A total of 2500 participants with established COPD from various regions of India were enrolled and followed for five years. Baseline assessments included comprehensive periodontal evaluations, with measurements of clinical parameters and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6). COPD exacerbations were defined as events requiring medical intervention, such as hospitalization, emergency room visits, or changes in medication.

Results:
Periodontal inflammation, measured by clinical attachment loss and elevated inflammatory markers, was significantly associated with a higher risk of COPD exacerbations (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.7–3.1), even after adjusting for confounders. Specific periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers were identified as strong predictors of future exacerbations.

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence that periodontal inflammation is an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for COPD exacerbations in the Indian population. Addressing periodontal health as a part of COPD management may offer a novel approach to reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, thereby improving quality of life and clinical outcomes.
A Correlation Study of Birthing Ball Technique and Sacral Massage on Maternal and Fetal Well-being Among Parturient Women: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trail
Authors: Madavan Sundaram , Gopalakrishnan Bhuvaneswari , Anand Chandrika , Thenmozhi  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A woman’s pregnancy might be challenging because there are so many changes happening at the time. Most women who give birth have severe labor pain. Women typically use a number of coping strategies, including both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological, or more natural, techniques, to minimize labor discomfort. “Non-pharmacological coping strategies” refers to methods other than using medications to alleviate labor pain.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to correlate birthing ball exercise and sacral massage on maternal and fetal well-being among prim parturient women

Methods:
A quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 300 primigravidae with 150 each in the experimental and control groups were selected by purposive sampling. Primigravidae in the experiment group underwent birthing ball exercises and sacral massage during their active phase of labor. The control group received routine hospital standard care. The Visual Analog Pain Scale, GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Scale, Apgar score, and Rating scale on Satisfaction were used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data.

Results:
The findings of the study showed that the mutual correlation coefficients of the level of satisfaction, pain perception, anxiety, cervical dilatation, uterine contraction, and fetal heart rate of the control group post-test-2 are given.

Conclusion:
As a non-pharmacological intervention, the birthing ball technique and sacral massage are necessary to decrease pain perception and reduce anxiety level, which will increase cervical dilatation.
Nursing Staff Knowledge Towards COVID-19 in Majmaah Region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alasiry Sharifa M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 is a major concern globally and locally in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although the Saudi Ministry of Health has set standard precautions, the number of critical cases have not been reduced. During the global pandemic, nurses play very important roles when dealing with COVID-19 patients, with strong involvement in clinical management, awareness, knowledge sharing, and public safety.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and assess the level of knowledge, perception, and skills of nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and Method:
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted through an online questionnaire specifically intended for nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia. The survey yielded 66 responses.

Findings:
Findings suggest that the Knowledge scale is significantly strong and positive. Additionally, we found that preparedness and skill levels are similar between all age groups of nurses. Likewise, there was a significant difference between nurses who answered the survey in Arabic and those who completed it in English. The findings suggest that nursing staff have an acceptable level of knowledge and a positive outlook on overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that poses a significant threat to public health. The current study provides a comprehensive assessment of the knowledge, preparedness, and skills of the nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Correlation of Untreated Dental Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Amongst School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deshpande Shantanu , Mistry Laresh , Shekatkar Madhura , Kheur Supriya , Agarwal Sumeet , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Untreated dental caries can drastically affect a child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of untreated caries and their impact on children’s quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
The oral cavity of 640 children aged 12-15 years attending municipal corporation secondary schools was examined using the PUFA index. OHRQoL was assessed with the Child Oral Health Impact Profile - Simplified (COHIP-SF) questionnaire, comprising 19 questions.

Results:
The mean PUFA score was 0.98 ± 1.356, and the mean COHIP total score was 15.32 ± 11.34. The total COHIP score exhibited a strong negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.80) with the PUFA score.

Conclusion:
Higher PUFA scores had detrimental effects on quality of life, with the greatest concerns in socio-emotional well-being and self-image.
The Impact of Customized Interventions on Antenatal Mothers’ Body Mass Index
Authors: Sathiyabama G , Kalabarathi S , Nidhisharma  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Antenatal exercise andYoga improves strength, balance and flexibility and reduces maternal stress and yield better outcome of pregnancy.

Aim:
To assess and compare effect of yoga nad exercise on maternal Body mass Index Material and methods Sample size 132 and each group 33 samples one control and 3 experimental group. The YG and EG groups received prenatal exercise 40 minutes and yoga 20 minutes intervention 2 days per week consecutively 16 weeks provided. At 20th week the Pre test BMI and 36 week post test Measured.

Results:
Control group gradually improved BMI comparing to all Experimental groups, Significantly at P.0.001 level. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion:
Customized yoga and prenatal exercise interventions will be more helpful in bringing BMI back to normal.
Evaluating the Psychological Effect of Orthodontic Treatment after 1 Year Using Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Indian Subjects: A Prospective Assessment
Authors: Bai JK Sonia , Prasad Sambhu , Dubey Nitu , Panni Padma , Jha Awanindra K. , Sinha Abhik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The effect of dental malocclusion and management on functional and psychological wellbeing is a topic of interest.

Aim:
The study was conducted to assess the change in the psychological effect of malocclusion using PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire) adopted for Indian subjects after 1 year of orthodontic treatment.

Methods:
The study assessed 186 subjects needing fixed orthodontic treatment where PIDAQ translated in Hindi was used after pretesting. All subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire at pretreatment and 1 year following treatment as T1 and T2. Also, IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) was used to assess self-perception and severity of malocclusion.

Results:
A statistically significant decrease in each factor and total PIDAQ score was seen after 1 year of treatment (P < 0.001). A positive association was seen between IOTN-AC (IOTN-Aesthetic Component) and psychological malocclusion impact.

Conclusion:
The psychometric PIDAQ scores instrument can be used as an OHRQoL (Oral Health-Related Quality of Life) assessment tool in Indian subjects for further research assessment.
Impact of Telephonic Reinforcement on Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Interventional Study at a Tertiary Healthcare Center
Authors: Bansal Reemu , Katyayani Ambi , Bethamcherla Bala C. , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Ranjan Rajiv , Murugesan Lakshmi , Sivakumar Nithila , Raj Darshan K. , Jain Rishabh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent endocrine disease in children, requiring consistent management of diet, physical activity, insulin delivery, and glucose monitoring. Telemedicine has shown benefits for adults with chronic diseases, but its effectiveness for pediatric T1DM in India is less explored. This study compares glycemic control in pediatric T1DM patients before and after telephonic reinforcement.

Methodology:
A prospective interventional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in India. Thirty-five pediatric T1DM patients were included, with baseline characteristics recorded. Patients received telephonic support three times a month for nine months, focusing on blood sugar monitoring, insulin administration, and follow-ups. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean HbA1c level decreased significantly from 11.85 ± 1.15 at baseline to 9.05 ± 1.55 at nine months (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Telephonic reinforcement improved glycemic control and compliance in pediatric T1DM patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
Efficacy of Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Azithromycin in Cesarean Sections
Authors: Thirunavukkarausu Sumangali , Chinnappa Poornima , Kaliamoorthi Anupriya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a serious concern in cesarean sections, leading to research on improved preventive measures, to evaluate the effectiveness of standard antibiotic prophylaxis alone versus an extended regimen that includes azithromycin in reducing SSIs in nonelective cesarean sections.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial, 288 women who were undergoing nonelective cesarean sections at a tertiary care hospital in South India were involved. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving standard prophylaxis with cefazolin and the other receiving an extended regimen with azithromycin. The main focus was on the occurrence of SSIs within six weeks after the surgery.

Results:
The extended regimen group had a slightly lower incidence of SSIs (1.42%) compared to the standard regimen group (6.12%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.112).

Conclusion:
Although the inclusion of azithromycin alongside standard prophylactic antibiotics demonstrated a slight decrease in SSIs, the results did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate potential advantages in certain patient groups, which should be explored in more detail.
In vitro Evaluation of Titanium Exfoliation during Simulated Surgical Insertion of Dental Implants
Authors: Mishra Tanisha , Kukreja Bhavna Jha , Patel Ruchi , Ghadage Mahesh , Dalave Pranita , Kumari Shivani , Pattnaik Naina , Jadhav Manish S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Titanium dental implants are widely used due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the potential for titanium particle exfoliation during surgical insertion remains a concern, as it may affect osseointegration and peri-implant health. This study aims to evaluate the extent of titanium exfoliation during simulated surgical insertion of dental implants.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 titanium dental implants were surgically inserted into synthetic bone blocks using a standardized drilling protocol. The procedure was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to simulate clinical conditions. Titanium particle exfoliation was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at multiple insertion depths (0 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm). The quantity of titanium particles was measured and analyzed statistically.

Results:
The SEM and EDS analyses revealed significant titanium exfoliation at each insertion depth. The mean number of titanium particles detected at 0 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm depths were 25 ± 5, 45 ± 8, and 60 ± 10 particles per mm2, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in particle count with increasing depth of insertion (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that titanium exfoliation occurs during the surgical insertion of dental implants and increases with the depth of insertion. This exfoliation could potentially impact peri-implant tissue health and osseointegration. Further clinical studies are necessary to assess the long-term effects of titanium particle exfoliation on implant success.