bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among direct support workers of adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Couderc Sylvie , Cousson‐Gélie Florence , Pernon Eric , Porro Bertrand , Miot Stéphanie , Baghdadli Amaria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDirect support workers (DSWs) accompany adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in residential care homes. Such DSWs, without specialised ASD training, are exposed to chronic stress linked to supporting ASD‐ID clients and must adjust by coping strategies adapted to the needs of the residents. Nevertheless, difficulties adjusting constitute a burnout risk for DSWs, characterised by high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and loss of a sense of personal accomplishment. We aimed to describe the burnout of DSWs who support adults with ASD‐ID and to identify personal variables (experience and specialised training for ASD) and transactional variables (perceived stress and coping strategies) that could predict and mediate burnout.MethodIn total, 125 DSWs accompanying ASD‐ID adults on a daily basis were included. Each participant answered four questionnaires measuring burnout, sociodemographic and professional variables, coping strategies and perceived stress.ResultsFive per cent of DSWs were in a state of burnout. Eighteen, six and fifty‐nine per cent showed high average scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and loss of a sense of personal accomplishment, respectively. Being older, specialised training in ASD, stress perceived as a challenge and problem‐focused coping strategies were associated with low levels of depersonalisation and loss of a sense of personal accomplishment.ConclusionsUnderstanding the burnout process of ASD‐ID DSWs may require the assessment of the organisational characteristics linked to the quality of life of the DSWs and the recognition of their specific needs when facing difficulties. The necessary ASD‐focused training and support depends on an appraisal that would be individualised to adult ASD‐ID DSWs.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐incompatible mean fluorescence intensity‐selected platelet products have corrected count increments similar to HLA antigen‐matched platelets
Authors: Karafin Matthew S. , Schumacher Connie , Zhang Jian , Simpson Pippa , Johnson Susan T. , Pierce Karen L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonor specific antibody sum mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values have been successfully used in transplant medicine to assess risk for organ rejection. However, little is known regarding whether MFI values could be similarly used to aid in platelet product selection. We have developed a novel protocol where MFI values are used to offer human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐incompatible platelet products when HLA antigen‐matched products are not available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this protocol.MethodsWe performed a 4‐year retrospective chart review for all patients who received at least one MFI‐selected platelet product. A corrected count increment (CCI) was calculated for each transfusion event. A mixed effects model was used to investigate the association between CCIs for MFI‐selected, HLA antigen matched, and random donor platelet transfusions. A random effects expectation‐maximization regression tree was used to define the extent to which other patient variables, such as age, sex, and diagnosis impacted the CCI for each platelet transfusion.ResultsTwenty highly HLA alloimmunized patients received a total of 591 platelets. MFI‐selected platelet (low MFI) transfusions had a significantly higher median CCI 0–6 hour post‐transfusion (13,559, interquartile range [IQR]: 8275–18,736) compared to random donor platelets (2121, IQR: 0–10,368, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in median CCI between HLA antigen matched and MFI selected platelet transfusions (p = 0.2). Mixed effects and regression modeling revealed that MFI‐selected platelet products had a significantly higher CCI than non‐matched platelets, even when accounting for other significant patient variables.ConclusionMFI‐selected HLA‐incompatible platelet products could provide a comparable alternative to traditional HLA antigen‐matched platelet products.
Estimating the ex‐ante and the ex‐post effects of Chinese outward FDI
Authors: Baiardi Donatella , Gattai Valeria , Natale Piergiovanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the performance of Chinese enterprises. Using firm‐level panel data over the period 2008–2014, we introduce a taxonomy of outward FDI that accounts for the decision to invest abroad and the location of foreign affiliates. Through different specifications, we show systematic differences in performance between FDI starters and non‐starters two years before and two years after the first investment by the starters. This fact points to the existence of strong ex‐ante and ex‐post effects of Chinese outward FDI. On one hand, we provide evidence – so far not present in the literature – that the best performing Chinese firms self‐select into outward FDI. On the other hand, controlling for endogeneity through propensity score matching (PSM) techniques, we detect significant learning effects from outward FDI to firm‐level performance. Interestingly, these effects are heterogeneous with respect to destination, with deeper learning for Chinese enterprises investing in Asia.
Novel factors that activate and deactivate cardiac fibroblasts: A new perspective for treatment of cardiac fibrosis
Authors: de Oliveira Camargo Rebeca , Abual'anaz Besher , Rattan Sunil G. , Filomeno Krista L. , Dixon Ian M. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeart disease with attendant cardiac fibrosis kills more patients in developed countries than any other disease, including cancer. We highlight the recent literature on factors that activate and also deactivate cardiac fibroblasts. Activation of cardiac fibroblasts results in myofibroblasts phenotype which incorporates aSMA to stress fibres, express ED‐A fibronectin, elevated PDGFRα and are hypersecretory ECM components. These cells facilitate both acute wound healing (infarct site) and chronic cardiac fibrosis. Quiescent fibroblasts are associated with normal myocardial tissue and provide relatively slow turnover of the ECM. Deactivation of activated myofibroblasts is a much less studied phenomenon. In this context, SKI is a known negative regulator of TGFb1/Smad signalling, and thus may share functional similarity to PPARγ activation. The discovery of SKI's potent anti‐fibrotic role, and its ability to deactivate and/or myofibroblasts is featured and contrasted with PPARγ. While myofibroblasts are typically recruited from pools of potential precursor cells in a variety of organs, the importance of activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts has been recently emphasised. Myofibroblasts deposit ECM components at an elevated rate and contribute to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction with attendant cardiac fibrosis. A major knowledge gap exists as to specific proteins that may signal for fibroblast deactivation. As SKI may be a functionally pluripotent protein, we suggest that it serves as a scaffold to proteins other than R‐Smads and associated Smad signal proteins, and thus its anti‐fibrotic effects may extend beyond binding R‐Smads. While cardiac fibrosis is causal to heart failure, the treatment of cardiac fibrosis is hampered by the lack of availability of effective pharmacological anti‐fibrotic agents. The current review will provide an overview of work highlighting novel factors which cause fibroblast activation and deactivation to underscore putative therapeutic avenues for improving disease outcomes in cardiac patients with fibrosed hearts.
Determinants of physical activity in older adults: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: D’Amore Cassandra , Bhatnagar Neera , Kirkwood Renata , Griffith Lauren E. , Richardson Julie , Beauchamp Marla 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for determinants of physical activity in older adults.

Introduction:
Physical activity is an important predictor of multi-morbidity, falls, and cognitive decline in older adulthood. Understanding what influences older adults’ physical activity behavior is an important first step for guiding effective interventions for promoting physical activity in this population.

Inclusion criteria:
This umbrella review will include systematic reviews (including scoping reviews) reporting on the relationship between determinants (also referred to as correlates or factors), measured by either self-report or direct measurement, and physical activity in adults ≥60 years.

Methods:
A systematic search of six databases will be completed in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and AgeLine. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and perform data extraction and quality assessment. Evidence for determinants of physical activity will be synthesized using the socio-ecological model. If possible, evidence will be compared by study design, type of physical activity, outcome measure used, setting, and sex.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42020159332
Effectiveness and usability of mobile health applications for medication adherence in patients with heart failure: a systematic review protocol
Authors: de Barros Kátia Adriana Alves Leite , Martins Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras , Praxedes Marcus Fernando da Silva , Ribeiro Antônio Luiz Pinho 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review will assess the effectiveness and usability of mobile health applications to improve medication adherence in patients with heart failure.

Introduction:
Poor medication adherence by heart failure patients is a major cause of negative clinical outcomes, high rates of hospital readmissions, and death, thereby increasing costs for patients and the health care system. Several studies have shown that the use of mobile health applications improves self-care by heart failure patients, including medication adherence. Therefore, gathering evidence on these studies will help researchers and clinicians understand the impact of such interventions on patient care.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will evaluate medication adherence in participants aged ≥18 years diagnosed with heart failure who are using app-based (software) interventions. Experimental and observational studies will be included. We will exclude studies with interventions that used mobile applications without functionality to assist the user in organizing and taking their medications.

Methods:
Articles published from database inception to the present day, without language restrictions, will be selected from Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will screen articles, assess methodological quality, and extract data using JBI assessment and extraction instruments. Discrepancies will be solved by consensus and a third reviewer will be consulted if necessary. A narrative synthesis of findings will be presented, and statistical analysis will be used when appropriate.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020147816
Impact on Anode Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Deep Cryogenic Treated SnSb/C Nanofiber Derived From Inorganic Precursors
Authors: Chen Yu , Yan Yuan , Sun Gang , Liu Wei , Ma Min , Zhou Huimin , Cheng Lu , Zhang Hualong , Xia Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The major obstacle prohibiting the practical application of Sn-based anodes is drastic volume variation during cycling processes. Here, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was acted as a carbon source, and stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) and antimony chloride (SbCl3) were used as SnSb precursors. SnSb/C nanofibers were prepared via simple electrospinning, deep cryogenic treatment, and carbonization, and it is applied in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to achieve excellent cycle performance (115.5% capacity retention for 100 cycles). The improvement of electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of deep cryogenic treated special SnSb/C nanofibers precursor. In the deep cryogenic treatment process, the crystalline water in the precursor has a pore-forming effect, and the porous nanofiber structure leads to the phenomenon of capacity increase. The above results indicate that comprehensive consideration of deep cryogenic treatment and nanofiber precursors is a new idea to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs anode materials.
Investigation and Optimization of Diesel Engine Outputs Under Undi Biodiesel-Diesel Strategies
Authors: Madane Pravin Ashok , Bhowmik Subrata , Panua Rajsekhar , Varma P. Sandeep , Paul Abhishek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present investigation accentuates the impact of Undi biodiesel blended diesel on combustion, performance, and exhaust fume profiles of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Five Undi biodiesel-diesel blends were prepared and tested at four variable loads over a constant speed of 1500 (±10) rpm. The Undi biodiesel incorporation to diesel notably improved the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) of the engine. The higher amount of Undi biodiesel addition enhanced the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) of the engine. In addition, the Undi biodiesel facilitated the reduction of the major pollutants, such as unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM) emissions with slightly higher oxides of nitrogen emissions of the engine. To this end, a trade-off study was introduced to locate the favorable diesel engine operating conditions under Undi biodiesel-diesel strategies. The optimal results of the engine operation were found to be 32.65% of brake thermal efficiency, 1.21 g/kWh of brake specific cumulated oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbon, 0.94 g/kWh of brake specific carbon monoxide (BSCO), and 0.32 g/kWh of brake specific particulate matter (BSPM) for 50% (by volume) Undi biodiesel blend at 5.6 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) with a relative closeness value of 0.978, which brings up the pertinence of the trade-off study in diesel engine platforms.
Journalists’ views on media coverage of medical tests and overdiagnosis: a qualitative study
Authors: O'Keeffe Mary , Nickel Brooke , Dakin Thomas , Maher Chris G , Albarqouni Loai , McCaffery Kirsten , Barratt Alexandra , Moynihan Ray 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePromotional media coverage of early detection tests is an important driver of overdiagnosis. Following research evidence that global media coverage presents the benefits of testing healthy people far more frequently than harms, and gives little coverage to overdiagnosis, we sought to examine journalists’ views on media reporting of tests, overdiagnosis, and strategies to improve critical reporting on tests.DesignQualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews. Interviews were conducted between February and March 2020 and were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants and settingTwenty-two journalists (mainly specialising in health reporting, average 14.5 years’ experience) based in Australia.ResultsThis sample of journalists acknowledged the potential harms of medical tests but felt that knowledge of harms was low among journalists and the public at large. Most were aware of the term overdiagnosis, but commonly felt that it is challenging to both understand and communicate in light of strong beliefs in the benefits of early detection. Journalists felt that newsworthiness in the form of major public health impact was the key ingredient for stories about medical tests. The journalists acknowledged that factors, like the press release and ‘click bait culture’ in particular, can influence the framing of coverage about tests. Lack of knowledge and training, as well as time pressures, were perceived to be the main barriers to critical reporting on tests. Journalists felt that training and better access to information about potential harms would enable more critical reporting.ConclusionsEffectively communicating overdiagnosis is a challenge in light of common beliefs about the benefits of testing and the culture of current journalism practices. Providing journalists with training, support and better access to information about potential harms of tests could aid critical reporting of tests.
Proton therapy for craniopharyngioma in adults: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Pengtao , Wang Jialing , Axier Aximujiang , Zhou Kai , Yun Jingwei , Wang Huayi , Zhang Tingrong , Li Shaoshan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCraniopharyngioma is the most challenging to treat brain tumour with high recurrence rates, which can be effectively reduced by adjuvant radiotherapy. In recent years, proton therapy (PT), with its physical properties of heavy ion beam, that is, Prague peak phenomenon, has been more frequently used in patients with craniopharyngioma. Compared with conventional X-ray beam radiotherapy, PT can reduce the damage to normal tissues and enlarge the damage to tumours. Some studies have shown that PT has advantages in the treatment of craniopharyngioma in adults. However, the optimal management of craniopharyngioma remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PT for craniopharyngioma in adults.Methods and analysisWe will search six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Amed, Scopus), clinical research registration websites and grey literature, aiming to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on PT for craniopharyngioma in adults between 1 January 1954 and 28 September 2021. In the RCTs, PT will be used as the intervention group, and conventional X-ray beam radiotherapy will be used as the comparator group. Tumour recurrence and survival will be the primary outcome, and treatment-related toxicity will be the secondary outcome. The study selection, data extraction, bias risk and quality evaluation will be operated by two to four researchers independently. We will use Review Manager V.5.2 (RevMan V.5.2) for data analysis. If there is significant heterogeneity, we will identify the source of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis.Ethics and disseminationOur study is based on existing RCTs and does not require ethical approval. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or at a related conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200909.
Acceptance and commitment therapy for young brain tumour survivors: study protocol for an acceptability and feasibility trial
Authors: Malins Sam , Owen Ray , Wright Ingram , Borrill Heather , Limond Jenny , Gibson Faith , Grundy Richard G , Bailey Simon , Clifford Steven C , Lowis Stephen , Lemon James , Hayes Louise , Thomas Sophie 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSurvivors of childhood brain tumours have the poorest health-related quality of life of all cancer survivors due to the multiple physical and psychological sequelae of brain tumours and their treatment. Remotely delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may be a suitable and accessible psychological intervention to support young people who have survived brain tumours. This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of remotely delivered ACT to improve quality of life among these young survivors.Methods and analysisThis study is a two-arm, parallel group, randomised controlled trial comparing ACT with waitlist control at 12-week follow-up as the primary endpoint. Seventy-two participants will be recruited, who are aged 11–24 and have completed brain tumour treatment. Participants will be randomised to receive 12 weeks of ACT either immediately or after a 12-week wait. The DNA-v model of ACT will be employed, which is a developmentally appropriate model for young people. Feasibility will be assessed using the proportion of those showing interest who consent to the trial and complete the intervention. Acceptability will be assessed using participant evaluations of the intervention, alongside qualitative interviews and treatment diaries analysed thematically. A range of clinical outcome measures will also assess physical and mental health, everyday functioning, quality of life and service usage at 12-week follow-up. The durability of treatment effects will be assessed by further follow-up assessments at 24 weeks, 36 weeks and 48 weeks.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was given by East Midlands, Nottingham 1 Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 20/EM/0237). Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, through public events and relevant third sector organisations.Trial registrationISRCTN10903290;NCT04722237.
Prognostic Value of the Red Cell Distribution Width in Patients with Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Huabin , Huang Junbin , Liao Wenhua , Xu Jiannan , He Zhongyuan , Liu Yong , He Zhijie , Chen Chun 
Published: June 2021

Objective. The prognostic value of the red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still elusive. This study is aimed at determining whether RDW is a prognostic indicator of sepsis-induced ARDS. Methods. This retrospective cohort study included 1161 patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. The datasets were acquired from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The locally weighted scatter-plot smoothing technique, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier estimator, and subgroup analysis were carried out to evaluate the association between RDW and 90-day mortality. Results. The RDW and mortality had a roughly linear increasing relationship. The Cox regression model results were as follows: for level 2 (

14.5
%
<
RDW
<
16.2
%

), hazard

ratio

HR

=
1.35

, 95% confidence

interval

CI

=
1.03
–
1.77

, and for level 3 (

RDW
≥
16.2
%

),

HR
=
2.07

, 95%

CI
=
1.59
–
2.69

. The following results were obtained when RDW was treated as a continuous variable:

HR
=
1.11

,

95
%
CI
=
1.06
–
1.15

. The

P

values of the interaction between the RDW and covariates were greater than 0.05. Conclusion. RDW is a new independent prognostic marker for patients with sepsis-induced ARDS.