bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto G1 is the predominant genotype in human and livestock isolates from Turkey and Iran, based on mitochondrial nad5 gene differentiation
Authors: Shahabi Saeed , Sarkari Bahador , Barazesh Afshin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Different genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) isolated from livestock and humans have been identified based on cox1 and nad1 genomic fragments. The present study was performed to differentiate the G1/G3 genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus (s.s.) isolated from humans and livestock (sheep and cattle) from Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran, Fars Province in southern Iran, and Van province in Eastern Turkey, using the nad5 gene fragment as a suitable marker to distinguish these two genotypes.

Methods
A total of 60 pathologically confirmed human hydatid cysts and 90 hydatid cyst samples from livestock were collected from Turkey and Iran. PCR was performed on all of the samples, targeting the nad5 gene. Based on PCR product quality, host type, and the geographical area where the samples were obtained, 36 of the samples were sequenced and were used in the phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Out of 36 evaluated samples, 26 (72.2%) samples belonged to G1, and 10 (27.8%) samples belonged to the G3 genotype. Out of 21 samples from Turkey, 16 (76.2%) were G1 and 5 (23.8%) were G3, while out of 15 samples from Iran, 10 (66.7%) were G1 and 5 (33.3%) were the G3 genotype. None of the samples isolated from humans in Iran or from sheep in Turkey were G3. Overall, between the two countries, 18.18% of E. granulosus isolates in cattle, 41.66% of isolates in sheep, and 23.07% of human samples were identified as G3, and the others as the G1 genotype. The G3 genotype was not detected in human samples from Iran or sheep samples from Turkey.

Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that the G1 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. is the predominant genotype in humans and livestock, both in Turkey and Iran. The ratio of the E. granulosus s.s. G1 to G3 genotype was 3.2 in Turkey and 2 in Iran. The study also further confirmed that the nad5 gene properly differentiated the G1/G3 isolates of E. granulosus from both humans and livestock.

Graphical Abstract
High carbohydrate intakes may predict more inflammatory status than high fat intakes in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Karimi Elmira , Yarizadeh Habib , Setayesh Leila , Sajjadi Seyyedeh Forough , Ghodoosi Nasim , Khorraminezhad Leil , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The associations between dietary carbohydrate, fat intake, and inflammation are controversial. Most existing data are from industrialized societies which low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet is common and so their attribution to other populations remains unclear. We evaluated the association of fat and carbohydrate intakes with inflammatory markers in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity in Iran.

Results
Three hundred and sixty women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were included to this study. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a trend towards significance across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate. We found that the levels of galectin-3 were negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate in adjusted model. In addition, the levels of MCP-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were positively correlated to dietary carbohydrate. No significant relationship was demonstrated between inflammatory parameters and total fat intake). However, there was a borderline significant negative association between total fat intake and TGF-β level in adjusted model. Therefore, a total dietary carbohydrate were related to elevated inflammation risk, while a total fat intake were not associated to higher inflammation. This study suggests reconsideration of applying global dietary guidelines in societies with high carbohydrate diet.
Competitive blocking of salivary gland [18F]DCFPyL uptake via localized, retrograde ductal injection of non-radioactive DCFPyL: a preclinical study
Authors: Roy Jyoti , Warner Blake M. , Basuli Falguni , Zhang Xiang , Zheng Changyu , Goldsmith Corrine , Phelps Tim , Wong Karen , Ton Anita T. , Pieschl Rick , White Margaret E. , Swenson Rolf , Chiorini John A. , Choyke Peter L. , Lin Frank I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a promising treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), but dose-limiting xerostomia can severely limit its clinical adaptation, especially when using alpha-emitting radionuclides. With [18F]DCFPyL as a surrogate for PSMA-TRT, we report a novel method to selectively reduce salivary gland (SG) uptake of systemically administered [18F]DCFPyL by immediate prior infusion of non-radioactive standard of [18F]DCFPyL (DCFPyL) directly into the SG via retrograde cannulation.

Methods
A dose-finding cohort using athymic nude mice demonstrated proof of principle that SG uptake can be selectively blocked by DCFPyL administered either locally via cannulation (CAN group) or systemically (SYS group). The experiments were repeated in a validation cohort of 22RV1 tumor-bearing mice. Submandibular glands (SMG) of CAN mice were locally blocked with either saline or DCFPyL (dose range: 0.01× to 1000× molar equivalent of the radioactive [18F]DCFPyL dose). The radioactive dose of [18F]DCFPyL was administered systemically 10 min later and the mice euthanized after 1 h for biodistribution studies. Toxicity studies were done at up to 1000× dose.

Results
In the dose-finding cohort, the SYS group showed a dose-dependent 12–40% decrease in both the SMG T/B and the kidney (tumor surrogate). Mild blocking was observed at 0.01× , with maximal blocking reached at 1× with no additional blocking up to 1000× . In the CAN group, blocking at the 0.1× and 1× dose levels resulted in a similar 42–53% decrease, but without the corresponding decrease in kidney uptake as seen in the SYS group. Some evidence of “leakage” of DCFPyL from the salivary gland into the systemic circulation was observed. However, experiments in 22RV1 tumor-bearing mice at the 0.1× and 1× dose levels confirm that, at the appropriate blocking dose, SG uptake of [18F]DCFPyL can be selectively reduced without affecting tumor uptake and with no toxicity.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that direct retrograde instillation of DCFPyL into the SG could predictably and selectively decrease salivary uptake of systemically administered [18F]DCFPyL without altering tumor uptake, if given at the appropriate dose. This novel approach is easily translatable to clinical practice and has the potential to mitigate xerostomia, without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of the PSMA-TRT.
Performance vs. hardware requirements in state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition
Authors: Georgescu Alexandru-Lucian , Pappalardo Alessandro , Cucu Horia , Blott Michaela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe last decade brought significant advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) thanks to the evolution of deep learning methods. ASR systems evolved from pipeline-based systems, that modeled hand-crafted speech features with probabilistic frameworks and generated phone posteriors, to end-to-end (E2E) systems, that translate the raw waveform directly into words using one deep neural network (DNN). The transcription accuracy greatly increased, leading to ASR technology being integrated into many commercial applications. However, few of the existing ASR technologies are suitable for integration in embedded applications, due to their hard constrains related to computing power and memory usage. This overview paper serves as a guided tour through the recent literature on speech recognition and compares the most popular ASR implementations. The comparison emphasizes the trade-off between ASR performance and hardware requirements, to further serve decision makers in choosing the system which fits best their embedded application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide this kind of trade-off analysis for state-of-the-art ASR systems.
Information flow to increase support for tidal energy development in remote islands of a developing country: agent-based simulation of information flow in Flores Timur Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ramachandran Rohit , Kularathna A. H. T. Shyam , Matsuda Hirotaka , Takagi Ken 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Public awareness is crucial for successful deployment of tidal energy, a renewable energy source that can provide clean electricity to remote islands. However, considering public attitudes on tidal energy are not well known, especially in developing countries, a barrier exists in implementing public engagement strategies. This study aims to contribute by identifying strategies for information provision—the initial step in public engagement—and estimate how these can be engaged to enhance support for tidal energy among the local public in a remote area of a developing country, in this case, Flores Timur Regency, Indonesia, considering their socio-cultural background.

Methods
In this paper, we employ statistical analyses using multinomial probit modelling to identify the key variables that shape information flow. The aptness of the variables is then verified using post-estimation techniques for their use as input parameters for the simulation of the information flow in the field study area. Agent-based simulation (ABS) is employed to replicate the actual conditions in Flores Timur Regency, Indonesia, and simulate the flow of information through the local community.

Results
According to the multinomial probit estimations, the people belonging to the top hierarchical group show a higher probability to support tidal energy compared to the members belonging to the lower groups. Understandably, around twice as many information flow cycles are needed to disseminate information to the members of the lowest hierarchical group, compared to the members of the top hierarchical group. The results also show that increasing the amount of available information has a positive impact on information dissemination.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that information provision is highly effective with propagation of information that specifically highlights the individual benefits, rather than the community benefits of tidal energy. Additionally, savings in terms of costs, time, and efforts can be realized if the most influential members of the local community are targeted initially before including all other stakeholders. The study also indicated that locals absorb more information and increase their support for tidal energy when additional data is made available. Finally, as long-term strategy, information provision becomes most effective when the local population gains higher educational capabilities.
Accuracy of digital planning in zygomatic implants
Authors: Xing Gao B. , Iglesias-Velázquez O. , G.F. Tresguerres F. , Rodríguez González Cortes A. , F. Tresguerres I. , Ortega Aranegui R. , López-Pintor R. M. , López-Quiles J. , Torres J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Zygomatic implants have been described as a therapeutic alternative for patients with severe maxillary atrophy in order to avoid bone augmentation procedures. Taking that into account, in these treatments, the key factor is the position of the implant, the virtual surgical planning (VSP) is widespread among most clinicians before surgery on the patient. However, there are no studies which evaluate the clinical relevance of these VSP.
The aim of this study is to determine whether digital planning on zygomatic implants has any influence on the implant dimensions and position, even when performing conventional surgery afterwards.

Results
Fourteen zygomatic implants were placed in four patients. Pre-operative and post-operative helicoidal computed tomography were performed to each patient to allow the comparison between the digital planning and the final position of implants. Tridimensional deviation (TD), mesio-distal deviation (MDD), bucco-palatine deviation (BPD), and apico-coronal deviation (ACD) were evaluated as well as angular deviation (AD). Significative differences in apical TD were observed with a mean of 6.114 ± 4.28 mm (p < 0.05). Regarding implant position, only implants placed in the area of the first right molar reported significant differences (p < 0.05) for ACD. Also, implant length larger than 45 mm showed BPD significative differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Zygomatic implant surgery is a complex surgical procedure, and although VSP is a useful tool which helps the clinician determine the number and the length of zygomatic implants as well as its proper position, surgical experience is still mandatory.
177Lu-DOTATATE Plus Radiosensitizing Capecitabine Versus Octreotide Long-Acting Release as First-Line Systemic Therapy in Advanced Grade 1 or 2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Satapathy Swayamjeet , Mittal Bhagwant R. , Sood Ashwani , Sood Apurva , Kapoor Rakesh , Gupta Rajesh , Khosla Divya 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of 177Lu-DOTATATE plus radiosensitizing capecitabine and octreotide long-acting release (LAR) as first-line systemic therapy in advanced well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of consecutive patients of advanced inoperable or metastatic grade 1 or 2 GEP-NETs treated with first-line 177Lu-DOTATATE plus radiosensitizing capecitabine or octreotide LAR from September 2012 to December 2019 were collected and analyzed for response, toxicity, and survival outcomes. RESULTS Seventy-six patients (median age: 53 years; range 14-81 years) with treatment-naïve advanced grade 1 or 2 GEP-NETs were included. Thirty-six patients received a median cumulative dose of 27.3 GBq of 177Lu-DOTATATE intravenously at 8-12 weeks' intervals along with 1,250 mg/m2 oral capecitabine on days 0-14 of each cycle of 177Lu-DOTATATE, whereas 40 patients were administered 30 mg octreotide LAR intramuscularly every 4 weeks. Using response evaluation criteria in solid tumor 1.1, the objective response rate was 38% in the 177Lu-DOTATATE arm compared with 15% in the octreotide LAR arm ( P = .025), whereas the disease control rates were 88% and 67% in 177Lu-DOTATATE and octreotide LAR arms, respectively ( P = .035). The median durations of progression-free survival in the 177Lu-DOTATATE and octreotide LAR arms were 54 months and 16 months, respectively ( P = .017), whereas the median overall survival was not reached and not significantly different across both the arms. Of the treatment-related adverse events, no major difference was observed in the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 toxicities between the two treatment arms. CONCLUSION First-line systemic 177Lu-DOTATATE plus radiosensitizing capecitabine achieved better radiologic response and longer progression-free survival compared with octreotide LAR in patients with advanced grade 1 or 2 GEP-NETs. Future randomized controlled trials are, however, required to determine the best treatment sequence for the treatment-naïve patients with advanced GEP-NETs.
Randomized Phase II Trial Evaluating Two Sequential Treatments in First Line of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Results of the PANOPTIMOX-PRODIGE 35 Trial
Authors: Dahan Laetitia , Williet Nicolas , Le Malicot Karine , Phelip Jean-Marc , Desrame Jérôme , Bouché Olivier , Petorin Caroline , Malka David , Rebischung Christine , Aparicio Thomas , Lecaille Cédric , Rinaldi Yves , Turpin Anthony , Bignon Anne-Laure , Bachet Jean-Baptiste , Seitz Jean-François , Lepage Come , François Eric ,   for the PRODIGE 35 Investigators/Collaborators
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE Metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) still harbors a dismal prognosis. Our previous trial (PRODIGE 4—ACCORD 11) demonstrated the superiority of 6-month chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) over gemcitabine for overall survival. The high limiting oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity supports the evaluation of an oxaliplatin stop-and-go strategy and a sequential strategy in mPC. METHODS In this phase II study, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 months of FOLFIRINOX (arm A), 4 months of FOLFIRINOX followed by leucovorin plus fluorouracil maintenance treatment for controlled patients (arm B), or a sequential treatment alternating gemcitabine and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan every 2 months (arm C). The primary end point was progression-free survival at 6 months. RESULTS Between January 2015 and November 2016, 276 patients (mean age: 63 years; range: 40-76 years) were enrolled (A: 91, B: 92, and C: 90). Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity occurred in 10.2% of patients in arm A and 19.8% in arm B. The median ratio of received dose/targeted dose of oxaliplatin was 83% in arm A and 92% in arm B. The 6-month progression-free survival was 47.1% in A, 42.9% in B, and 34.1% in C. The median overall survival was 10.1 months in arm A, 11.2 in arm B, and 7.3 in arm C. Median survival without deterioration in quality-of-life scores was higher in the maintenance arm (11.4 months) than in arms A and C (7.2 and 7.5 months, respectively). CONCLUSION Maintenance with leucovorin plus fluorouracil appears to be feasible and effective in patients with mPC controlled after 4 months of induction chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX. Severe neurotoxicity was higher in the maintenance therapy arm, probably because of the higher cumulative dose of oxaliplatin.
FIELDRT: an open-source platform for the assessment of target volume delineation in radiation therapy
Authors: Piazzese Concetta , Evans Elin , Thomas Betsan , Staffurth John , Gwynne Sarah , Spezi Emiliano 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Target volume delineation (TVD) has been identified as a weakness in the accuracy of radiotherapy, both within and outside of clinical trials due to the intra/interobserver variations affecting the TVD quality. Sources of variations such as poor compliance or protocol violation may have adverse effect on treatment outcomes. In this paper, we present and describe the FIELDRT software developed for the ARENA project to improve the quality of TVD through qualitative and quantitative feedbacks and individual and personalized summary of trainee”s performance.

Methods:
For each site-specific clinical case included in the FIELDRT software, reference volumes, minimum and maximum “acceptable” volumes and organ at risk were derived by outlines of consultants and senior trainees. The software components currently developed include: (a) user-friendly importing interface (b) analysis toolbox to compute quantitative and qualitative (c) visualiser and (d) structured report generator for personalised feedback. The FIELDRT software was validated by comparing the performance of 63 trainees and by measuring performance over time. In addition, a trainee evaluation day was held in 2019 to collect feedback on FIELDRT.

Results:
Results show the trainees’ improvement when reoutlining a case after reviewing the feedback generated from the FIELDRT software. Comments and feedback received after evaluation day were positive and confirmed that FIELDRT can be a useful application for training purposes.

Conclusion:
We presented a new open-source software to support education in TVD and ongoing continuous professional development for clinical oncology trainees and consultants. ARENA in combination with FIELDRT implements site-specific modules with reference target and organs at risk volumes and automatically evaluates individual performance using several quantitative and qualitative feedbacks. Pilot results suggests this software could be used as an education tool to reduce variation in TVD so to guarantee high quality in radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:
FIELDRT is a new easy and free to use software aiming at supporting education in TVD and ongoing continuous professional development. The software provides quantitative/qualitative feedback and an exportable report with an individual and personalised summary of trainee’s performance.
Διερεύνηση των σχέσεων μεταξύ των σωματομετρικών χαρακτηριστικών και των επιπέδων φυσικής δραστηριότητας σε ελληνικούς μαθητικούς πληθυσμούς
Authors: Μπουζιώτας Κωνσταντίνος , Ντάνης Απόστολος , Σίσκος Βασίλειος , Ιωσηφίδου Πηνελόπη 
Published: July 2021

O σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η καταγραφή των σωματομετρικών χαρακτηριστικών και των επιπέδων φυσικής δραστηριότητας, καθώς και η διερεύνηση των σχέσεων μεταξύ τους, σε παιδιά Δημοτικού και Γυμνασίου της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας. Ένα εθελοντικό δείγμα 1233 μαθητών/ -τριών (312 αγοριών και 328 κοριτσιών της ΣΤ΄ Δημοτικού και 291 αγοριών και 302 κοριτσιών της Γ΄ Γυμνασίου) που προερχόταν από σχολεία αστικής, ημιαστικής και αγροτικής περιοχής της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας, τα οποία επιλέχθηκαν με διαστρωματοποιημένη δειγματοληψία βάσει των κωδικών τους αριθμών, υποβλήθηκαν σε ανθρωπομετρικές μετρήσεις (βάρος, ύψος, δείκτη μάζας σώματος, περίμετρο μέσης). Επιπλέον, με τη βοήθεια ενός σταθμισμένου ερωτηματολογίου υπολογίστηκε η συνολική φυσική δραστηριότητα των παιδιών. Η ανάλυση και η επεξεργασία των δεδομένων έδειξε ότι το 34.2% των αγοριών του Δημοτικού και το 33.3% των αγοριών του Γυμνασίου ήταν υπέρβαρα ή παχύσαρκα. Αντίστοιχα, το 36.7% των κοριτσιών του Δημοτικού και το 26,9% των κοριτσιών του Γυμνασίου ήταν υπέρβαρα ή παχύσαρκα. Το 19.27% του συνόλου των μαθητών υπολείπονταν του στόχου, τουλάχιστον μιας ώρας καθημερινής φυσικής δραστηριότητας, ενώ 61.08% του συνόλου των μαθητών υπερέβαιναν τα όρια των πέντε ωρών καθιστικής ασχολίας ημερησίως. Εντοπίστηκε μια χαμηλή θετική σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του ΔΜΣ και των αναλωμένων ωρών σε Καθιστικές Δραστηριότητες ημερησίως (r=.09, p<.01). Αντίθετα, προέκυψε μια αρνητική, παρόμοια χαμηλή, σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του ΔΜΣ και των αναλωμένων ωρών στις καθημερινές Φυσικές Δραστηριότητες (r=-.09, p< .01). Τα αυξημένα ποσοστά υπέρβαρων και παχύσαρκων Ελλήνων μαθητών/-τριών που διαπιστώθηκαν και στην παρούσα μελέτη, δείχνουν ότι σχετίζονται σε κάποιο βαθμό με τις καθημερινές φυσικές ή καθιστικές τους δραστηριότητες. Οι στρατηγικές πρωτογενούς πρόληψης, επομένως, για την αντιμετώπιση της παιδικής παχυσαρκίας, προάγγελου των μεταβολικών και καρδιαγγειακών παθήσεων στον ενήλικο πληθυσμό, θα πρέπει να επικεντρώνονται στην αύξηση των ωρών της φυσικής δραστηριότητας στην παιδική ηλικία, σαν παράγοντα αύξησης της ημερήσιας δαπάνης ενέργειας και διασφάλισης της φυσικής επάρκειας των παιδιών.
What Testimony Does to Literature
Authors: Detue Frédérik , Lacoste Charlotte 
Published: July 2021

This article sheds light on a literary practice that critics began to reflect upon in the twentieth century: witnessing. This genre, by adopting a narrative model based on statements of evidence presented in the courtroom, distinguishes itself from other forms of expression practiced by witnesses. Survivors of political violence take up their pens and describe the situation they have been subjected to, so as to attest to historical facts and prevent erasure of the event through forgetting, denial or negation. This enterprise, which seeks to document lived experience and thereby pay homage to victims who did not survive, constitutes both a source of evidence for legal procedure and a contribution to the writing of history. Witnessing, however literary it may be, is founded on a pact of veracity, in which witnesses are bound to relate no more than their own experience and to do so with precision. Finally, witness accounts are addressed to society at large or even to humanity as a whole, in the hope of emancipating it from such violence by raising awareness of its intolerable nature. Though witnessing still lacks legitimacy within the literary field, the link it establishes between ethical, aesthetic and political positions makes this genre exemplary of what literature is capable of.