bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allostatic load: Developmental and conceptual considerations in a multi‐system physiological indicator of chronic stress exposure
Authors: Doan Stacey N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopmental researchers studying how stress affects health have often focused on specific, individual, physiological parameters such as cortisol. Yet, recent theories of stress biology emphasize that the stress response is multi‐faceted and engages distinct yet interconnected physiological systems, including metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular systems that respond to one another. Moreover, advocates of a systems approach also argue that the confluence of changes across several physiological systems presents a health risk, even when one indicator alone is not predictive of health outcomes. Allostatic load is one potential multi‐system indicator of stress, capturing the cumulative, physiological burden of chronic stress exposure on the body. At the same time, studying allostatic load during early development raises several issues, including how allostatic load is operationalized, the clinical importance of commonly used biomarkers during distinct periods of development, and the fundamental role of timing. In this review paper, we discuss the potential of allostatic load in the context of studies of stress in developmental science, review developmental studies that have assessed allostatic load, and articulate critical conceptual questions regarding the study of allostatic load during the childhood years.
Tmem100‐BAC‐EGFP mice to selectively mark and purify embryonic endothelial cells of large caliber arteries in mid‐gestational vascular formation
Authors: Kinugasa‐Katayama Yumi , Watanabe Yusuke , Hisamitsu Takashi , Arima Yuichiro , Liu Norika M. , Tomimatsu Ayaka , Harada Yukihiro , Arai Yuji , Urasaki Akihiro , Kawamura Teruhisa , Saito Yoshihiko , Nakagawa Osamu 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEmbryonic vascular development is achieved through the complex arrays of differentiation, proliferation, migration and mutual interaction of different cell types, and visualization as well as purification of unique cell populations are fundamental in studying its detailed mechanisms using in vivo experimental models. We previously demonstrated that Tmem100 was a novel endothelial gene encoding a small transmembrane protein, and that Tmem100 null mice showed embryonic lethality due to severe impairment of vascular formation. In the present study, we generated an EGFP reporter mouse line using a 216 kb genomic region containing mouse Tmem100 gene. A novel line designated as Tmem100‐BAC‐EGFP mice precisely recapitulated the Tmem100 expression profile at the mid‐gestational stage, which was highly enriched in endothelial cells of large caliber arteries in mouse embryos. FACS experiments demonstrated that Tmem100‐BAC‐EGFP mice served to selectively purify a specific population of arterial endothelial cells, indicating their usefulness not only for the research concerning Tmem100 expression and function but also for comparative analysis of multiple endothelial cell subgroups in embryonic vascular development.
A fish tale: a century of museum specimens reveal increasing microplastic concentrations in freshwater fish
Authors: Hou Loren , McMahan Caleb D. , McNeish Rae E. , Munno Keenan , Rochman Chelsea M. , Hoellein Timothy J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlastic is pervasive in modern economies and ecosystems. Freshwater fish ingest microplastics (i.e., particles <5 mm), but no studies have examined historical patterns of their microplastic consumption. Measuring the patterns of microplastic pollution in the past is critical for predicting future trends and for understanding the relationship between plastics in fish and the environment. We measured microplastics in digestive tissues of specimens collected from the years 1900–2017 and preserved in museum collections. We collected new fish specimens in 2018, along with water and sediment samples. We selected four species: Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass), Notropis stramineus (sand shiner), Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish), and Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) because each was well represented in museum collections, are locally abundant, and collected from urban habitats. For each individual, we dissected the digestive tissue from esophagus to anus, subjected tissue to peroxide oxidation, examined particles under a dissecting microscope, and used Raman spectroscopy to characterize the particles' chemical composition. No microplastics were detected in any fish prior to 1950. From mid‐century to 2018, microplastic concentrations showed a significant increase when data from all fish were considered together. All detected particles were fibers, and represented plastic polymers (e.g., polyester) along with mixtures of natural and synthetic textiles. For the specimens collected in 2018, microplastics in fish and sediment showed similar patterns across study sites, while water column microplastics showed no differences among locations. Overall, plastic pollution in common freshwater fish species is increasing and pervasive across individuals and species, and is likely related to changes in environmental concentrations. Museum specimens are an overlooked source for assessing historical patterns of microplastic pollution, and for predicting future trends in freshwater fish, thereby helping to sustain the health of commercial and recreational fisheries worldwide.
Cytoplasmic delivery of quantum dots via microelectrophoresis technique
Authors: Han Mengke , Zhao Jiangbo , Fabian Joseph Mahandas , Evans Samuel , Mustafa Sanam , Ruan Yinlan , Wiederman Steven , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanoparticles with specific properties and functions have been developed for various biomedical research applications, such as in vivo and in vitro sensors, imaging agents and delivery vehicles of therapeutics. The development of an effective delivery method of nanoparticles into the intracellular environment is challenging and success in this endeavor would be beneficial to many biological studies. Here, the well‐established microelectrophoresis technique was applied for the first time to deliver nanoparticles into living cells. An optimal protocol was explored to prepare semiconductive quantum dots suspensions having high monodispersity with average hydrodynamic diameter of 13.2–35.0 nm. Micropipettes were fabricated to have inner tip diameters of approximately 200 nm that are larger than quantum dots for ejection but less than 500 nm to minimize damage to the cell membrane. We demonstrated the successful delivery of quantum dots via small electrical currents (–0.2 nA) through micropipettes into the cytoplasm of living human embryonic kidney cells (roughly 20–30 μm in length) using microelectrophoresis technique. This method is promising as a simple and general strategy for delivering a variety of nanoparticles into the cellular environment.
Influence of peristalsis on the convective flow of two immiscible fluids in a vertical channel
Authors: Sankranthi Vijaya Kumar , Akkiraju Naga Satya Srinivas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the flow characteristics of peristaltic transport of two immiscible fluids in a vertical channel with heat transfer are studied. The flow domain is divided into the core region and a peripheral region, respectively. The solution is derived analytically in the form of temperature from which the stream function and axial velocity corresponding to each region are found. The two regions are separated by an interface, which is determined by using nonlinear algebraic equation. In peristaltic transport, the importance of physical quantities like pumping, axial velocity, temperature distribution, and interface are discussed for different considerations of interest governing the flow parameters. It is noticed that the increase in enhances the pressure change at a given flow rate. It shows that increasing enhances the displacement of fluid particles, which yields to increase in axial velocity. The increase in heat source/sink parameter yields the increase in temperature of the fluid, which, in turn, results in an increase in temperature distribution.
Bimetal oxalate‐derived synthesis of laponite‐decorated CoFe2O4 porous nanostructures for activation of peroxymonopersulfate towards degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Wei Dandi , Liu Yishan , Song Yaya , Liu Wenjie , Zhao Liqian , Wang Lu , Wu Ronglan , Yang Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radical have been widely employed for oxidation degradation of organic contaminants. Catalytic activation of peroxymonopersulfate (PMS) with transition metal oxides holds great promise for the generation of sulfate radical. In this work, laponite‐decorated CoFe2O4 porous nanostructures have been prepared through the thermal decomposition of laponite/oxalates, and evaluated as a magnetic catalyst to activate PMS for the oxidation of rhodamine B (RhB).RESULTSThe decoration of porous CoFe2O4 microparticles with laponite was evidenced because of the presence of the vibration mode of SiO (at 1359 cm−1) in Fourier transform infrared spectra and the uniform distribution of Si and Mg elements from elemental mapping images. Decorating with laponite also resulted in an increase in amount of surface hydroxyl oxygen species, which facilitated the formation of CoOH complex for PMS activation. Furthermore, the enhanced activation of PMS with laponite‐decorated CoFe2O4 resulted in a faster removal (98.04%) of RhB as compared to undecorated CoFe2O4 (79.62%) within 56 min. Meanwhile, the rate constant increased from 0.0288 (CoFe2O4) to 0.0679 min−1 (laponite‐decorated CoFe2O4). The degradation rate of RhB progressively increased with reaction temperature and catalyst dosage. Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance tests manifested that the sulfate and superoxide radicals served as the major active species for the oxidation of RhB molecules.CONCLUSIONThe above results demonstrated positive effects of laponite on the textural property, surface chemical states and catalytic activity of porous CoFe2O4 microparticles. This study provides an insight into the promising role of laponite as an additive in improving PMS activation.
Extraction performance evaluation and theoretical analysis of removal of phenol from oil mixture using a dual‐functionalized ionic liquid: 1‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium propionate
Authors: Xu Xin , Li Fangfang , Al‐Haimi Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor , Ma Yixin , Zhang Lianzheng , Xu Dongmei , Gao Jun , Wang Yinglong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenol is an important chemical and has many applications in industry. It is mainly produced from coal tar. At present, the commonly used method in industry is caustic washing, which produces a lot of wastewater containing phenolic components, resulting in environmental contamination. Herein, a dual‐functionalized ionic liquid, 1‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium propionate, was synthesized as a candidate for recovering phenol from a coal tar oil mixture.RESULTSThe performance of the ionic liquid was investigated by extraction experiments with various factors, including phase ratio, contact temperature and contact time. The optimal separation conditions for removing phenol using the ionic liquid were as follows: mDFIL:moil = 1:5; contact temperature, 25 °C; contact time, 30 min. The corresponding removal efficiency was 95.9%. The intermolecular interaction for separating phenol with the ionic liquid was verified to be hydrogen bond attraction using quantum chemical calculations and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.CONCLUSIONSThe experimental and calculated results showed that 1‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium propionate was a suitable extractant for removal of phenol from the oil mixture. This provides a reference for the dephenolization process of coal tar in industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of roasted peanut allergen Ara h 3 protein on the sensitization of Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Wang Shuo , Sun Xiaodong , Wang Minjia , Deng Zhirui , Niu Bing , Chen Qin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoasted peanut is widely loved as a kind of food with rich taste. However, peanut allergy is one of the major threats to human health, which affects about 5% of children and 1.4–2% of adults in the world.RESULTSTo evaluate the sensitization mechanism of peanut allergen Ara h 3, Caco‐2 cells as the model, which has the similar structure and function to differentiated small intestinal epithelial cells. Compared with Ara h 3‐raw (purified from raw peanut) group, more significant results such as the inhibited Caco‐2 cell viability and proliferation, the increased secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased transepithelial electrical resistance were obtained in Ara h 3‐roasted (purified from roasted peanut) group. Accordingly, oxidative stress and NF‐κB signaling pathway were more imbalanced, which lead to the increased of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1). Then, the gene expression of tight junction proteins ZO‐1, occludin and JAM‐1 were reduced, which proved that the integrity of the Caco‐2 monolayer barrier is severely damaged.CONCLUSIONThese finding identify the mechanisms of the allergenicity of roasted peanut allergy proteins are probably associated with intestinal uptake and cytokine dependent allergies. The aggravated allergic reaction might be caused by the increment of TSLP, IL‐6, IL‐8 and MCP‐1 due to the activated NF‐κB signaling pathway, and the enhanced transport of Ara h 3‐roasted protein by Caco‐2 monolayer. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diagnostic accuracy of gray scale muscle ultrasound screening for pediatric neuromuscular disease
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Wijntjes Juerd , O'Brien Travis G. , Sorenson Eric J. , Cazares Gonzalez Meaghan L. , van Alfen Nens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveGray scale ultrasound (US) has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and specific tool in the diagnosis of pediatric neuromuscular disease (NMD). With recent advances in genetic testing, the diagnostic work up for NMD has evolved. The purpose of this study was to compare the current diagnostic value of gray scale US to previously defined sensitivities and specificities to determine when this test can add value to a patient's diagnostic workup.MethodsStandardized quantitative gray scale US imaging was performed on 148 pediatric patients presenting for electrodiagnostic testing to evaluate for NMD. Patients were categorized as having an NMD, a non‐NMD, or as “uncertain.” The US results were defined as normal, borderline or abnormal based on echointensity values. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the test were calculated.ResultsForty‐five percent of the patients had an NMD, 54% a non‐NMD, and in 1% the diagnosis remained uncertain. US was abnormal in 73% of myopathies, 63% of neuromuscular junction disorders, 60% of generalized neuropathies and 58% of focal neuropathies. After excluding patients in whom muscle US was not expected to be abnormal (eg, sensory neuropathy), sensitivity was 83%, specificity 79%, PPV 75%, NPV 86%, and accuracy 81%.ConclusionsQuantitative gray scale muscle US still has good diagnostic value as a screening tool in pediatric NMD. As with any diagnostic test, muscle US is best used in conjunction with history and physical examination to increase specificity and diagnostic yield.
Breast Awareness, Self-Reported Abnormalities, and Breast Cancer in Rural Ethiopia: A Survey of 7,573 Women and Predictions of the National Burden
Authors: Ayele Wondimu , Addissie Adamu , Wienke Andreas , Unverzagt Susanne , Jemal Ahmedin , Taylor Lesley , Kantelhardt Eva J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer deaths among women in low-income countries. Ethiopia does not have a national BC screening program, and over 80% of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. The aim of this study was to assess how many women self-report a breast abnormality and to determine their diagnoses in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 7,573 adult women. Women were interviewed and educated about breast awareness, and those who reported breast abnormalities underwent clinical examination by experienced surgeons. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was obtained, and cytological analysis was performed. The findings were projected to the female population of Ethiopia to estimate current and future burden of diseases.

Findings
Of the 7,573 women surveyed, 258 (3.4%) reported a breast abnormality, 246 (3.2%) received a physical examination, and 49 (0.6%) were found to be eligible for ultrasound-guided FNAC or nipple discharge evaluation. Of all the cases, five (10.2%) breast malignancies were diagnosed. We projected for Ethiopia that, approximately, 1 million women could self-report a breast abnormality, 200,000 women could have a palpable breast mass, and 28,000 women could have BC in the country.

Conclusion
The health care system needs to build capacity to assess and diagnose breast diseases in rural areas of Ethiopia. These data can be used for resource allocation to meet immediate health care needs and to promote detecting and treating BC at earlier stages of disease.

Implications for Practice
Routine mammography screening in a resource-limited country with a young population is neither sensitive nor affordable. Clinical breast examination with consecutive ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology may ensure early diagnosis, downstage disease, and reduce breast cancer mortality. This study had the unique opportunity to educate over 7,573 rural women about breast abnormalities and offer clinical and cytological diagnosis for reported breast abnormalities. The findings were extrapolated to show the nationwide burden of breast abnormalities and unmet diagnostic needs. These data will serve as policy guide to improve adequate referral mechanisms and breast diagnostic and treatment facilities.
Plasmonic properties of nanohybrids made of metallic nanoring and benzene molecules
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlasmon‐molecule coupling has recently been attracted great research interest in material science and quantum optics with a multitude of potential applications. In this work, using the linear combination of atomic orbitals real‐time‐propagation rt‐time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) technique (LCAO‐rt‐TDDFT) and transition contribution maps, we investigate the optical and plasmonic features of a hybrid nanosystem comprising an elliptical‐shaped metal nanoring (ENR) and a couple of benzene molecules (located in close proximity at both sides of the ENR short axis and/or long axis). We find that pristine ENR exhibits localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and plasmon‐molecule coupling in hybrid nanosystems is highly sensitive to the location of the molecules. More specifically, when benzene molecules are placed at both sides of the ENR short axis, the dominant peak in the photoabsorption spectrum sustains its LSPR features with a significant enhancement in intensity. On the other hand, in an alternative situation where benzene molecules are placed at both sides of the ENR long axis, the dominant peak in the photoabsorption spectrum splits into three with diminishing LSPR features.
Energy allocation for activity recognition in wearable devices with kinetic energy harvesting
Authors: Xiao Ling , Meng Yu , Tian Xiaobing , Luo Haibo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHarvesting kinetic energy from body movement is regarded as a promising rechargeable energy source for wearable devices with low‐power. Energy allocation is essential for motion‐based rechargeable devices since the great variability of energy gained from movement. Based on the realistic characteristics of an ultra‐low‐power wearable devices and our measurement observations, we propose the optimization framework allocating energy to maximize the average accuracy of human activity recognition and provide an offline and online algorithm, respectively. We evaluate the proposed energy allocation approach with real‐world human activity and kinetic energy harvesting datasets. Experimental results validate that our proposed energy allocation approach can maximize the energy allocation utility and improve energy efficiency of wearable devices.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine mastitis in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Benishangul‐Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tezera Melak , Aman Ali Endris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMastitis, a complex disease of multifactorial aetiology, is one of the most costly diseases in the dairy industry worldwide. It can be categorized as clinical and subclinical type relying on the clinical sign. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to identify its intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Western Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was followed to address the objectives of the study. A total of 367 lactating cows were selected using simple random and systematic sampling techniques. Thorough clinical examination and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were deployed for detection of both clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively.ResultsBased on CMT result and clinical examination the cow level prevalence of mastitis was 40.3% (n = 148), of which 11.99% (n = 44) and 28.34% (n = 104) were clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. The corresponding quarter‐level prevalence was determined to be 26.9% (n = 394), comprising 11.99% (n = 176) clinical and 14.85% (n = 218) subclinical mastitis. The Chi‐square analysis of intrinsic risk factors revealed statistically significant differences (p <.05) in the prevalence of mastitis among breed, stage of lactation and body condition score. Likewise, production system, previous mastitis exposure, hygiene practice and type of floor were extrinsic risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis.ConclusionsIn general, this study revealed a high prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area. Thus, the current study shows the need for applying feasible mastitis intervention strategy with special emphasis on sub‐clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
Defect extremal surface as the holographic counterpart of Island formula
Authors: Deng Feiyu , Chu Jinwei , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose defect extremal surface as the holographic counterpart of boundary quantum extremal surface. The defect extremal surface is defined by minimizing the Ryu-Takayanagi surface corrected by the defect theory. This is particularly interesting when the RT surface crosses or terminates on the defect. In a simple set up of AdS/BCFT, we find that the defect extremal surface formula gives precisely the same results of the boundary quantum extremal surface. We provide a decomposition procedure of an AdS bulk with a defect brane to see clearly how quantum extremal surface formula emerges from a brane world system with gravity glued to a flat space quantum field theory.