bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Recovery in Adult Individuals with Asthma
Authors: Zampogna Elisabetta , Ambrosino Nicolino , Oliva Federico Mattia , Sotgiu Giovanni , Saderi Laura , Cremonese Gioele , Bellelli Giorgio , Spanevello Antonio , Angeli Fabio , Visca Dina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background. Slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is predictor of overall mortality in individuals with and without cardiovascular or respiratory disorders. No data on adults with asthma are available. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of slow HRR in these individuals as compared with those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods. Retrospective analysis of baseline characteristics and physiological response to the six-minute walking distance test of stable individuals with asthma or COPD. Slow HRR was defined as HRpeak - HR at 1 minute after end exercise < 12 bpm.Results. Individuals with asthma walked significantly longer (median (IQR): 455 (385-512) vs 427 (345-485) meters; p= 0.005) with a lower prevalence of slow HRR (30.3% vs 49.0%, respectively: p<0.001) than those with COPD. Individuals with asthma and slow HRR were older and walked less than those with normal HRR, without any difference in airway obstruction or in disease severity. Multivariate analysis showed that only the difference HRpeak - baseline HR (∆HR), was predictor of slow HRR in both groups.Conclusion. More than 30% of adult individuals with asthma may show slow HRR. Only exercise ∆HR but no baseline characteristic seems predict the occurrence of slow HRR.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Co-Doped With Rare Earth Elements (Nd and Sm) Under UV Light Illumination
Authors: Baskaran P. , Pramothkumar A. , P Mani 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present report, synthesis of pure, Nd-doped (1 wt.%) and Nd/Sm (1 wt.%) co-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles (NPs) by using simple co-precipitation method. PXRD pattern of all the synthesized samples exposes the hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO NPs without any impurity. The various functional groups presented in the synthesized samples were analyzed by FT-IR studies. From UV-Vis DRS spectra, the band gap was found to be 2.81 eV, 2.90 and 3.10 eV respectively for pure, Nd-doped and Nd-Sm co-doped ZnO NPs. PL spectrum displays the broad emission at 393and 450 nm for all the synthesized samples. The agglomeration of flower-like morphology of pure ZnO NPs, flake-like structure of Nd-doped and rod-like morphology of Nd/Sm co-doped ZnO NPs were examined by SEM. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples for dye degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO-7) and Acid Red 13 (AR-13) was studied under UV light. The result revealed that, the Nd/Sm co-doped ZnO NPs found to have efficient degradation candidate materials.
The Effect of Expertise on Postural Control in Elite ju-jitsu Athletes
Authors: Akbaş Anna , Marszałek Wojciech , Drozd Sławomir , Czarny Wojciech , Król Paweł , Warchoł Krzysztof , Słomka Kajetan J. , Rzepko Marian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The testing of athletes in ecological conditions is based on the concept that sport-specific adaptations in postural control are observed mostly in positions or tasks that are related to the practice of a specific movement. Due to the high postural control demands of ju-jitsu, it is likely that long-term ju-jitsu training may influence the process of maintaining a stable posture, especially in positions directly related to combat. The purpose of this study was to examine the postural sway characteristics of elite ju-jitsu athletes in ecological and non-ecological conditions with an approach not previously used in martial arts.Methods: The study was conducted on eleven male elite ju-jitsu athletes and ten non-athletes. The data was collected with the use of a force plate under two conditions: quiet standing and ju-jitsu combat stance. Apart from the standard analysis of the spatial-temporal parameters of COP, sensitive methods in COP data processing were used, namely rambling-trembling and sample entropy. The non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was used to compare both positions.Results: The main findings of the study showed that in quiet standing, elite ju-jitsu athletes and non-athletes had comparable postural control in both the anterior-posterior and mediolateral planes. In contrast, elite athletes had lower values of postural sway and higher values of sample entropy in comparison to the non-trainees in the combat stance (p<0.05). The rambling-trembling decomposition of the COP data did not exhibit additional differences between groups beyond the standard analysis.Conclusions: Our results confirmed the importance of a sport-specific environment in investigating the subtle differences in the postural regulation of elite athletes. The sample entropy results indicated more irregular characteristics of postural sway in the elite ju-jitsu athletes, representing more automated postural control.
Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Feasibility of a Novel One-Step RT-qPCR for Detecting Multiple Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Le Tran Bac , Kim Hye Kwon , Ahn Min-Ju , Zanin Mark , Lo Van Thi , Ling Shiman , Jiang Zhanpeng , Kang Jung-Ah , Bae Pan Kee , Kim Yeon-Sook , Kim Seungtaek , Wong Sook-San , Jeong Dae Gwin , Yoon Sun-Woo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized as an acute respiratory infection in the majority of cases and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect humans, although the majority only cause mild respiratory symptoms. As early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to prevent further transmission events and to improve clinical outcomes, it is important to be able to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other CoVs in respiratory samples. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a novel quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, targeting the spike (S) and membrane (M) genes, to enable the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 including several new circulating variants, and other emerging pan-SARS-like CoVs. Using RNA extracted from cell culture supernatants, our multiple simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 assays confirmed a limit of detection of 1 × 100 TCID50/ml and no cross-reaction with human coronaviruses or other respiratory viruses. We also validated our method using human clinical samples from COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals, including nasal swab and sputum samples. This novel one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay can be used to improve the laboratory diagnosis of human-pathogenic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and may be useful for the identification of other pan-SARS-like CoVs of zoonotic origin.
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Septic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Treated with Thrombomodulin: The Effect of Reduced Thrombomodulin Dose; a Single-center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Nishita Yoshihiro , Taga Masatoshi , Sakurai Masaru , Iinuma Yoshitsugu , Masauji Togen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Human soluble recombinant thrombomodulin (TM alfa), a treatment for septic Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), is recommended for patients with severe renal dysfunction in reduced doses. However, no studies have examined yet how dose reduction affects clinical efficacy. In this study, we investigated the significance of the TM alfa dose as a prognostic factor in clarifying the clinical background factors related to the clinical effect of TM alfa in patients with septic DIC.Methods: This study involved 102 patients with septic DIC admitted to a single-center intensive care unit between April 2013 and March 2020, receiving TM alfa. The following factors were retrospectively collected from the medical records of the target patients: (1) patient background, (2) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, (3) Japanese Association for Acute Medicine DIC diagnostic criteria score, (4) DIC treatment information, (5) TM alfa dose per bodyweight (normal dose: 0.06 mg/kg or reduced dose: 0.02 mg/kg), (6) DIC resolution within 7 days after the start of TM alfa administration (DIC resolution), (7) all deaths within 30 days after the start of TM alfa administration (30-days-all-cause mortality), (8) presence or absence of new hemorrhagic side effects after the start of TM alfa administration. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with DIC resolution and 30-days-all-cause mortality.Results: The SOFA score (odds ratio: 95% confidence interval, 0.76: 0.66–0.89), pneumonia (0.24: 0.08–0.75), and reduced dose administration of TM alfa (0.23: 0.08–0.66) were independent of and negatively related to the DIC resolution. For the 30-days-all-cause mortality, the SOFA score (1.66: 1.31–2.09), pneumonia (9.50: 2.49–36.25), and TM alfa dose reduction (3.52: 1.06–11.69) were independent, poor prognostic factors. We found no association between the hemorrhagic side effects and the TM alfa dose per bodyweight.Conclusions: The reduced dose of TM alfa for patients with severe renal dysfunction was observed to be an influential factor for DIC resolution and 30-day all-cause mortality in addition to SOFA score and pneumonia. Further studies are required in the future to verify this finding.
Reduction and Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fracture With Severe Medial Instability Using a Small Locking Plate
Authors: Zhang Yuelei , Wan Lifu , Zhang Lecheng , Yan Chao , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Currently, the reduction and support of comminuted medial cortex of humeral fracture remains a challenge, Therefore, a novel reduction and fixation technique that employs an anteromedial small locking plate was explored in this study, and its viability and the associated complications were assessed.
Methods

Fifteen cases of proximal humeral fractures with medial instability (five cases were classified as three-part and ten as four-part by Neer classification) were treated by the proposed reduction technique using an anteromedial small locking plate. Subsequently, the radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated over an average follow-up period of 18.53 months.
Results

The average operation time was 108 minutes (range, 70–130 minutes), and the mean fracture union time in all patients was 12.13 weeks (range, 8–16 weeks). Complications such as infection and neurovascular injury were not observed. Postoperative X-ray showed avascular necrosis and screw penetration in one patient, while screw penetration, varus malunion, or significant reduction loss was not found in the other cases. The mean Constant score was 79.8 (range, 68–92) during the final visit.
Conclusions

The use of an anteromedial small locking plate improved the reduction efficiency, reconstructed the medial support, and alleviated the occurrence of complications in proximal humeral fractures with medial instability.
Genetic Restoration of Black Rhino In South Africa: Conservation Implications
Authors: Stanbridge Debbie , O'Riain M Justin , Dreyer Cathy , Roex Nikki Le 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Globally, wildlife populations are becoming increasingly small and isolated. Both processes contribute to an elevated risk of extinction, notably due to genetic factors related to inbreeding depression and a loss of adaptive potential. Wildlife translocation is a valuable conservation tool to reintroduce species to previously occupied areas, or augment existing populations with genetically divergent animals, thereby improving the viability of endangered populations. However, understanding the genetic implications of mixing gene pools is key to avoid the risk of outbreeding depression, and to maximise translocation effectiveness. In this study we used mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA collected from 110 black rhinos (Diceros bicornis minor) in Kruger National Park, South Africa, to determine levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding and relatedness. We compared this diversity with the two source populations (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Zambezi River, Zimbabwe) using data from previously published studies, and assessed changes in the relative contribution of source lineages since their reintroduction in the 1970s. Our results show that Kruger’s black rhinos are genetically more diverse than those from KwaZulu-Natal, with levels closer to those from the Zambezi Valley. Furthermore, our findings indicate a relative increase in the Zimbabwean lineage since reintroduction, suggesting a possible selective advantage. From a conservation perspective, our results demonstrate the benefits of mixing multiple source populations to restore gene flow, improve genetic diversity and thereby help protect small, isolated populations from extinction.
Metagenomic Analysis of Intestinal Microflora in Rats Treated with Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid
Authors: Hamdullah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The correct functioning of the intestinal mechanism is very important for human health. In particular, the microecosystem of the gut has a vital role in the development of the host and the continuity of metabolism. For this reason, many studies have been conducted on the intestinal microbiota. Today, the use of phenolic compounds in the production of complementary and alternative medicines is quite common. In our study, changes in intestinal microflora at the species level were evaluated in Wistar Albino rats treated with Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid. The first group was formed as the control group. Ellagic Acid (EA) was given to the second group of rats (50 mg/kg/d). The third group of rats was given Sinapic Acid (SA) (20 mg/kg/d). Fourth group of rats were given Ellagic Acid EA (50 mg/kg/d) and Sinapic Acid SA (20 mg/kg/d). At the end of the study, intestinal tissues were taken under appropriate sterile conditions. The V3-V4 points located in the 16 S rDNA gene regions of the bacteria in the microflora were replicated by the specific primers developed in accordance with these regions. The data obtained as a result of sequencing analyzes were evaluated comparatively for four groups. As a result, it was determined that Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid have a positive effect on probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus) in the intestine. It was also determined that while it caused a decrease in the rate of some pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus, it caused an increase in the number of some pathogens.
Support Based Graph Framework for Effective Intrusion Detection and Classification
Authors: Adhao Rahul B , Pachghare Vinod K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intrusion Detection System is one of the worthwhile areas for researchers for a long. Numbers of researchers have worked for increasing the efficiency of Intrusion Detection Systems. But still, many challenges are present in modern Intrusion Detection Systems. One of the major challenges is controlling the false positive rate. In this paper, we have presented an efficient soft computing framework for the classification of intrusion detection dataset to diminish a false positive rate. The proposed processing steps are described as; the input data is at first pre-processed by the normalization process. Afterward, optimal features are chosen for the dimensionality decrease utilizing krill herd optimization. Here, the effective feature assortment is utilized to enhance classification accuracy. Support value is then estimated from ideally chosen features and lastly, a support value-based graph is created for the powerful classification of data into intrusion or normal. The exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the presented technique outperforms the existing techniques regarding different performance examinations like execution time, accuracy, false-positive rate, and their intrusion detection model increases the detection rate and decreases the false rate.
Correlates and short-term prognostic value of plasma n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels among heart failure patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mayala Mark , Khanbhai Khuzeima , Peter Ponsian , Chillo Pilly 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStudies conducted in developed countries have found measurements of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to be important in evaluating heart failure (HF) prognosis, however this has not yet been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine clinical correlates and short-term prognostic value of plasma NT-proBNP levels among HF patients.MethodologyThis was a hospital-based prospective cohort study conducted at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Tanzania from June to December 2020. Patients were consecutively enrolled when they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Clinical details and NT-proBNP levels were measured at baseline and at 30-day follow-up. Pearson's chi square test was used to associate New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and NT-proBNP levels, while Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and NT-proBNP levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine the best prognostic cut off points of NT-proBNP levels for the different clinical outcomes. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statically significant.Results155 HF patients were enrolled. Their mean±SD age was 48±16 years, 52.3% were male and their mean ±SD LVEF was 37.3±10.7%. At baseline, the median (IQR) NT-proBNP levels was 7654pg/ml (2289, 16000), and the levels dropped to 3383pg/ml (731, 9785) after 1 month. Baseline plasma levels of NT-proBNP increased as the NYHA functional class worsened, (P = 0.018), and with decreasing LVEF (r = -0.65, p<0.05). The ROC curve identified an overall cut-off point for poor prognosis at 18000pg/ml with 54.4% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity (area under the curve (AUC): 0.8). The NT-proBNP cut-off point for mortality was 24500 pg/ml with 100% sensitivity and specificity of 92.54% (AUC: 0.958). The ROC analysis also identified levels of NT-proBNP of ≥7899pg/ml to predict re-hospitalization, with 76% sensitivity and 60% specificity (AUC: 0.68), while levels ≥18762.1 pg/ml predicted long hospital stay with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.62% (AUC: 0.939).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that NT-proBNP is a powerful measure to predict readmission, mortality and long hospital stay in HF patients and can facilitate discussions with patient prognosis, decisions regarding interventions, and continuity of care.
A mixed method evaluation of cooperative learning using jigsaw classroom model in clinical pharmacology course
Authors: ASIF Uzma , Bano Nusrat , Malick Neelam , Ansari Shakeel Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate use of cooperative learning using jigsaw classroom model in clinical pharmacology course for undergraduate university students.
Methods
A sequential mixed method study design was used. Jigsaw learning was used for teaching selected topics in clinical pharmacology course in addition to traditional lectures used to conduct the remaining topics. At the end of the course, students completed the Jigsaw learning assessment instrument that measured attitude, knowledge, skills and satisfaction. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore their experiences. Test scores of teaching content taught by Jigsaw learning was compared to the content delivered by traditional lectures.
Results
Lowest mean score depicting strongly positive response were observed for survey item-3 (1.9±0.98), item-13 (1.9±0.88) and item-19 (1.8±0.86) within the subscales measuring attitude, skills and satisfaction respectively. Difference between the test performance in course content delivered by jigsaw classroom technique compared to traditional lectures was statistically significant (p<0.001). Difference between mean responses of high and low test scoring students was significant for survey item-4 (p=0.04), item-8 (p=0.001), item-11, 12 (p=0.01, 0.02) and item-16 (p=0.03).
Conclusion
Jigsaw classroom model had positive effects on the attitude, knowledge, skills, satisfaction and test performance of students in clinical pharmacology course.
Psychological Distress and Its Predictors Among Hospital Admitted COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Pillai Renjith R. , Ghosh Abhishek , Shrivasthava Sumit , Muralidharan Sanuj , Kumar Krishan , Kumar Saranya S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective

Limited evidence is available on the psychological distress among patients hospitalized with COVID -19. We assessed (a) the incidence of psychological distress, posttraumatic symptoms and substance use among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, (b) perceived stress, coping, and social support experienced by distressed and non-distressed patients and the predictors of psychological distress.
Method

Ours was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in a Union Territory of India. Patients were assessed (August – September, 2020) at the time of admission (within two days) with standardized instruments (N=250).
Results

More than 19 percent of respondents had experienced significant psychological distress (probable cases) and nearly 9% reported post traumatic stress symptoms. The cases and non-cases differ in terms of active coping (5.51±0.87 v/s 5.06±1.06; t=3.10, p<0.01), emotional support (5.21±0.87 v/s 4.86±0.79; t=2.57, p<0.01), behavioural disengagement (5.18±0.92 v/s 4.55±1.15; t=3.56, p<0.001), venting (5.42±0.96 v/s 4.80±1.24; t=3.30, p<0.01), acceptance (5.75±1.24 v/s 5.29±1.50; t=2.23, p<0.05), religion (5.43±1.41 v/s 6.06±1.46; t=-2.76, p<0.01) and self-blame (5.65±1.00 v/s 4.82±1.39; t=3.95, p<0.001). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress (OR: 2.058; 95% CI: 1.49-2.84) was the only significant predictor of the psychological distress.
Conclusions

Nearly one in five hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience psychological distress. Screening and treatment for trauma and psychological distress should be made an integral component of care for patients with COVID-19
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Supra Bitopological Spaces
Authors: Abbas Fadhil Hussein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we will introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy
supra bitopological spaces and study the fundamental properties of intuitionistic fuzzy supra bitopological spaces. Also introduce intuitionistic fuzzy supra bi-continuous functions in intuitionistic fuzzy supra
bitopological spaces. Moreover introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy supra pairwise separation axioms namely intuitionistic fuzzy
supra pairwise Ti where i 2 f0; 1; 2; 3; 4g of intuitionistic fuzzy supra
bitopological spaces.