bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of a Single-Stage Gas-Fired Ejector Heat Pump Water Heater
Authors: Spitzenberger Jeremy , Wang Pengtao , Ismael Laith , Ma Hongbin , Abuheiba Ahmad , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ejector-driven systems have the ability to operate at high efficiencies, utilizing recycled thermal energy as a power source. For a typical ejector heat pump (EHP) system, the increase of the condenser temperature reduces the coefficient of performance (COP). In addition, if the condenser temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the ejector may not function. In this situation, the condenser temperature must be reduced, and an additional heater will be utilized to heat the production water from the condenser temperature to the desired temperature. In this study, a single-stage gas-fired EHP is investigated and thermodynamically modeled to optimize the system COP for the purpose of heating water by utilizing the thermal energy from the ambient air. The effects of the high-temperature evaporator (HTE) and low-temperature evaporator (LTE) on the ejector critical back pressure and the EHP system performance are examined for a HTE temperature range of 120–180 °C and LTE temperatures of 15.5, 17.5, and 19.5 °C. Results show that an optimized COP for the EHP system exists and is dependent on HTE and LTE temperatures and the primary nozzle throat diameter. In addition, it is found that the peak EHP COP does not necessarily coincide with a large ejector COP. From this study, a maximum EHP COP of 1.31 is achieved at a HTE temperature of 170 °C and LTE temperature of 19.5 °C with a total heating capacity of 15.98 kW.
Interpretation of Stall Precursor Signatures
Authors: Brandstetter Christoph , Ottavy Xavier , Paoletti Benoit , Stapelfeldt Sina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unsteady aerodynamic phenomena appearing close to the stall boundary in axial fans and compressors have been the subject of extensive investigations. A particular phenomenon known as “rotating instabilities” typically occurs in the tip region at highly loaded conditions and is often linked to blade vibrations. During rig and engine testing, it is usually identified by the characteristic shape of its pressure spectra. In the 1990s, this shape has been explained as the result of a circumferentially propagating disturbance, which is unsteady in a frame of reference rotating with the disturbance. In this analysis, conclusions regarding its propagation speed and frequency have been made based on the analysis of spectral peaks, and this method is still often used to classify unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. However, in high subsonic and transonic machines, where aeroacoustic and aeroelastic phenomena interact with aerodynamic disturbances, the interpretation of measurements using spectra alone is challenging. The present article aims to demonstrate the difficulties and subtleties associated with the analysis of measurement signals, which need to be overcome to correctly interpret stall precursor signatures. At the example of a recent investigation on a composite fan, the consequences of sensor placement and postprocessing techniques are discussed with a focus on spectral averaging, isolation of non-synchronous phenomena, and multisensor cross correlation methods. It is seen that the interpretation of phenomena based solely on spectral peaks and their spacing can be misleading and that the characteristic features of a rotating instability spectrum do not require an unstable pulsating disturbance.
The Danish HIV Birth Cohort (DHBC) - a nationwide, prospective cohort
Authors: Weis Nina , Katzenstein Terese L , Ørbæk Mathilde , Storgaard Merete , Pedersen Gitte , Johansen Isik S , Moseholm Ellen 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the Danish HIV Birth Cohort (DHBC) is to investigate the significance of HIV-1 infection in pregnancy and after delivery in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Denmark and their children, in the era of antiretroviral therapy and other interventions for treatment and prophylaxis.ParticipantsAll WLWH giving birth to one or more children in Denmark after 31 December 1999 are included, with consecutive ongoing enrolment, if they are living with HIV and pregnant, or if they are diagnosed with HIV in relation to pregnancy, delivery or shortly after delivery.Findings to dateDHBC has been used to describe trends in the management of pregnancies in WLWH and their outcomes on a nationwide basis, mode of delivery and predictors of emergency caesarean section as well as risk factors during pregnancy in WLWH for birth-related complications compared with women from the general population (WGP). We have found that HIV-exposed, but uninfected (HEU) children born to WLWH had a lower median birth weight and gestational age and were at higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation than children born to WGP. We have investigated risk of in-hospital admission and use of antibiotics during the first 4 years of life among HEU children and showed that HEU children had an increased risk of overall hospital admission compared with a matched control group of unexposed children.Further, we compared anthropometric outcomes in children with a matched control group of children not exposed to HIV.Future plansTo continuously investigate the significance of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and after delivery in WLWH in Denmark and their HEU children and compare these findings with children born to WGP.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among school and daycare children and personnel: protocol for a cohort study in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Zinszer Kate , McKinnon Britt , Bourque Noémie , Zahreddine Monica , Charland Katia , Papenburg Jesse , Fortin Geneviève , Hamelin Marie-Ève , Saucier Adrien , Apostolatos Alex , Pierce Laura , Savard-Lamothe Ashley , Carbonneau Julie , Conrod Patricia , Haley Nancy , Laurin Isabelle , Boivin Guy , De Serres Gaston , Quach Caroline 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionFurther evidence is needed to understand the contribution of schools and daycares for the spread of COVID-19 in the context of diverse transmission dynamics and continually evolving public health interventions. The Enfants et COVID-19: Étude de séroprévalence (EnCORE) study will estimate the seroprevalence and seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 among school and daycare children and personnel. In addition, the study will examine associations between seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics and reported COVID-19 symptoms and tests, and investigates changes in health, lifestyle and well-being outcomes.Methods and analysisThis study includes children and personnel from 62 schools and daycares in four neighbourhoods in Montreal, Canada. All children aged 2–17 years attending one of the participating schools or daycares and their parents are invited to participate, as well as a sample of personnel members. Participants respond to brief questionnaires and provide blood samples, collected via dried blood spot, at baseline (October 2020–March 2021) and follow-up (May–June 2021). Questionnaires include sociodemographic and household characteristics, reported COVID-19 symptoms and tests, potential COVID-19 risk factors and prevention efforts and health and lifestyle information. Logistic regression using generalised estimating equations will be used to estimate seroprevalence and seroconversion, accounting for school-level clustering.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the research ethics boards of the Université de Montréal (CERSES) and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine. Results will contribute to our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools and daycares and will be made available to study participants and their families, school and public health decision-makers and the research community.
Longitudinal cohort study of injury type, settings, treatment and costs in British Columbia youth, 2003–2013
Authors: Leadbeater Bonnie , Contreras Alejandra , Rajabali Fahra , Zheng Alex , Beaulieu Emilie , Pike Ian 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn 2010 in British Columbia (BC), Canada, total injury costs per capita were higher among youth aged 15–24 years than in any other age group. Injury prevention efforts have targeted injuries with high mortality (transportation injuries) or morbidity (concussions). However, the profile and health costs of common youth injuries (types, locations, treatment choices and prevention strategies) and how these change from adolescence to young adulthood is not known.MethodsParticipants (n=662) were a randomly recruited cohort of BC youth, aged 12–18, in 2003. They were followed biennially across a decade (six assessments).ResultsSerious injuries (defined as serious enough to limit normal daily activities) in the last year were reported by 27%–41% of participants at each assessment. Most common injuries were sprains or strains, broken bones, cuts, punctures or animal bites, and severe bruises. Most occurred when playing a sport or from falling. Estimated total direct cost of treatment per injury was approximately $2500. In addition, 25% experienced serious injuries at three or more assessments, indicating possible differences that warrents further investigation.ConclusionsThe occurence and health cost of common injuries to youth and young adults are underestimated in this study but are nevertheless substantial. Ongoing surveillence, awareness raising, and prevention efforts may be needed to reduce these costs.
Clinicopathological significance of WT1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma with >90% mucinous component
Authors: Xu Xiaoli , Bi Rui , Shui Ruohong , Yu Baohua , Cheng Yufan , Tu Xiaoyu , Yang Wentao 
Published: July 2021

AimsThis study was aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of immunohistochemical (IHC) Wilm’s tumour 1 (WT1) expression in invasive breast carcinoma with >90% mucinous components.MethodsOne hundred specimens of invasive breast carcinoma with >90% mucinous component were collected. All H&E-stained slides were reviewed, and the clinicopathological data, including sex, age, tumour size, nuclear grade, histological grade, growth pattern and lymph node (LN) status, were collected. IHC staining of WT1, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 was performed. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation was used to verify the amplification of the HER2 gene. The relationship between WT1 expression and clinicopathological features was analysed statistically.ResultsWT1 expression was detected in 67% (67/100) of invasive breast carcinoma with >90% mucinous components. WT1 expression was significantly associated with low-to-intermediate nuclear grade/histological grade, ER and PR positivity, HER2 negativity, Ki-67 proliferation index <30% and noLN metastasis (all p<0.001). Micropapillary architecture was observed in 80% of cases. WT1 expression was not significantly correlated with different percentage of micropapillary components (p=0.422). None of the histological grade 3 tumours, tumours with HER2 overexpression/amplification and triple-negative specimens showed WT1 expression.ConclusionsWT1 expression was significantly related with low-intermediate nuclear/histological grade, ER positivity, HER2 negativity, a lower Ki-67 proliferation index and no LN metastasis in invasive breast carcinoma with >90% mucinous component. The micropapillary growth pattern in this type of tumour did not show a specific relationship with WT1 expression.
Do people reduce compliance with COVID-19 guidelines following vaccination? A longitudinal analysis of matched UK adults
Authors: Wright Liam , Steptoe Andrew , Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines do not confer immediate immunity and vaccinated individuals may still be at risk of transmitting the virus. Governments have not exempted vaccinated individuals from behavioural measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as practising social distancing. However, vaccinated individuals may have reduced compliance with these measures, given lower perceived risks.MethodsWe used monthly panel data from October 2020 to March 2021 in the UK COVID-19 Social Study to assess changes in compliance following vaccination. Compliance was measured with two items on compliance with guidelines in general and compliance with social distancing. We used matching to create comparable groups of individuals by month of vaccination (January, February or not vaccinated by February) and fixed effects regression to estimate changes in compliance over the study period.ResultsCompliance increased between October 2020 and March 2021, regardless of vaccination status or month of vaccination. There was no clear evidence that vaccinated individuals decreased compliance relative to those who were not yet vaccinated.ConclusionThere was little evidence that sample members vaccinated in January or February reduced compliance after receiving vaccination for COVID-19. Continued monitoring is required as younger individuals receive the vaccine, lockdown restrictions are lifted and individuals receive second doses of the vaccine.
Exploiting off-target effects of estrogen deprivation to sensitize estrogen receptor negative breast cancer to immune killing
Authors: Wolfson Benjamin , Padget Michelle R , Schlom Jeffrey , Hodge James W 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThere are highly effective treatment strategies for estrogen receptor (ER)+, progesterone receptor (PR)+, and HER2+ breast cancers; however, there are limited targeted therapeutic strategies for the 10%–15% of women who are diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. Here, we hypothesize that ER targeting drugs induce phenotypic changes to sensitize breast tumor cells to immune-mediated killing regardless of their ER status.MethodsReal-time cell analysis, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and multiplexed RNA profiling were performed to characterize ER+ and ER− breast cancer cells and to interrogate the phenotypic effects of ER targeting drugs. Sensitization of breast cancer cells to immune cell killing by the tamoxifen metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and fulvestrant was determined through in vitro health-donor natural killer cell111IN-release killing assays. A syngeneic tumor study was performed to validate these findings in vivo.ResultsPretreatment with tamoxifen metabolite 4-OHT or fulvestrant resulted in increased natural killer (NK)–mediated cell lysis of both ER+ and ER− breast cancer cells. Through multiplexed RNA profiling analysis of 4-OHT-treated ER+ and ER− cells, we identified increased activation of apoptotic and death receptor signaling pathways and identified G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen (GPR30) engagement as a putative mechanism for immunogenic modulation. Using the specific GPR30 agonist G-1, we demonstrate that targeted activation of GPR30 signaling resulted in increased NK cell killing. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of GPR30 inhibited 4-OHT and fulvestrant mediated increases to NK cell killing, demonstrating this is dependent on GPR30 expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that this mechanism remains active in a 4-OHT-resistant MCF7 cell line, showing that even in patient populations with ER+ tumors that are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen, 4-OHT treatment sensitizes them to immune-mediated killing. Moreover, we find that fulvestrant pretreatment of tumor cells synergizes with the IL-15 superagonist N-803 treatment of NK cells and sensitizes tumor cells to killing by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeting high-affinity natural killer (t-haNK) cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the combination of fulvestrant and N-803 is effective in triple-negative breast cancer in vivo.ConclusionTogether, these findings demonstrate a novel effect of ER targeting drugs on the interaction of ER+ and, surprisingly, ER− tumors cells with the immune system. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential use of ER targeting drugs as immunomodulatory agents in an ER agnostic manner and may inform novel immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer.
Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an international audit
Authors: Semb Anne Grete , Rollefstad Silvia , Ikdahl Eirik , Wibetoe Grunde , Sexton Joseph , Crowson Cindy , van Riel Piet , Kitas George , Graham Ian , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Karpouzas George Athanasios , Myasoedova Elena , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A , Sfikakis Petros P , Tektonidou Maria G , Lazarini Argyro , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Kuriya Bindee , Hitchon Carol , Stoenoiu Maria Simona , Durez Patrick , Pascual-Ramos Virginia , Galarza-Delgado Dionicio Angel , Faggiano Pompilio , Misra Durga Prasanna , Borg Andrew A , Mu Rong , Mirrakhimov Erkin M , Gheta Diane , Douglas Karen , Agarwal Vikas , Myasoedova Svetlana , Krougly Lev , Valentinovna Popkova Tatiana , Tuchyňová Alena , Tomcik Michal , Vrablik Michal , Lastuvka Jiri , Horak Pavel , Medkova Helena Kaspar , Kerola Anne M 
Published: July 2021

AimThe objective was to examine the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and its risk factors among patients with RA with diabetes mellitus (RA-DM) and patients with RA without diabetes mellitus (RAwoDM), and to evaluate lipid and blood pressure (BP) goal attainment in RA-DM and RAwoDM in primary and secondary prevention.MethodsThe cohort was derived from the Survey of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis from 53 centres/19 countries/3 continents during 2014–2019. We evaluated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among RA-DM and RAwoDM. The study population was divided into those with and without ASCVD, and within these groups we compared risk factors and CVD preventive treatment between RA-DM and RAwoDM.ResultsThe study population comprised of 10 543 patients with RA, of whom 1381 (13%) had DM. ASCVD was present in 26.7% in RA-DM compared with 11.6% RAwoDM (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with a diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and use of lipid-lowering or antihypertensive agents was higher among RA-DM than RAwoDM (p<0.001 for all). The majority of patients with ASCVD did not reach the lipid goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.8 mmol/L. The lipid goal attainment was statistically and clinically significantly higher in RA-DM compared with RAwoDM both for patients with and without ASCVD. The systolic BP target of <140 mm Hg was reached by the majority of patients, and there were no statistically nor clinically significant differences in attainment of BP targets between RA-DM and RAwoDM.ConclusionCVD preventive medication use and prevalence of ASCVD were higher in RA-DM than in RAwoDM, and lipid goals were also more frequently obtained in RA-DM. Lessons may be learnt from CVD prevention programmes in DM to clinically benefit patients with RA .
Low prevalence of anti-SSA (anti-Ro) and anti-SSB (anti-La) autoantibodies in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a wish to conceive
Authors: Smeele Hieronymus T W , Schreurs Marco W J , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Cornette Jerome M J , Dolhain Radboud J E M 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesGuidelines advise to test for anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A (anti-SSA) and anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen B (anti-SSB) antibodies in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who wish to conceive. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and titres of anti-SSA and anti-SSB autoantibodies in patients with RA with a wish to conceive or pregnant.MethodsPatients were derived from two large cohorts on RA and pregnancy (PARA cohort and PreCARA cohort). In addition, to determine the clinical relevance of searching for anti-SSA and anti-SSB in patients with RA, we studied the prevalence of the maternal diagnosis of RA in the French national registry of neonatal lupus syndrome (NLS) and congenital heart block (CHB).Results26 out of 647 patients with RA had detectable anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB. Anti-SSA was detected in 25 out of 647 patients (3.9%) (Ro-52, n=17; Ro-60, n=19), anti-SSB in 7 out of 647 (1.1%). Thirteen women had a titre of >240 units/mL of anti-SSA antibodies. The prevalence of anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB was higher in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive patients compared with RF-negative patients (5.1% vs 1.6%, p=0.04). No cases of CHB and/or NLS in the offspring were observed. In the French national register, the prevalence of RA in mothers with SSA related CHB was 1.5%.ConclusionAnti-SSA and anti-SSB have a low prevalence in patients with RA who wish to conceive. Especially for RF-negative patients, the current advise to test for anti-SSA and anti-SSB should be reconsidered.
Walnut bloom powder as a waste-based sorbent for cationic dyes removal: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Marzi Khosrowshahi Elnaz , Farhami Nabieh , Jannat Behrooz , Farrokhzadeh Samaneh , Razmi Habib 
Published: July 2021

In the present study, for the first time, walnut bloom (WB) powder was used as a natural and economic sorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. This new biosorbent was characterized using the following techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), COHNS, BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. MB removal efficiency and its adsorption onto WB powder were tested in a batch system by varying parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and dosage of biosorbent in which the removal percentages of ∼92% was achieved under the optimum conditions. Equilibrium data and adsorption isotherms fit well with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.999, 0 < RL < 1) with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 46 mg g−1. The chemical kinetics of MB adsorption followed the pseudo second-order model. Also, the magnitude of thermodynamic functions identified the removal of MB. ΔH° of –7.32 kJ mol−1and ΔS° of –4.32 kJ mol−1indicated the spontaneity, exothermicity, and favorability of the adsorption process at room temperature.
Visually sorting waste wood — an exploratory study
Authors: Schild Anna , Cool Julie 
Published: July 2021

Waste wood collected at the Vancouver landfill has been sorted based on the visibility of coatings, paints, and the green colorization of wood typically associated with wood preservatives. The sorted material was then ground and tested with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) for heavy metal elements that are toxic or harmful to humans and (or) the environment. Results indicated that wood preservatives were not visually detectable but paints and coatings were. Therefore, the study demonstrated that visual sorting is not sufficiently accurate to distinguish between treated and clean or untreated waste wood.
Next-to-leading-logarithm threshold resummation for exclusive B meson decays
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qing , Li Hsiang-nan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe extend the threshold resummation of the large logarithms $$\ln x$$

ln
x

which appear in factorization formulas for exclusive B meson decays, x being a spectator momentum fraction, to the next-to-leading-logarithm (NLL) accuracy. It is shown that the NLL resummation effect provides suppression in the end-point region with $$x\sim 0$$

x
∼
0

stronger than the leading-logarithm (LL) one, and thus improves perturbative analyses of the above processes. We revisit the $$B\rightarrow K\pi $$

B
→
K
π

decays under the NLL resummation in the perturbative QCD approach, and find that it induces up to 20% variation of the direct CP asymmetries in various modes relative to the LL results. Our method to avoid the Landau singularity in the inverse Mellin transformation causes at most 10% theoretical uncertainty.