bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ downregulates tight junction function, which is rescued by interleukin‐17A
Authors: Mizutani Yukiko , Takagi Nao , Nagata Haruna , Inoue Shintaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough atopic dermatitis (AD) has been reported to be a typical type 2 immune response disease, it is also an inflammatory skin disease that involves cytokines, such as Th1, Th17 and Th22. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the candidate cytokines, alone or in combination, are involved in AD pathology. Differences in cytokine balance, which contribute to the complexity of AD pathology, may influence the stratum corneum barrier function through tight junction (TJ) functional stability and contribute to disease severity. To confirm the regulatory mechanism of TJ protein expression in AD, we investigated the Th1 and Th17 pathways, which are the initiation factors of chronic AD pathology. We examined the effects of these cytokines on TJ protein expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro, and also examined their function in a human skin equivalent model. We observed a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibitory effect of IFN‐γ on claudin‐1 expression via the IFN‐γ receptor/JAK/STAT signalling pathway. IFN‐γ impaired TJ function in a human skin equivalent model. Moreover, we investigated co‐stimulation with IL‐17A, which is highly expressed in AD skin lesions and found that IL‐17A restores IFN‐γ‐induced TJ dysfunction. This restoration of TJ function was mediated by atypical protein kinase C zeta activation without recovery of TJ protein expression. These results are informative for personalized AD treatment via systemic therapies using anti‐cytokine antibodies and/or JAK inhibitors.
Effect of support groups on caregiver’s quality of life
Authors: Bernabéu‐Álvarez Claudia , Lima‐Rodríguez Joaquín‐Salvador , Lima‐Serrano Marta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that participating in support groups for caregivers has on the quality of life and psychotropic drug use of family caregivers of adults with limitations in activities of daily living. A controlled quasi‐experimental longitudinal design was used with 134 caregivers (64 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group). The outcomes were health‐related quality of life (EuroQol 5D3L test) and psychotropic drug use (no/yes). The analyses were performed using SPSS and R statistical software. An interaction was observed between the condition and the level of limitations in activities of daily living of the care receiver, having an effect on the caregiver's psychotropic drug use (p = 0.003), with this use being lower among caregivers who attend support groups when their relatives present fewer limitations in activities of daily living. Moreover, the quality of life was higher in the post‐test in the experimental group (B = 8.66, p = 0.015). In conclusion, support groups could improve the caregiver's quality of life and decrease psychotropic drug use when the care receiver has low limitations in activities of daily living.
SUMO wrestling in the cellular dohyō: crosstalk between phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PKCδ regulates oxidative cell damage
Authors: Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: July 2021

The novel PKCδ isoform has been shown to mediate a pro‐apoptotic function in response to oxidative stressors. Siman Gao and colleagues performed an in‐depth biochemical and molecular analysis of factors that regulate PKCδ function. They demonstrated convincingly that PKCδ is regulated by an interplay between SUMOylation and phosphorylation. They also showed that these events are critical for hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis, thus identifying potentially novel mechanisms that may be harnessed for cell protection.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16050
A review and evaluation of the effects of hydrodynamic variables on freshwater mussel communities
Authors: Lopez Jonathan W. , Vaughn Caryn C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Riverine species are governed by the physical (i.e. hydrodynamic) forces generated by flowing water. Freshwater species are also disproportionately imperilled compared to terrestrial and marine species in large part due to widespread anthropogenic alteration of the natural flow regimes to which organisms are adapted. Sedentary species such as freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) are especially vulnerable because they are unable to move quickly in response to novel flow patterns created by impoundments and water withdrawals.

We evaluated the effects of hydrodynamic variables on mussel communities. We reviewed the literature to synthesise the relationships between three categories of hydrodynamic variables (hydrologic, simple hydraulic, and complex hydraulic) and mussel community parameters. We evaluated which variables are most useful in predicting mussel presence, abundance, and species richness, provided recommendations to help standardise their use in characterising mussel habitat and reviewed the reciprocal influence of mussels on hydraulic forces at the sediment–water interface.

Hydrologic variables such as stream size and anthropogenic flow alteration were useful in predicting basin‐ and landscape‐scale changes in mussel communities. At finer scales, complex hydraulic variables—mainly shear stress and Reynolds number—were more useful at predicting mussel community responses. Simple hydraulic variables (flow velocity, depth, discharge) had mixed success as predictors of mussel community parameters and are likely to be indirectly correlated to mussel responses because they are used to calculate more complex variables.

More emphasis should be placed on species‐ and basin‐specific responses of freshwater mussels when considering the effects of the hydrologic regime on mussels, with an eye towards sustainable water management (e.g. flow restoration, environmental flows). Simple hydraulic variables should be assessed across the range of discharge at a site, in combination with channel and substrate characteristics. This allows the calculation of complex hydraulic variables that may be more directly limiting to mussel communities.

Mussels also alter near‐bed hydraulic characteristics, resulting in feedbacks between mussel community parameters and local hydraulic variable s. Researchers should consider that mussel beds have a reciprocal influence on near‐bed flow characteristics and should continue to explore the effects of such ecological engineering for possible interspecific facilitation benefits between mussel species.
Mammal assemblage composition predicts global patterns in emerging infectious disease risk
Authors: Wang Yingying X. G. , Matson Kevin D. , Santini Luca , Visconti Piero , Hilbers Jelle P. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Xu Yanjie , Prins Herbert H. T. , Allen Toph , Huang Zheng Y. X. , de Boer Willem F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a source of emerging infectious diseases, wildlife assemblages (and related spatial patterns) must be quantitatively assessed to help identify high‐risk locations. Previous assessments have largely focussed on the distributions of individual species; however, transmission dynamics are expected to depend on assemblage composition. Moreover, disease–diversity relationships have mainly been studied in the context of species loss, but assemblage composition and disease risk (e.g. infection prevalence in wildlife assemblages) can change without extinction. Based on the predicted distributions and abundances of 4466 mammal species, we estimated global patterns of disease risk through the calculation of the community‐level basic reproductive ratio R0, an index of invasion potential, persistence, and maximum prevalence of a pathogen in a wildlife assemblage. For density‐dependent diseases, we found that, in addition to tropical areas which are commonly viewed as infectious disease hotspots, northern temperate latitudes included high‐risk areas. We also forecasted the effects of climate change and habitat loss from 2015 to 2035. Over this period, many local assemblages showed no net loss of species richness, but the assemblage composition (i.e. the mix of species and their abundances) changed considerably. Simultaneously, most areas experienced a decreased risk of density‐dependent diseases but an increased risk of frequency‐dependent diseases. We further explored the factors driving these changes in disease risk. Our results suggest that biodiversity and changes therein jointly influence disease risk. Understanding these changes and their drivers and ultimately identifying emerging infectious disease hotspots can help health officials prioritize resource distribution.
A narrative review of the importance of pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interactions of preventive therapies in migraine management
Authors: Joshi Shivang , Tepper Stewart J. , Lucas Sylvia , Rasmussen Soeren , Nelson Rob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the pharmacokinetics of major classes of migraine preventives and the clinical implications of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with the use of these therapies in migraine management.BackgroundPreventive treatments for migraine are recommended for a large proportion of patients with frequent migraine attacks. These patients often exhibit a number of comorbidities, which may lead to the introduction of multiple concomitant therapies. Potential DDIs must be considered when using polytherapy to avoid increased risk of adverse events (AEs) or inadequate treatment of comorbid conditions.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify pharmacokinetic properties and potential DDIs of beta‐blockers, antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, gepants, and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the calcitonin gene‐related peptide pathway with medications that may be used for comorbid conditions.ResultsMost DDIs occur through alterations in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme activity and may be complicated by genetic polymorphism for metabolic enzymes. Additionally, drug metabolism may be altered by grapefruit juice ingestion and smoking. The use of migraine preventive therapies may exacerbate symptoms of comorbid conditions or increase the risk of AEs associated with comorbid conditions as a result of DDIs.ConclusionsDDIs are important to consider in patients with migraine who use multiple medications. The development of migraine‐specific evidence‐based preventive treatments allows for tailored clinical management that reduces the risk of DDIs and associated AEs in patients with comorbidities.
Molecular pathology of skin adnexal tumours
Authors: Plotzke Jaclyn M , Adams David J , Harms Paul W 
Published: July 2021

AimsTumours of the cutaneous adnexa arise from, or differentiate towards, structures in normal skin such as hair follicles, sweat ducts/glands, sebaceous glands or a combination of these elements. This class of neoplasms includes benign tumours and highly aggressive carcinomas. Adnexal tumours often present as solitary sporadic lesions, but can herald the presence of an inherited tumour syndrome such as Muir–Torre syndrome, Cowden syndrome or CYLD cutaneous syndrome. In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, molecular changes in adnexal neoplasia have been poorly characterised and there are few published reviews on the current state of knowledge.Methods and resultsWe reviewed findings in peer‐reviewed literature on molecular investigations of cutaneous adnexal tumours published to June 2021.ConclusionsRecent discoveries have revealed diverse oncogenic drivers and tumour suppressor alterations in this class of tumours, implicating pathways including Ras/MAPK, PI3K, YAP/TAZ, beta‐catenin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). These observations have identified novel markers, such as NUT for poroma and porocarcinoma and PLAG1 for mixed tumours. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and update of the molecular findings associated with adnexal tumours of the skin.
Interobserver reproducibility of the diagnosis of differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion (DEVIL) and the distinction from its mimics
Authors: Neville Grace , Chapel David B , Crum Christopher P , Song Sharon J , Yoon Ju‐Yoon , Lee Kenneth R , Kolin David L , Hirsch Michelle S , Nucci Marisa R , Parra‐Herran Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AimsMost vulvar squamous cell carcinomas are human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated or TP53‐mutant. A third category of HPV‐independent TP53‐wild‐type lesions is uncommon and not fully understood. Differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion (DEVIL) has been characterised as a precursor of this latter category. The reproducibility of the diagnosis of DEVIL and its distinction from lesions with overlapping morphology has not been studied. Our aim was to establish the interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of DEVIL and its distinction from neoplastic and reactive conditions of the vulva on haematoxylin and eosin evaluation.Methods and resultsA set of 35 slides was evaluated by eight reviewers (two trainees and six practising gynaecological pathologists). The set included DEVIL, condyloma, established vulvar precursors [high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN)] with superimposed acanthosis or verruciform growth, lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), and psoriasis. Kappa (κ) values were calculated. Overall, interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.56), improving to substantial (κ = 0.7) when evaluation was performed by practising pathologists. Agreement was strong for the diagnosis of HSIL (κ = 0.88), and substantial for the diagnosis of DEVIL (κ = 0.61), condyloma (κ = 0.79), and LSC (κ = 0.72). Agreement was moderate for the diagnosis of dVIN (κ = 0.59) and psoriasis (κ = 0.53). Perfect agreement (6/6) among practising pathologists was observed in 43% of cases, and majority agreement (5/6 or 4/6) was observed in 48% of cases.ConclusionsReproducibility in the diagnosis of verruciform vulvar lesions, including the novel DEVIL, is acceptable overall. Reproducibility is higher for well‐known lesions such as HSIL and condyloma than for more challenging diagnoses such as DEVIL, dVIN, and psoriasis. Agreement is higher among practising gynaecological pathologists, suggesting that training and experience improve reproducibility. Our findings support the inclusion of DEVIL as a diagnostic entity in the classification of vulvar squamous lesions.
Could it be gluten? Additional skin conditions associated with celiac disease
Authors: Klemm Natasha , Gooderham Melinda J. , Papp Kim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCeliac disease is a multifactorial, inflammatory disorder initiated and sustained by the ingestion of gluten. Occurring across a broad population, the intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease are variable in severity and may be nonspecific in presentation. Given that environmental, genetic, and immune factors involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease that the digestive tract and skin share many characteristics, and with a prevalence of 0.5–1% in most populations, it is reasonable to consider varying presentations of skin conditions that are linked with celiac disease. The association between celiac disease and skin conditions has been discussed earlier, but new studies have emerged suggesting cutaneous involvement in addition to dermatitis herpetiformis. We review the current literature identifying the relationship and potential mechanisms between celiac disease and various skin conditions.
Optimized piezoelectric properties and temperature stability in PSN‐PMN‐PT by adjusting the phase structure and grain size
Authors: Guo Feifei , Yang Chao , Zhou Hongqiao , Dong Shasha , Fang Pinyang , Wang Junjun , Du Juan , Long Wei , Li Xiaojuan , Yang Bin , Xi Zengzhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor relaxor ferroelectric materials, improving the piezoelectric properties and temperature stability simultaneously is still a great challenge up to now. In this work, the structure, electric properties, and thermal stability of xPSN‐(1 − x)PMN‐0.4PT (x = 0.15, 0.29, 0.43, and 0.5) ceramics were studied systematically by experiment and phase field simulation. A high Curie temperature Tc of 255℃ and good longitudinal electricmechanical coupling factor k33 of 0.75 and piezoelectric constant d33 of 650 pC/N are achieved in x = 0.43 ceramics with monoclinic C and tetragonal phases coexistence at room temperature. At 30℃, this composition ceramics sintered at 1260℃ shows the remnant polarization Pr and coercive field Ec are about 36.8 µC/cm2 and 8.2 kV/cm respectively. Moreover, as the temperature increases to 150℃, these values remain as high as 22.6 µC/cm2 and 5.7 kV/cm. In the temperature range of 30–230℃, the variation of k33 and d33 is about 24% and 25%. These high piezoelectric performance and superior temperature stability are related to the more complex domain structures caused by phase coexistence and larger grains with more stable domain structure due to internal stress. The former is beneficial in improving the piezoelectric properties, and the latter dominates the enhanced temperature stability.
Sleep and hypoglycaemia symptom perception in adults with type‐1 diabetes mellitus: A mixed‐methods review
Authors: Matus Austin , Trout Kimberly K. , Sawyer Amy M. , Riegel Barbara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aims to review, synthesize and integrate primary research on the relationship between sleep and hypoglycaemia symptom perception in adults with type‐1 diabetes.DesignThis mixed‐methods review follows a convergent segregated approach to synthesis and integration of qualitative and quantitative evidence.Data SourcesWith assistance of a biomedical librarian, a search of four databases was conducted (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO) in June 2020. The review included primary research measuring sleep and hypoglycaemia symptom perception in adults (age ≥ 18 years) with type‐1 diabetes in English. Studies that exclusively addressed children, type‐2 diabetes or outcomes unrelated to sleep and hypoglycaemia symptom perception were excluded.Review MethodsScreening focused on title and abstract review (n = 624). Studies not excluded after screening (n = 35) underwent full‐text review. References of each study selected for inclusion (n = 6) were hand searched with one study added. All studies included in the review (n = 7) were critically appraised with JBI Critical Appraisal tools, and then data were extracted with systematic evaluation.ResultsQuantitative synthesis found sleep reduces the magnitude of detectable symptoms and one's capacity to detect them. Qualitative synthesis found that individuals with type‐1 diabetes perceive unpredictable severity, frequency and awareness of symptoms while asleep as an oppressive, lingering threat. Integration of findings highlights the troublesome duality of sleep's relationship with hypoglycaemia symptom perception.ConclusionsSleep presents a challenging time for individuals with type‐1 diabetes. Further research examining the relationship between sleep and hypoglycaemia symptom perception is recommended as the number of studies limits this review.ImpactSymptom perception is the main physiologic defense against severe hypoglycaemia in type‐1 diabetes. This review found that sleep's relationship with hypoglycaemia symptoms has unique physiological and psychological components to address when providing comprehensive care. This review may inform future lines of inquiry that develop into interventions, improvements in practice and risk reduction for hypoglycaemia‐related complications.
Complete physical examinations in Manitoba adults with an intellectual or developmental disability: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ratnayake Iresha , Shooshtari Shahin , Chateau Dan , Kristjanson Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplete physical examinations (CPE) can identify health disparities in persons with intellectual or developmental disabilities. The objective of this study was to determine and compare rates of CPE among Manitoba adults with and without intellectual or developmental disabilities over time and to identify factors that were associated with receiving a CPE.MethodA retrospective cohort study using linked administrative health and non‐health data from 1995 to 2015 was conducted. Poisson and logistic regression were used to calculate CPE rates and examine factors associated with CPE.ResultsThe rates of CPE are decreasing over time and are higher among Manitobans with an intellectual or developmental disability. Characteristics such as being male, living rurally, low socioeconomic status, and high continuity of care led to lower odds of receiving a CPE.ConclusionsThe current state of CPE provision to adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities in Manitoba is encouraging but needs improvement.
The experiences of psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Embregts Petri J. C. M. , Tournier Tess , Frielink Noud 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 lockdown in the Netherlands.MethodFive psychologists, who were affiliated with three intellectual disability services, participated in this descriptive qualitative study. Overall, they recorded 22 audio messages during the period under examination, which were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (a) Working from home; (b) Adapting to the new reality; and (c) Advising and coaching support staff.ConclusionsThis study provides critical insights into the experiences of psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 lockdown. These insights can help policymakers and practitioners to prepare for either a potential second wave of COVID‐19 or a future pandemic.
Complete interatrial block in a left‐atrial dependent atrioventricular node
Authors: Ramos Jiménez Javier , Marco del Castillo Álvaro , Rodríguez Muñoz Daniel , Borrego Bernabé Luis , Fontenla Adolfo , López Gil María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction: A middle‐age woman underwent an electrophysiologic study due to recurrent atypical atrial flutter.Methods and Result: Radiofrequency ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus and anterior mitral line was performed. During energy delivery on the anterior left atrial wall, interatrial dissociation and complete block of the sinus impulse to the atrioventricular (AV) node was observed. AV node activation became dependent on a subsidiary left atrial rhythm.Conclusion: Anatomical location of intra and inter‐atrial connections must be taken into account when performing extensive ablation procedures, specially in cases with prior cardiac surgeries.