bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry symmetry-free and Higher-order Optical Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Zhou Qingjia , Fu Yangyang , Huang Lujun , Wu Qiannan , Miroshnichenko Andrey , Gao Lei , Xu Yadong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Geometrical symmetry plays a significant role in realizing robust, symmetry-protected, bound states in the continuum (BICs). However, this benefit is only theoretical in many cases since the unavoidable imperfections of fabricated samples may easily break the stringent geometrical requirements. Here we propose an essentially new approach by introducing the concept of geometrical-symmetry-free but symmetry-protected BICs, realized using the static-like environment induced by a zero-index metamaterial (ZIM). We find that robust BICs exist and are protected from the disordered distribution of multiple objects inside ZIM host by its physical symmetries rather than geometrical ones. We further show theoretically and numerically that the existence of those higher-order BICs depends only on the number of objects. By practically designing a structural ZIM waveguide, the existence of BICs is numerically confirmed, as well as their independence on the presence of geometrical symmetry. Our findings provide a new way of realizing higher-order BICs and link their properties to disorder of photonic systems.
Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in General Anesthesia Among Pediatric Surgical Patients in Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020; A Cross-Sectional Follow-Up
Authors: Woldegerima Yophtahe , Muche Desalegn , Birlie Wubie , Adane Habtu , Mengie Misganaw 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are the most frequent complications in pediatrics which frequently result in morbidity and mortality. They are accountable for 75% of perioperative critical incidents and 33% of cardiac arrests. The occurrence and severity of PRAEs depends on the natures of surgery, anesthesia & patient’s status.Objective: To assess the incidence and factors associated with PRAEs in general anesthesia among pediatric surgical patients at the University of Gondar and Tibebe-Ghion Comprehensive Hospital and Specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: After obtaining the ethical approval, a hospital-based prospective cross-sectional follow-up study was conducted among pediatric surgical patients who underwent variety of surgical operations. A total of 225 patients were included. The associations between independent variables and the outcome variables were determined at 95% CI with the Chi-squared test, Fisher–exact test, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the goodness of fit. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The incidence of PRAEs among 210 (93.3% response rate) pediatrics surgical patients was 26.2% (95% CI: 20.5, 30.9). A total of 129 episodes of PRAEs were observed. Most of the adverse events (89 (69.0%)) were occurred postoperatively. Desaturation was found to be the predominant adverse event which was occurred 61 (47.3%) times. Age < 1 year (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3, 10.0), ASA ≥ 3 (AOR: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.9, 22.9), upper respiratory tract infections (AOR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 30.2), presence of secretions in the upper airway (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.9) and airway related procedures (AOR: 6.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 24.1) were significantly associated PRAEs.Conclusions: The incidence of PRAEs among pediatric surgical patients was relatively high (26.2%). Especially, the postoperative phase is the most critical time for the occurrence of PRAEs and desaturation was the predominant adverse event. Age less than a year, presence of upper respiratory tract infections, presence of secretions in the upper airways, ASA ≥ 3 and airway related procedures were associated with PRAEs. Clinicians should carry out effective risk assessment, optimization and adequate preparation for the management of perioperative respiratory adverse events.
Confluence of Artificial Intelligence and High Performance Computing for Accelerated, Scalable and Reproducible Gravitational Wave Detection
Authors: Huerta Eliu , Khan Asad , Huang Xiaobo , Tian Minyang , Levental Maksim , Chard Ryan , Wei Wei , Heflin Maeve , Katz Daniel , Kindratenko Volodymyr , Mu Dawei , Blaiszik Ben , Foster Ian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Finding new ways to use artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate the analysis of gravitational wave data, and ensuring the developed models are easily reusable promises to unlock new opportunities in multi-messenger astrophysics (MMA), and to enable wider use, rigorous validation, and sharing of developed models by the community. In this work, we demonstrate how connecting recently deployed DOE and NSF-sponsored cyberinfrastructure allows for new ways to publish models, and to subsequently deploy these models into applications using computing platforms ranging from laptops to high performance computing clusters. We develop a workflow that connects the \texttt{Data and Learning Hub for Science} (DLHub), a repository for publishing machine learning models, with the Hardware Accelerated Learning (HAL) deep learning computing cluster, using funcX as a universal distributed computing service. We then use this workflow to search for binary black hole gravitational wave signals in open source advanced LIGO data. We find that using this workflow, an ensemble of four openly available deep learning models can be run on HAL and process the entire month of August 2017 of advanced LIGO data in just seven minutes, identifying all four binary black hole mergers previously identified in this dataset, and reporting no misclassifications. This approach, which combines advances in AI, distributed computing, and scientific data infrastructure opens new pathways to conduct reproducible, accelerated, data-driven gravitational wave detection.
Evidence for widespread woody plant use of water stored in bedrock
Authors: McCormick Erica , Dralle David , Hahm William , Tune Alison , Schmidt Logan , Chadwick K. Dana , Rempe Daniella 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Woody plant transpiration is a major control on Earth’s climate system, streamﬂow, and human water supply. Soils are widely
considered to be the primary reservoir of water for woody plants, however, plants also access water stored in the fractures and pores of bedrock, either as rock moisture (water stored in the unsaturated zone) (Schwinning, 2010) or bedrock groundwater (below the water table) (Miller et al., 2010). Bedrock as a water source for plants has not been evaluated over large scales, and consequently, its importance to terrestrial water and carbon cycling is poorly known (Fan et al., 2019). Here, we show that woody plants routinely access signiﬁcant quantities of water stored in bedrock —commonly as rock moisture —for transpiration across diverse climates and biomes. For example, in California, the volume of bedrock water transpired by woody vegetation annually exceeds that stored in man-made reservoirs, and woody vegetation that withdraws bedrock water accounts for over 50% of the aboveground carbon stocks in the state. Our ﬁndings show that bedrock water storage dynamics are a critical element of terrestrial water cycling and therefore necessary to capture the effect of shifting climate on woody ecosystems, above- and belowground carbon storage, and water resources.
Parenting Support: Mediation Pathways for Reduced Substance Use Among Parents and Their Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Massarwi Adeem , Cluver Lucie , Meinck Fraziska , Lachman Jamie , Doubt Jenny , Shenderovich Yulia , Ohad Green 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Substance use is a major public health concern worldwide. Alcohol and drug use have risen over recent decades in many low and middle-income countries, with South Africa among the highest globally.Despite effectiveness of family-based interventions on reducing substance use among adolescents, less is known about the effectiveness of family-based programs on substance use among parents and caregivers, in particular, among families in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).This study investigated mediators of change in a parenting programme (Parenting for Lifelong Health -PLH) on reduction of substance use among parents and their children through three potential mediators: parental depression, parenting stress and family poverty. In addition, the study examined the correlation between parental substance use and adolescent substance use.Methods: The current study draws on a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial design; the total sample comprised 552 parents\caregiver and adolescent dyads (parents\caregivers M = 49.37; SD = 14.69 and adolescents M = 13.84; SD = 2.38) who were recruited from 40 communities in South Africa’s Eastern Cape. Participants completed a structured confidential self-report questionnaire, at baseline and follow-up test (5–9 months following the intervention). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to investigate direct and indirect effects. Results: Mediation analysis indicated that PLH intervention impact on parental substance use reduction among parents ran through one indirect pathway: Improvement in parental mental health (reduction in parental depression levels). There were no pathways from PLH intervention to parental substance use through parenting stress or family poverty. Furthermore, findings showed a significant positive correlation between parental substance use and adolescents' substance use.Conclusions: The findings of the study highlight the fact that PLH parenting intervention has a significant effect on secondary outcomes, including substance use and depression among parents\caregivers in LMIC. These findings emphasize the need for creating supportive environments and systems for parents who suffer from emotional strain and mental health problems, in particular among families in adversity. Supporting parental mental health as part of a parenting programme serves as a significant pathway for reducing substance use among parents and their children.Trial registration: Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201507001119966. Registered on 27 April 2015. It can be found by searching for the key word ‘Sinovuyo’ on their website or via the following link:http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/appmanager/atm/atmregistry_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=BasicSearchUpdateController_1&BasicSearchUpdateController_1_actionOverride=%2Fpageflows%2Ftrial%2FbasicSearchUpdate%2FviewTrail&BasicSearchUpdateController_1id=1119
Influence of Preoperative Anxiety Level on Postoperative Pain After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Hamid Mohammad , Raza Amir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionPreoperative anxiety is generally neglected in evaluation of cardiac surgery patients due to various reasons including insufficient literature and lack of simple assessment tool. In addition, association between anxiety and postoperative complications including pain has been scarcely studied.Present study was designed, to assess preoperative anxiety levels in all patients coming for cardiac surgery and then evaluate the effect of different levels of anxiety on postoperative pain scores. MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in a single university hospital, from March 2018 to December 2019. 100 consecutive cardiac surgery patients between the ages of 18-65 year were enrolled in this study. Level of preoperative anxiety ( assessed by State Anxiety Inventory) and its effect on postoperative pain and morphine consumption was assessed.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 58.24±10.03 year in which 68% were male and 32% female. Preoperative mild anxiety was observed in 64% patients and moderate to severe anxiety in 36% patients. Post-operative mean pain score was significantly high in moderate to severe anxiety group as compared to mild anxiety group [Mean pain difference =1.64 (95%CI: 1.38-1.89) p=0.0005], [Mean pain difference =0.51 (95%CI: 0.29-0.73) p=0.0005] at 12 hour and 24 hour respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative morphine consumption was significantly high in patients with moderate to severe anxiety group.ConclusionsPatients with moderate to severe anxiety before cardiac surgery experienced higher pain scores at post-operative period which is significantly different from mild anxiety group. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements were also significantly increased.
Ethnobotanical Characterization of Scarlet Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Benin Republic
Authors: Aguessy Scholastique , Idossou Roger , Dassou Anicet Gbèblonoudo , Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle , Yelome Octaviano Igor , Gbaguidi Anicet A. , Agre Paterne A. , Dansi Alexandre , Agbangla Clément 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The African eggplant [Solanum aethiopicum (L.)] is an important orphan traditional vegetable cultivated in tropical regions for its edible fruits. In Benin republic, S. aethiopicum (L.) is mainly produced by rural farmers for food and for its uses in traditional medicine. Assessing the varietal diversity, the endogenous knowledge, the production constraints and the farmers’ preference criteria are of great importance for promotion and conservation purposes. Methods: Using rural appraisal tools and methods, an ethnobotanical study was conducted within 680 households across 92 villages. A total of 60 local accessions were identified, documented and collected in the surveyed sites. Results: We documented fifteen (15) farmers’ criteria for agronomic (57.88% of responses), and culinary (28.51%) preference; and for economic (13.61%) aspects. Several constraints related to eggplant production in Benin were recorded among which, low market demand (27% of responses), lack of high-yielding cultivars (11.08% of responses), low fruit storability (10.67%), low productivity (9.84%), soil poverty (8.43%), susceptibility to high soil moisture (8.02 %), pests (9.56%) and diseases (8.45%), and drought (6.38%) appeared to be the most important stress factors. In addition to synthetic pesticides, the eggplant farmers use botanical plant extracts such as extracts from Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) and Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae). Conclusion and implications: Benin eggplant production still remains traditional and limited to a few rural farmers. Finally, the current collected germplasm was proposed for further evaluation using morphological and molecular markers in order to provide breeders with traits of interest for developing better eggplant varieties that are suitable for local environmental conditions and production systems.
Fluorochloridone Induces Autophagy in TM4 Sertoli Cells:Involvement of ROS-mediated AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ni Zhijing , Sun Weiqi , Li Rui , Yang Mingjun , Zhang Fen , Chang Xiuli , Li Weihua , Zhou Zhijun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFluorochloridone (FLC), a selective pyrrolidone herbicide, had medium persistence in soil and groundwater, indicating that its environmental fate was highly correlated with mammals and human health. FLC has been recognized as a potential endocrine disruptor and reported to induce male reproductive toxicity, but the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. MethodsAdult C57BL/6 mice were raised to divided into one control group (0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), and four FLC-treated groups (3,15,75,375 mg/kg). The animals (ten mice per group) received gavage for a period of 28 days. After treatment, histological analysis, sperm parameters, the microstructure of autophagy and the expression of autophagy-associated proteins in testis were evaluated. Furthermore, to explore the autophagy mechanism, TM4 Sertoli cells were treated with FLC (0,40,80,160μM) in vitro for 24 h. Cell activity and cytoskeletal changes were measured by MTT assay and F-actin immunofluorescence staining. The formation of autophagosome, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and expression of AKT, mTOR were detected.ResultsIn vivo, it showed that FLC exposure caused testicular injuries, abnormality in epididymal sperm. Moreover, FLC increased the formation of autophagosomes, the accumulation of LC3, Beclin-1 and the expression of P62 protein, which is related to the degradation of autophagy. In vitro, the upregulation of TM4 cells autophagy was confirmed by FLC increased the formation of autophagosomes and upregulation of autophagy marker proteins (LC3, Beclin-1 and P62) levels. In addition, FLC induced ROS production and inhibited the activities of AKT and mTOR kinases. The Inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and the activation of autophagy induced by FLC could be efficiently reversed by pretreatment of ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine. SC79, AKT agonist, could restore the autophagy induced by FLC in TM4 cells. Intriguingly, FLC-induced autophagy could be inhibited through AKT agonists, which indicated that FLC-induced autophagy may be pro-death. ConclusionTaken together, our study provided the evidence that FLC promoted autophagy in TM4 Sertoli cells and that this process may involve ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
Integrated Primary Care and Social Services for Older Adults With Multimorbidity in England: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dambha-Miller Hajira , Simpson Glenn , Hobson Lucy , Roderick Paul , Little Paul , Everitt Hazel , Santer Miriam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: As the prevalence of older adults with multimorbidity increases, greater integration of services is necessary to manage the range of physical and social needs of the population. The aim of this study is to describe and summarise current evidence, clinical provision and progress towards integrated primary care and social services for older adults with multimorbidity in an English context. Methods: A scoping review was conducted which included a systematic electronic search of Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Science and Social Science Citation Indices and Opengrey from data inception until the 16th June 2020. Articles were screened and extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted onto a charting sheet and thematic synthesis used to summarise findings.Results: Our search yielded 7656 papers of which 84 papers were included. Three themes were identified: (1) diverse focus on individual level services rather than multi-level or multi-sector integration, with an increasing emphasis on the need to consider broader determinants of population health as critical to integrated care in multimorbidity; (2) time was needed for integration to embed to allow new structures and relationships to develop and mature; and (3) we identified inherent tension between top-down and bottom-up driven approaches to integrated care that requires a whole-systems structure while allowing for local flexibilities.Conclusions: There is limited evidence of multi-level and multi-sector integration of services for older adults with multimorbidity in an English context. The literature increasingly acknowledges wider determinants of population health that are likely to require integration beyond primary care and social services. Improving clinical care in one or two sectors may not be as effective as simultaneously improving the organisation or design across services as one single system of provision. This may take time to establish and will require local input.
Transcript Profiling Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Harvesting-activated Latex Regeneration in Virgin Rubber Trees
Authors: Fan Yujie , Xiao Xiaohu , Yang Jianghua , Qi Jiyan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Shengmin , Tao Jun , Tang Chaorong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material with wide applications, is harvested in the form of latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) from Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) by the way of tapping, i.e. removing a slice of trunk bark by a special knife. In regularly tapped rubber trees, latex regeneration consists of one of the main yield-limiting factors for rubber productivity. Conspicuous stimulation on latex production for the first few tappings makes virgin (untapped before) rubber trees an ideal model to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of latex regeneration. To understand the underlying mechanisms, genome-wide transcript profiling was conducted with a silver-staining cDNA-AFLP technology against the latex samples for the first five tappings.Results: A total of 505 non-redundant differentially expressed (DE) transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified, of which 217 were up-regulated, 180 down-regulated, and 108 bell type-regulated among the five tappings. About 72.5% of these DE-TDFs were functionally annotated, and classified into 11 functional categories, which were discussed with reference to harvesting-stimulated latex regeneration. The importance of sugar metabolism and rubber biosynthesis was highlighted, due to the fact that most of the DE-TDFs annotated in sucrose transport, sugar catabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose-phosphate pathway and nine of the ten rubber biosynthesis pathway DE-TDFs were up-regulated by the tapping treatment. More than one tenth of the total DE-TDFs were randomly selected for expression validation by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and 83.8% showed patterns consistent with their original cDNA-AFLP gel profiles. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed an 89.7% consistency for the 29 latex-regeneration related DE-TDFs examined.Conclusions: In brief, our results indicate the tapping treatment incurs extensive physiological and molecular changes in the laticifers of virgin rubber trees. The vast numbers of tapping-responsive DE-TDFs identified here provide a basis for unravelling the gene regulatory network for latex regeneration in regularly harvested rubber trees.
Analysis and Forecasting of Global RT-PCR Primers for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nayar Gowri , Seabolt Edward , Kunitomi Mark , Agarwal Akshay , Beck Kristen , Mukherjee Vandana , Kaufman James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rapid tests for active SARS-CoV-2 infections rely on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR uses reverse transcription of RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA (primer and probe) targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The technology makes rapid and specific identification of the virus possible based on sequence homology of nucleic acid sequence and is much faster than tissue culture or animal cell models. However the technique can lose sensitivity over time as the virus evolves and the target sequences diverge from the selective primer sequences. Different primer sequences have been adopted in different geographic regions. As we rely on these existing RT-PCR primers to track and manage the spread of the Coronavirus, it is imperative to understand how SARS-CoV-2 mutations, over time and geographically, diverge from existing primers used today. In this study, we analyze the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 primers in use today by measuring the number of mismatches between primer sequence and genome targets over time and spatially. We find that there is a growing number of mismatches, an increase by 2% per month, as well as a high specificity of virus based on geographic location.