bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF THE REUSE OF UNTREATED WATER FROM THE AVO’O RIVER (CAMEROON) CONTAMINATED BY FECAL SLUDGE FOR THE GROWTH OF SOLANUM NIGRUM L.
Authors: VN TSAMA , FM KOM , WV DJUYOM , N KONE , T FONKOU 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the growth parameters and sanitary quality of Solanum nigrum L. irrigated with polluted water from Avo’o river in Nomayos.
Methods: Faecal sludge, water from Avo’o River and Solanum nigrum L., were analysed with respect to microbiological and parasitological parameters. Four points (S0: Control site, located in Mbankomo at 3 km away from faecal sludge discharge area; S1: located at 810 m before the faecal sludge discharge area; S2: located at 100 m away from the faecal sludge discharge area; and S3: located at 350 m after the faecal sludge discharge area) were considered for sampling events. For faecal indicator (FC: Faecal coliforms and FS: Faecal Streptococci), the membrane filtration method was used. Helminthes eggs were determined using the method of Bailenger, modified by Rodier. The growth parameters of S. nigrum L., measured in different site mentioned above, were plant height, number, length and width of fresh leaves.
Results: High concentration of FC (6857 ± 5180) and FS (2500 ± 1876 CFU/100 ml), as well as helminths eggs (273 ± 186 eggs/L) were obtained in Avo’o water samples. The strong correlations (r=0.9) clearly show that the waters of the Avo’o stream influence the growth of S. nigrum L.
Conclusion: Despite the best growth of Solanum Nigrum L. irrigated with water from Avo’o River, high concentration of parasites was obtained on their leaves (43 eggs/100 g) highlight the necessity of a better management of faecal sludge in this city.
Increase in Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth T. , Stafford Jeanette M. , Saydah Sharon , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Lawrence Jean M. , Marcovina Santica , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Pihoker Catherine , Rewers Arleta , Dabelea Dana 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
We previously reported a high (˜30%) but stable prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at youth-onset diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (2002 and 2010). Given the changing demographics of youth-onset type 1 diabetes, we sought to evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes from 2010 to 2016 among youth &lt;20 years of age and evaluate whether any change observed was associated with changes in sociodemographic distribution of those recently diagnosed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We calculated prevalence of DKA within 1 month of type 1 diabetes diagnosis by year and evaluated trends over time (2010–2016) (n = 7,612 incident diabetes cases; mean [SD] age 10.1 [4.5] at diagnosis). To assess whether trends observed were attributable to the changing distribution of sociodemographic factors among youth with incident type 1 diabetes, we estimated an adjusted relative risk (RR) of DKA in relation to calendar year, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance status, language, season of diagnosis, and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study site.

RESULTS
DKA prevalence increased from 35.3% (95% CI 32.2, 38.4) in 2010 to 40.6% (95% CI 37.8, 43.4) in 2016 (Ptrend = 0.01). Adjustment for sociodemographic factors did not substantively change the observed trends. We observed a 2% annual increase in prevalence of DKA at or near diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (crude RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.04] and adjusted RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.04]; P = 0.01 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of DKA at or near type 1 diabetes diagnosis has increased from 2010 to 2016, following the high but stable prevalence observed from 2002 to 2010. This increase does not seem to be attributable to the changes in distribution of sociodemographic factors over time.
Characteristics of morphodynamic conditions in the shallows of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Szymczak Ewa , Rucińska Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Puck Bay is an unusual and thus interesting coastal water region, as it combines two different environments – a lagoon and the sea. They differ from each other in their seabed morphology, salinity, dynamics and water exchange. Their common elements are the extensive shallows and the vicinity of the Hel Peninsula. The shallows of Puck Bay have developed at various stages of its evolution, which began several thousand years ago and continues to this day. They have been shaped by varying morphogenetic factors resulting from changes in sea level and accompanying evolution phases of sand barriers, e.g. washover fans, as well as the intensity and directions of sediment transport. At present, the shallows cover more than 35% of the seabed area and are influenced by hydrodynamic factors and availability of sediments. The study area was divided into five fields, taking into account morphological and genetic criteria as well as recent hydrodynamic conditions. This study provides an updated map with classification and distribution of surface sediments and describes grain size parameters for sediment samples collected in the selected fields. Based on a comprehensive assessment of grain size parameters, lithodynamic equilibrium zones were determined and areas of sediment deposition and redeposition were identified.
Reprocessing potential of pegmatite tailings for rare metal extraction and brick fabrication, Uis, Namibia
Authors: Lohmeier S. , Lottermoser B.G. , Schirmer T. , Fuchsloch W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Historic tin mining and mineral processing of the Uis pegmatite deposit (Namibia) has resulted in a series of tailings impoundments. In this study, Uis tailings were characterised to establish their suitability for brick manufacturing and reprocessing potential for rare metals (Be, Li, Nb, Ta). Tailings occur on-site as two distinct types (a) fine- to medium-grained sand (d50 = 120 to 420 μm) in dune-like spoil dumps; and (b) fine- to medium-grained sand (Fraction A: d50 = 120 to 410 μm; ~25% of tailings type) and fine-grained silt (Fraction B: d50 = 18 to 83 μm; ~75% of tailings type) in four low-lying dried-out waste impoundment cells. The two tailings types have a similar and homogeneous mineralogical composition, comprising quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and mica as well as minor cassiterite, columbite-tantalite and petalite, reflecting the micaceous quartzo-feldspathic composition of the source rocks. The main clay mineral is illite with minor (ferroan) clinochlore, cookeite and kaolinite. Such a mineralogical composition allows contemporary brick fabrication due to illite as the main clay mineral, a large proportion of quartz as a stabilizer and only trace amounts of minerals that could have a detrimental effect (e.g. Fe oxides and pyrite). Consequently, the consistent particle size distribution and homogeneous mineralogical composition allow present-day production of high-quality fired bricks from tailings. To date, the use of Uis tailings for brick manufacturing supports the local economy, aids building development and removes silica-rich mine wastes prone to dust dispersion in a remote part of Namibia. In addition, geochemical analysis of the tailings reveals strongly elevated mean concentrations of rare metals (~2 760 mg/kg Li, ~140 mg/kg Be, ~41 mg/kg Ta, ~55 mg/kg Sn, ~74 mg/kg Nb). Resource estimates suggest the presence of ~25 200 t Li2O, ~1 600 t BeO and significant Nb-Ta-Sn in impoundment cell material and a total resource of ~365 000 t Li2O and ~27 900 t BeO in bulk tailings. Thus, Uis tailings also offer the opportunity for reprocessing and extraction of rare metals.
Религиозная ситуация в Республике Тыва (по результатам социологических исследований)
Authors: Дашковский Петр Константинович , Шершнева Елена Александровна , Бичелдей Ульяна Павловна , Монгуш Айлаана Витальевна 
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования религиозной ситуации в Республике Тыва 2019 г. Картина религиозной жизни Тувы продолжает усложняться за счет регистрации новых организаций, в первую очередь традиционных — буддийских и шаманских, православных. Отмечен спад роста протестантских организаций, однако, они могут функционировать и без регистрации. В целом, отмечается стабильная межконфессиональная обстановка. Такое спокойствие обуславливается преобладанием в регионе одной конфессии — буддизма и одного этноса — тувинцев.
Выборка исследования — 334 чел., репрезентативная. 70% респондентов считают, что человеку необходимо быть верующим. Более половины населения республики уделяет важное место религии в жизни человека. Преобладающей конфессией является буддизм, однако еще 16% придерживаются религиозного синкретизма (буддизм и шаманские традиции). Религиозные праздники 73% опрошенных отмечают дома, посещение культовых объектов осуществляется не часто. Большинство соблюдают религиозные обряды только по праздникам. Это оценивается населением прежде всего как следование традиции для сохранения национальной культуры.
Респонденты испытывают потребность в получении достоверной информации через СМИ. Особый интерес проявляет молодое поколение. Несмотря на то, что религиозный институт является неотъемлемой частью культуры народа, вмешательство религиозных лидеров в политическую жизнь рассматривается большей частью опрошенных жителей региона как негативное явление. По мнению жителей Тувы, религиозные общины должны максимально выполнять социальные функции.
Исследование демонстрирует декларативную религиозность населения Тувы, однако поскольку она включает в себя и потребность в сохранении национальной культуры, то она также выполняет важную социальную функцию — приводит к сдерживанию в том числе и межрелигиозных браков.
The influence of language learner’s Buddhist background on non-native written language processing
Authors: Даржинова Любовь Владимировна 
Published: June 2021

In today’s digitalized world, discovering approaches to enhance written language processing is crucial for successful non-native language acquisition. Whereas psycholinguistic literature suggests that background knowledge generally facilitates written language processing, hardly anything is known about whether religious affiliation as a part of language learner’s background affects non-native written language processing.
Consequently, the current paper addresses the gap by conducting a small-scale web-based self-paced reading study. It explores whether English language learners with Buddhist background process the Buddhist-related and religiously neutral texts similarly to those with the same proficiency level but with no religious affiliation. Thus, the experiment involved 20 Buddhist and non-religious learners of English from Russia’s regions of Kalmykia, Tuva, and Buryatia.
The results of the experiment suggest that the Buddhist background of English language learners contributes to faster processing and better recall of Buddhist-related texts in the target language. The paper argues for the need to supply written materials related to religion in a target language with notes and glossaries in order to hasten processing and improve recall in non-religious language learners.
Karakteristik Sensori, Kimia dan Fisik Pempek dari Ikan Tenggiri dan Ikan Kiter pada Berbagai Formulasi
Authors: Ghanim Fadhallah Esa , Nurainy Fibra , Suroso Erdi 
Published: June 2021

Pempek is one of traditional snack food from Palembang which made from fish and very popular in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of barred mackerel fish and pickhandle barracuda fish meat on sensory, chemical and physical properties and to determine the best economic formulation of pempek. This study used the Completely Randomized Design with six level treatments of combination of barred mackerel fish and pickhandle barracuda fish, respectively, 200 g-0 g (P1), 160 g-40 g (P2), 120 g-80 g (P3), 80 g-120 g (P4), 40 g-160 g (P5), and 0 g-200 g (P6). The characteristics of pempek was observed on the sensory (color, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptance), chemical (moisture and protein content), and physical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness). The result showed that the treatment only has a significant effect on color parameter of sensory properties. The higher amount use of pickhandle barracuda fish significantly reduced the panelist preference on color. The best formulation chosen was the combination of 40 g barred mackerel fish and 160 g pickhandle barracuda with the economic total raw material cost Rp 12.750. This formulation is recommended to produce pempek with best quality and economic cost.

Keywords: economic, formulation, pempek, sensory properties
Monoclonal antibodies used for management of hematological disorders
Authors: Ghosh Kanjaksha , Ghosh Kinjalka 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are increasingly becoming part of therapeutic armamentarium for hematologists and hemato-oncologists. There is paucity of review on majority of these antibodies in one place. The objective of this review is an attempt to fill the gap in paucity of review on majority of these monoclonal antibodies (MAs) in one place.

Material and Methods:
‘Pubmed’ and ‘Scopus’ database was explored focusing on monoclonal antibodies (MAs) in clinical hematological practice. Emphasis was given to the more recently published review articles on different monoclonal antibodies (MAs).

Results:
In the present review, a total of 23 different monoclonal antibodies (MAs) were discussed; some are very frequently used and some rarely. Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are used for treatment of diverse hematological conditions, i.e. malignant and benign disorders and at various phases of stem cell transplantation. These antibodies were used either alone or in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents, targeted small molecules or as immunoconjugates. Some of the side effect profiles of these antibodies were common and some were unique to the particular monoclonal antibody (MA). Unusual infections or organ dysfunctions were noted. Improved function of antibodies by protein engineering is also advancing rapidly. Dosage, frequency and route of administration depended on the convenience and condition for which the antibody is used.

Conclusion:
Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are going to stay for hematological practice. Some amount of familiarity with their usage, advantages, disadvantages and side effects are essential in clinical practice.
Audit of clinical use of blood products in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chandrasekar Megala , Balakrishnan Vignesh , Ponnaiyan Arivukarasu , Ramachandran Thamilselvi 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Blood and its components are an important part of patient management treatment protocols and like drugs have property to cause adverse reactions in the recipients. To maximize the effectiveness, safety and utility clinicians and intravenous therapists should be knowledgeable about the potential risk of blood component therapy. Hence, regular audit of blood and its component usage is essential to access the blood utilization pattern and set ideal policies in all the blood using specialties.

Material and Methods:
This is a prospective Study conducted in department of Transfusion Medicine at Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospital for a period of one year. Source of data was blood bank requisition forms and blood bank registers of patients who underwent elective or emergency procedures in the hospital, for which blood was ordered.

Results:
The mean age of the study subjects was 41.8 years. The male : female ratio was 1.6 : 1. Majority of the study subjects were in the surgery department followed by Ortho and OBG. Majority of the study subjects belong to B+ve blood group followed by O+ve group and only 20% of the subjects belong to negative blood group. 70% of the subjects required blood transfusion for some kind of surgical intervention and only 28% had required blood transfusion related to medical causes. Majority required four units of PRC transfusion. Majority of the subjects had the haemoglobin levels in the range of 6–7 and the mean level was 6.56 gms%. Majority of the packed red cell was stored for 2 weeks or 5 weeks and the mean duration of storage was 4.3 weeks. A statistical significant improvement was observed in the mean haemoglobin levels in the post-transfusion period compared to the pre-transfusion haemoglobin. Only 5% of the times the reaction related to fever or anaphylaxis had occurred among the entire study subjects. 50% had completed the entire blood transfusion in less than 4 hrs and the mean duration was 4.3 hrs. 65.9% of the patients had appropriate blood transfusion based on the guideline and the remaining 34% had inappropriate blood transfusion. It is inferred from the table that the CTR, transfusion probability and the transfusion index was found to be above the guideline value to be considered as effective blood utilisation.

Conclusion:
Regular audit of blood components is crucial so that appropriate measures can be taken for proper usage. Continuous medical education regarding the transfusion services for the clinicians and staff nurses have major role in improvement for the clinical transfusion practices in the hospitals.
Myeloid sarcoma: experience from a hematology care centre of Eastern India
Authors: Baveja Avriti , Mandal Prakas Kumar , Garg Malini , Shekhawat Prakash Singh , Mitra Sumit , Chattopadhyay Arnab , Bhattacharya Subham , Baul Shuvra Neel , De Rajib , Dolai Tuphan Kanti 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
To describe the case series of patients with myeloid sarcoma with their clinicopathological characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular markers, prognosis, and outcome.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective retrieval of data of myeloid sarcoma cases in acute myeloid leukemia was done from the electronic health records of our hospital and this case series includes the data of three years starting from January 2018 and the follow-up information was assimilated until December 2020.

Results:
We present twelve patients in this case series with myeloid sarcoma and all these patients had bone marrow involvement at presentation. Most of the cases were less than 20 years of age and orbit (66.7%) was the commonest site of presentation in this series. Aberrant CD 19 expression on immunophenotyping was a common associate (66.9%) and t(8;21) was the commonest cytogenetic abnormality reported in our case series. Despite of high dose intensive therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine followed by high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, patients had a median relapse-free survival and median overall survival of 160 days and 299.5 days respectively. Local radiotherapy for consolidation in two of our patients had no additional benefit.

Conclusion:
Myeloid sarcoma is extramedullary collection of myeloid blasts with or without bone marrow involvement. They were commonly seen in young patients and t(8;21) being a common cytogenetic abnormality associated with it. The treatment outcome of patients with myeloid sarcoma seems dismal and systemic therapy remains the modality of choice.
Severe hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting: The problem overcome with a transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker
Authors: Fujii Masako , Satow Takeshi , Kodama Hiroshi , Horiguchi Satoshi 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Carotid angioplasty stenting (CAS) may have adverse events including perioperative hemodynamic depression. A transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker (TTCP) is an option for preventing devastating sequelae due to circulatory failure. An exploration of the predictors of hemodynamic depression following CAS is valuable for selecting candidates for preoperative TTCP implantation before CAS.

Case Description:
An 84-year-old man underwent CAS for asymptomatic left carotid severe stenosis. He had no history of bradycardia arrhythmia. A TTCP was implanted in advance in view of the likelihood of perioperative hemodynamic depression. CAS was accomplished successfully, but severe hypotension and vanishing of self-heartbeat occurred about 90 min after the procedure. By activating the pre-implanted TTCP, spontaneous circulation was readily recovered with vasopressor administration. He was discharged with no additional neurological deficits. A literature review using a random effect model found that smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.52) and severely calcified plaque (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.15–6.35) were significant predictors of perioperative hemodynamic depression following CAS.

Conclusion:
TTCP can be recommended for a patient receiving CAS to prevent catastrophic consequences, particularly in cases with a history of smoking or severely calcified plaque.
Cerebral cavernous malformation in a child leading to a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage – “silent but sinister:” A case report and literature review
Authors: Fernando Pasindu M. , Munasinghe B. M. , Jayamanne M. D. C. J. P. , Jayasundara K. A. , Arambepola W. S. N. W. B. M. A. G. , Pranavan Selliah , Ranathunge N. D. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), otherwise known as cavernous hemangiomas/ cavernomas, are a type of vascular malformation. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation, histologically characterized by ectatic, fibrous, blood filled “caverns” with thin-walled vasculature without intervening normal brain parenchyma.

Case Description:
Herein, we present a case of an original, spontaneous hemorrhage from a sporadic form of CCM without associated gross developmental venous anomaly in an 11-year-old child, which is an extremely rare occurrence, with the special emphasis on the demographic data of the affected population, risk factors associated with hemorrhage, and correlation of histopathological and radiological findings with an in-depth literature review.

Conclusion:
The significant majority of the CCM are clinically occult. Hence, the development of risk assessment tools and guidelines for timely neurosurgical intervention poses a greater clinical challenge for medical experts rendering the management of the affected individuals with CCM in an anecdotal situation. Presentation of life-threatening rebleeds and neurological deficits in the diagnosed population albeit uncommon is possibly preventable outcomes.