bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Mannosylerythritol Lipid-B Components In Antimicrobial Activity Against Bovine Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Yamauchi Shinya , Furukawa Mutsumi , Kawahara Akio , Sugahara Tomohiro , Yamamoto Shuhei , Kitabayashi Masao , Sogabe Atsushi , Hata Eiji , Watanabe Kouichi , Yoneyama Hiroshi , Aso Hisashi , Nochi Tomonori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipid-B (MEL-B), which comprises ester-bonded hydrophilic ME and hydrophobic fatty acids, is a bio-surfactant with various unique properties, including antimicrobial activity against most gram-positive bacteria. The gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus is a causative pathogen of dairy cattle mastitis, which results in considerable economic loss in dairy industry. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of MEL-B as a disinfectant against bovine-derived S. aureus and elucidate a mechanism of action of MEL-B in inhibition of bacterial growth. The growth of bovine mastitis causative S. aureus BM1006 was inhibited when cultured with MEL-B above 10 ppm (equivalent to 0.015 mM). The activity of MEL-B required fatty acids (i.e., caprylic and myristoleic acids) as ME, the component of MEL-B lacking fatty acids, did not inhibit the growth of S. aureus even at high concentrations. Importantly, ME-bound fatty acids effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus when compared with free fatty acids. Specifically, the concentrations of ME-bound fatty acids and free caprylic and myristoleic acids required to inhibit the growth of S. aureus were 0.015, 10, and 1 mM, respectively. The involvement of ME in the antimicrobial activity of MEL-B was confirmed by digestion of MEL-B with lipase, which dissociated ME and fatty acids. These results indicated that a mechanism of action of MEL-B in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus could be explained by the effective transporting of antimicrobial fatty acids to the bacterial surface via hydrophilic ME.
Impact of Ventilatory Disorders on Respiratory Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Post-Tuberculosis Subjects: A National Database Study in Korea
Authors: Yang Bumhee , Choi Hayoung , Shin Sun Hye , Kim Youlim , Moon Ji-Yong , Park Hye Yun , Lee Hyun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) survivors experience post-TB lung damage and ventilatory function disorders. However, the proportions of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory disorders as well as normal ventilation among post-TB subjects are unknown. In addition, the impacts of ventilatory disorder and its severity on respiratory symptoms, physical activity limitations, and the quality of life in post-TB subjects remain unclear.MethodsSubjects who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2007–2016 were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the impact of each ventilatory disorder and its severity on respiratory symptoms, physical activity limitations, and quality of life (measured by the EuroQoL five dimensions questionnaire [EQ-5D] index values) in post-TB subjects.Results Among 1,466 post-TB subjects, 29% and 16% had obstructive ventilatory disorders and restrictive ventilatory disorders, respectively. Mild and moderate obstructive ventilatory disorders were not associated with respiratory symptoms, physical activity limitation, or EQ-5D index value compared with normal ventilation; however, severe obstructive ventilatory disorders were associated with more respiratory symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.80–12.10), more physical activity limitation (aOR = 92.20, 95% CI = 16.33–520.62), and decreased EQ-5D index (adjusted coefficient = -0.055, 95% CI = -0.096 – -0.013) compared with normal ventilation. Mild restrictive ventilatory disorders were associated with more respiratory symptoms (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.07–3.56) compared with normal ventilation, while moderate (aOR = 9.17, 95% CI = 1.02–82.22) and severe restrictive symptoms (aOR = 9.17, 95% CI = 1.02–82.22) were associated with physical activity limitation compared with normal ventilation.ConclusionAmong post-TB subjects, 29% and 16% developed obstructive and restrictive ventilatory disorders, respectively. Severe obstructive ventilatory disorder was associated with more respiratory symptoms, more physical activity limitation, and poorer quality of life, while severe restrictive ventilatory disorder was associated with more physical activity limitations.
A First Comparison of Microplastics Abundance between Two Whale Shark Feeding Areas of the Gulf of California, Mexico.
Authors: Cardelli Lara Roberta , Pancaldi Francesca , Magaña Felipe Galván , Whitehead Darren Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Abundance and typology of microplastics (MPs) were measured in 12 water samples collected from two whale sharks feeding areas of the Gulf of California (Bahía de los Angeles (BLA) and Bahia de La Paz (LAP)). The concentration of MPs was 0.47 MPs/ m3 in BLA and 0.63 MPs/ m3 in LAP. Overall, films were the most abundant type of MPs (41%; n = 74) followed by line (37%; n = 68), fragments (20%; n = 36) and pellet (2%; n = 3), with significative differences between the types of microplastics. Theoretical ingestion rate per hour of MPs for the species was determined to be 288.58 and 386.82 in BLA and LAP, respectively. In faecal samples collected directly from animals of LAP (n = 3), 67% of the MPs were films, 25% were fragments, and 8% were lines. Results from this study indicate that MPs are common in the feeding areas of this endangered species and that whale sharks are likely ingesting MPs from filtering the surface water.
Influenza virus infection history drives and shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination
Authors: Fox Annette , Auladell Maria , Phuong Hoang , Le Mai Quynh , Tseng Yeu-Yang , Carolan Louise , Wilks Sam , Thai Pham , Price David , Duong Nguyen , Hang Nguyen Le Khanh , Thanh Le , Thuong Nguyen , Huong Tran , Nguyen Diep , Bich Vu , Khvorov Arseniy , Hensen Luca , Duong Tran , Kedzierska Katherine , Anh Dang , Boyd Scott , Good-Jacobson Kim , Smith Derek , Barr Ian , Sullivan Sheena , Doorn H. Rogier van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The controversial hypothesis that recalled immunological memory limits responses to variant virus strains has been revived by recent reports linking poor vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) influenza viruses with prior vaccination. The impact of memory induced by prior infection is rarely considered, and is difficult to ascertain because infections are often sub-clinical. This study investigates influenza vaccine immunogenicity among participants who had been monitored for 9 years for clinical influenza infection or seroconversion. Methods In 2007, 269 households from Ha Nam, Viet Nam commenced ongoing monitoring for influenza infection. In 2016, 72 adult participants with documented prior A(H3N2) infection and 28 without infection received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine for the first time. Serological responses were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay against 40 A(H3N2) viruses spanning 1968-2018. Effects of prior infection were determined by comparing geometric mean titres and titre rises. Generalized additive and lowess models were used to fit, and compare, titre landscapes across strains. Findings Participants with documented prior A(H3N2) virus infection had higher pre-vaccine titres against strains circulating since 2004 compared to those without prior infection. Moreover, they had higher titre rises on days 7, 14, 21 and 280 post-vaccination against vaccine and subsequently circulating strains. Accordingly, 1/72 versus 4/28 of vaccinees with and without documented prior infection experienced illness due to A(H3N2) in the season after vaccination (p = 0.021). The range of A(H3N2) virus clades recognized by vaccine-induced antibodies was associated with the clade that last caused infection, indicating that recalled immunity drove antibody production against shared epitopes. Interpretation These results suggest that immunological memory from prior infection drives and shapes antibody production induced by inactivated influenza vaccine, and underpins the capacity for vaccine to induce sufficient antibody for protection.
Lack of Effects On Bumblebee (Bombus Terrestris) Colony Development And Drone And Queen Production Due To The Insecticide Chlorantraniliprole
Authors: Dinter Axel , Klein Olaf , Franke Lea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential impact of the insecticide chlorantraniliprole on queen-right bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) colonies under semi-field conditions in Phacelia tanacetifolia. The P. tanacetifolia crop was grown in soil treated with modelled worst-case 20-year plateau concentration of chlorantraniliprole in the top 20 cm of soil (equivalent to 0.088 mg a.s./kg). Additionally, two chlorantraniliprole spray applications at 60 g a.s./ha were made. In treatment T1 both spray applications took place before P. tanacetifolia flowering at growth stages BBCH 51–55 and BBCH 55–59. In T2 one spray application was conducted before P. tanacetifolia flowering at BBCH 55–59 and one application during P. tanacetifolia flowering and during daily bee flight at BBCH 61–62. The application in the control (C) and reference item treatment (R) (400 g dimethoate a.s./ha) was carried out during full P. tanacetifolia flowering and bumblebee flight. The bumblebee colonies were exposed to the treated flowering P. tanacetifolia crop for 20 days in the tunnels and afterwards the colonies were kept on a monitoring site. Results of this study indicate no significant differences between the chlorantraniliprole groups T1 and T2 and the control regarding all parameters assessed (i.e. adult and larval mortality, flight activity at the hive entrance, colony weight development, condition of the colonies and production of young queens and males). Overall, no effects of chlorantraniliprole on B. terrestris colonies including queen/male production, adult and larval survival, colony development and forager flight activity were found in this worst-case exposure set-up.
Energy Consumption, Economic Growth And Environmental Sustainability Challenges For Belt And Road Countries: A Fresh Insight From “Chinese Going Global Strategy”
Authors: Jalil Abdul , Rauf Abdul , Sikander Waqas , Yonghong Zhang , Tiebang Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated impact of energy and economy related variables on CO2 emissions in 49 countries of belt and road initiative from 1995–2018. The robust type of cross-section dependence and heterogeneity methods were adopted to analyze data set of countries. Energy consumption, foreign direct investment, medium and high-tech industry, and GDP has been found highly unfavorable for the ecological health (CO2 emissions) in 49 nations on BRI panel. However, renewable energy consumption has been found in positive correlation with environmental quality (CO2). Financial development indicator has no significant impact on CO2 emissions in present study. The present outcomes clearly claim strong relationship of economic growth and energy with increased CO2 emissions in 49 nations. Therefore, it is important for policy makers, experts and governments to incentivize and appreciate portfolio investors for sustainable green investments to transform the economic growth into a sustainable and energy efficient development.
Overwintering, Cold Tolerance and Supercooling Capacity Comparison Between Liriomyza Sativae and L. Trifolii, Two Successively Invaded Leafminers in China
Authors: Zhang Qikai , Wu Shengyong , Wang Haihong , Xing Zhonglong , Lei Zhongren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) are two highly polyphagous pests that successively invaded China in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively, threatening vegetable and horticultural plants. Competitive displacement of L. sativae by L. trifolii occurred during the expansion process of the latter in southern China. However, whether L. trifolii can expand their range to northern China and, if so, how they compete with L. sativae in northern China remains unclear. Overwintering and cold tolerance capacity largely determine the species distribution range and can affect species displacement through overwintering and phenology. In this study, we compared the overwintering potential, cold tolerance and supercooling point (SCP) between these two leafminer species. Our results showed that L. trifolii can overwinter at higher altitudes than L. sativae. In addition, we found that they can both successfully overwinter in greenhouses in northern China, and the overwintering capacity of L. trifolii was higher than that of L. sativae. Moreover, the extreme low-temperature survival of L. trifolii was significantly higher than that of L. sativae, and the SCP of the former was lower than that of the latter. We thus conclude that the overwintering and cold tolerance capacity of L. trifolii is much better than that of L. sativae. Our findings indicate that L. trifolii has the potential to displace L. sativae and expand its range to northern China. Moreover, our results have important implications for predicting overwinter ranges and developing management strategies for invasive leafminers in China.
Abstracts Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials in Ten Highest-ranking Nursing Journals: Improvement in the Quality Since CONSORT Extension for Abstracts
Authors: Zhang Juxia , RN Wenjing Shan , Ying Yuhuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yiyin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: When evaluating randomized controlled trials(RCTs), nurses usually refer to the abstracts to make an initial assessment of the results and to determine whether a full-text review is required. Aims: To determine whether the publication of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for abstracts resulted in an improvement in the abstracts report of nursing RCTs. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. Web of Science was searched. 200 RCTs were randomly selected from ten high-impact nursing journals. CONSORT-A checklist was used to assess abstracts. Total score on checklists, comparison on total scores between two periods, and effect factors were analyzed. Results: Mean overall adherence across all abstracts was 8.85±2.18 which significantly improved with the time span. The most poorly reported items were ‘harms’, ‘outcomes in method’, and ‘method of blinding’ which appeared in 0, 8.5% and 16.5% of abstracts, respectively. Recent year of publication(P=0.014), Journal impact factor (P=0.000), multiple center trial (P=0.000), and structured abstract (P=0.008) were associated significantly with a high reporting quality. Conclusions: Although not defined all of abstracts in nursing area, our sample reflect the general trend that there was limited adherence to the CONSORT-A among abstracts in nursing literature. It is necessary to promote and actively apply the CONSORT-A guideline.
The Proteomics Analysis of the Effects of Zhishi Rhubarb Soup on Ischemic Stroke
Authors: ZHANG JING HUA , SHAO YUE JIA , HUI ZHEN , WANG SULEI , HUANG CHI , ZHAO YANG 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Stroke has always been a big threat around the world, but most severe in China with 2.5 million new stroke cases each year and 7.5 million stroke survivors, which also has laid a heavy burden on social and national healthcare system. The Zhishi Rhubarb Soup (ZRS) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been used clinically for many years in China. In order to explore the potential mechanism of ZRS as the pathogen of stroke. In this study, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to uncover the mechanism underlying the effects of ZRS on stroke.Methods: In this study, the quantitative proteomics method LC-MS was used to analyze the proteomic differences of middle cerebral artery occlusion MCAO between normal and after ZSR treatment. Results: Further liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis could observe a total of 3,5006 peptide were identified, 5160.0 proteins identified, of which 4094.0 can be quantified. Differentially expressed proteins with significance were extracted by data analysis and subject to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed the overviews of dysregulated proteins in the biological process (BP), cell component (CC), and molecular function (MF) categories. Proteins related to brain repair was found to change significantly, including BDNF, IL-10, IL-6, TGF-β，partly demonstrating the effects of ZRS on improving the tissue injury.Conclusion: ZRS was found to contribute to brain repair caused by ZRS treatment, and this could be partly mediated through the anti-inflammation effect by upregulating the vitamin transport. The results confirmed that ZRS presented a unique protein profile that indicated the adaptive mechanisms in acute stroke.
Weight-Bearing Knee Flexion Angle Better Correlates with Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Than Non-Weight-Bearing Condition in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Three-Dimensional Analysis Study
Authors: Kage Tomofumi , Inui Hiroshi , Tomita Tetsuya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Sameshima Shin , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to elucidate and compare the relationship between the knee flexion angle and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) in both non-weight-bearing (NWB) and weight-bearing (WB) conditions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 61 knees (47 patients) who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The knee flexion angle was measured by three conditions: NWB in manual goniometer, NWB in fluoroscopic three-dimensional (3D) analysis and WB in the fluoroscopic 3D analysis. The PROM was evaluated by postoperative 2011 Knee Society Score (2011 KSS) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Correlations between the knee flexion angle and PROM was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Additionally, whether the angular difference between NWB and WB correlated with the PROM or not was evaluated. Results: The NWB knee flexion angle in a goniometer, NWB in 3D analysis, and WB in 3D analysis were 124.6° ± 8.4°, 118.0° ± 10.5°, and 109.5° ± 13.3°, respectively. The angular difference was 8.5° ± 12.8°. No PROM correlation existed in NWB using a goniometer. Moreover, significant positive correlations in 2011 KSS symptoms (r = 0.35) and 2011 KSS functional activities (r = 0.27) were noted in NWB using 3D analysis. Significant positive correlations existed in 2011 KSS symptoms (r = 0.32), 2011 KSS functional activities (r = 0.57), KOOS pain (r = 0.37), KOOS activity of daily living (ADL; r = 0.45), KOOS sports (r = 0.42), and KOOS quality of life (r = 0.36) in WB using 3D analysis. Significant negative correlations were noted in 2011 KSS functional activities (r = −0.45), KOOS ADL (r = −0.30), and KOOS sports (r = −0.38) in angular difference. Conclusions: The WB knee flexion angle better correlated with PROM compared with NWB by evaluation of 3D analysis. The larger the angular difference existed between NWB and WB, the lower the PROM score.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer and Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Xiu , Xie Yibin , Ou Kai , Zhang Xuan , Lu Chelong , Liu Jun , Yang Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Advancedcolorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenging disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgery with chemotherapy, yet most cases still has worse outcomes. Molecular variations were considered to be related to the clinical response. Moreover, emerging data suggest that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and reflect treatment efficacyacross diverse cancer types. However, most reported ctDNA measurements are based on monitoring a few hotspot mutations and their predictive value in advanced CRCs are still undetermined. Here, we carried out WES sequencing to explore the genomic landscape in CRC patients and developedctDNA fingerprints panelswhich are based on the top somatic mutated genes of each individual to evaluate the early changes of ctDNA fingerprints in chemo-treated advanced CRC patients as a marker of clinical benefits.Methods: We enrolled 122 patients with CRC and analyzed their genetic profilinginclude somatic alterations and copy number variations. Meanwhile, we monitored their ctDNA fingerprints changes along the course of treatment by serial sampling of peripheral blood. Seventy-one of the patients were treated with standard chemotherapy, and theirctDNAfingerprints variations were used to assess the prognosis. We analyzed the correlation between ctDNA fingerprints levels and overall survival (OS) of the patients.Results: Among the 122 enrolled patients,theTP53 (70%), APC (59%) and KRAS (38%) are most frequently mutationsin CRC patients. The AHNAK mutation and HOXB-AS1 amplification are associated with survival times.We monitored the baseline ctDNAvalue and found thatthe ctDNA-high group has a shorter OS than that of the ctDNA-low group (HR, 2.89; CI 95% 1.45-5.79; p = 0.0027). The conclusion stands when only 48of the 122 patients, who had advanced CRC (stage IV) received chemotherapy (HR, 1.60; CI 95% 0.61-4.17; p = 0.037). Moreover, change of ctDNA fingerprints were associated with survival timesduring the course of chemotherapy, a decreased group has a favorable clinical benefit. We compared the performance of ctDNA fingerprints in predicting clinical outcomes with that of imaging-based diagnosis in 34 advanced CRC patients, andfound that 52.9% (18/34) of the patients had consistent outcomes between ctDNA fingerprints and imaging diagnosis.Conclusions: This study analysis the genetic characteristics of CRC patients and explore molecular markers related to the prognosis. It is also confirming the association between baseline levels of ctDNA fingerprints and survival times in CRCs. More importantly, it suggests early change of ctDNA fingerprints level in plasma is a promising biomarker of chemotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis in advanced CRCs.
Comparing The Efficacy of Anti-Infectious Drugs For The Treatment of Mild To Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Protocol For A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Authors: Debela Dejene Tolossa , Heraro Kidist Digamo , Fekadu Abebaw , Belina Merga , Manyazewal Tsegahun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a viral infection spreading at a great speed and has quickly caused an extensive burden to individuals, families, countries, and the world. No intervention has yet been proven highly effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Different drugs were being evaluated and reported through randomized clinical trials, and more are currently under trial. This review aimed to compare the efficacy of anti-infectious drugs with a comparator of the standard of care or placebo in patients with COVID-19.Methods: Two independent review authors will extract data and assess a risk of bias using RoB2. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) that evaluate single and/or combined antiviral drugs recommended by WHO latest guideline for the treatment of COVID-19 will be included. We will search for Pub Med, the Cochrane Center for Clinical Trial database (CENTRAL), clinicaltrials.gov, etc. databases for articles published in the English language between December 2019 to April 2021. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) involving Network Meta-analysis guidelines to design and report of the results. The primary endpoints will be time to clinical recovery and time to RNA negativity. The certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE extension of NMA. Data analysis will be performed using the frequentist NMA approach with the netmeta package implemented in R.Discussion: This review will reveal the best antiviral drug treatment for covid-19 and show the hierarchy of those drugs.Systematic review registration: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO with ID number CRD42021230919