bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’Institut national de la propriété industrielle face à de nouveaux défis
Authors: Guinard Sylvie , Faure Pascal 
Published: February 2021

Dans un environnement portant la propriété industrielle à un niveau stratégique jamais atteint, tant pour les entreprises que pour les États, l’Institut national de la propriété industrielle entend apporter sa contribution aux efforts de notre pays en faveur des innovateurs. L’INPI a vocation à fournir les instruments utiles pour protéger et valoriser cette innovation, et à accompagner les entrepreneurs au moment même où ils créent de la richesse. C’est pourquoi l’Institut s’est doté en 2018 d’une vision stratégique à l’horizon 2025 avec pour motto : « La propriété industrielle pour dynamiser notre économie », dans un rayon d’action national et international.
Le brevet unitaire : enfin un « guichet unique » pour les innovateurs dans l’Union européenne
Authors: Verhoeven Amaryllis , Dambois Denis 
Published: February 2021

L’Union européenne améliore et unifie depuis plusieurs décennies ses systèmes de propriété intellectuelle (PI), à la fois par l’harmonisation des législations nationales et la création de droits unitaires. En matière de brevets, le système du brevet européen présente des avantages indiscutables par rapport aux procédure nationales, mais souffre d’une résolution purement nationale des litiges. Cet inconvénient sera prochainement résolu par le futur système du brevet unitaire et plus précisément par l’instauration de la juridiction unifiée du brevet (« JUB »), qui constituera d’ailleurs la force principale du nouveau système une fois qu’il sera entré en vigueur. Deux événements imprévus ont malencontreusement perturbé sa mise en place : d’une part, le Brexit, qui empêchera la participation du Royaume-Uni à ce système et, d’autre part, le recours constitutionnel formé à l’encontre de la ratification par l’Allemagne de l’Accord relatif à la JUB et qui a donc retardé celle-ci. Il est cependant permis d’espérer que le système du brevet unitaire soit concrètement lancé dans un avenir proche, peut-être même dès 2021.
Économies illégales, expansion criminelle et violence, la réalité post-FARC en Colombie
Authors: Moreno Christian 
Published: February 2021

Après la dissolution en 2017 de la guérilla «Forces Armées Révolutionnaires de Colombie» (FARC), la Colombie voit croître la production de cocaïne et l’économie illégale, et s’intensifier la violence de groupes armés illégaux contre la population, provoquant une grave crise humanitaire. Le contrôle qu’exerçait naguère la guérilla ayant disparu, un vide a fait promptement réagir les criminels - du moins, plus promptement que le gouvernement. Des cartels mexicains profitent de la situation : investissement et emploi, leurs émissaires recrutent des groupes armés colombiens pour que la drogue demeure disponible ; et que la chaîne logistique des stupéfiants reste fluide et sûre. Ces cartels ayant largement financé l’amélioration des processus de production de la coca, ces cultures et processus ont progressé en Colombie : en 2017, un pic historique d’hectares cultivés en coca y a ainsi été atteint et depuis, cette dynamique persiste. L’État colombien, dont le mode de lutte contre le crime n’est pas clair, n’a pas réagi vite et fort pour assurer la sécurité, la souveraineté et l’État de droit dans les territoires de l’ex-guérilla. Certes, d’énormes sommes sont dépensées pour équiper et renforcer l’efficacité des forces militaires et policières combattant les groupes criminels armés illégaux. Mais, plus ou moins ouvertement, des forces politiques et économiques souhaitent la persistance d’ennemis et menaces à combattre. Ainsi, la stratégie de l’État semble viser à endiguer, à contrôler le crime organisé dans des limites acceptables, sans chercher à l’éliminer.
Enhanced conceptual understanding, 21st century skills and learning attitudes through an open inquiry learning model in Physics
Authors: Abaniel Arra 
Published: February 2021

The study is grounded in the fact that in Southeast Asia, there are few studies on the effects of authentic, inquiry-based learning, or instruction in the field of Science education. This study investigated the effects of the open inquiry learning model in Physics on the concept and 21st century skill attainment, and learning attitudes of grade 12 students of a state university in the Philippines. The study involved a pre-test-posttest experimental design using quantitative approaches. Normalized Hake gain was used to determine the effectiveness of the open inquiry learning model in enhancing the concept attainment of students. Non-parametric test, particularly, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, determined the significant difference between the pre and post-test scores. Net shift in pre-test and post-test scores in Colorado Learning Attitude about Science Survey (CLASS) identified a shift in the learning attitudes of students. The difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of students was found to be significant (Z=-3.927, p=0.000<0.05; Z=-3.387, p=0.001<0.05). Students achieved high Hake gain (0.82). There was also a positive shift in the learning attitudes of students. Thus, the open inquiry learning model is effective in improving the conceptual understanding, 21st century skills, and learning attitudes of students. Because of its positive effects on students’ holistic learning, further promotion of this learning pedagogy is needed, especially in the Philippines setting. A series of professional development programs anchored on this learning pedagogy may be launched to train teachers and pre-service teachers.
Enhance learning experience using technology in class
Authors: Al-Labadi Luai , Sant Saurabh 
Published: February 2021

Majority of the students now have access to portable devices that can provide countless information at their fingertips through various resources such as learning games and interactive applications. These resources allow immediate communication and interaction between students and instructors. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of using these resources in lectures on students’ academic performance and their level of understanding of the lecture topic. A survey was carried out for students, who have taken statistics courses at the University of Toronto, to analyze various factors of using technology in class. The results of the survey showed that a significant portion of students gained a deeper level of understanding using technology in class, thus allowing us to take advantage of technology in class to create a more immersive learning environment for students than traditional methods.
Leadership and Management Perspectives from Athletic Health Care Executives
Authors: Eberman Lindsey E. , Edler Nye Jessica R. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Games Kenneth E. 
Published: February 2021

Context
In today's health care environment, the need to engage personnel in quality improvement to demonstrate value to patient care is vital. Health care executives are responsible for leading within their organizations, and athletic trainers (ATs), similar to other health care executives, have typically risen to positions of authority without leadership training.

Objective
To explore the lived experiences of ATs as health care executives, specific to their path to leadership and their role in leading continuous quality improvement.

Design
Consensual qualitative research.

Setting
Web-based phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 20 participants (age = 41 ± 10 years; experience = 18 ± 10 years) indicated they held a position of authority, had personnel management responsibilities, and had influence over organizational change within their health care systems; however, after completing the interviews, we determined that only 17 participants met the inclusion criteria.

Data Collection and Analysis
The primary investigator completed interviews. We analyzed the data with a 3-person data-analysis team and an internal auditor. Trustworthiness was established through member-checking and multiple-researcher triangulation.

Results
Participants described various forms of preparation including mentors and both self-directed and required resources that assisted in preparing for their management and leadership roles. Participants described how they influenced personnel, including identifying individualized motivators, establishing goals, and building relationships. Participants explained the culture they hoped to establish, characterized by a growth mindset, transparency, and both self-reflective and systems-level improvement practices. Many of the participants depicted characteristics of strong leaders through an individual growth mindset, embodiment of the behaviors they wanted to see in their personnel, and transformational leadership strategies.

Conclusions
Athletic health care executive have the responsibility to lead and transform their organizations. However, few in these positions have had formal training to prepare them for the role. ATs seeking health care executive positions should seek formal training to acquire the skills necessary to create organizational change and serve as transformational leaders.
Comparison of aerosol box intubation with C-MAC video laryngoscope and direct laryngoscopy—A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Puthenveettil Nitu , Rahman Sajan , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Suresh Sneha , Kadapamannil Dilesh , Paul Jerry 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease and healthcare workers are at constant risk for contracting it. Nowadays, aerosol box is used in conjunction with WHO-recommended safety kits, to avoid health workers from getting SARS-CoV-2 infection during aerosol-generating procedures. In our study, we compared the ease of oral intubation with C-MAC video laryngoscope and direct laryngoscopy, when the aerosol box was used. The secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of airway loss, haemodynamic changes, number of attempts, and time required for intubation between these two techniques.

Methods:
This prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 60 non-coronavirus disease (COVID) patients presenting for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups:C and D using a computer-generated random sequence of numbers by closed envelope technique. In group D, laryngoscopy was performed with Macintosh blade and in group C, with Storz® C-MAC video laryngoscope.

Results:
The ease of intubation was better (grade 1) in group C than D (68.6% vs. 31.4% respectively) with a P value of < 0.001. 10% of patients required more than one intubation attempt in group D compared to none in group C, but this difference was not statistically significant. The intubation time was comparable between the two groups. There were no incidences of loss of airway or failure to intubate in both groups.

Conclusion:
The use of C-MAC video-laryngoscopy resulted in easier orotracheal intubation as compared to intubation with direct laryngoscopy when the aerosol box was used.
Assessment of the perioperative effect of vasopressin in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Soliman Rabie , Yacoub Abdelbadee , Elbiaa Assem A M 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:
Myomectomy is associated with perioperative bleeding. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of intramyometrial vasopressin on blood loss and the associated cardiovascular complications during myomectomy.

Methods:
The study included 194 patients classified into two groups- 1) Vasopressin group: the vasopressin was diluted as 0.1 unit/ml and 15 ml was injected by the surgeon in the plane between the myometrium and the myoma. 2) Control group: The patients received an equal amount of normal saline. The monitored parameters included the amount of blood loss, required blood transfusion, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, the incidence of hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and the blood troponin I level.

Results:
The heart rate decreased significantly in both groups, but the decrease was lower with vasopressin than the control group through the time points T3 to T5 (P < 0.05) The mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly in both groups, but the increase was higher with vasopressin than the control group through T3 to T5 (P < 0.05). The amount of blood loss decreased significantly with vasopressin than the control groups (P = 0.001). The number of transfused packed red blood cells was lower with vasopressin than the control group (P = 0.001). The incidence of hypertension, bradycardia and atrial extrasystole was higher with vasopressin than the control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.012, P = 0.033, respectively).

Conclusion:
Intramyometrial vasopressin decreases blood loss and blood transfusion, but it is associated with cardiovascular complications that may be serious as reported in other studies. Therefore, anaesthesiologists and gynaecologists must follow the precautions to avoid and minimise the incidence of complications with intramyometrial vasopressin.
Deep versus superficial erector spinae block for modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Sinha Chandni , Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Ajeet , Kumari Poonam , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Jha Chandan Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:
Forero et al. described two approaches of erector spinae (ES) plane block: superficial and deep to erector spinae muscle. We hypothesised that the superficial technique would not lead to optimum analgesia as the drug would have to cross one more muscle layer. We aimed to compare the techniques in terms of analgesia and sensory blockade in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM).

Methods:
Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I/II female patients in age group 18–60 years undergoing unilateral MRM were included in this prospective study. Group D patients received 20 mL 0.2% ropivacaine deep to erector spinae at the T4 level. Group S patients received 20 mL 0.2% ropivacaine superficial to erector spinae. Sensory level of block, perioperative opioid consumption, and adverse effects were noted.

Results:
Twenty four hours morphine consumption was less in group D: 5.47 ± 1.1 mg and in group S was 7.66 ± 0.74 mg (P < 0.001). The sensory spread was more in deep group in the posterior axillary and mid axillary line. There were no reported adverse effects in either group.

Conclusion:
Injection of drug deep to ES muscle provides more cranio-caudal blockade of posterior and lateral chest wall, hence providing better analgesia following breast surgery. Injection of the drug superficial to the muscle leads to inferior analgesia.
Comparison of analgesic efficacy of intrathecal 1% 2-chloroprocaine with or without fentanyl in elective caesarean section
Authors: Singariya Geeta , Choudhary Kusum , Kamal Manoj , Bihani Pooja , Pahuja Himani , Saini Pradeep 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:
Preservative free 1% 2-chlorprocaine is a short acting local anaesthetic agent suitable for day care surgical procedures. Potentiation of analgesic action of intrathecal local anaesthetics by the addition of opioids is well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjuvant to 1% 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) in parturients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section (LSCS).

Methods:
This prospective randomised comparative study was performed on 150 healthy, term parturients planned for elective low risk LSCS, divided into two equal groups. The group CS received 1% preservative-free 2-CP 3 ml (30 mg) + 0.5 ml normal saline and group CF received 1% preservative-free 2-CP 3 ml (30 mg) + 0.5 ml fentanyl (25 μg) with a total volume of 3.5 ml intrathecally in both groups. The duration of sensory blockade, duration of motor blockade, maximum height of sensory block, haemodynamic parameters, quality of block, neonatal outcome, patient satisfaction and any side effects were recorded.

Results:
There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, haemodynamic parameters, onset of sensory block, onset of motor block and duration of motor block between the groups. The duration of sensory block and duration of analgesia was statistically prolonged in group CF than group CS (P value < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the Apgar score of newborns in both groups. The adverse effects (hypotension, bradycardia, nausea/vomiting, shivering and transient neurological symptoms) were comparable in both the groups.

Conclusion:
The addition of fentanyl to 1% 2-chloroprocaine intrathecally prolonged the duration of sensory block and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing LSCS.
Chapaev as a Media Object: from the Civil War to the Black Lives Matter Movement
Authors: Anikin Daniil A. 
Published: February 2021

The article explores the dynamics of the image of V.I. Chapaev in the Soviet and post-Soviet media space. Using the theory of post-memory by M. Hirsch and S. O’Donoghue as methodology of research, the author analyzes the transformation of the main characteristics of the image, its place in Russian historical memory and in the cultural tradition. V.I. Chapaev became one of the most significant characters in the Soviet cultural tradition. After the fall of the Soviet Union the image of Chapaev however retained its significance in the context of rethinking the Soviet heritage. The article highlights the following stages of transformation of V.I. Chapaev’s image: the inclusion in the "founding myth" and gradual transformation into a Soviet epic hero (crowding out collective trauma); debunking the heroic status within the framework of the "carnival culture" and turning into a character of anecdotes (de-traumatization in the process of post-memory formation); transformation into a hero of Internet memes (transformation of post-memory and de-actualization of the themes of the Civil War). The author argues that the burst of memes depicting Chapaev in 2020 demonstrates a post-ironic attitude to the Black Lives Matter movement in Russian society. The author concludes that the fact that Chapaev’s image was included in a fundamentally different political and cultural context demonstrates that the symbolic potential of the Civil War memory in Russia is entirely exhausted and can no longer serve as a tool for the formation of commemorative practices.
A Critical Study of Orientalists' Objections on Mushaf-e-Usmani: In the Light of Allama Shams ul haq Afghani’s Thoughts
Authors: Jadoon Saeed-ul- Haq , Salih-ud-Din  
Published: February 2021

مستشرقین کے مصحفِ عثمانی پر شبہات کا تنقیدی مطالعہ: علامہ شمس الحق افغانیؒ کے افکار کی روشنی میں
Orientalists have paid much attention to the studies of Quran, in this regard the first target of Orientalists is Quranic Codification and its Historical position, for which they tried their best to object the Historical background of Mushaf -e Usmani and its validity. While Islamic History bears an ample testimony to the validity of this Manuscript, a general trend of the orientalists has been to question the validity of such a core Islamic ideal. Maulana Shamsulhaq Afghani was a famous and great scholar of subcontinent, belonged to District Charssada Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, who wrote critical evaluations on Orientalist’s Quranic objections. He served on many important designations’ like ministry of Baluchistan Qalat, President of wifaq ul madaris al Arabia Pakistan, Vice Chancellor of Islamia University of Bahawalpur and member of Islamic ideology Council Pakistan. Among his contiribution there are works that deal with the criticism of the orientalists’ approaches to the study of Islam in general and Quran in particular. In his book”Uloom- ul- Quran” he criticize orientalist’s trends about the codification of Mushaf-e-Usmani. In this research paper some selected objections of orientalists related to the codification of Mushaf-e-Usmani, and their critical evaluation in the light of Shamsulhaq Afghani's Thoughts has been discussed.
Планування на основі спроможностей: нова парадигма розвитку Медичних сил Збройних Сил України
Authors: Zhakhovsky V. O. , Livinskyi V. G. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи – аналіз та узагальнення процесів розвитку Медичних сил Збройних Сил України (Медичні сили) через запровадження планування їх розвитку на основі спроможностей.
Матеріали та методи. Використано доктринальні документи з питань національної безпеки і оборони України, керівні документи Міністерства оборони (МО) України та Збройних Сил (ЗС) України, публікації у періодичних наукових виданнях. Об’єкт дослідження – Медичні сили ЗС України. Предмет дослідження – планування розвитку Медичних сил на основі спроможностей. Методи дослідження: бібліографічний, системного підходу, аналітичний, узагальнення.
Результати. У статті розглянуто вимоги доктринальних документів з питань національної безпеки і оборони України, керівних документів МО України та ЗС України щодо впровадження в практику оборонного планування в Україні планування на основі спроможностей. Висвітлено переваги оборонного планування на основі спроможностей, його етапи та порядок проведення. Наведено методичні підходи до формування переліку спроможностей, переліку носіїв спроможностей, а також опису спроможностей Медичних сил та їх носіїв. Приведено алгоритм дій щодо проведення оцінювання спроможностей Медичних сил в ході оборонного огляду та їх розвитку.
Висновки. Розвиток ЗС України здійснюється в напрямку досягнення сумісності зі збройними силами держав-членів НАТО шляхом планування їх розвитку на основі спроможностей. Планування розвитку Медичних сил на основі спроможностей передбачає здійснення аналізу завдань та функцій Медичних сил в імовірних варіантах застосування ЗС України, що трансформуються у вимоги до спроможностей, на підставі чого планується їх створення, утримання та розвиток.