bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cis/Trans-Fatty Acid Content of Red Meats and the Related Effects on Meat Quality and Human Health
Authors: C. Webb Edward 
Published: July 2021

Red meats are often criticized as unhealthy based on their perceived high-fat content and saturated fatty acid composition. Uncertainties about the fatty acid composition and trans-fatty acid contents may discourage consumers to eat red meat, especially those living with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and obesity (e.g. the metabolic syndrome). Previous studies have investigated the factors that influence the fat content and fatty acid composition of red meats, including the effects of species, age, nutrition, sex, production systems and growth promotants in animals, but the trans-fatty acid content of red meat has not been well studied to date. The purpose of this chapter is to review the fat content and fatty acid composition of red meats, with specific reference to its cis/trans-fatty acid content. Representative samples of beef sirloin steaks (n = 60) and lamb loin chops (n = 80) (the lumbar part of the longissimus dorsi muscle) were collected from carcasses from several randomly selected abattoirs in the Gauteng region of South Africa for proximate and fatty acid analyses. Results from this study confirm that the intramuscular fat content of red meats is low compared to most fat-containing processed foods. The lean component of beef and lamb contain a trivial proportion of TFA’s, consisting of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. The CLA’s in red meat are beneficial due to their antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties, so they should not strictly be considered in the TFA definition. This means that the TFA’s in red meats are negligible and pose no harm to human health. Labelling of red meats should be improved to convey this information to consumers.
Explorando o uso de aplicativos móveis para autogestão do tratamento em saúde mental: scoping review
Authors: Nóbrega Maria Do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa , Tibúrcio Priscila Campos , Fernandes Mariana Coronato , Fernandes Carla Sílvia Neves da Nova , Santos Célia Samarina Vilaça de Brito , Magalhães Bruno Miguel Borges de Sousa 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: mapear a literatura científica produzida sobre aplicativos móveis para a autogestão do tratamento em saúde mental. Método: revisão de escopo realizada em cinco bases em português, inglês ou espanhol em novembro de 2020 com os descritores mental health, mental illness, mental disorder, psychiatric illness, mobile applications, app, self care, self management e self monitoring. Resultados: encontraram-se 46 artigos relacionados, em sua maioria, com desenvolvimento, eficácia, percepção dos usuários ou busca de aplicativos em lojas especializadas e com foco no automonitoramento do humor (13%) ou gestão de doenças mentais, em geral (23,9%). Conclusão: os estudos evidenciaram variedade e eficácia de aplicativos móveis para diferentes transtornos mentais. A construção de novos aplicativos para autogestão em SM deve ser sustentada em evidências, com participação do público e com amostras representativas que, de fato, retratem as expectativas e motivações do usuário para o uso dessas tecnologias na autogestão de seu tratamento.
Developmental instability in wild Nigerian olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Hoover Kara C. , Gelipter Emily , Sommer Volker , Kovarovic Kris 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDevelopmental instability in archaeological samples can be detected through analysis of skeletal and dental remains. During life, disruptions to biological internal homeostasis that occur during growth and development redirect bodily resources to returning to homeostasis and away from normal processes such as symmetrical development. Because dental enamel does not remodel in life, any deviations from normal development are left behind. Even subtle disturbances to developmental trajectory may be detected in asymmetrical development of traits, specifically a random variation in sides termed fluctuating asymmetry. Human dental fluctuating asymmetry studies are common, but here we investigate the permanent dentition of a non-human primatePapio anubis, for potential fluctuating asymmetry relative to sex, weaning, and reproductive maturity. The sample stems from an outlier population that lives in the wettest and most humid habitat of any studied baboon group.MethodsThe skulls of adult baboons were collected after their natural death in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. The permanent dentition of antimeric teeth (paired) were measured for maximum length and breadth using standard methods. The metrics were analyzed to assess the presence of fluctuating asymmetry in adult permanent mandibular and maxillary dentition. Measurement error and other forms of asymmetry (antisymmetry, directional asymmetry) were considered and dental measures expressing true fluctuating asymmetry were used to address three research questions.ResultsMales exhibit greater fluctuating asymmetry than females, suggesting that males experience greater overall instability during the developmental period. While weaning is not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the first molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), it is more stressful for females than males. The onset of reproduction is also not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the third molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), but it is more stressful for males than females. We explore possible explanations for these findings in the discussion.
Endoscope-Assisted Reduction of Zygoma Arch Fractures
Authors: Khattab A. M. , Gamea A. M. , Hamad M. H. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of the endoscope-assisted approach with the open surgical technique for reduction of zygoma arch fractures.
Study design: Randomized controlled study.
Place and Duration of Study: Maxillofacial surgery unit, Otolaryngology department, Tanta University hospital, Tanta, Egypt, between April 2019 and October 2020.
Methodology: We included 18 patients (15 men, 3 women; age range 16-63 years) with fracture of zygoma arch. Ten cases were operated by the endoscope-assisted approach while the other 8 cases were operated by the open surgical technique. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, adequacy of reduction and any complications were recorded and documented.
Results: The endoscope assisted group showed a statistically significant lower risk of complications with risk reduction rate of 67.5%. In other terms, the number needed to treat was 1.5, that is to say we must treat 1.5 patients with the endoscope-assisted method to prevent 1 adverse event that would have happened with the traditional open approach. Other outcome measures of operative time and blood loss showed no statistically significant difference (P value equals .25 and .52 respectively). The outcome of rate of inadequate reduction has quite wide 95% CI (-19.38 to 19.38) that reflects imprecision due to lack of events.
Conclusion: The endoscope-assisted method showed statistically significant superiority in the domain of incidence of complications risk reduction (67.5%). No statistically significant difference was recorded in other outcome measures. Thus, the endoscope assisted approach for the zygoma arch fracture is in our opinion a better option than the traditional open incision approach.
Repair and Maintenance Cost Estimation for Two Power Sizes of Agricultural Tractors as Affected by Hours of Use and Age in Years: A Case Study, Dongola Area, Sudan
Authors: Dahab Mohamed H. , Gafar Montasir A. , Rahman Abdul Gadir M. Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Repair and maintenance cost is considered as one of important items for machinery management and selection especially agricultural tractors. The present study was carried out in Dongola area for tractor repair and maintenance costs estimation. The data was collected from records of Elshimalya Company for Agricultural services. Forty-four tractors representing two powers sizes, 75hp and 150hp used in the area were selected for this study. Based on the data collected, regression correlation analysis was carried out and mathematical models were derived to predict the accumulated repair and maintenance (R and M) costs as percent of purchase price in relation to accumulated hours of use and age (years) for each tractor size, and for the two sizes collectively. Five model forms (linear, logarithmic, polynomial, power and exponential) were derived and the power function was found the best fit to explain the relation. The accumulated Rand M costs as percent of purchase price (Y) was increased as the accumulated hours of use (x) and age (g) of the tractor in years were increased. A high correlation was found between the accumulated R and M cost and both accumulated hours of use and tractor age in years (Average R2 = 0.93).
It was concluded that the power function was the best fit for repair and maintenance cost estimations and this relation may be used as an average of the two tractor powers, for estimation of the accumulated R and M costs as percent of purchase price (Y) with accumulated hours of use (x) and age (g): Y=0.028x0.662 (mean) Y=12.294g1.276 (mean).
Lived Experiences of Diabetes Patients in Rural Areas of Ghana: Discovering the Forces that Determine Psychosocial Care
Authors: Kwakye Isaac Nyarko , Antwi James , Hormenu Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Diabetes has been identified to cause prolonged ill health in many people living in rural communities in Ghana where access to health care delivery appears to be inadequate and of low quality due to financial constraints, limited health resources, poor road network, low literacy levels and limited access to specialist care. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes often express varied psychological and emotional imbalances. Therefore, immediate psychosocial care is needed to prevent patients living in rural areas from getting into severe depression mode and other mental health complications. Yet, understanding how people diagnosed with diabetes should react in order to prevent severe psychological implications has not been adequately explored in Ghana. This study explored the lived experiences of diabetes patients living in rural areas of the Eastern Region of Ghana with the aim of discovering the forces that determine appropriate psychosocial care for patients.
Study Design: Using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), 31 diabetes patients were purposively selected from four hospitals in the region, and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to investigate participants’ perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences about the disease and how the participants own experiences could be used to construct a framework of immediate care applicable in their own social certain.
Results: The study generated themes along productive and unproductive lines to demonstrate the lived experiences of diabetes patients. Psycho-emotional reactions, psychological shock and emotional outbursts constitute unproductive forces. This caused some of the patients to express suicidal ideations at the extreme point. On the other hand, individual resilience and disposition, guidance and support from care providers, family and community members constitute the productive forces that provide an appropriate framework for psychosocial care for diabetes patients.
Conclusion: The study has shown the need to adequately address the psychological and emotional needs of diabetes patients to prevent extreme forms of psychological distress (anxiety and depression). The authors, therefore, recommend an integrated care model for diabetes patients’ in rural areas that encompass a psychosocial therapy built around the primary healthcare concept with the establishment of counseling units in all Primary Health Care facilities. This will offer a platform to generate personal and community actions and decisions to adequately address the immediate psychological and emotional needs of diabetes patients in rural areas.
A Comparative Study of Alcohol Estimation in Different Samples of Draksharishta
Authors: Bore Ravindra , Wadnerwar Nilima 
Published: July 2021

Background: Among all Arishta, Draksharishta is manufactured and sold on large amount by various pharmaceutical companies and widely prescribed by the physicians. Due to its effective properties and pleasant test resembling to that of Alcohol, Draksharishta is used by the patients in over dose for longer duration irrespective of the physician’s prescription.
Hence, to estimate and compare the level of alcohol and to detect the absence/presence of Methanol content in self-prepared and market samples of Draksharishta, this study was undertaken by comparing the permissible limits of alcohol in all the samples so as to inhibit alcohol intoxication due to Draksharishta. Draksharishta was prepared by two methods.
Methodology: In method 1, Dhataki (Woodfordia floribunda) flowers and in method 2, Yeast was used for inducing fermentation. Analytical study of two self prepared and five market samples of Draksharishta was conducted to estimate the level of alcohol, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar and to detect the absence/presence of Methanol content. The detected values of the parameters were compared among all the samples.
Results: The data reveal that there is difference in the physicochemical values of the Draksharishta samples. The alcohol content in samples M-E (2.8 %), S-A (3.40 %) and S-B (3.80 %) is low as compared to other sample of Draksharishta. Alcohol content in self prepared and market samples of Draksharishta is within permissible limits. Methanol is absent in all the sample of Draksharishta. Draksharishta prepared according to reference (S-A and S-B), satisfy the standard parameters of Arishta kalpana.
Conclusion: Draksharishta sample S-A and S-B can be easily used in all age groups even in higher dose. As alcohol contents is less and methanol is absent in self-prepared samples, they are safe to use.
Impact of Pesticide Awareness module (PAM) in Improving the knowledge of Farmers Community about Pesticide Poisoning: A Pre- and Post- Intervention Study in Wardha District in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chalakh S. , Desai P. , Rajput D. 
Published: July 2021

Background:Pesticide poisoning is a major concern in developing countries like India due to a lack of knowledge about its hazardous effect. It can be minimised by creating awareness among the farmers .This study was conducted to assess the impact of pesticide awareness module in improving the awareness among the farmers' community about pesticide poisoning.
Methodology: This was a pre and Post-intervention study in six villages in the Wardha district in Maharashtra. Forty farmers from six villages were interviewed regarding the knowledge, about pesticide poisoning before and after the sensitization with pesticide awareness module with the predesigned questionnaire.
Result: Statistically high significant difference is detected in pre and post-test. It was found that average Pre-test score was 1.84 (out of 10) which was increased in post-test score to 6.52(out of 10). The observed change was 46.79%.
Conclusion: The intervention of PAM was highly effective in knowledge gaining of farmer community
Innovation in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Impact of Changing Regulatory Regime
Authors: Sethi Divya , Chaturvedi Vijit , Sethi Anju 
Published: July 2021

Background: The Pharmaceutical industry has always been fostered with a culture of radical innovation. Nevertheless, the significance of radical innovation is yet unrealized by the Indian pharmaceutical firms.
Introduction: The Indian pharma companies often seek immediate profit avenues rather than investing in radical innovation. They lead by imitation than innovation. This has been majorly due to the lax intellectual property laws in the country.
Objectives: This paper ruminates on the significance of a stringent intellectual property regime and its impact on profitability and innovation.
Result: The findings of the study indicate that increased R&D intensity enhances innovation. Furthermore, this relationship is bolstered in the presence of a stringent intellectual property regime. The findings also indicate that enhanced innovation activity increases the profitability of the firms.
Conclusion: Innovation activity is enhanced in presence of a stricter intellectual property regime, and this indeed has a positive impact on the firm profitability as well. Hence, as the results of the study indicate, the pharmaceutical firms in India should be encouraged to invest in research and development, especially considering the stricter patent laws. It will help firms bolster their profitability and have a sustained competitive advantage in the industry.
Development of an Improved Whole Blood Assay for Diagnosis of Latent and Active Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Nashine Rupam R. , Nayak Amit R. , Husain Aliabbas , Mudey Gargi D. , Daginawala Hatim F. , Singh Lokendra , Kashyap Rajpal S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Latent TB infection (LTBI) is an infection where the presence of disease causing organism M. tuberculosis is there without any sign and symptoms of the disease hence mostly remains undiagnosed, though Tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) were used to diagnose the LTBI. They have their limitations, TST gives major cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and gives inaccurate results in individuals who have taken BCG and IGRA are very costly and variable sensitivity is repeated in various populations hence the modifications are needed in the IGRA for proper diagnosis of LTBI.
Objectives: In the proposed study we aimed to develop an improved whole blood assay towards a diagnosis of latent and active TB infection as an alternative to the Quantiferon QFT assay
Methodology: Synthetic antigenic peptides against latency specific antigens will be designed and synthesized. Designed peptides will be screened for LTBI specific cytokine by in-vitro experiments. Development & production of Whole assay using selected peptides evaluation of developed assay through ELISA in clinical samples.
Expected Results: Latent specific peptides will be identified and peptide-based whole blood assay for detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis will be developed as an indigenous alternative for the existing QFT assay.
Conclusion: An improved whole blood assay will be developed for screening of LTBI in the Indian population.
Siglec‐15 promotes the migration of liver cancer cells by repressing lysosomal degradation of CD44
Authors: Liu Weitao , Ji Zhi , Wu BingRui , Huang Sijing , Chen Qihang , Chen Xiaoning , Wei Yuanyan , Jiang Jianhai 
Published: July 2021

Sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin‐15 (Siglec‐15) has been identified as a novel potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we explored the role of Siglec‐15 in human hepatoma cells. In this study, we found that the expression of Siglec‐15 is substantially upregulated in liver cancer tissues in comparison with the nontumor tissues. Functionally, in vitro experiments show that Siglec‐15 promotes the migration of hepatoma cells. Furthermore, the data demonstrated an interaction between Siglec‐15 and CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, we show that CD44 is modified by α2,6‐linked sialic acids on N‐glycans in hepatoma cells and that CD44 sialylation affects its interaction with Siglec‐15. Removal of the sialic acid residues from CD44 resulted in suppressed interaction between Siglec‐15 and CD44. We further demonstrate that Siglec‐15 interacts and promotes the stability of CD44 by preventing its lysosomal‐mediated degradation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Siglec‐15 promotes the migration of hepatoma cells by regulating the CD44 protein stability.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Childhood Arthritis Limited Examination: A Comprehensive, Reliable, Time‐Efficient Assessment of Synovitis
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Ting Tracy V. , Oberle Edward J. , McCracken Courtney , Figueroa Janet , Altaye Mekibib , Cassedy Amy , Kaeley Gurjit S. , Roth Johannes ,   for the CARRA Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Workgroup
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo develop and initially validate a comprehensive pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) joint‐specific scoring system, and to determine the minimum number of joints needed to identify active disease.MethodsA semiquantitative scoring system was developed by consensus and initially validated by interrater reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Subsequently, newly diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with an active joint count of >4 had a 42‐joint MSUS performed at baseline and 3 months using this protocol. A minimum set of joints needed to identify all patients with synovitis on MSUS was obtained through a data reduction process. Spearman's correlation (rs) was calculated to determine the association between MSUS findings and clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 10 joints (cJADAS10). Standardized response means (SMRs) were used to assess change over time.ResultsThe final joint‐specific scoring system revealed an excellent interrater reliability (ICC 0.81–0.96) for all joints. Thirty patients were enrolled. Scanning 5 joints bilaterally (wrists, second and third metacarpophalangeal joints, knees and ankles) captured 100% of children with B‐mode synovitis and had moderate correlation with the cJADAS10 at baseline (rs = 0.45). Mean ultrasound scores at baseline and follow‐up were 28.3 and 22.3, with an SRM of 0.69 (P = 0.002) for 42 joints, and 36 and 27.7, with an SRM of 0.76 (P = 0.003) for the reduced joints, respectively.ConclusionA limited MSUS examination called musculoskeletal ultrasound in childhood arthritis limited examination (MUSICAL) captures all patients with active synovitis, and our new joint‐specific scoring system is highly reliable and sensitive to change.
Comparison of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computerized Adaptive Testing Versus Fixed Short Forms in Juvenile Myositis
Authors: Patel Ruchi N. , Esparza Valeria G. , Lai Jin‐Shei , Gray Elizabeth L. , Reeve Bryce B. , Chang Rowland W. , Cella David , Ardalan Kaveh 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivePatient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures can be administered via computerized adaptive testing (CAT) or fixed short forms (FSFs), but the empirical benefits of CAT versus FSFs are unknown in juvenile myositis (JM). The present study was undertaken to assess whether PROMIS CAT is feasible, precise, correlated with FSFs, and less prone to respondent burden and floor/ceiling effects than FSFs in JM.MethodsPatients 8–17 years of age (self‐report and parent proxy) and parents of patients 5–7 years of age (only parent proxy) completed PROMIS fatigue, pain interference, upper extremity function, mobility, anxiety, and depressive symptoms measures. Pearson correlations, paired t‐tests, and Cohen's d were calculated between PROMIS CAT and FSFs. McNemar's test assessed floor/ceiling effects between CAT and FSFs. Precision and respondent burden were examined across the T score range.ResultsData from 67 patient–parent dyads were analyzed. CAT and FSF mean scores did not significantly differ except in parent proxy anxiety and fatigue (effect size 0.23 and 0.19, respectively). CAT had less pronounced floor/ceiling effects at the less symptomatic extreme in all domains except self‐report anxiety. Increased item burden and higher SEs were seen in less symptomatic scorers for CAT. Modified stopping rules limiting CAT item administration did not decrease precision.ConclusionPROMIS CAT appears to be feasible and correlated with FSFs. CAT had less pronounced floor/ceiling effects, allowing detection of individual differences in less symptomatic patients. Modified stopping rules for CAT may decrease respondent burden. CAT can be considered for long‐term follow‐up of JM patients.