bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of dual and triple fungicide premixes for managing soybean rust across years and regions in Brazil: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Barro Jhonatan P. , Alves Kaique S. , Godoy Cláudia V. , Dias Alfredo R. , Forcelini Carlos A. , Utiamada Carlos M. , de Andrade Júnior Edson R. , Juliatti Fernando C. , Grigolli Fernando J. , Feksa Heraldo R. , Campos Hercules D. , Chaves Ione C. P. V. , Araújo Júnior Ivan P. , Roy João Mauricio T. , Nunes Júnior José , Belufi Luana M. R. , Carneiro Luciana C. , Silva Luís H. C. P. , Canteri Marcelo G. , Goussain Júnior Marcio M. , Senger Marina , Meyer Maurício C. , Dias Moab D. , Müller Mônica A. , Martins Mônica C. , Debortoli Mônica P. , Tormen Nédio R. , Furlan Silvânia H. , Konageski Tiago F. , Carlin Valtemir J. , Venâncio Wilson S. , Del Ponte Emerson M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoybean rust in Brazil is currently controlled with several commercial fungicide premixes composed of demethylation inhibitors (EPOXiconazole, CYPRoconazole, PROThioconazole, TEBUconazole), quinone‐outside inhibitors (AZOXystrobin, TriFLoXystrobin, PYRAclostrobin, PICOxystrobin), and succinate demethylation inhibitors (BENZovindiflupyr, BIXaFen, FLUXapyroxad). Here, we summarize the performance of eight premixes evaluated in 177 cooperative trials conducted in 46 locations across 10 states from 2015 to 2020. All fungicide treatments were sprayed three times starting at R1/R2. Percentage control (, %), from back‐transforming meta‐analytic estimates of the log of the ratio, ranged from 56.2% (PICO + CYPR) to 76.8% (BIXF + TFLX + PROT). Estimates of mean yield difference (, kg/ha) between fungicide‐treated and untreated plots were greatest for BIXF + TFLX + PROT (1,080) followed by PICO + BENZ (1,010), PYRA + EPOX + FLUX (981.5), AZOX + BENZ (910), TFLX + PROT (891), PICO +TEBU (682), TFLX + CYPR (646), and PICO + CYPR (600). Significant declines in both and in as little as 4 years were detected for AZOX + BENZ (35.3%; 550 kg/ha) and PICO + BENZ (15.5%; 359.8 kg/ha). Variance in was reduced by the inclusion of baseline severity as covariate. In trials where baseline disease was ≥70%, yield was 250 kg/ha greater compared to areas with low baseline disease. Disease control and yield response were generally greater in the south‐east, where the frequency of profitable scenarios was 30% higher on average than in the north‐west. Results of this meta‐analysis are critical for supporting decisions during planning of fungicide programmes.
Genome‐wide identification of U‐box genes and protein ubiquitination under PEG‐induced drought stress in potato
Authors: Tang Xun , Ghimire Shantwana , Liu Weigang , Fu Xue , Zhang Huanhuan , Sun Fujun , Zhang Ning , Si Huaijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein ubiquitination is one of the most important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells, and it is involved in a variety of biological processes, including abiotic stress response. The ubiquitination modification is highly specific, which depends on the accurate recognition of substrate proteins by ubiquitin ligase. Plant U‐box (PUB) proteins are a class of ubiquitin ligases, multiple members of which have shown to participate in water‐deficit stress in Arabidopsis and rice. U‐box gene family and large‐scale profiling of the ubiquitome in potato has not been reported to date, although it is one of the most important food crops. The identified 66 U‐box genes from the potato genome database were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. These StPUBs have a large number of tandem repeat sequences. Analysis of gene expression characteristics revealed that many StPUBs responded to abiotic stress. Three hundred and fourteen lys modification sites were identified under PEG‐induced drought stress, which were distributed on 200 proteins, with 25 differential ubiquitination modification sites, most of which were up‐regulated. The ubiquitination modification in potato protein was enhanced under PEG‐induced drought stress, and U‐box ubiquitin ligase was involved. This study provides an overall strategy and rich data set to clarify the effects of ubiquitination on potatoes under PEG‐induced drought stress and the ubiquitination modification involved in potato U‐box genes in response to PEG‐induced drought stress.
PD components and distractor inhibition in visual search: New evidence for the signal suppression hypothesis
Authors: Drisdelle Brandi Lee , Eimer Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hypothesis that salient distractors in visual search are actively suppressed is supported by the fact that these objects elicit PD components believed to be associated with inhibition. This account was challenged by researchers who found that a PD to lateral color singleton distractors was followed by a contralateral negativity, which they interpreted as an N2pc indicative of attentional capture. As this would be at odds with successful distractor suppression, they proposed an alternative lateral‐first serial scanning hypothesis, which assumes that the PD might actually be an N2pc elicited when a lateral context item is selected. We tested this hypothesis by measuring lateralized ERP components to search displays with two lateral and two vertical midline items, including a color singleton and a shape‐defined target. Color singletons triggered PD components not only in blocks where attention was unfocused because target location was unpredictable, but critically also in blocks where targets only appeared on the midline and participants had no reason to attend to lateral items. This is inconsistent with the serial scanning hypothesis and supports the idea that the PD reflects signal suppression. PD components to singleton distractors were followed by a contralateral negativity, which we interpreted as a second PD elicited by nonsalient distractors on the opposite side. Our sequential inhibition account reconciles conflicting results of recent studies and emphasizes the role of inhibitory processes during attentional target selection in visual search.
Criteria for the recognition of clastic halite: The modern Dead Sea shoreline
Authors: Lowenstein Tim K. , Weldeghebriel Mebrahtu F. , Sirota Ido , Eyal Haggai , Mor Ziv , Lensky Nadav G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSedimentological studies of modern halites have focused on shallow water to subaerially‐exposed saline pans, where in‐place crystal growth, dissolution and cementation textures dominate. Clastic halite transported and deposited by waves and unidirectional currents as bedload is poorly known. This paper: (i) describes and interprets the diagnostic sedimentary features of clastic halite from a modern outcrop exposed along the north‐western coastline of the Dead Sea; and (ii) provides criteria for recognition of clastic halite in the rock record. The 2 m thick halite unit at Nahal Og was deposited within the last four decades at water depths <30 m as Dead Sea levels fell ca 30 m. Clastic halites consist of frameworks of sorted crystals with point contacts and no preferred growth fabrics. Halite cumulates, deposited as suspended load, precipitated in the water column and sank to the brine bottom. The excellent sorting and purity of halite crystal layers are unique to cumulates. Small‐scale ripple cross‐stratified thin beds and intraclast conglomerates were deposited from bedload. Halite bedload deposits (composed of halite flat pebbles, ooids, rafts, single clear crystals, cumulate crystals, mud intraclasts and rounded mudballs, foraminifera, gypsum) reflect wave transport and deposition via oscillatory flow above wave base, or by unidirectional flow in the breaker and surf zones. In addition, waves on the Dead Sea coast generate longshore currents. Thin beds produced by wave‐influenced oscillatory transport of halite are symmetrical in cross‐section. Less common cross‐stratified units with asymmetrical cross‐sections indicate unidirectional currents. Clastic halite, especially as a bedload deposit, has rarely been identified in ancient evaporites. Shoreline deposits from ancient halites, however, must contain wave‐reworked and current‐reworked layers and should be common in saline giants, given their enormous size and potential for generating waves and currents. Documentation of modern clastic halite may lead to a better understanding of ancient hypersaline environments on Earth.
Dynamic connectedness and spillovers across sectors: Evidence from the Indian stock market
Authors: Chatziantoniou Ioannis , Gabauer David , Marfatia Hardik A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate stock market sectoral connectedness in India utilizing a time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive connectedness approach. Results show that stock market sectoral connectedness varies across time. Connectedness is strongest during the 2008 crisis, the double‐digit inflation and stock market crash of 2011, following the national elections of 2014, and the demonetization of 2016. Among sectors, consumers' spending, industry, finance, and basic materials are net transmitters of shocks, while information technology, fast‐moving consumer goods, health care, and telecommunications are net receivers. Findings can help formulate policies that alleviate sectoral imbalances and promote balanced growth. They are also useful for devising optimal portfolio diversification strategies.
Behavior genetics research on personality: Moving beyond traits to examine characteristic adaptations
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Linh L. , Syed Moin , McGue Matt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study argues that behavior genetics research on personality should expand beyond universal traits to include characteristic adaptations. Trait research examines broad, decontextualized, and universal domains such as the Five‐Factor Model. Characteristic adaptations are more contextualized than traits, such as goals and life strategies as responses to specific life demands. The study is organized into three sections: (1) a review of the abundance of behavior genetics research on personality traits, which has reached a convergent point at which few further findings are reported beyond the classic distribution of high genetic and non‐shared environmental influences with little to no shared environmental effect; (2) a review of existing behavior genetics research on characteristic adaptations that, although limited in volume, has demonstrated patterns far less consistent than traits; and (3) a discussion on future directions and important limitations to consider in conducting and interpreting behavior genetics research on non‐trait personality. The connection between characteristic adaptations and contextualized life outcomes, the preponderance of homogenous findings on traits, and the sparse yet promising findings of characteristic adaptations, all support the need for behavior genetics research on personality to expand beyond the broad trait level to characteristic adaptations and beyond.
A Conformable Two-Dimensional Resistance Temperature Detector for Measuring Average Skin Temperature
Authors: Namisnak Laura H. , Khoshnevis Sepideh , Diller Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thermoregulation research and various medical procedures are accomplished by manipulating skin temperature in a nonuniform pattern. Skin temperature monitoring is essential to assess conformance to protocol specifications and to prevent thermal injury. Existing solutions for skin temperature monitoring include single point sensors, such as thermocouples, and two-dimensional methods of sensing surface temperature, such as infrared thermography, and wearable technology. Single point sensors cannot detect the average temperature and consequently their measurements cannot be representative of average surface temperature in a nonuniform temperature field. Infrared thermography requires optical access, and existing ambulatory sensors may require complex manufacturing processes and impede the heat exchange with a source by including a structural substrate layer. Our solution is a two-dimensional resistance temperature detector (two-dimensional (2D) RTD) created by knitting copper magnet wire into custom shapes. The 2D RTDs were calibrated, compared to one-dimensional sensors and wearable sensors, and analyzed for hysteresis, repeatability, and surface area conformation. Resistance and temperature were correlated with an R2 of 0.99. The 2D RTD proved to be a superior device for measuring average skin temperature over a defined area exposed to a nonuniform temperature boundary in the absence of optical access such as when a full body thermal control garment is worn.
Impact of Approximations in Operating History Data on Spent Fuel Properties With Serpent 2
Authors: Häkkinen Silja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, the effect of averaging operating history parameters such as power history, boron concentration and coolant density, and temperature on spent nuclear fuel properties was investigated. The examined properties were assembly activity, decay heat, photon emission rate, spontaneous fission rate, and the concentration of some mobile nuclides and fissile nuclides. Calculations were performed on two similar VVER-440 fuel assemblies irradiated in different positions of the core using Serpent 2. Averaging power history over the entire irradiation history had a significant effect on assembly activity, decay heat, and photon emission rate overestimating these properties approximately 70% right after irradiation. However, the effect quickly died out and after 10 years of cooling, the effect was less than 1%. If the last cycle (third cycle) was modeled accurately and the power density of only the first two cycles was averaged, the differences remained always below 1%. The effect of operating history approximations on spontaneous fission rate and the nuclide concentrations was much smaller remaining mostly below 1.5%. The sensitivity of nuclide concentrations to approximations in individual operating history parameters was dependent on the nuclide in question and no trend applying to all studied nuclides could be observed.
Flow and Heat Transfer Simulation in a Complete Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assembly Using Wall-Modeled RANS
Authors: Mikuž B. , Roelofs F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reproduction of turbulent flow and heat transfer inside a pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel assembly is a challenging task due to the complex geometry and the huge computational domain. Capability of a wall-modeled Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation approach has been examined, which had already been validated against the measurements of the MATiS-H experiment. The method is here expanded to a larger computational domain aiming to reproduce flow and thermal field in the entire PWR fuel assembly. Namely, in the first part of this study, wall-modeled RANS is performed in a relatively short section of the representative PWR fuel assembly containing one single mixing grid with an array of 15 × 15 fuel rods. Linear and nonlinear eddy-viscosity turbulence models have been applied; however no significant difference is observed in the predicted pressure drop in the fuel assembly. The obtained predictions revealed an interesting pattern of swirl flow as well as diagonal cross flow downstream the mixing grid, which is driven by the applied design of split-type mixing vanes. In the second part, the computational model is extended to a domain representative of a complete PWR fuel assembly with ten mixing grids, inlet and outlet sections. Pressure drop and flow field are analyzed together with the predicted temperature and potential hot spots. In spite of a relatively coarse spatial resolution of the applied approach, the wall-modeled RANS provided promising results at least for the qualitative prediction of the pressure, flow field, and location of hot spots.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensor Using Stepwise Dielectrophoretic Deposition Onto Interdigitated Pyrolyzed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Singleton Taajza , Kulinsky Lawrence 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been implemented in the creation of many micro- and nanodevices due to their physical properties such as large volume-to-surface area as well as their high thermal and electrical conductivity. The paper describes a novel dielectrophoretic stepwise deposition of CNTs (that alternates deposition of CNTs and drying steps) between the interdigitated fingers of carbon electrodes. Multiphysics simulation illustrates the physics of CNT alignment along the electrical field lines that forms a basis for dielectrophoretic deposition of CNTs. This fabrication methodology resulted in creation of proof-of-concept nitrogen gas sensor.
Aerodynamic Optimization of a Swept Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Kaya Mehmet Numan , Köse Faruk , Uzol Oğuz , Ingham Derek , Ma Lin , Pourkashanian Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aerodynamic shapes of the blades are still of high importance and various aerodynamic designs have been developed in order to increase the amount of energy production. In this study, a swept horizontal axis wind turbine blade has been optimized to increase the aerodynamic efficiency using the computational fluid dynamics method. To illustrate the technique, a wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 0.94 m has been used as the baseline turbine, and the most appropriate swept blade design parameters, namely the sweep start-up section, tip displacement, and mode of the sweep have been investigated to obtain the maximum power coefficient at the design tip speed ratio. At this stage, a new equation that allows all three swept blade design parameters to be changed independently has been used to design swept blades, and the response surface method has been used to find out the optimum swept blade parameters. According to the results obtained, a significant increase of 4.28% in the power coefficient was achieved at the design tip speed ratio with the newly designed optimum swept wind turbine blade. Finally, baseline and optimum swept blades have been compared in terms of power coefficients at different tip speed ratios, force distributions, pressure distributions, and tip vortices.
Fundamentals of CANDU Reactor Physics
Authors: Shen Wei , Rouben Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Nuclear Engineering and Technology for the 21st Century - Monograph Series
Jovica Riznic, Series Editor
With more than 75 years of combined working experience in the area of reactor physics and safety, the intention of the authors of this monograph is to provide a practical book on reactor physics, particularly for the safe operation of aged CANDU reactors, with minimal mathematics or equations. The book gives a glimpse of first principles and their engineering application in reactor physics, for those who are interested in or are working in the Canadian nuclear industry. The book is also ideal as a reference for physicists, operators, regulatory staff, and for those who need to interact with reactor physicists at CANDU sites, nuclear laboratories, institutes, universities, or engineering companies.
This book assumes prior knowledge of nuclear physics offered at the secondary level. As very few equations appear in the monograph, it is not considered suitable for specialists whose focus is only on calculations or on the development of software on reactor physics. Such readers should refer to the books listed in the bibliography at the end of the monograph.
Transmission of Microwaves through the Composite Material with Fe–Si–Nb–Cu–B Alloy Particles
Authors: Rinkevich A. B. , Ryabkov Yu. I. , Perov D. V. , Pakhomov Ya. A. , Kuznetsov E. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transmission of electromagnetic waves through the samples of the composite material containing Fe–Si–Nb–Cu–B alloy particles with a size of up to 50 µm was studied. The dependences of the transmission and reflection ratio on the magnetic field were measured at frequencies from 12 to 38 GHz. The dependence of the effective magnetic permeability on the magnetic field was determined, and the complex refractive index was calculated. The frequency dependence of maximum values was investigated for the real and imaginary parts of this index.
Functional Diversity of Morphologically Similar Digestive Organs in Muroidea Species
Authors: Naumova E. I. , Chistova T. Yu. , Varshavskii A. A. , Zharova G. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine possible ways of functional adjustment of morphologically similar alimentary tracts in rodents with different dietary specializations. We study the structure of stomach and gut epithelial surface as well as the features of its colonization with microorganisms in five gerbil species:Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus, Gerbillus henleyi, G. andersoni, andG. dasyurus. Data on the morphological diversity of mucosa-associated microbiota have been obtained and confirmed by the results of previous microbiology studies. Species differences in chymus acidity associated with dietary specialization have been determined. Variations in the activity of the endoglucanase microbial enzyme, which is crucial for rodents fed on cellulose-containing food, have also been detected. The importance of microbiota for functional adaptations to various food types in rodents with morphologically similar digestive tracts has been evaluated.
Development of a predictive risk model for all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Sharen , Zhou Jiandong , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Wu William Ka Kei , Wong Wing Tak , Liu Tong , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPatients with diabetes mellitus are risk of premature death. In this study, we developed a machine learning-driven predictive risk model for all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using multiparametric approach with data from different domains.Research design and methodsThis study used territory-wide data of patients with type 2 diabetes attending public hospitals or their associated ambulatory/outpatient facilities in Hong Kong between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality. The association of risk variables and all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Machine and deep learning approaches were used to improve overall survival prediction and were evaluated with fivefold cross validation method.ResultsA total of 273 678 patients (mean age: 65.4±12.7 years, male: 48.2%, median follow-up: 142 (IQR=106–142) months) were included, with 91 155 deaths occurring on follow-up (33.3%; annualized mortality rate: 3.4%/year; 2.7 million patient-years). Multivariate Cox regression found the following significant predictors of all-cause mortality: age, male gender, baseline comorbidities, anemia, mean values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG), measures of variability of both HbA1c and FBG. The above parameters were incorporated into a score-based predictive risk model that had a c-statistic of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.77), which was improved to 0.86 (0.81 to 0.90) and 0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) using random survival forests and deep survival learning models, respectively.ConclusionsA multiparametric model incorporating variables from different domains predicted all-cause mortality accurately in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The predictive and modeling capabilities of machine/deep learning survival analysis achieved more accurate predictions.