bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Dentin Microstructure Is Controlled by the Type of Adjacent Epithelium
Authors: Lavicky Josef , Kolouskova Magdalena , Prochazka David , Rakultsev Vladislav , Gonzalez-Lopez Marcos , Steklikova Klara , Bartos Martin , Vijaykumar Anushree , Kaiser Jozef , Pořízka Pavel , Hovorakova Maria , Mina Mina , Krivanek Jan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Considerable amount of research has been focused on dentin mineralization, odontoblast differentiation, and their application in dental tissue engineering. However, very little is known about the differential role of functionally and spatially distinct types of dental epithelium during odontoblast development. Here we show morphological and functional differences in dentin located in the crown and roots of mouse molar and analogous parts of continuously growing incisors. Using a reporter (DSPP-cerulean/DMP1-cherry) mouse strain and mice with ectopic enamel (Spry2+/−;Spry4−/−), we show that the different microstructure of dentin is initiated in the very beginning of dentin matrix production and is maintained throughout the whole duration of dentin growth. This phenomenon is regulated by the different inductive role of the adjacent epithelium. Thus, based on the type of interacting epithelium, we introduce more generalized terms for two distinct types of dentins: cementum versus enamel-facing dentin. In the odontoblasts, which produce enamel-facing dentin, we identified uniquely expressed genes (Dkk1, Wisp1, and Sall1) that were either absent or downregulated in odontoblasts, which form cementum-facing dentin. This suggests the potential role of Wnt signalling on the dentin structure patterning. Finally, we show the distribution of calcium and magnesium composition in the two developmentally different types of dentins by utilizing spatial element composition analysis (LIBS). Therefore, variations in dentin inner structure and element composition are the outcome of different developmental history initiated from the very beginning of tooth development. Taken together, our results elucidate the different effects of dental epithelium, during crown and root formation on adjacent odontoblasts and the possible role of Wnt signalling which together results in formation of dentin of different quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genetic variant in the 5ʹ untranslated region of endothelin1 (EDN1) gene in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Yahia Sohier , Hammad Ayman , El‐Gilany Abdel‐Hady , El‐Assmy Mohamed , El‐Tanbouly Rasha , Elsaid Afaf M. , Elmoursi Lamiaa Z. , Elshazli Rami M. , Shoaib Rasha MS 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndothelin‐1 plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the contribution of theEDN1 (3A/4A; rs1800997)variant to the risk of nephrotic syndrome. This study involves 200 participants (100 healthy controls, 50 steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndromes [SSNS] patients, and 50 steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndromes [SRNS] patients]. Genomic DNA has been characterized using the PCR‐RFLP technique. The predominant genotype that is common in this study population was theEDN1 3A/3Agenotype (NS [75%] and healthy controls [88%]). The prevalence ofEDN1 3A/4Agenotype andEDN1 4Aallele was significantly increased among NS patients compared with healthy subjects (p‐value < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of theEDN1(3A/4A; rs1800997) variant was statistically significant among SRNS patients (p‐value < 0.05). TheEDN13A/4A genotype and theEDN14A allele were identified as independent risk factors of the nephrotic syndrome among children.
Enumeration of Latin squares with conjugate symmetry
Authors: McKay Brendan D. , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Latin square has six conjugate Latin squares obtained by uniformly permuting its (row, column, symbol) triples. We say that a Latin square has conjugate symmetry if at least two of its six conjugates are equal. We enumerate Latin squares with conjugate symmetry and classify them according to several common notions of equivalence. We also do similar enumerations under additional hypotheses, such as assuming the Latin square is reduced, diagonal, idempotent or unipotent. Our data corrected an error in earlier literature and suggested several patterns that we then found proofs for, including (1) the number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric idempotent Latin squares of order equals the number of isomorphism classes of semisymmetric unipotent Latin squares of order , and (2) suppose and are totally symmetric Latin squares of order . If and are paratopic then and are isomorphic.
Real‐time imaging and developmental biochemistry analysis during embryogenesis of Caridina pseudogracilirostris
Authors: Soundharapandiyan Nandhagopal , Thanumalayaperumal Subramoniam , Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on the real‐time imaging and developmental biochemistry of the freshwater caridean shrimp, Caridina pseudogracilirostris. The complete time‐lapse development of a single embryo was recorded in an artificial mold, developed in our lab, and imaged under a stereomicroscope. It took 8 days to complete the 5 stages of embryonic development (1 cleavage stage, 2 gastrulation stage, 3 nauplius stage, 4 prehatching embryo, and 5 zoea stages). As the decapod eggs are enriched with dense yolk, biochemical determination of the major components was made to evaluate the yolk utilization during embryogenesis. The concentration of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate declined drastically from Stage I (cleavage) to Stage IV (Zoea), reflecting sustained yolk utilization during embryogenesis. The increase in the size of the embryo correlates with changes in water content. Lipids, being the principal organic substrate, changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition of embryos during development were determined by GC. The FA composition was observed within the range of 25%–60.87% for saturated, 22.57%–56.45% for monounsaturated, and 5.64%–18.51% for total polyunsaturated FAs. The essential polyunsaturated fatty acid were higher in Stages I, IV, and V, suggesting a major role in embryogenesis. The cellular proliferation and organogenesis as visualized in the real‐time imaging correlate well with the biochemical variations observed in C. pseudogracilirostris.
Linking the quality of life index and the typology of European administrative units
Authors: Macků Karel , Voženílek Vít , Pászto Vít 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, research into the quality of life has been carried out by scientists and political organizations. This article follows the European Union's call for a multidimensional approach to research into the quality of life. The article puts forward a novel concept for the quality of life, based on key domains and their respective indicators, as described in the available statistical data. Using multidimensional statistical methods, a synthetic quality of life index is constructed on the basis of the defined quality of life indicators, and a typology of European NUTS 2 is proposed. Linking these outputs and the visualisation that identified the main European regions allows us to evaluate living conditions in the context of the quality of life indicators. The results of our study show that the selected data express the differences in the quality of life in European administrative units and reflect the different development of individual areas in the second half of the 20th century.
Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in health care workers
Authors: Benjamanukul Saovanee , Traiyan Sasiwimon , Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEffective vaccines are essential for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. CoronaVac, which is an inactivated virus vaccine, was the first imported COVID‐19 vaccine in Thailand. To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac within the Thai population, we conducted a prospective cohort study among health care workers aged 18–59 years, who received a 2‐dose regimen of CoronaVac 21 days apart between March and April 2021 at the hospital in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. We recruited 185 participants with a mean age of 32 years. Total antibodies against receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) against nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were tested. Total antibodies against RBD were negative before immunization. One volunteer was positive for N, although negative for the RBD antibodies. The seroconversion rate of total antibodies against RBD after the first CoronaVac dose was 67% with a Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of 1.98 U/ml. Following CoronaVac dose 2, the seroconversion rate increased to 100% with a GMC of 92.9 U/ml. The seroconversion rates of IgG against N protein were 1% after dose 1 and 62.8% after dose 2. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 59.5%. Injection‐site pain was the most common local adverse event (52.4%), while myalgia was the most common systemic adverse event (31.9%). No serious adverse events were observed. A 0–21 days, 2‐dose CoronaVac regimen appears safe, inducing a satisfactory response compared with convalescent serum obtained 4–6 weeks postnatural infection. Antibody responses after 2‐dose CoronaVac were comparable to the convalescent plasma but waned rapidly after 3 months. Therefore, we recommend 2‐dose CoronaVac administration with possible booster doses.
Raman spectra of deuterated hydrocarbons for labeling applications
Authors: Okotrub Konstantin A. , Shamaeva Daria V. , Surovtsev Nikolay V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is used for studying the composition of cell lipidome. However, the Raman approach suffers from limited distinguish power for different lipids. In recent years, isotopically labeled molecules are increasingly used to enhance the Raman resolution of similar compounds in biological samples. Here, we present Raman study of fully deuterated stearic acid (stearic‐d35), semi‐deuterated oleic acid (oleic d‐9), arachidonic acid with deuterated methine groups (arachidonic‐d8), and their hydrogenated analogs. Polarization properties and temperature dependences of CD stretching modes were investigated to reveal the capability of the isotopically shifted Raman peaks in molecular characterization. Sensitivity of Raman peaks to order–disorder transition corresponding was demonstrated for deuterated methine, methylene, and methyl groups. It was found that the isotopically shifted Raman peaks provide information about the orientation of deuterated Raman tags and their surroundings.
Advances in Field‐Assisted 3D Printing of Bio‐Inspired Composites: From Bioprototyping to Manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Xueli , Ren Luquan , Liu Qingping , Song Zhengyi , Wu Qian , He Yulin , Li Bingqian , Ren Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiocomposite systems evolve to superior structural strategies in adapting to their living environments, using limited materials to form functionality superior to their inherent properties. The synergy of physical‐field and Three‐dimensional （3D） printing technologies creates unprecedented opportunities that overcome the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods and enable the precise replication of bio‐enhanced structures. Here, an overview of typical structural designs in biocomposite systems, their functions and properties, are provided and the recent advances in bio‐inspired composites using mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and ultrasound‐field‐assisted 3D printing techniques are highlighted. Finally, in order to realize the preparation of bionic functional devices and equipment with more superior functions, here an outlook on the development of field‐assisted 3D printing technology from three aspects are provided: Materials, technology, and post‐processing.
Fully Reduced HMGB1‐Containing Peptide‐Based Polyurethane Scaffold with Minimal Functional Unit of Skin (MFUS) Enhances Large and Deep Wounded Skin Healing
Authors: Chang Peng , Li Shijie , Sun Qian , Guo Kai , Wang Heran , Li Song , Zhang Liming , Xie Yongbao , Zheng Xiongfei , Liu Yunhui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel peptide‐based polymer is developed by lysine‐diisocyanate (LDI), glycerol (Gly), and fully reduced HMGB1 (frHMGB1). This frHMGB1–LDI–Gly polymer either forms sponge‐like foam (scaffold) or a hydrogel or a film under different reaction conditions. It degrades into nontoxic lysine, glycerol, and frHMGB1. The hydrogel glues tissues together and the glued tissues have strong mechanical properties. The film and scaffold provide the suitable environment for enhancing cell proliferation by releasing frHMGB1. The scaffold carries 1 mm diameter of full‐thickness rat skin‐island as a minimal functional unit of skin (MFUS) to treat large full thickness skin wounds, and the hydrogel glues the MFUS and scaffold with skin edges together (MFUS+Scaffold group). The scaffold treated wounds (Scaffold group) heal much faster than the wounds either treated with MFUS (MFUS group) or without treatment (Wound group). The MFUS+Scaffold treated wound regenerates more functional full‐thickness skin with more hair follicles and sweat glands, higher CD146 and α‐smooth muscle actin levels, more blood vessels and collagen productions, and less scar tissues when compared to the other three groups. The results demonstrate that the combination of frHMGB1–LDI–Gly polymer with MFUS provides a new tissue engineering approach for large full‐thickness skin wound healing.
Taperedpost‐wallslotline antenna loaded with dielectric lens forshort‐pulseapplications
Authors: Yin Yifan , Yang Mei , Zhuang Ying , Li Shunli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn exponential tapered post‐wall slotline antenna loaded with dielectric lens is proposed and demonstrated. The theoretical profile of the loaded dielectric lens is derived, and its physical explanation is presented. Besides, the proposed post‐wall structure in the antenna ensures low available characteristic impedance as well as low cross‐polarization levels of the antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits an 18.12 GHz impedance bandwidth between 1.88 and 20 GHz and a peak gain of 10.9 dBi. The measured E‐plane and H‐plane cross‐polarization level is −37.0 and − 26.0 dB in boresight direction, respectively. Compared to the antenna without dielectric lens, the average gain of the proposed antenna increases by 3 dB from 14 to 20 GHz, and the pulse peak‐peak gain increases by 1.59 dB, and the tailing signal levels is about 0.35 dB lower.
Valvular regurgitation flow jet assessment using in vitro 4D flow MRI: Implication for mitral regurgitation
Authors: Lee Jeesoo , Gupta Aakash N. , Ma Liliana E. , Scott Michel B. , Mason O’Neil R. , Wu Erik , Thomas James D. , Markl Michael 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI for direct assessment of peak velocity, flow volume, and momentum of a mitral regurgitation (MR) flow jets using an in vitro pulsatile jet flow phantom. We systematically investigated the impact of spatial resolution and quantification location along the jet on flow quantities with Doppler ultrasound as a reference for peak velocity.MethodsFour‐dimensional flow MRI data of a pulsatile jet through a circular, elliptical, and 3D‐printed patient‐specific MR orifice model was acquired with varying spatial resolution (1.5–5 mm isotropic voxel). Flow rate and momentum of the jet were quantified at various axial distances (x = 0–50 mm) and integrated over time to calculate Voljet and MTIjet. In vivo assessment of Voljet and MTIjet was performed on 3 MR patients.ResultsPeak velocities were comparable to Doppler ultrasound (3% error, 1.5 mm voxel), but underestimated with decreasing spatial resolution (−40% error, 5 mm voxel). Voljet was similar to regurgitant volume (RVol) within 5 mm, and then increased linearly with the axial distance (19%/cm) because of flow entrainment. MTIjet remained steady throughout the jet (2%/cm) as theoretically predicted. Four and 9 voxels across the jet were required to measure flow volume and momentum‐time‐integral within 10% error, respectively.ConclusionFour‐dimensional flow MRI detected accurate peak velocity, flow rate, and momentum for in vitro MR‐mimicking flow jets. Spatial resolution significantly impacted flow quantitation, which otherwise followed predictions of flow entrainment and momentum conservation. This study provides important preliminary information for accurate in vivo MR assessment using 4D flow MRI.
Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among surgical nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic: A large‐scale cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ren Chunxia , Zhou Decun , Fan Yinguang , Li Baozhu , Zhang Wanfei , Shen Yun , Yu Shihui , Jiang Li , Yu Fengqiong , Duan Yongli , Peng Deqing , Cheng Xuehong , Wu Le , Wu Changhao , Ye Dongqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in surgical nurses during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Anhui, China.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multic'entre quantitative study was conducted among surgical nurses in Anhui province. SAS, SDS and SSRS scales were used for the investigation. Data were collected between 3 March 2020 to 19 March 2020.ResultsA total of 3,492 surgical nurses completed the survey. The average level of anxiety and depression of surgical nurses were higher than that of the Chinese norm. Levels of social support for surgical nurses were significantly negatively associated with the degree of anxiety and depression. Fertility status, participation in care for COVID‐19 patients, likelihood of being infected with COVID‐19 and social support were significantly influencing surgical nurses’ anxiety degree. Similarly, these characteristics were significantly associated with the odds of depression symptoms in surgical nurses.ConclusionThese findings suggest that targeted psychological interventions to promote mental health of surgical nurses need to be immediately implemented.
Imaging subsurface geological complexity (2D/3D) beneath the Greater Srinagar region of the Kashmir basin, Northwest Himalaya
Authors: Gupta S. Vishal , Parvez Imtiyaz A. , Khan Prosanta K. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTA high‐resolution microtremor measurement in Greater Srinagar city of the Kashmir valley has been analysed to image 2D and 3D subsurface geological complexities. This region is located in the highly seismogenic Himalayan belt and sits atop a deep sedimentary lake bed with a laterally varying thickness of soft sediments. Srinagar region is a major economic centre and the capital city of the Kashmir valley with 2 million inhabitants living at high seismic risk. To assess the subsurface complexity beneath the city, we present: (1) high‐resolution subsurface shear wave velocity Vs structure using the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio inversion; (2) shear wave velocity for top 30 metres of soil column (VS30) map with National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classification; (3) comparison of VS30 maps calculated from horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio inversion and topographic slope methods; and (4) azimuthal behaviour of horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio peaks, all of which unravel the subsurface spatial heterogeneity and suitability for the building of engineering structures in the study area. In addition, a new matlab code is applied to generate 3D subsurface Vs slices in the study region in different directions using its pre‐generated 2D Vs profile data. The presented potentiality of microtremor horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio technique in Srinagar region, which lies on the eastern edge of the basin with significant topographic irregularities, indicates an uneven distribution of local site effects (primary and secondary) in the case of strong ground motion. The comprehensive results can be promising in engineering analyses of local ground and structural responses in order to mitigate the impact of earthquake occurrence and seismic risk in the city and adjoining regions.
Self‐assembly of block copolymers for biological applications
Authors: Li Zili , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) has garnered much attention over the past several decades owing to an array of intriguing properties. In this perspective, recent advances in self‐assembly and applications of BCPs with different architectures are presented. First, the self‐assembly mechanism of BCPs and the general criteria to evaluate the assembled morphologies are introduced. Subsequently, the self‐assembly of linear, star‐like and bottlebrush‐like BCPs is discussed. In particular, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly for large‐scale preparation is highlighted. Afterwards, a rich diversity of applications of self‐assembled BCPs in drug delivery, bioimaging, molecular recognition and photothermal therapy are outlined. Finally, an outlook on larger‐scale production and implementation of self‐assembled BCPs for biological applications is noted. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Pathological narcissism: An analysis of interpersonal dysfunction within intimate relationships
Authors: Day Nicholas J. S. , Townsend Michelle L. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPathological narcissism is marked by deficits in psychosocial functioning. Difficulties in relationships include instances of aggression, devaluation and control; however, few studies have examined these relationships from the perspective of partners and family members. We studied participants who were in relationships with relatives high in narcissistic traits (N = 436; current romantic partners [57.3%]; former romantic partners [21.1%]; family members [15.4%]). Participant responses were analysed thematically, and their underlying mental health problems were also measured. Thematic analysis of participant responses indicated themes of abuse from the relative with narcissism (physical, verbal, emotional and sexual) as well as the relative imposing challenging financial and sexual behaviours. There were complex interpersonal themes of mutual idealization but also devaluation. In response, participants reported high levels of anxiety, depression, self‐aggression, sickness and somatic concerns. Further, participants expressed overt outward hostility towards their relative with narcissism, but also dependency strivings and frustrated dependency themes. Partners and their relative with narcissism appeared locked into interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamic conflicts. Clinical implications include specific attendance to alliance issues, dependency themes, and a focus on limit setting to establish personal safety.