bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 96% ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AGAINST MRSA (METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS)
Authors: SINAGA NURSANNA IRAWATY , HANAFI MUHAMMAD , YANTIH NOVI 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms, requiring the selection of the right drug to fight these organisms. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves as natural ingredients have MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to identify the chemical compounds and to determine the antibacterial activity from the 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against MRSA bacteria.
Methods: The Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% (v/v) ethanol. Mass spectrometry was performed on an LC-MS/MS Xevo, G2-XS QTof (Waters MS Technologies) to identified chemical compounds from the extract. The ionization type is ESI. The method of the antibacterial activity test was using agar paper disc diffusion. Antibacterial activity was based on the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone.
Results: The result of the antibacterial activity test for 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves a concentration of 10, 20, and 40 % each has inhibition diameter was 10, 13, and 15.5 mm, and for linezolid as a positive control at 30µg has diameter inhibition was 20 mm, ethanol 96% as a negative control was 0 mm. The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves contains 13-hydroxy-9,11-hexadecadienoic acid, 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, bistortaside, daturametelin H, digiprolactone, ephedradine C, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside,kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-7-O-α-L rhamnoside, phenyl propionic acid, pyrophaeophorbide A, quercetin, stearidonic acid, stigmastan-3,6-dione.
Conclusion: The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves contains 14 compounds. The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves have activity against MRSA bacteria. The antibacterial effect of the extract increased with an increase in its concentration. The extract exerted a greater antibacterial effect on the concentration 40%.
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR IN PURCHASING DECISIONS OF MEDICAL SERVICES PRODUCTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN PHARMACY
Authors: HANDONO BAYU DWI , SUMARYONO WAHONO , SARAGI SAHAT 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aims to analyze customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products and their effect on customer satisfaction at Kimia Farma Pharmacy, Bekasi Business Unit.
Methods: This research uses a quantitative study approach with a descriptive design. Samples or respondents totaled 312 people. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and agency documents.
Results: The results showed that the respondents' knowledge, attitudes and actions in self-medicated service products had quite good results. Respondents who have knowledge of self-medicated service products are 54.225%, 67% of respondents have good attitudes and 61% of actions. The results of data analysis show that the influence of customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products on customer satisfaction is 0.410 or the power of influence is 41.0%, the rest is influenced by other factors. While the influence of customer behavior on the decision to buy self-medicated service products is 0.347 or 34.7%, the rest is influenced by other factors.
Conclusion: Customer satisfaction is quite high which illustrates that Kimia Farma Pharmacy Bekasi Business Unit has tried to fulfill customer desires by providing adequate service.
TURMERIC EXTRACT POTENTIAL INHIBIT INFLAMMATORY MARKER IN LPS-STIMULATED MARCOPHAGE CELLS
Authors: WIDOWATI WAHYU , JASAPUTRA DIANA KRISANTI , GUNAWAN KAMILA YASHFA , KUSUMA HANNA SARI WIDYA , ARUMWARDANA SEILA , WAHYUNI CINTANI DEWI , LISTER I. NYOMAN EHRICH , GINTING CHRISMIS NOVALINDA , GIRSANG ERMI , RIZAL RIZAL 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Inflammation can be induced by microbiological, chemical, physical factors and plays roles in inflammatory diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been widely used to provide a diverse array of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, also antioxidant. The Turmeric extract (TE) anti-inflammatory potential was conducted using a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by inhibiting inflammatory mediators especially IL-6, PGE-2, IL-1β, COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS, also NO level.
Methods: The TE safe concentration in LPS-induced macrophage cell line was measured using MTS assay for further assay. The inflammatory markers (IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, NO) were measured using ELISA assay and NO by the nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. LPS induced inflammatory marker by increasing inflammatory marker (IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, NO).
Results: TE with 100 to 25 µg/ml, caused a significant reduction of cells viability, reaching only 30.27 % live cells. TE with lower concentrations (7.5; 5; 2.5 µg/ml) had no cytotoxic effect on macrophage cells (viability 117.31-131.08 %). LPS induction caused an increase in inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, PGE-2, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α as well as iNOS and NO. Turmeric extract caused the reduction of the inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The research resulted that TE has anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing IL-6, PGE-2, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and NO level on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
COMPARISON OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA)
Authors: NOFIANTI TITA , MUHTADI AHMAD , FIDRIANNY IRDA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Banana is a plant that grows in Indonesia and is widely consumed by Indonesian people. One of banana type is klutuk banana (Musa balbisiana Colla). There were many types of researches about klutuk banana for antidiabetic activity; however, antidiabetic activity of its peel and pulp are still unknown.
Methods: The objective of the study was to determine of antihyperglycemic activity of different parts of klutuk banana. Animals were divided into 15 groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg body weight (bw), and 12 sample groups. All animals were given 2 g/kg bw glucose monohydrate and blood glucose level was measured every 30 min for 120 min.
Results: The results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that KPE2 (klutuk peel extract 350 mg/kg bw) gave higher activity to decrease blood glucose level compared to the other groups at the minute of 30 (-24.83%; p. 0.00), 60 (-33.93%; p. 0.000), 90 (-46.29%; p. 0.000) and 120 (-35.44%; p. 0.000).
Conclusion: The klutuk peel extract has very strong antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic activity at a dose of 350 mg/kg bw.
SETTING TIME, FLOWABILITY, AND SOLUBILITY OF EPOXY RESIN-BASED SEALER MIXED WITH CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: RATIH DIATRI NARI , ENGGARDIPTA RARAS AJENG , KUSUMO ADI NUGROHO HENDRO , HADRIYANTO WIGNYO 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into epoxy resin-based sealer on its setting time, flowability and solubility.
Methods: This study was divided into three evaluations: setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers. Each study used 20 samples, which were divided into two groups. Group 1, epoxy resin-based sealers, and group 2, epoxy resin-based sealers mixed with chitosan nanoparticles. The Gilmore needle was used to observe the setting time, a simple press method based on ISO 6876 was employed to evaluate the flowability of the sealer, and the solubility test, which was according to ISO 6876 standard, was used to determine the solubility of sealers. The surface structure of the sealers before and after the solubility test was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from each study were analyzed by an unpaired t-test with a degree of significance of 95%.
Results: The results showed that the setting time of epoxy resin and epoxy resin incorporated with chitosan were 567±30.20 and 572.5±27.91 min, flowability was 25.06±0.89 and 23.18±1.06 mm, and solubility was 0.0051%±0.0016 and 0.0045%±0.0018, respectively. No significant difference occurred between epoxy resin-based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles in setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers (*P>0.05).
Conclusion: The incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles produced a similar effect in setting time, flowability, and solubility as the epoxy resin-based sealer. Thus, epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles had acceptable properties in setting time, flowability, and solubility based on ISO 6876 standards.
EMULSOMES FOR LIPOPHILIC ANTICANCER DRUG DELIVERY: DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE KINETIC STUDY
Authors: DUBEY S. , VYAS S. P. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and characterize paclitaxel (Ptx) loaded sterically stabilized emulsomes to provide non-toxic and biocompatible carriers with high Ptx loading efficiency.
Methods: Plain (P-Es) and sterically stabilized emulsomes (SS-Es) were prepared by a modified solvent evaporation method using tristearin as solid lipid and optimized for lipid to (DSPC+CHOL+DSPE-PEG)/ tristearin ratio, lipid/lipid-PEG (DSPC+CHOL/DSPE-PEG) molar ratio, solid lipid concentration, phospholipid concentration, organic to aqueous phase volume and homogenization time based on their effect particle size and entrapment efficiency. Optimized emulsomes were characterized for morphological features, in vitro drug release kinetics and protection from plasma protein.
Results: The emulsomes so formed were uniform in size with a mean particle diameter of 275±5.52 and 195±6.4 nm for P-Es and SS-Es respectively. All the formulations showed pH dependent drug release with a slow and sustained release profile. Slower drug release was observed from sterically stabilized emulsomes than the plain emulsomes. The drug release profile followed the Higuchi model with the Fickian diffusion pattern. The Pegylation of emulsomes significantly reduced the in vitro protein absorption.
Conclusion: The sterically stabilized emulsome can serve as a novel non-toxic platform with longer circulatory time for the delivery of Paclitaxel and other poorly water-soluble drugs as well.
The THE ANTICHOLESTEROL ACTIVITY OF BETULINIC ACID AND STIGMASTEROL ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF SUNGKAI (PARONEMA CANESCENS JACK)
Authors: MUHARNI MUHARNI , FERLINAHAYATI FERLINAHAYATI , YOHANDINI HENI , RIYANTI FAHMA , PAKPAHAN NADYA ANASTASIA PRESCILLA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticholesterol activity of Paronema canescens leaves extract.
Methods: These compounds were isolated via chromatography using silica gel as the stationary phase. Their structures were revealed using IR and 1D NMR data and by comparing their NMR data with the literature's data. The anticholesterol activity of compounds was tested using photometry via the Liebermann–Burchard reaction.
Results: Betulinic acid (1) and stigmasterol (2) were isolated from the leaves extracts of sungkai (P. canescens). The betulinic acid (1) that was isolated showed anticholesterol activity with an IC50 value of 60.53 µg/ml, stigmasterol (2) 222.32 µg/ml, while the standard anticholesterol compound simvastatin had an IC50 of 24.68 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The stigmasterol (2) has previously been reported from P. canescens while that of betulinic acid (1) is reported here for the first time and identifies its anticholesterol activity.
TREATMENT MODALITIES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC THROUGH REPURPOSED DRUGS AND STATUS OF VACCINES
Authors: HUSSSAIN MD SADIQUE , MOHIT  , PAMMA PARUL , KUMARI BABY 
Published: March 2021

Respiratory diseases are the leading source of morbidity and death for millions around the world of all ages. A 2019 coronavirus outbreak has occurred in China and is spread quickly throughout nearly all across the world. To introduce prevention measures that have contributed to a sudden upturn in the rate of cases around the globe, several nations responded too late. It has prompted nations to close the borders, halted companies, kept people inside their homes, and numerous other measures to prevent their spread.
We systematically searched on Google scholar, PubMed, LitCovid, and MedRxiv using the search terms coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, and vaccine for published articles. Present or performed clinical studies were found on the ClinicalTrials. gov, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and the International Clinical Trial Registry site using the disease searches phrase coronavirus infection.
Many repurposed drugs, including antivirals, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and others, were found to be effective against the novel COVID-19. Governments, private firms, researchers, and non-profit organizations are working hard to create a COVID-19 vaccine.
In addition to the new medicines and old drug clinical testing, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines must also be designed and developed. Moreover, positive news in the development of vaccines suggests that new vaccines will be available on the market soon and a bowl of immunity against this virus can be established, thus limiting the spread and eradication of this deadly virus from the surface of the world as with so many viruses.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES LOADED HYDROGEL FOR BURNS
Authors: KUMAR ASHISH , PANDIT VINAY , NAGAICH UPENDRA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The present study focuses on the development and optimization of copper nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded hydrogel for the treatment of dermal burn injuries.
Methods: CNPs gel was prepared by dispersing the variable concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in distilled water, PEG 400, and copper nanoparticles. factor screening study was performed for identification of influential factors, followed by optimization study using three-factor Box-Behnken design.
Results: Optimized nanogel formulation, when compared to normal control (NC), shows a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 = 39.74 % and TNF-α =49.37%) and increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 = 30.90%), indicating reduced inflammation. Further, the wound closure rate of CNPs gel shows significant (12.27 %) wound closure as compared to the NC group and complete wound closure (100 %) on the 14th day, indicating accelerated wound healing.
Conclusion: the present investigation endorses accelerated scar-free, accelerated wound healing potential of copper nanoparticles gel with anti-inflammatory potential.
AUTHENTICATION OF SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) FAT WITH GC-MS (GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY) COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: GUNTARTI ANY , NINGRUM KARINA PRIMATYAS , GANDJAR IBNU GHOLIB , SALAMAH NINA 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Misuse of rat meat as food worried people. Rat meat can come from research waste; one of the rats used in the research was the Sprague Dawley. Analysis of rat meat in food can be done using fat. The aim of this study was to authenticate rat fat with GC-MS combined with chemometrics.
Methods: The meat of Sprague Dawley rats, wild boar, goats, cow, and processed meatballs was put in the oven at 90-100 °C for±one hour, then derivatized with BF3 and NaOH in methanol to get the methyl ester for injected in GC-MS instrument. The results obtained were in the form of chromatograms and spectrograms. The data was processed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to grouping rat's meat with others (wild boars, goats, cows, and processed meatballs).
Results: Rat meat fatty acid analysis results with GC-MS were obtained oleate (43.32±1.43)%, linolenate (32.24±1.46)%, palmitate (19.75±0.09)%, palmitoleate (1.14±0.06)%, stearate (0.26±0.01)%, myristate(0.18±0.01)%, margarate (0.15±0.02)%, and pentadecanoate (0.14±0.01)%. The PCA chemometrics results showed that rat meats had scores that close to cows, which meant they had similar fatty acid composition.
Conclusion: The GC-MS method, combined with PCA chemometrics, tested rat fat with other animals and processed meatballs samples on the market.
Using secondary raw materials in construction of buildings with account taken of environmental standards
Authors: Sukhinina Elena A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The article addresses the problem of irrational treatment of solid municipal, production and consumption waste in Russia, as well as the prospects of using secondary raw materials in the construction of buildings. The research is focused on environmental standards, environmental certification systems in the construction industry, as well as recycled materials. The study encompasses the construction of buildings using recycled materials, taking into account the requirements set in environmental standards.
Materials and methods. The article presents several types of secondary raw materials and an overview of sustainable approaches to the construction of buildings using recycled materials in Russia and abroad. Most widely spread construction technologies, used to build houses using secondary raw materials, are described. An environmentally friendly facility constructed in Russia using secondary raw materials is described as an illustration.
Results. The state of the Russian legislative framework governing the treatment of solid municipal, construction, and consumption waste and the requirements of international and Russian environmental standards applicable to buildings are analyzed. The percent ratio of waste management actions is determined in relation to other requirements set by environmental certification systems applicable to real estate items.
Conclusions. A new classification of construction products made of secondary raw materials is presented. Conclusions are made about the feasibility of reusing solid household, industrial and consumption waste in the construction industry. The need to revise environmental standards in Russia is identified. The Russian environmental standards should have a larger number of criteria determining the rational treatment of solid municipal, construction, and consumption waste as well as the use of products made of secondary raw materials.
ROLE OF AMBROXOL AS A PROPHYLACTIC AGENT AGAINST COVID-19
Authors: Baraka Azza M. , El-Hadidy Wessam F. 
Published: March 2021

Currently the world is facing a pandemic disease, namely Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As finding recent drugs targeting COVID-19 will take a long time, so repositioning currently existing FDA approved drugs for treating this disastrous disease is an acceptable solution. It has been found that for SARS-CoV-2 to be infective, this necessitates splitting of the viral spike glycoproteins by the serine protease “type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2” that has shown to be widely expressed in pulmonary tissues. Thus, TMPRSS2 is suggested to be potential target for antiviral drug design against COVID-19. The mucokinetic drug “Ambroxol” has been reported as a potent inhibitor of TMPRSS2, thus it could represent a therapeutic as well as a prophylactic candidate against SARS-CoV2. This review gives a brief summary about ambroxol’s potential role against COVID-19’s TMPRSS2.

Peer Review History:
Received 8 January 2021; Revised 5 February; Accepted 25 February, Available online 15 March 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conyeji@oauife.edu.ng
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
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Racismo, colonialidade e descolonização do currículo formal: duas experiências no chão da escola e a fuga de uma história única
Authors: Café Lucas Santos 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o racismo e a história única que impera na educação brasileira, a partir de uma discussão teórica sobre duas experiências vividas pelo pesquisador, como professor negro, em duas escolas de diferentes regiões brasileiras: Escola Quilombola Colégio Estadual Onildo Raimundo de Cristo/BA e o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato – Campus Primavera do Leste/MT. Apesar de apresentarem histórias e trajetórias distintas, de serem projetadas para públicos diferentes, procedeu-se à reflexão sobre aquilo que essas escolas têm em comum, que é urgência da descolonização do currículo formal, das práticas educativas e pedagógicas, em favor de um fazer decolonial radical, preparado para lidar com as necessidades de uma educação antirracista que dialogue com as demandas reais da sociedade brasileira. Concluiu-se que é premente a necessidade de superar a colonialidade existente na educação, promovendo um fazer decolonial que possa ser construído para além de uma história única.
A promoção da atenção e da memória por meio da Cinoterapia
Authors: Potgurski Dayane Stephanie , Weber Fernanda Celeste Sánchez , Camargo Renata Gomes , Diniz Camilla Fernandes , Sarzi Luana Zimmer , Pizzolotto Maria Beatriz Paludo 
Published: March 2021

O conceito de Cinoterapia está relacionado a atividades, a educação e a terapia mediada por cães, nas quais se baseiam as práticas desenvolvidas no projeto “Proposta de atividades mediadas por animais no Colégio de Aplicação” CA/UFSC. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os benefícios para a qualificação da atenção e da memória, por meio de duas ações mediadas pelo cão, realizadas em 2019. Este artigo segue a abordagem qualitativa, os dados contidos nos registros das atividades em diário de campo foram interpretados com base na Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). As práticas analisadas ilustram os benefícios da Cinoterapia para a qualificação das Funções Executivas, em especial, da atenção e memória, favorecidas pela interação com o cão. Assim, verifica-se que essa interação se desenvolve como principal fator instigante de tal qualificação.