bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dental maturity in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis
Authors: Choi Tsun M , Kramer Gem J C , Goos Jacqueline A C , Mathijssen Irene M J , Wolvius Eppo B , Ongkosuwito Edwin M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether dental maturity (dental development) was delayed in patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis, compared with a Dutch control group without syndromes.

Materials and methods
This study included 60 patients (38 patients with Muenke syndrome, 17 patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and 5 with TCF12-related craniosynostosis), aged 5.8–16.8 years that were treated at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, in Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Dental age was calculated according to Demirjian’s index of dental maturity. The control group included 451 children without a syndrome.

Results
Compared with the control group, dental development was delayed by an average of one year in 5- to 8-year-old patients with Muenke syndrome (P = 0.007) and in 8- to 10-year-old patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (P = 0.044), but not in patients with TCF12-related craniosynostosis.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that dental development was delayed by one year, on average, in patients with Muenke syndrome and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, compared with a Dutch control group without syndromes.

Implications
Our findings have improved the understanding of dental development in patients with Muenke and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. These results can provide guidance on whether the orthodontist needs to consider growth disturbances related to dental development.
Does planning before writing help? Options for pre-task planning in the teaching of writing
Authors: Ellis Rod 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An important issue in the teaching of writing is whether students should prepare a plan before they start writing. Teacher guides generally recommend pre-task planning (PTP) but with provisos. Research that has investigated PTP, however, does not lend unconditional support to PTP. This article takes a look at the research and draws from it a number of options that teachers of L2 writing can consider when deciding whether and how to undertake PTP in their own teaching context.
The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in surface water sources in Lebanon
Authors: Moussa Jennifer , Abboud Edmond , Tokajian Sima 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water in Lebanon is a growing concern and understanding the mechanisms of the spread of resistance determinants is essential. We aimed at studying the occurrence of resistant bacteria and determinants in surface water sources in Lebanon and understanding their mobilization and transmission. Water samples were collected from five major rivers in Lebanon. A total of 91 isolates were recovered by incubating at 37°C on Blood and MacConkey agar out of which 25 were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and accordingly were further characterized. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common identified MDR isolates. Conjugation assays coupled with in silico plasmid analysis were performed and validated using PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) to identify and confirm incompatibility groups and the localization of β-lactamase encoding genes. Escherichia coli EC23 carried a blaNDM-5 gene on a conjugative, multireplicon plasmid, while blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B were detected in the majority of the MDR isolates. Different sequence types (STs)were identified including the highly virulent E. coli ST131. Our results showed a common occurrence of bacterial contaminants in surface water and an increase in the risk for the dissemination of resistance determinants exacerbated with the ongoing intensified population mobility in Lebanon and the widespread lack of wastewater treatment.
Global South Leaders and Foreign Policy: The Acceptability Constraint and Transnational Considerations in the Decision Context
Authors: Grove Andrea K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForeign Policy Analysis research documents that foreign policy decisions have internal and external influences. In the Global South (GS), interests and identities are transnational in nature. The acceptability heuristic from poliheuristic (PH) theory is the jumping-off point for exploring this idea. Leaders reject policy choices that risk political loss. Key concepts from GS scholarship offer insight into the unrecognized transnational nature of two of PH theory's acceptability considerations, regime survival, and legitimacy. Leaders judge how a policy protects regime survival and legitimacy based on ideas about threats and constituents. Foreign policy paths are understood by investigating the transnational strategies they use to address regime security and legitimacy concerns. The strategy concept developed in previous work is applied to Museveni's Uganda. We see GS leaders evaluate but also create acceptability by engaging in intermestic policy driven by these transnational concerns. They also manipulate more powerful states, increasing their significance beyond expectations.
Genetic analysis argues for a coactivator function for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tup1 corepressor
Authors: Parnell Emily J , Parnell Timothy J , Stillman David J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Tup1-Cyc8 corepressor complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is recruited to promoters by DNA-binding proteins to repress transcription of genes, including the a-specific mating-type genes. We report here a tup1(S649F) mutant that displays mating irregularities and an α-predominant growth defect. RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq were used to analyze gene expression and Tup1 occupancy changes in mutant vs wild type in both a and α cells. Increased Tup1(S649F) occupancy tended to occur upstream of upregulated genes, whereas locations with decreased occupancy usually did not show changes in gene expression, suggesting this mutant not only loses corepressor function but also behaves as a coactivator. Based upon studies demonstrating a dual role of Tup1 in both repression and activation, we postulate that the coactivator function of Tup1(S649F) results from diminished interaction with repressor proteins, including α2. We also found that large changes in mating-type-specific gene expression between a and α or between mutant and wild type were not easily explained by the range of Tup1 occupancy levels within their promoters, as predicted by the classic model of a-specific gene repression by Tup1. Most surprisingly, we observed Tup1 occupancy upstream of the a-specific gene MFA2 and the α-specific gene MF(ALPHA)1 in cells in which each gene was expressed rather than repressed. These results, combined with the identification of additional mating-related genes upregulated in the tup1(S649F) α strain, illustrate that the role of Tup1 in distinguishing mating types in yeast appears to be both more comprehensive and more nuanced than previously appreciated.
The Y chromosome and its impact on health and disease
Authors: Wilson Melissa A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Y chromosome is the most gene-deficient chromosome in the human genome (though not the smallest chromosome) and has largely been sequestered away from large-scale studies of the effects of genetics on human health. Here I review the literature, focusing on the last 2 years, for recent evidence of the role of the Y chromosome in protecting from or contributing to disease. Although many studies have focused on Y chromosome gene copy number and variants in fertility, the role of the Y chromosome in human health is now known to extend too many other conditions including the development of multiple cancers and Alzheimer’s disease. I further include the discussion of current technology and methods for analyzing Y chromosome variation. The true role of the Y chromosome and associated genetic variants in human disease will only become clear when the Y chromosome is integrated into larger studies of human genetic variation, rather than being analyzed in isolation.
A Participatory Approach for Balancing Accuracy and Complexity in Modeling Resilience and Robustness
Authors: O'Donnell Frances C , Atkinson Carla L , Frischer Marc E 
Published: July 2021

SynopsisRobustness and resilience are widely used in the biological sciences and related disciplines to describe how systems respond to change. Robustness is the ability to tolerate change without adapting or moving to another state. Resilience refers to the ability for a system to sustain a perturbation and maintain critical functions. Robustness and resilience transcend levels of biological organization, though they do not scale directly across levels. We live in an era of novel stressors and unprecedented change, including climate change, emerging environmental contaminants, and changes to the Earth's biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. We envision a common framework for developing models to predict the robustness and resilience of biological functions associated with complex systems that can transcend disciplinary boundaries. Conceptual and quantitative models of robustness and resilience must consider cross-scale interactions of potentially infinite complexity, but it is impossible to capture everything within a single model. Here, we discuss the need to balance accuracy and complexity when designing models, data collection, and downstream analyses to study robustness and resilience. We also consider the difficulties in defining the spatiotemporal domain when studying robustness and resilience as an emergent property of a complex system. We suggest a framework for implementing transdisciplinary research on robustness and resilience of biological systems that draws on participatory stakeholder engagement methods from the fields of conservation and natural resources management. Further, we suggest that a common, simplified model development framework for describing complex biological systems will provide new, broadly relevant educational tools. Efficient interdisciplinary collaboration to accurately develop a model of robustness and resilience would enable rapid, context-specific assessment of complex biological systems with benefits for a broad range of societally relevant problems.
Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 2b, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Dose-Finding Study
Authors: Savitz Adam , Wajs Ewa , Zhang Yun , Xu Haiyan , Etropolski Mila , Thase Michael E , Drevets Wayne C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Seltorexant, a selective antagonist of human orexin-2 receptors, demonstrated antidepressant effects in a previous exploratory study in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods
To replicate and extend this observation, a double-blind, adaptive dose-finding study was performed in patients with MDD who had an inadequate response to 1–3 selective serotonin/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in the current episode. Patients were randomized (2:1:1) to placebo or seltorexant (20 mg or 40 mg) once-daily, administered adjunctively to the antidepressant the patient had been receiving at screening. After an interim analysis (6 weeks post-randomization of 160th patient), newly recruited patients randomly received (3:3:1) placebo or seltorexant 10 mg or 20 mg; the 40-mg dose was no longer assigned. Patients were stratified by baseline Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores (ISI ≥ 15 vs &lt; 15). The primary endpoint was change from baseline Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at week 6.

Results
Mixed-Model for Repeated Measures analysis showed a greater improvement in MADRS total score in the seltorexant 20-mg group vs placebo at weeks 3 and 6; least-square means difference (90% CI): −4.5 (−6.96; −2.07), P = .003; and −3.1 (−6.13; −0.16), P = .083, respectively. The improvement in MADRS score at week 6 for seltorexant 20 mg was greater in patients with baseline ISI ≥ 15 vs those with ISI &lt; 15; least-square means difference (90% CI) vs placebo: −4.9 (−8.98; −0.80) and −0.7 (−5.16; 3.76), respectively. The most common (≥5%) adverse events with seltorexant were somnolence, headache, and nausea.

Conclusions
A clinically meaningful reduction of depressive symptoms was observed for seltorexant 20 mg. In the subset of patients with sleep disturbance (ISI ≥ 15), a larger treatment difference between seltorexant 20 mg and placebo was observed, warranting further investigation. No new safety signal was identified.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03227224

Previous presentation
Poster presented at 58th Annual Meeting of American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), December 8–11, 2019, Orlando, FL.
Semisimplicity and Indecomposable Objects in Interpolating Partition Categories
Authors: Flake Johannes , Maassen Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study Karoubian tensor categories, which interpolate representation categories of families of the so-called easy quantum groups in the same sense in which Deligne’s interpolation categories $\ensuremath {\mathop {\textrm {\underline {Rep}}}}(S_t)$ interpolate the representation categories of the symmetric groups. As such categories can be described using a graphical calculus of partitions, we call them interpolating partition categories. They include $\ensuremath {\mathop {\textrm {\underline {Rep}}}}(S_t)$ as a special case and can generally be viewed as subcategories of the latter. Focusing on semisimplicity and descriptions of the indecomposable objects, we prove uniform generalisations of results known for special cases, including $\ensuremath {\mathop {\textrm {\underline {Rep}}}}(S_t)$ or Temperley–Lieb categories. In particular, we identify those values of the interpolation parameter, which correspond to semisimple and non-semisimple categories, respectively, for all the so-called group-theoretical easy quantum groups. A crucial ingredient is an abstract analysis of certain subobject lattices developed by Knop, which we adapt to categories of partitions. We go on to prove a parametrisation of the indecomposable objects in all interpolating partition categories for non-zero interpolation parameters via a system of finite groups, which we associate to any partition category, and which we also use to describe the associated graded rings of the Grothendieck rings of these interpolation categories.
3D adaptive internal multiples modeling based on globally optimised Fourier finite-difference method
Authors: Huang Jiandong , Hu Tianyue , Zhu Chenghong , Wei Zhefeng , Xie Fei , Liu Tao , Xiao Yanjun , An Shengpei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Numerical methods have been widely applied to simulate seismic wave propagation. However, few studies have focused on internal multiples modeling. The formation mechanism and response of internal multiples are still unclear. Therefore, we develop a weighted-optimised-based internal multiples simulation method under 3D conditions. Using a one-way wave equation and full-wavefield method, the different-order internal multiples are computed numerically in a recursive manner. The traditional Fourier finite-difference (FFD) method has low numerical accuracy in a horizontal direction. A globally optimised FFD (OFFD) method is used to improve the lateral propagation accuracy of the seismic waves. Meanwhile, we adopt an adaptive variable-step technique to improve computational efficiency. The 3D internal multiples modeling technique is capable of calculating the different-order multiple reflections in complex structures. We use the present method to simulate internal multiples in several models. Theoretical analyses are consistent with the numerical results. Numerical examples demonstrate that the 3D internal multiples modeling technique has superior performance when adapting to lateral velocity changes and steep dip. This also implies that our method is fit for the simulation of internal multiples propagation in a 3D complex medium and can assist in identifying the internal multiples from full-wavefield data.
Hospital volume and 5-year survival in head and neck cancer patients in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Koyama Shihoko , Tabuchi Takahiro , Okawa Sumiyo , Taniyama Yukari , Nakata Kayo , Morishima Toshitaka , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Few previous studies have examined the relationship between hospital volume and hazard of death for head and neck cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between hospital volume and 5-year survival from diagnosis among head and neck cancer patients.

Methods
Using data from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry, hospital volume was divided into three volume groups according to the number of head and neck cancer treatments identified between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the association between hospital volume and 5-year survival among 3069 patients aged 0–79 using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for characteristics of patients.

Results
Compared with head and neck cancer patients in high-hospital volume, patients treated in middle- and low-hospital volume were found to have a higher risk of death (middle-hospital volume: hazard ratio = 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.46, low-hospital volume: hazard ratio = 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.46).

Conclusions
We found a significantly higher risk of hazard of death in middle- and low-hospital volume than in high-hospital volume for head and neck cancer.
The transcription factor PagLBD3 contributes to the regulation of secondary growth in Populus
Authors: Han Zhen , Yang Tong , Guo Ying , Cui Wen-Hui , Yao Li-Juan , Li Gang , Wu Ai-Min , Li Ji-Hong , Liu Li-Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that participate in regulating various developmental processes. In this study, we genetically characterized PagLBD3 encoding an important regulator of secondary growth in poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). Overexpression of PagLBD3 increased stem secondary growth in Populus with a significantly higher rate of cambial cell differentiation into phloem, while dominant repression of PagLBD3 significantly decreased the rate of cambial cell differentiation into phloem. Furthermore, we identified 1756 PagLBD3 genome-wide putative direct target genes (DTGs) through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-coupled DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP-seq) assays. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that genes regulated by PagLBD3 were enriched in biological pathways regulating meristem development, xylem development, and auxin transport. Several central regulator genes for vascular development, including PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY), WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4), Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain 1s (SND1-B2), and Vascular-Related NAC-Domain 6s (VND6-B1), were identified as PagLBD3 DTGs. Together, our results indicate that PagLBD3 and its DTGs form a complex transcriptional network to modulate cambium activity and phloem/xylem differentiation.
Jasmonate inhibits adventitious root initiation through repression of CKX1 and activation of RAP2.6L transcription factor in Arabidopsis
Authors: Dob Asma , Lakehal Abdellah , Novak Ondrej , Bellini Catherine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a de novo organogenesis process that enables plants to propagate clonally and cope with environmental stresses. Adventitious root initiation (ARI) is controlled by interconnected transcriptional and hormonal networks, but there is little knowledge of the genetic and molecular programs orchestrating these networks. Thus, we have applied genome-wide transcriptome profiling to elucidate the transcriptional reprogramming events preceding ARI. These reprogramming events are associated with the down-regulation of cytokinin (CK) signaling and response genes, which could be triggers for ARI. Interestingly, we found that CK free base (iP, tZ, cZ, and DHZ) content declined during ARI, due to down-regulation of de novo CK biosynthesis and up-regulation of CK inactivation pathways. We also found that MYC2-dependent jasmonate (JA) signaling inhibits ARI by down-regulating the expression of the CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1 (CKX1) gene. We also demonstrated that JA and CK synergistically activate expression of the transcription factor RELATED to APETALA2.6 LIKE (RAP2.6L), and constitutive expression of this transcription factor strongly inhibits ARI. Collectively, our findings reveal that previously unknown genetic interactions between JA and CK play key roles in ARI.
Improving Self-Confidence of Military Medical Providers With Joint Procedure Simulation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mank Victoria m.f , Arter Zhaohui , Mank Jeffrey , Eum Ki Suk , Roberts Jefferson 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionMilitary medical providers are a unique population that encounter different environments across the world. From hospital clinics to war zones, these providers must perform procedures and rely on their training and skill to help their patients. This pilot study aimed to assess the self-confidence of military medical providers performing joint aspiration and injection before and after a simulation workshop in both clinical and austere settings.MethodsIn 2016, 25 military physicians from various military facilities participated in a 1-hour knee arthrocentesis and injection and shoulder injection workshop. Education was provided on the knee and shoulder anatomy and various approaches to performing the procedures before the hands-on portion of the workshop. Surveys assessing self-reported confidence levels by performing the procedures in the clinic and austere settings were completed before and after simulation training.ResultsThe results were analyzed and grouped based on the provider experience level, simulation environment, and specific procedure performed. There was a statistical significance seen in the shoulder arthrocentesis group, which included all participating providers, with a P-value of &lt;.01 in the clinic setting and a P-value of &lt;.001 in the austere setting. In the knee aspiration simulation, there were also improvements in the provider confidence, but it was not statistically significant with P-values of .36 and .14 in the clinical and austere settings, respectively.ConclusionSimulation training can lead to increased medical provider self-confidence in performing musculoskeletal joint aspirations and injections in both clinic and austere settings. The military medicine demographics have had little research in joint injections and provider confidence to date. This pilot study was one of the first to evaluate this unique population. The methods used in this study, and the positive data collected on provider confidence, can be used in larger studies, encompassing other medical providers to increase the confidence of providers throughout various fields of medicine.
Molinism: Explaining our Freedom Away
Authors: Climenhaga Nevin , Rubio Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Molinists hold that there are contingently true counterfactuals about what agents would do if put in specific circumstances, that God knows these prior to creation, and that God uses this knowledge in choosing how to create. In this essay we critique Molinism, arguing that if these theses were true, agents would not be free. Consider Eve’s sinning upon being tempted by a serpent. We argue that if Molinism is true, then there is some set of facts that fully explains both Eve’s action and everything else Eve does that influences that action; and that if this is the case, Eve does not act freely. The first premise of this argument follows from the explanatory relations the Molinist is committed to, and the second premise follows from libertarian intuitions about free will.