bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised hadronic SUEP at the LHC
Authors: Barron Jared , Curtin David , Kasieczka Gregor , Plehn Tilman , Spourdalakis Aris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Confining dark sectors with pseudo-conformal dynamics produce SUEPs, or Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns, at colliders: isotropic dark hadrons with soft and democratic energies. We target the experimental nightmare scenario, SUEPs in exotic Higgs decays, where all dark hadrons decay promptly to SM hadrons. First, we identify three promising observables: the charged particle multiplicity, the event ring isotropy, and the matrix of geometric distances between charged tracks. Their patterns can be exploited through a cut-and-count search, supervised machine learning, or an unsupervised autoencoder. We find that the HL-LHC will probe exotic Higgs branching ratios at the per-cent level, even without a detailed knowledge of the signal features. Our techniques can be applied to other SUEP searches, especially the unsupervised strategy, which is independent of overly specific model assumptions and the corresponding precision simulations.
Radiation Exposure During Diagnostic and Therapeutic Angiography of Carotid-cavernous Fistula
Authors: Opitz Marcel , Alatzides Georgios , Zensen Sebastian , Bos Denise , Wetter Axel , Guberina Nika , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Wrede Karsten H. , Hagenacker Tim , Li Yan , Wanke Isabel , Forsting Michael , Deuschl Cornelius 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) during endovascular diagnostics and therapy of carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF).

Methods
In a retrospective study design, DRLs, achievable dose (AD) and mean values were assessed for all patients with CCF undergoing diagnostic angiography (I) or embolization (II). All procedures were performed with the flat-panel angiography system Allura Xper (Philips Healthcare). Interventional procedures were differentiated according to the type of CCF and the type of procedure.

Results
In total, 86 neurointerventional procedures of 48 patients with CCF were executed between February 2010 and July 2021. The following DRLs, AD and mean values could be determined: (I) DRL 215 Gy ∙ cm2, AD 169 Gy ∙ cm2, mean 165 Gy ∙ cm2; (II) DRL 350 Gy ∙ cm2, AD 226 Gy ∙ cm2, mean 266 Gy ∙ cm2. Dose levels of embolization were significantly higher compared to diagnostic angiography (p < 0.001). No significant dose difference was observed with respect to the type of fistula or the embolization method.

Conclusion
This article reports on diagnostic and therapeutic DRLs in the management of CCF that could serve as a benchmark for the national radiation protection authorities. Differentiation by fistula type or embolization method does not seem to be useful.
The second-generation antipsychotic drug aripiprazole modulates the serotonergic system in pancreatic islets and induces beta cell dysfunction in female mice
Authors: Grajales Diana , Vázquez Patricia , Ruíz-Rosario Mónica , Tudurí Eva , Mirasierra Mercedes , Ferreira Vítor , Hitos Ana B. , Koller Dora , Zubiaur Pablo , Cigudosa Juan C. , Abad-Santos Francisco , Vallejo Mario , Quesada Iván , Tirosh Boaz , Leibowitz Gil , Valverde Ángela M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs have been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different SGA drugs, olanzapine and aripiprazole, on metabolic state and islet function and plasticity.

Methods
We analysed the functional adaptation of beta cells in 12-week-old B6;129 female mice fed an olanzapine- or aripiprazole-supplemented diet (5.5–6.0 mg kg−1 day−1) for 6 months. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and indirect calorimetry were performed at the end of the study. The effects of SGAs on beta cell plasticity and islet serotonin levels were assessed by transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence. Insulin secretion was assessed by static incubations and Ca2+ fluxes by imaging techniques.

Results
Treatment of female mice with olanzapine or aripiprazole for 6 months induced weight gain (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), glucose intolerance (p<0.01) and impaired insulin secretion (p<0.05) vs mice fed a control chow diet. Aripiprazole, but not olanzapine, induced serotonin production in beta cells vs controls, likely by increasing tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) expression, and inhibited Ca2+ flux. Of note, aripiprazole increased beta cell size (p<0.05) and mass (p<0.01) vs mice fed a control chow diet, along with activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/S6 signalling, without preventing beta cell dysfunction.

Conclusions/interpretation
Both SGAs induced weight gain and beta cell dysfunction, leading to glucose intolerance; however, aripiprazole had a more potent effect in terms of metabolic alterations, which was likely a result of its ability to modulate the serotonergic system. The deleterious metabolic effects of SGAs on islet function should be considered while treating patients as these drugs may increase the risk for development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Toward cost-efficient tolerancing of 3D-printed parts: a novel methodology for the development of tolerance-cost models for fused layer modeling
Authors: Roth Martin , Schaechtl Paul , Giesert Andreas , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTolerance allocation methods significantly contribute to the qualification of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for (small-)series production ensuring high performance and efficiency. However, their usage prerequisites the availability of quantitative, reliable information on the impact of the assigned tolerances on the resulting manufacturing costs. The given article proposes a novel methodology for the systematic development of tolerance-cost curves for a cost-efficient tolerancing of 3D-printed parts. The proposed structured workflow aims at serving as a general guideline for both researchers and practitioners, while the exemplarily chosen perspective from Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) illustrates its adaption to a specific AM technology. The indirect, non-apparent interrelations between tolerances and resulting costs are modelled with the aid of an activity-based cost model, whereas the individual costs elements are mapped as function of the values for the machine-specific process parameters for AM, e.g., layer height or printing speed, which are required to achieve the assigned design tolerances. The total procedure covers all relevant steps, viz. the identification and quantification of the single cost items, the design of benchmark artifacts, adapted to given manufacturing and measuring techniques, the empirical determination of data on cost and geometrical accuracy by design of experiments and tolerance-cost curves. Its exemplary application to an academic use case shows its general applicability and benefits, but also its current limitations.
Mouse innate-like B-1 lymphocytes promote inhaled particle-induced in vitro granuloma formation and inflammation in conjunction with macrophages
Authors: Hiéronimus Léa , Demazy Raïssa , Christiaens Laura , Uwambayinema Francine , Geuens Jean-François , Yacoub Youssof , Huaux François 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current paradigm for explaining lung granulomatous diseases induced by inhaled particles is mainly based on macrophages. This mechanism is now challenging because B lymphocytes also infiltrate injured tissue, and the deficiency in B lymphocytes is associated with limited lung granulomas in silica-treated mice. Here, we investigated how B lymphocytes respond to micro- and nanoparticles by combining in vivo and in vitro mouse models. We first demonstrated that innate-like B-1 lymphocytes (not conventional B-2 lymphocytes or plasma cells) specifically accumulated during granuloma formation in mice instilled with crystalline silica (DQ12, 2.5 mg/mouse) and carbon nanotubes (CNT Mitsui, 0.2 mg/mouse). In comparison to macrophages, peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes purified from naïve mice were resistant to the pyroptotic activity of reactive particles (up to 1 mg/mL) but clustered to establish in vitro cell/particle aggregates. Mouse B-1 lymphocytes (not B-2 lymphocytes) in coculture with macrophages and CNT (0.1 µg/mL) organized three-dimensional spheroid structures in Matrigel and stimulated the release of TIMP-1. Furthermore, purified B-1 lymphocytes are sensitive to nanosilica toxicity through radical generation in culture. Nanosilica-exposed B-1 lymphocytes released proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins. In conclusion, our data indicate that in addition to macrophages, B-1 lymphocytes participate in micrometric particle-induced granuloma formation and display inflammatory functions in response to nanoparticles.
Trace analysis of emerging and regulated mycotoxins in infant stool by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Krausová Magdaléna , Ayeni Kolawole I. , Wisgrill Lukas , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Braun Dominik , Warth Benedikt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfants are sensitive to negative effects caused by food contaminants such as mycotoxins. To date, analytical methods assessing mycotoxin mixture exposure in infant stool are absent. Herein, we present a novel multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS assay capable of detecting 30+ analytes including the regulated mycotoxin classes (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, zearalenone, citrinin), emerging Alternaria and Fusarium toxins, and several key metabolites. Sample preparation consisted of a ‘dilute, filter, and shoot’ approach. The method was in-house validated and demonstrated that 25 analytes fulfilled all required criteria despite the high diversity of chemical structures included. Extraction recoveries for most of the analytes were in the range of 65–114% with standard deviations below 30% and limits of detection between 0.03 and 11.3 ng/g dry weight. To prove the methods’ applicability, 22 human stool samples from premature Austrian infants (n = 12) and 12-month-old Nigerian infants (n = 10) were analyzed. The majority of the Nigerian samples were contaminated with alternariol monomethyl ether (8/10) and fumonisin B1 (8/10), while fumonisin B2 and citrinin were quantified in some samples. No mycotoxins were detected in any of the Austrian samples. The method can be used for sensitive human biomonitoring (HBM) purposes and to support exposure and, potentially, risk assessment of mycotoxins. Moreover, it allows for investigating potential associations between toxicant exposure and the infants’ developing gut microbiome.
Graphical abstract
Associations between MRI T1 mapping, liver stiffness, quantitative MRCP, and laboratory biomarkers in children and young adults with autoimmune liver disease
Authors: Mahalingam Neeraja , Trout Andrew T. , Gandhi Deep B. , Sahay Rashmi D. , Singh Ruchi , Miethke Alexander G. , Dillman Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Define relationships between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics and clinical/laboratory data in a pediatric and young adult cohort with autoimmune liver disease (AILD).

Materials and methods
This prospective, cross-sectional study was institutional review board-approved. Patients enrolled in an institutional AILD registry were divided into groups: (1) autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or (2) primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). Participants underwent serum liver biochemistry testing and research MRI examinations, including 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and iron-corrected T1 mapping (cT1). MRCP + and LiverMultiScan (Perspectum Ltd., Oxford, UK) were used to post-process 3D MRCP and cT1 data. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships.

Results
58 patients, 35 male, median age 16 years were included; 30 in the AIH group, 28 in the PSC/ASC group. After statistical adjustments for patient age, sex, presence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specific diagnosis (PSC/ASC vs. AIH), and time from diagnosis to MRI examination, left hepatic bile duct maximum diameter was a statistically significant predictor of whole liver mean cT1, cT1 interquartile range (IQR), and MRE liver stiffness (p = 0.01–0.04). Seven laboratory values were significant predictors of whole liver cT1 IQR (p < 0.0001–0.04). Eight laboratory values and right hepatic bile duct median and maximum diameter were significant predictors of liver stiffness (p < 0.0001–0.03).

Conclusions
Bile duct diameters and multiple laboratory biomarkers of liver disease are independent predictors of liver stiffness and cT1 IQR in pediatric patients with AILD.
Minimizing setups and waste when printing labels of consumer goods
Authors: Meyr Herbert , Kiel Mirko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA real-world planning problem of a printing company is presented where different sorts of a consumer goods’ label are printed on a roll of paper with sufficient length. The printer utilizes a printing plate to always print several labels of same size and shape (but possibly different imprint) in parallel on adjacent lanes of the paper. It can be decided which sort is printed on which (lane of a) plate and how long the printer runs using a single plate. A sort can be assigned to several lanes of the same plate, but not to several plates. Designing a plate and installing it on the printer incurs fixed setup costs. If more labels are produced than actually needed, each surplus label is assumed to be “scrap”. Since demand for the different sorts may be heterogeneous and since the number of sorts is usually much higher than the number of lanes, the problem is to build “printing blocks”, i.e., to decide how many and which plates to design and how long to run the printer with a certain plate so that customer demand is satisfied with minimum costs for setups and scrap. This industrial application is modeled as an extension of a so-called job splitting problem which is solved exactly and by various decomposition heuristics, partly basing on dynamic programming. Numerical tests compare both approaches with further straightforward heuristics and demonstrate the benefits of decomposition and dynamic programming for large problem instances.
Comparison of elevation-dependent warming and its drivers in the tropical and subtropical Andes
Authors: Toledo Osmar , Palazzi Elisa , Cely Toro Iván Mauricio , Mortarini Luca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMountain regions have been recognized to be more sensitive to climate and environmental changes, and in particular to global warming. Several studies report on elevation-dependent warming (EDW), i.e., when warming rates are different in different altitude ranges, particularly focusing on the enhancement of warming rates with elevation. The Andean chain proved to be a relevant climate change hot-spot with positive temperature trends and a widespread glacier retreat over the recent decades. To assess and to better understand elevation dependent warming in this mountain region and to identify its possible dependence on latitude, the Andean Cordillera was split into five domains, three pertaining to the tropical zone and two pertaining to the Subtropics. Further, for each area the eastern and western faces of the mountain range were separately analyzed. An ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) simulations participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), consisting of one RCM nested into eight different global climate models from the CMIP5 ensemble was considered in this study. EDW was assessed by calculating the temperature difference between the end of the century (2071–2100) and the period 1976–2005 and relating it to the elevation. Future projections refer to the RCP 8.5 high-emission scenario. Possible differences in EDW mechanisms were identified using correlation analyses between temperature changes and all the variables identified as possible EDW drivers. For the maximum temperatures, a positive EDW signal (i.e. enhancement of warming rates with elevation) was identified in each side of both the tropical and subtropical Andes and in all seasons. For the minimum temperatures, on the contrary, while a positive EDW was identified in the Subtropics (particularly evident in the western side of the chain), the Tropics are characterized by a negative EDW throughout the year. Therefore, the tropical boundary marks a transition between discordant EDW behaviours in the minimum temperature. In the Tropics and particularly in the inner Tropics, different EDW drivers were identified for the minimum temperature, whose changes are mostly associated with changes in downward longwave radiation, and for the maximum temperature, whose changes are mainly driven by changes in downward shortwave radiation. This might explain the opposite EDW signal found in the tropical Andes during daytime and nighttime. Changes in albedo are an ubiquitous driver for positive EDW in the Subtropics, for both the minimum and the maximum temperature. Changes in longwave radiation and humidity are also EDW drivers in the Subtropics but with different relevance throughout the seasons and during daytime and nighttime. Also, the western and eastern sides of the Cordillera might be influenced by different EDW drivers.
Pflegende Angehörige in der hausärztlichen Praxis – Hausärztliche Sichtweisen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Marx Yvonne , Frese Thomas , Bauer Alexander 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundFrühes Erkennen gesundheitlicher Belastungen pflegender Angehöriger sowie die Koordination adäquater Maßnahmen obliegen zumeist dem Hausarzt. Dessen individuelle Perspektiven und Ansätze zu Identifizierung und Unterstützung pflegender Angehöriger wurden bisher kaum untersucht.Ziel der ArbeitDie Studie untersucht daher subjektive Sichtweisen von Hausärzten im Hinblick auf Identifikation und Betreuung pflegender Angehöriger in der hausärztlichen Praxis. Mithilfe der Ergebnisse sollen Erleichterungsbedarfe und Bedingungen für eine Implementierung eines Instruments zur Identifikation in der Praxis identifiziert werden.Material und MethodenZur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurden 12 leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit niedergelassenen Hausärzten aus Sachsen-Anhalt durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung der Interviews wurde das Verfahren der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring angewendet.ErgebnisseDie Auseinandersetzung mit subjektiven Sichtweisen bestätigt die grundlegende zentrale Stellung von Hausärzten bezüglich der Betreuung pflegender Angehöriger. Sie zeigt aber auch Ansatzpunkte mit Potenzial zu Verbesserung bzw. Erleichterung der Versorgung pflegender Angehöriger: Zeitliche Probleme und mangelnde Kommunikation erschweren die Betreuung. Ambulante Pflegedienste und regionale (Beratungs‑)Angebote sind vorhanden; eine systematische Zusammenarbeit und Koordination fehlt.DiskussionEin Screeninginstrument für pflegende Angehörige (Identifikation, Messen der empfundenen Belastung) stellt eine sinnvolle Intervention dar. Die besonderen Anforderungen und Eigenschaften von Interventionen in der allgemeinmedizinischen Praxis müssen systematisch erforscht werden und die Häusliche Pflege-Skala entsprechend angepasst und implementiert werden. Die Zusammenarbeit aller Akteure nimmt zukünftig eine zentrale Stellung ein.
Sub-arc mantle enrichment in the Sunda rear-arc inferred from HFSE systematics in high-K lavas from Java
Authors: Kirchenbaur M. , Schuth S. , Barth A. R. , Luguet A. , König S. , Idrus A. , Garbe-Schönberg D. , Münker C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany terrestrial silicate reservoirs display a characteristic depletion in Nb, which has been explained in some studies by the presence of reservoirs on Earth with superchondritic Nb/Ta. As one classical example, K-rich lavas from the Sunda rear-arc, Indonesia, have been invoked to tap such a high-Nb/Ta reservoir. To elucidate the petrogenetic processes active beneath the Java rear-arc and the causes for the superchondritic Nb/Ta in some of these lavas, we studied samples from the somewhat enigmatic Javanese rear-arc volcano Muria, which allow conclusions regarding the across-arc variations in volcanic output, source mineralogy and subduction components. We additionally report some data for an along-arc sequence of lavas from the Indonesian part of the Sunda arc, extending from Krakatoa in the west to the islands of Bali and Lombok in the east. We present major and trace element concentrations, Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotope compositions, and high-field-strength element (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, W) concentrations obtained via isotope dilution and MC-ICP-MS analyses. The geochemical data are complemented by melting models covering different source compositions with slab melts formed at variable P–T conditions. The radiogenic isotope compositions of the frontal arc lavas in combination with their trace element systematics confirm previously established regional variations of subduction components along the arc. Melting models show a clear contribution of a sediment-derived component to the HFSE budget of the frontal arc lavas, particularly affecting Zr–Hf and W. In contrast, the K-rich rear-arc lavas tap more hybrid and enriched mantle sources. The HFSE budget of the rear-arc lavas is in particular characterized by superchondritic Nb/Ta (up to 25) that are attributed to deep melting involving overprint by slab melts formed from an enriched garnet–rutile-bearing eclogitic residue. Sub-arc slab melting was potentially triggered along a slab tear beneath the Sunda arc, which is the result of the forced subduction of an oceanic basement relief ~ 8 Myr ago as confirmed by geophysical studies. The purported age of the slab tear coincides with a paucity in arc volcanism, widespread thrusting of the Javanese basement crust as well as the short-lived nature of the K-rich rear-arc volcanism at that time.
The relations between personality, components of executive functions, and intelligence in children and young adults
Authors: Johann Verena E. , Karbach Julia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious studies in adults showed heterogeneous results regarding the associations of personality with intelligence and executive functions (EF). In children, there is a lack of studies investigating the relations between personality and EF. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the relations between the Big Five personality traits, EF, and intelligence in a sample of children (Experiment 1) and young adults (Experiment 2). A total of 155 children (Experiment 1, mean age = 9.54 years) and 91 young adults (Experiment 2, mean age = 23.49 years) participated in the two studies. In both studies, participants performed tasks measuring working memory (WM), inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and fluid intelligence and completed a personality questionnaire. In Experiment 1, we found a negative relation between neuroticism and intelligence. In Experiment 2, we found a positive relation between conscientiousness and intelligence and a positive relation between conscientiousness and cognitive flexibility. Our results suggest a complex interplay between personality factors, EF, and intelligence both in children as well as in young adults.