bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct administration of the non-competitive interleukin-1 receptor antagonist rytvela transiently reduced intrauterine inflammation in an extremely preterm sheep model of chorioamnionitis
Authors: Takahashi Yuki , Saito Masatoshi , Usuda Haruo , Takahashi Tsukasa , Watanabe Shimpei , Hanita Takushi , Sato Shinichi , Kumagai Yusaku , Koshinami Shota , Ikeda Hideyuki , Carter Sean , Fee Erin L. , Furfaro Lucy , Chemtob Sylvain , Keelan Jeffrey , Olson David , Yaegashi Nobuo , Newnham John P. , Jobe Alan H. , Kemp Matthew W. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Intraamniotic inflammation is associated with up to 40% of preterm births, most notably in deliveries occurring prior to 32 weeks’ gestation. Despite this, there are few treatment options allowing the prevention of preterm birth and associated fetal injury. Recent studies have shown that the small, non-competitive allosteric interleukin (IL)-1 receptor inhibitor, rytvela, may be of use in resolving inflammation associated with preterm birth (PTB) and fetal injury. We aimed to use an extremely preterm sheep model of chorioamnionitis to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of rytvela in response to established intra-amniotic (IA) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. We hypothesized that rytvela would reduce LPS-induced IA inflammation in amniotic fluid (AF) and fetal tissues.

Methods
Sheep with a single fetus at 95 days gestation (estimated fetal weight 1.0 kg) had surgery to place fetal jugular and IA catheters. Animals were recovered for 48 hours before being randomized to either: i) IA administration of 2 ml saline 24 hours before 2 ml IA and 2 ml fetal intravenous (IV) administration of saline (Saline Group, n = 7); ii) IA administration of 10 mg LPS in 2 ml saline 24 hours before 2 ml IA and 2 ml fetal IV saline (LPS Group, n = 10); 3) IA administration of 10 mg LPS in 2 ml saline 24 hours before 0.3 mg/fetal kg IA and 1 mg/fetal kg fetal IV rytvela in 2 ml saline, respectively (LPS + rytvela Group, n = 7). Serial AF samples were collected for 120 h. Inflammatory responses were characterized by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), histology, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked inmmunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescent western blotting and blood chemistry analysis.

Results
LPS-treated animals had endotoxin and AF monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 concentrations that were significantly higher at 24 hours (immediately prior to rytvela administration) relative to values from Saline Group animals. Following rytvela administration, the average MCP-1 concentrations in the AF were significantly lower in the LPS + rytvela Group relative to in the LPS Group. In delivery samples, the expression of IL-1β in fetal skin was significantly lower in the LPS + rytvela Group compared to the LPS Group.

Conclusion
A single dose of rytvela was associated with partial, modest inhibition in the expression of a panel of cytokines/chemokines in fetal tissues undergoing an active inflammatory response.
The crystal structure of (E)-2-((tert-butylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol, C11H14ClNO
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Yuan-Da , Fan Xu , Li Zhong-Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C11H14ClNO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.072(3) Å, b = 5.882(2) Å, c = 21.258(7) Å, β = 100.351°, V = 1115.9(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0391, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1167, T = 296(2) K.
Shannon entropy for Feinberg–Horodecki equation and thermal properties of improved Wei potential model
Authors: Onate Clement Atachegbe , Onyeaju Michael Chukwudi , Okon Ituen Bassey 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We solved a one-dimensional time-dependent Feinberg–Horodecki equation for an improved Wei molecular energy potential function using the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The quantized momentum and the corresponding wave functions were obtained. With the help of the wave functions obtained, we calculated Shannon entropy for both the position space and momentum space. The results were used to study four molecules. The results of Shannon entropy were found to be in excellent agreement with those found in the literature. For more usefulness of these studies, the quantized momentum obtained was transformed into an energy equation with certain transformations. The energy equation was then used to calculate some thermodynamic properties such as vibrational mean energy, vibrational specific heat, vibrational mean free energy, and vibrational entropy via computation of the partition function. The thermodynamic properties studied for CO, NO, CH, and ScH showed that for a certain range of the temperature studied, the molecules exhibited similar features except for the vibrational entropy.
Separation of thorium(IV) from aquatic media using magnetic ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Alharthi Sarah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The separation and recovery of thorium from monazite is critical to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry as well as to environmental safety. Also, the removal of radionuclides from polluted sources is a critical issue in environmental control. Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MCMF-NP, Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4) were synthesized (4–22 nm in size) and characterized. MCMF-NP was investigated for Th(IV) separation from their aqueous medium under various test conditions of acidity, time, and Th(IV) concentration, in line with the uptake capacity. The amount of thorium adsorbed is improved when pH, time, and initial concentration are increased. The maximum uptake of Th(IV) by MCMF-NP was observed at pH 3.5–4 and a contact time of 180 min. A favorable adsorption mechanism was shown in the pseudo-second-order rate. Isotherm analysis shows an adequate process described by the Langmuir isotherm. MCMF-NP is an adsorbent capable of successful disposal of Th(IV) from waste solutions with a high uptake of 81.3 mg of Th(IV)/g of MCMF-NP. The possibility of re-using the MCMF-NP, adding value to this content as a way of compensating for the disposal costs, was studied and disused. MCMF-NP shows a good separation of thorium(IV) from monazite leach liquor as well as from wastewater samples.
Sexually Dimorphic Neurosteroid Synthesis Regulates Neuronal Activity in the Murine Brain
Authors: Wartenberg Philipp , Farkas Imre , Csillag Veronika , Colledge William H. , Hrabovszky Erik , Boehm Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

Sex steroid hormones act on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons to regulate reproductive neural circuits in the brain. Kisspeptin neurons start to express estrogen receptorsin utero, suggesting steroid hormone action on these cells early during development. Whether neurosteroids are locally produced in the embryonic brain and impinge onto kisspeptin/reproductive neural circuitry is not known. To address this question, we analyzed aromatase expression, a key enzyme in estrogen synthesis, in male and female mouse embryos. We identified an aromatase neuronal network comprising ∼6000 neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala. By birth, this network has become sexually dimorphic in a cluster of aromatase neurons in the arcuate nucleus adjacent to kisspeptin neurons. We demonstrate that male arcuate aromatase neurons convert testosterone to estrogen to regulate kisspeptin neuron activity. We provide spatiotemporal information on aromatase neuronal network development and highlight a novel mechanism whereby aromatase neurons regulate the activity of distinct neuronal populations expressing estrogen receptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSex steroid hormones, such as estradiol, are important regulators of neural circuits controlling reproductive physiology in the brain. Embryonic kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus express steroid hormone receptors, suggesting hormone action on these cellsin utero. Whether neurosteroids are locally produced in the brain and impinge onto reproductive neural circuitry is insufficiently understood. To address this question, we analyzed aromatase expression, a key enzyme in estradiol synthesis, in mouse embryos and identified a network comprising ∼6000 neurons in the brain. By birth, this network has become sexually dimorphic in a cluster of aromatase neurons in the arcuate nucleus adjacent to kisspeptin neurons. We demonstrate that male aromatase neurons convert testosterone to estradiol to regulate kisspeptin neuron activity.
Uluslararası ticaret ve uluslararası turizm arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği (1970-2019)
Authors: Şahin Suna 
Published: September 2021

Uluslararası turizm, küresel gelişme ve entegrasyon sürecinin bir parçası olarak, ekonominin büyümesine, ülkenin dünya pazarlarında rekabet gücünün artmasına ve nüfusun refahının artmasına bağlı olan etkili faktörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Turizmin uluslararası, çok boyutlu bir olgu olması, dünya ülkelerinin sınırlarını açmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma turizmin ticaret üzerine yansımalarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye için 1970-2019 dönemine ait olarak elde edilen değişkenlere yönelik, birim kök, nedensellik ve eşbütünleşme analizleri yapılmıştır. Reel GSYİH, toplam ticaret (ihracat ve ithalat verileri), turizm verileri (turizm gelirleri ve gelen turist sayıları) kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de belirlenen dönemlerde uluslararası turizm, uluslararası ticaretin Granger nedenidir. Çalışma kapsamında bulunan sonuçların uzun dönemli olarak geçerliliği Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme analizi yardımı ile sınanmış ve elde edilen ilşkinin uzun dönemde de geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Breeding Waterbird Populations Have Declined in South San Francisco Bay: An Assessment Over Two Decades
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Hartman C. Alex , Ackerman Joshua ,   US Geological Survey, Schacter Carley ,   US Geological Survey, Herzog Mark ,   US Geological Survey, Tarjan L. Max ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Wang Yiwei ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Strong Cheryl ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Tertes Rachel ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Warnock Nils ,   Point Blue Conservation Science
Published: September 2021

Availability of wetlands with low salinities during the breeding season can influence waterfowl reproductive success and population recruitment. Salinities as low as 2 ppt (3.6 mScm–1) can impair duckling growth and influence behavior, with mortality occurring above 9 ppt (14.8 mScm–1). We used satellite imagery to quantify the amount of available water, and sampled surface water salinity at Grizzly Island, in the brackish Suisun Marsh, at three time-periods during waterfowl breeding (April, May, July) over 4 years (2016–2019). More water was available and salinity was lower during wetter years (2017, 2019) than during drier years (2016, 2018), and the amount of water in wetlands decreased 73%–86% from April to July. Across all time-periods and years, the majority (64%–100%) of wetland habitat area had salinities above what has been shown to negatively affect ducklings (> 2 ppt), and up to 42% of wetland area had salinities associated with duckling mortality (> 9 ppt). During peak duckling production in May, 81%–95% of available water had salinity above 2 ppt, and 5%–21% was above 9 ppt. In May of the driest year (2016), only 0.5 km2 of low-salinity water (< 2 ppt) was available to ducklings in the study area, compared to 2.6 km2 in May of the wettest year (2017). Private duck clubs own the majority of wetland habitat at Grizzly Island and consistently had a greater percentage of land flooded during summer than did publicly owned wetlands, but private wetlands generally had higher salinities than public wetlands, likely because they draw from higher-salinity water sources. By July, few wetlands remained flooded, and most had salinities high enough to impair duckling growth and survival. Local waterfowl populations would benefit from management practices that provide fresher water during peak duckling production in May and retain more water through July.
Customer Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industry Using Data Mining Methods
Authors: Meghyasi Homa , Rad Abas 
Published: September 2021

At present, in competitive space between companies and organizations, customers churn is their most important challenge. When a customer becomes churn, organizations lose one of their most important assets, which can lead to financial losses and even bankruptcy. Customer churn prediction using data mining techniques can alleviate these problems to some extent. The aim of the present study is to provide a hybrid method based on Genetic Algorithm and Modular Neural Network to customer churn prediction in telecommunication industries and use Irancell data as a sample. The accuracy result of this study which is 95.5% get the highest accuracy rank in comparisons with the result of other methods, which shows using modular neural network with two modules of feedforward neural network and also using genetic algorithm to obtain optimal structure for modules of the neural network are the most important indicators of this method to each the highest accuracy result among the rest of methods.
El Agrupamiento de textos, una estrategia para la formación literaria en francés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Bernal-Vargas Andres Ivan 
Published: September 2021

La comprensión de lectura y la escritura de textos son dos procesos académicos complejos para estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras. Ambos procesos pueden ser articulados por medio del agrupamiento de textos (AT) como estrategia didáctica en la enseñanza de lenguas. El siguiente artículo reporta una investigación acción de tipo mixta que implementó el AT para desarrollar la comprensión de lectura y escritura y la competencia literaria en 33 jóvenes aprendientes de francés de una licenciatura de Lenguas Extranjeras en una universidad colombiana. El estudio duró dos años. Se realizó inicialmente un análisis documental de los sílabos de los cuatro primeros niveles de francés del currículo constatándose que no se explicitaban ni objetivos ni contenidos del componente de literatura. Se administró, además, una encuesta de entrada y salida para identificar los conocimientos (previos y finales, respectivamente) sobre elementos esenciales de la narración. Durante la intervención pedagógica se implementó el AT (dos cuentos y una película) para que los estudiantes reconocieran la singularidad genérica del cuento siguiendo el esquema narrativo de Larivaille y el actancial de Hamon y produjeran, posteriormente, textos literarios de este género. El estudio concluyó que el AT fue efectivo pues, primero, permitió integrar un componente literario a las clases de francés para nivel B1, y segundo, la mayoría de estudiantes mejoraron sustancialmente sus procesos de lectura y escritura de cuentos.
Seismic system calibration: 2. Cross-spectral calibration using random binary signals
Authors: Berger Jon , Carr Agnew Duncan , Parker Robert L. , Farrell William E. 
Published: September 2021

abstractWe present a rapid and accurate method of calibrating seismic systems using a random binary calibration signal and cross-spectral techniques. The complex transfer function obtained from the cross spectrum is least-squares fit to the ratio of two polynomials in s(s = iω) whose degrees are determined by a linear systems analysis. This provides a compact representation of the system frequency response. We demonstrate its application to two seismic systems, the IDA and SRO seismomenters. This method yields calibrations to an accuracy of better than 1 per cent in amplitude and 1° in phase.
An estimate of the properties of Love-type surface waves in a frictionally bonded layer
Authors: Miller Richard K. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
An approximate analytical approach is presented for determining the attenuation, dispersion, and intensity of motion at depth associated with Love-type surface waves in an elastic layer bonded by Coulomb friction to an elastic half-space. It is found that the dispersion curves are only slightly affected by a small amount of slip at the interface, but that the level of attenuation in the system increases considerably with the amplitude of motion. The results for the frequency dependence of the attenuation in the system are in basic agreement with experimental data on the attenuation of Love waves in the Earth (Jackson, 1971). The results for the intensity of motion at depth indicate a deterioration of bonding at high frequencies.
A local earthquake coda magnitude and its relation to duration, moment Mo, and local Richter magnitude ML
Authors: Suteau Anne M. , Whitcomb James H. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A relationship is found between the seismic moment, Mo, of shallow local earthquakes, coda amplitudes, and the total duration of the signal, t, in seconds, measured from the earthquake origin time. Following Aki, we assume that the end of the coda is composed of backscattering surface waves due to lateral heterogeneity in the shallow crust. Using the linear relationship between the logarithm of Mo and the local Richter magnitude ML, we obtain a relationship between ML and t, of the form: ML = a0 + a1 log t + a2t1/3 + f(t), where a0, a1, a2 are constants depending on an attenuation parameter (effective Q) and geometric spreading; and f(t) is a function of the instrument response and a (weak) function of the scattering process. This relationship is different from the empirical one generally used ML = a0 + a1 log τ + a2(log τ)2 + a3Δ, where τ is the duration measured from the first P arrival time and Δ is epicentral distance in kilometers. In the theoretical relationship, the dependence on epicentral distance is implicit in t. The theoretical relationship is used to calculate a coda magnitude MC that is compared to ML for southern California earthquakes which occurred during the period from 1972 to 1975. This comparison is made independently at six stations of the CIT network. At all stations, a good linear fit (ML = C0 + C1MC) is obtained. The standard errors range from 0.2 to 0.3 and the correlation coefficients from 0.80 to 0.90. Once station gain is accounted for, station correction terms are less than 0.17 magnitude unit when comparing ML and Mc. Mc calculation is not limited to a duration measurement but can utilize the entire earthquake coda in order to increase by many times the statistical confidence in an estimate of an earthquake's magnitude.
Ground motion on alluvial valleys under incident plane SH waves
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J. , Esquivel Jorge A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A method is presented to compute the scattering and diffraction of harmonic SH waves by an arbitrarily shaped alluvial valley. The problem is formulated in terms of a system of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with the integration paths outside the boundary. A discretization scheme using line source solutions is employed and the boundary conditions are satisfied in the least-squares sense. Numerical results for amplification spectra for different geometries are presented. Agreement with known analytical solutions is excellent.
Tectonic implications of seismicity in the Adak Canyon region, central Aleutians
Authors: LaForge R. , Engdahl E. R. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Adak local-network and teleseismically recorded data are used to describe shallow seismicity and tectonics in the Adak Canyon region of the central Aleutians. An examination of the locations and focal mechanisms of earthquakes up to 50 km in depth, occurring between July 1974 and December 1976, permits the subdivision of this activity into a northward dipping zone of thrusting and an overlying wedge-shaped zone of normal faulting. The thrust zone is characterized by an upper part which has been the source for all large thrust earthquakes occurring in the Adak region located with network data, and by a lower part representing a continuation of thrusting with smaller magnitude events. The wedge-shaped zone of low-level activity, in which east-west extension predominates, is found above and to the north of the thrust zone. The location, dimensions, and focal mechanisms of this region of normal faulting strongly suggest that Adak Canyon and similar features found to the west across the arc are caused by lateral extension of the overriding plate.
A Ms 7.1 shallow thrust event and four major aftershocks that occurred in the Adak Canyon region in May 1971 have been relocated by the master-event technique. The relocated sequence forms a tight cluster, about 20 km in diameter, and appears to be associated with the trenchward part of the thrust zone. This series of events lies in the center of a gap in recent large-magnitude seismicity.
Time-domain attenuation measurements for fundamental spheroidal modes (0S6 to 0S28) for the 1977 Indonesian earthquake
Authors: Geller Robert J. , Stein Seth 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Using ultra-long period records of the 1977 Indonesian earthquake from seven IDA stations, we have measured the attenuation of fundamental spheroidal modes from 0S6 to 0S28. We determine the attenuation of each mode using a time domain technique which minimizes the effects of noise on the measurements. These measurements are the first attenuation data for these modes from multiple ultra-long period records of a single earthquake. Our results are in good general agreement with single station attenuation measurements from the UCLA gravimeter records of the Alaskan earthquake. They show systematically lower Q-1(less attenuation) than results from stacking WWSSN records.
Mechanism of the main shock and the aftershock study of the Tabas-e-Golshan (Iran) earthquake of September 16, 1978: A preliminary report
Authors: Berberian M. , Asudeh I. , Bilham R. G. , Scholz C. H. , Soufleris C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Aftershocks of the Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake (Ms = 7.7) of September 16, 1978 were recorded with a local network of portable seismometers. The main shock produced a discontinuous series of surface ruptures extending 85 km NNW and dipping ENE beneath the Shotori Range. The largest aftershocks located thus far are not concentrated in the hypocentral region of the main shock nor near the ends of the rupture zone but appear to be concentrated down-dip from gaps in the surface ruptures. This suggests that these features may extend to depth and act as barrier zones in the rupture process.
The 65 km long zone of aftershock activity dips 40°ENE from the surface break, which agrees with the focal mechanism for the main shock in indicating thrusting on a NNW-striking, ENE-dipping fault. The aftershocks range in depth from 2 to 24 km with greatest concentration in the depth range 5 to 10 km.
Anomalous surface waves from underground explosions
Authors: Rygg Eivind 
Published: September 2021

abstractThe Rayleigh waves at Δ ∼40° from an eastern Kazakh explosion are shown to be polarity reversed and delayed relative to the Rayleigh waves from two other explosions of comparable magnitudes in the same area. The event generating the anomalous Rayleigh waves excited very strong Love waves which were not delayed. The Rayleigh wave phase reversal is shown to be a source phenomenon and it is suggested that in this particular case, spall closure was responsible for a major part of the Rayleigh-wave generation.
Attenuation of intensities in the United States
Authors: Chandra Umesh 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Isoseismal maps for a number of earthquakes were analyzed to study the attenuation of intensities with distance for different regions of the United States. A graphical method for the estimation of an initial set of epicentral intensities, Io, from the intensity-distance plot for different earthquakes was used, thus avoiding the need to equate the maximum reported or mapped intensity with Io. The attenuation relations were derived by using an iterative least-squares fit procedure, wherein an initial approximate estimate of Io for each earthquake is successively improved. As a by-product, the analysis yielded improved estimates of Io for each earthquake. These Io values were used to derive empirical relations between felt area and epicentral intensities for different regions.