bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of neuroendocrine acquisition and biomarker expression between neuroendocrine and usual prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Guang‐Qian , Ho Grant , Suen Catherine , Hurth Kyle M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma (NEPC) is uncommon. The pathogenesis, clinical association, and clinical implications of this disease are still evolving.MethodsClinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and genomic studies were used to investigate the incidence of NEPC in various clinicopathologic settings and the expression of various biomarkers in NEPC and non‐NEPC as well as small cell NEPC. The study included 45 treatment‐naïve Gleason pattern (GP) 3 and 94 GP 4/5, 43 post‐radiation, 60 post‐androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 38 lymph node metastatic and 9 small cell prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCs).ResultsNEPC was found in 7% GP3, 10% GP4/5, 9% post‐radiation, 18% post‐ADT, and 5% lymph node metastatic PCs, respectively. Compared with treatment‐naïve PCs, post‐ADT PCs showed significantly increased incidence of NEPC (p < .05) while no significant difference was noted between low‐ and high‐grade PCs, post‐radiation, and lymph node metastatic PCs. Serotonin was uniformly positive in NE cells of benign glands but negative in NEPC. Significant increase of Bcl‐2 and Auro A and decrease of prostein were noted in NEPC (p < .05). No significant changes in the expression of other biomarkers were found. In addition, small cell NEPC was strongly associated with ADT (44%) and high Gleason score (≥8, 100%) and often presented with alterations of TP53/RB1 and ARID1A/B or other genes crucial to genomic fidelity.ConclusionGiven that no specific treatment for NEPC is presently available, the findings in this study have significant implications in the better understanding of this often‐deadly disease both clinically and pathogenetically as well as future patient management, including targeted therapy.
Effects of run‐of‐river hydropower plants on fish communities in montane stream ecosystems in Serbia
Authors: Simonović Predrag , Ristić Ratko , Milčanović Vukašin , Polovina Siniša , Malušević Ivan , Radić Boris , Kanjuh Tamara , Marić Ana , Nikolić Vera 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSmall run‐of‐river hydropower plants (RRHPs) have revealed strong harmful effects worldwide on stream habitats (e.g., fragmentation and destruction) and decreased fish species, especially anadromous species abundance. Recently, RRHPs have rapidly been installed in Serbia. Most were installed on montane streams because their steep slopes are most convenient for hydropower energy production at minimal costs. Brown trout Salmo trutta are prominent in the fish communities of this rarest type of aquatic ecosystems. Their native molecular diversity reflects a biodiversity hotspot in the Balkans, and they provide attractive fishing opportunities. Records from fishery management plans for highland stream fisheries where RRHPs were installed revealed reduced brown trout biomass compared with streams without RRHPs. Research on six streams with operational RRHPs revealed severe deterioration of habitat, for example, increased water temperature, reduced dissolved oxygen, and increased nutrient contents. Effects on fish communities were evident from a change in their structure. Resident, stream‐dwelling brown trout were the most affected species with steep declines in abundance, biomass, and productivity. Fragmentation owing to damming was also reflected by deterioration of their age structure. Unique native brown trout stocks susceptible to adverse effects are difficult to restore by stocking, and fish passages commonly supplied as compensation to overcome the disruption of habitats cannot mitigate the threat posed to the fish.
The challenges for patients and sonographers when complex obstetric anomalies are identified
Authors: Shakes Pieta , Deslandes Alison 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prenatal identification of complex obstetric anomalies can present issues for expectant parents, sonographers and departments of obstetric ultrasound. The limitations of imaging technologies, ongoing fetal development and various interpretations of anomalies and prognosis create ambiguity. Complexity is further heightened by a lack of policies and training related to the communication of unexpected findings and support for sonographers who work with expectant parents during or after times of significant distress and trauma. This case report details challenges presented upon a third‐trimester diagnosis of a complex obstetric anomaly agenesis of the corpus callosum and offers recommendations to reduce the negative psychosocial consequences of complex obstetric anomaly diagnosis.
Performance of reinforced concrete columns confined with spiral reinforcement
Authors: Damodaran Chitra Mitra , Rugmini Bindhu Kochunarayana 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe study proposes a practical strengthening method for improving the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete square columns using spiral as lateral reinforcement in moderate seismic zone regions. Two specimens one without ductile detailing and the other with ductile detailing designed as per Indian standard specifications and six specimens with spiral ties (in one direction and cross directions) at 25°, 35°, and 45° of inclination were tested under constant axial load and cyclic lateral loads to study the feasibility of the provision of spiral ties as a seismic‐strengthening method. The important variable used was the angle of inclination of the spiral bars. Test results revealed that the column specimen strengthened with cross spirals at 25° had almost similar performance and ductility behavior when compared with the control specimen with ductile detailing and specimen strengthened with cross spirals at 35° had better performance and ductility behavior when compared with the control specimen without ductile detailing and can be adopted in moderate seismic regions. Considering the enhanced behavior, such as the strength, stiffness, and ductility, along with the construction easiness, for better performance of columns in moderate seismic zones, angle of inclination of 35° is sufficient.
Can Zoom video conferencing tool be misused for real‐time cybercrime?
Authors: Mohanty Manoranjan , Jena Riyanka , Singh Priyanka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVideo conferencing tool Zoom has boomed during this COVID pandemic situation. Although Zoom has been very useful for facilitating work‐from‐home and study‐from‐home arrangements, its misuse can result in cybercrime cases. The world has already seen the adverse effect of a Zoom‐related cybercrime, Zoombombing. In this article, we discuss how Zoom can also be misused for launching real‐time cybercrime, such as piracy and real‐time pornography. The end‐to‐end encryption proposed to be used by Zoom can further complicate these cybercrime issues. The existing mechanisms may not be sufficient in dealing with these real‐time issues. New mechanisms need to be found.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Multimedia Forensics
Effective field theory for closed strings near the Hagedorn temperature
Authors: Brustein Ram , Zigdon Yoav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We discuss interacting, closed, bosonic and superstrings in thermal equilibrium at temperatures close to the Hagedorn temperature in flat space. We calculate S-matrix elements of the strings at the Hagedorn temperature and use them to construct a low-energy effective action for interacting strings near the Hagedorn temperature. We show, in particular, that the four-point amplitude of massless winding modes leads to a positive quartic interaction. Furthermore, the effective field theory has a generalized conformal structure, namely, it is conformally invariant when the temperature is assigned an appropriate scaling dimension. Then, we show that the equations of motion resulting from the effective action possess a winding-mode-condensate background solution above the Hagedorn temperature and present a worldsheet conformal field theory, similar to a Sine-Gordon theory, that corresponds to this solution. We find that the Hagedorn phase transition in our setup is second order, in contrast to a first-order transition that was found previously in different setups.
Precision QCD phenomenology of exotic spin-2 search at the LHC
Authors: Das Goutam , Kumar M. C. , Samanta Kajal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The complete next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) QCD correction matched with next-to-next-to leading logarithm (NNLL) has been studied for Drell-Yan production via spin-2 particle at the Large hadron collider (LHC). We consider generic spin-2 particle which couples differently to quarks and gluons (non-universal scenario). The threshold enhanced analytical coefficient has been obtained up to third order using the universal soft function and the process dependent form factors at the same order. We performed a detailed phenomenological analysis and gave a prediction for the 13 TeV LHC for the search of such BSM signature. We found that the resummed result gives sizeable corrections over a wide range of invariant mass of the lepton pair. The scale variation also stabilizes at this order and reduces to 4%. As a by-product, we also provide ingredients for third-order soft-virtual (SV) prediction as well as resummation and study the impact on LHC searches.
Wie wirken Generikaquoten? Eine Analyse am Beispiel der HIV-Infektion
Authors: Rüsenberg Robin , Baumgarten Axel , Mauss Stefan , Gradl Gabriele , Schulz Martin , Bartmeyer Barbara , Kollan Christian , Schmidt Daniel 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Steuerungsinstrumente der Arzneimittelversorgung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) sind schon länger Bestandteil der gesundheitspolitischen Reformdebatte. Über die Jahre hat sich eine Gemengelage sehr verschiedener Werkzeuge herausgebildet, die zumeist auf eine Kontrolle der Arzneimittelausgaben zielen. Die Instrumente der regionalen Verordnungssteuerung fokussieren vor allem auf eine Verhaltenssteuerung des verordnenden Arztes. Zu erwähnen ist nicht zuletzt der verstärkte Einsatz von indikationsbezogenen Quoten, vorrangig Leitsubstanzen und/oder Generika/Biosimilars. Diese gibt es mittlerweile auch im Bereich des Humanen Immundefizienz-Virus (HIV), etwa die seit 2020 in Bayern und Berlin eingeführten Generikaquoten für HIV-Therapeutika.ZielstellungZiel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, auf Grundlage von GKV-Apothekenabrechnungsdaten das Potenzial sowie Grenzen von Generikaquotenlösungen in der HIV-Versorgung zu analysieren und Handlungsempfehlungen zu skizzieren.ErgebnisseEs zeigte sich, dass das Quotenpotenzial für Generika im patentfreien Bereich in der HIV-Versorgung bereits weitgehend ausgeschöpft wird. Dieser Umstand ist vor allem darauf zurückzuführen, dass die HIV-Verordner den Austausch durch Verzicht auf Aut-idem-Kreuze auf dem Kassenrezept unterstützen.DiskussionDas steuerungspolitische Optimum ist fast erreicht. Dies ist auf das geeignete Instrumentarium zurückzuführen, das aus dem Rahmenvertrag zur Arzneimittelversorgung und einer leitliniengerechten Wirkstoffverordnung durch den Arzt besteht – in Verbindung mit dem AMNOG(Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetz)-Verfahren und Festbeträgen. Leitlinienkonformität und (existierende) Eintablettenregime müssen beibehalten werden, damit die gute Versorgungsqualität gewährleistet bleibt.
Die Nutzbarmachung von Daten für Public Health und Gesundheitsversorgung – ein gemeinsames Ziel der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten
Authors: Meyer Ingo 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Gesundheit der Bevölkerung – im Sinne von Prävention und Versorgung – braucht gute Daten. Daten unterstützen die Entscheidungsfindung auf der Systemebene ebenso wie konkrete Maßnahmen auf der Individualebene. Daten sind außerdem Voraussetzung für Forschung und die Entwicklung von Innovation. Gleichzeitig sind Daten Mangelware: Sie liegen nur in Ausschnitten oder für ganze Systemteile überhaupt nicht vor, sie decken Sachverhalte nur approximativ ab oder sind in Formaten gebunden, die eine automatisierte (bzw. skalierbare) Verarbeitung erschweren bis unmöglich machen. Zudem sind gerade Gesundheitsdaten höchst sensibel und entsprechend geschützt, was ihre Verwertung noch herausfordernder macht.Mit diesen Herausforderungen steht Deutschland nicht allein da, sie finden sich in ähnlicher Form in allen anderen Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU). Das Potenzial einer gemeinsamen Problemdefinition sowie der gemeinsamen Entwicklung von Lösungen wird in Deutschland bisher aber nur wenig genutzt. Der Artikel gibt einen Einblick in verschiedene EU-Initiativen rund um das Thema Gesundheitsdaten. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Frage, wie deutsche Akteur:innen Zugang zu diesen Initiativen bekommen können, um so einerseits vom Wissen und den Erfahrungen in den Nachbarländern zu profitieren, aber auch um eigenes Wissen in diesen Kreis zurückgeben zu können.
Tröpfchenexposition bei Tracheotomie
Authors: Plettenberg C. , Geipel K. , Stenin I. , Klenzner T. , Wagenmann M. , Schipper J. , Scheckenbach K. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Pandemie COVID-19 („coronavirus disease 2019“) zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Infektiosität bei Tröpfchenübertragung und hoher Virusdichte in den oberen Atemwegen aus. Schwere Krankheitsverläufe stehen mit interstitiellen, beatmungspflichtigen Pneumonien in Verbindung, bei denen regelmäßig Tracheotomien (TT), ein tröpfchen- und aerosolerzeugender medizinischer Eingriff, notwendig werden. Die TT als potenzielles Infektionsrisiko für medizinisches Personal wird in der Literatur kaum behandelt. Deshalb war es Ziel dieser Studie, die Tröpfchenexposition des Op.-Teams während der Tracheotomie zu quantifizieren, um hierdurch die Anforderungen an die notwendige persönliche Schutzausrüstung (PSA) besser zu definieren.Material und MethodenBei 4 nichtinfektiösen Patienten wurde eine chirurgische Tracheotomie durchgeführt, bei der der Chirurg und seine Assistenz jeweils eine chirurgische Mund-Nasen-Maske mit Klarsichtvisier trugen. Nach Durchführung des Eingriffs bestimmten wir Tröpfchenart, -verteilung und -menge auf dem Visier makroskopisch und mikroskopisch.ErgebnisseAuf den Visieren fanden sich durchschnittlich 29 Tröpfchen im mittleren Drittel des Visiers, 4 im rechten Drittel und 13 im linken Drittel, bei einer durchschnittlichen Tröpfchengröße von 571 µm (± 381 µm). Die kleinsten Tröpfchen waren 55 µm, die größten 1431 µm groß. Eine Zunahme der Tröpfchen fanden sich bei vermehrter Ventilation während des Eingriffs. Bluttröpfchen waren häufiger als Sekrettröpfchen.SchlussfolgerungEs konnte eine deutliche Kontamination des Gesichtsvisiers mit Tröpfchen dargestellt werden. Gerade im Fall einer TT von hochinfektiösen Patienten, z. B. COVID-19, ist demnach die Verwendung einer Kapuzen-Kopfbedeckung in Kombination mit einem Atemschutzgerät mit Luftreinigung mit Stromversorgung empfehlenswert, um einen Infektionsschutz des Operateurs und der Op.-Assistenz bestmöglich zu gewährleisten.
Diversity and functional structure of soil animal communities suggest soil animal food webs to be buffered against changes in forest land use
Authors: Pollierer Melanie M. , Klarner Bernhard , Ott David , Digel Christoph , Ehnes Roswitha B. , Eitzinger Bernhard , Erdmann Georgia , Brose Ulrich , Maraun Mark , Scheu Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForest soil and litter is inhabited by a diverse community of animals, which directly and indirectly rely on dead organic matter as habitat and food resource. However, community composition may be driven by biotic or abiotic forces, and these vary with changes in habitat structure and resource supply associated with forest land use. To evaluate these changes, we compiled comprehensive data on the species composition of soil animal communities and environmental factors in forest types varying in land-use intensity in each of three regions in Germany, i.e., coniferous, young managed, old managed, and unmanaged beech forests. Coniferous forests featured high amounts of leaf litter and low microbial biomass concentrations contrasting in particular unmanaged beech forests. However, soil animal diversity and functional community composition differed little between forest types, indicating resilience against disturbance and forest land use. Structural equation modelling suggested that despite a significant influence of forest management on resource abundance and quality, the biomass of most soil fauna functional groups was not directly affected by forest management or resource abundance/quality, potentially because microorganisms hamper the propagation of nutrients to higher trophic levels. Instead, detritivore biomass depended heavily on soil pH. Macrofauna decomposers thrived at high pH, whereas mesofauna decomposers benefitted from low soil pH, but also from low biomass of macrofauna decomposers, potentially due to habitat modification by macrofauna decomposers. The strong influence of soil pH shows that decomposer communities are structured predominantly by regional abiotic factors exceeding the role of local biotic factors such as forest type.
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome in patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies: a single-center study
Authors: Goudsmit Anouk , Cubilier Edouard , Meert Anne-Pascale , Aftimos Philippe , Stathopoulos Konstantinos , Spilleboudt Chloe , Loizidou Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Immunocompromised cancer patients are presumed to be at high risk of developing COVID-19 infection. Predisposing factors to contracting COVID-19 and to severe outcomes have been described in registries but were not compared between solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Method
This retrospective single oncologic center study included adults with solid tumors or hematological malignancies referred to testing by naso-pharyngeal swab for a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR from March 10 to May 18, 2020.

Results
A total of 212 patients were included in the study. Forty-five (21%) were tested positive with SARS-CoV-2. The univariate analysis with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR as a dependent variable reveals significant odds ratios (ORs) for age—with a mean of 62.5 years—(OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08), performance status ≥2 (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.22–4.70), inpatient status (OR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.11–4.91), and hematological malignancies (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.23–4.96). In contrast, OR for solid tumors reveals a negative association (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20–0.81). When integrating severe outcome (ICU admission or COVID-19-related death) as a dependent variable, the univariate logistic regression model shows significant ORs for pre-existing lymphopenia (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.17–15.04), hematological malignancies (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.09–13.80), and a negative association for solid tumors (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.07–0.92).

Conclusion
In patients referred for SARS-CoV-2 testing, hematological malignancies were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes. Other factors were age and inpatient status.
Compliance of the cerebrospinal space: comparison of three methods
Authors: Kazimierska Agnieszka , Kasprowicz Magdalena , Czosnyka Marek , Placek Michał M. , Baledent Olivier , Smielewski Peter , Czosnyka Zofia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Cerebrospinal compliance describes the ability of the cerebrospinal space to buffer changes in volume. Diminished compliance is associated with increased risk of potentially threatening increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) when changes in cerebrospinal volume occur. However, despite various methods of estimation proposed so far, compliance is seldom used in clinical practice. This study aimed to compare three measures of cerebrospinal compliance.

Methods
ICP recordings from 36 normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients who underwent infusion tests with parallel recording of transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity were retrospectively analysed. Three methods were used to calculate compliance estimates during changes in the mean ICP induced by infusion of fluid into the cerebrospinal fluid space: (a) based on Marmarou’s model of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (CCSF), (b) based on the evaluation of changes in cerebral arterial blood volume (CCaBV), and (c) based on the amplitudes of peaks P1 and P2 of ICP pulse waveform (CP1/P2).

Results
Increase in ICP caused a significant decrease in all compliance estimates (p < 0.0001). Time courses of compliance estimators were strongly positively correlated with each other (group-averaged Spearman correlation coefficients: 0.94 [0.88–0.97] for CCSF vs. CCaBV, 0.77 [0.63–0.91] for CCSF vs. CP1/P2, and 0.68 [0.48–0.91] for CCaBV vs. CP1/P2).

Conclusions
Indirect methods, CCaBV and CP1/P2, allow for the assessment of relative changes in cerebrospinal compliance and produce results exhibiting good correlation with the direct method of volumetric manipulation. This opens the possibility of monitoring relative changes in compliance continuously.
Characteristics, potentials, and limitations of open-source Simulink projects for empirical research
Authors: Boll Alexander , Brokhausen Florian , Amorim Tiago , Kehrer Timo , Vogelsang Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSimulink is an example of a successful application of the paradigm of model-based development into industrial practice. Numerous companies create and maintain Simulink projects for modeling software-intensive embedded systems, aiming at early validation and automated code generation. However, Simulink projects are not as easily available as code-based ones, which profit from large publicly accessible open-source repositories, thus curbing empirical research. In this paper, we investigate a set of 1734 freely available Simulink models from 194 projects and analyze their suitability for empirical research. We analyze the projects considering (1) their development context, (2) their complexity in terms of size and organization within projects, and (3) their evolution over time. Our results show that there are both limitations and potentials for empirical research. On the one hand, some application domains dominate the development context, and there is a large number of models that can be considered toy examples of limited practical relevance. These often stem from an academic context, consist of only a few Simulink blocks, and are no longer (or have never been) under active development or maintenance. On the other hand, we found that a subset of the analyzed models is of considerable size and complexity. There are models comprising several thousands of blocks, some of them highly modularized by hierarchically organized Simulink subsystems. Likewise, some of the models expose an active maintenance span of several years, which indicates that they are used as primary development artifacts throughout a project’s lifecycle. According to a discussion of our results with a domain expert, many models can be considered mature enough for quality analysis purposes, and they expose characteristics that can be considered representative for industry-scale models. Thus, we are confident that a subset of the models is suitable for empirical research. More generally, using a publicly available model corpus or a dedicated subset enables researchers to replicate findings, publish subsequent studies, and use them for validation purposes. We publish our dataset for the sake of replicating our results and fostering future empirical research.