bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield of winter rape in Ryazan region
Authors: Lupova E I , Sazonkin K D , Vinogradov D V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The scientific work presents the experimental data on growing varieties and hybrids of winter rape in Ryazan region. The experiment studied the action of fungicide Caramba having a growth stimulating effect on winter rape plants. Weather conditions in 2018-2020 were satisfactory for the development of winter rape, which contributed to its rather good overwintering. During the years of winter rape monitoring, the development of diseases was not marked significantly. On average, according to experiments, the development of Alternaria blight on winter rape was recorded over the entire surveyed area, with a degree of development of 1.5-3.2 % and prevalence of 1 to 6 %, gray rot with a degree of development of 0.3-0.5 % and prevalence of 0.2-0.3 %, on variants without treating with Caramba. Rokhan F, Citro F, Visby F and Zorny were the best in terms of the yield structure. In the experiments, on average, the most productive were the hybrid of the German selection Rokhan (26.8-27.8 dt/ha), Citro (23.9-24.7 dt/ha), Belarusian cultivar Zorny (22.7-23.3 dt/ha). On average, a high survival rate was recorded when treating with fungicide Caramba according to variants with Safran (78.7 %), Rokhan (80.9 %), Zorny (75.5 %).
The content of bacteria, yeasts and fungi in the soils of apple orchards in the north CCR
Authors: Zakharov V L , Zubkova T V , Gulidova V A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of our research was to study the ratio of bacteria, yeast and fungi in soils occupied by apple orchards of different ages in the northern part of the Central Black Earth Region and fragmentarily in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2015-2017 in fruit growing farms in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Penza regions and the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were soils (typical chernozem, leached, podzolized, meadow-chernozem, chernozem-meadow, chernozem-moist-meadow and gray forest soils) under industrial apple orchards. The gardens were laid out according to 5x3, 6x4 and 6x8 m schemes on stocks 62-396, 54-118 and seed. The age of the surveyed gardens is from 15 to 89 years. In the waterlogged chernozem-meadow and chernozem-moist-meadow soils, the highest number of bacteria was noted, but the lowest number of fungi. The greatest amount of yeast and mold fungi (favorable for the apple rhizosphere micro flora) is noted in gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems. In the root layers of the near-stem strips of apple orchards, there were 2.3 times less bacteria, but 3.8 times more yeast and 4.4 times more fungi than in the aisles. There are more bacteria, yeast, and fungi in the humus horizon of the near-stem strips of old apple orchards than in the soils of younger orchards. As the age of the garden increases in the ratio “bacteria: yeast: fungi”, the proportion of yeast increases 2 times, and the proportion of fungi - 1.5 times. A year after stubbing the gardens in the 0-40 cm soil layer, the amount of molds becomes average between their content in the near-trunk strips and aisles. The death of trees on chestnut soil was noted where there were 5 times more bacteria, 2.5 times less yeast and 2 times less fungi.
Assessment of the compliance of biological characteristics of some grain crops to abiotic factors on the example of the steppe zone of Zavolzhye
Authors: Chetverikov F , Denisov K , Geraskina A , Morozova S , Alimpieva M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article identifies the optimal conditions for the growth of winter, spring durum and spring soft wheat in Zavolzhye. It has been established that the amount of precipitation in September of at least 120 mm at an average temperature of at least 15 °C and a hydrothermic coefficient value of at least 1.2 contributes to the formation of winter wheat yield of 3.5–4.0 t/ha. For spring durum wheat, the best combination of temperature and humidity conditions is at a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.0–1.2. At a hydrothermic coefficient 0.7, it is possible to put a grain yield of spring durum wheat of no more than 0.70 t/ha. Spring soft wheat forms the highest yield at an average temperature of 13 °C in April, 16 °C in May, 24–25 °C in June and 25–26 °C in July. The best combination of temperature and humidity conditions for the growing season of spring soft wheat and the formation of the maximum yield occurs when the hydrothermic coefficient is 1.0 in April; 0.8-1.0 in May; 0.7-0.9 in June; and 1.1-1.2 in July.
Photosynthetic activity of soybean crops in response to different sowing times under the environmental conditions of the Russian Far East
Authors: Fedorova T N , Aseeva T A , Selezneva N A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the optimal sowing time for photosynthetic activity in the soybean varieties «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» in the Russian Far East. We studied the influence of several parameters that induce photosynthetic activity on the productive qualities of soybean seeds from these varieties at different sowing dates. Studies have shown that the factor which most significantly determines biological productivity is leaf area. Here, leaf area accounted for 92.3% of the total productivity, with 77.3% depending on the photosynthetic potential of the soybean plants. Optimal conditions for the growth of soybean leaves and the duration of their function were created during the May sowing dates. The leaf area of «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» varieties decreased by 6–36% and 11–27%, respectively, at later sowing dates. The lowest net photosynthetic productivity in «Batya» was 2.0 g/m2/day during the late sowing period, and the maximum value recorded was 4.2 g/m2/day when sowing was at the end of May. The lowest photosynthetic productivity for the variety «Khabarovskiy Yubilyar» (3.4 g/m2/day) was also recorded in plants from the late sowing period.
Productivity of young cattle of the Kalmyk breed with stable-pasture technology of cultivation
Authors: Prystupa B N , Krotova O E , Mashtykov S S , Lidzhiev E B , Dordzhieva D E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors conducted a comparative analysis of growth energy indicators and dynamics of live weight of young Kalmyk breed at different levels of feeding during the suckling period. It is shown that during the entire period of cultivation, the consumption of metabolic energy in experimental bulls was 4000 MJ and 50 kg of digestible protein more than in peers of the control group. Additional feeding of suckling calves provided an advantage in the average daily growth in bulls by 70 g, and in heifers by 38 g per head per day. From the bulls of the experimental group, which have higher live weight indicators and a lower cost of 1 kg of growth than their peers in the control group, but with the same selling cost of 1 kg of live weight, 56.1% more profit was obtained and 5.3% higher profitability.
Resistance of citrus crops in Abkhazia to damage by the woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell)
Authors: Ayba L Ya , Karpun N N , Kulava L D , Shoshina E I , Sabekia D A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Citrus crops are the most important among subtropical crops in the Republic of Abkhazia. In 2019-2020 a new pest was discovered in the citrus agrocenosis of Abkhazia – the woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell). The pest has been identified in all regions of the country. The degree of damage to mandarin on industrial plantations reaches 50% and more. An assessment of the resistance of 79 varieties of citrus crops from the collection of the Institute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia to damage by a woolly whitefly (Gulrypsh district of the Republic of Abkhazia) was carried out. The degree of damage to citrus genotypes was different. It was found that the most affected varieties are Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, as well as C. × meyeri and C. aurantifolia Sw. Tangerine, orange varieties (Hamlin, Maro and Grushevidny Koroliok) and pompelmus varieties (Mato Buntan, Natsu mican, Meteleva) are the least damaged.
Diagnostics of the genus Acer L. diseases using the pathographic method on the territory of Sokolovogorsk Park in Saratov
Authors: Sokolskaya Olga B , Andrushko Tatyana A , Tokareva Vestislavna M , Yarmashevich Marina A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the diseases and pests of the trees of the genus Acer L. It was found out that the most resistant species on the territory of the studied object is Acer negundo L. It was found out also that 80-95% of black spot (Rhytisma acerinum) affect the leaves of Acer platanoides L., and powdery mildew (Uncinula aceris Sacc) damages them either. The brown spot (Phyllosticta fraxinicola) affects 50-68% of Acer campestre. The most effective chemical preparations have been determined, i.e. Skor (85-97%). Iron vitriol for the table (at a concentration of 8-10%, 400 g per 100 water) effectively helped to cope both with lichens - lichens disappeared during 4-6 days, and with powdery mildew, various rot disappeared up to 70-89%. Effective biological preparations have been identified to combat spottiness, such as Baktofit (positive result - 83%), Gamair (positive result - 80%), Fitosporin-M (positive result -78%).
Factors of the haploproducer method in the F1 hybrids system T. aestivum L. - Z. mays L. optimization
Authors: Burlutsky V A , Pronina I V , Zavarykina T M , Tulinova E A , Tsygankova N V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Preliminary results of optimization of the method of haploproducer Zea mays L. for hybrid genotypes of spring common wheat Triticum aestivum L. in order to create diploidized haploid lines and their integration into practical breeding are presented. Regularities of the regeneration of normal chlorophyll-bearing haploid plants and the dependence of the morphogenesis of haplo-embryoids in vitro on optimization factors of various genesis and their effectiveness on hybrids created on the basis of varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were revealed. It was found that the manifestation of the effect of heterosis contributes to an increase in the yield of haploid chlorophyll-bearing regenerants when receiving hybrids from parental forms with different responsiveness to androgenesis and haploproducing. The advantage of the ecological-geographical principle of selection of parental pairs in increasing the degree of responsiveness of hybrid genotypes of spring wheat to in vitro androgenesis and haploproducing is shown. The practical advantage of the haploproducer method in the F1 system of T. aestivum - Z. mays in comparison with the androgenesis method in the anther culture in vitro is a higher optimization potential in summa. In order to intensify the biotechnological breeding process, it is recommended to use the optimized method of the haploproducer - Z. mays, which provides for the cumulative twel-method of pollination with a mixture of pollen from maize lines with different haplo-producing properties (increasing the quantitative yield of haplo-embryos) and a hormone stimulation scheme with pretreatment of the spike material of the hybrids with epibrassinolide (increasing the degree of their differentiation), which in total makes it possible to significantly accelerate the creation of diploidized haploid lines, regardless of the influence of the genotype of the original hybrids.
The Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles in the Center of European Russia
Authors: Shukov P M , Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents new data on the number and distribution of the Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga and A. pomarina) in 9 regions located in the central part of European Russia. The area under surveys is 415,900 km2. The results of surveys carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod region (76,900 km2) in 2014-2020 allow us to characterize the level of underestimation of the Greater Spotted Eagle in the region in previous periods, as well as estimate the degree of knowledge of the species in adjacent regions and calculate the probable number of the Greater Spotted Eagle in the study area (about 500 breeding pairs). In the central part of the Russian Plain, the important areas for the Great Spotted Eagle have been identified, which are very significant for the species conservation. The activities to protect the Greater Spotted Eagle are discussed. They should combine the establishment of protected areas and regulation of nature management aimed at the conservation of breeding habitats. The Lesser Spotted Eagle expanding its home range rapidly to the east has been shown. The relevance, great theoretical and practical significance of the study of the Lesser Spotted Eagle population, developing in the center of European Russia has been demonstrated.
Yield of barley grain and returns of fertilizers when applying different doses in the Vologda region
Authors: Chukhina O V , Demidova A I , Obryaeva O D , Kulakova I E , Demidov N S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents studies conducted in 2015 - 2018. in the field of stationary long-term experience. It was found that the studied fertilization systems made it possible to increase the yield of spring barley grain from 90 to 120% in comparison with the control, nitrogen removal of 1 ton of grain with the corresponding amount of straw - by 4-6 kg. The payment for the applied fertilizer systems was the highest in the variant where 44 kg of a.i. / ha were applied. An increase in fertilizer doses up to 210-230 and more kg a.i. / ha showed a tendency towards a decrease in the payment for fertilizers by the crop.
Digitalization and automation of the agricultural sector
Authors: Evdokimova Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The research is aimed at studying the necessity and readiness of the agricultural sector for digital changes. New opportunities offered by digitalization to the agricultural sector have been identified. Creating final value for the consumer of the agricultural sector is complicated. Automation allows you to optimize each component of the process, as well as the overall results. Legal positions of optimization of digital changes in the agricultural sector in Russia are studied. The factors hindering the introduction of digital technologies in the agricultural sector in Russia are considered in detail. The structure of the implemented national platform for digital state management of agriculture “Digital agriculture” is considered. Seven main directions of digital development of agriculture are presented. The analysis of the created catalog of digital technologies in the segment of agriculture is made. Digital technologies in the agricultural sector that are in steady demand are identified. We consider popular technologies that were at the peak of expectations, and then reached the plateau of productivity. New digital trends that are changing the agricultural industry have been studied.
Assessment of the state of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Chernyakov M K , Chernyakova M M , Chernyakova I A , Gritsenko G M , Gromov S S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the state and prospects of the process of transformation of the agro-industrial complex into a digital economy. A comparative analysis of the digitalization process in Russia and its region-the Novosibirsk region. It was found that the rate of digitalization in the Novosibirsk region is higher than the average for Russia and the Siberian Federal district. Agricultural risks of the digital economy are identified. Priority directions for the development of digitalization of the agricultural sector of the Novosibirsk region are outlined.
Measures to improve the effectiveness of state support for agriculture at the regional level
Authors: Kuznetsova M V , Zinovyeva E G , Skripchenko A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acceleration of the pace of development of science and technology in recent decades requires a change in approaches to the formation and implementation of state innovation policy. In developed countries, more than 80% of economic growth is achieved through the innovative development of economic sectors. The progressive development of agricultural production is also conditioned by the implementation of scientific and technological achievements through their approbation and development in production. The article analyzes the main measures to improve the efficiency of state support for agriculture at the regional level on the example of the Chelyabinsk region.
Effect of pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Dvoryashina T A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article examines the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment on the structure of the onion crop. It was found that treatment with Probiotic (1:100), Eco-organic (0.1), with a content of silver nanoparticles (30 ppm) contributed to the production of onions (Allium cepa L.) with a bulb diameter of 15.1-22 mm in an amount of 71.5 to 84.0 %.
Digitalization of crop production: development trends
Authors: Buklagin Dmitry Savvich , Goltyapin Vladimir Yakovlevich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is shown that digital technologies, which are the basis of modern management systems and optimization of technological processes in agriculture, allow agribusiness to obtain the necessary information for decision-making, optimize resources and reduce the cost of production. The main trends in the development of digitalization of crop production-production management, satellite technologies, intellectualization of agricultural machinery-are considered. To reduce the technological gap between Russia and the world’s leading countries in terms of labor productivity in agriculture through the development of digitalization of technological processes, agriculture needs direct support from farmers who master technologies and equipment with a high intellectual component that can ensure the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the industry.
Mechanisms for involving unused agricultural land in turnover on the example of the agrarian region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kustysheva I N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents proposals for the involvement of unused agricultural land on the example of the agrarian region of Russia, an analysis of the land fund of this region is carried out. The main federal and regional programs that have been developed and implemented in different regions of the Russian Federation with the aim of involving unused land plots are considered and studied. The prospects for the development of the territory of the Russian Federation are identified, taking into account the developed proposals for the introduction of land into the country’s economic turnover and the provision of land plots to citizens for use. Directions and mechanisms for the involvement of unused lands are proposed.
Digital management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Dmitrievsky B , Terekhova A , Knfer S Al , Ameedee M Al , Senan A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article describes the task of developing a management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The work in the field of managing the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects is analyzed and their shortcomings are identified. The essence of the problem is defined, the justification of the use of information technologies for its solution is given. The methodology of creating a digital management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects is proposed. The functional and information model of the management system is presented, which consists of the following blocks: conducting marketing research, creating innovative projects, evaluating innovative potential, forming a portfolio of innovative projects, and evaluating the effectiveness of investments. Design decisions are justified, information support is developed and its software implementation is considered. The proposed management system can be used for any organizational structure of an agricultural enterprise. The system is designed to provide the management of the enterprise with the necessary and sufficient set of indicators for decision-making and is used by employees of advertising, production, marketing and sales departments, development of innovative projects.
Stimulating the innovative activity of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kiselitsa E P , Shilova N N , Liman I A , Kuprina A V , Vorona V V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the state of the processes of stimulating innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex in Russia. The problems that slow down the implementation of innovative projects in agriculture are studied. A conceptual-logical model of the implementation of innovative activities of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is proposed, which ensures the development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of science-intensive technologies.
Theoretical justification of film electric heater parameters as a source of infrared radiation in the technology of drying green crops
Authors: Popov V M , Epishkov E N , Afonkina V A , Krivosheeva E I , Levinsky V N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Storage of green crops for a long time, possibly at a moisture content of no higher than 15%. Therefore, drying plays a decisive role in this technological process. The rationality of the choice of drying technology is judged by two criteria: high energy efficiency and the degree of mitigation of the thermal effect on the product structure. The use of IR radiation in the process of drying green crops is one of the promising directions. A film electric heater is one of the sources of infrared radiation, which is able to provide high-quality low-temperature drying. Investigating the drying of green crops using electric film heaters, we substantiated the necessary parameters of the radiation source based on the optical characteristics of the drying object. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Chelyabinsk Region within the framework of the scientific project No. 20-416-740001. The article describes the design of an electric film heater. Based on the optical characteristics of the absorption spectrum of dill and parsley, as well as the laws of thermal radiation, the necessary temperature regime for the operation of the heater as a source of infrared radiation is substantiated. Based on this, the choice of the power density and design parameters of the film electric heater is made. An analysis of the absorption spectrum led to the conclusion that all the main maxima are in the wavelength range from 4 μm to 11 μm. Calculations have shown that the maximum integral radiation flux in this range is provided at an average temperature of the emitter surface of about 500C. Moreover, to cover the two largest maxima, the temperature of various points of the heater should be in the range from 460C to 900C. This is achievable at a power density of an electric film heater of about 260 W / m2 and a distance between current-carrying elements of 4.5 cm. The analysis of the results obtained, and the technical features of the electric film heater indicates the possibility of its application to create effective modes of drying green crops. The upper end of the temperature range during the drying process is the limit for polyethylene terephthalate. Therefore, the goal of further research is to find solutions to increase the reliability of the film electric heater.