bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Energy‐Density Quinone‐Based Electrodes with [Al(OTF)]2+ Storage Mechanism for Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Li Yixin , Liu Luojia , Lu Yong , Shi Ruijuan , Ma Yilin , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRechargeable aqueous aluminum batteries (AABs) are potential candidates for future large‐scale energy storage due to their large capacity and the high abundance of aluminum. However, AABs face the challenges of inferior rate capability and cycling life due to the high charge density of Al3+, which induces the sluggish intercalation/extraction dynamics and structure collapse of inorganic cathode materials during discharge–charge cycles. Here, the optimization of macrocyclic calix[4]quinone (C4Q) with a large cavity and multi‐adjacent carbonyls structure from quinone compounds to become excellent cathode materials for high‐energy‐density AABs is reported. It exhibits a high capacity of 400 mAh g−1, a high rate capability (300 mAh g−1 at 800 mA g−1), and an excellent low‐temperature performance (224 mAh g−1 at −20 °C). The combination of experiments and theoretical calculations proves that Al(OTF)2+ cations coordinate with the carbonyl groups of C4Q during the discharge process, which can reduce desolvation penalty. Moreover, the fabricated pouch‐type Al‐C4Q battery delivers an energy density of 93 Wh kg−1cell, showing great potential for large‐scale applications. This work is expected to facilitate the application of organic cathode for AABs.
Self‐Healing, Robust, and Stretchable Electrode by Direct Printing on Dynamic Polyurea Surface at Slightly Elevated Temperature
Authors: Liu Shuqi , Chen Song , Shi Wei , Peng Zefei , Luo Kaiying , Xing Shuting , Li Jiatian , Liu Zunfeng , Liu Lan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrinted electronics on elastomer substrates have found wide applications in wearable devices and soft robotics. For everyday usage, additional requirements exist for the robustness of the printed flexible electrodes, such as the ability to resist scratching and damage. Therefore, highly robust electrodes with self‐healing, and good mechanical strength and stretchability are highly required and challenging. In this paper, a cross‐linking polyurea using polydimethylsiloxane as the soft segment and dynamic urea bonds is prepared and serves as a self‐healing elastomer substrate for coating and printing of silver nanowires (AgNWs). Due to the dynamic exchangeable urea bond at 60 °C, the elastomer exhibits dynamic exchange of the cross‐linking network while retaining the macroscopic shape. As a result, the AgNWs are partially embedded in the surface of the elastomer substrate when coated or printed at 60 °C, forming strong interfacial adhesion. As a result, the obtained stretchable electrode exhibits high mechanical strength and stretchability, the ability to resist scratching and sonication, and self‐healing. This strategy can be applied to a variety of different conducting electrode materials including AgNWs, silver particles, and liquid metal, which provides a new way to prepare robust and self‐healing printed electronics.
Chemodivergent Photocatalytic Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Quintavalla Arianna , Veronesi Ruben , Carboni Davide , Martinelli Ada , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Mummolo Liviana , Lombardo Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA synthetic procedure, catalysed by Ir(ppy)3 under visible‐light irradiation, for the chemodivergent synthesis of 2,3‐dihydrofurans (3) or β,γ‐unsaturated ketones (7) starting from α‐halo ketones (1) and alkenes (2) has been developed. The mild reaction conditions and the redox‐neutral nature of the process make it particularly sustainable avoiding the use of both sacrificial reactants and stoichiometric strong oxidants. Careful experimental investigations, supported by DFT calculations, allowed to disclose in details a possible mechanistic pathway and to direct the synthesis chemodivergently either toward 3 or 7, depending not only on the nature of the substrates, but also on the choice of the experimental conditions.magnified image
Electrochemical Generation of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Use in Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Schotten Christiane , Bourne Richard A. , Kapur Nikil , Nguyen Bao N. , Willans Charlotte E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical generation of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) offers a mild and selective alternative to traditional synthetic methods that usually rely on strong bases and air‐sensitive materials. The use of electrons as reagents results in an efficient and clean synthesis that enables the direct use of NHCs in various applications. Herein, the use of electrogenerated NHCs in organocatalysis, synthesis and organometallic chemistry is explored.magnified image
Averting co‐extinction: Successful mussel translocation rescues an endangered population of the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus
Authors: Kamocki Andrzej , Urbańska Maria , Biereżnoj‐Bazille Urszula , Ożgo Małgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Local extinctions break species interactions and have cascading effects throughout ecosystems; parasites are often severely affected. The European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus, is a cyprinid fish that parasitizes unionid mussels by laying eggs into the mussel gill cavity, where embryos develop and emerge as active juveniles; this relationship is obligatory for the bitterling.
This article describes a field experiment aimed at averting the secondary extinction of the European bitterling after a complete die‐off of a freshwater mussel community, as a result of habitat destruction.
Approximately 5,000 unionid mussels were reintroduced within the short time frame in which the remnant bitterling population was still present at the site. Mussel survival was high, and bitterling resumed reproduction, with vigorous courtship observed within 24 hours of mussel release. Recruitment was successful, as evidenced by increased occupancy, densities, and relative frequencies in the fish assemblage. The frequency of sub‐adults and young‐of‐the‐year changed from 0% before mussel reintroduction to 80% a year later, and 50% 2 years later, when young‐of‐the‐year contributed to about half of the young fish. No bitterling were observed at two control sites where mussels were not reintroduced.
This study exemplifies how the timely restitution of affiliate species can avert co‐extinction. It also shows how the conservation of the bitterling within its historical distribution range can serve mussel conservation, including species that although not legally protected, are important keystone species and ecosystem engineers, shaping the structure and function of a broad range of freshwater habitats.
Evaluation of antityrosinase activity and mechanism, antioxidation, and UV filter properties of theaflavin
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Ran Mengnan , Wang Meixia , Liu Xinying , Liu Siwan , Ruan Zhipeng , Jin Nan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTyrosinase is a key metalloenzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin that plays a critical role in the prevention of skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the overproduction of melanin may cause a variety of skin diseases. Due to the toxicity and inefficiency of existing tyrosinase inhibitors, it is urgent to identify safe and potent alternatives from natural sources. Theaflavin, a single‐component extracted from black tea, has been found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Herein, the inhibition kinetics of theaflavin on tyrosinase and inhibitory mechanism were determined using spectroscopy, molecular docking, and zebrafish model. The results showed that theaflavin inhibited the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase in a reversible mixed type manner with IC50 of 229.75 μmol/L and hindered the synthesis of melanin in zebrafish. This may be due to the formation of eight hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects between theaflavin and tyrosinase according to the results of molecular docking. To study the possible effects on the prevention of free radical‐mediated skin cancer and photoaging caused by UV radiation, the antioxidation and UV filter properties of theaflavin were further verified. This study demonstrates that theaflavin is a potential multifunctional compound that can be used in cosmetic and medicinal products.
A dual‐channel ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent chemosensor for high selectivity and sensitivity detection of CN¯ based on a coumarin‐Schiff base derivative in an aqueous system
Authors: Ding Wen‐Min , Wu Ya , Zhang Shu‐Zhen , Li Jing , Xu Li , Sun Yin‐Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNovel strategies still need to be proposed that can be used to identify and detect toxic environmental pollutants. In this paper, two channels of colorimetry and fluorescence ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent probe 1 (7‐hydroxy‐8‐[(2‐hydroxy‐phenylimino)‐ methyl]‐4‐methylbenzopyran‐2‐one) for the simple yet highly selective detection of CN¯ have been successfully designed and synthesized. Crystal features of probe 1 were defined using X‐ray single crystal diffractometry. Probe 1 showed a strongly colorimetric and fluorescence response to CN¯ that induced obvious naked‐eye colour changes in aqueous solution (DMSO/H2O, 3:1 v:v). In addition, probe 1 for CN¯ detection displayed low detection limits of 3.91 × 10−8 M, which were significantly lower than the 1.9 × 10−6 M maximum level specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) for potable water. The sensing mechanism for probe 1 was attributed to the deprotonation process as shown by 1H NMR titration. Moreover, based on the visible colorimetry and fluorescence change for probe 1 to CN¯, measurement was performed for simulated water samples containing CN¯. This study provides a broad prospect for solving other pollution problems and promoting the design of new fluorescent materials.
Fears of compassion magnify the harmful effects of threat of COVID‐19 on mental health and social safeness across 21 countries
Authors: Matos Marcela , McEwan Kirsten , Kanovský Martin , Halamová Júlia , Steindl Stanley R. , Ferreira Nuno , Linharelhos Mariana , Rijo Daniel , Asano Kenichi , Gregório Sónia , Márquez Margarita G. , Vilas Sara P. , Brito‐Pons Gonzalo , Lucena‐Santos Paola , da Silva Oliveira Margareth , de Souza Erika Leonardo , Llobenes Lorena , Gumiy Natali , Costa Maria Ileana , Habib Noor , Hakem Reham , Khrad Hussain , Alzahrani Ahmad , Cheli Simone , Petrocchi Nicola , Tholouli Elli , Issari Philia , Simos Gregoris , Lunding‐Gregersen Vibeke , Elklit Ask , Kolts Russell , Kelly Allison C. , Bortolon Catherine , Delamillieure Pascal , Paucsik Marine , Wahl Julia E. , Zieba Mariusz , Zatorski Mateusz , Komendziński Tomasz , Zhang Shuge , Basran Jaskaran , Kagialis Antonios , Kirby James , Gilbert Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a massive global health crisis with damaging consequences to mental health and social relationships. Exploring factors that may heighten or buffer the risk of mental health problems in this context is thus critical. Whilst compassion may be a protective factor, in contrast fears of compassion increase vulnerability to psychosocial distress and may amplify the impact of the pandemic on mental health. This study explores the magnifying effects of fears of compassion on the impact of perceived threat of COVID‐19 on depression, anxiety and stress, and social safeness.MethodsAdult participants from the general population (N = 4057) were recruited across 21 countries worldwide, and completed self‐report measures of perceived threat of COVID‐19, fears of compassion (for self, from others, for others), depression, anxiety, stress and social safeness.ResultsPerceived threat of COVID‐19 predicted increased depression, anxiety and stress. The three flows of fears of compassion predicted higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress and lower social safeness. All fears of compassion moderated (heightened) the impact of perceived threat of COVID‐19 on psychological distress. Only fears of compassion from others moderated the effects of likelihood of contracting COVID‐19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries.ConclusionsFears of compassion have a universal magnifying effect on the damaging impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Compassion focused interventions and communications could be implemented to reduce resistances to compassion and promote mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic.
Synthesis, Stability, and Diels‐Alder Reactions of Methyl 2‐Oxobut‐3‐enoate
Authors: Jessen Bo M. , Taarning Esben , Madsen Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMethyl vinyl glycolate (MVG, methyl 2‐hydroxybut‐3‐enoate) is a new biobased platform chemical, which is available by degradation of carbohydrates. In the present work, the oxidation of MVG to methyl 2‐oxobut‐3‐enoate has been investigated and a procedure developed with the Dess‐Martin periodinane. Methyl 2‐oxobut‐3‐enoate has not been characterized before and is stable for days at −18 °C, but slowly dimerizes by an unusual hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction at room temperature. Therefore, the reactivity of methyl 2‐oxobut‐3‐enoate in the normal Diels‐Alder reaction with 1,3‐dienes has been investigated and a one‐pot procedure developed where MVG is first oxidized with the Dess‐Martin periodinane followed by the addition of the 1,3‐diene. A number of different 1,3‐dienes can take part in the cycloaddition to afford the functionalized cyclohexene products in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Study on a new cascade utilize method for ship waste heat based on TEG‐ORC combined cycle
Authors: Liu Changxin , Liu Jianhao , Ye Wenxiang , Li Huaan , Zhao Cong , Wang Huibin , Xu Minyi , Pan Xinxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to achieve the efficient cascade utilization of various ship's waste heat, improve the energy efficiency of ships and meet the strict requirements of the new international carbon emission regulations, this article proposes a of TEG‐ORC (thermoelectric power generation/organic Rankine cycle) combined cycle, and designs the experimental system. Coupling characteristics of each bottom cycle are taken as the entry point in the combined cycle, using the method of system simulation, the influence of TEG/ORC bottom cycle ratio, evaporation pressure and flow rate of ORC working fluid flow on the key performance of system output power, system thermal efficiency, and waste heat utilization rate of main engine flue gas are studied. The results show that TEG‐ORC combined cycle can overcome the limitations of TEG or ORC, maximize the recovery amount of waste heat, improve the stability and safety of ORC bottom cycle, simulation results show that when the bottom cycle ratio (QTEG/QORC) is 0.52, the maximum output power and maximum thermal efficiency of the experimental system are 2933.7w and 24.68%, respectively. In this condition, the scale of TEG bottom cycle is 41 pieces, the ORC working fluid flow rate is 0.046 kg/s, and the ORC working medium evaporation pressure is 3 MPa.
Conversion of Karanja oil to biodiesel using modified heterogeneous base catalyst
Authors: Bojaraj Divya , Sai Bharadwaj Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi , Khadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa Begum , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the recent times, biodiesel production from various non‐edible oil sources has received a lot of attention. Karanja oil is chosen mainly due to its availability and low cost. It is a nitrogen fixing tree cultivated to enhance soil quality. Transesterification of Karanja oil to biodiesel using a basic solid modified heterogeneous catalyst has been discussed in the present study. Aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3 impregnated on calcined marble (Al(NO3)3/calcined marble), prepared by wet impregnation method (25%), is used as a modified heterogeneous base catalyst. Surface morphology of the synthesized catalyst is determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzer and the composition of various elements present in the prepared catalyst is analyzed using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS analyzer). 67.56 (wt/wt) of calcium oxide (CaO) is observed for calcined marble and 78.19 (wt/wt %) of CaO has been noticed for impregnated catalyst (Al(NO3)3/calcined marble). A maximum biodiesel yield of 96.5% and a conversion of 97.43% was obtained at an optimum methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1 (mol/mol), 4 (wt %) of catalyst concentration and 1.5 (h) reaction time respectively. The entire composition of formed biodiesel is determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyzer and conversion of Karanja oil to biodiesel is measured using 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyzer.
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in female patients with an eating disorder with or without impulsive non‐suicidal self‐injury
Authors: Claes Laurence , Buelens Tinne , Depestele Lies , Dierckx Eva , Schoevaerts Katrien , Luyckx Koen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIn the present study, we investigated differences in obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with an eating disorder (ED) with or without recent/lifetime impulsive non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). We included 429 female inpatients with an ED, of whom 31.9% engaged in recent impulsive NSSI and 56.4% in lifetime impulsive NSSI.MaterialsThey filled out the Eating Disorder Evaluation Scale, the Self‐Injury Questionnaire‐Treatment Related and the Padua Inventory‐Revised (OC symptoms).Methods and ResultsPatients with anorexia nervosa, binge‐eating/purging type (AN‐BP) and bulimia nervosa (BN) engaged more frequently in recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI compared to patients with anorexia nervosa, restrictive‐type (AN‐R). Two MANCOVAs with OC symptoms as dependent variables, and ED subtypes and recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI as independent variables controlling for age and body mass index showed the main effects of ED subtypes and recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI. Patients with AN‐BP reported significantly more impulses (i.e., being afraid of losing control over motor behaviours) compared to patients with AN‐R and BN. ED patients with impulsive recent/lifetime NSSI scored significantly higher on all OC scales compared to patients without NSSI.Discussion and ConclusionIn sum, the presence of recent/lifetime impulsive NSSI in patients with an ED seems to be related to more severe OC symptoms. Hence, this comorbidity needs to be addressed in psychotherapy, such as in transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for EDs.
Impacts to Larval Fathead Minnows Vary between Preconsumer and Environmental Microplastics
Authors: Bucci Kennedy , Bikker Jacqueline , Stevack Kathleen , Watson-Leung Trudy , Rochman Chelsea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microplastics are a complex suite of contaminants varying in size, shape, polymer, and associated chemicals and are sometimes referred to as a “multiple stressor.” Still, the majority of studies testing hypotheses about their effects use commercially bought microplastics of a uniform size, shape, and type. We investigated the effects of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics purchased as preproduction pellets (referred to as “preconsumer”) and a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene collected from the environment (environmental microplastic). Embryo-stage fathead minnows were exposed to either the physical plastic particles and their leachates or the chemical leachates alone at an environmentally relevant (280 particles/L) or high (2800 particles/L) concentration for 14 d. The effects of microplastics differed by polymer type and presence of environmental contaminants, and effects can be driven by the physical particles and/or the chemical leachates alone. Larvae exposed to preconsumer polyethylene experienced a decrease in survival, length, and weight, whereas preconsumer polypropylene caused an increase in weight. Environmental microplastics caused a more drastic increase in length and weight and almost 6 times more deformities as the preconsumer microplastics. Although preconsumer microplastics caused effects only when organisms were exposed to both the particles and the chemical leachates, the environmental microplastics caused effects when organisms were exposed to the chemical leachates alone, suggesting that the mechanism of effects are context-dependent. The present study provides further support for treating microplastics as a multiple stressor and suggests that testing for effects with pristine microplastics may underestimate the true effects of microplastics in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:858–868. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Fathead minnow larvae were exposed to preconsumer polyethylene (PE), preconsumer polypropylene (PP), and a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene collected from the environment. Our results indicate that the effects of microplastics are driven by both polymer type and presence of environmental contaminants.
On‐tissue chemical derivatization reagents for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Merdas Mira , Lagarrigue Mélanie , Vanbellingen Quentin , Umbdenstock Thierry , Da Violante Georges , Pineau Charles 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is a key tool for the analysis of biological tissues. It provides spatial and quantitative information about different types of analytes within tissue sections. Despite the increasing improvements of this technique, the low detection sensitivity of some compounds remains an important challenge to overcome. Poor sensitivity is related to weak ionization efficiency, low abundance of analytes and matrix ions, or endogenous interferences. On‐tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) has proven to be an important solution to these issues and is increasingly employed in MALDI MSI studies. OTCD reagents, synthesized or commercially available, have been essentially used for the detection of small exogenous or endogenous molecules within tissues. Optimally, an OTCD reaction is performed in mild conditions, in an acceptable range of time, preserves the integrity of the tissues, and prevents the delocalization. In addition to their reactivity with a targeted chemical function, some OTCD reagents can also be used as a matrix, which simplifies the sample preparation procedure. In this review, we present an exhaustive overview of OTCD reagents and methods used in MALDI MSI studies.