bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Social Determinants of Health and Their Cumulative Impact on Hospitalization Among a National Sample of Community-Dwelling US Adults
Authors: Wray Charlie M. , Tang Janet , López Lenny , Hoggatt Katherine , Keyhani Salomeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Importance
While the association between Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and health outcomes is well known, few studies have explored the impact of SDOH on hospitalization.

Objective
Examine the independent association and cumulative effect of six SDOH domains on hospitalization.

Design
Using cross-sectional data from the 2016–2018 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS), we used multivariable logistical regression models controlling for sociodemographics and comorbid conditions to assess the association of each SDOH and SDOH burden (i.e., cumulative number of SDOH) with hospitalization.

Setting
National survey of community-dwelling individuals in the US

Participants
Adults ≥18 years who responded to the NHIS survey

Exposure
Six SDOH domains (economic instability, lack of community, educational deficits, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to medical care)

Measures
Hospitalization within 1 year

Results
Among all 55,186 respondents, most were ≤50 years old (54.2%), female (51.7%, 95% CI 51.1–52.3), non-Hispanic (83.9%, 95% CI 82.4–84.5), identified as White (77.9%, 95% CI 76.8–79.1), and had health insurance (90%, 95% CI 88.9–91.9). Hospitalized individuals (n=5506; 8.7%) were more likely to be ≥50 years old (61.2%), female (60.7%, 95% CI 58.9–62.4), non-Hispanic (87%, 95% CI 86.2–88.4), and identify as White (78.5%, 95% CI 76.7–80.3), compared to those who were not hospitalized. Hospitalized individuals described poorer overall health, reporting higher incidence of having ≥5 comorbid conditions (38.9%, 95% CI 37.1–40.1) compared to those who did not report a hospitalization (15.9%, 95% CI 15.4–16.5). Hospitalized respondents reported higher rates of economic instability (33%), lack of community (14%), educational deficits (67%), food insecurity (14%), social isolation (34%), and less access to health care (6%) compared to non-hospitalized individuals. In adjusted analysis, food insecurity (OR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.52), social isolation (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26), and lower educational attainment (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.25) were associated with hospitalization, while a higher SDOH burden was associated with increased odds of hospitalization (3–4 SDOH [OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.06–1.49] and ≥5 SDOH [OR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.40–2.06]) compared to those who reported no SDOH.

Conclusions
Among community-dwelling US adults, three SDOH domains: food insecurity, social isolation, and low educational attainment increase an individual’s risk of hospitalization. Additionally, risk of hospitalization increases as SDOH burden increases.
Necessitism, Contingentism, and Lewisian Modal Realism
Authors: Nencha Cristina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNecessitism is the controversial thesis that necessarily everything is necessarily something, namely that everything, everywhere, necessarily exists. What is controversial about necessitism is that, at its core, it claims that things could not have failed to exist, while we have a pre-theoretical intuition that not everything necessarily exists. Contingentism, in accordance with common sense, denies necessitism: it claims that some things could have failed to exist. Timothy Williamson is a necessitist and claims that David Lewis is a necessitist too. The paper argues that, granted the assumptions that lead to interpret the Lewisian as a necessitist, she can preserve contingentist intuitions, by genuinely agreeing with the folk that existence is contingent. This is not just the uncontroversial claim that the Lewisian, as a result of the prevalence of restricted quantification in counterpart theoretic regimentations of natural language, can agree with the folk while disagreeing with them in the metaphysical room. Rather, this is the claim that it is in the metaphysical room that the Lewisian can endorse the intuitions lying behind contingentism.
LncRNA SNHG5 promotes the glycolysis and proliferation of breast cancer cell through regulating BACH1 via targeting miR-299
Authors: Huang Shu-Lin , Huang Zhong-Cheng , Zhang Chao-Jie , Xie Jing , Lei Shan-Shan , Wu Ya-Qin , Fan Pei-Zhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Accumulating studies have been reported that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG5 is highly expressed in BC. However, the specific molecular mechanism of SNHG5 in BC is unclear.MethodsGene and protein expressions in BC cell were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The proliferation and cell cycle were measured using colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis, separately. The glucose consumption and lactate production were determined by using the glucose assay kit and lactate assay kit. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to measure the interaction between miR-299 and SNHG5 or BACH1.ResultsSNHG5 and BACH1 expressions were increased in BC cell while miR-299 level was decreased. SNHG5 increased BACH1 expression by directly targeting miR-299. SNHG5 silencing or miR-299 overexpression suppressed the proliferation of BC cell, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 cell phase, and decreased the glucose consumption and lactate production of BC cell. However, inhibition of miR-299 or overexpression of BACH1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of sh-SNHG5 on cell proliferation and glycolysis in BC.ConclusionSNHG5 promoted the BC cell growth and glycolysis through up-regulating BACH1 expression via targeting miR-299. These findings may improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to BC.
Revealing ancient gold parting with silver and copper isotopes: implications from cementation experiments and for the analysis of gold artefacts
Authors: Berger Daniel , Brauns Michael , Brügmann Gerhard , Pernicka Ernst , Lockhoff Nicole 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGold parting enabled the production of very pure gold for various purposes from the sixth century BC onwards, but analytical proof of this pyrotechnical process is difficult. We describe a new analytical approach for the identification of purified gold combining silver and copper isotopic with trace element analyses. Parting experiments were performed with gold-silver-copper alloys using the classical salt cementation process to investigate potential silver and copper isotope fractionation and changes in trace element concentrations. In addition, we provide the first comprehensive dataset of silver isotope ratios of archaeological gold objects from the Mediterranean and Central Europe to test whether or not gold refining can be identified on the basis of isotope systematics. The results show that very heavy silver and copper isotopic compositions are clear evidence for parted gold, but that the application of copper isotopes might be limited.
Paying with your personal data: the insensitivity of private information provision to asymmetric benefits
Authors: Rockenbach Bettina , Sadrieh Abdolkarim , Schielke Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInternet services are often free of charge but ask for customers’ personal data in exchange for usage. We experimentally study whether the provision of information-based public goods is susceptible to restraint when contributions not only make contributors better off but also enable a non-contributing “big player” to acquire substantial profits. We show that the presence of the big player crowds out the willingness to provide neutral tokens, but no such effect is observed for the provision of private information. Hence, collecting anonymized personal data instead of monetary fees can be more profitable to service providers and create greater benefits for customers.
Modulation of ERG gene expression in fluconazole-resistant human and animal isolates of Trichophyton verrucosum
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik , Dyląg Mariusz , Ptaszyńska Aneta , Nowakiewicz Aneta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDermatophytes are a group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by high capacity to colonize keratinized structures such as the skin, hair, and nails. Over the past years, the incidence of infections caused by zoophilic species, e.g., Trichophyton verrucosum, has been increasing in some parts of the world, especially in Europe. Moreover, the emergence of recalcitrant dermatophytoses and in vitro resistant dermatophytes has become a cause of concern worldwide. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying resistance to fluconazole among clinical isolates of T. verrucosum. Quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to determine the relative expression levels of mRNA transcripts of ERG3, ERG6, and ERG11 genes in the fungal samples using the housekeeping gene GAPDH as a reference. Our results showed that the upregulation of the ERG gene expression is a possible mechanism of resistance to fluconazole in this species. Furthermore, ERG11 is the most statistically significantly overexpressed gene in the pool of fluconazole-resistant T. verrucosum isolates. Additionally, we have demonstrated that exposure to fluconazole increases the levels of expression of ERG genes in fluconazole-resistant isolates of T. verrucosum. In conclusion, this study has shown one of the possible mechanisms of resistance to fluconazole among zoophilic dermatophytes, which involves the maintenance of high levels of expression of ERG genes after drug exposure.
Examination of Treatment Duration, Treatment Success and Obstetric Results According to the Vaginismus Grades
Authors: Kiremitli Sevil , Kiremitli Tunay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In patients with vaginismus, the treatment becomes more challenging and the treatment may take longer as the grade of vaginismus is higher or worsens. However, the differences regarding treatment duration, success, and treatment methods by grades are not evident in the literature.

Aim
The aim of this study is to answer the question, “Does the number of treatment sessions, dilator requirement, treatment success, pre-& post-treatment FSFI scores and obstetric results of vaginismus patients change depending on the vaginismus-grade?”

Methods
The patients were divided into 4 grades according to the Lamont classification. They underwent stepwise treatment sessions by a single gynecologist. Treatment success, duration of treatment, mechanical dilator requirement, duration from marriage, pre- and post-treatment FSFI scores, pregnancy rates, and delivery types were compared between patients at different grades.

Main Outcome Measures
Assessment of the differences between vaginismus-grades by comparing clinical observations and FSFI-scores.

Results
Pain-free sexual intercourse occurred in 85 (93.4%) of 91 primary-vaginismus patients included in our study. The success rate was 100% in grade 1, 95.2% in grade 2, 92.1% in grade 3, and 92% in grade 4. Treatment session durations of the patients differed significantly by grades (P &lt; .05). Same way the duration from marriage at the time of application differed significantly by the grade (P &lt; .05). While there was a significant relationship between vaginismus grade and dilator requirement, there was no significant relationship between vaginismus grade and delivery type (P &lt; .05). 54.5% of 44 patients, who got pregnant, delivered by cesarean-section. There was a significant increase in FSFI scores in all groups in the pre- and post-treatment third month (P &lt; ,05).

Conclusion
Patients should be notified that as the grades of vaginismus progress, the duration of the treatment may extend, and its success may decrease, the requirement for mechanical dilators will increase in the advanced grade, and the grade may progress as the application period for treatment is delayed.
Longitudinal Changes in Liver Enzyme Levels Among Transgender People Receiving Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Hashemi Leila , Zhang Qi , Getahun Darios , Jasuja Guneet K. , McCracken Courtney , Pisegna Joseph , Roblin Douglas , Silverberg Michael J. , Tangpricha Vin , Vupputuri Suma , Goodman Michael 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe effect of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on clinical laboratory parameters, including levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), is an area of uncertainty in transgender health.AimWe sought to estimate the distribution parameters of liver enzyme levels among transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) persons receiving GAHT relative to the corresponding measures in cisgender reference groups, and to evaluate longitudinal changes in these laboratory measures following GAHT initiation.MethodsThe data for this longitudinal study included 624 TF and 438 transmasculine (TM) people as well as 4,090 cisgender males and 4,797 cisgender females enrolled in 3 integrated health systems. Time under observation was divided into 2 intervals: from the first blood test to the date of the first filled GAHT prescription and from GAHT initiation to the most recent ALT or AST measurement. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in log-transformed ALT and AST values among transgender cohort members before and after GAHT initiation, and relative to the reference groups. The results were expressed as relative differences (in %) and the ratios of these differences (ratios-of-ratios) along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).OutcomesChanges in ALT and AST levels among transgender people over time and relative to the corresponding changes in cisgender referents.RESULTSAmong TM study participants, the post GAHT ratios-of-ratios for AST were 1.61 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.31) and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.31) relative to cisgender males and females respectively. For ALT, the corresponding comparisons yielded the ratios-of-ratios (95% CIs) of 2.06 (1.67, 2.54) and 1.90 (1.50, 2.40). No statistically significant changes were observed among TF participants. Other factors associated with higher liver enzyme levels included alcohol use/abuse and obesity.Clinical ImplicationsTM persons may experience modest increases in ALT and AST concentrations following testosterone initiation; however, clinical significance of the observed association remains unclear and requires further investigation. By contrast, feminizing GAHT is unlikely to induce appreciable changes in liver enzyme levels.Strength and LimitationsThe strengths of this study are the longitudinal design and the ability to assemble an unselected cohort nested within large health systems. The main limitations include the lack of information on hormone levels and the inability to take into account GAHT doses and routes of administration.CONCLUSIONThe influence of long-term GAHT on ALT and AST levels appears modest and not likely to reflect clinically meaningful changes in liver function.
Israel and Judah Redefined
Authors: Crouch C. L. 
Published: August 2021

In Israel and Judah Redefined, C. L. Crouch uses trauma studies, postcolonial theory, and social-scientific research on migration to analyse the impact of mass displacements and imperial power on Israelite and Judahite identity in the sixth century BCE. Crouch argues that the trauma of deportation affected Israelite identity differently depending on resettlement context. Deportees resettled in rural Babylonia took an isolationist approach to Israelite identity, whereas deportees resettled in urban contexts took a more integrationist approach. Crouch also emphasises the impact of mass displacement on identity concerns in the homeland, demonstrating that displacement and the experience of Babylonian imperial rule together facilitated major developments in Judahite identity. The diverse experiences of this period produced bitter conflict between Israelites and Judahites, as well as diverse attempts to resolve this conflict. Inspired by studies of forced migration and by postcolonial analyses of imperial domination, Crouch's book highlights the crucial contribution of this era to the story of Israel and Judah.
Contemporary management of keratosis obturans: a systematic review
Authors: Harounian J A , Patel V A , Isildak H 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the medical literature regarding the natural history and management of keratosis obturans.MethodPubMed was queried via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol, and the methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria.ResultsFifty-one studies were abstracted, and dual investigator screening resulted in five retrospective studies for final analysis. All studies included patients afflicted with either unilateral (n = 75) or bilateral keratosis obturans (n = 8). The definition of keratosis obturans was present in three studies: a desquamated keratin plug within the external auditory canal. Mean and median Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scores were 9.5 and 9.5, respectively. All patients underwent keratosis obturans exenteration with microscopy. Two studies reported an outcome instrument to evaluate endpoints: marked stillette and audiometry. No complications were observed with follow-up periods from 3 weeks to 3.5 years.ConclusionThis comprehensive review highlights a lack of published evidence relating to keratosis obturans. However, it appears keratosis obturans treatment is safe and efficacious with identifiable clinical practice patterns.
Olfactory dysfunction at six months after coronavirus disease 2019 infection
Authors: Leedman S R , Sheeraz M , Sanfilippo P G , Edgar D W , D'Aulerio G V , Robb D M , Richards T , Blyth C C , Mackey D A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess olfactory dysfunction in patients at six months after confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 infection.MethodsCoronavirus disease 2019 positive patients were assessed six months following diagnosis. Patient data were recoded as part of the adapted International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium Protocol. Olfactory dysfunction was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.ResultsFifty-six patients were included. At six months after coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis, 64.3 per cent of patients (n = 36) were normosmic, 28.6 per cent (n = 16) had mild to moderate microsmia and 7 per cent (n = 4) had severe microsmia or anosmia. There was a statistically significant association between older age and olfactory dysfunction. Hospital or intensive care unit admission did not lead to worse olfactory outcomes compared to those managed in the out-patient setting.ConclusionAt six months after coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis, approximately two-thirds of patients will be normosmic. This study is the first to describe six-month outcomes for post-coronavirus disease 2019 patients in terms of olfactory dysfunction.
Longitudinal symptomatic interactions in long-standing schizophrenia: a novel five-point analysis based on directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Moffa Giusi , Kuipers Jack , Carrà Giuseppe , Crocamo Cristina , Kuipers Elizabeth , Angermeyer Matthias , Brugha Traolach , Toumi Mondher , Bebbington Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent network models propose that mutual interaction between symptoms has an important bearing on the onset of schizophrenic disorder. In particular, cross-sectional studies suggest that affective symptoms may influence the emergence of psychotic symptoms. However, longitudinal analysis offers a more compelling test for causation: the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC) provides data suitable for this purpose. We predicted that the persistence of psychotic symptoms would be driven by the continuing presence of affective disturbance.MethodsEuroSC included 1208 patients randomly sampled from outpatient services in France, Germany and the UK. Initial measures of psychotic and affective symptoms were repeated four times at 6-month intervals, thereby furnishing five time-points. To examine interactions between symptoms both within and between time-slices, we adopted a novel technique for modelling longitudinal data in psychiatry. This was a form of Bayesian network analysis that involved learning dynamic directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).ResultsOur DAG analysis suggests that the main drivers of symptoms in this long-term sample were delusions and paranoid thinking. These led to affective disturbance, not vice versa as we initially predicted. The enduring relationship between symptoms was unaffected by whether patients were receiving first- or second-generation antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsIn this cohort of people with chronic schizophrenia treated with medication, symptoms were essentially stable over long periods. However, affective symptoms appeared driven by the persistence of delusions and persecutory thinking, a finding not previously reported. Although our findings as ever remain hostage to unmeasured confounders, these enduring psychotic symptoms might nevertheless be appropriate candidates for directly targeted psychological interventions.
Unsound sleep, wound-up mind: a longitudinal examination of acute suicidal affective disturbance features among an eating disorder sample
Authors: Kinkel-Ram Shruti S. , Grunewald William , Bodell Lindsay P. , Smith April R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is one of the most commonly reported causes of death in individuals with eating disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the suicide and disordered eating link are largely unknown, and current assessments are still unable to accurately predict future suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to test the utility of two promising proximal risk factors, sleep quality and agitation, in predicting suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviors, namely those with eating disorders.MethodsWomen (N = 97) receiving treatment at an eating disorder treatment center completed weekly questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation, agitation, and sleep. General linear mixed models examined whether agitation and/or sleep quality were concurrently or prospectively associated with suicidal ideation across 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between within-person agitation and sleep quality on suicidal ideation [B(s.e.) = −0.02(0.01), p < 0.05], such that on weeks when an individual experienced both higher than their average agitation and lower than their average sleep quality, they also experienced their highest levels of suicidal ideation. However, neither agitation nor sleep quality prospectively predicted suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThis study was the first to examine dynamic associations between interpersonal constructs and suicidal ideation in individuals with eating disorders. Results suggest that ongoing assessment for overarousal symptoms, such as agitation and poor sleep quality, in individuals with eating disorders may be warranted in order to manage suicidal ideation among this vulnerable population.