bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Non-State Security Provision in Burkina Faso: Koglweogo Self-Defence Groups’ Ambiguous Pursuit of Recognition
Authors: Frowd Philippe M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the rise of the koglweogo self-defence groups in Burkina Faso, developing an empirical analysis of their practices and a conceptual approach to their ambiguous status. The article describes the ‘koglweogos’’ rise since 2014, their growth across urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso, and their involvement in tasks from crime-fighting to counterterrorism. The article builds on the existing literature on vigilantism and security provision in African states and outlines a conceptual framework highlighting the koglweogos’ pursuit of recognition. The koglweogo toggle between overlapping ‘amateur’ and ‘professional’ repertoires of security discourse and practice, pursuing recognition as security professionals but also the autonomy and flexibility of working in the margins. This emphasizes the symbolic value, social and political contestability, discursive construction, and imaginaries of security whilst eschewing a state/non-state binary. The article draws on fieldwork carried out with multiple koglweogo groups to highlight their role as auxiliaries in global security governance, their production of security claims in the absence of recognition, their production of public authority, and their relationship of collaboration with and contestation of the state. The article concludes with reflections on the broader utility of the concept of ‘security amateur’ in Africa and further afield.
New horizons in the perioperative care of older adults
Authors: Thillainadesan Janani , Hilmer Sarah N , Fleury Aisling M , Naganathan Vasi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Older adults undergoing surgery have high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Age-related physiological changes and prevalence of geriatric syndromes such as frailty increase the risk of adverse postoperative outcomes. Geriatricians utilise comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and management to identify and manage geriatric syndromes, and deliver patient-centred perioperative care. Perioperative models of CGA are established for older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Recent trials support the benefits of perioperative models of CGA for non-orthopaedic surgery, and have influenced current care recommendations for older surgical patients. Areas for further action include addressing the implementation gap between recommended evidence-based perioperative care and routine perioperative care, evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of perioperative models of CGA for patients living with frailty, and embedding routine use of patient-reported outcome measures to inform quality improvement.
Barriers and enablers to deprescribing in long-term care facilities: a ‘best-fit’ framework synthesis of the qualitative evidence
Authors: Heinrich Clara H , Hurley Eoin , McCarthy Suzanne , McHugh Shenna , Donovan Maria D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
older adults are at risk of adverse outcomes due to a high prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Deprescribing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce polypharmacy and PIMs. However, deprescribing is not performed routinely in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). This qualitative evidence synthesis aims to identify the factors which limit and enable health care workers’ (HCWs) engagement with deprescribing in LTCFs.

Methods
the ‘best-fit’ framework approach was used to synthesise evidence by using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as the a priori framework. Included studies were analysed qualitatively to identify LTCF barriers and enablers of deprescribing and were mapped to the TDF. Constructs within domains were refined to best represent the LTCF context. A conceptual model was created, hypothesising relationships between barriers and enablers.

Results
of 655 records identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The ‘best-fit’ framework included 17 barriers and 16 enablers, which mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains. Deprescribing barriers included perceptions of an ‘established hierarchy’ within LTCFs, negatively affecting communication and insufficient resources which limited HCWs’ engagement with deprescribing. Enablers included tailored deprescribing guidelines, interprofessional support and working with a patient focus, allowing the patients’ condition to influence decisions.

Discussion
this study identified that education, interprofessional support and collaboration can facilitate deprescribing. To overcome deprescribing barriers, change is required to a patient-centred model and HCWs need to be equipped with necessary resources and adequate reimbursement. The LTCF organisational structure must support deprescribing, with communication between health care systems.
COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated RBC Destruction
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W , Booth Garrett S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To summarize the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review using standardized keyword search to identify all reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and AIHA across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar through September 24, 2021.

Results
Fifty patients (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [21.6] years) diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and AIHA were identified. AIHA subtypes and number of patients were as follows: cold AIHA (n = 18), warm AIHA (n = 14), mixed-type AIHA (n = 3), direct antiglobulin test (DAT)–negative AIHA (n = 1), DAT-negative Evans syndrome (n = 1), Evans syndrome (n = 3), and subtype not reported (n = 10). Mean (SD) hemoglobin at AIHA diagnosis was 6.5 [2.8] g/dL (95% confidence interval, 5.7-7.3 g/dL). Median time from COVID-19 symptom onset to AIHA diagnosis was 7 days. In total, 19% (8/42) of patients with COVID-19–associated AIHA with reported outcomes were deceased. Four patients (mean [SD] age, 73.5 [16.9] years) developed AIHA following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 2); Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (n = 1); undisclosed mRNA vaccine (n = 1). AIHA occurred after 1 dose in 3 patients (median, 5 days).

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are associated with multiple AIHA subtypes, beginning approximately 7 days after infectious symptoms and 5 days after vaccination.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor With Extensive Epithelial Inclusions
Authors: Zhao Ming , He Huiying , Cao Dengfeng , Fan Dage , Xu Mingxin , Zhang Xin , Ru Guoqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) harboring extensive epithelial inclusions is rare and can stimulate a biphasic neoplasm composed of epithelial and stromal elements.

Methods
Three cases of SFT with extensive epithelial inclusions were retrieved. H&E stain, immunohistochemical stain, and targeted next-generation sequencing were performed.

Results
There were two male patients and one female patient aged 54, 32, and 68 years. All tumors were located in abdominopelvic sites involving the kidney (case 1), omentum (case 2), and prostate (case 3), respectively. Microscopically, all tumors were circumscribed and composed of a background of SFT admixed with randomly embedded glands or cysts, organizing sometimes in a phyllodes-like architecture. The covered epithelium displayed a range of morphologies from simple cystic to stratified and to complex papillary proliferation. Immunohistochemically, both STAT6 and CD34 were expressed in the spindle cells but not in the epithelial inclusions. RNA sequencing revealed fusions involving NAB2~STAT6 in all cases. DNA sequencing demonstrated TERT c.-124C&gt;T mutation in case 1. Prognostic stratification scores were intermediate in case 1 and low in cases 2 and 3.

Conclusions
SFT with extensive epithelial inclusions represents a rare but potentially underrecognized variant of SFT and shows compatible molecular features with conventional SFT.
The nature of privilege: intergenerational wealth in animal societies
Authors: Smith Jennifer E , Natterson-Horowitz B , Alfaro Michael E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wealth inequality is widespread across human societies, from pastoral and small-scale agricultural groups to large modern social structures. The intergenerational transfer of wealth privileges some individuals over others through the transmission of resources external to an individual organism. Privileged access to household wealth (e.g., land, shelter, silver) positively influences the destinies of some (and their descendants) over others in human societies. Strikingly parallel phenomena exist in animal societies. Inheritance of nongenetic commodities (e.g., a nest, territory, tool) external to an individual also contributes greatly to direct fitness in animals. Here, we illustrate the evolutionary diversity of privilege and its disparity-generating effects on the evolutionary trajectories of lineages across the Tree of Life. We propose that integration of approaches used to study these patterns in humans may offer new insights into a core principle from behavioral ecology—differential access to inherited resources—and help to establish a broad, comparative framework for studying inequality in animals.
Preferential in vivo inhibitory action of serotonin in rat infralimbic versus prelimbic cortex: relevance for antidepressant treatments
Authors: López-Terrones Elena , Celada Pau , Riga Maurizio S , Artigas Francesc 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The infralimbic (IL) cortex is the rodent equivalent of human ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), which plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in IL [but not in the adjacent prelimbic (PrL) cortex] evokes antidepressant-like or depressive-like behaviors, associated with changes in serotonin (5-HT) function, highlighting the relevance of glutamate/serotonin interactions in IL for emotional control. 5-HT modulates neuronal activity in PrL and cingulate (Cg) cortex but its effects in IL are largely unknown. We therefore compared the in vivo effects of 5-HT on pyramidal neuron activity in IL (n = 61) and PrL (n = 50) of anesthetized rats. IL pyramidal neurons were more responsive to physiological dorsal raphe stimulation (0.9 Hz) than PrL neurons (84% vs. 64%, respectively) and were inhibited to a greater extent (64% vs. 36%, respectively). Orthodromic activations (8% in PrL) were absent in IL, whereas biphasic responses were similar (20%) in both areas. Excitations were mediated by 5-HT2A-R activation, whereas inhibitions involved 3 different components: 5-HT1A-R, 5-HT3-R and GABAA-R, respectively. The remarkable inhibitory action of 5-HT in IL suggests that 5-HT-enhancing drugs may exert their antidepressant action by normalizing a glutamatergic hyperactivity in the vACC of MDD patients.
Premature infants display discriminable behavioral, physiological, and brain responses to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli
Authors: van der Vaart Marianne , Hartley Caroline , Baxter Luke , Mellado Gabriela Schmidt , Andritsou Foteini , Cobo Maria M , Fry Ria Evans , Adams Eleri , Fitzgibbon Sean , Slater Rebeccah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pain assessment in preterm infants is challenging as behavioral, autonomic, and neurophysiological measures of pain are reported to be less sensitive and specific than in term infants. Understanding the pattern of preterm infants’ noxious-evoked responses is vital to improve pain assessment in this group. This study investigated the discriminability and development of multimodal noxious-evoked responses in infants aged 28–40 weeks postmenstrual age. A classifier was trained to discriminate responses to a noxious heel lance from a nonnoxious control in 47 infants, using measures of facial expression, brain activity, heart rate, and limb withdrawal, and tested in two independent cohorts with a total of 97 infants. The model discriminates responses to the noxious from the nonnoxious procedure with an overall accuracy of 0.76–0.84 and an accuracy of 0.78–0.79 in the 28–31-week group. Noxious-evoked responses have distinct developmental patterns. Heart rate responses increase in magnitude with age, while noxious-evoked brain activity undergoes three distinct developmental stages, including a previously unreported transitory stage consisting of a negative event-related potential between 30 and 33 weeks postmenstrual age. These findings demonstrate that while noxious-evoked responses change across early development, infant responses to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli are discriminable in prematurity.
Colectomy Rates did not Decrease in Paediatric- and Adult-Onset Ulcerative Colitis During the Biologics Era: A Nationwide Study From the epi-IIRN
Authors: Atia Ohad , Orlanski-Meyer Esther , Lujan Rona , Ledderman Natan , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Daher Saleh , Yanai Henit , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Gabay Hagit , Matz Eran , Nevo Daniel , Ollech Jacob , Zittan Eran , Israeli Eran , Schwartz Doron , Chowers Yehuda , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is still of debate whether the advent of biologics has been associated with a change in the natural history of ulcerative colitis [UC]. In this nationwide study we evaluated trends of long-term outcomes in all patients diagnosed with UC in Israel during the biologic era.MethodsData in the epi-IIRN cohort were retrieved from the four Israeli Health Maintenance Organizations covering 98% of the population, and linked to the Ministry of Health prospective registry on surgeries and hospitalizations. Joinpoint Regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used, reporting annual average percentage change [AAPC] for each outcome.ResultsA total of 13 231 patients were diagnosed with UC since 2005 (1426 [11%] paediatric-onset, 10 310 [78%] adults, 1495 [11%] elderly) with 93 675 person-years of follow-up. The probabilities of surgery after 1, 3 and 5 years from diagnosis were 1.1, 2.3 and 4.1%, respectively, and the corresponding rates of hospitalizations were 22, 33 and 41%. The overall utilization of biologics in UC increased from 0.1% in 2005 to 9.6% in 2019 [AAPC 22.1%] and they were prescribed earlier during the disease course (median of 5.6 years [interquartile range 2.8–9.1] in 2005–2008 vs 0.8 years [0.4–1.5] in 2015–2018; p &lt; 0.001]. Annual rates of surgeries [AAPC −1.3; p = 0.6] and steroid-dependency [AAPC −1.2; p = 0.3] remained unchanged, while rates of hospitalizations slightly decreased [AAPC −1.2; p &lt; 0.001]. Outcomes were consistently worse in paediatric-onset disease than in adults, despite higher utilization of biologics [28% vs 12%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionDuring the biologic era rates of surgeries and steroid-dependency have remained unchanged in patients with UC, while rates of hospitalizations have slightly decreased.
Theophylline in patients with syncope without prodrome, normal heart, and normal electrocardiogram: a propensity-score matched study verified by implantable cardiac monitor
Authors: Brignole Michele , Iori Matteo , Strano Stefano , Tomaino Marco , Rivasi Giulia , Ungar Andrea , Carretta Domenico , Solari Diana , Napoli Paola , Deharo Jean Claude , Guieu Regis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Syncope without prodromes in subjects with normal heart and normal electrocardiogram (ECG) is classified as non-classical neurally mediated syncope and is characterized by low adenosine plasma levels (APLs) and frequent asystolic syncope. We assessed the efficacy of theophylline, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, in preventing syncopal events.

Methods and results
Participants received an implantable cardiac monitor, underwent APL measurement, and received oral theophylline at maximum tolerated dose (starting dose 300 mg b.i.d.). They were compared with a historical cohort of untreated patients with implantable cardiac monitor who had the same inclusion criteria and were balanced with the propensity score (PS) method as regard age, sex, lifetime syncopal episodes, APL, and antihypertensive drugs. Primary endpoint was time to first syncopal recurrence at 24 months. There were 76 patients in the theophylline group and 58 in the control group. Syncope recurred in 25 (33%) patients in the theophylline group and in 27 (47%) patients in the control group, with an estimated 2-year recurrence rate of 33% and 60%, respectively, and a hazard ratio of 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–0.95; P = 0.034]. Most of the benefit of theophylline is derived from reduction of syncope due to asystolic atrioventricular (AV) block (hazard ratio of 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.58; P = 0.008). Thirty (39%) patients discontinued theophylline after a median of 6.4 (interquartile range 1.7–13.8) months due to side effects.

Conclusion
Theophylline was effective in preventing recurrences in patients with syncope without prodromes, normal heart, and normal ECG. The benefit was greater in patients with syncope due to asystolic AV block.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03803215.
Meanings and mechanisms of One Health partnerships: insights from a critical review of literature on cross-government collaborations
Authors: Abbas Syed Shahid , Shorten Tim , Rushton Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplex health policy challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and other emerging infections are driven by activities in multiple sectors. Therefore, addressing these also requires joint efforts from multiple sectors as exemplified in the One Health approach. We undertake a critical review to examine the different ways in which multisector partnerships have been conceptualized across multiple disciplines and thematic areas. We started with a set of six articles from the disciplines of health, nutrition and public administration that reviewed conceptual frameworks within their respective fields. We conducted backward citation tracing using the bibliography of the six articles to identify other articles in the same and related fields that conceptualized multisector partnerships. We identified 58 articles published from 1967 to 2018 from the fields of global health, infectious diseases, management, nutrition and sustainability sciences indicating that multisector partnerships have been a topic of study across different fields for several decades. A thematic analysis of the 58 articles revealed that multisector partnerships assume a variety of forms and have been described in different ways. Partnerships can be categorized by scope, scale, formality and strength. Multisector partnerships emerge in conditions of dynamic uncertainty and sector failure when the information and resources required are beyond the capacities of any individual sector. Such partnerships are inherently political in nature and subsume multiple competing agendas of collaborating actors. Sustaining collaborations over a long period of time will require collaborative approaches like One Health to accommodate competing political perspectives and include flexibility to allow multisector partnerships to respond to changing external dynamics.
Downstream thoracic endovascular aortic repair following zone 2, 100-mm stent graft frozen elephant trunk implantation
Authors: Kreibich Maximilian , Siepe Matthias , Berger Tim , Kondov Stoyan , Morlock Julia , Pingpoh Clarence , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Rylski Bartosz , Czerny Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyse outcomes of downstream thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) following the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure.

METHODS
Sixty-six patients underwent downstream TEVAR following the FET procedure to treat thoracic aortic dissections (n = 42, 64%), aneurysms (n = 19, 29%) or penetrating aortic ulcers involving the aortic arch (n = 5, 8%). Patient and outcome characteristics were analysed.

RESULTS
Downstream TEVAR was performed 7 [interquartile range: 2–18] months after the FET procedure in 39 male (59%) and 27 female (41%) patients aged 68 [interquartile range: 56, 75] years, including 11 patients (17%) with a connective tissue disease. Before TEVAR, cerebrospinal fluid drainage was put in place in 61 patients (92%). Patients were treated with 1 stent graft (n = 28, 42%), 2 stent grafts (n = 37, 56%) or 3 stent grafts (n = 1, 2%). The femoral artery was accessed through surgical cut-down (n = 15, 23%) or percutaneously (n = 49, 74%). One patient (2%) developed a temporary spinal cord injury that resolved spontaneously. No case of permanent spinal cord injury, stroke or death was observed. After 12 [interquartile range: 2–23] months, 15 patients required an additional aortic reintervention (endovascular: n = 6; surgical: n = 9).

CONCLUSIONS
Downstream TEVAR following the FET procedure is associated with excellent clinical outcomes. We thus maintain that staging thoracic aortic repair—FET and secondary TEVAR—is a very successful and safe strategy. Certain patients might need a tertiary procedure to fix their entire aortic pathology; therefore, they will require long-term continuous follow-up, ideally in a dedicated aortic clinic.
Relative Orbifold Pandharipande–Thomas Theory and the Degeneration Formula
Authors: Lin Yijie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe construct relative moduli spaces of semistable pairs on a family of projective Deligne–Mumford stacks. We define moduli stacks of stable orbifold Pandharipande–Thomas pairs on stacks of expanded degenerations and pairs and then show they are separated and proper Deligne–Mumford stacks of finite type. As an application, we present the degeneration formula for the absolute and relative orbifold Pandharipande–Thomas invariants.