bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norwood-I in a hypoplastic left heart variant and right aortic arch
Authors: Amodeo Antonio , Schweiger Martin , Erdil Tugba , Hübler Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Even though preoperative diagnostics have improved significantly, intraoperative surprises may still occur especially in the case of complex congenital heart disease. An instance of such a complex congenital heart disease is a hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a right-sided aortic arch. In this case report, we present 1 patient with such a complex and unexpected anatomy, as well as a possible way to overcome the obstacles.
Persisting Salivary IgG Against SARS-CoV-2 at 9 Months After Mild COVID-19: A Complementary Approach to Population Surveys
Authors: Alkharaan Hassan , Bayati Shaghayegh , Hellström Cecilia , Aleman Soo , Olsson Annika , Lindahl Karin , Bogdanovic Gordana , Healy Katie , Tsilingaridis Georgios , De Palma Patricia , Hober Sophia , Månberg Anna , Nilsson Peter , Pin Elisa , Sällberg Chen Margaret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeclining humoral immunity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and possible reinfection have raised concern. Mucosal immunity, particularly salivary antibodies, may be short lived although long-term studies are lacking.MethodsUsing a multiplex bead-based array platform, we investigated antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in 256 saliva samples from convalescent patients 1–9 months after symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 74, cohort 1), undiagnosed individuals with self-reported questionnaires (n = 147, cohort 2), and individuals sampled prepandemic (n = 35, cohort 3).ResultsSalivary IgG antibody responses in cohort 1 (mainly mild COVID-19) were detectable up to 9 months postrecovery, with high correlations between spike and nucleocapsid specificity. At 9 months, IgG remained in blood and saliva in most patients. Salivary IgA was rarely detected at this time point. In cohort 2, salivary IgG and IgA responses were significantly associated with recent history of COVID-19–like symptoms. Salivary IgG tolerated temperature and detergent pretreatments.ConclusionsUnlike SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA that appeared short lived, specific saliva IgG appeared stable even after mild COVID-19, as for blood serology. This noninvasive saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody test with home self-collection may be a complementary alternative to conventional blood serology.
Gateway reflexes, neuronal circuits that regulate the autoreactive T cells in organs having blood barriers
Authors: Uchida Mona , Yamamoto Reiji , Matsuyama Shiina , Murakami Kaoru , Hasebe Rie , Hojyo Shintaro , Tanaka Yuki , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that maintain homeostasis of the immune system. They form gateways for autoreactive T cells to infiltrate the central nervous system in a noradrenaline-dependent manner despite the blood–brain barrier. This mechanism is critical not only for maintaining organ homeostasis but also for inflammatory disease development. Gateway reflexes can be regulated by environmental or artificial stimuli including electrical stimulation, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells can be controlled by bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we describe the discovery of gateway reflexes and their future directions with special focus on bioelectronic medicine.
Healthcare quality assessments: no guarantees of same outcomes for different socio-economic stroke patients
Authors: Kim Jayeun , Yang Ki Hwa , Choi Ah Rum , Kang Mi Yeon , Kim Hyun Joo , Lee Hyejin , Lee Jin Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Healthcare quality assessment is being conducted in many countries. Although improving health equity is one of the major objectives of medical quality assessment, it is not clear whether different socio-economic statuses show the same health outcomes even in the same medical quality hospitals. No study has directly compared the health outcomes of different socio-economic statuses in the same hospitals nationwide.

Objective
To determine whether the mortality rate of acute stroke patients differs according to socioeconomic status.

Methods
This study was a retrospective, observational study of patients who were subject to acute stroke quality assessment in 2013. A total of 10 399 stroke cases were included in the study. When evaluating the mortality rate, the researchers analysed 10 228 cases, after excluding 171 cases that were measured twice for the same person. The levels of socio-economic status were divided according to the use of medical benefits, either National Health Insurance (NHI) for general population or Medical Aid (MA) for the vulnerable. The primary outcomes measured according to socio-economic status were in-hospital mortality rate and 1-year follow-up mortality rate of stroke patients. The secondary outcome was the composite performance score.

Results
MA recipients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (12.5 vs. 8.3%, P &lt; 0.001) and 1-year follow-up mortality rate (14.9 vs. 10.8%, P &lt; 0.001) than NHI subscribers. MA recipients had slightly lower scores than NHI subscribers (83.2 vs. 84.4, P = 0.02). In hospitals of the same grade, MA recipients had lower performance scores than NHI subscribers, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
There is a difference in mortality and healthcare performance according to socio-economic status in stroke patients in Korea. Efforts to improve equity are needed, including the development and monitoring of equality indicators and developing policies for healthcare equity.
Comparative in vivo activity of human-simulated plasma and epithelial lining fluid exposures of WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam) against KPC- and OXA-48-like-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the neutropenic murine pneumonia model
Authors: Lasko Maxwell J. , Abdelraouf Kamilia , Nicolau David P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This was a comparative assessment of WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam 2/1 g as a 1 h infusion every 8 h) efficacy using human-simulated plasma and ELF exposures against serine-carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the neutropenic murine pneumonia model.

Methods
Ten clinical isolates were utilized: eight were serine-carbapenemase-producing (KPC, n = 4; OXA-48-like, n = 4) Enterobacterales with WCK 5222 MICs (1:1) ranging from 1 to 4 mg/L; and two were previously studied MDR isolates serving as quality controls. Lungs of mice were inoculated with 50 μL of 107 cfu/mL. Treatment mice received human-simulated regimens of cefepime, zidebactam or WCK 5222 derived from plasma or epithelial lining fluid (ELF) profiles obtained from healthy subjects. Lung bacterial densities resulting from the humanized exposures in plasma and ELF were compared.

Results
Initial lung bacterial densities ranged from 6.06 to 6.87 log10 cfu/lungs, with a mean bacterial burden increase to 9.06 ± 0.42 after 24 h. Human-simulated plasma and ELF exposures of cefepime and zidebactam monotherapy had no activity. Human-simulated WCK 5222 plasma exposures resulted in a &gt;1 log10 cfu/lungs reduction in bacterial burden for all isolates. Humanized WCK 5222 ELF exposures achieved a &gt;1 log10 cfu/lungs reduction for all isolates. While statistically significant differences in bacterial burden reduction were observed between the plasma and ELF exposures for WCK 5222 in 5/8 isolates, all treatments achieved the translational kill target of a &gt;1 log10 cfu reduction.

Conclusions
Clinically achievable WCK 5222 plasma and ELF exposures produced in vivo killing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the neutropenic murine pneumonia model that is predictive of efficacy in humans.
A longer adaptation period to a functional amino acid-supplemented diet improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas A , Wellington Michael O , González-Vega Jolie Caroline , Htoo John K , Van Kessel Andrew G , Columbus Daniel A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We recently showed that dietary supplementation with key functional amino acids (FAA) improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs. It is not known if ST-challenged pigs will benefit from a longer adaptation period to FAA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different adaptation periods to diets containing FAA above requirements for growth on performance and immune response of weaned pigs subsequently challenged with ST. A total of 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs (11.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, being a basal amino acid (AA) profile fed throughout the experimental period (FAA−) or a functional AA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed only in the postinoculation (FAA+0), for 1 wk pre- and postinoculation (FAA+1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA+2). After a 14-d adaptation period, pigs were inoculated with ST (2.15 × 109 CFU/mL). Growth performance, body temperature, fecal score, acute-phase proteins, oxidant/antioxidant balance, score for ST shedding in feces and intestinal colonization, and fecal and digesta myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured pre- and postinoculation. Postinoculation body temperature and fecal score, serum haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal MPO were increased while serum albumin and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were reduced compared to pre-inoculation (P &lt; 0.05). Average daily gain and G:F were greater in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA− pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Serum albumin was higher in FAA+2 and FAA+1 compared to FAA+0 and FAA− pigs (P &lt; 0.05) while FAA+2 pigs had lower haptoglobin compared to FAA− (P &lt; 0.05). Plasma SOD was increased and GSH:GSSG was decreased in FAA− pigs compared to the other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Score for ST shedding in feces was progressively lower from d 1 to 6 regardless of treatment (P &lt; 0.05) and was lower in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA− and FAA+0 (P &lt; 0.05). Counts of ST in colon digesta were higher in FAA− and FAA+0 pigs compared to FAA+2 (P &lt; 0.05). Fecal and colonic digesta MPO were lower in FAA+2 and FAA+1 pigs compared to FAA− (P &lt; 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of a longer adaptation period to FAA-supplemented diets on performance and immune status of weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella.
Development of a novel human adrenomedullin derivative: human serum albumin-conjugated adrenomedullin
Authors: Kuroishi Nobuko , Nagata Sayaka , Akashi Emiko , Ashizuka Shinya , Kato Johji , Yamasaki Motoo , Kitamura Kazuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdrenomedullin is a biologically active peptide with multiple functions. Here, we have developed a novel human serum albumin-adrenomedullin (HSA-AM) conjugate, which was synthesized by the covalent attachment of a maleimide derivative of adrenomedullin to the 34th cysteine residue of HSA via a linker. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and western blotting for HSA-AM yielded a single band with adrenomedullin immunoreactivity at the position corresponding to a molecular weight (MW) of 73 kDa. Following gel-filtration chromatography, the purified HSA-AM showed a single main peak corresponding with an MW of 73 kDa, indicating that HSA-AM is a monomer. Both adrenomedullin and HSA-AM stimulated the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the adrenomedullin 1 receptor. The pEC50 values for adrenomedullin and HSA-AM were 8.660 and 7.208 (equivalent to 2.19 and 61.9 nM as EC50), respectively. The bioavailability of HSA-AM compared with that of adrenomedullin was much improved after subcutaneous administration in the rat, which was probably due to the superior resistance of HSA-AM towards endogenous proteases and its reduced clearance from the blood. HSA-AM may be a promising drug candidate for clinical application.
Can AI Enhance People’s Support for Online Moderation and Their Openness to Dissimilar Political Views?
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena , Thakur Arti , Ferreira Gonçalves João Fernando , Casas Andreu , Menchen-Trevino Ericka , Boon & Miriam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract Although artificial intelligence is blamed for many societal challenges, it also has underexplored potential in political contexts online. We rely on six preregistered experiments in three countries (N = 6,728) to test the expectation that AI and AI-assisted humans would be perceived more favorably than humans (a) across various content moderation, generation, and recommendation scenarios and (b) when exposing individuals to counter-attitudinal political information. Contrary to the preregistered hypotheses, participants see human agents as more just than AI across the scenarios tested, with the exception of news recommendations. At the same time, participants are not more open to counter-attitudinal information attributed to AI rather than a human or an AI-assisted human. These findings, which—with minor variations—emerged across countries, scenarios, and issues, suggest that human intervention is preferred online and that people reject dissimilar information regardless of its source. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.Lay SummaryIn the era of unprecedented political divides and misinformation, artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms are often seen as the culprits. In contrast to these dominant narratives, we argued that AI might be seen as being less biased than a human in online political contexts. We relied on six preregistered experiments in three countries (the United Sates, Spain, Poland) to test whether internet users perceive AI and AI-assisted humans more favorably than simply humans; (a) across various distinct scenarios online, and (b) when exposing people to opposing political information on a range of contentious issues. Contrary to our expectations, human agents were consistently perceived more favorably than AI except when recommending news. These findings suggest that people prefer human intervention in most online political contexts.
In search of the still unknown function of FW2.2/CELL NUMBER REGULATOR, a major regulator of fruit size in tomato
Authors: Beauchet Arthur , Gévaudant Frédéric , Gonzalez Nathalie , Chevalier Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The FW2.2 gene is associated with the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing fruit size in tomato, and acts by negatively controlling cell division during fruit development. FW2.2 belongs to a multigene family named the CELL NUMBER REGULATOR (CNR) family. CNR proteins harbour the uncharacterized PLAC8 motif made of two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a variable region that are predicted to be transmembrane segments, and indeed FW2.2 localizes to the plasma membrane. Although FW2.2 was cloned more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. In particular, how FW2.2 functions to regulate cell cycle and fruit growth, and thus fruit size, is as yet not understood. Here we review current knowledge on PLAC8-containing CNR/FWL proteins in plants, which are described to participate in organogenesis and the regulation of organ size, especially in fruits, and in cadmium resistance, ion homeostasis, and/or Ca2+ signalling. Within the plasma membrane FW2.2 and some CNR/FWLs are localized in microdomains, which is supported by recent data from interactomics studies. Hence FW2.2 and CNR/FWL could be involved in a transport function of signalling molecules across membranes, influencing organ growth via a cell to cell trafficking mechanism.
The Meloidogyne graminicola effector MgMO289 targets a novel copper metallochaperone to suppress immunity in rice
Authors: Song Handa , Lin Borong , Huang Qiuling , Sun Longhua , Chen Jiansong , Hu Lili , Zhuo Kan , Liao Jinling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have reported that plant-parasitic nematodes facilitate their infection by suppressing plant immunity via effectors, but the inhibitory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study found that a novel effector MgMO289 is exclusively expressed in the dorsal esophageal gland of Meloidogyne graminicola and is up-regulated at parasitic third-/fourth-stage juveniles. In planta silencing of MgMO289 substantially increased plant resistance to M. graminicola. Moreover, we found that MgMO289 interacts with a new rice copper metallochaperone heavy metal-associated plant protein 04 (OsHPP04), and that rice cytosolic COPPER/ZINC -SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 2 (cCu/Zn-SOD2) is the target of OsHPP04. Rice plants overexpressing OsHPP04 or MgMO289 exhibited an increased susceptibility to M. graminicola and a higher Cu/Zn-SOD activity, but lower O2•− content, when compared with wild-type plants. Meanwhile, immune response assays showed that MgMO289 could suppress host innate immunity. These findings reveal a novel pathway for a plant pathogen effector that utilizes the host O2•−-scavenging system to eliminate O2•− and suppress plant immunity.
The X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2) I: what makes a galaxy a Lyman α emitter?
Authors: Matthee Jorryt , Sobral David , Hayes Matthew , Pezzulli Gabriele , Gronke Max , Schaerer Daniel , Naidu Rohan P , Röttgering Huub , Calhau João , Paulino-Afonso Ana , Santos Sérgio , Amorín Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first results from the X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2). XLS-z2 is a deep spectroscopic survey of 35 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) utilizing ≈90 h of exposure time with Very Large Telescope/X-SHOOTER and covers rest-frame Ly α to H α emission with R ≈ 4000. We present the sample selection, the observations, and the data reduction. Systemic redshifts are measured from rest-frame optical lines for 33/35 sources. In the stacked spectrum, our LAEs are characterized by an interstellar medium with little dust, a low metallicity, and a high ionization state. The ionizing sources are young hot stars that power strong emission lines in the optical and high-ionization lines in the ultraviolet (UV). The LAEs exhibit clumpy UV morphologies and have outflowing kinematics with blueshifted Si ii absorption, a broad [O iii] component, and a red-skewed Ly α line. Typically, 30 per cent of the Ly α photons escape, of which one quarter on the blue side of the systemic velocity. A fraction of Ly α photons escape directly at the systemic suggesting clear channels enabling an ≈10 per cent escape of ionizing photons, consistent with an inference based on Mg ii. A combination of a low effective H i column density, a low dust content, and young starburst determines whether a star-forming galaxy is observed as an LAE. The first is possibly related to outflows and/or a fortunate viewing angle, while we find that the latter two in LAEs are typical for their stellar mass of 109 M⊙.
Search for gamma rays from SNe with a variable-size sliding-time-window analysis of the Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Prokhorov D A , Moraghan A , Vink J 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic search for γ-ray emission from supernovae (SNe) in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 data. The sample of targets consists of 55,880 candidates from the Open Supernova Catalogue. We searched for γ rays from SNe by means of a variable-size sliding-time-window analysis. Our results confirm the presence of transient γ-ray emission from the sources of non-AGN classes, including transitional pulsars, solar flares, γ-ray bursts, novae, and the Crab Nebula, which are projected near some of these SN’s positions, and also strengthen support to the variable signal in the direction of SN iPTF14hls. The analysis is successful in finding both short (e.g. solar flares) and long (e.g. transitional pulsars) high flux states. Our search reveals two new γ-ray transient signals occurred in 2019 in the directions of optical transients that are SN candidates, AT2019bvr and AT2018iwp, with their flux increases within 6 months after the dates of SN’s discoveries. These signals are bright and their variability is at a higher statistical level than that of iPTF14hls. An exploration of archival multiwavelength observations towards their positions is necessary to establish their association with SNe or other classes of sources. Our analysis, in addition, shows a bright transient γ-ray signal at low Galactic latitudes in the direction of PSR J0205+6449. In addition, we report the results of an all-sky search for γ-ray transient sources. This provided two additional candidates to gamma-ray transient sources.
LAMOST J0140355 + 392651: an evolved cataclysmic variable donor transitioning to become an extremely low-mass white dwarf
Authors: El-Badry Kareem , Quataert Eliot , Rix Hans-Walter , Weisz Daniel R , Kupfer Thomas , Shen Ken J , Xiang Maosheng , Yang Yong , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present LAMOST J0140355 + 392651 (hereafter J0140), a close (Porb = 3.81 h) binary containing a bloated, low-mass ($M \approx 0.15 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) proto-white dwarf (WD) and a massive ($M \approx 0.95\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) WD companion. The system’s optical light curve is dominated by large-amplitude ellipsoidal variability but also exhibits additional scatter, likely driven by pulsations. The proto-WD is cooler (Teff = 6800 ± 100 K) and more puffy ($\log \left[g/\left({\rm cm\, s^{-2}}\right)\right]=4.74\pm 0.07$) than any known extremely low-mass (ELM) WD, but hotter than any known cataclysmic variable (CV) donor. It either completely or very nearly fills its Roche lobe ($R/R_{{\rm Roche\, lobe}}=0.99\pm 0.01$), suggesting ongoing or recently terminated mass transfer. No dwarf nova-like outbursts have been observed. The spectrum is dominated by the proto-WD but shows tentative hints of H α emission, perhaps due to accretion on to the massive WD. The properties of the system are well-matched by mesa binary evolution models of CVs with donors that underwent significant nuclear evolution before the onset of mass transfer. In these models, the bloated proto-WD is either still losing mass via stable Roche lobe overflow or was doing so until very recently. In either case, it is evolving towards higher temperatures at near-constant luminosity to become an ELM WD. If the system is detached, mass transfer likely ended when the donor became too hot for magnetic braking to remain efficient. Evolutionary models predict that the binary will shrink to Porb ≲ 10 min within a few Gyr, when it will either merge or become an AM CVn binary. J0140 provides an observational link between the formation channels of CVs, ELM WDs, detached ultracompact WD binaries, and AM CVn systems.
Type Ia supernovae in the star formation deserts of spiral host galaxies
Authors: Hakobyan A A , Karapetyan A G , Barkhudaryan L V , Gevorgyan M H , Adibekyan V 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Using a sample of nearby spiral galaxies hosting 185 supernovae (SNe) Ia, we perform a comparative analysis of the locations and light-curve decline rates (Δm15) of normal and peculiar SNe Ia in the star formation deserts (SFDs) and beyond. To accomplish this, we present a simple visual classification approach based on the UV/H α images of the discs of host galaxies. We demonstrate that, from the perspective of the dynamical time-scale of the SFD, where the star formation is suppressed by the bar evolution, the Δm15 of SN Ia and progenitor age can be related. The SFD phenomenon gives an excellent possibility to separate a subpopulation of SN Ia progenitors with ages older than a few Gyr. We show, for the first time, that the SFDs contain mostly faster declining SNe Ia (Δm15 &gt; 1.25). For the galaxies without SFDs, the region within the bar radius, and outer disc contain mostly slower declining SNe Ia. To better constrain the delay times of SNe Ia, we encourage new studies (e.g. integral field observations) using the SFD phenomenon on larger and more robust datasets of SNe Ia and their host galaxies.