bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Study of Short-Term Changes in Mental Health Emergency Services Use During Lockdown in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dainton Christopher , Donato-Woodger Simon , Chu Charlene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures have led to increasing mental health concerns in the general population. We aimed to assess the short-term impact of the pandemic lockdown on mental health emergency services use in the Kitchener-Waterloo region of Ontario, Canada.
Methods

We conducted an observational study during the 6-month period between March 5 and September 5, 2020 using National Ambulatory Care Reporting System metadata from mental health visits to three regional Emergency Departments (ED); mental health and substance related police calls; and calls to a regional mental health crisis telephone line, comparing volumes during the pandemic lockdown with the same period in 2019. Poisson regressions were used to determine significant differences between numbers of each visit or call type during the lockdown period versus the previous year.
Results

Involuntary admissions, substance related visits, mood related visits, situational crisis visits, and self-harm related mental health visits to the EDs were significantly reduced during the lockdown period compared to the year before. Psychosis-related and alcohol-related visits were not significantly reduced. Among police calls, suicide attempts were significantly decreased during the period of lockdown, but intoxication, assault, and domestic disputes were not significantly different. Mental health crisis telephone calls were significantly decreased during the lockdown period.
Conclusions

Contrary to our hypothesis, the decrease in most types of mental health ED visits, mental health and substance-related police calls, and mental health crisis calls largely mirrored the overall decline in emergency services usage during the lockdown period. This finding is unexpected in the context of increased attention to acutely deteriorating mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Detection of Missed Fractures of Hand and Forearm in Whole-Body CT in a Blinded Reassessment
Authors: Kim Simon , Gölz Leonie , Münn Friederike , Kim Damon , Millrose Michael , Eisenschenk Andreas , Thelen Simon , Lautenbach Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: We examined the visibility of fractures of hand and forearm in whole-body CT and its influence on delayed diagnosis. This study is based on a prior study on delayed diagnosis of fractures of hand and forearm in patients with suspected polytrauma.Methods: Two blinded radiologists examined CT-scans of patients with fractures of hand or forearm that were diagnosed later than 24 hrs after admission and control cases with unremarkable imaging of those areas. They were provided with clinical information that was documented in the admission report and were asked to examine forearm and hands. After unblinding, the visibility of fractures was determined. We examined if time of admission or slice thickness was a factor for late or missed diagnoses.Results: We included 72 known fractures in 36 cases. Of those 65 were visible. Sixteen visible fractures were diagnosed late during hospital stay. Eight more fractures were detected on revision by the radiologists. Both radiologists missed known fractures and found new fractures that were not reported by the other. Missed and late diagnoses of fractures occurred more often around 5 pm and 1 am. Slice thickness was not significantly different between fractures and cases with fractures found within 24 hrs and those found later.Conclusions: The number of late diagnosis or completely missed fractures of the hand and forearm may be reduced by a repeated survey of WBCT with focus on the extremities in patients with suspected polytrauma who are not conscious.Level of Evidence III
Clinical Depression in Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Anaemia: Influencing Factors in a Resource-limited Setting
Authors: Ezenwosu Osita Uchenna , Chukwu Barth Friday , Ezenwosu Ifeyinwa Lilian , Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi Anyaele , Eke Christopher Bismarck , Udorah Maria Ifechukwu , Idoko Chinedu Arthur , Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka , Emodi Ifeoma Josephine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest monogenic haematologic disorder resulting from the inheritance of homozygous mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. Some factors have been identified as important in explaining the variability in depression in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Information on this is limited in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria. This study aims to determine factors which influence depression in children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia in a resource-limited setting.Methods: Systematic random sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study to select children and adolescents aged 7-17 years at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and disease severity data while depression was assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Results: Age and educational level had significant positive linear relationships with depression (r = 0.253, p = 0.02; r = 0.225, p = 0.04 respectively) while gender (χ2 = 0.531, p = 0.466), socioeconomic status (χ2 = 0.451, p = 0.798) and disease severity (χ2 = 0.422, p = 0.810) had no relationship with depression in children and adolescents with SCA.Conclusion: Depression in children and adolescents with SCA increased with increasing age and educational level. Psychological evaluation should be integrated into routine assessment of children with SCA during their follow up visits as they get older and progress in class.
Effect of Cu Incorporation on Optoelectronic Properties of e-Beam Evaporated ZnO thin Films by Ellipsometric Investigations
Authors: Ali Gharieb A , moustafa said H. , Amer M. I. , Shaban H. , Emam-Ismail M. , Shaaban E. R. , El-Hagary M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electron beam deposition technique has been used to deposit a series of Zn1-xCuxO nanocrystalline thin film on silica substrate with a variety of Cu concentrations. The microstructural, surface morphology and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) were used to examine the physical properties of the deposited films. The nanocrystalline nature of the Zn1-xCuxO (0.0≤x≤0.20) thin film has been confirmed by surface morphology studies. The XRD spectrum of the Zn1-xCuxO nanocrystalline film showed a hexagonal wurtzite type structure, and no extra phase was detected. Our results show that as the Cu content increases, the direct optical energy gap Eg decreases without any sign of solubility limit up to x≤0.2. The decrease in Eg can be attributed to the sp-d exchange coupling. In addition, exploring the spectral behavior of the refractive index dispersion from SE of the Cu-doped ZnO shows that as the Cu dopant increments; the refractive index of the deposited film enhances. Further, understand the refractive index dispersion of the deposited film has been performed using a single oscillator model proposed by Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD). Our calculations show that as the Cu concentration increases, the values of oscillator energy Eo decreases however, the dispersion energy Ed increases. As a result, the variation of the optical energy band gap and the tunability of the dispersive oscillator parameters values Eo, Ed, n0, e0, M-1 and M-3 with the increase of the Cu doping level confirm that Cu doped ZnO films are a good candidate for optoelectronic device applications.
An Application of Slow Feature Analysis to the Genetic Sequences of Coronaviruses and Influenza viruses
Authors: Tsonis Anastasios , Wang Geli , Zhang Lvyi , Lu Wenxu , Kayafas Aristotle , Rio-Tsonis Katia Del 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMathematical approaches have for decades used to probe the structure of DNA sequences. This has led to the development of Bioinformatics. In this exploratory work, a novel mathematical method is applied to probe the DNA structure of two related viral families; those of coronaviruses and those of influenza viruses. The coronaviruses are SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS. The influenza viruses include H1N1-1918, H1N1-2009, H2N2-1957, and H3N2-1968.MethodsThe mathematical method used is the Slow Feature Analysis (SFA), a rather new but promising method to delineate complex structure in DNA sequences.ResultsThe analysis indicates that the DNA sequences exhibit an elaborate and convoluted structure akin to complex networks. We define a measure of complexity and show that each DNA sequence exhibits a certain degree of complexity within itself, while at the same time there exists complex inter-relationships between the sequences within a family and between the two families. From these relationships, we find evidence, especially for the coronavirus family, that increasing complexity in a sequence is associated with higher transmission rate but with lower mortality.ConclusionsThe complexity measure defined here may hold a promise and could become a useful tool in the prediction of transmission and mortality rates in future new viral strains.
Study on Mechanical Behavior and Failure Network of Deep Roadway under Different Lateral Pressure Coefficients
Authors: Luo Feng , Guo Yijun , Xu Peidong , Diao Yanglong , Li Meng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The failure and instability of roadway is a main disaster with the highest frequency in coal mines. The development of surrounding rock control technology is an important way to ensure mine safety. In order to obtain the failure characteristics of surrounding rock and optimize the support method of the roadway, the numerical simulation and physical simulation were used to investigate the mechanical behavior of deep roadway under different lateral pressure coefficients. The evolution mechanism of meso tensile-shear cracks in excavation damaged zone (EDZ) were deeply revealed. The results show that the shear bands which are basically in the form of sliding spiral extends from the two sidewalls to the roof and floor with the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, and develop to the deep surrounding rock. The “crescent-shaped” tensile failure zones generate in the roof and floor when λ < 1, and gradually decrease with the increase of horizontal stress. When λ = 1, the failure pattern around the arch and right angle sides are different influenced by the shape of different side. Under the special stress environment of high deviatoric stress, the pattern of plastic zone will lead to butterfly-like failure mode induced by the stress relief of excavation. Judged from the curves of tangential and deviatoric stress, the surrounding rock in the two sidewalls, the roof and floor are greatly damaged under λ < 0.75 and λ > 1.5 respectively. The verification of the numerical simulation experiment is proved by the similar material simulation experiment.
Liver Stiffness for Predicting Adverse Cardiac Events in Chinese Patients With Heart Failure: A Two-year Prospective Study
Authors: Wang Qian , Song Yuqing , Wu Qiming , Dong Qian , Yang Song 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. To investigate whether liver stiffness (LS) can predict adverse cardiac events in Chinese patients with heart failure (HF). Methods. Total of 53 hospitalized patients with HF were enrolled and LS and tricuspid annual plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)were determined before discharge with Fibroscan® and Echocardiography. The patients were divided into two groups: High LS group(LS >6.9Kpa, n=23) and Low LS group(LS ≤6.9Kp, n=30) . Patients were followed up for 24 months at interval of 3 months. The endpoint of follow-up is death or rehospitalization for HF. Results. All patients were followed up for 24 months or until the endpoint. Patients in High LS group had lower platelet count(P=0.014), lower creatine clear rate (P=0.014), higher level of B-type natriuretic peptide at discharge(P=0.012), and lower tricuspid annual plane systolic excursion (P<0.001). During 24 months follow-up, 3(5.7%) deaths and 21(39.6%) hospitalization were observed. Patients in high LS group had a higher rate of death/rehospitalization when compared with patient in low LS group (Hazard ratio: 4.81; 95% confidence interval:1.69-13.7, P=0.003) after adjustment for age, sex, platelet count, creatine clear rate, and B-type natriuretic peptide level. Also, TAPSE≤16 can predict adverse cardiac events with HR of 6.63 (95% confidence interval:1.69-13.7, P=0.004) for age, sex, platelet count, creatine clear rate, and B-type natriuretic peptide level.Conclusion. LS and TAPSE may be considered for predicting worse outcomes for patients with heart failure.
Comparative Study of Cefixime and Tetracycline: Measuring Effectiveness of Strategies to Improve Appropriate Antibiotic Use in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) in Urban Population Indonesia.
Authors: Ramdhani Danni , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Sediana Dede , A.P Hilarius Bima , Khumairoh Ika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat that occurs globally in the health sector due to increased consumption of inappropriate antibiotics. Guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs have been issued in general practice to promote rational antibiotic prescribing. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cefixime and tetracycline as a solution to improve monitoring of appropriate antibiotic use in the treatment of ARTIs.Methods. All stock isolates were rejuvenated first, and cultured on standard media and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute's (CLSI) recommendations. Identification of bacteria from a single isolate was carried out to determine which bacteria were resistant to cefixime and tetracycline.Results. A total of 466 single isolates of bacteria were analyzed, which showed a percentage of resistance to cefixime 38.0 %, and tetracycline 92.86 %. Bacterial isolates were resistant to cefixime and tetracycilne was a genus of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and bordetella. Conclusions. Cefixime compared to tetracycline was proven to be superior in terms of the effectiveness of ARIs treatment.
Biophysical and Computational Landscapes of Mycobacterial Pyrophosphatase: A Closer View of Drug Repurposing With Different Natural and Synthetic Compounds.
Authors: Shivangi Shivangi , Meena Laxman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterial pyrophosphatase (Mt-ppa) play essential role in bacterial in vitro and in vivo survival. This family of proteins reacts on pyrophosphates to release orthophosphates and protect bacteria from pyrophosphates toxicity. Rv3628 encodes pyrophosphate protein which is a type I pyrophosphate protein. This protein is engaged in hydrolysis of tri and diphosphates (majorly GTP, ATP and GDP) and its catalysis is metal ion dependent. Mt-ppa was showed efficient interaction with GTP molecule, whose Kd was 37.9µM, ΔH was -11Kcal/mol and ΔG was -6.06Kcal/mol. The protein was interacted with ATP family genes that resemble that it is participator in conversion of diphosphates moiety to the residual monophosphates. W102G, V150G, F44G, I119G, L93F, F3G, F122G, I108G, L32G, M82G, Y17G, L59G, V5G, V26G, I7G, W140D, W140G, W140A, F80G, W140S, L49G, L56G, I9G, V60G, V19G, V92G, L28G, L61G, Y126E and F123G are the top 30 mutation hits and Y126G, Y42G, R30G, E8G, K16G are top mutational hits in active site of Mt-ppa. Mt-ppa is temperature and pH sensitive as increasing temperature and pH decreases protein stability. It is also the receptor for several kinases that phosphorylate this protein at different Ser/Thr/Tyr sites. Virtual screening of 700 compounds from herbal ingredient targets (HITs) subset of zinc database give ZINC000003979028, ZINC000003870413, ZINC000003870412, ZINC000150338758, ZINC0000070450948, ZINC000150338754, ZINC000095098891, ZINC000000119985, ZINC000005085286 as the top target hits and Mac0182344 and NAV_2729 as the top GTPase inhibitor that can target and hinders Mt-ppa activity.
Effect of Polystyrene Treatment on the Efficiency and Stability of Fully Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells With Carbon Electrode
Authors: Sonu Kyong Su , Kim Pyol , Ko Song Guk , So Hak Son , Ri Jin Hyok , Ryu Kwon Il 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hole conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode (PM-PSCs) have a good commercialization prospect because of low-cost production and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Currently, the problem of improving the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is very important for commercialization. Interfacial engineering using polymers is an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs. We prepared PM-PSCs by treatment with the toluene solution containing PS on the carbon electrode of the PM-PSCs, which would improve the charge transfer and greatly suppressed charge recombination in polystyrene (PS)-treated PM-PSCs, and also could greatly prevent degradation of perovskite into PbI2. The PS-treated PM-PSCs showed higher stability to light and moisture than the control, and the PCE was improved from 11.31% (control) to 14.03%.
The Impact of PbF2-Based Glasses on Radiation Shielding and Mechanical Concepts: An Extensive Theoretical and Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Authors: El-Denglawey A. , Issa Shams A.M. , Saddeek Yasser B. , Tekin Huseyin O. , Zakaly Hesham M.H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the impact of Lead-fluoride based glasses via theoretical and simulation techniques on mechanical and radiation shielding parameters. Accordingly, a glass composition PbF2 blended with TeO2-B2O3-Bi2O3 glasses were synthesised by using melt-quenching method. Using Fluka Monte Carlo code, the radiation shielding properties have measured. Moreover. Comparatively higher density PbF80= 6.163g/cm3 with 80 mol % Bi2O3, greater µ, µm and Zeff and lower T1/2, l, tenth value layer values achieved for TeO2-B2O3-Bi2O3/PbF2 glass pointed it out as the best shield of gamma. Besides, the computed effective removal cross-sections against fast neutrons (ΣR) observed that the PbF80 sample has commensurately greater with value 5.2954 (cm-1) The results observed that the variation Bi2O3/PbF2 improves the gamma protection ability of Lead-fluoride based glasses. The longitudinal modulus-L, shear modulus-S, bulk modulus-K, and Young’s modulus-Y raised from 15.89 to 25.9 -GPa, from 8.49 to 12.09 -GPa, from 4.58 to 9.77 -GPa, and from 15.74 to 25.69 -GPa, respectively. The results indicate that the highest Bi2O3/PbF2 ratio encoded PbF80 has the best shielding and mechanical competence with measurable physical properties.
Implementation and Success Factors from Thailand’s 1-3-7 Surveillance Strategy for Malaria Elimination
Authors: Lertpiriyasuwat Cheewanan , Sudathip Prayuth , Kitchakarn Suravadee , Areechokchai Darin , Naowarat Sathapana , Shah Jui A. , Sintasath David , Pinyajeerapat Niparueradee , Young Felicity , Thimasarn Krongthong , Gopinath Deyer , Prempree Preecha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thailand’s National Malaria Elimination Strategy 2017–2026 introduced the 1-3-7 strategy as a robust surveillance and response approach for elimination that would prioritize timely, evidence-based action. Under this strategy, cases are reported within 1 day, cases are investigated within 3 days, and foci are investigated and responded to within 7 days, building on Thailand’s long history of conducting case investigation since the 1980s. However, the hallmark of the 1-3-7 strategy is timeliness, with strict deadlines for reporting and response to accelerate elimination. This paper outlines Thailand’s experience adapting and implementing the 1-3-7 strategy, including success factors such as a cross-sectoral Steering Committee, participation in a collaborative regional partnership, and flexible local budgets. The program continues to evolve to ensure prompt and high-quality case management, capacity maintenance, and adequate supply of lifesaving commodities based on surveillance data. Results from implementation suggest the 1-3-7 strategy has contributed to Thailand’s decline in malaria burden; this experience may be useful for other countries aiming to eliminate malaria.
Application of Deep Learning-Based Neural Networks Using Theoretical Seismograms as Training Data for Locating Earthquakes in the Hakone Volcanic Region, Japan
Authors: Sugiyama Daisuke , Tsuboi Seiji , Yukutake Yohei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we propose a new approach for determining earthquake hypocentral parameters. This approach integrates computed theoretical seismograms and deep machine learning. The theoretical seismograms are generated through a realistic three-dimensional Earth model, and are then used to create spatial images of seismic wave propagation at the Earth’s surface. These snapshots are subsequently utilized as a training dataset for a convolutional neural network. Neural networks for determining hypocentral parameters such as the epicenter, depth, occurrence time, and magnitude are established using the temporal evolution of the snapshots. These networks are applied to seismograms from the seismic observation network in the Hakone volcanic region in Japan to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed approach for locating earthquakes. We demonstrate that the determination accuracy of hypocentral parameters can be improved by including theoretical seismograms for different earthquake locations and sizes, in the learning dataset for the deep machine learning. Using the proposed method, the hypocentral parameters are automatically determined within seconds after detecting an event. This method can potentially serve in monitoring earthquake activity in active volcanic areas such as the Hakone region.
Alteration of Payload in Extracellular Vesicles by Crosstalk With Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Origin
Authors: Park Dong Jun , Park Jeong-Eun , Kong Tae Hoon , Seo YoungJoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) requires customized materials to target disease or cell damage. We hypothesized that EVs exert different inflammatory effects on one recipient cell, although stem cells of different origins in humans have similar payloads.ResultsHere, the payload of EVs released by crosstalk between MSCs and human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) extracted from adipose tissue, bone marrow and tonsils significantly increased the level of anti-inflammatory factors. EVs derived from the co-culture medium decreased TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels to approximately zero within 3 h in HMEECs. Expression of miR-638 and amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2 was analyzed using microarrays and gene ontology analysis, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, stem cells of different origins have different payloads through crosstalk with recipient-specific cells. Inducing specific factors in EVs by co-culture with MSCs could be valuable in regenerative medicine.