bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Explanations for Conflicting Findings on Abrupt Versus Gradual Smoking Cessation: A Population Study in England
Authors: Garnett Claire , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , Raupach Tobias , Lindson Nicola 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Observational and trial evidence conflict on the efficacy of two contrasting behavioral approaches to quitting smoking—gradual and abrupt. Observational data suggest an abrupt approach to quitting is superior to a gradual approach, whilst trials show no difference. One potential explanation is self-selection in observational data, whereby people can choose their quit approach, and those who find it harder to quit may be more likely to choose a gradual quit approach. This study aims to investigate potential explanations for these conflicting findings.

Aims and Methods
This study aims to investigate potential explanations for these conflicting findings. We used observational data from a nationally representative sample of adults in England from November 2006 to February 2020 who reported smoking and had made at least one quit attempt in the past year (n = 21 542). We used logistic regression models to assess the association between abrupt versus gradual quit attempts and quit success, adjusting for sociodemographic, smoking, and quit attempt characteristics.

Findings
Abrupt, versus gradual, attempts were associated with improved quit success in an unadjusted model (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.19). This association remained after adjusting for a broad range of relevant confounders (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.59 to 1.93).

Conclusions
Among a representative sample of adults who had smoked and made a quit attempt in the past year, there was evidence of an association between abrupt attempts and quit success before and after adjusting for relevant confounders. This suggests that the differences in quit success seen between abrupt and gradual quit attempt types are not completely driven by self-selection in observational data.

Implications
We investigated explanations for conflicting findings on the efficacy of gradual versus abrupt approaches to quitting smoking between trial and observational data. Despite adjusting observational data for sociodemographic, smoking, and quit attempt characteristics, an association between abrupt quitting and quit success remained. Therefore, differences in quit success were not completely driven by the self-selection of a gradual approach by people who found it especially difficult to quit or differences in the use of quitting aids. However, characteristics adjusted for were limited by the data available, and future research should continue to investigate the difference in findings across study types to inform cessation support.
The Power of Women in Gabriel García Márquez’s World
Authors: Celis-Salgado Nadia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A palette of vibrant and resilient female characters delineates García Márquez’s work. His heroines are the material and spiritual axis of families and communities whose survival depends on women’s most ordinary skills as much as on the supernatural expressions of their strength, fecundity, and knowledge. Yet echoing the tensions surrounding women and women’s power in Caribbean and Latin American cultures, most of García Márquez’s protagonists are primarily defined by their roles in the lives of the men they are intimately linked to. A complex hierarchy of women, and men, emerges from those intimate relationships. This article delves into García Márquez’s portrayal of women both to celebrate his powerful female protagonists and to explore the contradictions that the notions of gender, love, and sexuality embedded in his work impose on women’s bodies and subjectivities. Although many of his characters are fully desiring women reluctant to surrender their autonomy and their right to pleasure, those who openly defy social conventions or fail to subjugate their desires to the needs and initiatives of men are often faced by a variety of reprisals, ranging from isolation to magical disappearances and not excluding physical violence and death. Beyond the private negotiations of power, affective and sexual relations in García Márquez’s work speak of the intimate anchors of social (public) power. By grounding the reading of García Marquez’s women in studies of gender and sexuality in the Caribbean, this article also contributes to the analysis of two other major topics of his work, power and love.
Spain in the Making and Reception of García Márquez’s Works
Authors: Santana-Acuña Álvaro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gabriel García Márquez is one of the most beloved and read writers of the last century in Spain. Yet his early literary works went almost unnoticed for more than a decade among Spanish publishers, critics, and readers. The success of One Hundred Years of Solitude and subsequent works transformed him into a popular bestselling writer and iconic figure in that country. Using little-known and new sources, including documents from contemporary reviews and readers’ reactions as well as the author’s archives, this article studies the reception of García Márquez’s works and his rise to stardom in Spain. Key to the successful response to his oeuvre were (1) the literary education of the author, which allowed him to develop a writing style with appeal to Spanish audiences; (2) the diffusion and consecration of the New Latin American Novel (aka Boom novel) during a crisis in Peninsular fiction; (3) the modernization of Spain’s book industry, which benefited the promotion of García Márquez’s works among the rising middle classes; and (4) the writer’s involvement in the country’s cultural and political affairs during its transition to and consolidation of democratic rule. The intersection of these threads resulted in the appropriation of García Márquez as a Spanish writer and his transformation into one of Spain’s cultural icons. This article builds on analytical tools developed by the fields of cultural sociology and the history of reading practices.
García Márquez’s Global Travel Writing beyond the Iron Curtain, 1955–1959
Authors: Siskind Mariano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
From the foundation of Macondo to the successive arrivals of Melquíades, from countryside to modern cities, from exilic destinations to the global circuits of world literary stardom, and from Aracataca, Barranquilla, Sucre, Bogotá, and Cartagena to Rome, Paris, London, Caracas, New York, Barcelona, Mexico City, and beyond, travel, displacement, and dislocated conditions of literary production have always been at the center of García Márquez’s fiction and nonfiction, as both topics and constructive principles. This chapter analyzes García Márquez’s writing of travel during the second half of the 1950s, a period marked by the writer’s own experimental displacements. The essay focuses on the chronicles García Márquez wrote about his journeys to Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1955, and through the German Democratic Republic, the Soviet Union, and Hungary in 1957, including his visits to Auschwitz and Lenin’s and Stalin’s tombs. His travelogues were published in the Venezuelan magazine Momentos (1958) and the Colombian magazine Cromos (1959, under the title “90 días tras la cortina de hierro”), and they can be read as a laboratory before and against magical realism, before and against the emergence of the Latin Americanist cultural politics at the center of García Márquez’s literary and intellectual project.
Monstrous Innocence and Its Expression in García Márquez’s Tales
Authors: Friedman Mary Lusky 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vulnerable outsiders obsess García Márquez. Each of the three books of tales he published between 1962 and 1992 offers more than one telling of a newcomer’s reception in a community to which he does not belong. “La siesta del martes” and “Un día después del sábado,” in Los funerales de la mamá grande (1962); “Un señor muy viejo con unas alas enormes” and “El ahogado más hermoso del mundo,” in La increíble y triste historia de la cándida Eréndira y de su abuela desalmada (1972); and nearly all of the Doce cuentos peregrinos (1992) narrate the indignities, outright violence, and, occasionally, kindness with which new arrivals to a community are met. García Márquez’s “outsider” stories not only rehearse one of his most emblematic plot lines but also show his fascination with what this article calls “monstrous innocence.” Especially in his magical realist and later work, he conjoins the physically or morally grotesque with innocence, understood now as childlike vulnerability, now as the premodern “inexperience” of Caribbean folk beliefs. This article analyzes how, in the course of his career, García Márquez comes to relate the motifs of the vulnerable outsider and monstrous innocence. Drawing at times on García Márquez’s autobiography Vivir para contarla (2002) and detouring briefly to show how Cien años de soledad invests a whole community with monstrous innocence, the article concludes by showing that, in his final tales, García Márquez identifies in death itself the signal source of vulnerability and casts the artist as monstrous, his work as innocent.
Modernity and Its Ruins in Of Love and Other Demons
Authors: Segura-Rico Nereida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Of Love and Other Demons (1994), García Márquez presents a tableau of daily life in the city of Cartagena de Indias in the eighteenth century with the opening paragraphs of the novel, situating the center of the action in the harbor and a ship with slaves that had arrived from Guinea. In order to depict the city and its inhabitants, the narrator adopts the point of view of a chronicler, positioning himself within the discourses of power of the metropolis in colonial Latin America. This article analyzes the subversion of those discourses of power that the narrative voice carries out from within, as it seemingly anchors the action in an identifiable space and time, only to dismantle the pretension of progress, historical or otherwise. The narrator-chronicler—an extension of the author-journalist in the introductory pages to the novel—intertwines competing philosophies and ideologies not through the all-encompassing view of magical realism but by laying bare the binary oppositions enacted by “the lettered city.” Having been born from the bones discovered in the crypt of the convent, the whole narrative becomes a memento mori, its development punctuated by instances of illness and demise, such as the corpses of the slaves afloat in the harbor, or the annihilation of reason, both literally and metaphorically, signified in a diagnosis of rabies. Thus, the novel cannot but be an extension of death, an ironic chronicling of a progress arrested by its material and moral ruins.
García Márquez and His Precursors
Authors: Parkinson Zamora Lois 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article is interested in writers and literary traditions that have influenced García Márquez, whether stylistically or structurally, culturally or historically, or all of these. The article pays attention to the author’s comments and his appropriations of specific precursors, especially as he acknowledges them in his autobiography Living to Tell the Tale (2002). It takes Jorge Luis Borges’s tack and suggests that the process of influence moves back as well as forward in time, that influence is reciprocal and precursors may be influenced by García Márquez as well as influencing him. Among the dozens of authors who both influence and are influenced by García Márquez are Faulkner, Kafka, Garcilaso de la Vega, and Spanish baroque poets and playwrights. The article also discusses the influence of his grandmother’s storytelling and the deeply embedded cultural influence of Catholicism in Colombia. By attending to García Márquez’s complex relation with his precursors, the article shows that one may justifiably speak of una tradición gabrielina.
Imagining the Afro-Caribbean in García Márquez’s Fiction
Authors: López-Mejía Adelaida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a few early short stories, Gabriel García Márquez created minor characters described as “mulattos” or “negros”; the memorable character of Petra Cotes in Cien años de soledad (1967) is a “mulatta.” In El otoño del patriarca (1975), El amor en los tiempos de cólera (1985), El general en su laberinto (1989), and Del amor y otros demonios (1994), the Colombian-born author develops a more historical vision of the Caribbean as a culture inseparable from the lived experiences of descendants of the African slave trade. This article addresses the problematic construction of Afro-Caribbean subjectivity in García Márquez’s fiction, with particular attention to work published after Cien años de soledad. The 1972 short story “Eréndira” takes the story of a mulatta child-prostitute from a brief episode in Cien años and effectively hypersexualizes the Afro-Caribbean body. So, too, does El otoño del patriarca, with its frequent use of the epithet “burdel de negros” to refer to an imaginary Caribbean nation. The hypersexualization of Afro-Caribbean female characters permeates El amor en los tiempos del cólera. A psychologically dependent relationship between Simón Bolívar and his mixed-race valet in El general en su laberinto and then the “triumph” of a Spanish Renaissance poetic voice over childhood memories of African languages in Del amor y otros demonios provide the backdrop for the author’s final attempts to imagine Afro-Caribbean subjectivity in his fiction.
Disclosure, Discrimination, and Identity among
Working Professionals with Bipolar Disorder or Major
Depression
Authors: Elliott Marta , Reuter Jordan C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the results of an analysis of in-depth interviews with a snowball sample of 45 people who identified as working professionals diagnosed with bipolar disorder or major depression. It explores three dimensions of their experience: disclosure versus concealment of their diagnosis on the job, exposure to discrimination in the workplace based on their mental illness diagnosis, and identity strategies they used to manage the status inconsistency between being a professional and having a mental illness diagnosis. The findings reveal how people learn to calculate when it is safe to disclose their diagnosis on the job, especially after experiencing discriminatory treatment such as being fired or demoted. They also indicate that applying for workplace modifications to accommodate symptoms of mental illness may be met with unprofessional and unsupportive reactions on the part of managers, Human Resources professionals, and coworkers, which could explain in part why so few participants in this sample sought them. When it comes to balancing inconsistent statuses, the findings demonstrate how people distance themselves from their mental illness identity in favor of the more prized status of working professional as a means of self-preservation. The chapter concludes with a call for sweeping changes in workplace culture to minimize fear and shame and maximize inclusion of people diagnosed with mental illness, allowing them to flourish in careers in which they may realize their full potential.
Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment
Outcomes
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Ramirez Norma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter identifies some of the main barriers and available supports that allow students with disabilities to participate in vocational rehabilitation (VR) transition programs. VR is a US federal program that attempts (as one of its goals) to introduce students with disabilities to employment experiences while they are still in school. The program uses access to paid internships and vocational counseling among several other components as key mechanisms to pursue its objectives. The chapter describes how the program is introduced from a best-practices perspective and proposes a conceptual model that highlights the individual, organizational, and contextual factors affecting employment outcomes for youth with disabilities. It also introduces the concept of entrepreneurship as another way to support the transition of high school youth with disabilities and discuss the implications of VR programs and supports on the employment outcomes of youth with disabilities.
Critical Thinking on Disability and Development in
the Global South
Authors: Grech Shaun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The need to focus on disability in the Global South as an academic and practice endeavor has garnered some support in recent years, often backed by frequent references to a disability and poverty relationship, and a consequent need to link disability and international development. Indeed, calls for disability mainstreaming, disability targeting, and emerging discourse on disability-inclusive development (DID) have stepped up, accompanied by policy developments and declarations such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the sustainable development goals (SDGS). Despite these shifts, disability remains marginalized in development research, policy, and programs. Overall, there is a lack of critical discussion on “disability and development,” and difficult questions, including those regarding the implications of development for disabled people, are often forsaken in favor of an approach that seeks to simplify and generalize. The result is that accounts on disability and development are not only partial and fragmented but also neocolonizing. Inspired by critical disability studies and decolonial theory, this chapter reflects critically on some of these concerns, addressing emerging issues that arise when Global North disability discourse and “development” confront complex and dynamic heterogeneous Southern spaces and disability.
The Long History of Feminist Legal Theory
Authors: Thomas Tracy A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conventional idea is that feminist legal theory began in the 1970s, in the second-wave feminist movement. However, the foundations of feminist legal theory were first conceptualized much earlier, in 1848, and developed over the next century and a half through distinct periods of thought. That development began with the establishment of the core theoretical precepts of gender and equality grounded in the comprehensive philosophy of the nineteenth-century’s first women’s rights movement ignited at Seneca Falls. Feminist legal theory was popularized and advanced by the political activism of the women’s suffrage movement, even as suffragists limited the feminist consensus to one based on women’s maternalism. Progressive feminism then expanded the theoretical framework of feminist theory in the early twentieth century, encapsulating ideas of global peace, market work, and sex rights of birth control. In the modern era, legal feminists gravitated back to pragmatic and concrete ideas of formal equality and the associated legalisms of equal rights and equal protection. Yet through each of these periods, the two common imperatives were to place women at the center of analysis and to recognize law as a fundamental agent of change.
Light Shows as Public, Vernacular Music Theory
Authors: Lucas Olivia R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reads light shows as a form of public music theory, examining how the practice of concert lighting expresses a kind of vernacular musical analysis. Light shows are an essential component of the contemporary popular music concert experience, as they help direct the audience’s focus and turn concerts into immersive, multi-sensory experiences. Whether planned in advance or improvised, the work of creating these light shows involves activities essential to musical analysis: skillful listening and expert knowledge of style. Beyond the analytical labor that goes into their creation, some light shows additionally visualize analytical ideas about the music they accompany; examples demonstrate how light shows can help express musical parameters like timbre, form, rhythm, and contour. Such analytical light shows exhibit a kind of broadly accessible, public-facing music theory that need not rely on notation at any stage of production or reception.
Music and Baseball Talks at Cooperstown
Authors: Johnson Timothy A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes seven public music theory presentations at the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. Topics include Charles Ives’s sketches and completed music about baseball and ballplayers, the popular song “Take Me Out to the Ball Game,” a seminar on historical and contemporary baseball music, Casey at the Bat for band and narrator, major league walk-up and entrance music, and branding ball clubs through music. The chapter describes ways to draw musical meaning from music analysis as a fulfilling way for music theorists to connect their work with public audiences through engagement with music from specific social and cultural contexts. These approaches involve both concert music and contemporary popular music and include music that illustrates or celebrates baseball situations as well as music heard at ballparks.
Forensic Translations of Music in Copyright Litigation
Authors: Leo Katherine M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For nearly two centuries, musical expert witnesses and amicus curiae have played an essential role in federal copyright litigation, but one that is framed by cumulating legal regulations. This chapter takes an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the effect of such regulations on the available sources for forensic musical analysis and the contributions of contemporary experts to legal evaluations of alleged infringement. Because federal rules and judicial precedent have limited the questions to which experts may respond, their role in litigation might be understood as one of translation, rendering music as legal evidence. This situation has led to trends in both the techniques that experts apply and the issues they encounter. Although non-dispositive, these contributions have the potential to influence the outcome of each case and the development of public law surrounding music as intellectual property.
“Only Connect”
Authors: Burnham Scott 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter understands the fundamental task of a pre-concert lecture as one of connecting both with the music and with the audience, and doing so with the aim of encouraging more active listening. Techniques for effective pre-concert lectures include presenting the most salient aspects of the music, such as beginnings, endings, primary themes, and other notable features; deploying compelling metaphors to describe these features; making comparisons to other pieces of music for the purpose of profiling a piece’s individuality; and generally aspiring to achieve performative intensity through well-crafted rhetoric, physical gestures, and an ongoing infusion of one’s own passion for the music under consideration. The chapter is illustrated with several brief excerpts from the author’s own pre-concert lectures.
Music Theory Clubs and their Roles in School and Community
Authors: Beavers Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A Music Theory Club is an extra-curricular activity, found primarily in institutions of higher education, that provides mostly undergraduate students with exceptional experiences geared toward deepening their understanding of music. Because the membership of these clubs need not be limited to students majoring or minoring in music, or even to those who are enrolled in a music theory class, they may be considered examples of public music theory. Additionally, the members may choose to engage in community-based public music theory projects. In the following chapter, the author explores what a music theory club is, how it benefits students, faculty, and community alike, how to start one, and the types of activities a music theory club can be involved with.