bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologics modulate antinuclear antibodies, immunoglobulin E, and eosinophil counts in psoriasis patients
Authors: Sugiura Riichiro , Terui Hitoshi , Shimada‐Omori Ryoko , Yamazaki Emi , Tsuchiyama Kenichiro , Takahashi Toshiya , Aiba Setsuya , Yamasaki Kenshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic disease centered on tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐23, and IL‐17 axis. While psoriasis patients benefit from biologics targeting TNF, IL‐17s, and IL‐23 nowadays, suppression of these molecules could modulate the balances of immune systems. However, the incidence of autoimmune disease and T‐helper 2 reaction during biologic treatments for psoriasis patients is not well documented. We retrospectively examined antinuclear antibody (ANA), eosinophil counts, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels for psoriasis patients who underwent biologic treatments in our dermatology clinic from June 10, 2010 to January 29, 2020. A cumulative total of 199 biologic treatments were performed for a total of 128 psoriasis patients. Compared to the non‐biologic group of 109 psoriasis patients who received non‐biologic treatment, patients treated with infliximab showed more incidents of high ANA (14%, p = 0.039) and high eosinophils (14%, p = 0.021). The use of brodalumab increased incidents of high eosinophils (21%, p = 0.005) but did not affect increase in ANA and IgE. The increase in high IgE level was observed significantly more during the use of risankizumab (15%, p = 0.011). Methotrexate was the most frequently used concomitant systemic treatment, but methotrexate did not affect ANA, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. Since the biologics for psoriasis treatment modulate the balance of T‐helper cells, careful observation is required to detect unexpected changes of systemic immune conditions under biologic treatments.
Falling into Line? The Hostile Environment and the Legend of the ‘Judges’ Revolt’
Authors: Rowe Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2012 the Government made a number of controversial changes to the Immigration Rules, which it claimed would ‘comprehensively reform the approach taken towards ECHR Article 8 in immigration cases’. This paper examines the judicial response, arguing that the courts ‘fell into line’, adapting human rights law to the government's aims through unprincipled and opportunistic techniques, whilst inflicting hardship and injustice on working‐class British citizens in particular. Four key moves are identified. First, the courts created an ‘incapable’ test which immunised the rules from in principle challenges. Second, Lord Bingham's Article 8 test, in which the reasonableness of any family member relocation was a central consideration, was replaced with a far less family‐friendly test. Third, the courts adopted an ultra‐lax rationality test at common law, even when the ‘fundamental rights’ of British citizens were engaged. Finally, the courts identified immigration policy as the ‘constitutional responsibility’ of the executive.
Aroma and color development during the production of specialty malts: A review
Authors: Prado Raphael , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecialty malts comprise a promising field for innovative approaches concerning their potential in terms of color, aroma, and taste influence on the composition of beer and other beverages. Nevertheless, poor reproducibility of aroma and taste is a recurrent struggle between maltsters, leaving color as a practical parameter for quality control. However, malts with similar coloration can present distinct aroma profiles, leaving open questions concerning key aroma compounds, their dynamic responses to malting process variations and to what extent they may vary in a certain color range. Key aroma volatiles have been identified in the matrix of barley malt, comprising a variety of products of non‐enzymatic browning reactions (e.g., caramelization, pyrolysis, and Maillard reactions). Here, water plays a crucial role together with the intensity of the temperature regimes. Nevertheless, the final aroma profile of a malt product is the result of a balance between aroma formation and losses. Therefore, the correlation between color and aroma is of big complexity. That being the case, the present article questions if key aroma compounds responsible for the peculiar flavors of specialties have been defined by scientific literature and whether their production dynamics is unveiled. In this manner, this work proposes an overview of the aroma compounds present in specialty malt products studied up to the current date. More specifically, the process production of specialty malts and its potential impact on the formation of aroma and taste is studied alongside the key aroma‐active compounds, their correlation to color, and trending analytical techniques for aroma and color assessment.
Assessment of peritoneal thickness using CT in relation to dialysis adequacy in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Barutcu Atas Dilek , Demircioglu Ozlem , Cimsit Canan , Velioglu Arzu , Arikan Hakki , Asicioglu Ebru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies assessing peritoneal thickness by CT in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between peritoneal thickness as measured by CT and dialysis adequacy with peritoneal membrane characteristics in PD patients. Ninety‐four PD patients were enrolled. Peritoneal thickness was measured by CT. Patients with and without a decrease in Kt/V of at least 0.3 over time were classified as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. An increase of 0.1 unit of dialysate/plasma (D/P) creatinine over time were considered significant. The relationship between peritoneal membrane thickness, change in Kt/V, and peritoneal membrane characteristics were investigated. There were 31 (33.0%) patients in Group 1. The duration of PD (86.0 ± 64.1 vs. 59.6 ± 45.2 months, p: 0.023), peritoneal thickness (1.02 ± 0.37 vs. 0.87 ± 0.21 mm, p: 0.015), peritoneal calcification (7 [22.6%] vs. 3 [4.8%] patients, p: 0.013], increased D/P creatinine ratio (14 [45.2%] vs. 14 [22.2%] patients, p: 0.031) and CRP (13.9 ± 11.2 vs. 7.1 ± 4.8 mg/L, p: 0.045) were significantly higher in Group 1, whereas albumin (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6 g/dL, p: 0.047) and parathyroid hormone (355.2 ± 260.2 vs. 532.1 ± 332.9 ng/L, p: 0.015) levels were significantly lower. Peritoneal thickness was significantly correlated with duration of PD (r: 0.775, p < 0.001) and CRP (r: 0.282, p: 0.006). Regression analysis showed that peritoneal thickness (Exp (B) [95% CI]: 0.029 [0.003–0.253], p: 0.001) was independent predictor of decreased Kt/V in PD patients. In conclusion, prolonged PD duration and increased peritoneal thickness are associated with a decrease in Kt/V over time. CT may be an alternative and noninvasive method instead of peritoneal biopsy for determining the structural changes of the peritoneal membrane .
Carboplatin, pemetrexed, and pembrolizumab was effective for primary salivary gland‐type lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed due to esophageal stricture: A case report
Authors: Kawakado Keita , Tamura Tomoki , Nakanishi Masamoto , Makimoto Go , Sato Yumiko , Kuyama Shoichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary salivary gland‐type tumors of the lung are rare, accounting for <1% of all lung tumors. There are few reports on chemotherapy for the treatment of primary salivary gland‐type tumors of the lung. The patient in this report was a 71‐year‐old woman who presented with a chief complaint of dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an esophageal stricture, but biopsy showed no malignancy. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed carcinomatous lymphangiomatosis and a nodule in the right lung. Bronchoscopy showed a rough mucous membrane of the central bronchi, while biopsy showed adenocarcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and received carboplatin, pemetrexed, and pembrolizumab, which alleviated the esophageal stricture and cancerous lymphangiopathy. However, the adenocarcinoma progressed, and she subsequently received several rounds of chemotherapy. One year after diagnosis, the patient died, and pathological autopsy revealed primary salivary gland‐type tumors of the lung.
Convergence theory and conditional income convergence among sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Huffman Nadia , Huffman Wallace 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the hypothesis of conditional convergence in income per person for sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries over the most recent twenty‐five‐year period, 1990–2014, including examining the effects of new conditioning variables. This study uses new data from the Penn‐World Table 9.0 on per capita income and income growth which recently became available in purchasing‐power‐parity (PPP$) 2011 dollars. This is the first article to use this data to research convergence of per capita income in SSA. The study also identifies new conditioning variables and includes them in the econometric model of growth. The main results are for the largest 35 SSA countries, and they include: Average per capita income in 2011 PPP$ grew at 1.6% over the period of 1990–2014; and conditional convergence is occurring, that is, countries lagging behind in 1990 grew faster. Further, instrumenting the starting year value of per capita income increases the rate of convergence by 50%. The strongest finding throughout was for share of labor in agriculture, indicating that countries with a larger share of agriculture in 1990 grew slower. It also finds that countries located on the ocean and with a higher literacy rate tend to grow faster, while countries with higher life expectancy grew slower. External support for new agricultural technology or increased nutrition and food availability that increases agricultural productivity would reduce the share of labor in agriculture and increase future growth performance.
Exposure to suicide in the family and suicidal ideation in Portugal during the Covid‐19 pandemic: The mediating role of unbearable psychache
Authors: Pereira Alexandra Medina , Campos Rui C. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThis study tested the mediation effects of two facets of psychache – bearable and unbearable – in the relationship between exposure to suicide in the family and suicidal ideation in Portugal during the Covid‐19 pandemic.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐four adults aged between 19 and 64 participated. Two groups were defined: one exposed to suicide in the family (n = 42) and a control group (n = 192).ResultsPath analysis using structural equation modelling tested a mediation model. Results demonstrated that unbearable psychache fully mediated the relationship between exposure to suicide and suicidal ideation, even when controlling for the mediation effects of depressive symptoms, the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis, and years of education.ConclusionsThese results suggest that rather than considering just the global experience of psychache in individuals exposed to suicide, researchers and clinicians should look to the presence of unbearable psychache given its contribution to suicidal ideation.Practitioner pointsUnbearable psychache fully mediated the relationship between exposure to suicide in the family and suicidal ideationIt is not the global experience of psychache that contributes to suicide ideation in individuals exposed to suicide in the family rather the presence of unbearable psychache
Improved survival outcomes despite older age at diagnosis: an era‐by‐era analysis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated at a single referral centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kaji Furqaan A. , Martinez‐Calle Nicolas , Bishton Mark J. , Figueroa Rocio , Adlington Joanne , O’Donoghue Michael , Smith Stuart , Byrne Paul , Paine Simon , Sovani Vishakha , Auer Dorothee , James Eleanor , Bessell Eric M. , Grainge Matthew J. , Fox Christopher P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryObservational studies with long‐term follow‐up of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are scarce. Patient data over a period of four decades were retrospectively analysed from databases at Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, UK. The cohort was delineated by two distinct therapeutic eras; the first from 01/01/1982 to 31/12/2010 (n = 147) and the second 01/01/2011 to 31/07/2020 (n = 125). The median age at diagnosis was significantly older in the second era compared to the first (69 and 65 years respectively, P = 0·003). The 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month overall survival (OS) rates in the second era were significantly higher compared to the first, at 85%, 77%, 62% versus 56%, 49%, 38% respectively (log‐rank test P < 0·0001). On multivariate analysis, high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX)‐based induction protocols employed in the second era were associated with improved OS compared to those used in the first [hazard ratio (HR) 0·40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·57]. Within the second era, superior OS rates were seen with the use of intensive HD‐MTX protocols (including consolidation with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation) compared to non‐intensive HD‐MTX schedules (HR 0·47, 95% CI 0·22–0·99). Initiating chemotherapy within 14 days of biopsy and use of rituximab were independently associated with improved OS and progression‐free survival during the second era. These data suggest that prompt treatment initiation and use of intensive HD‐MTX‐ and rituximab‐based protocols have resulted in improved survival outcomes for patients.
Collaborations between young people living with bodily impairments and their multiprofessional teams: The relational dynamics of participation and power
Authors: Skagestad Linn Julie , Østensjø Sigrid , Ulvik Oddbjørg Skjær 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how more or less relationally oriented forms of professional practices could be expressed in collaborations between young people living with bodily impairments and their multiprofessional teams. The analysis was based on life‐mode interviews with young people (16–20 years), individual and focus group interviews with the professionals and participant observation in team meetings. Drawing on sociocultural perspectives on participation and the workings of power, different discourses, subject positions and participatory strategies were recognised and related to the participation of the young people. Finally, the relevance of the findings for practice is reflected on in a participation rights perspective.
Sevoflurane preconditioning protects experimental ischemic stroke by enhancing anti‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages phenotype polarization through GSK‐3β/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Cai Min , Sun Sisi , Wang Jin , Dong Beibei , Yang Qianzi , Tian Li , Dong Hailong , Wang Shiquan , Hou Wugang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsSevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) results in cerebral ischemic tolerance; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Promoting microglia/macrophages polarization from pro‐inflammatory state to anti‐inflammatory phenotype has been indicated as a potential treatment target against ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of SPC on microglia polarization after stroke and which signaling pathway was involved in this transition.MethodsMouse primary microglia with SPC were challenged by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mice with SPC were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, the mRNA and protein levels of pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory factors were analyzed. GSK‐3β phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory factors, neurological scores, infarct volume, cellular apoptosis, the proportion of pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages, and the generation of super‐oxidants were examined after SPC or GSK‐3β inhibitor TDZD treatment with or without Nrf2 deficiency.ResultsSevoflurane preconditioning promoted anti‐inflammatory and inhibited pro‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. GSK‐3β phosphorylation at Ser9 was increased after SPC. Both SPC and TDZD administration enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, reduced pro‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages markers expression, promoted anti‐inflammatory markers level, and elicited a neuroprotective effect. Nrf2 deficiency abolished the promoted anti‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages polarization and ischemic tolerance induced by TDZD treatment. The reduced percentage of pro‐inflammatory positive cells and super‐oxidants generation induced by SFC or TDZD was also reversed by Nrf2 knockdown.ConclusionsOur results indicated that SPC exerts brain ischemic tolerance and promotes anti‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages polarization by GSK‐3β‐dependent Nrf2 activation, which provides a novel mechanism for SPC‐induced neuroprotection.
Microwave drying effect on drying characteristic and energy consumption of Ficus carica Linn leaves
Authors: Yilmaz Pelin , Demirhan Elcin , Özbek Belma 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFicus carica Linn leaves having significant pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐pyretic are available just in season. The effective utilization of nutritional values of leaves with enhanced shelf life has gained attention. Drying is usually the preferred technique to eliminate microbial attacks and increase shelf life of seasonal food products. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of microwave drying conditions on effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy, specific energy consumption (SEC), and energy efficiency were investigated at various microwave output power levels and sample amounts. The seven mathematical models were applied to describe the microwave drying kinetics of leaves and Page model was found as the best model. The maximum effective moisture diffusivity and drying rate constant values were determined as 9.84 × 10−11 m2/s and 1.15 1/min, respectively, at microwave output power level of 900 W and sample amount of 20 g. The activation energy values were estimated using the modified Arrhenius equation associated with effective moisture diffusivity (Ea = 11.41 W/g) and drying rate constant (Ea = 8.28 W/g). Additionally, the minimum SEC and maximum energy efficiency values (%) were found as 5.60 MJ/kg water and 40.31, respectively, at microwave output power level of 360 W and sample amount of 100 g. The results obtained from the present study seemed potentially useful to explore the applicability of microwave drying on Ficus carica Linn leaves to expand the availability of leaves having numerous nutritional ingredients throughout the whole year and take the advantage of their benefits in various industries.Practical ApplicationsEven if the benefits of Ficus carica L. leaves have been well presented in various studies in the literature, no study was found particularly which investigated the microwave drying kinetics of these leaves. Apart from the mathematical modeling of the drying characteristic and energy aspects of the leaf samples, the present study also targets to expand the usage area of these leaves with high shelf life and enable people to reach the leaves easily throughout the whole year. Hence, this study has potential for the commercial usage of these leaves for their effective utilization in various industries; such as beverage, bakery, cosmetic, and so on. In that way, the valuable nutritional ingredients of these leaves have been turned in favor of human consumption.
Convolutional neural network‐based object detection model to identify gastrointestinal stromal tumors in endoscopic ultrasound images
Authors: Oh Chang Kyo , Kim Taewan , Cho Yu Kyung , Cheung Dae Young , Lee Bo‐In , Cho Young‐Seok , Kim Jin Il , Choi Myung‐Gyu , Lee Han Hee , Lee Seungchul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based object detection model for the discrimination of gastric subepithelial tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and leiomyomas, in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images.MethodsWe used 376 images from 114 patients with histologically confirmed gastric GIST or leiomyoma to train the EUS‐CNN. We constructed the EUS‐CNN using an EfficientNet CNN model for feature extraction and a weighted bi‐directional feature pyramid network for object detection. We assessed the performance of our EUS‐CNN by calculating its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using a validation set of 170 images from 54 patients. Four EUS experts and 15 EUS trainees were asked to judge the same validation dataset, and the diagnostic yields were compared between the EUS‐CNN and human assessments.ResultsIn the per‐image analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of our EUS‐CNN were 95.6%, 82.1%, 91.2%, and 0.9234, respectively. In the per‐patient analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC for our object detection model were 100.0%, 85.7%, 96.3%, and 0.9929, respectively. The EUS‐CNN outperformed human assessment in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value.ConclusionsWe developed the EUS‐CNN system, which demonstrated high diagnostic ability for gastric GIST prediction. This EUS‐CNN system can be helpful not only for less‐experienced endoscopists but also for experienced ones. Additional EUS image accumulation and prospective studies are required alongside validation in a large multicenter trial.
Lack of energy is associated with malnutrition in nursing home residents: Results from the INCUR study
Authors: Azzolino Domenico , Marzetti Emanuele , Proietti Marco , Calvani Riccardo , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Rolland Yves , Cesari Matteo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLack of energy is a symptom frequently complained by older people, leading to the inability to continue functioning at the expected level of activity. This study aimed to investigate whether nutritional status was associated with lack of energy in nursing home (NH) residents.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. A total of 570 NH residents (72.1% women) in 13 French NHs from the Incidence of pNeumonia and related ConseqUences in nursing home Residents study cohort were included in the study. Lack of energy was measured by the question “Did you feel full of energy during the past week?” from the geriatric depression scale. Nutritional status was evaluated according to Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form (MNA‐SF). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were performed to test the association of nutritional status with lack of energy.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 86.5 (SD 7.5) years. A total of 246 NH residents (43.2%) reported a lack of energy. Overall, 71 (12.5%) residents were malnourished and 323 (56.7%) residents were at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition was significantly associated with lack of energy (OR = 3.42, 95% CI = 1.92–6.08, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.29–4.52, P = 0.006). Among the single items of the MNA‐SF, decrease in food intake, low mobility, and psychological stress or acute disease were individually associated with lack of energy, independently of potential confounders (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.24–2.77, P = 0.003; OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–1.86, P = 0.008; OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.19–1.84, P < 0.001; for each point respectively).ConclusionsLack of energy and malnutrition were closely associated. The reporting of lack of energy should lead to a comprehensive assessment of the aging individual (as happening for malnutrition) in order to preventively/promptly act on potentially reversible causes.