bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic eIF6 Promotes OSCC Malignant Behavior Through AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhao Zechen , Chu Weiming , Zheng Yang , Wang Chao , Yang Yuemei , Xu Teng , Yang Xueming , Zhang Wei , Ding Xu , Li Gang , Zhang Hongchuang , Zhou Junbo , Ye Jinhai , Wu Heming , Song Xiaomeng , Wu Yunong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), also known as integrin β4 binding protein, is involved in the formation and translation of ribosomes and acts as an anti-association factor. It is also essential for the growth and reproduction of cells, including tumor cells. Yet, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Methods: The expression characteristics of eIF6 in 233 samples were comprehensively analyzed by immumohistochemical staining (IHC). Effects of eIF6 over-expression and knockdown on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed for mechanism verification.Results: We found that cytoplasmic eIF6 was abnormally highly expressed in OSCC tissues, and its expression was associated with tumor size and the clinical grade. Amplification of eIF6 promoted the growth, migration, and invasion capabilities of OSCC cell lines in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Through Western blot analysis, we further discovered that eIF6 significantly promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in OSCC cells, while depletion of eIF6 can reverse this process. Mechanistically, eIF6 promotes tumor progression by activating the AKT signaling pathway. By performing co-immunoprecipitation, we discovered a direct interaction between endogenous eIF6 and AKT protein in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: This was the first report on the role and mechanism of eIF6 in OSCC. These results demonstrated that eIF6 could be a new therapeutic target in OSCC, thus providing a new basis for the prognosis of OSCC patients in the future.
Cost Analysis of Deploying Femtocells in Speed Trains in Nigeria to Improve Indoor Coverage and Capacity of LTE Network
Authors: Eze Raphael , Ahaneku Mamilus , Nwawelu Udora , Amoke Douglas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The cost analysis of deployment of femtocells in speed trains along Abuja-Kaduna standard gauge railway line to improve the coverage and capacity of Long Term Evolution (LTE) network for 5000 commuters using that route daily is presented in this paper. Additional cost will include the cost of femtocells procurement, license, installation, backhaul, operation & maintenance. The cost analysis is carried out using techno-economic model to determine the business viability of embarking on such a project by LTE network providers in Nigeria. The estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) as well as the projected revenues accrues from this project form the cash outflows and cash inflows are used to simulate the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) in MS Excel environment on a discount rate and tax rate of 22%, and 30%, respectively to determine the feasibility of the investment. The results of their NPV values which are positive show that the macro-femtocell arrangement in speed train plying Abuja-Kaduna railway route is cost effective for a life time of 10 years and is feasible up to an IRR 53% which exceeds the estimated discount rate of 22%. The value of the payback period indicates that it will not take long for any LTE network provider in Nigeria to recover their investment. The result of the NPV sensitivity analysis shows how various cost and non-cost parameters affect the cost-effectiveness of such investment.
Retrospective Analysis of Bladder Cancer Morphology and Depth of Invasion Under Cystoscopy
Authors: chen Hu , hong Yang , yu Bai , ruiqian Li , Jun Li , hongyi Wu , ziyong Wang , Haiyang Jiang , Chongjian Zhang , ying Bi , qilin Wang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The pathological diagnosis of bladder cancer workup relies on cystoscopy, however, due to sampling restriction, the depth of local invasion is often understaged. Methods: A total of 386 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma underwent follow-up. The data collected included age, sex, tumor size, surgical options, histologic grade, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and oncological outcomes, and the patients were divided into coral-like and crumb-like groups. These data were analyzed with the chi-square test, binary logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable logistic regression and Spearman correlation test. Results: Bladder tumor morphology was moderately correlated with invasion depth (ρ=0.492, p<0.001; Spearman correlation), which was associated with invasion status (HR = 8.27; 95% CI: 4.3–15.79, p<0.001). Tumor morphology was not an independent factor for OS but was associated with PFS. Outer invasion depth was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS. Conclusions: Tumor morphology (coral-like and crumb-like) under cystoscopy was related to the depth of invasion. The outer invasive depth of BC was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS.
Effect of the Plant Probiotic Bacteria on TIA Biosynthesis Pathway Gene Expression Profiling, Vinblastine and Vincristine Content in the Root of Catharanthus Roseus
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Keshtkar Amir Hossein , Moslemkhany Kobra , Ahmadzadeh Masoud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is the sole resource of vinblastine and vincristine, which are two of the biggest concerns of TIAs because of their powerful anticancer activities. Increasing the concentration of these alkaloids in various organs of the plant is one of the important goals in C. roseus breeding programs. Plant probiotic bacteria (PBB) act as biotic elicitors and can induce the synthesis of secondary products in plants. The purpose of this research is to study the individual and combined effects of P. fluorescens and A. brasilense on expression of the TIA biosynthetic pathway genes (G10H, DAT, T16H and CrPRX) using qRT-PCR and the content of vinblastine and vincristine alkaloids using HPLC method in roots of C. roseus. P. fluorescens drastically increased the content of vinblastine and vincristine alkaloids, compared to the control in the roots, up to 174 and 589 (µg/g), respectively. According to the molecular analysis, bacterium significantly increased the expression of more genes in the TIA biosynthetic pathway compared to the control. P. fluorescens increased the expression of the final gene of the biosynthetic pathway (CrPRX) 47.9 times compared to the control. Therefore, the findings indicate the coordination of transcriptional and metabolic outcomes. The same result was also observed for A. brasilense. According to the results, it can be concluded that, the seed priming and root of the seedling treatments of probiotic bacteria can be used as a good tool in the enhancement of alkaloid contents in medicinal plants, as it provides an eco-friendly approach.
Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy in the Treatment of Adolescent Lumbar Disc Herniations With Posterior Ring Apophysis Separation
Authors: zheng changkun , Liao Zhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficacy of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy in the treatment of adolescent lumbar disc herniations with posterior ring apophysis separation Methods: Overall 23 cases of adolescent lumbar disc herniations with posterior ring apophysis separation were treated with the procedure of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy between January 2016 and December 2019. Preoperative and postoperative (6 week, 6 month and 12 month) clinical outcome data (back and leg VAS and Macnab criteria) were collected along with clinical assessments of motor strength (graded 0-5).Results All patients were discharged to home on the same day of surgery. The average leg Visual Analog Scale improved from 8.7 ± 1.5 to 2.0± 0.5 (p < 0.005). Fifteen patients had excellent outcomes, six had good outcomes, two had fair outcomes, and no had poor outcomes, according to the Macnab criteria. Ten of eleven patients had excellent or good outcomes, for an overall success rate of 91.3%. No patients required reoperation. There were no incidental durotomies, infections, vascular or visceral injuries. There was 1 complication, a case of leg numbness caused by ganglion injury. The numbness improved after 3 weeks. After 2 months, it was obvious that the total area of numbness in the legs had become smaller. At last follow-up, the patient had no pain, and only a few areas with numbness remained and did not affect the patient’s activities of daily living. Conclusion:Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy achieve satisfactory results for adolescent lumbar disc herniations with posterior ring apophysis separation.
Projecting The Impact of Human Activities And Climate Change On Water Resources In The Transboundary Sre Pok River Basin
Authors: Pradhan Pragya , Pham Trang Thi Huyen , Shrestha Sangam , Ho Loc , Park Edward 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to project the compound impacts of climate change and human activities, including agriculture expansion and hydropower generation, on the future water availability in the Sre Pok River Basin. The five regional climate models (RCMs): ACESS, REMO2009, MPI, NorESM, CNRM were selected for the future climate projection under two scenarios i.e., RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Our results reveal that the future annual rainfall is expected to decrease by 200 mm whereas the average temperature is expected to increase by 0.69°C to 4.16°C under future scenarios. The future water availability of Sre Pok River Basin was projected using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Next, the CROPWAT model was used to examine the irrigation water requirement and the HEC-ResSim model to simulate the hydropower generation of Buon Tuar Sarh reservoir. The future simulation indicates the decrease in future water availability, increasing demand for irrigation water and decreases in hydropower generation for the future periods. The irrigated areas are increases from 700 ha to 1500 ha as per the provincial development plan. This study also examines the present and future drought conditions of Sre Pok River via streamflow drought index (SDI). Our results expect to contribute toward supporting the planning and management of water resources for agriculture and to efficiently cope with drought conditions in the studied basin and beyond.
Impacts of Obesity On Absenteeism and Indirect Costs Among Working Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis From The EpiDoc Study
Authors: Destri Kelli , Alves Joana , Gregório Maria João , Dias Sara Simões , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Obesity leads to poor health outcomes and may adversely affect work productivity. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between obesity and absenteeism and to assess its indirect costs.
Methods

The study population included individuals actively working at baseline from the Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Cohort (EpiDoC), a large Portuguese population-based prospective study. Body mass index was measured at baseline and in two follow-up interviews. Absenteeism in each wave of the EpiDoC was assessed by the question “Did you have a sick leave in the previous 12 months? yes/no”, followed by “How many days did you miss work due to sickness in the previous twelve months?”. Association between obesity and absenteeism was estimated with the negative binomial regression model, and indirect costs were computed by the human-capital approach.
Results

The EpiDoC included 4338 working adults at baseline. Prevalence of obesity among these individuals was 15.2% at baseline, and rate of absenteeism was 22.7%. Obesity was associated with a 31% increase in absenteeism incidence rate ratio (P < 0.01), with obese individuals missing 3.8 more days per year than those with normal weight (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.1–4.5). This number is higher in women (4.6 days per year; 95%CI: 3.6–5.6), and obese women with white collar professions were 82% (P < 0.01) more likely to miss work. Extrapolating to the entire working population, absenteeism due to obesity incurred an additional cost of €236 million per year.
Conclusion

Obesity is an independent risk factor for absenteeism among working adults, leading to high economic costs. These findings suggest improved food and nutrition policies are needed to control the obesity epidemic and reduce the associated economic burden.
Photoinactivation Efficiency of Cationic Porphyrin Derivatives Against Multidrug-Resistant Wound Pathogens
Authors: AKBIYIK Ayşe , TAŞLI Hüseyin , TOPALOĞLU Nermin , ALPTÜZÜN Vildan , PARLAR Sülünay , KAYA Selçuk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The photoinactivation efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with cationic porphyrin derivatives (CPDs) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strain was assessed.
MDR bacterial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used. The CPDs named PM, PE, PN, and PL were synthesized as a photosensitizer (PS). A diode laser with a wavelength of 655 nm was used as a light source. Photoinactivation efficiency of the combinations formed with different energy density (50, 100, and 150 J/cm²) and PS concentrations (ranging from 3.125 µM and 600 µM) on each bacterial strain were evaluated. Toxicity of the aPDT combinations that showed a strong photoinactivation on the bacterial strains and dark toxicity of PSs and were evaluated on fibroblasts cells. In the aPDT experiments, survival reductions of up to 5.80 log₁₀ on E. coli, 5.90 log₁₀ on P. aeruginosa, 6.11 log₁₀ on K. pneumoniae and 6.78 log₁₀ on A. baumannii were obtained. There was an increase in the photoinactivation efficiency in parallel with increasing the energy density, and the best effect seen at an energy density of 150 J/cm2. PL did not show any toxic effect on fibroblasts. However, other PSs were toxic in fibroblasts at high concentrations. In this research, which reflected the results of in vitro experiments, aPDT provided potent photoinactivation against MDR clinical isolates. The research results lead to an in vivo wound model study of aPDT with CPD infected with an MDR clinical isolate.
Automated Fist Assembly Line Design
Authors: Xiao Zhang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In many industries, assembly lines are automated to reduce production cost. Utilizing industrial robots which are superior to humans in repetitive and dangerous operations. This paper presents an automated and flexible FIST assembly line concept which consists of layout of plant, timing and options for each action. ‘L’ shaped connected stations states in which sequence the closure products are being assembled. It is through line balancing that optimal number of stations, cycle time and efficiencies are approved. Besides, financial analysis, to which ROI, TBO and TCO are critically correlated, are elaborated accordingly as well.
Environmental Regulation, Foreign Direct Investment and China's High-Quality Economic Development
Authors: Wu He , Yang Huachao , Liang Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As China's economy shifts from a rapid development stage to a high-quality development stage, it is important to know how different FDI characteristics affect high-quality economic development. Furthermore, under the constraints of environmental regulations, will these impacts change? The dual-fixed spatial Durbin model and panel data of 30 provinces in inland China from 2005 to 2018 were used for analysis. This study finds that (1) under the constraints of environmental regulations, the scale of FDI, export orientation, and technology spillover capacity have a significant positive impact on China's high-quality economic development, but without the constraints of environmental regulations, only the technological spillover capability of FDI has such a significant positive impact. (2) FDI with strong technology spillover capabilities not only promotes local development but also plays a significant role in promoting high-quality economic development in surrounding areas through spillover effects. (3) Compared with secondary industry, tertiary industry plays a stronger role in promoting the high-quality development of China's economy. (4) The areas with high quality economic development are concentrated in the eastern coastal cities. The outdated economic and scientific research and technology in the central and western regions means that they lack the ability to learn advanced technologies from FDI.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in Pregnant Women: Occurrences, Predictors, and Association with Maternal Hormones
Authors: Wu Wei , Ma Zhili , Yang Fang , Wu Ping , Zhang De-xin , Zeng Rong , Sun Dan-ling , Cao Liu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phthalate have been detected in human urine and may cause endocrine disruption. However, research on the prediction of exposure and the association with thyroid hormones during gestation is limited. We recruited 463 pregnant women and collected urine and blood samples, and questionnaire data at initial maternity examination. We analyzed ten phthalate metabolites: mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), as well as metabolite of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models and liner mixed models were used to predict urinary biomarker concentrations and assessed associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid hormones. We observed negative associations between phthalate metabolites and old age (MMP, MnBP), and physical activity (MiBP, MOP). Positive associations with lower education (MEP, MOP), living near the road (MEP, MnBP, ∑DEHP), living space (MiBP, MnBP, ∑DEHP), consuming more puffed food (MEP, MBzP), and take-out food (MEP, MnBP,∑DEHP). MnBP (percent change [%△] = 4.25; 95% CI = 0.32, 8.18) and ∑DEHP (%△=5.12; 95% CI = 1.25, 8.99) were positively associated with thyroid stimulating hormone, and this suggested MEP and MnBP were inversely associated with free thyroxine (%△=-1.26; 95% CI=-2.34, -0.18) and total triiodothyronin (%△=-2.62; 95% CI=-3.17, -2.07). Our findings suggest that lower consumption of puffed food, cosmetics use and moderate physical activity were predictive of lower phthalate biomarker concentration. Certain phthalate esters are associated with altered thyroid hormone levels.
Diverse Upregulated Transcripts During Conidiation of the Aphid-Obligate Fungal Pathogen Conidiobolus Obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina)
Authors: Zhang Lvhao , Wang Xiaojun , Yu Wangyin , Yang Tian , Zhou Xiang , Zhou Xudong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Filamentous fungi in the order Entomophthorales are the main natural regulators of insect populations. Conidiation is crucial for entomopathogenic fungi to explore host resources due to the multifunction of conidia such as growth, infection, and stress resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the conidial functions in Entomophthorales is unknown. This study analyzed the differentially expressed transcriptomic patterns in three conidiation stages (pre-conidiation, emerging conidiation, and post-conidiation, respectively) of the aphid-obligate pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina). The emerging conidiation stage vs. pre- or post- conidiation stage had 3,091 and 3,235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, wherein 2,915 upregulated DEGs were putatively related to the conidial functions. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that 772 hub genes in conidiation, which were related to cuticular component degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosomal biogenesis, cell wall/membrane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and other metabolic processes. This implied that the conidia of Entomophthorales have abundant transcripts with various functions to favor a quick response to the surrounding environment and effectively explore the host resources.
Oral and Skin Lesions Among Yemeni Khat Abusers While Chewing and After Quitting：Crosse-Sectional Survey
Authors: Albarmaqi Rowida A. , Kuang Yi-Qun , Li Yu-Ye , Gholais Noha Saleh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Khat chewing is a routine practice in Yemen. Associations between Khat chewing and various adverse oral-dental health conditions have been recorded, however, adverse skin health evidence is still lacking. Objective: To investigate the difference between oral and skin symptoms and signs while chewing Khat and after quitting chewing among Yemeni khat abusers. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 300 Yemeni Khat ex-chewer participants in china. Khat chewing status data, a range of oral and skin symptoms and signs, and other pertinent variables were collected using self-administered questionnaires by WeChat. The mean differences between oral and skin symptoms and signs while chewing Khat and after quitting chewing were investigated using the Paired Samples t-test. Result: Of the 300 Yemeni who participated in the study, 255(85%) were men and 45(15%) were women. The oral symptoms and signs mean while chewing was 0.26, 0.022 (standard deviation [SD], whereas that after quitting chewing Khat was 0.10 (mean), 0.269 (standard deviation [SD], t (12.00), P=0.00. The skin symptoms and signs mean while chewing was 0.13, 0.28 (standard deviation [SD], whereas that after quitting chewing Khat was M=0.06, 0.21(standard deviation [SD], t (9.407), P=0.00. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference between the mean oral and skin symptoms and signs while chewing and after quitting, whereas long-term Khat chewing negatively affects oral and skin health.
Travelling Wave and Turing Patterns in Subdiffusive Autocatalytic Systems
Authors: Kumar Uttam , Subramanian Pushpavanam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we analyse autocatalytic reactions in complex and disordered media which are governed by subdiffusion. The mean square displacement of molecules here scale as tγ where 0<γ<1. These systems are governed by fractional partial differential equations. Two systems are analysed i) in the first a logistic growth expression is used to represent the growth kinetics of bacteria. Here the system dynamics is governed by a single variable. ii) the second system is a two variable cubic autocatalytic system in a porous media. Here each reactant is involved in the autocatalytic generation of the other. These systems have multiple steady states. They exhibit traveling waves moving from an unstable steady state to a stable steady state. The minimum wave velocity has been obtained from phase plane analysis analytically for the first system. In addition, the two variable system also shows Turing patterns in selected regions of parameter space. The stability boundary for Turing patterns for subdiffusive system is found to be the same as that for regular diffusive systems obtained by Seshai et al. [1]. System behaviour as predicted by the stability analysis is verified using a robust implicit numerical method based on L1 scheme.