bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
175Bleeding and cardiovascular risk of New Oral Anti-Coagulants (NOACs) versus warfarin in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yu Dahai , Brown Julian , Simmons David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (vs warfarin) in the general population are associated with 34% less major bleeding events. We compared the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events between NOACs and warfarin in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods
Incident NOAC users (cases) and matched controls (incident warfarin users) with T2DM were identified from within 40 UK general practice records (1/4/2017-31/3/2018). Coarsened Exact Matching restricted the comparison to areas of sufficient overlap in characteristics (i-iv) and missingness. Entropy Balancing sequentially balanced NOAC and warfarin users on their distribution of (i) age, sex, general practice, first anticoagulant prescription year, diabetes duration, (ii) body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HbA1c, (iii) bleeding/CVD history, (iv) treatment (Antiplatelet, Corticosteroids, statins, anti-hypertensives, anti-diabetes treatment number). Continuous covariates were balanced for mean, variance, and skewness. Pre-processing/balancing occurred without reference to outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression modelling estimated bleeding and CVD relative risks (RRs: incident non-elective hospitalisation within 12 months since first anticoagulant prescription), identified from linked hospitalisation data (Secondary Uses Service dataset), using entropy balancing weights from steps i-iv.

Results
The twelve month RRs of bleeding with NOAC (n = 967) vs matched/balanced warfarin (n = 911) were 0.94(0.62-1.45), 0.95(0.62-1.46), 0.98(0.65-1.48) and 0.98(0.67-1.43) through steps i-iv. CVD RR was increased with NOAC treatment through steps i-iv: 1.15(1.00-1.31), 1.22(1.06-1.39), 1.34(1.13-1.60) and 1.43(1.20-1.70).

Conclusion
Among T2DM patients, risk of bleeding among NOAC and warfarin incident users was similar. However, NOAC use significantly increased the risk of CVD events. Further external replication studies are warranted.
1487Biopolitics and Epidemiology during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zagozdzon Pawel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
During pandemic the social life has been transformed by new regimes of social distancing, face masks, and altered online education. The aim of this presentation is to review the recent philosophical concepts of biopolitics that bring an additional perspective to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings
The most important critical response was brought from the philosopher and cultural theorist Giorgio Agamben who in the book entitled “Where are we now? Epidemic as politics” evoked again, known from his previous writings, the figure of bare life. The epidemic restrictions have shown, that humanity no longer believes in anything but bare existence, to be preserved as such at any cost. There were no reliable risk-benefit analysis that took into account all other aspects of human condition except statistical data on positive test results or “asymptomatic illness”. The concepts of another Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito became more than relevant during pandemic. In his book entitled “Immmunitas: the Protection and Negation of Life” he assumes that the more we feel at risk of being infiltrated and infected by foreign elements, the more the life of the individual and society closes off within its protective boundaries, reminding us of the situations during lockdowns.

Conclusions/Implications
According to biopolitical interpretation of epidemic, the risk of infection can be considered as a “pretext” for ramping up political control on citizens.

Key messages
Epidemiologists should be aware what are the consequences of the decisions they recommended for governments when the social relations and the power structure are affected.
1300Associations between self-reported or measured anthropometric variables and cardiometabolic biomarkers in a Danish cohort
Authors: Zhang Jie , Olsen Anja , Halkjær Jytte , Petersen Kristina Elin Nielsen , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
It is easy and cost-effective to ask study participants to self-report height and weight and self-reported anthropometry is therefore widely used in epidemiological studies. However, it is questioned to what degree self-reported adiposity indices are a solid proxy of measured indices in terms of estimates of health outcomes. The current study aimed to quantify the agreement between self-reported and measured anthropometrics, including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), weight circumference (WC), and weight-to-height ratio (WHtR) in a contemporary cohort of adults, and to assess whether anthropometric indices misreporting yielded inaccurate estimates of associations with cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Methods
Self-reported and measured anthropometric variables were obtained from the Diet, Cancer, and Health-Next Generation Cohort (n = 39,514). Pearson correlations and Lin’s concordance correlations evaluated the correlation between self-report and measured anthropometrics. Misreporting in relation to age, sex and smoking status was investigated. Multivariable regression models and ROC analyses were used to assess the associations of cardiometabolic biomarkers with self-reported and measured general obesity and abdominal obesity.

Results
Self-reported height was overreported by 1.07 cm, weight was underreported by 0.32 kg on average, which led to self-reported BMI 0.42 kg/m2 lower than measured. Self-reported and measured height, weight, BMI, WC and WHtR were highly correlated (r = 0.98, 0.99, 0.98, 0.88, 0.86, respectively). Associations between self-reported indices and cardiometabolic biomarkers were comparable to associations assessed with measured anthropometrics.

Conclusions
The self-reported anthropometric indices were reliable when estimating associations with metabolic biomarkers.

Key messages
This study found overall agreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric variables.
1388Risk factors for chronic cough in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Perret Jennifer , Chang Anne , Idrose Nur , Bui Dinh , Lowe Adrian , Abramson Michael , Haydn Walters E. , Lodge Caroline , Dharmage Shyamali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite the challenges of diagnosing and managing adult patients with chronic cough, a systematic synthesis of evidence on aetiological risk factor is lacking.

Methods
We systematically searched PUBMED and EMBASE to synthesize the current evidence for longitudinal associations between various risk factors and chronic cough in the general adult population, following the meta-analysis of observation studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was conducted where appropriate.

Results
Of 26 eligible articles, 16 domains of risk factors were assessed. There was consistent evidence that asthma (pooled adjusted OR (aOR) = 3.01; 95%CI: 2.33-3.70; I2=0%, number of articles (N)=3) and low education levels/socioeconomic status (SES) (pooled aOR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.20-1.72; I2=0%; N = 3) were associated with an increased risk of chronic cough after adjusting for smoking and other confounders. While continuous smoking was associated chronic cough (aOR =1.81; 95%CI: 1.36,2.26; I2=57%; N = 3), there was too little evidence to draw conclusions for occupational exposures, outdoor air pollution, early-life exposures, diet, snoring and other chronic conditions.

Conclusions
Asthma, persistent smoking and lower education/SES were associated with increased risk of chronic cough. Longitudinal associations between other factors frequently mentioned empirically need further investigation.

Key messages
Our systematic review found asthma, smoking and lower education to be associated with adult chronic cough. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand other potential risk factors for adult chronic cough.
1505Cost-effectiveness of guideline-based care for diabetes-related foot ulcers: using discrete event simulation in economic evaluation
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Carter Hannah , Lazzarini Peter , Cramb Susanna , Pacella Rosana , Netten Jaap van , Cheng Qinglu , Derhy Patrick , Kinnear Ewan , McPhail Steven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Implementation of guideline-based care for diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) in clinical practice is typically sub-optimal. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implementing different incremental increases in guideline-based care scenarios, compared with current practice, using discrete event simulation models.

Methods
The costs and effectiveness of current practice (identified as 30% receiving guideline-based care, remainder (70%) non-guideline-based care) were compared with seven hypothetical scenarios of implementing incremental increases in guideline-based care (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) and evaluated using discrete event simulation models, including important events of disease history and parameterised by a large DFU cohort. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each scenario was calculated and compared to willingness-to-pay of AUD28,000 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Probability sensitivity analysis was conducted to incorporate parameter uncertainty by 2,000 random simulations.

Results
Under a three-year time-horizon, the seven scenarios (40%-100% guideline-based care) were estimated to incrementally save $901-$1843 (AUD 2020) and provide 0.017-0.056 more QALY per person, with all scenarios being cost-saving & more effective than current practice (30% guideline-based care). From probability sensitivity analyses we were increasingly confident (69.7%-89.8% confident) that implementing increased incremental scenarios (40%-100% guideline-based care) would be cost-effective compared with current practice (59.8%-73.4% confident).

Conclusions
All scenarios incrementally increasing guideline-based care were evaluated to be cost-saving and more effective than current practice according to this discrete event simulation modelling based on a large real-world cohort.

Key messages
Our findings support the cost-effectiveness of implementing any incremental increase in guideline-based care compared to current practice.
1390Utilisation of hospital Services during COVID 19 Pandemic in New Zealand
Authors: Zhang Zhi-ling (jim) , Jones Peter G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Many factors have impacted the use of hospital services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work described the volume and pattern changes of emergency department (ED) and inpatient admissions during earlier pandemic period in New Zealand in 2020.

Methods
ED and inpatient admissions during the pandemic period were compared with the figures and characteristics in the same time period in the previous years

Results
Over the period, ED and inpatient admissions decreased by 25 and 20 percent respectively. Remarkable declines of 41% in ED and 40% in inpatient were observed during the alert level 4 lockdown period. In the ED admissions, the degree of the decline was higher in less urgent presentations (triage levels 4 and 5), young patients (aged 0-24 years) and the patients without long term conditions. In the inpatient admissions, the degree of the decline was higher in the patients with lower level of inpatient clinical complexity, young patients and the admissions of respiratory diseases (especially influenza), viral infections, and injuries due to traffic and sport accident. In contrast, some hospitalisations increased during the period, including alcohol-related ED presentations, bacterial infections and injuries related to falls and assault occurred in home.

Conclusions
The changes in hospitalisation utilisation are likely associated with the changes in people’s behaviour in seeking health services, in behaviours of health risk or protective factors, and the changes in healthcare provided to the population during the period.

Key messages
The results provide insights for further assessment of health needs and health services.
Mining long-COVID symptoms from Reddit: characterizing post-COVID syndrome from patient reports
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Ge Yao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our objective was to mine Reddit to discover long-COVID symptoms self-reported by users, compare symptom distributions across studies, and create a symptom lexicon. We retrieved posts from the /r/covidlonghaulers subreddit and extracted symptoms via approximate matching using an expanded meta-lexicon. We mapped the extracted symptoms to standard concept IDs, compared their distributions with those reported in recent literature and analyzed their distributions over time. From 42 995 posts by 4249 users, we identified 1744 users who expressed at least 1 symptom. The most frequently reported long-COVID symptoms were mental health-related symptoms (55.2%), fatigue (51.2%), general ache/pain (48.4%), brain fog/confusion (32.8%), and dyspnea (28.9%) among users reporting at least 1 symptom. Comparison with recent literature revealed a large variance in reported symptoms across studies. Temporal analysis showed several persistent symptoms up to 15 months after infection. The spectrum of symptoms identified from Reddit may provide early insights about long-COVID.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis on jejunal integrity, redox status, and microbial composition of intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets
Authors: Yun Yang , Ji Shuli , Yu Ge , Jia Peilu , Niu Yu , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xin , Wang Tian , Zhang Lili 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study used intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets as an animal model to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis on intestinal integrity, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota in the jejunum of suckling piglets. In total, 8 normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets (1.62 ± 0.10 kg) and 16 newborn IUGR piglets (0.90 ± 0.08 kg) were selected and assigned to three groups. Piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL sterile saline (NBW and IUGR groups), and IUGR piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL/d bacterial fluid (B. subtilis diluted in sterile saline, gavage in the dose of 2 × 109 colony-forming units per kg of body weight; IBS group; n = 8). IUGR induced jejunal barrier dysfunction and redox status imbalance of piglets, and changed the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis increased (P &lt; 0.05) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) in the jejunum, decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) the gene expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl (PC) and increased (P &lt; 0.05) the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also increased (P &lt; 0.05) gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), as well as the protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), SOD1, and Nrf2 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also improved the abundances and the community structure of bacteria in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. These results suggested that IUGR damaged the jejunal barrier function and antioxidant capacity of suckling piglets, and altered the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis improved the intestinal integrity and antioxidant capacity while also improved the abundances and structure of bacteria in the jejunum of suckling piglets.
Discovery of a young pre-intermediate polar
Authors: Wilson David J , Toloza Odette , Landstreet John D , Gänsicke Boris T , Drake Jeremy J , Hermes J J , Koester Detlev 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a magnetic field on the white dwarf component in the detached post-common envelope binary (PCEB) CC Cet. Magnetic white dwarfs in detached PCEBs are extremely rare, in contrast to the high incidence of magnetism in single white dwarfs and cataclysmic variables. We find Zeeman-split absorption lines in both ultraviolet Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectra and archival optical spectra of CC Cet. Model fits to the lines return a mean magnetic field strength of 〈|B|〉 ≈ 600–700 kG. Differences in the best-fitting magnetic field strength between two separate HST observations and the high $v\, \sin \, i$ of the lines indicate that the white dwarf is rotating with a period ∼0.5 h, and that the magnetic field is not axisymmetric about the spin axis. The magnetic field strength and rotation period are consistent with those observed among the intermediate polar class of cataclysmic variable, and we compute stellar evolution models that predict CC Cet will evolve into an intermediate polar in 7–17 Gyr. Among the small number of known PCEBs containing a confirmed magnetic white dwarf, CC Cet is the hottest (and thus youngest), with the weakest field strength, and cannot have formed via the recently proposed crystallization/spin-up scenario. In addition to the magnetic field measurements, we update the atmospheric parameters of the CC Cet white dwarf via model spectra fits to the HST data and provide a refined orbital period and ephemeris from TESS photometry.
Flow directions of low-energy ions in and around the diamagnetic cavity of comet 67P
Authors: Bergman Sofia , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella , Wieser Martin , Nilsson Hans , Vigren Erik , Beth Arnaud , Masunaga Kei , Eriksson Anders 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The flow direction of low-energy ions around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko has previously been difficult to constrain due to the influence of the spacecraft potential. The Ion Composition Analyzer of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC-ICA) on Rosetta measured the distribution function of positive ions with energies down to just a few eV/q throughout the escort phase of the mission. Unfortunately, the substantial negative spacecraft potential distorted the directional information of the low-energy data. In this work, we present the flow directions of low-energy ions around comet 67P, corrected for the spacecraft potential using Particle-In-Cell simulation results. We focus on the region in and around the diamagnetic cavity, where low-energy ions are especially important for the dynamics. We separate between slightly accelerated ‘burst’ features and a more constant ‘band’ of low-energy ions visible in the data. The ‘bursts’ are flowing radially outwards from the nucleus with an antisunward component while the ‘band’ is predominantly streaming back towards the comet. This provides evidence of counter-streaming ions, which has implications for the overall expansion velocity of the ions. The backstreaming ions are present also at times when the diamagnetic cavity was not detected, indicating that the process accelerating the ions back towards the comet is not connected to the cavity boundary.
Detailed elemental abundances of binary stars: searching for signatures of planet formation and atomic diffusion
Authors: Liu (刘凡) Fan , Bitsch Bertram , Asplund Martin , Liu (刘倍贝) Bei-Bei , Murphy Michael T , Yong David , Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Feltzing Sofia 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Binary star systems are assumed to be co-natal and coeval, and thus to have identical chemical composition. In this work, we aim to test the hypothesis that there is a connection between observed element abundance patterns and the formation of planets using binary stars. Moreover, we also want to test how atomic diffusion might influence the observed abundance patterns. We conduct a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of seven binary systems. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances are obtained with extremely high precision (&lt;3.5 per cent) using the high-quality spectra from Very Large Telescope/ultraviolet–visual Echelle spectrograph and Keck/high-resolution Echelle spectrometer. We find that four of seven binary systems show subtle abundance differences (0.01–0.03 dex) without clear correlations with the condensation temperature, including two planet-hosting pairs. The other three binary systems exhibit similar degree of abundance differences correlating with the condensation temperature. We do not find any clear relation between the abundance differences and the occurrence of known planets in our systems. Instead, the overall abundance offsets observed in the binary systems (four of seven) could be due to the effects of atomic diffusion. Although giant planet formation does not necessarily imprint chemical signatures on to the host star, the differences in the observed abundance trends with condensation temperature, on the other hand, are likely associated with diverse histories of planet formation (e.g. formation location). Furthermore, we find a weak correlation between abundance differences and binary separation, which may provide a new constraint on the formation of binary systems.
Winds aloft over three water bodies influence spring stopover distributions of migrating birds along the Gulf of Mexico coast
Authors: Clipp Hannah L , Buler Jeffrey J , Smolinsky Jaclyn A , Horton Kyle G , Farnsworth Andrew , Cohen Emily B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Migrating birds contend with dynamic wind conditions that ultimately influence most aspects of their migration, from broad-scale movements to individual decisions about where to rest and refuel. We used weather surveillance radar data to measure spring stopover distributions of northward migrating birds along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast and found a strong influence of winds over nonadjacent water bodies, the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, along with the contiguous Gulf of Mexico. Specifically, we quantified the relative influence of meridional (north–south) and zonal (west–east) wind components over the 3 water bodies on weekly spring stopover densities along western, central, and eastern regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Winds over the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean were just as, or more, influential than winds over the Gulf of Mexico, with the highest stopover densities in the central and eastern regions of the coast following the fastest winds from the east over the Caribbean Sea. In contrast, stopover density along the western region of the coast was most influenced by winds over the Gulf of Mexico, with the highest densities following winds from the south. Our results elucidate the important role of wind conditions over multiple water bodies on region-wide stopover distributions and complement tracking data showing Nearctic–Neotropical birds flying nonstop from South America to the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Smaller-bodied birds may be particularly sensitive to prevailing wind conditions during nonstop flights over water, with probable orientation and energetic consequences that shape subsequent terrestrial stopover distributions. In the future, the changing climate is likely to alter wind conditions associated with migration, so birds that employ nonstop over-water flight strategies may face growing challenges.