bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual climate variability mediates changes in carbon and nitrogen pools caused by annual grass invasion in a semiarid shrubland
Authors: Mahood Adam L. , Jones Rachel O. , Board David I. , Balch Jennifer K. , Chambers Jeanne C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExotic plant invasions alter ecosystem properties and threaten ecosystem functions globally. Interannual climate variability (ICV) influences both plant community composition (PCC) and soil properties, and interactions between ICV and PCC may influence nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools. We asked how ICV and non‐native annual grass invasion covary to influence soil and plant N and C in a semiarid shrubland undergoing widespread ecosystem transformation due to invasions and altered fire regimes. We sampled four progressive stages of annual grass invasion at 20 sites across a large (25,000 km2) landscape for plant community composition, plant tissue N and C, and soil total N and C in 2013 and 2016, which followed 2 years of dry and wet conditions, respectively. Multivariate analyses and ANOVAs showed that in invasion stages where native shrub and perennial grass and forb communities were replaced by annual grass‐dominated communities, the ecosystem lost more soil N and C in wet years. Path analysis showed that high water availability led to higher herbaceous cover in all invasion stages. In stages with native shrubs and perennial grasses, higher perennial grass cover was associated with increased soil C and N, while in annual‐dominated stages, higher annual grass cover was associated with losses of soil C and N. Also, soil total C and C:N ratios were more homogeneous in annual‐dominated invasion stages as indicated by within‐site standard deviations. Loss of native shrubs and perennial grasses and forbs coupled with annual grass invasion may lead to long‐term declines in soil N and C and hamper restoration efforts. Restoration strategies that use innovative techniques and novel species to address increasing temperatures and ICV and emphasize maintaining plant community structure—shrubs, grasses, and forbs—will allow sagebrush ecosystems to maintain C sequestration, soil fertility, and soil heterogeneity.
Positional embodiment: How networks shape the lived experiences of the bodies of female sex workers in post‐socialist China
Authors: Yu Yeon Jung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper accounts for the influence of social networks on female sex workers (FSWs) (xiaojie) in post‐socialist China, as they interpret cultural values and meaning, create and revise strategies for survival and success, and embody their lived experiences. Drawing upon recent feminist ethnography on sex work and embodiment, I describe the network processes that draw these women into sex work and contribute to both their achievements and challenges as a form of “positional embodiment.” The concept of “positional embodiment” highlights the role of social networks in creating and maintaining a particular inscribed and agentic sex worker body. In identifying this meso‐level process, I delineate the culturally specific and structurally framed ways in which social networks position the women to make daily choices within structural constraints, choices that ultimately lead to the patterned embodiment of their daily experiences. Even as these savvy entrepreneurs tend to exceed gendered moral obligations to family and actively immerse themselves as trendy modern women in contemporary urban lifestyles, they also struggle with the emotional and physical suffering of working within the sex industry. In this sense, their bodies become fields where various challenges and achievements are negotiated, contested, and embodied. This paper intends to contribute to our understanding of intimate labor by developing the concept of “positional embodiment” from the lens of social networks of FSWs.
Lessons from the field: The role of agility in a coproduction project encompassing the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pritchard Rebecca , Bhavsar Sonal , Campbell‐Morris Pamela , Modi Prafulla , Nugent Marie , Hughes Jason 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimWe reflect on our experiences of coproducing a redesigned, COVID‐safe priority‐setting activity at a time of shifting priorities and upheaval to gain insight into good practice.MethodThe project team documented the experience of adapting to COVID‐19 through the reflective project evaluation. We reflect on how COVID disrupted coproduction through radically shifting personal and professional priorities and the implications for good practice.ResultsOur experiences highlighted the role of agility, management capacity, social capital and power in coproduction.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 disrupted and enabled coproduction, compounding tensions and serving as the basis to transcend them. The pandemic created new demands on institutions that initially prompted withdrawal to established power, and team members which redefined them in relation to each other. Shifting priorities and demands forced team members into new, and out of former, roles coming into conflict with enduring power dynamics articulating constructs of expertise and authority in the institutional structure. We consider how the tensions found expression: as governance and human resource concerns, problems with authorizing payments, challenges in institutionally accommodating community researchers and the exclusion of some from participation.
Periapical lesions in two inbred strains of rats differing in immunological reactivity
Authors: Zivanovic Suzana , Papic Milos , Vucicevic Tamara , Miletic Kovacevic Marina , Jovicic Nemanja , Nikolic Nadja , Milasin Jelena , Paunovic Verica , Trajkovic Vladimir , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Lukic Miodrag L , Lukic Aleksandra , Ljujic Biljana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of strain differences in immune responses on the pathogenesis of experimental periapical lesions in Dark Agouti (DA) and Albino Oxford (AO) inbred strains of rats.MethodologyPeriapical lesions were induced in male DA and AO rats by pulp exposure of the first mandibular right molars to the oral environment. Animals were killed 21 days after pulp exposure. The mandibular jaws were retrieved and prepared for radiographic, pathohistological, immunohistochemical analysis, real‐time PCR and flow cytometry. Blood samples and the supernatant of periapical lesions were collected for measurement of cytokines and oxidative stress marker levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U non‐parametric tests or parametric One‐Way anova and Independent Samples T‐test to determine the differences between groups depending on the normality of the data. A significant difference was considered when p values were <.05.ResultsDA rats developed significantly larger (p < .05) periapical lesions compared to AO rats as confirmed by radiographic and pathohistological analysis. The immunohistochemical staining intensity for CD3 was significantly greater in periapical lesions of DA rats compared to AO rats (p < .05). In DA rats, periapical lesions had a significantly higher (p < .05) percentage of CD3+ cells compared to AO rats. Also, the percentage of INF‐γ, IL‐17 and IL‐10 CD3+CD4+ cells was significantly higher in DA rats (p < .05). DA rats had a significantly higher Th17/Th10 ratio. RT‐PCR expression of IL‐1β, INF‐γ and IL‐17 genes was significantly higher in periapical lesions of DA compared to AO rats (p < .05). The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio was higher in DA compared to AO rats with periapical lesions (p < .05). Systemic levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were significantly higher in DA compared to AO rats (p < .05). Levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced glutathione were significantly higher (p < .05) in the supernatant in the periapical lesions of DA rats.ConclusionAfter pulp exposure, DA rats developed much larger periapical lesions compared to AO rats. Genetically determined differences in immunopathology have been demonstrated to be a significant element defining the severity of periapical lesions.
Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale for Turkish society
Authors: Cal Ayse , Acil Dilay , Bahar Zuhal , Cengiz Burcu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundProfessional practice environment is a concept comprising autonomy, teamwork and professional motivation.AimWe aimed to validate and demonstrate the reliability of the Turkish version of the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale in this study.MethodsThe study has a methodological design with a sample of 306 nurses working in university hospitals located in two different regions in Turkey. The data of the study were collected between July 2019 and January 2020 using introductory information form and the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale. In the analysis of the data, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was employed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 23.0, whereas exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were applied to test the construct validity.ResultsThe Cronbach alpha value obtained for the whole scale was 0.89, ranging between 0.68 and 0.86 for the subscales. RMSEA, SRMR, GFI and χ2/df, which account for the fit indices of the 29‐item and 6‐factor structure of the scale, were at an acceptable level.ConclusionWe concluded that the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool fit for use in Turkish environments.
Developing a framework for implementing opioid stewardship programmes in Australian hospital settings
Authors: Pattullo Champika , Suckling Benita , Donovan Peter , Hall Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is growing interest in strategies to improve patient safety with prescription opioids, collectively known as opioid stewardship (OS). This study aimed to develop a framework to facilitate the implementation of OS in the Australian acute hospital setting. Using a Modified Delphi Technique, a diverse stakeholder panel (including patient representatives and multidisciplinary healthcare professionals) was selected. A survey based on the results of a literature review was sent to the panel for appraisal. In line with standard Delphi methodology, the primary outcome for each element was reaching consensus of at least 70% of the participants on the importance of its inclusion in the framework. The survey allowed the participants to suggest new items for inclusion in subsequent rounds or rephrase existing items. Of the 29 participants who completed the survey, the majority (23/29) were regularly involved in providing direct patient care. Twenty‐six of 27 items reached the 70% threshold for agreement for importance after the first round. The remaining item not agreed on in the initial round was modified based on comments received and reached 100% agreement on importance at the second round. There was greater than 85% agreement on importance of 24 of 27 items for inclusion in a framework with 8 of 27 reaching a 100% level of agreement. We have developed a framework for OS in the Australian acute hospital settings that may be used to guide health services to prioritise and plan strategies to improve opioid use.
Impact of travel distance on outcomes for clinical trial patients: the Kinghorn Cancer Centre experience
Authors: Lim Jennifer , Akbar Ali Syafiq , Prawira Amy , Sim Hao‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGeographic isolation and travel distance to specialist care is a known social determinant of health and contributes to poorer oncology survival outcomes.AimsTo compare survival and toxicity outcomes for patients travelling long distances (>50 km) for treatment on clinical trials with local patients (<10 km and 10–50 km).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study based at the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, a comprehensive cancer care centre in metropolitan Sydney. We included adult patients with advanced solid‐organ malignancies who were enrolled on therapeutic clinical trials between July 2015 and December 2017. Outcome measures included overall survival, progression‐free survival, rates of grade 3–4 toxicity and unplanned hospital admissions for the duration of the clinical trial.ResultsWe included 173 patients, of whom 27% lived within 10 km, 29% lived between 10 and 50 km and 44% lived further than 50 km. We did not identify significant differences between survival or toxicity outcomes between patients travelling long distances and local patients.ConclusionsAll patients should be considered for clinical trial referral based on clinical parameters and preference, regardless of geographic proximity. In the meantime, improving access to clinical trials for rural and regional patients continues to be a priority.
Early epidemiological investigations: World Health Organization UNITY protocols provide a standardized and timely international investigation framework during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bergeri Isabel , Lewis Hannah C. , Subissi Lorenzo , Nardone Anthony , Valenciano Marta , Cheng Brianna , Glonti Ketevan , Williams Bridget , Abejirinde Ibukun‐Oluwa Omolade , Simniceanu Alice , Cassini Alessandro , Grant Rebecca , Rodriguez Angel , Vicari Andrea , Al Ariqi Lubna , Azim Tasnim , Wijesinghe Pushpa Ranjan , Rajatonirina Soatiana Cathycia , Okeibunor Joseph Chukwudi , Le Linh‐Vi , Katz Mark , Vaughan Aisling , Jorgensen Pernille , Freidl Gudrun , Pebody Richard , Van Kerkhove Maria D. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe declaration of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 required rapid implementation of early investigations to inform appropriate national and global public health actions.MethodsThe suite of existing pandemic preparedness generic epidemiological early investigation protocols was rapidly adapted for COVID‐19, branded the ‘UNITY studies’ and promoted globally for the implementation of standardized and quality studies. Ten protocols were developed investigating household (HH) transmission, the first few cases (FFX), population seroprevalence (SEROPREV), health facilities transmission (n = 2), vaccine effectiveness (n = 2), pregnancy outcomes and transmission, school transmission, and surface contamination. Implementation was supported by WHO and its partners globally, with emphasis to support building surveillance and research capacities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).ResultsWHO generic protocols were rapidly developed and published on the WHO website, 5/10 protocols within the first 3 months of the response. As of 30 June 2021, 172 investigations were implemented by 97 countries, of which 62 (64%) were LMIC. The majority of countries implemented population seroprevalence (71 countries) and first few cases/household transmission (37 countries) studies.ConclusionThe widespread adoption of UNITY protocols across all WHO regions indicates that they addressed subnational and national needs to support local public health decision‐making to prevent and control the pandemic.
Real-time detection of volatile metabolites enabling species-level discrimination of bacterial biofilms associated with wound infection
Authors: Slade Elisabeth A. , Thorn Robin M. S. , Young Amber E. , Reynolds Darren M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The main aim of this study was to investigate the real-time detection of volatile metabolites for the species-level discrimination of pathogens associated with clinically relevant wound infection, when grown in a collagen wound biofilm model.

Methods and Results
This work shows that Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes produce a multitude of volatile compounds when grown as biofilms in a collagen-based biofilm model. The real-time detection of these complex volatile profiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and the use of multivariate statistical analysis on the resulting data can be used to successfully differentiate between the pathogens studied.

Conclusions
The range of bacterial volatile compounds detected between the species studied vary and are distinct. Discrimination between bacterial species using real-time detection of volatile metabolites and multivariate statistical analysis was successfully demonstrated.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Development of rapid point-of-care diagnostics for wound infection would improve diagnosis and patient care. Such technological approaches would also facilitate the appropriate use of antimicrobials, minimizing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This study further develops the use of volatile metabolite detection as a new diagnostic approach for wound infection.
Educational interventions and strategies for spiritual care in nursing and healthcare students and staff: A scoping review
Authors: Rykkje Linda , Søvik Margrethe Bakstad , Ross Linda , McSherry Wilfred , Cone Pamela , Giske Tove 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo map existing evidence about educational interventions or strategies in nursing and allied healthcare concerning students’ and staffs’ spiritual care provision.BackgroundSpiritual care is an important part of whole person care, but healthcare staff lack competence and awareness of spiritual issues in practice. To rectify this, it is important to identify what educational approaches are most helpful in supporting them to provide spiritual care.DesignA scoping review using the PRISMA‐ScR checklist.MethodSearches in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, ATLA and ERIC were conducted for papers spanning January 2009–May 2020. Search terms were related to spirituality, spiritual care, education and clinical teaching. Appraisal tools were used.ResultsFrom the 2128 potentially relevant papers, 36 were included. The studies were from 15 different countries and involved nurses, physicians and other health‐related professions, and both quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods were used. The results are presented in three themes: Understanding of spirituality, Strategies in educational settings, and Strategies in practice settings. The review points to great diversity in the content, lengths and setting of the educational interventions or strategies.ConclusionsCourses in spiritual care should be implemented in curricula in both undergraduate and postgraduate education, and several studies suggest it should be mandatory. Courses should also be available for healthcare staff to raise awareness and to encourage the integration of spiritual care into their everyday practice. There is a need for greater consensus about how spirituality and spiritual care are described in healthcare settings.Relevance to clinical practiceSpiritual care must be included both in monodisciplinary and multidisciplinary educational settings. The main result of spiritual care courses is in building awareness of spiritual issues and self‐awareness. To ensure the provision of spiritual care for patients in healthcare practices, continuing and multidisciplinary education is recommended.
Visual inspection with acetic acid screening for cervical cancer among women receiving anti‐retroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection in northern Tanzania
Authors: Chinn Justine O. , Runge Ava S. , Dinicu Andreea I. , Chang Jenny , Maher Justine A. , Crawford Elizabeth W. , Naaseh Ariana , Cooper Emma C. , Zezoff Danielle C. , White Kayla M. , Lucas Alexa N. , Bera Kevin R. , Bernstein Megan , Hari Anjali , Ziogas Argyrios , Tewari Sujata E. , Pearre Diana C. , Tewari Krishnansu S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening for cervical cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients in an East African community.MethodsDuring a July 2018 cervical cancer screen‐and‐treat in Mwanza, Tanzania, participants were offered free cervical VIA screening, cryotherapy when indicated, and HIV testing. Acetowhite lesions and/or abnormal vascularity were designated VIA positive in accordance with current guidelines. The association between VIA results and HIV status was compared using Chi‐square and Fisher exact tests.ResultsEight hundred and twenty‐four of 921 consented participants underwent VIA screening and 25.0% (n = 206) were VIA positive. VIA‐positive nonpregnant women (n = 147) received cryotherapy and 15 (1.8%) with cancerous‐appearing lesions were referred to Bugando Hospital. Sixty‐six women were HIV‐positive and included 25 diagnosed with HIV at the cervical cancer VIA screening and 41 with a prior diagnosis of HIV who were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of cervical cancer VIA screening. Sixty‐four of these 66 patients, were screened with VIA. HIV infection was not associated with VIA findings. Abnormal VIA positive screening was observed in 20.3% (n = 13) of HIV‐positive patients and in 24.4% (n = 145) of HIV‐negative patients (p = 0.508). A nonsignificant trend of higher VIA positive screens among newly diagnosed HIV patients of 26.1% (n = 6) versus patients with preexisting HIV on ART of 17.1% (n = 7) was observed (p = 0.580).ConclusionThe unexpected lack of correlation between HIV infection and VIA positivity in a community with access to ART warrants additional research regarding the previously described role of ART in attenuating HPV‐mediated neoplasia.
Bicycle injuries presenting to the emergency department during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Shack Melissa , L Davis Adrienne , WJ Zhang Evangeline , Rosenfield Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AimSince the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the presenting complaints in paediatric emergency departments (EDs). We sought to characterise the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on bicycle‐related injuries in children presenting to a tertiary care paediatric ED.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive, cross‐sectional study of ED visits to a large urban tertiary children's hospital, comparing March to October 2020 (the study period) to the same date range 2 years prior (i.e. March to October 2018–2019). We included children 0–17.99 years presenting for a bicycle‐related injury. We compared absolute visit counts of bike injuries per month, demographics, triage acuity, injury type and disposition.ResultsA total of 1215 bike‐related visits were analysed. There were 234 presentations in 2018 (March to October), 305 in 2019, and 676 in 2020. Overall, the mean age was 9.5 years (standard deviation 5.5–13.5), there were 67% males, median Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale score was 3 (interquartile range 3–4) and the most common injuries were fractures (n = 471, 38.8%). There were significantly more bike injuries presenting to the ED per month in the COVID group, 33.7(17.9) versus 84.5(61.4) (two‐tailed P value = 0.041). There was no statistical difference in ‘severe injuries’ pre‐ versus post‐COVID (odds ratio 0.815 (95% confidence interval 0.611–1.088), P = 0.165).ConclusionThere was a significant increase in bicycle‐related injuries presenting to our ED during the pandemic, compared to previous years. Evaluating these trends will allow for the exploration of harm reduction strategies for preventing future bicycle‐related injuries.