bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Ripple Effect”: The influence of social support on participation in a small workplace health promotion program
Authors: Bell Alexandra , Barrett Norma , Lamaro Haintz Greer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssue addressedWorkplaces are key settings for health promotion. There is limited evidence pertaining to workplace health promotion [WHP] in Australian small and medium enterprises [SMEs], particularly in regional areas. This qualitative study explored employee perceptions of a pilot workplace health promotion program, LifeMAP, conducted in a small health service enterprise in regional Victoria 2014‐2017, including facilitators of participation and perceived benefits of participation.MethodTen LifeMAP participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Individual semi‐structured interviews (n = 7) and one focus group (n = 3) were conducted between August and September 2017. Data were analysed inductively and thematically to elicit emergent themes.ResultsSocial support emerged as the overarching theme influencing participation in LifeMAP, and a perceived benefit of participation. Using FitBits® and setting exercise challenges enabled social support to be fostered through role modelling, staff collegiality and community. There may be gendered differences in the experiences of role modelling in WHP.ConclusionsThis SME, and others like it, often feature high levels of employee social connectedness, with a strong workplace and community networks. Social support is a critical influence in social connectedness which needs to be considered and incorporated into the design, implementation and evaluation of WHP programs as a means of overcoming WHP recruitment and participation challenges in regional SMEs.So what?The identification of social support as a key factor for WHP participation and employee satisfaction is a valuable finding providing insight into how similar programs may be better designed and implemented to enhance WHP program recruitment and retention.
An investigation of children's empathic dispositions and behaviours across seven countries
Authors: Kozloff Violet , Cowell Jason M. , Huppert Elizabeth , Gomez‐Sicard Natalia , Lee Kang , Mahasneh Randa , Malcolm‐Smith Susan , Selcuk Bilge , Zhou Xinyue , Decety Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined individual influences on child empathy, the relationship between child and parent empathy, and the relationship between empathy and prosociality across seven countries. A large sample of children (N = 792, 49% female) from the ages of 6–10 years completed a situational empathy task, as well as a dictator game to assess prosociality. The questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy was used to assess parents' and children's empathic dispositions. Children participated from Canada, China, Colombia, Jordan, South Africa, Turkey, and the United States. Situational empathy, empathic disposition, and prosociality were all positively associated with age. Boys displayed less situational empathy and lower empathic disposition than girls. Parental empathic disposition predicted the same dispositions in children but were not related to children's situational empathy or prosociality. No association was found between child prosociality and child empathic disposition. Overall, the results suggest similar ontologies of empathic disposition and situational empathy across countries.
Transobturator tape, tension‐free vaginal tape, and transvaginal tension‐free vaginal tape‐obturator for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Huitao , Liu Jinhong , Fang Kewei , Liu Jianhe , Chen Tao , Yang Tongxin , Shi Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the safety and effectiveness of tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT), transobturator tape (TOT), and transvaginal tension‐free vaginal tape‐obturator (TVT‐O) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and CNKI were electronically searched. A total of 22 trials involving 3709 patients were included.ResultsThe objective cure rate was better with TVT than with TOT and TVT‐O. The incidence of postoperative thigh/groin pain was lower with TVT than with TOT and TVT‐O, but the incidence of dysuria was higher with TVT than with TVT‐O. The incidence of lower urinary tract infection was higher with TVT than with TOT.ConclusionTension‐free vaginal tape may have a better outcome compared to TOT and TVT‐O, but the risk of dysuria and lower urinary tract infection is higher with SUI.
Titania‐based sol–gel coatings with Ag, Ca‐P applied on titanium substrate developed for implantation
Authors: Švagrová Kristýna , Horkavcová Diana , Jablonská Eva , Helebrant Aleš 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research work is focused on the investigation of newly developed titania sol–gel coatings containing silver, calcium and phosphate with appropriate abilities to be implanted into the human body. These abilities include adhesion, bioactivity, antibacterial property and cytocompatibility of prepared coatings. Four types of coatings were applied on a titanium substrate by dip‐coating technique under different conditions (TCP1, TCP2, TCPA1 and TCPA2). Surfaces of coatings after the firing without silver featured different distribution of circular areas containing Ca. The coatings TCPA1 and TCPA2 were made up of unhomogeneously situated silver. Adhesion of the coatings to the substrates was measured by a tape test. All types of the coatings demonstrated very good adhesion. Isolated cracks that appeared during the firing did not have a negative influence on the adhesion properties. Bioactivity of the coatings was tested in vitro using a simulated body fluid. Three of the four types demonstrated bioactive properties (TCP1, TCP2 and TCPA2), that is, precipitation of crystalline hydroxyapatite as was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The antibacterial effect (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and cytotoxicity (toward L929 and U‐2 OS cell lines, direct and indirect test) were then tested. All the coatings demonstrated very good antibacterial effect against both bacteria after 4‐ and 24‐hr interaction. All the coating types were evaluated as cytocompatible in the indirect test. Cells were able to grow even directly on the coatings.
Paradoxical association between lipoprotein cholesterol levels and left atrial function in hypertensive diabetic patients: A speckle tracking study
Authors: Kalaycıoğlu Ezgi , Çetin Mustafa , Kırış Tuncay , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that subclinical left atrial (LA) dysfunction can be diagnosed with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE). Although low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, recent studies have reported a paradoxical relationship between LDL‐C level and atrial fibrillation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between LDL‐C levels and LA function.MethodsIn 168 patients with the diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes, transthoracic echocardiography with LA 2D‐STE was performed. The patients were then divided into two groups: normal LA‐strain (n = 94) or impaired LA‐strain (n = 74). The relationship between LDL‐C and LA function was analyzed.ResultsPatients with impaired LA‐strain had higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.029), higher statin usage (p = 0.003), and lower LDL‐C levels (p = 0.001) than patients with normal LA‐strain. They also had lower left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.047) and higher E‐wave velocity (mitral e, m/s) (p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower LDL‐C (p = 0.034), higher BMI (p = 0.004), lower LVEF (p = 0.004), and higher E‐wave velocity (p = 0.003) values were independently associated with impaired LA‐strain. The area under the receiver operating curve of LDL‐C in predicting impaired LA‐strain was 0.645 (0.564–0.730, p < 0.05). LDL‐C ≤ 112.5 mg/dl was found to be the optimal cut‐off value with 74.5% sensitivity and 51.2% specificity in predicting impaired LA strain.ConclusionIn patients with hypertension and diabetes, LDC‐C levels are moderately but independently and paradoxically associated with impaired LA function assessed by 2D‐STE.
Distinguishing orthogonality graphs
Authors: Boutin Debra , Cockburn Sally 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA graph is said to be ‐distinguishable if there is a labeling of the vertices with labels so that only the trivial automorphism preserves the labels. The smallest such is the distinguishing number, . A set of vertices is a determining set for if every automorphism of is uniquely determined by its action on . The size of a smallest determining set for is called the determining number, . The orthogonality graph has vertices which are bitstrings of length with an edge between two vertices if they differ in precisely bits. This paper shows that and that, if when is odd or when is even, then .
Genetic characterization and phylogenetic variations of human adenovirus‐F strains circulating in eastern India during 2017–2020
Authors: Chandra Pritam , Lo Mahadeb , Mitra Suvrotoa , Banerjee Anindita , Saha Priyanka , Okamoto Keinosuke , Deb Alok Kumar , Ghosh Sanat Kumar , Manna Asis , Dutta Shanta , Chawla‐Sarkar Mamta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman adenovirus‐F (HAdV‐F) (genotype 40/41) is the second‐most leading cause of pediatric gastroenteritis after rotavirus, worldwide, accounting for 2.8%–11.8% of infantile diarrheal cases. Earlier studies across eastern India revealed a shift in the predominance of genotypes from HAdV41 in 2007–09 to HAdV40 in 2013–14. Thus, the surveillance for HAdV‐F genotypes in this geographical setting was undertaken over 2017–2020 to analyze the viral evolutionary dynamics. A total of 3882 stool samples collected from children (≤5 years) were screened for HAdV‐F positivity by conventional PCR. The hypervariable regions of the hexon and the partial shaft region of long fiber genes were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed with respect to the prototype strains. A marginal decrease in enteric HAdV prevalence was observed (9.04%, n = 351/3882) compared to the previous report (11.8%) in this endemic setting. Children <2 years were found most vulnerable to enteric HAdV infection. Reduction in adenovirus‐rotavirus co‐infection was evident compared to the sole adenovirus infection. HAdV‐F genotypes 40 and 41 were found to co‐circulate, but HAdV41 was predominant. HAdV40 strains were genetically conserved, whereas HAdV41 strains accumulated new mutations. On the basis of a different set of mutations in their genome, HAdV41 strains segregated into 2 genome type clusters (GTCs). Circulating HAdV41 strains clustered with GTC1 of the fiber gene, for the first time during this study period. This study will provide much‐needed baseline data on the emergence and circulation of HAdV40/41 strains for future vaccine development.
Late‐onset intrauterine growth restriction and HHV‐6 infection: A pilot study
Authors: Bortolotti Daria , Gentili Valentina , Santi Erica , Taliento Cristina , Vitagliano Amerigo , Schiuma Giovanna , Beltrami Silvia , Rizzo Sabrina , Lanza Giovanni , Rizzo Roberta , Gafà Roberta , Greco Pantaleo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLate‐onset Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to impaired growth and development of the fetus, characterized by placental morphological abnormalities that affect the fetus's supply of nutrients. Human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is physiologically expressed during pregnancy, but decreased in normal placenta during the last weeks of gestation possibly inducing childbirth. Several viruses involved in congenital infection, such as herpesviruses, exploit HLA‐G expression as an immune‐escape mechanism. To date, despite different congenital herpetic infections having been associated with late IUGR, no direct implication of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) infection has been reported. We evaluated HLA‐G expression and HHV‐6 infection in 11 placentas from late‐onset IUGR newborns and 11 placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies by histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. We found higher levels of HLA‐G expression and HHV‐6 presence in IUGR placenta samples compared with control placenta samples. We report HHV‐6 staining in IUGR placenta samples, characterized by high HLA‐G expression. These preliminary data suggest a possible involvement of HHV‐6 infection in HLA‐G deregulation that might affect vessel remodeling and prevent the correct pregnancy outcome in the IUGR condition.
Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes of the most predominant human group A rotavirus G12 identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Himachal Pradesh, India during 2013–2016
Authors: Gupta Shipra , Gauhar Mariyam , Bubber Parvesh , Ray Pratima 
Published: June 2021

AbstractG12 strains are now considered to be the sixth most prevalent human rotaviruses globally. India has introduced rotavirus vaccine Rotavac® into the national immunization program in 2016 and Himachal Pradesh (HP) is the first state to launch it. During epidemiological rotavirus surveillance in HP, predominance of G12 rotaviruses was observed. This study investigated the genetic variability and evolution of HP G12 strains (n = 15) associated with P‐genotypes P[6], P[4], and P[8] identified between 2013 and 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 gene revealed that all characterized G12 strains clustered in lineage‐III and diversified into three subclusters indicating that these strains may have originated from three different ancestral G12 strains. The comparative sequence analysis of HP strains with Rotavac® and Rotarix® vaccine strains revealed various amino acid substitutions in epitope regions of VP7 and VP4 proteins especially at the antibody neutralization sites. Only 12/29 VP7 epitope residues and 2/25 VP4 epitope residues were found to be conserved between HP rotavirus strains and vaccine strains. Both long and short electropherotypes were observed in G12P[4] strains, while a single long electropherotype was observed in G12P[6] strains. Children of ≤11 months were significantly infected with G12 rotaviruses. The frequency of vomiting episodes (≥5/day) was significantly higher in children infected with G12 rotavirus strains as compared to non‐G12 rotaviruses (p = 0.0405). Our study provides the comprehensive data on clinical characteristics and evolutionary pattern of the G12 rotavirus, the most prevalent strain in HP and emphasizes the need to monitor these strains for inclusion in future vaccine.
Soluble angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 is transiently elevated in COVID‐19 and correlates with specific inflammatory and endothelial markers
Authors: Lundström Annika , Ziegler Louise , Havervall Sebastian , Rudberg Ann‐Sofie , von Meijenfeldt Fien , Lisman Ton , Mackman Nigel , Sandén Per , Thålin Charlotte 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS‐CoV‐2 interactions with ACE2 may increase ectodomain shedding but consequences for the renin‐angiotensin system and pathology in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain unclear. We measured soluble ACE2 (sACE2) and sACE levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 114 hospital‐treated COVID‐19 patients compared with 10 healthy controls; follow‐up samples after four months were analyzed for 58 patients. Associations between sACE2 respectively sACE and risk factors for severe COVID‐19, outcome, and inflammatory markers were investigated. Levels of sACE2 were higher in COVID‐19 patients than in healthy controls, median 5.0 (interquartile range 2.8–11.8) ng/ml versus 1.4 (1.1–1.6) ng/ml, p < .0001. sACE2 was higher in men than women but was not affected by other risk factors for severe COVID‐19. sACE2 decreased to 2.3 (1.6–3.9) ng/ml at follow‐up, p < .0001, but remained higher than in healthy controls, p = .012. sACE was marginally lower during COVID‐19 compared with at follow‐up, 57 (45–70) ng/ml versus 72 (52–87) ng/ml, p = .008. Levels of sACE2 and sACE did not differ depending on survival or disease severity. sACE2 during COVID‐19 correlated with von Willebrand factor, factor VIII and
D‐dimer, while sACE correlated with interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Conclusions: sACE2 was transiently elevated in COVID‐19, likely due to increased shedding from infected cells. sACE2 and sACE during COVID‐19 differed in correlations with markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting release from different cell types and/or vascular beds.
Prenatal androgen influences on the brain: A review, critique, and illustration of research on congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. , Demidenko Michael I. , Wilson Stephen J. , Berenbaum Sheri A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSex hormones, especially androgens, contribute to sex and gender differences in the brain and behavior. Organizational effects are particularly important because they are thought to be permanent, reflecting hormone exposure during sensitive periods of development. In human beings, they are often studied with natural experiments in which sex hormones are dissociated from other biopsychosocial aspects of development, such as genes and experiences. Indeed, the greatest evidence for organizational effects on sex differences in human behavior comes from studies of females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), who have heightened prenatal androgen exposure, female‐typical rearing, and masculinized toy play, activity and career interests, spatial skills, and some personal characteristics. Interestingly, however, neuroimaging studies of females with CAH have revealed few neural mechanisms underlying these hormone‐behavior links, with the exception of emotion processing; studies have instead shown reduced gray matter volumes and reduced white matter integrity most consistent with other disease‐related processes. The goals of this narrative review are to: (a) describe methods for studying prenatal androgen influences, while offering a brief overview of behavioral outcomes; (b) provide a critical methodological review of neuroimaging research on females with CAH; (c) present an illustrative analysis that overcomes methodological limitations of previous work, focusing on person‐specific neural reward networks (and their associations with sensation seeking) in women with CAH and their unaffected sisters in order to inform future research questions and approaches that are most likely to reveal organizational hormone effects on brain structure and function.
Describing heart rate variability in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation during hospitalization for COVID‐19
Authors: Junarta Joey , Riley Joshua M. , Pavri Behzad B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMyriad cardiovascular manifestations have been reported with COVID‐19. We previously reported that failure of PR interval shortening with increasing heart rate (HR) in patients with COVID‐19 is associated with adverse outcomes. Here, we report on heart rate variability (HRV) and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (cAF) hospitalized for COVID‐19.MethodsA retrospective review of admitted COVID‐19 patients with cAF between 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2020 was performed. HRV in cAF was compared during pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 admissions; we selected pre‐COVID‐19 ECGs with HRs that were within 10 beats per minute of the COVID‐19 ECGs. Mean HR and each RR interval were recorded. Time‐domain measurements of HR variability were then calculated (SDSD, RMSSD, pNN50). Clinical outcomes during COVID‐19 were correlated to indices of HRV.ResultsA total of 184 ECGs (95 pre‐COVID‐19, 89 COVID‐19) from 38 cAF in‐patients were included. Mean age 78.6 ± 11.4 years, male 44.7%. The mean number of ECGs analyzed per patient pre‐COVID‐19 was 2.50 and during COVID‐19 was 2.34. Comparing pre‐COVID‐19 versus COVID‐19 ECGs showed: mean HR (95.9 ± 24.3 vs. 101.6 ± 22.8 BPM; P = .10), SDSD (109.0 ± 50.6 vs. 90.3 ± 37.2 ms; P < .01), RMSSD (184.1 ± 80.4 vs. 147.3 ± 59.8 ms; P < .01), pNN50 (73.8 ± 16.3 vs. 65.6 ± 16.6%; P < .01). Patients who had a smaller pNN50 during a COVID‐19 admission had increased mortality (50.0% vs. 14.3%; log‐rank test P = .02).ConclusionIn patients with cAF, the HRV was reduced during COVID‐19 compared with prior illnesses at similar average heart rates. Patients with the most depressed HRV as measured by pNN50 had an associated increase in mortality compared with patients whose HRV was preserved.
Advances in applying Raman spectroscopy to the study of enzyme mechanisms
Authors: Carey Paul , Pusztai‐Carey Marianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review sets out the progress over the past 50 years, mostly in the authors' laboratory, for Raman spectroscopy in defining the precise chemical changes driving enzyme‐mediated catalysis. The spectroscopy has been enabled by advances in computer, laser and optical technologies. Derek Long's generation (including the authors of this review) has been privileged to experience many of these changes. Here, we show how Raman can define individual molecular populations at work inside bacterial cells. In addition, several satellites have spun off the main theme. These include rapid reaction applications, drug screening, and RNA‐based enzymes. These are discussed briefly, and the reader can explore the details using the references given.
Laser‐induced annealing of aged PuO2
Authors: Villa‐Aleman Eliel , Dick Don D. , Christian Jonathan H. , Foley Bryan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlutonium dioxide (PuO2) is an important compound used in nuclear fuel, irradiation targets, and heat sources. As such, improved understanding of its structural and spectroscopic properties has numerous applications. Alpha particle‐induced damage of a PuO2 crystal lattice modifies several properties of its Raman spectrum, including band intensities, positions, and widths. The decay also induces growth of new bands and creates electron‐trapped defects with luminescent properties. Herein, we show for the first time that laser‐induced heating can reverse damage to an aged and damaged PuO2 lattice. Using automated instrumentation to heat a single 6–10 μm spot to temperatures above 1,300°C, we show that laser‐induced annealing of aged PuO2 results in restoration of T2g band intensity with a concomitant decrease in defect band intensity, a result that indicates laser annealing can be used to reverse age‐damage in PuO2. This laser annealing approach permitted in situ observation of temperature‐dependent Raman spectral changes, thereby providing insight into the thermodynamics of structural alterations in a radiolytically damaged PuO2.