bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming cognitive activity in primary school students with samples of folk oral literature
Authors: Elmira Uaidullakyzy , Omarov Nurlybek , Konyrbayeva Sarash , Jazdykbayeva Mariya , Orazbayeva Elmira , Tautaeva Guldariga , Eskaraeva Aigul 
Published: November 2021

The goal of every nation is to raise a healthy and conscious generation that will continue their life and experience. Therefore, in this article, the aim was to comment on the concepts of samples of folk oral literature and analyze the problem of forming the cognitive activity of Primary School students. In this regard, the research work was carried out in primary classes of multidisciplinary Secondary School No. 156 in Almaty (Kazakhstan). The participants were primary school teachers and primary school students who participated in a pedagogical experiment. The results were analyzed using percentages. As a result, it was concluded that tasks prepared using samples of oral folk art and effective and modern methods of its use in the classroom allow us to form the cognitive activity of Primary School students. This, in turn, contributes to the comprehensive development of students as a person.
Key words: samples of oral folk art, cognition, cognitive activity, Primary School students.
Repercussions of Covid-19 crisis on students’ remote learning in Saudi universities
Authors: Al-Qahtania Norah , Al-Salem Wafa Abdullah 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to identify the positive and negative repercussions of the novel Coronavirus crisis on students’ remote learning in Saudi universities. A descriptive survey method is carried out using a questionnaire and distributed to a cluster sample of 651 undergraduate students. Results reveal the most prominent positive repercussions, which are that the university cares about the learners' safety and health health and places them at the highest priority, review of recorded lectures and investing time. Results also reveal the most prominent negative repercussions, which are students’ concern about their academic conditions, reduced access to teaching and research facilities and laboratories, and large assignments. Statistically significant differences are also found in favour of males, health disciplines, and King Faisal University and University of Hail.

Keywords: Repercussions,covid-19, student,remote learning,Saudi universities
Do direito à tortura
Authors: Dos Santos Fernandes Ionara 
Published: November 2021

A tortura é uma prática milenar que atravessa continentes. No Brasil, ainda que proibida e criminalizada, segue sendo exercida. Atualmente apresenta uma série de variações que estão em disputa no âmbito conceitual, político e jurídico no país e no mundo. Neste trabalho, a partir de um estudo de caso, faço uma análise das variações da tortura, identificadas a partir de um incêndio ocorrido em uma unidade socioeducativa do Rio de Janeiro, registrado por um órgão de fiscalização dos espaços de privação de liberdade, o Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura do Rio de Janeiro. Observou-se que a arquitetura precária e antiga da unidade, a superlotação e o acesso limitado e inadequado aos serviços de saúde se configuram em práticas de tortura no corpo populacional, e ainda se articulam com práticas de violência individualizada. Tais ações são articuladas e implementadas por diversas instituições, evidenciando que as práticas de tortura são conformadas a partir das relações de poder, fundamentadas nas desigualdades.
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients Got PCR After Chemoradiotherapy May Have Better Survival Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of 246 Patients.
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Dongyan , Peng Lisha , Wang Feng , Li Rongqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the locally advanced rectal cancer patients who got a pathological complete response after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy have a better survival. Methods: From January 1 2014 to January 1 2018, the clinical information of locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were collected for a retrospective analysis. Then a telephone follow-up visit was done to get the patients’ survival information of progression-free survival and overall survival. At last the information was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and cox-regression analysis. Results: The clinical information of 246 locally advanced rectal cancer patients were collected and analyzed, which shows that the PCR rate after chemoradiotherapy was 20.3% in these patients. There were correlations between pathological grade(grade III-IV Vs. I-II, P=0.001), CRM invasion(positive Vs. negative, P=0.001), clinical T stage(T4 Vs. T1-3, P=0.000), PCR status(PCR Vs. Non-PCR, P=0.027), downstage after preoperative therapy(yes Vs. not, P=0.009) and PFS. Similarly, age(≤60 Vs. >60, P=0.000), pathological grade(grade III-IV Vs. I-II, P=0.016), EMVI status(positive Vs. negative, P=0.005), CRM invasion(positive Vs. negative, P=0.000), clinical T stage(T4 Vs. T1-3, P=0.000), clinical N stage(N0-1 Vs. N2, P=0.013), PCR status(PCR Vs. Non-PCR, P=0.010), downstage after preoperative therapy(yes Vs. not, P=0.002) were associated with the OS. After the Cox-regression analyses, the responses after preoperative therapy or T4 tumors were identified as the prognostic factors that affected PFS and OS. Conclusions: The PCR rate after chemoradiotherapy was 20.3% in locally advanced rectal patients. Stage T1-3, better response after chemoradiotherapy tumors (PCR or downstage) might have a better survival outcome.
Contextualising English generalist day centres for older people: operational characteristics and typical days. Findings from case study research
Authors: Orellana Katharine , Manthorpe Jill , Tinker Anthea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reports of Covid-19 pandemic related day centre closures impacting negatively on their attenders and family carers have fuelled a resurgence of interest in these services. The absence of detailed descriptions of this common, but often ‘invisible’, preventive service from the literature limits the evidence base since outcomes data without context are less meaningful. This descriptive article aims to demystify these diverse and multi-faceted settings by painting a rich, contemporary, pre-Covid pandemic picture of four purposively selected English day centres for older people using data from diary notes made during 56 full-day visits, documentation provided by centre managers, and interviews with 23 centre managers, staff and volunteers. The article aims to further understanding of these settings for potential collaborators and social care and health professionals, particularly in the context of rising social prescribing initiatives in England with their focus on linking older people to asset-based community resources. We provide baseline data for conversations concerning optimisation of such services in the post-pandemic recovery period and beyond: how buildings may be regarded as valuable community assets with potential, and how other parts of the health and care system may better interact with day services to improve older people’s, carers’ and others’ health and wellbeing, and to benefit of staff working elsewhere in health and care.
“Such Conversations Are Not Done in the Families”: A Qualitative Study of the Determinants of Early Adolescents’ Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Information in Rwanda.
Authors: Mbarushimana Valens , Conco Daphney Nozizwe , Goldstein Susan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Acces to sexual and reproductive health and rights information during adolescence is a basic human right. This study investigated the key informants’ perspectives on the benefits, sources of information, and the determinants (enablers and hindrances) of sexual and reproductive health and rights information among early adolescents in Rwanda.
Methods

a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with purposively selected public and private key informants in Rwanda was conducted. Interview transcripts were imported in Nvivo 11 for thematic analysis.
Results

In total, sixteen interviews involving an equal number of male and female participants were conducted. Despite it being perceived as a taboo topic, participants acknowledged sexuality education as beneficial for early adolescents and confirmed that there are various channels for accessing gender and sexuality information. The school comprehensive sexuality education was depicted as a common source of information, while parents were not. Participants highlighted disparities in information access between rural and urban settings. Faith-based organizations and public institutions did not share the same perspective on the topics that should be covered in gender and sexuality education. Faith-Based Organizations focused on moral values of abstinence and virginity, while public institutions emphasized ways of having safe sex including the use of modern contraceptive methods. Participants noted the need to address the confusion about the concept of gender. Participants’ reflections on gender dynamics revealed that compared to girls, boys culturally override sexual health. Participants thought that access to gender and sexuality information by early adolescents depended on multiple factors at the individual (curiosity, age, behaviours), relationships (discussions with parents, peer sexual norms), community (the content of the curriculum, culture, religious beliefs), and societal (economic challenges, policy, and laws) levels.
Conclusion

Participants from various backgrounds acknowledged the benefits of sexuality education, as well as the various channels available to younger adolescents for accessing SRHR information, even though their perspectives on the content differed. The study’s multi-layered analysis revealed potential areas for improving early adolescents’ access to gender and SRHR information.
Association Between the Dietary Literacy of Children's Daily Diet Providers and School-age Children's Nutritional Status and Eating Behaviours: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chang Jun-Jie , Xu Nuo , Song Ling-Ling , Li Yong-Han , Yuan Meng-Yuan , Zhang Ting-Ting , He Yang , Chen Shan-Shan , Wang Geng-Fu , Su Pu-Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOverweight and obesity rates have increased rapidly in Chinese school-age children, and previous studies have indicated that poor dietary literacy can lead to poor eating behaviours. However, few studies have investigated the association between the dietary literacy of daily diet providers and the eating behaviours and nutritional status of school-age children raised by the providers. Thus, we aimed to explore this association.MethodsWe collected data on the eating behaviours and nutritional status of children in two primary schools in Anhui Province, as well as the dietary literacy of their daily diet providers. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the association.ResultsWe found significant differences in the scores on the Questionnaire of Children's Daily Diet Providers' Dietary Literacy (QCDDPDL) by region, relationship with the child, age, and educational level of the daily diet provider (all p < .05). Moreover, the children in the low QCDDPDL score group were inclined to engage in unhealthy eating behaviours (p < .05). In addition, the incidence of overweight and obesity was higher in the low QCDDPDL attitude score group than the high score group (p = .006).Conclusions﻿Our study showed that the dietary literacy of diet providers may influence children's health and eating behaviours. Improving the dietary literacy of diet providers may promote the health status and eating behaviours of school-age children.
Fasudil attenuates Neuro-Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Rhoa/Rock Pathways in Delayed Neuropsychologic Sequelae Mice Model
Authors: Yan Xiang , Fu Meng , Gao Ye , Han Qin , Li Shuang , Xia Huan , Li Jinglun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae is common in patients after carbon monoxide poisoning without effective methods worldwide. Fasudil exerts neuroprotective effect and alleviates oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanism between DNS and FS remains unclear. The study aims to explore the efficacy and mechanism of Fasudil in DNS mice model.
Objective

The delayed neuropsychologic sequelae model was induced with a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. All rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10): air control group (AC), CO poisoning group (CO), and CO poisoning +Fasudil group (CO+FS). Rats in the CO+FS group were given Fasudil (10 mg/kg/day, ip). The morris water maze was documented to estimate spatial learning and memory of mice. The demyelination state in brain was observed through LFB staining. The protein of MBP was examined with immunofluorescence staining. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, SOD, and MDA were examined by ELISA. The mRNA levels of Rho, ROCK2, MLC1 and MYPT1 were analyzed by rt-PCR.
Result

The cognitive impairment in the CO+FS group were significantly reduced than those of the CO group (P<0.05). LFB staining and immunofluorescence staining of MBP results showed that FS significantly treatment attenuated demyelination (P<0.05). Compared with the CO group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, ROCK2, MLC1, and MYPT1 significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of SOD were significantly increased in the CO+FS group (P<0.05).
Conclusion

In a word, Fasudil attenuated delayed neuropsychologic sequelae by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and downregulating Rho/ROCK pathway in DNS mice model. We conclude that Fasudil may be a novel treatment for delayed neuropsychologic sequelae.
Effects of TSH Suppressive Therapy On Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Northeast China: A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Wang Yu , Zhu Li , He Liang , Lv Mutian , Zhang Hao , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Fan , Lai Yaxin , Li Yushu , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after postoperative 1-2 years in Northeast China. Methods Five male, sixteen premenopausal, and eight postmenopausal female DTC patients receiving TSH suppressive therapy after thyroidectomy were enrolled. Patients were matched with healthy controls in a ratio of 1:2. All participants completed postoperative 1-year follow-up, and postmenopausal women completed 2-year follow-up. We measured BMD of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone formation marker P1NP and bone resorption marker β-CTX were also evaluated. Fracture risks were assessed by FRAX. Results There was no difference in BMD and BTMs between DTC patients and controls in the male group at 1-year follow-up. In the premenopausal women, the LS-BMD, FN-BMD, and TH-BMD in DTC patients were all higher than those in controls, but only FN-BMD showed a significant difference. The change rate of P1NP showed a significant difference between DTC patients and controls, while no difference was found in the β-CTX level. In the postmenopausal women, no difference in BMD and BTMs were observed between DTC patients and controls at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. Conclusion Our study indicated that postoperative 1-year TSH suppressive therapy did not show detrimental effects on BMD and BTMs in men, premenopausal, and postmenopausal DTC patients. The 2-year postoperative TSH suppressive therapy did not lead to additional loss of bone mass in postmenopausal DTC patients.
Integration of Gene Expression Profile Data of Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue From Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation to Verification of Hub Genes
Authors: Cui Yajuan , Wang Xue , Liu Qiang , Gao Wen , Dong Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The occurrence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) can significantly reduce the prognosis of patients and increase the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.Methods: To link EAT with POAF and explore biomarkers with predictive value or therapeutic intervention significance for POAF in EAT.Through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, gene expression profiles were collected while GSE 143924 contained EAT from POAF patients and sinus rhythm (SR) patients. And the R package "ClusterProfiler" as well as genetic ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) were utilized to annotate differential genes and to assess relevant functional categories. Cytoscape was used for protein interaction network (PPI) analysis of the differentially expressed genes. In the end, specimens from clinical patients were collected to further verify the selected genes.Results: The screened differentially expressed genes includes 53 up-regulated genes and 95 down-regulated genes. According to the results obtained by analyzing KEGG, GO enrichment analysis and PPI were made to identify the five genes with the highest degree of connectivity, which includes TNF-α, TLR2, CCL4, TIMP1 and CDH2. Therefore, in peripheral blood samples of clinical POAF patients, CCL4 showed significantly high expression while TIMP1 and CDH2 showed low expression, which was consistent with the results of data screening. But the expression of TLR2 is higher in the POAF group, which is inconsistent with the results of data screening.Conclusion: TNF-α and CCL4 were up-regulated and TIMP1 and CDH2 were down-regulated in EAT with POAF through data analysis and clinical experiments, which features great clinical value for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of POAF.
Involvement of Ischemia-driven 5LPOX-RvE1-ChemR23 axis in the resolution of post-CABG inflammation in Coronary Arteries
Authors: Thankam Finosh , Wilson Victoria E. D. , Radwan Mohamed M , Siddique Aleem , Agrawal Devendra K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims: Expression status of pro-resolving lipid mediators (PLM) and receptors in the post-CABG coronary arteries are largely unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the expression of PLMs in the atherosclerotic post-CABG swine LAD compared to without CABG (LAD-AS), and in isolated coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) cultured under ischemia. Methodology: The arteries of interest were harvested from post-CABG atherosclerotic swine and the histomorphology and the expression status of key PLM mediators were quantified using immunostaining. SMCs were cultured under ischemia and confirmed the expression on PLM mediators at transcript and protein level.Results: The histomorphometric analysis revealed considerable alterations in the tissue architecture in LAD-CABG and LAD-AS arteries compared to control. PLM synthetic enzyme 5LPOX was significantly upregulated in LAD-CABG and LAD-AS whereas the other mediators including 12LPOX, 15LPOX, COX2, ChemR23, GPCR18, GPCR120 were decreased in LAD-CABG than control. LPOX enzymes and PLM receptors were upregulated in ischemic CASMCs with respect to control. Western blot showed the upregulation of 5LPOX, and ChemR23. Additionally, higher level of RvE1 was observed in ischemic control CASMCs which was decreased following reperfusion. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CASMCs withstand the ischemia-triggered proinflammatory episodes by increasing the secretion of RvE1 mediated through 5LPOX and ChemR23 signaling.
Characterization of vB_Sau_S90, and vB_Sau_S165, a Broad Host Range Phages, and Multiple Phage Doses as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Eliminate Transient Phage Resistant Mutants in Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Loganathan Archana , Nachimuthu Ramesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen. MRSA has acquired resistance to major antibiotics; thus, phage therapy has become a potential alternative treatment. In this work, two broad host range Staphylococcus phages were characterized for lifecycle, physio-chemical parameters and bacterial killing kinetics, and the in vitro behavior of phage insensitive bacterial cells to alternative serial passage and multiple phage doses were assessed by reduction in the bacterial turbidity and spot assay. Phage vB_Sau_S90 showed an absorption efficiency of 91 ± 0.6% with an adsorption time of 17 ± 1 min and vB_Sau_S165 of 95 ± 0.5% adsorption efficiency and 15 ± 2 min adsorption time. Both the phages were stable over a wide range of temperature (20 to 50 ℃) and pH (3 to 11). vB_Sau_S90 phage belonging to the family Siphoviridae [order Caudovirals] showed killing efficiency against 88% (181/205) of S. aureus isolates, and vB_Sau_S165 belonging to family Podoviridae [order Caudovirals] showed killing efficiency against 94% (192/205) of S. aureus isolates. The sensitive and transient phage-resistant cells that remained uninfected during the single dose of phage treatment were eliminated upon a minimum of five alternative serial passage and multiple phage doses. This study concludes that both the phages showed promising activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our study revealed that despite phage auto-dosing and high therapeutic efficiency, both phages did not produce a complete bacterial clearance at a single phage dose; hence indicated that multiple phage doses were required to attain a successful and complete bacterial eradication.
Salmonella Outer Membrane Vesicles contain tRNA Fragments (tRFs) that Inhibit Bacteriophage P22 infection
Authors: Houserova Dominika , Huang Yulong , Kasukurthi Kasukurthi , Watters Brianna , Khan Fiza , Mehta Raj , Chaudhary Neil , Roberts Justin , DeMeis Jeffrey , Hobbs Trevor , Ghee Kanesha , McInnis Cameron , Johns Nolan , Kegler Abrianna , Coley Alexander , Brown Cana , Hewes Jenny , McElyea Marie , Reeves Monica , Tran Tuan , Bauer Natalie , Huang Jingshan , Audia John , Foster John , Borchert Glen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Salmonella Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) were recently shown to inhibit P22 bacteriophage infection. Interestingly, we identify 31 recurrent tRFs abundantly expressed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and find these tRFs are highly complementary to known Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage (17 averaging 97.4% complementarity over 22.9 nt) and specifically enriched in S. Typhimurium OMVs. Most notably, tRNA-Thr-CGT-1-1, 44-73, bears 100% complementary over its entire 30 nt length to 29 distinct Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage including P22. Importantly, we find inhibiting this tRF in secreted OMVs improves P22 infectivity in a dose dependent manner whereas raising OMV tRF levels conversely inhibits P22. Furthermore, we find P22 pre-incubation with OMVs isolated from naïve S. Typhimurium, rescues the ability of S. Typhimurium depleted of tRNA-Thr-CGT-1-1, 44-73 tRF to defend against P22. Collectively, these experiments confirm tRFs secreted in S. Typhimurium OMVs are directly involved with and required for the ability of OMVs to defend against bacteriophage predation. As we find the majority of OMV tRFs are highly complementary to an array of known Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage, we suggest OMV tRFs may primarily function as a broadly acting, previously uncharacterized ancient antiviral defense.