bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocrystalline Gold Metasurface to Control Anisotropic Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Boroviks Sergejs , Martin Olivier J. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe tensorial nature of the nonlinear susceptibility of gold surfaces is revealed and exploited by comparing crystalline and polycrystalline thin films. The {111}‐type surfaces of crystalline gold exhibit anisotropic features that are absent at the surfaces of conventionally used polycrystalline thin films. While this anisotropy does not influence the linear optical response, it becomes apparent in the second‐harmonic generation, where the emission can be either co‐ or cross‐polarized with the excitation light, depending on the crystal orientation. It is further demonstrated that nanopatterning a {111} surface enables versatile control over the anisotropic and isotropic contributions to second‐harmonic generation in the vicinity of localized surface plasmon resonance condition. Focused ion beam‐milling is used to pattern the surface of chemically synthesized gold flake with subwavelength‐sized V‐grooves, while preserving the intrinsic crystal anisotropy as demonstrated by the nonlinear microscopy. The results highlight the potential of crystalline metasurfaces to enhance, tailor and control the nonlinear optical response, paving the way for advanced nonlinear photonic devices.
Injectable pH Responsive Conductive Hydrogel for Intelligent Delivery of Metformin and Exosomes to Enhance Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Cheng Nianlan , Luo Qiao , Yang Yongqing , Shao Ni , Nie Tianqi , Deng Xiujiao , Chen Jifeng , Zhang Siqi , Huang Yanyu , Hu Kuan , Luo Liangping , Xiao Zeyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a leading cause of complications and high mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction. Injectable hydrogel emerges as a promising biomaterial for myocardial repair due to their ability to mimic the mechanical and electrophysiological properties of heart tissue. In this study, an injectable conductive hydrogel is developed that responds to the weakly acidic microenvironment of ischemic injury, enabling the intelligent release of metformin and exosomes to enhance cardiac repair following MIRI. This multifunctional hydrogel demonstrates self‐healing properties, shear‐thinning injectability, electrical conductivity, and an elastic modulus comparable to natural myocardium, alongside excellent biocompatibility. At the cellular level, the hydrogel system exhibits significant antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic, improvement of electrophysiological characteristics, mitochondrial protection and angiogenic effects, with transcriptome sequencing revealing the effective activation of the PI3K/AKT, VEGF, and AMPK signaling pathways. In vivo studies further confirm that the hydrogel treatment reduces infarct size, cardiac fibrosis and incidence of arrhythmia, while improving ventricular ejection fraction and facilitating the restoration of cardiac function after MIRI. In conclusion, an injectable pH‐responsive conductive hydrogel is presented that enables the intelligent delivery of metformin and exosomes, offering a promising and novel therapeutic approach for enhancing cardiac repair and treating MIRI.
Force‐Triggered Non‐Volatile Multilevel Mechano‐Optical Memory System for Logic Computation and Image Recognition
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Guo Feng , Yang Hang , Zhou Tianhong , Du Xiaona , Gao Rui , Chen Haisheng , Hu Minghao , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yang , Tu Dong , Hao Jianhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the big data era, sensing multi‐modal information in memory is highly demanded for the sake of artificial intelligence applications to overcome the limitations of the von Neumann architecture. Different from traditional sensing methodologies, mechanoluminescence (ML) materials, which emit light in response to mechanical force without any external power supply, present intriguing prospects for technological developments. However, most of the ML materials only demonstrate instantaneous luminescence, severely hampering the exploitation of ML in sophisticated applications where non‐volatile control is indispensable. Herein, a non‐volatile, multilevel mechano‐optical memory system is proposed, based on a crafted combination of a self‐recoverable ML material, ZnS:Cu, and a photostimulated luminescence (PSL) phosphor Ca0.25Sr0.75S:Eu (CaSrS:Eu). By integrating ML with PSL effect, a robust six‐level non‐volatile memory is achieved, in which the multilevel memory states allow for computational capability without electrical interference. Specifically, the reliable multilevel and non‐volatile response enables Boolean logic operations. Furthermore, neuromorphic visual pattern pre‐processing is implemented, resulting in a substantial increase in recognition accuracy from 20% to 80%. These findings endow force‐responsive phosphors with memory capability, fully leveraging the capabilities of ML and offering a new strategy for developing mechano‐optical hardware and concepts for future intelligent applications.
Novel Cerium‐Based p‐Dopants with Low Parasitic Absorption for Improved Organic Devices
Authors: Buchholtz Stephanie A. , Winkler L. Conrad , Dorfner Maximilian F. X. , Kretschmer Fred , Kusber Anncharlott , Eymann Léonard Y. M. , Schmidt Theresa , Kleemann Hans , Benduhn Johannes , Ortmann Frank , Leo Karl 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh electrical conductivity and improved charge carrier injection enabled by molecular doping are pivotal for high‐performance, energy‐efficient, and stable organic optoelectronic devices. Molecular doping is a key element in device design and manufacturing of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays, a multi‐billion dollar market. However, it is an inherent feature of state‐of‐the‐art small molecule dopants and their charge‐transfer complexes to strongly absorb in the visible and near‐infrared spectral range. This parasitic effect results in absorption losses, reducing the performance in light‐harvesting and light‐emitting applications. Here, a novel class of vacuum‐processable cerium‐based p‐dopants with excellent processing properties and competitive doping strength even in organic hole transport layers with low‐lying valence levels is presented. A substantial reduction in parasitic absorption for layers doped by the new dopants in the visible and near‐infrared range is found. The reduced polaron absorption of the dopant anions is in excellent agreement with theoretical simulations. By incorporating these dopants into near‐infrared narrowband organic photodetectors, the specific detectivity can be increased by one order of magnitude compared to devices with the established dopant 1,3,4,5,7,8‐hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6‐TCNNQ). The decreased parasitic absorption yields optical‐microcavity‐enhanced photodetectors with significantly reduced full‐width at half maximum, paving the way toward more efficient and wavelength‐selective infrared detectors.
Unlocking the Promise of Antitumor Hyperthermia‐Immunotherapy with Spiky Surface Topology
Authors: Yang Muyue , Yu Yan , Ge Tongxin , Zhu Qiuyi , Zhuang Ai , Wang Wenxing , Fan Xianqun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults with high mortality rate. Recently, immunotherapy has shown great success in other tumors, however, its therapeutic effect in UM is unsatisfactory, possibly due to the insufficient immune cell infiltration and low immunogenicity of UM. Thus, an efficient therapeutic strategy to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is required. Herein, a PD‐L1 modified hierarchical structure consisting of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and spiky silica shell (MNP@Spiky/PD‐L1) is developed to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and trigger powerful antitumor immune responses. The MNP@Spiky can induce enhanced immunogenic cell death as well as physical activation of innate immunity. First, tumor cells are disrupted directly by magnetic hyperthermia effect and released tumor‐associated antigens to initiate anti‐tumor immune responses. Meanwhile, the spiky surface of MNP@Spiky augmented tumor antigen uptake as well as maturation of dendritic cells through inflammasome activation. By further associating with PD‐L1‐targeting antibody, MNP@Spiky/PD‐L1 reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and triggered powerful antitumor immune responses. Overall, this synergistic therapeutic strategy effectively reprogramed tumor microenvironment and achieved tumor eradication, which sheds light on clinical UM immunotherapy.
Engineering Multi‐Site Platinum Ensembles Synergistically Boosts Catalysis
Authors: Dong Tao , Xiao Fei , Wu Xuanning , Ban Tao , Ji Jian , Liu Biyuan , Zhang Jiarui , Jiang Jiuxing , Zhang Dieqing , Yang Weixing , Liu Gaoyuan , Yang Xin , Huang Haibao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEngineering stable and efficient noble metal ensembles with multi‐type active sites while understanding the role of each site at the atomic level remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, a sub‐nanometric Pt ensemble catalyst with a diverse array of active sites is constructed via a dual‐confinement strategy, which exhibits superior activity and durability with minimal Pt loading (0.13 wt.%). Simultaneously, the roles of different Pt sites at the atomic scale are determined through in situ characterization methods and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, Pt top sites predominantly serve as pivotal centers for O═O bond activation, whereas Pt−O−Si interfacial sites primarily govern the activation of H─OH and C─H bonds. The reactive oxygen species (O2−, O22−, and −OH) generated from O2 and H2O activation synergistically enhance formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation and shorten the reaction pathway. This study sheds light on a better understanding and rational design of catalyst active sites via precise synthesis of multi‐site ensembles or discerning the distinct contributions of various catalytic sites.
Functional Complete Revascularization as Determined by an Optimized Scoring System After Revascularization: A Post Hoc Analysis from Multi‐Center PANDA III Trial
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wu Shaoyu , Liu Qianqian , Guan Changdong , Wang Hao‐Yu , Yuan Sheng , Xie Lihua , Huang Yunfei , Qiao Zheng , Liu Weida , Fu Rui , Feng Lei , Zhu Chenggang , Song Lei , Yin Dong , Dou Kefei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFunctional complete revascularization (CR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as determined by classic residual functional SYNTAX score (c‐rFSS) has been associated with improved prognosis. In this study, the c‐rFSS algorithm is optimized for a novel modified rFSS (m‐rFSS) and prognostic implications of this novel scoring is determined. The m‐rFSS algorithm is updated for 2 clinical scenarios, i.e., 1) lesions with suboptimal functional results, and 2) angiographic diameter stenosis <50% but functionally significant stenoses, which are not scored by c‐rFSS. The major outcome is a 2‐year major adverse cardiac event (MACE). A total of 1,555 patients analyzable for both c‐rFSS and m‐rFSS are included. After calculating m‐rFSS, 12.0% (187/1,555) of patients with c‐rFSS‐based functional CR (c‐rFSS = 0) are reclassified as having m‐rFSS‐based incomplete revascularization (IR, m‐rFSS>0); thus, 377 (21.7%) patients have c‐rFSS‐based functional IR whereas 524 (33.7%) has m‐rFSS‐based IR. Patients with m‐rFSS‐based functional IR (m‐rFSS>0) show a significantly higher risk for major MACE outcome (20.8% vs 5.9%; adjusted hazard ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval: 2.34–4.71) than patients with functional CR (m‐rFSS = 0). The m‐rFSS is more predictive of 2‐year MACE than c‐rFSS (difference in C‐index 0.07, p < 0.001). In this study, we optimized the classic scoring algorithm to develop a novel scoring system (m‐rFSS), and revascularization completeness determined by m‐rFSS is markedly associated with a 2‐year prognosis.
Assessing the Determinants of Platyrrhine Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in an Ecological and Phylogenetic Framework
Authors: Shapiro Liza J. , Dunham Noah T. , McNamara Allison , Young Jesse W. , Hieronymus Tobin L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLaboratory studies have broadened our understanding of primate arboreal locomotor biomechanics and adaptation but are necessarily limited in species availability and substrate complexity. In this field study, we filmed the locomotion of 11 species of platyrrhines (Ecuador and Costa Rica; n = 1234 strides) and remotely measured substrate diameter and orientation. We then explored ecological and phylogenetic influences on quadrupedal kinematics in multivariate space using redundancy analysis combined with variation partitioning. Among all species, phylogenetic relatedness more strongly influenced quadrupedal kinematics than variation in substrate. Callitrichines were maximally divergent from other taxa, driven by their preferred use of higher speed asymmetrical gaits. Pitheciids were also distinctive in their use of lower limb phases, including lateral sequence gaits. The biomechanical implications of interspecific differences in body mass and limb proportions account for a substantial portion of the phylogenetic‐based variation. Body mass and kinematic variation were inversely related–whereas the larger taxa (atelids) were relatively restricted in kinematic space, and preferred more stable, symmetrical gaits, the smallest species (callitrichines) used faster, more asymmetrical and less cautious gaits along with symmetrical gaits. Intermembral index had a positive relationship with limb phase, consistent with higher limb phases in atelines compared to pitheciids. Substrate alone accounted for only 2% of kinematic variation among all taxa, with substrate orientation influencing kinematics more than diameter. Substrate effects, though weak, were generally consistent with predictions and with previous laboratory and field‐based research. Excluding callitrichines and asymmetrical gaits, the influence of substrate alone remained low (2%), and the phylogenetic signal dropped from 31% to 8%. The substantial residual kinematic variation may be attributable to substrate or morphological variables not measured here, but could also reflect basic biomechanical patterns shared by all taxa that serve them well when moving arboreally, regardless of the challenges provided by any particular substrate.
Hepatic abscess caused by foreign body ingestion: A case report
Authors: Li Qingqing , Liu Yujiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionLiver abscess is a common clinical condition caused by bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, usually due to immunosuppression. In contrast, secondary liver abscesses are caused by specific factors such as foreign bodies, tumours, or appendicitis.MethodsWe admitted a patient with secondary liver abscess and found an intrahepatic foreign body after interventional drainage. Initially, a foreign body of medical origin was suspected, but after a multidisciplinary consultation, it was determined to be caused by a foodborne foreign body. Laparoscopic surgery was then chosen as the treatment.ResultThe liver abscess was caused by an alimentary foreign body, and the intrahepatic foreign body was identified as a fish bone measuring approximately 2.5 cm in length.DiscussionUpon diagnosing either primary or secondary liver abscess, aggressive treatment of the abscess focus is essential. However, in cases of secondary liver abscess, addressing and removing the underlying cause is necessary for complete resolution. For patients with a previously healthy liver, comprehensive history‐taking is crucial, and imaging studies play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians and radiologists should be vigilant for the possibility of foreign bodies, tumours, or unexpected intra‐abdominal inflammation, regardless of the patient's history. When dealing with food‐borne foreign bodies, endoscopic intervention should be considered first, followed by laparoscopy, and as a last resort, open surgery.ConclusionThe diagnosis and treatment of liver abscess in clinical practice require a complete medical history and thorough imaging examinations. Ultrasound, as the initial imaging modality, allows real‐time and dynamic observation of lesions. It is essential for ultrasonologists to consider the possibility of foreign body‐induced liver abscess when diagnosing patients with liver abscess.
GOAT: A Global Optimization Algorithm for Molecules and Atomic Clusters
Authors: de Souza Bernardo 
Published: February 2025

In this work, we propose a new Global Optimization Algorithm (GOAT) for molecules and clusters of atoms and show how it can find the global energy minima for both systems without resorting to molecular dynamics (MD). This avoids the potential millions of time‐consuming gradient calculations required by a long MD run. Because of that, it can be used with any regular quantum chemical method, even with the costlier hybrid DFT.

We showcase its accuracy by running it on various systems, from organic molecules to water clusters, metal complexes, and metal nanoparticles, comparing it with state‐of‐the‐art methods such as the Conformer‐Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST). We also discuss its underlying theory and mechanisms for succeeding in challenging cases. GOAT is, in general, more efficient and accurate than previous algorithms in finding global minima and succeeds in cases where others cannot due to the free choice for the Potential Energy Surface (PES).
Solvent‐Dependent Chirality Transmission and Amplification from Cellulose Derivative to Achiral Helical Polymer for Achieving Full‐Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhong Hai , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCellulose derivatives represent a promising natural chiral platform for creating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials owing to their excellent processability and structural diversity. However, achieving full‐color and white CPL emissions based on cellulose derivatives remains challenging. The present work reports the first success in achieving full‐color and white CPL emissions leveraging chirality transmission and amplification from cellulose derivative to achiral helical polymer. Importantly, such chirality transfer displays a dependence on the hydrogen bond accepting ability of solvent, making it effortless to precisely regulate chiral intensity by single or combined solvents. Moreover, the induced chirality in helical polymer is further transferred to the introduced racemic fluorescent dyes, resulting in full‐color and white‐light CPL emissions with a maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 1.5×10−2 and 62.9 %, respectively. Further spatially separating the chiral and fluorescent components allows inversion of CPL handedness and precise modulation of CPL intensity. Notably, circularly polarized white organic light‐emitting diodes and chiral logic gate with multiple information outputs are successfully developed. This work gives an impetus to construct cellulosic chiroptical materials, offering more insights into chirality transfer between biomacromolecules and synthetic helical polymers.
Comparing eDNA and eRNA Sampling Methodologies From Pond Environments
Authors: Janik‐Superson Katarzyna , Krawczyk Dawid , Baranowska Monika , Królikowska Klaudyna , Seweryn Michał , Lach Jakub , Tończyk Grzegorz , Strapagiel Dominik , Bącela‐Spychalska Karolina , Taugbøl Annette 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMolecular traces are increasingly being applied to assess the presence of species and communities. Studies on environmental DNA (eDNA) have, to a large extent, become common practice in species detection, but less studies have compared biodiversity estimations with the more temporary environmental RNA (eRNA). This study compares metabarcoding results from pond water obtained from both molecule types by sequencing the V4 region in the 18S rRNA marker. Water was collected from two depths, 20 and 80 cm, and filtered sequentially through two filter porosities, 0.45 and 0.22 μm. Each filter was cut in half before fixation in either 96% ETOH or RNAlater. The results showed no differences between the fixatives for either molecule. Overall, biodiversity estimates from eDNA significantly overperformed eRNA, likely due to higher concentrations of eDNA from terrestrial sources. Comparisons of the two depths showed variation for eDNA only, with increasing levels of biodiversity found at the upper water layer. Both filter pore sizes captured distinctive compositions of taxa, where about 30% of the diversity was uniquely identified from the second, finer filter. Taken together, these findings imply that the choice of molecular marker, depth and filter pore size affects the obtained biodiversity estimations in a pond.
3D anatomical digital twins: New generation virtual models to navigate robotic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Amparore Daniele , Piana Alberto , Piramide Federico , De Cillis Sabrina , Checcucci Enrico , Fiori Cristian , Porpiglia Francesco 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjective 3D virtual models have gained interest in urology, particularly in the context of robotic partial nephrectomy. From these, newly developed “anatomical digital twin models” reproduce both the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the organs, including the texture of the tissues they comprise. The aim of the study was to develop and test the new digital twins in the setting of intraoperative guidance during robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Patient and Methods The production path of the 3D model‐digital twin of an organ begins with a phantom of virtual elements, including the kidney's parenchyma, vessels, tumour and collecting system. Textures are created from intraoperative robotic surgery images using machine learning algorithms. The result is a 3D model ‐ digital twin that replicates the organ's shape and appearance. Two surgeons, one experienced and one young, used both the standard 3D model and the digital twin in four surgical phases: identifying the organ and its boundaries, dissecting the vascular pedicle, isolating the neoplastic lesion and identifying the renal pelvis and ureter. Results 4 patients, 2 per each surgeon harbouring a low and intermediate complexity (PADUA 6 and 8) renal masses respectively, underwent RAPN. From the assessment made by the surgeons at the end of each procedure, the 3D digital twin models were found to be superior to their standard counterparts both in terms of concordance with real anatomy and in usefulness to guide the identification of the tumour, vascular pedicle and ureter, while they did not demonstrate significant advantages in identifying the kidney and its margins. Conclusions The new 3D digital twin models represent a step forward towards the personalization of virtual reconstructions. Approaching real anatomy more closely, they offer the surgeons a perceived higher degree of concordance with the intraoperative environment, making it easier to identify the structures of interest during the surgical procedure.