bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An LLE Based LC- ESI MS/MS Analytical Method Development to Detect Azithromycin Residue in Water to Monitor Contamination Level of River and Fish Farm of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Humayun , Yasmin Sabina , Mou Salma Akter , Upoma Bushra Parvin , Ahmed Shamim , Azam Golam , Jahan Tajnin , Islam Md Saidul , Moniruzzaman Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study to development and validate an analytical method to determine the Azithromycin (AZN) residue in water approach to monitor the contamination level of river and fish farm water of Bangladesh. Azithromycin (AZN) was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). The chromatographic separations of analyte were performed using ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1×100 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) column and mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with 50:50. The analyte were detected in positive electron spray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) with mass transition from 749.5 m/z to 591 m/z and 158 m/z as quantifier and qualifier ion respectively. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used for the extraction of AZN residues. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity and specificity. The analyte showed a good linear in the range of 0.1-100 µg/L. Three spiking levels (0.25, 0.5 and 1.25 µg/L) was performed for determining accuracy and precision. Recoveries and RSD were in the range of 96.6-101.5% and 3.5-6.3 respectively. The estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.017 and 0.05 µg/L respectively. Using the developed method, we analyzed 5 different rivers and 5 different fish farm samples. We found no azithromycin residue in rivers water, but we found in one fish farm water azithromycin residue 0.35±0.06 µg/L. The results indicate that we should be concern to use antibiotics in fish farm water in different ways.
Investigation Of Geographical Disparities: The Use of An Interpolation Method For Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Campbell Janis E. , Sedani Ami Elizabeth , Dao Hanh Dung N. , Sambo Ayesha B , Doescher Mark P. , Janitz Amanda E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate a method to systematically illustrate cancer incidence in an accurate and visually attractive, yet straightforward, GIS-based method using ZIP Code level cancer registry data for all cancers combined and four major types of cancer. This analysis will better inform public health researchers by enabling them to empirically assess and describe geographic disparities in cancer for their own areas. Methods: We describe a process of creating smoothed maps with an appropriate, well-described, simple, replicable method. We calculated SIRs for each ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) for each cancer type. For the IDW, we used the ArcGIS 10.8.1 to create smoothed maps of Oklahoma ZCTA SIR. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a method that public health practitioners can duplicate with minimal skills, no or low-cost applications, and limited data to assist health care professionals and the community in interpreting cancer in their state.
CD 80 and CD 86 Expression, Clinical Implications Are Cancer Dependent as Revealed Through Pan-cancer Analysis
Authors: Olajuyin Ayobami Matthew , Georgewill Sharon Ibialate , Olajuyin Adefunke Kafayat , Saliu Jamiyu Ayodeji , Okeke Malachy I. , Raji Hayatu M. , Tyndall Jennifer , Guo Xia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCluster of Differentiation 80 and CD 86 can also be called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively. They are proteins fundamentally expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including induced dendritic cells (IDCs), langerhans cells, germinal center dendritic cells (GCDCs), activated monocytes, macrophages and B-cells. They are considered to be a possible therapeutic target and biomarker of great significance. However, there are still inconsistent pieces of information and their clinical importance is yet to be established. MethodsHere we investigated CD 80 and 86 as biomarkers by utilizing several large genomic data collections. (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Quantitative proteomics Cancer cell line Encyclopedia Genotype-Tissue Expression,) and analyzed CD 80 and CD 86 expression in thousands of normal and cancer samples and cell lines along with their clinical survival analysis.ResultsThis study presented that CD 86 was expressed more in post-treatment blood cancer in the blood and post-treatment blood cancer in the bone marrow while it was expressed least in normal tissues and cell lines. The Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 cell lysate illustrated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.6 for the CD 86 gene. it indicated that cancer in the esophagus had the highest copy number value and indicated a medium level amplification of the CD 86 gene and prostate cancer had a hemizygous deletion of the CD 86 gene with the least copy number value. Furthermore, on the non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line REC1, illustrated the highest relative protein expression of the CD 86 gene among the other types of cancer cell line, its protein expression value was 8.19. Also, for cancer type leukemia, the subtype acute myeloid leukemia showed a significant relative protein expression. The acute myeloid leukemia cell line EOL1 indicated that there was a high relative protein expression of 6.5. However, the protein expression for CD 80 is yet to be elucidated.ConclusionsTaken together, CD 80 ad 86 may be potential biomarkers of great clinical significance. The Kaplan Meier plots unveiled that CD 86 and CD 80 were significantly associated with overall survival analysis in the Large B-cell lymphoma, and the different tumor types.
Integrating Multi-Datasets Analysis with Molecular Docking To Explore Potential Therapeutic Compound and Its Mechanism and Target Sites in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Shuheng , Chen Ling , Jiang Aimin , Yan Yanli , Li Rong , Kang Haojing , Feng Zhaode , Li Guangzu , Ma Wen , Zhang Jiangzhou , Zhang Xiaozhi , Ren Juan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Gastric carcinoma still threatens public health with high morbidity and mortality, especially in Eastern Asia. Target therapy possesses a vast value and makes significant progress in cancer treatment, and it is essential to explore more potential target drugs in gastric carcinoma.
Methods

Gene expression data was obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets and the interaction networks of chemical-genes was obtained from CTD (Comparative Toxicogenomics Database). Then, GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) was utilized to identify the significant compounds, which related to gene expression in gastric carcinoma. Moreover, PPI (Protein-Protein Interaction) network, screening of hub-genes, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and GO (Gene Ontology) analysis were employed to explore potential mechanisms and potential targets of these compounds. Finally, molecular docking was used to analyze the stable binding between the compounds and target proteins.
Results

Bazedoxifene was selected by integrating datasets and bioinformatics analysis as a potential therapeutic compound. UHRF1, MCM10, HELLS, and DTL with high expression in cancer tissues may be new targets in gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, Bazedoxifene may target UHRF1 and the pathway of ubiquitin-like protein transferase in gastric carcinoma and has potential therapeutic value.
Conclusion

It is infered that Bazedoxifene may target on UHRF1 in gastric carcinoma and has the therapeutic potential.
Are Tryptophan and Serotonin Alteration Act as a Trigger Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Complications?
Authors: Khoshnevisan Kamyar , Chehrehgosha Maryam , Sajjadi-Jazi Sayed Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is a vital amino acid causing clinical implications in the human body and biological specimens. Serotonin (5-HT) is well-recognized for its biological activities in the brain, and as a familiar neurotransmitter, it regulates various neuropsychological processes. Alterations in the serotonergic system were proved to play a role in the pathogenesis of different neurological and psychiatric diseases. In recent years, Trp and 5-HT levels have been considered as triggers of diabetes mellitus (DM). The altered Trp metabolism may also play roles in the pathogenesis of DM and developing a risk of complications. The whole blood (WB) 5-HT level was mainly lower among diabetic patients compared to others. That is mostly derived from a lower platelet concentration of 5-HT in these patients. Indeed, 5-HT level can be considered as a potent biomarker for early detection of DM complications. Besides, it was proved that outside the digestive and central nervous systems, 5-HT was discovered in beta cells, and scientists have been attempting to realize its mechanism of action ever since. Towards to end, the determination methods, biomarker’s role, and approaches of 5-HT and Trp levels were thoroughly investigated in both healthy and diabetic patients with or without complications. Moreover, the association between insulin and 5-HT has been specifically discussed. Our study concluded that Trp and 5-HT levels could be exclusively applied for early diagnosis of DM complications as well as many other complications.
Children’s Perceptions of Pain in Conjunction With Tooth Extraction – A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Berlin Henrik , Hallberg Ulrika , Ridell Karin , Toft Danijela , Klingberg Gunilla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Children frequently experience pain/discomfort during dental treatment. At the same time there seems to be uncertainty among dentists regarding pain management. Pain research in dentistry has mainly been performed in adults using quantitative methods. Meanwhile, qualitative methods as well as the child’s perspective are scarce. This study aims to explore and describe children’s experiences/thoughts regarding pain in conjunction with tooth extraction and the subsequent postoperative period, using grounded theory (GT). Methods: Qualitative interviews were carried out with twelve 10—16-year-olds. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed in open, as well as focused (selective) coding processes according to GT. Three informants were re-interviewed for verification purpose. Results: A core category was identified and named ‘handling the unavoidable unknown’. Instead of focusing on pain, the informants described an urge for more information about the procedure and what to expect in terms of pain/discomfort, during and/or after treatment. They stated that the levels of pain/discomfort were manageable, while the lack of information negatively affected their coping abilities, causing anxiousness. Conclusions: To improve patients’ ability to deal with pain in conjunction with dental extraction, the dental team should ensure better information about the treatment. Thus, the use of psychological techniques is a cornerstone in pain management and must be reflected in clinical guidelines.Trial registration: This study’s protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04064853), August 22, 2019, available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04064853?term=berlin&cntry=SE&draw=2&rank=1
Gene Correlation Network Analysis To Identify Regulatory Factors In Sciatic Nerve Injury
Authors: Li Liuxun , Du Xiaokang , Ling Haiqian , Li Yuhang , Wu Xuemin , Jin Anmin , Yang Meiling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Sciatic nerve injury (SNI), which frequently occurs under the traumatic hip and hip fracture dislocation, induces serious complications such as motor and sensory loss, muscle atrophy, or even disabling. The present work aimed to determine the regulating factors and gene network related to the SNI pathology.Methods: Sciatic nerve injury dataset GSE18803 with 24 samples was randomly divided into adult group and neonate group. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules associated with SNI in the two groups. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined from every group, separately. Subsequently, co-expression network, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were integrated to identify hub genes and associated pathways. GSE30165 was used as the test set for investigating the hub gene involvement within SNI. Finally, we employed DGIdb for predicting the possible therapeutic agents leading to the abnormal up-regulation of hub genes.Results: 14 SNI status modules and 97 DEGs were identified in adult group, while 15 modules and 21 DEGs in neonate group. A total of 12 hub genes was overlapping from co-expression and PPI network. After the results from both test and training sets were overlapped, we verified that the ten real hub genes showed remarkably up-regulation within SNI. According to functional enrichment of DEGs, the above genes participated in the immune effector process, inflammatory responses, the antigen processing and presentation, and the phagocytosis. GSEA also supported that gene sets with the highest significance was mostly related to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Conclusions: The gene expression network is determined in the present work based on the related regulating factors within SNI, which sheds more lights on SNI pathology and offers the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets in subsequent research.
Multilevel of Factors Affected Optimal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Amongst HIV-infected Prisoners in South Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fuge Terefe Gone , Tsourtos George , Miller Emma R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesMaintaining optimal adherence and viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLWHA) is essential to ensure both preventative and therapeutic benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Prisoners bear a particularly high burden of HIV infection and are highly likely to transmit to others during and after incarceration. However, the level of treatment adherence and viral suppression in incarcerated populations in low-income countries is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-adherence and viral failure, and contributing factors amongst prisoners in South Ethiopia. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between June 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020 to compare the level of adherence and viral suppression between incarcerated and non-incarcerated PLWHA. The study involved 74 inmates living with HIV (ILWHA) and 296 non-incarcerated PLWHA. Background information (including sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural, and incarceration related characteristics) was collected using a structured questionnaire. Adherence was determined based on the participants’ self-report and pharmacy refill records. Plasma viral load measurements undertaken within the study period were prospectively extracted to determine viral suppression. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to analyse data. ResultsWhile prisoners had a significantly higher pharmacy refill adherence compared to non-incarcerated PLWHA (89% vs 75%), they had a slightly lower dose adherence (81% vs 83%). The prevalence of viral failure (VF) was also slightly higher (6%) in ILWHA compared to non-incarcerated PLWHA (4.4%). The overall dose non-adherence (NA) was significantly associated with missing ART appointments, level of satisfaction with ART services, patient’s ability to comply with a specified medication schedule and types of methods used to monitor the schedule. In ILWHA specifically, accessing ART services from a hospital compared to a health centre, an inability to always attend clinic appointments, experience of depression and a lack of social support predicted NA. VF was significantly higher in males, people of age 31to 35 years and in those who experienced social stigma, regardless of their incarceration status. ConclusionsThis study revealed that HIV-infected prisoners in South Ethiopia were more likely to be non-adherent to ART doses and to develop viral failure compared to their non-incarcerated counterparts. A multitude of factors were found to be responsible for this requiring multilevel intervention strategies focusing on the specific needs of prisoners.
Analysis of Strength and Modal Characteristics of a Full Tubular Pump Impeller Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Shi Lijian , Zhu Jun , Wang Li , Chu Shiji , Tang FangPing , Jiang Yuhang , Xu Tian , Yu Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
FSI(Fluid-Structure Interaction) is used to perform the the structural mechanical characteristics on the full tubular and the axial-flow pumps. The results show that as the flow rate increases, the total deformation and equivalent stress are significantly reduced. The MTD(max total deformation) and the MES(max equivalent stress) of the full tubular pump impeller appear at the outer edge of the blade. There are two stress concentrations in the full tubular pump impeller, in which one is located in the outlet area of the rim, and the other is located in the outlet area of the hub. However, the MES of the axial-flow pump appears at the center of the blade hub. The performance difference between the full tubular pump and the axial-flow pump is mainly caused by the clearance backflow. The natural frequency of the full tubular pump is lower than that of the axial-flow pump according to the modal results. The MES of the full tubular pump is mainly concentrated at the junction of the blade and the motor rotor, and the max thickness of the rim is 6mm, which is more prone to cracks, seriously affecting the safety and stability of the pump.
Contrasting Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Families to Simulated Climate Warming and Drying in A Semiarid Shrubland
Authors: ALGUACIL Maria Mar , Schlaeppi Klaus , López-García Álvaro , Heijden Marcel van der , Querejeta José Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We carried out a 4-year manipulative field experiment in a semiarid shrubland in Southeastern Spain to assess the impacts of experimental warming (W), rainfall reduction (RR) and their combination (W+RR) on the composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in rhizosphere soil using singlemolecule real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing. Across climate treatments, we encountered 109 AMF OTUs that were assigned to four families: Glomeraceae (93.94%), Gigasporaceae (2.19%), Claroideoglomeraceae (1.95%) and Diversisporaceae (1.92%). The AMF community composition and diversity indices at OTU level were unaffected by the climate manipulation treatments, except for a significant decrease in AMF richness in the W treatment relative to the control. In contrast, AMF family richness decreased significantly in all the climate manipulation treatments relative to the control treatment. Members of the Gigasporaceae and Diversisporaceae families appeared to be highly vulnerable to intensification of heat and drought stress, as their abundances decreased by 67% and 77% respectively, in the W+RR treatment relative to current ambient conditions. In contrast, the relative abundance and dominance of the Glomeraceae family within the AMF community increased significantly under the W+RR treatment, with Glomeraceae being indicator family for the W+RR treatment. The interaction between warming and rainfall reduction had a significant effect on AMF community structure at family level. These findings provide new insights into AM fungal community responses to climate warming and drying in dryland ecosystems.
Robotic Assisted MRI-US Fusion Guided Target Saturation Biopsy of the Prostate – Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Implications
Authors: Wetterauer Christian , Trotsenko Pawel , Matthias Marc , Breit Christian , Keller Nicola , Meyer Anja , Brantner Philipp , Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas , Winkel David , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Seifert Helge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
MRI-targeted prostate biopsy improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). However, up to 70% of PCa lesions display intralesional tumor heterogeneity. Current target sampling strategies do not yet adequately account for this finding. This prospective study included 118 patients who underwent transperineal robotic assisted biopsy of the prostate. We identified a total of 58 PCa-positive PI-RADS lesions. We compared diagnostic accuracy of a target-saturation biopsy strategy to accuracy of single, two, or three randomly selected targeted biopsies and analysed potential clinical implications. Intralesional detection of clinically significant cancer (ISUP ≥ 2) was 78.3% for target-saturation biopsy and 39.1%, 52.2%, and 67.4% for one, two, and three targeted cores, respectively. Target-saturation biopsies led to a more accurate characterization of PCa in terms of Gleason score and reduced rates of missed cancer. Compared to one, two, and three targeted biopsies, target-saturation biopsies led to intensified staging procedures in 21.7%, 10.9, and 8.7% of patients, and ultimately to a potential change in therapy in 39.1%, 26.1%, and 10.9% of patients. This work presents the concept of robotic-assisted target saturation biopsy. This technique has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and thus individual staging procedures and treatment decisions.
Influence of Coexisting Chronic Kidney Disease and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Changes in FGF23 and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System
Authors: Okamoto Kohei , Fujii Hideki , Goto Shunsuke , Watanabe Kentaro , Kono Keiji , Nishi Shinichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and their association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported. However, whether the FGF23 elevation is the cause or result of LVH remains unclear. At 10 weeks, male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Sham, CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), LVH (transaortic constriction), and CKD/LVH group. At 16 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and urine, cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and cardiac histological analyses were performed. Heart weight, serum FGF23 levels, and cardiac expression of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, except for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, more increased in the CKD/LVH group compared to the other groups. A significant correlation between LVH and cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors was observed. Furthermore, there was a significantly close correlation of the cardiac expression of FGF23 with LVH and RAAS-related factors. The coexisting CKD and LVH increased serum and cardiac FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and there was a significant correlation between them. A close correlation of cardiac, but not serum FGF23, with LVH and RAAS suggested that local FGF23 may be associated with LVH and the RAAS activation.