bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Inorganic Coordination Chemistry by Spectroscopy of Isolated Molecules: Methods and Applications
Authors: Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Kappes Manfred M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA unique feature of the work carried out in the Collaborative Research Center 3MET continues to be its emphasis on innovative, advanced experimental methods which hyphenate mass‐selection with further analytical tools such as laser spectroscopy for the study ofisolatedmolecular ions. This allows to probe the intrinsic properties of the species of interest free of perturbing solvent or matrix effects. This review explains these methods and uses examples from past and ongoing 3MET studies of specific classes of multicenter metal complexes to illustrate how coordination chemistry can be advanced by applying them. As a corollary, we will show how the challenges involved in providing well‐defined, for example monoisomeric, samples of the molecular ions have helped to further improve the methods themselves thus also making them applicable to many other areas of chemistry.
Different effects of smoking on atopic and non‐atopic adult‐onset asthma
Authors: Lajunen Taina K. , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Jaakkola Maritta S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundBoth tobacco smoking and atopy increase the risk of adult‐onset asthma. We studied if there are differences in the effects of smoking on the risks of atopic and non‐atopic adult‐onset asthma, and if gender modifies these effects.MethodsThe Finnish Environment and Asthma Study (FEAS) includes 521 incident cases of adult‐onset asthma and 932 population‐based controls, aged 21 to 63 years, recruited from a geographically defined area of Pirkanmaa, South Finland. Asthma was defined based on symptoms and lung function measurements, atopy by IgE antibodies to common aeroallergens and smoking by the study questionnaire.ResultsAltogether 212 cases were atopic, and 251 cases were non‐atopic. Regular smoking increased the risk of atopic asthma (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.83–1.85), this effect was seen in women (aOR 1.77, 1.06–2.95) but not in men (aOR 0.75, 0.39–1.45). Among regular smokers, the amount smoked was lowest among women with atopic asthma. Recent quitting of smoking was related to increased risk of both atopic (aOR 4.91, 2.26–10.65) and non‐atopic (aOR 4.37, 1.87–10.21) asthma. Having quitted smoking over a year ago was related to increased risk of non‐atopic asthma (aOR 1.57, 1.08–2.28), mainly in men (aOR 2.03, 1.06–3.88).ConclusionsIn women, rather small amounts of regular smoking increase the risk of atopic asthma. However, for non‐atopic asthma, the smoking induced risk continues for longer after quitting, especially in men. In conclusion, the effects of smoking on the risks of atopic and non‐atopic asthma differ, and gender modifies these effects.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a 10% Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride Nanoemulsion Gel (BF‐200 ALA) in Photodynamic Therapy of Patients Extensively Affected With Actinic Keratosis: Results of 2 Maximal Usage Pharmacokinetic Trials
Authors: Novak Ben , DuBois Janet , Chahrour Osama , Papusha Tamara , Hirt Stefan , Philippi Thomas , Zogel Corinna , Osenberg Katharina , Schmitz Beate , Lübbert Hermann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nanoemulsion‐based 10% aminolevulinic acid (ALA) hydrochloride gel BF‐200 ALA optimizes epidermal penetration of its active ingredient and is approved for topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of actinic keratosis in the United States and Europe. To characterize systemic absorption from dermal application during PDT, ALA and its key active metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were analyzed in 2 maximal usage pharmacokinetic trials (MUsT) in patients severely affected with actinic keratosis. The primary objective of both MUsTs was to assess baseline‐adjusted plasma concentration–time curves for ALA and PpIX after a single PDT treatment applying either 2 g (1 tube) of BF‐200 ALA on the face (MUsT‐1) or applying 6 g (3 tubes) of BF‐200 ALA on the face/scalp or body periphery (MUsT‐2), to 20 or 60 cm2, respectively. All PDTs were performed using red light at around 635 nm wavelength. Safety and tolerability were documented along with pharmacokinetics. In both MUsTs, ALA plasma concentrations were transiently increased to a maximum concentration at about 2.5 to 3.3 times above endogenous baseline with time to maximum concentration at ≈3 hours after dosing. Plasma levels subsequently returned to baseline within 10 hours after dosing. Overall baseline‐adjusted mean area under the baseline‐adjusted plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last sampling time point at which the concentration was at or above the lower limit of quantification ranged from 142.8 to 146.2, indicating that a similar, minor fraction of topical ALA is systemically absorbed under both dosing regimens. Systemic PpIX exposure after administration of either dose of BF‐200 ALA was equally minimal. Application site skin reactions were treatment area size‐related, albeit transient and consistent with the known safety profile of BF‐200 ALA.
Simulated longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) restoration increased streamflow—A case study in the Lower Flint River Basin
Authors: Qi Ji , Brantley Steven T. , Golladay Stephen W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater scarcity in the southeastern United States has increased in recent decades due to population growth, land use intensification and climate variability. Precipitation is relatively abundant, but declines in streamflow suggest a need to better manage water yield. Restoration of low‐density, frequent‐fire longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodlands, which once dominated the southeastern Coastal Plain, represents a possible strategy to increase water yield and mitigate water scarcity. The Flint River Basin has seen recent conflicts over water appropriations and lies within the historic range of longleaf pine. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate the potential effect of longleaf pine restoration on streamflow in the Ichawaynochaway Creek, a major tributary of the Flint River. Parameters governing plant water use, for example, leaf area and leaf physiology, were adjusted to create a longleaf pine land cover. We simulated the conversion of ~95,000 ha of existing forest to longleaf pine, an increase from 3% to 35% of landcover in the basin. Modelled evapotranspiration was lower for longleaf pine compared with other forest types in the region, and conversion to longleaf pine increased annual water yield by 17.9 ± 1.6 mm, or 5.2%. Proportional changes in monthly streamflow were up to 74% higher during low flow periods, when in‐stream habitat is most vulnerable. Restoration of longleaf pine could be a promising way to mitigate water scarcity in the southeastern United States and adding flow during extreme droughts may prove vitally important for conserving imperilled aquatic organisms.
Passivity‐based stabilization of converter in DC power supply system using feedforward control
Authors: Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru , Funaki Takashi , Takai Hisanari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a passivity‐based stabilization control of a converter in a DC power supply system using feedforward (FF) control to improve output frequency impedance characteristics that satisfy the Nyquist stability criterion. The principle is that the output impedance is designed to be passive, and the system is sufficiently stable for any filter impedances. The new design principle for the proposed stabilization method consists of four steps. First, the state feedback (FB) control gains with a mitigated integral compensator are designed to possess a good response characteristic according to the optimal control. The designed characteristic of the output impedance may not be passive at a lower frequency band due to an essential characteristic of an integral compensator. Second, the integral characteristic is modified and a resistive characteristic is added to the band by a new FF control design based on a fitting method to make the total characteristic passive and to ensure stability. Third, the correction coefficients are tuned to eliminate a deviation between the measured and reference output voltage values at transient operations. Finally, the system passivity is re‐checked, and a resistive characteristic is re‐added using the FF control design if a nonpassive band exists. The effectiveness of the proposed method to render the system passive and stable is investigated and validated using simulated and experimental results.
Cd3(PO4)(TePO6): A Novel Cadmium Tellurite‐Phosphate featuring a {[TePO6]3−}∞ Chain
Authors: Yao Wen‐Dong , Yan Mei , Li Xiao‐Hui , Liu Wenlong , Tang Ru‐Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew inorganic crystals containing multiple anions have received extensive attensions recently in view of their abilities to be potential multifunctional materials. Among them, tellurite‐phosphates with simple chemical components are relatively rarely studied. Here, one novel tellurite phosphate Cd3(PO4)(TePO6) was obtained through conventional soild‐state reaction, and it is the first tellurite‐phosphate only possessing d10 transition metal. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and its structure features an interesting {[TePO6]3−}∞ chain constructed by corner‐sharing connected PO4 and TeO4 tetrahedra. Meanwhile, we obtained a new phase of Cd3(PO4)2 and Cd1.725Mg1.275(PO4)2 in the exploration of tellurite‐phosphates, and they also crystalize in the centric space group P21/c. Crystal structures, theoretical calculations on their electronic structure and birefringence have been studied, together with the IR and UV‐vis‐NIR diffuse reflectance spectra.
Downturn in Childhood Bone Mass: A Cross‐Sectional Study Over Four Decades
Authors: Rosengren Björn E , Bergman Erika , Karlsson Jessica , Ahlborg Henrik , Jehpsson Lars , Karlsson Magnus K 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTScreen time and physical inactivity have increased among children. As physical activity is a determinant of bone mass, there is a concern that children today have lower bone mass than earlier. If this is true, fractures may become more common in the future. In 2017–2018, we used single‐photon absorptiometry (SPA) to measure distal forearm bone mineral density (BMD; mg/cm2) in a normative cohort of 238 boys and 204 girls aged 7 to 15 years. We compared these results to BMD in a normative cohort collected in 1979–1981 (55 boys and 61 girls aged 7 to 15 years) measured by the same scanner. To investigate difference between the two cohorts, we used multiple linear regression with age, sex, and cohort as predictors. Predicted bone density at age 16 years was estimated through the slope values. The bone density‐age slope was flatter in the cohort measured in 2017–2018 than in the cohort measured 1979–1981 (−5.6 mg/cm2/yr [95% confidence interval −9.6 to −1.5]). Predicted bone density was at age 16 years in 2017–2018 in boys was 10% lower (−0.9 SD) and in girls 11% lower (−1.1 SD) than in their counterparts measured in 1979–1981. We found indications that children nowadays develop lower bone mass than four decades ago, giving concern that they may have a higher risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures as they grow old. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
NS2B‐NS3 protease inhibitors as promising compounds in the development of antivirals against Zika virus: A systematic review
Authors: Nunes Damiana Antônia de Fátima , Santos Felipe Rocha da Silva , da Fonseca Sara Thamires Dias , de Lima William Gustavo , Nizer Waleska Stephanie da Cruz , Ferreira Jaqueline Maria Siqueira , de Magalhães José Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infections are associated with severe neurological complications and are a global public health concern. There are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs to inhibit ZIKV replication. NS2B‐NS3 protease (NS2B‐NS3 pro), which is essential for viral replication, is a promising molecular target for anti‐ZIKV drugs. We conducted a systematic review to identify compounds with promising effects against ZIKV; we discussed their pharmacodynamic and pharmacophoric characteristics. The online search, performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, yielded 56 articles; seven relevant studies that reported nine promising compounds with inhibitory activity against ZIKV NS2B‐NS3 pro were selected. Of these, five (niclosamide, nitazoxanide, bromocriptine, temoporfin, and novobiocin) are currently available on the market and have been tested for off‐label use against ZIKV. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of these compounds for the inhibition of NS2B‐NS3 pro ranged at 0.38–21.6 µM; most compounds exhibited noncompetitive inhibition (66%). All compounds that could inhibit the NS2B‐NS3 pro complex showed potent in vitro anti‐ZIKV activity with a 50% effective concentration ranging 0.024–50 µM. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of the compounds assayed using A549, Vero, and WRL‐69 cell lines ranged at 0.6–1388.02 µM and the selectivity index was 3.07–1698. This review summarizes the most promising antiviral agents against ZIKV that have inhibitory activity against viral proteases.
The use and abuse of cinnabar in Late Neolithic and Copper Age Iberia
Authors: Emslie Steven D. , Silva Ana Maria , Valera António , Vijande Vila Eduardo , Melo Linda , Curate Francisco , Fidalgo Daniel , Inácio Nuno , Molina Moreno María , Cambra‐Moo Oscar , González Martín Armando , Barroso‐Bermejo Rosa , Montero Artús Raquel , García Sanjuán Leonardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, total mercury (THg) was analyzed in archaeological human bone from 23 sites dating to between the Middle Neolithic and the Antiquity. A total of 370 individuals from individual or collective burials was sampled, mostly using cortical bone from the humerus. These individuals were recovered from over 50 different funerary structures ranging from tholoi, pits, caves, and hypogea. Although cinnabar (HgS) is a likely cause of mercury poisoning and toxicity for people exposed to this mineral from mining or use as a paint or pigment, not all sites investigated here had cinnabar associated with the burials or other excavated areas. We found unusual levels of THg in many of the sampled individuals that we assume were caused by exposure to cinnabar in life, and not by diagenetic processes or other exposures to mercury such as through diet, which would only cause negligible accumulation of THg in bone. Our data, based on the largest sampling ever undertaken on contamination of human bone through archaeological evidence, provide a baseline for additional research on cinnabar and its use in Prehistory. Moderate to high levels of THg in human bone are mainly associated with societies dating from the second half of the 4th to late 3rd millennia B.C. (Late Neolithic to Middle Chalcolithic) in southern Iberia. By the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, the use of cinnabar decreased significantly and became minimal or absent. The use and abuse of cinnabar appears to have been pervasive throughout the above‐mentioned period and particularly between c. 2900–2300 B.C. This occurred in connection with the high symbolic and probably sacred value of the substance, which was sought after, traded, and extensively used in a variety of rituals and social practices.
A multicultural, gender, and sexually diverse affirming school‐based consultation framework
Authors: Brown Jeffrey M. , Naser Shereen C. , Brown Griffin Charity , Grapin Sally L. , Proctor Sherrie L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGender and sexually diverse (GSD) students face unique challenges in schools due to the privileging of cisgender and heterosexist norms in these settings. In particular, GSD youth who belong to ethnically and racially minoritized groups face further challenges within school environments that disregard their cultural contexts and intersectional identities. It is important for school psychologists to ensure safe and high‐quality mental health, educational, and behavioral supports for these students. One possible avenue for building these types of supports is through school consultation. When school psychologists collaborate with other professionals in a culturally competent, participatory way, their work has the potential to bolster behavioral, academic, and mental health outcomes at the individual, group, and/or systems levels. Adapting Ingraham's multicultural school consultation model, this article proposes a multicultural, GSD affirming school consultation framework that also approaches the experiences of racially and ethnically minoritized individuals through the lenses of intersectionality and minority stress frameworks. Across its five domains, this adapted framework aims to give practitioners and researchers a conceptual foundation to support GSD students of minoritized ethnic and racial identities by considering interactions among consultants, consultees, and clients within their wider school contexts.
Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in females with cystic fibrosis: An Italian single‐center cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Mariani Alessandra , Gambazza Simone , Carta Federica , Ambrogi Federico , Brivio Anna , Bulfamante Anna M. , Daccò Valeria , Bassotti Giacomo , Colombo Carla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are deemed to have a higher risk of developing urinary incontinence (UI), likely due to repeated increasing pressure on the pelvic floor. We aimed to determine the prevalence of female UI in a large CF referral center, and to assess the association between UI and severity of CF disease.MethodsWe consecutively recruited female patients regularly attending our CF center, aged ≥6 years and with a confirmed diagnosis of CF. Prevalence, severity, and impact of UI were assessed by administering two validated questionnaires. Relationship between variables was evaluated by means of multiple correspondence analysis, whereas a logistic model was fitted to capture the statistical association between UI and independent variables.ResultsUI was present in 51/153 (33%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 26%–41%) females. Among children and adolescents, the prevalence was 12/82 (15%, 95% CI: 8%–25%) whereas among adults was 39/71 (55%, 95% CI: 43%–67%). The only explanatory variable associated with UI was age, with children presenting the lowest risk (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI: 0.05–0.93). Females presenting low or high nutritional status show higher profile risk of having UI.ConclusionsStress UI is a common complication in females with CF since childhood. Although it frequently occurs in older patients with a more severe phenotype, much attention should be paid to adults and to their nutritional status.
The role of mid‐tropospheric moistening and land‐surface wetting in the progression of the 2016 Indian monsoon
Authors: Menon Arathy , Turner Andrew G. , Volonté Ambrogio , Taylor Christopher M. , Webster Stuart , Martin Gill 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting the Indian monsoon is limited by inadequate understanding of the underlying processes, which feed into systematic model biases. Here we aim to understand the dynamic and thermodynamic features associated with the progression of the monsoon, using 2016 as a representative year, with the help of convection‐permitting simulations of the Met Office Unified Model. Simulations are carried out in a 4 km resolution limited‐area model, nested within a coarser global model. Two major processes thought to influence the northwestward progression of the monsoon are: (a) the interaction between the low‐level monsoon flow and a mid‐tropospheric dry‐air intrusion from the northwest, and (b) land–atmosphere interactions. We find that the 4 km limited‐area model simulates the mid‐tropospheric moistening that erodes the northwesterly dry intrusion, pushing the northern limit of moist convection northwestwards. The surface soil moisture also plays a major role at the leading edge of the monsoon progression. The heavy rains associated with the local onset wet the soil, reducing the sensitivity of surface fluxes to soil moisture and weakening the land influence on further progression of monsoon rains. The 4 km model is tested with an alternative land‐surface configuration to explore its sensitivity to land‐surface processes. We find that the choice of soil and vegetation ancillaries affects the time‐scales of soil moisture–precipitation feedback and the timing of diurnal convection, thereby affecting the local onset. We further compare these simulations with a parametrized convection run at 17 km resolution to isolate the effects of convective parametrization and resolution. The model with explicit convection better simulates the dynamic and thermodynamic features associated with the progression of the monsoon.
Bullous eruption as a cutaneous manifestation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Tjokrosaputro Paula P. , Lian Tsui Y. , Wang Dingyuan , Lee Joyce S. S. , Xu Chuanhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCutaneous manifestations are variable in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). We report a case where bullous eruption was a presenting manifestation of EGPA. A 55‐year‐old Chinese man with a background of adult‐onset asthma and chronic sinusitis was admitted for a 3‐week history of lower limb weakness and a large bulla on his right calf with surrounding erythema. Skin biopsy showed a subepidermal blister with significant dermal eosinophilia, without vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with EGPA with systemic involvement on the basis of a thorough medical history, eosinophilia, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing acute myocarditis, and nerve biopsy with eosinophilic vasculitic neuropathy. He responded well to corticosteroids and rituximab. Nonvasculitic bullous eruptions are rarely described as manifestations of EGPA. Prompt recognition of this entity is crucial for its early diagnosis.
Diffuse goitre enlargement after immunotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fujita Kohei , Araki Norio , Mio Tadashi 
Published: October 2021

Key messageIt is well known that a phenomenon called hyperprogressive disease (HPD) often occurs during immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In the present case, we experienced a case of HPD in a potential metastatic thyroid tumour during immunotherapy. HPD can be life‐threatening depending on where it appears, so clinicians need to be careful.