bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and Neck Cancer Patient’s Radiation-induced Oral and Temporomandibular Joint Complications: A Review
Authors: Meidarlina Ista , Kusumadjati Adji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims:
This study describes complications that transpired inside the mouth and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after radiotherapy treatment in individuals with cancer of the head and neck.

Materials and Methods:
The PubMed database of the United States National Library of Medicine and ProQuest were used as electronic databases of articles published from 2012 to 2022 by using keywords “radiotherapy-induced oral complication,” “radiotherapy induced temporomandibular joint disorders,” and “complication post-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) patient.” Articles were filtered after eliminating duplicates, reading the abstract and the full text.

Results:
There were 7.735 selected articles. A quick search by title resulted in 347 relevant articles. The search continued based on abstracts and 240 articles were found. Finally, 35 full-text articles were obtained that met the criteria and were approved by all reviewers.

Conclusion:
One of the therapeutic choices for patients with HNC is radiation therapy. Besides having advantages, it can also cause complications in oral and TMJ. The complications include radiation caries, dysphagia, osteoradionecrosis, gustatory disturbances, parotid damage, hyposalivation, xerostomia, nasopharyngeal ulcer, oral candidiasis, periodontal changes, mucous inflammation, pain in the mouth, temporomandibular disorders, and quality of life with health in the oral region. The type of complications is closely according to the kind of cancer, location, and staging; as well as related also to the treatment modality, radiation technique, and oral health maintenance.
Unmasking Fitness in Healthy Adults Versus Hypertensives Through Cardiorespiratory Responses to Treadmill Exercise: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Kothari Ruchi , Vrindavanam Suryadev A. , Emandi Alekhya , Vakamullu Rashmita , Kanthamneni Mohana , Vemparala Sai S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its impact on cardiorespiratory fitness is significant. This study aims to compare the cardiorespiratory responses to treadmill exercise between healthy adults and hypertensive individuals to evaluate the fitness differences between these two groups.

Methodology:
This case-control study included 100 participants, 50 hypertensive patients, and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent a standardized treadmill exercise test, during which heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were measured. The primary outcomes were the differences in heart rate response, systolic blood pressure, and VO2 max between the two groups.

Results:
The hypertensive group exhibited significantly higher resting heart rates and systolic blood pressure than the healthy controls (P < 0.01). During exercise, hypertensives showed a blunted heart rate response and lower VO2 max, indicating reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. Recovery time post-exercise was also prolonged in the hypertensive group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study highlights significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness between healthy adults and hypertensive individuals. Hypertensives demonstrate reduced exercise capacity, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular health in this population.
Sonographic and Doppler Evaluation of Carotid Artery in Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals
Authors: Kaur Harsha , Ranjan Rajeev K. , Xalxo Anima R. , Rai Nisha , Toppo Suresh K. , Kumari Arti , Kumari Rashmi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Evaluating arterial distensibility can be inconsistent, but the resistive index (RI) measured by Doppler ultrasound is effective in assessing vascular resistance. IMT and RI are valuable in atherosclerosis evaluation.

Methodology:
A structured case sheet captured clinical history, physical examination findings, and investigation results. Each participant underwent a bilateral carotid Doppler examination. Group A (100 hypertensive subjects) and Group B (100 normotensive subjects) included individuals aged 40–55 years.

Results:
When we looked at the intima–media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery in normotensive people, the mean value was 0.49 mm on the right side and 0.50 mm on the left side. Their resistive index (RI) was 0.56 on both sides. On the other hand, hypertensive individuals had an IMT of 0.97 mm on the right side and 0.96 mm on the left side, with an RI of 0.78 on both sides. It was noted that both IMT and RI were significantly higher in patients with hypertension in comparison to those with normal blood pressure.

Conclusion:
The results depicted a statistically significant increase in both IMT and RI measurements in hypertensive subjects as opposed to normotensive ones, consistent with the conclusions of various Indian and international studies.
Investigations of the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Different Disinfection Protocols Against Endodontic Pathogens in Root Canal Systems
Authors: Chohan Hitesh , Khullar Sanjana , Patel Ria H , Rath Jyotirmayee , Mohammed Sameera , Subramani Savadamoorthi Kamatchi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser, ozone therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and sodium hypochlorite against endodontic pathogens.

Methods:
Standardized root canal models inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were treated with Er: YAG laser, 5.25% NaOCl, ozone, or PDT with methylene blue. Microbial loads, treatment time, and depth of penetration were assessed.

Results:
Er: YAG laser demonstrated the highest efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by PDT. Effects on Candida albicans were not statistically significant across treatments. Er: YAG achieved the greatest depth of penetration, while PDT required the longest application time.

Conclusions:
Laser and photodynamic therapies show promise as alternatives to traditional chemical disinfection in endodontics, potentially improving treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize these protocols for clinical use.
Evaluation of the Bond Strength, Durability, and Enamel Demineralization Potential of Orthodontic Adhesives on Bracket Bonding
Authors: Hotchandani Kamal Dhruvkumar , Anamika Anamika , Manimegalan Priya , Singh Johar Rajvinder , Pandey Harsh , Chaudhary Varunjeet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of incorporating titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) into orthodontic primers on shear bond strength (SBS), bond durability, and enamel demineralization potential compared to conventional adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 120 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups (n = 40 each): Group A (Resin-based, Transbond XT), Group B (Glass ionomer-based, Fuji Ortho LC), and Group C (2 Wt.% TiF4-containing modified Transbond XT system). Standard edgewise premolar brackets were bonded to the teeth. Half of each group underwent immediate SBS testing, while the remaining specimens were thermocycled before testing. The Adhesive Remnant index was assessed post-debonding. Enamel demineralization was evaluated using quantitative light-induced fluorescence before bonding and after debonding.

Results:
Group C exhibited the highest mean SBS values both immediately (19.5 MPa) and after thermocycling (17.9 MPa). This group also showed the least enamel demineralization.

Conclusions:
The incorporation of 2 Wt.% TiF4 into the orthodontic primer resulted in improved bond strength and reduced enamel demineralization compared to conventional adhesive systems.
Impact of Tobacco Use on Oral Cancer Incidence among Women in Urban Slums: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Wakhle Sonal , Roy Bireswar , Vashisth Diwakar , Dupare Aditya S. , Laddha Rashmi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral cancer represents a significant global health burden, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in developing countries like India. Urban slums, characterized by socioeconomic challenges and limited access to healthcare, are particularly susceptible. This study aimed to examine the association between tobacco use, a well-established risk factor, and the incidence of oral cancer among women residing in these underserved communities.

Methods:
A case-control study was conducted, involving 300 women from urban slums: 150 cases diagnosed with oral cancer within the past year and 150 controls without a history of the disease. Data were collected through structured interviews, encompassing tobacco use habits (type, frequency, and duration), sociodemographic factors, and oral hygiene practices. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, were employed to assess the association between tobacco use and oral cancer risk.

Results:
The study revealed a strong association between tobacco use and oral cancer among women in urban slums. The prevalence of tobacco use, particularly smokeless tobacco, was significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Smokeless tobacco use and smoking emerged as independent risk factors for oral cancer. Lower educational attainment was also identified as an independent risk factor, underscoring the influence of socioeconomic disadvantages on disease susceptibility.

Conclusion:
This study provides compelling evidence linking tobacco use to a heightened risk of oral cancer among women in urban slums. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including health education, access to cessation programs, and addressing socioeconomic disparities, to mitigate the burden of oral cancer in this vulnerable population. The study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive and effective preventive measures to combat oral cancer in underserved communities.
Evaluation of Mandibular Buccal Shelf Area for Mini Screw Placement in Different Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Pattern: A CBCT Study
Authors: Abhijith A , Sahu Anshu , Ranjan Raghu , Roy Shovan , Priya Parul , Goswami Monalisa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The continuous evolution in orthodontics introduces innovative materials and methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Among these advancements, orthodontic anchorage screws, particularly miniscrews, have revolutionized treatments by offering diverse nonsurgical solutions for managing space discrepancies and certain skeletal malocclusions. The success of miniscrews is influenced by various factors including patient-related factors (age, sex, skeletal pattern, and oral hygiene), miniscrew-related factors (diameter, length, shape), and treatment-related factors (technique, applied forces, and insertion site).

Materials and Methods:
This study used Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the mandibular buccal shelf area for miniscrew placement across different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in 63 subjects, categorized based on the ANB angle and Jarabak ratio into Class I, II, III, and horizontal, average, and vertical growth patterns, respectively. Measurements were taken at specific sites related to the mandibular first and second molars, focusing on angulation, buccal bone depth (4mm and 6mm from the cementoenamel junction), and buccal bone thickness (6mm and 11mm from the cementoenamel junction).

Results:
There were no significant statistical differences in any measurement between the right and left hemiarches. The values for the bone around the distal root of the mandibular second molar were significantly greater than the other values. With regard to Sagittal Skeletal Pattern, Class I cases showed greater values as compared to Class II and Class III with a significant difference in the angulation, bone depth, and thickness at 11 mm from CEJ. Although values tended to be greater in patients with horizontal growth pattern, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Mandibular buccal shelf provides an optimal bone site for miniscrew insertion with better osseous characteristics at the distal root of the mandibular second molar. Subjects with skeletal Class I and horizontal growth pattern exhibit the most favorable osseous characteristics in the MBS area. However, in terms of bone thickness at 6 mm from CEJ Class III cases showed significant difference compared to Class I and Class II.
Comparative Evaluation of Subgingivally Delivered Tetracycline Fibers and Aloe Vera Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Thakuria Anurag , Agarwal Swati , Madan Ellora , Sharma Kratee , Fatima Zaby 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Comprehensive mechanical debridement, like scaling and root planing (SRP), combined with proper plaque control, is the primary nonsurgical approach for managing periodontitis. However, it may not always eliminate infection due to inadequate debridement or inaccessible areas. For this, various chemotherapeutic allopathic and herbal local drug delivery (LDD) agents as adjuvants have been used with SRP for management of chronic periodontitis.

Methodology:
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted, comprising 60 sites from 20 patients. Each patient received three treatment modalities assigned to different quadrants SRP with normal saline irrigation, SRP with LDD of tetracycline fibers, and SRP with LDD of 100% pure aloe vera gel. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, day 7, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
The addition of 100% pure aloe vera gel and tetracycline fibers (Periodontal Plus ABTM) with SRP significantly improved the probing pocket depth (P < 0.05) compared to SRP with saline irrigation. Additionally, the tetracycline group showed significant reductions in plaque index (P < 0.05) and highly significant reductions in modified sulcular bleeding index (P < 0.001) compared to the saline group.

Conclusion:
Aloe vera gel with SRP shows comparable effectiveness to tetracycline fibers in managing chronic periodontitis, suggesting it as a cost-effective herbal alternative.
Impact of Implant Angulation on Stress Distribution and Survival Rate of Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Gajbhiye Ojas Anand , Parmar Vishal B. , Begum Fouziya , Hussaini Syed Mehmood , Chandra Sarath , Sonikumari  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental implantology has witnessed substantial progress, particularly with the widespread use of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) for edentulous patients.

Methods:
In this prospective clinical study involving 146 adult participants requiring implant-supported FDPs, a randomized allocation placed individuals into either the control group (ideal angulation) or the experimental group (deviated angulation). A comprehensive investigation unfolded through finite element analysis (FEA), examining biomechanical aspects. This was complemented by thorough clinical assessments and the collection of patient-reported outcomes.

Results:
The application of FEA unveiled a statistically significant increase in the maximum von Mises stress within the experimental group (P = 0.032), suggesting a tangible impact of deviated angulation on stress distribution. However, when transitioning to the clinical realm, the evaluation of implant stability, osseointegration, and prosthetic fit demonstrated no significant differences between the control and experimental groups. Patient-reported outcomes demonstrated no statistically significant differences in comfort, aesthetic satisfaction, or overall satisfaction between the control and experimental groups (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
While finite element analysis identified biomechanical differences associated with deviated implant angulation, these distinctions did not consistently translate into clinically significant variations.
Perception of Ayurveda Postgraduates to the Introduction of Formative Assessment
Authors: Kuchewar Vaishali , Parwe Shweta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Assessment is a key feature of teaching and the curriculum. It has a massive impact on the quality of learning. It is observed that at the postgraduate level, 80% of trainees are not observed, and the remaining were observed not more than once in their three years programme. Current assessment of postgraduate students is at the end of three years. It predominantly assesses the cognitive part and no scope to improve their clinical skills. In view of it, this study was planned to conduct formative assessment for postgraduate students with the help of Mini-CEX and DOPS and to seek their perception.

Methods:
The postgraduate students of Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma were invited voluntarily. Total 24 students (including first, second, and third year) were sensitized about the procedure of Mini-CEX and DOPS. The “encounters” were planned and schedule was displayed with names of student and teacher. The type of case was decided together by teacher and student. Each student was exposed to two Mini-CEX and two DOPS). Specific systemic examination and procedures were selected for Mini-CEX and DOPS, respectively. The time allocated for Mini-CEX and DOPS was as per the type of procedure but usually 15 minutes was allotted to each encounter for observation.

Result:
Overall students’ feedback about formative assessment was positive helping them to identify the gaps in their knowledge, and motivating them to learn.

Conclusion:
Mini-CEX and DOPS were well accepted by students as well as faculties as a formative assessment tool.
Association between Oral Cancer and Smokeless Tobacco Use in Rural Indian Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Chakraborty Ayan , Pidaparthi Aditya , Kaur Gunmeek , Bhatt Sumit , Handa Aishwarya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, particularly gutka and khaini, is a significant public health concern in India, mainly in rural areas. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between SLT use and oral cancer incidence among rural Indian men.

Methods:
A cohort of 300 rural Indian men without a history of oral cancer was recruited and followed for five years. Baseline data on SLT use (type, frequency, and duration) and other risk factors were collected. Annual oral examinations and medical record reviews were conducted to identify incident cases of oral cancer. Incidence rates, relative risks, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated to assess the association between SLT use and oral cancer.

Results:
Among the 300 participants, 185 (61.7%) were SLT users at baseline. During follow-up, 25 incident cases of oral cancer were diagnosed. The incidence rate of oral cancer was significantly higher among SLT users (24.3 per 1,000 person-years) compared to non-users (5.4 per 1,000 person-years). After adjusting for confounders, the HR for oral cancer associated with SLT use was 4.51 (95% CI: 2.03–9.98), indicating a significantly increased risk. A dose–response relationship was observed, with higher frequency and longer duration of SLT use associated with increased risk.

Conclusions:
This study provides strong evidence for a significant association between SLT use and increased risk of oral cancer among rural Indian men. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce SLT use and promote oral cancer awareness in this high-risk population.
A Morphological Study of Assimilation of Atlas Vertebrae and their Clinical Implications in Indian Population
Authors: Sadamate Nishigandha , Vedpathak Ravindra , Chimurkar Vilas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Atlas is the first cervical vertebra. Rarely, does the atlas vertebra fuse with the occipital bone, and this occipitalization of the atlas is known as the assimilation of the atlas. Congenital fusion of the atlas with the occipital bone is the common denominator of a galaxy of skull defects, several examples of bony distortion of the foramen magnum were reported by early anatomists.

Materials and Method:
A total of 210 dry skulls of unknown sex and age from Dr. Rajendra Gode Medical College, Amravati, Department of Anatomy, and various other medical, Dental, and Ayurveda colleges from Amravati were studied. Each skull was carefully observed for variations.

Result:
During the study, we observed Atlanto-occipital assimilation in 2 skulls. One skull showed complete occipitalization and another skull showed partial occipitalization meaning a bifid posterior arch.

Conclusion:
Detection and treatment of this deformity are essential as this deformity often causes cervical spine instability.
Evaluation of surgical strategy for low anterior resection syndrome using preoperative low anterior resection syndrome score in China
Authors: Pan Yang-Tao , Lv Yi-Min , Zhou Shi-Chao , Luo Dan-Yan , Sun Hao , Lao Wei-Feng , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Despite improved survival rates in rectal cancer treatment, many patients experience low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). The preoperative LARS score (POLARS) aims to address the limitations of LARS assessment by predicting outcomes preoperatively to enhance surgical planning.
AIM
To investigate the predictive accuracy of POLARS in assessing the occurrence of LARS.
METHODS
This study enrolled a total of 335 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic low anal sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal tumors. Patients were categorized into three groups according to their POLARS score: no LARS (score 0-20), minor LARS (score 21-29), and major LARS (score 30-42). The QLQ-C30/CR29 scores were compared among these groups, and the agreement between POLARS predictions and the actual LARS scores was analyzed.
RESULTS
The study population was divided into three groups: major LARS (n = 51, 27.42%), minor LARS (n = 109, 58.6%), and no LARS (n = 26, 13.98%). Significant differences in the QLQ-C30 scales of social function, diarrhea, and financial impact were detected between the no LARS and major LARS groups (P < 0.05) and between the minor LARS and major LARS groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, significant differences were detected in the QLQ-CR29 scales for blood and mucus in the stool, fecal incontinence, and stool frequency between the no LARS and minor LARS groups (P < 0.05), as well as between the minor LARS and major LARS groups (P < 0.05). The predictive precision for major LARS using the POLARS score was 82.35% (42/51), with a recall of 35.89% (42/117). The mean absolute error (MAE) between the POLARS score and the actual LARS score was 8.92 ± 5.47. In contrast, the XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) model achieved a lower MAE of 6.29 ± 4.77, with a precision of 84.39% and a recall of 74.05% for predicting major LARS.
CONCLUSION
The POLARS score demonstrated effectiveness and precision in predicting major LARS, thereby providing valuable insights into postoperative symptoms and patient quality of life. However, the XGBoost model exhibited superior performance with a lower MAE and higher recall for predicting major LARS compared to the POLARS model.