bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspect and non-target screening of chemicals in clothing textiles by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Carlsson Josefine , Iadaresta Francesco , Eklund Jonas , Avagyan Rozanna , Östman Conny , Nilsson Ulrika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global manufacturing of clothing is usually composed of multistep processes, which include a large number of chemicals. However, there is generally no information regarding the chemical content remaining in the finished clothes. Clothes in close and prolonged skin contact may thus be a significant source of daily human exposure to hazardous compounds depending on their ability to migrate from the textiles and be absorbed by the skin. In the present study, twenty-four imported garments on the Swedish market were investigated with respect to their content of organic compounds, using a screening workflow. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization/high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for both suspect and non-target screening. The most frequently detected compound was benzothiazole followed by quinoline. Nitroanilines with suspected mutagenic and possible skin sensitization properties, and quinoline, a carcinogenic compound, were among the compounds occurring at the highest concentrations. In some garments, the level of quinoline was estimated to be close to or higher than 50,000 ng/g, the limit set by the REACH regulation. Other detected compounds were acridine, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, phthalates, nitrophenols, and organophosphates. Several of the identified compounds have logPand molecular weight values enabling skin uptake. This pilot study indicates which chemicals and compound classes should be prioritized for future quantitative surveys and control of the chemical content in clothing as well as research on skin transfer, skin absorption, and systemic exposure. The results also show that the current control and prevention from chemicals in imported garments on the Swedish market is insufficient.Graphical abstract
Effect of routine preoperative screening for aortic calcifications using noncontrast computed tomography on stroke rate in cardiac surgery: the randomized controlled CRICKET study
Authors: Knol Wiebe G. , Simon Judit , Den Harder Annemarie M. , Bekker Margreet W. A. , Suyker Willem J. L. , de Heer Linda M. , de Jong Pim A. , Leiner Tim , Merkely Béla , Pólos Miklós , Krestin Gabriel P. , Boersma Eric , Koudstaal Peter J. , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Budde Ricardo P. J. ,   on behalf of the CRICKET investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate if routine screening for aortic calcification using unenhanced CT lowers the risk of stroke and alters the surgical approach in patients undergoing general cardiac surgery compared with standard of care (SoC).MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery from September 2014 to October 2019 were randomized 1:1 into two groups: SoC alone, including chest radiography, vs. SoC plus preoperative noncontrast CT. The primary endpoint was in-hospital perioperative stroke. Secondary endpoints were preoperative change of the surgical approach, in-hospital mortality, and postoperative delirium. The trial was halted halfway for expected futility, as the conditional power analysis showed a chance < 1% of finding the hypothesized effect.ResultsA total of 862 patients were evaluated (SoC-group: 433 patients (66 ± 11 years; 74.1% male) vs. SoC + CT-group: 429 patients (66 ± 10 years; 69.9% male)). The perioperative stroke rate (SoC + CT: 2.1%, 9/429 vs. SoC: 1.2%, 5/433,p = 0.27) and rate of changed surgical approach (SoC + CT: 4.0% (17/429) vs. SoC: 2.8% (12/433,p = 0.35) did not differ between groups. In-hospital mortality and postoperative delirium were comparable between groups. In the SoC + CT group, aortic calcification was observed on CT in the ascending aorta in 28% (108/380) and in the aortic arch in 70% (265/379).ConclusionsPreoperative noncontrast CT in cardiac surgery candidates did not influence the surgical approach nor the incidence of perioperative stroke compared with standard of care. Aortic calcification is a frequent finding on the CT scan in these patients but results in major surgical alterations to prevent stroke in only few patients.Key Points•Aortic calcification is a frequent finding on noncontrast computed tomography prior to cardiac surgery.•Routine use of noncontrast computed tomography does not often lead to a change of the surgical approach, when compared to standard of care.•No effect was observed on perioperative stroke after cardiac surgery when using routine noncontrast computed tomography screening on top of standard of care.
Parents’ experiences of initiation of paediatric advance care planning discussions: a qualitative study
Authors: Carr Karen , Hasson Felicity , McIlfatrick Sonja , Downing Julia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvance care planning enables parents to discuss their goal and wishes for the future treatment and care of their life-limited or life-threatened child. Whilst research has identified the barriers clinicians face to initiate such discussions, the views of the parents have received scant attention. This qualitative study, using reflexive thematic analysis, aimed to explore parents’ experience of the initiation of their child’s advance care planning discussions, to help provide an understanding to inform future practice. Single interviews were undertaken with 17 non-bereaved and bereaved parents. Parents reported they had engaged with future thinking but needed time before initiating this with clinicians. They identified the need for a trusted professional and time for private, thorough, non-judgemental discussion without feeling clinicians were ‘giving up’. Parents reported that advance care planning discussions were not always aligned to the dynamics of family life. They felt that health professionals were responsible for initiating advance planning conversations according to the families’ individual requirements. There was an apparent lack of standardised protocols to assist paediatric advance care planning discussion initiation.Conclusion: Initiating advance care planning is a complicated process that needs to be tailored to the specific parent and child situation. Health professionals need to appreciate that parents are key contributors to initiate engagement with advance care planning discussions but that they also require support and care, recognising this may facilitate the building of trust, identified as a key corner stone, of paediatric advance care planning initiation and engagement.

What is Known:• In paediatric palliative care, parents are challenged with wanting to sustain hope whilst thinking and planning for their child’s end of life. Paediatric advance care planning discussions are often delayed or avoided and triggered by physical deterioration.

What is New:• Previous relationship with HCP not essential but parental trust of the HCP is fundamental to Paediatric advance care planning initiation engagement. To build mutual trust health professionals’ approach needs to be professional, respectful and empathetic to the parent and child’s situation.• Subtle paediatric advance care planning parent initiation preparation by HCP is often unnoticed by parents but may be the crux of empowering parents to initiate advance care planning conversations themselves as they need to feel a sense of regaining control before planning ahead.
Phase Transitions in Rate Distortion Theory and Deep Learning
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Klotz Andreas , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRate distortion theory is concerned with optimally encoding signals from a given signal class $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
using a budget of R bits, as $$R \rightarrow \infty $$

R
→
∞

. We say that $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
can be compressed at rates if we can achieve an error of at most $$\mathcal {O}(R^{-s})$$

O
(

R

-
s

)

for encoding the given signal class; the supremal compression rate is denoted by $$s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
∗

(
S
)

. Given a fixed coding scheme, there usually are some elements of $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
that are compressed at a higher rate than $$s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
∗

(
S
)

by the given coding scheme; in this paper, we study the size of this set of signals. We show that for certain “nice” signal classes $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
, a phase transition occurs: We construct a probability measure $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
on $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
such that for every coding scheme $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
and any $$s > s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
>

s
∗

(
S
)

, the set of signals encoded with error $$\mathcal {O}(R^{-s})$$

O
(

R

-
s

)

by $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
forms a $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
-null-set. In particular, our results apply to all unit balls in Besov and Sobolev spaces that embed compactly into $$L^2 (\varOmega )$$

L
2

(
Ω
)

for a bounded Lipschitz domain $$\varOmega $$
Ω
. As an application, we show that several existing sharpness results concerning function approximation using deep neural networks are in fact generically sharp. In addition, we provide quantitative and non-asymptotic bounds on the probability that a random $$f\in \mathcal {S}$$

f
∈
S

can be encoded to within accuracy $$\varepsilon $$
ε
using R bits. This result is subsequently applied to the problem of approximately representing $$f\in \mathcal {S}$$

f
∈
S

to within accuracy $$\varepsilon $$
ε
by a (quantized) neural network with at most W nonzero weights. We show that for any $$s > s^*(\mathcal {S})$$

s
>

s
∗

(
S
)

there are constants c, C such that, no matter what kind of “learning” procedure is used to produce such a network, the probability of success is bounded from above by $$\min \big \{1, 2^{C\cdot W \lceil \log _2 (1+W) \rceil ^2 - c\cdot \varepsilon ^{-1/s}} \big \}$$

min

{

1
,

2

C
·
W

⌈

log
2

(
1
+
W
)

⌉

2

-
c
·

ε

-
1
/
s

}

.
Motivational regulation strategies, academic self-concept, and cognitive learning strategies of university students: does academic self-concept play an interactive role?
Authors: Lohbeck Annette , Moschner Barbara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the specific relations between five motivational regulation strategies (i.e., interest enhancement, environmental control, self-consequating, performance self-talk, mastery self-talk), academic self-concept, and three cognitive learning strategies (i.e., organization, elaboration, rehearsal) of 415 university students. A total of n = 238 students were in the first year of their university program, while n = 178 students were in the mid-term of their university program. Results of correlation analysis revealed that all five motivational regulation strategies were positively related to the three cognitive learning strategies. In contrast, regression analysis showed that organization was only significantly linked to interest enhancement, self-consequating, and performance self-talk, while elaboration was only significantly linked to self-consequating, and rehearsal was only significantly linked to interest enhancement and performance self-talk. Academic self-concept proved to interact with interest enhancement in predicting elaboration. Furthermore, the measurement separability of the three constructs (i.e., motivational regulation strategies, academic self-concept, cognitive learning strategies) and measurement invariance across sample for the five motivational regulation strategies were also supported.
Distinct Biological Motion Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Foglia Victoria , Siddiqui Hasan , Khan Zainab , Liang Stephanie , Rutherford M. D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIf neurotypical people rely on specialized perceptual mechanisms when perceiving biological motion, then one would not expect an association between task performance and IQ. However, if those with ASD recruit higher order cognitive skills when solving biological motion tasks, performance may be predicted by IQ. In a meta-analysis that included 19 articles, we found an association between biological motion perception and IQ among observers with ASD but no significant relationship among typical observers. If the task required emotion perception, then there was an even stronger association with IQ in the ASD group.
Fair Teachers, Fair Police? Assessing the Pathways between Perceptions of Teacher and Police Authority in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Nivette Amy , Obsuth Ingrid , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExisting research has shown that the quality of the relationship between teacher and child is associated with more positive perceptions of school authorities. There has been relatively less attention to the processes that connect attitudes towards different sources of authority, such as between teachers and police. The current study uses a counterfactual approach to estimate the direct and indirect effects of teacher–child relationships on children’s later perceptions of police legitimacy. Using data from a longitudinal study of youth in Zurich, Switzerland, this study applies non-bipartite propensity score matching to identify matched pairs (n = 232 pairs, 55% male) of children with better versus worse relationships with their teacher at age 11 following a teacher change. Matched pairs were then compared on potential mediators (moral norms about deviant behavior and low self-control) at age 13 and perceptions of police legitimacy at age 15. The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of the relationships between students and teachers in shaping young people’s interpersonal characteristics as well as perceptions of the world around them. Namely, if young people feel that they are being treated fairly by their teachers, they are more likely to distinguish behaviors that are right or wrong (moral norms) and control their actions (self-control). Moreover, as a result they are also more likely to perceive authorities such as police as legitimate agents that facilitate societal order.
Communities of ectoparasitic arthropods associated with the root vole Microtus oeconomus in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Karbowiak Grzegorz , Stanko Michal , Rychlik Leszek , Werszko Joanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEctoparasitic arthropods communities associated with root voles Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776) were analysed in north-eastern Poland. The first M. oeconomus parasites recorded in the history were the fleas Palaeopsylla similis Dampf, Ctenophthalmus congerer Rothschild, C. bisoctodentatus Kolenati, and C. solutus Jordan et Rothschild. Ctenophthalmus uncinatus (Wagner) and Doratopsylla dasycnema (Rothschild) fleas and the Ixodes apronophorus Schulze tick were recorded on M. oeconomus in Poland for the first time. These species are relatively rare in Poland and specific to other species of small mammals. The incidence of M. oeconomus infestations with I. apronophorus, D. dasycnema and C. uncinatus ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 %, respectively. There are large differences in the infestation of Dermacentor reticulatus larvae and nymphs between July and August. In July, D. reticulatus may be considered the dominant ectoparasite species, in August, it is partly replaced by I. ricinus and fleas and is subdominant.
Molecular Indicators of Biomaterials Osteoinductivity - Cell Migration, BMP Production and Signalling Turns a Key
Authors: Łukowicz Krzysztof , Zagrajczuk Barbara , Wieczorek Jarosław , Millan-Ciesielska Katarzyna , Polkowska Izabela , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Osyczka Anna M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work we dissected the osteoinductive properties of selected, PLGA-based scaffolds enriched with gel-derived bioactive glasses (SBGs) of either binary SiO2-CaO or ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system, differing in CaO/SiO2 ratio (i.e. high -or low-calcium SBGs). To assess the inherent ability of the scaffolds to induce osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), the study was designed to avoid any osteogenic stimuli beyond the putative osteogenic SBG component of the studied scaffolds. The bioactivity and porosity of scaffolds were confirmed by SBF test and porosimetry. Condition media (CM) from BMSC-loaded scaffolds exhibited increased Ca and decreased P content corresponding to SBGs CaO/SiO2 ratio, whereas Si content was relatively stable and overall lower in CM from scaffolds containing binary SBGs. CM from cell-loaded scaffolds containing high-calcium, binary SBGs promoted migration of BMSC and BMP-response in reporter osteoblast cell line. BMSC culture on these scaffolds or the ones containing ternary, low-calcium SBGs resulted in the activation of BMP-related signaling and expression of several osteogenic markers. Ectopic bone formation was induced by scaffolds containing binary SBGs, but high-calcium ones produced significantly more osteoid. Scaffolds containing ternary SBGs negatively influenced the expression of osteogenic transcription factors and Cx43, involved in cell-cell interactions. High-calcium scaffolds stimulated overall higher Cx43 expression. We believe the initial cell-cell communication may be crucial to induce and maintain osteogenesis and high BMP signaling on the studied scaffolds. The presented scaffolds’ biological properties may also constitute new helpful markers to predict osteoinductive potential of other bioactive implant materials.
Graphical Abstract
Assessing the impact of energy efficiency measures on load diagram shape—a case study in the Portuguese residential sector
Authors: Sousa José Luís , Martins António Gomes , da Costa Rodrigo Luiz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper intends to address the effect of energy efficiency and load management measures on load diagrams. In order to assess this specific impact, diagrams of load variations caused by energy efficiency measures are proposed. A case study is used to illustrate the effects of energy efficiency measures implemented under the Portuguese plan for the promotion of efficient electricity use (PPEC). The diagrams of load variations were estimated for measures targeting the residential sector which were approved in the six PPEC editions launched until presently. The measures were grouped according to the targeted energy service. The results of this case study indicate that energy distribution operators can change their load diagram by implementing energy efficiency measures in consumer dwellings, with demand reduction at critical periods. It is shown that energy efficiency in lighting measures can help smoothen the evening demand peak at 10 p.m. On the other hand, the effect of hot water measures, although beneficial in terms of energy saving, may increase the negative power gradient occurring at 9 a.m. due to photovoltaic generation under clear sky conditions. Diagrams of load variations can help to estimate the impact of energy efficiency measures on the network load diagram and can give important information for decision support to the distribution system operator, the utilities, and the energy regulator.
Thermal energy reduction in sanitary-ware industry by heat-recovering thermal engineering technologies
Authors: Cuviella-Suárez Carlos , Colmenar-Santos Antonio , Borge-Diez David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ceramic industry manufacturing requires a great amount of thermal energy. Its sustainability and environmental impact demand an effort to develop more efficient technologies to reduce the consumption of fuel, mainly natural gas. In particular, the sanitary-ware production sector presents a defined special map of consumption through the manufacturing process because of the heat amounts and thermal levels of temperature. The aim of this research is to quantify the potential reduction of fuel consumption within a standard factory of sanitary-ware articles. The scope of it covers the main gas consumers, namely, kilns, dryers, heating units, or boilers. The method is based in a simulation of the process by modeling the thermophysics of the consumers, then plotting the heat recovery from one to another in order to save natural gas input. The research shows how the thermal requirement would be cut by almost a half within the factory consumption. It is consequently concluded that efficiency, environmental impact, and sustainability of this industrial sector would be improved, so as the global economy related with a potential growth of this industry, mainly in developing countries.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

Thermal consumption reduction in a sanitary-ware factory is presented and validated.

Heat recovery from kilns provides thermal energy for the rest of the thermal consumers.

Energy management accounting as an extension to environmental management accounting is provided.

The proposed method produces reductions of resources and economic improvements.
Injection-production optimization of fault-karst reservoir—considering high-speed non-Darcy effect
Authors: Li Boying , Zhou Yuhui , Li Su , Ye Yiping , Liu Hongfa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFault-karst reservoirs are featured by complex geological characteristics, and accurate and fast simulation of such kind of reservoirs using traditional simulator and simulation methods is pretty hard. Herein, we tried to discrete the complex fault-karst structures into one-dimensional connected units connecting the well, fracture and cave based on reservoir static physical parameters and injection-production dynamics. Two characteristic parameters, conductivity and connected volume, are proposed to characterize the inter-well connectivity and material basis. Meanwhile, the high-speed non-Darcy seepage term is introduced into the material balance equations for well-fracture-cave connected units to describe the actual seepage characteristics within the fault-karst reservoirs, and to better simulate the oil/water production dynamics. Based on this method, a fracture reservoir model of 1 injection-3 production was established. The change of oil–water action law in different injection and extraction systems under two production regimes of fixed production rate and fixed pressure is analyzed. A case study was conducted on S fault zone, where the flow of oil and gas did not follow the Darcy seepage rule and with a β value of 103–104, the single well flow pressure and oil production were perfectly matched with the real data. In addition, connected units with more prominent high-speed non-Darcy features were found to have better connectivity, which might shed light on the more accurate prediction of inter-well connectivity. Moreover, an improved injection-production well pattern and was proposed based on connectivity prediction model and reservoir engineering method to solve the problems of insufficient natural energy supply and overhigh oil production rate in Block S. Furthermore, the injection/production rate as well as the timing and cycle of water injection was predicted and optimized so as to better guide to site operations.
The geometry of the Wigner caustic and a decomposition of a curve into parallel arcs
Authors: Domitrz Wojciech , Zwierzyński Michał 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study global properties of the Wigner caustic of parameterized closed planar curves. We find new results on its geometry and singular points. In particular, we consider the Wigner caustic of rosettes, i.e. regular closed parameterized curves with non-vanishing curvature. We present a decomposition of a curve into parallel arcs to describe smooth branches of the Wigner caustic. By this construction we can find the number of smooth branches, the rotation number, the number of inflexion points and the parity of the number of cusp singularities of each branch. We also study the global properties of the Wigner caustic on shell (the branch of the Wigner caustic connecting two inflexion points of a curve). We apply our results to whorls—the important object to study the dynamics of a quantum particle in the optical lattice potential.