bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Royals and Rebels
Authors: Atwal Priya 
Published: January 2021

In late-eighteenth-century India, the glory of the Mughal emperors was fading, and ambitious newcomers seized power, changing the political map forever. Enter the legendary Maharajah Ranjit Singh, whose Sikh Empire stretched throughout northwestern India into Afghanistan and Tibet.
Priya Atwal shines fresh light on this long-lost kingdom, looking beyond its founding father to restore the queens and princes to the story of this empire’s spectacular rise and fall. She brings to life a self-made ruling family, inventively fusing Sikh, Mughal and European ideas of power, but eventually succumbing to gendered family politics, as the Sikh Empire fell to its great rival in the new India: the British.
Royals and Rebels is a fascinating tale of family, royalty and the fluidity of power, set in a dramatic global era when new stars rose and upstart empires clashed.
Peaceful Purposes for the Benefit of All Mankind
Authors: Blount P.J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that the Outer Space Treaty contains, in addition to its legal content, ethical content. The chapter then analyzes the text of the treaty to reveal this ethical content and connect it to the twin goals of the peaceful uses of outer space (found in international space law) and the maintenance of international peace and security (found in general international law). The analysis contends that, while the ethical content of the Outer Space Treaty does not create hard legal obligations, it does inform the nature of the legal content of the norms set out by the treaty. Finally, this chapter will also evaluate how the ethics deployed by the treaty have fared in the contemporary geopolitical context.
U.S. Space Dominance
Authors: Johnson-Freese Joan , Smith Kenneth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the ethical implications of the United States trying to achieve “space dominance” as part of an increasingly muscular U.S. “space warfare is inevitable” outlook. The methodology used in the analysis is drawn from Santa Clara University’s Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, using utilitarian, rights, fairness, common good, virtue, and technology considerations as ethical decision-making lenses. Additionally, the chapter examines space dominance as a function of time and contractarianism. It concludes that the U.S. pursuit of space dominance appears to stem mostly from fear and self-interest, and that a better approach would be to shift more closely to honor and self-interest by pursuing more balance between military readiness and assiduous diplomacy. There is, however, no evidence that the latter approach is being considered.
The Legal Challenge of Arms Control in Space
Authors: Su Jinyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The research and development, testing, production, storage, and deployment of antisatellite weapons (ASATs) is limited directly by the law of space arms control and indirectly by the law of environmental protection. The former only prohibits the testing and deployment of ASATs in a partial manner, with conventional space-based ASATs and ground-based ASATs unaddressed. The latter may constrain the right to test and use ASATs, by limiting their exterior impact on the environment and/or their potential interference with others’ activities. While the law of environmental protection is complementary to the law of space arms control in protecting the space environment from damage caused by military activities, to address the core issue of space security lies in the strengthening of space arms control itself.
Prominent Security Risks Stemming from Space Hybrid Operations
Authors: Robinson Jana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To date, discussions concerning hybrid threats have been almost exclusively focused on the terrestrial and maritime domains, and space has been largely excluded from such international exchanges. This is despite the fact that, for the most part, the same actors, mindsets, and techniques are presently in play in the space domain as well. Moreover, hybrid operations conducted by adversaries in any of these domains have the potential to negate critical space systems. This chapter seeks to provide a better understanding of this complex new issue area for space and help identify and implement a more informed security policy framework. It suggests that strengthened resilience and deterrence, including through cross-domain response options, is required to protect against these space hybrid operations and the critical benefits and capabilities they target.
A Proposed Transparency Measure as a Step Toward Space Arms Control
Authors: Doucet Gilles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes a multilateral transparency measure requiring “notification of transfer of kinetic energy to an object in Earth orbit.” This proposed transparency and confidence-building measure would address a number of stumbling blocks in space arms control, such defining weapon in outer space and the challenges of verification, and offers the potential of easing tensions, increasing trust, and achieving a more secure space operating environment. This TCBM is based on behavior and the transparency will assist in differentiating commercial/civil R&D from military activities in the emerging fields of on-orbit servicing and active debris removal. This measure would make it more difficult for States to surreptitiously develop antisatellite weapons, and may also reduce the perceived need for such capability.
Mongolia: After Successful Containment, Challenges Remain
Authors: Krusekopf Charles , Jargalsaikhan Mendee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Mongolia’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Mongolia was highly successful in containing Covid-19 and preventing community outbreaks. It worked closely and successfully with neighbouring countries and international organizations such as the World Health Organization to develop and implement public health measures and testing. Moreover, Mongolia was one of the first countries to close its borders; quick and successful actions by the government to shut schools and businesses, restrict social gatherings, and ban international arrivals allowed the country to self-isolate and avoid a larger outbreak. This self-isolation, however, presents challenges in maintaining economic functioning as the country is highly dependent on imports of many consumer products and exports of natural resources. In May of 2020, the country started to move ahead with plans to reopen some businesses; trade with China started to resume to allow the export of key commodities such as coal and copper, but longer-term challenges remained due to high internal and external debt levels, continued international travel and trade restrictions, and the global economic slowdown.
The Early Twelfth-Century Perspective in English Historical Writing
Authors: Garnett George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 explains why, about 40 years after the Conquest, a number of English monastic historians tried to construct the first histories of England to be written since Bede’s Ecclesiastical History. According to William of Malmesbury, English historical writing has been a chain broken at Bede’s death. The sudden initiative to mend that chain at the beginning of the twelfth century was prompted by the need, consequent on the Conquest, to validate title to ecclesiastical land and to authenticate the claims of English saints to sanctity. The chapter argues that the wholesale rebuilding of major English churches in the half century after the Conquest also played a key part. It explains why most of the historians were precentors (or cantors) of their institutions. By examining in detail their treatment of the Conquest itself, it shows how they connected post-Conquest England with what had preceded it. The effect was to create a continuous history of England which transcended the Conquest.
The Preservation of the Sources for English Medieval History in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Garnett George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 opens with two events which took place in the summer of 1568: the commission to Archbishop Matthew Parker to identify and record manuscripts dispersed from monastic libraries, especially books with a bearing on English history, and the publication of William Lambarde’s APXAIONOMIA, his edition of Old English law, much of it in parallel text, Old English and Latin. The chapter then reverts to the dissolution itself, and who can be shown to have saved which particular books. It pays particular attention to the activities of John Leland, John Bale, and certain bibliophilic royal commissioners, most notably Sir John Prise. Although initial official interest in English history concentrated on the period of the conversion and before, collectors saved the great works of the twelfth century, and it was these that Prise envisaged in his will should be edited and printed. The chapter then considers the circle around Parker, most particularly John Joscelyn, and the use they made of the medieval English histories in their polemical works on ecclesiastical history. Parker’s editions of Matthew Paris were the first works of medieval English historiography to be printed, probably on account of Matthew’s anti-papal instincts. In counterpoint with all this concern for the sources, the chapter also addresses the Italian Polydore Vergil’s recently published and influential attempt to write up English medieval history, for the period in question largely on the basis of the great histories of the early twelfth century.
Elizabethan Study of Old English Law and Its Post-Conquest Endorsement
Authors: Garnett George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chapter 9 focuses on the second great achievement of 1568: the publication of William Lambarde’s edition of many Old English law codes, and two of the post-Conquest apocryphal confirmations of them, viz a code attributed to William I (Willelmi Articuli) and the Leges Edwardi Confessoris. The edition is shown to have been as much the achievement of Lambarde’s sometime tutor, Laurence Nowell, as of Lambarde. Their study of different medieval manuscripts is reconstructed, and their selection of materials for inclusion (and exclusion) is explained. The edition was heavily influenced by both a twelfth-century amplified version of Quadripartitus which had come into the hands of Archbishop Matthew Parker (and later passed into those of Sir Edward Coke), and by the London Collection of the Leges Anglorum. Both have been continuous threads running through this book since Chapter 3. This chapter makes extensive use of Nowell’s manuscript transcriptions and studies, which have hitherto been largely ignored. It also examines the manuscript collection of William Fleetwood, an MP with interest in English legal history, and of other members of the newly founded Society of Antiquaries, in particular Francis Tate and Robert Cotton. Lambarde’s other publication, notably his Archeion, are also briefly examined for their treatment of the Conquest, as are the two editions of Holinshed’s Chronicles. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the renewed interest late in Elizabeth’s reign in Magna Carta and Modus tenendi parliamentum, both of which had implications for understanding of the Conquest.
Three Theological Objections
Authors: Wood William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe book begins with three very brief chapters that collectively introduce the work as a whole. Chapter 2 discusses three common theological objections to analytic theology: the objections from history, mystery, and practice. The objection from history argues that analytic theology does not take history or historical contingency seriously enough. Sometimes, this objection takes an even more direct form: analytic theologians are simply ignorant of the history of doctrine, and of historical sources more generally. According to the objection from mystery, analytic theology falters because it is not well suited for grappling with the mystery and paradox that lie at the heart of the Christian faith. The objection from practice holds that analytic theology is spiritually sterile and therefore not really a form of genuine theology at all. Although they all have some purchase, these three objections do not finally succeed as objections to analytic theology as such, though they may apply to individual analytic theologians. I outline the argument of Part III, which calls for a more “theological analytic theology,” and defends analytic theology from a nest of connected objections that all concern idolatry.
A Theology of Analytic Reason
Authors: Wood William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPart III calls for a more theological analytic theology and defends analytic theology from some common theological objections. Chapter 6 argues that the Christian doctrine of creation furnishes a warrant for analytic theology. The doctrine of creation gives us good reason to value theology as such, traditionally understood as faith seeking understanding. So the only real question is whether analytic theology counts as a legitimate way for those with faith to seek understanding. This question resolves into the practical question of whether analytic theology really can help us distinguish theological truth from theological falsehood. The answer to this question is: sometimes, but not always.
On “Theistic Personalism”
Authors: Wood William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPart III calls for a more theological analytic theology and defends analytic theology from some common theological objections. Chapter 9 considers worries about “theistic personalism,” and the charge that the God that emerges from analytic theology is still too limited and anthropomorphic to be the God of the Christian faith. According to critics, treating God as a person, even the greatest conceivable person, is equivalent to treating God as a very exalted creature. Analytic theologians have a variety of ways to avoid this charge. When properly understood, analytic perfect being theology is a way of affirming the creator/creature distinction, not a way of effacing it.
Conclusion
Authors: Wood William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor all their differences, contemporary theologians and scholars of religion typically endorse the “postsecular consensus,” which holds that “the religious” and “the secular” are specifically Christian-theological constructions that emerged together, in early modernity. Analytic theology stands in a complicated relationship to the postsecular consensus. Analytic theology is a modern form of inquiry, and that is why it can flourish in the secular university, which continues to enforce modern intellectual norms. Yet analytic theology is not exclusively or deleteriously modern, and that is why it can also count as fully theological. These two claims pull together several strands of argument found across the book as a whole, and so they serve as its fitting conclusion.
Freedom from Violence and Exploitation
Authors: Fenton-Glynn Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to violence against, and exploitation of, children. It considers the extensive case law of the Court surrounding corporal punishment (in judicial settings, in schools, and in the home), as well as the positive obligation on states to protect children from parental child abuse. It also considers the protection provided for children from sexual violence by the Convention, including the requirement of child-sensitive procedures. Finally, it examines the Court’s jurisprudence concerning child marriage, and forced or compulsory labour, servitude, and slavery, particularly in the context of military service and domestic servitude.
Children and the Immigration System
Authors: Fenton-Glynn Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on children and the immigration system. It considers the separation of children and their parents in three contexts: deportation of parents without a right to reside; expulsion of a parent following the commission of a criminal offence; and expulsion of a child following the commission of a criminal offence. It then goes on to analyse the case law on family reunification and the obligation on states to allow children to enter a state where their family is currently residing. Finally, it examines the situation of children in immigration detention—both as unaccompanied minors and where they have been detained with their parents.
Social and Economic Rights
Authors: Fenton-Glynn Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on four social and economic rights which have been invoked in relation to children before the European Court of Human Rights: the right to health care, the right to a healthy environment, the right to property, and the right to social welfare. In relation to health care, it considers issues concerning consent to treatment, immunisation and disease prevention, privacy, and medical negligence. The chapter then examines the issue of abortion, focusing on the status of the unborn children under the Convention, as well as the right to effective access to treatment. The right to a healthy environment is also analysed, although this issue has only been briefly considered in the context of children’s rights. Finally, the child’s right to property, in the context of misuse of property, inheritance rights, and child maintenance are considered, as well as social security and social welfare, including parental leave and allowances, and access to state benefits.
Private Law Child Disputes
Authors: Fenton-Glynn Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the most prolific areas of jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights relates to private law disputes concerning children: the extent of parental authority; custody and residence; access and contact; parental child abduction; as well as the procedural rules that accompany them. This chapter explores how these have come before the Court, and the ways in which children’s rights have been conceptualised, both in the applications themselves and in the Court’s decision-making. It also examines the rules of standing to bring a case on behalf of a child, as well as the right to represent the child before the Court, and argues that the current rules provide inadequate protection for the rights of children.
Adoption
Authors: Fenton-Glynn Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter considers the Court’s jurisprudence in relation to adoption. Starting with adoption by a step-parent, it examines the approach of the Court to dispensing with parental consent, as well as challenges to laws prohibiting adoption by same-sex couples. Next, the chapter turns to adoption in the context of child protection proceedings, examining the substantive and procedural obligations on states and the interpretation of the best interests of the child in this context. The chapter also considers intercountry adoption, including the recognition and enforcement of adoption orders, as well as the involvement of children in decision-making. Finally, the chapter examines eligibility criteria for adoptive parents, focusing particularly on the issues of single-parent adoption and adoption by homosexual individuals.
The New Party Challenge
Authors: Haughton Tim , Deegan-Krause Kevin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Why are there so many new parties? Why do so few of them survive? And why are they appearing and disappearing in so many more countries these days? Based on hundreds of interviews with party leaders, activists and voters and three decades of election results across Europe, The New Party Challenge introduces new tools for mapping and measuring party systems and develops an integrated conceptual framework for analysing the dynamics of party politics, particularly the birth and death of parties. The book charts and explains the patterns of politics in Central Europe since 1989, and then shows how similar processes are at play on a far wider geographical canvas. The repeated breakthroughs of new parties poses multiple challenges: existing parties that must staunch the outflow of disillusioned voters to fresh alternatives, new parties must figure out how to hold on to those new voters in the face of even newer alternatives, and society as a whole must find a way to pursue long-term policies in a political environment where the roster of political actors is constantly changing. The book underlines the importance of agency and choice in explaining the fate of parties, highlights the salience of the clean versus corrupt dimension of politics, charts the flow of voters in the new party subsystem and emphasizes the dimension of time and its role in shaping developments. The book concludes by reflecting on how the emergence of so many short-lived new parties may affect the health and quality of democracy, and what could and should be done.
Health System
Authors: Sin Julie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the visible and ‘behind-the-scenes’ components of health system structures. There is a range of visible structures such as GP practices, hospitals, community health services, and mental health services. They are more visible to the population at large because of their direct association with delivering care and their everyday presence in the community. Behind that layer is a layer to plan and secure health services for populations (commissioning). There have been various formats for doing this over time, for example health authorities, primary care trusts and clinical commissioning group type configurations. This layer aims to distribute available resources across services to reach those in need in an equitable way. The development of this layer, why it or its equivalent is needed, and who commissions what in general, is discussed. The constancy of the population approach, whatever the health service structures of the day, is observed.
Public Health
Authors: Sin Julie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about the terminology and practice of the public health specialty to assist insight into its connections with health services for populations. Public health practice is about considering health at a population level. For orientation, the semantics of the term public health are also discussed as part of aiming for effectiveness of dialogue in this area of health service practice. In the public health specialty there are three core domains of public health practice, and healthcare systems will interact with all three. One of these domains, Healthcare Public Health (HCPH) is particularly relevant to the commissioning of health services. This is concerned with improving health outcomes through health services quality and effectiveness. Its work is an integral part of the commissioning function for health services. All three domains are described for the commissioner’s orientation, namely the work of health improvement, health protection, and healthcare public health.
Evidence Hierarchy
Authors: Sin Julie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter is about making sense of evidence from research studies from a commissioner and evidence-user perspective. A basic evidence hierarchy is described for general orientation to the concept that some study designs are more reliable than others in attempting to understand cause and effect, and there is orientation to the main study types in the hierarchy (randomized trials, cohort and case-control studies, etc.) Clearly it is the overall weight of evidence for a particular course of action that is important, although familiarity with basic concepts of study robustness remains useful in itself for making sense of the many items of evidence that present in everyday practice. The value of evidence from studies addressing non cause and effect type questions (for example seeking understanding about behaviours and beliefs) is discussed. The role of the evidence-user in making use of these concepts and enabling evidence informed practice is also described.