bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten Years of Pediatric Ocular Chemical Burn Experience in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Turkey
Authors: Korkmaz Ilayda , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait , Yagci Ayse , Barut Selver Ozlem 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To report 10 years of pediatric ocular chemical burn experience in a tertiary eye care center in Turkey.

Methods:
Thirty-three patients aged 18 years and younger who presented with ocular chemical burn between 2011 and 2021 were enrolled. Demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients were reviewed. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) stage was assessed according to LSCD working group's staging system. The initial and final best-corrected visual acuities were recorded.

Results:
The mean age was 10.4±5.5 (0.25–18) years with an F/M ratio of 12/21. Eleven (33.3%) of the patients were injured with acid and 5 (15.1%) with alkaline. The most common causative agent was nail polish remover (n=7, 21.2%), followed by cologne (n=5, 15.1%) and hand sanitizer (n=4, 12.1%). The severity of burn was ≥grade 4 in 20 patients (60.6%). Chemical injury resulted in LSCD in 18 patients (54.5%). Surgery was performed (LSCD ≥Stage 2 B) in 13 patients (39.3%); limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) (n=11), staged amniotic membrane transplantation, and symblepharon release (n=2). Penetrating keratoplasty after LSCT was performed in three of 11 patients. The mean follow-up time was 31.9±28.6 months (6–102.33) after the surgery.

Conclusions:
In pediatric population, accurate diagnosis and management of ocular chemical burns are challenging. Although the severity of burn and consequently LSCD rate seems to be high in children, comparative studies in a larger population are still needed.
Evaluation of Orthokeratology Lens Fitting Assisted by Sagittal Height Simulation Software
Authors: Yi Zhen , Jing Shen , Wenhua Wang , Qian Li , Ningli Wang 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate a novel sagittal height fitting algorithm for estimation of alignment curve (AC) radius during Euclid orthokeratology lens trial.

Methods:
Chinese myopic children were recruited in this study and were randomly divided into two groups. The AC radius of one group was calculated by the novel fitting algorithm. The AC radius of the other group was decided by the optometrist using flat K readings and eccentricity values. The number of lens trials was recorded for each patient, and the consistencies of AC radius between the first trial lenses and the final ordered lenses were tested by Pearson correlations and Bland–Altman plots.

Results:
One hundred three adolescent patients (103 eyes) were enrolled, including 57 boys and 46 girls. The numbers of trials for the novel algorithm and traditional method were 1.2±0.4 times versus 1.4±0.5 times, respectively, and the difference between the two methods was significant (t=2.404, P=0.018). The difference of AC value between the first trial lens and the lens to be produced for the novel algorithm and traditional method 0.000±0.020 mm and 0.003±0.028 mm separately. There was no statistical difference between the two methods (t=0.748, P=0.456).

Conclusions:
The new sagittal height simulation software can accurately calculate the AC value of the orthokeratology lens suitable for the Chinese patients.
Perceived Risk of Heart Attack and Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Adults With Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Fukuoka Yoshimi , Oh Yoo Jung 
Published: November 2021

Background
Individuals with a greater perceived risk of heart attack or type 2 diabetes tend to adopt recommended lifestyle changes to minimize their risks. Despite the rapidly growing Hispanic population in the United States, data regarding their perceived risks are lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the perceived risk of suffering a heart attack and/or developing type 2 diabetes and to explore the factors associated with these risk perceptions in Hispanic adults with overweight/obesity.

Methods
We analyzed 69 Hispanic adults with overweight/obesity who participated in the screening/baseline visit for the Adelgaza study, a weight loss and diabetes prevention trial, using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. Heart attack or type 2 diabetes risk perception was assessed using a single-item questionnaire.

Results
The mean (SD) values for age and body mass index (BMI) were 43.8 (11.2) years and 31.7 (4.5) kg/m2, respectively. Of all participants, 46.4% perceived a low risk for heart attack and 29.0% perceived a low risk for developing type 2 diabetes in their lifetime, whereas only 11.6% reported both risk perceptions. Older age, lower BMI, and longer walking duration (minutes) per day were significantly associated with a lower perceived risk of heart attack (P < .05). Having no family history of heart attack, lower BMI, and lower fat intake were significant predictors of a lower diabetes-risk perception (P < .05).

Conclusions
Hispanic adults with overweight/obesity seem to underestimate their risks of heart attack and type 2 diabetes.
The use of pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatry
Authors: Kumar Aparna , Kearney Anne 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Psychiatric pharmacogenetic testing is commonly used by providers in primary care and mental health settings. The purpose of this article is to describe the extent to which psychiatric pharmacogenetic testing supports clinical practice. human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and HLA-B should be tested before initiating carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine due to risk of serious skin reactions. For psychotropic medications metabolized through the liver, limited evidence suggests testing for variation in metabolism through CYP2D6 and CYP2D19. For specific medication and genotype–phenotype variations, guidance through the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) or the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) should be reviewed. Commercial tests interpret this information differently and should not be used for broad guidance. Clinicians should follow current guidelines from professional bodies such as CPIC or ISPG and test for HLA-A or HLA-B before initiating carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. Evidence is limited for psychiatric pharmacogenetic testing. Clinicians should continue to follow best practice and clinical practice guidelines.
MRI Correlates of Ototoxicity in the Auditory Pathway in Children Treated for Medulloblastoma
Authors: Moon Peter , Theruvath Johanna , Chang Julia , Song Yohan , Shpanskaya Katie , Maleki Maryam , Cheng Alan G. , Ahmad Iram N. , Yeom Kristen W. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To assess diffusion and perfusion changes of the auditory pathway in pediatric medulloblastoma patients exposed to ototoxic therapies.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A single academic tertiary children's hospital.

Patients:
Twenty pediatric medulloblastoma patients (13 men; mean age 12.0 ± 4.8 yr) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without radiation and 18 age-and-sex matched controls were included. Ototoxicity scores were determined using Chang Ototoxicity Grading Scale.

Interventions:
Three Tesla magnetic resonance was used for diffusion tensor and arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging.

Main Outcome Measures:
Quantitative diffusion tensor metrics were extracted from the Heschl's gyrus, auditory radiation, and inferior colliculus. Arterial spin labeling perfusion of the Heschl's gyrus was also examined.

Results:
Nine patients had clinically significant hearing loss, or Chang grades more than or equal to 2a; 11 patients had mild/no hearing loss, or Chang grades less than 2a. The clinically significant hearing loss group showed reduced mean diffusivity in the Heschl's gyrus (p = 0.018) and auditory radiation (p = 0.037), and decreased perfusion in the Heschl's gyrus (p = 0.001). Mild/no hearing loss group showed reduced mean diffusivity (p = 0.036) in Heschl's gyrus only, with a decrease in perfusion (p = 0.008). There were no differences between groups in the inferior colliculus. There was no difference in fractional anisotropy between patients exposed to ototoxic therapies and controls.

Conclusions:
Patients exposed to ototoxic therapies demonstrated microstructural and physiological alteration of the auditory pathway. The present study shows proof-of-concept use of diffusion tensor imaging to gauge ototoxicity along the auditory pathway. Future larger cohort studies are needed to assess significance of changes in diffusion tensor imaging longitudinally, and the relationship between these changes and hearing loss severity and longitudinal changes of the developing auditory white matter.
The Feasibility of Eustachian Tube Dilation With a Standard Endovascular Balloon: A Comparative Cadaver Study
Authors: Dahm Valerie , Chan Harley H. L. , Daly Michael J. , Lui Justin T. , Lin Vincent Y. , Irish Jonathan , Chen Joseph M. , Le Trung N. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Balloon dilation of the eustachian tube is a new therapeutic option for eustachian tube dysfunction. One of the limiting factors of wider adoption of this technique in many parts of the world is the high cost of the devices, in spite of regulatory approval of safety.

Objective:
Evaluate the performance and usability of standard less-expensive endovascular balloons for eustachian tube dilation in comparison to an approved device in a preclinical study.

Study Design:
Comparative cadaver feasibility study.

Setting:
University tertiary care facility.

Methods:
Ten eustachian tube dilations were performed with an approved eustachian tube dilation device. Ten other procedures were carried out with an endovascular balloon of similar dimensions. Cone beam computerized tomography was performed to evaluate the extent of dilation and possible damages. The lumen and mucosal lining were inspected endoscopically post-dilation. Volume measurements were compared before and after the procedure in both groups using contrast enhancement.

Results:
All 20 eustachian tube dilations were carried out successfully. No tissue damages could be identified on cone-beam computerized tomography or via endoscopic examination. There was a statistically significant difference of eustachian tube volumes between pre- and post-dilations, with no statistically significant difference between the devices.

Conclusion:
Eustachian tube dilation with a less costly endovascular balloon achieved similar results to an approved eustachian tube dilation device. No damages or any other safety concerns were identified in a cadaver study.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Solution Versus Lactulose for Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Li Mengting , Zhang Zhijie , Chen Qiao , Zhou Xiaoling , Shui Diankui , Huang Jiean 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with liver failure and/or portal systemic shunting. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte solution is a commonly used for catharsis of gut, which has been demonstrated to relieve HE in a number of randomized controlled trials. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of PEG with lactulose for current HE treatment.

Methods:
PEG electrolyte solution versus lactulose of HE was deeply studied by conducting a systematic search in electronic databases and other sources until December 31, 2020. The PRISMA statement recommended the use of meta-analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI), relative risk (RR), and weighted mean deviation (WMD) as the estimated effect size. A sensitivity analysis was performed comprehensively to present the risk of bias and the source of heterogeneity.

Results:
A total of 434 patients were involved in 7 randomized studies. It is found that there was a significant advantage of PEG therapy in the increase of clinical efficacy (RR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.26-1.68; P=0.000; I
2=0.0%) and the decrease of hospital stay (WMD=−1.78; 95% CI: −2.72 to 0.85; P=0.000; I

2
=90.1%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (RR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.48-1.19; P=0.222>0.05; I

2
=7.2%) and the level of serum ammonia (WMD=9.02; 95% CI: −14.39 to 32.43; P=0.45>0.05; I

2
=84.9%) after 24 hours between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The results prove that PEG has a beneficial effect on the treatment of HE. Compared with lactulose, PEG can lead to more rapid HE resolution during the first 24 hours and shorten the length of stay without increasing the rate of adverse effects.
Revisiting glomerular hyperfiltration and examining the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy in athletes and bodybuilders
Authors: Cho Eunjung , Choi Soo Jeong , Kang Duk-Hee , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Ko Gang-Jee 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
High-protein diets (HPDs) are popular but their consequences for kidney health, especially among athletes and bodybuilders who typically maintain a high protein intake for a long time, have not been investigated. This review focused on recent studies of the association of HPD with long-term kidney health and the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy.

Recent findings
Several long-term observational studies including large populations have reinforced the notion that HPDs are associated with a rapid decline of kidney function. An increase in renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration caused by vasodilation, and increased levels of endocrine and paracrine factors (glucagon, IGF-1, prostanoids, and nitric oxide), facilitates the excretion of protein-derived nitrogenous waste. Inhibition of tubule-glomerular feedback and increased proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption after a HPD augment glomerular hyperfiltration and may trigger synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis reported in association with anabolic steroid may indeed be a HPD nephropathy given that HPD results in progressive glomerulosclerosis, especially in remnant glomeruli or in diabetic kidney disease but can happen in any high-risk situation, such as solitary kidney and polycystic kidneys.

Summary
HPD among athletes and bodybuilders in an extreme way across a long-term period may pose a risk to renal health including high incidence of HPD nephropathy.
Innovative systemic therapies for penile cancer
Authors: Chahoud Jad , Pham Rachel , Sonpavde Guru 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to look at recent advancements and treatment options of systemic therapies to treat penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). PSCC is a rare cancer that remains with limited funding for research and systemic therapy development. This review aims to discuss the most recent advancements in systemic treatments and our understanding of PSCC.

Recent findings
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adjuvant therapy remain integral parts of treatment in locally advanced PSCC. New potential drug regimens are being studied to expand on the availability of first-line regimen options. There has been a large development in discoveries of cellular pathways and immune system targets as potential treatment options but these therapies as of today have limited trial evidence and currently have no support to be used in a clinical setting.

Summary
PSCC is a rare genitourinary cancer with limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease that is refractory to chemotherapy. Although many new therapies targeting the immune system and cellular pathways are being developed for other studies, clinical and translational research for PSCC are still understudied and underfunded.
Preliminary Data on Gastrointestinal Deficiencies Incidence and the Prevalence of Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Medical Workers
Authors: Ilie Ovidiu-Dumitru , Bolos Alexandra , Nita Ilinca-Bianca , Cojocariu Roxana-Oana , Balmus Ioana-Miruna , Ciobica Alin , Trus Constantin , Doroftei Bogdan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious new β-coronavirus that primarily affects the lungs. Because of its unprecedented spread, in a relatively short interval, it is declared a global pandemic. Binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, SARS-CoV-2 is easily disseminated through air. Apart from the established clinical panel, individuals exposed to prolonged chronic stress also manifest gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms similar to those exhibited by SARS-CoV-2–infected patients.
The present study aims to assess the incidence of GI deficiencies and prevalence of anxiety among healthy medical staff by applying the Visual Analog Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) during this global crisis.
We found significant differences on several items of the VAS-IBS: regarding the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.04), bloating/gases (p = 0.02), and nausea/vomiting (p = 0.01) from the physical spectrum. After stratification based on age of the participants and after we applied Kruskal-Wallis test because of heterogeneity between groups, we noted two situations in which the null hypothesis is rejected: nausea/vomiting in women between 20 and 30 years, and between 30 and 40, and between 40 and 50 years, respectively (p = 0.026/0.029). Anxiety was prevalent among young and middle-class people after the centralization of HAM-A data, where 40.4% of the participants had various forms of anxiety: mild (n = 13; 13.82%), severe (n = 13; 13.82%), and moderate (n = 12; 12.76%).
This study demonstrates that VAS-IBS is a reliable tool for assessing the incidence of GI deficiencies, as well as HAM-A for anxiety.
Evaluating the Impact of a School of Nursing Civility Team
Authors: Bernard R. Oscar , Sanford Ashley , Duffy Allyson , Rechenberg Kaitlyn , Lopez Maikelyn , Brown Kimberly 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Promoting civility in nursing education can be accomplished with civility teams, assessing perceptions of civility and developing initiatives to address areas needing improvement.

Problem:
There is a lack of information about the effectiveness of civility teams in nursing education, leading to uncertainty on how to develop and assess civility teams.

Approach:
This article discusses how 1 school of nursing implemented a civility team and used the Clark Healthy Work Environment Inventory to assess the impact of the team.

Outcomes:
The civility team used the inventory responses from 110 team members to establish civility action items. One year later, the inventory was repeated, and the responses from 122 team members were used to evaluate the impact of the civility action items.

Conclusion:
This program evaluation indicates an effective way for nursing programs to develop civility initiatives using a validated assessment tool to create and evaluate civility action items.
Evaluation of the Performance of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 Test Among Decedents in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Opollo Valarie , Nyakeriga Emmanuel , Kingwara Leonard , Sila Alex , Oguta Macxine , Oyaro Boaz , Onyango Dickens , Mboya Frankline O. , Waruru Anthony , Musingila Paul , Mwangome Mary , Nyagah Lilly M. , Ngugi Catherine , Sava Solomon , Waruiru Wanjiru , Young Peter W. , Junghae Muthoni 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Estimating cause-related mortality among the dead is not common, yet for clinical and public health purposes, a lot can be learnt from the dead. HIV/AIDS accounted for the third most frequent cause of deaths in Kenya; 39.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2019. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 has previously been validated on oral fluid and implemented as a screening assay for HIV self-testing in Kenya among living subjects. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 for HIV screening among decedents.

Methods:
Trained morticians collected oral fluid from 132 preembalmed and postembalmed decedents aged >18 months at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital mortuary in western Kenya and tested for HIV using OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2. Test results were compared with those obtained using the national HIV Testing Services algorithm on matched preembalming whole blood specimens as a gold standard (Determine HIV and First Response HIV 1-2-O). We calculated positive predictive values, negative predictive values, area under the curve, and sensitivity and specificity of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 compared with the national HTS algorithm.

Results:
OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 had similar sensitivity of 92.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.7 to 99.1] on preembalmed and postembalmed samples compared with the gold standard. Specificity was 97.1% (95% CI: 91.9 to 99.4) and 95.2% (95% CI: 89.2 to 98.4) preembalming and postembalming, respectively. Preembalming and postembalming positive predictive value was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.8 to 97.7) and 83.3% (95% CI: 65.3 to 94.4), respectively. The area under the curve preembalming and postembalming was 94.9% (95% CI: 89.6 to 100) and 93.9% (95% CI: 88.5 to 99.4), respectively.

Conclusions:
The study showed a relatively high-performance sensitivity and specificity of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 test among decedents, similar to those observed among living subjects. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 presents a convenient and less invasive screening test for surveillance of HIV among decedents within a mortuary setting.
Lumbosacral Plexus Neurolymphomatosis
Authors: Bordeau Karl , Eberlé Marie-Claude , Fabbro Michel , Fersing Cyril , Deshayes Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 79-year-old man anteriorly treated for primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MRI complete response after immunochemotherapy was referred 1 year later for 18FDG PET/CT because of right persistent lombosciatic radicular pain for 6 months with negative medullary and spine MRI and negative cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Linearly intense uptake was observed in several roots of lumbosacral plexus, highly suggestive of peripheral neurolymphomatosis relapse. No specific treatment was engaged because of rapid decrease of performance status leading to death.
An Unusual False-Positive Uptake of Radioiodine Caused by Posttraumatic Superficial Scab
Authors: Xiao Liu , Jiang Lisha , Huang Rui , Tian Rong , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 22-year-old man with a history of recurrent papillary thyroid cancer underwent 131I therapy. Posttherapeutic whole-body scintigraphy was performed 5 days after administration of 5.5 GBq of 131I. The scintigraphy revealed increased activity in the left elbow. On physical examination, the patient had posttraumatic superficial scab at the site of the abnormal activity.