bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis with or without globule leukocyte hyperplasia in 4 goats
Authors: Pitel Mariya O. , Heller Meera C. , Roberson Jerry R. , McKenzie Erica C. , Sinnott Devinn M. , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFour, mature, client‐owned goats were presented to referral hospitals for recurrent diarrhea despite treatment for intestinal parasitism. Common clinical findings included diarrhea, poor condition, neutrophilia, and hypoalbuminemia. Testing for common infectious causes of diarrhea in goats was negative. Ultrasonography and computed tomography in 2 cases was suggestive of enteritis, including thickened intestinal walls and fluid filled, dilated small intestines, respectively. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis (LEE) was ultimately diagnosed on intestinal biopsy histopathology based on the presence of small intestinal villous blunting and increased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils predominantly within the lamina propria. Numerous globule leukocytes were also noted on histopathology in 3 cases. All goats responded favorably to corticosteroid treatment with weight gain and resolution of diarrhea and clinicopathologic abnormalities. Relapses occurred, and complete cure was difficult to achieve. Reported in other species, this series describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of LEE in adult goats.
Treatment of a flunixin meglumine overdose with intravenous administration of lipid emulsion and therapeutic plasma exchange in a Nigerian dwarf buck kid (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Butty Emmanuelle Marie , McKinney Caroline Ann , Prisk Amanda Jane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 12 week‐old Nigerian dwarf (Capra aegagrus hircus) buck kid was hospitalized for management of obstructive urolithiasis. Postoperatively, he was inadvertently administered 16‐times greater than his calculated dose of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID; 17.5 mg/kg flunixin meglumine, IV). The goat was treated with intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (ILE) prior to membrane‐based therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE) under general anesthesia. The increased coagulability inherent to small ruminants in comparison with dogs and cats warranted specific adjustments in the prescription of anticoagulation, blood flow, and filtration fraction to avoid circuit clotting during mTPE. Serum flunixin meglumine concentration measured before, during, and after mTPE revealed marked reduction in drug concentration. After the combined treatments, no clinical evidence of NSAID gastrointestinal or renal toxicosis was detected. This case report describes successful management of flunixin meglumine overdose in a small ruminant using combined ILE and mTPE.
Heterobilharzia americanainfection in dogs: A retrospective study of 60 cases (2010‐2019)
Authors: Graham Amber M. , Davenport Amy , Moshnikova Valentina S. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Fabiani Michelle , Bishop Micah A. , Cook Audrey K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe trematodeHeterobilharzia americana(HA) causes granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs. Before 2008, diagnosis relied on saline fecal sedimentation or histopathology, and earlier reports primarily described dogs with advanced disease or cases diagnosed incidentally at necropsy. The advent of a fecal PCR test has facilitated the diagnosis ofHAand provided insights into manifestations and response to treatment.ObjectivesDescribe the clinical findings, response to treatment, and outcome for dogs infected withHA.AnimalsSixty dogs diagnosed withHAbetween 2010 and 2019.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were searched for dogs diagnosed withHAby fecal PCR testing, identification of ova in feces, or histopathology.ResultsMean age was 7.5 (±4.1) years and weight was 23.2 (±10.18) kg. Clinical signs included diarrhea (55.8%), vomiting (46.2%), and weight loss with or without anorexia (15.4%). Laboratory abnormalities included hyperglobulinemia (42.6%) and increased liver enzyme activities (30%). More than 40% of dogs had an eosinophil count >500/μL. Hypercalcemia attributable toHAwas identified in only 4 dogs. Pinpoint hyperechoic foci were noted in intestines, liver, or mesenteric lymph nodes during transabdominal ultrasonography in 64.4% of dogs. Survival data was available for 34 dogs, of which 73.5% (25) were alive 6 months after diagnosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHyperglobulinemia, high eosinophil count, and ultrasonographic evidence of visceral mineralization were suggestive of infection. Hypercalcemia was uncommon. Combination treatment with praziquantel and fenbendazole was variably effective, and 17.6% of treated dogs with known outcome died as a result ofHAinfection.
How do secondary iron enrichments form within basaltic eucrites? An experimental approach
Authors: Rombeck Stella , Vollmer Christian , Roszjar Julia , Sarafian Adam R. , Klemme Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSome basaltic eucrites and basaltic lithologies in howardites derived from the asteroid 4 Vesta exhibit unusual secondary veinlet textures consisting mostly of fayalitic olivine and Fe‐enrichments within pyroxenes. Recent studies discussed the formation of these Fe‐rich phases either by interaction with a vapor and/or liquid phase (metasomatism), or by a high‐temperature melting process. We therefore performed a series of heating and hydrothermal experiments with liquids of different compositions on natural pyroxene crystals (augite and orthopyroxene) to evaluate these contrasting hypotheses. The results of the heating experiments show that incongruent melting of pyroxenes at about 1070 °C causes textures that are very similar to those observed in the meteorites. We conclude that a part of the natural secondary veins might be explained by heating processes at similar temperatures. The hydrothermal experiments with aqueous liquids of different Fe‐enriched compositions clearly indicate ion exchange reactions resulting in partial Fe‐enrichments of the pyroxene. Interestingly, these Fe‐enrichments occurred independent of the Fe content of the liquid, which can be explained by an internal origin of Fe from the pyroxenes. In one hydrothermal experiment of augite with Fe‐oxalate solution, deposition of fayalitic olivine was observed. From our experimental observations, we conclude that aqueous liquids are plausible candidates for explaining the deposition of Fe‐enrichments and fayalitic olivine inside the fractures of pyroxene. However, we cannot rule out a high‐temperature melting process slightly above the peritectic point of pyroxene to explain a fraction of observed secondary Fe‐enrichments.
Comparing divergence landscapes from reduced‐representation and whole genome resequencing in the yellow‐rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata) species complex
Authors: Szarmach Stephanie J. , Brelsford Alan , Witt Christopher C. , Toews David P.L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearchers seeking to generate genomic data for non‐model organisms are faced with a number of trade‐offs when deciding which method to use. The selection of reduced representation approaches versus whole genome resequencing will ultimately affect the marker density, sequencing depth, and the number of individuals that can multiplexed. These factors can affect researchers’ ability to accurately characterize certain genomic features, such as landscapes of divergence—how FST varies across the genomes. To provide insight into the effect of sequencing method on the estimation of divergence landscapes, we applied an identical bioinformatic pipeline to three generations of sequencing data (GBS, ddRAD, and WGS) produced for the same system, the yellow‐rumped warbler species complex. We compare divergence landscapes generated using each method for the myrtle warbler (Setophaga coronata coronata) and the Audubon's warbler (S. c. auduboni), and for Audubon's warblers with deeply divergent mtDNA resulting from mitochondrial introgression. We found that most high‐FST peaks were not detected in the ddRAD data set, and that while both GBS and WGS were able to identify the presence of large peaks, WGS was superior at a finer scale. Comparing Audubon's warblers with divergent mitochondrial haplotypes, only WGS allowed us to identify small (10–20 kb) regions of elevated differentiation, one of which contained the nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial gene NDUFAF3. We calculated the cost per base pair for each method and found it was comparable between GBS and WGS, but significantly higher for ddRAD. These comparisons highlight the advantages of WGS over reduced representation methods when characterizing landscapes of divergence.
The amino acid permease (AAP) genes CsAAP2A and SlAAP5A/B are required for oomycete susceptibility in cucumber and tomato
Authors: Berg Jeroen A. , Hermans Freddy W. K. , Beenders Frank , Abedinpour Hanieh , Vriezen Wim H. , Visser Richard G. F. , Bai Yuling , Schouten Henk J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCucurbit downy mildew (DM), caused by the obligate biotroph Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a destructive disease in cucumber. A valuable source of DM resistance is the Indian cucumber accession PI 197088, which harbours several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to quantitatively inherited DM resistance. With a combination of fine‐mapping and transcriptomics, we identified Amino Acid Permease 2A (CsAAP2A) as a candidate gene for QTL DM4.1.3. Whole‐genome and Sanger sequencing revealed the insertion of a Cucumis Mu‐like element (CUMULE) transposon in the allele of the resistant near‐isogenic line DM4.1.3. To confirm whether loss of CsAAP2A contributes to partial DM resistance, we performed targeting induced local lesions in genomes on a DM‐susceptible cucumber genotype to identify an additional csaap2a mutant, which indeed was partially DM resistant. In view of the loss of the putative function as amino acid transporter, we measured amino acids in leaves. We found that DM‐inoculated leaves of line DM4.1.3 (with the csaap2a mutation) contained significantly fewer amino acids than wild‐type cucumber. The decreased flow of amino acids towards infected leaves in csaap2a plants compared to the wild type might explain the resistant phenotype of the mutant, as this would limit the available nutrients for the pathogen and thereby its fitness. To examine whether AAP genes play a conserved role as susceptibility factors in plant–oomycete interactions, we made targeted mutations in two AAP genes from tomato and studied the effect on susceptibility to Phytophthora infestans. We conclude that not only CsAAP2A but also SlAAP5A/SlAAP5B are susceptibility genes for oomycete pathogens.
Species distribution, azole resistance and related molecular mechanisms in invasive Candida parapsilosis complex isolates: Increase in fluconazole resistance in 21 years
Authors: Demirci‐Duarte Selay , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Gülmez Dolunay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCandida parapsilosis complex consists of three species, the prevalence and geographical distribution of which might vary. Increasing rates of fluconazole resistance among C. parapsilosis complex were reported from various centres.ObjectivesAim of this study was to identify invasive C. parapsilosis complex strains up to species level, explore rates and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance and analyse temporal changes at a single centre.MethodsIsolates from blood cultures from 1997 to 2017 were included. Species were identified using RFLP of the SADH gene and confirmed with ITS sequencing when needed. In vitro susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole was tested and evaluated using EUCAST guidelines. Sequences of ERG11 and MRR1 genes were analysed for fluconazole non‐susceptible isolates.ResultsA total of 283 isolates from 181 patients were tested for azole susceptibility. All were C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, except one C. orthopsilosis. All three azoles were effective against 213 of the isolates from 135 patients, including one C. orthopsilosis. Fluconazole resistance was 13.3% (24/181 patients). While the first fluconazole‐resistant isolates were detected in 2004, increase was evident after 2011. In ERG11, Y132F mutation was the most common among fluconazole non‐susceptible isolates (71.7%), followed by G458S (10.9%) and D421N (4.3%). In MRR1, R405K (56.5%) and G927C (8.7%) were detected. However, association of these mutations to azole resistance is yet to be investigated.ConclusionsRising azole resistance rates in C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates particularly after 2011 were of concern. The well‐known Y132F mutation was the predominant mechanism of azole resistance while accompanied with other genetic mutations.
Invasive aspergillosis in solid organ transplantation: Diagnostic challenges and differences in outcome in a Spanish national cohort (Diaspersot study)
Authors: Gioia Francesca , Filigheddu Eta , Corbella Laura , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , López‐Medrano Francisco , Pérez‐Ayala Ana , Aguado Jose María , Fariñas Maria Carmen , Arnaiz Francisco , Calvo Jorge , Cifrian Jose Maria , Gonzalez‐Rico Claudia , Vidal Elisa , Torre‐Cisneros Julian , Ras Maria Mar , Pérez Sandra , Sabe Nuria , López‐Soria Leyre Monica , Rodríguez‐Alvarez Regino Jose , Montejo José Miguel , Valerio Maricela , Machado Marina , Muñoz Patricia , Linares Laura , Bodro Marta , Moreno Asuncion , Fernández‐Cruz Ana , Cantón Rafael , Moreno Santiago , Martin‐Davila Pilar , Fortún Jesús 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) can be problematic in solid organ transplantation (SOT). The prognosis greatly varies according to the type of transplant, and the impact of prophylaxis is not well defined.Patients and MethodsThe Diaspersot cohort analyses the impact of IA in SOT in Spain during the last 10 years. Proven and probable/putative IA was included.ResultsWe analysed 126 cases of IA. The incidences of IA were as follows: 6.5%, 2.9%, 1.8% and 0.6% for lung, heart, liver and kidney transplantation, respectively. EORTC/MSG criteria confirmed only 49.7% of episodes. Tree‐in‐bud sign or ground‐glass infiltrates were present in 56.3% of patients, while serum galactomannan (optical density index >0.5) was positive in 50.6%. A total of 41.3% received combined antifungal therapy. Overall mortality at 3 months was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in lung transplant recipients (14.8%) than in all other transplants [globally: 48.6%; kidney 52.0%, liver 58.3%, heart 31.2%, and combined 42.9%]. Fifty‐four percent of episodes occurred despite the receipt of antifungal prophylaxis, and in 10%, IA occurred during prophylaxis (breakthrough infection), with both nebulised amphotericin (in lung transplant recipients) and candins (in the rest).ConclusionsInvasive aspergillosis diagnostic criteria, applied to SOT patients, may differ from those established for haematological patients. IA in lung transplants has a higher incidence, but is associated with a better prognosis than other transplants. Combination therapy is frequently used for IA in SOT. Prophylactic measures require optimisation of its use within this population.
Incidence and predictors of vascular events following end‐stage kidney disease in childhood
Authors: Le Page Amelia K. , Kennedy Sean E. , Durkan Anne , Chaturvedi Swasti , Walker Amanda , Sypek Matthew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimCardiovascular death is a leading cause of mortality in paediatric end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). There is however little known about the clinically relevant vascular disease in this population. We aimed to describe the incidence of new onset vascular disease and vascular death in Australian children receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). We also aimed to identify demographic or childhood risk factors for these endpoints, and whether vascular disease predicts mortality.MethodsData on Australian patients who commenced RRT at <18 years of age from 1991 to 2017 were extracted from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA). Multivariable competing risks regression was used to identify factors associated with vascular events.ResultsA cohort of 1268 patients were followed up for a median of 10.31 years. Vascular disease was reported in 5.4%, and vascular death in 4.1%. The cumulative incidence of any vascular event, that is, disease or death, at 10 and 20 years was 5.5% and 12.8%, respectively. Childhood vascular events were associated with non‐Caucasian, non‐Indigenous ethnicity, and for the 804 patients followed up after 18 years of age, vascular events were associated with lack of childhood transplantation, longer childhood dialysis duration and Indigenous ethnicity. Vascular disease was only reported for 25.49% of patients who had a vascular death, and although a significant risk factor for mortality, it had limited ability to predict mortality.ConclusionCumulative incidence of vascular events is significant after commencing RRT during childhood and is associated with ethnicity, longer childhood dialysis duration and lack of childhood transplantation.
Psychometric evaluation of an experience sampling method–based patient‐reported outcome measure in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Klaassen Tim , Smeets Fabienne G. M. , Vork Lisa , Tack Jan , Talley Nicholas J. , Simrén Magnus , Aziz Qasim , Ford Alexander C. , Kruimel Joanna W. , Conchillo José M. , Leue Carsten , Masclee Adrian A. M. , Keszthelyi Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to important biases, conventional end‐of‐day and end‐of‐week assessment methods of gastrointestinal symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) are considered suboptimal. Real‐time symptom assessment based on the experience sampling method (ESM) could be a more accurate measurement method. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of an ESM‐based patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for symptom assessment in FD.MethodsThirty‐five patients with FD (25 female, mean age 44.7 years) completed the ESM‐based PROM (a maximum of 10 random moments per day) and an end‐of‐day symptom diary for 7 consecutive days. On day 7, end‐of‐week questionnaires were completed including the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) and Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index (PAGI‐SYM).Key ResultsExperience sampling method and corresponding end‐of‐day scores for gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated (ICCs range 0.770–0.917). However, end‐of‐day scores were significantly higher (Δ0.329–1.031) than mean ESM scores (p < 0.05). Comparing ESM with NDI and PAGI‐SYM scores, correlations were weaker (Pearson's r range 0.467–0.846). Cronbach's α coefficient was good for upper gastrointestinal symptoms (α = 0.842). First half‐week and second half‐week scores showed very good consistency (ICCs range 0.913–0.975).Conclusion and InferencesGood validity and reliability of a novel ESM‐based PROM for assessing gastrointestinal symptoms in FD patients was demonstrated. Moreover, this novel PROM allows to evaluate individual symptom patterns and can evaluate interactions between symptoms and environmental/contextual factors. ESM has the potential to increase patients' disease insight, provide tools for self‐management, and improve shared decision making. Hence, this novel tool may aid in the transition toward personalized health care for FD patients.
The acceptability and feasibility of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for pain management among new England veterans with chronic pain: A pilot study
Authors: Sellinger John J. , Martino Steve , Lazar Christina , Mattocks Kristin , Rando Kenneth , Serowik Kristin , Ablondi Karen , Fenton Brenda , Gilstad‐Hayden Kathryn , Brummett Bradley , Holtzheimer Paul E. , Higgins Diana , Reznik Thomas E. , Semiatin Alicia M. , Stapley Todd , Ngo Tu , Rosen Marc I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders often lead to chronic pain in Veterans. Chronic pain puts sufferers at risk for substance misuse, and early intervention is needed for both conditions. This pilot study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management intervention (SBIRT‐PM) to help engage Veterans seeking disability compensation for painful musculoskeletal disorders in multimodal pain treatment and to reduce risky substance use, when indicated.MethodsThis pilot study enrolled 40 Veterans from 8 medical centers across New England in up to 4 sessions of telephone‐based counseling using a motivational interviewing framework. Counseling provided education about, and facilitated engagement in, multimodal pain treatments. Study eligibility required Veterans be engaged in no more than 2 Veteran Affairs (VA) pain treatment modalities, and study participation involved a 12‐week postassessment and semistructured interview about the counseling process.ResultsMajorities of enrolled Veterans screened positive for comorbid depression and problematic substance use. Regarding the offered counseling, 80% of participants engaged in at least one session, with a mean of 3 sessions completed. Ninety percent of participants completed the postassessment. Numerically, most measures improved slightly from baseline to week 12. In semistructured interviews, participants described satisfaction with learning about new pain care services, obtaining assistance connecting to services, and receiving support from their counselors.DiscussionIt was feasible to deliver SBIRT‐PM to Veterans across New England to promote engagement in multimodal pain treatment and to track study outcomes over 12 weeks. Preliminary results suggest SBIRT‐PM was well‐received and has promise for the targeted outcomes.
Isopentenyltransferases as master regulators of crop performance: their function, manipulation, and genetic potential for stress adaptation and yield improvement
Authors: Nguyen Hai Ngoc , Lai Nhan , Kisiala Anna B. , Emery R. J. Neil 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIsopentenyltransferase (IPT) in plants regulates a rate‐limiting step of cytokinin (CTK) biosynthesis. IPTs are recognized as key regulators of CTK homeostasis and phytohormone crosstalk in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Recent research has revealed the regulatory function of IPTs in gene expression and metabolite profiles including source‐sink modifications, energy metabolism, nutrient allocation and storage, stress defence and signalling pathways, protein synthesis and transport, and membrane transport. This suggests that IPTs play a crucial role in plant growth and adaptation. In planta studies of IPT‐driven modifications indicate that, at a physiological level, IPTs improve stay‐green characteristics, delay senescence, reduce stress‐induced oxidative damage and protect photosynthetic machinery. Subsequently, these improvements often manifest as enhanced or stabilized crop yields and this is especially apparent under environmental stress. These mechanisms merit consideration of the IPTs as ‘master regulators’ of core cellular metabolic pathways, thus adjusting plant homeostasis/adaptive responses to altered environmental stresses, to maximize yield potential. If their expression can be adequately controlled, both spatially and temporally, IPTs can be a key driver for seed yield. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of recent findings on how IPTs influence plant stress physiology and yield, and we highlight areas for future research.