bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Making men fall’: queer power beyond anti-normativity
Authors: Hendriks Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn modern social thinking, norms are generally thought of in opposition to a space of freedom that is more or less curtailed by and through processes of normalization. ‘Transgression’ thereby becomes an implicit or explicit act of resistanceagainstthe norm. This is particularly clear in Western Queer Theory, where a political and analytical investment in anti-normativity has – paradoxically – become a field-defining norm. Yet such strong anti-normativity can become a liability when trying to do justice to actually existing queer dynamics in past and present African realities. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork among sexually dissident young men who call themselves ‘fioto’ in urban Democratic Republic of Congo, this article shifts the always already oppositional relationship between queerness and normativity – not by arguing that queer is normal too or by showing that queer lives produce their own norms alongside heteronormativity, but by suggesting that queerness is a potentialofnormativity, rather than an opposition to it. It specifically thinks with two groups offiotofriends in Kisangani to show how and why norms generated their own queerness – as something that was already there as an inherent dimension of their own dynamism and multiplicity.
Truthmaking, resemblance, and divine simplicity
Authors: Morvarid Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccording to the traditional doctrine of divine simplicity, if an intrinsic predication of the form ‘God is F’ is true, thenGod's F-nessexists and is identical with God. To avoid the absurdity of identifying God with a property, a number of philosophers have proposed thatGod's F-nessshould be interpreted, not as a property God possesses, but as thetruthmakerfor ‘God isF’, which is God himself. I shall argue that given some plausible assumptions, the truthmaker interpretation would undermine the highly plausible idea that there are ‘natural’ predicates which apply univocally or (at least) analogically to both God and some created beings. The only way in which the advocate of the truthmaker interpretation can avoid this problem is to embrace wholesale radical nominalism (with its own costs). That is to say, the truthmaker interpretation is far more constrained than it might initially appear to be.
Being Together at a Distance, Talking and Avoiding Talk: Making Sense of the Present in Victory Square, Tianjin
Authors: Thireau Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a “public gathering” which took place every evening from 1991 to 2017 in Victory Square (Shengli guangchang 胜利广场), a public square in Tianjin. The essay opens with an analysis of the type of publicness that stems from the way participants “do things together.” It then describes how a specific public realm appears through the way participants “talk together.” It finally suggests that even if they are overrun with doubt, indeterminacy and anxiety, or embedded in a specific distance-based sociality, the conversations on Victory Square are not a minor, secondary activity. On the contrary, they take place on a common stage where participants interact with one another, reveal themselves as unique individuals and discuss their everyday affairs and common practices. Grasped as an “intermediary public sphere,” this type of gathering engenders and reinforces not only shared meanings and evaluations but also practical knowledge whose validity goes beyond this situated gathering.
Relationship between dietary macronutrient composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean and non-lean populations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amirkalali Bahareh , Khoonsari Mahmoodreza , Sohrabi Masoud Reza , Ajdarkosh Hossein , Motamed Nima , Maadi Mansooreh , Nobakht Hossein , Gholizadeh Esmaeel , Zamani Farhad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to customize dietary changes for lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Design:The current study was done with a population-based cross-sectional design. The FFQ was used to analyse dietary macronutrient intake and ultrasonography results for NAFLD diagnosis. The study subjects were divided into the lean and non-lean groups based on their BMI (< 25 and ≥ 25). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary macronutrients and NAFLD. Substitution analyses were also performed.Setting:Amol and its suburban areas in Iran.Participants:Adults in the age range of 18 to < 65 with full relevant data.Results:Among the total study subjects (2308), 46·7 % had fatty liver. The substitution of polysaccharides for animal protein and SFA in the lean group resulted in a significant NAFLD reduction, whereas the substitution of SFA for all types of macronutrients, except for n-6 and mono-disaccharides, led to a significant increase in NAFLD (P < 0·05). In non-lean participants, the substitution of MUFA for mono-disaccharides resulted in a significant reduction of NAFLD (P < 0·05). In this group, the substitution of SFA and mono-disaccharides for MUFA, and n-6 for all macronutrients, except vegetable protein and SFA, were significantly related to an increase in NAFLD (P < 0·05).Conclusions:Lower lean NAFLD is correlated with increasing polysaccharides in exchange for SFA and animal protein intake, whereas lower non-lean NAFLD is correlated with increasing MUFA in exchange for mono-disaccharides and reducing n-6 and SFA.
The struggle for memory: Jian Bozan on historical materialism
Authors: Rogacz Dawid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a first analysis of the philosophy of history developed by Jian Bozan (1898–1968), the author of China's earliest comprehensive exposition of historical materialism. Despite his central importance for the establishment of professional historical studies in PRC, the existing studies neglect Jian's original contribution to the development of Chinese Marxism and his pre-war works in general, focusing solely on his participation in the debate over the relation between history and theory in the 1960s. The paper seeks to fill this lacuna by providing a critical account of Jian Bozan's understanding of historical laws, progress, the stages of history, human freedom and the class struggle. Jian's synthesis of historicism and historical materialism, which at a time was seen as an alternative to the Maoist view of history, was officially condemned during the Cultural Revolution and led to his premature death. However, this paper demonstrates that, following the public rehabilitation of the thought of Jian Bozan in 1978, it was his system that had an important impact on the historiography in Dengist China. Furthermore, the paper argues that Jian's approach to historical materialism brought many novelties in relation to the preceding Sino-Marxist views of history.
Deglacial Ice Sheet Instabilities Induced by Proglacial Lakes
Authors: Quiquet Aurélien , Dumas Christophe , Paillard Didier , Ramstein Gilles , Ritz Catherine , Roche Didier M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the last deglaciation (21–7 kaBP), the gradual retreat of Northern Hemisphere ice sheet margins produced large proglacial lakes. While the climatic impacts of these lakes have been widely acknowledged, their role on ice sheet grounding line dynamics has received very little attention so far. Here, we show that proglacial lakes had dramatic implications for the North American ice sheet dynamics through a self‐sustained mechanical instability which has similarities with the known marine ice sheet instability consequently providing fast retreat of large portions of the ice sheet over the continent. This instability mechanism is likely important in contributing to deglaciation of terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets with proglacial lakes at their margins as it can substantially accelerate the mass loss. Echoing our knowledge of Antarctic ice sheet dynamics, proglacial lakes are another manifestation of the importance of grounding line dynamics for ice sheet evolution.
Transport of Tracers and Pesticides Through Fractured Clayey Till: Large Undisturbed Column Experiments and Model‐Based Interpretation
Authors: Mosthaf K. , Rolle M. , Petursdottir U. , Aamand J. , Jørgensen P. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeaching of contaminants through fractured aquitards such as clayey tills may occur due to typically slow matrix advection and diffusion, or it can be dramatically enhanced in the presence of preferential flow through fractures and macropores. Sorption also plays a crucial role since it can significantly impact contaminant leaching and residence times. These different mass‐transfer mechanisms imply a distinct transport behavior and very different time scales for contaminant leaching toward underlying aquifer systems. However, the prevalent controls on contaminant transport and their effects are difficult to assess. This paper shows a detailed characterization of flow and transport processes under water‐saturated conditions in two large undisturbed columns (LUCs) collected from two visually similar fractured/macroporous clayey tills typical for the Northern hemisphere. Flow‐through tracer and pesticide experiments revealed a contrasting transport behavior. In one column, transport through fractures/macropores was dominant, whereas matrix advection and diffusion had a distinct influence on solute transport in the other column. Detailed 3D discrete‐fracture‐matrix models were developed to illuminate prevalent controls on contaminant transport and to quantitatively interpret the flow‐through experiments with a minimal number of fitting parameters. Nonequilibrium sorption kinetics were included to reproduce the transport behavior of the considered pesticide. The parameters determined from the two LUC experiments were integrated in a vertical cross‐section model to investigate the influence of varying fracture properties on vertical solute transport through surficial clayey till aquitards. The analysis showed that small fracture apertures in deeper parts of the aquitard could substantially prolong solute migration times and control solute fluxes.
Laboratory Evidence of a Pre‐Existing Instability That Can Enhance the Ionospheric Heating Efficiency
Authors: Ling Yiming , Liu Yu , Lei Jiuhou , Li Minchi , Liu Xiangqun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIonospheric heating by high‐power electromagnetic waves is a powerful and efficient tool to study plasma physics as the ionosphere is used as a nature plasma laboratory. An important and long‐standing issue is how to improve the heating efficiency. It is difficult to uncover all the underlying physical processes that influence the heating efficiency in actual ionospheric experiments. Therefore, controlled experiments have been designed and conducted in a laboratory plasma facility to study the high‐frequency heating processes in an ionospheric‐like collisional plasma. The energy of the injected wave was transferred into the plasma through nonlinear interactions, such as the parametric decay instability (PDI). Our results suggest that the existing background wave mode could significantly decrease the excitation threshold of the parametric instability, indicating that the PDI can be much easily excited.
Turbulent Mixing and the Formation of an Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Above the Siberian Continental Shelf Break
Authors: Schulz Kirstin , Büttner Stefan , Rogge Andreas , Janout Markus , Hölemann Jens , Rippeth Tom P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) form important pathways for the cross‐slope transport and vertical export of particulate matter, including carbon. While intermediate maxima in particle settling fluxes have been reported in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, direct observations of turbid INLs above the continental slope are still lacking. In this study, we provide the first direct evidence of an INL, coinciding with enhanced mid‐water turbulent dissipation rates, over the Laptev Sea continental slope in summer 2018. Current velocity data show a period of enhanced downslope flow with depressed isopcynals, suggesting that the enhanced turbulent dissipation is probably the consequence of the presence of an unsteady lee wave. Similar events occur mostly during ice free periods, suggesting an increasing frequency of episodic cross‐slope particle transport in the future. The discovery of the INL and the episodic generation mechanism provide new insights into particle transport dynamics in this rapidly changing environment.
A new basal hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the latest Cretaceous Kita-ama Formation in Japan implies the origin of hadrosaurids
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshitsugu , Takasaki Ryuji , Kubota Katsuhiro , Fiorillo Anthony R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere we describe a partial hadrosaurid skeleton from the marine Maastrichtian Kita-ama Formation in Japan as a new taxon,Yamatosaurus izanagiigen. et sp. nov., based on unique characters in the dentition. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstratesYamatosaurus izanagiibelongs to Hadrosauridae, composed ofHadrosaurus foulkii + (Yamatosaurus izanagii + (Saurolophinae + Lambeosaurinae)). The coracoid lacks a biceps tubercle as in non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids, suggesting its presence is a key feature for the clade of Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae. The evolutionary rates analysis further supports that shoulder and forelimb features, which are likely to have been involved in locomotion, were important for the early evolution of Hadrosauridae. Our biogeographic analyses show that basal hadrosaurids were widely distributed in Asia and Appalachia, that the clade of Saurolophinae and Lambeosaurinae originated in Asia, and that eastern Asia may have served as a refugium of relict hadrosauroid taxa such asPlesiohadros djadokhtaensis,Tanius sinensis,andYamatosaurus izanagiiduring the Late Cretaceous. The contemporaneous occurrence of basal (Yamatosaurus izanagii) and derived (Kamuysaurus japonicus) hadrosaurids during the Maastrichtian in Japan is the first record in Asia. Because of the long geographical distance between these localities, they likely did not co-exist, but instead demonstrate some level of provinciality.
Practical clinical and radiological models to diagnose COVID-19 based on a multicentric teleradiological emergency chest CT cohort
Authors: Schuster Paul , Crombé Amandine , Nivet Hubert , Berger Alice , Pourriol Laurent , Favard Nicolas , Chazot Alban , Alonzo-Lacroix Florian , Youssof Emile , Cheikh Alexandre Ben , Balique Julien , Porta Basile , Petitpierre François , Bouquet Grégoire , Mastier Charles , Bratan Flavie , Bergerot Jean-François , Thomson Vivien , Banaste Nathan , Gorincour Guillaume 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur aim was to develop practical models built with simple clinical and radiological features to help diagnosing Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] in a real-life emergency cohort. To do so, 513 consecutive adult patients suspected of having COVID-19 from 15 emergency departments from 2020-03-13 to 2020-04-14 were included as long as chest CT-scans and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were available (244 [47.6%] with a positive RT-PCR). Immediately after their acquisition, the chest CTs were prospectively interpreted by on-call teleradiologists (OCTRs) and systematically reviewed within one week by another senior teleradiologist. Each OCTR reading was concluded using a 5-point scale: normal, non-infectious, infectious non-COVID-19, indeterminate and highly suspicious of COVID-19. The senior reading reported the lesions’ semiology, distribution, extent and differential diagnoses. After pre-filtering clinical and radiological features through univariate Chi-2, Fisher or Student t-tests (as appropriate), multivariate stepwise logistic regression (Step-LR) and classification tree (CART) models to predict a positive RT-PCR were trained on 412 patients, validated on an independent cohort of 101 patients and compared with the OCTR performances (295 and 71 with available clinical data, respectively) through area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC). Regarding models elaborated on radiological variables alone, best performances were reached with the CART model (i.e., AUC = 0.92 [versus 0.88 for OCTR], sensitivity = 0.77, specificity = 0.94) while step-LR provided the highest AUC with clinical-radiological variables (AUC = 0.93 [versus 0.86 for OCTR], sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.91). Hence, these two simple models, depending on the availability of clinical data, provided high performances to diagnose positive RT-PCR and could be used by any radiologist to support, modulate and communicate their conclusion in case of COVID-19 suspicion. Practically, using clinical and radiological variables (GGO, fever, presence of fibrotic bands, presence of diffuse lesions, predominant peripheral distribution) can accurately predict RT-PCR status.
Aqueous and pH dependent coacervation method for taste masking of paracetamol via amorphous solid dispersion formation
Authors: Al-kasmi Basheer , Alsirawan M. H. D. Bashir , Paradkar Anant , Nattouf Abdul-Hakim , El-Zein Hind 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTaste masking of paracetamol was achieved by preparing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) using modified coacervation method. The method is based on dissolving the drug and polymeric carrier in water adjusted to certain pH level. Then, precipitation of ASD granules is performed by gradually changing pH level. Therefore, the chosen drug and polymer should obtain appropriate acidic or basic groups to enable pH-dependent solvation. Moreover, using solubility enhancing additives such as sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and low viscosity polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) found to be essential in aiding drug/polymer aqueous solvation which enhanced amorphization, hence taste masking and drug loading. Solid dispersion between Paracetamol and Eudragit E was formed and that proved by FT-IR, DSC, PXRD and SEM. Also, Paracetamol was released after 2 min in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid medium and the taste of masking forms are accepted from all volunteers. Modified coacervation method does not involve organic solvents, high temperatures, or sophisticated instruments commonly used in taste masking methods. Using PEG 400 resulted in significantly higher drug loading and dissolution rate compared to SLS granules. Moreover, using previously reported scoring system for the evaluation of taste masking methods shows that pH dependent coacervation obtained high scoring over common methods and thus display a robust potential for industrial applications.
Accuracy of two pulse-oximetry measurements for INTELLiVENT-ASV in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Katayama Shinshu , Shima Jun , Tonai Ken , Koyama Kansuke , Nunomiya Shin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, maintaining a certain oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) range in mechanically ventilated patients was recommended; attaching the INTELLiVENT-ASV to ventilators might be beneficial. We evaluated the SpO2 measurement accuracy of a Nihon Kohden and a Masimo monitor compared to actual arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). SpO2 was simultaneously measured by a Nihon Kohden and Masimo monitor in patients consecutively admitted to a general intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated. Bland–Altman plots were used to compare measured SpO2 with actual SaO2. One hundred mechanically ventilated patients and 1497 arterial blood gas results were reviewed. Mean SaO2 values, Nihon Kohden SpO2 measurements, and Masimo SpO2 measurements were 95.7%, 96.4%, and 96.9%, respectively. The Nihon Kohden SpO2 measurements were less biased than Masimo measurements; their precision was not significantly different. Nihon Kohden and Masimo SpO2 measurements were not significantly different in the “SaO2 < 94%” group (P = 0.083). In the “94% ≤ SaO2 < 98%” and “SaO2 ≥ 98%” groups, there were significant differences between the Nihon Kohden and Masimo SpO2 measurements (P < 0.0001; P = 0.006; respectively). Therefore, when using automatically controlling oxygenation with INTELLiVENT-ASV in mechanically ventilated patients, the Nihon Kohden SpO2 sensor is preferable.Trial registration UMIN000027671. Registered 7 June 2017.
Cellular pyrimidine imbalance triggers mitochondrial DNA–dependent innate immunity
Authors: Sprenger Hans-Georg , MacVicar Thomas , Bahat Amir , Fiedler Kai Uwe , Hermans Steffen , Ehrentraut Denise , Ried Katharina , Milenkovic Dusanka , Bonekamp Nina , Larsson Nils-Göran , Nolte Hendrik , Giavalisco Patrick , Langer Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) elicits a type I interferon response, but signals triggering the release of mtDNA from mitochondria remain enigmatic. Here, we show that mtDNA-dependent immune signalling via the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase‒stimulator of interferon genes‒TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS–STING–TBK1) pathway is under metabolic control and is induced by cellular pyrimidine deficiency. The mitochondrial protease YME1L preserves pyrimidine pools by supporting de novo nucleotide synthesis and by proteolysis of the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier SLC25A33. Deficiency of YME1L causes inflammation in mouse retinas and in cultured cells. It drives the release of mtDNA and a cGAS–STING–TBK1-dependent inflammatory response, which requires SLC25A33 and is suppressed upon replenishment of cellular pyrimidine pools. Overexpression of SLC25A33 is sufficient to induce immune signalling by mtDNA. Similarly, depletion of cytosolic nucleotides upon inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis triggers mtDNA-dependent immune responses in wild-type cells. Our results thus identify mtDNA release and innate immune signalling as a metabolic response to cellular pyrimidine deficiencies.
Sex-dependent vulnerability of fetal nonhuman primate cardiac mitochondria to moderate maternal nutrient reduction
Authors: Pereira Susana P. , Tavares Ludgero C. , Duarte Ana I. , Baldeiras Inês , Cunha-Oliveira Teresa , Martins João D. , Santos Maria S. , Maloyan Alina , Moreno António J. , Cox Laura A. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Nijland Mark J. , Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy affects fetal development, predisposing offspring to cardiometabolic diseases. The role of mitochondria during fetal development on later-life cardiac dysfunction caused by maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) remains unexplored.
We hypothesized that MNR during gestation causes fetal cardiac bioenergetic deficits, compromising cardiac mitochondrial metabolism and reserve capacity.
To enable human translation, we developed a primate baboon model (Papio spp.) of moderate MNR in which mothers receive 70% of control nutrition during pregnancy, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) offspring and later exhibiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure at human equivalent ∼25 years. Term control and MNR baboon offspring were necropsied following cesarean-section, and left ventricle (LV) samples were collected. MNR adversely impacted fetal cardiac LV mitochondria in a sex-dependent fashion. Increased maternal plasma aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and elevated cortisol levels in MNR concomitant with decreased blood insulin in male fetal MNR were measured. MNR resulted in a two-fold increase in fetal LV mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MNR resulted in increased transcripts for several respiratory chain (NDUFB8, UQCRC1, and cytochrome c) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase proteins. However, MNR fetal LV mitochondrial complex I and complex II/III activities were significantly decreased, possibly contributing to the 73% decreased ATP content and increased lipid peroxidation. MNR fetal LV showed mitochondria with sparse and disarranged cristae dysmorphology.
Conclusion: MNR disruption of fetal cardiac mitochondrial fitness likely contributes to the documented developmental programming of adult cardiac dysfunction, indicating a programmed mitochondrial inability to deliver sufficient energy to cardiac tissues as a chronic mechanism for later-life heart failure.