bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Factors Affecting Help-Seeking Behaviors in Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fakari Fahimeh Rashidi , Hajian Sepideh , Darvish Soodabeh , Majd Hamid Alavi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Urinary incontinence is widely accepted to be among the most important issues in the global health system. However, only a limited number of women are referred for treatment because different factors complicate help-seeking behaviors. The aim of this study was to explain the factors affecting help-seeking behaviors in women suffering from urinary incontinence.Methods: This study was a qualitative study using the conventional content analysis approach. The study was conducted from December 2018 and August 2019 in Tehran, Iran. The participants were 34 women with urinary incontinence selected using a purposive sampling method. The content analysis approach was based on the Graneheim and Lundman method, and qualitative data management software was used for analysis. Results: Data analysis illustrates two themes; " facilitator " and " inhibitor "; the categories "not perceiving disease", "shame", " negative support of important others", and "non-optimal health care system" were among the inhibitors and the categories " reduced quality of life " and " positive support of important others" were found to be facilitators of help-seeking behaviors.Conclusions: The findings of the present study highlight the need for understanding the underlying facilitators and inhibitors of help-seeking behaviors in women with urinary incontinence. We suggest that healthcare providers consider an open dialogue with patients and consider their subjective beliefs and life context during routine visits to facilitate early diagnosis of the disease and ultimately lead to an improvement in the woman's quality of life.
The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) subgroups and Health impairment among Chinese elderly:A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yangchang , Xiong Yang , Yu Qiuhua , Shen Shisi , Chen Li , Lei Xun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Disability in aged people became one of the major challenges in China due to the acceleration of population aging. Nevertheless, there were limited methods to appropriately discriminate the degree of combined basic activity of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). The present study explored an empirical typology of the activity of daily living (ADL) and its association with health status among the elderly in China.Methods: Data throughout the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) was retrieved and Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify the subgroups of ADL for included elderly subjects. Multinomial regression was performed to detect the effect of identified characteristics with ADL subgroups, and the restricted cubic spine was drawn to show the changes in the relationship between age-specific ADL disability and BMI.Results: The overall participants (n=8108) were divided into three ADL classes by LPA - ‘no BADL limitation-no IADL limitation’ (Class one, n=6062, 75%), ‘no BADL limitation- IADL impairment’ (Class two, n=1526, 19%), and ‘BADL impairment- IADL impairment’ (Class three, n=520, 6%). Compared with the participants in Class one, the oldest-old, living without spouse, lacking of exercise, short in social activities, having experience of falls, having comorbidity of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, decreased cognitive function, depression symptom were highly associated with Class two and Class three. Additionally, malnutrition and asthma were associated with combined BADL/IADL impairment (Class three), while illiteracy was only associated with IADL impairment (Class two). Furthermore, a statistically significant U-shape association was detected between age and BADL/IADL disability (Class three vs. Class two) as well as BMI and BADL/IADL disability (Class three vs. Class one). The elderly aged 80-90 with IADL impairment were less likely to evolve into combined BADL/IADL impairment, and the elderly who were underweight or obese may have higher risk of combined BADL/IADL impairment.Conclusion: A novel functional assessment was explored based on LPA, by which elderly people could be classified into three distinct classes of combined BADL/IADL. The predictors identified with particular IADL/BADL classes could draw early attention to the onset of functional disability and enlighten targeted interventions to address consequent problems of aged people.
Ocular abnormalities in a large patient cohort with Retinitis Pigmentosa in Western China
Authors: Tan Lian , Long Yanling , Li Ziyang , Ying Xi , Ren Jiayun , Sun Cheng , Meng Xiaohong , Li Shiying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background To report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and investigate visual acuity in a large cohort of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients in Western China.Methods The medical records and ophthalmic examination reports of 2127 eyes of 1065 RP patients at one eye hospital were retrospectively reviewed to determined the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and the relationship between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular abnormalities.Results Nyctalopia (58.2%) and blurred vision (27.1%) were the leading reasons for RP patients to request an ophthalmic examination. BCVA measurements in the better eyes at first clinical presentation showed that 304 patients (28.5%) were categorised as blind and 220 patients (20.7%) as low vision. The most common ocular abnormalities were macular abnormalities (59.7%) and cataracts (43.1%). The macular abnormalities included epiretinal membranes (51.1%), cystoid macular edema (18.4%), vitreomacular traction syndrome (2.4%), macular holes (2.3%) and choroidal neovascular membranes (0.05%). Glaucoma was found in 35 eyes (1.6%). The proportions of epiretinal membranes (p=0.001) and macular holes (p=0.008) increased significantly with age. Cystoid macular edema was significantly associated with poorer visual acuity in RP patients with clear lens (p=0.002).Conclusion Cataracts and macular abnormalities are common in RP patients. Of the macular abnormalities, cystoid macular edema may have a negative effect on BCVA in RP patients with clear lens. Therefore, optical coherence tomography screening in RP patients is highly recommended for early detection and treatment of maculopathy.
Представление российских учителей о доброте и ее проявлениях в педагогической деятельности
Authors: Лейбина Анна В. , Понс Франциско , Семенов Юрий И. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In recent years, the research on kindness as a character trait has become a subject of increasing interest. The development of kindness in students is inextricably related to the study of kindness in teachers. However, there is the lack of critical attention paid to pedagogical kindness; the phenomenon of kindness has not been studied previously in Russia. This study aims to examine Russian teachers’ perceptions of kindness, its manifestations, and its importance for educational activities.
Methods. The study participants (302 teachers) filled out an online questionnaire to define the concept of kindness, the way it manifests itself in educational activities, the importance of pedagogical kindness, and its impact on students, and also provided information on their gender, age, religiosity, presence and number of children, teaching experience, and the age group of students they work with. To process qualitative data, open coding and axial coding were used; multinomial logistic regression was used to identify associations between teachers’ perceptions of kindness and kind actions and sociodemographic variables.
Results. The authors (a) identified five thematic categories in the definition of kindness: personal states and qualities, openness to others, understanding of others, external and internal actions and behaviors and (b) proposed a classification for pedagogically kind actions, according to their manifestations during skills and knowledge acquisition, educational activities accompanying educational process, and kindness outside school. No differences were found between teachers’ perceptions of kindness and kind actions and their sociodemographic characteristics. The teachers recognize the importance of pedagogical kindness and its positive impact on students.
Discussion. Kindness is not equivalent to helping behavior. However, kindness usually manifests itself in behavior. Therefore, activity theory should be used as a framework for a further study of pedagogical kindness.
Апробация методики «Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition»
Authors: Павлова Полина А. , Бакушкина Надежда И. , Сулейманова Екатерина В. , Павлова Надежда В. , Лаврова Мария А. , Туктарева Инна В. , Чегодаев Дмитрий А. , Львова Ольга А. , Максимов Дмитрий М. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. There is currently no universal comprehensive measurement tool for the assessment of children development in the Russian Federation (RF). The Bayley-III scales developed by American researchers are widely used as such a tool. Numerous research groups recognize the need to modify the original scales before using them in a new linguistic and socio-cultural environment.
Methods. The authors (a) translated the original Bayley-III manual into Russian, (b) tested the tool by assessing cognitive, language, and motor development of 163 Russian children aged 2–11 months, and (c) made an indirect comparison of the mean scale scores of neuropsychological development and those obtained from the original American sample of children using Student’s t-test.
Results. The modified version of the Bayley-III manual has been successfully tested in the RF. The indices of language and motor development of the children examined in this study did not statistically differ from the original American data (10 points). Higher scores were obtained for the cognitive scale (10.7 versus 10; p = 0.003). However, this effect was not very pronounced (Cohen’s d = 0.25).
Discussion. The indices of neuropsychological development of Russian children fully comply with the original Bayley-III norms, which opens up new possibilities for its use in the RF. Slightly higher scores of the cognitive scale among Russian children do not generally affect the compliance with the original tool, since the difference was not significant. The results of this study can be extrapolated to full-term Caucasian children aged 2–11 months, whose parents have at least secondary education and average level of earnings. The widespread use of Bayley-III requires its further adaptation in larger and more representative samples of children from different regions of the RF with the additional assessment of social-emotional development as well as adaptive behavior.
Bioinformatics-Based Characterization of Proteins Related to SARS-CoV-
2 Using the Polarity Index Method® (PIM®) and Intrinsic Disorder Predisposition
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Uversky Vladimir N. , Dayhoff Guy W. , Huberman Alberto , Buhse Thomas , Márquez Manlio F. , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto , Castañón-González Jorge Alberto , Andrés Leire , Dı́az-González Juan Luciano , González-Bañales Karina 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The global outbreak of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by the infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in China at the end of
2019, signifies a major public health issue at the current time.

Objective:
The objective of the present study is to characterize the physicochemical properties of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins at a residues level, and to generate a “bioinformatics fingerprint” in the form of a “PIM® profile” created for each
sequence utilizing the Polarity Index Method® (PIM®), suitable for the identification of these proteins.

Methods:
Two different bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze sequence characteristics of these proteins at
the residues level, an in-house bioinformatics system PIM®, and a set of the commonly used algorithms for the predic-tion of protein intrinsic disorder predisposition, such as PONDR® VLXT, PONDR® VL3, PONDR® VSL2, PONDR®
FIT, IUPred_short and IUPred_long. The PIM® profile was generated for four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and
compared with the corresponding profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins, SARS-CoV-2 putative proteins,
SARS-CoV proteins, MERS-CoV proteins, sets of bacterial, fungal, and viral proteins, cell-penetrating peptides, and a
set of intrinsically disordered proteins. We also searched for the UniProt proteins with PIM® profiles similar to those of
SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins.

Results:
We show that SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins are characterized by a unique
PIM® profile. A total of 1736 proteins were identified from the 562,253 “reviewed” proteins from the UniProt database,
whose PIM® profile was similar to that of the SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and putative proteins.

Conclusion:
The PIM® profile represents an important characteristic that might be useful for the identification of proteins similar to SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
The Differential Diagnostic Value of the Callosal Angle and Evans Index in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Zhang Jing , Zong Linxiong , Fan Wenping , Wang Botao , Chen Zhiye 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Callosal Angle (CA) and Evans Index (EI) are considered as imaging biomarkers
to diagnose normal-pressure hydrocephalus using traditional MR measurement methods.

Objective:
The current study was aimed to evaluate the differential diagnostic value of CA and EI in the mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:
Five-hundred and two subjects were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) database, which included 168 Normal Controls (NC), 233 MCI and 101 AD
patients. The structural MR images were interactively applied with multiplanar reconstruction to
measure the CA and EI.

Results:
CA presented no significant difference among NC, MCI and AD groups (H value = 3.848,
P value = 0.146), and EI demonstrated higher value in MCI and AD groups than that in NC groups
(P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively). MCI group had significant larger EI (0.29±0.04) than
(0.27±0.03) NC group in 70-75 years old sub-groups. ROC showed that the area under the curve
was 0.704±0.045 for NC-MCI in 70-75 years old groups. The correlation analysis indicated that EI
was significantly negatively related to MMSE scores of MCI patients (r = -0.131, P = 0.046).

Conclusion:
EI might serve as a screening imaging biomarker for MCI in 70-75 years old, and show limited differential
value for the diagnosis of AD. CA could present no diagnostic value for MCI and AD in the current study.
Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study
Authors: Aubourg Timothée , Demongeot Jacques , Vuillerme Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Background
Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established.

Objective
Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults.

Methods
We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs.

Results
The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters.

Conclusions
These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.
The Shafi’i’s and the School of Shafi’ite’s (the Nawawi’s and Ramli’s) Concept of Kafā’ah
Authors: Khanif Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

The harmonic household is viewed to be one of the ideals of marriage. The harmony is possible to gain when the couple have achieved the principles of kafā’ah covering the matters of education, economy, social status and morals. In dealing with the issue of kafā’ah, however, the scripture (al-Qur’ān and Sunnah) has no mentioned any specific regulation of it. Consequently, it tends to urge the emergence of various Islamic legal methods in order to invent the legal status of the issue. The primary literatures have depicted similarities among the Muslim jurists’ view (Shafi’i, Nawawi and Ramli) in formulating the criteria of kafā’ah in marriage, although they have remained differences. This article purposes to examine the literatures and identify the factors influence the formation of the concept, and also consider the acceleration of it in the development of the Shafi’i and Shafi’ite legal thought. This article argues that the similarities involve the theme of pedigree, religion and wealth in kafā’ah, while the differences cover the matters of the physical disability as one of the requirements and rights (khiyār) in terms of transaction. It has been fundamentally influenced by the social, cultural and geographic factors, and the intellectual capacity and capability of the legal scholars.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Cossette-Lefebvre Hugo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe status of indirect discrimination is ambiguous in the current literature. This paper addresses two contemporary and related debates. First, for some, indirect discrimination is not truly a distinct kind of discrimination, but it is simply a legal construct designed to address distributive inequalities between groups. Second, even if one accepts that indirect discrimination is a distinct type of discrimination, the connection between the two kinds of discrimination, direct and indirect, is debated. For some, they are distinct act-types, while for others, indirect discrimination should be conceived as a side effect of prior cases of direct discrimination. In this paper, I argue that indirect discrimination is a distinct act-type that can take place without being connected to prior instances of direct discrimination.
Microangiopathic and Vascular Disorders
Authors: Connell Nathan T. 
Published: January 2021

The thrombotic microangiopathies are characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia and can be classified as autoimmune, drug induced, complement mediated, and infectious/other. Reaching a definitive diagnosis for these disorders can be challenging due to the similarity of presenting symptoms and laboratory findings. Specific disorders described in this review include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathies of pregnancy (including preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome), disseminated intravascular coagulation, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Vascular disorders that lead to hematologic abnormalities are also discussed. Figures show the major classifications of the thrombotic microangiopathies; ADAMTS13 activity in normal and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura plasma; a fragmented red blood cell (arrow), also known as a schistocyte or helmet cell; major considerations in the initial treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and options for refractory patients as well as treatment considerations after discontinuation of plasma exchange; and a diagram of the complement pathway showing regulatory proteins as well as the site of action for the monoclonal antibody eculizumab. Tables list medications associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, diagnostic criteria for HELLP, major classifications and examples of the causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation, diagnostic criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome, vascular purpuras, and criteria for diagnosing hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 10 tables, and 74 references
Key words: anemia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia,thrombotic microangiopathies, thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, von Willebrand factor
The Identification and Management of Malingering in Clinical Settings
Authors: Dent Lauren , Simpson Scott 
Published: January 2021

Malingering is the “intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives.” Malingering is difficult to identify and a challenge for physicians to manage. There are innumerable incentives for malingering, including financial gain, housing, and controlled substances. Although there is no definitive way to identify malingering, clues that suggest malingering include inconsistencies in history and exam, discrepancies among collateral informants, and the results of neuropsychological testing. By recognizing how malingering may be a rational, adaptive choice for patients to address their needs, psychiatrists can preserve the doctor-patient relationship and build an alliance to achieve the patient’s goals in a more productive manner. Pitfalls for clinicians treating malingering patients include burnout, aversive countertransference reactions, and inadequate treatment of comorbid medical or psychiatric conditions. Psychiatrists must also be attentive to appropriate documentation and personal safety. The long-term prognosis of malingering patients is not well understood.
This review contains 5 figures, 7 tables, and 95 references.
Key words: malingering, external incentive, forensic psychiatry, factitious disorder, antisocial personality disorder, countertransference, confrontation