bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HyperEmesis Level Prediction (HELP Score) Identifies Patients with Indicators of Severe Disease: a Validation Study
Authors: MacGibbon Kimber W. , Kim Sarah , Mullin Patrick M. , Fejzo Marlena S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) severity can be underestimated resulting in undertreatment and adverse outcomes. This study was conducted to validate a tool (HELP Score) designed to score HG severity.
Materials and Methods A survey link which included PUQE and HELP Score (HELP) tool questions was posted on websites related to HG. HELP scores were compared to PUQE scores for indicators of severe disease.
Results HELP classified 92% of women reporting “nothing goes or stays down” as severe, compared to 58% using PUQE. Women self-categorizing symptoms as severe were more likely categorized as severe using HELP. Women hospitalized for HG were more likely classified as severe using HELP. HELP performs better than PUQE in identifying patients with severe symptoms requiring intervention.
Conclusion This study provides a novel tool that should be implemented to determine the need for intervention for NVP that may be overlooked using PUQE or empirical assessment.
Results with Posterior Scleral Reinforcement for Progressive Highly Myopic Children in Hungary
Authors: Széll Noémi , Boross Adrienn , Facskó Andrea , Sohajda Zoltán 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose We have been performing posterior scleral reinforcement in our ophthalmological department since 1992 on progressive highly myopic eyes. Here, we report on our results with this technique in the foregoing 7 years in a retrospective comparative design.
Methods Thirty-eight eyes of 32 patients, operated according to Snyder-Thompsonʼs method, were enrolled in this study, and a control group of 9 age- and myopia-matched childrenʼs 14 eyes was built for comparison. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, subjective refractive error (spherical equivalent of spectacle dioptres), and axial length were recorded. Changes within groups were calculated, as well as baseline parameters and their changes during follow-up, and compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed to identify factors that could influence myopia progression.
Results Myopic progression was significantly lower in the operated than in the nonoperated group, both in terms of mean annual axial length as well as refractive error changes (0.21 ± 0.08 mm versus 0.49 ± 0.19 mm and 0.18 ± 0.29 D versus 0.6 ± 0.33 D, respectively). Mean overall visual improvement was more explicit in operated eyes as compared to those left untreated (0.15 ± 0.09 versus 0.01 ± 0.1). No association of any factor with myopia progression could be identified. We encountered no serious or lasting complications.
Conclusion In our clinical practice, posterior scleral reinforcement according to Snyder-Thompson proved to be a safely applicable and effective surgical method to stop or significantly retard pathological increases in axial length and dioptres, and thus can help prevent the onset of myopic degenerative lesions, and irreversible visual impairment in the long run.
A Cascade Process of Hydroxamates Renders 1,6-Dioxa-3,9-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,8-diones
Authors: Nazarian Zohreh , Forsyth Craig M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA cascade route to 1,6-dioxa-3,9-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,8-diones from N,O-diacyl hydroxylamines consisting of a two-step procedure is described. The key transformation is a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N,O-diacyl hydroxylamines promoted by formation of a silylketenaminal followed by an intramolecular cyclization and a final spirocyclization. The optimum reaction conditions employ a one-fold excess of each reagent and are utilized to prepare a range of structurally diverse examples of this class of compound.
Allegra Transcatheter Heart Valve inside a Degenerated Sutureless Aortic Bioprosthesis
Authors: Vondran Maximilian , Abt Bernd , Nef Holger , Rastan Ardawan J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation (VIV) is increasingly being used to successfully treat degenerated surgical aortic valve bioprostheses (SAVs). The new self-expanding transcatheter heart valve Allegra, from New Valve Technology with its special implantation mechanism, has proven its safety and feasibility for patients with degenerated SAVs, but it has never been used in the latest-generation sutureless SAV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the successful VIV of the Allegra prosthesis into a degenerated sutureless SAV, and the procedure yielded an excellent postinterventional hemodynamic results.
Quasi-indirect measurement of electrocaloric temperature change in PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 via comparison of adiabatic and isothermal electrical polarization data
Authors: Crossley S. , Whatmore R. W. , Mathur N. D. , Moya X. 
Published: January 2021

Electrically driven adiabatic changes of temperature are identified in the archetypal electrocaloric material PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 by comparing isothermal changes of electrical polarization due to the slow variation of electric field and adiabatic changes of electrical polarization due to the fast variation of electric field. By obtaining isothermal (adiabatic) electrical polarization data at measurement (starting) temperatures separated by &lt;0.4 K, we identify a maximum temperature change of ∼2 K due to a maximum field change of 26 kV cm−1 for starting temperatures in the range of 300 K–315 K. These quasi-indirect measurements combine with their direct, indirect, and quasi-direct counterparts to complete the set and could find routine use in the future.
Design of modern magnetic materials with giant coercivity
Authors: Gorbachev Evgeny A. , Kozlyakova Ekaterina S. , Trusov Lev A. , Sleptsova Anastasia E. , Zykin Mikhail A. , Kazin Pavel E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe review is devoted to compounds and materials demonstrating extremely high magnetic hardness. The recent advances in the synthesis of modern materials for permanent magnets are considered, and a range of exotic compounds interesting for fundamental research is described. The key details of chemical composition, crystal structure and magnetic microstructure responsible for the appearance of high magnetic anisotropy and giant coercivity are analyzed. The challenges of developing the title materials are noted and strategies for their solution are discussed.The bibliography includes 389 references.
Mdm2 phosphorylation by Akt regulates the p53 response to oxidative stress to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Chibaya Loretah , Karim Baktiar , Zhang Hong , Jones Stephen N. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
We demonstrate that Akt phosphorylation of Mdm2 protein at Ser183 inhibits p53-mediated senescence and promotes ROS-induced tumorigenesis. Thus, different effector kinases can modify Mdm2 and selectively regulate the p53-mediated response to stress. Our study suggests that targeted inhibition of Mdm2 Ser183 phosphorylation would activate p53-mediated senescence and delay tumor progression.
Pathogenic role of delta 2 tubulin in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Pero Maria Elena , Meregalli Cristina , Qu Xiaoyi , Shin Grace Ji-eun , Kumar Atul , Shorey Matthew , Rolls Melissa M. , Tanji Kurenai , Brannagan Thomas H. , Alberti Paola , Fumagalli Giulia , Monza Laura , Grueber Wesley B. , Cavaletti Guido , Bartolini Francesca 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating “dying back” neuropathy featuring a distal-to-proximal peripheral nerve degeneration seen in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The pathogenenic mechanisms of CIPN are largely unknown. We report that in sensory neurons, the CIPN-inducing drug bortezomib caused axonopathy and disrupted mitochondria motility by increasing delta 2 tubulin (D2), the only irreversible tubulin posttranslational modification and a marker of hyper-stable microtubules. These data provide a new paradigm for the risk associated with enhanced tubulin longevity in peripheral neuropathy and suggest that targeting the enzymes regulating this tubulin modification may provide therapies that prevent the axonal injury observed in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Environment-based object values learned by local network in the striatum tail
Authors: Kunimatsu Jun , Yamamoto Shinya , Maeda Kazutaka , Hikosaka Okihide 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Choosing good objects is a fundamental behavior for all animals, to which the basal ganglia (BG) contribute extensively. However, the object choice needs to be changed in different environments. The mechanism of object choice is based on the neuronal circuits originating from output neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. We found that the environment information is provided by fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) connecting to the MSN circuit. More critically, the experimental reduction of the FSI-input to MSNs disabled the monkey to learn the environment-based object choice. This proved that the object choice controlled by the downstream BG circuit is modulated by the environmental context controlled by the internal circuits in the top of BG circuit. This is important for our flexible decision.
Photopatterned biomolecule immobilization to guide three-dimensional cell fate in natural protein-based hydrogels
Authors: Batalov Ivan , Stevens Kelly R. , DeForest Cole A. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceOver the past two decades, natural protein-based hydrogel biomaterials have catapulted cell biology into the third dimension, becoming the modern workhorses of 3D cell and organoid culture. Although these systems mimic many important aspects of native tissue while permitting matrix remodeling and biological integration, spatiotemporal control over cell fate within these materials has not been demonstrated. Here, we introduce a generalizable strategy to covalently decorate cell-laden natural hydrogels with bioactive proteins including growth factors and then use these methods to anisotropically govern cell fates in ways currently unobtainable in synthetic biomaterials. Enabling 4D biochemical tunability within natural protein-based gels, these approaches are likely to find great utility in probing and directing biological functions and in engineering heterogenous functional tissues.
Nonlinear elasticity and damping govern ultrafast dynamics in click beetles
Authors: Bolmin Ophelia , Socha John J. , Alleyne Marianne , Dunn Alison C. , Fezzaa Kamel , Wissa Aimy A. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Click beetles are among animals that amplify mechanical power output using springs and latches to perform ultrafast movements. Studies involving these animals have been limited to observing the kinematics of the movements. Here, we study the kinematics and dynamics of the extremely fast bending maneuver performed by click beetles (i.e., the clicking motion). First, we identify the latching, loading, and release phases of the clicking motion using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. Second, we discover a portion of the spring mechanism that the beetles use to store and quickly release energy. Finally, using specialized analytical methods, we characterize the damping and elastic forces that govern the release phase, which explains why the beetles can rapidly perform this click without significant damage.
Acceleration of catalysis in dihydrofolate reductase by transient, site-specific photothermal excitation
Authors: Kozlowski Rachel , Zhao Jing , Dyer R. Brian 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Direct excitation of specific protein structural dynamics as a test of their role in enzyme catalysis has not yet been possible. Here we show that such motions can be excited photothermally, using a gold nanoparticle attached to a specific site on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). DHFR is known to adopt multiple ground-state conformations having different kinetics of enzyme turnover. Site-specific photothermal excitation enables the enzyme to sample different reactive basins in the catalytic energy landscape and accelerates catalysis. We postulate that transient, site-specific heating excites a network of coupled motions that form a collective breathing mode of the protein structure near the active site, facilitating redistribution of the population into more reactive conformations.
The Tiger Rattlesnake genome reveals a complex genotype underlying a simple venom phenotype
Authors: Margres Mark J. , Rautsaw Rhett M. , Strickland Jason L. , Mason Andrew J. , Schramer Tristan D. , Hofmann Erich P. , Stiers Erin , Ellsworth Schyler A. , Nystrom Gunnar S. , Hogan Michael P. , Bartlett Daniel A. , Colston Timothy J. , Gilbert David M. , Rokyta Darin R. , Parkinson Christopher L. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
A central question in biology is whether trait differences are the result of variation in gene number, sequence, or regulation. Snake venoms are an excellent system for addressing this question because of their genetic tractability, contributions to fitness, and high evolutionary rates. We sequenced and assembled the genome of the Tiger Rattlesnake to determine whether the simplest rattlesnake venom was the product of a simple or complex genotype. The number of venom genes greatly exceeded the number of venom proteins producing the simple phenotype, indicating regulatory mechanisms were responsible for the production of the simplest, but most toxic, rattlesnake venom. We suggest that the retention of genomic complexity may be the result of shared regulatory elements among gene-family members.
Accumulation of styrene oligomers alters lipid membrane phase order and miscibility
Authors: Morandi Mattia I. , Kluzek Monika , Wolff Jean , Schroder André , Thalmann Fabrice , Marques Carlos M. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Accumulation of nanopollutants in lifeforms has become the subject of increasing concern, but effects are not understood. Biological systems are inherently complex, and therefore any small variations on the membrane properties can potentially perturb cell functionality. In this study we observe that the presence of styrene oligomers in lipid membranes alters their phase behavior, with stronger changes occurring in more complex systems, which could translate into potential cellular disruption. This study provides evidence that the presence of nanopollutants in the membrane may alter its fundamental properties and affect cell viability.
DNA origami demonstrate the unique stimulatory power of single pMHCs as T cell antigens
Authors: Hellmeier Joschka , Platzer Rene , Eklund Alexandra S. , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Karner Andreas , Motsch Viktoria , Schneider Magdalena C. , Kurz Elke , Bamieh Victor , Brameshuber Mario , Preiner Johannes , Jungmann Ralf , Stockinger Hannes , Schütz Gerhard J. , Huppa Johannes B. , Sevcsik Eva 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The nanoscale organization of ligands and receptors is critical for cellular communication yet inherently challenging to investigate. We have here devised a DNA origami-based biointerface which allows the experimenter to adjust protein distances with nanometer precision as a means to enhance or disturb signaling while being responsive to large-scale reorganization processes during cell activation. Applying this biointerface to study the spatial requirements of T cell activation, we find that the smallest signaling-competent receptor unit consists of two stably ligated T cell receptors (TCRs) within a distance of 20 nanometers. Spatial organization of the physiological ligand pMHC, however, is not a relevant parameter of antigen-mediated T cell activation, as single, well-isolated pMHC molecules efficiently stimulate T cells.
Discovery of a hidden transient state in all bromodomain families
Authors: Raich Lluís , Meier Katharina , Günther Judith , Christ Clara D. , Noé Frank , Olsson Simon 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Proteins dynamically shape shift, adopting different three-dimensional structures, called conformations. The conformations fulfill different functions and expose different binding surfaces to drug molecules aiming to inhibit the protein. While structural biology experiments can capture the most frequently occurring conformations, those that are more rarely visited are very difficult to capture but may be functionally important. Using extensive computer simulations, we discover an undocumented conformation present in all families of bromodomains—protein domains crucial for epigenetic regulation and associated with several diseases. We also show that available experimental data confirms the existence of this previously overlooked state. The surprising ubiquity of this new conformation makes it a likely player in biological function and opens up new drug development strategies.
Structurally silent peptide anchor modifications allosterically modulate T cell recognition in a receptor-dependent manner
Authors: Smith Angela R. , Alonso Jesus A. , Ayres Cory M. , Singh Nishant K. , Hellman Lance M. , Baker Brian M. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceThe strength of peptide binding to class I MHC proteins is a correlate of immunogenicity. However, many peptides of interest, including shared tumor antigens, bind weakly and are poorly immunogenic. Considerable effort has been spent generating stronger-binding variants of these, with the goal of using them as vaccines to elicit responses against the unmodified peptides. We show that common modifications used to improve peptide binding can unpredictably alter T cell recognition. The alterations arise from structurally silent, “through-protein” effects that are sensed differently by different T cell receptors. Our results have implications for the design and use of modified peptides, as well as efforts to predict the immunogenicity of peptides incorporating similar modifications, such as tumor neoantigens.
Bifurcation of excited state trajectories toward energy transfer or electron transfer directed by wave function symmetry
Authors: Oviedo Paola S. , Baraldo Luis M. , Cadranel Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Electron transfer and energy transfer are the simplest chemical reactions and the key processes involved in cellular respiration, energy conversion schemes like photosynthesis, and photoredox catalysis. In photoreactive systems, any decay cascade to lower excited states that precedes electron or energy transfer dissipates part of the energy absorbed from light. Our findings show that influence of symmetry on energy or electron transfer, related to orbital overlap, can be exploited to avoid detrimental energy losses, decisive for improving energy conversion and expanding the limits of photoredox catalysis.
Live-cell epigenome manipulation by synthetic histone acetylation catalyst system
Authors: Fujiwara Yusuke , Yamanashi Yuki , Fujimura Akiko , Sato Yuko , Kujirai Tomoya , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Yamatsugu Kenzo , Kawashima Shigehiro A. , Kanai Motomu 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Chemical methods to install histone posttranslational modifications in live cells promise extraordinary potential in epigenome biology and medicine due to the use of endogenous protein levels and lack of genetic manipulation. In this study, we developed a chemical catalyst, PEG-LANA-DSSMe, that binds with nucleosome’s acidic patch and promotes regioselective, synthetic histone acetylation at H2BK120 in living cells. Importantly, the synthetic acetylation suppressed H2B ubiquitination, a critical epigenome mark in cell physiology. This achievement is an example of epigenome manipulation in living cells, entirely relying on the chemical system. In the long term, our catalyst system with further improvements may contribute to both therapy and elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms.
Impact of transnational land acquisitions on local food security and dietary diversity
Authors: Müller Marc F. , Penny Gopal , Niles Meredith T. , Ricciardi Vincent , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Davis Kyle Frankel , Dell’Angelo Jampel , D’Odorico Paolo , Rosa Lorenzo , Rulli Maria Cristina , Mueller Nathaniel D. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Foreign investors have acquired vast tracts of land globally since the early 2000s, yet the food security implications of this phenomenon are poorly understood. The ability to close crop yield gaps through commercial agriculture must be weighed against local impacts on food access. We combine agricultural, remote sensing, and household survey data with georeferenced information on land deals to examine their implications on food production and access. Results point to a paradox where land deals simultaneously contribute to closing the global yield gap by increasing crop production, while threatening local food security by redirecting key dietary nutrients toward the export market. This trade-off between food production and food security calls into question the sustainability of current land investment practices.
PIAS1 modulates striatal transcription, DNA damage repair, and SUMOylation with relevance to Huntington’s disease
Authors: Morozko Eva L. , Smith-Geater Charlene , Monteys Alejandro Mas , Pradhan Subrata , Lim Ryan G. , Langfelder Peter , Kachemov Marketta , Kulkarni Jayesh A. , Zaifman Josh , Hill Austin , Stocksdale Jennifer T. , Cullis Pieter R. , Wu Jie , Ochaba Joseph , Miramontes Ricardo , Chakraborty Anirban , Hazra Tapas K. , Lau Alice , St-cyr Sophie , Orellana Iliana , Kopan Lexi , Wang Keona Q. , Yeung Sylvia , Leavitt Blair R. , Reidling Jack C. , Yang X. William , Steffan Joan S. , Davidson Beverly L. , Sarkar Partha S. , Thompson Leslie M. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Genetic variants in genes involved in maintenance of genomic stability are modifiers of Huntington’s disease (HD) age of onset. This study shows a connection between the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1, DNA damage repair protein PNKP, and HD-associated transcriptional dysregulation. Reduction of Pias1 in a knockin HD mouse striatum normalizes disease-associated aberrant transcription, rescues perturbed enzymatic activity of Pnkp, and increases genomic integrity, while also having transcriptional effects in WT animals. PIAS1 reduction in human iPSC neurons alters transcription of synaptic signaling and DNA damage repair, rescues PNKP activity, and increases genomic integrity in HD iPSC-derived neurons. Finally, PIAS1 can modulate SUMO modification of PNKP, which is the first identification of an enzyme that regulates this modification.