bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal deep learning models for the prediction of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Joo Sunghoon , Ko Eun Sook , Kwon Soonhwan , Jeon Eunjoo , Jung Hyungsik , Kim Ji-Yeon , Chung Myung Jin , Im Young-Hyuck 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe achievement of the pathologic complete response (pCR) has been considered a metric for the success of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and a powerful surrogate indicator of the risk of recurrence and long-term survival. This study aimed to develop a multimodal deep learning model that combined clinical information and pretreatment MR images for predicting pCR to NAC in patients with breast cancer. The retrospective study cohort consisted of 536 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent pre-operative NAC. We developed a deep learning model to fuse high-dimensional MR image features and the clinical information for the pretreatment prediction of pCR to NAC in breast cancer. The proposed deep learning model trained on all datasets as clinical information, T1-weighted subtraction images, and T2-weighted images shows better performance with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.888 as compared to the model using only clinical information (AUC = 0.827, P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that the multimodal fusion approach using deep learning with both clinical information and MR images achieve higher prediction performance compared to the deep learning model without the fusion approach. Deep learning could integrate pretreatment MR images with clinical information to improve pCR prediction performance.
Refining surgical techniques for efficient posterior semicircular canal gene delivery in the adult mammalian inner ear with minimal hearing loss
Authors: Zhu Jianliang , Choi Jin Woong , Ishibashi Yasuko , Isgrig Kevin , Grati Mhamed , Bennett Jean , Chien Wade 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHearing loss is a common disability affecting the world’s population today. While several studies have shown that inner ear gene therapy can be successfully applied to mouse models of hereditary hearing loss to improve hearing, most of these studies rely on inner ear gene delivery in the neonatal age, when mouse inner ear has not fully developed. However, the human inner ear is fully developed at birth. Therefore, in order for inner ear gene therapy to be successfully applied in patients with hearing loss, one must demonstrate that gene delivery can be safely and reliably performed in the mature mammalian inner ear. In this study, we examine the steps involved in posterior semicircular canal gene delivery in the adult mouse inner ear. We find that the duration of perilymphatic leakage and injection rate have a significant effect on the post-surgical hearing outcome. Our results show that although AAV2.7m8 has a lower hair cell transduction rate in adult mice compared to neonatal mice at equivalent viral load, AAV2.7m8 is capable of transducing the adult mouse inner and outer hair cells with high efficiency in a dose-dependent manner.
Structural basis of human PDZD8–Rab7 interaction for the ER-late endosome tethering
Authors: Khan Haider , Chen Lin , Tan Lingchen , Im Young Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and late endosomes (LEs) are essential for the regulation of endosomal protein sorting, dynamics, and motility. PDZD8 is an ER transmembrane protein containing a Synaptotagmin-like Mitochondrial lipid-binding Proteins (SMP) domain. PDZD8 tethers the ER to late endosomes and lysosomes by associating its C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) with the LE Rab7. To identify the structural determinants for the PDZD8–Rab7 interaction, we determined the crystal structure of the human PDZD8 CC domain in complex with the GTP-bound form of Rab7. The PDZD8 CC contains one short helix and the two helices forming an antiparallel coiled-coil. Two Rab7 molecules bind to the opposite sides of the PDZD8 CC in a 2:1 ratio. The switch I/II and interswitch regions of the GTP-loaded Rab7 form the binding interfaces, which correlates with the GTP-dependent interaction of PDZD8 and Rab7. Analysis of the protein interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry confirms that two Rab7 molecules bind the PDZD8 CC in a GTP-dependent manner. The structural model of the PDZD8 CC–Rab7 complex correlates with the recruitment of PDZD8 at the LE–ER interface and its role in lipid transport and regulation.
A three-dimensional statistical shape model of the growing mandible
Authors: Klop C. ,   MAGIC Amsterdam, Becking A. G. , Klop C. , Koolstra J. H. , Lobé N. H. J. , Maal T. J. J. , Mulder C. S. , Nolte J. W. , Schreurs R. , Vespasiano V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMandibular growth and morphology are important topics in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. For diagnostic and planning purposes, a normative database or statistical shape model of the growing mandible can be of great benefit. A collection of 874 cadaveric children’s mandibles with dental age between 1 and 12 years old were digitized using computed tomography scanning and reconstructed to three-dimensional models. Point correspondence was achieved using iterative closest point and coherent point drift algorithms. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to find the main modes of variation in the data set. The average mandible was presented, along with the first ten PCA modes. The first mode explained 78% of the total variance; combining the first ten modes accumulated to 95% of the total variance. The first mode was strongly correlated with age and hence, with natural growth. This is the largest study on three-dimensional mandibular shape and development conducted thus far. The main limitation is that the samples lack information such as gender and cause of death. Clinical application of the model first requires validation with contemporary samples.
High speed, complex wavefront shaping using the digital micro-mirror device
Authors: Ayoub Ahmed B. , Psaltis Demetri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDigital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) have been deployed in many optical applications. As compared to spatial light modulators (SLMs), they are characterized by their much faster refresh rates (full-frame refresh rates up to 32 kHz for binary patterns) compared to 120 Hz for most liquid crystal SLMs. DMDs however can only display binary, unipolar patterns and utilize temporal modulation to represent with excellent accuracy multiple gray-levels in display applications. We used the built-in time domain dynamic range representation of the DMD to project 8-bit complex-fields. With this method, we demonstrated 8-bit complex field modulation with a frame time of 38.4 ms (around 0.15 s for the entire complex-field). We performed phase conjugation by compensating the distortions incurred due to propagation through free-space and a scattering medium. For faster modulation speed, an electro-optic modulator was used in synchronization with the DMD in an amplitude modulation mode to create grayscale patterns with frame rate ~ 833 Hz with display time of only 1.2 ms instead of 38.4 ms for time multiplexing gaining a speed up by a factor of 32.
Rank‐based energy scheduling strategy of networked microgrids in distribution systems
Authors: Funde Nitesh , Yoon Sung‐Guk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrogrids (MGs) have emerged as a key platform for integrating distributed energy resources into distribution systems. However, a high penetration of renewable energy resources in an MG causes an imbalance frequently between energy generation and load. One solution to this problem is internal energy trading among MGs, where MGs trade (i.e. buy or sell) energy with other MGs in the network. In internal trading, multiple buyer MGs may compete to obtain energy from seller MGs with surplus energy. By contrast, seller MGs also compete to sell their surplus to those confronted with a deficit. Considering this scenario, we propose a novel rank‐based energy scheduling strategy for networked MGs in a distribution system to solve the competition between buyer and seller MGs. The technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution method, which is a multi‐criteria decision‐making approach, is applied to prioritise the MGs. The proposed strategy determines the amount of internal energy to trade for each seller/buyer MG. Different from existing mechanisms, the proposed rank‐based approach evaluates each MG with respect to four criteria: ratio of energy, forecasting accuracy, contribution of supply, and historical performance. The proposed strategy is compared with existing no‐rank‐based scheduling and absolute contribution‐based method. Moreover, the effect of each criterion on the cost of each MG is illustrated by considering and disregarding the criterion in the proposed strategy that demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in reducing the cost of MGs according to their rank in the network.
Improved thermal conductivity and breakdown strength of PVDF‐based composites by improving the dispersion of BN
Authors: Li Yanxin , Wang Zhuo , Kong Menglei , Yi Zhihui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to adapt to the development of electronic devices, it is necessary to improve the thermal conductivity and breakdown strength of composites. Boron nitride (BN) is an ideal candidate material with high breakdown strength and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the introduction of BN nanosheets into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix can improve the thermal conductivity and breakdown strength of the composites at the same time. However, BN nanosheets can easily agglomerate in the matrix, which limits the improvement of the properties of the composites. To overcome this difficulty, appropriate water‐bath heating was used to improve the fluidity of PVDF. Therefore, the dispersion of the filler is improved. When the volume fraction of BN nanosheets is 3% and the preparation temperature is 45°C, the energy storage density of the composites reached 18.5 J/cm3 at 540 kV/mm. At this point, the thermal conductivity was 0.49 W/(m⋅K), 3.5 times that of the pure PVDF film.
Abundance of barium in the atmospheres of red giants in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 104 (47 Tuc)
Authors: Dobrovolskas V. , Kolomiecas E. , Kučinskas A. , Klevas J. , Korotin S. 
Published: September 2021

Context. While most (if not all) Type I Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) are characterised by spreads in the abundances of light chemical elements (e.g. Li, N, O, Na, Mg, Al), it is not yet well established whether similar spreads may exist in s-process elements as well.
Aims. We investigated the possible difference in Ba abundance between the primordial (1P) and polluted (2P) stars in the Galactic globular cluster (GGC) 47 Tuc (NGC 104). For this purpose, we obtained homogeneous abundances of Fe, Na, and Ba in a sample of 261 red giant branch (RGB) stars, which comprises the largest sample used for Na and Ba abundance analysis in any GGC so far.
Methods. Abundances of Na and Ba were determined using archival GIRAFFE/VLT spectra and 1D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundance analysis methodology.
Results. Contrary to the finding of Gratton et al. (2013, A&A, 549, A41), we did not detect any significant Ba–Na correlation or 2P–1P Ba abundance difference in the sample of 261 RGB stars in 47 Tuc. This corroborates the result of D’Orazi et al. (2010, ApJ, 719, L213), who found no statistically significant Ba–Na correlation in 110 RGB stars in this GGC. The average barium-to-iron ratio obtained in the sample of 261 RGB stars, ⟨[Ba/Fe]1D NLTE⟩ = −0.01 ± 0.06, agrees well with those determined in Galactic field stars at this metallicity and may therefore represent the abundance of primordial proto-cluster gas that has not been altered during the subsequent chemical evolution of the cluster.
Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors
Authors: Shukla Vinay , Han Jian-Pu , Cléard Fabienne , Lefebvre-Legendre Linnka , Gully Kay , Flis Paulina , Berhin Alice , Andersen Tonni G. , Salt David E. , Nawrath Christiane , Barberon Marie 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceEndodermal suberin plays crucial roles in plant nutrition by forming barriers for the free diffusion of water and nutrients. Suberin formation is tightly regulated by exogenous and developmental cues, which independently control suberin deposition in the endodermis. A set of four MYB transcription factors, expressed in the endodermis and responding to suberin-inducing conditions, individually prompt suberization and include the MYBs required for suberin formation and regulation. Overexpressing these transcription factors specifically in the endodermis or mutating all four led to plants specifically overproducing or underproducing endodermal suberin, respectively. Physiological analysis of these plants allowed us to decipher the role of suberin independently of synthetic transgenes and other endodermal barriers.
Shear-induced orientational ordering in an active glass former
Authors: Mandal Rituparno , Sollich Peter 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceDense active matter systems are ubiquitous in nature, with examples ranging from the cytoplasm to tissues of motile cells to vehicular traffic jams. Many recent studies have explored the dynamical and transport aspects of such active glasses. However, an understanding of the rheological behavior of these fascinating out-of-equilibrium systems (i.e., their response to mechanical deformation) remains elusive. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulation of a model active glassy system under steady shear, we establish the existence of different dynamical states: disordered, propulsion-induced ordered, and shear-induced ordered (SIO). Combining simulation results with an analytical theory, we rationalize the qualitative features of the SIO state, which is facilitated by the applied shear and appears without any alignment interactions or particle shape anisotropies.
Transdermal vaccination via 3D-printed microneedles induces potent humoral and cellular immunity
Authors: Caudill Cassie , Perry Jillian L. , Iliadis Kimon , Tessema Addis T. , Lee Brian J. , Mecham Beverly S. , Tian Shaomin , DeSimone Joseph M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Vaccination is essential for combatting emerging epidemics and pandemics. Microneedle patches designed to precisely deliver cargos into the intradermal space, rich in immune cells, provide a noninvasive and self-applicable vaccination approach, eliminating the need for hypodermic needles and trained medical personnel for vaccine administration. Here, we show that advanced 3D printing methods allow for the manufacturing of polymeric microneedles of controlled geometries (difficult to manufacture using traditional methods) designed to enhance vaccine component coating. Using model vaccine components, we demonstrated that 3D-printed microneedle delivery resulted in enhanced cargo retention in the skin, activation of immune cells, and more potent humoral and cellular immune responses as compared with traditional vaccination routes.
Tuned vibration modes in a miniature hearing organ: Insights from the bushcricket
Authors: Vavakou Anna , Scherberich Jan , Nowotny Manuela , van der Heijden Marcel 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceMost hearing organs contain an array of sensory cells that act as miniature microphones, each tuned to its own frequency like piano strings. Acoustically communicating insects like bushcrickets have evolved miniscule hearing organs, typically smaller than 1 mm, in their forelegs. It is still unknown how the sensory structures inside the leg vibrate in response to sound. Using advanced imaging techniques, we meticulously mapped the nanovibrations in the bushcricket ear. We discovered a complex motion pattern in which structures separated by only 1/50 mm showed systematic tuning differences. Despite the insect ear’s tiny dimensions, its mode of operation strikingly resembled that of vertebrate ears. Apparently, evolution has provided similar solutions to the spectral processing of sounds.
Right-wing populist media events in Schengen Europe
Authors: Lamour Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Leaders of European right-wing populism (RWP) have developed speeches about the state border control required to
protect the “people” electing them. Nevertheless, are these RWP narratives necessarily circulated during populist media events
that take place in the symbolic locations of European integration? It is argued that border control discourse in these EU places
can be mitigated by RWP actors, but also emphasized by the media depending on the separated predispositions of politicians and
reporters to address the border issue in a given context. Bourdieusian “field theory” is used in this article to grasp the
potential differentiated discursive positioning. Based on a comparative analysis of RWP media events organized in the town of
Schengen in Luxembourg, the investigation allows us to shed new light on the specificities of populism in the media.
Investigating the impact of a semester-long study abroad program on L2 reading and vocabulary development
Authors: Borràs Judith , Llanes Àngels 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the impact that a semester-long study abroad program has on the L2 reading and vocabulary development of a group of Catalan/Spanish bilinguals learning English as an L2 (n = 30). Another objective is to determine whether gains in participants’ vocabulary and reading – if any – are related to their initial L2 proficiency and L2 vocabulary level. Participants were administered (1) a reading text, (2) the Updated Vocabulary Levels Test, (3) a written essay, (4) a placement test and (5) an online questionnaire before and after their SA experiences. The results suggest that the sojourn was positive for participants’ reading comprehension, receptive vocabulary and lexical accuracy, but not for reading fluency, lexical fluency, lexical density and lexical sophistication. It was also found that the students’ initial L2 vocabulary and proficiency level were related to gains in receptive vocabulary and reading comprehension.
Women in radiation (WiR)—a perspective for the strengthening of radiation protection
Authors: Voigt Gabriele , Martinez Nicole E , Garnier-Laplace Jacqueline , Maher Florence , Cousins Claire , Hirth Gillian , Czarwinski Renate , Sapoi Ruxandra , Suzuki Kazuyo , Qiu Rui , Belinco Melina , Di Giorgio Marina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gender balance refers to the equitable treatment and access to opportunities for all genders. In order to achieve true gender balance, a variety of proactive approaches developed collaboratively, with insight from multiple perspectives, need to be implemented. With that purpose, the participation of women in professions related to radiation and radiation protection was prioritised and given high visibility by allocating a ‘Women in Radiation’ (WiR) Special Session at the 15th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), hosted by South Korea on 20 January 2021. In this session, various issues related to gender balance and equity/equality were highlighted by the panellists, and further elaborated in a subsequent discussion with attendees. The main goal of the WiR Special Session was to convene women from different organisations, career and age stages, disciplines and countries, in particular to consider the Asian–Oceanic vision and status of gender equality, along with other topics to support a ‘Call for Action’, with concrete recommendations subsequently provided to IRPA. The discussion stressed the main needs and challenges faced by women working in various radiation fields, along with raising awareness of possible professional and employment opportunities. This paper identifies some steps necessary to encourage, enhance and support the inclusion of more diversity in nuclear professions with specific emphasis on women. In conclusion, gender balance and equality must be at the heart of any strategic plan for the future of the radiological protection profession; international cooperation between relevant bodies is essential for success and could serve as a catalyst for specific policy statements aimed at achieving a balanced representation of women in radiological protection.
Feasibility of longitudinal monitoring of atherosclerosis with pulse wave imaging in a swine model
Authors: Kemper Paul , Nauleau Pierre , Karageorgos Grigorios , Weber Rachel , Kwon Nancy , Szabolcs Matthias , Konofagou Elisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease characterized by compositional and mechanical changes in the arterial walls that lead to a plaque buildup. Depending on its geometry and composition, a plaque can ruptured and cause stroke, ischemia or infarction. Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an ultrasound-based technique developed to locally quantify the stiffness of arteries. This technique has shown promising results when applied to patients. The objective of this study is to assess the capability of PWI to monitor the disease progression in a swine model that mimics human pathology. Approach. The left common carotid of three hypercholesterolemic Wisconsin miniature swines, fed an atherogenic diet, was ligated. Ligated and contralateral carotids were imaged once a month over 9 months, at a high-frame-rate, with a 5-plane wave compounding sequence and a 5 MHz linear array. Each acquisition was repeated after probe repositioning to evaluate the reproducibility. Wall displacements were estimated from the beamformed RF-data and were arranged as spatiotemporal maps depicting the wave propagation. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimated by tracking the 50% upstroke of the wave was converted in compliance using the Bramwell–Hill model. At the termination of the experiment, the carotids were extracted for histology analysis. Main results. PWI was able to monitor the evolution of compliance in both carotids of the animals. Reproducibility was demonstrated as the difference of PWV between cardiac cycles was similar to the difference between acquisitions (9.04% versus 9.91%). The plaque components were similar to the ones usually observed in patients. Each animal presented a unique pattern of compliance progression, which was confirmed by the plaque composition observed histologically. Significance. This study provides important insights on the vascular wall stiffness progression in an atherosclerotic swine model. It therefore paves the way for a thorough longitudinal study that examines the role of stiffness in both the plaque formation and plaque progression.
A non-renormalizable B-L model with Q
4 × Z
4 × Z
2 flavor symmetry for cobimaximal neutrino mixing
Authors: Vien V. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We construct a non-renormalizable gauge

model based on

symmetry that successfully explains the cobimaximal lepton mixing scheme. Small active neutrino masses and both neutrino mass hierarchies are produced via the type-I seesaw mechanism at the tree-level. The model is predictive; hence, it reproduces the cobimaximal lepton mixing scheme, and the reactor neutrino mixing angle

and the solar neutrino mixing angle

can obtain best-fit values from recent experimental data. Our model also predicts the effective neutrino mass parameters of

and

for normal ordering (NO) and

and

for inverted ordering (IO), which are highly consistent with recent experimental constraints.