bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower serum phosphate levels in patients with Legionella pneumonia relative to patients with non-Legionella pneumonia
Authors: Wada Mikio , Kawashima Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Few studies have evaluated serum phosphate levels in patients with Legionella pneumonia admitted to hospitals in Japan. This study aimed to assess serum phosphate levels among inpatients with Legionella pneumonia on admission and compare them to those of inpatients with non-Legionella community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods:
This case-control study included patients aged ≥16 years who were treated for Legionella pneumonia from April 2011 through March 2017 and those aged ≥16 years who were treated for non-Legionella community-acquired pneumonia from August 2014 through July 2015. Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed based on a positive result on the urinary antigen test, as well as radiographic examinations. Serum phosphate levels on admission were compared between Legionella and non-Legionella patients. In addition, serum phosphate levels on admission and on hospital day 5–7 were compared in Legionella patients.

Results:
We evaluated 8 Legionella patients and 61 non-Legionella patients. Median serum phosphate levels on admission were 1.90 and 2.80 mg/dL in Legionella and non-Legionella patients, respectively (P = 0.008). By hospital day 5–7, serum phosphate levels in Legionella patients had increased to 2.61 mg/dL (P = 0.029, relative to admission), which did not significantly differ from those of non-Legionella patients on admission (P = 0.372).

Conclusion:
Serum phosphate levels on admission were approximately 32% lower in Legionella pneumonia patients compared to non-Legionella pneumonia patients, but both were comparable by hospital day 7.
Manifestations and risk factors of post COVID syndrome among COVID-19 patients presented with minimal symptoms – A study from Kerala, India
Authors: Anjana Nalinakumari Kesavan Nair , Annie Twinkle Thomas , Siba Shajahan , Meenu Maheswari Suresh , Chintha Sujatha , Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair 
Published: December 2021

Background:
COVID 19 is associated with the development of post COVID syndrome usually manifested as fatigue, anxiety, joint pain, headache, chest pain, dementia, depression, and dyspnea. Documented evidence of post COVID syndrome among patients with asymptomatic or mild infections, especially from India is less.

Methodology:
A community based prospective cohort study was conducted among 154 patients admitted in CFLTCs of coastal Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during May-August 2020. They were enrolled at the time of their admission to CFLTCs and were followed up for three months after discharge. The discharged patients were followed up at regular intervals of three weeks and three months by telephonic interview using a structured proforma.

Results:
Out of the 154 patients followed up, 57 (37%) were men and 97 (63%) were women. The mean (SD) age of study participants was 31.49 (18.4) years. At least one symptom was present in 120 (78.0%) patients at the time of admission. Cough (29, 18.8%), fever (26, 16.8%), headache (25, 16.2%), rhinitis (23,14.9%) and sore throat (18, 11.7%) were the major symptoms reported at the time of admission. At the end of three weeks, 11 (7.1%) patients and at the end of three months 18 (11.7%) patients reported to have symptoms. Fatigue (5.8%), headache (5.8%) myalgia (3.2%) joint pain (2.5%) and exertional dyspnea (2.5%) were the predominant symptoms. Presence of fatigue, cough and breathlessness at the time of admission, and presence of another COVID positive family member were significantly associated with the appearance of post COVID symptoms.

Conclusion:
Post COVID syndrome is not uncommon in COVID 19 patients with minimal symptoms. Understanding long term consequences of COVID 19 is as important as management of acute COVID 19 due to its multisystem involvement and its implications on health and well-being.
Preparing students for pharmacy practice using critical thinking and reflection
Authors: Garza Kimberly B. , Ford Channing R. , Moseley Lindsey E. , Wright Bradley M. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Social, behavioural, and administrative sciences are among the Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education (ACPE) mandated foundational knowledge requirements for pharmacy school curricula. However, they are often taught in isolation, whereby students lose sight of their meaning and significance in the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP). Objective: The objective was to assess performance and critical thinking skills and explore student perceptions of a Longitudinal Patient Case assignment that integrates knowledge from multiple domains into a learning experience exploring how patients and pharmacists navigate the complexities of the US healthcare system. Methods: Student pharmacists developed their case throughout the term by incorporating course concepts, then submitted a narrated PowerPoint presentation. Quantitative data sources included overall scores, scores for each domain, midterm and final examination scores, and final course grades, analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. Student reflections encouraged self-discovery and professional identity development and served as the qualitative data source. Thematic analysis occurred through a multi-phase approach. Results: All first-year student pharmacists (n = 153) participated. Scores on the narrated PowerPoint were significantly correlated with midterm and final exams and were moderately correlated with overall course grades. Themes that evolved from students’ self-reflections focused on project execution and learning/knowledge. Conclusions: Synthesising and applying content across a course in this manner enables students to make connections, think critically, and be creative.
Dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo na pequena cidade de Terra Boa (PR), Brasil
Authors: Gusmão Paulo Sergio , Bovo Marcos Clair 
Published: December 2021

O uso e ocupação do solo urbano está ligado ao processo de produção capitalista e o modo de ocupação de determinado lugar da cidade. Esses lugares concentram atividades industriais, comerciais e residenciais além de instituições públicas. Assim, o uso e ocupação do solo deve ser definido de acordo com as atividades e equipamentos distribuídos no espaço urbano, sendo que as funções podem variar no tempo e no espaço. Diante disso, a artigo objetiva analisar a dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo na área central da pequena cidade de Terra Boa (PR). O aporte metodológico foi constituído de pesquisa bibliográfica, documentos oficiais do município e pesquisa in loco e elaboração de produtos cartográficos a partir do Corel Draw. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar os diferentes usos e ocupação da área central da cidade de Terra Boa, sendo estes ligados aos setores comerciais, alimentícios, serviços e de áreas residenciais.
Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
Authors: Forstner Veronika , Groh Jannis , Vremec Matevz , Herndl Markus , Vereecken Harry , Gerke Horst H. , Birk Steffen , Pütz Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes
have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still
largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and
aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first,
manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric
CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational,
approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of
climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil
ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly
during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland
ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and
biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to
energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response
to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need
to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore
responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO2
concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this
regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.
Review article: Extreme marine events revealed by lagoonal sedimentary records in Ghar El Melh during the last 2500 years in the northeast of Tunisia
Authors: Kohila Balkis Samah , Dezileau Laurent , Boussetta Soumaya , Melki Tarek , Kallel Nejib 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Tunisian coast has been affected in the past by many events of extreme marine submersion (storms and tsunamis). A high-resolution study along two sediment cores taken from the lagoon of Ghar El Meleh was performed to identify the different paleoextreme events and to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes in the northeastern part of Tunisia during
the Late Holocene. A very high-resolution sedimentological analysis
(granulometric and geochemical) was applied to these cores. These cores
were also dated with isotopic techniques (137Cs, 210Pbex, 14C), and the outcomes reveal five phases of paleoenvironmental changes in this lagoonal complex and identify two sediment layers that are in connection with two major historical marine submersion events. The first layer is mentioned as E1 and seems to fit with the great tsunami of 365 cal CE. This event was marked by an increase in the coarse sediment, and it is correlated for the first time with the immersed city of Neapolis in the northern Gulf of Hammamet discovered in 2017 by the same tsunamis of 365 cal CE. The other sandy layer, referred to as E2, was dated from 1690 to 1760 cal CE and is marked by one specific sedimentological layer attributed to a marine submersion event. This layer could be associated with the 1693 tsunami event in southern Italy or an increase in extreme storm events.
Antarctic snow-covered sea ice topography derivation from TanDEM-X using polarimetric SAR interferometry
Authors: Huang Lanqing , Fischer Georg , Hajnsek Irena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) enables the possibility for sea ice topographic retrieval despite the inherent dynamics of sea ice. InSAR digital elevation models (DEMs) are measuring the radar scattering center height. The height bias induced by the penetration of electromagnetic waves into snow and ice leads to inaccuracies of the InSAR DEM, especially for thick and deformed sea ice with snow cover. In this study, an elevation difference between the satellite-measured InSAR DEM and the airborne-measured optical DEM is observed from a coordinated campaign over the western Weddell Sea in Antarctica. The objective is to correct the penetration bias and generate a precise sea ice topographic map from the single-pass InSAR data. With the potential of retrieving sea ice geophysical information by the polarimetric-interferometry (Pol-InSAR) technique, a two-layer-plus-volume model is proposed to represent the sea ice vertical structure and its scattering mechanisms. Furthermore, a simplified version of the model is derived, to allow its inversion with limited a priori knowledge, which is then applied to a topographic retrieval scheme. The experiments are performed across four polarizations: HH, VV, Pauli 1 (HH + VV), and Pauli 2 (HH − VV). The model-retrieved performance is validated with the optically derived DEM of the sea ice topography, showing an excellent performance with root-mean-square error as low as 0.26 m in Pauli-1 (HH + VV) polarization.
Research Article
Authors: Abbasi Amir 
Published: December 2021

The article examines The Wasted Vigil, a post-9/11 novel by Nadeem Aslam to find out how the writer articulates imperialist ideology in his composition. The study reveals that the writer internalizes the imperialist discourses on the war in Afghanistan and becomes a voice of the imperialist powers by consolidating their ideology. Some of the ideologies that the novel incorporates are Western cultural supremacy, fear of the ‘evil empire’, mystic East, human rights violation, stereotyping, Islamophobia, patriarchy, white man’s burden, rehabilitation and political economy. Inspired by the theories of Said, Dabashi, and Chomsky, the paper approves that the writer, obliterating some ground realities, extends on the persistent misrepresentation of the local culture and stereotypes the war-affected people of Afghanistan as established by the imperialists during the New Great Game.
Influence of Building Characteristics and Building Lifespan on Condominium Operating Expenses
Authors: Issarasak Sittiporn , Chotipanich Sarich , Pitt Michael 
Published: December 2021

This paper is an exploration of building lifespan, building characteristics, and operating expenses. The main objectives are to identify the building component lifespan, including architectural components and engineering components, to determine the pattern of building component replacement life cycle and to examine the relationship between building characteristics and facility operating expenses. The investigation was undertaken through a study of thirty-nine residential condominiums located in Bangkok. The expense data were collected through document searches and surveys with key juristic persons of each condominium. The building service life document was collected from international references and standards. The data were examined using cross-case analysis to identify the lifespan of the buildings and to identify the relationships between the condominium operating expenses and the characteristics of the buildings. It was found that the typical building replacements occur on a broad 60-year cycle that can be subdivided into several phases. Further findings indicate that a significant pattern of building component replacement shifts every two decades through the building lifespan. It was also found that the condominium operating expenses vary according to the building age and building characteristics. Direct variation, inverse variation, and joint variation from the characteristics of the condominium building can be identified. The findings add to the understanding of condominium operating expenses based on building characteristics. The study can provide a reference for consideration of building selection criteria and replacement plans, and for building budget planning based on age and building characteristics.
KAJIAN PENDAHULUAN EFEKTIVITAS DESIKAN PADA VITRIN DI RUANG PAMER LANTAI 3 GEDUNG B MUSEUM NASIONAL
Authors: Dewi Maulidha Sinta , Askari Baninka Azhim 
Published: December 2021

Kelembapan relatif (relative humidity [RH]) merupakan salah satu penyebab penurunan mutu (deteriorasi) koleksi di museum. RH dapat dikendalikan secara aktif menggunakan sistem tata udara (HVAC) atau secara pasif menggunakan desikan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bagaimana efektivitas desikan-desikan yang digunakan di Museum Nasional: gel silika biru lokal (baru dan rekondisi), gel silika oranye dengan pelembap, dan bentonit (Desi Pak®). Kajian dilakukan di ruang pamer lantai 3 Gedung B Museum Nasional untuk melihat kemampuan desikan dalam mengendalikan RH di dalam vitrin. Aspek-aspek, seperti kandungan bahan kimia, harga, dan kemampuan untuk penggunaan ulang menjadi beberapa faktor yang dikaji berdasarkan studi literatur dan lapangan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap jenis desikan efektif mengendalikan RH dalam vitrin dengan catatan jumlah yang digunakan harus dihitung sesuai kondisi lingkungan berdasarkan rumus yang dikembangkan oleh Weintraub (2002).
Impact of new class rules on design and construction of bolted shaft
connections
Authors: Norberg Stefan , Sundberg Staffan 
Published: December 2021

Recently several classification societies have redefined and made more stringent their requirements for coupling bolts. Different bolting methods and their requirements have been further defined. This includes fitted bolts, non-fitted bolts and combinations thereof. For fitted bolts, the term fitted has now been defined as “The accuracy of fit is to be zero or negative clearance” or similar, requiring a verified zero to interference fit. The theoretical requirements and submittals for non-fitted bolt have been further defined as well. These new requirements will result in either larger connections or require coupling bolts that can achieve the required interference fit in a verifiable way. Traditionally, fitted bolts that require an interference fit have been installed after being cooled down with CO2 or liquid nitrogen. There are concerns about this practice due to the rapid temperature change and its effect on the bolt material. There is also the problem of how to remove a bolt fitted with an interference fit without damaging flange holes and bolts, especially after being in operation for some time. Fortunately there are established and new solutions to these updated requirements such as expandable bolts that both create the required fit and are easily removed .The alternatives also include solutions where the flanges are removed and removable couplings are used.
The paper will discuss the design, maintenance and operational aspects of these rules and the different solutions.
Full Scale Dynamic Propulsion Shaft Alignment Investigation
Authors: Leeuwenburg Arie D. , Hooghart B. 
Published: December 2021

SKF Marine ISC was requested by STX Finland Oy, location Rauma to perform full scale dynamic propulsion shaft measurements on board of the RoPax vessel “Pride of France” in order to solve high shaft support bearing operational temperatures.
After modeling the propulsion line with a state-of-the-art CAE software for shaft alignment and vibration calculations and recording of the actual static bearing load and actual static bending stress of the accessible shaft line, during a sea trial, several dynamic measurements like dynamic bending stress, shaft torque and speed, shaft orbit, bearing temperature, vibration and longitudinal shaft movement were measured and recorded.
After analysis of the measured and recorded data, following conclusions could be made; Large longitudinal shafts movements were present in operational condition. Measured shaft support bearing temperatures have a linear relationship with measured and calculated bearing load in operational condition, so temperature readings can be used as a condition monitoring tool to calculate bearing load in different operational conditions.
Multifunctional ZnCo2O4 Quantum Dots Encapsulated In Carbon Carrier for Anchoring/Catalyzing Polysulfides and Self‐Repairing Lithium Metal Anode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yi , Ma Zhiyuan , Yang Guang , Wu Zhen , Li Yuting , Gu Jie , Gautam Jagadis , Gong Xiangxiang , Chishti Aadil Nabi , Duan Suqin , Chen Chong , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries have recently attracted academic/industrial attention due to the high theoretical energy density. However, the capacity decay mainly caused by the polysulfides shuttle effect and poor conductivity of sulfur. Herein, in situ growth of ZnCo2O4 quantum dots (ZCO‐QDs) embedded into the hollow carbon‐carrier sphere (HCS) to form the ZnCo2O4 quantum dots nanocapsule (ZCO‐QDs@HCS) as the multifunctional sulfur host is rationally demonstrated. Based on density‐functional theory calculations, in situ spectroscopic techniques, and electrochemical studies, the synergistic effects on anchoring/catalyzing polysulfide of the ZCO‐QDs@HCS composite in Li‐S batteries is investigated. Interestingly, the ZCO‐QDs@HCS also allows for the controlled release of ZCO‐QDs into the Li‐S electrolyte. Subsequently, it is first discovered that these diffused ZCO‐QDs can act as self‐repairing initiators to stabilize Li metal anodes via rebuilding the damaged solid electrolyte interphase and suppressing Li dendrites growth. With this concept, quantum dots‐based catalyst delivery systems is first constructed in a Li‐S battery, which is similar to the use of nanocarrier‐based drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. The Li‐S cells with the S@ZCO‐QDs@HCS cathode display significantly superior electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity (1350.5 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability (capacity decay rate of 0.057% per cycle after 1000 cycles at 3.0 C).
Acetic Acid‐Assisted Synergistic Modulation of Crystallization Kinetics and Inhibition of Sn2+ Oxidation in Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Yang , Yang Jia , Liu Gengling , Sheng Wangping , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhong Yang , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTin‐based halide perovskites attract incremental attention due to the favorable optoelectronic properties and ideal bandgaps. However, the poor crystalline quality is still the biggest challenge for further progress in tin‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) due to the unfavorable defects and uncontrollable crystallization kinetics. Here, acetic acid (HAc) is first introduced to reduce the supersaturated concentration of the precursor solution to preferentially form pre‐nucleation clusters, thus inducing rapid nucleation for effective regulation of crystallization kinetics. In particular, the hydrogen ion and acetate ion contained in HAc can effectively inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+, and the hydrogen bonding interaction between HAc and iodide ion (I‐) greatly reduces the loss of I‐, which guarantees the I‐/Sn2+ stoichiometric ratio of the corresponding perovskite film close to theoretical value, thus effectively reducing the defect density and maintaining the perfect crystal lattice. Consequently, the HAc‐assisted tin‐based PVSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.26% with superior open‐circuit voltage up to 0.75 V. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintains nearly 90% of the initial PCE even after 3000 h storage in nitrogen atmosphere. This demonstrated strategy enables to prepare high‐quality tin‐based perovskite film with lower defect density and lattice distortion.