bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unroofing and argon mucosal remnant ablation of neonatal duodenal duplication cyst
Authors: Falchetti Diego , Dessanti Antonio , Falchetti Marcella , Strusi Gianpaolo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Duodenal duplication cyst is an uncommon foregut malformation usually diagnosed at birth or during infancy. Differently from elsewhere, sited small bowel duplications cannot be removed with simple bowel resection, because of the proximity of the biliary and pancreatic ducts also possibly with abnormal course.

Case presentation
We report a duodenal duplication cyst in a newborn female requiring early surgery because of nutritional difficulties. The cyst was located adjoined to the second portion of the duodenum sharing part of its muscle wall with the bowel. It was treated by removal of all the esophytic cyst while the remaining mucosa on the common wall with the duodenum was ablated with argon plasma coagulation, preserving the bowel integrity. Early postoperative period was uneventful, and the child could be fed per os on the second day. Yearly follow-up was maintained until 16 years for the risk of recurrence and cancer change due to the incomplete excision. Clinic and echographic controls had always been stayed free from any sequelae.

Conclusions
Foregut duplications should be removed totally to prevent complications and the long-term risk of cancer, but a duodenal resection can be a harmful surgery in neonatal age. Duplication cysts that are impossible to remove totally can be treated by unroofing and argon plasma coagulation of mucosal surface remnants, avoiding the risks of major procedures also in newborns.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among newly arrived refugees and asylum seekers in Germany: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoell Andreas , Kourmpeli Eirini , Salize Hans Joachim , Heinz Andreas , Padberg Frank , Habel Ute , Kamp-Becker Inge , Höhne Edgar , Böge Kerem , Bajbouj Malek 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn total numbers, Germany has faced the largest number of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) in Europe in the past decade. Although a considerable proportion have experienced traumatic and stressful life events, there is no systematic review to date examining the prevalence of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in RAS in Germany.AimsTo calculate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms in the general population of RAS living in Germany after the year 2000 and explore the impact of study- and participant-related characteristics on prevalence estimates.MethodWe systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct and Web of Science from January 2000 to May 2020 to identify articles reporting prevalence of depressive symptoms and PTSD in RAS in Germany (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182796).ResultsIn total, 31 different surveys met inclusion criteria with 20 surveys reporting prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms and 25 surveys symptoms of PTSD. Based on screening tools, the pooled prevalence estimate of PTSD symptoms was 29.9% (95% CI 20.8–38.7%) and of depressive symptoms 39.8% (95% CI 29.8–50.1%). Heterogeneity was large within and between subgroups. In multivariate meta-regressions on depressive symptoms, heterogeneity was largely explained by survey period, length of field period and study quality.ConclusionsPrevalence rates of depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms in RAS are notably large. They exceed the prevalence in the general German population. As a result of high heterogeneity, however, pooled prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution.
Functional Disability Among Older Versus Younger Adults With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Presley Carolyn J. , Arrato Nicole A. , Janse Sarah , Shields Peter G. , Carbone David P. , Wong Melisa L. , Han Ling , Gill Thomas M. , Allore Heather G. , Andersen Barbara L. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:To determine patient and disease characteristics associated with functional disability among adults with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:In a prospective cohort of participants newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and beginning systemic treatment, functional disability in usual activities, mobility, and self-care was measured using the EuroQol-5D-5L at baseline. Demographics, comorbidities, brain metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), and psychologic variables (depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9] and anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale]) were captured. Patients were classified into two disability groups (none-slight or moderate-severe) on the basis of total functional status scores. Differences between disability groups were determined (chi-square and t tests). Associations between patient characteristics and baseline disability were assessed using logistic regression.RESULTS:Among 173 participants, mean age was 63.3 years, 56% were male, 83% had ECOG PS 0-1, and 41% had brain metastases. Baseline disability was present in 39% of participants, with patients having moderate to severe disability in usual activities (37.6%), mobility (26.6%), and self-care (5.2%). Depressive and/or anxiety symptoms ranged from none to severe (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale M = 6.5, SD = 5.3). Depressive symptoms were the only characteristic associated with a higher odds of baseline disability (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.38; P < .001). Participants with poorer ECOG PS (aOR: 4.64; 95% CI, 1.84 to 11.68; P = .001) and depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24; P < .001) had higher odds of moderate-severe mobility disability compared with the none-slight disability group.CONCLUSION:More than one third of all adults with advanced NSCLC have moderate-severe functional disability at baseline. Psychologic symptoms were significantly associated with moderate-severe baseline disability.
Impact of ALK Inhibitors in Patients With ALK-Rearranged Nonlung Solid Tumors
Authors: Takeyasu Yuki , Okuma Hitomi S. , Kojima Yuki , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Tanioka Maki , Sudo Kazuki , Shimoi Tatsunori , Noguchi Emi , Arakawa Ayumu , Mori Taisuke , Sunami Kuniko , Kubo Takashi , Kohno Takashi , Akihiko Yoshida , Yamamoto Noboru , Yonemori Kan 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) rearrangement is a well-known driver oncogene in non–small-cell lung cancer and has also been identified in other types of tumors. However, there is limited evidence on the clinical response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as alectinib and crizotinib, in rare tumors with ALK fusion. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of ALK-TKIs in rare ALK-rearranged tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 2012 and April 2019, clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients with ALK-rearranged nonlung solid tumors who received ALK-TKIs (alectinib and/or crizotinib) outside of clinical trials were reviewed. Expression and/or rearrangement of ALK was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing. The tumor response was assessed according to RECIST (version 1.1). Progression-free survival was estimated from initial ALK-TKI initiation until progression. RESULTS We identified seven patients (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, n = 3; ALK-positive histiocytosis, n = 1; histiocytic sarcoma, n = 1; osteosarcoma, n = 1; and parotid adenocarcinoma, n = 1), with a median age of 17 years. Two rare ALK fusions, namely, CTNNA1-ALK and ITSN2-ALK, were identified. As initial ALK-TKI therapy, five patients received alectinib and two received crizotinib. The objective response rate for the initial ALK-TKI therapy was 85.7% (95% CI, 44 to 97), including two patients who received alectinib and achieved complete response. The median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (range, 1.7 to not estimable). There were no treatment interruptions or dose reductions because of adverse events caused by alectinib. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential benefit of ALK-TKIs, especially alectinib, in patients with ALK-rearranged nonlung solid tumors.
Baseline Metabolomic Profile as Potential Biomarker for Weight Change After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Thaker Vidhu V , Deng Shuliang , Gorski Grzegorz , Vedantam Sailaja , Clish Clary , Salem Rany , Hirschhorn Joel N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Weight loss surgery (WLS) has emerged as an effective treatment for severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 in adults) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is a wide spectrum of long-term response, both in weight change and resolution of T2D after WLS. Younger age at surgery, white race and the extent of weight loss prior to surgery are the known traits associated with favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate untargeted metabolite profile prior to surgery as a potential biomarker for long-term weight change response to WLS.
Methods: Latent class growth mixture modeling (LCGMM) was used to classify the longitudinal weight change trajectories in a cohort of individuals who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Untargeted metabolite profile was done on a 4-module Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) platform on the pre-surgery fasting plasma samples from subjects with weight regain or sustained weight loss. Metabolite wide association studies followed by pathway analysis was undertaken using Mummichog and GSEA algorithms. Partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), a supervised classification framework used for datasets with thousands of correlated variables and a small number of samples that performs variable selection and classification as a one-step procedure, was used to identify the informative features that defined the two groups.
Results: LCGMM identified 3-classes of weight change in a cohort of 1589 subjects who had undergone RYGB – a) typical trajectory with significant weight loss by 12 months with plateau at ~80% weight loss (n= 1357, 85.4%), b) sustained weight loss without plateau (SWL, n=116, 7.3%) c) weight regain (RGN, 116, 7.3%). Samples from 80 subjects each with RGN or SWL (age 42.5 ± 10 years, 55% F, Excess body weight 221 ± 40 lbs) were used for untargeted profiling of 37,570 metabolite features (564 known). After QC and adjusting for age, sex, race and fasting time, 1920 features (37 known) were associated with the weight category at nominal significance (p &lt;0.05). Amongst the known metabolites, the pathways represented in RGN were amino acid metabolism, branched chain and other essential amino acids that have been previously identified as markers of insulin resistance and T2D, while those with SWL were from sphingolipid metabolism. Dimethylguanidino valeric acid, a marker of liver fat and predictor of T2D was higher in individuals with SWL. Pathway analysis of the known and unknown metabolites together revealed pathways in urea cycle, pyrimidine, glutamate, essential amino acids, and butyrate metabolism. Features identified by PLS-DA overlapped with these pathways.
Conclusions: Untargeted baseline metabolites may serve as predictive biomarkers for weight change after RYGB. Future work will focus on developing a metabolite risk score and replication in other cohorts.
Changes in Visceral Fat and Its Correlation With Changes in Metabolic Variables After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Doval Eduardo , Lopez Susana Reyes , Albarran Alejandra , Sosa Ernesto , Ramirez Claudia , Ferreira Aldo , Espinosa Etual 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Obesity is a health problem. There is a relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and various metabolic components. So far the most effective treatment for weight reduction and control of comorbidities is bariatric surgery. After bariatric surgery there is a reduction in VAT and a correlation with better control of metabolic variables would be expected. Objective: To determine the decrease in VAT, calculated by bioimpedance at 3 and 6 months after bariatric surgery and its correlation with changes in metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, HOMA, HbA1c, lipid profile). MATERIAL AND Methods: Patients belonging to the HECMNSXXI Obesity Clinic undergoing bariatric surgery during 2020 who agreed to participate in the study were included. VAT volume was determined before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure by bioimpedance using the SECA mBCA525 body analyzer. At the same time, biochemical metabolic markers were determined (fasting glucose, HOMA, HbA1c, CT, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides). The results were reported using descriptive statistics. A Pearson or Spearman correlation was carried out according to the distribution of the variables. P &lt;0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Eleven patients with a mean age of 49 ± 7 years were included, 73% of them were women. Their average initial BMI was 42 ± 4 kg/m2. VAT prior to surgery had a mean of 10.6 ± 2.5L for men and 6.4 ± 2.4L for women. Eighty-two percent of the patients fulfilled harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was a statistically significant decrease in VAT at 3 and 6 months after surgery in both men and women (Baseline 7.5 ± 3L, 3 months 3.8 ± 2.8 L (p &lt;0.001), 6 months 2.5 ± 2 L (p = 0.001). An average decrease in visceral adipose tissue of 57 ± 24% in women and 34 ± 18% in men (p = 0.18) was found 3 months after surgery and 70 ± 22% in women and 60 ± 21% in men (p = 0.53) 6 months after surgery. Laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) was the type of surgery with the highest percentage of VAT loss at 3 and 6 months, however, this was not statistically significant when compared with Y-Roux Gastric bypass (YRGB). A statistically significant decrease in HbA1c, HOMA, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides levels were found at 3 and 6 months after surgery. However, when correlating the proportion of VAT lost with the metabolic variables, only a significant correlation was found with the HbA1c levels. The higher the proportion of VAT lost, the lower the HbA1c levels (R2 -0.72 p = 0.01). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery produces a statistically significant reduction in visceral adipose tissue from 3 months after surgery. In this study, an inversely proportional correlation was found between the proportion of VAT lost and HbA1c levels.
Diabetes and Insulin Resistance Show Association With Femoral Instead of Abdominal Adipocyte Size in Asian Indians
Authors: Sahlot Rahul , Kumar Anshul , Tiwari Pradeep , Mathur Nitish , Sharma Himanshu , Purwar Naincy , Mathur Sandeep Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Energy intake exceeding expenditure results in adipogenesis, which consists of adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Adipocyte hypertrophy is the pathological hallmark of ‘sick fat’ responsible for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In Asian Indians, who show a thin, fat phenotype, the association of adipocyte hypertrophy in various fat depots with insulin resistance and diabetes is not precisely known. The objective of this study is to find an association between adipocyte size of abdominal and thigh fat depot and certain parameters of diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 172 patients were recruited. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat samples were available of 100 patients (Non-diabetics: 56; Diabetics: 44), whereas thigh fat was analyzed in 72 patients (Non-diabetics: 40; Diabetics: 32). All participants had a BMI of less than 30 kg/m2 to negate the effect of obesity on adipocyte size. Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile including triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured in all participants, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Adipocyte size in biopsied tissue after fixation was measured with the help of Motic Panthera Moticam 5 trinocular microscope (BA210LED) and Adobe Photoshop CC image analysis tool. Results: Mean adipocyte size in abdominal visceral compartment in diabetics and non-diabetics were 16610.3 ± 889.5 um2 and 16129.8 ± 878.5 um2 respectively. Whereas, mean adipocyte size in abdominal subcutaneous fat in diabetics and non-diabetics were 15071.0 ± 1261.1 um2 and 14356.8 ± 1004.7 um2 respectively. Adipocyte size difference of both the abdominal compartments between diabetic and non-diabetic group was statistically non-significant (p= 0.70 & 0.65 in omental and abdominal subcutaneous compartments respectively). Mean adipocyte size of thigh in diabetics and non-diabetics were 13070.2 ± 1416.2 um2 and 9020.1 ± 811.1 um2 respectively and difference between adipocyte size between both groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Thigh Adipocyte size in diabetic subgroup was positively correlated with HOMA -IR (r = 0.4, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r= 0.4, p = 0.03), waist circumference (r = 0.32, p = 0.03). On multivariate linear regression analysis HOMA-IR (β= 0.45, p=0.00), triglycerides (β=0.38, p=0.01) and waist circumference (β=0.35, p=0.02) are predictor of increased adipocyte size. Conclusion: We found that thigh adipocyte size was significantly larger in diabetics in comparison to non-diabetics, whereas no such difference was found in the abdominal fat compartment. In diabetic patients’ thigh, adipocyte size was positively correlated with HOMA-IR, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels, underlining the role of peripheral fat depots in the pathogenesis of diabetes type 2.
Effect of Time-Restricted Feeding on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ruanpeng Darin , Upala Sikarin , Sanguankeo Anawin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting (IF) when food consumption is restricted to a 4–12 hour window, poses unique possible health benefits that allow the nutrient to work in harmony with circadian rhythm. Whether TRF is effective in weight loss and cardiometabolic profile compare to usual diet is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials to investigate the weight and metabolic effects of TRF in humans.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from database inception to November 30, 2020. The search terms included time restricting feeding, time-restricted eating, periodic fasting, intermittent fasting, and periodic fasting. The eligibility criteria included a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effect of TRF as an intervention and control diet on weight and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight (BMI 23–26.9 kg/m2 in Asian and 25–29.9 kg/m2 in others) or obesity (BMI≥27 kg/m2 in Asian and ≥30 kg/m2 in others) with study duration of at least 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in body weight between preintervention and postintervention. The secondary outcome is the change in total fat mass and lean mass, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Pool mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome.
Results: Four articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. There were 511 participants with BMI 24 kg/m2 and above and aged between 18 and 65. TRF was defined as a 4–8 hours ad-lib unrestricted eating in 24 hours. The control diet was defined as ad-lib eating per usual habits. There was a significant improvement in weight and body composition in the TRF group. The mean weight loss was -2.08 kg (95% CI: -3.49 to -0.68) greater among TRF group. There was a significant total fat mass and lean mass loss in the TRF group with the MD of -1.29 kg (95% CI: -2.04 to -0.54) and -0.59 kg (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.03), respectively. There was no significant change in HDL, LDL, or triglycerides comparing between TRF and control diet.
Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT showed that TRF with no calories restriction resulted in significant decreased in weight, fat mass, and a slight decreased in total lean mass compared with control diet. Our findings support TRF as an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss.
Endocrine and Metabolic Comorbidities in Hospitalized Psoriasis Patients in the United States
Authors: Edigin Ehizogie , Eseaton Precious , Shaka Hafeez , Akuna Emmanuel , Asemota Iriagbonse , Asotibe Jennifer Chiagoziem , Williams Dimeji , Velazquez Genaro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated, genetic disease manifesting in the skin or joints or both. Studies have shown an association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome [1]. However, there is a scarcity of studies on metabolic and endocrine co-morbidities of hospitalized psoriasis patients. This study aims to compare the prevalence of metabolic and endocrine co-morbidities in hospitalized psoriasis patients to hospitalized non-psoriasis patients.
Methods: Data were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016 and 2017 Database. NIS is the largest inpatient hospitalization database in the United States. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations for adult patients aged 18 years or above with a principal or secondary diagnosis of psoriasis and those without any diagnosis of psoriasis. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of common metabolic and endocrine comorbidities between psoriasis and non-psoriasis hospitalized patients. Co-morbidities were obtained from secondary diagnoses. We used ICD-10 codes to obtain psoriasis hospitalizations and co-morbidities. STATA, version 16 was used for analysis.
Results: There were over 71 million discharges in the combined 2016 and 2017 NIS database. Out of this, 323,405 hospitalizations had a diagnosis of psoriasis. Psoriasis hospitalizations had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.8% vs 31.8%, p&lt;0.0001), hypothyroidism (15.6% vs 12.0%, p&lt;0.0001), hyperthyroidism (0.6% vs 0.5%, p=0.0133), type 2 diabetes mellitus (31.1% vs 24.5%, p&lt;0.0001), obesity (24.4% vs 14.3%, p&lt;0.0001), Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (0.9% vs 0.3%, p&lt;0.0001) and similar prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (0.9% vs 0.9%, p=0.1567) compared to non-psoriasis hospitalizations.
Conclusion: Hospitalized psoriasis patients have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to non-psoriasis hospitalized patients. Endocrinology consultation during hospitalization will be helpful in managing these comorbidities in psoriasis patients.
References 1. Gisondi P, Fostini AC, Fossà I, Girolomoni G, Targher G. Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(1):21–28. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.005