bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Urine of Cattle and Buffaloes
Authors: Kushwah Nishtha , Singh Mahendra , Roy Ashwani Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Background: Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows is a common metabolic disorder and a strong determinant of the health and performance of cows throughout lactation. Considerable amount of milk loss takes place with SCK incidence in dairy animals. Greater benefits are to be gained by monitoring the cows for SCK. The current study was aimed to find out incidence of SCK by urine test strip (Keto-Diastix). Methods: The present investigation was carried out on crossbred and Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes (n=180) of the institute herd and rural dairy farms (n=97) around Karnal. The urine samples were tested for subclinical ketosis (SCK) 5-60 days postpartum from August 2019 to March 2020. Meteriological data on wet and dry bulb temperature and ambient temperature was collected and THI was calculated. Data of SCK incidence was classified based on stages of early lactation (5-20, 21-40 and 41-60d), parity (I, II, III and above), seasons (hot-humid, autumn, winter and spring) and milk production level ( less than 10kg, 10-20 kg and greater than 20 kg/d). Milk yield and environment variables were recorded during the experiment. Urine ketone and glucose level was detected by keto-Diastix to find out incidence of SCK. Result: Mean level of ketone bodies in urine was higher (P less than 0.01) in high yielding cows as compared to the medium yielders; however it did not vary in buffaloes. Ketone bodies in urine were high (P less than 0.01) in crossbred cows than that of buffaloes and Sahiwal cows. Urine glucose level did not vary among cows and buffaloes. It is concluded that high producing crossbred cows are more vulnerable to SCK between 41-60d of lactation and in III parity and above due to peak milk production. Sahiwal cows and buffaloes suffer less from SCK probably due to medium level of milk production. Factors like high milk yield, higher parity and hot-humid stress makes the animal more vulnerable to SCK. The screening of urine samples of animals at monthly intervals may be practiced by the farmers to monitor the incidence of SCK.
Evaluation of Tramadol, Pentazocine Lactate and Meloxicam as Pre-emptive Analgesics for Pain Management in Canine Ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Chaithra S.N. , Saikia Basanta , Konwar Bedanga , Bayan Hitesh , Sarma Kalyan , Lallianchhunga M.C. , Arya Rahul Singh 
Published: August 2021

Background: It is usually accepted that some degree of post-surgical pain will be commonly present. There are different pain scales adopted in veterinary practice to assess these behavioural signs to measure pain. VAS had been used in human medicine for many years to measure pain and was found equally satisfactory in dogs. Pre-emptive analgesia (PEA) is grasping popularity in recent days, the concept of which originated during the time of growing appreciation of dynamic characteristics of pain pathway for obtaining effective analgesia prior to the surgical trauma.
Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tramadol, pentazocine lactate and meloxicam as pre-emptive analgesics in dogs premedicated with glycopyrrolate, induction and maintenance with propofol continuous rate infusion (CRI) for certain clinical and physiological parameters. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups viz. Group-T, Group-P and Group-M comprising six animals in each group and all were premedicated with glycopyrrolate, I/M. After 10 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration, pre-emptive analgesia was given (Tramadol in Group-T, Pentazocine lactate in Group-P and Meloxicam in Group-M intravenously). After 10 minutes of pre-emptive analgesic administration, induction was achieved with propofol I/V and also maintained by CRI method up to 1 hour. Clinical and physiological parameters were recorded at 0 (baseline) minute before premedication, thereafter at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr after pre-emptive analgesic administration. Result: There was no sedation observed within 10 min following pre-emptive analgesia and quality of sedation was recorded as score-0 in all the groups. Time for induction was significantly higher in group-M as compared to group-T and P. Quality of induction in all the groups ranged from score-0 to score1, assessment of peri-operative analgesia was recorded as score-0 in group-T and group-P, whereas in group-M it ranged from score-0 to score-1. Depth of anaesthesia was recorded as score-0 to score-1 in all the groups and quality of recovery was recorded as score-0 to score-1 in group-T and group-P and score-1 to score-2 in group-M. Assessment of post-operative analgesia by VAS was significantly lower in group-T as compared to group-P and M. In all the three groups, the heart rate increased significantly at 30 min interval and thereafter it decreased significantly till the end of the study. Respiratory rate also decreased significantly till 1 hr and thereafter it gradually increased till the end of study in all the groups. Rectal temperature, SpO2, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure decreased significantly at 30 min and thereafter increased gradually and approached base values in all the groups.
Pengaruh Tingkat Kematangan Buah terhadap Kehilangan Hasil dan Mutu Green Bean Kopi Robusta
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , Prasetyo Prasetyo , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi 
Published: August 2021

<em>Kepahiang Robusta coffee has received a Geographical Indication (GI) certificate. Maintaining the quality of green coffee bean has been achieved through the application of proper harvesting technology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fruit maturity level when harvested on yield losses due to coffee berry borer (CBB) and the quality of green coffee bean. The research was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020 in Bukit Sari Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. The harvested beans were categorized into 3 groups based on their maturity level, namely: red (K1), reddish yellow (K2), and yellowish green (K3). The parameters observed were the CBB infecteds, yield, physical quality of green coffee bean and chemical content. The results showed that the highest attack rate of CBB found in the red berry about 34.33%, whereas the highest rendement was 20.52% found in yellowish-green berry. The highest percentage of yield loss due to CBB attacks occurred in red berry at 30.23%. However, the best physical quality and chemical content was also found in the red berry.</em>
Tracking Recent DDT Contamination in a Northern New England Watershed
Authors: May Amanda , Doner Lisa , Duncan Jeremiah , Hill Stephen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ecological research since 2005 into potential causes of declines in loon population at Squam Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A., revealed multiple potential causes, but no particular source of contaminants. In 2017, tributary sediment analyses revealed specific sub-watersheds transporting contaminants to the lake (Vogel, 2019). For this study, from 2018 to 2020, we used an approach to this problem that allowed for rapid source area determination of DDT using soil and sediment analyses. We find modern presence of p,p’ isomers of DDT and DDE within the Bennett Brook sub-watershed, arising from 60-year-old orchard applications and a former barn. Highest concentrations, 723 μg/kg p,p’ DDT and 721 μg/kg p,p’ DDE, occur near the barn’s foundation rubble. DDT exceeds that of the daughter product, DDE, in some of the sub-watershed’s soils, including but not limited to the barn site. In the soils where DDT>DDE, we infer delayed breakdown of DDT. DDT<DDE occurs in the streambed and lake deposits, as well as some soils. A Pb-210 dated sediment core, collected near the outlet of Bennet Brook, shows continuous accumulation of the daughter products, DDE and DDD, from 1951 to the present. Residuals are derived from multiple sources within the sub-watershed, including orchard soils, the barn site, and sediment accumulations in the stream. These DDT residues fall below mandatory soil remediation levels for the State of New Hampshire, but exceed some sediment quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life. Bioaccumulation of p,p’ DDE is evident in crayfish that reside in Bennett Brook.
An fMRI-based brain marker predicts individual differences in delay discounting
Authors: Koban Leonie , Lee Sangil , Schelski Daniela , Simon Marie-Christine , Lerman Caryn , Weber Bernd , Kable Joseph , Plassmann Hilke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Individual differences in impatience—how much we discount future compared to immediate rewards—are associated with general life outcomes and related to substance use, psychiatric diseases, and obesity. Here, we use machine-learning on fMRI activity during an intertemporal choice task to develop a brain marker of individual differences in delay discounting. Study 1 (N=110) was used as a training and cross-validation set, resulting in significant prediction accuracy (r = 0.49) and suggesting an interplay between brain regions associated with affect, value, and cognitive control. The validity of the brain marker was replicated in an independent data set (Study 2, N=145, r = 0.45). In both studies, responses of the marker significantly differed between overweight and lean individuals. This pattern is a first step towards a generalizable neuromarker of delay discounting and a potentially transdiagnostic phenotype, which can be used as a brain-based target measure in future studies.
Author’s affiliation misreporting patterns, a cross-sectional evaluation of Qena Faculty of Medicine (QFM) PubMed indexed publication in 2020 as an example of Egyptian academic institutes.
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed A. , Hussien Sarah M. , Ansary Eslam M. , El-Gharably Ahmed Abdelfattah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The scientific activity of an institution or an individual researcher is being measured through various indicators; of which is their amount or publication and citation. Inappropriate presentation or reporting of the authors' affiliation may deprive their institution of getting the research credit for the published work. The study primary objective was to detect the possible patterns of authors' affiliation misreporting by evaluation Qena Faculty of medicine (QFM) (as a representative of Egyptian academic institutions) PubMed indexed publications over one year period. The Secondary objectives were to, 1: document the QFM contribution to the South Valley University (SVU) publications and 2: to check the incidence of contribution from QFM different departments through the same period.
Results

A PubMed search limited to one year searching for publications from SVU, QFM and QUH. The resulted articles were examined to evaluate the contribution of different faculties to the overall SVU publications. QFM and QUH were further evaluated for, contribution of the departments, and the presence of authors affiliation misreporting, the later was divided into three main patterns, Ⅰ: Missing affiliation information, Ⅱ: Mistakes in affiliation reporting, and Ⅲ: Inconsistent affiliation reporting. A total of 261 articles were examined. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was the most contributing by 95 (35.2 %) articles followed by QFM by 77 (28.4 %). For the 77 articles published from QFM and QUH, the cooperation between QFM departments was as follows: authors from only one department (59, 76.6%), two (9, 11.7%), three (4, 5.2%), and four (5, 6.5%), this makes a total contribution of all departments as 105 articles, of which 83.8% and 16.2% from clinical and academic departments respectively. The most commonly occurring authors affiliation misreporting was pattern Ⅱ in 47 (44.8 %) articles, followed by pattern Ⅲ in 31 (29.5%) pattern and pattern Ⅰ in 16 (15.2%).
Conclusions

Certain patterns of authors' affiliation misreporting were detected; identifying such patterns will help avoid them in future and to guard against depriving a certain institution of its research credit. Further evaluation of other faculties or universities on a wider scale is highly encouraged.
Regulation of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Drinking Water Bodies: Reviewing Emerging Solutions for an Emerging Problem
Authors: Pismel Fayga Nunes de Albuquerque , de Andrade Rosane Cristina , Bila Daniele Maia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A growing amount of data in the scientific literature indicates that emerging contaminants, such as Endocrine Disruptors Chemicals (EDCs), have increased in concentration in water bodies in recent years. The main objective of this research was to compile data on legal and regulatory frameworks of different locations regarding the control of estrogens (an EDC) in surface and drinking waters, to support regulation in countries where it has not shown significant advances. An analysis was carried out of the legal provisions aimed at guaranteeing the quality of surface and drinking waters, specifically regarding the control of estrogens, in the United States of America (USA), European Union (EU), Australia and Brazil. Among these, it is emphasized that only Australia has reference values for estrogens in water recycling for drinking purposes. Although several scientific data support the harmful effects of estrogens, several countries do not regulate the maximum values of these compounds allowed in water bodies. Some factors can influence the setting of standards for estrogens in regulations, such as the availability of affordable treatment technologies that are proven to be effective in removing these compounds and the lack of robust analytical methods with adequate limits of quantification for detection in low concentrations that can be widely employed.
Do Functional Limitations Predict Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults in India: A Study based on LASI Survey in India
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Kumar Pradeep , Srivast Shobhit , Patel Ratna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Functional limitation is a relevant health outcome to examine the quality of life among the elderly. In recognition of its importance, research evidence evaluating life satisfaction among older people has increased globally, but such research is minimalistic in the Indian context. Furthermore studies in the Indian context examining life satisfaction among the elderly population in the context of ADL and IADL are hard to find. Therefore, this study examines the association between functional limitations and life satisfaction among the older population in India.Methods: Data for this study was utilized from the recent release of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Life satisfaction was the main dependent variable categorized as 0 “high,” 1 “medium,” and 2 “low.” Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was used to present the preliminary analysis. Apart from that, the ordered logistic regression analysis was used to carve out the results. Results: Overall, about one-third of older adults had low life satisfaction scores, and 46% of older adults had a high life satisfaction score. The low life satisfaction score was higher among older adults who reported poor self-rated health (36.7%) than those who reported good self-rated health (27.9%). For older adults who were independent for ADL, the odds of low life satisfaction score (LSS) versus the combined medium and high LSS were 1.20 times more than for older adults who were not independent for ADL [UOR: 1.20; CI: 1.14-1.26].Conclusion: In this study, a possible association between functional limitations and life satisfaction among the elderly was explored. Both ADL and IADL were noted as factors determining life satisfaction among elderly and elderly reporting ADL and IADL had higher odds of LLS. The setting up of geriatric clinics under the Primary Health Care services would bring the necessary change as this would provide timely healthcare services to the elderly and generate a perception of overall satisfaction among the elderly as they may feel secure in the presence of better health infrastructure.
Knowledge About Palliative Care in Cancer Patients
Authors: Atena Dadgari , Imane Bagheri , Maryam Rassouli , Naiire Salmani , Fatemeh Tahani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient awareness plays an important role in integrating palliative care into the patient care process. Lack of awareness can create a negative attitude towards palliative care and affect patients' decisions during the treatment process. The present study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge about palliative care in cancer patients.Methods: The descriptive-analytical study was conducted with a convenience sample of 103 cancer patients admitted to an oncology ward in Yazd, Iran, A three-part questionnaire including demographic information, sources of palliative care information and the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) was used to collect data. All statistical analyses were performed using software SPSS 21.Results: The mean age of patients was 36.2 ±13.5 years. Of the total, 38.8% of patients received information about palliative care through the media and 36.9% from the treatment team. On a scale of 0 to 13, the mean PaCKS score was 6.7 ± 3.7. A good level of knowledge was reported by 29.1% of participants; however 84.5% stated that they should leave other doctors at the time of receiving palliative care, 71.8% considered palliative care for patients in the last six months of life, 84.5% considered palliative care for patients with cancer, and 70.9% stated that palliative care encourages people to discontinue treatments aimed at treating their disease.Conclusion: Our study found most cancer patients have a moderate to weak level of knowledge and considerable misinformation about palliative care, which highlights the importance of providing palliative care education. The development of training programs in this area could play an effective role in improving patients' knowledge of palliative care.
Association Analysis of Molecular Markers with Essential Agronomic Traits under Normal and Salt Stress in Wide Germplasm of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica L.)
Authors: Yazdizadeh Mehdi , Mohammadi-Nejad Ghasem , Fahmideh Leila , Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Solouki Mahmood , Nakhoda Babak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Food security and nutrition concerns are putting an ancient, climate-smart grain back on our plates; Farm to fork, there has been a revival of interest in millet. Foxtail millet, as a multi-purpose product, has nutritious and medicinal potentials. This research is aimed at identifying combined markers as well as stable associations between such markers and the investigated agronomic traits in a wide range of foxtail millet germplasms under normal and salinity-stress conditions. In this context, association analysis has been conducted among 14 agronomic traits and 331 polymorphic AFLP markers generated by 12 primer combinations in 134 foxtail millet genotypes. Based on the analysis of population structure, the foxtail millet genotypes were divided into six subpopulations. The results showed that a number of markers had stable and significant associations under both normal and salinity-stress conditions with agronomic traits. The primer combinations had high polymorphic percentage, diversity indices were highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Their PIC, MI and Shannon’s indices were also highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Since the markers introduced in this research have stable and strong associations with the investigated traits under normal and salinity stress conditions, they can be suitable candidates’ in future marker-assisted breeding to improve salinity- resistance genotypes of foxtail millet in arid and semiarid areas.
Prevalence and Determinants of Trachomatous Trichiasis towards Elimination of Trachoma in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Authors: Geleta Daniel , Workneh Netsanet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Trachomatous Trichiasis is a preventable and treatable late stage of trachoma infection, mainly exacerbating the condition of poor and marginalized people. Given the hurtful nature of the infection, many countries, including Ethiopia, lack coherent data on the status of the problem toward its targeted time of elimination. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and determinants of trachomatous trichiasis towards the elimination of trachoma in Ethiopia.Methods: Based on the predefined criteria, electronic database searches on the peer-reviewed journal papers of an English version were reviewed on the prevalence and determinants of trachomatous trichiasis among the adult population in Ethiopia from January 2015 to December 2020. After reviewing the quality of the individual sources of evidence by three reviewers, the data items were extracted using a locally devised charting form. Data were synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of publication year, design, study participants, and outcome of interest. Finally, quantitative results were pooled, explored for sources of variation, tested for a potential source of influence of prevalence estimates and publication bias in the statistical meta-analysis using STATA version-16 software.Result: After the exclusion of 121 duplicates, 108 extraneous titles & abstracts, and removal of three articles for the reasons detected on full-text screening, ten eligible studies were included for analysis. All the included studies were cross-sectional studies that took prevalence as the main outcome of interest. Accordingly, the overall pooled prevalence of Trachomatous trichiasis was 1.80 % (95%CI=1.15, 2.44) while an individual prevalence estimate of the studies ranged from 0.5% (95%CI= 0.42, 0.60) to 3.9 % (95%CI=3.82, 3.98). On subgroup analysis, the highest [3.76% (95% CI = 3.20, 4.41)] and the lowest [0.5% (95%CI= 0.42, 0.60)] prevalence were respectively reported in Gambella and Somalia. The trend of the prevalence has demonstrated unstable pattern, while there were no published studies on the determinants of trachoma trichiasis among adult over the specified period of the review.Conclusion: The prevalence of TT was significantly higher than the elimination threshold in all regions of Ethiopia, needing further implementation to facilitate roads toward the elimination.Trail registration: CRD42021260802