bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the whole auditory pathway using high-resolution and functional MRI at 7T parallel-transmit
Authors: Da Costa Sandra , Clément Jérémie , Gruetter Rolf , Ipek Özlem 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to show a MR procedure for the evaluation of simultaneous left and right auditory functions with functional MRI, and high-resolution acquisition of anatomical auditory pathway using parallel-transmit (pTx) methods at 7T.MethodsThe time-efficient MR acquisition included two steps: RF weights were optimized for the regions-of-interest and high-resolution MR images of the inner-ear were acquired for the first 30 min (400 μm-iso resolution) followed by functional MRI acquisitions along the whole auditory pathway during the next 20 minutes. Data was processed with a linear cross-correlation analysis to define frequency preferences for each voxel in the auditory relays.ResultsTonotopic maps revealed ordered bilateral frequency gradients in the auditory relays whereas at the level of the cochlear nuclei and superior olivary complexes the frequency gradients were less evident. A 21% increase in transmit-field efficiency was achieved over the left/right inner-ear regions and thus its main structures were clearly discernible using the pTx methods, compared to a single transmit RF coil.ConclusionUsing 7T pTx allows a fast (less than 60 min in total) and qualitative evaluation of the simultaneous left and right auditory response along the entire auditory pathway, together with high-resolution anatomical images of the inner-ear. This could be further used for patient examination at 7T.
Monitoring adherence to pharmacological therapy and follow-up examinations among patients with type 2 diabetes in community pharmacies. Results from an experience in Italy
Authors: Spadea Teresa , Onorati Roberta , Baratta Francesca , Pignata Irene , Parente Marco , Pannacci Lavinia , Ancona Domenica , Ribecco Paola , Costa Giuseppe , Gnavi Roberto , Brusa Paola 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes is an important public health issue, yet adherence to drugs and regular clinical follow-up is still suboptimal. This study aims to evaluate a community pharmacy programme for monitoring and enhancing adherence to prescribed pharmacological therapies and recommended examinations among patients with confirmed diabetes.

Methods
The intervention was conducted in different Italian areas between April 2017 and January 2018. All adult patients who entered a pharmacy with a personal prescription for any antidiabetic drug and agreed to participate, were interviewed. Those found to be non-adherent received counselling from the pharmacists. All patients were invited for a follow-up interview after 3 months.

Results
Overall, 930 patients were enrolled and completed the baseline interview. We found low rates of non-adherence, ranging from 8% to 13% for prescribed pharmacological therapies, and 11–29% for the recommended clinical examinations. Non-adherence to oral therapies was higher among younger and recently diagnosed patients; that to clinical examinations was higher in men, those with an intermediate duration of diabetes and less educated patients. Large geographical differences persisted after the adjustment for individual factors. Only 306 patients (32.9%) returned for the follow-up interview, most of whom were already adherent at baseline.

Conclusions
Poor adherence to drugs or clinical examinations is not easy to identify in the usual operating setting of community pharmacies. Furthermore, the majority of patients did not return for follow-up, making it impossible to evaluate the efficacy of the pharmacists’ counselling. It might be more effective to plan interventions addressed to specific subgroups of patients or areas.
Microbiota composition and mucosal immunity in patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls
Authors: van Rossen Tessel M. , Ooijevaar Rogier E. , Kuyvenhoven Johan Ph. , Eck Anat , Bril Herman , Buijsman René , Boermeester Marja A. , Stockmann Hein B. A. C. , de Korte Niels , Budding Andries E. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
The etiology of diverticulosis is still poorly understood. However, in patients with diverticulitis, markers of mucosal inflammation and microbiota alterations have been found. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential differences of the gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity between patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls.

Methods
We performed a prospective study on patients who underwent routine colonoscopy for causes not related to diverticular disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants were grouped based on the presence or absence of diverticula. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid and transverse colon. Microbiota composition was analyzed with IS-pro, a 16S-23S based bacterial profiling technique. To predict if patients belonged to the asymptomatic diverticulosis or control group a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression model was used. Inflammation was assessed by neutrophil and lymphocyte counts within the taken biopsies.

Results
Forty-three patients were enrolled. Intestinal microbiota profiles were highly similar within individuals for all phyla. Between individuals, microbiota profiles differed substantially but regardless of the presence (n = 19) of absence (n = 24) of diverticula. Microbiota diversity in both sigmoid and transverse colon was similar in all participants. We were not able to differentiate between diverticulosis patients and controls with a PLS-DA model. Mucosal lymphocyte counts were comparable among both groups; no neutrophils were detected in any of the studied biopsies.

Conclusions
Microbiota composition and inflammatory markers were comparable among asymptomatic diverticulosis patients and controls. This suggests that the gut microbiota and mucosal inflammation do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of diverticula formation.
Multimodal imaging and functional analysis of the chick NMDA retinal damage model
Authors: Heisler-Taylor Tyler , Wan Richard , Urbanski Elizabeth G. , Hamadmad Sumaya , Shah Mohd Hussain , Wilson Hailey , Racine Julie , Cebulla Colleen M. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
The chick is rapidly becoming a standardized preclinical model in vision research to study mechanisms of ocular disease. We seek to comprehensively evaluate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) model of excitotoxic retinal damage using multimodal imaging, functional, and histologic approaches in NMDA-damaged, vehicle-treated, and undamaged chicks.

Methods
Chicks were either left undamaged in both eyes or were injected with NMDA in the left eye and saline (vehicle) in the right eye. TUNEL assay was performed on chicks to assess levels of retinal cell death one day post-injection of NMDA or saline and on age-matched untreated chicks. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed weekly on chicks and age-matched controls day 1 (D1) up to D28 post-injection. Light adapted electroretinograms (ERG) were performed alongside SD-OCT measurements on post-injection chicks along with age-matched untreated controls.

Results
Untreated and vehicle-treated eyes had no TUNEL positive cells while NMDA-treated eyes accumulated large numbers of TUNEL positive cells in the Inner Nuclear Layer (INL), but not other layers, at D1 post injection. Significant inner retina swelling or edema was found on SD-OCT imaging at D1 post-injection which resolved at subsequent timepoints. Both the INL and the inner plexiform layer significantly thinned by one-week post-injection and did not recover for the duration of the measurements. On ERG, NMDA-treated eyes had significantly reduced amplitudes of all parameters at D1 with all metrics improving over time. The b-wave, oscillatory potentials, and ON/OFF bipolar responses were the most affected with at least 70% reduction immediately after damage compared to the fellow eye control.

Conclusion
This study establishes a normative baseline on the retinal health and gross functional ability as well as intraocular pressures of undamaged, vehicle-treated, and NMDA-damaged chicks to provide a standard for comparing therapeutic treatment studies in this important animal model.
Predicting the protective humoral response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Meschi Silvia , Matusali Giulia , Colavita Francesca , Lapa Daniele , Bordi Licia , Puro Vincenzo , Leoni Bruno D. , Galli Claudio , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Castilletti Concetta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Simple and standardized methods to establish correlates to vaccine-elicited SARS-CoV-2 protection are needed.

Methods
An observational study on antibody response to a mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty) was performed on health care workers (V, n=120). Recovered COVID-19 patients (N, n=94) were used for comparison. Antibody response was evaluated by a quantitative anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD) commercial assay and by virus microneutralization test (MNT), in order to establish a threshold of anti-RBD binding antibody units (BAU) able to predict a robust (≥1:80) MNT titer.

Results
Significant correlation between BAU and MNT titers was found in both V and N, being stronger in V (rs=0.91 and 0.57 respectively, p<0.001); a higher incremental trend starting from MNT titer 1:80 was observed in the V group. The 99% probability of high MNT titer (≥1:80) was reached at 1,814 and 3,564 BAU/mL, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.99 (CI: 0.99–1.00) and 0.78 (CI: 0.67–0.86) in V and N, respectively.

Conclusions
A threshold of 2,000 BAU/mL is highly predictive of strong MNT response in vaccinated individuals and may represent a good surrogate marker of protective response. It remains to be established whether the present results can be extended to BAU titers obtained with other assays.
О некоторых вопросах политической экономии в славянских странах
Authors: Рудый Кирилл Валентинович 
Published: September 2021

Аннотация
Это междисциплинарное политэкономическое исследование проведено на примере славянских стран за период с 1991 по 2019 гг. Общих правил влияния электоральных периодов на экономическую политику и экономического роста на политические предпочтения для всех славянских стран установлено не было. Но, выявлен ряд особенностей: а) в славянских странах по сравнению с неславянскими странами с транзитивной экономикой в электоральные периоды наблюдалась более высокая инфляция, а также более активное использование денежной массы и бюджетных инструментов; б) в славянских странах в меньшей степени, чем в неславянских странах отмечалось влияние экономического роста на предпочтения политической системы «экспертов»; в) в восточнославянских странах Беларуси, России, Украины не было найдено общей политэкономической компоненты, но наблюдались особенности влияния экономических и политических событий на политические предпочтения.
Славистические исследования в России
Authors: Никифоров Константин Владимирович 
Published: September 2021

Аннотация
Научное изучение славян началось в России с начала XIX в., когда в российских университетах открылись кафедры истории и литературы славянских наречий, а в славянские страны были направлены русские ученые. Одновременно в этих странах происходило славянское Возрождение, связанное с борьбой за национальное освобождение и восстановление государственности. В этой борьбе славяне рассчитывали на поддержку России и взаимопомощь. Сто лет российское славяноведение последовательно развивалось, однако после революции 1917 г. оно пришло в полный упадок. Эпизодом осталась попытка создания в Ленинграде академического Института славяноведения. Лишь военная угроза и сама война привели к возрождению славистики – сначала в виде славянских кафедр московского и ленинградского университетов, а затем в 1947 г. академического Института славяноведения в Москве. С тех пор именно он олицетворяет российское славяноведение. Институт прошел четыре этапа развития, включая современный, который еще не закончился.
«Священная риторика о тропах и фигурах» (1798) из собрания Российской национальной библиотеки
Authors: Маркасова Елена Валерьевна 
Published: September 2021

Аннотация
«Священная риторика» 1798 года является чрезвычайно ценным источником по истории лингвистических учений не столько потому, что это трактат, содержащий наиболее подробное описание фигур речи в России XVII и XVIII вв. сколько из-за его особого статуса в русской риторической традиции. Сама идея включения фигур речи в учебные программы всегда подвергалась жесткой критике в России. В XIX в. господствовало убеждение, что для совершенствования искусства проповеди нет необходимости изучать фигуры речи, потому что сам Господь может вложить нужные слова в уста проповедника. Поэтому русская версия «Rhetorica Sacra» была отвергнута традицией преподавания риторики и осталась как самой полной, так и самой невостребованной риторикой в России этого периода. Русская версия этой риторики должна быть внимательно изучена и тщательно проанализирована. Рукопись с ее примечаниямм чрезвычайно интересна для истории как лингвистического, так и интеллектуального взаимодействия русской и европейской риторических традиций. «Священная риторика» была нестандартным, маргинальным текстом русского риторического канона, поэтому изучение ее истории и содержания может обогатить представления о формировании лингвистики как науки.
Numerical Analysis of a Finite Element Approximation to a Level Set Model for Free-Surface Flows
Authors: Chacón Rebollo Tomás , Gómez Mármol Macarena , Sánchez Muñoz Isabel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study a finite element discretization of a Level Set Method formulation of free-surface flow.
We consider an Euler semi-implicit discretization in time and a Galerkin discretization of the level set function.
We regularize the density and viscosity of the flow across the interface, following the Level Set Method.
We prove stability in natural norms when the viscosity and density vary from one to the other layer and optimal error estimates for smooth solutions when the layers have the same density.
We present some numerical tests for academic flows.
Practice Report “Smart Disaster Management” — Combining Smart City Data and Citizen Participation to Increase Disaster Resilience
Authors: Wessel Daniel , Holtz Julien , König Florian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmart cities have a huge potential to increase the everyday efficiency of cities, but also to increase preparation and resilience in case of natural disasters. Especially for disasters which are somewhat predicable like floods, sensor data can be used to provide citizens with up-to-date, personalized and location-specific information (street or even house level resolution). This information allows citizens to better prepare to avert water damage to their property, reduce the needed government support, and — by connecting citizens locally — improve mutual support among neighbors.But how can a smart city application be designed that is both usable and able to function during disaster conditions? Which smart city information can be used? How can the likelihood of mutual, local support be increased? In this practice report, we present the human-centered development process of an app to use Smart City data to better prepare citizens for floods and improve their mutual support during disasters as a case study to answer these questions.
Acclimatization studies for degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye and its treatment in moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Khapre Akhilesh , Thakur Chandrakant , Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, acclimatization of microorganisms for the degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye bearing water (AR3BNDW) using activated sludge was performed in a cylindrical aerobic reactor. The initial value of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dye, and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of activated sludge were evaluated as 870.5, 80.6 and 1200 mg/L The experiments were performed at ambient temperature (25–35 °C) and the stabilization was achieved at 15 d. Maximum reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color were observed to be 94.2%, and 91% after 15 d of acclimatization. After completion of acclimatization process, degradation of dye was studied in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). In the process, 38, 50, 68 and 76% color reduction were achieved with polymer carrier fill ratio (FR) of 40, 50, 60 and 70%, respectively in 24 h. For effluent flow rate of 180, 240, 300 and 360 mL/h, respectively, the dye reductions of 76, 60, 48 and 36% and COD reductions of 72, 58, 46 and 34% were achieved in 24 h
Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
Authors: Etebari Amir , Alipour-Banaei Hamed , Andalib Alireza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An all optical comparator is designed based on photonic crystals. The proposed structure was designed based on optical threshold switching that is realized using three nonlinear ring resonators. All nonlinear rings have the same optical characteristics, such that they can drop low intensity (as low as 0.5 W/μm2) optical waves at 1550 nm, but cannot drop the optical waves with optical intensity of 1 W/μm2. For the proposed structure the rise and fall time are about 2 and 1 ps, respectively. Therefore the bit rate is about 167 GHz and the ON/OFF contrast ratios for O1, O2, and O3 are 13.5, 13.6, and 13.3 dB, respectively.
Kant and the Possibility of Transcendental Freedom
Authors: Onof Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
What does Kant claim to have shown in the Resolution of the Third Antinomy (RTA)? A recent publication by Bernd Ludwig shows the shortcomings of a fairly broad interpretative consensus around the claim that all that is at stake in the RTA is the mode of logical possibility. I argue that there is a lack of clarity as to what logical possibility, and that the real possibility of transcendental freedom (TF) is examined in much of the RTA. Ludwig’s own proposal that Kant shows the real possibility of TF however faces major problems. I formulate an alternative proposal that pays due attention to the claim of the antinomy’s thesis, the evolution of the argument of the RTA, and Kant’s later textual references to it. This also deals with the thorny issue of the relation between practical and TF.
Long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the activation of NF-κB pathway in high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells by the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis
Authors: Dong Qianlan , Wang Qiong , Yan Xiaohui , Wang Xiaoming , Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Linping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetic complication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as essential regulators in DN progression. This study is devoted to the research of lncRNA-myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in DN.

Methods
DN cell model was established by high glucose (HG) treatment for human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Cell viability and colonizing capacity were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed via caspase-3 detection and flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for evaluating inflammation. The protein determination was completed using western blot. MIAT, microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p), and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) levels were all examined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Intergenic binding was verified using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays.

Results
HG induced the inhibition of cell growth, but accelerated apoptosis and inflammation as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. MIAT reestablishment prevented the HG-induced cell damages and NF-κB signal activation. Mechanistically, MIAT was proved as a miR-182-5p sponge and regulated the expression of GPRC5A that was a miR-182-5p target. The rescued experiments demonstrated that MIAT downregulation or miR-182-5p upregulation aggravated the HG-induced cell damages and activated the NF-κB pathway via the respective regulation of miR-182-5p or GPRC5A.

Conclusion
Taken together, MIAT functioned as an inhibitory factor in the pathogenesis to impede the development of DN and inactivate the NF-κB pathway via regulating the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis.
Ultraviolet second harmonic generation from Mie-resonant lithium niobate nanospheres
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Liu Zhuojun , Xiang Jin , Chen Bo , Wei Yuming , Liu Wenjing , Xu Yi , Lan Sheng , Liu Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lithium niobate (LN), as a nonlinear material with a large nonlinear susceptibility, has been widely employed in second harmonic generation (SHG) up to ultraviolet (UV) frequency range due to its broad low-absorption window. In nanophotonics, it is possible to harness the Mie resonances associated with the single dielectric particles to boost the nonlinear light–matter interactions. Here, we fabricate single Mie-resonant LN nanospheres on a SiO2 substrate via the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation technique. By exploiting the magnetic dipole (MD) Mie resonance, UV SHG from the LN nanosphere is significantly enhanced with a measured conversion efficiency of 4.45 × 10−8 under the excitation of an fs laser at 750 nm. The single LN nanospheres achieved in this work could serve as Mie resonators for building nonlinear nanophotonic devices such as frequency converters and quantum light sources, etc.
„Werde, der du bist!“. Selbsterkenntnis, Handeln und Selbstgestaltung bei Nietzsche in einem Ineditum von Georges Canguilhem
Authors: Brusotti Marco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In an unpublished text from the early postwar period, Georges Canguilhem deals with Nietzsche’s maxim “Become who you are!” Is this “apparently contradictory formula of a philosopher full of contradictions” really only seemingly inconsistent? Canguilhem regards it as a norm whose supposed metaphysical or objective content dissolves upon further analysis. So he here discerns a new instance of the same potential confusion he had already addressed in his classical essay on The Normal and the Pathological (1943). According to him, the formula “become who you are!” must not be misunderstood in a naturalistic sense, a tendency from which not even Nietzsche himself, Canguilhem thinks, was entirely free. Besides the French philosophy of his time, his philosophical inquiry into “Become who you are!” critically engages two classic German Nietzsche scholars, Ernst Bertram and Karl Jaspers, as well as the French interpreters of the latter’s philosophy of Existenz, Mikel Dufrenne and Paul Ricoeur. Finally, the paper highlights Nietzsche’s specific importance for Canguilhem and the ambivalence in his privileged relationship to the German thinker.
Sources of Nietzsche’s Knowledge and Critique of Anarchism
Authors: Brobjer Thomas H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hundreds of books and articles have been written on Nietzsche and anarchism, but the overwhelming number of them concern how later anarchists have viewed and have been inspired by, or have been critical of, Nietzsche. In the present contribution, I will instead emphasize how his views of anarchism changed, why he was so critical of anarchism and what were his main sources of knowledge of anarchism and the stimuli for his statements.