bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-19 Effect of Low Nutrient Density Diet with Probiotic Mixture (B. Subtilis ms1, B. Licheniformis SF5-1, and S. Cerevisiae) Supplementation on Performance of Weaner Pigs
Authors: Sampath Vetriselvi , Park Hyun Ju , Kim Yong min , Ahn Je Min , Kim Inho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: A total of one hundred and forty, 28 d-old weaner pigs [Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)] with initial body weight (BW) of 6.56±1.25kg were used in a six-week treatment (7 replicate pens per treatment; barrows, and 2 gilts/pen) to evaluate the effect of low nutrient density diet supplement with probiotic mixture supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and gas emission of weaner pigs. RESULTS: Pigs fed low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had linearly increased (P = 0.028, 0.014) the body weight (BW) at weeks 3, and 6. Moreover, average daily gain (ADG) was linearly improved (P=0.018, 0.014, 0.014) at week 3, 6, and overall experiment. However, there were no interactive effects found on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy (E) throughout the experiment. Dietary inclusion of low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation has improved the fecal lactobacillus counts linearly, but E. coli was unaffected during the trail. On day 42, Ammonium gas emission was significantly decrease in pigs fed a low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation. However, H2S, acetic acid, and CO2 were not significantly affected by the probiotic mixture supplementation diet. CONCLUSION: Low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had positively affected the growth performance, fecal microbial, and fecal gas emission on weaner pigs.
PSV-20 The Effect of Black Pepper (Piperine) Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, Fecal Gas Emission, and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs
Authors: Sampath Vetriselvi , Park Hyun Ju , Kim Inho , Wang Huan , Hoque Raihanul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the effect of black pepper (BP) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] finishing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 53.72 ± 1.42 kg were used in 10-week trial and allotted to 6 dietary treatments (6 replications pens/treatment with 5 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were: CON (basal diet), TRT1- CON + 0.025% BP, TRT2- CON + 0.05% BP, TRT3- CON + 0.1% BP, TRT4- CON + 0.2% BP, TRT5- CON + 0.4% BP. A linear increase (P = 0.0380, 0.0061) in body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed respectively, during the overall trial in pigs fed BP supplemented diet compared to control. The dietary supplementation of BP showed a linear increase (P=0.0065) in gain and feed ratio (G: F) at week 10. However, there were no significant results observed on average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall experiment. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was linearly improved (P=0.0531) in BP treatment groups compared to control. In addition, BP diet supplementation had linearly increased fecal Lactobacillus counts (P=0.0482) and decreased E. coli counts (P=0.0306) in pigs at week 10. Furthermore, NH3, methyl mercaptans, and acetic acid was linearly decreased (P=0.0227, 0.0555,0.0541) in pigs fed BP supplementation compare to control. The inclusion of BP supplementation in pigs diet had linearly increased (P=0.0146) the backfat thickness at week 10. Thus, we concluded that BP supplementation had positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs.
PSV-14 The Efficacy of Feeding a Bioactive Peptide in Comparison to Narasin in Growing Pigs in a Commercial System on Growth Performance and Efficiency
Authors: Bradley Casey L , Shieh Thomas S , Azain Michael J , Tsai Tsung Cheng Cheng , Nosbisch Shelby , Walk Roger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At 8-wk post-weaning, pens of split-sexed pigs (26.0 ± 0.25 pigs/pen; 31.3 ± 0.11 kg; DNA genetics) being housed in a commercial research unit were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments to compare the growth performance and efficiency of the system’s commercial nutritional program that included narasin (Skycis™, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at 13.6 g/tonne to a product (2 kg/tonne) containing a combination of bioactive peptides and enzymes (PEP; Peptiva® Optimo, Vitech Bio-Chem Corporation, Orange, CA). Dietary treatments were fed through 4 phases based on feed budgets. Pens were weighed bi-weekly through 59-d on test. There were 12 replications or pens per treatment. Feed was delivered and measured using a Feed Logic system and weigh backs were conducted utilizing a calibrated ruler. Average daily gain and feed intake were calculated on a pen basis. Data were analyzed as a mixed model with dietary treatment, gender, and treatment x gender interaction included. There were no interactions reported (P ≥ 0.0965). During the study pigs performed at or above their commercial counterparts. Overall, body weight, ADG, and ADFI were not impacted by treatment, but pigs fed PEP had an 2.1% improvement in feed efficiency compared to the narasin fed pigs. These results indicate that feeding bioactive peptides plus enzymes may improve feed efficiency without the need of an ionophore in the grower period in a commercial swine facility.
PSVI-19 The Association of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oils Increases the Cecal Biodiversity in Weaned Piglets and Improves Growth Performance in Finishing Pigs
Authors: Junior Sudario Roberto Silva , Resende Maíra , Chaves Rhuan F , Marques Athos Silveira , Murata Pedro Massahiro de Matos , Barbosa Aline Maria Silva , Silva Carina Fernanda Gomes , Ribeiro Charles Muller , Falleiros Francine T , Fascina Vitor S , Silva Claudia Cassimira , Prata Maurício F , Passos Adsos , Cantarelli Vinicius de Souza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) have antimicrobial properties and can be used in antibiotic restriction situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BA and EO on cecal content microbiota in weaned piglets and growth performance from the nursery to finishing phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned at 23 days (6.40 ± 0.53 kg) and assigned into 3 treatments (10 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC), basal diet with antibiotics (PC), and association of 0,3% benzoic acid and essential oil (BA+EO). Colistin sulphate (200 ppm) in the nursery diets and enramycin (10 and 5 ppm) in the growing and finishing diets were used in the PC treatment. The pigs were weighed 0, 42 and 132 days into the experiment. On day 9, one animal per pen (7 replicates) was euthanized and the cecal content was collected for microbiome analyses. Growth performance was analyzed by MIXED procedure (SAS, 2009) and the Tukey test was used to compare the means (P &lt; 0.050). The averages for biodiversity between treatments were compared using the number of OTUs and the Kruskal Wallis test (P &lt; 0.050), and the statistical program STAMP was used. In the microbiome analyses, the results of the taxonomic classification, by principal components analysis (PCA), showed a marked difference in bacterial communities per treatment and a significant increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed in the BA+EO group (P &lt; 0.05). At 132 days, the final weight (P = 0.006) and total average daily gain (P = 0.028) of BA+EO and PC were higher than NC. In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO increases biodiversity in cecal content in the post-weaning period, resulting in an improvement in the growth performance of finishing pigs.
PSVI-18 Nutritional Value of High-protein Yeast Products Fed to Growing Pigs in Comparison to Commonly Used Protein Sources in Swine Diets
Authors: Duarte Ricardo Garavito , Perez-Palencia Jorge Y , Herrick Kevin , Levesque Crystal L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alternative ingredients and co-products from the ethanol and biofuel industries represent an opportunity for utilization in swine diets. The objective of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in two yeast-based high protein DDGS products (HP-DDGS) fed to growing pigs in comparison to common swine diet protein sources. Cornstarch-based diets were formulated using six ingredients as the sole source of AA: spray dried HP-GDDS, ring dried HP-GDDS, conventional DDGS, soybean meal (SBM), enzymatically-treated soybean meal (HP300) and fishmeal (FM). A N-free diet was used to estimate endogenous ileal AA losses. Seven barrows (25 ± 0.8 kg BW) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The experiment was conducted as a 7 × 7 Latin square design with 7 collection periods of 7d (5d adaptation and 2d ileal digesta collection). Pigs were fed at 4% of BW. Diets and ileal digesta were analyzed for AA and titanium. Digestibility values were calculated according to the marker method. The CP and AA concentrations in Spray HP-GDDS and Ring HP-GDDS samples were higher than in the DDGS sample and similar to the SBM and HP300 samples. General SID values were within the mean +/- SD of NRC (2012) values for the six ingredients evaluated. The SID of AA was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in HP300 than in the other protein sources (90.09 vs. 79.97). The SID values were generally similar (P &gt; 0.05) in SBM, FM, Spray HP-GDDS, and Ring HP-GDDS samples (81.49, 78.71, 81.52, and 79.20). The SID values for Lys were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Spray HP-GDDS than in Ring HP-GDDS and DDGS (83.56 vs. 77.33 and 68.53). The HP-GDDS products are potential alternative ingredients to commonly used protein sources in swine diets and the obtained data allows its use in practical diet formulation.
PSV-3 Milk Lactose Concentration Is Altered in Multiparous Sows Supplemented with Sugar from Mid-gestation Through Lactation
Authors: Siomka Alexis M , Young Jennifer M , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Swanson Kendall C , Berg Eric P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using swine as a biomedical model, this study examined whether consumption of added protein (red meat) or free sugar (glucose) throughout gestation and lactation will affect milk composition. Multiparous sows were fed an isocaloric supplement in addition to their normal corn-soybean meal base diet starting on day 40 of gestation and throughout lactation: cooked ground beef (BEEF; n = 10); free sugar (SUG; n = 9); a mixture of the BEEF and SUG diet (BEEFSUG; n = 7); or a caloric equivalent of the base diet (CONTROL; n = 8). Milk samples (30 mL) were collected from each sow at days 0, 6, 12, and 18 of lactation by hand-milking teats after intramuscular injection of 1 cc of oxytocin. Milk was frozen at -20 °C until analyzed for percentage of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, other solids, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Analyses were conducted using the mixed procedure in SAS. For traits occurring over time, a repeated measures statement was used with sow as the subject and the best fit method based on AICC was chosen. There was a day × treatment interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for fat and lactose. There were no significant treatment effects within a day for fat when evaluating mean separations. While percentages were similar across treatment groups on days 0, 6, and 12 for lactose, SUG sows had decreased lactose on day 18 compared to CONTROL and BEEFSUG sows (P = 0.02 and 0.04), with no other significant differences between treatments. There were no treatment or treatment ×day interactions for protein, MUN, total solids or other solids. There was a main effect of day where protein decreased from day 0 to 12; MUN decreased between days 6 and 18; total solids decreased from day 0 to 6; and other solids increased from day 0 to 6 and further increased on day 12. Consumption of a maternal supplementation may impact the percentage of lactose in milk.
PSV-8 Effects of Air Exposure and Agitation on Quality of Stored Boar Semen Samples
Authors: Balogun Kayode B , Stewart Kara R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent adoption of post cervical artificial insemination facilitates lowered concentrations of semen inseminated. In order to achieve this reduced concentration, the volume of the insemination dose has been reduced and replaced with additional air in the semen storage container. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of semen volume, air contact inside semen dose tubes, daily agitation of semen doses and extender type on semen quality, thermo-resistance and bacterial growth in extended boar semen doses over 7 days of liquid storage at 17 C. Ejaculates from 4 terminal cross-bred boars were collected for 4 weeks and used in the 3 x 2 x 2 factorial study. The effects of treatment (CON: 80ml doses sealed at the top of the tube; 40HIGH: 40ml doses sealed at top of tube; and 40LOW: 40ml doses sealed at top of the liquid), extender type (long-term vs short-term), and agitation (agitated vs not agitated) were investigated. The result of the study revealed that motility (P=0.014) and viability (P=0.007) in 40HIGH were lower than CON. pH (P&lt; 0.001) was higher in 40HIGH compared to CON. Agitation did not impact motility (P=0.541), viability (P=0.406) or morphology (P=0.970) while long-term extender maintained higher motility (P=0.034), viability (P&lt; 0.001) and normal acrosomes (P&lt; 0.001) compared to short-term extender. VAP (P=0.039) of 40HIGH was lower than CON in a thermo-resistance test. Bacteria were cultured on both sheep’s blood and MacConkey agar and neither treatment (P=0.798; 0.766) nor agitation (P=0.396; 0.476) impacted bacterial growth in this study. In conclusion, semen doses prepared with 80mL or 40mL of total volume with minimal air contact in the tubes yield more desirable semen quality, as air contact negatively impacts boar semen pH and sperm motility. Additionally, regardless of volume or air exposure, daily agitation of boar semen doses did not affect semen quality.
PSV-9 Effects of Natural Honey Inclusion in Dilution and Freezing Extenders on Frozen-thawed Semen Quality in Boars
Authors: Balogun Kayode B , Nicholls Griffin , Sokunbi Olujide , Stewart Kara R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Improvements in the post-thaw quality of frozen semen could allow increased utilization of this technology in the swine industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural honey inclusion in semen extender and freezing media on motility, mobility, and morphology of cryopreserved boar sperm. Ejaculates from 6 terminal cross-bred boars were collected using the gloved-hand technique for 3 weeks and used in a 2 x 3 factorial study design. Following collection, semen samples were incubated overnight in dilution extender with and without natural honey (D0: Androhep Plus; D1: Androhep Plus + 0.25% honey). The following day, the semen samples were cooled to 4 C in LEY cooling extender then frozen in freezing media containing 93% cooling extender + 6% glycerol + 1% Equex-STM Paste (F1), or freezing media with natural honey replacing 50% of the glycerol (F2) or 50% of the Equex-STM paste (F3). Semen samples were frozen using a controlled-rate freezer and stored in liquid nitrogen. Two straws per treatment for each boar were thawed and semen quality assessed. The inclusion of natural honey in dilution extender had no effect on post-thaw motility (P=0.733), progressive motility (P=0.562), or other mobility parameters (0.995≤P≥0.081). However, D1 had a higher percentage of normal acrosomes (P=0.001) and morphologically normal cells (P&lt; 0.001) resulting from lower tail abnormalities compared to D0 (P=0.006). Post-thaw motility (P&lt; 0.001) and progressive motility (P&lt; 0.001) were increased in F3 compared to both F2 and F1. F1 had reduced normal acrosomes (P=0.009) and morphologically normal cells (P&lt; 0.001) resulting from higher tail abnormalities (P&lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the inclusion of natural honey, at 0.25%, in dilution extender helps maintain normal sperm and acrosome morphology, and replacing 50% Equex-STM Paste with honey in freezing extender improves post-thaw sperm motility and progressive motility of frozen-thawed boar semen.
PSIV-5 Characterization of the Fecal Bacterial Communities of Grass-fed and Grain-fed Bison Heifers
Authors: Rueda Anlly M Fresno , Kruse Carter , Griffin Jason , St-Pierre Benoit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In comparison to the rumen, the bacterial communities of the hindgut have remained largely unexplored in ruminants. They not only strongly influence host health, but also efficiency, notably by continuing fermentation of feed that escaped foregut digestion. In non-domesticated ruminants, such as the North American bison, they are thought to contribute to the higher efficiency of their host on feed of poor quality. To gain further insight on this gut microbial ecosystem, fecal bacterial community composition of bison heifers raised at two locations [Standing Butte (n=17), SD, and Blue Creek (n=17), NE] were investigated. Each animal was sampled once while on pasture, then after 100 days on a grain-based diet. Data generated from Illumina MiSeq (2×300) sequencing of PCR amplicons targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene were analyzed using a combination of custom Perl scripts, and publicly available software (Mothur v.1.40, RDP classifier and NCBI Blast). A total of 26,379 and 13,294 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from Standing Butte and Blue Creek samples, respectively, with 446 and 281 OTUs shared between diets at each respective location. Further analysis of the most highly represented OTUs from each ranch revealed that the abundance of six OTUs differed between diets in Standing Butte heifers compared to nine OTUs in Blue Creek heifers (Kruskal-Wallis sum-rank test; P &lt; 0.05). These included OTUs SD_Bb-00727 (µgrass = &lt; 0.01% vs µgrain = 13.13%) and SD_Bb-00728 (µgrass = 5.62% vs µgrain = &lt; 0.01%) from the Standing Butte samples, as well as OTUs SD_Bb-00730 (µgrass = 0.01% vs µgrain = 10.21%) and SD_Bb-00745 (µgrass = &lt; 0.01% vs µgrain = 3.5%) from the Blue Creek samples. Together, these results indicate that the composition of hindgut bacterial communities of the North American bison are greatly affected by changes in diet.
PSIV-4 The Impacts of Feeding Corn Co-products and Ionophores to Growing Boer Goats
Authors: Dahmer Payton L , Kott Tamra , Crane Alison , Lattimer James , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) as replacements for soybean meal (SBM) and determine the impact of an ionophore on Boer goat growth performance and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 75 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 26.9 ± kg) were allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments: 1) Negative control (100% SBM, 0% DDGS and 0% CGF; 100SBM); 2) Positive control (100% DDGS, 0% CGF and 0% SBM; 100DDGS); 3) 66% DDGS, 33% CGF and 0% SBM (66DDGS/33CGF); 4) 66% CGF, 33% DDGS and 0% SBM (33DDGS/66 CGF); and 5) 100% CGF, 0% DDGS and 0% SBM (0DDGS/100CGF). Dietary treatment did not impact (P ≤ 0.21) growth. In Exp. 2, 72 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 21.7 ± kg) were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial with 2 protein sources and 2 ionophore inclusions: 1) SBM/no ionophore (SBM-NI); Diet 2) SBM with ionophore (SBM-I); Diet 3) DDGS/no ionophore (DDGS-NI); and Diet 4) DDGS with ionophore (DDGS-I). On d 21, goats were split into 2 groups according to their protein source and fed an additional d 10 (Group 1: DDGS-I; Group 2: SBM-I). The 15 heaviest goats from each group were harvested and carcass data collected. The protein source X ionophore interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.15) for any measured response criteria. Goats fed a diet with SBM had significantly increased (P = 0.04) ADG compared to goats fed DDGS. No evidence of difference was observed (P ³ 0.10) for ADFI or G:F. Dietary treatment did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) carcass characteristics. In summary, these data suggest that corn co-products can be economically included in Boer-goat diets, however their impact on growth performance is variable compared to that of soybean meal.
PSVI-7 Evaluation of Feed Mitigant Efficacy for Control of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus When Inoculated Either Alone or Together
Authors: Elijah Catherine , Nichols G E , Gebhardt J T , Jones Cassandra K , Woodworth Jason C , Dritz S S K , Bai J , Anderson J W , Porter E G , Singrey A C , Paulk Chad B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Research has demonstrated that swine feed can be a fomite for viral transmission and certain feed additives can effectively reduce viral contamination. However, additional information is needed to evaluate the efficacy of additives when feed is inoculated with more than one virus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two feed additives for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) when inoculated individually or together. Feed additives included: 1) no treatment, 2) 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product (Sal Curb, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA), and 3) 0.50% medium chain fatty acids blend (MCFA; 1:1:1 ratio of C6:C8:C10, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Samples were inoculated with PEDV and PRRSV alone or together at an inoculation concentration of 106 TCID50/g for all viruses. Once inoculated, feed was stored at ambient temperature for 24-h before analyzed via qRT-PCR. For samples inoculated with PEDV or PRRSV alone, a qRT-PCR assay was used which was designed to detect PEDV or PRRSV nucleic acid. For co-inoculated samples, an assay was designed to independently detect both PEDV and PRRSV within a single reaction. For PEDV alone, there was marginally significant evidence that feed additives resulted in differences in cycle threshold (Ct) value (P = 0.052), but no evidence was observed for pairwise differences. For PRRSV alone, formaldehyde increased Ct compared to the untreated control and MCFA treatment (P &lt; 0.05). For co-infection of PRRSV and PEDV, MCFA and formaldehyde increased Ct (P &lt; 0.05) in comparison to non-treated feed. In summary, formaldehyde increased Ct values in feed when contaminated with PRRSV while both mitigants increased Ct value in feed when co-inoculated with PRRSV and PEDV.