bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive ability of current machine learning algorithms for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kodama Satoru , Fujihara Kazuya , Horikawa Chika , Kitazawa Masaru , Iwanaga Midori , Kato Kiminori , Watanabe Kenichi , Nakagawa Yoshimi , Matsuzaka Takashi , Shimano Hitoshi , Sone Hirohito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecently, an increasing number of cohort studies have suggested using machine learning (ML) to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its predictive ability remains inconclusive. This meta‐analysis evaluated the current ability of ML algorithms for predicting incident type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched longitudinal studies published from 1 January 1950 to 17 May 2020 using MEDLINE and EMBASE. Included studies had to compare ML’s classification with the actual incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and present data on the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives. The dataset for these four values was pooled with a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic and a bivariate random effects model.ResultsThere were 12 eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.90), 0.82 [95% CI 0.74–0.88], 4.55 [95% CI 3.07–6.75] and 0.23 [95% CI 0.13–0.42], respectively. The area under the summarized receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88 (95% CI 0.85–0.91).ConclusionsCurrent ML algorithms have sufficient ability to help clinicians determine whether individuals will develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future. However, persons should be cautious before changing their attitude toward future diabetes risk after learning the result of the diabetes prediction test using ML algorithms.
Development and validation of a shortened and practical frailty index for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Schoufour J. D. , Oppewal A. , van Maurik M. C. , Hilgenkamp T. I. M. , Elbers R. G. , Maes‐Festen D. A. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no widely used instrument to detect frailty in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). We aimed to develop and validate a shorter and more practical version of a published frailty index for people with IDs.MethodThis study was part of the longitudinal ‘Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability’ study. We included 982 people with IDs aged 50 years and over. The previously developed and validated ID‐Frailty Index consisting of 51 deficits was used as the basis for the shortened version, the ID‐FI Short Form. Content of the ID‐FI Short Form was based on statistics and clinical and practical feasibility. We evaluated the precision and validity of the ID‐FI Short Form using the internal consistency, the correlation between the ID‐FI Short Form and the original ID‐Frailty Index, the agreement in dividing participants in the categories non‐frail, pre‐frail and frail, and the association with survival.ResultsSeventeen deficits from the original ID‐Frailty Index were selected for inclusion in the ID‐FI Short Form. All deficits of the ID‐FI Short Form are clinically and practically feasible to assess for caregivers and therapists supporting people with ID. We showed acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. The Pearson correlation between the ID‐Frailty Index and the ID‐FI Short Form was excellent (r = 0.94, P < 0.001). We observed a good agreement between the full and short forms in dividing the participants in the frailty categories, with a kappa statistic of 0.63. The ID‐FI Short Form was associated with survival; with every 1/100 increase on the ID‐FI Short Form, the mortality probability increased by 7% (hazard ratio 1.07, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe first validation of the ID‐FI Short Form shows it to be a promising, practical tool to assess the frailty status of people with ID.
Mothers and fathers with intellectual and developmental disabilities who use US disability services: prevalence and living arrangements
Authors: Stancliffe R. J. , Pettingell S. L. , Tichá R. , Houseworth J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available on the prevalence of mothers and fathers with intellectual and developmental disabilities among US disability‐service users. Child removal is a key issue for these parents.MethodsWe analysed 2018–19 National Core Indicators data from 35 states on US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities being a parent. For parents of a child under 18, we examined whether the child lived with them.ResultsPrevalence of parenthood was 3.7% (6.0% women, 2.1% men). Among parents of a child under 18, 44.0% had their child living with them. Being a mother, being married and living with family were positively associated with child co‐residence. Parents with co‐resident children mainly lived in their own home (59.7%) or their family's home (32.3%).ConclusionsOur prevalence estimate suggests a national total of 33 794 US parents who use intellectual and developmental disabilities services. For parents living with their child, a critical task for disability services is to enable parents and children to live in a family setting.
A randomized controlled study: The effect of preprocedurals ınformative animation watch about echocardiography and ıntraprocedural kaleidoscope watch on anxiety in children
Authors: Molu Birsel , Açıkgöz Ayfer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study was conducted as a randomized controlled study to investigate the effect of procedural cartoons displayed before echocardiography and kaleidoscope display during the procedure on anxiety in children aged 5–12 years.MethodsThe study was completed with 164 children aged 5–12 years who were admitted for echocardiography. The study was conducted with four groups: cartoons group, kaleidoscope group, cartoons + kaleidoscope group, and control group. Data were collected using a follow‐up form and the Children's Fear Scale.ResultsThe results showed that the cartoons, kaleidoscope, and cartoons + kaleidoscope groups had lower anxiety scores during the procedure than during the preprocedural period (p < .001). In the control group, there was no significant difference between anxiety scores before the procedure and during the procedure (p > .05).ConclusionThe present study concluded that cartoon display for preparing children aged 5–12 years or distracting them during the procedure using a kaleidoscope was effective in reducing their anxiety.
Impact of COVID‐19 on cervical cancer screening in Japan: A survey of population‐based screening in urban Japan by the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology
Authors: Nogami Yuya , Makabe Takeshi , Komatsu Hiroaki , Kawana Kei , Okamoto Aikou , Mikami Mikio , Katabuchi Hidetaka ,   The COVID‐19 Task Force of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of COVID‐19 on cervical cancer screening.MethodThe Japanese Society of Gynecologic Oncology launched COVID‐19 Task Force surveyed the municipalities in urban areas of Japan. Questionnaires were sent to 20 ordinance‐designated cities and 23 wards of Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan via telephone and mail in January 2021. An additional survey was conducted in March and April 2021, counted the monthly checkups in 2020 and, as a control data, the number of monthly checkups in 2019. “The State of Emergency” between April 7 and May 25, 2020, included 13 prefectures. The data collected in this research involved the number of screenings only. The chi‐square test was performed for statistical analysis.ResultsThe number of cancer screenings from March to August, with May being the month with the lowest number of screenings, was less than 50% of that in the previous year. In particular, the drop in the number of cancer screenings in the “Prefectures operating under special safety precautions” was remarkable and significantly lower than that in other Prefectures. However, after August, the number recovered to the usual level, despite the second wave of the pandemic occurring nationwide. The initial “the State of Emergency” caused a significant decrease in the number of people receiving population‐based screenings, but the recovery has been remarkable, and the total number is expected to be the same as in previous years.ConclusionThe initial “the State of Emergency” caused a significant decrease in the number of people receiving population‐based screenings.
Influence of fresh pineapple intake on human taste detection and recognition thresholds of basic taste stimulants
Authors: Romli Siti Rashima , Murad Maizura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effects of different pineapple maturity indices on the human taste and recognition threshold. Sensitivity levels of the subject's taste buds on four basic tastes, sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, were observed before, after they had ingested 50 g and up to 100 g of pineapple at maturity indices 3–7. Consumption of pineapple as low as 50 g had a significant (p < .02) influence on the sweet and bitter taste thresholds. The sensitivity of sweetness decreased (p < .02) after 50 g of pineapple intake at all maturation indices. However, the sensitivity of bitter taste was enhanced significantly after pineapple intake of 50 g at maturation indices 3 and 4. Pineapple intake at lower maturity indices had significantly influenced sweet and bitter taste thresholds that could impact food perception.Practical ApplicationsThe manuscript brings a contribution to the field of food sensory evaluation and consumer studies. It reveals that while enjoying eating fresh pineapple, bromelain may affect taste receptors, influencing taste sensitivity, which could be a factor in determining food quality. The finding could be used as a guideline for exclusion criteria for the panelist selection or screening involved in the sensory evaluation.
Plasminogen gene polymorphisms [c.924C>T and IVS 8+14 G>A] in periodontitis and familial Mediterranean fever: A case‐control study
Authors: Fentoğlu Özlem , Tülüceoğlu Eda Evgen , Orhan Hikmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe plasminogen (PLG) activation system plays an essential role in severe inflammation based diseases such as periodontitis, destructive membranous periodontal disease (ligneous periodontitis), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and amyloidosis. We have aimed to evaluate variations in PLG and the associations between PLG and MEFV genotypes in patients with FMF/ FMF‐related secondary amyloidosis and periodontitis.Material and methodsA total of 247 individuals who were either diagnosed with FMF or systemically healthy were recruited to this human observational study with a cross‐sectional design. All individuals were also diagnosed with periodontitis or periodontally healthy. Blood samples were obtained from patients with FMF and systemically healthy controls. Clinical periodontal indicators were recorded. All polymorphisms located in exons 6 and 8 of PLG and mutations located on exons 2 and 10 of the MEFV gene were analyzed by DNA Sanger Sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies of PLG and MEFV were detected and tested by the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Serum levels of amyloid A (SAA), high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), PLG, and salivary PLG levels were determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsTwo polymorphisms were identified in PLG: G to A polymorphism on the 14th nucleotide of intron 8 and C to T polymorphism on the 924th nucleotide of the coding region (IVS 8+14 G>A and c.924C>T, respectively). In IVS 8+14 G>A polymorphisms, wild‐type genotype: GG, heterozygote genotype: GA and homozygote genotype: AA. In c.924C>T polymorphism, wild‐type genotype: CC, heterozygote genotype: CT and homozygote genotype: TT. The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphisms of PLG was significantly increased (17.6%) in FMF patients with periodontitis (p = .027). A large proportion of the test group that was heterozygous for MEFV‐R202Q also had heterozygous PLG polymorphisms. Remarkable exacerbation in periodontal parameters was observed in patients with FMF and amyloidosis. SAA and hs‐CRP levels were significantly correlated with salivary PLG levels in patients with periodontitis and heterozygous PLG.ConclusionsThe current study describes IVS 8+14 G>A (rs2295368) and c.924C>T (rs1380916375) polymorphisms for the first time in the periodontal literature, which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, FMF, or amyloidosis. The elucidation of PLG polymorphisms is beneficial from a public health perspective by increasing the quality of life in these patients and reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease, FMF, and FMF‐related amyloidosis.
Genomic and phenotypic analysis of SspH1 identifies a new Salmonella effector, SspH3
Authors: Herod Adrian , Emond‐Rheault Jean‐Guillaume , Tamber Sandeep , Goodridge Lawrence , Lévesque Roger C. , Rohde John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and is responsible for a range of diseases. Not all Salmonella contributes to severe health outcomes as there is a large degree of genetic heterogeneity among the 2,600 serovars within the genus. This variability across Salmonella serovars is linked to numerous genetic elements that dictate virulence. While several genetic elements encode virulence factors with well‐documented contributions to pathogenesis, many genetic elements implicated in Salmonella virulence remain uncharacterized. Many pathogens encode a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are delivered into the cells that they infect using a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS). These effectors, known as NEL‐domain E3s, were first characterized in Salmonella. Most Salmonella encodes the NEL‐effectors sspH2 and slrP, whereas only a subset of Salmonella encodes sspH1. SspH1 has been shown to ubiquitinate the mammalian protein kinase PKN1, which has been reported to negatively regulate the pro‐survival program Akt. We discovered that SspH1 mediates the degradation of PKN1 during infection of a macrophage cell line but that this degradation does not impact Akt signaling. Genomic analysis of a large collection of Salmonella genomes identified a putative new gene, sspH3, with homology to sspH1. SspH3 is a novel NEL‐domain effector.
Acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase beta gene polymorphism does not predict cardiovascular risk susceptibility in Chinese type 2 diabetic individuals
Authors: Chan Gary C. W. , Zhi Helen , Hicks Pamela J. , Freedman Barry I. , Tang Sydney C. W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with significant cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB) gene, rs2268388, reproducibly associates with diabetic nephropathy (DN). ACACB regulates fatty‐acid oxidation. As such, we assessed whether ACACB SNP rs2268388 was associated with CV disease in Chinese individuals with T2D.MethodsChinese individuals with T2D were genotyped for SNP rs2268388. Baseline demographics were recorded and clinical data regarding coronary, carotid, and peripheral arterial disease and congestive heart failure were retrieved from electronic patient records. Statistical analyses were performed to detect associations between the rs2268388 T risk allele with CV outcomes in the cohort.ResultsA total of 596 Chinese individuals with T2D were genotyped. Their mean age was 66.8 ± 10.9 years at the time of data extraction. Genotyping revealed 59.7%, 33.2% and 7.1% of the study population were non‐carriers, heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the rs2268388 T risk allele in ACACB. No statistically significant correlations of the risk allele were observed with CV outcomes.ConclusionThese results did not demonstrate association between rs2268388 SNP in ACACB with CV outcomes in Chinese T2D patients. The ACACB gene and its role in CV risk susceptibility, via alterations in fatty acid oxidation, remains an interesting postulate and studies with larger cohort sizes and in different ethnic groups remain warranted.
May the dark be with roots: a perspective on how root illumination may bias in vitro research on plant–environment interactions
Authors: Cabrera Javier , Conesa Carlos M. , del Pozo Juan C. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryRoots anchor plants to the soil, providing them with nutrients and water while creating a defence network and facilitating beneficial interactions with a multitude of living organisms and climatological conditions. To facilitate morphological and molecular studies, root research has been conducted using in vitro systems. However, under natural conditions, roots grow in the dark, mainly in the absence of illumination, except for the relatively low illumination of the upper soil surface, and this has been largely ignored. Here, we discuss the results found over the last decade on how experimental exposure of roots to light may bias root development and responses through the alteration of hormonal signalling, cytoskeleton organization, reactive oxygen species or the accumulation of flavonoids, among other factors. Illumination alters the uptake of nutrients or water, and also affects the response of the roots to abiotic stresses and root interactions with the microbiota. Furthermore, we review in vitro systems created to maintain roots in darkness, and provide a comparative analysis of root transcriptomes obtained with these devices. Finally, we identify other experimental variables that should be considered to better mimic soil conditions, whose improvement would benefit studies using in vitro cultivation or enclosed ecosystems.
The Reinforced Ma–Griffith Method Combined with Minimally Invasive Small‐Incision Suture for Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Yu Hao , Wang Fangyuan , Xie Jia , Yao Yunfeng , Jing Juehua , Li Jun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment effects of the reinforced Ma‐Griffith method combined with a minimally invasive small incision(M‐G/MISI) in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.MethodsFrom January 2012 to January 2020, a retrospective study was carried out on thirty‐one patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures that were treated using the M‐G/MISI. Patient with acute Achilles tendon rupture was operated on in the prone position. The M‐G/MISI begin with making a small incision to debride the stumps of ruptured tendon. Then M‐G/MISI was used to suture the distal and proximal Achilles tendons with the help of a epidural puncture needle and polydioxanone synthetic absorbable suture (PDS) Ⅱ line. Finally the stumps of ruptured tendon was reattached. After the surgery, the affected limb was fixed with either a plaster slab below the knee brace or a functional brace. Removal of plaster external fixation and partial weight‐bearing with crutches five weeks after the operation; Complete weight‐bearing nine weeks after the operation; jogging permitted 12 weeks after the operation; Patients were allowed to resume normal activities six months after the operation.ResultsAll 31 patients in this study were male. Nineteen of these patients had Achilles tendon rupture on the right lower extremity, while 12 had ruptures on the left lower extremity. The patients had a mean age of 33.35 ± 7.13 years (range, 18‐52 years). The mean operation time was 79.58 ± 22.67 minutes (range, 40‐167 minutes). The mean time from injury to operation was 4.19 ± 2.01 days (range, 1‐8 days), and the mean hospital stay was 9.87 ± 3.88 days (range, 5‐22 days). The new technique had a small incision with a mean length of 3.94 ± 1.82 cm (range, 2‐6 cm). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 16.77 ± 13.76 mL (range, 10‐50 mL) and the mean follow‐up time was 21.35 ± 10.18 months (range, 6‐50 months). No wound infection, fistula, skin necrosis, sural nerve damage, deep venous thrombosis or tendon re‐rupture was found. One year after the surgery, all patients reported 97.00 (range, 93‐100 points) AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot score points and the mean ATRS was 97.39 (range, 91‐100) points.ConclusionThe reinforced Ma‐Griffith method, combined with a minimally invasive small incision suture, is a simple, effective, minimally invasive technique and low‐cost surgical method for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.
Reasons, normativity, and value in aesthetics
Authors: King Alex 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiscussions of aesthetic reasons and normativity are becoming increasingly popular. This piece outlines six basic questions about aesthetic reasons, normativity, and value and discusses the space of possible answers to these questions. I divide the terrain into two groups of three questions each. First are questions about the shape of aesthetic reasons: what they favour, how strong they are, and where they come from. Second are relational questions about how aesthetic reasons fit into the wider normative landscape: whether they are distinctive, what their normative status is, and how they interact with each other and with non‐aesthetic reasons. This piece aims to provide a taxonomy to clarify and organise the burgeoning literature and to make a few concrete suggestions for avenues of future research.
How can a care manager at the primary care centre support foreign‐born female patients suffering from common mental disorders? – An interview study
Authors: Nejati Shabnam , Svenningsson Irene , Björkelund Cecilia , Hange Dominique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifficulty in communicating can lead to stressful situations both for foreign‐born female patients suffering from common mental disorders (CMDs) and for the health care professionals.AimThe aim of the study was to explore how foreign‐born female patients with CMDs experienced their health care encounters and how they perceived a care manager could be a support during their illness, as well as to explore the care managers' perceptions and experiences concerning this group.MethodsA qualitative method with semi‐structured interview was chosen. The data were analysed with systematic text condensation. The study was conducted in primary care in western Sweden. Eight Persian‐speaking female patients were recruited by the snowball method and participated in the study. Furthermore, nine care managers participated.ResultsForeign‐born female patients felt shame and anxiety because of language difficulties, interpreter presence, mental illness, and feelings of dependency. The care managers and the patients felt that physical meetings, access to translated assessment scales and female telephone interpreters, and early and continuous contact and access to health care personnel with a similar cultural background could facilitate communication.ConclusionIn order to facilitate mutual understanding and knowledge, accessibility and continuity of health care are needed to enable foreign‐born female patients with CMD to support their own health development. Female interpreters, telephone interpreting, translated scales, and telephone contacts combined with face‐to‐face visits could facilitate communication.