bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Forward Osmosis (FO) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) as An Alternative solution for Water and Energy Crisis
Authors: Lugito Graecia , Ariono Danu , Rizqy Trihutama Putra Mochamad , Nabilla Zafra Zoealya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Blue energy is found fascinating to be implemented in Indonesia, the largest archipelago country of which 70% territory is covered with water. The utilization of osmotic-driven membranes in addressing water and energy scarcity has received much attention. Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) are two osmotic driven membrane processes that utilize draw solution with higher osmotic pressure than the feed solution to drive the water flux. These processes are less energy-intensive compared to other pressure-driven membranes. However, the applications of each of these processes are still limited due to three main challenges, which are the production of high-performance membrane materials for high water flux and selectivity, the selection of draw solutions, and the need for post-treatment to recover the draw solution. In this study, recent developments in FO and PRO membrane processes are reviewed, then the potentials of the utilization of osmotic-driven membrane in addressing the water and energy crisis are discussed and evaluated. The review is based on asymmetric polyamide (PA) membranes with strong porous support performing in FO and PRO processes. Draw solution plays a significant role in attaining good performance in osmotic-driven membrane processes. Integrated FO/PRO/RO hybrid processes have been proposed and evaluated in terms of their energy consumption and carbon footprint. The results indicate positive prospects of these hybrid processes pushing forward the research on continuous and self-sustaining osmotic-driven water and energy productions.
Hybrid MPI and OpenMP parallel implementation of large-scale linear-response time-dependent density functional theory with plane-wave basis set
Authors: Wan Lingyun , Liu Xiaofeng , Liu Jie , Qin Xinming , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High performance computing is a powerful tool to accelerate the Kohn–Sham density functional theory calculations on modern heterogeneous supercomputers. Here, we describe a massively parallel implementation of large-scale linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) to calculate the excitation energies and wave functions of solids with plane-wave basis set. We adopt a two-level parallelization strategy that combines the message passing interface with open multi-processing parallel programming to deal with the matrix operations and data communications of constructing and diagonalizing the LR-TDDFT Hamiltonian matrix. Numerical results illustrate that the LR-TDDFT calculations can scale up to 24 576 processing cores on modern heterogeneous supercomputers to study the excited state properties of bulky silicon systems containing thousands of atoms (4,096 atoms). We demonstrate that the LR-TDDFT calculations can be used to investigate the photoinduced charge separation of water molecule adsorption on rutile TiO2(110) surface from an excitonic perspective.
Absorptive laser threshold magnetometry: combining visible diamond Raman lasers and nitrogen-vacancy centres
Authors: Raman Nair Sarath , Rogers Lachlan J , Spence David J , Mildren Richard P , Jelezko Fedor , Greentree Andrew D , Volz Thomas , Jeske Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a high-sensitivity magnetometry scheme based on a diamond Raman laser with visible pump absorption by an ensemble of coherently microwave driven negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centres (NV−) in the same diamond crystal. The NV− centres’ absorption and emission are spin-dependent. We show how the varying absorption of the NV− centres changes the Raman laser output. A shift in the diamond Raman laser threshold and output occurs with the external magnetic field and microwave driving. We develop a theoretical framework with steady-state solutions to describe the effects of coherently driven NV− centres including the charge state switching between NV− and its neutral charge state NV0 in a diamond Raman laser. We discuss that such a laser working at the threshold can be employed for magnetic field sensing. In contrast to previous studies on NV− magnetometry with visible laser absorption, the laser threshold magnetometry method is expected to have low technical noise, due to low background light in the measurement signal. For magnetic-field sensing, we project a shot-noise limited DC sensitivity of a few pT

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in a well-calibrated cavity with realistic parameters. This sensor employs the broad visible absorption of NV− centres and unlike previous laser threshold magnetometry proposals it does not rely on active NV− centre lasing or an infrared laser medium at the specific wavelength of the NV− centre’s infrared absorption line.
Evidence forGRNconnecting multiple neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Nalls Mike A , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Sargent Lana , Vitale Dan , Leonard Hampton , Iwaki Hirotaka , Song Yeajin , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Menden Kevin , Faghri Faraz , Heutink Peter , Cookson Mark R , Singleton Andrew B 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research using genome-wide association studies has identified variants that may contribute to lifetime risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether there are common mechanisms that link neurodegenerative diseases is uncertain. Here, we focus on one gene, GRN, encoding progranulin, and the potential mechanistic interplay between genetic risk, gene expression in the brain and inflammation across multiple common neurodegenerative diseases. We utilized genome-wide association studies, expression quantitative trait locus mapping and Bayesian colocalization analyses to evaluate potential causal and mechanistic inferences. We integrate various molecular data types from public resources to infer disease connectivity and shared mechanisms using a data-driven process. Expression quantitative trait locus analyses combined with genome-wide association studies identified significant functional associations between increasing genetic risk in the GRN region and decreased expression of the gene in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, colocalization analyses show a connection between blood-based inflammatory biomarkers relating to platelets and GRN expression in the frontal cortex. GRN expression mediates neuroinflammation function related to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. This analysis suggests shared mechanisms for Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The Angel as Wish Image: Justin Bieber, Popular Culture, and the Politics of Absolution
Authors: O’Connor Clare 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the early 21st century, the angel became a recurrent image within the visual economy of pop music stardom. By considering the case of Justin Bieber (whose angel invocations give expression to his struggles with celebrity, faith, and the pathology of Whiteness), the author reveals how biographical factors alone cannot account for the angel’s contemporary resonance. Instead, and drawing upon Walter Benjamin’s concept of wish image, the author argues that this invocational pattern reflects a general desire for a one-to-one correspondence between being and doing—here understood as a manifestation of the ur-historical longing for absolution. Because this desire is ambivalent, the angel has historically been invoked to symbolize wishes as divergent as fascism’s ideal gender relations and radical utopia’s equality. In this way, the angel’s current ubiquity alerts us to the role resonant myths often play in the elaboration of collective desires, while pointing toward their implications for emancipatory strategy.
Aspirin-free antiplatelet regimens after PCI: insights from the GLOBAL LEADERS trial and beyond
Authors: Wang Rutao , Wu Sijing , Gamal Amr , Gao Chao , Hara Hironori , Kawashima Hideyuki , Ono Masafumi , van Geuns Robert-Jan , Vranckx Pascal , Windecker Stephan , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W , Garg Scot 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Historically, aspirin has been the primary treatment for the prevention of ischaemic events in patients with coronary artery disease. For patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) standard treatment has been 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel, followed by aspirin monotherapy; however, DAPT is undeniably associated with an increased risk of bleeding. For over a decade novel P2Y12 inhibitors, which have increased specificity, potency, and efficacy have been available, prompting studies which have tested whether these newer agents can be used in aspirin-free antiplatelet regimens to augment clinical benefits in patients post-PCI. Among these studies, the GLOBAL LEADERS trial is the largest by cohort size, and so far has provided a wealth of evidence in a variety of clinical settings and patient groups. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art evidence obtained from the GLOBAL LEADERS and other trials of aspirin-free strategies.
Challenges and Solutions With Agricultural Animal High Containment Waste Disposal
Authors: Henneman John R , Johnson Julie A , Minihan Mark A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Waste disposal in Agricultural Animal High Containment Animal Biosafety Level 3Ag and Animal Biosafety Level 4Ag (ABSL-3Ag and ABSL-4Ag) research facilities necessitates significantly more attention to detail in operations than that required in lower-containment-level laboratories. The unique features and requirements of agricultural-related research involve additional equipment and systems to safely transfer decontaminated waste out of the facility. The waste stream coming from ABSL-3Ag and ABSL-4Ag facilities, or high containment agricultural research waste, consists of many forms and differs from most research facility waste in that it is produced from research with livestock or other species loose housed, with the animal room serving as primary containment. This is in contrast to small laboratory animals being housed in primary containment caging. Waste handling equipment in agricultural research facilities may include autoclaves, effluent decontamination systems, incinerators, high-temperature renderers, alkaline tissue digester systems, high-efficiency particulate air filtration of exhaust and supply air, gas decontamination systems, and laundry facilities. This article focuses primarily on the disposal of waste from ABSL-3Ag livestock facilities, including procedures and lessons learned over 10 years of facility operation.
Accuracy of Preoperative Breast MRI Versus Conventional Imaging in Measuring Pathologic Extent of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Authors: Hovis Keegan K , Lee Janie M , Hippe Daniel S , Linden Hannah , Flanagan Meghan R , Kilgore Mark R , Yee Janis , Partridge Savannah C , Rahbar Habib 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) extent is more accurately depicted with preoperative MRI (pMRI) than conventional imaging (mammography and/or ultrasound).

Methods
After IRB approval, we retrospectively identified women with pMRIs (February 2005 to January 2014) to evaluate pure ILC excluding those with ipsilateral pMRI BI-RADS 4 or 5 findings or who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Agreement between imaging and pathology sizes was summarized using Bland-Altman plots, absolute and percent differences, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Rates of underestimation and overestimation were evaluated and their associations with clinical features were explored.

Results
Among the 56 women included, pMRI demonstrated better agreement with pathology than conventional imaging by mean absolute difference (1.6 mm versus −7.8 mm, P &lt; 0.001), percent difference (10.3% versus −16.4%, P &lt; 0.001), and ICC (0.88 versus 0.61, P = 0.019). Conventional imaging more frequently underestimated ILC span than pMRI using a 5 mm difference threshold (24/56 (43%) versus 10/56 (18%), P &lt; 0.001), a 25% threshold (19/53 (36%) versus 10/53 (19%), P = 0.035), and T category change (17/56 (30%) versus 7/56 (13%), P = 0.006). Imaging–pathology size concordance was greater for MRI-described solitary masses than other lesions for both MRI and conventional imaging (P &lt; 0.05). Variability of conventional imaging was lower for patients ≥ the median age of 62 years than for younger patients (SD: 12 mm versus 22 mm, P = 0.012).

Conclusion
MRI depicts pure ILC more accurately than conventional imaging and may have particular value for younger women.
The nuclear environment of NGC 2442: a Compton-thick low-luminosity AGN
Authors: da Silva Patrícia , Menezes R B , Díaz Y , López–Navas Elena , Steiner J E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The detailed study of nuclear regions of galaxies is important because it can help understanding the active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback mechanisms, the connections between the nuclei and their host galaxies, and ultimately the galaxy formation processes. We present the analysis of an optical data cube of the central region of the galaxy NGC 2442, obtained with the integral field unit (IFU) of the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS). We also performed a multiwavelength analysis, with Chandra data, XMM–Newton and NuSTAR spectra, and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. The analysis revealed that the nuclear emission is consistent with a Low Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Region (LINER) associated with a highly obscured compact hard X-ray source, indicating a Compton-thick AGN. The HST image in the F658N filter (H α) reveals an arched structure corresponding to the walls of the ionization cone of the AGN. The gas kinematic pattern and the high gas velocity dispersion values in the same region of the ionization cone suggest an outflow emission. The stellar archaeology results indicate the presence of only old stellar populations (∼ 10 Gyr), with high metallicity (z = 0.02 and 0.05), and the absence of recent star formation in the central region of NGC 2442, which is possibly a consequence of the AGN feedback, associated with the detected outflow, shutting off star formation. NGC 2442 is a late-type galaxy similar to the Milky Way, and comparisons show that the main difference between them is the presence of a low-luminosity AGN.
Radial differential rotation of solar corona using radio emissions
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Chandra Satish , Thomas Sanish , Sharma Som Kumar , Vats Hari Om 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The present work is an effort to investigate possible radial variations in the solar coronal rotation by analysing the solar radio emission data at 15 different frequencies (275–1755 MHz) for the period starting from 1994 July to 1999 May. We used a time series of disc-integrated radio flux recorded daily at these frequencies through radio telescopes situated at the Astronomical Observatory of the Jagellonian University in Cracow. The different frequency radiation originates from different heights in the solar corona. Existing models indicate its origin at the height range from nearly ∼12 000 km (for emission at 275 MHz), below up to ∼2400 km (for emission at 1755 MHz). There are some data gaps in the time series used for the study, so we used statistical analysis using the Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP). This method has successfully estimated the periodicity present in time series even with such data gaps. The rotation period estimated through LSP shows variation in the rotation period, which is compared with the earlier reported estimate using auto correlation technique. This study indicates some similarity as well as a contradiction with studies reported earlier. The radial and temporal variation in the solar rotation period are presented and discussed for the whole period analysed.
An interview with Mingjie Zhang: phase separation in biological systems
Authors: Zhao Weijie , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mingjie Zhang is a distinguished structural biologist whose research interest is the protein assemblies in cells, particularly those at the synapse, where two neurons meet and transmit nervous impulses from one to the other. In recent years, his group discovered the phenomenon of phase separation in both the pre- and post-synaptic sites of neurons and elucidated its regulation and physiological function. In this interview, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo talks with Prof. Zhang on the fast-developing research area of biological phase separation, as well as Zhang's new role as the Founding Dean of the School of Life Sciences at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen.
Ventriculitis: A Severe Complication of Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Luque-Paz David , Revest Matthieu , Eugène François , Boukthir Sarrah , Dejoies Loren , Tattevin Pierre , Le Reste Pierre-Jean 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Ventriculitis, a dreaded complication of brain abscess, meningitis, and various neurosurgical procedures, has attracted limited attention in the medical literature.

Methods
This is a retrospective, single-center study. We screened the medical files of all patients who had a brain imaging report that included the word “ventriculitis” during years 2005–2019. Only patients with clinical, microbiological, and imaging features of ventriculitis were included. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire.

Results
Ninety-eight patients fulfilled inclusion criteria: 42 women and 56 men, and the median age was 60 years (interquartile range, 48–68). The primary mechanism for ventriculitis was classified as follows: brain abscess (n = 29, 29.6%), meningitis (n = 27, 27.6%), intraventricular catheter-related (n = 17, 17.3%), post-neurosurgery (n = 13, 13.3%), and hematogenous (n = 12, 12.2%). The main neuroimaging features were intraventricular pus (n = 81, 82.7%), ependymal enhancement (n = 70, 71.4%), and intraventricular loculations (n = 15, 15.3%). The main pathogens were streptococci (n = 44, 44.9%), Gram-negative bacilli (n = 27, 27.6%), and staphylococci (n = 15, 15.3%). In-hospital and 1-year mortality rates were 30.6% (n = 30) and 38.8% (n = 38), respectively. Neurological sequelae were reported in 34 of 55 (61.8%) survivors, including cognitive impairment (n = 11), gait disturbances (n = 9), paresis (n = 7), behavior disorder (n = 6), and epilepsy (n = 5). On multivariate analysis, age &gt;65 years, Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;13 at initial presentation, status epilepticus, hydrocephalus, and positive cerebrospinal fluid culture were associated with 1-year mortality. We built a scoring system to stratify patients with ventriculitis into low risk (12.5%), intermediate risk (36.5%), and high risk (71.4%) of death.

Conclusions
Ventriculitis is a severe complication of brain abscess, meningitis, or neurosurgery, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 30% and neurological sequelae in 60% of survivors.
Effects of crude protein content on intake and digestion of coastal bermudagrass hay by horses
Authors: Spurgin Chelsey L , Coverdale Josie A , Leatherwood Jessica L , Redmon Larry A , Bradbery Amanda N , Wickersham Tryon A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of forage crude protein (CP) level on intake and digestion of Coastal bermudagrass hay by horses. Four cecally fistulated geldings were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four treatments and four periods. Horses were fed one of four Coastal bermudagrass hays consisting of 7%, 10%, 13%, or 16% CP during each of the four 15-d periods. Intake and apparent digestibility were determined for each horse at the end of each period by total fecal collection. In addition, cecal fluid and blood samples were collected on the last day of each period for the determination of cecal ammonia, cecal pH, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and plasma glucose concentrations. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. CP concentration of Coastal bermudagrass hay influenced equine intake and digestion. Increasing CP concentration linearly increased digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) from 3.79 to 5.98 kg/d for 7% and 16% CP hay, respectively (P = 0.04). Furthermore, as the forage CP level increased, CP intake increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01). The forage CP level had no effect on forage dry matter intake. Quadratic effects (P ≤ 0.05) were observed for forage OM, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and digestible energy. Overall digestibility was lowest for the 7% CP hay and highest for the 10% CP hay. Cecal pH remained above 6.62 irrespective of treatment and time, indicating that cecal pH was suitable for microbial growth. As the forage CP level increased, cecal ammonia concentration increased linearly from 0.03 mM for the 7% to 1.74 mM for the 16% CP hay (P &lt; 0.01). Concentration of plasma glucose also linearly increased (P = 0.04) from 68.77 to 73.68 mg/dL as CP concentration increased from 7% to 16% CP. PUN exhibited a quadratic effect as concentration increased (P &lt; 0.01) from 4.34 to 5.61 mM for the 7% and 16% CP hays, respectively. Overall, the 10% CP hay had the highest digestibility due to its higher OM digestion. As forage OMI increased, digestible OM increased until physiological capacity for digestion is exceeded. At that point, digestion will decline with the decrease in OMI, explaining the lower digestion for other forages fed.