bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remembering the gist of an event over a lifetime depends on the hippocampus
Authors: Atucha Erika , Ku Shih-Pi , Lippert Michael T. , Sauvage Magdalena M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA well–accepted view in memory research is that retrieving the gist of a memory over time depends on the cortex, typically the prefrontal cortex, while retrieving its precision relies on the hippocampus. More recent advances indicate that the hippocampal subfield CA1, as opposed to CA3, remains engaged even for retrieving very remote memories and that this engagement coincides with a maximal recruitment of parahippocampal cortical areas (LEC, MEC, PER and POR)1. Using a time-window comparable to that used in human long-term memory studies, here we show that CA1 is necessary for retrieving the gist of a memory independently of its age while memory precision specifically depends on CA3 in a time-dependent manner. The precision for the memory of a context-footshock association was tested in mice after one day or very remotely (i.e. after 6 months or one year) allowing for the natural fading of the memory trace. Retrieving recent memories engaged both CA1 and CA3 in control mice as revealed by high levels of RNA of the immediate-early geneArc, strongly tied to synaptic plasticity and memory function. Optogenetic inhibition of CA3 cell firing led to the loss of memory precision, i.e. the retrieval of the gist memory selectively supported by CA1. In contrast, CA1 inhibition abolished memory retrieval and reduced both CA1 and CA3’s activity. At very remote tests, controls retrieved only the gist of the event by recruiting CA1 and parahippocampal areas. Retrieving this gist was selectively abrogated upon CA1 optogenetic inactivation that dramatically reduced parahippocampal activity. Our findings indicate that the hippocampus, specifically CA1, is required for gist memory retrieval even for very remote memories that were previously reported to be hippocampal-independent, while CA3 is necessary for recalling precise memories in a time-dependent manner.
Structure and function of the chromatin remodeler SMARCAD1 with its nucleosome substrate
Authors: Markert Jonathan , Zhou Keda , Luger Karolin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCAD1 acts on nucleosomes during DNA repair and transcription, but despite its implication in disease, information on its structure and function is scarce. Chromatin remodelers use a variety of ways to engage nucleosomes, and outcomes of the ATP-dependent reactions vary widely. Here we show that SMARCAD1 transfers the entire histone octamer from one DNA segment to another in an ATP-dependent manner but is also capable ofde novonucleosome assembly from histone octamer, due to its ability to bind all histones simultaneously. We describe the cryoEM structure of SMARCAD1 in complex with a nucleosome and show that it engages its substrate unlike any other chromatin remodeler. Our combined data allow us to put forward a testable model for SMARCAD1 mechanism.One-Sentence SummaryThe single subunit chromatin remodeler SMARCAD1 engages nucleosomes in a unique manner and transfers the entire histone octamer.
Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)
Authors: Liermann H. P. , Konôpková Z. , Appel K. , Prescher C. , Schropp A. , Cerantola V. , Husband R. J. , McHardy J. D. , McMahon M. I. , McWilliams R. S. , Pépin C. M. , Mainberger J. , Roeper M. , Berghäuser A. , Damker H. , Talkovski P. , Foese M. , Kujala N. , Ball O. B. , Baron M. A. , Briggs R. , Bykov M. , Bykova E. , Chantel J. , Coleman A. L. , Cynn H. , Dattelbaum D. , Dresselhaus-Marais L. E. , Eggert J. H. , Ehm L. , Evans W. J. , Fiquet G. , Frost M. , Glazyrin K. , Goncharov A. F. , Hwang H. , Jenei Zs. , Kim J.-Y. , Langenhorst F. , Lee Y. , Makita M. , Marquardt H. , McBride E. E. , Merkel S. , Morard G. , O'Bannon E. F. , Otzen C. , Pace E. J. , Pelka A. , Pigott J. S. , Prakapenka V. B. , Redmer R. , Sanchez-Valle C. , Schoelmerich M. , Speziale S. , Spiekermann G. , Sturtevant B. T. , Toleikis S. , Velisavljevic N. , Wilke M. , Yoo C.-S. , Baehtz C. , Zastrau U. , Strohm C. 
Published: April 2021

The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
Metabolic differences between a wild and a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation unveiled by multi‐omic analysis
Authors: Minebois Romain , Lairón‐Peris María , Barrio Eladio , Pérez‐Torrado Roberto , Querol Amparo 
Published: April 2021

SummarySaccharomyces cerevisiae, a widespread yeast present both in the wild and in fermentative processes, like winemaking. During the colonization of these human‐associated fermentative environments, certain strains of S. cerevisiae acquired differential adaptive traits that enhanced their physiological properties to cope with the challenges imposed by these new ecological niches. The advent of omics technologies allowed unveiling some details of the molecular bases responsible for the peculiar traits of S. cerevisiae wine strains. However, the metabolic diversity within yeasts remained poorly explored, in particular that existing between wine and wild strains of S. cerevisiae. For this purpose, we performed a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic comparative analysis between a wild and a wine S. cerevisiae strains during wine fermentations performed at high and low temperatures. By using this approach, we could correlate the differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, such as sulfur, arginine and thiamine metabolisms, with differences in the amounts of key metabolites that can explain some important differences in the fermentation performance between the wine and wild strains.
Delivering the discipline: Teaching geography and planning during COVID‐19
Authors: Fuller Sara , Ruming Kristian , Burridge Andrew , Carter‐White Richard , Houston Donna , Kelly Linda , Lloyd Kate , McGregor Andrew , McLean Jessica , Miller Fiona , O'Gorman Emily , Suchet‐Pearson Sandie , Taylor Hollis , Walkerden Greg , Williams Miriam , Ziller Alison 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has radically changed the higher education sector in Australia and beyond. Restrictions on student movement (especially for international students) and on gatherings (which limited on‐campus sessions) saw universities transition to fully online teaching modes almost overnight. In this commentary, we reflect on this transition and consider the implications for teaching the disciplines of geography and planning. Reflecting on experiences at the Department of Geography and Planning at Macquarie University, we explore a series of challenges, responses and opportunities for teaching core disciplinary skills and knowledge across three COVID‐19 moments: transition, advocacy, and hybridity. Our focus is on the teaching of core disciplinary skills and knowledge and specifically on geographical theory, methods, and fieldwork and professional practice skills. In drawing on this case from Macquarie University, we offer insights for the future of teaching geography and planning in universities more broadly.
Tipless transseptal cannula concept combines improved hemodynamic properties and risk‐reduced placement: An in silico proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Hugenroth Kristin , Neidlin Michael , Engelmann Ulrich M. , Kaufmann Tim A. S. , Steinseifer Ulrich , Heilmann Torsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a leading cause of death worldwide, heart failure is a serious medical condition in which many critically ill patients require temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a bridge‐to‐recovery or bridge‐to‐decision. In many cases, the TandemHeart system is used to unload the left heart by draining blood from the left atrium (LA) to the femoral artery via a transseptal multistage cannula. However, even though the correct positioning of the cannula is crucial for a safe treatment, the long cannula tip currently used in transseptal cannulas complicates positioning, making the cannula vulnerable to displacement during MCS. To overcome these limitations, we propose the development of a new tipless transseptal cannula with improved hemodynamic properties. We discuss the tipless cannula concept by comparing it to the common multistage cannula concept using computational fluid dynamics simulations and assess the flow field in the LA, the wall shear stresses (WSS), and the pressure loss. Across the two distinct time points of end‐systole and end‐diastole and two drainage flow rates of 3.5 and 5.0 L/min, we find a more homogeneous inlet flow pattern for the tipless cannula concept, accompanied by a remarkably reduced area of platelet‐activating WSS (up to 10‐times smaller area compared to the multistage cannula). Moreover, pressure loss is up to 14.5% lower in the tipless cannula concept, confirming overall improved hemodynamic properties of the tipless cannula concept. Finally, a diameter‐dependent study reveals that lower WSS and pressure losses can be further reduced by large‐lumen designs for any simulation setting. Overall, our results suggest that a tipless cannula concept remedies the crucial disadvantages of a long‐tip multistage cannula by reducing the risk of misplacement, and it furthermore promotes optimized hemodynamics. With this successful proof‐of‐concept, we underscore the potential for and encourage the realization of further experimental investigations regarding the development of a tipless transseptal cannula for MCS.
Molecular genetics of inherited retinal degenerations in Icelandic patients
Authors: Thorsteinsson Daniel A. , Stefansdottir Vigdis , Eysteinsson Thor , Thorisdottir Sigridur , Jonsson Jon J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study objective was to delineate the genetics of inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) in Iceland, a small nation of 364.000 and a genetic isolate. Benefits include delineating novel pathogenic genetic variants and defining genetically homogenous patients as potential investigative molecular therapy candidates. The study sample comprised patients with IRD in Iceland ascertained through national centralized genetic and ophthalmological services at Landspitali, a national social support institute, and the Icelandic patient association. Information on patients' disease, syndrome, and genetic testing was collected in a clinical registry. Variants were reevaluated according to ACMG/AMP guidelines. Overall, 140 IRD patients were identified (point prevalence of 1/2.600), of which 70 patients had a genetic evaluation where two‐thirds had an identified genetic cause. Thirteen disease genes were found in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, with the RLBP1 gene most common (n = 4). The c.1073 + 5G > A variant in the PRPF31 gene was homozygous in two RP patients. All tested patients with X‐linked retinoschisis (XLRS) had the same possibly unique RS1 pathogenic variant, c.441G > A (p.Trp147X). Pathologic variants and genes for IRDs in Iceland did not resemble those described in ancestral North‐Western European nations. Four variants were reclassified as likely pathogenic. One novel pathogenic variant defined a genetically homogenous XLRS patient group.
Cover Image
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Linkevicius Rokas , Gineviciute Evelina , Alkimavicius Jonas , Mazeikiene Asta , Linkeviciene Laura 
Published: April 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article Influence of new immediate tissue level abutment on crestal bone stability of subcrestally placed implants. A 1‐year randomised controlled clinical trial by Tomas Linkevicius et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12979.image
Incomplete penetrance of a novel SDHD variation causing familial head and neck paraganglioma
Authors: Koenighofer Martin , Parzefall Thomas , Frohne Alexandra , Frei Elisabeth , Schoefer Christian , Laccone Franco , Feil Patricia , Frei Klemens , Lucas Trevor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveIdentification of variations in tumour suppressor genes encoding the tetrameric succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) mitochondrial enzyme complex may lead to personalised therapeutic concepts for the orphan disease, familial paraganglioma (PGL) type 1‐5. We undertook to determine the causative variation in a family suffering from idiopathic early‐onset (22 ± 2 years) head and neck PGL by PCR and Sanger sequencing.DesignProspective genetic study.SettingTertiary Referral Otolaryngology Centre.ParticipantsTwelve family members.Main outcome measuresMain outcomes were clinical analysis and SDH genotypingResults and ConclusionsA novel heterozygous c.298delA frameshift variation in exon 3 of SDH subunit D (SDHD) was associated with a paternal transmission pattern of PGL in affected family members available to the study. Family history over five generations in adulthood indicated a variable penetrance for PGL inheritance in older generations. The c.298delA variant would cause translation of a 34‐residue C‐terminus distal to lysine residue 99 in the predicted transmembrane domain II of the full‐length sequence p.(Thr100LeufsTer35) and would affect the translation products of all protein‐coding SDHD isoforms containing transmembrane topologies required for positional integration in the inner mitochondrial membrane and complex formation. These results underly the importance of genetic screening for PGL also in cases of unclear inheritance, and variation carriers should benefit from screening and lifelong follow‐up.
NMDA receptor‐dependent and ‐independent effects of natural compounds and crude drugs on synaptic states as revealed by drebrin imaging analysis
Authors: Koganezawa Noriko , Sekino Yuko , Kawakami Hitomi , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Kawahara Nobuo , Shirao Tomoaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffective drugs that can cure cognitive impairments remain elusive. Because synaptic dysfunction has been correlated with cognitive impairments, drug development to target synaptic dysfunction is important. Recently, natural compounds and crude drugs have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders. However, their effects on synaptic function remain unclear, because of lack of evaluation system with high reproducibility. We have recently developed highly reproducible in vitro high‐content imaging analysis system for evaluation of synaptic function using drebrin as a marker for synaptic states. Therefore, we aimed to examine the direct effects of well‐known natural compounds and crude drugs on synaptic states using this system. Rat hippocampal neurons were treated using natural compounds (nobiletin, diosgenin and tenuifolin) and crude drugs (Uncaria Hook [UH], Bezoar Bovis [BB], Coptis Rhizome [CR], Phellodendron Bark [PB] and Polygala Root [PR]). Immunocytochemical analysis was performed, and dendrite lengths and drebrin cluster densities were automatically quantified. We found that diosgenin, tenuifolin, CR, PB and PR decreased drebrin cluster densities, and the effects of PB and PR were partially dependent on N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid‐type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Nobiletin and UH did not show any effects, whereas low‐dose BB treatment increased drebrin cluster densities. Our results showed that diosgenin, tenuifolin, BB, CR, PB and PR appeared to directly change synaptic states. Particularly, the NMDAR dependency of PB and PR appears to affect synaptic plasticity.
Different roles of subcortical inputs in V1 responses to luminance and contrast
Authors: Tang Rendong , Chen Wenzhen , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCells in the primary visual cortex (V1) generally respond weakly to large uniform luminance stimuli. Only a subset of V1 cells is thought to encode uniform luminance information. In natural scenes, local luminance is an important feature for defining an object that varies and coexists with local spatial contrast. However, the strategies used by V1 cells to encode local mean luminance for spatial contrast stimuli remain largely unclear. Here, using extracellular recordings in anesthetized cats, we investigated the responses of V1 cells by comparing with those of retinal ganglion (RG) cells and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells to simultaneous and rapid changes in luminance and spatial contrast. Almost all V1 cells exhibited a strong monotonic increasing luminance tuning when they were exposed to high spatial contrast. Thus, V1 cells encode the luminance carried by spatial contrast stimuli with the monotonically increasing response function. Moreover, high contrast decreased luminance tuning of OFF cells but increased that of in ON cells in RG and LGN. The luminance and contrast tunings of LGN ON cells were highly separable as V1 cells, whereas those of LGN OFF cells were lowly separable. These asymmetrical effects of spatial contrast on ON/OFF channels might underlie the robust ability of V1 cells to perform luminance tuning when exposed to spatial contrast stimuli.
Prospective nursing care certification using the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale
Authors: Ide Koichiro , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Yasuda Tatsuya , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamada Tomohiro , Watanabe Yuh , Nakai Keiichi , Hoshino Hironobu , Niwa Haruo , Togawa Daisuke , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: April 2021

AimThe 25‐question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (hereafter, “GLFS‐25”) is a simple screening tool to detect elderly individuals at high risk of locomotive syndrome and promote interventions. This cohort study aimed to clarify if it can predict the need for nursing care certification in the near future.MethodsParticipants were 531 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years who had undergone a healthcare checkup in 2012 and never received nursing care certification until 2012. We collected baseline information and conducted a physical examination in 2012. We investigated the presence of nursing care certification and care need level from 2013 to 2018. Relationships of these factors with nursing care certification after 6 years were assessed. A receiver operating characteristic curve for both the GLFS‐25 and physical examination were used to determine optimal threshold value.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2018, 114 volunteers (21.4%) applied for nursing care certification and 29 volunteers died. The group with nursing care certification (over support level 1) had an average age of 79.9 years and a mean score of 17.8 on the scale. Those without nursing care certification had an average age of 74.1 years and a mean score of 8.7. When the GLFS‐25 score was 12.5, sensitivity was 0.658 and specificity was 0.760. The area under the curve was 0.736 (95% confidence interval 0.682–0.789).ConclusionsThe GLFS‐25 has enabled early detection of individuals with locomotive syndrome who are more likely to need nursing care certification in the near future. We propose using a cutoff score of 13 for the scale. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 492–497.
Relationship between patient safety culture and safety performance in nursing: The role of safety behaviour
Authors: Hu Shao Hua , Wang Ting , Ramalho Nelson Campos , Zhou Dian , Hu Xing , Zhao Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to test the mediator role of patient safety behaviour between safety culture and safety performance among nurses.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out between September and December 2017 in the nursing units of 10 primary hospitals, two secondary hospitals and two tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province, China.ResultsThe study participants comprised 79 RNs from primary hospitals, 147 RNs from secondary hospitals and 242 RNs from tertiary hospitals. Most were female (97.6%) and married (73.1%), and their ages ranged from less than 25 years to retirement age. The sample included nurses working in several departments, including medicine (27.1%), surgery (14.3%), emergency (11.5%) and ICU (9%). Structural equation model analysis results showed that espoused values directly affected safety performance, and practised values affected safety performance through safety behaviour.ConclusionOur hypothetical model noted that safety behaviour is a positive mediating factor of practised safety values affecting safety performance, suggesting that Chinese nursing managers should construct a patient safety culture that is guided and driven by appropriate values, which will ultimately be externalized as nurses' daily behaviour.
A comparative analysis of the discrimination of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) based on the cross‐section and seed textures determined using image processing
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Szwejda‐Grzybowska Justyna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop the models based on the texture parameters of images of selected parts of pepper fruit for cultivar discrimination. This study was aimed to compare the usefulness of textures from cross‐sections (slices) and seeds of pepper for distinguishing the different cultivars using the discriminative classifiers. The textures from the cross‐sections and seeds were calculated based on images converted to individual color channels. The texture selections and discriminant analyzes were performed separately for color spaces RGB, Lab, XYZ and color channels R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, Z. In the case of pepper cross‐sections, the discriminant models built for color space RGB, color channel G, color space Lab, color channel L, color space XYZ and color channel Y provided the total accuracies reaching 100%. In the case of pepper seeds, the total accuracies reached 89% for models built based on textures selected from color space RGB, 90% for color space Lab and 82% for color space XYZ. Among the color channels from individual color spaces, the highest total accuracies were determined for color channel R (84%), color channel L (81%), and color channel X (83%).Practical ApplicationsThe developed discrimination models can be practically applied for the identification of pepper cultivars in a fast, objective and inexpensive way. Both, in the case of pepper cross‐sections and pepper seeds, the cultivar may be distinguished with a very high probability. In order to increase the range of use of the developed procedure, the research may be extended to other cultivars. It may allow to avoid adulteration of pepper fruit and seeds.