bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological and medicinal application of Cucumis sativus Linn. – review of current status with future possibilities
Authors: Khan Anayatullah , Mishra Anuradha , Hasan Syed Misbahul , Usmani Afreen , Ubaid Mohd , Khan Naimuddin , Saidurrahman Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The increasing demand for herbal drugs for the human application is causing a growing demand for the cultivation of Medicinal Plants. This demand has developed because of cost-effective, plant-derived products rather than commercially available synthetic drugs. Cucumis sativus Linn. (Ver. Kheera) is a vegetable climber, species belongs to family Cucurbitaceae This species has a wide range of medicinal and biological applications thanks to its richness in carbohydrate, proteins, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc) and secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds These phytoconstituents may be responsible for allied therapeutic application. So, C. sativus possess wider applications for preventing certain ailments.

Content
The literature in various national and international journals and reports pertaining to the medicinal and nutritional uses were reviewed. The result revealed the current therapeutic applications of C. sativus whole plants other than the nutritional value. C. sativus pharmacological action includes antioxidant, anti-diabetic, UV protectant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-helminthic, wound healing, antimicrobial, and anticancer. So, it could be useful for both preventive and additive therapy along with modern medicine for the better management of certain disorders.

Summary and Outlook
This review furnishes updated information about the phytoconstituents and their medicinal applications so that it can pose a path for the young researchers to do future findings.
Do non-invasive prenatal tests promote discrimination against people with Down syndrome? What should be done?
Authors: Zerres Klaus , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Holzgreve Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By implementation of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS) in maternity care, an ethical debate is newly inflamed how to deal with this information. Fears of the consequences of an increased use of NIPT are justified with the same arguments when amniocentesis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) were introduced decades ago. It can be expected that the prevalence of people with DS would significantly increase in Western societies as a result of the increasing age of pregnant women and the improved medical care for people with DS. The net effect as to whether an increasing uptake of NIPT will result in more abortions of fetuses with trisomy 21 cannot be reliably estimated. This holds true since more and more couples will use results of NIPT for information only, but will not opt for termination of pregnancy. Although parents love their children with DS, in a society where reproductive autonomy is seen as an achievement, access to NIPT cannot be limited. On this background, comprehensive and qualified pretest counseling is vital, also to avoid possible stigmatization of people with DS and as the resulting consequence to avoid feared deterioration in their living conditions, for which, however, there is no evidence to date. The personal view of a mother of a child with DS illustrates the complexity in dealing with NIPT, which does not allow simple answers and must be understood as a challenge for society as a whole.
The materiality of theletterin Seto oral culture
Authors: Arukask Madis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the concept ofletterin oral folklore. The main research material is examples from the older folk songs of Seto, where a letter, a book and other items referring to literacy are mentioned. Texts under consideration are poetical and the meaning conveyed in them is not always very clear. The termlettermay be related to a message, paper, book, leaf or other material medium in the songs. The boundary between oracy and literacy is therefore thin, given that letters and writing are often imagined and conveyed in a physical context. Literacy in Seto folk songs is sometimes reflected as part of mythological knowledge and a mythological worldview. The written text or objects carrying it may have magical power. In some songs the writing can also be found on plants, which is interesting from a cross-cultural perspective. Similar motives from the folklore and beliefs of other peoples have been used comparatively to understand the content of the songs under consideration. The song of heavenly cows eating holy plants offers an opportunity to draw intercultural parallels and raises the question about the ethnogenesis of the Seto and their relatedness to different Eurasian peoples further to the east.
Plant oil-based polymers
Authors: Zhu Guoqiang , Liu Chengguo , Zhang Chaoqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolymer materials derived from natural resources have gained increasing attention in recent years because of the uncertainties concerning petroleum supply and prices in the future as well as their environmental pollution problems. As one of the most abundant renewable resources, plant oils are suitable starting materials for polymers because of their low cost, the rich chemistry that their triglyceride structure provides, and their potential biodegradability. This chapter covers the structure, modification of triglycerides and their derivatives as well as synthesis of polymers therefrom. The remarkable advances during the last two decades in organic synthesis using plant oils and the basic oleochemicals derived from them are selectively reported and updated. Various methods, such as condensation, radical/cationic polymerization, metathesis procedure, and living polymerization, have also been applied in constructing oil-based polymers. Based on the advance of these changes, traditional polymers such as polyamides, polyesters, and epoxy resins have been renewed. Partial oil-based polymers have already been applied in some industrial areas and recent developments in this field offer promising new opportunities.
Disruption of circadian rhythm and risk of autism spectrum disorder: role of immune-inflammatory, oxidative stress, metabolic and neurotransmitter pathways
Authors: Abdul Fazal , Sreenivas Nikhitha , Kommu John Vijay Sagar , Banerjee Moinak , Berk Michael , Maes Michael , Leboyer Marion , Debnath Monojit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Circadian rhythms in most living organisms are regulated by light and synchronized to an endogenous biological clock. The circadian clock machinery is also critically involved in regulating and fine-tuning neurodevelopmental processes. Circadian disruption during embryonic development can impair crucial phases of neurodevelopment. This can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. Increasing evidence from studies showing abnormalities in sleep and melatonin as well as genetic and epigenetic changes in the core elements of the circadian pathway indicate a pivotal role of circadian disruption in ASD. However, the underlying mechanistic basis through which the circadian pathways influence the risk and progression of ASD are yet to be fully discerned. Well-recognized mechanistic pathways in ASD include altered immune-inflammatory, nitro oxidative stress, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, and metabolic pathways. Notably, all these pathways are under the control of the circadian clock. It is thus likely that a disrupted circadian clock will affect the functioning of these pathways. Herein, we highlight the possible mechanisms through which aberrations in the circadian clock might affect immune-inflammatory, nitro-oxidative, metabolic pathways, and neurotransmission, thereby driving the neurobiological sequelae leading to ASD.
Salts of octabismuth(2+) polycations crystallized from Lewis-acidic ionic liquids
Authors: Knies Maximilian , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The reaction of Bi and BiCl3 with RbCl or CsCl in the Lewis-acidic ionic liquid (IL) [BMIm]Cl·4AlCl3 at T = 200 °C yielded air-sensitive, shiny black crystals. X-ray diffraction on single crystals revealed the hexagonal structures of two new salts (Bi8)M[AlCl4]3 (M = Rb, Cs), which are isostructural to the high-temperature form of (Bi8)Tl[AlCl4]3. The known (Bi8)2+ polycation is a square antiprism and can be interpreted as an arachno cluster following modified Wade rules. The crystal structure is a complex variant of the hexagonal perovskite structure type ABX
3 with A = (Bi8)2+, B = M
+ and X = [AlCl4]–. Chiral strands

∞

{

M

[

AlCl
4

]

3

}

2
−

∞
1

$\infty {}_{\infty }{}^{1}{\left\{M{\left[{\text{AlCl}}_{4}\right]}_{3}\right\}}^{2-}$

(M = Rb, Cs) run along [001]. The (Bi8)2+ polycations are only weakly coordinated inside a cage of 24 chloride ions and show dynamic rotational disorder at room temperature. Upon slow cooling to 170 K, the reorientation of the clusters was frozen, yet no long-range order was established.
Cardioprotective effects of omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil and it enhances autoimmunity in porcine cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis in the rat model
Authors: Li Ling-Yan , Wang Xu , Zhang Ting-Chuan , Liu Zong-Jun , Gao Jun-Qing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experiment proposed to investigate the efficiency of omega 3 fatty acids from fish that improves autoimmune against myocarditis in the rat. Fish oil was extracted from fresh Tuna fish and performed FAME analysis and mice bioassay. The autoimmune myocarditis was induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine cardiac myosin (PCM) into the footpads of rats on the first and seventh day. Rats were dissected on the 21st day to analyze the histopathological, hemodynamic, echocardiographic factors, and immunohistochemistry expressions. In the study, 73.90% of total fatty acids were recorded. Histological analysis revealed that omega 3 fatty acids administrated groups showed tremendous development in the multifocal myocardia hyaline degeneration and necrosis with inflammatory changes. Moreover, omega 3 fatty acids inhabited the expressions of inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8 and CD11b) and suppressed the level of NF-κB. The echocardiographic factors such as heartbeat, SBP, DBP, levels of LVDs, LVDd, LVPW percentage of LVFS, EF, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, IL-2, and IL-6) also significantly suppressed by omega 3 fatty acids. Hence, the present study proved that consuming fatty acid-enriched fish might be a successful therapy for improving the inflammatory profile, regenerates the heart tissues, and controlled the production of inflammatory cells.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of 1.6-mm-Thick Nimonic-75 Superalloy Welds
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Anil Kumar V. , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Vivek R. , Venkitakrishnan P. V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and electron beam welding (EBW) studies on thin Nimonic-75 sheets of 1.6-mm thickness have been carried out using butt-weld configuration. Manual GTAW was done using Inconel-718 filler wire with a two-pass welding and EBW was done by autogenous welding. The strength of both the weldments at ambient temperature is found to be marginally (~4%) higher than the base metal. Marginally higher strength in the case of GTAW joints was observed at ambient temperature and is attributed to the use of Inconel-718 filler wire, where the additional alloying elements (niobium, aluminum, molybdenum) and their contents in the weldment contribute to increase in strength. The microstructure of the fusion zone in EBW reveals a needle-shaped/acicular structure with fine dendrites, whereas the dendrites are coarser in the case of GTAW welds. At elevated temperatures (600°C–700°C), the strength of GTAW is similar to the base metal. However, EBW coupon exhibited higher strength (~20–45%) than GTAW coupon, indicating the beneficial role of faster heating/cooling in EBW leading to acicular microstructure.
The Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award 2019 for the best perioperative pathway for people with diabetes
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Burckett-St.Laurent David , Leech Nicola , Dhatariya Ketan , Sampson Mike , Castro Erwin , Hillson Rowan , Jones Christine 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The annual National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) in the UK continues to show a high incidence of insulin errors in patients admitted to hospital with diabetes. New initiatives are urgently required to mitigate this risk.Method: The Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) organised the sixth national Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award on the theme of the best perioperative pathway for people with diabetes.Result: The winner was the team from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board led by Dr David Burckett-St Laurent for their innovative re-design of the perioperative pathway by a cross-specialty working group. The main elements of the new system were standardised patient assessment, optimisation of perioperative diabetes control, personalised diabetes management plans generated from a drop-down menu with information on usual drug treatment, pre-op/day of surgery diabetes medication modification, advice on hypoglycaemia management and sick-day rules, anaesthetic review for people with HbA1c >69 mmol/mol, secondary care diabetes review for people with suboptimal diabetes control, new inpatient charts with guidance on diabetes drug management, streamlining of time and place of admission and greater engagement and education of people with diabetes and staff looking after them. This resulted in significant improvement in outcomes and reduction in risks.The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust team led by Dr Nicola Leech and colleagues received the runners-up award for their 3-year quality improvement project involving multiple specialties. The project included development of trust-wide policies and protocols, educational initiatives, targeted diabetes specialist nurse in-reach, innovative electronic whiteboard alerts for glycaemic control and electronic hypo alerts. The result was a reduction in insulin errors and hypoglycaemia on surgical wards by over 50%, a reduction in Datix incidents and fewer patients suffering harm events.Summary and conclusion: These and similar schemes need to be developed, promoted and shared to reduce insulin errors in hospitalised patients with diabetes.
The Correlation between Caries and Quality of Life of Mentally Disabled Learners
Authors: Endah Yani Ristya Widi , Pratiwi Yunita Satya , Prayitno Hadi , Anshari Muhammad , Nugroho Heru Santoso Wahito 
Published: May 2021

Introduction.Â Mentally disabled learners have dental problems 30% more complex than the ordinary toddler. It is because they have intellectual function disorder and adaptive behavior. This condition caused limitations in cleaning teeth optimally. So it will increase the risk of caries. This study objective is to find the correlation between the quality of life and dental caries at mentally disabled learners. Method. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach to 118 learners in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, by total sampling. The variables in this study were quality of life (was measured with WHOQL-BREF index) and dental caries (was measured with DMF-T index). Tools and materials used are dental kids, alcohol 70%, cotton pellet, cotton roll, tampon, and WHOQL-BREF sheet. The data were presented descriptively in the form of a frequency distribution table, continued by Spearman Correlation test to analyze the correlation between the quality of life and dental caries at mentally disabled learners. Results. Most of the respondents are male (61%), with a range of age is 16-20 years old. The average quality of life for mentally disabled learners is the moderate category ( 65%). The average dental caries is considered as high. Spearman correlation shows pâ‰¤Î±(0,05) means there is a correlation between dental caries and quality of life. Conclusion. There is a correlation between dental caries and the quality of life for mentally disabled learners.
A case of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in pediatric patient with febrile neutropenia and review of literature
Authors: İnal Neşe , Hazırolan Gülşen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeptotrichia species are fastidious anaerobic, fusiform, pencil-shaped Gram-negative bacilli that reside in microbiota of humans. Leptotrichia species have increasingly been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in humans, mainly in the immunocompromised patient. Anaerobic organisms have rarely been isolated from blood cultures of pediatric patients. In our study, we isolated Leptotrichia trevisanii from central venous catheter culture of a five-year-old male patient. It was identified with both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The early recognition of anaerobic bacteremia and administration of appropriate antimicrobial and play an important role preventing mortality and morbidity in children. In our study we report a rarely diagnosed case of L. trevisanii bacteremia in a pediatric patient.
Közösségi tanulás járvány idején
Authors: Forray R. Katalin , Kozma Tamás 
Published: May 2021

Összefoglaló. A társadalmi innovációt és közösségi tanulást kutatók
általában társadalmi méretű természeti katasztrófákból indulnak ki
(Moulaert et al. 2013: 113–130). Mi a járványt próbáljuk
úgy tekinteni, mint az egész közösséget érő kihívást, amely új tanulásokat és
innovációkat eredményez (Márkus–Kozma 2019: 5–17).
Paradigmatikus kutatási módszerünk a résztvevő megfigyelés
(Moulaert–MacCallum 2019: 115–120). Ezt kiegészítjük a
szociális média elemzésével, valamint célzott interjúkkal és folyamatos
monitorozással. Az események lefutására példaként az oktatást (tanárokat,
tanulókat, szülőket és fönntartókat) használtuk. Négy lakossági csoportot és
jellegzetes magatartásaikat sikerült körvonalaznunk a kormányzat mint aktor
mellett: a „lojálisakat”, a „vádaskodókat”, az „aktívakat” és az
„innovatívakat”. Az oktatásügy története a járványveszély idején változó
dinamikát mutat. A járványveszély kihirdetésekor a civilek innovativitása
fellángolt; ezt azonban a kormányzati adminisztráció később fokozatosan
visszaszorította. A kívánatos ezzel szemben a felek partnersége lett volna.
Summary. Researchers of social innovation and community (social)
learning usually start their analyses from natural disasters (Moulaert
et al. 2013: 113–130). In this paper, we defined the first six
weeks of pandemic threat (COVID-19) in Hungary as a community-wide challenge
that resulted in new learning and innovation (Márkus–Kozma 2019:
5–17). We choose participatory observation as the main research
method (Moulaert–MacCallum 2019: 115–120) which was
complemented by social media analysis as well as targeted interviews and ongoing
monitoring. We used education (teachers, students, parents and owners of
institutions) as an example. We outlined four population groups and their
typical attitudes towards the government’s anti-virus education policy: the
“loyal”, the “accuser”, the “active” and the “innovative”. The education policy
showed changing dynamics at the time of the epidemic threat. When the threat was
announced, the innovativeness of civilians flared up; however, this was later
gradually suppressed by government decisions. The desired, on the other hand,
would have been a partnership between the parties.
SHP-1 and SHP-2 gene expressions in leukemia and unclassified blood disorders
Authors: May Nguyen Thi , Xuan Nguyen Thi 
Published: May 2021

Hematopoiesis and blood diseases include leukemia and unclassified blood disorders (UBDs). Leukemia, one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world, is divided into four major types including acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The SHP gene group belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which plays an important role in preventing cancer growth. This group consists of two main genes, SHP-1 and SHP-2. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the expression of SHP-1 and SHP-2 genes in patients with leukemia and UBDs using real-time PCR. Results showed that while SHP-1 gene expression was significantly decreased in all patient samples compared to control samples, SHP-2 gene expression was significantly increased in patients with CML and other blood disorders but decreased in ALL patients compared to healthy subjects. These results are important for disease diagnosis and combination therapy based on SHP-1 and SHP-2 target genes.
Kulturel kapital og social differentiering
Authors: Callewaert Staf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Kulturel kapital og social differentiering. Artiklen udgør optegnelserne til en forelæsning på Socialforskningsinstituttets konference 6.-7. oktober 1994.
Indledningsvis kommenteres selve konferencens problemtilling: Hvad den samfundsvidenskabelige forskning kan tilbyde når det gælder at begrebsliggøre systematiske sociale, kulturelle og økonomiske forskelle i befolkningens livsvilkår. Mere konkret: Hvad Bourdieus begreb kulturel kapital kan bidrage med i en diskussion af effekter af en ulige fordeling af goder. Begrebet "forskelle" fremhæves indledningsvis som problematisk fordi man udsætter sig for en indbygget orientering mod tanken om at man i det mindste kan tænke sig en befolkning uden systematiske forskelle i livsvilkår mellem grupperne.
Begrebet "kulturel kapital" resumeres og diskuteres, og der relateres til en skriftløs etnisk gruppering i Vestafrika (Ballanta i Guinea-Bissau) uden en central politisk overhøjhed som holdes sammen af en magt som i sidste instans er forlagt til den usynlige del af den samlede gruppe af deltagere, en forfaderskult. Vores politiske tænkning har siden den engelske, den amerikanske og den franske revolution opereret med modeller hvor bæreren af et politisk herredømme i sidste instans er de sig imellem ligestillede medborgere i forening. En sådan forestilling udgør en ideologisk konstruktion på lige fod med forfaderstroen.
Bourdieus forståelse af begrebet "kultur" indebærer ikke kultur stillet mod natur, men kultur som den side af den menneskelige virksomhed som er symbolsk. Der perspektiveres til andre forståelser af især "kapital" og "økonomi", og det konstateres at den økonomiske økonomi i moderne samfund har sine egne forfaderskulter, det vil sige sine egne symbolske strukturer som på en særegen måde organiserer miskendelsen af udenoms-økonomiske interesser, på samme måde som primitive symbolske strukturer organiserer miskendelsen af økonomiske interesser.
I skole antages det at præstationerne afhænger af arbejdsomhed og evner, men de afhænger snarere af dispositioner hvis erhvervelse er stærkt forbundet med den enkeltes biologiske egenskaber og første opvækstvilkår, og forudsætter ikke nødvendigvis en bevidst indprentning. Det gør at sammenblandingen af arv og præstation okkulteres. Erhvervelsens distinktive kendetegn tenderer mod at være vældigt upåfaldende og tilsyneladende uvæsentlige karakteristika som for eksempel en accent i sproget eller en måde at gå på; karakteristika omfattet af begrebet kulturel kapital".