bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Bias, Social–Emotional Competence, and Teachers' Evaluation of Student Behavior
Authors: Ura Sarah K , d’Abreu Ana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Children of color are disproportionately referred for discipline in schools and subsequently receive harsher punishments than their peers. Teachers’ implicit bias has been identified as a possible source of these disparities, particularly for Black boys. However, teachers’ social–emotional competence (SEC) may mitigate biased responses to Black students’ behavior and make them likely to interpret concerning or disruptive behavior as a need for counseling rather than discipline referral. This study examined the effect of teachers’ SEC (rated high, medium, or low) on the likelihood of referring a student for counseling, given a student’s race, with a sample of 164 teachers. Results showed that teachers may have racial bias regardless of their level of SEC, although it manifests differently depending on the type of student behavior. The article concludes with the discussion of the importance of a culturally responsive, trauma-informed approach to evaluation of student behavior, and implications for school social workers’ practice.
Anterior Subcapsular Cataract Formation With Long-term Topical Netarsudil Treatment for Glaucoma
Authors: Chang Eileen L. , Emmel David K. , Teng Christopher C. , Sarrafpour Soshian , Liu Ji 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe anterior subcapsular cataract development in patients on long-term topical netarsudil use.

Patients and Methods:
This clinical observational study summarizes a similar cataract pattern demonstrated in a series of patients from a single physician practice and a university-based outpatient clinic during their routine clinical follow-up visits from October 2020 to August 2021. All patients have been using topical netarsudil once daily for at least 15 months. No anterior capsular changes have been observed in any patient at the time when netarsudil was initiated.

Results:
Five eyes from 4 patients between the ages of 41 and 61 and 1 eye from a patient aged 84 were found to develop anterior subcapsular opacities 15 to 37 months after beginning netarsudil. These cataracts were overall small, 1 to 3 mm, round, oval or ring-shaped, central or paracentral with mild density. No other risk factors for cataract development apart from age were found in these patients.

Conclusion:
Patients on long-term netarsudil should be monitored for potential development of anterior subcapsular cataracts.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic ketoacidosis among Patients Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City
Authors: Alhajaji Raghad , Almasodi Khalid , Alhajaji Afaf , Alturkstani Ahmad , Samkari Mayada 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess magnitude of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among type-1 diabetics and to identify associated risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 type-1 diabetics in Makkah Al-Mukarramah City, Saudi Arabia.ResultsAmong participants, 59.3% were males, 44.1% were diabetic for more than 5 years, while 70.8% reported past history of DKA. The main causes of DKA were “first presentation of the disease” (40.9%), and “discontinued treatment” (37%). The HbA1c among 53.6% was above 9%. Almost all cases who experienced DKA were hospitalised (98.8%). Out of them, 9 (5.4%) suffered complications. Female patients were more likely to suffer from episodes of DKA than males (76% and 68.3%, respectively). Most patients whose parents’ highest education was primary level had DKA more frequently than those whose parents’ had postgraduate education. Patients with unemployed fathers had significantly higher frequency of DKA (p=0.004). Ketoacidosis was significantly more frequent among patients with parents’ consanguinity (p<0.001). Patients who had their current HbA1c level exceeding 9% had positive history of DKA compared to those with HbA1c level ≤7% (87.9% and 28.6%, respectively, p<0.001).ConclusionMost type-1 diabetics experience DKA, mainly with their first presentation of disease or due to discontinuation of treatment. DKA tends to occur more frequently among female patients, those with less educated parents or when their parents are relatives.ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGEThis study rang a warning bell towards parents’ consanguinity among type-1 diabetics as a risk factor for diabetic ketoacidosis.The current search revealed the lack of public’s awareness about type-1 diabetes and its complications as well as their low compliance towards its treatment, since diabetic ketoacidosis occurred mainly at the first presentation of the disease among diabetics, or due to treatment discontinuation.APPLICATION TO PATIENT CAREThis study indicated the importance of raising the public’s awareness regarding early symptoms of diabetes among their children so as to be ready to seek medical advice as early as possible before the occurrence of complications.Health education messages should be repeatedly broadcast via mass media explaining the hazards associated with consanguineous marriages.Health care providers should stress to diabetic patients and/or their caregivers the importance of compliance to treatment.
The use of Ipratropium and Tiotropium as novel agents to reduce inflammation inin vitromacrophage models
Authors: Mohammed Ifteqar Hussain 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects an estimated 330 million individuals worldwide. Approximately, 3 million individuals died of COPD in 2012 and it is predicted that COPD would be the third leading factor for deaths worldwide by 2020. In United Kingdom nearly one million individuals suffer from COPD.PurposeThere are no effective pharmacotherapies available for COPD. it is only managed by using bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids mostly. However, cardiovascular effects are associated with these drugs. Most importantly, there is an unmet need of COPD treatment worldwide. Our research aim was to identify Ipratropium and Tiotropium as novel anti-inflammatory agents inin vitromacrophage models.AimsTo investigate the LPS stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF- α levels in THP-1 cells. To investigate whether the drugs Ipratropium and Tiotropium are capable of decreasing LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells.MaterialsHuman monocytic cell line THP-1 cells, Rosewell Park Memorial Institute RPMI 1640 with Glutamax I, 1% Penicillin Streptomycin (PenStrep) and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), Lipopolysaccharide 10μl/ml, 0.05% Tween20, 0.4% Trypan blue, Reagent diluent (10% Bovine Serum Albumin in PBS), Budesonide Fenoterol, Ipratropium and Tiotropium. Human IL-6 DuoSet ELISA, Human TNF-α ELISA, TMB ELISA Substrate solution and Stop solution.MethodsTHP-1 cells were cultured and challenges with LPS to stimulate the IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines. The cells were treated with Budesonide, Fenoterol, Ipratropium and Tiotropium. ELISA was performed to determine the concentrations of cytokines.ResultsThe results suggested that Ipratropium and Tiotropium reduce IL-6 and TNF- α concentrations in the cells. However, Budesonide and Fenoterol were found to reduce cytokines more effectively than Ipratropium and Tiotropium. The data was considered significant only whenP<0.05.ConclusionsThe anti-inflammatory or cytokine reducing properties of Ipratropium and Tiotropium were acknowledged. The research hypothesis was found to be true. Budesonide and Fenoterol substantially reduce cytokine levels. The receptor interactions of Ipratropium and Tiotropium may be responsible for their duration of action. Overall, Ipratropium and Tiotropium display the characteristics of novel anti-inflammatories.
A feedback loop between heterochromatin and the nucleopore complex controls germ-cell to oocyte transition duringDrosophilaoogenesis
Authors: Sarkar Kahini , Kotb Noor M , Lemus Alex , Martin Elliot T , McCarthy Alicia , Camacho Justin , Iqbal Ayman , Valm Alex M. , Sammons Morgan A , Rangan Prashanth 
Published: November 2021

SummaryGerm cells differentiate into oocytes that become totipotent upon fertilization. How the highly specialized oocyte acquires this distinct cell fate is poorly understood. DuringDrosophilaoogenesis, H3K9me3 histone methyltransferase SETDB1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of germ cells concurrent with oocyte specification. Here, we discovered that nuclear SETDB1 is required to silence a cohort of differentiation-promoting genes by mediating their heterochromatinization. Intriguingly, SETDB1 is also required for the upregulation of 18 of the ~30 nucleoporins (Nups) that comprise the nucleopore complex (NPC). NPCs in turn anchor SETDB1-dependent heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery to maintain H3K9me3 and gene silencing in the egg chambers. Aberrant gene expression due to loss of SETDB1 or Nups results in loss of oocyte identity, cell death and sterility. Thus, a feedback loop between heterochromatin and NPCs promotes transcriptional reprogramming at the onset of oocyte specification that is critical to establish oocyte identity.
AAV9-MCT8 delivery at juvenile stage ameliorates neurological and behavioral deficits in an Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome mouse model
Authors: Liao Xiao-Hui , Avalos Pablo , Shelest Oksana , Ofan Raz , Shilo Michael , Bresee Catherine , Likhite Shibi , Vit Jean-Philippe , Heuer Heike , Kaspar Brian , Meyer Kathrin , Dumitrescu Alexandra M. , Refetoff Samuel , Svendsen Clive N. , Vatine Gad D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAllan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a severe X-linked intellectual and psychomotor disability disorder accompanied by abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) levels. AHDS is caused by inactivating mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), a specific TH transporter widely expressed in the central nervous system. MCT8 gene mutations cause impaired transport of TH across brain barriers, leading to insufficient neural TH supply. There is currently no successful therapy for the neurological symptoms. AAV9-based gene therapy is a promising approach to treat monogenic neurological disorders. Here, the potential of this approach was tested in the well-established double knockout (dKO) Mct8-/y;Oatp1c1-/- mouse model of AHDS, which displays disease-relevant neurological and TH phenotypes. Systemic intravenous delivery of AAV9-MCT8 at a juvenile stage led to improved locomotor and cognitive function, as well as rescue of T3-brain content and T3-related gene expression. This preclinical study indicates that this gene therapy may improve the neurological symptoms of AHDS patients.
Drug-induced epigenomic plasticity reprograms circadian rhythm regulation to drive prostate cancer towards androgen-independence
Authors: Linder Simon , Hoogstraat Marlous , Stelloo Suzan , Schuurman Karianne , de Barros Hilda , Alkemade Maartje , Sanders Joyce , Kim Yongsoo , Bekers Elise , de Jong Jeroen , Kluin Roelof J.C. , Giambartolomei Claudia , Seo Ji-Heui , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Zoubeidi Amina , Freedman Matthew L. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Butler Lisa M. , Lack Nathan A. , van der Poel Henk , Bergman Andries M. , Zwart Wilbert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents are very effective in various stages of the disease. However, therapy resistance inevitably occurs and little is known about how tumor cells adapt to bypass AR suppression. Here, we performed integrative multi-omics analyses on tissues isolated before and after 3 months of AR-targeting enzalutamide monotherapy from high-risk prostate cancer patients enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AR inhibition drove tumors towards a neuroendocrine-like disease state. In addition, epigenomic profiling revealed massive enzalutamide-induced reprogramming of pioneer factor FOXA1 – from inactive chromatin binding sites towards active cis-regulatory elements that dictate pro-survival signals. Notably, treatment-induced FOXA1 sites were enriched for the circadian rhythm core component ARNTL. Post-treatment ARNTL levels associated with poor outcome, and ARNTL suppression decreased cell growth in vitro. Our data highlight a remarkable cistromic plasticity of FOXA1 following AR-targeted therapy, and revealed an acquired dependency on circadian regulator ARNTL, a novel candidate therapeutic target.SignificanceUnderstanding how prostate cancer cells adapt to AR-targeted interventions is critical for identifying novel drug targets to improve the clinical management of treatment-resistant disease. Our study revealed an enzalutamide-induced epigenetic plasticity towards pro-survival signaling, and uncovered circadian regulator ARNTL as an acquired vulnerability after AR inhibition, presenting a novel clinical lead for therapeutic development.
Factors affecting the intentions of youngsters in switching to a virtual third place amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: the place attachment and push-pull mooring theory
Authors: Handarkho Yonathan Dri , Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa , Michelle Brigitta 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to propose a theoretical model to investigate factors affecting the intentions of youngsters in switching to a virtual third place during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study obtained 221 responses from Indonesian youngsters, which was used to validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling analysis.FindingsThe direct effect indicated that perceived behavior and social distance attitude were the most significant predictors of intention followed by boredom and place attachment (PA), and the indirect effect of loneliness and social presence. In addition, moderating impact contributed significantly by providing profound knowledge toward the result.Originality/valueThe combination of PA and personal traits based on the push–pull–mooring framework relating to the virtual third place adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic offered a comprehensive model that has not been explored extensively by previous studies.
The effects of bank competition, financial stability and ownership structure: evidence from the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries
Authors: Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed , Biswas Tanmay , Abdul Halim Md. , Mateev Miroslav , Yousaf Imran , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to show the relationship between competition, financial stability and ownership structure of banks in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators to generate research results. This study uses an unbalanced panel dynamic data set. It covers the period 2011 to 2017 in MENA banks.FindingsThis study implies that there is a significant and positive relationship between market power and the financial stability of banks in MENA countries. It explains a competitive market focus on credit risk, which turns them risky. From the bank’s ownership view, Islamic banks are in a less risky position which means Islamic banks are more stable than other ownership structures. On the other hand, government specialized institute displays their poor financial stability and risky from other ownership structures. Unfortunately, there is no significant impact of ownership structure on competition unless Islamic banks prove that they (Islamic banks) perform better in market power.Practical implicationsThe empirical findings of this study suggest that MENA banks should improve the process of managing and monitoring the non-performing loan (loan segment business). It reduces the level of credit risk, which leads to achieving more profit. It also recommends that loan quality should improve immediately in this region for declining financial disruption. Based on the ownership structure, policymakers and stakeholders should adjust their risk and financial stability. Notably, the stakeholders can focus on Islamic banks in this region as this type of ownership structure showing superiority over other ownership structures.Originality/valueThis study is based on the latest data set and produced outcomes by using a GMM estimator. It also uses multiple measures of competition and risk variables to get robust results. Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, this study is the pioneer to examine the competition, risk (financial stability) and ownership structure of banks in the MENA countries.
Challenges and benefits of LED retrofit projects: a case of SALIX financed secondary school in the UK
Authors: Dunn Paul James , Oyegoke Adekunle Sabitu , Ajayi Saheed , Palliyaguru Roshani , Devkar Ganesh 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The recent surge in light emitting diode (LED) lighting retrofitted into schools in the UK is as a result of the UK Government’s 2050 zero carbon pledge. However, the benefits and consequences of LED retrofit projects for staff and enablers and stakeholder knowledge gaps about LED lighting retrofitting have not been fully explored. The aim of this research is to determine the amount of savings in cost, carbon reduction and kilowatt usage and to confirm if repayment from energy and cost savings derived from LED retrofit school projects funded through the SALIX funding option in the UK would be enough to service the loan. Thus, it examines monetary and non-monetary benefits, internal project stakeholder knowledge gaps and the consequences of LED retrofit for the staff and enablers of a large community college in the UK which is funded through the SALIX funding option.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology relied on a hybrid research approach of a case secondary school through the review of literature, analysis of secondary data, focus group and questionnaire survey. The focus group consists of six key project stakeholders. The secondary data was sourced from the Project IGP [Individual Grade Proposal] and the Positive Energy Report from Zenergi, and the closed online questionnaire survey was used to sample 150 teaching staff and school enablers.

Findings
The findings show that stakeholders lack project knowledge, trust and expertise/project comprehension. This is in terms of baseline information, LED technology/management, payback modalities, management of risks and ethical issues around environmental impact. The forecasted SALIX savings were not achieved in real-time, partly because it does not take into consideration the increase in energy costs over the payback period. However, the LED retrofit creates efficiencies; drives down energy costs and energy usage; and drives carbon reduction, helping pupils’ learning, improving productivity and performance, and finally leading to a better lighting environment for the school community.

Originality/value
The study will help schools in the UK that intend to access SALIX finance for LED retrofits to understand the challenges and mitigate the risks. It will also help the government to understand the importance of adjusting the payback modalities to the base price when the retrofit was carried out for real-time savings to be made. The research would be useful in ensuring the proactive involvement of all the identified stakeholders in understanding the challenges and what the function entails.
Exploring past, present and future trends in public sector auditing research: a literature review
Authors: Mattei Giorgia , Grossi Giuseppe , Guthrie A.M. James 
Published: November 2021

PurposePublic sector auditing research has changed rapidly over the past four decades. This paper aims to reveal how the field has developed and identify avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a structured literature review following Massaro et al. The sample comprises papers on public sector auditing published in accounting and public sector management journals between 1991 and 2020.FindingsThe present analysis highlights that academic research interest in public sector auditing has grown and become more diverse. The authors argue this may reflect a transformation of the public sector in recent decades, owing to the developing institutional logics of public sector reforms, from traditional public administration to new public management and now new public governance.Originality valueThis paper offers a comprehensive review of the public sector auditing literature, discussing different perspectives over time. It also outlines the various public sector reforms introduced over the period of the study. In reviewing the existing literature, the authors highlight the themes for future research and policy settings.
Comparative study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different parts of lemongrass leaves and their application in the functional drink
Authors: Ranjah Muhammad Abbas , Ismail Amir , Waseem Muhammad , Tanweer Saira , Ahmad Baila , Mehmood Tahir , Shah Faiz-Ul-Hassan , Ahmad Zulfiqar , Hussain Majid , Ismail Tariq 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aims to compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different parts (tip, mid and base portion) of lemongrass leaves for application as a natural ingredient in the functional drink.

Design/methodology/approach
Lemongrass leaf powder was prepared from different parts of leaves and evaluated for nutritional composition. Additionally, the extracts of different portions of lemongrass leaves were analyzed for total phenolics, free radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and antimicrobial activities for their application in food products.

Findings
Tip portion of lemongrass leaf anticipated significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of ash, protein, calcium, potassium and iron i.e. 6.2 mg/100 g, 18 mg/100 g, 340 ppm, 819 ppm and 32 ppm, respectively. Maximum (p < 0.05) phenolics (14.7 mg GAE/100 g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydroxyl (86.3%) and FRAP (200 mmol/100 g) were observed in lemongrass leaf tip methanolic extracts. Moreover, lemongrass leaf tip hydro-methanolic extracts portrayed maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus i.e. 16.7 and 18.2 mm, respectively.

Practical implications
This study demonstrated higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the tip of lemongrass leaves as compared with mid and base portions, hence suggesting its role in the improvement of physicochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of food products. Consequently, the application of lemongrass methanolic extract up to 10% remarkably enhanced the nutritional value and sensorial acceptance of the beverages.

Originality/value
The present research draws evidence from laboratory analysis of fresh lemongrass grown in Pakistan. The findings suggest that lemongrass methanolic extracts could be used as a nutritionally rich source of antioxidant activity in functional drinks.