bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professional preferences in the health and fitness assessment and optimization of older patients facing colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Daniels Sarah L. , Burton Maria , Lee Matthew J. , Moug Susan J. , Kerr Karen , Wilson Tim R. , Brown Steven R. , Wyld Lynda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThere are few age‐ and fitness‐specific, evidence‐based guidelines for colorectal cancer surgery. The uptake of different assessment and optimization strategies is variable. The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professional opinion about these issues using a mixed methods design.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with healthcare professionals from a single UK region involved in the treatment, assessment and optimization of colorectal surgery patients. Interviews were analysed using the framework approach. An online questionnaire survey was subsequently designed and disseminated to UK surgeons to quantitatively assess the importance of interview themes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse questionnaire data.ResultsThirty‐seven healthcare professionals out of 42 approached (response rate 88%) were interviewed across five hospitals in the south Yorkshire region. Three broad themes were developed: attitudes towards treatment of the older patient, methods of assessment of suitability and optimization strategies. The questionnaire was completed by 103 out of an estimated 256 surgeons (estimated response rate 40.2%). There was a difference in opinion regarding the role of major surgery in older patients, particularly when there is coexisting dementia. Assessment was not standardized. Access to optimization strategies was limited, particularly in the emergency setting.ConclusionThere is wide variation in the process of assessment and provision of optimization strategies in UK practice. Lack of evidence‐based guidelines, cost and time constraints restrict the development of services and pathways. Differences in opinion between surgeons towards patients with frailty or dementia may account for some of the variation in colorectal cancer outcomes.
Impact of the initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate on the risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation and adverse cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Chan Yi‐Hsin , Chen Shao‐Wei , Chao Tze‐Fan , Kao Yi‐Wei , Huang Chien‐Ying , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) following sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment.Materials and MethodsWe used medical data from a multicentre healthcare provider in Taiwan and recruited 11 769 patients with T2D with baseline/follow‐up eGFR data available after 1 to 3 months of SGLT2i treatment from 1 June 2016 to 31 December 2018. Patients were followed up from the drug index date until the occurrence of adverse clinical events, SGLT2i discontinuation or the end of the study period, whichever took place first.ResultsOverall, SGLT2i treatment was associated with an initial eGFR decline of 3.5% ± 14.0% after a median treatment period of 10 weeks. A total of 37.1% (n = 4371) of patients experienced no eGFR decline, and 30.5% (n = 3593), 20.2% (n = 2376), 8.5% (n = 999) and 3.7% (n = 430) of patients experienced an eGFR decline of 0%‐10%, 10%‐20%, 20%‐30% and more than 30%, respectively. The mean eGFR over time became stable after 6 months in all eGFR decline categories, even in the group with a pronounced eGFR decline of more than 30%. Compared with no eGFR decline, an initial eGFR decline of 0%‐10%, 10%‐20% or 20%‐30% was not associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism and acute myocardial infarction)/heart failure (HF) and composite renal outcome (doubling of the serum creatinine level/end‐stage kidney disease), whereas an eGFR decline of more than 30% was associated with a higher risk of new‐onset AF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40‐3.47), MACE/HF (aHR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.04‐4.17) and composite renal outcome (aHR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.18‐2.83). The multivariate analysis indicated that the use of a diuretic or insulin, presence of stroke, older age, female sex, a higher HbA1c level, and a lower body mass index of less than 25 kg/m2 were independent factors associated with an eGFR decline of more than 30% following SGLT2i initiation.ConclusionsA pronounced eGFR decline of more than 30% following SGLT2i treatment was associated with adverse cardiovascular or renal events among patients with T2D.
High‐dose sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors are superior in type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Shi Fang‐Hong , Li Hao , Shen Long , Fu Jing‐Jing , Ma Jing , Gu Zhi‐Chun , Lin Hou‐Wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the overall efficacy of high‐ versus low‐dose sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and MethodsA literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed from 1 January 2006 to 23 September 2020. Random effects models were used to calculate mean differences (MDs) and pooled relative risk (RR). Prespecified subgroup analyses for each SGLT2 inhibitor, follow‐up and controls were performed. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity and meta‐regression analyses were conducted.ResultsA total of 51 randomized controlled trials involving 23 989 participants (weighted mean age, 58.9 years; men, 58.8%) were eligible for our meta‐analysis. For glycaemic regulation ability, a significant reduction in HbA1c (MD −0.080%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.100 to −0.060), fasting plasma glucose (MD −0.227 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.282 to −0.173) and postprandial plasma glucose (MD −0.834 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.268 to −0.400) levels was observed in the high‐dose SGLT2 inhibitor group. Treatment with high‐dose SGLT2 inhibitors enabled easier achievement of the target (HbA1c <7%) than low‐dose SGLT2 inhibitors (RR 1.148, 95% CI 1.104 to 1.193). High‐dose SGLT2 inhibitor‐based treatment resulted in more efficient regulation of body weight and blood pressure (body weight: MD −0.346 kg, 95% CI −0.437 to −0.254; systolic blood pressure: MD −0.583 mmHg, 95% CI −0.903 to −0.263; diastolic blood pressure: MD −0.352 mmHg, 95% CI −0.563 to −0.142). The results were similar in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThe overall efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, mainly canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, was found to be dose dependent.
Communicating your point of view
Authors: Faulkner Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat is it like to give birth? Or have your first child? Or see red for the first time? Arguably, knowing how to answer these questions requires having certain experiences. Arguably you cannot get to know what it is like to give birth, for instance, by simply reading someone's birth story. If this is so, then there are certain limits on testimony as a source of knowledge. This claim is familiar: it has been argued that we cannot, or should not, rely on testimony when it comes to moral matters. And argued that we cannot, or should not, rely on testimony when it comes to aesthetic judgement. This paper aims to build an explanation of our pessimism about testimony as to what experiences are like that also covers moral and aesthetic testimony, about which we can be similarly pessimistic. And the explanation given is such that it can make good sense of the optimism we can demonstrate with respect to each of these domains.
Rule of law, national judges and the Court of Justice of the European Union: Let's keep it juridical
Authors: Marques Filipe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe debate on the rule of law in the EU is mainly taking place from an EU law point of view, stemming from the analysis of CJEU judgments and its interpretation of general principles and primary EU law. This article argues that only by comprehending the global context of rise of populism and delegitimation of the judiciary may we realise the risks that national judges and the CJEU started to take when they entered the stage of this discussion. An overview is made of the global trend of delegitimation of the judiciary, referring to the example of Poland. The author then analyses how the CJEU and national courts, while defending the rule of law, are also mutually contributing to their own protection against external threats, and why that dialogue is essential to keep the debate juridical, as a way of avoiding what the author identifies as the “populist trap to the judiciary”.
Evaluating the suitability of marginal land for a perennial energy crop on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Liu Yanmei , Chen Shaolin , von Cossel Moritz , Xu Bingcheng , Gao Huanlin , Jiang Rui , Faaij Andre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith a large marginal land area, the Loess Plateau in China holds great potential for biomass production and environmental improvement. Identifying suitable locations for biomass production on marginal land is important for decision‐makers from the viewpoint of land‐use planning. However, there is limited information on the suitability of marginal land within the Loess Plateau for biomass production. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of the promising perennial energy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) on marginal land across the Loess Plateau. A fuzzy logical model was developed and validated based on field trials on the Loess Plateau and applied to the marginal land of this region, owing to its ability of dealing with the continuous nature of soil, landscape variations, and uncertainties of the input data. This study identified that approximately 12.8–20.8 Mha of the Loess Plateau as available marginal land, of which 2.8–4.7 Mha is theoretically suitable for switchgrass cultivation. These parts of the total marginal land are mainly distributed in northeast and southwest of the Loess Plateau. The potential yield of switchgrass ranges between 44 and 77 Tg. This study showed that switchgrass can grow on a large proportion of the marginal land of the Loess Plateau and therefore offers great potential for biomass provision. The spatial suitability maps produced in this study provide information to farmers and policymakers to enable a more sustainable development of biomass production on the Loess Plateau. In addition, the fuzzy‐theory‐based model developed in this study provided a good framework for evaluating the suitability of marginal land.
Sustainability aspects of milk production in Sweden
Authors: Krizsan Sophie J. , Chagas Juana C. , Pang Degong , Cabezas‐Garcia Edward H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResource use efficiency and economic initiatives point towards using less human‐edible input in ruminant food production. This could also promote the nutrient‐rich dairy products to consumers in comparison with alternative plant‐based drinks. The global population is growing and food production will need to increase to feed more people in the future. The Swedish government has launched a national food strategy, which aims to move Swedish food production towards self‐sufficiency and sustainability, and greater exports. Simultaneously, strong economic development has stimulated consumers to request more high‐value foods, such as meat and refined dairy products. At the same time, public opinion states that today's food production from ruminants is negative for the environment and contributes to climate change. This review assesses some aspects of dietary ingredient composition and feeding choices that can contribute to making Swedish dairy production more sustainable. Efficient dietary methane mitigating strategies can decrease emissions of greenhouse gases in line with European Union targets and avoid major changes in dietary consumption patterns of meat and milk from ruminants. Although feeding management seems to be the most important approach to decrease nitrogen losses, rational use of fertilizers and improved manure management practices on dairy farms should also be considered to decrease the impact of nitrogen losses to the environment.
Patient partners’ perspectives of meaningful engagement in synthesis reviews: A patient‐oriented rapid review
Authors: Boden Catherine , Edmonds Anne Marie , Porter Tom , Bath Brenna , Dunn Kate , Gerrard Angie , Goodridge Donna , Stobart Christine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA growing literature describes promising practices for patient‐oriented research (POR) generally; however, those for systematic reviews are largely derived through the lens of a researcher. This rapid review sought to understand meaningful engagement in synthesis reviews from the patient partner (PP) perspective.DesignThe review team comprised PPs, librarians, SCPOR staff and academic faculty. We searched OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and core POR websites. Documents describing PP reflections on their involvement in synthesis reviews were included. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes in the data regarding PP perceptions of engagement in synthesis reviews.ResultsThe literature search yielded 1386 citations. Eight journal articles and one blog post were included. Seven studies focused on conducting systematic reviews on a particular health or patient‐related topic to which PP involvement was an important part and two studies focused specifically on the experience of including PP in synthesis reviews. PPs engaged in the review process through a variety of mechanisms, levels and stages of the review process. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) foster partnerships through team development, (2) provide opportunities for outcomes valued by PP and (3) strengthen the research endeavour.ConclusionFostering partnerships through team development is foundational for meaningful engagement in synthesis reviews. It requires sensitively balancing of various needs (eg overburdening with contributions). Meaningful involvement in reviews has both personal and research benefits.Patient InvolvementPatient partners were equal collaborators in all aspects of the review.
Implementation of training to improve communication with disabled children on the ward: A feasibility study
Authors: Wilkinson Kath , Gumm Rebecca , Hambly Helen , Logan Stuart , Morris Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents of disabled children report poorer inpatient experiences when they stay in hospital, and some staff report finding communicating with disabled children challenging. This study tested the feasibility of implementing a training package for staff on paediatric wards to improve communication with disabled children, especially those with communication difficulties, and their families. The package was developed with parent carers and clinicians, and comprises a manual, a video of parent carers talking about real experiences, discussion points and local resources. The 50‐minutes training is intended for in‐house delivery by local facilitators.MethodsThirteen training sessions were delivered in paediatric wards across four hospitals in England, totalling 123 staff who took part. Participants completed questionnaires before (n = 109) and after (n = 36) training, and a sample of champions (senior clinicians) and facilitators were interviewed at the end of the study.ResultsFacilitators found the training easy to deliver, and participants felt they took away important messages to improve their practice. After the training, further changes were reported at an organizational level, including offering further training and reviewing practices.ConclusionsThis study provides supporting evidence for the implementation of a low‐cost, minimal‐resource training package to support staff communication with children and their families in hospitals. It provides promising indication of impact on behavioural change at the individual and organizational level.Patient and public contributionParent carers identified the need and helped to develop the training, including featuring in the training video. They were also consulted throughout the study on research design, delivery and reporting.
The role of skill versus luck in new venture survival
Authors: Soto‐Simeone Aracely , Sirén Charlotta , Antretter Torben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn our paper ‘New venture survival: A review and extension’ in the International Journal of Management Reviews, we synthesized more than five decades of entrepreneurship, management and sociology research on the reasons why some new ventures survive and others fail. Based on our review and analysis, we provided an up‐to‐date systematization of the literature and a framework that includes important extensions to Stinchcombe's seminal work. Coad and Storey criticized our framework for basing venture outcome on skill—something that can be influenced by entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. In this paper, we argue that: (i) the distinction between survival and performance matters when thinking about the antecedents of these constructs; (ii) gambling is an incompatible analogy for entrepreneurship; and (iii) psychological processes cannot be ignored when studying new ventures’ survival. We also correct some points made by Coad and Storey about our findings. We encourage future studies on new venture survival to be cautious of adopting a view of venturing as a ‘game of chance’—which is, in our perspective, a potentially discouraging view for people pursuing entrepreneurship.
Radical prostatectomy improves survival in selected metastatic prostate cancer patients: A North American population‐based study
Authors: Stolzenbach Lara Franziska , Deuker Marina , Collà‐Ruvolo Claudia , Nocera Luigi , Tian Zhe , Maurer Tobias , Steuber Thomas , Tilki Derya , Briganti Alberto , Saad Fred , Chun Felix KH , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo test whether radical prostatectomy might result in better survival than external beam radiation therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients.MethodsNewly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer patients with M1a/b substages, treated with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004–2016). Temporal trend analyses, propensity score matching, cumulative incidence plots, multivariate competing risks regression models and landmark analyses were used.ResultsOf 4280 patients, 954 (22.3%) were treated with radical prostatectomy. After propensity score matching, 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality was 47.0 versus 53.0% in radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiation therapy patients (P = 0.003). In propensity score matched competing risks regression models, radical prostatectomy was associated with lower cancer‐specific mortality versus external beam radiation therapy (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.90; P = 0.001). Finally, landmark analyses rejected the bias favoring radical prostatectomy. Finally, in subgroup analyses, we relied on selection criteria that most closely resembled the STAMPEDE criteria and a similar hazard ratio of 0.8 (P < 0.001) was recorded.ConclusionIn metastatic prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy results in lower cancer‐specific mortality relative to external beam radiation therapy. Even after adjustment for age at diagnosis, prostate‐specific antigen and biopsy Gleason grade grouping, lower cancer‐specific mortality rates are recorded in radical prostatectomy patients than in external beam radiation therapy patients. As a result, radical prostatectomy should be considered as a treatment option in selected metastatic prostate cancer patients. However, further validation will be provided by ongoing clinical trials.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with breathlessness in Australia: weighted using the 2016 Australian census
Authors: Toelle Brett G. , Ampon Rosario D. , Abramson Michael J. , James Alan L. , Maguire Graeme P. , Wood‐Baker Richard , Johns David P. , Marks Guy B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccess to up‐to‐date Australian disease prevalence estimates assists health services and consumer organisations to plan and allocate resources. The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study was conducted between 2006 and 2012 and provided chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (post‐bronchodilator airflow limitation) prevalence estimates weighted to the 2006 Australian census. Using the 2016 Australian census, an updated prevalence estimate of all COPD is 8.30% (95% confidence interval = 6.59%–10.01%) for adults aged 40 or more years in Australia and includes 2.52% with mild breathlessness, 0.99% with moderate breathlessness and 0.91% with severe breathlessness.
Differentiation and activation of fibroblastic reticular cells
Authors: Lütge Mechthild , Pikor Natalia B. , Ludewig Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSecondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are underpinned by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) that form dedicated microenvironmental niches to secure induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Distinct FRC subsets are strategically positioned in SLOs to provide niche factors and govern efficient immune cell interaction. In recent years, the use of specialized mouse models in combination with single‐cell transcriptomics has facilitated the elaboration of the molecular FRC landscape at an unprecedented resolution. While single‐cell RNA‐sequencing has advanced the resolution of FRC subset characterization and function, the high dimensionality of the generated data necessitates careful analysis and validation. Here, we reviewed novel findings from high‐resolution transcriptomic analyses that refine our understanding of FRC differentiation and activation processes in the context of infection and inflammation. We further discuss concepts, strategies, and limitations for the analysis of single‐cell transcriptome data from FRCs and the wide‐ranging implications for our understanding of stromal cell biology.
The dark side of technology: cyberloafing, a Turkish study of nursing behaviour
Authors: Sarıoğlu Kemer A. , Dedeşin Özcan S. 
Published: May 2021

AimThis study aimed to explore the frequency of both serious and minor cyberloafing behaviours of nurses and the factors which affect these behaviours.BackgroundCyberloafing is using the internet or an internet connected device at work for personal use. Cyberloafing is a behaviour that negatively affects the personal performance of healthcare staff.MethodsA total of 375 nurses in three large hospitals in Eastern Turkey participated in this descriptive research. A personal information form and the Cyberloafing Scale were used to collect the data.ResultsThe data analyses showed moderate levels of minor cyberloafing scores and low levels of serious cyberloafing scores. The more serious level of cyberloafing behaviour was found among nurses who had social networking accounts and spent more than four hours on the internet each day. Minor cyberloafing behaviours occurred more frequently than the serious level.ConclusionsThe frequency of cyberloafing behaviours is influenced by time spent on the internet, having social networking accounts, age, marital status, education and professional experience.Implications for nursing and health policyThe findings support the development of policies that are designed to have nurses focus on patient care during work hours; use their working hours more effectively; and prevent cyberloafing.