bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Concentration and Source on the Chronic Toxicity of Copper and Nickel Mixtures to Chlorella sp.
Authors: Macoustra Gabriella K. , Koppel Darren J. , Jolley Dianne F. , Stauber Jenny L. , Holland Aleicia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There have been limited studies on the effects of toxicity-modifying factors, such as dissolved organic matter (DOM), on the toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic biota. The present study investigated the effects of DOM concentration (low, 2.8 ± 0.1 mg C/L; high, 11 ± 1.0 mg C/L) and DOM source (predominantly terrestrial or microbial) on the chronic toxicity of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) binary mixtures to the green freshwater microalga Chlorella sp. This was assessed by using a full factorial design of 72-h growth inhibition bioassays. Measured algal growth rate was compared with growth predicted by the concentration addition and independent action reference models. Model predictions were based on concentrations of dissolved metals, labile metals (measured by diffusive gradients in thin films [DGT]), and calculated free metal ions (determined by the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model). Copper/Ni mixture toxicity was synergistic to Chlorella sp. in the absence of added DOM, with evidence of metal concentration-dependent toxicity at low effect concentrations. As DOM concentration increased, the mixture interaction changed from synergism to noninteraction or antagonism depending on the metal speciation method used. The DOM source had no significant effect on mixture interaction when based on dissolved and free metal ion concentrations but was significantly different when based on DGT-labile metal concentrations. Ratio-dependent mixture interaction was observed in all treatments, with increased deviation from the reference model predictions as the mixture changed from Ni- to Cu-dominated. The present study demonstrated that both DOM concentration and source can significantly change metal mixture toxicity interactions and that these interactions can be interpreted differently depending on the metal speciation method used. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1906–1916. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Relationship between increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and the interaction term a for mixture model predictions based on dissolved, diffusive gradients in thin films–labile, or free ion metal concentrations in the presence of 2 distinct DOM isolates. Where a positive interaction term (a &gt; 0) indicates antagonism, a negative interaction term (a &lt; 0) indicates synergism, and a null interaction term (a = 0) indicates noninteraction/additivity. DGT = diffusive gradients in thin films.
Das Fachmodell Baugrund
Authors: Molzahn Michael , Bauer Jörg , Henke Sascha , Tilger Klaus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIm Rahmen der ersten Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises 2.14 der DGGT „Digitalisierung in der Geotechnik“ werden wichtige Begriffe definiert, die die Grundlage aller weiteren Empfehlungen sind. Weiterhin wird das Fachmodell Baugrund hinsichtlich der Einordnung in das Gesamtmodell, hinsichtlich der Sub‐Fachmodelle, aus denen das Fachmodell bestehen kann, sowie bezüglich der für das Fachmodell Baugrund relevanten Daten und Grundlagen betrachtet. Abschließend erfolgt eine kurze Diskussion zur datentechnischen Struktur des Fachmodells Baugrund.
Preoperative prediction of parathyroid carcinoma in an Asian Indian cohort
Authors: Shah Ravikumar , Gosavi Vikrant , Mahajan Abhishek , Sonawane Sushil , Hira Priya , Kurki Vineeth , Bal Munita , Sathe Pragati , Pai Prathamesh , D'Cruz Anil , Uchino Shinya , Garale Mahadeo Namdeo , Patil Virendra , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid carcinoma (PC) requires preoperative prediction for appropriate surgical management. Differentiation from symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) cohort is difficult.MethodsPatients with sPHPT from a tertiary‐care center, Western India, including Cohort‐A (n = 19 [10/M; 9/F]) with PC and Cohort‐B (n = 93 [33/M; 60/F] with benign parathyroid lesions) were compared to derive predictors for differential diagnosis.ResultsThere were no differences in clinical or biochemical parameters between the two cohorts. Comparison of CECT parameters showed that irregular shape, tumor heterogeneity, infiltration, short/long‐axis ratio >0.76, and long‐diameter >30 mm had high negative‐predictive value and intratumoral calcification had 100% positive‐predictive value to diagnose PC; whereas there were no differences in contrast‐enhancement patterns. Long diameter, short/long‐axis ratio, and heterogeneity were significant predictors on multivariate analysis.ConclusionIt is difficult to predict diagnosis of PC in an Indian sPHPT cohort based on clinical and biochemical parameters, whereas CECT parathyroid‐based parameters can aid in diagnosis.
A whole of population retrospective observational study on the rates of polypharmacy in New Zealand 2014 to 2018 Polypharmacy in New Zealand: What is the current status?
Authors: Nind James , Smith Alesha , Devananda Manjula , Auvray Benoit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPolypharmacy (≥5 medicines) and hyperpolypharmacy (≥10 medicines) can significantly impact people's health. The literature surrounding polypharmacy focuses on the elderly, particularly rest home populations, with few studies looking into younger age bands. Moreover, there have been no recent studies looking into the rates of polypharmacy in New Zealand. This study aimed to determine whether polypharmacy rates have increased over time in the New Zealand population. Specifically investigating polypharmacy rates across age and ethnicity, and identifying which medicines are most commonly prescribed in people with polypharmacy.MethodsA nationwide retrospective observational study was carried out between 2014 and 2018 on 4 697 274 New Zealanders (96% of the population) by linking dispensing data from the Pharmaceutical Collection to patient enrolment data using a National Health Identifier (NHI) to identify the rate of long‐term medicine prescribing in New Zealand.ResultsOur study found the rate of polypharmacy to be 9.93% and hyperpolypharmacy to be 1.92% nationwide in 2018, a percentage increase of 4.1% and 7.11% from 2014, respectively. During the same period, we observed the greatest percentage increase (30.37%) in the rate of polypharmacy in the 20 to 29 age band while the rates decreased in older populations. Variation was also noted between ethnicities. Medicines contributing to polypharmacy differed by age group.ConclusionCurrent methods for minimizing polypharmacy and optimizing medicines use are narrowly focused on the elderly. Despite an increase in education and awareness raising campaigns, rates continue to rise in New Zealand's population.
Individual values and well‐being: The moderating role of personality traits
Authors: Bojanowska Agnieszka , Urbańska Beata 
Published: March 2021

This study examined the role of values, traits and their interactions for the experience of eudaimonic and hedonic well‐being. First wave studies on value and well‐being relationships yielded inconsistent results suggesting that these relationships are moderated by other factors, possibly by personality traits. We asked a representative sample of adult Poles (N = 1161) to report on their personality traits (according to five‐factor theory), values (conceptualised by Schwartz) and well‐being (hedonic and eudaimonic). Results showed, that higher Extraversion, Emotional stability, Intellect, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were related to higher well‐being, confirming and expanding claims from personality theory of subjective well‐being: stable predispositions are related not only to subjective, but also to eudaimonic well‐being. Values expressing Openness to change, Self‐transcendence and Conservation were also positively correlated with well‐being, while the role of Self‐enhancement was unclear. This confirmed that growth needs expressed in Openness to change and Self‐transcendence values promote well‐being, but also that values expressing deficiency needs can be positively related to well‐being, possibly in specific circumstances. Finally, the two levels of personality (traits and values) proved to have a joint relationship to well‐being: higher Conscientiousness and Agreeableness enhanced positive relationships of Openness to change and Self‐transcendence with some aspects of well‐being.
Perfect 2‐colorings of Hamming graphs
Authors: Bespalov Evgeny A. , Krotov Denis S. , Matiushev Aleksandr A. , Taranenko Anna A. , Vorob'ev Konstantin V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of existence of perfect 2‐colorings (equitable 2‐partitions) of Hamming graphs with given parameters. We start with conditions on parameters of graphs and colorings that are necessary for their existence. Next we observe known constructions of perfect colorings and propose some new ones giving new parameters. At last, we deduce which parameters of colorings are covered by these constructions and give tables of admissible parameters of 2‐colorings in Hamming graphs for small and . Using the connection with perfect colorings, we construct an orthogonal array OA(2048, 7, 4, 5).
Climate vulnerability of South American freshwater fish: Thermal tolerance and acclimation
Authors: Campos Derek F. , Amanajás Renan D. , Almeida‐Val Vera M. F. , Val Adalberto L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFreshwater fish are restricted by their physiology to rivers and lakes, and are generally limited in their capacity to disperse across basins. As a result, there is often a close match between the evolutionary history of river basins and their natural history. Thus, the regional landscape and ecological features, such as temperature, have shaped the evolution and adaptation of local fish assemblages. Climate change is expected to affect fish diversity and increase extinction, especially in low latitudes, and it has been suggested that species that inhabit low latitude species are more susceptible since they live close to their maximum thermal limits and have low capacity for acclimation. To understand the mechanisms of variation in thermal tolerance across a broad‐scale of South American fishes is fundamental to be able to assess the vulnerability of species and habitat to global warming. Herein, we present the first attempt to analyze the vulnerability of South American freshwater fish species, based on the review of upper thermal limits of 106 species from a broad range of latitudinal habitats. Our findings show that upper thermal limits decrease with latitude, while the thermal safety margin (TSM) increase. Furthermore, the latitude has little effects on the acclimation response ratio, and the TSM decreased with rising temperatures. These data suggest that thermal phenotypic acclimation has low potential for mitigating global warming. These results indicate that South American fish species living in tropical areas are more susceptible to global warming since they are already living close to their maximum habitat temperature.
Cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome with inflammatory bowel disease: A case study
Authors: Raymond Karen N , Martin Jonathan E D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCryopyrin‐associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) is a rare, genetic autoinflammatory condition associated with NLRP3 gene mutations, causing upregulated innate immunity. CAPS manifests as systemic inflammation, causing a constellation of symptoms on a clinical spectrum of phenotypical severity: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome being the mildest, Muckle‐Wells Syndrome moderate, and Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease the most severe, with phenotype spectrum overlap. The treatment in Australia for CAPS is interleukin‐1 blockade with receptor antagonist, anakinra. We describe the case of a 46‐year‐old female with CAPS who presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Sigmoidoscope revealed severe colitis with deep ulceration, which did not respond to hydrocortisone and azathioprine and was ultimately resolved by infliximab rescue therapy, maintained in combination with anakinra.
Evaluating NA‐CORDEX historical performance and future change of western U.S. precipitation patterns and modes of variability
Authors: Meyer Jonathan David Douglas , Wang S.‐Y. Simon , Gillies Robert R. , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe western U.S. precipitation climatology, simulated by the NA‐CORDEX regional climate model ensembles, with spatial resolutions of 0.44° (14 model members) and 0.22° (15 model members), is examined to evaluate the capability of these ensembles to reproduce (1) the annual and semi‐annual precipitation cycle of several hydrologically‐important western U.S. regions and (2) localized seasonality in the amount and timing of precipitation. Similar to previous organized downscaling projects, NA‐CORDEX ensembles continue to over‐simulate wintertime precipitation over mountainous regions. However, both NA‐CORDEX ensembles showed improvements to the Desert Southwest's summertime precipitation associated with the North American Monsoon. Furthermore, the predominant dry bias found throughout the 0.44° ensemble was improved in many of the higher resolution 0.22° ensemble members; associated with enhanced mesoscale processes and improved thermodynamics driving the model's convective parameterizations. When compared against observation‐based gridded precipitation, the ability to capture the annual and semi‐annual modes of variability was starkly improved in the higher resolution 0.22° ensemble. The higher resolution members reproduced more consistent spatial patterns of variance featuring lower errors in magnitude—especially with respect to the winter‐summer and spring‐fall seasonality. A great deal of spread in model performance was found for the semi‐annual cycles, although the higher‐resolution ensemble exhibited better clustering of performance metrics. Ultimately, NA‐CORDEX model performance is still tied to the fidelity of the large‐scale parent model although we found performance is also closely related to which regional climate model was used while the future trend was more related to the parent GCM. Additionally, the value‐added via finer domain grid spacing is clear. Lastly, future projections of precipitation patterns were analysed to examine trends in the seasonality of precipitation intensity and modes of variability.
Optimizing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Individualizing the decision‐making process using data from the Kaiser Permanente ACLR Registry: 2018 OREF award paper
Authors: Maletis Gregory B. , Funahashi Tadashi T. , Inacio Maria C. S. , Paxton Liz W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite years of study, controversy remains regarding the optimal graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), suggesting that a single graft type is not ideal for all patients. A large community based ACLR Registry that collects prospective data is a powerful tool that captures information and can be analyzed to optimize surgery for individual patients. The studies highlighted in this paper were designed to optimize and individualize ACLR surgery and have led to changes in surgeon behavior and improvements in patient outcomes. Kaiser Permanente (KP) is an integrated health care system with 10.6 million members and more than 50 hospitals. Every KP member who undergoes an ACLR is entered into the Registry, and prospectively monitored. The Registry uses a variety of feedback mechanisms to disseminate Registry findings to the ACLRR surgeons and appropriately influence clinical practices and enhance quality of care. Allografts were found to have a 3.0 times higher risk of revision than bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) autografts. Allograft irradiation >1.8 Mrad, chemical graft processing, younger patients, BPTB allograft, and male patients were all associated with a higher risk of revision surgery. By providing feedback to surgeons, overall allograft use has decreased by 27% and allograft use in high‐risk patients ≤21 years of age decreased 68%. We have identified factors that influence the outcomes of ACLR. Statement of Clinical Significance: We found that information derived from an ACLR Registry and shared with the participating surgeons directly decreased the use of specific procedures and implants associated with poor outcomes.
Meniscal repair: The current state and recent advances in augmentation
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Floyd Edward R. , A Kowalski Michael , Aikman Elizabeth , Elrod Philip , Burkey Kyley , Chahla Jorge , LaPrade Robert F. , Maher Suzanne A. , Robinson Jennifer L. , Patel Jay M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeniscal injuries represent one of the most common orthopedic injuries. The most frequent treatment is partial resection of the meniscus, or meniscectomy, which can affect joint mechanics and health. For this reason, the field has shifted gradually towards suture repair, with the intent of preservation of the tissue. “Save the Meniscus” is now a prolific theme in the field; however, meniscal repair can be challenging and ineffective in many scenarios. The objectives of this review are to present the current state of surgical management of meniscal injuries and to explore current approaches being developed to enhance meniscal repair. Through a systematic literature review, we identified meniscal tear classifications and prevalence, approaches being used to improve meniscal repair, and biological‐ and material‐based systems being developed to promote meniscal healing. We found that biologic augmentation typically aims to improve cellular incorporation to the wound site, vascularization in the inner zones, matrix deposition, and inflammatory relief. Furthermore, materials can be used, both with and without contained biologics, to further support matrix deposition and tear integration, and novel tissue adhesives may provide the mechanical integrity that the meniscus requires. Altogether, evaluation of these approaches in relevant in vitro and in vivo models provides new insights into the mechanisms needed to salvage meniscal tissue, and along with regulatory considerations, may justify translation to the clinic. With the need to restore long‐term function to injured menisci, biologists, engineers, and clinicians are developing novel approaches to enhance the future of robust and consistent meniscal reparative techniques.
Subsistence practices in western Mediterranean Europe during the Final Gravettian. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of faunal remains from level D of Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, NE Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Rufí Isaac , Lloveras Lluís , Soler Joaquim , Soler Narcís 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTDuring the Final Gravettian, the Reclau Caves (northeast Iberia) were intensively occupied by hunter‐gatherer communities. The study of residential level D (c. 25.4–19.7 kyr bp) of Arbreda Cave offers a new view of subsistence strategies of communities which inhabited the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, a transition region between the steppe‐tundra and the Iberian wooded steppe biomes, during Greenland Stadial 3. Presented here are the results of the zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of ungulate and carnivore remains recovered from level D. The study confirms that the faunal assemblage of this level was mainly brought there by humans. The zooarchaeological analysis indicates selective hunting based on the exploitation of familial groups of horses and deer, while other ungulate taxa appear to be infrequent. Hunter‐gatherers frequented the site throughout the year, but more intensive use in spring is indicated by subadult sensu lato horses. There was extensive exploitation of ungulate carcasses: various butchery activities, marrow extraction, the use of bone as fuel and ‘less elaborate tools’ are documented. Carnivore canines were exploited to produce ornaments. The great dominance of horses reveals cold conditions and the expansion of open environments related to the chronology span of Greenland Stadial 3.
Soft Tissue Metastases in Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mooney Craig P. , Gao Kan , Clark Jonathan R. , Gupta Ruta , Shannon Kerwin , Palme Carsten E. , Ebrahimi Ardalan , Ch'ng Sydney , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveSoft tissue metastases (STM) in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) are non‐nodal based metastases to the parotid and cervical soft tissues of the head and neck. This is a unique subgroup of regional metastases amongst patients with cSCC and have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. Detailed studies of this subgroup are lacking in the literature. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to characterize the prognostic significance of STM in HNcSCC based on individual clinicopathological features.MethodsPatients with HNcSCC with STM were identified from the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute database. Clinicopathological characteristics were extracted from the histopathological reports. Recurrence and follow‐up data were analyzed to determine disease‐free and overall survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAfter excluding all patients with lymph node metastasis with no STM, there were 200 patients identified (161 parotid, 32 cervical, and seven with concurrent parotid and cervical STM) with a 5‐year overall survival of 36%. In univariable analysis, age of patients, size of the deposits, location of the deposits, and patients that were not offered adjuvant radiotherapy have worse overall survival. However, on multivariable analysis, age and the number of STM deposits were independent factors that predict for worse survival.ConclusionThe presence of STM in patients with HNcSCC is associated with poor prognosis. Increasing number of STM deposits, as well as involved margin of the regional excision, negatively impacted on the overall prognosis.Level of EvidenceLevel III – retrospective cohort study. Laryngoscope, 131:E1209–E1213, 2021
CD8+ T Cell Infiltration Predicts Chemoradiosensitivity in Nasopharyngeal or Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Kawaguchi Toshihiko , Ono Takeharu , Sato Fumihiko , Kawahara Akihiko , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Akiba Jun , Sato Kiminobu , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesLimited information exists regarding the associations between pre‐existing immune parameters in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) and either chemoradiosensitivity or prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx or oropharynx involving virus‐related or nonvirus‐related tumors.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 141 patients with EBV+, p16+, or EBV− and p16− statuses who are receiving chemoradiotherapy. We performed immunohistochemistry using pretreatment biopsy specimens to analyze the programed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) levels in tumor and immune cells and CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. We evaluated chemoradiosensitivity and prognosis with respect to these immune‐related parameters.ResultsVirus‐related tumors showed associations with both PD‐L1 expression and high CD8+ TIL density. Patients with higher CD8+ TIL density or greater numbers of PD‐L1+ tumor and immune cells showed significant rates of favorable local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that higher CD8+ TIL density is an independent, significant, and favorable predictive factor for LRFS (P = .005) and OS (P = .003), although it is not a significant predictor of PFS (P = .077).ConclusionsHigher CD8+ TIL density represents a useful and favorable biomarker of chemoradiosensitivity in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal cancer.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1179–E1189, 2021