bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapidly Destructive Hip Disease Following Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection of the Hip
Authors: Okike Kanu , King Ryan K. , Merchant Jason C. , Toney Eugene A. , Lee Gregory Y. , Yoon Hyo-Chun 
Published: September 2021

Background:
While recent reports have suggested that hip corticosteroid injections can hasten joint degeneration, there are few published data on the topic. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate for an association between corticosteroid injection and rapidly destructive hip disease (RDHD) and to determine the rate of, and risk factors for, occurrence.

Methods:
This study was conducted in 2 parts. First, to assess for a potential association between hip corticosteroid injection and RDHD, a case-control analysis was performed. Patients who developed RDHD between 2013 and 2016 served as cases, whereas those who underwent total hip arthroplasty for diagnoses other than RDHD during the same period served as controls, and the exposure of interest was prior intra-articular hip corticosteroid injection. Second, in a retrospective cohort analysis, we analyzed all patients who received a fluoroscopically guided intra-articular hip corticosteroid injection at our institution from 2013 to 2016. The rate of post-injection RDHD was determined, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for occurrence.

Results:
In the case-control analysis, hip corticosteroid injection was associated with the development of RDHD (adjusted odds ratio, 8.56 [95% confidence interval, 3.29 to 22.3], p < 0.0001). There was evidence of a dose-response curve, with the risk of RDHD increasing with injection dosage as well as with the number of injections received. In the retrospective cohort analysis, the rate of post-injection RDHD was 5.4% (37 of 688). Cases of post-injection RDHD were diagnosed at an average of 5.1 months following injection and were characterized by rapidly progressive joint-space narrowing, osteolysis, and collapse of the femoral head.

Conclusions:
This study documents an association between hip corticosteroid injection and RDHD. While the risk of RDHD following a single low-dose (≤40 mg) triamcinolone injection is low, the risk is higher following high-dose (≥80 mg) injection and multiple injections. These findings provide information that can be used to counsel patients about the risks associated with this common procedure. In addition, caution should be taken with intra-articular hip injections utilizing ≥80 mg of corticosteroid and multiple injections.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Quantifying Late Pennsylvanian Multivariate Morphological Change in the Fusulinid GenusTriticitesfrom the Central and Southwestern United States
Authors: Sims Eileah R. , Belanger Christina L. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTFusulinid Foraminifera are important for biostratigraphic correlation of strata in the Upper Paleozoic of the central and southwestern United States due to their high abundance and diversity in shallow marine carbonates. These correlations rely on consistent species-level identifications as well as geographically consistent morphological variation within species. However, many taxonomically important characters are described qualitatively, which can lead to conflicting identifications among taxonomists and cause biostratigraphic disagreements. Quantitative morphometric comparisons among species can increase the consistency of identifications among workers and capture temporal and geographic morphological gradients. Here, we used 14 linear measurements to describe the morphology of 18 biostratigraphically important species within the genus Triticites. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) showed that whereas specimens of a given species occupy similar areas of morphospace, species overlap considerably and, thus, these linear measurements poorly differentiate among species. However, species morphology covaried with geological age and multivariate analyses focused on age differences reveal an increase in the size of the initial chamber (proloculus) and a relative decrease in test expansion along the long axes over time. These morphological changes are consistent with an adaptation to shallow water conditions following the fall in relative sea-level across the Virgilian-Newwellian/Bursumian transition. Given the consistency of the morphological shift among North American basins, these morphological changes may be more useful for the recognition of the Virgilian-Newwellian/Bursumian transition than species-level biozones because they do not depend on consistent species identification.
Effects of long-term warming on microbial nutrient limitation of soil aggregates on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Zhou Huakun , Qiao Leilei , Li Yuanze , Wu Yang , Zhai Jiaying , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
Global warming has increasingly serious impacts on the structure and function of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem. However, the mechanism by which warming affects the biogeochemical processes, and consequently the microbial nutrient limitation in soil aggregates, is not clear.
Methods
In the present study, we used open-top chamber experiments to simulate warming in an alpine meadow and an alpine shrubland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and we measured the C, N, and P-acquiring enzyme (β-1, 4-glucosidase, BG; leucine aminopeptidase, LAP; β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, NAG; alkali phosphatase, AP) activities and their stoichiometry to understand how warming affects microorganism-limiting mechanisms in soil aggregates.
Results
The results showed that long-term warming treatment significantly decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of large macroaggregates (LMGA) and small macroaggregates (SMGA) in alpine meadows, but significantly increased SOC concentration of LMGA in alpine shrubland. The SOC and TN concentrations of alpine meadows increased with the decrease of soil aggregate size and the concentrations in microaggregate (MIGA) were significantly higher than those LMGA. Soil enzyme activity increased with the decrease in aggregate size and was not significantly affected by warming treatment. Enzyme stoichiometry results demonstrated that soil microbes in alpine meadows and shrubland were limited by nutrient P relative to nitrogen; moreover, the long-term warming treatment aggravated the P limitation of soil microorganisms in the shrubland, and it had significant differences in LMGA and MIGA. At the same time, the long-term warming treatment had no significant effect on C limitation in the alpine shrubland and alpine meadows, but soil aggregate size affected the C limitation patterns of microorganisms and showed the greatest limitations in MIGA.
Conclusions
The microbial P limitation in shrubland is more sensitive to warming than that in meadow. Soil aggregates mediate the acquisition of C by microorganisms, and the C limitation in MIGA is the greatest. By providing a new perspective on this topic, our study increased our understanding of the effects of warming on microbial nutrient utilization and restriction patterns in soil aggregates.
A thermophilic Cas13 enzyme for sensitive and specific one-pot detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mahas Ahmed , Marsic Tin , Masson Mauricio , Wang Qiaochu , Aman Rashid , Zheng Cheng , Ali Zahir , Ghanem Bernard , Mahfouz MAGDY 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Robust, sensitive, and specific diagnostic platforms for early pathogen detection are essential for the identification of infected patients and management of current and future pandemics. CRISPR-Cas systems have been repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 detection in two-pot assays. Two-pot assays require extra steps and are prone to cross-contamination; however, the temperature range of current Cas enzymes limits the development of one-pot assays Here, we characterized TccCas13a, a thermophilic Cas13a enzyme with cis and trans activities from 37–70°C, and HheCas13a, which had a limited range and lower activity. We harnessed TccCas13a in a one-pot SARS-CoV-2 assay with two layers of amplification and TccCas13a-mediated collateral degradation of a single-stranded RNA reporter. This assay showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with RT-qPCR on clinical samples. We also developed a mobile phone application to facilitate data reading, collection, and sharing. Our OPTIMA-dx detection module exhibits key features for point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 screening and pathogen detection in general.
Integrative Clonal Evolution Analysis on SNV and CNV Levels in Multifocal Breast Cancer
Authors: Gao Yan , Wu Ning , Duan Qingke , Liu Hong , Xu Bo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:For multifocal or multicentric breast cancer with two or more separated malignant foci in ipsilateral breast, the origin of its multiple foci is still debatable: do they share a common origin or have they developed independently?Methods:By bulk exome sequencing combined with single cell whole genome sequencing using multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC), we obtained genomic information of two separated breast tumors and one metastatic lymph node in a multifocal breast cancer patient. We performed single nucleotide variation (SNV) and single cell copy number variation (CNV) analyses of the two breast tumors and lymph node. Results:On SNV level, we found common origin and single focus metastasis in this patient, concretely speaking that the two breast tumors were formed by the spread of one single tumor to another, instead of being developed independently. Furthermore, the lymph node was metastasized from one of the two tumors instead of co-metastasis by both of them. We also found that the SNV subclone architecture always kept stable between the two breast tumors as well as from the breast tumors to lymph node. On CNV level, in contrast, the frequency of CNV subclones changed dramatically from the breast tumors to lymph node. Among them, frequency of Clone 2 increased significantly, indicating metastatic advantages of it. By combining distinct clonal evolution patterns of SNVs and CNVs, we built an integrative evolutionary model for this patient. CNV subclones were determined at a relative early time and kept unchanged, and CNV Clone 2 with metastatic advantages was separated from the common ancestors during intramammary spread and metastasis. In the meantime, SNVs were accumulated gradually. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found distinct clonal evolution patterns on SNV and CNV levels in multifocal breast cancer and identified a CNV clone with metastatic advantages.
A genome-wide association study to identify candidate genes for metabolic disorders in offspring by in vitro fertilization
Authors: Liu Lihong , Ha Siyao , Li Zhiling , Li MingQing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) processes increase offspring's short-term and long-term health risks, but their mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a bibliometric analysis to determine the landscape of IVF offspring health. Subsequently, a bioinformatics method was utilized to identify the co-genes properties and biological function mechanisms of IVF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Finally, we predicted compounds against key targets and performed multiple validations of the mechanisms underlying IVF offspring health risks. We identified 15 genes associated with T2DM, and their biological functions are primarily associated with lipid metabolism. We also identified the properties of co-genes, modified characteristics, confirmed a conserved motif, identified 3 SNPs sites, and determined the three core genes, APOA1, APOB, and APOE, which were mainly correlated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we predicted drugs that may improve metabolic abnormalities in IVF offspring. The impact of aberrant lipid metabolism in offspring after IVF therapy warrants additional investigation, particularly in terms of long-term health consequences and possible mechanisms.
Categorization of Different Clamp Types Used For The Endurance Test of Human Grafts – A Systematic Review
Authors: Farago Denes , Kozma Blanka , Kiss Rita Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe use of tendon allografts for orthopedic repair has gained wide acceptance in recent years, most notably in anterior cruciate tendon reconstruction. Multiple studies support the use of tendon allografts and the benefits of its use are well accepted and understood. One of the important criteria of the use of tendon allografts is statistically similar histological and biomechanical properties to autographs. Five major scientific literature databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PloS ONE, Hindawi) and additional sources were used. ResultsThe objective of this systematic literature review is to investigate and categorize existing clamps used in the determination of the biomechanical properties (maximum load, maximum strength, modulus of elasticity, ultimate strain, stiffness) of tendons. Studies had to use an endurance test of tendons and clamps in detail. The database search and additional sources resulted in 274 records. 216 records eliminated during the screening for various reasons. The number of articles used in the final synthesis was 58. Search for publications dated between 1991 and Oct 31st, 2020. A variety of clamps for use during the endurance test of tendons were identified and categorized according to the temperature used during the measurement. The clamps are divided into three groups: room temperature, cooled or heated clamps.ConclusionsOn the basis of the systematic literature review, mechanical parameters determined by usage with cooled clamps proved to be more reliable than with those at room temperature and with heated clamps. The main advantage of the cooled clamps is that there is no limit to the type and length of the tendon. This study provides an overview of clamps and does not represent the modernity of any method.
Distribution of Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Resistance Genes and Their Correlation with Water Quality in Urban Rivers(Changchun City), China in Autumn and Winter
Authors: Zhao Ke , Li Chunming , Wang Qian , Lu Hai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

With the extensive use of antibiotics, antibiotics contamination and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the water environment is becoming severe. In this study, the distribution characteristics of sulfonamide antibiotics and resistance genes in the urban section of the Yitong River in autumn and winter were studied. The correlation between them and water quality parameters was analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fluorescence quantitative technology. The results showed that the concentration of seven sulfonamide antibiotics in surface water and sediment of the river was generally at the level of ng/L and ng/g; the total concentration range was 11.08-160.60ng/L and ND-85.68ng/g, respectively. The total concentrations of antibiotics were similar in autumn and winter, where SMX was the primary type of antibiotics. The results of Risk Quotients (RQs) showed that SMX and SDZ had moderate acute risk to the corresponding sensitive species in river water, SPD and SIZ had low acute risk, while the rest had no risk. The total bacterial abundance in surface water and sediment was in the range of 10 5 -10 6 and 10 8 -10 11 , respectively. The detection rates of three sulfonamide resistance genes were 100%; the relative abundance was in the range of 10 -3 -10 -1 , and sul1 was the primary resistance gene. The correlation analysis showed that most antibiotics were significantly related. The three resistance genes had a positive correlation, negative correlation, and non-correlation, and most antibiotics had a weak correlation with resistance genes. Nutrients had a more significant impact on antibiotics, and other water quality indicators had a more negligible effect on antibiotics and resistance genes.
Application of rapidly improving battery technology for direct electrification of intraregional container shipping
Authors: Kersey Jessica , Popovitch Natalie , Phadke Amol 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
International maritime shipping—powered by heavy fuel oil—contributes 2.5%, 12%, and 13% of global anthropogenic CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions, respectively. The direct electrification of vessels has been underexplored as a low-emission option despite its considerable efficiency advantage over electrofuels such as green hydrogen and ammonia. Previous studies of ship electrification have relied on outdated battery cost and energy density values and have incorrectly assumed mechanical space to be a fixed technical variable. We show that with near-future battery prices of $100 kWh-1 the electrification of intraregional trade routes of less than 1,000 km is economically feasible with minimal impact to ship carrying capacity. Projected declines in battery price to $50 kWh-1 could improve this range to 5,000 km. We describe a pathway for the battery electrification of containerships within this decade that electrifies over 40% of global containership traffic, reduces CO2 emissions by 40% for US-based vessels, and mitigates the health impacts of air pollution on coastal communities.
Analysis of BMP3 Variants In The Causality of Ocular Coloboma
Authors: Fox Sabrina , Widen Sonya A. , Asai-Coakwell Mika , Havrylov Serhiy , Benson Matthew , Prichard Lisa B. , Baddam Pranidhi , Graf Daniel , Lehmann Ordan J. , Waskiewicz Andrew J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coloboma, a congenital disorder characterized by gaps in ocular tissues, is caused when the choroid fissure fails to close during embryonic development. Several loci have been associated with coloboma, but these represent less than 40% of those that are involved with this disease. Here, we describe a novel coloboma-causing locus, BMP3. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing of patients with coloboma identified three variants in BMP3, two of which are predicted to be disease causing. Consistent with this, bmp3 mutant zebrafish have aberrant fissure closure. bmp3 is expressed in the ventral head mesenchyme and regulates phosphorylated Smad3 in a population of cells adjacent to the choroid fissure. Furthermore, mutations in bmp3 sensitize embryos to Smad3 inhibitor treatment resulting in open choroid fissures. Micro CT scans and Alcian blue staining of zebrafish demonstrate that mutations in bmp3 cause midface hypoplasia, suggesting that bmp3 regulates cranial neural crest cells. Consistent with this, we see active Smad3 in a population of periocular neural crest cells, and bmp3 mutant zebrafish have reduced neural crest cells in the choroid fissure. Taken together, this data suggests that Bmp3 controls Smad3 phosphorylation in neural crest cells to regulate early craniofacial and ocular development.
Feasibility of Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy With Piggyback Jejunal Interposition Double-Tract Reconstruction for Proximal Gastric Cancer. A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Li ZhiGuo , Dong JianHong , Huang QingXing , Guo Wei , Song YanYang , Zhang WanHong , Ma Jun , Wang Yi , Ma GuoLong , Wang ZhenHua , Ren YiPeng , Gao Fei , Li LinJie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The clinical effect of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) with piggyback jejunal interposition double-tract reconstruction (PJIDTR) is not clear yet. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of LPG with PJIDTR versus laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (overlap method) for proximal EGC using propensity score matching.
Methods

We retrospectively collected data from the patients with proximal EGC who were treated in Shanxi Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015. Propensity score was used to match LTG patients with LPG patients. The patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, nutritional indicators, reflux esophagitis incidence and overall survival were compared between the two groups.
Results

Of the 424 patients, 200 were excluded and 50 of the remaining patients received LPG with PJIDTR. Fifty matched LTG patients were screened. Comparison of intraoperative indicators, operative time, blood loss and number of retrieved lymphnodes between the two groups showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in first anal exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay, and early complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The nutrition indexes at one year after surgery in the LPG group were significantly better than LTG group (P < 0.05). At one year, there were no differences in reflux symptoms (Visick score) or endoscopic esophagitis (Los Angeles Classification) between the two groups. No tumor recurrence was observed in either group. The 5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were 98% and 90%, respectively (p = 0.08).
Conclusion

The postoperative nutritional outcomes of LPG with PJIDTR were better than those of LTG. The incidence of reflux esophagitis, complications, and 5-year overall survival were similar between the two groups. LPG with PJIDTR may be suitable for proximal EGC.
Molecular and Cellular Reports A Pharmacological Study of the Action of Esculetin on Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Jan Chung-Ren , Wang Jue-Long , Liao Wei-Chuan , Lin Rong-An , Chang Shu-Han , Kuo Chun-Chi , Hao Lyh-Jyh , Chou Chiang-Ting 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Esculetin is a derivative of coumarin, and is the dominant, vigorous component of the conventional Chinese medicine Cortex Fraxini. Recently, the molecular pathway study and clinical use of Cortex Fraxini and esculetin are becoming intensive. In vitro, esculetin has been shown to provoke apoptotic responses via mitochondrial routes and other cellular responses in diverse cell types. The action of esculetin on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in prostate cells is unknown. [Ca2+]i were assayed by applying fura-2, a fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive probe. WST-1 was used to measure cell death. Esculetin at doses of 25–100 µM provoked [Ca2+]i raises. Removing external Ca2+ decreased the response by 15%. Esculetin (100 µM) provoked Mn2+ entry implying Ca2+ influx. Esculetin-provoked Ca2+ influx was suppressed by half by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and inhibitor (GF109203X); and by three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels: nifedipine, econazole and SKF96365. In the absence of Ca2+, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ pump suppressor thapsigargin completely suppressed esculetin-provoked [Ca2+]i raises. Suppression of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 eliminated esculetin-provoked [Ca2+]i raises. Esculetin at 20–70 µM caused death of cells, which was not prevented by incubation with the Ca2+ binder 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). In sum, in PC3 prostate cells, esculetin provoked [Ca2+]i raises by provoking PLC-associated Ca2+ discharge from ER and Ca2+ influx via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ influx. Additionally, esculetin provoked Ca2+-dissociated cell death.
Clinical Significance of Changes in the Subendocortical Volume of Wilson Disease
Authors: Xiao Xia , Zhou Xiangxue , Huang Zihuan , Liao Jian , Chu Jianping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare neurogenetic disease with a variety of clinical manifestations. The disorder of copper metabolism can lead to cell necrosis, while nerve cell necrosis can reduce the volume of the corresponding parts. This study quantifies the degree of nerve cell injury by studying the subcortical volume changes in WD patients, and discusses the correlation between nerve cell injury in different parts and clinical manifestations. The results showed that compared with the healthy control group, the subcortical volume of WD decreased significantly, and the decrease in different parts was related to clinical symptoms. This study shows that we can quantify the degree of nerve cell injury by measuring the change of subcortical volume. Predict possible clinical symptoms.