bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fatal Conceit of Foreign Intervention: Evidence from the Afghanistan Papers
Authors: Lambert Karras J. , Coyne Christopher J. , Goodman Nathan P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The fatal conceit of foreign intervention refers to the limitations faced by governments using discretionary power to address perceived problems in foreign societies. Drawing on evidence from the “Afghanistan Papers”—a collection of internal government documents compiled by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) and released in December 2019—we demonstrate how the failure of the U.S.-led intervention in Afghanistan to meet the stated objectives illustrates the fatal conceit of foreign intervention. We explore the limitations faced by foreign government interveners in three stages, reflecting distinct decision nodes within a means-ends framework in which the policies relating to foreign intervention are formulated and implemented.
Measurement of Structural Performance of Fusion Weld with Change of Welding Parameters in High-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Faraz Ahmed , Zai Behzad Ahmed , Nisar Salman , Mansoor Asif , Ali Rashid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the last few decades, the use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is continuously increasing such as HDPE pipes. These pipes are frequently used in the construction of long-buried infrastructures including water mains, sewers, and gas pipelines. These pipes are available in standards lengths and can be customized as per desired lengths using the fusion welding technique. In this article, the effect of changing the welding parameters such as temperature, heat, and soaking time on the performance of the fusion welding joint in HDPE is presented. The structural performance is measured by comparing the tensile strength of the unwelded and welded structure. Furthermore, the structural performance of extruded HDPE pipes and injection-molded HDPE fittings, such as elbows, tee-joints, and close end cap connections, are also discussed. The findings of this research are very useful in understanding and improving the structural performance of HDPE fusion welds with the help of comparative studies based on tensile strength on the welded joint in HDPE.
Integrative Neuroscience ofParamecium, a “Swimming Neuron”
Authors: Brette Romain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParameciumis a unicellular organism that swims in fresh water by beating thousands of cilia. When it is stimulated (mechanically, chemically, optically, thermally…), it often swims backward then turns and swims forward again. This “avoiding reaction” is triggered by a calcium-based action potential. For this reason, some authors have calledParameciuma “swimming neuron.” This review summarizes current knowledge about the physiological basis of behavior ofParamecium.
Metode Pembinaan “Mios” Untuk Meningkatkan Pendidik Profesional Dalam Profesional Learning Generasi Usia Emas Di Smp Prakarya Santi Asromo Majalengka Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Slam Zaenul 
Published: May 2021

This article examines the "MIOS" coaching method at Prakarya Santi Asromo Majalengka Middle School, West Java Province. The results of this community service show that: First, monitoring as an activity in the early stages of service treatment shows that the implementation of professional learning for the golden age generation has not run optimally. Second, the results of in-service by service providers in the form of workshops have an impact on increasing the professionalism of educators. Third, the implementation of on-service by servants in the form of classroom observations has an impact on increasing professional educators in the implementation of professional learning for the golden age generation. The increase in professional educators in the implementation of professional learning is seen in the improvement of the pedagogical competence of educators, especially in the implementation of learning. In addition, it also has an impact on improving the quality of the process and learning outcomes of students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop professional educators in the implementation of professional learning for the golden age generation with the MIOS coaching method. Keywords: Professional Teacher, Professional Learning, MIOS Abstrak.Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai metode pembinaan “MIOS” di SMP Prakarya Santi Asromo Majalengka Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, monitoring sebagai kegiatan tahap awal treatment pengabdi menunjukkan bahwa implementasi professional learning untuk generasi usia emas belum berjalan dengan optimal. Kedua, hasil in service oleh pengabdi dalam bentuk workshop memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan profesionalisme pendidik. Ketiga, Pelaksanaan on service oleh pengabdi dalam bentuk observasi kelas berdampak pada peningkatan pendidik profesional dalam implementasi professional learning untuk generasi usia emas. Peningkatan pendidik profesional dalam implementasi professional learning tampak dalam peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik pendidik terutama dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Selain itu berdampak pula pada peningkatan mutu proses dan hasil pembelajaran peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, maka diperlukan pembinaan pendidik professional dalam implementasi professional learning untuk generasi usia emas dengan metode pembinaan MIOS. Kata Kunci: Pendidik Profesional, Professional Learning, MIOS
Aktivitas Tabligh Majelis Ta’lim Tuli Indonesia
Authors: Khuzaimah Anita , Sumijati Sitty , Shodiqin Asep 
Published: May 2021

Tabligh Islam should be submitted to every people, even for the deaf. A deaf need to gain knowledge about religion even in the midst of its limitations. Deaf need a container and media that can be used as a place to increase religious knowledge, such as that done by Majelis Ta'lim Tuli Indonesia (MTTI) in conveying the teachings of Islam to other fellow deaf. The purpose of this study to find out how tabligh applied by MTTI through the elements contained in existing activities on MTTI, such as materials, methods and media tabligh used on MTTI. Researchers use descriptive analysis method using qualitative approach. The data used through interviews, observations, notes, and survey books and supported by the relevant documentation in this study. The results showed that MTTI delivered a tabligh message based on the elements contained in its own tabligh activities. This tabligh includes the presentation of materials, methods, and media used. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Tabligh in MTTI to its congregation can add to the motivation as well as provide religious knowledge that has not been owned. The right method and a relaxed but relaxed teaching method can make MTTI congregation feel comfortable and understanding with what is delivered, so MTTI congregation is also eager to follow the activity in MTTI.
Tabligh Islam perlu disampaikan kepada setiap umat, bagi tunarungu sekalipun. Seorang tunarungu perlu mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang agama walau di tengah keterbatasan yang dimiliki. Tunarungu tentunya memerlukan wadah dan media yang bisa dijadikan tempat untuk menambah pengetahuan agama, seperti yang dilakukan Majelis Ta’lim Tuli Indonesia (MTTI) dalam menyampaikan ajaran Islam kepada sesama tunarungu lainnya.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana tabligh yang diterapkan oleh MTTI melalui unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam kegiatan yang ada di MTTI, seperti materi, metode dan media tabligh yang digunakan di MTTI. Peneliti menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data-data yang digunakan melalui wawancara, observasi, mencatat, dan book survei serta didukung oleh dokumentasi yang relevan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa MTTI menyampaikan pesan tabligh berdasarkan dengan unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam kegiatan tabligh tersendiri. Tabligh ini meliputi penyajian materi, metode , serta media yang digunakan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tabligh di MTTI terhadap jamaahnya dapat menambah motivasi serta memberikan pengetahuan agama yang belum dimiliki. Metode yang tepat dan cara mengajar yang tegas tapi santai mampu membuat jamaah MTTI merasa nyaman dan mengerti dengan apa yang disampaikan, sehingga jamaah MTTI pun semangat untuk mengikuti kegiatan di MTTI.
Pola Komunikasi Kyai dengan Santri Alumni Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Manonjaya
Authors: Sanusi Yogi Anwar 
Published: May 2021

Every Islamic Boarding School (pondok pesantren) has different characteristics depending on leadership type and communication patterns of kyai that applied in its learning process. The theory used in this research is the communication pattern that produces a communication model referring to two communication models, linear and circular communication models in Islamic Boardingschool of Miftahul Huda Tasikmalaya. The research method is phenomenology, with the type of research data is qualitative. The results showed that the culture of communication systems in the Miftahul Huda Manonjaya boarding school embraced communication with linear and circular systems, with the forms of kyai and santri communication using instructional communication patterns through organizations, parent and child communication patterns (exemplary). The forms of kyai communication with alumni are instructional communication patterns and parent and child communication patterns (empowerment). Thus, the purpose of the pattern of kyai communication to alumni is to form and increase alumni solidarity with the same vision and mission to develop the propaganda propaganda message of the Miftahul Huda Manonjaya Islamic boarding school.

Setiap pondok pesantren memiliki ciri khas yang berbeda tergantung dari tipe leadership dan pola komunikasi kyai yang diterapkan dalam pembelajarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem budaya komunikasi, bentuk komunikasi kyai dan santri dan bentuk komunikasi kyai dengan alumni di pesantren Miftahul Huda Tasikmalaya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pola komunikasi yang menghasilkan model komunikasi yang merujuk pada dua model komunikasi yakni model komunikasi linear dan sirkular. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya sistem komunikasi di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Manonjaya mengembangkan sistem komunikasi linear dan circular, dengan bentuk komunikasi kyai dan santri menggunakan pola komunikasi melalui pola komunikasi organisasi, orang tua dan anak-anak (teladan). Bentuk komunikasi kyai dengan alumni, adalah pola komunikasi instruksional orang tua dan anak (pemberdayaan). Dengan demikian, tujuan dari pola komunikasi kyai dengan alumni adalah membentuk dan meningkatkan solidaritas alumni dengan visi dan misi yang sama untuk mengembangkan pesan dakwah di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Manonjaya.
Pesan Dakwah Pada Tayangan Halal Living di Net TV
Authors: Nasution Nasidah , Wahyudin Aep 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to determine the messages of da'wah on the impressions of Halal Living on NET Tv. The method used in this study is a qualitative method of research, using the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes, which is recontracted Meaning in a sign becomes the meaning of dentations, connotations and myths. The focus of the problem that will be examined in this thesis is how dentate means, the meaning of connotations and the meaning of myth in the content of the message displayed on the program of Halal Living on the Net. The results show that the entire episode that has been selected by the researcher has a Da'wah message classified into 3 categories: Aqidah message: That is to feel grateful, the second is to slip the sentence Tauhid (Subhanallah) and Feel the simple happiness of Sharia message: conduct learning activities for children, both places of worship that is unique mosque that is in Makasar and Muslim clothes of present day. The message of chastity speaks the word excuse and is tawadhu (not feeling arrogant).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan dakwah pada tayangan Halal Living di NET Tv. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan semiotika Roland Barthes, yang merekontruksikan makna dalam sebuah tanda menjadi makna denotasi, konotasi dan mitos. Fokus masalah yang akan diteliti dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana makna Denotasi, makna Konotasi dan makna Mitos dalam isi pesan yang ditampilkan pada tayangan program Halal Living di Net. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keseluruhan episode yang telah dipilih peneliti memiliki pesan dakwah yang diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 kategori yaitu: Pesan Aqidah : yaitu merasa Bersyukur, yang kedua yaitu menyelipkan kalimat tauhid (Subhanallah), dan merasa kebahagiaan yang sederhana Pesan Syari’ah : Mengadakan kegiatan belajar mengaji untuk anak-anak, kedua tempat beribadah yaitu keunikan masjid yang berada di Makasar dan pakaian muslim masa kini. Pesan Akhlak mengucapkan kata permisi dan bersikap tawadhu (tidak merasa sombong).
Dakwah Terhadap Kaum Milenial Melalui Akun Facebook Motivasi Hijrah
Authors: Aisyah Anih Ai , Fachruddin Tjetjep , Aripudin Acep 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to find out the da’wah messages for millenials on facebook social media migration motivation. The research focused on the meaning of denotation and the meaning of message connotation in the hijrah motivational facebook account and how the meaning of missionary message myth in the same account. The method used by researchers is semiotics in teh form of data analysis, by processing and interpreting quotes to provide on overview of the development of facebook as a medium that provides motivation. Linking quotes with the reality of life that is able to provide implicit meaning as a missionary message behind the posting of hijrah motivational accounts. The results of the study show that the form of da’wah activities carried out by hijrah motivational accounts can provide preaching messages for millenials. Use unique images to influence the attentoin of millenials in migrating. Facebook is used as a medium to understand missionary messages for millenials as a smooth learning process to accept islamic messages.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pesan dakwah untuk kaum milenial di media sosial facebook Motivasi Hijrah. Penelitian difokuskan pada makna denotasi dan konotasi pesan dalam akun facebook Motivasi Hijrah dan bagaimana makna mitos pesan dakwah dalam akun yang sama. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah semiotik yang berbentuk analisis data, dengan mengolah dan menafsirkan quote untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai perkembangan facebook sebagai media yang memberikan motivasi. Menghubungkan quote dengan realita (reality) kehidupan yang mampu memberikan makna tersirat sebagai pesan dakwah di balik postingan akun Motivasi Hijrah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk kegiatan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh akun Motivasi Hijrah dapat memberikan pesan dakwah bagi kalangan milenial. Menggunakan gambar-gambar unik untuk mempengaruhi perhatian kalangan milenial dalam melakukan hijrah. Facebook dijadikan sebagai media untuk memahami pesan dakwah bagi kalangan milenial sebagai proses pembelajaran yang berkesan halus untuk menerima pesan keislaman.
Análise espaço-temporal do primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Cleber Vinicuis Brito dos , Cavalcante João Roberto , Pungartnik Paula Cristina , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: descrever a evolução espaço-temporal de detecção de casos e mortalidade por COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram os bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, excesso de risco, índice de Moran global (I de Moran), indicador local de associação espacial (LISA), razão de incidência padronizada (SIR) e razão de mortalidade padronizada (SMR) para bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: foram notificados 204.888 casos e 19.017 óbitos por COVID-19, o município apresentou durante os 3 primeiros meses de pandemia taxas de incidência superiores ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro e ao Brasil e taxas de mortalidade superiores ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro e Brasil a partir de maio de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Bonsucesso foi o bairro com maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade, e aos longo dos bairros e dos meses não há sincronia entre os piores momentos da pandemia de COVID-19 Conclusões: ressaltamos a necessidade de implantação de medidas mais rígidas para controle e prevenção, aumento na detecção de casos e a aceleração da campanha de imunização da COVID-19.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Interleukin-6 Gene in Mesangial Cells
Authors: GRASSL CHRISTIAN , LUCKOW BRUNO , SCHLÖNDORFF DETLEF , DENDORFER ULRICH 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Cytokine secretion by mesangial cells (MC) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. To define signaling events that occur during the activation of MC, the cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene was studied. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β resulted in the full induction of IL-6 expression only if the cells were coincubated with cAMP agonists; this effect was attenuated by protein kinase A inhibitors. In reporter gene experiments, the IL-6 promoter showed a stimulation pattern comparable to that of the endogenous gene. Elimination of individual transcription factor binding sites provided evidence for functional roles for four cis-acting elements, i.e., activator protein-1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from MC revealed that the DNA-binding activities of activator protein-1 and NF-κB were inducible, whereas no change could be observed for CREB and NF-IL6. The presence of several transcription factor proteins, including JunB, JunD, c-Fos, Fra-1, CREB-1, activating transcription factor-2, NF-κB p50, p52, and p65, and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein-δ, was demonstrated by supershift analysis. Of particular interest was the novel finding of the participation of NF-κB p65 in the NF-IL6 complex. In summary, a signal transduction pathway in MC that requires protein kinase A activation in addition to a second signal provided by lipopolysaccharide or IL-1β was identified.
Activation of Mitogenic Pathways by Albumin in Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells
Authors: DIXON RICK , BRUNSKILL NIGEL JOHN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Albumin is filtered into the proximal tubule in large quantities in nephrotic states. It has been proposed that this protein may have a toxic effect on tubular epithelial cells and may be responsible for the initiation of interstitial inflammation and scarring. The mitogenic effect of recombinant human albumin in wild-type opossum kidney cells and in similar cells transfected with a dominant negative p85 subunit (Δp85) of phopshatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been studied. This study demonstrates that recombinant human albumin stimulates proliferation of opossum kidney cells in culture. This effect is mediated via PI 3-kinase, and is inhibited by wortmannin and Δp85 expression. Albumin stimulates PI 3-kinase activity in opossum kidney cells as determined by three different experimental procedures. Recombinant albumin also stimulates pp70s6 kinase activity in a kinase cascade downstream of PI 3-kinase. Activity of pp70s6 kinase is essential for albumin-induced proliferation of opossum kidney cells. It is proposed that this mitogenic pathway may have a critical role in proximal tubular homeostasis and pathophysiology of proteinuric states.
Mast Cells in Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Authors: TÓTH TIBOR , TÓTH-JAKATICS RIA , JIMI SHIRO , IHARA MAKOTO , URATA HIDENORI , TAKEBAYASHI SHIGEO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
The role of mast cells (MC) in tubulointerstitial damage in glomerulonephritis (GN) is not fully understood. The distribution of MC was compared in renal biopsies from 50 patients with different stages of rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) and in 20 control samples. The immunoreactivity of renal MC with anti-tryptase and anti-chymase antibodies was studied. Interstitial myofibroblasts were stained with anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody, and inflammatory cells were identified by anti-CD3, -CD20, and -CD68 monoclonal antibodies. Positively stained cells were counted, and the relative interstitial and fractional areas of anti-α-SMA-stained cells were measured. MC were rarely found in control samples. In contrast, samples showing crescentic GN contained numerous tryptase-positive MC (MCT) (43.7 ± 4.65 versus 7.14 ± 1.3/mm2) and fewer tryptase- and chymase-positive MC (MCTC) (13.8 ± 1.86 versus 1.89 ± 0.86/mm2) in the renal interstitium but never in the glomerulus. Double immunostaining demonstrated the presence of both phenotypes of MC. Accumulation of MC was significantly correlated with the numbers of T lymphocytes (MCT, r = 0.67) and interstitial macrophages (MCT, r = 0.455). There was also a significant correlation between the number of MCT and the relative interstitial area. The number of MCTC was well correlated with the fractional area of α-SMA-positive interstitium (r = 0.749) and the percentage of the interstitial fibrotic area (r = 0.598). There was also a significant negative correlation between interstitial MCTC accumulation and creatinine clearance (r = 0.661). The density of MCTC was higher (1.4-fold) in advanced forms of GN associated with fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis. These results show the potential involvement of MC in the fibroproliferative process in the renal interstitium of patients with RPGN. The results indicate that these cells constitute part of the overall inflammatory cell accumulation in RPGN.
Opportunities for early diagnostics of contemporary obstetric sepsis
Authors: Bezhenar V. F. , Shapkaitz V. A. , Dobrovolskaya I. A. , Rukoyatkina E. A. , Nesterov I. M. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: to objectively assess potential for early generalized postpartum infection diagnostics prior to the onset of irreversible organ changes based on a retrospective analysis.Materials and Methods. Сlinical and laboratory forensic medical data were examined by analysing 29 cases of severe maternal outcomes coupled to sepsis: including 17 «near miss» and 12 deceased patients (maternal mortality). The control group consisted of 30 patients who had chorioamnionitis in labor and successfully completed pregnancy. Statistical data analysis was carried out by using nonparametric statistics by creating conjugacy tables and assessing a relationship between parameters with Pearson χ2 distribution.Results. There were found significant differences in rate of some symptoms in both groups. Patients with severe maternal outcomes vs. control group were significantly more likely to develop hyperthermia ≥ 38.0 °C or hypothermia ≤ 36.0 °C, hectic fever, leukocytosis ≥ 12×109/L or leukopenia ≤ 4×109/L before the end of pregnancy; after pregnancy, persistent subfebrility, febrility or hypothermia, hectic fever, multiple-organ failure syndrome (PON), as well as uterine subinvolution and abnormal discharge from the genital tract were observed.Conclusion. Early identification of recognized symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and PON allows to properly assess severity of patient condition, taking into account the risk of generalized infection, contributes to making correct diagnosis and timely implementation of adequate organizational and therapeutic measures.