bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in adult patients with metastatic solid cancers: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample database analysis from 2012 to 2014
Authors: Malapati Sindhu , Singh Sunny R. K. , Kumar Rohit , Hadid Tarik 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCardiopulmonary arrest is known to have a poor prognosis, further worsened by preexisting comorbidities. With improved treatment, the prevalence of metastatic cancers is rapidly increasing; however, the outcomes of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ICPR) remain to be well described. This study examines the epidemiology, associations, and outcomes of ICPR in these patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2012‐2014) including patients aged ≥18 years with metastatic cancers. Primary outcome was inpatient mortality following ICPR. Factors associated with the primary outcome were analyzed using univariate/multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong all admissions with metastatic cancers (n = 5,500,684), 0.47% (n = 26,070) received ICPR. Inpatient mortality was 81.77% (n = 8905) versus 68.90% among those without metastatic solid cancers and receiving ICPR. Inpatient palliative care encounter was documented in 18.95% of patients with metastatic cancer who received ICPR. On multivariate logistic regression, some of the notable factors associated with higher mortality included being of African American or Hispanic race and hospital admission over the weekend. Factors associated with lower mortality included female sex, elective admission, and head and neck as the primary site. Admissions with ICPR were associated with higher mean total charge of hospitalization (by $48,670) compared with admissions without ICPR. Of those who survived ICPR, 43.82% were transferred to another facility after discharge.ConclusionsAmong adult patients with metastatic solid cancers having ICPR, 81.8% died within the same hospital admission. Race and admission type predicted mortality. Despite known poor prognosis, only a minority had palliative care.Lay Summary

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation during hospitalization for patients who have metastatic cancer has a very poor outcome with a mortality rate of 81.77%.

Inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation in these patients is also associated with a significantly higher cost of care, longer length of stay, and high rate of transfer to a different health care facility upon discharge.

Knowledge of these outcomes is helpful in discussing the pros and cons of pursuing aggressive resuscitative interventions with patients and families.
Silky entanglements in Chinese color‐naming and its diachronic change: A new materialism perspective
Authors: Dai Xin‐Yue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work seeks to explore the silk‐shaped Chinese color lexicon from the Bronze Age to the present, drawing upon a new materialism perspective that recognizes the force of matter and challenges the privileged position of humans in the historical progress. Rejecting the dichotomy of material and immaterial—established by structuralism and empiricism—this approach explores the complex interactions between language, matter (silk), environment, climate, social transformation, ideology, and culture by assessing Chinese color‐naming and its semantic changes. The article traced the diachronic changes of 13 terms and found that the materiality of silk and its color attribute was generally entangled in one character in the Bronze Age, conforming with the object‐attribute entangled word‐creation habits and general cognitive patterns in Chinese. The natural environment and economic transformation led to the predominance of silk‐color entangled terms than other object‐color entangled terms to denote colors. The strict association between identity and color in the hierarchical ideology caused improvements in dyeing techniques, which enhanced human color cognition and expanded the silk‐color entangled lexicon. After the fourth century AD, the introduction of cotton reduced the social and cultural influence of silk. This, along with the internal adjustment in the language system, reduced the significance of silk in the semantics of silk‐color entangled terms. It is believed that silk‐color entangled terms may go through six stages or stop at any of them: from silk‐color entanglement to silk‐color differentiation, and then to the shedding of silk meaning. According to the stages that they have went through, silk‐color entangled terms and object‐color entangled terms are classified into three types: semantic color terms, pragmatic color terms, and occasional pragmatic color terms. This study indicates that the current color lexicon was co‐shaped due to the interaction and dynamic assemblage of multiple material and non‐material factors.
Congestion control in high‐speed networks using the probabilistic estimation approach
Authors: Jamali Shahram , Talebi Mir Mahmoud , Fotohi Reza 
Published: March 2021

SummaryNowadays, the bulk of Internet traffic uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for reliable transmission. But the standard TCP's performance is very poor in high‐speed networks (HSNs), and hence, the core gigabytes links are usually underutilization. This problem has roots in conservative nature of TCP, especially in its Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) phase. In other words, since TCP cannot figure out precisely the congestion status of the network, it follows a conservative strategy to keep the network from overwhelming. We believe that precisely congestion estimation in the network can solve this problem by avoiding unnecessary conservation. To this end, this paper proposes an algorithm, which considers packet loss and delay information jointly and employs a probabilistic approach to accurately estimation of congestion status in the network. To examine the proposed scheme performance, extensive simulations have been performed in the NS‐2 environment. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has better performance than existing algorithms in terms of bottleneck utilization, stability, throughput, and fairness.
Calcium sensing receptor hyperactivation through viral envelop protein E of SARS CoV2: A novel target for cardio‐renal damage in COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Ali Haider , Alharbi Khalid Saad , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Kazmi Imran , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. , Anand Krishnan , Dureja Harish , Singh Sachin K. , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dua Kamal , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the recent decades, a number of new pathogens have emerged within specific and diverse populations across the globe, namely, the Nipah virus, the Ebola virus, the Zika virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs) to name a few. Recently, a new form of coronavirus was identified in the city of Wuhan, China. Interestingly, the genomic architecture of the virus did not match with any of the existing genomic sequencing data of previously sequenced CoVs. This had led scientists to confirm the emergence of a new CoV strain. Originally, named as 2019‐nCoV, the strain is now called as SARS‐CoV‐2. High serum levels of proinflammatory mediators, namely, interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), IL‐1β, IL‐6, interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), chemoattractant protein‐1, and IFN‐inducible protein, have been repeatedly observed in subjects who were infected with this virus. In addition, the virus demonstrated strong coagulation activation properties, leading to further the understanding on the SARS‐CoV2. To our understanding, these findings are unique to the published literature. Numerous studies have reported anomalies, namely, decline in the number of lymphocytes, platelets and albumins; and a rise in neutrophil count, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, troponins, creatinine, complete bilirubin, D‐dimers, and procalcitonin. Supplementation of calcium during the SARS CoV‐2 associated hyperactive stage of calcium‐sensing receptors (CaSR) may be harmful to the cardio‐renal system. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of CaSR may prevent the increase in the levels of intracellular calcium, oxidative, inflammatory stress, and cardio‐renal cellular apoptosis induced by high cytokines level in COVID‐19 infection.
Analysis of seized peptide and protein‐based doping agents using four complimentary methods: Liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–ultraviolet, Bradford, and immunoassays
Authors: Høj Lars Jakobsen , Rasmussen Brian Schou , Dalsgaard Petur Weihe , Linnet Kristian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnalysis and identification of seized doping‐related products are important tasks for customs or forensic laboratories in order to prevent potentially dangerous and illegal compounds to go into circulation. At the Section of Forensic Chemistry in Copenhagen, we have a workflow consisting of four complimentary validated methods to identify common doping‐related substances: liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (LC‐UV), LC coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐TOF‐MS), the colorimetric Bradford assay, and an immunoassay. The Bradford assay screens for peptide or proteins in the sample, and the immunoassay confirmed human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). LC‐UV was carried out with a C4 protein column for identification of peptides and proteins from a standard reference library, based on retention times and ratios between peak areas at 220, 254, and 280 nm. LC‐TOF‐MS was performed using a C18 column, and identification was based on comparison of the retention time and the accurate mass with those of reference standards. In 2019, we received 36 samples for peptide/protein analysis, all of which were tested using the LC‐UV, LC‐TOF‐MS, and colorimetric method, and samples suspected of containing hCG were confirmed with an immunoassay. We found a total of 15 samples containing an illegal doping substance, 12 samples containing substances not prohibited by the Danish Doping List, and nine samples containing no peptides or proteins. In conclusion, the four complimentary methods constitute a suitable approach for identifying common peptide/protein doping substances in the day‐to‐day routine of a forensic laboratory, with limited sample preparation and interpretation of data.
Population growth lags in introduced species
Authors: Kelly Catherine L. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Gordon Iain J. , Hirsch Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen introduced to new ecosystems, species' populations often grow immediately postrelease. Some introduced species, however, maintain a low population size for years or decades before sudden, rapid population growth is observed. Because exponential population growth always starts slowly, it can be difficult to distinguish species experiencing the early phases of slow exponential population growth (inherent lags) from those with actively delayed growth rates (prolonged lags). Introduced ungulates provide an excellent system in which to examine lags, because some introduced ungulate populations have demonstrated rapid population growth immediately postintroduction, while others have not. Using studies from the literature, we investigated which exotic ungulate species and populations (n = 36) showed prolonged population growth lags by comparing the doubling time of real ungulate populations to those predicted from exponential growth models for theoretical populations. Having identified the specific populations that displayed prolonged lags, we examined the impacts of several environmental and biological variables likely to influence the length of lag period. We found that seventeen populations (47%) showed significant prolonged population growth lags. We could not, however, determine the specific factors that contributed to the length of these lag phases, suggesting that these ungulate populations' growth is idiosyncratic and difficult to predict. Introduced species that exhibit delayed growth should be closely monitored by managers, who must be proactive in controlling their growth to minimize the impact such populations may have on their environment.
Polycentric urban climate governance: Creating synergies between integrative and interactive governance in Oslo
Authors: Vedeld Trond , Hofstad Hege , Solli Hilde , Hanssen Gro Sandkjær 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCities have emerged as important agents and sites in climate governance interventions, experimentations and networks. Drawing upon two strains of climate governance and collaborative governance literature, respectively, this article adopts a polycentric approach to the analysis of Oslo's urban climate governance. It unpacks the relationships between urban leadership, climate goal‐setting and institutional design, and reveals how these variables condition the employment of a combination of integrative and interactive governing instruments that foster both self‐governance and co‐creation in climate responses. The article argues that broad and long‐term political support facilitates the adoption of ambitious climate goals, utilization of regulatory powers, and the design and operations of innovative hybrid mixes of integrative and interactive governing instruments. The hybrid combination of instruments is what provides the basis for synergistic, predictable and dynamic forms of self‐governance and co‐created linkages among public and private ‘units’ within the wider urban climate governance ecosystem. Trans‐local and transnational networks play an important role in building such capacities for urban climate governance. Local processes of co‐creation and networked experimentations are ‘scaling up’ to change policies at city, national and international levels. The empirical observations from Oslo have implication for theories of polycentric urban climate governance and for the promise and limitations of co‐creation in the climate arena. The analysis draws upon qualitative interviews with close to 50 public and private stakeholders and policy document studies.
Determinants and consequences of heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wolsk Emil , Kaye David M. , Komtebedde Jan , Shah Sanjiv J. , Borlaug Barry A. , Burkhoff Daniel , Kitzman Dalane W. , Cleland John G. , Hasenfuß Gerd , Hassager Christian , Møller Jacob E. , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsA hallmark of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is impaired exercise capacity of varying severity. The main determinant of exercise capacity is cardiac output (CO), however little information is available about the relation between the constituents of CO – heart rate and stroke volume – and exercise capacity in HFpEF. We sought to determine if a heterogeneity in heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise exists in patients with HFpEF and describe possible clinical phenotypes associated with differences in these responses.Methods and resultsData from two prospective trials of HFpEF (n = 108) and a study of healthy participants (n = 42) with invasive haemodynamic measurements during exercise were utilized. Differences in central haemodynamic responses were analysed with regression models. Chronotropic incompetence was present in 39–56% of patients with HFpEF and 3–56% of healthy participants depending on the definition used, but some (n = 47, 44%) had an increase in heart rate similar to that of healthy controls. Patients with HFpEF had a smaller increase in their stroke volume index (SVI) (HFpEF: +4 ± 10 mL/m2, healthy participants: +24 ± 12 mL/m2, P < 0.0001), indeed, SVI fell in 28% of patients at peak exercise. Higher body mass index and lower SVI at rest were associated with smaller increases in heart rate during exercise, whereas higher resting heart rate, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker use were associated with a greater increase in SVI in patients with HFpEF.ConclusionThe haemodynamic response to exercise was very heterogeneous among patients with HFpEF, with chronotropic incompetence observed in up to 56%, and 28% had impaired increase in SVI. This suggests that haemodynamic exercise testing may be useful to identify which HFpEF patients may benefit from interventions targeting stroke volume and chronotropic response.
Enhanced Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Catechol and Hydroquinone Detection by Using Ultrasmall Ternary Pt‐based Nanomaterial
Authors: Arsalan Muhammad , Qiao Xiujuan , Awais Azka , Wang Yahui , Yang Shuying , Sheng Qinglin , Yue Tianli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe simple and effective method for the novel synthesis of Pt‐based nanoparticle was presented with high efficiency. The sensitive catalyst for the simultaneous detection of catechol and hydroquinone was prepared by depositing ternary metal complex on fluorine‐doped tin‐oxide (FTO). The composition and morphology of nanomaterials were characterized by TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS, and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The size of the Pt‐based nanomaterial was about 5±1 nm. The electrochemical performance of the modified catalyst was studied by CV, DPV, and EIS. The modified PtNiCu@FTO catalyst possessed good electro‐oxidation activity for hydroquinone and catechol and used for simultaneous detection of catechol and hydroquinone at scan rate of 20 mV s−1 (vs. Ag/AgCl). Detection responses were found in the ranges of 5–2900 μM for hydroquinone and 5–3000 μM for catechol. The detection limits (LOD) for HQ and CC were observed as 0.35 and 0.29 μM, respectively. The sensitivity of HQ and CC were 1515.55 and 1485 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. The prepared nanomaterial were effectively applied for the determination of CC and HQ in real samples.
Development and application of a multiplex PCR system for drowning diagnosis
Authors: Xiao Cheng , Xu Quyi , Li Huan , Zhu Xiaolin , Yu Zhonghao , Zhao Jian , Li Yue , Liu Hong , Shi He , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the DNA detection of drowning‐related diatoms, cyanobacteria, and aeromonas has gradually attracted interest from forensic scientists. In this study, we described the validation and application of a novel multiplex PCR system. This system integrated 12 fluorescently labelled primers designed to amplify specific genes of diatoms, cyanobacteria, and aeromonas. The specificity studies demonstrated that this multiplex PCR system could detect nine species of diatom, seven species of cyanobacteria, and five species of aeromonas, all of which were drowning‐related and widely distributed in various water circumstance of southern China. The sensitivity studies indicated that the limit concentration of template DNA was 0.0125 ng. Besides, this multiplex PCR system had good performance in sizing precision and stability, but it is not suitable for degraded DNA samples. The application into forensic casework showed that all the tissue samples from ten nondrowning cases showed negative results, and the positive rates of lung, liver, kidney, and water samples from 30 drowning bodies were 100, 86.7, 90, and 100%, respectively. Combined with results of diatom tests of MD‐VF‐Auto SEM method, this multiplex PCR system could help rule out nondrowning bodies and provide extra evidences to support drowning diagnosis, especially for those cases with few diatoms observed. It is expected that this multiplex PCR system has great potential for forensic drowning diagnosis.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties and clinical application of nickel–titanium shape memory alloy scaphoid arc nail
Authors: Song Muguo , Su Yongyue , Li Chuan , Xu Yongqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the mechanical and biomechanical properties of nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) shape memory alloy scaphoid arc nail (NT‐SAN) fixator as well as study the surgical method of treating carpal scaphoid fractures and evaluate its clinical efficacy. (1) Static and dynamic bending tests with embedded axial bending fixture were conducted to study the mechanical properties. (2) To evaluate biomechanical strength and fatigue, 32 scaphoid samples were classified into four groups to perform the fixation rigidity test: intramedullary Kirschner fixation (group A), Kirschner straddle nail fixation (group B), screw nail fixation (group C), and NT‐SAN fixation (group D). Next, 24 scaphoid waist fracture models were classified to conduct fatigue experiments as follows: Kirschner straddle nail fixation (group E), screw nail fixation (group F), and NT‐SAN fixation (group G). (3) The Krimmer score chart was used for clinical evaluations. (1) NT‐SAN showed excellent mechanical performance and a long lifespan. (2) NT‐SAN was fixated with a strong intensity and an anti‐fatigue outcome. (3) Ninety‐eight interviewed patients were satisfied with the therapeutic effects of the arc nail (satisfaction rate: 95.92%). The designed strength and hardness of NT‐SAN corresponded with the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid, and the designed mechanical properties met the biomechanical requirements of a scaphoid fracture. The fatigue strength can meet the requirements of bone healing after the scaphoid fracture. Clinical trials on NT‐SAN scaphoid fracture treatment have shown that the surgery is simple and the clinical results are satisfactory. The therapeutic level of NT‐SAN is III; thus, it is worth promoting.
Seismic response of a cross interchange metro station in soft soil: Physical and numerical modeling
Authors: Wu Weifeng , Ge Shiping , Yuan Yong , Ding Wenqi , Anastasopoulos Ioannis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe expansion of the Shanghai metro grid leads to a growing demand for underground stations. This paper studies the seismic performance of a typical cross interchange station in soft soil, combining shaking table testing and numerical modeling. The cross interchange station is composed of a three‐storey section, rigidly connected to a perpendicular two‐storey section, leading to an abrupt change of stiffness in the conjunction area. A series of 1 g shaking table tests are conducted, using synthetic model soil (a mixture of sand and sawdust) and granular concrete with galvanized steel wires to model the soil‐structure system. The experimental results are then used as a benchmark, allowing for validation of a 3D finite element (FE) model. The validated FE model is shown to compare adequately well with the shaking table tests and is subsequently used to indirectly extrapolate the results to prototype scale. The combined experimental and numerical study allows deriving insights on the dynamic response of cross interchange stations. A key conclusion is that the abrupt change of stiffness at the conjunction area leads to concentration of racking deformation at the bottom storey. This leads to significant stress concentrations on the station sidewall in the same area, revealing the increased seismic vulnerability due to the induced stiffness discontinuity. Seismic damage can be avoided by increasing the reinforcement ratio in such critical locations or by introducing deformable joints.