bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and subcellular characterization of a squid hnRNPA/B-like protein in osmotic stress activated cells reflects molecular properties conserved in this protein family
Authors: Lopes Gabriel S. , Lico Diego T. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn previous works, we characterized a novel, strongly basic, squid hnRNPA/B-like Protein 2 in presynaptic terminals of squid neurons. Here, we show that squid hnRNPA/B-like Protein 2 are exclusively nuclear localization and relocated to cytoplasmic granules containing hnRNPA1 and Poly-A binding protein-1 (PABP-1) when the cells are treated with sorbitol. Also, we show an interaction of hnRNPA/B like Protein 2 with squid RNA, its interfered with dynamic of formation of hnRNPA/B like Protein 2 dimers, whereas possibly involved disulfide bounds and postranslations modification in a distinct stage of dimers formation. An understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the stability of the dimeric form, and the regulation of the transition between monomeric and dimeric forms may bring insights into evolution of several neurodegenerative diseases.HighlightsWe identified monomeric (p37) and dimeric (p65) forms of squid hnRNPA/B-like Protein 2 in squid optic lobesOur data indicate a conserved structure and cellular properties of squid hnRNPA/B-like Protein 2 and human hnRNPA1 protein colocalizing with PABP into stress granules (SGs)The stability of hnRNPA/B-like dimers involved the squid RNAs and disulfide bonds to promote higher SDS-stable dimers formationAn understanding of the transition between monomeric and dimeric forms of squid hnRNPA/B-like Protein 2 may give clues to misfolding processes in neuropathologies
The role of organizational culture and voluntariness in the adoption of artificial intelligence for disaster relief operations
Authors: Behl Abhishek , Chavan Meena , Jain Kokil , Sharma Isha , Pereira Vijay Edward , Zhang Justin Zuopeng 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe study explores the readiness of government agencies to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the efficiency of disaster relief operations (DRO). For understanding the behavior of state-level and national-level government agencies involved in DRO, this study grounds its theoretical arguments on the civic voluntarism model (CVM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).Design/methodology/approachWe collected the primary data for this study from government agencies involved in DRO in India. To test the proposed theoretical model, we administered an online survey questionnaire to 184 government agency employees. To test the hypotheses, we employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsOur findings confirm that resources (time, money and skills) significantly influence the behavioral intentions related to the adoption of AI tools for DRO. Additionally, we identified that the behavioral intentions positively translate into the actual adoption of AI tools.Research limitations/implicationsOur study provides a unique viewpoint suited to understand the context of the adoption of AI in a governmental context. Companies often strive to invest in state-of-the-art technologies, but it is important to understand how government bodies involved in DRO strategize to adopt AI to improve efficiency.Originality/valueOur study offers a fresh perspective in understanding how the organizational culture and perspectives of government officials influence their inclinations to adopt AI for DRO. Additionally, it offers a multidimensional perspective by integrating the theoretical frameworks of CVM and UTAUT for a greater understanding of the adoption and deployment of AI tools with organizational culture and voluntariness as critical moderators.
Overexpression of SlERF3b and SlERF5 in transgenic tomato alters fruit size, number of seeds and promotes early flowering, tolerance to abiotic stress and resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection
Authors: Álvarez‐Gómez Tania Belen , Ramírez‐Trujillo José Augusto , Ramírez‐Yáñez Mario , Suárez‐Rodríguez Ramón 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEthylene response factors (ERFs) are a large family of plant‐specific transcription factors that have been implicated in positively regulating stress responses. The aim of this work was to study the expression pattern of ethylene response factors SlERF1, SlERF3b and SlERF5 in Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, when subjected to different stress conditions, as well as to determine the overexpression effect in transgenic tomato when exposed to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Here we report that SlERF1, SlERF3b and SlERF5 genes are differentially upregulated in tomato wild‐type plants grown under either simulated biotic (when trehalose was applied exogenously) and abiotic stress. SlERF5 and SlERF3b are mainly induced under dehydration and salinity conditions; SlERF1 and SlERF5 are upregulated in response to exogenous trehalose, while SlERF3b is downregulated. These results suggest that SlERF3b could be involved in modulating defence responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The overexpression of SlERF3b and SlERF5 in transgenic tomato plants promotes abiotic stress tolerance as a result of upregulating genes involved to confer stress tolerance such as P5CS and APx, triggering a major cell membrane‐mediated protection against oxidative stress and avoiding chlorophyll degradation under salinity and drought conditions. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlERF3b positively regulates fruit development, seed production and early flowering; however, germination seeds are more sensitive to osmotic stress as compared to saline stress, while SlERF5 transgenic line has better germination rate in saline stress compared to osmotic stress. On the other hand, overexpression of SlERF5 and SlERF3b plays an important role in regulating the immune response against the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, by positively regulating JA/ET signalling pathways.
From the saltpan to the plate: An evaluation of the use of the edible halophyteSalicornia ramosissimain catering
Authors: Cardoso Mariana , Silva Helena , Patinha Carla , Costa Natália , Nunes Susana , Cunha Ângela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe halophyte speciesSalicornia ramosissimahas long been consumed as food and is currently regarded as a high‐value gourmet item. However, given that these plants grow in estuarine areas, often impacted by pollution, and are prone to the accumulation of ions, the risks associated with food borne pathogens or toxic metals has to be carefully considered. The objective of this work was to gather evidence thatS. ramossissimaharvested locally in an estuarine system (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) can be safely consumed as a healthy and catering‐amenable food. Fresh shoots, taken as green vegetables, and dried powdered shoots (green salt) intended as seasoning, were analysed for total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms,Escherichia coli,Bacillus cereusand fungi (yeasts and moulds). The nutritional profile and the concentration of macro and micro elements, including potential toxic elements, was also established. Fresh shoots and green salt were incorporated in catering meals (soup and a meat dish) and subjected to sensory analyses. The microbiological quality of fresh shoots and green salt was compliant with the guidelines for salad greens and herbs and spices, respectively. The nutritional and elemental profile revealed that fresh shoots have a high content in fibre and NaCl. From the concentration of Na determined in green salt, a daily dose of 7 g was estimated as corresponding to the recommended daily dietary intake Na. None of the other elements was present in concentrations that could exceed the dietary intake limits. In the sensory tests, fresh shoots were well accepted as salad greens but green salt, used as seasoning, was considered as insufficient in terms of saltiness and does not completely substitute cooking salt. The results confirm the nutritional and sensory value ofS. ramossisimaand represent a promising prospect for the incorporation of locally harvested or crop cultivated plants in catering meals.
Egyptian Scarabs Discovered on Kuwait’s Failaka Island and Similar Finds from the Gulf Region
Authors: Mahfouz El‐Sayed , Al‐Duweish Sultan , Saied Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the course of the last three decades, Ancient Egyptian scarabs have been discovered on Failaka Island off Kuwait, as well as at other sites in the Arabian Gulf. A scarab is the most expressive amulet of the cultural identity of ancient Egypt, revealing its influence and its cultural diffusion in the ancient world. Therefore, this paper discusses the reasons for the presence of such exotic products on the island and also answers the question about their origin. Were Failaka scarabs locally manufactured? What is their connection to the Levant? Are they a testimony to the interconnection between ancient Egypt and Arabia?
Endothelium‐derived hydrogen sulfide acts as a hyperpolarizing factor and exerts neuroprotective effects via activation of large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels
Authors: Wen Ji‐Yue , Zhang Jie , Chen Shuo , Chen Ye , Zhang Yang , Ma Zi‐Yao , Zhang Fang , Xie Wei‐Ming , Fan Yi‐Fei , Duan Jing‐Si , Chen Zhi‐Wu 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeEndothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) has been suggested as a therapeutic target for vascular protection against ischaemic brain injury. However, the molecular entity of EDHF and its action on neurons remains unclear. This study was undertaken to demonstrate whether the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as EDHF and exerts neuroprotective effect via large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (BKCa/KCa1.1) channels.Experimental ApproachThe whole‐cell patch‐clamp technology was used to record the changes of BKCa currents in rat neurons induced by EDHF. The cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion model of mice and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of neurons were used to explore the neuroprotection of EDHF by activating BKCa channels in these neurons.Key ResultsIncreases of BKCa currents and membrane hyperpolarization in hippocampal neurons induced by EDHF could be markedly inhibited by BKCa channel inhibitor iberiotoxin or endothelial H2S synthase inhibitor propargylglycine. The H2S donor, NaHS‐induced BKCa current and membrane hyperpolarization in neurons were also inhibited by iberiotoxin, suggesting that H2S acts as EDHF and activates the neuronal BKCa channels. Besides, we found that the protective effect of endothelium‐derived H2S against mice cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury was disrupted by iberiotoxin. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of NaHS or BKCa channel opener on OGD/R‐induced neuron injury and the increment of intracellular Ca2+ level could be inhibited by iberiotoxin but enhanced by co‐application with L‐type but not T‐type calcium channel inhibitor.Conclusion and ImplicationsEndothelium‐derived H2S acts as EDHF and exerts neuroprotective effects via activating the BKCa channels and then inhibiting the T‐type calcium channels in hippocampal neurons.
A guide to choosing and implementing reference models for social network analysis
Authors: Hobson Elizabeth A. , Silk Matthew J. , Fefferman Nina H. , Larremore Daniel B. , Rombach Puck , Shai Saray , Pinter‐Wollman Noa 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAnalysing social networks is challenging. Key features of relational data require the use of non‐standard statistical methods such as developing system‐specific null, or reference, models that randomize one or more components of the observed data. Here we review a variety of randomization procedures that generate reference models for social network analysis. Reference models provide an expectation for hypothesis testing when analysing network data. We outline the key stages in producing an effective reference model and detail four approaches for generating reference distributions: permutation, resampling, sampling from a distribution, and generative models. We highlight when each type of approach would be appropriate and note potential pitfalls for researchers to avoid. Throughout, we illustrate our points with examples from a simulated social system. Our aim is to provide social network researchers with a deeper understanding of analytical approaches to enhance their confidence when tailoring reference models to specific research questions.
ZMYND11 variants are a novel cause of centrotemporal and generalised epilepsies with neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Oates Stephanie , Absoud Michael , Goyal Sushma , Bayley Sophie , Baulcomb Jennifer , Sims Annemarie , Riddett Amy , Allis Katrina , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Balasubramanian Meena , Bai Renkui , Callewaert Bert , Hüffmeier Ulrike , Le Duc Diana , Radtke Maximilian , Korff Christian , Kennedy Joanna , Low Karen , Møller Rikke S. , Nielsen Jens Erik Klint , Popp Bernt , Quteineh Lina , Rønde Gitte , Schönewolf‐Greulich Bitten , Shillington Amelle , Taylor Matthew RG , Todd Emily , Torring Pernille M. , Tümer Zeynep , Vasileiou Georgia , Yates T. Michael , Zweier Christiane , Rosch Richard , Basson M. Albert , Pal Deb K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZMYND11 is the critical gene in chromosome 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome, a syndromic cause of intellectual disability. The phenotype of ZMYND11 variants has recently been extended to autism and seizures. We expand on the epilepsy phenotype of 20 individuals with pathogenic variants in ZMYND11. We obtained clinical descriptions of 16 new and nine published individuals, plus detailed case history of two children. New individuals were identified through GeneMatcher, ClinVar and the European Network for Therapies in Rare Epilepsy (NETRE). Genetic evaluation was performed using gene panels or exome sequencing; variants were classified using American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria. Individuals with ZMYND11 associated epilepsy fell into three groups: (i) atypical benign partial epilepsy or idiopathic focal epilepsy (n = 8); (ii) generalised epilepsies/infantile epileptic encephalopathy (n = 4); (iii) unclassified (n = 8). Seizure prognosis ranged from spontaneous remission to drug resistant. Neurodevelopmental deficits were invariable. Dysmorphic features were variable. Variants were distributed across the gene and mostly de novo with no precise genotype–phenotype correlation. ZMYND11 is one of a small group of chromatin reader genes associated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and specifically ABPE. More detailed epilepsy descriptions of larger cohorts and functional studies might reveal genotype–phenotype correlation. The epileptogenic mechanism may be linked to interaction with histone H3.3.
Pharmacometabolomics identifies candidate predictor metabolites of an L‐carnitine treatment mortality benefit in septic shock
Authors: Puskarich Michael A. , Jennaro Theodore S. , Gillies Christopher E. , Evans Charles R. , Karnovsky Alla , McHugh Cora E. , Flott Thomas L. , Jones Alan E. , Stringer Kathleen A. ,   for the RACE Investigators
Published: July 2021

AbstractSepsis‐induced metabolic dysfunction contributes to organ failure and death. L‐carnitine has shown promise for septic shock, but a recent phase II study of patients with vasopressor‐dependent septic shock demonstrated a non‐significant reduction in mortality. We undertook a pharmacometabolomics study of these patients (n = 250) to identify metabolic profiles predictive of a 90‐day mortality benefit from L‐carnitine. The independent predictive value of each pretreatment metabolite concentration, adjusted for L‐carnitine dose, on 90‐day mortality was determined by logistic regression. A grid‐search analysis maximizing the Z‐statistic from a binomial proportion test identified specific metabolite threshold levels that discriminated L‐carnitine responsive patients. Threshold concentrations were further assessed by hazard ratio and Kaplan‐Meier estimate. Accounting for L‐carnitine treatment and dose, 11 1H‐NMR metabolites and 12 acylcarnitines were independent predictors of 90‐day mortality. Based on the grid‐search analysis numerous acylcarnitines and valine were identified as candidate metabolites of drug response. Acetylcarnitine emerged as highly viable for the prediction of an L‐carnitine mortality benefit due to its abundance and biological relevance. Using its most statistically significant threshold concentration, patients with pretreatment acetylcarnitine greater than or equal to 35 µM were less likely to die at 90 days if treated with L‐carnitine (18 g) versus placebo (p = 0.01 by log rank test). Metabolomics also identified independent predictors of 90‐day sepsis mortality. Our proof‐of‐concept approach shows how pharmacometabolomics could be useful for tackling the heterogeneity of sepsis and informing clinical trial design. In addition, metabolomics can help understand mechanisms of sepsis heterogeneity and variable drug response, because sepsis induces alterations in numerous metabolite concentrations.
Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe
Authors: Sitzia Tommaso , Iacopino Simone , Burrascano Sabina , Campagnaro Thomas , Celesti‐Grapow Laura , Bacchetti Cecilia , Cierjacks Arne , Kowarik Ingo , von der Lippe Moritz , Trentanovi Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimExploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses by assessing the effect of non‐native black locust canopy on understorey species turnover.LocationBerlin, the Venetian metropolitan area, and Rome.MethodsWe modelled the zeta (ζ) expression of diversity to compare the understorey species turnover between the non‐native black locust and native woodland canopies across multiple sites and through predictors of anthropogenic pressure (road and built‐up density) and interior conditions (tree basal area and mean height).ResultsIn Rome, black locust showed the lowest survivability and cover and did not produce any homogenization of the understorey. In Berlin and in the Venetian metropolitan area, black locust caused understorey homogenization, although with a lower intensity in Berlin. Under black locust canopies, distance between sites and road density was more consistently associated with species turnover, across urban areas and multiple sites. Under native canopies in Berlin, factors prominently associated with species turnover were road and built‐up density and mean tree height, while in the Venetian metropolitan area it was road density.Main conclusionsEvidence in support of the biotic homogenization in contrast to the diversity resistance hypothesis varied across urban areas. Species turnover was influenced by land use patterns more evidently under native tree canopies and where the non‐native tree had higher survivability. Similar analyses in other urban areas may confirm these relationships with other types of landscapes.
Geography of artiodactyl locomotor morphology as an environmental predictor
Authors: Short Rachel A. , Lawing A. Michelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimWe investigate locomotor function in artiodactyls, represented by calcaneal gear ratio, as it relates to multiple environments. Using an ecometric approach, we develop a trait–environment model to investigate ecosystem‐level changes through time and to reconstruct past environments. We apply the trait–environment model to a case study of six sites in Kenya to evaluate changes over the past 100 years.LocationGlobal.MethodsLocomotor morphology was represented by calcaneal gear ratios measured as the overall length of a calcaneum divided by length of its in‐lever, that is calcaneal tuber. We collected calcaneal gear ratio measurements from skeletal specimens of 157 artiodactyl species in museum collections and used species’ spatial distributions to determine the composition of 47,420 communities globally. For 21,827 communities with three or more species of artiodactyls, we used maximum likelihood to model ecometric relationships between community‐level locomotor morphology and five environmental variables, including mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, elevation, vegetation cover and ecoregion province.ResultsCommunity mean gear ratios range from 1.43 to 1.56 (µ = 1.50). Mean gear ratios are highest in the tropical regions and lowest in the mid‐latitudes. Variance in mean calcaneal gear ratio is related to ecoregion division (68.6%), vegetation cover (63.5%) and precipitation (60.7%). In a case study of Kenyan sites, we demonstrate habitat homogenization patterns that match mammal community turnover patterns.Main conclusionsWith this ecometric framework, fossils of artiodactyl post‐crania can be used to assist in interpreting past ecoregion, vegetation cover and precipitation for a more comprehensive understanding of palaeoenvironment. These relationships between functional traits and environment will enable better models of biotic responses for conservation of functional diversity under changing environments.
An analysis of anesthetists' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward peri‐anesthetic dental trauma
Authors: Doğan Özgür , Altıntepe Doğan Suat Serhan , Altıntepe Nihan , Şahin Necibe Damla , Çelik İsmail Haktan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/AimPeri‐anesthetic dental trauma is a common anesthesia‐related complication. It is the reason for a significant number of malpractice lawsuits against anesthetists through insurance companies. The frequency, outcomes, and risk factors related to peri‐anesthetic dental trauma have been well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate anesthetists' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward peri‐anesthetic dental trauma.Material and MethodsThis nationwide, cross‐sectional, descriptive study comprising 220 anesthetists was conducted in Turkey between June 2019 and May 2020. A specific questionnaire was created using Google Forms and delivered to 591 participants via WhatsApp. Pearson's Chi‐squared test and the Fisher–Freeman–Halton tests were used to analyze the results.ResultsThe overall response rate was 37.2% (220 out of 591 participants). Of the 80.5% of the participants who encountered peri‐anesthetic dental trauma during their practice, 32.8% had encountered avulsion and 32.8% reported that they had caused soft tissue injuries. More than one‐third of the participants (38.9%) stated that the patient group that was the most at‐risk for peri‐anesthetic dental trauma was older people with missing teeth. Half of the participants (50.9%) stated that avulsed teeth could be replanted; among them, 21.8% and 11.8% specified that the ideal replantation time was <30 min and that the ideal storage medium for the avulsed tooth was fresh milk, respectively. Furthermore, 88.1% of the participants noted that peri‐anesthetic dental trauma occurred more frequently during emergency intubations and only 20.9% were aware of custom‐made mouthguards.ConclusionsAnesthetists lack knowledge around peri‐anesthetic dental trauma and its interventions.