bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses
Authors: Nomura Toshihito , Nazmul Tanuza , Yoshimoto Reiko , Higashiura Akifumi , Oda Kosuke , Sakaguchi Takemasa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, its effective concentration has not been shown, and we therefore analyzed the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 was treated with varying ethanol concentrations and examined for changes in infectivity, the ethanol concentration at which 99% of the infectious titers were reduced was 24.3%(w/w) [30.0%(v/v)]. For reference, ethanol susceptibility was also examined with other envelope viruses, including influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, and Newcastle disease virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, and the 99% inhibitory concentrations were found to be 28.8%(w/w) [34.8%(v/v)], 24.0%(w/w) [29.2%(v/v)], and 13.4%(w/w) [16.5%(v/v)], respectively. Some differences from SARS-CoV-2 were observed, but the differences were not significant. It was concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 30%(w/w) [36.2%(v/v)] almost completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2.
Different induction effects of antibiotic on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: a retrospective study from China
Authors: Chen Jing , Xiang Qian , Huang Xiao-bo , Wu Jia-yu , Cai Min-hong , Wang Chen , Wang Hui , Wei Dao-qiong , Lv Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the main factors leading to Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is antibiotics usage. The main objective of this study was to assess the correlation between antibiotic use and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) induction by antibiotics.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and Escherichia coli (EC) from January 2017 to December 2020. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used to estimate the hazard of CRE, while restricted cubic spline regression was used to visualize the hazard of CRE by antibiotics at different doses.Results: 2056 patients with KP and 3243 patients with EC were included. Survival analysis indicated that carbapenem, lactamase inhibitors and quinolones were associated with higher 30-day CRKP hazards than other antibiotics (χ2=33.670, P<0.001). Further restricted cubic spline regression analysis found that the hazard of CRKP induction decreased with the increase dose of lactamase inhibitors, but there was no significant change in that with the increase dose of quinolones. Moreover, there was an obvious characteristic of "parabolic curve" for the hazard of CREC induction due to lactamase inhibitors, and the hazard value gradually increased with the dose, reached the maximum at 24g, and then gradually decreased from 26g.Conclusions: Lactamase inhibitors had different drug resistance inducing effects on CRKP and CREC. Rational use of antibiotics should be implemented according to the characteristics of microorganism.
Effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy on T1-2N1M0 triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Xia Lin-Yu , Xu Wei-Yun , Yan Zhao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) on T1-2N1M0 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) remains unclear. The population-based study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes of T1-2N1M0 TNBC patients who underwent PMRT or not. Methods: We selected 1743 patients with T1-2N1M0 TNBC who underwent mastectomy between 2010 and 2015 through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. After propensity score matching (PSM) , the PMRT and no-PMRT groups consisted of 586 matched patients, respectively.The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and cox proportional hazard model were used to determine the prognostic factors of T1-2N1M0 TNBC.Results: The 5-year BCSS for the PMRT group and no-PMRT group was 79.1% and 74.7%, respectively. TNBC patients with stage T1-2N1M0 receiving PMRT did not show better BCSS than those did not (HR =0.800, 95% CI =0.605-1.056, P =0.115). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with three nodes positive, radiotherapy could significantly improve BCSS(HR=0.396, 95% CI = 0.175-0.900, P = 0.027), but it brought no significant advantage in BCSS in patients with one or two nodes positive(HR =1.061, 95% CI =0.725-1.552, P =0.761; HR =0.657, 95% CI =0.405-1.065, P =0.088).In addition, PMRT improves the BCSS in TNBC patients with T2 tumor concomitant with three positive lymph nodes(HR =0.343, 95% CI =0.132-0.890, P =0.028).Conclusion: TNBC patients with T2 tumor concomitant with three positive lymph node can benefit from PMRT.
Cystic Teratoma of the Parotid Gland Involving Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report and with Literature Review
Authors: Liu Hongsheng , Duan Jiafeng , Li Gang , Zhang Jia , Sun Pengfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Teratomas are common neoplasms but are extremely rarely found in the parotid gland region, most benign teratomas are cystic, also known as mature cystic teratomas, and only 9 cases have been reported in the literature.Case presentation: Herein, we reported a single case of a patient with giant cystic teratoma in the left parotid gland deep lobe extended into the parapharyngeal space. The tumor was diagnosed based on complete preoperative imaging CT and MRI data and then postoperatively confirmed by pathology.Conclusion: Preoperative CT and MRI scanning are useful in determining the nature of teratomas and perform differential diagnosis of teratoma in the parotid gland by showing calcification, fatty elements, and a fat-liquid level in the parotid gland cyst. Yet, surgery and pathology can provide a final diagnosis.
First record of Oscheius myriophilus (Poinar, 1986) (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) from Iran; and its efficacy against two economic forest trees pests, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in laboratory condition
Authors: Ghavamabad Reihaneh Gholami , Talebi Ali Asghar , Mehrabadi Mohammad , Farashiani Mohammad Ebrahim , Pedram Majid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The box tree moth (BTM), Cydalima perspectalis and the fall webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea are two invasive pests of forest trees that have been recorded from Hyracinan forests in north Iran for the first time in 2016 and 2002, respectively. In a search for tentative native entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs) with potential biocontrol ability against lepidopteran pests of forest trees in north Iran, Oscheius myriophilus was isolated by soil-baiting method from forests of Amlash in the east of Gilan province. The Iranian isolate of this species is characterized by 870–1,247 μm long hermaphrodites having 17–20 μm long stoma, vulva at 45.5–53.1% of body length, tail 90–126 μm long, common males with 38–49 μm long spicules and 583–791 μm long dauer larvae. Compared to the type and other populations, no remarkable differences were observed for this population. The phylogenetic affinities of this isolate with other rhabditid nematodes were studied using partial sequences of small, and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and D2-D3 LSU rDNA). This is the first record of the species from Iran. The pathogenicity of Iranian isolate of O. myriophilus was evaluated on the larvae of two important aforementioned forest trees pests, BTM and FWW under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that the suspension of 500 infective juveniles per ml (IJs/ml) of the nematode was the most effective treatment on fifth instar larvae of BTM and FWW, causing 100 and 95% mortality after 48 h, respectively. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of the nematode were 74.5, 152.7, 99.9, and 197.3 IJs/ml on fifth and fourth instar larvae of BTM, and fifth and fourth instar larvae of FWW, respectively, after 48 h at 25°C and 60% relative humidity. Together, present results corroborated the efficacy of the Iranian isolate of Oscheius myriophilus for biocontrolling of BTM and FWW in laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of a new chemical nematicide, fluazaindolizine (ReklemelTM active), for plant-parasitic nematode management in bermudagrass
Authors: Groover Will L. , Lawrence Kathy S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of turfgrass in the United States, yet there are few options for successful management. Most current management strategies rely on the use of a limited number of chemical nematicides, so finding a new management option for nematode suppression would be extremely valuable for turfgrass managers. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new nematicide, fluazaindolizine (Reklemel™ active), for its ability to reduce plant-parasitic nematode population density and improve turfgrass quality. Separate research trials were conducted on bermudagrass infested with Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita in greenhouse, microplot, and field settings over 2018 and 2019. Both greenhouse evaluations demonstrated multiple rates of fluazaindolizine reduced B. longicaudatus population density, and one of the two M. incognita trials showed multiple rates of fluazaindolizine reduced nematode population density. Fluazaindolizine was also effective at reducing population density of both B. longicaudatus and M. incognita in microplot settings for both 2018 and 2019, and a significant improvement in turf quality was observed for both visual turfgrass ratings and NDVI. Field trials demonstrated a significant reduction for both B. longicaudatus and M. incognita population density by multiple rates of fluazaindolizine, but no significant differences in turf quality ratings were observed. Overall, fluazaindolizine shows promise as a chemical nematicide for plant-parasitic nematode management on turfgrass.
Pengembangan LKPD Materi Arthropoda Berbasis STEM Berteknologi Augmented Reality
Authors: Destiara Meyninda , Himmah Nurul , Indriyani Sari 
Published: April 2021

LKPD merupakan bahan ajar yang terstruktur, dengan bantuan LKPD tersebut maka dapat membuat pembelajaran lebih aktif dan berfikir kreatif. Ditambah lagi LKPD yang dibuat berbasis STEM dan bantuan teknolog Augmented Reality yang inovatif, sehingga pembelajran daring menjadi interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD Arthropoda berbasis STEM berteknologi Augmented Reality yang valid. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pengembangan dengan model ADDIE yang telah dimodifikasi sampai tahap development. Berdasrkan hasil validasi didapatkan LKPD dengan hasil valid dan layak untuk digunakan
Investigation of flow measurement mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flume with different wing lengths in a rectangular channel
Authors: Sun Bin , Yang Lei , Zhu Shun , Zhang Haijia , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jinping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the application of NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flumes and the influence of their wing lengths on flow measurement characteristics are discussed. The standard k-ε three-dimensional turbulence model and the volume of fluid (VOF) method were used for numerical simulation of the flow in six NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flumes with different wing lengths. In addition, to verify the accuracy of numerical simulations, the corresponding experiments were conducted. The Buckingham Pi theorem of dimensional analysis coupled with the incomplete self-similarity theory was applied to deduce the theoretical flow calculation formula of these flumes. Moreover, Froude number, velocity distribution, backwater height, critical submergence, and energy loss of the flume were analyzed, for which the experimental and numerical results are compared and further discussed. The results show that the backwater height is directly proportional to the wing length, while the head loss and critical submergence are inversely proportional to the wing length. Based on the results, in terms of backwater height, it is recommended to use the NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flume with a smaller wing length, while, in terms of head loss and critical submergence, the NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flume with a larger wing length should be used.
Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Acquaviva Kimberly 
Published: April 2021

Background
When this study began in 2018, I sought to determine the extent to which the top 50 schools of nursing were using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists on Twitter. In December 2020, the timeframe was expanded to encompass 2 more years of data, and an analysis was conducted of the types of hashtags used.

Objective
The study attempted to answer the following question: to what extent are top-ranked schools of nursing using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public on Twitter?

Methods
In February 2018, 47 of the top 50 schools of nursing had public Twitter accounts. The most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each account and analyzed. There were 31,762 tweets in the time period covered (September 29, 2016, through February 22, 2018). After 13,429 retweets were excluded, 18,333 tweets remained. In December 2020, 44 of the original 47 schools of nursing still had public Twitter accounts under the same name used in the first phase of the study. Three accounts that were no longer active were removed from the 2016-2018 data set, resulting in 16,939 tweets from 44 schools of nursing. The Twitter data for the 44 schools of nursing were obtained for the time period covered in the second phase of the study (February 23, 2018, through December 13, 2020), and the most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each of the accounts. On excluding retweets, there were 40,368 tweets in the 2018-2020 data set. The 2016-2018 data set containing 16,939 tweets was merged with the 2018-2020 data set containing 40,368 tweets, resulting in 57,307 tweets in the 2016-2020 data set.

Results
Each hashtag used 100 times or more in the 2016-2020 data set was categorized as one of the following seven types: nursing, school, conference or tweet chat, health, illness/disease/condition, population, and something else. These types were then broken down into the following two categories: intercom hashtags and megaphone hashtags. Approximately 83% of the time, schools of nursing used intercom hashtags (inward-facing hashtags focused on in-group discussion within and about the profession). Schools of nursing rarely used outward-facing megaphone hashtags. There was no discernible shift in the way that schools of nursing used hashtags after the publication of The Woodhull Study Revisited.

Conclusions
Top schools of nursing use hashtags more like intercoms to communicate with other nurses rather than megaphones to invite attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public. If schools of nursing want the media to showcase their faculty members as experts, they need to increase their use of megaphone hashtags to connect the work of their faculty with topics of interest to the public.
Estimating Pulmonary Function, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), And Superoxide Dismutase-3 (EC-SOD3) Levels in Patients with Chronic Bronchial Asthma on Curcumin Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Khdair Sura abbas , Abdulridha Manal khalid 
Published: April 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of curcumin supplement as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in patients with chronic bronchial asthma. Forty patients diagnosed with chronic bronchial asthma were enrolled in this study and allocated into group (1) patients assigned to receive conventional therapy of asthma, and group (2) patient assigned to receive conventional therapy of asthma combined with 750 mg curcumin supplement twice daily for two months. Pulmonary function test, asthma control test, serum interleukin-6 and serum extracellular super oxide dismutase 3 were measured before and after two months in both study groups. After two months, the mean values of pulmonary function test (spirometry) and asthma control score showed significant increase compared to pre-treatment values in group 2 patients (P<0.01). Moreover, there was marked decrease in the level of interleukin-6 in group 2 patients after two months (p< 0.05) compared to the increased in group 1 patients. The mean level of super oxide dismutase 3 didn’t show any increase in both study groups after treatment. Curcumin supplement produced improvement in pulmonary function of patients with chronic bronchial asthma along with the reduction in inflammatory status. No change in endogenous oxidative status after curcumin supplementation.
Antibacterial Peptides from Tryptic Hydrolysate of Ricinus communis Seed Protein Fractionated Using Cation Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Raharjo Tri , Utami Woro , Fajr Atdrian , Swasono Respati , Haryadi Winarto 
Published: April 2021

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) peptide-based lead compound has become interesting target in developing new antibiotics. AMP is possibly generated through the digestion of protein. The protein of castor (Ricinus communis) seed is characterized as a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) that can be a source of AMP. The objectives of this research are to identify antibacterial peptides from Ricinus communis seed protein hydrolysate. The seed protein was isolated using sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequently digested using trypsin. The hydrolysate was fractionated using a strong cation exchange chromatography system, and the resulting fractions were tested for antibacterial activity. The peptides present in the active fraction were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. As the result, the pH 4 and pH 5 fractions of the elution buffer indicated antibacterial activity, with the pH 4 fraction of the hydrolysate having high activity against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Three peptides that have the sequences EESETVGQR, GQSTGTGQQER, and LDALEPDNR could be responsible for the activity of the pH 4 fraction. The antibacterial activity of these peptides, which is due to their ionic properties and secondary structure, supports the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane. It can be concluded that Ricinus communis seed protein hydrolysate contains peptides with sequence EESETVGQR, GQSTGTGQQER, and LDALEPDNR that potent to be used as AMP lead compounds
Generalist CEOs and Audit Pricing
Authors: Ma Zhiming , Wang Rencheng , Zhou Kaitang 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We analyze the consequences of a firm hiring a generalist CEO in terms of the audit fees paid by the firm. We find that audit fees of clients with generalist CEOs are higher than those of clients with specialist CEOs. This relation is robust to considering managerial ability, other CEO characteristics, various fixed effects, instrumental variables, and change analyses. We further show that fee differences are larger for firms with weaker monitoring and higher corporate litigation risks. Through path analysis, we find that both client business risk and misreporting risk contribute to the fee difference. Finally, we find that auditors are more likely to issue going-concern opinions to clients with generalist CEOs. Our study should be of interest to auditing standard setters who link management operating styles to audit risk. We shed light on how management operating styles associated with the CEOs' general or specialized skills affect audit pricing.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Is User-Generated Twittersphere Activity Associated with Stock Market Reactions to 8-K Filings?
Authors: Debreceny Roger S. , Rahman Asheq , Wang Tawei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prior studies have demonstrated that company-generated tweets as a device for the dissemination of corporate announcements help reduce information asymmetry. This paper demonstrates that user-generated tweets around corporate announcements have information content in addition to the information content of the announcement itself. Using a sample of S&P 1500 firms, we test the effects of abnormal levels of user-generated tweets and abnormal sentiment in the tweets over the three days surrounding 8-K filings of unanticipated events on market returns and liquidity of stocks. Results show that abnormal levels of user-generated tweets are positively associated with both the absolute cumulative abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal trading volume. We also find an indication of a cautionary stance by the market when sentiment is negative around the announcements. Our results have economic significance from both the stock valuation and the stock liquidity perspectives.
JEL Classifications: M41.
An Investigation of the Effects of Allegation Sources and Consequences on Corporate Directors' Responses to Whistleblowing Allegations
Authors: Norman Carolyn Strand , Rose Anna M. , Rose Jacob M. , Suh Ikseon , Xiao Xinning 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Based on the results of two experiments with corporate directors, we find that directors perceive an anonymous allegation made by an employee on social media to be as credible and relevant as an anonymous allegation made through an internal whistleblowing channel. However, when additional allegations support an initial allegation, directors perceive greater increases in the credibility of the allegations and increase resources they devote to investigating allegations more when the allegations are made internally versus via social media. Results also indicate that directors perceive that allegations that can trigger restatements are less credible than allegations that could trigger adjustments. However, these threats to director objectivity do not carry over to their decisions to investigate allegations. Directors allocate more resources to the investigation of allegations that trigger restatements, relative to allegations that could trigger adjustments. We find that directors pursue rigorous investigations of allegations, even when investigations create significant personal threats.