bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and adiposity in preschool children: The Barwon Infant Study
Authors: Bell Lisa A. , Vuillermin Peter , Timperio Anna , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Tang Mimi L. K. , Hesketh Kylie D. ,   the BIS Investigator Group
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe association between physical activity and adiposity in preschool‐aged children is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the cross‐sectional association between objectively measured physical activity and body fat in preschool‐aged children.MethodsIn the preschool review in an Australian birth cohort study (n = 1074), mean duration and time accumulated in ≥1‐min bouts of physical activity at light‐intensity (LPA), moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity (MVPA) and light‐ to vigorous‐intensity (LMVPA) were computed from accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) data. Percent body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Associations between physical activity and percent body fat were examined by multiple regression, adjusted for accelerometer wear time, MVPA (in analyses of LPA), maternal body mass index (BMI) and maternal education.ResultsA total of 450 participants (n = 450) had valid data. There was evidence of associations between physical activity and adiposity: each additional hour of LVPA was associated with 0.6% (CI95 –0.2%, 1.3%) higher body fat; ≥1‐min bouts of LPA was associated with 1.0% (CI95 0.1%, 1.9%) higher body fat; each additional hour of MVPA was associated with −0.8% (CI95 −1.6%, −0.1%) less body fat; and ≥1‐min bouts of MVPA was associated with −1.3% (CI95 −2.5%, −0.1%) body fat.ConclusionsAmong a cohort of preschool‐aged children, there was evidence that more intensive physical activity assessed by an accelerometer is associated with reduced body fat.
In situ TEM observation on the ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric transition in Pb(Nb,Zr,Sn,Ti)O3/ZnO
Authors: Liu Binzhi , Li Ling , Zhang Shan‐Tao , Zhou Lin , Tan Xiaoli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCeramic composites of (1‐x)Pb0.99{Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.937Ti0.063]0.98}O3 (PNZST)/xZnO were recently reported to exhibit exceptionally high pyroelectric coefficients near human body temperature due to the ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric transition of the matrix grains. In the present work, a comparative study is conducted on two composites of x = 0.1 and 0.4 with in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results verify the presence of strain field in the PNZST grain adjacent to a ZnO particle and the stabilized ferroelectric phase at room temperature in the composite of x = 0.1. During heating, the ferroelectric matrix grain transforms to the antiferroelectric phase, contributing to the pyroelectric effect. In the composite of x = 0.4, high‐angle annular dark‐field imaging combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveal the existence of both ZnO and Zn2SnO4. The formation of Zn2SnO4 indicates that Sn in the PNZST matrix grain is selectively extracted, and decomposition of the perovskite phase has taken place. The decomposition products in the form of fine particles are observed to facilitate the nucleation of the antiferroelectric phase and restrict the motion of the phase boundary during heating. The larger amount of ZnO and Zn2SnO4 and the decomposition of the PNZST perovskite phase are suggested to be responsible for the much lower pyroelectric coefficient in the x = 0.4 composite.
Cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy for ventricular tachycardia: Current experience and technical gaps
Authors: Wei Chen , Qian Pierre C. , Boeck Michelle , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Blankstein Ron , Tedrow Usha B. , Mak Raymond , Zei Paul C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite advances in drug and catheter ablation therapy, long‐term recurrence rates for ventricular tachycardia remain suboptimal. Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a novel treatment that has demonstrated reduction of arrhythmia episodes and favorable short‐term safety profile in treatment‐refractory patients. Nevertheless, the current clinical experience is early and limited. Recent studies have highlighted variable duration of treatment effect and substantial recurrence rates several months postradiation. Contributing to these differential outcomes are disparate approaches groups have taken in planning and delivering radiation, owing to both technical and knowledge gaps limiting optimization and standardization of cardiac SBRT.Methods and FindingsIn this report, we review the historical basis for cardiac SBRT and existing clinical data. We then elucidate the current technical gaps in cardiac radioablation, incorporating the current clinical experience, and summarize the ongoing and needed efforts to resolve them.ConclusionCardiac SBRT is an emerging therapy that holds promise for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Technical gaps remain, to be addressed by ongoing research and growing clincial experience.
Examining quality time as a mediator of dyadic change in a randomized controlled trial of relationship education for low‐income couples
Authors: Carlson Ryan G. , Barden Sejal M. , Locklear Lauren , Dillman Taylor Dalena , Carroll Nakita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch identifying specific mechanisms of positive change for couples participating in relationship education is scant. Recent studies have identified the potential of communication skills as a likely mechanism, yet more information is needed about the contribution of process factors. Thus, we examined the influence that quality time spent together had on positive post‐intervention outcomes based on couples’ reports of dyadic coping and dyadic adjustment for 1,367 low‐income couples randomly assigned to receive relationship education. Results indicated that treatment couples reported significant gains in quality time spent together, and that those gains fully mediated positive changes in dyadic coping and adjustment. Additionally, actor and partner effects existed such that men's and women's reports of improved quality time influenced their own and their partners dyadic coping and dyadic adjustment. We discuss study implications for practice and future research.
Dyadic parent–adolescent relationship quality as pathways from maternal childhood abuse to adolescent psychopathology
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Esplin Jacob , Wright Lindsay , Hardy Nathan , Gallus Kami 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildren of maternal caregivers abused in childhood are at increased risk for mental health problems including anxiety and depression. To date, most studies exploring the intergenerational transmission of trauma have focused on younger children, with far fewer studies investigating adolescent mental health. Previous research suggests that maternal childhood abuse negatively impacts the parent–adolescent relationship, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of adolescent mental health problems. The current study examined dyadic reports of maternal–adolescent relationship quality as mediators linking maternal reports of childhood abuse to adolescent depression and anxiety. The bootstrapped indirect effects from maternal childhood abuse to adolescent symptoms of anxiety and depression were significant through adolescent reports of relationship quality, but not through maternal reports of relationship quality. Findings suggest that an adolescent's perception of their maternal–adolescent relationship may mediate the relationship between their maternal caregiver's childhood abuse and their own symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Glucose availability limits microglial nitric oxide production
Authors: Castillo Erika , Mocanu Ebony , Uruk Gӧkhan , Swanson Raymond A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolic intermediates influence inflammation not only through signaling effects, but also by fueling the production of pro‐inflammatory molecules. Microglial production of nitric oxide (NO) requires the consumption of NADPH. NADPH consumed in this process is regenerated from NADP+ primarily through the hexose monophosphate shunt, which can utilize only glucose as a substrate. These factors predict that glucose availability can be rate‐limiting for glial NO production. To test this prediction, cultured astrocytes and microglia were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ to promote expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the rate of NO production was assessed at defined glucose concentrations. Increased NO production was detected only in cultures containing microglia. The NO production was markedly slowed at glucose concentrations below 0.5 mM, and comparably reduced by inhibition of the hexose monophosphate shunt with 6‐aminonicotinamide. Reduced NO production caused by glucose deprivation was partly reversed by malate, which fuels NADPH production by malate dehydrogenase, and by NADPH itself. These findings highlight the role of the hexose monophosphate shunt in fueling NO synthesis and suggest that microglial NO production in the brain may be limited at sites of low glucose availability, such as abscesses or other compartmentalized infections.
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Description of a safe doppler ultrasound‐guided technique for hyaluronic acid filler in the face—A method to avoid adverse vascular events
Authors: Rocha Paula Stéfany , Guerra Thais Almeida , Teixeira Danilo Augusto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of facial anatomy is essential for professionals intending to inject hyaluronic acid (HA) into that region, but due to the considerable anatomical variations in region, it does not guarantee the complete safety of the procedure. Similarly, procedures widely disseminated among professionals, such as aspiration and the use of cannulas, do not ensure total safety against vascular occlusion events caused by the filler.ObjectivesThis article describes a technique for injecting hyaluronic acid into the face guided by Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) in order to ensure greater safety against vascular occlusion events secondary to the procedure.MethodsWe describe a Doppler ultrasound‐guided filling technique, with an 18 MHZ transducer, consisting of three steps: arterial mapping, real‐time ultrasound‐guided filling, and assessing the perfusion.ResultsThe described technique was performed in 480 patients and can be adopted in the routine of professionals who inject hyaluronic acid, especially in areas at high risk for vascular events. Its use results in greater safety against vascular occlusion events secondary to the procedure, without the need for prior aspiration. We conclude that there is a local vasodilation right after the filling that makes it difficult the possibility of extrinsic compression exerted by the filler on the vessel. Furthermore, the product moves to deep planes even with the bevel facing up (toward the epidermis).ConclusionsWe believe that in the future the use of Doppler ultrasound‐guided filling technique will be mandatory for professionals who intend to perform HA injection, to both ensure patient safety and provide legal protection for the professional.
An integrative review of fatigue in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for self‐management and quality of life
Authors: Kuo Hsuan‐Ju , Huang Ya‐Ching , García Alexandra A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo synthesise empirical studies on factors related to fatigue and its impact on diabetes self‐management (DSM) and quality of life (QOL) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).BackgroundFatigue is commonly reported in people with T2DM, a chronic condition that is highly prevalent worldwide. However, a holistic understanding of the consequences and factors related to fatigue in adults with T2DM is not well synthesised.DesignThis integrative review used Whittemore and Knafl's methodology and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist.MethodsThe theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) was used as a conceptual model to guide the review. The PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases were searched to identify studies that recruited adults with T2DM, were peer‐reviewed, written in English and investigated fatigue as a primary or secondary outcome. Two investigators independently appraised the quality of the studies and extracted the data.ResultsTwenty‐nine articles met the inclusion criteria: 23 observational studies, two randomised controlled trials, one quasi‐experimental study and three qualitative studies. All articles were of high quality. Physiological (e.g. T2DM duration, complications and inflammatory biomarkers), psychological (e.g. diabetes distress, depression and sleep quality) and situational factors (e.g. race/ethnicity, education and social support) were related to fatigue. Studies reported fatigue as a barrier to physical activity, healthy eating behaviours and the physical aspect of QOL.ConclusionsMultiple factors are related to fatigue in adults with T2DM. Gaps in the literature include the multiple dimensions of fatigue, the effectiveness of interventions to alleviate fatigue and fatigue experiences in under‐represented populations.Relevance to clinical practiceThis integrative review supports the complex origin of fatigue and its impact on adults with T2DM. Nurses should evaluate modifiable factors related to fatigue and provide support to help improve DSM and QOL in this population.
A NEW REGIONAL PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODEL FOR CENTRAL ITALY AND THE CENTRAL ADRIATIC SEA SUPPORTED BY BASIN MODELLING AND AN ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON OCCURRENCES
Authors: Lipparini Lorenzo , D'Ambrosio Andrea , Trippetta Fabio , Bigi Sabina , Derks Jan Federik , Bambridge Victoire Roblet , Cassola Teodoro 
Published: September 2021

The petroleum system in Central Italy and the Adriatic Sea is of great interest for future hydrocarbon exploration. However, major uncertainties remain about key risk elements such as source rock spatial distribution and maturation history, the timing of hydrocarbon migration, and the nature of migration pathways. This paper presents a new regional‐scale petroleum systems model based on an integrated inter‐disciplinary study which includes public‐domain subsurface data on key petroleum systems elements, heat‐flow and petroleum geochemical data, and an extensive set of 1D basin models.Results show the importance of the Mesozoic palaeogeographic and stratigraphic setting which was characterized by the presence of platform and basinal domains. Thermal data highlight an overall higher basal heat flow in platform domains which persist at the present‐day. Considering the geochemical and thermal characteristics of possible source rocks in the study area, the Upper Triassic Burano Formation appears to be the most likely active source rock but only in those geological domains where it has been deeply buried. In particular, source rocks reached maturity only during the most recent Apennine deformation phase in the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene, i.e. after the deposition of regional seals such as the Messinian Gessoso‐Solfifera Formation. Lateral migration is suggested to have occurred to explain most of the known oil accumulations. The margin of the Apulia Platform could have acted as a migration pathway for hydrocarbons, connecting basinal kitchens to the carbonate reservoir units at the top of the platform succession within which oil and gas accumulations have been proven. Heavy oils could represent early expulsion products from the source rock, but may also locally be a result of biodegradation due to recent partial exhumation of the traps and the loss of lighter components.The results of this study may support ongoing and future exploration efforts over other carbonate platforms in the study area, and more widely on carbonate targets elsewhere in the Mediterranean region.
Therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic drugs on K18‐hACE2 mice infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Cecon Erika , Izabelle Charlotte , Poder Sophie Le , Real Fernando , Zhu Aiwei , Tu Ly , Ghigna Maria Rosa , Klonjkowski Bernard , Bomsel Morgane , Jockers Ralf , Dam Julie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic grows, several therapeutic candidates are being tested or undergoing clinical trials. Although prophylactic vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been shown to be effective, no definitive treatment exists to date in the event of infection. The rapid spread of infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants fully warrants the continued evaluation of drug treatments for COVID‐19, especially in the context of repurposing of already available and safe drugs. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic compounds in attenuating COVID‐19 pathogenesis in mice expressing human ACE2 receptor (K18‐hACE2), strongly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Daily administration of melatonin, agomelatine, or ramelteon delays the occurrence of severe clinical outcome with improvement of survival, especially with high melatonin dose. Although no changes in most lung inflammatory cytokines are observed, treatment with melatonergic compounds limits the exacerbated local lung production of type I and type III interferons, which is likely associated with the observed improved symptoms in treated mice. The promising results from this preclinical study should encourage studies examining the benefits of repurposing melatonergic drugs to treat COVID‐19 and related diseases in humans.
Proximity‐dependent biotinylation approaches to study apicomplexan biology
Authors: Kimmel Jessica , Kehrer Jessica , Frischknecht Friedrich , Spielmann Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the last 10 years, proximity‐dependent biotinylation (PDB) techniques greatly expanded the ability to study protein environments in the living cell that range from specific protein complexes to entire compartments. This is achieved by using enzymes such as BirA* and APEX that are fused to proteins of interest and biotinylate proteins in their proximity. PDB techniques are now also increasingly used in apicomplexan parasites. In this review, we first give an overview of the main PDB approaches and how they compare with other techniques that address similar questions. PDB is particularly valuable to detect weak or transient protein associations under physiological conditions and to study cellular structures that are difficult to purify or have a poorly understood protein composition. We also highlight new developments such as novel smaller or faster‐acting enzyme variants and conditional PDB approaches, providing improvements in both temporal and spatial resolution which may offer broader application possibilities useful in apicomplexan research. In the second part, we review work using PDB techniques in apicomplexan parasites and how this expanded our knowledge about these medically important parasites.
Improvement of electrical synchrony in cardiac resynchronization therapy using dynamic atrioventricular delay programming and multipoint pacing
Authors: Schiedat Fabian , Mijic Dejan , Karosiene Zana , Bogossian Harilaos , Zarse Markus , Lemke Bernd , Hanefeld Christoph , Mügge Andreas , Kloppe Axel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is often time‐consuming and therefore underused in a clinical setting. Novel device‐based algorithms aiming to simplify optimization include a dynamic atrioventricular delay (AVD) algorithm (SyncAV, Abbott) and multipoint pacing (MPP, Abbott). This study examines the acute effect of SyncAV and MPP on electrical synchrony in patients with newly and chronically implanted CRT devices.MethodsPatients with SyncAV and MPP enabled devices were prospectively enrolled during implant or scheduled follow‐up. Blinded 12‐lead electrocardiographic acute measurements of QRS duration (QRSd) were performed for intrinsic QRSd (Intrinsic), bi‐ventricular pacing (BiV), MPP, BiV with SyncAV at default offset 50 ms (BiVSyncAVdef), BiV with SyncAV at patient‐specific optimised offset (BiVSyncAVopt), MPP with SyncAV at default offset 50 ms (MPPSyncAVdef), and MPP with SyncAV at patient‐specific optimised offset (MPPSyncAVopt).ResultsThirty‐three patients were enrolled. QRSd for Intrinsic, BiV, MPP, BiVSyncAVdef, BiVSyncAVopt, MPPSyncAVdef, MPPSyncAVopt were 160.4 ± 20.6 ms, 141.0 ± 20.5 ms, 130.2 ± 17.2 ms, 121.7 ± 20.9 ms, 117.0 ± 19.0 ms, 121.2 ± 17.1 ms, 108.7 ± 16.5 ms respectively. MPPSyncAVopt led to greatest reduction of QRSd relative to Intrinsic (−31.6 ± 11.1%; p < .001), showed significantly shorter QRSd compared to all other pacing configurations (p < .001) and shortest QRSd in every patient. Shortening of QRSd was not significantly different between newly and chronically implanted devices (−51.6 ± 14.7 ms vs. −52.7 ± 21.9 ms; p = .99).ConclusionSyncAV and MPP improved acute electrical synchrony in CRT. Combining both technologies with patient‐specific optimization resulted in greatest improvement, regardless of time since implantation.Whats newNovel device‐based algorithms like a dynamic AVD algorithm (SyncAV, Abbott) and multipoint pacing (MPP, Abbott) aim to simplify CRT optimization. Our data show that a combination of patient tailored SyncAV optimization and MPP results in greatest improvement of electrical synchrony in CRT measured by QRS duration, regardless if programmed in newly or chronically implanted devices. This is the first study to our knowledge to examine a combination of these device‐based algorithms. The results help understanding the ideal ventricular excitation in heart failure.
Experimental philosophy on time
Authors: Norton James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAppeals to the ‘common sense’, or ‘naïve’, or ‘folk’ concept of time, and the purported phenomenology as of time passing, play a substantial role in philosophical theorising about time. When making these appeals, philosophers have been content to draw upon their own assumptions about how non‐philosophers think about time. This paper reviews a series of recent experiments bringing these assumptions into question. The results suggest that the way non‐philosophers think about time is far less metaphysically demanding than philosophers have assumed.
Correlation between home systolic blood pressure variability and cognitive impairment in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Xiao Huihui , Li Hua , Dong Liping , Song Xiaohong , Wu Yang , Wei Honglan , Shang Weifeng , Tian Ming , Dong Junwu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the correlation between home blood pressure variability and cognitive function in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsPatients who received MHD were included. Their home blood pressure on nondialysis days within 1 week was collected. All patients were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale, according to which the patients were divided into cognitive impairment (CI) group and non‐CI group, and the differences between two groups were compared.ResultsA total of 224 patients were included in the study, of which 168 had CI (75%). Compared with non‐CI group, patients in CI group had larger variability of systolic blood pressure (SBPV) (8.4 [6.7, 10.6]% vs. 6.9 [4.9, 8.8]%, P < 0.001). The smooth fitting curve (OR = 1.2, 95% CI [1.1–1.4], P < 0.001) and trend test (P for trend = 0.004) showed that the risk of CI raised with the increase of SBPV. The patients were further divided into tertiles according to the SBPV. We also found a gradual increase in the proportion of incident CI in the three tertiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, shorter years of education, less frequency of hemodialysis, and greater SBPV were the dependent risk of CI.ConclusionIn conclusion, greater SBPV indicates higher risk of cognitive impairment in MHD patients.