bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen addition on plant manganese nutrition in a temperate steppe
Authors: Yang Yan‐Ru , Hou Shuang‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Hu Yan‐Yu , Ding Cong , Yang Guo‐Jiao , Lü Xiao‐Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundManganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and a key factor driving litter decomposition. Nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to enhance soil Mn availability via soil acidification, and subsequently to increase plant Mn concentrations.AimsWe aimed to quantify the responses of Mn concentrations in green and senesced shoots at both species and community levels to N addition, and determine whether N addition would decrease Mn retranslocation efficiency during plant senescence.MethodsWe examined the changes of Mn concentrations in soil and in green and senesced shoots of all plant species across multiple N addition rates ranging from 0 to 50 g N m−2 y−1 in a temperate steppe after six years treatments. Plant Mn retranslocation efficiency were quantified at species, life form, and community levels. The relationship between plant Mn nutritional parameters and soil Mn availability across the N addition gradient was analyzed.ResultsThere were positive correlations between plant Mn concentrations and N addition rates for most species. Relative to the control plots, community‐level mean Mn concentration in green and senesced shoots in the plots received the highest level of N addition increased by 137.50% (from 0.19 mg kg−1 to 0.08 mg kg−1) and 187.50% (from 0.23 mg kg−1 to 0.08 mg kg−1), respectively. There was no correlation between Mn retranslocation efficiency and N addition rates at species, life form and community levels. Plant Mn status was weakly correlated with soil Mn concentrations for most species.ConclusionsPlant Mn retranslocation showed conserved responses to increasing N addition rates, which would be an adaptive strategy for plants in face of N‐induced higher soil Mn availability.
Holocene hydroclimate changes on the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from geochemical records in Lake Gyaring
Authors: Ning Dongliang , Jiang Qingfeng , Ji Ming , Xu Yuchen , Kuai Xiang , Ge Ying , Zhao Wenwei 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an ideal region for understanding the interaction between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and the Westerlies. Here we present a high‐resolution elemental record from Lake Gyaring in the source region of the Yellow River to investigate the paleo‐hydroclimate changes over the past ~10 ka. Our results show that lithogenic elements (Ti, Rb, Mn, Ti, Zn and Ni) increased while carbonate‐related elements (Ca, Sr and Mg) decreased up the core sediments, indicating that the effective moisture on the north‐eastern TP has steadily increased throughout the Holocene. This inference is also supported by the gradual augmentation and diminution of Rb/Sr and Ca/(Ti + Fe + Al) ratios, respectively. The persistent wetting trend on the north‐eastern TP inferred from our study disagrees with the Holocene pattern of the ASM but corresponds well with that of the Westerlies. This implies that the strengthening Westerlies since the Holocene might have played a more important role than monsoon circulation in controlling the hydroclimate changes on the north‐eastern TP. However, the significant increase in the mid‐Holocene might be related to the combined effects of the strengthened ASM and Westerlies. Ultimately, Northern Hemisphere solar insolation and the substantial remnant of ice sheets might have controlled Holocene moisture availability on the north‐eastern TP through their influence on the intensity of the Westerlies and ASM as well as Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures.
What happens to patients undergoing cancer surgery with psychiatric comorbidities?: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Toraih Eman , Hussein Mohammad , Trinh Lily N. , Zerfaoui Mourad , Kandil Emad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to describe the surgical outcomes and readmissions rates in patients with psychological comorbidities who underwent surgical intervention for cancer.BackgroundThe Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, a campaign by the Affordable Care Act, penalizes hospitals for greater readmission rates. One prevalent patient risk factor associated with hospital readmission is a comorbid psychiatric condition. Currently, no studies exist identifying psychiatric comorbidities and their effects on patients with cancer undergoing surgical intervention.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed using the Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2010–2014 and included adult patients undergoing cancer resection operations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess determinants of surgical outcomes and readmissions.ResultsOf 1 016 636 eligible patients, 11.6% had psychiatric comorbidities. Patients with psychiatric disorders had greater risks of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.25), complications (OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.50–1.52), extended length of stay (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.20–1.22), and incurred healthcare expenditure at primary admission (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.15–1.18). Psychiatric comorbidities were associated with an increased likelihood of readmission (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.11–1.15).ConclusionsConcomitant psychiatric conditions were attributed to poor surgical outcomes and a higher risk of readmissions. Multidisciplinary care within the perioperative setting should be encouraged for patients with psychiatric disorders.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method with triple‐stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Ji Zhengchao , Yin Lei , Li Yanyan , Yang Xiaoquan , Lin Lin , Liu Lingling , Jiang Yi , Huang Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLevetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is primarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal and generalized seizures. This study describes the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method with triple‐stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a short reversed‐phase column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB‐C18 column, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) using isocratic elution with 25% 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and 75% methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The linear range is 0.5–50 μg/mL (R2 > 0.99). All the validation data, such as lower limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, recoveries, matrix effects, and other parameters, fit the request of biological method validation guidance. Passing–Bablok regression coefficients demonstrated that there is no constant bias and no proportional bias between the liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods with triple‐stage fragmentation and liquid multiple reaction monitoring. Bland–Altman plot showed that the developed liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method with triple‐stage fragmentation method is reliable and accurate to determine levetiracetam in human serum.
Age differences in allostatic load among veterans: The importance of combat exposure
Authors: Piazza Jennifer R. , Landes Scott D. , Stawski Robert S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study examinedage differences in allostatic load among nonveterans, noncombat veterans, and combat veterans. Participants included 280 individuals from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) survey, including 164 veterans (n = 48 combat veterans; n = 116 noncombat veterans) and 116 nonveterans. Age differences in allostatic load were similar among nonveterans and noncombat veterans, B = 0.002, SE = .011, p = .878, with older adults showing higher levels of allostatic load than their comparatively younger counterparts. Among combat veterans, however, a different pattern emerged. In this group, levels of allostatic load were similar across age, seemingly due to higher levels of allostatic load among younger combat veterans, B = −0.029, SE = .014, p = .031, ƞp2 = .022. Results reveal the importance of considering combat exposure when examining health outcomes of military veterans, particularly in the context of age.
Racial, ethnic, and neighborhood income disparities in childhood posttraumatic stress and grief: Exploring indirect effects through trauma exposure and bereavement
Authors: Douglas Robyn D. , Alvis Lauren M. , Rooney Evan E. , Busby Danielle R. , Kaplow Julie B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious findings suggest that experiences with systems of oppression that disproportionately affect individuals based on race and neighborhood residency (e.g., systemic racism, neighborhood income disadvantage [NID]) can be associated with higher odds of developing psychological problems following traumatic events. Although race/ethnicity and NID residency are often associated, they are separate concepts that play unique roles in mental health outcomes among youth. Residents of Black, Latinx, and income‐disadvantaged communities also have an increased risk of exposure to polyvictimization and the loss of multiple loved ones. Studies have not carefully delineated the potential relations between race/ethnicity and NID residency, polyvictimization, accumulated losses, and trauma and grief outcomes in youth. We examined mediation models to investigate whether polyvictimization, the loss of multiple loved ones, and exposure to violent death were potential mechanisms through which race/ethnicity and NID would predict trauma and grief outcomes in youth. Participants (N = 429) included Black (19.9%), Latinx (36.0%), and White (27.3%) children and adolescents who were assessed through a routine baseline assessment at a trauma and grief outpatient clinic. Black youth reported significantly elevated posttraumatic stress and maladaptive grief symptoms through higher polyvictimization and violent death exposure relative to White youth, βs = .06–.12, ps <.001. Latinx identity and NID were positively and directly associated with specific domains of maladaptive grief reactions, βs = .10–.17, ps < .001. If replicated longitudinally, these findings suggest that polyvictimization and violent death exposure may be mechanisms through which Black youth develop more severe traumatic stress and grief reactions.
Commentary on the special issue on disproportionate exposure to trauma: Trauma, stress, and adversities and health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Seedat Soraya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe papers in this Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on disproportionate adversity cover the gamut of discrimination traumas and stressors, including microaggressions, a more insidious forms of discrimination, and their often‐devastating and wide‐ranging mental health sequelae, in disproportionately affected disenfranchised groups. Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation commonly confers cumulative and chronic effects. In the field of traumatic stress studies, several types of identity‐linked traumatic events have been identified and empirically investigated as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)–producing experiences. Collectively, the 13 papers included in this special issue raise questions about the definition, conceptualization, and categorization of various forms of explicit and implicit identity‐linked trauma. These papers highlight the need for acceptance of a shared nomenclature and better differentiation of both causal and correlational associations with acute and chronic PTSD, depression, suicide risk, alcohol misuse, and other mental health outcomes. In this commentary, the discussion is extended to COVID‐19, a disease that has been globally devastating for many. On multiple levels (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, economic, and social), COVID‐19 has magnified the prepandemic fault lines of race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Applying a syndemic framework to the health impact of COVID‐19 and, arguably, the most pervasive identity linked epidemic worldwide—systemic racism—brings perspective to the biological and social forces that are likely to be driving the convergence of COVID‐19, systemic racism, and chronic health inequities, and may be informative in guiding evidence‐based strategies for managing racial trauma in the context of COVID‐19.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Versus Elective Node Dissection in Stage cT1‐2N0 Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Saleem Matthew I. , Peng Travis , Zhu Daniel , Wong Amanda , Pereira Lucio M. , Tham Tristan 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo compare overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and elective neck dissection (END) in the surgical management of cT1‐2N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).MethodsEnglish full‐text articles were searched in PubMed and Embase on May 9, 2021. Articles had to compare SNB with END in cT1‐T2N0 OCSCC patients; report hazard ratios (HRs), Kaplan–Meier curves, or P‐values with total number of events for survival outcomes; be from a clinical trial, cohort, or case–control study. Two reviewers reviewed articles and a third settled disagreements. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool and revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials were used. The generic inverse variance method with a random‐effect model was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsTen studies, five retrospective, three prospective, and two randomized controlled trials, were included (total number of patients [n] = 10,498, END n = 9102, SNB n = 1396). No significant differences were found in OS (HR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.31) or DFS (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.41–1.20). Heterogeneity was not detected in pooled OS analysis (P = .18; I2 = 30%), but was in pooled DFS analysis (P = .003; I2 = 66%).ConclusionsNo statistically significant differences in OS or DFS were observed between SNB and END in cT1‐2N0 OCSCC, suggesting that SNB might be an alternative to END in the management of early‐stage, clinically node‐negative OCSCC. Laryngoscope, 132:989–998, 2022
Impact of Hospital Volume on Outcomes Following Head and Neck Cancer Surgery and Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Madrigal Josef , Mukdad Laith , Han Albert Y. , Tran Zachary , Benharash Peyman , St. John Maie A. , Blackwell Keith E. 
Published: October 2021

Objective/HypothesisUtilization of flaps for reconstruction of large head and neck cancer (HNCA) defects has become more prevalent. The present study aimed to assess the impact of center experience as measured by annual hospital caseload on mortality, major complications, resource utilization, and 90‐day readmissions following HNCA resection with flap reconstruction.Study DesignNon‐Randomized Controlled Cohort Study.MethodsAll adult patients undergoing elective HNCA resection with flap reconstruction were identified utilizing the 2010 to 2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Hospitals were subsequently classified as low‐, medium‐, or high‐volume based on annual institutional surgical caseload tertiles. Multivariable regression models were implemented to assess the independent association of hospital volume with the outcomes of interest.ResultsOver the nine‐year study period, the proportion of HNCA resection with flap reconstruction gradually increased (12.8% in 2010 vs. 17.3% in 2018, P < .001). Although increasing hospital volume did not alter the odds of mortality, patients treated at high‐volume centers were less likely to experience both surgical (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.97, P = .025) and medical complications (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.85, P < .001). Furthermore, these patients had shorter hospitalizations (−2.1 days, 95% CI −2.7 to −1.4 days, P < .001) and decreased costs (−$8,100, 95% CI −11,400 to −4,700, P < .001) compared to counterparts at low‐volume centers. However, hospital volume did not impact 90‐day readmissions.ConclusionPatients undergoing HNCA resection with flap reconstruction at high‐volume centers were less likely to experience surgical and medical complications while incurring shorter hospitalizations and lower costs. Implementation of volume standards may be appropriate to improve outcomes in this surgical population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1381–1387, 2022
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging in discovery and development of novel therapies
Authors: Soudah Terese , Zoabi Amani , Margulis Katherine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDesorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI‐MSI) is one of the least specimen destructive ambient ionization mass spectrometry tissue imaging methods. It enables rapid simultaneous mapping, measurement, and identification of hundreds of molecules from an unmodified tissue sample. Over the years, since its first introduction as an imaging technique in 2005, DESI‐MSI has been extensively developed as a tool for separating tissue regions of various histopathologic classes for diagnostic applications. Recently, DESI‐MSI has also emerged as a versatile technique that enables drug discovery and can guide the efficient development of drug delivery systems. For example, it has been increasingly employed for uncovering unique patterns of in vivo drug distribution, the discovery of potentially treatable biochemical pathways, revealing novel druggable targets, predicting therapeutic sensitivity of diseased tissues, and identifying early tissue response to pharmacological treatment. These and other recent advances in implementing DESI‐MSI as the tool for the development of novel therapies are highlighted in this review.
Compact triple‐mode bandpass filters based on single perturbed substrate integrated waveguide cavity using coaxial feed
Authors: Feng Yulin , Fang Shaojun , Zhou Leitao , Zhang Qiuyi , Xu Zhixia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA compact triple‐mode bandpass filter (BPF) based on a modified rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented. The perturbation of the dominant mode (TE101) and the third resonance mode (TE102) are realized by two metalized vias in order to keep the first three resonant modes evenly distributed in the passband. Using this strategy, we can control both bandwidth and finite‐transmission zero (FTZ). The bandwidth of BPF can be controlled by simply changing the diameter of the metalized vias. Coaxial excitation is used to achieve a parallel coupling with small external quality factor, resulting in a wideband response. The proposed triple‐mode SIW BPF also has an FTZ, which is decided by the angle between two feeds. In order to verify the proposed strategy, two samples with a center frequency of 5.5 GHz have been designed and manufactured.
A new emittance selection system to maximize beam transmission for low‐energy beams in cyclotron‐based proton therapy facilities with gantry
Authors: Maradia Vivek , Meer David , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Schippers Jacobus Maarten , Psoroulas Serena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeIn proton therapy, the potential of using high‐dose rates in the cancer treatment is being explored. High‐dose rates could improve efficiency and throughput in standard clinical practice, allow efficient utilization of motion mitigation techniques for moving targets, and potentially enhance normal tissue sparing due to the so‐called FLASH effect. However, high‐dose rates are difficult to reach when lower energy beams are applied in cyclotron‐based proton therapy facilities, because they result in large beam sizes and divergences downstream of the degrader, incurring large losses from the cyclotron to the patient position (isocenter). In current facilities, the emittance after the degrader is reduced using circular collimators; however, this does not provide an optimal matching to the acceptance of the following beamline, causing a low transmission for these energies. We, therefore, propose to use a collimation system, asymmetric in both beam size and divergence, resulting in symmetric emittance in both beam transverse planes as required for a gantry system. This new emittance selection, together with a new optics design for the following beamline and gantry, allows a better matching to the beamline acceptance and an improvement of the transmission.MethodsWe implemented a custom method to design the collimator sizes and shape required to select high emittance, to be transported by the following beamline using new beam optics (designed with TRANSPORT) to maximize acceptance matching. For predicting the transmission in the new configuration (new collimators + optics), we used Monte Carlo simulations implemented in BDSIM, implementing a model of PSI Gantry 2 which we benchmarked against measurements taken in the current clinical scenario (circular collimators + clinical optics).ResultsFrom the BDSIM simulations, we found that the new collimator system and matching beam optics results in an overall transmission from the cyclotron to the isocenter for a 70 MeV beam of 0.72%. This is an improvement of almost a factor of 6 over the current clinical performance (0.13% transmission). The new optics satisfies clinical beam requirements at the isocenter.ConclusionsWe developed a new emittance collimation system for PSI's PROSCAN beamline which, by carefully selecting beam size and divergence asymmetrically, increases the beam transmission for low‐energy beams in current state‐of‐the‐art cyclotron‐based proton therapy gantries. With these improvements, we could predict almost 1% transmission for low‐energy beams at PSI's Gantry 2. Such a system could easily be implemented in facilities interested in increasing dose rates for efficient motion mitigation and FLASH experiments alike.