bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of projected climate changes on maize (
Authors: Yang Xuan , Menefee Dorothy , Cui Song , Rajan Nithya 
Published: December 2021

Context Investigating agronomic responses of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) systems under global change could provide important insights in designing climate-resilient cropping systems. Aims and methods In this study, we integrated Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) with Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 and 20 Global Climate Models to systematically: (1) calibrate and validate APSIM using large-field study conducted in East-Central Texas; (2) evaluate the impacts of climate change on maize productivity and risks; and (3) investigate the variations in growth stage lengths. Key results Results indicated that APSIM simulated grain yield, biomass production, precipitation productivity (PP; kg ha−1 mm−1) and developmental stage transition agreed well with observation (NRMSE < 14.9%). Changes in temperature and precipitation shortened growing seasons and affected available water, resulting in widely varied yield and PP. Mean grain yield changed from −34.8 to +19.7%, mean PP were improved 9.2–36.5%. The grain production could be maintained at least the standard of 75% of historical in most cases, but with greater risks for achieving higher threshold (50% of baseline). Finally, simulations indicated shortened days (4–13 days) for reaching key developmental stages for maize. Conclusions and implications The results advocate adoptions of management practice that incorporating early sowing, irrigations at sowing/VT stages, and selections of late-maturing cultivars for better sustainability and higher productivity.
On the Schrödinger map for regular helical polygons in the hyperbolic space
Authors: Kumar Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to understand the evolution of X

t
= X

s
∧−
X

ss
, with X(s, 0) a regular polygonal curve with a nonzero torsion in the three-dimensional Minkowski space. Unlike in the case of the Euclidean space, a nonzero torsion now implies two different helical curves. This generalizes recent works by the author with de la Hoz and Vega on helical polygons in the Euclidean space as well as planar polygons in the Minkowski space. Numerical experiments in this article show that the trajectory of the point X(0, t) exhibits new variants of Riemann’s non-differentiable function whose structure depends on the initial torsion in the problem. As a result, we observe that the smooth solutions (helices, straight line) in the Minkowski space show the same instability as displayed by their Euclidean counterparts and curves with zero-torsion. These numerical observations are in agreement with some recent theoretical results obtained by Banica and Vega.
Piecewise linear iterated function systems on the line of overlapping construction
Authors: Dániel Prokaj R , Simon Károly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we consider iterated function systems (IFS) on the real line consisting of continuous piecewise linear functions. We assume some bounds on the contraction ratios of the functions, but we do not assume any separation condition. Moreover, we do not require that the functions of the IFS are injective, but we assume that their derivatives are separated from zero. We prove that if we fix all the slopes but perturb all other parameters, then for all parameters outside of an exceptional set of less than full packing dimension, the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor is equal to the exponent which comes from the most natural system of covers of the attractor.
Optimizing the size of a hybrid renewable energy system using various types of storage technologies
Authors: Proaño Noé Fernando , Román Mayra Salazar , Juan Lata-García 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hybrid renewable energy (HRE) systems without connection to the grid have a series of drawbacks due to the lack of reliability in the predictability of the climate, for this reason it is necessary to achieve the optimal sizing of the system components together with reliable storage systems to ensure the correct energy supply. At present commercially there are several storage technologies, lead acid batteries are the most used however they are losing space compared to lithium ion in stationary applications despite the uncertainties for cost and profitability, another technology is pumped hydro, appears as a clean solution unlike the previous ones. In this document the hybrid system composed of photovoltaic panels, a biogas generator and the three types of storage individually by means of technological tools is optimized, the result of the techno-economical simulation indicates that the system with pumped hydro has the lowest energy cost (COE) with 0.299 $/kWh, while the system with acid lead batteries has the highest energy cost at 0.401 $/kWh but has the lowest initial project cost 1.05 M$, lithium ion batteries reach a longer life time.
Analytical models for adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) systems in lined tunnels
Authors: Menéndez Javier , Loredo Jorge , Prado Laura Álvarez de , Fernández-Oro Jesús M. , Bernardo-Sánchez Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) systems consist of an underground reservoir where compressed air is stored at high pressures. The ambient air is compressed by compressors located at the surface and the thermal energy is stored using thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The compressed air is stored in the subsurface reservoir (charge). Then, when the electricity is needed, the compressed air is released and expanded in gas turbines to produce electricity (discharge). In this paper, an analytical model has been developed to investigate the thermodynamic behaviour during air charge and discharge processes. Operating pressures from 4.5 to 7.5 MPa has been employed in lined tunnels in the compression and decompression stages. The model considers a 20 mm thick sealing layer, a 0.4 m thick concrete lining and a 1 m thick rock mass around the air. Air mass flow rates of 0.19 and 0.27 kg s−1 have been used in the charge processes for polymer material and steel, respectively. Finally, in the discharge processes the mass flow rate increases up to -0.38 and -0.45 kg s−1 for polymer and steel. The air temperature and pressure and the temperature and heat transfer in the sealing layer, concrete lining and rock mass have been analyzed for 100 cycles considering polymer material and steel as sealing layers. The heat transfer through the sealing layer reaches -150 and -95 W m-2 for steel and polymer, respectively. The results obtained show that the storage capacity increases when the heat transfer through the sealing layer increases.
A comparative approach in the utilisation of rice husk and empty palm bunch in the biomass boiler
Authors: Kaniapan Sivabalan , Nesan Kartikeyan Patma , Ya Hamdan , Hassan Suhaimi , Buang Azizul , Safuan Zakaria Mohd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Growing world’s population has immense contribution towards world economy and energy utilisation. The enormous usage of conventional fuel has contributed many environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emission (GHG), world climate change, and deterioration of human health. Recent study focuses on the generated power from EPB compared with methane in a typical biomass boiler. Also, there are very limited studies on the Air to Fuel (ATF) ratios value in boiler operation. In this paper, empty palm bunch (EPB) and rice husk (RH) have been selected as biomass fuel in the biomass boiler. The same recommended parameters of boiler and turbine was chosen for both EPB and RH feedstocks from previous study. Overall, the study proven to produce about 33% and 25% of energy from EPB and RH of what a methane (CH4) can produce from the same amount of feeding rate, respectively, with EPB producing 13.31% of higher turbine power than RH. This directly contributes to the technical feasibility and adaptability of environmentally friendly elements by seizing the opportunity of carbon emission of conventional fuel and replacing it with natural resources such as EPB and RH which are part of the biomass fuel replacement regime. However, ATF ratio of RH is significantly minimal of what a CH4 and EPB utilised to burn 1 kg of fuel. Therefore, EPB and RH would be suitable for future renewable biomass feedstock in comparison with conventional fuel for power generation purposes.
Ecological and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles from alcoholic extract of Eucalyptus globulus: Evaluation of alcoholic solvent influence (70° and 96°)
Authors: Asmat-Campos D. , Delfin-Narciso D. , Juárez-Cortijo L. , Nazario-Naveda R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study provides an ecological and sustainable methodology for obtaining nanostructured material from Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract, as a potential value-added alternative and a contribution to circular economy. Silver nanoparticles (NP Ag) were synthesized, through the reducing action of the alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus on the precursor silver nitrate (AgNO3) evaluating the influence of alcoholic solvent (70 ° and 96 °) and pH in the synthesis. The silver colloids obtained were evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometry, which shows the formation of nanoparticles through the plasmon resonance peak; showing that for pH values 9.9 and 10 with alcohol extract of 70 ° and 96 ° respectively, silver nanoparticles with plasmon resonance peaks at 410 nm and 412.5 nm are obtained. While for pH values 3.86, 11.8 (96°) and 4.7, 8.2 (70°) nanoparticles with higher polydispersity and in a lower proportion are obtained. The results suggest that the alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus can act as reducing agents and that the optimum pH value for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles corresponds to 10.
Formal modelling of the electricity markets: the example of the load reduction of electricity mechanism “NEBEF”
Authors: Selot Florian , Robisson Bruno , Vaglio-Gaudard Claire , Gil-Quijano Javier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The liberalisation of the electricity market initiated at the beginning of the 21st century has opened it to new parties. To ensure the growth of participants’ number will support the system’s balance, the EU regulation 2019/943 confirms that “all market participants should be financially responsible of the imbalances they cause”. In their respective area, the transmission system operators develops the regulation in compliance with this condition. However, as the regulation takes into account the new realities of the market such as renewables, the interactions between the participants become more complex. One of the risks is that the imbalance of an actor may not be due to its own actions, not complying with the EU regulation then. To analyse this kind of implicit condition, we propose a formal approach to model the exchanges of energy. Using the French regulation as a base, we model the participants and their interactions in the form of symbolic equations using the energy-related terms as variables. In this paper, to illustrate the model we will use to analyse the entire electricity market, we apply it to the NEBEF mechanism only. This mechanism is dedicated to the selling of demand response in France and introduces a third party between the final producer and the final consumer: the demand response operator. We model the mechanism and analyse how the mechanism complies with the balancing responsibility. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism complies with the regulation but there are some limits due to the calculation method of the reference consumption.
Adsorptive removal of chromium (VI) from synthetic waters using magnetic lignocellulosic composites
Authors: Medina-Espinosa Tanya , Asimbaya Christopher , Galeas Salomé , Rosas-Laverde Nelly M. , Debut Alexis , Guerrero Víctor H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The removal of heavy metals from water is one of the major challenges that humanity must address to avoid negative potential impacts on the environment and human health. During the last few years, several adsorbents have been examined, in a search for highly efficient and cost-effective materials. In this work, we investigated the use of laurel, canelo and eucalyptus lignocellulosic sawdust residues (LRs) impregnated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP), to remove Cr6+ ions. Each LR was added to an aqueous solution in which MNP were being synthesized by coprecipitation. Two composite adsorbents were obtained, with LR:MNP ratios of 1:1 and 3:1. The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained showed that the laurel composite was the best adsorbent, reaching a maximum removal efficiency and capacity of 99.8 % and 30.5 mg/g, respectively. The optimal contact time was 30 min and the process fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, showing small effects of the fraction of sawdust residues used to support the MNP. Further studies will be performed to optimize the composition of the composites aiming to reduce the amount of costly MNP used while ensuring a high removal performance.
Measuring Commuters’ Behavior and Preference Towards Sustainable Mobility: Case Study of Suburban Context of Pathumthani, Thailand
Authors: Iamtrakul Pawinee , Klaylee Jirawan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Urban mobility has been facing changing circumstances globally including congestion, air and noise pollution, climate change which search for alternatives to mitigate the influence of fossil fuels consumption, urbanization and the impacts of new technology. Cities are currently facing ever greater social challenges in respect of the environment, transport, health and social cohesion. Especially, suburban city context represents the commuting patterns behavior differs from the general populations. This study focuses on an analysis of the behavior and preference of commuters on mobility options in relation to the perspective of the development of energy-efficient systems of the future mobility choice. This study applied factor analysis with principal component method to identify the subjective factors based on travellers’ attitude and perception comparative with their current travel choices and recommend suitable measurements. The consideration of suburban context could then be determined together with demand management scheme in term of sustainable transport system in Pathumthani, Thailand as a pilot case for suburban regions.
Repellent activity of three essential oils against dengue and filarial vector mosquitoes
Authors: Meisyara D , Tarmadi D , Zulfitri A , Fajar A , Himmi S K , Kartika T , Guswenrivo I , Yusuf S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Cymbopogon nardus, Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus sinensis have been well known to possess insecticidal activity. Here, we investigated the repellent activity of individual of three essential oils (C. nardus, S. aromaticum, C. sinensis) and a combination of essential oils (C. nardus + C. sinensis, C. nardus + S. aromaticum, and C. sinensis + S. aromaticum) against a dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and a filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. The essential oils (1 mg) were smeared evenly on the surface of the left arm (three volunteers) and then subjected to 25 females of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus in the cage. The number of landed mosquitos was observed every hour for 7 hours to determine the protection index (PI). The result showed that individuals of three essential oils and a combination of essential oils generated > 90% of PI until 7 hours of application for both mosquitos species tested. Overall, the data demonstrated that individual of three essential oils, i.e., C. nardus, S. aromaticum, C. sinensis, and various combinations of essential oils (C. nardus + C. sinensis; C. nardus + S. aromaticum; C. sinensis + S. aromaticum) are promising as repellent agents against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus.
Stemflow and throughfall on several tree architectural models
Authors: Wibowo R Y K S , Hermawan R , Rushayati S B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of developing urban forests for steep areas is to prevent erosion. Erosion can be caused by stemflow and throughfall. The difference in stemflow and throughfall is thought to be due to differences in the tree architecture model. The study investigates the effects of several tree architectural models on the amount of stemflow and throughfall. It is hoped that data and information of this research can be taken into consideration in selecting tree species for the benefit of soil and water conservation in urban forest areas that have the potential for erosion and sedimentation. The collection and processing of data comprised the rainfall data obtained from Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency, measurement of leaf area index using a hemispherical photograph and Hemiview 2.1 software, measurement of stemflow and throughfall in five tree architectural models (Massart, Aubreville, Koriba, Rauh, and Troll). Afterward, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables is known through multiple linear regression analysis using Minitab 16 software. The result showed that the tree architectural model influences stemflow and throughfall. The tree architectural model with the highest stemflow and throughfall is Rauh, and the lowest belongs to the Massart architectural model. The tree architectural model that can be used for land and water conservation is Massart; the species is Diospyros discolor Willd.
The challenges of forest bathing tourism in Indonesia: A case study in Sudaji Village, Bali
Authors: Dahlan M Z , Dewi M R , Putri V O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Forest bathing or Shinrin-Yoku in Japanese is known as a traditional practice of engaging oneself in nature by using all five senses. This practice provides some preventive health and healing functions, but more examples of good practice are still needed. Concerning the scientific evidence related to the effect of forest bathing in promoting health, this study aims to identify the potential of a traditional agricultural landscape in Sudaji Village as forest-bathing tourism. Landscape Characteristic Assessment was used to analyze the potentials and constraints of various landscape types and to propose a recommendation for bridging towards sustainable rural tourism. Findings show that Sudaji Village has a high potential to promote its forested landscape, agricultural land, and Subak as its socio-ecological system, river, mountain, as well as socio-cultural activities related to agriculture. Furthermore, the use of all human five senses is strongly related to Panca Tan Matra’s philosophical concept that is believed to be the way to communicate with God. This study promotes the potential of forest bathing as a prospective rural development strategy through tourism. In addition, strengthening the role of local communities is crucial to ensure that their natural and cultural resources of great potential be developed as tourist objects and attractions.
Tree form morphometrics of Agathis dammara and Acacia mangium in the IPB’s Dramaga Landscape Campus, Bogor
Authors: Karlinasari L , Adzkia U , Fredisa Y , Rahman M M , Nugroho N , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTree growth comprises diverse tree forms and crown shapes that are influenced by the growing space and are related to biomechanical responses. Due to the complex structures of tree forms and crown architecture, more understanding of their functions is necessary. The study aimed to evaluate the morphometrics of two tree species of contrasting tree forms. Each represents excurrent and decurrent crown architectures located in the Dramaga Campus Landscape, Bogor. Morphometric analysis was conducted on those two species, namely excurrent agathis (n=23 trees) and decurrent mangium (n= 15 trees). The morphometric analysis was carried out for several basic growth variables such as diameter at breast height, total height, and crown height. In addition, other variables and parameters were also assessed, namely live crown ratio, slenderness ratio, crown diameter, crown projection area, crown index, and coefficient of space for growth. The results showed that the average diameters of agathis and mangium trees in this study were 0.49 and 0.48 m, respectively, while the average heights were 24.63 m and 18.23 m, respectively. The live crown ratio of both trees was more than 80%. The average slenderness ratio for agathis trees was 50.66 higher than that of mangium trees (40.64). The crown projection areas for agathis and mangium were 37.60 m2and 69.69 m2, respectively. On the other hand, the crown index of agathis was 3.20, and mangium was 1.84. The coefficient of space for the growth of agathis and mangium was 0.14. and 0.19. The information related to tree morphometry is important for tree management, especially in evaluating healthy and steady tree stands.
Is leaning trees of Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume related to their crown architecture?
Authors: Rachmadiyanto A N , Karlinasari L , Nandika D , Witono J R , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume (Dipterocarpaceae) or locally known as resak rawa is an important tree. It is categorized as vulnerable regarding the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Species. We can find the resak rawa tree collection in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, which serves as a place for research and tourism. Due to the diversity in individual tree anatomy within species, understanding correlation among individual tree traits, particularly crown architecture and tree leaning, is of great interest. That will be important because the leaning trees and crown architecture will affect the risk level to the safety of visitors. We can also use the architecture of the tree crown to understand the factors that influence tree growth. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the leaning trees and the crown architecture of V. pauciflora. Eight heritage trees of the species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens at the age of 54–105 years old were purposely, sampled in this study. The variables observed were height, trunk and crown diameter, leaning tree, live crown ratio, and direction of the main branches. The results show that crown shapes will follow the leaning trees with a correlation of 0.97. The main branches will be longer in the direction of the leaning trees (y=0.9956x+11.312; R²=0.9431). Suggestions to the management of V. pauciflora are to provide information boards to visitors and pruning the crown in the direction of the leaning trees is needed. The findings could be used to formulate mitigation measures as to the risk and safety of visitors.