bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified cardiac triage strategy reduces door to ECG time in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Su Hung-Yuan , Tsai Jen-Long , Hsu Yin-Chou , Lee Kuo-Hsin , Chang Chao-Sheng , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Wang Yu-Han , Chi Shu-Ching , Hsu Chih-Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTimely performing electrocardiography (ECG) is crucial for early detection of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). For shortening door-to-ECG time, a chief complaint-based “cardiac triage” protocol comprising (1) raising alert among medical staff with bedside triage tags, and (2) immediate bedside ECG after focused history-taking was implemented at the emergency department (ED) in a single tertiary referral center. All patients diagnosed with STEMI visiting the ED between November 2017 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the effectiveness of strategy before and after implantation. Analysis of a total of 117 ED patients with STEMI (pre-intervention group, n = 57; post-intervention group, n = 60) showed significant overall improvements in median door-to-ECG time from 5 to 4 min (p = 0.02), achievement rate of door-to-ECG time < 10 min from 45 to 57% (p = 0.01), median door-to-balloon time from 81 to 70 min (p < 0.01). Significant trends of increase in achievement rates for door-to-ECG and door-to-balloon times (p = 0.032 and p = 0.002, respectively) was noted after strategy implementation. The incidences of door-to-ECG time > 10 min for those with initially underestimated disease severity (from 90 to 10%, p < 0.01) and walk-in (from 29.2 to 8.8%, p = 0.04) were both reduced. In conclusion, a chief complaint-based “cardiac triage” strategy successfully improved the quality of emergency care for STEMI patients through reducing delays in diagnosis and treatment.
How Are Stakeholders With Autism Spectrum Disorder Included in the Social Validation of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Research? A Scoping Review
Authors: Bastable Kirsty , Klopper Sandra , Samuels Alecia , Dada Shakila 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Social validation or the inclusion of stakeholders in the research process is beneficial, as it may decrease bias, increases efficacy, and prevents harm. For direct stakeholders such as individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), social validation has mostly included participants who do not experience significant speech, language, and communication limitations while frequently omitting individuals with ASD who have complex communication needs (CCN). The presence of CCN indicates that augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies are needed for individuals to express themselves. Social validation should not be limited to being participants in an intervention but should include involvement in the research process. This requires an understanding of the current trends, levels, and mechanisms of involvement in AAC research.

Purpose
This review aimed to identify and describe the inclusion of direct stakeholders with ASD in the social validation of AAC research.

Method
A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews) methodology to identify AAC research that included stakeholders with ASD (direct and indirect) for social validation and to evaluate their level of involvement using the Typology of Youth Participation and Empowerment pyramid framework.

Results
Twenty-four studies were identified. Studies primarily included indirect stakeholders (e.g., caregivers) giving in-depth perspectives, while direct stakeholders were limited to being intervention participants.

Conclusions
Voices of direct stakeholders with ASD and CCN remain limited or excluded in research. Reasons for the exclusion of individuals with ASD and CCN from research and strategies for future inclusion are raised and discussed.
A Literature Review: Evidence Base in Speech-Language Pathology for the Management of Pediatric Oral Phase Dysphagia
Authors: Muldoon Deirdre , Meyer Laura , Cortese Jenna , Zaleski Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
A review was conducted of published literature regarding management of feeding difficulties at the oral phase of feeding in children with autism spectrum disorder and/or developmental disability. The articles selected were open access or free for speech-language pathologist (SLP) members of their professional bodies. The specific research question was: What research and evidence-based practice articles have been published in the SLP literature to assist SLPs in the implementation of evidence-based practice for children with challenges during the oral phase dysphagia?

Method
Initial inclusion criteria were articles published in English, published in SLP journals, discussed management of behavioral feeding difficulties and oral phase dysphagia, and were published between 2008 and 2018. Exclusion criteria for this review included articles that addressed dysphagia for participants who were medically fragile, used pharmacological intervention, or studies that included adults. A comprehensive search was conducted of ASHAWire, the Speech-Language and Audiology Canada website, the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapy of the United Kingdom and the website Speech Pathology Australia. Articles were analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and using a modified feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, effectiveness framework for qualitative case studies. Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient across four raters.

Results
All but one of the articles included for this review were qualitative articles containing descriptions of strategies or case studies (e.g., food chaining), were not peer reviewed, but did constitute evidence-based practice as outlined by American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (i.e., were either Level III or Level IV evidence-based strategies or intervention models).

Conclusion
The review highlighted the need for additional research in SLP designed to answer questions about the management of functional skills in feeding and eating for the population of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental disability, patients who are increasingly on caseloads of SLPs.
Structure for fast photonic medium on application of SDM communication using SiO2 doped with GeO2, and F Materials
Authors: Behera Bhagyalaxmi , Varshney Shailendra K. , Mohanty Mihir N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work presents a new approach for the design of an FMF with a Gaussian core and a trench in the cladding. For the proposed few‐mode fibre (FMF), Fused Silica (SiO2) is considered as a host‐material, whereas Germanium Oxide(GeO2) and Fluorine(F)are taken as the dopant for large data transmission. The mole percentages of the dopant material along with the fibre profile parameters are varied to achieve 10 linearly polarized (LP) modes through the proposed FMF. The proposed FMF structure is tested and verified through simulated experiments. The results indicate the proposed FMF structure with the mole percentage 11.5% of GeO2, 2% of F, and the normalized full‐width‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of the core in the range of 4 to 10 supports 10 LP modes in the order of LP01, LP11, LP21, LP02, LP31, LP12, LP41, LP22, LP03, and LP51. The effective index difference (Δneff) between the adjacent LP modes is maintained greater than and a weakly coupled 10x10 Gbps SDM transmission link is established through intensity‐modulation and direct‐detection (IM/DD) using the proposed Gaussian core‐FMF. The link performance is analysed, verified and an acceptable bit‐error‐rate (BER) of 10−20 is achieved over 50 km without amplifiers.
Embolischer Schlaganfall mit ungeklärter Emboliequelle (ESUS) – Klassifikation einer neuen Schlaganfallentität
Authors: Kitsiou Alkisti , Zuhorn Frédéric , Wachter Rolf , Israel Carsten Walter , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger , Rogalewski Andreas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAls embolischer Schlaganfall mit ungeklärter Emboliequelle (ESUS) wird eine Subgruppe kryptogener Schlaganfälle bezeichnet, welche durch ein embolisches Infarktmuster definiert werden, wenn gleichzeitig trotz einer sorgfältig durchgeführten Diagnostik keine eindeutige und spezifische Emboliequelle identifiziert werden kann. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Grundlagen des ESUS-Konzepts analysiert und ein Überblick über die Evidenz jüngster Kohortenstudien gegeben. Es werden die Definition, Ätiologie und die Diagnostik eines ESUS neu bewertet. Durch eine gezielte Diagnostik bei ESUS-Patienten kann die Anzahl kryptogener Schlaganfälle durch Stellen einer spezifischen Diagnose reduziert werden.
The Effectiveness of Corneal Epithelial Debridement Performed with an Alcohol-Impregnated Sponge
Authors: Altinbay Deniz , Taskin Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent corneal surgery with debridement of epithelium by localised application of an alcohol-impregnated sponge instead of the usual alcohol reservoir method.
Design This study retrospectively included 52 eyes of 27 patients who underwent LASEK (laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy) and CXL (cross-linking) surgery after application of this alcohol-assisted debridement method between January 2019 and April 2019.
Participants Twenty-four patients who underwent LASEK and three patients who underwent CXL surgery were included in this study, which comprised a total of 52 eye operations.
Methods Epithelial debridement was performed after placing a 20% ethanol-impregnated sponge on the cornea for 20 seconds.
Results The mean pachymetry value was 509.40 ± 30.37 µm, the mean preoperative spherical equivalent was − 2.14 ± 1.02 dioptres, and the highest myopia and astigmatism values were − 4.25 dioptres and − 2.75 dioptres, respectively. It was seen that the corneal epithelium was completely and easily debrided in a size identical to that of the applied sponge.
Conclusions Complete debridement of the corneal epithelium can be performed quickly, safely, and easily with this specially prepared sponge.
Ungewöhnliche Spätmanifestation einer reaktivierten Tuberkulose in der Immunseneszenz nach 9 Dekaden Latenz
Authors: Früh Jonas , Stich August , Müller Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Tuberkulose ist eine oft unterschätzte Infektionskrankheit, welche auch nach jahrelanger Latenz reaktiviert werden kann. Sowohl die primäre als auch die postprimäre Form manifestieren sich am häufigsten pulmonal, jedoch kann auch jedes andere Organ befallen werden.
Anamnese Eine 95-jährige Patientin wurde zur Abklärung einer lokal begrenzten, schmerzhaften Schwellung des rechten Fußes aufgenommen. Trotz des fortgeschrittenen Alters bestanden keine Vorerkrankungen.
Untersuchung und Diagnose Klinisch bestand am rechten Fußrücken eine 5 cm große fluktuierende hyperämische Schwellung ohne Fistelung. Radiologisch zeigte sich eine komplette Destruktion regulärer Strukturen vom Bereich des rechten oberen Sprunggelenks bis zu den Basen der Ossa metatarsalia.
Therapie und Verlauf Intraoperativ stellte sich der Befund als Abszess dar, aus welchem kulturell der Nachweis von Mycobacterium tuberculosis gelang. In der Magnetresonanztomografie konnte eine Osteomyelitis nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Dauer der antituberkulösen Standardtherapie wurde dementsprechend auf insgesamt 9 Monate festgelegt.
Folgerung Bei unklaren Infektionen sollte gerade bei Patienten in der Immunseneszenz immer auch die Möglichkeit einer primären oder postprimären Tuberkulosemanifestation bedacht werden.
mpMRI of the Prostate (MR-Prostatography): Updated Recommendations of the DRG and BDR on Patient Preparation and Scanning Protocol
Authors: Franiel Tobias , Asbach Patrick , Beyersdorff Dirk , Blondin Dirk , Kaufmann Sascha , Mueller-Lisse Ullrich Gerd , Quentin Michael , Rödel Stefan , Röthke Matthias , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Schimmöller Lars ,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft e. V. (DRG),   Vorstand des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Radiologen (BDR)
Published: March 2021

The Working Group Uroradiology and Urogenital Diagnosis of the German Roentgen Society (DRG) revised and updated the recommendations for preparation and scanning protocol of the multiparametric MRI of the Prostate in a consensus process and harmonized it with the managing board of German Roentgen Society and Professional Association of the German Radiologist (BDR e. V.). These detailed recommendation define the referenced “validated quality standards” of the German S3-Guideline Prostate Cancer and describe in detail the topic 1. anamnestic datas, 2. termination of examinations and preparation of examinations, 3. examination protocol and 4. MRI-(in-bore)-biopsy.
Key Points:

Citation Format
High voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on avalanche transistor Marx bank circuit and linear transformer driver
Authors: Deng Zichen , Yuan Qi , Shen Saikang , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Yanan , Ding Weidong 
Published: March 2021

Avalanche transistor Marx bank circuits (MBCs) are widely used in high voltage repetitive nanosecond pulse generators, but problems exist with respect to increasing the output voltage due to the limited pulsed current. Accordingly, a novel topology based on an avalanche transistor MBC combined with a linear transformer driver is proposed, the latter of which exhibits advantageous stress distribution and modular structure. A four-module prototype with four units in each module is developed in the laboratory. The output characteristics are investigated by varying important parameters such as the main capacitance, the number of conducting units, the number of cascaded modules, and the trigger signal time delay. The test results verify the validity of the proposed topology. For a 50 Ω resistive load, the prototype can generate pulses with an amplitude of 10.9 kV, a rise time of 3.3 ns, and a voltage superposition efficiency of 89%. The topology proposed in this paper may help to provide a method to further improve the output performance of avalanche transistor MBCs.
A time course transcriptomic analysis of host and injected oncogenic cells reveals new aspects of
Drosophila
immune defenses
Authors: Chen Di , Roychowdhury-Sinha Arghyashree , Prakash Pragya , Lan Xiao , Fan Wenmin , Goto Akira , Hoffmann Jules A. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Injection of oncogenic RasV12 cells into male flies induces the up-regulation of several hundreds of genes, many of which code for chemoreceptors, but not for proteins involved in the classical fly defenses against foreign invaders (e.g., microbes). Injection further induces stress-related and inflammatory-like responses within the flies. Over time, the injected cells change their transcriptomic profiles within the host, and a majority evolve into classical antimicrobial immune response cells. The roles of the chemoreceptors in the reactions to oncogenic cells, the identities of the ligands, the molecular and cellular responses induced in the flies, and the dialogue established over time between the host and the injected cells open challenging new avenues of studies.
Theoretical and experimental study of the looping pendulum
Authors: Wang Yujing , Shi Yujun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the looping pendulum phenomenon proposed by the International Young Physicists’ tournament (IYPT) in 2019 with experiments and theoretical model based on Newtonian mechanics. When using high-speed video to measure the motion of objects, the acceleration measurement error may worsen significantly at a high frame rate due to position uncertainty. This issue is emphasized and can be resolved by additionally using a wireless acceleration sensor. The falling acceleration curves of heavy-load given by our theoretical model are in good agreement with the experimental measurement data. The mass ratio-release angle parameter space for a successful demonstration is given by numerical simulation, showing that a large value of heavy-light mass ratio should be more likely to make a successful demonstration experiment. The experiments reported here are appropriate for junior undergraduates to carry out experimental research.
On Calderón’s inverse inclusion problem with smooth shapes by a single partial boundary measurement
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Tsou Chun-Hsiang , Yang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider Calderón’s inverse inclusion problem of recovering the shape of an anomalous inhomogeneity embedded in a homogeneous conductivity by the associated electric boundary measurements. It is a longstanding problem whether one can establish the unique recovery result by a single boundary measurement. In several existing works, it is shown that corner singularities can help to resolve the problem within polygonal or polyhedral shapes. In this paper, under a generic technical condition, we show that the corner singularity can be relaxed to be a certain high-curvature condition and derive novel unique recovery results within smooth shapes.
Micro hole drilling of high frequency printed circuit board containing hard fillers
Authors: Shi Hongyan , Liu Xianwen , Gao Zhisen , Huang Guang , Tao Sha , Fu Lianyu , Liang Xiong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High frequency printed circuit board (PCB), as the significant support for 5G technology, has been receiving intense attention from the increasing number of scholars. Concerning precision fabrication of high frequency PCBs, micro hole drilling is deemed as one of the extremely crucial challenges. In this study, the coated drill bits’ wear and micro hole quality were investigated through the drilling experiments of high frequency PCBs. Results showed that two kinds of coated drill bits exhibited well in terms of hole registration accuracy. Using diamond like carbon coated drill bits could obtain fewer burrs than drilled with diamond coated drill bits before drilling 200 holes, but the burr height increased very slowly with the increment of hole number when using diamond coated drill bits. Taking the combination of aluminum sheet and phenolic aldehyde board as the entry board was conducive to obtaining less burr, and the micro drill bits with helix angles of 40° and 42° were contributed to achieving less burr too. Additionally, decreasing the feed rate could lessen the hole blocking.
Pentagonal B2N3-based 3D metallic boron nitride with high energy density
Authors: Shen Yiheng , Xie Huanhuan , Wang Qian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Different from conventional insulating or semiconducting boron nitride, metallic BN has received increasing attention in recent years as its intrinsic metallicity grants it great potential for broad applications. In this study, by assembling the experimentally synthesized pentagonal B2N3 units, we have proposed the first pentagon-based three-dimensional (3D) metallic boron nitride, labeled penta-B4N7. First-principles calculations together with molecular dynamics simulations and convex hull diagram show that penta-B4N7 is not only thermally, dynamically and mechanically stable, but also three dimensionally metallic. A detailed analysis of its electronic structure reveals that the intrinsic metallicity comes from the delocalized electrons in the partially occupied antibonding N–N π orbitals. Equally important, the energy density of penta-B4N7 is found to be 4.07 kJ g−1, which is the highest among that of all the 3D boron nitrides reported so far.
Model reduction techniques for quantitative nano-mechanical AFM mode
Authors: Chang X , Hallais S , Roux S , Danas K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recently developed atomic force microscope process, the PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) mode, allows us to probe over a large spatial region surface topography together with a variety of mechanical properties (e.g. apparent modulus, adhesion, viscosity). The resulting large set of data often exhibits strong coupling between material response and surface topography. This letter proposes the use of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique to analyze and segment the force-indentation data obtained by the PF-QNM mode in a highly efficient and robust manner. Two examples illustrate the proposed methodology. In the first one, low-density polyethylene nanopods are deposited on a polystyrene film. The second is made of carbonyl iron particles embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The proposed POD method permits us to seamlessly identify the underlying phase constituents in both samples and decouple them from the surface topography by compressing voluminous force-indentation data into a subset with a much lower dimensionality.
Two-dimensional talc as a van der Waals material for solid lubrication at the nanoscale
Authors: Vasić Borislav , Czibula Caterina , Kratzer Markus , R A Neves Bernardo , Matković Aleksandar , Teichert Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Talc is a van der Waals and naturally abundant mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Two-dimensional (2D) talc could be an alternative to hBN as van der Waals dielectric in 2D heterostructures. Furthermore, due to its good mechanical and frictional properties, 2D talc could be integrated into various hybrid microelectromechanical systems, or used as a functional filler in polymers. However, properties of talcas one of the main representatives of the phyllosilicate (sheet silicates) group are almost completely unexplored when ultrathin crystalline films and monolayers are considered. We investigate 2D talc flakes down to single layer thickness and reveal their efficiency for solid lubrication at the nanoscale. We demonstrate by atomic force microscopy based methods and contact angle measurements that several nanometer thick talc flakes have all properties necessary for efficient lubrication: a low adhesion, hydrophobic nature, and a low friction coefficient of 0.10 ± 0.02. Compared to the silicon-dioxide substrate, 2D talc flakes reduce friction by more than a factor of five, adhesion by around 20%, and energy dissipation by around 7%. Considering our findings, together with the natural abundance of talc, we put forward that 2D talc can be a cost-effective solid lubricant in micro- and nano-mechanical devices.
Porous and hydrophobic graphene-based core–shell sponges for efficient removal of water contaminants
Authors: Wu Shiting , Xing Zhihao , Yuan Yongjun , Bai Wangfeng , Bao Liang , Pei Lang , Zhang Huaiwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water pollution is a global environmental problem that has attracted great concern, and functional carbon nanomaterials are widely used in water treatment. Here, to optimize the removal performance of both oil/organic matter and dye molecules, we fabricated porous and hydrophobic core–shell sponges by growing graphene on three-dimensional stacked copper nanowires. The interconnected pores between the one-dimensional nanocore–shells construct the porous channels within the sponge, and the multilayered graphene shells equip the sponge with a water contact angle over 120° even under acidic and alkaline environments, which enables fast and efficient cleanup of oil on or under the water. The core–shell sponge can absorb oil or organic solvents with densities 40–90 times its own, and its oil-sorption capacity is much larger than those of other porous materials like activated carbon and loofah. On the other hand, the adsorption behavior of the core–shell sponge to dyes including methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG), also common water pollutants, was also measured. Dynamic adsorption of MG under cyclic compression demonstrated a higher adsorption rate than that in the static state, and an acidic environment was favorable for the adsorption of MO molecules. Finally, the adsorption isotherm for MO molecules was analyzed and fitted with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics were studied in depth as well.