bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of chemically induced hair damage by means of treatment based on proteins and polysaccharides
Authors: Camargo Jr Flávio Bueno , Minami Marcos Magoiti , Rossan Marcos Roberto , Magalhães Wagner Vidal , Porto Ferreira Vitória Tonini , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is currently a great interest not only in developing products for the protection and recovery of chemically damaged hair, but also in developing effective protocols to investigate the impact of chemical treatments and attest the efficacy of innovative hair care products. Among the most relevant cosmetic treatments for hair are bleaching and coloring, which have been shown to significantly impair mechanical and structural properties.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the damage induced by hair bleaching and coloring and to evaluate the protective effects of a hair care treatment based on integral silk proteins (fibroin and sericin) and vegetable‐derived polysaccharides from linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.).MethodsHair swatches were subjected to different treatment protocols in order to evaluate the protective effect of proposed and benchmark products during bleaching and coloring processes. Tensile tests were performed to assess mechanical properties and improvement in resistance to breakage. Goniophotometric measurements were applied to determine improvement in luster. Hair fiber surface and relief were evaluated by SEM image analysis.ResultsSwatches bleached and treated with both evaluated products had a significant increase in resistance and reduced structural damage. Swatches colored and treated with both evaluated products showed reduced structural damage, and a significant increase in resistance and luster after the 1st and 5th washes.ConclusionsThe proposed product was effective in protecting and repairing bleached and colored swatches, improving resistance and luster and reducing structural damage. By applying complementary techniques within a reliable evaluation protocol, it was possible to attest the protective properties of the product under study.
The impact of blood sampling technique, including the use of peripheral intravenous cannula, on haemolysis rates: A cohort study
Authors: Jacob Elisabeth , Jacob Alycia , Davies Hugh , Jacob Darren , Jenkins Mark , Husain Margaret , Coventry Linda 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo explore the relationship between blood sampling techniques and haemolysis.BackgroundHaemolysis rates of blood samples have been thought to be influenced by the method of collection. There is a lack of research evidence available to clearly show the comparative risk of haemolysis across different blood sampling methods, including venepuncture and use of peripheral intravenous cannulas.DesignA prospective cohort study. Reporting followed the STROBE checklist.MethodsA trained observer was used to record blood sampling techniques over a 10‐week period between April and June 2019. These records were then linked to pathology haemolysis results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model patient and blood draw characteristics affecting haemolysis.ResultsMost of the blood samples were not haemolysed (n = 324, 87.1%). Multivariable analysis showed haemolysis was associated with increased tourniquet duration and if the level of tube was less than half full. Univariable analysis showed haemolysis was associated with increased age of the patient, the difficulty of cannulation/ venepuncture and increased number of attempts. No difference was found in the haemolysis rate related to the qualification of the blood collector.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in haemolysis rates associated with sampling blood from a PIVC compared with venepuncture. Research should be undertaken to determine whether education on the factors influencing haemolysis is useful in decreasing haemolysis rates.Relevance to clinical practiceThere was no association with increased haemolysis rates when drawing blood via venepuncture compared with a peripheral intravenous cannula. Haemolysis of blood samples was associated with increased tourniquet duration, if level of the tube was less than half‐filled, increased age of the patient and difficulty of blood draw. Awareness of the risk of haemolysis associated with specific blood sampling methods may assist clinicians to improve care.
Patients’ expectations and experiences of being involved in their own care in the emergency department: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Eriksson‐Liebon M. , Roos S. , Hellström I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate patients’ experiences of being involved in their care in the emergency department (ED).BackgroundPrevious research shows that when patients experience involvement during care visits, this increased their trust in the care, gave a sense of control and promoted their autonomy.DesignA qualitative descriptive design with semi‐structured interviews, using the "Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research" (COREQ) checklist.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 patients in the ED.ResultsThe study identified four categories: attention and inattention; communication and understanding; varying levels of participation; and inefficient and inaccessible care. The results show that patients expected to be treated with respect and to be involved in an open dialogue about their care. Patients’ experiences of participation were related to their sense of control.ConclusionsBased on the results of the study, the authors found that factors such as dialogue, information, attention and participation affected the patients’ involvement during the ED visit. Experiences of involvement and control were linked to patients’ experiences of care and of patients as individuals.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers’ awareness of the importance of paying attention to the patient as an individual, and of the need for simple, continuous communication could facilitate patient involvement in own care.
‘The Woman Gives’: Exploring gender and relationship factors in HIV advance care planning among African American caregivers
Authors: Maragh‐Bass Allysha C. , Hendricks Sloan Danetta , Aimone Elizabeth V. , Knowlton Amy R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectiveAdvance care planning (ACP) is the communication process of documenting future healthcare preferences in case patients are unable to make healthcare decisions for themselves. Research suggests ACP discussions among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) are infrequent overall and may differ by gender and/or race.BackgroundPrevious literature has displayed that African Americans are less likely than other racial groups to use advanced care planning, palliative care or hospice, but does not conclusively account for ACP among PLHIV. African American PLHIV rely on informal care that may be differ by gender and represents an important pathway to increase ACP.DesignThe study was mixed methods and observational.MethodsParticipants completed self‐report surveys (N = 311) and were interviewed (n = 11). Poisson regression (quantitative) and grounded theory analyses (qualitative) were implemented, using COREQ checklist principles to ensure study rigor.ResultsLess than half had discussed ACP (41.2%; N = 267). More ACP knowledge predicted 76% lower likelihood of ACP discussions among women. Men who spent more time caregiving in a given week were nearly 3 times more likely to discuss ACP than men who spent less time caregiving. Women were more likely than men to be caregivers and were also expected to serve in that role more than men, which was qualitatively described as ‘being a woman’.ConclusionsThe present study is one of few studies exploring ACP among caregivers in African American populations hardest hit by HIV. Results suggest that ACP skill building and education are critical for African Americans living with HIV to promote ACP discussions with their caregivers. Knowledge about ACP topics was low overall even when healthcare had recently been accessed. Support reciprocity and gender‐specific communication skill building may facilitate ACP in African American HIV informal caregiving relationships.Relevance to Clinical PracticeResults underscore the need for ACP education which includes healthcare providers and caregivers, given African Americans' preference for life‐sustaining treatments at end‐of‐life. ACP is crucial now more than ever, as COVID‐19 complicates care for older adults with HIV at high risk of complications.
Multiracial Children's Experiences of Family Instability
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Goldberg Rachel E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares multiracial and monoracial children's exposures to family instability, attending to variation by parents' marital status at birth.BackgroundPrevious research has revealed considerable racial/ethnic heterogeneity in children's exposure to family instability. Adding to this diversity is the rising share of multiracial and multiethnic children. Yet, multiracial and multiethnic children's experiences of family instability remain largely unexamined.MethodsData come from the 2006–2019 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative repeated cross‐section of U.S. adults of reproductive age. The analytic sample included 15,369 children born in first marriages and 8,612 children born in first cohabitations to non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic parents. Multistate life tables, negative binomial regression, and multinomial logistic regression were used to compare the number of family transitions and family trajectories of multiracial and monoracial children through age 12.ResultsDifferences in exposures to family instability between multiracial and monoracial children varied by parents' marital status at birth. Multiracial children born to cohabiting parents generally experienced more childhood family instability than their monoracial counterparts. Conversely, the family experiences of multiracial children born in first marriages typically fell between those of their monoracial counterparts.ConclusionGiven that higher shares of multiracial children are born within the context of cohabitation relative to their monoracial peers, these findings suggest that multiracial children may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing family instability.
Associations of high‐resolution‐typing‐defined MICA and MICB polymorphisms, and the levels of soluble MICA and MICB with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bulgarian patients
Authors: Ivanova Milena , Al Hadra Bushra , Yordanov Stanislav , Lesichkova Spaska , Stoyanov Hristo , Shivarov Velizar , Deliverska Elitsa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy characterized by an aggressive tumor growth and significant mortality. Clarifying mechanisms responsible for immunomodulation are among the main challenges for the development of personalized approaches for the management of patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The aim of the present study was to analyze the relevance of MICA and MICB to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma pathogenesis focusing on allele polymorphisms and the levels of soluble MICA and MICB molecules.Materials and methods73 patients diagnosed with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 149 healthy controls from the Bulgarian population were included in the study. MICA and MICB polymorphism was analyzed at high‐resolution level using Next‐Generation Sequencing. Serum levels of soluble MICA and MICB molecules were measured by ELISA.ResultsOur results show significant protective association with MICB*002:01, while relatively rare alleles MICB*018, *019, and *020 were observed with statistically significant increased frequency in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients compared to controls. Additionally, a predisposing association was observed for MICA*008:01‐MICB*019 haplotype. A correlation analysis between functionally relevant MICA polymorphisms and sMICA showed that homozygosity for MICA‐A5.1 or 129Val in OSCC patients was associated with significantly higher serum levels of sMICA.ConclusionThis is the first study showing significant associations between MICB alleles and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and suggesting the possible role of MICB in immunosurveillance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma development. Observed correlations between the levels of soluble MICA molecules and functionally relevant polymorphisms might represent a further step toward a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and developing strategies for therapeutic targeting harnessing effective immunosurveillance.
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 concentrations in healthy cats before and after weight gain and weight loss
Authors: Zini Eric , Salesov Elena , Willing Anke , Palizzotto Carlo , Lutz Thomas A. , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of serum concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 is used to diagnose acromegaly in cats.HypothesisChanges of body weight do not affect serum concentrations of IGF‐1 in cats.AnimalsTen healthy purpose‐bred cats.MethodsProspective study. In lean cats, food availability was stepwise increased during the first week and given ad libitum for a total of 40 weeks to increase their body weight. From week 41 to week 60, food access was limited to reach a weight loss of 1% to 2% each week. Measurement of IGF‐1 was performed at week 0, 16, 40, and 60. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Body weight and IGF‐1 were compared among the 4 time points.ResultsBody weight increased by 44% from week 0 (4.5 ± 0.4 kg) to week 40 (6.5 ± 1.2 kg) (P < .001) and decreased by 25% from week 40 to week 60 (4.9 ± 0.7 kg) (P < .001). Serum IGF‐1 concentrations did not differ during the study period (week 0, 16, 40, 60: 500 ± 188, 479 ± 247, 470 ± 184, 435 ± 154 ng/mL, respectively; P = .38). Correlations with body weight were not observed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 might not be influenced by changes of body weight in healthy cats, possibly suggesting that the latter is unimportant when interpreting IGF‐1 results in this species.
Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships
Authors: Bourgeois Bérenger , Munoz François , Gaba Sabrina , Denelle Pierre , Fried Guillaume , Storkey Jonathan , Violle Cyrille 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuestionsStudies in functional biogeography have mostly focused on unmanaged ecosystems, and neglected testing how management intensity affects community‐level response of plant traits to bioclimatic gradients. We hypothesize that trait–climate relationships for arable weeds spontaneously establishing in croplands subject to intensive management should differ from the relationships characterizing less intensively managed grassland ecosystems.LocationFrance.MethodsWe computed community‐weighted means (CWM) and variances (CWV) of 954 and 5,619 cropland and grassland plant assemblages, respectively, for three fundamental leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC; leaf nitrogen content, LNC). Based on growing season length accounting for both temperature and soil water limitations (GSLtw), we compared trait–climate relationships between herbicide‐free croplands and grasslands, and between herbicide‐free and herbicide‐sprayed cropland assemblages. The contribution of beta‐diversity to the trait–climate relationships was then evaluated using multiple regression on distance matrices.ResultsDistinct trait–climate relationships characterized herbicide‐free cropland and grassland plant assemblages. CWM of all traits showed weaker relations with GSLtw in cropland relative to grassland assemblages. CWV of LDMC and LNC responded more sharply in croplands. Furthermore, no herbicide effect on trait–climate relationships was detected within cropland assemblages. These results seem to be explained by a greater taxonomic beta‐diversity along the GSLtw gradient for grasslands.ConclusionsSpecific trait–environment relationships characterize croplands, underlining that management intensity greatly affects trait–climate relationships for plant assemblages. Deciphering the interplay between land use intensification and climate is critical to accurately forecast functional vegetation changes in response to global changes, and hence to foster actions enhancing ecosystem resilience.
Redox responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Authors: Xu Junhuan , Padilla Carmen S. , Li Jiamei , Wickramanayake Janithri , Fischer Hillary D. , Goggin Fiona L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a phloem‐feeding insect that causes economic damage on a wide array of crops. Using a luminol‐based assay, a superoxide‐responsive reporter gene (Zat12::luciferase), and a probe specific to hydrogen peroxide (HyPer), we demonstrated that this aphid induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Similar to the apoplastic oxidative burst induced by pathogens, this response to aphids was rapid and transient, with two peaks occurring within 1 and 4 hr after infestation. Aphid infestation also induced an oxidative response in the cytosol and peroxisomes, as measured using a redox‐sensitive variant of green fluorescent protein (roGFP2). This intracellular response began within minutes of infestation but persisted 20 hr or more after inoculation, and the response of the peroxisomes appeared stronger than the response in the cytosol. Our results suggest that the oxidative response to aphids involves both apoplastic and intracellular sources of ROS, including ROS generation in the peroxisomes, and these different sources of ROS may potentially differ in their impacts on host suitability for aphids.
The C4 protein encoded by Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus interferes with mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade‐related defense responses through inhibiting the dissociation of the ERECTA/BKI1 complex
Authors: Mei Yuzhen , Wang Yaqin , Hu Tao , He Zifu , Zhou Xueping 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in host defense against pathogens and are often activated by upstream plasma membrane leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases (LRR‐RLKs).

ERECTA (ER) is an LRR‐RLK that regulates plant developmental processes through activating MAPK cascades.

Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 protein interacts with BKI1, stabilizes it at the plasma membrane and impairs ER autophosphorylation through suppressing the dissociation of the BKI1/ER complex, and then inhibits the activation of downstream MAPK cascades, which ultimately creates a favorable environment for TLCYnV infection.

This study provides a novel viral strategy to impair MAPK activation.
High‐dose methotrexate‐induced epidermal necrosis in two pediatric patients
Authors: Ravi Manisha , Ridpath Alyson , Audino Anthony N. , Guinipero Terri , Chung Catherine , Fernandez Faith Esteban 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMethotrexate‐induced epidermal necrosis (MEN) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication. We present two pediatric oncology patients, a 5‐year‐old girl and a 3‐year‐old boy, who developed MEN from high‐dose methotrexate therapy for pre–B‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Following administration of systemic methotrexate, the patients developed erythematous lesions with subsequent skin erosions. Pre‐medication with systemic corticosteroids and administration of folinic acid rescue following the methotrexate infusion allowed both patients to resume their chemotherapy regimen with methotrexate.
Photobiological Effects on Biochemical Composition in Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) with a Biotechnological Application
Authors: Castro‐Varela Pablo A. , Celis‐Plá Paula S. M. , Abdala‐Díaz Roberto , Figueroa Félix L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study describes the relation of photosynthetic capacity, growth and biochemical compounds in the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum under saturated irradiance (200 μmol m−2 s−1) by white light (WL) and low‐pressure sodium vapor lamps (SOX lamps—control) and supplemented by fluorescent lamps (FLs) with different light qualities (blue: λmax = 440 nm; green: λmax = 560 nm; and red: λmax = 660 nm). The maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm) showed a positive correlation with the light quality by saturating light SOX in mixture with stimulating blue light than the white light (WL) at the harvest day (10 days). The production, that is maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax), and energy dissipation, that is maximal nonphotochemical quenching (NPQmax), had the same pattern throughout the time (3–6 days) being the values higher under white light (WL) compared with SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities. Total protein levels increased significantly in the presence of SOX light, while phycoerythrin (B‐PE) showed significant differences under SOX+ blue light. Arachidonic acid (ARA) was higher under SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities than that under WL, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the reverse. The high photomorphogenic potential by SOX light shows promising application for microalgal biotechnology.
Onset and duration of action of lokivetmab in a canine model of IL‐31 induced pruritus
Authors: Fleck Timothy J. , Norris Lori R. , Mahabir Sean , Walters Rodney R. , Martinon Olivier , Dunham Steven A. , Gonzales Andrea J. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInterleukin (IL)‐31 is a cytokine involved in allergic inflammation which induces pruritus across species including dogs. Using recombinant canine IL‐31 we have developed a model of pruritus in the dog to evaluate onset of action and duration of effect of therapeutic drugs.ObjectiveTo assess the onset of action and duration of effect of lokivetmab (Cytopoint) in the IL‐31‐induced pruritus model.AnimalsTwenty‐four purpose‐bred beagle dogs (neutered males, spayed and intact females) 1.5–4.7 years old and weighing between 6 and14 kg.Methods and materialsRandomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled studies were designed to evaluate the antipruritic properties of lokivetmab. Laboratory beagle dogs were given either placebo, 0.125, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, subcutaneously. IL‐31 then was administered to evaluate pruritus 3–5 h post‐placebo or ‐lokivetmab administration as well as one, seven, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post‐dosing. Pruritus was evaluated over a 2 h window in animals by video monitoring and scored using a categorical scoring system.ResultsWhen animals were given 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, a significant reduction in pruritus was observed at 3–4, 4–5 and 3–5 h post‐treatment (P ≤ 0.0001). When animals were given either 0.125, 0.5 or 2 mg/kg lokivetmab, the duration of effect was dose‐dependent and statistically significant for 14, 28 and 42 days, respectively (P ≤ 0.0288).ConclusionThese data indicate that a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg lokivetmab produces a significant suppression of pruritus starting 3 h post‐treatment that can be sustained for 42 days.