bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Hypothyroidism Can Dictate the Mode of Delivery and Intra-labor Medication Usage
Authors: Rosen Gil , Lavie Anat , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Almashanu Shlomo , Priel Meital , Many Ariel , Lebenthal Yael , Brener Avivit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pregnancy and parturition reflect the complex interaction between physiologic conditions of the mother and her offspring, and fetal health characteristics may affect maternal health throughout pregnancy and delivery. We investigated the characteristics of the mother-infant dyad of term infants detected by the National Newborn Screening Program as having congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (131 out of 108,717; 0.12%). Three years of surveillance in our Pediatric Endocrine Clinic revealed that 65 had transient CH and 66 had permanent CH. A higher proportion of deliveries of CH infants required vacuum assistance, and more infants with CH were born through a cesarean section compared to the general population (p<0.001). Medication during labor also differed, with higher rates of oxytocin (p<0.001) and antibiotics (p=0.008) administered to mothers of CH infants. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed an increased demand for oxytocin administration during the labor of a CH infant in a hypothyroidism severity-dependent manner, expressed as a threefold risk associated with permanent but not transient CH. Our findings of increased utilization of medical interventions during the labor and delivery of CH infants suggest that the prenatal fetal thyroid function affects the development and progress of labor and delivery, in response to oxytocin.
A Data-Driven Travel Mode Share Estimation Framework based on Mobile Device Location Data
Authors: Yang Mofeng , Pan Yixuan , Darzi Aref , Ghader Sepehr , Xiong Chenfeng , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mobile device location data (MDLD) contains abundant travel behavior information to support travel demand analysis. Compared to traditional travel surveys, MDLD has larger spatiotemporal coverage of the population and its mobility. However, ground truth information such as trip origins and destinations, travel modes, and trip purposes are not included by default. Such important attributes must be imputed to maximize the usefulness of the data. This paper targets at studying the capability of MDLD on estimating travel mode share at aggregated levels. A data-driven framework is proposed to extract travel behavior information from MDLD. The proposed framework first identifies trip ends with a modified Spatiotemporal Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (ST-DBSCAN) algorithm. Then three types of features are extracted for each trip to impute travel modes using machine learning models. A labeled MDLD dataset with ground truth information is used to train the proposed models, resulting in a 95% recall rate in identifying trip ends and a 93% 10-fold cross-validation accuracy in imputing the five travel modes (drive, rail, bus, bike and walk) with a Random Forest (RF) classifier. The proposed framework is then applied to two large-scale MDLD datasets, covering the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area and the United States, respectively. The estimated trip distance, trip time, trip rate distribution, and travel mode share are compared against travel surveys at different geographies. The results suggest that the proposed framework can be readily applied in different states and metropolitan regions with low cost in order to study multimodal travel demand, understand mobility trends, and support decision making.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Juul Else Marie Lysfjord , Hjemdal Odin , Aune Tore 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
This paper investigates levels of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents, 11–14 years of age. The population-based sample was assessed twice during a 12-month period. Point-prevalence, 12-month prevalence, and 12-month incidence were measured by a validated self-reported scale (SFMQ) and are presented in this paper.

Methods:
A total of 2148 pupils were invited to participate in this study, and 1748 pupils and at least one parent/guardian provided informed consent. The population was assessed twice within one 12-month period resulting in 1439 participants at both data collection points. Depressive symptoms were measured by a validated self-reported scale, The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ).

Results:
The results indicate that the point-prevalence was just under 10% in 6th to 10th grade with a 12-month prevalence at almost 3%. The results also indicate an incidence rate of 4.5% over 12-months. This study confirms that girls report a higher range of point prevalence, 12- month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that depressive symptoms among children and young adolescents is a serious health challenge. The results demonstrate substantial gender differences even at an early age (11-14 years), where girls report significantly higher point prevalence, 12-month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys. Results from this study suggest that depressive symptoms are an important problem that young adolescents face, and the study underlines the need for more intervention tailored to gender at the middle-school level, especially with respect to those children and adolescents who experience persistent depressive symptoms.
Effectiveness and safety of dexamphetamine sulfate (Attentin®) in the routine treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: results from a 12-month non-interventional study
Authors: Uebel-von Sandersleben Henrik , Dangel Oliver , Fischer Roland , Ruhmann Michaela , Huss Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Randomized controlled trials have shown that dexamphetamine sulfate (DEX) is efficacious in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents; however, data on the effectiveness and safety of DEX in routine practice are scarce.

Objective:
This study investigated the long-term effectiveness and safety of Attentin® (immediate-release DEX) in children and adolescents with ADHD in routine practice.

Methods:
ATTENTION was a multicenter, prospective, observational, non-interventional study that enrolled pediatric patients with ADHD (aged 6-17 years) with a clinically inadequate response to previous methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. Patients were assessed at baseline and two follow-up visits after approx. 6 and 12 months of DEX treatment. The primary endpoint was the investigator-rated ADHD rating scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score change from baseline to the first follow-up visit.

Results:
The study enrolled 140 patients (mean age: 11.2 years). Significant reductions in ADHD-RS-IV total scores were observed in the titration phase and were maintained up to the second follow-up visit. The mean ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline to the first follow-up visit was -11.9 (27.1 vs. 13.4, p < .001). Beneficial effects of DEX were observed on both ADHD-RS-IV subscales (‘hyperactivity/impulsivity’ and ‘inattention’) and in both children and adolescents. Clinical response, defined as a reduction in the ADHD-RS-IV total score of at least 30% at the first follow-up visit, was observed in 78.1% of patients. Patients reported an average onset of action of 36.2 minutes and an average duration of action of 6.5 hours after intake of the first dose of DEX in the morning. DEX was well tolerated. Small significant increases in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to baseline were observed.

Conclusions:
Attentin® is an effective and well-tolerated long-term treatment for pediatric ADHD patients with a clinically inadequate response to previous MPH treatment.
Metallic Nanomaterials with Mimic Oxidoreductase Enzyme Activity: New
Insight for Sensing and Biosensing
Authors: Huang Xuemin , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua , Lin Zhenyu 
Published: April 2021

:
It has been found that the metallic nanomaterials with mimetic enzyme activity have multiple
oxidoreductase-like enzyme activities, such as horseradish peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase,
oxidase, glucose oxidase, etc. In recent years, many applied researches based on these nanozymes
have been reported. This review summarizes three kinds of representative nanozymes, including metal
nanomaterials, MOFs, metal oxide nanomaterials, and their corresponding applications in sensing and
biosensing.
Evaluation of Consumer Sensory Acceptability and Shelf Life of Orangefleshed Sweet Potato-enriched Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Kebeya Nixon , Nduko John M. , Muliro Patrick S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Consumer interest in convenience foods is a new trend worldwide that is
expected to increase due to busy lifestyles. Studies have shown that sweet potato has unique
nutrients, which if incorporated into cheese, can make it a functional food. Food product
development process requires that before a product is commercialized, it is subjected to consumer
acceptability and shelf-life tests.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the sensory acceptability and shelf life of
mozzarella cheese that was enriched with orange-fleshed sweet potato to improve fiber content.
Methods: Mozzarella cheese was prepared with orange-fleshed sweet potato powder at 0% up to
5.5% at intervals of 0.5% and a seven-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate product
acceptability based on colour, aroma, acidity, texture, and fibrousness. Cluster analysis and
principal component analysis were carried out using Minitab® software. For shelf life, total
coliform count, E. coli, and yeasts and moulds counts were used.

Methods:
Mozzarella cheese was prepared with orange-fleshed sweet potato powder at 0% up to
5.5% at intervals of 0.5% and a seven-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate product
acceptability based on colour, aroma, acidity, texture, and fibrousness. Cluster analysis and
principal component analysis were carried out using Minitab® software. For shelf life, total
coliform count, E. coli, and yeasts and moulds counts were used.

Result:
Hedonic scores for all sensory attributes except color were not significantly (p>0.05)
different between control and treatments. Cluster analysis grouped the sensory attributes into 3
clusters (1-color; 2-aroma, texture and fibrousness; 3-taste and acidity). All the sensory attributes
loaded positively on component 1, while taste, acidity, and fibrousness loaded negatively on
component 2 of principal component analysis. Fresh cheese had no coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and
molds. The yeasts and molds were used to predict shelf life and their numbers were directly
proportional with the cheese storage period. The control samples had the longest predicted shelf
life of 42 days and the shelf life decreased with increase in orange-fleshed sweet potato
incorporation with a treatment of 5.5% orange-fleshed sweet potato having 29 days.

Conclusion:
: Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP)-enriched mozzarella cheese had similar
sensory acceptability as the control without OFSP. It should therefore be promoted as a
functional food with a possibility of using food grade anti-mold agents for extended shelf life.
Evaluation of the Role of Ghrelin and Leptin as Biochemical Markers in
Female with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmod Khalil , Alobaidi Amina Hamed Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder
in women of reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous complex disorder of defined aetiology.
Some studies report its association with various endocrine, metabolic and immunological abnormalities.
The hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin affect the pathogenesis of PCOS and might lead
to the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in obese women.

Aim:
The study aims at evaluating the role of ghrelin and leptin level in females with polycystic
ovary syndrome as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and monitoring progression.

Subjects and Methods:
The study included one hundred PCOS patients and fifty apparently
healthy subjects with regular menstrual cycle, visiting gynecology outpatient clinic of Kalar General
Hospital, from the beginning of February 2015 to the end of June 2015. Body Mass Index (BMI)
along with serum ghrelin, leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and testosterone levels were measured for both groups. Serum leptin was determined using sandwich
ELISA, while serum ghrelin was determined using competitive ELISA. Differences between
patient and control groups were assessed by using a t-test. Also, one-way Anova was used to test
the relationships among different groups.

Results:
A significant decrease in ghrelin level and an increase in leptin levels in women with
PCOS were observed compared to the control group. Also, a significant elevation in serum levels
of LH, Testosterone, Prolactin, and a decrease in serum FSH in PCOS patients were observed,
when compared to the control group. Additionally, serum ghrelin decreased and serum leptin level
increased significantly in women with PCOS compared to controls in all age and BMI groups.

Conclusion:
A significant decrease in ghrelin and an increase in leptin in PCOS patients were observed
than in controls, indicating that they are at high risk for metabolic syndrome development.
Performance of Shallow Building Foundations under Infrequent Rainfall Patterns at Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Farooq Qazi U. , Naqash Muhammad T. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:This research mainly emphasizes the sustainability of midrise buildings in the holy city of Al-Madinah under varying rainfall patterns.Background:Western Saudi Arabia is usually a dry region, and most of the buildings are designed considering unsaturated soil conditions. However, high-intensity unexpected rainfall events have been observed in recent times. This scenario alters the soil moisture conditions and exhibits a risk to the structural stability.Methods:In this study, Madinah Al-Munawara soil conditions are considered to analyse the isolated shallow foundation system. Finite element models are generated for dry and wet soil conditions by using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The numerical analysis results indicate the possibility of higher settlements under saturated conditions. Simple 1-D experimental element model tests have also been conducted to analyze the effects of the moisture change on the pre-loaded shallow foundations.Results:The experimental results are qualitatively compared with numerical models to observe soil moisture's overall effects on the substructure. The research will contribute to the safety of existing structures and recommend parameters for future design projects.Conclusion:Shallow foundations on loose granular soils are vulnerable to moisture variations, and geotechnical conditions are critical to incorporate in the prospective design projects considering the changing climatic conditions.
Measuring the Quality of Clinical Skills Mobile Apps for Student Learning: Systematic Search, Analysis, and Comparison of Two Measurement Scales
Authors: Gladman Tehmina , Tylee Grace , Gallagher Steve , Mair Jonathan , Grainger Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

Background
Mobile apps are widely used in health professions, which increases the need for simple methods to determine the quality of apps. In particular, teachers need the ability to curate high-quality mobile apps for student learning.

Objective
This study aims to systematically search for and evaluate the quality of clinical skills mobile apps as learning tools. The quality of apps meeting the specified criteria was evaluated using two measures—the widely used Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), which measures general app quality, and the Mobile App Rubric for Learning (MARuL), a recently developed instrument that measures the value of apps for student learning—to assess whether MARuL is more effective than MARS in identifying high-quality apps for learning.

Methods
Two mobile app stores were systematically searched using clinical skills terms commonly found in medical education and apps meeting the criteria identified using an approach based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 9 apps were identified during the screening process. The apps were rated independently by 2 reviewers using MARS and MARuL.

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the 2 raters using MARS and MARuL were the same (MARS ICC [two-way]=0.68; P<.001 and MARuL ICC [two-way]=0.68; P<.001). Of the 9 apps, Geeky Medics-OSCE revision (MARS Android=3.74; MARS iOS=3.68; MARuL Android=75; and MARuL iOS=73) and OSCE PASS: Medical Revision (MARS Android=3.79; MARS iOS=3.71; MARuL Android=69; and MARuL iOS=73) scored highly on both measures of app quality and for both Android and iOS. Both measures also showed agreement for the lowest rated app, Patient Education Institute (MARS Android=2.21; MARS iOS=2.11; MARuL Android=18; and MARuL iOS=21.5), which had the lowest scores in all categories except information (MARS) and professional (MARuL) in both operating systems. MARS and MARuL were both able to differentiate between the highest and lowest quality apps; however, MARuL was better able to differentiate apps based on teaching and learning quality.

Conclusions
This systematic search and rating of clinical skills apps for learning found that the quality of apps was highly variable. However, 2 apps—Geeky Medics-OSCE revision and OSCE PASS: Medical Revision—rated highly for both versions and with both quality measures. MARS and MARuL showed similar abilities to differentiate the quality of the 9 apps. However, MARuL’s incorporation of teaching and learning elements as part of a multidimensional measure of quality may make it more appropriate for use with apps focused on teaching and learning, whereas MARS’s more general rating of quality may be more appropriate for health apps targeting a general health audience. Ratings of the 9 apps by both measures also highlighted the variable quality of clinical skills mobile apps for learning.
LABORATOIRE DU VÉCU: L’EXPÉRIENCE THÉÂTRALE EN GROUPE, ATELIER FAN AL-HAYAT [L’ART DE LA VIE]
Authors: Reyad-Mamdoh Samir 
Published: April 2021

Cette recherche propose d’étudier une expérience théâtrale menée en groupe pour explorer les potentialités du travail théâtral. Un protocole de travail a été mis en place : trainings visant à travailler sur les positions dynamiques, le contact et la plasticité du corps, et préparation au jeu théâtral, mené dans le but d’établir une distance entre les comédiens et les événements qui les ont traumatisés afin de les dépasser. L’action théâtrale a été source de découverte, de travail sur soi, un moyen efficace pour les aider à se libérer, à partager leurs sentiments, à maîtriser leur fragilité en retrouvant une capacité à agir jusqu'à présent ignorée. Ils se sont reconstruits, en retrouvant confiance en eux et en se réappropriant d’autres aptitudes et d’autres attitudes. C’est une voie qui peut mener à la résilience. Notre étude empirique allie deux dimensions intrinsèques : la théorie, permettant de penser notre démarche et de l'inscrire dans un processus réflexif ; et la pratique qui nous offre la possibilité de réaliser sur scène l'expérience d'un travail sur soi, sur l’exploration des obstacles et des inhibitions personnelles. Mots ClésRésilience. Reviviscence. Potentialités Théâtrales. Création Collective. Expérience Scénique.
Biochemical Urine Testing of Medication Adherence and Its Association With Clinical Markers in an Outpatient Population of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Analysis in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT)
Authors: Beernink Jelle M. , Oosterwijk Milou M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Gupta Pankaj , Patel Prashanth , van Boven Job F.M. , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Navis Gerjan , Nijboer Roos M. , Laverman Gozewijn D. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess adherence to the three main drug classes in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes using biochemical urine testing, and to determine the association of nonadherence with baseline demographics, treatment targets, and complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Analyses were performed of baseline data on 457 patients in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT) study. Adherence to oral antidiabetics (OADs), antihypertensives, and statins was determined by analyzing baseline urine samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were microvascular and macrovascular complications and treatment targets of LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and blood pressure. These were assessed cross-sectionally at baseline.

RESULTS
Overall, 89.3% of patients were identified as adherent. Adherence rates to OADs, antihypertensives, and statins were 95.7%, 92.0%, and 95.5%, respectively. The prevalence of microvascular (81.6% vs. 66.2%; P = 0.029) and macrovascular complications (55.1% vs. 37.0%; P = 0.014) was significantly higher in nonadherent patients. The percentage of patients who reached an LDL cholesterol target of ≤2.5 mmol/L was lower (67.4% vs. 81.1%; P = 0.029) in nonadherent patients. Binary logistic regression indicated that higher BMI, current smoking, elevated serum LDL cholesterol, high HbA1c, presence of diabetic kidney disease, and presence of macrovascular disease were associated with nonadherence.

CONCLUSIONS
Although medication adherence of real-world type 2 diabetes patients managed in specialist care was relatively high, the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications was significantly higher in nonadherent patients, and treatment targets were reached less frequently. This emphasizes the importance of objective detection and tailored interventions to improve adherence.
Revealing the Process: An Infrared Photographic Analysis of the Work of Paul Kane
Authors: Longo Ian E. 
Published: April 2021

The ability to examine a painter’s working methods is not only valuable to art historians and conservators
but, in the case of the early Canadian painter, Paul Kane (1810-1871), provides crucial information as to the accuracy and historical value of many of the scenes he painted. Paul Kane’s approximately 130 works in oil, painted in his Toronto studio from sketches made during his two voyages through the Canadian northwest during the 1840s, have told us much about the culture and lifestyle of the Métis, Sioux and other native Canadian peoples before the advent of photography. The historical accuracy of these paintings has now been called into question by the use of low-cost infrared photography. By utilizing infrared photography in the 700-1100nm range, we are now able to see what lies beneath the surface layers of oil paint and see the many changes Kane made between his observations in the field and his final product in the studio. Changes range from the slight adjustment of a headdress to the creation of entirely fictional features in the landscape. In some cases changes were made to conform to the expectations of his patrons. Although infrared photography has already been used in the world of art history for some time, recent advances in modifying consumer-level DSLR cameras, the development of advanced quartz-fluoride optics, and novel imaging processing techniques have transformed Infrared photography into an affordable and efficient way to study Paul Kane’s artistic process.