Abstract 1078: Hypoxic microenvironment promotes resistance to targeted therapies in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer involving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features
Authors: Wolos Virginia Judith , Tapia Ivana Jaqueline , Abrigo Marianela , Lacunza Ezequiel , Joffé Elisa Dora Bal de Kier , Fiszman Gabriel León 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Trastuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) targeted therapies are the main choice for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients. However, de novo or acquired resistance is still the major obstacle in clinical practice. It has been shown that several pathways, including HER2, can lead to HIF-α stabilization in breast cancer cells. Thus, the purpose of our study was to analyse the effect of hypoxia in acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. We used HER2-overexpressing BT-474 and non-overexpressing MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. As an acute hypoxia model, we added CoCl2 (100 µM) to cell culture medium. The hypoxic status of the cells was evaluated by a Western blot analysis, showing a peak of HIF-1α expression after 6 hours of CoCl2 exposure. This result correlated with VEGF induction, as measured by RT-qPCR (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, under hypoxia, BT-474 cells treated with increasing concentrations of trastuzumab and T-DM1 for 72 hours presented a significantly higher viability compared with non-hypoxic cells (p&lt;0.05). However, although the drugs decreased membrane HER2 protein expression (p&lt;0.01), HER2 levels did not change under hypoxic conditions, as shown by flow cytometry and Western blot assays. Moreover, drug effects on MCF-7 cells did not change under hypoxic conditions. To further analyse this cytoprotective effect of hypoxia, proliferation-associated markers such as PCNA expression and AKT activation were evaluated by Western blot, while apoptosis frequency was measured by flow cytometry in BT-474 cells. PCNA and pAKT expression remained unaltered, while T-DM1-mediated apoptosis was significantly reduced under hypoxia (p&lt;0.05). Then, using different open gene expression datasets, we identified a group of four genes (COL12A1, DKK1, CEACAM5 and ANTXR1) differentially expressed in T-DM1 resistant HER2-overexpressing breast cancer BT-474 and KPL-4 cell lines (p&lt;0.05), which were coexpressed with hypoxia-related genes (HIF1A, EPAS1 and VEGFA) in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer tumours and cell lines from TCGA (p&lt;0.01). Further in silico analyses revealed a direct association between those genes and the fibronectin gene (FN1, p&lt;0.05). Remarkably, they were involved in TGF-β and angiogenesis pathways, as shown by a functional enrichment analysis (p&lt;0.01). In addition, we found that BT-474 cells under hypoxia presented a higher mammosphere formation efficiency than non-hypoxic cells (p&lt;0.05), showing a tendency towards a cancer stem cell phenotype. It is known that hypoxia represents a common feature of metastatic tumours and has a role in regulating stem cell behaviour. According to this, our results highlight a link between anti-HER2 therapy resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition characteristics, where hypoxia plays a key role which deserves further study.
Citation Format: Virginia Judith Wolos, Ivana Jaqueline Tapia, Marianela Abrigo, Ezequiel Lacunza, Elisa Dora Bal de Kier Joffé, Gabriel León Fiszman. Hypoxic microenvironment promotes resistance to targeted therapies in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer involving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1078.