bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands
Authors: Minett Jessica F. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Sobolewska Halina , Brickle Paul , Crossin Glenn T. , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiological invasions are important causes of biodiversity loss, particularly in remote islands. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) have been widely introduced throughout the Southern Hemisphere, impacting endangered native fauna, particularly galaxiid fishes, through predation and competition. However, due to their importance for sport fishing and aquaculture farming, attempts to curtail the impacts of invasive salmonids have generally been met with limited support and the best prospects for protecting native galaxiids is to predict where and how salmonids might disperse. We analysed 266 invasive brown trout from 14 rivers and ponds across the Falkland Islands as well as 32 trout from three potential source populations, using a panel of 592 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and acoustic tagging, to ascertain their origins and current patterns of dispersal. We identified four genetically distinct clusters with high levels of genetic diversity and low admixture, likely reflecting the different origins of the invasive brown trout populations. Our analysis suggests that many trout populations in the Falklands may have originated from one of the donor populations analysed (River Wey). The highest genetic diversity was observed in the rivers with the greatest number of introductions and diverse origins, while the lowest diversity corresponded to a location without documented introductions, likely colonized by natural dispersal. High levels of gene flow indicated widespread migration of brown trout across the Falkland Islands, likely aided by anadromous dispersal. This is supported by data from acoustically tagged fish, three of which were detected frequently moving between two rivers ~26 km apart. Our results suggest that, without containment measures, brown trout may invade the last remaining refuges for the native endangered Aplochiton spp. We provide new insights into the origin and dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands that can pave the way for a targeted approach to limit their impact on native fish fauna.
Synergistic effects of insect herbivory and changing climate on plant volatile emissions in the subarctic tundra
Authors: Rieksta Jolanta , Li Tao , Michelsen Anders , Rinnan Riikka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change increases the insect abundance, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Insect herbivory also significantly increases plant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are highly reactive in the atmosphere and play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and physics. However, it is unclear how the effects of insect herbivory on VOC emissions interact with climatic changes, such as warming and increased cloudiness. We assessed how experimental manipulations of temperature and light availability in subarctic tundra, that had been maintained for 30 years at the time of the measurements, affect the VOC emissions from a widespread dwarf birch (Betula nana) when subjected to herbivory by local geometrid moth larvae, the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and the winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Warming and insect herbivory on B. nana stimulated VOC emission rates and altered the VOC blend. The herbivory‐induced increase in sesquiterpene and homoterpene emissions were climate‐treatment‐dependent. Many herbivory‐associated VOCs were more strongly induced in the shading treatment than in other treatments. We showed generally enhanced tundra VOC emissions upon insect herbivory and synergistic effects on the emissions of some VOC groups in a changing climate, which can have positive feedbacks on cloud formation. Furthermore, the acclimation of plants to long‐term climate treatments affects VOC emissions and strongly interacts with plant responses to herbivory. Such acclimation complicates predictions of how climate change, together with interacting biotic stresses, affects VOC emissions in the high latitudes.
Thrombin generation abnormalities in commonly encountered platelet function disorders
Authors: Sharma Tanmya , Brunet Justin G. , Tasneem Subia , Smith Stephanie A. , Morrissey James H. , Hayward Catherine P.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies of thrombin generation (TG) with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) have provided insights on bleeding disorders. We studied TG for a cohort with commonly encountered platelet function disorders (PFD).MethodsParticipants included 40 controls and 31 with PFD due to: nonsyndromic dense granule (DG) deficiency (PFD‐DGD, n = 9), RUNX1 haploinsufficiency (n = 6) and aggregation defects from other, uncharacterized causes (n = 16). TG was tested with PRP and PPP samples. As DG store ADP and polyphosphate that enhance platelet‐dependent TG, PFD‐DGD PRP TG was tested for correction with ADP, polyphosphate and combined additives. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), platelet factor V (FV), and platelet TFPI and ANO6 transcript levels were also evaluated. Findings were tested for associations with TG endpoints and bleeding.ResultsPFD samples had impaired PRP TG, but also impaired PPP TG, with strong associations between their PRP and PPP TG endpoints (P ≤ .005). PFD‐DGD PRP TG endpoints showed associations to PPP TG endpoints but not to DG counts, and were improved, but not fully corrected, by adding polyphosphate and agonists. PFD participants had increased plasma TFPI and reduced platelet TFPI (P ≤ .02) but normal levels of platelet FV, and platelet TFPI and ANO6 transcripts levels. PFD plasma TFPI levels showed significant association to several PPP TG endpoints (P ≤ .04). Several PFD PRP TG endpoints showed significant associations to bleeding symptoms, including wound healing problems and prolonged bleeding from minor cuts (P ≤ .04).ConclusionTG is impaired in commonly encountered PFD, with their PRP TG findings showing interesting associations to symptoms.
Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Adams Rosie , Ryan Tony , Wood Emily 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are over 41 000 vacant nursing posts across the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS), with more people leaving the profession that joining it. Despite mental health being acknowledged as a priority area, some of the most significant staff shortages are occurring within mental health services. Urgent action is needed to retain the mental health nurses (MHNs) currently in post to ensure the profession is fit for purpose and aid future recruitment efforts. This review set out to identify the individual factors that affect the retention of MHNs. A systematic search of six databases was conducted (CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core collection), EMBASE and the British Nursing Index). Studies were systematically screened for inclusion based on predetermined eligibility criteria. The studies were quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Findings were synthesized using Thematic Synthesis. A total of 23 studies consisting of a range of study designs were included in the review. Four key themes emerged from the synthesis: Individual characteristics, Working within mental health services, Training and skills and Work environment. The findings from this review suggest that MHNs encounter some factors unique to working in mental health services, which suggests that retention strategies should be specific to each nursing speciality. Beyond nursing speciality, the factors identified vary between clinical settings in mental health due to the differences in work environments and services they provide. Future studies should now set out to explore what factors exist in which clinical settings to inform better tailored retention strategies to generate better outcomes.
Leaf transcriptome analysis of Lancaster versus other heterotic groups’ maize inbred lines revealed different regulation of cold‐responsive genes
Authors: Banović Đeri Bojana , Božić Manja , Dudić Dragana , Vićić Ivan , Milivojević Marija , Ignjatović‐Micić Dragana , Samardžić Jelena , Vančetović Jelena , Delić Nenad , Nikolić Ana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the strategies for overcoming global climate change threatening to decrease maize yield is early sowing. To contribute to the development of cold‐tolerant hybrids this research focused on the genetic background's comparative analysis in maize inbreds with good combining ability. Leaf whole‐transcriptome sequencing of 46 maize genotypes revealed 77 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Lancaster and other heterotic groups (i.e. BSSS, Iowa dent, Ohio), referred to as non‐Lancaster group, under optimal growing conditions. Cold test of the subset of four Lancaster and four non‐Lancaster lines showed that the former were cold sensitive and the latter cold tolerant. Cold‐induced expression analysis of seven DEGs in eight lines revealed different expression regulation dependent on the duration of cold exposure and genetic background for six out of seven analysed genes—chloroplast ATP‐sulphurylase, photosystem II cytochrome b559 alpha subunit, CIPK serine‐threonine protein kinase 15, glutamyl‐tRNA reductase, photosystem II reaction centre protein I and Calvin cycle CP12‐chloroplastic‐like encoding genes. The results imply that differently regulated basic processes between Lancaster and non‐Lancaster maize group involve, at least, photosynthesis and sulphate assimilation, contributing to their different cold response and different adaptation to low temperatures.
Language and innovation
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Wang Jialong , Wang Yanan , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStrong‐future‐time reference (FTR) languages require speakers to grammatically mark future events, while weak‐FTR languages do not. Using data from 34 countries, we find that firms in countries where strong‐FTR languages are spoken have fewer patent counts and citations than those in countries where weak‐FTR languages are spoken. Further evidence shows that strong‐FTR languages affect inventors’ perceptions and beliefs about future rewards from innovation. Moreover, due to interactions between people speaking different languages, globalization attenuates the negative impact of language FTR on innovation. To further support these findings, we provide evidence from a single country with a multilingual environment to control for omitted country‐level characteristics. Our study emphasizes the impact of language on corporate innovation and sheds light on the importance of informal institutions in economic outcomes.
The optimal ablation setting for a local impedance guided catheter in an in vitro experimental model
Authors: Kawano Daisuke , Mori Hitoshi , Kato Ritsushi , Tsutsui Kenta , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Sumitomo Naokata , Fukaya Hidehira , Iwagana Shiro , Nakano Shintaro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Matsumoto Kazuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe local impedance (LI) reflects the electrical catheter‐tissue coupling and correlates with the local tissue temperature. However, there have been few clinical studies showing the recommended method for LI monitoring catheters. This study aimed to investigate the optimal ablation setting for this catheter in an in vitro experimental model.MethodsLI monitoring catheters were used in an excised swine heart experimental model. The tissue contact force (CF) was directly monitored from an external weight scale. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a combination of various energy power settings (30, 40, and 50 W), and various CFs (10, 30, and 50 g) for 60 s. The correlation between the LI‐related indexes, power, and CF with the lesion formation was statistically analyzed.ResultsA positive correlation between the LI or lesion formation and CF was observed under all powers. Although the LI drop always correlated with the maximum lesion depth, lesion diameter, and lesion volume, the coefficient of the correlation value was lower under a high CF (lesion depth, diameter, and volume; 10 g, r = 0.8064, r = 0.8389, r = 0.8477; 30 g, r = 0.7590, r = 0.8063, r = 0.8060; 50 g r = 0.5555, r = 0.5701, and r = 0.5678, respectively). Steam pops occurred only under a 50 W ablation and the LI drop cutoff value for steam pops was 46 Ω.ConclusionThe same LI drop did not always lead to the same lesion size when the CF differed. Monitoring the LI and not exceeding 46 Ω would be useful for a safe ablation.
Ring finger protein 19A is overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer and mediates p53 ubiquitin‐degradation to promote cancer growth
Authors: Cheng Yu , Hu Yujiao , Wang Huanxi , Zhao Zhi , Jiang Xizi , Zhang Yao , Zhang Jiameng , Tong Yue , Qiu Xueshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe expression pattern, biological functions and the related mechanisms of the ring finger protein 19A (RNF19A) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of RNF19A, as well as the underlying potential mechanism, in the development of NSCLC. Here, we found that RNF19A was overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, and RNF19A expression in NSCLC tissue samples was associated with NSCLC carcinogenesis and poor outcome. RNF19A promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cells and inhibited apoptosis. RNF19A reduced p53, p21 and BAX expression and induced Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and BCL2 expression. The inhibitory effect of RNF19A knockdown on proliferation was partially rescued by p53 silencing. RNF19A interacted with p53, shortened p53 half‐life and mediated p53 ubiquitin‐degradation. Collectively, we suggest that RNF19A plays a critical oncogenic role in lung carcinogenesis by disrupting the function of p53. RNF19A may serve as a new biomarker and/or target for NSCLC management.
Sea trout Salmo trutta in the subarctic: home‐bound but large variation in migratory behaviour between and within populations
Authors: Strøm John Fredrik , Jensen Jenny L. A. , Nikolopoulos Anna , Nordli Eivind , Bjørn Pål Arne , Bøhn Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnadromous brown trout (sea trout), Salmo trutta, is currently in decline throughout its range, largely due to anthropogenic stressors in freshwater and marine habitats. Acoustic telmetry was utilized to study the marine migration of sea trout post‐smolts from three populations in a relatively pristine subarctic fjord system. While at sea, the sea trout spent a substantial part of their time close to their natal river, preferred near shore over pelagic habitats and were strongly surface oriented. Despite a fidelity towards local areas, the sea trout utilized various parts of the fjord system, with maximum dispersion >30 km and total migration distance >300 km. Almost half of the sea trout (44%) migrated between river outlets, indicating that a metapopulation approach may be appropriate when managing neighbouring sea trout populations at high latitudes. Furthermore, the different populations displayed different migratory behaviours in terms of distance migrated, dispersion from origin and the likelihood of leaving their home area. This variation in migratory behaviour is likely influenced by spatiotemporal differences in habitat quality between sites, indicating that local habitat variations may promote population‐specific behavioural responses even in relatively confined fjord systems.
Does the common topknotZeugopterus punctatus(Teleosteii:Pleuronectiformes:Scophthalmidae) use a novelVenturi‐effect attachment mechanism? A testable hypothesis
Authors: Davenport John , Maran Vincent , Chanet Bruno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommon topknots (Zeugopterus punctatus) attach to vertical rock surfaces and overhangs. It has been speculated that attachment is by a suction cup, with the median (anal, dorsal) fins providing a peripheral seal. Here the authors propose that the attachment is actually based on a Venturi effect. The rear portions of the median fins continually move in a fan‐like fashion (atc. 4 cycles per second). This movement produces a tailward fluid flow that ventilates the shallow underbody space between the fish and its rocky substratum. The anterior portions of the median fins seal the space laterally, but the space is open anterior (beneath the raised head) and posterior to the sea. The mid‐underbody space likely has a lower cross‐sectional area than does the front intake or rear exit, so flow should be faster (and pressure lower) within it than outside, thus providing pressure gradient suction. Topknots attach to rough and heavily biofouled surfaces, presumably because the high numbers of fin rays and their associated membranes plus fine muscle control allow effective sealing. The attachment ability is shared by all members of the flatfish tribe Phrynorhombini; it can be related to anatomical peculiarities and constitutes a probable synapomorphy for this clade.
Use of encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis through extrusion or emulsification for the production of probiotic yogurt
Authors: Frakolaki Georgia , Kekes Tryfon , Lympaki Foteini , Giannou Virginia , Tzia Constantina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the methods of extrusion and emulsification were applied for the encapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis before its incorporation into yogurt products, aiming to increase its viability during storage. Alginate based encapsulating blends containing 2% w/v sodium alginate and 11% v/v glycerol (AG) or 1% carrageenan (AC), and/or 2% w/v inulin, were applied for the encapsulation of probiotic bacteria. The produced beads were examined in order to determine the encapsulation yield and were also tested on milk fermentation along with conventional starter culture for yogurt production. The evolution of the fermentation was recorded through pH monitoring and the final products were evaluated regarding their rheological and texture characteristics, as well as their probiotic bacterial load during storage. It was concluded that the emulsification method led to higher encapsulation yield (95.4–97.6%) compared to the extrusion method (76.6–85.8%). The probiotic culture contributed to milk fermentation into yogurt, as it required less time to complete fermentation compared to samples containing only conventional culture. The encapsulation of probiotic bacteria was proved efficient in protecting their viability even after 30 days of storage (up to 6.9 log cfu/g). Thus, the incorporation of encapsulated probiotic bacteria improved in total the yogurt products and ensured the viability of probiotic bacteria till the end of storage.Practical ApplicationsThe encapsulation of probiotic bacteria is an innovative approach for their protection and the ensuring of their viability during food processing and storage, as well as during consumption. The methods of extrusion and emulsification are feasible and affordable in industrial scale. The current study provides an integrated approach of their application in yogurt production, without restricting the utilization of the produced encapsulated bacteria for the development of other probiotic products. The incorporation of encapsulated probiotic bacteria along with the conventional culture led to shorter fermentation times, and superior final products in comparison to conventional yogurt products. The final products had improved rheological and texture characteristics, whereas the viability of the probiotic bacteria remained at satisfactory levels till the end of storage.
Histopathology of the temporomandibular joint disc: Findings in 30 samples from joints with degenerative disease
Authors: Guarda Nardini Luca , Meneghini Maddalena , Guido Maria , Baciorri Francesca , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to show the anatomical and histological features of the displaced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc in joints with degenerative disease.MethodsThis study was performed on a total of 30 TMJ discs extracted from 22 patients, who underwent surgical discectomy after failure of conservative non‐surgical treatment regimens to control pain and/or limited range of motion. All joints had imaging signs of an anteriorized disc position and degenerative joint disease. Samples of the extracted discs were stored in formalin, cut into 3 micron‐thick sections imbedded in paraffin and processed with hematoxylin‐eosin.ResultAll the samples present irreversible morphologic and histological alterations. The macroscopical evaluation showed that 14 discs were worn and fragmented in several parts, and one disc was perforated. Morphological alterations with deformation and degenerative signs were shown in all discs, which were all severely worn and compromised. Histologically, various alterations were found, such as pre‐fibrous sclerosis with myxoid degeneration and collagen deposits (N = 25), an increase in fibro‐hyaline and fibrous tissues, with loss of elasticity (N = 25), scattered calcifications (N = 15), and synovial inflammation with microvascular proliferation and increased cellularity, presence of lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells (N = 18). After the intervention, all patients reported decreased pain levels and showed improved function at 6 months.ConclusionThese observations suggest that degenerative joint disease is accompanied by a anteriorized discs featuring abnormal macroscopical and histological changes. From a clinical viewpoint, this may suggest that, when treatment escalation leads to consider TMJ surgery, total discectomy is the most reasonable approach.
Bony labyrinths of the blackfish (Delphinidae: Globicephalinae)
Authors: Racicot Rachel A. , Preucil V. Eve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBony labyrinth morphology varies across marine mammals and contains key information regarding hearing sensitivity and ecology. The hearing ranges of globicephaline (Delphinidae: Globicephalinae) or melon‐headed dolphins, known as “Blackfish,” have been extensively studied using acoustic technologies, but clade‐wide morphological analysis of the bony labyrinth is lacking. In this study, we investigate the variation in hearing‐relevant bony labyrinth morphology within globicephalines using μCT scans of isolated petrosals and digitally isolating the bony labyrinth of all species. Principal components analysis (PCA) of nine hearing‐relevant measurements of the cochlea alongside a broader sampling of terrestrial and aquatic artiodactyls shows Orcaella brevirostris and other globicephalines with higher levels of facial asymmetry and potentially more specialized echolocation abilities plotting near Monodon monoceros, Delphinapterus leucas, and Orcinus orca. The remaining globicephalines, which have more symmetrical skulls and other unique and acoustically relevant attributes, plotted towards the middle of the echolocating odontocete portion of the PCA. Our analysis thus reveals that inner ear morphology may correlate with both facial skull morphology and echolocation specializations, as these are intertwined. Furthermore, this study illustrates how morphological analyses, especially those centered on hearing, may provide critical conservation‐relevant information as direct access to audiograms becomes less tenable.