bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Cleavage of a Sb−Sb Double Bond: From Carbene‐Coordinated Distibenes to Stibinidenes
Authors: Krüger Julia , Wölper Christoph , Auer Alexander A. , Schulz Stephan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReactions of L(Cl)Ga‐substituted stibine [L(Cl)Ga]2SbCl (L=HC[C(Me)NAr]2; Ar=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3) with N‐heterocyclic carbenes RNHCMe (RNHCMe=[C(R)NMe]2C:; R=Me, Et, iPr) gave NHC‐coordinated stibinidenes L(Cl)GaSb‐RNHCMe (R=Me 1 a, Et 1 b, iPr 1 c) and distibenes L(Cl)GaSbSb(RNHCMe)Ga(Cl)L (R=Me 2 a, Et 2 b, iPr 2 c). Distibenes 2 a and 2 b react with a second equivalent of RNHCMe with cleavage of the Sb−Sb double bond and formation of stibinidenes 1 a and 1 b. 1 a–2 b were spectroscopically characterized and the solid‐state structures determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (sc‐XRD). Quantum chemical calculations gave a deeper insight into the electronic nature and bonding situation of 1 a–2 c and the reaction energetics were investigated in detail.
Guidance on Dravet syndrome from infant to adult care: Road map for treatment planning in Europe
Authors: Cardenal‐Muñoz Elena , Auvin Stéphane , Villanueva Vicente , Cross J. Helen , Zuberi Sameer M. , Lagae Lieven , Aibar José Ángel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS) is a severe, rare, and complex developmental and epileptic encephalopathy affecting 1 in 16 000 live births and characterized by a drug‐resistant epilepsy, cognitive, psychomotor, and language impairment, and behavioral disorders. Evidence suggests that optimal treatment of seizures in DS may improve outcomes, even though neurodevelopmental impairments are the likely result of both the underlying genetic variant and the epilepsy. We present an updated guideline for DS diagnosis and treatment, taking into consideration care of the adult patient and nonpharmaceutical therapeutic options for this disease. This up‐to‐date guideline, which is based on an extensive review of the literature and culminates with a new treatment algorithm for DS, is a European consensus developed through a survey involving 29 European clinical experts in DS. This guideline will serve professionals in their clinical practice and, as a consequence, will benefit DS patients and their families.
Preventive restructuring frameworks: Jurisdiction, recognition and applicable law
Authors: Schmidt Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Preventive Restructuring Directive (PRD) has triggered a new era of regulatory competition. Member States are introducing new laws aimed at making themselves the new destination of choice for corporate restructuring. However, the PRD has failed to provide a clear answer to some key issues: international jurisdiction, recognition and applicable law. This article analyses these questions in detail and proposes answers.
Alcohol and Circadian Disruption Minimally Impact Bone Properties in Two Cohorts of Male Mice While Between‐Cohort Differences Predominate: Association With Season of Birth?
Authors: Wilson Brittany M , Witkiewics Brittany R , Voigt Robin M , Forysth Christopher B , Keshavarzian Ali , Ko Frank C , Virdi Amarjit S , Sumner D Rick 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTMany lifestyle factors affect bone. Sleep deprivation increases risk for fractures and alcohol consumption can lead to alterations in the skeleton. How combined exposure to these two risk factors affects bone is unclear. Thus, we sought to determine the effects of circadian rhythm disruption and chronic alcohol intake on bone structure and mechanical properties in mice. A total of 120 male C57BL/6J mice were used in two cohorts of 60 mice each because of limited availability of light‐tight housing cabinets. One cohort was born in winter and the other in summer. Mice were randomly assigned to circadian disruption (weekly shifting of the light/dark cycle) and control (no shifting) groups beginning at 8 to 12 weeks of age for 12 weeks at which time mice were administered an alcohol‐containing or control diet for an additional 10 weeks. Bone structure and mechanical properties of the femur were assessed by micro‐computed tomography and three‐point bending, respectively. The initial data analysis revealed a likely cohort effect. Thus, we used a three‐way analysis of variance to assess the effects of circadian rhythm disruption, alcohol intake, and cohort. Circadian rhythm disruption alone had minimal effects on bone structure and mechanical properties. Alcohol intake reduced body mass and had minimal effects on cortical bone regardless of circadian disruption. Alcohol intake resulted in higher trabecular bone volume, but these beneficial effects were blunted when circadian rhythm was disrupted. Cohort significantly affected body size, many cortical bone structure outcomes, some trabecular bone structure outcomes, and tissue‐level material properties. Thus, cohort had the predominant effect on bone structure and mechanical properties in this study, with chronic alcohol intake and environmental circadian disruption having less consistent effects. The data indicate that season of birth may affect skeletal phenotypes and that studies requiring multiple cohorts should determine if a cohort effect exists. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Musculoskeletal Comorbidities and Quality of Life in ENPP1-Deficient Adults and the Response of Enthesopathy to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Murine Models
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R. , Ansh Anenya Jai , Nester Catherine , O'Brien Christine , Stabach Paul R. , Murtada Sae-Il , Lester Ethan R. , Khursigara Gus , Molloy Liz , Carpenter Thomas O. , Braddock Demetrios T. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency leads to cardiovascular calcification in infancy, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-mediated hypophosphatemic rickets in childhood, and osteomalacia in adulthood. Excessive enthesis mineralization and cervical spine fusion have been previously reported in patients with biallelic ENPP1 deficiency, but their effect on quality of life is unknown. We describe additional musculoskeletal complications in patients with ENPP1 deficiency, namely osteoarthritis and interosseous membrane ossification, and for the first time evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with this disease, both subjectively via narrative report, and objectively via the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form, and a Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF) short form. Residual pain, similar in magnitude to that identified in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia, was experienced by the majority of patients despite use of analgesic medications. Impairment in physical function varied from mild to severe. To assess murine ENPP1 deficiency for the presence of enthesopathy, and for the potential response to enzyme replacement therapy, we maintained Enpp1asj/asj mice on regular chow for 23 weeks and treated cohorts with either vehicle or a long-acting form of recombinant ENPP1. Enpp1asj/asj mice treated with vehicle exhibited robust calcification throughout their Achilles tendons, whereas two-thirds of those treated with ENPP1 enzyme replacement exhibited complete or partial suppression of the Achilles tendon calcification. Our combined results document that musculoskeletal complications are a significant source of morbidity in biallelic ENPP1 deficiency, a phenotype which is closely recapitulated in Enpp1asj/asj mice. Finally, we show that a long-acting form of recombinant ENPP1 prevents the development of enthesis calcification at the relatively modest dose of 0.3 mg/kg per week, suggesting that suppression of enthesopathy may be attainable upon dose escalation. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Neuromuscular conditions and the impact of cystine‐depleting therapy in infantile nephropathic cystinosis: A cross‐sectional analysis of 55 patients
Authors: Vill Katharina , Müller‐Felber Wolfgang , Landfarth Timotheus , Köppl Christian , Herzig Nadine , Knerr Christine , Holla Heike , Steidle Günther , Harms Erik , Hohenfellner Katharina ,   the Interdisciplinary Cystinosis Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by biallelic mutations in the cystinosin gene, leading to cystine accumulation in various organs. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate neuromuscular complications in a cohort of 55 patients (aged 2.8‐41.3 years, median 18.5 years) with INC. Clinical examination, jumping mechanography, clinical neurophysiology, and muscle/nerve ultrasound were performed. Physical performance, measured by mechanography, was below average in all patients. However, this reduction in physical performance was not always detected by conventional muscle power assessment. Twenty‐eight percent of patients had mostly mild axial weakness of the neck flexors and/or of the abdominal rectus muscles, the latter often presenting during childhood. One adult patient had generalized muscle weakness. Two patients had evidence of specific neuromuscular conditions, which may not have been directly related to cystinosis. 30% of patients presented with mild, 7% with moderate, and 5% with severe weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Muscle wasting was more pronounced in the older cystinosis patients with multiple organ complications. Sonographic increase in muscle echogenicity corresponded only with severe weakness. Electromyography of the intrinsic hand muscles, performed in selected patients, showed myopathic, neurogenic, or mixed myopathic‐neurogenic abnormalities. A particularly important finding of this study is that the neuromuscular complications were largely independent from both the age of initiation of pharmacological cystine‐depleting therapy and from adherence to treatment. Significant correlation was observed between better physical performance in jumping and cysteine levels in leukocytes.
Maternal‐fetal transmission of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites following inhalation and injection exposure during pregnancy in rats
Authors: Baglot Samantha L. , VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Marquardt Ashley E. , Aukema Robert J. , Petrie Gavin N. , Hume Catherine , Reinl Erin L. , Bieber John B. , McLaughlin Ryan J. , McCarthy Margaret M. , Hill Matthew N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCannabis use during pregnancy has increased over the past few decades, with recent data indicating that, in youth and young adults especially, up to 22% of people report using cannabis during pregnancy. Animal models provide the ability to study prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) with control over timing and dosage; however, these studies utilize both injection and inhalation approaches. While it is known that Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; primary psychoactive component of cannabis) can cross the placenta, examination of the transmission and concentration of THC and its metabolites from maternal blood into the placenta and fetal brain remains relatively unknown, and the influence of route of administration has never been examined. Pregnant female rats were exposed to either vaporized THC‐dominant cannabis extract for pulmonary consumption or subcutaneous injection of THC repeatedly during the gestational period. Maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brains were collected following the final administration of THC for analysis of THC and its metabolites, as well as endocannabinoid concentrations, through mass spectrometry. Both routes of administration resulted in the transmission of THC and its metabolites in placenta and fetal brain. Repeated exposure to inhaled THC vapor resulted in fetal brain THC concentrations that were about 30% of those seen in maternal blood, whereas repeated injections resulted in roughly equivalent concentrations of THC in maternal blood and fetal brain. Neither inhalation nor injection of THC during pregnancy altered fetal brain endocannabinoid concentrations. Our data provide the first characterization of maternal‐fetal transmission of THC and its metabolites following both vaporized delivery and injection routes of administration. These data are important to establish the maternal‐fetal transmission in preclinical injection and inhalation models of PCE and may provide insight into predicting fetal exposure in human studies.
Intravenous calcitriol administration modulates mesenteric lymph node CD4+ T‐cell polarization and attenuates intestinal inflammation in obese mice complicated with polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Yeh Chiu‐Li , Wu Jin‐Ming , Yang Po‐Jen , Lee Po‐Chu , Chen Kuen‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Chieh , Yeh Sung‐Ling , Lin Ming‐Tsan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a lethal syndrome with T‐cell dysregulation, imbalanced inflammatory reactions, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Obesity coexistent with sepsis can cause more‐deleterious disease outcomes. Vitamin D is a nutrient with immunomodulatory ability and helps maintain intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated treatment with calcitriol on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T‐cell polarization and intestinal injury in obese mice with sepsis.MethodsMice received a high‐fat diet for 10 weeks; then, mice were separated into an obese control group without sepsis and sepsis groups that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Septic mice were subdivided into a group that was injected with saline (SS group) or a group that was injected with calcitriol (SD group) via a tail vein 1 h after CLP. Obese mice with sepsis were euthanized at 12 or 24 h post CLP.ResultsSepsis resulted in increased percentages of type 2 T helper (Th2), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in MLNs. Also, inflammation‐associated genes were upregulated and tight junction genes downregulated in the intestines after CLP. Compared with the SS group, the SD group exhibited reduced Th2, Th17, and Treg percentages in MLNs. Also, intestinal inflammatory chemokine expressions were reduced, whereas MUC2, ZO‐1, and occludin had increased after CLP. Lower inflammatory cytokine levels in peritoneal lavage fluid in the ileum were also noted in the SD group.ConclusionsIntravenous calcitriol treatment after sepsis can elicit more‐balanced CD4 T‐cell subsets in lymph nodes near the intestines and alleviate intestinal inflammation and injury in obese mice complicated with sepsis.
Patient‐worn endoscopy mask to protect against viral transmission
Authors: Vahabzadeh‐Hagh Andrew M. , Patel Shiv H. , Stramiello Joshua A. , Weissbrod Philip A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo design and evaluate patient‐worn personal protective equipment (PPE) that allows providers to perform endoscopy while protecting against droplet and airborne disease transmission.Study designSingle subject study.MethodsMask efficacy was evaluated using a cough simulator that sprays dye visible under ultra‐violet light. User‐testing was performed on an airway trainer mannequin where each subject performed the endoscopy with and without the mask in random orders. Their time to completion and number of attempts before successful completion were recorded, and each subject was asked to fill out a NASA Task Load Index (TLX) form with respect to their experience.ResultsThe mask has a filtration efficiency of 97.31% and eliminated any expelled particles with the cough simulator. Without the mask, a simulated cough is visualized as it progresses away from the cough origin. Subjects who performed trans‐nasal endoscopy spent 27.8 ± 8.0 s to visualize the vocal cords for the no mask condition and 28.7 ± 13.6 s for the mask condition (mean ± SD, p > .05). There was no statistically significant difference found in the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration of endoscopy under the no mask and mask conditions (all p > .05).ConclusionThe designed PPE provides an effective barrier for viral droplet and airborne transmission while allowing the ability to perform endoscopy with ease.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Impact of Cell Loading of Recombinant Spider Silk Based Bioinks on Gelation and Printability
Authors: Lechner Annika , Trossmann Vanessa T. , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrintability of bioinks encompasses considerations concerning rheology and extrudability, characterization of filament formation, shape fidelity, cell viability, and post‐printing cellular development. Recombinant spider silk based hydrogels might be a suitable material to be used in bioinks, that is, a formulation of cells and materials to be used for bioprinting. Here, the high shape fidelity of spider silk ink is shown by bioprinting the shape and size of a human aortic valve. Further the influence of the encapsulation of cells has been evaluated on spider silk hydrogel formation, hydrogel mechanics, and shape fidelity upon extrusion based bioprinting. It is shown that the presence of cells impacts the gelation of spider silk proteins differently, depending on the used silk variant. RGD‐modified spider silk hydrogels are physically crosslinked by the cells, while there is no active interaction between cells and un‐tagged spider silk proteins. Strikingly, even at cell densities up to ten million cells per milliliter, cell viability is high after extrusion‐based printing, which is a significant prerequisite for future applications. Shape fidelity of the printed constructs is demonstrated using a filament collapse test in the absence and presence of human cells.
Early Application of Quaternized Chitin Derivatives Inhibits Hypertrophic Scar Formation
Authors: Chen Zuhan , Xie Fang , Xia Tian , Bian Xiaoen , Zhang Shichen , Cai Jie , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarious treatments for hypertrophic scars (HS) are applied after wound re‐epithelialization. However, the lack of early intervention within the wound bed leads to poor HS treatment outcomes. In this study, quaternized chitin (QC) derivatives with different degrees of deacetylation (7.4% and 78.9%) are synthesized and their effects on HS formation are evaluated in a rabbit ear scar model. Early application of QC alleviates scar hypertrophy without delayed wound healing. Fibroblast count, collagen content, and α‐smooth muscle actin expression are decreased, while matrix metalloproteinase‐1 is upregulated on day 35 in the QC treatment group. QC suppresses inflammatory cell infiltration and IL‐6 expression. A subsequent reduction in transforming growth factor β1 expression is also observed. The inhibitory effect of QC on HS formation is eliminated through the administration of exogenous IL‐6. Taken together, early application of QC inhibits HS formation by downregulating IL‐6 expression, and QC with a low degree of deacetylation tends to be more effective. Considering its potential for accelerating wound healing, inhibiting HS formation, and its antibacterial activity, QC may be used as an effective dressing in clinical wound management.
Investigation of Degradation Mechanism of Y6‐Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells and Their Utilization in Durable Near‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Tanaka Naoya , Nakano Masahiro , Kobayashi Tomoki , Takahara Akira , Fujinuki Takahiro , Shahiduzzaman Md. , Karakawa Makoto , Taima Tetsuya , Iiyama Koichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe device durability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) is investigated based on Y6, which is an effective nonfullerene acceptor for high‐performance OSCs. The durability of Y6‐based inverted OSCs is poor and it can be caused by aggregation of Y6 in the bulk‐heterojunction layer due to heating by continuous photo‐irradiation (≈65 °C, 100 mW cm−2, and 72 h). It is found that the aggregation of Y6 is suppressed at a low temperature (≈50 °C), and that the Y6‐based devices can be useful as a photodurable near‐infrared detector upon continuous laser irradiation.
Dynamic soil consolidation model using a nonlocal continuum poroelastic damage approach
Authors: Chen Yijun , Mobasher Mostafa E. , Waisman Haim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a novel dynamic poroelastic model for soil consolidation in an isotropic homogeneous fluid saturated porous media. A nonlocal integral‐type continuum damage formulation is applied to describe the damage evolution under dynamic excitations, in which a bilinear damage law is assumed. The governing equations are obtained by considering the conservation of momentum and mass balance for the solid–fluid mixtures, in which the fluid flow obeys Darcy's seepage law in the entire domain. The numerical solution of the fully coupled problem is achieved via a mixed FEM displacement–pressure element formulation. The mechanical equilibrium equations are evolved in time using a Newmark method and the resulting nonlinear system is solved via a Newton–Raphson method. Consistent linearization is then used to obtain the block Jacobian matrix analytically and the linear system is solved monolithically at each time step. Several numerical results are presented to study soil consolidation problems under harmonic excitations. We investigate the time‐dependence response of the skeleton displacement, pressure, and damage evolution. In addition, the examples demonstrate that the nonlocal integral‐type damage model can effectively overcome mesh dependence and yield smooth behavior.
Dexmedetomidine for prevention of opioid/benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care unit: Interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mondardini Maria Cristina , Daverio Marco , Caramelli Fabio , Conti Giorgio , Zaggia Cristina , Lazzarini Rossella , Muscheri Lidia , Azzolina Danila , Gregori Dario , Sperotto Francesca , Amigoni Angela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveWithdrawal syndrome (WS) may be a critical drawback of opioid/benzodiazepine weaning in children. The most effective intervention to reduce WS prevalence is yet to be determined. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) was estimated to be effective in reducing WS‐related symptoms, but no randomized trial has been conducted to prove its efficacy so far.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DEX in reducing the occurrence of WS.Design and SettingThis was an adaptive randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial conducted at three Italian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).PatientsIt included children admitted to PICU, undergoing at least five days of opioids/benzodiazepines continuous infusion, and ready to start the analgosedation weaning.InterventionTwenty‐four hours before the start of weaning, an infusion of DEX/placebo was started. WS symptoms were monitored using the Withdrawal‐Assessment‐Tool‐version‐1 (WAT‐1). In case of WS symptoms (WAT‐1 ≥ 3) an opioid/benzodiazepine bolus was given and the DEX/placebo infusion‐rate was increased.MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was the prevalence of WS. Secondary outcomes were the trend of WAT‐1 over time, number of rescue doses, length of weaning and PICU‐stay, and onset of adverse events (AEs).Main ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled, of whom 5 dropped‐out and 40 entered the interim analysis. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. WS prevalence did not significantly differ between groups (77.8% DEX vs 90.9% placebo, p = 0.381). By generalized linear mixed modeling, the WAT‐1 trend showed a significant increase per unit of time in the DEX arm (estimate 0.27, CI 0.07–0.47, p = 0.009) compared to placebo. Most frequent AEs were hemodynamic, and all of them happened in the DEX arm.ConclusionsA continuous infusion of DEX, started 24 h before the analgosedation weaning and increased based on WS signs, was not able to significantly modify the prevalence of WS in children who received at least five days of opioids/benzodiazepines treatment compared to placebo.