bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic administration of dendrimer N‐acetyl cysteine improves outcomes and survival following cardiac arrest
Authors: Modi Hiren R. , Wang Qihong , Olmstead Sarah J. , Khoury Elizabeth S. , Sah Nirnath , Guo Yu , Gharibani Payam , Sharma Rishi , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. , Kannan Sujatha , Thakor Nitish V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA), the sudden cessation of effective cardiac pumping function, is still a major clinical problem with a high rate of early and long‐term mortality. Post‐cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) may be related to an early systemic inflammatory response leading to exaggerated and sustained neuroinflammation. Therefore, early intervention with targeted drug delivery to attenuate neuroinflammation may greatly improve therapeutic outcomes. Using a clinically relevant asphyxia CA model, we demonstrate that a single (i.p.) dose of dendrimer‐N‐acetylcysteine conjugate (D‐NAC), can target “activated” microglial cells following CA, leading to an improvement in post‐CA survival rate compared to saline (86% vs. 45%). D‐NAC treatment also significantly improved gross neurological score within 4 h of treatment (p < 0.05) and continued to show improvement at 48 h (p < 0.05). Specifically, there was a substantial impairment in motor responses after CA, which was subsequently improved with D‐NAC treatment (p < 0.05). D‐NAC also mitigated hippocampal cell density loss seen post‐CA in the CA1 and CA3 subregions (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that early therapeutic intervention even with a single D‐NAC bolus results in a robust sustainable improvement in long‐term survival, short‐term motor deficits, and neurological recovery. Our current work lays the groundwork for a clinically relevant therapeutic approach to treating post‐CA syndrome.
Cost‐effectiveness of prophylactic hysterectomy in first‐degree female relatives with Lynch syndrome of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States: a microsimulation study
Authors: Alblas Maaike , Peterse Elisabeth F. P. , Du Mengmeng , Zauber Ann G. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , van Leeuwen Nikki , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of prophylactic hysterectomy (PH) in women with Lynch syndrome (LS).MethodsWe developed a microsimulation model incorporating the natural history for the development of hyperplasia with and without atypia into endometrial cancer (EC) based on the MISCAN‐framework. We simulated women identified as first‐degree relatives (FDR) with LS of colorectal cancer patients after universal testing for LS. We estimated costs and benefits of offering this cohort PH, accounting for reduced quality of life after PH and for having EC. Three minimum ages (30/35/40) and three maximum ages (70/75/80) were compared to no PH.ResultsIn the absence of PH, the estimated number of EC cases was 300 per 1,000 women with LS. Total associated costs for treatment of EC were $5.9 million. Offering PH to FDRs aged 40–80 years was considered optimal. This strategy reduced the number of endometrial cancer cases to 5.4 (−98%), resulting in 516 quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) gained and increasing the costs (treatment of endometrial cancer and PH) to $15.0 million (+154%) per 1,000 women. PH from earlier ages was more costly and resulted in fewer QALYs, although this finding was sensitive to disutility for PH.ConclusionsOffering PH to 40‐ to 80‐year‐old women with LS is expected to add 0.5 QALY per person at acceptable costs. Women may decide to have PH at a younger age, depending on their individual disutility for PH and premature menopause.
CT‐detected extramural venous invasion‐related gene signature for the overall survival prediction in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Gao Bo , Feng Caizhen , Chai Fan , Wei Shengcai , Hong Nan , Ye Yingjiang , Wang Yi , Cheng Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT)‐detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI) has been identified as an independent factor that can be used for risk stratification and prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Overall survival (OS) is identified as the most important prognostic indicator for GC patients. However, the molecular mechanism of EMVI development and its potential relationship with OS in GC are not fully understood. In this radiogenomics‐based study, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying CT‐detected EMVI in patients with GC, and aimed to construct a genomic signature based on EMVI‐related genes with the goal of using this signature to predict the OS.Materials and MethodsWhole mRNA genome sequencing of frozen tumor samples from 13 locally advanced GC patients was performed to identify EMVI‐related genes. EMVI‐prognostic hub genes were selected based on overlapping EMVI‐related differentially expressed genes and OS‐related genes, using a training cohort of 176 GC patients who were included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Another 174 GC patients from this database comprised the external validation cohort. A risk stratification model using a seven‐gene signature was constructed through the use of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model.ResultsPatients with high risk score showed significantly reduced OS (training cohort, p = 1.143e‐04; validation cohort, p = 2.429e‐02). Risk score was an independent predictor of OS in multivariate Cox regression analyses (training cohort, HR = 2.758; 95% CI: 1.825–4.169; validation cohort, HR = 2.173; 95% CI: 1.347–3.505; p < 0.001 for both). Gene functions/pathways of the seven‐gene signature mainly included cell proliferation, cell adhesion, regulation of metal ion transport, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.ConclusionsA CT‐detected EMVI‐related gene model could be used to predict the prognosis in GC patients, potentially providing clinicians with additional information regarding appropriate therapeutic strategy and medical decision‐making.
Stereotactic biopsy for adult brainstem lesions: A surgical approach and its diagnostic value according to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification
Authors: Jung In‐Ho , Chang Kyung Won , Park So Hee , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui Hyun , Jung Hyun Ho , Kang Seok‐Gu , Chang Jong Hee , Chang Jin Woo , Chang Won Seok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe brainstem has the critical role of regulating cardiac and respiratory function and it also provides motor and sensory function to the face via the cranial nerves. Despite the observation of a brainstem lesion in a radiological examination, it is difficult to obtain tissues for a pathological diagnosis because of the location and small volume of the brainstem. Thus, we aimed to share our 6‐year experience with stereotactic biopsies from brainstem lesions and confirm the value and safety of stereotactic biopsy on this highly eloquent area in this study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 42 adult patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy on brainstem lesions from 2015 to 2020. The radiological findings, surgical records, pathological diagnosis, and postoperative complications of all patients were analyzed.ResultsHistopathological diagnoses were made in 40 (95.2%) patients. Astrocytic tumors were diagnosed in 29 (69.0%) patients, diffuse large B cell lymphoma in 5 (11.9%) patients, demyelinating disease in 4 (9.5%) patients, germinoma in 1 (2.4%) patient, and radiation necrosis in 1 (2.4%) patient. In the 40 patients with successful stereotactic biopsy, 10 (25.0%) patients had inconsistent preoperative radiological diagnosis and postoperative pathological diagnosis. In addition, there was a difference between the treatments prescribed by the radiological and pathological diagnoses in 8 out of 10 patients whose diagnoses changed after biopsy. There was no operative mortality among the 42 patients.ConclusionsA pathological diagnosis can be made safely and efficiently in brainstem lesions using stereotactic biopsy. This pathological diagnosis will enable patients to receive appropriate treatment.
Compete through cheering, not comparison
Authors: McCarthy Claudine 
Published: September 2021

The pandemic forced athletics administrators to constantly rethink the ways they approached the daily work of an athletics department. For Nick Schroeder, M.S., Director of Athletics at Catawba Valley Community College in North Carolina, leading through the COVID‐19 crisis led him to embrace a fresh perspective about the value of sharing new ideas with colleagues. “As soon as you think you have figured out the best way to do something, someone has a new idea or process that can be beneficial to us. Oftentimes in sport, we get in the comparison game. I think this crisis allowed athletics departments to forget about comparing and get into the sharing mode of what is best for our students,” he said.
AGRMTS: A virtual aircraft maintenance training system using gesture recognition based on PSO‐BPNN model
Authors: Yan Yuling , Zhang Lijun , Chen Minye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe quality and efficiency of aircraft maintenance are the key to ensure flight safety and on‐time rate, which mainly depend on the techniques and experience of maintenance engineer. Generally, exercises on physical prototypes are used to improve the maintenance capability of engineers, but this will waste a lot of consumables and easily cause safety accidents. With the development of computer technology, maintenance training in a virtual environment has become an advanced and reliable solution. In this paper, a virtual training system of aircraft maintenance based on gesture recognition interaction is established. Leap Motion is used as a sensor to construct a hybrid machine learning gesture recognition model, so as to obtain natural human–computer interaction experience. In the recognition model, the initial weight matrix and the number of hidden layer nodes in the back propagation neural network are jointly optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with self‐adaption inertial weight. This optimization algorithm achieved a recognition rate of 81.26% in the dynamic gesture database constructed in this paper, which is higher than other available algorithms. A preliminary usability evaluation in university classrooms shows that the teaching system in this paper can achieve a better interactive experience.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Chalcone Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Qin , Zhou Lu‐Yi , Tan Ren‐Xian , Liang Guo‐Peng , Fang Si‐Xian , Li Wei , Xie Mei , Wen Yu‐Hao , Wu Jia‐Qiang , Chen Yi‐Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFifteen chalcone derivatives 3a–3o were synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. In vitro studies revealed that these compounds inhibited self‐induced Aβ1‐42 aggregation effectively ranged from 45.9–94.5 % at 20 μM, and acted as potential antioxidants. Their structure‐activity relationships were summarized. In particular, (2E)‐3‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3g) exhibited an excellent inhibitory activity of 94.5 % at 20 μM, and it could disassemble the self‐induced Aβ1‐42 aggregation fibrils with ratio of 57.1 % at 20 μM concentration. In addition, compound 3g displayed good chelating ability for Cu2+, and could effectively inhibit and disaggregate Cu2+‐induced Aβ aggregation. Moreover, compound 3g exerted low cytotoxicity, significantly reversed Aβ1‐42‐induced SH‐SY5Y cell damage. More importantly, compound 3g remarkably ameliorated scopolamine‐induced memory impairment in mice. In summary, all the results revealed compound 3g was a potential multifunctional agent for AD therapy.
Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyridine‐Based α‐Fluorinated Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Broese Timo , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter , von Langermann Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluoro‐substituted and heteroaromatic compounds are valuable intermediates for a variety of applications in pharma‐ and agrochemistry and synthetic chemistry. This study investigates the chemoenzymatic preparation of chiral alcohols bearing a heteroaromatic ring with an increasing degree of fluorination in α‐position. Starting from readily available picoline derivatives prochiral α‐halogenated acyl moieties were introduced with excellent selectivity and 64–95 % yield. The formed carbonyl group was subsequently reduced to the corresponding alcohols using the alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 95–>99 % and up to 98 % yield.
Exosome‐mediated lncRNA SNHG11 regulates angiogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma through miR‐324‐3p/VEGFA axis
Authors: Fang Xingbao , Cai Yan , Xu Yongping , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPancreatic carcinoma (PC) is one of the most common and deadly human malignancies worldwide. LncRNAs play significant roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers. LncRNA SNHG11 (SNHG11) has been found to display high expression in serum of PC patients, which implies that dysregulated SNHG11 may be related to the development of PC. However, there is still a knowledge gap concerning the specific function and molecular mechanism of SNHG11 in PC. After conducting experiments with constructed models in vitro or in vivo, we found that exosomal SNHG11 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis but impeded cell apoptosis in PC in vitro, and additionally, it facilitated tumor growth in vivo. Exosome‐mediated SNHG11 regulated the expression of VEGFA through sponging miR‐324‐3p. Rescue assays validated that the inhibitory effect of SNHG11 depletion on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis could be reversed by miR‐324‐3p downregulation or VEGFA upregulation, and the promoting effect of SNHG11 silence on cell apoptosis could be rescued by transfection of miR‐324‐3p inhibitor or pcDNA3.1‐VEGFA. To conclude, exosomal‐mediated SNHG11 could regulate PC progression via miR‐324‐3p/VEGFA axis. Our findings may provide a novel insight for understanding PC, which might contribute to the development of potential PC biomarker.
External locus of control and cognitive ability independently distinguish men in prison from community living non‐offending men
Authors: Fontao Maria Isabel , Ross Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to cope with failure and subsequent feedback is crucial for prisoner rehabilitation. Impaired executive function in prisoners, high trait aggression and external locus of control can undermine the capacity to react to feedback in socially adaptive ways.AimTo investigate the relationships between aggression, locus of control, and attribution in an experimental task involving feedback about failure and success.MethodsTwo groups were compared: 1. Imprisoned men, 2. Community living men without a history of incarceration. Aggression, locus of control and reasoning ability were assessed by means of psychometric instruments. An experimental task building on cognitive ability and providing performance‐related feedback was carried out. Attributions of failure and success were measured using an ad hoc rating scale.ResultsPrisoners reported higher levels of aggression and generalised externality, but poorer reasoning ability than the comparison group. Aggression was associated with external locus of control. In the experimental task, the community group showed higher success rates; higher scores on the task were correlated with less external attribution of own performance. Higher external locus of control and lower reasoning ability were independently associated with being a prisoner in a logistic regression model.Conclusions and ImplicationsMen in prison were characterised by greater social and fatalistic externality paired with lower reasoning ability than never incarcerated community men. In‐prison rehabilitation strategies should pay early attention to improving reasoning ability and enabling men to recognise likely overuse of externally attributing their difficulties to fate, then helping them to become more realistic in their attributions and make use of realistic feedback.
Safety and efficacy of thepolymer‐freeand polymer‐coated drug‐elutingstents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Zghouzi Mohamed , Ahmad Bachar , Suleiman Abdul‐Rahman M. , Zahid Salman , Faisaluddin Mohammed , Alabdalrazzak Mukhlis , Sattar Yasar , Kalra Ankur , Kapadia Samir , Fischman David L. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Mamas Mamas A. , Alraies M. Chadi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe relative safety and efficacy of polymer‐free (PF) versus polymer‐coated (PC) drug‐eluting stents (DES) in patients with angina or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention has received limited study.MethodDigital databases were queried to identify relevant studies. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and secondary outcomes were compared using a random effect model to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (OR).ResultsA total of 28 studies consisting of 23,198 patients were included in the final analysis. On pooled analysis, there was no significant difference in the odds of MACE (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91–1.08) and major bleeding (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.61–1.24) between patients undergoing PF‐DES versus PC‐DES. Similarly, the odds of myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiovascular mortality and need for target vessel revascularization was similar between the two groups. PF‐DES was favored due to significantly lower odds of non‐cardiac death (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–89) and all‐cause mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.95), but had a higher need for target lesion revascularization (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02–1.42). A subgroup analysis based on follow up duration, clinical presentation, presence of diabetes and class of eluting drugs mirrored the net estimates for all outcomes with a few exceptions. A sensitivity and meta‐regression analysis showed no influence of single‐study and duration of antiplatelet therapy on pooled outcomes.ConclusionIn patients presenting with angina or ACS, PF‐DES might be favored due to lower all‐cause mortality and equal risk of ischemic adverse cardiovascular and major bleeding events compared with PC‐DES.
Preparation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐doped and Interconnected Hierarchical Porous Biochar by Pyrolysis of Mantis Shrimp in CO2 Atmosphere for Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Yan , Huang Shuqiong , Sun Yangkai , Li Yunchao , Zhu Lingjun , Wang Shurong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA porous functional biochar (MSCs) rich in N and S heteroatom doping was prepared by pyrolyzing mantis shrimp shells as the biomass source of the typical processing seafood waste in CO2 atmosphere. The physical and chemical properties of carbon materials were adjusted by the control of the pyrolysis temperature. In this study, maximum specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume of 484.5 m2 g−1 and 0.291 cm3 g−1, respectively of the MSCs material were reached at 700 °C. Moreover, it was found in the characterization test that heteroatoms, such as N and S were successfully introduced into the carbon microstructure. MSC‐750 contains N of up to 9.46 % and 0.52 % of S. Although its SSA is only 431.6 m2 g−1, the specific capacitance of the 6 M KOH symmetrical supercapacitor at 1 A g−1 reaches the maximum value of 144.2 F g−1 among all samples due to the pseudocapacitance generated by its high content of heteroatomic functional groups.
New worlds, new chemistry, new ceramics
Authors: Navrotsky Alexandra , Householder Megan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpace missions have documented the chemical diversity and complexity of planets in our solar system. Astronomers have found thousands of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. Almost every star in our galaxy has one or more orbiting planets and they appear to be much more diverse than the few sampled in our solar system. This diversity implies immense chemical, ceramic, geological, and mineralogical complexity. Constrained by the limited data, understanding this range of planets poses a classic inverse problem in materials science, namely, to constrain the composition, phase relations, and evolution of a planet based on a few remote observations of its properties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general view of the Earth and of planets in our solar system and beyond, to introduce fundamental concepts of planetary structure and chemistry, and to identify outstanding questions and opportunities from the point of view of chemistry, materials science, and ceramics. This paper is composed of two parts. First, an introduction is followed by a discussion of the structure, geophysics, and phase equilibria in the Earth, to orient the non‐geologic reader to the basic phenomena and concepts. This is followed by a loose transcription of a lecture given by Navrotsky at the (virtual) 2020 American Ceramic Society meeting. This talk stressed the evolving nature of planetary science, especially inspired by the discovery of myriads of exoplanets, highlighted the Materials of the Universe Center at Arizona State University, and briefly described and compared planets in our solar system.
CD Stretching Modes are Sensitive to the Microenvironment in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sieling Thorben , Petersen Thorben , Alpers Torben , Christoffers Jens , Klüner Thorsten , Brand Izabella 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the structure of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids (IL) is crucial for their applications in electrochemical technologies. We report the synthesis and applicability of an imidazolium‐based amphiphilic ionic liquid with a perdeuterated alkyl chain for studies of electric potential‐dependent rearrangements, and changes in the microenvironment in a monolayer on a Au(111) surface. Electrochemical measurements show two states of the organization of ions on the electrode surface. In situ IR spectroscopy shows that the alkyl chains in imidazolium cations change their orientation depending on the adsorption state. The methylene‐d2 stretching modes in the perdeuterated IL display a reversible, potential‐dependent appearance of a new band. The presence of this mode also depends on the anion in the IL. Supported by quantum chemical calculations, this new mode is assigned to a second νas(CD2) band in alkyl‐chain fragments embedded in a polar environment of the anions/solvent present in the vicinity of the imidazolium cation and electrode. It is a measure of the potential‐dependent segregation between polar and nonpolar environments in the layers of an IL closest to the electrode.
CdS Reinforced with CoSX/NiCo‐LDH Core‐shell Co‐catalyst Demonstrate High Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Durability in Anhydrous Ethanol
Authors: Quan Yongkang , Wang Guorong , Li Dujuan , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAt present, inefficient charge separation of single photocatalyst impedes the development of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, the CoSX/NiCo‐LDH core‐shell co‐catalyst was cleverly designed, which exhibit high activity and high stability of hydrogen evolution in anhydrous ethanol system when coupled with CdS. Under visible light (λ≥420 nm) irradiation, the 3 %Co/NiCo/CdS composite photocatalyst exhibits a surprisingly high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 20.67 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 59 times than that of the original CdS. Continuous light for 20 h still showed good cycle stability. In addition, the 3 %Co/NiCo/CdS composite catalyst also shows good hydrogen evolution performance under the Na2S/Na2SO3 and lactic acid system. The fluorescence (PL), ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance (UV‐vis) and photoelectrochemical tests show that the coupling of CdS and CoSX/NiCo‐LDH not only accelerates the effective transfer of charges, but also greatly increases the absorption range of CdS to visible light. Therefore, the hydrogen evolution activity of the composite photocatalyst has been significantly improved. This work will provide new insights for the construction of new co‐catalysts and the development of composite catalysts for hydrogen evolution in multiple systems.