bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit Vologodsky integration for hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Kaya Enis 
Published: December 2021

Vologodsky’s theory of

p
p

-adic integration plays a central role in computing several interesting invariants in arithmetic geometry [Mosc. Math. J. 3 (2003), pp. 205–247, 260]. In contrast with the theory developed by Coleman [Invent. Math. 69 (1982), pp. 171–208; Duke Math. J. 52 (1985), pp. 765–770; Ann. of Math. (2) 121 (1985), pp. 111–168; Invent. Math. 93 (1988), pp. 239-266], it has the advantage of being insensitive to the reduction type at

p
p

. Building on recent work of Besser and Zerbes [Vologodsky integration on curves with semi-stable reduction, to appear in Israel J. Math], we describe an algorithm for computing Vologodsky integrals on bad reduction hyperelliptic curves. This extends previous joint work with Katz [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 8 (2022), pp. 6038–6106] to all meromorphic differential forms. We illustrate our algorithm with numerical examples computed in Sage.
Sutured ECH is a natural invariant
Authors: Kutluhan Çağatay , Sivek Steven , Taubes C. 
Published: December 2021

We show that sutured embedded contact homology is a natural invariant of sutured contact33-manifolds which can potentially detect some of the topology of the space of contact structures on a33-manifold with boundary. The appendix, by C. H. Taubes, proves a compactness result for the completion of a sutured contact33-manifold in the context of Seiberg–Witten Floer homology, which enables us to complete the proof of naturality.
Darwin’s and Wallace’s Fascinations With Oversized Morphology and the Question of Developmental Plasticity
Authors: Kawano Kazuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDarwin in his book, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, described his fascination with a male Chiasognathus grantii Stephens (Coreptera, Lucanidae), a stag beetle species with enormous mandibles. Wallace in his book, The Malay Archipelago, recorded his enchantment with a male Euchirus longimanus L. (Coreptera, Scarabaeoidae), a ‘chafer’ species with ‘immense fore-arms’ (tibia or femora). These oversized traits have been interpreted as the results of allometry through sexual selection. Both Darwin and Wallace were aware that there was a large variation in these oversized traits intraspecifically, leading to the question of the role of variability in species-level evolution. To answer this question, I studied the variation in developmental plasticity (DP; the individual ability to react to external environment) of the stag beetles, which shows a great variation in external morphology. These observations indicated that 1) DP (measured in body length) is independent of allometry of the mandibles, 2) allometry of the mandibles had been ingrained in most members of the Family before the differentiation of DP took place, 3) DP is indirectly related to sexual selection through elongated mandibles that are used for fighting or securing the mate, as evidenced by the close correlation of DP with the mandible length, and 4) the enormous mandibles of stag beetles are the product of enlarged DP through allometry and sexual selection. From these results, I add enhanced DP as an independent element in the evolution of seemingly oversized traits seen in many beetle species.
Baicalein-ameliorated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury dependent on calpain 1/AIF pathway
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhang Yaoshuai , Fei Lili , Zhang Yuhan , Pang Jinlong , Gao Wei , Fan Fangtian , Xing Yadong , Li Xian 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) has become the leading cause of death and disability. Baicalein is a natural bioactive ingredient extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has neuroprotective activity. In our work, baicalein was found to reduce neurological deficits, brain water content, infarct area, and neuronal death of rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. In vitro, oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced inordinate ROS production and apoptosis that could be reversed by baicalein. Our study revealed for the first time that baicalein has the potential to bind and inhibit the activity of calpain 1, thereby inhibiting AIF nuclear translocation. These findings demonstrated that baicalein protected against CIR injury via inhibiting AIF nuclear translocation by inhibiting calpain 1 activity.
Pollinators adjust their behavior to presence of pollinator-transmitted pathogen in plant population
Authors: Koupilová Klára , Štenc Jakub , Janovský Zdeněk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Interactions between pollinators and plants can be affected by presence of plant pathogens that substitute their infectious propagules for pollen in flowers and rely on pollinators for transmission to new hosts. However, it is largely unknown how pollinators integrate cues from diseased plants such as altered floral rewards and floral traits, and how their behavior changes afterwards. Understanding pollinator responses to diseased plants is crucial for predicting both pathogen transmission and pollen dispersal in diseased plant populations. In this study, we investigated pollinator responses to contact with plants of Dianthus carthusianorum diseased with anther smut (Microbotryum carthusianorum). We combined three approaches: 1) observation of individual pollinators foraging in experimental arrays of pre-grown potted plants; 2) measurements of floral rewards and floral traits of healthy and diseased plants; and 3) quantification of pollen/spore loads of pollinator functional groups. We found that pollinators showed only weak preferences for visiting healthy over diseased plants, but after landing on plants, they probed fewer flowers on the diseased ones. Since diseased flowers offered lower nectar and no pollen rewards, this behavior is consistent with the prediction of optimal foraging models that pollinators should spend less time exploring less rewarding patches or plants. Furthermore, pollen-foraging solitary bees and hoverflies responded to diseased plants more negatively than nectar-feeding butterflies did. Lastly, based on group-specific behavior and typical pollen/spore loads, we suggest that solitary bees and hoverflies contribute to both pollen and pathogen spore dispersal mainly over short distances, while butterfly visits are most important for long-distance dispersal.
Behavioral flexibility facilitates the use of spatial and temporal refugia during variable winter weather
Authors: Gilbert Neil A , Stenglein Jennifer L , Van Deelen Timothy R , Townsend Philip A , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In North America, winters are becoming more variable such that warm and cold extremes are increasingly common. Refugia (in time or space) can reduce the exposure animals experience to extreme temperatures. However, animals must be able to adjust their behavior to capitalize on refugia. Our goal was to identify the behavioral mechanisms that grant access to refugia in time and space, focusing on a northern ungulate (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus) as a model. We drew upon an extensive camera trap network in Wisconsin, USA, over two winters that experienced both warm and cold extremes. To understand the use of temporal refugia, we modeled deer activity (at daily resolution) during night, dawn, day, and dusk as a function of weather predictors. To understand the use of spatial refugia, we modeled deer activity at camera locations (at daily resolution) as a function of landscape characteristics, weather conditions, and landscape–weather interactions. During anomalously cold temperatures, deer became more diurnal; conversely, on anomalously warm days, deer were more nocturnal. Deer were more active in conifer-dominated landscapes on cold days. Conversely, during warm extremes, deer increased activity in deciduous-dominated landscapes. Finally, deer showed multiple modes of behavioral flexibility (activity in time as well as space) and demonstrated stronger responses to temperature anomalies later in the winter, suggesting that the effects of extreme events are dependent upon their seasonal timing. Behavioral shifts presumably reduce exposure to extremes and may render species more resilient to increasingly variable winter climates.
Design of novel oocyte activation methods: the role of zinc
Authors: Uh Kyungjun , Hay Alayna , Chen Paula , Reese Emily , Lee Kiho 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Oocyte activation occurs at the time of fertilization and is a series of cellular events initiated by intracellular Ca2+ increases. Consequently, oocytes are alleviated from their arrested state in meiotic metaphase II (MII), allowing for the completion of meiosis. Oocyte activation is also an essential step for somatic cell nuclear transfer and an important tool to overcome clinical infertility. Traditional artificial activation methods aim to mimic the intracellular Ca2+ changes which occur during fertilization. Recent studies emphasize the importance of cytoplasmic Zn2+ on oocyte maturation and the completion of meiosis, thus suggesting artificial oocyte activation approaches that are centered around the concentration of available Zn2+in oocytes. Depletion of intracellular Zn2+ in oocytes with heavy metal chelators leads to successful oocyte activation in the absence of cellular Ca2+ changes, indicating that successful oocyte activation does not always depends on intracellular Ca2+ increases. Current findings lead to new approaches to artificially activate mammalian oocytes by reducing available Zn2+ contents, and the approaches improve the outcome of oocyte activation when combined with existing Ca2+-based oocyte activation methods. Here, we review the important role of Ca2+ and Zn2+ in mammalian oocyte activation and development of novel oocyte activation approaches based on Zn2+ availability.
Structure-based discovery of selective CYP17A1 inhibitors for Castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Omoboyowa Damilola A , Balogun Toheeb A , Saibu Oluwatosin A , Chukwudozie Onyeka S , Alausa Abdullahi , Olubode Samuel O , Aborode Abdullahi T , Batiha Gaber E , Bodun Damilola S , Musa Sekinat O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy found in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is defined by PCa cells that stop responding to hormone therapy. Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of androgens in humans. Androgen signaling cascade is a principal survival pathway for PCa cells and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the key treatment for patients marked with locally advanced and metastatic PCa cells. Available synthetic drugs have been reported for toxicity, drug resistance, and decreasing efficacy. Thus, the design of novel selective inhibitors of CYP17A1 lyase would help circumvent associated side effects and improve pharmacological activities. Therefore, we employed structural bioinformatics techniques via molecular docking; molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and pharmacokinetic study to identify putative CYP17A1 lyase inhibitors. The results of the computational investigation showed that the Prunus dulcis compounds exhibited higher binding energy than the clinically approved abiraterone acetate. The stability of the ligand with the highest binding affinity (quercetin-3-o-rutinoside) was observed during MD simulation for 10 ns. Quercetin-3-o-rutinoside was observed to be stable within the active site of CYP17A1Lyase throughout the simulation period. The result of the pharmacokinetic study revealed that these compounds are promising therapeutic agents. Collectively, this study proposed that bioactive compounds from P. dulcis may be potential selective inhibitors of CYP17A1Lyase in CRPC treatments.
Tea consumption and the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Kaluza Joanna , Stackelberg Otto , Harris Holly R. , Björck Martin , Wolk Alicja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Tea has the potential to lower the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) owing to its high antioxidant capacity. AAA risk factors including smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia, may modify this association.

Methods
The study population included 45 047 men in the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and 36 611 women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC), aged 45–83 years at baseline. The COSM was established in 1997 with all men who lived in two central Swedish counties (Västmanland and Örebro), and the SMC was established in 1987–1990 with women residing in Västmanland county. Tea consumption was assessed by means of food frequency questionnaires in 1997 and 2009.

Results
During 17.5 years of follow-up, 1781 AAA cases (1496 men, 285 women; 1497 non-ruptured, 284 ruptured) were ascertained via Swedish registers. Tea consumption was inversely associated with total AAA incidence in men and women. Women had a 23 (95 per cent c.i. 8 to 36) per cent lower risk of AAA per each cup per day increment, whereas men had a 9 (0 to 17) per cent lower risk (Pinteraction = 0.029). Tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of both non-ruptured (hazard ratio (HR) 0.93, 95 per cent c.i. 0.85 to 1.01) and ruptured (HR 0.84, 0.71 to 0.98) AAA. Smoking status modified the association (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001), whereby tea consumption was associated with lower risk of AAA in ex-smokers (per cup per day, HR 0.89, 0.80 to 0.98) and in never smokers (HR 0.88, 0.77 to 1.00), but not in current smokers (HR 0.95, 0.84 to 1.06). Tea consumption was associated with a lower risk in participants with (HR 0.88, 0.80 to 0.98) and without (HR 0.93, 0.88 to 1.00) hypertension, and in those with (HR 0.82, 0.67 to 1.01) and without (HR 0.92, 0.86 to 0.98) hypercholesterolaemia.

Conclusion
Tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of AAA. The association was more pronounced for ruptured than non-ruptured AAA, and in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia than those without. The association was also observed in ex-smokers and never smokers, but not in current smokers.
Fixation of the Moran process on trees
Authors: Hajihashemi Mahdi , Aghababaei Samani Keivan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fixation time of evolutionary processes on graph-structured populations is highly affected by the underlying graph structure. In this article, we study the spreading of a single mutant on trees. We show that the number of leaves (terminal nodes) plays a crucial role in the fixation process. Our results show that the fastest fixation process occurs when approximately $\frac{1}{4}$ of nodes are leaves. Estimated fixation time based on the number of leaves in tree graphs is valid even when the tree is generated by specific mechanisms and has specific topologies and degree distributions.
Lymphatic invasion is a prognostic factor of pathological N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Toriumi Tetsuro , Yagi Koichi , Ri Motonari , Yajima Shoh , Okumura Yasuhiro , Aikou Susumu , Yamashita Hiroharu , Nomura Sachiyo , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Adjuvant treatment after upfront esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is indicated only for patients with lymph node metastasis in Japan. However, the recurrence rate after curative resection is high even for node-negative patients; thus, understanding the prognostic factors for patients with node-negative ESCC, which still remains unidentified, is important. Here, we aimed to reveal the prognostic factors for the long-term outcomes of patients with node-negative ESCC. Moreover, we compared the long-term outcomes among high-risk node-negative and node-positive patients. This single-institution retrospective study included 103 patients with pT1b-3N0 ESCC who underwent upfront surgery to identify the population at a high risk of recurrence. To compare overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between high-risk node-negative and node-positive patients, 51 node-positive ESCC patients with pStage IIIA or less who had undergone upfront surgery were also included. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. OS and RFS were compared using the log-rank test. Only lymphatic invasion (Ly+) was associated with worse 3-year OS (hazard ratio, 8.63; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–35.69; P = 0.0029) and RFS (hazard ratio, 4.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–14.02; P = 0.0034). The node-negative and Ly+ patients showed significantly worse OS (P = 0.0242) and RFS (P = 0.0114) than the node-positive patients who underwent chemotherapy. Ly+ is the only independent prognostic factor in patients with node-negative ESCC. Patients with node-negative and Ly+ ESCC may benefit from adjuvant treatment.
Research strategies in treatment of hypertension: value of retrospective real-life data
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This review will discuss the limitations of data collected by RCTs in relation to their applicability to daily life clinical management. It will then argue that these limitations are only partially overcome by modifications of RCT design and conduction (e.g. ‘pragmatic trials’) while being substantially attenuated by real-life-derived research, which can fill many gaps left by trial-collected evidence and have thus an important complementary value. The focus will be on the real-life research approach based on the retrospective analysis of the now widely available healthcare utilization databases (formerly known as administrative databases), which will be discussed in detail for their multiple advantages as well as challenges. Emphasis will be given to the potential of these databases to provide low-cost information over long periods on many different healthcare issues, drug therapies in particular, from the general population to clinically important subgroups, including (i) prognostic aspects of treatments implemented at the medical practice level via hospitalization and fatality data and (ii) medical practice-related phenomena such as low treatment adherence and therapeutic inertia (unsatisfactorily evaluated by RCTs). It will also be mentioned that thanks to the current availability of these data in electronic format, results can be obtained quickly, helping timely decisions under emergencies. The potential shortcomings of this approach (confounding by indication, misclassification, and selection bias) will also be discussed along with their possible minimization by suitable analytic means. Finally, examples of the contributions of studies on hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors will be offered based on retrospective healthcare utilization databases that have provided information on real-life cardiovascular treatments unavailable via RCTs.
Ventricular tachycardia characteristics and outcomes with catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic therapy: insights from the VANISH trial
Authors: Deyell Marc W , Doucette Steve , Parkash Ratika , Nault Isabelle , Gula Lorne , Gray Christopher , Gardner Martin , Sterns Laurence D , Healey Jeff S , Essebag Vidal , Sapp John L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation is superior to escalated antiarrhythmic drugs among patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and prior myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is uncertain whether clinical VT characteristics, should influence choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether presentation with electrical storm and the clinical VT cycle length predicted response to ablation vs. escalated antiarrhythmic therapy.

Methods and results
All patients enrolled in the Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation vs. Escalated Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Ischaemic Heart Disease (VANISH) trial were included. The association between VT cycle length and presentation with electrical storm and the primary outcome of death, subsequent VT storm or appropriate ICD shock was evaluated. Among the study population of 259 patients, escalated antiarrhythmic drug therapy had worse outcomes for those presenting with a VT cycle length &gt;400 ms [&lt;150 b.p.m., 89/259, hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 (1.02–3.13)]. This effect was more pronounced among those taking amiodarone at baseline [HR of 2.22 (1.19–4.16)]. Presentation with VT storm (32/259) did not affect the primary outcome between groups. However, those presenting with VT storm on amiodarone had a trend towards worse outcomes with escalated antiarrhythmic therapy [HR 4.31 (0.55–33.93)].

Conclusion
The VT cycle length can influence response to either ablation or escalated drug therapy in patients with VT and prior MI. Those with slow VT had improved outcomes with ablation. Patients presenting with electrical storm demonstrated similar outcomes to the overall trial population, with a trend to benefit of catheter ablation, particularly in those on amiodarone.
A case report of COVID-19-associated erythema nodosum: a classic presentation with a new trigger
Authors: Parker Eva R , Fitzpatrick Ashli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Over the course of the pandemic, cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections have been increasingly characterized, yet only a few cases of erythema nodosum (EN) are reported in the literature and international registries.

Case presentation
In this report, we describe a case of tender, erythematous nodules that appeared acutely on the distal legs in a 48-year-old female with renal transplant following SARSs-CoV-2 infection complicated by prolonged fevers and pneumonia. The patient was diagnosed with a classic presentation of EN arising from a new and emerging trigger—COVID-19 infection. The cutaneous lesions resolved with conservative management.

Conclusions
This report highlights the importance of clinician awareness of the potential association of COVID-19 with a classic clinical presentation of EN and underscores that these cases can be managed with the same therapeutic repertoire as EN due to other aetiologies. Of note, use of systemic agents was not employed in this case, as our patient improved with conservative therapy alone.
Using gene expression to identify the most suitable environmental conditions for growth and metabolism of juvenile deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) in the Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Martínez-Silva Maria Angelica , Vagner Marie , Senay Caroline , Audet Céline 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deepwater redfish Sebastes mentella will be among the most important resource-sustaining commercial bottom-fish fisheries in the years to come in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL). In 2011, 2012, and 2013, three strong cohorts were recruited to the stock; their abundance in 2018 was 80 times higher than that of the 1993–2012 period. The main goal of this work was to deepen our knowledge of their growth regulation and metabolism in order to identify molecular indicators and determine how they are influenced by natural environmental conditions. Fish weight and water temperature explained 11% of the variation in relative mRNA levels of specific gene targets in liver and muscle among seven sites where deepwater redfish were captured in the EGSL. The relative expression of liver insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) and white muscle A-chain lactate dehydrogenase (ldh-a) correlate positively with weight, whereas heavy chain muscle myosin (myo), heart citrate synthase (cs), and white muscle pyruvate kinase (pk) correlate negatively. The relative expression of heart cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) and white muscle igf-1 receptor isoform a (igf-1ra) correlate negatively with temperature. Deepwater redfish from the estuary were smaller than those caught at other sites. Since the growth potential of deepwater redfish was strongly correlated with temperature (being enhanced by higher temperatures), this study suggests an ecological advantage for this species in a climate-warming context.