bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential diagnosis role of TP53 mutation in advanced bladder cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liao Yihao , Tang Huiqin , Wang Miaomiao , Wang Keke , Wang Youzhi , Jiang Ning 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer is one of the most common urological cancers all over the world, and NMIBC occupies almost 80% of recently diagnosed bladder cancer cases. Progress and recurrence of bladder cancer are the main problems during the disease. The level of TP53 mutation is obviously higher in the high stage than the lower. This meta‐analysis is to evaluate the potential diagnosis feature of TP53 mutation by the expression of TP53 mutation of Ta stage vs high stage in bladder cancer.MethodsA systematic search of databases was conducted, and some relevant articles were selected. Next, the meta‐analysis was carried out according to the standard guidelines.ResultsThere were seven researches in which 677 participants were selected at the basis of inclusion standard. TP53 mutation was associated highly with increased diagnosis of bladder cancer. We found that the high stage of bladder cancer has obviously higher level of TP53 mutation than the lower stage, and these patients of MIBC have higher expression of TP53 mutation compared with NMIBC. No significant publication bias has been observed in this meta‐analysis. The expression of TP53 mutation might be a diagnose‐related biomarker for lots of patients with bladder cancer.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis provided further evidences that the expression of TP53 mutation was associated with the diagnosis efficiency of advanced bladder cancer. Higher expression of TP53 mutation was observed in the high stage of bladder cancer or the MIBC, and lower expression of TP53 mutation in the Ta stage of bladder cancer or the NMIBC. The expression level of TP53 mutation was probably a critical diagnosed biomarker in advanced bladder cancer.
Patient‐specific Virtual Temporal Bone Simulation Based on Clinical Cone‐beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts , Varadarajan Varun V. , Moberly Aaron C. , Hittle Bradley , Powell Kimerly A. , Wiet Gregory J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesPatient‐specific surgical simulation allows presurgical planning through three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and virtual rehearsal. Virtual reality simulation for otologic surgery can be based on high‐resolution cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to evaluate clinicians' experience with patient‐specific simulation of mastoid surgery.MethodsProspective, multi‐institutional study. Preoperative temporal bone CBCT scans of patients undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) were retrospectively obtained. Automated processing and segmentation routines were used. Otologic surgeons performed a complete mastoidectomy with facial recess approach on the patient‐specific virtual cases in the institution's temporal bone simulator. Participants completed surveys regarding the perceived accuracy and utility of the simulation.ResultsTwenty‐two clinical CBCTs were obtained. Four attending otologic surgeons and 5 otolaryngology trainees enrolled in the study. The mean number of simulations completed by each participant was 16.5 (range 3–22). “Overall experience” and “usefulness for presurgical planning” were rated as “good,” “very good,” or “excellent” in 84.6% and 71.6% of the simulations, respectively. In 10.7% of simulations, the surgeon reported to have gained a significantly greater understanding of the patient's anatomy compared to standard imaging. Participants were able to better appreciate subtle anatomic findings after using the simulator for 60.4% of cases. Variable CBCT acquisition quality was the most reported limitation.ConclusionPatient‐specific simulation using preoperative CBCT is feasible and may provide valuable insights prior to otologic surgery. Establishing a CBCT acquisition protocol that allows for consistent segmentation will be essential for reliable surgical simulation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1855–1862, 2021
Characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm for morphological and seed nutrient traits from Western Himalayas
Authors: Jan Sofora , Rather Irshad Ahmad , Sofi Parvaze Ahmad , Wani Mohd Altaf , Sheikh Farooq Ahmad , Bhat Mohammad Ashraf , Mir Reyazul Rouf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered as one of the principle grain legume crops grown in Western Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This region holds great diversity of common bean germplasm. The purpose of present study was to characterize 109 common bean genotypes collected from different hotspots for morphological traits—plant growth (growth habit, growth type, and twinning habit); leaf (color, size, and shape); flower (color, stripping on outer petal); pod (shape in relation to suture, shape of cross‐section, shape of distal part, and stringiness), seed (color and shape) traits, and quantitative morphological traits (seed weight, length, and breadth). The preliminary analysis of trait data showed wide variation for different morphological traits. Furthermore, diverse 60 genotypes were selected out of 109 genotypes and were evaluated for seed micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Cu) and seed macronutrients (K, Ca, P, and Mg). The analysis of seed micronutrient and macronutrient data indicated substantial variation for these minerals in the germplasm. Seed Mg, P, K, and Ca concentrations varied from 1,220.5 to 2,737.5 ppm, 1,980–4,050 ppm, 8,344.5–14,794 ppm, and 300–5,350 ppm, respectively. Similarly, seed micronutrients Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations ranged from 80.5–180.6 ppm, 14.64–104.08 ppm, and 0.9–13.4 ppm, respectively. The evaluation for seed micronutrient and macronutrient led to the identification of candidate genotypes possessing high seed micronutrient and macronutrient. The candidate genotypes identified during the present study will prove useful in common bean breeding programs as donor genotypes, in development of useful genetic resources and in gene discovery programs through functional genomics and transcriptomics.
Comparison of pedicled versus free flaps for reconstruction of extensive deep sternal wound defects following cardiac surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Falkner Florian , Thomas Benjamin , Haug Valentin , Nagel Sarah S. , Vollbach Felix H. , Kneser Ulrich , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyocutaneous pedicled flaps are the method of choice for sternal reconstruction after deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) following cardiac surgery. We set out to investigate whether free flaps provide a superior alternative for particularly extended sternal defects.MethodsBetween October 2008 and February 2020, 86 patients with DSWI underwent sternal reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps at our institution. Patients were retrospectively grouped into pedicled (A; n = 42) and free flaps (B, n = 44). The objective was to compare operative details, outcome variables, surgical as well as medical complication rates between both groups, retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the effect of increasing defect size on flap necrosis.ResultsRates of partial flap necrosis (>5% of the skin island) were significant higher in pedicled flaps (n = 14), when compared to free flaps (n = 4) (OR: 5.0; 33 vs. 9%; p = .008). Increasing defect size was a significant risk factor for the incidence of partial flap necrosis of pedicled flaps (p = .012), resulting in a significant higher rate of additional surgeries (p = .036). Binary regression model revealed that the relative likelihood of pedicled flap necrosis increased by 2.7% with every extra square‐centimeter of defect size.ConclusionTo avoid an increased risk of partial flap necrosis, free flaps expand the limits of extensive sternal defect reconstruction with encouragingly low complication rates and proved to be a superior alternative to pedicled flaps in selected patients.
Star‐shaped copolymers with PLA–PEG arms and their potential applications as biomedical materials
Authors: Kubisa Przemyslaw , Lapienis Grzegorz , Biela Tadeusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review is devoted to the star‐shaped polylactide‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA‐b‐PEG) polymers with hydrophobic‐hydrophilic arms. Star‐shaped polymers have a more compact structure as compared to linear counterparts but what is more important contain more end‐groups. If end‐groups are hydrophilic (such as hydroxyl groups), it may shift the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic balance of hydrophobic polymer such as PLA. Additional improvement of hydrophilicity may be achieved by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) segments. In this review, we are discussing synthetic approaches and basic properties of star‐shaped polylactide‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA‐b‐PEG). The introduction of hydrophilic fragments (PEG) into hydrophobic chains (PLA) causes the considerable change of many properties of PLA polymers and extends their applications, particularly biomedical. The influence of the architecture and the number of arms of synthesized polymers as well as the content of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks on their properties is also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on researches on the obtained polymers (in vitro and in vivo) as potential materials for biomedical applications.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes composite sponges with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Chen Tianxiang , Chen Sina , Wang Jinyun , Lin Tengfei , Wu Weihang , Yang Weijin , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composite sponge with preferable properties was fabricated via water solution mixing and casting technique with a fixed PVA ratio and the various contents of nano‐fillers. The morphology and physical properties of all the samples have been studied and characterized extensively. The results showed that HNTs were uniformly aligned along in the PVA matrix depending on good interfacial interactions between HNTs and PVA matrix. The addition of HNTs decreased the pore sizes and porosity of the sponges. Mechanical tests indicated that the incorporation of HNTs contribute to the reinforcement in mechanical properties of composite sponges under both dry and moist conditions. In addition, the composites showed better performances in thermal stability and water absorption capacity than pure PVA sponges. Rhodamine B and ibuprofen were employed to evaluate the control release ability. The results illustrated that increasing HNT contents can enhance the sustained release ability of PVA sponges.
Internal structure and palsa development at Orravatnsrústir Palsa Site (Central Iceland), investigated by means of integrated resistivity and ground‐penetrating radar methods
Authors: Emmert Adrian , Kneisel Christof 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe natural cyclical development of palsas makes it difficult to use visible signs of decay as reference points for environmental change. Thus, to determine the actual development stage of a palsa, investigations of the internal structure are crucial. Our study presents 2‐D and 3‐D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and 2‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) results, measurements of surface and subsurface temperatures, and of the soil matric potential from Orravatnsrústir Palsa Site in Central Iceland. By a joint interpretation of the results, we deduce the internal structure (i.e., thickness of thaw zone and permafrost, ice/water content) of five palsas of different size and shape. The results differentiate between initial and mature development stages and show that palsas of different development stages can exist in close proximity. While internal characteristics indicate undisturbed development of four palsas, one palsa shows indications of environmental change. Our study shows the value of the multimethod geophysical approach and introduces measurements of the soil matric potential as a promising method to assess the current state of the subsurface.
Protein secondary structure assignment using pc‐polyline and convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Lincong , Cao Chen , Zuo Shuxue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivationThe assignment of protein secondary structure elements (SSEs) underpins structural analysis and prediction. The backbone of a protein could be adequately represented using a pc‐polyline that passes through the centers of its peptide planes. One salient feature of pc‐polyline representation is that the secondary structure of a protein becomes recognizable in a matrix whose elements are the pairwise distances between two peptide plane centers. Thus, a pc‐polyline could in turn be used to assign SSEs.ResultsUsing convolutional neural network (CNN) here we confirm that a pc‐polyline indeed contains enough information for it to be used for the accurate assignments of the six SSE types: α‐helix, β‐sheet, β‐bulge, 310‐helix, turn and loop. The applications to three large data sets show that the assignments by our CNN‐based p2psse program agree very well with those by dssp, stride and quite well with those by five other programs. The analyses of their SSE assignments raise some general questions about the characterizations of protein secondary structure. In particular the analyses illustrate the difficulty with giving a quantitative and consistent definition for each of the six SSE types especially for 310‐helix, β‐bulge, turn or loop in terms of either backbone H‐bond patterns, or backbone dihedral angles, or Cα‐polyline or pc‐polyline. The difficulty suggests that the SSE space though being dominated by the regions for the six SSE types is to a certain degree continuous.AvailabilityThe program is available at https://github.com/wlincong/p2pSSE.
Application of graphene‐based adsorbents in the treatment of dye‐contaminated wastewater; kinetic and isotherm studies
Authors: Mindivan Ferda , Gül Ülküye Dudu , Göktaş Meryem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on graphene‐based adsorbents was tested through the batch experimental method. Two types of graphene‐based adsorbents as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were compared to investigate the best adsorbent for MB removal. So that optimizing the MB removal for the selected type of graphene‐based adsorbent, the diverse experimental factors, as pH (2–10), contact time (0–1440 min), adsorbent dosage (0.5–2 g/L), and initial MB concentration (25–400 mg/L) were analyzed. The conclusions indicated that the MB removal rised with an increase in the initial concentration of the MB and so rises in the amount of adsorbent used and initial pH. Maximum dye removal was calculated as 99.11% at optimal conditions after 240 min. Adsorption data were compiled by the Langmuir isotherm (R2: 0.999) and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models (R2: 0.999). The Langmuir isotherm model accepted that the homogeneous surface of the GO adsorbent covering with a single layer. And the adsorption energy was calculated as 9.38 kJ mol−1 according to the D‐R model indicating the chemical adsorption occurred. The results show that GO could be utilized for the treatment of dye‐contaminated aqueous solutions effectively.
Novel insight on temporary frequency support of variable speed wind energy conversion system
Authors: Lao Huanjing , Zhang Li , Zhao Tong , Zou Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the recent decade, temporary frequency support derived from variable speed wind turbine generator has been drawing increasing attention in the electronic‐growing power system. Frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency are two key indicators temporary frequency support strives to improve. This paper proposes a novel insight on frequency regulation of wind power. Note that considerable part of load is shared by synchronous generators and wind turbine generator and the system frequency still will be dominated by the former for a period of time. Simultaneously taking the frequency regulation characteristic of synchronous and power balance into account, a novel frequency regulation scheme aiming at improving system's frequency regulation performance is proposed and tested in a 7‐machine power system with an aggregated wind farm on MATLAB/Simulink to investigate what inherently determines the performance of frequency regulation. Results show that with differential cooperation of synchronous generator and doubly fed induction generator, frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency can be partially improved. Particularly, regarding to handling the issue of control delay, an appropriately slower action upon detecting a frequency event may not screw up it but contribute to a higher frequency nadir, which benefits from the spontaneous cooperation of synchronous generator and wind power with constraint of power balance.
General Overview of Organic Cation Transporters in Brain
Authors: Koepsell Hermann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInhibitors of Na+/Cl−dependent high affinity transporters for norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and/or dopamine (DA) represent frequently used drugs for treatment of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and addiction. These transporters remove NE, 5-HT, and/or DA after neuronal excitation from the interstitial space close to the synapses. Thereby they terminate transmission and modulate neuronal behavioral circuits. Therapeutic failure and undesired central nervous system side effects of these drugs have been partially assigned to neurotransmitter removal by low affinity transport. Cloning and functional characterization of the polyspecific organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1), OCT2 (SLC22A2), OCT3 (SLC22A3) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter PMAT (SLC29A4) revealed that every single transporter mediates low affinity uptake of NE, 5-HT, and DA. Whereas the organic transporters are all located in the blood brain barrier, OCT2, OCT3, and PMAT are expressed in neurons or in neurons and astrocytes within brain areas that are involved in behavioral regulation. Areas of expression include the dorsal raphe, medullary motoric nuclei, hypothalamic nuclei, and/or the nucleus accumbens. Current knowledge of the transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by the organic cation transporters, their interactions with psychotropic drugs, and their locations in the brain is reported in detail. In addition, animal experiments including behavior tests in wildtype and knockout animals are reported in which the impact of OCT2, OCT3, and/or PMAT on regulation of salt intake, depression, mood control, locomotion, and/or stress effect on addiction is suggested.
Growing Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in the Chicago Region
Authors: Smith Janet L. , Sonmez Zafer , Zettel Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncome inequality in the United States has been growing since the 1980s and is particularly noticeable in large urban areas like the Chicago metro region. While not as high as New York or Los Angeles, the Gini Coefficient for the Chicago metro area (.48) was the same as the United States in 2015 but rising at a faster rate, suggesting it will surpass the US national level in 2020. This chapter examines the Chicago region’s growing income inequality since 1980 using US Census data collected in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, focusing on where people live based on occupation as well as income. When mapped out, the data shows a city and region that is becoming more segregated by occupation and income as it becomes both richer and poorer. A result is a shrinking number of middle-class and mixed neighbourhoods. The resulting patterns of socioeconomic spatial segregation also align with patterns of racial/ethnic segregation attributed to historical housing development and market segmentation, as well as recent efforts to advance Chicago as a global city through tourism and real estate development.
Residential Segregation Between Income Groups in International Perspective
Authors: Comandon Andre , Veneri Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyzes income data from 194 cities in 14 countries to provide an overview of residential segregation patterns in a comparative perspective. We use the dissimilarity index to measure segregation between lower income households and middle-income and higher income households. The results expand results consistent with existing research to a larger number of countries. Higher income households segregation from lower income households is significantly higher than for middle-income households. High-inequality cities are more segregated, on average, than low-inequality ones. It is in the deviation from these patterns, however, that the analysis contributes to a comparative research agenda. It highlights cities and countries that do not fit general trends and raises questions about the relative role of national and local factors in influencing levels of segregation, questions the case studies delve into in the rest of the volume.
Socio-Economic Residential Segregation in Greater Buenos Aires: Evidence of Persistent Territorial Fragmentation Processes
Authors: Molinatti Florencia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocio-economic residential segregation is a common feature of almost all Argentinean cities, neatly divided into poor, middle-class, and affluent neighborhoods. At the end of the 1980s, and especially over the 1990s, the process of suburbanization for affluent and upper middle-class groups was consolidated as a generalized model. This study concentrates on the trends and the patterns of socio-economic segregation in Buenos Aires and focuses on two major dimensions of segregation: the spatial concentration patterns of a given social group in specific areas and the degree of social homogeneity within such areas. Socio-economic segregation is described using the highest level of education that a householder has completed as a proxy for socio-economic status. The indices of segregation and dissimilarity are used as the main measure to compare the level and changes of residential segregation but other metrics—such as location quotient index—are also used to estimate the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity in neighboring areas. This study uses population and household census data from 1991, 2001, and 2010 provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), and the data are presented at the spatial disaggregation level of block groups called ‘radios censales’.
Social Inequality and Spatial Segregation in Cape Town
Authors: Turok Ivan , Visagie Justin , Scheba Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCape Town is widely considered to be South Africa’s most segregated city. The chapter outlines the history of social stratification and spatial segregation, including the coercion of colonial and apartheid governments to divide the population by race. Since 1994, the democratic government has lacked the same resolve and capacity to reverse this legacy and integrate the city. The chapter also analyses the changing socio-economic and residential patterns between 2001 and 2011 in more detail. It shows that the extent of segregation diminished between 2001 and 2011, contrary to expectations. It appears that affluent neighbourhoods became slightly more mixed and people in high-status occupations spread into surrounding areas. Some low-income neighbourhoods also became slightly more mixed by accommodating middle class residents. Further research is required to verify and explain these findings.