bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MXenes as a versatile platform for reactive surface modification and superior sodium‐ion storages
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Du Cheng‐Feng , Xue Yaqing , Tan Xianyi , Kang Jinzhao , Gao Yan , Yu Hong , Yan Qingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOwing to the large surface area and adjustable surface properties, the two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes have revealed the great potential in constructing hybrid materials and for Na‐ion storage (SIS). In particular, the facilitated Na‐ion adsorption, intercalation, and migration on MXenes can be achieved by surface modification. Herein, a new surface modification strategy on MXenes, namely, the reactive surface modification (RSM), is focused and illustrated, while the recent advances in the research of SIS performance based on MXenes and their derivatives obtained from the RSM process are briefly summarized as well. In the second section, the intrinsic surface chemistries of MXenes and their surface‐related physicochemical properties are first summarized. Meanwhile, the close relationship between the surface characters and the Na‐ion adsorption, intercalation, and migration on MXenes is emphasized. Following the SIS properties of MXenes, the surface‐induced SIS property variations, and the SIS performance of RSM MXene‐based hybrids are discussed progressively. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects on the RSM MXene‐based hybrids for SIS are proposed.
The impact of the hypoxia‐VEGF‐vascular permeability on COVID‐19‐infected patients
Authors: Cao Yihai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective treatment of patients with severe COVID‐19 to reduce mortality remains one of the most challenging medical issues in controlling unpredictable emergencies caused by the global pandemics. Unfortunately, such effective therapies are not available at this time of writing. In this article, I discuss the possibility of repurposing clinically available anti‐VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs that are routinely used in oncology and ophthalmology areas for effective treatment of patients with severe and critical COVID‐19. Our preliminary findings from a clinical trial support the therapeutic concept of using anti‐VEGF for treating patients with severe COVID‐19 to reduce mortality. The aim of this article is to further provide mechanistic insights into the role of VEGF in causing pathological changes during COVID‐19 infection.
Distinct structural and dynamic components of portal hypertension in different animal models and human liver disease etiologies
Authors: Königshofer Philipp , Hofer Benedikt Silvester , Brusilovskaya Ksenia , Simbrunner Benedikt , Petrenko Oleksandr , Wöran Katharina , Herac Merima , Stift Judith , Lampichler Katharina , Timelthaler Gerald , Bauer David , Hartl Lukas , Robl Bernhard , Sibila Maria , Podesser Bruno K. , Oberhuber Georg , Schwabl Philipp , Mandorfer Mattias , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Liver fibrosis is the static and main (70%‐80%) component of portal hypertension (PH). We investigated dynamic components of PH by a three‐dimensional analysis based on correlation of hepatic collagen proportionate area (CPA) with portal pressure (PP) in animals or HVPG in patients.

Approach and Results
Different animal models (bile duct ligation: n = 31, carbon tetrachloride: n = 12, thioacetamide: n = 12, choline‐deficient high‐fat diet: n = 12) and patients with a confirmed single etiology of cholestatic (primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis: n = 16), alcohol‐associated (n = 22), and metabolic (NASH: n = 19) liver disease underwent CPA quantification on liver specimens/biopsies. Based on CPA‐to‐PP/HVPG correlation, potential dynamic components were identified in subgroups of animals/patients with lower‐than‐expected and higher‐than‐expected PP/HVPG. Dynamic PH components were validated in a patient cohort (n = 245) using liver stiffness measurement (LSM) instead of CPA. CPA significantly correlated with PP in animal models (Rho = 0.531; p < 0.001) and HVPG in patients (Rho = 0.439; p < 0.001). Correlation of CPA with PP/HVPG varied across different animal models and etiologies in patients. In models, severity of hyperdynamic circulation and specific fibrosis pattern (portal fibrosis: p = 0.02; septa width: p = 0.03) were associated with PH severity. In patients, hyperdynamic circulation (p = 0.04), vascular dysfunction/angiogenesis (VWF‐Ag: p = 0.03; soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1: p = 0.03), and bile acids (p = 0.04) were dynamic modulators of PH. The LSM‐HVPG validation cohort confirmed these and also indicated IL‐6 (p = 0.008) and hyaluronic acid (HA: p < 0.001) as dynamic PH components.

Conclusions
The relative contribution of “static” fibrosis on PH severity varies by type of liver injury. Next to hyperdynamic circulation, increased bile acids, VWF‐Ag, IL‐6, and HA seem to indicate a pronounced dynamic component of PH in patients.
Mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cell tumor infiltration predicts long‐term survival in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zimmer Christine L. , Filipovic Iva , Cornillet Martin , O’Rourke Colm J. , Berglin Lena , Jansson Hannes , Sun Dan , Strauss Otto , Hertwig Laura , Johansson Helene , von Seth Erik , Sparrelid Ernesto , Dias Joana , Glaumann Hans , Melum Espen , Ellis Ewa C. , Sandberg Johan K. , Andersen Jesper B. , Bergquist Annika , Björkström Niklas K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from biliary epithelial cells of intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts with dismal prognosis and few nonsurgical treatments available. Despite recent success in the immunotherapy‐based treatment of many tumor types, this has not been successfully translated to CCA. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are cytotoxic innate‐like T cells highly enriched in the human liver, where they are located in close proximity to the biliary epithelium. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterize MAIT cells in intrahepatic (iCCA) and perihilar CCA (pCCA).

Approach and Results
Liver tissue from patients with CCA was used to study immune cells, including MAIT cells, in tumor‐affected and surrounding tissue by immunohistochemistry, RNA‐sequencing, and multicolor flow cytometry. The iCCA and pCCA tumor microenvironment was characterized by the presence of both cytotoxic T cells and high numbers of regulatory T cells. In contrast, MAIT cells were heterogenously lost from tumors compared to the surrounding liver tissue. This loss possibly occurred in response to increased bacterial burden within tumors. The residual intratumoral MAIT cell population exhibited phenotypic and transcriptomic alterations, but a preserved receptor repertoire for interaction with tumor cells. Finally, the high presence of MAIT cells in livers of iCCA patients predicted long‐term survival in two independent cohorts and was associated with a favorable antitumor immune signature.

Conclusions
MAIT cell tumor infiltration associates with favorable immunological fitness and predicts survival in CCA.
On‐campus food purchasing behaviours and satisfaction of Australian university students
Authors: Hutchesson Melinda J. , Whatnall Megan C. , Patterson Amanda J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIssue addressedMany university students have unhealthy dietary intake. The food environment on university campuses is a potentially important contributor to students’ diet. This study aimed to describe on‐campus food purchasing behaviours; satisfaction with the cost and availability of foods and beverages on‐campus; and preferences for the on‐campus food environment, in a sample of Australian university students.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey of 409 students at the University of Newcastle, Australia was conducted in 2017‐2018. The survey assessed on‐campus purchasing behaviours (frequency of purchase and expenditure), satisfaction with the cost and availability of foods, preferences for the on‐campus food environment, and socio‐demographics (eg age, domestic/international student). Results are reported as basic descriptive statistics.ResultsThe majority of students (94%) purchased food or beverages on‐campus, with 59% purchasing at least once per week. Satisfaction with the availability of foods was low (35.8% satisfied with the types of main meals available, and 48.5% for snacks); however, 72.8% were satisfied with types of beverages available. The majority of students were not satisfied with the cost of food and beverages (<40%). The top‐rated preferences for changes to the on‐campus food environment were healthier options, higher quality food, and cheaper food.ConclusionOverall, the findings demonstrate strong support from students for healthier and cheaper food to be made available on‐campus.So what?There are two main factors of concern with regard to university food environments; the healthiness of food and beverage options and their cost. These should be key considerations of any future strategies aiming to improve university food environments.
Thermo‐electrokinetic rotating non‐Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow from an accelerating vertical surface
Authors: Jayavel Prakash , Tripathi Dharmendra , Anwar Bég O. , Tiwari Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the combined effects of Coriolis force and electric force on the rotating boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a viscoplastic hybrid nanofluid from a vertical exponentially accelerated plate. The hybrid nanofluid comprises two different types of metallic nanoparticles, namely silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) suspended in an aqueous base fluid. The Casson model is deployed for non‐Newtonian effects. An empirical model is implemented to determine the thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluid. Rosseland's radiative diffusion flux model is also utilized. An axial electrical field is considered and the Poisson–Boltzmann equation is linearized via the Debye–Hückel approach. The resulting coupled differential equations subject to prescribed boundary conditions are solved with Laplace transforms. Numerical evaluation of solutions is achieved via MATLAB symbolic software. A parametric study of the impact of key parameters on axial velocity, transverse velocity, nanoparticle temperature and Nusselt number is conducted for both the hybrid (Ag–MgO)–water nanofluid and also unitary (Ag)–water nanofluid. With increasing volume fraction of silver nanoparticles, there is a reduction in both axial velocity and temperatures, whereas there is a distinct elevation in transverse velocity for both unitary and hybrid nanofluids. Elevation in the heat absorption parameter strongly decreases axial velocity, whereas it enhances transverse velocity. Increasing the radiation parameter strongly boosts temperatures. Increasing the heat absorption parameter significantly accelerates the transverse flow. Negative values of Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity decelerate the axial flow whereas positive values accelerate it; the opposite behavior is observed for transverse velocity. Increasing Taylor number significantly damps both the axial (primary) and transversal (secondary) flow. Increasing thermal Grashof number strongly enhances the axial flow but damps the transverse flow. The unitary nanofluid achieves higher Nusselt numbers than the hybrid nanofluid but these are decreased with greater radiative effect (due to greater heat transport away from the plate surface), Prandtl number and heat absorption. Nusselt number is significantly reduced with greater time progression and values are consistently higher for the unitary nanofluid compared with hybrid nanofluid. The computations provide insight into more complex electrokinetic rheological nanoscale flows of relevance to biomedical rotary electro‐osmotic separation devices.
NKG2A is a late immune checkpoint on CD8 T cells and marks repeated stimulation and cell division
Authors: Borst Linda , Sluijter Marjolein , Sturm Gregor , Charoentong Pornpimol , Santegoets Saskia J. , van Gulijk Mandy , van Elsas Marit J. , Groeneveldt Christianne , van Montfoort Nadine , Finotello Francesca , Trajanoski Zlatko , Kiełbasa Szymon M. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , van Hall Thorbald 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe surface inhibitory receptor NKG2A forms heterodimers with the invariant CD94 chain and is expressed on a subset of activated CD8 T cells. As antibodies to block NKG2A are currently tested in several efficacy trials for different tumor indications, it is important to characterize the NKG2A+ CD8 T cell population in the context of other inhibitory receptors. Here we used a well‐controlled culture system to study the kinetics of inhibitory receptor expression. Naïve mouse CD8 T cells were synchronously and repeatedly activated by artificial antigen presenting cells in the presence of the homeostatic cytokine IL‐7. The results revealed NKG2A as a late inhibitory receptor, expressed after repeated cognate antigen stimulations. In contrast, the expression of PD‐1, TIGIT and LAG‐3 was rapidly induced, hours after first contact and subsequently down regulated during each resting phase. This late, but stable expression kinetics of NKG2A was most similar to that of TIM‐3 and CD39. Importantly, single‐cell transcriptomics of human tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) showed indeed that these receptors were often coexpressed by the same CD8 T cell cluster. Furthermore, NKG2A expression was associated with cell division and was promoted by TGF‐β in vitro, although TGF‐β signaling was not necessary in a mouse tumor model in vivo. In summary, our data show that PD‐1 reflects recent TCR triggering, but that NKG2A is induced after repeated antigen stimulations and represents a late inhibitory receptor. Together with TIM‐3 and CD39, NKG2A might thus mark actively dividing tumor‐specific TILs.
A disease network‐based deep learning approach for characterizing melanoma
Authors: Lai Xin , Zhou Jinfei , Wessely Anja , Heppt Markus , Maier Andreas , Berking Carola , Vera Julio , Zhang Le 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple types of genomic variations are present in cutaneous melanoma and some of the genomic features may have an impact on the prognosis of the disease. The access to genomics data via public repositories such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) allows for a better understanding of melanoma at the molecular level, therefore making characterization of substantial heterogeneity in melanoma patients possible. Here, we proposed an approach that integrates genomics data, a disease network, and a deep learning model to classify melanoma patients for prognosis, assess the impact of genomic features on the classification and provide interpretation to the impactful features. We integrated genomics data into a melanoma network and applied an autoencoder model to identify subgroups in TCGA melanoma patients. The model utilizes communities identified in the network to effectively reduce the dimensionality of genomics data into a patient score profile. Based on the score profile, we identified three patient subtypes that show different survival times. Furthermore, we quantified and ranked the impact of genomic features on the patient score profile using a machine‐learning technique. Follow‐up analysis of the top‐ranking features provided us with the biological interpretation of them at both pathway and molecular levels, such as their mutation and interactome profiles in melanoma and their involvement in pathways associated with signaling transduction, immune system and cell cycle. Taken together, we demonstrated the ability of the approach to identify disease subgroups using a deep learning model that captures the most relevant information of genomics data in the melanoma network.
Study on awareness of COVID‐19 and compliance with social distancing during COVID‐19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Mukhlis Hamid , Widyastuti Tria , Harlianty Rully Afrita , Susanti Susi , Kumalasari Desi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPublic compliance with social distancing policy is necessary to slow down the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). One of the factors that contribute to compliance with social distancing policy is awareness of COVID‐19. This study aimed to examine the relationship between awareness of COVID‐19 and compliance with social distancing policy. The study used an online survey through Google Form to 404 respondents aged 18–63 years. The data were collected by using awareness on the COVID‐19 scale and compliance with the social distancing scale. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation and Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Mann–Whitney U with Bonferroni correction. The awareness of COVID‐19 was significantly and positively associated with compliance with social distancing order. Based on demographic variables found that the awareness was significantly higher in postgraduates. The awareness of COVID‐19 was also significantly higher in working participants. The compliance with social distancing order was found higher in women. The study's primary result is that the awareness of COVID‐19 positively correlates with public compliance on social distancing order. In particular, there is a need to provide means and interventions to raise public awareness of this challenging situation.
Constructing a web‐based health directory for adolescent men who have sex with men: Strategies for development and resource verification
Authors: Drab Ryan , Wolfe James R. , Chavanduka Tanaka , Bonar Erin E. , Guest Jodie L. , Hightow‐Weidman Lisa , Castel Amanda D. , J. Horvath Keith , Sullivan Patrick S. , Stephenson Rob , Bauermeister José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOnline health directories are increasingly used to locate health services and community resources, providing contact and service information that assists users in identifying resources that may meet their health and wellness needs. However, service locations require additional vetting when directories plan to refer vulnerable populations. As a tool included as part of a trial of a mobile life skills intervention for cisgender adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM; ages 13–18), we constructed and verified resources for an online resource directory focused on linking young people to LGBTQ+ friendly and affirming local health and community social services resources. We collected information for 2301 individual directory listings through database and internet searches. To ensure the listings aligned with the project's focus of supporting young sexual minority men, we developed multiple data verification assessments to ensure community appropriateness resulting in verification of 1833 resources suitable for inclusion in our locator tool at project launch (March 2018). We offer lessons learned and future directions for researchers and practitioners who may benefit from adapting our processes and strategies for building culturally‐tailored resource directories for vulnerable populations.
Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function after mild coronavirus disease 2019: A preliminary report
Authors: Uziębło‐Życzkowska Beata , Krzesiński Paweł , Domino Barbara , Chciałowski Andrzej , Maciorowska Małgorzata , Gielerak Grzegorz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeWhile most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases are mild, the risk of heart dysfunction remains unknown. The objective of this observational study was to assess the impact of mild COVID‐19 on heart function in a short‐term follow‐up using advanced echocardiography.MethodsOur study cohort comprised patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who did not require hospitalization. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was used to assess heart chambers function in the 31 recovered COVID‐19 patients, and the results were compared with those of the control group (28 healthy participants).ResultsLeft ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic function was assessed using standard and STE methods and was found to be normal and comparable in both groups (LV ejection fraction [p = 0.075], LV global longitudinal strain [p = 0.123], LV global radial strain [p = 0.630], LV global circumferential strain [p = 0.069], tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [p = 0.417], tricuspid S′ peak systolic velocity [p = 0.622], and RV free wall longitudinal strain [p = 0.749]). Similarly, atrial function was not impacted when assessed using advanced STE.ConclusionsThe heart function of patients with mild COVID‐19 symptoms, assessed using standard and advanced echocardiographic methods, was observed to be normal after a short‐term follow‐up.
Interrelationship between liver T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic radiation force impulse elastography measurement results and plasma ferritin levels in children with β‐thalassemia major
Authors: Kaban Selami , Damar Çağrı 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate correlation and agreement between T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*‐wMRI), acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI‐e) measurement results of liver and plasma ferritin levels (PFLs) in children with β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM).MethodsThe study included 40 pediatric patients (aged 64–216 months; 14 girls, 26 boys) receiving blood transfusion and chelation therapy. To detect the severity of liver iron overload (LIO) and concomitant parenchymal fibrosis, T2*‐wMRI and ARFI‐e measurements were performed from the right lobe segments. Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, Spearman's test and ICC were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter the measurements of T2*‐wMRI, patients were grouped as normal in 4 (10%), mild in 11 (27.5%), moderate in 21 (52.5%), and severe in 4 (10%) cases in terms of LIO. Combined moderate and severe groups had significantly higher ARFI‐e and PFL values than the combination of other groups (p = .001, p = .040). The ARFI‐e measurements of boys were found to be significantly higher than those of girls (p = .023). A strong negative correlation between T2*‐wMRI and ARFI‐e and a moderate negative correlation between T2*‐wMRI and PFL were detected (p;r = 0.001;‐0.606, p;r = 0.009; −0.407). A strong positive correlation was found between ARFI‐e values and PFL (p;r = 0.001; 0.659). The optimal cut‐off value of ARFI‐e to predict liver fibrosis because of moderate&severe LIO was determined to be 1.29 M/s (80% sensitivity and 88% specificity). A moderate agreement was observed between the T2*‐wMRI and ARFI‐e methods [ICC: 0.680, 95% CI: (0.470 to 0.817)].ConclusionGiven the strong correlation and moderate agreement between ARFI‐e and T2*‐wMRI, ARFI ‐e could be used to monitor LIO in children with β‐TM.