bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astaxanthin Extraction of Vanname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vanname) Using Palm Oil
Authors: Karnila R. , Hasan B. , Ilza M. , Leksono T. , Ahmad M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vanname shrimp is an important economic commodity that has carapace waste which is rich in the pigment astaxanthin. This study aims to determine (1) the chemical composition (proximate) of vanname shrimp carapace flour (2) the astaxanthin content of vanname shrimp carapace flour with different extraction times (3) Randemen of astaxanthin extract of vanname shrimp carapace flour. This research consisted of two stages, namely (1) Preparation and analysis of the chemical composition of vanname shrimp carapace flour (2) Extraction and analysis of the astaxanthin content of vanname shrimp carapace with different extraction times. Experimental research method with completely randomized design (CRD). The different extraction time treatments consisted of three tare, namely 120, 180, and 240 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that carapace flour had a chemical composition of moisture content of 10.28%, ash content of 33.73% db, protein content of 38.82%db, fat content of 1.56%db, crude fiber of 25.9%db. Meanwhile, the highest astaxanthin content from this study was 5.0909 mg / g (240 minutes). the resulting levels were 2.6351 mg / g (120 minutes), 3.2569 mg / g (180 minutes) and 5.0909 mg / g (240 minutes), respectively. The yield of astaxanthin extract produced were 50.95% (120 minutes), 65.36% (180 minutes), and 78.92% (240 minutes), respectively. The highest yield of astaxanthin extract in the study was in the 240 minute treatment of 78.92%.
Fortification of Nano Calcium of Freshwater Mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) Shell on Cookies Towards Proximate Composition and Calcium Content
Authors: Iriani D , Hutauruk S W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the effect of nano calcium of freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) shell on cookies towards proximate composition and calcium content. Cookies were prepared by fortified with nano calcium of freshwater mussel shell consist of 4 levels of treatment: 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Cookies were evaluated for proximate analysis (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content), calcium, phosphorus content, and consumer acceptance. Findings it was observed that fortification of nano calcium of freshwater mussel shells significantly increased the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus content (P) of cookies when compared to the control treatment, with the highest value of calcium (6.91%) and phosphorus (1.36%) of 1.5% fortification treatment. Meanwhile, based on consumer acceptance that 1% fortification of nano calcium of freshwater mussel shell on cookies was most preferred with calcium content 5.97%, phosphorus content 1.24%, and proximate content of moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content was 3.26%, 2.26%, 10.12%, 29.32%, and 55.33%, respectively.
Characteristics and community perception on mitigation of Human-Tapanuli Orangutans conflict around Dolok Sipirok Natural Reserve, South Tapanuli
Authors: Kuswanda W , Harahap R H , Alikodra H S , Sibarani R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The frequency of human-tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) conflict has been increased with the widespread on degradation and fragmentation at Batangtoru Forest, South Tapanuli Regency. Orangutans often come on community lands to look for food, especially while the durian fruit season. This study aims to obtain information on socio-economic characteristics and public perception index to mitigate on human-tapanuli orangutan conflict around the Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve, South Tapanuli Regency. Data was collected using a questionnaire distribution, interviews and descriptive observations, starting from October 2019 to January 2020. Respondents were selected by purposively sampling method, i.e. people had met and interacted with orangutans as many as 61 respondents from three villages. Data analyzed using frequency tables, likers scale and spearman rank correlation. The results showed that the community is Muslim majority, productive age, education below senior high school, farmers and income below IDR. 4,000,000. The public perception has declared orangutans as animals that consume community plants. They will drive away the orangutans found in processed land. The perception of conflict mitigation has strongly agreed with the program that must be done including providing compensation for losses, increasing patrol programs, developing local wisdom and building corridors in state forests. The characteristics were a significant (α <0.01) influence on the perception index assessment i.e. the level of education, household member and family income.
Ecological risk of coastal ecosystem: A perspective of mangrove ecological sensitivity in small islands, case in Anambas Archipelago District at Natuna Sea
Authors: Yonvitner  , Rakasiwi G , Wahyudin Y , Kamsari  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ecosystem sensitivity in the coastal and small islands is dependent on the vulnerability and resilience level of that ecosystem. Mangroves are one of the primary ecosystems in coastal areas, also high vulnerability and sensitivity due to natural factors such as waves, pollution, and due to the impact of human activities. Based on this reason, the study of vulnerability and sensitivity was needed for mitigation plans and other actions in reducing the risk due to the pressure by a coastal manager. This study was carried out around small islands in Anambas District, especially in Matak Island. The results showed that the level of mangrove vulnerability was relatively high at all locations; the condition of the ecological status was classified as moderate. The status of the social and economic index was classified as medium to high vulnerably. The assessment of the sensitivity level, known as the condition of mangrove ecosystems, is moderate to very sensitive. The areas with the highest sensitivity level are Peninting and Ayerbadong. The high sensitivity in both locations is due to the influence of the economic index, which indicates that the region is economically sensitive and potentially vulnerable.
Potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of Cotylelobium melanoxylon tree
Authors: Elfiati D , Susilowati A , Modes C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microorganism have important roles in soil cycles and plant living activities. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria is one of the microorganisms in the soil that plays a role in helping provide phosphorus nutrients that are not available to plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere Cotylelobium melanoxylon plants. Soil samples were taken in a composite at a depth of 0-20 cm from the rhizosphere area of C. melanoxylon plants in the village of Bona Lumban, Tukka District, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria using the dilution plate technique with Pikovskaya medium. Phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates were selected qualitatively by measuring the ratio of the clear zone. Selected isolates are identified up to species molecularly. The isolation results obtained were 16 isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with a clear zone ratio varying between 1.03 to 1.68. Four isolates were selected with the highest clear zone ratio. Based on molecular identification, the four isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa species.
Application of Aspergillus fumigatus from Rhizophora mucronata leaves that have decomposition in various salinity levels in Belawan
Authors: Yunasfi  , Rakesya N , Desrita  
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rhizophora mucronata leaf litter is a source of organic material for several organisms found in mangrove forest ecosystems. Leaf litter that falls on the forest floor will undergo a process of decomposition by biological agents within a certain time period. One effort to accelerate decomposition process is the use of fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of decomposition and to measure the levels of carbohydrates and proteins contained in R. mucronata litter with different levels of salinity in the mangrove area of Hamparan Perak District. Carbohydrate and protein analysis is carried out at the Medan Industrial Research and Standardization Center. The average decomposition rate (k) of R. mucronata leaf litter at the 0-10 ppt salinity level is 10.89, the 10-20 ppt salinity is 7.74 and the 20-30 ppt salinity is 7.81. The Leaf Litter of R. mucronata experienced a decrease in carbohydrate levels. The highest carbohydrate content was found in Observation I station 3 which was 12.2% while the protein content in R. mucronata litter had increased. The highest protein content was found in observation VI of station 3 which was 6.78%. The decomposition rate in Belawan waters shows that productivity is good.
Community structure of shorebirds (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) in Percut Sei Tuan District, North Sumatra
Authors: Jumilawaty Erni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA study on the community structure of sandpipers (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) has been conducted from February to March 2014. Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds inhabiting the mudflat of Percut Sei Tuan district. The site was also documented as a transitory habitat during migration in each year during September and April. The aim of this study was to obtain the community structure and population of Scolopacidae species in the area. The method used to calculate the shorebirds was the concentration count and block method to estimate the number of population. The study documented 16 species and 2573 individuals, all dispersed within three sub-sites namely Bagan Percut, Pematang Lalang, and Tanjung Rejo. The total Shannon’s diversity index (H’) was obtained lower (1.672) in this study than the previous report in 2012 (1.865). The species,Numenius madagascariensiswas the dominant population with a number of 1,156 individuals.
Increasing added-value of styrax resin through post-harvesting techniques improvement and essential oil based product innovation
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Styrax resin is a major non-timber forest product from North Sumatra, Indonesia. However, thousands tons of raw resin are sent abroad, while various styrax oil-based products worth US millions dollars are imported annually. Limited harvesting and processing technology are some of root of causes the lack of styrax oil-based industry development in Indonesia. The objective of this paper was an overview of styrax forest management in North Sumatra, efforts to increase the added-value both quality and quantity of resin, and an alternative processing of raw material into a perfume innovation. Benzoin resin is produced by the injured inner epithelial bark of styrax tree. Therefore, tapping of bark is the best effort to harvest the resin. But, styrax forest management has been carried out traditionally, including harvesting techniques. One of scheme to increase added-value is resins processing into a perfume products with high economic value. The innovative products begin from extracting a solid styrax resin into pure essential oil. There are two methods used, namely (a) extraction with solvent, and (b) distillation method. The amount of yield of benzoin oil produced by solvent method is influenced by incense grade from 23.9 to 34.6% and higher than another method. But distillation method also produces high quality and quantity of hydrosol (side product) with a distinctive aroma. Combined with various essential oils from Indonesia’s tropical forests, the styrax oil becomes a fixing agent for a signature perfume that formulated by considering the gradation of aroma in accordance with release of constituent essential oil particles. Processing resin into an essential oil increases the added-value of styrax resin. Innovation of styrax resin based products will explore the fragrance formulation of this commodities therefore reduce our country dependence on imported perfume and raw materials used for various personal cares.
The effect of sikkam (Bischofia javanica) leaf extract on blood sugar levels and islet of langerhans in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Rumahorbo C G P , Hutahaean S , Ilyas S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, occurring due to abnormal insulin secretion or insulin action. Alloxan induces diabetes by damaging pancreatic cells and initiating hyperglycemia. One of the plants that has the potential to decrease blood sugar is leaves of sikkam (Bischofia javanica), because it contains quercetin and gallic acid compounds which are classified as an antioxidant group. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the effect of sikkam leaf extract on the reduction in blood sugar levels of Wistar rats and improved the histology of langerhans islet and (2) determine the dose of sikkam leaf extract which has the most effective effect in reducing rat blood sugar levels. The design used is a non factorial complete random design. The samples used were 30 Wistar rats which were divided into 6 treatment groups and 5 repetitions, namely K0 (negative control), K1 (positive control), K2 (dose of ethanol extract of sikkam leaf (EESL) 300 mg/Kg BW), K3 (EESL 600 mg/kg BW), and K4 (EESL treatment 900 mg/kg kg) and K5 (Glibenclamid 4.5 mg). Data analysis used One-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that there was an EESL effect on the reduction in rat blood sugar levels and improved the histology of Langerhans islet. EESL which has the best antidiabetic effect is on administering a dose of 900 mg/kg BW.
The genetic variant of GSTP1 and immune response of immunoglobulin A (IgA) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Farhat F , Sari M I , Chrestella J , Syari R P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
GSTP1 polymorphism is one of the genetic factors contributed to (NPC). The polymorphism alters its function in detoxifying carcinogen and inhibits oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces EBV lytic reactivation and enhances IgA response. This study was aimed to analyze the association of GSTP1 polymorphism and serum IgA levels in NPC patients. The study was analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The samples were the blood of NPC patients who underwent PCR-RFLP-electrophoresis and ELISA method to identify GSTP1 polymorphism and IgA level. We found 21 (72.4%) patients with Ile/Val genotype, 6 (20.7%) patients with Ile/Ile, and 2 (6.9%) patients with Val/Val. Patients with elevated IgA levels were 21 (72.4%) patients. In this study, there was no significant association of GSTP1 polymorphism and serum IgA level. We found the GSTP1 polymorphism and serum IgA elevation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, but there was no significant association between them. Future research with the inclusion of environmental risk data is needed as well as larger samples. The study may help to determine effective prevention, treatment, and monitoring therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The bioinformatics of projected acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Pratomo B , Lisnawita  , Nisa T C , Basyuni M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study clarified the variation and role of physical and chemical characteristics of the H. brasiliensis projected acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes. The detectable similarity and joining projected acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes of H. brasiliensis in the dendrogram may be the outcome of tropical environmental. Six projected acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes from H. Brasiliensis collected from NCBI. The NCBI locus number of the protein sequence utilized in this study was determined. The physical and chemical properties of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from H.brasiliensis. The factors were calculated the designate number of protein, number of amino acids, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point values, the total number of atoms, extinction coefficients, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathicity.
Numerical Simulation of Blast Loads of Building with and without Glass Window
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Xie Licheng , Yan Junjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A typical building model with and without glass windows has been constructed in the present paper using LS-DYNA to calculate the blast loading acting on it. For the without glass window case, the window is assumed to be an opening and there is no glass. Scaled distances of 0.5 m/kg1/3, 1.0 m/kg1/3 and 2.0 m/kg1/3 are considered. The peak value of the overpressure at some typical positions inside the building are obtained and compared. The peak pressure distribution of each wall surface and the ceiling are obtained, and the influence of glass on the explosion load under different scaled distances is attained. It is found that the smaller the scaled distance, the less obvious the blocking effect of glass, and the glass can be ignored in the simulation. As the scale distance increases, the barrier effect of glass becomes more obvious. At this time, simply ignoring the glass may cause error.
An Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar under Axial Loading Conditions at High Temperature
Authors: Gao Zhifei , Wang Linbing , Yang Hailu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete preloaded during heating always shows higher compressive strength than that unloaded, and the reason was confused. As one of the main components of concrete, cement mortar has an important impact on the performance of concrete at high temperatures. However, few studies have conducted on the stressed mechanical properties strength of mortar at high temperature. In this paper, a series of mechanical tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of cement mortar specimens under axial loading conditions. Seven temperatures (20 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C) and three pre stress ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were set during the in-door laboratory tests. Test results showed that temperature and pre-stress have significant influences on the compressive strength and the failed mode of cement mortar specimens at high temperature. The compressive strength of mortar under stressed condition was even higher than that at room temperature which might be a reason for the improvement of stressed compressive strength.
Study on Preparation and Performance of Fly Ash Used in Clay Fluidized Backfill Materials
Authors: Kong Xianghui , Yu Xiaohua , Zhao Yanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The problem of insufficient compaction of traditional fillers is difficult to solve in the backfilling project. It is a new solution to prepare backfill materials with self-leveling and self-compacting properties by using excavated clay, cement and water as raw materials. Adding fly ash to the backfill materials to replace part of the cement can effectively improve the utilization of industrial waste. Through a series of laboratory tests, the fluidity, bleeding and compressive strength of the mixture were studied respectively, and the influence of fly ash content on the performance of the mixture was preliminarily grasped. The test results show that the increase of fly ash content can reduce the fluidity of the mixture. Compared with the strength of the mixture without fly ash, when the amount of fly ash replacing cement is less than 10%, the strength of the mixture increases, and when the amount of fly ash replacing cement is more than 15%, the strength of the mixture decreases.
Application Analysis and Problem Prevention of Cast-in-Situ Beamless Hollow Floor Construction Technique in Large Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Ou Yazhou , Chen Gang , Xing Cheng , Jin Shulou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cast-in-place concrete beamless hollow floor is more and more widely used in engineering, especially in basement engineering, due to its characteristics like increase of the structure height, enhancement of heat preservation, heat insulation, noise reduction, rapid construction speed and others. Based on engineering practice, the application of cast-in-situ beamless hollow floor cover in large deep foundation pit is studied. In order to improve the construction quality, the deformation and stress state of long-span hollow plate are analyzed by finite element simulation. By optimizing and improving the process and comparing the results, the process method which is helpful to improve the quality of finished products of beam-less floor under this condition is extracted.
Risk Analysis of Project Construction under the New Crown Epidemic Situation
Authors: Luo Xing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to avoid construction project losses based on the normalized situation of prevention and control new crown epidemic. This paper takes an example of Shu Xiang Garden project in Anhui. An early warning system of epidemic risk based on was constructed and applied to risk analysis. Index system and expert survey were conducted to identify the risk factors and divide them into major risk and general risk. In addition, this paper carried out a special assessment of interpretative structural modelling to directly reflect the influence factors of the cost risk. The results show the overall risk belonging to level III is extremely high risk and risk management is the most critical factor to reduce the cost risk. The paper concludes with recommendations from four aspects of epidemic control, balanced progress, information technology and risk transfer to reduce risk and provides a theoretical basis for epidemic risk management.
Study on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Lime-Based Mortar
Authors: Xu Wen , Jalal Mostafa , Zakira Umme , Wang Linbing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the changes in mechanical properties and durability of Portland cement lime-based mortar due to the addition of chopped carbon fibers (CFs) have been studied. Compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS) and flexural strength were determined in relation to the volume of CFs, water to binder ratio and SP dosage. Additionally, the durability, i.e. immersion water absorption (IWA) and capillary water absorption (CWA), has also been investigated. The results show that the CS, STS, IWA and CWA of the mortar with 1 vol.% CFs are increased by 11.24%, 3.69%, 5.41% and 46.50% respectively, comparing with that of the mortar with 0.5 vol.% CFs. The lime mortar with 1 vol.% fiber shows 6.59% higher energy absorption than that with 0.5 vol.% fiber in aspect of flexural strength.
Numerical Analysis and Application of Uncoupled Coefficient of Water Sealed Blasting on Blasting Effect
Authors: Liu Jiangchao , Gao Wenxue , Zhang Shenghui , Xu He 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To study the influence of axial and radial uncoupling coefficient on blasting effect when air and water are used as spacer in surrounding holes of tunnel water seal blasting, and the optimal charge coefficient is determined for construction. Combined with numerical simulation and field test, the research results show that: (1) When the air and water are used as the interval medium in the peripheral hole for multi-hole blasting, the optimal value range of axial uncoupling coefficient is 2.2∼2.5. The optimal value range of radial uncoupling coefficient is 1.5∼1.6. (2) The concept of composite uncoupling coefficient is proposed, and the optimal decoupling charge coefficient is determined. Finally, the axial decoupling coefficient is 2.2 and the radial decoupling coefficient is 1.6, which can meet the blasting requirements. (3) The simulation results are verified by field test. It is proved that the axial decoupling coefficient is 2.2 and the radial decoupling coefficient is 1.6, which is better than the research results of axial decoupling coefficient of 2.07 and radial decoupling coefficient of 1.5 used in conventional blasting. The results show that the air and water media used in engineering construction can improve the blasting effect and reduce the explosive unit consumption.