bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Harvesting through Multilayer Spectral Selective Iron Oxide and Porphyrin Transparent Thin Films for Photothermal Energy Generation
Authors: Lyu Mengyao , Lin Jou , Krupczak John , Shi Donglu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA fundamental challenge in energy sustainability is efficient utilization of solar energy towards energy‐neutral systems. The current solar cell technologies have been most widely employed to achieve this goal, but are limited to a single‐layer 2D surface. To harvest solar light more efficiently, a multilayer system capable of harvesting solar light in a cuboid through transparent photothermal thin films of iron oxide and a porphyrin compound is developed. Analogous to a multilayer capacitor, an array of transparent, spectral selective, photothermal thin films allows white light to penetrate them, not only collecting photon energy in a 3D space, but generating sufficient heat on each layer with significantly increased total surface area. In this fashion, thermal energy is generated via a multilayer photothermal system that functions as an efficient solar collector, energy converter and generator with high energy density. A solar‐activated thermal energy generator that can produce heat without any power supply and reach a maximum temperature of 76.1 °C is constructed. With a constant incoming white light (0.4 W cm−2), the thermal energy generated can be amplified 12‐fold via multilayers. The multilayer system extends another dimension in solar harvesting and paves a new path to energy generation for the energy‐neutral system.
Collective Magnetism in 2D Polymer Made of C‐Doped Triangular Boron Nitride Nanoflakes
Authors: Anindya Khalid N. , Rochefort Alain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electronic and magnetic properties of 2D polymer built from triangular boron nitride monomers (tBN) doped with C atom are investigated with first‐principles DFT calculations. Polymers made of pure tBN are insulators as pristine h‐BN, but substituting the central B(N) by C atom in tBN(NB) spontaneously leads to the creation of a spin‐polarized ground state polymer. Moreover, the ground state of C‐doped polymer is an open‐shell semiconductor in which both Dirac and flat bands coexist nearby Fermi level while the nearest excited state is a closed‐shell semi‐metal where the Dirac cone crossed Fermi level. The triangular shape of the monomer, the nature of atomic substitution, and the relative position of C‐dopant among the 2D polymer are contributing to create a strong collective magnetism in conjunction with a significant orbital overlap between C‐dopants separated by 1.0 nm. This collective magnetism is totally suppressed in (CtBN‐CtNB) copolymer arrangement, where the material shows a semiconducting gap with no spin‐polarization and strongly localized states around Fermi level. The results predict a 2D material with long range metal free magnetic ordering, in conjunction with high carrier mobilities from Dirac bands and anisotropic shapes of topological states, that opens the door for 2D organic spintronic applications.
Imbalanced Learning with Oversampling based on Classification Contribution Degree
Authors: Jiang Zhenhao , Yang Jie , Liu Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImbalanced datasets exist commonly in the real world, which leads to poor performance of general machine learning models because of skewed class distribution. To address the data‐imbalance problem, a novel oversampling method based on classification contribution degree, called OS‐CCD is presented. First a new concept, classification contribution degree, is established based on micro and macro information extracted from raw datasets. With the classification contribution degree, OS‐CCD enables positive samples near the class boundary and located in an area with high density of positive samples to generate more synthetic samples than others. Furthermore, the neighbor selection for oversampling is no longer random but in the light of a selected probability. Experimental results on 12 benchmark datasets substantiate that four commonly used classifiers with the oversampling method outperform those with six popular oversampling methods in terms of accuracy, F1‐score and AUC.
Molten NaCl‐Assisted Synthesis of Porous Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with a High Density of Catalytically Accessible FeN4 Active Sites and Outstanding Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance
Authors: Wang Qing , Yang Yuqi , Sun Fanfei , Chen Guangbo , Wang Jian , Peng Lishan , Chen Wan‐Ting , Shang Lu , Zhao Jiaqi , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Zhang Tierui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIron single atom catalysts (FeN4) hosted in the micropores of N‐doped carbons offer excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Achieving a high density of FeN4 sites accessible for ORR has proved challenging to date. Herein, a simple surface NaCl‐assisted method towards microporous N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts with an abundance of catalytically accessible FeN4 sites is reported. Powder mixtures of microporous zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 and NaCl are first heated to 1000 °C in N2, with the melting of NaCl above 800 °C creating a highly porous N‐doped carbon product (NC‐NaCl). Ferric (Fe3+) ions are then adsorbed onto NC‐NaCl, with a second pyrolysis stage at 900 °C in N2 yielding a porous Fe/NC‐NaCl electrocatalyst (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, 1911 m2 g−1) with an excellent dispersion and high density of accessible surface FeN4 sites (26.3 × 1019 sites g−1). The Fe/NC‐NaCl electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding ORR performance with a high half‐wave potential of 0.832 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) in 0.1 m HClO4. When used as the ORR cathode catalyst in a 1.0 bar H2‐O2 fuel cell, Fe/NC‐NaCl offers a high peak power density of 0.89 W cm−2, ranking it as one of the most active M‐N‐C materials reported to date.
Early radiographic pneumoconiosis is associated with impaired exercise gas exchange among coal miners with normal resting spirometry
Authors: Gandhi Sheiphali A. , Cohen Robert A. , Blanc Paul D. , Go Leonard H. T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRationaleWe sought to determine if radiographic pneumoconiosis predicts abnormal gas exchange during exercise in coal mine workers with preserved resting lung function.MethodsWe analyzed data from former coal miners seen between 2006 and 2014 in a single clinic specializing in black lung evaluations. We limited the analysis to those with normal resting spirometry and an A‐a gradient at peak exercise ≥10 mmHg. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate predictors of A‐a gradient widened to >150% of the reference value. We focused on chest radiographs consistent with pneumoconiosis, taking into account higher silica exposure mining activities and years underground, and adjusting for cigarette smoking, obesity, and coronary artery disease.ResultsOf 5507 miners, we analyzed data for 742 subjects with normal spirometry and all key clinical variables available, of whom 372 (50.1%) had radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis. All but 21 had small opacity profusion of less than 2/1. The median A‐a gradient at peak exercise was 108% of reference value (interquartile range, 81%–141%). In the multivariable analysis, radiographic pneumoconiosis was associated with increased odds of widened A‐a gradient (odds ratio [OR], 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–3.7). Limited to 660 subjects with normal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, the odds were similarly increased (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.5–3.6).DiscussionAmong coal miners with preserved resting lung function, radiographic evidence of early pneumoconiosis more than doubled the odds of abnormal exercise physiology. Impairment in pneumoconiosis occurs in early disease and may only be evident on exercise testing.
Genotype and phenotype in 18 Chinese patients with Coffin‐Siris syndrome
Authors: Cheng Shirley S. W. , Luk Ho‐Ming , Mok Myth Tsz‐Shun , Leung Sha‐Sha , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoffin‐Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM# 1359200) is a multisystem congenital disorder characterized by coarse facial features, hypoplasia of the fifth digits and nails, and intellectual disability. It is a genetically heterogeneous condition caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the BAF (BRG1‐associated factors) chromatin modeling complex and its downstream transcriptional factor. To date over 220 CSS individuals with pathogenic variants found have been described in the literature. This case series reported 18 molecularly confirmed Chinese individuals (17 with ARIDIB (OMIM*614556) variants and one with SMARCB1 (OMIM*601607) variant) from 17 unrelated families in Hong Kong. The clinical features of these 18 Chinese CSS patients together with two previously reported Chinese patients with ARID1B variants were reviewed. Among the 19 Chinese patients with ARID1B variants, our data suggested a lower prevalence of feeding problem, autistic features, agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) or partial/hypoplasia of corpus callosum, and sparse hair when compared with previous reports. There was appearing higher prevalence of digital hypoplasia. Digital hypoplasia was observed to become less noticeable with time in some patients. This report highlighted the age‐dependent phenotypic presentation of CSS and ethnicity‐related effect on ARID1B‐CSS phenotype. Moreover, this series included the first family with molecularly confirmed maternal somatic mosaicism of ARID1B variant leading to familial CSS recurrence.
Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions
Authors: Wu Tiandi , Moeller Kevin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaired electrochemical reactions allow the optimization of both atom and energy economy of oxidation and reduction reactions. While many paired electrochemical reactions take advantage of perfectly matched reactions at the anode and cathode, this matching of substrates is not necessary. In constant current electrolysis, the potential at both electrodes adjusts to the substrates in solution. In principle, any oxidation reaction can be paired with any reduction reaction. Various oxidation reactions conducted on the anodic side of the electrolysis were paired with the generation and use of hydrogen gas at the cathode, showing the generality of the anodic process in a paired electrolysis and how the auxiliary reaction required for the oxidation could be used to generate a substrate for a non‐electrolysis reaction. This is combined with variations on the cathodic side of the electrolysis to complete the picture and illustrate how oxidation and reduction reactions can be combined.
Integrating a Concentration Gradient Generator and a Single‐Cell Trapper Array for High‐Throughput Screening the Bioeffects of Nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Jia Yuexiao , Han Ziwei , Hou Qinghong , Zhang Wei , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe herein develop a concentration gradient generator (CGG) on a microfluidic chip for diluting different nanoparticles. Specifically designed compact disk (CD)‐shaped microchannels in the CGG module could thoroughly mix the flowing solutions and generate a linear concentration gradient of nanoparticles without aggregation. We combine the CGG with a single‐cell trapper array (SCA) on microfluidics to evaluate the concentration‐dependent bioeffects of the nanoparticles. The precise control of the spatiotemporal generation of nanoparticle concentration on the CGG module and the single‐cell‐level monitoring of the cell behaviors on the SCA module by a high‐content system in real time, render the CGG‐SCA system a highly precise platform, which can exclude the average effect of cell population and reflect the response of individual cells to the gradient concentrations accurately. In addition, the CGG‐SCA system provides an automated platform for high‐throughput screening of nanomedicines with high precision and low sample consumption.
Ferrocene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets as a Robust Oxygen Evolution Catalyst
Authors: Liang Jing , Gao Xutao , Guo Biao , Ding Yu , Yan Jiawei , Guo Zhengxiao , Tse Edmund C. M. , Liu Jinxuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of two‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on nickel foam (NF) by assembling nickel chloride hexahydrate and 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (NiFc‐MOF/NF). The NiFc‐MOF/NF exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with an overpotential of 195 mV and 241 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively under alkaline conditions. Electrochemical results demonstrate that the superb OER performance originates from the ferrocene units that serve as efficient electron transfer intermediates. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the ferrocene units within the MOF crystalline structure enhance the overall electron transfer capacity, thereby leading to a theoretical overpotential of 0.52 eV, which is lower than that (0.81 eV) of the state‐of‐the‐art NiFe double hydroxides.
Dual Gate‐Controlled Therapeutics for Overcoming Bacterium‐Induced Drug Resistance and Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaokai , Guo Yuxin , Gao Ge , Wang Dongdong , Wu Yinglong , Liu Jiawei , Liang Gaolin , Zhao Yanli , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of bacteria in the tumor can cause cancer resistance to chemotherapeutics. To fight against bacterium‐induced drug resistance, herein we design self‐traceable nanoreservoirs that are simultaneously loaded with gemcitabine (an anticancer drug) and ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and are decorated with hyaluronic acid for active tumor targeting. The nanoreservoirs have a pH‐sensitive gate and an enzyme‐responsive gate that can be opened in the acidic and hyaluronidase‐abundant tumor microenvironment to control drug release rates. Moreover, the nanoreservoirs can specifically target the tumor regions without eliciting evident toxicity to normal tissues, kill the intratumoral bacteria, and inhibit the tumor growth even in the presence of the bacteria. Unexpectedly, the nanoreservoirs can activate T cell‐mediated immune responses through promoting antigen‐presenting dendritic cell maturation and depleting immunosuppressive myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in bacterium‐infected tumors.
Local Deuteration Enables NMR Observation of Methyl Groups in Proteins from Eukaryotic and Cell‐Free Expression Systems
Authors: Dubey Abhinav , Stoyanov Nikolay , Viennet Thibault , Chhabra Sandeep , Elter Shantha , Borggräfe Jan , Viegas Aldino , Nowak Radosław P. , Burdzhiev Nikola , Petrov Ognyan , Fischer Eric S. , Etzkorn Manuel , Gelev Vladimir , Arthanari Haribabu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTherapeutically relevant proteins such as GPCRs, antibodies and kinases face clear limitations in NMR studies due to the challenges in site‐specific isotope labeling and deuteration in eukaryotic expression systems. Here we describe an efficient and simple method to observe the methyl groups of leucine residues in proteins expressed in bacterial, eukaryotic or cell‐free expression systems without modification of the expression protocol. The method relies on simple stereo‐selective 13C‐labeling and deuteration of leucine that alleviates the need for additional deuteration of the protein. The spectroscopic benefits of “local” deuteration are examined in detail through Forbidden Coherence Transfer (FCT) experiments and simulations. The utility of this labeling method is demonstrated in the cell‐free synthesis of bacteriorhodopsin and in the insect‐cell expression of the RRM2 domain of human RBM39.
Truly Monodisperse Molecular Nanoparticles of Cerium Dioxide of 2.4 nm dimensions: A {Ce100O167} Cluster
Authors: Russell‐Webster Bradley , Lopez‐Nieto Javi , Abboud Khalil A. , Christou George 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUltra‐small nanoparticles of CeO2 obtained in molecular form, so‐called molecular nanoparticles, have been limited to date to a family whose largest member is of nuclearity Ce40 with a {Ce40O58} core atom count. Herein we report that a synthetic procedure has been developed to the cation [Ce100O149(OH)18(O2CPh)60(PhCO2H)12(H2O)20]16+, a member with a much higher Ce100 nuclearity and a {Ce100O167} core that is more akin to the smallest ceria nanoparticles. Its crystal structure reveals it to possess a 2.4 nm size and high D2d symmetry, and it has also allowed identification of core surface features including facet composition, the presence and location of Ce3+and H+ (i.e. HO−) ions, and the binding modes of the ligand monolayer of benzoate, benzoic acid, and water ligands.
Detection of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in dried blood spots utilizing manual or automated spot extraction and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA)
Authors: Knoop Andre , Geyer Hans , Lerch Oliver , Rubio Ana , Schrader Yvonne , Thevis Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSerological test methods to detect anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies represent a major measure to manage the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In this communication, test results obtained from minimal‐invasively collected dried blood spot (DBS) specimens, which can be sampled ‘at home’ without the need of medically trained personnel, are compared to conventionally collected venous blood samples. DBS samples were prepared for analysis either manually or by a card extraction robot, and electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) characteristics, assay readout values as well as stability data covering a period of more than 200 days are provided. Constant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody readouts of quality control DBS were obtained over the entire test period using DBS specimens stored under dry and dark conditions. In addition, test results obtained from individuals tested twice within 10 months post‐infection indicated a consistent presence of antibodies.
Genipin‐crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol hollow braids degradable tissue engineering scaffolds: Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations
Authors: Jhang Jia‐Ci , Lin Jia‐Horng , Chen Yueh‐Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTissue engineering has been developed with the aim of improving the regeneration and recovery of impaired tissues and organs. Biodegraded scaffolds serve the aforementioned functions and can also be decomposed by means of metabolism. They have no biological toxicity and save patients from injuries by the second surgery, which makes biodegradable scaffolds a new development trend in the tissue engineering. In this study, the textile engineering and chemical crosslinking techniques are employed to produce biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hollow braids, serving as the tissue engineering scaffolds. The process involves two types of products, including the twisted yarns and hollow braids. The twist number of PVA twisted yarns is changed to form different PVA twisted yarns, which are then used to braided into hollow braids via the braiding technology. Therefore, the hollow braids are basically composed three types of PVA twisted yarns. Next, the surface observation, mechanical properties, and degradation of the products are then evaluated. The test results indicate that PVA twisted yarns exhibit the optimal mechanical properties when being twisted with 3 turns/inch. Any higher twist counts result in over twist in the twisted yarns. The optimal hollow braids are composed of PVA twisted yarns with a twist counts being 3 turns/inch. Afterwards, hollow braids are crosslinking with genipin, thereby obtaining greater mechanical strength of 23.6 N and higher decomposition rate of 0.8. The specified hollow braids are suitable for the use as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Multi‐Component Metal‐Organic Frameworks Significantly Boost Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production Coupled with Selective Organic Oxidation
Authors: Li Hanning , Yang Yang , Jing Xu , He Cheng , Duan Chunying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven hydrogen production coupled with selective organic oxidation has attracted increasing attention, as it not only provides clean and renewable energy, but also utilizes the other half reaction to achieve some value‐added organic chemicals. Metal‐organic frameworks based on metal clusters and organic ligands self‐assembly give a perspective on the formation of multifunctional heterogeneous photocatalyst to significantly boost visible‐light photocatalytic activities under mild conditions. By incorporating two types of photoactive units, tricarboxytriphenylamine (H3TCA) and tris(4‐(pyridinyl)phenyl)amine (NPy3), into a single metal‐organic frameworks, a multi‐component MOF Co‐MIX was obtained. With the redox active metal centers enabling the photoexcitation reduction of protons into hydrogen and the photogenerated holes promoting considerable oxidation of substrates, the resulting Co‐MIX exhibits high catalytic activity for the photocatalytic hydrogen production coupled with selective oxidation of benzylamine or 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline. Importantly, the photocatalytic experiments of single‐component Co‐TCA and Co‐NPy3 verified the positive synergistic effects on stability and photocatalytic ability of the two ligands (H3TCA and NPy3) in one single MOF, revealing that the multi‐component strategy is very important for the efficient charge separation and excellent photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.
Narrative expectations in financial forecasting
Authors: Johnson Samuel G. B. , Tuckett David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow do people form expectations about the future? We use amateur and expert investors' expectations about financial asset prices to study this question. Three experiments contrast therational expectationsassumption from neoclassical economics (investors forecast according to neoclassical financial theory) against two psychological theories of expectation formation—behaviorally informed expectations(investors understand empirical market anomalies and expect these anomalies to occur) andnarrative expectations(investors use narrative thinking to predict future prices). Whereas neoclassical financial theory maintains that past public information cannot be used to predict future prices, participants used company performance information revealedbeforea base price quotation to project future price trends after that quotation (Experiment 1), contradicting rational expectations. Importantly, these projections were stronger when information concerned predictions about a company's future performance rather than actual data about its past performance, suggesting that people not only rely on financially irrelevant (but narratively relevant) information for making predictions but erroneously impose temporal order on that information. These biased predictions had downstream consequences for asset allocation choices (Experiment 2), and these choices were driven in part by affective reactions to the company performance news (Experiment 3). There were some mild effects of expertise, but overall the effects of narrative appear to be consistent across all levels of expertise studied, including professional financial analysts. We conclude by discussing the prospects for a narrative theory of choice that provide new microfoundational insights about economic behavior.