bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Path Calibration of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 3 September 2017 Nuclear Test
Authors: Dreger Douglas S. , Gritto Roland , Nelson Owen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The recovery of seismic source parameters requires the use of calibrated velocity models. Although at long periods it is possible to use relatively simple plane-layered models, calibration is still needed to better constrain source parameters. For the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear tests, this is particularly true when considering the use of seismic stations in Japan where paths cross the Sea of Japan. In this study, we perform forward waveform modeling to calibrate velocity structures. We show that we can arrive at a set of models that minimizes Rayleigh group-velocity anomaly at stations located in China, South Korea, and Japan. Overall moment tensor capability with the new models is improved such that cross-correlation analysis of the 20–50 s period waveforms recovers the true time alignment of the data, enabling better automated source analysis. We performed source-type inversions for the moment tensor jointly for long-period regional waveforms and regional and teleseismic P-waves polarity data for the latest and largest DPRK nuclear test and examine event discrimination/screening capability, scalar moment, and yield estimates with uncertainty. We present the models for improved seismic source modeling of the region.
Instrument Response Removal and the 2020 MLg 3.1 Marlboro, New Jersey, Earthquake
Authors: Burky Alexander L. , Irving Jessica C. E. , Simons Frederik J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To better understand earthquakes as a hazard and to better understand the interior structure of the Earth, we often want to measure the physical displacement, velocity, or acceleration at locations on the Earth’s surface. To this end, a routine step in an observational seismology workflow is the removal of the instrument response, required to convert the digital counts recorded by a seismometer to physical displacement, velocity, or acceleration. The conceptual framework, which we briefly review for students and researchers of seismology, is that of the seismometer as a linear time-invariant system, which records a convolution of ground motion via a transfer function that gain scales and phase shifts the incoming signal. In practice, numerous software packages are widely used to undo this convolution via deconvolution of the instrument’s transfer function. Here, to allow the reader to understand this process, we start by taking a step back to fully explore the choices made during this routine step and the reasons for making them. In addition, we introduce open-source routines in Python and MATLAB as part of our rflexa package, which identically reproduce the results of the Seismic Analysis Code, a ubiquitous and trusted reference. The entire workflow is illustrated on data recorded by several instruments on Princeton University campus in Princeton, New Jersey, of the 9 September 2020 magnitude 3.1 earthquake in Marlboro, New Jersey.
Penggunaan Model Inkuiri Sosial untuk Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Sosial Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Ritiauw Samuel Patra , Mahananingtyas Elsinora , Ode Titin 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the application of social inquiry models related to increasing social intelligence in social studies subjects in an elementary school. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research type with a One Group Pretest-Postest design. The result shows that the five indicators of social intelligence developed are self-awareness, working with others, communicating, empathizing, and problem-solving. All indicators have been successfully improved by implementing the social model of inquiry on 25 fifth-grade students of MI Salman Al-Farisi. Of the five indicators of social intelligence developed, problem-solving intelligence is the indicator of social intelligence with the highest increase compared to the empathic indicator, which is in the low criterion, while other indicators are in the medium category. Penelitian bertujuan menguji penerapan model inkuiri sosial terkait dengan peningkatan kecerdasan sosial pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di SD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain One Group Pretest-Postest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima indikator kecerdasan sosial yang dikembangkan yakni kesadaran diri, mampu bekerjasama dengan orang lain, mampu berkomunikasi, berempati dan pemecahan masalah, berhasil ditingkatkan melalui implementasi model sosial inkuiri pada 25 siswa kelas V MI Salman Al-Farisi. Dari kelima indikator kecerdasan sosial yang dikembangkan, kecerdasan memecahkan masalah merupakan indikator kecerdasan sosial yang paling tinggi peningkatannya jika dibandingkan dengan indikator berempati yang berada pada kriteria rendah, sementara indikator lainnya berada pada kategori sedang.
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Cyberbullying yang Dilakukan Oleh Remaja di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Antama Febrizal , Zuhdy Mukhtar 
Published: August 2021

Hadirnya ragam aplikasi internet berupa media sosial, game online, dan media komunikasi digital lainnya, dewasa ini telah menjadi wadah bagi terjadinya cyberbullying yang dilakukan oleh remaja di Kota Yogyakarta. Kasus cyberbullying yang dilakukan oleh remaja terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Maka penting kiranya untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya cyberbullying di Kota Yogyakarta. Sehingga dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan remaja melakukan cyberbullying, diharapkan kita dapat mengetahui kebijakan kriminal (criminal policy) baik melalui sarana penal maupun sarana non-penal yang tepat guna memberantas cyberbullying secara lebih efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. Sementara itu, sumber yang digunakan adalah bahan primer dan sekunder. Teknik yang digunakan adalah studi lapangan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan remaja melakukan cyberbullying di Kota Yogyakarta antara lain: pesatnya perkembangan teknologi, ketidaktahuan remaja akan risiko hukum, perilaku remaja yang suka meniru, serta telah melemahnya kontrol sosial.
Retrosternal goitre and its management
Authors: Varshney Saurabh 
Published: August 2021

Retrosternal goiter (RSG) is a term that has been used to describe a goiter that extends beyond the thoracic inlet. Retrosternal goitre is defined as a goitre with a portion of its mass ≥ 50% located in the mediastinum. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice and, in most cases, the goitre can be removed via a cervical approach. Aim of this retrospective study was to analyse personal experience in the surgical management of retrosternal goitres, defining, in particular, the features requiring sternotomy. Retrospective study, teaching hospital-based. Retrospective analysis of 687 thyroidectomies performed between 2008 and 2019. The 47 (6.84 %) patients with RSG were analyzed further, with regard to demographics, presentation, indications, and outcome of surgical treatment. There were 47 patients (6.84 %) with RSG, [ 34 females (72.34%), 13 males (27.66%)] (mean age: 52 years, range: 34-76)], out of 687 thyroidectomies, in a 14 -year period. The most common presentation was neck swelling (68%), followed by respiratory symptoms (46.8%) and the surgical procedure predominantly used was total thyroidectomy. The RSGs were removed by collar incision in 43 (91.5 %) of the cases, only 4 cases (8.5 %) required sternotomy, (residual thyroid in mediastinum after cervical approach in one case and due to very large thyroid reaching the main bronchial bifurcation in the other three). The final histological diagnosis revealed malignancy in 8.5 % of the thyroid specimens. There was no mortality and minor complications occurred in nine patients (19.1%). The presence of an RSG is an indication for surgery owing to the lack of effective medical treatment, the higher incidence of symptoms related to compression, low surgical morbidity, and the risk of malignancy. Surgical removal of a retrosternal goitre is a challenging procedure; it can be performed safely, in most cases, via a cervical approach, with a complication rate slightly higher than the average rate for cervical goitre thyroidectomy, especially concerning hypoparathyroidism and post-operative bleeding. The most significant criteria for selecting patients requiring sternotomy are computed tomography features, in particular the presence of an ectopic goitre, the extent of the goitre to or below the tracheae carina. If retrosternal goitre thyroidectomy is performed by a skilled surgical team, familiar with its unique pitfalls, the assistance of a thoracic surgeon may be required only in a few selected cases
Visceral Manipulation in Resources of Persian Medicine
Authors: Namiranian Parva , Karimi Mehrdad , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Fateh Garoos Ahmad , Ayati Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Persian Medicine applies various types of treatment, from changing lifestyle (known as Setteh-e-zarurieh) to using medicines and manual interventions. Manual interventions have various types and indications in Persian Medicine. Visceral manipulation is one of them, which is defined as applying techniques to the viscera or the structures that support it in the case of disturbed motility or mobility related to a visceral system and the associated elements. Herein, Persian Medicine manuscripts were searched to find available information about visceral manipulation. There are many similarities between basic principles of visceral manipulation and Persian Medicine. Persian Medicine scholars have explained about anatomy of fascia and its components many years ago, which are very close to what today’s knowledge is. Most probably, one of the very first scholars who has mentioned the idea of visceral manipulation is Avicenna (980–1037 CE). In his Canon of Medicine, Avicenna mentioned Ghamz as a treatment for liver injury. The available in vitro and animal studies support the positive effects of visceral manipulation. Persian Medicine scholars had detected nerve fibers and collagen which are fascia components. They are pioneer in this regard, too.
Crecimiento y eficiencia de la industria editorial de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Pardo José Luis Rodríguez , Abella Daniel Gómez 
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio evalúa la eficiencia técnica y el crecimiento en productividad de la industrial editorial en Bogotá durante el período 2000-2007, mediante la aplicación de la técnica de frontera de análisis envolvente de datos determinístico (DEA, siglas en inglés). Para esto, se construye un panel de datos balanceado con base en la información de la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera. Con la descomposición del índice deMalmquist se cuantifica el aporte de la eficiencia técnica y el cambio productivo de la industria para el periodo de estudio de la productividad.
Crecimiento económico y equidad en Boyacá durante 2000-2011
Authors: Araújo Edilberto Rodríguez 
Published: August 2021

El crecimiento económico no trae consigo mejoras inmediatas en la distribución del ingreso. Las políticas redistributivas pueden contribuir a corregir la inequidad social. El autor analiza cuál ha sido la incidencia del crecimiento de la economía boyacense, durante el periodo 2000-2011, en aspectos tales como pobreza, equidad distributiva, desarrollo humano y desempeño delmercado laboral, determinando que no existe una asociación positiva concluyente entre el dinamismo económico y sus correlatos sociales.
LA TEOLOGíA COMO DOGMA CURRICULAR Y El INICIO DEL LAICISMO JURíDICU EN LA UNIVERSIDAD
Authors: Martínez Moya Armando 
Published: August 2021

La fuerza del paradigma teológico en la Universidad Colonial de Guadalajara (1792-1821), se expresó curricularmente en todas las carreras establecidas entonces. Su noción sobre el saber, sobre el destino del individuo, sobre la sociedad, sobre el papel a jugar por los futuros egresados, estuvo entonces influida por la visión paradigmática, dogmática y corporativa que predominaba en la Nueva Galicia no obstante el desarrollo del proceso productivo y comercial de la región en los años recientes que exigía nuevas formas de concebir las relaciones sociales y las exigencias cotidianas, así como la expansión de nuevas formas ilustradas de conocimiento. Sin embargo, a partir de la lucha de independencia que reclamaba la decrepitud del modelo colonial y las reformas que en otros lugares se hacían de la educación universitaria, la universidad oscilaba entre defender su modelo de enseñanza pero también intentó irse adaptando a las nuevas circunstancias reformistas que impulsaba la ilustración. Pero no será sino hasta la consumación de la independencia cuando la universidad se verá obligada a cambiar. Estos cambios tendrán su efecto en la carrera civil de Derecho que romperá con el determinismo escolástico.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, universidad, teología, derecho civil, régimen colonial, independencia, ayuntamiento.
LOS MANUALES ESCOLARES COMO POSIBILIDAD INVESTIGATIVA PARA LA HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: ElEMENTOS PARA UNA DEFINICIÓN
Authors: Samacá Alonso Gabriel David 
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo pretende compartir una reflexión sobre los manuales escolares como fuente para la historia de la educación. Tal cometido parte de la premisa de la necesidad de contribuir a una definición amplia y compleja del manual escolar, reconociéndolo como un artefacto cultural que puede ser analizado desde diferentes ángulos. El manual se puede entender como una herramienta pedagógica, una mercancía del mundo editorial así como un vector cultural que vehicula valores en la sociedad. Aunque en el país la investigación con base en esta fuente se inició hace algunas décadas, consideramos que es necesario volver la mirada hacia la misma, con el fin de iniciar trabajos historiográficos que ausculten la historia de la educación, particularmente la enseñanza de la historia, desde diferentes ópticas facilitadas por los manuales escolares. Metodológicamente, este trabajo se desarrolló a partir de la revisión crítica de la bibliografía especializada en contraste con algunos manuales escolares empleados en la educación básica secundaria en la década de los noventa. Además de los elementos abstractos propuestos, es necesario recordar que la noción de manual escolar es histórica, de allí la pertinencia de acometer una caracterización de sus principales atributos en diferentes momentos históricos.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, manual escolar, dimensiones de un manual escolar, historia de la educación.
MODEL DISTRIBUSI KERAJINAN KREATIF JEMBER MENUJU PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Muhsyi Abdul , Fauziyyah Salma , Khusna Khanifatul , Mirzania Alif 
Published: August 2021

The creative industry is one of the industries that currently supports the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study is to formulate the distribution model of Jember's creative industry towards the international market. This study is quantitative-descriptive research conducted in Jember using SMEs as population. Furthermore, samples were taken by using a non-probability sampling technique with a convenience sampling method. The analytical tool used in this study was a fishbone diagram. The results of the fishbone diagram analysis showed several causes of SMEs growth problems such as the lack of HR skills in foreign languages, the inadequate of sophisticated technology in business, and the minimal amount of business capital. The inappropriate adoption of the technology was then identified as the root cause of the problem. Thus, the distribution model for the creative industry to increase competitiveness in the international market is the technology application in every element of the SMEs.
Keywords: creative industry, distribution model, fishbone diagram, international market
A 3×4 drop-plating protocol for estimation of Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, taking Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli as an example.
Authors: Zhong Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The estimation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria plays an important role in risk assessment and surveillance. To test the concentration of resistant bacteria with colony count is a fast and straightforward way to perform. Here we describe an optimized drop-plating method for colony counting of resistant bacteria. We took the ESBL-producing E. coli in freshwater samples as an example. The optimized methods can successfully quantify ESBL-producing E. coli of water samples in a concentration range of 104 CFU/L to 106 CFU/L. We have shown that this drop-plating method is comparable to the direct spreading method by testing with both methods on a series of simulated samples, which were constructed using raw surface water spiked with different concentrations of ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing phenotype has been further confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. Compared to direct spread methods, our methods can save consumables and operate with smaller sample sizes. Therefore, this method could be more sustainable in AMR surveillance and risk assessment.
Leptomeningeal pathology systematic review protocol v.16 final 7/23/2021
Authors: MD F MS Carol Palackdkharry ,   2.	Stephanie Wottrich BS,   3.	Erin Dienes PhD, Witiw Christopher D. ,   5.	Mohamad Bydon MD, Steinmetz Michael P. , Traynelis Vincent C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This prospective PRISMA systematic review with modified e-Delphi [SR] started with a focus on harm [arachnoiditis] caused by multiple types of spinal interventions, mostly spinal surgery. Preclinical studies were included in the searches to inform future directions. Global social media groups with >15K patients with the diagnosis express disdain towards doctors for being harmed and then abandoned—disabled, with intractable neuropathic pain, and no known therapy. The protocol was amended, additional searches added when collected 63 terms for the same area of pathology, and the SR expanded to diseases of the leptomeninges. This incomparable partnership between physician-scientist-patients and multiple neurosurgeons generates answers, exposes disparities, and results in an unanticipated conclusion.
Unraveling the genetic variability of host resilience to endo and ectoparasites under natural infestation, in Nellore cattle
Authors: Gouveia Gabriela Canabrava , Ribeiro Virgínia Mara Pereira , Fortes Marina Rufino Salinas , Raidan Fernanda Santos Silva , Reverter Antonio , de Moraes Mariana Mamedes , de Araújo Andresa Eva Melo , Gonçalves Daniel Resende , Silva Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa da , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:

Host resilience (HR) to parasites can affect growth in pastured raised cattle. This study is a detailed investigation of the genetic mechanisms of HR to ticks (TICK), gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), and Eimeria spp. (EIM) under natural infestation. HR was defined as the slope coefficient of random regression models of body weight (BW) when TICK, GIN, and EIM burdens were used as environmental gradients. The BW was evaluated in five measurement events (ME): when animals were 331, 385, 443, 498, and 555 days old on average. 7307 BW records were available from 1712 animals weighted at least in one ME. Out of those, 1075 animals had valid genotypic information after quality control analysis that were used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GWAS meta-analyses to identify genomic regions associated with HR.
Results:

Both the genetic correlations between intercept and HR to each parasite, and the genetic correlations between BW measured in animals submitted to different parasite burden indicated that there was genotype x parasite burden interaction for BW, and selection for BW under environment with controlled parasite burden might be an efficient strategy to improve both, BW and HR. Furthermore, there was no impact of age of measurement on genetic variance estimates for HR to different parasites. However, genetic correlation between HR to the same parasite measured in different ages ranged from low to moderate in magnitude, with a posteriori means (high posterior density interval with 90% of samples) varying from 0.13 (-0.05; 0.35) to 0.40 (0.15; 0.63) for TICK, from 0.11 (-0.06; 0.29) to 0.52 (0.37; 0.67) for GIN and from 0.25 (0.07; 0.43) to 0.56 (0.34; 0.77) for EIM.
Conclusions:

These results indicate the importance of age of measurement in studies on HR. HR to GIN and EIM can be used as a complementary tool to parasitic control management, and a multiple trait selection method that combine BW and HR to parasites should be used in parasitic endemic areas to avoid economic losses due parasitic diseases.
Application Effect Analysis of Three Methods of Heating and Humidification for Weaning Patients in ICU
Authors: Wu Yongxing , Bai Jiyu , Zhu XingQing , Zhu Zhijing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives Adequate humidity and temperature of the inhaled mixed air are important for patients weaning from ventilators. It can not only prevent the damage of dry gas on respiratory tract, but also facilitate the discharge of sputum. We aim to investigate the humidification and heating effects of artificial nose, Venturi device plus thermostatic humidification T-tube (referred as VT), Venturi device plus thermostatic humidification T-tube and PEEP valve (referred as VTP) in critical ill patients with tracheotomy in ICU.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.Patients: A total of 166 patients were engaged in this study. Clinical and laboratory examination data were used to determine the heating and humidification performance of 3 different methods.Methods A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in all critically ill patients ready to be weaned from mechanical ventilators. Three groups of patients were compared in terms of vital signs, the effect of artificial airway heating and humidification, and blood gas indicators. Basic patient data (age, gender, mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay, disease type) were recorded. Vital signs include heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation; The performance of heating and humidifying the artificial airway were defined as the number of sputum suction and coughing within 24 hours, sputum characteristics, whether there is bloody sputum formation, whether there is phlegm callus formation; Blood gas indicators include pH, oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, lactic acid, residual base, and bicarbonate.Results In terms of the heating and humidification performance of patients in ICU, the VT method and the VTP method were significantly superior to those of artificial nasal method.SpO2 was significantly higher in patients treated with the VTP method than that in patients treated with VT.ConclusionCompared with the artificial nose method, the VTP method and VT methods are better. In terms of improving oxygenation, the VTP method could improve the patient's oxygen sum more than the VT mothod.