bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative laryngoscopy with computer-aided diagnostic system for laryngeal lesions
Authors: Kuo Chung Feng Jeffrey , Lai Wen-Sen , Barman Jagadish , Liu Shao-Cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLaryngoscopes are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal lesions, but such diagnosis relies heavily on the physician's subjective experience. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the detection of laryngeal lesions based on objective criteria. This study used the distinct features of the image contour to find the clearest image in the laryngoscopic video. First to reduce the illumination problem caused by the laryngoscope lens, which could not fix the position of the light source, this study proposed image compensation to provide the image with a consistent brightness range for better performance. Second, we also proposed a method to automatically screen clear images from laryngoscopic film. Third, we used ACM to segment automatically them based on structural features of the pharynx and larynx, using hue and geometric analysis in the vocal cords and other zones. Finally, the support vector machine was used to classify laryngeal lesions based on a decision tree. This study evaluated the performance of the proposed system by assessing the laryngeal images of 284 patients. The accuracy of the detection for vocal cord polyps, cysts, leukoplakia, tumors, and healthy vocal cords were 93.15%, 95.16%, 100%, 96.42%, and 100%, respectively. The cross-validation accuracy for the five classes were 93.1%, 94.95%, 99.4%, 96.01% and 100%, respectively, and the average test accuracy for the laryngeal lesions was 93.33%. Our results showed that it was feasible to take the hue and geometric features of the larynx as signs to identify laryngeal lesions and that they could effectively assist physicians in diagnosing laryngeal lesions.
Oral Motor and Gesture Abilities Independently Associated With Preschool Language Skill: Longitudinal and Concurrent Relationships at 21 Months and 3–4 Years
Authors: Alcock Katie , Connor Simon 
Published: May 2021

PurposeEarly motor abilities (gesture, oral motor, and gross/fine skills) are related to language abilities, and this is not due to an association with cognitive or symbolic abilities: Oral motor skills are uniquely associated with language abilities at 21 months of age. It is important to determine whether this motor–language relationship continues beyond the earliest stage of language development to understand language acquisition better and better predict which children may have lasting language difficulties.MethodIn this longitudinal study, we assessed language comprehension and production, oral motor skill, gross/fine motor skill, and meaningless manual gesture at ages 3 years (N= 89) and 4 years (N= 71), comparing the contribution of motor skill and earlier (at 21 months of age) language ability. We also examined covariates: nonverbal cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and stimulation in the home as measured on the Home Screening Questionnaire.ResultsMotor abilities continue to have a significant relationship with language abilities independent of other factors in the preschool years. Meaningless manual gesture ability, gross/fine motor skill, and oral motor skill were still associated with language skill at 3 years of age; these relationships are not explained by the contribution of cognitive abilities or earlier language abilities.ConclusionsRelationships between early motor skill and language development persist into preschool years and are not explained by other cognitive or home factors, nor by a relationship with earlier language ability. This finding should lead to a better understanding of the origins of language abilities.
Kinematic and Acoustic Changes to Vowels and Diphthongs in Bite Block Speech
Authors: Dromey Christopher , Richins Michelle , Low Tanner 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
We examined the effect of bite block insertion (BBI) on lingual movements and formant frequencies in corner vowel and diphthong production in a sentence context.

Method
Twenty young adults produced the corner vowels (/u/, /ɑ/, /æ/, /i/) and the diphthong /ɑɪ/ in sentence contexts before and after BBI. An electromagnetic articulograph measured the movements of the tongue back, middle, and front.

Results
There were significant decreases in the acoustic vowel articulation index and vowel space area following BBI. The kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. There were no significant acoustic changes post-BBI for the diphthong, other than a longer transition duration. Diphthong kinematic changes after BBI included smaller movements for the back and middle of the tongue, but not the front.

Conclusions
BBI led to a smaller acoustic working space for the corner vowels. The adjustments made by the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the BBI perturbation in the diphthong, resulting in unchanged formant trajectories. The back and middle of the tongue were likely biomechanically restricted in their displacement by the fixation of the jaw, whereas the tongue front showed greater movement flexibility.
Phenomenology of automotive radar interference
Authors: Norouzian Fatemeh , Pirkani Anum , Hoare Edward , Cherniakov Mikhail , Gashinova Marina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMutual interference in automotive radar is expected to become a major issue owing to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road equipped with radar. The phenomenology of interference in frequency modulated continuous wave radar is presented. Interference is empirically analysed at every signal processing stage in the victim radar by means of experimentally verified simulation modelling. Knowledge of how interference manifests in different domains provides a useful tool to develop algorithms for interference detection, mitigation and/or avoidance. The receiver's filter response is analysed to minimise the interference duration and increase the effectiveness of time‐domain mitigation techniques. A innovative method of interference parameter extraction by using spectrograms is also introduced.
Das postthrombotische Syndrom – Häufigkeit, Diagnosestellung, Probleme bei der Klassifikation
Authors: Hirsch Tobias 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Phlebothrombose und ihr chronischer Folgezustand, das postthrombotische Syndrom, besetzen in der Gefäßmedizin eine zentrale Position. Die Erkrankungen sind für die Betroffenen mit erheblichen Konsequenzen verbunden, die sich in vielen Fällen auf das gesamte weitere Leben auswirken. Obwohl das postthrombotische Syndrom eine Vielzahl typischer Symptome auslösen kann, ist die klinische Diagnosestellung nicht immer eindeutig und erfordert häufig zusätzliche technische Untersuchungsmethoden.Die immer tiefergehenden Erkenntnisse über die Pathophysiologie einerseits und die Weiterentwicklung diagnostischer und therapeutischer Verfahren andererseits haben gerade in den letzten 20 Jahren zu einer erheblich stärkeren Sensitivität gegenüber der Erkrankung geführt und die Etablierung neuer Methoden vorangetrieben. So hat die Duplexsonografie die Phlebografie als Goldstandard in der Bildgebung abgelöst und Katheter-Verfahren haben einen festen Stellenwert neben oder sogar anstelle der offenen Chirurgie eingenommen. Auch das Wissen über die seit Jahrzehnten etablierte Kompressionstherapie hat sich weiter vermehrt, sodass auch die konservativen Behandlungsstrategien einen Wandel erfahren haben.Während für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Venenthrombose und Lungenembolie Leitlinien vorliegen, existieren keine aktuellen Empfehlungen, die die modernen Entwicklungen für das postthrombotische Syndrom berücksichtigen.Der Übersichtsartikel befasst sich mit dem diagnostischen Vorgehen unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung der Duplexsonografie und ordnet die weiteren zur Verfügung stehenden bildgebenden und funktionsdiagnostischen Methoden ein.
Gesundheitskompetenz: Deutschland in der digitalen Aufholjagd
Einführung technologischer Innovationen greift zu kurz
Authors: Schmidt-Kaehler Sebastian , Dadaczynski Kevin , Gille Svea , Okan Orkan , Schellinger Alexander , Weigand Marcel , Schaeffer Doris 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungZur digitalen Transformation des Gesundheitswesens sind vom
Bundesgesundheitsministerium in jüngster Zeit mehrere Gesetze
verabschiedet worden, die weitreichende Innovationen zur Verbesserung der
Versorgung und Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit des
Gesundheitssystems beinhalten. Gleichzeitig steigen damit die Anforderungen an
die Nutzer:innen im Umgang mit digitalen Anwendungen und Informationen. Digitale
Gesundheitskompetenz erhält dadurch besondere Relevanz. Vorliegende
Studien zeigen jedoch, dass die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz der
Bevölkerung in Deutschland nicht gut ausgeprägt ist. In dem
Beitrag werden daher die Herausforderungen, Lücken und Perspektiven bei
der Einführung und Umsetzung der neuen Digitalisierungsgesetze
diskutiert und 6 Punkte benannt, wie die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz
gefördert und Nutzer:innen stärker einbezogen werden
können.
Rare Atypical Presentation of a Neuroblastoma of Posterior Mediastinum
Authors: Singh Vishal , Tyngkan Lamkordor , Bhat Abdul Rashid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Neuroblastoma is the third most common malignancy and one of the most common neurogenic tumors of posterior mediastinum in the pediatric age group. A posterior mediastinal tumor causing spinal cord compression is an important example of an oncologic emergency arising from a neurogenic tumor. We present a rare case of posterior mediastinum neuroblastoma, with exclusive lower limb weakness presenting at an unusually older age.
Case Presentation A 6-year-old girl reported with upper back ache and sudden onset progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, with difficulty in urination for 10 days. The weakness had progressed to paraplegia on the day of presentation. On examination, the child was observed to have loss of tone and power in both lower limbs and bilateral extensor plantar reflex. Chest X-ray showed heterogeneous opacity involving most of the left lung. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed posterior mediastinal tumor, extending into spinal canal. Patient underwent D3 to D6 laminectomy with subtotal tumor excision and spinal decompression. Crush biopsy showed round cell tumor, and final histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated neuroblastoma, which was strongly positive for neuron-specific enolase on immunohistochemistry. The surgery was followed by chemotherapy, and the patient remained symptom free on 2-year follow-up.
Discussion The presenting symptoms in case of thoracic neuroblastoma may include airway obstruction and chronic cough. Sometimes, it may present with weakness, limping, paralysis, and bladder and bowel disturbances in case of spinal cord involvement. Posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma presenting with paraparesis is uncommon. In our case, the child presented with isolated lower limb flaccidity with no other classical symptoms. To the best of our knowledge and thorough study, only four cases of posterior mediastinum neuroblastoma presenting with lower limb paralysis has been published in the English literature to date.
Conclusion Tumor usually presents with pressure symptoms, caused by the mass in the posterior mediastinum, but it’s almost exclusive occurrence in the pediatric population warrants a thorough investigation in patients presenting with not only a symptomatic mass but also exclusive lower limb neurological symptoms.
What’s so special about born globals, their entrepreneurs or their business model?
Authors: Hennart Jean-François , Majocchi Antonio , Hagen Birgit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is near unanimity among international business scholars that it takes more time to expand internationally than domestically. Hence, this is why some are puzzled by born globals (BGs), firms that make large foreign sales at birth or shortly afterwards. Explanations given for this “anomaly” are that BGs have exceptional resources—advanced technologies and a high international orientation on the part of their entrepreneurs, and that they rely on cheaper internationalization strategies like the Internet and networks. What is almost completely overlooked is the role of the BG’s business model (BM). We analyze the time it took for a sample of Italian SMEs to reach BG status (25% foreign over total sales) within a three-year time span. Entering both international entrepreneurship (IE) and BM variables, we find that, among the IE variables, a firm’s technological intensity, the number of years their founders studied abroad and their foreign language fluency, as well as their use of domestic networks, are statistically insignificant. Variables measuring a firm’s focus on a niche BM, on the other hand, are statistically significant, along with the international work experience of the founders, with the niche BM explaining a higher level of variance with greater accuracy.
Broadband electrically controlled bismuth nanofilm THz modulator
Authors: Song Qi , Chen Hao , Zhang Min , Li Ling , Yang Junbo , Yan Peiguang 
Published: May 2021

In order to greatly promote impressive applications in terahertz (THz) photonics, research on active optoelectronic THz devices with high performance such as modulators is still a vital work. Electrically controlled THz modulators with a large modulation depth and wide modulation bandwidth are urgently needed for THz technology. Herein, a bismuth (Bi) nanofilm is rationally designed as an electrically controlled THz modulator combining the advantages of high electron mobility and near zero bandgap. The Bi nanofilm devices are produced by the magnetron sputtering deposition method, and the maximum modulation depth reaches 70% in the transmission spectrum. We have demonstrated an electrically tunable Bi nanofilm of modulating THz waves dynamically. Moreover, the Bi nanofilm modulator exhibits broadband modulation performance within a wide frequency range from 0.1 to 1.1 THz. Taking advantage of the excellent modulation property and simple approach to design, semimetal based devices are promising components for the development of high performance THz applications.
Protoctists, monerans, fungi, lichens and acellular organisms.
Authors: Rees Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This chapter contains questions about the classification and characteristics of a wide range of organisms including prokaryotes, protozoa, algae, slime molds, fungi, lichens and disease-causing microbes such as viruses and prions. The questions are divided into three levels: foundation, intermediate and advanced.
Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

In Queensland, Australia, K. pinnata was ranked 47 of 200 invasive naturalized plants (Batianoff and Butler, 2002). In New South Wales, Australia, it is a declared noxious weed under that state's Noxious Weed Act (1993) in the shire of Maclean. The species is listed as W2 requiring that the weed must be fully and continuously suppressed and destroyed by land managers. K. pinnata is described as a moderate invader of the Pacific islands of Hawaii, French Polynesia and Palau (Meyer, 2000). In the Galapagos Islands, K. pinnata invades disturbed sites and native vegetation (Soria et al., 2002). K. pinnata is recognized as a threat to island ecosystems by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER, 2004). It continues to be made available as a garden ornamental in many countries and is therefore likely to spread further.
Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).
Authors: Gassmann André , Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).
Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil).
Authors: Murphy Kevin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

M. spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) is an invasive submerged aquatic weed characteristic of temperate regions, as far north as the UK and Canada, and as far south as South Africa. It is recorded from at least 57 countries, probably native to all those Palearctic countries in which it occurs, less certainly an exotic in southern Afrotropical countries; and undoubtedly an alien invasive in the Nearctic (USA and Canada). It is a particular problem of streams, rivers and small water bodies where it primarily impedes flow and causes a range of associated environmental problems, such as water deoxygenation. Long-distance spread via the aquarium/garden trade has been a notable anthropogenic vector. Once introduced to a new region it spreads rapidly, primarily by vegetative stem fragmentation, and transport attached to boats, though seed production also occurs. It is listed as a notifiable/prohibited weed in many states and provinces of the USA and Canada, and in South Africa.
Opuntia aurantiaca (jointed cactus).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

O. aurantiaca has shown itself to be a serious invasive weed on natural grasslands in Australia and South Africa for over a hundred years, reducing carrying capacity, injuring livestock and reducing the value of animal products. It was introduced as an ornamental species and spread rapidly via dispersal of vegetative parts. However, introduction of cochineal and the cactus moth as biological control have reduced populations in infested areas to scattered plants or patches which now have mostly only a nuisance value. Nonetheless, there is a risk of further introduction into new areas via the trade in ornamental succulents and/or its escape where already present.
Antibiotic residues from aquaculture farms and their ecological risks in Southeast Asia: a case study from Malaysia
Authors: Thiang Ee Lean , Lee Choon Weng , Takada Hideshige , Seki Kanako , Takei Ayaka , Suzuki Satoru , Wang Aijun , Bong Chui Wei 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
One major source of antibiotic contamination in the sea is from aquaculture. We monitored the concentration of commonly used antibiotic classes and antibiotic resistance genes (
tet
(M),
sul1, sul2
and
sul3
) in aquaculture farms in Peninsular Malaysia.

Methods:
Antibiotic residues and resistance genes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time PCR respectively. Risk quotients in European technical guidance document on risk assessment was used to assess the potential environmental risk.

Results:
We detected 23 antibiotics with tetracyclines, sulfonamides and quinolones were the most frequently detected classes, indicating a wide distribution of antibiotics in Malaysian aquaculture farms. The dendrogram and heatmap revealed three groups of antibiotic concentration patterns but with no differences in the types of antibiotics usage among aquaculture farms. The ARGs (10
−3
copies/16S) were detected in >90% of the sites except for
sul3
. Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and lincomycin posed risks to cyanobacteria and algae in Kelantan, Perak and Pahang.

Conclusion:
Relative to Asian aquaculture farms, the residues detected here were at low or moderate levels except for quinolones. This study will be useful to develop effective management of aquaculture wastewater in order to mitigate antibiotic pollution and transmission of ARGs to humans through the food chain.
Understanding the isoscaling relationship in the fissioning system with evaluated data *
Authors: Chen Yong-Jing , Liu Yang-Yang , Liu Li-Le , Wang Fang-Yuan , Zhang Ying-Xun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The isoscaling parameters

in the fissioning systems, i.e., those extracted from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDF/B-VIII.0) and the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File (JEFF-3.3), show an obvious difference from simple statistic model prediction where only the symmetry energy plays the dominant role. To explain the

as a function of the charge number of the fission fragment, a statistic scission point model is adopted. Our analysis shows that the effects of the shell correction, nuclear shape deformation, and intrinsic temperature of fission fragments are indispensable as well as the symmetry energy. Furthermore, an alternative method for extracting the intrinsic temperatures of fission fragments is proposed based on the isoscaling relationship in fission fragments. The intrinsic temperatures of the light fragments are higher than those of the heavy fragments.
Experimental study regarding the implications of “Eco - Design” Directive over conception and performances of small boilers
Authors: Antonescu N. , Stanescu D. P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper makes an analyse regarding the implications of “Eco - Design” Directive over conception and performances of small boilers. The study is based over a large number of tested boilers under certified conditions. There are mainly two families of condensing boilers: those projected from the beginning as condensing boilers and those who initially were non-condensing boilers and then were shifted to condensing functioning. The study compares the technical performances reached by the boilers of each family considering also the economical and engineering constraints implied.
Evaluation of a Ventilating System for Indoor Air Quality and Smoke Exhaust during Fire inside an Underground Parking
Authors: Bode F , Sandu M , Năstase I , Calotă R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Together with the modern urbanization development, the number of underground cars parkings has grown significantly. They are provided with ventilation systems to evacuate the cars emissions and with smoke exhaust systems which intervene in case of fire. Generally, the same exhaust system is used to evacuate the emissions and the smoke from a potential fire even if the working parameters are not the same for both scenarios. The paper deals with a case study regarding an underground parking designed for 15 cars. Numerical simulations using CFD tools have been performed to establish the CO concentrations. The results prove that the CO concentration limits are exceeded due to the positioning of the exhaust grills. In case of a fire, the temperatures are still high. The conclusion is that CFD simulations are needed for this type of ventilating systems design and that only following the regulation prescriptions is not enough in case of fires.
Behaviour simulation of a main pipe depending on it’s execution material, in a non-steady flowing state (water hammer)
Authors: Popa I , Ungureanu I D , Perju S , Martan F M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current paper presents the optimal ways for choosing appropriate devices in order to protect the pressurized hydraulic installations in a water supply system, against water hammer phenomena. The case study done it in this research paper presents a hydraulic system formed by a main water pipe, and it’s behaviour regarding the water hammer phenomena, taking into account 3 types of pipe execution materials (ductile iron, polyethylene and glass reinforced pipe). The study includes also the protection equipment’s need it for each type of pipe material. Hydraulic simulation was made using a numerical calculation model, designed with a software special for non-steady flowing state in pressurized systems, called Bentley Hammer v.10i..