bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity Displacement: Architecture, Migration & the Islamic Woman
Authors:   , Gordon Rebecca Claire 
Published: November 2021

<p>Architecture can be regarded as both a product of culture and a medium that can influence change in contemporary society. Within the context of the Islamic woman refugee, architecture becomes intrinsically associated with the concept of socio-cultural sustainability because her cultural identity is challenged through the process of migration. Socio-cultural sustainability within the migrant context is concerned with maintaining cultural identity while allowing for transformation associated with the migration process. Furthermore, it aims to limit negative conflicts between ethnic groups that are often associated with misperceptions based on a lack of understanding. This thesis aims to further understand the role that architecture could play in the socio-cultural sustainability of Islamic women refugees living in Wellington. These women are often forced to make significant cultural changes through their migration process, and are faced with the question of which parts of their identity they maintain and which parts they adapt to the local culture. Traditional Islamic gender roles are challenged through the process of migration; where the Islamic woman, who was traditionally found within the home, is now becoming part of the professional workforce. The contrasting Western and Islamic perceptions of the veil identify that there are large gaps in the understanding of the other. Both the house and the mosque are two architectural typologies that play a significant part in the lives of Islamic women refugees, and therefore the design case study is divided into 2 parts. Housing New Zealand Corporation (HNZC), who is responsible for housing recently-arrived refugees, commonly place refugee migrants in state properties. These are unresponsive to the socio-cultural needs of most refugee migrants as they are generally designed for the New Zealand culture. Due to the limitations imposed on and by HNZC and the refugee housing process, the most feasible solution to this problem for the Islamic woman refugee is to provide Housing Design Guidelines for Islamic Women. They focus specifically on their socio-cultural needs and could be used in housing renovations and redevelopments by HNZC. The second and larger part of the design case studies concentrates on the redevelopment of the Kilbirnie Mosque in Wellington, which acts as an architectural symbol of Islamic identity. Unlike the house, it supports the wider concept of socio-cultural sustainability, which includes challenging the frequently negative perceptions towards the Islamic community. This is essential in fostering positive relationships between the migrant and the host community, which can significantly influence the re-settlement process of refugees. Traditional Islamic architecture is therefore critiqued in the design, through the concept of the veil and the contemporary position of the Islamic woman, in order to re-negotiate traditional perceptions.</p>
Learning Communities in the City: Social Constructivism, Spaces and Connections in the New Urban Primary School
Authors:   , Silverwood James 
Published: November 2021

<p>The main intention of the research is to develop a model for an inner city primary school building which is responsive to the urban context and reflects the educational theory of Social Constructivism. The underlying demand for an inner city primary school was identified as a result of a recent demographic shift which involves more families living in the centres of New Zealand’s cities. Schools are an important part of a city’s infrastructure, where quality schools can help to develop quality cities. There should be a close fit between current educational theory and contemporary school design. Social Constructivism views learning as the construction of knowledge through social interaction with peers, adults and the environment. The design case study proposes a vertical school that is capable of supporting strong links with the community through developing a ‘public living room’ alongside retail outlets. While the vertical nature of the school limits some contact it is possible to develop a ‘learning street’ and other meeting places within the school. The plan also provides flexible classroom spaces and workrooms to meet curriculum objectives. A variety of indoor and outdoor spaces can be provided but it is proposed that the children also access the city’s public open spaces and amenities. The city can be viewed as an extended classroom, as suggested in Strickland’s ‘City of Learning’ model. The site for the proposed school was selected to ensure easy access to amenities and resources. Overall the research suggests an inner-city primary school building is possible and even desirable for those living and working in the city.</p>
Making the Transition to Insulin Therapy: The Experiences of Samoan People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand
Authors:   , Tapu-Ta'ala Sera 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background Pacific people are dying younger compared to other New Zealanders because of complications resulting from uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Good diabetes control is achievable with early use of insulin because of its effectiveness, and proven long term benefits to quality of life. An understanding of how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes make their transition to insulin therapy will assist in understanding how insulin is perceived, which will inform health care professionals in their work with those diagnosed with diabetes. Aim of Research The aim of the research is to explore and describe how Samoan people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand made the transition to insulin therapy for better glycaemic control. Design The Fonofale Model was used as the theoretical framework, from which to understand Samoan peoples' experiences. This research used a qualitative descriptive methodology. In-depth interviews were used to gather the stories of four Samoan participants over the age of 18 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three major themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' stories. These were: living with diabetes, making the transition to insulin therapy and realisation. The findings led to the creation of the Ia Malu model, which describes the experiences of the participants in this study. Conclusion This study confirmed that there are immense challenges and struggles encountered by people with diabetes. Their adjustment to the illness as well as making the transition to using insulin takes time. As a result of this, it is fundamental for nurses/health care professionals to understand that this is the reality for these people, and they must therefore provide time for people to adjust.</p>
Manufacturing Consensus? New Zealand Press Attitudes Toward the Labour Movement in 1890
Authors:   , Keating James 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis investigates the attitudes of New Zealand newspapers to the social and economic tensions exacerbated by the emergence of a newly assertive labour movement in 1890, culminating in the August-November Maritime Strike, and the 5 December General Election. Through detailed analysis of labour reporting in six newspapers (Evening Post, Grey River Argus, Lyttelton Times, New Zealand Herald, Otago Daily Times, Press) this thesis examines contemporary conceptions of New Zealand society and editors’ expectations of trade unions in a colony that emphasised its egalitarian mythology. Although the establishment of a national press agency in 1880 homogenised the distribution of national and international news, this study focuses on local news and editorial columns, which generally reflected proprietors’ political leanings. Through these sites of ideological contest, conflicting representations of the ascendant trade union movement became apparent. While New Zealand newspapers sympathised with the striking London dockers in 1889, the advent of domestic industrial tensions provoked a wider range of reactions in the press. Strikes assumed a national significance, and the divisions between liberal and conservative newspapers narrowed. To varying degrees both considered militant action by organised labour a threat to the colony’s peace and prosperity – sentiments that pervaded their reporting. The New Zealand Maritime Strike confirmed these prejudices and calcified the perception of organised labour’s malevolence. Despite the year’s upheavals, this thesis contends that the press struggled to comprehend labour’s political ambitions, ignoring the unprecedented mobilisation of thousands of new voters, shifting public opinion, and the transformative impact of electoral reform. Distracted by the mainstream political obsession with land reform and convinced that public prejudices, stoked by their own reporting, would obviate a labour presence in the new parliament, the victory of the Liberal-labour coalition confounded the publishing establishment.</p>
The Evolutionary Origin and Biological Utility of Supernatural Expertise
Authors:   , Mahoney Andrew Neil 
Published: November 2021

<p>Recent psychological and cognitive research has explored the evolutionary origins of human religiosity. In this thesis, I explore the historical origin and social function of supernatural expertise. I define supernatural expertise as the act of acquiring and expressing supernatural knowledge. I critique several recent theories from evolutionary psychology and cognitive science by assessing the extent to which they can explain supernatural expertise. Costly signalling theory is the view that religious costs are adaptations that signal the cooperative intent of individuals. This theory cannot account for supernatural expertise as expressions of supernatural knowledge are typically linguistic, and one can verbally misrepresent one’s supernatural beliefs. Sexual selection theory explains how physiological or psychological traits can become exaggerated over time if they are preferred by mating partners. Sexual selection can explain an increase in the cognitive capacities necessary for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge. However, it cannot account for the complex nature of supernatural information. Cognitively optimal theory predicts that the religious information which persists within human populations should be easily transferred and recalled. The theory cannot account for any supernatural information which requires considerable effort to acquire. The modes theory explains religion in terms of memory systems and the social arrangements that humans have developed to mediate the exchange of religious ideas. These result in two modes of religiosity. The doctrinal mode of religiosity explains why supernatural experts exist, but not how supernatural expertise originated. I conclude by arguing for an innovative theory for supernatural expertise. I employ cognitively optimal theory to explain why some supernatural concepts are difficult to recall. I explain the signalling function of supernatural expertise in terms of the costly effort invested in the acquisition of supernatural information. I propose that sexual selection for the cognitive capacities to acquire supernatural knowledge has enhanced the ability to acquire such information; this necessitates an increase in the complexity of supernatural information which ensures cooperative commitment remains a predominant motivation for the acquisition of supernatural knowledge, in spite of enhanced cognitive ability. I discuss several social conditions that result from the doctrinal mode of religiosity and how they solve cooperation problems in dense populations.</p>
New Sesterterpenes from Marine Sponges from the Tropical Waters of the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors:   , Taufa Taitusi 
Published: November 2021

<p>Over the course of this study, various species of Tongan marine sponges were investigated using an NMR-based screening method and has resulted in the discovery of three new sesterterpenes and 11 known compounds. Examination of the sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. resulted in the isolation of two novel sesterterpenes, isoluffariellolide (46) and 1-O-methylisoluffariellolide (47). Compounds 46 and 47 share the same backbone pattern as the known luffariellolide (45) and 25-Omethylluffariellolide (107) respectively, and differ only in the substitution pattern of the butenolide rings. Isoluffariellolide (46) was found to be approximately six times less cytotoxic than 1-O-methylisoluffariellolide (47). Interestingly, these results suggested that the 1-O-methyl group in compound 47 plays an important role in the cytotoxicity of the compound. Secothorectolide (49), a new ring-opened and geometric isomer of the known compound thorectolide (48), was obtained from a sponge of the order Dictyoceratida. This ring closure and opening relationship was also observed between manoalide (109) and secomanoalide (110), as well as luffariellins A (141) and B (142). Despite the different carbon skeleton, the functional groups in 141 and 142 are similar with those in 109 and 110, respectively, and not surprisingly the biological properties are almost identical. The biological activities of compounds 48 and 49 were almost the same, which would give an insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between these types of compounds.</p>
Skin to Skin: A Provocative Expression of the Dynamic Relationship Between the Surface of the Body and the Surface of Architecture
Authors:   , Ibbotson Thomas 
Published: November 2021

<p>It can be argued that modern architecture has expelled the building’s relationship to the ground. Raised on pilotis, modern buildings constructed the platform as an artificial ground plane. Ultimately, the platform was a two-dimensional plane, flattened to aid our transition across the built environment. This horizontal plane merely tolerated inhabitation. Unfortunately the language synonymous with this plane has been extended into contemporary architecture. It is proposed that the rigidity and stability expressed by the surface of the horizontal plane has failed to reflect the body, stimulate interaction, or challenge the inhabitant of architecture. To free the horizontal plane from its rigid axis this thesis aims to break away from the conventional building typology inflicted by modern architecture. As the force of gravity restricts our inhabitation of the built environment to the horizontal plane we directly engage with this surface of architecture. It provokes the question, how can the design of the horizontal plane engage the body and challenge the inhabitant to intensify the experience of architecture? An exploration of the skin-to-skin relationship between the surface of the body and the surface of architecture directs this thesis toward a provocative design exploration and evokes an expressive horizontal plane. To challenge the restrictive conception of architecture’s horizontal plane the program of inhabitation for this design project explores the practice of yoga. Now conceived as a dynamic force, the body can be activated by architecture’s horizontal plane. This surface provides an expressive canvas with the capacity to embody the dynamic movements of yoga. It aids, activates and challenges the participant’s body and amplifies the experience of yoga. An expressive horizontal plane, central to the inhabitation of a yoga centre, generates a dynamic space that provokes a dialogue of interaction between the inhabitant and the surface of architecture. A dynamic plane has emerged.</p>
Crustal Cracks in Areas of Active Deformation: Correlation of GPS and Seismic Anisotropy
Authors:   , Unglert Katharina 
Published: November 2021

<p>Seismic anisotropy in the upper crust can be observed from shear-wave split- ting. It is closely related to crack distribution, orientation and density via the orientation of fast polarisation and the delay time between the two perpendic- ular components of the original shear-wave. Since stress variations can a ect crustal cracks, they should change shear-wave splitting. Another observable result of variations in stress can be deformation measured by GPS (Global Positioning System). Although there are as yet few publications linking these di erent methods, some have suggested an alignment of fast direction with maximum horizontal compressive stress and maximum horizontal compressive strain. We examine whether we can observe this or a di erent relation of seis- mic anisotropy to strain and stress changes in three di erent settings. We performed shear-wave splitting analyses of local earthquakes and baseline and strain calculations around Taupo caldera (New Zealand), Aso caldera (Japan), and around an area on the Raukumara peninsula (New Zealand) associated with slow slip on the Hikurangi subduction interface. Both anisotropy and deformation vary with time in all three regions, but the time variations do not strongly correlate with each other. We suggest that a strong deformation signal observed at Taupo caldera might have a regional, non-volcanic source, and small variations in shear-wave splitting cannot be linked to variations in GPS time series or baselines. At Aso caldera strong deformation seems to be directly related to volcanic activity. Seismic anisotropy also shows a change, but at a slightly di erent time than the GPS signal. On the Raukumara peninsula, the strong deformation associated with slow slip does not show up as a variation in seismic anisotropy, although variations in shear-wave splitting do exist in this area. Overall, we observe an alignment of fast direction with either maximum horizontal compressive strain or stress or both for a subset of time periods and stations. In addition, there is a contribution of structure to the observed anisotropy. We conclude that deformation and seismic anisotropy cannot always be linked in a straightforward way. Instead, shear-wave splitting may be connected to smaller scale processes than can be detected by the current densities of the GPS networks.</p>
Recognising Non-Conjugal Relationships in New Zealand: Should We Extend the Rights and Responsibilities of Marriage and Marriage-Like Relationships to Other Caring Relationships?
Authors:   , Johns Lorraine 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis considers whether the legal recognition of non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand should be improved; particularly by extending them the rights and responsibilities of marital and marriage-like (conjugal) relationships. For the purpose of this thesis, “non-conjugal” relationships are close, caring platonic relationships where people share their lives to a significant degree. Over the last decade, there has been a trend toward extending the legal consequences of marriage to non-conjugal relationships in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. At the same time, the distinction between conjugal and non-conjugal relationships has been destabilised, due to the de-emphasis of sexual intimacy as a criterion for recognising marriage-like relationships. This thesis considers whether the marriage model should be extended to include certain non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand, as it has been overseas. It is clear that non-conjugal relationships can exhibit many of the features associated with conjugal relationships, as demonstrated by the high profile Burden sisters' case in the United Kingdom. These include characteristics such as long-term cohabitation, caring, commitment and interdependency. However, non-conjugal relationships typically exhibit these features to a lesser degree, which means that they may have different needs and require different support from the state. Ultimately, this thesis recommends against extending the marriage model to non-conjugal relationships for a number of reasons, including that the marriage model does not appear to respond adequately to the needs or living arrangements of people in non-conjugal relationships. However, this thesis also suggests that non-conjugal relationships in New Zealand can benefit from legal recognition in some cases. Aside from human rights considerations, the state has an interest in promoting these relationships due to their contribution to social cohesion and informal caregiving. As such, this thesis recommends a new framework for recognising personal relationships that also allows for nonconjugal relationships in New Zealand to be supported and promoted by the law, where appropriate.</p>
Citizenship in Our Place: Exploring New Zealand Young People's Everyday, Place-Based Perspectives on Participation in Society
Authors:   , Wood Bronwyn Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

<p>Developing more active citizens has been a feature of policies in many nations in recent years. Educational curricula in particular have been viewed as an important way to deliver this goal. The revised New Zealand Curriculum (2007) is an example of this, with a vision to develop young people who will be confident, connected, actively involved, lifelong learners (p. 8) who will themselves “participate and take action as critical, informed, and responsible citizens” (p. 17). In this thesis, I explore how New Zealand young people are currently participating as citizens by examining their conceptions and practices of social action alongside those of their teachers. My approach draws attention to spatial and relational aspects of young people’s everyday, place-based perspectives on participation in society. The conceptual and theoretical framework underpinning this research is developed through Bourdieu’s analytical concepts of habitus, field and capital, and Mills’ (1959) “sociological imagination”. Participants in this research included 122 social studies students (n=122) aged between 14 and 18 years old, and their teachers (n=27) from four diverse secondary schools in New Zealand. Data collection included café-style focus groups with young people, as well as visual data generated by participation in Photovoice research. More traditional focus groups were also undertaken with social studies teachers at each of the four schools. Taking an everyday, place-based approach to youth participation opened up new and relatively unexplored landscapes of participation. Young people provided many examples of how they were “taking action” through formal opportunities (provided by their teachers, schools and communities), as well as informal ways, such as standing up against a bully, or reducing water usage. Through their identification of social issues that needed addressing, it was possible to see their citizenship imaginations at play. Social studies teachers played a significant role in shaping young people’s awareness of social issues as well as providing them with opportunities to take action on these issues. The findings revealed the enduring importance of young people’s everyday experiences of inclusion/exclusion within places, as well as the contribution of the participatory capital of their teachers, families and communities, in shaping their citizenship perceptions, imaginations and actions.</p>