bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON VISCOELASTICITY PROPERTY OF DIFFERENT LAYERS PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT UNDER COMPRESSION
Authors: ZHOU JINLAI , SONG YANG , XU CHENGUANG , ZHANG CHUNQIU , YANG XIU PING , SHI XUE 
Published: July 2021

The periodontal ligament (PDL) exhibits different material mechanical properties along the long axis of the teeth. To explore the creep and the relaxation effects of dissimilar layers of PDL, this paper took the central incisors of porcine mandibular as experimental subjects and divided them perpendicular to the teeth axis into five layers. Creep experiments and relaxation experiments on five layers were conducted to obtain the creep compliance and relaxation modulus at different layers. Linear elastic model, generalized Kelvin model, and generalized Maxwell model were used to describe the major characteristics of the PDL: Instantaneous elasticity, creep and relaxation. Fitting accuracy of three-parameter, five-parameter, and seven-parameter of the model was compared, and the constitutive equations of different layers were established by the least square method. The results presented that the creep strain and the relaxation stress of PDL were exponentially correlated with time under different loading conditions. Different layers showed a significant effect on the creep strain and relaxation stress of PDL. Along the long axis of the teeth, the changing rule of the creep compliance and relaxation modulus of each layer showed quite the contrary, and the instantaneous elastic modulus first decreased to the minimum, then increased to the maximum. Higher instantaneous elastic modulus led to lower creep compliance and higher relaxation modulus. The generalized Kelvin model and the generalized Maxwell model well characterized the creep and relaxation properties of PDL. Fitting accuracy increased with the number of model parameters. The relaxation time of PDL was about one order of magnitude shorter than the creep retardation time, which indicated that the relaxation effect lasted shorter than the creep effect.
Boundedness and Asymptotic Behavior to a Chemotaxis System with Indirect Signal Generation and Singular Sensitivity
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhao Li , Pan Heping 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the following indirect signal generation and singular sensitivity

n

t

=
Δ
n
+
χ

∇

⋅

n
/
φ

c

∇
c

,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

c

t

=
Δ
c
−
c
+
w
,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

w

t

=
Δ
w
−
w
+
n
,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

in a bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R

N

N
=
2
,
3

with smooth boundary

∂
Ω

. Under the nonflux boundary conditions for

n

,

c

, and

w

, we first eliminate the singularity of

φ

c

by using the Neumann heat semigroup and then establish the global boundedness and rates of convergence for solution.
Taiwanese Buddhism and Environmentalism
Authors: Lee Chengpang , Han Ling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Buddhism is often said to be an environment-friendly religion, but this thesis is rarely investigated. In this paper, we employ a mixed-method approach to examine this thesis in the case of Taiwan. We use data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (tscs) and apply qualitative content analysis to examine practices among major Taiwanese Buddhist organizations. The findings suggest: (1) Buddhists in Taiwan engage significantly more in environment-friendly behavior than other religious members, and (2) members of different Buddhist organizations display similar levels of engagement in environment-related behavior. However, (3) Buddhist organizations engage very differently in environment-related activities. (4) Buddhist organizations engage more in nonpolitical environmental activities than they do in politically sensitive ones, and (5) among the four major Buddhist organizations, female-led Buddhist organizations show a higher level of environment-related practices than male-led organizations.
Log Transport in the Limestone Alps, Austria: Where Did the Timber Go?
Authors: Grabner Michael , Wächter Elisabeth , Karanitsch-Ackerl Sandra , Jeitler Markus , Buchinger Günther 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wood is one of the most important sustainable natural resources. Throughout centuries, large cities as well as regions of very high wood demand (for example, areas of salt production and iron processing) had to be supplied with wood for building and burning. One of the largest forests in Austria can be found in the National Park covering the range of mountains called “Limestone Alps.” Within this region, a wide network of dams was set up to transport single logs (“Holztrift”). Due to the dendrochronological dating of the surviving dams, regional chronologies spanning a length of almost 600 years for Norway spruce, Silver fir and European larch were set up. These chronologies serve as the background for dendro-provenancing timber. Dendro-provenancing checks the similarities between samples and different regional chronologies. The highest statistical figures give hints of the origins of the wood. Archival analyses show that many logs were transported to Vienna as rafts. For example, in 1865, more than 1504 rafts arrived in Vienna, all from different origins. The logs were used as building material as well as for burning. Further archival analyses showed that logs from this region were also used for building the roof of the Hofburg Castle in Vienna. Several hundred samples from the roof construction were dendrochronologically dated and used for dendro-provenancing. The origin of the logs was confirmed to be the wider region of the Northern alpine foothills. This meant that rafts from the rivers Alm and Traun as well as from the rivers Steyr and Enns had floated down to Vienna.
Austrian Logging: A Historical Account of the Time of Felling and Debarking, and Transportation Practices
Authors: Nemestothy Sebastian , Grabner Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wood in Austria has been an indispensable source of energy, but also, a crucial building material. In the field of dendroarchaeology the timeline between raw material harvest and finalisation of a wooden construction is a crucial piece of puzzle in understanding building history. This paper aims to provide an overview on historical timber supply in Austria by examining the felling and debarking methods, as recorded in old literature and, from the visible evidence on beams in wooden constructions. Historically, depending on the size and location of a building, a small or extended supply chain of timber was required. These generally consisted of logs travelling via streams and rivers, and possibly beforehand passing through sluices and log slides, being skidded by horses and oxen, and being moved by manpower on sleighs, or simply on the forest floor. The seasonal working steps of the logging process included felling, debranching, debarking, cutting to length, and the start of the transportation process. Debarking was a specific focus in this investigation, as the appearance of bast (the inner bark of trees from which ropes were made) or even bark residues on the waney edge (outermost growth ring underneath the bark), may provide a clue to the felling time of year. These indications of the cutting season have been noticed during dendrochronological sampling of beams in historical buildings. Improved knowledge of them may contribute to future research of these buildings.
Traces of Transport at the Vienna Hofburg Roof Constructions
Authors: Wächter Elisabeth , Grabner Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Vienna Hofburg is a large complex of buildings of unique historic importance with historical wooden constructions from the 13th to the 20th century. Within its wooden roof constructions, rafting wedges were found, which proves that the timber used did not originate in the surroundings of Vienna but had to be transported to the city. An ascertainment of these residual traces in eleven wings of the Hofburg building was made; five different types (within two main groups) of rafting wedges and withies (softened twigs that can be used like short ropes to tie trunks together) were defined: (1) simple flat wedges, driven into the fresh wood; (2) round or squared wedges, with or without withies driven into bored wholes. It was not possible to trace back the origin of the construction timber by means of that typology. However, the combination of dendroprovenancing and historic records found in archives led to first results.
Bibliometric Analysis of Microtia-Related Publications From 2006 to 2020
Authors: Wang Wei , Dong Xinxin , Qu Jianwen , Lin Yangyang , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Microtia is a congenital auricular malformation with a hypoplastic external ear that ranges in severity from a slightly smaller auricle to complete the absence of the auricle. The present study was conducted to identify and analyze the characteristics of microtia-related articles published from 2006 to 2020 by using bibliometric analyses. Method: Microtia-related studies published from 2006 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Keywords, first author, citations, date of publication, and publication journal were extracted and quantitatively analyzed using Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder software and the Bibliometric ( https://bibliometric.com/app ). VOSviewer was used to visualize research and form a network map on keywords and citations. Results: A total of 1031 articles from 2006 to 2020 were included. The number of articles showed an overall trend of growth over time. The United States and China are the top 2 countries in terms of the number of microtia-related articles. From the analysis of keyword clustering, keywords could be mainly divided into 4 clusters in the field of microtia research: surgery, tissue engineering, epidemiology, and rehabilitation including hearing-related treatments, evaluation of effects, and quality of life after surgery. The top 10 most frequently cited papers from 2006 to 2020 were also extracted and analyzed. Conclusion: A bibliometric research of microtia-related articles from 2006 to 2020 was conducted. This study may be helpful to understand the current research status of microtia and find the research trends in this field, thus proposing future directions for microtia research.
Effects of benzodiazepine and orexin receptor antagonist on cognitive function revealed by auditory event-related potentials
Authors: Shiga Tetsuya , Hoshino Hiroshi , Ochiai Haruka , Osakabe Yusuke , Kanno Kazuko , Horikoshi Sho , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cognitive decline after oral administration of sedatives, such as benzodiazepines, is a serious side effect. Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, has a favorable tolerability and a limited side-effect profile. Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the cognitive decline 1 day after oral medication with lormetazepam, a benzodiazepine, and suvorexant by comparing mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 reflecting auditory discrimination function. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (42 males) were randomly assigned to three groups receiving suvorexant 20 mg, lormetazepam 2 mg, or placebo in this double-blind, randomized control study. Event-related potential recordings during an auditory oddball task and a digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were performed 1 day after oral administration. Results: MMN, on the day after oral administration, was significantly attenuated in the lormetazepam group compared with the other two groups, but there was no difference between the suvorexant and placebo groups. No significant difference was found in P300 amplitudes and DSST scores among the three groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that suvorexant, unlike benzodiazepine, is not associated with cognitive deficits, as revealed by MMN but not P300. This study shows a neurophysiological difference in the effects of suvorexant and benzodiazepine on cognitive function.
Identification of key genes in allergic rhinitis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Huang Yue , Chen Wen-xia , Xu Zheng-min 
Published: July 2021

Objective This study aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of allergic rhinitis (AR) and identify gene signatures by analyzing microarray data using bioinformatics methods. Methods The dataset GSE19187 was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples from patients with AR and healthy controls. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were applied for the DEGs. Subsequently, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. GSE44037 and GSE43523 datasets were screened to validate critical genes. Results A total of 156 DEGs were identified. GO analysis verified that the DEGs were enriched in antigen processing and presentation, the immune response, and antigen binding. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were enriched in Staphylococcus aureus infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and allograft rejection. PPI network and module analysis predicted seven hub genes, of which six ( CD44, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB5, MUC5B, and CD274) were identified in the validation dataset. Conclusions Our findings suggest that hub genes play important roles in the development of AR.
Participation patterns and predictors of participation in preschool children with developmental disability
Authors: Stelmokaite Agne , Prasauskiene Audrone , Bakaniene Indre 
Published: July 2021

Introduction The research was aimed to evaluate patterns and clinical and environmental predictors of participation in preschool children with developmental disability. Method Cross-sectional design was employed. Caregivers ( n = 98) of children aged 9–70 months (mean = 48, SD = 1.5) with developmental disability completed a health questionnaire and the Lithuanian Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM). Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were performed to identify patterns and predictors of participation at home, daycare/preschool, and the community. Results Participation restrictions, based on frequency and variety of activities, were mostly observed in the community setting. Both clinical and environmental factors explained at least two dimensions of participation across all settings. Of the clinical factors, the predictors of participation were found to be the severity but not the number of impairments of body structures and functions and/or activity limitations. Conclusions This study emphasizes the role of the environment and activity limitations in explaining participation of preschool children with developmental disability. Findings can re-direct practitioners’ attention towards context-based assessments and interventions to promote health through participation.
Preparation and properties of bismaleimide resin blended with alkynyl-terminated modifiers
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Linxiang , Yuan Qiaolong , Zheng Qing , Wan Liqiang , Huang Farong 
Published: July 2021

A kind of modified bismaleimide resin, with good processability, heat resistance, and impact strength was developed, using 4,4′-dipropargyloxydiphenyl ether (DPEDPE), N-(4-propargyloxyphenyl)maleimide (4-PPM), and 3-ethynylphenyl maleimide (3-EPM) as modifiers. The DPEDPE, 4-PPM, and 3-EPM were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and used to modify the N,N′-(4,4′-diphenylmethane)bismaleimide (BDM)/2,2′-diallyl bisphenol A (DABPA) resin system (BD) to obtain the different blend resin systems of DPEDPE-modified BD (BDD), 4-PPM-modified BD (BDP), and 3-EPM-modified BD (BDE). The curing temperature of BD resin increases with increase of the alkynyl-terminated modifier content. The processability of BD resin was improved with addition of the propargyloxy-terminated compounds. The temperature of 5% weight loss, residual yield at 800°C and glass transition temperature of the cured BD resin increase with increase of the alkynyl-terminated modifier content and can reach 443°C, 46.7% and higher than 380°C. The tensile strength of the cured BD resin decreases with increase of alkynyl-terminated modifier content. The impact strength of the cured BD resin increases with increase of the propargyloxy-terminated compound content and can increase by 65%. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and impact strength of the cured BD resin blended with DPEDPE can be 73.7 MPa, 4.1 GPa, and 19.6 kJ m−2, respectively. Moreover, the cured BD resin blended with DPEDPE has good water absorption resistance.
Targeting the Myeloid Lineages and the Immune Microenvironment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Novel and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Chung Clement 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To discuss the recent and emerging data for novel targeted therapies in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Data Sources: A literature search from January 2015 to June 2021 was performed using the key terms targeted therapies, myelodysplastic syndromes, DNA repair, erythroid differentiation therapy, epigenetic inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, and apoptosis-inducing agents. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical trials and articles in the English language were identified and reviewed. Data Synthesis: MDS are a heterogeneous group of malignant blood disorders affecting the bone marrow (BM), ultimately leading to BM failure, acute leukemia, and death. Selection of treatment is influenced by the severity of symptoms, cytopenia, cytogenetics, prognostic category, medical fitness, and patient preferences. Although current therapies such as erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) help improve anemia and reduce transfusion burden, limited treatment options exist when patients experience treatment failure to ESAs or HMA. Recent regulatory approval of luspatercept, which targets the erythroid differentiation pathway, represents a major therapeutic advance in the management of anemia in MDS patients who are refractory to ESAs. Many investigational targeted therapies that aim at the myeloid lineage signaling pathway and the immune microenvironment are in active development. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This nonexhaustive review summarizes and describes the recent data for targeted therapies for MDS. Conclusion: The development of novel and investigational therapeutic agents continues to contribute to an improved understanding of tumor biology. The precise therapeutic role and timing of these agents remain to be elucidated.
Low Donor Site Morbidity Associated With Tricortical Calcaneal Bone Graft
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Costa João Henrique Almeida , Domingues Giancarlo , Lima João Paulo Bacellar Costa , Sanhudo José Antônio Veiga , Pereira Filho Miguel Viana 
Published: July 2021

Background: Autologous grafting is widely used in orthopaedic surgery because of its high osteogenic capacity, immunologic compatibility, for the absence of risk of disease transmission, and for not requiring a bone bank. The posterior-superior calcaneal tuberosity is an option for obtaining a cortical and cancellous structural bone. This study aims to describe the operative technique and complications observed at the donor site of the posterior-superior calcaneal tuberosity. Methods: Patients who underwent graft harvesting from the posterior-superior calcaneal tuberosity were retrospectively evaluated by pain outcomes, imaging tests, and intra- and postoperative complications. Results: Twenty patients with a median age of 69 years (range 48-77) and follow-up of 16 months (12-26) were assessed. Median postoperative pain at the donor site was 0 (0-6), with 2 patients reporting persistent local pain. No case of Achilles tendon rupture or intra- or postoperative calcaneal fracture were identified. One patient developed a superficial infection that was quickly resolved using oral antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The posterior-superior calcaneal tuberosity is an alternative source of autologous graft with low donor site morbidity. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Correction of lower eyelid retraction combined with entropion in thyroid eye disease patients of East Asian ancestry
Authors: Ma Yue , Tang Meiting , Kikkawa Don O , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study evaluates causes and treatment of lower eyelid retraction with co-existing entropion in Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) patients of East Asian ancestry. Methods: The medical records for 25 eyelids from 15 TED patients with lower eyelid retraction and entropion who had undergone combined orbital decompression and lower eyelid retraction correction surgery at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018 were prospectively reviewed. We build a numerical model of biomechanics to analyze von Mises stress and displacement at the lower eyelid. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 6 ± 2 months. The difference of mean exophthalmos was 5.16 ± 1.21 mm ( t = 21.26, p = 4.479E-17 < 0.05). The difference of mean MRD2 was 1.9 ± 0.14 mm ( t = 67.57, p = 6.751E-29 < 0.05). About 2 of 25 eyelids entropion recurred postoperatively; the overall success rate was 92%. The biomechanical analysis results reveal that the eyelid margin is given more stress and caused more displacement in East Asian ancestry under the same force of pressure. Conclusions: This study shows that the lower eyelid retraction with coexistent entropion is attributable to the unique anatomical features of patients of East Asians ancestry. We corrected the lower eyelid retraction and entropion during the orbital decompression operation. The results show that this method is safe and effective. It can simultaneously improve the symptoms of TED patients such as exophthalmos, lower eyelid retraction, and entropion, with minimal complications.
Dripping Technology Use Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Massey Zachary B , Brockenberry Laurel O , Murray Tori E , Harrell Paul T 
Published: July 2021

Background: Young adults are increasingly using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The standard ENDS device involves an electric coil that heats a wick to vaporize an e-liquid solution. “Dripping” is another method that involves applying e-liquid directly to the coil. Dripping increases risk of harmful toxic compounds in vapor aerosols. Despite evidence of high levels of dripping among adolescents, young adult prevalence is unknown. Methods: Young adults aged 18 to 24 completed an online survey assessing vaping and dripping status, type of devices used, tobacco use, and vaping expectancies. Among ever-vapers, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models assessed whether demographics predicted dripping and use of dripping devices. Multivariate Analysis of Variance compared never- and ever-drippers on expectancies for vaping outcomes. Results: Over 2 in 5 young adult ever-vapers (43.7%) reported dripping. A multivariate regression model found that male gender (AOR = 1.83), identifying as White (AOR = 2.37), and use of other tobacco products (hookah; AOR = 1.91; cigars; AOR = 2.26; cigarettes; AOR = 2.51) were associated with dripping. E-cigarette users who reported lifetime dripping were more likely to consider vaping stimulating, socially facilitating, and flavorful. They ascribed lower health risks to vaping and felt it could reduce negative affect, weight gain, nicotine cravings, and boredom (all P < .05). Conclusion: Dripping was a highly prevalent behavior among this sample of young adults, particularly among White males. These findings point to the importance of gaining a greater understanding of the drivers and consequences of vaping and dripping behavior.