bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation management in haemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation: evidence and opinion
Authors: De Vriese An S , Heine Gunnar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the absence of robust evidence to guide clinical decision-making, the optimal approach to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in haemodialysis (HD) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains moot. In this position paper, studies on oral anticoagulation (OAC) in HD patients with AF are highlighted, followed by an evidence-based conclusion, a critical analysis to identify sources of bias and practical opinion-based suggestions on how to manage anticoagulation in this specific population. It remains unclear whether AF is a true risk factor for embolic stroke in HD. The currently employed cut-off values for the CHA2DS2-VASc score do not adequately discriminate dialysis patients deriving a net benefit from those suffering a net harm from OAC. Anticoagulation initiation should probably be more restrictive than currently advocated by official guidelines. Recent evidence reveals that the superior benefit–risk profile of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) observed in the general population and in moderate chronic kidney disease can be extended to the HD population. VKA may be especially harmful in dialysis patients and should therefore be avoided, in particular in patients with a high bleeding risk and labile international normalized ratio. Dose-finding studies of DOACs suggest that rivaroxaban 10 mg daily and apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily are appropriate choices in dialysis patients. Combined treatment with oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents should be reserved for strong indications and limited in time. Left atrial appendage occlusion is a potential attractive solution to reduce the risk of stroke without increasing bleeding propensity, but it has not been properly studied in dialysis patients.
Rice calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase directly phosphorylates a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase to regulate abscisic acid responses
Authors: Chen Min , Ni Lan , Chen Jing , Sun Manman , Qin Caihua , Zhang Gang , Zhang Aying , Jiang Mingyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is an important positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress signaling in plants and is believed to act upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in ABA signaling. However, it is unclear how CCaMK activates MAPK in ABA signaling. Here, we show that OsDMI3, a rice (Oryza sativa) CCaMK, directly interacts with and phosphorylates OsMKK1, a MAPK kinase (MKK) in rice, in vitro and in vivo. OsDMI3 was found to directly phosphorylate Thr-25 in the N-terminus of OsMKK1, and this Thr-25 phosphorylation is OsDMI3-specific in ABA signaling. The activation of OsMKK1 and its downstream kinase OsMPK1 is dependent on Thr-25 phosphorylation of OsMKK1 in ABA signaling. Moreover, ABA treatment induces phosphorylation in the activation loop of OsMKK1, and the two phosphorylations, in the N-terminus and in the activation loop, are independent. Further analyses revealed that OsDMI3-mediated phosphorylation of OsMKK1 positively regulates ABA responses in seed germination, root growth, and tolerance to both water stress and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that OsMKK1 is a direct target of OsDMI3, and OsDMI3-mediated phosphorylation of OsMKK1 plays an important role in activating the MAPK cascade and ABA signaling.
Is Positive Sentiment in Corporate Annual Reports Informative? Evidence from Deep Learning
Authors: Azimi Mehran , Agrawal Anup 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We use a novel text classification approach from deep learning to more accurately measure sentiment in a large sample of 10-Ks. In contrast to most prior literature, we find that positive and negative sentiments predict abnormal returns and abnormal trading volume around the 10-K filing date and future firm fundamentals and policies. Our results suggest that the qualitative information contained in corporate annual reports is richer than previously found. Both positive and negative sentiments are informative when measured accurately, but they do not have symmetric implications, suggesting that a net sentiment measure advocated by prior studies would be less informative. (JEL C81, D83, G10, G14, G30, M41)
Credit Shocks and Equilibrium Dynamics in Consumer Durable Goods Markets
Authors: Gavazza Alessandro , Lanteri Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article studies equilibrium dynamics in consumer durable goods markets after aggregate credit shocks. We introduce two novel features into a general-equilibrium model of durable consumption with heterogeneous households facing idiosyncratic income risk and borrowing constraints: (1) indivisible durable goods are vertically differentiated in their quality and (2) trade on secondary markets at market-clearing prices, with households endogenously choosing when to trade or scrap their durables. The model highlights a new transmission mechanism for macroeconomic shocks and successfully matches several empirical patterns that we document using data on U.S. car markets around the Great Recession. After a tightening of the borrowing limit, debt-constrained households postpone the decision to scrap and upgrade their low-quality cars, which depresses mid-quality car prices. In turn, this effect reduces wealthy households’ incentives to replace their mid-quality cars with high-quality ones, thereby decreasing new-car sales. We further use our framework to evaluate targeted fiscal stimulus policies such as the Car Allowance Rebate System in 2009 (“Cash for Clunkers”).
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have impaired long-term outcomes after myocardial infarction: a nationwide case-control registry study
Authors: Palomäki Antti , Kerola Anne M , Malmberg Markus , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with RA after myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods
All-comer, real-life MI patients with RA (n = 1614, mean age 74 years) were retrospectively compared with propensity score (1:5) matched MI patients without RA (n = 8070) in a multicentre, nationwide, cohort register study in Finland. The impact of RA duration and the usage of corticosteroids and antirheumatic drugs on RA patients’ outcomes were also studied. The median follow-up was 7.3 years.

Results
RA was associated with an increased 14-year mortality risk after MI compared with patients without RA [80.4% vs 72.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.25; CI: 1.16, 1.35; P &lt;0.0001]. Patients with RA were at higher risk of new MI (HR 1.22; CI: 1.09, 1.36; P =0.0001) and revascularization (HR 1.28; CI: 1.10, 1.49; P =0.002) after discharge from index MI. Cumulative stroke rate after MI did not differ between RA and non-RA patients (P =0.322). RA duration and corticosteroid usage before MI, but not use of methotrexate or biologic antirheumatic drugs, were independently associated with higher mortality (P &lt;0.001) and new MI (P =0.009). A higher dosage of corticosteroids prior to MI was independently associated with higher long-term mortality (P =0.002) and methotrexate usage with lower stroke rate (P =0.034). Serological status of RA was not associated with outcomes.

Conclusion
RA is independently associated with poorer prognosis after MI. RA duration and corticosteroid usage and dosage were independent predictors of mortality after MI in RA. Special attention is needed for improvement of outcomes after MI in this vulnerable population.
Integrative Analyses Followed by Functional Characterization Reveal TMEM180 as a Schizophrenia Risk Gene
Authors: Wang Jun-Yang , Li Xiao-Yan , Li Hui-Juan , Liu Jie-Wei , Yao Yong-Gang , Li Ming , Xiao Xiao , Luo Xiong-Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent large-scale integrative analyses (including Transcriptome-Wide Association Study [TWAS] and Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization [SMR]) have identified multiple genes whose cis-regulated expression changes may confer risk of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data and genome-wide associations used for integrative analyses were mainly from populations of European ancestry, resulting in potential missing of pivotal biological insights in other continental populations due to population heterogeneity. Here we conducted TWAS and SMR integrative analyses using blood eQTL (from 162 subjects) and GWAS data (22 778 cases and 35 362 controls) of schizophrenia in East Asian (EAS) populations. Both TWAS (P = 2.89 × 10–14) and SMR (P = 6.04 × 10–5) analyses showed that decreased TMEM180 mRNA expression was significantly associated with risk of schizophrenia. We further found that TMEM180 was significantly down-regulated in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia cases compared with controls (P = 8.63 × 10–4 in EAS sample), and its expression was also significantly lower in the brain tissues of schizophrenia cases compared with controls (P = 1.87 × 10–5 in European sample from PsychENCODE). Functional explorations suggested that Tmem180 knockdown affected neurodevelopment, ie, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. RNA sequencing showed that pathways regulated by Tmem180 were significantly enriched in brain development and synaptic transmission. In conclusion, our study provides convergent lines of evidence for the involvement of TMEM180 in schizophrenia, and highlights the potential and importance of resource integration and sharing at this big data era in bio-medical research.
Prospective examination of adolescent sleep patterns and behaviors before and during COVID-19
Authors: Becker Stephen P , Dvorsky Melissa R , Breaux Rosanna , Cusick Caroline N , Taylor Katherine P , Langberg Joshua M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo prospectively examine changes in adolescent sleep before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with and without ADHD.MethodsParticipants were 122 adolescents (ages 15–17; 61% male; 48% with ADHD). Parents reported on adolescents’ sleep duration and difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS); adolescents reported on sleep patterns, sleep duration, delayed sleep/wake behaviors, and daytime sleepiness before (September 2019 to February 2020) and during (May–June 2020) COVID-19. Adolescents also reported on their health behaviors, COVID-19-related negative affect, and difficulties concentrating due to COVID-19.ResultsParents reported adolescents had more DIMS during COVID-19 than before COVID-19, with clinically elevated rates increasing from 24% to 36%. Both bedtimes and waketimes shifted later during COVID-19, and adolescents reported more delayed sleep/wake behaviors. Adolescents also reported less daytime sleepiness and longer school night sleep duration during COVID-19. In considering differences between adolescents with and without ADHD, adolescents with ADHD did not experience an increase in school night sleep duration and were less likely to obtain recommended sleep duration during COVID-19. In the full sample, controlling for ADHD status, COVID-19-related sadness/loneliness was associated with increases in DIMS, and spending less time outside and more COVID-19-related worries/fears were associated with increases in delayed sleep/wake behaviors during COVID-19.ConclusionsCOVID-19 had negative and positive impacts on adolescent sleep. Adolescents with ADHD did not experience the benefit of increased school night sleep duration during COVID-19 like adolescents without ADHD. Negative affect and health behaviors may be useful intervention targets for reducing negative impacts of COVID-19 for adolescent sleep.
Low-Level Metal Contamination and Chelation in Cardiovascular Disease—A Ripe Area for Toxicology Research
Authors: Ujueta Francisco , Navas-Acien Ana , Mann Koren K , Prashad Rakesh , Lamas Gervasio A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of cardiovascular prevention, there is residual risk not explicable by traditional risk factors. Metal contamination even at levels previously considered safe in humans may be a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis. This review examines evidence that 2 metals, lead, and cadmium, demonstrate sufficient toxicological and epidemiologic evidence to attribute causality for atherosclerotic disease. Basic science suggests that both metals have profound adverse effects on the human cardiovascular system, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, an increase in inflammatory markers, and reactive oxygen species, all of which are proatherosclerotic. Epidemiological studies have shown both metals to have an association with cardiovascular disease, such as peripheral arterial disease, ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality. This review also examines edetate disodium-based chelation as a possible pharmacotherapy to reduce metal burden in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and thus potentially reduce cardiovascular events.
Trust in Hospital Physicians Among Patients With Substance Use Disorder Referred to an Addiction Consult Service: A Mixed-methods Study
Authors: King Caroline , Collins Devin , Patten Alisa , Nicolaidis Christina , Englander Honora 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Trust is essential in patient-physician relationships. Hospitalized patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) often experience stigma and trauma in the hospital, which can impede trust. Little research has explored the role of hospital-based addictions care in creating trusting relationships with patients with SUDs. This study describes how trust in physicians changed among hospitalized people with SUDs who were seen by an interprofessional addiction medicine service.

Methods:
We analyzed data from hospitalized patients with SUD seen by an addiction consult service from 2015 to 2018. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 30 to 90 days after hospital discharge. Follow-up assessments included open-ended questions exploring participant experiences with hospitalization and the addiction consult service. We measured provider trust using the Wake Forest Trust scale. We modeled trust trajectories using discrete mixture modeling, and sampled qualitative interviews from those trust trajectories.

Results:
Of 328 participants with SUD who had prior hospitalizations but had not previously been seen by an addiction consult service, 196 (59.8%) had both baseline and follow-up trust scores. We identified 3 groups of patients: Persistent-Low Trust, Increasing Trust, and Persistent-High Trust and 4 qualitative themes around in-hospital trust: humanizing care, demonstrating addiction expertise, reliability, and granting agency.

Conclusions:
Most participants retained or increased to high trust levels after hospitalization with an addiction consult service. Addiction consult services can create environments where healthcare providers build trust with, and humanize care for, hospitalized patients with SUD, and can also mitigate power struggles that hospitalized patients with SUD frequently experience.
Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Li Jinlei , Dai Feng , Ona Ayala Kimberly E. , Zhou Bin , Schonberger Robert B. , Sharma Avijit 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:Adequate pain control after total hip arthroplasty is essential for patient satisfaction and surgical outcome.Methods:A retrospective study with before and after design was performed in 210 elective total hip arthroplasty patients. The control group (N=132) received spinal anesthesia with periarticular injection (PAI) and the treatment group (N=78) received transmuscular quadratus lumborum block and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block in addition to spinal anesthesia and PAI. The primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS) pain score on postoperative day (POD) 1, and secondary outcomes included VAS and opioid consumption on each POD, hospitalization cost, length of stay, and discharge acuity.Results:The mean VAS and opioid consumption (MME) were significantly lower in the treatment group than that in the control group on POD 1, with VAS difference −1.10 (95% confidence interval, −1.64 to −0.55), false discover rate corrected (P<0.001), and MME difference −26.19 (95% confidence interval, −39.16 to −13.23,P<0.001). A significant difference was also found for both VAS (P=0.007) and opioid consumption (P=0.018) on POD 2 and for opioid consumption on POD 3 (P=0.008). Length of stay (days) in the control group versus the treatment group was 2.50±1.38 versus 1.36±0.95 (P=0.002), and the total cost of hospitalization was over 20% higher in the control group than that in the treatment group (P=0.002).Discussion:The addition of transmuscular quadratus lumborum and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block in total hip arthroplasty provides improved analgesia indicated by lower pain scores and opioid reduction and accelerated recovery with shorter hospitalization and decreased hospitalization cost.
Balanced Opioid-free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine versus Balanced Anesthesia with Remifentanil for Major or Intermediate Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Beloeil Helene , Garot Matthias , Lebuffe Gilles , Gerbaud Alexandre , Bila Julien , Cuvillon Philippe , Dubout Elisabeth , Oger Sebastien , Nadaud Julien , Becret Antoine , Coullier Nicolas , Lecoeur Sylvain , Fayon Julie , Godet Thomas , Mazerolles Michel , Atallah Fouad , Sigaut Stephanie , Choinier Pierre-Marie , Asehnoune Karim , Roquilly Antoine , Chanques Gerald , Esvan Maxime , Futier Emmanuel , Laviolle Bruno ,   POFA Study Group,   SFAR Research Network
Published: February 2021

Background
It is speculated that opioid-free anesthesia may provide adequate pain control while reducing postoperative opioid consumption. However, there is currently no evidence to support the speculation. The authors hypothesized that opioid-free balanced anesthetic with dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative opioid-related adverse events compared with balanced anesthetic with remifentanil.

Methods
Patients were randomized to receive a standard balanced anesthetic with either intraoperative remifentanil plus morphine (remifentanil group) or dexmedetomidine (opioid-free group). All patients received intraoperative propofol, desflurane, dexamethasone, lidocaine infusion, ketamine infusion, neuromuscular blockade, and postoperative lidocaine infusion, paracetamol, nefopam, and patient-controlled morphine. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative opioid-related adverse events (hypoxemia, ileus, or cognitive dysfunction) within the first 48 h after extubation. The main secondary outcomes were episodes of postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Results
The study was stopped prematurely because of five cases of severe bradycardia in the dexmedetomidine group. The primary composite outcome occurred in 122 of 156 (78%) dexmedetomidine group patients compared with 105 of 156 (67%) in the remifentanil group (relative risk, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33; P = 0.031). Hypoxemia occurred 110 of 152 (72%) of dexmedetomidine group and 94 of 155 (61%) of remifentanil group patients (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.40; P = 0.030). There were no differences in ileus or cognitive dysfunction. Cumulative 0 to 48 h postoperative morphine consumption (11 mg [5 to 21] versus 6 mg [0 to 17]) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (58 of 157 [37%] versus 37 of 157 [24%]; relative risk, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.90) were both less in the dexmedetomidine group, whereas measures of analgesia were similar in both groups. Dexmedetomidine patients had more delayed extubation and prolonged postanesthesia care unit stay.

Conclusions
This trial refuted the hypothesis that balanced opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, compared with remifentanil, would result in fewer postoperative opioid-related adverse events. Conversely, it did result in a greater incidence of serious adverse events, especially hypoxemia and bradycardia.

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Comparison of Bone-Conducted Cervical VEMPs Elicited by B71 and B81 Bone Vibrators
Authors: Romero Daniel J. , Piker Erin G. , Thorne Andrew , Clinard Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
A variety of stimulus delivery methods can elicit vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). The current study compared bone conduction (BC) cervical VEMPs (cVEMPs) across two different clinical bone vibrators. It was hypothesized that the B81 transducer would be more effective for producing larger BC-cVEMP peak to peak amplitudes due to its low-frequency advantages in pure-tone audiometry applications.

Design:
Twenty young adults under the age of 40 years with no reported history of hearing or balance disorders participated in the study. BC cVEMPs were elicited using two clinical bone transducers: the Radioear B71 bone vibrator and the Radioear B81 bone vibrator. Both transducers were calibrated using the acoustic method of calibration before data collection, and the linear dynamic range of the transducers was determined. Participants were asked to sit and match a fixed electromyography (EMG) target level of 100 µV, while BC cVEMPs were recorded using stimulus frequencies of 250, 500, and 750 Hz.

Results:
Statistically significant differences in raw amplitude at 250 and 750 Hz between the B71 and B81 were observed; the B71 produced larger peak to peak amplitudes over the B81. At 500 Hz, larger amplitudes were observed with the B71, but results were not statistically significant. The B71 produced significantly lower cVEMP thresholds at all three frequencies. Across both transducers, 500 Hz produced the largest peak to peak amplitude compared with 250 and 750 Hz. Peak to peak amplitude did not increase above 55 dB nHL for 250 and 500 Hz, but amplitude continued to increase at 750 Hz.

Discussion:
The present study found statistically significant differences in BC-cVEMP amplitude and threshold between the B71 and B81, but results were not what we hypothesized. In general, the B71 elicited larger BC-cVEMP amplitudes and lower thresholds compared with the B81. Additionally, 500 Hz was found to be the best frequency for both BC transducers, contrasting previous studies suggesting lower frequencies yield larger BC-cVEMP amplitudes. It is possible that these average differences could also be clinically significant when looking at individual amplitude differences. Larger peak to peak amplitudes at 500 Hz may be partially due to the underlying physical levels used in the current study, as well as the output spectra of the transducers, and may explain the larger response amplitudes observed at 500 Hz compared with 250 Hz.