bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma stratified by albumin–bilirubin grade
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Osawa Leona , Hayakawa Yuka , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Asano Daisuke , Irie Takumi , Kawachi Yasuyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. However, the characteristics and prognosis of ICC is not well known. This study aims to reveal the relationship between liver function and prognosis of ICC.MethodsA total of 83 ICC patients were recruited retrospectively from March 2009 to August 2020. Child–Pugh (CP) and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) scores were used to assess liver function. The extent of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) was classified from Vp0 to Vp4. The end‐point for this analysis was overall survival (OS).ResultsThe median age was 72 (44–88) years, 48 patients were male (57.8%), and 70 patients were classified as CP grade A (84.3%). At baseline, chronic liver disease (hepatitis B, 9.6%; hepatitis C, 15.7%; alcoholic liver disease, 9.6%; and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 4.8%) were diagnosed. The median OS of all ICC patients was 21.2 months. A total of 27 patients underwent surgical resection; these patients showed a longer median OS compared to those who did not undergo surgery (50.8 months vs. 5.5 months, p < 0.001). The prognosis of patients with ICC can be stratified by ALBI grade (grade 1, 54.3 months; grade 2a, 8.4 months; grade 2b, 3.9 months; and grade 3, 1.4 months; p < 0.001) and the extent of PVTT (Vp0, 54.3 months; Vp1/2, 8.4 months; and Vp3/4, 3.9 months; p = 0.0039).ConclusionIn this study, viral hepatitis (25.3%) was identified as the most prevalent background liver disease of ICC. Assessing liver function using ALBI grade is useful for stratifying the prognosis of patients with ICC.
Sharing administrative health data with private industry: A report on two citizens' juries
Authors: Street Jackie , Fabrianesi Belinda , Adams Carolyn , Flack Felicity , Smith Merran , Carter Stacy M. , Lybrand Sean , Brown Anthony , Joyner Serena , Mullan Judy , Lago Luise , Carolan Lucy , Irvine Katie , Wales Coralie , Braunack‐Mayer Annette J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is good evidence of both community support for sharing public sector administrative health data in the public interest and concern about data security, misuse and loss of control over health information, particularly if private sector organizations are the data recipients. To date, there is little research describing the perspectives of informed community members on private sector use of public health data and, particularly, on the conditions under which that use might be justified.MethodsTwo citizens' juries were held in February 2020 in two locations close to Sydney, Australia. Jurors considered the charge: ‘Under what circumstances is it permissible for governments to share health data with private industry for research and development?’ResultsAll jurors, bar one, in principle supported sharing government administrative health data with private industry for research and development. The support was conditional and the juries' recommendations specifying these conditions related closely to the concerns they identified in deliberation.ConclusionThe outcomes of the deliberative processes suggest that informed Australian citizens are willing to accept sharing their administrative health data, including with private industry, providing the intended purpose is clearly of public benefit, sharing occurs responsibly in a framework of accountability, and the data are securely held.Patient and Public ContributionThe design of the jury was guided by an Advisory Group including representatives from a health consumer organization. The jurors themselves were selected to be descriptively representative of their communities and with independent facilitation wrote the recommendations.
Business as unusual: medical oncology services adapt and deliver during COVID‐19
Authors: Travers Avraham , Adler Kim , Blanchard Gillian , Bonaventura Tony , Charlton Julie , Day Fiona , Healey Laura , Kim Sang , Lombard Janine , Mallesara Girish , Mandaliya Hiren , Navani Vishal , Nordman Ina , Paterson Robin , Plowman Louise , Quah Gaik Tin , Scalley Michael , Shrestha Prajwol , Tailor Bharti , van der Westhuizen Andre , Zhang Betty , Gedye Craig , Lynam James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged cancer care globally, introducing resource limitations and competing risks into clinical practice.AimsTo describe the COVID‐19 impact on medical oncology care provision in an Australian setting.MethodsCalvary Mater Newcastle and Newcastle Private Hospital medical oncology data from 1 February to 31 April 2019 versus 2020 were retrospectively analysed.ResultsThree hundred and sixty‐four inpatient admissions occurred in 2020, 21% less than in 2019. Total inpatient days decreased by 22% (2842 vs 2203). April was most impacted (36% and 44% fewer admissions and inpatient days respectively). Mean length of stay remained unchanged (6.4 vs 6.2 days, P = 0.7). In all, 5072 outpatient consultations were conducted, including 417 new‐patient consultations (4% and 6% increase on 2019 respectively). Telephone consultations (0 vs 1380) replaced one‐quarter of face‐to‐face consultations (4859 vs 3623, −25%), with minimal telehealth use (6 vs 69). Day Treatment Centre encounters remained stable (3751 vs 3444, −8%). The proportion of new patients planned for palliative treatment decreased (35% vs 28%, P = 0.04), observation increased (16% vs 23%, P = 0.04) and curative intent treatment was unchanged (both 41%). Recruiting clinical trials decreased by one‐third (45 vs 30), two trials were activated (vs 5 in 2019) and 45% fewer patients consented to trial participation (62 vs 34).ConclusionOur medical oncology teams adapted rapidly to COVID‐19 with significant changes to care provision, including fewer hospital admissions, a notable transition to telephone‐based outpatient clinics and reduced clinical trial activity. The continuum of care was largely defended despite pandemic considerations and growing service volumes.
Hyperferritinaemia and iron overload in Asian patients: lessons from an Australian tertiary centre experience
Authors: Con Danny , Nicoll Amanda J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIron overload is described in Asian patients but presents with a different phenotype and genotype compared to Caucasian patients. We retrospectively identified 64 Asian patients and compared them to 64 matched non‐Asian patients with at least one episode of serum ferritin >500 μg/L. Of the Asian patients, one (1.6%) had proven iron overload, while other common causes of hyperferritinaemia included recent blood transfusion (47%), acute infection (11%) and haematological malignancy (8%). A greater proportion of non‐Asian patients had hyperferritinaemia secondary to high alcohol intake. Iron overload is rare in Asians and unexplained hyperferritinaemia in Asian patients is more likely to be due to other factors.
Research trends in combinatorial optimization
Authors: Weinand Jann Michael , Sörensen Kenneth , San Segundo Pablo , Kleinebrahm Max , McKenna Russell 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReal‐world problems are becoming highly complex and therefore have to be solved with combinatorial optimization (CO) techniques. Motivated by the strong increase in publications on CO, 8393 articles from this research field are subjected to a bibliometric analysis. The corpus of literature is examined using mathematical methods and a novel algorithm for keyword analysis. In addition to the most relevant countries, organizations, and authors as well as their collaborations, the most pertinent CO problems, solution methods, and application areas are presented. Publications on CO focus mainly on the development or enhancement of metaheuristics like genetic algorithms. The increasingly problem‐oriented studies deal particularly with real‐world applications within the energy sector, production sector, or data management, which are of increasing relevance due to various global developments. The demonstration of global research trends in CO can support researchers in identifying the relevant issues regarding this expanding and transforming research area.
Mitigating the impact of the ‘silos’ between the disability and aged‐care sectors in Australia: Development of a Best Practice Framework
Authors: Hussain Rafat , Parmenter Trevor , Wark Stuart , Janicki Matthew , Knox Marie , Hayhoe Nicola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a ‘person‐centred focus’ is a legislated objective for both aged‐care and disability services sectors in Australia, evidence suggests limited translation into systems and practices due to entrenched silos. This paper proposes a Best Practice Framework to mitigate these silos.MethodsMixed‐methods research comprising key informant interviews with major stakeholders across both sectors; a survey of people with/without intellectual disability aged 60+ years; qualitative in‐depth interviews; and survey of health professionals.ResultsThere is an urgent need to develop inter‐sectoral ‘integrated care systems’. Key components include choice in accommodation; regular assessment of health and well‐being indicators; development and adoption of nationally consistent policies/standards across integrated aged‐ and disability‐care sectors; improved strategies for workforce planning; and upskilling of existing staff including place‐based collaboration.ConclusionsAn integrated service model requires collaboration on broader public policy instruments, appropriate planning and resourcing. A strategic shift is required to ensure better quality person‐centred support systems.
Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among non‐medical skin care professionals: A narrative review of cross‐sectional and interventional studies
Authors: Pearlman Ross L. , Wilkerson Amanda H. , Ferris Taylor S. , Griffin David B. , Cobb Emily K. , McCowan Hannah K. , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Leo Jonathan T. , Melton Sheree C. , Nahar Vinayak K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancers are the most common malignancies in the United States. Total body skin examination by a physician, especially a dermatologist, is the gold standard for detecting suspicious lesions that may require further evaluation. Non‐medical professionals (NMPs) including massage therapists, estheticians, hairdressers, and cosmetologists have the unique opportunity to frequently examine their client's skin outside of a clinical setting. By evaluating their knowledge of and comfort with evaluation of suspicious lesions, multiple studies have gauged the utility of patient encounters with NMPs for skin cancer detection. Several studies have also focused on assessment of intervention strategies for assessing and improving NMPs ability to detect suspicious lesions and to refer for physician evaluation when necessary.AimsTo conduct a narrative review of skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among NMPs.Patients/MethodsA systematic search of the databases yielded 16 studies for review. A total of 8 cross‐sectional studies examined the knowledge and attitudes of NMPs toward skin evaluation, and 8 studies assessed interventional strategies for improving NMPs’ ability to assess skin lesions for consideration of physician referral.ResultsThis review finds that NMPs are open to the idea of examining the exposed body surfaces relevant to their work with clients and are willing to refer for physician evaluation when needed. Multiple interventional strategies have demonstrated success with educating NMPs on the importance of skin surveillance and the characteristic physical examination findings associated with skin cancers.ConclusionStrengthening the readiness of NMPs to examine their client's skin offers an opportunity to reduce time to skin cancer diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and lower healthcare‐associated costs of skin cancer treatment.
Emotion: The forgotten component of legal socialization
Authors: Cole Lindsey M. , Kelley Donovan C. , Hennigan Paul J. , Rebellon Cesar J. , Van Gundy Karen T. , Cohn Ellen S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLegal socialization researchers have largely ignored the importance of emotion in the legal socialization process and engagement in crime. The purpose of the current study was to argue the potential importance of moral emotions (e.g., guilt) in legal socialization and take a preliminary step to integrate an emotion component into an existing model. The current study investigated whether the moral emotion of guilt, using both proneness and anticipatory measures, would predict rule‐violating behavior (RVB) as part of the integrated cognitive legal socialization model. The study used survey data from 474 participants who were part of a longitudinal study of adolescent rule‐violating behavior. Results showed that guilt proneness functioned as a predictor of RVB in parallel with legal reasoning, while anticipatory guilt served as a mediator in parallel with normative attitude mediators. Enforcement status (i.e., feeling people should be punished for committing RVB) mediated the relation between guilt proneness and RVB, while normative status (i.e., approval for engaging in RVB) and anticipatory guilt mediated the relation between legal reasoning and RVB. These findings help to advance legal socialization by demonstrating the unique contribution of emotion in legal socialization theory and provide a foundation for future research in this area. The implications for the role of emotion in both the integrated cognitive legal socialization model and the procedural justice legal socialization model and future directions for further inquiry are discussed.
The aging general surgeon of rural America
Authors: Shelton Jarod , MacDowell Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeNonmetropolitan communities are faced with health care professional shortages and prior reports suggest that general surgeons are no exception. The purpose of this brief is to evaluate the age difference and distribution of rural versus urban general surgeons to highlight the growing need to recruit medical students and residents for rural practice.MethodsA secondary data analysis of residency graduated general surgeon demographics at the county level was performed using data from the Area Health Resource File. General surgeon demographic data were compared between nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas.FindingsThe number of general surgeons practicing in rural communities is decreasing by a rate of approximately 0.5%‐1.0% annually. Moreover, the entry of younger (<35 years of age) general surgeons into rural counties (8.7%) was less than urban regions (12.1%). Rural general surgeons tended to be older than their urban peers, and on average, rural general surgeon age exhibits a negative skewed, platykurtic distribution.ConclusionsImmediate action must be taken to generate more surgeons for rural practice. A failure to increase recruitment and retention of rural surgeons may have severe consequences on the health status of rural communities.
Relation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and neurological symptoms, nerve conduction study results, and motor unit number estimation
Authors: Gabr Reem M , El Salmawy Dina A , Basheer Mye A , khairy Marwa , Elkholy Saly H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiver cirrhosis is a global health problem that can be associated with several neurological manifestations. We aimed to assessment of the relation between the severity of the liver cirrhosis and the neurological symptoms, nerve conduction studies (NCS), as well as detecting subclinical neuropathic affection using motor unit number estimation (MUNE) technique. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 56 cirrhotic patients and 61 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Neurological manifestations, Child‐Pugh classification, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, NCS and MUNE using a modified spike‐triggered averaging technique were studied. Forty‐five (80.3%) of the cirrhotic patients had neurological manifestations. Muscle cramps were the most frequently reported manifestation, followed by fatigue and then numbness. NCS abnormality was significantly related to the presence of neurological symptoms (p < 0.001) and not only to peripheral numbness. Only fatigue was significantly related to the lower MUNE values (p < 0.017). Child‐Pugh classification progression was significantly related to the presence of fatigue and abnormal NCS results (p < 0.001); no similar relation was detected between the Child‐Pugh classification and the MUNE value (p = 0.103). Higher MELD scores were significantly related to NCS abnormalities (p = 0.014) and negatively correlated, although not significantly, with the MUNE values (r = −0.246 and p = 0.067). The progression of liver cirrhosis was related to the presence of neurological manifestations and nerve conduction abnormalities. Nerve conduction abnormalities may be present even in the absence of clinical numbness. A decline in motor unit number could explain the pathophysiology of fatigue in cirrhotic patients.
Bronchial angiogenesis in horses with severe asthma and its response to corticosteroids
Authors: Millares‐Ramirez Esther M. , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere asthma in horses is characterized by structural changes that thicken the lower airway wall, a change that is only partially reversible by current treatments. Increased vascularization contributes to the thickening of the bronchial wall in humans with asthma and is considered a potential new therapeutic target.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of angiogenesis in the bronchi of severely asthmatic horses, and if present, to evaluate its reversibility by treatment with corticosteroids.AnimalsStudy 1: Bronchial samples from asthmatic horses in exacerbation (7), in remission (7), and aged‐matched healthy horses. Study 2: Endobronchial biopsy samples from asthmatic horses in exacerbation (6) and healthy horses (6) before and after treatment with dexamethasone.MethodsBlinded, randomized controlled study. Immunohistochemistry was performed using collagen IV as a marker for vascular basement membranes. Number of vessels, vascular area, and mean vessel size in the bronchial lamina propria were measured by histomorphometry. Reversibility of vascular changes in Study 2 was assessed after 2 weeks of treatment with dexamethasone.ResultsThe number of vessels and vascular area were increased in the airway walls of asthmatic horses in exacerbation (P = .01 andP = .02, respectively) and in remission (P = .02 andP = .04, respectively) when compared to controls. In Study 2, the differences observed between groups disappeared after 2 weeks of treatment with corticosteroids because of the increased number of vessels in healthy horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAngiogenesis contributes to thickening of the airway wall in asthmatic horses and was not reversed by a 2‐week treatment with corticosteroids.
Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in a dog with systemic Mycoleptodiscus indicus infection
Authors: Crespo‐Szabo Sara M. , Stafford Jennifer R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of a dog with systemic Mycoleptodiscus indicus infection.Case SummaryA 5‐year‐old male neutered Giant Schnauzer presented with left eye anterior uveitis, peripheral lymphadenopathy, hyperglobulinemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of M. indicus infection was made based on histopathology and PCR. Treatment with itraconazole and terbinafine resulted in resolution of the hyperglobulinemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and peripheral lymphadenopathy. No evidence of fungal organisms was identified on lymph node, liver, or ocular histopathology after 7 months of treatment.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case is the first report of a systemic M. indicus infection in an apparently immunocompetent dog. Clinical resolution was achieved with systemic itraconazole and terbinafine.
TDP‐43 proteinopathy occurs independently of autophagic substrate accumulation and underlies nuclear defects in Niemann‐Pick C disease
Authors: Liu Elaine A. , Mori Erika , Hamasaki Fuko , Lieberman Andrew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsNeuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR‐DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) are a pathological hallmark of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, yet the processes that mediate their formation and their functional significance remain incompletely understood. Both dysfunction in autophagy and neuroinflammation have been linked to TDP‐43 mislocalisation. Here, we investigate TDP‐43 proteinopathy in Niemann‐Pick type C disease (NPC), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD) distinguished by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol within late endosomes and lysosomes. NPC is characterised by neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and multifocal disruption of the autophagy pathway.MethodsWe utilised immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical and gene expression studies to characterise TDP‐43 pathology and autophagic substrate accumulation in Npc1‐deficient mice.ResultsIn the NPC brain, cytoplasmic TDP‐43 mislocalisation was independent of autophagic substrate accumulation. These pathologies occurred in distinct neuronal subtypes, as brainstem cholinergic neurons were more susceptible to TDP‐43 mislocalisation, whereas glutamatergic neurons exhibited hallmarks of autophagic dysfunction. Furthermore, TDP‐43 mislocalisation did not co‐localise with markers of stress granules or progress to ubiquitinated aggregates over months in vivo, indicating a stable, early stage in the aggregation process. Neither microgliosis nor neuroinflammation were sufficient to drive TDP‐43 proteinopathy in the NPC brain. Notably, cytoplasmic TDP‐43 co‐localised with the nuclear import factor importin α, and TDP‐43 mislocalised neurons demonstrated nuclear membrane abnormalities and disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport.ConclusionOur findings highlight the relationship between LSDs and TDP‐43 proteinopathy, define its functional importance in NPC by triggering nuclear dysfunction, and expand the spectrum of TDP‐43 pathology in the diseased brain.
Objectively measured chronic disease risk among food pantry patrons
Authors: Greer Anna E. , Faber Marilyn , Smith Gina , Pendley Sofia , Kamdar Nipa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives and DesignThis cross‐sectional, observational study examined the prevalence of objectively measured chronic disease risk factors among a diverse group of food pantry patrons.Sample and MeasurementPublic health nurses performed biometric screenings in community settings for 1,685 unduplicated adults attending food pantries.ResultsOver three fourths of participants (81.1%) were overweight or obese. High cholesterol and high blood pressure were detected in 38.4% and 37.7% of participants, respectively. Over half (58%) of the participants were referred to a local community health clinic for follow‐up services.ConclusionInterventions should target food pantry patrons to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease conditions among this vulnerable population.