bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse actions of cord blood cell therapy for hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Sato Yoshiaki , Tsuji Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerinatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal death and permanent neurological deficits. However, effective treatments have not yet been established, except therapeutic hypothermia, which is not effective for severe HIE; therefore, developing a novel therapy for HIE is of the utmost importance. Stem cell therapy has recently been identified as a novel therapy for HIE. Among the various stem cell sources, ethical hurdles can be avoided by using stem cells that originate from non‐embryonic or non‐neural tissues, such as umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs), which are readily available and can be exploited for autologous transplantations. Human UCBs are a rich source of stem and progenitor cells. Many recent studies have reported the treatment effect of UCBCs. Additionally, phase I clinical trials have already been conducted, showing this therapy’s safety and feasibility. One advantage of stem cell therapies, including UCBC administration, is that they exert treatment effects through multifaceted mechanisms. According to the findings of several publications, replacement of lost cells, namely, engraftment and differentiation into neuronal cells, is not likely to be the main mechanism. However, the association between UCBCs and various mechanism of action, such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and anti‐inflammation, has been suggested in many studies, and most mechanisms are due to growth factors secreted from UCBCs. These diverse actions of UCBC treatment are expected to exert a substantial effect on HIE, which has a complex injury mechanism.
Neutrophils from patients with the cardiac clinical form of Chagas disease release less NETs than neutrophils from healthy individuals
Authors: Duarte de Almeida Valéria , da Câmara Eduardo B. L. , Castro Marcelo Augusto A. , Pimenta Suyane Maria P. , Hernandes Bruna Luiza T. , Paiva Dayane Carla C. , Andrade Cléber M. , do Nascimento Ellany G. C. , Fernandes Thales Allyrio A. M. , Andrade Micássio F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionChagas disease (CD) is a global health concern with approximately 12 000 deaths per year worldwide. In the chronic phase, about 30% of patients develop the cardiac clinical form, which presents symptoms associated with the presence of inflammatory cells in the cardiac tissue. Neutrophils are inflammatory cells able to modulate the chronic immune response against pathogens. These cells are capable of interacting with Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of CD, and perform several effector functions, such as NET release. However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the role of these cells in the disease.AimsTo investigate the release of NETs by neutrophils from CD patients by measuring the amount of DNA and elastase released.Methods and resultsMeasurement of DNA release by neutrophils from chronic CD patients presenting the indeterminate (IND group; n = 18) and cardiac (CARD group; n = 15) clinical forms and nonchagasic subjects (n = 18) stimulated with soluble antigen of T. cruzi was quantified using the Quant‐iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA assay kit. Patients from CARD group release less DNA (117.3 ± 21.85 ng/mL; *P = .0131) than neutrophils from control (177.7 ± 58.41 ng/mL). Elastase enzyme degranulation was measured using the substrate N‐methoxysuccinyl‐Ala‐Ala‐Pro‐Val p‐nitroanilide (SAAVNA). Absorbance values of elastase degranulation activity showed that only cells from healthy individuals presented a high release profile of elastase. Also, we found a negative correlation between DNA released concentration and risk of death (r = −.6574; *P = .0173); the lower the neutrophil DNA release from chagasic patients with cardiac event, the higher the risk of death.ConclusionThese preliminary data show that patients with the cardiac form of CD release less NETs than nonchagasic individuals, raising the possibility that lower release of NETs enhances risk of death in CD patients with cardiac events.
Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in Turkey reveals expansion and spread of dominant clonal lineages and virulence
Authors: Göre Mehmet E. , Altın Nedim , Myers Kevin , Cooke David E. L. , Fry William E. , Özer Göksel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLate blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is considered the most important and destructive disease of potato in Turkey. In this study, characterization of 367 isolates of P. infestans obtained from the potato‐growing areas of the country was carried out to evaluate the pathogen population structure over the 2017–2019 production seasons. The isolates were characterized by numerous features including mating type, in vitro mefenoxam sensitivity, simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and virulence against a set of potato differential lines. Most isolates were A2 mating type (353 isolates). Also, 68% of isolates were resistant to mefenoxam; the remainder were intermediate in their sensitivity and there were no sensitive isolates. SSR‐based genotypic analysis of P. infestans populations showed a low genetic diversity. The 13_A2 clonal lineage predominated with a frequency of 92.1%, followed by 34_A1 (3.3%) and 37_A2 (2.7%). Genotypes 34_A1 and 37_A2 were detected only in 2019. This is the first report of 34_A1 and 37_A2 clonal lineages causing late blight disease of potato in Turkey. The most abundant virulence type was one overcoming resistance genes R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, and R11. These results emphasized that the migration of individuals and the asexual generation of subclonal differences were the main factors driving the population structure of P. infestans in Turkey.
Taking context to heart: Momentary emotions, menstrual cycle phase, and cardiac autonomic regulation
Authors: Simon Shauna G. , Sloan Richard P. , Thayer Julian F. , Jamner Larry D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmotions have long been discussed in conjunction with the autonomic nervous system. Most research on emotion‐autonomic linkages does not consider sex differences or an evident underlying mechanism for sex differences: menstrual cycle phase. Further, most research is limited to cross‐sectional and laboratory studies. The degree to which emotion‐autonomic associations manifest in everyday life may be different and may vary by sex and, for women, by menstrual cycle phase. This study employs the ambulatory monitoring of cardiovascular measures (e.g., heart rate and heart rate variability; HRV) and concurrent emotional states (e.g., sadness, stress, anxiety, anger, and happiness) in everyday life to better characterize emotion‐autonomic associations as a function of sex and menstrual cycle phase. Participants (N = 174; 87 female) ages 18 to 46 (31.23 ± 6.49) were monitored over a 5‐day observation period (one 2‐ and one 3‐day session), using an ambulatory 24‐hour electrocardiogram to monitor heart rate and ecological momentary assessment to record emotions every ~30 min. Women were monitored in both the early to mid‐follicular and ‐luteal phases and men in two comparably distanced sessions. Multilevel models indicated that across sex, negative emotions and happiness were associated with elevated heart rate. Relative to men, women exhibited an elevated heart rate and reduced HRV during reports of anger. For women, during the luteal phase, but not follicular phase, momentary sadness, stress, and anxiety predicted increased heart rate and reduced HRV. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering sex and menstrual cycle phase in research investigating emotion‐autonomic linkages.
Bifurcations of thresholds in essential spectra of elliptic operators under localized non‐Hermitian perturbations
Authors: Borisov D. I. , Zezyulin D. A. , Znojil M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider the operator
urn:x-wiley:00222526:media:sapm12367:sapm12367-math-0001subject to the Dirichlet or Robin condition, where a domain is bounded or unbounded. The symbol stands for a second‐order self‐adjoint differential operator on such that the spectrum of the operator contains several discrete eigenvalues , . These eigenvalues are thresholds in the essential spectrum of the operator . We study how these thresholds bifurcate once we add a small localized perturbation to the operator , where is a small positive parameter and is an abstract, not necessarily symmetric operator. We show that these thresholds bifurcate into eigenvalues and resonances of the operator in the vicinity of for sufficiently small . We prove effective simple conditions determining the existence of these resonances and eigenvalues and find the leading terms of their asymptotic expansions. Our analysis applies to generic nonself‐adjoint perturbations and, in particular, to perturbations characterized by the parity‐time () symmetry. Potential applications of our result embrace a broad class of physical systems governed by dispersive or diffractive effects. As a case example, we employ our findings to develop a scheme for a controllable generation of non‐Hermitian optical states with normalizable power and real part of the complex‐valued propagation constant lying in the continuum. The corresponding eigenfunctions can be interpreted as an optical generalization of bound states embedded in the continuum. For a particular example, the persistence of asymptotic expansions is confirmed with direct numerical evaluation of the perturbed spectrum .
The depositional signature of high‐aggradation chute‐and‐pool bedforms: The build‐and‐fill structure
Authors: Slootman Arnoud , Vellinga Age J. , Moscariello Andrea , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChutes‐and‐pools are hybrid bedforms that occur in upper‐flow‐regime conditions, populating the stability field between antidunes and cyclic steps. Chutes‐and‐pools consist of a superimposition of a train of antidunes on a longer‐wavelength cyclic‐step instability. The presence of a hydraulic jump is more persistent in chutes‐and‐pools than the bores occasionally seen on breaking‐wave antidunes, yet not permanent as over cyclic‐step bedforms. The nature of chute‐and‐pool structures preserved in the depositional record is controlled largely by aggradation rate. This paper documents chute‐and‐pool structures generated beneath highly aggradational sediment density‐flows at the subaqueous toe‐of‐slope of a Pleistocene carbonate wedge. Quarry exposures enable the morphodynamic reconstruction of the sediment‐bed configuration that produced the identified structures. Wave‐breaking on growing antidunes occurred without the destruction of the antidune, which deviates from observations in low‐aggradation subaerial open‐channel flows. The antidune build‐up was followed by hydraulic jump controlled deposition in the antidune trough. Two‐dimensional depth‐resolved numerical simulations have been used to validate this process interpretation. The term aggradational chutes‐and‐pools is proposed for these bedforms, associated with the formation of build‐and‐fill structures consisting of interstratified convex lenses (in‐phase wave regime) and concave lenses (hydraulic jump regime). Such structures contrast with the scour‐and‐fill structures produced by low‐aggradation chutes‐and‐pools frequently described from subaerial open‐channel‐flow deposits. This study demonstrates a potential difference in flow behaviour between open‐channel flows and density flows in the supercritical regime.
Targeted caspofungin prophylaxis for invasive aspergillosis in high‐risk liver transplant recipients, a single‐center experience
Authors: Chakravarti Arpita , Butler‐Laporte Guillaume , Carrier Francois Martin , Bilodeau Marc , Huard Genevieve , Corsilli Daniel , Savard Patrice , Luong Me‐Linh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is a rare but highly lethal complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Targeted antifungal prophylaxis has been proposed as a strategy to prevent IA among orthotopic liver transplant recipient (OLTr), but limited data are available to support its efficacy.MethodWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective, before and after cohort study, comparing IA incidences among OLTr who did not receive antifungal prophylaxis after transplantation (cohort 1) to OLTr who received targeted antifungal prophylaxis after liver transplantation (cohort 2). Patients in cohort 2 received caspofungin prophylaxis if they presented one of the following risk factors: retransplantation, acute liver failure, dialysis, or Aspergillus colonization prior to transplantation. The primary outcome was IA at 90 days after transplantation.ResultsA total of 391 OLTr were included in the study; 181 patients in the cohort 1 (no prophylaxis) and 210 patients in the cohort 2 (targeted prophylaxis). Among patients in cohort 2, 19% (40/ 210) were considered at high risk for IA and 85% (34/40) of those received caspofungin prophylaxis. The incidence of IA at 90 days was 3.3% (6/ 181) and 0.5% (1/ 210), in cohort 1 and 2, respectively (OR 0.14; 95%CI 0.01‐0.83; P = .03). Ninety‐day mortality was similar among the two cohorts (3.9% (7/181) and 2.4% (5/210) in cohort 1 and 2, respectively (OR 0.61; 95% 0.18‐1.93; P = .40)). The 90‐day mortality among the OLTs with IA was 71% (5/7).ConclusionTargeted caspofungin prophylaxis was associated with lower rate of IA.
Association between cytomegalovirus infection and allograft rejection in a large contemporary cohort of heart transplant recipients
Authors: Boutolleau David , Coutance Guillaume , Désiré Eva , Bouglé Adrien , Bréchot Nicolas , Leprince Pascal , Varnous Shaida 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a common complication after heart transplantation (HTx). The association between CMV infection and allograft rejection is debated in the era of efficient prophylactic antiviral therapies.MethodsThis single‐center cohort study utilized a highly phenotyped database of HTx recipients (2012‐2016). The primary endpoint was the analysis of the association between CMV infection (CMV load ≥ 500 IU/mL whole blood) and the risk of allograft rejection (cellular rejection ≥ 1R1B, antibody‐mediated rejection ≥ pAMR1). Secondary endpoints included the analysis of a higher CMV load threshold (≥10 000 IU/mL) and different risk periods after PCR positivity. A mixed‐effect logistic regression model with a random intercept was applied. Results were adjusted for important risk factors of rejection.ResultsOverall, 384 patients were included and 6388 CMV loads and 3,494 endomyocardial biopsies were analyzed. CMV infections ≥ 500 IU/mL were diagnosed on 1223 (19.2%) blood samples from 284 (72.1%) patients and allograft rejections on 246 biopsies (7%) from 149 patients (38.8%). We did not find any association between CMV infection ≥ 500 IU/mL and rejection (univariable: OR 0.94, 95% CI [0.61, 1.45], P = .78, multivariable: OR 0.86, 95% CI [0.55, 1.33], P = .85). These results were consistent when analyzing a higher CMV load threshold and different periods of risk, reinforced by internal validation procedures and a posteriori calculation of the power (primary endpoint: power = 0.82, 95% CI [0.79‐0.84]) and reproducible across different clinical scenarios.ConclusionsCMV infection was not associated with an increased risk of rejection in a contemporary cohort of HTx recipients.
Emb15 encodes a plastid ribosomal assembly factor essential for embryogenesis in maize
Authors: Xu Chunhui , Shen Yun , Li Cuiling , Lu Fan , Zhang Meng‐Di , Meeley Robert B. , McCarty Donald R. , Tan Bao‐Cai 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYRibosome assembly factors guide the complex process by which ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal RNAs form a functional ribosome. However, the assembly of plant plastid ribosomes is poorly understood. In the present study, we discovered a maize (Zea mays) plastid ribosome assembly factor based on our characterization of the embryo defective 15 (emb15) mutant. Loss of function of Emb15 retards embryo development at an early stage, but does not substantially affect the endosperm, and causes an albino phenotype in other genetic backgrounds. EMB15 localizes to plastids and possesses a ribosome maturation factor M (RimM) domain in the N‐terminus and a predicted UDP‐GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase domain in the C‐terminus. The EMB15 RimM domain originated in bacteria and the UDP‐GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase domain originated in fungi; these two domains came together in the ancestor of land plants during evolution. The N‐terminus of EMB15 complemented the growth defect of an Escherichia coli strain with a RimM deletion and rescued the albino phenotype of emb15 homozygous mutants. The RimM domain mediates the interaction between EMB15 and the plastid ribosomal protein PRPS19. Plastid 16S rRNA maturation is also significantly impaired in emb15. These observations suggest that EMB15 functions in maize seed development as a plastid ribosome assembly factor, and the C‐terminal domain is not important under normal conditions.
Emerging patterns in phylogenetic studies of trichomycterid catfishes (Teleostei, Siluriformes) and the contribution of Andean diversity
Authors: Fernandez Luis , Arroyave Jairo , Schaefer Scott A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsensus is emerging among studies using DNA sequence data addressing problems in the taxonomy and relationships of trichomycterid catfishes, a dominant component of the Neotropical freshwater ichthyofauna, that have heretofore eluded efforts based on morphological data alone. No previous studies using molecular data have included representatives of Hatcheria and Silvinichthys, and none have included dense representation of the diverse Andean species of Trichomycterus. This study assembled both available and novel comparative DNA sequence data inclusive of Hatcheria, Silvinichthys, and additional Trichomycterus species not represented in previous studies to form the most taxonomically comprehensive molecular dataset of the Trichomycterinae at the genus level to date. Our results confirm previous findings of strong support for a monophyletic subfamily Trichomycterinae while rejecting the monophyly of its most diverse genus, Trichomycterus. Our results do not corroborate Trichomycterinae split into two reciprocally monophyletic groups, and we show strong support for a sister‐group relationship between Eremophilus mutisii and Trichomycterus bogotensis that suggests some degree of evolutionary distinctiveness for this clade of Colombian‐endemic species. Within Trichomycterus, we uncovered a novel clade of central Andean species and reveal a close relationship among southern Andean taxa that included a non‐monophyletic Silvinichthys, Bullockia, Hatcheria, plus a number of Trichomycterus species. Our results are broadly congruent with recent studies that have uncovered rampant polyphyly within the genus Trichomycterus and provide emerging evidence, as a result of increased taxonomic representation, for geographically circumscribed subclades of Trichomycterus species. Nevertheless, the widespread low support and resolution at most basal nodes pose a considerable challenge in understanding major patterns of intergeneric relationships, which in turn hinders our efforts to shed critical light on the biogeographic history of the group.
Platelet releasate normalises the compromised muscle regeneration in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Barlow Joseph , Sfyri Pagona Panagiota , Mitchell Rob , Verpoorten Sandrine , Scully David , Andreou Charalampos , Papadopoulos Petros , Patel Ketan , Matsakas Antonios 
Published: January 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the impact of obesity‐independent hyperlipidaemia on skeletal muscle stem cell function of ApoE‐deficient (ApoE–/–) mice?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Compromised muscle stem cell function accounts for the impaired muscle regeneration in hyperlipidaemic ApoE–/– mice. Importantly, impaired muscle regeneration is normalised by administration of platelet releasate.

AbstractMuscle satellite cells are important stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration and repair after injury. ApoE‐deficient mice, an established mouse model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, show evidence of oxidative stress‐induced lesions and fat infiltration in skeletal muscle followed by impaired repair after injury. However, the mechanisms underpinning attenuated muscle regeneration remain to be fully defined. Key to addressing the latter is to understand the properties of muscle stem cells from ApoE‐deficient mice and their myogenic potential. Muscle stem cells from ApoE‐deficient mice were cultured both ex vivo (on single fibres) and in vitro (primary myoblasts) and their myogenic capacity was determined. Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied on days 5 and 10 after cardiotoxin injury. ApoE‐deficient muscle stem cells showed delayed activation and differentiation on single muscle fibres ex vivo. Impaired proliferation and differentiation profiles were also evident on isolated primary muscle stem cells in culture. ApoE‐deficient mice displayed impaired skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury in vivo. Administration of platelet releasate in ApoE‐deficient mice reversed the deficits of muscle regeneration after acute injury to wild‐type levels. These findings indicate that muscle stem cell myogenic potential is perturbed in skeletal muscle of a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. We propose that platelet releasate could be a therapeutic intervention for conditions with associated myopathy such as peripheral arterial disease.