bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of an intravascular ultrasound catheter with a micropiezoelectric motor internally installed
Authors: Zhang Junjian , Lu Shaowei , Liao Xinxin , Feng Zhihua 
Published: January 2021

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has become a useful tool in the detection of coronary artery disease. However, non-uniform rotation distortion (NURD) reduces the image quality. In order to suppress the influence of NURD, a piezoelectric motor that can meet the requirements of IVUS catheters has been proposed. The motor has a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 mm using the new polarization direction proposed in the paper. A 45° mirror is fixed on the top of the motor to reflect the ultrasound transmitted from the transducer. The manufacture and drive of the piezoelectric motor is simple, and the maximum speed of the piezoelectric motor can reach 6450 rpm under the voltage of 20Vp-p. The minimum power required by the rotating motor is only 0.038 W, which can be directly driven by the signal generator without a power amplifier. The motor can operate at a low voltage and still has a high and stable speed. Meanwhile, the speed of the motor is controllable and has a satisfactory stability with a maximum angular error of 8°. The images detected by the cooperation of the motor and the ultrasonic transducer are also shown, which indicates that the motor has the rotational stability that meets the imaging requirements and the potential for application in the IVUS catheter to help improve the image quality of the coronary arteries and prevent and help treat potential diseases.
Effects of management outweigh effects of plant diversity on restored animal communities in tallgrass prairies
Authors: Guiden Peter W. , Barber Nicholas A. , Blackburn Ryan , Farrell Anna , Fliginger Jessica , Hosler Sheryl C. , King Richard B. , Nelson Melissa , Rowland Erin G. , Savage Kirstie , Vanek John P. , Jones Holly P. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
“If you build it, they will come” is a commonly accepted principle of restoration ecology (the Field of Dreams hypothesis). This hypothesis, which frequently guides restoration practice, predicts that restoring plant biodiversity will lead to the recovery of animal biodiversity. However, this prediction is rarely tested because restoration studies measure plant or animal biodiversity, but rarely both. Four years of plant and animal biodiversity data collected from tallgrass prairies showed that restoration had strong effects on vertebrate and invertebrate biodiversity. Animal biodiversity was explained more by management practices than plant biodiversity, demonstrating important responses not captured by the Field of Dreams hypothesis. Where animals mediate key ecosystem functions, restoration planning will benefit from explicitly considering the responses of animal communities.
Identifying the coefficients of thermal expansion of an electronic device composed of various materials using the virtual fields method
Authors: Kanai Y , Arikawa S , Fujimoto Y , Takeo K , Zhang Y , Yoneyama S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A method for inverse determination of the coefficients of thermal expansion of an electronic device that is composed of multiple materials, i.e. dissimilar materials, is proposed. The virtual fields method is applied for obtaining the coefficients of thermal expansion. Appropriate virtual displacement fields have been automatically obtained instead of using any arbitrary virtual displacement. This leads to an accurate and effective determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Full-field displacement distributions measured by digital image correlation are used as input for the inverse analysis. The validity of the proposed method has been demonstrated by measuring samples made of various materials. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to samples simulating electronic devices with and without constraints on the boundary. Results show that the coefficients of thermal expansion of an object composed of dissimilar materials are obtained properly. The proposed method is expected to be used for determining the coefficients of thermal expansion of actual electronic devices.
Site preference of Ti and Nb in L12-ordered Co-Al-W phase and their effect on the properties of the alloy: first-principles study
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zhang Jianxin , Li Pan , Zhang Youjian , Jin Huixin , Zhang Wenyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, the equilibrium structure, electronic and elastic properties of L12-ordered Co-Al-W and Co-Al-W-X (X = Ti and Nb) phase were calculated, using first-principles calculations. Among six nonequivalent sites (Al1, Al2, Co3, Co4, W5, W6), Ti and Nb prefer to occupy the W6 site, since the formation enthalpy of the system is lowest when Ti and Nb occupy the W6 site. Both Ti and Nb most affect the density of states of Al atoms. Compared with the Al2 site, which is the sub-preference site of Ti and Nb, the density of states of Al atoms is higher with the addition of Ti and Nb in the W6 site, which means that the latter system is more stable. According to the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E, hardness H

V
and Poisson’s ratio σ, for Co3(Al, W) alloy, the addition of Ti and Nb in the W6 site decreases its hardness but increases its ductility. This work confirms that Ti and Nb can stabilize the Co3(Al, W) alloy and have a positive effect in solving the relatively poor ductility of this alloy, which has important implications for the development of cobalt-based alloys.
Single-Fourier transform based full-bandwidth Fresnel diffraction
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Hao , Jin Guofan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In physical optics, Fresnel diffraction matters. The single Fourier transform method has been widely used in Fresnel diffraction calculation and can perform the direct computation of the output field with high efficiency. Based on a phase-space analysis, we find that the conventional single Fourier transform method cannot correctly deal with the full bandwidth of the input field. Aliasing occurs with high-frequency components because the bandwidth transfer capacity of the conventional method is insufficient, which greatly deteriorates the calculation accuracy. To address this serious problem, we propose a single Fourier transform-based full-bandwidth Fresnel diffraction calculation method. By rearrangement of the sampling resources, all the frequency components can be correctly transferred for accurate, efficient, and flexible Fresnel diffraction calculation.
Systematic selection and evaluation of relevant surface roughness parameters for the characterisation of the innovative RPM-Synchronous Grinding process
Authors: Newrkla Katharina , Spenger Thomas , Cihak-Bayr Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The key to high performances and long lifetimes of machine components in lubricated contacts is often the surface topography. Its characteristics can be derived in numerous ways from 3D topography measurements, but these procedures do not follow any existing standards, resulting in limited comparability. In this work, we present a new, universally applicable workflow to reveal the most significant roughness parameters for a comprehensive description of differences in surface topographies. This workflow, based on principal component analysis (PCA), offers a standardization of parameter selection. It is applied to RPM-Synchronous Grinding (RSG), a novel grinding process that enables the production of non-circular geometries without an oscillating movement. To increase trust in this new technique, knowledge on how the process parameters affect the surface topography is required. Numerous statistical roughness parameters were derived from 3D confocal light microscopy as well as 2D tactile measurements on each ground workpiece. We apply the proposed workflow and find that, for the selected RSG parameter variations, Rq is the most relevant roughness parameter to capture changes in the surface topography. The 100 % fused white aluminum oxide grinding wheel, opposite grinding direction, and a low specific material removal rate result in the smoothest surfaces. A high degree of usage of the grinding wheel leads to higher Rq values, but there is a trend to reach a plateau value. The RSG machined workpieces are compared to conventionally ground and shortly run camshafts. The camshafts have Rq values in the range of the rougher RSG machined surfaces, but there are significant differences in the parameters Ssk, Sku, Sv and Vvv. Provided the number of workpieces is high enough for statstical analysis, we propose to apply our workflow for the selection of the most relevant roughness parameters to describe the differences between surfaces obtained by different machining parameters and processes.
Accurate feature selection improves single-cell RNA-seq cell clustering
Authors: Su Kenong , Yu Tianwei , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cell clustering is one of the most important and commonly performed tasks in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. An important step in cell clustering is to select a subset of genes (referred to as ‘features’), whose expression patterns will then be used for downstream clustering. A good set of features should include the ones that distinguish different cell types, and the quality of such set could have a significant impact on the clustering accuracy. All existing scRNA-seq clustering tools include a feature selection step relying on some simple unsupervised feature selection methods, mostly based on the statistical moments of gene-wise expression distributions. In this work, we carefully evaluate the impact of feature selection on cell clustering accuracy. In addition, we develop a feature selection algorithm named FEAture SelecTion (FEAST), which provides more representative features. We apply the method on 12 public scRNA-seq datasets and demonstrate that using features selected by FEAST with existing clustering tools significantly improve the clustering accuracy.
Molecular biogeography of the MediterraneanButhusspecies complex (Scorpiones: Buthidae) at its southern Palaearctic margin
Authors: Klesser Robert , Husemann Martin , Schmitt Thomas , Sousa Pedro , Moussi Abdelhamid , Habel Jan Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeogene orogenesis and climatic cycles strongly influenced inter- and intraspecific differentiation and variability of taxa. In this study, we focused on the southern margin of the western Palaearctic, known to be a geographically complex region. We performed mitochondrial DNA analyses of Buthus scorpions from the Moroccan Atlas Mountains, from the Hoggar Mountains in Algeria and from Tunisia, Iberia and Israel. Molecular species delimitation suggests the existence of ≥ 24 molecular operational taxonomic units. The data confirm complex differentiation patterns across the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, but structures in Iberia, Algeria and Tunisia have considerably lower complexity. This identifies the Atlas Mountain region as the most important differentiation centre of Buthus scorpions. Samples from the Hoggar Mountains (southern Algeria) cluster with those from the southernmost parts of Morocco in the middle and upper parts of the Draa Valley. This reinforces a recent connection of these regions. Samples from Israel are genetically similar to individuals from eastern Algeria and Tunisia. This suggests a widespread group across major parts of North Africa. Divergence time estimates indicate that differentiation in the genus began during the late Miocene, a period characterized by strong tectonic activities in this region. Further differentiation could be linked to subsequent climatic changes that have occurred since the end of the Miocene, with an increasing aridification of the Moroccan area. This also produced many microrefugia in the mountains of the area during the Pleistocene climatic fluctuations.
I Must Speak of the Turning
Authors: Shepersky Tara K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Enriching BioScience's role as a Forum for Integrating the Life Sciences, Arts in Science provides an occasional venue for poems, visual art, and other forms of artistic expression that explore and enliven our understanding of life. Through the contributions in this section, we hope to share with our readers the passion for nature that science inspires.
The “Lianescent Vascular Syndrome” statistically supported in a comparative study of trees and lianas of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae
Authors: Luizon Dias Leme Claudia , Pace Marcelo Rodrigo , Angyalossy Veronica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLianas are one of the most iconic elements of tropical forests and their presence is a major feature of these biomes. Here we aim to describe and compare the wood of key genera of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae comprising both trees and lianas. Thirty-eight species from the genera Machaerium, Dalbergia, Clitoria and Dioclea were sampled to establish the main quantitative features that differentiate lianas and trees, the so-called “Lianescent Vascular Syndrome”. Variance analyses were carried out to diagnose the anatomical differences between trees and lianas. Whereas most studies focused on qualitative features, this study focused on a statistical, quantitative comparison of lianas and trees of Papilionoideae, some not previously analysed anatomically. Our results show that lianas are quantitatively different from trees in having wider and more frequent vessels, a higher percentage of axial and radial parenchyma relative to fibres, greater ray height and width and longer fibres, statistically corroborating the “Lianescent Vascular Syndrome”.
Bi-allelic variants in HOPS complex subunit VPS41 cause cerebellar ataxia and abnormal membrane trafficking
Authors: Sanderson Leslie E , Lanko Kristina , Alsagob Maysoon , Almass Rawan , Al-Ahmadi Nada , Najafi Maryam , Al-Muhaizea Mohammad A , Alzaidan Hamad , AlDhalaan Hesham , Perenthaler Elena , van der Linde Herma C , Nikoncuk Anita , Kühn Nikolas A , Antony Dinu , Owaidah Tarek Mustafa , Raskin Salmo , Vieira Luana Gabriela Dalla Rosa , Mombach Romulo , Ahangari Najmeh , Silveira Tainá Regina Damaceno , Ameziane Najim , Rolfs Arndt , Alharbi Aljohara , Sabbagh Raghda M , AlAhmadi Khalid , Alawam Bashayer , Ghebeh Hazem , AlHargan Aljouhra , Albader Anoud A , Binhumaid Faisal S , Goljan Ewa , Monies Dorota , Mustafa Osama M , Aldosary Mazhor , AlBakheet Albandary , Alyounes Banan , Almutairi Faten , Al-Odaib Ali , Aksoy Durdane Bekar , Basak A Nazli , Palvadeau Robin , Trabzuni Daniah , Rosenfeld Jill A , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Meyer Brian F , Karakas Bedri , Al-Mohanna Futwan , Arold Stefan T , Colak Dilek , Maroofian Reza , Houlden Henry , Bertoli-Avella Aida M , Schmidts Miriam , Barakat Tahsin Stefan , van Ham Tjakko J , Kaya Namik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a complex, essential process in eukaryotic cells responsible for protein transport and processing. Deficiencies in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins, key regulators of trafficking, cause abnormal intracellular segregation of macromolecules and organelles and are linked to human disease. VPS proteins function as part of complexes such as the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, composed of VPS11, VPS16, VPS18, VPS33A, VPS39 and VPS41. The HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 has been reported to promote viability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease but to date has not been linked to human disease. Here, we describe five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function.
Discovery or ownership? A new light on an Austrian controversy over entrepreneurship
Authors: Aimar Thierry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article delivers an original analysis of an Austrian controversy between Rothbard and Kirzner about the relationship between entrepreneurship and capital ownership: in real-world markets, must the entrepreneur be a capitalist or not? The two authors were opposed to each other on that issue. Here, we will take a new look at existing literature by proposing a review of the key terms used in the debate. The thesis we defend here is that Rothbard and Kirzner were suffering from a mutual conceptual misunderstanding. Thus, taking an original view aims to steer the debate to a positive outcome and to reconsider the Austrian relationship between entrepreneurship, ownership and exploitation of capital.
Cryoballoon ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs: first-line therapy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kuniss Malte , Pavlovic Nikola , Velagic Vedran , Hermida Jean Sylvain , Healey Stewart , Arena Giuseppe , Badenco Nicolas , Meyer Christian , Chen Jian , Iacopino Saverio , Anselme Frédéric , Packer Douglas L. , Pitschner Heinz-Friedrich , Asmundis Carlo de , Willems Stephan , Di Piazza Fabio , Becker Daniel , Chierchia Gian-Battista ,   for the Cryo-FIRST Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTreatment guidelines for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) suggest that patients should be managed with an antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) before undergoing catheter ablation (CA). This study evaluated whether pulmonary vein isolation employing cryoballoon CA is superior to AAD therapy for the prevention of atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrence in rhythm control naive patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).Methods and resultsA total of 218 treatment naive patients with symptomatic PAF were randomized (1 : 1) to cryoballoon CA (Arctic Front Advance, Medtronic) or AAD (Class I or III) and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was ≥1 episode of recurrent AA (AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia) &gt;30 s after a prespecified 90-day blanking period. Secondary endpoints included the rate of serious adverse events (SAEs) and recurrence of symptomatic palpitations (evaluated via patient diaries). Freedom from AA was achieved in 82.2% of subjects in the cryoballoon arm and 67.6% of subjects in the AAD arm (HR = 0.48, P = 0.01). There were no group differences in the time-to-first (HR = 0.76, P = 0.28) or overall incidence [incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.79, P = 0.28] of SAEs. The incidence rate of symptomatic palpitations was lower in the cryoballoon (7.61 days/year) compared with the AAD arm (18.96 days/year; IRR = 0.40, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsCryoballoon CA was superior to AAD therapy, significantly reducing AA recurrence in treatment naive patients with PAF. Additionally, cryoballoon CA was associated with lower symptom recurrence and a similar rate of SAEs compared with AAD therapy.
Global relationship between Mediterranean diet and the incidence and mortality of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Sezaki Ayako , Imai Tomoko , Miyamoto Keiko , Kawase Fumiya , Shirai Yoshiro , Abe Chisato , Sanada Masayo , Inden Ayaka , Kato Takumi , Suzuki Norie , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to clarify the global relationship between the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and country-wise incidence and mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) using an international database.

Methods
We used population data from a global longitudinal database covering 137 countries with a population of over one million. MDS were evaluated based on the total score of the nine foods that comprise the Mediterranean diet. The incidence and mortality of IHD by country was derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Average food (g/day/capita) and energy supply (kcal/day/capita) by country, excluding loss between production and household, were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database. Data from the GBD database were used for body mass index, current smoking rates, physical activity, years of education and percentage of the Muslim population. We identified the percentage of the population over 65 years of age (aging rate) and gross domestic product per capita (US$/capita) using the World Bank database. A linear mixed-effect model was used for evaluating the effects of MDS on incidence and mortality of IHD controlled for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables.

Results
Analysis showed that MDS was significantly associated with IHD incidence after controlling for covariates (–1.01 ± 0.27, P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant association between MDS and IHD-related mortality after controlling for covariates (–0.73 ± 0.34, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Analysis of 27 years of data suggests that a Mediterranean diet might have a preventive effect on IHD.
Judicial self-dealing and unconstitutional constitutional amendments in South Asia
Authors: Yap Po Jen , Abeyratne Rehan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Courts around the world today are empowered to strike down unconstitutional constitutional amendments. But can a court strike down amendments that restore parts of the original constitution? The Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court did precisely this in Bangladesh v. Asaduzzaman Siddiqui (2017), holding unconstitutional an amendment that restored the judicial removal provision that existed in the original 1972 Constitution. This article analyzes Siddiqui within the comparative constitutional amendment literature and the broader South Asian context. Despite the apparent incongruity of applying the basic structure doctrine to an original constitutional provision, we argue that Siddiqui is defensible on both theoretical and pragmatic grounds. The amendment that was invalidated in this case represented an unconstitutional departure from the judicial removal practice that had existed for several decades and was entrenched by a previous amendment, which “dismembered” the original constitution and safeguarded constitutional democracy in Bangladesh. At a regional level, Siddiqui is similar to recent judgments in India and Pakistan in which apex courts assert their control and limit political influence in judicial appointment and removal proceedings. Such judicial self-dealing, we argue, is more justified in Bangladesh and Pakistan than in India due to their checkered histories with democracy and political interference with judicial functions.