bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of both physical assessment and electronic health record review to assess frailty prior to heart transplant
Authors: Lee Yoon Kyung , Shukman Marina , Biniwale Reshma , Ardehali Abbas , Kamath Megan , Nsair Ali , Schaenman Joanna M. , Goldwater Deena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionFrailty status affects outcomes after heart transplantation, but the optimal way to assess frailty prior to transplant remains unknown.MethodsThis single‐center, observational study assessed 44 heart transplant candidates for frailty using three methods. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) were used as two physical assessments of frailty. The Frailty Risk Score (FRS) was used as a chart‐review based assessment measuring 20 different biopsychosocial and functional components, including biomarkers, depression, cognitive impairment, and sleep.ResultsWe determined the correlation between FRS, SPPB, and FFP and how each correlated with clinical outcomes. Of 44 participants, mean age was 60 years. FRS correlated with SPPB and FFP (P = .043, P < .001, respectively). Higher frailty as measured by SPPB and FRS was significantly associated with lack of achieving waitlist status (P = .022; P = .002) and not being transplanted (P = .026; P = .008). Higher frailty by SPPB and FFP was also associated with mortality (P = .010; P = .025).ConclusionSPPB and chart‐review FRS showed potential for predicting waitlist and transplant status of heart transplant candidates, while SPPB and FFP were associated with mortality. Additional studies may serve to validate these observations.
Cardiac transplantation after heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic review
Authors: Jimenez Diana C. , Warner Eric D. , Ahmad Danial , Rosen Jake L. , Al‐Rawas Nawar , Morris Rohinton J. , Alvarez Rene , Rame J. Eduardo , Entwistle John W. , Massey H. Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) presents a unique challenge in patients requiring orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). We sought to pool the existing evidence in a systematic review.MethodsElectronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies on OHT in patients with HIT. Patient‐level data for 33 patients from 21 studies were extracted for statistical analysis.ResultsMedian patient age was 51 [IQR 41, 55] years, with 75.8% (25/33) males. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of HIT, and anti‐PF4/Heparin antibodies were positive in 87.9% (29/33). Median lowest reported platelet count was 46 × 109/L [27.2, 73.5]. Intraoperatively, 61% (20/33) of patients were given unfractionated heparin (UFH), while 39% (13/33) were given alternative anticoagulants. The alternative agent subgroup required more antifibrinolytics [54% (7/13) vs 10% (2/20), P = .02] and clotting factors [69.2% (9/13) vs 15.0% (3/20), P < .01]. Perioperative thrombosis occurred more [53.8% (7/13) vs 0% (0/20, P < .01) in alternate agent subgroup. More patients in the alternate agent subgroup required post‐operative transfusions [54% (7/13) vs 0% (0/20), P < .01]. Thirty‐day mortality of 15.2% (5/33) was comparable between the subgroups.ConclusionHeparin use during OHT may be associated with less adverse effects compared to use of other anticoagulants with no difference in 30‐day mortality.
A longitudinal study among young adults into the predictive effect of perceived efficacy of behavioural strategies and the moderating role of drinking motives on use of protective behavioural strategies
Authors: González‐Ponce Bella M. , Carmona‐Márquez José , Díaz‐Batanero Carmen , Vera Belén del Valle , Pilatti Angelina , Fernández‐Calderón Fermín 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough protective behavioural strategies (PBS) have shown to be effective in minimising alcohol‐related negative consequences, research on the explanatory factors of their use is very scarce. Perceived efficacy has been demonstrated to be one of the most relevant explanatory factors in the use of health‐related protective behaviours. The present study prospectively examines the relationship between the perceived efficacy of PBS in reducing alcohol‐related negative consequences and the use of PBS in a community‐based sample of young adults. In addition, the moderating role of drinking motives in this relationship is also examined.MethodsProspective design with a baseline assessment and a 2‐month follow up. Using a targeted sampling procedure, 339 young adults were recruited from the community [mean age: 21.1 (SD = 2.21); female = 50.7%] and completed questionnaires to measure perceived efficacy of PBS and drinking motives at baseline and PBS use at follow up.ResultsPerceived efficacy of PBS at baseline was positively associated with PBS use at follow up, and these relationships were weaker as social, enhancement and coping motives scores increased.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings support the need to include the perceived efficacy of PBS to reduce alcohol‐related negative consequences in future interventions aimed at promoting PBS use. Moreover, these interventions should be personalised according to the initial levels of participants' drinking motives, incorporating elements that allow for neutralising their negative effects on PBS use (e.g. training in coping skills for those with strong coping motives).
Risk of cancer in young and middle‐aged adults with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes in Sweden—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Fredriksson Marie , Persson Emma , Dahlquist Gisela , Möllsten Anna , Lind Torbjörn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims/hypothesisIn persons with type 1 diabetes, the risk of cancer remains controversial. We wanted to examine the excess risk of cancer in a large population‐based cohort diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 15 years of age.Study population and methodsFrom 1 July 1977 to 31 December 2013, we prospectively and on a national scale included 18,724 persons (53% men) with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes. For each person with type 1 diabetes, we selected four referents, matched for the date at birth and municipality of living at the time when the case developed diabetes. Cases and referents were linked to national registers of cancer and of the cause of death.ResultsA total of 125 persons (61% women) with diabetes had 135 different cancers, all diagnosed after the diabetes diagnosis. The median duration from diabetes diagnosis to first cancer diagnosis was 19 years (interquartile range 10‐26). The median age at cancer diagnosis in the diabetes group was 28 years (interquartile range 20‐35). The overall standardized incidence ratio (95%), using the Swedish general population as referents for women with diabetes was 1.28 (1.02, 1.58) and when comparing women with diabetes with matched referents, we found a hazard ratio of 1.42 (1.10, 1.85). No elevated risk was seen for men. Cancers of the breast and testis were the most common types in women and men respectively.ConclusionsWomen with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes had a small but significantly elevated risk of cancer. No such tendency was seen for men. The reason behind this is unclear.
Native mitral valve staphylococcus endocarditis with a very unusual complication: Ruptured posterior mitral valve leaflet aneurysm
Authors: Maidman Samuel D. , Kiefer Nicholas J. , Bernard Samuel , Freedberg Robin S. , Rosenzweig Barry P. , Bamira Daniel , Vainrib Alan F. , Ro Richard , Neuburger Peter J. , Basu Atreyee , Moreira Andre L. , Latson Larry A. , Loulmet Didier F. , Saric Muhamed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) is a life‐threatening disease associated with in‐hospital mortality of nearly one in five cases. IE can destroy valvular tissue, which may rarely progress to aneurysm formation, most commonly at the anterior leaflet in instances of mitral valve involvement. We present a remarkable case of a patient with IE and a rare complication of a ruptured aneurysm of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Two‐ and Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, intra‐operative videography, and histopathologic analysis revealed disruption at this unusual location–at the junction of the P2 and P3 scallops, surrounded by an annular abscess.
Prenatal diagnosis, management, and postnatal outcome of a fetus with massive cardiomegaly secondary to placenta chorioangioma
Authors: Karmegaraj Balaganesh , Ibrahim Syed , Razeen Mohamed , Premasudha Venkatanarayanan , Rajesh Arasi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChorioangiomas are the most common non‐trophoblastic benign vascular tumor of the placenta, highly associated with perinatal death rate. Herewith, we are reporting the prenatal diagnosis, management and postnatal outcome of a fetus referred at 33 weeks gestation with massive cardiomegaly secondary to placenta chorioangioma.
Unequivocal interpretation of dobutamine stress echocardiography in low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis by right parasternal view
Authors: Setti Martina , Nistri Stefano , Rossi Andrea , Mantovani Francesca , Ribichini Flavio L. , Benfari Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present the case of a 77‐years‐old man with aortic valve stenosis (AS) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, in whom right parasternal view provided the best hemodynamic evaluation of AS severity during dobutamine stress echocardiography
Left ventricular outflow tract to left atrial fistula: A rare long‐term complication of the commando procedure
Authors: Marshall William H. , Henn Matthew C. , Harfi Thura T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe commando procedure involves aortic and mitral valve replacement with complete reconstruction of the aorto‐mitral curtain. It is often a surgical treatment for invasive infective endocarditis with abscess, or less commonly for radiation‐induced heart disease with extensive calcification extending from the aortic valve onto the anterior mitral leaflet. Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a known long‐term complication of this surgery; however, reports of other long‐term outcomes are limited. We report the case of a 59‐year‐old male who developed a non‐infectious left ventricular outflow tract to left atrial fistula, incidentally found 5 years after undergoing a commando procedure for radiation‐induced heart disease.
Ecological trade‐offs in development and defence in a specialist moth when feeding on four congeneric host plants
Authors: Pareja Martín 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerbivore diet breadth has been hypothesised to be driven by plant quality (physiological efficiency hypothesis) or natural enemies (enemy‐free space hypothesis). These hypotheses on their own are now known to be insufficient explanations for the range of herbivore diet breadths and more integrative approaches consider how trade‐offs and ecological contingencies shape host plant use by herbivores. I carried out laboratory experiments to test whether physiological efficiency and defence against natural enemies trade off when larvae of the ornate bella moth,Utetheisa ornatrix(L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a genus‐specialist pod‐boring herbivore, feeds on leaves and pods of fourCrotalariaspecies (Fabaceae). Different components ofU.ornatrixphysiological efficiency traded off amongst each other and with defence against adult predation by the spiderLycosa erythrognathaLucas (Araneae: Lycosidae).Crotalaria micansLink provided the highest survival and fast development but low pupal weight and defence.Crotalaria ochroleucaG. Don provided poor survival, slow development, and low defence, but high pupal weight.Crotalaria pallidaAiton provided slow development and intermediate survival and pupal weight, but the best defence.Crotalaria vitellinaKer Gawl. provided high survival, fast development, and efficient defence, but low pupal weight. Compared to leaves, feeding on green seeds provided greater defence against predation, and developmental benefits, independent of host plant species, but there was a large cost in boring into the pod to reach the seeds. I therefore provide evidence that the trade‐offs among physiological efficiency components and between physiological efficiency and defence could maintain multiple host plant use in specialist herbivores. I also show that feeding on green seeds incurs a cost through pod‐boring but gives the moth benefits in adult defence. Therefore, the evolution of host plant use and pod‐boring in insect herbivores could be driven by defence as much as by physiological efficiency.
3D printed versus commercial models in undergraduate conservative dentistry training
Authors: Richter Martin , Peter Thorsten , Rüttermann Stefan , Sader Robert , Seifert Lukas B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe treatment of carious lesions is one of the most fundamental competencies in daily dental practice. However, many commercially available training models lack in reality regarding the simulation of pathologies such as carious lesions. 3D printed models could provide a more realistic simulation. This study provides an exemplary description of the fabrication of 3D printed dental models with carious lesions and assesses their educational value compared to commercially available models in conservative dentistry.Materials and MethodsA single‐stage, controlled cohort study was conducted within the context of a curricular course. A stereolithographic model was obtained from an intraoral scan and then printed using fused deposition modelling. These models were first piloted by experts and then implemented and compared against commercial models in a conservative dentistry course. Experts and students evaluated both models using a validated questionnaire. Additionally, a cost analysis for both models was carried out.ResultsThirteen dentists and twenty‐seven 5th year dental students participated in the study. The 3D printed models were rated significantly more realistic in many test areas. In particular, the different tactility and the distinction in colour was rated positively in the 3D printed models. At 28.29€ (compared to 112.36€), the 3D printed models were exceptionally cost‐efficient.Conclusions3D printed dental models present a more realistic and cost‐efficient alternative to commercial models in the undergraduate training of conservative dentistry.
The influence of cerebrovascular disease in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Hijazi Zina , Yassi Nawaf , O'Brien John T. , Watson Rosie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeLewy body dementia (LBD), including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia, is a common form of neurodegenerative dementia. The frequency and influence of comorbid cerebrovascular disease is not understood but has potentially important clinical management implications.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted (MEDLINE and Embase) for studies including participants with DLB and/or Parkinson's disease dementia assessing cerebrovascular lesions (imaging and pathological studies). They included white matter changes, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), macroscopic infarcts, microinfarcts and intracerebral haemorrhage.ResultsOf 4411 articles, 63 studies were included. Cerebrovascular lesions commonly studied included white matter changes (41 studies) and CMB (18 studies). There was an increased severity of white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging (visualized as white matter hyperintensities), but not neuropathology, in LBD compared to Parkinson's disease without dementia and age‐matched controls. CMB prevalence in DLB was highly variable but broadly similar to Alzheimer's disease (0%–48%), with a lobar predominance. No relationship was found between large cortical or small subcortical infarcts or intracerebral haemorrhage and the presence of LBD.ConclusionThe underlying mechanisms of white matter hyperintensities in LBD require further exploration, as their increased severity in LBD was not supported by neuropathological examination of white matter. CMB in LBD had a similar prevalence to Alzheimer's disease. There is a need for larger studies assessing the influence of cerebrovascular lesions on clinical symptoms, disease progression and outcomes.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of azobenzene nanogels for their antibacterial properties in adhesive dentistry
Authors: Trivedi Rinku , Gautam Dixa , Kehe Gannon M. , Escobedo Humberto D. , Patel Kruti , Stansbury Jeffrey W. , Schurr Michael J. , Nair Devatha P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe presence of cariogenic bacteria within the prepared tooth cavity at the adhesive resin‐dentin interface is detrimental to the long‐term stability and function of composite restorations. Here, we report the synthesis and incorporation of methacrylated azobenzene nanogels within bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ethanol (B/H/E) adhesive resins and evaluate their ability to reduce the bacterial invasion of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilms while preserving the mechanical strength and structural integrity of the critical interfacial connection between the restoration and the tooth. The azobenzene nanogel, with a hydrodynamic radius of < 2 nm and a molecular weight of 12,000 Da, was polymerized within B/H/E adhesive formulations at concentrations of 0.5 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.5 wt.%. While the double‐bond conversion, cytocompatibility, water solubility, and sorption of the adhesive networks were comparable, azobenzene nanogel networks showed improved hydrophobicity with a ≥ 25° increase in water contact angle. The polymerized adhesive surfaces formulated with azobenzene nanogels showed a 66% reduction in bacterial biofilms relative to the control while maintaining the mechanical properties and micro‐tensile bond strength of the adhesive networks. The increased hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity are promising indicators that azobenzene nanogel additives have the potential to increase the durability and longevity of adhesive resins.
Predictors of attendance at court‐referred shuttle or videoconferencing mediation among separating or divorcing parents reporting high levels of intimate partner violence
Authors: Jiang Lily J. , Rossi Fernanda S. , Beck Connie J. , Applegate Amy G. , Adams Jeannie M. , Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA majority of separating parents seeking family mediation report intimate partner violence (IPV). Whether mediation is appropriate for such parties is controversial. Modified mediation approaches may enhance party safety by keeping them physically separated (e.g., shuttle and videoconferencing mediation). Unfortunately, little research exists regarding whether parties reporting IPV attend mediation, even proposed safer forms, and whether attendance is related to IPV reported, type of mediation provided, or parent gender. We examined IPV‐related variables as predictors of court‐referred mediation attendance among cases reporting high levels of IPV. Specifically, we compared cases that did or did not attend mediation. Cases were part of a larger randomized controlled trial that included shuttle and videoconferencing mediation conditions (Holtzworth‐Munroe et al., 2020). No statistically significant findings emerged on several variables. However, parents reporting higher levels of IPV, even among this high IPV sample, were the most likely to not attend shuttle mediation. That finding held for both parents for level of reported injury but only for mothers for reported level of IPV victimization. While replication is required, efforts should continue to examine and develop dispute resolution interventions to provide safe, appropriate, and appealing services for parents reporting high levels of IPV, perhaps particularly for mothers.
Stimulation of ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by nitrogen loading: Poor predictability for increased soil N2O emission
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Feng , Abalos Diego , Luo Yiqi , Hui Dafeng , Hungate Bruce A. , García‐Palacios Pablo , Kuzyakov Yakov , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Jørgensen Uffe , Chen Ji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N‐induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field‐based results challenge the laboratory‐based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N‐induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission.
Non‐stationary and interactive effects of climate and competition on pink salmon productivity
Authors: Ohlberger Jan , Ward Eric J. , Brenner Richard E. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Haught Stormy B. , Finnoff David , Litzow Michael A. , Schwoerer Tobias , Ruggerone Gregory T. , Hauri Claudine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are exposed to increased environmental change and multiple human stressors. To anticipate future impacts of global change and to improve sustainable resource management, it is critical to understand how wild salmon populations respond to stressors associated with human‐caused changes such as climate warming and ocean acidification, as well as competition in the ocean, which is intensified by the large‐scale production and release of hatchery reared salmon. Pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) are a keystone species in the North Pacific Ocean and support highly valuable commercial fisheries. We investigated the joint effects of changes in ocean conditions and salmon abundances on the productivity of wild pink salmon. Our analysis focused on Prince William Sound in Alaska, because the region accounts for ~50% of the global production of hatchery pink salmon with local hatcheries releasing 600–700 million pink salmon fry annually. Using 60 years of data on wild pink salmon abundances, hatchery releases, and ecological conditions in the ocean, we find evidence that hatchery pink salmon releases negatively affect wild pink salmon productivity, likely through competition between wild and hatchery juveniles in nearshore marine habitats. We find no evidence for effects of ocean acidification on pink salmon productivity. However, a change in the leading mode of North Pacific climate in 1988–1989 weakened the temperature–productivity relationship and altered the strength of intraspecific density dependence. Therefore, our results suggest non‐stationary (i.e., time varying) and interactive effects of ocean climate and competition on pink salmon productivity. Our findings further highlight the need for salmon management to consider potential adverse effects of large‐scale hatchery production within the context of ocean change.