bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorized Foam Actuator with Intrinsic Proprioception and Tunable Stiffness Behavior for Soft Robots
Authors: Babu* Saravana Prashanth Murali , Visentin Francesco , Sadeghi Ali , Mondini Alessio , Meder Fabian , Mazzolai* Barbara 
Published: March 2021

This Supporting information includes:
1. Component Selection and Performance of SFA
2. Actuator Manufacturing and Preparation of Conductive Ink
3. Average Thickness of Conductive Coating layer on PU Foam
4. Time Response of the Actuator in Different Modes
5. Characterization and Experimental Setup
6. Measurement and Data Analysis
7. Design Specifications of Soft Robotic Applications
8. Supporting Video
Corresponding author Email:
saravanaprashanth@outlook.com,
barbara.mazzolai@iit.it
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E CONHECIMENTO DE GESTANTES SOBRE ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Barros Karina Rodrigues de Sousa , Andrade Patrícia Soares Pereira de , Santos Jéssica Pereira dos , Monteiro Kerla Joeline Lima , Sousa Ranieri Flávio Viana de , Nascimento Elaine Ferreira do , Bacelar Polyanna Araújo ALves 
Published: March 2021

O aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) propicia saúde ao recém-nascido e à mulher, fortalece o vínculo mãe e filho e leva à redução na mortalidade infantil. O objetivo foi identificar o perfil e os conhecimentos sobre aleitamento materno de gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) durante o pré-natal, no município de Gilbués, Piauí, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa coletada por meio de um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas e conhecimentos em relação ao aleitamento materno. O estudo foi realizado em 40 gestantes nas UBS dos bairros São José e Santo Antônio. Destas, 75% estavam na segunda gestação ou mais e 47,5% no segundo trimestre gestacional. A maioria apresentou idade entre 18 e 30 anos, eram solteiras, possuíam apenas o ensino fundamental, não exerciam atividade profissional e possuíam renda familiar de até um salário mínimo. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre aleitamento materno, houve orientação no pré-natal, porém com pouca incorporação acerca dos benefícios que o AME também pode proporcionar à mãe. Apontou-se ainda as dúvidas e/ou inseguranças das gestantes sobre amamentação. As atividades de educação em saúde no pré-natal são fundamentais para a saúde da criança e da mulher promovendo estratégias de promoção, apoio e incentivo ao aleitamento materno.
Application of Lightning Breakdown Simulation in Inversion of Induced Fracture Network Morphology in Stimulated Reservoirs
Authors: Hui Zhao , Guanglong Sheng , Luoyi Huang , Xun Zhong , Jingang Fu , Yuhui Zhou , Jialing Ma , Jiayu Ruan , Zhouxiang Hu , Shumin Sun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accurately characterizing fracture network morphology is necessary for flow simulation and fracturing evaluation. The complex natural fractures and reservoir heterogeneity in unconventional reservoirs make the induced fracture network resulting from hydraulic fracturing more difficult to describe. Existing fracture propagation simulation and fracture network inversion methods cannot accurately match actual fracture network morphology. Considering the lightning breakdown similar as fracture propagation, a new efficient approach for inversion of fracture network morphology is proposed. Based on the dielectric breakdown model (DBM) for lightning breakdown simulation and similarity principle, an induced fracture propagation algorithm integrating reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadow effect is proposed. The fractal index and random function are coupled to quantitatively characterize the probability distribution of induced fracture propagation path. At the same time, a matching rate function is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the fitting between fracture network morphology and the micro seismic data. Combined with automatic history matching method, the actual fracture network morphology can be inverted with the matching rate as objective function. The proposed approach is applied to fracture network simulation of mult-fractured horizontal wells of shale oil reservoir in China, and the fracture networks from inversion fit well with the micro seismic data. A simulation of 94 fractures in the 32 section of Well X2 shows that the well propagates more obvious branch fractures. The single-wing fracture network communicates approximately 200m horizontally and approximately 10m vertically. In single fracture flow simulation, it is necessary to consider the influence of complex fracture network morphology, but when simulating fluid flow for a single well or even a reservoir, only the main fracture needs to be considered. This paper proposes an induced fracture propagation algorithm that integrates reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadowing effects. This algorithm greatly improves the calculation efficiency on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of induced fracture network morphology. The approach in this paper provides a theoretical basis for flow simulation of stimulated reservoirs and optimization of fracture networks.
Research and Application of High Efficiency Drilling Technology in Condensate Gas Field in Bohai Oilfield
Authors: Dou Peng , Zhang Xiaocheng , Cui Guojie , Xie Tao , Zhu Guowei , Huo Hongbo , Tang Baisong , Lin Hai , Wang Hongyu , Han Xiaodong , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An oil-bearing structure in the southwest of Bozhong Sag in Bohai Oilfield contains large oil and gas reserves. It will be a key area for Bohai oilfield to increase reserves production. The main target layer in this block is the fractured granite formation in buried hill. Exploration work in this block is faced with many operational problems such as "deep burial, high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), low penetration rate, difficult reservoir protection, and low accuracy interface determination". Through technical research and field practice, aiming at "all well sections drilling rate speed-up, operation safely and efficiently, and releasing production capacity", a set of key technology system suitable for offshore oilfield deep exploration is formed. Since the application of this technology system, it has effectively improved the efficiency of well construction, greatly reduced the cost of exploration and operation, facilitated the discovery of oil and gas in multiple mid-depth strata. It has achieved a good operation effect on social and economic benefit.
An Innovative Deployment Technique to Optimize Logging Conveyance and Improve Data Quality
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Ida Hermawan Manuab , Benslimani Abderrahmane , Thatha Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWireline logging in a complex well profile, such as extended reach drilling (ERD) wells, presents many challenges for conveyance and data quality. Traditional pipe conveyed logging (PCL) or coiled tubing (CT) are prohibitive in terms of rig time, operational complexity and cost. Alternatively, tractor conveyance is limited by the available force in long laterals. Tools and accessories create higher friction and might jeopardize tool position in the horizontal section. Consequently, both data quality and reaching total depth are compromised. This paper details an innovative deployment technique using oriented wheels to address these challenges.The new centralizing system, comprised of bespoke wheeled carriages, takes a holistic approach to tool conveyance, reducing drag while ensuring optimum sensor orientation. Tool position is achieved through management of tool center of gravity, relative to the wheel axes. The idea of "centralizing by decentralizing" uses the wheeled carriages instead of bow spring centralizers. An eccentered counterweight is included to ensure the proper orientation of the logging sensors.In addition to improving data quality with proper centralization, the wheels minimize friction and the required force to push the toolstring when combined with a tractor. This enables the toolstring to safely and efficiently reach the well bottom and avoid multiple attempts and associated downhole failures. In the planning phase, calibrated software simulation parameters for this technique help to predict free-fall depth and required tractoring force.The wheeled carriages were deployed in an ERD well for cement evaluation across a 9-5/8" casing and could reach a world record of 85° by gravity. The reduced friction and optimized tool position resulted in higher tractor force margins; and so a net gain in the overall tractoring distance. Also, the low drag and surface tension enabled a sufficient pull capacity with a minimum drive combination. For data acquisition, this deployment enabled a minimum eccentricity, resulting in better cement evaluation data quality and reduced uncertainty related to interpretation. In addition to these benefits, a tangible and direct savings of rig time has improved safety, operational efficiency and well delivery KPIs. Oriented wheels with tractors were deployed in other challenging environments and showed consistent and reliable results.This innovative technique can be deployed in both open-hole and cased-hole with fitted design depending on the borehole size, well profile and complexity of the toolstring configuration.
Application Research of Engineering Construction Standardisation in an Oilfield Development Adjusting Project in Bohai Sea
Authors: Lu Ping , Wan Yufei , Qu Zhaoguang , Huang Yan , Tang Ningyi , Wang Wenguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency and economic benefits of oilfield development, the researchers applied the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction in the preliminary research and basic design of an oilfield development adjusting project in Bohai Sea for the first time. The application research mainly contains the topside, jacket, living quarter and workover rig of the project. In which, the topside and jacket are researched based on the standardisation achievements of Eight-Legged Central Platform Type B, the living quarter applies the standardised 60 persons living quarter and the workover rig adopts the achievements of workover rig HJX180D. Meanwhile, some optimizations and adjustments are carried out according to the actual needs. Through the application research, the basic design of the new platform is basically consistent with the standardised platform, and some settings are optimized and adjusted. Then the comparison and differences of the settings are analyzed between the two platforms, and the improvement measures are proposed for better application of standardisation achievements. Through the full application research of the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction, the project is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency and quality in management, research design, procurement and platform construction. As a result, it can save the construction period and cost, and improve the overall economic benefits of the oilfield development. Through the application of the standardised drawings and documents of the standardised topside, jacket, living quarter, workover rig and main equipment, the design period is shortened by 3 months comparing with the conventional period. Moreover, the standardised design of the main structural materials and equipment not only can save the procurement time and reduce cost, but also can facilitate the process management of the equipment and materials. Therefore, the economic benefits of the oilfield are effectively improved, which can provide strong support for the smooth production of the oilfield. The experience accumulated in the application research of standardisation achievements in this project can provide some reference value for the promotion and application of similar projects in the future.
Defining Heterogeneity and Compartmentalisation Predictions of Minor Reservoirs in Fluvial Environments: Geological and Dynamic Context
Authors: Zulkifli Nur Azah , Chisholm Lisa Claire , M Yusoff Amy Mawarni , Kosnon Nur Khairina , Mohd Azkah Mohd Zubair , M Diah Mohd Amri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reservoirs in MN Field comprise predominantly fluvial delta deposits. A number of reservoir modeling studies have been performed for major reservoirs, however, there are still challenges to be addressed. After 20 plus years of production, a project for minor reservoirs has been crafted based on the understanding and challenges of major reservoirs. The primary objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the uncertainties impacting the well performance and reservoir connectivity; and to find potential infill opportunities.
A 2D conceptual modelling approach was used as a practical way to incorporate the static and dynamic data of logs, core, seismic and pressure data. Taking the lessons learned from the major reservoir performances, this study focused on the fluvial reservoir sedimentology to address and decrease the uncertainties through the different scales of heterogeneity. Consequently, depositional facies maps were developed with the integration of geophysical study and interpretation derived from seismic analysis. These integrated depositional facies maps were then further refined with the well production data and scenarios of multiple compartments from multiple iterations to fit into the conceptual models of this field.
Refined paleo depositional maps for these minor reservoirs allowed for a better understanding on reservoir heterogeneities and further improved the geological understanding. This fundamental study can show us a more precise distribution and tendency of the sand and the scales of heterogeneity with different depositional facies. However, capturing and preserving the different levels of heterogeneities and compartmentalization is complex for some thin sand reservoirs which are below seismic resolution and have low correlation of reservoir properties-seismic response. Additionally, multiple compartments were inferred due to pressure difference and multiple contacts within a reservoir. This was further complicated by the uncertainty in log interpretation due to inadequacy of high confidence data (DST/fluid sampling), suppressed resistivity from shaly sands and below log resolution of thin beds. Despite of these issues and challenges, with integration of all the data available and rigorous team discussions; the minor reservoirs depo-facies, static and dynamic compartmentalization were finalized, leading to enhancement of reservoir prediction, communication and quality.
A New Approach To Improve The Assessments of CO2 Geo-Sequestration Capacity of Clay Minerals
Authors: Al-Khdheeawi Emad A. , Fauziah Cut Aja , Mahdi Doaa Saleh , Barifcani Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CO2 geological storage (CCS)isconsidered as the most promising technique to reduce atmospheric CO2emissions. However, due to the density variation between the injected supercritical CO2 and the formation water,CO2 tends to move vertically toward the air. This vertical CO2 leakage can be prevented by four trapping mechanisms (i.e. structural trapping,capillary trapping, solubility trapping, and mineral trapping). The capacities of structural and residual trapping are highly affected by rock wettability. Clay wettability is one of the crucial parametersin evaluation of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, the literature data show that there are many uncertainties associated with experimental measurements. One of these uncertainties is the influenceof the effect of gas density on the clay mineral wettability. Thus, here, we compared the wettability of a clay mineral (i.e. illite) of three different gas densities scenarios (i.e. low (Helium), moderate (Nitrogen), and high (CO2) gas densities). To do so, we measured the advancing and receding contact angle (i.e. wettability) of illite for CO2/water, nitrogen/water, and Helium/water systems at a constant (333 K) and four different pressures (5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa). The brine composition used was 4 wt% NaCl, 4 wt% CaCl2, 1 wt% MgCl2 and 1 wt% KCl, for all gas density scenarios. The results indicate that gas density has a significant effect on the clay mineral wettability and that both advancing and receding contact angles increase with an increase in gas density. The results show that a higher density gas scenario has a higher contact angle of illite, measured at the same temperature and pressure. For instance, the advancing contact angle of illite at 333 K and 20 MPa was 65° for the CO2/water system, 53° for the nitrogen/water system, and 50° for Helium/water Helium/water system. Thus, we conclude that the gas density affects the Clay wettability measurement and that the higher gas density leads to a higher contact angle measurements (i.e. a more CO2-wet system) of the clay and thus reduces the estimated CO2 geo-sequestration capacity and containment security.
Dissolution Facies Window Identification of Carbonate Gas Reservoir by Using Electrical Image Logs: A Case Study from Sichuan Basin
Authors: Xie Bing , Lai Qiang , Mo Jing , Bai Li , Luo Wenjun , Wang Dali , Wang Yue , Li Kaixuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Predicted reservoir results from conventional methods didn’t match the production performance in GS B well block in the Lower Sinian Dengying dolomite formation. The predicted gas production of vertical well is around 500k m3/day, but the real gas production is below 100k m3/day. In GS A well block, the predicted gas production of vertical well is consistent with the real gas production around 500k m3/day, and when meter cavie develops, test gas production can reach 1000k m3/day. It suggests the biggest challenge is to clarify reservoir characterization in GS B well block.
However, due to the limited resolution of conventional logs and strong heterogeneity of carbonate reservoir, conventional open hole logs and seismic data has limitation to provide the details of secondary pore and fractures to clarify reservoir characterization. The electrical image logs provide high resolution images with high borehole coverage. It can provide abundant information about secondary pore and fracture to identify dominant dissolution facies window.
Through electrical image logs, secondary pore and fracture classification in 50 vertical wells were performed in the Lower Sinian Dengying dolomite formation. Five facies were detected based on electrical image logs, including vug facies (honeycomb vug facies, algal stromatolite vug facies and bedding vug facies), cave facies, fracture-vug facies, massive dense facies and dark thin layer dense facies. With the five facies and top interface constraints from seismic data, 3D dissolution facies model was created, which can show different dissolution facies window of GS A and GS B well block. The method in this paper reveals the reason of confliction and agree test gas production.
The case study presents how to identify five dissolution facies based on high-resolution electrical image logs with core data calibration. Besides, 3D dissolution facies model is created to show dissolution facies window of GS B well block to optimize well trajectory deployment during the development stage. Better understanding of reservoir characterization was instructive for acid fracturing design of Dengying dolomite gas reservoir as well.
Low Cost Solution to Increase the C2 & C3 Product Recovery from LNG Feed
Authors: Gunasekaran Sharmila , Jakkulwar Avi , Pradhan Samit , Bilgrami Farukh , Sengupta Partha , Sarma Manepalli Sri , Raman Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An operating methane/ethane recovery plant from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) feed was facing limitations to process design throughput due to a variation in operating parameter of LNG feed. About 92% of design capacity of LNG feed is only being processed as flooding is observed inside the Demethanizer column, eventually leading to tripping of the plant. The limitations in the throughput has direct implication on the revenue as lesser throughput reduces the product generation. Various field trials were attempted within the existing setup to increase the throughput to the plant, however the throughout could not be increased. Operating an LNG plant is comparatively complex due to its unique characteristics, as even one degree change in the temperature has effect on the liquid vaporization. To achieve the design feed throughput rate, as a permanent solution, the temperature of the feed before entering the demethanizer column has to be increased. Various locations for increasing the temperature in the plant were studied in this paper. The identification of location for preheating plays an important role in the costing. For every one degree Celsius increase in the feed temperature, the duty of the exchanger increases three folds. This paper explains the low cost solutions to increase the throughput to the plant, thereby increasing the product generation of C2, C3 products from LNG feed prior to regasification.
Successfully Installing ICD Screens and Hydraulic Packers without Washpipe Using Novel Check-Valve ICDS: Case Study Offshore Canada
Authors: Dikshit Ashutosh , Kumar Amrendra , Froom Bruce 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective was to complete two ~16,000 ft MD offshore, openhole, horizontal wells with inflow control device (ICD) screens and hydraulic packers in acost-effective and risk-reduced manner. A major goal for the lower completion was to eliminate running washpipe for fluid circulation and intervention stringfor hydraulic packer setting to reduce rig time, equipment costs and operation/safety risks. A cost effective check-valve inflow control device (CV-ICD) screen solution, as described herein, was used on these two wells to achieve both of these purpose.
CV-ICD consists a nozzle with a 1) ceramic ball to seal against it's throat and 2) porous aluminum plate to retain the loose ball until injection pushes it against the throat. Extensive testing was performed under target conditions to ensure a 5,000psi differential pressure rating for setting open hole hydraulic packer.
Strict adherence to technical details helped transform the relatively simple concept of a ball-type, CV-ICD into a robust and reliable technology. The results of the extensive laboratory testing, as discussed herein, demonstrated: 1) HTHP functionality of the CV-ICD before/after exposure to wellbore fluids, 2) removal of the aluminum "cage" only after the ball is no longer required, and 3) acceptable flow performance of the ICDs with/without the loose ball present. Strict manufacturing and onsite QAQC procedures proved indispensable for success, especially given the challenging environment offshore.
Fluid circulation through the toe valve without washpipe was achieved while running the screen in wellbore. After reaching target depth (TD), the toe valve was closed there by allowing the string to be pressured up to set the hydraulic packers. The tubing pressure was successfully increased to ~5,000 psi against CV-ICDs to set the hydraulic packers. Overall, the completions were a success as discussed in more detail herein, along with valuable lessons learned.
The case studies presented herein demonstrated costs and risks associated with using a washpipe to deploy ICD screens to TD can be significantly reduced with a novel yet cost-effective CV-ICD solution. The integration of check ball with an ICD, while simple in concept, provide siginifcant value if the strict adherence to technical details, rigorous testing and diligent quality control are followed.