bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of H$$^\upbeta$$ Hyperfine Couplings in a Tyrosyl Radical Revealed by 263 GHz ENDOR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hiller M. , Tkach I. , Wiechers H. , Eltzner B. , Huckemann S. , Pokern Y. , Bennati M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract$$^1$$1H ENDOR spectra of tyrosyl radicals (Y$$^\bullet$$∙) have been the subject of numerous EPR spectroscopic studies due to their importance in biology. Nevertheless, assignment of all internal$$^1$$1H hyperfine couplings has been challenging because of substantial spectral overlap. Recently, using 263 GHz ENDOR in conjunction with statistical analysis, we could identify the signature of the H$$^{\upbeta _2}$$β2coupling in the essential Y$$_{122}$$122radical ofEscherichia coliribonucleotide reductase, and modeled it with a distribution of radical conformations. Here, we demonstrate that this analysis can be extended to the full-width$$^1$$1H ENDOR spectra that contain the larger H$$^{\upbeta _1}$$β1coupling. The H$$^{\upbeta _2}$$β2and H$$^{\upbeta _1}$$β1couplings are related to each other through the ring dihedral and report on the amino acid conformation. The 263 GHz ENDOR data, acquired in batches instead of averaging, and data processing by a new “drift model” allow reconstructing the ENDOR spectra with statistically meaningful confidence intervals and separating them from baseline distortions. Spectral simulations using a distribution of ring dihedral angles confirm the presence of a conformational distribution, consistent with the previous analysis of the H$$^{\upbeta _2}$$β2coupling. The analysis was corroborated by 94 GHz$$^2$$2H ENDOR of deuterated Y$$_{122}^\bullet$$122∙. These studies provide a starting point to investigate low populated states of tyrosyl radicals in greater detail.
Socioeconomic influence on treatment and outcome of patients with oral cancer in Germany
Authors: Klingelhöffer Christoph , Obst Annegret , Meier Johannes K. , Reichert Torsten E. , Ettl Tobias , Mueller Steffen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To illustrate the influence of different socioeconomic factors on the treatment and outcome of patients in Germany with oral cancer.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, 400 patients of our department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with primary cases of oral cancer were included. Preoperative diagnostics, occupational groups, and marital and health insurance status were evaluated. Overall and disease-specific survival were analyzed. Occupations were distinguished in 5 groups (unemployed, physically light workers, physically hard worker, university graduate, and freelancer). Data were adjusted to covariables like tumor size, positive lymph nodes, age, alcohol, or tobacco abuse.

Results
There was no differences between private and statutory insured patients concerning overall (p = 0.858) or disease-specific survival (p = 0.431). Private insured patients received more preoperative PET-CT (p = 0.046) and had a better dental status (p = 0.006). The occupational groups showed also no differences in survival (p = 0.963). The hospitalization of freelancers was in average 2 days shorter. Physically hard workers were diagnosed with bigger tumors (p = 0.018) and consumed more tobacco and alcohol. The 5-year survival rate of married patients was approximately 20% points better than not married patients, without showing a significant difference over the entire observation time (p = 0.084).

Conclusion
In our cohort, socioeconomic factors have just a limited influence on the survival or treatment of patients with oral cancer. A sufficient statutory health insurance system is a reasonable explanation for this.
Extracellular Microvesicles Released From Brain Endothelial Cells are Detected in Animal Models Of HIV-1 Signifying Unresolved Inflammation
Authors: Ramirez Servio H. , Buzhdygan Tetyana P. , Hale Jonathan F. , Cheng Liang , Li Guangming , Hoover-Hankerson Bryson , Razmpour Roshanak , Sriram Uma , Su Lishan , Potula Raghava , Andrews Allison M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreatment of HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively suppressed viral replication; however, the central nervous system is still a major target and reservoir of the virus leading to the possible development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Furthermore, a hallmark feature of HAND is the disruption of the blood–brain barrier that leads to loss of tight junction protein (TJP) complexes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by every cell type in the body, occur in greater quantities in response to cellular activation or injury. We have found that inflammatory insults activate brain endothelial cells (EC) and induce the release of EVs containing TJPs such as Occludin. We thus hypothesized that HIV infection and unresolved neuroinflammation will result in the release of brain-EC derived EVs. Herein, our results show elevated levels of brain-EC EVs in a humanized mouse model of HIV infection. Furthermore, while ART reduced brain-EC EVs, it was unable to completely resolve increased vesicles detectable in the blood. In addition to inflammatory insults, HIV-1 viral proteins (Tat and gp120) increased the release of Occludin + vesicles from human brain microvasculature ECs. This increase in vesicle release could be prevented by knock-down of the small GTPase ARF6. ARF6 has been shown to regulate EV biogenesis in other cell types, and we provide further evidence for the involvement of ARF6 in brain EC derived EVs. Overall, this study offers insight into the process of brain vascular remodeling (via EVs) in the setting of neuroinflammation and thus provides possibilities for biomarker monitoring and targeting of ARF6.
Graphical abstract
Über den Prozess der Legitimierung
Authors: Bonus Stefanie , Cano Marcela , Wenzler Nils 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag greift auf Forschungsergebnisse zurück, die im Rahmen der durch das BMBF geförderten Studie „Solidarisches Handeln in der Jugendverbandsarbeit und verbandlichen Selbstorganisation“ entstanden sind. Das Forschungsprojekt ist am Forschungsschwerpunkt Nonformale Bildung der TH Köln angesiedelt und fragt im Anschluss an gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen danach, wie Solidarität in der Selbstorganisation junger Menschen und dem institutionalisierten System jugendpolitischer Interessenvertretung gedacht, begründet und praktisch umgesetzt wird.
Breast cancer patient-reported outcome of factors influencing cosmetic satisfaction after breast-conserving therapy
Authors: Brands-Appeldoorn A. T. P. M. , Maaskant-Braat A. J. G. , Janssen L. , van Osch L. A. D. M. , Tjan-Heijnen V. C. G. , Roumen R. M. H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate which factors patients considered to be important for determining the degree of cosmetic satisfaction with regards to perceived body image after previous breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

Methods
Outcomes considered relevant by the patients were first identified using interviews. A questionnaire based on this group input was then devised and added to the physician-based Sneeuw questionnaire. Next, a quantitative study using this questionnaire was conducted in Dutch patients treated at least 6 months earlier for (non-) invasive breast cancer by BCT. Exclusion criteria were: previous mastectomy or BCT of the contralateral breast, BCT with nipple resection, metastatic disease, local recurrence or (previous) plastic breast surgery. Descriptive statistics were used throughout.

Results
A total of 149 patients (aged 36–87 years) completed the questionnaire. From this focus group input, the top three factors in overall importance (important or very important) for satisfaction were: ‘wearability of bra’ (67%), ‘breast sensitivity’ (59%) and ‘asymmetry’ (51%). Younger patients (< 55 years) considered ‘breast size’ to be most important, whereas ‘wearability of bra’ was most frequently reported by older patients (> 55 years). Time since BCT did not significantly influence the rating of relevant factors.

Conclusion
Patients consider ‘wearability of bra’, ‘breast sensitivity’ and ‘asymmetry’ as the most important factors when assessing their satisfaction with regards to cosmetic outcome and body image. These factors should be addressed in routine clinical practice during (pre) counseling.
Body Image Problems in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Troncone Alda , Cascella Crescenzo , Chianese Antonietta , Zanfardino Angela , Borriello Anna , Iafusco Dario 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite type 1 diabetes' (T1D) potential influence on adolescents' physical development, the occurrence of body image problems of adolescents with diabetes remains unclear. No research synthesis has yet addressed this issue. This study aims to systematically evaluate the empirical evidence concerning body image in individuals with T1D in order to provide an overview of the existing literature. Using PRISMA methodology, 51 relevant studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were found, the majority of them (N = 48) involving youth. The findings varied across studies: 17 studies indicated that in youth with T1D, body dissatisfaction was common and that body concerns were generally greater in youth with T1D than in controls; nine studies did not find any differences in body image problems between participants with and without T1D; three studies described higher body satisfaction in youth with diabetes than in controls; and three studies reported mixed results. Body concerns in individuals with T1D were often found to be associated with negative medical and psychological functioning. The variability and limits in assessment tools across studies, the overrepresentation of female subjects, and the fact that most research in this field is based on cross-sectional data are stressed in the interpretation of these mixed findings. Future research directions that could improve the understanding of body image concerns and clinical implications are discussed.
Three novel piperidones exhibit tumor-selective cytotoxicity on leukemia cells via protein degradation and stress-mediated mechanisms
Authors: Contreras Lisett , Medina Stephanie , Schiaffino Bustamante Austre Y. , Borrego Edgar A. , Valenzuela Carlos A. , Das Umashankar , Karki Subhas S. , Dimmock Jonathan R. , Aguilera Renato J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer is an ongoing worldwide health problem. Although chemotherapy remains the mainstay therapy for cancer, it is not always effective and has detrimental side effects. Here, we present piperidone compounds P3, P4, and P5 that selectively target cancer cells via protein- and stress-mediated mechanisms.

Methods
We assessed typical apoptotic markers including phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation through flow cytometry. Then, specific markers of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis including the depolarization of the mitochondria and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. Finally, we utilized western blot techniques, RT-qPCR, and observed the cell cycle profile after compound treatment to evaluate the possible behavior of these compounds as proteasome inhibitors. For statistical analyses, we employed the one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results
P3, P4, and P5 induce cytotoxic effects towards tumorigenic cells, as opposed to non-cancerous cells, at the low micromolar range. Compound treatment leads to the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa, both typically observed after proteasome inhibition, occurs after P3, P4, and P5 treatment. The stress-related genes PMAIP1, ATF3, CHAC1, MYC, and HMOX-1 were differentially regulated to contribute to the cytotoxic activity of P3–P5. Finally, compound P5 causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.

Conclusion
Taken together, compounds P3, P4, and P5 exhibit strong potential as anticancer drug candidates as shown by strong cytotoxic potential, activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and show typical proteasome inhibitor characteristics.
The Effect of Parenting Programme on the Symptoms and the Family Functioning of Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Who Have Residual Symptoms Despite Medical Treatment
Authors: Turan Bahadir , Esin Ibrahim Selcuk , Dursun Onur Burak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effects of the Parents Plus Children's Programme (PPCP) on children's symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and on family functionality and parenting stress. The children in the study were aged 6–11 years, and they had been diagnosed with ADHD and had residual symptoms despite effective dosage and timing of their medication. Forty-six couples, who with their children met the eligibility criteria, were enrolled and randomly allocated to the PPCP or the control group. The intervention involved a 9-week, 2 h a week, parenting group exercise. Those in the PPCP group improved significantly more over time on Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Family Assessment Device, and Parent Stress Index than those in the control condition. The trial is the first clinical study involving the parents of children with ADHD that addresses residual symptoms and functional impairments that remain despite the administration of the maximum effective dose of pharmacological treatment.
Corporate land acquisitions at the intersection of lineage and patronage networks in Cameroon
Authors: Ndi Frankline A. , Batterbury Simon , Wanki James Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the proliferation of literature on large-scale land acquisitions (LSLA) in Africa, few empirical studies exist on how patronage networks combine with socio-cultural stratification to determine the livelihood outcomes for African agrarian-based communities. This article draws from ethnographic research on Cameroon to contribute to bridging this gap. We argue that lineage and patronage considerations intersect to determine beneficiaries and losers during LSLA. Second, we show that LSLA tend to re-entrench existing inequalities in power relations that exist within communities in favour of people with traceable ancestral lineage. Concomitantly, non-indigenous groups especially migrants, bear the brunt of exclusion and are unfortunately exposed to severe livelihood stresses due to their inability to leverage patronage networks and political power to defend their interests. We submit that empirical examination of the impacts of land acquisitions should consider the centrality of power and patronage networks between indigenes and non-indigenes, and how this socio-cultural dichotomy restricts and/or mediates land acquisition outcomes in Cameroon.
Thermoplasmonic effect onto Toad physiology signals by plasmonic microchip structure
Authors: Akbari S. , Hamidi S. M. , Eftekhari H. , Soheilian A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are considered as the leading cause of death and almost 80% of deaths from this disease are developed in poor and less developed countries where early detection facilities are less available, along with overlooking the importance of screening. In other words, real-time monitoring of the physiological signals using flexible and wearable biosensors plays an important role in human life style. Thus, the present study aims to propose two dimensional flexible and wearable gold covered plasmonic samples as a physiological signal recorder, in which chips with nano array of resonant nanowire patterns performing in an integrated platform of plasmonic devices. The produced surface plasmon waves in our main chip were paired with an electric wave from the heart pulse and it use for recording and detecting the heartbeat of a toad with high accuracy. This measurement was performed in normal state and under external laser heating process to check the ability of signal recording and also thermoplasmonic effect onto the toad's heart signal. Our results show that our sensor was enough sensitive for detection while raising the body temperature of the toad and changing its heart rate as flatting T and P waves by thermoplasmonic effect.
Primary results of the Spanish Cryoballoon Ablation Registry: acute and long-term outcomes of the RECABA study
Authors: Ferrero-De-Loma-Osorio Ángel , Cózar Rocío , García-Alberola Arcadio , Valles Ermengol , Barrera Alberto , Toquero Jorge , Ormaetxe Jose Miguel , Sánchez Juan Martínez , Ruiz-Granell Ricardo , Amador Pablo Bastos , Rubio Jose Manuel , Martí-Amor Julio , Pascual Patricia , Molina Irene , Martínez-Alday Jesús Daniel ,   RECABA Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryoablation is safe and effective for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in controlled clinical trials, but contemporary real-world usage and outcomes are limited. The Report of the Spanish Cryoballoon Ablation Registry (RECABA) was designed to evaluate acute and 12-month outcomes of cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of AF in Spain. Patients from 27 Spanish centers were prospectively enrolled. Patients were treated with cryoballoon ablation and managed according to standard of care protocols at each center. The primary endpoint was ≥ 30 s freedom from AF at 12-month after a 3-month blanking period. Secondary endpoints included a description of patient characteristics, cryoablation procedural strategy and safety, and predictors of efficacy. In total, 1742 patients (71.4% PAF, 68.8% male, mean age 58.02 ± 10.40 years, 76.1% overweight or obese, CHA2DS2-VASc index 1.40 ± 1.28) were enrolled. Patients received 7.2 ± 2.67 cryo-applications. PV potentials could be detected in 61% of the PVs during ablation, with a mean time to block of 52.9 ± 37.02 s. Acute PVI was observed in 97% of PVs with 75.8% isolated with the first cryo-application. Mean procedural time was 113 ± 41 min. Acute complications occurred in 4.4% of the cases. With follow-up in 1628 patients, AF-free survival was 78.5% (PAF: 80.6% vs PersAF 73.3%; p < 0.001). Left atrium enlargement, female sex, non-PAF, and early recurrence were independent predictors of AF recurrence (p < 0.05). RECABA provides detailed insight into current dosing practices and demonstrates cryoablation is safe and effective in real-world use.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02785991.
Numerical investigation of transient mixed convection of nanofluid in a cavity with non-Darcy porous inner block and rotating cylinders with harmonic motion
Authors: Shirani Nima , Toghraie Davood 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMixed convection of nanofluid in a 2D square enclosure with a porous block in its center and four rotating cylinders, which are forced by a simple harmonic function, was studied numerically. The porous zone was studied by considering the Forchheimer–Brinkman-extended Darcy model. Effects of various parameters including Darcy number (10–5 ≤ Da ≤ 10–2), porosity (0.2 ≤ ɛ ≤ 0.7), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.03), on heat transfer, entropy generation, PEC, velocity, streamline and isotherm contours were demonstrated. The results show that decreasing the Darcy number as well as reducing the Richardson number leads to an increase in the average Nusselt number. However, porosity changes had no decisive effect on heat transfer. Maximize the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles in the base fluid enhanced heat transfer. In the case of the high permeability of the porous medium, the impact of the harmonic rotation of the cylinders on the flow patterns became more pronounced.
Options for tackling pathogen resistance by genome editing in rice
Authors: Schmidt Sarah M. , Luu Van Thi , Buchholzer Marcel , Arra Yugander , Frommer Wolf B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rice is the most important staple crop in the developing world and its productivity is critical for food security, development, and poverty elimination. Worldwide, approximately 900 million people from low-income households depend on rice. Ninety percent of the global rice is produced in Asia, mainly by small-scale producers who farm 0.4 ha or less. Productivity is increasingly threatened by biotic stresses from viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and arachnids. Nowadays, genome editing provides unique opportunities to generate variants of elite lines that are resistant to one or multiple diseases. We provide examples in which the simplest form of genome editing is used to block pathogens from exploiting host susceptibilities, thereby creating a robust broad-spectrum resistance. We highlight the editing of promoter sequences of rice SWEET sugar transporters, which led to resistance against Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) as a blueprint for the use of new breeding technologies in fighting other important crop diseases and for stacking with other useful traits. Notably, successful strategies for protecting against pathogen infections require more than just resistant rice lines, but also better maintenance and strategies to improve the living standards of small-scale producers.
A Korean Travel Agency Helps Make Leisure Activities Accessible to All
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Shiraani Fathimath , Yang Mo , Seabolt Katie , Sun Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Amuse Travel provides full-concierge customised travel services for diverse groups, including people with disabilities, families travelling with children and young people, and more recently, senior travellers. The company follows the vision of its CEO, Mr Seo-Yeon Oh (here onwards, Mr Oh), whose fundamental belief and driving mission is that all citizens should be able to travel comfortably and safely.

Information
For Skema: Written on the basis of material provided by Amuse Travel Company.
© CAB International 2021
Graphdiyne enables Cu nanoparticles for highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Wang Hong-Juan , Zhang Chao , Gong Yun-Nan , Bai Ya-Li , Lu Tong-Bu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Undoped Cu nanoparticles (NPs) generally show poor selectivity and activity for electroreduction of CO2 to formate due to hard desorption of HCOO* intermediate on Cu site. Here we report a Cu/pyrenyl-graphdiyne (Pyr-GDY) composite catalyst, in which Cu2O and CuO NPs were in-situ formed and embedded in the matrix of a two-dimensional (2D) Pyr-GDY, during the synthesis of 2D Pyr-GDY using monolayer graphene covered Cu foil as a template, and copper acetate as a coupling catalyst. Cu2O and CuO NPs in Cu/Pyr-GDY can be electrochemically reduced to cubic metallic CuNPs to get Cu/Pyr-GDY-R electrocatalyst, with the average size of metallic Cu NPs being 42 nm. The Cu/Pyr-GDY-R on Cu foil can be directly used as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2-to-formate conversion in a CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 electrolyte, with a formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) as high as 95% (at −1.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), far superior to that of Pyr-GDY-free Cu NPs (with a FEformate of only 29%). The key reaction intermediate of HCOO* during CO2-to-formate conversion was identified by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The results of density functional theory calculations revealed that the Pyr-GDY support can decrease the reaction free energy for the adsorption of HCOO* on Cu site, due to the electron transfer from metallic Cu NPs to conjugated diacetylene groups in 2D Pyr-GDY support, which leads to the high selectivity for formate over hydrogen production.