bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Slippery Myth: How Learning Style Beliefs Shape Reasoning about Multimodal Instruction and Related Scientific Evidence
Authors: Nancekivell Shaylene E. , Sun Xin , Gelman Susan A. , Shah Priti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe learning style myth is a commonly held myth that matching instruction to a student's “learning style” will result in improved learning, while providing mismatched instruction will result in suboptimal learning. The present study used a short online reasoning exercise about the efficacy of multimodal instruction to investigate the nature of learning styles beliefs. We aimed to: understand how learning style beliefs interact with beliefs about multimodal learning; characterize the potential complexity of learning style beliefs and understand how this short exercise might influence endorsements of learning styles. Many participants who believed in the learning style myth supported the efficacy of multimodal learning, and many were willing to revise their belief in the myth after the exercise. Personal experiences and worldviews were commonly cited as reasons for maintaining beliefs in learning styles. Findings reveal the complexity of learning style beliefs, and how they interact with evidence in previously undocumented ways.
How much does formula versus chaining matter for a cost‐of‐living index? The CPI‐U versus the C‐CPI‐U
Authors: Kurtzon Gregory 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA large economics literature has debated the best formula to estimate a cost‐of‐living index (COLI). This study shows that formula does not matter for many purposes for an index chained at a monthly frequency once chain drift has been removed. Spurious chain drift is removed with a new method revealing the large majority of the difference between the CPI‐U and the C‐CPI‐U (a COLI) is due to the CPI‐U weights effectively chaining at the biennial frequency, rather than the difference in formula assumptions. This sufficiently justifies the C‐CPI‐U and similar chained indexes while also showing their assumptions are not critical.
Saproxylic beetles trace deadwood and differentiate between deadwood niches before their arrival on potential hosts
Authors: Graf Marlene , Lettenmaier Ludwig , Müller Jörg , Hagge Jonas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deadwood provides a variety of habitats for saproxylic beetles. Whereas the understanding of the drivers promoting saproxylic beetle diversity has improved, the process of deadwood colonisation and beetle's potential to trace resources is poorly understood. However, the mechanisms facilitating deadwood detection by saproxylic beetles appears to be essential for survival, as deadwood is usually scattered in time and space.
To investigate whether saproxylic beetles distinguish before their arrival on potential hosts between alive trees and deadwood (lying, stumps, standing), deadwood arrangement (aggregated, distributed) and different heights on standing resources (bottom = 0.5 m, middle = 4–5 m, top = 7.30–11.60 m), we sampled saproxylic beetles with sticky traps in a deadwood experiment.
We found on average 67% higher abundance, 100% higher species numbers and 50–130% higher species diversity of colonising saproxylic beetles consistently for all deadwood types compared to alive trees with a distinct community composition on lying deadwood compared to the other resource types. Aggregated deadwood arrangement, which is associated with higher sun‐exposure, had a positive effect on species richness. The abundance, species number and diversity, was significantly higher for standing deadwood and alive trees at the bottom section of tree trunks. In contrast to living trees, however, the vertical position had an additional effect on the community composition on standing deadwood.
Our results indicate that saproxylic beetles are attracted to potential deadwood habitats and actively select specific trunk sections before arriving on potential hosts. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of sun‐exposed resources for species richness in saproxylic beetles.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of tooth preparation forms in paediatric zirconia crowns: An in vitro study
Authors: Chae Yong Kwon , Lee Hyeonjong , Hyun Hong‐Keun , Lee Hyo‐Seol , Choi Sung Chul , Nam Ok Hyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThough prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) differ from stainless steel crowns and have different preparation guidelines for optimal crown adaptation, little is known about how clinicians prepare teeth for PZCs.AimTo investigate the prepared tooth forms for PZCs and identify the shared patterns of tooth preparation.DesignTwenty participants prepared primary maxillary first molars and mandibular second molars for PZCs. A model with ideally prepared tooth was digitally generated as a reference. The prepared teeth were digitally scanned and superimposed on the reference. Three‐dimensional analysis software was used to evaluate the discrepancy between ideal and prepared surface for overall surface and subdivided area.ResultsHalf of the surfaces received excessive reduction, and 24% showed error within 0.2 mm (p < .001) in maxilla. 41.6% of surfaces showed error within 0.2 mm, and 20% were excessively prepared (p = .002) in mandible. The highest discrepancies were found at the mesiopalatal line angles (maxillary) and at the distobuccal line angles (mandibular). Significant discrepancies were observed on the occlusal surfaces, especially at the cusps.ConclusionsTooth preparations for PZCs showed wide variations related to depth among the participants.
Oxidation inhibition behaviors of HfB2‐MoSi2‐SiC oxygen blocking coating prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Ren Xuanru , Zhang Menglin , Zhu Lu , Chu Hongao , Feng Peizhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe HfB2‐MoSi2‐SiC oxygen blocking coatings were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, whose oxidation inhibition ability was further strengthened by the pre‐oxidation treatment. The effect of MoSi2 content and pre‐oxidation treatment process on the oxygen blocking ability of the HfB2‐MoSi2‐SiC coating at 1973 K were conducted. After SPS, for the HfB2‐MoSi2‐SiC coatings with 20 wt%, 40 wt%, and 60 wt% MoSi2, the relative density of the coatings are 92.6%, 93.9%, and 85.6%, respectively. Owing to the enhanced compactness of the coatings, increasing MoSi2 content can significantly improve the protection efficiency of the coatings during the activation oxidation stage. However, due to the increased formation of gaseous by‐products during the inerting oxidation stage, excessive MoSi2 weaken the oxidation inhibition ability of the coatings. The sufficient dispersion of Hf‐oxides nanocrystals in the glass layer conduces to enhance the oxygen blocking ability of the glass layer, making the 40HfB2‐40MoSi2‐20SiC coating present the best oxidation protective ability. The pre‐oxidation treatment at 1773 K conduces to form the steady glass layer with fewer defects at the cost of a lower oxidation consumption of the coating, which enhanced the protection efficiency of the coating from 96.9% to 99.8% and reduced the oxygen permeability from 0.13% to 0.028%.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): A promising class of antimicrobial compounds
Authors: Erdem Büyükkiraz Mine , Kesmen Zülal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds, which have inhibitory activity against microorganisms. In the last decades, AMPs have become powerful alternative agents that have met the need for novel anti-infectives to overcome increasing antibiotic resistance problems. Moreover, recent epidemics and pandemics are increasing the popularity of AMPs, due to the urgent necessity for effective antimicrobial agents in combating the new emergence of microbial diseases. AMPs inhibit a wide range of microorganisms through diverse and special mechanisms by targeting mainly cell membranes or specific intracellular components. In addition to extraction from natural sources, AMPs are produced in various hosts using recombinant methods. More recently, the synthetic analogues of AMPs, designed with some modifications, are predicted to overcome the limitations of stability, toxicity and activity associated with natural AMPs. AMPs have potential applications as antimicrobial agents in food, agriculture, environment, animal husbandry and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have provided an overview of the structure, classification and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as discussed opportunities for their current and potential applications.
Metabolite and transcriptome analyses revealed the modulation of fructo-oligosaccharide on ileum metabolism of Taiping chickens
Authors: Ma Fang , Luo Lintong , Gao Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
The metabolic markers and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) were screened, and the response of FOS to the ileum metabolic pathway of Taiping chickens was analysed.

Methods and Results
Prebiotic are widely used in agricultural breeding for care and maintenance of animal health, especially FOS. Metabonomics evaluation of ileum of Taiping chicken ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry showed that 93 differentially altered metabolites were identified and divided into eight categories, of which organic acids and derivatives was the most important one. Transcriptomic analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in drug metabolism-cytochrome p450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome p450, retinol metabolism and fat digestion and absorption. Integrated analysis of metabolite profiles and gene expression revealed that the significantly up-regulated GSTT1 was significantly correlated with most of the different lipid metabolites, suggesting that GSTT1 may play an important role in FOS regulation of lipid metabolism.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that supplementation of FOS can have a positive effect on gut metabolites, which may contribute to the overall health with indigenous chickens.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Insight into the responses of intestinal prebiotics of Taiping chicken is helpful to understand the role of prebiotics in maintaining intestinal microflora balance and improving immune response and productivity of poultry from the molecular and metabolic levels.
Genomic inferences in a thermophilous grasshopper provide insights into the biogeographic connections between northern African and southern European arid‐dwelling faunas
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , González‐Serna María José , Noguerales Víctor , Cordero Pedro J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAlthough thermophilous and arid‐dwelling relict biotas constitute a singular component of European biodiversity of high conservation value, we still largely ignore their biogeographic history. In this study, we investigate the geographical diversification of the Maghrebian‐Levantine crested grasshopper and its colonization of semiarid habitats of southeastern Iberia to gain insights into the historical processes underlying the biogeographic connections between northern African and southern European arid‐dwelling faunas.LocationMediterranean region.TaxonCrested grasshoppers Dericorys millierei and Dericorys carthagonovae (Orthoptera: Dericorythidae).MethodsWe used genomic data (ddRAD‐seq) to quantify the genetic structure of populations, infer the phylogenetic relationships among them, estimate divergence times, and elucidate the demographic processes accompanying the colonization of southeastern Iberia. Genomic‐based inferences were interpreted in the light of eustatic sea‐level reconstructions and species’ range dynamics derived from palaeodistribution modelling at fine temporal resolution.ResultsClustering analyses showed a strong genetic structure and phylogenomic inference revealed that Iberian populations are nested within a Maghrebian clade. Molecular dating analyses indicated that all lineages diverged during the Pleistocene (<1.6 Ma), with point estimates coinciding with glacial periods and the accompanying sea level drops. According to palaeodistribution modelling, the species experienced severe range contractions during the coldest stages of the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that the colonization of the Iberian Peninsula likely took place during the marked sea level drops characterizing the high‐amplitude climatic oscillations of the late Quaternary (<0.5 Ma), which considerably reduced overseas distances between northern African and southern European landmasses and might have eased transmarine exchanges of terrestrial faunas. These findings emphasize the high relevance of the Maghreb region as a source of European thermophilous biotas and corroborate post‐Messinian biogeographic connections between the two continents despite the barrier effect of the Mediterranean Sea.
A comparative study of efficacy and safety of autologous fat grafting versus Platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of post‐acne scars
Authors: Shetty Vinma H. , Bhandary Sanath N. , Bhandary Roopa , Suvarna Chintaman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma is a useful adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acne scars. Fat is as ideal soft tissue filler.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of subcision with autologous fat grafting versus subcision with intradermal Platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of acne scars.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were divided into two groups with 12 patients each. One group subjected to single session of subcision with autologous fat grafting. Second group treated with subcision followed by intradermal Platelet‐rich plasma monthly once for 3 months. High resolution digital photographs taken before and after every session. Single blinded physician assessment was also done.ResultsIn quantitative acne scar assessment scoring, both group of patients showed significant percentage of improvement in acne scars, 61.23 ± 9.48% in patients treated with subcision followed by autologous fat grafting and 44.16 ± 7.28% in patients treated with subcision followed by intradermal PRP. At the time of enrolment, 33.3% (n = 8) of patients had Grade A (milder) scarring, 50% (n = 12) had Grade B (moderate) scarring while 16.7% (n = 4) had Grade C (severe) scarring. After the completion of the treatment, it was found that 75% (n = 18) of patients were in Grade A while 20.8% (n = 5) of patients were in Grade B (p < 0.05; significant).ConclusionBoth the treatment modalities, i.e., autologous fat grafting and intradermal PRP were effective and safe for the treatment of acne scars and results in each group was significant (p < 0.001). But there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups (p = 0.23).
Bioremediation of a polymetallic, arsenic-dominated reverse osmosis reject stream
Authors: Staicu L.C. , Wόjtowicz P.J. , Baragaño D. , Pόsfai M. , Molnár Z. , Ruiz-Agudo E. , Gallego J.L.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The treatment of metal-laden industrial effluents by reverse osmosis is gaining in popularity worldwide due to its high performance. However, this process generates a polymetallic concentrate (retentate) stream in need of efficient post-treatment prior to environmental discharge. This paper presents results on the bioremediation (in batch mode) of a metal-laden, arsenic-dominated retentate using Shewanella sp. O23S as inoculum. The incubation of the retentate for 14 days under anoxic conditions resulted in the following removal yields: As (8%), Co (11%), Mo (3%), Se (62%), Sb (30%) and Zn (40%). The addition of 1 mmol l−1 cysteine increased the removal rate as follows: As (27%), Co (80%), Mo (78%), Se (88%), Sb (83%) and Zn (90%). The contribution of cysteine as a source of H2S to enhancing the removal yield was confirmed by its addition after 7 days of incubations initially lacking it. Additionally, the cysteine-sourced H2S was confirmed by its capture onto headspace-mounted Pb-acetate test strips that were analysed by X-ray diffraction. We show that real metal-laden industrial effluents can be treated to medium-to-high efficiency using a biological system (naturally sourced inocula) and inexpensive reagents (yeast extract, lactate and cysteine).
Shigella flexnerisubverts host polarized exocytosis to enhance cell‐to‐cell spread
Authors: Herath Thilina U. B. , Roy Arpita , Gianfelice Antonella , Ireton Keith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShigella flexneriis a gram‐negative bacterial pathogen that causes dysentery. Critical for disease is the ability ofShigellato use an actin‐based motility (ABM) process to spread between cells of the colonic epithelium. ABM transports bacteria to the periphery of host cells, allowing the formation of plasma membrane protrusions that mediate spread to adjacent cells. Here we demonstrate that efficient protrusion formation and cell‐to‐cell spread ofShigellainvolves bacterial stimulation of host polarized exocytosis. Using an exocytic probe, we found that exocytosis is locally upregulated in bacterial protrusions in a manner that depends on theShigellatype III secretion system. Experiments involving RNA interference (RNAi) indicate that efficient bacterial protrusion formation and spread require the exocyst, a mammalian multi‐protein complex known to mediate polarized exocytosis. In addition, the exocyst component Exo70 and the exocyst regulator RalA were recruited toShigellaprotrusions, suggesting that bacteria manipulate exocyst function. Importantly, RNAi‐mediated depletion of exocyst proteins or RalA reduced the frequency of protrusion formation and also the lengths of protrusions, demonstrating that the exocyst controls both the initiation and elongation of protrusions. Collectively, our results reveal thatShigellaco‐opts the exocyst complex to disseminate efficiently in host cell monolayers.
Rosmarinic Acid: A Naturally Occurring Plant Based Agent Prevents Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis in Ultraviolet‐B‐Irradiated Human Skin Cells
Authors: Gupta Divya , Archoo Sajida , Naikoo Shahid Hussain , Abdullah Sheikh Tasduq 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the leading cause of premature skin aging and skin cancer. UVB mediated mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as one of the causative factors of UVB induced oxidative imbalance and apoptosis. Here, we report that UVB leads to mitochondrial fragmentation by causing imbalance in the markers regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which further contributes to ROS imbalance and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signals. Several studies have demonstrated natural products as inhibitors of mitochondrial fission. However, to our knowledge, not much evidence has been gathered regarding utilization of Rosmarinic acid (RA) against UVB orchestrated mitochondrial fragmentation responses. Thus, in our study, we present the evidence of the efficacy of RA as a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics in UVB irradiated skin cells to prevent oxidative imbalance and apoptosis thereby preventing UVB induced photodamage.
The historical postulate is not the basis of self‐nonself discrimination: A response to Bretscher's proposal
Authors: Anderson Colin C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeter Bretscher was the first to envision that the problem of self‐nonself discrimination in the adaptive immune system could be solved by positing that antigen inactivates single lymphocytes, whereas antigen‐mediated lymphocyte cooperation is required to stimulate their activation. These ideas led to a two‐signal model for lymphocyte activation: an antigen‐specific signal that when generated alone results in tolerance and the combination of two (or more) antigen‐specific signals resulting in lymphocyte activation and immunity. This 'quorum model' is consistent with the concept known as the historical postulate that posits that the early life timing of antigen exposure is the key to self‐tolerance. Bretscher proposes that the historical postulate is ‘the basis, at level of the system, for self‐nonself discrimination’ and contends that the Danger model violates this postulate. Herein I argue that the data do not support putting the historical postulate alone at the top of the hierarchy of concepts underlying self‐nonself discrimination. The location of antigen is at least as important because it determines whether central tolerance will be engaged. Location of antigen together with timing of antigen exposure are major factors determining whether quorum, the basis for self‐nonself discrimination, is achieved.
Minimally invasive cranial ostectomy for the treatment of impinging dorsal spinous processes in 102 standing horses
Authors: de Souza Therese C. , Crowe Oliver M. , Bowles Danielle , Poore Luke A. , Suthers Joanna M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a minimally invasive cranial ostectomy for the treatment of impingement of dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) in the standing horse.Study DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsOne hundred two horses with impinging DSPs.MethodsThe case records of all horses that had the described technique between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed. All sites of impinging DSPs were treated under standing sedation and local anesthesia. The minimally invasive cranial ostectomy of the caudal DSP was performed with bone rongeurs through multiple small incisions.ResultsOf the 102 horses treated with this technique, no surgical complications were recorded. Median (range) long‐term follow‐up for all horses was 18 months (12–50 months) postoperatively. Of the 66 horses available for follow‐up that were still alive, 53 horses (80%) had complete resolution of clinical signs and returned to the intended work. There were 36 horses with a concurrent orthopedic issue presurgery, and 25/36 (69%) returned to the same level of intended work; of the horses with no evidence of another orthopedic issue presurgery, 28/30 (93%) returned to the same level of intended work.ConclusionMinimally invasive cranial ostectomy of the caudal DSP had a good success rate in horses with impingment of DSPs.Clinical SignificanceThe described minimally invasive ostectomy technique in standing horses is a low‐risk procedure that provides success rates similar to other techniques.
Transitioning Concussion Care to Mental Health Care: A Case Study of an Elite Athlete
Authors: Sherry Natalie S. , Feder Abigail , Pan Raymond , Eagle Shawn R. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: October 2021

Athletes with recent concussion experience a constellation of physical (e.g., headache, nausea), cognitive (e.g., memory problems, difficulty concentrating), sleep, and emotional (e.g., anxiety, depressed mood) symptoms after injury. Mental health changes may also be a product of typical maturation in adolescents/young adults, making mood disruption difficult to disentangle from concussion sequelae. In this case study, we present the case of a high-achieving 18-year-old female rower whose concussion clinical trajectory exhibits this type of difficulty. Specifically, we provide a detailed chronological summary of the athlete’s visits with a multidisciplinary concussion team. We highlight in this case study (a) an individualized, biopsychosocial model of concussion care and (b) subtle aspects of her clinical presentation that led the clinical team to transition her treatment focus from concussion specific to formal mental health care.