bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of immersed tunnel settlement under complex load and multiple kinds of compound foundations
Authors: Fu Bai-Yong , Song Shen-You 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The silt typed soil thickness is up to 3~18m laying at bottom of foundation trench of ramp section at west island of SZ-Link and the surface silt is of extremely low strength subject to the influence of sand disturbance. The island cut and cover section tunnel foundation is improved with PHC and the settlement is relatively small. To accommodate the coordinated deformation of the immersed tunnel the soft foundation of the tunnel needs special treatment. Through options comparison and selection, the solution for foundation of tunnel element E1 is advance gravel cushion and compacted blocky stone layer and DCM outside the island and high pressurized jet grouting pile in the island. To accurately analyze the settlement characteristics of the element E1, determine its settlement amount and to achieve smooth rigidity transition of immersion tunnel and cut and cover section the settlement analysis of element E1 under complex loads and multiple kinds of foundations were carried out in combination with testing researches of all kinds of foundations. The primary research work comprises: (1) conduction of laboratory model experiment of gravel cushion, blocky stone compaction experiment, DCM laboratory triaxial test and provision of deformation computation parameters for given different foundation improvement solutions; (2) conduction of 3D finite element numerical analysis for element E1, analysis of immersed tunnel settlement deformation characteristics and provision of the law of E1 settlement distribution.
Test Research on Toughness Evaluation of Long-span Bridge Welded Joint
Authors: Wu Changqing , Yu Qiming , Zhu Botao , Ling Huangyi , Zheng Jiaqi , He Shanqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the inherent unavoidable defects of welded joints, a CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) test was carried out on the E43 steel weld specimen under the fatigue state. The research results provide experimental and calculation basis for the use of bridge steel. In this paper, a CTOD fatigue pre-crack test study was carried out on the welded joint of E43 steel.
Organization and Management System Innovation of BIM Life Cycle Management
Authors: Dan Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the entire life cycle of rail transit projects, many participants, complex types of information, diverse forms and large quantity make poor information communication and serious information loss in the management process, which greatly restricts the improvement of project management level and management efficiency. Taking the information management of rail transit project as the research object, carrying out information analysis and BIM application research in all stages of project construction, this paper puts forward the framework system of information management for the whole life cycle of rail transit project based on BIM, realizes the effective communication of information in the whole life cycle of rail transit project, and provides theoretical support for the whole life cycle information management.
Bio-instructive hydrogel expands the paracrine potency of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Drzeniek Norman M , Mazzocchi Andrea , Schlickeiser Stephan , Forsythe Steven D , Moll Guido , Geißler Sven , Reinke Petra , Gossen Manfred , Gorantla Vijay S , Volk Hans-Dieter , Soker Shay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of clinically applied mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is limited due to their injection into harsh in vivo environments, resulting in the significant loss of their secretory function upon transplantation. A potential strategy for preserving their full therapeutic potential is encapsulation of MSCs in a specialized protective microenvironment, for example hydrogels. However, commonly used injectable hydrogels for cell delivery fail to provide the bio-instructive cues needed to sustain and stimulate cellular therapeutic functions. Here we introduce a customizable collagen I-hyaluronic acid (COL-HA)-based hydrogel platform for the encapsulation of MSCs. Cells encapsulated within COL-HA showed a significant expansion of their secretory profile compared to MSCs cultured in standard (2D) cell culture dishes or encapsulated in other hydrogels. Functionalization of the COL-HA backbone with thiol-modified glycoproteins such as laminin led to further changes in the paracrine profile of MSCs. In depth profiling of more than 250 proteins revealed an expanded secretion profile of proangiogenic, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory paracrine factors in COL-HA-encapsulated MSCs with a predicted augmented pro-angiogenic potential. This was confirmed by increased capillary network formation of endothelial cells stimulated by conditioned media from COL-HA-encapsulated MSCs. Our findings suggest that encapsulation of therapeutic cells in a protective COL-HA hydrogel layer provides the necessary bio-instructive cues to maintain and direct their therapeutic potential. Our customizable hydrogel combines bioactivity and clinically applicable properties such as injectability, on-demand polymerization and tissue-specific elasticity, all features that will support and improve the ability to successfully deliver functional MSCs into patients.
Microstructure evolution and fire-resistant properties of 690 MPa anti-seismic fire-resistant steel plate
Authors: Lu Chunxiang , Lin Tianzi , Cao Jianchun , Yin Shubiao , Gao Peng , Liu Xing , Zhan Fang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this precent study, microstructure evolution of a newly developed 690 MPa composite microalloyed anti-seismic fire-resistant steel plate after quenching at 740 °C , quenching at 740 °C + tempering at 400 °C were studied and the fire resistance mechanism was analyzed. Experimental results show that the microstructure of hot rolled state of the tested steel is lath martensite, acicular ferrite, bainite and M/A island. After quenching at 740 °C, the microstructure of steel was composed of lath martensite, polygonal ferrite and retained austenite. The mixed microstructure of tempered troostite + bainite + a small amount of M/A island was obtained after quenching at 740 °C + tempering at 400 °C , it transforms into tempered sorbite + bainite after holding at 600 °C for 3h. A great number of fine carbides containing Mo, Nb, V and Ti precipitate at 600 °C of the quenched + tempered state of tested steel. The mixed microstructure and fine composite carbides make the quenched +tempered steel have excellent fire resistance.
Diemer and Swanson Reply to “Considerations Before Using Pandemic as Instrument”
Authors: Diemer Elizabeth W , Swanson Sonja A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDimitris and Platt (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(11):2275-2279) take on the challenging topic of using “shocks” such as the severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic as instrumental variables to study the effect of some exposure on some outcome. Evoking our recent lived experiences, they conclude that the assumptions necessary for an instrumental variable analysis will often be violated and therefore strongly caution against such analyses. Here, we build upon this warranted caution while acknowledging that such analyses will still be pursued and conducted. We discuss strategies for evaluating or reasoning about when such an analysis is clearly inappropriate for a given research question, as well as strategies for interpreting study findings with special attention to incorporating plausible sources of bias in any conclusions drawn from a given finding.
“Translating” All-Cause Mortality Rate Ratios or Hazard Ratios to Age-, Longevity-, and Probability-Based Measures
Authors: Pang Menglan , Hanley James A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Epidemiologists commonly use an adjusted hazard ratio or incidence density ratio, or a standardized mortality ratio, to measure a difference in all-cause mortality rates. They seldom translate it into an age-, time-, or probability-based measure that would be easier to communicate and to relate to. Several articles have shown how to translate from a standardized mortality ratio or hazard ratio to a longevity difference, a difference in actuarial ages, or a probability of being outlived. In this paper, we describe the settings where these translations are and are not appropriate and provide some of the heuristics behind the formulae. The tools that yield differences in “effective age” and in longevity are applicable when both 1) the mortality rate ratio (hazard ratio) is constant over age and 2) the rates themselves are log-linear in age. The “probability/odds of being outlived” metric is applicable whenever the first condition holds, and thus it provides no direct information on the magnitude of the effective age/longevity difference.
Covered by a blanket of lichens: how mat-forming lichens affect microclimate and ecological processes. A commentary on: ‘Lichens buffer tundra microclimate more than the expanding shrubBetula nana’
Authors: Roos Ruben E , Asplund Johan , van Zuijlen Kristel 
Published: June 2021

This article comments on:Max Mallen-Cooper, Bente J. Graae and Will K. Cornwell. Lichens buffer tundra microclimate more than the expanding shrub Betula nana, Annals of Botany, Volume 128, Issue 4, 3 September 2021, Pages 407–418, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab041
From Knightian to Keynesian uncertainty: contextualising Ellsberg’s ambiguity
Authors: Zappia Carlo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that Daniel Ellsberg regarded the urn examples and conception of ambiguity presented in his famous 1961 paper as merely a step towards the analysis of more fundamental forms of uncertainty. Drawing on what is known about Ellsberg’s activities during the 1950s and early 1960s, it is shown that, after starting his project as one of reviving Frank Knight’s ideas about uncertainty, Ellsberg went on to realise that his position was in fact rather closer to that of John Maynard Keynes in his A Treatise on Probability. Furthermore, it is shown that formerly classified research Ellsberg undertook in the early 1960s also reveals an abiding influence in fundamental uncertainty.
Tragic Form in Kamila Shamsie’sHome Fire
Authors: Weiss Naomi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines Kamila Shamsie’s adaptation of Sophocles’ Antigone in Home Fire (2017), a novel focused on Muslim identity, Islamophobia, and citizenship rights in contemporary Britain. It demonstrates that this novel is a multimedia work full of theatrical traces: a literary archive that preserves the dramatic quality of Sophocles’ play but also encompasses multiple other forms of media and performance, from theatre and television to social media. The article focuses not so much on how Shamsie has adapted the plot of Antigone but on her reworking of tragedy’s formal features or structures, such as dialogue, the chorus, and the messenger speech. In this polyphonic novel, such multimedia theatricality facilitates something that Greek tragedy itself produces: a contestation of multiple voices for audiences to hear, critique, and put against their own. Shamsie’s manipulation of tragic form thus contributes to Home Fire’s political import.
The Political Odyssey of Reinhold Schairer, 1933–1955
Authors: Richardson Malcolm L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drawing upon archives in three countries, this article examines the career in exile of the German educator and statesman Reinhold Schairer and seeks to explain the importance of his work for the German resistance to Hitler. For a brief but crucial period before the outbreak of the Second World War, Schairer served as the principal external representative for Carl Goerdeler and became—sometimes with adverse consequences—his principal interlocutor with the British and American governments. As this article shows, Schairer’s failure to question many of the assumptions and statements made by his sources led to a rupture with his British backers and helped reinforce British doubts about the effectiveness of any internal opposition to Hitler. Although unsuccessful as a political leader, and perhaps ill-suited for such a role, Reinhold Schairer made genuine contributions to postwar planning. With extensive support from the Rockefeller Foundation and leading American educators, Schairer helped prepare the strong foundations for postwar exchange programmes in Germany and the United States and played an important role in the reconstruction of postwar German educational and philanthropic institutions. A critical examination of Schairer’s career sheds important new light on the failure of the German resistance to garner external support at crucial junctures before and just after the outbreak of war, while at the same time this study helps connect the work of political exiles such as Schairer with the development of new institutions in the Federal Republic.
Interbatch Reliability of Blood-Based Cytokine and Chemokine Measurements in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lindbergh Cutter A , Asken Breton M , Casaletto Kaitlin B , Elahi Fanny M , Goldberger Lauren A , Fonseca Corrina , You Michelle , Apple Alexandra C , Staffaroni Adam M , Fitch Ryan , Rivera Contreras Will , Wang Paul , Karydas Anna , Kramer Joel H ,   the Hillblom Aging Network
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Blood-based inflammatory markers hold considerable promise for diagnosis and prognostication of age-related neurodegenerative disease, though a paucity of research has empirically tested how reliably they can be measured across different experimental runs (“batches”). We quantified the interbatch reliability of 13 cytokines and chemokines in a cross-sectional study of 92 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 74; 48% female). Plasma aliquots from the same blood draw were parallelly processed in 2 separate batches using the same analytic platform and procedures (high-performance electrochemiluminescence by Meso Scale Discovery). Interbatch correlations (Pearson’s r) ranged from small and nonsignificant (r = .13 for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [MIP-1α]) to very large (r &gt; .90 for interferon gamma [IFNγ], interleukin-10 [IL-10], interferon gamma-induced protein 10 [IP-10], MIP-1β, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine [TARC]) with most markers falling somewhere in between (.67 ≤ r ≤ .90 for IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], MCP-4, macrophage-derived chemokine [MDC]). All markers, except for IL-6 and MCP-4, showed significant differences in absolute values between batches, with discrepancies ranging in effect size (Cohen’s d) from small to moderate (0.2 ≤ |d| ≤ 0.5 for IL-10, IP-10, MDC) to large or very large (0.68 ≤ |d| ≤ 1.5 for IFNγ, TNF-α, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC). Relatively consistent associations with external variables of interest (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cognition) were observed across batches. Taken together, our results suggest heterogeneity in measurement reliability of blood-based cytokines and chemokines, with some analytes outperforming others. Future work is needed to evaluate the generalizability of these findings while identifying potential sources of batch effect measurement error.
Volunteering Dynamics and Life Satisfaction: Self-Perceptions of Aging as a Buffer
Authors: Huo Meng , Kim Kyungmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesResearch has extensively documented the concurrent benefits of being a volunteer (vs a nonvolunteer), but little is known about older adults who once served as a volunteer but then stopped at some point in their lives (i.e., former volunteers). The current study tracked changes in older adults’ overall life satisfaction and compared these changes among former volunteers, continuous volunteers, and continuous nonvolunteers. We also examined whether self-perceptions of aging may serve as a long-term psychological buffer and protect former volunteers’ life satisfaction after they quit volunteering.MethodData were from the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2016). A pooled sample of participants aged 50+ (N = 10,441) indicated volunteer behaviors every other year, and we identified volunteering dynamics based on their volunteering history across 4 waves (8 years). Participants reported on self-perceptions of aging and life satisfaction in the Leave Behind Questionnaire once every 4 years.ResultsContinuous volunteers reported greater subsequent life satisfaction than former volunteers and continuous nonvolunteers 4 years later, when we adjusted for their baseline life satisfaction. Yet, the difference between continuous volunteers and former volunteers was absent among participants with more positive self-perceptions of aging.DiscussionThis study reveals a potential discontinuity in the benefits of volunteering as older adults transition out of their volunteer activities. Findings, however, also reveal individual differences by self-perceptions of aging, offering suggestive evidence that may refine interventions to prolong the benefits of volunteering.
Purpose in Life, Loneliness, and Protective Health Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kang Yoona , Cosme Danielle , Pei Rui , Pandey Prateekshit , Carreras-Tartak José , Falk Emily B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Social distancing, while effective in slowing the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can increase social isolation. The current preregistered study examined purpose in life as a psychological resource that may buffer against loneliness and increase intentions to engage in health-protective behaviors.

Research Design and Methods
During the COVID-19 pandemic, 517 adults (mean = 37.71, SD = 11.30; range = 19–73) reported their levels of purpose in life, current and prepandemic levels of loneliness, and degrees to which they intended to engage in behaviors known to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Results
Across age, having a stronger sense of purpose in life was associated with lower loneliness, as well as greater intentions to engage in COVID-protective behaviors. Higher loneliness was associated with lower intentions to maintain social distance and engage in additional health promotion behaviors such as handwashing. However, this link was not present at higher levels of purpose in life. Older age was also associated with less loneliness, but not for individuals with lower levels of purpose in life.

Discussion and Implications
Results suggest that psychological resources such as purpose in life are associated with increased protective health behaviors. Furthermore, purpose in life may reduce loneliness and counteract the negative effects of stressors that diminish the willingness to engage in health-protective behaviors. Our data also highlight resilience among older individuals in times of isolation during a global pandemic.
Explaining the large variability in empirical relationships between magnetic pore fabrics and pore space properties
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R , Pugnetti Michele , Zhou Yi 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYThe magnetic anisotropy exhibited by ferrofluid-impregnated samples serves as a proxy for their pore fabrics, and is therefore known as magnetic pore fabric (MPF). Empirically, the orientation of the maximum susceptibility indicates the average pore elongation direction, and predicts the preferred flow direction. Further, correlations exist between the degree and shape of magnetic anisotropy and the pores’ axial ratio and shape, and between the degrees of magnetic and permeability anisotropies. Despite its potential, the method has been rarely used, likely because the large variability in reported empirical relationships compromises interpretation. Recent work identified an additional contribution of distribution anisotropy, related to the arrangement of the pores, and a strong dependence of anisotropy parameters on the ferrofluid type and concentration, partly explaining the variability. Here, an additional effect is shown; the effective susceptibility of the ferrofluid depends on the measurement frequency, so that the resulting anisotropy depends on measurement conditions. Using synthetic samples with known void geometry and ferrofluids with known susceptibility (4.04 SI and 1.38 SI for EMG705 and EMG909, respectively), magnetic measurements at frequencies from 500 to 512 kHz are compared to numerical predictions. Measurements show a strong frequency-dependence, especially for EMG705, leading to large discrepancies between measured and calculated anisotropy degrees. We also observe artefacts related to the interaction of ferrofluid with its seal, and the aggregation of particles over time. The results presented here provide the basis for a robust and quantitative interpretation of MPFs in future studies, and allow for re-interpretation of previous results provided that the ferrofluid properties and measurement conditions are known. We recommend that experimental settings are selected to ensure a high intrinsic susceptibility of the fluid, and that the effective susceptibility of the fluid at measurement conditions is reported in future studies.
Implementation of an animated medication information tool in community pharmacies, with a special focus on patients with limited health literacy
Authors: Visscher Boudewijn B , Vervloet Marcia , te Paske Roland , van Dijk Liset , Heerdink Eibert R , Rademakers Jany 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The animated medication information tool ‘Watchyourmeds’ provides information in an accessible manner through animated videos and therefore appears to be especially suitable for people with limited health literacy. This study aimed to assess the implementation of this animated medication information tool in Dutch community pharmacies, with a special focus on patients with limited health literacy.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was sent to approximately 75% of the ±1900 community pharmacies in the Netherlands through email newsletters of pharmacy networks.

Key findings
140 pharmacists (⁓10%) completed the survey and 125 of them (89%) indicated that they offered the animated medication information tool to their patients. 108 pharmacists indicated that the tool was offered to all patients, not only to patients with limited health literacy. The distribution method was primarily passive (patients were given a leaflet and were not explicitly pointed to or informed about the tool). Two frequently cited motivations for offering the tool were that it complemented other sources of information and that the health insurer provided a financial incentive. The main reasons patients refused to use the tool were that they had no access to or no affinity for the required technology.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the tool is used in community pharmacies and that it is offered to all patients, regardless of their presumed health literacy level. A more active method of offering the tool may be warranted to better reach patients with limited health literacy.
Snaking bifurcations of localized patterns on ring lattices
Authors: Tian Moyi , Bramburger Jason J , Sandstede Björn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the structure of stationary patterns in bistable lattice dynamical systems posed on rings with a symmetric coupling structure in the regime of small coupling strength. We show that sparse coupling (for instance, nearest-neighbour or next-nearest-neighbour coupling) and all-to-all coupling lead to significantly different solution branches. In particular, sparse coupling leads to snaking branches with many saddle-node bifurcations, while all-to-all coupling leads to branches with six saddle nodes, regardless of the size of the number of nodes in the graph.