bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity for morphological traits, flowering time and leaf isoflavone content among ecotypes of
Authors: Enkhbat Gereltsetseg , Nichols Phillip G. H. , Foster Kevin J. , Ryan Megan H. , Inukai Yoshiaki , Erskine William 
Published: December 2021

Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. yanninicum is a pasture legume that is widely grown in medium and high rainfall areas of southern Australia and shows waterlogging tolerance. This study investigated diversity within subsp. yanninicum corresponding to eco-geographic variables, which may help to identify adapted parents with new traits for genetic improvement. Diversity for 10 morphological traits, flowering time and leaf isoflavone content was investigated using 108 ecotypes derived from wild Mediterranean populations and 10 cultivars, grown as spaced plants. Among the ecotypes, the range of flowering time was 94–149 days after sowing, and contents of formononetin, genistein and biochanin A were 0.05–1.38%, 0.73–2.33% and 0.15–2.10% of dry matter, respectively. Leaf markings also varied considerably. Leaf size and petiole length were correlated at each growth stage. Later flowering genotypes had larger leaves, longer petioles, longer internodes and thicker stems at flowering, but smaller leaves and shorter petioles at both 63 and 88 days after sowing. Contents of genistein and biochanin A were unrelated, but both were negatively associated with formononetin. Flowering time had a weak positive influence on genistein and biochanin A, but a weak negative influence on formononetin. All traits among the ecotypes (except stem diameter and leaf mark crescent size) were significantly correlated with at least one of 22 eco-geographic variables from their collection sites. Precipitation and altitude were more influential than temperature. The study found sufficient diversity to broaden the narrow genetic base of current subsp. yanninicum cultivars; however, other agronomically important traits also need to be considered. Further diversity may result from targeted collection, particularly in areas not represented in annual legume genebanks.
Topological liquid crystal superstructures as structured light lasers
Authors: Papič Miha , Mur Urban , Zuhail Kottoli Poyil , Ravnik Miha , Muševič Igor , Humar Matjaž 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceLiquid crystals (LCs) are used in a number of optical devices including lasers. However, until now, only relatively simple LC structures have been employed inside laser cavities. LCs enable the self-assembly of extremely complex birefringent structures, which would be impossible to manufacture in any other way. LC molecules also orient the emission dipoles of the dye, delivering efficient gain only to modes with the desired polarization. Further, due to sensitivity of the LCs to external stimuli, they enable large tunability. This study provides experimental and simulation insights into coupling of light with the complex LC topological superstructures inside a laser cavity, realizing nontrivial intensity and polarization of the generated structured light.
Utilising design principles to improve the perception and effectiveness of public health infographics
Authors: Baxter Matthew , Lonsdale Maria dos Santos , Westland Stephen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfographics are becoming a common tool in the communication of public-health information. However, research-based resources in how to create effective infographics are rare. The application of design principles in the creation of infographics has been shown to more effectively communicate information. Here, the research explores the adherence of 84 research-based infographic design principles on 3 designs of varying levels of application. A multi-method approach, including eye-tracking, was used to record information location efficiency, memorability and user perception. Support was found in favour of utilising design principles in the creation of public health infographics; resulting in improved user opinion and information location.
Finding pythons in unexpected places
Authors: Engelhardt Netta , Penington Geoff , Shahbazi-Moghaddam Arvin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We argue that novel (highly nonclassical) quantum extremal surfaces (QESs) play a crucial role in reconstructing the black hole interior even for isolated, single-sided, non-evaporating black holes (i.e. with no auxiliary reservoir). Specifically, any code subspace where interior outgoing modes can be excited will have a QES in its maximally mixed state. We argue that as a result, reconstruction of interior outgoing modes is always exponentially complex. Our construction provides evidence in favor of a strong python’s lunch proposal: that nonminimal QESs are the exclusive source of exponential complexity in the holographic dictionary. We also comment on the relevance of these QESs to the geometrization of state dependence in the typicality arguments for firewalls.
Shadow and deflection angle of charged rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Atamurotov Farruh , Papnoi Uma , Jusufi Kimet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We analysed the shadow cast by charged rotating black hole (BH) in presence of perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). We studied the null geodesic equations and obtained the shadow of the charged rotating BH to see the effects of PFDM parameter γ, charge Q and rotation parameter a, and it is noticed that the size as well as the shape of BH shadow is affected due to PFDM parameter, charge and rotation parameter. Thus, it is seen that the presence of dark matter around a BH affects its spacetime. We also investigated the influence of all the parameters (PFDM parameter γ, BHs charge Q and rotational parameter a) on effective potential, energy emission by graphical representation, and compare all the results with the non rotating case in usual general relativity. To this end, we have also explored the effect of PFDM on the deflection angle and the size of Einstein rings.
Influence of geometry on positron binding to molecules
Authors: Danielson J R , Ghosh S , Surko C M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Annihilation studies have established that positrons bind to most molecules. They also provide measurements of the positron-molecule binding energies, which are found to vary widely and depend upon molecular size and composition. Trends of binding energy with global parameters such as molecular polarizability and dipole moment have been discussed previously. In this paper, the dependence of binding energy on molecular geometry is investigated by studying resonant positron annihilation on selected pairs of isomers. It is found that molecular geometry can play a significant role in determining the binding energies even for isomers with very similar polarizabilities and dipole moments. The possible origins of this dependence are discussed.
A confined carbon dot-based self-calibrated fluorescence probe for visible and highly sensitive moisture readouts
Authors: Ding Zhong-Zheng , Zheng Guang-Song , Lou Qing , Han Jiang-Fan , Wu Meng-Yuan , Shen Cheng-Long , Zang Jin-Hao , Liu Kai-Kai , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Excellent luminescent materials are essential for high-performance fluorescent nanosensors. Here, a new-type of self-calibrated humidity sensor is established through monitoring the fluorescent color change of carbon dots (CDs) confined in sodium hydroxide (CDs@NaOH). The CDs are prepared by a facile and rapid microwave-assisted heating method using citric acid, urea, and NaOH as precursors. The confinement effect from the NaOH reduces the nonradiative transition and suppresses the aggregation-induced quenching of the CDs in the solid. Compared with other sensors based on CD fluorescent visualization, the sensor has good linearity and a wide humidity-detection range from 6.9% to 95.4%. With the increased relative humidity, the fluorescence color of the sensor changes from green to blue. The proposed sensing mechanism is due to the breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds and proton transfer occurring at the CD-NaOH matrix interfaces. These findings suggest a potential role for the spatial confinement effect and may provide an avenue for developing highly sensitive humidity readouts.
Improvement of crystal quality and surface morphology of Ge/Gd2O3/Si(111) epitaxial layers by cyclic annealing and regrowth
Authors: Nanwani Alisha , Pokharia Ravindra Singh , Schmidt Jan , Osten H J , Mahapatra Suddhasatta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The role of post-growth cyclic annealing (PGCA) and subsequent regrowth, on the improvement of crystal quality and surface morphology of (111)-oriented Ge epitaxial layers, grown by low temperature (300 °C) molecular beam epitaxy on epi-Gd2O3/Si(111) substrates, is reported. We demonstrate that PGCA is efficient in suppressing rotational twins, reflection microtwins and stacking faults, the predominant planar defect types in Ge(111) epilayers. Continuing Ge growth after PGCA, both at low (300 °C) and high (500 °C) temperatures, does not degrade the crystal quality any further. By promoting adatom down-climb, PGCA is observed to also heal the surface morphology, which is further improved on Ge re-growth. These results are promising for development of high-quality Ge(111) epitaxial layers for photonic and electronic applications.
Morphological fluctuations of individual mitochondria in living cells
Authors: Fernández Casafuz Agustina B , De Rossi María Cecilia , Bruno Luciana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Uncovering the link between mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, positioning and function is challenging. Mitochondria are very flexible organelles that are subject to tension and compression within cells. Recent findings highlighted the importance of these mechanical aspects in the regulation of mitochondria dynamics, arising the question on which are the processes and mechanisms involved in their shape remodeling. In this work we explored in detail the morphological changes and spatio-temporal fluctuations of these organelles in living Xenopus laevis melanophores, a well-characterized cellular model. We developed an automatic method for the classification of mitochondria shapes based on the analysis of the curvature of the contour shape from confocal microscopy images. A persistence length of 2.1 μm was measured, quantifying, for the first time, the bending plasticity of mitochondria in their cellular environment. The shape evolution at the single organelle level was followed during a few minutes revealing that mitochondria can bend and unbend in the seconds timescale. Furthermore, the inspection of confocal movies simultaneously registering fluorescent mitochondria and microtubules suggests that the cytoskeleton network architecture and dynamics play a significant role in mitochondria shape remodeling and fluctuations. For instance changes from sinuous to elongated organelles related to transitions from confined behavior to fast directed motion along microtubule tracks were observed.
First demonstration of robust tri-gate β-Ga2O3 nano-membrane field-effect transistors
Authors: Bae Hagyoul , Park Tae Joon , Noh Jinhyun , Chung Wonil , Si Mengwei , Ramanathan Shriram , Ye Peide D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nano-membrane tri-gate β-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) field-effect transistors (FETs) on SiO2/Si substrate fabricated via exfoliation have been demonstrated for the first time. By employing electron beam lithography, the minimum-sized features can be defined with the footprint channel width of 50 nm. For high-quality interface between β-Ga2O3 and gate dielectric, atomic layer-deposited 15 nm thick aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was utilized with tri-methyl-aluminum (TMA) self-cleaning surface treatment. The fabricated devices demonstrate extremely low subthreshold slope (SS) of 61 mV dec−1, high drain current (I
DS) ON/OFF ratio of 1.5 × 109, and negligible transfer characteristic hysteresis. We also experimentally demonstrated robustness of these devices with current–voltage (I–V) characteristics measured at temperatures up to 400 °C.
Surface acoustic wave controlled skyrmion-based synapse devices
Authors: Chen Chao , Lin Tao , Niu Jianteng , Sun Yiming , Yang Liu , Kang Wang , Lei Na 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions, which are particle-like spin structures, are promising information carriers for neuromorphic computing devices due to their topological stability and nanoscale size. In this work, we propose controlling magnetic skyrmions by electric-field-excited surface acoustic waves in neuromorphic computing device structures. Our micromagnetic simulations show that the number of created skyrmions, which emulates the synaptic weight parameter, increases monotonically with increases in the amplitude of the surface acoustic waves. Additionally, the efficiency of skyrmion creation is investigated systemically with a wide range of magnetic parameters, and the optimal values are presented accordingly. Finally, the functionalities of short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation are demonstrated via skyrmion excitation by a sequence of surface acoustic waves with different intervals. The application of surface acoustic waves in skyrmionic neuromorphic computing devices paves a novel approach to low-power computing systems.
Exploring extreme magnetization phenomena in directly driven imploding cylindrical targets
Authors: Walsh C A , Florido R , Bailly-Grandvaux M , Suzuki-Vidal F , Chittenden J P , Crilly A J , Gigosos M A , Mancini R C , Pérez-Callejo G , Vlachos C , McGuffey C , Beg F N , Santos J J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper uses extended-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations to explore an extreme magnetized plasma regime realizable by cylindrical implosions on the OMEGA laser facility. This regime is characterized by highly compressed magnetic fields (greater than 10 kT across the fuel), which contain a significant proportion of the implosion energy and induce large electrical currents in the plasma. Parameters governing the different magnetization processes such as Ohmic dissipation and suppression of instabilities by magnetic tension are presented, allowing for optimization of experiments to study specific phenomena. For instance, a dopant added to the target gas-fill can enhance magnetic flux compression while enabling spectroscopic diagnosis of the imploding core. In particular, the use of Ar K-shell spectroscopy is investigated by performing detailed non-LTE atomic kinetics and radiative transfer calculations on the MHD data. Direct measurement of the core electron density and temperature would be possible, allowing for both the impact of magnetization on the final temperature and thermal pressure to be obtained. By assuming the magnetic field is frozen into the plasma motion, which is shown to be a good approximation for highly magnetized implosions, spectroscopic diagnosis could be used to estimate which magnetization processes are ruling the implosion dynamics; for example, a relation is given for inferring whether thermally driven or current-driven transport is dominating.
Compact model of retention characteristics of ferroelectric FinFET synapse with MFIS gate stack
Authors: Baig Md Aftab , Le Hoang-Hiep , De Sourav , Chang Che-Wei , Hsieh Chia-Chi , Huang Xiao-Shan , Lee Yao-Jen , Lu Darsen D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, multiple-fin n- and p-channel HfZrO2 ferroelectric-FinFET devices are manufactured using a gate first process with post metalization annealing. The device transfer characteristics upon program and erase operations are measured and modeled. The drift in the transfer characteristics due to depolarization field and charge injection are captured using the shift in the threshold voltage along with time-dependent modeling of vertical field dependent mobility degradation parameters to develop a physical, computationally efficient, and accurate retention model for ferroelectric-FinFET devices. The modeled conductance is incorporated into deep neural network simulation platform CIMulator to analyze the role of conductance drift due to retention degradation, as well as the importance of the gap between high and low conductance states in improving the image recognition accuracy of neural networks.
Cross correlation mediated by Majorana island with finite charging energy
Authors: Feng Wei , Qin Lupei , Li Xin-Qi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on the many-particle-number-state treatment for transport through a pair of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) which are coupled to the leads via two quantum dots, we identify that the reason for zero cross correlation of currents at uncoupling limit between the MZMs is from a degeneracy of the teleportation and the Andreev process channels. We then propose a scheme to eliminate the degeneracy by introducing finite charging energy on the Majorana island which allows for coexistence of the two channels. We find nonzero cross correlation established even in the Majorana uncoupling limit (and also in the small charging energy limit), which demonstrates well the teleportation or nonlocal nature of the MZMs. More specifically, the characteristic structure of coherent peaks in the power spectrum of the cross correlation is analyzed to identify the nonlocal and coherent coupling mechanism between the MZMs and the quantum dots. We also display the behaviors of peak shift with variation of the Majorana coupling energy, which can be realized by modulating parameters such as the magnetic field.
Floquet control of indirect exchange interaction in periodically driven two-dimensional electron systems
Authors: Asmar Mahmoud M , Tse Wang-Kong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a theory for the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction mediated by a two-dimensional (2D) electron system subjected to periodic driving. This is demonstrated for a 2D metal with two ferromagnetic chains deposited in parallel. Our calculations reveal new non-analytic features in the time-averaged spin susceptibility. For weak light–matter coupling, the RKKY interaction shows oscillations with a period tunable by the light amplitude and frequency. For stronger light–matter coupling, the interaction becomes non-oscillatory and remains purely ferromagnetic. Our findings open a path forward for realizing dynamic control of the indirect exchange interaction in 2D magnetic structures.
Study of a MOEMS XOR gate based on optical ring resonator
Authors: Mohammadian Sasan , Babazadeh Farshad , Abedi Kambiz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on ring resonator with Microelectromechanical systems, optical XOR logic gate is proposed in this paper to realize the optical logic gate application. The proposed gate is basically structured on an optical ring resonator with 7 μm radius and resonance wavelength of 1.55 μm which is placed on the edge of a thin SiC circular diaphragm. In order to apply input voltages to electrodes, two very thin circular gold layers with 50nm air gap spacing are deposited under the diaphragm. Input voltages are considered as logic inputs and resonance wavelength shift as logic output. When an input DC voltage is applied across the diaphragm, an attractive electrostatic force is created between two electrodes. As a result, the diaphragm is deformed and an internal stress is created. This in turn changes the resonator refractive index due to the photoelastic effect and thus shifts its resonance wavelength about 35nm. COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB are carried out to verify FEA and numerical analysis of the designed structure, respectively. A good agreement between the simulations and analytical results is obtained. Enhancement of the wavelength shift and FSR are resulted. The proposed structure is used as an optical XOR gate for the first time.
Deuterium retention in W-Ta alloys after low-temperature plasma irradiation and gas exposure
Authors: Bobyr Nikolay P. , Efimov Vitaly S. , Khripunov Boris I. , Kozlov Dmitriy A. , Mednikov Artem A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study plates of W, W-xTa alloys (x = 1; 3; 5 concentration in at.%) with a large grain size were used as experimental samples. All the samples were polished to a mirror surface and outgassed in vacuum at 1100 K during 2 h. Sets of W, W-1Ta, W-3Ta, W-5Ta samples were irradiated with low-temperature D plasma up to fluences of 2e25 D m−2. Other sets of W, W-1Ta, W-3Ta, W-5Ta samples were exposed in D2 gas in a temperature range of 425 ÷ 625 K and pressure 103 Pa. The D retention in W and W-Ta alloys was measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). An influence of Ta dopant on deuterium retention in W was observed. The dopant of tantalum slightly reduces the accumulation of deuterium in tungsten during gas exposure. Increasing temperature of samples during D-plasma irradiation from 415 K to 615 K reduces deuterium retention up to 2 orders of magnitude.
Non-locality and geometric potential provide the phenomenology of the double-hole single massive particle and light interference
Authors: Castañeda Román , Bedoya Pablo , Matteucci Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In spite of its accurate prediction of the experimental outcomes of double-hole single particle interference, quantum mechanics does not provide a phenomenological description of the individual realizations of the experiment. By defining a non-locality function and considering the non-paraxial solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation by the Green’s theorem, we introduce a geometrical potential which leads to an outstanding result. The geometric potential allows the description of spatially structured Lorentzian wells in the volume between the double-hole mask and the detector. The buildup of the interference patterns results from the confined propagation of single particles through these Lorentzian wells. The phenomenological implications of this description are discussed and illustrated by numerical examples, and its compatibility with quantum mechanical predictions is also shown. A further, non-trivial advantage of this model over the conventional formalism, is that the present quantum probability density can be exactly calculated both in the near and far field conditions.
Reducing reflectivity of stimulated Raman scattering by discretely changing phase of incident light in inertial fusion plasmas
Authors: Yang T , Zhang S T , Zhou Y Z , Liu D J , Li X M , Liu Z J , Cao L H , Zheng C Y , He X T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new method to reduce the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in inertial confinement fusion conditions is proposed by changing the incident light phase discretely. The proposal is first examined by three-wave coupling equations and then verified by Vlasov simulations. A remarkable decreasing in SRS reflectivity is observed when the period of phase changing is less than

2
π
/
γ
,

where

γ

is the growth rate of SRS. By contrast, some simulations with continuously changing phase of incident light are carried out to compare their influence on SRS. In addition, the proposal may suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering.