bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralization of an Oxytocin Derivative by 355 nm Photocleavage in High Vacuum
Authors: Hua Yong , Häussinger Daniel , Mayor Marcel , Köhler Valentin , Strauss Marcel , Mauser Martin F. X. , Kostersitz Tim , Geyer Philipp , Arndt Markus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlling the charge state of biomolecules in high vacuum enables experiments in molecular physics and physical chemistry, particularly in applications of mass spectrometry, trapping and cooling, spectroscopy and matter‐wave interferometry. Here we investigate the synthesis, verification and gas phase photolysis of nitrodibenzofuranmethyl aryl ether derivatives. These photocages are chosen because their absorption maximum can be tuned to near 355 nm, where intense pulsed laser light is available. We demonstrate efficient gas‐phase cleavage of a photoactive nitrodibenzofuranmethyl aryl ether derivative, both free and attached to oxytocin. This enables the neutralization of a polypeptide derivative in high vacuum using a wavelength outside the absorption spectrum of natural amino acids.
Design and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Kappa‐Carrageenan Pickering Emulsion Biocomposite Films for Potential Wound Care Applications
Authors: Yeşilyurt Ayşenur , Mayakrishnan Gopiraman , Parın Uğur , Kim Ick Soo , Parın Fatma Nur , Ullah Azeem 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and kappa‐carrageenan (κCA) biocomposite films using a Pickering emulsion technique for wound care applications. Juniper essential oil and modified sepiolite were incorporated to enhance functionality, with films prepared via solvent casting and characterized for structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. The PCOS‐2 film exhibited the highest mechanical performance, with Young's modulus of 6.25 ± 1.3 MPa, tensile strength of 5.65 ± 1.7 MPa, and elongation at break of 608.96% ± 72.8%. Antibacterial assays showed inhibition zones of 9 and 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, for the PCOS‐2 film, while antioxidant activity reached 63% DPPH radical scavenging after 12 h. Additionally, porosity and hydrophilicity were enhanced, as indicated by contact angles of 55° for the control film and 71.2° for PCOS‐2. These results underscore the potential of PVA/κCA biocomposite films as sustainable and bioactive wound dressings, combining mechanical resilience, bioactivity, and environmental compatibility, with future efforts focused on optimizing antibacterial efficacy against gram‐negative bacteria and clinical validation.
Supramolecular Peptide Depots for Glucose‐Responsive Glucagon Delivery
Authors: Chen Weike , Yu Sihan , Webber Bernice , DeWolf Emily L. , Kilmer Rory , Xian Sijie , Schmidt Connor R. , Power Elizabeth M. , Webber Matthew J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrecise blood glucose control continues to be a critical challenge in the treatment and management of type 1 diabetes in order to mitigate both acute and chronic complications. This study investigates the development of a supramolecular peptide amphiphile (PA) material functionalized with phenylboronic acid (PBA) for glucose‐responsive glucagon delivery. The PA‐PBA system self‐assembles into nanofibrillar hydrogels in the presence of physiological glucose levels, resulting in stable hydrogels capable of releasing glucagon under hypoglycemic conditions. Glucose responsiveness is driven by reversible binding between PBA and glucose, which modulates the electrostatic interactions necessary for hydrogel formation and dissolution. Through comprehensive in vitro characterization, including circular dichroism, zeta potential measurements, and rheological assessments, the PA‐PBA system is found to exhibit glucose‐dependent assembly, enabling controlled glucagon release that is inversely related to glucose concentration. Glucagon release is accelerated under low glucose conditions, simulating a hypoglycemic state, with a reduced rate seen at higher glucose levels. Evaluation of the platform in vivo using a type 1 diabetic mouse model demonstrates the efficacy in protecting against insulin‐induced hypoglycemia by restoring blood glucose levels following an insulin overdose. The ability to tailor glucagon release in response to fluctuating glucose concentrations underscores the potential of this platform for improving glycemic control. These findings suggest that glucose‐stabilized supramolecular peptide hydrogels hold significant promise for responsive drug delivery applications, offering an approach to manage glucose levels in diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Anatomical and Physicochemical Attributes of Endemic Medicinal Plant Species Vincetoxicum capparidifolium (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze, Apocynaceae
Authors: Prameela Athira , Krishnasamy Thenmozhi , Jayasree Malavika , Thangavelu Muthukumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVincetoxicum capparidifolium (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze [=Tylophora capparidifolia (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze], belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a medicinal plant species endemic to the southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. The current study sought to investigate the macroscopic, organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical, and proximate compositional aspects of the fresh and powdered leaf and stem portions of V. capparidifolium. The anatomical peculiarities of the leaf parts reveal a hypostomatic nature with paracytic stomata, the epidermis being made up of thin‐walled cells covered with a thick cuticle (5.9 μm), and the hypodermis comprising angular collenchyma cells. The petiole is oval/rounded‐ellipse with abundant nonglandular multicellular trichomes ascending from the epidermis. The hypodermis is composed of collenchymatous cells containing many calcium oxalate crystals and silica bodies. Bicollateral vascular bundles with internal and external phloem characterize the leaf, stem, and petiole parts. The stem is covered by a thin cuticle, chlorenchymatous hypodermis, and large gelatinous fiber bundles (124.29 × 81.71 μm). Secondary growth in the stem is characterized by the development of periderm and lignified vascular tissues. Bicollateral vascular bundles are overlaid by irregular sclerenchyma patches (7.07 × 5.36 μm), a parenchymatous cortex, and pith composed of thin‐walled parenchyma cells. Scanning electron microscopic study of powdered plant parts disclosed the presence of fiber in the stem and a trace outline of leaf epidermal cells. X‐ray diffraction analysis specified indefinite crystallinity in the plant powder (57.038–69.500 nm). Thorough examination of pH, ash content, and percentage of crude lipid confirms that V. capparidifolium exhibits sufficient quality and purity.
Poor knee strength is associated with higher incidence of knee injury in adolescent female football players: The Karolinska football injury cohort
Authors: Fältström Anne , Asker Martin , Weiss Nathan , Lyberg Victor , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin , Tranaeus Ulrika , Skillgate Eva 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between common measures of trunk and lower extremity range of motion (ROM), strength, the results of one‐leg jump tests at baseline and the incidence of subsequent substantial knee injuries in adolescent female football players.MethodsPlayers were assessed at baseline regarding (1) ROM of trunk, hip, and ankle; (2) trunk, hip, and knee strength; and (3) one‐leg jump tests. Players were prospectively monitored weekly for 1 year regarding knee injuries and the volume of matches and training. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with Cox regression for the association between the baseline tests and the incidence of substantial knee injury (moderate/severe reduction in training volume or performance, or complete inability to participate in football). Exposures were categorized in tertiles (high, medium and low values). The highest tertile was used as reference.Results376 players were included without substantial knee injury at baseline (mean age, 13.9 ± 1.1 years), and 71 (19%) reported at least one substantial knee injury during the follow‐up. Several associations were found; the strongest was that players in the lowest tertile of knee extension strength had a higher incidence of knee injuries than players in the highest tertile (HRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.20−4.38). Players in the lowest tertile of trunk rotation ROM in lunge position half‐kneeling (HRR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27−0.94) had lower incidence of knee injuries than players in the highest tertile.ConclusionsPoor knee strength and high trunk ROM were associated with an increased incidence of substantial knee injury in adolescent female football players. Therefore, knee‐strengthening exercises during season may be recommended.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Physical Activity Correlates With Skeletal Muscle MRI Findings in Individuals With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Tamaroff Jaclyn , Joy Nicholas , Damon Bruce , Markham Larry W. , Donnelly Thomas , Su Karry , Buchowski Maciej S. , Crum Kimberly , Slaughter James C. , Xu Meng , Burnette W. Bryan , Soslow Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsSkeletal muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a validated noninvasive tool to assess Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) progression. There is interest in finding DMD biomarkers that decrease the burden of clinical trial participation, such as wearable devices. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between activity, via accelerometry, and skeletal muscle MRI, particularly T2 mapping.MethodsDMD children and young adults completed skeletal muscle MRI and were asked to wear an accelerometer on the dominant wrist for 7 days. MRI data included fat‐suppressed transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping of the calves and longitudinal relaxation time (T1) mapping. Activity was assessed as vector magnitudes (VMs) and fraction of time (FOT) in activity groups (sedentary 1 or 2, low 1 or 2, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA)).ResultsParticipants (n = 22; median age 11.4 years, 41% ambulatory) wore the accelerometer for a median of 7 days. Longer T2 in multiple lower extremity muscles was negatively correlated with VMs per minute (tibialis posterior Spearman's rho = −0.68, p < 0.001), even when accounting for age, ambulatory status, or glucocorticoid use. Longer T2 of the tibialis posterior was positively correlated with FOT in sedentary 1 (rho = 0.49, p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with FOT in higher activity levels (low 1 (rho = −0.58, p = 0.004), low 2 (rho = −0.67, p = 0.002), MVPA (rho = −0.7, p < 0.001)).DiscussionIn individuals with DMD, longer T2 on skeletal muscle MRI of the calves moderately correlated with lower activity levels indicating the potential use of home accelerometry as a future clinical trial biomarker of skeletal muscle health and progression in DMD.
Muscle Contractility in Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Authors: Holm‐Yildiz Sonja , Krag Thomas , Dysgaard Tina , Pedersen Britt Stævnsbo , Witting Nanna , Kodal Louise Sloth , Kannuberg Linda , Pedersen Jonas Jalili , Andersen Rebecca Kjær , Lyu Zhe , Aagaard Morten Müller , Vissing Christoffer Rasmus , Dahlqvist Julia , Løkken Nicoline , Poulsen Nanna Scharff , Vissing John 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsPrimary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) can present with periodic paralysis and/or permanent muscle weakness. Permanent weakness is accompanied by fat replacement of the muscle. It is unknown whether the permanent muscle weakness is solely due to fat replacement or if other factors affect the ability of the remaining muscle fibers to contract. We aimed to investigate muscle fat replacement and contractility in persons with HypoPP‐causing variants in CACNA1S and to compare the results to healthy controls.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we used T1‐weighted and 2‐point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess fat replacement of the muscle and stationary dynamometry to assess muscle strength. Contractility was determined by maximal muscle contraction divided by the contractile cross‐sectional muscle area.ResultsWe included 45 persons with HypoPP‐causing variants in CACNA1S and data from 37 healthy controls. We found that fat fraction was increased in ankle dorsiflexors and knee extensors and flexors, and further found that muscle strength was decreased in knee extensors and flexors in persons with HypoPP‐causing variants in CACNA1S compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we found decreased contractility of thigh muscles in persons with HypoPP‐causing variants in CACNA1S compared to healthy controls.DiscussionThe decreased contractility could relate to skeletal muscle voltage‐gated calcium channel dysfunction, subclinical attacks of paralysis, and/or changed muscle architecture, but this needs further investigation.
The biocontrol strain Bacillus mojavensis KRS009 confers resistance to cotton Verticillium wilt and improves tolerance to salt stress
Authors: Zhao Fuhua , Wang Dan , Liu Huizi , Shan Yujia , Qi Hong‐Yue , Dai Xiaofeng , Chen Jieyin , Lesueur Didier , Han Dongfei , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Dandan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiological control has gained increasing attention as a strategy to address biotic and abiotic stresses in crops. In this study, we identified the strain KRS009 as Bacillus mojavensis through morphological identification and multilocus sequence analysis. KRS009 exhibited broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi by secreting soluble and volatile compounds. Additionally, the physio‐biochemical traits of strain KRS009 were characterized, including its growth‐promoting capabilities and active enzymes. Notably, KRS009 demonstrated the capacity for biofilm formation and exhibited tolerance to saline‐alkali conditions. The biological security evaluation confirmed the safety of KRS009 for both humans and plants. Furthermore, strain KRS009 was found to trigger plant immunity by inducing systemic resistance through salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐dependent signaling pathways. Greenhouse experiments conducted on cotton plants proved that the treatment with strain KRS009 effectively protected cotton against Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae and promoted the growth of cotton under salt stress. These findings highlight the potential of B. mojavensis KRS009 as a promising biocontrol and biofertilizer agent for promoting plant growth, combating fungal diseases and mitigating salt stress in plants.
Faculty diversity trends in physical medicine and rehabilitation by gender, race, and ethnicity in the United States, 1977–2021
Authors: Lawand Jad , Mazhar Leena , Rauf Ali , Ding Jeffrey , Siddiqi Javed , Tiwana Sabeen , Virji‐Babul Naznin , Khosa Faisal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the gender and racial/ethnic trends in academic physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) and the shifts that have taken place in more than 4 decades.ObjectiveTo gauge the diversity in gender and race/ethnicity across academic degrees, academic ranks, chair positions, and tenure status in the academic workforce of PM&R.DesignSurveillance study.Setting and MethodsThe data for academic PM&R faculty were self‐reported and obtained from the annual Faculty Roster report of the Association of American Medical Colleges from 1977 to 2021.Main Outcome MeasuresTo compare the distribution of academic degree, rank, chair position, and tenure status over time, the percentage composition for each category was calculated for a period of 45 years. The temporal trends were depicted by plotting the counts and proportion changes, and the progress in terms of racial representation was illustrated by graphing the absolute changes in the percentage composition.ResultsDespite an overall increase in the representation of women, women remained underrepresented in the full professor rank in 2021, at only 32.1% of full professors. The instructor category was the only category in which the proportion of women faculty was higher in 2021 (62.8%) than in 1977 (58.5%). Asian faculty had the greatest increase in representation at all ranks, with the proportion of Asian full professors increasing from 1.8% to 11.4%, associate professors increasing from 7.4% to 14.4%, and assistant professors increasing from 11.2% to 20.2%. Women's representation as department chairs increased from 12.5% to 23.7% and Asians from 2.5% to 15.3%.ConclusionOverall, although there was an increase in the number of women and underrepresented minority faculty in academic PM&R over the study period, disparities based on gender and ethnicity/race persisted, particularly in higher academic ranks and leadership positions.
Bioisosteric replacement of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate to pyridoxal‐5′‐tetrazole targeting Bacillus subtilisGabR
Authors: Kaley Nicholas E. , Liveris Zachary J. , Moore Maxwell , Reidl Cory T. , Wawrzak Zdzislaw , Becker Daniel P. , Liu Dali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a significant cause of mortality globally due to infections, a trend that is expected to continue to rise. As existing treatments fail and new drug discovery slows, the urgency to develop novel antimicrobial therapeutics grows stronger. One promising strategy involves targeting bacterial systems exclusive to pathogens, such as the transcription regulator protein GabR. Expressed in diverse bacteria including Escherichia coli, Bordetella pertussis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, GabR has no homolog in eukaryotes, making it an ideal therapeutic target. Bacillus subtilis GabR (bsGabR), the most studied variant, regulates its own transcription and activates genes for GABA aminotransferase (GabT) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GabD). This intricate regulatory system presents a compelling antimicrobial target with the potential for agonistic intervention to disrupt bacterial gene expression and induce cellular dysfunction, especially in bacterial stress responses. To explore manipulation of this system and the potential of this protein as an antimicrobial target, an in‐depth understanding of the unique PLP‐dependent transcription regulation is critical. Herein, we report the successful structural modification of the cofactor PLP and demonstrate the biochemical reactivity of the PLP analog pyridoxal‐5′‐tetrazole (PLT). Through both spectrophotometric and X‐ray crystallographic analyses, we explore the interaction between bsGabR and PLT, together with a synthesized GABA derivative (S)‐4‐amino‐5‐phenoxypentanoate (4‐phenoxymethyl‐GABA or 4PMG). Most notably, we present a crystal structure of the condensed, external aldimine complex within bsGabR. While PLT alone is not a drug candidate, it can act as a probe to study the detailed mechanism of GabR‐mediated function. PLT employs a tetrazole moiety as a bioisosteric replacement for phosphate in PLP. In addition, the PLP‐4PMG adduct observed in the structure may serve as a novel chemical scaffold for subsequent structure‐based antimicrobial design.
Functional inequalities for Brownian motion on manifolds with sticky-reflecting boundary diffusion
Authors: Bormann Marie , von Renesse Max , Wang Feng-Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove geometric upper bounds for the Poincaré and Logarithmic Sobolev constants for Brownian motion on manifolds with sticky reflecting boundary diffusion i.e. extended Wentzell-type boundary condition under general curvature assumptions on the manifold and its boundary. The method is based on an interpolation involving energy interactions between the boundary and the interior of the manifold. As side results we obtain explicit geometric bounds on the first nontrivial Steklov eigenvalue, for the norm of the boundary trace operator on Sobolev functions, and on the boundary trace logarithmic Sobolev constant. The case of Brownian motion with pure sticky reflection is also treated.
Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Du Zhijuan , Qin Yuhui , Lv Yahui , Gao Jie , Chen Siyuan , Du Xiangyu , Li Tao , Hu Yi , Liu Zhefeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The clinicopathologic features, mutational status, immunohistochemical markers, and prognosis of Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) remain uncertain.

Methods
This study included 81 PSC and 337 lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and other clinical data were examined.

Results
46% PSC patients harbored KRAS mutation and 23% harbored EGFR mutation. Univariable analysis identified type and cTNM stage as significant predictor of PFS (type: HR 0.216; 95% CI 0.133–0.349; P < 0.001, cTNM stage: HR 0.483; 95% CI 0.269–0.846; P = 0.014) and OS (type: HR 0.269; 95% CI 0.156–0.465; P < 0.001, cTNM stage: HR 0.435; 95% CI 0.219–0.865; P = 0.018). Multivariable analysis confirmed sex, type and cTNM stage as independent predictors of PFS (sex: HR 2.026; 95%CI 1.027–3.996; P = 0.042; type: HR0.140; 95% CI 0.083–0.238; P < 0.001, cTNM stage: HR0.305; 95% CI 0.165–0.564; P < 0.001) and OS (type: HR0.231; 95% CI 0.132–0.404; P < 0.001, cTNM stage: HR 0.394; 95% CI 0.194–0.797; P = 0.010). Significant differences in PFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P = 0.022) were observed between PSC and LUAD, and for PC compared with SCC (PFS: P = 0.00036, OS: P = 0.0053). Additionally, PSC patients treated with immunotherapy showed significantly better OS (P = 0.0019) compared with those treated without immunotherapy.

Conclusions
PSC exhibits high KRAS and EGFR mutation rates, and spindle cell carcinoma has a worse prognosis. Immunotherapy shows potential as a treatment for advanced PSC.
Analysis of Informatics Topics in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Program Requirements
Authors: Rohan Thomas Z. , Nayak Ruhi , Yang Kevin , Nambudiri Vinod E. , Kim Ellen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background There is growing recognition of the need to incorporate informatics education in U.S. residencies. Medical residency training programs are critical in shaping system change and can play a pivotal role by incorporating clinical informatics (CI) based learning into their training requirements.
Objectives We searched the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Residency Program Requirements effective July 1, 2023, to assess the inclusion of CI topics for all medical residency specialties to assess the relative levels of CI knowledge expected by graduates.
Methods We performed independent full-text search queries of 23 informatics-related keywords (e.g., electronic health record, innovation, database) in the ACGME Residency Program Requirements of 24 medical specialties.
Results All specialties' requirements contained at least five different keywords, with the total count ranging from 25 to 42 (mean: 32.00; standard deviation: 5.09). Pathology contained the highest counts with 42, followed by internal medicine and family medicine with 41 each. Pathology included the most distinct keywords (11). The most common keywords were “leadership” (62%) and “electronic health record” (10%). There were no specific mentions of several keywords—including “analytics,” “artificial intelligence,” and “machine learning”—within any program requirements. Although the ACGME Residency Program Requirements state that residents must demonstrate competence in using information technology to optimize learning, the extent is not fully specified; only 10 programs mention the keyword “information technology” within their specialty guidelines.
Conclusion The integration of CI education varies across specialties and may be even more variable across programs. Our study highlights potential opportunities for further standardization and integration of CI into resident curriculum requirements in order to better prepare future physician workforces for a changing medical landscape. We encourage educators, residency review committees, and national specialty organizations to consider further exploring the incorporation of CI content into residency training program requirements.