bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Based Metallic Glass with High Thrombogenic Resistance for Blood‐Contacting Medical Devices
Authors: Cihova Martina , Müller Eike , Chandorkar Yashoda , Thorwarth Kerstin , Fortunato Giuseppino , Maniura‐Weber Katharina , Löffler Jörg F. , Rottmar Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvancements in the design of mechanical blood circulatory devices have greatly improved patient survival rates, but currently employed metals still provoke a thrombosis response upon contact with blood, with potential life‐threatening consequences. While coating strategies have been developed to address this limitation, they possess inherent drawbacks such as susceptibility to crack formation and delamination. Herein, an amorphous metal based on palladium (Pd) is scrutinized and reveals substantial thrombogenic resistance compared to a state‐of‐the‐art titanium alloy. In vitro assessment with human whole blood shows that the Pd glass provokes reduced platelet activation (lower expression of CD62P, CD41/CD61) and greatly retarded fibrin formation, but pronounced platelet spreading therewith challenging the dogma that platelet spreading equals activation. Mechanistic analysis of the early biomaterial–blood interactions reveals that conformational changes of adhered fibrinogen, and modified αIIbβ3 integrin expression and distribution across adhered platelets, underlay the superior performance of Pd glass. The study is accompanied by structural and thermophysical bulk investigations and physicochemical surface characterization to link the materials properties with the observed blood response. The results reveal a remarkable potential of Pd‐based glass as direct blood‐contacting bulk material without the need for coating.
3D Bioprinting of Cell‐Laden Hydrogels for Improved Biological Functionality
Authors: Hull Sarah M. , Brunel Lucia G. , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe encapsulation of cells within gel‐phase materials to form bioinks offers distinct advantages for next‐generation 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for patterning cells, but the technology remains limited in its ability to produce biofunctional, tissue‐like constructs due to a dearth of materials suitable for bioinks. While early demonstrations commonly used viscous polymers optimized for printability, these materials often lacked cell compatibility and biological functionality. In response, advanced materials that exist in the gel phase during the entire printing process are being developed, since hydrogels are uniquely positioned to both protect cells during extrusion and provide biological signals to embedded cells as the construct matures during culture. Here, an overview of the design considerations for gel‐phase materials as bioinks is presented, with a focus on their mechanical, biochemical, and dynamic gel properties. Current challenges and opportunities that arise due to the fact that bioprinted constructs are active, living hydrogels composed of both acellular and cellular components are also evaluated. Engineering hydrogels with consideration of cells as an intrinsic component of the printed bioink will enable control over the evolution of the living construct after printing to achieve greater biofunctionality.
A Versatile Light‐Triggered Radical‐Releasing Surface Coating Technology
Authors: Boase Nathan R.B. , Michalek Lukas , Hooker Jordan P. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic based redox active materials and coatings are increasingly being investigated as solutions for more efficient energy devices, catalysts, sensors, and biomedical technologies. Their advantage is negating the necessity for expensive and unsustainable rare earth metals seen in other redox active materials. Challenges to their wide‐spread usage remain, including versatility of coatings on a wide range of substrates, and creating smart devices that can respond to environmental stimuli. A new light responsive radical releasing redox coating has been developed, that can be rapidly and stably applied to a diverse range of substrates including silicon dioxide, plastics, and microparticles. These coatings rapidly cleave upon irradiation with UV‐A light to release stable nitroxides from the surface coating. These coatings are developed into microparticle sensors for radical oxygen species, which are able to detect the generation of free radicals in a model system for particulate matter pollution. These new responsive organic redox coatings also offer future potential to function as switchable organic electrodes, and biomedical surface coatings to prevent biofouling and reduce inflammation.
Cryptographic Strain‐Dependent Light Pattern Generators
Authors: D'Elia Francesca , Pisani Francesco , Tredicucci Alessandro , Pisignano Dario , Camposeo Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRefractive freeform components are becoming increasingly relevant for generating controlled patterns of light, because of their capability to spatially modulate optical signals with high efficiency and low background. However, the use of these devices is still limited by difficulties in manufacturing macroscopic elements with complex, 3D surface reliefs. Here, 3D‐printed and stretchable magic windows generating light patterns by refraction are introduced. The shape and, consequently, the light texture achieved can be changed through controlled device strain. Cryptographic magic windows are demonstrated through exemplary light patterns, including micro‐QR‐codes, that are correctly projected and recognized upon strain gating while remaining cryptic for as‐produced devices. The light pattern of micro‐QR‐codes can also be projected by two coupled magic windows, with one of them acting as the decryption key. Such novel, freeform elements with 3D shape and tailored functionalities is relevant for applications in illumination design, smart labels, anti‐counterfeiting systems, and cryptographic communication.
Quasi‐2D CsPbBrxI3−x Composite Thin Films for Efficient and Stable Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Ping , Cai Wanqing , Zhao Cong , Zhang Siwei , Nie Pengbo , Xu Wenzhan , Meng Hong , Fu Hongyan , Wei Guodan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRemarkable progress has been achieved in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) . Both green and infrared PeLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 20% are successfully developed. However, the performance of pure red PeLEDs remains challenging. Numerous efforts are explored to tune red color emission for higher emission efficiencies, but it is still suffering operation instability. Here, high‐quality and luminescent quasi‐2D (CsPbBrxI3−x)/poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOXA) composite perovskite thin films are successfully fabricated via a one‐step method. Uniform and smooth perovskite thin films are obtained with photoluminescent quantum yield as high as 65% and emission is tuned from pure red to deep red (638–686 nm). Efficient PeLEDs with device structure of indium tin oxide/ZnMgO/quasi‐2D perovskite/Poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (Poly‐TPD)/MoO3/Ag have demonstrated a high EQE of 7.0% and pure red emission peak at 654 nm, with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.703, 0.287). While the PeLEDs with an emission peak at 670 nm show a low turn‐on voltage of 1.6 V, maximum luminance of 1942 cd m−2, and maximum EQE of 9.1%. In addition, the PeLEDs achieve good spectral and operational stability with a record half‐lifetime (T50) of over 20 h at a high initial luminance of 100 cd m−2, demonstrating their good potential for display application.
An Elaborate New Linker System Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of an HER2‐Antibody‐Drug Conjugate against Refractory HER2‐Positive Cancers
Authors: Shin Seol Hwa , Park Yun‐Hee , Park Seok Soon , Ju Eun Jin , Park Jin , Ko Eun Jung , Bae Dong Jun , Kim Sang‐Yeob , Chung Chul‐Woong , Song Ho Young , Jang Se Jin , Jeong Seong‐Yun , Song Si Yeol , Choi Eun Kyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast and gastric cancers and this causes poor clinical outcomes. Although both T‐DM1 and Enhertu are approved as an HER2‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC), the effects of these drugs are still not satisfactory to eradicate diverse tumors expressing HER2. To address this shortfall in HER2‐targeted therapeutics, an elaborate cleavable linker is created and a novel HER2‐targeting ADC composed with trastuzumab and monomethyl auristatin F, which is being investigated in a phase 1 clinical trial and is referred to as LegoChem Bisciences‐ADC (LCB‐ADC). LCB‐ADC displays a higher cytotoxic potency than T‐DM1 and it also has a higher G2/M arrest ratio. In animal studies, LCB‐ADC produces noticeable tumor growth inhibition compared with trastuzumab or T‐DM1 in an HER2 high‐expressing N87 xenograft tumor. Especially, LCB‐ADC shows good efficacy in terms of suppressing tumor growth in a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model of HER2‐positive gastric cancer as well as in T‐DM1‐resistant models such as HER2 low‐expressing HER2 low expressing JIMT‐1 xenograft tumor and PDX. Collectively, the results demonstrate that LCB‐ADC with the elaborate linker has a higher efficacy and greater biostability than its ADC counterparts and may successfully treat cancers that are nonresponsive to previous therapeutics.
Single‐Atom Ru Implanted on Co3O4 Nanosheets as Efficient Dual‐Catalyst for Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Lian Zheng , Lu Youcai , Wang Chunzhi , Zhu Xiaodan , Ma Shiyu , Li Zhongjun , Liu Qingchao , Zang Shuangquan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLi‐CO2 battery has attracted extensive attention and research due to its super high theoretical energy density and its ability to fix greenhouse gas CO2. However, the slow reaction kinetics during discharge/charge seriously limits its development. Hence, a simple cation exchange strategy is developed to introduce Ru atoms onto a Co3O4 nanosheet array grown on carbon cloth (SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC) to prepare a single atom site catalyst (SASC) and successfully used in Li‐CO2 battery. Li‐CO2 batteries based on SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC cathode exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances including low overpotential, ultra high capacity, and long cycle life. Density functional theory calculations reveal that single atom Ru as the driving force center can significantly enhance the intrinsic affinity for key intermediates, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction in Li‐CO2 batteries, and ultimately optimizing the growth pathway of discharge products. In addition, the Bader charge analysis indicates that Ru atoms as electron‐deficient centers can enhance the catalytic activity of SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC cathode for the CO2 evolution reaction. It is believed that this work has important implications for the development of new SASCs and the design of efficient catalyst for Li‐CO2 batteries.
Building Ohmic Contact Interfaces toward Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Huanyan , Wang Jian‐Gan , Hua Wei , Sun Huanhuan , Huyan Yu , Tian Shan , Hou Zhidong , Yang Junchang , Wei Chunguang , Kang Feiyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZn metal holds grand promise as the anodes of aqueous batteries for grid‐scale energy storage. However, the rampant zinc dendrite growth and severe surface side reactions significantly impede the commercial implementation. Herein, a universal Zn‐metal oxide Ohmic contact interface model is demonstrated for effectively improving Zn plating/stripping reversibility. The high work function difference between Zn and metal oxides enables the building of an interfacial anti‐blocking layer for dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Moreover, the metal oxide layer can function as a physical barrier to suppress the pernicious side reactions. Consequently, the proof‐of‐concept CeO2‐modified Zn anode delivers ultrastable durability of over 1300 h at 0.5–5 mA cm−2 and improved Coulombic efficiency, the feasibility of which is also evidenced in MoS2//Zn full cells. This study enriches the fundamental comprehension of Ohmic contact interfaces on the Zn deposition, which may shed light on the development of other metal battery anodes.
Impact of the Nuclear Envelope on Malignant Transformation, Motility, and Survival of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Stefanello Sílvio Terra , Luchtefeld Isabelle , Liashkovich Ivan , Pethö Zoltan , Azzam Ihab , Bulk Etmar , Rosso Gonzalo , Döhlinger Lilly , Hesse Bettina , Oeckinghaus Andrea , Shahin Victor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) selectively mediate all nucleocytoplasmic transport and engage in fundamental cell‐physiological processes. It is hypothesized that NPCs are critical for malignant transformation and survival of lung cancer cells, and test the hypothesis in lowly and highly metastatic non‐small human lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). It is shown that malignant transformation is paralleled by an increased NPCs density, and a balanced pathological weakening of the physiological stringency of the NPC barrier. Pharmacological interference using barrier‐breaking compounds collapses the stringency. Concomitantly, it induces drastic overall structural changes of NSCLCs, terminating their migration. Moreover, the degree of malignancy is found to be paralleled by substantially decreased lamin A/C levels. The latter provides crucial structural and mechanical stability to the nucleus, and interacts with NPCs, cytoskeleton, and nucleoskeleton for cell maintenance, survival, and motility. The recent study reveals the physiological importance of the NPC barrier stringency for mechanical and structural resilience of normal cell nuclei. Hence, reduced lamin A/C levels in conjunction with controlled pathological weakening of the NPC barrier stringency may facilitate deformability of NSCLCs during the metastasis steps. Modulation of the NPC barrier presents a potential strategy for suppressing the malignant phenotype or enhancing the effectiveness of currently existing chemotherapeutics.
Room Temperature Insulator‐to‐Metal Transition of VO2/TiO2 Epitaxial Bilayer Films Grown on M‐plane Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Chen Binjie , Kim Gowoon , Cho Hai Jun , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince the optoelectronic properties of VO2 are modulated around the critical temperature (Tc) of insulator‐to‐metal transition, VO2 is a promising candidate material for smart window. However, the Tc of bulk VO2 is rather high 341 K (68 °C) and therefore, needs to be decreased down to near temperature for practical applications. Although Tc can be reduced to room temperature if rutile TiO2 crystal is used as the substrate, it is not technologically viable for large‐scale applications because of the size limitation of available TiO2 crystal. Here, this work shows that the Tc can be reduced to near room temperature using M‐plane sapphire as the substrate. VO2/TiO2 bilayer films are fabricated with varied thicknesses on M‐plane sapphire [(100) α‐Al2O3] substrates. The 5.5‐nm‐thick VO2 film on 200‐nm‐thick TiO2 buffered sapphire substrate shows clear insulator‐to‐metal transition at ≈305 K (32 °C). It is also found that the insulator‐to‐metal transition is sensitive to the in‐plane lattice distortion, which induces carrier generation. The systematic study on the effect of in‐plane lattice distortion on the insulator‐to‐metal transition of VO2 will be useful for the practical application of VO2 as an active material of smart window.
The human factors of mineworker fatigue: An overview on prevalence, mitigation, and what's next
Authors: Bauerle Timothy J. , Sammarco John J. , Dugdale Zoë J. , Dawson Drew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThough mining remains a vital shiftwork industry for U.S. commerce, problems of continued prevalence of mineworker fatigue and its mitigation persist. Publications and reports on fatigue in mining appear to be rich and diverse, yet variable and remote, much like the industry itself.MethodsThe authors engaged in a brief nonexhaustive overview of the literature on sleep and fatigue among mineworking populations.ResultsThis overview covers: potential sources of fatigue unique to mine work (e.g., monotonous and disengaging Work Tasks, underground environments and light exposure, remote work operations); evaluation of mitigation strategies for mineworker fatigue or working hours (e.g., shift‐scheduling and training); and areas for future research and practice (e.g., fatigue risk management systems in mining, mineworker sleep and fatigue surveillance, lighting interventions, and automation).ConclusionsFatigue continues to be a critical challenge for the mining industry. While research on the problems and solutions of mineworker fatigue has been limited to date, the future of fatigue research in mining can expand these findings by exploring the origins, nature, and outcomes of fatigue using advancements in lighting, automation, and fatigue risk management.
Palladium/Xiao‐Phos‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of sec‐Phosphine Oxides by P‐Benzylation
Authors: Dai Qiang , Liu Lu , Zhang Junliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractP‐stereogenic tert‐ and sec‐phosphines have wide applications in asymmetric catalysis, materials, and pharmaceutical chemistry, however, their practical synthesis still constitutes a significant challenge. Herein, a successful kinetic resolution of rac‐secondary phosphine oxides via the enantioselective P‐benzylation process catalyzed by the palladium/Xiao‐Phos was designed. Both tert‐ and sec‐phosphine oxides were delivered in good yield and excellent enantiopurity (selectivity factor up to 226.1). The appealing synthetic utilities are further demonstrated by the facile preparation of several valuable P‐chiral compounds, precursors of bidentate ligands, as well as transition metal complexes.
Extended automated targeting model for total site integration
Authors: Kho Wan You , Foo Dominic C. Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombined heat and power (CHP) scheme and total site integration (TSI) are good options to improve thermal efficiency for industrial plants. Apart from the reduction of energy cost, they help to promote environment sustainability, that is, reduced CO2 emission. In this work, an optimisation framework for CHP, that is, automated targeting model (ATM), was extended for total site integration (TSI). TSI allows the recovery of energy from multiple processes in an industrial site through a central utility system. In the extended ATM, binary variables were added to allow the determination of energy content at each steam level from the TSI scheme. This enables the automated selection of CHP equipment, for example, boiler and turbine, so to make optimal use of excess energy in a TSI scheme. This is the main novelty in this revised ATM. A dimethyl ether (DME) plant case study is used for illustration. Several scenarios were analysed for the CHP scheme in the DME plant, utilising the TSI concept, such as maximum cogeneration potential, minimum total annualised cost, and maximum total net savings.
Improve the compatibility and crystallization ability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and poly (ethylene terephthalate) by using transesterification method
Authors: Yin Yue , Meng Linghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present study, an investigation was conducted on the effects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of PET‐based nanocomposites. When the epoxy groups reacted with the PET end groups, the transesterification catalyst zinc acetylacetonate was introduced to facilitate the reaction between PET matrix and EPOSS. As clearly observed in the SEM image, 3 wt% POSS was added to PET matrix, the size of POSS particles was lower than 50 nm. As revealed from the EDX spectrum, the silicon signal was located in the EPOSS agglomerated particles and exhibited an even distribution in the entire PET matrix, which demonstrated a unique dispersion. Furthermore, it was reported that EPOSS exhibited nucleating agent performance, which suggested the higher temperature for melting crystallization (Up to 205.6°C while neat PET only reached 194.3°C). On the whole, EPOSS was revealed to act as a nucleating agent, whereas it could significantly facilitate the crystallization of PET by expediting the nucleation. Moreover, it could, to a certain extent, improve the mechanical properties of PET. These findings were attributable to the fact that PET and EPOSS exert a more comprehensive interface effect and a higher dispersion effect through the transesterification reaction.
Deposition of silicate coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) for improved scratch and solvent resistance
Authors: Castillo Gilbert A. , Dickey Michael D. , Gorman Christopher B. , Genzer Jan , Efimenko Kirill 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films crystallizes when exposed to a broad class of organic solvents (protic polar, aprotic polar, and non‐polar). This phenomenon leads to irreversible changes in transparency and mechanical properties. It also limits PET films and coatings in applications including electronics, medicine, packaging, and construction. This work describes a method to impart solvent resistance to the PET surface by depositing a silicate film. This coating enables many post‐functionalization options, including those that tune wettability or impart antifouling characteristics to the parent PET surface. It also endows PET surface resistance to organic solvent exposure without affecting the overall mechanical and optical properties of the PET. Additionally, the silicate layer improves the scratch resistance of PET surfaces.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel (E)‐N'‐(3‐allyl‐2‐hydroxy)benzylidene‐2‐(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazides as antitumor agents
Authors: Dung Do T. M. , Park Eun J. , Anh Duong T. , Hai Pham‐The , Huy Le D. , Jun Hye W. , Kwon Joo‐Hee , Young Ji A. , Kang Jong S. , Tung Truong T. , Dung Phan T. P. , Han Sang‐Bae , Nam Nguyen‐Hai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn our continuing search for novel small‐molecule anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel (E)‐N'‐(3‐allyl‐2‐hydroxy)benzylidene‐2‐(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazides (5), focusing on the modification of substitution in the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one moiety. The biological evaluation showed that all 13 designed and synthesized compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon cancer; PC‐3, prostate cancer; NCI‐H23, lung cancer). The most potent compound 5l displayed cytotoxicity up to 213‐fold more potent than 5‐fluorouracil and 87‐fold more potent than PAC‐1, the first procaspase‐activating compound. Structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that substitution of either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐releasing groups at positions 6 or 7 on the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐4‐one moiety increased the cytotoxicity of the compounds, but substitution at position 6 seemed to be more favorable. In the caspase activation assay, compound 5l was found to activate the caspase activity by 291% in comparison to PAC‐1, which was used as a control. Further docking simulation also revealed that this compound may be a potent allosteric inhibitor of procaspase‐3 through chelation of the inhibitory zinc ion. Physicochemical and ADMET calculations for 5l provided useful information of its suitable absorption profile and some toxicological effects that need further optimization to be developed as a promising anticancer agent.