bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS OF THE TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE LETHAL ALLELE OF THE SUPPRESSOR OF FORKED, l(1)su(f)ts67g, IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Dudick Marianne E , Wright Theodore R F , Brothers Lynda Lee 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A temperature-sensitive lethal allele of suppressor of forked, l(1)su(f)ts67g (ts67), has been discovered and characterized as follows: Flies which are hemizygous for ts67 live at 18° and 25° but die at 30° primarily as larvae. The temperature-sensitive period for ts67 homozygotes or hemizygotes begins in second instar and ends at pupation. ts67 is lethal at 30° when heterozygous with suppressor of forked (su(f)), a deficiency for suppressor of forked (su(f) -), and a non-conditional lethal allele of suppressor of forked (3DES). It is viable at 30° when heterozygous with the wild-type allele of suppressor of forked. At 25° but not at 18° forked bristles are suppressed in flies of the following genotypes: fsts67/Y, fsts67/fsts67, fsts67/fssu(f), futs67/fs3DES, futs67/fssu(f) -, futs67/fssu(f). There is some suppression of forked bristles at 25° in the heterozygote, fsts67/fs+su(f). The forked bristle phenotype is not suppressed at either temperature in flies of the genotypes futs67/Y, futs67/futs67/ (fs and fu indicating suppressible and unsuppressible alleles of forked). The temperature-sensitive period for suppression of forked bristles begins at pupation and extends through the period of bristle synthesis. The deficiency phenotype (bristles reduced in size or absent, wing wrinkled or blistered, eyes rough) typical of flies of the genotype fssu(f)/fssu(f) - at 18° and 25°, is exhibited by flies of the genotypes fsts67/fssu(f) - at 25° and futs67/fssu(f) at 29°. An allele of lozenge (lz1) which can be suppressed by su(f) is suppressed at 25° but not at 18° in lz1ts67/Y males. ts67 homozygous females are fertile at 25° but sterile at 30°. The hypothesis is discussed that the su(f) locus codes for a ribosomal protein and that suppression and enhancement are affected by mutations at the locus by mutant ribosome-induced misreading. The possibility is presented that ts67 may be used to determine the translation time in development of any gene.
GENETIC STABILITY IN A PERIPHERAL ISOLATE OF STEPHANOMERIA EXIGUA ssp. CORONARIA THAT FLUCTUATES IN POPULATION SIZE
Authors: Gottlieb L D 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Allelic frequencies did not change at five polymorphic loci in seedlings grown from seeds collected in four consecutive years in a geographically peripheral population of the annual plant Stephanomeria exigua ssp. coronaria (Compositae), even though the population number fluctuated during this period by 50:1. Genetic stability is attributed to buffering effects provided by seed storage in the ground. Evidence described elsewhere suggests that this population was the recent progenitor of a new diploid species. The present result indicates that fluctuations in number of individuals in the parental population were probably not involved in the origin of the new species.
THE EFFECTS OF r- AND K-SELECTION ON COMPONENTS OF VARIANCE FOR TWO QUANTITATIVE TRAITS
Authors: Long Thomas , Long Gregoria 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The genetic and environmental components of variance for two quantitative characters were measured in the descendants of Drosophila melanogaster populations which had been grown for several generations at densities of 100, 200, 300, and 400 eggs per vial. Populations subject to intermediate densities had a greater proportion of phenotypic variance available for selection than populations from either extreme. Selection on either character would be least effective under pure r-selection, a frequent attribute of selection programs.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION
Authors: Taylor Charles E , Mitton Jeffry B 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Multiple factor analysis was used to interpret geographical variation of gene frequencies. Allelic frequencies at three loci (two esterase loci, Esr and Esh, and a malic dehydrogenase locus) from ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) collected throughout Texas and reported by Johnson et al. (1969) were reexamined for patterns of correlation with five environmental measurements: mean January temperature, mean July temperature, mean annual precipitation, elevation, and annual growing season. These measurements and the associated gene frequencies at each sampling location were subjected to factor analysis. Variables highly correlated with the same factor were hypothesized to be causally related.
Both orthogonal and oblique rotations of the factor solution provided four factors with essentially the same interpretation. Variation at the Esh locus was associated with a continuum from cold-wet to hot-dry. Variation at the Mdh locus and some of that at the Esr locus was related to the severity of winter months. Other allelic frequencies at the Esr locus had high correlations with a third factor which seemed to be independent of the environmental measurements. None of the allelic frequencies had high correlations with the fourth factor which was interpretable as an altitudinal gradient.
NATURAL SELECTION FOR WITHIN-GENERATION VARIANCE IN OFFSPRING NUMBER
Authors: Gillespie John H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper it is shown that natural selection can act on the within-generation variance in offspring number. The fitness of a genotype will increase as its variance in offspring number decreases. The intensity of selection on the variance component is inversely proportional to population size, although the fixation probability of a gene which differs from its allele only in the variance in its offspring number is independent of population size. The concept of effective population size is shown to be of limited use when there is genetic variation in the variance in offspring number.
ISOALLELE FREQUENCIES IN VERY LARGE POPULATIONS
Authors: King Jack Lester 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The frequencies of electrophoretically distinguishable allelic forms of enzymes may be very different from the corresponding frequencies of structurally distinct forms, because many sequence variants may have identical electrophoretic charge. In large populations such frequencies will be determined largely by the number of amino acid sites that are free to vary. The number of distinguishable electrophoretic variants will remain fairly small. Beyond some limiting size, no further effect of population size on allele frequencies is expected, so isolated large populations will have closely similar allele frequencies if polymorphism is due largely to mutation and drift. The most common electrophoretic alleles are expected to be flanked by the next most common, with the rarer alleles increasingly distal. Neither strong selection nor mutation/drift interpretations of enzyme polymorphism are yet disproven, nor is any point between these extremes.
SIMULATION STUDIES ON ELECTROPHORETICALLY DETECTABLE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN A FINITE POPULATION
Authors: Ohta Tomoko , Kimura Motoo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Using a new model of isoalleles, extensive Monte Carlo experiments were performed to examine the pattern of allelic distribution in a finite population. In this model it was assumed that the set of allelic states is represented by discrete points on a one-dimensional lattice and that change of state by mutation occurs in such a way that an allele moves either one step in the positive direction or one step in the negative direction on the lattice. Such a model was considered to be appropriate for estimating theoretically the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles within a population. The evenness of allelic distribution was measured by the ratio of the effective to the actual number of alleles (ne/na). The results of the Monte Carlo experiments have shown that this ratio is generally larger under the new model of isoalleles than under the conventional Kimura-Crow model of neutral isoalleles. In other words, the distribution of allelic frequencies within a population is expected to be more uniform in the new model. By comparing the Monte Carlo results with actual observations, it was concluded that the observed deviation from what is predicted under the new model with selective neutrality is not in the direction of conforming to the overdominance hypothesis but is, in fact, in the opposite direction.
COVID-19 Social Distancing Measures and Loneliness Among Older Adults
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Farina Mateo P , Wu Qiao , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults are advised to follow social distancing measures to prevent infection. However, such measures may increase the risk of loneliness. The current study aimed to investigate (a) whether social distancing measures, particularly limiting close social interactions, are associated with loneliness among older adults, and (b) whether the association between social distancing measures and loneliness is moderated by sociodemographic characteristics.

Method
Data were from the fourth wave (April 29 to May 26, 2020) of the nationally representative Understanding America Study COVID-19 Survey. We used data on adults 50 years or older (N = 3,253). Logistic regression models of loneliness were performed. Five indicators of social distancing measures were considered: (a) avoiding public spaces, gatherings, or crowds; (b) canceling or postponing social activities; (c) social visits; (d) no close contact (within 6 feet) with people living together; and (e) with people not living together.

Results
Cancelling or postponing social activities and avoiding close contact with people living together were associated with 33% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, confidence interval [CI] = 1.06−1.68, p &lt; .05) and 47% (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.09−1.99, p &lt; .05) greater odds of loneliness, respectively. Furthermore, limiting close contact with coresidents increased the probability of loneliness more for males, non-Hispanic Whites, and those with higher levels of education and income.

Discussion
Efforts should be made to help older adults maintain social connectedness with close others by virtual communication methods. Our findings also call special attention to vulnerable groups at elevated risks of loneliness, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions.
Implications of the Nigerian Broadcasting Code on Broadcast Copyright and Competition
Authors: Olubiyi Ifeoluwa A , Oriakhogba Desmond O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) in Nigeria recently released an amendment to the 6th edition of the Broadcasting Code. Its aim is to increase local content, generate advertisement revenue and prevent anti-competitive practices in the Nigerian broadcast industry. To this end, it prevents exclusivity or monopolisation of content by broadcasting organisations, including Pay TV and Video on Demand (VOD) platforms. Drawing from European and South African experiences, this article begins by examining the provisions of the Broadcasting Code, particularly the amendment vis-à-vis the Nigerian Copyright Act and Nigeria’s international obligations under treaties such as the Rome Convention and the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). It then looks at the impact of the amended Code on the broadcast industry. The article seeks to determine whether the provisions of the amended Code can qualify as limitations and exceptions to exclusive rights allowed under the treaties and the Nigerian Copyright Act. It also examines whether, in attempting to foster competition in the Nigerian broadcast industry, the amended Code has taken away the exclusive rights granted by the Copyright Act to owners of Pay TV and VOD platforms and thereby runs contrary to Nigeria’s international obligations. Where appropriate, recommendations are made for consultation among relevant stakeholders for review of the amended Code to align it with the Copyright Act and Nigeria’s international obligations.
Multi-omics analysis to identify susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Bao Jiandong , Chen Zhishan , Villanueva Anna Díez , Wen Wanqing , Wang Fangqin , Zhao Dejian , Fu Xianghui , Cai Qiuyin , Long Jirong , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Deyou , Moreno Victor , Zheng Wei , Lin Weiqiang , Guo Xingyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Most genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are located in intergenic regions, implying pathogenic dysregulations of gene expression. However, comprehensive assessments of target genes in CRC remain to be explored. We conducted a multi-omics analysis using transcriptome and/or DNA methylation data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression, The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Colonomics projects. We identified 116 putative target genes for 45 GWAS-identified variants. Using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization approach (SMR), we demonstrated that the CRC susceptibility for 29 out of the 45 CRC variants may be mediated by cis-effects on gene regulation. At a cutoff of the Bonferroni-corrected PSMR &lt; 0.05, we determined 66 putative susceptibility genes, including 39 genes that have not been previously reported. We further performed in vitro assays for two selected genes, DIP2B and SFMBT1, and provide functional evidence that they play a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis via disrupting cell behavior, including migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our study reveals a large number of putative novel susceptibility genes and provides additional insight into the underlying mechanisms for CRC genetic risk loci.
The sovereignty deficit: Afterword to the Foreword by Neil Walker
Authors: Johns Fleur 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The frenzy of sovereign claiming that Neil Walker describes in his enthralling Foreword reveals more about sovereignty’s deficits, and prevailing anxieties about these deficits, than it evinces the expanding range of sovereignty. Sovereignty is clearly not eroding across the board, but it is far more fissured than Walker’s Foreword article suggests, as more and more modes of governmental power perforate, parse and parry it. Sovereignty captures how some things work, some of the time, and a good measure of political rhetoric and aspiration. As a comprehensive or incisive analytic for contemporary power, however, it is inadequate. This Afterword fleshes out this claim by presenting counter-narratives to each of the five dimensions of Walker’s analysis of contemporary mobilizations of sovereignty: decomposition as a counterpoint to Walker’s story of recomposition; routing around in contrast to his account of raising; ransoming rather than rationing; monomania in lieu of reinforcement; and fetishization instead of reduction. Insofar as people are everywhere today grasping for sovereign determinacy, this may reveal more about the exhaustion of sovereignty’s explanatory power than its continuing salience.
Reported County-Level Distribution of Lyme Disease Spirochetes,Borrelia burgdorferi sensu strictoandBorrelia mayonii(Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), in Host-SeekingIxodes scapularisandIxodes pacificusTicks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Fleshman Amy C , Graham Christine B , Maes Sarah E , Foster Erik , Eisen Rebecca J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. While Lyme disease vectors are widespread, high incidence states are concentrated in the Northeast, North Central and Mid-Atlantic regions. Mapping the distribution of Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks may aid in providing data-driven explanations of epidemiological trends and recommendations for targeting prevention strategies to communities at risk. We compiled data from the literature, publicly available tickborne pathogen surveillance databases, and internal CDC pathogen testing databases to map the county-level distribution of Lyme disease spirochetes reported in host-seeking Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis across the contiguous United States. We report B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected I. scapularis from 384 counties spanning 26 eastern states located primarily in the North Central, Northeastern, and Mid-Atlantic regions, and in I. pacificus from 20 counties spanning 2 western states, with most records reported from northern and north-coastal California. Borrelia mayonii was reported in I. scapularis in 10 counties in Minnesota and Wisconsin in the North Central United States, where records of B. burgdorferi s.s. were also reported. In comparison to a broad distribution of vector ticks, the resulting map shows a more limited distribution of Lyme disease spirochetes.
222 days without COVID in Taiwan: what are the reasons for this success?
Authors: Dai Chia-Yen , Dai Ting-Hsuan , Sheng Wang-Huei , Ho Chi-Kung 
Published: January 2021

The second wave of COVID-19 has been reported in many countries such as Vietnam after 99 days without any further local transmission since the first wave. Here we report on the success story in Taiwan in fighting the COVID-19, currently keeping 222 days without an indigenous case of COVID.
Resonant absorption of kink MHD waves in inclined and asymmetric coronal loops
Authors: Amiri S , Karami K , Ebrahimi Z 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper separately evaluates the effects of inclination and asymmetry of solar coronal loops on the resonant absorption of kink magnetohydrodynamic oscillations. We modelled a typical coronal loop by a straight and axisymmetric cylindrical magnetic flux tube filled with cold plasma. We solved the dispersion relation numerically for different values of the longitudinal mass density stratification. We show that, in inclined and asymmetric loops, the frequencies and their corresponding damping rates of the fundamental and first-overtone modes of kink oscillations are smaller in comparison with semi-circular uninclined loops with the same lengths. The results also indicate that, the period ratio P1/P2, increases with increasing the inclination of the loop, but it decreases less than $2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ while imposing the asymmetry to each loop side, up to $9.66{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the loop length. The ratio of each mode frequency to its corresponding damping rate remain unchanged approximately while the inclination or the asymmetry imposed. Hence, we conclude that these ratios are reliable for inferring the physical parameters of coronal loops and coronal medium, regardless of the loop shape or the state of its inclination. In addition, in contrast with the effect of asymmetry, which is not significant on the period ratio P1/P2, when an observed oscillating loop has a smaller apex height, the state of its inclination is an important factor that should be considered, especially when the period ratio P1/P2, is taken into consideration for coronal seismology.
gzK-colour-selected star-forming galaxies in the AKARI NEP-Deep Field
Authors: Seo Hyunjong , Jeong Woong-Seob , Shim Hyunjin , Kim Minjin , Ko Jongwan , Pyo Jeonghyun , Pearson Chris , Oi Nagisa , Goto Tomotsugu , Miyaji Takamitsu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the clustering property and physical parameters of gzK-colour-selected star-forming galaxies (sgzKs) based on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope surveys over 0.55 deg2 in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole-Deep Field. Two-point correlation functions for two magnitude-limited cases, Ks &lt; 21.1 (N = 234) and Ks &lt; 21.5 (N = 428), are estimated using a single power-law function with the fixed slope of 0.8. The bias factors of sgzKs with Ks &lt; 21.1 and 21.5 are 5.79 ± 1.07 and 4.00 ± 0.67, respectively, representing that sgzKs with z ∼ 1.7 reside in dark matter haloes more massive than $10^{13} ~\rm M_{\odot }$. We find that haloes hosting sgzKs with Ks &lt; 21.5 evolve into haloes that host local massive galaxies with ∼6 L*. This suggests that sgzKs with Ks &lt; 21.5 are likely to be predecessors of local massive galaxies. The evolutionary track of bias factor for host haloes of the bright sgzKs is similar to that of the bright passive extremely red objects, implying a possible connection between the two populations of galaxies. From the spectral energy distribution fitting, we estimate physical parameters and active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution for 75 mid-infrared (MIR)-detected sgzKs with Ks &lt; 21.5. The median values of stellar mass and star formation rate are 9.5 × 1010$\rm M_{\odot }$ and 162 $\rm M_{\odot }$ yr−1, respectively. MIR-detected sgzKs have a variety of AGN contributions ranging from 0 to 80 per cent. The number ratio of sgzKs with larger AGN contribution than 10 per cent is 30 per cent.
Jet parameters for a diverse sample of jet-launching post-AGB binaries
Authors: Bollen Dylan , Kamath Devika , Van Winckel Hans , De Marco Orsola , Wardle Mark 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Jets are a commonly observed phenomenon in post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binaries. Due to the orbital motion of the binary, the jet causes variable absorption in the Balmer profiles. In previous work, we have developed spatio-kinematic and radiative transfer models to reproduce the observed Balmer line variability and derive the spatio-kinematic structure of the jet and its mass-loss rate. Here, we apply our jet model to five post-AGB binaries with distinct H α line variability and diverse orbital properties. Our models fit the H α line variations very well. We estimate jet mass-loss rates between $10^{-8}\,$M$_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$ and $10^{-4}\,$ M$_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$, from which we deduce accretion rates on to the companion between $10^{-7}\,$ M$_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$ and $10^{-3}\,$ M$_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$. These accretion rates are somewhat higher than can be comfortably explained with reasonable sources of accretion, but we argue that the circumbinary disc in these systems is most likely the source feeding the accretion, although accretion from the post-AGB star cannot be ruled out. The diversity of the variability in the five objects is due to their wide ejection cones combined with a range of viewing angles, rather than inherent differences between the objects. The nature of the observations does not let us easily distinguish which jet launching model (stellar jet, disc wind, or X-wind) should be favoured. In conclusion, we show that our jet model includes the physical parameters to successfully reproduce the H α line variations and retrieve the structure and mass-loss rates of the jet for all five objects that are representative of the diverse sample of Galactic post-AGB binaries.
Targeted splice sequencing reveals RNA toxicity and therapeutic response in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Tanner Matthew K , Tang Zhenzhi , Thornton Charles A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Biomarker-driven trials hold promise for therapeutic development in chronic diseases, such as muscular dystrophy. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) involves RNA toxicity, where transcripts containing expanded CUG-repeats (CUGexp) accumulate in nuclear foci and sequester splicing factors in the Muscleblind-like (Mbnl) family. Oligonucleotide therapies to mitigate RNA toxicity have emerged but reliable measures of target engagement are needed. Here we examined muscle transcriptomes in mouse models of DM1 and found that CUGexp expression or Mbnl gene deletion cause similar dysregulation of alternative splicing. We selected 35 dysregulated exons for further study by targeted RNA sequencing. Across a spectrum of mouse models, the individual splice events and a composite index derived from all events showed a graded response to decrements of Mbnl or increments of CUGexp. Antisense oligonucleotides caused prompt reduction of CUGexp RNA and parallel correction of the splicing index, followed by subsequent elimination of myotonia. These results suggest that targeted splice sequencing may provide a sensitive and reliable way to assess therapeutic impact in DM1.