bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the social and ecological effectiveness of partially protected marine areas
Authors: Turnbull John W. , Johnston Emma L. , Clark Graeme F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary tool for the stewardship, conservation, and restoration of marine ecosystems, yet 69% of global MPAs are only partially protected (i.e., are open to some form of fishing). Although fully protected areas have well‐documented outcomes, including increased fish diversity and biomass, the effectiveness of partially protected areas is contested. Partially protected areas may provide benefits in some contexts and may be warranted for social reasons, yet social outcomes often depend on MPAs achieving their ecological goals to distinguish them from open areas and justify the cost of protection. We assessed the social perceptions and ecological effectiveness of 18 partially protected areas and 19 fully protected areas compared with 19 open areas along 7000 km of coast of southern Australia. We used mixed methods, gathering data via semistructured interviews, site surveys, and Reef Life (underwater visual census) surveys. We analyzed qualitative data in accordance with grounded theory and quantitative data with multivariate and univariate linear mixed‐effects models. We found no social or ecological benefits for partially protected areas relative to open areas in our study. Partially protected areas had no more fish, invertebrates, or algae than open areas; were poorly understood by coastal users; were not more attractive than open areas; and were not perceived to have better marine life than open areas. These findings provide an important counterpoint to some large‐scale meta‐analyses that conclude partially protected areas can be ecologically effective but that draw this conclusion based on narrower measures. We argue that partially protected areas act as red herrings in marine conservation because they create an illusion of protection and consume scarce conservation resources yet provide little or no social or ecological gain over open areas. Fully protected areas, by contrast, have more fish species and biomass and are well understood, supported, and valued by the public. They are perceived to have better marine life and be improving over time in keeping with actual ecological results. Conservation outcomes can be improved by upgrading partially protected areas to higher levels of protection including conversion to fully protected areas.
Emergent Shared Intentions Support Coordination During Collective Musical Improvisations
Authors: Goupil Louise , Wolf Thomas , Saint‐Germier Pierre , Aucouturier Jean‐Julien , Canonne Clément 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman interactions are often improvised rather than scripted, which suggests that efficient coordination can emerge even when collective plans are largely underspecified. One possibility is that such forms of coordination primarily rely on mutual influences between interactive partners, and on perception–action couplings such as entrainment or mimicry. Yet some forms of improvised joint actions appear difficult to explain solely by appealing to these emergent mechanisms. Here, we focus on collective free improvisation, a form of highly unplanned creative practice where both agents' subjective reports and the complexity of their interactions suggest that shared intentions may sometimes emerge to support coordination during the course of the improvisation, even in the absence of verbal communication. In four experiments, we show that shared intentions spontaneously emerge during collective musical improvisations, and that they foster coordination on multiple levels, over and beyond the mere influence of shared information. We also show that musicians deploy communicative strategies to manifest and propagate their intentions within the group, and that this predicts better coordination. Overall, our results suggest that improvised and scripted joint actions are more continuous with one another than it first seems, and that they differ merely in the extent to which they rely on emergent or planned coordination mechanisms.
Circadian clock genes promote glioma progression by affecting tumour immune infiltration and tumour cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Su Guanhua , Dai Ziyu , Meng Ming , Zhang Hao , Fan Fan , Liu Zhengzheng , Zhang Longbo , Weygant Nathaniel , He Fengqiong , Fang Ning , Zhang Liyang , Cheng Quan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesCircadian rhythm controls complicated physiological activities in organisms. Circadian clock genes have been related to tumour progression, but its role in glioma is unknown. Therefore, we explored the relationship between dysregulated circadian clock genes and glioma progression.Materials and MethodsSamples were divided into different groups based on circadian clock gene expression in training dataset (n = 672) and we verified the results in other four validating datasets (n = 1570). The GO and GSEA enrichment analysis were conducted to explore potential mechanism of how circadian clock genes affected glioma progression. The single‐cell RNA‐Seq analysis was conducted to verified previous results. The immune landscape was evaluated by the ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithm. Cell proliferation and viability were confirmed by the CCK8 assay, colony‐forming assay and flow cytometry.ResultsThe cluster and risk model based on circadian clock gene expression can predict survival outcome. Samples were scoring by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, and high scoring tumour was associated with worse survival outcome. Samples in high‐risk group manifested higher activation of immune pathway and cell cycle. Tumour immune landscape suggested high‐risk tumour infiltrated more immunocytes and more sensitivity to immunotherapy. Interfering TIMELESS expression affected circadian clock gene expression, inhibited tumour cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.ConclusionsDysregulated circadian clock gene expression can affect glioma progression by affecting tumour immune landscape and cell cycle. The risk model can predict glioma survival outcome, and this model can also be applied to pan‐cancer.
African Americans’ discussions about living‐donor kidney transplants with family or friends: Who, what, and why not?
Authors: DePasquale Nicole , Ellis Matthew J. , Sudan Debra L. , Ephraim Patti L. , McElroy Lisa M. , Mohottige Dinushika , Davenport Clemontina A. , Zhang Xiyuan , Peskoe Sarah B. , Strigo Tara S. , Cabacungan Ashley N. , Pounds Iris , Riley Jennie A. , Falkovic Margaret , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough discussions with family or friends can improve access to living‐donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), they remain an understudied step in the LDKT process.MethodsAmong 300 African American transplant candidates, we examined how sociodemographic, clinical, LDKT‐related, and psychosocial characteristics related to the occurrence of LDKT discussions with family or friends. We also analyzed the relation between discussion occurrence and donor activation on transplant candidates’ behalves (at least one donor inquiry or completed donor evaluation in the medical record). We assessed associations of discussion characteristics (context, content, and perceptions) with donor activation among discussants, and we identified discussion barriers among non‐discussants.ResultsMost candidates (90%) had discussed LDKT. Only family functioning was statistically significantly associated with discussion occurrence. Specifically, family dysfunction was associated with 62% lower odds of discussion than family function. Family functioning, discussion occurrence, and different discussion characteristics were statistically significantly related to donor activation. The most prevalent discussion barrier was never having thought about discussing LDKT.ConclusionsFamily functioning affected the likelihood of discussing LDKT, and family functioning, discussion occurrence, and discussion characteristics were associated with donor activation. Advancing understanding of how family functioning and LDKT discussions affect progression to LDKT may benefit interventions to increase LDKT.
Artificial intelligence in dermatopathology: Diagnosis, education, and research
Authors: Wells Amy , Patel Shaan , Lee Jason B. , Motaparthi Kiran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) utilizes computer algorithms to carry out tasks with human‐like intelligence. Convolutional neural networks, a type of deep learning AI, can classify basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, and conventional nevi, highlighting the potential for deep learning algorithms to improve diagnostic workflow in dermatopathology of highly routine diagnoses. Additionally, convolutional neural networks can support the diagnosis of melanoma and may help predict disease outcomes. Capabilities of machine learning in dermatopathology can extend beyond clinical diagnosis to education and research. Intelligent tutoring systems can teach visual diagnoses in inflammatory dermatoses, with measurable cognitive effects on learners. Natural language interfaces can instruct dermatopathology trainees to produce diagnostic reports that capture relevant detail for diagnosis in compliance with guidelines. Furthermore, deep learning can power computation‐ and population‐based research. However, there are many limitations of deep learning that need to be addressed before broad incorporation into clinical practice. The current potential of AI in dermatopathology is to supplement diagnosis, and dermatopathologist guidance is essential for the development of useful deep learning algorithms. Herein, the recent progress of AI in dermatopathology is reviewed with emphasis on how deep learning can influence diagnosis, education, and research.
Inherited ichthyosis and fungal infection: an update on pathogenesis and treatment strategies
Authors: Miao Huilei , Dong Ruijia , Zhang Shiyu , Yang Lu , Liu Yuehua , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2021

SummaryInherited ichthyoses are a group of genodermatoses classified as either nonsyndromic or syndromic. Nonsyndromic ichthyoses and keratitis, ichthyosis and deafness (KID) syndrome predispose to fungal infection. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections underlying ichthyoses are challenging. In this review, we summarize reported cases of ichthyosis with fungal infection over the past 50 years. Atypical manifestations such as alopecia, papules and brittle nails occurred in patients with ichthyosis combined with fungal infection. Various pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated, including mutations of ichthyosis‐related genes leading to disruption of the skin barrier via multiple pathways. Host immune disorders, including atopy and abnormal innate immunity also contribute to susceptibility. Specific fungi may escape the immune response. Extensive and recurrent fungal infections are not uncommon in patients with ichthyosis, making a cure more difficult and increasing the need for systemic antifungal therapy. Traditional and new ichthyosis treatments aiming to improve skin barrier function could help prevent fungal infection. In conclusion, the close relationship between ichthyosis and fungal infection is of vital importance in clinical practice and requires more attention from physicians. More studies are required to investigate the mechanisms and explore useful treatment strategies.
Faith and obedience in Bonhoeffer and the communicatio idiomatum
Authors: Yang Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article interprets Bonhoeffer's interrelated dialectic of faith and obedience through the Lutheran doctrine of communicatio idiomatum. As the church community concretely practices faith and obedience in Christ's person, this, I argue, involves participating in Christ's human and divine natures as the incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection dialectically work together. As Christ's humanity is communicated divine attributes, acts of human obedience incur and involve faith; similarly, just as Christ's divinity is communicated human attributes, the act of faith involves and motivates concrete acts of obedience.
Automated movement recognition to predict motor impairment in high‐risk infants: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raghuram Kamini , Orlandi Silvia , Church Paige , Chau Tom , Uleryk Elizabeth , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Shah Vibhuti 
Published: January 2021

AimTo assess the sensitivity and specificity of automated movement recognition in predicting motor impairment in high‐risk infants.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and identified additional studies from the references of relevant studies. We included studies that evaluated automated movement recognition in high‐risk infants to predict motor impairment, including cerebral palsy (CP) and non‐CP motor impairments. Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2. Meta‐analyses were performed using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models.ResultsOf 6536 articles, 13 articles assessing 59 movement variables in 1248 infants under 5 months corrected age were included. Of these, 143 infants had CP. The overall sensitivity and specificity for motor impairment were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.77) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75) respectively. Comparatively, clinical General Movements Assessment (GMA) was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 98% (95% CI 74–100) and 91% (95% CI 83–93) respectively. Sensor‐based technologies had higher specificity (0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.93).InterpretationAutomated movement recognition technology remains inferior to clinical GMA. The strength of this study is its meta‐analysis to summarize performance, although generalizability of these results is limited by study heterogeneity.What this paper adds

Automated movement recognition is sensitive and specific and warrants further investigation.

Sensor‐based technologies have higher specificity but are less portable.

The performance of automated movement recognition is inferior to clinical General Movements Assessment.

Emerging technologies such as 3D video analysis may improve its performance.
Effects of mindfulness‐ and acceptance‐based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in people with type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngan Hau Yi , Chong Yuen Yu , Chien Wai Tong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimFor people with type 2 diabetes, self management and fear of disease complication often cause psychological distress. Mindfulness and acceptance might be beneficial for reducing diabetes‐related distress and glycaemic level. We systematically review the effects of mindfulness‐ and acceptance‐based interventions on diabetes distress and glycaemic level in community‐dwelling adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsSeven electronic databases (English and Chinese) were searched comprehensively from inception to June 2020. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria.ResultsNine RCTs (801 participants) examining the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, mindfulness‐based stress reduction and self‐directed mindfulness practice were included. In the reviewed RCTs, the majority of participants (mean age: 50–66 years, average disease duration: 4–10 years) had suboptimal diabetes control (HbA1c >7.0%, 53 mmol/mol). Compared with controls, the interventions significantly reduced diabetes distress (standardised mean difference, SMD = −0.37, 95% confidence intervals, CI: −0.63, −0.12; p < 0.01) and HbA1c (mean difference, MD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.67, −0.04; p = 0.03) up to 1‐month post‐intervention. However, the underpowered studies may have led to overestimation, the interventions for diabetes distress and HbA1c were heterogeneous.ConclusionsWithin evidenced‐based diabetes education programmes, mindfulness‐ and acceptance‐based approaches may reduce distress and HbA1c levels and promote self care in people with type 2 diabetes. Further controlled trials are recommended to examine the clinical effectiveness of such programmes for people with type 2 diabetes of diverse clinical, cultural and socio‐demographic backgrounds.
Stroke risk reassessment and oral anticoagulant initiation in primary care patients with atrial fibrillation: A ten‐year follow‐up
Authors: Bezabhe Woldesellassie M. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Radford Jan , Wimmer Barbara C. , Salahudeen Mohammed S. , Garrahy Edward , Bindoff Ivan , Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the change in stroke risk over time and determine the proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were initiated on an oral anticoagulant (OAC) as their stroke risk increased from low/moderate to high, using the Australian general practice data set, MedicineInsight.MethodsA total of 2296 patients diagnosed with AF between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2008, aged 18 years or older and not initiated on an OAC before 2009, were included. We assessed the change in stroke risk and the proportion of patients who had a recorded prescription of an OAC, each year from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018.ResultsAt baseline, 23.9%, 22.9% and 53.2% were categorised as being at low (score = 0), moderate (score = 1) and high stroke risk (score ≥ 2), respectively, using the sexless CHA2DS2‐VASc (CHA2DS2‐VA) score. Overall, the CHA2DS2‐VA score increased by a mean of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.29‐1.39) points over the study period. Nearly two‐thirds of patients (65%, 412/632) whose stroke risk changed from baseline low/moderate to high were subsequently prescribed an OAC. The median (interquartile range) lag time from becoming high stroke risk to having OAC initiation was 2 (5) years.ConclusionsNearly one‐third of patients reclassified as being at high risk of stroke during the study period were not prescribed OAC therapy. Furthermore, the delay in OAC initiation following classification as being at high risk was a median of 2 years, suggesting that more frequent stroke reassessment is needed.
Prognosis of teeth in mandibular fracture lines
Authors: Lee Won‐Bum , Kim Yong‐Deok , Shin Sang‐Hun , Lee Jae‐Yeol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTeeth in a jaw fracture line, because of the presence of the periodontal ligament, may communicate with the oral cavity. There are no guidelines for the management of teeth in mandibular fracture lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to dental problems with teeth involved in mandibular fracture lines and to determine the best treatment option.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study was based on the medical and radiographic records of patients with mandibular fractures. The relationships among the patient’s age, gender, smoking history, amount of bony displacement, surgery, trauma‐surgery period, apical involvement, tooth mobility, and periodontal status were investigated. Group comparisons were performed using the chi‐squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultA total of 238 patients (247 fracture lines) with mandibular fractures including a tooth in the line of the fracture were examined. Post‐operative dental complications occurred in 42 cases (17.0%). Extraction of related teeth occurred in 34 cases (80.9%) compared to eight cases (19.0%) related to root canal therapy. This study defined “dental problem” as “a case with a tooth extracted or endodontically treated after trauma.” The variables associated with an increased risk of dental problems were the amount of bony displacement (p < .01), tooth mobility (p < .01), and pre‐existing marginal alveolar bone loss (p = .027).ConclusionThe prognosis of teeth in mandibular fracture lines was related to tooth mobility, periodontal state, and the amount of bony displacement.
Straying of brown trout in the catchment of a large New Zealand river evaluated by otolith microchemistry
Authors: Mikheev Pavel B. , Jarvis Matt G. , Matthaei Christoph D. , Ingram Travis , Reid Malcolm R. , Nikiforov Andrey I. , Chernienko Igor S. , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatal homing and straying are behavioural tactics of migratory animals that return to nursery habitats to breed as adults. Straying has evolutionary and ecological importance for species flexibility, interpopulation connectivity and success of invasive species in new environments. This study aimed to estimate the relative importance of straying and homing in introduced brown trout Salmo trutta spawning in a model coastal tributary (Silverstream) of a large New Zealand river using otolith microchemistry. The data on natal homing and straying are important for the understanding of the ecological resilience of salmonid populations and metapopulations, and the development of effective management measures at stream or catchment scales. To examine brown trout homing and straying in a river catchment, otolith microchemical analysis was applied. We used linear discriminant function analysis to compare the trace element composition in the otoliths of YoY (young‐of‐the‐year) trout collected at spawning streams across the catchment and adult trout reproducing in Silverstream. The results showed that only six from a sample of 30 spawning adults in Silverstream originated from Silverstream. Another 14 fish likely originated from other Taieri tributaries further upstream, but the origin of the remaining 10 could not be determined. Contrary to published studies based on wild populations of brown trout in Europe, and several other species of salmonids, a large proportion of brown trout spawners collected in Silverstream were strays. The large number of strayers identified in Silverstream may be a consequence of the geomorphology of the Taieri catchment and highlights the adaptability of brown trout to different environmental contexts.