bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonaceous Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: From Defect and Doping‐Induced Activity over Hybrid Compounds to Ordered Framework Structures
Authors: Zoller Florian , Häringer Sebastian , Böhm Daniel , Luxa Jan , Sofer Zdeněk , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is expected to be of great importance for the future energy conversion and storage in form of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Besides the traditional noble‐metal or transition metal oxide‐based catalysts, carbonaceous electrocatalysts are of great interest due to their huge structural and compositional variety and unrestricted abundance. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field of carbon‐based OER catalysts ranging from “pure” or unintentionally doped carbon allotropes over heteroatom‐doped carbonaceous materials and carbon/transition metal compounds to metal oxide composites where the role of carbon is mainly assigned to be a conductive support. Furthermore, the review discusses the recent developments in the field of ordered carbon framework structures (metal organic framework and covalent organic framework structures) that potentially allow a rational design of heteroatom‐doped 3D porous structures with defined composition and spatial arrangement of doping atoms to deepen the understanding on the OER mechanism on carbonaceous structures in the future. Besides introducing the structural and compositional origin of electrochemical activity, the review discusses the mechanism of the catalytic activity of carbonaceous materials, their stability under OER conditions, and potential synergistic effects in combination with metal (or metal oxide) co‐catalysts.
Two‐dimensional magnetic transition metal chalcogenides
Authors: Huang Yu Li , Chen Wei , Wee Andrew T. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe field of two‐dimensional (2D) magnets has expanded rapidly during the past several years since the first demonstration of intrinsic 2D magnetism in atomically thin CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6 in 2017. 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), a class of strongly correlated materials, have exhibited a wide variety of novel electronic and optical properties, and more recently magnetism. Here, we review recent experimental progress achieved in the growth of 2D magnetic TMC materials using chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy methods. Outstanding examples include the demonstration of room temperature intrinsic and extrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer VSe2, MnSe2, Cr3Te4, V‐doped WSe2, and so on. A brief discussion on the origin of the exotic magnetic properties and emergent phenomena is also presented. Finally, we summarize the remaining challenges and future perspective on the development of 2D magnetic materials for next‐generation spintronic devices.
Sex and APOE genotype differences related to statin use in the aging population
Authors: Dagliati Arianna , Peek Niels , Brinton Roberta Diaz , Geifman Nophar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSignificant evidence suggests that the cholesterol‐lowering statins can affect cognitive function and reduce the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. These potential effects may be constrained by specific combinations of an individual's sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.MethodsHere we examine data from 252,327 UK Biobank participants, aged 55 or over, and compare the effects of statin use in males and females. We assessed difference in statin treatments taking a matched cohort approach, and identified key stratifiers using regression models and conditional inference trees. Using statistical modeling, we further evaluated the effect of statins on survival, cognitive decline over time, and on AD prevalence.ResultsWe identified that in the selected population, males were older, had a higher level of education, better cognitive scores, higher incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and a higher rate of statin use. We observed that males and those participants with anAPOEε4–positive genotype had higher probabilities of being treated with statins; while participants with an AD diagnosis had slightly lower probabilities. We found that use of statins was not significantly associated with overall higher rates of survival. However, when considering the interaction of statin use with sex, the results suggest higher survival rates in males treated with statins. Finally, examination of cognitive function indicates a potential beneficial effect of statins that is selective forAPOEε4–positive genotypes.DiscussionOur evaluation of the aging population in a large cohort from the UK Biobank confirms sex andAPOEgenotype as fundamental risk stratifiers for AD and cognitive function, furthermore it extends them to the specific area of statin use, clarifying their specific interactions with treatments.
Recombinant human interferon‐α14 for the treatment of canine allergic pruritic disease in eight dogs
Authors: Beirão Breno C. B. , Taraciuk Aline C. , Trentin Carolina , Ingberman Max , Caron Luiz F. , McKenzie Chris , Stimson William H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic pruritic diseases are increasingly common in dogs. This group of conditions hampers life quality as pruritus progressively interferes with normal behaviours. Therefore, new treatment modalities for canine allergic pruritic diseases are necessary. While novel drugs have recently reached the market, there is still the need for other therapeutic approaches. Some dogs are refractory even to the newer compounds, and cost is also an important issue for these. Older therapeutic modalities are only moderately successful or have considerable secondary effects, as is the case with glucocorticoids.ObjectivesReport on the use of recombinant human interferon‐α14 (rhIFN‐α14) for the treatment of canine allergic pruritus. Following the experience with a similar compound in the Japanese market, it was expected that rhIFN‐α14 could alter the Th1/Th2 disbalance that drives these diseases.MethodsHere, we present an uncontrolled trial in which eight dogs with clinical diagnosis of allergic pruritus were treated with rhIFN‐α14, either orally or via subcutaneous injections. Skin condition, microbiota and anti‐interferon antibody levels were assessed.ResultsThe parenteral use of interferon induced hypersensitivity in two of the three dogs in which it was used. The oral administration was consistently safe and could reduce signs of the allergic condition in three of the five treated animals. Treatment also altered the skin microbiota, as verified by next‐generation sequencing.ConclusionThe present results indicate that rhIFN‐α14 is a viable candidate for the treatment of canine allergic pruritus. Future controlled studies are needed, and the oral route is indicated for further trials.
Hydrologic Precursors
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPredicting earthquakes is a long-desired goal. The main challenge is to identify precursory signals that reliably predict the impending earthquake. Since hydrological and hydrogeochemical properties and processes can be very sensitive to minute strains, the hope is that measurements from hydrological systems might record precursory rock deformation that would otherwise be undetectable. Of the many hundreds of studies, we review a subset to illustrate how signals can be challenging to interpret and highlight questions raised by observations—examples come from China, Japan, Taiwan, India, the USA, Russia, France, Italy and Iceland. All are retrospective studies. Some signals seem to have no other explanation than being precursory, however, rarely is enough data available to undertake a thorough analysis. Some hydrological precursors might be recording deformation events that are slower than traditional earthquakes (and hence usually harder to detect). Long times series of data are critical for both identifying putative precursors and assessing their origin and reliability.
Groundwater Temperature
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges of temperature in response to earthquakes have long been documented and, in the case where systematic patterns of change can be discerned, may reveal important hydrogeologic processes. Progress in our understanding of these processes, however, has been slow, largely because systematic measurements are relatively scarce. In this chapter we review some cases where earthquake-induced changes of groundwater temperature were documented and interpreted. More importantly, we show that most interpretations are under-constrained and accurate explanation of the measured changes is often difficult. In order to better constrain the interpretation, co-located measurement of groundwater flow from conductive fractures or formations intersecting the wells is needed to interpret temperature measurements. An often neglected mechanism is turbulent mixing of water in wells, which may occur frequently during earthquakes because the water column in a well at thermal equilibrium with the local geotherm is usually in a state of mechanical disequilibrium.
Local G2-manifolds, Higgs bundles and a colored quantum mechanics
Authors: Hübner Max 
Published: May 2021

AbstractM-theory on localG2-manifolds engineers 4d minimally supersymmetric gauge theories. We consider ALE-fiberedG2-manifolds and study the 4d physics from the view point of a partially twisted 7d supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and its Higgs bundle. Euclidean M2-brane instantons descend to non-perturbative effects of the 7d supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, which are found to be in one to one correspondence with the instantons of a colored supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We compute the contributions of M2-brane instantons to the 4d superpotential in the effective 7d description via localization in the colored quantum mechanics. Further we consider non-split Higgs bundles and analyze their 4d spectrum.
Global fits in the Aligned Two-Higgs-Doublet model
Authors: Eberhardt Otto , Martínez Ana Peñuelas , Pich Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the results of a global fit to the Aligned Two-Higgs Doublet Model, assuming that there are no new sources of CP violation beyond the quark mixing matrix. We use the most constraining flavour observables, electroweak precision measurements and the available data on Higgs signal strengths and collider searches for heavy scalars, together with the theoretical requirements of perturbativity and positivity of the scalar potential. The combination of all these constraints restricts the values of the scalar masses, the couplings of the scalar potential and the flavour-alignment parameters. The numerical fits have been performed using the open-source HEPfit package.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring psychiatric disorder: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Brannigan Ross , Tanskanen Antti , Huttunen Matti O. , Cannon Mary , Leacy Finbarr P. , Clarke Mary C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is evidence that prenatal stress and smoking during pregnancy both independently increase the risk of offspring psychopathology. Here we examine whether increased levels of self-reported stress is associated with increased smoking in a population of pregnant women, and whether prenatal smoking is associated with offspring psychiatric diagnoses independent of prenatal stress exposure.

Method
Using a longitudinal birth cohort, we used ordered logistic regressions to examine associations between maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy. We then used logistic regression analyses to examine associations between prenatal smoking and later offspring psychiatric disorders.

Results
A dose–response relationship was found between maternally reported stress and smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant women reporting severe stress were more likely to smoke compared to both the moderate stress and no stress groups, and those reporting moderate stress were significantly more likely to smoke compared to the no stress group. Smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily during pregnancy increased the risk of offspring personality disorder (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.60–5.94) as well as developing any Axis 1 psychiatric disorder, inclusive of mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04–2.04). After adjusting for parental psychiatric history and maternal self-reported stress during pregnancy, associations between smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily when pregnancy and offspring personality (OR 2.58 95% CI 1.32–5.06) disorder remained.

Conclusion
Exposure to cigarette smoking during gestation could impact a child’s mental health. Smoking during pregnancy is a prime target for preventative interventions as unlike most other environmental risk factors, it is very amenable to change.
Limit lamination theorem for H-disks
Authors: Meeks William H. , Tinaglia Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe the lamination limits of sequences of compact disks $$M_n$$

M
n

embedded in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

with constant mean curvature $$H_n$$

H
n

, when the boundaries of these disks tend to infinity. This theorem generalizes to the non-zero constant mean curvature case Theorem 0.1 by Colding and Minicozzi (Ann Math 160:573–615, 2004) for minimal disks. We apply this theorem to prove the existence of a chord arc result for compact disks embedded in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

with constant mean curvature; this chord arc result generalizes Theorem 0.5 by Colding and Minicozzi (Ann Math 167:211–243, 2008) for minimal disks.
An Integrative, Multiparametric Approach for the Comprehensive Assessment of Microbial Quality and Pollution in Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Stabili Loredana , Di Salvo Marco , Alifano Pietro , Talà Adelfia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs the aquaculture sector significantly expanded worldwide in the past decades, the concept of sustainable aquaculture has developed with the challenge of not only maximizing benefits but also minimizing the negative impacts on the environment assuring, at the same time, food security. In this framework, monitoring and improving the microbiological water quality and animal health are a central topic. In the present study, we evaluated the seawater microbiological quality in a mariculture system located in a Mediterranean coastal area (Northern Ionian Sea, Italy). We furnished, for the first time, a microbial inventory based on conventional culture-based methods, integrated with the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach for vibrios identification and diversity analyses, and further implemented with microbial metabolic profiling data obtained from the Biolog EcoPlate system. Microbiological pollution indicators, vibrios diversity, and microbial metabolism were determined in two different times of the year (July and December). All microbial parameters measured in July were markedly increased compared to those measured in December. The presence of potentially pathogenic vibrios is discussed concerning the risk of fish disease and human infections. Thus, the microbial inventory here proposed might represent a new multiparametric approach for the suitable surveillance of the microbial quality in a mariculture system. Consequently, it could be useful for ensuring the safety of both the reared species and the consumers in the light of sustainable, eco-friendly aquaculture management.
Impact of artificial intelligence support on accuracy and reading time in breast tomosynthesis image interpretation: a multi-reader multi-case study
Authors: van Winkel Suzanne L. , Rodríguez-Ruiz Alejandro , Appelman Linda , Gubern-Mérida Albert , Karssemeijer Nico , Teuwen Jonas , Wanders Alexander J. T. , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Mann Ritse M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increases sensitivity of mammography and is increasingly implemented in breast cancer screening. However, the large volume of images increases the risk of reading errors and reading time. This study aims to investigate whether the accuracy of breast radiologists reading wide-angle DBT increases with the aid of an artificial intelligence (AI) support system. Also, the impact on reading time was assessed and the stand-alone performance of the AI system in the detection of malignancies was compared to the average radiologist.

Methods
A multi-reader multi-case study was performed with 240 bilateral DBT exams (71 breasts with cancer lesions, 70 breasts with benign findings, 339 normal breasts). Exams were interpreted by 18 radiologists, with and without AI support, providing cancer suspicion scores per breast. Using AI support, radiologists were shown examination-based and region-based cancer likelihood scores. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and reading time per exam were compared between reading conditions using mixed-models analysis of variance.

Results
On average, the AUC was higher using AI support (0.863 vs 0.833; p = 0.0025). Using AI support, reading time per DBT exam was reduced (p < 0.001) from 41 (95% CI = 39–42 s) to 36 s (95% CI = 35– 37 s). The AUC of the stand-alone AI system was non-inferior to the AUC of the average radiologist (+0.007, p = 0.8115).

Conclusions
Radiologists improved their cancer detection and reduced reading time when evaluating DBT examinations using an AI reading support system.

Key Points
• Radiologists improved their cancer detection accuracy in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) when using an AI system for support, while simultaneously reducing reading time.
• The stand-alone breast cancer detection performance of an AI system is non-inferior to the average performance of radiologists for reading digital breast tomosynthesis exams.
• The use of an AI support system could make advanced and more reliable imaging techniques more accessible and could allow for more cost-effective breast screening programs with DBT.
Recent weakening in the winter ENSO teleconnection over the North Atlantic-European region
Authors: Ivasić Sara , Herceg-Bulić Ivana , King Martin P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew observational evidence for variability of the atmospheric response to wintertime El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is found. Using different approaches and datasets, a weakening in the recent ENSO teleconnection over the North Atlantic-European (NAE) region is demonstrated. Changes in both pattern and strength of the teleconnection indicate a turning point in the 1970s with a shift from a response resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to an anomaly pattern orthogonal to NAO with very weak or statistically non-significant values; and to nearly non-existent teleconnection in the most recent decades. Results shows the importance of the background sea surface temperature (SST) state and sea-ice climatology having opposite effects in modulating the ENSO-NAE teleconnection. As indicated with targeted simulations, the recent change in the SST climatology in the Atlantic and Arctic has contributed to the weakening of the ENSO effect. The findings of this study can have implications on our understanding of modulations of ENSO teleconnections and ENSO as a source of predictability in the NAE sector.
Cancer is associated with inferior outcome in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Seystahl Katharina , Hug Alessia , Weber Sung Ju , Kapitza Sandra , Gramatzki Dorothee , Wanner Miriam , Katan Mira , Luft Andreas R. , Rohrmann Sabine , Wegener Susanne , Weller Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Whether patients with stroke and cancer exhibit specific characteristics has remained controversial.

Methods
Medical records of patients with ischemic stroke in 2014 or 2015 registered in the Swiss Stroke Registry of Zurich were retrospectively analyzed and integrated with regional cancer registry data. Associations of clinical and outcome parameters with cancer diagnosed up to 5 years prior to stroke were tested.

Results
Of 753 patients with ischemic stroke, 59 patients with cancer were identified. History of venous thromboembolism (p < 0.001) was associated with cancer while age and cardiovascular risk factors were not. Higher levels of D-dimers (p = 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.003), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), and lower levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.003) were associated with cancer. For platelets, pathologically low (p = 0.034) or high levels (p < 0.001) were linked to cancer. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores ≥ 4 on admission and at follow-up were more frequent in cancer patients (p = 0.038 and p = 0.001). Poor post-stroke survival was associated with cancer (HR 2.2, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified venous thromboembolism (OR 5.1), pathologic platelet count (OR = 2.9), low hemoglobin (OR 2.5) and elevated CRP (OR 1.8) as independently associated with cancer. In multivariable Cox regression, risk for death was associated with cancer (HR 1.7), low hemoglobin (HR 2.6), mRS on admission ≥ 4 (HR 1.9), pathologic platelet count (HR 1.6), female sex (HR 1.7), and elevated CRP (HR 1.4).

Conclusions
Considering cancer as a cofactor for post-stroke outcome may impact clinical decision making.
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and human patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah D. , Alouffi Abdulazi S. , Alyousif Mohamed S. , Rahi Abdulsadah A. , Ali Magda A. , Abdullah Hend H. A. M. , Brayner Fabio A. , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Bezerra-Santos Marcos Antonio , Otranto Domenico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when they occur in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. To assess the frequency and to identify the species of Leishmania that infect humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients who were suspected for Leishmania infection were examined for CL by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Seven (25.9%) out of 27 human patients scored positive for Leishmania spp. (i.e., L. major in five patients from Riyadh and L. tropica in two patients from Al-Qaseem). Out of 311 dogs, five (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Data herein presented demonstrate the occurrence of L. tropica in dogs and humans in Saudi Arabia, as well as the occurrence of L. major in humans.