bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact that family members’ health care experiences have on patients’ trust in physicians
Authors: Oguro Nao , Suzuki Ryo , Yajima Nobuyuki , Sakurai Kosuke , Wakita Takafumi , Hall Mark A. , Kurita Noriaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
A family member’s negative experiences with medical care have long-term effects on a patient’s attitudes and emotions. However, the impact of family members’ experiences on patients’ trust in their own physicians and in physicians generally is poorly understood. This study aims to quantify these associations.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey involving adults with non-communicable diseases (cardiac disease, diabetes, cancer, depression, and rheumatic disease) was conducted in Japan during April 2020. The main exposure variable was dissatisfaction with the medical care that family members had received. The main outcomes were patients’ (N = 661) own trust in their personal physicians and in physicians generally. The study adopted the Japanese version of the Abbreviated Wake Forest Physician Trust Scales. Both 5-item scales (general and individual physician trust) were translated and validated for the study. The total scores were transformed into a scale of 0-100 points. A series of linear mixed-effects models with consideration for clustering effect by prefectures were fit.

Results
The results showed a lower rating for trust in physicians generally as compared to trust in the respondent’s personal physician (mean 57.0 vs. 66.4 points; p < 0.001). Furthermore, dissatisfaction with a family member’s medical care was associated with lower trust in physicians generally (mean difference − 9.58, 95 %CI -12.4 to -6.76). Interestingly, dissatisfaction with a family member’s care was also associated with lower trust in the respondent’s personal physician (mean difference − 3.19, 95 %CI -6.02 to -0.36), but the magnitude of this association was weaker. The lower trust in personal physicians may be mediated by reduced trust in physicians generally.

Conclusions
We suggest that physicians enquire about past patients’ negative experiences, including dissatisfaction with family members’ medical care, to repair hidden loss of trust, when they sense that patients doubt them or physicians generally.
Pirfenidone vs. nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Marijic Pavo , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Schwettmann Lars , Ruhnke Thomas , Trudzinski Franziska , Kreuter Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are licensed for the treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is neither evidence from prospective data nor a guideline recommendation, which drug should be preferred over the other. This study aimed to compare pirfenidone and nintedanib-treated patients regarding all-cause mortality, all-cause and respiratory-related hospitalizations, and overall as well as respiratory-related health care costs borne by the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study with SHI data was performed, including IPF patients treated either with pirfenidone or nintedanib. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores was applied to adjust for observed covariates. Weighted Cox models were estimated to analyze mortality and hospitalization. Weighted cost differences with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied for cost analysis.

Results
We compared 840 patients treated with pirfenidone and 713 patients treated with nintedanib. Both groups were similar regarding two-year all-cause mortality (HR: 0.90 95% CI: 0.76; 1.07), one-year all cause (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.95; 1.25) and respiratory-related hospitalization (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72; 1.08). No significant differences were observed regarding total (€− 807, 95% CI: €− 2977; €1220) and respiratory-related (€− 1282, 95% CI: €− 3423; €534) costs.

Conclusion
Our analyses suggest that the patient-related outcomes mortality, hospitalization, and costs do not differ between the two currently available antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib. Hence, the decision on treatment with pirfenidone versus treatment with nintedanib ought to be made case-by-case taking clinical characteristics, comorbidities, comedications, individual risk of side effects, and patients’ preferences into account.
Is walking netball an effective, acceptable and feasible method to increase physical activity and improve health in middle- to older age women?: A RE-AIM evaluation
Authors: Kinnafick F. E. , Brinkley A. J. , Bailey S. J. , Adams E. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for health and wellbeing, all-cause mortality and healthy aging. However, for middle- to older-age females less is known about the benefits of sports participation on these outcomes. Further, the acceptability and feasibility of setting-up, implementing and maintaining sports-based programmes for an aging population is an understudied area of inquiry. The current study used the RE-AIM framework to investigate a nationwide Walking Netball (WN) programme.

Methods
The evaluation used a mixed-methods approach incorporating a multiple-baseline study, quasi-experimental study, programme monitoring data and qualitative studies to evaluate the programme in the Women’s Institutes (WI) in England. Data were analysed using multilevel growth modelling, mixed-design ANOVAs, multilevel regression, t-testing, and thematic analysis. Data were triangulated to address each dimension of the RE-AIM framework.

Findings
The programme reached 1.4% (n = 3148) of the WI population across 82.0% of WI regions in England and attracted inactive members at risk of ill-health. WN contributed to adaptations in physical function, mental health and wellbeing, social isolation, quality of life and increased physical activity. The adoption of the programme was successful with 87.7% WN groups’ maintaining participation beyond the 20-session initial delivery phase. Adoption was effective because of its set-up, peer-mentorship and long-term delivery; these factors likewise shaped implementation. Adapting and tailoring WN to the varying characteristics of participants within the WI and the facilities available, along with training delivery staff and providing resources are key programme components. The Walking Netball programme can be maintained through promotion within the local community, sustainable funding, inter-WI competitions, festivals and networks, multiple-hosts and continued host development.

Conclusions
WN was found to be an acceptable, feasible and effective intervention to increase physical activity and improve health in middle- to older- aged women. Future programmes may consider adapted styles of set-up and delivery. These include adapting to people, places and spaces through personalised support and providing a range of resources. Future designs may seek to understand how participation can contribute to healthy aging through longitudinal research beyond 12-months.

Study registration
The evaluation protocol was published in Open Science Framework in December 2018 prior to follow-up data collection being collected (https://www.osf.io/dcekz). Date of registration: 17 December 2018.
Variables affecting pricing of orphan drugs: the Italian case
Authors: Jommi Claudio , Listorti Elisabetta , Villa Federico , Ghislandi Simone , Genazzani Armando , Cangini Agnese , Trotta Francesco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimEvidence on determinants of prices for orphan medicines is scarce and not available for Italy. The aim of this paper is to provide an evidence on variables affecting the annual treatment cost of orphan drugs in Italy, testing the hypothesis of a negative correlation with the dimension of the target population and a positive correlation with the added therapeutic value of the drug and the quality of the evidence of pivotal studies.MethodsDrugs with a European orphan designation reimbursed in Italy in the last 6 years (2014–2019) were considered. Univariate, cluster analysis and multiple regression models were used to investigate the correlation between the annual treatment cost and, as explanatory variables, the dimension of the target population, the existence of Randomized Clinical Trials as a proxy of the quality of the pivotal studies, the added therapeutic value.ResultsIn the univariate analysis prevalence and added therapeutic value, as expected, have a negative and positive correlation with cost respectively. The correlation with RCT is not significant. In the multivariate model, coefficients for prevalence and added value are confirmed but for the latter are not significant anymore. We also found, through an interaction analysis, that the existence of an RCT has a positive impact on annual treatment cost when the target population is very small.ConclusionsOur results suggest that value arguments and sustainability (dimension of the target population and its impact on budget impact) issues are considered for orphan drugs pricing: the role played by sustainability is systematically supported by our results. A more transparent and reproducible price negotiation process for orphan drugs is needed in Italy. This paper has contributed to highlight the implicit drivers of this process.
Efficacy of acupuncture based on acupoint combination theory for irritable bowel syndrome: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Jing-wen , Sun Ming-liang , Li Da , Zhao Jun , Shi Su-hua , Li Hui-xia , Liu Hui-min , Gao Jun-xia , Hu Yu , Zheng Hui , Wang Xin , Xue Rong-dan , Feng Xue , Yu Shu-guang , Li Zhi-gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, and changes in defecation patterns. No organic disease is found to explain these symptoms by routine clinical examination. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for IBS patients compared with those of conventional treatments. We also aim to identify the optimal acupoint combination recommended for IBS and to clarify the clinical advantage of the “multiacupoint co-effect and synergistic effect.”

Methods and analysis
A total of 204 eligible patients who meet the Rome IV criteria for IBS will be randomly stratified into acupuncture group A, acupuncture group B, or the control group in a 1:1:1 ratio with a central web-based randomization system. The prespecified acupoints used in the control group will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Neiguan (PC6), and Zusanli (ST36). The prespecified acupoints used in experimental group A will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Neiguan (PC6). The prespecified acupoints used in experimental group B will include bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Zusanli (ST36). Each patient will receive 12 acupuncture treatments over 4 weeks and will be followed up for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the IBS-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) score. The secondary outcomes include the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), Work and Social Adjustment Score (WSAS), IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Both the primary outcome and the secondary outcome measures will be collected at baseline, at 2 and 4 weeks during the intervention, and at 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
The entire project has been approved by the ethics committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2020BZYLL0903).

Discussion
This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial for IBS in China. The findings may shed light on the efficacy of acupuncture as an alternative to conventional IBS treatment. The results of the trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2000041215. First registered on 12 December 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Sex-specific association of hair cortisol concentration with stress-related psychological factors in healthy young adults
Authors: Kim Won Jae , Park Kyung Mee , Park Jung Tak , Seo Eunchong , An Suk Kyoon , Park Hye Yoon , Lee Eun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has received attention as a useful marker of stress, but evidence on associations between psychological factors and cortisol concentration is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in the relationship between cortisol concentration and psychological factors in healthy young adults.

Methods
A total of 205 (103 females, 102 males) healthy young adults participated. HCC and various stress-related psychological measures were compared between sexes. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between HCC and stress-related psychological measures for all participants and for each sex.

Results
The difference in HCC according to sex was not significant. The reported number of stressful life events in the past year, stress perception, depressive and anxiety-related symptoms, and emotion dysregulation were not different between sexes, either. The association between HCC and emotion dysregulation was significant in females but not males.

Conclusion
We observed a sex-specific association between HCC and psychological factors. Our findings may imply that HCC could be a useful biomarker of stress and stress-related emotion dysregulation in healthy young women.
Gouty tophus as a rare cause of a Hepple stage V osteochondral lesion of the talus
Authors: Tang Bo , Fan Cheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Talus osteochondral lesion is commonly associated with trauma, avascular necrosis or even genetic factors, but gouty tophus as a cause of Hepple stage V type talus osteochondral lesion is rare.

Case presentation
Here, we report a case of an 18-year-old man who complained of left medial deep ankle pain on ambulation. This young man had an extreme liking of sea food rich in purines and also sugar-sweetened drinks. He was diagnosed with a Hepple stage V type talus osteochondral lesion and was treated with medial malleolus osteotomy and an osteochondral graft. The talus osteochondral lesion was found to be a gouty tophus and was completely removed. Hypouricemic therapy was prescribed for 2 months, which allowed the patient to walk with a visual analogue score (VAS) score of 1. He was followed up for 12 months.

Conclusions
Young people with an extreme liking of sea food rich in purines and also sugar-sweetened drinks may be at a risk of developing gout. Acute onset of ankle atraumatic pain, swelling with a high level of serum uric acid and a talus osteochondral lesion with cyst formation should make physicians consider a diagnosis of gout.
Binge eating among older women: prevalence rates and health correlates across three independent samples
Authors: Wilfred Salomé Adelia , Becker Carolyn Black , Kanzler Kathryn E. , Musi Nicolas , Espinoza Sara E. , Kilpela Lisa Smith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Emerging research indicates that binge eating (BE; consuming unusually large amounts of food in one siting while feeling a loss of control) is prevalent among older women. Yet, health correlates of BE in older adult populations are poorly understood. The original study aimed to investigate BE prevalence, frequency, and health correlates in a sample of older adult women. Based on results from this first study, we then sought to replicate findings in two additional samples of older adult women from separate studies.

Method
Using self-reported frequencies of BE from three separate samples of older women with very different demographics, we compared BE prevalence, frequency, and health correlates among older women. Study 1 (N = 185) includes data collected online (86% White; 59% overweight/obese status). Study 2 (N = 64) was conducted in person at a local food pantry (65% Hispanic; 47% household income < $10,000/year). Study 3 (N = 100) comprises data collected online (72% White; 50% Masters/Doctoral Degree).

Results
Per DSM-5 frequency criterion of BE at least weekly, we found prevalence rates ranging from 19 to 26% across the three samples. Correlates of BE frequency included elevated negative mood, worry, BMI, and less nutritious food consumption.

Conclusions
Across three very different samples in terms of race/ethnicity, education, food security status, measurements, and sampling methodology, we found fairly consistent rates of self-reported BE at least weekly (19–26%). Results suggest that BE is related to negative health indices among older women and support the need for more research in this population.
The effects of quercetin on seizure, inflammation parameters and oxidative stress in acute on chronic tramadol intoxication
Authors: Nakhaee Samaneh , Farrokhfall Khadijeh , Miri-Moghaddam Ebrahim , Foadoddini Mohsen , Askari Masoumeh , Mehrpour Omid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid for moderate to severe pain. Some studies have shown that tramadol can increase oxidative stress in different tissues of the body. Quercetin is also a substance with various biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective activities. The current investigation aimed at determining the effects of quercetin, with or without naloxone, on tramadol intoxication.MethodsThis study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: Group I) control group: intraperitoneal injections of normal saline 0.9% for 14 days; Group II) tramadol: 25 mg/kg for 14 days, and then a 50 mg/kg acute dose injection on the last day; Group III) acute quercetin (single dose): tramadol injection as with the second group plus 100 mg/kg of quercetin on the last day; Group IV) chronic quercetin: tramadol injection similar to the second group plus quercetin 100 mg/kg for 14 days; Group V) quercetin plus naloxone: tramadol injection similar to the second group plus injection of quercetin 100 mg/kg + intravenous naloxone 2 mg/kg on the last day, followed by a 4 mg/kg/h injection of naloxone for six hours. The rats were monitored for six hours on the last day, relating to the number and severity of seizures. Finally, the samples were prepared for biochemical investigation of the serum level of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, NOx), inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α), biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, creatinine, glucose) and hematological assay. The liver, heart, kidney, cortex, cerebellum, and adrenal tissues were collected to investigate the redox state.ResultsNone of the treatments had positive effects on the number and severity of seizures. Chronic administration of quercetin led to alteration of some blood parameters, including reduced hemoglobin level and elevated platelet counts. Acute on chronic tramadol administration resulted in a significant rise in AST, where different treatments failed to reduce their levels down to the control group.Conclusionchronic administration of quercetin showed decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress in the liver, kidney, adrenal, and heart tissues. Quercetin plus naloxone decreased oxidative stress in the heart and adrenal tissues, but adverse effects on the brain cortex and hepatic function. Single-dose quercetin reduced cardiac oxidative stress.
Wave–particle interaction effects in the Van Allen belts
Authors: Baker Daniel N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiscovering such structures as the third radiation belt (or “storage ring”) has been a major observational achievement of the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes program (renamed the “Van Allen Probes” mission in November 2012). A goal of that program was to understand more thoroughly how high-energy electrons are accelerated deep inside the radiation belts—and ultimately lost—due to various wave–particle interactions. Van Allen Probes studies have demonstrated that electrons ranging up to 10 megaelectron volts (MeV) or more can be produced over broad regions of the outer Van Allen zone on timescales as short as a few minutes. The key to such rapid acceleration is the interaction of “seed” populations of ~ 10–200 keV electrons (and subsequently higher energies) with electromagnetic waves in the lower band (whistler-mode) chorus frequency range. Van Allen Probes data show that “source” electrons (in a typical energy range of one to a few tens of keV energy) produced by magnetospheric substorms play a crucial role in feeding free energy into the chorus waves in the outer zone. These chorus waves then, in turn, rapidly heat and accelerate the tens to hundreds of keV seed electrons injected by substorms to much higher energies. Hence, we often see that geomagnetic activity driven by strong solar storms (coronal mass ejections, or CMEs) commonly leads to ultra-relativistic electron production through the intermediary step of waves produced during intense magnetospheric substorms. More generally, wave–particle interactions are of fundamental importance over a broad range of energies and in virtually all regions of the magnetosphere. We provide a summary of many of the wave modes and particle interactions that have been studied in recent times.
The sensitivity of ocean tide loading displacements to the structure of the upper mantle and crust of Taiwan Island
Authors: You Xiaowen , Yuan Linguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOcean tide loading (OTL) displacements are sensitive to the shallow structure of the solid Earth; hence, the high-resolution spatial pattern of OTL displacement can provide knowledge to constrain the shallow Earth structure, especially in coastal areas. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the modeled M2 OTL displacement over Taiwan Island to perturbations of three physical quantities, namely, the density, bulk modulus, and shear modulus in the upper mantle and crust. Then, we compare the sensitivity of the modeled M2 OTL displacement to Earth models with the sensitivity to ocean tide models using root mean square (RMS) differences. We compute the displacement Green’s function and OTL displacement relative to the center of mass of the solid Earth (CE) reference frame, analyze the sensitivity to the three physical quantities in the CRUST1.0 model and the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), and present their spatial patterns. We find that displacement Green’s functions and OTL displacements are more sensitive to the two elastic moduli than the density in the upper mantle and crust. Moreover, their distinctive sensitivity patterns suggest that the three physical quantities might be constrained independently. The specific relationships between the perturbed structural depths and the distance ranges of peak sensitivities from the observation points to the coastline revealed by the shear modulus can mitigate the nonuniqueness problem in inversion. In particular, the horizontal tidal components observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) can yield better results in inversions than the vertical component owing to the smaller OTL model errors and the higher structural sensitivity (except for the shear modulus in the asthenosphere).