bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower body weight, BMI and waist circumference in older Australian women
Authors: Ferguson Jessica JA , Oldmeadow Christopher , Mishra Gita D , Garg Manohar L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association between plant-based diets (PBD) and overweight/obesity compared to regular meat eaters in older women.Design:Cross-sectional analysis.Setting:1946–1951 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). PBD were categorised as vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian and regular meat eaters. Outcomes included body weight (BW), BMI and waist circumference (WC).Participants:Women who completed Survey 7 (n 9102) with complete FFQ data.Results:Compared to regular meat eaters, BW, BMI and WC were significantly lower in pesco-vegetarians (−10·2 kg (95 % CI −5·1, −15·2); −3·8 kg/m2 (95 % CI −2·0, −5·6); −8·4 cm (95 % CI −3·9, −12·9)) and BW and BMI lower in lacto-ovo vegetarians (−7·4 kg (95 % CI −1·2, −13·6); −2·9 kg/m2 (95 % CI −0·6, −5·1)). In regular meat eaters, individuals consuming meat daily or multiple times/d had significantly higher BW, BMI and WC compared to those consuming meat >2 times/week but <daily or multiple times/d (2·5 kg (95 % CI 1·5, 3·5); 0·9 kg/m2 (95 % CI 0·5, 1·3) and 2·2 cm (95 % CI 1·3, 3·1)) and those consuming meat >1 but ≤2 times/week (6·8 kg (95 % CI 1·8, 11·8); 2·1 kg/m2 (95 % CI 0·3, 4·0) and 6·0 cm (95 % CI 1·7, 10·4)). This association was dose-dependent such that for every increase in category of weekly meat intake (i.e. >1 time/week but ≤2 times/week; >2 times/week but less than daily, and daily or multiple times/d), an associated 2·6 kg (95 % CI 1·8, 3·4) increase in BW, 0·9 kg/m2 (95 % CI 0·6, 1·2) increase in BMI and 2·3 cm (95 % CI 1·6, 3·0) increase in WC was reported.Conclusions:BW, BMI and WC are lower in women following PBD and positively associated with increasing meat consumption. Results were robust to adjustment for confounders including physical activity levels, smoking status, habitual alcohol intake, use of supplements, and hormone replacement therapy.
Capturing Centimeter-Scale Local Variations in Paper Pore Space via μ-CT: A Benchmark Study Using Calendered Paper
Authors: Neumann Matthias , Machado Charry Eduardo , Baikova Ekaterina , Hilger André , Hirn Ulrich , Schennach Robert , Manke Ingo , Schmidt Volker , Zojer Karin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A two-step framework to analyze local microstructure variations of paper sheets based on 3D image data is presented. First, a multi-stage workflow efficiently acquires a large set of highly resolved tomographic image data, which enables—in combination with statistical image analysis—the quantification of local variations and pairwise correlations of morphological microstructure characteristics on length scales ranging from micrometers to centimeters. Secondly, the microstructure is analyzed in terms of the local behavior of porosity, thickness, and further descriptors related to transportation paths. The power of the presented framework is demonstrated, showing that it allows one (i) to quantitatively reveal the difference in terms of local structural variations between a model paper before and after unidirectional compression via hard-nip calendering and that (ii) the field of view which is required to reliably compute the probability distributions of the considered local microstructure characteristics is at least 20 mm. The results elucidate structural differences related to local densification. In particular, it is shown how calendering transforms local variations in sheet thickness into marked local mass density variations. The obtained results are in line with experimental measurements of macroscopic properties (basis weight, Bekk smoothness parameters, thickness, and Gurley retention times).
Metaphors judges live by: ‘dirty minds’ and the ‘fear of contamination’ in the new criminal justice system in Mexico
Authors: Alfaro Altamirano Adriana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I take George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's thesis that metaphors shape our reality to approach the judicial imagery of the new criminal justice system in Mexico (in effect since 2016). Based on twenty-nine in-depth interviews with judges and other members of the judiciary, I study what I call the ‘dirty minds’ metaphor, showing its presence in everyday judicial practice and analysing both its cognitive basis as well as its effects in how criminal judges understand their job. I argue that the such a metaphor, together with the ‘fear of contamination’ it raises as a result, is misleading and goes to the detriment of the judicial virtues that should populate the new system. The conclusions I offer are relevant beyond the national context, inter alia, because they concern a far-reaching paradigm of judgment.
Geochemical Constraints on the Structure of the Earth's Deep Mantle and the Origin of the LLSVPs
Authors: Gleeson Matthew , Soderman Caroline , Matthews Simon , Cottaar Sanne , Gibson Sally 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGeophysical analysis of the Earth's lower mantle has revealed the presence of two superstructures characterized by low shear wave velocities on the core‐mantle boundary. These Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) play a crucial role in the dynamics of the lower mantle and act as the source region for deep‐seated mantle plumes. However, their origin, and the characteristics of the surrounding deep mantle, remain enigmatic. Mantle plumes located above the margins of the LLSVPs display evidence for the presence of this deep‐seated, thermally and/or chemically heterogeneous mantle material ascending into the melting region. As a result, analysis of the spatial geochemical heterogeneity in ocean island basalts provides constraints on the structure of the Earth's lower mantle and the origin of the LLSVPs. In this study, we focus on the Galápagos Archipelago in the eastern Pacific, where bilateral asymmetry in the radiogenic isotopic composition of erupted basalts has been linked to the presence of LLSVP material in the underlying plume. We show, using spatial variations in the major element contents of high‐MgO basalts, that the isotopically enriched south‐western region of the Galápagos mantle—assigned to melting of LLSVP material—displays no evidence for lithological heterogeneity in the mantle source. As such, it is unlikely that the Pacific LLSVP represents a pile of subducted oceanic crust. Clear evidence for a lithologically heterogeneous mantle source is, however, found in the north‐central Galápagos, indicating that a recycled crustal component is present near the eastern margin of the Pacific LLSVP, consistent with seismic observations.
Impact of Wettability and Gravity on Fluid Displacement and Trapping in Representative 2D Micromodels of Porous Media (2D Sand Analogs)
Authors: Golmohammadi Saeed , Ding Yi , Kuechler Matthias , Reuter Danny , Schlueter Steffen , Amro Mohd , Geistlinger Helmut 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe combined effects of gravitational forces and wettability on displacement and trapping have not previously been investigated experimentally in realistic 2D porous media. Here we report the first use of representative 2D micromodels that accurately reproduce characteristic geometric, morphological, and topological properties of 3D sand packs. We use these representative micromodels to compare the wettability dependence of displacement front morphology and trapping processes using selected fluid pairs at capillary numbers between 10−6 and 10−5. The contact angles studied ranged from 30° (normal imbibition) to 150° (strong drainage). The impact of gravity was dramatic: In the horizontal flow case, only one finger developed, that is longitudinal displacement was always favored, whereas gravity created a more compact displacement front with broad lateral extension, and this lateral movement created loops, leading to by‐pass trapping. As a result, the trapping efficiency rose from 7% to 29%. We observed universal scaling of the cluster size distribution demonstrating that our micromodels are statistically representative. The universal 2D‐scaling exponent of 2.05 was obtained with an acceptable error smaller than 5%. Our experimental results obtained by fluorescence microscopy showed (a) precursor corner flow for weak imbibition at θ = 51°, that is above the critical contact angle of αc = 45° (Zhao et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603387113), and (b) a new wetting transition from corner flow to full duct flow under neutral wettability conditions, that is at θc ≈ 90°; and (c) above this second critical contact angle, that is under strong drainage conditions, we again observed corner flow (specifically, core‐annular flow).
Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on the risk of maternal and infant pregnancy complications in Korean women
Authors: Choi Hansol , Lim Joong-Yeon , Lim Nam-Kyoo , Ryu Hyun Mee , Kwak Dong Wook , Chung Jin Hoon , Park Hee Jin , Park Hyun-Young 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveHealthy weight maintenance before and during pregnancy has a significant effect on pregnancy outcomes; however, there are no specific guidelines for gestational weight gain in pregnant Korean women. Therefore, we investigated the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain on the risk of maternal and infant pregnancy complications in pregnant Korean women.MethodsStudy participants comprised 3454 singleton pregnant women from the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study who had baseline examination and pregnancy outcome data. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain were categorized according to the Asia-pacific regional guidelines and the Institute of Medicine recommendations, respectively. The primary outcome was any adverse outcomes, defined as the presence of one or more of the following: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, peripartum depressive symptom, cesarean delivery, delivery complications, preterm birth, small or large weight infant, neonatal intensive care unit admission, or a congenital anomaly. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the independent and combined impact of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on the risk of maternal and infant outcomes.ResultsObesity before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of perinatal adverse outcomes by more than 2.5 times [odds ratio (OR): 2.512, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.817–3.473]. Compared to that in women with appropriate gestational weight gain, women with excessive weight gain had a 36.4% incremental increase in the risk of any adverse outcomes [OR: 1.364, 95% CI: 1.115–1.670]. Moreover, women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy and had excessive gestational weight gain had a three-fold increase in the risk of adverse outcomes [OR: 3.460, 95% CI: 2.210–5.417].ConclusionThis study highlights the need for appropriate weight recommendations before and during pregnancy to prevent perinatal complications in Korean women of childbearing age.
Supervised exercise therapy compared with no exercise therapy to reverse debilitating effects of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ussing Anja , Mikkelsen Marie-Louise Kirkegaard , Villumsen Brigitta Rasmussen , Wejlgaard Johnny , Bistrup Pernille Envold , Birkefoss Kirsten , Bandholm Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer can have several debilitating side effects. Supervised exercise is recommended to ameliorate these negative effects.

Objective
To systematically evaluate the effect of supervised exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT, primarily according to the patient critical outcomes, ‘disease-specific quality of life’ and ‘walking performance’ measured at end of treatment.

Methods
We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl and Pedro, to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which investigated the effect of supervised exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT, last search: June 2021. Two independent reviewers extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE-method.

Results
Eigthteen RCTs (n = 1477) comprised patients with prostate cancer stages T1-T4 were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to no exercise therapy, supervised exercise therapy showed clinically relevant improvements in ‘disease-specific quality of life’ and ‘walking performance’. The standardised mean differences were 0.43 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.58) and −0.41 (95% CI: −0.60, −0.22), respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate due to serious risk of bias.

Conclusions
Evidence of moderate quality shows that supervised exercise therapy probably is superior to no exercise therapy in improving ‘disease-specific quality of life’ and ‘walking performance’ in patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. The results apply to all patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy regardless of cancer stage. The results support a strong recommendation for supervised exercise therapy for managing side effects in this population.

Protocol registration
NKR-38-Focused-questions-PICOs-for-updating1.ashx (sst.dk)
Whole genome sequences reveal the Xanthomonas perforans population is shaped by the tomato production system
Authors: Klein-Gordon Jeannie M , Timilsina Sujan , Xing Yanru , Abrahamian Peter , Garrett Karen A , Jones Jeffrey B , Vallad Gary E , Goss Erica M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modern agricultural practices increase the potential for plant pathogen spread, while the advent of affordable whole genome sequencing enables in-depth studies of pathogen movement. Population genomic studies may decipher pathogen movement and population structure as a result of complex agricultural production systems. We used whole genome sequences of 281 Xanthomonas perforans strains collected within one tomato production season across Florida and southern Georgia fields to test for population genetic structure associated with tomato production system variables. We identified six clusters of X. perforans from core gene SNPs that corresponded with phylogenetic lineages. Using whole genome SNPs, we found genetic structure among farms, transplant facilities, cultivars, seed producers, grower operations, regions, and counties. Overall, grower operations that produced their own transplants were associated with genetically distinct and less diverse populations of strains compared to grower operations that received transplants from multiple sources. The degree of genetic differentiation among components of Florida’s tomato production system varied between clusters, suggesting differential dispersal of the strains, such as through seed or contaminated transplants versus local movement within farms. Overall, we showed that the genetic variation of a bacterial plant pathogen is shaped by the structure of the plant production system.
Network analysis of depressive symptoms in Hong Kong residents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheung Teris , Jin Yu , Lam Simon , Su Zhaohui , Hall Brian J. , Xiang Yu-Tao ,   the International Research Collaboration on COVID-19, Suen Lorna Kwai Ping , Chan Shun , HO Hilda Sze Wing , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Huang Emma Yun-zhi , Xiao Ying , Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Gir Elucir , Yildirim Menevse , Intepeler Seyda Seren , Lantta Tella , Lee Kyungmi , Shin Nayeon , Parial Laurence Lloyd , Rossing Tor Michael , Hon Ching Yuk , Tsang Merissa , Poeys Jessica P. Braz , Fong Tommy Kwan Hin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn network theory depression is conceptualized as a complex network of individual symptoms that influence each other, and central symptoms in the network have the greatest impact on other symptoms. Clinical features of depression are largely determined by sociocultural context. No previous study examined the network structure of depressive symptoms in Hong Kong residents. The aim of this study was to characterize the depressive symptom network structure in a community adult sample in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 11,072 participants were recruited between 24 March and 20 April 2020. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The network structure of depressive symptoms was characterized, and indices of “strength”, “betweenness”, and “closeness” were used to identify symptoms central to the network. Network stability was examined using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Guilt, Sad Mood, and Energy symptoms had the highest centrality values. In contrast, Concentration, Suicide, and Sleep had lower centrality values. There were no significant differences in network global strength (p = 0.259), distribution of edge weights (p = 0.73) and individual edge weights (all p values > 0.05 after Holm–Bonferroni corrections) between males and females. Guilt, Sad Mood, and Energy symptoms were central in the depressive symptom network. These central symptoms may be targets for focused treatments and future psychological and neurobiological research to gain novel insight into depression.
Beneficial effects of running exercise on hippocampal microglia and neuroinflammation in chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model rats
Authors: Xiao Kai , Luo Yanmin , Liang Xin , Tang Jing , Wang Jin , Xiao Qian , Qi Yingqiang , Li Yue , Zhu Peilin , Yang Hao , Xie Yuhan , Wu Hong , Tang Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRunning exercise has been shown to relieve symptoms of depression, but the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects are unclear. Microglia and concomitant dysregulated neuroinflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of depression. However, the effects of running exercise on hippocampal neuroinflammation and the number and activation of microglia in depression have not been studied. In this study, rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 5 weeks followed by treadmill running for 6 weeks. The depressive-like symptoms of the rats were assessed with a sucrose preference test (SPT). Immunohistochemistry and stereology were performed to quantify the total number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)+ microglia, and immunofluorescence was used to quantify the density of Iba1+/cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68)+ in subregions of the hippocampus. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The results showed that running exercise reversed the decreased sucrose preference of rats with CUS-induced depression. In addition, CUS increased the number of hippocampal microglia and microglial activation in rats, but running exercise attenuated the CUS-induced increases in the number of microglia in the hippocampus and microglial activation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Furthermore, CUS significantly increased the hippocampal levels of inflammatory factors, and the increases in inflammatory factors in the hippocampus were suppressed by running exercise. These results suggest that the antidepressant effects of exercise may be mediated by reducing the number of microglia and inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
Ca2+ channel blockade reduces cocaine’s vasoconstriction and neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Du Congwu , Park Kicheon , Allen Craig P. , Hu Xiu-Ti , Volkow Nora D. , Pan Yingtain 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCocaine profoundly affects both cerebral blood vessels and neuronal activity in the brain. The vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine, concurrently with its effects on neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation are likely to jeopardize neuronal tissue that in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) could contribute to impaired self-regulation and compulsive cocaine consumption. Here we used optical imaging to study the cerebrovascular and neuronal effects of acute cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v.) and to examine whether selective blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels by Nifedipine (NIF) (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) would alleviate cocaine’s effects on hemodynamics (measured with cerebral blood volume, HbT), oxygenation (measured with oxygenated hemoglobin, HbO2) and neuronal [Ca2+]i, which were concomitantly measured in the PFC of naive rats. Our results show that in the PFC acute cocaine significantly reduced flow delivery (HbT), increased neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation and profoundly reduced tissue oxygenation (HbO2) and these effects were significantly attenuated by NIF pretreatment. They also show that cocaine-induced vasoconstriction is distinct from its increase of neuronal [Ca2+]i accumulation though both of them contribute to hypoxemia and both effects were attenuated by NIF. These results provide evidence that blockade of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels might be beneficial in preventing vasoconstriction and neurotoxic effects of cocaine and give support for further clinical investigations to determine their value in reducing cocaine’s neurotoxicity in cocaine use disorders.
An interpretable multiparametric radiomics model for the diagnosis of schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging of the corpus callosum
Authors: Bang Minji , Eom Jihwan , An Chansik , Kim Sooyon , Park Yae Won , Ahn Sung Soo , Kim Jinna , Lee Seung-Koo , Lee Sang-Hyuk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a growing need to develop novel strategies for the diagnosis of schizophrenia using neuroimaging biomarkers. We investigated the robustness of the diagnostic model for schizophrenia using radiomic features from T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images of the corpus callosum (CC). A total of 165 participants [86 schizophrenia and 79 healthy controls (HCs)] were allocated to training (N = 115) and test (N = 50) sets. Radiomic features of the CC subregions were extracted from T1-weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) images (N = 1605). Following feature selection, various combinations of classifiers were trained, and Bayesian optimization was adopted in the best performing classifier. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the model were assessed. An online calculator was constructed to offer the probability of having schizophrenia. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied to explore the interpretability of the model. We identified 30 radiomic features to differentiate participants with schizophrenia from HCs. The Bayesian optimized model achieved the highest performance, with an area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.98), 80.0, 83.3, and 76.9%, respectively, in the test set. The final model offers clinical probability in an online calculator. The model explanation by SHAP suggested that second-order features from the posterior CC were highly associated with the risk of schizophrenia. The multiparametric radiomics model focusing on the CC shows its robustness for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Radiomic features could be a potential source of biomarkers that support the biomarker-based diagnosis of schizophrenia and improve the understanding of its neurobiology.