bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood neurofilament light concentration at admittance: a potential prognostic marker in COVID-19
Authors: Aamodt Anne Hege , Høgestøl Einar August , Popperud Trine Haug , Holter Jan Cato , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma , Tonby Kristian , Stiksrud Birgitte , Quist-Paulsen Else , Berge Tone , Barratt-Due Andreas , Aukrust Pål , Heggelund Lars , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Harbo Hanne Flinstad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
To test the hypotheses that blood biomarkers for nervous system injury, serum concentrations of neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) can serve as biomarkers for disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Forty-seven inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 had blood samples drawn on admission for assessing serum biomarkers of CNS injury by Single molecule array (Simoa), NfL and GFAp. Concentrations of NfL and GFAp were analyzed in relation to symptoms, clinical signs, inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes. We used multivariate linear models to test for differences in biomarker concentrations in the subgroups, accounting for confounding effects.

Results
In total, 21% (n = 10) of the patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, and the overall mortality rate was 13% (n = 6). Non-survivors had higher serum concentrations of NfL (p < 0.001) upon admission than patients who were discharged alive both in adjusted analyses (p = 2.6 × 10–7) and unadjusted analyses (p = 0.001). The concentrations of NfL in non-survivors increased over repeated measurements; whereas, the concentrations in survivors were stable. The GFAp concentration was also significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Increased concentrations of NfL and GFAp in COVID-19 patients on admission may indicate increased mortality risk. Measurement of blood biomarkers for nervous system injury can be useful to detect and monitor CNS injury in COVID-19.
Phase II study of metronomic treatment with daily oral vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic HR+/HER2− breast cancer resistant to endocrine therapy: VinoMetro—AGO-B-046
Authors: Krajnak Slavomir , Decker Thomas , Schollenberger Lukas , Rosé Christian , Ruckes Christian , Fehm Tanja , Thomssen Christoph , Harbeck Nadia , Schmidt Marcus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is an increasingly used treatment option in hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after failure of endocrine-based therapies.

Methods
VinoMetro was a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase II study of metronomic oral vinorelbine (VRL; 30 mg/day) as a first-line chemotherapy (CT) in patients with HR+/HER2− MBC after endocrine failure. The primary endpoint was the clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 24 weeks.

Results
Between January 2017 and April 2019, nine patients were enrolled. The CBR was 22.2% (90% confidence interval [CI] 4.1–55.0), p = 0.211. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.0 weeks (95% CI 11.3–12.7). Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 22.2% of patients. One patient died of febrile neutropenia.

Conclusion
VinoMetro (AGO-B-046) was closed early after nine patients and occurrence of one grade 5 toxicity in agreement with the lead institutional review board (IRB). Metronomic dosing of oral VRL in HR+/HER2− MBC as first-line CT after failure of endocrine therapies showed only limited benefit in this population.

Trial registration number and date of registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03007992; December 15, 2016.
On the maximal displacement of near-critical branching random walks
Authors: Neuman Eyal , Zheng Xinghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider a branching random walk on $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
started by n particles at the origin, where each particle disperses according to a mean-zero random walk with bounded support and reproduces with mean number of offspring $$1+\theta /n$$

1
+
θ
/
n

. For $$t\ge 0$$

t
≥
0

, we study $$M_{nt}$$

M

nt

, the rightmost position reached by the branching random walk up to generation [nt]. Under certain moment assumptions on the branching law, we prove that $$M_{nt}/\sqrt{n}$$

M

nt

/

n

converges weakly to the rightmost support point of the local time of the limiting super-Brownian motion. The convergence result establishes a sharp exponential decay of the tail distribution of $$M_{nt}$$

M

nt

. We also confirm that when $$\theta >0$$

θ
>
0

, the support of the branching random walk grows in a linear speed that is identical to that of the limiting super-Brownian motion which was studied by Pinsky (Ann Probab 23(4):1748–1754, 1995). The rightmost position over all generations, $$M:=\sup _t M_{nt}$$

M
:
=

sup
t

M

nt

, is also shown to converge weakly to that of the limiting super-Brownian motion, whose tail is found to decay like a Gumbel distribution when $$\theta <0$$

θ
<
0

.
Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures
Authors: Heilman Kelly A. , Trouet Valerie M. , Belmecheri Soumaya , Pederson Neil , Berke Melissa A. , McLachlan Jason S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth is crucial for ecotones, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and intrinsic WUE (iWUE) at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant iWUE increased by ~ 16–23% over the course of the twentieth century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher iWUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to ~ 35–41% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. This decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, while higher iWUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of about 50%.
α-Poly-l-lysine functions as an adipogenic inducer in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Lee Kyeong Won , An Young Jun , Lee Janet , Lee Jung-Hyun , Yim Hyung-Soon 
Published: March 2021

Abstractα-Poly-l-lysine (PLL) has been used for various purposes such as cell attachment, immunization, and molecular delivery, and is known to be cytotoxic to several cell lines. Here, we studied the effect of PLL on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and investigated the underlying mechanism. Differentiation media containing PLL with a molecular weight (MW) greater than 4 kDa enhanced lipid droplet formation and increased adipogenic marker levels, indicating an increase in adipocyte differentiation. PLL with a molecular weight between 30 and 70 kDa was more effective than PLL of other sizes in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Moreover, PLL induced 3T3-L1 adipogenesis in insulin-free adipocyte differentiation medium. Incubation with insulin and PLL exhibited greater adipogenesis than insulin treatment only even at a high concentration. PLL stimulated insulin signaling and augmented the signaling pathway when it was added with insulin. While PLL did not activate the glucocorticoid receptor, which is phosphorylated by dexamethasone (DEX), it showed a positive effect on the cAMP signal pathway when preadipocytes were treated with PLL and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Consistent with these results, incubation with PLL and DEX without IBMX induced adipocyte differentiation. We also observed that the mitotic clonal expansion phase was the critical stage in adipogenesis for inducing the effects of PLL. These results suggest that PLL functions as an adipogenic inducer in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and PLL has a direct effect on insulin signaling, one of the main regulatory pathways.
A relationship of sorts: gender and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Suessenbacher-Kessler Stefanie , Gmeiner Andrea , Diendorfer Tamara , Schrank Beate , Unger Annemarie , Amering Michaela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVoice hearing has been conceptualized as an interrelational framework, where the interaction between voice and voice hearer is reciprocal and resembles “real-life interpersonal interactions.” Although gender influences social functioning in “real-life situations,” little is known about respective effects of gender in the voice hearing experience. One hundred seventeen participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder took part in a semi-structured interview about the phenomenology of their voices and completed standardized self-rating questionnaires on their beliefs about their most dominant male and female voices and the power differentials in their respective voice-voice hearer interactions. Additionally, the voice hearers’ individual masculine/feminine traits were recorded. Men heard significantly more male than female dominant voices, while the gender ratio of dominant voices was balanced in women. Although basic phenomenological characteristics of voices were similar in both genders, women showed greater amounts of distress caused by the voices and reported a persistence of voices for longer time periods. Command hallucinations that encouraged participants to harm others were predominantly male. Regarding voice appraisals, high levels of traits associated with masculinity (=instrumentality/agency) correlated with favorable voice appraisals and balanced power perceptions between voice and voice hearer. These positive effects seem to be more pronounced in women. The gender of both voice and voice hearer shapes the voice hearing experience in manifold ways. Due to possible favorable effects on clinical outcomes, therapeutic concepts that strengthen instrumental/agentic traits could be a feasible target for psychotherapeutic interventions in voice hearing, especially in women.
Facilitators and barriers to home-based toothbrushing practices by parents of young children to reduce tooth decay: a systematic review
Authors: Aliakbari Elnaz , Gray-Burrows Kara A. , Vinall-Collier Karen A. , Edwebi Sakina , Salaudeen Ama , Marshman Zoe , McEachan Rosemary R. C. , Day Peter F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Parental supervised toothbrushing (PSB) is a collection of behaviours recommended by national guidance to improve oral health. This systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to PSB.

Materials and methods
Studies investigating parental involvement in home-based toothbrushing in children under 8 years old and the impact on tooth decay were included. Electronic databases, references and unpublished literature databases were searched. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to code barriers/facilitators to PSB.

Results
Of the 10,176 articles retrieved, 68 articles were included. Barriers and facilitators were found across all 12 TDF domains. Barriers included an inadequate toothbrushing environment and resources, knowledge of what PSB entails and child behaviour management. Facilitators were increased oral health knowledge, the adaption of the social environment to facilitate PSB and positive attitudes towards oral health. When only high-quality articles were synthesized, knowledge was not a common barrier/facilitator.

Conclusions
There are a comprehensive range of barriers/facilitators to PSB acting across all domains and at multiple levels of influence. This review identifies the most popular domains, thus informing the focus for supporting resources to supplement oral health conversations.

Clinical relevance
PSB is a complex behaviour. Practitioners need to understand and be able to explore the wide range of potential barriers and have practical suggestions to enable PSB. This review provides pragmatic examples of different barriers and facilitators and emphasises the importance of listening to parents and exploring their story to identify the barriers and solutions that are relevant to each family.
Fooling the size–weight illusion—Using augmented reality to eliminate the effect of size on perceptions of heaviness and sensorimotor prediction
Authors: Rohrbach Nina , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Huber Lisa-Marie , Thierfelder Annika , Buckingham Gavin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAugmented reality, whereby computer-generated images are overlaid onto the physical environment, is becoming significant part of the world of education and training. Little is known, however, about how these external images are treated by the sensorimotor system of the user – are they fully integrated into the external environmental cues, or largely ignored by low-level perceptual and motor processes? Here, we examined this question in the context of the size–weight illusion (SWI). Thirty-two participants repeatedly lifted and reported the heaviness of two cubes of unequal volume but equal mass in alternation. Half of the participants saw semi-transparent equally sized holographic cubes superimposed onto the physical cubes through a head-mounted display. Fingertip force rates were measured prior to lift-off to determine how the holograms influenced sensorimotor prediction, while verbal reports of heaviness after each lift indicated how the holographic size cues influenced the SWI. As expected, participants who lifted without augmented visual cues lifted the large object at a higher rate of force than the small object on early lifts and experienced a robust SWI across all trials. In contrast, participants who lifted the (apparently equal-sized) augmented cubes used similar force rates for each object. Furthermore, they experienced no SWI during the first lifts of the objects, with a SWI developing over repeated trials. These results indicate that holographic cues initially dominate physical cues and cognitive knowledge, but are dismissed when conflicting with cues from other senses.
Pressure-robust error estimate of optimal order for the Stokes equations: domains with re-entrant edges and anisotropic mesh grading
Authors: Apel Thomas , Kempf Volker 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe velocity solution of the incompressible Stokes equations is not affected by changes of the right hand side data in form of gradient fields. Most mixed methods do not replicate this property in the discrete formulation due to a relaxation of the divergence constraint which means that they are not pressure-robust. A recent reconstruction approach for classical methods recovers this invariance property for the discrete solution, by mapping discretely divergence-free test functions to exactly divergence-free functions in the sense of $${\varvec{H}}({\text {div}})$$

H

(
div
)

. Moreover, the Stokes solution has locally singular behavior in three-dimensional domains near concave edges, which degrades the convergence rates on quasi-uniform meshes and makes anisotropic mesh grading reasonable in order to regain optimal convergence characteristics. Finite element error estimates of optimal order on meshes of tensor-product type with appropriate anisotropic grading are shown for the pressure-robust modified Crouzeix–Raviart method using the reconstruction approach. Numerical examples support the theoretical results.
Survival before and after the introduction of pertuzumab and T-DM1 in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, a study of the SONABRE Registry
Authors: Ibragimova Khava I. E. , Geurts Sandra M. E. , Croes Sander , Erdkamp Frans , Heijns Joan B. , Tol Jolien , Vriens Birgit E. P. J. , Aaldering Kirsten N. A. , Dercksen Marcus W. , Pepels Manon J. A. E. , Peters Natascha A. J. B. , van de Winkel Linda , Tilli Dominique J. P. , Vriens Ingeborg J. H. , de Boer Maaike , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Immediate and proper implementation of a new and more potent therapy is important to ensure that the patient achieves the best possible outcome. This study aimed to examine whether the real-world overall survival (OS) has improved in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2 +) advanced breast cancer (ABC) since the market release of pertuzumab and T-DM1. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the implementation and survival rates per hormone receptor (HR) subtype.

Patients and methods
We included 493 systemically treated patients consecutively diagnosed with HER2 + ABC in 2008–2017 from the SOutheast Netherlands Advanced BREast cancer (SONABRE) Registry. Median OS was obtained using the Kaplan–Meier method and differences between periods (2008–2012 versus 2013–2017) were tested using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. The 3-year implementation rates were estimated for any HER2-targeted therapy, pertuzumab, and T-DM1 by using the competing risk method and calculated from the date of diagnosis of ABC to start of HER2-targeted therapy of interest.

Results
The median OS in 2008–2012 versus 2013–2017 was 28.3 versus 39.7 months in all patients (adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 0.85, 95%CI 0.66–1.08), 29.9 versus 36.3 months in patients with HR + /HER2 + disease (adjHR 0.97, 95%CI 0.72–1.32), and 22.7 versus 40.9 months in patients with HR-/HER2 + disease (adjHR 0.59, 95%CI 0.38–0.92). Any HER2-targeted therapy was used in 79% of patients in 2008–2012 and in 84% in 2013–2017. The use of pertuzumab and T-DM1 in 2013–2017 was 48% and 29%, respectively. For patients diagnosed with HR + /HER2 + and HR-/HER2 + disease, implementation rates in 2013–2017 were , respectively, 77% and 99% for any HER2-targeted therapy, 38% and 69% for pertuzumab, and 24% and 40% for T-DM1.

Conclusion
The survival of patients with HER2 + ABC improved since the introduction of pertuzumab and T-DM1. There is room for improvement in implementation of these HER2-targeted therapies, especially in patients with HR + /HER2 + disease.
Improving the accuracy of estimating paper permanence for accelerated degradation in closed vials
Authors: Jeong Myung-Joon , Potthast Antje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo more accurately predict the permanence of paper during natural aging, we studied cellulose aging according to closed vial setup, which compared to alternative paper aging methods is closer to natural aging with regard to predictions of paper life expectancy. To improve kinetic evaluation, not only cellulose degradation by hydrolysis and oxidation, but also the moisture content in the closed vial were measured during the aging process. This allowed to eliminate the long-known errors of the method caused by vial leakage which falsely produce different aging rates for different aging periods. With the aim of predicting paper permanence more accurately, several ways of considering the moisture changes and the influences of paper moisture and vial leakage were considered and an improved protocol was elaborated that corrects the rate of cellulose chain scission based on the average moisture content in the paper. Based on this hydrolysis rate, the expected half-life DP becomes independent of the aging period and thus less error-prone and more reliable. We hope that this improvement of the very common closed-vial aging method will quickly be accepted and welcomed by the paper conservation community.
What is to be learnt? Critical aspects of elementary arithmetic skills
Authors: Björklund Camilla , Marton Ference , Kullberg Angelika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a way of describing variation in young children’s learning of elementary arithmetic within the number range 1–10. Our aim is to reveal what is to be learnt and how it might be learnt by means of discerning particular aspects of numbers. The Variation theory of learning informs the analysis of 2184 observations of 4- to 7-year-olds solving arithmetic tasks, placing the focus on what constitutes the ways of experiencing numbers that were observed among these children. The aspects found to be necessary to discern in order to develop powerful arithmetic skills were as follows: modes of number representations, ordinality, cardinality, and part-whole relation (the latter has four subcategories: differentiating parts and whole, decomposing numbers, commutativity, and inverse relationship between addition and subtraction). In the paper, we discuss particularly how the discernment of the aspects opens up for more powerful ways of perceiving numbers. Our way of describing arithmetic skills, in terms of discerned aspects of numbers, makes it possible to explain why children cannot use certain strategies and how they learn to solve tasks they could not previously solve, which has significant implications for the teaching of elementary arithmetic.
What Does It Mean to Empathise with a Robot?
Authors: Malinowska Joanna K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven that empathy allows people to form and maintain satisfying social relationships with other subjects, it is no surprise that this is one of the most studied phenomena in the area of human–robot interaction (HRI). But the fact that the term ‘empathy’ has strong social connotations raises a question: can it be applied to robots? Can we actually use social terms and explanations in relation to these inanimate machines? In this article, I analyse the range of uses of the term empathy in the field of HRI studies and social robotics, and consider the substantial, functional and relational positions on this issue. I focus on the relational (cooperational) perspective presented by Luisa Damiano and Paul Dumouchel, who interpret emotions (together with empathy) as being the result of affective coordination. I also reflect on the criteria that should be used to determine when, in such relations, we are dealing with actual empathy.
Proximity dimensions and the emergence of collaboration: a HypTrails study on German AI research
Authors: Koopmann Tobias , Stubbemann Maximilian , Kapa Matthias , Paris Michael , Buenstorf Guido , Hanika Tom , Hotho Andreas , Jäschke Robert , Stumme Gerd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCreation and exchange of knowledge depends on collaboration. Recent work has suggested that the emergence of collaboration frequently relies on geographic proximity. However, being co-located tends to be associated with other dimensions of proximity, such as social ties or a shared organizational environment. To account for such factors, multiple dimensions of proximity have been proposed, including cognitive, institutional, organizational, social and geographical proximity. Since they strongly interrelate, disentangling these dimensions and their respective impact on collaboration is challenging. To address this issue, we propose various methods for measuring different dimensions of proximity. We then present an approach to compare and rank them with respect to the extent to which they indicate co-publications and co-inventions. We adapt the HypTrails approach, which was originally developed to explain human navigation, to co-author and co-inventor graphs. We evaluate this approach on a subset of the German research community, specifically academic authors and inventors active in research on artificial intelligence (AI). We find that social proximity and cognitive proximity are more important for the emergence of collaboration than geographic proximity.