bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ticagrelor or clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy following a pharmacoinvasive strategy in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Welsh Robert C. , Shavadia Jay S. , Zheng Yinggan , Tyrrell Benjamin D. , Leung Raymond , Bainey Kevin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe and evaluate outcomes in STEMI patients sustained on clopidogrel compared to those switched to ticagrelor following fibrinolysis.BackgroundWorld‐wide, many STEMI patients cannot achieve timely PCI and therefore require fibrinolysis. Although comparable 30‐day and 1‐year safety was shown with clopidogrel or ticagrelor in the TREAT study, there is paucity of long‐term outcomes in pharmacoinvasive treated STEMI.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study evaluating consecutive pharmacoinvasive STEMI patients treated in a network, comparing those switched to ticagrelor to those sustained on clopidogrel. The primary efficacy composite was one‐year all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and stroke with major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as the safety outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to examine the association between P2Y12 inhibitor and outcomes with inverse probability weighting.ResultsOf 1426 pharmacoinvasive STEMI patients, 28% (n = 396) were converted to ticagrelor at a mean of 9.9 h after fibrinolysis with comparable GRACE Risk Scores (median; 158 vs 157, p0.352). The primary composite occurred in 3.5% of ticagrelor and 7.0% of clopidogrel treated patients (p0.014). Following adjustment, ticagrelor was associated with a 54% lower composite outcome (adjusted HR 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.84). Major bleeding 6.3% vs 6.1% (NS) and ICH 0.0% vs 0.2% (NS) were similar.ConclusionsIn a prospective STEMI cohort, switching to ticagrelor compared with sustaining clopidogrel following fibrinolysis pharmacoinvasive reperfusion reduced recurrent ischemic events at 1‐year with no differences in major bleeding or ICH. Aligned with randomized data, these findings provide support to switch pharmaco‐invasively treated STEMI patients.
Rapid and Mild One‐Flow Synthetic Approach to Unsymmetrical Sulfamides Guided by Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Sugisawa Naoto , Sugisawa Hiroki , Otake Yuma , Krems Roman V. , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Fuse Shinichiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBayesian optimization (BO) is regarded as an efficient approach that can identify optimal conditions using a restricted number of experiments. Despite demonstrated potential of BO, applications of BO‐based approaches in synthetic organic chemistry remain limited. Herein, we achieved the first rapid and mild (5.1 s, 20 °C) one‐flow synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides from inexpensive sulfuryl chloride. Undesired reactions were successfully suppressed and the risk in handling sulfuryl chloride was minimized by the use of micro‐flow technology. The reaction conditions producing ≥75 % yield were identified by a machine learning approach based on BO. It was demonstrated that BO produced the desired reaction conditions with a small number of experiments (19 and 10 experiments) in the entire search space (10,500 combinations of reaction conditions). Gaussian process (GP) models produced by BO provided the relationships between combinations of reaction parameters and outputs (RCRPO).
Self‐assessment of health status among lesbian, gay, and bisexual cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Li Yannan , Theodoropoulos Nicholas , Fujiwara Yu , Xie Hui , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundResearch is lacking for understanding the health disparities in cancer survivorship in the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population in the United States. Self‐reported health status is used as a predictor of health disparities.MethodsThis secondary data analysis study used 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to analyze cancer survivorship characteristics by sexual orientation and sex through the use of logistic regressions.ResultsOverall, 17,656,329 US cancer survivors were included in this study after weighting, with percentage estimates of 1.52% for gays/lesbians and 1.41% for bisexuals. LGB participants were younger and more ethnically diverse. Significantly, bisexuals had current smoking (32.3% vs 13.6%) and binge drinking rates (17.1% vs 9.1%) twice those of heterosexuals; 16.6% of bisexuals versus 4.1% of heterosexuals reported no health insurance coverage (P < .0001). After adjustments for socioeconomic, health‐related behavioral risk, and health care access factors, bisexual females reported poorer general health (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31‐1.36) as well as mental health (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 2.39‐2.46) than their heterosexual peers (P < .0001). Bisexual males were 5.14 times more likely to be told that they had depressive disorders than their heterosexual counterparts (95% CI, 5.05‐5.23), whereas bisexual females were 3.23 times more likely for the same outcome (95% CI, 3.18‐3.28). All LGB groups reported significantly more inadequate sleep than their heterosexual counterparts (especially lesbians: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.10‐2.18).ConclusionsThis study indicates that LGB cancer survivors have worse survivorship than their heterosexual peers with heterogeneity in subgroups. Future studies should use larger sample sizes, further investigate disparities, and promote survivorship in LGB populations.Lay Summary

It has been observed that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) cancer survivors may face challenges in cancer survivorship that are not as prevalent in the heterosexual community.

This cross‐sectional study has found that LGB cancer survivors, especially bisexuals, have overall poorer physical and mental health, are more likely to be told that they have depressive disorders, and have worse sleep quality in comparison with their heterosexual counterparts.

These results also differ by sex, and this can provide rationales for future studies and guide interventions to relocate resources to better promote equality.
Uniformly Positive Correlations in the Dimer Model and Macroscopic Interacting Self‐Avoiding Walk in ℤd, d ≥ 3
Authors: Taggi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur first main result is that correlations between monomers in the dimer model in do not decay to 0 when . This is the first rigorous result about correlations in the dimer model in dimensions greater than 2 and shows that the model behaves drastically differently than in two dimensions, in which case it is integrable and correlations are known to decay to zero polynomially. Such a result is implied by our more general, second main result, which states the occurrence of a phase transition in the model of lattice permutations, which is related to the quantum Bose gas. More precisely, we consider a self‐avoiding walk interacting with lattice permutations and we prove that, in the regime of fully packed loops, such a walk is ‘long’ and the distance between its endpoints grows linearly with the diameter of the box. These results follow from the derivation of a version of the infrared bound from a new general probabilistic settings, with coloured loops and walks interacting at sites and walks entering into the system from some ‘virtual’ vertices. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Review and comparison of different limited scan phased array antenna architectures
Authors: Singhal Naina , Hasan S. M. Rezaul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhased array antenna or beamformer plays key role in many emerging wireless applications, be it industrial such as 5G wireless communication and RADAR technology or commercial such as autonomous driving, imaging, and so on. Depending upon the application and design constraints such as power, area, and hardware cost, there are many architectures available in the open literature for designing a beamformer. The power consumption and the hardware cost become the two major limiting factors while choosing the specific phased array antenna for commercial applications. In order to reduce the hardware cost, designers try to limit the scanning range of the beamformer by reducing the number of control elements generally the phase shifters. These beamformers are called limited scan phased array antenna (LSPAA). These are proving to be useful in many commercial applications due to their reduced design cost. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the various architectures present in literature for LSPAA design and a comparison between several of them with respect to scanning range, sidelobe level (SLL), and so on. In addition, a figure‐of‐merit is also proposed for comparison between the different architectures.
EE‐LB‐AOMDV: An efficient energy constraints‐based load‐balanced multipath routing protocol for MANETs
Authors: Naseem Mohd , Ahamad Gulfam , Sharma Sparsh , Abbasi Ehtesham 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWith the tremendous increase in the research and development of Internet of Things and Internet of Vehicles, the research scope of Mobile Ad Hoc networks has also increased, rapidly. A number of routing protocols have been proposed to transfer data packets from source to destination nodes. Among these routing protocols, some of them have focused upon multiple paths for data transfer so that route re‐discovery time could be minimized. Thus, the end‐to‐end delay has reduced. The main purpose of these multi‐path routing protocols is to balance the load among all or some of the available routes. However, the selection of proper parameters is very crucial and important for load balancing. In this paper, we develop a load‐balanced multi‐path routing protocol with energy constraints (EE‐LB‐AOMDV). It first categorized the multiple paths based upon three parameters: hop‐count, round‐trip time, and residual energy. Then only, it starts data transmission based upon the quality of the path. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed routing protocol has been improved significantly in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end‐to‐end delay (delay), routing overhead (overhead), energy exhausted nodes, and route rediscovery frequencies.
Detection of amfepramone and its metabolite cathinone in human hair: Application to a uthentic cases of amfepramone use
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Xin , Liu Mengxi , Deng Hongxiao , Yu Miao , Xiang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, overseas anti‐obesity drugs including amfepramone have flowed into China through the internet or personal import by travelers. Amfepramone is controlled in China and is not available as a pharmaceutical product. It is obtainable either through the internet or imported by individuals across the border. The abuse of amfepramone is causing serious health problems. A method for the detection and quantification of amfepramone and its metabolite cathinone in human hair was developed and fully validated using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Approximately 10 mg of hair was weighed and pulverized with extraction solvent (a mixture of methanol: acetonitrile: 2 mM ammonium formate [pH 5.3] [25:29:46, v/v/v]). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 5 and 10 pg/mg, respectively. The method was linear over a concentration range from 10 to 10,000 pg/mg. The accuracy varied from −9.3% to 2.3%, with acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precision. The validated method was successfully applied to 17 authentic cases. The amfepramone concentrations ranged from 11.7 to 209 pg/mg, with a median of 30.2 pg/mg, and the hair cathinone concentrations ranged from 11.9 to 507 pg/mg, with a median of 54.0 pg/mg. This is the first report of amfepramone concentrations in human hair from amfepramone users. Cathinone can be incorporated into hair after amfepramone use.
Evolutionary dynamics of the Trivers–Willard effect: A nonparametric approach
Authors: Borgstede Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Trivers–Willard hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good condition tend to bias their offspring sex ratio toward the sex with a higher variation in reproductive value, whereas parents in bad condition favor the opposite sex. Although the TWH has been generalized to predict various Trivers–Willard effects (TWE) depending on the life cycle of a species, existing work does not sufficiently acknowledge that sex‐specific reproductive values depend on the relative abundances of males and females in the population. If parents adjust their offspring sex ratio according to the TWE, offspring reproductive values will also change. This should affect the long‐term evolutionary dynamics and might lead to considerable deviations from the original predictions.In this paper, I model the full evolutionary dynamics of the TWE, using a published two‐sex integral projection model for the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus). Offspring sex ratio is treated as a nonparametric continuous function of maternal condition. Evolutionary change is treated as the successive invasion of mutant strategies. The simulation is performed with varying starting conditions until an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is reached.The results show that the magnitude of the evolving TWE can be far greater than previously predicted. Furthermore, evolutionary dynamics show considerable nonlinearities before settling at an ESS. The nonlinear effects depend on the starting conditions and indicate that evolutionary change is fastest when starting at an extremely biased sex ratio and that evolutionary change is weaker for parents of high condition. The results show neither a tendency to maximize average population fitness nor to minimize the deviation between offspring sex ratio and offspring reproductive value ratio.The study highlights the importance of dynamic feedback in models of natural selection and provides a new methodological framework for analyzing the evolution of continuous strategies in structured populations.
The anatomy of two species of emergent macrophytes of the genus Polygonum differentially changes in response to water‐level fluctuations
Authors: dos Santos Machado Rafaela , de Carvalho Harthman Vanessa , Murillo Raytha de Assis , Thomaz Sidinei Magela , Silveira Márcio José 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTemporal fluctuations in water levels are important ecological driving forces in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Alterations to fluviometric levels are even more conspicuous after the construction of dams, and aquatic macrophytes respond with anatomical and morphological adaptations to such changes. We performed an experiment to analyse the anatomical responses of two common Neotropical species of emergent macrophytes (Polygonum ferrugineum and P. acuminatum) to water‐level fluctuations. The experiment simulated three water‐level variations: constant low water, constant deep water and fluctuating water levels (0.8‐m oscillation/6 days; commonly caused by dam operation). We measured anatomical responses of roots (perimeter and number of the intercellular spaces), stems (perimeter and number of the intercellular spaces and cortical thickness) and leaves (palisade and lacunous parenchyma thickness). Water level affected all anatomical traits we measured and all increased when plants remained submerged (high‐depth treatment). Compared with P. ferrugineum, P. acuminatum had higher values of both perimeter of the intercellular space in the roots and number of intercellular spaces in the stems. These results indicate that water‐level fluctuations influence the anatomy of both species and that, compared with P. ferrugineum, P. acuminatum has greater plasticity and better tolerates submersion. These responses may be explained by the different survival strategies of each species when growing under submersion. Thus, our results reflect the different selective pressures from water levels experienced by these two species during their evolution.
Survival of the fattest: linking body condition to prey availability and survivorship of killer whales
Authors: Stewart Joshua D. , Durban John W. , Fearnbach Holly , Barrett‐Lennard Lance G. , Casler Paige K. , Ward Eric J. , Dapp Derek R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecovering small, endangered populations is challenging, especially if the drivers of declines are not well understood. While infrequent births and deaths may be important to the outlook of endangered populations, small sample sizes confound studies seeking the mechanisms underlying demographic fluctuations. Individual metrics of health, such as nutritive condition, can provide a rich data source on population status and may translate into population trends. We examined interannual changes in body condition metrics of endangered Southern Resident killer whales (SRKW) collected using helicopters and remotely operated drones. We imaged and measured the condition of the majority of all three social pods (J, K, and L) in each of seven years between 2008 and 2019. We used Bayesian multi‐state transition models to identify relationships between body condition changes and both tributary‐specific and area‐based indices of Chinook salmon abundance, and K‐fold cross‐validation to compare the predictive power of candidate salmon covariates. We found that Fraser River (tributary‐specific) and Salish Sea (area‐based) Chinook salmon abundances had the greatest predictive power for J Pod body condition changes, as well as the strongest relationships between any salmon covariates and SRKW condition across pods. Puget Sound (tributary‐specific) Chinook salmon abundance had the greatest predictive power for L Pod body condition changes, but a weaker relationship than Fraser River or Salish Sea abundance had with J Pod body condition. The best‐fit model for K Pod included no Chinook covariates. In addition, we found elevated mortality probabilities in SRKW exhibiting poor body condition (reflecting depleted fat reserves), 2–3 times higher than whales in more robust condition. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that (1) fluctuations in SRKW body condition can in some cases be linked to Chinook salmon abundance; (2) the three SRKW pods appear to have distinct patterns of body condition fluctuations, suggesting different foraging patterns; and (3) aerial photogrammetry is a useful early‐warning system that can identify SRKW at higher risk of mortality in the near future.
ZnO Nanoparticles Embedded on a Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet (ZnO−NPs@r‐GO) as a Proficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for a One‐Pot A3‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Patel Dikin , Modi Chetan K. , Jha Prafulla K. , Srivastava Himanshu , Kane Sanjeev R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study reports a simple and facile route for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO−NPs) decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (ZnO−NPs@r‐GO) as a heterogeneous catalyst and tested over multicomponent one‐pot A3‐coupling reaction. The reduction of graphene oxide with the anchoring of ZnO−NPs on the r‐GO nanosheet was observed through the X‐ray diffraction patterns, Raman, FTIR, and XPS results of the ZnO−NPs@r‐GO sample. ZnO−NPs (average particle size of 3.4±1.5 nm) with uniform size distribution over r‐GO nanosheet were substantiated through HRTEM analysis. Impressively, ZnO−NPs@r‐GO significantly used for A3‐coupling reaction with different aromatic aldehydes, active methylene compounds, and urea and under the optimized reaction conditions gave exceptional activity to produce synthetically valuable 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones products (possessing diverse therapeutic and pharmacological properties) i. e. 97 % isolated yield of the product. In addition, excellent reusability up to 4 repeated cycles are the key advantages of the present catalyst used for this multicomponent A3‐coupling reaction.
Urea Detection of Electrochemical Transistor Sensors based on Polyanline (PANI)/MWCNT/Cotton Yarns
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Yang , Wang Yuedan , Zhu Rufeng , Chen Yuanli , Liu Xue , Xu Jia , Li Mufang , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA cotton yarn biosensor based on electrochemical transistor functionalized with MWCNT and PANI was developed for the detection of urea. The transistors based on PANI/MWCNT/cotton yarns under optimized MWCNT concentration has been obtained, which exhibited high on/off current ratio, fast response time, and good operational stability. A transistor‐based urea sensor was prepared from PANI/MWCNT/cotton yarns, which could monitor urea in the 1 nM–1 mM linear range with the correlation coefficient of 0.9716. Furthermore, the sensor showed superior reproducibility and high specificity. The practical applications of the proposed sensor were also confirmed. These results indicate the flexible transistor can be used as an efficient platform for biological detection in body fluids.
Characterization of capillary inner surface conditions with streaming potential
Authors: Chenyakin Yuri , Chen David Da Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStreaming potential is created when an electrolyte solution is forced to flow pass a charged surface. For an uncoated fused silica capillary, the streaming potential is measured between the inlet and outlet vials while applying a pressure across the capillary. The changes in streaming potential can be used to characterize the properties of the capillary inner surface. In this work, HCl, NaCl, and NaOH solutions ranging from 0.4 to 6 mM were used as the background electrolyte (BGE) at temperatures of 15 to 35 °C for the mesurements. The streaming potential decreases with the increase in BGE concentration, and the trend is amplified at higher temperatures. When buffer solutions in the pH range of 1.5 to 12.7 were used as the BGE, streaming potential was shown to be sensitive to changes in pH but reaches a maximum at around 9.5. At pH < 3.3, no streaming potentials were observed. The pH of zero surface charge (streaming potential equals 0) changes with temperature, and is measured to be 3.3 to 3.1 when the temperature is changed from 15 to 35°C. Zeta potentials can be calculated from the measured streaming potential, conductivity, and the solution viscosity. Surface charge densities were calculated in this work using the zeta potentials obtained. We demonstrated that capillary surface conditions can significantly change the streaming potential, and with three different solutions, we showed that analyte‐dependent adsorption can be monitored and mitigated to improve the peak symmetry and migration times reproducibility.