bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization rate of empty fruit bunch and NPK compound fertilizer for 4-years-old oil palm
Authors: Sudradjat  , Diansyah A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), followed by Malaysia as the second producing country. CPO production of Indonesia and Malaysia reaches 80% of all world production. However, fertilizing empty fruit bunches should be combined with inorganic fertilizers. Empty fruit bunches of oil palm are waste from CPO processing, and the amount is very abundant. The use of empty bunches combined with compound NPK fertilizer is intended to increase the vegetative growth and support productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum rate of empty fruit bunches and NPK compounds. The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm of IPB-University, Jonggol, Bogor, from March 2016 to March 2017. The treatment consists of two factors, the first factor is the treatment of empty bunches (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg plant−1 year−1) and the second factor is NPK compound (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg of plant−1 year−1). The results of this study determined that the optimum rate of empty fruit bunches fertilizer is 128 kg palm−1, and the optimum rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 4.61 kg palm−1 for 4-year-old oil palm.
Growth and yield of edamame soybean in post-tin mining land with application of Rhizobium bacteria and organic fertilizer
Authors: Lestari T , Apriyadi R , Amandha G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Post tin mining land in Bangka Island can be utilized as agricultural land with the application of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium. Organic fertilizer and Rhizobiumare the right combination to provide a good planting environment for edamame soybean. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium the growth and yield of edamame soybean in post tin mining land. This research was conducted in a post-tin mining land, Bangka, from January to May 2020. This research used a split-plot randomized complete block design. The main plot was an application of Rhizobium (legin) consisting of without Rhizobium (R0) and Rhizobium (R1). The subplot was the application of organic fertilizer consisting of empty palm fruit bunch (P1), husk (P2), and commercial compost (P3). The results showed that commercial compost gave the best effect on plant height, the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, weight of 100 seeds, number and weight of pods per plant, number and volume of roots. Rhizobium gave the best effect on the numbers of roots, root volume, and percentage of effective root nodules. The combination of husk and Rhizobium legin gave the best effect on the flowering day of edamame soybean in post tin mining land.
Effect of paraquat dichloride application to the soil arthropods on the rice field, corn, and oil palm plantation
Authors: Nurulalia L , Mubin N , Dadang  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paraquat dichloride is a non-selective contact herbicide currently used by farmers in Indonesia to control weeds on plantations, such as palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. There are only a few studies to date on the eco-toxicological aspects of paraquat. Therefore, the research aim was study the effect of paraquat application on soil arthropods on three commodities. The research conducted on the rice and corn fields, and oil palm plantations in two consecutive seasons. Treatments included three paraquat concentrations (4, 8, and 16 ml/l); carbendazim (2 g/l); and control, with five replicates. The number and abundance of soil arthropods observed using pitfall traps and the collection of outermost soil layers for each crop at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after application. The order number of soil arthropods collected from rice, oil palms, and corn in season 1 was 12, 13, and 16, respectively; and 10, 16, and 16 in season 2. The three most dominant groups of soil arthropods were collembola, mites, and ants. The population patterns of soil arthropods for those three commodities were similar. Paraquat was thought to be toxic to non-target organism, such as terrestrial arthropods. This research showed that paraquat had an effect on the presence and population of soil arthropods for certain time after application. However, after 8 to 12 weeks after application, the population increased slightly.
Evaluation of inoculum arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Brachiaria decumbens
Authors: Karti P D M H , Prihantoro I , Aryanto A T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can help plants to uptake nutrients, especially phosphorus, so that plants will produce sustainably. The study aimed to evaluate the inoculum of AMF obtained by hydroponic techniques, such as spray, drip, and NFT (Nutrient Film Techniques), with different nutrients Hyponex red and AB mix onBrachiaria decumbensgrass. The experimental design used randomized complete design with 7 treatments namely control, SP1 (Spray/Hyponex red), SP2 (Spray/AB mix), NP1 (NFT/Hyponex red), NP2 (NFT/AB mix), DP1 (Drip/Hyponex Red), DP2 (Drip/AB mix). Variables measured were production of shoot dry matter; content, and uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and crude protein. The results showed that AMF inoculum significantly (p<0.05) increased shoot dry matter production, phosphor, nitrogen, and protein content when compared with control. Phosphorus uptake in SP2 gave the best results but not significantly different from NP1, NP2, and DP1, but significantly different (p<0.05) with SP1, DP2, and control. The AMF inoculum significantly (p<0.5) increased nitrogen and protein uptake when compared to control. The conclusion that AMF inoculum increased shoot dry matter, phosphor, nitrogen, and protein content, and uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and protein. The inoculum that has been produced can be used by the community to increase productivity.
Suitability criteria of land characteristics related to Eucalyptus pellita production
Authors: Nadalia D , Sutandi A , Nugroho B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Existing land suitability criteria are generally based on empirical data relative to land characteristics estimates and have not been related to production estimates. This study aimed to arrange land characteristics suitability related to Eucalyptus pellita production by the boundary line method approach. Soil samples, soil characteristics, and actual production of the tree were taken from districts at PT. Arara Abadi, Riau. A relationship between land characteristics and plant production was plotted in the scatter diagram. The data scatter confined by boundary lines consists of one or two lines of simple linear regression equations. The intersection between boundary lines equations with the bulkhead production on the x-axis (soil characteristics) derived land characteristics suitability criteria. The results showed that the optimum land characteristics to support maximum productivity of E. pellita were sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or loamy sand soil texture, pH 4.0 - 4.7, base saturation > 7.51%, organic C > 1.10%, Al saturation < 37%, total N > 0.08%, available P > 4.7 ppm, exchangeable K > 0.03 cmol (+) kg−1, and slope < 18%. The criteria were then validated on the field and suggested that the land characteristics suitability criteria were about 70% valid.
Agroforestry inside oil palm plantation for enhancing biodiversity-based ecosystem functions
Authors: Tarigan S , Buchori D , Siregar I Z , Azhar A , Ullyta A , Tjoa A , Edy N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At the oil palm landscape, conserving biodiversity and ecosystem processes can range from continuous adjacent forest remnant to tree patches (agroforestry) maintained within the oil palm landscape on steep slopes and riparian margins. The objective of the research was to analyze patched of tree planting inside monoculture oil palm plantation (agroforestry) as one variant of landscape multifunctionality for enhancing biodiversity-based ecosystem functions including soil macrofauna, soil water recharge/retention, and pollinators. The observation was carried out in 2019 in agroforestry islands established in 2013 by EFForTS research project inside monoculture oil palm plantation. At the agroforestry age of 5 years in 2019, the abundance of individual soil fauna in agroforestry plots and oil palm plantation was not significantly different. The infiltration and soil big pores in agroforestry tended to be higher than in oil palm active rows. Pollinator species richness was not significantly different in all plant diversity levels and plots. Similar to its richness, pollinator abundance is neither affected in different plant diversity levels nor plots. The lack of pollinator presence may be caused by the haze from forest and land fires that happened during the research.
Sustainability of Horticulture in Agriculture Era 4.0 in Lembang Sub-district, West Java
Authors: Stanny Y A , Barus B , Pravitasari A E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHorticulture in Lembang Sub-district seems to be threatened with unsustainability due to urban expansion in Bandung Metropolitan Area. This urban expansion causes a land conversion and puts farmers at risk of losing their arable land. In Agriculture Era 4.0, horticulture management should be integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT), so it can survive amid the urban expansion. Hence, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture in the current Agriculture Era 4.0 by knowing the spatial distribution of horticulture and land capability class in Lembang Sub-district. The data was collected through field surveys, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. While the methods were performed by visual interpretation and overlay using ArcGIS and RAP-FARM/MDS. Results showed that 3,079.03 ha was classified as horticulture with vegetables as the dominant cultivated. Based on the horticultural distribution and land capability class, the sustainability index of horticulture were: 54.27 (horticulture in class III), 54.47 (horticulture in class IV), and 44.11 (horticulture in class VI). Horticulture in class III and class IV has quite sustainable status, while class VI has less sustainable status. This study results can be taken into consideration in determining spatial planning for sustainable horticultural development in Lembang Sub-district.
Water resource potential at Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Pandjaitan N H , Rau M I , Sutoyo  , Febrita J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water is an essential element for agriculture, including fodder cultivation. The fodder production for School of the Community Farming (SPR) was planned to be located at Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia. Sekaran Village always has water shortage particularly during the dry season. Sekaran Village is located in East Java and the river discharge was low. The study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative potential of water resources from both surface and groundwater. The surface water potential was analyzed based on discharge measurement at the river and rainfall potential at the village. According to river discharge and rainfall potential, several small reservoirs could designed to collect rain water during the wet season and the location for planned reservoir was also examined. Furthermore, the groundwater potential was assessed based on a geoelectrical survey at 20 points of measurements within the study area. The discharge of the river was 1.43 L/sec and of the spring was 0.62 L/sec. The results showed that the groundwater potential was low with only less than 1 L/sec. However, this could be maximized by constructing shallow wells. To choose the reservoir and wells locations, aerial mapping was conducted to portray the topography. The research result could be used by the farmers to design their agricultural activities including developing SPR.
Developing sustainable pepper smallholders in the East Luwu regency, South Sulawesi province
Authors: Wahyudi A , Sujianto S , Wulandari S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims to improve productivity, conserve the environment, promote social welfare, and improve economic efficiency. The productivity of white pepper smallholders in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, was the highest in Indonesia at 1.4 tons/ha, and some smallholders reached more than 6 tons/ha. This research aimed to study the cultivation practices and evaluate sustainability from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. The method used in this research was a case-study on accomplished smallholders in Ranteangin Village, Towuti District. Pepper smallholders’ outstanding cultivation practices that threaten sustainability from environmental and social perspectives were clean land clearing, monoculture planting pattern, utilization of wood supports, clean weeding, and processing. While from an economic perspective, most cultivation practices were sustainable because the higher cost incurred can be offset by higher productivity. Strategies to develop sustainable cultivation practices are implementing more appropriate technologies such as minimum tillage application, multispecies planting of cover crops, live tree supports, and waste treatment in product processing.
Characterization of genes encoding key enzymes involved in sugar metabolism of matoa (Pometia pinnata)
Authors: Agusri  , Widodo W D , Matra D D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Matoa (Pometia pinnata JR Forst. & G Forst.) is one of Indonesia’s underutilized fruits, which can grow to giant trees up to 50 m (164 ft) and found naturally in the Asia-Pacific region, mainly in lowland tropical areas about 14°N to 20°S. Matoa fruit contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, and saponin, secondary metabolite compounds derived from sugar metabolism. Sugar metabolism involved several genes that control the photosynthesis pathway. This research aimed to isolate and characterize the gene related to sugar metabolism depending on the assembled-transcriptome database genome against the UniProt database using the BLASTX program. Six gene sequences characterized 176,002 number of contigs that are nine contigs of Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), four contigs of Sucrose-phosphate (SPP), 12 contigs of Sucrose synthase (SUS), 19 contigs of Alkaline/neutral invertase (INV), four contigs of Cytosolic invertase (CINV), 20 contigs of Beta-fructofuranosidase (CWINV). The research lays the foundation for a comprehensive study of biological mechanisms involved in sugar metabolism growth and the development life circle of matoa.
Chemical characteristics of kelulut honey (Trigona sp.) in Bangka Tengah District, Indonesia
Authors: Evahelda  , Setiawan I , Aini S N , Afriani Z L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Honey is a natural liquid which generally has a sweet taste produced by honey bees (Apis sp.) from floral nectar or other parts of plants (extrafloral). Kelulut honey is the honey produced by kelulut bees (Trigon sp). The kelulut bee is a member of the Meliponidae family (Stingless bee) and has a smaller body size compared to Apis bees, making it safe for cultivation. The honey quality cannot be uniformed every time it is harvested. This is because the physical and chemical quality characteristics of honey are very dependent on external and internal factors. External factors that influence it are the source of nectar, season, soil or geographic conditions, processing, and storage conditions. The internal factor that influences it is the type of bee. This study aimed to analyze the chemical characteristics of Bangka kelulut honey based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3545: 2013. The honey sample used was fresh kelulut honey without processing from the Karomah Forest Farmer Group in Lubuk Lingkuk Village, Lubuk Besar District, Central Bangka Regency. The results showed that the chemical quality characteristics of Bangka kelulut honey have not passed the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3545: 2013, especially on water content, reducing sugar content and acidity, respectively 28.7%, 59.3%, and 74.6 ml NaOH/kg. Kelulut honey also has vitamin C of 24.1 mg/kg.
The microbiological and chemical characteristics of mozzarella cheese supplemented with different level of kefir
Authors: Ferawati  , Purwati E , Melia S , Suharto E L S , Agestayani  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of kefir supplementation on the characteristic of mozzarella cheese was investigated. Kefir is a fermented milk product that contains lactic acid bacteria, acetic bacteria, and yeast. The quality of mozzarella cheese has strongly influenced the level of kefir. The characteristics of mozzarella cheese with the addition of kefir were studied by measuring pH value, moisture content, protein content, fat content, total viable count, and total lactic acid bacterial count. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were performed by kefir supplementation levels, i.e., 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%. The higher level of kefir supplementation influenced the microbiological and chemical characteristics of mozzarella cheese. The optimal characteristics of mozzarella cheese were 12% kefir with a pH of 4.8±0.13, a fat of 11.97±0.12%, protein of 23.05±0.22%, moisture of 47.61±0.72%. The mesophilic viable count was 4.7±0.2 log CFU/g, and the lactic acid bacteria was 9.02±0.2 log CFU/g. It is concluded that the best mozzarella cheese by the supplementation of 12% kefir is based on microbiological and chemical characteristics.
Chemical properties of buffalo milk from Sianok Village, Agam District, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar S K , Purwati E , Kurnia Y F , Melia S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuffalo milk is widely available in West Sumatera, Indonesia, which is processed as a traditional food ingredient, so it is necessary to understand its nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the chemical properties of buffalo milk. The measured variables were protein, fat, moisture, pH, and titratable acid. The research method was a descriptive method and analysis in the laboratory. The sample used was taken from four breeders with different lactation types, including 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6thlactation. This sample was taken in Agam Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The results showed that the nutrition composition of buffalo milk is: protein content of 1.99% - 6.55%, fat content of 2.40% - 15.29%, moisture content of 73.07% - 91.20%, pH of 5.9 - 6.4 and titratable acid of 0.50% - 0.58%. The conclusion is that buffalo milk has good nutritional quality.
Study on Operation Scheme Optimization of Compound Ground Source Heat Pump System in Severe Cold Area
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Peiqiang , Sun Ying , Xu Ying , Qi Dongxin , Qin Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the imbalance of soil heat caused by the application of Ground Source Heat Pump System in severe cold areas, the energy supply performance of the system under the control of conventional operation scheme and multi-mode switching scheme was simulated by using TRMSYS system simulation software. The results show that the CGSHPS has good energy supply performance under the control of multi-mode operation scheme; Under the multi-mode switching operation scheme, the total heat extraction of the heat exchanger in the whole year is less than the heat storage, the energy consumption of the unit is less, and the soil temperature increases by 0.09°C after the periodic operation of the system.
Improved Coordinated Control of Coal-fired Power Units with Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration by Introducing Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Zhang Guangming , Niu Yuguang , Wang Wei , Gan Zhiyong , Tang Ningning 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With a high proportion of renewable energy being connected to the grid, the stable operation of the power system has been severely challenged. Conventional coal-fired power units need to take measures to compensate for random fluctuations in renewable power generation. This study introduces the battery energy storage system (BESS) to the coordinated control system (CCS) of the coal-fired units to improve the load regulation. Firstly, the dynamic models of boiler-turbine unit and BESS are set up. Furthermore, an improved coordinated control system combined with boiler, turbine, and BESS is designed. A dual controller that consists of BESS and fuel control is proposed to improve the power ramp rate. Finally, a power step simulation in a 330 MW coal-fired power unit is conducted. The simulation results show that the power ramp rate is 60 MW/min and the AGC performance index reaches 7.68 with the improved strategy.
Fourth-order Compact and Energy Conservation Scheme for MRLW Equation
Authors: Chai Jinli , Guo Cui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The modified regularized long wave equation(MRLW) is studied. It is necessary to solve MRLW equation problem. We introduce an auxiliary variable to reduce the highest second derivative to the first derivative. Here, a new numerical scheme is proposed, the compact difference is defined. We use the integral Finite Volume method with variational integral limitation for the space layer discrete and the Crank-Nicolson method for the time layer discrete. A fully discrete numerical scheme is obtained. The numerical scheme ensures the energy conservation of the original equation. The accuracy of the new numerical scheme is o (h
4 +τ2). At the same time, the existence of the solution of the numerical scheme is discussed.
Research and Practice of Testing Technology for the Use Characteristics of Electric Bus
Authors: Yin Aihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electric buses are widely used at present, and the social demand for vehicle maintenance and inspection technology is increasing. Compared with traditional cars, electric buses have a large number of electronic control units and complex structures. Traditional inspection ideas and methods are difficult to be accurate Reflect the status and failure of electric vehicles. In this paper, through the discussion of the main problems in the detection of electric buses, the high-voltage online detection process, the outage detection process and the research and practice of detection methods of using characteristics of electric bus vehicle are determined. The detection methods of characteristics such as consumption rate and power transmission and insulation between vehicles provide technical references for the correct use, technical support and technical integrity of electric buses.
Adhesive Reliability Study at the Encapsulant/Backsheet Interface of Solar Modules for Various Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer White Films
Authors: Zhuang Hao , Huang Guoping , Jiang Yashuai , Sun Guan , Bai Xueliang , Li Jingnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
White EVA film has recently been widely applied between the solar cells and the backsheet to improve the light reflection and gain more power. The peel strength between EVA layer and backsheet may decrease in damp heat environments. The decline in peel strength may vary for different EVA films as well as different match with backsheets. In this work, the weather resistance performance of four different white EVA films were comparatively studied with four different backsheets. Peel strength before and after the damp heat test for 1000h and 1500h was measured. For the interface with low initial peel strength, increase in bonding force was observed after the damp heat test. For the interface with high initial peel strength, degradation in bonding force may probably occur. These results suggest that a higher initial performance cannot always ensure a higher performance after degradation.