bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Analysis Comparing Human Mandibular Deciduous Molars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: El-Messiry Hend , Alaa Eman 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The presence of variations in crown and root measurements in deciduous teeth usually leads to complications during and after treatment. Hence, in order to improve the success rate in pediatric treatment, there must be proper knowledge of dental morphological and morphometric characteristics of deciduous teeth among different populations.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to assess length of the crowns, length of the roots, roots to crown (R/C) ratio, and distance between the floor of pulp chamber to furcation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
Extracted deciduous molar teeth were collected and divided into: group I: Deciduous mandibular first molars (lower D) (n = 16) and Group II: Deciduous mandibular second molars (lower E) (n = 21). The length of the crowns, length of the roots, R/C ratio and distance between the floor of pulp chamber and furcation were measured using CBCT. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Lower D showed smaller crown length with a mean of 4.87 mm, longer mesial root length with a mean of 9.68 mm and greater R/C ratio with a mean of 2 mm when compared to lower E. As for the distal root length and the distance between the floor of the pulp chamber and the furcation area, both molars closely resembled each other. There was a statistical significant difference between both molars regarding mesial root length, crown length, and R/C ratio.

Conclusion:
The current study concluded that dental morphological characteristics are important in research as they provide valuable information about diversities within a population.
Association of Nucleotide Variants of GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 Genes with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in Multigenerational Families
Authors: Neela Praveen Kumar , Gosla Srinivas Reddy , Husain Akhter , Mohan Vasavi , Thumoju Sravya , Rajeshwari B. V. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Several genes are associated with the etiology of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in different populations. Many nucleotide variants on genes such as GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 were reported in different populations, but not studied in multigenerational cases in the Indian population.

Aim and Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nucleotide variants rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332 are involved in the etiology of nonsyndromic CLP (NSCLP) in multigenerational Indian families.

Study Design:
Retrospective genetic study.

Materials and Methods:
Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 multigenerational families with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were selected. Blood samples from both affected and unaffected participants were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Six nucleotide variants on these genes were genotyped to test for the association with NSCL/P. Genotyping was performed with the MassArray method. Genotype distribution was used to calculate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using PLINK, a whole-genome association analysis toolset. The allelic association was compared among cases and controls using Chi-square test as implemented in PLINK. P ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical differences between groups.

Results:
No significant associations were found between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and NSCL/P. The odds ratio was 1.531, 1.198, 0.8082, 1.418, 1, and 0.5929 for polymorphisms rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that among the multigenerational families in our population, the high-risk nucleotide variants GRHL3 rs41268753, IRF6 rs861020, NAT2 rs1041983, SDC2 rs1042381, BCL3 rs2965169, and PVRL1 rs10790332 are not associated with increased risk of NSCL/P.
Sedative and Behavioral Effects of Intranasal Midazolam in Comparison with Other Administrative Routes in Children Undergoing Dental Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Preethy Neethu Ann , Somasundaram Sujatha 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to systematically identify and evaluate the available literature on the effectiveness of intranasal midazolam sedation compared with midazolam administered through other routes in the sedation and behavior management of children during dental treatment.

Materials and Methods:
The search was done using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and SIGLE. All studies comparing the sedative effect and behavior management effectiveness of intranasal midazolam with midazolam administered through other routes in children were included.

Results:
Electronic database search identified 163 articles, out of which 143 were excluded after reading titles and removing duplication. The remaining 20 studies were evaluated in detail. A final of 13 studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Among the 13 studies included in the present review, a high risk of bias was noted in all the 13 articles. There was no adequate blinding of personnel and participants in the study, allocation concealment was improper and presence of inadequate blinding of the outcome assessment. . Statistically, no significant difference was observed between intranasal midazolam and other midazolam routes on behavior and sedation level in the studies included in this review.

Conclusion:
Limited studies are available pertaining to the sedative and behavioral effects of intranasal midazolam, and thus, this review recommends need for more research evaluating the sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in comparison with midazolam administered through other routes in the behavior management of children during dental treatment.
Poor-Quality Medicines in Cameroon: A Critical Review
Authors: Waffo Tchounga Christelle Ange , Sacré Pierre-Yves , Ciza Hamuli Patient , Ngono Mballa Rose , Nnanga Nga Emmanuel , Hubert Philippe , Marini Djang’eing’a Roland 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Poor-quality medicines are the cause of many public health and socioeconomic problems. We conducted a review to acquire an overview of the situation concerning such medicines in Cameroon. Different searches were performed on databases from several websites of the WHO, the Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon, the Anti-Counterfeit Medicine Research Institute, the Global Pharma Health Fund, and the Infectious Disease Data Observatory. We identified 92 publications comprised of 19 peer-reviewed studies and 73 alerts. Based on studies completed, 1,664 samples were analyzed, and the prevalence of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines could be estimated for 1,440 samples. A total of 67.5% of these samples were collected from the informal sector, 20.9% from the formal sector, and 11.6% from both sectors. We found a prevalence of SF medicines across the peer-reviewed studies of 26.9%, whereas most of the SF medicines belonged to the anti-infective class. The problem of SF medicines is not studied sufficiently in Cameroon; therefore, efforts should be made to conduct adequate studies in terms of representativity and methodology.
An Examination of Resident Perspectives on Survey Participation and Methodology: Implications for Educational Practice and Research
Authors: Colbert Colleen Y. , Brateanu Andrei , Nowacki Amy S. , Prelosky-Leeson Allison , French Judith C. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn medical education, self-administered questionnaires are used to gather information for needs assessments, innovation projects, program evaluations, and research studies. Despite the importance of survey methodology, response rates have declined for years, especially for physicians.ObjectiveThis study explored residents' experiences with survey participation and perceptions of survey design and implementation.MethodsIn 2019, residents at a large Midwestern academic medical center were recruited via email to participate in mixed specialty focus groups (FGs). Narrative comments were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed via conventional content analysis, utilizing cognitive sociology as a conceptual framework. Themes and subthemes were generated iteratively.ResultsPostgraduate year 1–4 residents (n = 33) from internal medicine, surgery, and neurology participated in 7 FGs (3–7 participants/group) from April–May 2019. Eight themes were generated during content analysis: Negative emotions, professionalism, accuracy, impact, survey design/implementation, biases, survey fatigue, and anonymity. Residents questioned the accuracy of survey data, given the tendency for self-selection to drive survey participation. Residents wanted survey participation to be meaningful and reported non-participation for a variety of reasons, including doubts over impact. Satisficing and breakoffs were commonly reported.ConclusionsThough residency program cultures differ across institutions, the findings from this study, including potential barriers to survey participation, should be relevant to anyone in graduate medical education using survey methodology for programmatic data collection, accreditation, and research purposes.
DANÇA E POLÍTICA NA ENCRUZILHADA FLORESTA-FAVELA
Authors: Ledo Hugo César da Silva , Gonçalves Angelita Alves 
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a linguagem da dança como fenômeno social, estabelecendo análises a partir da obra Para que o céu não caia, da Cia Lia Rodrigues, do Complexo de Favelas da Maré (RJ). Inspirado na obra A queda do céu, de Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert, o espetáculo atua na transposição da encruzilhada de vulnerabilidades no eixo floresta-favela, para “segurar o céu” e não sucumbir às adversidades, situando a arte enquanto figuração da resistência. Assim, o presente trabalho busca estabelecer alguns diálogos teóricos com os conceitos de necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2018), poder simbólico (BOURDIEU, 1989), risco (BECK, 2011) e experiência (BONDIÁ, 2002), no sentido de compreender as aproximações entre arte e política em uma criação na dança.
TEACHING COMMUNICATION THEORY AND PRACTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Muradian Gaiane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Communication is a social phenomenon based on sharing information, ideas and attitudes. Maturity, experience, personal and social relationships that run more smoothly and become more meaningful, are developed, expanded and advanced through communication. Hence, the purpose of this paper based on case study methodology is to help students understand the principles of communication theory/study and put them into practice in life. The skills and techniques learned in the course are essential to effective communication in intrapersonal, interpersonal, small-group and public speaking and can be applied not only through studying the theoretical material but also through practical exercises, discussions and presentations that will enable to incorporate them into daily life and activity. As a result, students will learn to function in a more productive and assertive way in public and work environments and develop the newfound abilities to speak up effectively in other contexts.
ESCOLAS DE GOVERNO E SEU PAPEL NO APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO DESEMPENHO DOS SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS
Authors: Mello de Andrade Adriano 
Published: June 2021

As escolas de governo são instituições que tem por objetivo fornecer capacitação para os servidores públicos, bem como o de profissionalização para cargos de carreira. Nesse interim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo dissertar sobre o papel das escolas de governo no aperfeiçoamento e capacitação de servidores públicos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa e para fins descritivos, utilizando de autores encontrados por meio de buscas em bancos de dados digitais de publicações científicas, principalmente o Google Acadêmico e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). Destaca-se as contribuições de Andrade (2012), Pacheco (2002), Fernandes (2015) e Aires et al. (2014). Para o desenvolvimento deste artigo, que evidenciaram a importância das escolas de governo, atuando como ferramentas de aperfeiçoamento do funcionalismo público, ao promover a capacitação e o conhecimento desses profissionais. Assim, é possível concluir que as escolas de governo têm um papel fundamental no aperfeiçoamento do desempenho de servidores públicos, o que se reflete da melhoria dos serviços prestados à população e, consequentemente, aumenta da qualidade da Administração Pública. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que as escolas de governo se configuram como um meio de corroborar para a formação dos servidores públicos, de maneira íntegra, objetivando a construção de sujeitos ativos e conscientes do seu papel na Administração Pública.
Disability Orientation of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Physical Rehabilitation Settings: Tension Between Medical and Social Models in Theory and Practice
Authors: Holler Roni , Chemla Idit , Maeir Adina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Importance: To date, little is known about the extent to which occupational therapy practitioners have adopted the core insights of disability studies.
Objective: To examine the degree to which occupational therapy practitioners endorse the medical model of disability versus the social model of disability in theory and in practice.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Physical rehabilitation facilities, ranging from hospital to community settings.
Participants: One hundred two Israeli occupational therapy practitioners.
Outcomes and Measures: The Orientation toward Disability Scale, constructed for this study, has two dimensions that distinguish between the medical and social models of disability: locus of intervention (the person or environment) and client involvement (extent to which the practitioner fosters the client’s autonomy in the rehabilitation process). Each dimension addresses both theoretical and practical endorsements.
Results: Greater support for the social model of disability was mostly evident in the client involvement dimension, whereas support for the medical model of disability was mostly evident in the locus of intervention dimension. Over both dimensions, the medical model of disability was significantly more endorsed in practice than in theory. Work setting and prior exposure to the social model of disability were found to affect practitioners’ disability orientation.
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners working in physical rehabilitation are still relatively far from fully adopting the critical insights of the social model of disability. This finding is especially relevant when their actual practice, rather than their theoretical views, is considered and when rehabilitation takes place in out-of-home settings.
What This Article Adds: This study offers unique insight into the disability orientation of occupational therapy practitioners, showing a need for more training programs to expose students to the social model of disability. These programs should use critical discussions of the challenges that this model presents to the profession and barriers to implementing it in practice.
Hotel Experiences of People With Physical and Sensory Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stasell Morgan R. , Bathje Molly M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Importance: Engaging in travel is linked to quality of life. People with disabilities travel less often than people without disabilities, likely because of the challenges they experience during hotel stays.
Objective: To explore how people with various physical and sensory disabilities experience hotel stays and to identify opportunities for occupational therapy intervention.
Design: Qualitative, phenomenological design with semistructured interviews.
Participants: Eight adults with physical or sensory disabilities who had at least two hotel stays in the past year.
Outcomes and Measures: We used a semistructured interview guide to ask participants about their experiences during hotel stays.
Results: We identified six themes: (1) customer service, (2) reservation process, (3) built environment challenges, (4) traits and skills, (5) use of technology, and (6) safety and emergency preparedness.
Conclusion: The physical, virtual, and social environments of hotels create challenges for people with physical and sensory disabilities. People with such disabilities use skills to improve their hotel experience. Occupational therapy practitioners can affect the hotel experience of people with disabilities through advocacy, consultation with hotels, and direct intervention with clients.
What This Article Adds: This article offers novel information about the impact of the hotel environment on people with physical and sensory disabilities, the ways in which people with such disabilities manage these challenges, and intervention opportunities for occupational therapy practitioners.
Inside an Occupational Therapy–Disability Community Partnership to Promote Health Management: Ethnography of a Research Collaboration
Authors: Magasi Susan , Angell Amber M. , Papadimitriou Christina , Ramirez Ricardo D. , Ferlin Alli , Reis Judy Panko , Wilson Tom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Importance: Disability studies–informed occupational therapy is predicated on full and equal partnerships among occupational therapy practitioners, researchers, and disability communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an approach to research that aligns with this vision yet is not without challenges. Understanding the tensions that arise from stakeholders’ perspectives and priorities is critical for promoting collaboration between occupational therapy professionals and disability community partners.
Objective: To understand the group dynamics and relational processes of a CPBR team in the context of an intervention development study focused on health management for people with disabilities (PWD).
Design: This 9-mo ethnographic study included semistructured interviews and participant observation. Data were analyzed thematically.
Setting: Community-based multiagency collaborative.
Participants: Nine participants (6 academic team members, 4 of whom were trained as occupational therapists; 2 disability partners; and 1 managed-care organization representative) took part. Three participants self-identified as PWD.
Findings: CBPR processes, although productive, were fraught with challenges. Team members navigated competing priorities, varying power dynamics, and multifaceted roles and identities. Flexibility was needed to address diverse priorities, respond to unexpected challenges, and facilitate the project’s success.
Conclusions and Relevance: Deep commitment to a shared goal of health care justice for PWD and team members’ willingness to address tensions promoted successful collaboration. Intentional relationship building is needed for occupational therapy researchers to collaborate with members of disability communities as equal partners.
What This Article Adds: Disability studies–informed occupational therapy research demands that team members intentionally nurture equitable relationships through shared governance, clear communication, and recognition of the fluid nature of power dynamics.
The Promise of Interoperability
Authors: Doll Joy , Malloy Julie , Bland Jaime 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite technological advancements in health care documentation and the proliferation of electronic health records, health information and health data remain disparate. Patients and health care teams benefit from access to comprehensive patient records to make informed health care decisions. Significant governmental policy and investments have been made to promote interoperability of systems that connect health information with the ultimate intent of developing a longitudinal patient record. In this article, we discuss how health data, interoperability, and related systems are influenced by federal policy. The intent is to expand occupational therapy practitioners’ understanding of the promise of interoperability and the role the occupational therapy profession can play in advancing the infrastructure needed to optimize health care delivery.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Children and Youth Ages 5 to 21 Years
Authors: Beisbier Stephanie , Cahill Susan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of practice guidelines developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s (AOTA’s) Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each article in the series summarizes the evidence from the published reviews on a given topic and presents an application of the evidence to a related clinical case. The articles illustrate how the research evidence from the practice guidelines can be used to inform and guide clinical decision making. In this Evidence Connection article, we describe a case report of a child receiving occupational therapy services and summarize the evaluation and intervention processes for supporting sleep, activities of daily living, and social participation. The practice guideline on this topic was published in the July/August 2020 issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (Cahill & Beisbier, 2020).
The hierarchical organization of arm stroke in a 400-m freestyle swimming race
Authors: Michele Freudenheim Andrea , Madureira Fabrício , Cesar Corrêa Umberto 
Published: June 2021

PurposeArm stroke is a key variable of successful performance in front crawl swimming. In the present study, the effects of the arm stroke on the front crawl swimming performance were analysed by considering the complementarity of macroconsistency and micro-variability in the arm stroke as a hierarchically organized adaptive system. In this case, consistency is necessary to achieve outcomes reliably, and variability is fundamental for coping with environmental instability.MethodsDisplacements of swimmers (<i>n</i> = 31) who competed in the 400-m freestyle race of the Paulista Master Championship were captured in 4 moments (partial races 1–4). From the aerial and aquatic phases of the left and right arm strokes, macrostructure (components’ relative timing) and microstructure (components’ overall time) had their variability rates calculated for all partial races on the basis of the biological coefficients of variation.ResultsIt was revealed that swimmers: (i) increased consistency of macrostructure related to the left arm aerial phase stroke in the final race; (ii) maintained consistency of microstructure across races; and (iii) presented macrostructure with inferior rate of variability to the microstructure in the final race.ConclusionsGiven these results, coaches should emphasize instruction for swimmers to maintain the temporal relationship among arm stroke components (macrostructure) rather than focus on the components themselves (microstructure).