bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gamified mobile health intervention for children in day surgery care: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rantala Arja , Vuorinen Anna‐Leena , Koivisto Jonna , Similä Heidi , Helve Otto , Lahdenne Pekka , Pikkarainen Minna , Haljas Kadri , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the effectiveness of a gamified mobile health intervention for children in whole day surgery care.DesignA study protocol for a two‐arm randomized controlled trial.MethodsParticipants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (N = 62), in which patients receive routine care and play a mobile game designed for children or the control group (N = 62), in which patients receive routine care, including a mobile phone application that supports parents during the care path. The primary outcome is children's pre‐operative anxiety, while the secondary outcome measures included fear and postoperative pain, along with parental satisfaction and anxiety. Data collection started in August 2020.ResultsThe results of the ongoing randomized controlled trial will determine whether the developed gamified mobile health intervention can be recommended for hospital use, and whether it could be used to educate children about their surgical treatment to decrease anxiety.
The detection and prevention of adverse drug events in nursing home and home care patients: Study protocol of a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Langenberger Benedikt , Baier Natalie , Hanke Frank‐Christian , Fahrentholz Jacqueline , Gorny Christina , Sehlen Stephanie , Reber Katrin Christiane , Liersch Sebastian , Radomski Ralf , Haftenberger Jens , Heppner Hans Jürgen , Busse Reinhard , Vogt Verena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of an intervention facilitating the early detection of adverse drug events through the means of health professional training and the application of a digital screening tool.DesignMulti‐centred non‐randomized controlled trial from August 2018 to March 2020 including 65 nursing homes or home care providers.MethodsWe aim to estimate the effect of the intervention on the rate of adverse drug events as primary outcome through a quasi‐experimental empirical study design. As secondary outcomes, we use hospital admissions and falls. All outcomes will be measured on patient‐month level. Once the causal effect of the intervention is estimated, cost‐effectiveness will be calculated. For cost‐effectiveness, we include all patient costs observed by the German statutory health insurance.ResultsThe results of this study will inform about the cost‐effectiveness of the optimized drug supply intervention and provide evidence for potential reimbursement within the German statutory health insurance system.
Preparation of continuous glass fiber/polyamide 6 composites containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardancy
Authors: Yan Chun , Yan Pengwei , Xu Haibing , Liu Dong , Chen Gang , Cai Guangbin , Zhu Yingdan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe halogen‐free flame‐retardant continuous glass fiber/polyamide 6 (GF/PA6) composites containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) were prepared by the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The influence of HPCTP content on mechanical properties of GF/PA6 composites was studied. The addition of HPCTP has no obvious effect on the tensile properties of composites, and the tensile strength of GF/PA6 composites with the addition of 30% HPCTP reaches 425.2 MPa. However, with the addition of HPCTP, the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of GF/PA6/30%HPCTP composites decrease to 246.4 and 20.9 MPa, respectively. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and burning behavior of the composites were evaluated by means of limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter. The results show that the LOI value of GF/PA6 composites can reach up to 30.9% corresponding to the grade of UL‐94V‐0 with the addition of 30% HPCTP. The flame retardancy mechanism of GF/PA6/30%HPCTP composites is attributed to the combined effects of releasing incombustible gases in gas phase at the early stage and forming char layers in the condensed phase, which can dilute the concentration of combustible gas and retard the mass and heat transfer.
Eco‐friendly solution processing of all‐polymer solar cells: Recent advances and future perspective
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Ye Long , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) exhibit great potentials in commercial applications. All‐PSCs have observed steady performance gains with power conversion efficiency now reaching over 17% in the open literature. However, the current processing of all‐PSCs relies predominantly on toxic, chlorinated solvents in moisture‐free environments, representing a significant barrier for their commercialization due to the added costs to handle and dispose of such solvents. There is thus an urgent need for safe, environmentally benign, and sustainable ink‐based processing methods to produce all‐PSC devices reliably and reproducibly in ambient air. In this perspective, fundamental insights on the interplay between all‐polymer blend morphologies and eco‐friendly solvents are provided. Also, we discuss the recent successes of the green processing methods to manipulate the photoactive morphologies for high‐efficiency all‐PSCs. In the end, we provide an outlook on future challenges and opportunities of eco‐friendly solvents processed all‐PSCs for large‐scale manufacturing.
Insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster in vineyards and evaluation of alternative insecticides
Authors: Mertz Robert W , Hesler Stephen , Pfannenstiel Luke J , Norris Rachel H , Loeb Gregory , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCultivation of grapes is a major crop globally, particularly in support of the wine production industry which has significant economic impact in numerous countries. Sour rot is an economically important disease of grapes. It is caused by an interaction of yeast + acetic acid bacteria, and vectored by Drosophila spp. Substantial control of sour rot in wine grape vineyards has been achieved by control of Drosophila using insecticides such as zeta‐cypermethrin. An outbreak of sour rot and high populations of Drosophila melanogaster were observed in 2018 in a vineyard in New York (Finger Lakes region), USA. Flies from this population were found to be resistant to zeta‐cypermethrin (the active ingredient in Mustang Maxx®), but whether or not this was a widespread problem was not known. To determine if resistance was geographically limited, we surveyed populations of D. melanogaster collected from 11 vineyards across New York State and one in Missouri (USA). We also evaluated 19 alternative insecticides for their potential use for control of D. melanogaster, by determining their toxicity to a susceptible strain and by examining cross‐resistance using a field‐collected population.RESULTSThere were high levels of resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin, malathion, and acetamiprid found in all populations sampled. Resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin and malathion was stable over 33 months. Results from two vineyards also suggested that resistance to spinetoram was starting to evolve. The alternative insecticides we evaluated had LC50 values to the susceptible strain ranging from 0.65 to 15 000 ng·cm−2.CONCLUSIONResistance to zeta‐cypermethrin, malathion, and acetamiprid is geographically widespread and the levels of resistance are similar between early season and late season collections. Cross‐resistance was detected against all the insecticides tested, with the lowest levels seen for broflanilide, fipronil, and flumethrin. These patterns of resistance/cross‐resistance/multiple resistance are discussed in terms of selection within and outside of vineyards. The implications of these results to insecticide resistance monitoring and management are discussed.
Scutellarin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing IRE1α/XBP1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Huo Zhaojiong , Luan Huiling , Huang Yihai , Shen Yanhui , Sheng Liang , Liang Jiangyu , Wu Feihua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent liver disease characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy play an important role in lipid accumulation. In this study, scutellarin (Scu) was examined in palmitic acid–treated HepG2 cells and C57/BL6 mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Scu reduced intracellular lipid content and inhibited sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c)‐mediated lipid synthesis and fatty acid translocase‐mediated lipid uptake in HepG2 cells. Additionally, Scu restored impaired autophagy and inhibited excessive activation of ER stress in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Scu upregulated forkhead box O transcription factor 1–mediated autophagy by inhibiting inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/X‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1) branch activation, while XBP1s overexpression exacerbated the lipid accumulation and impaired autophagy in HepG2 cells and also weakened the positive effects of Scu. Furthermore, Scu attenuated ER stress by activating autophagy, ultimately downregulating SREBP‐1c‐mediated lipid synthesis, and autophagy inhibitors offset these beneficial effects. Scu inhibited the crosstalk between autophagy and ER stress and downregulated saturated fatty acid–induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. These findings demonstrate that Scu ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing ER stress via the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway.
A homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring time between events
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Khan Majid , Anwar Syed Masroor , Zaman Babar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn high‐quality processes, non‐conforming events rarely occur, and the time between events (TBE) is more likely to follow a skewed distribution, such as gamma distribution. This paper proposes a gamma distribution‐based one‐sided homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring the TBE. The proposed control chart is known as the HWMA_TBE control chart. The HWMA_TBE control chart monitors the downward shifts in the process, that is, a decrease in inter‐arrival time that can lead to the process deterioration. The Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to compute specific performance indicators, such as average run length (), standard deviation run length , extra quadratic loss (), relative average run length (), and performance comparison index (). Based on these performance indicators, the HWMA_TBE control chart is compared to some competing control charts. The comparison suggests that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more efficient than the competing control charts. Moreover, this paper also investigates the robustness of the HWMA_TBE control chart, which indicates that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more robust than the competing control charts. In the end, two examples are provided, one with boring machine failure data and the other with breast cancer survival data, to evaluate the implementation of the HWMA_TBE control chart for practical situations.
Online monitoring of process variance drifts for leptokurtic and heavy‐tailed data
Authors: Tan Wushuang , Liu Liu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn many applications, monitoring the variance of a process online is very important. For example, in industrial and medical fields and weather and ocean research, monitoring the variance drift in processes can effectively reduce losses. This monitoring is especially important in finance because data tend to have leptokurtic and heavy‐tailed characteristics and there are few control charts for the online monitoring of variance drifts. Therefore, we develop a new exponentially weighted moving average control chart based on the sample quantiles of all pairwise differences: the EWMA control chart. This control chart shows a good performance in the online monitoring of variance drifts when the distribution is leptokurtic and heavy‐tailed, as is the case with the Student's t‐distribution, the Pareto distribution, and the generalized error distribution. To visually explain the EWMA control chart for monitoring the effect of variance drifts, we compare the monitoring efficiency of the EWMA control chart with that of two other control charts (the MDEWMA control chart and the GVA control chart) using Monte Carlo simulations and the RMI. The results show that the EWMA control chart is the most effective for monitoring the variance drifts of data with leptokurtic and heavy‐tailed distributions. Additionally, we use these three control charts to monitor the variance drifts of the weekly return rate of gold (data from Yahoo Finance) to illustrate the application of the EWMA control chart in practical cases.
On the positive stabilizability of sampled positive systems
Authors: Guo Baoyin , Zhang Liangyin , Chen Michael Z. Q. , Zou Yun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of positive stabilizability of single‐input LTI positive systems. Firstly, for a single‐input continuous‐time positive linear system, it has been derived that a necessary condition of the existence of a stablilizing linear time‐invariant controller is the number of nonnegative real poles not being greater than one. Inspired by that, the continuous‐time positive stabilizability of systems with unstable complex poles is studied in this paper, where the third‐order and higher‐order cases are considered. Secondly, an enhanced method to construct the static state‐feedback gain of a sampled positive system is presented, which takes account of the positivity preservation in the sampling interval. According to the method, the positive stabilizablity of the single‐input second‐order sampled positive system is analyzed. Some numerical examples are finally presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Distributed optimization with hybrid linear constraints for multi‐agent networks
Authors: Zheng Yanling , Liu Qingshan , Wang Miao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the distributed constrained optimization with hybrid linear constraints for multi‐agent networks, in which all the agents collaboratively minimize the global objective function with a sum of convex local objective functions, while the constraints are more general with local and global restrictions on the agents. Based on matrix and graph theories, a discrete‐time algorithm under distributed manner is designed to deal with the organized problems. In addition, the optimality of the presented algorithm is obtained under certain initial restriction for the agents. By virtue of a novel Lyapunov function and the optimal conditions, rigorous analysis shows the convergence of the multi‐agent networks with undirected and connected graphs. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to validate the theoretical consequence.
Contract sex: Decriminalization versus legalization
Authors: Shrage Laurie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhy are sex worker rights groups advocating for decriminalizing sex work, but not for legalizing it? In this paper, I will explain why efforts to decriminalize sex work deserve the same support as efforts to decriminalize abortion, marijuana, or polygamy. Many human rights advocates now recognize that decriminalizing sexual transactions which take place among consenting adults in private, including informally contracting for sexual services, is necessary for protecting our fundamental human and civil rights. Yet decriminalizing individual acts of prostitution opens the door to various kinds of organized and public market activities, and there is little consensus among progressive reformers about how wide this door should be pushed opened. A consensus has been forming, nevertheless, among sex worker rights organizations. These groups generally hold that regulatory restrictions specific to sex work (“legalization”), which limit where and how contracting for sexual services can take place, leads to practices that are punitive toward sex workers in ways similar to criminalization. In this paper, I will consider the arguments for decriminalization and against legalization, and argue that accepting levels of governmental oversight above the norm may be a necessary compromise in order to change policies regarding a controversial activity.
Synthesis of 1‐(3‐(1‐substituted‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)‐tetrazoles by Sequential Assembly of Azole Fragments
Authors: Zviagin Eugene , Saraev Vyacheslav , Sysoiev Dmytro , Klepetářová Blanka , Mazur Maryna , Zhelavskyi Oleksii , Shliapkina Yuliia , Müller Thomas J. J. , Chebanov Valentyn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOnly few efficient methods for the preparation of polyazoles containing three or four nitrogen atoms in each azole cycle exist. We have developed a novel synthetic strategy that allows the sequential assembly of 1,2,3‐triazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, and tetrazole fragments into a new stable polyazole. Along the novel strategy, some known procedures have been optimized to achieve better conversion, selectivity, and, in general, overall efficiency.
Reactivity of 4‐pyrimidyl Sulfonic Esters in Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Water Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Vidal Matías , Rodríguez‐Aguilar José , Aburto Ignacio , Aliaga Carolina , Domínguez Moisés 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of four 4‐pyrimidyl sulfonic esters in Palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions was studied with various boronic acids. All the reactions were conducted in water under microwave irradiation. Electron‐rich aryl boronic acids exhibited higher yields when triflate (−OSO2CF3) was used as the pseudohalide, whereas electron‐poor aryl boronic acids reacted faster when nonaflate was employed (−OSO2(CF2)3CF3). Furthermore, the reactivity guide for Pd‐catalyzed coupling of these accessible pseudohalides with boron‐based coupling partners was applied to synthesize a bipyrimidine in excellent yield. Finally, the 2‐methylpyrimidines obtained are suitable starting materials for the synthesis of luminescent sensors.
Metal Organic Framework Derived Cu–Doped Ni2P Nanoparticles Incorporated with Porous Carbon as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in a Wide pH Range
Authors: Qu Bo , Wei Mengle , Lu Xuetao , Zhu Jinkun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and low cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for electrochemical water splitting, which is considered as the most promising strategy to resolve the problems caused by the overexploit and consume of fossil fuel. Herein, we report the fabrication of copper nickel bimetallic phosphide nanoparticles encapsulated within hierarchical porous carbon (CuxNi1‐xP@PC) based on a bimetallic organic frameworks (BMOFs) assisted phosphorization route. The size‐controlled effect of BMOFs led to the ultrafine particle sizes (average about 10 nm), which possess large active surface area and high dispersity in the final catalyst materials. Remarkably, when investigated as electrocatalysts for HER, the fabricated CuxNi1‐xP@PC composites exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic activity and excellent long‐term stability toward HER at all pH values. It required overpotentials of 102 and 118 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH solution respectively, as well as Tafel slopes of 85.8 mV dec−1 and 73.1 mV dec−1. This work offers a promising route to explore BMOFs as precursor for the fabrication of hybrid electrocatalysts with high performance toward water splitting.
Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Danishefsky's Diene with Imine Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Imidazole Halogen Bond Donors
Authors: Zhao Chang , Sun Cuihong , Li Xiaoyan , Zeng Yanli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, the halogen bonding catalysis in Aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction is increasing gloriously. In this work, the mechanism of the Aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction between imine and Danishefsky's diene catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic imidazole halogen bond donors has been explored with density functional theory. It is revealed that the reaction has two possible pathways: [4+2] cycloaddition pathway and Mannich pathway, in agreement with experimental predictions. Formation of halogen bond between the iodine atom of the catalysts and the N atom of the imine, results in lower energy barriers and more favorable of the reaction. The catalytic effect of the halogen bond can result in the electron rearrangement, which facilitates the formation of C−C bond. The stronger electron‐withdrawing ability of the group bonded to iodine atom of catalysts is, the better the catalytic activity is. These findings could be helpful to develop halogen bond donor catalysts in organic reactions.
A Non‐Ionic Precursor for Preparing Di‐, Tetra‐, Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazatricyclo[7,3,0,03,7]dodecane‐5,11‐dione: Synthesis, Mechanism and Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiya , Lin Xiangyang , Huang Haifeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA non‐ionic precursor 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazatricyclo[7,3,0,03,7]dodecane‐5,11‐dione (HTDD) was applied to synthesize hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazatricyclo[7,3,0,03,7]dodecane‐5,11‐dione (HHTDD) and its derivatives. The calculation of the electrostatic potential (ESP) shows that the non‐ionic precursor has a stronger electrophilic reactivity compared to the previous ionic analogue, which is also verified by nitrification experiments. 90 % HNO3 was reacted with the ionic precursor and the non‐ionic precursor, respectively, and only the latter can obtain a full nitrification product. All nitrification products with different nitro group numbers were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, element analysis, DSC, TG and single‐crystal XRD. The hydrolytic stability was tested in different concentrations of acidic and alkaline solutions. The impact and friction sensitivities were measured. Further the detonation parameters were determined according to the Kamlet‐Jacobs equations based on calculated heats of formation (B3LYP) and measured densities. The results show that the non‐ionic precursor has a stronger electrophilic reactivity and is easier to react with NO2+. Applying a non‐ionic precursor is a very efficient method for promoting nitrating reactions.
A Facile Synthesis of Indole Derivatives by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Process Initiated from Ugi Adducts and their Antifungal Activities
Authors: Qiu Ji‐Ying , Yuan Ding , Yu Jing‐Jing , Zhang Yi , Li Wen‐Hao , Tang Zeng‐Xiang , He Ping , Ren Zhi‐Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, an efficient synthesis of indole derivatives through palladium‐catalyzed double isocyanide insertion reactions has been developed. The reaction intermediates could be readily obtained by Ugi reactions. The transformation features broad functional‐group compatibility, commercially available starting materials, and moderate to good reaction yields. Furthermore, the bioactivities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in mycelial growth tests against Penicilium digitatum and Colletotrichun gloeosporioides, and showed potential antifungal activities.