bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth in extremely preterm children born in England in 1995 and 2006: the EPICure studies
Authors: Ni Yanyan , Lancaster Rebecca , Suonpera Emmi , Bernardi Marialivia , Fahy Amanda , Larsen Jennifer , Trickett Jayne , Hurst John R , Wolke Dieter , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine growth outcomes at 11 years of age in children born <27 weeks of gestation in England in 2006 (EPICure2) and to compare growth from birth to 11 years of age for births<26 weeks with those in England in 1995 (EPICure).Methods200 EPICure2 children assessed at 11 years alongside 143 term-born controls. Growth measures from birth to 11 years were compared for births<26 weeks between EPICure2 (n=112) and EPICure (n=176). Growth parameter z-scores were derived from 1990 UK standards.ResultsAmong EPICure2 children, mean z-scores for height and weight were close to the population standards (0.08 and 0.18 SD, respectively) but significantly below those of controls: difference in mean (Δ) z-scores for weight −0.42 SD (95% CI −0.68 to –0.17), for height −0.45 SD (−0.70 to –0.20) and for head circumference (HC) −1.05 SD (−1.35 to –0.75); mean body mass index (BMI) z-score in EPICure2 children was 0.18 SD, not significantly different from controls (0.43 SD, p=0.065). Compared with EPICure, EPICure2 children born <26 weeks at 11 years had higher z-scores for weight (Δ 0.72 (0.47, 0.96)), height (Δ 0.55 (0.29, 0.81)) and BMI (Δ 0.56 (0.24, 0.87)), which were not fully explained by perinatal/demographic differences between eras. Weight catch-up was greater from term-age to 2.5/3 years in EPICure2 than in EPICure (1.25 SD vs 0.53 SD; p<0.001). Poor HC growth was observed in EPICure2, unchanged from EPICure.ConclusionsSince 1995, childhood growth in weight, height and BMI have improved for births <26 weeks of gestation, but there was no improvement in head growth.
Characteristics of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Germany: results of a 2-year prospective nationwide surveillance study
Authors: Kidszun André , Bruns Anna , Schreiner Daniel , Tippmann Susanne , Winter Julia , Pokora Roman M , Urschitz Michael S , Mildenberger Eva 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo assess incidence and burden of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and to explore possible transmission routes.MethodsA 2-year prospective nationwide surveillance study performed in 2017 and 2018. All German paediatric departments (n=464 in 2017, n=441 in 2018) were contacted on a monthly basis to report potential cases of neonatal HSV infections. Infants with a postnatal age of ≤60 days and a positive HSV PCR or HSV culture from skin, mucous membrane, vesicles or conjunctival smear, blood or cerebrospinal fluid were included in the study.Results37 cases were analysed. 29 patients who exhibited no or only mild clinical symptoms were discharged home without organ damage or neurological abnormalities. Four patients showed significant neurological impairment, one patient required liver transplantation and two patients died during in-patient treatment. The 2-year incidence of neonatal HSV infections was 2.35 per 100 000 live births (95% CI 1.69 to 3.02) and disease-specific mortality was 0.13 per 100 000 live births (95% CI 0.04 to 0.21). Data on possible transmission routes were available in 23 cases. In 20 cases, an orofacial HSV infection was present in one or more family members. An active maternal genital HSV infection was reported in 3 cases.ConclusionNeonatal HSV infections are rare in Germany. Most infants have a benign clinical course, but some infants are severely affected. Postnatal HSV exposure may account for a considerable number of neonatal HSV infections.
Titres and neutralising capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human milk: a systematic review
Authors: Low Jia Ming , Low Yue Wey , Zhong Youjia , Lee Cheuk Yiu Charlotte , Chan Ming , Ng Nicholas Beng Hui , Amin Zubair , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveSynthesise evidence on production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human milk of individuals who had COVID-19, and antibodies’ ability to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.DesignA systematic review of studies published from 1 December 2019 to 16 February 2021 without study design restrictions.SettingData were sourced from PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CNKI, CINAHL and WHO COVID-19 database. Search was also performed through reviewing references of selected articles, Google Scholar and preprint servers. Studies that tested human milk for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were included.PatientsIndividuals with COVID-19 infection and human milk tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies.Main outcome measuresThe presence of neutralising antibodies in milk samples provided by individuals with COVID-19 infection.ResultsIndividual participant data from 161 persons (14 studies) were extracted and re-pooled. Milk from 133 (82.6%) individuals demonstrated the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM and/or IgG. Illness severity data were available in 146 individuals; 5 (3.4%) had severe disease, 128 (87.7%) had mild disease, while 13 (8.9%) were asymptomatic. Presence of neutralising antibodies in milk from 20 (41.7%) of 48 individuals neutralised SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro. Neutralising capacity of antibodies was lost after Holder pasteurisation but preserved after high-pressure pasteurisation.ConclusionHuman milk of lactating individuals after COVID-19 infection contains anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM and/or IgA, even after mild or asymptomatic infection. Current evidence demonstrates that these antibodies can neutralise SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. Holder pasteurisation deactivates SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA, while high-pressure pasteurisation preserves the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA function.
Long-term trends in population-based hospitalisation rates for myocardial infarction in England: a national database study of 3.5 million admissions, 1968–2016
Authors: Wright F Lucy , Townsend Nick , Greenland Melanie , Goldacre Michael J , Smolina Kate , Lacey Ben , Nedkoff Lee 
Published: July 2021

AimTo analyse the timing and scale of temporal changes in rates of hospitalised myocardial infarction (MI) in England by age and sex from 1968 to 2016.MethodsMI admissions for adults aged 15–84 years were identified from electronic hospital data. We calculated age-standardised and age-specific rates, and examined trends using joinpoint.ResultsFrom 1968 to 2016, there were 3.5 million admissions for MI in England (68% men). Rates increased in the early years of the study in both men and women, peaked in the mid-1980s (355 per 100 000 population in men; 127 in women) and declined by 38.8% in men and 37.4% in women from 1990 to 2011. From 2012, however, modest increases were observed in both sexes. Long-term trends in rates over the study period varied by age and sex, with those aged 70 years and older having the greatest and most sustained increases in the early years (1968–1985). During subsequent years, rates decreased in most age groups until 2010–2011. The exception was younger women (35–49 years) and men (15–34 years) who experienced significant increases from the mid-1990s to 2007 (range +2.1%/year to 4.7%/year). From 2012 onwards, rates increased in all age groups except the oldest, with the most marked increases in men aged 15–34 years (7.2%/year) and women aged 40–49 (6.9%–7.3%/year) .ConclusionDespite substantial declines in hospital admission rates for MI in England since 1990, the burden of annual admissions remains high. Continued surveillance of trends and coronary disease preventive strategies are warranted.
Use of heated tobacco products where their use is prohibited
Authors: Lee Jung Ah , Lee Cheolmin , Cho Hong-Jun 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionStealth use implies using tobacco products where their use is prohibited. This paper aimed to investigate stealth use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in terms of its prevalence and associated factors.MethodsAn online survey was conducted to investigate the use of HTPs in 7000 randomly selected participants (2300 men and 4700 women, aged 20–69 years) from the database registered with an online-research company; we used a sex ratio of 1:2, considering a low female prevalence of tobacco use in Korea. Of total participants, 574 (8.2%) were current HTP users. Among them, we identified the participants who had practised HTPs stealth use, and evaluated associated factors using multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 574 participants were identified as current HTP users, and 455 (79.2%) reported stealth use of HTPs during the month before the survey. Stealth use was more frequent in dual cigarette users (HTPs and electronic cigarettes (ECs); adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52) and triple users (HTPs, ECs and combustible cigarettes; aPR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.33), as compared with single-HTP users. Stealth use was more prevalent among participants who agreed with allowing indoor HTP use (aPR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.26).ConclusionStealth use was prevalent among current HTP users, especially among the poly-users of tobacco products. Considering the positive relationship between an agreement with allowing indoor use of HTPs and stealth use, a campaign to promote change in attitudes of HTP users about their indoor use may be warranted to protect non-users.
QCD phase transition and equation of state of stellar strong interaction matter via Dyson–Schwinger equation approach
Authors: Bai Zhan , Liu Yu-xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the phase structure and phase transition of cold dense QCD matter via the Dyson–Schwinger equation approach. We take the rainbow approximation and the Gaussian-type gluon model. In order to guarantee that the quark number density begins to appear at the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition chemical potential, we propose a chemical potential dependent modification factor for the gluon model. We find that for the iso-symmetric quark matter, the modification reduces the chemical potential of the phase coexistence region of the first-order phase transition. We also implement the relativistic mean field theory to describe the hadron matter, and make use of the Maxwell and Gibbs construction method to study the phase transition of $$\beta $$
β
-equilibrium and charge neutral matter in compact stars. The results show that the phase transition will not happen in case of the Gaussian-type gluon model without any modification. The results also indicate that the upper boundary of the coexistence region should be larger than the current Nambu solution existing region. We also calculate the mass-radius relation of the compact stars, and find that the hadron-quark phase transition happens at too high chemical potential so that the maximum mass of the compact star is hardly affected by the hadron-quark phase transition.
The P-wave charmonium annihilation into two photons $$\chi _{c0, c2}\rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$ with high-order QCD corrections
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Qing , Huang Xu-Dong , Zheng Xu-Chang , Wu Xing-Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new analysis on the P-wave charmonium annihilation into two photons up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections by using the principle of maximum conformality (PMC). The conventional perturbative QCD prediction shows strong scale dependence and deviates largely from the BESIII measurements. After applying the PMC, we obtain a more precise scale-invariant pQCD prediction, which also agrees with the BESIII measurements within errors, i.e. $$R={\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }(\chi _{c2})} /{\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }(\chi _{c0})}=0.246\pm 0.013$$

R
=

Γ

γ
γ

(

χ

c
2

)

/

Γ

γ
γ

(

χ

c
0

)

=
0.246
±
0.013

, where the error is for $$\Delta \alpha _s(M_\tau )=\pm 0.016$$

Δ

α
s

(

M
τ

)

=
±
0.016

. By further considering the color-octet contributions, even the central value can be in agreement with the data. This shows the importance of a correct scale-setting approach. We also give a prediction for the ratio involving $$\chi _{b0, b2} \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$

χ

b
0
,
b
2

→
γ
γ

, which could be tested in future Belle II experiment.
Cell Line–Specific Network Models of ER+ Breast Cancer Identify Potential PI3Kα Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms and Drug Combinations
Authors: Gómez Tejeda Zañudo Jorge , Mao Pingping , Alcon Clara , Kowalski Kailey , Johnson Gabriela N. , Xu Guotai , Baselga Jose , Scaltriti Maurizio , Letai Anthony , Montero Joan , Albert Réka , Wagle Nikhil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Durable control of invasive solid tumors necessitates identifying therapeutic resistance mechanisms and effective drug combinations. In this work, we used a network-based mathematical model to identify sensitivity regulators and drug combinations for the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. The model-predicted efficacious combination of alpelisib and BH3 mimetics, for example, MCL1 inhibitors, was experimentally validated in ER+ breast cancer cell lines. Consistent with the model, FOXO3 downregulation reduced sensitivity to alpelisib, revealing a novel potential resistance mechanism. Cell line–specific sensitivity to combinations of alpelisib and BH3 mimetics depended on which BCL2 family members were highly expressed. On the basis of these results, newly developed cell line–specific network models were able to recapitulate the observed differential response to alpelisib and BH3 mimetics. This approach illustrates how network-based mathematical models can contribute to overcoming the challenge of cancer drug resistance.

Significance:
Network-based mathematical models of oncogenic signaling and experimental validation of its predictions can identify resistance mechanisms for targeted therapies, as this study demonstrates for PI3Kα-specific inhibitors in breast cancer.
Transradial Access for High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Implications of the Risk-Treatment Paradox
Authors: Amin Amit P. , Rao Sunil V. , Seto Arnold H. , Thangam Manoj , Bach Richard G. , Pancholy Samir , Gilchrist Ian C. , Kaul Prashant , Shah Binita , Cohen Mauricio G. , Gluckman Ty J. , Bortnick Anna , DeVries James T. , Kulkarni Hemant , Masoudi Frederick A. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; TRI) reduces adverse outcomes when compared with transfemoral PCI (TFI). However, TRI is also used less in high-risk patients. It remains unknown how baseline patient risk influences access-site choice among PCI operators and whether the absolute benefit of TRI is greater among patients at high risk for bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI), and death.

Methods:
We analyzed 28 005 PCIs performed in a 7-hospital system between July, 01, 2009 and April 30, 2018, to assess the choice of access-site (TRI versus TFI) as a function of baseline risk for bleeding, AKI, and death, and examined whether the association between TRI use (versus TFI) and in-hospital outcomes is influenced by baseline risk.

Results:
Among 28 005 PCIs, over a 9-year period, TRI increased over time, however, a risk-treatment paradox for TRI use was observed not only for bleeding risk, but also AKI, and mortality risks, where TRI use was lower in those at highest risk. Operator variability with TRI was large. The incidences of bleeding, AKI, and death were higher with TFI versus TRI. The absolute risk difference between TRI and TFI increased with increasing baseline risk. The number needed to treat to prevent one adverse event with TRI (versus TFI) in low-, moderate- and high-risk groups, respectively, was 259, 82, and 32 for bleeding; 194, 53, and 40 for AKI; and 957, 78, and 18 for death.

Conclusions:
This analysis of a large multicenter cohort of patients with PCI demonstrates a risk-treatment paradox for TRI use, not only for bleeding, but also for AKI and death. Despite this, a greater absolute risk difference favoring TRI was observed among patients with the highest baseline risk. Addressing the risk-treatment paradox by preferentially selecting TRI across the spectrum of risk, but especially high-risk cases, may be an important potential strategy for improving outcomes with PCI.
The Study of Time Perception in Physics Classes
Authors: Yavoruk Oleg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper describes interdisciplinary, practical work in physics classes aimed at the study of time perception. The experimental part includes the evaluation of minute intervals by a person who relies on an internal sense of time. This lab is done in pairs: the experimenter and the tested person. The paper suggests that certain topical, interdisciplinary issues – issues typically excluded from physics and psychology courses – are a means toward interaction of two radically different branches of knowledge (physics and psychology) within the educational process. Such use of interdisciplinarity increases both the students’ interest in physics and the quality of physics education. The paper also summarizes and offers for dispute some additional results (quantitative data) about types of time perception. Most students (over 250) demonstrate underestimation and overestimation of time intervals: tachychronia (“accelerated” time sense) and bradychronia (“decelerated” time sense).
How to Mound a Horse? Remembrance and Thoughts of Afterlife at Finnish Companion Animal Cemetery
Authors: Äikäs Tiina , Ikäheimo Janne , Leinonen Riitta-Marja 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of a combined archaeological and cultural anthropological study of 170 horse burials at a pet (companion animal) cemetery in Mikonkangas, Oulu, Finland. The applied methods include archaeological documentation, interviews with the horse caretakers, and visits to the site. Contrary to socially and legislatively controlled human burial grounds with organized maintenance, companion animal cemeteries with their inherent do-it-yourself character are often displays for more spontaneous expressions of grief and longing. The evidence of remembrance varies from nearly unmarked graves to elaborate memorials with headstones, epitaphs, flowers, and personal objects. The thought of a reunion in the afterlife is evident in some of the epitaphs and could also have influenced the use of crosses and angel symbols on some of the graves.
Is It Possible to Overrule a Constitutional Precedent in the Egyptian Legal System?
Authors: Chiha Islam Ibrahim , el-Shimy Abdel Hafiz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the constitutionality of the Egyptian Supreme Constitutional Court’s (hereinafter SCC) authority to overrule its prior precedents. The authors argue, contrary to the assertions of the predominant conservative approach in Egypt, that bestowing the SCC with such an overruling power neither violates the Constitution nor undermines fundamental legal principles such as the principles of equality, legal certainty, or the justified expectations of litigants. Indeed, we make the argument that the Court’s ability to overrule its prior precedents seems to be the most conceivable and plausible way to correct the Court’s past mistakes or inaccuracies. We finally claim that endowing the court with such overruling power enhances the constitutional protection of fundamental rights and freedoms and strengthens the Court’s credibility not only via other public authorities, but also via public opinion.
The Obligation to Cooperate in the Fight against Climate Change
Authors: Rudall Jason 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cooperation has a relatively long history under international law. This duty is evident in and has been developed by a variety of international instruments as well as the jurisprudence of courts and tribunals, treaty-bodies and other international institutions. This article examines cooperation as it pertains to climate governance. It appraises the current and emerging dimensions of cooperation, the relationship with other obligations, principles and concepts in this area, as well as asking which aspects of cooperation must be ameliorated to better serve the fight against climate change.
Why Don’t You Get It?
Authors: Fox Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay explores the relationship between language and mutual (mis)understanding in Candra Aditya’s short film Dewi pulang. The film follows Dewi, a young Javanese woman, as she travels from Jakarta to her natal home in Central Java to attend her father’s funeral. The tension between Dewi’s multiple and often conflicting obligations is marked by the use of language—from the colloquial Indonesian she speaks with her friends in Jakarta to a brief exchange with her English-speaking boss on the telephone and the various forms of Javanese employed ‘at home’. Drawing on examples in both Indonesian and Javanese, it is argued that the film’s use of language may be understood as a form of social commentary, reflecting critically on the complex and at times incongruous desires, expectations, and aversions at play in the lives of a growing number of young Indonesians.
Let them Come to Me: A Youth Inclusive and Missional Perspective in Presbyterian Context
Authors: Ndereba Kevin Muriithi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The contemporary context creates complexities for the young person. These include the political and socio-economic realities of African states, the cultural renaissance of Africanism and the reality of postmodernity. From both a practical theological perspective as well as experience in higher education, the author claims that ministers in the Presbyterian Church lack a missional perspective to the contemporary African (Kenyan) youth. The author proposes that theological education in Kenya must seriously consider youth ministry education. Second, Presbyterian ecclesiology must be missional minded by moving from an inward posture to a missional posture that considers the African (Kenyan) youth. This reflection will engage practical ministry and higher education experience, as well as an inter-disciplinary literature survey, to offer a missional perspective for the church and theological education.
The Manukau Salivary Symptoms Score for Assessing the Impact of Sialendoscopy in Recurrent Obstructive Sialadenitis
Authors: Hardcastle Tim , Rasul Usman , de Paiva Leite Sandro , Zheng Kevin , Donaldson Gabriella , Ahmad Zahoor , Morton Randall P. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the Manukau Salivary Symptom Score (MSSS) questionnaire as a validated tool to assess obstructive sialadenitis‐specific symptoms to both indicate disease severity and assess the outcome after sialendoscopic procedures.Study DesignA prospective observational study was performed from 2010 to 2019 comprising 164 patients undergoing sialendoscopy for nonneoplastic chronic obstructive salivary gland disease (COSGD).SettingDepartment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at the Manukau Surgical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand, between June 2010 and September 2019.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed from 2010 to 2019 comprising 164 patients undergoing sialendoscopy for nonneoplastic COSGD. Patients completed the MSSS preoperatively and at postoperative follow‐up. Statistical tests were used to compare pre‐ and postoperative answers. Cronbach’s α was used to measure internal consistency. Finally, construct validity was determined by comparing the 5‐question MSSS questionnaire to the preexisting 20‐question Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) questionnaire.ResultsPostoperatively, patients had significant improvements in pain, eating, talking, swelling, and quality of life (P <. 001). The MSSS questionnaire was found to have high internal consistency (α = 0.938). Questions in the MSSS had a very strong positive correlation with 3 COSS questions, a strong positive correlation with 8, a moderate positive correlation with 4, and a weak positive correlation with 1. Four COSS questions were not considered relevant and were not included in the MSSS questionnaire.ConclusionThe MSSS questionnaire is a simple, validated questionnaire that is useful for assessing the impact of sialendoscopy in patients with COSGD.