bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo investigation of polypharmacology of propolis extract as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and chemical properties
Authors: Abutaha Nael , AL-Zharani Mohammed , Alotaibi Amal , Cordero Mary Anne W. , Bepari Asmatanzeem , Alarifi Saud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Numerous compounds derived from natural sources such as microbes, plants, and insects have proven to be safe, efficacious, and cost-effective therapeutics for human diseases. This study examined the bioactivities of propolis, a structural sealant and antibacterial/antifungal agent produced by honey bees. Chinese propolis was extracted in methanol or hexane. Propolis significantly reduced the numbers of viable cancer cells when applied as a methanol extract (IC50 values in μg/mL for the indicated cell line: MDA-MB-231, 74.12; LoVo, 74.12; HepG2, 77.74; MCF7, 95.10; A549, 114.84) or a hexane extract (MDA-MB-231, 52.11; LoVo, 45.9; HepG2, 52.11; MCF7, 78.01; A549, 67.90). Hexane extract also induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells according to activated caspase-3/7 expression assays (17.6 ± 2.9% at 150 μg/mL and 89.2 ± 1.9% at 300 μg/mL vs 3.4 ± 0.4% in vehicle control), suppressed the growth of Candida albicans and multiple multidrug-resistant and nonresistant Gram-positive bacteria, and inhibited croton oil-induced skin inflammation when applied as topical treatment. GC-MS identified hexadecanoic acid methyl ester as a major constituent (33.6%). Propolis hexane extract has potential anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Development and validation of a risk score model for prediction of lower extremity arterial disease in Chinese with type 2 diabetes aged over 50 years
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Xu Zhangrong , Ran Xingwu , Ji Linong 
Published: August 2021

Background
Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is highly prevalent in people with diabetes in China, but half of cases are underdiagnosed due to diversities of clinical presentations and complexities of diagnosis approaches. The purpose of this study was to develop a risk score model for LEAD to facilitate early screening among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.

Methods
A total of 8313 participants with T2DM from the China DIA-LEAD study, a multicenter, cross-sectional epidemiological study, were selected as the training dataset to develop a risk score model for LEAD by logistic regression. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and bootstrapping were utilized for internal validation. A dataset of 287 participants consecutively enrolled from a teaching hospital between July 2017 and November 2017 was used as external validation for the risk score model.

Results
A total of 931 (11.2%) participants were diagnosed as LEAD in the training dataset. Factors including age, current smoking, duration of diabetes, blood pressure control, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and coexistence of cardio and/or cerebrovascular disease correlated with LEAD in logistic regression analysis and resulted in a weighed risk score model of 0–13. A score of ≥5 was found to be the optimal cut-off for discriminating moderate–high risk participants with AUC of 0.786 (95% CI: 0.778–0.795). The bootstrapping validation showed that the AUC was 0.784. Similar performance of the risk score model was observed in the validation dataset with AUC of 0.731 (95% CI: 0.651–0.811). The prevalence of LEAD was 3.4, 12.1, and 27.6% in the low risk (total score 0–4), moderate risk (total score 5–8), and high risk (total score 9–13) groups of LEAD in the training dataset, respectively, which were 4.3, 19.6, and 30.2% in the validation dataset.

Conclusion
The weighed risk score model for LEAD could reliably discriminate the presence of LEAD in Chinese with T2DM aged over 50 years, which may be helpful for a precise risk assessment and early diagnosis of LEAD.
On the Graphemic Alternance 〈E〉 ∼ 〈I〉 and 〈O〉 ∼ 〈U〉 in Latin Papyri and Ostraca: Some New Remarks
Authors: Barchi Serena 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper intends to provide some data about the occurrence of 〈e〉 and 〈o〉 for Classical Latin (= CL) /1/ and /ŭ/ in Latin papyri and ostraca. In order to carry out a study of the incidence of some grapho-phonological phenomena within documentary texts and to examine to what extent they could be related with parameters of sociolinguistic variation, the examined texts have been collected in a corpus which has been tagged for both linguistic and extralinguistic aspects. This corpus is available in the Data-base CLaSSES (http://classes-latin-linguistics.fileli.unipi.it), created at the FILELI Department of the Uni-versity of Pisa (§ 1). The study will focus in particular on the analysis of this graphemic alternance in the Bu Njem ostraca (§ 2.1); then, it will dwell on the qualitative analysis of three lexemes in Egyptian papyri and ostraca in which a proto-Romance merger between /ĭ/ and /ē/ in /e/ and /ŭ/ and /ō/ in /o/ in tonic posi-tion might be documented. Particular attention is paid to interference phenomena with Greek (§ 2.2).
Embodied Religious Belief: The Experience of Syahadatain Sufi Order in Indonesia
Authors: Mahatma Masmuni , Saari Zarrina 
Published: August 2021

Several types of research on religion in Indonesia emphasise more on religious knowledge and belief and less on other approaches such as material aspects. Religion is always related to material aspects such as mosque buildings, veils or robes for prayer, or holy water obtained from grave visitors. This study uses embodiment approach and material theory of religion to the imposition of special fashion in prayer that gives consequences on awareness and attitude of a new morality in-group cohesion. This study is a case study through participatory observations and interviews of new members of Syahadatain congregation, Cirebon, Indonesia for three years. The result of the study shows two significant findings namely first, the establishment of rituals through special fashions exerts an influence on discursive awareness and moral behaviour; and second, the driving factor of the emergence of new moral behaviour from the practice is the social gaze. This study recommends the need for the study of material artifacts such as clothing can be an alternative to the study of religion in Indonesia using the embodiment approach.
Analgesic Effect of Auricular Point Acupressure for Acute Pain in Patients with Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chai Xiao-Min , Shi Hong-Yan , Zhang Jun-Jun , Wang Lei , Gao Hai-Xaing , Dai Ya-Liang , Gao Lu-Lu , Yu Jian-Qiang , Wang Carol , Li Yu-Xiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Common and frequent as acute pain is, it is often underestimated and undertreated in older people with dementia in nursing homes and inadequate pain management remains an issue. Methods: The study is designed to be a randomized, sham-controlled trial and is underway in nursing homes located in China. A total of 206 dementia patients are being recruited from nursing homes in Yinchuan, China. They are randomly allocated to an intervention or a controlled group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will be treated with true APP therapy, while the other group will receive APP at sham points stimulation therapy. The patients will be assessed at baseline (T0), at 5 min during performing the intervention (T1) and at 5 min after completion of the intervention (T2). The primary outcome is the level pain relief at T1, and T2. Physiological parameters, side effects and additional use of analgesics during the procedure, satisfaction from caregivers, acceptance of patients are evaluated as secondary outcomes. Discussion: The results of this study are expected to verify the analgesic effect of APP for acute pain in patients with mild dementia in nursing homes. It has the potential to prompt APP therapy to be implemented widely in dementia patients with acute pain in nursing homes. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100047932. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid= 128647&htm=4. Registered on June 27, 2021. Currently, patients recruitment is ongoing. Recruitment is expected to take place from December 2020 to December 2021.
Psychological Distress and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Women with Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose Globally, breast cancer is commonly found among women, and Sweden has the largest number of new cases diagnosed. Treatment leads to increased survival of patients, but they are at risk to experience psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study investigated relationship between psychological distress and HRQoL, and related factors among women with breast cancer in Sweden.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sweden. A total of 481 women with breast cancer from a list of a regional cancer centre answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic factors, social support, psychological distress and HRQoL. Data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyzes. Results Psychological distress was related to HRQoL in terms of body image, future perspective, side effects of systemic therapy, breast symptoms, arm symptoms, and hair loss. Lower age was likely to increase symptoms of anxiety, and undergone breast reconstruction was likely to increase symptoms of depression. Breast reconstruction and chemotherapy worsened body image, low support from partner decreased sexual functioning and enjoyment, and low support from physicians and nurses worsened future perspective, side effects of systemic therapy, breast symptoms and indignation about hair loss.Conclusions Psychological distress were correlated with the HRQoL. Increased support from physicians, nurses, and partner may increase the HRQoL among women with breast cancer. Treatments of women with breast cancer, such as breast reconstruction and chemotherapy were factors that decreased the psychological distress and increased the HRQoL.
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on the Origins of Groundwater Salinization in Çarşamba Coastal Aquifer (North Turkey)
Authors: HASSAN Abdourazakou MAMAN , Ersoy Arzu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the origins of salinization and the main hydrogeochemical process that controls the chemistry of Çarşamba coastal aquifer in Turkey. Therefore, a total of 33 groundwater samples and three seawater samples were analyzed in the coastal region of Çarşamba Plain in July 2019 and for these samples’ physical parameters, major ions and environmental isotopes (δ18O, δ2H and 3H) values were determined. Piper, Chadha, Gibbs diagrams and Stuyfzand Classification Systems were used to determine the origins of salinization and the key hydrogeochemical process controlling the groundwater chemistry. According to Stuyfzand classification system, the study showed that the freshwater and fresh-brackish water main types are the most widespread in the study area. Six water subtypes were observed in the study area that include CaHCO3, CaMix, NaMix, NaCl, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3. In addition, the subtypes CaMix indicated the locations of the transition zone, where the groundwater rich in Ca and HCO3 and gradually enriched in Na changes from CaMix with HCO3 as dominant anion to eventually CaCl and NaCl subtypes. Furthermore, the subtypes NaMix, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3 showed the locations of the transition zone where the flushing of the saline aquifer by freshwater takes place. All groundwater samples from study area had a positive cation exchange code and show that four hydrogeochemical facies composed of CaHCO3; Ca-Mg-Cl and NaCl and NaHCO3. Besides, groundwater samples have been influenced by two main mechanisms: the water-rock interaction and evaporation-crystallization. According to δ18O, δ2H and 3H analysis, the water samples have meteoric origin, shallow circulation, and a short residence time.
Evaluation of Four-Hand Reduction for Obturator Hernia with The Guidance of Sonography (FROGS) as a New Treatment Strategy for Obturator Hernia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Togawa Yuki , Kamihata Kyohei , Nagahisa Yoshio , Kawamoto Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Obturator hernias are uncommon but are important causes of intestinal obstruction. Delayed treatment can be fatal. Emergency surgery is considered the most effective treatment; however, patients with obturator hernia usually have comorbidities, and this precludes them from emergency surgery. Previously, a few case studies reported successful manual reductions for an incarcerated obturator hernia. However, their efficacy was not statistically confirmed. We have devised a new manual reduction method for an incarcerated obturator hernia based on previous studies. We have named this method “Four-hand Reduction for Obturator hernia with the Guidance of Sonography” (FROGS). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FROGS as a new treatment strategy for obturator hernia.
Methods
Since November 2019, we have tried FROGS in all patients with obturator hernia at the emergency room. We retrospectively compared the clinical data of 14 patients who underwent FROGS (after-FROGS group) with those of 23 patients who did not (before-FROGS group).
Results
All patients were females. There were no significant differences in age, lesion side, duration of symptoms, the diameter of the prolapsed bowel, and predisposing factors. The body mass index was significantly lower in the after-FROGS group than in the before-FROGS group. Manual reduction was successfully performed in all 14 patients in the FROGS group, whereas in the before-FROGS group, 14 patients underwent manual reduction, of whom only one was successfully treated using the non-FROGS method. Bowel resection was avoided in all 14 patients in the after-FROGS group, whereas 8 patients underwent bowel resection in the before-FROGS group. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications and mortality within 30 days after hernia presentation between the two groups.
Conclusion
Manual reduction using the FROGS technique was found to be safe and reproducible and can be the first treatment choice for patients with obturator hernia.
Assessment of Black Carbon Exposure Level And Health Economic Loss In China
Authors: Hou Qing , An Xingqin , Sun Zhaobin , zhang Chao , Liang Ke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on GIS (Geographic Information System) software, applied the black carbon (BC)and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)concentration ratio method, this paper analyzed and calculated the national BC concentration distribution from 2015 to 2017, and evaluated the national human exposure of BC. The results show that from 2015 to 2017, 2/3 of the national land and nearly half of the population were exposed to the concentration range of 1-3 ug/m3, and the area and population exposed to the concentration below 2 ug/m3 increased year by year, while the area and population exposed to the concentration above 9 ug/m3 decreased year by year. The estimated results of economic loss show that 77.3% of the targeted districts or counties claimed a loss per square kilometer of 50 million RMB or less From the perspective of annual changes, districts and counties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Hunan with annual losses between 50 and 500 million RMB show an increasing trend. Meanwhile, the BC ratio (the proportion of black carbon economic loss to GDP) of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Hunan also shows an increasing trend year by year.
Detecting Dengue Fever In Children Using A Combined Scheme Compared With Individual Algorithms: An APP Development And Usability Study
Authors: Chow Julie Chi , Chien Tsair-Wei , Wang Lin-Yen , Chou Willy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important public health issue in Asia. However, the disease is extremely hard to detect using traditional dichotomous (i.e., absent vs. present) evaluations of symptoms. Convolution neural network (CNN) and artificial neural networks(ANN) can improve prediction accuracy on account of its usage of a large number of parameters for modeling. A hypothesis using a combined scheme of algorithms, including convolutional neural networks(CNN), artificial neural networks(ANN), K-nearest Neighbors Algorithm(KNN), and logis-tical regression(LR), was made to improve the prediction DF accuracy for children. Methods: We extracted 19 feature variables of DF-related symptoms from 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF). A 11-variables were eligible by observing the statistical significance in predicting DF risk. The prediction accuracy was based on two training (80%) and testing (20%) sets on model accuracy of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) greater than 0.80 and 0.70, respectively, for discriminating DF+ and DF− in the two sets. Two scenarios of the combined scheme and individual algorithms were compared using the training set to predict the testing set. Results: We observed that (i) k-nearest neighbors algorithm has poorer AUC(<0.50), (ii)LR has relatively higher AUC(=0.70), and (ii) the three alternatives have almost equal AUC(=0.68), but smaller than the individual algorithms of NaiveBayes, Logistic regression in raw data and NaiveBayes in normalized data. Conclusion: An LR-based APP was designed to detect DF in children. The 11-item model is suggested to develop the APP for helping patients, family members, and clinicians discriminate DF from other febrile illnesses at an early stage.
Quantity and Quality of Healthcare Professionals, Transfer Delay and In-Hospital Mortality Among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Study of 89 Emergency Medical Stations in China
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Tian Wenya , Wu Rengyu , Qin Chongzhen , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhang Haiyan , Zhou Shuduo , Li Siwen , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Transfer delay provokes prolongation of prehospital time, which contributes to treatment delay that endangers patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A key constraint in reducing transfer delay is the shortage of emergency healthcare workers. This study was to explore the influence of the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations on transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted at 89 emergency stations in 9 districts in China’s Shenzhen province. Based on a sample of 31 hospitals, 1255 healthcare professionals, and 3131 patients with STEMI, a generalized linear model was used to explore the associations between the quality and quantity of healthcare professionals and transfer delay and in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed to explore the reasons for the lack of qualified healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations.
Results
The analysis of the quantity of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 5.087 min (95% CI − 6.722, − 3.452; P < 0.001). An increase of one nurse per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 1.471 min (95% CI − 2.943, 0.002; P = 0.050). Analysis of the quality of healthcare professionals showed that an increase of one physician with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay for patients with STEMI by 8.508 min (95% CI − 10.457, − 6.558; P < 0.001). An increase of one nurse with an undergraduate degree per 100,000 individuals was associated with decreased transfer delay by 6.645 min (95% CI − 8.218, − 5.072; P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis illustrated that the main reasons for low satisfaction of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations included low income, limited promotion opportunities, and poor working environment.
Conclusions
The quantity and quality of emergency healthcare professionals are key factors influencing transfer delay in STEMI patients. The government should increase the quantity of healthcare professionals at emergency medical stations, strengthen the training, and improve their performance by linking with clinical pathways to enhance job enthusiasm among emergency healthcare professionals.
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Asymptomatic Thromboembolism in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Peifen , Qi Hongli , Huang Huimin , Gao Xingle , Wu Lingling , Lai Jianbo , Hu Shaohua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe, life-threatening physical condition. However, the risk of developing VTE in patients with mental disorders has been insufficiently recognized.Methods: In this descriptive study, we retrospectively screened the hospital electronic medical record system and identified the asymptomatic VTE condition in hospitalized patients in the Mental Health Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to January 2021. The diagnosis of VTE was made based on elevated plasma D-dimer levels and positive imaging findings, including arteriovenous color doppler ultrasonograpny of lower limbs and computed tomography angiography of pulmonary artery. For patients included, demographic and clinical profiles, and findings of laboratory and imaging examinations were collected. The anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes of these patients were also recorded.Results: A total of 8093 hospitalized patients were screened and eventually 24 psychiatric patients with asymptomatic VTE were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients was 65.75±8.69 years old, with 20 patients (83.3%) older than 60 years. 18 (75%) patients were female and 6 (25%) were male. The number of patients with a history of smoking and previous pharmacotherapy was 3 and 19, respectively. And the average BMI of all subjects was 22.85±3.97, which was within the normal values. The average course of psychiatric disorders prior to the hospitalization was 9.15±10.38 years, the mean hospital stays were 23.17±9.14 days and the shortest hospital stay was 10 days. The average plasma levels of D-dimer before anticoagulant therapy was 4060.00±2824.88 ug/L FEU with a range of 920~10700 ug/L FEU (the normal range: 0~700 ug/L FEU). Following anticoagulant therapy, 83.3% (n=20) patients had a significant reduction in the plasma levels of D-dimer and the average reduced to 1678.25 ±1970.16 ug/L FEU, with a minimum level of 160 ug/L FEU. The plasma D-dimer levels between before and after anticoagulant treatment was significantly different (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Our data suggest the necessity screening the asymptomatic VTE among psychiatric patients, especially in those with advanced age, long duration of illness, and female with a long history of psychotropic treatment and high plasma levels of D-dimer. Once the diagnosis of asymptomatic VTE is confirmed, antithrombotic therapy should be initiated as early as possible to avoid fatal consequences.