bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Gensini Score and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Deger Mutlu , Ozmen Caglar , Akdogan Nebil , Tepe Omer , Yucel Sevinc Puren , Izol Volkan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In previous studies, the relationship between atherosclerosis and erectile dysfunction (ED) was examined, but the relationship and correlation between Gensini score which evaluates the extent and severity of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and ED severity were not investigated.

Aim
To evaluate the relationship between Gensini score and ED in patients with CCS.

Methods
We included 142 consecutive male patients with the diagnosed CCS and underwent an elective coronary angiography between January 2019 and March 2020.

Main Outcome Measure
Correlation analysis demonstrated that Gensini score significantly negatively correlated with the International Index Erectile Function - 5 (IIEF-5) score (r = -0.417, P &lt; .001).

Results
Severe ED was present in 48 (33.8%) patients, moderate ED in 31 (21.8%) patients, and mild ED in 22 (15.5%) patients. 41(28.9%) patients did not have ED. Both the No ED and Mild ED groups were statistically significantly lower than the Severe ED group in terms of the Gensini score (P &lt; .05). When the recommended optimal cut-off point and accuracy measurements were made for the Gensini score, the area under curve (AUC) value in predicting ED was 0.806 (95% CI: 0.732-0.880, P &lt; .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that independent predictors for ED were Gensini score and age (P &lt; .001, and P = .026, respectively). Every 1 unit increase in Gensini score resulted in a 6% increase in the occurrence of ED (OR = 1.06, CI:1.03-1.10, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
ED can be caused by endothelial dysfunction. Patients with severe CSS and high Gensini score should be evaluted for ED. ED may be a sign of severe CCS and a high Gensini score. It is also necessary to evaluate cardiological in patients with ED.
Constraining the Impact of Dust‐Driven Droplet Freezing on Climate Using Cloud‐Top‐Phase Observations
Authors: Villanueva Diego , Neubauer David , Gasparini Blaž , Ickes Luisa , Tegen Ina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite advances in our understanding of ice‐nucleating particles, the effect of cloud glaciation on the Earth's radiation balance has remained poorly constrained. Particularly, dust ice nuclei are believed to enhance cloud glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere. We used satellite observations of the hemispheric and seasonal contrast in cloud top phase to assess the dust‐driven droplet freezing in a climate model. The required freezing efficiency for dust ice nuclei suggests that climate models glaciate too few clouds through immersion droplet freezing. After tuning, the model leads to more realistic cloud‐top‐phase contrasts and a dust‐driven glaciation effect of 0.14 ± 0.13 W m−2 between 30°N and 60°N. Observations of cloud‐top‐phase contrasts provide a strong constraint for ice formation in mixed‐phase clouds and may provide a weak constraint for the associated impact on radiation and precipitation. Future studies should therefore consider both the mean‐state cloud‐phase partitioning and cloud‐phase contrasts to achieve a more accurate simulation of dust‐driven cloud glaciation.
Deep Learning Can Predict Laboratory Quakes From Active Source Seismic Data
Authors: Shokouhi Parisa , Girkar Vrushali , Rivière Jacques , Shreedharan Srisharan , Marone Chris , Giles C. Lee , Kifer Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall changes in seismic wave properties foretell frictional failure in laboratory experiments and in some cases on seismic faults. Such precursors include systematic changes in wave velocity and amplitude throughout the seismic cycle. However, the relationships between wave features and shear stress are complex. Here, we use data from lab friction experiments that include continuous measurement of elastic waves traversing the fault and build data‐driven models to learn these complex relations. We demonstrate that deep learning models accurately predict the timing and size of laboratory earthquakes based on wave features. Additionally, the transportability of models is explored by using data from different experiments. Our deep learning models transfer well to unseen datasets providing high‐fidelity models with much less training. These prediction methods can be potentially applied in the field for earthquake early warning in conjunction with long‐term time‐lapse seismic monitoring of crustal faults, CO2 storage sites and unconventional energy reservoirs.
Evidence and Inferred Mechanism of Collisions of Downward Stepped‐Leader Branches in Negative Lightning
Authors: Ding Z. , Rakov V. A. , Zhu Y. , Tran M. D. , Kostinskiy A. Y. , Kereszy I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing visible‐range and infrared (3–5 µm) high‐speed video cameras, we observed collisions of adjacent branches in downward negative stepped leaders. Typically, a lagging (chasing) branch (CB) approached a leading branch (LB) from aside at about 90° angle and connected to the lateral surface of the LB within some tens of meters or less of its tip. We infer that collisions can be facilitated by the attracting force of upward moving positive‐charge wave associated with stepping at the leading branch tip. Outcomes of branch collisions differ. The chasing branch may be absorbed by the LB, rebound, or temporarily bridge two branches. It appears that a heavily branched negative stepped leader creates a highly structured and rapidly changing electric field pattern inside the volume it occupies. We observed abrupt changes in the direction of branch extension, suggesting that the direction of local electric field can differ significantly from the ambient.
The STING1 network regulates autophagy and cell death
Authors: Zhang Ruoxi , Kang Rui , Tang Daolin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCell death and immune response are at the core of life. In past decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein STING1 (also known as STING or TMEM173) was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to DNA derived from invading microbial pathogens or damaged hosts by activating multiple transcription factors. In addition to this well-known function in infection, inflammation, and immunity, emerging evidence suggests that the STING1-dependent signaling network is implicated in health and disease by regulating autophagic degradation or various cell death modalities (e.g., apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic cell death, and immunogenic cell death [ICD]). Here, we outline the latest advances in our understanding of the regulating mechanisms and signaling pathways of STING1 in autophagy and cell death, which may shed light on new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Recovery of human gut microbiota genomes with third-generation sequencing
Authors: Li Yanfei , Jin Yueling , Zhang Jianming , Pan Haoying , Wu Lan , Liu Dingsheng , Liu Jinlong , Hu Jing , Shen Junwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman gut microbiota modulates normal physiological functions, such as maintenance of barrier homeostasis and modulation of metabolism, as well as various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer. Despite decades of research, the composition of the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. Here, we established an effective extraction method to obtain high quality gut microbiota genomes, and analyzed them with third-generation sequencing technology. We acquired a large quantity of data from each sample and assembled large numbers of reliable contigs. With this approach, we constructed tens of completed bacterial genomes in which there were several new bacteria species. We also identified a new conditional pathogen, Enterococcus tongjius, which is a member of Enterococci. This work provided a novel and reliable approach to recover gut microbiota genomes, facilitating the discovery of new bacteria species and furthering our understanding of the microbiome that underlies human health and diseases.
Highly selective and robust single-atom catalyst Ru1/NC for reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones
Authors: Qi Haifeng , Yang Ji , Liu Fei , Zhang LeiLei , Yang Jingyi , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Lin , Su Yang , Liu Yuefeng , Hao Rui , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to the well-defined active site structure and the maximized metal atom utilization. Nevertheless, the robustness of SACs remains a critical concern for practical applications. Herein, we report a highly active, selective and robust Ru SAC which was synthesized by pyrolysis of ruthenium acetylacetonate and N/C precursors at 900 °C in N2 followed by treatment at 800 °C in NH3. The resultant Ru1-N3 structure exhibits moderate capability for hydrogen activation even in excess NH3, which enables the effective modulation between transimination and hydrogenation activity in the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones towards primary amines. As a consequence, it shows superior amine productivity, unrivalled resistance against CO and sulfur, and unexpectedly high stability under harsh hydrotreating conditions compared to most SACs and nanocatalysts. This SAC strategy will open an avenue towards the rational design of highly selective and robust catalysts for other demanding transformations.
Outcome after acute ischemic stroke is linked to sex-specific lesion patterns
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Schirmer Markus D. , Bretzner Martin , Hong Sungmin , Regenhardt Robert W. , Brudfors Mikael , Donahue Kathleen L. , Nardin Marco J. , Dalca Adrian V. , Giese Anne-Katrin , Etherton Mark R. , Hancock Brandon L. , Mocking Steven J. T. , McIntosh Elissa C. , Attia John , Benavente Oscar R. , Bevan Stephen , Cole John W. , Donatti Amanda , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Heitsch Laura , Holmegaard Lukas , Jood Katarina , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Kittner Steven J. , Lemmens Robin , Levi Christopher R. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Meschia James F. , Phuah Chia-Ling , Rolfs Arndt , Ropele Stefan , Rosand Jonathan , Roquer Jaume , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Schmidt Reinhold , Sharma Pankaj , Slowik Agnieszka , Söderholm Martin , Sousa Alessandro , Stanne Tara M. , Strbian Daniel , Tatlisumak Turgut , Thijs Vincent , Vagal Achala , Wasselius Johan , Woo Daniel , Zand Ramin , McArdle Patrick F. , Worrall Bradford B. , Jern Christina , Lindgren Arne G. , Maguire Jane , Bzdok Danilo , Wu Ona ,   MRI-GENIE and GISCOME Investigators and the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, Rost Natalia S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke affects men and women differently. In particular, women are often reported to experience higher acute stroke severity than men. We derived a low-dimensional representation of anatomical stroke lesions and designed a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework tailored to estimate possible sex differences in lesion patterns linked to acute stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale). This framework was developed in 555 patients (38% female). Findings were validated in an independent cohort (n = 503, 41% female). Here, we show brain lesions in regions subserving motor and language functions help explain stroke severity in both men and women, however more widespread lesion patterns are relevant in female patients. Higher stroke severity in women, but not men, is associated with left hemisphere lesions in the vicinity of the posterior circulation. Our results suggest there are sex-specific functional cerebral asymmetries that may be important for future investigations of sex-stratified approaches to management of acute ischemic stroke.
NEK9 regulates primary cilia formation by acting as a selective autophagy adaptor for MYH9/myosin IIA
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Chino Haruka , Tsukamoto Satoshi , Ode Koji L. , Ueda Hiroki R. , Mizushima Noboru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutophagy regulates primary cilia formation, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we identify NIMA-related kinase 9 (NEK9) as a GABARAPs-interacting protein and find that NEK9 and its LC3-interacting region (LIR) are required for primary cilia formation. Mutation in the LIR of NEK9 in mice also impairs in vivo cilia formation in the kidneys. Mechanistically, NEK9 interacts with MYH9 (also known as myosin IIA), which has been implicated in inhibiting ciliogenesis through stabilization of the actin network. MYH9 accumulates in NEK9 LIR mutant cells and mice, and depletion of MYH9 restores ciliogenesis in NEK9 LIR mutant cells. These results suggest that NEK9 regulates ciliogenesis by acting as an autophagy adaptor for MYH9. Given that the LIR in NEK9 is conserved only in land vertebrates, the acquisition of the autophagic regulation of the NEK9–MYH9 axis in ciliogenesis may have possible adaptive implications for terrestrial life.
Construction of a mammalian embryo model from stem cells organized by a morphogen signalling centre
Authors: Xu Peng-Fei , Borges Ricardo Moraes , Fillatre Jonathan , de Oliveira-Melo Maraysa , Cheng Tao , Thisse Bernard , Thisse Christine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenerating properly differentiated embryonic structures in vitro from pluripotent stem cells remains a challenge. Here we show that instruction of aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells with an experimentally engineered morphogen signalling centre, that functions as an organizer, results in the development of embryo-like entities (embryoids). In situ hybridization, immunolabelling, cell tracking and transcriptomic analyses show that these embryoids form the three germ layers through a gastrulation process and that they exhibit a wide range of developmental structures, highly similar to neurula-stage mouse embryos. Embryoids are organized around an axial chordamesoderm, with a dorsal neural plate that displays histological properties similar to the murine embryo neuroepithelium and that folds into a neural tube patterned antero-posteriorly from the posterior midbrain to the tip of the tail. Lateral to the chordamesoderm, embryoids display somitic and intermediate mesoderm, with beating cardiac tissue anteriorly and formation of a vasculature network. Ventrally, embryoids differentiate a primitive gut tube, which is patterned both antero-posteriorly and dorso-ventrally. Altogether, embryoids provide an in vitro model of mammalian embryo that displays extensive development of germ layer derivatives and that promises to be a powerful tool for in vitro studies and disease modelling.
Counterfactual ghost imaging
Authors: Hance Jonte R. , Rarity John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe give a protocol for ghost imaging in a way that is always counterfactual—while imaging an object, no light interacts with that object. This extends the idea of counterfactuality beyond communication, showing how this interesting phenomenon can be leveraged for metrology. Given, in the infinite limit, no photons ever go to the imaged object, it presents a method of imaging even the most light-sensitive of objects without damaging them. Even when not in the infinite limit, it still provides a many-fold improvement in visibility and signal-to-noise ratio over previous protocols, with over an order of magnitude reduction in absorbed intensity.
Avoiding coherent errors with rotated concatenated stabilizer codes
Authors: Ouyang Yingkai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoherent errors, which arise from collective couplings, are a dominant form of noise in many realistic quantum systems, and are more damaging than oft considered stochastic errors. Here, we propose integrating stabilizer codes with constant-excitation codes by code concatenation. Namely, by concatenating an [[n, k, d]] stabilizer outer code with dual-rail inner codes, we obtain a [[2n, k, d]] constant-excitation code immune from coherent phase errors and also equivalent to a Pauli-rotated stabilizer code. When the stabilizer outer code is fault-tolerant, the constant-excitation code has a positive fault-tolerant threshold against stochastic errors. Setting the outer code as a four-qubit amplitude damping code yields an eight-qubit constant-excitation code that corrects a single amplitude damping error, and we analyze this code’s potential as a quantum memory.
Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima
Authors: Petrone-Garcia Victor M. , Lopez-Arellano Raquel , Patiño Gabriela Rodríguez , Rodríguez Miriam Aide Castillo , Hernandez-Patlan Daniel , Solis-Cruz Bruno , Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl , Alba-Hurtado Fernando , Vuong Christine N. , Castellanos-Huerta Inkar , Tellez-Isaias Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.
Phase-space studies of backscattering diffraction of defective Schrödinger cat states
Authors: Kołaczek Damian , Spisak Bartłomiej J. , Wołoszyn Maciej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coherent superposition of two well separated Gaussian wavepackets, with defects caused by their imperfect preparation, is considered within the phase-space approach based on the Wigner distribution function. This generic state is called the defective Schrödinger cat state due to this imperfection which significantly modifies the interference term. Propagation of this state in the phase space is described by the Moyal equation which is solved for the case of a dispersive medium with a Gaussian barrier in the above-barrier reflection regime. Formally, this regime constitutes conditions for backscattering diffraction phenomena. Dynamical quantumness and the degree of localization in the phase space of the considered state as a function of its imperfection are the subject of the performed analysis. The obtained results allow concluding that backscattering communication based on the defective Schrödinger cat states appears to be feasible with existing experimental capabilities.
Mood and emotional reactivity of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: short-term and long-term effects and the impact of social and socioeconomic stressors
Authors: Green Kayla H. , van de Groep Suzanne , Sweijen Sophie W. , Becht Andrik I. , Buijzen Moniek , de Leeuw Rebecca N. H. , Remmerswaal Danielle , van der Zanden Rianne , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdolescence is a formative period for socio-emotional development which is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current longitudinal study examined two aims: (1) the short- and long-term effects of the pandemic on young people’s mood (i.e. vigor, tension, and depression levels) and emotional reactivity (i.e. fluctuations in daily mood), and (2) the impact of stressors on mood, emotional reactivity, self-oriented (i.e. maladaptive behavior towards COVID-19 rules) and other-benefitting behaviors (i.e. behavior aimed at helping and comforting others). We conducted an online two-week daily diary study among 462 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 15.27 years, 64% females) and 371 young adults (Mage = 21.49 years, 81% females) in May 2020, with a follow-up in November 2020 (N = 238 and 231, respectively adolescents and young adults). In May 2020, young adults and older relative to younger adolescents showed higher levels and more fluctuations in tension and depression and lower levels of vigor. Vigor levels decreased and tension and depression levels increased between May 2020 and November 2020, especially for younger adolescents. There were positive associations between instability of negative emotions (i.e. tension and depression fluctuations) and the exposure to stressors (i.e. family stress and inequality of online homeschooling) in the adolescent sample. Together, this study demonstrates vulnerability regarding young people’s mood and emotional reactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for adolescents who experience more stressors.
Excellent color rendering index single system white light emitting carbon dots for next generation lighting devices
Authors: Perikala Manasa , Bhardwaj Asha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, quantum dots (QDs) are finding enormous application in white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) and WLEDs with high color rendition are in high demand. QD-WLEDs use different color (Red, Blue, Green) emitting QDs to obtain white light. Use of different color emitting QDs affect purity of white light due to self-absorption losses and QD degradation, in the long run affecting color rendering index (CRI) of WLEDs. Herein, we report low cost, environment friendly, open air atmosphere synthesis of single system white light emitting carbon dots (CDs) with broad emission bandwidth ranging 116 –143 nm and quantum yields (QY) ~ 5 – 13 % in colloidal state by modifying CD surface. Furthermore, carbon dot polymer phosphor (CD-PDMS phosphor) is fabricated which emits white light under UV illumination with a record emission bandwidth of ~ 154 nm and QY ~ 16 % in solid state. Moreover, CD-PDMS phosphor exhibit excellent color rendering index (CRI) ~ 96, the highest reported so far with CIE co-ordinates (0.31, 0.33) that are quite akin to pure white light. Such high performances are achieved due to high quality of CDs and CD-PDMS polymer phosphors by precise control in passivation/functionalization of nanoparticle surface. This work will set platform for the application of CD-phosphor based WLEDs in lighting systems.