bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaving care in Norway in a historic and current perspective: As a function of the Nordic welfare model
Authors: Storø Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCare leavers need support in the transition to adulthood. Care leavers in Norway benefit from the universalistic and somewhat generous Nordic welfare model. However, this model is constructed to meet general needs identified in the whole population. More specific needs in smaller groups may not be so well planned for. The article discusses this dilemma in the light of two previously published articles by the author and two co‐authors, where the topics are the history of leaving care support in Norway and how the Nordic welfare model may represent a problematic frame for leaving care support. The ‘parental functions’ of child welfare and social services are discussed and so is the connection between the welfare model's ability to cover up for the needs of the many versus the few and vulnerable.
COVID‐19 and Canadian farmland markets in 2020
Authors: Lawley Chad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly evidence suggests that Canadian farmland values increased in 2020. Farming returns were not negatively impacted by COVID‐19 and it appears as though farming returns will be strong into 2021. Low interest rates in 2020 contributed to substantial farmland value increases in the last half of 2020. There is some evidence that the development component of farmland values increased in 2020. The future consequences of COVID‐19 on farmland values are unclear. Some economists suggest that future inflationary risks have increased. A return to inflation rates comparable to those experienced in the 1970s is unlikely, but if increased inflation does materialize it will put upward pressure on farmland values, while increases in nominal and real interest rates will push farmland values down.
Effects of self‐control, drug‐use peers and family attachment on drug use among Chinese users: A gender‐specific analysis
Authors: Zhang Serena Yunran , Demant Jakob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing trend of synthetic drug use has been a significant concern in China. The current research adopted a gendered perspective to examine the effects of self‐control, drug‐use peers and family attachment on drug use frequency in China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey research recruited 785 people who used drugs from four compulsory drug rehabilitation institutions in Guangdong and Shandong Province of China in 2018. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted to examine the gendered effects of self‐control (Grasmick et al.'s cognitive scale), drug‐use peers and family attachment on drug use frequency.ResultsLow self‐control was neither a significant nor gendered predictor of drug use frequency when controlling for effects of drug‐use peers and family attachment. Drug‐use peers strongly increased participants' drug use frequency, regardless of gender. However, an important finding is that for males, support from families reduced drug use frequency but conversely meeting and contact with families increased drug use frequency. For females, only trust in families prevented their further involvement in drug use.Discussion and ConclusionsLow self‐control may not be a core explanatory factor for drug use behaviours in China. Thus, treatment programs should focus more on skills building than self‐control. Future programs could focus more on reducing association with their drug‐use peers and further explore the complex relationships with their families. Gender should be considered in treatment options.
Im Zusammenhang mit COVID‐19‐Infektionen beschriebene Hautmanifestationen
Authors: Tomsitz Dirk , Biedermann Tilo , Brockow Knut 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz aller kutanen Manifestationen, die direkt mit einer COVID‐19‐Infektion assoziiert sind, ist unbekannt. Allerdings steigt die Anzahl der entsprechenden Berichte schnell an und unser vorläufiges Wissen entwickelt sich rasch weiter. Die gemeldeten Hautmanifestationen lassen sich in zwei Gruppen einteilen: (1) Hautveränderungen, die unspezifisch auf eine mögliche infektiöse Erkrankung hinweisen, speziell makulopapulöses Exanthem, Urtikaria und Erythema multiforme, und (2) Hautveränderungen, die spezifischer auf eine COVID‐19‐Infektion hindeuten, insbesondere windpockenartige Läsionen, Livedo reticularis oder Frostbeulen‐artige Läsionen. Letztere scheinen mit thromboembolischen Ereignissen und vaskulären Veränderungen in Zusammenhang zu stehen.
Nicht‐alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung und Psoriasis – besteht ein gemeinsames proinflammatorisches Netzwerk?
Authors: Heitmann Johanna , Frings Verena G. , Geier Andreas , Goebeler Matthias , Kerstan Andreas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Psoriasis ist eine multifaktoriell bedingte immunvermittelte Krankheit, die nicht nur die Haut betrifft, sondern häufig mit Psoriasisarthritis, kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und metabolischem Syndrom mit Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus assoziiert ist. Neuerdings rückt auch die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) in den Fokus, die bei bis zu 50 % der Patienten mit Psoriasis auftritt. Sie ist definiert durch eine Leberverfettung, deren Ursache nicht auf übermäßigen Alkoholkonsum zurückzuführen ist. Die NAFLD hat sich mit einer Prävalenz von circa 25 % in den Industrienationen zur häufigsten Ursache einer chronischen Lebererkrankung entwickelt und umfasst neben der blanden Fettlebererkrankung die nichtalkoholische Steatohepatitis (NASH), welche durch eine Entzündung mit hepatozellulärer Apoptose und konsekutiver Leberfibrose charakterisiert ist. Unklar ist bislang, ob die psoriatische Systementzündung oder gemeinsame Begleiterkrankungen (Komorbidität) wie Adipositas zur Entstehung der NAFLD beitragen. Studienergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass systemisch wirksame proinflammatorische Zytokine wie TNFα, Interleukin (IL)‐6 und ‐17 die Verbindung zwischen Psoriasis und NAFLD herstellen könnten. Legt man eine IL‐17‐vermittelte Entzündung zugrunde, könnte die IL‐17‐Blockade, die für die Psoriasis gut etabliert ist, eine Therapieoption für beide Erkrankungen darstellen. Die frühzeitige Erkennung einer NAFLD sowie ein besseres Verständnis ihrer Pathophysiologie im Kontext des entzündlichen Netzwerks der psoriatischen Systemerkrankung ist somit auch hinsichtlich individualisierter Therapieansätze bedeutsam.
Correlating Bedrock Folds to Higher Rates of Arsenic Detection in Groundwater, SoutheastWisconsin,USA
Authors: Stewart Eric D. , Stewart Esther K. , Bradbury Kenneth R. , Fitzpatrick William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArsenic in private drinking water wells is a significant problem across much of eastern Wisconsin, USA. The release mechanism and stratigraphic distribution of sulfide and iron (hydr)oxide sources of arsenic in bedrock aquifers are well understood for northeastern Wisconsin. However, recent geologic mapping has identified numerous small bedrock folds to the south, and the impact of these geologic structures on local groundwater flow and well contamination has been little studied. This paper examines the hydrologic and structural effects of the Beaver Dam anticline, southeast Wisconsin, on arsenic in groundwater in the region. Multivariate logistic regression shows wells near the Beaver Dam anticline are statistically more likely to detect arsenic in groundwater compared to wells farther away. Structural and hydrologic changes related to folding are interpreted to be the cause. Core drilled near the fold axis is heavily fractured, and many fractures are filled with sulfides. Elevated hydraulic conductivity estimates are also recorded near the fold axis, which may reflect a higher concentration of vertical fractures. These structural and hydrologic changes may have led to systematic changes in the distribution and concentration of arsenic‐bearing mineral hosts, resulting in the observed detection pattern. For areas with similar underlying geology, this approach may improve prediction of arsenic risk down to the local level.
In utero and peripartum antiretroviral exposure as predictor of cognition in 6‐ to 10‐year‐old HIV‐exposed Ugandan children – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ezeamama AE , Zalwango SK , Sikorskii A , Tuke R , Musoke PM , Giordani B , Boivin MJ 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo quantify association between in utero/peripartum antiretroviral (IPA) exposure and cognition, i.e. executive function (EF) and socioemotional adjustment (SEA), in school‐aged Ugandan children who were perinatally HIV‐infected (CPHIV, n = 100) and children who were HIV‐exposed but uninfected (CHEU, n = 101).MethodsChildren were enrolled at age 6–10 years and followed for 12 months from March 2017 to December 2018. Caregiver‐reported child EF and SEA competencies were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline, 6 and 12 months. IPA type – combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), intrapartum single‐dose nevirapine ± zidovudine (sdNVP ± ZDV), nevirapine + zidovudine + lamivudine (sdNVP + ZDV + 3TC) – or no IPA (reference) was verified via medical records. IPA‐related standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in cognitive competencies were estimated from regression models with adjustment for caregiver sociodemographic and contextual factors. Models were fitted separately for CPHIV and CHEU.ResultsAmong CPHIV children, cART (SMD = −0.82, 95% CI: −1.37 to −0.28) and sdNVP ± ZDV (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.81 to −0.00) vs. no IPA predicted lower executive dysfunction over 12 months. Intrapartum sdNVP + ZDV + 3TC vs. no IPA predicted executive dysfunction (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.30–1.31), SEA problems (SMD = 0.63–0.76, 95% CI: 0.00–1.24) and lower adaptive skills (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI: −0.75–0.02) over 12 months among CHEU. Further adjustment for contextual factors attenuated associations, although most remained of moderate clinical importance (|SMD| > 0.33).ConclusionsAmong CPHIV children, cART and sdNVP ± ZDV IPA exposure predicted, on average, lower executive dysfunction 6–10 years later. However, peripartum sdNVP + ZDV + 3TC predicted executive and SEA dysfunction among CHEU 6–10 years later. These data underscore the need for more research into long‐term effects of in utero ART to inform development of appropriate interventions so as to mitigate cognitive sequelae.
Phylogeographic history of Japanese macaques
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi , Hayakawa Takashi , Suzuki–Hashido Nami , Hamada Yuzuru , Kurihara Yosuke , Hanya Goro , Kaneko Akihisa , Natsume Takayoshi , Aisu Seitaro , Honda Takeaki , Yachimori Syuji , Anezaki Tomoko , Omi Toshinori , Hayama Shin‐ichi , Tanaka Mikiko , Wakamori Hikaru , Imai Hiroo , Kawamoto Yoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding patterns and processes of geographic genetic variation within and among closely related species is the essence of phylogeography. Japanese macaques, also called snow monkeys, have been extensively studied, particularly in the fields of sociobiology, ecology and experimental biology; however, our knowledge of their evolutionary history is relatively limited. In this study we aimed to elucidate the geographic patterns of genetic variation in Japanese macaques and the processes that underlie them.LocationJapan.TaxaJapanese macaque, Macaca fuscata; rhesus macaque, M. mulatta; Taiwanese macaque, M. cyclopis.MethodsDouble‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to identify genome‐wide single nucleotide variants. We used fineRADstructure, ADMIXTURE and principal component analyses to estimate the genetic population structure. Phylogenetic relationships were then inferred based on neighbour‐net, neighbour‐joining, maximum likelihood and SVDquartets algorithms. We assessed gene flow using demographic inference and ABBA‐BABA tests, and estimated past distributions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using ecological niche modelling.ResultsJapanese macaques show a sister group relationship with a clade comprising Chinese rhesus, Indian rhesus and Taiwanese macaques. Japanese macaques comprise major north‐eastern and south‐western clades, with a boundary located near central Japan, and gene flow between the north‐eastern and south‐western lineages was detected. Refugia during the LGM were estimated to be distributed in limited areas along the south coasts of the Japanese archipelago.Main conclusionsPhylogeographic variation of Japanese macaques is likely due mainly to northeast–southwest divergence, which resulted from withdrawal into refugia during the glacial period, and subsequent gene flow.
Effects of temperature and relative humidity on mating and survival of sterileDrosophila suzukii
Authors: Krüger Alexandra P. , Vieira Júlia G. A. , Scheunemann Tiago , Nava Dori E. , Garcia Flávio R. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a widely distributed pest species of soft‐skinned fruits. Recent studies suggest the use of sterile insect technique (SIT) as a control method for this species; however, many factors can impact effectiveness of a SIT programme, including the environmental conditions. Environmental condition is critical at the time of the release and in the days afterwards, since it may impact sterile insects’ survival and ability to mate. Thus, we verified the influence of temperature and relative humidity on mating and survival of fertile and sterileD. suzukii, when insects were food provided or deprived. Highest mating rates occurred when sterile or fertile flies provided with food were exposed to 25ºC or 81%–100% relative humidity, while temperatures of 10 and 35ºC and humidity below 60% impaired mating. Overall, mating rate among food‐deprived flies was low in all temperatures and humidity levels tested, but fertile insects were more prone to mate when compared to sterile flies. Survival was negatively influenced by high temperatures, low relative humidity and food deprivation. The information present in this study is useful to be considered for release of sterileD. suzukii.
Development of a semi‐quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Francisella halioticida and its application to field samples
Authors: Charles Maud , Quesnelle Yann , Glais Guillaume , Trancart Suzanne , Houssin Maryline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study describes the development and application of a TaqMan® real‐time PCR assay for the detection of the bacterium Francisella halioticida. Previously, detection of F. halioticida is relied on bacterial culture and conventional PCR; however, the real‐time PCR provides many advantages because it is faster, less labour‐intensive and reduces the risk of cross‐contamination. DNA samples from mussels collected in April 2020 from seven sites in northern Brittany (France) were tested using the newly developed real‐time PCR assay. The objective was to screen for the presence of F. halioticida during spring mortality events. The bacterium was detected in 71.4% of the samples tested and was present at all sites except for Saint‐Brieuc and Mont‐Saint‐Michel, two sites which were not concerned by mortality at the time of sampling. Less than a month later, Saint‐Brieuc was affected by unusual mortalities and F. halioticida was detected in almost all mussels (81.25%). The findings from this study provide further evidence indicating that F. halioticida may be contributing to mussel mortalities; however, a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. The real‐time PCR assay developed in this study allows for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of F. halioticida which should prove useful for future studies concerning the involvement of this bacterium with shellfish mortalities.
Quality of nutritional care provided to patients who develop hospital acquired malnutrition: A study across five Australian public hospitals
Authors: Palmer Michelle , Hill Jan , Hosking Breanne , Naumann Fiona , Stoney Rachel , Ross Lynda , Woodward Talia , Josephson Christine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the nutritional care provided to patients who develop hospital acquired malnutrition (HAM). The present study aimed to describe the quality of nutritional care provided to patients who developed HAM and determine whether this differed by length of stay (LOS).MethodsA retrospective medical records audit was conducted on adults with LOS > 14 days across five Australian public hospitals from July 2015 to January 2019 who were clinically assessed to have HAM. Descriptors and nutrition‐related care data were sourced. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Chi‐squared andt‐tests were used to compare patient data by LOS ≤ or > 50 days.ResultsEligible patients (n = 208) were 64% male, with median (range) LOS of 51 (15–354) days, body mass index = 26.8 ± 6.2 kg m−2and mean ± SD age of 65 ± 17 years. Malnutrition screening was first completed a median (range) of 0 (0–31) days after admission, with weekly screening conducted on 29% of patients. Mean (range) time to initial dietitian assessment was 9 (0–87) days and 27 (2–173) days until malnutrition diagnosis. Thirty‐seven percent of patients were weighed within 24 h of a dietitian requesting it, and 51% had fluid retention that may have masked further weight loss. Most (91%) patients consumed < 80% of nutrition requirements for > 2 weeks. However, 54% did not receive additional nutrition support (e.g., enteral nutrition), which was not considered by the dietitian in 28% (n = 31/112) of these patients. Only 40% consumed adequate intake prior to discharge. Those with LOS > 50 days (50%,n = 104/208) took 24 days longer to be diagnosed with malnutrition and lost 2.4 kg more body weight during admission (p < 0.010).ConclusionsOpportunities exist to optimise nutritional care to facilitate the prevention and management of hospital acquired malnutrition in long‐stay patients.
The impact of forecasting cash flows on enhancing analysts’ own earnings forecasts: International evidence and the effect of IFRS adoption
Authors: Wang Changjiang , Yu Minna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing a large international sample from 1995 to 2018, we find that individual analysts’ earnings forecasts accompanied with cash flow forecasts are more accurate than those not accompanied with cash flow forecasts, suggesting that the findings for the United States in Call et al. (2009) apply to other countries. In addition, using a difference‐in‐differences design, we find that the positive association between cash flow forecast provisions and earnings forecast accuracy is weakened after mandatory IFRS adoption. Furthermore, we find that the reduced usefulness of forecasting cash flow for analysts’ own earnings prediction after mandatory IFRS adoption is more pronounced in countries with a common law origin and strong legal enforcement as opposed to countries with a code law origin and weak legal enforcement.
HY5 regulates light‐responsive transcription of microRNA163 to promote primary root elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Li Tao , Lian Hongmei , Li Haojie , Xu Yufang , Zhang Huiyong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. Many miRNAs are responsive to environmental signals. Light is the first environmental signal perceived by plants after emergence from the soil. However, less is known about the roles and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in response to light signal. Here, using small RNA sequencing, we determined that miR163 is significantly rapidly induced by light signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The light‐inducible response of miR163 functions genetically downstream of LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a central positive regulator of photomorphogenesis. HY5 directly binds to the two G/C‐hybrid elements in the miR163 promoter with unequal affinity; one of these elements, which is located next to the transcription start site, plays a major role in light‐induced expression of miR163. Overexpression of miR163 rescued the defective primary root elongation of hy5 seedlings without affecting lateral root growth, whereas overexpressing of miR163 target PXMT1 inhibited primary root elongation. These findings provide insight into understanding the post‐transcriptional regulation of root photomorphogenesis mediated by the HY5‐miR163‐PXMT1 network.
The positive psychology constructs of parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Turkey
Authors: Meral B. F. , Wehmeyer M. L. , Cinisli N. A. , Yilmaz E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this exploratory study was to examine positive psychology constructs (life orientation/optimism, life satisfaction, happiness, psychological well‐being and personal well‐being) that may predict the family quality of life (FQOL) of parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Turkey.MethodsData were obtained from a convenience sample of 660 parents of children with IDD who responded to six assessments, including a measure of FQOL. An analysis using stepwise multiple regression was conducted to identify predictors of FQOL as rated by parents.ResultsThe four constructs including personal well‐being, psychological well‐being, life orientation (optimism) and life satisfaction significantly explained 60% of the total variance of FQOL. The amount of explained variance, beta scores and correlations suggests that these positive psychology constructs are significant predictors of FQOL of parents of children with IDD in Turkey.ConclusionThe study findings suggested that positive psychological constructs at the individual level were positively related to FQOL at the group level. Personal well‐being was the strongest predictor of FOQL of parents who have children with IDD in Turkey. The results also indicated that other constructs including psychological well‐being, an optimistic life orientation and life satisfaction contribute significantly to the FQOL of parents of children with IDD.
Insulin and endocannabinoids in the mesolimbic system
Authors: Sallam Nada A. , Borgland Stephanie L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEasy access to palatable food and an abundance of food‐related cues exacerbate non‐homeostatic feeding. The metabolic and economical sequelae of non‐homeostatic feeding outweigh those of homeostatic feeding and contribute significantly to the global obesity pandemic. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary central circuit that governs the motivation to consume food. Insulin and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are two major, presumably opposing, players in regulating homeostatic and non‐homeostatic feeding centrally and peripherally. Insulin is generally regarded as a postprandial satiety signal, whereas eCBs mainly function as pre‐prandial orexinergic signals. In this review, we discuss the effects of insulin and eCB‐mediated actions within the mesolimbic pathways. We propose that insulin and eCBs have regional‐ and time course‐dependent roles. We discuss their mechanisms of actions in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, as well as how their mechanisms converge to finely tune dopaminergic activity and food intake.