bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Fissurectomy and Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in the Surgical Management of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Memon Kazim Ali , Khatti Shahnawaz , Pathan Ahmed Hussain , Khatoon Shahida , Memon Abdul Salam , Kumar Sandesh , Khatti Muhammad Usman 
Published: May 2021

Background: The anal fissure is a small spilt in the distal anoderm, and it most commonly occurs in the posterior midline of anal canal. Anal fissure causes severe sharp pain on defecation, occasionally accompanied by streak of blood on outside of stool or blood on toilet tissue. Fissures are classified as acute or chronic, acute fissure usually heal spontaneously within six weeks. Fissurectomy had been used as separate technique in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with favorable result. Parallel inside sphincterotomy produces an enduring fall of anal resting pressure, that reestablish mucosal perfusion bringing about recuperating, yet genuine drive component is obscure, and the instrument that travel from intense to constant gap stay dark. This study is design to assess the outcome between two groups, than better modality of the two could be chosen.
Objective: To compare fissurectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the management of chronic anal fissure.
Patient and Methods: The Randomized controlled trial was conducted during 18-02-2015 to 17-08-2015 at Department of surgery,Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Hyderabad. A total of 218 patients with chronic anal fissure were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were underwent fissurectomy and patients group B was underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. Surgery was performed and patients were followed for 8 weeks on regular basis and satisfactory out comes was noted. Information along with demographics was entered in the proforma.
Results: Rate of satisfactory outcome was significantly high in group B as compare to group A [92.66% vs. 76.15%; p=0.001].
Conclusion: Subcutaneous sidelong internal sphincterotomy is a significant surgery for patients with persistent anal fissure. It is compelling and safe, offers fast help of torment, and advances early gap mending without being gone to by any significant complexities.
Predicting the Readiness of Indonesia Manufacturing Companies toward Industry 4.0
Authors: Tanjung Sean Yonathan , Yahya Kresnayana , Halim Siana 
Published: May 2021

This research discusses Indonesia's readiness to implement industry 4.0. We classified the Indonesia manufacturing companies' readiness, which is listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, in industry 4.0 based on the 2018 annual reports. We considered 38 variables from those reports and reduced them using principal component analysis into 11 variables. Using clustering analysis on the reduced dataset, we found three clusters representing the readiness level in implementing industry 4.0. Finally, we used the decision tree for analysing the classification rules. As the finding of this study, Total book value of the machine is the variable that defined the readiness of a company in industry 4.0. The bigger those values are, the more ready a company to compete in industry 4.0. The other measures, i.e., Total cost of revenue by total revenue; Direct labor cost; Total revenue/Total employee and Transportation cost/Total revenue, will define the readiness of a manufacturing company to transform into industry 4.0. or not ready to transform into industry 4.0.
Nursing diagnosis impaired mood regulation and depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly people / Diagnóstico de enfermagem regulação do humor prejudicada e sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas
Authors: Brito Fabiana Medeiros , Fernandes Wiliana Aparecida Alves de Brito , Santos Kamyla Félix Oliveira dos , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência do diagnóstico de enfermagem regulação do humor prejudicada e de sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 35 pessoas idosas, em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos. Dados coletados por meio de entrevista subsidiada por instrumento estruturado. Para a análise, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Observou-se prevalência do diagnóstico de enfermagem regulação do humor prejudicada em 65,7% das pessoas idosas, e depressão leve a moderada em 57,1% destes, bem como significância estatística entre as variáveis. Conclusão: Considerando os efeitos maléficos da depressão para a saúde da pessoa idosa, é importante que os enfermeiros busquem identificar o diagnóstico de enfermagem regulação do humor prejudicada, assim como a presença de sintomas depressivos nesta população.
Climate change shifts population structure and demographics of an alpine herb,Anemone narcissiflora ssp. sachalinensis(Ranunculaceae), along a snowmelt gradient
Authors: Kawai Yuka , Kudo Gaku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlpine ecosystems, characterized by cold climates and short growing seasons, are thought to be most vulnerable to climate change. Warmer temperatures and earlier snowmelt extend the growing season length and increase drought stress for alpine plants, resulting in changes to their distribution.Anemone narcissiflora ssp. sachalinensisis a perennial herb that grows in the alpine snow‐meadows of northern Japan. In the last few decades, its distribution has shifted toward later snowmelt habitat in the Taisetsu Mountains of Hokkaido. We recorded demographic data for this species at early, middle and late snowmelt habitats over four years (2009–2012), and constructed transition matrix models to evaluate how demographic parameters and population growth rate vary between local habitats along a snowmelt gradient. The proportion of reproductive plants was low and seed production was limited in the early snowmelt habitat, with drier soil conditions, in comparison to the middle and late snowmelt habitats, with moist soil conditions. Evidence of the transition from small plants to those in the reproductive stage was limited in the early snowmelt habitat, suggesting that growth was inhibited; the local population in this habitat was estimated to be sustained by seed migration from later snowmelt habitats. These results indicate that advancing snowmelt under climate change may decrease the reproductive activity and population growth rate of snow‐meadow plants if seed migration from later snowmelt populations is limited, resulting in the extinction of local populations.
On the MLC leaves alignment in the direction orthogonal to movement
Authors: Latifi Kujtim , Lotey Rajiv , Feygelman Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main focus of the recommended spatial accuracy tests for the multi‐leaf collimators (MLC) is calibration of the leaf position along the movement direction and overall alignment to the radiation isocenter. No explicit attention was typically paid to the alignment of the leaves from the opposing banks in the direction orthogonal to movement. This paper is a case study demonstrating that verification of such alignment at the time of acceptance testing is prudent. The original standard MLC (SMLC) on an MRIdian MRI‐guided linac (ViewRay Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) was upgraded to a high‐speed MLC (HSMLC), which is supposed to be mechanically identical to the SMLC except for the higher drive screw pitch. The results of the end‐to‐end IMRT tests demonstrated unacceptable dosimetric results exemplified by an average and maximum ion chamber (IC) point dose error in the high‐dose low‐gradient region of 2.5 ± 1.4% and 4.6%, respectively. Before the upgrade, those values were 0.3 ± 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively. An exhaustive analysis of possible failure modes eventually zeroed in on the average misalignment of about 1 mm in the Y (along the couch) direction between the right and left upper MLC banks. The MLC was replaced, reducing the Y‐direction misalignment to 0.4 mm. As a result, the average and maximum IC dose‐errors became acceptable 1.0 ± 0.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Simple film and/or chamber array tests during acceptance testing can easily detect Y‐direction misalignments between opposing leaves banks measuring a fraction of a mm at isocenter. Left undetected, such misalignment can cause nontrivial dosimetric consequences.
Identification of Distinct Disease Activity Trajectories in Methotrexate‐Naive Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Tofacitinib Over Twenty‐Four Months
Authors: Bykerk Vivian P. , Lee Eun Bong , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Gruben David C. , Fallon Lara , Woolcott John C. , Keystone Edward 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To better understand tofacitinib treatment responses, we used group‐based trajectory modeling to investigate distinct disease activity trajectories and associated baseline variables in patients with active RA.MethodsThis post hoc analysis used data from a phase III study of methotrexate‐naive patients receiving tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily. Changes in the 4‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) from baseline to month 24 were used in group‐based trajectory modeling to identify distinct disease activity trajectories. Patient and disease characteristics, changes in radiographic progression and patient‐reported outcomes, and safety up to month 24 were compared among trajectory groups.ResultsFrom 346 methotrexate‐naive patients, 5 disease trajectory groups, defined by DAS28‐ESR scores, were identified, which progressed from high disease activity (HDA) to remission (group 1, n = 28), to low disease activity (LDA) rapidly (group 2, n = 107), to moderate disease activity (group 3, n = 98), to LDA gradually (group 4, n = 46), or remained in HDA (group 5, n = 67), at month 24. At baseline, groups 1 and 2 generally had lower disease activity and more favorable patient‐reported outcomes, compared with other groups. Improvements in radiographic progression and patient‐reported outcomes over 24 months were generally consistent with DAS28‐ESR–predicted disease activity trajectories. Adverse event rates were generally comparable across groups.ConclusionDistinct phenotypic subgroups identified heterogeneity in patients with RA normally analyzed as a single population. Trajectory modeling may enable separation of clinically meaningful subsets of patients with RA, and may help optimize treatment outcomes.
Chronic Primary or Secondary Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain and Disrupted Sexual Function and Relationships: A Systematic Review
Authors: Briggs Andrew M. , Slater Helen , Van Doornum Sharon , Pearson Lauren , Tassone Eliza C. , Romero Lorena , Chua Jason , Ackerman Ilana N. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveEvidence points to the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions on sexual function, yet there is little systematic appraisal and synthesis of evidence examining these associations across noninflammatory conditions. We aimed to systematically review evidence surrounding the association between chronic primary and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain with intimate relationships and sexual function.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1990 to September 5, 2019 for cross‐sectional or prospective epidemiologic and qualitative studies among cohorts with chronic primary or secondary noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision classification criteria.ResultsFifty‐one eligible studies were included (46 quantitative, 3 qualitative, 2 mixed‐methods designs). Sample sizes ranged from 13 to 12,377 and mean age from 32.6 to 69.2 years. Cross‐sectional controlled cohort studies consistently reported poorer sexual function outcomes among cohorts with pain relative to comparison groups. Of 15 studies reporting outcomes for the Female Sexual Function Index, 14 demonstrated mean scores of ≤26.55 for the pain group, indicating sexual dysfunction. In 4 studies reporting the International Index of Erectile Function, the pain cohorts demonstrated consistently lower mean subscale scores and the erectile function subscale scores were ≤25.0, indicating erectile dysfunction. Three key themes emerged from a meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies: impaired sexual function; compromised intimate relationships; and impacts of pain on sexual identity, body image, and self‐worth.ConclusionSexual dysfunction and negative impacts on intimate relationships are highly prevalent among people with chronic noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain. Consideration of these associations is relevant to the delivery of holistic, person‐centered musculoskeletal pain care.
A Self‐Supported High‐Entropy Metallic Glass with a Nanosponge Architecture for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution under Alkaline and Acidic Conditions
Authors: Jia Zhe , Nomoto Keita , Wang Qing , Kong Charlie , Sun Ligang , Zhang Lai‐Chang , Liang Shun‐Xing , Lu Jian , Kruzic Jamie J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both alkaline and acidic media is crucial for the future development of a hydrogen economy. However, state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance electrocatalysts recently developed are based on carbon carriers mediated by binding noble elements and their complicated processing methods are a major impediment to commercialization. Here, inspired by the high‐entropy alloy concept with its inherent multinary nature and using a glassy alloy design with its chemical homogeneity and tunability, we present a scalable strategy to alloy five equiatomic elements, PdPtCuNiP, into a high‐entropy metallic glass (HEMG) for HER in both alkaline and acidic conditions. Surface dealloying of the HEMG creates a nanosponge‐like architecture with nanopores and embedded nanocrystals that provides abundant active sites to achieve outstanding HER activity. The obtained overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 are 32 and 62 mV in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4 solutions, respectively, outperforming most currently available electrocatalysts. Density functional theory reveals that a lattice distortion and the chemical complexity of the nanocrystals lead to a strong synergistic effect on the electronic structure that further stabilizes hydrogen proton adsorption/desorption. This HEMG strategy establishes a new paradigm for designing compositionally complex alloys for electrochemical reactions.
Polysulfide Filter and Dendrite Inhibitor: Highly Graphitized Wood Framework Inhibits Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrites in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Chen Yuanzhen , Zou Kunyang , Dai Xin , Bai Haihua , Zhang Shilin , Zhou Tengfei , Li Chengxin , Liu Yongning , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe design and manufacture of advanced materials based on biomaterials provide new opportunities to solve many technological challenges. In this work, a highly graphitized wood framework (GWF) with a porous tunnel structure and microvilli is constructed as a multifunctional interlayer to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The GWF not only retains the 3D transport network of wood, but also offers increased deposition sites for polysulfides through the microvilli which grow on the inner surfaces of the carbon tunnels. Electrochemical tests show that GWF effectively enhances the initial discharge capacity of the Li–S battery to 1593 mAh g−1at 0.05 C, with a low capacity decline of 0.06% per cycle at 1 C. Besides, the GWF interlayer also effectively protects lithium anodes from corrosion by Sx2−, thus they still keep their metallic luster and clean surface even after long charge‐discharge cycles. These enhancements are attributed to the high conductivity, abundant microvilli, and tunnel confinement effects of GWF, which effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides by the same principle as nose hairs filtering the air. This work presents a new understanding of bionic/biomaterials and a new strategy to improve the performance of Li–S batteries.
Solution‐Processable Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Variable Functionalities
Authors: Yuan Hongye , Liu Guoliang , Qiao Zhiwei , Li Nanxi , Buenconsejo Pio John S. , Xi Shibo , Karmakar Avishek , Li Mengsha , Cai Hong , Pennycook Stephen John , Zhao Dan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) intrinsically lack fluidity and thus solution processability. Direct synthesis of MOFs exhibiting solution processability like polymers remains challenging but highly sought‐after for multitudinous applications. Herein, a one‐pot, surfactant‐free, and scalable synthesis of highly stable MOF suspensions composed of exceptionally large (average area > 15 000 µm2) NUS‐8 nanosheets with variable functionalities and excellent solution processability is presented. This is achieved by adding capping molecules during the synthesis, and by judicious controls of precursor concentration and MOF nanosheet–solvent interactions. The resulting 2D NUS‐8 nanosheets with variable functionalities exhibit excellent solution processability. As such, relevant monoliths, aero‐ and xerogels, and large‐area textured films with a great homogeneity, controllable thickness, and appreciable mechanical properties can be facilely fabricated. Additionally, from both the molecular‐ and chip‐level it is demonstrated that capacitive sensors integrated with NUS‐8 films functionalized with different terminal groups exhibit distinguishable sensing behaviors toward acetone due to their disparate host–guest interactions. It is envisioned that this simple approach will greatly facilitate the integration of MOFs in miniaturized electronic devices and benefit their mass production.
Efficient Er/O Doped Silicon Photodiodes at Communication Wavelengths by Deep Cooling
Authors: Zhao Xingyan , Lin Kaiman , Gao Sai , Liu Huayou , He Jiajing , Wang Xiaoming , Wen Huimin , Dan Yaping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWide band infrared photodetectors have found a wide range of applications in sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. However, the commonly used infrared photodetectors are based on Ge and III‐V semiconductors which are not complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible and therefore have limited applications. There is a huge demand for silicon‐based infrared photodetectors due to its low‐cost and compatibility with CMOS processes. Nevertheless, the spectral bandwidth of Si photodetectors is limited to wavelengths below 1.1 µm. Several approaches are developed to extend Si photodetection bandwidth to communication wavelengths. Er/O doped Si is a promising approach which, however, suffers from low infrared responsivities at room temperature when the samples are treated with the standard rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In this work, a novel deep cooling process to treat Er/O doped silicon waveguide photodiodes is applied. In comparison with RTA process, the deep cooling process reduces the defect concentration in silicon by two orders of magnitude, resulting in a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude reduction in leakage current density and an enhanced photoresponsivity to 100 mA W−1 at 1510 nm. The 3dB bandwidth of the silicon waveguide photodiode reaches 30 kHz. The device performance can be further improved by optimizing the deep cooling condition and Er/O doping concentration.
Combinations of Superior Inorganic Phosphors for Level‐Tunable Information Hiding and Encoding
Authors: Wu Youfusheng , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInorganic photoluminescence (PL) phosphors (including upconversion (UC), down‐shifting (DS), and persistent (PersL) materials) with tunable outputs, high quantum yields (QYs), and excellent photostability have attracted tremendous attention in advanced information hiding and encoding (IHE). The three kinds of phosphors endow security patterns in different IHE levels owing to their unique optical features. For security applications, it is very necessary to review how to boost optical performance and achieve multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, diversely pivotal approaches on the achievement of multicolor emissions, high QYs, and excellent photostability are summarized. Full learning of these methods is promising to design superior inorganic phosphors. Based on the appealing optical properties of inorganic PL materials, a progressively improved IHE level is revealed by using unitary inorganic PL material, the couples of UCL, DS, and PersL, and further combinations together with external stimuli. This review not only deepens an understanding of designing high‐performance inorganic PL phosphors, but also gets inside into the construction of high‐performance IHE.
High Figure of Merit Magneto‐Optical Ce‐ and Bi‐Substituted Terbium Iron Garnet Films Integrated on Si
Authors: Fakhrul Takian , Tazlaru Stana , Khurana Bharat , Beran Lukáš , Bauer Jackson , Vančík Michal , Marchese Ariane , Tsotsos Ekaterina , Kučera Miroslav , Zhang Yan , Veis Martin , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFilms of polycrystalline terbium iron garnet (TbIG), cerium‐substituted TbIG (CeTbIG), and bismuth‐substituted TbIG (BiTbIG) are grown on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The films grow under tensile strain due to thermal mismatch with the Si substrate, resulting in a dominant magnetoelastic anisotropy which, combined with shape anisotropy, leads to in‐plane magnetization. TbIG has a compensation temperature of 253 K which is reduced by substitution of Ce and Bi. The Faraday rotation at 1550 nm of the TbIG, Ce0.36TbIG, and Bi0.03TbIG films is 5400 ± 600° cm−1, 4500 ± 100° cm–1, and 6200 ± 300° cm−1, respectively, while Ce0.36TbIG and Bi0.03TbIG exhibit lower optical absorption than TbIG, attributed to a reduction in Fe2+ and Tb4+ absorption pathways. The high Faraday rotation of the films, and in particular the high magneto‐optical figure of merit of the Bi0.03TbIG of 720° dB−1 at 1550 nm, make these polycrystalline films valuable for applications in integrated photonics.
Crop root Exudate Composition‐Dependent Disassembly of Lignin‐Fe‐Hydroxyapatite Supramolecular Structures: A Better Rhizosphere Sensing Platform for Smart Fertilizer Development
Authors: Yoon Ho Young , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Joe Eun‐Nam , Kwon Sumin , Son Eun Ju , Jang Kyoung‐Soon , Jeon Jong‐Rok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA one‐pot/one‐step process of lignin‐Fe coordination is implemented to synthesize lignin‐Fe‐hydroxyapatite (HA) supramolecular structures, which can be disassembled and subsequently surface‐engineered by root exudate‐derived organic acids. The extent of disassembly is superior to the corresponding HCl‐induced pH change, suggesting that organic acids directly hamper non‐covalent interactions involving lignin components and ferric ions. This disassembly coincides with the facilitated co‐release of crop nutrients (i.e., ferric ions) and stimulants (i.e., lignin components) in a time‐dependent manner. The resulting exposed core HAs are further surface‐engineered with organic acids, thus accelerating the release of crop nutrients (i.e., calcium and phosphate ions) through the particle dissolution. Finally, lignin‐Fe‐coated HAs significantly enhances Zea mays growth rates under heat and salt stress compared to bare ones, suggesting that the increased organic acid secretion by the roots under abiotic stresses accelerates the disassembly and subsequent dissolution of the coated particles. Given that conventional rhizosphere‐responsive fertilizers are mainly based on H+ ion‐mediated structural changes, the approach provides a more effective means to detect the rhizosphere and crop stress state by exploiting the nature‐inspired relationship between small organic acids and supramolecular polyphenolic assemblies.