bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of D-SAGD Completion
Authors: Graham John , Hollohan Cody 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the production well of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) injector-producer well-pair, Direct-to-SAGD (D-SAGD) reservoir steam chamber development and electrical submersible pump (ESP) deployment requires only a single workover, effectively performing the jobs in parallel. This is an improvement over the traditional approach where reservoir steam chamber development and ESP deployment occur sequentially, each requiring a dedicated workover. The D-SAGD completion not only eliminates all costs associated with one workover, but also minimizes the heat energy dissipation that would otherwise occur over several days of steam injection downtime associated with pulling the completion string and installing the artificial lift system, along with decreased time, and increased safety, among other attendant benefits.
Traditionally, an initial completion is performed on the production well to install monitoring instrumentation and a steam injection string, then steam injection occurs through both the injection and production wells for approximately 90 to 120 days. Once the reservoir temperature has reached a predetermined midpoint temperature between the wells, a fall-off test is performed by halting steam injection in both the production and injection wells and monitoring the completion's heat energy distribution profile throughout the length of the liner from heel to toe as the well cools back down toward its steady state temperature. If the results of the fall-off test are satisfactory, then subsequently a second workover is performed to install the ESP into the production well. Lastly, steam injection in the injector well is resumed, and the ESP operation begins.
Given that the single D-SAGD workover achieves both the deployment of instrumentation and the ESP prior to steam chamber development, this implies that the ESP is required to withstand the large temperature and pressure fluctuations inherent to the combination of steam chamber development and fall off testing, all prior to being powered on for production to begin. This represents an unprecedented challenge for ESP seal sections. Among several other novel challenges, if the internal oil volume contraction induced by the deep temperature drop of the fall off test exceeds the capacity of the seal section to compensate for it, then the seal and motor may flood with wellbore fluid prior to the first attempt at turning it on.
This paper discusses the unique challenges associated with the D-SAGD completion as it relates to ESP reliability. A SAGD-spec ESP remaining downhole for several months at unprecedented bottom hole pressure and temperature, and withstanding the associated fall-off test is a meaningful deviation from the conventional SAGD application, and this paper will detail the considerations associated with achieving ESP reliability in a D-SAGD completion that is comparable to that achieved in the conventional SAGD completion.
Covid-19 Infection, Illness and Deaths Among Healthcare Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Ocan Moses , Kawala Brenda Allen , Kisangala Ephraim , Ndagire Regina , Wangi Rachel Nante , Semakula Daniel , Kinengyere Alison Annet , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Katairo Thomas , Okullo Allen Eva , Nalugoda Fred , Namisango Eve , Ouma Kevin Ojiambo , Apunyo Robert , Nakalembe Loyce , Luwambo Ash , Obuku Ekwaro Anthony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, health care workers continue to be infected, fall ill and die at the frontline of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fight, an indicator of inadequate safety in health facilities. This rapid evidence synthesis aims to highlight the impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) in terms of infections, illnesses and deaths. Methods: A systematic review will be done. Article search will be performed by an experienced librarian in PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, COVID-END, Cochrane library and targeted search from other relevant sources. MeSH terms and Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” will be used in the article search. Independent reviewers will screen the retrieved articles using a priori criteria. Data abstraction will be done using an excel based abstraction tool and synthesized using structured narratives and summary of findings tables. Discussion and anticipated use of results: This evidence synthesis seeks to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare systems of low- and middle-income countries. Information on healthcare worker infections, illness, and deaths due to COVID-19, will be collated from published research articles. This will help guide decision makers in establishing low- cost high impact interventions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in the health work force.Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD 42020204174
Comparison of Retinal Vascular Arcade Trajectory Between Eyes with an Idiopathic Macular Hole and the Healthy Fellow Eye
Authors: Nowroozzadeh M. Hossein , Meshksar Shadi , Azimi Ali , Rasti Ali , Sedaghat Ahad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to present a method to evaluate the retinal arcade vascular trajectory by measuring the distance between the retinal veins in eyes with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) and compare this measurement with healthy fellow eyes.Methods: In this Cross-sectional study18 patients with unilateral IMH were enrolled. We used standard fundus photographs, which were obtained from each eye with a digital fundus camera using a 55-degree lens. The calculation of the retinal arcade vascular trajectories was done by drawing and measuring 5 vertical lines within the macular area. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65±9 years. The between-groups differences of each vertical line were not statistically significant, except for the differences between the most temporal line, which was greater in the diseased group (9388 vs. 8322 mm; P=0.034). The ratio between the 5th (most temporal) and the third (fovea-center) vertical lines was greater than 1 (V-shape) in 72% of eyes with a macular hole, whereas it was less than one (U-shape) in 78% of control eyes (P=0.003). Conclusions: We demonstrated that in eyes with an IMH the vascular arcade has more tendency to diverge on its path temporal to the fovea.
The relation of Body Mass Index to Mechanical Properties in Normal and Overweight Individuals
Authors: Usgu Serkan , Ramazanoğlu Engin , Yakut Yavuz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The study was to determine the relation of body mass index to muscular mechanical properties in normal and overweight individuals Methods: A total of 172 participants (86 males and 86 females, mean age; 26.00±5.45 years) were participated. The participants were assigned in groups base on BMI classification (normal (BMI=18.50-24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI=25.00-29.99 kg/m2). The biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF) were measured bilaterally using the "MyotonPRO" device. Results: Bilateral BB and BF stiffness, and BB elasticity were found significantly difference between normal and overweight group (p<0.05). Also the only left BB tone was found different (p<0.05) while other mechanical parameters found similar (p>0.05). In sex based BMI sub-categories comprasion; the bilaterally BB and BF stiffness and BF tone were found higher, and only the right BB elasticity was decreased in overweight male group (p<0.05). While the other mechanical parameters were found similar (p<0.05). The right BB stiffness and elasticity were found higher in overweight female group (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found in other parameters for female comparison (p>0.05).A weak positive correlation was found between the right-left BB tone and stiffness and BMI. Also, a weak positive correlation was revealed between the right BB elasticity (p<0.05). No correlation was determined in other mechanical paramaters (p>0.05).Conclusions: The bilateral BB and BF stiffness increased and BB elasticity decreased as BMI increased. The BB and BF mechanical properties were affected more in males than females when BMI considered.
Effect of Reynoutria Japonica and its Extract on Sirt1 in Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury
Authors: Cao Shangmei , Liu Xiaojing , sun Xinxin , Chen Xixia , Tang Shuifu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Mechanisms of drug-induced kidney injury include mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Resveratrol is a natural activator of sirt1 that is related to oxidative stress.Aim: To explore the mechanism of treating drug-induced kidney injury with Reynoutria japonica and its extract (Resveratrol).Design: Fifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, model group, Reynoutria japonica group, resveratrol group and lotensin group. Each group was given the corresponding drug. ACR was measured on the seventh day every week. Creatinine and urea nitrogen were measured on the fourth weekend. All rats were sacrificed on the fourth weekend to detect the relevant indicators in the kidney.Results: At the fourth week, the ACR, Scr and BUN of the Resveratrol group were higher than those of the lotensin group and Reynoutria japonica group (P<0.05). The values of Scr and BUN were lower in the Reynoutria japonica group than in the lotensin group (P<0.05). The levels of SOD, NO, and sirt1 gene and protein expression in the model group and treatment group were lower than those in the blank group, and those in the model group were lower than those in the treatment group (P<0.05). The levels of SOD, NO, and sirt1 gene and protein expression in the Reynoutria japonica group were higher than the lotensin group (P<0.05).Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of the Reynoutria japonica group was better than that of the lotensin group and resveratrol group.
Postoperative complications after major abdominal surgery in preterm infants: A single institute record
Authors: Kumba Claudine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Post-operative complications in pediatric surgery are important issues, especially that after major abdominal surgery for preterm infants: complications sometimes lead to mortality/morbidity even though the surgical procedures were successful. We here attempted to demonstrate and record post-operative complications in preterm infants after major abdominal surgery. This is a secondary analysis of our cohort (n=594) previously reported regarding pediatric postoperative complications (not confined to preterm infants). Methods: Of 594 patients, 25 preterm (born <37 weeks of gestation) infants underwent major abdominal surgery. We identified their characteristics, especially the postoperative complications. The Ethics Committee approved this study.Results: The mean weight was 2.43±0.75 kg. Of 25, nine suffered postoperative complications: postoperative respiratory failure (n=4), pulmonary sepsis (n=2), and the followings were observed in one patient: intra-operative cardiac arrest, wound sepsis, septicemia, and multi-organ sepsis. There was no in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: In preterm infants undergoing major abdominal surgery, the most common postoperative complication was respiratory; respiratory failure and pulmonary sepsis. This data is roughly the same as that observed in the previous studies, which made us reconfirm the importance of the vigilance on respiratory complications in this population.
Scleral Buckling Surgery For Stage 4A and 4B Retinopathy of Prematurity in Critically Ill Neonates.
Authors: Papageorgiou Eleni , Riri Konstantina , Kardaras Dimitrios , Grivea Ioanna , Mataftsi Asimina , Tsironi Evangelia , Androudi Sofia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of scleral buckling in eyes with stage 4A and 4B retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods: Seven eyes of five premature infants underwent scleral buckling for stage 4 ROP in zone II. Five eyes had stage 4A ROP, and two eyes had stage 4B ROP. Six eyes had previous diode laser photocoagulation, and one eye had received an intravitreal ranibizumab injection. Scleral buckling was the procedure of choice due to lack of access to specialized pediatric vitrectomy instrumentation. Average age at surgery was 3.4 months. Postoperative anatomic retinal status, visual acuity outcome and refractive error were assessed. Results: The scleral buckle was removed on average 8 months after surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in all seven eyes. At final follow-up one eye had macular ectopia and disc dragging, one eye had a macular traction fold and two eyes had optic disc pallor. Average myopic error after buckle removal was -7.5 D.Conclusion: Scleral buckling can be performed safely and effectively in 4A and 4B stage ROP in critically-ill infants, when access to specialized pediatric vitrectomy instrumentation is limited. This surgical technique may provide adequate relief of vitreoretinal traction with improved visual potential.
Reduction of Leakage from Insertion Site During Continuous Femoral Nerve Block with Catheter-Through-Needle Versus Catheter-Over-Needle Technique for Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hattammaru Yoshiyasu , Mio Yasushi , Hascilowicz Tomasz , Utsumi Isao , Murakami Yuichi , Omi Sachiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) is a common procedure used for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty. Continuous nerve block using a conventional needle (catheter-through-needle/CTN) is complicated by leakage of the anesthetic from the catheter insertion site. A new type of needle (catheter-over-needle/ CON) is now available, which is believed to reduce leakage as the diameter of the catheter is larger than that of the needle. The purpose of this study was to compare leakage from the catheter insertion site during CFNB when using CTN and CON for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded controlled study included 60 patients who were scheduled for TKA at our facility between May 2016 and November 2017. Patients were randomly allocated to the CTN and CON groups. All patients in the two groups received CFNB and sciatic nerve block for postoperative analgesia. The administration of 0.16% levobupivacaine mixed with 6 mg of indigo carmine ( a dye added to easily identify leakage) was started at 6 ml/h at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of leakage from the catheter insertion site. We further investigated the degree of leakage, the incidence of catheter migration, pain scores using the numerical rating scale at 48 hours postoperatively, and the number of days until the operated knee could be flexed 120 degrees postoperatively in both groups. Results: The CON group had a significantly lower incidence of leakage from the catheter insertion site. There were no significant differences in other measurement outcomes.Conclusions: Use of CON reduces the incidence of leakage from the catheter insertion site during CFNB in the use of postoperative analgesia for total knee arthroplasty. Future research is needed to determine additional benefits of using CON related to decreased leakage. Trial registration: The study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000021537), prospectively registered on 18 March 2016.
Suppressive Effect of α-mangostin for Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer via the Notch Pathway
Authors: Jo Min Kyoung , Moon Chang Mo , Kim Eun Ju , Kwan Jee Hee , Fei Xiang , Kim Seong-Eun , Jung Sung-Ae , Kim Minsuk , Mun Yeung-Chul , Anh Young-Ho , Seo Seung-Yong , Kim Tae Il 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Since colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in chemoresistance and in tumor recurrence and metastasis, targeting of CSCs has emerged as a sophisticated strategy for cancer therapy. α-mangostin (αM) has been confirmed to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the selective inhibition of αM on CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the suppressive effect on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced CSCs. Methods: The cell viability assay was performed to determine the optimal concentration of αM. A sphere forming assay and flow cytometry with CSC markers were carried out to evaluate the αM-mediated inhibition of CSCs. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to investigate the effects of αM on the Notch signaling pathway and colon CSCs. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of αM in combination with 5-FU was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Results: αM inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of spheres in HT29 and SW620 cells. αM treatment decreased CSCs and suppressed the 5-FU-induced an increase in CSCs on flow cytometry. αM markedly suppressed Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 in the Notch signaling pathway in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, αM attenuated CSC markers CD44 and CD133, in a manner similar to that upon DAPT treatment, in HT29 cells. In xenograft mice, the tumor and CSC makers were suppressed in the αM group and in the αM group with 5-FU treatment. Conclusion: This study shows that low-dose αM inhibits CSCs in CRC and suppresses 5-FU–induced augmentation of CSCs via the Notch signaling pathway.
Safety of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Versus Artemether-Lumefantrine For the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Among Children in Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Assefa Dawit Getachew , Yismaw Gizachew , Makonnen Eyasu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The efficacies of artemisinin based combinations have been excellent in Africa, but little or no attention has been given to their safety. The aim of this review was to synthesize available evidence on the safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) compared to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for the treatment of uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria among children in Africa.Method: A systematic literature search was done to identify relevant articles from online databases PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Center for Clinical Trial database (CENTRAL) for retrieving randomized control trials comparing safety of DHA-PQ and AL for treatment of uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria among children in Africa. The search was performed from August 2020 to 30 April 2021. Using Rev-Man software (V5.4.1), the extracted data from eligible studies were pooled as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Result: In this review, 18 studies were included, which involved 10,498 participants were included. Compared to AL, DHA-PQ was associated with a slightly higher frequency of early vomiting (RR 2.26, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.50; participants = 7796; studies = 10; I2 = 0%, high quality of evidence), cough (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11; participants = 8013; studies = 13; I2 = 0%, high quality of evidence), and diarrhea (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.31; participants = 6841; studies = 11; I2 = 8%, high quality of evidence) were more frequent in DHA-PQ treatment arm. Conclusion: From this review, it can be concluded that early vomiting, diarrhea, and cough were significantly more frequent in patients who were treated with the DHA-PQ than that of AL, and both drugs are well tolerated. More studies comparing AL with DHA-PQ are needed to determine the comparative safety of these drugs.
The Impact of SOD3 on Prostatic Diseases: Elevated SOD3 Serves as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Zheng Shengfeng , Li Hongtao , Lin Xuandong , Gan Xiang , Xiao Shengjun , Liu Jiayi , Xie Zhibin , Lin Zhidi , Song Weiru , Wang Xiao , Li Meiqing , Lan Yue , Zhang Mingjing , Fu Weijin , Yang Xiaoli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate is the most common gland for the three major diseases in male, such as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is lack of ideal biomarker for diagnosis with prostatic diseases, especially CNP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) levels in serum or expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) with CNP, and in the prostate tissues of rat CNP modules, BPH, and PCa was quantified, which showed that SOD3 was significantly increased in CNP and BPH, but decreased in PCa compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis suggested that SOD3 was an efficient diagnosis biomarker discriminating CNP versus normal controls (accuracy= 0.831, 95%CI: 0.726-0.937, P＜0.001), CNP III versus CNP IV (accuracy=0.868, 95%CI: 0.716-0.940, P＜0.001). SOD3 were associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with CNP including pelvic pain, blood pressure, and lecithin/leukocyte in EPS. Multiple bioinformatic analysis showed that SOD3 mainly participated in superoxide radicals degradation, apoptotic execution phase, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, etc. Furthermore, the structural features of SOD3 and the interacting proteins were evaluated by molecular docking, and hotspot analysis indicated that better affinities between SOD3 and its interacting molecules were associated with the presence of Arginine (Arg) in the binding site. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, it can be concluded that SOD3 plays an important role in prostatic diseases, and it may potentially serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker for CNP.