bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization as an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Tajdari Ali , Babaei Amir , Goudarzi Alireza , Partovi Razie , Rostami Amir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to compare the different modes of addition of metal oxide on the desired properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as matrix. In this regard, firstly, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO) and hybrid nanoparticles of ZnO‐titanium dioxide (TiO2) (called as TZO nano‐hybrid) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process and were characterized by means of FE‐SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Afterward, PLA nanocomposites including various amounts of synthesized nanoparticles were fabricated. The results demonstrated a proper nanoparticles dispersion and distribution state in the case of low percentages of inclusion and an elevated aggregation for the higher percentages. But, excellent dispersion with the lowest amount of aggregation was observed for TZO nano‐hybrid in the PLA matrix, which directly affected the physical and mechanical properties and also anti‐bacterial performance of PLA. For example, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLA, by incorporation of 7 wt% TZO, increased from 42.5 to 44 MPa and 1325.3 to 1917.5 MPa, respectively. It was also found that the type of morphology of nanoparticles plays a key role in the improvement of these properties. The results of the tests investigated in this study showed that fabrication of TZO nano‐hybrid and its dispersion in the PLA matrix gave the best desirable properties in this polymer compared to the other two dispersion modes (single‐incorporation and simultaneously‐incorporation nanocomposites). These novel nanocomposite films can be considered as a good candidate for the packaging industry.
Strain‐sensing behavior of flexible polypropylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites under cyclic tensile deformation
Authors: Zhao Zhongguo , Shen Siyang , Li Yapeng , Zhang Xin , Su Juqiao , Li Huan , Ai Taotao , Tang Dahang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the associations between the structural evolution and physical properties of polypropylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (PP/POE/MWCNTs) composites were established. The MWCNTs particles preferentially migrating from PP matrix to disperse in POE phase, which contributed to a richer network structure, thus resulting in a significant improvement for electrical conductivity, as well thermal stability, and toughness property with the elongation at break from 300% to 800%. Furthermore, the online strain‐resistance analysis showed that introducing POE phase had a big advantage in improving the recovering resilience and stability of the conductive network structure of PP/POE/MWCNTs composites under a multi‐time circular tensile test with a strain of 5%. It was highlighted that the maximum and minimum electrical conductivity levels of PP/POE composites remained almost constant and even the ratio of the real‐time resistance to the initial one was negative just at the beginning of each circulation regarding the strain stretching and recovery. This was attributed to the oriented conductive network structure of PP/POE nanocomposites induced by the applied strain, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity. Overall, this research provides a basic guidance for preparing composites with ultrahigh flexibility and stability under a circular deformation, which is an essential element taken into consideration for smart sensors with high sensitivity.
Photolysis and thermolysis of (iodomethyl)cyclopropane: Rapid ring opening of cyclopropylcarbinyl via heavy‐atom tunneling?
Authors: Schleif Tim , Sander Wolfram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUV photolysis of (iodomethyl)cyclopropane yielded 3‐buten‐1‐yl instead of cyclopropylcarbinyl, the expected product of photolytic C‐I bond cleavage. This result suggests that the ring opening of the intermediate cyclopropylcarbinyl even at T ~10 K proceeds too fast to be measured via this technique. This finding is in agreement with earlier theoretical studies which predicted the rapid decay of cyclopropylcarbinyl via heavy‐atom tunneling. In an attempt to rule out the potential of secondary photochemistry enabling the ring opening, flash vacuum thermolysis experiments were also performed. However, those resulted in butadiene as sole product, in both its thermodynamically favored trans‐ and the higher‐energy gauche‐conformation.
Observed Antibody Space: A diverse database of cleaned, annotated, and translated unpaired and paired antibody sequences
Authors: Olsen Tobias H. , Boyles Fergus , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe antibody repertoires of individuals and groups have been used to explore disease states, understand vaccine responses, and drive therapeutic development. The arrival of B‐cell receptor repertoire sequencing has enabled researchers to get a snapshot of these antibody repertoires, and as more data are generated, increasingly in‐depth studies are possible. However, most publicly available data only exist as raw FASTQ files, making the data hard to access, process, and compare. The Observed Antibody Space (OAS) database was created in 2018 to offer clean, annotated, and translated repertoire data. In this paper, we describe an update to OAS that has been driven by the increasing volume of data and the appearance of paired (VH/VL) sequence data. OAS is now accessible via a new web server, with standardized search parameters and a new sequence‐based search option. The new database provides both nucleotides and amino acids for every sequence, with additional sequence annotations to make the data Minimal Information about Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire compliant, and comments on potential problems with the sequence. OAS now contains 25 new studies, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 data and paired sequencing data. The new database is accessible at http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/oas/, and all data are freely available for download.
Blurring the boundaries of home: Community eldercare centres as institutional homes in urban China
Authors: Yu Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScholars who study aging in place generally understand home care and community care as distinct but interrelated concepts. They conceptualise home narrowly as a place with defined boundaries that differentiate ‘home’ from ‘unhome’. In this paper, I propose the term ‘institutional home’ to describe a space with fluid boundaries between home and unhome that incorporates aspects of both. Here, ‘home’ is not exclusive to private residential places and homely feelings, but could be constituted outside the private home, with a combination of homely and unhomely feelings. Employing discourse analysis of interviews with older adults and staff, I examine how older adults experience community eldercare centres in China as an institutional home where the practice and meaning of home go beyond one particular space or setting, becoming both home and unhome. This paper contributes to the aging‐in‐place literature by investigating an expanded understanding of home for older adults.
Statistical Correlation Between Quantum Entanglement and Spin–Orbit Coupling in Crossed Beam Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Li Junxu , Sajjan Manas , Kale Sumit Suresh , Kais Sabre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐classical features like interference are already being harnessed to control the output of chemical reactions. However, quantum entanglement which is an equally enigmatic many‐body quantum correlation can also be used as a powerful resource yet has eluded explicit attention. In this report, an experimental scheme under the crossed beam molecular dynamical setup, with the F + HD reaction, is proposed aiming to study the possible influence of entanglement within reactant pairs on the angular features of the product distribution. The aforesaid reaction has garnered interest recently, as an unusual horseshoe shape pattern in the product (HF) distribution was observed, which has been attributed to the coupling of spin and orbital degrees of freedom. An experimental scheme is proposed aiming to study the possible influence of entanglement on the necessity for the inclusion of such spin–orbit characteristics, under circumstances wherein the existence of entanglement and spin–orbit interaction is simultaneously detectable. The attainable results are further numerically simulated highlighting specific patterns corresponding to various possibilities. Such studies if extended can provide unforeseen mechanistic insight into analogous reactions, too, from the lens of quantum information.
Integration and appropriability: A study of process and product components within a firm's innovation portfolio
Authors: Toh Puay Khoon , Ahuja Gautam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how and when integration of process and product components within a firm's innovation portfolio increases firm returns. Strategy literature argues that integration enhances the firm's appropriation of returns from innovations. We evaluate this argument recognizing that integration is but one of multiple appropriation tools; firms can also use other (e.g., scale‐based) mechanisms to enhance appropriation. Using new measures of integration based on textual coding of patent claims, we demonstrate that while higher process–product integration improves firm performance, this effect diminishes when the firm has greater production capacity or access to markets. Further, high integration lowers innovative productivity. Together, these demonstrations explain why firms, even with awareness of the benefits of integration between components, may not all choose high‐integration strategies.Managerial SummaryHow should a manager design, structure, and organize the firm's innovation portfolio—as a collection of separate standalone process and product innovations, or a set of innovations each containing both new process and product attributes? Using data from the global chemicals industry and new textual‐coding‐based measures, we demonstrate that the latter helps the firm appropriate returns to its innovations by making it harder for others to understand and replicate its innovations, but that it comes with a tradeoff of lower innovative productivity. We stress that latter approach is less useful when the firm has other scale‐based tools in place, that enhance appropriation as well, such as large production capacity or reach to markets.
In Situ Growing BCN Nanotubes on Carbon Fibers for Novel High‐Temperature Supercapacitor with Excellent Cycling Performance
Authors: Liang Zhenyan , Tu Huayao , Shi Dong , Chen Fuzhou , Jiang Hehe , Shao Yongliang , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have elicited much research interest in the energy storage field, but most of them cannot be used at high temperatures. Thus, a supercapacitor with high energy and desired stability at high temperatures is urgently required. Herein, BCN nanotubes (BCNNTs) with excellent performance at high temperatures are generated on carbon fibers by optimizing the ratio of B and N. The nanotubes’ morphology can effectively alleviate the structural damage caused by the rapid adsorption/desorption of the electrolyte during long‐time charge/discharge cycles at high temperatures, thus improving the high‐temperature cycle stability. The symmetric supercapacitors that are assembled with the binder‐free BCNNT electrode in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM·BF4) exhibited a high areal capacitance of 177.1 mF cm−2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, and capacitance retention is maintained up to 86.1% for 5000 cycles at 100 °C. Moreover, the flexible supercapacitor based on BCNNTs in poly(vinylidenefluoride hexafluoropropylene)/EMIM·BF4/succinonitrile gel electrolyte also exhibits good volumetric capacitance (1.98 mWh cm−3 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2) and cycling stability (92.6% retention after 200 charge/discharge cycles) at a temperature of 100 °C. This work shows that binder‐free BCNNTs are promising materials for high‐temperature flexible energy storage devices.
Nucleotide‐Tackified Organohydrogel Electrolyte for Environmentally Self‐Adaptive Flexible Supercapacitor with Robust Electrolyte/Electrode Interface
Authors: Zhang Qin , Hou Xulin , Liu Xin , Xie Xuan , Duan Lijie , Lü Wei , Gao Guanghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes have attracted enormous attention in flexible and safe supercapacitors. However, the interfacial contact problem between hydrogel electrolyte and electrodes, and the environmental instability are the key factors restricting the development of hydrogel‐based supercapacitors. Here, a nucleotide‐tackified adhesive organohydrogel electrolyte is successfully constructed and exhibits freezing resistance and water‐holding ability based on the water/glycerol binary solvent system. Adenosine monophosphate enables the organohydrogels to possess outstanding adhesion and mechanical robustness. The robust adhesion can ensure close contact between the organohydrogel electrolyte and electrodes for constructing an all‐in‐one supercapacitor with low interfacial contact resistance. Impressively, the integrated organohydrogel‐based supercapacitors display an areal specific capacitance of 163.6 mF cm−2. Besides, the supercapacitors feature prominent environmental stability with capacitance retention of 90.6% after 5000 charging/discharging cycles at −20 °C. Furthermore, based on the strong interfacial adhesion, the supercapacitors present excellent electrochemical stability without delamination/displacement between electrolyte and electrodes even under severe deformations such as bending and twisting. It is anticipated that this work will provide an encouraging way for developing flexible energy storage devices with electrochemical stability and environmental adaptability.
Polymerization‐Induced Helicity Inversion Driven by Stacking Modes and Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxiao , Miao Tengfei , Ma Haotian , Zhang Jiandong , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRegulating the mutual stacking arrangements is of great interest for understanding the origin of chirality at different hierarchical levels in nature. Different from molecular level chirality, the control and manipulation of hierarchical chirality in polymer systems is limited to the use of external factors as the energetically demanding switching stimulus. Herein, the first self‐assembly strategy of polymerization‐induced helicity inversion (PIHI), in which the controlled packing and dynamic stereomutation of azobenzene (Azo) building blocks are realized by in situ polymerization without any external stimulus, is reported. A multiple helicity inversion and intriguing helix–helix transition of polymeric supramolecular nanofibers occurs during polymerization, which is collectively confirmed to be mediated by the transition between functionality‐oriented π–π stacking, H‐, and J‐aggregation. The studies further reveal that helicity inversion proceeds through a delicate interplay of the thermodynamically and kinetically controlled, pathway‐dependent interconversion process, which should provide new insight into the origin and handedness control of helical nanostructures with desired chirality.
Effective Repeatable Mechanoluminescence in Heterostructured Li1−xNaxNbO3: Pr3+
Authors: Yang Xiuxia , Liu Rong , Xu Xuhui , Liu Zhichao , Sun Mingzi , Yan Wei , Peng Dengfeng , Xu Chao‐Nan , Huang Bolong , Tu Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) is a striking optical phenomenon that is achieved through mechanical to optical energy conversion. Here, a series of Li1−xNaxNbO3: Pr3+ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) ML materials have been developed. In particular, due to the formation of heterostructure, the synthesized Li0.5Na0.5NbO3: Pr3+ effectively couples the trap structures and piezoelectric property to realize the highly repeatable ML performance without traditional preirradiation process. Furthermore, the ML performances measured under sunlight irradiation and preheating confirm that the ML properties of Li0.5Na0.5NbO3: Pr3+ can be ascribed to the dual modes of luminescence mechanism, including both trap‐controllable and self‐recoverable modes. In addition, DFT calculations further confirm that the doping of Na+ ions in LiNbO3 leads to electronic modulations by the formation of the heterostructures, which optimizes the trap distributions and concentrations. These modulations improve the electron transfer efficiency to promote ML performances. This work has supplied significant references for future design and synthesis of efficient ML materials for broad applications.
The Dynamic Interactions between Nanoparticles and Macrophages Impact Their Fate in Brain Tumors
Authors: Feng Qishuai , Xu Xianyun , Wei Chen , Li Yingze , Wang Min , Lv Cheng , Wu Jiaojiao , Dai Yalei , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. , Fan Haiming , Zhang Ling , Cheng Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFunctional nanomaterials such as iron oxide nanoparticles have been extensively explored for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. However, an insufficient understanding of the comprehensive nanomaterial‐biological interactions in the brain hinders the nanomaterials from meeting the medical requirements for translational research. Here, FDA‐approved ferumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle, is chosen as the model nanomaterial for a systematic study of the dynamic interactions between ferumoxytol and immune cells, including microglia and macrophages, in the brain tumors. Strikingly, up to 90% of intratumorally injected ferumoxytol nanoparticles are recognized and phagocytized by tumor‐associated microglia and macrophages. The dynamic trafficking progress of ferumoxytol in microglia and macrophages, including scavenger receptor‐mediated endocytosis, lysosomal internalization, and extracellular vesicle‐dominated excretion, is further studied. Importantly, the results demonstrate that extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated nanoparticles could be gradually eliminated from the brain along with cerebrospinal fluid circulation over 21 days. Moreover, ferumoxytol exhibits no obvious long‐term neurological toxicity after its injection. The study suggests that the dynamic biointeractions of nanoparticles with immune cells in the brain exert a key rate‐limiting impact on the efficiency of targeting tumor cells and their in vivo fate and thus provide a deeper understanding of the nanomaterials in the brain for clinical applications.
Single‐Crystal‐Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide Modified by Phosphate Coating Boosting Interfacial Stability of Li10SnP2S12‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Jiang Zhao , Cai Dan , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) adopting sulfide electrolytes and high‐voltage layered oxide cathodes have moved into the mainstream owing to their superior safety and immense potential in high energy density. However, the poor electrochemical compatibility between oxide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes remains a challenge for high‐performance ASSLBs. In this study, a nanoscale Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) phosphate coating is reasonably constructed on the surface of single‐crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 particles to achieve cathode/electrolyte interfacial stability. The conformal LATP layer with inherent high‐voltage stability can effectively suppress the oxidation decomposition of the electrolyte and demonstrate chemical inertness to both the oxide cathode and Li10SnP2S12 electrolyte. ASSLBs with an LATP‐modified cathode exhibited a high initial discharge capacity (152.1 mAh g−1), acceptable rate capability, and superior cycling performance with a capacity retention of 87.6% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Interfacial modification is an effective approach for achieving high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSLBs with superior interfacial stability.
Flexible, Self‐Supported Anode for Organic Batteries with a Matched Hierarchical Current Collector System for Boosted Current Density
Authors: Beladi‐Mousavi Seyyed Mohsen , Klein Jonas , Ciobanu Marius , Sadaf Shamaila , Mahmood Arsalan Mado , Walder Lorenz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe inherent flexibility of redox‐active organic polymers and carbon‐based fillers, combined with flexible current collectors (CCs) is ideal for the fabrication of flexible batteries. Herein, a one‐step electrophoretic deposition of polyviologen (PV)/graphene‐oxide (GO) aqueous composites onto a flexible mesh of 60 µm thick wires, 100 µm apart, is described. Notably, during electrodeposition, GO is transformed into conductive reduced GO (rGO), and nanoscopic pores are formed by self‐assembly allowing charge/discharge of the redox sites over dozens of micrometers. Typically, electrodeposition of PV alone on a flat CC (FCC) is limited by its electrically insulating structure to ≈0.15 mAh cm−2, but the presence of rGO allows thicker active layers without loss in (dis‐)charging kinetics and reaching areal capacities of ≈2 mAh cm−2. Remarkably, when the FCC is replaced by a mesh, the deposition of significantly more anode materials (≈5 mAh cm−2) is possible, while the (dis‐)charging kinetics is considerably improved. It exhibits high capacity retention at an ultrafast rate of 100 C (<3%) and excellent bending stabilities. This represents the first combination of a microscopic‐CC (mesh wires) with a molecular‐electronic and ‐ionic conductor (rGO with its pores), i.e., a hierarchical‐CC system with maximized polymer thickness and minimized wire thickness. The stacking of such modified grids paves the road to further increase the areal capacity.
Alkylsilyl Fused Ring‐Based Polymer Donor for Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells with Record Open Circuit Voltage and Energy Loss
Authors: Huang Bin , Cheng Yujun , Jin Hui , Liu Jiabin , Huang Xuexiang , Cui Yongjie , Liao Xunfan , Yang Changduk , Ma Zaifei , Chen Lie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe energy loss (Eloss), especially the nonradiative recombination loss and energetic disorder, needs to be minimized to improve the device performance with a small voltage (VOC) loss. Urbach energy (EU) of organic photovoltaic materials is related to energetic disorder, which can predict the Eloss of the corresponding device. Herein, a polymer donor (PBDS‐TCl) with Si and Cl functional atoms for organic solar cells (OSCs) is synthesized. It can be found that the VOC and Eloss can be well manipulated by regulation of the energy level of the polymer donor and EU, which is dominated by the morphology. A low energetic disorder with an EU of 23.7 meV, a low driving force of 0.08 eV, and a low Eloss of 0.41 eV are achieved for the PBDS‐TCl:Y6‐based OSCs. Consequently, an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.92 V is obtained. To the best of knowledge, the VOC value and Eloss are both the record values for the Y6‐based device. These results demonstrate that fine‐tuning the polymer donor by functional atom modification on the side chain is a promising way to reduce EU and energy loss, as well as obtain small driving force and high VOC for highly efficient OSCs.