bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Physiological Adaptations After a Microcycle of Short Intervals Versus Long Intervals in Cyclists
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Øfsteng Sjur J. , Zambolin Fabio , Raastad Truls , Hammarström Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the effects of a 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle composed of either 5 short-interval sessions (SI; n = 9, 5 series with 12 × 30-s work intervals interspersed with 15-s recovery and 3-min recovery between series) or 5 long-interval sessions (LI; n = 8, 6 series of 5-min work intervals with 2.5-min recovery between series) on indicators of endurance performance in well-trained cyclists. Methods: Before and following 6 days with standardized training loads after the 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle, both groups were tested in physiological determinants of endurance performance. Results: From pretraining to posttraining, SI achieved a larger improvement than LI in maximal oxygen uptake (5.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–10.3; P = .015) and power output at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–7.4; P = .038). There were no group differences in changes of fractional use of maximal oxygen uptake at a workload corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1, gross efficiency, or the 1-minute peak power output from the maximal-oxygen-uptake test. Conclusion: The SI protocol may induce superior changes in indicators of endurance performance compared with the LI protocol, indicating that SI can be a good strategy during a 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle in well-trained cyclists.
Heterogeneous Catalyst Based on Phosphine-Containing Organic Polymer for Hydroformylation of Octene-1
Authors: Gorbunov D. N. , Nenasheva M. V. , Matsukevich R. P. , Terenina M. V. , Kardasheva Yu. S. , Karakhanov E. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A phosphine-containing porous polymer (TPDB), and a rhodium catalyst based on
it, were synthesized. Proceeding from the relevant TEM, NMR, IR spectroscopy,
and XPS data obtained, it was assumed that both the Rh(I) complexes and the
Rh(0) nanoparticles that are stabilized in the polymer pores act as the
catalyst’s active phase. The size of the nanoparticles (2–6 nm) is consistent
with that of the polymer pores. The catalyst was tested in a model reaction of
octene-1 hydroformylation at 2.0 MPa (CO : H2 = 1 : 1) in
the temperature range of 60–120°C. It was demonstrated that the catalyst can be
used repeatedly, and its activity remains constant from the third cycle of its
use (aldehyde yield about 30% for 5 h, n/iso 2.5).
The Delay in Cavity Formation in the Intrusive Mode of Coalescence of a Freely Falling Drop with a Target Liquid
Authors: Chashechkin Yu. D. , Ilinykh A. Yu. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of a cavity formed in the intrusive mode of coalescence of a freely falling drop flowing smoothly into a liquid have been traced for the first time by the methods of photo and video registration. The cavity begins to form when the bottom part of the drop submerges, when the fluid coalescence line contracts to the center of the flow, and, simultaneously with the annihilation of the drop surface, the surface of the target liquid is restored. In this case, the orientation of ligaments (thin trickles), formed in the vicinity of the contact line changes. At the initial phase, they are directed outward and distribute the transmitted momentum and energy of the drop over the entire surface of the intrusion. Retraction of the coalescence line holds the transmitted energy and momentum of the drop in the contact patch. If the kinetic energy of the falling drop noticeably exceeds the potential surface energy, the cavity begins to form at the initial contact of the fluids and deepens in the course of the entire coalescence process, capturing the drop matter.
Is studying medicine good for your health? Long-term health outcomes of a cohort of clinical medicine graduates in England and Wales in the ONS Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shelton Nicola , Duke-Williams Oliver , van der Erve Laura , Britton Jack , Xun Wei 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify the potential protective effect on health associated with study of a clinical medicine degree.DesignProspective population-based cohort data collected at census and linked over time: cohort born before 1976 and survived to 2011. Subgroup analysis on those who reported having a degree at 1991 census.SettingEngland and Wales population-based, including institutions.Participants159 116 men and 174 062 women; 13 390 men with degrees and 8143 women with degrees.Main outcome measureSelf-reported general health in 2011 based on logistic regression analysis.ResultsMale graduates had 92% higher odds of having good or very good health than male non-graduates after adjustment for age and socioeconomic position (CI 1.82 to 2.03). Female graduates had 85% higher odds of having good or very good health than female non-graduates after adjustment for age and socioeconomic position (CI 1.73 to 1.98). Male clinical medicine graduates had 45% higher odds of having good or very good health than male humanities graduates after adjustment for age and socioeconomic position (CI 1.09 to 1.92). Male physical sciences graduates also had higher odds of having good or very good health than male humanities graduates after adjustment for age and socioeconomic position, but life sciences and social science graduates did not. There were no significant differences by degree subject for women.ConclusionsMale graduates in clinical medicine have higher odds of good self-reported health. Knowledge of medicine may confer a health advantage for men above that of other degrees.
Impact of a Pozzi tenaculum forceps use on the success rate of intrauterine insemination (IUI) : protocol for a randomised control trial
Authors: Dufour Stephanie , Viau Mathieu , Côté Maxime , Lefebvre Jessica , Maheux-Lacroix Sarah , Bergeron Marie-Ève 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionA therapeutic option frequently proposed for infertility is to proceed first with intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Little is known on the effect of uterine contractions on IUI success rates. We postulated that uterine contractions may help with sperm migration in the women’s genital tract. Our objective is to compare the efficacy of IUI when performed with and without a tenaculum forceps on the cervix.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a randomised controlled trial with women aged 18–40 years old, diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility due to endometriosis, mild to moderate male factor, unexplained infertility or ovulatory dysfunction, receiving IUI treatments. On the day of their IUI, women will receive standard care treatment plus or minus the planned use of a Pozzi tenaculum forceps on the cervix. Each of the 800 women will be randomised only once for their first three IUI. They will be randomised in one of the following sequences: tenaculum—no tenaculum—tenaculum or, no tenaculum—tenaculum—no tenaculum. We will compare the live birth rate (primary outcome) and the clinical pregnancy rate (secondary outcome) after IUI treatment. We also plan on assessing global satisfaction of women, pain levels felt during IUI and discrepancies in primary and secondary outcomes in interventions performed by attendings compared with trainees.Ethics and disseminationThis research project was approved by the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec’s ethics review board (no 2018–4084). Pozzi tenaculum application is associated with mild pain, estimated at 33 on a Visual Analogue Scale ranging from 0 to 100. We plan on publishing an article to present our findings in a peer-reviewed journal as well as presenting the research abstract at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03435809.
Metro and elderly health in Hong Kong: protocol for a natural experiment study in a high-density city
Authors: Sun Guibo , Du Yao , Ni Michael Y , Zhao Jianting , Webster Chris 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPublic transport accessible to older people may offer a transformative solution to achieving healthy ageing. However, the evidence to support such transport infrastructure modifications is unclear. Previous studies on public transport use and elderly health were mostly observational studies using cross-sectional data. Few studies have examined the before-and-after effects of a new metro, for example, to see if it leads to improved elderly health.Methods and analysisWe use a new metro line in Hong Kong as a natural experiment to examine the impact of the metro-led public transport intervention on elderly health. In Hong Kong, more than 90% of daily travels are made by public transport. The public transport modifications consist of the new metro line with eight stations and changes in the walking environment and bus services around the stations. We will look at the before-and-after differences in public transport use and health outcomes between elderly participants living in treatment neighbourhoods (400 m walking buffered areas of the new metro stations) and in control groups (living in comparable areas but unaffected by the new metro). Questionnaire-based baseline data were collected in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, while some qualitative interviews are ongoing. Amid the pandemic, we conducted a quick telephone-based survey of COVID-19’s potential impact on public transport use behaviours of our elderly cohort in September 2020. Note there is no lockdown in Hong Kong until the writing of the paper (January 2021). After the new metro opens, we will conduct a follow-up survey, tentatively in late 2022. We aim to investigate if the new metro and the associated changes in the built environment have any effects on public transport use behaviours, physical activity and wider health outcomes among the elderly (eg, social inclusion, quality of life, subjective well-being).Ethics and disseminationThe Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong reviewed and approved the study procedures and materials (reference number: EA1710040). Results will be communicated through scientific papers and research reports.
Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions and mortality in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: interrupted time series analysis
Authors: McIntosh Amy , Bachmann Max , Siedner Mark J , Gareta Dickman , Seeley Janet , Herbst Kobus 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of lockdown during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on daily all-cause admissions, and by age and diagnosis subgroups, and the odds of all-cause mortality in a hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).DesignObservational cohort.SettingReferral hospital for 17 primary care clinics in uMkhanyakude District.ParticipantsData collected by the Africa Health Research Institute on all admissions from 1 January to 20 October: 5848 patients contributed to 6173 admissions.ExposureFive levels of national lockdown in South Africa from 27 March 2020, with restrictions decreasing from levels 5 to 1, respectively.Outcome measuresChanges and trends in daily all-cause admissions and risk of in-hospital mortality before and at each stage of lockdown, estimated by Poisson and logistic interrupted time series regression, with stratification for age, sex and diagnosis.ResultsDaily admissions decreased during level 5 lockdown for infants (incidence rate ratio (IRR) compared with prelockdown 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90), children aged 1–5 years old (IRR 0.43, 95% CI 028 to 0.65) and respiratory diagnoses (IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.90). From level 4 to level 3, total admissions increased (IRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), as well as for men >19 years (IRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.92) and respiratory diagnoses (IRR 4.26, 95% CI 2.36 to 7.70). Among patients admitted to hospital, the odds of death decreased during level 5 compared with prelockdown (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.83) and then increased in later stages.ConclusionsLevel 5 lockdown is likely to have prevented the most vulnerable population, children under 5 years and those more severely ill from accessing hospital care in rural KZN, as reflected by the drop in admissions and odds of mortality. Subsequent increases in admissions and in odds of death in the hospital could be due to improved and delayed access to hospital as restrictions were eased.
Efficacy of one time per day, single-inhaler indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone in patients with inadequately controlled asthma: post hoc analysis of IRIDIUM study in Asian population
Authors: Sagara Hironori , Barbier Nathalie , Ishii Tsuyoshi , Yoshisue Hajime , Nikolaev Ivan , Hosoe Motoi , Gon Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Background and objectiveThe 52-week IRIDIUM study demonstrated the efficacy of indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone furoate (IND/GLY/MF) versus IND/MF and salmeterol xinafoate/fluticasone propionate (SAL/FLU) in patients with symptomatic asthma, despite long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) medium-dose or high-dose, predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <80% and at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Here, we present data from a post hoc analysis of the IRIDIUM study in the Asian subpopulation.MethodsThis post hoc analysis evaluated improvements in lung function, asthma control and reduction in asthma exacerbations with IND/GLY/MF medium- (150/50/80 µg) and high-dose (150/50/160 µg) versus IND/MF medium- (150/160 µg) and high-dose (150/320 µg), all one time per day and SAL/FLU high-dose (50/500 µg) two times per day, in Asian patients from the IRIDIUM study.ResultsIn total, 258 patients (IND/GLY/MF medium-dose, 52; IND/GLY/MF high-dose, 52; IND/MF medium-dose, 51; IND/MF high-dose, 51; SAL/FLU high-dose, 52) were included. IND/GLY/MF medium- and high-dose showed greater improvement in trough FEV1at week 26 versus respective doses of IND/MF (Δ, 100 mL and 101 mL; both p<0.05, respectively), and SAL/FLU high-dose (Δ, 125 mL; p=0.0189, and 136 mL; p=0.0118, respectively), which were maintained over 52 weeks. Both doses of IND/GLY/MF showed greater improvement in morning and evening peak expiratory flow versus respective doses of IND/MF and SAL/FLU high-dose at week 52. The changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 scores from baseline were comparable in all treatment groups. IND/GLY/MF medium- and high-dose showed greater reductions in severe (34%, 69%), moderate or severe (18%, 54%) and all exacerbations (21%, 34%) compared with SAL/FLU high-dose over 52 weeks.ConclusionOne time per day, single-inhaler IND/GLY/MF improved lung function, reduced asthma exacerbations and provided comparable asthma control versus IND/MF and SAL/FLU in Asian patients with inadequately controlled asthma despite LABA/ICS. The results of this analysis were consistent with the overall population in the IRIDIUM study.
Human CD141+dendritic cells (cDC1) are impaired in patients with advanced melanoma but can be targeted to enhance anti-PD-1 in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Lee Yoke Seng , O'Brien Liam J , Walpole Carina M , Pearson Frances E , Leal-Rojas Ingrid M , Masterman Kelly-Anne , Atkinson Victoria , Barbour Andrew , Radford Kristen J 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe conventional type 1 dendritic cell subset (cDC1) is indispensable for tumor immune responses and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in animal models but little is known about the role of the human CD141+DC cDC1 equivalent in patients with melanoma.MethodsWe developed a flow cytometry assay to quantify and characterize human blood DC subsets in healthy donors and patients with stage 3 and stage 4 metastatic melanoma. To examine whether harnessing CD141+DCs could improve responses to ICIs in human melanoma, we developed a humanized mouse model by engrafting immunodeficient NSG-SGM3 mice with human CD34+hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from umbilical cord blood followed by transplantation of a human melanoma cell line and treatment with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1).ResultsBlood CD141+DC numbers were significantly reduced in patients with stage 4 melanoma compared with healthy controls. Moreover, CD141+DCs in patients with melanoma were selectively impaired in their ability to upregulate CD83 expression after stimulation with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7/8 agonists ex vivo. Although DC numbers did not correlate with responses to anti-PD-1 and/or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ICIs, their numbers and capacity to upregulate CD83 declined further during treatment in non-responding patients. Treatment with anti-PD-1 was ineffective at controlling tumor growth in humanized mice but efficacy was enhanced by indirectly expanding and activating DCs in vivo withfms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L) and a TLR3 agonist. Moreover, intratumoral injections of CD141+DCs resulted in reduced tumor growth when combined with anti-PD-1 treatment.ConclusionsThese data illustrate quantitative and qualitative impairments in circulating CD141+DCs in patients with advanced melanoma and that increasing CD141+DC number and function is an attractive strategy to enhance immunogenicity and response rates to ICIs.
Incidence and predictors of prosthesis–patient mismatch after TAVI using SAPIEN 3 in Asian: differences between the newer and older balloon-expandable valve
Authors: Miyasaka Masaki , Tada Norio , Taguri Masataka , Kato Shigeaki , Enta Yusuke , Hata Masaki , Watanabe Yusuke , Naganuma Toru , Yamawaki Masahiro , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Ueno Hiroshi , Mizutani Kazuki , Tabata Minoru , Takagi Kensuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 (S3) is superior to the older-generation balloon-expandable SAPIEN XT (XT) in a lower incidence of paravalvular aortic regurgitation, lower complication rates and better survival in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) more frequently occurs in S3 than XT. Further, little information is available on PPM after TAVI using S3 in Asians. This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of PPM in S3 by focusing on the difference between S3 and XT using data from a Japanese multicentre registry.MethodsFrom the Optimised transCathEter vAlvular iNtervention-TAVI (OCEAN-TAVI) registry, 2134 patients undergoing TAVI using S3 or XT were included. PPM was defined as moderate if ≧0.65 but ≦0.85 cm2/m2or severe if <0.65 cm2/m2at the indexed effective orifice area by postprocedural echocardiography.ResultsThe incidence of moderate and severe PPM in S3 was 13.3% and 1.3%, respectively. The 20 mm transcatheter heart valve (THV) was more frequently used in S3 than XT (7.4% vs 2.4%, p<0.0001). PPM was more frequently observed in S3 than XT (14.7% vs 8.8%, p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed S3 predicted PPM (OR 1.92 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.74), p=0.0003). The mutual predictors for PPM between S3 and XT were younger age, larger body surface area, smaller aortic valve area, no balloon postdilatation and the use of 20 mm and 23 mm THV. When comparing 23 mm, 26 mm and 29 mm S3, the ORs of 20 mm S3 were 5.67 (95% CI 2.88 to 11.12), 19.24 (95% CI 8.13 to 46.86) and 51.03 (95% CI 12.28 to 280.77), respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of PPM after TAVI using S3 was 14.6% overall in this Asian population. PPM was more frequently observed in S3 than XT. A considerable number of patients were treated by the 20 mm S3 in an Asian cohort. The 20 mm THV was identified as a strong predictor for PPM.
Yukon Flats Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element, East-Central Alaska
Authors: Stanley Richard G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Yukon Flats is a vast and remote lowland that straddles the Arctic Circle, and is located along the Yukon River in east-central Alaska. Seismic reflection and gravity data indicate that low-density sedimentary strata beneath Yukon Flats are as thick as 8 km and are underlain by Jurassic–Devonian oceanic rocks of the Angayucham–Tozitna terrane. On the basis of shallow core-hole penetrations and by analogy with nearby outcrops, the low-density strata are thought to consist of fluvial and lacustrine deposits of Neogene, Paleogene and, possibly, Late Cretaceous age. No deep petroleum exploration wells have been drilled in Yukon Flats, but a coalbed methane test reached a total depth of nearly 700 m and found small amounts of microbial methane. Geochemical data from outcrops and shallow core holes suggest that potential source rocks include non-marine coal, mudstone and shale, whereas potential reservoirs include non-marine sandstone and conglomerate. Numerous potential structural and stratigraphic traps are evident on seismic profiles. The United States Geological Survey estimates that undiscovered, technically recoverable, oil resources in the Yukon Flats Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element range from 0 to almost 600 MMbo, and that undiscovered, technically recoverable, gas resources range from 0 to almost 15 Tcf.
South Chukchi–Hope Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Chukchi Sea
Authors: Skaryatin Mikhail V. , Bulgakova Ekaterina A. , Verzhbitskiy Vladimir E. , Malyshev Nikolay A. , Obmetko Viktor V. , Borodulin Alexey A. , Ikhsanov Bulat I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The South Chukchi–Hope Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) rests on the Neocomian folded basement formed as a result of the South Anyui palaeo-ocean closure. The interpretation of 2D seismic data, as well as results of onshore structural field studies and dating of post-kinematic granite plutons, suggest post-collisional extensional/transtensional regimes potentially driving development of the South Chukchi–Hope Basin. The orogenic collapse occurred during the Aptian–Albian, and was followed by continued polyphase extensional/transtensional regime during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Depositional environments in the basin were most likely to have been non-marine in the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, and marine from the Late Oligocene (?)–Miocene onwards. Three onshore wells in the adjacent depocentres penetrated Tertiary sediments and have had gas shows from two sites. Geochemical surveys registered anomalies of thermogenic and biogenic methane, and in some instances higher molecular ethane–penthane gases in sea-bottom sediments above gas chimneys observed on seismic lines. The CTSE is characterized by a very high present-day thermal gradient of up to 48°C km
−1
recorded in the Alaskan wells and was previously considered to be gas prone.