bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diet‐derived polyphenol EGCG on neurotensin response upon HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cells acquisition of a macrophage‐like phenotype
Authors: Dao Tiziana , Annabi Borhane 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe activation of a neurotensin (NTS)/neurotensin receptor (NTSR) axis in T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells suggests that NTS could modulate immune response and trigger prosurvival signaling in malignant human B lymphocytes. Such axis can therefore represent a potential therapeutic target in chronic B cell leukemia.MethodsIn this study, analysis of NTS and NTSR1‐3 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients using Kaplan‐Meyer plots specifically highlighted NTS and NTSRs as poor clinical prognosis biomarkers. NTSRs gene and protein expression was also explored in undifferentiated and upon phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐mediated differentiation of HL‐60 suspension cells, an acute promyelocytic leukemia subset cell line model from AML, into CD11b+/CD14− adherent macrophages.ResultsWe found that high NTS internalization correlated with increased matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression, and basal macrophage cell migration. Whereas NTS dose‐dependently enhanced undifferentiated HL‐60 cells chemotaxis, it rather inhibited cell migration in differentiated macrophages through decreased Erk, MEK and Src signaling pathways. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a diet‐derived polyphenol with anti‐inflammatory and chemopreventive properties, prevented PMA‐induced CD11b expression and NTS internalization.ConclusionsOur study evidences specific regulation and role for NTS receptors in HL‐60 differentiated macrophages, which could in part account for their contribution to immune evasion or tumor‐associated inflammation, and be prevented by the anti‐cancer property of diet‐derived polyphenols.Support or Funding InformationFunding: UQAM Foundation and Chaire in Cancer Prevention and TreatmentThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of weight bearing and thermal conditions on equine digital hemodynamics
Authors: Stokes Ashley Michelle , Keowen Michael L , Eades Susan C , Moore Rustin M 
Published: June 2021

Laminitis, a common equine disease, can develop secondary to painful contralateral limb conditions (i.e. Kentucky Derby winner 'Barbaro'). It is hypothesized that blood flow alterations, laminar structural failure (from excessive weight), or a combination are responsible.The goals were to examine the effects of weight‐bearing and thermal conditions on equine digital hemodynamics.8 horses were instrumented with a Doppler ultrasonic probe around the palmar digital artery and catheters in the palmar artery and digital vein. We measured digital hemodynamics and administered 15 um isotopic microspheres into the palmar arterial circulation under these conditions:Weight equally‐balancedWeight off of instrumented leg (zero loading)Weight on instrumented leg (full loading)Normal hoof temperature (32 ° C)Cold hoof temperature (10 ° C)Warm hoof temperature (54 ° C)There was a significant effect of weight and temperature on laminar microspheres (p < 0.0001). This data demonstrates full loading results in decreased laminar perfusion. Additionally, ice therapy decreases and warm therapy increases perfusion. Interestingly, blood flow at the fetlock level, palmar arterial and digital venous pressures did not change. This demonstrates weight‐bearing and thermal conditions change blood flow reaching the laminar tissues and change the state of arteriovenous anastomoses.Funding by Morris Animal Foundation.
Peer Instruction Benefits High‐, Middle‐, And Low‐ Performing Students
Authors: Giuliodori Mauricio Javier 
Published: June 2021

Peer instruction was used in our veterinary physiology course (N: 101) to test the hypothesis that peer instruction enhances the performance of high‐, middle‐, and low‐ performing students. Each class of 90 min. was divided into four to six short segments (~15 min) that were followed by a qualitative problem solving quiz. Students answered the quizzes individually and then in groups of 2 ‐ 4. Individual and group scores for every student were recorded. Students were stratified, based on the individual scores, into quartiles and classified as high‐ (HPS), upper middle‐ (UMPS), lower middle‐ (LMPS), and lower performing students (LPS). Paired T test (individual vs. group scores) and Hedge's method for effect size were used. Results are showed in Table below. In conclusion, peer instruction enhanced the performance for high‐, middle‐, and low‐ performing students, and its effects were greater when the student scores were low.Effect of Peer Instruction on student performance in a Veterinary Physiology course.
Beneficial cardiac effects of enalapril in postmenopausal hypertensive rats
Authors: Zilberman Judith Miriam , Yañes Licy L , Tomat Analia , Romero Mariana , Sartori‐Vallinoti Julio , Elesgaray Rosana , costa Maria A , Reckelhoff Jane F , Arranz Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Several studies suggest an interaction between renin‐angiotensin system and estrogen with nitric oxide (NO) system and oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (E) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxidative stress, NO synthase (NOS) activity and estrogen receptors expression in the left ventricle (LV) of postmenopausal spontaneously hypertensive rats (OF‐SHR). aged 16 month received E 250 mg/L in drinking water or tap water (C) for 30 days. At the end of the treatment lipid peroxidation end products (TBARS), estrogen receptors expression, catalase (CAT), glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and NOS activity were measured in LV.ResultsTreatment with enalapril decreased SBP and lipid peroxidation but increased GPx and NOS activity in OF‐ SHR. Estrogen receptor β was upregulated by E treatment in LV of OF‐SHR.* p<0.02 vs control, #p<0.01 vs control.In conclusión, our study shows that enalapril administration caused a reduction in oxidative stress and increases in NOS activity and estrogen receptor βexpression in LV of OF‐SHR. These results suggest that changes observed in the LV after menopause may be Angiotensin II mediated.
Ovariectomized female Dahl salt‐sensitive rats exhibit features of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sartori‐Valinotti Julio Cesar , Yanes Licy L. , Zhang Huimin , Reckelhoff Jane F. 
Published: June 2021

Menopause is associated with increased salt‐sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). Ovariectomized (Ovx) Dahl salt‐sensitive rats (DS) show increased BP and body weight (BW) compared to intact females (Int). Rosiglitazone (RO) reduces BP in humans and blunts the BP response to high salt (HS) in Ovx. In human breast cancer cells, RO trans‐activates estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. We determined whether Ovx exhibit MS (Cohort A) and tested the hypothesis that the ER antagonist, Fulvestrant (FV), prevents the BP‐lowering effects of RO (Cohort B).MethodsBP (telemetry), BW, plasma insulin, leptin and cholesterol levels were measured in Int and Ovx. Rats received Fulvestrant (FV, 10mg/rat IM or vehicle) while on low salt diet, and then were challenged to HS+RO (100 mg/kg diet) for 2 weeks (Cohort B).ResultsCohort A: Data are displayed in the table. Cohort B: The increase in BP (delta) with HS was significantly higher in Ovx given FV and RO together (6.6±0.6) than in Ovx given RO only (‐2.3±2.1 mmHg, p<0.05). Thus Ovx DS exhibit features of MS and the data suggest that the effect of RO on BP may be ER dependent (supported by NIH HL66072 and AHA 0725561B)* p<0.05 vs. Int
Up‐regulation of RGS2 Mediate IL‐1beta‐Induced Decrease in Muscle Contraction in Response to NPR‐C activation in Tenia Coli
Authors: Mahavadi Sunila , Khaleduzzaman Mohammed , Grider John R , Murthy Karnam S 
Published: June 2021

The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukine‐1β (IL‐1β), plays an important role in inflammation‐induced changes in smooth muscle contraction. IL‐1β inhibits acetylcholine release and muscle contraction in response to Gq‐coupled m3 receptor activation. Our previous studies have shown that the single‐transmembrane natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR‐C is coupled to Gi to stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis via Gβγ i and muscle contraction.AIMTo characterize the effect of IL‐1β on contraction in response to NPR‐C activation.METHODSRabbit tenia coli were cultured in DMEM‐10 in the presence or absence of IL‐1β for 48 h. Muscle cells isolated from these strips were used for measurement of NPR‐C binding, PLC‐β3 and RGS2 expression, and cANP‐induced PI hydrolysis and muscle contraction.RESULTSPre‐incubation with IL‐1β had no effect on NPR‐C binding or PLC‐β3 expression, but significantly inhibited cANP‐induced PI hydrolysis and muscle contraction. IL‐1β caused a 3‐4 fold‐increase in RGS2, a GTPase‐activating protein that accelerates inactivation of Gαi‐GTP, implying that the decrease in PI hydrolysis and contraction were mediated by increased deactivation of Gαi and formation of Gαβ γtrimer.CONCLUSIONInhibition of cANP‐induced contraction by IL‐1β reflects inhibition of PI hydrolysis resulting from up‐regulation of RGS2 and rapid inactivation of Gαi and inhibition of Gβγ i‐mediated PI hydrolysis.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, can change metabolism and growth of bacteria
Authors: TAKI KENJI , Nagasawa Zenzo 
Published: June 2021

The influence on the metabolism and proliferation potency of bacillus were examined by addition of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazoramide (AZ).MethodsIt was evaluated by the cloudy rate of bacterial culture solution whether bacillus growth can be influenced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ). The cloudy rate of the culture solution was measured by using automatic bacillus inspection device (Walk away 40S1; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Brookfield, Connecticut, USA), and whether metabolism of bacillus can be influenced by AZ.Results and Discussion1.) The metabolism of all bacilli was accelerated in the sugar utilization in response to dosage of AZ. However, the acceleration of metabolism for the amino acid and the enzyme was different between gram positive and negative bacteria. According to the decrease in intracellular pH due to decrease in the carbonic anhydrase activity, the synthesis of bacterial membrane could change, and these differences could be caused by carbonic anhydrase activity. 2.) Proliferation potency of the bacillus was inhibited by clinical dose of AZ in Enterococcus spp. The proliferation potency was found to be reduced in response to the dosage of AZ in gram‐negative rod bacteria.ConclusionIt has been understood that metabolism and the proliferation potency can be changed in response to dosage of AZ in gram negative and positive bacteria.
Caspase 3‐dependent neural cell apoptosis and telomere‐dependent senescence are activated in the cortex and brainstem in dietary‐induced obesity rat
Authors: Kishi Takuya , Hirooka Yoshitaka , Konno satomi , Ito Koji , Araki Shuichiro , Sunagawa Kenji 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn metabolic syndrome (MetS), oxidative stress causes organ damages. Oxidative stress also activates caspase 3‐dependent neural apoptosis and neural senescence progressed by abnormal shortening telomere length. We hypothesized that caspase 3‐dependent apoptosis and telomere‐dependent senescence in brain are activated in MetS.Methods and ResultsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed on a moderately high‐fat diet. After 13 weeks, rats were segregated into obesity‐prone (OP) and obesity‐resistant (OR) based on their body weight. OP had significantly higher insulin resistance and lower adiponectin than OR. In OP, the activity of caspase 3 and the expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bad were significantly increased, and the expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 was significantly decreased in the cortex compared with OR (caspase 3; 25±4%, Bax;18±4%, Bad;21±3%, Bcl‐2; ‐28±4%, n=5 for each, P<0.01) and brainstem. Neural cell senescence determined by β‐galactosidase staining was significantly increased, and telomere length measured by quantitative RTm‐PCR method was significantly reduced in OP compared with OR.ConclusionThese results suggest that, in MetS, the caspase 3‐dependent neural apoptosis and telomere‐dependent senescence are activated in the cortex and brainstem. This central alteration might contribute to pathophysiology of autonomic dysregulation in MetS.
The heme oxygenase system potentiates insulin‐signalling and enhance glucose metabolism in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats
Authors: Ndisang Joseph Fomusi , Jadhav Ashok 
Published: June 2021

Aldosterone causes oxidative insults by stimulating NF‐¿B, activating‐protein (AP‐1), and c‐Jun‐N‐terminal‐kinase (JNK). In type‐2 diabetes (T2D), aldosterone‐ and hyperglycaemia‐induced oxidative events constitute a potent destructive force. We investigated the role of heme oxygenase (HO) on aldosterone/oxidative stress and insulin‐signaling in Zucker diabetic fatty rat (ZDF).HO was induced with hemin or inhibited with chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP). Hemin reduced fasting/postprandial hyperglycaemia, while CrMP exacerbated hyperglycaemia in ZDF. The anti‐diabetic effect was accompanied by enhanced HO activity, catalase, bilirubin, ferritin and total anti‐oxidant capacity, whereas reduced aldosterone, 8‐isoprostane, JNK, NF‐¿B, AP‐1 and AP‐2 were observed. Interestingly, hemin increased insulin levels alongside cAMP and cGMP, two secondary‐messengers that also regulate insulin release. Furthermore, agents that promote insulin‐signaling including adiponectin, AMPK, aldolase‐B and GLUT4, were robustly increased. Correspondingly, hemin reduced glucose/insulin tolerance, lowered insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and reversed the inability of insulin to enhance GLUT4.The suppression of hyperglycaemia‐ and aldosterone‐induced oxidative stress alongside the potentiation of insulin‐sensitizing pathways may account anti‐diabetic effect.
Acute effects of exercise with different impact on bone turnover in young healthy males
Authors: Lin Che‐fu , Tu Kuo‐Cheng , Yang Ai‐Lun , Lin Linda, L. , Huang Tsang‐hai 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute response of two types of lower‐limb exercise with different mechanical impact on bone metabolism.MethodsVoluntary young males were recruited and randomly assigned into two exercise groups: plyometric jumping group (n=10) and resistance training (n=9). Heart rate of subjects during exercise was monitored. The subjects consumed diet provided by our laboratory throughout the experimental period. Blood samples were collected before exercise as baseline, and 5min, 15min, 1hr, 3hr, 6hr, 24hr, 48hr, and 72hr after single bout exercise. Serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteocalcin (OC), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (Phos), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate (Lac) were determined by EIA methods. Data were analyzed by two‐way (group × time) ANOVA.ResultsRegarding main effects of time, serum TRAP significantly decreased at 5 min (p<0.01), OC decreased at 3 hours (p<0.05), Ca increased at 5min and 15min as compared with baseline data. Lactate reached its peak immediately after the completion of exercise and remained significantly elevated during the following 3 hours. Time and group showed significant interaction in serum CK and Phos.ConclusionsIn conclusion, exercise with different impact induced different response in muscle damage related parameters, while similar pattern of bone turnover shown between two groups. Responses of bone metabolism revealed by serum markers probably caused by a systemic regulation rather than a local mechanical impact.This study was supported by a grant from the National Science Council (NSC‐95‐2413‐H‐006‐011‐MY2, Taiwan).
Local sensory nerve control of skin blood flow during local warming in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Strom Nicholas Alan , Sawyer Jessica R. , Roberts Shelly K. , Kingsley‐Berg Shirley M. , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: June 2021

Local warming in human skin elicits a biphasic vasodilation with a local sensory nerve component (initial peak) and nitric oxide mediated plateau. Though microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known, effects at the neural level of control in individuals with well managed T2DM are less understood. We tested the hypothesis that local sensory nerve contributions to vasodilation are less in T2DM compared to healthy controls (C). We measured skin blood flow using laser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and arterial pressure using Finometer in T2DM and C subjects at baseline and during 35 minutes of local warming (LW) of the skin to 42 °C. Two LDF sites received Ringers via microdialysis throughout LW; one site was pretreated with local lidocaine (LIDO) to block local sensory innervation. Maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was evaluated using microdialysis of nitroprusside. In preliminary studies (N = 4 T2DM, 6 C), CVC during the initial peak at the untreated site was decreased in T2DM (73 ± 4 vs. C: 85 ± 5 % max; P = 0.05), but was not different at the LIDO site (T2DM: 54 ± 9 vs. C: 66 ± 6 % max; P > 0.05). The difference between sites (sensory nerve contribution) was similar between groups (T2DM: 19 ± 7 vs. C: 18 ± 7 % max; P > 0.05), and was lower with LIDO than was previously shown with local EMLA. Our results suggest a non‐neural component which is decreased in T2DM.Supported by NIH HL73884 and CTSA UL1 RR024150.
Renal responses to potassium restriction depend on dietary sodium
Authors: Yang Li E , Riquier Anne D.M. , Kou Dow‐Ning , Nguyen Mien , McDonough Alicia Ann 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies of renal responses to dietary potassium (K) restriction compared control chow containing 0.74%NaCl with and without 2% KCl.Aimre‐examine renal responses to K restriction with 2% NaCl chow, the % found in the average American diet. Sprague Dawley rats (n=4‐6) were fed one of these diets 6 d: control chow CKCNa= 2%KCl‐0.74%NaCl, low K chow LKCNa = 0.05%KCl‐0.74%NaCl, high Na chow CKHNa= 2%KCl‐2%NaCl, low K high Na chow LKHNa= 0.05%KCl‐2%NaCl. Rats were placed in metabolic cages overnight, anesthetized for BP, sacrificed, and kidneys removed. Plasma [K] fell from 3.8 to 2.4 mM and [Na] remained at 140 mM in both LKCNa and LKHNa. Compared to LKCNa, LKHNa gained twice as much weight (6 vs 3 g/d), had lower BP (93 vs 101 mmHg) and higher urine osmolality (500 vs 325 mOsm). In renal homogenates of LKCNa vs CKCNa, as previously reported, pool size of NHE3, HK‐ATPase(g) and HK‐ATPase(c) and NaK‐ATPase(b) were increased and pool size of ROMK, ENaC(b) and AQP2 were decreased. In LKHNa vs CKHNa pool size of ROMK and ENaC(b) were reduced but NHE3, HK‐ATPases, NaK‐ATPase, AQP2 were unchanged.Conclusiondietary K restriction and/or hypokalemia provoke BP to fall and decrease ROMK and ENaC abundance which are key to conserving K. The additional physiologic and transporter changes seen with lower NaCl diet may be secondary to drastically lowering total electrolytes and/or chloride. DK34316 and UKRO fellowship to LEY.
Comparative analysis of chromosomal damage at buccal cells at patients who suffer from cancer and tuberculosis
Authors: Kurteshi Kemajl , Hadjidekova Valeria , Hoxha Musa , Nefic Hilada 
Published: June 2021

Chromosomal damage a evaluate by micronucleus (MN) test at buccal cells at patients of Clinics of University of Prishtina , department of Pulmology . We investigate the 60 patients from which , 20 was sicken from cnacer , 20 sicken from tuberculosis ,20 perssonel (doctors and nurses) and 30 subjects as control group . Founded high frequency at 28 patient (with cancer and tuberculosis ) compared with personel of hospital and control group but not significant .Also founded high frequency of micronucleus at patient who suffer from cancer , copmare with patient who suffer from tuberculosis , but not significant .Statistical analysis done with software program Sigma stat 3.2 version 2004 year .
Shaft-only Phalloplasty: Technical Modifications to Optimize Aesthetics
Authors: Peters Blair R. , McCreary Eleanor , Putnam Carley A. , Berli Jens U. 
Published: June 2021

Summary:
Shaft-only phalloplasty (SOP) has been described as an alternative option for phalloplasty. Although traditional phalloplasty represents the most complete form of genital gender-affirming surgery, this variation also carries the greatest surgical risk. Patients may opt for a lower risk SOP for reasons including gender identity, gender expression, sexual function, desire for future childbearing, or minimal gender dysphoria associated with sedentary urination. Further, some patients may, due to associated co-morbidities, not be a candidate for neourethral reconstruction. Forgoing urethral reconstruction also means forgoing the presence of a distal urethral meatus and thereby compromising on one of the basic tenets of phalloplasty surgery—the aesthetic appearance. In an SOP, the flap is usually a simple tube with a purse-string suture placed at the distal end. Another concern can be the insufficient bulk of the phallus due to the absence of the volume added by the inner tube. The purpose of this article is to review our technical modifications that allow for creation of a phallic meatus as well as increasing phallic girth when needed. The most frequently described technique to create a neo-urethra is the tube-within-tube concept. We expanded on this and apply it as a short segment for distal meatal creation in an SOP. Improved aesthetics are achieved by creating the appearance of a phallic meatus and when desired, utilizing a lateral de-epithelialized strip to increase phallic bulk and girth. We hope these technical refinements can assist the surgeon in better meeting the goal of creating an aesthetically pleasing phallus.
Perceptions of Saudi Plastic Surgery Residents and Attendings of Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kattan Abdullah E. , Mortada Hatan , Alzaidi Salman , Gelidan Adnan G. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The world has faced an unprecedented challenge in controlling the spread of COVID-19—a rapid reshaping of the healthcare system and education was inevitable. Consequently, residency programs adopted e-learning as a social distancing tool for the continuity of the learning process. In this study, we explore the opinions and perspectives of plastic surgery attending doctors and residents on the implications of e-learning.

Methods:
After obtaining ethical approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted electronically between October and December 2020 among plastic surgery residents and board-certified plastic surgeons in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a validated, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered participants’ demographic data, perceptions of online webinars, and audiovisual evaluations. Finally, we compared traditional (in-person) teaching with online webinars. The analysis was performed at a 95% confidence interval using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, N.Y.).

Results:
A total of 61 responses were included in this study. The majority of respondents (78.7%) were comfortable during webinars, with 38 (62.3%) believing they should supplement traditional teaching methods. Overall, 50.8% were satisfied with the webinars. However, 37.7% were neutral. Most believed that the webinars increased their clinical (67.2%) and surgical skills (67.2%) to reasonable levels.

Conclusions:
Online education provided an excellent educational tool as a viable option to supplement traditional face-to-face training, with most residents being satisfied, supporting the use of this educational tool. More objective research is required to refine existing online plastic surgery teaching methods while creating novel distance e-learning approaches for the future.