bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Elashry Sara Mohamed , Abdelhafez Maher Ahmed , Mohamed Awny Mostafa , Mohamed Elwan Nahed , Elsharkawy Hamed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Background: The neonate is more susceptible to acute kidney injury (AKI) than others due to functional and developmental immaturity, hemodynamic changes that occur at birth, and possibility of hypovolemia due to increased insensible water losses. The aim of this work was early detection of the occurrence of AKI through measurement of serum cystatin C (CysC) and assessment of renal function in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in order to initiate early and appropriate therapeutic measures as indicated.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 50 neonates diagnosed as cases of BPD with gestational age ranging from 28w to 38w. Urea, creatinine and serum CysC were measured twice, the first measurement was at the time of diagnosis of BPD and the second one was 3 days later with estimation of creatinine based Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cystatin based GFR.renal Doppler ultrasound was performed to measure peak systolivc velocity, end diastolic velocity and resistive index.
Results: There were 7 cases with abnormal GFR According to the first creatinine based GFR. There were 16 cases with abnormal GFR according to the first cystatin C based GFR with no statistically significance difference between both measurements. 5 patients were classified to have AKI based on serum creatinine level. There was statistically significant increase in 1st, 2nd serum creatinine, 1st and 2nd serum cystatin C levels in the AKI patients in comparison to non AKI group. On the other hand, there was statistically significant decrease in 1st, 2nd creatinine based GFR, 1st and 2nd cystatin C based GFR. There was statistically significant increase in mortality in the AKI patients if compared to non AKI patient. There was statistically significant increase in SBP, DPB and PCO2 in the AKI patients in comparison to non AKI group.
Conclusions: Measurement of serum CysC and estimation of cystatin based GFR can help in early detection of cases with renal malfunction among the patients with BPD before rise of serum creatinine Early diagnosis will lead to improvement of the outcome and shortening of the hospital stay.
Perceived Risks and Ramifications of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Community and Healthcare Providers in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Nilam , Maharjan Dikshya , Silwal Muna , Paneru Damaru Prasad , Nepal Anant 
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted real suffering in many parts of the world and is expected to impact different sectors. Lockdown is considered to be an effective measure in slowing the spread of coronavirus. The study expects to understand community and healthcare providers’ perspectives on COVID-19 and pandemic responses during and after the lockdown in Nepal.
Methods and Materials: Data were collected through telephone interviews with six representatives of community-based organizations and nine healthcare providers, and the collation of information about COVID-19 from social media, news outlets and government announcements. Data were thematically coded and analyzed according to the themes.
Results: Although rapid dissemination of educational information through various social media was found, people reported an information overload on COVID-19 while questioning the authenticity of their sources. Several misbeliefs on the COVID-19 virus are rooted in the Nepalese community. Lockdown for a longer period was deemed an unsustainable preventive measure that directly impacted the income source of daily-wage workers. The fear of contracting coronavirus among healthcare providers at their workplaces was further triggered by the poor working conditions and non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). In fighting the pandemic, screening and management of other health issues were ignored.
Conclusion: The prevention measures against COVID-19 are important for the local context, however, the communities need access of basic commodities and access to reliable information to enable them to follow these measures. Availability of appropriate PPE for the healthcare providers is required to reduce the fear of contracting the virus from the patients and workplace. Essential health-care services must also be continued to help reduce excess mortality and morbidity.
Methylobacillus
Authors: Doronina Nina V. , Kaparullina Elena N. , Agafonova Nadezhda V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl radica; L. dim. masc. n.
bacillus
a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Methylobacillus
methyl rodlet.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylobacillus

The genus
Methylobacillus
accommodates obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Cells of these methylotrophic bacteria are Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, and asporogenous rods that are nonmotile or motile with 1–4 flagella, multiply by binary fission, and occur singly or rarely in pairs. Cells do not possess intracellular membranes or poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Most members of the genus produce exopolysaccharide. No vitamins or other growth factors are required. No growth occurs on rich media with peptone and under CH
4
+ O
2
or H
2
+ CO
2
+ O
2
in the gas phase. These methylotrophs are mesophilic and neutrophilic bacteria. Most strains are obligate methylotrophs; some strains, however, can also use fructose. All
Methylobacillus
species are able to utilize methanol via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway of C
1
assimilation. Some of the
Methylobacillus
strains also possess the ability to grow on methylamine, which is directly oxidized to formaldehyde or utilized via the
N
‐methylglutamate pathway. These bacteria possess an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle because they lack α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glyoxylate shunt enzymes are absent. Ammonia, nitrate, and methylamine are used as the nitrogen sources. Ammonia is assimilated via glutamate dehydrogenase. Indole is produced from
l
‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO
3
. The prevailing cellular fatty acids are straight‐chain saturated C
16:0
and unsaturated C
16:1
ω7
c
acids. The known habitats are wastewater, activated sludge, soil, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere of various plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50–61.5 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methylobacillus glycogenes
Yordy and Weaver 1977
AL
.
Anaerobacterium
Authors: Tonouchi Akio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

An.ae.ro.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. pref.
an
‐ not; Gr. masc. n.
aer
air; N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
rod; N.L. neut. n.
Anaerobacterium
an anaerobic rod.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / “Acetivibrionales” / “Acetivibrionaceae” / Anaerobacterium

Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, thermotolerant, non‐spore‐forming, and strictly anaerobic rods (0.8–1.0 × 3.5–15.0 μm) with rounded ends, occurring singly or in pairs. Motile with two to four polar flagella. Cells in aged cultures are irregularly shaped. Mesophilic and slightly alkaliphilic. Anaerobic growth by fermentation of carbohydrates including cellulosic substances. The major fermentation products are ethanol and lactate. Yeast extract is required for growth. A member of
Clostridium
rRNA cluster III in the phylum
Firmicutes
. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
16:0
, iso‐C
13:0
3‐OH, and C
16:0
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Anaerobacterium chartisolvens
Horino et al. 2014
VP
.
Mariniblastus
Authors: Lage Olga Maria , Calisto Rita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Ma.ri.ni.blas'tus. L. masc. adj.
marinus
, marine; Gr. masc. n.
blastos
, shoot, bud; N.L. masc. n.
Mariniblastus
, a marine bud‐forming bacterium.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Pirellulaceae / Mariniblastus

The genus
Mariniblastus
accommodates spherical‐ to ovoid‐shaped Gram‐negative bacteria, which possess in their life cycle unicellular nonmotile forms and rosettes. The colonies are small, circular, translucent, and nonpigmented to light‐pink pigmented. Reproduction is by budding. Crateriform structures are distributed on the reproductive cell poles; fimbriae and holdfast structures are also present. These bacteria are chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, neutrophilic (pH 7.5), and mesophilic (25°C). Sea salts are requited for growth. Growth substrates are sugars, polyols, and amino acids. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω9
c
, C
14:0
, and C
16:0
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and two unknown lipids. Menaquinone 5 (MK‐5) is the main respiratory quinone, but MK‐6 is also present. This genus belongs to the class
Planctomycetia
, order
Pirellulales
, and family
Pirellulaceae
. Members of the genus are present in marine habitats in association with macroalgae, sponges, and corals.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
53.4 (
Genome sequence
).

Type species
:
Mariniblastus fucicola
Lage et al. 2017
VP
.
Pelomicrobium
Authors: Slobodkina Galina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Pe.lo.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. masc. n.
pēlós
, mud or clay; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
microbe; N.L. neut. n
. Pelomicrobium
a mud‐inhabiting microorganism.

Proteobacteria / Hydrogenophilalia / Hydrogenophilales / Hydrogenophilaceae / Pelomicrobium

The genus
Pelomicrobium
, represented by a single species,
Pelomicrobium methylotrophicum
, accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative and rod‐shaped motile bacteria. The members of the genus are facultatively anaerobic and moderately alkaliphilic thermophiles with strictly respiratory type of metabolism. These bacteria are characterized by chemolithoautotrophic growth with molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate as electron donors and energy sources as well as by chemoorganoheterotrophic growth with methanol, formate, and a number of other organic compounds. Sugars are not utilized. The major cellular fatty acids are hexadecenoic (C
16:0
), octadecanoic (C
18:0
), and cis‐9,10‐methylenehexadecanoic (cyclo‐C
17:0
) acids. This genus is a member of
Proteobacteria,
class
Hydrogenophilalia,
and order
Hydrogenophilales
. Habitats of the genus are subsurface ecosystems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.8 (genome data).

Type species
:
Pelomicrobium methylotrophicum
Slobodkina et al. 2020, VL193.
The effect of cue utilization in driving on response inhibition
Authors: Greenwood Courtney E. , Carrigan Ann J. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryDriving is a high‐risk and cognitively demanding activity that requires the efficient use of cognitive resources to inhibit responses when necessary to avoid accidents. Cue utilization, via an inherent capacity for pattern recognition, is one strategy that may be applied while driving to reduce cognitive load allowing for the allocation of resources to other demanding tasks. The present study was designed to measure the contribution of cue utilization in a driving context on performance in a response inhibition task. Undergraduate students (N = 105) completed the driving edition of EXPERTise 2.0 as an online assessment of cue utilization and a measure of response inhibition, the Stop‐Signal Task. The results indicated that participants with relatively higher cue utilization were more accurate at inhibiting responses, but there was no difference in their response times. These findings provide support for cue utilization as one strategy that may improve response inhibition through the acquisition and recognition of patterns, thereby decreasing cognitive load. The practical implications for drivers will be discussed.
Patient Perceptions of Physical Activity After a Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Analysis of Multinational Qualitative Data
Authors: Austin Keziah , Dures Emma , Almeida Celia , Cramp Fiona , Guly Catherine M. , Hill Catherine L. , Hoon Elizabeth A. , Mackie Sarah , O'Brien Anne V. , Watts Richard A. , Robson Joanna C. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo explore patient perceptions of physical activity in giant cell arteritis (GCA).MethodsThis was a multinational qualitative study, analyzing interview data collected from participants from the UK (n = 25) and Australia (n = 11) with a definitive diagnosis of GCA from imaging or biopsy. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes related to physical activity. This was secondary analysis of data collected to explore health‐related quality of life in people with GCA.ResultsA total of 108 individual codes pertaining to physical activity were identified. These were grouped into 2 overarching themes: barriers to and facilitators of physical activity, each with 4 subthemes. Barriers were categorized into physical symptoms (including visual loss, fatigue, weakness, pain, and stiffness), perceptions of personal capability (including poor stamina, confidence, and mobility), negative perceptions of physical activity, and negative consequences. Facilitators of physical activity were categorized into external facilitators (including motivation from health care professionals and support groups), access to appropriate facilities, personal strategies (including pacing and goal‐setting), and personal facilitators (including internal motivation to improve symptoms, and positive reinforcement).ConclusionA range of barriers and facilitators to physical activity were identified in relation to GCA. Future work could include development of an intervention to support physical activity in patients with GCA; ideally this intervention should be underpinned by an appropriate behavioral change framework and codesigned with patients.
Imaging Dielectric Breakdown in Valence Change Memory
Authors: Hubbard William A. , Lodico Jared J. , Chan Ho Leung , Mecklenburg Matthew , Regan Brian C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDielectric breakdown (DB) controls the failure, and increasingly the function, of microelectronic devices. Standard imaging techniques, which generate contrast based on physical structure, struggle to visualize this electronic process. Here in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) electron beam‐induced current (EBIC) imaging of DB in Pt/HfO2/Ti valence change memory devices is reported. STEM EBIC imaging directly visualizes the electronic signatures of DB, namely local changes in the conductivity and in the electric field, with high spatial resolution and good contrast. DB is observed to proceed through two distinct structures arranged in series: a volatile, “soft” filament created by electron injection; and a non‐volatile, “hard” filament created by oxygen‐vacancy aggregation. This picture makes a physical distinction between “soft” and “hard” DB, while at the same time accommodating “progressive” DB, where the relative lengths of the hard and soft filaments can change on a continuum.
Architected Multimaterial Lattices with Thermally Programmable Mechanical Response
Authors: Mueller Jochen , Lewis Jennifer A. , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArchitected materials typically maintain their properties throughout their lifetime. However, there is growing interest in the design and fabrication of responsive materials with properties that adapt to their environment. Toward this goal, a versatile framework to realize thermally programmable lattice architectures capable of exhibiting a broader range of mechanical responses is reported. The lattices are composed of two polymeric materials with disparate glass transition temperatures, which are deterministically arranged via 3D printing. By tailoring the local composition and structure, architected lattices with tunable stiffness, Poisson's ratio, and deformation modes controlled through changes in the thermal environment are generated. The platform yields lightweight polymer lattices with programmable composition, architecture, and mechanical response.
Endowing imidazole derivatives with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and aggregation‐induced emission properties for highly efficient non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Ge , Ran You , Wu Yimin , Chen Minqi , Bin Zhengyang , You Jingsong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development and enrichment of high‐performance organic fluorophores that simultaneously possess thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties is going pursued but remains a great challenge due to severe exciton quenching. Herein, a systematical investigation on imidazole moiety has successfully given rise to a series of highly efficient imidazole‐based TADF‐AIE luminogens for the first time. The attachment of two cyano functionalities on imidazole moiety can significantly increase the electron‐withdrawing ability, so as to realize TADF emissions with small singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔEST) values. Meanwhile, the installation of a steric hindrance group at N1 position of imidazole moiety can twist the geometry between imidazole and phenyl bridge, thus transforming imidazole derivative from an aggregation‐caused quenching emitter into an AIE luminogen. Consequently, the non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing these TADF‐AIE luminogens as emitters exhibit outstanding sky‐blue and green emissions, with external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 20.0% and low efficiency roll‐off (EQE at 1000 cd m−2, 16.1%). These values represent the state‐of‐the‐art performance for all imidazole‐based OLED devices, which illustrates the significant potential of imidazole derivatives in assembling high‐performance OLEDs.
Photocatalytic Three‐Component Tandem Annulation Access to Multiply Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3,5‐diamines
Authors: Zheng Lvyin , Tao Kailiang , Zhuo Xiaoya , Xie Zhen , Liu Gongping , Deng Ling , Mei Weijie , Zou Xiaoying , Zhong Yumei , Wu Yongquan , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA visible light catalyzed three‐component tandem annulation strategy for the synthesis of multiply substituted 1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diamines from phenylhydrazines, isothiocyanatobenzenes and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine is reported herein. The transformations proceed under simple and mild reaction conditions without the requirement of any external metals, ligands, and reductants. This one‐step procedure provides facile access to highly substituted 1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diamines, which could be used in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene
Authors: Lu Yun‐Feng , Dong Long‐Zhang , Liu Jiang , Yang Ru‐Xin , Liu Jing‐Jing , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lei , Wang Yi‐Rong , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposefully designing the well‐defined catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 is an extremely important but challenging work. In this work, three crystalline trinuclear copper clusters (Cu3‐X, X=Cl−, Br−, NO3−) have been designed, containing three active Cu sites with the identical coordination environment and appropriate spatial distance, delivering high selectivity for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4. The highest faradaic efficiency of Cu3‐X for CO2‐to‐C2H4 conversion can be adjusted from 31.90 % to 55.01 % by simply replacing the counter anions (NO3−, Cl−, Br−). The DFT calculation results verify that Cu3‐X can facilitate the C−C coupling of identical *CHO intermediates, subsequently forming molecular symmetrical C2H4 product. This work provides an important molecular model system and a new design perspective for electroreduction of CO2 to C2 products with symmetrical molecular structure.
Missing‐Linker‐Assisted Artesunate Delivery by Metal–Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wang Dongdong , He Isabel Wenjia , Liu Jiawei , Jana Deblin , Wu Yinglong , Zhang Xiaodong , Qian Cheng , Guo Yi , Chen Xiaokai , Bindra Anivind Kaur , Zhao Yanli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinical translation of artesunate (ATS) as a potent antitumor drug has been obstructed by its rapid degradation and low bioavailability. Herein, we report the development of an ATS nanomedicine through the self‐assembly with Mn[Co(CN)6]2/3□1/3 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that have hidden missing linkers. The defects in MOFs originating from the missing linkers play a key role in increasing the biological stability and tumor accumulation of ATS. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and ATS can be co‐loaded into MOFs for a synergistic antitumor efficacy. In the presence of intracellular HCO3−, Mn2+ acts as an efficient catalyst to promote the bicarbonate‐activated H2O2 system which oxidizes ATS to generate reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative death to cancer cells. The released [CoIII(CN)6] linker undergoes a redox reaction with intracellular glutathione to prevent the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, contributing to synergistic chemodynamic therapy of ATS and photodynamic therapy of Ce6. Thus, defect‐engineered MOFs with hidden missing linkers hold great promise in advancing the practical use of ATS as an antitumor medicine.
A General Strategy for Instantaneous and Continuous Synthesis of Ultrasmall Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles
Authors: Chang Miao , Wei Yan , Liu Dahuan , Wang Jie‐Xin , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasmall metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) may generate unique properties to expand the scope of applications. However, the synthesis is still a great challenge. Herein, we propose a strategy to synthesize ultrasmall MOFs by high gravity technology. With the aid of tremendous intensification of molecular mixing and mass transfer in high‐gravity field, six typical MOFs were obtained instantaneously in a continuous way. These samples are monodispersed with sub‐5 nm in size, smaller than the previously reported values and even close to the length of one crystal unit cell. As a proof‐of‐concept, catalytic activity for Knoevenagel reaction can be significantly enhanced using ultrasmall ZIF‐8. Conversion time of benzaldehyde was decreased by 94 % or 75 % compared to those using conventional or hierarchically porous ZIF‐8. More importantly, this approach is readily scalable with the highest space‐time yield for nano‐MOFs, which may promote the convenient synthesis and practical applications of ultrasmall MOFs in large‐scale.
Redox‐Neutral Vicinal Difunctionalization of Five‐Membered Heteroarenes with Dual Electrophiles
Authors: Li Renhe , Dong Guangbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new reaction mode of palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis is reported involving the selective coupling of two different carbon‐based electrophiles for vicinal double C‐H functionalization of five‐membered heteroarenes in a site‐selective and redox‐neutral manner. The key is to use alkynyl bromides as the second electrophile, which allows vicinal difunctionalization of a wide range of heteroarenes including pyrroles, thiophenes and furans at their C4 and C5 positions. One‐ or two‐step tetrafunctionalizations of simple pyrrole and thiophene have also been realized. The C2‐substituted NBEs prove most effective in these reactions, and the mechanistic exploration discloses the origin of the high selectivity of this transformation. Synthetic utility of this method has been exemplified in the concise preparations of thiophene‐containing organic materials and a protein kinase inhibitor analogue. Preliminary success has also been achieved in a direct annulation event, using a tethered ketone as the second electrophile.