bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EC 3.4.24.15 is a Putative Regulator of Kisspeptin Signaling
Authors: Woitowich Nicole , Philibert Keith , DeJoseph Mary , Urban Janice , Glucksman Marc 
Published: June 2021

Inadequate kisspeptin (Kiss) secretion or signaling results in delayed puberty and infertility, indicating the importance of this peptide in controlling reproduction. Regulating Kiss, or peptide concentrations in general, are modulated by enzyme hydrolysis altering their downstream signal. The metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 (EP24.15) has been demonstrated to play the key role in the cleavage and subsequent regulation of the reproductive hormone Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in vitro and in vivo that is downstream of Kiss. The goal of these studies borne from structural analyses and in silico molecular modeling was to determine if Kiss is a substrate of EP24.15 by first identifying the cleavage site and enzyme kinetics, and then if EP24.15 and Kiss are co‐expressed in brain regions relevant to reproductive function. EP24.15 and Kiss were co‐incubated and subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to confirm that EP24.15 can cleave Kiss in vitro and enzyme kinetics performed. Double‐label immunohistochemistry demonstrated Kiss and EP24.15 immunoreactivity within the hypothalamus and specifically EP24.15 and Kiss immunoreactivity was co‐expressed within neurons and fibers of the arcuate nucleus. Taken together this data suggests that EP24.15 may act to cleave Kiss in vivo and represents an additional facet of the control mechanism of mammalian reproduction. Understanding the regulation of Kiss by EP24.15 may provide insight into the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of infertility.Supported by RFUMS Pilot Grant Program (JHU, MJG); NIH OD010662 (MJG).
MED28 Modulates Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Chun‐I , Hsieh Nien‐Tsu , Huang Chun‐Yin , Chang Hsueh‐Chen , Lee Ming‐Fen 
Published: June 2021

Mediator subunit MED28 is found highly expressed in several types of tumor including breast cancer. Previously we have reported that MED28 regulates cellular migration and functions as an upstream regulator of the NFkB/MMP9 axis upon EGF stimulationin human breast cancer cells. In the current study we investigated the effect of MED28 on cell growth in human breast cancer cells. Suppression of MED28 expression inhibited cell growth accompanied by lowering the expression of p‐RelA/p65, cyclin D1, and p‐pRb as well as the transcriptional activity of NFkB, but increasing the expression of FOXO3a and p27. Overexpression of MED28 promoted G1 to S transition and, thereby, stimulated cell growth. Our data indicate that MED28 modulates cell growth through FOXO3a and NFkB in human breast cancer cells. Not only is MED28 involved in cellular migration and invasion but also cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cells, reiterating the significance of this multifaceted protein in breast cancer.(This work was supported by the grants NSC101‐2320‐B‐309‐001 and NSC102‐2320‐B‐309‐001‐MY3 to M‐F Lee.)
Effect of Zinc & Multiple Micronutrient Supplements on Growth in Tanzanian Children
Authors: Locks Lindsey , Manji Karim , McDonald Christine , Kupka Roland , Kisenge Rodrick , Aboud Said , Wang Molin , Spiegelman Donna , Fawzi Wafaie , Duggan Christopher 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPoor child growth increases the risk of mortality and impaired development.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin (vitamins B, C & E) supplements on the growth of infants in Tanzania.MethodsIn this randomized, 2x2 factorial, double blind clinical trial, 2400 infants were randomized to zinc (Zn), multivitamins (MV), both supplements (Zn + MV), or placebo (P) at age 6 weeks and followed for 18 months.ResultsAt 19 months of age, 20%, 6% and 11% of children were stunted, wasted and underweight respectively. Median compliance was 96% of the allocated regimen. Mean change in weight‐for‐age z‐scores (WAZ) in the Zn + MV, Zn, MV and P groups were ‐0.36, ‐0.61, ‐0.52, ‐0.50 respectively (p for interaction <0.001). Mean change in weight‐for‐height (WHZ) in the four groups were ‐0.31, ‐0.57. ‐0.42, ‐0.35 (p for interaction <0.001). There was no significant effect of treatment on change in height‐for‐age (HAZ), nor on rates of stunting, wasting or underweight.ConclusionDespite the small effect on mean change in WAZ & WHZ, daily provision of MV and/or Zn supplements to Tanzanian infants beginning in early infancy did not reduce rates of underweight, stunting or wasting over 18 months of follow‐up. Alternative approaches to prevent growth faltering in vulnerable populations should be pursued.
High Sodium Intakes are Associated with High Blood Pressure in South‐Indians
Authors: Bermudez Odiia , Ravi Sripriya , Thanikachalam Mohan , Vanzan Hari , Vasudevan Preethi , Must Aviva , Thanikachalam Sadagopan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the association between sodium intake and hypertension in adults from Tamil Nadu, South India.MethodsA sample of 8080 men and women (> 20y) recruited for the study was assessed for anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and key blood parameters. Dietary data were collected using 24‐hr recalls. The association of sodium (Na) intake and BP was analysed using t‐tests. Correlations of Na intake with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP and key variables were estimated.ResultsCompared to recommended intakes <2 g/d of Na, mean NA intakes in the study group was higher at 3g/d, with higher intakes for men than for women (4 vs. 3 g/d, p<0.05), and also for subjects from urban, semi urban and rural locations (3.5, 3.2 and 2.6 g/d, respectively). Those intakes were different (p<0.01) in hypertensive vs. normotensive men (3.7 vs. 3.4 g/d) and women (2.8 vs. 2.7g/d).Higher Na intakes were associated with increasing waist circumference, BMI, body fat%, higher SES, anxiety and stress levels and lower physical activity levels. With increasing NA intakes there was a trend in increases in prevalence of hypertension (HBP) in both men and women.Both SBP and DBP increased with increase in quintiles of Na intakes, more in men than women: SBP increased from 123 ± 18 to 128 ± 19 (p<0.01) and DBP increased from 77 ± 11 to 79 ± 12 (p<0.01) in men, while in women SBP increased from 120 ± 20 to 120 ± 20 to (p<0.01) and DBP increased from 75 ±11 to 75 ±11 (p >0.05).ConclusionsThe association between higher Na intakes and HBP is evident. These findings suggest a pressing need for community‐based efforts in the prevention and control of HBP to avert an epidemic of cardiovascular disease.
Prevalence of Deficient Vitamin B12 Intake in a South Indian Population
Authors: Ravi Sripriya , Vanzan Hari , Thanikachalam Sadagopan , Vasudevan Preethi , Must Aviva , Thanikachalam Mohan , Bermudez Odilia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveVitamin B12 is needed for the metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy). Here we examine intake of B12 and its association with Hcy levels in rural and urban adults in South India.Methods: A randomly selected sample of 8080 (urban: 2221; semi‐urban: 2821; rural areas: 3038) participants (mean age 42 years; 58% women) had diet, anthropometric, blood pressure (BP) and key blood parameters, including Hcy, assessments.Results: B12 intake was higher in urban (1.9 ± 0.9ug/d) compared to semi‐urban (1.4 ± 0.7 ug/d), and rural (1.2± 0.7ug/d) adults (p <0.01). Women had significantly (p<0.01) lower intakes of B12 compared to men across age groups and area (1.42 ± 0.8 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8 ug/d). Vegetarians (n=594) had higher intakes of B12 compared to non‐vegetarians (n=7058) (1.6 ± 0.7 vs. 1.5 ± 0.8; p< 0.05). A greater percentage of non‐vegetarian women (40%) had intakes <1ug/d compared to vegetarian women (20%). About 40 % of both rural and semi urban women consumed <1ug of B12 /day. About 20% of men from all locations and urban women had <1ug /d of B12. Milk and milk products were the primary sources of B12 for both sexes across locations. B12 intakes correlated inversely and significantly with Hcy levels (p<0.01), with greater associations in men compared to women (p<0.01).ConclusionsA high proportion of participants have low B12 intake, especially among those from rural and semi‐urban areas and among non‐vegetarians. Consumption of meat does not seem to improve B 12 intake. Interventions to improve B 12 intake are needed.
Fatty Acid Analysis of Citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex TANAKA) Seed Oil and Its Regulation Effects on Nitric Oxide Production, Lipid Accumulation, and Leptin Secretion
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Kim Kyoung Kon , Kang Yun Hwan , Kim Dae Jung , Choe Myeon 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCitron seed oil (CSO) has been reported to have high antioxidant activity. However, the composition of CSO and other biologically activities are not reported. In this study, we confirmed the fatty acid composition of CSO that may be beneficial to vascular disease and obesity.MethodsWe investigated the oil composition using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis, and cytotoxicity were confirmed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured with Griess reagent, and lipid accumulation and leptin secretion in 3T3‐L1 cells were measured by Oil‐Red O staining and commercial ELISA kit, respectively.ResultsGC‐MS analysis indicates that CSO contains several components, including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and arachidic acid. In physiological activity research, CSO did not induce cytotoxic effect in HUVECs and 3T3‐L1 cells. Further, CSO significantly induced nitric oxide and leptin secretion, and inhibited lipid accumulation.ConclusionThe effects of CSO on increase of NO release, inhibition of lipid accumulation, and induction of leptin secretion suggest that CSO may be useful for the management of vessels and weight gain. Although further studies are required to investigate safety and reaction mechanism of CSO, our results show that the composition and physiological activity of CSO are enough for use as functional edible oil.
Examining Junior High and High School Students' Willingness to Consume Foods and Beverages Recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Authors: Zawodniak Brittany , Cater Melissa , Miketinas Derek , Tuuri Georgianna 
Published: June 2021

Understanding adolescents' willingness to consume foods and beverages is important because preferences impact consumption. This study examined junior high and high school students' willingness to consume 9 foods and beverages recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines For Americans and 9 high fat and sugar alternatives to these items. 288 students completed the survey (67.4% junior high, 51.7% female, 76% white). Willingness data were gathered using a 4‐point Likert‐type scale ranging from “always unwilling” to “always willing,” with an option to select “never eaten.” Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Axis factoring with a Promax (oblique) rotation returned 3 factors. Factor 1 included ice cream, French fries, pizza, chips, fried chicken, donuts, and cookies (22.6% of the variance). Factor 2 included whole‐wheat pasta and whole‐wheat toast (13.5% of the variance). Factor 3 included 100% fruit juice, raw vegetables, and fresh fruit (6.6% of the variance). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha (Factor 1 = .802, Factor 2 = .724, Factor 3 = .558). Group mean scores for Factors 2 and 3 were significantly higher for high school students compared to junior high students (t = .47, p < .05 and t = .31, p < .001, respectively). This preliminary study provides valuable insight into food preference patterns, and therefore eating behaviors, of adolescents.Funded in part by Hatch Act Funds # LAB 93846
Healthy Kids Obesity Risk Assessment Demonstrates Predictive Validity in Sample of Low‐income Children
Authors: Townsend Marilyn , Shilts Mical , Styne Dennis , Allen Lindsay , Drake Christiana , Ontai Lenna 
Published: June 2021

Medical providers would benefit from a risk assessment tool to supplement a physical exam to predict a BMI trajectory in young children, 3‐5 years. Our objective is to estimate predictive validity of a pictorial assessment tool based on BMI collected 23 months later. Low‐income parents (n=103) provided data about themselves and their young children. Longitudinal data collection included the 43‐item Healthy Kids (HK) and child height/weight for BMI percentile and was repeated 23 months later. Of the 43 potential behavioral items, 14 were selected for the final model using random forests analysis and stepwise regression to predict BMI percentile. The R2 was .74 for the final model that included the HK items and BMI percentile compared to an R2 of .56 for BMI percentile alone. The partial F‐test (F = 4.01, p<.0001) comparing a model with BMI percentile and HK to model with BMI percentile only supports the predictive value of HK tool. Summing the estimates indicates a negative relationship; the lower the HK score, the higher the child's BMI percentile 23 months later. Healthy Kids tool for low‐literate parents adds predictive value to the medical providers' knowledge of the child's BMI.Supported by National Research Initiative #2009‐55215‐05019 & Agriculture and food Research Initiative #2010‐85215‐20658 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Human Nutrition and Obesity 93330.
Chia Seed Oil Supplementation Has No Influence on Running Performance
Authors: Nieman David , Gillitt Nicholas , Meaney Mary Pat , Dew Dustin , Jin Fuxia 
Published: June 2021

Plasma ALA levels peak about 2 h after ingestion, and 60‐85% is utilized by tissues for energy, higher than the 50% shown for other oils. This study determined if consuming 10.5 kcal/kg ALA‐rich chia seed oil before and during running to exhaustion improved performance compared to water. Runners (N=24, age 38.0±1.7 y, VO2max 47.9±1.6 ml/kg/min) reported to the lab twice in an overnight fasted state, 2 weeks apart (randomized, crossover). After a blood sample at 8:00 am, subjects ingested 10 ml/kg water with or without 7 kcal/kg chia seed oil, provided a blood sample at 8:30 am, and then ran to exhaustion (70% VO2max). Subjects ingested 3 ml/kg water/15 min during both trials, and 3.5 kcal/kg chia seed oil after 1 h running. Metabolic measures (Cosmed CPET, Rome, Italy) and RPE were measured during the running bouts. Blood samples were collected immediately‐ and 1‐h post‐exercise, and analyzed for ALA, glucose, lactate, cortisol, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and total leukocytes. Despite elevated plasma ALA during the chia seed oil (337%) compared to the water trial (35%) (70.8±8.6, 20.3±1.8 μg/ml, P<0.001), run time to exhaustion did not differ (1.86±0.10, 1.91±0.13 h, P=0.775). No trial differences were found for the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (0.89±0.01, 0.90±0.01, P=0.210), RPE (P=0.917), plasma glucose (P=0.511), or lactate (P=0.308). Significant increases were measured for total leukocytes, plasma cortisol, and cytokines, with no trial differences. In summary, chia seed oil supplementation (10.5 kcal/kg) before and during high‐intensity running, increased plasma ALA but did not enhance run time to exhaustion, or influence RER, cortisol, and inflammation responses compared to water alone.Support, Dole Foods, Inc.
Effects of Camel Casein Hydrolysate Addition on Microbiological and Rheological Properties of Yoghurt
Authors: ALSALEH Abdulrahman , Metwalli Ali , Ismail Elsayed , Alkhalifa Abdulrahman 
Published: June 2021

Camel milk plays an important source of nutrients in arid lands and consumed as fresh ,pasteurized and fermented. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of camel and cow casein hydrolysates by trypsin enzyme on rheological and sensory properties and growth of starter culture of yoghurts made from cow milk. Caseins were separated from camel and cow milk ,and hydrolyzed by trypsin enzyme. The hydrolysates were added at concentration of (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) to yoghurt made from cow milk. Results showed that casein hydrolysates strongly decreased the fermentation and coagulation time of the yoghurts. The rate of pH decrease was higher with camel casein hydrolysate in comparison with cow casein hydrolysate at all concentrations (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) Viscosities of the yoghurt made with hydrolysates significantly (p蠄0.05) decreased than control samples. The addition of the hydrolysates significantly (p蠄0.05) increased the hardness and adhesiveness of the yoghurts. No significant differences in water holding capacity of control and treated samples were observed. However, increasing casein hydrolysate addition to 1.5% decreased water holding capacity of yoghurt samples. The sensory evaluation scores of the yoghurts were significantly (p蠄0.05) improved with the addition of casein hydrolysates.
Brazilian Heavy Consumers of Yogurt Present Better Adherence to Dietary Dairy Guidelines than Non‐consumers
Authors: fisberg mauro , Possa Gabriela , Fisberg Regina 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Analyze the consumption of yogurt and association with adherence to dietary (dairy) guidelines in adults living in São Paulo, BrazilMethods:2557 subjects were recruited according to their intake of yogurt and distributed into 2 groups: heavy consumers (蠅4 times/week) and non/low‐consumers of yogurt (less than once a week), paired by social economic level, age and gender. Interviewers collected data through face‐to‐face household interviews. Firstly, a questionnaire was applied to obtain data about yogurt intake frequency, demographic and socioeconomic classification. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria went to the second phase of interview, in which data about habitual food intake was evaluated using a validated Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire containing 65 food itemsResults:Heavy consumers of yogurt had lower daily intake of carbohydrate, iron, sodium and alcohol and higher daily intake of protein, saturated fat, fiber, total sugar, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium than non‐consumers (p <0.05). Furthermore, heavy consumers showed significantly higher mean intake of milk, milk shaked with fruits, cheese, total dairy products and higher daily number of consumed servings of dairy products than non‐consumers (3.4 vs. 1.4 servings/day; p<0.05)ConclusionHeavy consumers of yogurt presented globally better nutrients intake, with a mean of calcium intake higher than the recommended daily intake of calcium (1000mg/day). Besides this, different from the non‐consumers, heavy consumers met in average the dairy dietary guidelines, which recommend the intake of three dairy servings per day
Associations of Parathyroid Hormone Concentration Among Alaska Natives of Western Alaska
Authors: Luick Bret , Bersamin Andrea , Stern Judith 
Published: June 2021

No reports of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations are available for Alaska Native populations. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: PTH, serum 25(OH)D, dietary calcium and demographic variables were collected from 496 Alaska Natives of Western Alaska (43% males) ages 14‐92y residing in Southwestern Alaska. Results: Estimated calcium intake was 470 ± 341 and 376 ± 245 mg/d among men and women, respectively. Median PTH concentration (pmol/L) was 6.96 (2.4‐37.2), and 6.0 (2.4‐24.2) among men and 7.7 (2.6‐37.2) among women. In MLR models, predictors of PTH were 25(OH)D (P=0.02) and BMI (P=0.04) among men, and BMI (P<0.01), 25(OH)D (P=0.01) and an age x BMI interaction (P=0.02) among women.ConclusionBroadly low calcium intake was likely related to elevated PTH levels, but resulted in a weak calcium and PTH relationship. PTH concentrations were apparently moderated by 25(OH)D.
Alcohol Use and Zinc Status in HIV+ Adults in Miami, Florida
Authors: Alvarado Glenda , Ceballos Liena , Baum Marianna , Stewart Tiffanie , Fleetwood Christina , Martinez Sabrina , Campa Adriana 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Zinc (Zn) deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in HIV, and is not reversed with ART. Zn deficiency affects the immune system and may be aggravated by excessive alcohol use. We examined the effect of alcohol consumption on plasma and dietary Zn, and its association with disease progression in HIV+ adults.Methods:After consenting, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score 蠅8 was used to identify excessive alcohol intake among 274 HIV+ adults. Nutrient intake was estimated with two 24‐hour dietary recalls; blood was drawn for plasma Zn levels, and parameters of HIV disease progression were obtained from medical charts.Results:Mean age was 45.9±7.8, 64% were male, 69% were Black, 43% had excessive alcohol drinking, 65% were Zn deficient, 40% used multivitamins with 15 mg Zn/day. CD4 cell count was lower in excessive alcohol drinkers compared to non‐drinkers or moderate drinkers (374.8±54.1 vs. 459.2±62.6 cells/mm3, P=0.029). CD4 cell count and viral load were better in non‐drinkers and moderate drinkers (β=0.2, SE=1.7, P=0.03 and β=‐0.18, SE=0.22, P=0.049, respectively) than in excessive drinkers. There was no relationship between excessive drinking and Zn deficiency. Excessive drinking was correlated with tobacco (r=0.24, P<0.001) and illicit drug use (r=0.25, P<0.001). Zn intake was correlated with energy (r=0.491, P<0.001) and protein (r=0.718, P<0.001) intake, but not with plasma levels of Zn.ConclusionModerate or no alcohol consumption is associated with better measures of HIV disease progression than excessive drinking, but is not associated with Zn deficiency.Funded by NIDA & NIAAA
Food Craving in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Shams‐White Marissa , Kelly Michael , Roberts Susan , Must Aviva , Parsons Susan , Saltzman Edward , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors are at an increased risk of obesity, but the causes for this elevated risk are not entirely understood. Cancer treatment may impact the hypothalamic‐pituitary region of the brain, causing long‐term changes in food cravings and intake.Procedure:We used a modified Food Craving Inventory to assess total food craving and craving for carbohydrates, sweets, fat and fast‐foods in 22 survivors of pediatric leukemia and lymphoma (median age at study entry = 11.7 years; median years since diagnosis = 5.6 years) at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We further explored whether cancer‐ and treatment‐related factors were associated with craving and whether food craving predicted weight gain in childhood cancer survivors.Results:The mean total craving score at baseline was 2.1 (SD=0.7), and the mean score for each component, from the highest to the lowest, was 2.6 (SD=0.9) for fast‐foods, 2.1 (SD=0.8) for sweets, 2.0 (SD=0.6) for carbohydrates, and 1.8 (SD=0.7) for fat. No significant trend in food craving was detected during the one‐year follow‐up. Compared to survivors diagnosed at a younger age (<4.5 years), those diagnosed at an older age (蠅4.5 years) had a significantly higher total craving (2.5 vs. 1.7, p=0.007) and craving for fast‐foods (2.9 vs. 2.1, p=0.03), sweets (2.5 vs 1.8, p=0.03), carbohydrates (2.3 vs 1.7, p=0.03), and fat (2.1 vs. 1.3, p=0.004). Food craving was not significantly associated with changes in BMI z‐score in the 16 survivors who completed follow‐up visits.ConclusionsAge at diagnosis may potentially affect food craving in childhood cancer survivors. Future large‐scale studies are needed to further evaluate food craving in childhood cancer survivors.