bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and application of a novel in vivo cervical spine kinematics analysis technique
Authors: Wan Zongmiao , Wang Wenjin , Li Chao , Li Junjie , Lin Jinpeng , Tian Fei , Zhu Ting , Wu Danni , Guo Luqi , Wang Shaobai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo validate the accuracy of Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cervical spine modeling with three dimensional (3D)-3D registration for in vivo measurements of cervical spine kinematics. CBCT model accuracy was validated by superimposition with computed tomography (CT) models in 10 healthy young adults, and then cervical vertebrae were registered in six end positions of functional movements, versus a neutral position, in 5 healthy young adults. Registration errors and six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) kinematics were calculated and reported. Relative to CT models, mean deviations of the CBCT models were < 0.6 mm. Mean registration errors between end positions and the reference neutral position were < 0.7 mm. During flexion–extension (F–E), the translation in the three directions was small, mostly < 1 mm, with coupled LB and AR both < 1°. During lateral bending (LB), the bending was distributed roughly evenly, with coupled axial rotation (AR) opposite to the LB at C1–C2, and minimal coupled F–E. During AR, most of the rotation occurred in the C1–C2 segment (29.93 ± 7.19° in left twist and 31.38 ± 8.49° in right twist) and coupled LB was observed in the direction opposite to that of the AR. Model matching demonstrated submillimeter accuracy in cervical spine kinematics data. The presently evaluated low-radiation-dose CBCT technique can be used to measure 3D spine kinematics in vivo across functional F–E, AR, and LB positions, which has been especially challenging for the upper cervical spine.
Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters
Authors: Tüngler Anne , Van der Auwera Sandra , Wittfeld Katharina , Frenzel Stefan , Terock Jan , Röder Nele , Homuth Georg , Völzke Henry , Bülow Robin , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Janowitz Deborah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence from previous studies suggests that elevated body mass index (BMI) and genetic risk for obesity is associated with reduced brain volume, particularly in areas of reward-related cognition, e.g. the medial prefrontal cortex (AC-MPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the striatum and the thalamus. However, only few studies examined the interplay between these factors in a joint approach. Moreover, previous findings are based on cross-sectional data. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between increased BMI, brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and genetic risk scores in a cohort of n = 502 community-dwelling participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a mean follow-up-time of 4.9 years. We found that (1) increased BMI values at baseline were associated with decreased brain parameters at follow-up. These effects were particularly pronounced for the OFC and AC-MPFC. (2) The genetic predisposition for BMI had no effect on brain parameters at baseline or follow-up. (3) The interaction between the genetic score for BMI and brain parameters had no effect on BMI at baseline. Finding a significant impact of overweight, but not genetic predisposition for obesity on altered brain structure suggests that metabolic mechanisms may underlie the relationship between obesity and altered brain structure.
A new model for predicting boiling points of alkanes
Authors: Mukwembi Simon , Nyabadza Farai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA general perception among researchers is that boiling points, which is a key property in the optimization of lubricant performance, are difficult to predict successfully using a single-parameter model. In this contribution, we propose a new graph parameter which we call, for lack of better terminology, the conduction of a graph. We exploit the conduction of a graph to develop a single-parameter model for predicting the boiling point of any given alkane. The model was used to predict the boiling points for three sets of test data and predicted with a coefficient of determination, $$R^2=0.7516,~0.7898$$

R
2

=
0.7516
,

0.7898

and 0.6488, respectively. The accuracy of our model compares favourably to the accuracy of experimental data in the literature. Our results have significant implications on the estimation of boiling points of chemical compounds in the absence of experimental data.
Comparisons of deep learning algorithms for diagnosing bacterial keratitis via external eye photographs
Authors: Kuo Ming-Tse , Hsu Benny Wei-Yun , Lin Yi-Sheng , Fang Po-Chiung , Yu Hun-Ju , Chen Alexander , Yu Meng-Shan , Tseng Vincent S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBacterial keratitis (BK), a painful and fulminant bacterial infection of the cornea, is the most common type of vision-threatening infectious keratitis (IK). A rapid clinical diagnosis by an ophthalmologist may often help prevent BK patients from progression to corneal melting or even perforation, but many rural areas cannot afford an ophthalmologist. Thanks to the rapid development of deep learning (DL) algorithms, artificial intelligence via image could provide an immediate screening and recommendation for patients with red and painful eyes. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the potentials of different DL algorithms for diagnosing BK via external eye photos. External eye photos of clinically suspected IK were consecutively collected from five referral centers. The candidate DL frameworks, including ResNet50, ResNeXt50, DenseNet121, SE-ResNet50, EfficientNets B0, B1, B2, and B3, were trained to recognize BK from the photo toward the target with the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Via five-cross validation, EfficientNet B3 showed the most excellent average AUROC, in which the average percentage of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 74, 64, 77, and 61. There was no statistical difference in diagnostic accuracy and AUROC between any two of these DL frameworks. The diagnostic accuracy of these models (ranged from 69 to 72%) is comparable to that of the ophthalmologist (66% to 74%). Therefore, all these models are promising tools for diagnosing BK in first-line medical care units without ophthalmologists.
Neural correlates of product attachment to cosmetics
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshiaki , Noriuchi Madoka , Isobe Hiroko , Shirato Maki , Hirao Naoyasu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe neurobiological basis of brand and product attachment has received much attention in consumer neuroscience research, although it remains unclear. In this study, we conducted functional MRI experiments involving female users of famous luxury brand cosmetics as participants, based on the regions of interest involved in human attachment and object attachment. The results showed that the left ventral pallidum (VP), which is involved in positive reward, and the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), which is involved in self-concept, a key concept in object attachment, are the core regions in cosmetic attachment. Moreover, the performed psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that VP-temporoparietal junction connectivity positively correlated with activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and PCC–anterior hippocampus (aHC) connectivity positively correlated with subjective evaluation of attachment. The former suggests that object attachment is a human-like attachment and a stronger tendency of anthropomorphism is associated with stronger feelings of security. The latter suggests that the individual’s concept of attachment as well as the relationships with the attached cosmetics are represented in the aHC, and the PCC–aHC associations produce subjective awareness of the attachment relationships. These associations between memory and reward systems have been shown to play critical roles in cosmetic attachment.
Network oscillations imply the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control during idea generation in open-ended creation tasks
Authors: Jia Wenjun , von Wegner Frederic , Zhao Mengting , Zeng Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesign is a ubiquitous, complex, and open-ended creation behaviour that triggers creativity. The brain dynamics underlying design is unclear, since a design process consists of many basic cognitive behaviours, such as problem understanding, idea generation, idea analysis, idea evaluation, and idea evolution. In this present study, we simulated the design process in a loosely controlled setting, aiming to quantify the design-related cognitive workload and control, identify EEG-defined large-scale brain networks, and uncover their temporal dynamics. The effectiveness of this loosely controlled setting was tested through comparing the results with validated findings available in the literature. Task-related power (TRP) analysis of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands revealed that idea generation was associated with the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control, compared to other design activities in the experiment, including problem understanding, idea evaluation, and self-rating. EEG microstate analysis supported this finding as microstate class C, being negatively associated with the cognitive control network, was the most prevalent in idea generation. Furthermore, EEG microstate sequence analysis demonstrated that idea generation was consistently associated with the shortest temporal correlation times concerning finite entropy rate, autoinformation function, and Hurst exponent. This finding suggests that during idea generation the interplay of functional brain networks is less restricted and the brain has more degrees of freedom in choosing the next network configuration than during other design activities. Taken together, the TRP and EEG microstate results lead to the conclusion that idea generation is associated with the highest cognitive workload and lowest cognitive control during open-ended creation task.
Evidence of feedback regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide during Vosoritide therapy in Achondroplasia
Authors: Prickett Timothy C. R. , Espiner Eric A. , Irving Melita , Bacino Carlos , Phillips John A. , Savarirayan Ravi , Day Jonathan R. S. , Fisheleva Elena , Larimore Kevin , Chan Ming Liang , Jeha George S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence from genetic disorders of CNP signalling suggests that plasma concentrations of CNP are subject to feedback regulation. In subjects with Achondroplasia (Ach), CNP intracellular activity is suppressed and plasma concentrations are raised but the therapeutic impact of exogenous CNP agonists on endogenous CNP is unknown. In this exploratory dose finding and extension study of 28 Ach children receiving Vosoritide over a 5 year period of treatment, endogenous CNP production was assessed using measurements of plasma aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP) adjusted for age and sex and normalised as standard deviation score (SDS), and then related to skeletal growth. Before treatment NTproCNP SDS was raised. Within the first 3 months of accelerating growth, levels were significantly reduced. Across the 5 years of sustained growth, levels varied widely and were markedly increased in some subjects during adolescence. Plasma NTproCNP was suppressed at 4 h post-injection in proportion to the prevailing level of hormone resistance as reflected by SDS before injection. We conclude CNP remains subject to regulation during growth promoting doses of Vosoritide. Fall in CNP during accelerating growth is consistent with an indirect feedback whereas the fall at 4 h is likely to be a direct effect from removal of intra cellular CNP resistance.
Divergence and efficiency optimization in polarization-controlled two-color high-harmonic generation
Authors: Roscam Abbing Sylvianne D. C. , Campi Filippo , Zeltsi Alexandra , Smorenburg Peter , Kraus Peter M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImproving the brightness of high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources is one of the major goals for next-generation ultrafast, imaging and metrology applications in the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum. Previous research efforts have demonstrated a plethora of techniques to increase the conversion efficiency of HHG. However, few studies so far have addressed how to simultaneously minimize the divergence and improve focusability, which all contribute to an increased brightness of the source. Here, we investigate how to improve both photon yield and divergence, which is directly linked to focusability, when adding the second harmonic to the fundamental driving field. We study the effects of the relative polarization in two-color HHG and compare the results to a one-color configuration. In a perpendicular two-color field, the relative phase between the two colors can be used to suppress or enhance recombination of either the long or the short trajectories. This allows to exert control over the divergence of the harmonics. In a parallel two-color field, the ionization rate is modified through the two-color phase, which selects trajectories during the ionization step. This enhances the total yield. We elaborate on the underlying mechanisms for parallel, perpendicular, and intermediate polarization angles, and confirm our experimental observations with simulations.
Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Ayehu Gashaw Walle , Asnakew Sintayehu , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Amare Tadeg Jemere , Teshome Fentaw , Teshome Assefa Agegnehu , Arage Getachew , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Gebremariam Alemayehu Digssie , Engidaw Melaku Tadege , Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetes has become a major public health problem, with 4.6 million deaths annually. The number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes is on the rise and has a diverse prevalence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to synthesize the pooled estimate prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The databases Medline, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search were used to find potential studies published from January 2013 until January 2021. Extracted data were entered into the excel spreadsheet. The random effects model with Der Simonian-Laird weights was used to assess the pooled estimate of prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to screen for statistical heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's statistical test were also used to search for any publication bias (small study effect). After extensive searching of articles on different databases, a total of nine studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was 5.75%, 95% CI (3.90–7.59%), and 8.94%, 95% CI (2.60–15.28%), respectively. Regarding the associated factors, participants family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes status. The pooled odds of developing diabetes mellitus among participants with a family history of diabetes mellitus were about 3.56 times higher than those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.56, 95% CI (2.23, 5.68)). In this review, the higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was observed among adults in Ethiopia. Family history of diabetes was found to have an association with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Our finding highlights the need of screening at the community level, with special focus on adults with family history of diabetes mellitus.
Efficacy of steroid therapy for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Murakami Terumi , Sato Takatoshi , Adachi Michiru , Ishiguro Kumiko , Shichiji Minobu , Tachimori Hisateru , Nagata Satoru , Ishigaki Keiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough there is only symptomatic treatment for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), several reports have suggested that steroid therapy could be effective for FCMD; however, no independent intervention studies have been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid therapy for restoring motor functions in FCMD patients. This study involved 3-to-10-year-old FCMD patients who exhibited a decline in motor functions, requested steroid therapy. Patients with consent started oral administration of 0.5-mg/kg prednisolone every alternate day, which was increased to 1.0 mg/kg if the response was inadequate. We used the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) to evaluate and compare the motor functions of all patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level, P ≤ 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. At the onset of steroid therapy, 8.10 years (SD, 2.14 years) was the mean age of FCMD patients. The mean GMFM difference between before and after the steroid therapy was + 1.23 (SD, 1.10), and a P value of 0.015 represented significant improvement in GMFM. Our results indicate that steroid therapy may contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the motor functions of advanced-stage FCMD patients.Clinical Trial Registration Registration Number: UMIN000020715, Registration Date: Feb 1st, 2016 (01/02/2016).
Shape-selective one-step synthesis of branched gold nanoparticles on the crystal surface of redox-active PdII-macrocycles
Authors: Yamashita Yutaro , Tashiro Shohei , Ishii Yoshiki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Matsushita Nobuyuki , Kubota Ryou , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Redox-active PdII3-macrocycle crystals were found to provide an excellent platform for gold reduction and growth of immobilized particles, leading to the one-step synthesis of stable, monodisperse, Konpeito-shaped gold nanoparticles.
Pharyngeal Pressure Variability During Volitional Swallowing Maneuvers
Authors: Teplansky Kristin J. , Jones Corinne A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Within-individual pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability differs among pharyngeal regions in healthy individuals and increases with age. It remains unknown if pharyngeal pressure variability is impacted by volitional swallowing tasks. We hypothesized that pressure variability would increase during volitional swallowing maneuvers and differ among pharyngeal regions depending on the type of swallowing task being performed.

Method:
Pharyngeal high-resolution manometry was used to record swallowing pressure data from 156 healthy participants during liquid (5 cc) or saliva swallows, and during volitional swallowing tasks including effortful swallow, Mendelsohn maneuver, Masako maneuver, or during postural adjustments. The coefficient of variation was used to determine pressure variability of velopharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter regions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used on log-transformed data to examine effects of pharyngeal region and swallowing tasks on swallow-to-swallow variability.

Results:

There was a significant main effect of task with greater pressure variability for the effortful swallow (
p
= .002), Mendelsohn maneuver (
p
< .001), Masako maneuver (
p
= .002), and the head turn (
p
= .006) compared with normal effort swallowing. There was also a significant main effect of region (
p
< .01). In general, swallowing pressure variability was lower for the tongue base and upper esophageal sphincter regions than the hypopharynx. There was no significant interaction of task and region (effortful,
p
= .182; Mendelsohn,
p
= .365; Masako,
p
= .885; chin tuck,
p
= .840; head turn,
p
= .059; and inverted,
p
= .773).

Conclusions:
Pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability increases in healthy individuals during volitional swallowing tasks. Less stable swallow patterns may result when tasks are less automatic and greater in complexity. These findings may have relevance to swallowing motor control integrity in healthy aging and individuals with neurogenic dysphagia.
Gewalttätigkeiten in Partnerschaften – Männer
und Frauen mit Suchtproblemen als Opfer und
Täter/Täterinnen
Authors: Vogt Irmgard 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag geht es um Gewalttätigkeiten in Partnerschaften und den
Zusammenhang mit dem Konsum bzw. Missbrauch von Alkohol und anderen
(stimulierenden) psychoaktiven Substanzen. Hellfelddaten, die vom
Bundeskriminalamt zusammengestellt werden, belegen, dass rund ¼
derjenigen, die wegen Gewalttätigkeiten in Partnerschaften angezeigt
werden, unter dem Einfluss von Alkohol stehen; die Mehrzahl von ihnen ist
männlich, die Minderheit weiblich. Jedoch belegen Befragungsdaten (sog.
Dunkelfelddaten), dass das Ausmaß der Partnerschaftsgewalt viel
höher ist und viel höhere Zahlen von Täter:innen und
Opfern existieren. Zudem zeigen Studien, die mit den Conflict Tactics Scales
durchgeführt worden sind, dass das Aggressionsniveau von Männern
und Frauen sich wenig voneinander unterscheidet. Das gilt allerdings nicht
für sexualisierte Gewalt, Frauen sind fast immer die Opfer von
sexualisierter Gewalt. Zusammengefasst kann festgehalten werden, dass
Männer und Frauen sich in etwa gleicher Häufigkeit sowohl
„nüchtern“ als auch unter dem Einfluss von psychoaktiven
Substanzen in leichte aggressive Auseinandersetzungen einlassen, aber es sind
vor allem Männer, die darüber hinaus gehen, insbesondere
hinsichtlich sexueller Gewalt. Schätzungen auf der Basis von
Behandlungsdaten weisen darauf hin, dass rund 2/3 der Frauen, die in
einer Suchtbehandlung sind, Opfer von Partnerschaftsgewalt sind. Eine kleinere
Gruppe von Frauen ist in kleinere aggressive Auseinandersetzungen involviert und
einige wenige Frauen sind selbst gewalttätig. Diese Gruppen von Frauen
benötigen unterschiedliche Hilfsprogramme ebenso wie Männer als
Gewalttäter oder Opfer, damit sie sich entweder gegen Gewalt in
Partnerschaften wehren können oder ihren Ärger und ihre
Impulsivität kontrollieren lernen.
Enxerto do tendão fibular longo na reconstrução do canto posterolateral do joelho
Authors: Oliveira Diego Escudeiro de , Horita Melanie Mayumi , Salas Victor Eduardo Roman , Severino Fabricio Roberto , Guglielmetti Luiz Gabriel Betoni , Jorge Pedro Baches 
Published: December 2021

ResumoO canto posterolateral tem grande importância na estabilidade do joelho. Sua lesão pode ser negligenciada, o que tem um impacto direto no prognóstico e resulta em instabilidade residual, dor crônica, deformidades e falha do reparo de outras estruturas. Existem diversas técnicas de reconstrução do canto posterolateral e o uso de enxertos autólogos dos isquiotibiais ou homólogos são as mais comuns. Uma opção pouco utilizada para reconstruções ligamentares no joelho é o enxerto do tendão fibular longo. Apesar de descrito como boa opção na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior, não foi encontrado nenhum caso de uso do enxerto do tendão fibular longo na reconstrução do canto posterolateral. Neste artigo, descrevemos o caso de um paciente submetido a reconstrução não anatômica do canto posterolateral com uso do enxerto do tendão fibular longo.O paciente foi submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos para reconstrução ligamentar e correção de deformidade ocasionada pela falha do enxerto, mas manteve instabilidade ligamentar. No planejamento pré-operatório, optou-se pela reconstrução do canto posterolateral com enxerto do tendão fibular longo ipsilateral.Estudos evidenciaram que o enxerto do tendão fibular longo não provoca aumento de morbidade em relação ao tornozelo abordado, bem como se apresenta com comprimento e diâmetro favoráveis à reconstrução ligamentar. Dessa forma, este artigo aponta para a importância do diagnóstico correto das lesões ligamentares na fase aguda, e para uma nova técnica na reconstrução do canto posterolateral, que deve fazer parte do arsenal de conhecimentos do cirurgião, pois aumenta as opções de técnicas.