bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Mortality and Cardiovascular Events by Income and Blood Pressure Levels Among Patients With Hypertension in South Korea
Authors: Shin Jeong‐Hun , Jung Mi‐Hyang , Kwon Chang Hee , Lee Chan Joo , Kim Dae‐Hee , Kim Hack‐Lyoung , Kim Woohyeun , Kang Si‐Hyuck , Lee Ju‐Hee , Kim Hyue Mee , Cho In‐Jeong , Cho Iksung , Lee Jun Hyeok , Kang Dae Ryong , Lee Hae‐Young , Chung Wook‐Jin , Ihm Sang‐Hyun , Kim Kwang Il , Cho Eun Joo , Sohn Il‐Suk , Kim Hyeon‐Chang , Park Sungha , Shin Jinho , Kim Ju Han , Ryu Sung Kee , Kang Seok‐Min , Pyun Wook Bum , Cho Myeong‐Chan , Sung Ki‐Chul 
Published: March 2021

Background
Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in risk factors of cardiovascular disease and increased risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, it is unclear whether an association exists between cardiovascular disease and income, a common measure of socioeconomic status, among patients with hypertension.

Methods and Results
This population‐based longitudinal study comprised 479 359 patients aged ≥19 years diagnosed with essential hypertension. Participants were categorized by income and blood pressure levels. Primary end point was all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and secondary end points were cardiovascular events, a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Low income was significantly associated with high all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.23–1.29, lowest versus highest income) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.25–1.38) as well as cardiovascular events (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.10) in patients with hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and the use of aspirin or statins. In each blood pressure category, low‐income levels were associated with high all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events. The excess risks of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were more prominent in the lowest income group.

Conclusions
Low income and uncontrolled blood pressure are associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. These findings suggest that income is an important aspect of social determinants of health that has an impact on cardiovascular outcomes in the care of hypertension.
Comparative Studies between UK-Listed and Japan-Listed Banks
Authors: Mak Ka Wai , Rogge Ebbe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper studies (i) the effects of external directors and managerial ownership, and (ii) the effects of shareholder monitoring, on risk-taking at banks. The former is part of the internal control mechanisms, the latter of external control. It also examines the difference between control mechanisms in the UK and in Japan. It shows that shareholder supremacy is likely to weaken corporate governance at banks. In particular, it finds that: (i) the substituted effects between internal and external controls differ between countries, or that the substituted effects of governance mechanisms may not exist; (ii) an internal corporate governance approach to shareholder supremacy increases risk-taking at banks; and (iii) foreign shareholders are likely to increase risk-taking at banks.
Queer Theology and Youth & Young Adult Ministry
Authors: Canales Arthur David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is an invitation to Christian youth & young adult educators and ministers to be more understanding of queer theology and to discern its place within ministry to and for young people. The article examines the term “queer,” queer theology, and the placement of queer theology in youth & young adult ministry. Finally the article provides queer pastoral and pedagogical strategies and methods for integration into youth and young adult ministry.
Reflections on Ministry amongst Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Holmes Sarah , Sandsmark Astrid , Sonnenberg Ronelle , Weber Shantelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The role and function of children’s ministry during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic is explored, including a comparison of observations from four different contexts: Norway, South Africa, The Netherlands, The United Kingdom. Theological reflection examines the emerging ecclesiologies, form and adaptation of sacramental practices and pastoral care of families during this time of crisis. This investigation acknowledges awareness that there were significant restrictions and consequent challenges facing churches during this time, causing implications on children’s ministry that were unprecedented and frustrating for the Church on a global scale. Observations and recommendations are presented to aid churches globally in ensuring that children’s ministry during such times of crisis is child-centred, values the child as part of the body of Christ, fosters intergenerational role modelling and solidarity, and helps rather than hinders children on their spiritual journey.
Hyperviscosity-related retinopathy and serous macular detachment in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: A mortal case in 5 years
Authors: Lai Chun-Chieh , Chang Chun-Hsiang 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To present a 5-year mortal case of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia-related retinopathy and serous macular detachment. Case report: A 63-year-old man, with unremarkable medical history, presented with bilateral decreased vision for 2 months. Fundus examination revealed bilateral scattered retinal hemorrhages, exudates, venous tortuosity, and serous macular detachment. Hematologic and biochemistry profiles showed pancytopenia with blood smear demonstrating erythrocyte rouleaux formation. Hyperviscosity syndrome was suspected and later Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia was diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy and high concentration of serum IgM. Plasmapheresis and subsequent chemotherapy were arranged. In spite of resolution of most retinal abnormalities, his visual acuity still showed no improvement with a persistent bilateral macular detachment. The patient then died 5 years after the diagnosis of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Conclusions: Long-term toxicity of IgM to the retinal pigment epithelium may impede the resolution of the persistent serous macular detachment, resulting in an inability of recovery in his vision. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely reduction of serum paraproteins by plasmapheresis and chemotherapy is critical for preventing permanent damages to patients’ health and vision.
Augmented trabeculectomy-outcomes of first hundred versus second hundred surgeries of a fellowship-trained glaucoma surgeon
Authors: Rattanasirivilai Pornjittra , Ali Zaria Christine , Khoo Dawnn Ira , Shankar Vikas 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: We aim to compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C by a fellowship-trained glaucoma surgeon in the first hundred compared to second hundred surgeries. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of 200 consecutive surgeries from May 2015 to January 2017. Primary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) control and use of IOP-lowering medications. Success between first hundred (Group 1) and second hundred (Group 2) patients were reported using World Glaucoma Association guidelines. Kaplan-Meier survival demonstrated complete success and qualified success. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative complications, bleb interventions and additional procedures. Results: We found no statistical difference between the first hundred and second hundred patient’s postoperative IOP at week 4 ( p = 0.17), 3 months ( p = 0.74), 6 months ( p = 0.46), 12 months ( p = 0.47), 18 months ( p = 0.13) or at final follow up ( p = 0.53). The mean final follow up period was 3.6 ± 0.7 years. Mean IOP reduction in Group 1 was from 27.1 ± 10.8 to 12.6 ± 7.1 ( p < 0.0001) and Group 2 from 22.8 ± 8.4 to 11.3 ± 4.2 ( p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier graphs showed no significant difference in complete success ( p = 0.0693) or qualified success ( p = 0.0866) between Group 1 and Group 2. Bleb interventions were not statistically significant between two groups. There was a significantly higher rate of complications with the first hundred patients ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Both first hundred and second hundred patient groups achieved statistically similar outcomes in long term IOP control. Significant reduction of complications was achieved in the second group of patients.
Cytokine release syndrome and neurological event costs in lisocabtagene maraleucel–treated patients in the TRANSCEND NHL 001 trial
Authors: Abramson Jeremy S. , Siddiqi Tanya , Garcia Jacob , Dehner Christine , Kim Yeonhee , Nguyen Andy , Snyder Sophie , McGarvey November , Gitlin Matthew , Pelletier Corey , Jun Monika P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated high response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL); however, these therapies are associated with 2 CAR T cell–specific potentially severe adverse events (AEs): cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurological events (NEs). This study estimated the management costs associated with CRS/NEs among patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL using data from the pivotal TRANSCEND NHL 001 trial of lisocabtagene maraleucel, an investigational CD19-directed defined composition CAR T-cell product with a 4-1BB costimulation domain administered at equal target doses of CD8+ and CD4+ CAR+ T cells. This retrospective analysis of patients from TRANSCEND with prospectively identified CRS and/or NE episodes examined relevant trial-observed health care resource utilization (HCRU) associated with toxicity management based on the severity of the event from the health care system perspective. Cost estimates for this analysis were taken from publicly available databases and published literature. Of 268 treated patients as of April 2019, 127 (47.4%) experienced all-grade CRS and/or NEs, which were predominantly grade ≤2 (77.2%). Median total AE management costs ranged from $1930 (grade 1 NE) to $177 343 (concurrent grade ≥3 CRS and NE). Key drivers of cost were facility expenses, including intensive care unit and other inpatient hospitalization lengths of stay. HCRU and costs were significantly greater among patients with grade ≥3 AEs (22.8%). Therefore, CAR T-cell therapies with a low incidence of severe CRS/NEs will likely reduce HCRU and costs associated with managing patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy. This clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02631044.
Revisiting IL-6 expression in the tumor microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gholiha Alex Reza , Hollander Peter , Glimelius Ingrid , Hedstrom Gustaf , Molin Daniel , Hjalgrim Henrik , Smedby Karin E. , Hashemi Jamileh , Amini Rose-Marie , Enblad Gunilla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can induce therapeutic resistance for several cancer agents currently used to treat classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We aimed to investigate whether the presence of IL-6+ leukocytes and IL-6+ Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was associated with adverse survival outcomes, expression of other immune markers, and serum IL-6 levels. We used a contemporarily treated cohort (n = 136), with a median follow-up of 13.8 years (range, 0.59-15.9 years). We performed immunohistochemistry with an IL-6 antibody on tissue microarrays from diagnostic biopsies of cHL patients. Patients with IL-6+ leukocytes ≥1% (n = 54 of 136) had inferior event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-7.15) and overall survival (HR = 6.71; 95% CI, 2.51-17.99). The adverse survival was maintained in multivariate Cox regression and propensity score-matched analyses, adjusting for well-known poor-prognostic covariates. The presence of IL-6+ HRS cells and high serum IL-6 levels were not associated with survival. IL-6+ leukocytes correlated with increased proportions of IL-6+ HRS cells (P &lt; .01), CD138+ plasma cells (P &lt; .01), CD68+ macrophages (P = .02), and tryptase-positive mast cells (P &lt; .01). IL-6+ HRS cells correlated with increased proportions of CD68+ macrophages (P = .03), programmed death-ligand 1–positive (PD-L1+) leukocytes (P = .04), and PD-L1+ HRS cells (P &lt; .01). Serum-IL-6 lacked correlation with IL-6 expression in the TME. This is the first study highlighting the adverse prognostic impact of IL-6+ leukocytes in the TME in a cohort of contemporarily treated adult patients with cHL.
Current Strategies for Noble Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Habibullah Giyaullah , Viktorova Jitka , Ruml Tomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNoble metals have played an integral part in human history for centuries; however, their integration with recent advances in nanotechnology and material sciences have provided new research opportunities in both academia and industry, which has resulted in a new array of advanced applications, including medical ones. Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) have been of great importance in the field of biomedicine over the past few decades due to their importance in personalized healthcare and diagnostics. In particular, platinum, gold and silver nanoparticles have achieved the most dominant spot in the list, thanks to a very diverse range of industrial applications, including biomedical ones such as antimicrobial and antiviral agents, diagnostics, drug carriers and imaging probes. In particular, their superior resistance to extreme conditions of corrosion and oxidation is highly appreciated. Notably, in the past two decades there has been a tremendous advancement in the development of new strategies of more cost-effective and robust NMNP synthesis methods that provide materials with highly tunable physicochemical, optical and thermal properties, and biochemical functionalities. As a result, new advanced hybrid NMNPs with polymer, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and core–shell systems have been developed with even more enhanced physicochemical characteristics that has led to exceptional diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we aim to summarize current advances in the synthesis of NMNPs (Au, Ag and Pt).
Evaluation of Juniperus communis L. seed extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in male Wistar rats
Authors: Akbari Fatemeh , Azadbakht Mohammad , Megha Kanu , Dashti Ayat , Vahedi Lale , Barzegar Nejad Ayob , Mahdizadeh Zahra , Abdi Sarkami Sahar , Sadati Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease which causes various health problems for elderly men such as urinary retention, recurring urinary tract infection and bladder stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects ofJuniperus communisL.seed extract (JCS) on BPH in male Wistar rats.MethodsTo this end, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups (N = 6): group 1 (vehicle), group 2 (disease control), group 3 (standard medicine; 10 mg/kg finasteride), and groups 4 and 5 were treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic JCS seed extract, respectively. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received testosterone enanthate to induce prostatic hyperplasia. At the end of experimental period (28 days), prostate glands were cut off under anesthesia. Histopathological examination was done and biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and protein carbonyl were also measured. Their body weights were also observed during the study. At the end of the experiment, prostate weights and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. Prostate index, inhibition prostate weight and inhibition prostate index were also calculated.ResultsBoth histopathological examination and biochemical parameter results showed significant improvements in rats treated with finasteride and 600 mg/kg JCS extract (p < 0.01). In addition, PSA levels showed significant decrease in comparison with the disease group. But acute toxicity test indicated that using JCS extract resulted in an increase in liver enzymes (ALP, LDH, SGOT, SGPT). As a result, the extract should be used with caution.ConclusionsOral administration of JCS extract is effective on preventing testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Utilization of L-glutamate as a preferred or sole nutrient in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 depends on genes encoding for the enhancer-binding protein AauR, the sigma factor RpoN and the transporter complex AatJQMP
Authors: Lundgren Benjamin R. , Shoytush Joseph M. , Scheel Ryan A. , Sain Safreen , Sarwar Zaara , Nomura Christopher T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlutamate and aspartate are preferred nutrients for a variety of microorganisms. In the case for manyPseudomonasspp., utilization of these amino acids is believed to be dependent on a transporter complex comprised of a periplasmic-solute binding protein (AatJ), two permease domains (AatQM) and an ATP-binding component (AatP). Notably, expression of this transporter complex is hypothesized to be regulated at the transcriptional level by the enhancer-binding protein AauR and the alternative sigma factor RpoN. The purpose of the current study was to determine the biological significance of the putativeaatJ-aatQMPoperon and its regulatoryaauRandrpoNgenes in the utilization of L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate and L-asparagine inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1.ResultsDeletion of theaatJ-aatQMP,aauRorrpoNgenes did not affect the growth ofP. aeruginosaPAO1 on L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate and L-asparagine equally. Instead, only growth on L-glutamate as the sole carbon source was abolished with the deletion of any one of these genes. Interestingly, growth of theaauRmutant on L-glutamate was readily restored via plasmid-based expression of theaatQMPgenes, suggesting that it is the function of AatQMP (and not AatJ) that is limiting in the absence of theaauRgene. Subsequent analysis of beta-galactosidase reporters revealed that bothaatJandaatQwere induced in response to L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate or L-asparagine in a manner dependent on theaauRandrpoNgenes. In addition, bothaatJandaatQwere expressed at reduced levels in the absence of the inducing-amino acids and the regulatoryaauRandrpoNgenes. The expression of theaatJ-aatQMPgenes is, therefore, multifaceted. Lastly, the expression levels ofaatJwere significantly higher (> 5 fold) than that ofaatQunder all tested conditions.ConclusionsThe primary function of AauR inP. aeruginosaPAO1 is to activate expression of theaatJ-aatQMPgenes in response to exogenous acidic amino acids and their amide derivatives. Importantly, it is the AauR-RpoN mediated induction of theaatQMPgenes that is the pivotal factor enablingP. aeruginosaPAO1 to effectively utilize or consume L-glutamate as a sole or preferred nutrient.
Phenylketonuria and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Zhu Ting Ting , Wu Jin , Wang Li Yuan , Sun Xiao Mei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disorder in which patients have no ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Several autoimmune diseases have been reported to combine with PKU, co-existent of PKU and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) has not been presented.

Case presentation
The girl was diagnosed with PKU at the age of 1 month confirmed by molecular data. At the age of 3.5 years, she presented with pain and swelling of her right ankle, right knee, and right hip joint. After a serial of examinations, she was diagnosed with JIA and treated with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Conclusions
We report a rare case of a 4-year-old girl with PKU and JIA, which supports a possible interaction between PKU and JIA. Long-term metabolic disturbance may increase the susceptibility to JIA. Further chronic inflammation could alter the metabolism of tryptophan and tyrosine to increase blood Phe concentration. In addition, corticosteroid and methotrexate therapy for JIA may increase blood Phe concentration.
Correlation of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis with bone mineral density in adults aged 20–59 years
Authors: Zhu Zhongxin , Hu Gangfeng , Jin Fang , Yao Xiaocong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
It is reported that osteoporosis commonly occurs among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas the association between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial. Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between BMD, as a marker of osteoporosis, and OA and RA among adults 20−59 years of age, using a population-based sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods
Our analysis was based on the NHANES data collected between 2011 and 2018. Data regarding arthritis status and the type of arthritis (OA or RA) were obtained from questionnaires. Lumbar BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between OA, RA, and lumbar BMD was evaluated using logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses, stratified by gender and race, were performed. The association between duration of arthritis and lumbar BMD was also investigated.

Results
A total of 11,094 adults were included in our study. Compared to the non-arthritis group, participants with OA had a higher lumbar BMD (β = 0.023, 95% CI 0.011–0.035), with no significant association between lumbar BMD and RA (β = 0.014, 95% CI − 0.003 to 0.031). On subgroup analyses stratified by gender, males with OA had a higher lumbar BMD compared to those without OA (β = 0.047, 95% CI 0.028–0.066). In females, OA was not associated with lumbar BMD (β = 0.007, 95% CI − 0.008 to 0.021). There was no association between lumbar BMD and RA in both males (β = 0.023, 95% CI − 0.003 to 0.048) and females (β = 0.008, 95% CI − 0.015 to 0.031). Duration of arthritis was not associated with lumbar BMD for both OA (β = − 0.0001, 95% CI − 0.0017 to 0.0015) and RA (β = 0.0006, 95% CI − 0.0012 to 0.0025).

Conclusions
Lumbar BMD was associated with OA but not with RA. While a higher lumbar BMD was associated with OA in males, but not in females. Our findings may improve our understanding between OA, RA, and bone health.