bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid buffer and AWG based add-drop optical packet switch
Authors: Singh Preeti , Rai J. K. , Sharma Ajay K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optical packet switching (OPS) exhibits the ability to be utilized as a data transmission technique for next-generation. The core router/switch plays a significant role in packet routing and buffering in OPS. Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is realized as a promising core element for fast optical switching, with its intrinsic capacity to achieve wavelength routing of different wavelengths in parallel. This paper proposes an AWG-based add-drop optical packet switch, including a hybrid buffer, to resolve contention among packets. In a hybrid buffer, both optical and electronic buffers are used for the buffering of contending packets. AWGs are affected by crosstalk that can significantly impair system operation. The physical layer analysis is discussed in the presence of crosstalk, and the performance of the switch is evaluated in terms of bit error rate. The desired minimum input power is calculated for the switch’s correct operation for both optical buffer and electronic buffer. Finally, the packet loss probability (PLP) of the hybrid buffer is examined under various buffering conditions. Results reveal that with the increase in the optical power of the input signal, crosstalk power increases linearly for optical and electronic buffers. The increased crosstalk power is higher for electronic buffers than the optical buffer. The use of electronic memory in the hybrid buffer allows the hybrid buffer to increase its buffer size thus, reducing the PLP.
Evaluation of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with different modulation formats
Authors: Srivastava Saumya , Upadhyay Kamal Kishor , Shukla Narendra Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, simulative evaluation of the inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with the use of different modulation formats like return to zero (RZ), non return to zero (NRZ) and raised cosine by signal to noise ratio (SNR) and quality factor (Q-factor). Performance parameters are attenuation level, transmitting pointing error and scintillation are used to analyse the performance of the system. Including the pre- and post-amplifier configuration in the system, a link range of 100 km is achieved at an acceptable bit error rate and the performance of the system is also enhanced at a 5 Gbps data rate as compared to the earlier detection mechanism.
Twitter and the Real Academia Española: perspectives on impoliteness
Authors: Koike Dale A. , Garre León Víctor , Pérez Cejudo Gloria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study presents first- and second-order approaches to impoliteness as found in the Twitter feed of the Real Academia Española, the official Spanish-language institution of the Hispanic world. We argue that impoliteness must be viewed from the perspective of the individual, reflecting their background experiences and knowledge, while also acknowledging norms of their communities. We collected 56 reactive tweets in threads among different users, generating dialogues of different opinions of (dis)agreement. Fourteen participant-viewers rated each user’s tweet and provided judgments and comments on the impoliteness on a 5-point scale. Our results indicate some commonalities among subgroups in terms of politeness norms (e.g., insults), but also show individual differences in terms of expectations (e.g., not doing one’s job). The results suggest the limitations of previous impoliteness frameworks, which apply mostly to face-to-face interactions. Our research points to a need to develop a framework of impoliteness to account for the complexity of the interactions in social media and consider an analysis at individual and community levels.
Internal structures and mechanical properties of magnetic gels and suspensions
Authors: Zubarev Andrey , Musikhin Anton , Chirikov Dmitry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present results of theoretical and computer study of linear chain-like and complicated labyrinth structures in magnetic gels and suspensions as well as effect of these internal structures on macroscopic elastic properties of the composites. Our results show that at a certain threshold deformation, the structures experience a rupture which provokes a fall down of the macroscopic elastic stress, induced by the deformation. This effect is detected for both shear and tensile deformations. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data’s.
Tanulás, utazás, boldogság - Az iskolai végzettség és az utazás életminőségre és szubjektív boldogságérzetre gyakorolt hatásának összefüggései
Authors: Gonda Tibor 
Published: July 2021

2018. április-májusában 1085 fős online megkérdezést végeztünk abból a célból, hogy a magyar lakosság turizmussal kapcsolatos beállítódását vizsgáljuk, generációs vetületben. A megkérdezés reprezentatív a 15-74 éves magyar lakosságra nem, korcsoportok (10 éves intervallumok) és a lakóhely régiója alapján.[1] Az elemzésbe öt változót vontunk be: nem, generációk, lakóhely településtípusa, iskolai végzettség foka, jövedelmi helyzet szubjektív megítélése. Jelen tanulmány a kutatás azon eredményeit elemzi, amelyek a turizmus életminőségre gyakorolt hatásaira vonatkoznak. Olyan fontos kérdésekre keressük a választ, hogy korunk rendkívül fontos társadalmi jelenségét, a turizmust, mennyire tekintik a fogyasztók az életminőségüket jelentősen befolyásoló tényezőnek, és milyen mértékben jelenti számukra a boldogság forrását. Az elemzés során statisztikai módszerekkel vizsgáljuk, hogy az iskolai végzettség fokához, illetve a jövedelmi helyzet szubjektív megítélése alapján a különböző fogyasztói csoportoknak az egyes kérdésekre adott válaszaiban vannak-e statisztikailag igazolható eltérések. Az eredmények hasznos információkat szolgáltatnak a turizmusmarketing és a turisztikai termékfejlesztés területén dolgozók számára.

[1] A kutatás az EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004 „Átfogó fejlesztések a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen az intelligens szakosodás megvalósítása érdekében” c. pályázat keretében valósult meg.
Identidad y alteridad en la obra literaria de Francisco Moscoso Puello (1885-1959)
Authors: Santos Roque 
Published: July 2021

Francisco Moscoso Puello es un médico dominicano que desarrolló su vida intelectual en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Imbuido de un espíritu crítico se sitúa al margen de la élite ligada al poder durante la tiranía trujillista. Atravesado por la experiencia personal de ser mulato, reflexionó en su obra literaria sobre la cuestión racial en República Dominicana, influenciado por las ideas claves del determinismo geográfico y el racismo biologicista que predominaron en las ciencias sociales decimonónicas. Es considerado un digno exponente de lo que se ha llamado el pesimismo dominicano en continuidad con los pensadores sociales dominicanos de finales del XIX e inicios del XX. En el siguiente trabajo, se analizan cuatro de sus obras literarias desde el punto de vista de la identidad, tanto personal como colectiva, y la alteridad, tomando como guía el concepto de identidad narrativa de Paul Ricoeur. A partir del método hermenéutico, propuesto por Stephen M. North (1986) y aplicado por Sánchez Escobar (2001) en la investigación cualitativa de producciones escritas, se analizan e interpretan los patrones recurrentes en torno a sus ideas raciales y su percepción de lo que en su momento se llamó el alma dominicana.
Three new gall mite records (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary and supplementary description of two species
Authors: Ripka Géza , Kiss Enikő , Kontschán Jenő , Szabó Árpád 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree eriophyoid species are recorded for the first time in Hungary, viz.Paraepitrimerus erigeronsisXue et Hong collected fromErigeron annuus(L.) Pers. (Asteraceae),Phyllocoptes parvulus(Nalepa) fromPotentilla reptansL. (Rosaceae) andAceria salicina(Nalepa) fromSalix albaL. (Salicaceae). In addition, supplementary description of the vagrant phyllocoptine mite,Paraepitrimerus erigeronsis, and the deuterogynous and leaf margin rollingAculus craspedobius(Nalepa) fromSalix integraThunb. (Salicaceae) is provided.
Correlation between insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and tacrolimus dose in pediatric liver recipients
Authors: Kurabekova R. M. , Tsirulnikova O. M. , Gichkun O. E. , Olefirenko G. A. , Pashkova I. E. , Belchenkov A. A. , Shevchenko O. P. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. To prevent post-transplant complications associated with unbalanced immunosuppression, objective indicators reflecting the state of the immune system and associated with the immunosuppressant dose are required. In pediatric liver transplantation, an important indicator of hepatocellular function and restoration of anthropometric characteristics is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which exhibits both nonspecific and selective immunomodulator properties.Objective: to assess the correlation between growth hormone and IGF-1 levels and tacrolimus dose and blood concentrations in pediatric liver recipients and to determine the possibility of using the IGF-1 level in selecting the drug dose required to achieve its target concentration in the blood. Materials and methods. We examined 156 children aged from 2 to 105 (median – 8) months with liver cirrhosis of various etiology, who received liver from a living related donor. The concentration of growth hormone and IGF-1 was determined in blood plasma before, one month, and one year after transplantation using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tacrolimus residual concentration was measured in the patient’s whole blood by immunochemical method.Results. Growth hormone levels in the blood of pediatric liver recipients did not correlate with the dose or concentration of immunosuppressant tacrolimus one month or one year after transplantation, whereas the IGF-1 content was directly related to tacrolimus dose one year later (r = 0.41, p = 0.001), but not a month after surgery. The correlation coefficient was higher in uncomplicated post-transplant recipients (r = 0.51, p = 0.002) than in those with complications (r = 0.26, p = 0.17). The diagnostic efficiency of the IGF-1 level as an objective criterion for selecting the tacrolimus dose required to achieve its target blood concentration was 0.80 ± 0.11; 95% CI [0.58–1.00] (p = 0.007). In recipients with blood IGF-1 levels ≥115.7 ng/mL, the probability of prescribing a tacrolimus dose ≥0.25 mg/kg/day was 14 times higher than in children with lower blood IGF-1 levels. The estimated accuracy of the test was 83%, positive predictive value was 71%, and negative predictive value was 85%.Conclusion. The IGF-1 level was found to correlate with tacrolimus dose in liver transplant recipients one year after transplantation. The diagnostic efficiency of IGF-1 as a potential indicator for choosing the tacrolimus dose required to achieve its target blood concentration is 80%, which suggests further study of the test to assess the effectiveness of immunosuppression and selection of an individual immunosuppressant dose.
Analysis of recipient and graft survival after primary and second kidney transplantation
Authors: Pinchuk A. V. , Shmarina N. V. , Dmitriev I. V. , Vinogradov V. E. , Kazantsev A. I. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: to evaluate the 1- and 5-year graft and recipient survival after primary and second kidney transplantation, to compare the outcomes depending on the age of recipients.Material and methods. The treatment outcomes for 364 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow over the period from 2007 to 2019. Of these, 213 patients underwent kidney transplantation for the first time, while 151 patients were having a second transplantation. We analyzed the effect of previous transplants, as well as the age of the recipients on long-term survival rates.Results. No significant difference in 1- and 5-year survival of kidney recipients after primary and second transplantations was found. In contrast, the long-term graft survival significantly depended on this criterion and turned out to be significantly higher after primary transplantations. The 1- and 5-year survival of older recipients was lower than the survival of younger recipients after primary and second kidney transplantation. The 1-year graft survival after primary kidney transplantation was higher in young recipients than in older recipients of the same group, however, but there were no significant differences in the 5-year graft survival. After second transplantations, there were no significant differences in the 1- and 5-year graft survival depending on the age of recipients.Conclusion. A history of previous transplantation is an important factor in kidney transplantation outcome, which must be taken into account in clinical practice.
Cadaveric kidney allotransplantation at Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital
Authors: Arutyunyan V. S. , Keosyan A. V. , Firsov M. A. , Evdokimov D. P. , Tsokaev M. R. , Amelchugova O. S. , Lukicheva E. V. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes of cadaveric kidney allotransplantation (CKAT) based on a retrospective analysis of 71 cases treated at Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital (KRCH).Materials and methods. From March 2014 to June 2019, 71 kidney transplants were performed at KRCH – 42 (59.15%) men and 29 (40.85%) women. The age of the patients varied from 20 to 59 years (mean age 39.6 ± 8.14 years). The causes of end-stage chronic kidney disease which subsequently led to CKAT were chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, hypertensive nephropathy (HN), diabetic nephropathy resulting from type I diabetes (DN), nephropathy of mixed genesis (HN + DN), vesicoureteral reflux, congenital angiodysplasia of the kidneys, and Alport syndrome. The mean number of HLA mismatches was 4.5 ± 0.9.Results. Hospitalization lasted for an average of 34.05 ± 9.56 days. Primary function was observed in 32 (45.08%) patients, while 39 (54.92%) cases had delayed function. Post-transplant complications were noted in 23 (32.39%) patients, of whom 12 (16.9%) had early post-transplant complications, while 15 (21.13%) encountered complications in the late post-transplant period. The most frequently diagnosed were immunological, infectious, and urological complications. Vascular, surgical, oncological, and other complications were less frequent. The annual graft survival rate was 87.3%. Patient survival rate was 95.77%. One (1.4%) and 2 (2.81%) patients died in the early and late post-transplant periods, respectively. Hospital mortality – 1 case (1.4%).Conclusion. Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with irreversible chronic kidney disease. About 87.33% of transplants were found to be effective. However, 32.39% of patients had postoperative complications. The vast majority of complications were reversible and were corrected conservatively or surgically. Nevertheless, graft loss occurred in 12.67% of cases. The success of transplantation depends on a number of factors related to both the donor and the recipient, as well as the immunological status and surgical technique. A personalized approach to recipients helps to reduce postoperative complications, prevent nephrotoxicity and rejection reactions.
Власть надежд: отстаивание инфраструктуры в новых городских районах
Authors: Запорожец Оксана , Багина Яна 
Published: July 2021

Городские инфраструктуры – важные основания городской жизни и городской политики. Кризис больших политических программ с их абстрактными целями и неопределенными временными горизонтами способствовал формированию политик повседневности, центральным пунктом которых стали городские инфраструктуры. Ее отсутствие, ненадлежащее состояние или дефицит является предметом переговоров между различными городскими агентами и основанием их противостояния. Центральный вопрос статьи: как именно жители новых районов отстаивают свои инфраструктурные требования, тем самым нарушая привилегию властей и девелоперов на развитие масштабных инфраструктурных проектов. Статья основана на материалах полевого исследования, проведенного в 2019–2020 гг. в новом жилом районе Подмосковья. Отстаивание надежд и оспаривание привилегий властных агентов происходит благодаря созданию горожанами динамичной, насыщенной событиями аффективной среды, в которой (вос)производится идея должного состояния инфраструктуры. Эта среда формируется одновременными действиями жителей на разных площадках, которые связываются согласованной версией происходящего, артикулируемой через локальные цифровые гражданские медиа – тематические группы в ВКонтакте, Инстаграм, Telegram, созданные и контролируемые местными жителями. Идея долженствования, предлагаемая и отстаиваемая местными жителями, основана на базовом аргументе о необходимости инфраструктуры, разделении ответственности за ее создание между властями, девелоперами и местными жителями. Последние рассматриваются как основная движущая сила изменений, создатели требований, на основе которых оцениваются происходящие события. Создание динамичной, содержательно и аффективно насыщенной среды, которая становится способом давления на власти и девелоперов, происходит за счет множества действий местных жителей на различных (иногда взаимоисключающих) аренах, подчиненных общей цели – отстаиванию их интересов. В процессе онлайн-коммуникации, разворачивающейся в локальных цифровых медиа, наиболее активные местные жители вовлекают в процесс своих соседей. Общими усилиями происходит «расколдовывание» логики создания инфраструктуры и передел ответственности различных агентов, апелляция к эмоциям и общему знанию о районе. Хотя влияние горожан на развитие материальных инфраструктур оценить сложно, можно утверждать, что их усилиями создается и успешно развивается гражданская инфраструктура.
Yield displacements in multistory aseismic design
Authors: Bycroft G. N. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the plastic displacements occurring when certain types of elastoplastic multistory shear structures are subjected to large earthquakes. It is directed toward finding a variation of the horizontal stiffness and strength up the structure in order to minimize yield displacements and distribute them over the structure. The analysis has been made on an analog computer using a white noise source to simulate the earthquake disturbance.
Effect of stiffness taper in aseismic design
Authors: Bycroft G. N. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
An investigation is made of the effect of changing the stiffness distribution up the height of a linear shear framed structure when subjected to idealized earthquake motions. The mean value of the largest strains arising in successive earthquakes is determined together with the associated probability distribution. It appears that the chances of finding a strain value greater than twice the mean are very small.
A simplified instrument for recording strong motion earthquakes
Authors: Cloud W. K. , Hudson D. E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A strong-motion earthquake recorder for the direct measurement of one point on the response spectrum curve is described, and results obtained with the instrument under field conditions are compared with those obtained by a standard spectrum analysis of accelerograph records. The device has the advantages of low initial cost and of low maintenance expense, and can thus be installed in relatively large numbers. A network of such instruments located at points having various local geological conditions is proposed as a supplement to the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey strong-motion seismograph system.
Telling Images: Forced Disappearance and Territorial Displacement in Recent Mexican and Colombian Documentary Graphic Novels
Authors: Gómez Felipe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Territorial displacements, stolen lands, repression, targeted assassinations, and forced disappearances among rural communities in Mexico and Colombia are constant threats that generate complex and urgent questions on the fragile conditions in which the residents of these communities live their day-to-day lives. In this article, I examine recent graphic novels that take an ethical stand to discuss local events in their connections to drug-trafficking, para-State, and other contemporary forms of violence. While there are divergent reasons, conditions and challenges for the creation, distribution, and reception of these graphic novels in such contexts, their authors use similar semiotic and literary mechanisms to imagine and represent these types of violence, and aim to include voices usually omitted, and/or displaced in the narration of these conflicts. I argue that it is precisely due to these inclusions that the role of these works in the politics of narrative and memory of armed conflicts in these Latin American countries is essential for the recognition of new human geographies and cartographies generated by the forced disappearance and uprooting of these communities using violence.
La dimensión sociopolítica de la violencia en Angosta de Héctor Abad Faciolince
Authors: Anderson de la Torre María Antonia 
Published: July 2021

Resumen
La novela, Angosta, de Héctor Abad Faciolince, tiene lugar en una ciudad imaginaria como la Vetusta de Benito Pérez Galdós. En un nivel literario de interpretación, Angosta será un simple espacio ficticio, pero un nivel de análisis sociológico sale a la superficie si se la compara con la Colombia de fines del siglo XX y principios del XXI. Desde una perspectiva de la economía, la política y el orden social, podemos ver puntos de contacto con los efectos de la violencia en la cotidianidad de los ciudadanos de Bogotá, Medellín y Cali y cómo incluso hay alusiones/guiños del Estado mafioso-paramilitar que ha operado durante las dos últimas décadas en el país sudamericano.
El autor nació y creció en un espacio rodeado por la violencia y tuvo que ver a su propio padre asesinado frente a su casa antes de huir al exilio en Italia durante años. Esta poderosa historia se filtra en las páginas de Angosta con distintos personajes y en circunstancias acomodadas de forma que no despierten suspicacias, pero están allí. Escribir sobre fuerzas oscuras estando en el mismo espacio geográfico, ciertamente no es recomendable para la salud, y no sólo Abad, sino escritores como Salman Rushdie y Roberto Saviano han corrido peligro de muerte por su osadía de correr el velo detrás del que opera ese Mago de Oz de la mafia o de la religión.
En el caso de Héctor Abad, es difícil ignorar su papel como víctima de la violencia en Colombia a la hora de hacer alianzas y conexiones entre la ficción de esta novela y la realidad de la Colombia contemporánea. El uso, además, de nombres reales dentro de la novela —de Mario Jursich y Andrés Hoyos, entre otros—, es un guiño adicional que nos permite tender el puente entre un escenario distópico ficticio y la crítica de una sociedad real sumida en el horror. En este ensayo me propongo identificar los efectos más graves de la violencia que aparecen en Angosta y que podemos conectar, sin temor a equivocarnos, con elementos reales de Colombia en calidad de Estado fallido y sociedad anclada a modelos coloniales. Analizaré, pues, cómo aparece en Angosta la desarticulación de Colombia como estado mafioso, la inequidad social, la violencia contra la mujer, el racismo, la pobreza y los ataques contra las expresiones artísticas y cómo navegan los personajes esta realidad resquebrajada. Indagaré, también, de qué manera Abad se vale de una realidad distópica como recurso literario que le permite abordar de forma crítica una temible realidad como la colombiana. La violencia no sólo ha estado presente en la literatura de este autor sino que aparece en la narrativa de otros como Fernando Vallejo, Gabriel García Márquez y Mario Mendoza. Aquí analizaremos también qué características diferencian a nuestro autor de la tradición de la literatura colombiana en este aspecto particular de la violencia.