bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations between crack initiation and crack propagation lives of notched specimens under constant and variable amplitude loading
Authors: Fiedler Melanie , Vormwald Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper starts with an overview of the application of the three guidelines (GL) of the German Research Association of Mechanical Engineers (FKM). Each of these provides algorithms for calculating fatigue lives of components under constant or variable amplitude loading, however, with underlying different failure criteria, that is, technical crack initiation life (GL‐nonlinear), fatigue crack growth life (GL‐fracture mechanics), and total fracture life (GL‐linear). Since the GL‐linear only considers linear‐elastic material behavior in the fracture fatigue life calculation, the guideline is not capable for the LCF and is not able to take sequence effects into account. For a better approximation of fracture fatigue lives, the elastic–plastic material behavior has to be taken into account. This paper introduces the U‐Concept which has been evaluated from a large structural durability database from the literature with more than 1,500 experiments for constant and more than 700 experiments for variable amplitude loading. The U‐Concept is a small add‐on to the local strain approach (LSA) which is the backbone of the GL‐nonlinear. It enables (1) to directly calculate the fatigue life to total fracture based on elastic–plastic material behavior according to the LSA or (2) to estimate the remaining fatigue life from crack initiation to fracture without a crack growth simulation. Furthermore, the U‐Concept needs no experimental determined crack growth parameters, the only necessary material parameter is the ultimate tensile strength Rm. The U‐Concept is therefore easy applicable for industrial users and increases the accuracy of the approximated fatigue lives by considering the elastic–plastic material behavior.
Native English speakers and Hindi consonants: From cross‐language perception patterns to pronunciation teaching
Authors: Hayes‐Harb Rachel , Barrios Shannon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Hindi consonant inventory, which includes the cross‐linguistically rare retroflex place of articulation and four‐way laryngeal contrasts, is known to pose difficulties for native English speakers. Hindi language textbooks address this challenge, in part, by providing various articulatory and acoustic descriptions of Hindi consonants, typically referencing their similarity to and differences from English consonants. Here, we investigate the perception of 20 Hindi consonants by native English speakers with no prior Hindi language experience. We conducted two consonant perception studies: one in which participants identified Hindi consonants with English consonant labels, and one in which they determined whether pairs of Hindi consonants were the same or different. In this way, we were able to identify the consonants—and contrasts—that may pose the greatest difficulty for learners, and also to make recommendations regarding the articulatory and acoustic description of Hindi consonants for English‐speaking learners.
Analysis of environment‐recruitment associations for a coastal red drum population reveals consistent link between year class strength and early shifts in nearshore winds
Authors: Goldberg Danielle A. , Paramore Lee M. , Scharf Frederick S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe identification of factors contributing to strong year classes of marine fishes has been a constant goal toward a mechanistic understanding of recruitment variability. Here, we explored a 26‐year time series of the abundance of early juvenile red drum along the North Carolina coast to identify environmental features associated with variable recruitment success. The study location was near the northern edge of the species latitudinal range, and we hypothesized that consistent environmental forcing would be linked to the formation of strong red drum year classes. Patterns of variability in seasonal environmental features were disaggregated into multiple forms of temporal periodicity and analyzed using generalized additive models. We also contrasted patterns of environmental variation that occurred during the strongest recruitment events with those coinciding with the weakest red drum year classes. The early shift, during August, to favorable wind conditions was the most consistent environmental feature associated with red drum recruitment success. The combined duration and magnitude of N and NE winds during August of strong recruitment years was nearly double the level observed during weak recruitment years. Elevated nearshore sea surface temperatures early in the spawning season were also found to occur during years that produced strong year classes. Coastal productivity, indexed using chlorophyll a concentration, was positively associated with red drum recruitment, but also highlighted the need for more spatially resolved productivity data. Our findings highlight the importance of environment‐recruitment linkages for marine fishes, especially near distributional boundaries where conditions to promote year class success can be brief.
A deep‐learning‐based experiment for benchmarking the performance of global terrestrial vegetation phenology models
Authors: Zhou Xuewen , Xin Qinchuan , Dai Yongjiu , Li Wanjing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimVegetation phenology that characters the periodic life cycles of plants is indicative of the interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Robust modelling of vegetation phenology metrics that correspond to canopy development events is essential to our understanding of how plants and ecosystems respond to a changing climate. Given considerable uncertainties associated with vegetation phenology modelling using numerical models, we explore the deep learning approach to predicting the timing of global vegetation phenology metrics.LocationGlobal.Time period2001–2015.Major taxa studiedDeciduous vegetation (DV), stressed deciduous vegetation (SDV), evergreen vegetation (EV).MethodsWe developed a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network regression (1D‐CNNR) model with 10 hierarchical structures to model global vegetation phenology using meteorological variables as inputs. The developed deep learning model was evaluated using satellite‐derived phenology metrics (i.e., green‐up, maturity, senescence, and dormancy) and compared with the terrestrial ecosystem model Biome‐BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles).ResultsOur experimental results show that the 1D‐CNNR model well captures both the spatial pattern and inter‐annual variation of satellite‐derived multiyear vegetation phenology metrics on a global scale. The median root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) and standard deviations between phenology metrics derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and predicted by the 1D‐CNNR model on a global scale from 2001 to 2015 are 4.1 ± 5.9, 4.2 ± 12.1, 3.0 ± 6.8, and 3.4 ± 4.3 days for green‐up, maturation, senescence, and dormancy, respectively, for the DV type; 13.3 ± 29.6, 8.4 ± 29.1, 8.1 ± 21.3, and 9.1 ± 21.6 days for green‐up, maturation, senescence, and dormancy, respectively, for the SDV type; and 13.9 ± 17.4, 17.7 ± 34.6, 18.8 ± 42.9, and 12.1 ± 17.7 days for green‐up, maturation, senescence, and dormancy, respectively, for the EV type.Main conclusionsThis research demonstrates that the 1D‐CNNR model has the potential for large‐scale modelling of vegetation phenology. Results from the deep learning model suggest that there is room to improve numerical vegetation phenology models for use in land surface models.
Re‐placing welfare neoliberalism: The neglected role of geography in neoliberal public policies
Authors: Whitworth Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeoliberalism has become interwoven through international public policy regimes in recent decades yet the spatial implications of their design, outcomes, resourcing and user experiences remain neglected in key ways. In response, the present article uses the case study of the UK’s Work Programme – an international vanguard experiment of neoliberal public policy‐making par excellence – to examine these issues. The conceptual framing highlights the risks of neoliberal public policy‐making for the reinforcement of existing spatial inequalities whilst the original multivariate spatial analyses using the official outcomes data demonstrate the realisation of those risks. These original empirical findings highlight the enduring yet frequently neglected importance of local context to national policy designs and outcomes, and raise serious concerns around the continuing international popularity of neoliberal public policy‐making for spatial justice.
Contested spaces in the new blue economy: Competing for Connecticut's Thames River Working Waterfront
Authors: Ebbin Syma A. , Trumbull Nathaniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWorking waterfront space is limited, leading to competition for coastal space among different waterfront‐dependent industries as well as non‐waterfront dependent users. Coastal margins will be shrinking as sea levels rise due to climate change, squeezing already scarce port resources, exacerbating competition for these spaces, and generating conflicts. This paper focuses on the competition for waterfront space on the Thames River of Connecticut bordered by the municipalities of New London, Groton, Norwich, Ledyard, and Montville. Emerging wind power in the new Blue Economy looks to reshape port usage in the Thames River. The recent focus on wind generation by the State of Connecticut, coupled with several competitive bidding events for wind‐generated electricity, has augmented demand for port space that will serve as a staging area for this offshore development. Although the development of wind power will occur offshore, Connecticut ports are anticipating port use by wind companies with winning bids. This paper explores the processes by which port space has been (re)allocated and contested, and examines the nature of the ensuing conflicts and outcomes.
Loss of Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of human MOB4 compromises life span, health life span and thermotolerance
Authors: Jahan Momotaj , Iwasa Hiroaki , Kuroyanagi Hidehito , Hata Yutaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMob1/phocein family proteins are conserved from yeast to mammals. Human has four MOB genes, MOB1, 2, 3 and 4. Human MOB1 protein, which is a component of the Hippo pathway, is involved in the inhibition of yes‐associated protein (YAP1) through large tumor suppressor (LATS) kinases and plays a tumor suppressive role. In contrast, MOB4 activates YAP1. Caernorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) also has four MOB genes. Moreover, C. elegans has homologues of YAP1 (Ce_YAP‐1) and LATS kinases (WTS‐1). Nevertheless, our previous study revealed that the Hippo pathway is not conserved in C. elegans and that heat shock activates Ce_YAP‐1. We also reported that Ce_YAP‐1 is involved in the regulation of life span, healthy lifespan and thermotolerance. In this study, we raised a question whether and how C. elegans homologue of MOB4 (Ce_MOB‐4) is involved in the regulation of Ce_YAP‐1. Ce_MOB‐4 is ubiquitously expressed in adult worms. This expression pattern is similar to that of Ce_YAP‐1. mob‐4 loss‐of‐function mutants show short life span, short health life span and compromise thermotolerance. However, heat shock activates Ce_YAP‐1 in mob‐4 mutant. In conclusion, the role of MOB4 in the activation of YAP1 is not conserved in C. elegans.
What changes with coaching? Investigating within‐person changes in reflection, the predicting role of implicit person theory and the effects on perceived utility of coaching
Authors: Fontes Andrea , Dello Russo Silvia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoaching literature assumes that people undergo personal change through coaching. We contend that different types of change may occur with coaching and investigate whether this is the case in reflection (a key competence in coaching). Results from our sample of 61 coachees indicate that three types of change (alpha, beta, gamma) are observed across participants. Alpha change refers to a substantive change in reflection (i.e. an increase or decrease), beta to a recalibration of one's assessment of reflection and gamma to a re‐conceptualization of reflection. We further examine implicit person theory (IPT) as a predictor and perceived coaching utility as a correlate of the three types of change. We observe a higher probability that incremental IPT will associate with alpha change versus other types of change, and that beta and gamma changes correlate positively and negatively, respectively, with perceived utility for work. No significant correlations are observed between types of change and perceived utility for personal development. Our study represents an exploratory contribution to a better understanding of the within‐person changes in reflection following coaching intervention, and has implications for both theory and practice, which we discuss along with indications for future directions.
Silicon mitigates the effects of moderate drought stress in cover crops
Authors: Mario Zuffo Alan , Felippe Ratke Rafael , Steiner Fábio , Matias de Oliveira Augusto , González Aguilera Jorge , Eloy Lima Roney 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCover crops are important components of sustainable agricultural systems under no‐till conditions. However, in the Brazilian Cerrado region, plant growth and straw production on the soil surface have been hampered by insufficient soil water availability during off‐season. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of silicon fertilization on the morphological and physiological characteristics of cover crops under drought stress conditions. We hypothesized that silicon could mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress because of its role in improving the photosynthetic process and antioxidant defence mechanisms of plants. Thus, two silicon fertilizer levels (0 and 180 mg/kg of Silicon), three grass cover crops (Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã, U. brizantha cv. Marandu and Pennisetum glaucum cv. ADR 300) and three drought stress levels (100% pot capacity (PC): well‐watered conditions, 50% PC: moderate water stress and 25% PC: severe water stress) were laid out as a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated four times. Morphophysiological characteristics were recorded after 22 days of exposure to drought stress. Drought stress decreased the growth rate, leaf area (LA), net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of the three cover crops. However, with the application of silicon fertilizer, a portion of the negative effects caused by water restriction could be mitigated, even though there were differences in the responses to silicon fertilization and water stress levels among the cover crop species. Silicon application potentiated the tillering and plant growth rate and increased the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of U. brizantha (cv. Marandu and cv. BRS Piatã) plants grown under moderate drought stress conditions.
Rethinking Fabric: The Application of Fabric Manipulation Techniques in Fashion Design Education
Authors: Burns Angela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin the context of fashion design, fabric is the key variable in the design process, offering infinite options in terms of variety, quality, weight, colour, texture and pattern. The manipulation of these fabrics is an effective tool at the designer’s disposal, which can be used to create innovation in a design. This study examines the use of fabric manipulation for fostering creativity in the context of fashion design education. It explores a variety of approaches to this subject that can be employed to enthuse, stimulate, and enable beginner level fashion students to recognise the value of fabric manipulation in creating innovative fashion design outcomes. It aims to examine the potential of fabric manipulation techniques as a method to reinvent basic fabrics, reflect concept ideas on a garment, expand student skillsets and develop originality in fashion design education. A detailed analysis of the application of textile design practices in the final year of study over twelve academic semesters, in both couture and ready‐to‐wear collections, aims to determine the uptake of fabric manipulation as a major design component in the context of final year graduation fashion collections.
Promoting student engagement in online collaborative writing through a student‐facing social learning analytics tool
Authors: Chen Si , Ouyang Fan , Jiao Pengcheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnline Collaborative Writing (OCW) has been reported to be useful to improve writing quality in higher education. However, challenges emerge during the collaborative processes, mainly centering on how to sustain active interactions and communications in order to complete a high quality of writing.ObjectivesUsing the design‐based research, this research designs and implements a student‐facing SLA tool that integrates multi‐method analytics to present social interactions, writing topics, and topic connections and to empirically investigate the effects of this tool on student engagement during OCW.MethodsThis research uses both quantitative content analysis, statistical analysis, and qualitative analysis to examine the effects of the SLA tool on students' social and cognitive engagement as well as students' perceptions about the usefulness and usability of this tool.Results and ConclusionsResults showed that the SLA tool improved students' social and cognitive engagement, and most students perceived that the SLA tool was useful for the OCW activity. Based on the findings, implications of tool development and pedagogical design are proposed to foster students' online collaborative writing quality.
Zero fluoroscopy approach versus fluoroscopy approach for cardiac arrhythmia ablations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Techorueangwiwat Chol , Rattanawong Pattara , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Ayinapudi Karnika , Bunch T. Jared , Groh Christopher , Navaravong Leenhapong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias has traditionally been guided by fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy exposes the patient, operator, and staff to ionizing radiation which has no safe dose void of stochastic and deterministic biologic risks. Zero fluoroscopy (ZF) approaches for catheter ablation have been advocated to eliminate these risks. We conducted a meta‐analysis comparing acute procedure success, recurrence‐free survival, complications, and procedure times between the approaches.MethodsWe conducted a literature search from inception through December 2020 in the databases of EMBASE and MEDLINE. We included randomized controlled trials and cohorts that compared the outcomes of interest in ZF and conventional/low fluoroscopy (CF/LF) approaches. The outcomes sought were acute procedure success, recurrence‐free survival, complications, and procedure times. Effect estimates were combined, using the random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsSixteen studies from 2013 to 2020, including 6052 patients (2219 ZF, 3833 CF/LF) were included. There were no significant differences in acute procedure success rate (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.59), recurrence‐free survival (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.78–1.49), periprocedural complication rate (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.45–1.16), or total procedure time (weighted mean difference 2.32 min, 95% CI: −2.85–7.50) between ZF and CF/LF approaches, respectively. Overall, only 1.26% of patients crossed over from ZF to CF/LF arm.ConclusionsPeriprocedural and postprocedural outcomes with a ZF approach compared favorably with traditional fluoroscopic guidance without increasing procedural times. As comfort with ZF grows, coupled with evolving mapping technologies, this method has potential to become the standard approach for catheter ablation.
LINC00511 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating SOX4 and epigenetically repressing PTEN to activate PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Qianwei , Mao Xiang , Luo Fen , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) serves as a common malignancy. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to regulate many cancers, including GC. Long intergenic non‐protein‐coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) has been poorly studied in GC, but its detailed regulatory mechanism has not been identified. Here, LINC00511 was detected to be highly expressed in GC cells. Functional assays were conducted and uncovered that LINC00511 boosted cell proliferation, migration, stemness and EMT process while inhibiting the apoptosis of GC cells. From a series of mechanism experiments, it was found that at the transcriptional level, LINC00511 recruited EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) to the promoter of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and facilitated methylation of PTEN promoter. LINC00511 epigenetically repressed PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, SRY‐box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) activated the transcription of LINC00511. At the post‐transcriptional level, LINC00511 sponged miR‐195‐5p to elevate SOX4 expression in GC cells. On the whole, the present study disclosed that SOX4‐induced LINC00511 activated SOX4 via competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) pattern and epigenetically repressed PTEN to activate PI3K/AKT pathway by recruiting EZH2, thus facilitating GC cell proliferation, migration and stemness while inhibiting GC cell apoptosis.
A systematic review of brain MRI findings in monogenic disorders strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Frewer Veronica , Gilchrist Courtney P. , Collins Simonne E. , Williams Katrina , Seal Marc L. , Leventer Richard J. , Amor David J. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundResearch on monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (autism) can inform our understanding of genetic contributions to the autism phenotype; yet, there is much to be learned about the pathways from gene to brain structure to behavior. This systematic review summarizes and evaluates research on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in monogenic conditions that have strong association with autism. This will improve understanding of the impact of genetic variability on brain structure and related behavioral traits in autism.MethodsThe search strategy for this systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was completed on included studies using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scales.ResultsOf 4,287 studies screened, 69 were included pertaining to 13 of the top 20 genes with the strongest association with autism. The greatest number of studies related to individuals with PTEN variants and autism. Brain MRI abnormalities were reported for 12 of the 13 genes studied, and in 51.7% of participants across all 13 genes, including 100% of participants with ARID1B variants. Specific MRI findings were highly variable, with no clear patterns emerging within or between the 13 genes, although white matter abnormalities were the most common. Few studies reported specific details about methods for acquisition and processing of brain MRI, and descriptors for brain abnormalities were variable. ROB assessment indicated high ROB for all studies, largely due to small sample sizes and lack of comparison groups.ConclusionsBrain abnormalities are common in this population of individuals, in particular, children; however, a range of different brain abnormalities were reported within and between genes. Directions for future neuroimaging research in monogenic autism are suggested.