bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Speed and Continuous‐Wave Programmable Luminescent Tags Based on Exclusive Room Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP)
Authors: Gmelch Max , Achenbach Tim , Tomkeviciene Ausra , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost materials recently developed for room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) lack in practical relevance due to their inconvenient crystalline morphology. Using amorphous material systems instead, programmable luminescent tags (PLTs) based on organic biluminescent emitter molecules with easy processing and smooth sample shapes are presented recently. Here, the effective quenching of the emitter's RTP by molecular oxygen (O2) and the consumption of the excited singlet O2 through a chemical reaction represent the central features. With customized activation schemes, high‐resolution content can be written and later erased multiple times into such films, providing a versatile yet simple photonic platform for information storage. However, two important limitations remain: The immutable fluorescence of the emitters outshines the phosphorescent patterns by roughly one order of magnitude, allowing readout of the PLTs only after the excitation source is turned off. The programming of these systems is a rather slow process, where lowest reported activation times are still >8 s. Here, a material‐focused approach to PLTs with fast activation times of 120 ± 20 ms and high‐contrast under continuous‐wave illumination is demonstrated, leading to accelerated programming on industry relevant time scales and a simplified readout process both by eye and low cost cameras.
Accelerated Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium Extraction from Seawater by Plant‐Mimetic Transpiration
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhao Xuemei , Wang Jiawen , Yan Bingjie , Wen Shunxi , Zhang Jiacheng , Lin Ke , Wang Hui , Liu Tao , Liu Zhenzhong , Ma Chunxin , Li Jianbao , Yuan Yihui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extraction of uranium from seawater, which is an abundant resource, has attracted considerable attention as a viable form of energy‐resource acquisition. The two critical factors for boosting the chemical thermodynamics of uranium extraction from seawater are the availability of sufficient amounts of uranyl ions for supply to adsorbents and increased interaction temperatures. However, current approaches only rely on the free diffusion of uranyl ions from seawater to the functional groups within adsorbents, which largely limits the uranium extraction capacity. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of plant transpiration, a plant‐mimetic directional‐channel poly(amidoxime) (DC‐PAO) hydrogel is designed to enhance the uranium extraction efficiency via the active pumping of uranyl ions into the adsorbent. Compared with the original PAO hydrogel without plant‐mimetic transpiration, the uranium extraction capacity of the DC‐PAO hydrogel increases by 79.33% in natural seawater and affords the fastest reported uranium extraction average rate of 0.917 mg g−1 d−1 among the most state‐of‐the‐art amidoxime group‐based adsorbents, along with a high adsorption capacity of 6.42 mg g−1 within 7 d. The results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the efficiency of solar‐transpiration‐based uranium extraction from seawater, particularly in terms of reducing costs and saving processing time.
Esophagus‐Inspired Actuator for Solid Transportation via the Synergy of Lubrication and Contractile Deformation
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Yunlei , Ma Shuanhong , Alsaid Yousif , Pei Xiaowei , Cai Meirong , He Ximin , Zhou Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirectional transportation of objects has important applications from energy transfer and intelligent robots to biomedical devices. Although breakthroughs in liquid migration on 2D surfaces or 3D tubular devices have been achieved, realizing smooth/on‐demand transportation of constrained solids within a 3D cavity environment under harsh pressurized environment still remains a daunting challenge, where strong interface friction force becomes the main obstacle restricting the movement of solids. Inspired by typical feeding mechanism in natural esophagus system which synergistically couples a lubricating mucosa surface with the peristaltic contraction deformation of the cavity, herein, this challenge is addressed by constructing an esophagus‐inspired layered tubular actuator with a slippery inner surface and responsive hydrogel matrix to realize spherical solid propulsion by photo(thermo)‐induced cavity deformation. The as‐constructed tubular actuator containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibits local volumetric shrinkage upon NIR‐irradiation, which can generate large hydrodynamic pressure and considerable mechanical extrusion force (Fdriving force ≈ 0.18 N) to overcome low interface friction force (ffriction force ≈ 0.03 N), enabling on‐demand transportation of constrained (pressure: 0.103 MPa) spherical solids over a long distance in an arbitrary direction. This actuator is anticipated to be used as bionic medicine transportation devices or artificial in vitro esophagus simulation systems, for example, to help formula eating‐related physiotherapy plans for patients and astronauts.
Nanomechanical Induction of Autophagy‐Related Fluorescence in Single Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Li Bin , Wei Yuhui , Li Qian , Chen Nan , Li Jiang , Liu Lin , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Ying , Sun Yanhong , Shi Jiye , Wang Lihua , Shao Zhifeng , Hu Jun , Fan Chunhai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanistic understanding of how living systems sense, transduce, and respond to mechanical cues has important implications in development, physiology, and therapy. Here, the authors use an integrated atomic force microscope (AFM) and brightfield/epifluorescent microscope platform to precisely simulate living single cells or groups of cells under physiological conditions, in real time, concomitantly measuring the single‐cell autophagic response and its transmission to neighboring cells. Dual‐color fluorescence monitoring of the cellular autophagic response reveals the dynamics of autophagosome formation, degradation, and induction in neighboring contacting and noncontacting cells. Autophagosome formation is dependent on both the applied force and contact area of the AFM tip. More importantly, the enhancement of the autophagic responses in neighboring cells via a gap junction‐dependent mechanism is observed. This AFM‐based nanoacupuncture platform can serve as a tool for elucidating the primary mechanism underlying mechanical stimulation of living systems and other biomechanical therapeutics.
A Spiking Stochastic Neuron Based on Stacked InGaZnO Memristors
Authors: Mao Huiwu , He Yongli , Chen Chunsheng , Zhu Li , Zhu Yixin , Zhu Ying , Ke Shuo , Wang Xiangjing , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpiking encoded stochastic neural network is believed to be energy efficient and biologically plausible and an increasing effort has been made recently to translate its great cognitive power into hardware implementations. Here, a stacked indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO)‐based threshold switching memristor with essential properties as a spiking stochastic neuron is introduced. Such IGZO spiking stochastic neuron shows a sigmoid firing probability that can be tuned by the amplitude, width, and frequency of the applied pulse sequence. More importantly, the stacked configuration is experimentally demonstrated with eliminated switching variation compared to one single memristor and a narrow relative deviation (≤6.8%) of the firing probability can be achieved. The IGZO stochastic neuron is applied to perform probabilistic unsupervised learning for handwritten digit reconstruction based on a restricted Boltzmann machine and a recognition accuracy of 91.2% can be achieved. Such IGZO stochastic neuron with reproducible firing probability emulates probabilistic computing in the brain, which is of significant importance to hardware implementation of spiking neural network to analyze sensory stimuli, produce adequate motor control, and make reasonable inference.
Rational Design of a Photosystem I Photoanode for the Fabrication of Biophotovoltaic Devices
Authors: Wang Panpan , Zhao Fangyuan , Frank Anna , Zerria Sarra , Lielpetere Anna , Ruff Adrian , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Conzuelo Felipe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI), a robust and abundant biomolecule capable of delivering high‐energy photoelectrons, has a great potential for the fabrication of light‐driven semi‐artificial bioelectrodes. Although possibilities have been explored in this regard, the true capabilities of this technology have not been achieved yet, particularly for their use as bioanodes. Here, the use of PSI Langmuir monolayers and their electrical wiring with specifically designed redox polymers is shown, ensuring an efficient mediated electron transfer as the basis for the fabrication of an advanced biophotoanode. The bioelectrode is rationally implemented and optimized for enabling the generation of substantial photocurrents of up to 17.6 µA cm−2 and is even capable of delivering photocurrents at potentials as low as −300 mV vs standard hydrogen electrode, surpassing the performance of comparable devices. To highlight the applicability of the developed light‐driven bioanode, a biophotovoltaic cell is assembled in combination with a gas‐breathing biocathode. The assembly operates in a single compartment cell and delivers considerable power outputs at large cell voltages. The implemented biophotoanode constitutes an important step toward the development of advanced biophotovoltaic devices.
Highly dispersed and confined Ni/MMO catalyst synthesized in a rotating packed bed for hydrogenation of maleic anhydride
Authors: Li Ying‐Jiao , Qi Ting‐Ting , Dong Kun , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zou Hai‐Kui , Sun Bao‐Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) into succinic anhydride (SA) is one of the most important transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we firstly synthesized well‐dispersed nickel particles confined by mixed metal oxides (Ni/MMO) derived from in situ transformation of Ni‐Al hydrotalcite in a rotating packed bed (RPB) to catalyze this process. A series of Ni/MMO catalysts (63 wt%–89 wt% Ni) were effectively fabricated and the structure–activity relationship was established. Results showed that a Ni/MMO catalyst (82 wt% Ni) with substantial surface defect sites and the highest Ni surface area among the prepared Ni/MMO catalysts, demonstrates the highest activity with ~100% MA conversion and ~100% selectivity to SA under 25°C within 77 min. This is, to our knowledge, the highest conversion and selectivity under room temperature to date. Moreover, the Ni/MMO catalyst prepared by RPB has higher specific surface area and Ni surface area, therefore possessing a higher hydrogenation rate compared to that by stirred tank reactor (1.69 vs. 1.36, 10−3·molMA/gcat/min). These results will provide an attractive option of the catalysts for MA hydrogenation, and a novel strategy for synthesizing nickel catalyst derived from Ni‐Al hydrotalcite.
Craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry in gorillas, chimpanzees, and macaques
Authors: Romero Ashly N. , Mitchell D. Rex , Cooke Siobhán B. , Kirchhoff Claire A. , Terhune Claire E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesCraniofacial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) refers to the random deviations from symmetry exhibited across the craniofacial complex and can be used as a measure of developmental instability for organisms with bilateral symmetry. This article addresses the lack of data on craniofacial FA in nonhuman primates by analyzing FA magnitude and variation in chimpanzees, gorillas, and macaques. We offer a preliminary investigation into how FA, as a proxy for developmental instability, varies within and among nonhuman primates.Materials and MethodsWe generated 3D surface models of 121 crania fromPan troglodytes troglodytes,Gorilla gorilla gorilla, andMacaca fascicularis fascicularis. Using geometric morphometric techniques, the magnitude of observed FA was calculated and compared for each individual, sex, and taxon, along with the variation of FA across cranial regions and for each bilateral landmark.ResultsGorillas and macaques exhibited higher and more similar magnitudes of FA to each other than either taxon did to chimpanzees; variation in magnitude of FA followed this same trend. No significant differences were detected between sexes using pooled data across species, but sex did influence FA magnitude within taxa in gorillas. Further, variation in FA variance across cranial regions and by landmark was not distributed in any particular pattern.ConclusionPossible environmentally induced causes for these patterns of FA magnitude include differences in growth rate and physiological stress experienced during life. Developmental stability may be greatest in chimpanzees in this sample. Additionally, these results point to appropriate landmarks for future FA analyses and may help suggest more urgent candidate taxa for conservation efforts.
Process analytical technologies in cell therapy manufacturing: State‐of‐the‐art and future directions
Authors: Wang Bryan , Bowles‐Welch Annie C. , Yeago Carolyn , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCell therapies have the potential to effectively treat and even cure complex, currently untreatable diseases with unprecedented success. The cell therapy industry has been growing rapidly since the Food and Drug Administration approval of the first product in 2017. Despite tremendous promise, there are significant and unique challenges that must be overcome to make cell therapy manufacturing reproducible, scalable, high‐quality, and cost‐effective. Discovery and implementation of critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) to the complex cell therapy manufacturing processes is one such grand challenge for the field. The role of process analytical technologies (PATs) in CQA/CPP discovery and eventual in‐process, or at‐process monitoring to maintain consistent process and product quality, is indispensable. Here we discuss the major challenges and the strategic framework for optimizing process development and related PATs for various cell therapies, with a focus on upstream processes. We introduce relevant approaches, such as quality‐by‐design (QbD), and the implementation of PATs to enable QbD in current biomanufacturing processes. We examine state‐of‐the‐art PAT implementation on standard physicochemical parameters in biopharmaceutical operations and consider potential cell therapy‐related parameters that may be instrumental in overcoming the challenges of the current cell therapy manufacturing landscape. Current innovations applied to the field, such as high‐throughput and high‐dimensional analyses, machine learning, and novel sensor technologies, are also discussed. We conclude that advances in PATs are necessary to identify CQAs and CPPs, overcome limitations in current operating processes, reduce overall product cost, and significantly accelerate the translation of laboratory discoveries into commercialized cell therapy products.
Evaluation of the physiological changes in prehospital health‐care providers influenced by environmental factors in the summer of 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Nakagawa Koshi , Ozone Yuki , Kaneko Yuuki , Sugiki Shota , Hoshino Genki , Saito Shunsuke , Minami Arisa , Tanaka Hideharu 
Published: October 2021

AimWearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential to prevent infection transmission, but the risk of heatstroke increases with wearing PPE in a humid and hot environment. Therefore, we aimed to examine how environmental parameters change the body physiology in a hot environment during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study extracted from the MEDIC Japan heatstroke prevention database, which was recorded between 1 August and 7 September, 2020. Its database is a registry collection from seven healthy health‐care providers. Subjects recorded their own vital signs (forehead and tympanic temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation) and environmental factors (type of weather, wet‐bulb globe temperature [WBGT], air temperature, humidity, and location) every hour during their working shift.ResultsFrom 323 records, a weak positive but statistically significant correlation was observed between WBGT and pulse rate (correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval],r = 0.34 [0.23, 0.45]) and between WBGT and core body temperature. Forehead temperature had a stronger correlation than tympanic temperature (forehead,r = 0.33 [0.21, 0.43]; tympanic,r = 0.17 [0.05, 0.28]), which also showed a larger effect (forehead, η2 = 0.08; tympanic, η2 = 0.05). The effect size of oxygen saturation measured outdoors was large (η2 = 0.30). Forehead temperature increased abruptly at 28°C WBGT and at 33°C air temperature.ConclusionA hot environment significantly affected forehead temperature, and the daytime imposed a high risk of heatstroke. To avoid heatstroke, environmental parameters are important to note as outdoor environments had a large effect on vital sign changes depending on the time of day.
Geomimetic Hydrothermal Synthesis of Polyimide‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kim Taehyung , Joo Se Hun , Gong Jintaek , Choi Sungho , Min Ju Hong , Kim Yongchul , Lee Geunsik , Lee Eunji , Park Soojin , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Hee‐Seung , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite its abundance, water is not widely used as a medium for organic reactions. However, under geothermal conditions, water exhibits unique physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and a dielectric constant, and the ionic product become similar to those of common organic solvents. We have synthesized highly crystalline polyimide‐based covalent organic frameworks (PICs) under geomimetic hydrothermal conditions. By exploiting triphenylene‐2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexacarboxylic acid in combination with various aromatic diamines, PICs with various pore dimensions and crystallinities were synthesized. XRD, FT‐IR, and DFT calculations revealed that the solubility of the oligomeric intermediates under hydrothermal conditions affected the stacking structures of the crystalline PICs. Furthermore, the synthesized PICs demonstrate promising potential as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries owing to its unique redox‐active properties and high surface area.
Photochemical synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles using Pistacia khinjuk leaves extract (PKL@AgNPs) and their applications as an alternative catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents
Authors: Zare‐Bidaki Majid , Mohammadparast‐Tabas Pouria , Peyghambari Yasaman , Chamani Elham , Siami‐Aliabad Mahin , Mortazavi‐Derazkola Sobhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, antimicrobial resistance of different bacteria against various antibiotics and contamination of water resources by various dyes has been one of the most important human problems. Therefore, in this research, biogenic silver nanoparticles were synthesized using nontoxic and rapid approach using Pistacia khinjuk leaves extract (P. khinjuk) as compatible and safe reducing agent (PKL@AgNPs). Nanoparticle optimization experiments were performed at different times, temperatures and concentrations in order to achieve the most optimal conditions. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized in terms crystalline, morphology and structural. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra showed that the phenol compounds present in the P. khinjuk leaves extract were responsible for silver ion (Ag+) reduction and stabilization of AgNPs (Ag0). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results revealed that the product were face‐centered cubic structure, homogeneous, uniformly, oval‐like and spherical morphology with size of about 35–45 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as hazardous contaminants. The degradation efficiency of PKL@AgNPs for MB and MO pollutants were 93.2% and 85.37% under UV and 75.18% and 70.03% under sun‐light irradiations, respectively. Furthermore, the PKL@AgNPs showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.58, 0.58, 0.58, 1.17, 2.34, 1.17, and 0.15 μg ml−1, respectively. The antioxidant activity of PKL@AgNPs was calculated and the results revealed that the percentage of DPPH inhibition increased (3.8% to 69.9%) with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles. Also, the PKL@AgNPs also revealed significant anticancer activity on k562 as a human leukemia cancer cell line (IC50 = 2.69 μg ml−1). All these investigations revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by natural extract have the potential to use as low‐cost and efficient nanoparticles for environmental and biomedical applications.
Enhanced anticancer property of bio‐organometallic nano composites: Design, characterization, and biological evaluation
Authors: Sindhu Mathiyazhagan , Kalaivani Palaniappan , Prabhakaran Rathinasabapathi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeries of organoruthenium complexes and their nano biocomposites were prepared and analyzed by various spectral analyzed techniques like infrared (IR), UV–Vis,1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). The redox properties of organoruthenium complexes were studied by cyclic voltammogram. UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy employed to study the binding affinity of Ru (III) complexes with CT‐DNA and serum albumin (bovine serum albumin [BSA]). From the Ksv and Kb values, the interaction between BSA and organoruthenium complexes confirmed the mechanism of binding as static quenching. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies validated the formation of new hybrid organometallic proteomics (P1–P4), while binding of the complexes with protein (BSA). A comparative cytotoxic profile of organoruthenium complexes and their nano biocomposites were evaluated. The results revealed the higher anticancer activity of nano biocomposites than their parent organoruthenium derivatives.
Effect of polypropylene molecular weight distribution on the balance between the toughness and rigidity of the impact polypropylene composites
Authors: Li Fushi , Gao Yunbao , Yan Nan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhang Xuequan , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, homo‐polypropylene (HPP) with the same number average molecular weight () while different molecular weight distribution (MWD) are directly melt blended with a polyolefin elastomer (POE) in order to study the effects of the MWD of HPP on the brittle‐ductile transition (BDT) and the balance between toughness and rigidity of the PP/POE composites. The results show that for the same number average molecular weight HPP, the wider the MWD, the higher the brittle strength σb of the HPP is, and the larger the critical interparticle distance (IDc) of the composite is. Larger IDc means lower modifier content can induce the BDT, and thereby leads to less modulus loss of the composites. Namely, the toughened HPP with wider MWD can have a better balance between toughness and rigidity.