bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven diffusion with uncertainties
Authors: Korzeniowski Tim Fabian , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a data‐driven finite element analysis the experimental data are directly employed as an input for computational analysis, thus evading any state of matter modeling. The essential physical principles, such as balance laws and continuity, remain unchanged, as do all the numerical schemes used in their discretization. In addition, uncertainties and fluctuations of the experimentally measured data directly enter the simulation.Here the data‐driven finite element analysis is applied to diffusion which is a common problem with multiple applications like particle exchange, temperature evolution, disease spread or information distribution. The governing equations and the finite element system of the data‐driven method are derived and the numerical solution is illustrated by simple examples.
Deep learning‐based automatic detection of multitype defects in photovoltaic modules and application in real production line
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhan Ke , Wang Zhen , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutomatic defect detection in electroluminescence (EL) images of photovoltaic (PV) modules in production line remains as a challenge to replace time‐consuming and expensive human inspection and improve capacity. This paper presents a deep learning‐based automatic detection of multitype defects to fulfill inspection requirements of production line. At first, a database composed of 5983 labeled EL images of defective PV modules is built, and 19 types of identified defects are introduced. Next, a convolutional neural network is trained on top‐14 defects, and the best model is selected and tested, achieving 70.2% mAP50 (mean average precision with at least 50% localization accuracy). Then, through analyzing an object detection‐based confusion matrix, recognition bias and detection compensation in missed defects that restrain the best model's mAP50 are discovered to be harmless to normal/defective module classification in real production line. Finally, after setting specific screen criteria for different types of defects, normal/defective module classification is conducted on additionally collected 4791 EL images of PV modules on 3 days, and the best model achieves balanced scores of 95.1%, 96.0%, and 97.3%, respectively. As a result, this method surely has a highly promising potential to be adopted in real production line.
In silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation of deleterious PAH mutations responsible for phenylketonuria genetic disorder
Authors: Lopez Andrea , Havranek Brandon , Papadantonakis George A. , Islam Shahidul M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that if left untreated can lead to behavioral problems, epilepsy, and even mental retardation. PKU results from mutations within the phenylalanine‐4‐hydroxylase (PAH) gene that encodes for the PAH protein. The study of all PAH causing mutations is improbable using experimental techniques. In this study, a collection of in silico resources, sorting intolerant from tolerant, Polyphen‐2, PhD‐SNP, and MutPred were used to identify possible pathogenetic and deleterious PAH non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). We identified two variants of PAH, I65N and L311P, to be the most deleterious and disease causing nsSNPs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to characterize these point mutations on the atomic level. MD simulations revealed increased flexibility and a decrease in the hydrogen bond network for both mutants compared to the native protein. Free energy calculations using the MM/GBSA approach found that BH4, a drug‐based therapy for PKU patients, had a higher binding affinity for I65N and L311P mutants compared to the wildtype protein. We also identify important residues in the BH4 binding pocket that may be of interest for the rational drug design of other PAH drug‐based therapies. Lastly, free energy calculations also determined that the I65N mutation may impair the dimerization of the N‐terminal regulatory domain of PAH.
Evaluation of flupyradifurone for the management of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri via dripping irrigation systems
Authors: Wen Yingjie , Meng Huayue , Zhao Chen , Lin Fei , Xu Hanhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical control is the most used and effective method to control Diaphorina citri, the vector of the phloem‐limited bacteria associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of flupyradifurone applied via dripping irrigation systems on D. citri. Bioassays were conducted using leaves harvested on various dates post treatment, and insecticide residue in leaf tissue was quantified.RESULTSThe drip application of flupyradifurone on citrus trees provided high‐level and long‐term control against D. citri adult, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) for ingestion of flupyradifurone in D. citri was 22.22 mg kg–1 (fresh leaf). Flupyradifurone residue was detected in leaf tissue within 3 days after treatment. The measured level of flupyradifurone peaked on day 40 day after application, and then showed a steady decline in subsequent days for all three applied dosages. The amounts of flupyradifurone in upper, middle, and lower leaves were similar, and trends in the change in concentration of flupyradifurone were consistent.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate that flupyradifurone can be a valuable new tool for D. citri management programs, and drip‐applied flupyradifurone provides an extended period of control efficacy. This paper could provide a reference to reduce the dependence on foliar‐applied insecticides, with associated benefits for non‐target exposure to workers and pollinators. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization and comparison of the bacterial microbiota of Lysiphlebia japonica parasitioid wasps and their aphid host Aphis gosypii
Authors: Gao Xueke , Niu Ruichang , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Ji Jichao , Niu Lin , Wu Changcai , Zhang Shuai , Luo Junyu , Cui Jinjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndosymbiotic bacteria have been reported to mediate interactions between parasitoids and their insect hosts. How parasitic wasps influence changes in host microbial communities and the relationship between them are of great importance to the study of host‐parasitoid co‐evolutionary and ecological interactions. However, these interactions remain largely unreported for interactions between Aphis gossypii and Lysiphlebia japonica.RESULTSIn this study, we characterize the bacterial microbiota of L. japonica wasps at different developmental stages and monitor changes over time in the bacterial microbiota of their parasitized and nonparasitized aphid hosts, using metagenomic analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing data. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the three most abundant bacterial phyla identified in L. japonica. We found that parasitism was associated with an increased abundance of Buchnera nutritional endosymbionts, but decreased abundance of Acinetobacter, Arsenophonus, Candidatus_Hamiltonella, and Pseudomonas facultative symbionts in aphid hosts. Functional analysis of enriched pathways of parasitized aphids showed significant differences in the ‘transport and metabolism of carbohydrates’ and ‘amino acid, lipid, and coenzyme biosynthesis’ pathways. Notably, the composition of symbiotic bacteria in wasp larvae was highly similar to that of their aphid hosts, especially the high abundance of Buchnera.CONCLUSIONThe results provide a conceptual framework for L. japonica interactions with A. gossypii in which the exchange of symbiotic microbes provides a means by which microbiota can potentially serve as evolutionary drivers of complex, multilevel interactions underlying the ecology and co‐evolution of these hosts and parasites.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Spindle cell sarcoma: a rare cause of a spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Pedroso Ana , Beckert Lutz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecondary spontaneous pneumothoraces are associated with a variety of lung disorders. Malignancy is a rare cause of a pneumothorax and rarely the presenting feature. Cavitating primary tumours are less frequent causes of pneumothoraces than secondary tumours. We present the case of an asymptomatic spontaneous pneumothorax in a 71‐year‐old never‐smoking woman. Her right apical pneumothorax was diagnosed by chance on a chest radiograph for a fall. Her final diagnosis was a primary spindle cell sarcoma of the pleura. This case demonstrates the need to explore the underlying causes of a non‐resolving pneumothorax. The early diagnosis of her sarcoma allowed curative treatment.
A performance region‐based approach to the leader‐following consensus of nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Duan Zhisheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe communication network is usually susceptible to effective communication channel capacity variation and transmission imperfections, which renders the connection among networked agents unstable. Motivated by this fact, we assume that the communication graphs are Markovian randomly switching, because the Markovian chain process is commonly employed to describe the network subject to Rayleigh fading channel. Under such a communication connection assumption, this article investigates the globally leader‐following consensus control problem for grouped agents with nonlinear dynamics. Different nonlinear dynamics, including Lur'e and Lorenz‐type chaotic systems, are considered. By using the tools from the robust control theory, the conditions guaranteeing the globally leader‐following consensus are derived. Under such conditions, consensus control protocols can be designed solely based on the relative state information transmitted over the communication network, by solving some linear matrix inequalities. Then, we characterize the robustness of the controlled systems against the variation of the communication graphs with the globally leader‐following consensus performance region. It is theoretically shown that the networked nonlinear systems under the proposed controller yield unbounded and connected robust performance regions. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by conducting numerical simulations on networks consisting of Chua's oscillators and Lü systems.
Halogen Bonds Stabilised by an Electronic Exchange Channel
Authors: Miranda Matias O. , Duarte Darío J. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe σ‐hole is an important concept which has been widely used lately to describe the halogen bond (XB) essentially as electrostatic in nature. However, this idea is not free of controversy. For the sake of this work, localised molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (LMOEDA), interacting quantum atom (IQA) method and analysis of the electrostatic potential have been applied to O−Cl⋅⋅⋅B (B=CO, PH3, SH2, CS, NH3, OH−) complexes. The results show that in their equilibrium geometry the stabilizing effect that arises from the Pauli exclusion principle is larger in magnitude than the electrostatic interactions. Besides, it appears that an electronic exchange channel is established at a certain approach distance between the monomers.
pH‐Sensitive Polymeric Poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) Core‐ Chitosan/Alginate Shell Particle System for Oral Insulin Delivery
Authors: Kalaycioglu Gokce D. , Elamin Arwa A. , Kinali Hurmet , Aydogan Nihal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOral administration of the drugs is considered as one of the most convenient and comfortable routes. However, an effective oral delivery of insulin still remains a challenging and elusive goal, due to bioavailability problem. The aim of our work is to develop a pH sensitive polymeric system for the oral delivery of insulin based on a poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) core and shells of chitosan (CS) and alginate (ALG). The particles were prepared based on the double emulsion (water/oil/water) solvent evaporation method. The effect of blending Pluronic127 (F127) into the hydrophobic PCL matrix to improve its water permeability by increasing specific surface area. ALG have been chosen to provide the needed pH‐sensitivity to the system. However, to coat the PCL surface with this anionic ALG layer a cationic CS layer has been added. The influence of each of the CS and ALG layers on the nanoparticle's physiochemical properties as well as on the encapsulation efficiency and the drug release behavior of the nanoparticles was investigated. The results showed that CS and ALG shells increased the stability of the nanoparticles. The in vitro release studies using two different pH environments (1.2 and 6.8) to simulate the physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) showed that, the particles have pH‐responsive release patterns. The kinetics studies showed that, the insulin release from all the particles formulations obey the Korsmeyer‐ Peppas kinetic model.
Low‐Dimensional‐Networked Perovskites with A‐Site‐Cation Engineering for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Yao Disheng , Hoang Minh Tam , Wang Hongxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional‐networked (LDN) perovskites denote materials in which the molecular structure adopts 2D, 1D, or 0D arrangement. Compared to conventional 3D structured lead halide perovskite (chemical formula: ABX3 where A: monovalent cations, B: divalent cations, X: halides) that have been studied widely as light absorber and used in current state‐or‐the‐art solar cells, LDN perovskite have unique properties such as more flexible crystal structure, lower ion transport mobility, robust stability against environmental stress such as moisture, thermal, etc., making them attractive for applications in optoelectronic devices. Since 2014, reports on LDN perovskite materials used in perovskite solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), luminescent solar concentrators (LSC), and photodetectors have been reported, aiming to overcome the obstacles of conventional 3DN perovskite materials in these optoelectronic devices. In this review, the variable ligands used to make LDN perovskite materials are summarized, their distinct properties compared to conventional 3D perovskite materials. The research progress of optoelectronic devices including solar cells, LEDs, LSCs, and photodetectors that used different LDNs perovskite, the roles and working mechanisms of the LDN perovskites in the devices are also demonstrated. Finally, key research challenges and outlook of LDN materials for various optoelectronic applications are discussed.
Anaesthetic management of a bovine for ventral midline coeliotomy approach to hysterotomy
Authors: Kadwa Abdur Rahmaan , Brown Geoffrey James , Buck Roxanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn eight‐year‐old, multiparous Chianina cow presented for the removal of a term, emphysematous calf following a dystocia. Delivery of the calf trans‐vaginally intact or piecemeal by fetotomy was impossible due to the partially closed cervix. A midline coeliotomy approach to hysterotomy under general anaesthesia was elected in order to reduce peritoneal spillage of uterine content. This case report aims to discuss the peri‐anaesthetic management of the cow, specifically the ventilation strategy, approach to premedication and analgesic protocol.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Ruthenium Complexes [Ru(acac)2(ciq)] with Ambidentate Camphoriminoquinone (ciq) Ligands
Authors: Filippou Vasileios , Blickle Svenja , Bubrin Martina , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReaction of [Ru(acac)2(MeCN)2], acac−=acetylacetonate, with N‐phenylcamphoriminoquinone (pciq) or the new N‐(2‐thiomethylphenyl)‐camphoriminoquinone (tciq) produces complexes [Ru(acac)2(pciq)] and [Ru(acac)2(tciq)] with N,O or N,S coordination and E or Z configuration at the C=N bond, respectively. Oxidation state assignments in comparison with classical iminoquinone ligands are based on structural data in connection with DFT calculations. Reversible oxidation yields complex ions [RuIII(acac)2(pciq)]+ and [RuIII(acac)2(tciq)]+ as characterized by EPR, IR and UV‐vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry.
Embedded System Hardware
Authors: Marwedel Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we will present the interface between the physical environment and information processing (the cyphy-interface) together with the hardware required for processing, storing, and communicating information. Due to considering CPS, covering the cyphy-interface is indispensable. The need to cover other hardware components as well is a consequence of their impact on the performance, timing characteristics, power consumption, safety, and security.
Temporal and spatial variation in adult and juvenile mobile fauna associated with natural and artificial coastal habitats
Authors: Hall Alice E. , Herbert Roger J. H. , Stafford Richard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoastal habitats are important for commercially exploited and protected species of fish and larger mobile invertebrates. The addition of artificial structures within the marine environment has the potential to alter the connectivity between habitats and to affect metapopulations of a region. Baited remote underwater videos (BRUV) were used to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation in abundance of adult and juvenile mobile species associated with subtidal natural and artificial habitats within Poole Bay on the south coast of England in 2019. Metrics included the relative maximum abundance (MaxN), number of species seen (S), assemblage structure and size range of fish. Higher values of MaxN and S were recorded on artificial structures in the spring and early summer; however, this pattern was reversed by mid-summer and early autumn when more fish were recorded on the natural reefs. Yet overall differences in MaxN and S between habitats were not significant. Differences in assemblage composition between habitats varied monthly, but this was mostly driven by particular sites. Although most fish observed were juveniles, there were some seasonal differences in the size of fish using natural and artificial sites, especially bib (Trisopterus luscus), black bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus), bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and pollack (Pollachius pollachius). The artificial habitats in this region appeared to be important in certain months, so temporal studies of this type need to be incorporated within surveys, particularly those in proximity to protected areas.
Lenz microphthalmia syndrome in neurosurgical practice: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Monticelli Matteo , De Marco Raffaele , Garbossa Diego 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLenz microphthalmia syndrome (LMS) is an allelic X-linked syndrome correlated to a null mutation of B cell lymphoma (BCL-6) corepressor (BCOR) gene, which is essential in the early embryonic development. Phenotypically, this rare hereditary syndrome is characterized by microphthalmia/anophthalmia and other eye disorders; mental disability; dental, ear, and digital abnormalities; and variable malformations affecting the heart, skeleton (limbs and/or spine), and genitourinary tract. In this paper, a case of a young adult with LMS affected additionally by immuno-hematological disturbances was treated with decompressive craniectomy after domestic accidental fall. Case description and a brief review of the current literature about this rare condition are presented here.
Drohende Corona-Endemie in einer rheumatologischen Spezialklinik – relative Entwarnung durch konsequente Testung
Authors: Andreica I. , Guminski B. , Sokolar J. , Patru A. , Baraliakos X. , Braun J. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hält die meisten Länder der Welt anhaltend in Atem. In Deutschland liegt die Prävalenz von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen zwar noch unter 2 %, die Zahlen steigen aber seit Wochen auch in Deutschland wieder an. Die rheumatologische Versorgung wurde durch die 1. Welle der Pandemie vorübergehend beeinträchtigt. Wir berichten über die Infektionssituation in der größten deutschen Rheumaspezialklinik, dem Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, weil es hier vor Kurzem während der 2. Welle erstmals zum Auftreten von mehreren SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen an einem Wochenende gekommen ist, was zu einer erheblichen Unruhe bei vielen Beteiligten führte. Die Situation konnte durch konsequentes Testen von Patienten und Mitarbeitern mit dem Antigenschnelltest aufgeklärt und die Lage beruhigt werden. Letztlich waren nur wenige Getestete positiv, und die Verläufe bei den Patienten blieben bis jetzt blande. Dies zeigt auch die Effektivität der seit April konsequent durchgeführten hygienischen Schutzmaßnahmen.
Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: an umbrella review
Authors: Burns Carol J. , Juberg Daland R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to identify the scope of the epidemiology literature reviewed regarding the risk of cancer as related to occupational exposure to pesticides and to compare regulatory toxicity results where feasible.

Methods
Review studies of breast, lung, prostate, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and colorectal cancer were identified from the published literature from 2010 to 2020 using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Epidemiology observations were first assessed and then compared against carcinogenicity profiles derived from regulatory toxicology studies.

Results
Several active ingredients were associated with specific cancer but overall, there was neither strong nor consistent epidemiologic data supportive of a positive association between pesticide exposure in occupational settings and cancer. Authors noted common themes related to the heterogeneity of exposure, study design, control for confounders, and the challenge to collect these data reliably and validly with an adequate sample size. Toxicology studies in laboratory animals that assessed carcinogenic potential did not reveal cancer outcomes that were concordant with reported epidemiologic findings.

Conclusions
Farming and pesticides represent diverse exposures that are difficult to quantify in epidemiologic studies. Going forward, investigators will need creative and novel approaches for exposure assessment. Integration of epidemiologic and toxicological studies with attention to biological plausibility, mode of toxicological action and relevance to humans will increase the ability to better assess associations between pesticides and cancer.
Oxygen, secreted proteins and small RNAs: mobile elements that govern anther development
Authors: Dukowic-Schulze Stefanie , van der Linde Karina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCorrect anther development is essential for male fertility and subsequently agricultural yield. Defects in anther development range from the early stage of stamen formation until the late stage of tapetum degeneration. In particular, the specification of the four distinct somatic layers and the inner sporogenous cells need perfect orchestration relying on precise cell–cell communication. Up to now, several signals, which coordinate the anther´s developmental program, have been identified. Among the known signals are phytohormones, environmental conditions sensed via glutaredoxins, several receptor-like kinases triggered by ligands like MAC1, and small RNAs such as miRNAs and the monocot-prevalent reproductive phasiRNAs. Rather than giving a full review on anther development, here we discuss anther development with an emphasis on mobile elements like ROS/oxygen, secreted proteins and small RNAs (only briefly touching on phytohormones), how they might act and interact, and what the future of this research area might reveal.