bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophic signaling deficiency exacerbates environmental risks for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Wu Zhourui , Chen Chun , Kang Seong Su , Liu Xia , Gu Xiaohuan , Yu Shan Ping , Keene C Dirk , Cheng Liming , Ye Keqiang 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The molecular mechanisms accounting for the environmental risk factor stimulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis including traumatic brain injury, diabetes, and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remain unclear. The BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway plays a critical role in neuronal synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Since the BDNF/TrkB pathway is reduced during aging and in AD human brains, we hypothesize that the crosstalk between these risk factors and BDNF/TrkB deficiency may mediate AD pathologies. Our previous studies establish that the C/EBPβ/δ-secretase pathway plays a pivotal role in triggering the major AD pathologies. Therefore, in the current report, we provide extensive evidence demonstrating that BDNF/TrkB reduction regulates this pathway activation under various risk factors, mediating Aβ and Tau pathology spreading in the brain.
Substrate metabolism during exercise: Sexual dimorphism and women's specificities
Authors: Boisseau Nathalie , Isacco Laurie 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this review is to discuss sexual dimorphism of energy metabolism, and to describe the impact of women's hormonal status on substrate oxidation during exercise. Many evidences indicate that sex steroids play a pivotal role in the sex‐related differences of body composition and energy substrate storage. Compared with men, women rely more on fat and less on carbohydrates at the same relative exercise intensity. Scientific data suggest that 17‐β oestradiol is a key hormone for the regulation of body composition and substrate metabolism. However, in women, measurements with stable isotopic tracers did not highlight any difference in whole‐body substrate oxidation rates between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle during endurance exercise. The remaining discrepancies about the effect of menstrual cycle‐related hormone fluctuations on substrate oxidation could be partly explained by the exercise intensity, which is an important regulator of substrate oxidation. Due to their specific nature and concentration, the synthetic ovarian hormones contained in oral contraceptives also influence substrate metabolism during endurance exercise. However, more studies are needed to confirm that oral contraceptives increase lipolytic activity during endurance exercise without any substantial (or detectable) effect on substrate utilization. Pregnancy and menopause also modify body composition and substrate utilization during exercise through specific hormonal fluctuations. This review highlights that the hormonal status is likely to affect substrate oxidation during exercise in women emphasizing the need to take it into consideration to optimize their health and performance.
How can GeoGebra support physics education in upper-secondary school—a review
Authors: Solvang Lorena , Haglund Jesper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, GeoGebra, a mathematics education software, has entered the scene of physics education; however, research on how the software can be used to support teaching and learning physics is limited and scattered. The aim of this article is to present a review of the current literature on how GeoGebra can be used to support physics education in upper-secondary schools. The general conclusion that comes from these studies is that GeoGebra is a user-friendly software that can be operated intuitively by teachers and students. It provides an environment in which the underlying mathematical structures are always at hand, enabling users to see connections between physical phenomena and their formal representations. In addition, teachers with or without programming skills can use the software to design custom-made computer simulations and augment real experiments with virtual objects. Our intention is to help teachers who would like to start using GeoGebra or to broaden the use of the software in physics education.
An analogical simulation for teaching electric circuits: a rationale for use in lower secondary school
Authors: Burde Jan-Philipp , Weatherby Thomas Sean , Kronenberger Arthur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding simple electric DC circuits often represents a great challenge to many students in lower secondary schools. As a result, students’ knowledge of this subject is often dominated by alternative conceptions, even after instruction. One of the reasons for these learning difficulties is the intangibility of key physical quantities and concepts of electric circuits such as the electric potential or the electric current. A potentially effective way of making circuits more accessible to students in introductory electricity lessons represents the use of analogies or models. However, as a brief review shows, there is no single analogy or model that is ideally suited to foster an understanding of all key aspects of simple DC circuits. In order to address this issue and help learners develop a mental model of circuits, a new analogical simulation of simple electric circuits was developed. The simulation is suited for use in combination with the bike chain and the air pressure analogy and aims to support students’ development of a qualitative understanding of potential difference and current in circuits as well as a treatment of circuits as a connected system. Teachers and students can access the 3D simulation free of charge using a modern browser via www.marblemodel.com.
Twin vortex computer in fluid flow
Authors: Goto Ken , Nakajima Kohei , Notsu Hirofumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fluids exist universally in nature and technology. Among the many types of fluid flows is the well-known vortex shedding, which takes place when a fluid flows past a bluff body. Diverse types of vortices can be found in this flow as the Reynolds number increases. In this study, we reveal that these vortices can be employed for conducting certain types of computation. The results from computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that optimal computational performance is achieved near the critical Reynolds number, where the flow exhibits a twin vortex before the onset of the Kármán vortex shedding associated with the Hopf bifurcation. It is revealed that as the Reynolds number increases toward the bifurcation point, the input sensitivity of the twin vortex motion also increases, suggesting the modality of information processing within the system. Our finding paves a novel path to understand the relationship between fluid dynamics and its computational capability.
Enhanced detection techniques of orbital angular momentum states in the classical and quantum regimes
Authors: Suprano Alessia , Zia Danilo , Polino Emanuele , Giordani Taira , Innocenti Luca , Paternostro Mauro , Ferraro Alessandro , Spagnolo Nicolò , Sciarrino Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has been at the center of several classical and quantum applications for imaging, information processing and communication. However, the complex structure inherent in OAM states makes their detection and classification nontrivial in many circumstances. Most of the current detection schemes are based on models of the OAM states built upon the use of Laguerre–Gauss (LG) modes. However, this may not in general be sufficient to capture full information on the generated states. In this paper, we go beyond the LG assumption, and employ hypergeometric-Gaussian (HyGG) modes as the basis states of a refined model that can be used—in certain scenarios—to better tailor OAM detection techniques. We show that enhanced performances in OAM detection are obtained for holographic projection via spatial light modulators in combination with single-mode fibers (SMFs), and for classification techniques based on a machine learning approach. Furthermore, a three-fold enhancement in the SMF coupling efficiency is obtained for the holographic technique, when using the HyGG model with respect to the LG one. This improvement provides a significant boost in the overall efficiency of OAM-encoded single-photon detection systems. Given that most of the experimental works using OAM states are effectively based on the generation of HyGG modes, our findings thus represent a relevant addition to experimental toolboxes for OAM-based protocols in quantum communication, cryptography and simulation.
Ground improvement by vertical band drains and controlled modulus columns
Authors: Varaksin Serge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The company FM Logistic plans to build a warehouse about 40 km at east of Moscow. Total area of the future project is 149 615 m². Compressive soil layers have been identified by the soil investigations. The main purpose of this article is to illustrate soil improvement solution in order to ensure the bearing capacity and to limit the absolute and differential settlement to allowable values.
The role of chemico-osmosis in the performance assessment of bentonite-based contaminant barriers
Authors: Dominijanni A , Guarena N , Manassero M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although conservative estimates of the containment performance of bentonite-based barriers can be obtained from the classical advective-diffusive transport theory, the semipermeable properties of the bentonite component can determine a significant reduction in the migration rate of contaminants at low salt concentrations (< 100 mM). After introducing the transport equations for a semipermeable porous medium, the paper presents the laboratory testing apparatuses and procedures that allow the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient, ω, and the osmotic effective diffusion coefficient, D
*
ω, of bentonites to be experimentally assessed. Finally, the advantages that derive from the ability to model the semipermeable behaviour of bentonites in the design of geoenvironmental barriers are discussed with the aid of a calculation example, which considers the use of geosynthetic clay liners for the bottom lining of waste disposal facilities.
Regulation of additional settlements of dense urban infrastructure objects during execution of deep excavations and raft-pile foundation of high-rise buildings
Authors: Marinichev M B , Tkachev I G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the calculation and design steps of deep excavations and foundations of a high-rise building on a territory with a high groundwater level and existing buildings with a physical wear of their bearing structures and foundations located in the zone of mutual influence. The aim is to find a rational solution for the diaphragm wall, pile-raft foundation of the high-rise building in order to protect adjacent objects and consider various factors that determine the nonlinear behavior of subsoil layers and the elements of geotechnical protection. As an example, a project of a high-rise building with a multi-level underground parking located in the central part of Krasnodar is shown. It is designed and calculated considering the staged construction of the pile-raft foundation, non-linear behavior of the subsoil layers, the influence of a variable groundwater level, the risk of technological settlements and liquefaction of the underlying sandy soil layers. Due to the performed researches and by following the construction methods, it became possible to keep the existing buildings and structures safe during the construction period and further operations. The observed methods of construction of the pile-raft foundations and deep excavations in difficult subsoil conditions using the example of the central part of Krasnodar make it possible to recommend the obtained results as a rational solution applicable for similar cases in conditions of a dense urban infrastructure.
Application of a base reinforced with a horizontal geosynthetic layer for the foundation of a steel tank
Authors: Kleveko V I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Erection of structures on soft soils is a difficult task. The cost of the foundation in such cases can be up to 30-35% of the cost of the entire structure. Therefore, an urgent task is the use of effective foundation structures. The use of reinforcing geosynthetic materials is one such method. The article describes the experience of using geosynthetic reinforcing materials in the construction of the foundation for steel cylindrical vertical tanks with a volume of 630 m3. The results of calculations of the settlement of tank foundations by the analytical method and the finite element method are presented. The obtained values of vertical displacements were compared with the results of geodesic measurements of the constructed reservoirs. The analysis of the results obtained showed good convergence of the calculation results by the analytical method with the actual measurements of the vertical displacements of the foundations. Also, the economic efficiency of using a foundation on a reinforced base was determined.
Determination of additional load on the bridge foundation pile under karst deformation
Authors: Gotman N Z , Evdokimov A G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is necessary to assess the additional loads transferred to the piles during the growth of a karst cavity in karst soils for designing bridge support pile foundations in karst areas. Additional loads arise due to the displacement of the soil mass above the cavity and the emergence of “negative friction” forces on the pile lateral surface. The paper proposes a method for determining the additional load on the pile depending on the distance from the pile bottom to the karst soil roof and the predicted diameter of the cavity in karst soils. A method for numerical variation calculations based on the analysis of the change of shear stresses on the pile lateral surface at different stages of loading with the growth of a cavity and the stable arch over the cavity is proposed. The correct design model and criteria for stability evaluation of the arch over the cavity are selected. A series of numerical calculations are made. An analytical solution to determine the additional load on the pile depending on the distance from the pile bottom to the karst soil roof and the predicted diameter of the cavity in karst soils is obtained.
Experimental evaluation of reclaimed asphalt with foamed bitumen strength
Authors: Dolinsky Y A , Matveev S A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of laboratory studies of strength and water resistance indicators of asphalt treated with different amounts of added foamed bitumen by using cylindrical specimens for indirect tensile strength test are presented. It has been experimentally established that the fulfillment of the minimum requirements for material of class 1 is observed with the addition of foamed bitumen of at least 2.2%.
Effect of the fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of clay soils, including properties under conditions of seasonal freezing and thawing
Authors: Obsharova A V , Grishina A S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article presents the test results of clay reinforced with discrete polypropylene fibers. The authors prove the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement to improve the soil’s strength characteristics and the lack of fibers’ effectiveness to increase the deformation characteristics. The article presents previous studies on the effect of fiber reinforcement on the degree of swelling and shrinkage of the soil. The testing program and results of heaving tests are considered. The article presents an analysis of the influence of fiber reinforcement on the soil’s heaving properties on the thawing coefficient and compressibility of clay soils during thawing. The test results are presented in tables and graphs, conclusions and recommendations are drawn up.
Experimental studies of the structural strength effect on the swelling of clay soils
Authors: Gabibov F G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper notes that the influence on the increase in the clay soil swelling disturbs both intra-aggregate and inter-aggregate bonds. A new technique and device for studying the “sensitivity” of swollen clay soils have been developed, which make it possible to study more accurately the swelling of clay soils in the natural state and also in the structurally disturbed one on the same sample. Studies of the swollen clay soils “sensitivity” selected from various regions of Azerbaijan have shown that with an increase in the depth of clay soils, their coefficient of structural strength influence on swelling, i.e., “sensitivity” increases significantly.
Highly porous, hierarchically structured nickel nanomaterials consolidated by powder metallurgy methods
Authors: Gnedovets A G , Zelensky V A , Ankudinov A B , Shustov V S , Alymov M I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Highly porous permeable nickel materials with a hierarchical structure were consolidated by powder metallurgy methods in sintering-dissolution and sintering-evaporation processes from nickel nanopowder and micropowders of two different types of space holders – water-soluble sodium chloride NaCl and thermally unstable ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, respectively. Nanopowder nickel materials with three levels of hierarchical porosity were obtained using bidisperse micropowders of soluble NaCl space holder.
Study of synthesis dynamics of ceramic materials nanopowders at different processing modes by ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Chernikov A S , Kochuev D A , Voznesenskaya A A , Egorova A V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a developed experimental setup for the synthesis of spherical nanoparticles using different processing modes by exposure of femtosecond laser pulses in an argon atmosphere. Using the combined processing approach leads to both an increase in ablation process efficiency and an increase in the dispersion of particle size of the resulting fraction as a result of coagulation of ablation products due to prolonged stay in the discharge plasma. When processing is carried out in an electrostatic field, there is a close to linear growth in ablation process efficiency in the investigated range of laser pulse energy. In this case, compared to the treatment with only a laser beam without an electrostatic field the dispersion of particle size of the resulting fraction is reduced. The difference in efficiency between these modes is about 70% at pulse energy of 145 μJ.
Reinforcing effects in elastomeric composites, filled with particles of mineral fillers, based on silicon dioxide and carbon
Authors: Kornev Yu V , Semenov N A , Vlasov A N , Valiev Kh Kh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When creating elastomeric composites, structures and products made from such materials, considerable attention is paid to environmental issues, as well as to improving economic efficiency and energy efficiency in its production. In this regard, the development of new types of strengthening highly dispersed fillers for elastomeric and polymer composite materials, including those of natural origin, providing an optimal balance of mechanical properties of composites and having advantages over existing solutions, is an actual task. In the course of the work, a technology was developed for producing highly dispersed fillers by ultrafine grinding of raw materials. The obtained experimental data shows a significant reinforcement effect (up to five times) with a decrease in the average particle size of the filler. It is established, that he most effective filler, in terms of reinforcement, are particles based on amorphous silicon dioxide, obtained from rice husk processing products and shungite rock. The significant influence of the surface functionality and the carbon/silicon dioxide ratio of submicron filler particles on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites is shown. It is established that new classes of reinforcing fillers can be recommended for practical use in the future.
On the possibility of autoclave desiliconization of ilmenite-leucoxene concentrates using lime milk
Authors: Zablotskaya Y V , Sadykhov G B , Tuzhilin A S , Anisonyan K G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of studies on the autoclave desilicization of silicon-titanium concentrates of the Pizhemskoye field. Leaching was carried out using burnt lime as a reagent in the presence of the initiator NaOH. The work was carried out on two types of concentrate-pseudorutyl (siliceous-ilmenite) and leucoxene concentrate, which differ in the content of SiO2 (14,03 and 36,8%, respectively) and Fe2O3 (21,6 and 1,1%, respectively). The process was based on the selective binding of silica to calcium hydrometasilicate, which, upon subsequent calcination at 1050 °C, crystallizes into β-wollastonite.
Influence of ultrasonic treatment on kinetic of asphaltene aggregation in toluene/heptane mixture
Authors: Kuryakov V N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article illustrates the results of a study of ultrasonic dispersion’s influence on kinetic of asphaltene aggregation in a toluene/heptane mixture. The study was carried out by the method of dynamic light scattering. This optical method allows to measure the size of nano- and submicron particles in liquid medium. This method allows to measure the dependence of the average size of asphaltene aggregates during primary and secondary asphaltene aggregation. The primary aggregation was studied in a solution of asphaltenes in toluene and was initiated by the addition of heptane. Secondary aggregation of asphaltenes was initiated by ultrasonic dispersion of a mixture of toluene/heptane/asphaltene, in which primary aggregation finished and which contained asphaltene floccules. The effect of stabilization of asphaltene aggregates was experimentally detected after multiple ultrasonic dispersions.
Production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofibers by the Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni-Containing Catalysts
Authors: Popov M V , Kurmashov P B , Bannov A G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to technology for producing pure hydrogen by catalytic decomposition of light hydrocarbons. A set of nickel-containing catalysts was prepared using the corresponding salts. The content of active metal (Ni) varied from 10 to 90 wt %. The activity of the catalyst in the process of methane decomposition was studied. It has been found that the most promising method for the synthesis of catalysts is the melting of salts of metal. The maximum yield of hydrogen was 416 L/gcat at a Ni content of 90 wt % at a temperature of 675 °C and a pressure of 5 atm.
Mathematical modeling of the stress state in the coating during the electromechanical treatment
Authors: Ivannikov A Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The principal aim of this study is to determine the stress state in the thermal sprayed coating during the electromechanical treatment. The solution is performed using the finite difference method. Lode-Nadai coefficient and Bagmutov parameter are used to describe the stress state in the cross-section of the half-space with coating.
Electrochemical processing of heavy tungsten alloy wastes for obtaining a microdispersed iron-nickel base powder by using alternating current
Authors: Kuznetsova O G , Levin A M , Sevostyanov M A , Tsybin O I , Bolshikh A O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical processing of heavy tungsten alloy wastes (wt.%: W 78,8, Ni 15,2, Fe 6,0) under the cyclic using of direct and alternating current in ammonia-alkaline solutions has been investigated. High dissolution rate of alloy wastes, as well as degree of tungsten extraction, has been provided. The electrochemical process has been accompanied by production of microdispersed iron-nickel powder, that contains up to 2 wt.% tungsten.