bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Aksi Spiritual Tanggap Covid-19 Selama PPKM di Pondok Pesantren Al-Jihad Surabaya
Authors: Ghufron Muhammad , Rahman Ahmad Rizkiansah , Achmat Mochammad Asep Robbi , Sari Novita Mulya 
Published: September 2021

Since the Covid-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 in China, the entire life order of the world's people has changed drastically. Along with the increasing number of patients exposed to Covid-19 and the number of patients who died and the enactment of the Policy for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions on the island of Java-Bali in accordance with the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 01-04 of 2021, it turned out to be increasing anxiety and health problems. mentality for society. Based on these conditions, it is very necessary to have various aspects of treatment ranging from prevention, recovery, and also overcoming the emergence of anxiety disorders. The importance of Islamic boarding schools as Islamic educational institutions in these conditions will be a fortress of faith and immunity in the face of Covid-19. The spiritual action analyzed was the practice of remembrance of the Covid-19 rejection certificate from KH. The practice of this remembrance indirectly has a considerable influence on the physical condition of the congregation who follows the practice of remembrance. The panic experienced by the public regarding the increasing mortality rate during the PPKM period can be quelled by the peace of mind that results from the practice of this remembrance. Therefore, the mental and physical health of the community will be maintained without ignoring the health protocols determined by the government.Keywords: Spiritual action; PPKM; Physical and Mental Health. AbstrakSejak pandemi Covid-19 muncul pada akhir tahun 2019 di China, seluruh tatanan kehidupan masyarakat dunia berubah drastis. Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah pasien terpapar Covid-19 dan jumlah pasien yang meninggal serta diberlakukannya Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Aktivitas Masyarakat di Pulau Jawa-Bali sesuai Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri. Nomor 01-04 Tahun 2021 ternyata meningkatkan kecemasan dan masalah kesehatan serta mental bagi masyarakat. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka sangat diperlukan berbagai aspek penanganan mulai dari pencegahan, penyembuhan, pemulihan, dan juga mengatasi munculnya gangguan kecemasan. Pentingnya Pondok Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam dalam kondisi seperti ini akan menjadi benteng iman dan imun dalam menghadapi Covid-19. Tindakan spiritual yang dianalisis adalah amalan zikir surat keterangan penolakan Covid-19 dari KH. Amalan zikir ini secara tidak langsung memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap kondisi fisik jemaah yang mengikuti amalan zikir. Kepanikan yang dialami masyarakat terkait meningkatnya angka kematian selama periode PPKM dapat diredam dengan ketenangan jiwa yang dihasilkan dari pengamalan zikir ini. Dengan demikian, kesehatan mental dan fisik santri maupun masyarakat akan tetap terjaga tanpa mengabaikan protokol kesehatan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Aksi Spiritual; PPKM; Kesehatan Fisik dan Mental.
Decreasing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Failure in Preterm Infants
Authors: Kakkilaya Venkatakrishna B. , Weydig Heather M. , Smithhart William E. , Renfro Shelly D. , Garcia Kristi M. , Brown Cari M. , He Henry , Wagner Sheron A. , Metoyer Glenn C. , Brown L. Steven , Kapadia Vishal S. , Savani Rashmin C. , Jaleel Mambarambath A. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Many preterm infants stabilized on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at birth require mechanical ventilation (MV) during the first 72 hours of life, which is defined as CPAP failure. Our objective was to decrease CPAP failure in infants ≤29 weeks’ gestational age (GA).

METHODS
A quality improvement bundle named OPTISURF was implemented for infants ≤29 weeks’ GA admitted on CPAP, consisting of stepwise escalation of CPAP and less invasive surfactant administration guided by fractional inspired oxygen concentration ≥0.3. The CPAP failure rate was tracked by using control charts. We compared practice and outcomes of a pre–OPTISURF cohort (January 2017 to September 2018) to a post-OPTISURF cohort (October 2018 to December 2019).

RESULTS
Of the 216 infants ≤29 weeks’ GA admitted to NICU on CPAP, 125 infants belonged to the pre-OPTISURF cohort (OSC) and 91 to the post-OSC. Compared with the pre-OSC, a higher proportion of infants in the post-OSC received CPAP 7 cm H2O within 4 hours of life (7% vs 32%; P &lt; .01). The post-OSC also had lower rates of CPAP failure (54% vs 11%; P &lt; .01), pneumothoraces (8% vs 1%; P &lt; .03), need for MV (58% vs 31%; P &lt; .01), and patent ductus arteriosus treatment (21% vs 9%; P = .02). Additionally, in a subgroup analysis, CPAP failure was lower in the post-OSC among infants 23 to 26 weeks (79% vs 27%; P &lt; .01) and 27 to 29 weeks’ GA (46% vs 3%; P &lt; .01).

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a quality improvement bundle including CPAP optimization and less invasive surfactant administration decreased CPAP failure and need for MV in preterm infants.
Musicologia sem fronteiras: O intangível e o material na musica
Authors: De Oliveira Pinto Tiago 
Published: September 2021

El 14o Encuentro del Comité Intergubernamental de la UNESCO para la salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Intangible, se celebró en Bogotá entre el 9 y 13 de diciembre del 2019 con la asistencia de mas de 1400 participantes de 134 países del mundo, reunión que dio un especial protagonismo a las tradiciones asociada con el Carnaval de Barranquilla (Colombia). Este trabajo considera desde una perspectiva musicológica los aspectos principales del concepto de Patrimonio Cultural Intangible promulgado por la UNESCO en 2003 donde la música no figura en forma específica en ninguno de sus cinco ejes temáticos.
Julián Montaña (ed.), Edición crítica de la Sonata para violín y piano en re mayor de Luis Carlos Figueroa y Edición crítica de la Sonata para violín y piano de Mario Gómez-Vignes
Authors: Sans Juan Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Dentro de la música de cámara, el dúo de violín y piano es uno de los más socorridos. Existe un amplio y difundido repertorio escrito por los compositores más representativos de la tradición de la música académica para este conjunto (Corelli, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, Franck, Prokofiev, etc.).
Strain states and relaxation for $$\alpha$$-(Al$$_x$$Ga$$_{1-x}$$)$$_2$$O$$_3$$ thin films on prismatic planes of $$\alpha$$-Al$$_2$$O$$_3$$ in the full composition range: Fundamental difference of a- and m-epitaxial planes in the manifestation of shear strain and lattice tilt
Authors: Kneiß Max , Splith Daniel , von Wenckstern Holger , Lorenz Michael , Schultz Thorsten , Koch Norbert , Grundmann Marius 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pseudomorphic and relaxed $$\alpha$$
α
-(Al$$_x$$

x

Ga$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

)$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

thin films are grown by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition in the entire composition range on prismatic a- and m-plane $$\alpha$$
α
-Al$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

substrates. Pseudomorphic growth on m-plane sapphire has been achieved for $$x \ge 0.45$$

x
≥
0.45

. A distinct difference between the a- and m-epitaxial plane is observed in reciprocal space map measurements being in agreement with continuum elasticity theory for rhombohedral heterostructures. While pseudomorphic layers on m-plane sapphire show a pronounced shear strain $$e'_5$$

e
5
′

along the c-axis direction, relaxed layers exhibit a global lattice tilt in the same direction. Both effects are not present on the a-epitaxial plane. Out-of-plane lattice constants as well as $$e'_5$$

e
5
′

are modeled as function of x employing elasticity theory, confirming theoretical values of the elastic stiffness tensor for $$\alpha$$
α
-Ga$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

, especially the non-zero value of the $$C_{14}$$

C
14

component. Possible pyramidal slip systems for strain relaxation in c-axis direction are examined to explain and numerically model the difference in lattice tilt for the two substrate orientations.

Graphic abstract
Correspondencia conceptual entre las cualidades retóricas de las expresiones tipográficas presentes en los rótulos publicitarios de una determinada zona urbana y los componentes culturales esenciales de dicho entorno, capturados a través de la etnografía
Authors: Osses Flores Roberto , Véliz Fadic Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio, que busca examinar la correspondencia conceptual entre las cualidades retóricas de las expresiones tipográficas presentes en los rótulos publicitarios de una determinada zona urbana y los componentes culturales esenciales de dicho entorno, capturados a través de la etnografía visual. El caso de estudio está dado en el barrio Meiggs, situado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile.
A través de la etnografía visual capturamos mediante fotografías el acontecer sociocultural del barrio. Esto dio paso a una catalogación de las capturas con base en parámetros de identificación y descripción, lo que nos permitió agruparlas con base en coincidencias descriptivas. Se formaron 10 grupos y seleccionamos una foto de cada uno para el estudio. Para el análisis de las imágenes creamos una plantilla de interpretación connotativa, lo que nos permitió llegar a una síntesis conceptual a partir de descriptores temáticos referenciales y temáticos no referenciales. Acompañamos a cada fotografía de una noticia referente al barrio y relacionada con su contenido específico. Posteriormente, sintetizamos también la noticia en conceptos mediante un software de análisis de discurso (part-of-speech.info) y a partir de eso logramos establecer un concepto esencial de la fotografía y su contenido. Luego, sometimos también a la expresión tipográfica presente en los rótulos al proceso de interpretación connotativa y análisis retórico, logrando encontrar así, en la totalidad de los casos analizados, una correspondencia conceptual entre las imágenes etnográficas y las expresiones tipográficas.
Entendiendo que es desde y en el espacio público donde se articula el paisaje urbano y que ahí se evidencian las conductas, acciones, interacciones, movilidades y manifestaciones simbólicas materiales e inmateriales de las personas que habitan dicho espacio, las expresiones tipográficas, en este caso las presentes en los rótulos publicitarios del entorno, emergen en dicho contexto como representaciones materiales de este acontecer sociocultural, en este caso del barrio Meiggs.
IMPACT OF FAILURE OF A CENTRAL SECURITIES DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT ON FINALITY AND IRREVOCABILITY OF SETTLEMENT OF SECURITIES
Authors: Vivienne A Lawack-Davids  , Lindi Coetzee  
Published: September 2021

In view of the current global meltdown and the recession in South Africa, the question arises whether the legal framework pertaining to finality of settlement of securities is sufficiently robust to cope with failure of a central securities participant. This article examines this question and highlights some of the problems that exist with regard to uncompleted contracts in the Strate (Share Transactions Totally Electronic) environment. The authors conclude with certain recommendations to overcome the identified problems.
Near-field source parameters by finite-source theoretical seismograms
Authors: Israel Moshe , Vered Moshe 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Near-field seismograms due to finite faulting in a half-space were calculated. An attempt is made to evaluate near-field fault parameters by using two criteria: (1) agreement of observed and theoretical pulse width; and (2) agreement of observed and calculated amplitude ratios of the horizontal components of motion. Using this method we have investigated possible fault parameters of an earthquake along the San Andreas fault (source depth 12.5 km), recorded at two stations (epicentral distance 2.3, 5.5 km).
It is found that computed seismograms are strongly dependent on the point in which a unilateral fracture begins. Assuming different initial failure points within the uncertainty region of the hypocentral location may effect fault parameter solutions. Thus, fault parameters obtained in this study should not be viewed as unique. However, we have shown, that for an assumed point and dynamics model, it is possible to determine rupture direction and source parameters.
The seismic moment found in this study is weakly dependent on the dynamics model assumed.
Split free oscillation amplitudes for the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes
Authors: Geller Robert J. , Stein Seth 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Splitting of the Earth's normal modes was observed for both the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes. The strong peaks in the observed spectrum of each split multiplet correspond to singlets with much higher amplitudes than the others. Using theoretical results we have derived elsewhere (Stein and Geller, 1977a), we are able to predict this pattern. We show that the source mechanisms inferred for these earthquakes from surface waves are consistent with the observed pattern of relative spectral amplitudes of the split modes. However other mechanisms, such as a slow isotropic volume change, are also consistent with the split-mode amplitudes and are excluded only by additional data.
Attenuation of Rayleigh-wave amplitudes across Eurasia
Authors: Yacoub Nazieh K. , Mitchell Brian J. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Surface waves generated by six earthquakes and two nuclear explosions are used to study the attenuation coefficients of the fundamental Rayleigh mode across Eurasia. Rayleigh-wave amplitude data yield average attenuation coefficients at periods between 4 and 50 sec. The data exhibit relatively large standard deviations and in some cases the average attenuation coefficients take on negative values which may be due to regional variations of the attenuative properties of the crust, lateral refraction, multipathing and scattering.
A method has been developed to investigate the regional variation in the attenuative properties of the Eurasian crust and its effect on surface-wave amplitude data, employing the evaluated average attenuation coefficients for the fundamental Rayleigh mode. For this investigation, Eurasia is divided into two regions, one considered to be relatively stable, and the other considered to be tectonic in nature. This regionalization shows that the tectonic regions exhibit higher attenuation than the stable regions in the period range below about 20 sec, whereas in the period range above about 20 sec, no clear difference can be observed for the two regions. Although the effects of lateral refraction and multipathing may still significantly affect the observations, the regionalization lowers the standard deviations considerably and eliminates the negative values which were obtained in the unregionalized determinations.
The correlation of peak ground acceleration amplitude with seismic intensity and other physical parameters
Authors: Murphy J. R. , O'Brien L. J. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
An analysis of acceleration/intensity correlations has been carried out using a new, worldwide data sample compiled for this study from data measured from nearly 1500 strong-motion accelerograms. This new data sample has been extensively analyzed using a variety of statistical models. It has been found that the correlation equation relating peak horizontal ground acceleration (aH) to Modified Mercalli intensity (IMM) which best describes the trends in the subset of this new sample consisting of the nearly 900 observations for which aH ≧ 10 cm/sec2 is
log a H = 0.25 I M M + 0.25
for aH given in cm/sec2. Analyses of the dependence of this correlation on other variables such as local earthquake magnitude (M), epicentral distance (R) and the geographical region in which the earthquakes are occuring suggest that over the range of these variables encompassed by the available data, the correlation equation which best fits the data is
log a H = 0.14 I M M + 0.24 M − 0.68 log R + β k
where R is given in kilometers and
β Western United States = 0.60 β Japan = 0.69 β Southern Europe = 0.88.
Thus, the Southern European data indicate peak horizontal accelerations at fixed values of intensity, magnitude and epicentral distance which are about a factor of two higher than the corresponding values for the Western United States and Japan. Sufficient data are not yet available to determine whether this difference is due to a consistent measurement bias associated with the assignment of intensities in Southern Europe or to variations in the regional tectonic environment in which the earthquakes are occurring.
Calculation of the surface motion of a layered half-space by the method of Laplace transform
Authors: Simpson I. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new method is presented for calculating the surface response of a horizontally stratified system of N homogeneous, isotropic, linearly anelastic layers with radiation damping, when subjected to a normally incident plane wave of arbitrary profile.
The method used is that of Laplace transform and contour integration. In the case N = 1, the radiation damping coefficient is found to be − [tanh−1I1]/s1 for an elastic layer (where I1 is the impedance ratio between the layer and underlying bedrock and s1 is the time thickness of the layer). A solution, valid for low input frequencies, is also found for the damping coefficients and damped natural frequencies when viscous damping is present in the layer. For N &gt; 1, the damping coefficients and damped natural frequencies are calculated numerically from an N-term recurrence relation.
The method may have computational advantages over some existing methods of solution.
Determination of the subducting lithosphere boundary by use of converted phases
Authors: Snoke J. Arthur , Sacks I. Selwyn , Okada Hiromu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ScSp arrivals, resulting from ScS-to-P conversions at upper boundaries of downgoing plates in subduction regions, have been identified on Japanese and South American seismograms. Analysis of the ScSp arrivals provides information about the sharpness and the location of these boundaries. It is inferred from ScSp arrivals that the boundaries are characterized by velocity contrasts of at least 5 per cent over transition zones of at most a few kilometers. In general, locations of the boundaries inferred from ScSp observations agree with locations inferred from seismicity except beneath central Peru. In central Peru the seismicity at depth is diffuse. It has been proposed on the basis of that seismicity that the downgoing plate dips at a gentle 10°; the ScSp observations, however, suggest that the Nazca plate has a dip of ∼30°.
Temporal stability of P-velocity anisotropy before earthquakes in central California
Authors: Steppe J. Alan , Bakun William H. , Bufe Charles G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An examination of P-wave travel-time residuals from small earthquakes (source events) located near three larger earthquakes (4 ≦ M ≦ 5) that occurred on the San Andreas fault, near Bear Valley in central California, shows no temporal variations in the residuals extending over broad azimuth ranges (Δφ &gt; ∼40°). Such variations could have resulted from changes in horizontal velocity anisotropy precursory to the larger events. The examination also shows (1) numerous azimuthal variations in the residuals within narrow azimuth bands (Δφ &lt; ∼30°), apparently due to spatial heterogeneity of crustal velocity, (2) a dependence of residual on magnitude for a few stations but not for most stations, and (3) trends of residual versus source event focal depth for about one-third of the 75 source region-station pairs examined. Residuals in these cases typically change by 0.1 sec, and occasionally by 0.2 to 0.3 sec, over the 2- to 12-km focal depth range sampled. The trends vary from station to station in a complex manner. The assumption that traveltime changes are reflected in the residuals is tested by modifying arrival times from some source events according to assumed forms for the travel-time change, relocating those events, and comparing the resulting residuals with those from the unmodified data.
Time variance of seismic velocity from multiple explosive sources southeast of Hollister, California
Authors: Peake L. G. , Healy J. H. , Roller J. C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
As part of an intensive effort to monitor the section of the San Andreas fault south of Hollister, California, for any seismic velocity time variance associated with earthquakes, 17 explosive charges were fired between August 1974 and May 1975, at a point 35 km east of the fault zone and recorded by a special network of 51 seismometers within and west of the San Andreas fault zone. The shot point was selected to minimize differences in rock properties for successive shot locations, and all the data were recorded on a single tape recorder dedicated to the experiment. By cross-correlating the records from successive shots, it was possible to determine differential travel times to an accuracy of 4 msec or better using a 250-kg explosive charge recorded in the distance range between 30 to 50 km. No definitive changes in seismic velocity were detected during the time covered by this experiment. The spatial distribution of stations and the temporal distribution of shots were designed to reveal anomalies that might be associated with a magnitude 4 or greater earthquake. Nine small earthquakes (M = 2.9 to 3.3) did occur during the experiment, but anomalies associated with these earthquakes could have escaped detection. This work demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring large regions with a high density of instruments to detect systematic changes in arrival times from artifical sources with an accuracy approaching 1 msec and a cost commensurate with the task of earthquake prediction.
A physical model for surface wave azimuthal anisotropy
Authors: Schlue J. W. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Surface wave phase velocities as functions of azimuth at a period of 100 sec are presented for a representative oceanic structure in which azimuthal anisotropy is caused by flat, elliptical, horizontal, liquid-filled cracks. On such a model, cracks which cause a 0.6 per cent azimuthal variation in Rayleigh-wave phase velocities produce only a 0.02 per cent azimuthal variation in Love-wave phase velocities.
Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations
Authors: Clayton Robert , Engquist Björn 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Boundary conditions are derived for numerical wave simulation that minimize artificial reflections from the edges of the domain of computation. In this way acoustic and elastic wave propagation in a limited area can be efficiently used to describe physical behavior in an unbounded domain. The boundary conditions are based on paraxial approximations of the scalar and elastic wave equations. They are computationally inexpensive and simple to apply, and they reduce reflections over a wide range of incident angles.