bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Grammar Learning in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Gillis Jasmine Urquhart , Gul Asiya , Fox Annie , Parikh Aditi , Arbel Yael 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate implicit learning in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) by employing a visual artificial grammar learning task.

Method:
Thirteen children with DLD and 24 children with typical language development between the ages of 8 and 12 years completed a visual artificial grammar learning task. During the training phase of the task, participants were presented with strings of shapes that followed the underlying structure of a finite grammar. During the testing phase, participants were asked to judge whether new strings were grammatical or nongrammatical. Grammatical judgment of new strings served to measure generalization of the underlying grammatical structure. Endorsement based on chunk strength, or similarity to training exemplars, served to evaluate the extent to which children relied on surface features to guide their task performance.

Results:
As a group, children with typical development performed better on the artificial grammar learning task, compared with children with DLD, and accepted more grammatical strings regardless of their similarity to training exemplars. Task performance in both groups was not affected by surface features. Performance of children with DLD whose test accuracy exceeded the learning threshold of 0.5 was consistent with a generalization of the underlying grammatical structure that was unaffected by surface features.

Conclusions:
The study found group differences in learning outcomes between children with and without DLD. Consistent with previous reports, children with typical development correctly endorsed more grammatical strings than children with DLD, suggesting a better acquisition of the grammatical structure. However, there was no evidence to suggest that children in the DLD group (learners and nonlearners) relied on surface features (i.e., familiarity to training exemplars) in their grammatical judgment. These results refute our hypothesis that children in the DLD group would show judgment based on familiarity.
Molecular pyrolysis process and gas production characteristics of 3‐element mixed insulation oil under thermal fault
Authors: Feng Dawei , Chen Ge , Yan Xiaoyu , Hao Jian , Liao Ruijin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMixed insulation oil is considered as a desired substitute for traditional mineral oil. A novel 3‐element mixed insulation oil has been developed in our previous works, whose parameters satisfy the mineral oil standard (IEC 60296:2012). In the application of transformer oil, dissolved gas analysis is an effective method for insulation fault diagnosis. Thermal fault is a common and typical fault in transformers; however, the pyrolysis process and gas production characteristics of mixed insulation oil under thermal fault remain unknown. In this study, the pyrolysis process and gas production characteristics of 3‐element mixed insulation oil have been studied through simulation and experiments, and mineral oil is equally treated for comparison. Results show that the gas production characteristics of mixed oil are closely related to its base oils, and 3‐element mixed insulation oil generates more H2 and C2H6 under thermal fault, in which the percentage of H2 in the mixed oil is always three times that in the mineral oil. More CO2 is produced in mixed oil under thermal fault because of ester bonds; C2H4 is also a main characteristic gas for mixed insulation oil under thermal fault, and its proportion increases continuously with the increase of temperature. For mineral oil, the weight loss temperature in thermo‐gravimetric (TG) curve corresponds to evaporation rather than decomposition. Natural esters have poor thermal stability according to simulation results, but they possess high flash point and weight loss temperature in the TG curve primarily because of their large average molecular weight.
Kepler-93: A testbed for detailed seismic modelling and orbital evolution of super-Earths around solar-like stars
Authors: Bétrisey J. , Pezzotti C. , Buldgen G. , Khan S. , Eggenberger P. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Miglio A. 
Published: December 2021

Context. The advent of space-based photometry missions such as CoRoT, Kepler and TESS has sparkled the rapid development of asteroseismology and its synergies with exoplanetology. In the near future, the advent of PLATO will further strengthen such multi-disciplinary studies. In that respect, testing asteroseismic modelling strategies and their importance for our understanding of planetary systems is crucial.
Aims. We carried out a detailed modelling of Kepler-93, an exoplanet host star observed by the Kepler satellite for which high-quality seismic data are available. This star is particularly interesting because it is a solar-like star very similar to the PLATO benchmark target (G spectral type, ∼6000 K, ∼1 M⊙ and ∼1 R⊙) and provides a real-life testbed for potential procedures to be used in the PLATO mission.
Methods. We used global and local minimisation techniques to carry out the seismic modelling of Kepler-93, for which we varied the physical ingredients of the given theoretical stellar models. We supplemented this step by seismic inversion techniques of the mean density. We then used these revised stellar parameters to provide new planetary parameters and to simulate the orbital evolution of the system under the effects of tides and atmospheric evaporation.
Results. We provide the following fundamental parameters for Kepler-93: ρ̄⋆ = 1.654 ± 0.004 g cm−3, M⋆ = 0.907 ± 0.023 M⊙, R⋆ = 0.918 ± 0.008 R⊙, and Age = 6.78 ± 0.32 Gyr. The uncertainties we report for this benchmark star are well within the requirements of the PLATO mission and give confidence in the ability of providing precise and accurate stellar parameters for solar-like exoplanet-host stars. For the exoplanet Kepler-93b, we find Mp = 4.01 ± 0.67 M⊕, Rp = 1.478 ± 0.014 R⊕, and a semi-major axis a = 0.0533 ± 0.0005 AU. According to our simulations of the orbital evolution of the system, it seems unlikely that Kepler-93b formed with a mass high enough (Mp, initial > 100 M⊕) to be impacted on its orbit by stellar tides.
Conclusions. For the benchmark case of a solar twin of the PLATO mission, detailed asteroseismic modelling procedures will be able to provide fundamental stellar parameters within the requirements of the PLATO mission. We also illustrate the synergies that can be achieved regarding the orbital evolution and atmospheric evaporation of exoplanets when these parameters are obtained. We also note the importance of the high-quality radial velocity follow-up, which here is a limiting factor, for providing precise planetary masses and mean densities to constrain the formation scenarii of exoplanets.
Helicity shedding by flux rope ejection
Authors: Kliem B. , Seehafer N. 
Published: December 2021

Context.We quantitatively address the conjecture that magnetic helicity must be shed from the Sun by eruptions launching coronal mass ejections in order to limit its accumulation in each hemisphere.Aims.By varying the ratio of guide and strapping field and the flux rope twist in a parametric simulation study of flux rope ejection from approximately marginally stable force-free equilibria, different ratios of self- and mutual helicity are set and the onset of the torus or helical kink instability is obtained.Methods.The helicity shed is found to vary over a broad range from a minor to a major part of the initial helicity, with self helicity being largely or completely shed and mutual helicity, which makes up the larger part of the initial helicity, being shed only partly. Torus-unstable configurations with subcritical twist and without a guide field shed up to about two-thirds of the initial helicity, while a highly twisted, kink-unstable configuration sheds only about one-quarter. The parametric study also yields stable force-free flux rope equilibria up to a total flux-normalized helicity of 0.25, with a ratio of self- to total helicity of 0.32 and a ratio of flux rope to external poloidal flux of 0.94.Results.These results numerically demonstrate the conjecture of helicity shedding by coronal mass ejections and provide a first account of its parametric dependence. Both self- and mutual helicity are shed significantly; this reduces the total initial helicity by a fraction of ∼0.4 − 0.65 for typical source region parameters.
Sexualität im Alter
Authors: Schröck Friederike , Kühn Kai-Uwe , Sträter Birgitta 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Sexualität spielt auch im höheren Lebensalter eine wichtige Rolle und ist mit der Lebensqualität verknüpft, doch wird dieser Zusammenhang weiterhin tabuisiert.
Methoden Selektive Literaturübersicht ergänzt durch eigene klinische Erfahrungen zu Bedeutung, Einflussfaktoren und Stigmatisierung von Sexualität im Alter.
Ergebnisse Körperliche und psychische Erkrankungen sowie Medikation haben Einfluss auf die Sexualität. Während die sexuelle Aktivität im hohen Lebensalter abnimmt, bleibt die sexuelle Zufriedenheit weiterhin bestehen. Doch haben sich aus objektiven, altersbedingt zunehmenden Einschränkungen Stigmata entwickelt, die das Bild von sexueller Gesundheit im Alter prägen. Neben der öffentlichen Stigmatisierung spielt auch die institutionelle Stigmatisierung eine wichtige Rolle; so fehlt meist ein offenes Ansprechen des sexuellen Erlebens im Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt.
Fazit Die medizinischen Bedingungen für eine erfüllte Alterssexualität sind besser denn je. Medizinisches Personal sollte nicht nur mögliche Erkrankungen sowie Polypharmazie als Risikofaktoren für Beeinträchtigung im Blick haben, sondern auch die sexuelle Gesundheit ihrer Patienten in jedem Lebensalter unterstützen.
Analgesie und Notfallnarkose bei Kindern
Authors: Landsleitner Bernd , Eich Christoph Bernhard 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder erhalten in der Notfallsituation häufig keine effektive Schmerztherapie! Schmerzerfassung, Applikation und Medikamentendosierung sind uns eben nicht so vertraut wie bei Erwachsenen. Da jedoch Traumata mindestens ein Drittel aller Kindernotfälle ausmachen, wird eine Analgesie oft benötigt. Die prähospitale Notfallnarkose ist hingegen sehr selten und nur im „worst Case“ erforderlich. Wer hier effektiv und sicher handeln will, muss versiert und erfahren sein, die Risiken kennen und einen Plan B im Hinterkopf haben!
Association of HPV and EBV in Oral Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia
Authors: Tamboon Eakapong , Sihavong Phetmany , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Bumalee Dusit , Arayapisit Tawepong , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Oral verrucous squamous cell carcinoma or oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a rare verrucous variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for 2 to 12% of all oral carcinomas. Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is clinically similar to OVC and has been proposed to be a precursor lesion of OVC. Etiopathogenesis of both lesions is still inconspicuous. Oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been reported to be associated with some cases of OSCC, and we hypothesized that it may act as a causative agent of these verrucous lesions. This study aimed to investigate frequency of HPV and EBV infections in OVC and OVH.
Material and Methods Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a total of 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 27 OVC samples and 8 OVH samples, were investigated for HPV and EBV infection. HeLa and B95-8 cell lines were used as positive controls of HPV and EBV PCR, respectively.
Results All OVC and OVH samples show a positivity to GAPDH, whereas neither HPV nor EBV PCR products was detected in both OVC and OVH samples.
Conclusions In summary, our study demonstrated that HPV and EBV are not involved in pathogenesis of OVC and OVH. Other etiologic factors contributing to OVC and OVH need to be further clarified.
Seeding next to previous year’s crop row (near-row sowing) can increase grain yields on water repellent soils
Authors: Roper M. M. , Ward P. R. , Betti G. , Davies S. L. , Wilhelm N. , Kerr R. , Micin S. F. , Blacker T. 
Published: December 2021

Context The combination of no-till and stubble retention has been shown to preserve old crop roots, which behave as pathways for water infiltration into water repellent soil, by-passing repellent surface soil layers. Aim To evaluate the benefits to soil properties and crop performance of seeding close to the previous season’s crop rows (near-row sowing) compared with inter-row sowing on water repellent soils. Methods At four field sites, near Moora, Pingrup and Calingiri in Western Australia and Wanilla in South Australia, measurements were made of: (1) crop performance of near- and inter-row sown crops (Moora and Wanilla); and (2) differences in soil properties between the crop row and inter-row at Wanilla, Calingiri and Pingrup. Key results Biomass accumulation (Moora) and grain yields (Moora and Wanilla) were significantly improved by near-row sowing compared with inter-row sowing, particularly under no-till and stubble retention, but these differences were reduced after cultivation, which either buried repellent surface soils or disrupted root pathways. At Calingiri and Pingrup, where near-row sowing had been practised for ≥4 years, and at Wanilla, soil water contents were higher in the crop row than the inter-row by up to 4% v/v, and this was associated with significantly reduced repellency (Calingiri and Pingrup) and larger communities of wax-degrading bacteria (Pingrup). Conclusions Near-row sowing may enhance crop production directly through improved water infiltration down root pathways, and indirectly by reduced soil water repellency in the row. Implications Near-row sowing is potentially a low-cost management for enhanced crop production on water repellent soils.
aPC/PAR1 confers endothelial anti-apoptotic activity via a discrete, β-arrestin-2–mediated SphK1-S1PR1-Akt signaling axis
Authors: Molinar-Inglis Olivia , Birch Cierra A. , Nicholas Dequina , Orduña-Castillo Lennis , Cisneros-Aguirre Metztli , Patwardhan Anand , Chen Buxin , Grimsey Neil J. , Coronel Luisa J. , Lin Huilan , Gomez Menzies Patrick K. , Lawson Mark A. , Patel Hemal. H. , Trejo JoAnn 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Activated protein C (aPC) is a promising therapeutic and exhibits multiple pharmacological benefits in preclinical studies, including in sepsis. aPC activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and signals via β-arrestin-2 to promote endothelial barrier stabilization and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The present study demonstrates that different aPC/PAR1 cytoprotective responses are uniquely regulated by discrete β-arrestin-2–mediated signaling pathways that are modulated by coreceptors. Thus, β-arrestin-2 functions as a central driver of distinct, aPC/PAR1-induced cytoprotective signaling pathways to control barrier protection and anti-apoptotic activities.
Class-specific interactions between Sis1 J-domain protein and Hsp70 chaperone potentiate disaggregation of misfolded proteins
Authors: Wyszkowski Hubert , Janta Anna , Sztangierska Wiktoria , Obuchowski Igor , Chamera Tomasz , Kłosowska Agnieszka , Liberek Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

Significance
How chaperones rescue cells from toxic aggregates, associated with stress, aging, and disease, is not fully understood. Here, we focus on aggregate recognition by yeast Hsp70- and Hsp104-disaggregating proteins. We show that two conserved classes of J-domain proteins (JDPs/Hsp40s), which regulate Hsp70, use disparate mechanisms to recruit chaperones to aggregates. Bipartite interaction with Hsp70 enables Sis1, a Class B JDP, to tether more Hsp70 molecules to the aggregate, which improves disaggregation with Hsp104. Ydj1 of the Class A, in turn, drives effective reactivation of misfolding-prone substrates. Our results demonstrate that the two classes of JDPs, albeit overlapping in function, differently contribute to the individual stages of disaggregation. This demonstrates how the diversification of cochaperones improves protein quality control.
Mutations in artificial self-replicating tiles: A step toward Darwinian evolution
Authors: Zhou Feng , Sha Ruojie , Ni Heng , Seeman Nadrian , Chaikin Paul 
Published: December 2021

Significance
In nature, mutation is the first step of evolution, where it provides the genetic variation for the natural selection to act. Here we take a system of artificial self-replicating tiles, DNA origami, that exhibit templated reproduction. We can generate a small fraction of mutations by introducing a mismatch in hybridization between parent and daughter. We can modify the origami functionality to affect the growth rate of the mutated species, giving it less or more evolutionary advantage, and to become dominant in several generations. The introduction of mutations into an artificial self-replicating system provides new directions for research into self-assembly processes.
Selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA genome is guided by the stability of 5′ untranslated region polyA stem
Authors: Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Liu Shuohui , Kitzrow Jonathan P. , Liu Yang , Rawson Jonathan M. O. , Shakya Saurabh , Cheng Zetao , Pathak Vinay K. , Hu Wei-Shau , Musier-Forsyth Karin 
Published: December 2021

Significance
HIV-1 must select and package its RNA genome from an abundant pool of cellular RNAs. To understand this essential replication step, we studied two nearly identical HIV-1 RNAs that are differentially encapsidated. HIV-1 RNA with one 5′ guanosine (1G RNA) is enriched in virions, whereas RNA with three 5′ guanosines (3G RNA) is largely excluded. We observed that 1G RNA, but not 3G RNA, mainly folds into structures that expose elements important for RNA:RNA and RNA:Gag interactions. We also identified mutants in which 1G and 3G RNAs fold into similar structures, resulting in efficient packaging of 3G RNA. Thus, HIV-1 selects its viral genome based on its capacity to adopt structures that facilitate RNA dimerization and Gag binding.
Commercial success from a community partnership with the private sector, at Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge in the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Park World Heritage Site, South Africa
Authors: Anna Spenceley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge (WML) is an 88-bed lodge in the South African section of the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Park World Heritage Site. WML is a community owned lodge, privately operated by Transfrontier Parks Destinations (TFPD). By providing business acumen, market linkages, and securing investment finance TFPD has transformed a dilapidated community owned lodge into a thriving enterprise. It generates meaningful financial returns for the community owners, and also secure full-time employment for local people. Furthermore, the lodge has been independently certified as a sustainable tourism business by Fair Trade Tourism.

Information
Snyman, S. and Spenceley, A. (2019) Private Sector Tourism in Conservation Areas in Africa, CABI, Chapter 4.3.1, Case study 23: Witsieshoek Mountain Lodge, South Africa, pp 109-111
© CAB International 2021
Comment on ‘Study of lump solutions to an extended Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation involving three fourth-order terms’ (2020 Phys. Scr.

95 095207)
Authors: Gao Xin-Yi , Guo Yong-Jiang , Shan Wen-Rui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Of current interest, in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics and plasma physics, the paper commented (i.e., Phys. Scr. 95, 095207, 2020) has investigated a (2+1)-dimensional extended Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff system. Hereby, we make the issue raised in that paper more complete. Using the Hirota method and symbolic computation, we construct three sets of the bilinear auto-Bäcklund transformations for that system, along with some analytic solutions. As for the amplitude of the relevant wave in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics or plasma physics, our results depend on the coefficients in that system.
Searching for Galactic H ii Regions from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Database
Authors: Yang Yujie , Jiang Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we pioneer a new machine-learning method to search for H ii regions in spectra from The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). H ii regions are emission nebulae created when young and massive stars ionize nearby gas clouds with high-energy ultraviolet radiation. Having more H ii region samples will help us understand the formation and evolution of stars. Machine-learning methods are often applied to search for special celestial bodies such as H ii regions. LAMOST has conducted spectral surveys and provided a wealth of valuable spectra for the research of special and rare celestial bodies. To overcome the problem of sparse positive samples and diversification of negative samples, a novel method called the self-calibrated convolution network is introduced and implemented for spectral processing. A deep network classifier with a structure called a self-calibrated block provides a high precision rate, and the recall rate is improved by adding the strategy of positive-unlabeled bagging. Experimental results show that this method can achieve better performance than other current methods. Eighty-nine spectra are identified as Galactic H ii regions after cross-matching with the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions, confirming the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Influence of magnetron sputtering modes on the parameters of ZnO:Ga films
Authors: Geldash A A , Gusev E Yu , Dzhuplin V N , Ageev O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the effect of magnetron sputtering modes - its technological parameters (pressure, substrate temperature and DC power source) on the morphology and electrophysical parameters of nanocrystalline ZnO:Ga films, which can be used as contact layers to nanostructures of photovoltaic converters. It was found that with an increase in the substrate temperature, the grain size decreases from 80 to 30 nm and the film surface roughness, as well as the resistivity from 1.68⋅10−1 to 1.2⋅10−2 Ω⋅cm and the mobility of charge carriers with 18.12 to 5.59 cm2/(V⋅s). In this case, the concentration of charge carriers increases from 5.59⋅1018 to 3.31 ⋅ 1020 cm−3. With an increase in the power of the DC source, the grain size increases from 35 to 90 nm and the surface roughness of the ZnO:Ga films, as well as the concentration of charge carriers from 5.91⋅1018 to 3.35⋅1020 cm−3. In this case, the resistivity decreases from 1.42⋅10−2 to 1.3⋅10−2 Ω⋅cm, and the mobility of charge carriers from 6.74 to 3.22 cm2/(V⋅s). The results obtained can be used in the development of technological processes for the manufacture of highly efficient photoelectric converters.
Electrically conductive CNT networks formed by laser
Authors: Kuksin A V , Kurilova U E , Glukhova O E , Eganova E M , Dudin A A , Gerasimenko A Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Materials containing conductive CNT networks were investigated in this work. Binding of CNTs to each other was carried out using laser radiation in scanning mode. As a result of experimental studies, radiation energy density at which the effect of SWCNT binding occured was found – 0.061 J/cm2. Mechanism by which formation of porous materials with SWCNTs in composition takes place has been established. Materials from CNTs and biopolymers with controllable pore sizes that make up more than 60% of nanocomposite volume have been made.