bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living lab AI4U - artificial intelligence for personalized digital mental health promotion and prevention in youth
Authors: Rauschenberg C , Goetzl C , Schick A , Koppe G , Durstewitz D , Krumm S , Reininghaus U 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Youth are particularly affected by mental health problems, but their use of preventive interventions remains limited. The advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enable the development of digital interventions for mental health promotion and prevention. This applies to ecological momentary interventions (EMI), which offer adaptive training components in daily life.

Methods
In a preparatory phase, focus groups (N = 2, aged: 15-21 years) and a representative survey (N = 666, aged: 16-24) with young individuals as well as qualitative interviews with stakeholders in routine public mental health provision were conducted.

Results
None of the stakeholders used digital interventions in their everyday work but were interested in their use. The importance of data protection and security, usability, and participation of the target population in all stages of the research process was emphasized. The risk of a digital divide, acceptance of used terminology, and difficulties of structural embedding were mentioned as important barriers for successful implementation. Young individuals had a positive attitude toward digitization and AI and their use in mental health promotion and prevention and underlined the importance of practical benefits for users. They had a pragmatic attitude toward data use policies. Around 70% of young individuals were already using mHealth apps. Psychological distress was associated with the use of, and positive attitude towards, mHealth apps.

Discussion
Findings have contributed to the ongoing main phase. The living lab AI4U will be carried out in transdisciplinary projects involving direct participation of relevant stakeholders, users from the target population and an interdisciplinary research group. Each of these projects includes one or more real-world experiments. These will be embedded in a transdisciplinary infrastructure, which will ensure ongoing quality assurance, sustainability assessment, public relations and networking.
Effects of Russian tobacco control law on rates of hospital admissions for acute coronary events
Authors: Gambaryan MH , Kontsevaya AV , Agishina T , Drapkina OM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Russian tobacco control law (TCL), implemented nationwide, aims to reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality. However, its effects may vary among Russian regions. We aimed to assess the effects of TCL on rates of hospital admissions (HA) for angina pectoris (AP) and myocardial infarction (MI) in the Russian Federation (RF) and 10 Russian regions in relation to enforcement of the TCL.

Methods
We analysed HA rates for AP and MI to compare the periods before and after TCL in 2013, adjusting for possible confounders and long-term trends. Models were based on time-series of annual HA in the RF and 10 Russian regions during the years 2005-2019. We used interrupted time-series design and Poisson regression model with calculation of risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI. Regions were compared by means of TCL implementation scale (TCIS), developed based on the results of Russian TC policy evaluation survey in 10 Russian regions (n = 11625). We analysed the relationship between the TCL measures implementation scores and RR of reduction of HA for AP and MI after the TCL by means of Spearman's rank correlation and linear regression models.

Results
Results showed a 16.6% decrease in HA rates for AP (RR 0.83 95% CI 0.74-0.93) and 3.5% - for MI (RR 0.96 95% CI 0.96-0.97) after the TCL introduction in RF and effects of various magnitude in the regions. Regions with higher TCIS scores, i.e. better enforcement of full TCL package had greater reduction in HA rates for AP (rsp = −0.627 95%CI−1.05;−0.199; p=.004); with better enforcement of smoke-free policies - grater reduction in HA rates for MI (rsp = −0.793 95%CI−1.08;−0.506, p&lt;.001). Both HA rates for AP and MI correlated with the higher scores for help to quit tobacco use (rsp = −0.56 95%CI −1.1; −0.01, p=.045), (rsp = −0.74 95%CI−1.12;−0.36, p=.027).

Conclusions
TCL leads to a decrease of HA for AP and MI with sustained effect. Differences in the magnitude of these effects in the regions are related to the extent of enforcement of TC measures.

Key messages
Tobacco control legislative measures may lead to reduction of hospital admission rates for acute coronary events. The effect of tobacco control law on hospital admission rates for acute coronary events may vary in relation with the extent of enforcement of tobacco control measures.
A core outcome set for school-based physical activity interventions: an international consensus
Authors: Ram B , Foley K , van Sluijs E , Hargreaves D , Viner R , Saxena S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies of school-based physical activity interventions vary in the outcomes they measure. This prevents comparisons of results to establish impacts. We aimed to develop a core outcome set agreed by key stakeholders for future studies of school-based physical activity interventions.

Methods
We used a modified-Delphi consensus method. First, we conducted a systematic review to identify outcomes measured in relevant studies and listed these in a Delphi survey. Next, we recruited key stakeholders to complete 2 survey rounds: Round 1 was to rate each outcome from ‘not important' to ‘critical', and Round 2 was to re-rate the outcomes based on feedback from Round 1. Outcomes rated ‘critical' by 70% of stakeholders (i.e., reaching consensus) were highlighted. Then, using the full list of outcomes, we conducted a children's workshop to include their views. Finally, we held a stakeholder meeting to discuss results and agree consensus.

Results
We identified 50 outcomes from the systematic review. Sixty-five stakeholders (16 educators, 13 health professionals, 12 parents, 24 researchers) representing 9 countries completed both survey rounds; 13/50 outcomes reached consensus. Children (n = 16) identified 8 outcomes of importance; 3 were consistent with the survey results. Stakeholders attending the meeting (n = 13) reached consensus on 14 outcomes to be included in the core outcome set: fitness, physical activity intensity, energy, sleep, diet, happiness, stress, depression, anxiety, wellbeing, self-esteem, enjoyment, concentration, and focus. These core outcomes were reviewed and agreed by all 65 stakeholders.

Conclusions
Our core outcome set agreed by international stakeholders includes physical and mental health, and cognitive function. We recommend its use in future studies of school-based physical activity interventions. Findings from future studies can be compared and combined which will be relevant to public health policy makers and educators.

Key messages
School-based physical activity interventions should measure physical and mental health, and cognitive function. Wide use of this core outcome set will enable findings to be compared and combined.
Trend of substance abuse among medical students at University of Zagreb from 2008/2009 to 2018/2019
Authors: Majer M , Mužić R , Musil V , Štajduhar A , Jureša V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Risk behavior of youth could have adverse health outcomes in adulthood, with an impact on individual and general population health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and experimentation with illicit drugs among first year students at School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Methods
Retrospective study included first year medical students, from academic year 2008/2009 to 2018/2019. Data were collected each academic year by anonymous questionnaire, and analysed by descriptive (χ2 test, Fisher's exact test) and analytical statistics (simple linear regression model using the least squares method, t-test) with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results
Data analysis included a total of 3155 medical students (96.7%), 62.6% girls. Prevalence of daily smoking varied across generation from 11.6% in 2008/2009 to 9.6% in 2018/2019, and although a slight decline is observed, no statistically significant difference in daily smoking was found among generations of students from the academic year 2008/2009 to 2018/2019 (t-test=-0.169; P = 0.869). Prevalence of occasional smoking ranged from 12.0% in 2008/2009 to 18.1% in 2018/2019, and showed a statistically significant increase (t-test=3.064; P = 0.014), respectively. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged from 60.3% in 2008/2009 to 72.5% in 2018/2019, and showed a statistically significant increase (t-test=2.3515; P = 0.043) across generation. The prevalence of illicit drug experimentation varied from 17.9% in 2008/2009 to 34.4% in 2018/2019, and showed a statistically significant increase (t-test = 3.0798; P = 0.013) across generations.

Conclusions
Results showed increase in occasionally smoking, binge drinking and experimentation with illicit drugs among first-year medical students in the eleven-year period, and indicate the need of comprehensive public health interventions to reduce risky behavior in the student population.

Key messages
Occasionally smoking, binge drinking and experimentation with illicit drugs are increasing problem among students. Comprehensive public health interventions are needed to reduce risky behavior in the population of students and youth.
Feasibility assessment of immunization carpool model for &lt;2 years children in rural Pakistan
Authors: Ali RF , Iftikhar S , Shah MT , Ali Khan A , Siddiqi DA , Chandir S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Almost 20 million children globally do not get routine vaccines, 1.4 million of which reside in Pakistan. Immunization coverage in rural settings of Pakistan, comprising &gt;60% population, is lower than their urban counterparts. Barriers such as distant-centers, lack of transportation, and restrictions on women to travel alone, exacerbate the problem. We introduced immunization carpool services in rural settings to facilitate vaccination of &lt; 2 years children. Low-coverage immunization clinics were selected based on availability of vaccinators and vaccines in Shikarpur, a rural district in Pakistan. Local transport providers were identified and vehicles were rented-in. Community mobilization was done through awareness sessions and branding vehicles. Data was recorded on the number of round trips and immunization visits facilitated by each vehicle. Details of children transported and feedback on carpool services were captured from caregivers. Immunization coverage was calculated using the government's electronic immunization registry data. Between January to October 2020, 6 vehicles were deployed, which provided free transport services in 98 catchment areas of 4 immunization clinics. On average, each vehicle completed 420 (SD: 58.2) round trips and facilitated 781 (SD: 171) immunization visits. A total of 2,391 children were enrolled, 1,182 (49.7%) of them were females and 1,197 (50%) aged &lt;6months. Enrolled children compared to non-enrolled at the same immunization clinic, showed 19.1% higher coverage rate for penta-3 (81% vs 68%, p &lt; 0.00) and 23.6% for measles-2 (73% vs 57%, p &lt; 0.00). Immunization timeliness among enrolled children increased by 4.8% for penta-3 (9% vs 4%, p &lt; 0.00) and 18% for measles-2 (25% vs 7%, p &lt; 0.00). Reported advantages of services include time-saving (92%), cost-saving (79%), and reduced dependence on family members (95%). Immunization carpool service is well-accepted by rural women and can improve immunization coverage and equity in rural areas.

Key messages
Provision of commuting options can overcome accessibility barriers and has the potential to improve immunization coverage and timeliness. Free transport services for rural women could aid in promoting gender equity and reducing urban-rural disparities.
Othering in public health using the example of Covid-19 management in German asylum camps
Authors: Tallarek M , Spallek J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue/problem
In 2020, several German reception centers and asylum camps were imposed mass quarantine after single residents had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Civil and research networks criticized this measure, as crowded housing conditions limited the implementation of infection protection measures, and mass quarantine further increased the risk of infection. This raised the question why public health (PH) measures in these settings differed from those implemented in the general population, and which implications for future PH approaches can be identified.

Problem description
Considering the epidemiological evidence and ethical perspectives on the PH strategies described above, we applied the concepts of “Exclusionary Othering” and “Inclusionary Othering” to PH. We further discussed the Covid-19 management in German reception centers and asylum camps.

Results
We identified three conceptual approaches: 1) exclusionary, 2) inclusionary, and 3) diversity-sensitive approaches to PH. Exclusionary PH is characterized by an exclusion of less powerful groups despite negative health consequences. Inclusive approaches seek to empower less powerful groups in order to understand each other's needs, build cooperations, protect everyone and to prevent the development of “hot spots”. Diversity-sensitive PH approaches avoid othering and seek to implement measures for everyone, taking into account diverse needs, conditions, and resources.

Lessons
We propose a paradigm shift towards inclusionary and diversity-sensitive PH that benefits the entire population, including those forced to flee other countries. This requires a critical reflection of power dynamics and discrimination. The proposed concepts can be transferred to other social groups, regions, and areas of PH.

Key messages
Public health needs to shift its perspective from exclusion and subordination to inclusion and involvement. Inclusionary and diversity-sensitive PH approaches promote health equity.
The importance of behavioural insights in disease prevention and health promotion
Authors: Nagyova I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue/problem
The need for behavioural insights in disease prevention and health promotion could hardly be over-emphasised. Health behaviours constitute the foundation of good physical and mental health. It is well-know that people acquire a chronic disease because of a poor quality diet, physical inactivity, overindulgence in alcohol and tobacco use, but also because of non-adherence to the treatment regimen and adverse psychosocial influences such as negative affect, depression, or loneliness.

Description of the problem
Yet, how can we explain the chasm between knowledge about health determinants and action? Why we are not able to close the gap between what we know and what we put into practice to improve people's health? Maybe part of the answer is that we should break the silos and apply knowledge and expertise from also other fields and disciplines; and based on the synergistic use of knowledge from multiple sources to obtain new useful knowledge elements.

Results
One of the most promising knowledge fusions lie in behavioural insights that combine lessons from behavioural economics, psychology, neuroscience, and social science with empirically-tested results to provide a better understanding of how people behave and make decisions. The opportunities that behavioural insights may offer to fight chronic diseases have recently been acknowledged by several leading public health institutions and organisations. For instance, ‘Healthier choices: Incorporating behavioural insights' is one of the four flagship initiatives of the WHO's European Programme of Work 2020-2025.

Lessons
The potential benefits of behavioural insights are multiple as they are often very low cost, scalable, and light touch. This is especially relevant within the context of overstretched healthcare systems. What is needed is capacity building in order to broaden our understanding of measures that have originated from behavioural sciences and have a lot to offer to public health.
Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides and Polyols and cancer risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Debras C , Chazelas E , Srour B , Julia C , Schneider É , Agaësse C , Druesne-Pecollo N , Hercberg S , Deschasaux-Tanguy M , Touvier M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides and Monosaccharides And Polyols (FODMAPs), which are found in a variety of foods (dairy products, fruit, legumes, refined grains, sugary beverages, etc.) have been involved in risk for gastrointestinal disorders. In view of their pro-inflammatory potential and their interactions with the gut microbiota, their contribution to the etiology of other chronic diseases such as cancer has been postulated. However, no epidemiological study has investigated this hypothesis so far. Our objective was to investigate the associations between FODMAP intake (total and by type) and cancer risk (overall, breast, prostate and colorectal).

Methods
104,909 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort (2009-2020) were included (median follow-up time=7.7y). FODMAP intakes were obtained from repeated 24h-dietary records linked to a detailed food composition table. Associations between FODMAPs and cancer risks were assessed by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for a large range of lifestyle, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.

Results
Total FODMAP intake was associated with increased overall cancer risk (n = 3,374 incident cases, Hazard Ratio for quintile 5 vs quintile 1=1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.44, P-trend=0.04). Oligosaccharides seemed to be the FODMAP type particularly associated with cancer risk: a trend was observed for overall cancer (HR = 1.10 (0.97-1.25) P-trend=0.04) and colorectal cancer (n = 272, HR = 1.78 (1.13-2.79) P-trend=0.02). Associations remained stable across a series of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a potential role of FODMAPs in cancer onset. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to confirm these results and provide data on the potential underlying mechanisms.

Key messages
In this large-scale prospective cohort of French adults, FODMAP intake was associated with increased cancer risk. These associations need to be studied in other prospective cohorts, in order to clarify FODMAPs role in cancer development.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Male Infertility in GWAS: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: La Gatta E , Zace D , Hoxhaj I , Beccia F , Di Pietro ML , Genuardi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Infertility is a multifactorial health issue, with males accounting for half of the cases, part of which appears to be idiopathic. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have explored the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in idiopathic male infertility (IMI). However, considering the inconsistent evidence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between SNPs and IMI susceptibility, via GWAS.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and GWAS databases were searched for eligible GWAS in English until March 17th, 2021. Primary data studies on the association between SNPs and IMI were included. Studies' quality was assessed by the Q-Genie tool. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed for SNPs evaluated in ≥ 2 studies for the same genotype, calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). I2 statistics was used to assess statistical heterogeneity.

Results
Out of 1356 articles, nine were included in the systematic review. These studies, conducted in Asian populations (78% in China and 22% in Japan), were of moderate to good quality. 121 genes and 199 SNPs were evaluated for their association with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) (78%), oligoasthenospermia, oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia, in 13145 cases and 21152 controls. 43% of the SNPs, among which 38 haplogroups of the Y chromosome, were significantly associated to IMI. Meta-analysis was conducted only for two SNPs: rs498422 and rs3129878, which were significantly associated to NOA (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.07-1.58 and OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.28-1.44, respectively).

Discussion
Although several genetic variants have been identified, their contribution to IMI pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Further research is needed to establish the role of these SNPs for genetic testing in clinical and public health practice. Identifying populations at greater risk of infertility may result in personalized prevention and diagnostic programs.

Key messages
Genome wide association studies included in this metanalysis, conducted all in Asian countries, report several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to idiopathic male infertility. Despite the number of SNPs identified in these studies, further research is needed to establish their role in clinical and public health practice, which may result in personalized prevention.
Pregnant asylum-seekers’ perspectives regarding mental health screening: a qualitative study
Authors: Soldati E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify a suitable and acceptable method to screen for depression, anxiety and PTSD in pregnant asylum seekers.

Methods
We conducted eight semi-structured interviews with pregnant asylum seekers. Before the interview participants filled out the Refugee Health Screener 15 (RHS-15) and a demographic questionnaire. During the semi-structured interview, we discussed the acceptability and suitability of the RHS-15 to screen and start dialogue about PTSD, anxiety and depression. To analyse data, an inductive thematic analysis was performed by two researchers. The interviews took place at the Asylum Seeker Centre of Ter Apel, the Netherlands in the months of November and December 2020.

Results
The following themes were identified: ‘Importance of mental health screening', ‘Talking about mental health' and ‘Use of the RHS-15'. Pregnant asylum seekers find themselves in an underserved, and disadvantaged situation. They find it meaningful and acceptable to talk about mental health with their midwife or other health care professionals, but they would not initiate a conversation on mental health spontaneously. They would appreciate encouragement in disclosing matters regarding their mental health and help with navigating the healthcare system. Barriers and enablers to talk about mental health included a language barrier, cultural differences, relationship with health care providers and practical barriers. Participants considered the RHS-15 suitable for mental health screening.

Conclusions
This is the first study in Europe that assesses the suitability and acceptability of mental health screening in pregnant asylum seekers from their perspective. Asylum-seeking women appreciate mental health screening during pregnancy and think the RHS-15 is an acceptable and suitable method. Further research is necessary for health care providers and policy makers to implement mental health screening for pregnant asylum seekers.

Key messages
The results of this study suggest that asylum-seeking women deem mental health screening during pregnancy nessesairy and find the RHS-15 a suitable and acceptible method of screening. This is the first study in Europe that investigates the opinion of pregnant asylum seekers on mental health screenings.