bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal heat generation impact on MHD natural convection of dusty hybrid nanomaterials within a porous cavity
Authors: Mahdy A. , Hady Fekry M. , Mohamed Ramdan A. , Abo‐zaid Omima A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe numerical contribution of the natural heat flow of dusty hybrid nanofluid due to a square cavity filled with a porous medium with the effects of internal heat generation and the magnetic field is presented in this paper. The system of the problem equations is divided into hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu) phase equations and dusty phase equations, which are converted to a dimensionless form to be suitable for solving them numerically using the finite difference method. The results manifest in the streamlines, isotherms contours for both hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase as well in local and average Nusselt numbers profiles. The numerical computations are performed and presented via graphs and tables due to the influence of governing physical parameters like , , , (0 ≤ Σ ≤ /2), , , , and . The results indicate that increasing of fluid–particle interaction parameter for velocity leads to increment of the streamlines and isotherms of both the dust and hybrid nanofluid phases. A notable enhancement is found in the streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid phase and dust phase for high values of the Rayleigh number. The average Nusslet number ameliorates due to suspended dust particles in the hybrid nanofluid while deteriorates with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction. Furthermore, rising values of Hartmann number lead to reducing streamlines of the hybrid nanofluid and dust phases but an increase occurs with an increment of the inclined angle of the magnetic field. A notable agreement is obtained between the data of the present study and other previously published work.
Prognostic score based on physical frailty in patients with heart failure: a multicenter prospective cohort study (FLAGSHIP)
Authors: Yamada Sumio , Adachi Takuji , Izawa Hideo , Murohara Toyoaki , Kondo Takaaki ,   FLAGSHIP collaborators
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with heart failure (HF), physical frailty should be assessed to enable risk stratification. No conventional frailty criteria have so far been developed considering HF‐specific outcomes. This study aimed to propose a frailty‐based prognostic score using a nationwide cohort study of Japanese patients with HF.MethodsWe analysed 2721 patients hospitalized for HF and capable of walking at discharge (median age: 76 years [interquartile range 67–83], men: 60.5%). Physical frailty was evaluated at discharge using four quantitative measures: usual walking speed, grip strength, Performance Measure for Activities of Daily Living‐8 (PMADL‐8), and Self‐Efficacy for Walking‐7 (SEW‐7). The primary outcome was a composite of HF rehospitalization and all‐cause mortality within 2 years. A cut‐off point was identified for each measure using receiver operating characteristic analysis in a derivation cohort (n = 1778). Cox proportional hazards model was used to assign a score to each frailty domain according to the correlation with the endpoint. Patients were divided into four categories according to the sum score, and survival was compared by analysing the Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model. Cumulative incidences of the events according to frailty categories were compared between the derivation cohort and a validation cohort (n = 943).ResultsThe cut‐off value and assigned score of each indicator was determined as follows: usual walking speed < 0.98 m/s = 4 points; grip strength < 30.0 kg (men) or 17.5 kg (women) = 5 points; PMADL‐8 ≥ 21 points = 2 points; SEW‐7 ≤ 20 points = 3 points. We stratified patients into four categories according to the sum score: Category I, ≤3 points; Categories II, 4–8 points; Category III, 9–13 points; and Category IV, 14 points. The prevalence and cumulative incidence of the composite outcome for Categories I to IV in the derivation cohort were 27.4%, 25.2%, 26.4%, and 21.0%, and 9.5, 16.3, 26.3, and 36.8/100 person‐years, respectively. Similar results were confirmed in the validation cohort. In Cox proportional hazards model, frailty categories were associated with the composite outcome independent of potential confounders (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] in reference to Category I: Categories II, 1.51 [0.84–2.72], P = 0.169; Category III, 2.37 [1.32–4.23], P = 0.004; Category IV, 2.66 [1.45–4.89], P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe frailty‐based prognostic score proposed in this study was well associated with prognosis and will serve for risk stratification in patients with HF.
On the structure and clique‐width of (4K1,C4,C6,C7)‐free graphs
Authors: Penev Irena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe give a complete structural description of ‐free graphs that do not contain a simplicial vertex, and we prove that such graphs have bounded clique‐width. Together with the results of Foley et al., this implies that ‐free graphs that do not contain a simplicial vertex have bounded clique‐width. Consequently, Graph Coloring can be solved in polynomial time for ‐free graphs, that is, for even‐hole‐free graphs of stability number at most three.
Surveillance genome sequencing reveals multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 variants circulating in central Texas, USA, with a predominance of delta variant and review of vaccine breakthrough cases
Authors: Mutnal Manohar B. , Johnson Shelby , Mohamed Nada , Abddelgader Rasha , Morales Linden , Volz Marcus , Walker Kimberly , Arroliga Alejandro C. , Rao Arundhati 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs surges in the COVID‐19 pandemic have continued worldwide, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has mutated, spawning several new variants, and impacting, to various degrees, transmission, disease severity, diagnostics, therapeutics, and natural and vaccine‐induced immunity. Baylor Scott & White Health has implemented, along with laboratory diagnosis, SARS‐CoV‐2 sequencing to identify variants in its geographical service area. We analyzed virus sequencing results of specimens collected across Central Texas and found dramatic changes in variant distribution in the first half of 2021. The alpha variant (B 1.1.7) became predominant at week 13 and continued dominance until week 25. A growth rate of 1.20 (R2 = 0.92) for the first 15 weeks was noted and this growth gradually declined to −0.55 (R2 = 0.99) for the final 13 weeks. Currently, B.1.1.7 is being displaced with B.1.617.2 at a 0.58 growth rate (R2 = 0.97). We also investigated vaccine breakthrough cases (VBCs) within our healthcare system and present clinical data on 28 symptomatic patients.
Changes of local tropical cyclone activity over the South China Sea under global warming in high‐resolution atmospheric model projections
Authors: Dao Lan Thi , Yu Jia‐Yuh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) forming over the South China Sea (SCS) are hard to predict as they often make landfall shortly after their formation, resulting in a severe loss of properties and human lives to the adjacent countries. As climate change continues to pose a threat to our planet, it is of importance to understand how TCs forming over the SCS might change under global warming. In this study, we examine the potential changes of local TC activity over the SCS based on HiRAM (high‐resolution atmospheric model) simulations and projections at 0.23 × 0.23° horizontal resolution with the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The SCS TC activity, including genesis number and passage frequency, is projected to decrease significantly (about 59%) in the late 21st century period (2075–2099) compared to the present‐day period (1980–2004). Analysing the genesis potential index (GPI) clearly indicates that the suppression of SCS TC activity comes mainly from the decrease in low‐level vorticity over the SCS. From a large‐scale circulation view, the decrease in low‐level vorticity can be linked to the weakened monsoon gyre along with the southwestward retreat of monsoon trough under global warming.
Use of medicines in adults with autism spectrum disorder in Australia
Authors: Lim Renly , Moffat Anna K. , Young Robyn , Kalisch Ellett Lisa M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUse of psychotropic medicines such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, very little is known about medicine use in adults with ASD. This pilot project aimed to describe medicines use in Australian adults with ASD. We conducted a retrospective analysis of mental health care plan records for adults with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD from a single metropolitan psychology practice. One hundred and twenty one of the 168 participants (72%) were taking at least one medicine. Fifty‐nine of the 168 persons whose care plans were reviewed (35%) were taking an antidepressant, the most frequently prescribed psychotropic medicine. Twenty‐three (14%) were prescribed a medicine for airways disease, most commonly salbutamol. Antipsychotics were used by 11% and anxiolytic/hypnotics by 10%. The most commonly used antidepressants were sertraline and escitalopram (21 and 19% of antidepressant users, respectively). The most commonly used antipsychotics were quetiapine and risperidone (32% and 27%, respectively). This pilot project has highlighted that use of psychotropic medicines is common in adults with ASD.
Influence of ultrasonic pretreatments on microwave hot‐air flow rolling drying mechanism, thermal characteristics and rehydration dynamics of Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Su Dianbin , Sun Weihong , Li Bing‐zheng , Yang Yu , Wang Yong , Lv Weiqiao , Li Dong , Wang Lijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to improve the drying efficiency and reduce the drying energy consumption of Pleurotus eryngii, microwave hot‐air flow rolling drying (MHARD) coupled with ultrasonic pretreating time (0, 20, 40, and 60 min) was used to investigate the drying profile, thermal characteristics, water migration, microstructure and rehydration dynamics of P. eryngii using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).RESULTSResults showed that the drying time of P. eryngii was 80, 70, 60 and 50 min, accordingly. Energy consumption was significantly reduced by ultrasonic pretreatment, and moisture effective diffusivity (Deff) was increased with the increase of ultrasonic pretreating time. DSC curves showed that the drying process was accelerated by ultrasonic pretreatment significantly by enhancing the heat transfer. Meanwhile, SEM images showed that the cell was broken and numbers of irregular holes appeared in the ultrasound‐pretreated samples. In terms of rehydration dynamics, Page model could well model the rehydration kinetics of dried P. eryngii with R2 > 0.99.CONCLUSIONThe findings indicate that ultrasonic pretreatment is a promising method for MHARD of P. eryngii as it can enhance the drying process, and show potential for industrial application. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sweetness profiles of glycosyl rebaudioside A and binary mixtures with sugar alcohols in aqueous solution and a lemonade model system
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Park Sunghee , Hong Jae‐Hee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe demands for better‐tasting alternative sweeteners have driven efforts to improve the sensory properties of rebaudioside A (Reb‐A), such as glycosylation and blending with bulk sweeteners. This study attempted to (i) investigate the sensory profiles of a novel sweetener, glycosyl rebaudioside A (gReb‐A), and its 1:1 mixtures with erythritol or maltitol, and (ii) compare between the sensory characteristics in an aqueous solution and lemonade.RESULTSThe concentrations of the sweeteners were prepared to match the sweetness intensity of a 7% (w/v) sucrose solution using relative sweetness values determined using the two‐alternative forced‐choice test. Eight trained panelists identified sensory profiles of the sweeteners in an aqueous solution and lemonade using a descriptive analysis protocol. gReb‐A had significantly less bitterness and lingering sweetness than Reb‐A did, eliciting a sensory profile similar to that of sucrose. The mixture of gReb‐A and erythritol was not sensorially differentiated from the sucrose in the aqueous solution. Blending with maltitol significantly enhanced the sweetness and suppressed the bitterness of gReb‐A. gReb‐A and its binary mixtures were perceived as more similar to sucrose in the lemonade than in solution.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that glycosylation and blending with erythritol and maltitol gave a more sucrose‐like sweetness profile in the aqueous solution and lemonade. The results of the study can be used to develop adequate sugar substitutes for acidic beverages. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer de‐escalation strategies and trials: Past failures and future promise
Authors: Zakeri Kaveh , Dunn Lara , Lee Nancy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHPV‐associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas are radiosensitive and chemosensitive, thus, portending a favorable prognosis. Treatment de‐intensification strategies aim to reduce toxicity while maintaining efficacy. Although approaches that have substituted cisplatin with cetuximab or omitted chemotherapy have not been successful, Transoral Robotic Surgery with de‐intensified adjuvant therapy has been promising. Additionally, personalized approaches are taking advantage of tumor biology and utilizing tumor reduction or hypoxia on imaging as a predictive marker to successfully de‐escalate radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Styrene‐Maleimide/Maleic Anhydride Alternating Copolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bag Sagar , Ghosh Soumyadeep , Paul Soumya , Khan Md Ezaz Hasan , De Priyadarsi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlternating sequencing of styrene‐maleimide/maleic anhydride (S‐MI/MA) in the copolymer chain is known for a long time. But since early 2000, this class of copolymers has been extensively studied using various living/controlled polymerization techniques to design S‐MI/MA alternating copolymers with tunable molecular weight, narrow dispersity (Ð), and precise chain‐end functionality. The widespread diverse applications of this polymeric backbone are due to its ease of synthesis, cheap starting materials, high precision in alternating sequencing, and facile post‐polymerization functionalization with simple organic reactions. Recently, S‐MI/MA alternating copolymers have been rediscovered as novel polymers with unprecedented emissive behavior. It outperforms the traditional fluorophores with no aggregation caused quenching (ACQ), aqueous solubility, and greater cell viability. Herein, the origin of alternating sequence, synthesis, and recent (2010‐Present) developments in applications of these polymers in different fields are elaborately discussed, including the advantages of the unconventional luminogenic property. This review article also highlights the future research directions of the versatile S‐MI/MA copolymers.
Dynamic and molecular association in premicellar aqueous solutions of dicarboxylate amino acid‐based surfactant as studied by 1H NMR
Authors: Arkhipov Victor P. , Arkhipov Ruslan V. , Filippov Andrei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examined a series of amino acid‐based surfactants with two carboxylic groups separated by a spacer of one, two, or three carbon atoms with sodium and calcium counterions in the premicellar concentration region near the CMC. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and NMR diffusometry techniques were used to study the local environment, association, and translational dynamics of the surfactant's molecules. We measured the self‐diffusion coefficients of the micelles, calculated the effective hydrodynamic radii, and determined the temperature region in which the premicelles exist. With an increase in temperature from 295 to 335 K, the premicellar state of the surfactant is replaced by the monomeric state.
Examination of Bigheaded Carp Ovaries Indicates Batch Spawning
Authors: Lenaerts Allison W. , Coulter Alison A. , Irons Kevin S. , Lamer James T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fishes utilize several different species-specific reproductive strategies adapted to their environment. Invasive species may display reproductive strategies that allow successful reproduction in varying environments, such as batch and protracted spawning. Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix, referred to as bigheaded carp, are invasive species that have been introduced worldwide. In some invaded ranges, they either have a protracted spawning period and/or spawn multiple times in a season, which can be advantageous in novel environments. Reproductive strategies can vary between river systems or with environmental conditions, and understanding differences in strategies can improve management of bigheaded carp. To determine reproductive strategy, we evaluated the histology of spawning capable ovaries from Silver Carp (n = 58) and Bighead Carp (n = 38) collected during May–September 2016 and June 2017 from Pools 17–20 of the upper Mississippi River (UMR). We found that 87.9% of Silver Carp (n = 51) and 86.8% of Bighead Carp (n = 33) had an ovary that contained primary growth, cortical alveolar, and vitellogenic oocytes simultaneously. Multiple stages of oocytes within an ovary indicated that individuals were capable of spawning multiple times during a single year, and the presence of postovulatory follicle complexes demonstrated that individuals had already spawned while oocytes were still present. Based on histological samples, bigheaded carp appear to be indeterminate batch spawners, with oocytes continuing to develop throughout the spawning period. Silver and Bighead carp in the UMR may exhibit protracted and batch spawning and employ flexible spawning strategies among different river systems, which can increase the probability of successful recruitment in a variable environment.
Barcode scanning of human milk and enteral formulas improves efficiency and patient safety: A 7‐year review
Authors: Steele Caroline , Bixby Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSafe handling of human milk (HM) and enteral formulas for patients of all ages is critical in healthcare. Barcode scanning is commonly used to reduce errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of barcode scanning for HM and formulas on patient safety.MethodsScanning is used at the time of feeding preparation for HM, facility‐prepared formulas, and ready‐to‐feed enteral formulas for patients of all ages to confirm the feeding matches the provider order, record lot numbers, and ensure expired items are not used. HM feedings are scanned at the time of administration and discharge to ensure the correct milk is being provided to the correct patient. All formulas dispensed as samples to hospital inpatients and outpatients are scanned to record patient and product information in the event of a recall.ResultsSeven‐year data showed that scanning has prevented HM misadministration 1226 times. Data for 2 and a half years of fortifier and formula scanning show 480 errors have been prevented. The results show benefits for both patient safety and staff efficiency.ConclusionThe benefits of barcode scanning systems in healthcare are well documented. Beyond the scanning of HM, scanning of fortifiers and formulas can improve patient safety by preventing misadministration for patients of all ages. Systems that offer features such as calculating fortified HM and formula recipes, tracking product lot numbers, and verifying correct products to the provider order can further improve safety as well as efficiency.
Maternal anaemia during postpartum: Preliminary findings from a cross‐sectional study in Dodoma City, Tanzania
Authors: Tairo Sophia Rogasian , Munyogwa Mariam John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of anaemia among postnatal women.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted from April–July, 2020, at a healthcare facility in Dodoma City.MethodsHaemoglobin concentration was measured by using HemoCue Hb 201+ analyser machine. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin concentration of <11 g/dl. Chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the correlates of anaemia.ResultsThe overall prevalence of postpartum anaemia was found to be 21.6% (83). Correlates of anaemia were found to be multiple birth (AOR = 4.97), consumption of pulses (AOR = 2.07), normal BMI (AOR = 2.28) and perception of insufficient milk supply (AOR = 3.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of postpartum anaemia found in this study is high. Iron and folic acid supplementation, promotion of dietary diversification practices and screening women higher risk for anaemia may be feasible interventions.
Study of wind‐solar based combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using quasi‐oppositional‐based whale optimization technique
Authors: Paul Chandan , Kumar Roy Provas , Mukherjee Vivekananda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSource of fossil fuel is impoverishing in the upcoming future. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are becoming challenging conventional energy substitutes in the present scenario. In this article, an attempt has been made to utilize RESs such as wind and solar energy with combined heat and power economic dispatch problems. The intention of this presentation is to minimize conflict objectives such as fuel cost accomplished with load demand along with transmission losses while satisfying all the constraints. A new optimization technique, namely a quasi‐oppositionalbased whale optimization algorithm (QOWOA) is adopted to cope up with the non‐linearities of the chosen systems. The proposed technique is tested on two different nonlinear realistic power systems to achieve the satisfactory performances. The superiority of the proposed QOWOA algorithm is judged by comparing it with some recently developed metaheuristic optimization techniques.
Carbon fiber versus glass fiber reinforcements: A novel, true comparison in thermoplastics
Authors: Chu Philip F. , Iwasawa Shigeo , Schell Philip L. , Lin Chia‐Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber and glass fiber are two dominating reinforcements for polymer composites. Fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics are widely used in many applications. It has a higher growth rate than thermoset composites due to ease in processing and recyclability. Glass fiber has been on the market for 80 years and carbon fiber over 50 years. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of research paper to compare the performance of the two fibers and hybrid. All the studies are from commercially available products. In all those cases, these two fibers are non‐comparable. They have different fiber diameter, size and sizing content, chop length and chopping process. Taiwan Glass Industries, Corp. has cordially provided two experimental chopped strands that match the characteristics of chopped carbon fibers. The first one is for nylon reinforcement and the second one is for polypropylene. Now the glass fiber and carbon fiber have the same fiber diameter (7 microns), same size and sizing content (1%), and same chop length (6 mm). Most importantly, they are produced in identical way (off‐line chop). The only difference between two fibers is silane on glass surface. This is the first of this kind of study. It gives a true comparison of two fibers with identical characteristics. As expected, fiber diameter has the biggest influence in mechanical properties among all fiber characteristics. For nylon, the difference between 7 micron and 10 micron glass fiber is small in tensile and flexural strength. It has bigger difference in impact strength. For polypropylene reinforcement, the fiber diameter of standard polypropylene dispersion (PP) glass fiber is 13 microns; almost double that of carbon fiber. Seven‐micron PP glass actually outperforms PP carbon fiber in composite strengths.