bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive Aid Improves Adherence to Guidelines for Critical Endotracheal Intubation in the Resuscitation Room
Authors: Ben-Haddour Mathieu , Colas Mathilde , Lefevre-Scelles Antoine , Durand Zoé , Gillibert André , Roussel Mélanie , Joly Luc-Marie 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Emergency endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a high-risk procedure. Some of its adverse events are life-threatening, and guidelines emphasize the need to anticipate complications by thorough preparation. The emergency department (ED) can be an unpredictable environment, and we tested the hypothesis that a cognitive aid would help the emergency practitioners better follow guidelines. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the use of a cognitive aid focusing on both preintubation and postintubation items could improve ETI preparation and implementation in the ED resuscitation room regarding adherence to guidelines. The secondary objective was to measure and describe procedure times.

Methods
We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial with manikin-based in situ simulation. The participants were not aware of the purpose of the study. The cognitive aid was developed using national guidelines and current scientific literature. The most relevant items were the preparation and implementation of a rapid sequence induction for ETI followed by mechanical ventilation. Emergency department physician-nurse pairs were randomized into a “cognitive aid” group and a “control” group. All pairs completed the same scenario that led to ETI in their own resuscitation room. An adherence to guidelines score of 30, derived from the 30 items of the cognitive aid (1 point per item), and preparation and intubation times were collected.

Results
Seventeen pairs were included in each group. Adherence to guidelines scores were significantly higher in the cognitive aid group than in the control group (median = 28 of 30, interquartile range = 25–28, vs. median = 24 of 30, interquartile range = 21–26, respectively, P < 0.01). Preparation, intubation, and total procedure times were slightly longer in the cognitive aid group, but these results were not significant.

Conclusions
In an in situ simulation, a cognitive aid for the preparation and implementation of an emergency intubation procedure in the ED resuscitation room significantly improved adherence to guidelines without increasing procedure times. Further work is needed in a larger sample and in different settings to evaluate the optimal use of cognitive aids in critical situations.
The Exposome and its Associations with Broad Mental and Physical Health Measures in Early Adolescence
Authors: Moore Tyler M. , Visoki Elina , Argabright Stirling T. , DiDomenico Grace E. , Sotelo Ingrid , Wortzel Jeremy D. , Naeem Areebah , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Warrier Varun , Guloksuz Sinan , Barzilay Ran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. Yet the complex network structure of the environment (i.e., exposome) makes it challenging to investigate. Here, we analyze the exposome using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD, N = 11,235, mean age = 10.9, 52% male) and replicate key findings in an age and sex matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4,993). Both these cohorts are large, diverse samples of US adolescents with phenotyping at multiple levels of environmental exposure. In ABCD, applying data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling, we reduced dimensionality from n=798 exposures to six exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. These factors revealed quantitative differences among racial and ethnic groups. Exposome factors increased variance explained in mental health by 10-fold (from <4% to >38%), over and above other commonly used sociodemographic factors. The general exposome factor was associated with psychopathology (β=0.28, 95%CI 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR=1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5). In PNC, using substantially fewer available environmental exposures (n=29), analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (β =0.15, 95%CI 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.3-1.6) and advanced pubertal development (OR=1.3, 95%CI 1-1.6). Findings demonstrate how incorporating the exposome framework can be useful to study the role of environment in human development.
The production of anti-PF4 antibodies in anti-phospholipid antibody-positive patients is not affected by COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Lonati Paola A. , Bodio Caterina , Scavone Mariangela , Martini Giuliana , Pesce Elisa , Bandera Alessandra , Lombardi Andrea , Gerosa Maria , Franceschini Franco , Tincani Angela , Podda Gianmarco , Abrignani Sergio , Grifantini Renata , Cattaneo Marco , Borghi Maria Orietta , Meroni Pier Luigi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAntibodies against cationic platelet chemokine, platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) have been described in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) but also in patients positive for anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) even in the absence of heparin treatment and HIT-related clinical manifestations. Anti-PF4 antibodies have been recently described also in subjects who developed thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) in association with adenoviral vector-based, but not with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.We investigated whether COVID-19 vaccination affects the production of anti-PF4 immunoglobulins detectable by solid phase assay in aPL-positive patients and their ability to induce in vitro platelet activation. Anti-PF4 were found in 9/126 aPL-positive patients, 4/50 COVID-19, 9/49 other infections and 1/50 aPL-negative systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clinical manifestations of TTS were not observed in any aPL patient positive for anti-PF4, whose sera failed to cause platelet aggregations. The administration of COVID-19 vaccines did not affect the production of anti-PF4 immunoglobulins or their ability to cause platelet aggregation in 44 aPL-positive patients tested before and after vaccination. In conclusion, heparin treatment-independent anti-PF4 antibodies can be found in aPL-positive patients and asymptomatic carriers, but their presence, titer as well as in vitro effect on platelet activation are not affected by COVID-19 vaccination.
No evidence for three functionally specialized subregions in the subthalamic nucleus: A model-based 7 T fMRI study
Authors: Miletić Steven , Keuken Max C. , Mulder Martijn , Trampel Robert , de Hollander Gilles , Forstmann Birte U. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, subcortical brain structure. It is a target for deep brain stimulation, an invasive treatment that reduces motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Side effects of DBS are commonly explained using the tripartite model of STN organization, which proposes three functionally distinct subregions in the STN specialized in cognitive, limbic, and motor processing. However, evidence for the tripartite model exclusively comes from anatomical studies and functional studies using clinical patients. Here, we provide the first experimental tests of the tripartite model in healthy volunteers using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 34 participants performed a random-dot motion decision-making task with a difficulty manipulation and a choice payoff manipulation aimed to differentially affect cognitive and limbic networks. Moreover, participants responded with their left and right index finger, differentially affecting motor networks. We analysed BOLD signal in three subregions of equal volume of the STN along the dorsolateral-ventromedial axis, identified using manually delineated high resolution anatomical images. Our results indicate that all segments responded equally to the experimental manipulations, and did not support the tripartite model.
Another step toward final call on Remdesivir efficacy as a treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a multicenter open-label trial
Authors: Hosseini Hamed , Sadeghi Anahita , Tabarsi Payam , Etemadimanesh Azin , Darazam Ilad Alavi , Aghdami Nasser , Kalantari Saeed , Hasibi Mehrdad , Hadadi Azar , Babamahmoodi Farhang , Momen-Heravi Mansooreh , Hormati Ahmad , Panahi Yunes , Khodashahi Rozita , Salehi Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAfter emerging the global pandemic of SARS-CoV2 some preliminary studies demonstrated the efficacy of antiviral treatments. But shortly thereafter, inconsistencies in the results of further clinical trials raised doubts on the efficacy of these agents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Remdesivir on hospitalized COVID-19 patients’ outcomes.Material and methodsThis study was an open-label, single-armed, clinical trial on hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who had progressive respiratory symptoms despite receiving standard care. All patients received Remdesivir and their characteristics, outcomes, time of treatment initiation, and respiratory support stages during hospitalization were registered and followed up for 14 days.Results145 patients with the mean age of 52.89 ± 1.12 years enrolled in this study, 38 (26.2%) died at the end of 14 days period. The mean time interval from the onset of the symptoms to antiviral treatment was 10.63±0.56 days. Thirty deceased patients (78.9%) were men, showing 2.8 times higher mortality chance compared to women (ORadj=2.77; 95%CI=1.08-7.09). The type of respiratory support on the first day of treatment initiation showed a significantly lower mortality chance in patients receiving O2only than those who needed non-invasive and/or mechanical ventilation (ORadj=3.91; 95%CI=1.64-9.32). The start time (early vs late administration) and duration (less or more than 7 days) of antiviral treatment had no statistically significant association with mortality or ventilation escalation among the patients (p-value > 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, we showed that Remdesivir probably is not effective on the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
A Gene Replacement Humanization Platform for Rapid Functional Testing of Clinical Variants in Epilepsy-associatedSTXBP1
Authors: McCormick Kathryn , Brock Trisha , Wood Matthew , Guo Lan , McBride Kolt , Kim Christine , Resch Lauren , Pop Stelian , Bradford Chandler , Kendrick Preston , Lawson Jennifer A. , Saunders Adam , McKeown Sarah , Helbig Ingo , Bainbridge Matthew N. , Hopkins Christopher E 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeFunctional evidence is a pillar of variant interpretation according to ACMG guidelines. Functional evidence can be obtained in a variety of models and assay systems, including patient-derived tissues and iPSCs, in vitro cellular assays, and in vivo assays. Here we evaluate the reliability and practicality of variant interpretation in the small animal model,C.elegans, through a series of experiments evaluating the function of syntaxin binding protein, STXBP1, a well-known causative gene for Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 1 (EIEE1).MethodsUsing CRISPR, we replaced the coding sequence for unc-18 with the coding sequence for the human orthologSTXBP1. Next, we used CRISPR to introduce precise point mutations in the humanSTXBP1coding sequence, reflecting three clinical categories (benign, pathogenic, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS)). We quantified 26 features of the resulting worms’ movement to train Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) machine learning classifiers on known pathogenic and benign variants. We characterized the classifiers, and then used the behavioral data from the VUS-expressing animals to predict the categorization of the VUS.ResultsWhereas knock-out worms without unc-18 are severely impaired in motor function, worms expressingSTXBP1in its place have restored motor function. We produced worms withSTXBP1variants previously classified by ACMG criteria, including 25 benign variants, 32 pathogenic, and 24 variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Using either SVM or RF classifiers, we were able to obtain a sensitivity of 0.84-0.97 on known benign and pathogenic strains. By comparing multiple ML classification methods, we were able to classify 9 of the VUS as functionally abnormal, suggesting that these VUS are likely to be pathogenic.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that automated analysis of a small animal system is an effective, scalable, and fast way to understand functional consequences of variants inSTXBP1, one of the most common causes of genetic epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Predictors of work alienation: differences between hierarchical levels
Authors: Vanderstukken Arne , Caniëls Marjolein C.J. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe current study is aimed at analyzing whether and how organizational constraints (i.e. lack of autonomy) and individual characteristics (i.e. psychological capital) are related to work alienation in subordinates and supervisors, and whether the often hypothesized relationship between autonomy and work alienation is moderated in a three-way interaction (autonomy × psychological capital × hierarchical level). The hypotheses are developed by drawing on the tenets of the job demands-resources model.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on two-wave survey data from 294 Dutch employees (subordinates and supervisors).FindingsThe paper finds that autonomy is more negatively related to work alienation for subordinates with low psychological capital than for subordinates with high psychological capital. Autonomy is negatively related to work alienation for leaders, independent of their level of psychological capital.Originality/valueAntecedents of work alienation have received substantial attention from researchers. The authors aim to better understand these antecedents by highlighting differences between supervisors and subordinates.
An information classification model for public sector organizations in Sweden: a case study of a Swedish municipality
Authors: Bergquist Jan-Halvard , Tinet Samantha , Gao Shang 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to create an information classification model that is tailored to suit the specific needs of public sector organizations in Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach
To address the purpose of this research, a case study in a Swedish municipality was conducted. Data was collected through a mixture of techniques such as literature, document and website review. Empirical data was collected through interviews with 11 employees working within 7 different sections of the municipality.

Findings
This study resulted in an information classification model that is tailored to the specific needs of Swedish municipalities. In addition, a set of steps for tailoring an information classification model to suit a specific public organization are recommended. The findings also indicate that for a successful information classification it is necessary to educate the employees about the basics of information security and classification and create an understandable and unified information security language.

Practical implications
This study also highlights that to have a tailored information classification model, it is imperative to understand the value of information and what kind of consequences a violation of established information security principles could have through the perspectives of the employees.

Originality/value
It is the first of its kind in tailoring an information classification model to the specific needs of a Swedish municipality. The model provided by this study can be used as a tool to facilitate a common ground for classifying information within all Swedish municipalities, thereby contributing the first step toward a Swedish municipal model for information classification.
Can altcoins become viable alternatives to African fiat currencies?
Authors: Kumah Seyram Pearl , Odei-Mensah Jones 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The paper aims to examine the asymmetric response of three major altcoins to shocks in six African fiat currencies in a time-frequency space.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are for the period 10th August 2015 to 2nd February 2019 at a daily frequency. The authors capture the time and frequency information in the return series of the currencies using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The authors implemented quantile regression and quantile-in-quantile regression on the decomposed series to test the response of altcoins to both positive and negative shocks in the fiat currencies across time to see if the altcoins are viable alternatives to African fiat currencies.

Findings
The outcome of the study suggests that altcoins behave differently from African fiat currencies and are viable alternative digital currencies and good hedges for African fiat currencies from the medium-term.

Research limitations/implications
Policymakers in Africa and across the globe can follow this paper to mitigate currency crises by adopting altcoins as alternatives to fiat currencies. Forex traders can also mitigate trade risk by using altcoins to hedge dollar/African fiat currency exchange rate risk.

Originality/value
The research was conducted by the authors and has not been published in any journal.
VIKOR power law-based customer-oriented FMEA with complete unique risk priority numbers
Authors: Hettiarachchi Randula L. , Koomsap Pisut , Ardneam Panarpa 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAn inherent problem on risk priority number (RPN) value duplication of traditional failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) also exists in two customer-oriented FMEAs. One has no unique value, and another has 1% unique values out of 4,000 possible values. The RPN value duplication has motivated the development of a new customer-oriented FMEA presented in this paper to achieve practically all 4,000 unique values and delivering reliable prioritization.Design/methodology/approachThe drastic improvement is the result of power-law and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). By having all three risk factors in a power-law form, all unique values can be obtained, and by applying VIKOR to these power-law terms, the prioritization is more practical and reliable.FindingsThe proposed VIKOR power law-based customer-oriented FMEA can achieve practically all 4,000 unique values and is tested with two case studies. The results are more logical than the results from the other two customer-oriented FMEAs.Research limitations/implicationsThe evaluation has been done on two case studies for the service sector. Therefore, additional case studies in other industrial sectors will be required to confirm the effectiveness of this new customer-oriented RPN calculation.Originality/valueAchieving all 1,000 unique values could only be done by having experts tabulate all possible combinations for the traditional FMEA. Therefore, achieving all 4,000 unique values will be much more challenging. A customer-oriented FMEA has been developed to achieve practically all 4,000 unique risk priority numbers, and that the prioritization is more practical and reliable. Furthermore, it has a connection to the traditional FMEA, which helps explain the traditional one from a broader perspective.
Wicked problems: university research topic convergence despite divergence in local educational and innovation policies
Authors: Friman Mervi , Schreiber Dusan , Mutanen Arto , Perälä Simu , Salminen Janne 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aims to determine how sustainable development (SD) demands (according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) SD themes from 2005) are connected to the contents of education, research, development and innovation (RDI) in higher education institutions (HEI). Education and the RDI nexus may affect HEI’s capability to handle SD-related wicked problems and enhance their societal impact.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examined SD-oriented curricula contents of two universities (Brazil and Finland) and counted the number of SD-related research outcomes. In addition, conceptual modelling was used to analyse the mechanisms that may be directing HEIs’ SD work in local innovation.FindingsThe data showed a convergence deviation in the RDI of SD-related subjects between the two HEIs. There was no correlation between SD-oriented education and RDI-work in either HEI. Education and RDI processes have different UNECE SD themes at the focal point, and the education-research nexus is lacking. This difference indicates that new SD-related knowledge produced through RDI was not effectively used in education. Modelling revealed that the convergence in RDI outcomes arose from the same kind of local business, industry and societal challenges, implementing effective stakeholder pressures into HEIs. The results may indicate that stakeholder SD needs were not directly transferred into the competence qualification of the curriculum.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first quantitative study to reveal the independence of universities’ SD-related RDI subjects on educational curricula.
Are politically connected firms in Brazil worried about anti-corruption disclosure?
Authors: Barros Arthur do Nascimento Ferreira , dos Santos Milena Rayane Lopes , Melo Igor de Albuquerque , dos Santos Marcos Paulo Dias , da Silva Suymarha Mendes 
Published: August 2021

PurposeDue to the mixed evidence regarding politically connected (PCON) firms and voluntary disclosure, the authors seek to investigate the direction of the association between Brazilian PCON firms and their level of information disclosed in the fight against corruption. This study is conducted in a developing country with a weak judicial system where board members or directors with political connections can operate without any oversights.Design/methodology/approachThe authors empirically test our hypothesis that voluntary anti-corruption disclosure is negatively associated with political connections. Content analysis, Wilcoxon Rank and Pearson Correlation were employed in a sample of 30 companies that belong to sectors with the highest risk of corruption, between 2014 and 2016, the period of Brazilian elections. A sample of 90 observations is used with data collected from annual reports of companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange in Brazil.FindingsThe study’s results indicate a positive and significant association between the level of voluntary anti-corruption disclosure and corporate political connection, confirming our second hypothesis. PCON firms could seek to improve their legitimacy after recent corporate corruption scandals discovered in Brazil where government members participated in the schemes of bribe and money laundering and embezzlement. Although our sample is composed of firms in industries of high corruption risk, which could increase bias, the results improve the literature with empirical contribution that has given little attention to the issue.Originality/valueThe latest corruption scandals in Brazil showed that companies were involved with government officials, corruption is one of the country's biggest issues for diverting public resources to basic needs such as education and health. The relationship between political connections and voluntary disclosure is an open empirical question, particularly dealing with anti-corruption. The study’s findings bring light on the subject, which deserves greater attention not only from researchers but from the society that is most affected by corruption.