bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of diversity on creativity: A literature review and synthesis
Authors: Hundschell Andreas , Razinskas Stefan , Backmann Julia , Hoegl Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn today's complex business world, the diversities within organizations, within teams, and of individual employees have emerged as a source of competitive advantage that can enhance creativity at multiple levels of analysis. However, the relationship between diversity and creativity at and across the individual, team, and organizational levels remains a topic of debate, despite ongoing scholarly interest. In this article, we address this debate by conducting a comprehensive multilevel review of 119 empirical studies that explores the effects of diversity on creativity. To structure this body of literature, we review studies based on their levels of analysis as well as the degrees of job‐relatedness and the observability of diversity attributes they investigate. This approach helps to enable the discussion of the differential effects that numerous diversity attributes can have on creativity at the individual, team, and organizational levels, thus uncovering promising avenues for future research. Our multilevel perspective particularly points toward the heightened need for more cross‐level and dynamic research designs and for extending conceptual ideas well known at one level of analysis to phenomena less understood at other levels of analysis. These approaches should improve the understanding of the complex, and therefore still puzzling, role of diversity for creativity.
Efficacy of bivalent fimbrial vaccines to control and eliminate intermediate forms of footrot in sheep
Authors: Smith KJ , Whittington RJ , Corrigan MA , Edmonstone BI , Cronin NA , Dhand NK , Dhungyel OP 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of serogroup‐specific bivalent fimbrial vaccines in the control and elimination of relatively mild (intermediate) forms of footrot in sheep flocks in NSW, there being some evidence that such forms are difficult to control.MethodsFour flocks of sheep with history of footrot of intermediate virulence were selected based on clinical and bacteriological diagnoses. Dichelobacter nodosus serogroups included in bivalent vaccines at each farm were based on on‐farm serogroup‐prevalence data. Two doses of bivalent vaccine were administered with a 4‐week interval between doses. Repeated post‐vaccination inspections of all feet of between 100 and 119 animals per mob were conducted and foot swabs were collected for bacteriological testing. Blood samples were collected from 10 to 24 individually identified animals per flock at each inspection to check for agglutinating antibody responses.ResultsIn the majority of animals, antibody levels for serogroups included in each vaccine were above the level believed to be required for protective immunity. Footrot disappeared on farm 1 prior to vaccination, but did not reappear postvaccination. Footrot was controlled but not eliminated on farms 2, 3, and 4, where the prevalence and severity of the disease and number of serogroups present were reduced.ConclusionSerogroup‐specific bivalent vaccines can be effective at controlling footrot caused by intermediate strains of D. nodosus.
One health ethics
Authors: Capps Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne health has brought to the fore connections—between human culture and nature—that underlie healthy (and unhealthy) ecological niches. Like other emerging environmental concepts—eco‐health, one medicine and planetary health—one health merges scientific evidence with reasons for sustaining a healthy environment. This narrative is not new, but the importance of a cogent way of thinking about nature in ways that allow us to ameliorate harms brought about by human activities has become a theme of the Anthropocene. Many societies face seemingly insurmountable crises, brought about by a collective failure to foster ethical forms of environmental health. The following essay is an egalitarian reimagining of one health ethics. Undertaking this task is of considerable philosophical importance, because solving the problem of denotation—asking what is one health?—could change our rational view of nature for the betterment of humankind and our Earthly companions.
SerpinA3N attenuates ischemic stroke injury by reducing apoptosis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Qianbo , Chen Dashuang , Zhao Wenqi , Wang Haowei , Yang Mei , Xiang Zhenghua , Yuan Hongbin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of serine protein inhibitor A3N (serpinA3N) in ischemic stroke and to explore its mechanism of action.MethodsMouse ischemic stroke model was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. The expression pattern of serpinA3N was assessed using immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and real‐time quantitative PCR. An adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and recombinant serpinA3N were administered. Additionally, co‐immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence co‐staining were used to identify protein interactions.ResultsSerpinA3N was upregulated in astrocytes and neurons within the ischemic penumbra after stroke in the acute phase. The expression of serpinA3N gradually increased 6 h after reperfusion, peaked on the day 2–3, and then decreased by day 7. Overexpression of serpinA3N by AAV significantly reduced the infarct size and improved motor function, associated with alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. SerpinA3N treatment also reduced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Co‐immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and Western blotting revealed that clusterin interacts with serpinA3N, and Akt‐mTOR pathway members were upregulated by serpinA3N both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsSerpinA3N is expressed in astrocytes and penumbra neurons after stroke in mice. It reduces brain damage possibly via interacting with clusterin and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
The effect of Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (fir broom rust) on the morphological and anatomical traits of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi‐trojani
Authors: Özden Keleş Seray , Ünal Sabri , Karadeniz Mertcan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAbies nordmanniana subsp. equi‐trojani (Kazdagi fir), an endemic tree species in Turkey, is increasingly threatened by Melampsorella caryophyllacearum, a fungal pathogen affecting growth and development of trees. In this work, the effect of M. caryophyllacearum on tree growth and wood cell anatomical properties were investigated in four study plots at two different altitudes (low vs. high) and aspects (shaded vs. sunny) in the Ilgaz Mountain area, south‐western Kastamonu, Turkey. Morphology (stem diameter and height), ring widths and anatomical cell characteristics (tracheid and ray sizes) were compared between asymptomatic and symptomatic trees within each plot. Disease incidence tended to increase with decreasing altitude: trees that were grown at relatively low altitude (approx. 1400 m a.s.l.) showed disease incidence, compared with trees at high altitude (approx. 1700 m a.s.l.). At the lower altitude, symptomatic trees had thinner, shorter stems, whereas stem diameter and height did not differ between asymptomatic and symptomatic trees at the higher altitude. In this study, symptomatic trees showed wider growth rings and greater wood cell sizes than asymptomatic trees in each study plot. The study thus suggests that low altitude may lead to higher pathogen damage in trees, and greater disease incidence may be encouraged by northern aspect.
A mesocosm‐based assessment of whether root hairs affect soil erosion by simulated rainfall
Authors: Burak Emma , Dodd Ian C. , Quinton John N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough plant canopies are widely recognized to protect the soil and help mitigate soil erosion, recent research has shown that the majority of soil scour prevention can be attributed to the roots. Because roots are more difficult and time‐consuming to measure than shoots, research in this area has largely been limited to understanding the influence of large roots and/or whole root systems, and there is little understanding on how smaller root traits, such as root hairs, contribute to the root system's ability to mitigate soil erosion. Therefore, this study subjected a root hairless mutant (brb) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Pallas) and its wild‐type (WT) genotype to simulated rainfall. The results showed that increasing root presence significantly reduced soil erosion, but the impact of root hairs was less clear. Soil detachment significantly decreased as root length density increased, with no apparent genotypic difference in this relationship. The brb root systems produced significantly thinner (0.8‐fold) roots and a higher percentage (1.1‐fold) of fine roots, with both traits previously associated with increased ability to mitigate soil erosion. However, brb mesocosms produced a similar quantity of eroded soil to WT mesocosms, suggesting that root hairs in WT plants could have compensated for their root systems' reduced ability to mitigate soil erosion.Highlights
It is not known whether root hairs affect a root system's ability to mitigate soil erosion.
Soil yield following simulated rainfall was compared for a root hairless mutant (brb) and its WT.
Root traits of brb favoured erosion mitigation, but brb and WT mesocosms eroded to the same degree.
Nine years of experimental warming did not influence the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes
Authors: Alberto‐Payet Fanny , Lassus Remy , Isla Alejandro , Daufresne Martin , Sentis Arnaud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A pressing challenge is to determine whether and how global‐change drivers influence species physiology and survival. Recently, researchers have proposed the metabolic theory of ecology, defending the hypothesis of a universal thermal dependence of metabolic rate or, alternatively, the metabolic cold adaptation theory, stating that local adaptation can influence the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate. However, the long‐term (i.e. multigenerational) consequences of warming for the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate remain largely unexplored although it determines energy use and is crucial for species response to climate change.

In this study, we used an evolutionary experiment with medaka fishes Oryzias latipes maintained for more than 12 generations at warm and cold temperatures (30 and 20°C, respectively) to address this issue. Our objective was to investigate whether thermal adaptation influences the relationship between temperature and mass‐corrected metabolic rate and how this may occur.

In agreement with the universal thermal dependence hypothesis, we found that warming did not significantly influence the thermal sensitivity of mass‐corrected metabolic rate: neither the intercept nor the slope of the temperature–metabolic rate relationship differed among fish lineages. Our small‐scale laboratory experiment thus indicated that there is limited potential for evolutionary change in medaka fish metabolic rate in response to warmer temperatures.

Overall, we provide evidence that 9 years of experimental warming did not influence the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate. Our results highlight the invariability of the thermal dependence of metabolic rate, which has important implications for adaptation to climate warming. This finding suggests a limited potential for metabolic adaptations in response to long‐term temperature changes, which may have negative consequences for the persistence of fish populations under climate change.
A teratocyte‐specific serpin from the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis inhibits the prophenoloxidase‐activating system of its host Plutella xylostella
Authors: Gu Qijuan , Wu Zhiwei , Zhou Yuenan , Wang Zhizhi , Shi Min , Huang Jianhua , Chen Xuexin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany endoparasitoids adopt several parasitic factors, such as venom, polydnavirus and teratocytes, to suppress the immune response of their associated hosts including melanization for successful parasitism. A teratocyte‐specific expressed serpin gene, designated as CvT‐serpin6, was identified from the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis. The immunoblot result suggested that CvT‐serpin6 was secreted into extracellular space. qPCR results showed that CvT‐serpin6 was mainly transcribed at later stages of parasitism, and the transcriptional abundance of CvT‐serpin6 in teratocytes was significantly increased in response to the challenge of bacteria. Inhibitory assay indicated that recombinant CvT‐serpin6 (rCvT‐serpin6) could inhibit the activation of Plutella xylostella prophenoloxidase and ultimately resulted in the inhibition of melanization in P. xylostella haemolymph. Furthermore, we confirmed that rCvT‐serpin6 could form SDS‐stable complexes with activated PxPAP1 and PxPAP3 in a dose‐dependent manner. Altogether, our results further shed insight into the molecular mechanisms that teratocytes involved in controlling host immune response.
Background pain in persons with chronic leg ulcers: An exploratory study of symptom characteristics and management
Authors: Leren Lena , Eide Hilde , Johansen Edda Aslaug , Jelnes Rolf , Ljoså Tone Marte 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis exploratory descriptive study aimed to describe characteristics and management of background pain related to chronic leg ulcers. A total of 121 participants were recruited from two wound care clinics using a consecutive sampling method. Data were obtained through screening interview, clinical examination, and questionnaires. The mean average background pain intensity was 4.5 (SD 2.56) (CI 95% 4.0‐5.0). Pain interfered mostly with general activity (mean 4.3), sleep (mean 4.1), and walking ability (mean 4.0) (0‐10 NRS). The most frequently reported descriptors of background pain were ‘tender’, ‘stabbing’, ‘aching’, and ‘hot‐burning’. Most of the participants stated that the pain was intermittent. Less than 60% had analgesics prescribed specifically for ulcer related pain, and the respondents reported that pain management provided a mean pain relief of 45.9% (SD 33.9, range 0‐100). The findings indicate that ulcer related background pain is a significant problem that interferes with daily function, and that pain management in wound care is still inadequate.
Luminescence and structural evolution in ultra‐low melting quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF‐SnF2‐SnO‐P2O5)
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Jiang Yiguang , Zhang Longfei , Guan Feng , Wang Zaiyang , Huang Xin , Zeng Huidan , Yuan Xinqiang , Zhang Long , He Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor transparent low melting inorganic glass, which is relevant for sealing and additional applications, Pb‐containing glasses have reached the lowest melting point and best comprehensive performance. Considering potential toxicity and regulatory limitations, there is urgent need to develop Pb‐free ultra‐low melting point glass. Herein, we systemically investigated the structure and luminescence evolution of the Pb‐free ultra‐low melting quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF‐SnF2‐SnO‐P2O5), in which varied NaF content was tuned to affect the properties of glass. With NaF content increases, the Sn‐O and P‐O bonds have been gradually transformed to Sn‐F and P‐F bonds, and the phosphrous tetrahedron PO4 has been converted to PO3F. The weaken bonding results in the decrease of the ultra‐low melting point to 329°C when NaF increased to 15 a.t.%, 29oC lower than the ternary glass. The blue shifts of both absorption and photoluminescence spectra were observed due to the higher ionic character of glass structure with NaF increases. As reported previously in the ternary tin fluorophosphate glass, the quaternary glass system also shows a phosphorescence behavior (∼1 s) due to the existence of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the changes in oxygen vacancy defects correlate with the NaF content, thus affecting the decay time as well. The ultra‐low melting point luminescent quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF‐SnF2‐SnO‐P2O5) may be relevant for opto‐electronic applications such as the packaging in displays or light‐emitting diodes.
Symptoms of depression in parents after discharge from NICU associated with family‐centred care
Authors: Axelin Anna , Feeley Nancy , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha , Silnes Tandberg Bente , Szczapa Tomasz , Wielenga Joke , Weis Janne , Pavicic Bosnjak Anita , Jonsdottir Rakel B. , George Kendall , Blomqvist Ylva T. , Bohlin Kajsa , Lehtonen Liisa ,   Separation, Closeness Experiences in Neonatal Environment (SCENE) research group
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine the potential association of family‐centred care as perceived by parents during a NICU stay with parents’ depressive symptoms at discharge and at 4 months corrected for infant age.DesignA longitudinal, multicentre cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in 23 NICUs across 15 countries.MethodsParents (n = 635 mothers, n = 466, fathers) of infants (n = 739) born before 35 weeks of gestation and admitted to the participating NICUs were enrolled to the study during the first weeks of their infants’ hospitalizations. They responded to Digi‐FCC daily text messages inquiring about their perception of family‐centred care provided by NICU staff. In addition, they completed a questionnaire assessing their overall perception of family‐centred care at discharge. Parents’ depressive symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at discharge and again after discharge when their infants were at 4 months corrected for age.ResultsThe mothers’ and the fathers’ perceptions of family‐centred care were associated with their depressive symptoms at discharge and at 4 months corrected age, controlling for gestational age, multiple birth, parent education and relationship status. Parents’ participation in infant care, care‐related decisions and emotional support provided to parents by staff explained the variation in the parents’ perceptions of family‐centred care. The factors facilitating the implementation of family‐centred care included unlimited access to the unit for the parents and for their significant others, as well as amenities for parents.ConclusionsOur study shows that family‐centred NICU care associates with parents’ depressive symptoms after a NICU stay.ImpactDepression is common in parents of preterm infants. The provision of family‐centred care may protect the mental well‐being of parents of preterm infants.
Estimation of breeding value and accuracy using pedigree and genotype of Hanwoo cows (Korean cattle)
Authors: Kim Eun‐Ho , Kang Ho‐Chan , Sun Du‐Won , Myung Cheol‐Hyun , Kim Ji‐Yeong , Lee Doo‐Ho , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Lim Hyun‐Tae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe genetic improvement of Hanwoo is dependent on the estimated breeding value (EBV) of pedigree‐based Korean proven bull's number, and the genetic evaluation for cows is difficult due to insufficient pedigree and test records. Genomic selection involves utilizing the individual's genotype to estimate the breeding value (BV) and is determined to be an appropriate evaluation method for cows who lack test information. This study used pedigree and genotype to estimate and analyse BV and accuracy of Hanwoo cows in the Gyeongnam area using pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). The test group acquired pedigree and genotype of 919 Hanwoo cows in the Gyeongnam area. The traits used for analysis were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle areas (EMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). PBLUP used Reference group 1 containing the pedigree and phenotype of 919 Hanwoo cows and 545,483 heads to construct the numeric relationship matrix and estimated the EBV and accuracy. GBLUP used Reference group 2 containing the genotype and phenotype of 919 Hanwoo cows and 17,226 heads to construct the genomic relationship matrix and estimated the genomic EBV (GEBV) and accuracy. In the order of CWT, EMA, BFT and MS, the accuracy of PBLUP was 0.488, 0.480, 0.482 and 0.486 while the accuracy of GBLUP was higher with 0.779, 0.758, 0.766 and 0.791. And for 104 cows without relationship coefficient on pedigree to the reference group, the accuracy as PBLUP was estimated to be 0, but for GBLUP, it was possible to estimate the accuracy for all individuals. If GBLUP is applied to cows raised in general farms, the genetic evaluation can be performed even on animals without pedigree and high‐accuracy estimation, enabling selection of excellent cows. Accordingly, by securing the genetic diversity of cows, it is expected to increase the profitability of farms by decreasing the inbreeding rate and increasing efficiency of elite calf production.
Colonization and extinction dynamics and their link to the distribution of European trees at the continental scale
Authors: Guyennon Arnaud , Reineking Björn , Dahlgren Jonas , Lehtonen Aleksi , Ratcliffe Sophia , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Zavala Miguel A. , Kunstler Georges 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe population processes that drive tree species distribution are still widely debated. We test the hypotheses that metapopulation processes of colonization and extinction are linked to predictions of species distribution models.LocationEurope: Spain, France, Germany, Finland and Sweden.TaxonAngiosperms and Gymnosperms.MethodsFor 17 tree species analysed, we fitted species distribution models (SDM) relating environmental variables to presence–absence data across Europe. Then, using independent data from national forest inventories across Europe, we tested whether colonization and extinction probabilities are related to SDM occurrence probabilities. Finally, we assessed the probability of presence at metapopulation equilibrium depending on colonization and extinction probabilities.ResultsWe found that for most species at least one process (colonization/extinction) is related to SDM occurrence probability, but rarely both (only two species). Depending on the species, the link was either for colonization or for extinction, but relationships were generally weak. In addition, the metapopulation models tended to overestimate the occurrence probability at equilibrium.Main conclusionsOur study shows that metapopulation processes are only weakly related to SDM occurrence probability and call for caution in extrapolating SDM models to metapopulation dynamics.