bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Some Novel Quinazolin-4(3H)-One Tethered 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole-Thiol Motifs as Direct Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Deshpande Anant , Dhawale Shashikant , Bari Sanjaykumar , Bonde Chandrakant 
Published: November 2021

Aims: In this study was two noteworthy pharmacophores quinazolin-4(3H)-one and 1,3,4-thiadiazole through methylene bridge were utilized to design, synthesize and characterize some novel 2-methyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one and 6-chloro-2-methyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one tethered S-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiol structural analogs respectively as direct Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors.
Study Design: Design of structural analogs of quinazolin-4(3H)-one tethered 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiol through methylene bridge by functional group modifications in core scaffold followed by computational studies to select promising compounds. Synthesis of some novel compounds, structural characterization and screening of biological activity of the same.
Methodology: The molecular docking of designed compunds was carried out using schrodinger Glide XP into the active site of MTB InhA with protein data bank code (PDB ID: 2H7M). The interactions were evaluated based on the glide G score compared with reference standard isoniazid. Ten new compounds 7(A1-A10) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antitubercular activity by Microplate Almar Blue Assay (MABA) method followed by cytotoxicity evaluation of compounds 7A4 and 7A10 using Vero cell line.
Results: All the designed compounds of series 7(A1-A10) had drug-like characteristics and were non-toxic to normal cells. In the molecular docking studies, compounds 7A4, 7A5, and 7A10 demonstrated strong binding affinity in the active region of MTB InhA protein and retained necessary amino acid interaction, similar to co-crystal 2H7M. Synthesized compounds 7(A1-A10) were found to have good antitubercular activity. Out of the series the compounds 7A4 and 7A10 were found to possess excellent antitubercular activity equipotent to reference standard streptomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25µg/ml. The cytotoxic potential of compounds 7A4 and 7A10 showed remarkable selectivity index against Vero cell line.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlights the importance of tethering two pharmacophoric motifs in one compound to develop novel antitubercular agents that can be exploited as promising leads as direct InhA inhibitors.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Psycho Education on Medication Adherence among Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Vanlalpeka Samuel , Sebastian Sr. Tessy , Gawai Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja 
Published: November 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most leading perplexing complications, that creates a problem in an individual in which there is a disturbance in their thinking, emotion, and volition in the presence of their clear consciousness. Rehospitalization and reoccurrence of the symptoms are very common among these patients if medication is not taken properly.
Objective: 1) To assess pre test level of medication adherence among Schizophrenic patients. 2) To assess the effectiveness of psycho education on medication adherence among Schizophrenic patients after intervention. 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of psycho education on medication adherence among Schizophrenic patients. 4) To associate the post test level of psycho education on medication adherence score with their selected demographic variables.
Methodology: It is an interventional research approach study, and it will be conducted among 60schizophrenic inpatients who were selected by using a non-probability purposive sampling technique in psychiatric departments at Acharya Vinoba Bhava Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. A standardized Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) will be used to collect the data.
Expected Outcome: It is expected that the psycho education given to the patient will be effective and thus improve their medication adherence.
Conclusions: Medication non-adherence is not a recent problem among schizophrenic patients; it is a problem that remains for a long-time. This study thus will provide recent data regarding the effectiveness of psycho education among schizophrenic patients.
A Review on Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Abdulaziz G. , Alahmari Ali Mohammed A. , Alsuayri Abdullah Hassan F. , Algomshah Abdullah Misfer M. , Almlfi Saeed Ghanem S. , Alamri Ayman Dhaifallah A. , Al-Akalbi Sara Saeed , Althunayan Kady Hassan , Alhammad Sarah Ibrahim Ali , Alhammad Wejdan Ibrahim Ali , Buarish Sadaf Esmail , Alsaleh Ahmad Abdullah A. , Alnamazi Noura Ali Abdullah , Alzayer Mariyah Ihab 
Published: November 2021

Cervical spondylosis is a term that encompasses a wide range of progressive degenerative changes that affect all components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, Luschka joints, flava ligaments, and laminae). It is a natural aging process and occurs in most people after the age of five. Most people with radiographic spondylotic changes in the cervical spine remain asymptomatic, and 25% of those under 40, 50% of those over 40, and 85% of those over 60 show some evidence of degenerative changes , including changes in the environment. Uncovertebral joints, facet joints, posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and yellow ligament lead to narrowing of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina. As a result, the spinal cord, spinal vasculature, and nerve roots can become compressed, leading to the three clinical syndromes that occur with cervical spondylosis: axial neck pain, cervical myelopathy, and cervical radiculopathy. Cervical spondylosis is usually diagnosed for clinical reasons only, but imaging is also required. Treatment for cervical spondylosis can be medical or surgical, depending on whether the patient has symptoms of myelopathy, radicular pain, or neck pain.
Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Resveratrol and Piperine in Its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Gaikwad Ankita , Shelar Madhuri , Andhale Ganesh , Kadam Jyoti 
Published: November 2021

Resveratrol is a plant compound that work as antioxidant and it also has anti-aging properties whereas Piperine is a alkaloid and it majorly used in spices. A HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) study is conducted for estimation of Resveratrol and Piperine. The Mobile phase used was Chloroform: Ethyl Acetate (50:50 v/v). Rf Value of Resveratrol 0.59 and Piperine 0.79 was found. Stationary phase of Silica gel 60 F254 was used. Densitometric analysis was performed at 325 nm. The method was found to be linear. Recovery (ranging from 97% to 102.24 %), limit of detection (40.26 ng/spot, 1.64 ng/spot respectively for resveratrol & piperine), limit of quantification (122.02 ng/spot, 4.98 ng/spot respectively for resveratrol & piperine) and precision (≤ 2.00%) were found to be satisfactory. Validation performed with linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Every parameter found within the range. The developed method allows to confirm that an accurate and reliable potency measurement of a pharmaceutical preparation can be performed.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Commiphora myrrh against Standard Bacterial Strains and Clinical Isolates with Chemical Analysis Profiling
Authors: Alasady Doaa , Mhadei Kwather H. , Naser Maryam Sabah 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The objective of present study was to investigate the chemical analysis biological activates of commiphora myrrh the chemical analysis of myrrh was analyzed several ways.
Study Design: Where wet digestion was used to estimate the concentrations of a number of chemical elements in it, which are of great importance to humans and are also attributed to many of its medicinal uses.
Place and Duration of Study: Clinical isolates from wound infections obtained from laboratory of Marjan Hospital Hilla city Iraq during period Fed. 2020 which include (four E. coli and 4 of S. aureus, and 4 pseudomonas aeruginosa ). All clinical isolates were classified and by laboratory of marjan hospital: Hilla city Iraq.
Methodology: In order to know the nature of the groups present in it, in addition to the quality of the organic materials, FTIR analysis and G.C analysis were used by using the ethanolic extract, where some of the organic materials within their compositions in identified.
Results: The antimicrobial potential of ethanolic extracts of myrrh were studied against many standard strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria and (12) clinical isolated from patients with wound infections obtained from the bacteriology section of the clinical microbiology laboratory of marjan hospital Hill city/Iraq during period Feb. 2020 to Nov. 2020. The clinical isolates include (4) isolates of staphylococcus aureus, (4) isolates of E.coli and (4) isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, and it was confirmed using the usual methods of diagnosis. The broth dilution method was used for determination of the MICs of (minimal inhibitory concentration) of myrrh extract against pathogens under study. Six concentration (80, 60, 30, 12, 6, 3 mg/mL) of myrrh extracts were tested.
Conclusion: The result revealed that the highest activity was against S. Aureus at concentration (80, 60, 30 mg/mL) which showed completely inhibition of the growth (100%). While the gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P. auroginosa the concentration (80 – 60 mg/mL) showed 100% inhibition in contrast the concentration (12, 6, 3 mg/mL) showed no activity of myrrh extract against all pathogens under study. The result indicates that myrrh is an antibacterial agent that can be used in the future by making appropriate doses.
Impact of Safety Measures in Endoscopic Procedures in Health Care Professionals during Corona Virus Pandemic
Authors: Kumur Harish , Malik Jibran Saeed 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: During the Corona Virus Disease-19 outbreak, it is believed that ten percent of all health care professionals (HCPs) were affected. HCPs' safety measures have changed because of aerosol-generating techniques. As a result, we looked at the effectiveness of endoscopic safety measures and prevalence among HCPs who operate in an endoscopy unit.
Methods: Techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum-assay were used to assess the COVID-19 status of 117 healthcare workers (HCWs). It has been shown that the existence of the COVID-19 is related to demographic variables, work profile, location of employment, & medical history in research.
Results: 38 HCWs tested positive for COVID-19 using either a PCR assay (23.93%) or simply an IgG testing (32.48 percent) (8.55%). COVID-19 incidence was significantly greater (P = 0.003) among endoscopy technicians when compared to doctors (68.75% (20.69%). Those who worked in critical care units were shown to be more susceptible to COVID-19 (42.86%). One hundred and sixty-six healthcare workers who received enough hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were tested for COVID-19, and none were positive. Everyone who had been exposed to COVID-19 recovered. There was also a substantial decrease in the number of "man-days" worked.
Conclusion: We discovered a statistically significant COVID-19 risk among healthcare workers in the Gastroenterology department, with endoscopy technologists having the highest risk. More stringent triaging & pre-testing of patients and healthcare workers may help to decrease the risk of COVID-19 infection. Additional multicenter studies are needed to further understand the risk and its related variables.
Implementing Sustainable Development Goals in India: Progress So Far
Authors: Chatterjee Sumana 
Published: November 2021

As the world inches towards 2030, there is barely a precious decade left towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Given the socio-economic fragility of the economies proven during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes imperative to strive maximum in order to achieve a harmony between economic, environmental and social progress in these economies. With 17.7% of share in the total world population, India has a very high degree of responsibility towards achievement of world SDGs. The spill over score for India is 98.8 which implies that India is in a strong position to create very positive spillover effects to other countries. With a federal structure comprising of 28 states and 8 UTs, the progress made by the Indian economy will depend on the progress made by these states and UTs.
In this context the current article is an attempt to understand the extent of progress made in India towards achieving the various sustainable development goals. The analysis of the progress made on the various SDG goals is done at two levels: Global Level and State level. At a global level, a comparison is done on the progress of SDGs made in India with other developed and developing economies respectively. To do the comparison the economies have been ranked on the basis of their progress in SDG goal achievement based on UN reports and their per capita incomes. This comparison is done to understand whether wealthier nations are faring better in the achievement of SDGs. An important finding from this table is that the countries with highest per capita income do not necessarily have the highest rankings. This finding could have very meaningful implications on policy making and resource mobilization for the various goals in under developed and developing economies, including India. Further the analysis progress on various SDGs is done at a state level for India. This analysis is done to understand which states are doing good in terms of goal achievement and which states are lagging behind. The state level analysis can also point out to the best practices that are in practice and which can be adapted by other lagging states. The analysis is done based on the Global Sustainable Development Report as well as the Sustainable Development Report prepared by NITI Ayog, Government of India. As the Central government as well as the State governments along with various stakeholders make efforts towards achieving these goals, a macro level analysis of the progress made on these goals can help in course correction at the correct time and thus optimize precious time and resources.
Identification and U‐control of a state‐space system with time‐delay
Authors: Gu Ya , Zhu Quanmin , Nouri Hassan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis article presents a state‐space model with time‐delay to map the relationship between known input‐output data for discrete systems. For the given input‐output data, a model identification algorithm combining parameter estimation and state estimation is proposed in line with the causality constraints. Consequently, this article proposes a least squares parameter estimation algorithm, and analyzes its convergence for the studied systems to prove that the parameter estimation errors converge to zero under the persistent excitation conditions. In control system design, the U‐model based control is introduced to provide a unilateral platform to improve the design efficiency and generality. A simulation portfolio from modeling to control is provided with computational experiments to validate the derived results.
Do post‐harvest crop residues in no‐till systems provide for nitrogen needs of following crops?
Authors: Alghamdi Rashad S. , Cihacek Larry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreased adoption of no‐till systems in the Northern Plains has led to an increased volume of post‐harvest crop residue. A cool climate coupled with short growing seasons benefits from a conservation tillage approach by increasing water storage in semi‐arid areas where weather conditions are variable each year. The short frost‐free period presents challenges for residue decomposition and the subsequent nutrient uptake period is reduced in heavy accumulated crop fields. A combination of soil management practices can be used to optimize nutrient utilization, particularly for nitrogen (N), including the use of cover crops, crop rotation and diversification, and variances in fertilizer form, method, and timing. Despite many management practices being effective in conserving N in the soil, they still may not meet nutrient demands for succeeding crops in short season and water‐ and N‐limited environments. Decomposition of crop residue is dependent on soil moisture, soil temperature, and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of crop residue. Generally, post‐harvest crop residues have a wider C/N ratio than aged residue that accumulates on the soil surface over time. Adding fertilizer N may reduce the immobilization of nutrients near the soil surface of a post‐harvest residue in heavily accumulated crop fields, making it more available for utilization by plants. Recommendations for fertilizer N rates are inconsistent throughout the northern US for long‐term no‐till systems. This review highlights several decades of known research yet points to the continued gaps needed for producers to fully support fertilizer N recommendations for no‐till systems in temperate climates.
Workers' compensation prescription medication patterns and associated outcomes
Authors: Freeman Andrew , Davis Kermit G. , Ying Jun , Lang David A. , Huth Jeffery R. , Liu Peihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries is a complex decision where benefits must be balanced with risk. Previous research has shown an association between higher opioid doses and adverse health effects. The study's objective was to investigate whether opioid prescriptions are associated with increased costs and deaths through an injury mechanism or as a direct result of the opioid prescription.MethodsData for 144,553 deidentified Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation claims from 2010 to 2014 with shoulder, knee, and low back injuries were obtained and followed until 2016. Each claim had associated prescription information. Injury claims were further classified using the allowed diagnoses by single or multiple body areas affected and injury severity (“simple” or “complex”). The outcome variables were medical and indemnity costs, lost days, MaxMED (maximum claim‐prescribed daily morphine equivalent dose), and death status. Association between maximum opioid dose with deaths was determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsSeveral outcome variables, including claim medical and indemnity costs, and the likelihood of claimant death, showed significant associations with the MaxMED. In the analysis of claim deaths, these associations held for all claim types (except complex), even after adjusting for age, gender, surgery, and lost time.ConclusionThe association between increasing opioid doses and deaths for low‐severity diagnoses was disturbing given the lack of demonstrated efficacy of opioids for treatment of minor injuries. A focus on provider education, increased utilization of non‐opioids, and early intervention for minor soft‐tissue injuries could reduce claims costs, disability, and future deaths.
A Defective Nanotube Molecule of C552H496N24 with Pyridinic and Pyrrolic Nitrogen Atoms
Authors: Ikemoto Koki , Harada Shotaro , Yang Seungmin , Matsuno Taisuke , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 3‐nm molecule comprising a cylindrical core and cross‐shaped rims was designed and synthesized by developing a modular synthetic route. By using a cyclic precursor from previous studies as a starting material, multiple carbazole units were installed at the rims of the defective cylinder. The defective cylinder was synthetically doped with two types of nitrogen atoms, that is, pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen atoms, which resulted in solvatochromic shifts in fluorescence by charge‐transfer interactions. The structure of the large, C552H496N24 molecule was fully disclosed by crystallographic analyses, and the unique helical arrangement of nitrogen‐doped cylinders in the crystal was revealed.
Influence of overfire air rate of the two‐channel overfire air on flow and combustion characteristics in a 600‐MWe boiler
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Ti Shuguang , Jin Haoze , Wang Hong , Gao Ke , Liu Yang , Li Jinfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo solve the problem of high NOx emission of 600‐MWe boilers in power plants, we established a cold gas–solid modeling testbed scaled by 1:5 for two‐channel overfire air (OFA). A phase‐Doppler anemometer was used to measure the characteristics of the outlet flow field of the two‐channel OFA under different OFA rates. We also verified the industrial feasibility of this testbed under loads of 300 and 600 MWe. The influence of the OFA rate on the divergence angle of the outlet jet was small: When the OFA rate was increased from 15% to 35%, the divergence angle only increased by 2.2°. The attenuation of the axial velocity of the outlet jet increases with increasing OFA rate. For OFA rates of 15% and 25%, the jet penetration depth was between 1.5d and 2.5d (where d is the cone diameter of the OFA model in the cold‐flow experiments). When the OFA rate was 35%, the jet penetration depth was between 2.5d and 3.5d. The jet maintained about 17% O2 concentration at 1.4 m (about 11d) in the furnace under different boiler loads, and the concentration of emitted NOx increased with decreasing load. Based on these findings, we propose the use of two‐stage OFA: The jet at the outlet of the first‐stage OFA ports should have a larger jet‐divergence angle, and the other stage should have a larger jet‐penetration depth to realize full mixing with the flue gas and to ensure high burnout and low NOx emission.
Maleated soybean oil derivatives as versatile reactive diluents: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation
Authors: Pellegrene Brittany , Hammer Theodore J. , Pugh Coleen , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFour maleated soybean oil (SBO) derivatives were synthesized and used as bio‐based reactive diluents (RDs) for alkyd coating systems. The RDs were prepared in a two‐step fashion: (a) Maleation of SBO with maleic anhydride (MA) via an ene reaction followed by (b) a nucleophilic acyl substitution of the grafted succinic anhydride with allyl‐ or methacrylate‐functional molecules. The structures were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 13C‐1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR, 13C‐1H heteronuclear multiple bond correlation NMR spectroscopy, FT‐IR (ATR) spectroscopy, and MALDI‐ToF‐MS. The 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques helped confirm that MA was successfully grafted onto SBO. FT‐IR spectroscopy identified new absorption bands at 1780 and 1850 cm−1, following the maleation reaction, corresponding to the anhydride functionality. Alkyd coating formulations were prepared with either 0, 10, 20, or 30 wt% of the different RDs. Brookfield viscosity measurements were conducted on the formulations to measure the efficiency of the SBO‐based RDs. At 20 wt% loading level, the RDs typically reduced the viscosity of the base alkyd resin by 50%–60%. Coatings tests and gel content measurements were also conducted in order to understand the effects that these RDs had on the performance of the alkyd coatings.