bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips
Authors: Harris Michael D. , Shepherd Molly C. , Song Ke , Gaffney Brecca M. M. , Hillen Travis J. , Harris‐Hayes Marcie , Clohisy John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is strongly associated with an increased risk for hip osteoarthritis. Skeletal deformities undeniably contribute to detrimental biomechanical loading in dysplastic hips, but cannot explain all types of damage and symptoms that patients with DDH experience. Characterizing the geometry and function of the muscles spanning the hip is a logical next step in our progression of knowledge about DDH pathomechanics. In this study, we compared skeletal geometry, muscle volumes, intramuscular fatty infiltration, moment arms, and isometric strength in patients with DDH (N = 20) to healthy controls (N = 15). Femoral coverage was significantly less in patients (p < 0.001, Cohen's d effect size = 2.2), femoral neck‐shaft angles were larger (p = 0.001, d = 1.3), and hip joint centers (HJCs) were more lateral (p = 0.001, d = 1.3). These skeletal abnormalities were associated with smaller abductor muscle moment arms in patients with DDH (e.g., gluteus medius [GMED]: p = 0.001, d = 1.2). Patients with DDH also had larger GMED volumes (p = 0.02, d = 0.83), but no differences in fatty infiltration, compared to controls. Isometric strength of the hip abductors, extensors, and flexors was lower in patients, but not significantly different from controls. The abnormal skeletal geometry, lateralized HJC, and reduced muscle moment arms represent a chronic biomechanical disadvantage under which patients with DDH operate. This phenomenon causes increased demand on the abductor muscles and results in high medially and superiorly directed joint reaction forces, which can explain reports of superomedial femoral cartilage damage in patients. The abnormal muscle geometry and function, in context with abnormal skeletal structure, are likely strong, but underappreciated, contributors to damaging loads in DDH.
Loss of HER2‐positivity following neoadjuvant targeted therapy for breast cancer is not associated with inferior oncologic outcomes
Authors: Wetzel Catherine L. , Sutton Thomas L. , Gardiner Stuart , Farinola Maryam , Johnson Nathalie , Garreau Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer are treated with trastuzumab‐based neoadjuvant therapy (NAT); some patients with residual disease post‐NAT show loss of HER2 amplification and has been inconsistently associated with oncologic outcomes.MethodsWe queried our multi‐institutional cancer registry for women with HER2‐positive breast cancer undergoing NAT from 2011 to 2018. Clinicopathologic, treatment‐related, and outcomes data were collected. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to evaluate oncologic outcomes.ResultsA total of 348 patients were identified; 166 (48%) had a pathologic complete response. Of the 182 patients with residual disease, 87 (48%) were HER2‐positive, 34 (19%) were HER2‐negative, and 61 (33%) were HER2‐unknown, with a median follow‐up of 44 months. There were no factors associated with HER2 loss apart from age. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, estimated 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with HER2‐positive residual disease was 81% and 92%, respectively, and 74% (log rank p = 0.75) and 81% (p = 0.35) in patients with HER2‐negative residual disease.ConclusionThe loss of HER2‐positivity following NAT is not associated with worse 5‐year RFS or OS. We do not recommend retesting HER2 status following NAT for the purpose of clinical management; these patients should complete targeted adjuvant therapy.
Role of three‐phase solvent system in the counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Jing Jun‐Xian , Pei Dong , Di Duo‐Long , Huang Xin‐Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn counter‐current chromatography, the separation efficiency greatly depends on the partitioning ability of the separated substance between the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Partitioning ability is mainly represented by the parameter partition coefficient which is one of the important parameters to evaluate the separation effect of counter‐current chromatography. The scope of the partition coefficient value mainly depends on the solvent system. A suitable solvent system election is, therefore, a critical role in the separation of counter‐current chromatography. The existing solvent systems that are widely used are mainly two‐phase solvent systems. It is difficult to decide on an appropriate solvent system for the separation of compounds with a wide polarity range, which promotes the development of the three‐phase solvent system in counter‐current chromatography. This review mainly described the origin, development history of three‐phase solvent system, summarized the volume ratios and volume fractions of the upper, middle, and lower phases of nearly 50 three‐phase solvent systems, their advantages, and disadvantages in counter‐current chromatography. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives on three‐phase solvent systems in counter‐current chromatography also are discussed in this review.
Hearing Aid Use in Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Stenerson Matthew , Ronner Evette A. , Leonard Heidi J. , Aungst Holle , Stiles Derek J. , Levesque Patricia A. , Kenna Margaret A. , Anne Samantha , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisIn children with mild to moderately severe unilateral hearing loss (UHL), assess whether subject‐reported quality of life (QOL) and teacher‐ and parent‐reported perception of listening difficulty are affected by use of a hearing aid (HA) with baseline accommodations, compared to children receiving only baseline accommodations.Study DesignRandomized crossover clinical trial.MethodsThirty‐seven children 6–12 years of age with mild to moderately severe UHL and ≥80% word recognition scores in the poorer hearing ear were randomized into arm 1, using baseline accommodations (frequency‐modulated system and strategic seating) for 12 weeks, followed by addition of a HA for 12 weeks. The other participants were randomized into the reverse methodology: arm 2, using a HA in addition to baseline accommodations for 12 weeks, followed by baseline accommodations alone. Surveys of QOL (Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life) and listening difficulties or challenges with hearing amplification (CHILD and LIFE‐R questionnaires) were administered at 6‐week intervals. Differences in mean survey scores, percent change, and improvement over time were computed between the two arms and inter‐arm intervals. Per‐protocol analysis was used.ResultsOf the 37 children enrolled, 34 children underwent the study interventions and were included in the analysis, (arm 1 = 20, arm 2 = 14) (mean [standard deviation] age = 8 [1.5] years; 21 boys [61.8%]). Survey scores averaged across both arms during the HA interval (77.79 [15.13]) were significantly higher than during the baseline‐only interval (69.67 [14.69], P = .036). There was no significant difference between trial arms in mean scores between the two HA intervals (P = .450) and two baseline‐only intervals (P = .539).ConclusionsHearing‐related QOL and listening ability improved in children who met eligibility criteria with mild to moderately severe UHL with HA use compared with baseline accommodations alone. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02269124.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 132:881–888, 2022
Clinical outcomes of head and neck cancer patients who refuse curative therapy in pursuit of alternative medicine
Authors: Balogh Lauren C. , Matthews T. Wayne , Schrag Christiaan , Elebro Karin A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the alarming trend of curable head and neck cancer (HNC) patients forgoing conventional treatment to pursue alternative medicine (AM).MethodsA prospectively maintained database identified HNC patients with ≥12 weeks from diagnosis to treatment initiation between 2012 and 2017. Reasons for delay were categorized and clinical stages and outcomes of AM patients were assessed through chart review by December 2019.ResultsAmong 1462 patients with primary HNC, 68 patients (4.7%) were confirmed to delay initiation of potentially curative treatment, and 19 of these patients (28%) delayed treatment to pursue AM. Eleven of 19 AM patients transitioned from curative intent to palliation while exploring AM. Continued treatment rejection was common and outcomes corresponded to patients' degree of treatment adherence.ConclusionsAM caused treatment delay and poor outcomes in potentially curable HNC. Improved knowledge among physicians regarding AM and complementary approaches is urgently needed to improve patient counseling.Level of EvidenceLevel 2c outcomes research.
Bioremediation of Copper‐Ions by Polymer Encapsulated and Immobilized Micrococcus Luteus
Authors: Mafi Mahsa , Greiner Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBioremediation of copper (Cu2+) with immobilized Micrococcus luteus in polymer matrices has been broadly studied for a wide range of applications including wastewater treatment. Herein, the bioremediation efficiency based on modified immobilization techniques and by the addition of Cu2+ is investigated. Porous composite nonwovens with living M. luteus (living polymer composites) are prepared by encapsulation of the bacterial cells in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microparticles (M. luteus/PVA microparticles) produced by spray drying method. The M. luteus/PVA microparticles are chemically cross‐linked. The hydrogel microparticles with encapsulated M. luteus are embedded in a nonwoven of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) electrospun short fibers provided by wet‐laid method. Two different models of composite nonwovens are reported, in which the place position of the hydrogel PVA microparticles with encapsulated M. luteus and PLA nonwoven can affect the bioremediation process.
Study on the spinnability and mechanical properties of aspirator aided melt‐spun binary blends polypropylene fibers
Authors: Qu Muchao , Qin Yijing , Zhu Kai , Schubert Dirk W. , Lu Dong , Wu Siman , Xie Zixin , Han Lei , Gao Qun , Bier Alexander , Du Canyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, polypropylene (PP) binary blends with obviously different molecular weight were produced and melt spun using a capillary rheometer aided with an aspirator for aerodynamic stretching for the first time. A comprehensive processing map on the spinnability of all the seven PP blends regarding to three extrusion speeds and six take‐up pressures was originally presented. According to a detailed investigation on the diameter information and tensile properties of all the PP fibers (modulus, tenacity, elongation at break), the optimum processing parameters of the advanced technology of aspirator for preparing PP fibers were revealed: processing temperature at 250°C, extrusion speed at 0.075 mm/s and take‐up pressure at 1.5 bar. Most importantly, the reliability of a novel mathematic model was verified to predict PP fiber diameters in this study, which provides practical guidance for the research or mass production of PP blend fibers in the academia and industry.
MoS2‐decorated talc hybrid for improving the tribological property of Nomex/PTFE fabric composites
Authors: Li Peilong , Zhang Zhaozhu , Yang Mingming , Yuan Junya , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProducing self‐lubricating fabric composites with excellent wear resistance and long service life is desired for their use in practical application, yet still challenging. Therefore, a novel nanoparticle of talc‐molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) hybrid nanosheets was synthesized via one‐step hydrothermal reaction in this work and incorporated into the Nomex/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) self‐lubricating fabric composites. The spectroscopic and microscopic characterization demonstrated that the talc‐MoS2 nanosheets were successfully synthesized. The talc‐MoS2 nanosheets exhibit the obvious layered structure and covered with MoS2. The effect of talc‐MoS2 hybrid nanosheets on the tribological performance of fabric composites was systematically evaluated by tri‐pin on disk tribometer. The results show that the talc‐MoS2 nanosheets increased the thermal stability, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and hardness of composite and was favorable for forming high‐quality transfer film on the surface of counterpart pin during the wear process owing to the cooperation effect of talc‐MoS2. The wear rate of talc‐MoS2‐reinforced composite was reduced by 30%–53% under different conditions compared with pure fabric composite.
Striatal GABA level is associated with sensory integration ability in individuals with low levels of negative schizotypy
Authors: Cai Xin‐Lu , Li Gai‐Ying , Wang Ling‐Ling , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Wang Yi , Yan Chao , Lui Simon S. Y. , Li Jian‐Qi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent studies suggest that altered gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) function may result in multisensory integration deficits in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether the GABA level is abnormal in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits and how it would correlate with sensory integration ability in these individuals. This study aimed to compare the GABA level between individuals with high and low levels of negative schizotypy, and examine the relationship between GABA levels and sensory integration ability in each group. In vivo GABA+ and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in the striatum were measured using proton magnetic resonance imaging in 19 participants with high levels of negative schizotypy and 21 participants with low levels of negative schizotypy. The Sensory Integration subscale of the abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory was used. We examined the group differences in GABA+/NAA levels, and the correlation between striatal GABA+/NAA levels and sensory integration ability in each group. The two groups showed comparable levels of in‐vivo GABA+/NAA. In‐vivo GABA+/NAA levels were negatively correlated with sensory integration score in participants with low levels of negative schizotypy, but not in participants with high levels of negative schizotypy. Our findings indicate that the increased GABA level is correlated with better sensory integration ability in individuals with low levels of negative schizotypy, implicating the role of GABAergic function in multisensory integration. Unlike schizophrenia patients, individuals with high levels of schizotypy do not exhibit any abnormality in their GABAergic system and sensory integration ability.
Raman spectroscopy‐based diagnostics of water deficit and salinity stresses in two accessions of peanut
Authors: Morey Rohini , Farber Charles , McCutchen Bill , Burow Mark D. , Simpson Charles , Kurouski Dmitry , Cason John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater deficit and salinity are two major abiotic stresses that have tremendous effect on crop yield worldwide. Timely identification of these stresses can help limit associated yield loss. Confirmatory detection and identification of water deficit stress can also enable proper irrigation management. Traditionally, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based imaging and satellite‐based imaging, together with visual field observation, are used for diagnostics of such stresses. However, these approaches can only detect salinity and water deficit stress at the symptomatic stage. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a noninvasive and nondestructive technique that can identify and detect plant biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated accuracy of Raman‐based diagnostics of water deficit and salinity stresses on two greenhouse‐grown peanut accessions: tolerant and susceptible to water deficit. Plants were grown for 76 days prior to application of the water deficit and salinity stresses. Water deficit treatments received no irrigation for 5 days, and salinity treatments received 1.0 L of 240‐mM salt water per day for the duration of 5‐day sampling. Every day after the stress was imposed, plant leaves were collected and immediately analyzed by a hand‐held Raman spectrometer. RS and chemometrics could identify control and stressed (either water deficit or salinity) susceptible plants with 95% and 80% accuracy just 1 day after treatment. Water deficit and salinity stressed plants could be differentiated from each other with 87% and 86% accuracy, respectively. In the tolerant accessions at the same timepoint, the identification accuracies were 66%, 65%, 67%, and 69% for control, combined stresses, water deficit, and salinity stresses, respectively. The high selectivity and specificity for presymptomatic identification of abiotic stresses in the susceptible line provide evidence for the potential of Raman‐based surveillance in commercial‐scale agriculture and digital farming.
Nutrition and growth in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Bauer Sarah E. , Vanderpool Charles P. B. , Ren Clement , Cristea Aura Ioana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common late morbidity of preterm birth. Ongoing clinical care and research have largely focused on the pathogenesis and prevention of BPD in preterm infants. However, preterm infants who develop BPD have significant medical needs that persist throughout their neonatal intensive care unit course and continue post‐discharge, including those associated with growth and nutrition. The objective of this manuscript was to provide a review on nutrition and growth in infants with established BPD after discharge from the hospital and to identify the knowledge and research gaps to provide direction for future studies.
How a Conformally Flat Impacts Gauss‐Bonnet Gravity?
Authors: De Avik , Loo Tee‐How , Solanki Raja , Sahoo P.K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFirst and foremost, we show that a 4‐dimensional conformally flat generalized Ricci recurrent spacetime is an Einstein manifold. We examine such a spacetime as a solution of ‐gravity theory and it is shown that the additional terms from the modification of the gravitational sector can be expressed as a perfect fluid. Several energy conditions are investigated with and . For both the models, weak, null and dominant energy conditions are satisfied while strong energy condition is violated, which is a good agreement with the recent observational studies which reveals that the current universe is in accelerating phase.
Evolutionary and structural constraints influencing apolipoprotein A‐I amyloid behavior
Authors: Gisonno Romina A. , Masson Tomas , Ramella Nahuel A. , Barrera Exequiel E. , Romanowski Víctor , Tricerri M. Alejandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) has a key function in the reverse cholesterol transport. However, aggregation of apoA‐I single point mutants can lead to hereditary amyloid pathology. Although several studies have tackled the biophysical and structural consequences introduced by these mutations, there is little information addressing the relationship between the evolutionary and structural features that contribute to the amyloid behavior of apoA‐I. We combined evolutionary studies, in silico mutagenesis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide a comprehensive analysis of the conservation and pathogenic role of the aggregation‐prone regions (APRs) present in apoA‐I. Sequence analysis demonstrated that among the four amyloidogenic regions described for human apoA‐I, only two (APR1 and APR4) are evolutionary conserved across different species of Sarcopterygii. Moreover, stability analysis carried out with the FoldX engine showed that APR1 contributes to the marginal stability of apoA‐I. Structural properties of full‐length apoA‐I models suggest that aggregation is avoided by placing APRs into highly packed and rigid portions of its native fold. Compared to silent variants extracted from the gnomAD database, the thermodynamic and pathogenic impact of amyloid mutations showed evidence of a higher destabilizing effect. MD simulations of the amyloid variant G26R evidenced the partial unfolding of the alpha‐helix bundle with the concomitant exposure of APR1 to the solvent, suggesting an insight into the early steps involved in its aggregation. Our findings highlight APR1 as a relevant component for apoA‐I structural integrity and emphasize a destabilizing effect of amyloid variants that leads to the exposure of this region.
Randomised preconditioning for the forcing formulation of weak‐constraint 4D‐Var
Authors: Daužickaitė Ieva , Lawless Amos S. , Scott Jennifer A. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is growing awareness that errors in the model equations cannot be ignored in data assimilation methods such as four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var). If allowed for, more information can be extracted from observations, longer time windows are possible, and the minimisation process is easier, at least in principle. Weak‐constraint 4D‐Var estimates the model error and minimises a series of quadratic cost functions, which can be achieved using the conjugate gradient (CG) method; minimising each cost function is called an inner loop. CG needs preconditioning to improve its performance. In previous work, limited‐memory preconditioners (LMPs) have been constructed using approximations of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hessian in the previous inner loop. If the Hessian changes significantly in consecutive inner loops, the LMP may be of limited usefulness. To circumvent this, we propose using randomised methods for low‐rank eigenvalue decomposition and use these approximations to construct LMPs cheaply using information from the current inner loop. Three randomised methods are compared. Numerical experiments in idealized systems show that the resulting LMPs perform better than the existing LMPs. Using these methods may allow more efficient and robust implementations of incremental weak‐constraint 4D‐Var.
Dynamic event‐triggered communication based distributed optimization
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Lunze Jan , Sun Yuangong , Lu Zehuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article presents distributed continuous‐time algorithms with dynamic event‐triggered communication, called the dynamic event‐triggered algorithms, to solve a convex optimization problem in a multiagent network. Firstly, a new dynamic event‐triggered communication scheme is introduced and it is shown that the optimization problem is solved and occurrence of Zeno behavior is prevented. Secondly, under the dynamic event‐triggered communication implementations, both uniform and logarithmic quantized information algorithms are given to solve the optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived results.