bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Indeterminate and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Is a Novel Group at High Risk of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes
Authors: Potter Kathryn J , Reynaud Quitterie , Boudreau Valérie , Racine Florence , Tremblay François , Lavoie Annick , Carricart Maite , Mailhot Geneviève , Durieu Isabelle , Senior Peter A , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Indeterminate glycemia (INDET) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are independently associated with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) risk. We determined whether patients meeting both criteria have increased risk of diabetes in 2 separate adult cohorts.

Methods
The Montreal Cystic Fibrosis Cohort (MCFC; n = 293 baseline and 198 for prospective analysis excluding subjects identified with incident CFRD at baseline) and the Lyon cystic fibrosis cohort [Determination of the Predictive Factors in the Reversibility or the Aggravation in the Disorders of the Glucose Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis Patients (DIAMUCO); n = 144/105] are prospective observational cohorts.

Results
In the MCFC and DIAMUCO cohorts, mean age was 25.5 ± 7.7 and 25.0 ± 8.6 years; body mass index, 21.7 ± 3.0 and 20.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2; percentage of forced expiratory volume expired in 1 sec, 73.2 ± 22.1 and 62.5 ± 21.9; and follow-up, 6.9 ± 3.8 and 2.4 ± 1.2 years, respectively. In the MCFC cohort, the IGT only and combined INDET and IGT (INDET + IGT) groups had greater risk of CFRD (P = 0.0109). In the DIAMUCO cohort, there was lower diabetes-free survival in the INDET + IGT group (P = 0.0105). In both cohorts, CFRD risk ranged from 17% in normal glucose tolerance patients up to 42% to 56% in patients with INDET + IGT.

Conclusion
Patients who meet combined criteria have a higher risk of developing diabetes probably justifying closer follow-up.
Decreased KATP Channel Activity Contributes to the Low Glucose Threshold for Insulin Secretion of Rat Neonatal Islets
Authors: Yang Juxiang , Hammoud Batoul , Li Changhong , Ridler Abigail , Yau Daphne , Kim Junil , Won Kyoung-Jae , Stanley Charles A , Hoshi Toshinori , Stanescu Diana E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Transitional hypoglycemia in normal newborns occurs in the first 3 days of life and has clinical features consistent with hyperinsulinism. We found a lower threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from freshly isolated embryonic day (E) 22 rat islets, which persisted into the first postnatal days. The threshold reached the adult level by postnatal day (P) 14. Culturing P14 islets also decreased the glucose threshold. Freshly isolated P1 rat islets had a lower threshold for insulin secretion in response to 2-aminobicyclo-(2, 2, 1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a nonmetabolizable leucine analog, and diminished insulin release in response to tolbutamide, an inhibitor of β-cell KATP channels. These findings suggested that decreased KATP channel function could be responsible for the lower glucose threshold for insulin secretion. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis did not reveal a lower expression of KATP subunit genes in E22 compared with P14 β cells. The investigation of electrophysiological characteristics of dispersed β cells showed that early neonatal and cultured cells had fewer functional KATP channels per unit membrane area. Our findings suggest that decreased surface density of KATP channels may contribute to the observed differences in glucose threshold for insulin release.
The Ethical Life of Counter-Communities
Authors: Loick Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the normative structure of counter-communities. These communities do not simply fulfill a compensatory function for excluded or oppressed groups; their specific sociality is transcendent of society at large. The article outlines this notion of the “superiority of the subjugated” with Hegel and explains its social-theoretical relevance by turning to Marx and Engels. This tradition of thought offers two explanations for the superiority of subjugated sociality, one that relies on a philosophy of history (the servant's way of existence anticipates a coming sociality), and one that relies on anthropological premises (servants have an already-present access to specific social potentials of their species being that the masters are missing). After considering these two options with regard to the proletariat as a form of subjugated sociality, the article makes the case for a general theory of the ethical life of counter-communities and applies it to the examples of queer and diasporic forms of collectivity. In closing, the article explores the success conditions of counter-collectivization as well as names some social-theoretical implications.
Glypican 4 regulates planar cell polarity of endoderm cells by controlling the localization of Cadherin 2
Authors: Balaraju Anurag Kakkerla , Hu Bo , Rodriguez Juan J. , Murry Matthew , Lin Fang 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling has been implicated in endoderm morphogenesis. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are unclear. We found that, during convergence and extension (C&E) in zebrafish, gut endodermal cells are polarized mediolaterally, with GFP-Vangl2 enriched at the anterior edges. Endoderm cell polarity is lost and intercalation is impaired in the absence of glypican 4 (gpc4), a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan that promotes Wnt/PCP signaling, suggesting that this signaling is required for endodermal cell polarity. Live imaging revealed that endoderm C&E is accomplished by polarized cell protrusions and junction remodeling, which are impaired in gpc4-deficient endodermal cells. Furthermore, in the absence of gpc4, Cadherin 2 expression on the endodermal cell surface is increased as a result of impaired Rab5c-mediated endocytosis, which partially accounts for the endodermal defects in these mutants. These findings indicate that Gpc4 regulates endodermal planar cell polarity during endoderm C&E by influencing the localization of Cadherin 2. Thus, our study uncovers a new mechanism by which Gpc4 regulates planar cell polarity and reveals the role of Wnt/PCP signaling in endoderm morphogenesis.
High-sensitivity frequency modulation CARS with a compact and fast tunable fiber-based light source
Authors: Würthwein Thomas , Brinkmann Maximilian , Hellwig Tim , Wallmeier Kristin , Fallnich Carsten 
Published: June 2021

Frequency modulation (FM) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is presented, using a compact as well as fast and widely tunable fiber-based light source. With this light source, Raman resonances between

700

c
m

−
1

and

3200

c
m

−
1

can be addressed via wavelength tuning within only 5 ms, which allows for FM CARS measurements with frame-to-frame wavelength switching. Moreover, the functionality for high-sensitivity FM CARS measurements was integrated by means of fiber optics to keep a stable and reliable operation. The light source accomplished FM CARS measurements with a 40 times enhanced sensitivity at a lock-in amplifier (LIA) bandwidth of 1 Hz. For fast imaging with frame-to-frame wavelength switching at a LIA bandwidth of 1 MHz, an 18-fold contrast enhancement could be verified, making this light source ideal for routine and out-of-lab FM CARS measurements for medical diagnostics or environmental sensing.
AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet micro-LED emitting at 275 nm
Authors: Yu Huabin , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Wang Danhao , Ren Zhongjie , Zhang Haochen , Huang Chen , Tian Meng , Sun Haiding , Long Shibing 
Published: June 2021

The investigation of electrical and optical properties of micro-scale AlGaN deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at

∼

275

n
m

was carried out, with an emphasis on fabricated devices having a diameter of 300, 200, 100, 50, and 20 µm, respectively. It was revealed that the LED chips with smaller mesa areas deliver considerably higher light output power density; meanwhile, they can sustain a higher current density, which is mainly attributed to the enhanced current spreading uniformity in micro-scale chips. Importantly, when the diameter of LED chips decreases from 300 µm to 20 µm, the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) increases by 20%, and the EQE peak current density can be boosted from

8.85

A

/

c
m

2

and

99.52

A

/

c
m

2

. Moreover, we observed a longer wavelength emission with enlarged full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the LEDs with smaller chip sizes because of the self-heating effect at high current injection. These experimental observations provide insights into the design and fabrication of high-efficiency micro-LEDs emitting in the DUV regime with different device geometries for various future applications.
Early recognition of peripheral intravenous catheter failure using serial ultrasonographic assessments
Authors: Bahl Amit , Johnson Steven , Mielke Nicholas , Karabon Patrick 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure occurs frequently, but the underlying mechanisms of failure are poorly understood. We aim to identify ultrasonographic factors that predict impending PIVC failure prior to clinical exam.

Methods
We conducted a single site prospective observational investigation at an academic tertiary care center. Adult emergency department (ED) patients who underwent traditional PIVC placement in the ED and required admission with an anticipated hospital length of stay greater than 48 hours were included. Ongoing daily PIVC assessments included clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations. The primary objective was to identify ultrasonographic PIVC site findings associated with an increased risk of PIVC failure. The secondary outcome was to determine if ultrasonographic indicators of PIVC failure occurred earlier than clinical recognition of PIVC failure.

Results
In July and August of 2020, 62 PIVCs were enrolled. PIVC failure occurred in 24 (38.71%) participants. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of ultrasonographic subcutaneous edema [AOR 7.37 (1.91, 27.6) p = 0.0030] was associated with an increased likelihood of premature PIVC failure. Overall, 6 (9.67%) patients had subcutaneous edema present on clinical exam, while 35 (56.45%) had subcutaneous edema identified on ultrasound. Among patients with PIVC failure, average time to edema detectable on ultrasound was 46 hours and average time to clinical recognition of failure was 67 hours (P = < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Presence of subcutaneous edema on ultrasound is a strong predictor of PIVC failure. Subclinical subcutaneous edema occurs early and often in the course of the PIVC lifecycle with a predictive impact on PIVC failure that is inadequately captured on clinical examination of the PIVC site. The early timing of this ultrasonographic finding provides the clinician with key information to better anticipate the patient’s vascular access needs. Further research investigating interventions to enhance PIVC survival once sonographic subcutaneous edema is present is needed.
Decreased continuous sitting time increases heart rate variability in patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Nakayama Natsuki , Miyachi Masahiko , Tamakoshi Koji , Hayashi Toshio , Negi Koji , Watanabe Koji , Hirai Makoto 
Published: June 2021

Aim
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between high-frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV) and continuous daytime sitting time in patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as mild hypertension and/or stable angina pectoris.

Background
Decreased HF HRV precedes the progression and worsening of cardiovascular diseases. Continuous sitting behavior is a major risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome and is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be affected by continuous daytime sitting behaviors.

Design
The present study design was a post-hoc comparison.

Methods
Patients treated at two different primary care clinics from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this study (n = 53). We assessed HF HRV and continuous sitting time using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and an activity meter at baseline and 6 months. HF HRV was calculated during sleep.

Results
Sitting time had decreased in 22 patients (decreased group) and increased in 31 patients (increased group) after 6 months. The mean patient ages were 73.1 and 72.0 years in the decreased and increased sitting time groups, respectively (p = 0.503). HF HRV during sleep had increased after 6 months in the decreased sitting time group. Compared with the increased group, the decreased group showed significantly higher HF HRV during sleep after 6 months by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA after adjustment for age, sex and change in activity (p = 0.045).

Conclusion
These results suggest that a decrease in sitting time might induce parasympathetic activity during sleep. Therefore, reducing continuous sitting time during the day might contribute, in part, to improving the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular risk factors not only by avoiding muscle loss but also by providing positive influences on parasympathetic tone during sleep.
Adolescents’ beliefs and perceptions of acne vulgaris: A cross-sectional study in Montenegrin schoolchildren
Authors: Ražnatović Đurović Milena , Janković Janko , Đurović Milica , Spirić Jelena , Janković Slavenka 
Published: June 2021

Background
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in adolescent and early adult years. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived beliefs of Montenegrin secondary school pupils regarding the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey of the pupils was conducted during October and November 2020 in four randomly selected public secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. All 500 pupils were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions on age, sex, presence of acne, perceived acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, and sources of their information about acne.

Results
A total of 500 pupils, 234 (46.8%) boys, and 266 (53.2%) girls, aged 14−17 years, participated in the study. Acne was self-reported in 249 (49.8%) pupils, whereas 251 (50.2%) did not report acne. Factors most often believed to aggravate acne were inadequate face washing (85.0%), hormones (84.0%), sweets (82.0%), greasy food (72.6%), makeup (71.2%), and stress (67.8%). Overall the most prevalent acne ameliorating factors were cosmetic treatment (80.4%), increased water consumption (77.6%), a diet change to a healthier food choice (77.4%), and being on school holidays (62.2%). Girls reported more frequently that genetics, stress, sweets consumption, inadequate face wash, and makeup are acne exacerbating factors, whilst cosmetic treatment, increased water consumption, smoking, and being on school holidays are acne ameliorating factors. Boys more frequently considered the benefit of losing weight. There was no statistically significant difference between pupils with and without acne in perceived factors, except for cosmetic treatment. Those with acne more frequently believed in the benefits of cosmetic treatment.

Conclusions
Many adolescents’ self-perceived beliefs about factors that aggravate and ameliorate acne are myths and misconceptions without evidence-based justification. More efforts are needed to educate pupils about the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, its health-related consequences, and the treatment possibilities.
Dos Crónicas Magrebíes Medievales: Al-Ḏajira Al-Saniyya y el Rawd al-Qirtas
Authors: Fernández Fonfría Lidia 
Published: June 2021

En la presente comunicación pretendo exponer mis conclusiones referentes a un pequeño estudio comparativo entre dos de las más tempranas crónicas magrebíes que arrojan información sobre la tribu de los Banū Mar÷n y su llegada al trono magrebí en el siglo XIII. Gracias estas características comunes, permiten una visión más completa de una época que, sin duda, es la más desconocida del periodo benimerín, sus inicios. Las similitudes e influencia entre ambas son tales que existen diferentes teorías acerca de una posibleautoría común. Tras realizar el estudio y posterior análisis de dichas obras, se puede extraer que existen diferencias sustanciales a nivel estructural y estilístico que dificultan la posible identificación absoluta del autor de la Ḏajira al-Saniyya con el autor de RawÅ al-QirÐās.
The Effects of Domestic Violence on the Academic Performance of Pupils: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality
Authors: OKITE APIO SARAH 
Published: June 2021

Study findings on the effects of domestic violence on academic performance have shown that individual academic performance levels are affected by a host of factors outside of the classroom including home environments. A cross-sectional study design was adopted where both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Three schools out of 08 and a total of 42 respondents were sampled purposively or randomly to constitute study samples. Questionnaire and interview methods were used to collect primary and secondary data. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS V16 while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. A total of 50% of the respondents who are the majority said less concentration span is the effect of domestic violence on the school attendance. The study reveals that majority of the pupils identified to be affected by domestic violence are isolated, depressed and violent as indicated by 58% which affects their class participation. 71% of the respondents said the school performance of pupils deteriorates. The study reveals that 60% of the respondents said poverty is the major cause of high drop out among pupils. It was concluded that high rate of poverty and drunkardness is the major cause of domestic violence and greatly affects the academic performance. It was recommended that the Government should pass ordnances on alcoholism as to reduce on the rate of domestic violence and improve academic performance of pupils from affected families.
Public Perception of the Effects of Poverty on Economic Growth in Ghana
Authors: Omoniyi Benjamin B. , Ogunwole O. O. , Owolabi S. O. 
Published: June 2021

The paper examined public perception of the effects of poverty on economic growth in Ghana. It specifically examined public perception on the relationship between poverty and economic growth in Ghana using a combination of descriptive statistics and Logit Model to analyse the primary data collected. The result revealed that poverty does not lower investment, per capita income was not high enough to reflect Ghana’s resources, it was also discovered that poverty programmes are effective and standard of living were inadequate. The paper further discovered that unemployment rate was not too high in Ghana. Corruption does not pose any threat to poverty and economic growth. There existed low income inequality between the rich and the poor but income was not evenly distributed while inflation does not increased the plight of the poor or deteriorates the living standard of the poor. The result further discovered that government performance was inadequate, lifespan was low, Ghana was able to meet MDGs goal by the end of 2015 but may not be able to sustain the achievement beyond 2015. Above all, poverty decisively slowed down the pace of economic growth in Ghana. The result of the Logit model showed that unemployment, corruption, secondary school enrollment, government policy, life-expectancy and poverty retarded economic growth while investment, aggregate consumption expenditure, pattern of income distribution and inflation, enhanced economic growth in Ghana. The result further revealed that only investment, aggregate consumption expenditure and inflation are the determinants of economic growth in Ghana. The paper concluded that poverty slowed down the pace of economic growth in Ghana. The paper therefore recommends that government should introduce and maintain policies that will permit improved relationships between poverty and other variables except investment, welfare and inflation so that they can positively and significantly contribute to increase economic growth in Ghana.
Die Proteste gegen die Corona-Maßnahmen
Authors: Frei Nadine , Schäfer Robert , Nachtwey Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
In den deutschsprachigen Gesellschaften sind bezüglich der Deutung einer pandemischen Lage und des richtigen Umgangs mit der Pandemie politische Konflikte entstanden. Das empirische Forschungsprojekt „Politische Soziologie der Corona-Proteste“ zeigt auf, dass es trotz motivationaler, inhaltlicher und weltanschaulicher Heterogenität dieser Protestbewegung eine zentrale verbindende Gemeinsamkeit gibt: Die Teilnehmer*innen und Sympathisant*innen der Proteste, die sich gegen die Corona-Maßnahmen richten, „vergemeinschaften“ sich über ein starkes Selbstverständnis als Kritiker*innen. In diesem Beitrag erfolgt eine Charakterisierung der „Coronakritiker*innen“ und Interpretationsvorschläge für eine soziologische Einordnung dieser Bewegung werden unterbreitet.
Feministische Bewegungen in Argentinien und Mexiko im Kontext von COVID-19
Authors: Atci Mehmet M. , Carmelich Elena , López Andrea L. , Zuñiga Karla 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der Benachteiligung von Frauen in vielen Lebensbereichen erlebt Lateinamerika in den letzten Jahren eine immer stärker werdende Präsenz feministischer Bewegungen. Eine Vorreiterrolle spielen hierbei feministische Bewegungen in Argentinien und Mexiko. Aufgrund der hohen Zahl von Femiziden in Mexiko und des gesetzlichen Verbots der Abtreibung in Argentinien gehen Aktivist*innen dagegen vor und mobilisieren zahlreiche Menschen. Dieser Artikel zeigt, inwiefern die Pandemie Brüche und Kontinuitäten hervorgebracht hat und welchen Effekt die Regierungswechsel in diesen beiden Ländern auf die Forderungen der feministischen Bewegungen hatten. Dabei wird der Zeitraum von Dezember 2019 bis Dezember 2020 näher beleuchtet. Während in Argentinien die Abtreibung am 30. Dezember 2020 legalisiert wurde, bestärkte dieses Gesetz die Forderungen der Feminist*innen in Mexiko.
Observation, experimentation, and replication in linguistics
Authors: Grieve Jack 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I propose that replication failure in linguistics may be due primarily to inherent issues with the application of experimental methods to analyze an inextricably social phenomenon like language, as opposed to poor research practices. Because language use varies across social contexts, and because social context must vary across independent experimental replications, linguists should not be surprised when experimental results fail to replicate at the expected rate. To address issues with replication failure in linguistics, and to increase methodological rigor in our field more generally, I argue that linguists must use experimental methods carefully, keeping in mind their inherent limitations, while acknowledging the scientific value of observational methods, which are often the only way to pursue basic questions in our field.
Properties of multiplication operators on the space of functions of bounded φ-variation
Authors: Castillo René E. , Ramos-Fernández Julio C. , Vacca-González Harold 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the functions

u
∈
B

V

φ

[

0
,
1

]

u\in B{V}_{\varphi }\left[0,1]

which define compact and Fredholm multiplication operators

M

u

{M}_{u}

acting on the space of functions of bounded

φ

\varphi

-variation are studied. All the functions

u

∈

B

V

φ

[

0
,

1

]

u\hspace{-0.08em}\in \hspace{-0.08em}B{V}_{\varphi }\left[0,\hspace{-0.08em}1]

which define multiplication operators

M

u

:
B

V

φ

[

0
,
1

]

→
B

V

φ

[

0
,
1

]

{M}_{u}:B{V}_{\varphi }\left[0,1]\to B{V}_{\varphi }\left[0,1]

with closed range are characterized.