bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the antibacterial mechanism of cryptotanshinone on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhong Jiwei , Wang Haidan , Zhuang Yun , Shen Qun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCryptotanshinone (CT) is an extract from the traditional Chinese medicineSalvia miltiorrhiza, which inhibits the growth of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in vitro. This study aims to determine the antibacterial mechanisms of CT by integrating bioinformatics analysis and microbiology assay. The microarray data of GSE13203 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ofS. aureusstrains that were treated with CT treatment. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify the potential target of CT. Data mining on the microarray dataset indicated that pyruvate kinase (PK) might be involved in the antimicrobial activities of CT. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of CT or vancomycin against the MRSA strain ATCC43300 and seven other clinical strains were determined using the broth dilution method. The effects of CT on the activity of PK were further measured. In vitro tests verified that CT inhibited the growth of an MRSA reference strain and seven other clinical strains. CT hampered the activity of the PK of ATCC43300 and five clinical MRSA strains. CT might hinder bacterial energy metabolism by inhibiting the activity of PK.
Blue light promotes vascular reconnection, while red light boosts the physiological response and quality of grafted watermelon seedlings
Authors: Bantis Filippos , Panteris Emmanuel , Dangitsis Christodoulos , Carrera Esther , Koukounaras Athanasios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe wound inflicted during grafting of watermelon seedlings requires rapid and sufficient vascular development which is affected by light quality. Our objective was to investigate the effect of light spectra emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) during healing of grafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings on their vascular development, physiological and phytohormonal profile, and root architecture. Three LEDs emitting red (R), blue (B), and RB with 12% blue (12B) were tested in a healing chamber. During the first three days, the photosynthetic apparatus portrayed by PIABS, φP0, ψE0, and ΔVIP was less damaged and faster repaired in B-treated seedlings. B and 12B promoted vascular reconnection and root development (length, surface area and volume). This was the result of signaling cascade between phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid and others. After vascular reconnection the seedlings switched lights for 3 more days and the picture was reversed. Seedlings treated with B for the first 3 days and R for days 4 to 6 had better photosynthetic characteristics, root system development, morphological, shoot and root biomass, and quality (i.e. Dickson’s quality index) characteristics. We concluded that blue light is important during the first 3 days of healing, while the presence of red is necessary after vascular reconnection.
The global burden of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Xianghong , Zhu Na , Li Zhihong , Xie Xiangtao , Liu Tang , Ouyang Guoqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are no studies assessing the epidemiology and burden of decubitus ulcers at global, regional, and national levels. We aim to report this issue from 1990 to 2019 by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and stratifying it by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Globally, the number of prevalent cases of decubitus ulcers in 2019 is 0.85 (95% UI 0.78 to 0.94) million. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) in 2019 are 11.3 (95% UI 10.2 to 12.5), 41.8 (37.8 to 46.2), and 1.7 (1.2 to 2.2) per 100,000 population, and compared with 1990, it has decreased by 10.6% (95% UI 8.7% to 12.3%), 10.2% (8.2 to 11.9%), and 10.4% (8.1 to 12.5%), respectively. In addition, the global prevalence rate of decubitus ulcers increases with age, peaking at the > 95 age group among men and women. At the regional and national levels, we observe a positive correlation between age-standardized YLDs and SDI. Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand experienced the most significant increases in age-standardized prevalence rates at the national level. Finally, we concluded that the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLDs rates of decubitus ulcer declined from 1990 to 2019, with significant regional differences. In order to monitor the dynamic changes of decubitus ulcers burden, it is recommended to improve the quality of decubitus ulcer health data in all regions and countries.
New chalcone derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antioxidant agent
Authors: Okolo Emelda N. , Ugwu David I. , Ezema Benjamin E. , Ndefo Joseph C. , Eze Florence U. , Ezema Chidimma G. , Ezugwu James A. , Ujam Oguejiofo T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeven chalcone derivatives were synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral data (Ultraviolet/visible, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy). The compounds were tested for their in silico and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The molecular docking assessments showed that all the compounds exhibited good binding affinity with the target microorganism proteins but, compounds 6e and 6g showed better binding affinity compared with the standards. The antimicrobial test revealed that all the compounds screened were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.4 and 0.6 mg/mL. Compounds 6a, 6c and 6d had moderate activities on Salmonella typhi. Compounds 6b and 6c had moderate activity on Escherichia coli. Compound 6c had moderate activity on Aspergillus niger while compounds 6a and 6e had poor activity. All the compounds except compound 6e had no inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as the standard. Compounds 6c, 6e and 6g gave excellent inhibitory activity better than the standard. Compound 6a gave good activity at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL concentrations but, below the standard at 250 μg/mL and no inhibition at 125 μg/mL. Compound 6d had good inhibition at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL but, no inhibition at 125 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL. Compound 6b was found to be inactive in all the concentrations. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the compounds were assessed using SwissADME. The results of lead likeness showed that compound 6e is a lead-like molecule.
DC‐link low‐frequency current and voltage ripple analysis in multiphase voltage source inverters with unbalanced load
Authors: Vujacic Marija , Dordevic Obrad , Mandrioli Riccardo , Grandi Gabriele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInverter's performance and operating mode may be negatively affected by inverter input (dc‐link) current and voltage ripple. It is a common experience that even theoretically balanced loads with perfectly balanced supply voltages, such as multiphase ac motors supplied by pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverters, in practice show a certain degree of current unbalance, in the range of a few percent, which introduces a low‐frequency instantaneous power oscillation. This reflects in current and voltage low‐frequency ripple on the dc‐link inverter side (i.e. at the double‐fundamental frequency). A possible method to analyse this matter is through the symmetric sequence components. In particular, based on the first negative current sequence component and by considering the equivalent dc‐link impedance calculated at the dominant double‐fundamental frequency, the amplitude of the corresponding dc‐link voltage ripple component is calculated in this work for a general multiphase load. Finally, the design of the dc‐link capacitor in multiphase inverters is proposed considering requirements referred to the double‐fundamental dc voltage ripple. The feasibility of the proposed developments has been verified for three‐, five‐ and seven‐phase inverters by both numerical simulations and comprehensive experimental tests, always showing a good matching.
Virtual Power Plant (VPP) scheduling with uncertain multiple Locational Marginal Prices
Authors: Khandelwal Meenakshi , Mathuria Parul , Bhakar Rohit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAggregation of heterogeneous distributed energy resources (DERs) and prosumers for profit maximisation by virtue of the market interface has evolved into virtual power plants (VPPs). The VPP operator optimises its aggregated resources to maximise profit by participating in the wholesale electricity market. VPP resources may be geographically dispersed and connected to a transmission grid at various nodes having different locational marginal prices (LMPs). These LMPs vary throughout the day and exhibit mutual correlation. Considering this, the current study presents a profit maximisation framework for VPP operators working under multiple LMPs, with their correlated uncertainties. This work also provides VPP resource scheduling for profit maximisation, considering optimal trading at various LMP nodes for a constrained internal network. This decision is devised using Markowitz's mean‐variance (M‐V) criterion under expedient correlation between volatile LMPs. A numerical case study on the proposed model with the PJM market demonstrates that LMP correlation alters the role of the VPP operator. This affects its trading and scheduling decisions as a buyer/seller at various time intervals to improve its profit–risk trade‐off and consequently the market interfacing of the VPP operator. The proposed model is relevant in practical market conditions for day‐ahead/medium‐term VPP planning while managing market uncertainty.
Using genetic programming on GPS trajectories for travel mode detection
Authors: Namdarpour Farnoosh , Mesbah Mahmoud , Gandomi Amir H. , Assemi Behrang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe widespread and increased use of smartphones, equipped with the global positioning system (GPS), has facilitated the automation of travel data collection. Most studies on travel mode detection that used GPS data have employed hand‐crafted features that may not have the capabilities to detect all complex travel behaviours since their performance is highly dependent on the skills of domain experts and may limit the performance of classifiers. In this study, a genetic programming (GP) approach is proposed to select and construct features for GPS trajectories. GP increased the macro‐average of the F1‐score from 77.3 to 80.0 in feature construction when applied to the GeoLife dataset. It could transform the decision tree into a competitive classifier with support vector machines (SVMs) and neural networks that are both able to extract high‐level features. Simplicity, interpretability, and a relatively lower risk of overfitting allow the proposed model to be readily used for passive travel data collection even on smartphones with limited computational capacities. The model is validated by a second dataset from Australia and New Zealand, which indicated that a decision tree with the GP constructed features as its input has a considerably higher transferability than SVMs and neural networks.
Equity‐oriented vehicle routing optimization for catering distribution services with timeliness requirements
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Liya , Yao Yu , Zhang Qin , Shang Pan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rapid development in the catering services and urban logistics industries has significantly promoted the prosperity of business‐to‐consumer (B2C) e‐commerce urban logistics distribution, which is gaining increasing interest from food producers, distribution platforms, and consumers. Unlike traditional logistics supply chains, catering distribution services have strong timeliness and consideration of delivery delay. Traditional distribution platforms usually group commodities by their origins or destinations and then transport each group with one logistics vehicle. However, for a logistics distribution area with limited commodities, the vehicle capacity cannot be fully utilized if one vehicle can only transport commodities with the same origin or destination. Therefore, a mixed‐load strategy is proposed in which commodities with different origins or destinations in a distribution area could be transported by the same vehicle to improve vehicle capacity utilization. A mixed‐load strategy would further cause delivery sequencing problems, leading to different delivery delays for customers. This study proposed an equity‐oriented vehicle routing problem for food distribution services with timeliness requirements considering a mixed‐loading strategy and vehicle capacity constraints. For the above problem, a multi‐commodity flow optimization model was constructed for the equity‐oriented vehicle routing problem and a mixed‐load strategy based on a time‐discretized space‐time‐state network representation. An augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach was utilized to reformulate the original model and thus effectively solve the proposed model. Furthermore, the augmented Lagrangian model was decomposed and linearized into a series of shortest path searching subproblems and iteratively solved by a dynamic programming algorithm using an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)‐based solution framework. Finally, the proposed model and solution approaches were tested on numerous networks.
Kalman–Hatch dual‐filter integrating global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system/on‐board diagnostics/altimeter for precise positioning in urban canyons
Authors: Kim Lawoo , Lee Yudam , Lee Hyung Keun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor improved positioning in urban canyons, this study proposes an efficient dual‐filter method integrating multi‐constellation global navigation satellite system (GNSS), an inertial navigation system (INS), a barometric altimeter and an on‐board diagnostics (OBD) module. The proposed method consists of a position‐domain (PD) Hatch filter and velocity Kalman filter. The Hatch filter is operated as the main positioning filter and the Kalman filter is operated as a sub‐filter to aid the main filter for the occasional GNSS outages. The Hatch filter combines barometric altimeter measurements with GNSS pseudorange and carrier phase measurements. The Kalman filter integrates the inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements with GNSS Doppler shift and OBD speed measurements. A semi‐simulation method is applied for the accurate performance evaluation of the proposed method compared with the several conventional methods under deficient satellite visibility, multipath errors and cycle slips caused by urban canyons. By the test results, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can bound the positioning errors effectively by utilising low‐cost all‐weather sensors. The RMSEs of the proposed Kalman–Hatch dual‐filter algorithm were shown as 0.05, 0.19 and 0.11 m, respectively, and the maximum errors were shown as 0.16, 0.26 and 0.40 m, respectively, in the east, north and upward directions.
Evaluation neuer Methoden zur Atemwegssicherung bei Langzeitmissionen im Weltall
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Kerkhoff Steffen , Schmitz Jan , Hinkelbein Jochen 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den kommenden Jahren rücken Langzeitmissionen mit Errichtung einer Raumstation in der Mondumlaufbahn und bemannte Mars- missionen in erreichbare Nähe. Eine kurzfristige Evakuierung wird nicht möglich sein und die Besatzung muss, ggf. auch ohne ärztliche Unterstützung, autark eine Vielzahl möglicher medizinischer Ereig- nisse versorgen können. Hierzu zählen Notfälle mit Sicherung der Atemwege, wie auch eine notwendige Analgosedierung oder Voll- narkose. Nach Auswertung bisheriger Studien zur Evaluation geeig- neter Devices, empfiehlt sich der Einsatz supraglottischer Atemwegshilfsmittel bei freischwebender Anwendung in Schwerelosigkeit. Im Falle einer notwendigen endotrachealen Intubation muss aufgrund der Einflüsse der Schwerelosigkeit mit Schwellungen der Atemwege gerechnet werden, weshalb ein Videolaryngoskop Teil der Ausstat- tung sein sollte. Wann immer möglich, sollte zumindest der Patient während der Atemwegssicherung auf einem geeigneten Untergrund (z. B. Stretcher) fixiert sein.
Predictive Value of Insulin Resistance as Determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu An , Li Yunping , Liu Rongcai , Qi Dongjing , Yu Guofeng , Yan Xinjiang , Mao Dandan , Li Xiang , Zhou Richeng , Dai Weimin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies on association between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adverse outcomes have yielded conflicting results in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the predictive value of HOMA-IR in AIS patients. Two authors comprehensively searched PubMed and Embase databases until February 28, 2021. All observational studies investigating the association between HOMA-IR and adverse outcomes in AIS patients were included. Outcome measures were poor functional outcome (Modified Rankin Scale≥3), all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and neurologic worsening. Seven studies (eight articles) involving 8330 AIS patients were identified. For the highest versus lowest HOMA-IR, the pooled risk ratio (RR) of poor functional outcome was 2.55 (95% CI 1.76–3.70) after adjustment of conventional confounding factors. In addition, elevated HOMA-IR was associated with higher risk of neurologic worsening (RR 1.93; 95% CI 1.15–3.26). However, there were conflicting findings on the association of HOMA-IR with stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality. This meta-analysis confirms that HOMA-IR is significantly associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome in patients with AIS. However, interpretation of the results of mortality, stroke recurrence, and neurologic worsening should be done with caution due to small number of studies available.
Predictors of Perioperative Vasoactive Drug Requirement During Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma: A Retrospective Exploratory Study
Authors: Alexeev Mikhail , Kuleshov Oleg , Fedorov Elisei , Gorokhov Kirill , Rusakov Vladimir , Ionova Tatiana , Nikitina Tatiana , Bornstein Stefan , Efremov Sergey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to test a hypothesis that baseline systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) assessed by method of transpulmonary thermodilution predicts perioperative requirement for vasoactive drugs. The primary outcomes were: (1) peak vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) and (2) peak dose of hypotensive drugs at any stage of surgery. The main exposure variable was baseline SVRI. Hemodynamics were retrospectively assessed by transpulmonary thermodilution in 50 adults who had undergone posterior retroperitoneal surgery for pheochromocytoma. Univariate linear regression analysis showed predictive value of SVRI on VIS [regression coefficient, 95% CI; 0.024 (0.005, 0.4), p=0.015]. Other significant factors were the history of peak diastolic pressure, baseline MAP, baseline betablocker therapy, and history of coronary artery disease (CAD). After adjustment of SVRI for the history of CAD, its prognostic value became non-significant [0.018 (0.008, 0.03), p=0.063 and 29.6 (19, 40.2), p=0.007 for SVRI and history of CAD, respectively]. Requirements of vasodilators were predicted by baseline adrenergic activity [0.37 (0.005, 0.74), p=0.047]. In conclusion, baseline SVRI is associated with perioperative requirement of vasopressor drugs, but history of CAD is a stronger prognostic factor for vasopressor support. Perioperative requirement in vasodilators is associated with baseline adrenergic activity.
Effects of Metformin and Exercise in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Huimin , Zhu Zhengyan , Huang Hongli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Metformin is introduced for treatment of women with PCOS, and the beneficial effects of exercise in women with PCOS are found for a range of outcomes. Our aim is to compare the effects of metformin plus exercise with exercise intervention in PCOS on clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and psychological parameters. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for studies. Nine studies were considered eligible for inclusion. The meta-analysis reveals that metformin offers additive benefits to exercise, leading to modest improvements in menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and abdominal fat.
Magnetic Field Effects on Quantum Wells
Authors: Chowdhury Sujaul , Shadman Awsaf Chowdhury , Kumar Das Ponkog 
Published: November 2021

This book is an analysis of a semiconductor nanostructure called isolated GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well (QW). It details the connectivity between quantum mechanics and semiconductor physics and is the first comprehensive book on this topic. It provides a detailed analysis of the application of quantum mechanics of semiconductor nanostructures and electron transport under the influence of magnetic field. Electronics, lasers, atomic clocks, and magnetic resonance scanners all fundamentally depend on our understanding of the quantum nature of light and matter explored in this book.
Magnetic Field Effects on Quantum Wells is a highly technical treatment featuring:Calculated parametric variations of transmission coefficient of the QW in non-tunneling regime in absence and in presence of magnetic field applied perpendicular to GaAs-AlGaAs interfacesExplanations of magnetic field dependence of the parametric variations in a quantitatively exact mannerPresentations of background material on microelectronics, nanostructure physics, and classical mechanics
This is an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists, industry professionals, faculty, and graduate students working with quantum mechanics. It is an excellent text for post-graduates conducting research in semiconductor and condensed matter.
Debating translanguaging
Authors: Bonnin Juan Eduardo , Unamuno Virginia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the concept oftranslanguagingby showing how theoretically unhelpful it is to account for language dynamics among Indigenous speakers leading revitalization projects in the Southern Cone of Latin America. We show how clear-cut distinctions between Spanish and Indigenous languages are crucial for minority speakers’ socio-political struggles against Spanish cultural, political, and social hegemony.We open our discussion by reviewing the different definitions of translanguaging in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics. We examine how the term sometimes overlaps with other previously established concepts such ascode-switchingandcode-mixingand show the importance of inscribing any concepts in the historical and socio-political context in which they are used. We illustrate how Indigenous peoples’ understanding of multilingualism challenges linguists’ discourse on translanguaging. Our analysis aims at prompting scholars to reflect on the ideologies and practices we describe here to understand and attend more responsibly to Indigenous peoples’ political concerns.