bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes
Authors: Michelena Hector I , Della Corte Alessandro , Evangelista Arturo , Maleszewski Joseph J , Edwards William D , Roman Mary J , Devereux Richard B , Fernández Borja , Asch Federico M , Barker Alex J , Sierra-Galan Lilia M , De Kerchove Laurent , Fernandes Susan M , Fedak Paul W M , Girdauskas Evaldas , Delgado Victoria , Abbara Suhny , Lansac Emmanuel , Prakash Siddharth K , Bissell Malenka M , Popescu Bogdan A , Hope Michael D , Sitges Marta , Thourani Vinod H , Pibarot Phillippe , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Lancellotti Patrizio , Borger Michael A , Forrest John K , Webb John , Milewicz Dianna M , Makkar Raj , Leon Martin B , Sanders Stephen P , Markl Michael , Ferrari Victor A , Roberts William C , Song Jae-Kwan , Blanke Philipp , White Charles S , Siu Samuel , Svensson Lars G , Braverman Alan C , Bavaria Joseph , Sundt Thoralf M , El Khoury Gebrine , De Paulis Ruggero , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice , Bax Jeroen J , Otto Catherine M , Schäfers Hans-Joachim ,   Endorsed by the Heart Valve Society (HVS), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR), Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI) and the International Bicuspid Aortic Valve Consortium (BAVCon)
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
Functional redundancy in local spatial scale microbial communities suggests stochastic processes at an urban wilderness preserve in Austin, TX, USA
Authors: D. Stewart Justin , Ontai Amy , Yusoof Kizil , S. Ramirez Kelly , Bilinski Teresa 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Empirical evidence supports selection of soil microbial communities by edaphic properties across large spatial scales; however, less is known at smaller spatial scales. The goal of this research was to evaluate relationships between ecosystem characteristics and bacterial community structure/function at broad taxonomic resolutions in soils across small spatial scales. We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, community-level physiological profiling and soil chemical analysis to address this goal. We found weak relationships between gradients in soil characteristics and community structure/function. Specific operational taxonomic units did not respond to edaphic variation, but Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae shifted their relative abundances. High metabolic diversity within the bacterial communities was observed despite general preference of Tween 40/80. Carbon metabolism patterns suggest dominance of functional specialists at our times of measurement. Pairwise comparison of carbon metabolism patterns indicates high levels of functional redundancy. Lastly, at broad taxonomic scales, community structure and function weakly covary with edaphic properties. This evidence suggests that stochasticity or unmeasured environmental gradients may be influential in bacterial community assembly in soils at small spatial scales.
Are recently deglaciated areas at both poles colonised by the same bacteria?
Authors: del Moral Álvaro , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Durán Jorge , Lehmann Jan R , Rodríguez Alexandra , Heiðmarsson Starri , de los Ríos Asunción 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Polar glacier forefields offer an unprecedented framework for studying community assembly processes in regions that are geographically and climatically isolated. Through amplicon sequence variant (ASV) inference, we compared the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities from glacier forefields in Iceland and Antarctica to assess overlap between communities and the impact of established cryptogamic covers on the uniqueness of their taxa. These pioneer microbial communities were found to share only 8% of ASVs and each taxonomic group's contribution to the shared ASV data subset was heterogeneous and independent of their relative abundance. Although the presence of ASVs specific to one glacier forefield and/or different cryptogam cover values confirms the existence of habitat specialist bacteria, our data show that the influence of cryptogams on the edaphic bacterial community structure also varied also depending on the taxonomic group. Hence, the establishment of distinct cryptogamic covers is probably not the only factor driving the uniqueness of bacterial communities at both poles. The structure of bacterial communities colonising deglaciated areas seems also conditioned by lineage-specific limitations in their dispersal capacity and/or their establishment and persistence in these isolated and hostile regions.
Comparison of Lateral Perturbation-Induced Step Training and Hip Muscle Strengthening Exercise on Balance and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rogers Mark W , Creath Robert A , Gray Vicki , Abarro Janice , McCombe Waller Sandy , Beamer Brock A , Sorkin John D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
This factorial, assessor-blinded, randomized, and controlled study compared the effects of perturbation-induced step training (lateral waist-pulls), hip muscle strengthening, and their combination, on balance performance, muscle strength, and prospective falls among older adults.

Methods
Community-dwelling older adults were randomized to 4 training groups. Induced step training (IST, n = 25) involved 43 progressive perturbations. Hip abduction strengthening (HST, n = 25) utilized progressive resistance exercises. Combined training (CMB, n = 25) included IST and HST, and the control performed seated flexibility/relaxation exercises (SFR, n = 27). The training involved 36 sessions for a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were the number of recovery steps and first step length, and maximum hip abduction torque. Fall frequency during 12 months after training was determined.

Results
Overall, the number of recovery steps was reduced by 31% and depended upon the first step type. IST and CMB increased the rate of more stable single lateral steps pre- and post-training than HST and SFR who used more multiple crossover and sequential steps. The improved rate of lateral steps for CMB exceeded the control (CMB/SFR rate ratio 2.68). First step length was unchanged, and HST alone increased hip torque by 25%. Relative to SFR, the fall rate ratios (falls/person/year) [95% confidence interval] were CMB 0.26 [0.07–0.90], IST 0.44 [0.18–1.08], and HST 0.30 (0.10–0.91).

Conclusions
Balance performance through stepping was best improved by combining perturbation and strength training and not strengthening alone. The interventions reduced future falls by 56%–74% over the control. Lateral balance perturbation training may enhance traditional programs for fall prevention.
Digital Biomarkers Enable Automated, Longitudinal Monitoring in a Mouse Model of Aging
Authors: Baran Szczepan W , Lim Maria A , Do Johnny P , Stolyar Polina , Rabe Mark D , Schaevitz Laura R , Cadena Samuel M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To understand the growing needs of an aging human population, there is demand for scalable and reproducible approaches to study animal models of aging and to test novel therapeutic interventions. We investigated the sensitivity and utility of a continuous monitoring platform and its digital biomarkers (motion, breathing rate, and wheel running) to evaluate behavioral and physiological differences between “young” (12 weeks) and “old” (23 months) male C57BL/6J mice with or without running wheels in the home cage. Compared to young mice, old mice showed marked reductions in motion and breathing rate, as well as altered circadian rhythms. Mice without running wheels possessed lower breathing rates compared to their counterparts with running wheels. Digital biomarkers showed age-dependent changes in response to routine procedures (cage changes and blood sampling) and alterations in subjects that unexpectedly reached endpoint. Continuous collection of digital biomarkers in the home cage can enhance current approaches by providing unbiased longitudinal monitoring for large-scale aging studies.
The framing of malnutrition by parliamentarians in Uganda
Authors: Namugumya Brenda Shenute , Candel Jeroen J L , Termeer Catrien J A M , Talsma Elise F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The quest for political commitment to reducing malnutrition in sub-Sahara Africa draws attention to the role of national parliamentarians. Whereas parliamentarians have the authority to ratify legislation, monitor policies and budgets and transform behaviour, to date little is known about how malnutrition is understood and debated in sub-Saharan African political arenas. This study addresses that gap by exploring how (mal)nutrition has been framed by parliamentarians in Uganda between 2001 and 2017. Applying framing theory we performed a qualitative content analysis of 131 Parliament Hansards transcripts to determine the different meanings of nutrition. Our analysis distinguishes seven co-occurring frames that entail different, sometimes competing, understandings of the drivers and possible solutions of malnutrition. The frames are: (i) the emergency nutrition frame, (ii) the chronic vulnerability frame, (iii) the school feeding frame, (iv) the disease-related frame, (v) the diversification frame, (vi) the overnutrition (among politicians) frame and (vii) the poverty and inequality frame. These frames are sponsored by different groups of parliamentarians, most notably politicians representing constituencies with high degrees of malnutrition, the president, some ministers and politicians in parliamentary forums concerned with children and women issues. Our analysis helps to understand why policy measures get prioritized or disregarded by policymakers. Overall, we show that frame sponsors prioritize short-term tangible solutions, such as food assistance and agricultural inputs, over longer term solutions. We suggest that a more comprehensive policy frame is prerequisite to developing a more effective governance approach to malnutrition in Uganda.
Simultaneous determination of seven effective components in Shenkui Tongmai granules based on UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Shun Liu , Yi-xuan Wang , Hai-dan Wang , Zhi-rong Geng , Shi-hai Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the study was to establish the quality standard of the formulation of Shenkui Tongmai granules (SKTM) from the perspective of safety and effectiveness.

Methods
A sensitive and specific method to simultaneously detect seven effective components by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in SKTM, including calycosin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, icariin, sodium danshensu, hyperoside, astragaloside IV, hesperidin, and salvianolic acid, was developed and validated. A Kromasil 100–3.5 C18 column with a mobile phase of 6.5 mmol/l ammonium acetate in acetonitrile was used to separate these above-listed components. Gradient programming was used with a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min, and the components were achieved in 13 min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive/negative mode was applied for the MS/MS detection.

Key findings
The analytical method was satisfactorily validated for linearity, accuracy and precision, repeatability and stability. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method had high repeatability and accuracy and it was in a good linear relationship within their respective ranges (r = 0.9999) with the RSD value of the sample recovery of less than 5%.

Conclusions
The current method established here is suitable for use in determining seven effective components in SKTM simultaneously, which may provide a new reliable method for overall quality control of SKTM.
An in vitro study on the reversal of epithelial to mesenchymal transition by brusatol and its synergistic properties in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Chandrasekaran Jaikanth , Balasubramaniam Jayasudha , Sellamuthu Arunkumar , Ravi Aarthi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Taxane based conventional chemotherapy serves as the standard treatment regimen for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the efficacy is plateaued due to toxicities, chemoresistance and metastasis. Hence, the development of new therapies that provide long-term cover is needed. Brusatol, a natural quassinoid, has been implicated to inhibit the migration and proliferation of metastatic cells in lung and liver carcinoma, but its efficacy in TNBC has not been explored.

Methods
The growth inhibitory activity on TNBC cells was measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptotic markers were quantified using western blotting. The caspases using Calorimetric assay.

Results
Brusatol along with paclitaxel showed an enhanced growth inhibitory activity and a combined synergistic effect. In addition, brusatol was also observed to inhibit the invasion, migratory potential of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, brusatol and its combination were observed to decrease the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a modest increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, brusatol treatment activated both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways with morphological changes of apoptosis in TNBC cells.

Conclusion
This is the first in vitro report demonstrating antineoplastic, anti-EMT and synergistic activity of brusatol and in combination with paclitaxel in TNBC cell. Further in-vivo studies are needed to substantiate the above findings.
Roles of subcellular metal homeostasis in crop improvement
Authors: Bashir Khurram , Ahmad Zarnab , Kobayashi Takanori , Seki Motoaki , Nishizawa Naoko K 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImprovement of crop production in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions is a serious challenge facing plant breeders and biotechnologists. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrients for plant growth and reproduction. These minerals are critical to several cellular processes including metabolism, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. Regulating the uptake and distribution of these minerals could significantly improve plant growth and development, ultimately leading to increased crop production. Plant growth is limited by mineral deficiency, but on the other hand, excess Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn can be toxic to plants; therefore, their uptake and distribution must be strictly regulated. Moreover, the distribution of these metals among subcellular organelles is extremely important for maintaining optimal cellular metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms controlling subcellular metal distribution and availability would enable development of crop plants that are better adapted to challenging and rapidly changing environmental conditions. Here, we describe advances in understanding of subcellular metal homeostasis, with a particular emphasis on cellular Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis and rice, and discuss strategies for regulating cellular metabolism to improve plant production.
On a new formulation for energy transfer between convection and fast tides with application to giant planets and solar type stars
Authors: Terquem Caroline 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
All the studies of the interaction between tides and a convective flow assume that the large-scale tides can be described as a mean shear flow that is damped by small-scale fluctuating convective eddies. The convective Reynolds stress is calculated using mixing length theory, accounting for a sharp suppression of dissipation when the turnover time-scale is larger than the tidal period. This yields tidal dissipation rates several orders of magnitude too small to account for the circularization periods of late-type binaries or the tidal dissipation factor of giant planets. Here, we argue that the above description is inconsistent, because fluctuations and mean flow should be identified based on the time-scale, not on the spatial scale, on which they vary. Therefore, the standard picture should be reversed, with the fluctuations being the tidal oscillations and the mean shear flow provided by the largest convective eddies. We assume that energy is locally transferred from the tides to the convective flow. Using this assumption, we obtain values for the tidal Q factor of Jupiter and Saturn and for the circularization periods of pre-main-sequence binaries in good agreement with observations. The time-scales obtained with the equilibrium tide approximation are however still 40 times too large to account for the circularization periods of late-type binaries. For these systems, shear in the tachocline or at the base of the convective zone may be the main cause of tidal dissipation.
Music Theory’s Therapeutic Imperative and the Tyranny of the Normal
Authors: Straus Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraditional music theory rationalizes abnormal musical elements (like dissonant or chromatic tones or formal anomalies) with respect to normal ones. It is thus allied with a medical model of disability, understood as a deficit or defect located within an individual body, and requiring remediation or cure. A newer sociocultural model of disability understands it as a culturally stigmatized deviance from normative standards for bodily appearance and functioning, analogous to (and intersectional with) race, gender, and sexuality as a source of affirmative political and cultural identity. The sociocultural model of disability suggests the possibility of a disablist music theory, one that subverts the traditional therapeutic imperative and resists the tyranny of the normal. Disablist music theory is music theory without norms, and without a commitment to wholeness, unity, coherence, and completeness—those fantasies of a normal, healthy body. Instead, disablist theory brings the seemingly anomalous event to the center of the discussion and revels in the commotion and discombobulation that result: it makes the normal strange. In the process, it opens up our sense of what music theory is and might be.
Recovery From Postoperative Hearing Loss in Retrosigmoid Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Report of 5 Cases and the Recovery Rate
Authors: Hitotsumatsu Tsutomu , Sasaki Tomio 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Recovery from postoperative hearing loss is seldom observed in vestibular schwannoma surgery. The authors reported 5 rare cases of a return to useful hearing presenting after recovery from complete hearing deterioration occurring immediately after retrosigmoid removal of vestibular schwannoma.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
The first signs of useful hearing recovery can be determined by the patient's ability to recognize sound within 3 d after surgery (range 1-3 d, median 3 d). Furthermore, the duration until hearing ability recovered to a useful level (range 6-40 d, median 14 d) seems to correlate with the duration before speech identification could be confirmed (range 2-20 d, median 5 d). The percentage of a chance at the delayed hearing recovery in cases who lost the hearing immediately after the operation was 7.4% (5/68).

CONCLUSION
The data on the time course of the change in hearing abilities are of great value in prognosticating the potential for hearing recovery in patients who complain of hearing loss after surgery.
Stand-Alone Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Treatment of Giant Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Elderly Frail Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Cannarsa Gregory J , Olexa Joshua , Chryssikos Timothy , Wessell Aaron P , Sharma Ashish , Miller Timothy R , Jindal Gaurav , Aarabi Bizhan , Gandhi Dheeraj 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Previous case series have demonstrated safety and efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization as both adjuvant and stand-alone treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). The safety and efficacy of stand-alone MMA embolization for treatment of giant (>150 ml) cSDH in specifically elderly, frail patients is not well studied.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stand-alone MMA embolization for treatment of giant cSDH in elderly, frail patients in whom traditional surgical intervention was deemed high risk.

METHODS
We reviewed the records of consecutive patients referred for MMA embolization and identified patients ≥ 75 yr with modified Frailty Index (mFI) ≥ 2 who underwent stand-alone MMA embolization for cSDH treatment with at least one follow-up imaging study.

RESULTS
A total of 42 patients were referred for MMA embolization with 5 patients meeting inclusion age and frailty criteria. The average age was 82.2 ± 6.8 yr. The median mFI was 3.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 2-4). Four patients were either on aspirin or thrombocytopenic. The average initial cSDH volume was 187.8 ± 31 ml with average initial midline shift of 8.0 ± 2.1 mm. The average length of stay was 4 ± 1.1 d. The average cSDH volume decrease on follow-up imaging was 68.5% ± 11.9%. Follow-up average midline shift decreased by 70% to 2.4 ± 1.4 mm. There were no peri-procedural or in-hospital complications.

CONCLUSION
In frail, elderly patients with giant cSDH, stand-alone MMA embolization was effective in reducing cSDH volume and improving presenting symptoms without complications.
Seizure Outcome After Ipsitemporal Reoperation in Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients With Hippocampal Sclerosis and Nonspecific Pathology
Authors: Ivanović Jugoslav , Alfstad Kristin Åshild , Marthinsen Pål Bache , Olsen Ketil Berg , Larsson Pål Gunnar , Pripp Are Hugo , Stanišić Milo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis and nonspecific pathology who failed initial resection is challenging, although selected patients may benefit from repeated surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To determine seizure outcome, postoperative morbidity, and possible predictors of seizure freedom after repeated ipsitemporal resection.

METHODS
We reviewed the results of comprehensive epilepsy evaluations performed before the initial and repeated resections in 10 patients with hippocampal sclerosis and 13 with nonspecific pathology. We assessed the Engel classification of seizure outcome 2 yr after repeated resection, evaluated postoperative morbidity, and examined the association of epilepsy and surgical characteristics with seizure freedom before and after reoperation.

RESULTS
After reoperation, in patients with hippocampal sclerosis, seizure freedom (Engel class I) was achieved in 2 (20%), 1 (10%) experienced surgical complications, and 1 (10%) experienced permanent neurological impairment. Following reoperation in patients with nonspecific pathology, seizure freedom was achieved in 1 (8%), 3 (23%) experienced surgical complications, and 4 (31%) experienced permanent neurological impairment. Epilepsy and surgical characteristics before and after reoperation were not associated with seizure freedom.

CONCLUSION
Patients with hippocampal sclerosis and nonspecific pathology who underwent a comprehensive initial work-up and failed original temporal lobe resection rarely become seizure-free after repeated ipsitemporal reoperation. Reoperations carry a high risk of surgical complications and neurological impairment. Predictors for seizure freedom could not be defined.