bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los índices bursátiles de sostenibilidad en América Latina y el Caribe: Relevamiento empírico
Authors: Panario Centeno María Marta , Vior Ignacio , Vior Ángeles , Rossi Ana , Tallelis Camila 
Published: July 2021

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la presencia de índices sostenibles en el contexto latinoamericano y analizarlos desde el punto de vista de su metodología, funcionamiento y finalidad. Para el relevamiento se consideraron las bolsas de valores latinoamericanas listadas como miembros de la iniciativa de Bolsas de Valores Sostenibles de las Naciones Unidas (United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges) a noviembre 2020 y la información disponible en las guías metodológicas de cada índice.
De los análisis efectuados se puede apreciar que Europa y Asia son los mercados que cuentan con el mayor número de índices activos y que la presencia de los mismos en América Latina y el Caribe es baja e incipiente. En cuanto a las metodologías de cada índice se visualiza que las mismas varían según el índice en cuestión. Si bien se observa la presencia conjunta de criterios best in class y criterios de exclusión, las mismas difieren en cuanto al análisis de la sostenibilidad que realizan para cada dimensión el cual no es general sino, por el contrario, específico.
Propaganda y personalización de la política en el nivel subnacional. Análisis iconográfico del uribismo y el fajardismo entre 2003 y 2015
Authors: Restrepo-Echavarría Néstor , Berrío-Meneses Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Poco se sabe del fenómeno de la personalización de la política en el ámbito subnacional y su relación con la propaganda. Por ello, en este artículo se analiza cómo se configura la persuasión propagandística en los anuncios impresos de las campañas de dos fenómenos políticos surgidos en Antioquia: el uribismo y el fajardismo. El estudio se realiza a través de la metodología del análisis iconológico e iconográfico de los anuncios publicados en el periódico El Colombiano entre 2003 y 2015. Se demuestra que las acciones propagandísticas desarrolladas por los candidatos no se centran en sus propuestas políticas sino en juegos de seducción hacia sus audiencias, lo que contribuye, directamente, a exacerbar la personalización de la política en el nivel subnacional.
ATTITUDES OF THE DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS ABOUT PARENTHOOD
Authors: YILDIRIM Emine , UÇKAN Mustafa Ülkü , YENGİL TACİ Duygu , FİDANCI İzzet , GÜLMEZ Gülay , İŞCAN Gökçe , ARSLAN İsmail , TEKİN Oğuz 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the point of view in different occupational groups against the parenthood with a biopsychosocial approach.
Material and Method: A questionnaire consisting of 48 questions about Scale of Outlook to Parenthood and demography was administered to individuals from different occupational groups at the age of parenthood.
Results: It is established that the scores of attitudes to marriage of scale of Outlook to Parenthood is affected by the occupation of individual's parent. The mean scores for the Attitudes to Marriage factor are found to be higher for health professionals group than security group, educator group and housewives group. It is established that regular reading habit effects Family Environment, Attitudes to Children and point of Attitudes to Marriage factors positively. Duration of education is found to effect Social Attitude factor positively.
Conclusions: Scale of Outlook to Parenthood shows that there are statistical differences between the occupational groups.
PolarGUI: A MATLAB-Based Tool for Polarization Analysis of the Three-Component Seismic Data Using Different Algorithms
Authors: Li Huailiang , Qu Kai , Rong Wenzheng , Tuo Xianguo , Lu Jing , Wang Ruili , Wang Xuben , Courtois Jérémie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present an open-source and MATLAB-based tool with an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) consisting of four polarization analysis approaches: the particle-motion trajectory (a hodogram in a 3D plane), eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) based on the covariance matrix (including two calculation methods), singular value decomposition using principal component analysis, and EVD based on a constructed analytic signal matrix (EVD-ASM). We review the calculation processes and features of the four cited methods. The eigenvalue and eigenvector are applied to obtain the polarization attributes of the three-component (3C) seismic data. Using rose graphs and histograms, the corresponding azimuth and incidence angle are calculated to determine the propagation direction of the seismic wave. Statistical distribution curves of the corresponding rectilinearity and planarity of the waves are also plotted. The polarization analysis GUI can simultaneously analyze two selected data sections in a seismic recording corresponding to P and S waves. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using real 3C earthquake datasets. Comparison tests indicate that the aforementioned four methods have different time consumption, and the differences between the results of the EVD-ASM and those of the other methods are very small.
Loreto Intermediate Depth Earthquake of 26 May 2019 (Northeast Peru): Source Parameters by Inversion of Local to Regional Waveforms and Strong-Motion Observations
Authors: Tavera Hernando , Delouis Bertrand , Mercado Arturo , Portugal David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Loreto earthquake of 26 May 2019 occurred below the extreme northeast part of Peru at a depth of 140 km within the subducting Nazca plate at a distance of 700 km from the trench Peru–Chile. The orientation of the seismic source was obtained from waveform inversion in the near field using velocity and strong-motion data. The rupture occurred in normal faulting corresponding to a tensional process with T axis oriented in east–west direction similar to the direction of convergence between the Nazca and South America plates. The analysis of the strong-motion data shows that the levels of ground shaking are very heterogeneous with values greater than 50 Gal up to distances of 300 km; the maximum recorded acceleration of 122 Gal at a distance of 100 km from the epicenter. The Loreto earthquake is classified as a large extensional event in the descending Nazca slab in the transition from flat-slab geometry to greater dip.
Seismic Monitoring of Permafrost in Svalbard, Arctic Norway
Authors: Albaric Julie , Kühn Daniela , Ohrnberger Matthias , Langet Nadège , Harris Dave , Polom Ulrich , Lecomte Isabelle , Hillers Gregor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze data from passive and active seismic experiments conducted in the Adventdalen valley of Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic. Our objective is to characterize the ambient wavefield of the region and to investigate permafrost dynamics through estimates of seismic velocity variations. We are motivated by a need for early geophysical detection of potentially hazardous changes to permafrost stability. We draw upon several data sources to constrain various aspects of seismic wave propagation in Adventdalen. We use f-k analysis of five years of continuous data from the Spitsbergen seismic array (SPITS) to demonstrate that ambient seismic noise on Svalbard consists of continuously present body waves and intermittent surface waves appearing at regular intervals. A change in wavefield direction accompanies the sudden onset of surface waves when the average temperature rises above the freezing point, suggesting a cryogenic origin. This hypothesis is supported further by our analysis of records from a temporary broadband network, which indicates that the background wavefield is dominated by icequakes. Synthetic Green’s functions calculated from a 3D velocity model match well with empirical Green’s functions constructed from the recorded ambient seismic noise. We use a shallow shear-wave velocity model, obtained from active seismic measurements, to estimate the maximum depth of Rayleigh wave sensitivity to changes in shear velocity to be in the 50–100 m range. We extract seasonal variations in seismic velocities from ambient noise cross-correlation functions computed over three years of SPITS data. We attribute relative velocity variations to changes in the ice content of the shallow (2–4 m depth) permafrost, which is sensitive to seasonal temperature changes. A linear decreasing trend in seismic velocity is observed over the years, most likely due to permafrost warming.
Features of Diseases of the Anterior Part of the Eye in Patients after COVID-19
Authors: Yani E. V. , Orlova E. N. , Seliverstova K. E. 
Published: July 2021

There are quite systematic data of the ophthalmic manifestations in SARS-CoV-2, on the presence of conjunctivitis in patients with COVID-19, as well as on the detection of viruses in the lacrimal fluid and eye tissues. And, although ophthalmic manifestations are considered rather rare for COVID-19 and are not included in the list of important for diagnosis, there is not enough reliable data on the inflammatory processes of the eye’s anterior part and their connection with COVID-19, as well as those arising against the background of the treatment.Purpose. To study the development of inflammatory diseases of the anterior part of the eye in patients who have undergone the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.resu. In the Department of Infectious and Allergic Eye Diseases of the Helmholts National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 88 patients with confirmed transferred new coronavirus infection COVID-19 of varying severity were observed. The main method of laboratory diagnostics is the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs from the nasopharynx, the patient’s sputum. Serodiagnostics of COVID-19 includes the determination of IgG-, IgM-antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. Acute conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19 is quite rare and is an early sign of the disease. In the complex nonspecific topical therapy of viral conjunctivitis in COVID-19, along with etiopathogenetic systemic treatment, local eye medications with immunomodulatory and antiviral activity should be used. Conjunctivitis during a pandemic may be the only sign of COVID-19. The development of allergic conjunctivitis in COVID-19 is possibly associated not only with the effect of a viral agent, but also depends on the toxic effect of drugs used in the complex treatment of this disease. The increase in the number of patients with episcleritis after the postponed coronavirus infection needs further detailed study, with the analysis of laboratory data from this group of patients and the accumulation of clinical material.Conclusion. Ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 are very different, affecting various structures of the eye, occur at different periods — both during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery, and, of course, need further consideration, study and structuring.
Results of Using Alternating Presentation of Stereostimuli in Children with Functional Scotoma in Non-Paralytic Strabismus
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Likhvantseva V. G. 
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of modern strabismology — the study of the ability to stereo perception in children with non-paralytic strabismus.Purpose: to study the capability to stereovision with alternating presentation of stereostimuli in children with functional scotoma in non-paralytic strabismus.Patients and methods. 113 children with functional scotoma (FS) in non-paralytic strabismus were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right eye and the left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that in 23 (20,3 %) children, the ability to stereo perception was completely absent. All these children had stable total FS (monocular vision). In the remaining 90 children (with unstable or regional FS), the ability to stereo perception was shown with some stimuli in some modes of their alternating presentation. For stimuli with a central arrangement of linear parts, the stereo effect was possible when they were presented in an alternating mode with an “empty” interval lasting from 20 to 70 ms in combination with the duration of monocular phases from 30 to 90 ms. For stimuli with a peripheral arrangement of linear elements, 22.1 % of children were able to stereo perception not only in the “empty” interval mode, but also in the simple alternation mode. At the same time, the greatest number of children capable of stereo perception was detected when using the mode with an “empty” interval of 30–60 ms and a duration of monocular phases of 40–60 ms. With random-dot stimuli, none of the children in this group were capable of stereo perception.Conclusion. Our results suggest that even in patients with FS in non-paralytic strabismus, stereo perception is possible under the conditions of alternating presentation of stimuli with certain characteristics. In this case, the most likely appearance of a stereo effect with stimuli containing peripheral linear elements that create a stereo effect when presented in an alternating mode with an empty interval between monocular phases.
The Protective Effect of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid in HypoxiaInduced Apoptosis of Conjunctiva and Cornea Cells in vivo
Authors: Ryabtseva A. A. , Akberova S. I. , Ali-zade G. Kh. , Babayev H. F. , Markitantova Yu. V. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the effects of acute hypoxic hypoxia on eye tissue cells in adult rats and determining the effectiveness of 0.007 % solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for apoptotic damage to the tissues of the ocular surface in rats.Materials and methods. In the experiment, 27 male Wistar rats (54 eyes) were used, divided into 5 groups. Group I — intact control, Group II — hypoxic control after 1 hour, Group III — hypoxic control after 3 hours, Group IV — with the injection of the drug 1 hour after hypoxia, Group V — injection of the drug 24 hours before hypoxia. The identification of apoptotic cells in the tissues of the eye was performed by the TUNEL method on frozen sections of the eye stained with Hoechst 33342 nuclear fluorescent dye. The localization and fluorescence intensity of the damaged cells was analyzed under a fluorescence microscope using the Image J. computer program.Results. Under the conditions of simulated acute hypoxic hypoxia, apoptotic lesions of the conjunctiva, corneal epithelium, choroid, and photoreceptor layer of the retina were observed. In group II, the number of damaged cells in the conjunctiva was 67 %, and in group III it was 120 % more compared to group I — the norm (p < 0.05). With the injection of PABA before hypoxia, there were no significant differences compared with the norm (group I) in the state of the affected cells in the conjunctiva. In the group of animals (group III) with the injection of PABA after hypoxia after 1 h, the number of damaged cells does not statistically differ from group II (hypoxic control after 1 h), but significantly lower than in group III (hypoxic control after 3 hours). The same pattern is observed in the corneal epithelium.Conclusion. Para-aminobenzoic acid (0.007 %) has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect, preventing and stabilizing the development of apoptosis of conjunctival cells and anterior corneal epithelium induced in experimental acute hypoxic hypoxia.
Evaluation of the gold nanoparticles prepared by ‎green ‎chemistry in ‎the ‎‏treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
Authors: Ayad Kareem Hassan , Mahmood Samaka Hayder , Mohamed Abdulridha Wasna’a 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Mineral nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry is ‎considered a novel ‏procedure ‎that ‎has been introduced into some ‏‎‎industries and medical fields. This ‎paper aimed to focus on ‏synthesized gold ‎nanoparticles ‎‎‎‎(‎AuNPs‎) prepared via green chemistry and ‎their usage in the ‏treatment of cutaneous ‎candidiasis.‎‎
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on the green synthesis of AuNPs using olive leaf extract as a reducing ‎agent‎. The ‎UV‎ visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy techniques ‎were used to detect ‏the concentration of the prepared AuNPs‎. ‎The agar gel diffusion method was used to test ‏the ‎antifungal activity of the ‎‎prepared AuNPs in vitro. ‏Antifungal efficacy of the AuNPs in vivo ‎was tested by the ‎induction of‎‎ cutaneous ‎candidiasis in mice‎. ‎This research was conducted on four groups of mice‎. Groups 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AuNPs suspension ‎and ‏Nystatin ointment in the treatment ‎of clinical infection, respectively. Groups 3 ‎and ‎4 were the infected ‎and the non-infected control groups, respectively.‎
Results: Based on the findings, the AuNP synthesis using olive leaves was ‎a suitable and ‎secure method. Moreover, it was found that the AuNP concentration of 40.77 ng‏\‏ml represented the minimum ‎inhibitory concentration for the ‎inhibition of the Candida albicans. The prepared AuNPs were more effective than Nystatin ‎in the ‏treatment ‎of cutaneous candidiasis.‎‎
Conclusion: Preparation of AuNPs via green chemistry using olive leaves as a reducing ‎agent is a ‏safe ‎and easy procedure that can be performed to produce AuNPs. In this study, the AuNPs ‎displayed antifungal ‏activity ‏both in vitro and in vivo.
Influence of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the autoxidation and in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B
Authors: Habib Belhachemi Mohammed , Boucherit-Otmani Zahia , Boucherit Kebir , Belmir Sara 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Amphotericin B (AmB) is the standard treatment for systemic fungal infections; however, the formation of reactive oxygen species reduces the efficacy and stability of this molecule. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of AmB with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on its autoxidation and antifungal activity.
Materials and Methods: The antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated by the viable cell counting method and checking their morphological changes with a scanning electron microscope. Monomer state of AmB was assessed by scanning the UV absorbance in the range of 300-450 nm and the lipid peroxidation was measured using quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive-substances (TBARS).
Results: Based on the findings, the addition of ascorbic acid (3×102 µg/mL) and α-tocopherol (16 µg/mL) to the reaction medium of AmB increased its antifungal activity while maintaining its molecular stability. Moreover, the level of TBARS formed in the reaction medium of AmB was significantly reduced after combination with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.
Conclusion: Given their availability, their anti-free radical activity, and their low toxicity, the incorporation of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol into the reaction medium of AmB seems to be a promising approach to obtain an effective antifungal formulation.
Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Adetona Fayemiwo Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the epidemiology of the endemic and epidemic of emerging and re-emerging fungal diseases as well as their diagnostic challenges in Africa based on the available data. Moreover, it is important to underline the existing gaps in this regard as well.
Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, Medline and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve articles on these prominent fungal diseases, as well as their etiologies and available diagnostics.
Results: It was found that histoplasmosis and other AIDS-associated mycoses have been reported in Africa, including blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Other reported infections were fungal neglected tropical diseases, especially sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis as well as emerging fungal diseases, such as Emergomyces africanus, Candida auris, and Blastomyces emzantsi. In Africa, the major drivers of fungal diseases include human immunodeficiency infection, tuberculosis, and poverty.
Conclusion: Serious fungal diseases are common in Africa; however, the true burden remains unknown.
THE ROLE OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP IN EMPLOYEE VOICE AND SILENCE MOTIVES: DOES SURFACE SIMILARITY MATTERS?
Authors: Babur Saadia , Bibi Zainab , Karim Jahanvash 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This study compared the effect of paternalistic leadership on employee voice and silence motives based upon gender-based similarity attraction account among employee-leader dyads in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). The study was conducted in public sector universities of Balochistan, Pakistan.
Methodology: The Study used Partial least squares–structural equation modelling, along with advanced methods for multi-group analysis, to assess and compare the proposed relationships between the gender similar and dissimilar dyads.
Main findings: The results of this study revealed significant differences between groups for the effect of the authoritative dimension of paternalism on pro-social silence, benevolence dimension of paternalism on quiescence silence and quiescence voice, and morality dimension on opportunistic silence.
Application of the study: The current study might help HEI authorities in understanding the effects of paternalistic leadership and diversity management.
Novelty/Originality of the study: This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by comparing the effect of paternalistic leadership on voicing motives of employees based on similarity attraction account between gender similar and dissimilar leader-subordinate dyads.
AFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE LABOUR IN INDONESIA’S EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Wibisono Haryo , Purwanto Semiarto 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This article examines affective technology to understand the significance of creative labour in Indonesia multinational oil and gas companies in the city of Balikpapan, East Kalimantan.
Methodology: The data is gathered from desk studies by reviewing policies, monographs, and printed documents, and ethnographic observations to understand the social and cultural context.
Main findings: We identified two types of affective technologies created by creative labours: the visual simulation to create new subjects and visual efforts to forge corporate reputation. They are important in helping in the production of subjects and the value of corporate branding.
Practical Implications: This study shows the need for extractive industries to pay more detail in providing safety instructions for their employees. Creative workers can be the right agents to compose effective messages with their ability to touch the affective side of employees through the works they produce.
Social Implications: The creative workers are increasing in number; however, their nature of work which is mainly based on gigs is somewhat vulnerable in developing countries like Indonesia. Closer cooperation with the big industries will be favorable for them with the hope that in return they will come up with some products to strengthen the companies' social responsibility.
The novelty of study: While previous studies have rarely underlined the interplay between creative work and extractive industries, this article provides insight into affective technology within the context of extractive industries.