bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did I visit the polar bear before the giraffe? Examining memory for temporal order and the temporal distance effect in early to middle childhood
Authors: Deker Lina , Pathman Thanujeni 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMemory for the temporal order of past events is a critical capacity; however, relatively little is known about its development and the processes that support it in early to middle childhood. The aim of this study was to examine children's memory for the temporal order of real‐world events. Four–five‐year‐old (n= 36), 6–7‐year‐old (n= 45) and 8–10‐year‐old (n= 46) children participated in a week‐long camp at a local zoo, which involved engaging activities and visits to animals each day. On the last day of camp, we tested children's memory for the order of pairs of animals visited. The elapsed time (lag) between event pairs was manipulated to test whether children's accuracy would show the temporal distance effect and give us insights into the processes supporting temporal memory. We found that 8–10‐year‐olds, but not younger groups, showed the temporal distance effect. Implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes supporting temporal memory development are discussed.
Extraordinary face recognition performance in laboratory and online testing
Authors: Petersen Lara Aylin , Leue Anja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Cambridge Face Memory Test Long (CFMT+) is used to investigate extraordinary face recognition abilities (super‐recognizers [SR]). Whether lab and online presentation of the CFMT+ lead to different test performance has not yet been investigated. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate psychometric properties of the CFMT+ and the Glasgow face matching test – short (GFMT‐S). We report item difficulties, Cronbach's Alpha, and T norms for the CFMT+ and GFMT‐S depending on the presentation mode. We analyzed variations of CFMT+ and GFMT‐S performance by means of presentation mode, age, and gender. The results showed significant better CFMT+ performance for online presentation, women, and participants between 26 and 35 years of age. For the GFMT‐S, significantly higher test performance was shown for online participants exclusively. Overall, we discuss the modulating effects of participants' motivation for online assessments, the necessity of differential norms (e.g., for personnel decisions), and the application of T norms.
A Multianalyte Assay Panel With Cell‐Bound Complement Activation Products Predicts Transition of Probable Lupus to American College of Rheumatology–Classified Lupus
Authors: Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Alexander Roberta Vezza , Conklin John , Arriens Cristina , Narain Sonali , Massarotti Elena M. , Wallace Daniel J. , Collins Christopher E. , Saxena Amit , Putterman Chaim , Brady Kelley , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Weinstein Arthur 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of biomarkers to predict the evolution of patients suspected of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), designated as probable SLE (pSLE), into classifiable SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria.MethodsPatients suspected of SLE were enrolled by lupus experts if they fulfilled three ACR criteria for SLE and were followed for approximately 1‐3 years to evaluate transition into ACR‐classifiable SLE. Individual cell‐bound complement activation products (CB‐CAPs), serum complement proteins (C3 and C4), and autoantibodies were measured by flow cytometry, turbidimetry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Blood levels of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were measured by mass spectrometry. A multianalyte assay panel (MAP), which includes CB‐CAPs, was also evaluated. A MAP of greater than 0.8 reflected the optimal cutoff for transition to SLE. Time to fulfillment of ACR criteria was evaluated by Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf the 92 patients with pSLE enrolled, 74 had one or two follow‐up visits 9‐35 months after enrollment for a total of 128 follow‐up visits. Overall, 28 patients with pSLE (30.4%) transitioned to ACR‐classifiable SLE, including 16 (57%) in the first year and 12 (43%) afterwards. A MAP score of greater than 0.8 at enrollment predicted transition to classifiable SLE during the follow‐up period (hazard ratio = 2.72; P = 0.012), whereas individual biomarkers or fulfillment of Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria did not. HCQ therapy was not associated with the prevention of transition to SLE.ConclusionApproximately one‐third of patients with pSLE transitioned within the study period. MAP of greater than 0.8 predicted disease evolution into classifiable SLE.
Reprogramming the Tumor Microenvironment through Second‐Near‐Infrared‐Window Photothermal Genome Editing of PD‐L1 Mediated by Supramolecular Gold Nanorods for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Tang Honglin , Xu Xiaojie , Chen Yuxuan , Xin Huhu , Wan Tao , Li Bowen , Pan Hongming , Li Da , Ping Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA photothermal genome‐editing strategy is described to improve immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated disruption of PD‐L1 and mild‐hyperthermia‐induced activation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). This strategy relies on a supramolecular cationic gold nanorod that not only serves as a carrier to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 targeting PD‐L1, but also harvests the second near‐infrared‐window (NIR‐II) light and converts into mild hyperthermia to induce both ICD and gene expression of Cas9. The genomic disruption of PD‐L1 significantly augments ICB therapy by improving the conversion of dendritic cells to T cells, followed by promoting the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumors, thereby reprogramming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into immunoactive one. Such a therapeutic modality greatly inhibits the activity of primary and metastatic tumors and exhibits long‐term immune memory effects against both rechallenged and recurrent tumors. The current therapeutic strategy for synergistic PD‐L1 disruption and ICD activation represents an appealing way for cancer immunotherapy.
Epitaxial Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 with Metallic Pyrochlore Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Zimeng , Hsu Shang‐Lin , Stoica Vladimir A. , Paik Hanjong , Parsonnet Eric , Qualls Alexander , Wang Jianjun , Xie Liang , Kumari Mukesh , Das Sujit , Leng Zhinan , McBriarty Martin , Proksch Roger , Gruverman Alexei , Schlom Darrell G. , Chen Long‐Qing , Salahuddin Sayeef , Martin Lane W. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of fully epitaxial ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films through the use of a conducting pyrochlore oxide electrode that acts as a structural and chemical template is reported. Such pyrochlores, exemplified by Pb2Ir2O7(PIO) and Bi2Ru2O7(BRO), exhibit metallic conductivity with room‐temperature resistivity of <1 mΩ cm and are closely lattice matched to yttria‐stabilized zirconia substrates as well as the HZO layers grown on top of them. Evidence for epitaxy and domain formation is established with X‐ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy, which show that the c‐axis of the HZO film is normal to the substrate surface. The emergence of the non‐polar‐monoclinic phase from the polar‐orthorhombic phase is observed when the HZO film thickness is ≥≈30 nm. Thermodynamic analyses reveal the role of epitaxial strain and surface energy in stabilizing the polar phase as well as its coexistence with the non‐polar‐monoclinic phase as a function of film thickness.
Pseudosolvent Intercalator of Chitin: Self‐Exfoliating into Sub‐1 nm Thick Nanofibrils for Multifunctional Chitinous Materials
Authors: Yang Kaihua , Zhou Youshuang , Wang Zengbing , Li Mingjie , Shi Dean , Wang Xianbao , Jiang Tao , Zhang Qunchao , Ding Beibei , You Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraditionally, energy‐intensive and time‐consuming postmechanical disintegration processes are inevitable in extracting biopolymer nanofibrils from natural materials and thereby hinder their practical applications. Herein, a new, convenient, scalable, and energy‐efficient method for exfoliating nanofibrils (ChNFs) from various chitin sources via pseudosolvent‐assisted intercalation process is proposed. These self‐exfoliated ChNFs possess controllable thickness from 2.2 to 0.8 nm, average diameter of 4–5 nm, high aspect ratio up to 103 and customized surface chemistries. Particularly, compared with elementary nanofibrils, ChNFs with few molecular layers thick exhibit greater potential to construct high‐performance structural materials, e.g., ductile nanopapers with large elongation up to 70.1% and toughness as high as 30.2 MJ m−3, as well as soft hydrogels with typical nonlinear elasticity mimicking that of human‐skin. The proposed self‐exfoliation concept with unique advantages in the combination of high yield, energy efficiency, scalable productivity, less equipment requirements, and mild conditions opens up a door to extract biopolymer nanofibrils on an industrial scale. Moreover, the present modular ChNFs exfoliation will facilitate researchers to study the effect of thickness on the properties of nanofibrils and provide more insight into the structure–function relationship of biopolymer‐based materials.
Scalable Assembly of Flexible Ultrathin All‐in‐One Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Highly Stretchable, Editable, and Customizable Functions
Authors: Yao Minjie , Yuan Zishun , Li Saisai , He Tingwei , Wang Rui , Yuan Mingjian , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered to be a promising candidate for flexible energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost. However, the scalable assembly of flexible ZIBs is still a challenge. Here, a scalable assembly strategy is developed to fabricate flexible ZIBs with an ultrathin all‐in‐one structure by combining blade coating with a rolling assembly process. Such a unique all‐in‐one integrated structure can effectively avoid the relative displacement or detachment between neighboring components to ensure continuous and effective ion‐ and/or loading‐transfer capacity under external deformation, resulting in excellent structural and electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the ultrathin all‐in‐one ZIBs can be tailored and edited controllably into desired shapes and structures, further extending their editable, stretchable, and shape‐customized functions. In addition, the ultrathin all‐in‐one ZIBs display the ability to integrate with perovskite solar cells to achieve an energy harvesting and storage integrated system. These enlighten a broad area of flexible ZIBs to be compatible with highly flexible and wearable electronics. The scaling‐up assembly strategy provides a route to design other ultrathin all‐in‐one energy storage devices with stretchable, editable, and customizable behaviors.
Soft Actuators of Liquid Crystal Polymers Fueled by Light from Ultraviolet to Near Infrared
Authors: Qin Lang , Liu Xiaojun , Yu Yanlei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotodeformable liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are a typical representative of shape‐changing systems capable of remotely converting light energy into mechanical actuation. Such smart polymeric materials combining the features of polymers and liquid crystals (LCs) are envisioned to bring new functionality and drive innovation in the fields of soft robotics, solar‐energy harvesting, and microfluidics. The photodeformable LCPs and their soft actuators fueled by light from ultraviolet to near infrared, including basic actuation as well as the primary mechanisms are focused on. The complex actuation is also highlighted with emphasis on the designed LC alignment, such as splayed, twisted, out‐plane, and patterned, which bridges the gap between the shape change and practical applications. Special attention is devoted to the progress of light‐fueled soft actuators, which are classified into different categories and comprehensively summarized in the aspects of materials, alignment, mechanisms, and light stimuli. An outlook on future challenges and limitations in the light‐fueled soft actuators are discussed at the end of this review.
Photonic Synapses with Ultra‐Low Energy Consumption Based on Vertical Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Chen Tianqi , Wang Xin , Hao Dandan , Dai Shilei , Ou Qingqing , Zhang Junyao , Huang Jia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArtificial synapses have shown great potential in the research of artificial intelligence and brain‐like computing. Artificial synaptic devices based on vertical organic field‐effect transistors (VOFETs) exhibit shorter carrier transmission distances and more stable source–drain currents than conventional planar organic transistors due to their smaller channel lengths. By taking advantage of the vertical structure, low working voltage can be achieved. Here, vertical synaptic devices with working voltage as low as 10 µV and ultra‐low power consumption (≈1.3 fJ per spike) are proposed. VOFET‐based artificial photonic synaptic devices can successfully simulate typical synaptic behavior, including excitatory post‐synaptic current, short‐term plasticity, and long‐term plasticity. Furthermore, VOFET arrays are demonstrated to enable image contrast enhancement function. This work provides a new approach for the realization of artificial synapses through a simple manufacturing process.
Cascade Chan‐Lam C−O Coupling/[3,3]‐Rearrangement of Arylhydroxylamines with Arylboronic Acids Toward NOBIN Analogues
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Yue , Wang Liying , Lu Haifeng , Feng Lei , Gao Hongyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHerein, we developed a copper‐mediated Chan‐Lam type O‐arylation of arylhydroxylamines with arylboronic acids to generate transient N,O‐diarylhydroxylamines that could rapidly undergo cascade [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement and rearomatization to afford NOBIN (2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl) analogues under mild conditions. The newly synthesized racemic biaryl products can be further resolved by a chiral DMAP‐catalyzed O‐acylation/kinetic resolution protocol.magnified image
Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis of Sulfonyl‐ and Bromo‐Substituted Indolo[2,1‐α]isoquinoline Derivatives through Electrochemical Radical Cascade Cyclization
Authors: Shen Zheng‐Jia , Huang Binbin , Ma Na , Yao Lijuan , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA tunable electrosynthesis of sulfonyl‐ and bromo‐substituted indolo[2,1‐α]isoquinoline derivatives has been disclosed. In this reaction, a variety of easily available 2‐aryl‐N‐acryloyl indoles can readily react with sulfonyl and/or bromine radicals, which are generated from arylsulfonyl hydrazides and potassium bromide respectively, to furnish the valuable sulfonyl‐ and bromo‐substituted benzindolo‐fused polycyclic compounds in moderate to good yields. Control experiment indicated that the reaction proceeds via a radical cascade cyclization pathway. This protocol features broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under transition metal‐free and oxidant‐free conditions.magnified image
Preparing students for residency interviews in the age of COVID: Lessons learned from a standardized video interview preparation program
Authors: Leung Cynthia G. , Malone Matthew , Way David P. , Barrie Michael G. , Kman Nicholas E. , San Miguel Christopher 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated the widescale adoption of video‐based interviewing for residency applications. Video interviews have previously been used in the residency application process through the pilot program of the American Association of Medical Colleges standardized video interview (SVI). We conducted an SVI preparation program with our students over 3 years that consisted of an instructional lecture, deliberate practice in video interviewing, and targeted feedback by emergency medicine faculty. The aim of this investigation was to summarize the feedback students received on their practice SVIs to provide the guidance they need for preparing for the video interviews that will replace in‐person interviews with residency programs.MethodsA retrospective thematic analysis was conducted on faculty feedback provided to students who had completed SVI practice videos in preparation for their application to an EM residency between June 2017 and July 2019. Categorized comments were also sorted by type of faculty feedback: positive reinforcement, constructive criticism, or both.ResultsForty‐six medical students received 334 feedback elements from three faculty. Feedback was balanced between positive reinforcement statements and constructive criticism. Students performed well on appearance and attire, creating a proper recording environment, and response content. They needed the most guidance with the delivery of content and the technical quality of the video.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a need for formal instruction in how to communicate effectively through the video medium. Medical educators will need to formally prepare students for tele‐interviews with residency programs, with an emphasis on communication skills and techniques for improving the quality of their video presentation, including lighting and camera placement.
Short‐term effects of combined organic amendments on soil organic carbon sequestration in a rain‐fed winter wheat system
Authors: Li Xiushuang , Liang Zhiying , Li Yunuo , Zhu Yihui , Tian Xiaohong , Shi Jianglan , Wei Gehong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic input is a widely recognized amendment for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and soil quality improvement. A short‐term (2‐yr) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manure (GM) planting, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw return and farmyard manure application, and their interactions on SOC sequestration in a rain‐fed winter wheat system in Northwest China. Ten combinations of two cultivation practices, conventional wheat monoculture (G0) and green manure–winter wheat rotation (G), and five fertilization methods during the wheat season: (a) no basal fertilization (B0), (b) basal chemical fertilization (B), (c) basal chemical fertilization plus wheat straw return (B + S), (d) basal chemical fertilization plus manure application (B + M) and (e) basal chemical fertilization plus wheat straw return and manure application (B + S+ M) were tested. Compared with their controls, M, S, and G increased the SOC stock in the 0‐to‐10‐cm soil layer by an average of 20.7, 6.8, and 6.3%, respectively, and increased in the 10‐to‐20‐cm soil layer by an average of 15.8, 4.7, and 6.6%, respectively. Manure exhibited a 55.9% carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) in the 0‐to‐20‐cm soil layer, followed by GM and wheat straw which exhibited CSEs of 27.7 and 19.3%, respectively. Nevertheless, combinations of G, M, and S, increased the SOC stock in cumulative manners without significant interactions. Positive relationships (P < .05) existed between the SOC sequestration and cumulative C input in both G0 and G. Therefore, G, S, and M, and their combinations were all effective for SOC sequestration in this cropping system. The G + M+ S was optimal for promoting SOC sequestration over the short term.
Iterative lumping approach for representing lipid feedstocks in fatty acid distillation simulation and optimization
Authors: Nachtergaele Pieter , de Somer Tobias , Gelaude Bastiaan , Hogie Joël , Thybaut Joris W. , de Meester Steven , Drijvers David , Dewulf Jo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe complexity of lipid feedstocks and the lack of data on physical properties hinder the simulation of oleochemical processing units. In this work, an iterative lumping approach is proposed to define an adequate number of key compounds such that diversification between lipid feedstocks becomes possible, while keeping the determination of physical properties as required for process modeling manageable. As a case study, the iterative lumping approach is used for simulation and optimization of a fatty acid distillation plant. For predicting vapor–liquid equilibria of fatty acids, the best results were acquired using the property method universal quasichemical‐Hayden–O'Conell. Using the iterative lumping approach, 11 key compounds were selected to represent the feedstock. The process model properly predicts the product composition, yield, purity and heat duty. The most important process parameters are found to be side‐reflux‐ratio, reboiler‐outlet‐temperature, and heat‐duty of the pitch‐distiller. For optimization, an increase of the side‐reflux‐ratio and reboiler‐outlet‐temperature is recommended.
Hydroyxurea improves cerebral oxygen saturation in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Karkoska Kristine , Quinn Charles T. , Niss Omar , Pfeiffer Amanda , Dong Min , Vinks Alexander A. , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeurologic complications are common in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but conventional tools such as MRI and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) do not fully assess cerebrovascular pathology. Cerebral tissue oximetry measures mixed oxygen saturation in the frontal lobes (SCTO2) and provides early prognostic information about tissue at risk of ischemic injury. Untreated patients with SCA have significantly lower SCTO2 than healthy controls that declines with age. Hydroxyurea is effective in preventing many SCA‐related complications, but the degree to which it preserves normal neurophysiology is unclear. We analyzed participants enrolled in the Therapeutic Response Evaluation and Adherence Trial (TREAT, NCT02286154), which enrolled participants initiating hydroxyurea using individualized dosing (new cohort) and those previously taking hydroxyurea (old cohort) and was designed to monitor the long‐term benefits of hydroxyurea. Cerebral oximetry was performed at baseline and annually. For the new cohort (median starting age = 12 months, n = 55), mean baseline SCTO2 was normal before starting hydroxyurea (mean 65%, 95% CI 58–72%) and significantly increased after 2 years (mean 72%, 95% CI 65–79%, p < .001). The SCTO2 for patients receiving long‐term hydroxyurea (median age = 9.6 years) was normal at study entry (mean 66%, 95% CI 58–74%) and remained stable across 2 years. Both cohorts had significantly higher SCTO2 than published data from predominantly untreated SCA patients. Cerebral oximetry is a non‐invasive method to assess cerebrovascular pathology that complements conventional imaging. Our results indicate that hydroxyurea suggests protection against neurophysiologic changes seen in untreated SCA.
Auditory phenotype of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Authors: Zalewski Christopher K. , Sydlowski Sarah A. , King Kelly A. , Bianconi Simona , Dang Do An , Porter Forbes D. , Brewer Carmen C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital malformation and intellectual disability syndrome resulting from variants in DHCR7. Auditory characteristics of persons with SLOS have been described in limited case reports but have not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study is to describe the auditory phenotype in SLOS. Age‐ and ability‐appropriate hearing evaluations were conducted on 32 patients with SLOS. A subset of 21 had auditory brainstem response testing, from which an auditory neural phenotype is described. Peripheral or retrocochlear auditory dysfunction was observed in at least one ear of 65.6% (21) of the patients in our SLOS cohort. The audiometric phenotype was heterogeneous and included conductive, mixed, and sensorineural hearing loss. The most common presentation was a slight to mild conductive hearing loss, although profound sensorineural hearing loss was also observed. Abnormal auditory brainstem responses indicative of retrocochlear dysfunction were identified in 21.9% of the patients. Many were difficult to test behaviorally and required objective assessment methods to estimate hearing sensitivity. Individuals with SLOS are likely to have hearing loss that may impact communication, including speech and language development. Routine audiologic surveillance should be conducted to ensure prompt management of hearing loss.