bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature of Biotites from the Granitoids of Guwahati and Mayong Areas of Shillong Plateau, Northeastern India and their Petrogenetic Significance
Authors: Doley Dimple , Sarma Gautam , Bhagabaty Balen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intrusive granitoid bodies and quartzofeldspathic gneiss outcrops in the Guwahati and Mayong areas are considered part of the northern extension of the basement gneissic complex of the Shillong Plateau. They are medium to coarse-grained porphyritic granitoids essentially composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, sphene, magnetite, apatite, zircon, allanite, and bastnaesite in different proportions. Mineralogical characteristics of these granitoids reveal that they are monzogranite. The biotites are re-equilibrated in Guwahati granitoids whereas they are primary in Mayong granitoids. Ti-in biotite, Al-in hornblende and mineral assemblage biotite-K-feldspar-magnetite were used to determine temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity during the crystallization of parent magmas. The Guwahati granitoids crystallized and re-equilibrated at temperatures ranging between 602°C and 752°C (avg. 685°C) with pressure (5.2 - 5.6 kbar, avg 5.4 kbar) from low oxidized magmas (log fO2 -16.33 to -14.36 bar), buffered below FMQ to within NNO. The Mayong granitoids crystallized at temperatures range 694°C to 715°C (avg. 705 °C) with pressure (4.7 to 5.1 kbar, avg. 5 kbar) under reduced oxidized condition (log fO2 -17.88 to -17.62 bar) buffered below FMQ. The calc-alkaline nature, low to moderate oxygen fugacity and high H2O (4.5-7.4 wt%) content suggests that Guwahati granitoids emplaced in subduction-related tectonic setting whereas alkaline nature, reduced oxygen fugacity and low content of H2O (2.15 wt%) suggest anorogenic tectonic setting for Mayong granitoids. Also, from the estimated pressure and depth of emplacement conditions it suggests that both the granitoids are mid-level plutons.
Deuterium Excess of Groundwater as a Proxy for Recharge in an Evaporative Environment of a Granitic Aquifer, South India
Authors: Sreedevi P. D. , Sreekanth P. D. , Reddy D. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The deuterium excess (d-excess) is a function of the composition of stable isotopes, oxygen (δ18O), and deuterium (δD) in water. It contains information about initial moisture source, evaporation effects during monsoon, and recirculation of moisture from large inland water. To meet the objectives of this study, a total of seventy-two groundwater samples were collected from bore wells during the pre and post-monsoon seasons, d-excess values vary from - 52.81 to 2.29 ‰ with a mean of-9.90 ‰ and -60.89 to 9.44 ‰ with a mean of -0.7‰ in the pre and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Based on the δ180 concentration groundwater samples are classified into three groups. Group I and II samples having high d-excess with respect to δ180, which indicates the dry conditions in continental local water air and their source of water vapor. Most of the deep groundwater wells (&gt; 20 m bgl) fall under these categories, which indicates low degree of evaporation. Group III samples having low d-excess values and enriched with δ180, indicates that these waters have undergone evaporation to different extents before recharge. Most of the shallow (&lt; 10 m bgl) and moderate groundwater wells (10−20 m bgl) fall under this category, indicating high degree of evapotranspiration originated either from unsaturated or saturated zones. The climatic water balance studies also indicate that the annual average potential evapotranspiration (PET) is higher (2131 mm) than the annual average rainfall (662 mm) in the study period. This study reveals that the diffuse rainfall recharge flows are more dominated to recharge the aquifer during the monsoon season and the past/rainfed recharge flows through preferential pathways along the gradients in the fractured zone are dominated to recharge the aquifer in the post-monsoon season. These processes play a significant role to keep the hydrological balance in areas of high evaporation.
Spatio-temporal Patterns of Land Use Land Cover Changes over a District in Northern India and their Impact on Environment and Society
Authors: Meer Mohammad Suhail , Mishra Anoop Kumar , Rafiq Mohammd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on exploring spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover over Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. There is significant decreases in agriculture, dense forest, and water body over the region with positive changes in the built-up area, aquatic vegetation, horticulture, marshy land, pasture, plantation, and sparse forest. It is interesting to note that Asia’s largest fresh water lake “Wular” which has witnessed a large scale change in its ecosystem falls in the study area. Land use and land cover maps were explored using on screen digitisation generated from series of Landsat data (1979, 2001 and 2018). Environmental parameters like precipitation (both rain and snowfall), temperature and black carbon were analysed in order to relate with land-use and land-cover changes in the study area. Results report decreases of about 23%, 25%, 12%, 60% in agriculture, dense forest, scrub, water body, respectively from 1979 to 2018 in the study area.
Furthermore, increases of about 59%, 58%, 254%, 17% are reported in horticulture, sparse forest, built up and aquatic vegetation, respectively. Decrease in agriculture is attributed to decreased precipitation over study area. A decadal decrease of about 0.5% in precipitation is reported in the study area. Increased horticulture and dependency of population over forest significantly resulted in increased black carbon. This study reports a decadal increase of about 2.2% nm in black carbon in the study area. Reduction in precipitation affected Wular lake by shrinking its fresh water coverage. The fresh water area of the lake is decreased by 75% during 1979 to 2018. As one of the source of water for lake is precipitation in the form of (rain and snow), significant reduction in fresh water of Wular lake poses significant socio-economic impact on the population of study area. Present study highlights the importance of effective government policies for mitigating the impact of significant land use and land cover changes over Bandipora district.
Geotechnical Evaluation of Multi-Layered Simsima Limestone using Bi-Directional Static Load Test (BDSLT)
Authors: Cherian Anil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Static load tests are vital to assess the genuine behaviour of piles to substantiate the geotechnical design parameters and construction approaches. A load testing program was undertaken to determine the working capacity, skin friction, and settlement of drilled shafts in Simsima limestone, the predominant foundation stratum in Doha, Qatar. The weathering profile of the Simsima limestone is complex with the degree of weathering likely to increase with depth. This paper presents the performance of three preliminary instrumented bored cast-in-situ test piles (Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3) by Bi-directional static load test (BDSLT) using sacrificial hydraulic jacks, socketed in the weathering zones of Simsima limestone formation in Lusail FIFA World Cup 2022 stadium project, Qatar. The test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauge technology and were load tested using the BDSLT loading method to determine the pile-rock interactions within the various weathering zones of Simsima limestone. The unit shaft friction values obtained from the load test are compared with the initial design values. Results indicate that the skin friction was increased from values reported before pile load testing and was used for the optimization of pile design. BDSLT method with strain gauge instrumentation is a modern tool in value engineering of pile design to provide accurate information to the Qatar infrastructure foundation industry.
SurEau: a mechanistic model of plant water relations under extreme drought
Authors: Cochard Hervé , Pimont François , Ruffault Julien , Martin-StPaul Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message
A new process-based model,SurEau, is described. It predicts the risk of xylem hydraulic failure under drought.

Context
The increase in drought intensity due to climate change will accentuate the risk of tree mortality. But very few process-based models are currently able to predict this mortality risk.

Aims
We describe the operating principle of a new mechanistic model SurEau that computes the water balance, water relations, and hydraulics of a plant under extreme drought.

Methods
SurEau is based on the formalization of key physiological processes of plant response to water stress. The hydraulic and hydric functioning of the plant is at the core of this model, which focuses on both water flows (i.e., hydraulic) and water pools (i.e., hydric) using variable hydraulic conductances. The model considers the elementary flow of water from the soil to the atmosphere through different plant organs that are described by their symplasmic and apoplasmic compartments. For each organ, the symplasm is described by a pressure-volume curve and the apoplasm by its vulnerability curve to cavitation. The model is evaluated on mature oak trees exposed to water stress.

Results
On the tested oak trees, the model captures well the observed soil water balance, water relations, and level of embolism. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the level of embolism is strongly determined by air VPD and key physiological traits such as cuticular transpiration, resistance to cavitation, and leaf area.

Conclusion
The process-based SurEau model offers new opportunities to evaluate how different species or genotypes will respond to future climatic conditions.
A REDCap-based model for online interventional research: Parent sleep education in autism
Authors: Malow Beth A. , Galion Anjalee , Lu Frances , Kennedy Nan , Lawrence Colleen E. , Tassone Alison , O’Neal Lindsay , Wilson Travis M. , Parker Robert A. , Harris Paul A. , Neumeyer Ann M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The use of online platforms for pediatric healthcare research is timely, given the current pandemic. These platforms facilitate trial efficiency integration including electronic consent, randomization, collection of patient/family survey data, delivery of an intervention, and basic data analysis.

Methods:
We created an online digital platform for a multicenter study that delivered an intervention for sleep disorders to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An advisory parent group provided input. Participants were randomized to receive either a sleep education pamphlet only or the sleep education pamphlet plus three quick-tips sheets and two videos that reinforced the material in the pamphlet (multimedia materials). Three measures – Family Inventory of Sleep Habits (FISH), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire modified for ASD (CSHQ-ASD), and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) – were completed before and after 12 weeks of sleep education.

Results:
Enrollment exceeded recruitment goals. Trial efficiency was improved, especially in data entry and automatic notification of participants related to survey completion. Most families commented favorably on the study. While study measures did not improve with treatment in either group (pamphlet or multimedia materials), parents reporting an improvement of ≥3 points in the FISH score showed a significantly improved change in the total CSHQ (P = 0.038).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using online research delivery platforms to support studies in ASD, and more broadly, pediatric clinical and translational research. Online platforms may increase participant inclusion in enrollment and increase convenience and safety for participants and study personnel.
Getting Time Right: Using Cox Models and Probabilities to Interpret Binary Panel Data
Authors: Metzger Shawna K. , Jones Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLogit and probit (L/P) models are a mainstay of binary time-series cross-sectional (BTSCS) analyses. Researchers include cubic splines or time polynomials to acknowledge the temporal element inherent in these data. However, L/P models cannot easily accommodate three other aspects of the data’s temporality: whether covariate effects are conditional on time, whether the process of interest is causally complex, and whether our functional form assumption regarding time’s effect is correct. Failing to account for any of these issues amounts to misspecification bias, threatening our inferences’ validity. We argue scholars should consider using Cox duration models when analyzing BTSCS data, as they create fewer opportunities for such misspecification bias, while also having the ability to assess the same hypotheses as L/P. We use Monte Carlo simulations to bring new evidence to light showing Cox models perform just as well—and sometimes better—than logit models in a basic BTSCS setting, and perform considerably better in more complex BTSCS situations. In addition, we highlight a new interpretation technique for Cox models—transition probabilities—to make Cox model results more readily interpretable. We use an application from interstate conflict to demonstrate our points.
Multi-Label Prediction for Political Text-as-Data
Authors: Erlich Aaron , Dantas Stefano G. , Bagozzi Benjamin E. , Berliner Daniel , Palmer-Rubin Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolitical scientists increasingly use supervised machine learning to code multiple relevant labels from a single set of texts. The current “best practice” of individually applying supervised machine learning to each label ignores information on inter-label association(s), and is likely to under-perform as a result. We introduce multi-label prediction as a solution to this problem. After reviewing the multi-label prediction framework, we apply it to code multiple features of (i) access to information requests made to the Mexican government and (ii) country-year human rights reports. We find that multi-label prediction outperforms standard supervised learning approaches, even in instances where the correlations among one’s multiple labels are low.
Dietary amylose:amylopectin ratio influences the expression of amino acid transporters and enzyme activities for amino acid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of goats
Authors: Lv Xiaokang , Zhou Chuanshe , Ran Tao , Jiao Jinzhen , Liu Yong , Tan Zhiliang , Tang Shaoxun , Kang Jinhe , Xie Jingjing , Chen Liang , Ren Ao , Xv Qixiang , Kong Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary starch structure on muscle protein synthesis and gastrointestinal amino acid (AA) transport and metabolism of goats. Twenty-seven Xiangdong black female goats (average body weight = 9·00 ± 1·12 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments, i.e., fed a T1 (normal maize 100 %, high amylose maize 0 %), T2 (normal maize 50 %, high amylose maize 50 %) and T3 (normal maize 0 %, high amylose maize 100 %) diet for 35 d. All AA in the ileal mucosa were decreased linearly as amylose:amylopectin increased in diets (P < 0·05). The plasma valine (linear, P = 0·03), leucine (linear, P = 0·04) and total AA content (linear, P = 0·03) increased linearly with the increase in the ratio of amylose in the diet. The relative mRNA levels of solute carrier family 38 member 1 (linear, P = 0·01), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (linear, P = 0·02) and solute carrier family 38 member 9 (linear, P = 0·02) in the ileum increased linearly with the increase in the ratio of amylose in the diet. With the increase in the ratio of amylose:amylopectin in the diet, the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase B (linear, P = 0·04), branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (linear, P = 0·02) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex B (linear, P = 0·01) in the ileum decreased linearly. Our results revealed that the protein abundances of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) (P < 0·001), phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (P < 0·001) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 (P < 0·001) of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T1. In general, a diet with a high amylose ratio could reduce the consumption of AA in the intestine, allowing more AA to enter the blood to maintain higher muscle protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway.
Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. military veterans: a population-based, prospective cohort study
Authors: Hill Melanie L. , Nichter Brandon , Na Peter J. , Norman Sonya B. , Morland Leslie A. , Krystal John H. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused myriad health, social, and economic stressors. To date, however, no known study has examined changes in mental health during the pandemic in the U.S. military veteran population.MethodsData were analyzed from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort survey of 3078 veterans. Pre-to-peri-pandemic changes in psychiatric symptoms were evaluated, as well as pre-pandemic risk and protective factors and pandemic-related correlates of increased psychiatric distress.ResultsThe prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) positive screens increased from pre- to peri-pandemic (7.1% to 9.4%; p < 0.001) and was driven by an increase among veterans aged 45–64 years (8.2% to 13.5%; p < 0.001), but the prevalence of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder positive screens remained stable. Using a continuous measure of psychiatric distress, an estimated 13.2% of veterans reported a clinically meaningful pre-to-peri-pandemic increase in distress (mean = 1.1 standard deviation). Veterans with a larger pre-pandemic social network size and secure attachment style were less likely to experience increased distress, whereas veterans reporting more pre-pandemic loneliness were more likely to experience increased distress. Concerns about pandemic-related social losses, mental health COVID-19 effects, and housing stability during the pandemic were associated with increased distress, over-and-above pre-pandemic factors.ConclusionsAlthough most U.S. veterans showed resilience to mental health problems nearly 1 year into the pandemic, the prevalence of GAD positive screens increased, particularly among middle-aged veterans, and one of seven veterans experienced increased distress. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Manufacturing in Puritan rural towns in New England 1630–60: ‘A Miller Never Goes to Heaven’
Authors: Mullin John R. , Kotval Zenia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article is an analysis of the influence of blacksmiths, and saw and grain millers on the development of Puritan communities in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1630 and 1660. During this period these artisans played a significant role in defining the physical form of the rural Puritan town and its economic development, without intent and in a social and cultural climate where they were often disliked and distrusted. This article focuses on the impacts of these manufacturers on the formation and physical character of Puritan communities in New England.
OBSERVABILITY OF BAOUENDI–GRUSHIN-TYPE EQUATIONS THROUGH RESOLVENT ESTIMATES
Authors: Letrouit Cyril , Sun Chenmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study the observability (or equivalently, the controllability) of some subelliptic evolution equations depending on their step. This sheds light on the speed of propagation of these equations, notably in the ‘degenerated directions’ of the subelliptic structure.First, for any

$\gamma \geq 1$
, we establish a resolvent estimate for the Baouendi–Grushin-type operator

$\Delta _{\gamma }=\partial _x^2+\left \lvert x\right \rvert ^{2\gamma }\partial _y^2$
, which has step

$\gamma +1$
. We then derive consequences for the observability of the Schrödinger-type equation

$i\partial _tu-\left (-\Delta _{\gamma }\right )^{s}u=0$
, where

$s\in \mathbb N$
. We identify three different cases: depending on the value of the ratio

$(\gamma +1)/s$
, observability may hold in arbitrarily small time or only for sufficiently large times or may even fail for any time.As a corollary of our resolvent estimate, we also obtain observability for heat-type equations

$\partial _tu+\left (-\Delta _{\gamma }\right )^su=0$
and establish a decay rate for the damped wave equation associated with

$\Delta _{\gamma }$
.
Entwicklung und Validierung einer Kurzskala zur Einschätzung der Akzeptanz von Schulentwicklungsprojekten (A-SEW)
Authors: Carmignola Matteo , Hofmann Franz , Gniewosz Burkhard 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Schulentwicklungsarbeit und Reformprojekte sind im Alltag von Lehrpersonen sehr präsent, obgleich nicht immer hohe Akzeptanz und Teilnahmemotivation für die Projekte berichtet werden. Aus der Schulentwicklungsforschung ist bekannt, dass der Implementationserfolg von Innovationen maßgeblich von den Charakteristika des Projektes und der Akzeptanz der beteiligten Personen abhängt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf Basis eines kognitiven Motivationsmodells eine dreidimensionale Akzeptanzskala für Schulentwicklungsprojekte präsentiert, die für eine Stichprobe von N = 1 453 Lehrpersonen validiert wurde. Der Modellvergleich bestätigt eine Drei-Faktoren-Lösung mit den Dimensionen Sinnhaftigkeit, Zweckmäßigkeit und Praktikabilität, ebenso wie eine Messinvarianz für die Variablen Geschlecht, Schulform und Berufserfahrung. Die hier präsentierte Kurzskala kann für formative und summative Evaluationsvorhaben sowie für die empirische Schul‍(entwicklungs)‌forschung eingesetzt werden.
SEEQ-DE
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Grassinger Robert , Engelschalk Tobias , Dresel Markus 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Berichtet wird die Konstruktion und Überprüfung einer deutschsprachigen Adaption des Fragebogens „Student Evaluation of Educational Quality“ (SEEQ) von Marsh (1982 , 2007 ), ein umfassend überprüftes und international etabliertes Instrument zur Erfassung von Studierendenurteilen der Lehrqualität. Es wurde übersetzt, geringfügig erweitert und anhand einer Stichprobe von 76 687 Studierendenurteilen zu 3 660 Lehrveranstaltungen überprüft. Interne Konsistenzen und Intraklassenkorrelationen indizierten eine hohe Messgenauigkeit. Faktorenanalysen bestätigten die im SEEQ unterschiedenen Dimensionen. Neben den Produktfaktoren (Lernzuwachs, Gesamtbeurteilung) ließen sich als Faktoren des Lehrhandelns Engagement, Stoffstrukturierung und -präsentation, Aktivierung der Studierenden, Sozialklima, Stoffbreite, Leistungsbewertung und Aufgaben wie im Originalinstrument unterscheiden. Mit der Adaption wird studentische Beiträge als optionaler Faktor vorgeschlagen. Das Instrument erwies sich als messinvariant über verschiedene Veranstaltungsformen hinweg. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass mit der deutschsprachigen Adaption des SEEQ die Qualität hochschulischer Lehre international anschlussfähig und mit hoher Güte erfasst werden kann.