bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of 30% relative decline in MRI-PDFF in predicting fibrosis regression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Munaganuru Nagambika , Jung Jinho , Yonan Aed Qas , Loomba Rohan R , Bettencourt Richele , Ajmera Veeral , Valasek Mark A , Behling Cynthia , Sirlin Claude B , Loomba Rohit 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveEmerging data suggest that a 30% relative decline in liver fat, as assessed by MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), may be associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score improvement, but the association between decline in MRI-PDFF and fibrosis regression is not known. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between ≥30% relative decline in MRI-PDFF and fibrosis regression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).DesignThis prospective study included 100 well-characterised patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with paired contemporaneous MRI-PDFF assessment at two time points. MRI-PDFF response was defined as ≥30% relative decline in MRI-PDFF. Theprimary outcomewas ≥1 stage histological fibrosis regression.ResultsThe median (IQR) age was 54 (43–62) years and body mass index was 31.9 (29–36) kg/m2. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, gender, diabetes status, race/ethnicity, interval between biopsies, gamma-glutamyl transferase, liver stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography and change in platelet counts), MRI-PDFF response was an independent predictor of fibrosis regression with an adjusted OR of 6.46 (95% CI 1.1 to 37.0, p=0.04). The proportion of patients with MRI-PDFF response with fibrosis regression, no change in fibrosis and fibrosis progression was 40.0%, 24.6% and 13.0%, respectively, and the proportion of patients with MRI-PDFF response increased with fibrosis regression (p=0.03).Conclusion≥30% reduction in MRI-PDFF in early phase trials can provide a useful estimate of odds of ≥1 stage improvement in fibrosis. These data may be helpful in sample size estimation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis trials.
Utilizing dual energy CT to distinguish blood from contrast leakage following middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Naveed Mujtaba Zaki , Wang Peter , Lee Ryan , Taghipour Mehdi , Brady Paul 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundRecently, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has emerged as a potential alternative treatment option for chronic subdural hematomas (SDH). Imaging following MMA embolization often shows high density material in the subdural space, usually representing contrast leakage through the dura or, less commonly, hemorrhage. These cannot be reliably differentiated on conventional CT. Dual energy CT (DECT) provides the ability to differentiate materials that otherwise appear similar on conventional CT such as blood and iodine.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted to evaluate patients who underwent MMA embolization for SDH between May 2019 and April 2020. Post-procedural head CT performed on an IQon Elite Spectral CT detector-based DECT scanner enabled two-material decomposition to separate iodine from blood. The dual energy reconstructions used included the virtual non-contrast and iodine no-water images.ResultsFour representative illustrative cases were selected to highlight the ability of DECT to characterize new hyperdensity on head CT following MMA embolization as blood, contrast or a combination.ConclusionsDECT allows objective differentiation of contrast leakage from blood following MMA embolization. This technology can obviate the need for additional follow-up scanning and prolonged patient observation, which in turn can result in reduced costs and radiation exposure to patients.
Heart rate and adverse outcomes in patients with prevalent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Moschovitis Giorgio , Johnson Linda S B , Blum Steffen , Aeschbacher Stefanie , De Perna Maria Luisa , Pagnamenta Alberto , Mayer Melchiorre Patrizia Assunta , Benz Alexander P , Kobza Richard , Di Valentino Marcello , Zuern Christine S , Auricchio Angelo , Conte Giulio , Rodondi Nicolas , Blum Manuel R , Beer Juerg H , Kühne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Conen David 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe optimal target heart rate in patients with prevalent atrial fibrillation (AF) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between heart rate and adverse outcomes in a large contemporary cohort of patients with prevalent AF.MethodsFrom two prospective cohort studies, we included stable AF outpatients who were in AF on the baseline ECG. The main outcome events assessed during prospective follow-up were heart failure hospitalisation, stroke or systemic embolism and death. The associations between heart rate and adverse outcomes were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsThe study population consisted of 1679 patients who had prevalent AF at baseline. Mean age was 74 years, and 24.6% were women. The mean heart rate on the baseline ECG was 78 (±19) beats per minute (bpm). The median follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 2.2–5.0). Heart rate was not significantly associated with heart failure hospitalisation (adjusted HR (aHR) per 10 bpm increase, 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.07, p=0.95), stroke or systemic embolism (aHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.07, p=0.38) or death (aHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.09, p=0.66). There was no evidence of a threshold effect for heart rates <60 bpm or>100 bpm.ConclusionsIn this large contemporary cohort of outpatients with prevalent AF, we found no association between heart rate and adverse outcome events. These data are in line with recommendations that strict heart rate control is not needed in otherwise stable outpatients with AF.
CP violation in non-leptonic $$B_c$$ decays to excited final states
Authors: Zhou Tian , Wang Tianhong , Fu Hui-Feng , Wang Zhi-Hui , Huo Lei , Wang Guo-Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the CP violation in two-body nonleptonic decays of $$B_c$$

B
c

meson. We concentrate on the decay channels which contain at least one excited heavy meson in the final states. Specifically, the following channels are considered: $$B_c\rightarrow c{\bar{c}}(2S, 2P)+{\bar{c}}q(1S, 1P)$$

B
c

→
c

c

¯

(
2
S
,
2
P
)

+

c

¯

q

(
1
S
,
1
P
)

, $$B_c\rightarrow c{\bar{c}}(1S)+{\bar{c}}q(2S, 2P)$$

B
c

→
c

c

¯

(
1
S
)

+

c

¯

q

(
2
S
,
2
P
)

, $$B_c\rightarrow c{\bar{c}}(1P)+{\bar{c}}q(2S)$$

B
c

→
c

c

¯

(
1
P
)

+

c

¯

q

(
2
S
)

, $$B_c\rightarrow c{\bar{c}}(1D)+{\bar{c}}q(1S, 1P)$$

B
c

→
c

c

¯

(
1
D
)

+

c

¯

q

(
1
S
,
1
P
)

, and $$B_c\rightarrow c{\bar{c}}(3S)+{\bar{c}}q(1S)$$

B
c

→
c

c

¯

(
3
S
)

+

c

¯

q

(
1
S
)

. The improved Bethe-Salpeter method is applied to calculate the hadronic transition matrix element. Our results show that some decay modes have large branching ratios, which is of the order of $$10^{-3}$$

10

-
3

. The CP violation effect in $$B_c \rightarrow \eta _c(1S)+D(2S)$$

B
c

→

η
c

(
1
S
)

+
D

(
2
S
)

, $$B_c \rightarrow \eta _c(1S)+D_0^{*}(2P)$$

B
c

→

η
c

(
1
S
)

+

D
0

∗

(
2
P
)

, and $$B_c \rightarrow J/\psi +D^{*}(2S)$$

B
c

→
J
/
ψ
+

D

∗

(
2
S
)

are most likely to be found. If the detection precision of the CP asymmetry in such channels can reach the $$3\sigma $$

3
σ

level, at least $$10^7$$

10
7

$$B_c$$

B
c

events are needed.
One-loop corrections to the two-body decays of the charged Higgs bosons in the real and complex NMSSM
Authors: Dao Thi Nhung , Mühlleitner Margarete , Patel Shruti , Sakurai Kodai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the full next-to-leading order supersymmetric (SUSY) electroweak and SUSY-QCD corrections to the on-shell two-body decays of the charged Higgs bosons in the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) allowing also for CP violation. We furthermore provide the possibility to choose between different renormalization schemes in the electroweakino and the squark and slepton sectors. Our corrections are implemented in the code and thus complete the one-loop corrections of the charged Higgs boson decays which so far only included the state-of-the-art QCD corrections and the resummed SUSY-electroweak and SUSY-QCD corrections. We investigate the impact of the NLO corrections including the newly computed higher-order corrections for each decay mode in a wide range of the parameter space that is allowed by the theoretical and experimental constraints as well as the effect of CP violation and the dependence on the choice of the renormalization scheme. The new version of is made publicly available.
Neural Networks for Entity Matching: A Survey
Authors: Barlaug Nils , Gulla Jon Atle 
Published: April 2021

Entity matching is the problem of identifying which records refer to the same real-world entity. It has been actively researched for decades, and a variety of different approaches have been developed. Even today, it remains a challenging problem, and there is still generous room for improvement. In recent years, we have seen new methods based upon deep learning techniques for natural language processing emerge.In this survey, we present how neural networks have been used for entity matching. Specifically, we identify which steps of the entity matching process existing work have targeted using neural networks, and provide an overview of the different techniques used at each step. We also discuss contributions from deep learning in entity matching compared to traditional methods, and propose a taxonomy of deep neural networks for entity matching.
Mas Receptor Blockade Promotes Renal Vascular Response to Ang II after Partial Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion in a Two-Kidney-One-Clip Hypertensive Rats Model
Authors: Karimi Farzaneh , Nematbakhsh Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

Background. Partial kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the principal cause of acute kidney injury. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and hypertension also may be influenced by renal IR injury. In two models of partial renal IR with and without ischemia preconditioning (IPC) and using Mas receptor (MasR) blockade, A779 or its vehicle, the renal vascular responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) administration in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats were determined. Methods. Thirty-seven 2K1C male Wistar rats with systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg were randomly divided into three groups; sham, IR, and IPC + IR. The animals in the sham group underwent surgical procedures except partial IR. The rats in the IR group underwent 45 min partial kidney ischemia, and the animals in the IPC + IR group underwent two 5 min cycles of partial kidney ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion and partial kidney ischemia for 45 min. The renal vascular responses to graded Ang II (30, 100, 300, and 1000 ng kg−1.min−1) infusion using A779 or its vehicle were measured at constant renal perfusion pressure. Results. Four weeks after 2K1C implementation, the intravenous infusion of graded Ang II resulted in dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (

P

dose < 0.0001) that was not different significantly between the groups. No significant differences were detected between the groups in renal blood flow (RBF) or renal vascular resistance (RVR) responses to Ang II infusion when MasR was not blocked. However, by MasR blockade, these responses were increased in IR and IPC + IR groups that were significantly different from the sham group (

P

< 0.05). For example, infusion of Ang II at dose 1000 ng kg−1.min−1 resulted in decreased RBF percentage change (RBF%) from the baseline to 17.5 ± 1.9%, 39.7 ± 3.8%, and 31.0 ± 3.4% in sham, IR, and IPC + IR, respectively. Conclusion. These data revealed the important role of MasR after partial kidney IR in the responses of RBF and RVR to Ang II administration in 2K1C hypertensive rats.
Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Restore the MMP/TIMP Balance in Models of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the Activation of the NF-
κ
B
and PI3K/AKT Pathways
Authors: Chen Guang-Yao , Chen Jia-Qi , Liu Xiao-Yu , Xu Yuan , Luo Jing , Wang Yi-Fei , Zhou Tong-Liang , Yan Ze-Ran , Zhou Li , Tao Qing-Wen 
Published: April 2021

Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) have been shown to have beneficial effects on osteoarthritis (OA) clinically, but the mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of TFRD on articular cartilage in an OA rat model established by the Hulth method and in SW1353 chondrocytes induced by the proinflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The results showed that TFRD could alleviate the pathological changes in knee cartilage in OA model rats. In vivo, the qPCR analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, were decreased, while tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases- (TIMP-) 4 was increased in cartilage, and these changes could be partially prevented by TFRD. In vitro experiments showed that IL-1β could significantly increase the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and decrease the expression of TIMP-4 in SW1353 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. TFRD could increase the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 and decrease the expression of TIMP-4. Transfection of siRNA and addition of pathway inhibitors were used to clarify that inhibition of NF-

κ
B

and PI3K/AKT pathway decreased MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and increased TIMP-4 expression. We also found that in IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells, TFRD pretreatment had a modest inhibitory effect on p-AKT (Ser473) and reversed the increase of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-

κ
B

) p65 in nuclear fraction and the decrease of inhibitor of NF-

κ
B

I
κ
B

-

α

in the cytosolic fraction. Further immunofluorescence confirmed that TFRD can inhibit IL-1β-induced NF-

κ
B

p65 translocation to the nucleus to some extent. In conclusion, TFRD showed chondroprotective effects by restoring the MMP/TIMP balance in OA models by suppressing the activation of the NF-

κ
B

and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Overweight or Obese Donors in Cachectic Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study
Authors: de Clercq Nicolien C. , van den Ende Tom , Prodan Andrei , Hemke Robert , Davids Mark , Pedersen Helle K. , Nielsen Henrik B. , Groen A.K. , de Vos Willem M. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome, associated with poor survival in patients with cancer, and is influenced by the gut microbiota. We investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cachexia and treatment response in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer.

Experimental Design:
In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in the Amsterdam University Medical Center, we assigned 24 cachectic patients with metastatic HER2-negative gastroesophageal cancer to either allogenic FMT (healthy obese donor) or autologous FMT, prior to palliative chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin). Primary objective was to assess the effect of allogenic FMT on satiety. Secondary outcomes were other features of cachexia, along with disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Finally, exploratory analyses were performed on the effect of FMT on gut microbiota composition (metagenomic sequencing) and metabolites (untargeted metabolomics).

Results:
Allogenic FMT did not improve any of the cachexia outcomes. Patients in the allogenic group (n = 12) had a higher DCR at 12 weeks (P = 0.035) compared with the autologous group (n = 12), longer median OS of 365 versus 227 days [HR = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14–1.05; P = 0.057] and PFS of 204 versus 93 days (HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.21–1.20; P = 0.092). Patients in the allogenic group showed a significant shift in fecal microbiota composition after FMT (P = 0.010) indicating proper engraftment of the donor microbiota.

Conclusions:
FMT from a healthy obese donor prior to first-line chemotherapy did not affect cachexia, but may have improved response and survival in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. These results provide a rational for larger FMT trials.
Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in American Indian Adults in a Tribal Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Stavrakis Stavros , Elkholey Khaled , Lofgren Marty M. , Asad Zain U. A. , Stephens Lancer D. , Freedman Ben 
Published: April 2021

Background
American Indian adults have a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with other racial groups. We implemented opportunistic screening to detect silent AF in American Indian adults attending a tribal health system using a mobile, single‐lead ECG device.

Methods and Results

American Indian patients aged ≥50 years followed in a tribal primary care clinic with no history of AF underwent a 30‐second ECG. A cardiologist overread all tracings to confirm the diagnosis of AF. After AF was confirmed, patients were referred to their primary care physician for initiation of anticoagulation. Patients seen over the same time period, who were not undergoing screening, served as controls. A total of 1019 patients received AF screening (mean age, 61.5±8.9 years, 62% women). Age and sex distribution of those screened was similar to the overall clinic population. New AF was diagnosed in 15 of 1019 (1.5%) patients screened versus 4 of 1267 (0.3%) patients who were not screened (mean difference, 1.2%; 95% CI, 0.3%–2.2%,
P
=0.002). Eight of 15 with new screen‐detected AF were aged <65 years. Those with screen‐detected AF were slightly older and had a higher CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score than those without AF. Fourteen of 15 patients diagnosed with new AF had a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score ≥1 and initiated anticoagulation.

Conclusions
Opportunistic, mobile single‐lead ECG screening for AF is feasible in tribal clinics, and detects more AF than usual care, leading to appropriate initiation of anticoagulation. AF develops at a younger age in American Indian adults who would likely benefit from earlier AF screening.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03740477.
Morphology Matters: A Multilingual Language Modeling Analysis
Authors: Park Hyunji Hayley , Zhang Katherine J. , Haley Coleman , Steimel Kenneth , Liu Han , Schwartz Lane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrior studies in multilingual language modeling (e.g., Cotterell et al., 2018; Mielke et al., 2019) disagree on whether or not inflectional morphology makes languages harder to model. We attempt to resolve the disagreement and extend those studies. We compile a larger corpus of 145 Bible translations in 92 languages and a larger number of typological features.1 We fill in missing typological data for several languages and consider corpus-based measures of morphological complexity in addition to expert-produced typological features. We find that several morphological measures are significantly associated with higher surprisal when LSTM models are trained with BPE-segmented data. We also investigate linguistically motivated subword segmentation strategies like Morfessor and Finite-State Transducers (FSTs) and find that these segmentation strategies yield better performance and reduce the impact of a language’s morphology on language modeling.
Trends in Cochlear Implantation in Texas: An Exploration of Outpatient Discharge Data, 2010 to 2017
Authors: Balachandra Sanjana , Xierali Imam M. , Nivet Marc A. , Hunter Jacob B. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To describe trends in cochlear implantation (CI) disparities in Texas using an all-payer database from 2010 to 2017. Methods: Texas Outpatient Surgical and Radiological Procedure Data, a public use data file, was accessed to analyze outpatient CI cases for Texas. Variables analyzed include patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. Population data from the American Community Survey generated CI utilization rates by patient demographic characteristics. Results: There were 6158 CI cases identified during the study period. The number of CI per year nearly doubled from 497 in 2010 to 961 in 2017. The majority of CI recipients were white (59.5%), male (51.9%), and privately insured (47.9%). All sub-populations statewide had more CI in 2017 compared to 2010, with the overall CI per 100 000 population increasing from 1.98 to 3.50 per 100 000 population. Patients over 75 demonstrated the greatest increase in the CI rate per 100 000 population, increasing from 4.60 in 2010 to 14.30 in 2017. Regarding race/ethnicity, all sub-populations noted an increase in the CI per 100 000 population, with white patients demonstrating the highest rate in 2017, at 4.36 CI per 100 000 population. Asian patients had a 502% increase in the CI rate (from 0.42 to 2.53), compared with 87.9%, 84.4%, and 69.2% increases for white, Black, and Hispanic populations, respectively. Conclusions: CI became more widespread between 2010 and 2017, benefiting certain populations more than others. Black and Hispanic populations had lower CI per 100 000 population than their white peers, while patients >65 years of age accounted for the greatest increase in CI.
Revisiting the Sustainability of India’s Fiscal Deficit
Authors: Devi Manisha , Sarma Amiya 
Published: April 2021

Growing fiscal deficit and public debt has been a cause of concern for the government, economists and the policymakers of India since long. Various studies have tried to test the sustainability issue of India’s fiscal policies applying various methodologies time to time. However, the results obtained are ambiguous. Such ambiguity might emerge because of the various methodologies adopted for the respective studies. In view of this, the current study attempts to revisit the sustainability issue of India’s fiscal deficit using up-to-date time series methodologies on the annual data sets ranging from the time period 1981 to 2019. Apart from this, the study also tries to verify the results using a model based on fiscal reaction function (FRF) developed by Henning Bohn. The study found the fiscal deficit of India to be sustainable. JEL Classification: H61, H62, H63, H68
Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemorrhage after gynecologic hysterectomy: a multicenter study
Authors: Chen Cheng Shi , Cho Young-Jong , Shin Ji Hoon , Kim Jeong Ho , Park Suyoung , Jeon Gyeong Sik , Ibrahim Alrashidi , Li Hai-Liang , Jeong Boryeong 
Published: April 2021

Background Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is not common for hemorrhagic complications after gynecologic hysterectomy. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TAE for hemorrhage after hysterectomy for gynecologic diseases. Material and Methods This is a retrospective, multicenter study, which investigated 11 patients (median age = 45 years) who underwent TAE for hemorrhage after gynecologic hysterectomy between 2004 and 2020. Results The median interval between surgery and angiography was one day (range = 0–82 days). Hemodynamic instability and massive transfusion were present in 6 (54.5%) and 4 (36.4%) patients, respectively. CT scans (n = 7) showed contrast extravasation (n = 5), pseudoaneurysm (n = 1), or both (n = 1). On angiography, the bleeding arteries were the anterior division branches of the internal iliac artery (IIA) (n = 6), posterior division branch (lateral sacral artery, n = 1), and inferior epigastric artery (n = 1) in eight patients with active bleeding. In the remaining three patients, angiographic staining without active bleeding foci was observed at the vaginal stump, and the feeders for staining were all anterior division branches of the IIA. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 90.9% (10/11), respectively. In one patient, active bleeding focus was successfully embolized on angiography, but surgical hemostasis was performed for suspected bleeding on exploratory laparotomy. Postembolization syndrome occurred in one patient. Conclusions TAE is effective and safe for hemorrhage after hysterectomy for gynecologic diseases. Angiographic findings are primarily active bleeding, but angiographic staining is not uncommon. A bleeding focus is possible in any branch of the IIA, as well as the arteries supplying the abdominal wall.