bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapezoidal Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers and Their Applications to Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Problems
Authors: Deli Irfan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an extension theory of the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers under intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets called trapezoidal hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy number (THIF-number). This new theory provides very effectively to model uncertainties of some events by several different trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers based on the same support set in the set of real numbers R. Also, to demonstrate the application of this theory, a new multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM) method based on THIF-numbers is presented. To do this, we first propose

operations of THIF-numbers with properties. We second give score, standard deviation degree, deviation degree of THIF-numbers to compare THIF-numbers. We third develop geometric operators and arithmetic operators of THIF-number. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the application of the developed method in THIF-numbers.
Analysis of three decades of sugarcane researches focusing on ethanol and bioethanol.
Authors: Sabour Mohammad Reza , Tajvar Arsham , Hatami Amir Mostafa , Mohamadi Fateme 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biofuel production from sugarcane has been researched in terms of the environment. Performing a bibliometric method and visual network analysis, the purpose of this study is to assess the trends in sugarcane and bioethanol researches and recognize the associated hotspots based on 4958 publications from 1991 to 2020. The geographical distribution of articles and per capita sugarcane production in the world were also examined. As a widely used database in the field of bibliometric, the Scopus database was used in this research to collect relevant literature. The research method includes the bibliometric analysis of documents and citations, subject categories, journals, countries, institutions, authors, geographical distribution status of articles and annual sugarcane production, top articles. Finally, the social network of the author's keywords was reviewed. The VOSviewer software was used for performing graphic maps showing the co-authorship and communication of countries, authors and keywords. The results show a high growth in the number of published documents in this field and the tendency change from agricultural sciences to environmental sciences in documents and journals. Based on the study's gained results, Brazil is the undisputed leader, publishing 43.8% of the documents in last three decades, followed by the USA and India.
Shape and position design of two-step micro-channel on plate during rubber pad forming process based on simulation
Authors: Teng Fei , Wang Hongyu , Wang Guodong , Jiang Lei , Li Jirui , Shi Shengnan , Sun Juncai , Sun Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rubber pad forming is an advanced processing technology. The micro-channel is formed on the plate by both rubber pad and the metal mold. With the development of micro-channel, a two-step micro-channel has been applied in more and more fields. However, little attention was given to the design during rubber pad forming process for these unique channels. In this paper, the rubber pad forming process of an entire plate with two-step channels is studied. In order to find the suitable design, the main parameters of the two-step micro-channel are discussed. Not only for the geometric ones for structures like: length, width, edge chamfer and the height ratio of first to second step, but also for the spatial distribution like: the number and distance of two-step micro-channels in the entire plate. Matlab is used to study the influences on the final forming results because of the various parameters. Moreover, a better design of the plate with two-step micro-channels are provided. Finally, based on the FEM and forming experiments, a design strategy is provided by forming results in conclusions.
Internet Addiction Among Medical and Non-Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic, Tanta University, Egypt
Authors: Shehata Walaa M. , Abdeldaim Doaa E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Internet addiction is one of the most growing addictive behaviors worldwide, especially among university students affecting their physical and mental health negatively. It increased significantly during period of unusual events of COVOD-19 pandemic. Aim: To assess the level of internet addiction among medical and non-medical students in Tanta University, Egypt.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during October and November 2020. It included 373 students from faculty of medicine and 373 non-medical students from faculty of science. The validated (IAT-20) was used to assess the level of internet addiction among these students.Results: 51.7% of medical students were found severe internet addicts and 43.4% of them were possible addicts compared to only 11.3% of non- medical students were severely addicted to internet and 68.9% of them were possible addicts with statistically significant difference between them. Female students of both colleges were found addicted to internet than males.Conclusions: Medical students and female medical and non-medical students suffered from severe internet addiction more than non-medical and male ones.Recommendations: Appropriate awareness creation intervention strategies should be implemented to decrease the level of internet addiction among university students and to reduce its harmful and negative consequences.
Effect of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Urinary Bladder Matrix Scaffold on the Structure and Function of Autografted Rat Ovaries
Authors: Xing Yanyan , Zhao Wei , Li Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian transplantation has unique advantages in the preservation of female fertility, especially in young women with cancer who need chemotherapy. However, a large number of follicles are lost because of ischemia during ovarian tissue transplantation. While it has been reported that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) accelerate angiogenesis, the transplanted ADSCs usually diffuse quickly from the target tissue. Urinary bladder matrix (UBM) is an extracellular matrix biomaterial that has a complete basement membrane and provides a foundation for transplanted cells to anchor, migrate, and function. In this study, ADSCs on UBM scaffolds (UBM/ADSCs) were transplanted during ovary autotransplantation in rats to test whether collagen/ADSCs have a better therapeutic effect than transplantation of ADSCs alone. Method: A total of 30 rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats in each . untreated-control, oophorectomy , autograft , autograft + ADSCs (ADSC) and autograft + UBM/ADSCs(UBM/ADSC). 28 days after ovary autografting, follicle number, serum concentrations of follicular stimulating hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone and apoptosis rate were also estimated. At 7and 28 days post ovary autografting, angiogenesis was detected. The estrous cycle recovery was measured.The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test, and the means were significantly different at P< 0.05.Results: The number of both growing follicles and primordial follicles in rats in the ADSC/UBM and ADSC groups was significantly higher than that in rats in the autograft group (P <0.05). Follicle stimulating hormone levels in rats in the ADSC/UBM group were significantly decreased and anti-Müllerian hormone levels increased compared to control rats (P <0.05). Apoptosis rate in the UBM/ ADSC group was lower than the autograft group (P<0.05). The angiogenesis was accelerated following ADSC/UBM transplantation.Rats in the ADSC/UBM and ADSC groups showed better estrous cycle recovery than rats in the autograft group (P<0.05).Conclusions: UBM increases the retention of ADSCs in ovaries and contributes to long-term restoration of ovarian function. UBM/ADSC transplantation may be a promising candidate for ovarian transplantation.
In Vivo Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Deformation During Lateral Bending Motion Under Different Load-Bearing Conditions
Authors: Xu Haoxiang , Wen Wangqiang , Zhang Zepei , Kou Bowen , Wu Jincheng , Xu Hanpeng , Miao Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (LDD) is one of the largest health worldwide problems, based on lost working time and associated costs. Inappropriate mechanical loading is considered to be an important factor in the development of LDD. L3-4 and L4-L5 were the commonly affected levels. Recent studies have measured geometric deformation of lumbar intervertebral discs during an in vivo functional weightbearing of the lumbar. The purpose of the present study was to determine the lumbar disc deformation in living human subjects during lateral bending motion under different load-bearing conditions.
Methods

11 healthy subjects, 6 males and 5 females, aged 21 ≤ 39 years, with an average age of 30 ± 5 years, were recruited for the present study. Using the combination of dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)and CT, the sagittal images of L3-5 segments scanned by CT were transformed into three-dimensional reconstruction models and then matched to the instantaneous images of lumbar spine motion taken by a double fluorescent X-ray system under different loads. Motions were reproduced with the use of the combined imaging technique during left and right bending movements. Then, the kinematics data of the height, tension and compression deformation, and shear deformation of the lumbar intervertebral disc were obtained by using computer-related software.
Result

The data indicated that the tendency of tensile deformation during left and right bending was approximately symmetric. During the functional bending of the body, there was a greater compression deformation behind the same side of the movement and a higher tension deformation in front of the contralateral movement. The magnitude changed along the diagonal towards the posterolateral direction. During left bending, the upper vertebrae had a larger deformation range and tension deformation than the lower vertebrae. Meanwhile, it was not found that the small load had a significant effect on the tensile deformation of the intervertebral disc.
Conclusion

Lumbar disc deformation showed direction-specific and level-specific changes during lateral bending motion. These results could help understand the physiological motion characters of the lumbar spine and provide data support for other biomechanical studies.
Changes in the Job Satisfaction of Village Clinic Doctors Since the New Health Care System Reform: A Comparison Based on Three Surveys in Shandong, China
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Zhou Lifang , Lv Haiyuan , Sun Kui , Guo Hongwei , Hu Jinwei , Yu Qianqian , Huang Dongmei , Ma Dongping , Feng Zhiqiang , Tang Changhai , Dai Mengna , Yin Wenqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In 2009, the Chinese government launched a new health care system reform. One of the important aims of the reform was to improve the capacity of primary health institutions. Village clinic doctors are part of the health service force rooted in rural China and the basis of the three-tiered health service system. The job satisfaction of village clinic doctors has an important impact on the stability and sustainable development of the three-tiered health service system. This study aimed to analyse the changes in village clinic doctors' job satisfaction after the implementation of the new health care system reform.Methods:All the data came from three surveys of village clinic doctors in Shandong Province conducted in 2012, 2015 and 2018. In 2012, an originally designed questionnaire was used to conduct a baseline survey of 405 village clinic doctors from 27 townships in 9 counties (the response rate was 92.9%). In 2015 and 2018, 519 and 223 village clinic doctors in the same counties were surveyed with the same questionnaire (the response rates were 94.3% and 92.9%, respectively). Descriptive analysis, χ2 test and ANOVA were used to analyse the level of and changes in village clinic doctors' job satisfaction.Results: The mean scores of village clinic doctors' total job satisfaction were 2.664 ± 1.069, 3.121 ± 0.931 and 2.676 ± 1.044 in 2012, 2015 and 2018, respectively, with a significant difference (F = 28.732, P < 0.001). The mean scores of the medical practice environment and the job itself showed a continuous downward trend. The change trends of the mean scores for job reward, internal work environment and organizational management were consistent with the trend for total job satisfaction.Conclusion: After the implementation of the NHCSR, the job satisfaction of village clinic doctors showed a trend of first rising and then falling. To improve primary health care service capacity, the Chinese government has implemented a series of new reform policies. With their ongoing implementation, village clinic doctors' job satisfaction should be the subject of more systematic and detailed research.
The Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pid Family has been Strictly Diverged into Indica and Japonica Subspecies
Authors: Chai Ruipeng , Wang Jinyan , Wang Xing , Wen Jianqiang , Ye Xuemei , Zhang Yaling , Yao Yongxiang , Zhang Jianfu , Zhang Yihua , Wang Ling , Pan Qinghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Rice blast (causative agent the fungus Pyricularia oryzae) represents a major constraint over the productivity of one of the world’s most important staple foods. Genes encoding resistance have been identified in both the indica and japonica subspecies genepools, and combining these within new cultivars represents a rational means of combating the pathogen.Results: In this research, a deeper allele mining was carried out on Pid-2, Pid-3, and Pid-4 by their specific FNP markers in the three panels consisting of 70 indica and 58 japonica cultivars. Within Pid-2, three functional and one non-functional alleles were identified; the former were only identified in indica type entries. At Pid-3, four functional and one non-functional alleles were identified, and once again, all of the former were present in indica type entries. However, the pattern of variation at Pid-4 was rather different: here, the five functional alleles uncovered were dispersed across the japonica type germplasm. Among all the 12 candidate functional alleles, both Pid2-ZS and Pid3-ZS were predominant.Conclusions: Variation in both Pid-2 and Pid-3 appears to have evolved in response to pathogen pressure exerted on indica type cultivars, while that in Pid-4 reflects the interaction between the fungus and the host in japonica type crops. Owning to the founder lineage, ‘Zhenzhuai 11-ZS97’, rather limited genotypes of the Pid family have been effective in both indica and japonica rice groups, of which Pid2-ZS+Pid3-ZS is present in a large proportion of Chinese indica cultivars released since the 1960s.
Evaluation of Rice Landraces for Brown Planthopper Resistance Based on Phenotypic Reactions and Biochemical Attributes
Authors: Roy Debashis , Biswas Abhisek , Sarkar Sukamal , Chakraborty Gautam , Sarkar Pijush Kanti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH), [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.)] is an economically important pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia, where the damage caused by nymphs and adults, especially during post-tillering to milking stages, significantly reduces grain yield. There is, thus, a pressing need to develop varieties that are resistant to BPH. In this study, the reaction of various rice landraces from Indian origin were assessed (both phenotypically and biochemically) in response to BPH infestation. It was found that the landraces, viz. Badshabhog, Gamra, Haldichuri, Janglijata, Kalabhat, Khara, Adanshilpa, Chikonmashuri, Kerala sundari and Lal dudheshwar exhibited resistance to BPH consistently along with the standard check Ptb33, for three consecutive years under both greenhouse and open-field conditions. These phenotypically resistant rice landraces including Ptb33 exhibited lowest feeding rate, least nymphal and adult preference, minimum survival and higher frequency (%) of unhatched eggs when compared with the susceptible check (Swarna). Higher levels ascorbic acid, oxalic acid (OA), crude silica (CS), while lower levels of phenols, reducing sugar and total free amino acid (TFA) were expressed in un-infested resistant and moderately resistant landraces. The resistant plants exposed to herbivory by BPH produced higher levels of phenolic compounds, potassium and TFA than plants of susceptible cultivar Swarna. The feeding rate, settling behaviour and survivability of BPH correlated significantly and negatively with OA and CS, whereas the latter showed a significant and positive correlation with egg hatchability.
A continuous-time stochastic model to study the abandonment strategy of carbon capture and storage project
Authors: Chang Shuhua , Li Yu , Chang Yanqin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We build a continuous-time stochastic real options model to study the abandonment strategy of carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Based on the stochastic optimal control theory, we solve the problem with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman variational inequality (HJBVI) to derive the evolution of the optimal CCS investment over time. Using optimal stopping time, we establish a free boundary for each time node over the entire CCS construction stage as a function of the market carbon price and the individual project's remaining total deployment investment. The boundary is to help the investors decide whether to keep investing or abandon the project. Numerical simulations based on Chinese data are conducted by applying the finite element method with the power penalty. Concerning a hypothetical CCS project with a remaining total deployment investment of 10 billion RMB, our projected critical carbon prices relevant to its decisions on CCS project in 2020 are, respectively, 137.27 RMB/ton CO2 (0.123 RMB/kW·h) and 104.14 RMB/ton CO2 (0.093 RMB/kW·h). Being well below either threshold, if the current price prevails in 2020, the private investors will have no incentive to keep investing in or operate the above CCS project. It seems to us that this should indicate the exact right moment for the government to consider subsidizing them with at least the amount of money to prevent their abandonment of CCS from happening.
Regulation and Rehabilitation of Hindlimb Gait Based on CPG in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shao Wei , Shen Xiaoyan , Li Zhiling , Li Qianqian , Wu Yan , Lou Xiongjie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To reconstruct hindlimb gait movement in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI), a spinal stimulator using a one-port electrode is proposed to regulate bilateral hindlimb movements in rats. Functional electrical stimulation(FES) of rats with spinal cord injury(SCI) was performed, considering the central pattern generator(CPG) in the spinal cord as the target.Methods: Left hindlimb flexion and right hindlimb extension were achieved by stimulating the CPG site with a positive pulse, while negative pulse stimulation induced the opposite motions. Angle sensors were used to track and capture knee joint angle data, and the mapping relationship model between voltage amplitude and gait parameters was established. The hindlimbs were controlled using the reference angle. SCI rats were subjected to stimulation trained for 30 min each day for 28 days with a reference angle range of 96°-128°. Results: Based on CPG site stimulation, the hindlimbs of rats were regulated between 96° and 128° with this system. On the 28th day, a BBB score indicating. A 76% health level was achieved, while the SEP measurement results were close to the normal value.Conclusion: Compared with traditional spinal stimulators, the proposed spinal stimulator has fewer electrodes and a simplified time sequence. The system realizes an improved gait feedback and decreased muscle fatigue. The results of rehabilitation training proved the recovery effect of the system on the hindlimb gait of SCI rats.
Neuroendocrine Differentiated Breast Cancer Cases: A Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: Özdemir Özlem , Zengel Baha , Yıldız Yaşar , Saray Seray , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Taşlı Funda , Can Züleyha , Oflazoglu Utku , Taskaynatan Halil , Salman Tarık , Varol Umut , Durusoy Raika , Küçükzeybek Yüksel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) is a rare subgroup of breast cancer, which makes up 2 to 5% of all invasive breast cancers. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to present and analyze our own data of primary NEBCs.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical, pathological, and radiological characteristics of 36 patients diagnosed with Neuroendocrine differentiated breast cancer between 2008-2019 compared to that of 925 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC/NOS) along with a literature review.Result:In this study, 36 patients with neuroendocrine differentiated breast carcinoma and 961 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC/NOS), as the comparison group, were identified, clinics between 2008-2019 . In NEBC patients, 7 were premenopausal and 29 postmenopausal. Patients whose ultrasound (USG), magnetic resonance (MR), and mammographic (MMG) images available in our hospital, high-density masses were detected in the MMG with irregular (77%), microlobulated (80%) and spiculated margins (63%), unaccompanied by asymmetry and structural distortion. Calcifications were less common than invasive breast cancer, present only in 4 patients (17%). When NEBC were compared to ductal carcinomas (n = 925), NEBC were more often HER2 negative (p = 0.039), ER positive (p = 0.05) ,PR positive (0.03) and the NEBC patients were older (p :0.02). Age, grade, metastatic status, lymph node number and molecular type were identified as prognostic factors that significantly affect survival in both groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: NEBC is a subtype that is both histopathologically and radiologically distinct from other breast cancer subtypes, and neuroendocrine differentiation will become more predictive in the future.
Thermally Control of Light Propagation in Plasmonics Waveguide and Filter
Authors: Bavil Mehdi Afshari , Daneshfar Nader , Li Chuanbo , Feng Shuai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An active ultra-compact plasmonic waveguide composed of a subwavelength slit and perforated in vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) followed by a metallic layer is proposed and numerically analyzed. Refractive index variation of VO 2 by external stimuli provides a feasible way for tuning the optical properties of the waveguide. Varying the refractive index of VO 2 corresponds with changing the phase of VO 2 to the metallic state (“on” state). Consequently, the entire structure becomes a typical metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide that routes the incident light through the slit. In addition, during the “off” state, the incident light thereby propagates in the slit and VO 2 medium and mitigates rapidly. By adding a MIM waveguide attached to the Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity, spectrally wide stopband and passband filtering features in telecommunication frequency regime are demonstrated. Tailoring the resonance wavelength can be performed through the geometrical parameters. Such active plasmonic waveguides with high transmission, coupling, and compact size can be utilized in future fully integrated all plasmonic chip technology.