bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet-induced Fasting Ghrelin Elevation Reflects the Recovery of Insulin Sensitivity and Visceral Adiposity Regression
Authors: Tsaban Gal , Yaskolka Meir Anat , Zelicha Hila , Rinott Ehud , Kaplan Alon , Shalev Aryeh , Katz Amos , Brikner Dov , Blüher Matthias , Ceglarek Uta , Stumvoll Michael , Stampfer Meir J , Shai Iris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextLower fasting ghrelin levels (FGL) are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the dynamics of FGL during weight loss and its metabolic and adiposity-related manifestations beyond weight loss.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial that randomized participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidemia to 1 of 3 diets: healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean diet (MED), or green-MED diet, all combined with physical activity (PA). Both MED diets were similarly hypocaloric and included 28 g/day walnuts. The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia globosa (Mankai) plant green shake. We measured FGL and quantified body fat depots by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 18 months.ResultsAmong 294 participants (body mass index = 31.3 kg/m2; FGL = 504 ± 208 pg/mL; retention rate = 89.8%), lower FGL was associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic parameters such as higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic fat, leptin, and blood pressure (P &lt; 0.05 for all; multivariate models). The ∆FGL18-month differed between men (+7.3 ± 26.6%) and women (−9.2% ± 21.3%; P = 0.001). After 18 months of moderate and similar weight loss among the MED groups, FGL increased by 1.3%, 5.4%, and 10.5% in HDG, MED, and green-MED groups, respectively (P = 0.03 for green-MED vs HDG); sex-stratified analysis revealed similar changes in men only. Among men, FGL18-month elevation was associated with favorable changes in insulin resistance profile and VAT regression, after adjusting for relative weight loss (HbA1c: r = −0.216; homeostatic model of insulin resistance: r = −0.154; HDL-c: r = 0.147; VAT: r = −0.221; P &lt; 0.05 for all). Insulin resistance and VAT remained inversely related with FGL elevation beyond that explained by weight loss (residual regression analyses; P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionDiet-induced FGL elevation may reflect insulin sensitivity recovery and VAT regression beyond weight loss, specifically among men. Green-MED diet is associated with greater FGL elevation.
Reassessment of the Proteomic Composition and Function of Extracellular Vesicles in the Seminal Plasma
Authors: Wang Hanshu , Zhu Yu , Tang Chunhua , Zhou Zhiyang , Wang Zhengquan , Li Zhenhua , Zheng Xiaoguo , Chen Shitao , Zhou Yuchuan , Liang Ajuan , Li Yanquan , Lin Yu , Sun Fei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Seminal plasma contains a high concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The heterogeneity of small EVs or the presence of nonvesicular extracellular matter (NV) pose major obstacles in understanding the composition and function of seminal EVs. In this study, we employed high-resolution density gradient fractionation to accurately characterize the composition and function of seminal EVs and NV. We found that the seminal EVs could be divided into 3 different subtypes—namely, high-density EV (EV-H), medium-density EV (EV-M), and low-density EV (EV-L)—after purification using iodixanol, while NV was successfully isolated. EVs and NV display different features in size, shape, and expression of some classic exosome markers. Both EV-H and NV could markedly promote sperm motility and capacitation compared with EV-M and EV-L, whereas only the NV fraction induced sperm acrosome reaction. Proteomic analysis results showed that EV-H, EV-M, EV-L, and NV had different protein components and were involved in different physiological functions. Further study showed that EV-M might reduce the production of sperm intrinsic reactive oxygen species through glutathione S-transferase mu 2. This study provides novel insights into important aspects of seminal EVs constituents and sounder footing to explore their functional properties in male fertility.
Maternal Iron Deficiency Alters Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development in Rat Pregnancy
Authors: Roberts Hannah , Woodman Andrew G , Baines Kelly J , Jeyarajah Mariyan J , Bourque Stephane L , Renaud Stephen J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron deficiency, which occurs when iron demands chronically exceed intake, is prevalent in pregnant women. Iron deficiency during pregnancy poses major risks for the baby, including fetal growth restriction and long-term health complications. The placenta serves as the interface between a pregnant mother and her baby, and it ensures adequate nutrient provisions for the fetus. Thus, maternal iron deficiency may impact fetal growth and development by altering placental function. We used a rat model of diet-induced iron deficiency to investigate changes in placental growth and development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-iron or iron-replete diet starting 2 weeks before mating. Compared with controls, both maternal and fetal hemoglobin were reduced in dams fed low-iron diets. Iron deficiency decreased fetal liver and body weight, but not brain, heart, or kidney weight. Placental weight was increased in iron deficiency, due primarily to expansion of the placental junctional zone. The stimulatory effect of iron deficiency on junctional zone development was recapitulated in vitro, as exposure of rat trophoblast stem cells to the iron chelator deferoxamine increased differentiation toward junctional zone trophoblast subtypes. Gene expression analysis revealed 464 transcripts changed at least 1.5-fold (P &lt; 0.05) in placentas from iron-deficient dams, including altered expression of genes associated with oxygen transport and lipoprotein metabolism. Expression of genes associated with iron homeostasis was unchanged despite differences in levels of their encoded proteins. Our findings reveal robust changes in placentation during maternal iron deficiency, which could contribute to the increased risk of fetal distress in these pregnancies.
Environmental Inequality and Residential Sorting in Germany: A Spatial Time-Series Analysis of the Demographic Consequences of Industrial Sites
Authors: Rüttenauer Tobias , Best Henning 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Previous research has shown that low-income households bear a higher exposure to environmental pollution than high-income households. Some scholars have argued that selective siting of industrial facilities accounts for such environmental inequality, while others have argued that those citizens who can afford to move out of polluted regions do so, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged are sorted into polluted areas. Yet empirical evidence regarding the processes of environmental inequality is not conclusive. We build on an original data set that includes annual georeferenced data of 6,570 highly polluting industrial facilities in Germany from 2008 to 2017 and validate the fluctuation in facilities with geographical land-use data. We then connect the facilities to income and demographic data for 4,455 municipalities and investigate sociodemographic changes before and after the appearance of new facilities. Spatial models are employed to measure local relative changes, and fixed-effects individual slopes estimators are used to account for selection on economic trajectories. Results provide only limited support for the selective siting thesis but show that an area's average income decreases after the appearance of new industrial facilities, thereby resonating with the selective migration hypothesis. In contrast, facility closure does not attract, or reattract, more affluent households.
Propensity to endoplasmic reticulum stress in deer mouse fibroblasts predicts skin inflammation and body weight gain
Authors: Zhang Youwen , Lim Chang-uk , Sikirzhytski Vitali , Naderi Asieh , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Kiaris Hippokratis 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, yet whether variations in the UPR among individuals influence the propensity for metabolic disease remains unexplored. Using outbred deer mice as a model, we show that the intensity of UPR in fibroblasts isolated early in life predicts the extent of body weight gain after high-fat diet (HFD) administration. Contrary to those with intense UPR, animals with moderate UPR in fibroblasts and therefore displaying compromised stress resolution did not gain body weight but developed inflammation, especially in the skin, after HFD administration. Fibroblasts emerged as potent modifiers of this differential responsiveness to HFD, as indicated by the comparison of the UPR profiles of fibroblasts responding to fatty acids in vitro, by correlation analyses between UPR and proinflammatory cytokine-associated transcriptomes, and by BiP (also known as HSPA5) immunolocalization in skin lesions from animals receiving HFD. These results suggest that the UPR operates as a modifier of an individual's propensity for body weight gain in a manner that, at least in part, involves the regulation of an inflammatory response by skin fibroblasts.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
PQN-59 and GTBP-1 contribute to stress granule formation but are not essential for their assembly in C. elegans embryos
Authors: Abbatemarco Simona , Bondaz Alexandra , Schwager Francoise , Wang Jing , Hammell Christopher M. , Gotta Monica 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
When exposed to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells respond by inducing the formation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes called stress granules. Here, we use C. elegans to study two proteins that are important for stress granule assembly in human cells – PQN-59, the human UBAP2L ortholog, and GTBP-1, the human G3BP1 and G3BP2 ortholog. Both proteins assemble into stress granules in the embryo and in the germline when C. elegans is exposed to stressful conditions. Neither of the two proteins is essential for the assembly of stress-induced granules, as shown by the single and combined depletions by RNAi, and neither pqn-59 nor gtbp-1 mutant embryos show higher sensitivity to stress than control embryos. We find that pqn-59 mutants display reduced progeny and a high percentage of embryonic lethality, phenotypes that are not dependent on stress exposure and that are not shared with gtbp-1 mutants. Our data indicate that, in contrast to human cells, PQN-59 and GTBP-1 are not required for stress granule formation but that PQN-59 is important for C. elegans development.
Monadologia neurologica. Wykładnia monadologicznej teorii świadomości według Olivera Sacksa
Authors: Paź Bogusław 
Published: October 2021

Głównym przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest prezentacja Oliviera Sacksa, neurologa i psychiatry, wykładni monadologicznej teorii świadomości i osobowego podmiotu, która ma swoje źródło w filozofii Leibniza. Celem zaś jest wykazanie, że w neurologii i psychiatrii znajdujemy zjawiska, które ilustrują i potwierdzają główne twierdzenia Monadologii. W szczególności chodzi o wykazanie, iż O. Sacks w swoich neurologiczno-psychiatrycznych opisach stanów pacjentów przyjął monadyczną koncepcję świadomości. Z filozoficznego punktu widzenia przedsięwzięcie brytyjskiego neurologa sprawiło, że pozornie abstrakcyjna i nienaoczna monadologiczna teoria niemieckiego myśliciela: po pierwsze, zyskała swój empiryczny model, który wyraża główne jej tezy i po drugie, ukazany został jej, tj. monadologii, nowy sens i wartość jako głębokiej metafizycznej podstawy rozumienia człowieka.
A Progressive Approximation Approach for the Exact Solution of Sparse Large-Scale Binary Interdiction Games
Authors: Contardo Claudio , Sefair Jorge A. 
Published: October 2021

We present a progressive approximation algorithm for the exact solution of several classes of interdiction games in which two noncooperative players (namely an attacker and a follower) interact sequentially. The follower must solve an optimization problem that has been previously perturbed by means of a series of attacking actions led by the attacker. These attacking actions aim at augmenting the cost of the decision variables of the follower’s optimization problem. The objective, from the attacker’s viewpoint, is that of choosing an attacking strategy that reduces as much as possible the quality of the optimal solution attainable by the follower. The progressive approximation mechanism consists of the iterative solution of an interdiction problem in which the attacker actions are restricted to a subset of the whole solution space and a pricing subproblem invoked with the objective of proving the optimality of the attacking strategy. This scheme is especially useful when the optimal solutions to the follower’s subproblem intersect with the decision space of the attacker only in a small number of decision variables. In such cases, the progressive approximation method can solve interdiction games otherwise intractable for classical methods. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach on the shortest path, 0-1 knapsack and facility location interdiction games. Summary of Contribution: In this article, we present a progressive approximation algorithm for the exact solution of several classes of interdiction games in which two noncooperative players (namely an attacker and a follower) interact sequentially. We exploit the discrete nature of this interdiction game to design an effective algorithmic framework that improves the performance of general-purpose solvers. Our algorithm combines elements from mathematical programming and computer science, including a metaheuristic algorithm, a binary search procedure, a cutting-planes algorithm, and supervalid inequalities. Although we illustrate our results on three specific problems (shortest path, 0-1 knapsack, and facility location), our algorithmic framework can be extended to a broader class of interdiction problems.
River Dissolved Oxygen Prediction Based on Random Forest and LSTM
Authors: Huan Juan , Chen Bo , Xu Xian Gen , Li Hui , Li Ming Bao , Zhang Hao 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsRandom Forest (RF) and LSTM were developed for river DO prediction.PH is the most important feature affecting DO prediction.The model base on RF is better than the model not on RF, and the dimensionality of the input data is reduced by RF.RF-LSTM model is outperformed SVR, RF-SVR, BP, RF-BP, LSTM, RNN models in DO prediction.Abstract. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of dissolved oxygen in rivers, a dissolved oxygen prediction model based on Random Forest (RF) and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) is proposed. First, the Random Forest performs feature selection, which reduces the input dimension of the data and eliminates the influence of irrelevant variables on the prediction of dissolved oxygen. Then build the LSTM river dissolved oxygen prediction model to fit the relationship between water quality data and dissolved oxygen, and finally use real water quality data in the river for verification. The experimental results show that the mean square error (MSE), absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) of the RF-LSTM model are 0.658, 0.528, 13.502, 0.811, 0.744, respectively, which are better than other models. The RF-LSTM model has good predictive performance and can provide a reference for river water quality management. Keywords: Dissolved oxygen prediction, LSTM, Random forest, Time series, Water quality management.
Development and Validation of an Animal Thermal Environment Interaction Laboratory
Authors: Smith Benjamin C. , Weyer Sara E. , Ramirez Brett C. , Hoff Steven J. , Gates Richard S. 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsA custom-designed laboratory for thermal environment interaction research was constructed.All instrumentation systems were commissioned.Operation performance of the laboratory with sows was evaluated.Abstract. A pilot-scale laboratory was designed and built to meet the specific needs of conducting precision livestock farming (PLF) research related to animal response to its thermal environment. The two room (8.5 × 3.7 × 2.9 m; W × L × H) laboratory was built inside an existing structure utilizing common construction methods and materials. Each room was fully instrumented to characterize the thermal (dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity) and gaseous (O2, CO2) environment and facilitate both direct and indirect calorimetry measurements. The laboratory’s instrumentation set-up allows for expansion into additional thermal (black-globe temperature), lighting analysis (wavelength and intensity), and gas (NH3) as experiments demand. Ventilation was a “modified push-pull” style with one common supply fan and an exhaust fan for each room operating at a slight negative pressure. Each room also featured an airflow measurement device that was individually calibrated. The commissioning of the environmental control demonstrated all sensors were functioning correctly. Operational performance of the laboratory with sows demonstrated the ventilation and environmental controls were effective at controlling room temperature when ambient temperature was warmer than room setpoint. This laboratory can be used for various poultry and swine experiments for developing and refining PLF technologies before advancing to field trials in commercial facilities. Unique and extensive research laboratories are needed to readily facilitate the research and development of PLF technologies related to characterizing and controlling the animal occupied zone thermal environment that align with industry needs. Traditional production facilities present challenges related to biosecurity, instrumentation capabilities, labor, and travel to remote sites. Keywords: Commissioning, PLF, Poultry, Swine, Ventilation.
An Idea for Predicting Residual Stress Field of Roll Tensioned Circular Saw Blade
Authors: An Yuan , Li Bo , Zhang Boyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a concise and fast 2D model of the roll tensioning process was built using the finite element method. Elastic thermal expansion is used to simulate rolling plastic deformation. A 3D model considering contact between roller and circular saw blade was also built. Through comparison of residual stress results obtained by the 2D model, 3D model, and X-ray stress test method, the correctness and feasibility of the 2D model were proven. While accounting for the diversity of circular saw blade structure, this paper provided an idea for rapidly predicting the residual stress field of a roll-tensioned circular saw blade.
Second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation based on birefringence phase matching of BaMgF4 crystal
Authors: Yan Shuo , Liu Zhanwei , Liu Haigang , Sun Yiwei , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: October 2021

B
a
M
g

F

4

is a ferroelectric nonlinear crystal with a very wide transparency window ranging from 125 nm to

13

µ

m

of the wavelength. Therefore, it is a candidate material to generate ultraviolet or deep ultraviolet laser, which is very important in lithography, semiconductor manufacturing, and advanced instrument development. Here, the second-order birefringence phase-matching processes of the

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal were studied, including second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG). In the experiments, we measured the phase-matching angle, nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency, and angle bandwidth of SHG and SFG processes of

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal, which are in well agreement with the theoretical calculations. This study may promote the research of nonlinear optical process of

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal and also the further development of all-solid-state vacuum ultraviolet lasers.
Remote Michelson interferometric phase sensor based on dual-core fiber transmission and linear phase demodulation
Authors: Bai Yuanshuo , Xie Weilin , Liu Songhan , Zhou Haijun , Meng Yinxia , Zhang Ling , Wei Wei , Dong Yi 
Published: October 2021

We present a remote Michelson interferometric phase sensor based on dual-core fiber transmission and linear phase demodulation. The former allows for synchronous transmission of both sensing signal and reference lights, enabling efficient suppression for the environmental disturbances along the transmission link and for the incoherent phase noise between the two lights. The latter is conducted by two optical phase-locked loops, one of which consists of a fiber stretcher that is used to eliminate the residual phase noises, thus stabilizing the operation point while the other relies on a phase modulator that is used to track the remote phase changes, thus achieving a highly linearized phase demodulation. A remote phase sensing over a 20 km fiber link with less than 3% nonlinear phase error over

3
π

range has been readily realized, corresponding to more than 10 times extension in a linear phase demodulation range. The proposed system shows great potential in the field of remote phase sensing for a variety of physical quantities.
Ultra-narrow passband-tunable filter based on a high-Q silicon racetrack resonator
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Yujia , Guo Xuhan , Huang Qingzhong , Zhang Xinliang , Su Yikai 
Published: October 2021

An ultra-narrow narrow passband-tunable optical filter employing a high-Q silicon racetrack resonator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a SOI platform. The high-Q silicon racetrack resonator is realized by utilizing the multimode waveguide racetrack, and the Q factor is measured as high as

8.1
×

10
5

. The structure of the device is based on a thermally tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupled racetrack. The tunability of the bandwidth is realized by tuning the coupling coefficient between the racetrack resonator and the input or output ports. Finally, the bandwidth of the filter can be tuned from 1.92 to 11.00 pm (240 MHz to 1.375 GHz), and the free spectral range is about 0.28 nm (35 GHz), with the footprint of

0.21

m
m

2

.
Mid-infrared soliton self-frequency shift in chalcogenide glass
Authors: Alamgir Imtiaz , Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Correr Wagner , Messaddeq Younès , Rochette Martin 
Published: October 2021

Emerging applications in the mid-infrared (MIR) stimulate the growth and development of novel optical light sources. Soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in soft glass fiber currently shows great potential as an efficient approach toward the generation of broadly tunable femtosecond pulses in the MIR. In this work, we demonstrate a highly efficient tunable soliton source based on SSFS in chalcogenide glass. We show a simple and fully fiberized system to generate these continuously tunable Raman solitons over a broad spectral range of 2.047–2.667 µm, which consumes no more than 87 pJ per pulse. The spectral measurements suggest that the generated pulses are as short as 62 fs with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 43%. This result is realized thanks to an 8 cm long

A
s

2

S

3

microstructure optical fiber tapered into a microwire. Thanks to their broad transparency, their high nonlinearity, and their adjustable chromatic dispersion, chalcogenide microwires are promising components for the development of compact and highly efficient MIR optical sources with low power consumption.