bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA_GAS5 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Laryngeal Cancer via Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Wenlin , Zhan Jiandong , Zhong Rong , Li Rui , Sheng Xiaoli , Xu Mimi , Lu Zhongming , Zhang Siyi 
Published: February 2021

Background: Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among head and neck cancers. Accumulating studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in laryngeal cancer occurrence and progression, however, the functional roles and relative regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in laryngeal cancer progression remain unclear. Methods: The expression of lncRNA GAS5 in both laryngeal cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The relationships between lncRNA GAS5 expression and clinical parameters were also analyzed. To determine the biological function of lncRNA GAS5, a lncRNA GAS5-specific plasmid was first transfected into laryngeal cancer cells using lentiviral technology. Cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were used to detect in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution, and metastasis abilities, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo cell growth experiments were also performed using nude mice. Additionally, western blotting was performed to identify the underlying regulatory mechanism. Results: In the current study, lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues and its low expression was closely associated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival time. In addition, lncRNA GAS5 upregulation significantly inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in response to lncRNA GAS5 overexpression, more laryngeal cancer cells were arrested at the G2/M stage, accompanied by increased cell apoptosis rates and suppressed migration and invasion capacities. Mechanistically, our data showed that the overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 significantly regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion: LncRNA GAS5 might act as a suppressor gene during laryngeal cancer development, as it suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; thus, lncRNA GAS5 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
Enoxacin Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects Against Prostate Cancer Through Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Mao Minghuan , Zhao Rui , Zhao Qing 
Published: February 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in men. Enoxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was found with anti-proliferative effects against many cancer types. This study was to further investigate its effects against prostate cancer and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: PC-3 cells were treated with Enoxacin at different concentrations. Tumor model was established by subcutaneously injecting PC-3 cells into nude mice. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. ELISA assay, Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression, respectively. Results: Our data showed that Enoxacin inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and induced the apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, while down-regulating expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, Enoxacin increased the gene and protein expression of the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Treating tumor-bearing mice with Enoxacin significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft tumor model. Conclusion: Our results suggested that Enoxacin could be developed as a potential anti-tumor agent against prostate carcinoma.
Bulkamid® injection in men: Cadaver study of operative technique and putative mechanism of action
Authors: Toia Bogdan , O’Connor Eabhann , Greenwell Tamsin J , Ockrim Jeremy L , Solomon Eskinder 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is relatively common and of variable degree. Treatment of small-volume persistent PPI with a male sling or an artificial urinary sphincter is overly invasive, and the concept of intraurethral injection is very appealing in this situation. Bulkamid® is a nanoparticulate polyacrylamide and water polymer gel which is being used successfully in female stress urinary incontinence. We assessed the feasibility and effects of a four-point intraurethral technique on maximum urethral pressure (MUP) in male cadavers. Methods: Urethral pressure profile (UPP) was measured twice on two male fresh-frozen cadaver models before and after a four-point injection of 2 mL of Bulkamid® intraurethrally at the level of the sphincter in 0.5 mL aliquots using a 21Ch cystoscope with a 12° telescope and a 23G needle. Results: A clear UPP trace was recordable in both cadavers. The mean MUP at baseline was 38 cm H2O, and the mean MUP following Bulkamid® intraurethral injection increased to 55 cm H2O. Conclusions: Bulkamid® intraurethral injection in male cadavers is a simple technique that increases MUP. This increase in MUP may allow for treatment of low-volume PPI in men following prostate cancer treatment and warrants further study in the clinical situation. Level of evidence: Level 4.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related psychological effect on orthopedic surgeries conducted in different types of hospitals in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Chia-Lung , Huang Peng-Ju , Huang Hsuan-Ti , Chen Chung-Hwan , Lee Tien-Ching , Hsu Chia-Hao 
Published: February 2021

Aim: Taiwan’s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differed in that it successfully prevented the spread without having to shutdown or overburden medical services. Patients’ fear regarding the pandemic would be the only reason to reduce surgeries, so Taiwan could be the most suitable place for research on the influence of psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of patients’ fear on orthopedic surgeries in Taiwan amid the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: The investigation period included the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to April 2020) and the corresponding period in the previous year. The following data on patients with orthopedic diseases were collected: outpatient visits, hospital admission, and surgical modalities. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 22%–29% and 20%–26% reduction in outpatients, 22%–27% and 25%–37% reduction in admissions, and 26%–35% and 18%–34% reduction in surgeries, respectively, at both hospitals. The weekly mean number of patients was significantly smaller during the COVID-19 pandemic for all types of surgery and elective surgeries at the university hospital, and for all types of surgery, elective surgeries, and total knee arthroplasties at the community hospital. Further, patients visiting the community hospital during the pandemic were significantly younger, for all types of surgery, elective surgeries, and total knee arthroplasties. Conclusions: The reduction in orthopedic surgeries in Taiwan’s hospitals during COVID-19 could be attributed to patients’ fear. Even without restriction, the pandemic inevitably led to a reduction of about 20%–30% of the operation volume.
Immune profiles of male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during the breeding season
Authors: Shen Haibo , Li Caiwu , He Ming , Huang Yan , Wang Jing , Wang Minglei , Yue Bisong , Zhang Xiuyue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a threatened endemic Chinese species and a flagship species of national and global conservation concern. Life history theory proposes that reproduction and immunity can be mutually constraining and interrelated. Knowledge of immunity changes of male giant pandas during the breeding season is limited.

Results
Here, we researched peripheral blood gene expression profiles associated with immunity. Thirteen captive giant pandas, ranging from 9 to 11 years old, were divided into two groups based on their reproductive status. We identified 318 up-regulated DEGs and 43 down-regulated DEGs, which were enriched in 87 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways. Additionally, we obtained 45 immune-related genes with altered expression, mostly up-regulated, and identified four hub genes HSPA4, SUGT1, SOD1, and IL1B in PPI analysis. These 45 genes were related to pattern recognition receptors, autophagy, peroxisome, proteasome, natural killer cell, antigen processing and presentation. SUGT1 and IL1B were related to pattern recognition receptors. HSP90AA1 was the most up-regulated gene and is a member of heat shock protein 90 family. HSP90 contributes to the translocation of extracellular antigen. KLRD1 encodes CD94, whose complex is an inhibitor of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, was down-regulated. IGIP, which has the capability of inducing IgA production by B cells, was down-regulated, suggesting low concentration of IgA in male giant pandas. Our results suggest that most immune-related genes were up-regulated and more related to innate immune than adaptive immune.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that breeding male giant pandas presented an immunoenhancement in innate immunity, enhanced antigen presentation and processing in cellular immunity compared to non-breeding males. The humoral immunity of male giant pandas may show a tendency to decrease during the breeding season. This study will provide a foundation for further studies of immunity and reproduction in male giant pandas.
The cumulative impact of social determinants of health factors on mortality in adults with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ozieh Mukoso N. , Garacci Emma , Walker Rebekah J. , Palatnik Anna , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence supports the potential role of social determinants of health on health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the cumulative effect of social determinants of health on health outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without diabetes. This study examined the cumulative impact of social determinants of health on mortality in U.S. adults with CKD and diabetes.MethodsWe analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2005–2014) for 1376 adults age 20 and older (representing 7,579,967 U.S. adults) with CKD and diabetes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. CKD was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria. Diabetes was based on self-report or Hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%. Social determinants of health measures included family income to poverty ratio level, depression based on PHQ-9 score and food insecurity based on Food Security Survey Module. A dichotomous social determinant measure (absence vs presence of ≥1 adverse social determinants) and a cumulative social determinant score ranging from 0 to 3 was constructed based on all three measures. Cox proportional models were used to estimate the association between social determinants of health factors and mortality while controlling for covariates.ResultsCumulative and dichotomous social determinants of health score were significantly associated with mortality after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle variables, glycemic control and comorbidities (HR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.18–1.68 and HR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.08–1.84, respectively). When investigating social determinants of health variables separately, after adjusting for covariates, depression (HR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.10–1.83) was significantly and independently associated with mortality, however, poverty and food insecurity were not statistically significant.ConclusionsSpecific social determinants of health factors such as depression increase mortality in adults with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Our findings suggest that interventions are needed to address adverse determinants of health in this population.
Insights into preventing female genital mutilation/cutting in Sri Lanka: a qualitative interpretative study
Authors: Dawson Angela , Wijewardene Kumudu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
FGM/C is a cultural practice associated with adverse health outcomes that involves the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the genitalia. FGM/C is a form of violence against women and girls. There are no laws that specifically outlaw FGM/C in Sri Lanka and no national prevalence data. There is a lack of evidence about this practice to inform prevention efforts required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3.2, which focuses on the elimination of all harmful practices, including FGM/C.

Methods
We undertook a qualitative interpretative study to explore the knowledge and perceptions of community members, religious leaders and professionals from the health, legal and community work sectors in five districts across Sri Lanka. We aimed to identify strategies to end this practice.

Results
Two-hundred-and twenty-one people participated in focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A template analysis identified five top-level themes: Providers, procedures and associated rituals; demand and decision-making; the role of religion; perceived benefits and adverse outcomes; ways forward for prevention.

Conclusions
This study delivered detailed knowledge of FGM/C related beliefs, perceptions and practitioners and provided opportunities to develop an integrated programming strategy that incorporates interventions across three levels of prevention.
Ginkgolic acid and anacardic acid are specific covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 cysteine proteases
Authors: Chen Zinuo , Cui Qinghua , Cooper Laura , Zhang Pin , Lee Hyun , Chen Zhaoyu , Wang Yanyan , Liu Xiaoyun , Rong Lijun , Du Ruikun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the urgent campaign to develop therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, natural products have been an important source of new lead compounds.ResultsWe herein identified two natural products, ginkgolic acid and anacardic acid, as inhibitors using a high-throughput screen targeting the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro). Moreover, our study demonstrated that the two hit compounds are dual inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in addition to PLpro. A mechanism of action study using enzyme kinetics further characterized the two compounds as irreversible inhibitors against both 3CLproand PLpro. Significantly, both identified compounds inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro at nontoxic concentrations.ConclusionsOur finding provides two novel natural products as promising SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
Surgical and technological advances in the management of upper limb amputees
Authors: Geary Michael , Gaston Raymond Glenn , Loeffler Bryan 
Published: February 2021

Upper limb amputations, ranging from transhumeral to partial hand, can be devastating for patients, their families, and society. Modern paradigm shifts have focused on reconstructive options after upper extremity limb loss, rather than considering the amputation an ablative procedure. Surgical advancements such as targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interface, in combination with technological development of modern prosthetics, have expanded options for patients after amputation. In the near future, advances such as osseointegration, implantable myoelectric sensors, and implantable nerve cuffs may become more widely used and may expand the options for prosthetic integration, myoelectric signal detection, and restoration of sensation. This review summarizes the current advancements in surgical techniques and prosthetics for upper limb amputees. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):430–439.
Surgeon-directed transcranial motor evoked potential spinal cord monitoring in spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Magampa Ramanare Sibusiso , Dunn Robert 
Published: February 2021

Aims Spinal deformity surgery carries the risk of neurological injury. Neurophysiological monitoring allows early identification of intraoperative cord injury which enables early intervention resulting in a better prognosis. Although multimodal monitoring is the ideal, resource constraints make surgeon-directed intraoperative transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring a useful compromise. Our experience using surgeon-directed TcMEP is presented in terms of viability, safety, and efficacy. Methods We carried out a retrospective review of a single surgeon’s prospectively maintained database of cases in which TcMEP monitoring had been used between 2010 and 2017. The upper limbs were used as the control. A true alert was recorded when there was a 50% or more loss of amplitude from the lower limbs with maintained upper limb signals. Patients with true alerts were identified and their case history analyzed. Results Of the 299 cases reviewed, 279 (93.3%) had acceptable traces throughout and awoke with normal clinical neurological function. No patient with normal traces had a postoperative clinical neurological deficit. True alerts occurred in 20 cases (6.7%). The diagnoses of the alert group included nine cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (45%) and six of congenital scoliosis (30%). The incidence of deterioration based on diagnosis was 9/153 (6%) for AIS, 6/30 (20%) for congenital scoliosis, and 2/16 (12.5%) for spinal tuberculosis. Deterioration was much more common in congenital scoliosis than in AIS (p = 0.020). Overall, 65% of alerts occurred during rod instrumentation: 15% occurred during decompression of the internal apex in vertebral column resection surgery. Four alert cases (20%) awoke with clinically detectable neurological compromise. Conclusion Surgeon-directed TcMEP monitoring has a 100% negative predictive value and allows early identification of physiological cord distress, thereby enabling immediate intervention. In resource constrained environments, surgeon-directed TcMEP is a viable and effective method of intraoperative spinal cord monitoring. Level of evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):547–552.
Maurice Godelier – Suivre Jésus et faire du business, une petite société tribale dans la mondialisation
Authors: Premat Christophe 
Published: February 2021

« [Les humains] produisent de nouvelles formes d’existence sociale, donc de sociétés, pour continuer à vivre. Et en transformant leurs manières de vivre, ils transforment leurs manières de penser et d’agir, donc leur culture », écrivait Maurice Godelier (2009 : 10) lorsqu’il analysait les relations entre communauté, société, culture et identité.
Le classement de Shanghai. L’université marchandisée - Hugo Harari-Kermadec, 2019
Authors: Descamps David 
Published: February 2021

Recensé : Harari-Kermadec H., Le classement de Shanghai. L’université marchandisée, collection L’économie encastrée, Lormont, Le Bord de l’eau, 2019, 168 p.
Optimale nichtlineare Regelung von permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen
Authors: Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Faustner David , Kugi Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Momentenregelung von permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen (PSM) ist eine häufige Aufgabe. Moderne Motorkonstruktionen und
der Betrieb bis weit in die magnetische Sättigung führen zu einer schlechten Regelgüte von klassischen Regelungsstrategien. In diesem
Beitrag wird die PSM mit einem Reluktanznetzwerk modelliert, das die magnetische Sättigung und höhere harmonische Charakteristiken
berücksichtigt. Anschließend wird für zwei Bauformen von PSM eine optimale flachheitsbasierte Regelungsstrategie entwickelt. Die
Regelgüte wird schließlich anhand von Messungen an einem Prüfstand nachgewiesen.
Benthic-epiphytic dinoflagellates from the northern portion of the Mesoamerican Reef System
Authors: Almazán-Becerril Antonio , Escobar-Morales Sergio , Rosiles-González Gabriela , Valadez Francisco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 2010, we surveyed 42 sampling locations at 11 sites along the Mexican part of the Mesoamerican Reef System, including eight protected natural areas of the coastal state of Quintana Roo, to determine the richness of benthic-epiphytic dinoflagellates in the area. At each site, the host macroalgae of the genera Dictyota, Halimeda, Laurencia, Sargassum, and Stypopodium were manually collected. A total of 383 samples were analyzed microscopically using transmitted light, epifluorescence with calcofluor staining, and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 24 dinoflagellate species distributed among the genera Amphidinium, Bysmatrum, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Plagiodinium, and Sinophysis were identified. Prorocentrum is the most diverse genus in the benthic-epiphytic environment with 13 species. This work also includes 15 new records of species from the Mexican Caribbean.
Spore dispersal in the intertidal kelp Lessonia spicata: macrochallenges for the harvested Lessonia species complex at microscales of space and time
Authors: Parada Gloria M. , Tellier Florence , Martínez Enrique A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The intertidal coast of Chile has two cryptic kelp species, Lessonia spicata and L. berteroana, which share closely situated, but not overlapping, high-energy habitats. Their populations recover slowly after major disturbances and massive mortalities, suggesting that dispersal from remnant populations is strongly limited. This low dispersal is also a factor that probably favours the speciation process. Understanding the limiting factors for spore dispersal is crucial. Here we evaluated 1. spore dispersal and spore dilution over distance, 2. if submersion in calm waters for a specific period of time is needed for the settlement of spores before exposure to water movement, and 3. duration of spore attachment ability. Results were consistent with the hypothesis of low-distance dispersal of spores: stained-spore dilution was high at short spatial scales (<4 m); spores settled quickly (1–2 min) even under constant water movement, but they lost the ability to attach rapidly (≤16 h). Water motion did not affect spore attachment to the substratum, a fact probably resulting from an adaptation to high energy intertidal habitats. The very low dispersal range of the spores may explain the strong genetic differentiation at small spatial scales, the speciation event that occurred within the Lessonia species complex and the slow recovery of L. berteroana after massive mortalities occurring with the 1982/1983 El Niño Southern oscillation event.
Learned effects of structural components of newscasts on viewers’ information processing: The case of Stings
Authors: Barreda-Ángeles Miguel , Pereda-Baños Alexandre , Ferràndiz-Bofill Xavier , Costa Albert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article proposes that syntactic features of newscasts can act as learned motivational stimuli determining both viewers’
attention and memory for information. An experiment was conducted in which we manipulated the presence of stings (a type
of widely used audiovisual connector) and the arousal levels of stories, while participants’ attention and recall of information
were measured. The results suggest that stings elicit motivational activation among viewers; however, differences in motivational
activation were observed depending on whether it was due to arousing content or to stings. These results highlight the relevance
of accounting for learned motivational processes in media information processing research.
Restriction of Fourier transforms to curves:
An endpoint estimate with affine arclength measure
Authors: Bak Jong-Guk , Oberlin Daniel M. , Seeger Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract.

Consider the Fourier restriction operators
associated to curves in ℝ
d
, .
We prove
for various classes of curves
the endpoint restricted strong
type estimate with respect to affine arclength measure on the curve.
An essential ingredient is an interpolation result for
multilinear operators with symmetries
acting on sequences of vector-valued functions.