bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual acuity and risk of overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Han So Young , Chang Yoosoo , Shin Hocheol , Choi Chul Young , Ryu Seungho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
The associations of visual impairment (VI) with cardio-metabolic risk factors have been reported but its association with cardiovascular mortality remains uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association of visual acuity (VA) with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods and results
A cohort study was performed in 580 746 Korean adults (average age, 39.7 years) who were followed for a median of 8.1 years (maximum, 16 years). Presenting VA was measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Visual acuity in the better vision eye was categorized as normal vision (≥0.8), lowered vision (0.5–0.8), mild visual impairment (VI) (0.3–0.5), or moderate to severe VI (&lt;0.3). Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through linkage to national death records. During 4 632 892.2 person-years of follow-up, 6585 overall deaths, 974 cardiovascular deaths, and 1163 injury-related deaths were identified. After adjustment for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality among participants with lowered vision, minimal VI, and moderate to severe VI were 1.21 (1.13–1.29), 1.26 (1.15–1.37), and 1.54 (1.40–1.68), respectively, compared with those with normal vision. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.12 (0.96–1.32), 0.98 (0.76–1.26), and 1.36 (1.04–1.79), respectively, and the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.12–1.57), 1.43 (1.15–1.77), and 2.41 (1.94–2.99).

Conclusion
In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, VI was associated with increased risk of mortality especially due to cardiovascular disease.
High-Normal Thyroid Function Predicts Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Euthyroid Subjects
Authors: Gu Yeqing , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Yawen , Zhang Tingjing , Wang Xuena , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Thyroid hormones (THs) influence hepatic lipid homeostasis through multiple pathways, suggesting that THs may predict the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, prospective studies on the association between THs levels and incident NAFLD in euthyroid subjects are limited. This prospective cohort study aimed to explore whether THs were associated with the development of NAFLD in middle-aged and older euthyroid subjects.

Method
A total of 6462 subjects without baseline NAFLD were included in the cohort study (~6-year follow-up period, median: 4.2 years). Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between baseline THs, TSH, and the risk of NAFLD.

Results
During the follow-up period, 1675 subjects developed NAFLD. The incidence rate of NAFLD was 85.0 per 1000 person-years. Compared with the lowest FT3, FT4, and TSH quartiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of incident NAFLD for highest quartiles were 1.30 (1.12, 1.51), 1.07 (0.93, 1.23), and 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) (p &lt; .001, p = .56, p = .01, respectively).

Conclusions
In middle-aged and older euthyroid subjects, high-normal FT3 and low-normal TSH are independently associated with a higher incidence of NAFLD.
The glycoconjugate ontology (GlycoCoO) for standardizing the annotation of glycoconjugate data and its application
Authors: Yamada Issaku , Campbell Matthew P , Edwards Nathan , Castro Leyla Jael , Lisacek Frederique , Mariethoz Julien , Ono Tamiko , Ranzinger Rene , Shinmachi Daisuke , Aoki-Kinoshita Kiyoko F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent years have seen great advances in the development of glycoproteomics protocols and methods resulting in a sustainable increase in the reporting proteins, their attached glycans and glycosylation sites. However, only very few of these reports find their way into databases or data repositories. One of the major reasons is the absence of digital standard to represent glycoproteins and the challenging annotations with glycans. Depending on the experimental method, such a standard must be able to represent glycans as complete structures or as compositions, store not just single glycans but also represent glycoforms on a specific glycosylation side, deal with partially missing site information if no site mapping was performed, and store abundances or ratios of glycans within a glycoform of a specific site. To support the above, we have developed the GlycoConjugate Ontology (GlycoCoO) as a standard semantic framework to describe and represent glycoproteomics data. GlycoCoO can be used to represent glycoproteomics data in triplestores and can serve as a basis for data exchange formats. The ontology, database providers and supporting documentation are available online (https://github.com/glycoinfo/GlycoCoO).
The scale-up and integration of contraceptive service delivery into nursing school training in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ntabona Alexis , Binanga Arsene , Bapitani Mr Désiré Josué , Bobo Beatrice , Mukengeshayi Bitshi , Akilimali Pierre , Kalong Gloria , Mujani Zenon , Hernandez Julie , Bertrand Jane T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), modern contraceptive prevalence is low by international standards: 29.6% as of 2020. A 2015 pilot study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of using medical and nursing students to administer DMPA-SC (the subcutaneous injection) among other methods at the community level. The more far-reaching discovery was the potential of clinically trained students to increase access to low-cost contraception in the short-run, while improving the quality of service delivery for future generations of healthcare providers. Scale-up involved integrating the family planning curriculum into the training of nursing students, including classroom instruction in contraceptive technology and service delivery, coupled with a year-long field practicum in which students offered a range of contraceptive methods during intermittent outreach events, door-to-door distribution or sales from their homes. Starting in 2015, a multi-agency team consisting of an international non-governmental organizations (NGO), several Ministry of Health directorates and a local NGO used the ExpandNet/WHO framework to guide this scale-up. This article details the nine steps in the scale-up process. It presents results on increases in contraceptive uptake, feedback from participating nursing school personnel and the employment experience of the graduates from this programme. Between 2015 and 2019, the family planning curriculum was incorporated into 30.8% of the 477 nursing schools in 7 of the 26 provinces in the DRC. Students delivered 461 769 couple-years of protection (the key output indicator for family planning programmes). Nursing school personnel were strongly favourable to the approach, although they needed continued support to adequately implement a set of additional interventions related to the service delivery components of the new training approach. Post-graduation, only 40.1% of graduates had paid employment (reflecting the staggering unemployment in the DRC); among those, over 90% used their family planning training in their work. We describe the multiple challenges faced during the scale-up process and in planning for expansion to additional schools.
Genome-wide association studies identify two novel loci conferring susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Imamura Minako , Takahashi Atsushi , Matsunami Masatoshi , Horikoshi Momoko , Iwata Minoru , Araki Shin-ichi , Toyoda Masao , Susarla Gayatri , Ahn Jeeyun , Park Kyu Hyung , Kong Jinhwa , Moon Sanghoon , Sobrin Lucia ,   International Diabetic Retinopathy and Genetics CONsortium (iDRAGON), Yamauchi Toshimasa , Tobe Kazuyuki , Maegawa Hiroshi , Kadowaki Takashi , Maeda Shiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral reports have suggested that genetic susceptibility contributes to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. We aimed to identify genetic loci that confer susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. We analysed 5 790 508 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8880 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 4839 retinopathy cases and 4041 controls, as well as 2217 independent Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 693 retinopathy cases and 1524 controls. The results of these two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were combined with an inverse variance meta-analysis (Stage-1), followed by de novo genotyping for the candidate SNP loci (P &lt; 1.0 × 10−4) in an independent case–control study (Stage-2, 2260 cases and 723 controls). After combining the association data (Stages 1 and 2) using meta-analysis, the associations of two loci reached a genome-wide significance level: rs12630354 near STT3B on chromosome 3, P = 1.62 × 10−9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.23, and rs140508424 within PALM2 on chromosome 9, P = 4.19 × 10−8, OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.36–1.91. However, the association of these two loci was not replicated in Korean, European or African American populations. Gene-based analysis using Stage-1 GWAS data identified a gene-level association of EHD3 with susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (P = 2.17 × 10−6). In conclusion, we identified two novel SNP loci, STT3B and PALM2, and a novel gene, EHD3, that confers susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy; however, further replication studies are required to validate these associations.
Breastfeeding in Refugee Camps: A Child and Maternal Right?
Authors: Ebrahimi Aleisha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recognition of the health benefits breastfeeding offers for both mother and child, breastfeeding has been acknowledged in various International Human Rights Law instruments. Furthermore, against the backdrop of aggressive formula milk marketing campaigns, significant soft law provisions contained within the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes 1981 regulate and control the promotion of breastmilk substitutes. Refugee camps, however, remain aligned with pre-code practice, as formula milk is often one of the first donations to arrive in camps. Mothers, who are still affected by historical formula marketing campaigns, receive formula milk and perceive its availability and distribution as an endorsement over breastfeeding. In this article, International Human Rights Law is analysed, within the framework of the principle of the best interests of the child, to determine if the choice to breastfeed should be protected as a human right and how the indiscriminate supply of formula milk interacts with this choice in refugee camps.
Is Dodd-Frank the Biggest Law Ever?
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick A , Sherouse Oliver , Febrizio Mark , King M Scott 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010 continued a trend toward lengthier and more complex acts of Congress. In this article, we use novel metrics of the size, scope, and complexity of acts of Congress to assess Dodd-Frank’s place in this trend. Our analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that, in terms of its regulatory effects, Dodd-Frank is the biggest act of Congress in recent history and may become the biggest ever. We argue that this trend toward longer and more complex laws can cause deterioration in the quality of the regulations the laws authorize for two procedural reasons. First, a large act can create a regulatory surge that overwhelms the quality control process. Second, because a large act can precipitate the creation of many regulations by different agencies that target the same industry, the agencies create rules in relative ignorance of their potential interactions.
The clustering of critical points in the evolving cosmic web
Authors: Shim J , Codis S , Pichon C , Pogosyan D , Cadiou C 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Focusing on both small separations and baryonic acoustic oscillation scales, the cosmic evolution of the clustering properties of peak, void, wall, and filament-type critical points is measured using two-point correlation functions in ΛCDM dark matter simulations as a function of their relative rarity. A qualitative comparison to the corresponding theory for Gaussian random fields allows us to understand the following observed features: (i) the appearance of an exclusion zone at small separation, whose size depends both on rarity and signature (i.e. the number of negative eigenvalues) of the critical points involved; (ii) the amplification of the baryonic acoustic oscillation bump with rarity and its reversal for cross-correlations involving negatively biased critical points; (iii) the orientation-dependent small-separation divergence of the cross-correlations of peaks and filaments (respectively voids and walls) that reflects the relative loci of such points in the filament’s (respectively wall’s) eigenframe. The (cross-) correlations involving the most non-linear critical points (peaks, voids) display significant variation with redshift, while those involving less non-linear critical points seem mostly insensitive to redshift evolution, which should prove advantageous to model. The ratios of distances to the maxima of the peak-to-wall and peak-to-void over that of the peak-to-filament cross-correlation are ${\sim} \sqrt{2}$ and ${\sim} \sqrt{3}$, respectively, which could be interpreted as the cosmic crystal being on average close to a cubic lattice. The insensitivity to redshift evolution suggests that the absolute and relative clustering of critical points could become a topologically robust alternative to standard clustering techniques when analysing upcoming surveys such as Euclid or Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
Conserved dual-mode gene regulation programs in higher eukaryotes
Authors: Lee Jun-Yeong , Song Jawon , LeBlanc Lucy , Davis Ian , Kim Jonghwan , Beck Samuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent genomic data analyses have revealed important underlying logics in eukaryotic gene regulation, such as CpG islands (CGIs)-dependent dual-mode gene regulation. In mammals, genes lacking CGIs at their promoters are generally regulated by interconversion between euchromatin and heterochromatin, while genes associated with CGIs constitutively remain as euchromatin. Whether a similar mode of gene regulation exists in non-mammalian species has been unknown. Here, through comparative epigenomic analyses, we demonstrate that the dual-mode gene regulation program is common in various eukaryotes, even in the species lacking CGIs. In cases of vertebrates or plants, we find that genes associated with high methylation level promoters are inactivated by forming heterochromatin and expressed in a context-dependent manner. In contrast, the genes with low methylation level promoters are broadly expressed and remain as euchromatin even when repressed by Polycomb proteins. Furthermore, we show that invertebrate animals lacking DNA methylation, such as fruit flies and nematodes, also have divergence in gene types: some genes are regulated by Polycomb proteins, while others are regulated by heterochromatin formation. Altogether, our study establishes gene type divergence and the resulting dual-mode gene regulation as fundamental features shared in a broad range of higher eukaryotic species.
Spatial coupling between DNA replication and mismatch repair in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Chai Tiancong , Terrettaz Céline , Collier Justine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) process detects and corrects replication errors in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. In most bacteria, it is initiated by MutS detecting mismatches and MutL nicking the mismatch-containing DNA strand. Here, we show that MMR reduces the appearance of rifampicin resistances more than a 100-fold in the Caulobacter crescentus Alphaproteobacterium. Using fluorescently-tagged and functional MutS and MutL proteins, live cell microscopy experiments showed that MutS is usually associated with the replisome during the whole S-phase of the C. crescentus cell cycle, while MutL molecules may display a more dynamic association with the replisome. Thus, MMR components appear to use a 1D-scanning mode to search for rare mismatches, although the spatial association between MutS and the replisome is dispensible under standard growth conditions. Conversely, the spatial association of MutL with the replisome appears as critical for MMR in C. crescentus, suggesting a model where the β-sliding clamp licences the endonuclease activity of MutL right behind the replication fork where mismatches are generated. The spatial association between MMR and replisome components may also play a role in speeding up MMR and/or in recognizing which strand needs to be repaired in a variety of Alphaproteobacteria.
Subtemporal, Transapical, and Transcavernous Approach to Clip Low-Lying Basilar Tip Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Zeeshan Qazi , Feroze Abdullah H , Ene Chibawanye , Vellimana Ananth K , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Basilar tip aneurysm clipping is technically challenging because of the depth of operative corridor, rarity in presentation, and important perforators supplying deep, critical structures. Two major approaches to basilar tip aneurysms include (1) a frontotemporal (transorbital) trans-sylvian approach for most aneurysms and (2) a modified subtemporal approach for aneurysms with low-lying necks.
A 53-yr-old woman presented to our institution with a large unruptured basilar tip aneurysm notable for a low, broad neck (6.4 mm). After discussion of risks and benefits of endovascular vs surgical options, the patient consented to operative intervention. She underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy with zygomatic osteotomy, intradural petrous apicectomy, elective sectioning of the fourth cranial nerve (CN IV), and intracavernous removal of the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process to provide more space for aneurysm dissection. After temporary clipping of the basilar artery, the perforating arteries were dissected free from the aneurysm and the aneurysm occluded with 2 fenestrated clips.
Important technical nuances of the approach include (1) achieving ample working room for temporary occlusion aneurysm dissection, (2) careful dissection of the perforators and contralateral P1, and (3) utilization of 2 fenestrated clips to accommodate and preserve the ipsilateral P1 segment.
Postoperative angiogram showed complete aneur-ysmal occlusion. Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated mild cognitive impairment and a right CN IV palsy. At 6-wk follow-up, cognition recovered to normalcy. More recently, at 12-mo follow-up, the patient noted intermittent diplopia. Formal neuro-ophthalmologic assessment confirmed persistence of a CN IV palsy treated with prism lenses but no other neurological deficits.
Risky Routes, Safe Suspicions: Gender, Class, and Cabs in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Annavarapu Sneha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A robust body of literature documents how women manage their self-presentation and perceptions of sexual risk when navigating city spaces. Yet we know less about how these strategies and tactics interact with existing class relations in society. This study investigates how, in the metropolitan city of Hyderabad in India, upwardly mobile women who commute via ride-share apps and lower-class men employed as drivers navigate the temporarily shared space of the car ride within the broader context of growing public anxiety around women’s safety in the city. Drawing on interview data and participant observation, I show two empirical patterns: 1) women commuters and men cabdrivers each view the other through the lens of suspicion as relatively more powerful than themselves; and 2) while women construct men drivers as sexually rapacious and dangerous, men understand the upwardly mobile woman commuter as entitled and abusive of her class power. I argue that competing understandings of risk exacerbate social distance and reproduce class and gender hierarchies between men drivers and women commuters. I suggest that the desire for safety vocalized by women passengers, while understandable, seems to rest on a set of processes that further pathologize and “otherize” the lower-class male subject.
A prospective study of the relationships between change in body composition and cardiovascular risk factors across the menopause
Authors: Dehghan Aaron , Vasan Senthil K. , Fielding Barbara A. , Karpe Fredrik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Menopause increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which in part has been attributed to the rise in cholesterol and blood pressure (BP). This study examined the hypothesis that menopausal changes in body composition and regional fat depots relate to the change in CVD risk factors.

Methods:
A prospective recall study was designed to capture premenopausal women to be re-examined soon after menopause. A total of 97 women from the Oxford Biobank underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood biochemistry, and BP readings pre- and postmenopause.

Results:
Despite minimal changes in body weight over the 5.1 ± 0.9 year follow-up period, there was an increase in total fat mass and a decline in lean mass, where the proportional change of regional fat mass was the greatest for the visceral fat depot (+22%, P < 0.01). Plasma ApoB (+12%, P < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (+45%, P < 0.01) increased as did systolic (+7%, P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (+5%, P < 0.001). Plasma nonesterified fatty acids decreased (−20%, P < 0.05) which may reflect on a change in adipose tissue function across the menopause. PCSK-9 decreased (−26%, P < 0.01) which suggests a compensation for the postmenopausal reduction in low-density lipoprotein receptor activity. Using multilinear regression analyses the changes in ApoB and diastolic BP were associated with visceral fat mass change, but this association was lost when adjusted for total fat mass change.

Conclusion:
The increase in CVD risk factor burden across menopause may not be driven by changes in body composition, rather by functional changes in end organs such as adipose tissue and liver.