bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis to predict residual strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymers after one‐sided thermal loading
Authors: Vetter Tanja Marina , Zimmer Felix , Eibl Sebastian , Gudladt Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, structural, mechanical, and chemical changes of one‐sided thermally loaded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are investigated. The aim is to test and reliably predict residual strength and delamination depth by using infrared spectroscopy. CFRP of different thicknesses (HexPly® 8552/IM7) were irradiated at varying heat fluxes over various time intervals. The inhomogeneously distributed matrix degradation was analyzed by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a depth resolution of 0.2 mm. Residual interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was determined and microfocused computed X‐ray tomography was used to measure the delamination depth. Principal component analyses were performed to show which information in the infrared spectra is affected by thermal loading. Furthermore, the combination of spectra taken at different depths of the CFRP can be used to develop partial least squares regression models to predict ILSS and delamination depth. Despite an inhomogenous distribution of thermal damage, precise predictions of ILSS and delamination depth with models considering varying sample thicknesses and heat fluxes were achieved.
Mechanical properties of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites modified by carbon micro‐ and nanofillers
Authors: Burkov Mikhail V. , Eremin Alexander V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHybrid composite materials reinforced with unidirectional fibers and small‐scale micro‐ or nanoparticles provide benefits compared to traditional composites. The present paper shows the experimental investigation of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymers modified by the addition of 0.5–5 wt% of milled carbon fibers and 0.1–0.5 wt% of single‐wall carbon nanotubes. Both fillers were analyzed from technological point of view. The impact on mechanical and physical properties was revealed and discussed. Main attention was paid to quasi‐static tensile and flexural properties as well as fatigue behavior under tension–tension mode. The maximal improvement in static tensile strength by 8.6% (from 682 to 741 MPa) and flexural strength by 14% (from 649 to 740 MPa) was achieved by the addition of 0.3 wt% single‐wall carbon nanotubes. Short beam shear strength increased by 18%. Fatigue durability was highly improved as well. The strengthening mechanisms are attributed to the improvement of shear interfacial properties. In contrast to single‐wall carbon nanotubes, milled carbon fibers enhanced the properties by 3%–9% only at static loading, while fatigue properties are negatively affected.
Multidimensional analytical protocols for the fractionation and analysis of complex polyolefins
Authors: Pasch Harald , Ndiripo Anthony , Bungu Paul Severin Eselem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough produced from simple monomers that contain just carbon and hydrogen, polyolefin have complex molecular structures that are characterized by distributions in molar mass, chemical composition, and branching. Accordingly, a variety of advanced analytical techniques are needed for the comprehensive characterization of the molecular heterogeneity of polyolefins. These include different fractionation, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis methods. Very frequently, method couplings such as two‐dimensional liquid chromatography or the coupling of crystallization‐ and column‐based techniques are required. This review presents the current state of the art in multidimensional analysis of complex polyolefins. It discusses methods for bulk analysis as well as different analytical and preparative fractionation protocols. For different types of polyolefins it is shown that a preparative fractionation according to chemical composition/branching or molar mass helps to reduce the molecular complexity of the sample. Sample libraries can be obtained that may have narrow distributions regarding one molecular parameter. A detailed investigation of such library samples regarding other (broadly distributed) molecular parameters helps to fully explore the molecular heterogeneity of a complex sample.
Barriers to home bowel cancer screening
Authors: Goodwin Belinda C. , Myers Larry , Ireland Michael J. , March Sonja , Ralph Nicholas , Dunn Jeff , Chambers Suzanne , Aitken Joanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and test a psychometric instrument for measuring common barriers to completing and returning home bowel cancer screening kits.MethodsOne hundred and ten items were reviewed by an expert panel (n = 15) and presented in an online cross‐sectional survey with 427 Australian adults. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify an optimal factor solution of latent barrier types and aggregated factor scores were examined and compared between demographic groups.ResultsCommon barriers included having already been screened (32.3%), forgetting about the kit (24.4%), and a lack of planning (21.8%). Barriers reflecting hygiene concerns were also endorsed by over 15% of the sample. Four clear barrier types were evident reflecting disgust, avoidance, lack of autonomy, and physical difficulties.ConclusionsFindings support calls to apply multi‐faceted interventions strategies that address a broad range of barrier types, particularly that which encourage planning, and prompt and facilitate easy stool collection.
Phylogeny reveals non‐random medicinal plant organ selection by local people in Benin
Authors: Gaoue Orou G. , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Mankga Ledile , Vodouhe Fifanou 
Published: May 2021

Societal Impact StatementHumans rely on plants in their environment for food and medicine. Understanding how humans select plant species will help us anticipate what plant species will be valuable for society in the future. However, previous approaches to study the drivers of plant selection have been criticized. We explored medicinal plant selection using a refined methodology and corroborate that humans select plant species for medicine in a non‐random way. Furthermore, we found that selection of specific plant organs across similar species is also non‐random. Improved understanding of medicinal plant selection can help identify new medicinal plants and the particular organs of plant species that are most likely to contain bioactive compounds to help improve human health and well‐being.Summary

Ethnobotany, the science of human–plant interactions, has for long focused on documenting the traditional knowledge that humans have developed and accumulated over centuries toward plant uses. However, how such knowledge is constructed remains poorly understood and some of the methodological approaches developed for this purpose have been criticized.
Here, we combine negative binomial models and phylogenetic comparative methods to test whether selection of medicinal plant species and organs by local people are non‐random using data from Benin, a country in West Africa with roughly 3,000 plant species.
We found evidence for taxonomic and phylogenetic non‐random selection of medicinal plants: some taxa are preferentially used for medicine. Our analysis uncovers that plant organs are also non‐randomly selected for medicine. Beyond plant taxonomy, similar plant organs of closely related species tended to be used for similar treatments because these organs are likely to have similar secondary chemistry. Such non‐random organ selection was more apparent for certain plant organs such as roots, bark, and leaves, which are predicted to be more vital for population fitness and species persistence.
Collectively, our study suggests that the emerging non‐random pattern of medicinal plant selection may be a consequence of heterogeneous within‐plant distribution of secondary chemistry across different organs proportionally to their importance to plant fitness as predicted by the optimal defense theory.
Virtual clinical trial simulations for a novel KRASG12C inhibitor (ASP2453) in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sayama Hiroyuki , Marcantonio Diana , Nagashima Takeyuki , Shimazaki Masashi , Minematsu Tsuyoshi , Apgar Joshua F , Burke John M. , Wille Lucia , Nagasaka Yasuhisa , Kirouac Daniel C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKRAS is a small GTPase family protein that relays extracellular growth signals to cell nucleus. KRASG12C mutations lead to constitutive proliferation signaling and are prevalent across human cancers. ASP2453 is a novel, highly potent, and selective inhibitor of KRASG12C. Although preclinical data suggested impressive efficacy, it remains unclear whether ASP2453 will show more favorable clinical response compared to more advanced competitors, such as AMG 510. Here, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model linking KRAS signaling to tumor growth in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer. The model was parameterized using in vitro ERK1/2 phosphorylation and in vivo xenograft data for ASP2453. Publicly disclosed clinical data for AMG 510 were used to generate a virtual population, and tumor size changes in response to ASP2453 and AMG 510 were simulated. The QSP model predicted ASP2453 exhibits greater clinical response than AMG 510, supporting potential differentiation and critical thinking for clinical trials.
Measuring Tailbeat Frequencies of Three Fish Species from Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar Data
Authors: Helminen Jani , O’Sullivan Antóin M. , Linnansaari Tommi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImaging sonars, such as the Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS), provide high‐resolution sonar data that are used in fisheries research and management. While sonar methods have enormous potential for making population estimates, species identification via sonar remains an unresolved challenge. One method that may overcome this challenge involves measuring tailbeat frequencies to guide species differentiation. The tailbeat frequencies of three commonly sympatric anadromous fish species of eastern North America, Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, and American Shad Alosa sapidissima, were measured from imaging sonar data collected in an experimental low‐flow, short‐range setup. The frequencies were significantly different between the species (mean ± 1 SD beats/s: 0.6 ± 0.3 [Atlantic Salmon], 0.9 ± 0.2 [Striped Bass], and 1.4 ± 0.3 [American Shad]) when measured using a previously established manual method. Building on this, an automated method was developed and tested, and the method showed promising results. However, when compared to manually identified number of beats the error was large (on average, 1.1 [Atlantic Salmon], 4.8 [Striped Bass], and −0.4 [American Shad] beats in a fish track), especially in high fish densities. Despite the limitations, the automated method has utility in fisheries management when high‐quality data can be collected for species with differing tailbeat frequencies.
Unpacking Contributions of Morphosyntactic Awareness and Vocabulary to Science Reading Comprehension among Linguistically Diverse Students
Authors: Ardasheva Yuliya , Crosson Amy C. , Carbonneau Kira J. , French Brian F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA lack of familiarity with the lexical, grammatical, and discursive features associated with academic language presents comprehension challenges for many adolescent readers, especially those with still‐developing English language skills. Although many studies focused on reading comprehension in content areas, the prevalent use of standardized tests combining narrative and expository readings across academic domains undermines our understandings of the specialized language and skills required for comprehension in each particular discipline. In this study, we examined contributions of domain‐general and domain‐specific language skills needed for reading in science, a linguistically and cognitively demanding subject area. The sample included 241 Grade 8 students, 64 of whom were emergent English speakers (current ELs). Proficient English speakers included 118 former ELs. Our statistical modeling results explained 80% of the variance in students’ science reading comprehension and science vocabulary scores. Mediated effects of morphosyntactic awareness and a direct effect of science vocabulary on reading comprehension of physical sciences texts were supported. Support is also offered for an appropriate measurement specification for the construct of morphosyntactic awareness and the appropriateness of using definition (breadth) and picture (depth) match tasks for assessing science vocabulary. Less variance was explained in students’ morphosyntactic awareness, a variable that needs further examination.
Arsenic trioxide reduces the expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules in acute leukemia cells
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Tchounwou Paul B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although ATO modulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis in APL cells, its exact mechanism of action remains elusive. In this research, we investigated its effects on E2F1, cyclin E, p53, pRb, and PI3K signaling molecules by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and/or confocal imaging. We found that ATO inhibited the proliferation of APL cells through down‐regulation of E2F1 and cyclin E expression, and stimulation of pRb. It also reduced the interaction of pRb and E2F1with binding to the E2F1 promoter, by stimulating pRb association. ATO also effected the phosphorylation of pRb at S608 and T373 residues and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53, simultaneously. However, in p53‐knockdown NB4 cells, ATO did not significantly reduce E2F1 and cyclin E expression. Our findings demonstrate that ATO inhibits APL cell growth through reduced expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and stimulation of pRb. It also effected both interaction and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53 by phosphorylation of pRb at T373 and S608 residues and reduced phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules. This novel mode of action of ATO in APL cells may be useful for designing new APL drugs.
Iron(II) Complexes Featuring a Redox‐Active Dihydrazonopyrrole Ligand
Authors: Jesse Kate A. , Chang Mu‐Chieh , Filatov Alexander S. , Anderson John S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNature uses control of the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate an astounding variety of transformations. Similarly, synthetic chemists have found metal‐ligand cooperativity to be a powerful strategy for designing complexes that can mediate challenging reactivity. In particular, this strategy has been used to facilitate two electron reactions with first row transition metals that more typically engage in one electron redox processes. While NNN pincer ligands feature prominently in this area, examples which can potentially engage in both proton and electron transfer are less common. Dihydrazonopyrrole (DHP) ligands have been isolated in a variety of redox and protonation states when complexed to Ni. However, the redox‐state of this ligand scaffold is less obvious when complexed to metal centers with more accessible redox couples. Here, we synthesize a new series of Fe‐DHP complexes in two distinct oxidation states. Detailed characterization supports that the redox‐chemistry in this set is still primarily ligand based. Finally, these complexes exist as 5‐coordinate species with an open coordination site offering the possibility of enhanced reactivity.
Explaining Atomki anomaly and muon g − 2 in U(1)X extended flavour violating two Higgs doublet model
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Sanyal Prasenjit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate a two Higgs doublet model with extra flavour depending U(1)X gauge symmetry where Z′ boson interactions can explain the Atomki anomaly by choosing appropriate charge assignment for the SM fermions. For parameter region explaining the Atomki anomaly we obtain light scalar boson with $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10) GeV mass, and we explore scalar sector to search for allowed parameter space. We then discuss anomalous magnetic dipole moment of muon and lepton flavour violating processes induced by Yukawa couplings of our model.
The EFT-hedron
Authors: Arkani-Hamed Nima , Huang Tzu-Chen , Huang Yu-tin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We re-examine the constraints imposed by causality and unitarity on the low-energy effective field theory expansion of four-particle scattering amplitudes, exposing a hidden “totally positive” structure strikingly similar to the positive geometries associated with grassmannians and amplituhedra. This forces the infinite tower of higher-dimension operators to lie inside a new geometry we call the “EFT-hedron”. We initiate a systematic investigation of the boundary structure of the EFT-hedron, giving infinitely many linear and non-linear inequalities that must be satisfied by the EFT expansion in any theory. We illustrate the EFT-hedron geometry and constraints in a wide variety of examples, including new consistency conditions on the scattering amplitudes of photons and gravitons in the real world.
Prognostic factors for mortality in 123 severe cases of necrotizing fasciitis in 5 hospitals in the Netherlands between 2003 and 2017
Authors: van Stigt Sander , Knubben Merel , Schrooten Tim , Tan Edward 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe soft tissue infection with a high morbidity and mortality. With early diagnosis and treatment this could be reduced. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis can be very difficult. In recent years many risk factors have been identified. In 2004, the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score was developed. A tool that could help diagnosing NF. In this study, we search for prognostic factors for mortality in necrotizing fasciitis.

Methods
All adult patients with histopathological or surgical confirmed NF needed to be admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h between January 2003 and December 2017 in five hospitals from the Nijmegen teaching region were included. We excluded patients with other forms of soft tissue infections or patients with an intensive care unit (ICU) stay of < 24 h because we exclusively wanted to include patients with a fulminant course of necrotizing fasciitis.

Results
We have included 123 cases. The overall mortality was 31.7% (N = 39). The overall mean LRINEC score was 7.4 ± 2.7. Patients who died as the result of NF had a significantly higher median LRINEC score (8 vs. 7, p = 0.034). Other parameters found to be associated with mortality are age ≥ 60 years, cardiovascular disease in the medical history, ≥ 2 comorbidities, and lactate level greater than 1.7 mmol/L.

Conclusion
LRINEC score should be calculated in all patients presenting with NF to provide an additional source for clinical outcome. A high LRINEC score could implicate a higher risk of mortality. Especially in elderly patients, with a cardiac history, more than two comorbidities or a lactate level greater than 1.7 mmol/L.
Invariant plurisubharmonic functions on non-compact Hermitian symmetric spaces
Authors: Geatti Laura , Iannuzzi Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet $$\,G/K\,$$

G
/
K

be an irreducible non-compact Hermitian symmetric space and let $$\,D\,$$

D

be a $$\,K$$

K

-invariant domain in $$\,G/K$$

G
/
K

. In this paper we characterize several classes of $$\,K$$

K

-invariant plurisubharmonic functions on $$\,D\,$$

D

in terms of their restrictions to a slice intersecting all $$\,K$$

K

-orbits. As applications we show that $$\,K$$

K

-invariant plurisubharmonic functions on $$\,D\,$$

D

are necessarily continuous and we reproduce the classification of Stein $$\,K$$

K

-invariant domains in $$\,G/K\,$$

G
/
K

obtained by Bedford and Dadok. (J Geom Anal 1:1–17, 1991).
Hemoconcentration and predictors in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli-hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS)
Authors: Loos Sebastian , Oh Jun , van de Loo Laura , Kemper Markus J. , Blohm Martin , Schild Raphael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemoconcentration has been identified as a risk factor for a complicated course in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli-hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS). This single-center study assesses hemoconcentration and predictors at presentation in STEC-HUS treated from 2009–2017.

Methods
Data of 107 pediatric patients with STEC-HUS were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with mild HUS (mHUS, definition: max. serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL and no major neurological symptoms) were compared to patients with severe HUS (sHUS, definition: max. serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL ± major neurological symptoms). Additionally, predictors of complicated HUS (dialysis ± major neurological symptoms) were analyzed.

Results
Sixteen of one hundred seven (15%) patients had mHUS. Admission of patients with sHUS occurred median 2 days earlier after the onset of symptoms than in patients with mHUS. On admission, patients with subsequent sHUS had significantly higher median hemoglobin (9.5 g/dL (3.6–15.7) vs. 8.5 g/dL (4.2–11.5), p = 0.016) than patients with mHUS. The product of hemoglobin (g/dL) and LDH (U/L) (cutoff value 13,302, sensitivity 78.0%, specificity of 87.5%) was a predictor of severe vs. mild HUS. Creatinine (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93) and the previously published score hemoglobin (g/dL) + 2 × creatinine (mg/dL) showed a good prediction for development of complicated HUS (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.93).

Conclusions
At presentation, patients with subsequent severe STEC-HUS had a higher degree of hemoconcentration. This underlines that fluid loss or reduced fluid intake/administration may be a risk factor for severe HUS. The good predictive value of the score hemoglobin (g/dL) + 2 × creatinine (mg/dL) for complicated HUS could be validated in our cohort.

Graphical abstract
On separability properties in direct products of semigroups
Authors: O’Reilly Gerard , Quick Martyn , Ruškuc Nik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate four finiteness conditions related to residual finiteness: complete separability, strong subsemigroup separability, weak subsemigroup separability and monogenic subsemigroup separability. For each of these properties we examine under which conditions the property is preserved under direct products. We also consider if any of the properties are inherited by the factors in a direct product. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for finite semigroups to preserve the properties of strong subsemigroup separability and monogenic subsemigroup separability in a direct product.
Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin in E. coli isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in Italy
Authors: Cilia Giovanni , Turchi Barbara , Fratini Filippo , Ebani Valentina Virginia , Turini Luca , Cerri Domenico , Bertelloni Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe One Health approach is not only focused on diseases and zoonosis control but also on antimicrobial resistance. As concern this important issue, the problem of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance recently emerged. Few studies reported data about colistin resistance and mcr genes in bacteria from wildlife. In this manuscript, 168 Escherichia coli isolated from hunted wild boar were tested; colistin resistance was evaluated by MIC microdilution method, and the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes was evaluated by PCR. Overall, 27.9% of isolates resulted resistant to colistin, and most of them showed a MIC value > 256 μg/mL. A percentage of 44.6% of tested E. coli scored positive for one or both genes. In details, 13.6% of isolated harbored mcr-1 and mcr-2 in combination; most of them exhibiting the highest MIC values. Interestingly, 19.6% of mcr-positive E. coli resulted phenotypically susceptible to colistin. Wild boar could be considered a potential reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria. In the light of the possible contacts with domestic animals and humans, this wild species could play an important role in the diffusion of colistin resistance. Thus, the monitoring programs on wildlife should include this aspect.