bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and forecasting of respiratory viral epidemics among children in west China
Authors: Duan Yifei , He Jinlan , Cui Yali , Li Wensheng , Jiang Yongmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We aimed to assess the respiratory virus characteristics and forecasts among young children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in west China.
This retrospective study investigated the epidemic characteristics of respiratory viruses among 11,813 paediatric ARTI patient samples (mean age, 2.25 years) between March 2018 and March 2020.
The ratio of boys to girls was 1.36. The 2 predominant viruses were influenza (Flu) A and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in both years, with Flu A accounting for 47.3% and 47.5% in the first and second years and RSV accounting for 32.7% and 24.7% of the positive samples in the first and second years, respectively. The Flu B positive rates were 10.9% and 13.1%, and those of the other 4 viruses were <7%. The most common virus was RSV in children below 5 years and Flu A in those between 5 and 10 years. Flu A and RSV demonstrated pronounced seasonality, and their infection rates increased from October. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, isolation measures led to a decline in the number of ARTI cases.
This study provides surveillance data of the respiratory viruses in west China. It could guide medical staff in implementing necessary prevention and management strategies before future viral outbreaks.
Traditional Chinese medicine injection for the treatment of viral pneumonia in children
Authors: Fang Li , Pei Jiaoru , Mao Song , Wu Liangxia , Jiang Siqiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, more and more reports are focused on the application of traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMJ) for the treatment of viral pneumonia. There are about 200 million cases of viral pneumonia worldwide every year, half of which are children. At present, many kinds of TCMJ are created for the treatment of viral pneumonia in children, with good therapeutic effects. However, there are many kinds of TCMJ, and the treatment advantages are different, thus bringing difficulties to the selection of clinical drugs. In order to provide evidence-based evidence support for the clinical selection of TCMJ for the treatment of viral pneumonia in children, this study selected the commonly used TCMJ for clinical treatment of viral pneumonia for meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy.

Methods:
The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Viper information databases, Cochran library Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE will be searched. The literature will be searched, with language restriction in English and Chinese. The related reference will be retrieved as well. Two reviewers will independently extract data and perform quality assessment of included studies. Review Manager 5.3 will be applied to conduct this meta-analysis.

Results:
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal once we finish this study.

Conclusions:
This study provides reliable evidence-based evidence for the efficacy of TCMJ in the treatment of viral pneumonia in children.

Ethics and dissemination:
We will not be allowed to publish private information from individuals. This kind of systematic review should not harm the rights of participants. No ethical approval was required. The results can be published in peer-reviewed journals or at relevant conferences.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/795MB.
Effects of long noncoding RNA on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Qingjie , Zhang Yong , Liu Yanguo , Xu Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is reported to be upregulated in many tumors. Although the expression of lncRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma has been assessed, the association between lncRNA expression and prognosis or clinicopathological feature still remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to verify whether lncRNA expression was related to prognosis or clinicopathological features in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods:
We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases from inception to February 2021. The language included Chinese and English. The published literature on lncRNA expression and prognosis or clinicopathological characteristics of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was statistically analyzed. The combination of hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were applied to evaluate the effects of lncRNA on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Results:
This study could provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence of lncRNA on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of our study will provide the updated evidence to judge the lncRNA on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Gan Xianghai , Gong Junzuo , Mou Tianyi , Zhou Hua , Li Mengqin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Several studies have been performed to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and acute pancreatitis, but the results are inconclusive. We conducted this meta-analysis for a precise estimation of the association between BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), TaqI (rs731236), and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphisms and acute pancreatitis.

Methods:
Appropriate studies were retrieved by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases, until January 31, 2021. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association.
All of the data were analyzed with Stata 16.0.

Results:
The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis will summarize the association between BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI polymorphisms and the risk of acute pancreatitis.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval was not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms.

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/83W7R.
Generalized morphoea in the setting of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Langan Ewan A. , Budner Kaja , Zillikens Detlef , Terheyden Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Immune checkpoint inhibition has dramatically altered the therapeutic landscape in the treatment of a range of locally advanced and metastatic skin cancers. In particular, the treatment of metastatic melanoma with combined anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) antagonists has resulted in median 5-year survival rates of over 50%. However, combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy frequently results in the development of immune-related adverse events (irAE) which can be severe and life-threatening. While the typical irAEs, namely colitis, thyroiditis, and hepatitis are well recognized, cutaneous irAEs are varied and can be difficult to accurately diagnose.

Patient concerns:
A 61-year-old female with metastatic melanoma presented with widespread indurated, waxy skin changes, and weight loss following combined anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy.

Diagnoses:
Generalized morphea in the setting of combined immunotherapy.

Interventions:
Dexamethasone pulse therapy (100 mg i.v. over 3 days) was combined with topical therapy (clobetasone propionate ointment) and physiotherapy. Four cycles of dexamethasone pulse therapy, at 4 weekly intervals, led to an improvement in the skin changes, accompanied by increased mobility. However, the changes did not resolve completely.

Outcome:
Staging examinations revealed progressive melanoma brain metastases and despite 2 further cycles of combined anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy followed by 1.5 cycles of Fotemustine, the patient died 22 months after the development of the scleroderma-like skin changes.

Lessons:
Cutaneous irAEs are varied in nature and severity. Sclerotic skin changes are rare, but unlike cutaneous irAEs related to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, they are often refractory to standard treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Clinicians should be aware of immunotherapy-related scleroderma to prompt dermatological evaluation to facilitate early recognition and initiate treatment. Administration of systemic immunosuppression should be carefully balanced against the risk of promoting melanoma progression.
Acquired hemophilia A associated with Epstein–Barr-virus-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Yamamoto Masayo , Shindo Motohiro , Sumi Chihiro , Igarashi Sho , Saito Takeshi , Tsukada Nodoka , Toki Yasumichi , Hatayama Mayumi , Inamura Junki , Sato Kazuya , Mizukami Yusuke , Torimoto Yoshihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII). Hematological malignancies, especially lymphoid malignancies, are known to be underlying causes of AHA; however, thus far, there is no report of AHA associated with Epstein–Barr-virus-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-T/NK-LPD). Here, we present a case of AHA that developed during treatment for EBV-T/NK-LPD.

History:
A 69-year-old man visited our hospital because of general fatigue. Blood examination showed pancytopenia, and computed tomography revealed whole-body lymphadenopathy, but there were no findings indicating hematological malignancy from bone marrow aspiration and cervical lymph node biopsy. The level of EBV DNA in peripheral blood was extremely high, and he was diagnosed with EBV-T/NK-LPD. EBV-T/NK-LPD improved with prednisolone (PSL) administration. Seventeen months after starting treatment, the patient complained of back and right leg pain. At that time, he had been treated with low-dose PSL, and EBV-T/NK-LPD was well controlled. Imaging revealed hematoma of the right iliopsoas muscle. Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was the only abnormal finding in a screening coagulation test. FVIII coagulant activity was below detection limit, and FVIII inhibitor level was increased. From these results, he was diagnosed with AHA.
A higher dose of PSL was administered, and, after 1 month of treatment, FVIII activity gradually increased, and FVIII inhibitor level became undetectable. APTT also normalized, and complete remission was achieved and maintained for 13 months with low-dose PSL. During treatment, EBV-T/NK-LPD was well controlled.

Conclusion:
It is speculated that proliferating lymphocytes interfere with normal immune functions and that abnormal autoantibodies are produced from those lymphocytes in patients with LPD. Therefore, we speculate that EBV-infected and proliferating monoclonal NK cells might have modulated the immune system and produced autoantibodies against FVIII, thus causing AHA in this patient with EBV-T/NK-LPD.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy causes severe acute pancreatitis and stillborn fetus
Authors: Ye Rongzong , Mai Zhenhua , Pan Xiaoyan , Cai Shuting , Deng Liehua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Acute
fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a potentially fatal obstetric emergency characterized by acute hepatic failure secondary to fatty infiltration. The resultant effects include coagulopathy, electrolyte abnormalities, and multisystem organ dysfunction. Pancreatitis typically develops after the onset of renal and hepatic dysfunction. Pancreatitis has been suggested as a poor prognostic indicator because it is associated with more adverse outcomes.

Patient concerns:
A 29-year-old Chinese woman at 34.7 weeks pregnancy was admitted to hospital due to paroxysmal hypogastric pain and massive colporrhagia for 1 day.

Diagnosis:
Laboratory tests revealed hepatic and renal impairment, coagulopathy. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning showed pleural and peritoneal effusion, fatty liver, and pancreatitis. She was diagnosed with AFLP, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and intrauterine fetal death.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with blood component transfusions, plasma exchange combined with renal replacement therapy, antibiotic de-escalation, gastric and pancreatic secretion inhibitor, and enteral nutrition.

Outcomes:
After successful management, the patient was discharged without any complications on day 35 of admission. At 10 months follow-up, thoracoabdominal enhanced CT revealed was normal and laboratory tests revealed normal liver and kidney function.

Lessons:
Once AFLP is highly suspected or confirmed, the pregnancy should be terminated in time and active symptomatic management should be given.
The effect of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for post-viral olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Zhang Hewei , Li Bingxue , Cheng Peiyu , Ma Yunfei , Yu Mingwei , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) have been reported in infections caused by several respiratory viruses, especially in COVID-19 which influence severely the quality of life of affected subjects. Few study has been published on the treatment of PVOD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an effective method for PVOD which effects and safety have been confirmed. Therefore, this study is aim to evaluate the effects of TCM on PVOD.

Methods:
A searching strategy will be carried out mainly in the following databases in English and Chinese, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical and Medical Database (CBM), and Wanfang Database. Only randomized controlled trials related to TCM for PVOD will be included to enhance effectiveness. The primary outcome is the effective rate of PVOD. The secondary outcomes are included olfactory domain value examination, visual analogue scale (VAS), questionnaires of olfactory disorders (QOD), T&T olfactometer test, Sniffin ticks test, and any other clinical assessments. Two authors will independently perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment to ensure the quality of the systematic evaluation. Every disagreement will be deal with by the third author. Data synthesis and subgroup analysis will be performed in the Review Manager V 5.3.3.

Results:
This study is aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM in PVOD.

Conclusion
: This meta-analysis may provide more reliable evidence-based medical evidence for clinical practice to assist patient in relieving PVOD.

Ethics and dissemination:
There is no need to acquire ethical approval for individuals come from literatures instead of recruiting directly. The findings of this review will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and/or presented at relevant conferences.

Prospero registration number:
CRD42021238977.
Self-monitored versus supervised walking programs for older adults
Authors: Hsu Ching-Yi , Wu Hsin-Hsien , Liao Hung-En , Liao Tai-Hsiang , Su Shin-Chang , Lin Pay-Shin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Walking is an effective, well accepted, inexpensive, and functional intervention. This study compared the outcomes and changes in walking behavior of self-monitored (SM) and supervised (SU) walking interventions for older adults.
Participants were assigned to SM (n = 21) and SU (n = 21) walking groups according to their place of residence. Both groups exercised and wore a pedometer for 3 months.
The outcome measures were step count, body mass index (BMI), and physical function. Two-way repeated-measure ANOVA and independent t tests were used to compare the intervention effects. We also plotted the trends and analyzed the walking steps weekly.
Only BMI exhibited a group × time interaction. The pre-posttest differences showed knee extension muscle strength (KEMS) and Timed Up and Go test were significantly improved in the SM group, whereas BMI, KEMS, 30-s sit-to-stand, functional reach were significantly improved, but 5-m gait speed significantly slower in the SU group. For participants attending ≥50% of the sessions, those in the SM and SU groups had similar results for all variables, except for 2-min step (2MS) and daily walking step counts.
Both self-monitored and supervised walking benefit older adults in most physical functions, especially lower-extremity performance, such as muscle strength, balance, and mobility. The effects of both programs do not differ significantly, except for BMI and 2MS (ie cardiopulmonary endurance). We recommend pedometer-assisted self-monitored walking for older adults because of its ability to cultivate exercise habits over the long term, whereas supervised walking to establish effective exercise intensity.
The value of automated breast volume scanner combined with virtual touch tissue quantification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Wang Junli , Fan Hongjie , Zhu Yuting , Shen Chunyun , Qiang Banghong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) combined with virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
In this retrospective study, 183 patients (mean age, 49.8 ± 8.2 years) with 218 breast lesions underwent ABVS, VTQ, and mammography (MG). All lesions were confirmed by postoperative histopathology. A logistic regression model was constructed to generate a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and compare and evaluate the diagnostic performance of ABVS, VTQ, MG, and ABVS combined with VTQ (ABVS-VTQ).
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ABVS, VTQ, MG, and ABVS-VTQ in diagnosing breast lesions were 94.01% (110/117), 96.03% (97/101), and 94.95% (207/218); 80.34% (94/117), 94.05% (95/101), and 86.69% (189/218); 70.08% (82/117), 68.31% (69/101), and 69.26% (151/218); and 96.58% (113/117), 96.03% (97/101), and 96.33% (210/218), respectively. The AUC of ABVS-VTQ was higher than that of the other examinations alone. The detection rate of ABVS (100%, 218/218) was higher than that of MG (78.89%, 172/218), and the difference was statistically significant (χ
2 = 51.426, P < .001).
The combined application of ABVS and VTQ can improve the accuracy and specificity of the diagnosis and is a promising ultrasound method for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
SORL1 mutations are associated with parkinsonian and psychiatric features in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Qiu Guozhen , Xu Chunyan , Guo Qiwen , Zhu Fei-Qi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
The sortilin-related receptor 1 gene (SORL1) encodes a key protein (SORLA) involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). SORLA also mediates a trophic pathway that acts through glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a critical survival factor for the midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons.

Patient concerns:
Four patients presented to our hospital with complaints of progressive memory decline, who developed extrapyramidal signs (EPS) and psychiatric symptoms.

Diagnoses:
All 4 patients were diagnosed with AD based on their symptoms, findings from cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Interventions:
We also performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and found 4 novel mutations in SORL1. Donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, madopar, quetiapine, and risperidone were administrated as therapy.

Outcomes:
The four mutations would change the thermal stability of SORLA domain. This could be associated with parkinsonian and psychiatric features in AD. These patients showed improvements in parkinsonian and psychiatric features.

Lessons:
These cases suggest that SORL1 mutations might result in aggregation of a-synuclein through altered function of GDNF and further lead to appearance of core dementia with Lewy bodies features.
Traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation and dens fracture with subaxial SCIWORA of Brown-Sequard syndrome
Authors: Kim Sung-Kyu , Chang Dong-Gune , Park Jong-Beom , Seo Hyoung-Yeon , Kim Yun Hwan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
A case of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS), dens fracture, rupture of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL), and subaxial spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) of Brown-Sequard syndrome has never been reported in a child.

Patient concerns:
A 7-year-old boy presented to hospital with torticollis, neck pain, and limited neck rotation after a seat-belt injury sustained during a car accident. Neurologic examination revealed right-side motor weakness and left-side sensory abnormality, known as Brown-Sequard syndrome.

Diagnosis:
Radiologic examinations revealed type II AARS (Fielding and Hawkins classification), increased atlanto-dental interval (ADI) of 4.5 mm due to a type 1B TAL rupture (Dickman classification), a displaced transverse dens fracture along with an ossiculum terminale, and an intramedullary hemorrhage on the right side of the spinal cord at C3–4.

Interventions:
The patient immediately received methylprednisolone, and his motor weakness and sensory abnormality gradually improved. At the same time, the patient underwent initial halter traction for 2 weeks, but he failed to achieve successful reduction and required manual reduction under general anesthesia.

Outcomes:
At the 7-month follow-up visit, radiologic examinations showed a corrected type II AARS that was well maintained and normalization of the ADI to 2 mm. The reduced transverse dens fracture was well maintained but still not united. All clinical symptoms were significantly improved, except the remaining motor weakness of the right upper extremity.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of traumatic AARS, dens fracture, TAL rupture, and subaxial SCIWORA of Brown-Sequard syndrome in a child. Appropriate diagnosis and careful treatment strategy are required for successful management of complex cervical injuries in a child.