bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Physiological Reveals Drought Adaption Strategies in Different Maize Genotypes
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wu Xi , Li Hongjie , Hao Miaoyi , Zhang Renhe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Drought is an environmental stress that adversely affects maize productivity. However, drought adaption strategies of different maize varieties are not fully clear at the transcriptomic level. In the paper, drought-sensitive SD902 and -resistant SD609 varieties were analyzed to explore transcriptional and physiological alterations to drought stress. Results: The higher SOD, CAT, GSH enzymatic antioxidants, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis rate suggested better performance of SD609 than SD902 variety under drought stress. In transcriptome profiling, a total of 8985 and 7305 difference expression genes (DEGs) were identified in SD902 and SD609 respectively. These genes were overall involved in antioxidation reduce, osmotic adjustment, protein modification (e.g. HSP and chaperone protein), photosynthesis, phytohormone (e.g. ABA, IAA, ethylene), transcription factors (TFs) (e.g. ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP) and MAPK (MAPK1/8, MKK4/9 and MKKK17) cascade. Among them, the upregulated genes significantly correlated with stress adjustment, HSPs and chaperone functions might better reduce drought-induced damage in both SD902 and especially SD609. The higher genes expression of IAA, ethylene and electron transfer in SD609 may be closely related to drought-tolerant performance than SD902 plants. Moreover, the misregulation of TFs, MAPK and ABA signaling would appear vital to explain the various sensitivity to drought in both varieties. Conclusion: The more drought-tolerant SD609 presented a beneficial and significantly higher genes expression of stress protection, IAA transduction, photosynthesis compared with drought-sensitive SD902 variety. Our findings provide vital insights into the molecular signatures underpinning drought resistance in maize.
Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Osteogenesis Through the AKT Signaling Pathway in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Ren Shi-wei , Song Yang , Zhu Qing-run , He Min-gang , Qiu Jie , Wang Qiang , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a relatively common disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural changes of trabecular bone. The reduced bone strength is caused a variety of complications, including fragility fracture and sarcopenia.MethodsWe used CCK-8 and EdU assays to evaluate cell proliferation rates. The osteogenesis effect was detected using ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and q-PCR. In vivo, the effects of exosomes derived from HUC-MSCs were evaluated using HE staining, IHC staining and Masson staining. In addition, we explored the mechanism of exosomes and found that the AKT signaling pathway played an important role in osteogenesis and cell proliferation.ResultsThis paper mainly explored the function of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) and provided a new strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. ConclusionsIn conclusion, exogenous administration of exosomes can contribute to the treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis to a certain extent.
Interprofessional Conflict Among Healthcare Teams in Nigeria: Implications on Quality of Patient Care
Authors: Nwobodo Edwin O. , Nwadinigwe Cajetan U. , Anyaehie Ugochukwu Bond , Ugwu Princewill Ikechukwu , Nwobodo Nkoli F. , Iyidobi Emmanuel Chino , Ikwuka David Chibuike , Nwonye Chibueze Alexander , Ekechi Victoria Chioma , Ojiakor Amamihechineke Grace 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient care in Nigeria is essentially an interprofessional teamwork. The functionality of the team may have substantial implications on the quality of patient care as well as the professional satisfaction of individual professionals in the health team. This study was designed to identity if interprofessional conflicts existed in health teams in health institutions in southeast Nigeria, and to explore their nature, course, identify the extant resolution mechanisms and to start to identify and document feasible mechanisms to mitigate the conflicts. The aim is to enhance the functionality of health teams for an overall better patient care outcome.Method: An online questionnaire survey collected data from 58 health healthcare professionals in four healthcare settings in the southeast of Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted resulting in seven central themes of conflict. The paper adopted narrative qualitative survey tools to survey a cohort of healthcare professionals who have practiced for varying periods. This study investigated the existence, or otherwise, and nature of the conflicts within health teams, probes the most at conflict as well as approaches being used in conflict resolution.Results: Many institutional conflicts exist among the healthcare teams. There are several conflict resolutions approaches that are being employed to resolve the conflicts. Most resolutions are simply the avoidance approach. Many of the conflicts potentially affect patient care outcomes but these are issues that could be resolved on a permanent to semi-permanent basis at local levels whilst others are broader institutional issues that will require external fixes. Discussion: There is a need to improve on the team process for healthcare professional early and systematically. Key or essential steps for doing this based on the importance of continued attentions to better patient care approaches are provided in this paper.
The PB1 Gene from H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Showed High Compatibility and Increased Mutation Rate after Reassorting with a Human H1N1 Influenza Virus
Authors: Cui Hongrui , Che Guangsheng , de Jong Mart CM , Li Xuesong , Liu Qinfang , Yang Jianmei , Teng Qiaoyang , Li Zejun , Beerens Nancy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundReassortment between human and avian influenza viruses (AIV) may result in novel viruses with new characteristics that may threaten human health when causing the next flu pandemic. A particular risk may be posed by avian influenza viruses of subtype H9N2 that are currently massively circulating in domestic poultry in Asia and have been shown to infect humans. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and compatibility of a human H1N1 virus with avian H9N2 derived genes. MethodsThe polymerase activity of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex from different reassortments was tested in luciferase reporter assays. Reassortant viruses were generated by reverse genetics in which genes of the human WSN-H1N1 virus (A/WSN/1933) were replaced by genes of the avian A2093-H9N2 virus (A/chicken/Jiangsu/A2093/2011). We replaced both the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes in combination with one of the genes involved in the RNP complex (either PB2, PB1, PA or NP). The growth kinetics and virulence of reassortant viruses were tested on cell lines and mice. The reassortant viruses were then passaged for five generations in MDCK cells and mice lungs. The HA gene of progeny viruses from different passaging paths was analyzed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). ResultsWe discovered that the avian PB1 gene increased the polymerase activity of the RNP complex. Reassortant viruses were able to replicate in MDCK and DF1 cells and mice. Analysis of the NGS data showed a higher substitution rate for the PB1-reassortant virus. In particular, for the PB1-reassortant virus, increased virulence for mice was measured by increased body weight loss after infection in mice. ConclusionsThe higher polymerase activity and increased mutation frequency measured for the PB1-reassortant virus suggests that the avian PB1 gene may drive the evolution and adaptation of novel reassortant viruses to the human host. This study provides novel insights in the characteristics of novel viruses that may arise by reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses. Surveillance for infections with H9N2 viruses and the emergence of novel reassortant viruses in humans is important for pandemic preparedness.
Surgical Resection is An Effective Therapy for Single Large Hepatocellular Carcinom
Authors: Hsiao Pojen , Yeh Jen-Hao , Hung Chao-Ming , Lin Hung-Yu , Tan TaoQian , Cheng Pin-Nan , Hsieh Kun-Chou , Hsieh Pei-Min , Chen Yaw-Sen , Lin Chih-Wen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Identifying prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies for single large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial. This retrospective study investigated prognostic factors in patients with single large HCC (≥5 cm) and Child–Pugh (CP) class A liver disease and recommended therapeutic strategies.
Methods
In total, 305 patients with single large HCC and CP class A liver disease but without distant metastasis or macrovascular invasion were included. Their clinicopathological data, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were recorded. OS and PFS rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis.
Results
In this study, 77.8% of the patients were men; the median age was 63 years. Approximately 34.1% of the patients had cirrhosis and 89.6% had CP class A5 disease. The most common initial treatment was resection (49.5%), followed by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; 48.2%). OS and PFS rates 1, 5, and 10 years after initial treatment were 88.6%, 58.0%, and 46.8% and 73.6%, 48.2%, and 31.3%, respectively. OS and PRS rates were significantly higher in patients receiving surgical resection than in those receiving TACE. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates were 94.6%, 76.7%, and 66.7% after resection and 83.1%, 39.0%, and 26.6% after TACE. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year PRS rates were 82.5%, 55.7%, and 51.0% after resection and 64.3%, 40.5%, and 22.7% after TACE. In multivariate analysis, CP class A5/6 (A5 vs. A6; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.38, P < 0.001) and initial treatment (resection vs. TACE; HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15–0.36, P < 0.001; resection vs. other treatments; HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17–0.65, P = 0.016) were significantly associated with OS. In addition, CP class A5/6 (A5 vs. A6; HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18–0.56, P < 0.001) and initial treatment (resection vs. TACE; HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16–0.51, P < 0.001; resection vs. other treatments; HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26–0.81, P = 0.042) were significantly associated with PFS.
Conclusion
Surgical resection achieved significantly higher OS and PRS rates than TACE. Surgical resection is an effective and safe therapy for single large HCC.
Rapid System to Detect the Main Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Biological Specimens
Authors: Favaro Marco , Zampini Paola , Pistoia Enrico S. , Gaziano Roberta , Grelli Sandro , Fontana Carla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since its appearance in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to acquire substitutions more slowly than other RNA viruses, but its tendency to manifest recurrent deletions/mutations in the spike glycoprotein exceeds this slow replacement rate. To date, variants have been identified in many countries, some of which are transmitted efficiently and also present several lineages. The rapid identification of such variants is paramount to quickly implement containment measures. We developed a novel assay using traditional real-time PCR to detect the main reported variants of the spike gene of SARS CoV-2. Primers and probes were designed to detect the following deletions and mutations as well as to cover all lineages known to date (B.1.617, B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 and B.1.618): delta 69:70 and delta 144:145 deletions, which denote the UK variant (VOC 202012/01, now called Alpha); delta 242:244 deletion, which identifies the South African variant (now named Beta); delta 3675:3677 deletion in the ORF1a gene, which denotes the Brazilian variant (now called Gamma); and P681R mutation as well as delta 145:146 and delta 157:158 deletions, which identify the Indian variant (also known as Delta). Our assay will help clinical microbiologists and clinicians to rapidly recognize the presence of variants in biological samples (particularly nasopharyngeal swabs), and it may also be useful for epidemiological purposes in the early selection for successive tracing of patients harbouring virus variants that may be more diffusive and/or not responsive to vaccines.
Cohort Characteristics and Factors Associated With Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Canada Using Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement Method
Authors: Zhou Peiyuan , Wong Andrew K.C. , Yang Yang , Leatherdale Scott T. , Battista Kate , Butt Zahid A. , Michalopoulos George , Chen Helen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: COMPASS is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study collecting data annually from students attending high school in jurisdictions across Canada. We aimed to discover significant frequent/rare associations of behavioral factors among Canadian adolescents related to cannabis use.Methods: We use a subset of the COMPASS dataset which contains 18,761 records of students in grades 9 to 12 with 31 selected features (attributes) involving various characteristics, from living habits to academic performance. We then used the Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement (PDD) algorithm to detect strong and rare (yet statistically significant) associations from the dataset.Results: Cohort characteristics and factors associated with cannabis use and other associations detected by PDD show consistent results with common sense and literature surveys. In addition, PDD outperformed methods using other criteria (i.e. support and confidence) popular as reported in the literature. Association results showed that PDD could discover: i) a smaller set of succinct significant associations in clusters; ii) frequent and rare, yet significant, patterns supported by population health relevant study; iii) patterns from a dataset with extremely imbalanced groups (majority class (None-user): minority class (Regular) = 88.3%: 11.7%). Conclusions: Results on the COMPASS dataset have validated PDD’s efficacy in discovering succinct interpretable frequent associations with comprehensive coverage and rare yet significant associations from datasets with extremely imbalanced class distribution without relying on any balancing process. The frequent associations show consistent results with common sense and literature surveys, while the rare patterns show very special cases. The success of PDD on this project indicates that PDD has great potential for population health data analysis.
Health System Responsiveness and Its Associated Factors Among Outpatients in Primary Health Care Facilities, Asagirt District, NorthShewa Zone, Ethiopia, 2021: Cross Sectional Study Design
Authors: Negash Wubshet Debebe , Tsehay Chalie Tadie , Yazachew Lake , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Desta Dawit Zenamarkos , Atnafu Asmamaw 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Health system responsiveness is defined as the outcome of designing health facility relationships in such a way that they are familiar and respond appropriately to patients’ universally legitimate expectations. Even though different strategies have been implemented to measure responsiveness, only scanty evidence exists in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia information about the level of health system responsiveness among outpatients is scant. Assessing responsiveness could help facilities in improving service delivery based on patient expectations. Objective: The study aimed to assess health system responsiveness and associated factors among outpatients in primary health care facilities, Asagirt District, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study was implemented between 30th March and April 30/2021. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 423 participants, and interviewer-administered data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaires. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify factors that have an association with health system responsiveness. Adjusted Odds Ratio with their corresponding 95% CI was used to declare factors associated with health system responsiveness. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance in this study. Results: The overall health system responsiveness was 66.2% (95% CI: 61.4% - 70.7%). Confidentiality and dignity domains were the highest responsiveness score. Health system responsiveness was higher among satisfied outpatients (AOR: 9.9, 95% CI: 5.11-19.46), utilized private clinics (AOR: 8.8, 95% CI: 4.32-18.25), and no transport cost (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.03-2.92) in the study setting. Conclusion: Overall health system responsiveness was higher as compared to other case-specific study in Ethiopia. The domains of Autonomy, Waiting time, Basic amenities, and Choice were identified as vital areas needing the effort to raise responsiveness of health care service in the District. HSR was higher in private than public healthcare facilities, among satisfied clients and those who didn’t pay for transport on their way to the health facility than their counterparts. Thus, enhancing patient satisfaction, using input from service users, Collaboration, and experience exchange between public and private facilities will be important interventions to improve HSR.
Standardised Data on Initiatives – STARDIT: Beta Version
Authors: Nunn Jack , Shafee Thomas , Chang Steven , Stephens Richard , Elliot Jim , Oliver Sandy , John Denny , Smith Maureen , Orr Neil , Preston Jennifer , Borthwick Josephine , Vlijmen Thijs van , Ansell James , Houyez Francois , de Sousa Maria Sharmila Alina , Plotz Roan D , Oliver Jessica L , Golumbic Yaela , Macniven Rona , Wines Samuel , Borda Ann , Hyldmo Håkon da Silva , Hsing Pen-Yuan , Denis Lena , Thompson Carolyn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is currently no standardised way to share information across disciplines about initiatives, including fields such as health, environment, basic science, manufacturing, media and international development. All problems, including complex global problems such as air pollution and pandemics require reliable data sharing between disciplines in order to respond effectively. Current reporting methods also lack information about the ways in which different people are involved in initiatives, making it difficult to collate and appraise data about the most effective ways to involve different people. ObjectiveSTARDIT (Standardised Data on Initiatives) was created to help everyone in the world find and understand information about collective human actions, which are referred to as ‘initiatives’. STARDIT enables multiple categories of data to be reported in a standardised way across disciplines, facilitating appraisal of initiatives and aiding synthesis of evidence for the most effective ways for people to be involved in initiatives. MethodSTARDIT is the first open access web-based data-sharing system which standardises the way that information about initiatives is reported across diverse fields and disciplines, including information about which tasks were done by which stakeholders. STARDIT data is licensed as public domain (CC0) and integrated into Wikidata; it works across multiple languages and is both human and machine readable. Reports can be updated throughout the lifetime of an initiative, from planning to evaluation, allowing anyone to be involved in reporting impacts and outcomes. STARDIT development is guided by participatory action research paradigms, and has been co-created with people from multiple disciplines around the world in multiple ways, working with Indigenous people, cancer patients, health researchers, environmental researchers, economists, librarians and academic publishers. ResultsOver 100 people from multiple disciplines have been involved in co-designing STARDIT. STARDIT reports have been created for peer-reviewed research in multiple journals and other research projects. A working Beta version was publicly released in February 2021 (ScienceforAll.World/STARDIT).
The Meissner effect in high-temperature hydrogen-rich superconductors under high pressure
Authors: Minkov Vasily , Bud'ko Sergey , Balakirev Fedor , Prakapenka Vitali , Chariton Stella , Husband Rachel , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Eremets Mikhail 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the last few years, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of hydrogen-rich compounds has increased dramatically, and is now approaching room temperature. However, the pressures at which these materials are stable exceed one million atmospheres and limit the number of available experimental probes - superconductivity has been primarily identified based on electrical transport measurements. Here, we report definitive evidence of the Meissner effect – a key feature of superconductivity – in H3S and LaH10. Furthermore, we have determined characteristic superconducting parameters: a lower critical field Hc1 of ∼1.9 and ∼1.0 T, and a London penetration depth λL of ∼13 and ∼21 nm in Im-3m-H3S and Fm-3m-LaH10, respectively. These compounds have low values of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ ∼7–14 and belong to the group of “moderate” type II superconductors.
The rs1421085 variant within FTO promotes thermogenesis and is associated with human migration
Authors: Zhang Zhiyin , Chen Na , Liu Ruixin , Yin Nan , He Yang , Li Danjie , Tong Muye , Gao Aibo , Lu Peng , Li Huabing , Zhang Dan , Gu Weiqiong , Hong Jie , Wang Weiqing , Qi Lu , Ning Guang , Wang Jiqiu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One lead risk signal of obesity–rs1421085 T > C within the FTO gene–is reported to be functional in vitro but lack of organismal evidence. Here, we established global and the brown-adipocyte specific locus-knock-in mice to recapitulate this homologous variant in humans and discovered that mice carrying the C-alleles showed increased thermogenic capacity and a resistance to high-fat diet-induced adiposity with enhanced FTO transcription, while FTO knockdown or inhibition effectively eliminated the increased thermogenic ability of brown adipocytes. In humans, the C-allele was associated with lower birthweight, and its allele frequency increases following the environmental temperature decreases. Cumulatively, these findings identified rs1421085 T > C as a functional variant promoting whole-body thermogenesis and was associated with early human migration from hot to cold environments.
Effect Mechanism of Plain Woven Structure of Carbon Fiber on CFRP Cutting
Authors: Dong Guojun , Su Fei , Li Chunjie , Zhen Lei , Chen Bing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is increasingly employed as structural components for aircrafts in aerospace. The plain woven CFRP is more commonly used than the UD-CFRP. The machining-induced damages are easy to occur. The influence of the plain-woven structure on the cutting mechanism and the defects occurrence mechanism are seldom studied in detail. In this paper, the three-dimensional FEM model of plain woven CFRP is established. The occurrence and propagation of the delamination are investigated. The results indicate that the stress concentrations are easy to occur at the junction of warp and fill bundles near the cutting position. The plain-woven structure can block the transfer of stress and the crack propagation. When θ=90°, the damages of the fill fibers and the crack of the interface are easy to occur. When θ=45°, the step-like fracture is formed in both of the warp and the fill bundles, especially in the fill bundles. Under the same cutting conditions, the exit delamination of the plain-woven CFRP is obviously less than that of the UD-CFRP. The delamination greatly increases with the increase of the feed speed. The delamination decreases with the increase of the cutting speed. The delamination is closely related to the instantaneous cutting position of the cutter.