bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Metal Borides for Energy‐Related Electrocatalysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Liu Tingting , Zhang Gaixia , Liu Xianhu , Gauthier Marc. A. , Chen Zhangxing , Sun Shuhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe discovery of durable, active, and affordable electrocatalysts for energy‐related catalytic applications plays a crucial role in the advancement of energy conversion and storage technologies to achieve a sustainable energy future. Transition metal borides (TMBs), with variable compositions and structures, present a number of interesting features including coordinated electronic structures, high conductivity, abundant natural reserves, and configurable physicochemical properties. Therefore, TMBs provide a wide range of opportunities for the development of multifunctional catalysts with high performance and long durability. This review first summarizes the typical structural and electronic features of TMBs. Subsequently, the various synthetic methods used thus far to prepare nanostructured TMBs are listed. Furthermore, advances in emerging TMB‐catalyzed reactions (both theoretical and experimental) are highlighted, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction, the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, the nitrogen reduction reaction, the methanol oxidation reaction, and the formic acid oxidation reaction. Finally, challenges facing the development of TMB electrocatalysts are discussed, with focus on synthesis and energy‐related catalytic applications, and some potential strategies/perspectives are suggested as well, which will profit the design of more efficient TMB materials for application in future energy conversion and storage devices.
Superferromagnetic Nanoparticles Enable Order‐of‐Magnitude Resolution & Sensitivity Gain in Magnetic Particle Imaging
Authors: Tay Zhi Wei , Savliwala Shehaab , Hensley Daniel W. , Fung K.L. Barry , Colson Caylin , Fellows Benjamin D. , Zhou Xinyi , Huynh Quincy , Lu Yao , Zheng Bo , Chandrasekharan Prashant , Rivera‐Jimenez Sindia M. , Rinaldi‐Ramos Carlos M. , Conolly Steven M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have many advantages in medicine such as their use in non‐invasive imaging as a Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) tracer or Magnetic Resonance Imaging contrast agent, the ability to be externally shifted or actuated and externally excited to generate heat or release drugs for therapy. Existing nanoparticles have a gentle sigmoidal magnetization response that limits resolution and sensitivity. Here it is shown that superferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle chains (SFMIOs) achieve an ideal step‐like magnetization response to improve both image resolution & SNR by more than tenfold over conventional MPI. The underlying mechanism relies on dynamic magnetization with square‐like hysteresis loops in response to 20 kHz, 15 kAm−1 MPI excitation, with nanoparticles assembling into a chain under an applied magnetic field. Experimental data shows a “1D avalanche” dipole reversal of every nanoparticle in the chain when the applied field overcomes the dynamic coercive threshold of dipole‐dipole fields from adjacent nanoparticles in the chain. Intense inductive signal is produced from this event resulting in a sharp signal peak. Novel MPI imaging strategies are demonstrated to harness this behavior towards order‐of‐magnitude medical image improvements. SFMIOs can provide a breakthrough in noninvasive imaging of cancer, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal bleeds, stroke, and inflammation imaging.
Arpeggio – die Hauptbrücke der neuen Hisingsbron in Göteborg
Authors: Walser Peter , Savery Trojaborg Steen , Darholm Thomas , Kollén Magnus , Stockmann Rico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEs wird über den Wettbewerb, die Detailplanung, die Ausschreibung und die Bauausführung des Arpeggio, der Hauptbrücke der Hisingsbronquerung in Göteborg, berichtet. Diese Hubbrücke wird die alternde Klappbrücke aus dem Jahre 1939 ersetzen und für eine bessere Anbindung von Straße, Straßenbahn sowie Geh‐ und Radwegen der nördlich gelegenen Bereiche an die Stadtmitte beitragen. Durch die Absenkung der Gradiente wurde es möglich, die Länge der Querung kürzer zu gestalten und somit wertvolle Flächen zur weiteren Entwicklung der Stadt zu gewinnen.
Formulation of Rice and Wheat Based Snacks with Modulated Starch Digestibility by Altering the Dietary Composition
Authors: Bhatt Yogita , Aswathanarayana Setty Jyothi Lakshmi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiabetes and other metabolic disorders are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. This study aims to formulate rice‐based and wheat‐based snack khakhra, a pan‐baked snack, with macronutrient distribution for diabetics, as per the guidelines issued by the American Diabetes Association. Protein, fiber, and fat‐rich ingredients are used to modulate the starch hydrolysis pattern with 50–52%, 28–32%, and 16–20% of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively. It is observed that upon nutrient enrichment, the estimated glycemic index reduces by 8.5% in wheat‐based khakhra and 11% in rice‐based khakhra. Significant changes (p < 0.05) are observed in viscosity, swelling power, solubility, and thermal properties of khakhra flours. Changes in FTIR spectra are also observed, particularly in rice based samples. The khakhra, thus, formulated shows good sensory acceptability in both qualitative descriptive analysis and consumer acceptability tests. These findings suggest that a simple modulation in macronutrient content can be an effective tool in developing a healthy snack at both the domestic and industrial levels.
The Effect of Polyols and Intensive Sweeteners Blends on the Nutritional Properties and Starch Digestibility of Sugar‐Free Cookies
Authors: Borczak Barbara , Sikora Marek , Kapusta‐Duch Joanna , Kutyła‐Kupidura Edyta M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of selected polyols and high‐intensity sweetener blends on the nutritional properties of sugar‐free cookies stored for 6 months at room temperature (25°C). Six types of wheat‐flour cookies are tested with the addition of various mixtures in appropriate proportions: (i) saccharose 100% (control); (ii) maltitol (25%) and sucralose (75%); (iii) maltitol (50%) and sucralose (50%); (iv) sorbitol (50%) and steviol glycosides (50%); (v) maltitol (25%) and acesulfame K (75%); (vi) xylitol (25%) and steviol glycosides (75%). The above‐mentioned mixtures of polyols and intensive sweeteners are used in the production of sugar‐free wheat‐flour cookies characterized by chemical composition, antioxidative properties, and starch digestibility. The study observed that the chemical composition, starch digestibility, and total reducing activity of sugar‐free cookies are affected to a statistically significant extent (p < 0.05) by different blends of polyols with intensive sweeteners and that they underwent certain changes upon the storage process.
Residual strength of concrete subjected to fatigue based on machine learning technique
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lee Deuckhang , Lee Jaemin , Lee Changjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study utilizes the machine learning technique to solve the complex fatigue problem of concrete materials. To this end, several learning algorithms were addressed including the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) models. Extensive experimental data were collected from literature to train the machine learning models for estimating the maximum number of cycles at failure (i.e., the so‐called fatigue life). A machine learning model providing the best correlation was chosen through verifications. On this basis, a strength degradation model of concrete under fatigue loading was finally proposed to evaluate the residual strength of concrete after fatigue damage, which is a key factor in determining the remaining service life of concrete structures.
Concrete plasticity—A historical perspective
Authors: Braestrup Mikael W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper reviews the development of limit analysis, from Galileo through Coulomb to the Mathematical Theory of Plasticity formulated by Hill and Hodge, Prager and Drucker, and independently by Gvozdev. The application to structural concrete slabs was pioneered by Johansen and Gvozdev and extended to walls (membranes), beam shear, and punching shear by Nielsen and the Copenhagen Shear Group. Simultaneous and subsequent advances were—and are—made by research groups in a.o. Zurich, Cambridge, Toronto, Houston, and Lausanne. The concept of yield lines, essential for the development of solutions, is introduced, and the distinction from the conventional notion of cracks is discussed. An overview of applications is given, focusing on slab flexure, in‐plane and beam shear, and punching shear.
Genetic control and allele variation among soybean maturity groups 000 through IX
Authors: Zimmer Gustavo , Miller Mark J. , Steketee Clinton J. , Jackson Scott A. , de Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga , Li Zenglu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.] maturity determines the growing region of a given soybean variety and is a primary factor in yield and other agronomic traits. The objectives of this research were to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with maturity groups (MGs) and determine the genetic control of soybean maturity in each MG. Using data from 16,879 soybean accessions, genome‐wide association (GWA) analyses were conducted for each paired MG and across MGs 000 through IX. Genome‐wide association analyses were also performed using 184 genotypes (MGs V–IX) with days to flowering (DTF) and maturity (DTM) collected in the field. A total of 58 QTL were identified to be significantly associated with MGs in individual GWAs, which included 12 reported maturity loci and two stem termination genes. Genome‐wide associations across MGs 000–IX detected a total of 103 QTL and confirmed 54 QTL identified in the individual GWAs. Of significant loci identified, qMG‐5.2 had effects on the highest number (9) of MGs, followed by E2, E3, Dt2, qMG‐15.5, E1, qMG‐13.1, qMG‐7.1, and qMG‐16.1, which affected five to seven MGs. A high number of genetic loci (8–25) that affected MGs 0–V were observed. Stem termination genes Dt1 and Dt2 mainly had significant allele variation in MGs II–V. Genome‐wide associations for DTF, DTM, and reproductive period (RP) in the diversity panel confirmed 15 QTL, of which seven were observed in MGs V–IX. The results generated can help soybean breeders manipulate the maturity loci for genetic improvement of soybean yield.
Experimental evaluation of genomic selection prediction for rust resistance in sugarcane
Authors: Islam Md S. , McCord Per H. , Olatoye Marcus O. , Qin Lifang , Sood Sushma , Lipka Alexander Edward , Todd James R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe total sugarcane (Saccharum L.) production has increased worldwide; however, the rate of growth is lower compared with other major crops, mainly due to a plateauing of genetic gain. Genomic selection (GS) has proven to substantially increase the rate of genetic gain in many crops. To investigate the utility of GS in future sugarcane breeding, a field trial was conducted using 432 sugarcane clones using an augmented design with two replications. Two major diseases in sugarcane, brown and orange rust (BR and OR), were screened artificially using whorl inoculation method in the field over two crop cycles. The genotypic data were generated through target enrichment sequencing technologies. After filtering, a set of 8,825 single nucleotide polymorphic markers were used to assess the prediction accuracy of multiple GS models. Using fivefold cross‐validation, we observed GS prediction accuracies for BR and OR that ranged from 0.28 to 0.43 and 0.13 to 0.29, respectively, across two crop cycles and combined cycles. The prediction ability further improved by including a known major gene for resistance to BR as a fixed effect in the GS model. It also substantially reduced the minimum number of markers and training population size required for GS. The nonparametric GS models outperformed the parametric GS suggesting that nonadditive genetic effects could contribute genomic sources underlying BR and OR. This study demonstrated that GS could potentially predict the genomic estimated breeding value for selecting the desired germplasm for sugarcane breeding for disease resistance.
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni diversity by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) from an animal farm
Authors: Yeh Hung‐Yueh , Awad Amal , Rothrock Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illness worldwide. Because of genetic diversity and sophisticated growth requirements of C. jejuni, several genotyping methods have been investigated to classify this bacterium during the outbreaks. One of such method is to use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to explore the diversity of C. jejuni isolates with CRISPR from an animal farm.MethodsSeventy‐seven C. jejuni isolates from an animal farm were used in this study. The day‐old broilers were reared with other poultry and farm animals, including layer hens, guinea hens, dairy goats and sheep. A small swine herd was also present on an adjacent, but separate plot of land. Isolation and identification of C. jejuni were performed according to the standard procedures. The CRISPR type 1 was PCR amplified from genomic DNA, and the amplicons were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy method. The direct repeats (DRs) and spacers of the CRISPR sequences were identified using the CRISPRFinder.ResultsThe CRISPR sequences were detected in all 77 isolates. One type of DRs was identified in these 77 isolates. The lengths of the CRISPR locus ranged from 100 to 560 nucleotides, whereas the number of spacers ranged from one to eight. The distributions of the numbers of CRISPR spacers from different sources seemed to be random. Overall, 17 out of 77 (22%) C. jejuni isolates had two and five spacers, whereas 14 out of 77 (18%) isolates had three spaces in their genomes. By further analysis of spacer sequences, a total of 266 spacer sequences were identified in 77 C. jejuni isolates. By comparison with known published spacer sequences, we observed that 49 sequences were unique in this study. The CRISPR sequence combination of Nos. 16, 19, 48 and 57 was found among a total of 15 C. jejuni isolates containing various multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) types (ST‐50, ST‐607, ST‐2231 and ST‐5602). No. 57 spacer sequence was unique from this study, whereas the other three (Nos. 16, 19 and 48) sequences were found in previous reports. Combination of Nos. 5, 9, 15, 30 and 45 was associated with ST‐353. To compare the CRISPR genotyping with other methods, the MLST was selected due to its high discriminatory power to differentiate isolates. Based on calculation of the Simpson's index of diversity, a combination of both methods had higher Simpson's index value than those for CRISPR or MLST, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the MLST from C. jejuni isolates can be discriminated based on the CRISPR unique spacer sequences and the numbers of spacers. In the future, investigation on the CRISPR resolution for C. jejuni identification in outbreaks is needed. A database that integrates both MLST sequences and CRISPR sequences and is searchable is greatly in demand for tracking outbreaks and evolution of this bacterium.
Molecular identification of Babesia canis canis genotype A in a dog from Iran
Authors: Ghasemzade Milad , Esmaeilnejad Bijan , Asri‐Rezaei Siamak , Hadian Mojtaba 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCanine babesiosis is a common and clinically significant tick‐borne disease caused by obligate haematozoan parasites of the genus Babesia.PurposeTo report Babesia canis canis genotype A infection in a dog.MethodsA 2‐year‐old female Shih Tzu dog was submitted with the history of anorexia and depression for one week and no prior surgery. Fever, anorexia, depression and vomiting as well as mucosal pallor were noticed on physical examination. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa‐stained blood smear disclosed large form of Babesia, and single to four pear‐shaped merozoites within erythrocytes (RBCs). The specific primers were used for detecting Babesia canis.ResultsThe result of PCR was confirmed by 18S rRNA gene sequence analyzing and has been registered in GenBank under
following accession numbers for Babesia canis canis (MW199108). The sequences were compared to those in GenBank, and
alignments showed that the B. canis canis isolate belonged to genotype A.ConclusionsThis is the first description of B. canis canis genotype A in dog from Iran.
Two Hitherto Unknown Lithium Holmium(III) Ortho‐Thiophosphates(V): Li9Ho2[PS4]5 and Li15Ho7[PS4]12
Authors: Lange Pia L. , Komm Theresa , Schleid Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe two hitherto unknown lithium holmium(III) ortho‐thiophosphates(V) Li9Ho2[PS4]5 and Li15Ho7[PS4]12 crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the lattice parameters a=1489.43(9) pm, b=979.84(6) pm, c=2051.68(12) pm, β=96.221(3)° for Li9Ho2[PS4]5 (Z=4) and a=2826.73(16) pm, b=1003.25(6) pm, c=3361.46(19) pm, β=113.992(3)° for Li15Ho7[PS4]12 (Z=5). While Li9Ho2[PS4]5 extends the Li9RE2[PS4]5 series, Li15Ho7[PS4]12 can be regarded as a cation‐distribution variant of the Li6RE3[PS4]5 series (Z=12). Both structures feature characteristic [HoS8]13− polyhedra (d(Ho3+−S2−)=275–314 pm) and [PS4]3− tetrahedra (d(P5+−S2−)=202–207 pm), but Li15Ho7[PS4]12 exhibits one Ho3+ position, which is mixed occupied with Li+ and settles with C.N.=6+2. The coordination numbers of all other Li+ cations range from four to six in both new compounds with Li+−S2− distances from 238 to 317 pm.
Convergent finite element based discretization of a stochastic two‐phase flow model
Authors: Deugoué G. , Moghomye B. Jidjou , Tachim Medjo T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a fully discrete finite element based discretization for the numerical approximation of the stochastic Allen‐Cahn‐Navier‐Stokes system on a bounded polygonal domain of , . We prove that the proposed numerical scheme is unconditionally solvable, has finite energies and constructs weak martingale solutions of the stochastic Allen‐Cahn‐Navier‐Stokes system when the discretisation step (both in time and in space) tends to zero.
Microbial Community Decision Making Models in Batch and Chemostat Cultures
Authors: Theorell Axel , Stelling Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobial community simulations using genome scale metabolic networks (GSMs) are relevant for many application areas, such as the analysis of the human microbiome. Such simulations rely on assumptions about the culturing environment, affecting if the culture may reach a metabolically stationary state with constant microbial concentrations. They also require assumptions on decision making by the microbes: metabolic strategies can be in the interest of individual community members or of the whole community. However, the impact of such common assumptions on community simulation results has not been investigated systematically. Here, we investigate four combinations of assumptions, elucidate how they are applied in literature, provide novel mathematical formulations for their simulation, and show how the resulting predictions differ qualitatively. Crucially, our results stress that different assumption combinations give qualitatively different predictions on microbial coexistence by differential substrate utilization. This fundamental mechanism is critically under explored in the steady state GSM literature with its strong focus on coexistence states due to crossfeeding (division of labor).
Testing freeze-in with axial and vector Z′ bosons
Authors: Cosme Catarina , Dutra Maíra , Godfrey Stephen , Gray Taylor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter in the early universe is an appealing alternative to the well-known — and constrained — Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) paradigm. Although challenging, the phenomenology of FIMP dark matter has been receiving growing attention and is possible in a few scenarios. In this work, we contribute to this endeavor by considering a Z′ portal to fermionic dark matter, with the Z′ having both vector and axial couplings and a mass ranging from MeV up to PeV. We evaluate the bounds on both freeze-in and freeze-out from direct detection, atomic parity violation, leptonic anomalous magnetic moments, neutrino-electron scattering, collider, and beam dump experiments. We show that FIMPs can already be tested by most of these experiments in a complementary way, whereas WIMPs are especially viable in the Z′ low mass regime, in addition to the Z′ resonance region. We also discuss the role of the axial couplings of Z′ in our results. We therefore hope to motivate specific realizations of this model in the context of FIMPs, as well as searches for these elusive dark matter candidates.
Dark confinement-deconfinement phase transition: a roadmap from Polyakov loop models to gravitational waves
Authors: Kang Zhaofeng , Zhu Jiang , Matsuzaki Shinya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We explore the confinement-deconfinement phase transition (PT) of the first order (FO) arising in SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory, based on Polyakov loop models (PLMs), in light of the induced gravitational wave (GW) spectra. We demonstrate that the PLMs with the Haar measure term, involving models successful in QCD with N = 3, are potentially incompatible with the large N scaling for the thermodynamic quantities and the latent heat at around the criticality of the FOPT reported from the lattice simulations. We then propose a couple of models of polynomial form, which we call the 4-6 PLM (with four- and six-point interactions among the basic PL fields which have center charge 1) and 4-8 PLM (with four- and eight-point interactions), and discuss how such models can naturally arise in the presence of a heavy PL with charge 2. We show that those models give the consistent thermodynamic and large N properties at around the criticality. The predicted GW spectra are shown to have high enough sensitivity to be probed in the future prospected interferometers such as BBO and DECIGO.
Quark-hadron duality for heavy meson mixings in the ’t Hooft model
Authors: Umeeda Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study local quark-hadron duality and its violation for the $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

, $$ {B}_d^0-{\overline{B}}_d^0 $$

B
d
0

−

B
¯

d
0

and $$ {B}_s^0-{\overline{B}}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

−

B
¯

s
0

mixings in the ’t Hooft model, offering a laboratory to test QCD in two-dimensional spacetime together with the large-Nc limit. With the ’t Hooft equation being numerically solved, the width difference is calculated as an exclusive sum over two-body decays. The obtained rate is compared to inclusive one that arises from four-quark operators to check the validity of the heavy quark expansion (HQE). In view of the observation in four-dimensions that the HQE prediction for the width difference in the $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

mixing is four orders of magnitude smaller than the experimental data, in this work we investigate duality violation in the presence of the GIM mechanism. We show that the order of magnitude of the observable in the $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

mixing is enhanced in the exclusive analysis relative to the inclusive counterpart, when the 4D-like phase space function is used for the inclusive analysis. By contrast, it is shown that for the $$ {B}_d^0-{\overline{B}}_d^0 $$

B
d
0

−

B
¯

d
0

and $$ {B}_s^0-{\overline{B}}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

−

B
¯

s
0

mixings, small yet non-negligible corrections to the inclusive result emerge, which are still consistent with what is currently indicated in four-dimensions.