bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bioequivalence of fixed‐dose combination tablets of bisoprolol and ramipril and its drug‐drug interaction potential
Authors: Sus Jan , Huguet Jade , Bosak Jan , Setnik Beatrice , Hauser Tomas , Sicard Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic antihypertensive treatment often includes combination of two or more therapies with complementary mechanism of action targeting different blood pressure (BP) control system. If available, these components are recommended to be administered as a fixed‐dose combination (FDC) to reduce tablet burden, improve adherence and thus BP control. A combination of ramipril (RAMI) and bisoprolol (BISO) is one of the options used in clinical practice and is supported by therapeutic guidelines. The clinical program for a novel BISO/RAMI FDC consisted of two randomized, open‐label, bioequivalence (BE) studies and one drug‐drug interaction (DDI) study. The BE was examined between two FDC strengths of BISO/RAMI (10/10 and 10/5 mg) and the individual reference products administered concomitantly at respective doses after a single oral dose under fasting conditions. In both BE studies, 64 healthy subjects were randomized according to a two‐way crossover design. The DDI study evaluated a potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between BISO 10 mg and RAMI 10 mg following their single or concomitant administrations in 30 healthy subjects under fasting condition. BE for BISO/RAMI 10/5 mg and absence of a clinically relevant PK DDI between BISO and RAMI was demonstrated as the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) remained within the acceptance range of 80.00 to 125.00%. However, BE for BISO/RAMI 10/10 mg was not demonstrated, as the lower bound of the 90% CI of Cmax for RAMI was outside the acceptance range of BE. Both drugs administered alone or combined were well‐tolerated. No PK interaction was observed between BISO and RAMI/ramiprilat, since the co‐administration of BISO and RAMI 10 mg single doses resulted in comparable rate and extent of absorption for BISO and RAMI when compared to their individual products.
Particle size primarily shifts chemical composition of organic matter under long‐term fertilization in paddy soil
Authors: Yan Mingrui , Zhang Xiuzhi , Liu Kailou , Lou Yilai , Wang Yidong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe chemistry of soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for soil functions. However, the chemical composition and oxidation state of physical SOM fractions under long‐term mineral and organic amendments in paddy soils are still unclear. Here, we investigated this issue using three particle size classes of SOM sampled from five long‐term (37‐years) fertilisation regimes in a subtropical paddy soil which were analysed using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). Coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM, >250 μm), fine particulate organic matter (fPOM, 53–250 μm) and mineral‐associated organic matter (MOM, <53 μm) were isolated. The five fertilisation regimes were (1) unfertilised (control), (2) nitrogen (N, urea), (3) nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (NPK, urea + Ca(H2PO4)2 + KCl), (4) NPK + straw (NPKS) and (5) NPK + Astragalus sinicus L. + pig manure (NPKM). After 37‐years, the SOM content of the control, N, NPK, NPKS and NPKM treatments had increased by 16.3%, 12.3%, 31.6%, 41.7% and 59.8% compared with the initial level, respectively. The pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN), as well as the C/N ratio in the soil matrix, were localised by particle size, with the majority in the mineral‐associated organic matter (MOM). Particle size, not fertilisation regime, primarily associated with shifts in the chemical composition of SOM, with selective preservation of lignin and polysaccharides in the particulate organic matter (POM) and enrichments of lipids and N‐containing compounds in the MOM. The origin (plant‐ and microbial‐derived) and oxidation state of SOM were also regulated by particle size (especially the coarse particles) but not fertilisation treatment. Despite long‐term persistence, the MOM had a lower C oxidation state (implying higher vulnerability to microbial utilisation) than the coarse POM (cPOM) and fine POM (fPOM). In conclusion, fertilisation regime regulated the bulk SOM (SOC and TN) pool, whereas physical particle size generated a divergence trend in the chemical composition and oxidation state of SOM in the subropical paddy soil, indicating the greater role of physical arrangement in SOM chemistry than the quality of amendments.Highlights
Particle size, not fertilisation regime, regulated chemical composition and oxidation state of SOM.
POM is enriched in lignin and polysaccharides while MOM is enriched in lipids and N‐containing compounds.
Physical arrangement plays a greater role in SOM chemistry than the quality of amendments.
Locked‐Down Love: A Study of Intimate Relationships Before and After the COVID Lockdown
Authors: Ahuja Kanika K. , Khurana Dhairya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess love and relationship satisfaction among dating and married participants pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 lockdown in India.BackgroundExtant literature demonstrates the impact of stressors like terror attacks and natural disasters on intimate relations. Yet little is known about how a significant stressor like the COVID‐19 lockdown will impact love among married and dating couples.MethodData from a convenience sample of 100 participants (65 dating, 35 married) was collected in two waves, first in January–March and then in May after the lockdown. Participants completed an online survey with measures of love, relationship satisfaction, self‐esteem, and how they spent time with their partner. Paired sample t test, correlation analysis, and thematic analysis were used.ResultsFor both dating and married participants, scores on relationship satisfaction, love, intimacy and passion were significantly lower post‐lockdown compared with the pre‐lockdown period. Commitment for those dating remained unaffected. Watching movies together and revisiting old memories was related to love for those dating, whereas for married couples, doing household chores, cooking, and watching movies together was associated with love.ConclusionPassion and intimacy in relationships changed after the COVID‐19 lockdown. How couples spent time with each other during the lockdown holds important implications for relationship satisfaction.ImplicationsPractitioners who work with couples must focus on ways in which couples spend quality time with each other. Norms that define a relationship, particularly with regard to participation in domestic work by men, must be revisited to adapt to the new normal.
Effects of a curcumin nanoemulsion on the physico‐chemical properties of chitosan‐based films
Authors: Luangapai Fakfan , Peanparkdee Methavee , Iwamoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryChitosan (CH)‐based films were incorporated with a curcumin nanoemulsion (CurNE) to overcome their limitations, such as low mechanical strength and high‐water vapour permeability (WVP). The obtained optimum conditions of NE were, as follows: oil to aqueous phase ratio = 1:9 and ultrasonication time = 15 min, given that the smallest mean diameter and the highest absolute value of the zeta potential were 307.53 ± 6.30 nm and −15.43 ± 0.74 mV. Thereafter, NE was encapsulated in CH(CH–NE) to determine the functional amelioration, as well as the alteration in the inner structure. CH–NE demonstrated the successful fabrication of uniform and compatible films, which reinforced elongation and significantly decreased the WVP. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CH–NE was five times higher than that of CH. The thermal and electrical properties were evaluated to elucidate the alterations in the inner structure alterations. Further, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of CH–NE shifted by ˜10 °C and the relaxation time (τ) of the electric modulus increased compared with that of CH, indicating that the incorporation of NE affected the structural alterations.
Characteristics of paediatric weight management in the United States: Associations with program retention and BMI outcomes in the paediatric obesity weight evaluation registry (POWER)
Authors: Tucker Jared M. , Stratbucker William , King Eileen C. , Cuda Suzanne , Negrete Sylvia , Sweeney Brooke , Kumar Seema , Borzutzky Claudia , Binns Helen J. , Kirk Shelley ,   The POWER Work Group
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo describe characteristics of paediatric weight management (PWM) programs across the United States and evaluate associations with program‐specific retention rates and body mass index (BMI) outcomes at 6 months.MethodsA program profile survey was administered to 33 programs within the Paediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER) to assess program staffing, services, and treatment format. Patient retention and percent of the 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) changes were assessed for each program.ResultsAt 6 months program retention rates ranged from 15% to 74% (median: 41%), and program %BMIp95 changes ranged from −9.0 to +0.5 percentage points (median: −1.7). Percent of patients with ≥5 percentage‐point decrease in %BMIp95 ranged from 17% to 71% across programs (median: 29%). No associations were detected between program characteristics and retention or %BMIp95 changes.ConclusionsSix‐month patient retention and BMI outcomes vary substantially in PWM programs across the United States. Yet, no associations were found between PWM treatment factors and these program‐level patient outcomes.
Associations of sleep with food cravings and loss‐of‐control eating in youth: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Parker Megan N. , LeMay‐Russell Sarah , Schvey Natasha A. , Crosby Ross D. , Ramirez Eliana , Kelly Nichole R. , Shank Lisa M. , Byrne Meghan E. , Engel Scott G. , Swanson Taylor N. , Djan Kweku G. , Kwarteng Esther A. , Faulkner Loie M. , Zenno Anna , Brady Sheila M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundInconsistent sleep patterns may promote excess weight gain by increasing food cravings and loss‐of‐control (LOC)‐eating; however, these relationships have not been elucidated in youth.ObjectiveWe tested whether sleep duration and timing were associated with food cravings and LOC‐eating.MethodFor 14 days, youths wore actigraphy monitors to assess sleep and reported severity of food cravings and LOC‐eating using ecological momentary assessment. Generalized linear mixed models tested the associations between weekly and nightly shifts in facets of sleep (i.e., duration, onset, midpoint, and waketime) and next‐day food cravings and LOC‐eating. Models were re‐run adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, sex, adiposity).ResultsAmong 48 youths (12.88 ± 2.69 years, 68.8% female, 33.3% with overweight/obesity), neither weekly nor nightly facets of sleep were significantly associated with food cravings (ps = 0.08–0.93). Youths with shorter weekly sleep duration (est. ß = −0.31, p = 0.004), earlier weekly midpoints (est. ß = −0.47, p = 0.010) and later weekly waketimes (est. ß = 0.49, p = 0.010) reported greater LOC‐eating severity; findings persisted in adjusted models.ConclusionsIn youth, weekly, but not nightly, shifts in multiple facets of sleep were associated with LOC‐eating severity; associations were not significant for food cravings. Sleep should be assessed as a potentially modifiable target in paediatric LOC‐eating and obesity prevention programs.
Patterns and rates of confirmed transfer of care of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre
Authors: Tan Joachim , Tiller Georgina , Gowdie Peter , Cox Angela , Munro Jane , Allen Roger , Akikusa Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) commonly persists into adulthood. Transfer of JIA patients to adult healthcare services can be challenging, with prior studies showing poor rates of success.AimsThis audit sought to examine characteristics of patients undergoing transfer of care within the rheumatology unit at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement. Specifically, we sought to determine the rate at which confirmation of established care with an adult service (confirmed transfer of care) was documented in the patient chart.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of JIA who turned 18 years of age between 2012 and 2019 were identified. A chart review was undertaken to collect relevant data.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐seven patients were identified. In all, 64% (114/177) were referred for adult care. The commonest JIA subtypes referred were seronegative polyarticular (35/114; 30.7%) and oligoarticular JIA (22/114; 19.3%). Documentation of confirmed transfer of care occurred in 62.3% (71/114), with correspondence received from adult services in 49.1% (56/114). There was no difference in rate of return correspondence from public versus private providers (45% vs 53.8%; P = 0.38). The use of ‘backstop appointments’ was more likely in those with confirmed transfer of care (66% vs 30%; P = 0.0002).ConclusionsLack of confirmed transfer of care for JIA patients is common and carries a risk of suboptimal outcomes. Strategies to improve communication with adult services, the routine use of ‘backstop’ appointments and vigilance regarding potential loss to follow up at the time of transfer would minimise this risk.
An efficient far‐red emission Sr2InSbO6:Mn4+, M (M = Li+, Na+, and K+) phosphors for plant cultivation LEDs
Authors: Xie Yan , Geng Xue , Wang Yuan , Guo Jiang , Lu Yuhui , Lv Qiuyi , Ma Zhijiang , zhang Dan , Zhao Jin , Deng Bin , Yu Ruijin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐efficiency and far‐red light phosphors based on Mn4+‐doped inorganic luminescence materials are beneficial to plant cultivation. However, Mn4+‐doped oxide phosphors have a common problem of low quantum efficiency. Alkali metal ion codoping can effectively improve the luminescence properties of Mn4+‐activated oxide phosphors. Herein, a series of Sr2InSbO6:Mn4+, M (SISO:Mn4+, M) (M = Li+, Na+, and K+) far‐red‐emitting phosphors codoped alkali metal ions were first synthesized. Density functional theory calculation indicated that SISO is a kind of indirect bandgap material with a bandgap of ∼1.60 eV. The SISO:Mn4+ samples showed a far‐red light at 698 nm upon 365 nm, which perfectly matched the absorption spectrum of the far‐red‐phytochrome (Pfr) of plants. The doping concentration of the SISO:Mn4+ samples was optimized to be 0.006 mol. The concentration quenching mechanism was defined as dipole–dipole interaction by combining the Dexter theory and the Inokuti–Hirayama model. Optimizing the sintering temperature and codoped with alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) could improve the luminescent intensity of SISO:Mn4+. The optimum sintering temperature was 1300°C. The internal quantum efficiencies of SISO:0.006Mn4+ and SISO:0.006Mn4+, 0.006Li+ phosphors are 22.67% and 60.56%, respectively. SISO:Mn4+, Li+ phosphors‐based plant growth light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) demonstrate excellent optical stability and long lifetime. Thus, these phosphors are promising candidates for plant cultivation LEDs.
Capital Allocation and Corporate Strategy: An Examination of the Oil & Gas Majors
Authors: Inkpen Andrew , Moffett Michael H. , Ramaswamy Kannan 
Published: September 2021

The authors present the findings of their study of the capital spending and cash distributions of the five largest publicly traded integrated oil and gas companies (ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Shell, and Total) over the past two decades. Deploying capital in the execution of strategy and achieving the proper balance between reinvesting in the business and returning capital to shareholders is particularly challenging in one of the world's most capital intensive industries. The practices of the five companies differed markedly despite similarities in business lines and international operations.The study explores the different periods of industry growth and performance between 1998 and 2018, when the industry went through an extended period of stable growth (1998‐2008), followed by an extended period of stagnant growth in reserves and production despite extensive spending on capital expenditures. A key finding is that despite spending more than $1.8 trillion over the 20‐year period, the five supermajors were unable to expand production. The authors found that what little growth did occur was the result of acquisitions.Capital allocation decisions by the five majors differed markedly in their cash returns to shareholders. Although all five firms maintained their commitments to shareholder dividends, ExxonMobil deployed massive and continued allocations of capital to share repurchases. Both dividends and share repurchases had mixed results in supporting corporate share prices.The authors attribute the difficulty the majors had in generating profitable growth partly to the inherent challenges of a depleting industry and partly to the selection of capital investments—their timing and cycle length. The historical experience of the majors in dealing with large oil price cycles drove all five to maintain capital expenditures in the post‐2008 financial crisis period. Only when oil prices plunged in 2014 did the majors conclude that the decline was a transformative shift requiring a reconsideration of capital allocation and capital expenditures. The study notes that acquisitions, particularly ExxonMobil's acquisition of XTO, depressed market values despite some of the highest share repurchasing levels across U.S. industry.
Oestradiol promotes the intrahepatic bile duct development of C57BL/6CrSlc mice during embryonic period via Notch signalling pathway
Authors: Dong Chen , Zhang Ben‐ping , Ying Yan‐Qin , Hou Ling , Wu Wei , Wei Hong , Luo Xiao‐ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOestradiol (E2) is a critical factor for multiple systems' development during the embryonic period. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of oestradiol on intrahepatic bile duct development, which may allow a better understanding of congenital bile duct dysplasia. DLK+ hepatoblasts were extracted from the C57BL/6CrSlc foetal mice and randomly divided into control group, oestradiol groups (1, 10, 100 nM) and oestradiol (10 nM) + DAPT (inhibitor of Notch signalling; 40 µM) group for in vitro experiments. For in vivo analysis, pregnant mice were divided into control group, oestradiol (intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg/day) ± DAPT (subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg/day) groups and tamoxifen (gavage administration of 0.4 mg/kg/day) group. The results showed that oestradiol promoted hepatoblast differentiation into cholangiocytes and intrahepatic bile duct development during the embryonic period. Tamoxifen, an antioestrogenic drug, inhibited the above processes. Moreover, oestradiol promoted the expression of Notch signalling pathway‐associated proteins and genes both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, DAPT addition inhibited the oestradiol‐mediated effects. In conclusion, oestradiol can promote hepatoblast differentiation into cholangiocytes and intrahepatic bile duct development of C57BL/6CrSlc mice during embryonic period via the Notch signalling pathway.
Attention to online sales: The role of brand image concerns
Authors: Dertwinkel‐Kalt Markus , Köster Mats 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe provide a novel intuition for why manufacturers restrict their retailers' ability to resell brand products online. Our approach builds on models of salience‐driven attention according to which price disparities across distribution channels guide a consumer's attention toward prices and lower her appreciation for quality. Absent vertical restraints, therefore, one of two salience distortions—a quality or a participation distortion—can arise in equilibrium. We show that, by ruling out both distortions, vertical restraints on online sales can be socially desirable but can also hurt consumers through higher retail prices. We thereby identify a novel trade‐off between efficiency and consumer surplus.
Genetic diversification of the Kanehira bitterling Acheilognathus rhombeus inferred from mitochondrial DNA, with comments on the phylogenetic relationship with its sister species Acheilognathus barbatulus
Authors: Miyake Takuya , Nakajima Jun , Umemura Keitaro , Onikura Norio , Ueda Takayoshi , Smith Carl , Kawamura Kouichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Kanehira bitterling, Acheilognathus rhombeus, is a freshwater fish, discontinuously distributed in western Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Unusually among bitterling it is an autumn‐spawning species and shows developmental diapause. Consequently, the characterization of its evolutionary history is significant not only in the context of the fish assemblage of East Asia, but also for understanding life‐history evolution. This study aimed to investigate the phylogeography of A. rhombeus and its sister species Acheilognathus barbatulus, distributed in China, using a mitochondrial analysis of the ND1 gene from 311 samples collected from 50 localities in Japan and continental Asia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. barbatulus is included in A. rhombeus and genetically closer to Japanese A. rhombeus than to Korean A. rhombeus. Divergence of Korean A. rhombeus and A. barbatulus from Japanese A. rhombeus was estimated to be from the late Pliocene (3.44 Mya) and the early Pleistocene (1.98 Mya), respectively. Each event closely coincided with the time of the Japan Sea opening. Japanese A. rhombeus comprised seven lineages: three in Honshu and four in Kyushu. One lineage in central Kyushu was genetically closer to the Honshu lineages than to other lineages in northern Kyushu. Divergence of Japanese lineages was estimated to be from the early to middle Pleistocene (0.55–0.93 Mya), during a period of geological and paleoclimatic change, including volcanic activity. Population expansion in the late Pleistocene (<0.10 Ma) was suggested in many of the lineages, which accords with other freshwater fishes. Biogeographically the ancestral A. rhombeus/A. barbatulus was likely to have repeatedly colonized Japan from the continent through land bridges in the late Pliocene and the early Pleistocene. However, the close genetic relationship between Japanese A. rhombeus and A. barbatulus suggests another possibility, with the second colonization occurring in reverse, from Japan to China. The small genetic distance between them indicates that the colonization occurred later than colonization events of other freshwater fishes, including other bitterling species.