bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiologists can visually predict mortality risk based on the gestalt of chest radiographs comparable to a deep learning network
Authors: Weiss Jakob , Taron Jana , Jin Zexi , Mayrhofer Thomas , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Lu Michael T. , Hoffmann Udo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) can predict mortality from chest radiographs, yet, it is unknown whether radiologists can perform the same task. Here, we investigate whether radiologists can visually assess image gestalt (defined as deviation from an unremarkable chest radiograph associated with the likelihood of 6-year mortality) of a chest radiograph to predict 6-year mortality. The assessment was validated in an independent testing dataset and compared to the performance of a CNN developed for mortality prediction. Results are reported for the testing dataset only (n = 100; age 62.5 ± 5.2; male 55%, event rate 50%). The probability of 6-year mortality based on image gestalt had high accuracy (AUC: 0.68 (95% CI 0.58–0.78), similar to that of the CNN (AUC: 0.67 (95% CI 0.57–0.77); p = 0.90). Patients with high/very high image gestalt ratings were significantly more likely to die when compared to those rated as very low (p ≤ 0.04). Assignment to risk categories was not explained by patient characteristics or traditional risk factors and imaging findings (p ≥ 0.2). In conclusion, assessing image gestalt on chest radiographs by radiologists renders high prognostic accuracy for the probability of mortality, similar to that of a specifically trained CNN. Further studies are warranted to confirm this concept and to determine potential clinical benefits.
Critical timing of ACEi initiation prevents compensatory glomerular hypertrophy in the remaining single kidney
Authors: Naik Abhijit S. , Wang Su Q. , Chowdhury Mahboob , Aqeel Jawad , O’Connor Christopher L. , Wiggins Jocelyn E. , Bitzer Markus , Wiggins Roger C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that single in kidney states (e.g., kidney transplantation and living donation) progressive glomerulosclerosis limits kidney lifespan. Modeling shows that post-nephrectomy compensatory glomerular volume (GV) increase drives podocyte depletion and hypertrophic stress resulting in proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, implying that GV increase could serve as a therapeutic target to prevent progression. In this report we examine how Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibition (ACEi), started before uninephrectomy can reduce compensatory GV increase in wild-type Fischer344 rats. An unbiased computer-assisted method was used for morphometric analysis. Urine Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the major diver of body and kidney growth, was used as a readout. In long-term (40-week) studies of uni-nephrectomized versus sham-nephrectomized rats a 2.2-fold increase in GV was associated with reduced podocyte density, increased proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Compensatory GV increase was largely prevented by ACEi started a week before but not after uni-nephrectomy with no measurable impact on long-term eGFR. Similarly, in short-term (14-day) studies, ACEi started a week before uni-nephrectomy reduced both GV increase and urine IGF-1 excretion. Thus, timing of ACEi in relation to uni-nephrectomy had significant impact on post-nephrectomy “compensatory” glomerular growth and outcomes that could potentially be used to improve kidney transplantation and live kidney donation outcomes.
Interferon-inducible protein, IFIX, has tumor-suppressive effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shan , Li Fang , Fan Haixia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIFIX, a newly discovered member of the interferon-inducible HIN-200 family, has been identified as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer; however, the involvement of IFIX in oral cancer are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between the level of IFIX expression and the invasive or migratory abilities of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Higher IFIX expression significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters such as the histopathological grade of clinical samples. In vitro, IFIX overexpression suppressed the invasiveness of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells, and this inhibitory effect was mediated by stabilization of the cytoskeleton through various cytokeratins along with downregulation of paxillin, an intracellular adaptor protein that promotes tumor invasion. This inhibitory effect does not appear to affect the transformation of cancer stem-like cells in this cell culture model. Altogether, these data provide novel insights into the tumor-suppressive function of IFIX, namely, stabilization of the cancer cell cytoskeleton.
Revealing the influence of steric bulk on the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion performance of conjugated polymers
Authors: O’shea Riley , Kendrick William J. , Gao Can , Owyong Tze Cin , White Jonathan M. , Ghiggino Kenneth P. , Wong Wallace W. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of poly(phenylene-vinylene)-based copolymers are synthesized using the Gilch method incorporating monomers with sterically bulky sidechains. The photochemical upconversion performance of these polymers as emitters are investigated using a palladium tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin triplet sensitizer and MEH-PPV as reference. Increased incorporation of sterically bulky monomers leads to a reduction in the upconversion efficiency despite improved photoluminescence quantum yield. A phosphorescence quenching study indicates issues with the energy transfer process between the triplet sensitizer and the copolymers. The best performance with 0.18% upconversion quantum yield is obtained for the copolymer containing 10% monomer with bulky sidechains.
Exome-wide association study of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: König Eva , Nicoletti Alessandra , Pattaro Cristian , Annesi Grazia , Melotti Roberto , Gialluisi Alessandro , Schwienbacher Christine , Picard Anne , Blankenburg Hagen , Pichler Irene , Modugno Nicola , Ciullo Marina , Esposito Teresa , Domingues Francisco S. , Hicks Andrew A. , Zappia Mario , Pramstaller Peter P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLevodopa is the standard long-term dopamine replacement therapy to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. With time, levodopa may induce debilitating dyskinesias (LID), the treatment of which represents a large clinically unmet need. However, time-to-LID onset varies between patients, reflecting a possible genetic component. We performed an hypothesis-free whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based screening of time-to-LID onset and attempted replication of previously published candidate gene studies. A WES association analysis was carried out in 134 PD patients in a meta-analytical framework. Replication was attempted in an independent study of 97 PD patients. Variants from previously reported candidate genes (OPRM1, COMT, BDNF) were also specifically examined. We significantly replicated, for the first time, an association of variant rs1799971 in the OPRM1 gene with time-to-LID onset. Furthermore, we identified two novel potentially functional variants, in the MAD2L2 (rs2233019) and MAP7 (rs35350783) genes, which were significantly associated at the discovery stage. In the replication study, the two variants showed direction-consistent effects but did not achieve the replication significance threshold. Our study provides the first WES results for time-to-LID onset, where we replicate association at OPRM1, and suggest new variants in MAD2L2 and MAP7 genes that are significant in discovery, but require larger datasets for replication. The results are being made publicly available to allow for independent external validation.
Facilitative Language Techniques Used in the Home by Caregivers of Young Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Brock Aleah S. , Bass-Ringdahl Sandie M. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This research note reports preliminary data from an investigation of facilitative language techniques (FLTs) used in the natural environment by caregivers of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The investigation seeks to establish a new method to collect and analyze data on caregiver FLT use in the home.

Method
This pilot investigation included two children under the age of 36 months with moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Both children were consistent users of hearing devices and were pursing oral communication. Data were collected via the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system in the participants' homes. Thirty-six 5-min segments containing the highest adult word count were extracted from each participant's sample. Researchers coded segments for the presence or absence of 10 FLTs within 30-s intervals.

Results
The collection, coding, and analysis of caregiver FLTs using LENA was a feasible method to investigate caregiver linguistic input in the natural environment. Despite differences in age, sex, and hearing level, the distribution of caregiver FLTs was similar for both participants. Caregivers used high levels of narration, closed-ended questions, and directives throughout the day.

Conclusions
Results of this investigation provide information about the types of FLTs that are used in the home by caregivers of young children who are DHH. Furthermore, results indicate the feasibility of this method to investigate in-home use of caregiver FLTs.
Single‐phase grid‐fed variable frequency high‐efficiency induction motor drive for fan applications
Authors: Khan Khusro , Shukla Saurabh , Singh Bhim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work deals with a single‐phase grid‐fed fan type variable speed load profile system operated by a mechanical sensorless induction motor (IM) drive. A power factor corrected (PFC) boost converter is utilised for the development of the system. A full speed range of a fan with enhanced power quality during normal and abnormal grid voltage conditions is achieved by using this system. The system is simulated and analysed under variable speed and load conditions, during both the normal and weak grid, for a fan type load profile. To comply the IEEE‐519 standard at the utility grid, the power quality limits are achieved by developed control. Simulated results are validated with test results obtained on a developed prototype. The simulated and test results validate the suitability of the developed system at diverse operating conditions. The operational cost of the system is reduced by the use of a high‐efficiency IM and its efficiency is optimised. A combined approach of design of experiment (DOE) for reduction of variables and a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique with an objective function as the maximisation of efficiency is used to design and develop an IM with improved performance. Initially, parametric analysis of different variables of the IM is performed analytically to design the IM, design of experiment is used to reduce the number of variables, and different components of the motor are designed and optimised using PSO. Design simulations are performed using RMxprt analysis and finite element analysis is performed using Maxwell‐2D design software. The developed high‐efficiency motor is tested on a test setup in the laboratory and its tests are conducted as per the IEEE‐standard 112‐2017, with comparative analysis of a conventional motor of a 1.5 kW four‐pole, three‐phase squirrel cage IM, and simulated and experimental performances justify its suitability for grid‐fed fan applications.
Numerical simulation of surface charge inhibition performance on epoxy insulator under DC voltage by flexible coating strategy
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhao Huicun , Yuan Xiaochen , Wang Huan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpoxy insulator is affected by surface charge accumulation under a strong electric field, which causes a decrease in the surface flashover voltage, threatening the safe operation of power equipment. This study reports on a flexible coating strategy for the insulator to inhibit the charge accumulation through numerical simulation. The experiment was conducted initially to reveal the charge accumulation feature. Then, the flexible coating method was proposed, in which the insulator surface was divided into three parts, and surface coatings with various conductivities were painted on the designated areas to adjust the charge distribution. Finally, the efficiency of such a coating strategy was estimated considering the temperature gradient. The results presented that the homo‐charge was mostly deposited on the non‐planar area of the spacer. The maximum charge density first decreased and then increased with increasing surface conductivity. The charge accumulation could be restrained by increasing the surface conductivity of insulator effectively. A significant suppression was achieved by properly coating with high conductivity at the non‐planar region and with low conductivity at the planar region. The suppression performance of such a strategy became reduced as the temperature gradient increased. The results indicate that the flexible coating can balance charge deposition in the non‐planar region and restrain charge injection near the electrode, thereby inhibiting the charge accumulation.
Three‐dimensional Doppler‐associated radar imaging method based on bi‐directional data processing
Authors: Hayashi Takumi , Ando Takeru , Kidera Shouhei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a microwave or millimetre wave radar system, this study aims to achieve highly accurate Doppler velocity estimation and radar imaging that would be suitable for various remote‐sensing sensors, such as self‐driving, surveillance, or security applications. In particular, micro‐Doppler signatures are one of the most promising approaches for human recognition; however, the traditional limitations of both velocity and temporal resolution need to be addressed. The weighted kernel density (WKD) algorithm using super‐resolution Doppler velocity estimation has been one solution. Using WKD, this study incorporates the range points migration (RPM) method of radar imaging to enhance accuracy in both Doppler velocity and radar imaging using an iterative data selection scheme. Furthermore, to obtain more informative Doppler‐associated RPM‐based images using less data by exploiting a unique feature of WKD and RPM methods, this study introduces the image integration approach along the slow‐time profile. In this framework, bi‐directional data processing between Doppler velocity and imaging analysis is achieved. At each pulse hit sequence, both numerical and experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed method yields a more accurate Doppler‐associated radar image compared with the methods in previous studies.
W51 North: A protocluster emerging out of a thermally inhibited fragmenting cloud
Authors: Tang Mengyao , Palau Aina , Zapata Luis A. , Qin Sheng-Li 
Published: October 2021

Context. The fragmentation process in massive star-forming regions is one of the contemporary problems in astrophysics, and several physical processes have been proposed to control the fragmentation including turbulence, magnetic field, rotation, stellar feedback, and gravity. However, the fragmentation process has been poorly studied at small spatial scales well below 1000 AU.
Aims. W51 IRS2 is a well-known massive star-forming region whose fragmentation properties have not been thoroughly investigated yet. We aim to use the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) high angular resolution data to identify the fragments in W51 IRS2 and to study the fragmentation properties on a spatial scale of 0.04′′ (200 AU).
Methods. We used ALMA data of W51 IRS2 from three projects, which give an angular resolution of 0.028′′ (144 AU) at millimeter wavelengths. The continuum images reveal a significant substructure in an east-west ridge, where both W51 North and W51d2 are embedded. A spectral index map has been generated from the 3 and 1.3 mm high-resolution continuum images. We identified compact fragments by using uv-range constrained 1.3 mm continuum data. A mean surface density of companions (MSDC) analysis has been performed to study the separations between fragments.
Results. A total number of 33 continuum sources are identified and 29 out of them are defined as fragments in the surveyed region.The MSDC analysis reveals two breaks corresponding to spatial scales of 1845 and 7346 AU, indicative of a two-level clustering phenomenon, along with a linear regime below 1845 AU, mostly associated with W51 North, whose slope is consistent with the slope for the clustering regime of other cluster-like regions in the Galaxy.
Conclusions. The typical masses and separations of the fragments as well as the relation between the density and number of fragments can be explained through a thermal Jeans process operating at high temperatures of 200–400 K, consistent with previous measurements of the temperature in the region, and produced by the nearby massive stars. Therefore, although W51 IRS2 seems to be undergoing a thermally inhibited fragmentation phase, this does not seem to prevent the formation of a protocluster associated with W51 North.
Inspecting the Cepheid parallax of pulsation using Gaia EDR3 parallaxes
Authors: Trahin B. , Breuval L. , Kervella P. , Mérand A. , Nardetto N. , Gallenne A. , Hocdé V. , Gieren W. 
Published: October 2021

Context. As primary anchors of the distance scale, Cepheid stars play a crucial role in our understanding of the distance scale of the Universe because of their period-luminosity relation. Determining precise and consistent parameters (radius, temperature, color excess, and projection factor) of Cepheid pulsating stars is therefore very important.
Aims. With the high-precision parallaxes delivered by the early third Gaia data release (EDR3), we aim to derive various parameters of Cepheid stars in order to calibrate the period-luminosity and period-radius relations and to investigate the relation of period to p-factor.
Methods. We applied an implementation of the parallax-of-pulsation method through the algorithm called spectro-photo-interferometry of pulsating stars (SPIPS), which combines all types of available data for a variable star (multiband and multicolor photometry, radial velocity, effective temperature, and interferometry measurements) in a global modeling of its pulsation.
Results. We present the SPIPS modeling of a sample of 63 Galactic Cepheids. Adopting Gaia EDR3 parallaxes as an input associated with the best available dataset, we derive consistent values of parameters for these stars such as the radius, multiband apparent magnitudes, effective temperatures, color excesses, period changes, Fourier parameters, and the projection factor.
Conclusions. Using the best set of data and the most precise distances for Milky Way Cepheids, we derive new calibrations of the period-luminosity and period-radius relations: MKS = −5.529±0.015  −  3.141±0.050(log P  −  0.9) and log R = 1.763±0.003  +  0.653±0.012(log P  −  0.9). After investigating the dependences of the projection factor on the parameters of the stars, we find a high dispersion of its values and no evidence of its correlation with the period or with any other parameters such as radial velocity, temperature, or metallicity. Statistically, the p-factor has an average value of p = 1.26 ± 0.07, but with an unsatisfactory agreement (σ = 0.15). In absence of any clear correlation between the p-factor and other quantities, the best agreement is obtained under the assumption that the p-factor can take any value in a band with a width of 0.15. This result highlights the need for a further examination of the physics behind the p-factor.
A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Lippia sidoides on Dental Plaque and Periodontal Diseases
Authors: de Assis Ellen Lima , Silveira Felipe Dantas , da Ponte Alan Victor Araújo , Regis Rômulo Rocha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lippia sidoides is a typical shrub from Brazil that has been used in traditional medicine. This is a systematic review on the effect of L. sidoides for controlling dental plaque, gingivitis, and periodontitis. A database search through May 2021 in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, BVS, and Web of Science identified 711 reports of which 17 met our inclusion criteria. Five randomized controlled trials and three animal studies were included that compared L. sidoides-based products (toothpaste, mouthrinse, and gel) to cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and placebo products. Among the human studies, a significant antiplaque effect after treatment with L. sidoides-based products was observed in three studies and an antigingivitis effect in two studies, similar to chlorhexidine-based products. One study found superior dental plaque reduction compared to cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse. Only one study testing a L. sidoides gel found no
antiplaque effect. Among the animal studies, an L. sidoides mouthrinse significantly reduced calculus in two studies, inflammatory infiltrate in one study, and plaque bacteria and gingivitis in one study. An L. sidoides gel significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in one study in which mice were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease. In general, L. sidoides-based products were effective in reducing dental plaque and calculus formation, as well as clinical signs of gingivitis. As most studies present methodological limitations, these results should be interpreted carefully. Further clinical trials with greater methodological accuracy and control of biases are necessary for the use of L. sidoides-based products in humans to be viable in clinical practice.
Characterization of the Role of Integrin α5β1 in Platelet Function, Hemostasis, and Experimental Thrombosis
Authors: Janus-Bell Emily , Yakusheva Alexandra , Scandola Cyril , Receveur Nicolas , Ahmed Usman Muhammad , Mouriaux Clarisse , Bourdon Catherine , Loubière Cécile , Eckly Anita , Senis Yotis A. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Gachet Christian , Mangin Pierre H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Integrins are key regulators of various platelet functions. The pathophysiological importance of most platelet integrins has been investigated, with the exception of α5β1, a receptor for fibronectin. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of α5β1 in megakaryopoiesis, platelet function, and to determine its importance in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis.
Approach and Results We generated a mouse strain deficient for integrin α5β1 on megakaryocytes and platelets (PF4Cre-α5−/−). PF4Cre-α5−/− mice were viable, fertile, and presented no apparent signs of abnormality. Megakaryopoiesis appears unaltered as evidence by a normal megakaryocyte morphology and development, which is in agreement with a normal platelet count. Expression of the main platelet receptors and the response of PF4Cre-α5−/− platelets to a series of agonists were all completely normal. Adhesion and aggregation of PF4Cre-α5−/− platelets under shear flow on fibrinogen, laminin, or von Willebrand factor were unimpaired. In contrast, PF4Cre-α5−/− platelets displayed a marked decrease in adhesion, activation, and aggregation on fibrillar cellular fibronectin and collagen. PF4Cre-α5−/− mice presented no defect in a tail-bleeding time assay and no increase in inflammatory bleeding in a reverse passive Arthus model and a lipopolysaccharide pulmonary inflammation model. Finally, no defects were observed in three distinct experimental models of arterial thrombosis based on ferric chloride-induced injury of the carotid artery, mechanical injury of the abdominal aorta, or laser-induced injury of mesenteric vessels.
Conclusion In summary, this study shows that platelet integrin α5β1 is a key receptor for fibrillar cellular fibronectin but is dispensable in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis.