bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Postoperative Genitourinary (GU) Cases in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Alam Shoheli , Islam Nazrul , Jannat Fatema Tul , Islam K. M. Didarul , Mahammad Noor , Munmun Umme H 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Genitourinary (GU) disorders may be congenital or acquired. Congenital cases are most often undiagnosed. This study was carried out to find the types of congenital, acquired GU cases and redo surgery from neonate to early adult life and the age of diagnosis of congenital anomalies.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was carried out from January’2016 to December’2018 in the inpatients of the Paediatric Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All admitted patients having congenital or acquired GU cases and postoperative complications of these systems required redo surgery were included. The data were reviewed for patient demographics, frequency, and distribution pattern of admitted GU cases and types of redo surgery.

Result:
A total of 1329 patients were operated in the Paediatric Surgery Department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a 3 years’ period. Among them, 508 patients (38.2%) were GU cases. The age ranged from 2 days to 18 years (mean age: 5.68 ± 3.77) at diagnosis. The male: female ratio was 5.7:1. Out of the total 508 patients, 432(85%) were boys while only 75 (15%) were girls. Among the 508 GU cases, 355 (69.9%) were congenital cases, 56(11%) were acquired cases, and redo cases were 97(19.1%). In this study, 43.7% of children who had congenital GU anomalies were >5 to 12 years old, and the neonatal age group was in 2.3% of cases. Among the congenital GU anomalies, hypospadias was more common in 141(27.8%) cases. 41(8.1%) had urogenital tumors. Wilm’s tumor was in 18 (3.5%) of children, 9 (1.8%) patients had urethral stricture, 6(1.2%) patients had urolithiasis. In case of redo surgery, urethrocutaneous fistula was found in 42(8.3%) patients.

Conclusion:
GU cases are more common than the other systemic cases in pediatric surgical patients. Among the GU cases, congenital anomalies are more than the acquired cases in our institution. But most of the congenital anomalies were diagnosed at a later age.
Validity of the Demirjian method for dental age estimation in 4–17 years' Jordanian population
Authors: Salaymeh Razan Jamil , Al-zaben Juman Mohammed , Bader Dima Hamdi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The Demirjian's method has been advocated since 1973 as a universal method in dental age (DA) estimation. Several studies in different populations have shown that DA was overestimated compared with chronological age (CA).

The Objective of the Study:
The aim of this study was to assess the DA in Jordanian children aged 4–17 years using the Demirjian method and compare it with the standard values provided by Demirjian.

Design of the Study:
This was a cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:
Five hundred and eighty four panoramic radiographs of healthy children of both genders. The CA was scored from the medical record of the child and the dental age scored on all seven left mandibular teeth in the panoramic radiograph based on demirjian's method.

Statistical Testing:
All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25. The statistical analyses were performed using an independent samples t-test and a correlation coefficient to analyze quantitative data and a scatter plot.

Results:
The DA was overestimated than CA, especially in the intervals between 6–7, 14–15, and 16–17 years in females, and in the interval 12–13 and 16–17 years in males. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between CA and DA according to the girls in the intervals 9–14 years, and there were significant correlations between CA and DA related to boys in the intervals 6–7, 8–11, and 15–16 years. The results from this study have shown that Demirjian “s method cannot be applicable to be used to determine the estimated DA of the Jordanian population.

Conclusion:
The Demirjian's method for dental estimation is not valid for the Jordanian population, and there should be another method for dental age estimation.
Assessment of shade matching using visual and instrumental methods
Authors: Antony Jesmy K. , George Liza , Mathew Josey 
Published: December 2021

Aims:
This study aimed to compare the shade selection of natural teeth using visual method, digital photographic method, spectrophotometric method, and using an intraoral scanning device.

Settings and Design:
A study was conducted at the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics.

Subjects and Methods:
Right maxillary central incisors of ten subjects without caries, defects, or any restorations were selected for the study. Shade selection was done from the middle third of the labial surface of the tooth. In visual method the shade selection was carried out by an experienced clinician and in digital photographic method by a technician with gray cards as background and software analysis the other methods were spectrophotometric method and using an intraoral scanning device.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Post hoc was done using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:
When the shades selected using the four methods were compared, with spectrophotometric methods, statistically significant differences were found for visual and digital photographic methods.

Conclusions:
Whenever possible, it is better to combine visual and instrumental methods so as to reduce the subjective errors that can happen while using the visual method alone. Among the instrumental methods, the less expensive digital photographic method can be opted for instead of the more sophisticated methods with chances of minimal errors.
Nano hydroxyapatite toothpaste as a treatment for dentine hypersensitivity
Authors: Oubenyahya Hanan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and painful clinical occurrence that can negatively impact patients' quality of life. An arsenal of different desensitizing molecules is available on the market, but no gold standard has yet to be set.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to perform a review on the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) as a desensitizing toothpaste agent as opposed to placebo or other desensitizing molecules.

Materials and Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, an electronic search of the PubMed database was conducted from inception up until May 2021. Seven English written randomized controlled trials about the use of n-HA toothpaste in treating adults with DH were assessed for quality via the modified Jadad scale, and included in the review. Non-English studies, publications involving lasers, and studies researching the effect of n-HA on gingival inflammation or postwhitening sensitivity were all excluded.

Results and Discussion:
Available evidence suggests that n-HA is a promising addition to the growing arsenal of desensitizing treatments available on the market.

Conclusion:
n-HA remains a viable everyday option that dentists should strongly consider for their patients' pain relief. However, due to the heterogeneity of pain studies and the lack of standardization in trial protocols, no evidence of superiority to other desensitizing agents can be ascertained, thus far.
Comparison of apical resorption of endodontically treated teeth before and after orthodontic movement with clear aligner
Authors: Alshammery Deema Ali , Alabdulkarim Aljawhara , Alkanhal Norah , AlTammami Musaed 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Patients treated with orthodontics show short root due to apical root resorption.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the external apical root resorption (EARR) of endodontically treated teeth before and after orthodontic movements using clear aligner therapy.

Materials and Methods:
The study group comprised 22 class I adult healthy patients with a mean age of (28 ± 8.2) years treated with clear aligner therapy. Thirty-four endodontically treated teeth (maxillary incisors and molars) were measured for the extent of the EARR in panoramic radiographs at the beginning and at the end of clear aligner therapy. Root resorption was measured using an electrical digital caliper (Mitutoyo Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) on the dental panoramic radiographs from the mesial cusps of the first molar tooth to the apex of the root, and from the incisal edge to the apex of the root for the central incisors.

Results and Discussion:
All the endodontically treated teeth demonstrated reduction in pretreatment root length. Less than one percent of EARR was found in 4 teeth, and 1%–4.9% of the EARR was observed in 23 teeth. Six teeth showed EARR of 5–7.9 while only one tooth EARR in the range of 8–10. A pretreatment versus posttreatment comparison of median root lengths of #16, #26, #36, and #46 showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The mean differences of root lengths after clear aligner therapy among different teeth showed no significant difference (P = 0.981).

Conclusion:
All the endodontically treated teeth showed minimal external root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a clear aligner.
Self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their confidence
Authors: Alraheam Islam Abd , AlAshqar Mays A. , Hattar Susan , AlHadidi Abeer , Alhaddad Alaa , Sawair F. A. , Alkayed Awni 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Dental education quality is reflected by assessing graduating students' professional preparedness. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had many challenges for dentistry some of which may have further long-term impacts on clinical practice, dental education, and dental research. Impact on education can be directly reflected on graduates' preparedness.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to study self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 on their preparedness.

Materials and Methods:
An online survey was designed and sent electronically to 5th year students who were graduating in 2020, dentists who graduated in 2019 and were doing their prelicensure training, and dentists who graduated before 2019. The survey was self-designed and validated by an experienced professor in the school then tested by couple of participants. The survey composed of multiple sections. Four-point Likert scale was used to assess participants' perception in all the survey sections.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 209 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The mean total preparedness score (TPS) for the 209 participants was 97.6 (standard deviation ± 9.7) with a range of 69–120. The mean TPS of the different classes of participants was 99.5 for the class graduated before 2019, 98.1 for the 2020 class, and 95.1 for the 2019 class. Participants felt they are confident and extremely confident doing most of the required competencies. Weakness was mainly reported in surgical extraction for 2020 graduates due to the 8 weeks loss of their training. COVID-19 had considerable impact on 59.7% of the participants and marginal to no impact on 40.3%. The highest prevalence of those who thought it had some to severe impact on their confidence was those who graduated in year 2019 (73.4%).

Conclusions:
The graduates who participated in the survey felt confident in performing the majority of general dentistry procedures. COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the confidence of all the classes of participants even those graduated before 2019.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor of the maxilla (Pindborg tumor)
Authors: Nowair Ibrahim M. , Wahba Omneya M. , Al Shareef Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a benign but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor that most commonly occurs in the mandible. Although the maxillary CEOT is rare, its biological behavior is indolent.

Aim
A comprehensive immunohistochemical study was performed concerning the local aggressive behavior of this tumor.

Patients and methods
In this study, 12 cases of patients who were attended in the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University were included in this study after confirmed incisional biopsy of CEOT. The patients were examined clinically preoperative and aspiration test was done. After finishing the tumor resection, closure of the maxillary defect was done by double layer repair of the defect. Biopsy of this tumor was stained by the following markers p63, Ki67, type IV collagen, smooth muscle actin (SMA), CK19, CK5/6, S100 to study the biological behavior of the tumor.

Results
The neoplastic cells were diffusely cytoplasmic immunoreactive for CK19 and CK5/6. Also, the tumor cells showed mild to moderate staining to SMA. Weak intensity of collagen type IV was detected. The amyloid-like deposit was immunonegative for both SMA and type IV collagen. p63 was expressed in all studied cases. Strong to moderate nuclear staining to p63 was detected in the tumor cells. The Ki67 showed high proliferation activity of tumor cells differing from the benign tumor nature.

Conclusion
Maxillary CEOT tends to grow more rapidly and not be circumscribed, suggesting that more aggressive surgery is required in these specific cases.
El Aprendizaje Vivencial para Fortalecer las Competencias Comunicativas
Authors: Alvarado Salirrosas Paola Lisset 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito conocer el fortalecimiento de las competencias comunicativas a través del aprendizaje vivencial. Este proceso se inicia con la sistematización del sustento teórico de la investigación, el cual lo constituye la teoría de la competencia comunicativa iniciada por el autor N. Chomsky en 1965.
Lograr fortalecer las competencias comunicativas constituye uno de los retos de la educación y dentro de este entorno el uso del aprendizaje vivencial es una gran estrategia para alcanzar este propósito. No somos ajenos a la realidad ya que se presentan algunas dificultades en la comprensión y manejo de las competencias comunicativas.
Por esta razón este artículo tiene como objetivo fortalecer dichas competencias comunicativas con la ayuda del aprendizaje vivencial desde un enfoque epistemológico introspectivo – vivencial.
Este estudio también busca dar a conocer los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del lenguaje a través de la aplicación del aprendizaje vivencial para fortalecer las competencias comunicativas. Uno de los aspectos más relevantes en este proceso del mejoramiento de la calidad en la educación, es el trabajo centrado en la enseñanza de las competencias comunicativas en los alumnos a través de la aplicación de nuevas propuestas pedagógicas y metodológicas que permitan mejorar dichas competencias comunicativas, a partir de la aplicación del aprendizaje vivencial. Es importante además señalar que nos sirve para el desarrollo de las competencias y el mejoramiento de los procesos de aprendizaje.
Por ello buscamos fortalecer las competencias comunicativas en los estudiantes mediante la aplicación del aprendizaje vivencial como elemento clave para la mejora de sus competencias.
The Struggle of Fiqh Reasoning in the Implementation of MUI’s Fatwa on Worship during Pandemic in the Island of Lombok
Authors: War'i Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the implementation of MUI’s fatwa on worship during Covid-19 pandemic. Social facts show that the implementation of the fatwa has given rise to various socio-religious conflicts in Lombok island. Through a qualitative approach, the paper concludes: First, the people of Lombok Muslim community disapprove the fatwa. Second, there is a conceptual difference between the government as the beholder of the MUI’s fatwa and the community's religious traditions that have been maintained for a long time. Third, the model of fiqh law reasoning used by the government in general is a textual (normative) model that is contrary to society's use of historical meaning. Therefore, a dialogical process is needed for a solution to social problems that occur as a result of the implementation of the ulama’s fatwa which is used as government policy so that it does not appear to be coercive by involving elements of ulama, goverment, and society. The dialog conectivity of these three elements in negotiating their understandings of fiqh to place the intent and purpose of a legal product (fatwa) will encourage the realization of inclusive fiqh reasoning.
Keywords: fiqh reason, MUI’s fatwa, mosque closing

Tulisan ini mengkaji secara fenomenologis implementasi fatwa MUI tentang ibadah di tengah pandemi wabah Covid-19. Fakta sosial menunjukkan bahwa implementasi fatwa tersebut telah melahirkan berbagai konflik sosial keagamaan di Pulau Lombok. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif tulisan berkesimpulan: Pertama, Respon masyarakat muslim Lombok sebagai demografi dengan banyaknya masjid adalah adanya ketidakmenerimaan baik secara psikologis, sosial, dan kultural. Kedua, Terjadi pertentangan konseptual antara pemerintah selaku pemegang fatwa MUI dengan konsep tradisi keagamaan masyarakat yang telah lama ada dan menjadi pedoman mereka. Ketiga, model penalaran hukum fikih yang digunakan pemerintah secara umum adalah model pemaknaan tekstual (normatif) bertentangan dengan masyarakat yang menggunakan pemaknaan historis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan proses dialogis sebagai langkah solutif atas problem sosial yang terjadi akibat implementasi fatwa ulama yang dijadikan kebijakan pemerintah agar tidak terkesan memaksa dengan melibatkan unsur ulama, umara’, dan mujtama’. Konektivitas dialog tiga unsur ini dalam menegosiasikan pemahaman fikih mereka untuk mendudukkan maksud dan tujuan suatu produk hukum (fatwa) akan mendorong terwujudnya nalar fikih yang inklusif.
Kata Kunci: nalar fikih, fatwa MUI, penutupan masjid
Thermal Camera Use for Evaluation of Patients and Injured in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Events
Authors: KADİRSOY Çağatay , NUR Gökhan , KAFADAR Hüseyin 
Published: December 2021

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) areas contain various risks due to their structure. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats can create separate or combined risks. For this reason, it is not possible to enter the scene safely without detecting the risks that may occur in a possible CBRN accident or disaster. Since the risk assessment in the incident area takes a long time, no team can enter the scene and find information and intervention until the risk assessment is done.
In this article, it is studied the determination of the general health status of people in hazardous CBRN zones via a thermal camera. It is obvious that there is a continuous need to obtain information about the scene of the incident such as the alive, sick, and injured people in the situation of hard-to-reach and highly hazardous CBRN areas. In addition, autonomous analysis techniques were studied on the obtained images.
In this study, it is focused on the determination of health status according to body temperature measurement, which is one of the vital signs, by the advantages of applying to more than one person without contact provided by thermal cameras integrated into a UAV. In addition, autonomous analysis techniques were studied on the obtained images. Within the scope of the study, a preliminary study was implemented on how thermal cameras can be used to evaluate vital signs in CBRN cases and to evaluate exposure levels according to body temperature.
Propuesta de variantes para la refinación del aceite de pescado para obtener un efluente con propiedades fertilizantes
Authors: Cherrepano Manrique Reynaldo Francisco , Camos Pichilingue Pilar Rosario , Vélez Chang Yasmin Jesus , Gavedia Garcia Gladys , Sánchez Espinoza Cinthia , Durand Meza Miguel Angel , Soto Neyra Lesly Mary 
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación es una propuesta para proponer variantes en la refinación del aceite de pescado, donde normalmente se utiliza el hidróxido de sodio como agente neutralizante a fin de hacer precipitar los ácidos grasos libres en forma de jabones o sales formados a partir de la reacción de neutralización entre el agente alcalino y los ácidos grasos presentes en la composición del aceite crudo de pescado. Estos ácidos grasos libres se van formando espontáneamente en el almacenamiento del aceite crudo de pescado que se acelera cuando el aceite hace contacto con la humedad del ambiente u otro contacto acuoso.
El propósito del presente trabajo es también presentar iniciativas favorables para el medio ambiente, en este caso en lugar de obtener un efluente que se va a destinar su vertimiento a la red pública y finalmente impacta a un cuerpo de agua, se propone la obtención de un efluente con propiedades fertilizantes, cuya actuación favorable para el desarrollo vegetativo de algún cultivo se demostraría con su aplicación foliar para algún cultivo. Se recomendaría un análisis completo de micronutrientes y macronutrientes del efluente obtenido, siendo relevante su contenido en nitrógeno, fosforo y potasio.
Con esta variante en la etapa del proceso de purificación del aceite crudo de pescado que es la refinación del aceite se estaría reduciendo los impactos directos e indirectos ambientales que se ocasionan en la refinación industrial del aceite de pescado.
Pengaruh Model Conseptual Understanding Procedures Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wahdaniah  , Syamsuddin Agustan , Sirajuddin  
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model conseptual understanding procedures terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika pada peserta didik kelas V SDN Minasa Upa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian pre-experimental design dengan one group pretest-posttest design Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam peneitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah oeserta didik kelas VC yang berjumlah 22 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi dan tes pemahaman konsep. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar pemahaman konsep matematika peserta didik sebelum digunakan model conseptual understanding procedures adalah 57,32 berada pada kategori rendah dan rata-rata hasil belajar setelah digunakan model conseptual understanding procedures adalah 87,05 berada pada kategori tinggi. Selain itu berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas yang menyatakan bahwa data berdistribusi normal, data bersifat homogen dan hasil uji hipotesis yang diperoleh nilai signifikan sebesar 0,001 dengan tarif signifikan 0,05, Selain itu juga, hasil penelitian didukung dengan hasil uji t, adapun hasil t hitung -9,635 dan t tabel -2,080 sehingga hasilnya menyatakan bahwa t hitung > t tabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan model conseptual understanding procedures terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika pada peserta didik kelas V SDN Minasa Upa.