bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The false promise of global IR: exposing the paradox of dependent development
Authors: Aydinli Ersel , Erpul Onur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConcerned about the continued dominance of Western International Relations (IR) theories, the global IR community has proposed various measures to address disciplinary hierarchies through encouraging dialogue and pluralism. By investigating the pedagogical preferences of instructors from 45 countries, this paper questions the global IR initiative's emancipatory potential, arguing that disciplinary practices in IR resemble those of dependent development. The study develops a new typology of IR theoretical (IRT) scholarship and examines the readings assigned in 151 IRT syllabi worldwide for evidence of similarity, replication, and assimilation. The findings show that mainstream core IRTs dominate syllabi globally, regardless of region, language of instruction, or instructors' educational/linguistic backgrounds. This domination extends to periphery scholars not using their own local products. Even when they do seek alternative approaches, they prefer to import core alternatives, that is, critical traditions, rather than homegrown IRTs. Finally, the results show that even in syllabi taught in local languages the readings remain dominated by core IRT works. These findings expose a structural defect in the current cry for global IR, by revealing the system's dependent development paradox. The paper concludes with suggestions for creating a symmetric interdependent structure, in the aim of achieving a genuine globalization of IR.
Validating Communicative Tests of Reading and Language Use of Classical Greek
Authors: Coniam David , Poupounaki-Lappa Polyxeni , Peristeri Tzortzina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper builds on the work presented previously in this journal by Poupounaki-Lappa et al. (2021), which described the development of a communicative test of Reading and Language Use of Classical Greek calibrated to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) at levels A1 and A2 (Council of Europe, 2001). In the current paper, the two tests of Classical Greek are calibrated both together and to the CEFR. In addition to describing the methodology for comparing the two separate tests of Classical Greek, the paper is also designed to be of interest to educators of other classical languages. It is hoped that they may find it useful not only by facilitating robust test design, but also by demonstrating the methods by which tests can be linked together on a common scale (as with the CEFR) or linking tests one to another (e.g., different end-of-year tests, at different points in time).
Discriminating Tectonic Setting of Igneous Rocks Using Biotite Major Element chemistry−A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Saha Rupashree , Upadhyay Dewashish , Mishra Biswajit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe composition of igneous biotite is a potential indicator of the geologic environment of its host rock. Here, we apply two machine learning models−eXtreemly Greedy tree Boosting (XGBoost) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to classify biotite in igneous rocks from five tectonic settings−oceanic intraplate, continental intraplate, continental arc, island arc, and rift, using their major element chemistry compiled from a global dataset. The two models are successfully able to discriminate among biotite from the five tectonic settings. The classifiers quantitatively search for unique geochemical signatures in the training dataset, mapping each biotite analysis to its corresponding tectonic setting. Both models yielded good classification accuracy (∼90% on average) on an unseen dataset, suggesting that biotite major element chemistry can successfully discriminate the tectonic setting of many igneous rocks. The Shapley Additive exPlanations algorithm, which measures the impact of every element, indicates that Na, Mn, Ba, Mg, Al, Cr, and O2− constitute important geochemical discriminators. According to both models, high Na, low Na, low Ba, high Mn, and low Mn of biotite have the strongest influence on the prediction of continental arc, continental intraplate, island arc, oceanic intraplate, and rift settings, respectively. The classifier models have been applied to investigate the Neoproterozoic geodynamics of the Aravalli‐Delhi Belt, northwestern India. The models show that igneous activity related to the Erinpura granites (∼835 Ma) and the Malani Igneous Suite (∼750 Ma) can be ascribed to continental intraplate setting related to extensional tectonics prior to the break‐up of the Rodinia supercontinent.
Characteristics, Origins, and Biosignature Preservation Potential of Carbonate‐Bearing Rocks Within and Outside of Jezero Crater
Authors: Tarnas J. D. , Stack K. M. , Parente M. , Koeppel A. H. D. , Mustard J. F. , Moore K. R. , Horgan B. H. N. , Seelos F. P. , Cloutis E. A. , Kelemen P. B. , Flannery D. , Brown A. J. , Frizzell K. R. , Pinet P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbonate minerals have been detected in Jezero crater, an ancient lake basin that is the landing site of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, and within the regional olivine‐bearing (ROB) unit in the Nili Fossae region surrounding this crater. It has been suggested that some carbonates in the margin fractured unit, a rock unit within Jezero crater, formed in a fluviolacustrine environment, which would be conducive to preservation of biosignatures from paleolake‐inhabiting lifeforms. Here, we show that carbonate‐bearing rocks within and outside of Jezero crater have the same range of visible‐to‐near‐infrared carbonate absorption strengths, carbonate absorption band positions, thermal inertias, and morphologies. Thicknesses of exposed carbonate‐bearing rock cross‐sections in Jezero crater are ∼75–90 m thicker than typical ROB unit cross‐sections in the Nili Fossae region, but have similar thicknesses to ROB unit exposures in Libya Montes. These similarities in carbonate properties within and outside of Jezero crater is consistent with a shared origin for all of the carbonates in the Nili Fossae region. Carbonate absorption minima positions indicate that both Mg‐ and more Fe‐rich carbonates are present in the Nili Fossae region, consistent with the expected products of olivine carbonation. These estimated carbonate chemistries are similar to those in martian meteorites and the Comanche carbonates investigated by the Spirit rover in Columbia Hills. Our results indicate that hydrothermal alteration is the most likely formation mechanism for non‐deltaic carbonates within and outside of Jezero crater.
Association between circadian activity rhythms and mood episode relapse in bipolar disorder: a 12-month prospective cohort study
Authors: Esaki Yuichi , Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Fujita Kiyoshi , Iwata Nakao , Kitajima Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience mood episode relapses. We examined whether circadian activity rhythms were associated with mood episode relapses in patients with bipolar disorder. This prospective cohort study included outpatients with bipolar disorder who participated in a study titled “Association between the Pathology of Bipolar Disorder and Light Exposure in Daily Life (APPLE) cohort study.” The participants’ physical activity was objectively assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer over 7 consecutive days for the baseline assessment and then at the 12-month follow-up for mood episode relapses. The levels and timing of the circadian activity rhythms were estimated using a cosinor analysis and a nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis. Of the 189 participants, 88 (46%) experienced mood episodes during follow-up. The Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders showed that a robust circadian activity rhythm, including midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and amplitude by cosinor analysis and 10 consecutive hours with the highest amplitude values (M10) by the nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis, was significantly associated with a decrease in mood episode relapses (per counts/min, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: MESOR, 0.993 [0.988–0.997]; amplitude, 0.994 [0.988–0.999]; and M10, 0.996 [0.993–0.999]). A later timing of the circadian activity rhythm (M10 onset time) was significantly associated with an increase in the depressive episode relapses (per hour; 1.109 [1.001–1.215]). We observed significant associations between circadian activity rhythms and mood episode relapses in bipolar disorder.
Prefused lysosomes cluster on autophagosomes regulated by VAMP8
Authors: Chen Qixin , Hao Mingang , Wang Lei , Li Linsen , Chen Yang , Shao Xintian , Tian Zhiqi , Pfuetzner Richard A. , Zhong Qing , Brunger Axel T. , Guan Jun-Lin , Diao Jiajie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLysosome–autophagosome fusion is critical to autophagosome maturation. Although several proteins that regulate this fusion process have been identified, the prefusion architecture and its regulation remain unclear. Herein, we show that upon stimulation, multiple lysosomes form clusters around individual autophagosomes, setting the stage for membrane fusion. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein on lysosomes—vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8)—plays an important role in forming this prefusion state of lysosomal clusters. To study the potential role of phosphorylation on spontaneous fusion, we investigated the effect of phosphorylation of C-terminal residues of VAMP8. Using a phosphorylation mimic, we observed a decrease of fusion in an ensemble lipid mixing assay and an increase of unfused lysosomes associated with autophagosomes. These results suggest that phosphorylation not only reduces spontaneous fusion for minimizing autophagic flux under normal conditions, but also preassembles multiple lysosomes to increase the fusion probability for resuming autophagy upon stimulation. VAMP8 phosphorylation may thus play an important role in chemotherapy drug resistance by influencing autophagosome maturation.
The interaction of S100A16 and GRP78 actives endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated through the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Jin Runbing , Zhao Anran , Han Shuying , Zhang Dan , Sun Hui , Li Min , Su Dongming , Liang Xiubin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that the development of acute and chronic kidney disease including renal fibrosis is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. S100 calcium-binding protein 16 (S100A16) as a novel member of the S100 family is involved in kidney disease; however, few studies have examined fibrotic kidneys for a relationship between S100A16 and ER stress. In our previous study, we identified GRP78 as a protein partner of S100A16 in HK-2 cells. Here, we confirmed a physical interaction between GRP78 and S100A16 in HK-2 cells and a markedly increased expression of GRP78 in the kidneys of unilateral ureteral occlusion mice. S100A16 overexpression in HK-2 cells by infection with Lenti-S100A16 also induced upregulation of ER stress markers, including GRP78, p-IRE1α, and XBP1s. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the interaction between S100A16 and GRP78 predominantly occurred in the ER of control HK-2 cells. By contrast, HK-2 cells overexpressing S100A16 showed colocalization of S100A16 and GRP78 mainly in the cytoplasm. Pretreatment with BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, blunted the upregulation of renal fibrosis genes and ER stress markers induced by S100A16 overexpression in HK-2 cells and suppressed the cytoplasmic colocalization of GRP78 and S100A16. Co-immunoprecipitation studies suggested a competitive binding between S100A16 and IRE1α with GRP78 in HK-2 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a significant increase in S100A16 expression in the cytoplasm following renal injury. GRP78 then moves into the cytoplasm and binds with S100A16 to promote the release of IRE1α. The subsequent phosphorylation of IRE1α then leads to XBP1 splicing that activates ER stress.
Comparison of triblock copolymeric micelles based on α- and ε-poly(L-lysine): a Cornelian choice
Authors: Marquet Franck , Patrulea Viorica , Borchard Gerrit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the lack of safe carriers for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), clinical applications of nucleotide-based therapeutics have been limited. In this study, biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers with tailored molecular weights for each block composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (2000 g/mol), poly(L-lysine) (1300 g/mol) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (1800 g/mol) (mPEG45-α-PLL10-PLA25) were synthesized and fully characterized. The peptide synthesis was carried out on a solid phase to limit the presence of cationic charges. The arrangement and availability of cationic amino groups within a micellar vector were investigated to determine the colloidal stability as well as the predisposition of these systems to vectorize siRNAs in addition to their already known ability to improve the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. For this purpose, a triblock copolymer containing an epsilon poly(L-lysine) was synthesized similarly. Accordingly, the arrangement of the cationic segment modifies the rigidity involving a complexation constraint due to limited cationic charges available on the surface, which can compromise the efficiency of delivery into cells. In addition, the two vectors were biocompatible in different human cell lines.
Dynamical symmetry indicators for Floquet crystals
Authors: Yu Jiabin , Zhang Rui-Xing , Song Zhi-Da 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious exotic topological phases of Floquet systems have been shown to arise from crystalline symmetries. Yet, a general theory for Floquet topology that is applicable to all crystalline symmetry groups is still in need. In this work, we propose such a theory for (effectively) non-interacting Floquet crystals. We first introduce quotient winding data to classify the dynamics of the Floquet crystals with equivalent symmetry data, and then construct dynamical symmetry indicators (DSIs) to sufficiently indicate the inherently dynamical Floquet crystals. The DSI and quotient winding data, as well as the symmetry data, are all computationally efficient since they only involve a small number of Bloch momenta. We demonstrate the high efficiency by computing all elementary DSI sets for all spinless and spinful plane groups using the mathematical theory of monoid, and find a large number of different nontrivial classifications, which contain both first-order and higher-order 2+1D anomalous Floquet topological phases. Using the framework, we further find a new 3+1D anomalous Floquet second-order topological insulator (AFSOTI) phase with anomalous chiral hinge modes.
Phase separation of Nur77 mediates celastrol-induced mitophagy by promoting the liquidity of p62/SQSTM1 condensates
Authors: Peng Shuang-zhou , Chen Xiao-hui , Chen Si-jie , Zhang Jie , Wang Chuan-ying , Liu Wei-rong , Zhang Duo , Su Ying , Zhang Xiao-kun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation promotes the formation of membraneless condensates that mediate diverse cellular functions, including autophagy of misfolded proteins. However, how phase separation participates in autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy) remains obscure. We previously discovered that nuclear receptor Nur77 (also called TR3, NGFI-B, or NR4A1) translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to mediate celastrol-induced mitophagy through interaction with p62/SQSTM1. Here, we show that the ubiquitinated mitochondrial Nur77 forms membraneless condensates capable of sequestrating damaged mitochondria by interacting with the UBA domain of p62/SQSTM1. However, tethering clustered mitochondria to the autophagy machinery requires an additional interaction mediated by the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of Nur77 and the N-terminal PB1 domain of p62/SQSTM1, which confers Nur77-p62/SQSTM1 condensates with the magnitude and liquidity. Our results demonstrate how composite multivalent interaction between Nur77 and p62/SQSTM1 coordinates to sequester damaged mitochondria and to connect targeted cargo mitochondria for autophagy, providing mechanistic insight into mitophagy.
Magnetoencephalography reveals differences in brain activations for fast and slow responses to simple multiplications
Authors: Arcara Giorgio , Pezzetta Rachele , Benavides-Varela S. , Rizzi G. , Formica S. , Turco C. , Piccione F. , Semenza C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite decades of studies, it is still an open question on how and where simple multiplications are solved by the brain. This fragmented picture is mostly related to the different tasks employed. While in neuropsychological studies patients are asked to perform and report simple oral calculations, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies often use verification tasks, in which the result is shown, and the participant must verify the correctness. This MEG study aims to unify the sources of evidence, investigating how brain activation unfolds in time using a single-digit multiplication production task. We compared the participants' brain activity—focusing on the parietal lobes—based on response efficiency, dividing their responses in fast and slow. Results showed higher activation for fast, as compared to slow, responses in the left angular gyrus starting after the first operand, and in the right supramarginal gyrus only after the second operand. A whole-brain analysis showed that fast responses had higher activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We show a timing difference of both hemispheres during simple multiplications. Results suggest that while the left parietal lobe may allow an initial retrieval of several possible solutions, the right one may be engaged later, helping to identify the solution based on magnitude checking.
Mapping of UV-C dose and SARS-CoV-2 viral inactivation across N95 respirators during decontamination
Authors: Geldert Alisha , Su Alison , Roberts Allison W. , Golovkine Guillaume , Grist Samantha M. , Stanley Sarah A. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, ultraviolet-C (UV-C) decontamination of N95 respirators for emergency reuse has been implemented to mitigate shortages. Pathogen photoinactivation efficacy depends critically on UV-C dose, which is distance- and angle-dependent and thus varies substantially across N95 surfaces within a decontamination system. Due to nonuniform and system-dependent UV-C dose distributions, characterizing UV-C dose and resulting pathogen inactivation with sufficient spatial resolution on-N95 is key to designing and validating UV-C decontamination protocols. However, robust quantification of UV-C dose across N95 facepieces presents challenges, as few UV-C measurement tools have sufficient (1) small, flexible form factor, and (2) angular response. To address this gap, we combine optical modeling and quantitative photochromic indicator (PCI) dosimetry with viral inactivation assays to generate high-resolution maps of “on-N95” UV-C dose and concomitant SARS-CoV-2 viral inactivation across N95 facepieces within a commercial decontamination chamber. Using modeling to rapidly identify on-N95 locations of interest, in-situ measurements report a 17.4 ± 5.0-fold dose difference across N95 facepieces in the chamber, yielding 2.9 ± 0.2-log variation in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. UV-C dose at several on-N95 locations was lower than the lowest-dose locations on the chamber floor, highlighting the importance of on-N95 dose validation. Overall, we integrate optical simulation with in-situ PCI dosimetry to relate UV-C dose and viral inactivation at specific on-N95 locations, establishing a versatile approach to characterize UV-C photoinactivation of pathogens contaminating complex substrates such as N95s.
Technological rejection in regions of early gold innovation revealed by geospatial analysis
Authors: Erb-Satullo Nathaniel L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn research on early invention and innovation, technological “firsts” receive enormous attention, but technological “lasts”—instances of abandonment and rejection—are arguably more informative about human technological behavior. Yet, cases of technological discontinuance are largely ignored in studies of early innovation, as the lack of robust datasets makes identification and analysis difficult. A large-scale geospatial analysis of more than 4500 gold objects from the Caucasus, an early center of gold innovation, shows a precipitous decline at 1500 BC in precisely the places with the earliest global evidence of gold mining (c. 3000 BC). Testing various causal models reveals that social factors, rather than resource limitations or demographic disruption, were the primary causes of this rejection. These results indicate that prior models of technological rejection and loss have underestimated the range of conditions in which they can occur, and provide empirical support for theories of innovation that reject notions about the linearity of technological progress.
Genome﻿-wide stress sensitivity moderates the stress-depression relationship in a nationally representative sample of adults
Authors: Davidson Trent , Braudt David B. , Keers Robert , Assary Elham , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Boardman Jason D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe re-evaluate the findings of one of the most cited and disputed papers in gene-environment interaction (GxE) literature. In 2003, a paper was published in Science in which the authors demonstrated that the relationship between stress and depression is moderated by a polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the gene SLC6A4. Replication has been weak and led many to challenge the overall significance of GxE research. Here, we utilize data from Add Health, a large, nationally representative, and well-powered longitudinal study to re-examine the genetic determinants of stress sensitivity. We characterize environmental sensitivity using a genome-wide polygenic indicator rather than relying on one polymorphism in a single candidate gene. Our results provide support for the stress-diathesis perspective and validate the scientific contributions of the original paper.
Identification of antiviral phytochemicals as a potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitor using docking and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Patel Chirag N. , Jani Siddhi P. , Jaiswal Dharmesh G. , Kumar Sivakumar Prasanth , Mangukia Naman , Parmar Robin M. , Rawal Rakesh M. , Pandya Himanshu A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNovel SARS-CoV-2, an etiological factor of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses a great challenge to the public health care system. Among other druggable targets of SARS-Cov-2, the main protease (Mpro) is regarded as a prominent enzyme target for drug developments owing to its crucial role in virus replication and transcription. We pursued a computational investigation to identify Mpro inhibitors from a compiled library of natural compounds with proven antiviral activities using a hierarchical workflow of molecular docking, ADMET assessment, dynamic simulations and binding free-energy calculations. Five natural compounds, Withanosides V and VI, Racemosides A and B, and Shatavarin IX, obtained better binding affinity and attained stable interactions with Mpro key pocket residues. These intermolecular key interactions were also retained profoundly in the simulation trajectory of 100 ns time scale indicating tight receptor binding. Free energy calculations prioritized Withanosides V and VI as the top candidates that can act as effective SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.