bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Abiotic Parameters on Vegetable Storability
Authors: Mahangade Priyanka Sharad , Dubey Abhinav , Sinha J. P. 
Published: March 2021

India is the second-largest producer of vegetables. However, vegetables are critical for storage, due to their highly perishable nature, lack of cold storage and transportation facilities. Vegetables get shrivel, whither rapidly, especially under hot conditions, if not preserved just after harvest. The study was conducted at ICAR-IARI to access the effect of abiotic parameters on vegetable quality with time. Effect of abiotic parameters on vegetable storability was studied and statistical analysed results revealed that there was a significant difference (P=0.05) in storage parameters occur when vegetables stored at different temperature and relative humidity. Storability parameters physiological loss in weight (PLW), firmness, colour values and total soluble solids (TSS) of vegetables tomato, spinach, and radish with different temperature and relative humidity were determined. The effect of abiotic parameter i.e. temperature and relative humidity on PLW physiological loss in weight was found significantly different at 5% level of significance. Temperature reduction of 5 – 10°C and RH increment of 10% have a significant effect on quality parameters i.e. PLW, TSS, colour values of vegetables PLW of vegetables and TSS showed an increasing trend with an increase in temperature and decrease in relative humidity. The firmness of tomato and radish showed a decreasing trend with the increase in temperature and decrease in relative humidity but spinach firmness trend was found the opposite. Thus control over these abiotic parameters is essential to retain the quality of the vegetables and prevent their spoilage.
Haloalkenyl Imidoyl Halides as Multifacial Substrates in the Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Alkenyl Compounds
Authors: Markos Athanasios , Janecký Lukáš , Chvojka Tomáš , Martinek Tomáš , Martinez‐Seara Hector , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr 
Published: February 2021

AbstractN‐Alkenyl compounds are versatile synthetic building blocks and their stereoselective transformations are key processes in the synthesis of many prominent classes of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. However, a large structural variety of known N‐alkenyl compounds and their diverse reactivity have so far precluded the development of a general method for their stereoselective synthesis. Herein we present an aluminum halide‐mediated, highly stereoselective, efficient and scalable transformation of commercially available N‐fluoroalkyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles to N‐haloalkenyl imidoyl halides, and demonstrate their use in the synthesis of stereodefined N‐alkenyl amides, amidines, imines, hydrazonoamides, imidothioates, iminophosphonates, 1,2,4‐triazoles and tetrazoles. The reaction is of wide scope on both the triazole substrate and aluminum halide, providing highly functionalized products. Mechanistic and computational investigations suggest a reaction mechanism involving the triazole ring opening, initiated by the coordination of nitrogen one of the triazole ring to the Lewis acid, N2 elimination and the formation of a vinyl cation intermediate, which reacts with nitrogen‐bound aluminum halide, followed by a series of halide exchange reactions on C−X and Al−X bonds.magnified image
Selective Radical N−H Activation: the Unprecedented Harnessing of Formamide with S8 for N−S−N Bonds Construction
Authors: Yu Xiang , Chen Yu , Luo Qian , Li Yufei , Dai Peng , Xia Qing , Liu Fang , Zhang Wei‐Hua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed novel, highly selective formamide (N−H) activation for the accessing broad range of formamide sulfides was developed. This strategy presented the first example on N−S−N bonds construction under mild conditions, featuring selective N‐radical based mechanism, as well as cheap, stable and environmentally friendly S8 as source of sulfur. In particular, this process was well defined by DFT calculation and a leading product was found to have significant anti‐fungal activity.
Prediction of Novel van der Waals Boron Oxides with Superior Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Li Hao , Min Jingmei , Yang Zhihua , Wang Zhenhai , Pan Shilie , Oganov Artem R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical (DUV NLO) materials are attracting increasing attention because of their structural diversity and complexity. Using the two‐dimensional (2D) crystal structure prediction method combined with the first‐principles calculations, here we propose layered 18‐membered‐ring (18MR) boron oxide B2O3 polymorphs as high‐performance NLO materials. 18MR‐B2O3 with the AA and AB stackings are potential DUV NLO materials. The superior performing 18MR‐B2O3AB has an unprecedentedly high second harmonic generation coefficient of 1.63 pm V−1, the largest among the DUV NLO materials, three times larger than that of the advanced DUV NLO material KBe2BO3F2 and comparable to that of β‐BaB2O4. Its unusually large birefringence of 0.196 at 400 nm guarantees the phase‐matching wavelength λPM to reach this material's extreme absorption edge of ≈154 nm.
Discovery of a Macropinocytosis‐Inducing Peptide Potentiated by Medium‐Mediated Intramolecular Disulfide Formation
Authors: Arafiles Jan Vincent V. , Hirose Hisaaki , Hirai Yusuke , Kuriyama Masashi , Sakyiamah Maxwell Mamfe , Nomura Wataru , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Imanishi Miki , Otaka Akira , Tamamura Hirokazu , Futaki Shiroh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMacropinocytosis is a ubiquitous cellular uptake mechanism of peptide‐based intracellular delivery. This entry pathway shows promise as a route for the intracellular uptake of biomacromolecules and nanoparticles. In this work, we obtained the 8‐residue analogue P4A bearing higher macropinocytosis induction ability. P4A contains vital cysteine residues in its sequence, which immediately reacts with cystine in culture medium to convert into its oxidized forms, including the intramolecularly oxidized form (oxP4A) as the dominant and active species. The conjugate of oxP4A and the membrane lytic peptide LK15 delivered bioactive proteins into cells; notably, this peptide delivered functional proteins fused with a negatively charged protein tag at a significantly reduced amount (up to nanomolar range) without compromising the delivery efficiency and the cellular activities of delivered proteins.
A Rod‐Packing Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework with Suitable Pore Confinement for Benchmark Ethane/Ethylene Separation
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Jia‐Xin , Li Libo , Pei Jiyan , Krishna Rajamani , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Qian Guodong , Chen Banglin , Li Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor the separation of ethane from ethylene, it remains challenging to target both high C2H6 adsorption and selectivity in a C2H6‐selective material. Herein, we report a reversible solid‐state transformation in a labile hydrogen‐bonded organic framework to generate a new rod‐packing desolvated framework (ZJU‐HOF‐1) with suitable cavity spaces and functional surfaces to optimally interact with C2H6. ZJU‐HOF‐1 thus exhibits simultaneously high C2H6 uptake (88 cm3 g−1 at 0.5 bar and 298 K) and C2H6/C2H4 selectivity (2.25), which are significantly higher than those of most top‐performing materials. Theoretical calculations revealed that the cage‐like cavities and functional sites synergistically “match” better with C2H6 to provide stronger multipoint interactions with C2H6 than C2H4. In combination with its high stability and ultralow water uptake, this material can efficiently capture C2H6 from 50/50 C2H6/C2H4 mixtures in ambient conditions under 60 % RH, providing a record polymer‐grade C2H4 productivity of 0.98 mmol g−1.
Chiral Superatomic Nanoclusters Ag47 Induced by the Ligation of Amino Acids
Authors: Liu Wen‐Di , Wang Jia‐Qi , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Chen Xi , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSilver nanoclusters containing Ag0 atoms protected by amino acids were synthesized and characterized. Chiral superatomic silver nanoclusters [Ag47L12(C≡CtBu)16]BF4 (L=l‐/d‐valine or l‐/d‐isoleucine) have been prepared by reducing AgC≡CtBu and amino acids (AAs) with NaBH4. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that these clusters have T symmetry, and the Ag47 metal kernel can be viewed as a tetracapped truncated tetrahedron (Ag17) surrounded with six W‐shaped Ag5 units. The clusters are homochiral as evidenced by CD measurements. As for the strong CD signals, large contributions are found from the occupied Ag s,p states (superatomic D states) near the Fermi level. Electron counting revealed that these clusters are 18‐electron systems, suggesting they are superatomic clusters. The superatomic nature with a 1S21P61D10 configuration was supported by DFT calculations. This work paves the way of taking AAs as facile chiral induction agents for the synthesis of metal nanoclusters.
Enhanced biodegradation and processability of biodegradable package from poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/rice‐husk green composites
Authors: Sirichalarmkul Anan , Kaewpirom Supranee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work aims to study the possibility to process PLA/PBS/RH green composites into hexagonal plant‐pots employing a large‐scale industrial operation using injection molding. Green composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and rice husk (RH) with various RH contents (10–30%wt.) were produced successfully using a twin‐screw extruder. The compatibility of RH‐matrix was improved by chemical surface modifications using a coupling agent. RH was analyzed as an effective filler for PLA to develop green composites with low cost, high biodegradability, improved processability, and comparable mechanical properties as unfilled PLA. With increasing RH content, tensile modulus of the composites increased gradually. The addition of PBS, at PLA/PBS ratio of 60/40, improved the elongation at break and impact strength of PLARH30 by 55% and 7.1%, respectively. The suitable processing temperatures for PLA decreased from 220–230°C to 170–180°C when 30%wt. RH was composited into PLA matrix and were further reduced when PBS was applied. After biodegradation via either enzymatic degradation or hydrolysis, surface erosion with a large number of voids, mass loss, and the substantial decrease in tensile strength of all the composites were observed. In addition, the biodegradation of the composites has been improved by the addition of either RH or PBS.
An integrated remote sensing approach to Métis archaeology in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Wadsworth William T. D. , Supernant Kisha , Kravchinsky Vadim A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIndigenous communities are increasingly turning to archaeological remote sensing to help detect and preserve the material remains of their pasts without extensive excavations. For some Indigenous communities, histories of dispossession and mobility have led to a disconnection between them and archaeological sites, leading to challenges with collaborative models emphasizing local engagement. Here, we present a case study where the nearest modern community associated with the site is hundreds of kilometres away but preserving their heritage is important. The Métis, an Indigenous nation, emerged alongside the North American fur trade during the seventeenth century and became a distinct people. During the nineteenth century, the Métis adopted a highly mobile lifestyle, centred around bison hunting, where they would form temporary villages to overwinter on the northern plains. This case study highlights a post‐contact application of remote sensing where the targets are not large colonial structures but more ephemeral and short‐term occupation sites. We applied multiple methods, specifically ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), magnetic gradiometry, multi‐spectral and orthographic UAV imagery, to survey the mid‐nineteenth‐century Métis wintering site of Chimney Coulee (DjOe‐6), near Eastend, Saskatchewan, Canada. Using high‐frequency GPR (900 MHz) and magnetic gradiometry, this survey successfully delineated the wood wall remains and chimney of one cabin, later confirmed through targeted excavation. The survey was then expanded to other higher potential areas of the site to help refine the approach and define other areas of interest. Here, we outline the results of the Chimney Coulee project and our progress in developing an integrated remote sensing approach for Métis sites. We conclude that there are many forms of collaboration to which remote sensing can contribute and that careful survey can provide insights for modern groups' sense of identity, homelands and Indigenous rights.
Genome mining of Streptomyces sp. CB00271 as a natural high‐producer of β‐rubromycin and the resulting discovery of β‐rubromycin acid
Authors: Yi Liwei , Kong Jieqian , Xiong Yi , Yi Sirui , Gan Ting , Huang Chengshuang , Duan Yanwen , Zhu Xiangcheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstractβ‐rubromycin (β‐RUB) (1) is an efficient inhibitor of human telomerase possessing a unique spiroketal moiety as a potential pharmacophore and regarded as a promising anticancer drug lead. But the development of (β‐RUB) (1) has long been hampered by its low titer and very poor water solubility. By adopting a genome mining strategy, an FAD‐dependent monooxygenase RubN involving with the formation of the spiro system was applied as the probe and Streptomyces sp. CB00271 was screened out from our strain collection as an alternative natural high producer of β‐RUB (1). After a series of fermentation optimizations, CB00271 could produce 124.8 ± 3.4 mg/L β‐RUB (1), which was the highest titer up to now. Moreover, the enhanced production of β‐RUB (1) in fermentation broth also led to the discovery of a new congener β‐RUB acid (7), which was structurally elucidated as the acid form of β‐RUB (1). Comparing to β‐RUB (1), the substituted carboxyl group endowed β‐RUB acid (7) much better solubility in serum and resulted in its higher activity towards tumor cells. Our work set up a solid base for the pilot‐scale production of β‐RUB (1) and its congeners to facilitate their future development as promising anticancer drug leads, and also provide an alternative and practical strategy for the exploitation of other important microbial natural products.
Chemical constituents of radix Actinidia chinensis planch by UPLC–QTOF–MS
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Cai Xiaojun , Li Guowei , He Xiaoying , Yu Xixi , Yu Xinwei , Xiao Qiming , Xiang Zheng , Wang Chaojie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRadix Actinidia decoction and its prescriptions are used to treat tumors and other diseases. Although some chemical components have been isolated from Radix Actinidia, systematic analysis of its chemical components has not been reported, which hinders the basic research on its effective substances and its quality control. In this work, a UPLC–QTOF–MS method was employed to profile and characterize the chemical constituents of water extracts from Radix Actinidia Chinensis Planch (RACP). We unambiguously or tentatively identified 295 chemical components from RACP, including 46 pentacyclic triterpenes, 72 flavonoids, 53 phenolic acids, 24 coumarins, three anthraquinones and other compounds. Most of the chemical components have not been described so far in Actinidia. More than 180 phytochemicals are reported in Actinidia for the first time. 2α,3α,24‐trihydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid, asiatic acid, syringic acid, fraxin, esculetin, 5,7‐dihydroxychromone, esculin, (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epi‐catechin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and rutin were unambiguously identified by comparison with the reference standards. Catechin derivatives, coumarin derivatives and phenolic acid derivatives were the main water‐soluble components in RACP. This study broadened the chemical profiles of RACP, and laid the foundation for subsequent research on the effective components and their mechanism of action. This work also provides an important reference for the quality control and evaluation of RACP.
Chemometry‐assisted UV‐spectrophotmetric methods for the simultaneous determination of paritaprevir, ritonavir, and ombitasvir in their combined tablet dosage forms: A comparative study
Authors: Sayed Rania Adel , Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Sharaf Yasmine Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ternary mixture under study is a recent hepatitis‐C antiviral medicine composed of three new directly acting antiviral drugs, namely, ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir. They are co‐formulated as a single‐dose combined tablet dosage form. With more than 170 million infected patients worldwide, a large production scales of antivirals medicine is expected, and hence, new simple and fast methodologies are required to cover millions of analyses that are done routinely in the different pharmaceutical quality control and research laboratories. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry represents sensitive, fast, and cheap tool of analysis in all research and quality control laboratories that can cover the massive quality control of these regimens. However, the simultaneous determination of these three drugs using multivariate chemometric methods represents a high challenge as their spectra are strongly overlapping besides the large difference in their potency within the same tablet. In this research paper, four new different multivariate chemometric methods were developed for their simultaneous determination, namely, classical least square (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and genetic algorithm‐partial least squares (GA‐PLS) techniques. The validated methods do not require extraction, separation, or derivatization steps. A comparative study was conducted among the four developed methods. All methods provided satisfactory results, whereas GA‐PLS showed better analytical performance as it had the lowest error with good higher correlation coefficient. The methods were applied in the simultaneous determination of the three drugs in pure form and in their combined tablet dosage form. The comparison confirmed agreement of the values obtained for all techniques.
Massive multi‐in multi‐out multiuser multiplexing based on transmission mode 3
Authors: Zeng Tao , Ouyang Enshan 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMultiuser multi‐in multi‐out (MU‐MIMO) technology using the fifth generation mobile network (5G) massive antenna can greatly increase the existing network capacity and help address problems related to large increases in network traffic. In this study, massive MIMO multiuser space division multiplexing based on transmission mode 3 (TM3) is realized by dividing massive MIMO antenna into virtual beam and fan section. Then the performance evaluations on the MU‐MIMO system in practical existing networks were conducted. The results showed that this technology can realize three times the amount of spatial multiplexing while still maintaining good mobility performance in a no‐load network. In addition, the capacity of the cell can be increased by the massive MIMO system in an existing network for a large user population (for a space division multiplexing factor of approximately 1.83). Test results are used to prove the effectiveness of the frequency‐division duplex massive MIMO multiuser multiplexing based on TM3 to increase the capacity of an existing network.
Crop–weed relationships are context‐dependent and cannot fully explain the positive effects of intercropping on yield
Authors: Stefan Laura , Engbersen Nadine , Schöb Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImplementing sustainable weed control strategies is a major challenge in agriculture. Intercropping offers a potential solution to control weed pressure by reducing the resources available for weeds; however, available research on the relationship between crop diversity and weed pressure and its consequences for crop yield is not yet fully conclusive. In this study, we performed an extensive intercropping experiment using eight crop species and 40 different species mixtures to examine how crop diversity affects weed communities and how the subsequent changes in weeds influence crop yield. Mesocosm experiments were carried out under field conditions in Switzerland and in Spain, which differ drastically in terms of climate, soil and weed community, and included monocultures, two‐ and four‐species mixtures, and a control treatment without crops. Weed communities were assessed in terms of biomass, species number and evenness, and community composition. Results indicate that intercropping reduces weed biomass and diversity in Spain but not in Switzerland. In Switzerland, despite the lack of a crop diversity effect on weeds, crop yield increased with crop species number. Moreover, in Switzerland, where soil resources were abundant, increasing crop yield correlated with reduced weed biomass. In Spain, where water and nutrients were limited, crop yield was not related to weed biomass or diversity. The presented research applies plant community ecology in the context of agricultural crop production systems. We demonstrate that, in our study, increased crop yield in mixtures was not due to increased weed suppression in diverse crop communities, and so must be the result of other ecological processes. We further show that crop–weed relationships vary across environmental conditions; more specifically, our study shows that weeds are less detrimental to crop yield in harsher environments compared to benign abiotic conditions, where alternative strategies are needed to control weed pressure and ensure the yield benefits provided by intercropping.
An analog period method for gap‐filling of latent heat flux measurements
Authors: Hoeltgebaum Lucas Emilio B. , Dias Nelson Luís , Costa Marcelo Azevedo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPractically all records of eddy‐covariance flux measurements are affected by gaps, caused by several reasons. In this work, we propose analog period (AP) methods for gap‐filling, and test them for filling gaps of latent heat flux at five AmeriFlux sites. The essence of the methods is to look for periods in the record that bear a strong resemblance, in the variable to be filled, to the periods immediately before and after the gap. Similarity between periods is gauged by the coefficient of determination, and the search for similar periods and their ranking is straightforward. The methods are developed in a univariate version (that uses only the latent heat flux data series itself) and several multivariate ones, that incorporate sensible heat flux, ground heat flux and net radiation data. For each set of independent variables used for gap‐filling, the methods are tested against an existing gap‐filling procedure with similar data requirements. Thus, the univariate version is tested against the mean diurnal variation method, and the multivariate versions are tested against corresponding simple and multiple linear regression techniques that use energy‐budget data, and in one case the evaporative fraction as well. In our tests, the proposed univariate version performs better than the mean diurnal variation method, and the multivariate versions perform better than simple/multiple linear regression methods. An often used available computer package, REddyProc, was also tested as a basis of comparison. In general, the proposed methods (in univariate and multivariate versions) and simple/multiple linear regressions performed better than REddyProc. For the datasets analysed, gap filling via the evaporative fraction method performed poorly.