bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les mots du système : la prosodie de l’anglais chez l’apprenant francophone
Authors: Howe Lila , Moore Mauroux Susan 
Published: February 2021

Le système de l’anglais oral, notamment au niveau suprasegmental, présente certaines spécificités qui diffèrent du français, représentant ainsi des défis pour l’apprenant. À partir de ce constat, nos travaux s’inspirent de l’hypothèse qu’une conscientisation de ce système leur serait profitable (Trévise « Métalexique » et « Réflexion »). Nous proposons une réflexion sur l’emploi d’une métalangue pertinente dans le contexte de la classe et les enjeux d’une telle démarche. Sont d’abord identifiés les concepts clés du système sur lesquels l’enseignant peut s’appuyer, le choix des termes étant effectué en fonction des compétences visées du CECRL aux différents stades d’apprentissage tels qu’ils sont définis dans les instructions officielles (BO). Se pose ensuite la question de la mise en application effective de l’emploi de la métalangue en classe. Nous présentons alors des activités expérimentées en collège (cycle 4) dans une perspective actionnelle où la métalangue est utilisée, associée à des représentations graphiques et/ou kinésiques, afin d’acquérir des réflexes utiles à l’apprenant dans sa pratique.
Authenticity: an Elusive Aspect of Pronunciation Work
Authors: Schaefer Steven 
Published: February 2021

This paper looks at the concept of authenticity in oral discourse, and at English language models used in the classroom. These increasingly feature spontaneous speech rather than "careful speech", a difference largely reflected in stress placement and syllable reduction in English speech rhythm: the suprasegmental structure that has its basis in the acoustic prominence and non-prominence of syllables. The notion of authentic acoustic materials for L2 language models figures officially in the French secondary school syllabus, as reported in a publication by the French Inspection générale (2000). The report calls for a systematic effort to dispel opaqueness in the stream of speech. In order to characterize "authentic speech material", we have briefly examined listening strategies in two popular English language workbooks, Bridges 2e and New Missions 2de. We conclude that effective listening involves gradually presenting authentic discourse as a perception model, leading to better assimilation of native or fluent speech.
Systems Dynamics Approach for Modelling South Africa's Response to Covid-19: A “What If” Scenario
Authors: Mutanga Shingirirai Savious , Ngungu Mercy , Tshililo Fhulufhelo Phillis , Kaggwa Martin 
Published: February 2021

Background Many countries in the world are still struggling to control COVID-19 pandemic. As of April 28, 2020, South Africa reported the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Sub- Sahara Africa. The country took aggressive steps to control the spread of the virus including setting a national command team for COVID-19 and putting the country on a complete lockdown for more than 100 days. Evidence across most countries has shown that, it is vital to monitor the progression of pandemics and assess the effects of various public health measures, such as lockdowns. Countries need to have scientific tools to assist in monitoring and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation interventions. The objective of this study was thus to assess the extent to which a systems dynamics model can forecast COVID-19 infections in South Africa and be a useful tool in evaluating government interventions to manage the epidemic through ‘what if’ simulations. Design and methods This study presents a systems dynamics model (SD) of the COVID-19 infection in South Africa, as one of such tools. The development of the SD model in this study is grounded in design science research which fundamentally builds on prior research of modelling complex systems. Results The SD model satisfactorily replicates the general trend of COVID-19 infections and recovery for South Africa within the first 100 days of the pandemic. The model further confirms that the decision to lockdown the country was a right one, otherwise the country's health capacity would have been overwhelmed. Going forward, the model predicts that the level of infection in the country will peak towards the last quarter of 2020, and thereafter start to decline. Conclusions Ultimately, the model structure and simulations suggest that a systems dynamics model can be a useful tool in monitoring, predicting and testing interventions to manage COVID-19 with an acceptable margin of error. Moreover, the model can be developed further to include more variables as more facts on the COVID-19 emerge.
[Red-crested pochard, <em>Netta rufina</em>, breeding population in Piedmont (North Western Italy)]
Authors: Nebbia Carlo , Gianfranco Alessandria 
Published: February 2021

[The breeding of the Red-crested pochard in Piedmont is known since 2006, when it was first described in a pond near the town of Asti. Data were collected from specific databases and from field observations performed in 3 sites located in the Asti province and 2 sites in the Cuneo province, all of them placed along the Tanaro riversides. A further site is located in the province of Alessandria near the Po river along the border of Lombardy. On the whole, in the time span 2006-2019 the number of breeding pairs increased from 2 to a maximum of 7 per year. A total of 64 females with 326 chicks were recorded (average 5.1/female), June being the most favorable month for reproduction. Results point to the occurrence of a seemingly stable small breeding population. The lack of any kind of legal site protection, the anthropogenic disturbance (hunting, fishing, abandoning wastes), and the loss of the ideal habitat for reproduction are among the critical threats for the maintenance of a vital breeding population. There was a probable case of nest parasitism by Mallard duck, which is seldom observed since the opposite situation seems to be more common.]

[Article in Italian]
Peranan Perempuan Menurut Perjanjian Baru bagi Perkembangan Kepemimpinan Perempuan di dalam Gereja
Authors: Rinukti Nunuk 
Published: February 2021

A woman is more often become second-class citizens in terms of leadership. Although age has become the time of emancipation, however, in some sectors of life, a women have not got the right place and in accordance with nature. This also happens in church life. Many of the rules and procedures that the church does not provide flexibility for women to lead. There are many reasons, such as reasons for prohibiting the biblical text, up to a certain cultural reasons, including certain church culture that has not provided the opportunity for women to lead. Therefore, in this Tulsan authors highlight the role of women in the New Testament for the development of women's leadership in the church.

Abstrak
Perempuan atau wanita lebih sering menjadi warga kelas dua dalam hal kepemimpinan. Walaupun zaman ini telah menjadi zaman emansipasi, namun demikian di beberapa sector kehidupan, perempuan atau wanita belum mendapat tempat yang pas dan sesuai dengan kodratnya. Hal ini juga terjadi di dalam kehidupan bergereja. Banyak peraturan dan tata gereja yang tidak memberikan keleluasan bagi perempuan untuk memimpin. Ada banyak alas an, seperti alas an teks Alkitab yang melarang, sampai alas an budaya tertentu, termasuk budaya gereja tertentu yang belum memberikan kesempatan kepada perempuan untuk memimpin. Oleh karena itu, dalam Tulsan ini penulis menyoroti peranan perempuan dalam Perjanjian Baru demi perkembangan kepemimpinan perempuan di dalam gereja.
Pemimpin yang Melayani Menurut Kisah Para Rasul 6-13
Authors: Winarto Dwi 
Published: February 2021

This paper discussed seven characteristics of leadership that are learned from the characters in Acts 6-13. The method used in this literature research is descriptive and interpretation of the texts in Acts 6-13 relating to Christian leadership. The conclusion obtained is that the characteristics of Christian leadership who serve, namely: have a heart sensitivity (Acts 6: 3-5), attachment to God (Acts 6: 3,5; 6:10; 7:55), have the right motivation for ministry (Acts 8: 38-40), caring for the church (Acts 9:32), able to work together (Acts 11: 23-26), faithful to his calling (Acts 12: 2).

Abstrak
Makalah ini membahas tujuh karakteristik kepemimpinan yang dipelajari dari tokoh-tokoh yang ada di Kisah Para Rasul 6-13. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian literatur ini adalah deskriptif dan interpretasi teks pada Kisah Para Rasul 6-13 yang berkaitan dengan kepemimpnan Kristen. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah karakteristik kepemimpinan Kristen yang melayani, yakni: memiliki kepekaan hati (Kis. 6:3-5), keterpautan kepada Tuhan (Kis. 6:3,5; 6:10; 7:55), memiliki motivasi yang benar terhadap pelayanan (Kis. 8:38-40), kepedulian pada jemaat (Kis. 9:32), mampu bekerjasama (Kis. 11:23-26), setia terhadap panggilannya (Kis. 12:2).
Mengkaji Penerapan Blended Learning Menggunakan Metode Flipped Classroom di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Kristen
Authors: Permana Rizky 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop learning e-learning-based as a solu-tion in improving attitudes, interests, and competence of student learning. The essence of this study is to look for differences between learning competencies before and after the application of-based this method. The results showed a difference and the results of learning competencies were seen from the gain is 1 with high criteria. Thus it can be concluded that the results of the development of learning in blended the method flipped classroom can improve the learning competencies. This finding is the development of the blended learning method of a flipped classroom, a learning method that can be applied in Blended the method flipped classroom can be used as a reference in new learning.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis e-learning sebagai solusi dalam meningkatkan sikap, minat dan kompetensi pembelajaran siswa. Inti dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari perbedaan antara kompetensi belajar sebelum dan sesudah penerapan berbasis metode ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan dan hasil kompetensi belajar dilihat dari gain 1 dengan kriteria tinggi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil pengembangan pembelajaran pada kelas campuran dengan metode membalik kelas dapat meningkatkan kompetensi belajar. Temuan ini merupakan pengembangan dari metode blended learning kelas flipped, metode pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan dalam Blended themethod kelas flipped dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam pembelajaran baru
Menjelajahi Spiritualitas Milenial: Apakah Membaca Alkitab, Berdoa, dan Menghormati Acara di Gereja Menurun?
Authors: Hutagalung Stimson , Ferinia Rolyana 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to see the extent to which the decline in millennial spirituality is mainly seen from the frequency of reading the Bible, sincerity in praying and honoring events in the church. Using, descriptive analysis to see the characteristics of each questionnaire and using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to see the effect of praying on reading the Bible, the effect of praying on respect for services, and the effect of reading the Bible on respecting services. Data obtained through a questionnaire. Using proportional random cluster sampling, there were 386 respondents, namely church members aged 15-25 years in the Adventist Church in Medan and surrounding areas. The resulted of hypothesis testing prove, praying is significantly and positively influenced by reading the Bible, praying is significantly and positively influenced by respect for devotions, and reading the Bible is significantly and positively influenced by respecting devotions.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana penurunan kerohanian milenial terutama dilihat dari kekerapan membaca Alkitab, kesungguhan berdoa dan menghormati acara di gereja. Menggunakan, analisis deskriptif untuk melihat karakteristik setiap kuesiner dan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) untuk melihat pengaruh berdoa terhadap membaca Alkitab, pengaruh berdoa terhadap hormat kepada kebaktian, dan pengaruh membaca Alkitab terhadap hormat kepada kebaktian. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Menggunakan proporsionate random cluster sampling, ada 386 responden yaitu anggota gereja yang berusia 15-25 tahun di Gereja Advent Medan dan sekitarnya. Hasil pengujian hipotesis membuktikan, berdoa secara signifikan dan positif dipengaruhi oleh membaca Alkitab, berdoa secara signifikan dan positif dipengaruhi oleh hormat kepada kebaktian, dan membaca Alkitab secara signifikan dan positif dipengaruhi oleh hormat kepada kebaktian.
L’exégèse protestante des Psaumes et son influence dans les usages militants des réformés
Authors: Dahan Gilbert 
Published: February 2021

Les Psaumes sont constamment utilisés par les huguenots dans les prières collectives et privées, mais aussi dans ce que l’on peut appeler des usages militants : à l’occasion de batailles, de proclamations publiques de la foi, des persécutions religieuses et des martyres. Dès les débuts de la Réforme, les psaumes ont été abondamment commentés et étudiés. L’identification de ces interprétations forment le cœur de notre enquête qui cherche à examiner dans quelle mesure cette exégèse a eu une influence sur les usages militants des fidèles. On tente de répondre à cette question à partir de l’analyse d’œuvres qui, rédigées ou traduites en français (commentaires de Jean Calvin et de Martin Bucer, oraisons d’Augustin Marlorat, paraphrase latine de Moïse Amyraut) ont pu bénéficier d’une certaine diffusion et trouver un écho parmi les réformés.
The Value of Diffusion Weighted MRI in the Detection and Localization of Prostate Cancer among a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Wahid Hiba M.Abdul , Al-Mosawe Ammar M. , Kareem Tara F. , Awn Anas K. , Nayyef Qusay T. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most widely recognized malignancy in men and the second cause of cancer-related mortality encountered in male patients after lung cancer.
Aim of the study: To assess the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and its quantitative measurement, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), in the identification and localization of prostatic cancer compared with T2 weighted image sequence (T2WI).
Type of the study: a prospective analytic study
Patients and methods: forty-one male patients with suspected prostatic cancer were examined by pelvic MRI at the MRI department of the Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical City in Baghdad from September 2017 to September 2018. Thin sections axial T2 and DWI sequences were performed for each patient. Two patients were excluded from the study due to poor image quality (motion artefact). Regions with hypointense signal on T2WI and/or restricted lesion in DWI were determined. The ADC values were measured and the results were registered and sent for biopsy correlation. The sensitivity, specifity, accuracy and other parameters were calculated for T2WI and DWI.
Results: The sensitivity and specifity of T2WI in the detection of prostate cancer was about 76.6% and 77% respectively. These improved to 96% and 88.8% by performing the DWI and measuring the ADC value. The mean ADC value was greatly lower in prostatic cancer (about 650x 10-6 mm2 /s) than in normal prostate parenchyma (about 1250 x10-6 mm2 /s) with significant difference between them (p value about 0.04)
Conclusion: In practice, using diffusion weighted MRI sequence and its ADC quantitative measurement greatly increases tumor detection in patients suspicious to have prostatic cancer and should be routinely used when doing pelvic MRI for patients with high clinical suspicion.
Opening and mining of Pt-Pd-Cu-Ni ores, Nittis-Kumuzhiya-Travyanaya area
Authors: Rogizny Valery , Kulikov Danila , Migachev Igor , Donets Alexander 
Published: February 2021

The paper reviews the mining potential of opening and mining the Nittis-Kumuzhiya-Travyanaya (NKT) area
using conveyor transport, advanced equipment and filling the worked-out area to improve plant capacity and reduce environmental damage to the area. Analysis was performed for a prospective scheme of mining additionally explored areas of Donnaya orebody as well as feasible options of ascending excavation involving selective breaking of thin veins. Results of consolidated geological and economic estimate for NKT reserves to a depth of 500 m are presented. The authors believe that this technology is efficient due to reduced dilution and ore losses, improved miners’ work conditions, lower power and labor costs as well as higher ore throughput.
COVID-19 e modelos de gestão nas micro e pequenas empresas: qual a melhor saída?
Authors: Nascimento Ana Caroline , Do Prado Nágela Bianca , Da Cunha Christiano França 
Published: February 2021

O cenário de pandemia provocado pela Covid-19 gerou impactos negativos em diversos países, sendo um dos maiores desastres dos últimos anos, não estando apenas relacionado com os sistemas de saúde, mas também com a economia. Com isso, as empresas brasileiras foram negativamente atingidas, principalmente as micro e pequenas que possuem grande representatividade no PIB do país e não possuem, em sua maioria, modelos de gestão e programas de gerenciamento de crises estruturados. Diante deste contexto, o presente ensaio teve como objetivo promover uma discussão sobre como os modelos de gestão melhor estruturados influenciam a passagem e a sobrevivência dessa categoria de empresas em momentos de crise e, assim, discorrer sobre a forma em que micros e pequenos empreendimentos poderiam reagir diante da crise provocada pelo Coronavírus. Após um processo composto por buscas de respaldos teóricos já consolidados, reflexões promoveram evidências de que uma possível “saída” para os micros e pequenos empreendimentos é a flexibilização nas tomadas de decisão, as quais deveriam focalizar na compreensão das necessidades dos clientes e em uma maior adesão à tecnologia. ABSTRACTThe pandemic scenario caused by Covid-19 has generated negative impacts in several countries, being one of the biggest disasters in recent years, not only related to health systems, but also to the economy. As a result, Brazilian companies were negatively affected, especially micro and small companies that have a large share of the country's GDP and do not have, usually, structured management models and crisis management programs. In this context, the present essay aimed to promote a discussion on how best structured management models influence the transition and survival of this company’s category in crisis times and, thus, discuss the way in which micro and small enterprises could react to the crisis caused by Coronavirus. After a process composed of searches for consolidated theoretical support, reflections promoted evidence that a possible “way out” for micro and small enterprises is flexibility in their decision making, which should focus on understanding the customers’ needs and on a greater adherence to technology.
Endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms – single-centre results
Authors: Brzegowy Paweł , Polak Jakub , Wnuk Jakub , Łasocha Bartłomiej , Kwinta Borys , Urbanik Andrzej , Popiela Tadeusz J. 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the second most common location of intracerebral aneurysms. Traditionally, they are treated by microsurgical clipping, but with the development of new techniques and devices endovascular embolisation is gaining more importance. The aim of this study was to summarise six years of experience of our department in endovascular treatment of MCA aneurysms.Material and methodsForty patients with 41 MCA aneurysms treated in a single centre were included in this study. Data on patients’ comorbidities, aneurysm morphology, and treatment course were collected, with special emphasis on complications.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in terms of aneurysm morphology between males and females and between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. None of the diseases analysed in the current study were linked with significantly increased risk of SAH. Unruptured aneurysms were significantly more frequently treated by stent-assisted coiling (30.4% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.0388) than were ruptured aneurysms, while ruptured aneurysms were treated more frequently by coiling alone (77.8% vs. 34.8%, p = 0.0062). After an initial course of treatment 63.4% (n = 26) of patients had class I in Raymond-Roy occlusion classification, 22% (n = 9) had class II, and 14.6% (n = 6) had class III. Complications of the procedure were observed in 17.5% (n = 7) of patients: 22.2% (n = 4) with ruptured and 13.6% (n = 3) with unruptured aneurysms.ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of MCA aneurysms is feasible, and our results are convergent with other studies. Ruptured MCA aneurysms may be treated endovascularly with similar effects as unruptured MCA aneurysms. The complication rate of such treatment is low.
Ideología y teoría espacial de la competición en la determinación del sistema de partidos en El Salvador
Authors: Marroquín Willian E. 
Published: February 2021

Se utiliza la ubicación ideológica en el continuum izquierda-derecha para el cálculo de indicadores unidimensionales de polarización, coherencia, superposición y similitud ideológica, los cuales permiten analizar la competencia electoral de los partidos salvadoreños y su fuerza partidaria. Para estos cálculos, se utilizan las fórmulas desarrolladas por Sani y Sartori, complementadas con el cálculo de la similitud por las fórmulas del coseno de Eisen y de pareo simple. Para determinar y analizar la transición de la estructura del sistema de partidos de El Salvador de un modelo de pluralismo moderado a un polarizado, se utilizan los conceptos de sistemas competitivos de Sartori y el análisis de la díada izquierda-derecha de Bobbio. La estructura se determina a partir del método de clustering de Ward. Finalmente, se aplican los resultados al análisis espacial de la competición electoral de los partidos políticos salvadoreños.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 762, 2020: 63-90.
Freedom of Expression, Social Media Censorship, and Property Rights
Authors: Slutskiy Pavel 
Published: February 2021

Sustainable Development Goal 16 stresses the importance of access to information. It is clearly emphasised in target 16.10 —“to ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements”. With social media becoming the default communication platforms, the questions of the extent to which their content moderating models are conducive to the implementation of public access to information and fundamental freedoms are becoming increasingly important. Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr as well as Twitter and other social media platforms have been recently criticised for censorship of user-generated content. This article looks at the controversy surrounding these policies from the property rights perspective —focusing on the role which property rights play in securing the freedom of expression. By recognising the owners’ right to control the legitimately owned property, I conclude that social media are not engaged in “censorship” —they merely exercise property rights. There is a difference between a private platform refusing to carry someone’s ideas on their property and a government prohibiting from speaking on a legitimately owned property.
Keywords: SDG 16.10, freedom of expression, censorship, social media, property rights.