bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Copper-Tungsten-Silver alloy
Authors: Robinson John , Arjunan Arun , Baroutaji Ahmad , Martí Miguel , Tuñón Molina Alberto , Serrano-Aroca Ángel , Pollard Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for antiviral materials that can reduce airborne and surface-based virus transmission. This study aims to propose the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and surrogate modelling for the rapid development and deployment of novel copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-W-Ag) microporous architecture that shows strong antiviral behaviour against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Design/methodology/approach
The research combines selective laser melting (SLM), in-situ alloying and surrogate modelling to conceive the antiviral Cu-W-Ag architecture. The approach is shown to be suitable for redistributed manufacturing by representing the pore morphology through a surrogate model that parametrically manipulates the SLM process parameters: hatch distance (h_d), scan speed (S_s) and laser power (L_p). The method drastically simplifies the three-dimensional (3D) printing of microporous materials by requiring only global geometrical dimensions solving current bottlenecks associated with high computed aided design data transfer required for the AM of porous materials.

Findings
The surrogate model developed in this study achieved an optimum parametric combination that resulted in microporous Cu-W-Ag with average pore sizes of 80 µm. Subsequent antiviral evaluation of the optimum architecture showed 100% viral inactivation within 5 h against a biosafe enveloped ribonucleic acid viral model of SARS-CoV-2.

Research limitations/implications
The Cu-W-Ag architecture is suitable for redistributed manufacturing and can help reduce surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further optimisation may improve the virus inactivation time.

Practical implications
The study was extended to demonstrate an open-source 3D printed Cu-W-Ag antiviral mask filter prototype.

Social implications
The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new and unpredictable challenges where redistributed manufacturing of 3D printed antiviral materials can achieve rapid solutions.

Originality/value
The papers present for the first time a methodology to digitally conceive and print-on-demand a novel Cu-W-Ag alloy that shows high antiviral behaviour against SARS-CoV-2.
Benchmarking corporate water reporting in emerging economies: the case of Peru
Authors: Bunclark Lisa Annita , Scott Gregory J. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a framework to examine corporate water reporting (CWR) that considers the context in emerging economies and determine if and how companies are addressing the distinct water-related challenges and opportunities that they face in any given location.

Design/methodology/approach
This study combines a concise profile of the context of water resources management in Peru with a review of CWR guidelines and thematic content analysis of water information in sustainability reports for 34 companies operating in Peru. These data are then used to inform the development of a CWR typology via the use of a cluster analysis complemented by within-case and cross-case qualitative analysis of companies.

Findings
This study highlights the incomplete nature of most CWR practices of companies in Peru, with an emphasis on internal firm operations. Where companies do provide information on water risk and stakeholder engagement, there is insufficient detail to provide a clear picture of contributions to sustainable water management at the local level. The main drivers for CWR in Peru appear to be pressure from international markets, regulation and other normative issues.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that companies need to place more emphasis on the local context when reporting on water risks and activities, which could be achieved through the use of CWR frameworks that integrate both international and sectoral CWR guidelines, along with indicators related to good water governance, water, sanitation and hygiene service delivery and the sustainable development goals, as together they provide a more comprehensive reflection of the broader challenges and opportunities related to corporate water management.

Originality/value
This paper presents the first framework specifically developed to evaluate CWR practices with consideration of the context of an emerging economy.
Are leaf, stem and hydraulic traits good predictors of individual tree growth?
Authors: Rosas Teresa , Mencuccini Maurizio , Batlles Carles , Regalado Íngrid , Saura‐Mas Sandra , Sterck Frank , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A major foundation of trait‐based ecology is that traits have an impact on individual performance. However, trait–growth relationships have not been extensively assessed in trees, especially outside tropical ecosystems. In addition, measuring traits directly related to physiological processes remains difficult and the differences between inter‐ and intraspecific relationships are seldom explored.

Here, we use individual‐level data on a set of hydraulic, leaf and stem traits to assess their ability to predict basal area increment (BAI) and growth efficiency (BAI per unit of tree leaf area, GE) among and within species for six dominant tree species along a water availability gradient under Mediterranean climate (Catalonia, NE Spain). Measured traits include: leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen concentration (N), leaf C isotopic composition (δ13C), the leaf water potential at turgor loss (Ptlp), stem wood density (WD) and branch‐level estimates of the Huber value (Hv), sapwood‐ and leaf‐specific hydraulic conductivity (KS and KL) and resistance to xylem embolism (P50).

Trait–growth associations were generally weak, particularly for BAI and within species. High values of both growth metrics were associated with ‘conservative’ leaf and hydraulic traits. In particular, BAI was negatively associated with KL (and wood density), while GE increased with LMA, allocation to sapwood relative to leaves (Hv) and resistance to xylem embolism (P50). Climate effects on BAI and GE were indirectly mediated by changes in traits, stand structure and tree basal area. Overall, these results suggest that maintaining functionality over extended periods of time may be more important than maximum gas exchange or hydraulic capacity to achieve high radial growth under Mediterranean climates.

Our study reveals that widely used ‘functional traits’ may be poor predictors of tree growth variability along environmental gradients. Moreover, trait effects (when present) do not necessarily conform to simple hypotheses based on our understanding of organ‐level processes. An improved understanding of trait coordination along common axes of variation together with a revaluation of the variables that better reflect whole‐tree performance can greatly improve our understanding of trait–growth relationships.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study
Authors: Yavuz Sinem , Isaenkov Roman , Pevzner Roman , Gurevich Boris , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Yurikov Alexey , Correa Julia , Wood Todd , Freifeld Barry 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTime‐lapse seismic reservoir monitoring is used as a way to gain insight into subsurface processes. Yet, the application of standard 4D technology onshore faces challenges, such as high cost, significant environmental footprint and, consequently, relatively infrequent surveys. As part of the Otway Project Stage 3 CO2 injection study, continuous automated borehole‐based monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing has been paired with permanently deployed surface sources, referred to as surface orbital vibrators, as a way to monitor the spreading CO2 plume. The injection of 15,000 tonnes of CO2 in a saline reservoir at a depth of 1550 m is monitored using five boreholes instrumented with enhanced sensitivity fibre optic cables and nine surface orbital vibrators, creating an array of 45 well–source pairs. The data are processed with an offset vertical seismic profiling processing workflow developed to address key challenges of the continuous distributed acoustic sensing acquisition using surface orbital vibrators. The processing flow includes deconvolution with a source sweep recorded by a pilot geophone installed below the surface orbital vibrators. A second deconvolution with a wavelet estimated from direct arrivals compensates for the difference between distributed acoustic sensing measurements and the pilot geophone as well as near‐surface variations. Image quality is noted to be best for short offsets and decreases with increasing offsets and well deviations. As surface orbital vibrators generate unique sweeps in two rotation directions, further processing is applied to stack these rotation signals together, which further improves the images. The resulting 2D transects of each well–source pair visually provide good illumination of the subsurface, suggesting continuous monitoring of the spreading CO2 plume should be possible with some further tuning of the processing workflow for time‐lapse repeatability.
Validamycin treatment significantly inhibits the glycometabolism and chitin synthesis in the common cutworm,Spodoptera litura
Authors: Yu Hai‐Zhong , Zhang Qin , Lu Zhan‐Jun , Deng Ming‐Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractValidamycin, as a broadly applied antibiotic, has been used to control rice sheath blight disease. Furthermore, validamycin was considered as an insecticide to control agricultural pests. Insight into the mechanism of validamycin's action on insects can provide molecular targets for the control of agricultural pests. In this study, a toxicological test analysis revealed thatSpodoptera lituralarval growth and development was significantly inhibited and the pupation rate was significantly reduced with the increase of the concentration of validamycin. According to the NMR‐based metabolomic analysis, a total of 15 metabolites involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathways were identified. Additionally, trehalase activities, glucose and chitin contents were significantly downregulated, but the trehalose content was upregulated after exposure to validamycin. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of genes involved in glycolysis, TCA and chitin synthesis were upregulated after treating with validamycin. Further chitin staining also confirmed that chitin content was downregulated at 12 h after validamycin treatment. Our results indicated that validamycin worked via two different molecular mechanisms, one through inhibiting glycometabolism and the other by inhibiting chitin synthesis inS. litura. The information lays a theoretical foundation for further control ofS. litura.
Integration of social media with targeted emails and in‐person outreach for exception from informed consent community consultation
Authors: Hsu Cindy H. , Fowler Jennifer , Cranford James A. , Thomas Michael P. , Neumar Robert W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundException from informed consent (EFIC) enables the enrollment of research subjects with emergent conditions to clinical trials without prior consent. EFIC study approval requires community consultation and public disclosure. We hypothesized that the integration of social media with targeted emails and in‐person outreach is an effective community consultation strategy.MethodsWe utilized social media with targeted emails and in‐person outreach for the community consultation of the ACCESS cardiac arrest trial. Study advertisements were disseminated using Facebook and Instagram, and targeted emails were sent to emergency medicine, prehospital, and cardiology providers. We also interviewed at‐risk individuals with cardiac conditions, their caretakers, and patient advocacy groups. Participants were asked to complete a survey about their opinions about the study.ResultsWe collected 559 surveys over an 8‐week period, and 70.5% of the surveys were obtained using social media. The median (IQR) age of survey respondents was 44 (33‐57) years; 89.9% were White and 60.1% were women. A total of 91.3% believed ACCESS was an important study. Compared to the in‐person group, more from social media (81.8% vs. 63.3%, p < 0.05) and targeted email (77.4% vs. 63.3%, p < 0.05) groups said they would include their loved ones in the study. More from the in‐person group believed that their opinion would be considered seriously compared to the social media (75.9% vs. 62.6%, p < 0.05) and targeted email (75.9% vs. 54.5%, p < 0.05) groups. The incorporation of social media and targeted emails for community consultation reduced the cost per survey by fourfold compared to an in‐person–only strategy.ConclusionsThe integration of social media with targeted emails and in‐person outreach was a feasible and cost‐saving approach for EFIC community consultation. Future work is necessary to determine the perception and best utilization of social media for community consultation.
Untangling the influences of fire, habitat and introduced predators on the endangered heath mouse
Authors: Nalliah Rachel , Sitters Holly , Smith Amy , Di Stefano Julian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobally, species extinctions are driven by multiple interacting factors including altered fire regimes and introduced predators. In flammable ecosystems, there is great potential to use fire for animal conservation, however most fire‐based conservation strategies do not explicitly consider interacting factors. In this study, we sought to understand the interrelationships between the endangered heath mouse Pseudomys shortridgei, fire, resource availability and the introduced fox Vulpes vulpes in southeast Australia. We predicted that heath‐mouse relative abundance would respond indirectly to post‐fire age class (recently burnt; 0–3 years since fire, early; 4–9 years, mid; 10–33 years and late; 34–79 years) via the mediating effects of resources (shrub cover and plant‐group diversity) and fox relative abundance. We used structural equation modelling to determine the strength of hypothesized pathways between variables, and mediation analysis to detect indirect effects. Both the cover of shrubs (0–50 cm from the ground) and fox relative abundance were associated with post‐fire age class. Shrub cover was highest 0–9 years after fire, while fox relative abundance was highest in recently burnt vegetation (0–3 years after fire). Heath mice were positively correlated with shrub cover and plant‐group diversity, and negatively correlated with fox relative abundance. We did not detect a direct relationship between heath mice and post‐fire age class, but they were indirectly associated with age class via its influence on both shrub cover and fox relative abundance. Our findings suggest that heath mice will benefit from a fire regime promoting dense shrub regeneration in combination with predator control. Understanding the indirect effects of fire on animals may help to identify complementary management practices that can be applied concurrently to benefit vulnerable species. Analytical and management frameworks that include multiple drivers of species abundance and explicitly recognize the indirect effects of fire regimes will assist animal conservation.
Faith leaders’ perceptions of needle exchange programs in the rural Illinois Delta Region: Religion as a social determinant of health
Authors: Grundy Stacy A. , Mozelewski Sasha R. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Lee Minjee , Levin Bruce L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite increasing drug use in rural communities, potentially life‐saving harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange programs (NEPs), remain underutilized. Religion is an integral component of the rural culture that has been shown to influence health, yet no studies to date have explored rural faith leaders’ perceptions of harm reduction strategies.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was conducted among rural faith leaders (n = 133) in the rural Illinois Delta Region.ResultsWhile most of the respondents felt that drug abuse was an issue in their communities, support was mixed regarding whether they were in favor of NEPs with the majority of respondents having never heard of an NEP before this survey. While the majority believed that NEPs would help decrease bloodborne disease transmission, it was also perceived that NEPs would increase drug use. Significant differences in perceptions based on race, marital status, and political party also exist.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceCongruent with previous harm reduction literature, many rural faith leaders have varied perceptions of NEPs. Rural faith leaders could benefit from education about NEPs, including the possible positive and negative impacts they can have on the community. Future studies should explore contextual differences among rural faith leaders. To date, no studies have examined faith‐based organizations’ perceptions of NEPs. The findings have the potential to increase the current body of knowledge and provide data to support recommendations for engaging faith‐based organizations in behavioral health service delivery.
Reproductive and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer in women with previous cesarean section: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Riemma Gaetano , De Franciscis Pasquale , Torella Marco , Narciso Giuliana , La Verde Marco , Morlando Maddalena , Cobellis Luigi , Colacurci Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCesarean section affects subsequent spontaneous pregnancies because of implantation issues. However, its impact on post‐embryo transfer pregnancies is still debated. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of a previous cesarean section on fertility and pregnancy outcomes of women undergoing fresh or frozen embryo transfer.Material and methodsMEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scielo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library at the CENTRAL, and LILACS were searched from inception to February 2021. Studies were included if they evaluated reproductive or pregnancy outcomes after fresh or frozen embryo transfer in infertile women with a previous cesarean section relative to women with a previous vaginal delivery. Random‐effect meta‐analyses to calculate risk ratio (RR) or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) followed by subgroup analysis for fresh and frozen embryo transfer were performed. Risk of bias and quality assessment were conducted using Newcastle–Ottawa scale and GRADE criteria. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021226297).ResultsTen studies, with data provided for 13 696 participants, were eligible. For embryo transfers after cesarean section, compared with vaginal delivery, there was a significant reduction of the live birth rate (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.99) and biochemical pregnancy rate (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.96). No statistically significant differences were found for clinical pregnancy rate (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84–1.02), ectopic pregnancies (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68–1.46), pregnancy loss (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.94–1.18), multiple pregnancies (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63–1.02), stillbirths (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.27–2.69), birth defects (RR 1.71, 95% CI 0.49–5.96) or birthweight (mean difference 46.82, 95% CI −40.16 to 133.80). Subgroup analysis revealed an increased risk for preterm birth in post‐cesarean section fresh embryo transfer pregnancies (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.19).ConclusionsLow‐grade evidence shows that post‐embryo transfer pregnancies in infertile women who had a previous cesarean delivery result in reduced biochemical pregnancy and live birth rates relative to women with a previous vaginal delivery. An increased risk for preterm birth is notable in post‐fresh embryo transfer pregnancies.
Supporting doctors' well‐being and resilience during COVID‐19: A framework for rapid and rigorous intervention development
Authors: Gibson Smith Kathrine , Cunningham Kathryn B. , Cecil Joanne E. , Laidlaw Anita , Cairns Patrick , Scanlan Gillian M. , Tooman Tricia R. , Aitken Gill , Ferguson Julie , Gordon Lisi , Johnston Peter W. , Pope Lindsey , Wakeling Judy , Walker Kim A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to outline the development of a theoretically informed and evidence‐based intervention strategy to underpin interventions to support the well‐being of doctors during COVID‐19 and beyond; delineate new ways of working were employed to ensure a rapid and rigorous process of intervention development and present the resulting novel framework for intervention development. The research comprised four workstreams: literature review (WS1), qualitative study (WS2), intervention development and implementation (WS3) and evaluation (WS4). Due to time constraints, we employed a parallel design for WS1–3 with the findings of WS1–2 informing WS3 on a continual basis. WS3 was underpinned by the Behaviour Change Wheel. We recruited expert panels to assist with intervention development. We reflected on decisions taken to facilitate the rapid yet rigorous process of intervention development. The empirical output was a theoretically informed and evidence‐based intervention strategy to underpin interventions to support doctors' well‐being during COVID‐19 and beyond. The methodological output was a novel framework that facilitates rapid and rigorous development of interventions. The intervention strategy provides a foundation for development and evaluation of tailored interventions to support doctors' well‐being. The novel framework provides guidance for the development of interventions where the situation demands a rapid yet rigorous development process.
Where are the children? An autoethnography of deception in dementia in an acute hospital
Authors: Hodge Gary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn acute hospital environment is a confusing place for many patients requiring admission, especially when they are presenting as acutely unwell. This can be particularly difficult for people living with dementia. As cognition changes it is not uncommon for people living with dementia to have difficulties with their ability to orientate to time, place and person. These disorientating moments can lead to personal distress, and at times behavioural changes. As well as being distressing for the person living with dementia, it can also be emotionally and ethically challenging for acute hospital staff, including nurses. One area found to be particularly challenging is the concept of whether actively engaging with a person living with dementia's living truth is deceitful. This raises further questions of what forms of nurse responses to temporal disorientation might be constituted as lying, colluding, or alternatively validating. This article uses autoethnography as a research methodology with which to explore a mental health nurse's lived experience of the challenges of responding truthfully to disorientation and distress in an acute hospital. This article is not attempting to offer conclusive answers to these challenging ethical questions. It is instead re‐opening and re‐visiting the discourse of what is truth in dementia from a personal and professional nurse perspective through a lived narrative. The conclusion to the concept of truth in dementia is complex, nuanced and individualized. However, it is essential that a nurse's response to disorientation and distress is always person and living present focused, and not lie focused.