bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term railway passenger demand forecast using improved Wasserstein generative adversarial nets and web search terms
Authors: Feng Fenling , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Chengguang , Li Wan , Jiang Qiwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting railway passenger demand is conducive for managers to quickly adjust strategies. It is time‐consuming and expensive to collect large‐scale traffic data. With the digitization of railway tickets, a large amount of user data has been accumulated. We propose a method to predict railway passenger demand using web search terms data. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, we improved Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets (WGAN), which were good at generating and identifying data, by adding a predictor and supervised learning adversarial training to predict railway passenger demand. The improved WGAN could generate virtual data to expand real data, and use parallel data to predict railway passenger demand. We used search times of web search terms on different devices as training data to predict railway passenger demand in Beijing. The results show that the change in demand for railway passenger lags behind the change in the data of web search terms by one month. It is suitable for forecasting in advance. Compared with other forecasting methods, the improved WGAN performance is better, and the mean absolute percentage error is 1.98%. Because it can use mixed data for training and prediction, it has stronger adaptability when data scale decreases.
Time‐domain characterisation of epoxy‐based barium titanate nanocomposites
Authors: Zafar Romana , Gupta Nandini 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, the dielectric response of epoxy resin and epoxy‐based barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanocomposites is characterised in the time‐domain, based on polarisation and depolarisation current measurements. The aim of this article is to understand the dominant polarisation mechanisms in neat epoxy and its nanocomposites and validate the findings in frequency‐domain spectroscopy (FDS). The effect of various parameters on the dielectric response of the material is investigated to this end, namely, polarisation–depolarisation time, electrode material, electric field and specimen thickness. The effect of pre‐processing the nano‐particles before use is also studied. In order to validate the findings of FDS, time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS) of neat epoxy and its nanocomposites is performed.
Differenzialdiagnostik der pulmonalen Hypertonie am Beispiel der Kollagenose assoziierten PAH im Kontext chronischer Lungen- und Linksherzerkrankungen
Authors: Leuchte H. H. , Halank M. , Held M. , Borst M. , Ewert R. , Klose H. , Lange T. J. , Meyer F. J. , Skowasch D. , Wilkens H. , Seyfarth H.-J. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) ist eine regelmäßige Komplikation von Kollagenosen und wird zudem im Zusammenhang mit Lungen- und Linksherzerkrankungen diagnostiziert. Die korrekte Differenzierung und Klassifikation der PH ist essenziell, um Therapien möglichst zielgerichtet einsetzen zu können und ein Vorenthalten von wichtigen Therapien ebenso zu vermeiden wie eine Übertherapie.Bei den Kollagenosen umfasst die Differenzialdiagnostik und Klassifikation die Differenzierung innerhalb der assoziierten pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie (APAH) Gruppe 1, aber auch, Klassifikationsgruppen übergreifend, die Gruppe 2 (mit führender linkskardialer Beteiligung), Gruppe 3 (mit führender parenchymatöser Lungenerkrankung), Gruppe 4 (chronisch thromboembolische PH) und letztlich die Gruppe 5 (z. B. bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz und Dialysepflicht). Ähnliches trifft auch auf die zunehmend älteren Patienten zu, die mit einer PAH diagnostiziert werden und Komorbiditäten aufweisen, die entweder selbst eine PH hervorrufen können oder als Komorbiditäten einer echten PAH auftreten. Die abnehmende Trennschärfe zwischen den einzelnen PH-Gruppen erschwert die korrekte Klassifikation und stellt eine große klinische Herausforderung dar. Auf dem Boden unterschiedlicher klinischer Szenarien wird im vorliegenden Artikel die Differenzialdiagnostik der PH sowohl bei Kollagenosen als auch bei chronischen Linksherz- und Lungenerkrankungen aufgearbeitet und objektive Kriterien vorgestellt, die diese Differenzierung erleichtern.
Is Mental Stress the Primary Cause of Glaucoma?
Authors: Sabel Bernhard A. , Lehnigk Luisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of going blind is very stressful for patients diagnosed with “glaucoma”. Worries and fear of losing independence is a constant mental burden, with secondary risks of depression and social isolation. But stress is not only a result of glaucoma but also a possible cause (risk factor). This should not be surprising, given that chronic stress can trigger “psychosomatic” organ dysfunctions anywhere in the body. Why should the organ “eye” be an exception? Indeed, glaucoma patients often suspect that severe emotional stress caused their visual field loss or “foggy vision”. The hypothesis that stress is a possible cause of glaucoma is supported by different observations: (i) acute and chronic stress increases intraocular pressure and (ii) long-term stress can lead to vascular dysregulation of the microcirculation in the eye and brain (“Flammerʼs syndrome”), leading to partial hypoxia and hypoglycaemia (hypo-metabolism). Even if nerve cells do not die, they may then
become inactive (“silent” neurons). (iii) Degenerative changes have been reported in the brain of glaucoma patients, affecting not only anterograde or transsynaptic areas of the central visual pathway, but degeneration is also found (iv) in brain areas involved in emotional appraisal and the physiological regulation of stress hormones. There are also psychological hints indicating that stress is a cause of glaucoma: (v) Glaucoma patients with Flammerʼs syndrome show typical personality traits that are associated with low stress resilience: they often have cold hands or feet, are ambitious (professionally successful), perfectionistic, obsessive, brooding and worrying a lot. (vi) If stress hormone levels and inflammation parameters are reduced in glaucoma patients by relaxation with meditation, this correlates with normalisation of intraocular pressure, and yet another clue is that (vii) visual field improvements after non-invasive current stimulation therapy, that are
known to improve circulation and neuronal synchronisation, are much most effective in patients with stress resilient personalities. An appreciation of stress as a “cause” of glaucoma suggests that in addition to standard therapy (i) stress reduction through relaxation techniques should be recommended (e.g. meditation), and (ii) self-medication compliance should not be induced by kindling anxiety and worries with negative communication (“You will go blind!”), but communication should be positive (“The prognosis is optimistic”).
Screening for upper gastrointestinal cancers with magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy: a feasibility study
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Jing , Ji Chao-Ran , Chen Fei-Xue , Liu Fu-Guo , Ge Jian , Chen Yong , Sun Xue-Guo , Lu Yan-Yan , Cheng Gui-Hua , Zhang Jie , Li Peng , Liu Ji-Yong , Yang Chong-Mei , Zuo Xiu-Li , Li Yan-Qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The medical consortium is an intensive and disease-specific association that integrates tertiary public hospitals and medical examination centers in China. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the medical consortium for screening upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (MCSC) by magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG).
Methods 6627 asymptomatic subjects underwent MCCG as part of health check-ups in the MCSC between March and November 2018. Relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed.
Results The MCSC detected 32 patients with upper GI cancer (0.48 %) confirmed by pathology. The detection rate of early gastric cancer was 16.67 % (4 /24). Gastric polyps, ulcers, and submucosal tumors were found in 15.54 %, 3.76 %, and 3.17 % of subjects, respectively. The whole GI preparation and operation process were well tolerated.
Conclusions The MCSC was a feasible model for upper GI cancer screening, especially for asymptomatic subjects. Further prospective studies with better operational quality control are warranted.
Insulinbedarf und Glukosehomöostase bei Menschen nach partieller und totaler Pankreatektomie im Vergleich zu Menschen mit anderen Diabetesformen
Authors: Quast Daniel Robert , Breuer Thomas Georg Karl , Nauck Michael Albrecht , Janot-Matuschek Monika , Uhl Waldemar , Meier Juris Jendrik 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Pankreasresektionen werden bei schwerwiegenden Pankreaserkrankungen durchgeführt. Bei Komplikationen einer chronischen Pankreatitis, teilweise jedoch auch bei Raumforderungen, kann eine Pankreasteilresektion sinnvoll sein. Eine totale Pankreatektomie führt zum absoluten Insulinmangel und der Notwendigkeit einer Insulintherapie. Bei Teilresektionen (partielle Pankreatektomie) werden weniger gravierende Konsequenzen für den Glukosemetabolismus erwartet. Es ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Insulinregime nach Pankreatektomie mit denen anderer Diabetesformen zu vergleichen.
Material und Methodik Es wurden Patientencharakteristika und Details der postoperativen Insulintherapie von pankreasoperierten Patienten einer spezialisierten Universitätsklinik für Viszeralchirurgie ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden mit Kohorten nicht operierter Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes (T1DM; absoluter Insulinmangel) bzw. Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM; Insulinresistenz und relativer Insulinmangel), jeweils unter Insulintherapie, verglichen. Ergänzt wurde diese Datenanalyse durch eine Literaturrecherche zu den Stichworten „pancreatogenic diabetes“, „type 3c diabetes“ und „pancreatectomy diabetes“.
Ergebnisse Daten von 32 (68,8 % Frauenanteil) bzw. 41 (43,9 % Frauenanteil) Patienten nach totaler bzw. partieller Pankreatektomie wurden analysiert. Vor der totalen Pankreatektomie hatten 56,3 % der Patienten einen Diabetes mellitus, postoperativ bestand bei allen Patienten eine Insulinpflichtigkeit. Dabei waren die Insulindosierungen im Vergleich mit Patienten mit T1DM (unter intensivierter Insulintherapie) signifikant niedriger (p < 0,0001). Die Dosierungen von Basal- (48,6 % weniger) und Mahlzeiteninsulin (38,1 % weniger) waren gleichermaßen betroffen. Eine partielle Pankreatektomie führte deutlich seltener zu einem Diabetes mellitus, und eine Insulintherapie war nur bei 26,8 % der Patienten erforderlich.
Diskussion Der basale und prandiale Insulinbedarf nach Pankreatektomie ist niedriger als bei einem T1DM und einem T2DM. Dies sollte bei der Blutzuckereinstellung nach Pankreatektomie berücksichtigt werden.
Hyperurikämie, Gicht und Herz – eine kritische Diskussion im Licht der aktuellen Literatur
Authors: Christoph Marian , Schön Steffen , Wunderlich Carsten 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Patienten mit Hyperurikämie und insbesondere mit symptomatischer Hyperurikämie, einer Gicht, kardiovaskuläre Risikopatienten sind. Bei symptomatischer Hyperurikämie sollte nach aktuellen Leitlinien eine harnsäuresenkende Therapie mit Zielwert-Erreichung eingeleitet werden. Darüber hinaus sind die Diagnose und optimale Therapie der klassischen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren von besonderer Bedeutung.
Endovascular Treatment in the Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Series of 29 Patients
Authors: Gatto Luana Antunes Maranha , Seabra Diego do Monte Rodrigues , Zenatti Gabriel Angelo Garute , Frose Letícia , Koppe Gelson Luis , Demartini Zeferino 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubclavian steal syndrome is a group of symptoms resulting from retrograde flow in the vertebral artery, “stealing” blood from the posterior intracranial circulation and other territories, caused by stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the same vertebral artery, or even of the brachiocephalic trunk. Most of the time, it is an incidental finding in patients with other conditions or cerebrovascular risk factors. We report a series of 29 patients with an angiographic diagnosis, in which 7 received treatment (all endovascular), all with symptoms directly related to this condition. Advanced age, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and stroke were comorbidities frequently related. Six patients improved completely after the procedure and one remained with vertigo.
Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Deformity Correction in the Upper Cervical Spine: A Technical Note
Authors: Al Barim Bilal , Müther Michael , Schipmann Stephanie , Stummer Walter , Schwake Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Kyphosis is the most common deformity of the cervical spine leading to development of severe disabilities. In case of fused kyphosis, surgical treatment can be demanding and often requires multiple-step procedures for adequate correction. We present a technique of single-stage pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) of C3 to treat a patient with fused kyphosis of C2 and C3 causing spinal stenosis with subsequent myelopathy.
Methods A 53-year-old man presented with progressive myelopathy not able to walk with 6/18 points on the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale. Horizontal gaze was lost due to cervical kyphosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cervical kyphosis causing stenosis, cord compression, and kinking; computed tomography (CT) showed substantial anterior and posterior fusion of C2 and C3.
Results Surgery included decompression via laminectomy of C2 to C6 in combination with PSO of C3 and additional dorsal instrumentation of C2 to C6. Cervical spinal alignment was corrected, as the C2–C4 Cobb angle was reduced from 48.9 to 20.6 degrees. Horizontal gaze was restored. Postoperative MRI demonstrated full decompression of the cord without kinking of the vertebral arteries. No complications were noted. The patient recovered well with restoration of his ability to walk.
Conclusion Single-stage pedicle subtraction closing wedge osteotomy in the upper cervical spine, although a demanding surgical procedure, is an alternative treatment option in selected cases of fused and severe cervical kyphosis. In contrast to multiple-step approaches, the single-stage procedure could reduce operating time and may thus decrease complications.
Predictors of Intraoperative Aneurysm Rupture, Aneurysm Remnant, and Brain Ischemia following Microsurgical Clipping of Intracranial Aneurysms: Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Świątnicki Wojciech , Szymański Jarosław , Szymańska Anna , Komuński Piotr 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Complete microsurgical clip occlusion of an aneurysm is one of the most important challenges in cerebrovascular surgery. Incorrect position of clip blades as well as intraoperative aneurysm rupture can expose the patient to serious complications such as rebleeding in case of aneurysm remnant and cerebral ischemia in case of occlusion of branching arteries or perforators. The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors of surgery-derived complications (aneurysm remnant and brain ischemia) as well as intraoperative aneurysm rupture in an institutional series of patients.
Material and Methods This is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study including 147 patients with 162 aneurysms that were selected for microsurgical clipping due to intracranial aneurysm in a 5-year period. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors among demographic, clinical, and radiographic factors.
Results Increasing aneurysm size with a cutoff value at 9 mm (p = 0.009; odds ratio [OR]: 0.644) and irregular dome shape (p = 0.003; OR: 4.242) were independently associated with brain ischemia and aneurysm remnants that occurred in 13.6 and 17.3% of patients in our group, respectively. Intraoperative rupture was encountered in 27% of patients and its predictors were patient's age (p = 0.002; OR: 1.073) and increasing aneurysm size with a cutoff value at 7 mm (p = 0.003; OR: 1.205).
Conclusion Aneurysm size, patient's age, and irregular dome shape were the most important risk factors of aneurysm remnant, brain ischemia, and intraoperative aneurysm rupture in our series of patients. We were not able to define a cutoff value for patient's age, but our results showed that with increasing age the risk of intraoperative aneurysm rupture increased.
Distribution of Underlying Causative Organisms, Patient Age, and Survival in Spontaneous spondylodiscitis with Special Focus on Elderly Patients
Authors: Lackermair Stephan , Egermann Hannes , Müller Adolf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective spondylodiscitis is becoming a more frequently encountered diagnosis in our clinical practice. Multimorbid and especially older patients build up a relevant portion of cases. The goal of our study was to evaluate our clinical data and to reveal specifics concerning elderly patients with spontaneous spondylodiscitis.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data for the years from 2012 to 2014. The search was conducted on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnoses for spondylodiscitis. Postoperative infections were not included in this study. All cases were evaluated in terms of infectious agents (in blood culture and/or computerized tomography [CT]-guided or surgical biopsy), age, and overall survival.
Results Fifty-one patients with spontaneous spondylodiscitis were identified. The most frequent pathogen was methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; n = 21; 41.17%). Escherichia coli and S. epidermidis were each found in four patients each (7.84%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. hominis were found in three cases (5.88%). Other bacteria were found in one case (each 1.96 %). In 12 cases, there was no bacteria growth (23.53%). One of these patients revealed to have a tuberculosis infection, diagnosed after the study period (in 2015). Two-thirds of the patients were ≥65 years old (n = 34). All three patients with MRSA were >65 years old. Three of seven patients <50 years had IV drug abuse (42.86%). In these patients, rather rare infectious agents for spondylodiscitis were found (P. aeruginosa, S. hominis, Citrobacter). Mortality was 7.84% (n = 4). All of these patients were ≥67 years old, three of four (75%) were ≥75 years old.
Conclusion Our study of spontaneous spondylodiscitis showed a stronger representation of older patients (>65 years). Lethal outcome exclusively concerned the older age group. S. aureus was the most frequent pathogen as shown previously. MRSA infections might be more common in the older age group. Rare causative organisms mainly occurred in patients with iv drug abuse. Further evaluation through randomized multicenter studies focusing on the different subgroups and comorbidities in larger populations and correlation with appropriate treatment options is necessary.
A Supplemental Technique for Preoperative Evaluation of Giant Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Wang Hua-wei , Wu Chen , Xue Zhe , Shu Xu-jun , Sun Zheng-hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Preoperative planning mainly relies on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and computed tomography angiography. However, neither technique can reveal thrombi in giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the circulating and noncirculating parts of GIAs with the time-of-flight (TOF) and motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (MSDE) sequences with 3D Slicer to reveal an integrated presentation of GIAs, compare its accuracy, and validate the usefulness for preoperative planning.
Material and Methods Patients with GIAs who were treated with microsurgery in our department were included in this study. Both the TOF and MSDE sequence data for each patient were loaded into 3D Slicer for reconstruction and segmentation. The parameters measured by 3D Slicer were compared with those measured by DSA.
Results The mean diameter for all GIAs was 28.7 ± 1.5 mm (range, 25.9–31.9 mm). The mean diameter for all GIAs measured by DSA and 3D Slicer was 24.46 ± 5.25 and 28.66 ± 1.48 mm, respectively (t = 4.948, p < 0.01). When only the nonthrombotic GIAs were included, the mean diameter measured by DSA and 3D Slicer was 28.69 ± 2.03 and 28.97 ± 1.79 mm, respectively (t = 1.023, p = 0.323). The mean aneurysmal volume was 8,292.6 ± 1,175.1 mm3 and the mean thrombotic volume was 3,590.0 ± 1,003.7 mm3.
Conclusion The MSDE sequence brings diagnostic benefits as a comparison to other MRI sequences. Reconstruction of GIAs with 3D Slicer is a low-cost, dependable, and useful supplemental technique for surgical planning.
Expectant Management of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Late Preterm Pregnancy and Subsequent Cholecystitis: Lessons Learned
Authors: Mokhtari Neggin B. , Drassinower Daphnie , Orr Lindsey A. , Cobb Nathan K. , Mims Oscar L. , Landy Helain J. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020, research and guidance have been published with regard to the management of infection and considerations in pregnancy, but much is still unknown. Pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are more likely to be hospitalized and are at increased risk for intensive care unit admissions and intubation than nonpregnant women with COVID-19 infection. The optimal timing of delivery among pregnant women with COVID-19 infection has not been established at this time, especially when the infection arises in late preterm and early term gestation. It is suggested that COVID-19 infection should not be considered a sole indication for delivery. The risks and benefits of prolonging pregnancy versus delivery should be taken into consideration at any given gestational age in a patient with COVID-19 infection.
Case Report We report a case of a patient in the late third trimester of pregnancy that presented with severe COVID-19 infection and was managed expectantly through her disease course with improvement of respiratory status without necessitating delivery. We also discuss the unique development of cholecystitis in her hospitalization that may represent another clinical association to COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion This case illustrates that delaying delivery is an option even in later gestational ages for maternal stabilization. A multidisciplinary approach and teamwork is needed to manage pregnant women with COVID-19 infection for optimal outcomes for both mother and fetus.
Key Points
A Brief Review of Brain's Blood Flow–Metabolism Coupling and Pressure Autoregulation
Authors: Papasilekas Themistoklis , Themistoklis Konstantinos Michail , Melanis Konstantinos , Patrikelis Panayiotis , Spartalis Eleftherios , Korfias Stefanos , Sakas Damianos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The human brain, depending on aerobic glycolysis to cover its metabolic needs and having no energy reserves whatsoever, relies on a constant and closely regulated blood supply to maintain its structural and functional integrity. Cerebral autoregulation, that is, the brain's intrinsic ability to regulate its own blood flow independently from the systemic blood pressure and cardiac output, is an important physiological mechanism that offers protection from hypoperfusion injury.
Discussion Two major independent mechanisms are known to be involved in cerebral autoregulation: (1) flow–metabolism coupling and (2) myogenic responses of cerebral blood vessels to changes in transmural/arterial pressure. A third, less prominent component of cerebral autoregulation comes in the form of neurogenic influences on cerebral vasculature.
Conclusion Although fragmentation of cerebral autoregulation in separate and distinct from each other mechanisms is somewhat arbitrary, such a scheme is useful for reasons of simplification and to better understand their overall effect. Comprehension of cerebral autoregulation is imperative for clinicians in order for them to mitigate consequences of its impairment in the context of traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or other pathological conditions.