bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Cortisol and Alpha‐Amylase in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Their Potential Role in the Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Schumacher Sarah , Engel Sinha , Niemeyer Helen , Küster Annika , Burchert Sebastian , Skoluda Nadine , Rau Heinrich , Nater Urs M. , Willmund Gerd‐Dieter , Knaevelsrud Christine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlterations in HPA‐axis and autonomic nervous system activity have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development and maintenance and are potentially associated with trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT) outcomes. We examined the role of salivary cortisol (sCort) and alpha‐amylase (sAA) in PTSD and TF‐CBT outcomes in German Armed Forces service members (N = 100). Participants categorized as PTSD patients (n = 39), previously deployed healthy controls (n = 33), and nondeployed healthy controls (n = 28) provided diurnal profiles of sCort and sAA; PTSD patients provided samples before, immediately after, and 3 months after an internet‐based TF‐CBT intervention. No group differences emerged regarding total daily sCort and sAA output or daily slopes, ps = .224–.897, fs = 0.05–0.24. Participants with PTSD demonstrated a significantly attenuated sCort awakening response compared to deployed, p = .021, d = 0.59, but not nondeployed controls, p = .918, d = 0.08. Moreover, a significantly steeper sAA awakening response emerged in PTSD patients, p = .034, d = 0.67, and deployed controls, p = .014, d = 0.80, compared to nondeployed controls. From pretreatment to posttreatment (n = 21) and posttreatment to follow‐up (n = 14), stable sCort, ps = .282–.628, fs = 0.34–0.49, and sAA concentrations, ps = .068–.758, fs = 0.24–1.13 paralleled a nonsignificant treatment effect. Both PTSD and trauma exposure were associated with alterations in awakening responses, but further investigation is needed to determine whether the observed correspondence remains when PTSD symptoms significantly decline.
Not just another nasal polyp: Chondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas of the sinonasal tract
Authors: Yu Yue , Tan Chien Sheng , Koh Leslie Timothy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesChondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (COREAH) are extremely rare benign lesions in the sinonasal cavity. We aim to (a) report two cases of COREAH and (b) perform a literature review with a summary on previously published cases of COREAH till August 2019.MethodsA literature review identified 16 cases, but only 12 cases from publications from 2005 to 2019 were included in analysis. In addition, we report two cases of COREAH from our tertiary academic medical center.ResultsCOREAH is found in patients from 3 to 83 years old. It originates from various sites in the nasal cavity and sinuses but the most common location is the lateral nasal wall. Calcification on imaging is a common finding.ConclusionCOREAH is an uncommon entity that is important to recognize and distinguish from other sinister nasal masses. It is a slow growing benign lesion which lacks aggressive features on imaging. Future studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of an underlying genetic predisposition.Level of Evidence4.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates senescence in alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Fang Tingting , Yang Jingyun , Liu Li , Xiao Hengyi , Wei Xiawei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlveolar epithelial cells (ACEs) gradually senescent as aging, which is one of the main causes of respiratory defense and function decline. Investigating the mechanisms of ACE senescence is important for understanding how the human respiratory system works. NAD+ is reported to reduce during the aging process. Supplementing NAD+ intermediates can activate sirtuin deacylases (SIRT1–SIRT7), which regulates the benefits of exercise and dietary restriction, reduce the level of intracellular oxidative stress, and improve mitochondrial function, thereby reversing cell senescence. We showed that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could effectively mitigate age‐associated physiological decline in the lung of 8–10 months old C57BL/6 mice and bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in young mice of 6–8 weeks. Besides, the treatment of primary ACEs with NMN can markedly ameliorate cell senescence phenotype in vitro. These findings to improve the respiratory system function and reduce the incidence and mortality from respiratory diseases in the elderly are of great significance.
A framework for voxel‐based assessment of biological effect after proton radiotherapy in pediatric brain cancer patients using multi‐modal imaging
Authors: Skaarup Mikkel , Lundemann Michael Juncker , Darkner Sune , Jørgensen Morten , Marner Lisbeth , Mirkovic Dragan , Grosshans David , Peeler Christopher , Mohan Radhe , Vogelius Ivan Richter , Appelt Ane 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe exact dependence of biological effect on dose and linear energy transfer (LET) in human tissue when delivering proton therapy is unknown. In this study, we propose a framework for measuring this dependency using multi‐modal image‐based assays with deformable registrations within imaging sessions and across time.Materials and Methods3T MRI scans were prospectively collected from 6 pediatric brain cancer patients before they underwent proton therapy treatment, and every 3 months for a year after treatment. Scans included T1‐weighted with contrast enhancement (T1), T2‐FLAIR (T2) and fractional anisotropy (FA) images. In addition, the planning CT, dose distributions and Monte Carlo‐calculated LET distributions were collected.A multi‐modal deformable image registration framework was used to create a dataset of dose, LET and imaging intensities at baseline and follow‐up on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. We modelled the biological effect of dose and LET from proton therapy using imaging changes over time as a surrogate for biological effect.We investigated various models to show the feasibility of the framework to model imaging changes. To account for interpatient and intrapatient variations, we used a nested generalized linear mixed regression model. The models were applied to predict imaging changes over time as a function of dose and LET for each modality.ResultsUsing the nested models to predict imaging changes, we saw a decrease in the FA signal as a function of dose; however, the signal increased with increasing LET. Similarly, we saw an increase in T2 signal as a function of dose, but a decrease in signal with LET. We saw no changes in T1 voxel values as a function of either dose or LET.ConclusionsThe imaging changes could successfully model biological effect as a function of dose and LET using our proposed framework. Due to the low number of patients, the imaging changes observed for FA and T2 scans were not marked enough to draw any firm conclusions.
Suppression of artifact‐generating echoes in cine DENSE using deep learning
Authors: Abdi Mohamad , Feng Xue , Sun Changyu , Bilchick Kenneth C. , Meyer Craig H. , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo use deep learning for suppression of the artifact‐generating T1‐relaxation echo in cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) for the purpose of reducing the scan time.MethodsA U‐Net was trained to suppress the artifact‐generating T1‐relaxation echo using complementary phase‐cycled data as the ground truth. A data‐augmentation method was developed that generates synthetic DENSE images with arbitrary displacement‐encoding frequencies to suppress the T1‐relaxation echo modulated for a range of frequencies. The resulting U‐Net (DAS‐Net) was compared with k‐space zero‐filling as an alternative method. Non‐phase‐cycled DENSE images acquired in shorter breath‐holds were processed by DAS‐Net and compared with DENSE images acquired with phase cycling for the quantification of myocardial strain.ResultsThe DAS‐Net method effectively suppressed the T1‐relaxation echo and its artifacts, and achieved root Mean Square(RMS) error = 5.5 ± 0.8 and structural similarity index = 0.85 ± 0.02 for DENSE images acquired with a displacement encoding frequency of 0.10 cycles/mm. The DAS‐Net method outperformed zero‐filling (root Mean Square error = 5.8 ± 1.5 vs 13.5 ± 1.5, DAS‐Net vs zero‐filling, P < .01; and structural similarity index = 0.83 ± 0.04 vs 0.66 ± 0.03, DAS‐Net vs zero‐filling, P < .01). Strain data for non‐phase‐cycled DENSE images with DAS‐Net showed close agreement with strain from phase‐cycled DENSE.ConclusionThe DAS‐Net method provides an effective alternative approach for suppression of the artifact‐generating T1‐relaxation echo in DENSE MRI, enabling a 42% reduction in scan time compared to DENSE with phase‐cycling.
Mid‐Arm Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Associated with All‐Cause Mortality Independent of BMI: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: He Liyun , Yang Na , Wang Jialu , Huang Jingyue , Li Wei , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Li Yuxiu , Zhang Huabing 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness (which indicates subcutaneous fat) mid‐arm muscle circumference (MAMC; which reflects muscle mass), mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), and all‐cause mortality.MethodsA total of 17,717 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1993‐2015) were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all‐cause mortality. The joint effect of TSF thickness and MAMC was examined, and planned subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsThe highest quartiles of TSF thickness, MAMC, and MUAC were significantly associated with low all‐cause mortality, independent of BMI (TSF thickness: HR = 0.704 [95% CI: 0.575‐0.862]; MAMC: HR = 0.729 [95% CI: 0.607‐0.876]; MUAC: HR = 0.713 [95% CI: 0.583‐0.872]). A 1‐SD increase showed comparable risk reductions for TSF thickness and MAMC (14.6% and 14.0%), with 16.1% risk reductions in MUAC. There were positive additive interactions between TSF thickness and MAMC. The inverse association existed in young, middle‐aged, and elderly participants (P‐heterogeneity > 0.05).ConclusionsMid‐arm muscle and subcutaneous fat were inversely associated with all‐cause mortality, independent of BMI, beyond the elderly population. Mid‐arm muscle and subcutaneous fat made comparable contributions to and had positive joint effects on all‐cause mortality.
Reduced‐toxicity conditioning regimen with busulfan, fludarabine, rATG, and 400 cGy TBI in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant for high‐risk hematologic malignancies
Authors: Rossoff Jenna , Jacobsohn David , Kwon Soyang , Kletzel Morris , Duerst Reggie E. , Tse William T. , Schneiderman Jennifer , Chaudhury Sonali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyeloablative conditioning regimens decrease the risk of relapse in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) for hematologic malignancies, but cause significant toxicitiesProcedureThis prospective study evaluated the use of a reduced‐toxicity, myeloablative regimen with dose‐adjusted busulfan, fludarabine, antithymocyte globulin and 400 cGy of total body irradiation in 40 patients < 21 years of age undergoing HCT for high‐risk leukemias. Busulfan pharmacokinetics were measured to target 4000 μmol*min/day in the first 30 patients; this was increased to 5000 μmol*min/day in the subsequent 10 in efforts to further decrease relapse riskResultsOverall survival at two‐ and five‐years post‐HCT was 67% and 51%, respectively. Relapse occurred in 11 patients (28%) at a median of seven months and was the leading cause of death. Transplant‐related mortality was 8% and 13% at 100 days and one‐year post‐HCT, respectively. Trends toward improved survival were seen in patients transplanted for myeloid disease using bone marrow as stem cell source who achieved a busulfan AUC > 4000 μmol*min/day with two‐year relapse‐free survival approaching 80%ConclusionsThis conditioning regimen is safe and effective in patients with high‐risk leukemias, particularly myeloid disease. Larger studies are needed to compare its safety and efficacy to other myeloablative regimens in this population.
Joint confidence region estimation on predictive values
Authors: Schaible Braydon J. , Yin Jingjing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor evaluating diagnostic accuracy of inherently continuous diagnostic tests/biomarkers, sensitivity and specificity are well‐known measures both of which depend on a diagnostic cut‐off, which is usually estimated. Sensitivity (specificity) is the conditional probability of testing positive (negative) given the true disease status. However, a more relevant question is “what is the probability of having (not having) a disease if a test is positive (negative)?”. Such post‐test probabilities are denoted as positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The PPV and NPV at the same estimated cut‐off are correlated, hence it is desirable to make the joint inference on PPV and NPV to account for such correlation. Existing inference methods for PPV and NPV focus on the individual confidence intervals and they were developed under binomial distribution assuming binary instead of continuous test results. Several approaches are proposed to estimate the joint confidence region as well as the individual confidence intervals of PPV and NPV. Simulation results indicate the proposed approaches perform well with satisfactory coverage probabilities for normal and non‐normal data and, additionally, outperform existing methods with improved coverage as well as narrower confidence intervals for PPV and NPV. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set is used to illustrate the proposed approaches and compare them with the existing methods.
Balance conditions in variational data assimilation for a high‐resolution forecast model
Authors: Bannister Ross N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the role of balance relationships for background‐error covariance modelling as the model's grid box decreases to convective scales. Data assimilation (DA) analyses are examined from a simplified convective‐scale model and DA system (called ABC‐DA) with a grid box size of 1.5 km in a 2D 540 km (longitude), 15 km (height) domain. The DA experiments are performed with background‐error covariance matrices () modelled and calibrated by switching on/off linear balance (LB) and hydrostatic balance (HB), and by observing a subset of the ABC variables, namely (meridional wind), (scaled density, a pressure‐like variable), and (buoyancy, a temperature‐like variable). Calibration data are sourced from two methods of generating proxies of forecast errors. One uses forecasts from different latitude slices of a 3D parent model (here called the latitude slice method), and the other uses sets of differences between forecasts of different lengths but valid at the same time (the National Meteorological Center method). Root‐mean‐squared errors computed over the domain from identical twin DA experiments suggest that there is no combination of LB/HB switches that give the best analysis for all model quantities. However it is frequently found that the ‐matrices modelled with both LB and HB do perform the best. A clearer picture emerges when the errors are examined at different spatial scales. In particular it is shown that switching on HB in mostly has a neutral/positive effect on the DA accuracy at ‘large’ scales, and switching off the HB has a neutral/positive effect at ‘small’ scales. The division between ‘large’ and ‘small’ scales is between 10 and 100 km. Furthermore, one hour forecast‐error correlations computed between control parameters find that correlations are small at large scales when balances are enforced, and at small scales when balances are not enforced (ideal control parameters have zero cross‐correlations). This points the way to modelling with scale‐dependent balances.
Controllable, Self‐Powered, and High‐Performance Short‐Wavelength Infrared Photodetector Driven by Coupled Flexoelectricity and Strain Effect
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Lim Jaeseong , Park Ji‐Yong , Seo Hyungtak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanical deformation‐induced strain gradients and coupled spontaneous electric polarization field in centrosymmetric materials, known as the flexoelectric effect, can generate ubiquitous mechanoelectrical functionalities, like the flexo‐photovoltaic effect. Concurrently, nano/micrometer‐scale inhomogeneous strain reengineers the electronic arrangements and in turn, could alter the fundamental limits of optoelectronic performance. Here, the flexoelectric effect‐driven self‐powered giant short‐wavelength infrared (λ ≤ 1800 nm) photoresponse from centrosymmetric bulk silicon, indeed far beyond the fundamental bandgap (λ = 1100 nm) is demonstrated. Particularly, large on/off ratio (≈105), extremely high sensitivity (2.5 × 108%), good responsivity of 96 mA W−1, decent specific detectivity of ≈1.54 × 1014 Jones, and a rapid response speed of ≈100 µs, even at nanoscale (<30 nm), are measured at λ = 1620 nm. The infrared response sensitivity is tuned in a wide range (up to 1.4 × 108%) by controlling the applied pointed force from 1 to 10 µN. These results confirm that emerging mechanoelectrical coupling not only sheds to achieve tunable optoelectronic performance beyond the fundamental limit, but also offers innovative numerous applications like mechanoptical switch, photovoltaic, sensors, and self‐driving vehicles.
Cutaneous adverse drug reaction in a dog following firocoxib treatment
Authors: Geum Migyeong , Ko Hui‐Yeon , Na Yeon‐Joo , Kim Ha‐Jung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 9‐year‐old intact female toy poodle was presented with oedema around the neck, including pus and cutaneous necrosis, 2 days after starting firocoxib treatment and placement of a cervical collar for intervertebral disc disease. Cytology of the pus revealed predominantly mature neutrophils with fewer macrophages and lymphocytes, indicating sterile inflammation. Although a skin biopsy could have provided more diagnostic information, it was not performed at presentation. Firocoxib treatment was discontinued, and immunosuppressive therapy including cyclosporine was initiated, which significantly alleviated the skin lesions. The dog recovered fully in 7 weeks. The final diagnosis was a possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction to firocoxib based on history, clinical signs and response to therapy.
Disinfection/ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater and disinfection of irrigation water using electrochemical flow cells: A case study in Hawaii
Authors: Qing Geletu , Foster Shelby L. , Anari Zahra , Matlock Marty , Thoma Greg , Greenlee Lauren F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis field case study reports findings on disinfection/ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater and disinfection of irrigation water carried out at an aquaculture farm and two irrigation locations in Hawaii. We used a flow cell incorporating PtRu/graphite anode and graphite cathode for the disinfection/ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater, and a flow cell assembled with graphite plates as both anode and cathode for the disinfection of irrigation water. The removal of ammonia followed the indirect oxidation mechanism mediated by free chlorine electro‐generated at the PtRu/graphite anode. Ammonia removal rate increased with the increase in NaCl concentration, applied current density, or flow rate. The disinfection of aquaculture wastewater can be readily achieved due to the presence of highly germicidal free chlorine species. The disinfection of irrigation water was realized without the addition of chemicals. The disinfection mechanism was attributed to the formation of free chlorine from the anodic oxidation of chloride ions naturally occurring in the water sources. The disinfection efficiency decreased with increasing organic matter concentration. In addition to the flow cell approach, we also successfully demonstrated the disinfection of irrigation water by adding electrolyzed NaCl solution or purging with a mixture of air and chlorine gas, both of which were generated on‐site.Practitioner points

Field case study on disinfection/ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater and disinfection of irrigation water was carried out in Hawaii.
Electrochemical flow cell assembled with PtRu/graphite anode and graphite cathode effectively removes ammonia from aquaculture wastewater.
Ammonia removal proceeds via the indirect oxidation mechanism mediated by free chlorine electro‐generated at the PtRu/graphite anode.
Electrochemical flow cell assembled with commercial graphite electrodes enables fast disinfection of coliform bacteria and E. coli.
The primary disinfection mechanism is through chlorine species electro‐generated from chloride oxidation at the graphite anode.
Alkoholprävention am Arbeitsplatz: Aktuelle Konzepte zur betrieblichen Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe
Authors: Wienemann Elisabeth , Wartmann Anja 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungZur Vorbeugung von Alkoholproblemen am Arbeitsplatz und zur Hilfe bei Suchtgefährdung hat sich das Standardmodell der betrieblichen Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe bewährt. Kernelemente sind: 1) Information und Aufklärung, 2) frühzeitige Interventionen, 3) Qualifizierung und Beratung von Personalverantwortlichen und 4) Hilfeangebote für Beschäftigte. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst die historische Entwicklung der betrieblichen Alkohol- und Suchtprävention kurz beschrieben, Forschungsergebnisse werden dargestellt und danach wird auf Maßnahmen zur Prävention, zur Intervention bei Suchtgefährdung und zur Reduzierung des Alkoholkonsums am Arbeitsplatz eingegangen.In den 1970er-Jahren wurden betriebliche Suchtpräventionsprogramme nach US-amerikanischem Vorbild in Deutschland etabliert. Im Jahr 2006 veröffentlichte die Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen (DHS) erstmals die „Qualitätsstandards in der betrieblichen Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe“ und ermöglichte allen Betrieben den Zugriff auf fachlich abgestimmte und rechtlich aktuelle Materialien. Das ist bedeutsam, um angemessene Maßnahmen zur Regulierung und Reduzierung des Alkoholkonsums am Arbeitsplatz zu treffen. Zum Präventionsauftrag der Führungskräfte gehört die Unterweisung der Beschäftigten zur Vermeidung gesundheitlicher Gefährdungen. Sobald Verstöße gegen die Arbeitssicherheit vorliegen, sind Vorgesetzte zudem verpflichtet einzugreifen. Generell sollten sie bei Auffälligkeiten möglichst frühzeitig intervenieren. Bei riskantem Suchtmittelgebrauch und Suchtgefährdung wird nach einer gestuften Gesprächsfolge verfahren. Unterstützungsangebote von internen oder externen Beratungsstellen werden empfohlen.Alkohol- und Suchtprävention ist Teil des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements. Besonders nachhaltig wirkt sie dort, wo das Programm in einer Betriebs- oder Dienstvereinbarung festgeschrieben wurde und verbindlich umgesetzt wird.