bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dashboard-style interactive plots for RNA-seq analysis are R Markdown ready withGlimma2.0
Authors: Kariyawasam Hasaru , Su Shian , Voogd Oliver , Ritchie Matthew E , Law Charity W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlimma 1.0 introduced intuitive, point-and-click interactive graphics for differential gene expression analysis. Here, we present a major update to Glimma that brings improved interactivity and reproducibility using high-level visualization frameworks for R and JavaScript. Glimma 2.0 plots are now readily embeddable in R Markdown, thus allowing users to create reproducible reports containing interactive graphics. The revamped multidimensional scaling plot features dashboard-style controls allowing the user to dynamically change the colour, shape and size of sample points according to different experimental conditions. Interactivity was enhanced in the MA-style plot for comparing differences to average expression, which now supports selecting multiple genes, export options to PNG, SVG or CSV formats and includes a new volcano plot function. Feature-rich and user-friendly, Glimma makes exploring data for gene expression analysis more accessible and intuitive and is available on Bioconductor and GitHub.
Awareness About and E-Cigarette Use Among Adults in 15 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2014–2018 Estimates From Global Adult Tobacco Surveys
Authors: Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T , Manoharan Anusha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarette (EC) use is seldom reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We report the prevalence of “awareness” about EC, its use, and distribution of EC use by sociodemographic factors and cigarette smoking (CS) status.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed Global Adult Tobacco Survey data in Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine, Turkey, Uruguay, and Viet Nam during 2014–2018. The weighted prevalence of “awareness” (heard about), “ever” (even once), and “current” (daily/nondaily) EC use among never, current, and former cigarette smokers and quit ratios (past smokers/ever smokers) was estimated. Association of EC use with sociodemographic, and CS, was explored by multilevel regression.

Results
Overall, prevalence of “awareness,” “ever,” and “current” ECs use was 19.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.4, 31.1), 2.6% (95% CI 2.4, 2.8), and 0.7% (95% CI 0.6, 0.8), respectively. In most countries, “ever use” &lt;10%, and “current use” was about 1% except Romania (4.4%) and Russia (3.5%). “Current use” was 0.1%, 2.9%, and 3.1% among never, current, and former smokers, respectively. “Current” and “ever” EC use was higher among current and former than never smokers (2.8% and 3.1% vs. 0.1%; 9.9% and 10.9% vs. 0.7%), respectively. Current EC use was associated with male sex, urban residence and younger age, higher education, and wealth. “Quit attempts” (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2, 1.5) and cigarettes smoked per day (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4, 1.9) were associated with “ever use.”

Conclusions
EC use was low in most countries. “Dual use” was common among current smokers and the quit ratio was higher among ECs users.

Implications
EC use is increasing in high-income countries (HICs) where regulations on ECs are usually permissive. Evidence on the individual- or population-level impact of ECs on CS cessation is inconclusive. Little is known about the prevalence of EC use in LMICs where regulations are nonexistent or less restrictive. Studying the distribution of EC use rates by population subgroups, CS status, and quit ratios for CS among EC users will assist the formulation of EC regulatory policies. We provide comparable nationally representative prevalence estimates of “awareness” about and, use of ECs to serve as a benchmark for future monitoring. EC use was associated with the attempt to quit CS and smoking &gt;10 cigarettes per day. However, “dual use” was common, and the quit ratio for CS was higher among EC users. EC use was very low relative to HICs. Nevertheless, comprehensive EC regulatory policies should be implemented to prevent the escalation of EC use by targeting population subgroups such as young adults, educated and wealthier individuals.
Nanotechnology Fundamentals Applied to Clinical Infectious Diseases and Public Health
Authors: Tobin Ellis , Brenner Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology involves the discovery and fabrication of nanoscale materials possessing unique physicochemical properties that are being employed in industry and medicine. Infectious Diseases clinicians and public health scientists utilize nanotechnology applications to diagnose, treat, and prevent infectious diseases. However, fundamental principles of nanotechnology are often presented in technical formats that presuppose an advanced knowledge of chemistry, physics, and engineering, thereby limiting the clinician’s grasp of the underlying science. While nanoscience is technically complex, it need not be out of reach of the clinical practitioner. The aim of this review is to introduce fundamental principles of nanotechnology in an accessible format, describe examples of current clinical infectious diseases and public health applications, and provide a foundation that will aid understanding of and appreciation for this burgeoning and important field of science.
Distinctive mitogenomic lineages within populations of White-tailed Eagles
Authors: Hansen Charles Christian Riis , Baleka Sina , Guðjónsdóttir Sólveig Magnea , Rasmussen Jacob Agerbo , Ballesteros Jesus Adrian Chimal , Hallgrimsson Gunnar Thor , Stefansson Robert A , von Schmalensee Menja , Skarphédinsson Kristinn Haukur , Labansen Aili Lage , Leivits Madis , Skelmose Kim , Sonne Christian , Dietz Rune , Boertmann David , Eulaers Igor , Martin Michael D , Pálsson Snæbjörn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using whole mitochondrial DNA sequences from 89 White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) sampled from Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Denmark and Estonia between 1990 and 2018, we investigate the mitogenomic variation within and between countries. We show that there is a substantial population differentiation between the countries, reflecting similar major phylogeographic patterns obtained previously for the control region of the mitochondria, which suggested two main refugia during the last glacial period. Distinct mitogenomic lineages are observed within countries with divergence times exceeding the end of the last glacial period of the Ice Age. Deviations from neutrality indicate that these lineages have been maintained by natural selection and there is an excess of segregating amino acids in comparison with number of fixations suggesting a large load of deleterious mutations. The maintenance of the distinct mitogenic lineages within countries inflates our estimates of divergence times.
Updated Integrated Framework for Making Clinical Decisions Across the Lifespan and Health Conditions
Authors: Deutsch Judith E , Gill-Body Kathleen M , Schenkman Margaret 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe updated Integrated Framework for Clinical Decision Making responds to changes in evidence, policy, and practice since the publication of the first version in 2008. The original framework was proposed for persons with neurological health conditions, whereas the revised framework applies to persons with any health condition across the lifespan. In addition, the revised framework (1) updates patient-centered concepts with shared clinical decision-making; (2) frames the episode of care around the patient’s goals for participation; (3) explicitly describes the role of movement science; (4) reconciles movement science and International Classification of Function language, illustrating the importance of each perspective to patient care; (5) provides a process for movement analysis of tasks; and (6) integrates the movement system into patient management. Two cases are used to illustrate the application of the framework: (1) a 45-year-old male bus driver with low back pain whose goals for the episode of care are to return to work and recreational basketball; and (2) a 65-year-old female librarian with a fall history whose goals for the episode of care are to return to work and reduce future falls. The framework is proposed as a tool for physical therapist education and to guide clinical practice for all health conditions across the lifespan.
Comparing Traditional and Disposable Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Use by Medicare Home Health Patients
Authors: Fout Betty , Plotzke Michael 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Since 2017, home health agencies (HHAs) have received reimbursement for the provision of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) using disposable, portable devices to eligible Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. This study aimed to describe the use of disposable NPWT (dNPWT) versus traditional, durable medical equipment-based NPWT (tNPWT) in the home health setting over time and compare the types of beneficiaries using and associated Medicare payments for NPWT separate from the home health payment bundle.

METHODS
Medicare fee-for-service claims were used to identify beneficiaries receiving NPWT from HHAs during home health stays. Assessment and Medicare administrative data were linked to compare characteristics between those receiving tNPWT or dNPWT and to calculate and contrast average Medicare payments for NPWT provided during the home health episode.

RESULTS
In 2019, the vast majority of NPWT used was tNPWT (>99%). Beneficiaries using dNPWT had fewer health risk factors and used substantially less medical care than beneficiaries using tNPWT ($47,187 vs $60,440 in annual total Medicare payments per beneficiary). However, the average Medicare payments for dNPWT exceeded that of tNPWT ($1,624 vs $899) during a home health episode.

CONCLUSIONS
Although dNPWT is well-suited for the home, its uptake has been slow. This may be attributable to HHAs’ confusion in billing for dNPWT or differences in the wound types appropriate for dNPWT versus tNPWT. Policymakers should continue to monitor the use of dNPWT in the home health setting, especially given the greater average Medicare payment of dNPWT per episode.
The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy on Sedation Level, Analgesic Dosage, and Bispectral Index Values during Donor Site Dressing in Patients with Burns: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Froutan Razieh , Tavousi Seyed Hassan , Sedaghat Alireza , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Layegh Mohaddeseh , Mazlom Seyed Reza 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on sedation level, analgesic dosage, and bispectral index (BIS) values during donor site dressing in patients with burns.

METHODS
This trial was conducted on 62 patients with burns requiring donor site dressing who were admitted to the Burn Center of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. In the intervention group, the patients inhaled damask rose 40% and lavender 10% essential oils during donor site dressing change, whereas in the control group, the site was dressed using routine protocol. Sedatives and analgesics were prescribed until the levels of brain activity achieved light sedation. The brain activity and sedation levels were measured before and after the donor site dressings using the BIS. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance and the two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.

RESULTS
All 62 patients completed the study. The required doses of ketamine (P < .001), fentanyl (P = .003), morphine (P < .001), and propofol (P < .001) were significantly lower in the intervention group. The BIS was also significantly lower in the intervention group (P < .001). Heart rate decreased significantly during the aromatherapy, as well as after analgesic and sedative consumption (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
The inhalation of damask rose and lavender essential oils is an effective intervention to reduce the doses of sedative and analgesic drugs administered as well as BIS during donor site dressing change in patients with burns.
Learning Through Listening: A Scoping Review of Podcast Use in Medical Education
Authors: Kelly Jessica M. , Perseghin Andrea , Dow Alan W. , Trivedi Shreya P. , Rodman Adam , Berk Justin 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo improve understanding of podcast use in medical education by examining current research on descriptive attributes and educational outcomes, highlighting implications of the current evidence base for educational practices, and identifying research gaps to guide future investigation.MethodThe authors conducted a scoping review, searching PubMed and Embase databases in June–July 2020 for English-language studies of audio-only medical education podcast use in undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education. The authors excluded studies without original data or with nonphysician data that could not be separated from physician data. From included studies, the authors extracted data regarding descriptive outcomes (e.g., podcast use, content areas, structure) and educational outcomes (classified using Kirkpatrick’s 4 levels of evaluation).ResultsOf 491 unique articles, 62 met inclusion criteria. Descriptive outcomes were reported in 44 studies. Analysis of these studies revealed podcast use has increased over time, podcasts are a top resource for resident education, and podcasts are being incorporated into formal medical curricula. Educational outcomes were reported in 38 studies. The 29 studies that assessed learner reaction and attitudes to podcasts (Kirkpatrick level 1) showed learners value podcasts for their portability, efficiency, and combined educational and entertainment value. The 10 studies that assessed knowledge retention (Kirkpatrick level 2) showed podcasts to be noninferior to traditional teaching methods. The 11 studies that assessed behavior change (Kirkpatrick level 3) showed improved documentation skills in medical students and self-reported practice change in residents and practicing physicians after listening to podcasts. None of the studies reported system change or patient outcomes (Kirkpatrick level 4).ConclusionsFuture research should focus on the optimal structure of podcasts for learning, higher-level outcomes of podcasts, and the implementation of podcasts into formal curricula. Podcasts may prove to be essential tools for disseminating and implementing the most current, evidence-based practices.
Three-dimensional Printing of Biomimetic Titanium Mimicking Trabecular Bone Induces Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation
Authors: Papaefstathiou Stephanos , Larochette Nathanaël , Liste Rosa María Villar , Potier Esther , Petite Herve , Vivace Bradley J. , Laratta Joseph L. 
Published: December 2021

Study Design.

In vitro analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printing of porous titanium on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.

Summary of Background Data.
A proprietary implant using three–dimensional porous titanium (3D-pTi) that mimics trabecu-lar bone structure, roughness, porosity, and modulus of elasticity was created (Ti-LIFE technology™, Spineart SA Switzerland). Such implants may possess osteoinductive properties augmenting fusion in addition to their structural advantages. However, the ability of 3D–pTi to affect in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation remains undefined.

Methods.
Disks of 3D–pTi with a porosity of 70% to 75% and pore size of 0.9 mm were produced using additive manufacturing technology. 2D Ti6Al4V (2D–Ti) and 2D polyetheretherketone (2D–PEEK) disks were prepared using standard manufacturing process. Tissue culture plastic (TCP) served as the control surface. All discs were characterized using 2D-micros-copy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray micro-computed tomography. Forty thousand hMSCs were seeded on the disks and TCP and cultured for 42 days. hMSC morphology was assessed using environmental SEM and confocal imaging following phalloidin staining. hMSC proliferation was evaluated using DNA fluorescent assay. hMSC differentiation was assessed using RT–qPCR for genes involved in hMSC osteogenic differentiation and biochemical assays were performed for alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium content.

Results.
3D–pTi lead to a higher cell number as compared to 2D–Ti and 2D-PEEK at D21, D28 and D42. ALP activity of hMSCs seeded into 3D-pTi scaffolds was as high as or higher than that of hMSCs seeded onto TCP controls over all time points and consistently higher than that of hMSCs seeded onto 2D-Ti scaffolds. However, when ALP activity was normalized to protein content, no statistical differences were found between all scaffolds tested and TCP controls.

Conclusion.
3D-pTi provides a scaffold for bone formation that structurally mimics cancellous bone and improves hMSC adhesion and proliferation compared to 2D-Ti and PEEK.
Bufalin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation via EGFR pathway
Authors: Dou Lei , Zou Dan , Song Feiran , Jin Yuxin , Li Yin , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have shown that bufalin exerts antitumor effects through various mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the antineoplastic mechanism of bufalin, an extract of traditional Chinese medicine toad venom, in ovarian cancer.

Methods:
The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and colony formation assays were used to investigate the antiproliferative effect of bufalin on the ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. Molecular docking was used to investigate the combination of bufalin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of EGFR protein and its downstream targets.

Results:
Bufalin inhibited the proliferation of SK-OV-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Bufalin was confirmed to combine with EGFR protein using molecular docking and downregulate expression of EGFR. Bufalin inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR, protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).

Conclusion:
Bufalin suppresses the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through the EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
Hemodynamic effects of different fluid volumes for a fluid challenge in septic shock patients
Authors: Yang Ting , Weng Li , Jiang Wei , Li Shan , Du Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
It is still unclear what the minimal infusion volume is to effectively predict fluid responsiveness. This study was designed to explore the minimal infusion volume to effectively predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients. Hemodynamic effects of fluid administration on arterial load were observed and added values of effective arterial elastance (Ea) in fluid resuscitation were assessed.

Methods:
Intensive care unit septic shock patients with indwelling pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) received five sequential intravenous boluses of 100 mL 4% gelatin. Cardiac output (CO) was measured with PAC before and after each bolus. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in CO >10% after 500 mL fluid infusion.

Results:
Forty-seven patients were included and 35 (74.5%) patients were fluid responders. CO increasing >5.2% after a 200 mL fluid challenge (FC) provided an improved detection of fluid responsiveness, with a specificity of 80.0% and a sensitivity of 91.7%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84–1.00, P
< 0.001). Fluid administration induced a decrease in Ea from 2.23 (1.46–2.78) mmHg/mL to 1.83 (1.34–2.44) mmHg/mL (P = 0.002), especially for fluid responders in whom arterial pressure did not increase. Notably, the baseline Ea was able to detect the fluid responsiveness with an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59–0.86, P < 0.001), whereas Ea failed to predict the pressure response to FC with an AUC of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33–0.67, P = 0.086).

Conclusion:
In septic shock patients, a minimal volume of 200 mL 4% gelatin could reliably detect fluid responders. Fluid administration reduced Ea even when CO increased. The loss of arterial load might be the reason for patients who increased their CO without pressure responsiveness. Moreover, a high level of Ea before FC was able to predict fluid responsiveness rather than to detect the pressure responsiveness.

Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04515511
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Tachyarrhythmias After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Wenzhu , Liu Jian , Ye Haibo , Wang Mingshan , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery is a common occurrence in clinical practice, which can be life threatening. We searched 6 databases, including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and Sinomed, to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on tachyarrhythmias after adult cardiac surgery. The primary end point was the number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery. The secondary end points included the number of patients with supraventricular tachycardia or with ventricular tachycardia or with ventricular fibrillation or with myocardial infarction or deceased patients, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and the number of patients with bradycardia and those with hypotension. Among the 1388 retrieved studies, 18 studies (n = 3171 participants) met our inclusion criteria. Dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of AF by 17% [relative risk (RR) = 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–0.93; P = 0.002]. Through subgroup analysis, we found that when the maintenance dose of dexmedetomidine was >0.7 µg·kg−1·h−1, the effect of preventing AF was obvious (RR = 0.58; 95%CI 0.43–0.78; P = 0.0003). Dexmedetomidine also reduced the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia by approximately 70% (RR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.77; P = 0.01) and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia by approximately 80% (RR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.63; P = 0.004) but had no effect on ventricular fibrillation (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.14–7.31; P = 0.99). The major side effect of dexmedetomidine was bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine can reduce the incidence of AF (especially high dosages), supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia after cardiac surgery in adults, but it does not affect the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.