bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane and the Paris Agreement temperature goals
Authors: Cain Michelle , Jenkins Stuart , Allen Myles R. , Lynch John , Frame David J. , Macey Adrian H. , Peters Glen P. 
Published: December 2021

Meeting the Paris Agreement temperature goal necessitates limiting methane (CH
4
)-induced warming, in addition to achieving net-zero or (net-negative) carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions. In our model, for the median 1.5°C scenario between 2020 and 2050, CH
4
mitigation lowers temperatures by 0.1°C; CO
2
increases it by 0.2°C. CO
2
emissions continue increasing global mean temperature until net-zero emissions are reached, with potential for lowering temperatures with net-negative emissions. By contrast, reducing CH
4
emissions starts to reverse CH
4
-induced warming within a few decades. These differences are hidden when framing climate mitigation using annual ‘CO
2
-equivalent’ emissions, including targets based on aggregated annual emission rates. We show how the different warming responses to CO
2
and CH
4
emissions can be accurately aggregated to estimate warming by using ‘warming-equivalent emissions', which provide a transparent and convenient method to inform policies and measures for mitigation, or demonstrate progress towards a temperature goal. The method presented (GWP*) uses well-established climate science concepts to relate GWP100 to temperature, as a simple proxy for a climate model. The use of warming-equivalent emissions for nationally determined contributions and long-term strategies would enhance the transparency of stocktakes of progress towards a long-term temperature goal, compared to the use of standard equivalence methods.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)’.
Single-cell Multiomics Reveals Clonal T-cell Expansions and Exhaustion in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
Authors: DePasquale Erica A. K. , Ssozi Daniel , Ainciburu Marina , Good Jonathan , Noel Jenny , Villanueva Martin , Couturier Charles P. , Shalek Alex K. , Aranki Sary F. , Mallidi Hari R. , Griffin Gabriel K. , Lane Andrew A. , van Galen Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe immune system represents a major barrier to cancer progression, driving the evolution of immunoregulatory interactions between malignant cells and T-cells in the tumor environment. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDCN), a rare acute leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) differentiation, provides a unique opportunity to study these interactions. pDCs are key producers of interferon alpha (IFNA) that play an important role in T-cell activation at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune system. To assess how uncontrolled proliferation of malignant BPDCN cells affects the tumor environment, we catalog immune cell heterogeneity in the bone marrow (BM) of five healthy controls and five BPDCN patients by analyzing 52,803 single-cell transcriptomes, including 18,779 T-cells. We test computational techniques for robust cell type classification and find that T-cells in BPDCN patients consistently upregulate interferon alpha (IFNA) response and downregulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) pathways. Integrating transcriptional data with T-cell receptor sequencing via shared barcodes reveals significant T-cell exhaustion in BPDCN that is positively correlated with T-cell clonotype expansion. By highlighting new mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion and immune evasion in BPDCN, our results demonstrate the value of single-cell multiomics to understand immune cell interactions in the tumor environment.
Topographically localised modulation of tectal cell spatial tuning by natural scenes
Authors: Sainsbury Thomas Trevelyan James , Diana Giovanni , Meyer Martin Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVisual neurons can have their tuning properties contextually modulated by the presence of visual stimuli in the area surrounding their receptive field, especially when that stimuli contains natural features. However, stimuli presented in specific egocentric locations may have greater behavioural relevance, raising the possibility that the extent of contextual modulation may vary with position in visual space. To explore this possibility we utilised the small size and optical transparency of the larval zebrafish to describe the form and spatial arrangement of contextually modulated cells throughout an entire tectal hemisphere. We found that the spatial tuning of tectal neurons to a prey-like stimulus sharpens when the stimulus is presented in the context of a naturalistic visual scene. These neurons are confined to a spatially restricted region of the tectum and have receptive fields centred within a region of visual space in which the presence of prey preferentially triggers hunting behaviour. Our results demonstrate that circuits that support behaviourally relevant modulation of tectal neurons are not uniformly distributed. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that the tectum shows regional adaptations for behaviour.
Metabolic profiling of serum for osteoarthritis biomarkers
Authors: Xiao Ziqian , Zhang Zhenyang , Huang Shanbin , Lon Jerome Rumdon , Xie Shuilin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a prevalent aging disease in the world, and in recent years it has shown a trend toward younger age, which is becoming a major health problem in the world and seriously endangers the health of the elderly. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis are still unclear, causing great trouble for treatment. To screen out potential biomarkers that could be used as identification of osteoarthritis and explore the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, we performed untargeted metabolomics analysis of nine New Zealand rabbit serum samples by LC-MS / MS, including three normal serum samples (control group) and six osteoarthritis serum samples (case group). Finally 44 differential metabolites were identified, and the ROC analysis results indicated that a total of 36 differential metabolites could be used as potential biomarkers. Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed on these differential metabolites, and we found that a total of 17 metabolic pathways were affected, which may provide directions for the study of osteoarthritis mechanisms.
TbasCO: Trait-based Comparative ’Omics Identifies Ecosystem-Level and Niche- Differentiating Adaptations of an Engineered Microbiome
Authors: McDaniel E.A. , van Steenbrugge J.J.M , Noguera D.R. , McMahon K.D. , Raaijmakers J.M. , Medema M.H. , Oyserman B.O. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTA grand challenge in microbial ecology is disentangling the traits of individual populations within complex communities. Various cultivation-independent approaches have been used to infer traits based on the presence of marker genes. However, marker genes are not linked to traits with complete fidelity, nor do they capture important attributes, such as the timing of expression or coordination among traits. To address this, we present an approach for assessing the trait landscape of microbial communities by statistically defining a trait attribute as shared transcriptional pattern across multiple organisms. Leveraging the KEGG pathway database as a trait library and the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) model microbial ecosystem, we demonstrate that a majority (65%) of traits present in 10 or more genomes have niche-differentiating expression attributes. For example, while 14 genomes containing the high-affinity phosphorus transporter pstABCS display a canonical attribute (e.g. up-regulation under phosphorus starvation), we identified another attribute shared by 11 genomes where transcription was highest under high phosphorus conditions. Taken together, we provide a novel framework for revealing hidden metabolic versatility when investigating genomic data alone by assigning trait-attributes through genome-resolved time-series metatranscriptomics.
Kinetic frustration by limited bond availability controls the LAT protein condensation phase transition on membranes
Authors: Sun Simou , GrandPre Trevor , Limmer David T. , Groves Jay T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLAT is a membrane-linked scaffold protein that undergoes a phase transition to form a two-dimensional protein condensate on the membrane during T cell activation. Governed by tyrosine phosphorylation, LAT recruits various proteins that ultimately enable condensation through a percolation network of discrete and selective protein-protein interactions. Here we describe detailed kinetic measurements of the phase transition, along with coarse-grained model simulations, that reveal LAT condensation is kinetically frustrated by the availability of bonds to form the network. Unlike typical miscibility transitions in which compact domains may coexist at equilibrium, the LAT condensates are dynamically arrested in extended states, kinetically trapped out of equilibrium. Modeling identifies the structural basis for this kinetic arrest as the formation of spindle arrangements, favored by limited multivalent binding interactions along the flexible, intrinsically disordered LAT protein. These results reveal how local factors controlling the kinetics of LAT condensation enable formation of different, stable condensates, which may ultimately coexist within the cell.
Environmentally-induced DNA methylation is inherited across generations in an aquatic keystone species (Daphnia magna)
Authors: Feiner Nathalie , Radersma Reinder , Vasquez Louella , Ringnér Markus , Nystedt Björn , Raine Amanda , Tobi Elmar W. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Uller Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmental stress can result in epigenetic modifications that are passed down several generations. Such epigenetic inheritance can have significant impact on eco-evolutionary dynamics, but the phenomenon remains controversial in ecological model systems. Here, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on individual water fleas (Daphnia magna) to assess whether environmentally-induced DNA methylation can persist for up to four generations. Genetically identical females were exposed to a control treatment, one of three natural stressors (high temperature, zinc, microcystin), or the methylation-inhibitor 5-azacytidine. After exposure, lines were propagated clonally for four generations under control conditions. We identified between 70 and 225 differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) between controls and F1 individuals whose mothers (and therefore they themselves as germ cells) were exposed to one of the three natural stressors. Between 46% and 58% of these environmentally-induced DMPs persisted until generation F4 without attenuation in their magnitude of differential methylation. DMPs were enriched in exons and largely stressor-specific, suggesting a possible role in environment-dependent gene regulation. In contrast, treatment with the compound 5-azacytidine demonstrated that pervasive hypo-methylation upon exposure is reset almost completely after a single generation. These results suggest that environmentally-induced DNA methylation is non-random and stably inherited across generations inDaphnia, making epigenetic inheritance a putative factor in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of fresh-water communities.Author summaryWater fleas are important keystone species mediating eco-evolutionary dynamics in lakes and ponds. It is currently an open question in how far epigenetic inheritance contributes to the ability ofDaphniapopulations to adapt to environmental stress. Using a range of naturally occurring stressors and a multi-generational design, we show that environmentally-induced DNA methylation variants are stably inherited for at least four generations inDaphnia magna. The induced variation in DNA methylation are stressor-specific and almost exclusively found in exons, bearing the signatures of functional adaptations. Our findings imply that ecological adaptations ofDaphniato seasonal fluctuations can be underpinned by epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation without changes in gene frequencies.
WESTPA 2.0: High-performance upgrades for weighted ensemble simulations and analysis of longer-timescale applications
Authors: Russo John D. , Zhang She , Leung Jeremy M. G. , Bogetti Anthony T. , Thompson Jeff P. , DeGrave Alex J. , Torrillo Paul A. , Pratt A. J. , Wong Kim F. , Xia Junchao , Copperman Jeremy , Adelman Joshua L. , Zwier Matthew C. , LeBard David N. , Zuckerman Daniel M. , Chong Lillian T. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe weighted ensemble (WE) family of methods is one of several statistical-mechanics based path sampling strategies that can provide estimates of key observables (rate constants, pathways) using a fraction of the time required by direct simulation methods such as molecular dynamics or discrete-state stochastic algorithms. WE methods oversee numerous parallel trajectories using intermittent overhead operations at fixed time intervals, enabling facile interoperability with any dynamics engine. Here, we report on major upgrades to the WESTPA software package, an open-source, high-performance framework that implements both basic and recently developed WE methods. These upgrades offer substantial improvements over traditional WE. Key features of the new WESTPA 2.0 software enhance efficiency and ease of use: an adaptive binning scheme for more efficient surmounting of large free energy barriers, streamlined handling of large simulation datasets, exponentially improved analysis of kinetics, and developer-friendly tools for creating new WE methods, including a Python API and resampler module for implementing both binned and “binless” WE strategies.Table of Contents/Abstract ImageFor the manuscript “WESTPA 2.0: High-performance upgrades for weighted ensemble simulations and analysis of longer-timescale applications” by Russo et al.
The concept of information architecture in the context of enterprise architecture
Authors: Kotusev Svyatoslav , Kurnia Sherah , Dilnutt Rod 
Published: December 2021

PurposeInformation architecture (IA) is often understood as a comprehensive master plan for organizational data assets and is widely considered as an essential component of broader enterprise architecture (EA). However, the status and practical operationalization of IA still remain largely unclear. In order to clarify these questions, this paper investigates what instruments related to IA are actually employed in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis study builds on the analysis of architecture practices in 27 diverse organizations. Based on the semi-structured interviews with architects and the examination of utilized architectural documents, we explore IA-related instruments with their usage scenarios that have been adopted in the studied organizations.FindingsThe authors identify 12 distinct instruments used in the industry and analyze in detail their features, properties and relationships. This paper analysis shows that these instruments are rather diverse and largely inconsistent across different organizations. The study findings also suggest that IA cannot be considered as a comprehensive plan for information, but rather as a variable set of loosely related instruments and practices that help organizations manage information.Originality/valueThe study offers a unique perspective on the concept of IA, as it is practiced in the industry today, as well as a critical scrutiny of the respective prescriptions abundant in the existing literature. Although this study does not attempt to theorize on the findings, it makes a significant empirical contribution by offering a solid evidence-based view of IA and its key instruments currently missing in the available literature.
Consumer-dominant social marketing: a definition and explication
Authors: Anker Thomas Boysen , Gordon Ross , Zainuddin Nadia 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe emerging consumer-dominant logic of marketing captures consumers’ active and primary role in a range of mainstream marketing processes such as branding, product development and sales. However, consumers’ active role in driving pro-social behaviour change has not yet received close attention. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and explore consumer dominance in social marketing. The authors propose a definition of consumer-dominant social marketing (CDSM) and explicate five key elements which underpin the phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual study offers an analysis informed by exemplars with significant representations of consumer-dominant pro-social behaviours and projects. The methodological approach is characterised as “envisioning conceptualisation”, which is explained in terms of MacInnis’ (2011) framework for conceptual approaches in marketing.FindingsAs a phenomenon, CDSM operationalises the following elements: power, agency, resources, value and responsibility. The authors demonstrate how these elements are interconnected and define their meaning, significance and implications in the context of social marketing and pro-social behaviour change. The authors also identify this new form of social marketing as existing on a continuum depending on the level of involvement or dominance of the consumer and of social marketers; at one end of this continuum, exclusive CDSM is entirely consumer-driven and does not engage with businesses or organisations, while on the other end, inclusive CDSM encompasses partnership with external stakeholders to achieve pro-social behaviour change.Research limitations/implicationsThe existence of inclusive and exclusive CDSM points towards an intricate power balance between consumers, mainstream social marketers and businesses. While this study identifies and explains this substantial distinction, it is an important task for future research to systematise the relationship and explore the optimal balance between consumer activism and involvement of formalised organisations such as charities and businesses in pro-social behaviour change projects.Practical implicationsThe study provides social marketing professionals with an understanding of the benefits of harnessing consumer empowerment to enhance the impact of social marketing interventions.Originality/valueThe study makes a theoretical contribution by introducing, defining and explicating consumer dominance as a substantive area of social marketing.
The impact of industry-oriented capstone courses on the employability of EECS students in technological universities
Authors: Chang Jen-Chia , Shih Hsiao-Fang , Liao Fan-Ru 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study used the industry-oriented capstone course to increase the employability of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) students in technological university.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, EECS students were selected and divided into groups, and the non-equivalent pretest–posttest quasi-experimental research method was adopted.FindingsIndustry-oriented capstone courses can improve students' employability, especially general ability, behaviour and attitude.Practical implicationsThe results of this study and many other studies show that capstone courses are helpful for the soft skills of students.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence that industry-oriented capstone courses can improve EECS students' employability.
Does CEO power moderate the link between corporate social responsibility and bank earnings management
Authors: Miladi Emna , Chouaibi Jamel 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM) in US commercial banks and examines whether the chief executive officer (CEO) power can moderate this relationship.Design/methodology/approachFor a sample of American commercial banks covering 2009–2018, several equations and regressions are used to measure the main proxies for bank EM. The authors use the fixed effects model and generalized method of moment to investigate the CSR–EM relationship.FindingsThe authors find a significant positive relation between CSR and EM. Moreover, the authors find that CEO power moderates the CSR–EM relationship. This study also suggests a bidirectional relationship between CSR and EM.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this paper have important policy implications for policymakers, regulators and investors in their attempts to constrain EM practices and enhance the quality of financial reporting in US commercial banks.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between CSR practices and firm EM by particularly focusing on banking. This study offers new insights into whether the association between CSR practices and EM is moderated by the CEO power. To the best of the knowledge, the relationship between CSR and EM is not studied yet with the moderating role of CEO power.
Collaborative capabilities of cause-based social entrepreneurship alliance of firms
Authors: Ceesay Lamin B. , Rossignoli Cecilia , Mahto Raj V. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study examines the collaborative value practices of cause-based social entrepreneurship alliances. We investigate key drivers of value creation in such alliances.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a longitudinal case study design approach involving four northern Italian businesses for investigating the cause-based social alliances.FindingsThe study findings suggest that cause-based alliance differ from other business relationships due to social mission of the alliance and orientation of partners to a specific social cause. However, over time involved firm may pursue commercial interests.Research limitations/implicationsThe study utilizes a qualitative case study approach to examine the issues. This may have implications on generalizability of study findings. Further, the sample is limited to small firms, which limit its relevance for large firms.Practical implicationsManagers can utilize the study findings to guide the organizing process of a successful cause-based alliance and can implement it with positive outcomes for their firm.Originality/valueThis is one of the first study on the emerging phenomenon of cause-based social alliance. It contributes to the literature on social entrepreneurship. It informs and guides practitioners about motivations and drivers of such alliances.
Assessment of the mechanical properties of different textile materials used for outer shell of bulletproof vest: woven fabrics for military applications
Authors: Fayed A.I.H. , Abo El Amaim Y.A. , Ramy Ossama , Elgohary Doaa H. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the performance of four different textile materials used as an outer shell of the bulletproof vest.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, four different textile materials were used, polyurethane treatment was applied as a surface coating for the woven samples. Mechanical properties were conducted for all samples; scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy disperse spectroscopy were executed to show the surface morphology of samples and the chemical composition of the coating material.

Findings
One-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyse the results, which proved that all variables were highly significantly affected by using different textile materials, despite the stiffness variable being not significantly affected by textile materials. An overall evaluation was done using radar chart, demonstrated that Cordura material accomplished the best functional performance, using two types of calibres 7.62 × 54 mild steel core and 7.62 × 54 armour piercing incendiary; the common mechanism was localized burn because of the incendiary effect of the projectile in addition to tearing mechanism starting from inside because of penetration effect of the steel core.

Originality/value
This work was addressed to analyse the impact of using four different materials on its performance as the outer shell of bulletproof vest to achieve the desired degree of protection.