bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Severe Case of Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia Algerian Type with Two Mutations in COL2A1
Authors: Cammarata-Scalisi Francisco , Matysiak Uta , Willoughby Colin E. , Ruzaike Gunda , Cárdenas Tadich Antonio , Araya Castillo Maykol , Zara-Chirinos Carmen , Bracho Ana , Avendaño Andrea , Jilani Houweyda , Callea Michele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpondylometaphyseal dysplasia Algerian type (MIM no.: 184253) is an uncommon autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations in the COL2A1 gene (MIM no.: 120140). In this case based review, we reported a 5-year-old boy with short stature, severe dorsolumbar scoliosis, lumbar hyperlordosis, short trunk, and severe genu valgum. Radiological examination showed platyspondyly, irregular metaphyseal radiolucencies intermingled with radiodensities, and corner fractures. The patient has a c.3275G > A; p.Gly1092Asp mutation in exon 47 of the COL2A1 gene and a variant of unknown significance in c.1366–13C > A in intron 21. This latter sequence variant could partially or completely disrupt the natural splice acceptor site of intron 21/exon 22 in the COL2A1 gene leading to a potential modification of the phenotypic severity.
Viral tunes: changes in musical behaviours and interest in coronamusic predict socio-emotional coping during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Fink Lauren K. , Warrenburg Lindsay A. , Howlin Claire , Randall William M. , Hansen Niels Chr. , Wald-Fuhrmann Melanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBeyond immediate health risks, the COVID-19 pandemic poses a variety of stressors, which may require expensive or unavailable strategies during a pandemic (e.g., therapy, socialising). Here, we asked whether musical engagement is an effective strategy for socio-emotional coping. During the first lockdown period (April–May 2020), we surveyed changes in music listening and making behaviours of over 5000 people, with representative samples from three continents. More than half of respondents reported engaging with music to cope. People experiencing increased negative emotions used music for solitary emotional regulation, whereas people experiencing increased positive emotions used music as a proxy for social interaction. Light gradient-boosted regressor models were used to identify the most important predictors of an individual’s use of music to cope, the foremost of which was, intriguingly, their interest in “coronamusic.” Overall, our results emphasise the importance of real-time musical responses to societal crises, as well as individually tailored adaptations in musical behaviours to meet socio-emotional needs.
Structure, energy, and bonding in anionic water tetramers obtained by exhaustive search
Authors: Moreno Norberto , Restrepo Albeiro , Hadad Cacier Z. 
Published: July 2021

An analysis of the structures, some energy related properties, and key aspects of the bonding nature of the microsolvated electron with four water molecules is presented. The study is based on an exhaustive potential energy surface scan of the ground state of (H2O)4− at the UCCSD(T)/6-311(3+,4+)G(d,p)//UMP2/6-311(3+,4+)G(d,p) level. A total of 18 structures, most of them not reported before, spanning in an energy range of 8.8 kcal mol−1 were found. The energetic stability of the clusters is dictated by the effect of the excess electron on their structures, on their partial fragmentation, and on the hydrogen bonds’ framework. Vertical detachment energies depend on the number of water molecules holding the excess electron in “direct contact” to their two protons at the same time and, to a lesser extent, also depend on the hydrogen bond sequence in the rest of the structure. In general, hydrogen bonds in (H2O)4− are of closed shell character, and there are other less common interactions assisted by the excess electron.
Simulating the potential effects of a carp virus fish kill on water quality and phytoplankton in lentic environments
Authors: Pera Joseph B. , Davie Alec W. , Rohlfs Ann-Marie , Mitrovic Simon M. 
Published: July 2021

Decaying fish play an important role in delivering nutrients into rivers and lakes but can create water quality issues. The release of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) in Australia with an associated mass common carp mortality may have serious effects on water quality in lakes. To evaluate the effect of a virus-induced fish kill, different biomasses of dead common carp (250–6000 kg ha–1) were placed into 2000-L mesocosms within Prospect Reservoir, Australia, for up to 40 days. Decaying carp created anoxic conditions within all treatments except the 250 kg ha–1 treatment, in which oxygen saturation dropped to 30%. A higher biomass of carp led to longer periods of anoxia. Total nitrogen (TN) increased from a baseline of 0.25 to 1.5–30 mg L–1 in the different treatments, whereas total phosphorus (TP) increased from 0.01 to 0.05–5.0 mg L–1. Chlorophyll-a levels increased from <5 µg L–1 to levels between 100 and 1000 µg L–1 in the different treatments. Mean nutrient levels (TN and TP), chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biovolume all showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear relationship with carp biomass. This relationship can be used to support the quantification of water quality risk from a known biomass of carp. Our experiment suggests that carp mortality may significantly reduce water quality in shallow lakes where the biomass of dead carp is above moderate levels (250 kg ha–1).
Imperfect comb construction reveals the architectural abilities of honeybees
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Napp Nils , Petersen Kirstin H. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Honeybees are renowned for constructing perfect hexagonal lattices, but this paper showcases them as similarly skilled architects when fitting perfect lattices is impossible. Using automated image analysis, we quantified building challenges that bees face during natural construction and the methods they use to solve them. We found that workers preemptively change their building behavior in constrained geometries to make space for larger hexagonal cells, that irregular cell shapes come in regular combinations, and that bees change both tilt, size, and number of walls to meet different building challenges. Model comparisons, serving as upper and lower bounds for the efficacy of honeybees as building agents, showed that workers perform remarkably well given their lack of global sensing and central planning.
Microsporum canis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stockdale P. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Microsporum canis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the cat and dog, frequently transmitted to man. Also recorded from the chimpanzee, chinchilla, fox, lion, monkey, pig, rabbit, sheep and tiger. Experimental animals are susceptible to infection. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Infected hairs and animal claws usually fluoresce bright green under Wood's light and hairs are surrounded by ectothrix sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement. In cats the lesions are usually inconspicuous. They may occur on any part of the body, but particularly the face and paws, and the whiskers and claws may be involved. In dogs infection is more noticeable, and is characterized by small circular areas of scaling and alopecia, sometimes with oedema and crust formation, on any part of the body. The claws may also be infected. Infections in dogs have a well defined seasonal incidence with a peak in Oct. -Feb., but the incidence in cats is poorly defined (Kaplan & Ivens,
Sabouraudia
1: 91-102, 1961). In man the scalp (tinea capitis), glabrous skin (tinea corporis), and rarely the beard (tinea barbae), foot (tinea pedis) and nails (tinea unguium, onychomycosis) may be infected (mycoses). Children are most susceptible, particularly to scalp infection which is very rare in adults. Scalp lesions are scaling, inflammatory areas containing broken hairs or with total hair loss. Pustulation and kerion formation are not uncommon. Skin lesions are circinate, with a scaling centre and vesicular border. Kligman (RMVM 1, 2510; 2, 2484) studied the pathogenesis of tinea capitis caused by
M. canis
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt, French W. Africa, Sahara, Tunisia, Union of S. Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Philippines, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia (N.S.W.), New Zealand); Europe, North America, Central America and West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil (south of Pernambuco), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).
Microsporum ferrugineum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stockdale P. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Microsporum ferrugineum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man. Experimental animals are not susceptible to infection. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Primarily affecting the scalp (tinea capitis) and less frequently the glabrous skin, particularly of the face (tinea corporis) of children. Scalp lesions are usually non-inflammatory, scaling patches of alopecia. Infected hairs are surrounded by sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement, and usually fluoresce under Wood's light, but Germeraad & Klokke (
E. Afr. med. J
. 39: 515-519, 1962) saw no distinct fluorescence in 22 cases in Uganda. Skin lesions are usually scaly, with little or no inflammation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Angola, Cameroons, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, French West Africa, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ruanda-Burundi, Uganda); Asia (China, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Indo-China, Israel, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, France, Italy, Poland, Romania, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia (Macedonia)); North America (? Texas); South America (? Brazil,? Uruguay).
Rigidoporus lignosus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Pegler D. N. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rigidoporus lignosus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Hevea
and over 40 other tropical genera icluding cacao, coconut, coffee, tea and bamboo. DISEASE: White root rot. Common on rubber where it destroys the tap root so that diseased trees are easily blown over. The foliage turns yellow and this is accompanied by die-back in Asia, but these symptoms are absent in West Africa (45, 1166). Also parasitic on other perennial crops. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Fernando Po I., 'French Equatorial Africa', Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda), Asia (Brunei, Burma, Ceylon, India, Indo- China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand); Australasia & Oceania (New Guinea, New Hebrides); North America (Mexico); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Dominica); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Guyana). (CMI Map 176, ed. 2, 1966). TRANSMISSION:
Rigidoporus lignosus
is a rhizomorphic root-infecting fungus with an ectotrophic growth habit. The rhizomorph requires a food base, generally the tree stump on which it originated, until it encounters other dead wood or living or moribund tree roots which it can invade. Epiphytic growth of rhizomorphs may extend 5-15 feet ahead of actual penetration of live rubber roots (Napper, 1938) and descend the full length of the tap root to a depth of 181 feet (45, 1161d). Air-borne spores may also infect tree stumps immediately after felling (45, 201) and thus provide foci for the spread of rhizomorphs, as was earlier postulated by Petch (1921). This source of infection, however, is regarded as less important than root-infection (46, 1089).
Phragmidium rubi-idaei
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Rainbow A. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phragmidium rubi-idaei
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Rubus idaeus
(raspberry) and a few wild
Rubus
species. DISEASE: Cane rust or western yellow rust of raspberry, infecting canes, leaves, petioles and fruiting laterals. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout temperate areas in North America, Europe, U.S.S.R. and Japan. Also in Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By wind-blown spores. Basidiospores arise from teliospores on dead leaves on the ground in early spring and infect through both leaf surfaces; aeciospores and urediospores apparently infect only through the lower surface (Zeller & Lund, 1934).
Valsa eugeniae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Valsa eugeniae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On clove (
Eugenia aromaticd
), rose apple (
E. jambos
), cashew (
Anacardium occidentale
) and pimento (
Pimenta dioica
). DISEASE: Sudden death of cloves in Zanzibar and Pemba (32: 278). Also reported causing the death of cashew (35: 496) but is not pathogenic to pimento in Jamaica, where dieback is attributed to
Ceratocystis fimbriata
(45, 2918, CMI Descript. 141). On clove the classical symptoms occur only in mature trees. A barely discernible yellowing of the foliage is followed by a heavy green-leaf fall and wilt of the remaining leaves which wither to a russet colour. A few days after death, a yellow stain in the wood is seen at the collar. This spreads up the trunk and is generally distributed 9 months later but occurs much earlier in the roots. The stain is often separated from healthy wood by a sharp black zone line and a narrow bluish-grey zone. Tyloses and gum occur in the vessels. Some 3-4 months after death of the tree the perithecia appear, through cracks in the bark, at ground level, and fructification moves upwards. Fruiting can continue for several years on trunk and branches. The pycnidia, which appear before the perithecia, are abundant on cut, split or broken woody surfaces in moist conditions. Where new plantings of clove are made in areas killed off by sudden death, young trees up to nearly 20 years old exhibit a slow decline and unthrifty appearance with yellowish and sparse foliage accompanied by a slow but progressive root rot. Seedlings are immune from infection by
V. eugeniae
and plants up to 4 years old are very resistant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, Malaysia (W.), Tanzania and Thailand. Its presence in the Malagasy Republic seems doubtful. TRANSMISSION: Not known. In mature trees natural infection probably begins in the absorbing roots spreading into larger roots and thence to the collar.
Valsa eugeniae
can also cause a stem dieback functioning as a wound parasite. Yellow stain is formed as in the root disease.
Pseudomonas striafaciens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudomonas striafaciens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Avena sativa, A. byzantina
and
Hordeum vulgare
are also susceptible (Elliott, 1951). Tessi (1953) showed that
Briza maxima, Bromus catharticus, B. hordeaceans
and
B. rubens
are all slightly susceptible to artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Bacterial stripe blight of oats. Lesions appear mainly on the leaves as sunken, water-soaked spots, which grow or coalesce forming long water-soaked stripes. Bacterial exudate is often seen, especially under humid conditions. Older lesions become a translucent brownish colour. Sheaths, culms, pedicels and glumes are sometimes affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: N. America, Argentine, U.S.S.R. Australia (CMI Map 363, 1959) and Japan (47, 2693). TRANSMISSION: As for
P. coronafaciens
.
Alternaria crassa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria crassa
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Datura stramonium
(Jimson weed, thorn apple) and other species of
Datura
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Datura. Irregular, straw-coloured, zonate spots occur first on the lower leaves, spreading upwards until later in the growing season the seed pods develop dark, sunken lesions. Heavily infected leaves are often shed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Cyprus, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Germany, Ghana, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Rumania, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not known.
Alternaria macrospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria macrospora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On cotton (
Gossypium
spp.) and possibly on other hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cotton. On leaves a small, necrotic spot, with a purplish halo, expands to about 1 cm diam., the centre becoming grey and cracked; the zonation is more clearly defined on the upper surface. Defoliation can be severe, especially where the peduncle becomes infected (28: 65). Stem lesions begin as a small sunken spot which develops into a canker, the tissue splitting and cracking to cause a break. The glandular areas on the receptacle are also attacked and this can result in failure of the boll to develop. Flowers and bolls may be shed; the latter become mummified and the fibre attacked (20: 461; 30: 37). Boll rots can also be caused by
A. gossypina
(Thum.) Hopkins (17: 674; 26: 14). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Central African Republic, Ceylon, China, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Formosa, France, French Sudan, Ghana, Guadeloupe, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Rumania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad, Uganda, Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: No observations appear to have been reported; seed transmission is possible.
Alternaria porri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria porri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Allium
spp. including chive, garlic, leek, onion and shallot. DISEASE: Purple blotch of onion. The first symptoms are small, white lesions on the leaves; these, under wet conditions, develop into elliptical purplish areas, spreading to several centimetres long and with a yellowish border. Sporulation on these results in the formation of dark and light concentric zones. If conditions, after the initial appearance of symptoms, become dry (RH < 70%) then the white fleck lesions do not develop into the typical purple blotch. After 3
-
4 weeks the leaves collapse and infection can spread to the bulb, causing a deep yellow to reddish watery rot. The scales become desiccated and dark. Bulbs may be small or fail to develop. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, CMI Map 350, ed. 3; two new records not mapped are Nepal and S. Africa (47, 964). TRANSMISSION: The air-borne conidia increase with rain and wind and have a diurnal periodicity with a max. concentration between 0800 and 1400 hr, few being released between 2000 and 0600 hr (45, 1596). The pathogen is carried over from season to season in crop debris (40: 717).
Verticillium nigrescens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hawksworth D. L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Verticillium nigrescens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Solanum tuberosum, Lycopersicon esculentum
; more rarely on
Antirrhinum, Beta, Gramineae
and
Pteridium aquilinum
. DISEASE: Only weakly or not pathogenic (usually saprophytic). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Britain, Canada. TRANSMISSION: Unknown.
Puccinia granularis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Puccinia granularis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Pelargonium
spp. DISEASE: Rust of pelargonium. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, South Africa).
Hendersonula toruloidea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hendersonula toruloidea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts including
Acacia
spp.,
Agave sisalana, Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Citrus
spp.,
Dioscorea
spp.,
Ficus carica, Furcraea
spp.,
Hevea brasiliensis, Ipomoea batatas, Juglans regia, Juglans hindsii, Malus pumila, Mangifera indica, Manihot utilissima, Melia azedarach, Morus alba, Musa
spp.,
Liriodendron bipinnatifidum, Pithecolobium dulce, Plumeria acutifolia, Populus alba, Prunus
spp.,
Psidium guajava, Sansevieria
spp.,
Solanum tuberosum, Trifolium alexandrinum, Trigonella
spp.,
Vitis vinifera
(Browne, 1968 and Herb. IMI). Also pathogenic to man (Gentles & Evans, 1970). DISEASE:
On plants
: Causing branch wilt of fig, grapevine and walnut; dieback of apple, grapefruit, mulberry, stone fruit and walnut; canker of grapefruit, mandarin orange and mulberry; gummosis of apple, fig, grapefruit, mandarin orange, poplar and walnut; fruit rot of Cavendish banana and orange (on inoculation); associated with a rot of potato tubers (
Solanum tuberosum
) in U.K. following inoculation with roots of potato naturally infected with
Phoma exigua
(Herb. IMI) and a storage rot of yam (
Dioscorea
spp.) in Nigeria (45, 3254).
On man
: The fungus has been isolated in U.K. from infections of feet and/or toe-nails of former residents of the tropics (Gentles & Evans, 1970). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania), Asia (Cyprus, India, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan); North America (U.S.A. : California); Central America and the West Indies (Jamaica); Europe (U.K.). TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne spores. A wound parasite of fig (43, 2007), grapefruit (34: 365), grapevine (46, 2590), mulberry (35: 647) and of banana and orange fruit (43, 1716). Germinating conidia penetrate walnut branches only through breaks in the periderm (43, 884u) especially cracks caused by sun scorch (35: 495; 44, 1757b). Hail damage also predisposes fig to branch wilt (43, 2007).