bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carpool services for ride‐sharing platforms: Price and welfare implications
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhang Renyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere has been rapid growth in on‐demand ride‐hailing platforms that serve as an intermediary to match individual service providers (drivers) with consumer demand (riders). Several major players of this market have introduced carpool services that allow passengers heading toward the same direction to share a ride at a discounted fare. In this article, we develop an analytical model to study the pricing issues of ride‐sharing platforms in the presence of carpool services, and their economical and social implications. We show that the carpool service should be provided when its quality and/or the pooling efficiency is high. When the platform finds it optimal to offer the carpool service option, the platform achieves a larger market coverage and the riders are able to enjoy more affordable rides without compromising on service quality. Our analysis reveals that the provision of carpool services benefits the platform and the riders in general, but may hurt the drivers.
The k‐path vertex cover: General bounds and chordal graphs
Authors: Bujtás Csilla , Jakovac Marko , Tuza Zsolt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor an integer , a k‐path vertex cover of a graph is a set that shares a vertex with every path subgraph of order k in G. The minimum cardinality of a k‐path vertex cover is denoted by . We give estimates—mostly upper bounds—on in terms of various parameters, including vertex degrees and the number of vertices and edges. The problem is also considered on chordal graphs and planar graphs.
A legally‐informed definition of volunteering in nonprofits and social enterprises: Unpaid work meets profit motives
Authors: Overgaard Charlotte , A. Kerlin Janelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article presents a definition of volunteering that will help organizations and workers, especially those engaged in commercial activity for a social purpose, determine when U.S. organizations can legally draw on volunteer labor. By drawing on recent U.S. court cases, the intentions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to protect vulnerable workers and the wider framing literature on organizational logics, work, and volunteering, we outline under which circumstances workers are considered employees rather than volunteers and therefore covered by the FLSA and entitled to minimum pay. We show that in order to determine the legalities of work under current law, it is necessary, but not sufficient, to consider whether activities are carried out for commercial purposes. What matters most for a legally‐informed definition is the role performed within organizations and the promises made to individual workers in terms of compensation.
Strain rate effects on the thermomechanical behavior of glass/polyester composite joints
Authors: Tarfaoui Mostapha , Sassi Sonia , Lagdani Oumnia , Nachtane Mourad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor several decades, composite materials have been used in different applications due to their multiple advantages. It has become necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of these materials under critical loads. In‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OP) dynamic compression tests were investigated on a cubic specimen of composite joints under low to high strain rates using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) technique. The specimens consist of two adherents (glass/polyester composite) assembled by an adhesive with different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm). During the experimental tests, the high‐speed camera was used to check the damage history and the failure mechanisms on adhesively bonded composite joints. The sample surface temperatures were monitored using an infrared camera (IR). For bonding of two composite substrates, it can be noted that the thickness of the adhesive has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior and the kinetics of the damage. It has been concluded that the damage was localized at the level of the layers in the case of in‐plane loading and the level of the adhesive zone in the case of out‐of‐plane loading. The thermomechanical behavior of cubic specimens of adhesively bonded joints subjected to dynamic compression has been studied. The results underline the sensitivity of the dynamic behavior of the adhesively bonded joints to the strain rate, the loading direction and the appearance of heat dissipation linked to the increase in temperature following the initiation of damage. This rise of temperature can dangerously approach the glass transition temperature of the matrix.
Differences between Spanish students' and teaching professionals' knowledge of and attitudes toward ADHD—Does knowledge influence attitude?
Authors: Cueli Marisol , Areces Débora , Rodríguez Celestino , Cabaleiro Paloma , González‐Castro Paloma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to analyze knowledge and attitudes toward attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in university students (infant education, primary education, teaching, and psychology students) and teachers (elementary, primary and secondary school teachers, and university teachers). A total of 417 university students and 170 teachers took part in the study. All of the participants completed the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Teachers' Knowledge of ADHD and a scale about specific attitudes toward ADHD. The results indicated differences in knowledge between the teachers and the university students but no differences in attitudes. Teachers had deeper knowledge about ADHD than the university students, with greater knowledge in the dimensions of Treatment and Symptoms/Diagnosis. Furthermore, the levels of knowledge predicted attitudes, reflecting the importance of more educational training programs (for students and professionals) providing information about ADHD.
SARS‐CoV‐2 acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children: Neither frequent nor more severe
Authors: Andina‐Martinez David , Alonso‐Cadenas Jose A. , Cobos‐Carrascosa Elena , Bodegas Inmaculada , Oltra‐Benavent Manuel , Plazaola Ane , Epalza Cristina , Jimenez‐García Raquel , Moraleda Cinta , Tagarro Alfredo ,   the EPICO‐AEP Working Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionEndemic coronaviruses have been found in acute bronchiolitis, mainly as a coinfecting virus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been responsible for respiratory illness in hospitalized children. The characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis have not been extensively described.MethodsCross‐sectional study of patients with bronchiolitis and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter cohort of children hospitalized with COVID‐19 in Spain from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021.ResultsTwelve of 666 children infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 who required hospital admission met the diagnostic criteria for bronchiolitis (1.8%). Median age was 1.9 months (range: 0.4–10.1). Six cases had household contact with a confirmed or probable COVID‐19 case. Main complaints were cough (11 patients), rhinorrhea (10), difficulty breathing (8), and fever (8). Eleven cases were classified as mild or moderate and one as severe. Laboratory tests performed in seven patients did not evidence anemia, lymphopenia, or high C‐reactive protein levels. Chest X‐rays were performed in six children, and one case showed remarkable findings. Coinfection with metapneumovirus was detected in the patient with the most severe course; Bordetella pertussis was detected in another patient. Seven patients required oxygen therapy. Albuterol was administered in four patients. One patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Median length of admission was 4 days (range: 3–14). No patient died or showed any sequelae at discharge. Two patients developed recurrent bronchospasms.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 infection does not seem to be a main trigger of severe bronchiolitis, and children with this condition should be managed according to clinical practice guidelines.
One‐Step Fabrication of High‐Performance Energetic Metal‐Organic Framework [Cu(atrz)3[NO3]2]n Films and its Tunable Crystal Structure
Authors: Su Hui , Yan Shi , Zhao Chaofeng , Peng Panpan , Jin Liang , Li Shenghua , Pang Siping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanoenergetics‐on‐a‐chip (NOC) have been widely used with excellent performance. Nevertheless, the development of simple, convenient, low cost, and environmentally friendly strategies for preparation of energetic metal‐organic framework (E‐MOF) NOC films remains a challenge. In this work, we present a one‐step solvothermal method to deposit three‐dimensional (3‐D) E‐MOF films, [MOFfilm(Cu); [Cu(atrz)3(NO3)2]n (atrz=4,4’‐azo‐1,2,4‐triazole)] on oxidized copper foil. Physicochemical properties, including morphologies, decomposition temperature, sensitivity, laser ignition characteristics, and flame height of the MOFfilm(Cu) films were analysed. With thermal stability up to 243 °C, the resulting MOFfilm(Cu) films exhibit low sensitivity (Impact sensitivity (IS): 16 J; Friction sensitivity (FS): 112 N, and Electrostatic sensitivity (ESD): 24.75 J), combined with laser ignition capability. After laser excitement, MOFfilm(Cu) films can act as an ignition material owing to a remarkable flame height (8 mm) and a violent explosion process (180 μs). More importantly, the energetic properties for MOFfilm(Cu) films are conveniently tunable via a simple anion exchange strategy, and two new energetic MOF films, MOFfilm(Cu) ⋅ SO4 and MOFfilm(Cu) ⋅ BF4, have been prepared. This work provides a simple, safe, convenient, and lower cost strategy for fabricating energetic MOF films that are applicable in NOC technologies, and opens a new field for the application of anion exchange strategy.
Event‐triggered control for discrete‐time multi‐agent average consensus
Authors: Mishra Rajiv Kumar , Ishii Hideaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the average consensus problem for the multi‐agent system in the discrete‐time domain. Three triggering based control protocols are developed, which dictate the broadcast and control update instants of individual agents to alleviate communication and computational burden. Lyapunov‐based design methods prescribe when agents should communicate and update their control so that the network converges to the average of agents' initial states. We start with a static version of the distributed event‐triggering law and then generalize it so that it involves an internal auxiliary variable to regulate the threshold dynamically for each agent. The third protocol uses a self‐triggering algorithm to avoid continuous listening wherein each agent estimates its next triggering time and broadcasts it to its neighbors at the current triggering time. Numerical simulations are shown to validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Finite‐time adaptive event‐triggered asynchronous state estimation for Markov jump systems with cyber‐attacks
Authors: Zha Lijuan , Liao Rongfei , Liu Jinliang , Xie Xiangpeng , Cao Jinde , Xiong Lianglin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article considers the issue of finite‐time asynchronous state estimation for event‐triggered nonlinear Markovian jump systems subject to cyber‐attacks. An adaptive event‐triggered scheme is introduced to cope with the capacity constraint of the networked resources. It is assumed that the transmitted sensor measurements may experience randomly malicious cyber‐attacks. Considering the effect of the adaptive event‐triggered scheme and the occurrence of cyber‐attacks, we establish a new state estimation error system model. Sufficient conditions of the finite‐time boundedness and the finite‐time boundedness are developed for the augmented system. Then, the design methods of the asynchronous estimator gains are derived, which can ensure the finite‐time boundedness of the estimation error system. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
ParTransgrid: A scalable parallel preprocessing tool for unstructured‐grid cell‐centered computational fluid dynamics applications
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Jie , Zhou Naichun , Tang Jing , He Xie , Chen Jianqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of a basic scalable preprocessing tool is the key routine to accelerate the entire computational fluid dynamics (CFD) workflow toward the exascale computing era. In this work, a parallel preprocessing tool, called ParTransgrid, is developed to translate the general grid format like CFD General Notation System into an efficient distributed mesh data format for large‐scale parallel computing. Through ParTransgrid, a flexible face‐based parallel unstructured mesh data structure designed in Hierarchical Data Format can be obtained to support various cell‐centered unstructured CFD solvers. The whole parallel preprocessing operations include parallel grid I/O, parallel mesh partition, and parallel mesh migration, which are linked together to resolve the run‐time and memory consumption bottlenecks for increasingly large grid size problems. An inverted index search strategy combined with a multi‐master‐slave communication paradigm is proposed to improve the pairwise face matching efficiency and reduce the communication overhead when constructing the distributed sparse graph in the phase of parallel mesh partition. And we present a simplified owner update rule to fast the procedure of raw partition boundaries migration and the building of shared faces/nodes communication mapping list between new sub‐meshes with an order of magnitude of speed‐up. Experiment results reveal that ParTransgrid can be easily scaled to billion‐level grid CFD applications, the preparation time for parallel computing with hundreds of thousands of cores is reduced to a few minutes.
Antibiotic use but not gastrointestinal infection frequently precedes first diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Shah Ayesha , Walker Marjorie M. , Koloski Natasha A. , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile the etiopathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is not completely understood, alterations of the intestinal microbiome have been observed. Antibiotics can induce dysbiosis, but whether antibiotics are a risk factor for the onset of FGIDs is uncertain. Antibiotics have been reported as both a risk factor for new onset FGID but also as a therapy for existing FGID. This study aimed to estimate the fraction of cases where antibiotics provoked the onset of FGID.MethodElectronic medical records were obtained from general practices (primary care) in the United Kingdom. Dates of antibiotic prescription (AP) were compared with first date of FGID diagnosis and contrasted across three prevalent FGIDs and controls without gastrointestinal disorders.ResultsThere were 10,926 GI healthy controls, 4326 IBS alone, 3477 FD alone, 340 chronic constipation and 4402 with overlap of multiple conditions. Both the prevalence of AP and rate were higher in FGID patients and increased with diagnosis of multiple FGIDs. 7%–14% of FGID patients were prescribed their first recorded antibiotic in the 12 months prior to their first FGID diagnosis and 20%–33% were prescribed an antibiotic in the same period. Differences between FGID groups were not accounted for by social deprivation and only rate of AP was moderated by social deprivation. In contrast, only 5%–10% of patients ever had a gastrointestinal infection recorded and only 1.5%–3.5% prior to their first FGID diagnosis.ConclusionThese data indicate that antibiotics are prescribed prior to FGID diagnosis in a significant minority of care‐seeking FGID patients, opening the potential for this medication to contribute to the pathophysiology. APs appears to mostly be for non‐gastrointestinal conditions.
Data‐driven virtual sensing and dynamic strain estimation for fatigue analysis of offshore wind turbine using principal component analysis
Authors: Tarpø Marius , Amador Sandro , Katsanos Evangelos , Skog Mattias , Gjødvad Johan , Brincker Rune 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVirtual sensing enables estimation of stress in unmeasured locations of a system using a system model, physical sensors and a process model. The system model holds the relationship between the physical sensors and the desired stress response. A process model processes both the physical sensors and the system model to synthesise virtual sensors that ‘measure’ the desired stress response. Thus, virtual sensing enables mapping between the physical sensors (input) and the desired stress response (output). The system model is a mathematical model of the system based on knowledge or data of the system. Here, the data‐driven system model is constructed directly on data analyses for the specific system. In this paper, supervised learning and data‐driven system models are applied to strain estimation of an offshore wind turbine in the dynamic range through a novel use of principal component analysis (PCA); 40 min of training data is used to establish the data‐driven system model that can estimate the dynamic strain response with high precision for 2 months, while the estimated fatigue damage averaged out to −1.76% of the measured strain response.
Repurposing brewery contaminant yeast as production strains for low‐alcohol beer fermentation
Authors: Krogerus Kristoffer , Eerikäinen Ronja , Aisala Heikki , Gibson Brian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA number of fungal isolates were recently obtained from a survey of the microbiota of multiple breweries and brewery products. Here, we sought to explore whether any of these brewery contaminants could be repurposed for beneficial use in beer fermentations, with particular focus on low‐alcohol beer. There were 56 yeast strains first screened for the utilization of different carbon sources, ability to ferment brewer's wort, and formation of desirable aroma compounds. A number of strains appeared maltose‐negative and produced desirable aromas without obvious off‐flavours. These were selected for further scaled‐up wort fermentations. The selected strains efficiently reduced wort aldehydes during fermentation, thus eliminating undesirable wort‐like off‐flavours, and produced a diverse volatile aroma profile. Two strains, Trigonopsis cantarellii and Candida sojae, together with a commercial Saccharomycodes ludwigii reference strain, were selected for 30‐L‐scale wort fermentations based on aroma profile and similarity to a commercial reference beer during sensory analysis using projective mapping. Both strains performed comparably to the commercial reference, and the T. cantarellii strain in particular, produced low amounts of off‐flavours and a significantly higher amount of the desirable monoterpene alcohol trans‐geraniol. The strain was also sensitive to common food preservatives and antifungal compounds and unable to grow at 37°C, suggesting it is relatively easily controllable in the brewery, and appears to have low risk of pathogenicity. This study shows how the natural brewery microbiota can be exploited as a source of non‐conventional yeasts for low‐alcohol beer production.
Modular chains in infinite groups
Authors: De Falco Maria , de Giovanni Francesco , Musella Carmela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of projective images of the groups which are finite over a term of their upper central series. In particular, we prove that for any positive integer k, the class of finitely generated groups in which the k-th term of the upper central series has finite index can be described in terms of lattice invariants, and so it is invariant under projectivities. In this context, we also study groups that have only finitely many maximal subgroups which are not permodular.
Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in second-generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK
Authors: Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Garfield Victoria , Eastwood Sophie V. , Farmer Ruth E. , Mathur Rohini , Giannakopoulou Olga , Patalay Praveetha , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Sattar Naveed , Hughes Alun , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Chaturvedi Nish 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Excess risks of type 2 diabetes in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared with Europeans remain unexplained. We studied risks and determinants of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity.

Methods
Data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of ~500,000 participants aged 40–69 at recruitment, were used. Type 2 diabetes was assigned using self-report and HbA1c. Ethnicity was both self-reported and genetically assigned using admixture level scores. European, mixed European/South Asian (MixESA), mixed European/African Caribbean (MixEAC), SA and AC groups were analysed, matched for age and sex to enable comparison. In the frames of this cross-sectional study, we compared type 2 diabetes in second- vs first-generation migrants, and mixed ethnicity vs non-mixed groups. Risks and explanations were analysed using logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively.

Results
Type 2 diabetes prevalence was markedly elevated in SA (599/3317 = 18%) and AC (534/4180 = 13%) compared with Europeans (140/3324 = 4%). Prevalence was lower in second- vs first-generation SA (124/1115 = 11% vs 155/1115 = 14%) and AC (163/2200 = 7% vs 227/2200 = 10%). Favourable adiposity (i.e. lower waist/hip ratio or BMI) contributed to lower risk in second-generation migrants. Type 2 diabetes in mixed populations (MixESA: 52/831 = 6%, MixEAC: 70/1045 = 7%) was lower than in comparator ethnic groups (SA: 18%, AC: 13%) and higher than in Europeans (4%). Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess type 2 diabetes risk in MixESA and MixEAC compared with Europeans, respectively. Replacing self-reported with genetically assigned ethnicity corroborated the mixed ethnicity analysis.

Conclusions/interpretation
Type 2 diabetes risks in second-generation SA and AC migrants are a fifth lower than in first-generation migrants. Mixed ethnicity risks were markedly lower than SA and AC groups, though remaining higher than in Europeans. Distribution of environmental risk factors, largely obesity and socioeconomic status, appears to play a key role in accounting for ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk.

Graphical abstract
The EANM guideline for radiosynoviorthesis
Authors: Kampen W.U. , Boddenberg-Pätzold B. , Fischer M. , Gabriel M. , Klett R. , Konijnenberg M. , Kresnik E. , Lellouche H. , Paycha F. , Terslev L. , Turkmen C. , van der Zant F. , Antunovic L. , Panagiotidis E. , Gnanasegaran G. , Kuwert T. , Van den Wyngaert T. ,   the EANM Bone & Joint Committee, the Dosimetry Committee, the Oncology & Theranostics Committee
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeRadiosynoviorthesis (RSO) using the intraarticular application of beta-particle emitting radiocolloids has for decades been used for the local treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. The injected radiopharmaceuticals are phagocytized by the superficial macrophages of the synovial membrane, resulting in sclerosis and fibrosis of the formerly inflamed tissue, finally leading to reduced joint effusion and alleviation of joint pain.MethodsThe European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) has written and approved these guidelines in tight collaboration with an international team of clinical experts, including rheumatologists. Besides clinical and procedural aspects, different national legislative issues, dosimetric considerations, possible complications, and side effects are addressed.ConclusionThese guidelines will assist nuclear medicine physicians in performing radiosynoviorthesis. Since there are differences regarding the radiopharmaceuticals approved for RSO and the official indications between several European countries, this guideline can only give a framework that must be adopted individually.