bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic complement activation levels in Stargardt disease
Authors: Dhooge Patty P. A. , Runhart Esmee H. , Li Catherina H. Z. , de Kat Angelino Corrie M. , Hoyng Carel B. , van der Molen Renate G. , den Hollander Anneke I. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Preclinical research provides evidence for the complement system as a potential common pathway in Stargardt disease (STGD1) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leading to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss. However, systemic complement activation has not yet been assessed in STGD1 patients. We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study to assess systemic complement activation in STGD1 patients and its association with disease severity.

Methods
Systemic concentrations of complement component C3 and its degradation product C3d were compared between 80 STGD1 patients and 80 controls that were frequency matched for age and sex. The C3d/C3 ratio was used as parameter of systemic complement activation. Within the STGD1 cohort, we additionally examined the association between the C3d/C3 ratio, demographic and behavioural factors (age, sex, smoking and BMI), and measures of disease severity (age at onset, visual acuity, and area of atrophy).

Results
The C3d/C3 ratio did not significantly differ between patients (mean C3d/C3 ratio 3.5±1.4) and controls (mean C3d/C3 ratio 3.6±1.0), mean difference -0.156 (p = 0.804, independent samples t-test). The overall effect size was 8% (95% confidence interval, 3–15%). Elevated C3d/C3 ratios (>8.1) were found in three patients who all had a concomitant inflammatory condition at the time of blood draw. Within the patient cohort, C3 levels were associated with sex (mean difference -134, p = 0.001, independent samples t-test) and BMI (correlation coefficient 0.463, p<0.001, Spearman’s Correlation).

Conclusions
Systemic complement levels were not elevated in STGD1 patients compared to age and sex matched controls and was not associated with STGD1 severity. Considering the continued absent proof of a systemic contribution of the complement system to RPE loss in STGD1 patients, we hypothesize that complement activation in STGD1 is more likely a local process. In light of upcoming complement-targeted therapies, further studies are needed that measure complement levels in the eye of STGD1 patients.
Fatty infiltration in cervical flexors and extensors in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy using a multi-muscle segmentation model
Authors: Paliwal Monica , Weber Kenneth A. , Smith Andrew C. , Elliott James M. , Muhammad Fauziyya , Dahdaleh Nader S. , Bodurka Jerzy , Dhaher Yasin , Parrish Todd B. , Mackey Sean , Smith Zachary A. 
Published: June 2021

Background
In patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) that have spinal cord compression and sensorimotor deficits, surgical decompression is often performed. However, there is heterogeneity in clinical presentation and post-surgical functional recovery.

Objectives
Primary: a) to assess differences in muscle fat infiltration (MFI) in patients with DCM versus controls, b) to assess association between MFI and clinical disability. Secondary: to assess association between MFI pre-surgery and post-surgical functional recovery.

Study design
Cross-sectional case control study.

Methods
Eighteen patients with DCM (58.6 ± 14.2 years, 10 M/8F) and 25 controls (52.6 ± 11.8 years, 13M/12 F) underwent 3D Dixon fat-water imaging. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to segment cervical muscles (MFSS- multifidus and semispinalis cervicis, LC- longus capitis/colli) and quantify MFI. Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) and Nurick were collected.

Results
Patients with DCM had significantly higher MFI in MFSS (20.63 ± 5.43 vs 17.04 ± 5.24, p = 0.043) and LC (18.74 ± 6.7 vs 13.66 ± 4.91, p = 0.021) than controls. Patients with increased MFI in LC and MFSS had higher disability (LC: Nurick (Spearman’s ρ = 0.436, p = 0.003) and mJOA (ρ = -0.399, p = 0.008)). Increased MFI in LC pre-surgery was associated with post-surgical improvement in Nurick (ρ = -0.664, p = 0.026) and mJOA (ρ = -0.603, p = 0.049).

Conclusion
In DCM, increased muscle adiposity is significantly associated with sensorimotor deficits, clinical disability, and functional recovery after surgery. Accurate and time efficient evaluation of fat infiltration in cervical muscles may be conducted through implementation of CNN models.
PESAN AL-QUR’AN TENTANG DAKWAH MODERAT
Authors: Baidowi Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Sejarah Islam memperlihatkan bahwa keberhasilan dakwah Islam bukan dilakukan dengan cara-cara yang mempergunakan kekerasan. Alih-alih, Islam berhasil berkembang ke berbagai tempat karena disampaikan dengan cara-cara moderat, sehingga lebih mudah diterima oleh masyarakat. Sikap moderat dan anti-kekerasan dalam menyampaikan dakwah ini bukan hanya diajarkan oleh agama melalui Al-Qur’an ataupun dicontohkan Nabi Muhammad SAW, namun juga diperankan oleh para penyampai dakwah Islam ke masyarakat. Sebagian muncul dalam konsep-konsep anti-kekerasan yang berhasil diaplikasikan dalam berbagai modelnya kepada masyarakat yang menjadi subyek dakwah. Kajian ini memperlihatkan bahwa adaptasi menjadi nilai yang penting dalam pendekatan dakwah yang moderat, sehingga mendukung keberhasilan dakwah yang dilakukan. Pendekatan psikologi-sosial-budaya dijadikan sebagai alternatif sehingga agama Islam menjadi lebih mudah diterima oleh masyarakat.The history of Islam shows that the success of Islamic da'wa is not through the ways of violence. Instead, Islam has succeeded in expanding to the communities in most places because it has been preached moderately so that the communities can accept Islam more easily. Moderate and non-violent attitude in conveying da'wa is not only taught by Al-Qur'an or exemplified by Prophet Muhammad SAW, but also acted by the preachers of Islam within the communities. These concepts of non-violence have been successfully applied in various models and approaches for the sake of the people as the subject of Islamic da'wa. This study shows that adaptation is an important point in a moderate approach of da'wa that support the success of the da'wa to societies. In other words, the socio-cultural and psychological approach has been the alternative way in Islamic da’wa in order that Islam becomes more easily accepted by the communities.
Pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen dan oxo-degradable (Oxium) pada pertumbuhan Mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii
Authors: Khoironi Adian , Huda Khoirul , Hambyah Imron , Dianratri Inggar 
Published: June 2021

Salah satu cara yang digunakan di Indonesia dalam menanggulangi berlimpahnya jumlah sampah plastik di lingkungan perairan adalah dengan menggantikan kantong plastik berbahan polimer polietilen (PE) dengan plastik oxodegradable yang disebut oxium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dengan plastic oxodegradable oxium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii sebagai mikroorganisme yang akan mendapat perlakuan mikroplastik dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Dari Hasil pengukuran optical density untuk menentukan laju pertumbuhan mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis dengan perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan mikroplastik oxium. Konsentrasi mikroplastik ikut berperan dalam menentukan laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii di mana pada perlakuan mikroplastik oxium terjadi penurunan hingga 37,66% pada konsentrasi mikroplastik 300mg/500mL dan 81,70% pada perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen dengan konsentrasi 200mg/500mL. Mikroplastik polietilen dan oxium memberikan dampak negatif pada organisme tingkat rendah disebabkan oleh kemampuannya dalam melepas bahan aditif yang bersifat toksik sehingga diperlukan solusi yang lebih baik untuk menggantikan fungsi plastik dengan bahan yang lebih ramah bagi lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACTOne of the methods used in Indonesia in tackling the abundance of plastic waste in the aquatic environment is to replace plastic bags made of polyethylene (PE) polymer with oxodegradable plastic called oxium. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) microplastic polyethylene with oxodegradable oxium plastic. The research was conducted using the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii as microorganisms that will receive microplastic treatment with different concentrations. From the results of optical density measurements to determine the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae, it was shown that the growth rate of Tetraselmis with polyethylene microplastics treatment decreased significantly compared to oxium microplastics. The concentration of microplastics played a role in determining the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii where in the oxium microplastic treatment there was a decrease of up to 37.66% at the microplastic concentration of 300mg/500mL and 81.70% at the polyethylene microplastic treatment with a concentration of 200mg/500mL. Polyethylene and oxyum microplastics have a negative impact on low-level organisms due to their ability to release toxic additives so that better solutions are needed to replace the function of plastics with materials that are more environmentally friendly.
The curveYn=Xℓ(Xm+ 1) over finite fields II
Authors: Tafazolian Saeed , Torres Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLetFbe the finite field of orderq2. In this paper we continue the study in [24], [23], [22] ofF-maximal curves defined by equations of typeyn=xℓ(xm+1).${{y}^{n}}={{x}^{\ell }}\left( {{x}^{m}}+1 \right).$New results are obtained via certain subcovers of the nonsingular model ofvN=ut2−u${{v}^{N}}={{u}^{{{t}^{2}}}}-u$whereq=tα,α≥ 3 is odd andN= (tα+ 1)/(t+ 1). We observe that the caseα= 3 is closely related to the Giulietti–Korchmáros curve.
Innovation Strategy Development and Facilitation of an Integrative Process with an MCDM Framework
Authors: Chou Sheng-Fang , Horng Jeou-Shyan , Liu Chih-Hsing , Lin Jun-You 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drawing on the resource-based view, we propose a model to understand the roles of human capital, market and entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capacity and ways to improve performance with an effective innovation strategy for hospitality development. We combine the Fuzzy Delphi Method, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and analytic network process to demonstrate the interactions and relations among critical criteria by using data from 20 Taiwanese restaurant entrepreneurs obtained in 2015–2017. The positive effects of human capital, market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity on innovation performance are confirmed. These findings advance resource-based scholarship and highlight the value of understanding the relationship between a restaurant’s tangible and intangible resources for hospitality development.
Çok kriterli karar verme analizi ile elektrik üretim şirketlerinin finansal performans analizi: Entropi tabanlı Cocoso yöntemi
Authors: Topal Ayşe 
Published: June 2021

Günümüzde artan nüfus ve endüstrileşmeyle beraber, enerji tüketimi de hızla artmaktadır. Artan bu enerji ihtiyacını verimli bir biçimde karşılamak amacıyla 2000’li yıllarda Türkiye elektrik sektörü bir dönüşüm geçirerek, elektrik üretimi segmenti özelleştirmeye açılmıştır. Özelleştirme ile birlikte birçok özel teşebbüs elektrik sektörüne giriş yapmıştır. Elektrik üretim şirketlerinin, elektrik piyasasındaki rekabete uyum sağlayabilmeleri için finansal performanslarını iyileştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, elektrik üretim şirketlerinin finansal performanslarının değerlendirilmesi için Entropi ve CoCoSo yöntemlerine dayalı çok kriterli karar verme modelini uygulamaktır. Bu amaçla, ülkemizde kurulu gücü açısından ilk 40’ta yer alan Forbes 500 listesine girebilmiş 10 elektrik üretim şirketinin 2019 yılı finansal performanslarını çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden Entropi ve CoCoSo yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Kriter ağırlıkları Entropi ile bulunmuştur. Şirketlerin finansal performans sıralaması ise CoCoSo yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada net satış, net satış değişimi, faiz/vergi öncesi kâr, faiz/vergi öncesi kâr değişimi, aktif toplam, özkaynak, ihracat geliri ve personel sayısı kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Veri olarak, 10 enerji şirketinin Forbes 500’teki web sayfalarından alınan 2019 yılına ait gerçek verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre en yüksek finansal performansa sahip elektrik üretim firması Enka’dır ve en düşük performans ise Gama Enerji şirketine aittir. Literatürde elektrik üretim şirketlerinin finansal performanslarının çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirildiği çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur. Ancak, diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu çalışmada Entropi ve CoCoSo yöntemleri kullanılarak elektrik üretim şirketlerinin finansal performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca literatürde Fortune 500 listesinde yer alan Türkiye'den elektrik üretim şirketlerinin finansal performanslarını inceleyen bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır.
Evolución del estudio sobre el efecto de la crianza en las conductas prosociales en la infancia y la adolescencia: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Correa Duque Maria Cristina , González Cortés Jorge Hernán 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de cómo han evolucionado la investigación y la evidencia empíricadocumentada sobre el efecto de la crianza en el desarrollo de conductas prosociales en la infancia y la adolescencia. Método. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico y de redes de citaciones mediante las herramientas bibliometrix y Tree of Science (ToS). La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en Scopus y Web of Science. Resultados. La producción científica entre el año 2000 y 2020 se incrementó entre un 10% y un 13%. Los estudios se segmentaron en clásicos, estructurales y recientes. Los clásicos analizaron el efecto directo de la disciplina parental sobre las conductas prosociales. Los estructurales analizaron los factores emocionales que median la asociación entre la crianza y las conductas prosociales. Los recientes aportan evidencia adicional sobre el rol mediador de la empatía e incorporación de una perspectiva intercultural y étnica en el estudio de los estilos de crianza y las conductas prosociales.
Weltliteraturand Its Others: The Serbian Poem in Eckermann'sConversations with Goethe
Authors: Selimović Ena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA critical account of the Serbian poem in Goethe's conversations with Eckermann reveals the place of Balkan folk poetry in the discourse on world literature and adds a neglected narrative to the myriad genealogies of comparative literature. Building on Laura Doyle's concept of inter-imperiality, the essay foregrounds how language politics manifest the variegated contours Europe takes in Goethe's formulation of world literature. While recent scholarship in comparative literature largely examines Goethe's Eurocentrism through his invocation of an unnamed Chinese novel, an analysis of the inter-imperial and translational project of world literature gives form to multiple spheres of Orientalism.
Methodological and Methodical Support for the Organization of an Inclusive Educational and Training Process for Athletes with Disabilities in Karate
Authors: Kohut Iryna , Marynych Viktoriia , Chebanova Kateryna 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study: to determine the key principles of methodological and systematic support for the organization of an inclusive educational and training process for athletes with disabilities in karate.
Materials and methods. The experts in the field of physical culture and sports participated in the study, namely: honored coach of Ukraine, honored worker of physical culture and sports of Ukraine, chairman of the Sports Committee for People with Disabilities of the Ukrainian Karate Federation, athletes with disabilities who have the status of world champions and Deaflympics champions, etc. All experts had sports (professional) experience from 5 to 20 years. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, the method of expert evaluation, questionnaire surveys. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of mathematical statistics. Expert evaluation was performed by the ranking method. The degree of agreement of the experts was determined using the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance.
Results. In the course of the study, the methodological and systematic aspects of the organization of the inclusive educational and training process for athletes with disabilities in karate were determined. One of the main features in the organization of karate training sessions among people with disabilities is their nosological group. The further selection of means and methods of educational and training work depends on the nosological group. During inclusive training sessions, the greatest attention is paid to correctional and compensatory (14.6%), recreational and health (13.6%), and preventive (13.4%) work. At the same time, no less important is the solution of such a problem as the socialization of people with disabilities through sports, as a system of relationships in society.
Conclusions. Properly selected methodological and systematic support affects the effectiveness of the organization of the inclusive educational and training process. This support has its own characteristics, which, firstly, depend on the nosological group, secondly, are characterized by the correct choice of means, methods, principles and functions implemented during classes, and thirdly, are aimed at the socialization of people with disabilities.
Impact of Aquafitness Training on Physical Condition of Early Adulthood Women
Authors: Kashuba Vitalii , Andrieieva Olena , Hakman Anna , Grygus Igor , Smoleńska Olga , Ostrowska Małgorzata , Napierała Marek , Hagner-Derengowska Magdalena , Muszkieta Radosław , Zukow Walery 
Published: June 2021

Background. The physical benefits of fitness for middle-aged women are well-known. Unlike the usual training sessions, aquafitness occupies a special place among the types of health-related exercise training. Its health-enhancing effect results from the activation of the body's functional systems, the gravitational unloading of the musculoskeletal system, high energy expenditures, and overall body hardening effect.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the health-enhancing effects of an aquafitness program on the functional indicators and physical fitness of early adulthood women.
Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, anthropometric techniques, pedagogical methods, and methods of mathematical statistics were used. The functional status of the body was assessed with the indices characterizing the function of the cardiorespiratory system, which are commonly used. The study was conducted at the Sport Life fitness club, Chernivtsi. The study involved 48 women aged 21-31 with an average age of 26.3 years. The subjects took part in a six-month aquafitness program consisting of 60-min sessions, three times a week. The program was developed by the authors and included aquatic stretching, body shaping and bodybuilding exercise, aquadance, aquatic gymnastics, and aqua tae-bo.
Results. After participation in the exercise program: vital capacity increased from 45.96±4.69 to 48.88±0.68; strength index increased from 35.80±1.07 to 43.26±0.71; Robinson's index increased from 85.72±12.34 to 89.63±10.11; Shtange test increased from 30.28±10.32 to 37.78±12.34; Hench test changed from 16.48±4.24 to 25.19±4.58; Kerdo index decreased from 5.23±0.74 to 0.88±0.38; and Rufier's test decreased from 12.21±4.26 to 8.03±2.14. The assessment of somatic health of the women showed a significant improvement (p<0.05). Positive changes in the autonomic system were detected.
Conclusion. The developed aquafitness program can be an effective tool for health improvement and body weight management in early adulthood women.
Earthquake migration in the Fairbanks, Alaska seismic zone
Authors: Gedney Larry , Estes Steve , Biswas Nirendra 
Published: June 2021

abstractSince a series of moderate earthquakes near Fairbanks, Alaska in 1967, the “Fairbanks seismic zone” has maintained a consistently high level of seismicity interspersed with sporadic earthquake swarms. Five swarms occurring since 1970 demonstrate that tightly compacted centers of activity have tended to migrate away from the epicentral area of the 1967 earthquakes. Comparative b-coefficients of the first four swarms indicate that they occurred under different relative stress conditions than the last episode, which exhibited a higher b-value and was, in fact, a main shock of magnitude 4.6 with a rapidly decaying aftershock sequence. This last recorded sequence in February 1979 was an extension to greater depths along a lineal seismic zone whose first recorded activation occurred during a swarm two years earlier. Focal mechanism solutions indicate a north-south orientation of the greatest principal stress axis, σ1, in the area. A dislocation process related to crustal spreading between strands of a right-lateral fault, similar to that which has been inferred for southern California, is suggested.
The observation of a universal shape regularity in earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions
Authors: Bloom E. D. , Erdmann R. C. 
Published: June 2021

abstractOn performing a statistical analysis of the data available from both the National Geophysical and Solar Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC) and other, smaller data bases, a convincing shape regularity was observed in the derived earthquake frequency-magnitude (f-M) distributions. The f-M distributions were obtained from sets of events originating within widely separated regions on the Earth. The regions have geological diversity and areas greater than 6 × 105 km2. To within estimated error, the shape of total world data agrees with similar plots of data subsets taken from these eight separate regions of the Earth.