bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use of Nerve Allograft Preserved in Glycerol
Authors: Nakamoto João Carlos , Wataya Erick Yoshio , Nakamoto Hugo Alberto , Santos Gustavo Bispo , Ribaric Ivan , Herrera Ana K.A. , Faria José C.M. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
We aimed to evaluate the use of nerve allograft preserved in glycerol. We compared the efficiency of glycerol-preserved allografts with autogenous nerve grafting, cryopreserved grafts, and detergent-processed grafts in the axonal regeneration. Secondarily, we evaluated the effectiveness of each preservation method in maintaining the extracellular matrix free of cellular components.

Methods:
This was a prospective experimental, longitudinal, unblinded, nonrandomized, controlled animal model study. Three different allograft preservation techniques for the repair of sciatic nerve injuries were compared, including cold preservation, glycerol preservation, and detergent preservation. Functional assessment was performed, and histomorphometric analyses were further performed, which enabled the allograft structure evaluation and an estimation of the nerve regeneration efficacy based on the myelinated axons count and on their diameters.

Results:
After the 14th week, all groups were already balanced and similar (P = 0.265): all groups present near-zero SFIs, thus confirming their efficiency in promoting nerve regeneration. In the histomorphometric evaluations, all groups were equivalent, presenting a similar efficiency in nerve regeneration (P = 0.716 and P = 0.577, respectively). Similarly, histomorphometric evaluations showed a reduction in the number of axons and in their diameters, but none of them effectively eliminated all cellular debris. Comparing the groups with each other, the groups preserved in glycerol and detergent solution were similar, both presenting better results than the cooled group.

Conclusion:
By evaluating the presence of cell debris after the treatment using glycerol, it was found to be similar to the treatment using detergent and significantly better than the cold-preservation treatment.
Breast Reconstruction in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Predictors, Trends, and Survival from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Karadsheh Murad J. , Katsnelson Jacob Y. , Ruth Karen J. , Weiss Eric S. , Krupp James C. , Sigurdson Elin R. , Bleicher Richard J. , Ng Marilyn , Shafqat M. Shuja , Patel Sameer A. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Survival for women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has improved with advances in multimodal therapy. This study was performed to evaluate trends, predictors, and survival for reconstruction in IBC patients in the United States.

Methods:
Women who underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction for IBC between 2004 and 2016 were included from the National Cancer Database. Predictors for undergoing reconstruction and association with overall survival were determined.

Results:
Of 12,544 patients with IBC who underwent mastectomy, 1307 underwent reconstruction. Predictors of reconstruction included younger age, private insurance, higher income, performance of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, and location within a metropolitan area (P < 0.001). The proportion of women having reconstruction for IBC increased from 7.3% to 12.3% from 2004 to 2016. Median unadjusted overall survival was higher in the reconstructive group l [93.7 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 75.2–117.5] than the nonreconstructive group (68.1 months, 95% CI 65.5–71.7, hazard ratio = 0.79 95% CI 0.72–0.88, P < 0.001). With adjustment for covariates, differences in overall mortality were not significant, with hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI 0.85–1.06, P = 0.37).

Conclusions:
Reconstruction rates for IBC are increasing. Women with IBC who undergo reconstruction tend to be younger and are not at the increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those not having reconstruction. The National Cancer Database does not differentiate immediate from delayed reconstruction. However, the outcomes of immediate reconstruction in carefully selected patients with IBC should be further studied to evaluate its safety. This could impact current guidelines, which are based largely on an expert opinion.
Genetically determined hypertensive phenotype affects gut microbiota composition, but not vice versa
Authors: Konopelski Piotr , Konop Marek , Perlejewski Karol , Bukowska-Osko Iwona , Radkowski Marek , Onyszkiewicz Maksymilian , Jaworska Kinga , Mogilnicka Izabella , Samborowska Emilia , Ufnal Marcin 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Research suggests reciprocal crosstalk between the host and gut bacteria. This study evaluated the interaction between gut microbiota and arterial blood pressure (BP) in rats.

Methods:
Continuous telemetry recordings of BP were started in 7-week-old normotensive Wistar--Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Two weeks later, half of the WKY and SHR were subjected to cross-transplantation of fecal matter, with stools harvested from either WKY or SHR and BP measurements until the age of 14 weeks. The composition of gut bacteria was assessed through analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. The concentration of microbiota-derived metabolites was evaluated using HPLC-MS.

Results:
There was a significant difference between WKY and SHR in the composition of gut bacteria at the start and end of the study. This was accompanied by significant histological differences in the colon. SHR, but not WKY, showed a gradual increase in BP throughout the experiment. For both WKY and SHR, there was no significant difference in BP or metabolic parameters between animals receiving fecal transplantation from either SHR or WKY.

Conclusion:
Genetically induced hypertension in SHR is associated with alterations in the composition of gut bacteria and histological morphology of the colon. An inter-strain fecal transplant does not affect BP and does not produce long-term changes in gut bacteria composition. We propose that the impact of the host genotype and/or phenotype on the gut bacteria may be greater than the impact of the gut bacteria on the host BP.
Childhood vascular phenotypes have differing associations with prenatal and postnatal growth
Authors: Sletner Line , Crozier Sarah R. , Inskip Hazel M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Mahon Pamela , Chiesa Scott T. , Charakida Marietta , Cooper Cyrus , Hanson Mark 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
In children aged 8--9 years, we examined the associations of linear and abdominal circumference growth during critical stages of prenatal and postnatal development with six vascular measurements commonly used as early markers of atherosclerosis and later cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods:
In 724 children from the UK Southampton Women's Survey mother--offspring cohort, offspring length/height and abdominal circumference measurements were collected at 10 ages between 11 weeks’ gestation and age 8--9 years. Using residual growth modelling and linear regression, we examined the independent associations between growth and detailed vascular measures made at 8--9 years.

Results:
Postnatal linear and abdominal circumference growth were associated with higher childhood SBP and carotid--femoral pulse wave velocity, whereas prenatal growth was not. For example, 1SD faster abdominal circumference gain between ages 3 and 6 years was associated with 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56--2.98] mmHg higher SBP. In contrast, faster abdominal circumference gain before 19 weeks’ gestation was associated with greater carotid intima--media thickness [0.009 mm (0.004--0.015) per 1SD larger 19-week abdominal circumference), whereas later growth was not. We found no strong associations between prenatal or postnatal growth and DBP or measures of endothelial function.

Conclusion:
Higher postnatal linear growth and adiposity gain are related to higher SBP and carotid--femoral pulse wave velocity in childhood. In contrast, faster growth in early gestation is associated with greater childhood carotid intima--media thickness, perhaps resulting from subtle changes in vascular structure that reflect physiological adaptations rather than subclinical atherosclerosis.
Relation between elevated first SBP from baseline (delta SBP) and postoperative outcome
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liu Lin , Fan Fangfang , Hong-Yun Yang 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Hypertension is associated with increased postoperative risk. However, no consensus was accepted whether elevated blood pressure in the operating room with normal blood pressure at rest related to additional cardiovascular risk.

Methods:
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study based on patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgery from 1 January 2012, to 31 December 2018. We evaluated the relationship between the delta SBP (the difference between first operating room blood pressure and baseline blood pressure) and the development of postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with normal baseline blood pressure. Multivariate logistic regression before and after propensity score weighting was performed to adjust for perioperative variables, and the minimum P value approach was used to identify the possible threshold of delta SBP that independently indicated the risk of MACE.

Results:
Of the 55 563 surgeries, in 4.1%, postoperative MACE occurred. The threshold for the delta SBP was 49 mmHg. The adjusted odds ratio for MACE before and after propensity score weighting for the delta SBP threshold was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11--1.59); P less than 0.001 and 1.28 (1.03–1.60); P = 0.028, respectively.

Conclusion:
Delta SBP contributed to the elevated risk over and beyond the SBP at rest in patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgery. A rise of SBP of more than 49 mmHg from baseline in the operating room was significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative MACE.
Association Between Dry Eye Disease and Newly Diagnosed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Eroglu Fatma Corak , Gediz Berrak Sekeryapan , Ozturk Mehmet , Kazancı Burcu 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between dry eye disease and patients with newly diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods:
Thirty treatment-naive patients with OCD and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. The Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear breakup time, Schirmer I test, corneal and conjunctival staining grade (Oxford scale), and neutrophil-to-leucocyte ratio values were obtained for all participants.

Results:
The comparison of the patients with OCD and healthy controls showed significantly higher values in Ocular Surface Disease Index (34.8 vs. 20.8, P = 0.001), corneal Oxford scoring (0.9 vs. 0.6, P = 0.02), and conjunctival Oxford scoring (0.8 vs. 0.5, P = 0.04), with consistently lower values in the Schirmer I test (15.7 vs. 18.8, P = 0.043) and tear breakup time (9.1 vs. 12.9, P = 0.001). The mean neutrophil-to-leucocyte ratio values were significantly higher in the OCD group compared with the controls (2.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4, respectively; P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our study showed a relation between dry eye disease and patients with newly diagnosed OCD who were not using any psychiatric drug. Our findings suggest that inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases, may be responsible for this relationship.
Outcomes After Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Saleh Solin , Koo Euna B. , Lambert Scott R. , Manche Edward E. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of corneal crosslinking on vision and keratometry in children and young adults with progressive keratoconus.

Methods:
A retrospective medical records review of patients aged 22 years or younger with keratoconus who underwent corneal crosslinking between January 2013 and November 2019 at Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University was conducted. Outcome measures included logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA); keratometry, including maximum keratometry (Kmax); pachymetry; and total wavefront aberration. Measurements were taken at baseline and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:
Fifty-seven eyes of 49 patients aged 12 to 22 years were assessed. The mean preoperative CDVA was logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution 0.38 ± 0.32 (20/48), with a mean postoperative CDVA of 0.29 ± 0.31 (20/39) and 0.31 ± 0.31 (20/41) at 12 and 24 months postoperatively, respectively. Compared with preoperative mean Kmax, there was an improvement of −0.8 diopters (D) to a mean postoperative Kmax of 59.1 ± 9.1 D at 12 months and −1.3 D to 59.7 ± 8.8 D at 24 months. Subanalysis excluding the second eye of patients who underwent bilateral crosslinking showed similar results. Linear mixed modeling showed significant improvement in Kmax at both 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Minimum central corneal thickness initially decreased but stabilized at 24 months after crosslinking. Total wavefront aberration remained stable.

Conclusions:
Corneal crosslinking stabilizes, and in some cases improves, visual and corneal parameters in pediatric and young adult patients with keratoconus. The procedure is safe and well-tolerated and may prevent keratoconus progression in young patients.
Subpalpebral Antibiotic Lavage as Safe, Emergent, and Cost-Effective Management of Acute Infectious Keratitis Related to Contact Lens Overwear: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Lucy Y. , Huang Jessica J. M. , Toohey Thomas P. , Wong Elizabeth L. S. , Khan Muhammad A. , Jiang Ivy W. , Ting Eugene L. , Jiang James , Ruan Claire W. , Agar Ashish , Coroneo Minas T. , Maloof Anthony J. , Francis Ian C. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to describe the technique of subpalpebral antibiotic lavage (SAL), which is a highly therapeutic, efficient, and cost-effective method for managing severe bacterial keratitis.

Methods:
This case report describes a 26-year-old woman with severe bacterial keratitis in the right eye due to contact lens overwear, with progressive corneal thinning, a hypopyon, impending perforation, and marked visual loss to perception of light despite treatment with intensive topical antibiotics. This was managed with SAL that involves the insertion of a cannula transcutaneously into the upper conjunctival fornix to provide continuous antibiotic irrigation of the ocular surface.

Results:
By 11 weeks after presentation, the cornea and anterior chamber appeared clinically quiescent, and visual acuity improved to 20/40 corrected in the right eye.

Conclusions:
Bacterial keratitis is a potentially blinding condition for which contact lens wear is an important risk factor. Most cases are successfully managed with topical medications; however, in cases of treatment failure, a second-line approach such as SAL can be sight-saving. SAL uses readily available equipment for the delivery of high concentrations of antibiotics to the ocular surface, thus increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing nursing staff workload. Despite its advantages, the literature reveals apparent underutilization of this technique.
Comorbid Communicable Diseases of Substance Abuse in Thailand: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wongtongkam Nualnong , Lampoo Seearoon , Nilaban Sumnao , Lukanapichonchut Lumsum 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Substance abuse is a major threat to health and safety of not only drug users themselves but also communities more widely because of the increased risk of spreading communicable diseases that coexist with drug misuse. Retrospective data from 2013 to 2017 drawn from a Thai rehabilitation center showed 14 cases of hepatitis, 36 of HIV, and 102 of tuberculosis (TB). Demographic data and International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, codes related to comorbidity of these communicable diseases were obtained. Most hepatitis comorbidity was found in patients with alcohol dependence who were infected with hepatitis B or C. Comorbidities with TB and HIV were found only in persons with other stimulant use. With a 5-year prevalence, there was statistically significant difference in TB comorbidities among substance abusers (P = 0.028). Interestingly, any substance misuse could contribute to co-occurring HIV infection, but there were no statistically significant differences. Nowadays, a tradition of sharing unsterilized injection equipment might not be the leading cause of coexisting communicable diseases among illegal drug users. Instead, sharing personal possessions and unprotected sexual activity might the major actions increasing risk of contracting comorbid communicable diseases, particularly TB and HIV.
Motor action changes pain perception: a sensory attenuation paradigm in the context of pain
Authors: Pinto Eleana A. , van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Meulders Ann , Torta Diana M. , Claus Amber , Van Damme Stefaan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates how pain affects motor control, yet the way the motor system influences pain perception remains unclear. We present 2 experiments that investigated sensory attenuation of pain implementing a 2-alternative forced choice paradigm. Particularly, healthy participants received painful stimuli on a moving and nonmoving hand during the execution or the preparation of reaching motor actions. At the end of each trial, they indicated on which hand they perceived the stimulus stronger. The point of subjective equality was obtained to measure sensory attenuation. The intensity (experiment 1) and the threat value (experiment 2) of the pain stimuli were manipulated between-subjects to examine their impact on sensory attenuation. Results of experiment 1 (N = 68) revealed that executing a motor action attenuates pain processing in the moving hand. Sensory attenuation during motor preparation alone occurred with stronger stimulus intensities. Sensory attenuation was not affected by the intensity of the pain stimuli. Results of experiment 2 (N = 79) replicated the phenomenon of sensory attenuation of pain during motor action execution. However, sensory attenuation was not affected by the threat value of pain. Together these findings indicate that executing, but not preparing, a motor action affects pain processing in that body part. No significant associations were found between sensory attenuation indices and inhibitory control abilities or pain catastrophizing, vigilance and rumination. These results provide insight into the inhibitory effects of motor actions on pain processing, suggesting that pain perception is a dynamic experience susceptible to individuals' actions in the environment.
Gender differences in activity-limiting pain trajectories over a 17-year period in the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Milani Sadaf Arefi , Howrey Bret , Rodriguez Martin A. , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Wong Rebeca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pain increases with age, disproportionately affects women, and is a major contributor to decreased quality of life. Because pain is dynamic, trajectories are important to consider. Few studies have examined longitudinal trajectories of pain, by gender, in Mexico. We used data from 5 waves (over 2001–2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of Mexicans aged 50 years and older. Pain was categorized as self-reported frequent pain that makes it difficult to do usual activities. Latent class mixture models were used to create pain trajectories (n = 9824). The sample was majority female (56.15%), with a mean age of 61.72 years. We identified 2 pain trajectories: low-stable (81.88%) and moderate-increasing (18.12%). Women had 1.75 times the odds of being in the moderate-increasing group compared with men (95% confidence interval= 1.41, 2.17). In addition, having zero years of education was associated with higher odds of being in the moderate-increasing group, compared with having any years of education. Fair/poor self-rated health, obesity, arthritis, elevated depressive symptoms, and falls were positively associated with pain for both trajectory groups. Being married was positively associated with pain in the low-stable group. Insurance status was negatively associated with pain in the low-stable group, but positively associated with pain in the moderate-increasing group. We identified 2 trajectories of activity-limiting pain, among older Mexican adults (50+) over 17 years of follow-up. Understanding gender differences in pain trajectories in later life and the factors associated with trajectory development is crucial to improve quality of life, especially in vulnerable populations.
Shedding light on pain for the clinic: a comprehensive review of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor its process in the brain
Authors: Hu Xiao-Su , Nascimento Thiago D. , DaSilva Alexandre F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pain is a complex experience that involves sensation, emotion, and cognition. The subjectivity of the traditional pain measurement tools has expedited the interest in developing neuroimaging techniques to monitor pain objectively. Among noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has balanced spatial and temporal resolution; yet, it is portable, quiet, and cost-effective. These features enable fNIRS to image the cortical mechanisms of pain in a clinical environment. In this article, we evaluated pain neuroimaging studies that used the fNIRS technique in the past decade. Starting from the experimental design, we reviewed the regions of interest, probe localization, data processing, and primary findings of these existing fNIRS studies. We also discussed the fNIRS imaging's potential as a brain surveillance technique for pain, in combination with artificial intelligence and extended reality techniques. We concluded that fNIRS is a brain imaging technique with great potential for objective pain assessment in the clinical environment.