bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annealing Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of Cr2O3 Thin Films Prepared by R.F Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed K. , al-kader Dawood salman abd , salh Jassim Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The films of Chromium oxide were deposited on the glass substrates by sputtering magnetron mothed. After that, every film was under annealing at 500 degrees. The spectra of absorption were utilized in determining the coefficient of absorption of a film and every impact of the temperature for annealing on the coefficient was under investigation. The edge of absorption moved towards the red range of the wavelength and the chromium (III) films’ optical constants decrease after being annealed at 500 degrees.
The XRD results show that the annealing time has a profound effect on crystallinity and crystallographic orientation of Cr2O3 thin films. These factors can affect the performance and application of devices. It was uncovered that the content of the adsorbed oxygen declines with raising the annealing temperature, AFM researches of chromium (III) oxide thin films show a surface soft sprinkles after annealing.
The Effect of Mass Flow Rate and Heat Flux on Vertical Two-Phase Flow Regimes in a Small Diameter Tube
Authors: Mohammed Ali K. , Majeed Majid H. , Mohammed Ahmed Q. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rising concentration in investigating and researching the boiling of micro channel flow; since they afford high thermal effectiveness, small size, and low weight. In this paper, the boiling heat transfer was experimentally examined using water as the working fluid in small diameter tubes. Experiments for the flow model were performed using the same Pyrex glass tube test facility. The experiments of heat transfer were carried out using an internal diameter copper tube (10.922 mm). The range of other parameters was varied: mass flow rate (0.008–0.0214kg/s); heat flux (17351–80529W/m2); it has been found that the average coefficient of heat transfer depends on the form of flow pattern. The average heat transfer coefficient increases by about 37% when the flow pattern varied from slug flow to churn flow at a constant mass flow rate of 0.008kg/s. Besides, the heat transfer coefficient (h) in the two-phase flow, is 39%, which is more than that for single-phase flow, when the mass flow rate is 0.0214kg/s, and heat flux) increases from 17351W/m2 to 49105W/m2. Also, when mass flow rate rises from (0.008kg/s) to (0.0166kg/s), the pressure drop increases by about (15%) and increases by about (5%) when the mass flow rate rises from (0.0166kg/s) to (0.0214kg/s). The main regime of flow was a slug, churn, bubbly, dispersed bubbly, and confined bubbly flow.
Analysing and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Filters on Segmentation Skin Tumors Images
Authors: Latif Haider K , Aljanabi Mohanad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Noise eliminating from an image is a significant task in biomedical images, which the noise could make to less error recognition. Filtering employing of a device for noise elimination is disturbed in this work. The determination is to compare different filters effectiveness - Median Filter (MF), Gaussian and Wiener filters. Image segmentation is very significant in digital image processing and lets automatic detection of the particulars of matters in central zones. This ability has a significant part to perform in resolving various challenging problems, mainly problems associated with several diseases, for instance, skin tumours. To reach an active technique to distinguish skin tumuors premature without doing needless skin biopsies, skin tumours images segmentation for lesions has been inspected with MF. We confirm our designs on synthetical images representing typical analysis and modelling to evaluate the constructions and display proof-of-concept outcomes on real biomedical images with various filters segmentation.
Energy-Efficient Localization System for the Blind Based on an Awake/Sleep Scheduling Scheme
Authors: Al-kafaji Rasha Diaa , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Mahdi Siraj Qays 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mobility of blind individuals is restricted by their inability to perceive their surroundings. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 billion people suffer from blindness or poor vision that cannot be treated. Several techniques can use in the localization for the blind. Most localization system buildings use wireless sensor network (WSN) technology, but WSNs are a major source of energy consumption. Therefore, saving power in localization systems is a vital requirement. In this paper, a power-efficient portable localization system (PEPLS) based on WSN was implemented. In this system, location information was acquired via global positioning system (GPS) and transmitted via global system for mobile (GSM) and ZigBee protocols. These radio frequency modules increase power consumption. Therefore, an awake/sleep algorithm was used to decrease the power consumption of the PEPLS. The main components of the prototype PEPLS were GPS, GSM, ZigBee, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) units as well as an Arduino Nano Microcontroller. The proposed awake/sleep algorithm reduced the current consumption of the PEPLS to about 25 mA relative to classical operation, which consumes 156 mA. Consequently, a power savings of 84% was accomplished. Moreover, comparisons with other related works demonstrated that high power savings were achieved.
The IoT for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Hassan Hadeel Kareem , abed Jameel kaduim , Waheb Muthana Arzuqi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept of the internet so that all things in our life can connect to the internet or to other to send and receive data to do all functions through the network. IoT is a new concept based on the use of the Internet to facilitate our way of life. The presence of mobile medical applications and mobile health services that have contributed to drawing innovative features of the way to provide health care services. Also, the spread of emerging technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence, accompanied by the simple exchange and spread of medical information thanks to the internet, and the discovery methods of treatment. This fundamental shift is reflected positively on patient care after it enabled the doctor to give a more good diagnosis and thus get better treatment results. This combination of the features of the IoT in medical devices contributed greatly to improving the quality and effectiveness of medical services. Mobile devices, wireless networks, and other smart services more than 80% of health care institutions which means that more hospitals, institutions, and health centres have activated smart health devices. Today, “IoT” technologies and digital devices connected to the internet are prevalent in hospitals. It has come to the point where it can be said that many doctors and other health care providers have dispensed with paper and have become either totally or largely dependent on devices connected to WiFi networks and tablets. In this study, nine patients have been applying this technique to them, and their results have varied and will be reviewed.
Application of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Mechanism in Infant Population: A Short Review
Authors: Alkhafaji Farah M. , Khalid Ghaidaa A. , Al-Naji Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a significant issue in infants worldwide, which causes disagreeable morbidity and mortality ratios. Thus, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique performed in case of cardiac arrest to save victims’ lives. The aim of CPR is to follow the blood flow promoting to the vital organs during the external chest provisional compressions. This technique has been reported to develop CA results. It was reported that CPR was not performed in high quality even when highly qualified rescuers delivered by CPR. Therefore, international guidelines have proposed for applying a CPR feedback device to release high-quality CPR to enhance survival rates. There is currently no feedback device available to guide learners through infant CPR performance compared to the adequate number of the adult in CPR feedback device. This study establishes a background knowledge to understand the CPR technique in infant populations by reviewing the following: the critical role of chest compression and rescue breath during the CPR process, the CPR standards, increasing the cardiac arrest survival rate by performing high-quality CPR, the effect of feedback on CPR performance., outlining the effect of different compression techniques on all the hemodynamic outcomes for delivering high-quality infant CPR.
Causes of Abandoned Construction Projects: A case study in Iraq
Authors: Khudhaire Huda Yaseen , Naji Hafeth I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, many construction projects in Iraq have been either incomplete or abandoned, with negative implications for stakeholders, the economy, and the environment. The research methodology in this study adopts to Identify the reasons for the abandonment of construction projects in Iraq and arranging them corresponding to the viewpoint of three superiors (owners, consultants, contractors) of the construction project. A literature review on abandoned construction projects was carried out and interviews were conducted for a range of experts in the sector of the building environment in Iraq. As a result, the questionnaire consisted of 41 causes of abandoned construction projects in Iraq. the causes are grouped into six-item. A field survey was conducted using the Relative Importance Index (RII) to rate these causes from the perspective of the owner, contractor, and consultant. 85 forms are the total number of questionnaires distributed, representing 30 for owners, 20 for contractors, and 35 for consultants. The results concluded that the causes of abandoned projects related to time, finance, and resources are in the first, second, and third places, with a total RII equal to 78, 76.3, and 75.8, respectively.
Baghdad flood Residential zone exposed to inundation by Mosul dam Hypothetical failure
Authors: Kareem Hassan Alwan Prof. Dr. , Hadeel Yassin Abbas Eng. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lately most of institutions in the world interest in floods states and the impact of inundation on the cities and land use that content of, because it’s important to realize the amount of hazard that will be faced when the flood occur by any case (Pluvial flood and dam failure flood), Which make the habitants understand how to deal with this flooded area each according to its location and conditions, In this paper we will confine the Residential zone in Baghdad city that exposure to flood causing by Mosul dam failure, GIS technique help us to observe, understand and calculate the areas of land use in cites that exposed to inundation hazard to study the scenario to deal with and treat this area, and understand how suitable the location planning of this land use, By using the Hypothetical dam’s failure model of Mosul dam which built from the Digital Elevation Model and the cross sections of the rivers (That done by Iraqi ministry of water resources using HEC RASS program), Intersection this model with the Layers (shape files) of Baghdad city Residential zone, the analysis’s layer (the result layer) will show the damaged areas and it’s percentage to Residential use.
Reinforced Concrete Circular Deep Beams - Finite Element Parametric Study
Authors: Talal Abdullah A. , Dawood Asala A. , Abdul-Razzaq Khattab S. , Khaleel Wisam H. , Al-Karawi Sultan N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a parametric study using finite element analysis of twenty six reinforced concrete circular deep beams. The considered parameters are loading type (partial and full), diameter, height and width of the circular beam, in addition to number of supports. It is concluded that applying a central partial uniformly distributed loading by 33-100% of the span length increased the load capacity by about 4-39%, and at the same time, decreased the maximum deflection and torsional moments by about 10-30% and 4-26%, respectively as compared with equivalent concentrated central loading. Increasing beam diameter by 33-167% led to decrease the load capacity by about 7-35%, while the deflection and torsional moments increased by about 41-265% and 24-77%, respectively. The load capacity and torsional moments increased by about 14-68% and 14-86%, respectively whereas deflection decreased by about 7-23% when the height of beam increased by 11-56%. The load capacity, deflection and torsional moments increased by about 163-458%, 54-83% and 160-451%, respectively when the circular beam width increased by 50-150%. Finally, it is found that the load capacity increased by about 85-365%, while the deflection and torsional moments decreased by about 24-56% and 10-46%, respectively when number of support increased by 25-100%.
The effectiveness of project delivery systems in the optimal implementation of green buildings
Authors: Tamur Shaymaa T. , Erzaij Kadhim R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research shows a summary of the latest systems of project delivery, which can work on the green building execution to define and processing the inherent complexity in the green building sector represents by cost and time overrun due to the challenges potential in the implementation of such a project. The study focuses on the strength, weaknesses, and intricacies of different types of project delivery systems sensed latest study trends in systems of project delivery, and how they carry out in an environment of green building. This research promotes future work to concentrates on the presentation and quality of green building because these fields are more necessary to the organizational and technological complexities, regular the preliminaries for educational students to discover modern techniques in assessing systems of project delivery in addition to in promoting decision-makers in the appropriate judgments for choosing the delivery system to attain the success of a project.
Experimental investigation of physical characteristics of asphalt binder containing nano and micro steel slag
Authors: Zghair Hussein H , Mohammed Humam H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sustainable development is represented the great challenge of meeting the requirements of humans for the industrial products, transportation and influence of waste materials whereas sustaining and protecting environmental quality. The main purpose of the current research is to assess the physical properties of base and modified asphalt binders with selected percentages of nano and micro size of steel slag material. Significant physical characteristics of the modified asphalt including; ductility value, softening point, penetration index, penetration grade and viscosity values were measured. Three percentages of nano and micro size of iron slag as (1, 2, and 3) % by of the asphalt weight were blended by a shear mixer set at (3,000) rpm and mixing period fixed at 20 min at 145 °C. In general, the results have shown adding nano and micro steel slag powder that increased the viscosity values, softening point temperature, whereas reduced the ductility and penetration values. Concerning penetration index values for the modified asphalts are improved by adding slag percentages. However, the modified asphalt binder with 3% of nano slag showed a higher value of penetration index (PI) thus, it has an encouraging influence on the resistance of rutting failure.
Effect of cement dust on consolidation properties of expansive soil
Authors: Hussein Abeer F. , Ali Ahmed S. , Al-Taie Abbas J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The utilization of by-product wastes as stabilizer materials to problematic soils has become widely common. Such a situation considers as a solution to the negative effects of these materials on the environment, on one hand, and as an economic solution by recycling the wastes in soils’ improvement techniques, on the other. The purpose of the present study is to explore the consolidation properties of Iraqi expansive soil with the addition of one selected by-product wastes materials from the local industry process. The cement dust has been selected as a stabilizer to explored expansive soil. The cement dust has been selected as a stabilizer to explored expansive soil. The cement dust is a waste of cement industry and its deposit is rarely recycled in the local Iraqi industry, and there are significant amounts of cement dust available as waste materials. Herein, the specimens were prepared by mixing the expansive soil with different content of cement dust (from 0% to 30%). An experimental series of consolidation tests were carried out to explore the effects of cement dust on consolidation properties experienced by expansive soil. Test results indicate that cement dust has considerably affected the consolidation properties of expansive soil. In particular, the swelling index (cs) was reduced for one-third of the value of cs of virgin soil.
Effect of High Contain Sustainable Steel Fiber on Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Aljalawi N M F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental work was carried out to investigate some mechanical properties of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC). These properties include Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Water Absorption and Density. The effect of the high volume of steel fiber on these properties were carefully studied, the steel fibers volume fraction (0%, 14%, 28% by volume of concrete) layer and (0%, 7%, 14% by volume of concrete) random. Used silica fume content 10% as a partial replacement by weight of cement and super plasticizer known (Sika Visco Crete-5930). The experimental results showed that as the steel fiber volume increase from 0% to 28% (layer) lead to decrease in compressive strength while increase in tensile strength, water absorption and density. The steel fiber volume from 0% to 14% (random) lead to decrease in compressive strength while increase in tensile strength, water absorption and density.
Simulation Traffic Flow in Urban Arterial Streets Using CFD (Army Canal Street as a Case Study)
Authors: Hatem Manar K. , Qasim Dr. Gofran J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
computation fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that has been widely and successfully applied to different fields of engineering researches by using the numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. The aim of this paper concentrated on simulation process of traffic flow of particular section of Army Canal Street by using CFD approach. It is found that the tremendous potential to analyze the traffic flow by the CFD approach by providing an estimation of the unknown value of traffic flow in the exits or entries based on collected data of the upstream and downstream or vice versa. This process will help in reduce the time, effort and cost in the traffic count calculation process for a specific segment. The CFD has the capability to clarify visually the high and low regions of the traffic flow on the roadway section based on the colored contour legend.
Effects of Carbon Fiber & Sika Fiber on Improving the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil
Authors: Hammodi Rusul Sh. , Ahmed Balqees A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effects of carbon & sika fibers on the Undrained unconsolidated strength (UUS) of weak clay soil have been studied in this research. The soil sample obtained from Al Basra city south of that can be classified according to USCS as weak silty clay of low plasticity (CL). The additives are carbon & sika fibers. The soil samples were improved by mixing with four ratios of each additive 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of the dry soil weight. Mixture samples prepared using the optimum water content. Bearing capacity of samples measured by the unconsolidation undrained tri-axial shear test. Based on the results of tests at failure, the undrained unconsolidated strength (UUS) increased with increasing the ratio of additives, except in the case of sika fiber, which gave negative effects. In addition, it is important to avoid using carbon fiber in a high ratio of upper than 1% of dry soil weight due to a decrease in the (UUS).
Hydraulic characteristics of the lower part of Diyala River
Authors: Jassam Wafeek Abood , Abed Basim Sh. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A one-dimensional hydraulic model was conducted to simulate the flow in Diyala River. The research aims to study the flow capacity along Diyala River and especially concerning on reach of the river within Baqubah City during flood seasons by using HEC-RAS, 5.07 software. Moreover, specifying the hydraulic problems and then the necessary treatments to overcome them were suggested. A 190 km length of the reach of Diyala River was included in this study, starts from Diyala submerged weir to the confluence of Diyala-Tigris River south of Baghdad City. Good agreement resulted between the measured and the simulation results with a determination coefficient (R2) value of 0.84 with Manning Coefficients in the steady-state flow of 0.028 and 0.045 for the main channel and for the over-banks of Diyala River, respectively. Moreover, the model results and the field surveying of the river showed that the flood capacity of the Diyala River within Baqubah City is cannot be exceeding 750 m3/sec. Also, the flood-prone areas were identified, that they were located between Kharnabat to Um Al-Atahm, which requires training for the cross-sections and rising the embankments to increase the discharge capacity of the river for more than of 1000 m3/sec.
Particle Swarm Optimization in Training Management of Construction Projects
Authors: Falih Suha , Mohammed Sawsan Rasheed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The process of mining the necessary information from the database the previously exist called data mining, also it was given different name as the extraction of knowledge, detection of information, harvesting of information, data archeology, and processing of data pattern The author gather these data from the papers and projects and form a mathematical model to solve training problems, 41 project taken and every project contain 10 problem contain 3 conceivable solutions, the PSO attempts to determine the best solution. The results show that most of the engineers are not multidiscipline and even if they work on the other discipline, the lack the principle of it. The nature of the construction industry in Iraq tends to use the traditional methods in the construction and refuse to use the modern techniques. PSO algorithm used to determine the optimal result for each training problem PSO technique displays operative method in determining the greatest solution in terms of velocity and way of examining.