bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do older people want from integrated care? Experiences from a South Australian co‐design case study
Authors: Marshall Amy , Rawlings Kirsty , Zaluski Sharmilla , Gonzalez Pablo , Harvey Gill 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe challenges of improving the integration of care for older people with complex care needs are well recognised. Evidence suggests that solutions should be co‐designed with older people to ensure they are contextually relevant and person‐centred.MethodsAs a first step in a co‐design project to improve integrated care for older people, seven interviews and three workshops were held with older people and service providers. Data collected via recordings, notes and journey maps were inductively analysed.ResultsFive themes were identified: relationships and roles, patient capacity and safety, information and systems, multiway communication, and transitions and flow. This created a more holistic and person‐centred picture of integrated care than typically derived from published literature.ConclusionsOlder people perceive integrated care from relational, organisational, informational and individual viewpoints. This reinforces the central importance of adopting a person‐centred, as opposed to health system‐focused, approach to designing and implementing integrated care solutions.
A Shared‐Cost‐Profit Model of Teaching Materials for Higher Education
Authors: Banfield Melanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I assess the cost‐value crisis facing institutions of higher education; as the cost of higher education grows, students grow increasingly skeptical of the value of their degrees. The COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated this crisis as institutions across the country have been forced to move to a fully or partially online model of instruction. In an effort to reduce costs, institutions have increased the number of low‐paid, part‐time adjunct faculty teaching introductory courses and have promoted the use of free and open online educational resources (OER). Both solutions lack sustainability and do little to solve the “value” question of higher education. I demonstrate how a shared‐cost‐profit model could address both issues of sustainability and value.
Dynamic interplay between cell membrane tension and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Djakbarova Umidahan , Madraki Yasaman , Chan Emily T. , Kural Cömert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeformability of the plasma membrane, the outermost surface of metazoan cells, allows cells to be dynamic, mobile and flexible. Factors that affect this deformability, such as tension on the membrane, can regulate a myriad of cellular functions, including membrane resealing, cell motility, polarisation, shape maintenance, membrane area control and endocytic vesicle trafficking. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). We first delineate the origins of cell membrane tension and the factors that yield to its spatial and temporal fluctuations within cells. We then review the recent literature demonstrating that tension on the membrane is a fast‐acting and reversible regulator of CME. Finally, we discuss tension‐based regulation of endocytic clathrin coat formation during physiological processes.
In vitro safety “clinical trial” of the cardiac liability of drug polytherapy
Authors: Charrez Bérénice , Charwat Verena , Siemons Brian , Finsberg Henrik , Miller Evan W. , Edwards Andrew G. , Healy Kevin E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOnly a handful of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorizations exist for drug and biologic therapeutics that treat severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Potential therapeutics include repurposed drugs, some with cardiac liabilities. We report on a chronic preclinical drug screening platform, a cardiac microphysiological system (MPS), to assess cardiotoxicity associated with repurposed hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) polytherapy in a mock phase I safety clinical trial. The MPS contained human heart muscle derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. The effect of drug response was measured using outputs that correlate with clinical measurements, such as QT interval (action potential duration) and drug‐biomarker pairing. Chronic exposure (10 days) of heart muscle to HCQ alone elicited early afterdepolarizations and increased QT interval past 5 days. AZM alone elicited an increase in QT interval from day 7 onward, and arrhythmias were observed at days 8 and 10. Monotherapy results mimicked clinical trial outcomes. Upon chronic exposure to HCQ and AZM polytherapy, we observed an increase in QT interval on days 4–8. Interestingly, a decrease in arrhythmias and instabilities was observed in polytherapy relative to monotherapy, in concordance with published clinical trials. Biomarkers, most of them measurable in patients’ serum, were identified for negative effects of monotherapy or polytherapy on tissue contractile function, morphology, and antioxidant protection. The cardiac MPS correctly predicted clinical arrhythmias associated with QT prolongation and rhythm instabilities. This high content system can help clinicians design their trials, rapidly project cardiac outcomes, and define new monitoring biomarkers to accelerate access of patients to safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) therapeutics.
Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in neurodegenerative dementias
Authors: Shafi Sadat , Singh Archu , Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammad , Alhajri Noora , Abu Izneid Tareq , Pottoo Faheem Hyder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurodegeneration is a debilitating condition that causes nerve cell degeneration or death. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD) are posing a larger population burden of dementia worldwide. Neurodegenerative dementia is one of the main challenges in public health with its main characteristics being permanent loss of memory, impairment in cognition, and impaired daily functions. The published literature about genetic studies of these disorders suggests genetic underpinning in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia. In the process of underlining the pathogenesis of NDD, growing evidence has related genetic variations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). This review paper aims to provide a detailed information regarding the association of TREM2 and NDDs leading to dementia. A central consideration is AD that accounts for almost 50%–70% of all late‐life dementias alone or in combination with other neurological disorders. Other prevalent neurodegenerative conditions that lead to dementia are also discussed. Such studies are important as they can give a comprehensive knowledge of TREM2's role in various NDDs, in order to maximize the potential for developing new therapeutic approaches.
Anxiety‐related defensive behavioral responses in mice selectively bred for High and Low Activity
Authors: Booher Winona C. , Hall Lucy A. , Thomas Aimee L. , Merhroff Erika A. , Reyes Martínez Guillermo J. , Scanlon Katharine E. , Lowry Christopher A. , Ehringer Marissa A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh and Low Activity strains of mice (displaying low and high anxiety‐like behavior, respectively) with 7.8–20 fold differences in open‐field activity were selected and subsequently inbred to use as a genetic model for studying anxiety‐like behavior in mice (DeFries et al., 1978, Behavior Genetics, 8:3‐13). These strains exhibited differences in other anxiety‐related behaviors as assessed using the light–dark box, elevated plus‐maze, mirror chamber, and elevated square‐maze tests (Henderson et al., 2004, Behavior Genetics, 34: 267‐293). The purpose of these experiments was three‐fold. First, we repeated a 6‐day behavioral battery using updated equipment and software to confirm the extreme differences in anxiety‐like behaviors. Second, we tested novel object exploration, a measure of anxiety‐like behavior that does not rely heavily on locomotion. Third, we conducted a home cage wheel running experiment to determine whether these strains differ in locomotor activity in a familiar, home cage environment. Our behavioral test battery confirmed extreme differences in multiple measures of anxiety‐like behaviors. Furthermore, the novel object test demonstrated that the High Activity mice exhibited decreased anxiety‐like behaviors (increased nose pokes) compared to Low Activity mice. Finally, male Low Activity mice ran nearly twice as far each day on running wheels compared to High Activity mice, while female High and Low Activity mice did not differ in wheel running. These results support the idea that the behavioral differences between High and Low Activity mice are likely to be due to anxiety‐related factors and not simply generalized differences in locomotor activity.
A review on biological interactions and management of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Riaz Shahzab , Johnson Joel B. , Ahmad Munir , Fitt Gary P. , Naiker Mani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHelicoverpa armigeraHübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests globally, causing estimated global economic losses of over 3 billion US dollars annually. Crops most affected include cotton, tomato, soybean, grain crops such as corn and sorghum, chickpea and other pulses. Adults of this species possess strong migratory abilities (>2000 km), high fecundity and rapid reproductive rates; completing 4–6 generations per year in most cropping regions. Furthermore, the larvae are polyphagous, with a wide and diverse host range and possess the ability to enter diapause in order to survive adverse climatic conditions. At present, it is distributed across most of Oceania, Asia, Africa and southern Europe and has recently spread to South America. Various control measures have been trialled or proposed for the treatment of this pest, including synthetic insecticides, phytopesticides, microbial pesticides, macro‐biocontrol agents (both parasitoids and predators) and the development of genetically modified crops (e.g.Btcotton). Successful control necessitates the use of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, wherein biological, chemical and physical control measures are combined for the greatest control efficacy.
Predicting sun protection measures against skin diseases using machine learning approaches
Authors: Sultana Nahid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe substantial growth rate of skin cancer has necessitated adequate protection from solar radiation. Consequently, analyzing sun protection practices is an imperative research area in dermatology and pharmacology.AimsThis paper aims to analyze public sun‐protection manners in the Arabian Peninsula regions.MethodsA simple random survey was conducted to assess public sun protection manners. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were selected from several machine learning algorithms to create the models for predicting public sun protection measures based on the prediction accuracy. Model performances were evaluated based on several performance indicators depending on the confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic curves.Results51% of the respondents have a low level, and 49% have a high level of sun protection practices. The results showed that the SVM performed considerably amended than the ANN for predicting the response. The relative importance of the predictors for the best predictive SVM model was also analyzed. The predictors are ranked as: the number of times having sunburnt >gender > use seat belt while driving/riding a vehicle >considers the UV index for personal sun exposure >income based on the expenses >sports/exercise activities >consciousness of the chance for having sunburnt on extended exposure to the sun >age > having any skin problem >nationality > skin type.ConclusionThese identified significant predictors might be considered for developing an effective policy to increase public consciousness using proper protection from solar radiation's detrimental effect to rule out skin diseases.
Self‐Perceptions, Normative Beliefs, and Substance Use Associated With High School Girls Comparing Themselves to Peers
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , Mahabee‐Gittens E. Melinda , Jacobs Wura , Oloruntoba Oluyomi , Barry Adam E. , Smith Matthew Lee 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe assessed whether self‐descriptions, self‐perceptions, perceived substance use of friends, and actual substance use were associated with high school girls' frequency of making social comparisons to peers.METHODSWe analyzed data from the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey data for 357 high school girls using multinomial logistic regression.RESULTSCompared to those who “never/rarely” made social comparisons, participants who self‐described as fearing something constantly (p = .014) and forced to imitate the people they like (p = .009) were more likely to “usually” compare themselves to peers. Participants who described themselves as feeling forced to imitate the people they like (p = .022), were not the person they would like to be (p = .005), and did not remain calm under pressure (p = .010), were more likely to “often/always” make social comparisons. Participants who perceived themselves as unattractive (p = .034) and self‐centered (p = .016) were more likely to “often/always” make social comparisons. Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends use illicit drugs were less likely to “usually” make social comparisons (p = .027). Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends drink alcohol were more likely to “often/always” make social comparisons (p = .018).CONCLUSIONSGirls who perceive and describe themselves more negatively are at increased odds of making social comparisons to peers.
The MSP‐RON pathway regulates liver fibrosis through transforming growth factor beta‐dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Weng Tianhao , Yan Dong , Shi Danrong , Zhu Miaojin , Liu Yizhi , Wu Zhigang , Tang Taoming , Zhu Linwei , Zhang Hong , Yao Hangping , Li Lanjuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver fibrosis is pathologically important in the liver cirrhosis progression. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for organ fibrosis. Macrophage‐stimulating protein (MSP) and its receptor tyrosine kinase, RON, promote cellular EMT. However, their role in liver fibrosis is unclear. Here, we clarify the biological profile, potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of the MSP‐RON pathway in liver fibrosis.Materials and methodsMacrophage‐stimulating protein expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of cirrhosis were evaluated in 57 clinical cases and a control group. The effect of MSP‐RON pathway in liver fibrosis was determined in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effects of MSP or RON inhibition on liver fibrosis were evaluated in a mouse liver fibrosis model.ResultsMacrophage‐stimulating protein is upregulated in liver cirrhosis, which was associated with poor patient prognosis. The MSP‐RON pathway promoted hepatocytes EMT. MSP‐RON‐induced EMT depends on the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) pathway and is regulated by TGF‐β inhibitors. In animal models, an MSP blocking antibody and a small molecule inhibitor of RON, BMS‐777607, both inhibited liver fibrosis progression.ConclusionOur study revealed that MSP is an important biomarker in liver cirrhosis progression and can be used to prognose patients. The MSP‐RON pathway promotes the EMT of hepatocytes and the progress of fibrosis via a TGF‐β related pathway. Consequently, we identified a new treatment strategy for liver cirrhosis through targeted inhibition of MSP/RON. This research increases the understanding of EMT‐modulated liver fibrosis and provides new insights into biomarkers and therapeutic targets of liver fibrosis.
The virus–host interface: Molecular interactions of Alphacoronavirus‐1 variants from wild and domestic hosts with mammalian aminopeptidase N
Authors: Olarte‐Castillo Ximena A. , dos Remédios Joana F. , Heeger Felix , Hofer Heribert , Karl Stephan , Greenwood Alex D. , East Marion L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Alphacoronavirus‐1 species include viruses that infect numerous mammalian species. To better understand the wide host range of these viruses, better knowledge on the molecular determinants of virus–host cell entry mechanisms in wildlife hosts is essential. We investigated Alphacoronavirus‐1 infection in carnivores using long‐term data on Serengeti spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and molecular analyses guided by the tertiary structure of the viral spike (S) attachment protein's interface with the host receptor aminopeptidase N (APN). We sequenced the complete 3′‐end region of the genome of nine variants from wild African carnivores, plus the APN gene of 15 wild carnivore species. Our results revealed two outbreaks of Alphacoronavirus‐1 infection in spotted hyenas associated with genetically distinct canine coronavirus type II (CCoVII) variants. Within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S gene the residues that directly bind to the APN receptor were conserved in all variants studied, even those infecting phylogenetically diverse host taxa. We identified a variable region within RBD located next to a region that directly interacts with the APN receptor. Two residues within this variable region were under positive selection in hyena variants, indicating that both sites were associated with adaptation of CCoVII to spotted hyena APN. Analysis of APN sequences revealed that most residues that interact with the S protein are conserved in wild carnivores, whereas some adjacent residues are highly variable. Of the variable residues, four that are critical for virus–host binding were under positive selection and may modulate the efficiency of virus attachment to carnivore APN.
CoNPR1 and CoNPR3.1 are involved in SA‐ and MeSA‐ mediated growth of the pollen tube in Camellia oleifera
Authors: Lu Mengqi , Zhou Junqin , Liu Yiyao , Yang Jin , Tan Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone involved in a series of growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related genes 1 (NPR1) is the core regulatory gene in the process of SA‐mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Whether NPR1 is involved in pollen tube growth mediated by SA and its derivative MeSA (methyl salicylate) remains to be explored. Here, we found that the contents of endogenous SA and MeSA in self‐ or cross‐pollinated pistils changed significantly, and exogenous SA and MeSA significantly promoted pollen germination and pollen tube elongation of Camellia oleifera at lower concentrations. CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 were identified, and they were all located in the nucleus. A high level of consistency was observed across the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and functional domains, indicating a clear division of function, as observed in other species. The expression levels of CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 in self‐ and cross‐pollinated pistils had certain regularity. Furthermore, they exhibited tissue‐specific expression pattern. CoNPR1 and CoNPR3.1 were expressed in pollen tubes, whose expression was regulated by SA or MeSA, and their expression patterns were basically consistent with the trend of pollen germination. These results indicate that SA and MeSA are involved in the pollen tube growth of C. oleifera, and CoNPRs may play an important role therein.
Acknowledging the historical contributions of Black Youth's civic engagement in society
Authors: Webster Nicole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHistorical contributions of Black youth voices and actions are overlooked from many of the narratives of youth civic engagement (YCE) literature. Specifically, the histories and stories of African American youth in the United States and Black Caribbean youth in the Anglophone Caribbean. The shared socio and political obstacles these particular groups have encountered throughout history shaped similar paths for their involvement in civic society to address many of these social and racial injustices. The article's premise centers on the need for the YCE literature to acknowledge the historical civic contributions African American and Black Caribbean youth have made throughout history. Fundamental historical civic movements that were designed, developed, and supported by Black youth set the tone of Black youth's civic engagement throughout history. These were shaped and contextualized by three specific macrosystem influences (political suppression, institutional racism, and cultural oppression). When YCE scholars begin to make greater meaning of the foundations and critical work developed by Black youth civic activists, a more comprehensive field emerges. With the acknowledgment and inclusion of civic contributions created and implemented during historical eras, more profound meaning is gained of civic engagement among communities and people who have generally been disenfranchised. Coming to terms with their civic legacies developed from racial injustices provides a more comprehensive depiction of civic engagement as a field and body of literature.
Prediction of future wrinkles for middle‐aged women: A 7‐year longitudinal study on the progression of wrinkles in Japanese women
Authors: Nakamura Rie , Uehara Shizuka , Suematsu Ken , Ishitsuka Yukiko , Noma Hisashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is commonly believed that there is serious heterogeneity in the rate of wrinkle progression among individuals. Although several skin characteristics have been shown to influence wrinkle progression, the ability to predict which individuals with skin characteristics are likely to develop wrinkles is still limited.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to develop and validate an effective prediction model for longitudinal changes in wrinkles.MethodsWe collected annual wrinkle scores and multiple skin physiological characteristics in 48 Japanese women over a period of 7 years. We developed a multivariable prediction model for predicting future wrinkle status based on the various skin physiological characteristics using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsAfter variable selection by backwards, the final wrinkle prediction model included age, sebum volume, redness of skin color, lightness of skin color, and an interaction term between sebum volume and redness of skin color. The developed prediction model showed favorable prediction accuracy (R2 = 87.92%, 95% confidence interval 84.27%‐90.68%).ConclusionsThe developed model accurately predicted levels of wrinkles in Japanese women aged 22‐60 years. The prediction model is based on age and three practical skin characteristics, which might implicate an essential insight to prevent wrinkle progression in individuals.