bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for gas-phase molecular formation of neutral formaldehyde (H2CO) in cold astrophysical regions
Authors: Ramal-Olmedo Juan C. , Menor-Salván César A. , Fortenberry Ryan C. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Formaldehyde is a potential biogenic precursor involved in prebiotic chemical evolution. The cold conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) allow H2CO to be reactive, playing a significant role as a chemical intermediate in formation pathways leading to interstellar complex organic molecules. However, gas-phase molecular formation mechanisms in cold regions of the ISM are poorly understood.
Aims. We computationally determine the most favored gas-phase molecular formation mechanisms at local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions that can produce the detected amounts of H2CO in diffuse molecular clouds (DMCs), in dark, cold, and dense molecular clouds (DCDMCs), and in three regions of circumstellar envelopes of low-mass protostars (CELMPs).
Methods. The potential energy surfaces, thermodynamic functions, and single-point energies for transition states were calculated at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory and basis sets. Molecular thermodynamics and related partition functions were obtained by applying the Maxwell-Boltzmann quantum statistics theory from energies computed at CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 with corrections for zero-point energy. A literature review on detected abundances of reactants helped us to propose the most favorable formation routes.
Results. The most probable reactions that produce H2CO in cold astrophysical regions are: 1CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + O⋅(3P) in DMCs, ⋅3CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + ⋅O(3P) in DCDMCs, and ⋅CH3 + ⋅O(3P) →1H2CO + ⋅H in region III, ⋅CH3 +⋅O(1D) →1H2CO + ⋅H in region II, and 1CH2 + ⋅3O2 →1H2CO + ⋅O(3P) in region I belonging to CELMPs.
Conclusions. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the principal carbonaceous precursors of H2CO in cold regions for the gas-phase are CH2(a1A1), and ⋅CH2(X3B1) combined with ⋅O2(3Σg) and ⋅CH3(2A”) + ⋅O(3P) / O(1D). Reactions based on more complex reagents yield less effective thermodynamics in the gas-phase H2CO molecular formation.
Sublimation of organic-rich comet analog materials and their relevance in fracture formation
Authors: Haack David , Kreuzig Christopher , Gundlach Bastian , Blum Jürgen , Otto Katharina 
Published: September 2021

Aims.The morphology of cometary nuclei is the result of an ongoing evolution and can provide valuable information to constrain the composition of comets. In our laboratory experiments we investigated the morphological evolution of comet analog materials, which consist of volatile, dust, and organic components. The laboratory results are aimed to help understand the evolution of cometary surfaces.Methods.We used spherical particles of fly ash and mixtures of ice, glycine, and sodium acetate as analog materials in different mass ratios to reproduce observed cometary morphologies. The cohesive and gravitational properties in the laboratory are scaled to cometary conditions to draw meaningful conclusions from the experimental results. The samples were placed in a vacuum sublimation chamber, cooled down to below 150 K, and were insolated with an external light source. To analyze the morphology of the samples, a camera was used to monitor the alterations of the surface.Results.Organic components in volatile-rich samples can have a distinct adhesive effect after the volatiles sublimate. During the sublimation process the sample volume decreases and fractures form on the sample surface. Due to the stability of the remaining volatile-depleted material, significant cliff collapses or ejected particles were not observed in the laboratory.
New Inhibitors in the Ageing Population: A Retrospective, Observational, Cohort Study of New Inhibitors in Older People with Hemophilia
Authors: Astermark Jan , Ay Cihan , Carvalho Manuela , D'Oiron Roseline , Moerloose Philippe De , Dolan Gerard , Fontana Pierre , Hermans Cedric , Holme Pål Andre , Katsarou Olga , Kenet Gili , Klamroth Robert , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Marquardt Natascha , Núñez Ramiro , Pabinger Ingrid , Tait Robert , Valk Paul van der 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction A second peak of inhibitors has been reported in patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) aged >50 years in the United Kingdom. The reason for this suggested breakdown of tolerance in the aging population is unclear, as is the potential impact of regular exposure to the deficient factor by prophylaxis at higher age. No data on hemophilia B (HB) have ever been reported.
Aim The ADVANCE Working Group investigated the incidence of late-onset inhibitors and the use of prophylaxis in patients with HA and HB aged ≥40 years.
Methods A retrospective, observational, cohort, survey-based study of all patients aged ≥40 years with HA or HB treated at an ADVANCE hemophilia treatment center.
Results Information on 3,095 people aged ≥40 years with HA or HB was collected. Of the 2,562 patients with severe HA, the majority (73% across all age groups) received prophylaxis. In patients with severe HA, the inhibitor incidence per 1,000 treatment years was 2.37 (age 40–49), 1.25 (age 50–59), and 1.45 (age 60 + ). Overall, the inhibitor incidence was greatest in those with moderate HA (5.77 [age 40–49], 6.59 [age 50–59], and 4.69 [age 60 + ]) and the majority of inhibitor cases were preceded by a potential immune system challenge. No inhibitors in patients with HB were reported.
Conclusion Our data do not identify a second peak of inhibitor development in older patients with hemophilia. Prophylaxis may be beneficial in older patients with severe, and possibly moderate HA, to retain a tolerant state at a higher age.
Comparison of Skin Substitutes for Acute and Chronic Wound Management
Authors: Bay Caroline , Chizmar Zachary , Reece Edward M. , Yu Jessie Z. , Winocour Julian , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Winocour Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic and acute wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and burns, respectively, can be difficult to treat, especially when autologous skin transplantations are unavailable. Skin substitutes can be used as a treatment alternative by providing the structural elements and growth factors necessary for reepithelialization and revascularization from a nonautologous source. As of 2020, there are 76 commercially available skin substitute products; this article provides a review of the relevant literature related to the major categories of skin substitutes available.
Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Baradaran Aslan , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Xu Liqin , Efanov Johnny Ionut 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBones comprise a significant percentage of human weight and have important physiologic and structural roles. Bone remodeling occurs when healthy bone is renewed to maintain bone strength and maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It proceeds through four phases: (1) cell activation, (2) resorption, (3) reversal, and (4) bone formation. Bone healing, on the other hand, involves rebuilding bone following a fracture. There are two main types of bone healing, primary and secondary. Inflammation plays an integral role in both bone remodeling and healing. Therefore, a tightly regulated inflammatory response helps achieve these two processes, and levels of inflammation can have detrimental effects on bone healing. Other factors that significantly affect bone healing are inadequate blood supply, biomechanical instability, immunosuppression, and smoking. By understanding the different mechanisms of bone healing and the factors that affect them, we may have a better understanding of the underlying principles of bony fixation and thereby improve patient care.
Raster Thomson scattering in large-scale laser plasmas produced at high repetition rate
Authors: Kaloyan M. , Ghazaryan S. , Constantin C. G. , Dorst R. S. , Heuer P. V. , Pilgram J. J. , Schaeffer D. B. , Niemann C. 
Published: September 2021

We present optical Thomson scattering measurements of electron density and temperature in a large-scale (∼2 cm) exploding laser plasma produced by irradiating a solid target with a high-energy (5–10 J) laser pulse at a high repetition rate (1 Hz). The Thomson scattering diagnostic matches this high repetition rate. Unlike previous work performed in single shots at much higher energies, the instrument allows for point measurements anywhere inside the plasma by automatically translating the scattering volume using motorized stages as the experiment is repeated at 1 Hz. Measured densities around 4 × 1016 cm−3 and temperatures around 7 eV result in a scattering parameter near unity, depending on the distance from the target. The measured spectra show the transition from collective scattering close to the target to non-collective scattering at larger distances. Densities obtained by fitting the weakly collective spectra agree to within 10% with an irradiance calibration performed via Raman scattering in nitrogen.
Utilising heterogeneous language resources for term extraction in maritime domains
Authors: Andersen Gisle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of terminologies for domains where these are lacking is a time-consuming and costly task. This article takes a methodological perspective and addresses a general methodological question: how can we, with limited funding, utilise to a maximal degree, existing language resources to create a terminology at a relatively low cost? Although an important player in the maritime industries for many centuries, Norway has not prioritised the systematic development of an official maritime terminology. The article therefore focuses specifically on efforts to develop a national resource for maritime domains. The article describes efforts to create a corpus of popular science and a parallel corpus of technical texts. Six different term extraction methods are applied. These include corpus-based statistical analyses of frequency, collocation and keyness, as well as bilingual term extraction. Finally, the pros and cons of each method are evaluated by means of a cost-benefit analysis.
Teachers’ perceptions and practices of translanguaging for emergent bilinguals in U.S. multilingual classrooms
Authors: Kim Sujin , Choi Sungshim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding on the framework of translanguaging both as individuals’ flexible language practices and classroom pedagogy, this article reports on a case study that examined perceptions and practices of pedagogical translanguaging among a group of teachers from elementary school classrooms with emergent bilingual learners in a Mid-Atlantic U.S. school district. The analysis shows a range of transformations in the teachers’ perceptions and practices as well as their perceived and structural challenges in implementing pedagogical translanguaging for content-integrated literacy instruction. The findings point towards the complexity of pedagogical translanguaging in superdiverse classrooms and address the need for expanded empirical research on pedagogical translanguaging.
Psychological needs satisfaction, self‐determined motivation, and physical activity of students in physical education: Comparison across gender and school levels
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Chen Ruzhuan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis study applies self‐determination theory (SDT) to test the hypothesised relationships amongst three basic psychological needs, level of self‐determined motivation (i.e. self‐determination index, SDI) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of Chinese elementary and secondary school students during their physical education (PE) in Shanghai, China. Gender and school‐level differences in these relationships are also explored. The participants comprise 1829 students from three elementary and secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Accelerometers are used to measure the MVPA duration of the participants in PE. The Self‐regulation Questionnaire and the Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale are completed by the participants to assess PE motivation and the three psychological needs of students. The structural equation modelling (SEM) results show that the hypothesised model has a good fit with our data. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness are positively associated with SDI for MVPA. The SDI is positively related to the time spent by students in MVPA in PE. The multi‐group path analysis results reveal that the relationship between SDI and MVPA is stronger for secondary school students than elementary students. Overall, our findings support the applicability of SDT in understanding and promoting the physical activities amongst Chinese school students in PE. Accordingly, intervention should be conducted to develop autonomy, competence and social relatedness of elementary and secondary school students. Additional efforts are required to encourage elementary school students to be more self‐determinant in PE classes.Highlights
Findings support the applicability of SDT in understanding and promoting the physical activities amongst Chinese school students in PE
SDI was positively related to school students’ MVPA level. The satisfaction of autonomy, competence and relatedness towards PE was positively associated with students’ SDI.
The proposed motivational sequence for adolescent MVPA in PE were similar for male and female students.
The relationship between SDI and MVPA of secondary school students was significantly stronger than elementary school students
COOMET Supplementary comparison on polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber
Authors: Kravtsov Vladimir , Mitiurev Aleksei 
Published: September 2021

Main text
INMETRO, KRISS, METAS and VNIIOFI carried out the supplementary comparison on Polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber (PMD). The aim of this comparison is to examine the equivalence of the PMD values for fiber optics among participating laboratories.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Report on the SIM photometry and radiometry Key comparison of spectral regular transmittance
Authors: Cooksey Catherine C , Toman Blaza 
Published: September 2021

Main text
This report details the results of the Inter-American Metrology System (SIM) key comparison on regular spectral transmittance (SIM.PR-K6.2010). Eight national metrology institutes participated in the comparison, which covered the spectral range from 380 nm to 1000 nm and the nominal transmittance range from 0.1 % to 90 % transmittance. The protocol mirrored that of the key comparison conducted by the Consultative Committee on Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR-K6.2010). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the pilot. Each participant received a single set of 5 comparison (neutral density) filters to measure. The pilot measured all sets before and after the participant measurements. All measurements were completed between December 2016 and February 2018. The results of this comparison were linked to the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of the CCPR comparison and are expressed in terms of degrees of equivalence. While most of the participants can adequately measure spectral regular transmittance and evaluate its uncertainty, there are some cases of non-equivalence that will require further investigation on the part of the participants.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Abel inversion of soft x-ray fluctuations associated with fast particle-driven fishbone instabilities in MAST plasmas
Authors: McClements K G , Young J , Garzotti L , Jones OM , Michael C A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A set of soft x-ray cameras provided measurements of high frequency instabilities as well as steady-state emission in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST). It is shown that Abel inversion can be readily applied to fluctuating soft x-ray emission from the MAST midplane associated with fast particle-driven ‘fishbone’ instabilities, characterised by toroidal mode number n = 1. Each fishbone burst had an early phase in which high amplitude fluctuating soft x-ray signals from the plasma core were close to being in phase with each other, and there was a region close to the outboard plasma edge in which the fluctuations were relatively weak and in antiphase with those in the core. The major radius of the ‘phase axis’ at which the mode amplitude changed sign R

p
was initially outboard of the tokamak magnetic axis at R
0, but moved inboard during the burst, eventually becoming close to R
0, at which time the oscillations were of similar amplitude inboard and outboard of R

p
. The fishbone radial structure early in the burst can be understood in part by recognising that the mode is supported by energetic ions with a high average toroidal rotation rate: in a co-rotating frame, the effective magnetic axis is shifted outboard by a distance that is comparable to the difference between the major radii of the phase axis early in the burst and the laboratory frame magnetic axis. It is conjectured that the transition to a mode with R

p
≃ R
0 occurred because most of the energetic ions were expelled from the plasma core region where the mode amplitude peaked, so that the instability could no longer be characterised as an energetic particle mode. Abel inversion of fishbone soft x-ray emission thus provides useful insights into the nature of energetic particle modes in tokamak plasmas and their relationship with MHD modes.
Invited Commentary: Drug Checking for Novel Insights Into the Unregulated Drug Supply
Authors: Dasgupta Nabarun , Figgatt Mary C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTobias et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191 (2):241–247) present a novel analysis of time trends in fentanyl concentrations in the unregulated drug supply in British Columbia, Canada. The preexisting knowledge about unregulated drugs had come from law-enforcement seizures and postmortem toxicology. As both of these data sources are subject to selection bias, large-scale drug-checking programs are poised to be a crucial component of the public health response to the unrelenting increase in overdose in North America. As programs expand, we offer 2 guiding principles. First, the primary purpose of these programs is to deliver timely results to people who use drugs to mitigate health risks. Second, innovation is needed to go beyond criminal justice paradigms in laboratory analysis for a more nuanced understanding of health concerns. We provide examples of the role adulterants play in our understanding of drug harms. We also describe the applications and limitations of common laboratory assays, with implications for epidemiologic surveillance. While the research and direct service teams in British Columbia have taken groundbreaking steps, there is still a need to establish best practices for communicating results to sample donors in an approachable yet nonalarmist tone.
Associations between Mental Health, Alcohol Consumption and Drinking Motives during COVID-19 Second Lockdown in Ireland
Authors: Carbia Carina , García-Cabrerizo Rubén , Cryan John F , Dinan Timothy G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has impacted the lives of people worldwide since March 2020. Social restrictions aimed at flattening the curve may be associated with an increase in mental health problems and have raised concerns regarding their effect on alcohol consumption. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in alcohol use during lockdown in Ireland and associations with drinking motives and psychopathological symptoms.

Methods
We collected data from 713 adults (aged 18–60) during the second lockdown period (October/December 2020). By means of an online survey, participants self-reported their alcohol use before COVID and during lockdown. Motives to drink and psychopathological symptoms were also recorded.

Results
Our findings showed that 66% decreased their alcohol consumption, while 15% increased their alcohol consumption. An older age and coping motives were the strongest predictors of increased alcohol use during lockdown. Depression and hostility were the specific psychopathological dimensions associated with drinking to cope.

Conclusions
Older adults who drink to cope—mainly with depression symptomatology—are an important at-risk population, in line with predictions from alcohol self-medication frameworks. Future research is needed to incorporate strategies into the public mental health ecosystem.
Oxygen plasma modulates glucosinolate levels without affecting lipid contents and composition inBrassica napusseeds
Authors: Maruyama-Nakashita Akiko , Ishibashi Yohei , Yamamoto Kyotaro , Zhang Liu , Morikawa-Ichinose Tomomi , Kim Sun-Ju , Hayashi Nobuya 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTRapeseed contains high levels of glucosinolates (GSLs), playing pivotal roles in defense against herbivores and pests. As their presence in rapeseed reduces the value of the meal for animal feeding, intensive efforts to reduce them produced low-seed GSL cultivars. However, there is no such variety suitable for the south part of Japan. Here, we tested the effects of cold oxygen plasma (oxygen CP) on seed germination and GSL and lipid content, in 3 rapeseed cultivars. According to the cultivars, oxygen CP slightly stimulated seed germination and modified the GSL levels, and decreased GSL levels in Kizakinonatane but increased those in Nanashikibu. In contrast, it negligibly affected the lipid content and composition in the 3 cultivars. Thus, oxygen CP modulated seed GSL levels without affecting seed viability and lipid content. Future optimization of this technique may help optimize rapeseed GSL content without plant breeding.
PATHOME-Drug: a subpathway-based polypharmacology drug-repositioning method
Authors: Nam Seungyoon , Lee Sungyoung , Park Sungjin , Lee Jinhyuk , Park Aron , Kim Yon Hui , Park Taesung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Drug repositioning reveals novel indications for existing drugs and in particular, diseases with no available drugs. Diverse computational drug repositioning methods have been proposed by measuring either drug-treated gene expression signatures or the proximity of drug targets and disease proteins found in prior networks. However, these methods do not explain which signaling subparts allow potential drugs to be selected, and do not consider polypharmacology, i.e. multiple targets of a known drug, in specific subparts.

Results
Here, to address the limitations, we developed a subpathway-based polypharmacology drug repositioning method, PATHOME-Drug, based on drug-associated transcriptomes. Specifically, this tool locates subparts of signaling cascading related to phenotype changes (e.g. disease status changes), and identifies existing approved drugs such that their multiple targets are enriched in the subparts. We show that our method demonstrated better performance for detecting signaling context and specific drugs/compounds, compared to WebGestalt and clusterProfiler, for both real biological and simulated datasets. We believe that our tool can successfully address the current shortage of targeted therapy agents.

Availability and implementation
The web-service is available at http://statgen.snu.ac.kr/software/pathome. The source codes and data are available at https://github.com/labnams/pathome-drug.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.