bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐development of alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation from ages 11 to 34: selection, socialization and genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Brislin Sarah J. , Clark D. Angus , Heitzeg Mary M. , Samek Diana R. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Hicks Brian M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsSocial context is an important factor in determining the developmental trajectory of alcohol use. We examined the co‐development between alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation. We also estimated the genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use problems, antisocial peer affiliation and their co‐development over time.DesignLongitudinal study using bivariate latent basis models with structured residuals (LBM‐SR). A biometric model was then fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the growth factors and their covariances.SettingThe United States mid‐west region.ParticipantsMembers of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS), an ongoing, longitudinal study of 3762 (52% female) twins (1881 pairs).MeasurementsAlcohol use problems were assessed using a composite measure of average number of drinks per occasion in the past 12 months, maximum number of drinks in 24 hours and DSM‐III‐R symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence. Antisocial peer affiliation was measured by self‐report of the proportion of one's friends who exhibited types of antisocial behaviors.FindingsThe LBM‐SR model revealed that there was a large correlation between the growth factors for alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation [r = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76, 0.80] and cross‐lagged effects consistent with both selection and socialization effects. Additionally, antisocial peer affiliation in adolescence was associated with greater increases in alcohol use problems over time (r = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.60). Genetic influences largely accounted for the association between antisocial peer affiliation in pre‐adolescence and growth in alcohol use problems, while shared environmental influences accounted for the correlation between antisocial peer affiliation and alcohol use problems growth factors.ConclusionsAntisocial peer affiliation in adolescence appears to be a salient, genetically influenced risk factor for early alcohol use and increase in alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood.
Dependence on nicotine in US high school students in the context of changing patterns of tobacco product use
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Brown Jamie , Jarvis Martin J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThere have been substantial recent changes in youth tobacco product use in the United States—including, notably, a rapid increase in use of e‐cigarettes. It is not known whether, and if so how far, these changes are reflected in levels of nicotine dependence. This study used data from a large, nationally representative sample of US adolescents to (i) estimate the annual prevalence of nicotine dependence in relation to current use of tobacco products, (ii) describe trends in dependence over time and (iii) evaluate whether the increase in youth use of tobacco products has been paralleled by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence.DesignSecondary analysis of National Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted annually, 2012–19.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsA total of 86 902 high school students.MeasurementsPrevalence of (i) strong cravings to use tobacco in the past 30 days and (ii) wanting to use nicotine products within 30 minutes of waking, in relation to type of product used (cigarettes, other combustible tobacco, smokeless tobacco, e‐cigarettes).FindingsBetween 2012 and 2019 there was a marked decline in past 30‐day cigarette smoking and a surge in use of e‐cigarettes. Different products were associated with differing levels of nicotine dependence, with cigarettes characterized by highest dependence (strong craving 42.3%; wanting to use within 30 minutes 16.8% among exclusive users in 2019) and e‐cigarettes in otherwise tobacco‐naive students by low dependence (16.1 and 8.8% respectively in 2019). The overall 33.8% increase in population use of nicotine products between 2012 and 2019 (from 23.2 to 31.2%) was not accompanied by an equivalent increase in overall population burden of dependence {percentage reporting craving 10.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.8–12.2%] in 2012 and 9.5% (95% CI = 7.5–12.0%) in 2019; wanting to use within 30 minutes 4.7% (95% CI = 4.0–5.5%) in 2012, 5.4% (95% CI = 4.0–7.2%) in 2019}.ConclusionsAmong US high school students, increases in the prevalence of nicotine product use from 2012 to 2019 do not appear to have been accompanied by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence. This may be at least partly attributable to a shift in the most common product of choice from cigarettes (on which users are most dependent) to e‐cigarettes (on which users are least dependent).
The impact of comprehensive tobacco control policies on cardiovascular diseases in Beijing, China
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Wang Zijing , Zheng Yunting , Wang Mengying , Wang Siyue , Wang Jiating , Wu Junhui , Wu Tao , Chang Chun , Hu Yonghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsChina has a high smoking prevalence, but lacks effective tobacco control interventions. In 2015, comprehensive policies that incorporated all six aspects of MPOWER were implemented in Beijing and were considered the strictest tobacco control policy implemented in China to date. Decreases in the prevalence of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure were observed thereafter. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Beijing's 2015 tobacco control policy package on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).DesignInterrupted time–series study.SettingBeijing, China.ParticipantsA total of 17.7 million employees enrolled in Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) between January 2013 to June 2017.InterventionsBeijing's 2015 comprehensive tobacco policy package, combining a complete ban on smoking in indoor public places, cessation support, more comprehensive bans on advertising, and tax rises.MeasurementsThe main outcome was hospital admissions for all CVDs and five major cause‐specific CVDs, including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), heart rhythm disturbances (HRDs), stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases (CBDs). The absolute number and proportion of reductions in the number of hospital admissions after the policies are reported.FindingsA total of 419 875 hospital admissions for CVD were identified. In total, 13.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.5%, 15.3%] of hospital admissions for CVD were averted by the tobacco control policies. For major cause‐specific CVDs, significant hospital admission reductions occurred for IHD (5.4%, 95% CI = 2.6%, 8.3%), stroke (21.2%, 95% CI = 17.8%, 24.6%) and other CBDs (25.9%, 95% CI = 20.8%, 31.0%), but not for HF (4.7%, 95% CI = −4.2%, 13.5%) or HRDs (4.7%, 95% CI = −2.9%, 12.3%).ConclusionsBeijing's 2015 tobacco control policy package appears to have been associated with a more than 10% reduction in all cardiovascular hospital admissions, including a more than 20% reduction in admissions for cerebrovascular diseases.
Barbed vs conventional suture at cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agarwal Sugandha , D’Souza Rohan , Ryu Michelle , Maxwell Cynthia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionBarbed sutures are used in cesarean delivery with the intended benefits of better tissue approximation, hemostasis, and strength, as well as reduced operative time. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of barbed suture compared with conventional sutures in cesarean delivery.Material and methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and three clinical trial registries, were searched from inception to December 2019, without restriction by language or publication year. Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of barbed suture with conventional sutures in closure of any layer (uterine/fascial/skin) during cesarean delivery were included. The safety outcomes included estimated blood loss, pain, mortality, and other morbidity including infection, re‐operation or re‐admission. Effectiveness outcomes included closure time, need for additional suture and scar integrity. Study selection, data extraction, risk‐of‐bias, and quality assessment were independently performed by two authors. Primary analysis compared outcomes for all layers of surgical closure, whereas subgroup analysis was performed by individual layer. Pooled mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using a random effects model. Level of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020168859.ResultsThe review included four trials (three comparing uterine closure and one comparing skin closure), at high risk of bias, representing 460 participants. Primary analysis showed no morbidity differences between two groups. The use of barbed suture for uterine closure was associated with shorter incision closure time (MD 110.58 seconds, 95% CI 93.79‐127.36 seconds), shorter total surgical time (MD 1.92 minutes, 95% CI 0.03‐3.80 minutes), and a reduced need for additional hemostatic sutures (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.28‐0.54), with no difference in estimated blood loss (MD 46.17 mL, 95% CI 13.55 to −105.89 mL) or postoperative morbidity (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.46‐2.01). The level of evidence was deemed to be low to very low, based on inconsistency and imprecision of results.ConclusionsBarbed sutures may be a suitable alternative to conventional sutures for uterine closure because they reduce uterine repair time, total surgical time, and the need for additional hemostatic sutures, without an increase in blood loss or maternal morbidity.
Habit formation following routine‐based versus time‐based cue planning: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Keller Jan , Kwasnicka Dominika , Klaiber Patrick , Sichert Lena , Lally Phillippa , Fleig Lena 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesHabit formation has been identified as one of the key determinants of behaviour change. To initiate habit formation, self‐regulation interventions can support individuals to form a cue‐behaviour plan and to repeatedly enact the plan in the same context. This randomized controlled trial aimed to model habit formation of an everyday nutrition behaviour and examined whether habit formation and plan enactment differ when individuals plan to enact their behaviour in response to a routine‐based versus time‐based cue.DesignFollowing a baseline assessment, N = 192 adults (aged 18–77 years) were randomly assigned to a routine‐based cue or a time‐based cue planning intervention, in which they selected an everyday nutrition behaviour and linked it to a daily routine or a time cue.MethodsParticipants responded to daily questionnaires over 84 days assessing plan enactment and the behaviour’s automaticity (as an indicator of habit formation). Multilevel models with days nested in participants were fitted.ResultsAs indicated by asymptotic curves, it took a median of 59 days for participants who successfully formed habits to reach peak automaticity. Group‐level analyses revealed that both routine‐based and time‐based cue planning led to increases in automaticity and plan enactment, but no between‐condition differences were found. Repeated plan enactment was a key predictor for automaticity.ConclusionsLinking one’s nutrition behaviour to a daily routine or a specific time was similarly effective for habit formation. Interventions should encourage persons to repeatedly carry out their planned behaviour in response to the planned cue to facilitate habit formation.
Conservation cost‐effectiveness: a review of the evidence base
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Cook Carly , Verma Megha , Carrasco Luis Roman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrioritizing conservation interventions based on their cost‐effectiveness may enhance global conservation impact. To do this prioritization, conservation decision‐makers need evidence of what works where and how much it costs. Yet, the size, representativeness, and strength of the cost‐effectiveness evidence base are unknown. We reviewed conservation cost‐effectiveness studies, exploring the representation of different types of conservation interventions, habitats and locations, and the methods used. Studies were included if they were published in conservation science or related fields before 2017; were peer‐reviewed; reported costs and conservation‐effectiveness or ratios; and were based on empirical data. From an initial search of 13,184 articles, 91 were considered eligible. We found that the number of cost‐effectiveness studies were growing but remain small. Many common conservation interventions were poorly represented, and there were large geographical biases, with few studies in the world's more biodiverse regions. This sparse and patchy evidence may result from challenges faced when conducting cost‐effectiveness analysis. However, some of these challenges are not unique to cost‐effectiveness studies, and others could be overcome through the use of standardized reporting methods. The reward for overcoming these challenges, and strengthening the evidence base, could be a significant and much‐needed improvement in global conservation.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 in hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients compared to a matched cohort of non‐transplant patients at a national healthcare system in the United States
Authors: Fisher Arielle M. , Schlauch Daniel , Mulloy Matthew , Dao Ann , Reyad Ashraf I. , Correll Mick , Fromell Gregg J. , Pittman James , Bingaman Adam W. , Sankarapandian Balamurugan , Allam Sridhar R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractData describing outcomes of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are variable, and the association between SOT status and mortality remains unclear. In this study, we compare clinical outcomes of SOT recipients hospitalized with COVID‐19 between March 10, and September 1, 2020, to a matched cohort of non‐SOT recipients at a national healthcare system in the United States (US). From a population of 43 461 hospitalized COVID‐19‐positive patients, we created a coarsened exact matched cohort of 4035 patients including 128 SOT recipients and 3907 weighted matched non‐SOT controls. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate association between SOT status and clinical outcomes. Among the 4035 patients, median age was 60 years, 61.7% were male, 21.9% were Black/African American, and 50.8% identified as Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Patients with a history of SOT were more likely to die within the study period when compared to matched non‐SOT recipients (21.9% and 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–3.15). Moreover, SOT status was associated with increased odds of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (OR [95% CI]: 2.34 [1.51–3.65]), developing acute kidney injury (OR [95% CI]: 2.41 [1.59–3.65]), and receiving vasopressor support during hospitalization (OR [95% CI]: 2.14 [1.31–3.48]).
Pre‐transplant Social Adaptability Index and clinical outcomes in renal transplantation: The Swiss Transplant Cohort study
Authors: Denhaerynck Kris , Goldfarb‐Rumyantzev Alexander S. , Sandhu Gurprataap , Beckmann Sonja , Huynh‐Do Uyen , Binet Isabelle , De Geest Sabina ,   For the Psychosocial Interest Group,   Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of pre‐transplant social determinants of health on post‐transplant outcomes remains understudied. In the United States, poor clinical outcomes are associated with underprivileged status, as assessed by the Social Adaptability Index (SAI), a composite score of education, employment status, marital status, household income, and substance abuse. Using data from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS), we determined the SAI's predictive value regarding two post‐transplant outcomes: all‐cause mortality and return to dialysis.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2018, we included adult renal transplant patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with pre‐transplant assessment SAI scores, calculated from a STCS Psychosocial Questionnaire. Time to all‐cause mortality and return to dialysis were predicted using Cox regression.ResultsOf 1238 included patients (mean age: 53.8 ± 13.2 years; 37.9% female; median follow‐up time: 4.4 years [IQR: 2.7]), 93 (7.5%) died and 57 (4.6%) returned to dialysis. The SAI's hazard ratio was 0.94 (95%CI: 0.88–1.01;p = .09) for mortality and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.85–1.02;p = .15) for return to dialysis.ConclusionsIn contrast to most published studies on social deprivation, analysis of this Swiss sample detected no significant association between SAI score and mortality or return to dialysis.
Inside job: Migration and distributive politics in the European Union
Authors: Angin Merih , Shehaj Albana , Shin Adrian J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMigration has become a top policy priority of the European Union (EU) in the wake of the 2015 migrant crisis. Given the significant ramifications of non‐European immigration for its member states, the EU has implemented a variety of policies to minimize popular backlashes within the borders of its wealthiest member states, which are also popular final destinations for migrants. In this article, we show that the EU offers financial incentives to its migrant‐transit member countries in exchange for holding migrants traveling from the Middle East and North Africa region within their territories. We use a subnational dataset on Southern Italy to examine the effects of migrant arrivals by boat on the amount of the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund received by each autonomous region between 2006 and 2018. In addition, we provide a cross‐national analysis of EU expenditures using data on unauthorized border crossings into the EU between 2009 and 2018. We find robust empirical support for the argument that the EU channels more funds to jurisdictions located on the major migrant‐transit routes.
Patient and public involvement cultures and the perceived impact in the vulnerable context of palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Melchior Inge , van der Heijden Anouk , Stoffers Esther , Suntjens Frits , Moser Albine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCultural values are crucial to the practice and impact of patient and public involvement (PPI) in research.ObjectiveTo understand different PPI cultures among research teams and the impacts of PPI associated with each culture type.DesignA participatory action research design.Setting and participantsThe setting was 10 palliative care research projects. Seventeen patients and members of the public and 31 researchers participated.InterventionA programme consisting of four components: (1) training and coaching of patients and the public to prepare them for participation in research, (2) tailored coaching of the 10 research teams over 12‐18 months, (3) a community of practice, and (4) a qualitative evaluation.ResultsWe identified three cultures types: relationship cultures, task cultures, and control cultures. We identified four areas of impact: the project aim became more relevant to the target audience, methodological reliability increased, the research products were better able to reach the public, and the awareness increased, associated with behavioural changes, among researchers regarding PPI.DiscussionA relationship culture appears to be long‐lasting due to impacting the behaviours of the researchers during future projects. Different cultural types require different types of patients and researcher participants, assigned to different tasks.ConclusionsFurther research remains necessary to investigate the support required by researchers to enable relationship‐ and task‐oriented PPI cultures.Patient or public contributionPatient advocates and representatives contributed to our research team throughout the entire research process, as well as within the 10 implementation projects.
Mucosal IL‐10 and IL‐10 receptor expression patterns in paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wittmann Dayagi Talya , Werner Lael , Pinsker Marina , Salamon Naomi , Barschak Iris , Weiss Batia , Shouval Dror S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a key anti‐inflammatory cytokine. We aimed to assess IL‐10 and IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R) expression in the gut, and determine whether these patterns are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded rectal and transverse colon sections were collected from three groups of patients: (a) control subjects with normal colonoscopy and without history of inflammatory bowel disease; (b) UC patients with extensive colitis or pancolitis (E3/E4 phenotype); and (c) UC patients with limited distal disease (E1/E2 phenotype; n = 8‐10 subjects per group). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess expression patterns of IL‐10, IL‐10R1 and IL‐10R2, and was correlated with clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity indices among patients. A trend towards increased IL‐10 expression was noted in rectal biopsies of patients with active UC, compared with controls. Moreover, IL‐10 levels were significantly increased in transverse colon biopsies of patients with extensive/pancolitis, compared with control subjects and patients with limited distal disease. Rectal IL‐10R1 and IL‐10R2 levels were comparable between control subject and patients with active UC. However, transverse colon IL‐10R1 levels were significantly higher in patients with E3/E4 colitis, compared with controls. Finally, we found no correlation between clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity of inflammation among UC patients and IL‐10, IL‐10R1 or IL‐10R2 expression in rectal sections. Mucosal expression patterns of IL‐10 and IL‐10R, evaluated by IHC, were overall similar between control subjects and patients with active UC. Given IL‐10’s anti‐inflammatory properties, additional studies are required to determine whether signalling through the IL‐10R is altered among these patients.
Nursing strategies for the post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Lee Jia , Cho Hwa Sook , Shin Sung Rae 
Published: January 2021

In this indefinite pandemic situation, roles of nurses have been most illuminated by the public, but the nurses may soon start experiencing burnout. This paper highlights roles of nurses in COVID care in Korea and nursing strategies for the post‐COVID era. As we are the frontline advocators of the public, when we develop strategies for their health and quality of life, we receive public support that can help resolve our issues. We will improve our poor working environments through mutual cooperation, as we are one.Implications for NursingNurses need to possess a variety of abilities, such as the digital literacy required by the non‐contact era after COVID‐19, and to expand the boundaries of the nursing profession in convergence of health services with technology.