bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF PAIN ON PROPOFOL INJECTION
Authors: MAHMOOD IMRAN , YASMINE MUSARRAT 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT… Background: Propofol is wonderful drug for short duration procedures. However, pain on injection of propofol, which has been reported to occur in 28-90% of patients, is a major drawback to its use. Different methods have been used to decrease this pain but intravenous lignocaine is most commonly used pretreatment. Period:................... Methods: A comparative, randomized, double blind study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of three drugs for prevention of pain on propofol injection on induction of anaesthesia. 100 patients of ASA status 1 and 2 posted for General Surgery were allocated randomly in four groups of 25 each, using computer- generated table of random numbers. Venous occlusion was made with tourniquet for one minute. The study drug intravenous lignocaine 1% 2ml (group1), Ketamine 10mg(group2), Dexamethasone 4mg in 2ml (group 3) or normal saline 2ml (group 4) was administered over 10 seconds according to random number. There after occlusion was released and intravenous propofol was given. After the first 25% of propofol given, patients were asked for intensity of pain they experienced.Conclusion: It was concluded that Lignocaine, Ketamine and Dexamethasone significantly reduces the pain induced by Propofol injection pain as compared to Placebo but there is no difference in efficacy for prevention of pain among these three groups Key words: Propofol, pain, intravenous injection.Results: Lignocaine, Ketamine and Dexamethasone significantly reduces the pain on propofol injection in comparison to placebo, but there was no significant difference in pain score among groups 1, 2, 3. There was no significant difference in recall of pain among groups 1, 2, and 3. Although there was significant difference between placebo group and other three groups
MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX (MCI)
Authors: MUGHAL IRFAN AHMED , SAQIB ANWAR SAOOD , MANZUR FARIDA 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi – Pakistani population. Setting: Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College, aisalabad. Period: Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent (Through 3rd party). Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. Mandibular canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student’s “t” test. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females (same sex) but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study (Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%). Conclusion: MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97 % in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately.Availability of comprehensive database with “NADRA” can also be used as adjunct to “MCI” to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan.
LEGIONELLA INFECTION
Authors: AZHAR ESAM I. , ASHSHI AHMAD M. , ASGHAR ATIF H. , Bukhari Syed Zahid , Zafar Tariq A. , Jukdar Hani A. 
Published: September 2021

Respiratory system is most commonly affected during Hajj season. Objectives: (1) to determine the prevalence of Legionella in drinking water, cooling sprinklers and other sources of water consumed in pilgrimage area of the holy city, Makkah; (2) to study the prevalence of pneumonia caused by Legionella species from clinically suspected cases; and (3) to determine whether there is any relationship diseaseincidence and water supply system. Material & methods: The clinical samples were received from in-patients of the following five Ministry of Health (MOH) Hospitals; Hera General Hospital, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, King Faisal Hospital, King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, and Ajyad Hospital during Hajj 2003. The patients included in the study were those who fulfilled the following criteria; clinically diagnosed as pneumonia, negativeon routine cultures and found negative for acid fast bacilli (AFB) from sputum/bronchial aspirate (BAL). Serological tests was done by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Legionella antibodies Total IgG and IgM. Results: Out of total 133 patients suspected for Legionella, 83 (62.4%) were male and 50 (37.6%) female. The male versus female ratio was 1:0.6. The major age group affected was between 50-70 years(63.2%). There were 4 (3.0%) cases of Legionella species isolated from Microbiological cultures. The overall seropositive rate among clinically suspected cases was 4.51%. A total of 560 water samples were collected from Arafat, Muzdalifa, Mena, and areas around the Holy Mosque and found negative for Legionella species. Conclusion: Pneumonia was one of the most common illnesses among pilgrims. The water supplied toall areas of the pilgrimage was free from the Legionella and no link has been established among the patients with water supply systems. Both clinicians’ awareness and availability of specialized laboratory tests for atypical pneumonia such as Legionella is necessary. Although, all water samples found negative for Legionella but it is recommended to screen all water reservoirs for Legionella annually before Hajj season.
TRANS VESICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: AHMED NISAR , MALIK MASUD , RASHEED ABDUL , Hussain Malik , Iqbal Muhammad , Chugta Mohammad Nawaz i 
Published: September 2021

To determine the effectiveness of prostectomy in reducing symptom severity and quality of life. Design: A prospective study. Setting: Urology department civil hospital Dadu. Period: 2005 to 2007. Patients & methods: 100 men under going prostectomy were assessed using the American urological Association (AUA) symptom index score and quality of life. The adverse events like urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation also detected. The outcome was assessed after 3 month of prostectomy. Results:Prostectomy was effective in reducing symptoms. Initial mean IPSS was 25 and reduced to 7 with p value < 0.001. Quality of life also assessed which showed majority of cases were mostly satisfied. Adverse events like transient incontinence 10%, retrograde ejaculation in 65% and erectile dysfunction in 25% respectively. Conclusion: Prostectomy is effective in reducing symptom severity and improve quality of life whichwas detected by IPSS and quality of life questionnaire.
INVENTARISASI DATA IRIGASI MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMBAGIAN DEBIT AIR
Authors: Munir Agus Qomaruddin 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak - Kabupaten Sleman merupakan salah satu wilayah propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang dijadikan sebagai daerah lumbung padi. Hal ini menjadi salah satu potensi di bidang pertanian untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan bagi penduduk di wilayah sekitarnya. Hasil panen di wilayah kabupaten Sleman yang terbesar salah satunya adalah padi. Pengembangan dan pemeliharaan padi di area persawahan di Kabupaten Sleman tergantung dari ketersediaan air pada jaringan irigasi sehingga dibutuhkan data tentang kondisi jaringan irigasi dan informasi terkait yang diperlukan. Informasi dapat dihasilkan dari perancangan sistem informasi geografis yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan detail data jaringan irigasi dan lokasi mana saja yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber air. Sistem informasi geografis dibuat agar masyarakat dapat mengetahui wilayah-wilayah yang terdapat pembangunan jaringan pemanfaatan air yang tersebar di wilayah tertentu khususnya di daerah kabupaten Sleman. Perancangan dan implementasi sistem dibuat guna memberikan solusi tentang manfaat sistem informasi geografi sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan pemetaan wilayah irigasi dan memberikan perkiraan pembagian air untuk wilayah pertanian dan perikanan di Kabupaten Sleman Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam bentuk visualisasi pemetaan wilayah berbasis sistem informasi geografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa Sistem Informasi Geografis berbasis web untuk mengelola data irigasi guna pembagian debit air di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman.

Kata kunci :Debit Air, Inventarisasi Irigasi, Sistem Informasi Geografi.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK PERIZINAN PEREDARAN HASIL HUTAN
Authors: Anike Marleni , Fattu Imen 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak - Aplikasi p4H2 merupakan model aplikasi website yang khusus dikembangkan untuk KPH Wilayah Kota Kupang. Dimana cikal bakal dikembangkannya aplikasi ini adalah KPH Wilayah Kota Kupang merupakan salah satu instansi pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk melaksanakan pelayanan publik perizinan peredaran hasil hutan di Kota Kupang dalam rangka upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat maupun dalam rangka pelaksanaan peraturan perundang-undangan. Guna memaksimalkan efektifitas kerja, proses perizinan peredaran hasil hutan maka dikembangkanlah aplikasi ini untuk memangkas waktu, tenaga serta biaya baik petugas maupun pemohon. Untuk mengembangkan aplikasi digunakan PHP, XAMPP, Bootstrap 4. Perancangan sistemnya secara terstruktur yakni mendeskripsikan Flowchart, ERD, HIPO, Diagram konteks arah pengembangan sistem digunakan metode SDLC. Hasil yang diperoleh melalui ujicoba dengan petugas bahwa aplikasi ini sangat memudahkan pekerjaan mereka dapat mengurangi biaya dan waktu baik petugas maupun pemohon. Proses memasukkan dan menampilkan data menjadi lebih cepat dan efektif. Untuk fungsi aksi pada setiap form berhasil sesuai dengan fungsinya masing-masing. Maka, secara keseluruhan aplikasi berhasil dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan petugas.

Kata Kunci : Aplikasi Website, PHP, Terstruktur, Bootstrap4, SDLC, KPH Wilayah Kota Kupang
Hierarchy of homeostasis mechanisms of human-machine complexes: problems of their analysis and Implementation
Authors: Bagretsov Sergey , Shalonov Evgeny , Rozanova Lyudmila 
Published: September 2021

Developing control systems for regional socio-economic and large technical systems is inevitably associated with the concept of human-machine complexes (HMC). They are considered as a set of a large number of hierarchically dependent complex subsystems, including staffs and machines, possessing a certain degree of organization and autonomy, interconnected by mechanisms and means of organization (i.e. material and informational links) to ensure the purposeful functioning of the entire system as a single whole in conditions of tense internal resource close to the limiting ones.
The article discusses the hierarchy of interrelated homeostasis mechanisms of the HMC, ensuring both its parameter constancy and the performance of systemic functions at all hierarchy levels. In particular, the following types of homeostasis are considered: a parametric type (the internal circuit of homeostasis), designed to maintain the parameter constancy of HMC active elements and a functional type (the external circuit of homeostasis), ensuring the constancy of its functioning. At the same time, the functional integrity of the system is ensured by the work of the interrelated static-dynamic and entropy-organizational homeostasis mechanisms, which, in turn, in practical activity are implemented through coordination-motivational (CMR), organizational-motivational (OMP) and functional (FMR) mechanisms of regulation. The need for an integrated application of all entropy-organizational regulation mechanisms (CMR, OMR, FMR) in the operators’ activities determines the necessity to use multivariate methods to determine their composition and application.
To solve this problem, the article examines the supersystem elements of the activity regulation, which are formed as a result of the operators’ psychological interaction in the process of their activity, as a kind of an abstract system of a higher order, which has its own supersystem properties, its own autonomous metric and conservation laws, and most importantly, its situation reflection which is different from the system one. In this case, homeostatic hierarchical networks, the elements of which are homeostatic mechanisms of HMC operators at various levels, become the basis of HMC structural-hierarchical homeostasis.
Thus, being complex systems, HMC synergistically change (adapt) their internal characteristics, thereby ensure the integrity of the entire system functioning, which allows speaking, on the one hand, of their homeostaticity as the HMC most important characteristic, and on the other hand, determining the need to search for new approaches to their methodological description, and, consequently, to organizing their management and design.
Applying an active strategy for updating the potential properties of human-machine complexes in the processes of their design and operation
Authors: Bagretsov Sergey , Shalonov Evgeny , Rozanova Lyudmila 
Published: September 2021

The analysis of the literature, reflecting the problem of potentiality in creating complex systems, including human-machine complexes (HMC) is carried out. On the basis of the generalized data, potentiality is defined as a fundamental property of objective reality, an integral part of the integrity structure of complex objects, which in the process of their functioning manifests itself in the form of engineering control situations unforeseen by the developers.
A strategy for solving the problem of revealing the potential properties of HMC is considered from the viewpoint of comparing two approaches of “passive” and “active” strategies.
A “passive” strategy means that the situations that arise unforeseen by the developers are taken into account by them, usually in the future when improving the technique. This approach does not consider the specifics of manifesting the systemic properties of the HMC and is incorrect from the methodological positions of modern systemic studies that assert the equivalence of subject-object relations in HMC.
An “active” strategy for solving the problem under study includes a targeted search, disclosure and actualization of the potential properties of an object not only at the stages of its design and creation, but also at the stages of the exploitation in the joint activity of all professionals, namely developers, operators, engineering psychologists. This approach is based on forecasting and studying the potential properties of an exploited object on the basis of organizing a systematic and controlled cognitive process and studying the dynamics of changes in its operational characteristics under conditions of external factors that go beyond normal situations.
It is concluded that to assess the characteristics of the HMC and determine the rational organization of its structures, it is necessary to develop an “active” strategy that allows using any type of information, including accurate data obtained on the basis of the deterministic methods of analysis, and inaccurate data obtained on the basis of an analysis of intuition, experience, considering all specialists’ values of judgments and figurative guesses, which will contribute to disclosing the potential of the created technical objects in the process of ergonomic support for their design and operation.
Using visual thinking for computer support in teaching the design of technological equipment
Authors: Rybakov Anatoliy , Evdokimov Sergey , Krasnov Andrey , Shurpo Alexandr 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of using multidisciplinary visualization tools in the educational process based on a logical-semantic scheme (LSS), which acts as a methodological platform for building a system of automated support for engineering decisions in designing technological equipment.
An interactive learning environment is examined, which, by actively interacting with students, significantly increases the effectiveness, being able to accommodate and coordinate together more multidisciplinary information.
In a visual version, the characteristics of the technologization means are presented, in conditions of computerization having logical and semantic schemes about the studied subject area, and an example of a multidisciplinary presentation of a course for students on designing heater plates for injection molding of plastics is considered.
A diagram is presented that illustrates the current state of theoretical knowledge. It allows visualizing the basic concepts, formation, structure and arrangement of the stated knowledge for students. It clearly shows the cause-and-effect relationship. This, on the one hand, makes it easier for a young specialist to understand the knowledge being studied, and on the other hand, it allows having deeper understanding of the design of technological equipment.
Clinical impact of anisotropic analytical algorithm and Acuros XB dose calculation algorithms for intensity modulated radiation therapy in lung cancer patients
Authors: Abdullah Chaymaa , Farag Hamed , El-Sheshtawy Wael , Aboelenein Hassan , Guirguis O.W. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dose differences predicted between using Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) in patients diagnosed with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). METHODS: A phantom study was done to evaluate the dose prediction accuracy of AXB and AAA beyond low-density medium by comparing the calculated measurement results. Thirty-two advanced NSCLC patients were subjected to IMRT. The dose regimen was 60 Gy over 30 fractions. Effects on planning target volume (PTV) and organ-at-risk (OAR) were evaluated. Clinically acceptable treatment plans with AAA were re-calculated using AXB algorithms with two modes Dw and Dm at the same beam arrangements and multileaf collimator leaf settings as with AAA. RESULTS: Using AXB yielded better agreement with the measurements and the average dose difference for all points was about 0.5%. Conversely, using AAA showed a larger disagreement with measured values and the average difference was up to 5.9%. The maximum relative difference was between AXB_Dm and AAA for PTV dose (D98 %). The percentage dose differences of plans calculated by AAA, AXB_Dw and AAA, AXB_Dm revealed that AAA overestimated the dose than AXB. Regarding OAR, results showed significant difference for lungs-PTV. CONCLUSIONS: AXB algorithm yields more accurate dose prediction than AAA in heterogeneous medium. Differences in dose distribution are observed when plans re-calculated with AXB indicating that AAA apparently overestimates dose, particularly the PTV dose. Thus, AXB algorithm should be used in preference to AAA for cases in which PTVs are involved with tissues of highly different densities, such as lung.
The Evaluation of the Effect of Topical Fluoride on the Micro Hardness of Various Restorative Materials- an in Vitro Study
Authors: Chakraborty Abhraleen , Singh Deepti Jawa , Jaidka Shipra , Somani Rani , Bhat Anu , Sharma Poonam 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dental caries considered to be a multifactorial disease requires meticulous management and prevention. For prevention the most successful and commonly used agent is fluoride and if applied topically by means of APF gel it has a success rate of around 60%.
Aims and objectives: To evaluate and compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel. To evaluate the effect of topical fluoride on the micro hardness of various restorative materials using universal testing machine as well as to compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel.
Materials and methods: 80 standardized restorative pellets made with various restorative materials constituted the sample size for the evaluation of micro hardness with and without the application of APF gel on the prepared restorative pellets. The prepared 80 molds were equally distributed for the preparation of 20 restorative pellets of four restorative materials each (viz.) Glass Ionomer Cement, Zirconomer, Amalgomer, Cention-N. Out of 20 samples prepared 10 samples were considered as control, which were tested without the application of APF gel. While 10 samples were taken as experimental, which were conditioned with APF gel before the test.
Results: The result of the microhardness test after the application of fluoride gel showed that the highest microhardess was shown by Group III Amalgomer CR with mean 52.62 ± 0.65. The other materials in the order of decreasing hardness were Group IV Cention N 50.52 ± 0.69, Group II Zirconomer 46.80 ± 0.68 and least for Group I conventional Gic 43.38 ± 0.53. The percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel was recorded highest in GIC type IX followed by Amalgomer CR, Cention N and Zirconomer. Zirconomer has the least percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel amongst all the restorative materials.
Keywords: APF gel, Amalgomer CR, Cention N, micro hardness, topical fluoride, Zirconomer.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP KEMISKINAN
Authors: Romadhoni Buyung , Akhmad Akhmad 
Published: September 2021

Keberpihakan pemerintah daerah terhadap penduduk miskin dalam era otonomi perlu dilakukan, mengingat jumlah penduduk miskin relatif masih tinggi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kebijakan pemerintah daerah terhadap angka kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel tahun 2012 sampai 2018 pada 24 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data diperoleh dari; Dirjen Perimbangan keuangan Kementrian Keuangan, badan pusat statistik kabupaten kota, dan Pemerintah Daerah. Data yang dugunakan meliputi; angka kemiskinan, belanja modal, belanja sosial, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Data kemudian analisis dengan analisis tipologi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa daerah yang berada pada kuadran pertama adalah daerah dengan angka kemiskinan tinggi, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi tinggi, belanja modal tinggi, dan belanja sosial tinggi. Karena itu daerah yang berada pada kuadran pertama kurang efektif dalam mendukung penanggulangan kemiskinan di daerahnya. Dalam penelitian terdapat tiga kabupaten kota yang konsisten berada pada kuadran ini. Sementara kuadran empat mencerminkan kondisi dimana pemerintah daerah memiliki kebijakan yang cukup efektif dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Hanya saja dalam penelitian ini hanya terdapat satu kabupaten/kota yang konsisten berada pada posisi ini. Dalam upaya untuk menurunkan angka kemiskinan, maka keberpihakan pemerintah daerah terhadap program penanggulangan kemiskinan mutlak diperlukan.