bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial analysis of oribatid mites provides insights into their atypical tRNA annotation, genome rearrangement and evolution
Authors: Zhan Xue-Bing , Chen Bing , Fang Yu , Dong Fang-Yuan , Fang Wei-Xi , Luo Qian , Chu Ling-Miao , Feng Rui , Wang Yan , Su Xuan , Fang Ying , Xu Jiao-Yang , Zuo Ze-Tao , Xia Xing-Quan , Yu Jie-Gen , Sun En-Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Sarcoptiformes mites typically contain 37 genes. Although the loss of genes is rare in Sarcoptiformes mite mitogenomes, two of the six previously reported oribatid mites (Acariforms: Sarcoptiformes) are reported to have lost parts of their tRNA genes. To confirm whether the tRNA genes were indeed lost and whether the loss is universal, we re-annotated the available oribatid mite sequences and sequenced the mitogenome of Oribatula sakamorii.

Methods
The mitogenome of O. sakamorii was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. The mt tRNA gene was annotated using multi-software combined with a manual annotation approach. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods with concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences.

Results
The mitogenomes of O. sakamorii contained 37 genes, including 22 tRNA genes. We identified all mt tRNA genes that were reported as “lost” in Steganacarus magnus and Paraleius leontonychus and revealed certain atypical tRNA annotation errors in oribatid mite sequences. Oribatid mite mitogenomes are characterized by low rates of genetic rearrangement, with six or seven gene blocks conserved between the mitogenome of all species and that of ancestral arthropods. Considering the relative order of the major genes (protein-coding genes and rRNAs), only one or two genes were rearranged with respect to their positions in the ancestral genome. We explored the phylogenetic relationships among the available oribatid mites, and the results confirmed the systematic position of Hermannia in the Crotonioidea superfamily. This was also supported by the synapomorphic gene-derived boundaries.

Conclusions
The tRNA “lost” phenomenon is not universal in oribatid mites. Rather, highly atypical secondary structure of the inferred mt tRNA genes made them unidentifiable using a single type of tRNA search program. The use of multi-software combined with a manual annotation approach can improve the accuracy of tRNA gene annotation. In addition, we identified the precise systematic position of Hermannia and validated that Astigmata is nested in Oribatida.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular detection of cattle Sarcocystis spp. in North-West Italy highlights their association with bovine eosinophilic myositis
Authors: Rubiola Selene , Civera Tiziana , Panebianco Felice , Vercellino Davide , Chiesa Francesco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Cattle are intermediate hosts of six Sarcocystis species, among which Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis heydorni can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat. In addition to the zoonotic potential, there is increasing interest in these protozoa because of the evidence supporting the role of Sarcocystis spp. in the occurrence of bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM), a specific inflammatory myopathy which leads to carcass condemnation and considerable economic losses. Actually, all the prevalence studies carried out on cattle in Italy have been based on either morphological or 18S rDNA-based molecular techniques, most likely leading to misidentification of closely related species. Therefore, there is a strong need for new data on the prevalence of the different Sarcocystis spp. in cattle in Italy and their association with bovine eosinophilic myositis.

Methods
To reach our aim, individual striated muscle samples from BEM condemned carcasses (N = 54) and diaphragm muscle samples from randomly sampled carcasses (N = 59) were obtained from Northwest Italy slaughterhouses. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by multiplex-PCR targeting 18S rDNA and cox1 genes. PCR products amplified using the genus-specific primer set in absence of the specific fragment for S. hirsuta, S. cruzi, S. hominis or S. bovifelis were sequenced to achieve species identification.

Results
Sarcocystis DNA was detected in 67.8% of the samples from slaughter cattle and in 90.7% of the samples from BEM condemned carcasses. S. cruzi was identified as the most prevalent species in slaughter cattle (61%), followed by S. bovifelis (10.2%), S. hominis (8.5%) and S. hirsuta (1.7%). Notably, among the different Sarcocystis spp. detected, the presence of S. bovifelis and S. hominis was significantly higher in samples isolated from BEM condemned carcasses (46.3% and 40.7% respectively), while there was no statistically significant difference between the presence of S. cruzi or S. hirsuta in BEM condemned carcasses (42.6% and 1.8%, respectively) and randomly sampled carcasses. Furthermore, DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative new species in two carcasses.

Conclusions
Our study contributes to updating the data on the prevalence of the different Sarcocystis spp. in cattle in Italy, highlighting the presence of three Sarcocystis spp., S. cruzi, S. hominis and S. bovifelis, in BEM lesions and allowing us to speculate on the possible role of S. hominis and S. bovifelis as the major sarcosporidian species involved in bovine eosinophilic myositis.

Graphical Abstract
The effect of climate change on depression in urban areas of western Iran
Authors: Abbasi Hamed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Human is accustomed to climatic conditions of the environment where they are born and live throughout their lifetime. The aim of this study is to examine mood swings and depression caused by sudden climate changes that have not yet given the humans a chance to adapt.

Results
Our results showed that depression could be affected by climate change and as a result, the behavior of climatic elements and trends has damaged mental health in the western regions of Iran. By investigating the trends and changes of climatic time series and their relationship with the rate of depression in urban areas of western Iran, it can be said that climate change is probably a mental health challenge for urban populations. Climate change is an important and worrying issue that makes the life difficult. Rapid climate changes in western Iran including rising air temperature, changes in precipitation, its regime, changes cloudiness and the amount of sunlight have a negative effects on health. The results showed that type of increasing or decreasing trend, as well as different climatic elements in various seasons did not have the same effect on the rate of depression in the studied areas.
Intestinal thromboangiitis obliterans: a case report
Authors: Mishra Swastik Sourav , Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Mitra Suvradeep , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Thromboangiitis obliterans or Buerger’s disease is a form of peripheral vascular disease in young male smokers. The involvement of the intestine occurs in only about 2% of the cases, when they may present as acute abdomen due to mesenteric ischemia. The uncommonness of the condition makes it a less suspected differential diagnosis, leading to a delay in appropriate management, thereby increasing chances of morbidity or mortality. Cessation of smoking is known to stall the disease progression including visceral involvement, but may not always be the case as happened in the case being presented.

Case presentation
Our Indian Hindu male patient, a known smoker, presented with diffuse abdominal pain along with bouts of vomiting and loose motions. He had a prior history of amputation of the right foot, 4 years before. At presentation he had abdominal distension with diffuse tenderness and guarding. An omental band attached to the tip of the appendix was discovered at the initial exploration along with dilated proximal bowel loops, for which a release of the omental band along with appendectomy was done. He developed an enterocutaneous fistula on the 6th postoperative day for which he had to be reexplored, and multiple jejunal perforations were found. Segmental jejunal resection and a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with distal ileostomy were done along with a feeding jejunostomy. The patient however again had feculent discharge from the wound for which a third exploration was done. The gastrojejunostomy and feeding jejunostomy sites were leaky, both of which were repaired primarily. The patient developed septicemia which progressed to refractory septic shock, and he ultimately succumbed to his illness on the 23rd postoperative day of the index surgery.

Conclusion
Acute abdomen in a young man who is a chronic smoker and having an antecedent history of amputation of some part of an extremity for a nontraumatic cause should raise the suspicion of Buerger’s disease of the intestine. Although it is a progressive disease and the situation has already progressed by the time intestinal symptoms manifest, early detection may give some scope of salvage and decrease the morbidity and mortality.
Positive radial solutions for a noncooperative resonant nuclear reactor model with sign-changing nonlinearities
Authors: Chen Ruipeng , Liu Jiayin , Zhang Guangchen , Kong Xiangyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence of positive radial solutions of the following resonant elliptic system:$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u=uv+f( \vert x \vert ,u), & 0< R_{1}< \vert x \vert < R_{2}, x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ -\Delta v=cg(u)-dv, & 0< R_{1}< \vert x \vert < R_{2}, x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \textbf{n}}=0= \frac{\partial v}{\partial \textbf{n}},& \vert x \vert =R_{1}, \vert x \vert =R_{2}, \end{cases} $${−Δu=uv+f(|x|,u),0<R1<|x|<R2,x∈RN,−Δv=cg(u)−dv,0<R1<|x|<R2,x∈RN,∂u∂n=0=∂v∂n,|x|=R1,|x|=R2,where$\mathbb{R}^{N}$RN($N\geq 1$N≥1) is the usual Euclidean space,nindicates the outward unit normal vector,$f\in C([R_{1},R_{2}]\times [0,\infty ),\mathbb{R})$f∈C([R1,R2]×[0,∞),R),$g\in C([0,\infty ),[0,\infty ))$g∈C([0,∞),[0,∞)), andcanddare positive constants. By employing the classical fixed point theory we establish several novel existence theorems. Our main findings enrich and complement those available in the literature.
Exponential synchronization and stabilization of delayed feedback hyperchaotic financial system
Authors: Rao Ruofeng , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a real financial market, the delayed market feedback and the delayed effect of government macrocontrol are inevitable, and both bring mathematical difficulties in studying stabilization and synchronization of the hyperchaotic financial system. However, employing the Lyapunov function method, differential mean value theorem, and suitable bounded hypotheses and pulse control technology result in globally asymptotic stabilization and synchronization criteria. It is the first paper driving the stabilization and synchronization criteria under the assumptions of double delays. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Mid-trimester cesarean scar pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Fowler Mary Louise , Little Sarah , Muto Michael , Mahalingaiah Shruthi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This article reports a unique case of cesarean scar pregnancy, demonstrating importance of early management and diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old pregnant woman with prior history of two cesarean sections found to have cesarean scar pregnancy at approximately 13 weeks’ gestation and underwent a gravid hysterectomy.

Conclusions
While rare, cesarean scar pregnancies should be considered on the differential diagnosis of any pregnant patient with history of cesarean section who presents in early pregnancy with vaginal bleeding and/or cramping. Given the increased rates of cesarean sections in the times of COVID-19, one may anticipate seeing more cases of cesarean scar pregnancies.
Prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on cross-database analysis
Authors: Yang Wanli , Zhou Wei , Zhao Xinhui , Wang Xiaoqian , Duan Lili , Li Yiding , Niu Liaoran , Chen Junfeng , Zhang Yujie , Han Yu , Fan Daiming , Hong Liu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant cancer, the survival rate of patients is disappointing. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the driven-genes and prognostic biomarkers in OSCC.

Methods
Four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were integratedly analyzed using bioinformatics approaches, including identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, selection of hub genes, analysis of prognostic information and genetic alterations of hub genes. ONCOMINE, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of hub genes. Tumor immunity was assessed to investigate the functions of hub genes. Finally, Cox regression model was performed to construct a multiple-gene prognostic signature.

Results
Totally 261 genes were found to be dysregulated. 10 genes were considered to be the hub genes. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulated SPP1, FN1, CXCL8, BIRC5, PLAUR, and AURKA were related to poor outcomes in OSCC patients. FOXM1 and TPX2 were considered as the potential immunotherapeutic targets with future clinical significance. Moreover, we constructed a nine-gene signature (TEX101, DSG2, SCG5, ADA, BOC, SCARA5, FST, SOCS1, and STC2), which can be utilized to predict prognosis of OSCC patients effectively.

Conclusion
These findings may provide new clues for exploring the molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy in OSCC. The hub genes and risk gene signature are helpful to the personalized treatment and prognostic judgement.
A review of the diversity and impact of invasive non-native species in tropical marine ecosystems
Authors: Alidoost Salimi Parisa , Creed Joel C. , Esch Melanie M. , Fenner Douglas , Jaafar Zeehan , Levesque Juan C. , Montgomery Anthony D. , Alidoost Salimi Mahsa , Edward J. K. Patterson , Raj K. Diraviya , Sweet Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTropical marine ecosystems are biologically diverse and economically invaluable. However, they are severely threatened from impacts associated with climate change coupled with localized and regional stressors, such as pollution and overfishing. Non-native species (sometimes referred to as ‘alien’ species) are another major threat facing these ecosystems, although rarely discussed and overshadowed by the other stressors mentioned above. NNS can be introduced accidentally (for example via shipping activities) and/or sometimes intentionally (for aquaculture or by hobbyists). Understanding the extent of the impacts NNS have on native flora and fauna often remains challenging, along with ascertaining when the species in question actually became ‘invasive’. Here we review the status of this threat across key tropical marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, algae meadows, mangroves, and seagrass beds. We aim to provide a baseline of where invasive NNS can be found, when they are thought to have been introduced and what impact they are thought to be having on the native ecosystems they now inhabit. In the appended material we provide a comprehensive list of NNS covering key groups such as macroalgae, sponges, seagrasses and mangroves, anthozoans, bryozoans, ascidians, fishes, and crustaceans.
Cannabidiol oxidation product HU-331 is a potential anticancer cannabinoid-quinone: a narrative review
Authors: Trac Judy , Keck J. Myles , Deweese Joseph E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabidiol and related cannabinoids are under exploration for the treatment of a number of disease states. The cannabinoid-quinone HU-331 has been studied as a potential anticancer therapeutic. Previous studies provide evidence that HU-331 displays anticancer activity without some of the known adverse events associated with traditional anticancer agents. In this brief review, we will explore the literature related to the activity of HU-331 in purified systems, cancer cell lines, and animal models. For example, HU-331 displays inhibitory activity against human topoisomerase IIα, a known anticancer drug target. Further, in multiple cell model systems, the IC50 value for HU-331 was less than 10 μM. In addition, mouse model systems demonstrate the ability of HU-331 to shrink tumors without causing cardiotoxicity. In addition, we will briefly review the activity of some key analogs and derivatives of HU-331 for various disease states. Taken together, the published studies support further exploration of HU-331 for the treatment of cancer and possibly other disease states.
Role of transient elastography in the prediction of de novo recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation: single-center Egyptian study
Authors: Abdelkader N. A. , Abdelaleem M. H. , El-maaty M. A. Abo , Sayed S. A. , Aly H. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Radiofrequency is one of the curative treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the progressive improvements in the efficacy of radiofrequency, the survival of patients with HCC who undergo radiofrequency remains disappointing, mainly due to frequent intrahepatic recurrence of HCC after radiofrequency. We aimed to evaluate the role of transient elastography (TE) in the prediction of de novo recurrence of HCC after radiofrequency and to compare between transient elastography and the serological fibrosis indices in the prediction of de novo recurrence of HCC.

Results
Thirty HCC patients underwent baseline transient elastography for preinterventional assessment of the degree of fibrosis. Also noninvasive serum fibrosis indices were calculated from baseline data, including age platelet index (API), cirrhosis discrimination score (CDS), and FIB-4 index. Patients achieving complete response after 1 month post radiofrequency ablation were followed for further 12 months by triphasic abdominal CT scan to detect de novo lesions according to modified RECIST criteria. Baseline means of CDS, FIB4, and API were 6.03 ± 1.5, 3.98 ± 2.58, and 1.24 ± 1.08, respectively. Transient elastography revealed 28 patients with F4 and only 2 patients with F3 (mean liver stiffness 22.45 ± 10.36 Kba). There was a significant negative correlation between liver stiffness (LS) and de novo recurrence of HCC (mean of LS in patients with a complete response was 17.19 ± 3.32 while in those with de novo recurrence was 36.94 ± 5.93, with the best cut off value ≥24.65 (p value < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between CDC, FIB4, API scores, and de novo recurrence of HCC. It was found that the liver stiffness was significantly associated with the prediction of hepatic decompensation (p value <0.001). Also, liver stiffness at the cutoff value > 42.75 (p value = 0.031) was significantly associated with the prediction of 1-year mortality after radiofrequency ablation.

Conclusion
Our data suggested that liver stiffness measurement in hepatocellular carcinoma patients was a useful predictor of de novo recurrence, overall survival, and possibility of hepatic decompensation after radiofrequency ablation.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus in bats
Authors: Geng Rong , Zhou Peng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree major human coronavirus disease outbreaks, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), occurred in the twenty-first century and were caused by different coronaviruses (CoVs). All these viruses are considered to have originated from bats and transmitted to humans through intermediate hosts. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, disease agent of COVID-19, shared around 80% genomic similarity, and thus belong to SARS-related CoVs. As a natural reservoir of viruses, bats harbor numerous other SARS-related CoVs that could potentially infect humans around the world, causing SARS or COVID-19 like outbreaks in the future. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of CoVs on geographical distribution, genetic diversity, cross-species transmission potential and possible pathogenesis in humans, aiming for a better understanding of bat SARS-related CoVs in the context of prevention and control.
The digital divide: amplifying health inequalities for people with severe mental illness in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Spanakis Panagiotis , Peckham Emily , Mathers Alice , Shiers David , Gilbody Simon 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDuring COVID-19, health provision and information resources have been increasingly provided via digital means (e.g. websites, apps) and this will become a standard practice beyond the pandemic. People with severe mental illness face profound health inequalities (e.g. a >20-year mortality gap). Digital exclusion puts this population at risk of heightened or compounded inequalities. This has been referred to as the ‘digital divide’. For any new digital means introduced in clinical practice to augment healthcare service provision, issues of accessibility, acceptability and usability should be addressed by researchers and developers early in the design phase, and prior to full implementation, to prevent digital exclusion.
Association of Genetic Variants for Plasma LRG1 With Rapid Decline in Kidney Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gurung Resham Lal , Dorajoo Rajkumar , M Yiamunaa , Liu Jian-Jun , Pek Sharon Li Ting , Wang Jiexun , Wang Ling , Sim Xueling , Liu Sylvia , Shao Yi-Ming , Ang Keven , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Tang Wern Ee , Sum Chee Fang , Liu Jian-Jun , Lim Su Chi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
Elevated levels of plasma leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), a component of transforming growth factor beta signaling, are associated with development and progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether this relationship is causal is uncertain.

Objectives
To identify genetic variants associated with plasma LRG1 levels and determine whether genetically predicted plasma LRG1 contributes to a rapid decline in kidney function (RDKF) in patients with T2D.

Design and participants
We performed a genome-wide association study of plasma LRG1 among 3694 T2D individuals [1881 (983 Chinese, 420 Malay, and 478 Indian) discovery from Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes cohort and 1813 (Chinese) validation from Diabetic Nephropathy cohort]. One- sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed among 1337 T2D Chinese participants with preserved glomerular filtration function [baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2)]. RDKF was defined as an eGFR decline of 3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year or greater.

Results
We identified rs4806985 variant near LRG1 locus robustly associated with plasma LRG1 levels (meta P = 6.66 × 10−16). Among 1337 participants, 344 (26%) developed RDKF, and the rs4806985 variant was associated with higher odds of RDKF (meta odds ratio = 1.23, P = 0.030 adjusted for age and sex). Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence for a potential causal effect of plasma LRG1 on kidney function decline in T2D (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
We demonstrate that genetically influenced plasma LRG1 increases the risk of RDKF in T2D patients, suggesting plasma LRG1 as a potential treatment target. However, further studies are warranted to elucidate underlying pathways to provide insight into diabetic kidney disease prevention.