bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant single-cell solutions for energy and the environment
Authors: Cole Benjamin , Bergmann Dominique , Blaby-Haas Crysten E. , Blaby Ian K. , Bouchard Kristofer E. , Brady Siobhan M. , Ciobanu Doina , Coleman-Derr Devin , Leiboff Samuel , Mortimer Jenny C. , Nobori Tatsuya , Rhee Seung Y. , Schmutz Jeremy , Simmons Blake A. , Singh Anup K. , Sinha Neelima , Vogel John P. , O’Malley Ronan C. , Visel Axel , Dickel Diane E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProgress in sequencing, microfluidics, and analysis strategies has revolutionized the granularity at which multicellular organisms can be studied. In particular, single-cell transcriptomics has led to fundamental new insights into animal biology, such as the discovery of new cell types and cell type-specific disease processes. However, the application of single-cell approaches to plants, fungi, algae, or bacteria (environmental organisms) has been far more limited, largely due to the challenges posed by polysaccharide walls surrounding these species’ cells. In this perspective, we discuss opportunities afforded by single-cell technologies for energy and environmental science and grand challenges that must be tackled to apply these approaches to plants, fungi and algae. We highlight the need to develop better and more comprehensive single-cell technologies, analysis and visualization tools, and tissue preparation methods. We advocate for the creation of a centralized, open-access database to house plant single-cell data. Finally, we consider how such efforts should balance the need for deep characterization of select model species while still capturing the diversity in the plant kingdom. Investments into the development of methods, their application to relevant species, and the creation of resources to support data dissemination will enable groundbreaking insights to propel energy and environmental science forward.
Spatial and temporal scales of variability for indoor air constituents
Authors: Lakey Pascale S. J. , Won Youngbo , Shaw David , Østerstrøm Freja F. , Mattila James , Reidy Emily , Bottorff Brandon , Rosales Colleen , Wang Chen , Ampollini Laura , Zhou Shan , Novoselac Atila , Kahan Tara F. , DeCarlo Peter F. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Stevens Philip S. , Farmer Delphine K. , Carslaw Nicola , Rim Donghyun , Shiraiwa Manabu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHistorically air constituents have been assumed to be well mixed in indoor environments, with single point measurements and box modeling representing a room or a house. Here we demonstrate that this fundamental assumption needs to be revisited through advanced model simulations and extensive measurements of bleach cleaning. We show that inorganic chlorinated products, such as hypochlorous acid and chloramines generated via multiphase reactions, exhibit spatial and vertical concentration gradients in a room, with short-lived ⋅OH radicals confined to sunlit zones, close to windows. Spatial and temporal scales of indoor constituents are modulated by rates of chemical reactions, surface interactions and building ventilation, providing critical insights for better assessments of human exposure to hazardous pollutants, as well as the transport of indoor chemicals outdoors.
Site-specific interrogation of an ionic chiral fragment during photolysis using an X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Ilchen Markus , Schmidt Philipp , Novikovskiy Nikolay M. , Hartmann Gregor , Rupprecht Patrick , Coffee Ryan N. , Ehresmann Arno , Galler Andreas , Hartmann Nick , Helml Wolfram , Huang Zhirong , Inhester Ludger , Lutman Alberto A. , MacArthur James P. , Maxwell Timothy , Meyer Michael , Music Valerija , Nuhn Heinz-Dieter , Osipov Timur , Ray Dipanwita , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Bari Sadia , Walter Peter , Li Zheng , Moeller Stefan , Knie André , Demekhin Philipp V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShort-wavelength free-electron lasers with their ultrashort pulses at high intensities have originated new approaches for tracking molecular dynamics from the vista of specific sites. X-ray pump X-ray probe schemes even allow to address individual atomic constituents with a ‘trigger’-event that preludes the subsequent molecular dynamics while being able to selectively probe the evolving structure with a time-delayed second X-ray pulse. Here, we use a linearly polarized X-ray photon to trigger the photolysis of a prototypical chiral molecule, namely trifluoromethyloxirane (C3H3F3O), at the fluorine K-edge at around 700 eV. The created fluorine-containing fragments are then probed by a second, circularly polarized X-ray pulse of higher photon energy in order to investigate the chemically shifted inner-shell electrons of the ionic mother-fragment for their stereochemical sensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically support how two-color X-ray pump X-ray probe experiments with polarization control enable XFELs as tools for chiral recognition.
Frequency-resolved radio and high-energy emission of pulsars
Authors: Giraud Q. , Pétri J. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Pulsars are detected as broadband electromagnetic emitters from the radio wavelength up to high and very high energy in the MeV, the GeV and sometimes even in the TeV range. Multiwavelength phase-resolved spectra and light curves offer an unrivaled opportunity to understand their underlying radiation mechanisms and to localize their emission sites and therefore the particle acceleration regions.
Aims. In this paper we compute pulsar multiwavelength phase-resolved light curves and spectra, assuming that both curvature and synchrotron radiation operate from inside the magnetosphere of a rotating vacuum magnet. Radio emission arises from dipolar regions above the polar caps, whereas gamma-ray energy emanates from the slot gaps in the vicinity of the separatrix between closed and open field lines.
Methods. By integrating particle trajectories within the slot gaps, we compute energy-dependent photon sky maps in the radio band (MHz−GHz) and in the gamma-ray band (from MeV to GeV) for mono-energetic distribution functions of leptons.
Results. We obtained many details of the energy-dependent light curves and phase-resolved spectra from the radio wavelength up to the gamma-ray energies. Choosing Lorentz factors of γ ≈ 30 for the secondary plasma responsible for the radio emitting particles and γ ≈ 107 for the primary beam producing gamma-ray-emitting particles limited by radiation reaction, we found realistic spectra that account for the wealth of multiwavelength pulsar observations.
Vascular and Myocardial Function in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Pump Therapy Versus Multiple Daily Injections Insulin Regimen
Authors: D’Amato Gabriele , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Faienza Maria Felicia , Scicchitano Pietro , Lamparelli Raffaella , Zaza Pierlugi , Cecere Annagrazia , Brunetti Giacomina , Cortese Francesca , Valente Federica , Delvecchio Maurizio , Giordano Paola , Zito Anna Paola 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) are two modalities of treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The benefits of CSII on long-term metabolic control and outcomes compared to those of MDI are still debated. We investigated both vascular function and myocardial performance in T1DM adolescents on MDI or CSII treatment.
Methods One hundred twenty-three T1DM subjects (mean age 14.16±2.55 years), 63 on MDI regimen, 60 on CSII, and 57 controls were enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were evaluated. Ultrasound assessments of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), flow-mediated dilatation of brachial artery, anteroposterior diameter of the infrarenal abdominal aorta (APAO), and transthoracic echocardiography were performed.
Results T1DM subjects on the CSII regimen showed better glycemic control than those on MDI, expressed as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). c-IMT and APAO were higher in MDI than CSII patients (0.61±0.11 mm vs. 0.56±0.07 mm, p=0.04; 13.61±3.29 mm vs. 11.65±1.84 mm, p=0.01, respectively). Left and right Tei index and left E/e’ ratio were higher in MDI than CSII subjects (0.82±0.40 vs. 0.52±0.19, p=0.002; 0.86±0.41 vs. 0.64±0.1, p=0.02; 5.89±2.0 vs. 4.73±1.59, p=0.02, respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that glucose level, HbA1c and diabetes onset were significantly related to vascular and echocardiographic parameters in MDI and CSII patients.
Conclusions CSII regimen in T1DM adolescents improves glycemic control and seems to ameliorate endothelial function and global myocardial performance as compared to MDI therapy.
Impact of Clomiphene Citrate on the Steroid Profile in Dysmetabolic Men with Low Testosterone Levels
Authors: Pelusi Carla , Fanelli Flamina , Baccini Margherita , De Pergola Giovanni , Triggiani Vincenzo , Mezzullo Marco , Fazzini Alessia , Di Dalmazi Guido , Petrovic Biljana , Paterini Paola , Labate Antonio Maria Morselli , Pagotto Uberto , Giagulli Vito Angelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClomiphene citrate (CC) in male hypogonadism increases testosterone (T) and estrogen levels by stimulating pituitary gonadotropin release. Our group confirmed these hormonal changes in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind trial of CC versus placebo in addition to metformin, conducted in 21 obese dysmetabolic men with low T levels. However, we hypothesize that based on its mechanism of action, CC may directly or indirectly affect adrenal steroidogenesis. The aim of this sub-study was to better understand the changes in steroid levels and metabolism induced by CC treatment. We assessed 17α-hydroxypregnelone (17αOH-P5), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone (P4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOH-P4), androstenedione (A), T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-deoxycortisol (11 S), cortisol (F), and cortisone (E) by LC-MS/MS, and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) by ELISA, before and after each treatment. In addition, free-F and steroid product/precursor ratios were calculated. We observed a significant change in serum levels induced by CC compared with placebo for 17αOH-P4, DHT, T, E2, E1, F, E, and CBG, but not free-F. In addition, compared to placebo, CC induced higher 17αOH-P4/P4, E2/E1, 17αOH-P4/17αOH-P5, A/17αOH-P4, T/A, E1/A, F/11 S, and F/E ratios. Therefore, besides the CC stimulating effect on testis steroidogenesis, our study showed increased F, E, but not free-F, levels, indicating changes in steroid metabolism rather than adrenal secretion stimulation. The steroid profiling also revealed the CC stimulation of the Δ5 rather than the Δ4 pathway, thus indicating considerable testicular involvement in the increased androgen secretion.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Genetic Susceptibility Behind the
Disease
Authors: Wei Wenwen , He Yuejuan , Wang Xin , Tan Guiqin , Zhou Fangyu , Zheng Guangbing , Tian Dan , Ma Xiaomin , Yu Hongsong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a type of pregnancy-specific glucose
intolerance or hyperglycemia, is one of the most common metabolic disorders in
pregnant women with 16.9% of the global prevalence of gestational
hyperglycemia. Not only are women with GDM likely to develop T2DM, but their
children are also at risk for birth complications or metabolic disease in
adulthood. Therefore, identifying the potential risk factors for GDM is very
important in the prevention and treatment of GDM. Previous studies have shown
that genetic predisposition is an essential component in the occurrence of GDM.
In this narrative review, we describe the role of polymorphisms in different
functional genes associated with increased risk for GDM, and available evidence
on genetic factors in the risk of GDM is summarized and discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Antifungal Nanocomposite AgSiO2 Polymethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Sabouhi Mahmoud , Amini-Pozveh Maryam , Bajoghli Farshad , Dastjerd Hamid reza , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives Polymethyl methacrylate as the most common material used in denture bases has some problems. The aim of this study was to introduce a new nanocomposite of PMMA to improve flexural strength and antifungal properties.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, AgSiO2 nanoparticles were prepared, and their characteristics were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. Then the nanoparticles in the weight ratio of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% were incorporated to heat-cured PMMA and the control group included no nanoparticles.To measure the flexural strength before and after thermocycling three-point bending test was used. Eight samples per group with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm were used. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans (PTCC 5027) was investigated through colony count method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS at significance level of p-value ≤0.05.
Results The mean flexural strength in groups 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7% was significantly higher than the control. After thermocycling flexural strength of the control group was significantly lower than 0.3 and 0.5% groups. As the concentration of nanoparticles increased the antifungal activity improved (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Addition of nanoparticles AgSiO2 improved flexural strength and antifungal characteristics of PMMA.
Peripartum Antibiotics Exposure and the Risk of Autoimmune and Autism Disorders in the Offspring
Authors: Almasri Jehad , Barazi Ahmed , King Katherine S. , Walther-Antonio Marina R. S. , Wang Zhen , Murad Mohammad H. , Murray Joseph A. , Absah Imad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background As the use of antibiotics during the peripartum period increases, the incidence of autoimmune disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is also increasing. In this study, we aim to assess if antibiotic exposure during the peripartum period affects the incidence of autoimmune diseases and ASD in the offspring.
Methods We identified children (< 18 years of age) born in Olmsted County from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2012. Offspring with celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or ASD diagnoses were matched to two controls on birth date, index date, mother’s age at delivery, and sex. Data from the mother’s medical records were retrieved to determine peripartum antibiotics use.
Results A total of 242 cases and 484 matched controls were included in this study. Median age at the last follow-up was 11.3 years (range: 0.5–14.9), 73% were males in both groups. Odds of CD diagnosis was not statistically different between vaginal delivery with antibiotics compared with vaginal delivery with no antibiotics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–1.85), similarly in IBD (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.53–10.98) and ASD (OR = 1.00, 95% CI:0.55–1.79). Preeclampsia or eclampsia was associated with offspring CD (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.05–9.78). Smoking history and diabetes mellitus were associated with offspring ASD (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.22–2.77 and OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03–3.91, respectively).
Conclusion In this cohort, we found no statistically significant association between peripartum antibiotics exposure and the development of CD, IBD, or ASD.
Autoantibody Clustering in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Baisya Ritasman , Devarasetti Phani Kumar , R. Murthy G. S. , Rajasekhar Liza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematous–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH) is one of the important causes of mortality in lupus patients. Different autoantibodies are associated with SLE-PAH which can predict its future development. The objective of the study was to identify distinct autoantibody-based clusters in SLE-PAH patients and to compare demographic characters, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic strategy across the clusters. Three distinct autoantibody clusters were identified using k-means cluster analysis in 71 SLE-PAH patients. Cluster1 had predominant Sm-RNP, Smith, SS-A association; cluster 2 had no definite autoantibody association; and cluster 3 was associated with nucleosome, histone, dsDNA, and ribosomal P protein. Patients in cluster 3 had a highly active disease while those in cluster 1 had significant cytopenia. Mean age and mean right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were both high in cluster 2, indicating later-onset PAH in this group. This was the first autoantibody-based cluster analysis study in SLE-PAH patients in India which confirmed that autoantibodies did exist as clusters and the presence of definite autoantibodies can predict future development of pulmonary hypertension in these patients.
Usefulness of WBC Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio in Predicting Short-Term (30 Days) Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome and its Comparison in Males and Females
Authors: Madaka Sheshidhar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: Among cardiovascular illnesses, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events are associated with higher mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of inflammation involved in the ACS includes atherosclerotic plaque development, followed by development of plaque rupture and thrombosis. The present study is to determine whether white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio (WMR) can predict short-term (30 days) major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ACS patients, and also compare WMR and MACE in males and females.

Aim: To detect usefulness of white blood cell (WBC) count to WMR in predicting short term (30 days) MACE in patients presenting with ACS and compare values and MACE events in males and females.

Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital from September 2020 to December 2020. A total of 60 patients, who presented with ACS and were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), fulfilled the selection criterion; hence, a total of 60 patients were selected for the study after taking informed consent. The clearance from the Institutional Ethical committee (IEC) was obtained prior to the initiation of the study. All the necessary investigations were done in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results of the study were systematically selected and analysis done statistically. The study included all patients with clinical suspicion of ACS for more than 18 years and excluded non-ACS patients, patients with malignancy history, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, infections, and those who are immunosuppressed.

Results: In the present study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed cutoff value of WMR as 1059 with area under curve (AUC) of 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9). MACE occurred in 12 patients and mortality occurred in 6 patients. Among MACE, recurrent myocardial infarction (REMI) occurred in 7 (35%) cases, arrhythmias occurred in 5 (25%), and cardiogenic shock occurred in 8 (40%) cases.
WMR with a cutoff value of 1059 was significant and highly accurate in predicting MACE, with sensitivity of 91.6%, specificity of 87.5%, PPV of 64.7%, NPV of 97.6%, and diagnostic accuracy of 88.3%. Compared to males, females have less sensitivity to, high specificity to, and high diagnostic accuracy of WMR ratio in predicting MACE. MACE did not show any gender predilection.

Conclusion: In patients, who presented with ACS, high WMR values were associated with worse short-term outcomes and independently predicted short-term MACE. Compared to males, females have less sensitivity to, high specificity to, and high diagnostic accuracy of WMR ratio in predicting MACE.
Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory
Authors: Song Hayoung , Finn Emily S. , Rosenberg Monica D. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The degree to which we are engaged in narratives fluctuates over time. What drives these changes in engagement, and how do they affect what we remember? Behavioral studies showed that people experienced similar fluctuations in engagement during a television show or an audio-narrated story and were more engaged during emotional moments. Functional MRI experiments revealed that changes in a pattern of functional brain connectivity predicted changes in narrative engagement. This predictive brain network not only was related to a validated neuromarker of sustained attention but also predicted what narrative events people recalled after the MRI scan. Overall, this study empirically characterizes engagement as emotion-laden attention and reveals system-level dynamics underlying real-world attention and memory.
Prediction in second language processing and learning
Authors: Kaan Edith , Grüter Theres 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is ample evidence that language users, including second language (L2) speakers, can predict upcoming information during listening and reading. Yet it is still unclear when, how, and why language users engage in prediction, and what the relation is between prediction and learning. This volume presents a collection of current research, insights and directions regarding the role of prediction in L2 processing and learning. In this introductory chapter, we provide an overview of the current state of the field and highlight that prediction may not always be the most efficient processing mechanism, depending on a language user’s linguistic experience, task demands, goals and resources. We propose that a focus on the utility of prediction may help us better understand differences in predictive processing within and between individuals and groups.
Second language prediction ability across different linguistic domains
Authors: Schlenter Judith , Felser Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous research suggests that second language (L2) speakers can reliably use lexical-semantic cues for predictive processing but have difficulty using morphosyntactic ones. Here we report the results from a visual-world eye-tracking study that tested first language (L1) Russian/L2 German speakers in two parallel experiments, asking whether morphosyntactic prediction is indeed more limited in an L2 compared to semantic prediction. In Experiment 1 both the L2 speakers and L1 German-speaking controls showed evidence of using selectional restriction information to anticipate an upcoming direct object. Unlike what was reported previously, in Experiment 2 the same group of L2 speakers also showed evidence of using morphological case information predictively. However, between-group differences suggested that L2 speakers had more difficulty integrating competing cues during processing than L1 speakers.
Magnum oculum et parvum os
Authors: Mandingorra Llavata Maria Luz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship established between women and silence during the Late Middle Ages. Silence itself was valued as a virtue for all the faithful; however it was demanded of every woman as the necessary condition to show honesty and devotion. Moreover, loquacity was considered a natural attribute of women, who, according to moralists, used the word in many negative ways, especially to criticize other women or to convince men to behave wrongly. As a result, the imposition of silence and therefore the restriction of the word – spoken or written – became tools aimed to exercise control over women and to perpetuate the prevailing models of imbalance and inequality between men and women at a time precisely in which female voices were gaining greater authority within some intellectual circles. To this end, we analysed the sermons of one of the most remarkable preachers at the time, saint Vicent Ferrer, since preaching was an effective way of propagation of role models. In addition to this, we studied images such as paintings or book illuminations, which contributed also to spread the ideal of the silent woman, following the example of the Virgin Mary, who barely spoke in the New Testament. Nevertheless, the Holy Mother and other female saints were often represented reading the Bible, which encouraged some women to read and possess Books of Hours or other Prayer Books.