bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Advanced Stage of Various Types of Thyroid Tumors at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Laghari Ahsan Ali , Khaskheli Ghulam Akbar , Bhurt Amjad Ali , Bhurt Amjad Ali , Bhurt Amjad Ali , Baloch Tufail Ahmed , Pathan Rafique Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the complications associated various types of tumors of advanced stage of thyroid disease at tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Descriptive study.
Place and Duration: Two years study from April 2018 to March 2020 was conducted in Liaquat University of Medical and health sciences Jamshoro.
Patients and Methods: All patients were admitted from Outpatient department (OPD) with advance stage of tumor of thyroid and either of gender were included. The patients were evaluated fully after history and clinical examinations berries sign and specific investigations of thyroid profile (T3,T4,TSH), ultrasound of thyroid, fine-needle aspiration cytology FNAC, image guided biopsy, frozen section biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis, indirect laryngoscopy, x - Ray neck and MRI. All the patients were assessed for pre-operative evaluation (complications) with advanced stage of thyroid tumors. All the data regarding developed complications was recorded via study proforma. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20.
Results: Most of the patients were found with age groups of 20 to 34 years and 35 to 55 years. Out of all, 25 patients were diagnosed papillary carcinoma, 12 patients were diagnosed as follicular carcinoma, 7 patients had Anaplastic carcinoma, 4 patients were diagnosed lymphoma and 2 patients were diagnosed as medullary carcinoma. As per complications of advanced disease 23 patients had thyroid swelling with cervical lymphadenopathy and pain, 13 patients had thyroid swelling with change of voice, 7 patients had thyroid swelling with dyspnea and dysphagia, 5 patients were presented with thyroid swelling with bony pain, weight loss and pathological fractures, 2 patients were presented with thyroid swelling with diarrhea.
Conclusion: Various complications such as swelling, pain, hemorrhage, cervical lymphadenopathy, change in voice, weight loos, pathological fracture, dyspnea and dysphagia were frequently seen in patients presented with advanced stage of thyroid disease.
Development of a Validated Stability Indicating Rp-Hplc Method for the Estimation of Pirfenidone in Bulk Drug and Tablet Dosage form
Authors: Vanitha C. , Singirikonda Sravani 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The present work focused on developing a validated stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of pirfenidone in bulk drug and tablet dosage form.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on symmetry C18 (150 mm x 4.6, 5 micron) with a 1 ml/min flow rate at 315nm. The mobile phase employed was orthophosphoric acid buffer: acetonitrile (65:35). Column temperature was maintained at 30ºC. Pirfenidone was subjected to different forced degradation conditions according to ICH guidelines, including acid, base and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation.
Results: In alkali, acidic, oxidation and UV degradation conditions the drug shows considerable degradation. Pirfenidone was stable under neutral hydrolysis and thermal degradation. Pirfenidone was stable under extreme degradation conditions showing less than 8% of degradation in all degradation conditions. This result showed that pirfenidone was stable under stress degradation. Then the optimized method was validated for the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as per ICH guidelines.
Evaluation of Changes Induced in the Probiotic Escherichia coli M17 Following Recurrent Exposure to Antimicrobials
Authors: Mbarga M. J. A. , Podoprigora I. V. , Volina E. G. , Ermolaev A. V. , Smolyakova L. A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: It is already well known that the exposure of certain bacteria, pathogenic or not, to antimicrobials is likely to increase their virulence and induce the development of direct or cross resistance to antimicrobials, but there is almost no information available regarding probiotics.
Aim: To assess the changes induced in susceptibility to antibiotics, biofilm formation, growth rate and relative pathogenicity in the probiotic Escherichia coli M17 (EC-M17) after long exposure to antimicrobials namely ampicillin, kanamycin, cefazolin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Methods: After determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the 4 antimicrobials above-mentioned by the microdilution method, EC-M17 was exposed to increasing subinhibitory doses ranging from MIC/8 to MIC for 8 days. The susceptibility to antibiotics of the mutants obtained was assessed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, biofilm formation by the Congo red agar method and with crystal violet bacterial attachment assay, and relative pathogenicity was assessed using a Galleria melonella waxworm model.
Results: Exposure to antimicrobials induces noticeable changes in EC-M17. The highest adaptation to antimicrobials was observed on AgNPs with 8-fold increase in MIC and 16-fold increase in MBC of AgNPs. EC-M17 exposed to ampicillin, kanamycin and silver nanoparticles became resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/clavulanate and tetracycline while exposure to cefazolin induced a significant decrease in sensitivity to tetracycline and ampicillin and resistance to ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime. The strain exposed to ampicillin was the only one to produce more biofilm than the control strain and except the EC-M17 exposed to cefazolin, all other EC-M17 strains were more pathogenic on G. melonella model than the control.
Conclusion: Data in this investigation suggest that repeated exposure of the probiotic EC-M17 to antimicrobials may induce changes in antimicrobials susceptibility, biofilm formation, growth rate, and relative pathogenicity. Therefore, as far as possible, the probiotic E. coli M17 should not be used in combination with antibiotics and further investigations are required to expand similar work on more probiotics in order to avoid resistance build-up which might be transmitted by horizontal transfer.
Development of Validated Stability-indicating High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Estimation of Rabeprazole Sodium and Aceclofenac in Bulk Drug
Authors: Shewale Sunil , Undale Vaishali , Shelar Maruti , Bhalchim Vrushali , Deshmukh Atul 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To develop a validated stability-indicating high performance thin layer chromatography method for the estimation of Rabeprazole Sodium (RZL) and Aceclofenac (ACF) in bulk drugs.
Methods: A high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the separation of RZL & ACF on plates precoated with aluminium back silica gel 60 F254. Different mobile phases were used on trial and error basis for separation of two drugs. The final mobile phase selected for analysis was toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: acetic acid: ammonia in the ration of 6:4:1:0.2:0.1 (v/v). Both the drugs showed maximum absorbance at 279 nm which was selected as the detection wavelength throughout the experimental work. Developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Forced degradation of drugs was carried out under various stress conditions and HPTLC method was used for analysing the stability of drugs.
Results: HPTLC method was successfully developed for separation of RZL and ACF with clear separation of bands of the drugs. Method validation after assessment of various parameters indicated low % RSD within an acceptable limit of < 2.0 and the stability studies indicated the satisfactory separation of both the drugs from that of degraded products with considerable % recovery profile.
Conclusion: The developed method is rapid, reliable, precise, and reproducible and demonstrates the suitability of the method for stability determination of rabeprazole and aceclofenac.
Acceptance and Behavior of Social Media Use: Causality Analysis of Media Needs, Media Choice and Intervening Characteristics of Social Media Innovations
Authors: Raharjo J. S. Dwi , Kholil . , Sunuantari Manik 
Published: May 2021

Social media as one of the implementations of CMC has been widely used by more than half of the world's population in various forms of fulfilling needs and choices in interaction and communication, which is a phenomenon that we can see today. This research aims to see to what extent these needs and choices influence the acceptance and use of social media directly or indirectly through the characteristics of the innovation possessed by these social media.
The research method used is a quantitative approach through a survey of the population of the reseacrh, namely students of the communication science study program of PTS in DKI Jakarta, represented by 378 respondents who have been validated. Data analysis using SEM modeling which is divided into measurement and structural models.
The results of the research indicate that social media needs and choices have a significant effect on social media acceptance, social media needs and the choices have a significant effect on social media use behavior, then also the social media needs and choices through the characteristics of innovation have a significant effect on social media acceptance and needs. The choice of social media through the characteristics of innovation has a significant effect on the behavior of using social media. This research also shows that the need factors include personal needs, social needs and the need for tension relief and choice factors, namely media richness and critical mass of social media have an influence in accepting and using social media by students.
Sex: Advantage
Authors: Paczesniak Dorota , Neiman Maurine , Jokela Jukka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

One of the important unanswered questions in evolutionary biology is why sexual reproduction is so common. In theory, sex is so costly that individuals that reproduce sexually should be at a major disadvantage relative to asexually reproducing competitors. This leads to the expectation that sex should lose in competition with asexual reproduction and thus be rare in nature, which is in striking contrast to its widespread occurrence. This profound disconnect between theory and reality has motivated decades of research into potential advantages of sexual reproduction. While much progress has come from these efforts, why sex predominates is still unclear. It is likely that part of the answer is linked to an advantage of sex under pressure from coevolving parasites. Other important processes may be increased rate of adaptation, more efficient clearance of deleterious mutations and other costs associated with asexuality that are not direct consequences of the lack of recombination.

Key Concepts

The fundamental difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that sex produces offspring that due to recombination differ from their siblings and their parents by having both unique and different combinations of alleles in their genome.

In theory, sex should be rare because it breaks up allele combinations that have proven to work well together and because sexual females waste resources on production of sons that do not directly contribute to population growth.

The predominance of sex in nature indicates that production of genetically distinct offspring must also generate profound benefits.

Comparing the geographic distribution of sexual and asexual populations can provide insights into the advantages and disadvantages of sex.

The most direct and powerful way to study sex is to compare coexisting sexual and asexual females that are phylogenetically close relatives and ecologically very similar apart from their reproductive mode.

Benefits of sex likely include increased rate of adaptation, clearance of harmful mutations and potential advantages of genetic diversity with respect to the evasion of biological enemies.

The transition to asexuality may lower the fitness of asexual phenotypes and thus the cost of sex, in which case the maintenance of sex is easier to explain.
N‐Doped Carbon Modifying MoSSe Nanosheets on Hollow Cubic Carbon for High‐Performance Anodes of Sodium‐Based Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Beibei , Liu Yangjie , Hu Xiang , Zhong Guobao , Li Junwei , Yuan Jun , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSodium‐based dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs) have been envisaged as one of the promising rechargeable energy storage devices by virtue of the low cost and considerably high energy density. But the exploration of high‐performance anode materials yet remain a grand challenge. Herein, an elaborate design is reported to fabricate nanohybrids of N‐doped carbon film modifying MoSSe nanosheets supported on hollow cubic N‐doped carbon (MoSSeNSs@NC/hC‐NC), which features abundant anionic defects, few‐layered MoSSe with expanded interlayer spacing, good conductivity, and hollow structure. These favorable properties and structure are greatly conducive for Na+ storage, as evidenced by displaying desirable electrochemical properties of high capacity, good rate capability, and excellent stability. The impressive capability for Na+ storage in the MoSSeNSs@NC/hC‐NC motivates to set up a full SDIBs device by coupling with EG cathode, which show a discharge capacity of 185 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1 with the capacity retention of almost 100% over 2000 cycles.
Deployable Structures Based on Buckling of Curved Beams Upon a Rotational Input
Authors: Mhatre Saurabh , Boatti Elisa , Melancon David , Zareei Ahmad , Dupont Maxime , Bechthold Martin , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInspired by the recent success of buckling‐induced reconfigurable structures, a new class of deployable systems that harness buckling of curved beams upon a rotational input is proposed. First, experimental and numerical methods are combined to investigate the influence of the beam's geometric parameters on its non‐linear response. Then, it is shown that a wide range of deployable architectures can be realized by combining curved beams. Finally, the proposed principles are used to build deployable furniture such as tables and lamp shades that are flat/compact for transportation and storage, require simple or no assembly, and can be expanded by applying a simple rotational input.
An Advanced Tunable Multimodal Luminescent La4GeO8: Eu2+, Er3+ Phosphor for Multicolor Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Pei Pengxiang , Wei Ruiping , Wang Binbin , Su Junxia , Zhang Zhichao , Liu Weisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of advanced luminescent materials is of great importance to the anticounterfeiting application and still confronts with lots of challenges. At present, most anticounterfeiting luminescent materials are based on a monotonous photoluminescence model, which is easily faked by substitutes. Therefore, in this work, a multimodal La4GeO8: Eu2+, Er3+ material is reported, which can emit red, purple, baby blue, and green light under the increased excitation wavelength from 250 to 380 nm. Meanwhile, the phosphor also shows green upconversion luminescence under the NIR (980 and 808 nm) laser irradiation. Moreover, the phosphor features excellent stability and humidity resistance against harsh conditions. Based on the integrated feature, a functional anticounterfeiting application is designed. Results demonstrate that the multimodal luminescent feature can be easily detected by using a portable ultraviolet lamp or NIR (808 or 980 nm) laser. The unique characteristic will be complicated to counterfeit and show high‐level security in the field of advanced anticounterfeiting.
Evolving Highly Active Oxidic Iron(III) Phase from Corrosion of Intermetallic Iron Silicide to Master Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation and Selective Oxygenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Hausmann J. Niklas , Beltrán‐Suito Rodrigo , Mebs Stefan , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas F. , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn a green energy economy, electrocatalysis is essential for chemical energy conversion and to produce value added chemicals from regenerative resources. To be widely applicable, an electrocatalyst should comprise the Earth's crust's most abundant elements. The most abundant 3d metal, iron, with its multiple accessible redox states has been manifold applied in chemocatalytic processes. However, due to the low conductivity of FeIIIOxHy phases, its applicability for targeted electrocatalytic oxidation reactions such as water oxidation is still limited. Herein, it is shown that iron incorporated in conductive intermetallic iron silicide (FeSi) can be employed to meet this challenge. In contrast to silicon‐poor iron–silicon alloys, intermetallic FeSi possesses an ordered structure with a peculiar bonding situation including covalent and ionic contributions together with conducting electrons. Using in situ X‐ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy, it could be demonstrated that, under the applied corrosive alkaline conditions, the FeSi partly forms a unique, oxidic iron(III) phase consisting of edge and corner sharing [FeO6] octahedra together with oxidized silicon species. This phase is capable of driving the oxyge evolution reaction (OER) at high efficiency under ambient and industrially relevant conditions (500 mA cm−2 at 1.50 ± 0.025 VRHE and 65 °C) and to selectively oxygenate 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).
Wirelessly Actuated Thermo‐ and Magneto‐Responsive Soft Bimorph Materials with Programmable Shape‐Morphing
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Guo Yubing , Hu Wenqi , Sitti Metin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoft materials that respond to wireless external stimuli are referred to as “smart” materials due to their promising potential in real‐world actuation and sensing applications in robotics, microfluidics, and bioengineering. Recent years have witnessed a burst of these stimuli‐responsive materials and their preliminary applications. However, their further advancement demands more versatility, configurability, and adaptability to deliver their promised benefits. Here, a dual‐stimuli‐responsive soft bimorph material with three configurations that enable complex programmable 3D shape‐morphing is presented. The material consists of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and magnetic‐responsive elastomers (MREs) via facile fabrication that orthogonally integrates their respective stimuli‐responsiveness without detrimentally altering their properties. The material offers an unprecedented wide design space and abundant degree‐of‐freedoms (DoFs) due to the LCE's programmable director field, the MRE's programmable magnetization profile, and diverse geometric configurations. It responds to wireless stimuli of the controlled magnetic field and environmental temperature. Its dual‐responsiveness allows the independent control of different DoFs for complex shape‐morphing behaviors with anisotropic material properties. A diverse set of in situ reconfigurable shape‐morphing and an environment‐aware untethered miniature 12‐legged robot capable of locomotion and self‐gripping are demonstrated. Such material can provide solutions for the development of future soft robotic and other functional devices.
Unambiguous Determination of Electrostatically Driven Molecular Packing in a Triphenylene–Surfactant Complex Monolayer
Authors: Mallik Samapika , Erimban Shakkira , Kaleeswaran Swamynathan , Kumar Sandeep , Daschakraborty Snehasis , Nayak Alpana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmergence of ordered structures during molecular self‐assembly at interfaces is influenced by a variety of thermodynamic and kinetic factors that are not well understood. Experiments alone can only inform about the final architecture keeping self‐assembly pathways inaccessible. Here with the help of molecular dynamic simulations, the intricate details of the self‐assembly processes and resultant ordered structures of a triphenylene–surfactant complex monolayer at air–water interface are reported. The monolayer is observed to be stable and reversible using surface manometry and real‐time Brewster angle microscopy. Not only that the simulated isotherm and 2D density profiles are in good agreement with experimental observations, the simulation results bespeak the crucial role of specific electrostatic interactions forming the nanostructures at the interface analyzed via orientational structural profiles, radial distribution, and Z‐density profiles. Moreover, real‐space visualization using atomic force microscopy suggests that the molecular packing is preserved in the monolayer even after transferring onto a silicon substrate. Since the rational designing of organic electronics requires nanoscale control of molecular structures on solid substrates, it is anticipated that these results will be of fundamental importance.
Binder‐Free Electrodes with High Energy Density and Excellent Flexibility Enabled by Hierarchical Configuration for Wearable Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shaoqing , Zhou Weiya , Xia Xiaogang , Lu Zhao , Chen Penghui , Wang Zibo , Xiao Zhuojian , Xi Wei , Wang Yanchun , Rao Guanghui , Xie Sishen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is strong demand for higher energy density and flexible lithium ion batteries recently. Unfortunately, electrodes built by conventional methods cannot meet these requirements simultaneously due to the large amount of inactive additives needed for sufficient flexibility. Herein, by utilizing a continuous single‐walled carbon nanotube reticulation and designing an all‐in‐one hierarchical configuration, binder‐free electrodes are fabricated via an in situ integration procedure. The electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance against up to 20 000 cycles of bending and high energy density (up to 493 Wh kg−1electrode and 820 Wh L−1electrode). The hierarchical configuration takes full diverse advantages of different carbon nanostructures. The as‐obtained novel binder‐free electrodes exhibit not only good cyclability (up to ≈90% capacity retentions after 1500 cycles) with only 4 wt% additive materials, but also show enhanced kinetic process, in comparison to those of traditional electrodes. Furthermore, based on the as‐designed electrodes, flexible cells are assembled and a practical wearable system is fabricated, manifesting that they can be used in a stable and flexible power supply for smart systems.
Anticounterfeiting Labels with Smartphone‐Readable Dynamic Luminescent Patterns Based on Tailored Persistent Lifetimes in Gd2O2S:Eu3+/Ti4+
Authors: Katumo Ngei , Ruiz‐Preciado Luis Arturo , Kumar Vinay , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDynamic luminescent labels, in which a luminescent image changes with time after ultraviolet excitation is turned off, are attractive for anticounterfeiting. A sequence of Gd2O2S:Eu3+/Ti4+ phosphors is presented in which the Ti4+ doping concentration allows the persistent emission lifetime to be varied from 1.17 ± 0.02 to 5.95 ± 0.07 s. While this persistent lifetime is tuned, the photoluminescence quantum yield remains over 46% ± 3%. A broad charge‐transfer band allows these phosphors to be excited with inexpensive and relatively safe 375 nm light‐emitting diodes. By developing patterns with phosphors that have differing persistent lifetimes, dynamic changes in the luminescent image after the excitation source is removed can be observed. For patterns made from phosphor materials that have big differences in persistent lifetimes, these dynamic changes are observable by the eye. By contrast, the dynamic changes in patterns made by phosphors with comparable persistent lifetimes (0.20 s delayed lifetime difference) are difficult to observe by the naked eye but can be easily determined by analysis of a 30‐frames‐per‐second video taken with a smartphone. Thus, these bright phosphors with tunable persistent lifetime allow both overt (observable by eye) and covert (requiring smartphone video analysis) dynamic anticounterfeiting labels to be created.