bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal effects of modified creatinine index on all-cause mortality in individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment
Authors: Uludag Koray , Arikan Tamer 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
The modified creatinine index (mCI), as a surrogate marker of muscle mass, has been associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, a single assessment may not reflect the clinical significance before an adverse clinical endpoint.

OBJECTIVE:
Analyze mCI trajectories and their association with all-cause mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational cohort.

SETTING:
Outpatient dialysis facility.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We followed a cohort of patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis treatment at least three times weekly for at least three months from 19 June 2010 to 29 December 2017. Clinical and laboratory features were measured at baseline. Longitudinal changes in the mCI were modeled using a joint longitudinal and survival model adjusted for baseline covariates and body mass index trajectories.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
All-cause mortality.

SAMPLE SIZE:
408 with 208 males (50.7%).

RESULTS:

The mean (SD) age was 62.2 (12.3) years. The mCI changes were evaluated for a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 2.16 (1.13, 3.73) years. Forty-six percent (n=188) of patients reached the endpoint. A steeper slope (per 0.1 unit increase in the decrease rate) in modified creatinine index was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07;
P
=.011). In addition, an annual 1 mg/kg/day decrease in modified creatinine index level increased the hazard of all-cause mortality by 4% (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07;
P
=.001).

LIMITATIONS:
Residual kidney function was not observed in the data. Setting was single center and thus results may not be generalizable to other populations.

CONCLUSION:
All-cause death was significantly associated with loss of muscle mass over time. Longitudinal trajectories of nutritional markers may predict the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This may also be valuable for individual risk stratification. Furthermore, early management may provide an opportunity to improve patient survival.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
BRINQUEDOS PEDAGÓGICOS - RECICLAGEM
Authors: Rezende Eleuza de Souza Borba , Silvério Jaqueline dos Santos 
Published: December 2021

Existe uma grande importância na educação infantil. Mas para que isso aconteça, muito tempo tem sido gasto nessa educação que não é necessária e a criança é tratada como outro ser da sociedade. Hoje, lhe é dado o devido valor, com direitos constitucionais, e da maneira que almejamos um mundo melhor nele, ensina-o a não cometer os erros do passado. Graças ao Brincar, podemos orientar sobre a importância da preservação do meio ambiente, conscientizando e nos divertindo.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN FASILITAS SOSIAL TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN KEBUN DI AFDELING 1 ESTATE TSB 1 PT. TRITUNGGAL SENTRA BUANA
Authors: Putri Andina Tantya , Obeth Ernita , Rahman Mujibu 
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by factors that affect employee satisfaction at work such as compensation provided by the company, the work environment created around the company and social facilities available in the company. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation, work environment and social facilities on employee job satisfaction.
This study obtained data through filling out questionnaires and interviews with 27 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, are T test to determine the effect of compensation, work environment, and social facilities partially on job satisfaction, F test to determine the effect of compensation, work environment, and social facilities simultaneously on job satisfaction, and R2 test to determine the contribution off all independent variables (compensation, work environment, and social facilities) to the dependent variable (job satisfaction).
The results of this study indicate that only compensation and work environment have a significant effect on job satisfaction. The compensation value (t-count 2.67 > t-table 2.07) with a significance value of 0.013 < 0.05 and the value of work environment (t-count 3.52 > t –table 2.07) with a significance value of 0.001 < 0,05. The result of the F test indicate that compensation, work environment, and social facilities have a significant effect on job satisfaction (F-count 11.36 > F-table 3.03) with a significance value of F 0.00009 < 0.05. For the contribution or contribution of compensation, work environment and social facilities to job satisfaction, it shows a strong correlation with a percentage of 0.597 or 59.7%.
A Letter from the Editorial Board
Authors: Kolba Natalie , Moneer Osman 
Published: December 2021

Dear readers,
After a year of developments, we are proud to present the Spring 2017 Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal. The current edition of the journal features topics from all over the natural sciences. This year, our main focus regarding the Journal was to extend the reach of the journal to universities all over the world. As the CUSJ’s mission is to encourage students to involve themselves in scientific discovery, we saw no need to restrict our scope to only Columbia University. We received submissions from diverse areas such as biochemistry, astrophysics, and electrical engineering.

Our team also published the second issue of the Columbia Junior Science Journal, a journal meant to introduce high school researchers to the world of research publication. After making changes to the previous Columbia Research Scholars Journal to better reflect the mission of the journal, we were proud to publish many of the incredible submissions sent in from high schoolers from around the United States, and invite several of them to our annual Spring Symposium.
In addition to producing the two research journals for high school and college students, the CUSJ also seeks to foster the undergraduate research community at Columbia University. This year, we worked hard to further this goal by hosting several events on campus. In the Fall, the CUSJ hosted an event to assist undergraduate students in the process of soliciting a research position. In the Spring, the CUSJ hosted Dr. George Yancopoulos, founder of Regeneron and chief scientific officer, and held the annual symposium.
This year’s the CUSJ Spring Research Symposium involved a welcome address from Dr. Gasperov, the undergraduate science research adviser at Columbia University, as well as a poster session where students presented on their research. The Awards of Excellence this year went to Nicholas Page from Rutgers University and Sarah Lundell from Fordham University.
This Spring, the CUSJ also established the CUSJ Colloquium, a bi-weekly undergraduate speaker series where students from an array of scientific disciplines presented their research in a comfortable peer setting. Students discussed topics in research subjects including two-dimensional materials, exoplanets, biofilms, viral binding, ophthalmology, and photosynthetic origins of life.
Our publications, the CUSJ and CJSJ, and the events we hosted this year could not have happened without the hard work of our editorial team and the assistance of our faculty board and advisors.
Natalie Kolba, Editor-in-Chief Osman Moneer, President
The Analysis of Groundwater Quality and the Impact of Remedial Measures Adopted by the Wheat Growers: Using Endogenous Switching Regression Model Approach
Authors: Alam Mahreen , Ashfaq Muhammad , Hassan Sarfraz , Ali Asghar 
Published: December 2021

Groundwater pollution is a serious problem, posing severe problems on many economic activities. The study's main objectives were to access the groundwater quality in the study area and analyze the role of farmers in improving the groundwater quality. Total 108 groundwater samples were collected from different locations along the 11-L distributary located in District Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan. Samples were tested to analyze the quality of groundwater for agriculture and livestock. The parameters included pH, Ec, and TDS, were tested. Results showed that 14 samples were found to be fit, 23 were marginally fit and 71 were declared unfit for agricultural consumption. The results of CCME water quality index were also in favour of lab reports. Most wheat-growing farmers were using gypsum as a remedial measure to minimize the side effects of poor groundwater quality. Few farmers were using farmyard manure to improve groundwater quality. There are many factors that influence the adoption of remedial measures to compensate for the poor groundwater. Farmers were facing a few limitations that compelled them to avoid incurring any further costs in order to improve groundwater quality. The financial constraint was the main issue. The endogenous switching regression model was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that family workers, experience, education, and soil quality positively impact remedial measures adoption. The study recommended that proper groundwater quality monitoring is required on a regular basis. Farmers should be educated regarding the proper use of gypsum. The sewerage system was absent in many villages of the study area. To avoid the further leaching of hazardous materials into groundwater, it is critical to construct an effective waste management system.
The Effect of Psychodrama on Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: ŞENER Özlem 
Published: December 2021

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome that often coexists with common musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, bowel syndrome, mood disorders, and fatigue. Although the aetiology of FMS pain has not been elucidated yet, psychotherapy methods are used in addition to physical methods to treat these pains. This study aims to examine the effect of psychodrama on a 62-year-old patient with back and chest pain and who lived alone. This patient participated in psychodrama group psychotherapy with 8 members who were all female and diagnosed with FMS. An informed consent form was obtained from the case for the study. This research is important because there are very few studies on fibromyalgia complaints with psychodrama group therapy, and it contributes to the literature. Studying the case with past trauma and losses in the psychodrama scene has led to a significant reduction in fibromyalgia complaints. As a result, the patient's pain level decreased from 90% to 32.5%, and the anxiety level decreased from advanced to normal. Thus, psychodrama group psychotherapy was found to be effective in reducing FMS pain.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PADA REMAJA TENTANG BODY SHAMING DI SMAN 1 MARTAPURA
Authors: Lestari Devi Hairina , Fitri Jannatul 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Body shaming atau penghinaan tubuh orang lain tanpa dimengerti sering dilakukan oleh orang pada umumnya. Tujuan umum dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja tentang body shaming di SMAN 1 Martapura. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, yaitu gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja dengan body sahaming di SMAN 1 Martapura. Teknik sampling penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Dari hasil proses tabulasi silang sesuai tabel 4.6 didapatkan data kebanyakan dari responden memiliki pengetahuan cukup dengan berperilaku positif sebanyak 18 (24%) responden dan pengetahuan cukup dengan berperilaku negatif sebanyak 17 (22,6%) responden.
استنباطِ احکام میں فقہائےاحناف اوراہل ظواہرکامنہج اور عصری معنویت
Authors: Dr. Abdul Ghaffar  , Muhammad Asif  
Published: December 2021

Islamic Sharīʿa gives importance to intellect as well as imitation. For better comprehension of imitation, it is necessary to have perception. Intellect is helpful for imitation to interpret comprehensively. There is no dissension in imitation but for Intellect having a difference in way of thinking and intelligence quotient, there might be dissension. In Islamic Jurisprudence, there are five schools of Fiqh (Ḥanafī, Mālḳī, Shafi՚ī, Ḥanblī, and Ẓāhirī). Each one has its principles of interpretation. There is a dire need for comparison among these schools of Fiqh. In this article, it has been tried to compare the principles of interpretation between the Hanafi and Zaheri schools of Fiqh. Islamic law regulates the practical affairs of life such as virtual laws, family matters, financial matters, banking laws, judicial proceeding affairs, inheritance, and criminal laws. In this article, an introduction of both jurisprudential scholars, Imam AbŪ Ḥanīfa and Imam AbŪ Dawud Ẓāhirī including their famous students who have a great contribution, has been discussed. A valuable discussion has also been done on their principles of interpretation. These two schools of Fiqh have two different origins and places, but both follow Qu՚rān, Sunnah/Ḥadith, and Ijmā՚ as the primary sources of interpretation while other sources such as Qiyās, Istiḥsan, Shara՚ mā Qabl, Urf are quite different. Ẓāhirī scholars do not accept Qiyās and Istiḥsan as a source of interpretation, but they accept Dalīl and Istashab as a primary source of interpretation.
عصری مسائل کے حل میں سد الذرائع و فتح الذرائع کی ضرورت و اہمیت:ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Fakhru Din  , Sheraz Ahmad  
Published: December 2021

It is the perfection of the Islamic law that the rules and regulations based on its basic principles will continue to fulfill the duty of guiding human society in the changing world and bringing it to perfection. The texts and doctrines on which Islamic law is based encompass the needs of all human beings. Jurisprudential ijtihad no longer relies solely on principles such as Qiyas, Istihisan, Masalah Mursalah, but general rules of Shari’ah objectives and principles of Sadd-ul-Zarai and Fath-ul-Zarai are also being used to provide guidance in the process of Ijtihad. In jurisprudential terms, the words “fiqh al-nawazal” are used for contemporary issues. “Nawazal” is the plural of “Nazla”. The term refers to a new event or incident that requires a Shari'ah ruling. The principle of Sadd-ul-Zarai and Fath-ul-Zarai is helpful in solving such problems. This article discusses the need and importance of Sadd ul Zarai, Fath ul Zarai to solve modern issues. The views of scholars of different schools of thought have also been discussed.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa STTIKOM Insan Unggul
Authors: Herawati Hetty , Yusta Afrasim , Sianturi Susy Katerina 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh penggunaan media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web terhadap motivasi belajar Mahamahasiswa STTIKOM Insan Unggul 2) Pengaruh penggunaan media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web terhadap hasil belajar Mahasiswa STTIKOM Insan Unggul. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran web untuk kelompok eksperimen dan pembelajaran konvensional untuk kelompok kontrol. Metode yang digunakan adalah demonstrasi. Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai, hasil belajar siswa akan diukur dengan tes dan motivasi dari siswa akan diukur dengan angket. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh ini menunjukkan bahwa data pre-test serta data posttes motivasi kedua Kelas > 0,05, dengan demikian dapat dikatakan kedua data homogen. Selanjutnya dapat disimpulkan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata yang signifikan baik sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis web. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar mahasiswa.
Potential impact of future climate change on maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed condition in central India
Authors: ROHIT PATIDAR  , M. MOHANTY  , NISHANT K. SINHA  , S.C. GUPTA  , J. SOMASUNDARAM  , R.S. CHAUDHARY  , R. SOLIYA  , K.M. HATI  , M. PRABHAKAR  , K. SAMMI REDDY  , A.K. PATRA  , SRINIVAS RAO CH.  
Published: December 2021

A simulation experiment was carried out using Agriculture Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model to assess the impact of climate change (change in temperature and rainfall patterns) on productivity of maize in the state Madhya Pradesh. Thirty districts with 74 soil profiles from Madhya Pradesh state were considered for the study. However, we are presenting the average results over districts and soil profiles. A well-parameterised and validated APSIM model was used to simulate the effects of temperature and rainfall on maize grain and biomass yield. Increase in temperature having negative effects on both grain and biomass yield of maize. While increasing the temperature from base to 5 °C, the grain and biomass yield of maize decreased by 40% and 28%, respectively. Further, increasing the temperature by 1 °C could reduce the grain and biomass yield by 10% and 8 %, respectively. A small increase in maize yield was observed by 10% decrease of rainfall from the base. While rainfall increase by 10% or more and decrease by >20% would results in lower maize yield and biomass. The decrease in maize yield due to increase in temperature could be attributed to decrease in duration of the crop. One-degree increase in temperature may decrease the duration of crop by 4.3 days. This study also revealed that agronomic management practices such as delaying of sowing dates could reduce the impact of climate change on crop yield to a considerable extent. By adopting the sowing date between 7th and 14th July, it may be possible to reduce the impact of temperature change on maize grain and biomass yield in central Indian condition.
Modeling yield and backscatter using satellite derived biophysical variables of rice crop based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: MAHESH PALAKURU  , SIRISHA ADAMALA  , HARISH BABU BACHINA  
Published: December 2021

In this study, ‘observed rice yield (ton acre-1)’ and ‘remotely sensed backscatter’are modelled using artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods for East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The biophysical variables viz. backscatter (bs), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Chlorophyll (chfl), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), leaf area index (LAI), canopy water content (CWC), and fraction of vegetation cover (Fcover) were derived from Scatterometer Satellite-1 (SCATSAT-1), Moderate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Sentinel-2 satellite data.Inputs selected are bs, NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover for rice yield model, whereas NDVI, chfl, FAPAR, LAI, CWC, and Fcover are inputs for backscatter models. The performance of ANN and MLR models was evaluated using three indices such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results concluded that the ANN models achieved R2 of 0.908 and 0.884 which are 42.73% and 28.85% higher than that of the MLR method for rice yield and backscatter, respectively.
Weather based crop insurance for risk management in agriculture
Authors: LATA VISHNOI  , ANUPAM KUMAR  , SUNIL KUMAR  , GAURAV SHARMA  , A.K. BAXLA  , K.K. SINGH  , S.C. BHAN  
Published: December 2021

In recent years, in many parts of the country, indebtedness, crop failures, unpaid prices and poor returns have resulted in agrarian distress. The government has identified and introduced several programs to address these critical issues viz. crop insurance, lending waivers etc. among them. Crop insurance as a concept for risk management in agriculture has emerged in India since the turn of the twentieth century and government has launched various insurance schemes in last three decades like Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS), National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified NAIS (MNAIS) etc. Apart from these schemes, several other pilot projects such as Seed Crop Insurance, Farm Income Insurance Scheme and Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) were implemented from time to time. At present, two most important schemes are functional i.e. Pradhan Mantri Fasal BimaYojna (PMFBY) and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) are in operation. This study focused on the performance of the Restructured Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) from historical and analytical perspectives and presents recommendation for future scenarios. RWBCIS scheme having two most important challenges. Firstly, weather data related issues by designing a modern scientific approach to develop high resolution secondary data and secondly, modifying the existing design of RWBCIS Products, based on sound agronomic principles.
Building an Anti-Corruption Legal Culture
Authors: Syah Kaharuddin , Malik Abdul 
Published: December 2021

Background: Corrupt behaviour in Indonesia is increasingly becoming a culture, which is undoubtedly destructive to the economy and moral order of the nation. Corruption has become a chronic disease in the country, which requires serious treatment, especially by the state.
Objective: Building an anti-corruption culture is a genuine and sustained intention; such an effort should be spearheaded y the government. Instilling an understanding that corruption is a despicable act based on religious and social norms which are not ethical. However, corruption’s complexity and its modes or categories have kept on the increase along with the vast power of the state in regulating social life. Various attempts have been made by all the previous governments, but they cannot free the country from the tsunami of corruption.
Approach: Though the various policies and law enforcement models have been put in place, corruption persists today. The strategy of building an anti-corruption legal culture should be continuously promoted, in securing a corruption-free future for Indonesia.
Ciclos de protesto e democracia: uma comparação entre Portugal e Espanha, 2000-2019
Authors: Fernandes Tiago , Araújo Cláudia , Santos Isabel Gorjão , Romanos Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, são descritos e analisados os ciclos de protesto em Portugal e Espanha no início do século XXI. Considerando que a possibilidade de exercer o direito à dissensão na esfera pública constitui não apenas um dos elementos caracterizadores da democracia, mas igualmente um fator do seu fortalecimento, esta análise compara os ciclos de protesto nos dois países da Península Ibérica, atentando à sua magnitude e complexidade organizacional, e aos seus aspetos culturais, em particular os repertórios de ação coletiva. Este estudo permite identificar diferentes tendências do protesto nos dois países, não obstante a Grande Recessão constituir, em ambos os casos, um marco inquestionável em termos da dimensão do protesto. Permite igualmente aferir da constante importância de atores de protesto tradicionais em Portugal, como os sindicatos, associada à existência de uma cultura de protesto mais democrática. Em contrapartida, em Espanha, a arena do protesto é mais variada e inovadora, mas também mais polarizada e conflitual.