bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Flexible Cystoscopy Necessary in the Investigation of Non-visible Haematuria?
Authors: Nowers Jennifer , Kitchen Mark O. , Rathod Sneha , Lipski Caroline , Nageswaran Sharbathana , Aslam Shahjahan , Golash Anurag 
Published: June 2021

Background: Historic evidence suggests up to 16% (approximately) of non-visible haematuria (NVH) referrals result in Urological cancer diagnosis. The majority are bladder cancers, for which flexible cystoscopy is regarded the “gold standard” diagnostic procedure. Recent changes to suspected cancer referral guidelines, public information campaigns and reduced smoking prevalence may have changed this percentage. We retrospectively calculated cancer detection rates from NVH referrals to assess whether flexible cystoscopy, an invasive and morbid procedure, remains necessary. Patients and methods: All patients referred to our University teaching hospital on a suspected (“twoweek”) cancer pathway with NVH over a 16-week period were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected for a series of 200 patients (96 male, age range 27–92, median 68). Results: Only eight patients had urological malignancy found (two renal and six bladder cancers). Both renal, and four bladder cancers, were identified on imaging prior to flexible cystoscopy. Only two bladder cancers were therefore detected by cystoscopy; one low-risk non-muscle invasive (patient has already been discharged) and one in a patient that was unfit for treatment (died of heart failure). Only seven (3.5%) of the patients were offered the option of not undergoing flexible cystoscopy. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that flexible cystoscopy is rarely of benefit in patients with NVH. We suggest that patients should be given an accurate risk of bladder cancer diagnosis during the consent process. We advocate that flexible cystoscopy can be avoided for the majority of NVH referrals, particularly in patients without strong risk factors for urothelial cell carcinoma. Avoidance of flexible cystoscopy would reduce patient risks from procedural morbidity, reduce risks of acquiring coronavirus from hospital attendance, and there could be huge reductions in financial and service delivery demands in an overstretched secondary-care service.
Teaching Family Medicine Residents How to Identify and Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Schoenberger Lisa , Mourabet Rajaa , Bose Binju , Gu Qian , Benjamin Benita , Saad Jennifer , Lee Christine , Zahtila Tara 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: This educational program aimed to teach family medicine residents how to address social determinants of health. The literature reviewed suggested that curricula addressing social needs of patients were sporadic and failed to provide residents with practical ways to apply the knowledge. The program objectives were to provide residents with a thorough understanding of social determinants of health and to provide a practical experience where they could address social needs.
Methods: The program consisted of four didactic sessions in which the residents discussed why addressing social determinants of health is important, designed a screening tool, and were educated on how to assess and communicate with patients. As a longitudinal experience, the residents used the screening tool in their clinic and connected patients with resources. We performed a mixed-methods data analysis to determine if program goals were met.
Results: Survey data showed a statistically significant change in the comfort, understanding, and consistency of addressing social determinants of health. Reflections showed similar results. Residents recognized the importance of being aware of social needs, having conversations with patients about their needs, and considering cost when they implement treatment plans.
Conclusions: Family medicine residents are the future primary care providers for our communities. Therefore, it is important to equip them with the knowledge and ability to address all of the factors affecting their patients’ health. Graduates will be able to apply this knowledge to their future patients, and educators can be assured family physicians have the skills to address social determinants of health.
Memoria histórica territorial como estrategia socioeducativa para la construcción de nuevas ciudadanías. una breve revisión teórica
Authors: Blanco Julián Camilo , Bayona-Sanabria Magda 
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo expone los resultados de una sucinta revisión teórica enmarcada en la investigación denominada “Memoria histórica con los estudiantes de décimo grado del Instituto Técnico Guaimaral como estrategia socioeducativa para la construcción de nuevas ciudadanías”, con la cual se pretende exponer en primer lugar, un debate epistemológico entre memoria e historia, precisando luego, el término memoria histórica de Nora y memoria colectiva de Halbwachs, para luego realizar un acercamiento a la Teoría del Aprendizaje Social de Bandura e Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky con el fin de adentrarse en la dimensión socioeducativa siendo esta una estrategia pedagógica integradora en la escuela y cómo a través de ella se puede enseñar la memoria histórica como cimiento para la construcción de nuevas ciudadanías.

Se realiza, además, un debate teórico que ponen de manifiesto el significado mayoritario de la memoria histórica desde un sentido bélico y armamentista, noción configurada a partir de una narrativa que se ha logrado instalar hegemónicamente en los escenario educativo y social mediante dispositivos de saber que buscan naturalizar un determinado tipo de conocimiento, así como por herramientas materiales y simbólicas que atraviesan y condicionan el disentir en sus contextos familiares y sociales.
Reconstrucción de memoria histórica en jóvenes víctimas del conflicto armado en el municipio de El Zulia
Authors: Castillo-Sarmiento Alma Yislem , Gallo-Flórez Mónica Andrea , Martínez-Balaguera Mery 
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la investigación denominada: Reconstrucción de Memoria Histórica en el municipio de El Zulia con un enfoque socio cultural y de comunicación; que tuvo como propósito identificar elementos socioculturales de la comunicación para la construcción de memoria individual y colectiva en el municipio de El Zulia con los jóvenes de 9° grado de la Institución Educativa Francisco de Paula Santander, que posibilite la apropiación del punto vive digital. El horizonte metodológico fue de corte cualitativo, desde un enfoque histórico-hermenéutico, con un método fenomenológico en donde se utilizaron la fotografía, videograbación, cartografía social y la observación como técnicas de recolección de información; la población objeto de estudio fueron 15 jóvenes del municipio de El Zulia víctimas del conflicto armado. En los resultados se logró develar la memoria individual y resaltar los símbolos significativos de los jóvenes del municipio de El Zulia en el marco del conflicto armado y resignificarla en un espacio colectivo, en donde comunicaron sentimientos y experiencias significativas lo que les permitió una apropiación de su realidad social.
Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and The Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and Quit Intention: Findings from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan
Authors: Al-Tammemi Ala'a B. , Barakat Muna , Al-Tamimi Doa’a B. , Alhallaq Sami A. , Hasan Dima M. Al , Khasawneh Ghena M. , Naqera Khalil Abu , Jaradat Raghad M. , Farah Fadi W. , Al-Maqableh Hindya O. , Abuawad Alaa , Othman Bayan , Tarhini Zeinab , Odeh Hamza , Khatatbeh Moawiah , Akour Amal , Aljaberi Musheer A. , Kolozsvári László Róbert 
Published: June 2021

Background: The relationship between smoking and Coronavirus
Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological
evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people’s beliefs towards
smoking as well as smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering
high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the
following points in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the
beliefs that surround smoking and COVID-19, (ii) the pandemic impact on
smoking behavior and quit intention.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan
utilizing an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items
on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess
beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CC),
waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (EC), and 12 items to assess
the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention.
Results: Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our
study there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217
ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD:11.06). Most
participants have shown anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed
that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also,
71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course,
while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective
effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of
current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively, and
many smokers reported their willingness to quit smoking due to the
pandemic. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their
plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5%
(n=126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a
COVID-19 related reason, such as self-protection (n=123) and protection
of family members (=121) which were the most reported ones. Also, around
63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic.
However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of
their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Most participants reported anti-smoking beliefs and
attitudes during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of
the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and
reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in
the country.
Public Theology in the Secular Age: Editor’s Introduction
Authors: PhD Michael A. Milton, 
Published: June 2021

Discipleship and the Front Page: Public Theology in the Secular
Age is an anthology of monographs offered to the general public as a
contribution of distinctively Christian thinking about the personal and
public implications for following Jesus Christ in “A Secular Age”
(Charles Taylor, 2009). The monographs are written by subject matter
experts—clergy, and laity; academics and practitioners; theologians
representing a variety of traditions within the Church, as well as
professionals from business, law, and medicine— with a common mission
to leverage their expertise in the service of Christ and His Church. The
work is a public theology initiative of the D. James Kennedy Institute
of Reformed Leadership, a ministry and program of Faith for Living,
Inc., a North Carolina nonprofit corporation. The collection address
four areas of public life: Ideas, Daily Life, the Nation, and Triggers.
Each area constitutes a division of the collection. Each of the
four divisions contains three issues. The twelve issues represent the
twelve chapter chapters in the book.
Islet Autoimmunity and HLA Markers of Presymptomatic and Clinical Type 1 Diabetes: Joint Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.
Authors: Anand Vibha , Li Ying , Liu Bin , Ghalwash Mohamed , Koski Eileen , Ng Kenney , Dunne Jessica L. , Jönsson Josefine , Winkler Christiane , Knip Mikael , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Killian Michael B. , Frohnert Brigitte I. , Lundgren Markus , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , Hagopian William , Veijola Riitta , Rewers Marian 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
To combine prospective cohort studies, by including HLA harmonization, and estimate risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
For prospective cohorts in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S., 24,662 children at increased genetic risk for development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes have been followed. Following harmonization, the outcomes were analyzed in 16,709 infants-toddlers enrolled by age 2.5 years.

RESULTS
In the infant-toddler cohort, 1,413 (8.5%) developed at least one autoantibody confirmed at two or more consecutive visits (seroconversion), 865 (5%) developed multiple autoantibodies, and 655 (4%) progressed to diabetes. The 15-year cumulative incidence of diabetes varied in children with one, two, or three autoantibodies at seroconversion: 45% (95% CI 40–52), 85% (78–90), and 92% (85–97), respectively. Among those with a single autoantibody, status 2 years after seroconversion predicted diabetes risk: 12% (10–25) if reverting to autoantibody negative, 30% (20–40) if retaining a single autoantibody, and 82% (80–95) if developing multiple autoantibodies. HLA-DR-DQ affected the risk of confirmed seroconversion and progression to diabetes in children with stable single-autoantibody status. Their 15-year diabetes incidence for higher- versus lower-risk genotypes was 40% (28–50) vs. 12% (5–38). The rate of progression to diabetes was inversely related to age at development of multiple autoantibodies, ranging from 20% per year to 6% per year in children developing multipositivity in ≤2 years or &gt;7.4 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The number of islet autoantibodies at seroconversion reliably predicts 15-year type 1 diabetes risk. In children retaining a single autoantibody, HLA-DR-DQ genotypes can further refine risk of progression.
A Diagnostic for Seasonality Based Upon Polynomial Roots of ARMA Models
Authors: McElroy Tucker 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Methodology for seasonality diagnostics is extremely important for statistical agencies, because such tools are necessary for making decisions whether to seasonally adjust a given series, and whether such an adjustment is adequate. This methodology must be statistical, in order to furnish quantification of Type I and II errors, and also to provide understanding about the requisite assumptions. We connect the concept of seasonality to a mathematical definition regarding the oscillatory character of the moving average (MA) representation coefficients, and define a new seasonality diagnostic based on autoregressive (AR) roots. The diagnostic is able to assess different forms of seasonality: dynamic versus stable, of arbitrary seasonal periods, for both raw data and seasonally adjusted data. An extension of the AR diagnostic to an MA diagnostic allows for the detection of over-adjustment. Joint asymptotic results are provided for the diagnostics as they are applied to multiple seasonal frequencies, allowing for a global test of seasonality. We illustrate the method through simulation studies and several empirical examples.
Applying Machine Learning for Automatic Product Categorization
Authors: Roberson Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Every five years, the U.S. Census Bureau conducts the Economic Census, the official count of US businesses and the most extensive collection of data related to business activity. Businesses, policymakers, governments and communities use Economic Census data for economic development, business decisions, and strategic planning. The Economic Census provides key inputs for economic measures such as the Gross Domestic Product and the Producer Price Index. The Economic Census requires businesses to fill out a lengthy questionnaire, including an extended section about the goods and services provided by the business.
To address the challenges of high respondent burden and low survey response rates, we devised a strategy to automatically classify goods and services based on product information provided by the business. We asked several businesses to provide a spreadsheet containing Universal Product Codes and associated text descriptions for the products they sell. We then used natural language processing to classify the products according to the North American Product Classification System. This novel strategy classified text with very high accuracy rates - our best algorithms surpassed over 90%.
Variance Estimation after Mass Imputation Based on Combined Administrative and Survey Data
Authors: Scholtus Sander , Daalmans Jacco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article discusses methods for evaluating the variance of estimated frequency tables based on mass imputation. We consider a general set-up in which data may be available from both administrative sources and a sample survey. Mass imputation involves predicting the missing values of a target variable for the entire population. The motivating application for this article is the Dutch virtual population census, for which it has been proposed to use mass imputation to estimate tables involving educational attainment. We present a new analytical design-based variance estimator for a frequency table based on mass imputation. We also discuss a more general bootstrap method that can be used to estimate this variance. Both approaches are compared in a simulation study on artificial data and in an application to real data of the Dutch census of 2011.
Assessing and Adjusting Bias Due to Mixed-Mode in Aspect of Daily Life Survey
Authors: de Vitiis Claudia , Guandalini Alessio , Inglese Francesca , Terribili Marco D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The mixed-mode (MM) designs are adopted by NSIs both to contrast declining response and coverage rates and to reduce the cost of the surveys. However, MM introduces several issues that must be addressed both at the design phase, by defining the best collection instruments to contain the measurement error, and at the estimation phase, by assessing and adjusting the mode effect. In the MM surveys, the mode effect refers to the introduction of bias effects on the estimate of the parameters of interest due to the difference in the selection and measurement errors specific to each mode. The switching of a survey from single to mixed-mode is a delicate operation: the accuracy of the estimates must be ensured in order to preserve their consistency and comparability over time. This work focuses on the methods chosen for the evaluation of the mode effect in the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) mixed-mode survey “Aspects of Daily Life – 2017”, in the experimental context for which an independent control single-mode (SM) PAPI sample was planned to assess the introduction of the sequential web/PAPI survey. The presented methods aim to analyze the causes that can determine significant differences in the estimates obtained with the SM and MM surveys.
A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practices related to owls in central Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Ghulam Mustafa , Ali Mirza Habib , Butt Abida , Qadir Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Owls are considered as dominant predators for control of rats and mice population in agricultural fields and presently their populations are continuously declining in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of people of rural and urban areas about the declining trend of owls. During this survey, more than 1600 people were asked to collect information regarding the owl populations from six localities including Faisalabad, Sialkot, Jhang, Lahore and Bahawalnagar. Four parameters were the major part of the questionnaire: familiarity, misconceptions, awareness about owls and their acceptance as a biological controlling agent. The results revealed that about 95% of people were familiar with owls in the agro-ecosystem. Only 15.6% of people thought that owls should be eliminated; 23.0% were of the opinion that owl’s presence in a locality leads to ruination; 33.3% agreed that the owls presence was a sign of bad omen; 41.8% considered them as signs of foolishness; 47.0% believed that owl’s body parts were used for black magic purposes. In contrast, 50% of people acknowledged that owls are beneficial to humans; 60.3% knew that owls are the enemies of rodents, 67.7% agreed that they are suppressors of rats and mice and 63.8% agreed that artificial nest boxes can serve as their nests and roosts. It was encouraging to know that 74.8% showed their willingness to enhance the owl’s population on their farms, and 74.0% were willing to permit the installation of nest boxes in or near the villages. The study of attitudes of respondents towards owl will help to develop an effective conservation strategy and to boost owl’s population in croplands for biological control of rats and mice.
The possible occurrence of cranial asymmetry in three harrier (Accipitridae: Circus) species
Authors: Pecsics Tibor , Marx András , Csörgő Tibor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The harriers (Accipitridae: Circus) represent a unique group of raptorial birds due to their hunting behaviour and their facial ruff and prominent facial disc. During previous studies it was suggested that harrier species may have other convergent features shared with owls like asymmetric or enlarged ear openings related to sensitive hearing capabilities. In this study, cranial asymmetry was done using SAGE (Symmetry and Asymmetry of Geometric Data) software. 32 skulls of 3 species (Western Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) n=8, Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus) n=10, Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) n=14) were photographed, digitized and assigned with 2D landmarks with TpsDig software. The variables were analysed based on Generalized Procrustes analysis. The morphometric data showed cranial asymmetry of harriers. This asymmetry should rather be explained by foraging strategies as the results are corresponding to the exceptionally good hearing of these species among diurnal raptors.
The wing phalanges (phalanx proximalis digiti majoris) of Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ardeiformes, Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Ralliformes, Charadriiformes and Galliformes
Authors: Kessler Jenő Eugen , Horváth Ida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors compared the first phalanx of the second wing-finger of 93 species belong to 9 order (Gaviiformes – 2 species, Podicipediformes – 4 species, Pelecaniformes – 4 species, Ardeiformes – 12 species, Anseriformes – 27 species, Gruiformes – 4 species, Ralliformes – 6 species, Charadriiformes – 25 species and Galliformes – 9 species). The importance of studying this bone lies in the fact that, although it has diagnosable characteristics, it was practically neglected by osteologists and paleontologists. Thus, fossil materials can be identified through them, as well as those from owl pellets. The comparison was made possible by the comparative avian skeleton collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The text is supplemented by 10 figures and 1 table.