bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of the Peaking and Decoupling Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth Around 2030 in China
Authors: Gong Weifeng , wang Chuanhui , Fan Zhenyue , Xu Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emissions is the basis and premise of carbon neutrality. In this paper, the factor decomposition model was used to analyze the influencing factors and effects of carbon dioxide emissions. Causal chain model of elastic decoupling was established. The historical decoupling state between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth and the decoupling effect of its influencing factors were analyzed. The prediction model of carbon dioxide emissions was used to explore the change trend of China’s carbon dioxide emissions and its peak in the short and medium term in the future. The elastic decoupling trend between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth was predicted. The results show that economic growth is the main force driving carbon dioxide emissions. Both energy intensity and energy consumption structure have a strong inhibiting effect on carbon dioxide emissions except for a few years, but the former has a more significant inhibiting effect than the latter. In general, the elastic decoupling between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth has experienced a state from weak decoupling to growth linkage and then to weak decoupling. And this weak decoupling trend will continue to increase in the short and medium term. During the 14th Five-year and 15th Five-year period, if the average annual economic growth rate will be maintained at 4.61–5.85%, and energy intensity will be reduced by 16.14–18.37%, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in the energy consumption structure at the end of the 14th, 15th and 16th Five-Year Plan period will be around 19.9%, 23.2% and 26.1%, respectively, then the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions will continue to decline. It is expected to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions between 10,453 and 10,690 billion tons from 2025 to 2027. And the earlier the peak time is, the smaller the peak is, which would provide valuable time for carbon neutrality and room to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the medium and long term.
A Novel Viewpoint to the Green City Concept Based on Vegetation Area Changes and Contributions to Healthy Days: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Nejatian Amir , Makian Masoud , Gheibi Mohammad , Fathollahi-Fard Amir Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the significant challenges in urbanization is the air pollution. This highlights the need of the green city concept with reconsideration of houses, factories and traffics in a green viewpoint. The literature review confirms that this reconsideration for green space, has a positive effect on the air quality of large cities and to remove the air pollution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the annual vegetation changes in the green space of Mashhad, Iran as a very populated city in the middle east to study the air pollution. To investigate the relationship between the air pollution and vegetation, the Landsat 8 satellite images for summers of 2013-2019 were used to extract changes in vegetation by calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI). The main contribution in comparison with the relevant studies is to study the relationship between clean, healthy and unhealthy days with the green space area for the first time in Mashhad, Iran. The results show that the implementation of green city concept in Mashhad, Iran has been increased by 64%, 81% and 53% by NDVI, EVI and OSAVI, respectively during the study period. The vegetation area of this city is positively correlated to clean and healthy days and has a negative correlation to unhealthy days, in which the greatest values for NDVI, EVI and OSAVI are 0.33, 0.52 and -0.53, respectively.
Fertilization Modes And The Evolution of Sperm Characteristics In Marine Fishes: Paired Comparisons of The Externally And Internally Fertilizing Species
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Morita Masaya , Inaba Kazuo , Shiba Kogiku , Munehara Hiroyuki , Koya Yasunori , Homma Mitsuo , Awata Satoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Fertilization modes may affect sperm characteristics, such as morphology, velocity, and motility. However, there is surprisingly little information on how fertilization mode affects sperm evolution because several factors (e.g. sperm competition and phylogeny) are intricately intertwined with this factor when phylogenetically distant species are compared. Here, we compared sperm characteristics between six externally and four internally fertilizing marine fishes from three different groups containing close relatives, taking into account the level of sperm competition. We also analysed the relationship between relative testis mass (as an index of sperm competition level) and sperm characteristics.Results: Sperm head morphology was significantly longer in species with internal fertilization than in those with external fertilization, suggesting that a longer head is advantageous for swimming in viscous ovarian fluid or the complex ovarian structure. In addition, sperm motility differed between external fertilizers and internal fertilizers; sperm of externally fertilizing species were only motile in seawater, and sperm of internally fertilizing species were only motile in an isotonic solution. These results suggest that sperm motility has adapted according to the fertilization mode. In contrast, total sperm length and sperm velocity did not correlate with fertilization mode, perhaps because of the different levels of sperm competition. Relative testis mass is positively correlated with sperm velocity and negatively correlated with the ratio of sperm head length/flagellum length. This finding suggests that species with high levels of sperm competition have sperm that are fast and have relatively long flagella compared to head length. These results contradict a previous assumption that the evolution of internal fertilization increases total sperm length. In addition, copulatory behaviour with internal insemination may involve a large intromittent organ, but this is not essential in fish, probably due to the avoidance of water resistance.Conclusions: We propose a new scenario of sperm evolution in which internal fertilization increases sperm head length but not total sperm length and changes sperm motility. In contrast, sperm competition affects sperm length and velocity. Our findings provide a new perspective on the evolutionary biology of sperm in fish.
Cellulose Nanofibers/Melanin Hybrid Aerogel Supported Phase Change Materials with Improved Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Superior Energy Storage Density
Authors: Chen Jiulong , Zhang Yiyang , Wu Fugeng , Guan Bin , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Haibo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely applied in thermal energy storage fields due to their good structural stability, high energy storage density, adjustable phase change temperature and non-toxic. However, the poor solar-thermal conversion performance and structure stability restrict the large-scale application of organic PCMs. Herein,novel PCM composites (CMPCMs) with good structure stability, improved photothermal conversion efficiency, and superior energy storage density were successfully synthesized by impregnating poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) into cellulose nanofibers/melanin hybrid aerogel. The three-dimensional (3D) aerogel framework had good shape stability and strong encapsulation ability, which inhibited the leakage of PEG and enhanced the shape stability of the synthesized PCM. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that CMPCMs exhibited relatively high melting enthalpies ranging from 168.3 to 175.9 J/g, and the introduction of melanin almost unchanged the energy storage density of the synthesized PCM composites. Simulated sunlight test revealed that the introduction of melanin significantly improved the photothermal conversion efficiency of CMPCMs (from 47.2 to 85.9%). The thermal cycling test and thermogravimetric analysis showed that CMPCMs possessed excellent thermal stability and good encapsulation ability. In conclusion, the synthesized CMPCMs showed great potential in the practical utilization and storage of solar energy.
Optimal Outcome Factors In Maternity And Newborn Care For Inpatient (Hospital Maternity Ward-HMW) And Outpatient Deliveries (Outhospital Maternity Clinics -OMC)
Authors: Lukač Azra , Šulović Nenad , Ilić Aleksandra , Mijović Milica , Tasić Dijana , Smiljić Sonja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to use the Optimality Index (OI-US) to initiate the possibility of developing an adequate national-level database for women with low- and medium-risk pregnancies but also to assess the feasibility and possible application in inpatient and outpatient delivery settings. Numerous worldwide associations support the option of women giving birth at maternity outpatient clinics or even at home. The assessments of requirements that need to be met and what could be characterized as the birth potential constitute the basis for making the right decision regarding childbirth. Materials and Methods: The study is based on a prospective follow-up of pregnant women and new mothers (100 participants) who were monitored and gave birth at the hospital maternity ward (HMW) and pregnant women and new mothers (100 participants) who were monitored and gave birth at the outhospital maternity clinics (OMC). Selected patients were classified according to the criteria of low- and medium-risk and each of the parameters of the OI and the total OI were compared. Results: The results of this study confirm the benefits of intrapartum and neonatal outcome, when delivery was carried out in an outpatient setting. The median OI of intrapartum components was significantly higher in the outpatient setting compared to the hospital maternity ward (97 range from 24 to 100 vs 91 range from 3 to 100). The median OI of neonatal components was significantly higher in the outpatient compared to the inpatient delivery. (99 range from 97 to 100 vs 96 range from 74 to 100). Certain components from the intrapartum and neonatal period highly contribute to the significantly better total OI in the outpatient conditions in relation to hospital conditions. Conclusion: Outpatient care and delivery provide multiple benefits for both the mother and the newborn.
Operando Raman analysis of electrolyte changes in Li-ion batteries with hollow-core optical fibre sensors
Authors: Miele Ermanno , Dose Wesley , Manyakin Ilya , Frosz Michael , De Volder Michael , Grey Clare , Baumberg Jeremy , Euser Tijmen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
New methods are urgently required to identify degradation and failure mechanisms in high energy density energy storage materials such as Ni-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes (NMC811) for Li-ion batteries. Understanding and ultimately avoiding these mechanisms requires in-situ tracking of the complex electrochemical processes that occur in different parts of battery cells. Here we demonstrate a new operando spectroscopy method that enables the tracking of electrolyte chemistry, applied here for high energy density Li-ion batteries with a NMC811 cathode, during electrochemical cycling. This is achieved by embedding a novel hollow-core optical fibre probe inside the battery to monitor the evolution of electrolyte species by background-free Raman spectroscopy. Our data reveals changes in the ratio of carbonate solvents and electrolyte additives as a function of the cell voltage, as well as changes in the lithium-ion solvation dynamics. This advanced operando methodology delivers a new way to study battery degradation mechanisms, and the understanding it develops should contribute to extending the lifetime of next-generation batteries.
Congruent evolutionary responses of European steppe biota to late Quaternary climate change: insights from convolutional neural network based demographic modeling
Authors: Kirschner Philipp , Perez Manolo , Záveská Eliška , Sanmartin Isabel , Marquer Laurent , Schlick-Steiner Birgit , Alvarez Nadir , Steinere Florian , Schönswetter Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quaternary climatic oscillations had a large impact on European biogeography. Alternation of cold and warm stages caused recurrent glaciations, massive vegetation shifts and large-scale range alterations in many species. The Eurasian steppe biome and its grasslands are a noteworthy example; they underwent climate-driven, large-scale contractions during warm stages and expansions during cold stages. Here, we evaluate the impact of these range alterations on the late Quaternary demography of phylogenetically unrelated plant and insect species, typical of the Eurasian steppes. We contrast three explicit demographic hypotheses by applying a novel approach combining Convolutional Neural Networks with Approximate Bayesian Computation. We identified congruent demographic responses of cold stage expansions and warm stage contractions across all species, but also species-specific effects. The demographic history of Eurasian steppe biota reflects major paleoecological turning points of the late Quaternary, and emphasizes the role of the climate as a driving force behind patterns of genetic variance.
Effects of Postpartum Family Planning Counseling on Contraceptives Among Women Attending a General Hospital in the Gambia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Sey-Sawo Jainaba , Adeyemo Florence O. , Okojie Obehi H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) counselling is a critical component of maternal health care that has the potential of meeting women’s desire for contraception. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postpartum family planning counselling among women attending a general hospital in Gambia.Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups; the intervention and the comparison group. A sample size of 674 participants was determined by a formula for comparison between two groups. The questionnaire was developed base on a literature review and was pre-tested on 10% of the total study participants (68). A reliability of 0.731 was obtained. Systematic random sampling method was employed to select those who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected on face-to-face interviews in the Wollof, Mandinka and Fulla local languages with a 100% response rate at baseline and 96% at posttest. The intervention strategy was family planning counselling using the GATHER approach. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.00 and statistical analysis included both descriptive and inferential methods. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethic Committee, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Benin (CMS/REC/2017/017); The Gambia Government/Medical Research Council Laboratories Joint Ethics Committee (R017016Av1.1). Results Baseline respondents' socio-demographic characteristics revealed that the two groups had similar characteristics and were therefore comparable (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference existed on knowledge, attitude, and intention between the intervention and comparison groups at post intervention (p<0.05) while no significant difference was observed at baseline. Significant gains were achieved in the intervention group in terms of knowledge, attitude, and intention post intervention. Conclusion The present study therefore highlights the need to conduct family planning counselling during the immediate postpartum period, particularly before discharge of women from the hospital so as to ensure improve contraceptive uptake, prevent unwanted pregnancy and closely spaced pregnancy and thus improve maternal health outcomes. Keywords: Postpartum Family Planning, Counseling, Contraceptives, Women, The Gambia
RBV, an evolutionarily conserved WD40 repeat protein, promotes microRNA biogenesis and loading into ARGONAUTE1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liang Chao , Cai Qiang , Li Shaofang , You Chenjiang , Xu Chi , Gao Lei , Wang Fei , Cao Dechang , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation through RNA cleavage or translation repression. Although miRNA biogenesis has been extensively studied, new factors involved in miRNA biogenesis are still being found from various genetic screens, suggesting that knowledge of miRNA biogenesis or its regulation is still incomplete. Here, we report the identification of a previously uncharacterized and evolutionarily conserved WD40 domain protein as a player in miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. A mutation in the REDUCTION IN BLEACHED VEIN AREA (RBV) gene encoding a WD40 domain protein led to the suppression of leaf bleaching caused by an artificial miRNA; the mutation also led to a global reduction in the accumulation of endogenous miRNAs. RBV may act at multiple steps in miRNA biogenesis. RBV promotes the transcription of MIR genes into pri-miRNAs by enhancing the occupancy of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at MIR gene promoters. The nuclear protein RBV may also participate in pri-miRNA processing, as the mutation of RBV leads to the reduction of dicing body number. Moreover, mutation of RBV leads to a defect of miRNA loading into AGO1.RBV function is required in messenger RNA splicing, as RNA-seq uncovered a global intron retention defect in the mutant. Thus, this previously uncharacterized, evolutionarily conserved, nuclear WD40 domain protein acts in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing.
Rnf43 Mutation As A Biomarker For Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy In Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shi XinPeng , Ju WenCui , Lou YunFeng , Luo XiaoYong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors can prolong the survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and have been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients with mismatch repair defects and high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H). However, there are still many deficiencies in their clinical application, such as their benefit in a limited population, low efficiency, and lack of accurate markers. Therefore, finding accurate biomarkers has become an urgent problem in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Our research aimed to find biomarkers that can accurately predict the population with potential benefit.Methods: We analysed data from a colon cancer immunotherapy cohort (n = 110, ICI cohort), including mutation data and clinical data, to identify the mutated gene closely related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Next, we further verified the relationship between gene mutation and clinical features, such as Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) status in the TCGA colorectal cancer data set (non-ICI cohort). Then, CIBERSORT was used to analyse the relationships between gene mutation and both immune cell infiltration and immune genes, and GSEA was used to analyse the effect of gene mutation on pathway activation levels. In addition, we analysed the Whole-exome Sequencing (WES) and drug sensitivity data of colorectal cancer cell lines in the GDSC database.Conclusions: Our results show that Rnf43 mut can be used as a biomarker to predict the efficacy of ICI for colorectal cancer, and it can be used for clinical screening of patients who benefit from ICI for colorectal cancer.
Synergistic Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Csp2–F Bond Alkylation of Fluoro-1,3-Dienes with Aldimine Esters
Authors: Yu Huimin , Zhang Qinglong , Zi Weiwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the high energies of Csp2–F bonds, employing fluorinated compounds for Csp2–Csp3 coupling has been an unsolved challenge. In this work, we report an efficient protocol for enantioselective Csp2–Csp3 cross-coupling of dienyl fluorides with aldimine esters, which was enabled by a synergistic Cu/Pd catalysis. This reaction represents the first example of asymmetric Csp2–Csp3 cross-coupling involving an inert Csp2–F bond and provides expeditious access to chiral α-Alkenyl α-amino acids with high enantioselectivity. Control experiments suggest that the Csp2–F bond activation occurs through a pathway involving PdH migratory insertion and subsequent allylic defluorination, rather than by direct oxidative addition of the Csp2–F bond to Pd(0). The detailed mechanism was further investigated by DFT calculation and the enantioselectivity was rationalized.
Physical Activity For Multimorbidity Prevention And Management: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Prospective Studies
Authors: Hargan Danielle , McCartan Dáire , Garcia Leandro M. T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical activity can be used in the prevention and management of multimorbidity.Methods: A systematic review was carried out using Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to find experimental and prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between physical activity and prevention and management of multimorbidity. Participants consisted of general population, non-institutionalised adults aged 18 or more. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.Results: From a total of 1,724 studies identified, eight prospective cohort studies and one randomised control trial were included in the analysis. Four out of nine studies found evidence that higher levels of physical activity reduced the risk of multimorbidity. Three of four studies found evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of developing or worsening multimorbidity within subgroups with chronic conditions at the baseline.Conclusion: The current evidence base indicates that it is unclear whether healthy individuals are more likely to develop multimorbidity if they are less physically active. However, it seems more likely for people to develop or worsen multimorbidity when they have one or any number of conditions at baseline if they are less physically active.
Left Anterior Insular Lesions Result in Impaired Recognition of Facial Expressions of Negative Emotions
Authors: Klepzig Kai , Wendt Julia , Sarnowski Bettina , Hamm Alfons O. , Lotze Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Single case studies about patients with unilateral insular lesions reported deficits in emotion recognition from facial expressions. However, there is no consensus about both the actual extent of impairments and the role of lesion lateralization. To investigate associations of brain lesions and impairments in a facial emotion recognition task, we used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) in a group of 29 stroke patients in the chronic stage, 16 with left and 13 with right hemispheric lesion. Recognition accuracy was impaired for fearful and angry expressions in patients with left hemispheric lesions compared to 14 matched healthy controls. VLSM analyses revealed that lesions centered around the left insula were associated with impaired recognition of emotional facial expressions. We here demonstrate a critical role for the left insula in decoding unpleasant emotions from facial expressions and therefore present further evidence for a broader role for the insular cortex not restricted to disgust processing.