bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Accelerate Very Early Recovery of Small Incision Lenticular Extraction Formyopia
Authors: Lin Qinghong , Li Qing , Shen Zhengwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Significance: A relatively long period of time is required for visual recovery after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), limiting its possible widespread application. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different defined daily dose systems of 0.1% fluorometholone in the very early phase after SMILE operation.Methods: One hundred and eighty patients (360 eyes) treated with SMILE were divided into three groups. Group A: 60 patients (120 eyes were not given any 0.1% FML; Group B: 60 patients (120 eyes, were given 0.1% fluorometholone once every hour); Group C: 60 patients (120 eyes, were given 0.1% fluorometholone every half an hour). Visual acuity, incidence of subject symptoms and optical quality were assessed at 2, 4 and 24 h postoperatively.Results: The optical quality in group C was significantly higher than the other two groups (p < 0.0001). The incidence of subject symptoms in group C was also notably lower. There were no significant differences between patient groups at 24h.Conclusions: In conclusion, corneal healing, visual and optical quality assessment of patients treated with 0.1% fluorometholone (q1/2h) in the first 2h after SMILE were significantly improved in the very early postoperative phase.
Synovial Fluid Neutrophils in Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Have an Altered Phenotype and Impaired Effector Functions
Authors: Arve-Butler Sabine , Schmidt Tobias , Mossberg Anki , Berthold Elisabet , Gullstrand Birgitta , Bengtsson Anders A , Kahn Fredrik , Kahn Robin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeutrophils are the most prevalent immune cells in synovial fluid in inflamed joints of children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite this, little is known about neutrophil function at the site of inflammation in JIA and how local neutrophils contribute to disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to characterize phenotype and function of synovial fluid neutrophils in oligoarticular JIA.Methods Neutrophils obtained from paired blood and synovial fluid from patients with active oligoarticular JIA were investigated phenotypically (n=17) and functionally (phagocytosis and oxidative burst, n=13) by flow cytometry. In a subset of patients (n=6), blood samples were also obtained during inactive disease at a follow-up visit. Presence of CD206-expressing neutrophils was investigated in synovial biopsies from four patients by immunofluorescence. ResultsNeutrophils in synovial fluid had an activated phenotype, characterized by increased CD66b and CD11b levels, and most neutrophils had a CD16hi CD62Llow aged phenotype. A large proportion of the synovial fluid neutrophils expressed CD206, a mannose receptor not commonly expressed by neutrophils but by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. CD206 expressing neutrophils were also found in synovial tissue biopsies. The synovial fluid neutrophil phenotype was not dependent on transmigration alone. Functionally, synovial fluid neutrophils had reduced phagocytic capacity and a trend towards impaired oxidative burst compared to blood neutrophils. In addition, the effector functions of the synovial fluid neutrophils correlated negatively with the proportion of CD206+ neutrophils.ConclusionsNeutrophils in the inflamed joint in oligoarticular JIA were altered, both regarding phenotype and function. Neutrophils in the synovial fluid were activated, had an aged phenotype, had gained monocyte-like features and had impaired phagocytic capacity. The impairment in phagocytosis and oxidative burst was associated to the phenotype shift. We speculate that these neutrophil alterations might play a role in the sustained joint inflammation seen in JIA.
Mesoscopic collective dynamics in liquids and the Dual Model
Authors: Peluso Fabio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present article it is shown how a series of experimental evidences and theoretical developments on liquid modelling, gathered for the first time, can all be framed in a mesoscopic view of liquids that are hypothesized as constituted by a population of wave packets, responsible for the propagation of elastic and thermal perturbations, and of dynamic aggregates of molecules, in continuous re-arrangement, diving in an ocean of amorphous, disordered liquid. This model, dubbed Dual Model of Liquids, is complementary to the Phonon theory of Liquid Thermodynamics, recently proposed by an independent group. The pseudo-crystalline dynamic structures, whose presence in liquids is evidenced by high energy inelastic scattering experiments, interact with a statistical population of harmonic elastic waves and anharmonic wave-packets propagating within and among the structures themselves, respectively. The expression for the interaction term is derived from “first principles” based on general considerations related to the pressure exerted by elastic waves travelling in condensed media. The anharmonic character of the interaction allows the exchange not only of energy but also of momentum between wave packets and clusters, thus determining both the displacement of the latter within the medium, and the redistribution of the energy between external, or translatory degrees of freedom of the clusters, and internal collective, vibratory degrees. Using these concepts it is possible to calculate some dynamic and thermodynamic quantities concerning the dynamics of liquids. Moreover, the interpretation of the relaxation times of the processes involved in momentum and energy transport is given, their Order-of-Magnitude is calculated, and the way in which these times are involved in the different phases of the collective dynamics of liquids is discussed. A comparison is provided with results obtained in the frame of PLT and with the forecasts for the visco-elastic transition regions.
In the last part of the paper, some experiments are suggested that should be performed to provide additional details to the model.
Evaluation and Management Outcomes and Burdens in Patients with Refractory Chronic Cough Referred for Behavioral Cough Suppression Therapy
Authors: Slovarp Laurie , Jette Marie , Gillespie Amanda , Reynolds Jane , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the typical symptoms and medical management characteristics of adult patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) who are referred to speech-language pathology (SLP) for behavioral cough suppression therapy (BCST) in order to estimate cost-effectiveness and efficiency of current practice patterns for this population.Methods: One hundred fifty-nine (159) patients with RCC referred for BCST were surveyed. Patients completed an initial survey at BCST onset related to symptom pattern and prior treatment, including the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Every 4-6 weeks patients completed follow-up surveys to assess their response to BCST.Results: Mean age was 58 years (83% women). The majority of participants reported their cough began two or more years prior to BCST. Approximately half reported seeing four or more physicians (49%) and being prescribed four or more medications (55%) prior to BCST. Medications targeting post-nasal drip (71%), reflux (70%), asthma (56%), and allergies (56%) were most commonly prescribed. BCST resulted in a clinically significant improvement in 113 (70.1%) participants. The mean change in LCQ for those who improved with BCST was 6.61. Over half (58%) reported they were quite satisfied to completely satisfied with their treatment response. The average time from enrollment to study completion was 64 days. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest early intervention with BCST may be a more cost-effective and efficient option for patients with RCC.
Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis through identification of circulating tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid using the TargetSelector™ assay
Authors: Wooster Margaux , McGuinness Julia E. , Fenn Kathleen M. , Singh Veena M. , Franks Lauren E. , Lee Shing , Cieremans David , Lassman Andrew B. , Hershman Dawn L. , Crew Katherine D. , Accordino Melissa K. , Trivedi Meghna S. , Iwamoto Fabio , Welch Mary R. , Haggiagi Aya , Schultz Robbie D. , Huynh Lan , Sales Edgar , Fisher Deanna , Mayer Julie Ann , Kreisl Teri , Kalinsky Kevin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is limited by low sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathology. Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF might be more sensitive. We evaluated if TargetSelector™ (TS), a novel assay that captures CTCs in peripheral blood, detects CTCs in CSF.Methods: We enrolled adults with metastatic solid tumors or primary CNS malignancies and clinical suspicion for LM to undergo lumbar puncture (LP) for CSF cytopathology and TS. TS captured CTCs using a primary 10-antibody mixture, streptavidin-coated microfluidic channel, and biotinylated secondary antibodies. CTCs from patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) were assessed for estrogen receptor (ER) expression by fluorescent antibody and HER2 amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). CSF cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted for next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Fourteen patients, median age 56 years (range, 32-75), underwent diagnostic LP. Primary malignancies were breast (n=10), lung (n=1), colon (n=1), CNS lymphoma (n=1), and glioma (n=1). Among thirteen patients who underwent CSF evaluation by TS, TS had sensitivity of 83% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 33-100%) and specificity of 86% (95% CI, 42-100%) for LM, defined as positive CSF cytology and/or unequivocal MRI findings. Among MBC patients, concordance of ER and HER2 status between CTCs and metastatic biopsy were 60% and 75%, respectively. NGS of CSF cfDNA identified somatic mutations in three MBC patients, including one with PIK3CAp.H1047L in blood and CSF.Conclusions: TargetSelector™ is a viable platform to detect CSF CTCs, with potential use as a diagnostic tool for LM. Additional, larger studies are warranted.
Bibliometric evaluation of ultrasound in orthopaedics&nbsp;global publications: 10-year trends and&nbsp;hotspots
Authors: Wang Sheng , Xia Demeng , Zhang Zhentao , Dou Wenxue , Xu Zhuoran , Wu Jianghong , Zhou Panyu , Li Lei , Xu Shuogui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. The past decade has witnessed the development of ultrasound in orthopaedics, the growth rate of publications has been accelerating. In this study, analysis of the publications on ultrasound in orthopaedics over the past decade has been completed. We aim to provide inspiration for future research on ultrasound in orthopaedics through our work.Methods. All relevant publications between 2009 and 2020 from Web of Science were collected. Statistical Package for Social Science and GraphPad Prism 8 software were used to generate and analyse diagrams. Meanwhile, from the aspects of co-occurring keywords, VOSviewer software and CiteSpace were employed to visualize the research trends.Results. 1,677 publications with a citation frequency of 20,311 were identified. The United States published most publications in this filed and the number of citations was also the highest, as well as the highest H-index. Although China ranked sixth in terms of the number of publications, the growth trend in the future will be fastest. Furthermore, Skeletal Radiology published the most papers related to ultrasound in orthopaedics, Ozcakar, L had published the most papers, and a study by Kwon, YM received the highest citation frequency. The keywords about "MRI", "complication", "female" and "male" were noted as new topics.Conclusions. Through the research, while the contributions of the publications from the United States were significant, the growth rate of Chinese publications in the future cannot be ignored. Moreover, it is hypothesized that diagnosis and epidemiology studies may become hotspots.
Modernising physician resource planning: a national interactive web platform for Canadian medical trainees
Authors: Bourcier Dax , Collins Brandon W , Tanya Stuti M. , Basu Monisha , Sayal Aman Pal , Moolla Siddiq , Dong Angela , Balas Michael , Molcak Haydn , Punchhi Gopika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare systems rely heavily upon human resources to ensure high-quality access to care for the general population. With significant health worker shortages predicted worldwide in the coming decades, maximizing the current workforce by means of a physician resource planning (PRP) strategy that ensures the right number, mix, and distribution of physicians to meet population needs is warranted. In Canada, there is an insufficient number of primary care providers, and disproportionately low numbers of specialist physicians in rural compared to urban regions. Currently, Canadian medical students are not effectively included in PRP strategy and lack the required information for career orientation to help rebalance the population’s workforce needs. This paper aims to present the Health Human Resource (HHR) Platform, a comprehensive web tool that includes relevant workforce data to empower medical students in choosing a discipline based on both personal interests and social accountability.Methods: Physician workforce data were amalgamated from national public agencies. Comments from Canadian residency program directors and useful resources for career planning were collected by the Canadian Federation of Medical Student’s (CFMS) HHR Task Force. This information was consolidated to create the HHR Platform using a DigitalOcean server. The backend database utilizes MySQL, while the frontend utilizes React and Material UI, with additional aspects integrated through Leaflet and Google Charts. Results: A national interactive platform was created that uses a map, comparison table, and trends graph to illustrate over 500,000 unique data points from 37 datasets, including specific information and resources spanning 62 medical specialties from 2015 onwards. There was a 24.6% response rate for program director comments. During the first four months of the HHR Platform launch, there were 2463 different users, of which 998 were returning, with an average of 20.2 users per day spending on average 3 minutes and 4 seconds on the platform.Conclusions: The HHR Platform constitutes a bottom-up national approach to PRP informing medical students on the mix and distribution of physicians needed for a better alignment with residency positions, and ultimately meet the future healthcare demands of the Canadian population.
The effect of the lead error on the load distribution and no-load drag torque in a double-nut ball screw
Authors: Zhang Lu-Chao , Ou Yi , Feng Hu-Tian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In a ball screw mechanism, the lead error is not only the key parameter to evaluate the precision, but also an important parameter to determine the load distribution. In this paper, a model is proposed to predict the load distribution related to the lead errors. The mechanical analysis of a double-nut ball screw is conducted to investigate the effect of the lead errors on the balls’ contact deformations and contact angles. Based on the Hertz contact theory, the equations to predict the preload and no-load drag torque are established, and the amplitude of the preload is obtained when the rotational speed is low. To verify the model, various experiments are conducted to measure the lead errors and the no-load drag torques of the ball screw by changing the screws with different accuracy levels. The experimental results show that the preload and no-load drag torque rise when the lead error increases in a double-nut ball screw. Besides, the relative errors between the experimental value and the theoretical value are less than 10%. This proves that the model can predict the preload and the no-load drag torque influenced by the lead error well, which is beneficial to the design of the double-nut ball screw for a certain preload.
WITHDRAWN: Enhanced Visible-Light Promoted Photocatalytic Activity of Mn3O4-based Photocatalysts in Removal of Methylene Blue
Authors: Osgouei Maryam Saket , Kamrani Navideh , Khatamian Massumeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, pure Mn3O4, Zirconium (Zr)-doped Mn3O4 and Samarium(Sm)-doped Mn3O4 were synthesized by the ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation method. In another step, zeolite 4A was prepared using a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) by hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the synthesized zeolite 4A was utilized as an efficient support for immobilization of some of the obtained Mn3O4-based photocatalysts, thereby, nanocomposites of Mn(3-x) SmxO4 (x= 0.02)/Zeolite 4A and Mn(3-x) ZrxO4 (x= 0.02)/Zeolite 4A were synthesized. The characterization of the products was performed by exploiting X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy analysis (DRS). The XRD patterns of the doped Mn3O4samples confirmed the formation of Hausmannite structure without any other impurities. By increasing of dopant content in the structure of Mn3O4, a small shift towards lower diffraction angles and a decreased intensity of the peaks in XRD patterns were detected validating the incorporation of dopant ions. Finally, methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution as an organic pollutant was used to study the photocatalytic performance of synthesized photocatalysts. Regarding the results, Mn(3-x) SmxO4 (x= 0.02)/Zeolite 4A nanocomposite and Mn(3-x) ZrxO4 (x= 0.1) nanoparticles exhibited the remarkable photocatalytic efficiency of 95. 5% and 98.4% in MB degradation process, respectively.
Is Restoration of Hip Center Mandatory for Total Hip Arthroplasty of Protrusio Acetabuli?
Authors: Lee Beom Seok , Kim Hong Seok , Park Jung Wee , Kwon O Sang , Lee Young-Kyun , Ha Yong-Chan , Koo Kyung-Hoi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: While initial fixation by a press-fit of the acetabular cup is essential for the durability of the component, restoration of the hip center has been known as an attributable factor for implant survival and successful outcome. In protrusio acetabuli (PA), it might be difficult to obtain both restoration of the hip center and the press-fit of the acetabular cup simultaneously during total hip arthroplasty (THA). We tested a hypothesis that medialized cup, if press-fitted, does not compromise the implant stability and outcome after cementless THA of PA. Methods: We reviewed 27 cementless THAs of 23 patients with PA. During THA, we prioritized press-fit of the cup than the hip center restoration. A press-fit was obtained in 24 hips. In the remaining 3 hips, a press-fit could not be obtained, and reinforcement acetabular components were used. The hip center was restored in 18 cups; 15 primary cups and 3 reinforcement components, while it was medialized in 9 cups. We compared implant stability and modified Harris hip score (mHHS) between the 2 groups at a mean of 5.2 (2-16) year follow-up. Results: One restored reinforcement cup was loose. The remaining 26 cups; 17 restored cups and 9 medialized press-fitted cups, remained stable. The final mHHS was similar between the restored group and the medialized group (81.8 ± 10.8 vs 83.6 ± 12.1, p = 0.498). Conclusions: Press-fitted cups, irrespective of hip center restoration, rendered implant stability and favorable results. Initial fixation of the cup is more important than the restoration of hip center.
Characterization of rhinovirus/enterovirus complex infection in children living at high altitudes: A cross sectional study
Authors: Jaime Fernández-Sarmiento , Catalina Corrales Silvia , Evelyn Obando , Jennifer Amin , Goyes Alirio Bastidas , Barrera Pedro A , Ortiz Nicolás Bernal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory tract infections caused by the rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) complex have traditionally been considered to be minor, self-limited infections in children, with few complications. There are no previous studies of patients living at high altitudes that characterize severe cases of this infection.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including patients from 1 month to 18 years old who had been hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections between October 2015 and December 2019, and had had a viral panel with RT-PCR during their hospitalization.Results: During the study period, 645 RT-PCRs were performed, with the two main etiological agents identified being RV/EV (224) and respiratory syncytial virus (68). The median age of patients with RV/EV complex was 27 months (IQR: 8-70), 55.8% were boys and the average length of hospital stay was 12 days (IQR: 6-24). Severe RV/EV complex infections required more transfers to intensive care (11% vs 47%), showed more viral coinfection (OR: 2.13,95%, 95%CI: 1.42-4.64) and had less bacterial coinfection (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.98) than RSV infections, with no difference in mortality ( 2.4% vs. 2.1%, P:0.09). Post-transplant patients (OR: 3.35, 95%CI: 1.10-11.34) and those with comorbidities (OR: 3.97, 95%CI: 2.23-7.08) had the highest risk of RV/EV infection. The RV/EV group had a higher risk of presenting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 1.07-12:18), especially in premature infants (p: 0.05; exp (B), 2.99; 95%CI= 1.01-8.82), those with heart disease (p: 0.047; exp(B), 2.99; 95%CI = 1.01-8.82) and those with inborn errors of metabolism (p: 0.032; exp (B), 5-01; 95%CI= 1.15-21.81). Conclusions: Respiratory infection due to RV/EV in children who live at high altitudes can frequently be severe, requiring management with intensive care therapy. When compared to RSV, this complex is more frequently associated with viral coinfection and the development of ARDS, especially in risk groups such as those with prematurity, heart disease or inborn errors of metabolism. It is important to see RV / EV as a virus that can have an unsatisfactory course as or more severe than that of other viruses that affect the respiratory tract in children.
Sexual Contact Patterns in High-income Countries - A Comparative Analysis Using Data From Germany, The UK, and The US
Authors: Tomori Damilola Victoria , Horn Johannes , Rübsamen Nicole , Bardenhorst Sven Kleine , Jaeger Veronika K , Karch André , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sexual contact patterns determine the spread of sexually transmitted infections, and are a central input parameter for mathematical models in this field. We evaluated the importance of country-specific contact pattern parametrization for high-income countries with similar cultural backgrounds by deriving estimates for sexual contact patterns in Germany from two independent studies (HaBIDS and SBG), and comparing them to data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) in the UK, and the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) in the US. UK and US participants reported a substantially higher number of lifetime opposite-sex sexual partners compared to both German studies. The difference in lifetime partners was caused by a higher proportion of individuals with many partners in the young age group (< 24 years) in the UK and the US. Partner acquisition in older age groups was similar. The number of same-sex partners was similar across the countries, while there was heterogeneity in the reported experience with partners from both sexes, consistent with the differences observed for opposite-sex sexual partners. These patterns can lead to substantially different dynamics of sexually transmitted infections across age, and have strong impact on the results of modelling studies.