bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Allamanda Cathartica L. Dalam Membasmi Jentik Nyamuk
Authors: Arfiani Nur  , Ummy Yatul Jannah  , Subakhir Salnus  
Published: January 2021

Penularan vektor nyamuk menimbulkan tiga akibat yaitu ; kesakitan, kecacatan dan kematian. Salah satu cara memutuskan rantai vektor ini, dengan menggunakan larvasida alami yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan tanaman. Manfaat tanaman Allamanda yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida alami karena mengandung beberapa senyawa kimia terutama alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap mortalitas jentik nyamuk. Jentik nyamuk meliputi Aedes, Culex dan Anopheles. Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak daun Allamanda dalam membasmi jentik nyamuk. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian ini adalah observasi laboratorik yang bersifat deskriptif dan tipe penelitian post test-only non equivalent control group group yakni dengan menganalisa keefektifan ekstrak daun allamanda terhadap mortalitas jentik nyamuk, dengan menggunakan daun Allamanda cathartica L. yang di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi kemudian dibagi menjadi konsentrasi 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%.Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat jentik nyamuk Aedes sp dan Culex sp yang mati pada setiap konsentrasi, semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin banyak jentik nyamuk yang mati. Ekstrak daun Allamanda memiliki pengaruh terhadap mortalitas jentik nyamuk dengan konsentrasi tinggi lebih efektif dalam membunuh jentik nyamuk. Dimana konsentrasi ekstrak daun berbanding lurus dengan kematian yang dihasilkan.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Daun Allamanda, Mortalitas, Jentik Nyamuk
Patterns of Peer Tutoring in Nursing
Authors: Blowers Sally , Ramsey Priscilla , Merriman Carolyn , Grooms Janelle 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Peer tutoring in higher education is an effective strategy for promoting academic gains. Within nursing, peer tutoring has been used in the clinical setting, but little information is available regarding its use across the nursing curriculum. A peer tutoring program was created at a regional Appalachian university to meet the needs of students with poor academic backgrounds and multiple risk factors for failure. As the program naturally evolved, students moved beyond the time-honored one-on-one model. Many tutoring patterns developed including dyad, small group, large group, skill based, assignment based, and question based. Qualitative evaluation data from the program revealed that each pattern required different tutor skills, involved varied tutor-tutoree relationships, focused on diiferent outcomes, and had certain advantages and disadvantages. All tutoring patterns contributed to improved academic skills and performance.
Une information en plusieurs langues : vers une compétence informationnelle plurilingue
Authors: Venaille Caroline , Perea Encarnación Carrasco 
Published: January 2021

Recevoir un contenu multimédia sur le web, considéré comme un espace d'information mondial, se caractérise par un paradoxe inhérent. La plupart du temps, l'accessibilité à l'information n'est pas pleinement exploitée. Face à l'abondance d'informations, moteurs de recherches et réseaux sociaux proposent aux usagers-lecteurs une sélection algorithmique de contenus adaptés à leur profil numérique (langue, géolocalisation, territoire, centre d'intérêts, etc.). Notre recherche qualitative renforcée par des données quantitatives se concentre sur trois aspects de la médiation : la réception, la production et l'intercompréhension. L'enquête ici présentée a été menée auprès de lecteurs, professionnels de l'information, en formation initiale ou continue, travaillant dans le sud de l'Europe, en Sardaigne ou en Catalogne.Cette étude recense ainsi les stratégies d'intercompréhension à fort potentiel informationnel et éducatif. Sur ces territoires où plusieurs langues sont en contact, la lecture en plusieurs langues favorise la comparaison et la confrontation d'informations différentes sur le plan culturel, politique et social. La connaissance de ces stratégies permet aux médiateurs, aux enseignants ou aux journalistes, de développer une compétence informationnelle plurilingue vis-à-vis des apprenants ou des récepteurs considérés comme des citoyens lecteurs. En devenant un "chercheur plurilingue" au lieu d'un "consommateur multilingue", les lecteurs numériques disposeraient de tous les outils nécessaires pour transformer les informations en connaissances.
CTLA4-Ig–Based Bifunctional Costimulation Inhibitor Blocks CD28 and ICOS Signaling to Prevent T Cell Priming and Effector Function
Authors: Goenka Radhika , Xu Zhenghai , Samayoa Josue , Banach David , Beam Christine , Bose Sahana , Dooner Gerri , Forsyth Charles M. , Lu Xiaoqing , Medina Limary , Sadhukhan Ramkrishna , Sielaff Bernhard , Sousa Silvino , Tao Qingfeng , Touw Debra , Wu Fei , Kingsbury Gillian A. , Akamatsu Yoshiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
CTLA4-Ig/abatacept dampens activation of naive T cells by blocking costimulation via CD28. It is an approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis but failed to deliver efficacy in a number of other autoimmune diseases. One explanation is that activated T cells rely less on CD28 signaling and use alternate coreceptors for effector function. ICOS is critical for activation of T-dependent humoral immune responses, which drives pathophysiology of IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. In this study, we asked whether CD28 and ICOS play nonredundant roles for maintenance of T-dependent responses in mouse models. Using a hapten–protein immunization model, we show that during an ongoing germinal center response, combination treatment with CTLA4-Ig and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) blocking Ab completely dissolves ongoing germinal center responses, whereas single agents show only partial activity. Next, we took two approaches to engineer a therapeutic molecule that blocks both pathways. First, we engineered CTLA4-Ig to enhance binding to ICOSL while retaining affinity to CD80/CD86. Using a library approach, binding affinity of CTLA4-Ig to human ICOSL was increased significantly from undetectable to 15–42 nM; however, the affinity was still insufficient to completely block binding of ICOSL to ICOS. Second, we designed a bispecific costimulation inhibitor with high-affinity CTLA4 extracellular domains fused to anti-ICOSL Ab termed bifunctional costimulation inhibitor. With this bispecific approach, we achieved complete inhibition of CD80 and CD86 binding to CD28 as well as ICOS binding to ICOSL. Such bispecific molecules may provide greater therapeutic benefit in IgG-mediated inflammatory diseases compared with CTLA4-Ig alone.
Evaluation de l’état trophique des eaux du complexe lagunaire côtier du Sud-Ouest Bénin en période de hautes eaux (de Togbin à l’Embouchure Mono)
Authors: Bocodaho O. B. M. Lucinde , Chouti Waris Kéwouyèmi , Dedjiho Comlan Achille , Mama Daouda 
Published: January 2021

Les lagunes servent de tanières pour un grand nombre d’espèces aquatiques et constituent de ce fait des richesses à entretenir. Malheureusement, la lagune côtière du Bénin fait face à un déséquilibre écologique qui se manifeste par une croissance excessive des végétaux aquatiques. En vue de caractériser l’état trophique de la lagune, une campagne d’échantillonnage a été effectuée en période de hautes eaux sur onze points représentatifs. La méthodologie de dosage au spectrophotomètre a été adoptée pour mettre en évidence les paramètres de diagnostic de pollution. Les analyses signalent de fortes concentrations en phosphore (28,75 mg/L) et en nitrites (10 mg/L) dans les eaux de la lagune. La lagune se trouve alors dans un état d’hyper-eutrophisation selon la grille de qualité établie par Ifremer. Le non-respect des mesures de protection des plans d’eau et la mauvaise gestion des déchets ménagers et des eaux usées entraînent la prolifération des nutriments responsables de l’eutrophisation de la lagune côtière. Vu l’ampleur de la pollution mise en relief par cette étude, l’institution d’un programme de surveillance s’avère indispensable afin de veiller au maintien de la qualité écologique des écosystèmes aquatiques en République du Bénin.Mots clés : Lagune côtière, eutrophisation, nutriments, pollution.
English Title: Assessment of the trophic state of the waters of the coastal lagoon complex of Southwest Benin during high water periods (from Togbin to Mono Mouth)The lagoons serve as places of residence for several aquatic species and therefore constitute riches to be properly maintained. Unfortunately, the coastal lagoon of Benin faces an ecological imbalance visibly manifested by an excessive growth of aquatic plants. In order to characterize the trophic state of the lagoon, a sampling campaign was carried out during high water periods according to eleven representative points. The spectrophotometer assay methodology was adopted to highlight the pollution diagnostic parameters. Analyzes report high concentrations of phosphorus (28.75 mg/L) and nitrites (10 mg/L) in lagoon waters. The lagoon is then in an enlarged state according to the quality grid established by Ifremer. Failure to comply with measures to protect water bodies and poor management of household waste and wastewater lead to the proliferation of nutrients responsible for eutrophication within the coastal lagoon. Given the magnitude of the pollution highlighted by this study, the implementation of a monitoring program is essential in order to ensure the maintenance of the ecological quality of aquatic ecosystems in the Republic of Benin.Keywords: Coastal lagoon, eutrophication, nutrients, pollution.
Modélisation mathématique du séchage dans un four (air chaud) de tranches de mangue (Mangiféra indica L.)
Authors: Abouo N’guessan Verdier , Fofana Alhassane , N’guessan Yevi Delphine , Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

Ce travail vise à étudier le séchage de la mangue à différentes épaisseurs et températures en vue de valorisation. Les expériences ont été menées à partir d’une matrice factorielle par la méthode gravimétrique statique. Les valeurs expérimentales ont été ajustées à huit modèles empiriques par la méthode du gradient afin d’estimer les paramètres et coefficients des modèles. Les critères statistiques que sont le R², l’erreur quadratique moyenne (EQM) et le χ² ont servi à justifier le choix du modèle de séchage. Le séchage a duré 16-18 ; 23-27 et 29-33 minutes respectivement aux températures 60, 50 et 40°C pour les épaisseurs 1,5 et 1 cm. Le modèle logarithmique est retenu et présente les valeurs du R² (0,9984 ; 0,9984 ; 0,9981 ; 0,9987 ; 0,9988 ; 0,9985) les plus élevées et les plus faibles valeurs de χ² (2,43 e-07 ; 1,58 e-07 ; 1,25 e-06 ; 2,02 e-07 ; 4,56 e-06 et 1,37 e-06) et EQM (2,42 e-04 ; 1,95 e-07 ; 5,47 e-04 ; 2,20 e-04 ; 0,0010 et 5,69 e-04). Le coefficient de diffusion varie de 8,615 e-09 à 9,155 e-09 m² / s et dépend fortement de la température de séchage. L’énergie d’activation est estimée entre 22,430 – 25,358 KJ / mol.Mots clés : Séchage, mangue, modèle, coefficient de diffusion, énergie d’activation.

English Title: Mathematical modeling of the drying in an oven (hot air) of slices of mango (Mangifera indica L.)This work aims to study the drying of mango at different thicknesses and temperatures a view to valorization. The experiments were carried out from a factor matrix by the static gravimetric method. The experimental values were fitted to eight empirical models by the gradient method in order to estimate the parameters and coefficients of the models. The statistical criteria of R², mean square error (MSE) and χ² were used to justify the choice of the drying model. Drying lasted 16-18; 23-27 and 29-33 minutes respectively at temperatures 60, 50 and 40 °C for thicknesses 1.5 and 1 cm. The logarithmic model is retained and presents the highest values of R² (0.9984; 0.9984; 0.9981; 0.9987; 0.9988; 0.9985) and the lowest values of χ² (2.43 e-07; 1.58 e-07; 1.25 e-06; 2.02 e-07; 4.56 e-06 and 1.37 e-06) and MSE (2.42 e-04; 1.95 e-07; 5.47 e-04; 2.20 e-04; 0.0010 and 5.69 e-04). The diffusion coefficient varies from 8.615 e-09 to 9.155 e-09 m² / s and strongly depends on the drying temperature. The activation energy is estimated to be 22.430 - 25.358 KJ / mol.Keywords : Drying, mango, models, diffusion coefficient, activation energy.
Compaction and Tableting Behavior of a Novel Co-Processed Excipient in the Formulation of Metoprolol Succinate Tablets
Authors: Okunlola A. , Gbadamosi T. A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Pregelatinized starches exhibit good swelling and flow properties, imparting fast disintegration time but low mechanical strength in tablets. On the other hand, acacia gum acts as a binder in tablets by imparting high mechanical strength but prolonged disintegration time. Development of a co-processed excipient involving combination of the two excipients at sub-particle level will improve the functionality of the final product.Objective: To develop a direct compressible co-processed excipient with pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and to evaluate its compaction behavior and tableting properties in metoprolol succinate tablets.Material and Methods: Batches of the co-processed excipient were prepared by co-fusion using different ratios (97.5:2.5; 95:5; 92.5:7.5; 90:10; 85:15; 80:20) of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum. Flow and compaction properties and Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis were carried out on native and pregelatinized starches and on the co-processed excipients. Metoprolol succinate tablets were formulated by direct compression using selected batches of co-processed excipients, pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and then evaluated for mechanical strength and drug release.Results: Pregelatinization produced starch with larger granules (138.75±59.21μm), improved swelling (2.03±0.00) and flow (flow rate 0.52±0.03g/s). The FTIR analysis of the co-processed excipients confirmed absence of chemical interaction. Flow properties, compressibility (Kawakita value, a = 0.190 – 0.223) and rate of packing (Consolidation rate, K = 0.1221 – 0.2551) of the co-processed excipients were enhanced. Metoprolol succinate tablets containing the co-processed excipients had higher mechanical strength (Crushing strength 106.03±15.80 MNm-2) than those containing starch alone but faster drug release (disintegration time 1.80 ±0.20 -5.75±0.25; dissolution time; t80 30-50 min) than those containing acacia gum. Cocoyam starch: acacia gum ratio 97.5:2.5 gave the optimum formulation with high crushing strength (106.03 ± 15.8MNm-2) and fast release (t80 = 30 min).Conclusion: Co-processed excipients of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum could serve as suitable alternatives to other directly-compressible excipients for the formulation of tablets.
Keywords: Acacia gum, Cocoyam starch, Compaction properties, Co-processing, Metoprolol
Effects of Bacillus subtilis on performance, immune system and gut in Salmonella-challenged broilers
Authors: Sikandar A. , Zaneb H. , Nasir A. , Adil M. , Ali H.M. , Muhammad N. , Rehman T. , Rehman A. , Rehman H.F 
Published: January 2021

The goal of this study was to compare the effects of Bacillus subtilis and the antibiotic enrofloxacin on growth performance, immune response, intestinal histomorphometry and cecal Salmonella numbers in broilers challenged with S. gallinarum. Salmonella-free chicks (n = 240) were allocated to four groups, comprising six replicates (n = 10) each. Group NN was not infected and received no treatment. Group SN was infected with Salmonella and received no treatment. Group SE was infected with Salmonella and treated with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. Group SP was infected with Salmonella and treated orally with the probiotic B. subtilis. Initially the groups that were infected with Salmonella had reduced growth performance compared with NN. By the fourth week, SE and SP had recovered and weighed as much as or more than NN. The SP group had greater cellular immunity and relative weights of the bursa and thymus than the other groups. SN had the lowest villus height in all the segments of the small intestine and a larger Salmonella population in the ceca. Probiotic supplementation reduced the pathological outcomes more than enrofloxacin. Prophylactic use of B. subtilis-type probiotics had similar effects to the use of antibiotics, alleviated the stress related to infection of S. gallinarum, and improved the growth performance, immune function, and gut mucosal development in broilers.
Keywords: growth promoters, immunity, probiotics, poultry villi length
Mathematical models describing disappearance of Lucerne hay in the rumen using the nylon bag technique
Authors: Palangi V. , Macit M. , Bayat A.R. 
Published: January 2021

It is essential to study the dynamics of rumen degradation of feeds before their potential use in formulating diets for ruminants. Various mathematical models have been developed to describe this degradation. The non-lagged exponential model (Model I), the lagged exponential model (Model II), the Gompertz model (Model III), and the generalized Mitscherlich model (Model IV) were examined using two alternative software (SAS and MATLAB) to determine their efficacy in accounting for variation in ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of lucerne hay from three cuttings. All models described DM degradability well (R2 >0.98). Only Models I and II converged when fitted to CP degradability data (R2 >0.98). It was concluded that any of these models could be used to describe the degradation of DM, whereas only Models I and II could be used to describe the degradation of CP from three cuttings of Lucerne hay. All the models that were fitted to the DM degradation data performed reasonably well, with only minor differences in goodness of fit. However, these models differed in values of the parameter estimates. Additionally, SAS failed to converge in the analyses of CP with Models III and IV, and MATLAB converged to nonsensical values with Model III. Model I might be recommended because it fitted the data well and required estimates of the fewest parameters
Keywords: alfalfa hay, in situ digestion, model selection, nonlinear regression
La figura del Ombudsman español y la garantía institucional de la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres
Authors: Macías Jara María 
Published: January 2021

El trasfondo del concepto de género viene ya de algunos siglos atrás, cuando François Poullain de la Barre advirtiera, en el año 1673, que “la subordinación de las mujeres no tenía su origen en la naturaleza, sino en la sociedad y que la diferencia no es fundamento de la desigualdad” (Poullain de la Barre, 1673). Y, Mary Wollstonecraft cuando declaró, en 1792, que “la sujeción de las mujeres no era el resultado de una naturaleza inferior a la masculina, sino de perjuicios y tradiciones que se remontaban a la noche de los tiempos” (Wollstonecraft, 1977).A pesar del tiempo transcurrido, sendas declaraciones tienen una viva actualidad, pues aun en la configuración de los Estados democráticos contemporáneos, es latente la desigualdad de hombres y mujeres. Hoy, la discriminación continúa teniendo su escusa -que no causa- en el sexo pero la razón de que se dé reside en el género o en la diferencia social entre el género femenino y el género masculino. La inclusión de ambos géneros es necesaria en la lucha por la igualdad ya que la igualdad de género no es un concepto asociado a las mujeres, sino una cuestión que ha de afectar y beneficiar a hombres y a mujeres en aras de la eliminación de la discriminación y la voluntad de un nuevo pacto.
En la erradicación de esta discriminación ha sido imprescindible comprender el significado del género como categoría de análisis jurídico. Su observancia por los poderes públicos en todas sus acciones, disposiciones normativas y políticas, hará posible la efectividad de la igualdad. De este modo, las Instituciones garantes de los derechos, como las Defensorías del pueblo, han de supervisar la acción pública a fin de velar por la efectividad de los derechos que garantiza e incorporar en sus acciones la perspectiva de género o principio feminista. Es por ello, que en la configuración actual de los Estados, se hace preciso dar prioridad a la aplicación transversal del principio feminista o de igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres para elaborar un renovado proyecto social, de convivencia y de construcción efectiva de la libertad en igualdad que revierta en la calidad de las democracias y de los Estados sociales de Derecho, como el español.
Espacios, relaciones y significados del sexo anónimo entre varones en México. Figuraciones entre lo alternativo a lo normativizado
Authors: Sánchez Domínguez Luis Arturo 
Published: January 2021

En este texto se presentan y analizan algunos espacios, relaciones y significados del sexo anónimo entre varones en México, particularmente de su ciudad capital. El objetivo no solo es descriptivo, sino analítico, tratando de entender cómo pueden coexistir dos significados en apariencia contradictorios: por un lado, la alternativa transgresora de las normas morales y sexuales; y por el otro, el cómo se reafirma con ellas un orden heteronormativo, en donde placer y poder se hacen presentes en formas de dominación, abuso, discriminación o transgresión. Se trata de una interpretación de esta práctica desde las consideraciones sociales, la historia local y la subjetividad individual, que no pretende mostrar un significado detrás del sexo anónimo de los hombres homosexuales en México, sino reflexionar sobre precisamente, el complejo universo de significados que lo determinan.
Se pretende contribuir con la discusión del tema, aportando datos y experiencias de investigación, en donde es necesario replantear el llamado “modelo dominante de la comprensión del homoerotismo entre varones” (Véase Núñez Noriega, 2001), pues no se trata de un fenómeno único o idéntico, sino de uno con gran variedad de posibles lugares de encuentro, muy diversas prácticas entre sujetos también diversos, que interactúan bajo referentes o imaginarios igualmente variados, pero que en conjunto, crean o recrean interpretaciones compartidas. Bajo esta perspectiva dinámica de la significación, retomaré el concepto de “figuraciones” propuesto por Norbert Elías (1999), para destacar los procesos que están detrás de esta práctica.