bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equation of State Independent Determination on the Radius of a 1.4 M⊙ Neutron Star Using Mass–Radius Measurements
Authors: Huang Chun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Traditional methods for determining the radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star (R
1.4) rely on specific equation-of-state (EOS) models that describe various types of dense nuclear matter. This dependence on EOS models can introduce substantial systematic uncertainties, which may exceed the measurement uncertainties when constraining R
1.4. In this study, we explore a novel approach to constraining R
1.4 using data from Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer observations of PSR J0030+0451 (J0030) and PSR J0437-4715 (J0437). However, this work presents a more data-driven analysis framework, substantially decreasing the need for EOS assumptions. By analyzing the mass–radius measurements of these two neutron stars, we infer R
1.4 using statistical methods based mostly on observational data. We examine various hotspot configurations for J0030, along with new J0437 observations, and their effects on the inferred radius. Our results are consistent with X-ray timing, gravitational-wave, and nuclear physics constraints, while avoiding EOS-related biases. The same method has also been applied to a simulated mass–radius data set, based on our knowledge of future X-ray telescopes, demonstrating the model's ability to recover the injected R
1.4 value in certain cases. This method provides a data-driven pathway for extracting neutron star properties and offers a new approach for future observational efforts in neutron star astrophysics.
A survey of Hersilia spiders (Araneae, Hersiliidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Chengwen , Lu Qianle , Lin Yejie 
Published: December 2024

Hersilia Audouin, 1826 is the largest genus of the Hersiliidae Thorell, 1869, currently including 80 extant species that are widespread throughout most of forests of the Tropical realm. The tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna is one of the most biodiversity-rich regions in China. However, Hersilia can be regarded as being poorly represented in Xishuangbanna, with only two recorded species so far.
A survey was undertaken to study the hersiliids in Xishuangbanna. A total of four species are here addressed, raising from two to four the number of species of the genus Hersilia known to the area: H. striata Wang & Yin, 1985 and H. lelabah Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 that were recorded previously and H. asiatica Song & Zheng, 1982 (as well as the new record from Yunnan) and H. sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) that are recorded for the first time. Hersilia lelabah is re-described, based on new materials and the male is described and illustrated for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations for both sexes of H. lelabah are provided. The distribution map of these four species in Xishuangbanna is given.
The muscle hypothesis of shortness of breath in patients with cachexia
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Shahzeb Khan Muhammed , Arshad Khan Laibah , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Volterrani Maurizio , Lainscak Mitja , Ponikowski Piotr , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: December 2024

Cachexia is a major contributor to dyspnea (shortness of breath), particularly in conditions like heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a prevalence of up to 100%, but also develops frequently in patients with chronic kidney disease (circa 60%) as well as in advanced cancer with an estimated prevalence of about 50% in patients in palliative care settings. In all conditions muscle wasting impacts respiratory function and exercise capacity. The muscle hypothesis of the development of shortness of breath in cachexia presented here provides a pathophysiological framework for understanding muscle wasting induced dyspnea. Persistent systemic inflammation, elevated cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, and hormonal imbalances like insulin resistance drive a catabolic state, resulting in skeletal muscle myopathy and respiratory muscle fatigue. This contributes to hyperactivation of the metabo-ergoreflex, a cardiorespiratory reflex involving mechanoreceptors and metaboreceptors. The hyperactive reflex increases ventilatory drive, exacerbating dyspnea, and triggers sympathetic excitation, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced peripheral blood flow. These mechanisms create a feedback loop of worsening myopathy, reduced exercise tolerance, and heightened breathlessness. In specific diseases, cachexia-related muscle wasting amplifies dyspnea through disease-specific mechanisms. In advanced cancer, dyspnea affects up to 80% of patients and is often caused by respiratory muscle fatigue, independent of cardiopulmonary pathology in 24% of cases. In heart failure, muscle wasting worsens dyspnea beyond reduced cardiac output and pulmonary congestion, with mortality increasing by 50% within 18 months in cardiac cachexia. COPD cachexia impairs respiratory muscles, independently predicting mortality beyond airflow obstruction. Current management of cachexia includes nutritional support, physical activity, pharmacological agents, and experimental therapies targeting inflammation, cytokines, and anabolic pathways. Despite these efforts, cachexia remains largely irreversible. Future directions include precision diagnostics leveraging artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating its devastating impacts on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.
Advanced cancer as a heart failure like syndrome due to cardiac wasting cardiomyopathy: facts and numbers
Authors: Shahzeb Khan Muhammad , Butler Javed , Arshad Khan Laibah , Anker Markus S. 
Published: December 2024

Cancer remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with nearly 20 million new cases and 9.7 million deaths reported in 2022. Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in cancer patients, accounting for over 40% of fatalities. While the field of cardio-oncology has greatly focused on mitigating cardiotoxicity from cancer therapies, mounting evidence suggests that cancer itself induces significant cardiovascular dysfunction. Treatment-naïve cancer patients often have impaired left ventricular ejection fraction, reduced exercise capacity, lean mass loss, and altered heart rate variability. Patients with advanced cancer, who often face symptoms resembling heart failure, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and muscle wasting, also exhibit structural and functional cardiac alterations. Cachexia, prevalent in 50–80% of advanced cancer cases, contributes to cardiac wasting characterized by ventricular thinning, fibrosis, and loss of myocardial mass. Studies reveal significant reductions in left ventricular mass, left and right atrial volumes, and myocardial wall thickness in cancer patients, with these structural abnormalities linked to declines in physical performance and quality of life. Echocardiographic analysis revealed a significant reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass by 25% and 28% in cancer patients with and without cachexia, respectively. During on average 4 months of follow-up, 90 patients with cancer lost on average 9.3% of LV mass, and 44% of these patients lost >10% of LV mass. Loss of LV mass >10% may be a new way to define cardio-toxicity and presence of cardiac wasting cardiomyopathy. Wasting of the heart was independently associated with poor prognosis, but only when raw data or adjustments for height were used, but not when body surface area adjustment was applied. Body surface area contains body weight and is hence not useful in a setting of whole body cachexia. Proposed mechanisms for cardiac wasting in cancer include cancer-induced pro-thrombotic states, oxidative stress, local hypoxia, disordered neovascularization, and direct myocardial injury from oncometabolites. Preclinical studies highlight the potential of heart failure therapies, such as beta-blockers (e.g., bisoprolol) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (e.g., spironolactone), in mitigating cardiac wasting and improving survival in cancer. These drugs reduce ventricular mass loss, attenuate cardiac dysfunction, and enhance survival outcomes. Given the strong parallels between advanced cancer and heart failure syndromes, clinical trials are urgently needed to explore the benefits of heart failure therapies in cancer patients. Such interventions may offer both clinically meaningful symptomatic relief and quality of life benefits, reshaping the approach to cardio-oncology care.
Comparison of the Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Rotator Cuff Repair – A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sane Shahryar , Mahoori Alireza , Tabrizi Ali , Koohsoltani Hamed 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Shoulder rotator cuff repair postoperative pain management is more critical than orthopedic surgeries in other limbs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for postoperative pain management.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 patients aged 20 to 60 with ASA I and II who were candidates for elective shoulder rotator cuff repair. Forty candidates in the control group received 0.1% bupivacaine intra-articular and extra-articular before surgical wound closure, and 40 patients in the intervention group received 0.1% bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg intra-articular and extra-articular. Postoperative sleep disturbance and pain intensity were measured at recovery, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, and a P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the hemodynamic variations (P > 0.05), except 4 hours after surgery when the mean arterial pressure in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.026). There was a significant reduction in pain scores at 8 and 12 hours after surgery in the intervention group. The night after surgery, sleep quality and the overall RCSQ score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.

Conclusion:
Administering 0.1% bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg intra-articular and extra-articular before surgical wound closure effectively reduced the pain intensity and analgesic consumption. Also, it maintained patients’ hemodynamic stability and enhanced sleep quality without significant adverse effects.
The Effect of Povidone Iodine Combined with Sodium Bicarbonate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the Antagonism and Synergism
Authors: Hamid Baqer Hazim , Saadoun Safa Abbas , Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Povidone iodine (PVP-I) has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Also, sodium bicarbonate (SBC) was used as antibacterial agent due to its ability to alter the pH of the bacterial environment that lead to cell death. So evaluation of the antibacterial activity of PVP-I and SBC combination as a modified disinfectant may be useful by detecting the possible synergism or antagonism.

Material and Methods:
A total of 30 samples (15 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 15 isolates of Escherichia coli) were investigated in this study. For preparation of 5% SBC, 5 gm of SBCs powder was dissolved in 100 mL of 7.5% PVP-I solution. The solution was mixed well and used directly on bacteria. Antibacterial activities of PVP-I alone and combination of PVP-I and SBC against bacteria were evaluated using the well diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar.

Results:
The study showed that from a total of 30 bacterial isolates, 24 (80%) were sensitive to PVP-I alone, whereas 17 (56.6%) were sensitive to PVP-I and 5% SBC combination. From a total of 15 isolated S. aureus samples, 10 (67%) were sensitive to PVP-I alone, while the sensitivity decreased to 4 (27%) when combined with PVP-I and SBC. From a total of 15 isolated E. coli, 14 (93%) were sensitive to PVP-I alone, while sensitivity reduced to 13 (87%) with the PVP-I and SBC combination. The mean comparison of the inhibition zone of PVP-I for E. coli was 20.47 ± 3.92 mm higher than that of the inhibition zone of S. aureus (13.47 ± 3.09 mm) with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
We have found that E. coli is more sensitive to PVP-I than S. aureus. SBC inhibits the effect of PVP-I. This antagonism may be due to the neutralizing of the pH of these agents that play an important role in antimicrobial activity.
Growth patterns and characteristics of cardiac pediatric patients attending Assiut University Children’s Hospital and Sidi Galal Health Insurance Clinic
Authors: Ali Safaa A.M. , Mahran Dalia G. , Raafat Duaa M. , ElGyar Noha 
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, and it is one of the most debilitating diseases that affect physical growth disorders in children.

Aim
This study aims to assess growth patterns and identify probable risk factors in children with CHD.

Patients and methods
A case series study included 150 pediatric patients with CHD. The study comprised patients who visited Assiut University Children’s Hospital from July 2023 to February 2024. A personal interview questionnaire was used, which included sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal history, feeding history, type of CHD, and anthropometric measurements.

Results
The noncyanotic group exhibited low weight for height/length and low height/length for age (P=0.028 and 0.003), whereas the cyanotic group only showed low weight for height/length (P=0.007). For the noncyanotic group, higher maternal age (P=0.023), multiparity (P=0.026), and delayed diagnosis of cardiac disease (P=0.005) could be risk factors for malnutrition, while vaginal delivery (P=0.034) and delayed physical development (P=0.034) could be risk factors for malnutrition in the cyanotic group.

Conclusion
Patients with noncyanotic cardiac lesions could suffer from acute or chronic malnutrition, while cyanotic lesions could suffer mainly from chronic malnutrition.
Assessment of proteinuria by urine dipstick as a predictive marker for dengue hemorrhagic fever in pediatric patients
Authors: Jarutunyaluk Pornchanun , Pradermdussadeeporn Ekachai , Chaya Weerapong , Tangnararatchakit Kanchana , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To investigate whether urinary dipstick proteinuria or urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) could predict leakage in children with dengue virus infection.

Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 141 hospitalized patients with confirmed dengue virus infection were enrolled from three hospitals in Thailand. Once daily, complete blood count, serum albumin, and random morning urine dipstick protein were collected from the day of admission to the day after defervescence. Morning UPCR was only measured in patients from one hospital due to logistic reasons.

Results:
There were 81 and 60 patients in the dengue fever (DF) and DHF groups, respectively. The proportion of patients with proteinuria detected using urine dipstick in the DHF group was higher than that in the DF group from Day-1 (one day before defervescence) to Day +1 (one day after defervescence). Urine dipstick for proteinuria of ≥1+ had sensitivity and specificity of 12.8% and 94.4% on Day-1, and 18.9% and 98.6% on Day 0 (the day of defervescence) to differentiate DHF from DF. For UPCR, cut-off values of approximately 0.2 g/g from Day-2 to Day+1 yielded a sensitivity of 71.6%-94.4% and a specificity of 55.6%-100% in differentiating between DF and DHF.

Conclusions:
Dipstick proteinuria of ≥1+ on Day-1 to Day+1 after defervescence had poor sensitivity but good specificity in differentiating DHF from DF. UPCR performed better but was less convenient and more expensive than urine dipsticks.
Anti-DENV-ED3 antibody cross-talks generate immune interference among the four DENVs
Authors: Islam Md. Din , Yesmin Sanjida , Sharmin Tahmina , Khan Md. Ayoub , Kuroda Yutaka , Islam M. Monirul 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of primary anti-dengue virus envelop protein domain 3 (DENV-ED3) antibodies on secondary heterotypic anti-DENV ED3 antibody responses and the status of anti-DENV antibody responses against multivalent DENV ED3s in mice.

Methods:
Four different DENV-ED3s were purified and their biophysical characteristics were confirmed. Swiss albino mice aged 3-4 weeks were immunized with four different DENV-ED3s and the anti-ED3 IgG responses were determined by ELISA.

Results:
Firstly, the primary 1ED3-2ED3-3ED3 cross-reactive anti-DENV1 ED3 response boosted the secondary anti-2ED3 and anti-3ED3 antibody responses. In contrast, primary anti-2ED3 and anti-3ED3 antibodies neither had cross-recognition of 1ED3, nor had any effect on secondary anti-1ED3 response. Besides, the strict serospecificity of the anti-4ED3 sera did not affect other secondary anti-DENV ED3 responses. Secondly, 1ED3, 2ED3, and 3ED3 were co-dominantly immunogenic in trivalent ED3 formulations. However, the poorly immunogenic 4ED3 became almost non-immunogenic when injected after or together with 2ED3 and 3ED3, but showed slightly increased immunogenicity when injected with 1ED3, suggesting an adjuvanticity of 1ED3 on 4ED3’s immunogenicity.

Conclusions:
Although DENV1~4 ED3s share similar sequence homologies and structures, their immune induction potentials differ significantly in terms of immune magnitude, sero-specificity, and sero-cross-reactivity. Such intrinsic features of DENV1~4 ED3s may lead to ‘antigen interference’, limiting both the understanding of dengue etiology and the success of dengue vaccine development, which needs to neutralize all four DENV serotypes equivalently.
Assessment of interleukin-35 expression in adult Egyptian immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients
Authors: Abdou Dina M. , Saber Heba M. , Moussa Mohamed M. , Mostafa Nevine N. , Nabeeh Nermeen A. , El Razzaz Mostafa K. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease, in Egypt, it is one of the common disorders, this disease causes a considerable drop in the platelets rendering the patient at a very high risk of bleeding. For this, ongoing research to determine an accurate diagnostic tool that would help in rapid diagnosis and also the remote prognosis of the disease is continuous.
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is one of the interleukin family that now has been highlighted as a useful prognostic marker in many autoimmune diseases e.g.: SLE (1). In light of its significance that was detected in other autoimmune disease. This study was to specify this interleukin in the context of the diagnosis of ITP.

Patients and method
This pilot observational study was carried out on 60 patients and 20 normal controls. The patient group was categorized into newly diagnosed, relapsed, and resistant groups. IL-35 was measured in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
This study demonstrated significantly lower plasma IL-35 levels in patients diagnosed with ITP than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum IL-35 levels and circulating platelets were positively correlated. Moreover, it was noted that a decrease in IL-35 contributes to the pathogenesis of ITP and an association of statistical significance between disease outcomes and IL-35 levels (P=0.033). Specifically, patients with elevated IL-35 levels exhibited higher remission rates (28.8%) than patients experiencing only partial remission or resistance to treatment.

Conclusion
IL-35 may play a role in predicting or potentially influencing disease prognosis as suggested by these results.
Anatomical, Physiological, and Technical Considerations of the Trapezius–rhomboid Plane Block
Authors: Gálvez Leonardo Arce , Mora Jesús Daes , Abuchaibe David Hernández , Pulgarín José Luis Cuervo , Marcelo Christian Vladimir Guauque , Gómez Rafael Enrico Valencia 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common cause of pain. The trapezius and rhomboid muscles in the dorsal region are a frequent location because of their anatomical location and mechanical loading. An interfacial block technique has been described that intervenes this syndrome in this specific location.

Materials and Methods:
A trapezius–rhomboid plane block (TRB) was performed in six patients diagnosed with dorsal MPS. The procedure was performed with ultrasonographic guidance, using 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and 40 mg of methylprednisolone. An additional 2 mL of contrast was applied for fluoroscopic confirmation of the interfacial distribution.

Results:
A pain improvement of up to 80% was achieved in a follow-up performed up to week 10. No complications occurred, and we were able to illustrate the interfacial distribution in this plane, in addition to being able to theorize its mechanism of action in the blockade of the ventral cutaneous sensory branches, the terminal branches of the accessory nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the scapula.

Conclusions:
Our study develops an anatomical analysis of a recently described procedure and demonstrates a wide interfacial distribution with favorable clinical outcomes without complications, making it an interesting therapeutic tool in the management of dorsal MPS.
Two Fractures of the Cervical Spine in Ankylosing Spondylitis 8 Years Apart
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Raju Dimble , Das Sayan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cervical spine is the most common site of spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). These fractures can occur either through the disc space or through the vertebral body itself. Due to the long lever arms of the fused spine acting on the site of fracture, these fractures are unstable and need surgical stabilization. Although the incidence of spinal fractures in these patients is far greater than in the normal population, a second fracture in the ankylosed cervical spine several years after the initial injury has not been reported. We present a case where a patient of AS had two fractures 8 years apart one of which happened through the disc space and the other through the vertebral body one level above the construct applied previously.