bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of image‐based prognostic parameters of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A literature review
Authors: Colarieti Anna , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Barrett Tristan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common male cancer, and radical prostatectomy is a highly effective treatment for intermediate and high‐risk disease. However, post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence remains a major functional side‐effect in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Despite recent improvements in preoperative imaging quality and surgical techniques, it remains challenging to predict or prevent occurrence of this complication. The aim of this research was to review the current published literature on pre‐ and postoperative imaging evaluation of the prostate and pelvic structures, to identify added value in the prediction of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence. A computerized bibliographic search of the PubMed library was carried out to identify imaging‐based articles evaluating the pelvic floor and surrounding structures pre‐ and/or postradical prostatectomy to predict post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence. A total of 32 articles were included. Of these, 29 papers assessed the importance of magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, with a total of 16 parameters evaluated. The most common parameters were intravesical protrusion, the membranous urethral length, prostatic volume and periurethral fibrosis. Preoperative membranous urethral length and its preservation after surgery showed the strongest correlation with urinary incontinence. Three studies evaluated ultrasound, with all carried out postoperatively. This technique benefits from a dynamic evaluation, and the results are promising for proximal urethral hypermobility and the degree of bladder neck funneling on the Valsalva maneuver. Several imaging studies evaluated the predictors of post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence, with preoperative membranous urethral length offering the most promise. However, the current literature is limited by the single‐center nature of studies, and the heterogeneity in patient populations and methodologies used.
The health impacts of ambient air pollution in Australia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Walter Clare M. , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , Lansbury Nina L. , Sly Peter D. , Head Brian W. , Knibbs Luke D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmbient (outdoor) air pollution is a key risk factor for health for which effective policy plays an important preventative role. Australian federal and related state air quality standards have historically relied on international evidence for guidance, which may not accurately reflect the Australian context. However, there has been a large increase in Australian epidemiological studies over recent years. The aim of this study is to provide an updated systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed epidemiological studies that examined the health impacts of outdoor air pollution in Australia, including short‐ and long‐term exposure. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review. Broad search terms were applied to two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) and Google Scholar. Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using standard metrics. Included studies were summarised by tabulating key study characteristics, grouped by health outcomes. In total, 72 studies were included in the review. Sixty‐four (89%) studies used daily or hourly pollutant concentrations to examine short‐term exposure impacts, of which 59 (92%) revealed significant associations with one or more health outcomes, including cardio‐respiratory, all‐cause mortality or morbidity and birth outcomes. Eight (11%) studies used annual average pollutant concentrations to investigate the long‐term exposure finding significant associations with asthma, reduced lung function, atopy and cardio‐respiratory mortality across five studies. The remaining three studies found no significant association with asthma, mortality and a range of self‐reported diseases, respectively. Ambient air pollution has substantial health impacts in Australia. The body of domestic evidence has increased markedly since national air quality standards were first set in the 1990s, which could be drawn on by policy‐makers when revising the existing standards, or considering new standards.
The interests of China, India, and Japan in the negotiations of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Theoretical perspectives
Authors: Wardani Ranti Yulia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe negotiation process of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has been challenging for its participating countries, who have sought to find a balanced compromise and consensus in spite of their many different interests. While some scholars have studied the RCEP negotiation, there has been no detailed study exploring how domestic interests influence leaders’ positions on the RCEP deal. The objective of this study is to explore the interests of major countries – China, India, and Japan – in the negotiation of the RCEP. China and Japan decided to stay within the RCEP formation, while India opted to stay out of the RCEP formation. This study argues that domestic interests have influenced leaders’ decisions in the RCEP negotiations. The existence of major countries shows hegemonic rivalry/game in the development of the RCEP. The neoliberal institutionalism theory has emphasised the importance of common interests for international cooperation. The existence of common interests has become a fundamental element for the conclusion of the RCEP to achieve its objective, namely economic integration, economic development, and strengthening economic cooperation.
Effects of agricultural cooperative services on rural household welfare in Thailand
Authors: Seneerattanaprayul Jumtip , Gan Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAgricultural Cooperatives (ACs) enable rural households to fight against poverty. ACs provide credit and non‐credit support services to improve household welfare. However, the results of AC effects on household welfare are mixed. This study contributes to the growing literature by investigating the effects of AC credit and non‐credit support services on rural Thai household welfare using the Endogenous Switching Regression and Endogenous Switching Probit models. Data was collected in 2017 using a household survey. A two‐stage stratified sampling technique was employed to obtain the study sample from rural Thai households. The result shows that AC services play important roles in improving household welfare. Both AC credit and marketing services exhibit significant, positive effects on household and farm income. AC marketing services are more effective in improving household welfare compared to AC credit. However, only AC credit considerably increases household consumption and the adoption of improved farm technologies and practices. Interestingly, AC credit and marketing services do not improve children's education in terms of educational expenditure and school enrolment rates.
Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in tissue reconstruction using autologous fat grafting: Is there a benefit for wound healing?
Authors: Morandi Evi M. , Winkelmann Selina , Dostal Lucie , Radacki Isabel , Rieger Ulrich M. , Bauer Benedikt , Verstappen Ralph , Wolfram Dolores , Bauer Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFat grafting is a well‐established method in plastic surgery. Despite many technical advances, standardised recommendations for the use of prophylactic antibiotics in fat grafting are not available. This retrospective multicentre study aims to analyse the use of prophylactic antibiotics in fat grafting and to compare complication rates for different protocols. A retrospective medical chart review of 340 patients treated with fat grafting of the breast from January 2007 to March 2019 was performed in three plastic surgery centres. Complications, outcomes, and antibiotic regimes were analysed. The Clavien‐Dindo classification was applied. All patients received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis: 33.8% (n = 115) were treated with a single shot (group 1), 66.2% (n = 225) received a prolonged antibiotic scheme (group 2). There was no significant difference in the number of sessions (P = .475). The overall complication rate was 21.6% (n = 75), including graft resorption, fat necrosis, infection, and wound healing problems. Complication rates were not significantly different between groups. Risk factors for elevated complication rates in this specific patient group are smoking, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy. The complication rate for lipografting of the breast is low, and it is not correlated to the antibiotic protocol. The use of prolonged prophylactic antibiotics does not lower the complication rate.
Flood Hazard Awareness at Old Dominion University: Assessment and Opportunity
Authors: Hutton Nicole S. , Allen Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBuilding resilience to flooding is a commitment of several universities; however, student interest in flood education programs is unclear. The goals of this research are three‐fold: 1) to determine the origin of flood messaging on the Old Dominion University (ODU) campus, 2) to assess on‐campus flood awareness, and 3) to evaluate the interest in additional flood education. This study evaluates student awareness of flooding via a survey of ODU students and contextual analysis of University warning messages. Many students experienced reduced access to campus as a result of flooding and expressed an interest in additional flood information. Some students reported receiving flood‐related information through in‐class instruction or orientation‐based programming. However, the content varies in detail, and ODU could formally integrate additional resources into outreach and flood education programming. These findings could support the development of a campus wide flood awareness program at ODU and other universities.
International nurse education leaders’ experiences of responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Ion Robin , Craswell Alison , Hughes Lynda , Johnston Amy , Kilbride Lynn , Hubbard‐Murdoch Natasha , Massey Debra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences of strategic leads for nurse education as they sought to respond to the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignWe utilised a qualitative interpretative approach to explore education leaders’ experiences of leading during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsNineteen leaders with significant strategic responsibility for nurse education in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom were identified via purposive sampling and agreed to participate. Interviews were held between May and July 2020.ResultsFour overarching themes arose from the analysis: (1) Crisis driven adaptability & flexibility; (2) Responsive, complex and changing communication; (3) Making decisions for student and staff safety; (4) Looking to the future; stronger partnerships.ConclusionInternationally, while nursing education leaders faced different problems, they shared a common goal amidst the crisis to remain student‐centred. They demonstrated they were able to face major challenges, respond to large scale logistical problems and make decisions under significant and ongoing pressure.ImpactIn responding to the pandemic, nurse leaders shared knowledge and offered mutual support. This bodes well for future collaboration. The move to online learning accelerated an existing trend and it seems likely that this will continue. Given the pressures they experienced over an extended period, the sector may wish to consider how it prepares and supports existing and future leaders.
Think scientists—Think male: Science and leadership are still more strongly associated with men than with women in Germany
Authors: Nett Nadine , Nett Tillmann , Englert Julia , Gaschler Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchein showed that attribute ratings for men and managers are more similar than attribute ratings for women and managers. Similar results were found for attributes ascribed to successful scientists and men versus women. In this study, we investigated whether the think manager—think male effect and the think scientist—think male effect are driven by the same attributes. This was not the case. Replicating previous studies, men and scientists were rated more similarly than women and scientists. We also found more overlap in stereotypes for men and managers versus women and managers. More concretely, we found that women differed significantly from managers as well as from scientists on 54 of the 92 items (59%). Men, however, only differed from managers on 17 items (18%) and scientists on 30 items (33%). To analyze on which attributes they differed significantly, we performed a factor analysis. We confirmed that women got low scores for leadership attributes but high scores in social values, which also explains the differences in the attribute ratings of managers and scientists. Also, a comparison of the effects based on these factors showed that the think manager—think male effect was mostly driven by differences in the stereotype of men and women compared to managers, which were seen as more typical male. However, the think scientist—think male effect was also driven by stereotypes about scientists as norm‐breaking, which did not match the stereotype about women.
Leveraging the European Refugee Crisis: Forced Displacement and Bargaining in Greece's Bailout Negotiations
Authors: Tsourapas Gerasimos , Zartaloudis Sotirios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow does forced migration feature in EU member states' foreign policy and how does it affect their bargaining strategies? While the literature highlights EU‐level policies aiming to manage forced migration flows, we examine how Greece sought to leverage its response to the 2015–16 European migrant crisis. We propose a theoretical framework that explains why the SYRIZA–ANEL government sought to leverage Greece's position as a refugee‐host state via an issue​‐linkage strategy tying the management of forced migration to economic aid over the Third Economic Adjustment Programme. Initially employing a ‘blackmailing’ strategy focused on threats, Greece shifted to a ‘backscratching’ strategy of co‐operation after March 2016, once its geopolitical importance and numbers of asylum seekers within its territory were reduced. We provide the first detailed analysis of Greece's foreign policy response to the European migrant crisis, demonstrating the importance of forced displacement in the international politics of EU member states.
Deep subduction, melting, and fast cooling of metapelites from the Cima Lunga Unit, Central Alps
Authors: Piccoli Francesca , Lanari Pierre , Hermann Jörg , Pettke Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Cima Lunga unit in the Central Alps is dominated by quartzofeldspathic gneisses with subordinate mafic, ultramafic, and metacarbonate rocks. Only mafic and ultramafic lithologies were thought to preserve clear evidence of Alpine high‐P metamorphism. This led to the questions of whether the different rock types were subducted and exhumed as a coherent unit or underwent different pressure–temperature (P–T) histories. New petrological and geochemical data from a metapelite associated with garnet peridotite from Cima di Gagnone (Cima Lunga unit, Switzerland) were obtained using major and trace element mapping. Complex zoning patterns in garnet and white mica are observed. In particular, high Ti content in phengite and increasing P, Zr, and HREE contents in pyrope‐rich garnet indicate that this metapelite underwent high‐P and high‐T (HP–HT) metamorphism involving fluid‐fluxed partial melting. A P–T path is reconstructed by combining textural analysis with petrological–geochemical data and thermodynamic simulations. We show that the mineral record preserves an evolution from prograde to HP–HT peak conditions (2.7 ± 0.1 GPa and 800℃) followed by near‐isobaric cooling (~2.5 GPa and 700–750℃) prior to decompression (1.0 GPa and ~620℃). The reconstructed P–T path suggests that the studied metapelites were subducted to depths where the slab gets heated by proximity to asthenospheric mantle related to slab break‐off. This heating resulted in the dehydration of chlorite‐ to garnet peridotite and the liberated fluids triggered partial melting in the associated metapelites, which might have favoured the fast exhumation of the entire Cima Lunga unit. Metapelites and garnet peridotite from Cima di Gagnone underwent a common prograde to peak and retrograde P–T path without significant tectonic pressure difference between the different lithologies, and deviation from lithostatic pressure is excluded. Lastly, the peak metamorphic conditions of metapelite from Cima di Gagnone are comparable with P–T estimates of ultramafic lithologies from the southern Adula nappe and the Dascio Bellinzona zone, thus opening new scenarios for the geodynamic interpretation of the Central Alps.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary Syphilis in Women
Authors: Bond Sharon M. , Blain Michela L.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSecondary syphilis develops approximately 3 to 12 weeks following undetected and untreated primary syphilis. Despite historically low rates of syphilis infection in 2000, the United States is now experiencing an alarming resurgence in primary, secondary, and congenital syphilis. This case report describes an unexpected presentation in a young woman presenting for an initial well‐woman examination. Social and behavioral drivers of syphilis infection, diagnosis, and treatment are presented. Implications for women's health are examined. The need for new and more effective preventive health strategies is reviewed.
Baicalin enhances the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and suppresses vascular endothelial damage by modulating long non‐coding RNA NEAT1/miRNA‐205‐5p in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy
Authors: Zhao Lidong , Xiong Miao , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTrophoblastic and vascular endothelial injuries were closely associated with the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). The present study was designed to determine the functional role of baicalin in the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and vascular endothelial injury.MethodsAng II was adopted to stimulate HTR‐8/SVneo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was examined by CCK‐8 assay. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining determined cell apoptosis. Invasive ability of HTR‐8/SVneo cells was measured by transwell assay. In vitro angiogenesis of HUVECs was assessed by Tube formation assay. In addition, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DCFH‐DA staining. Furthermore, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 and miRNA‐205‐5p levels were detected using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the binding relationship between lncRNA NEAT1 and miRNA‐205‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, interactions among lncRNA NEAT1, miRNA‐205‐5p, and MMP9 or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay.ResultsBaicalin visibly improved cell viability, reduced the apoptosis of Ang II‐stimulated HTR‐8/SVneo and HUVEC cells, and repressed overproduction of ROS. Additionally, baicalin promoted the invasion of Ang II‐stimulated HTR‐8/SVneo cells and induced a stronger in vitro angiogenesis of Ang II‐stimulated HUVECs. What's more, baicalin upregulated lncRNA NEAT1 expression and downregulated miR‐205‐5p expression. LncRNA NEAT1 sponged miR‐205‐5p and inhibited the combination of miR‐205‐5p and MMP9 or VEGF.ConclusionsBaicalin can facilitate the proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts and alleviate vascular endothelial damage by upregulating lncRNA NEAT1 to impede the interaction between miR‐205‐5p and MMP9 or VEGF.
Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses
Authors: Leung Yue Hei , Kenéz Ákos , Grob Anne Julia , Feige Karsten , Warnken Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSphingolipids modulate insulin sensitivity in mammals. Increased synthesis of ceramides is linked to decreased insulin sensitivity of tissues. Conversely, activation of the insulin signaling pathway can downregulate ceramide synthesis. Elucidating the association between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin response during oral glucose testing may help explain the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation in horses.HypothesesHorses with insulin dysregulation will have a plasma sphingolipid profile characterized by increased ceramide concentrations. The plasma sphingolipid profile will have decreased ceramide concentrations after acute activation of the insulin signaling pathway by oral glucose testing.AnimalsTwelve Icelandic horses.MethodsHorses were subjected to an oral glucose test (0.5 g/kg body weight glucose), with plasma insulin concentrations measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postglucose administration. Plasma samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes for sphingolipid profiling using a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics analysis. Eighty‐three species of sphingolipids were detected, including 3‐ketosphinganines, dihydroceramides, ceramides, dihydrosphingomyelins, sphingomyelins, galatosylceramides, glucosylceramides, lactosylceramides, and ceramide‐1‐phosphates.ResultsGlucose administration did not significantly alter plasma sphingolipid profiles. C22:0‐ceramide, C24:1‐ceramide, C23:0‐ceramide, C16:1‐sphingomyelin, C22:0‐dihydroceramide, and C24:0‐ceramide were positively correlated with the insulin response (area under the curve).Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePositive correlation between the insulin response and sphingolipid concentrations implies upregulated sphingolipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated horses. A high plasma ceramide concentration can indicate insulin dysregulation in horses.
Spatial distribution of diabetic capillary non‐perfusion
Authors: Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Mirshahi Reza , Riazi‐Esfahani Hamid , Anvari Pasha , Habibi Abbas , Ashraf Khorasani Maryam , Shad Esrafil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the distribution of capillary non‐perfusion (CNP) in superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsIn this retrospective case series, macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from eyes with DR without diabetic macular edema (DME). The area of CNP in SCP and DCP was delineated using an automated approach after excluding the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and major retinal vessels. The distribution and spatial correlation of the CNP in each layer were analyzed.ResultsForty‐three eyes of 27 patients with DR with a mean age of 59.10 ± 9.05 years were included. The mean CNP area in SCP was statistically significantly higher than DCP (0.722 ± 0.437 mm2 vs. 0.184 ± 0.145 mm2, respectively, p < .001). There was a statistically significant association between mean BCVA (0.28 ± 0.21 logMAR) and CNP area in DCP (p = .01). After automated subtraction of CNP areas in DCP from SCP, 25.43 ± 15.05% of CNP areas in the DCP had co‐localized CNP areas in SCP. The CNP percentage was statistically significantly different between the concentric rings on foveal center, both in SCP and in DCP (both p < .001) showing a decreasing trend from the outer ring toward the center.ConclusionIn DR, SCP is more ischemic than DCP. This is in contrast to the previously described oxygenation‐dependent ischemic cascade following acute retinal vascular occlusions. This study provides further insight into the retinal ischemia in DR.