bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La recherche enracinée en management
Authors: Kamdem Emmanuel , Chetchoua Kamyap Dupin 
Published: August 2021

Comment faire émerger un construit théorique pertinent et intéressant pour la communauté scientifique, à partir des données empiriques recueillies à la faveur d’une pratique professionnelle de manager juridique au sein d’entreprises transnationales implantées au Cameroun ? La théorisation enracinée, comme méthodologie de recherche, offre au praticien des repères pour articuler subjectivité et scientificité, vécu et savoir, narration et réflexion. Se soumettre à cet exercice passionnant permet de réfléchir à la règlementation des activités d’une entreprise transnationale, et en particulier l’encadrement des relations de travail dans cette dernière. La complexité et la variété des définitions juridiques de l’entreprise transnationale compliquent encore davantage leur ancrage territorial dans les différents pays d’implantation. Les conflits d’interprétation et de traduction juridiques naissent généralement des oppositions entre le global (normes juridiques internationales standardisées) et le local (normes juridiques en vigueur dans les pays d’implantation). Par conséquent, l’identification du centre du pouvoir au cœur de l’entreprise transnationale devrait permettre de mieux agencer les garanties apportées aux travailleurs locaux par une législation du travail davantage contextualisée dans les pays d’accueil de l’entreprise transnationale. C’est une piste de recherche à explorer dans le management juridique de l’entreprise transnationale opérant en contexte africain.
Antibiotic use in poultry production; a cross-sectional study in a selected district in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ubeysekara H. A. , Ranaweera N. P. N. M. , Peris H. H. , Wijayaratne W. M. D. G. B. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Rampant use of antibiotics in animal husbandry contributes significantly to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. This study determines the antibiotic activity in poultry feed and assesses the knowledge on feeding practices and their potential effects on antimicrobial resistance among poultry farm owners. Methods: Poultry feed available for sale in shops and ready to serve poultry feed and water samples from selected farms in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka were tested for the antibiotic activity using the agar well diffusion method against three control organisms; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and the zone of inhibition around each well was measured. All farm owners were interviewed and basic details regarding the farm such as area, number of animals, water source and the awareness of farm owners regarding antibiotic use in poultry feeds and water source were obtained. Results: No antibiotic activity was detected in commercially available poultry feed in selected shops (5/5) and ready to serve poultry feed in selected farms (18/18). An antibacterial effect was detected in water samples collected from 33.33% (6/18) of farms. Seventy-eight percent (14/18) of farm owners declared that they administer different types of additives containing antibiotics along with drinking water served to animals. Forty-four percent of farm owners believe that usage of antibiotics in poultry is not a good practice and harmful for human health while a similar percentage claim that it is a favorable practice as it benefits them economically. None of the farm owners were aware that the use of antibiotics in poultry can contribute to the increasing antibiotic resistance in the community. Conclusion: Commercially available poultry feeds in shops and ready to serve poultry feeds in farms did not demonstrate any antibiotic activity. However, antibiotic activity was detected in drinking water served to animals due to incorporation of antibiotic containing additives beyond the prevailing guidelines. The awareness of farm owners on antibiotic use in poultry and its effects on the increase of antibiotic resistance in the community is unsatisfactory.
Compromising patient safety: Lessons learnt from some critical incidents
Authors: Ariyananda P. L. 
Published: August 2021

During my professional career as a clinician for nearly five decades, I have come across several instances where I felt that my role as a clinician has been a failure. I consider these instances as critical incidents that have molded my clinical practice and hopefully made me a better clinician. In this paper, I will discuss about few of those situations, narrating the experience that I lived through, highlighting where I think I went wrong and how best we clinicians should perform under such circumstances. I have divided the paper into lapses in history taking, lack of completeness in physical examination, premature closure in making a diagnosis and inadequacies in treatment, and each of these will be illustrated using a real-life scenario that I have lived through. As clinicians, we should strive for zero error, but we human beings are imperfect and often have room for improvement in the ways we act and react. In your clinical practice, irrespective of whether you experience critical incidents or not, it is always better to reflect how you could have treated each patient you have seen, better and make your practice more reflective rather than thinking in a stereotyped manner.
Identifying thyroid follicular proliferations that need lobectomy; value of the Bethesda category 4
Authors: Kankanamge A. , Liyanage T. G. , Mudduwa L. K. B. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Thyroid follicular proliferations (TFPs) identified on fine needle aspiration cytology can be either follicular lesions of undetermined significance; Bethesda category 3 or follicular neoplasms and lesions suspicious for a follicular neoplasm; Bethesda category 4. The purpose of categorizing to Bethesda category 4 is to identify a thyroid nodule that might be a follicular carcinoma and triage it for thyroid lobectomy. This study was designed to determine the predictive value of categorizing TFPs to Bethesda category 4 in deciding on lobectomy for cytologically identified TFPs. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients with TFPs identified on cytology, and had a subsequent histological diagnosis, at our unit, over a period of two years. TFPs were categorized into either Bethesda category 3 or 4 on cytology, according to the Bethesda system. Sensitivity, specificity and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for Bethesda category 4 in identifying neoplastic TFPs and implied risk of malignancy for Bethesda category 3 and 4 were calculated taking histopathology as the gold standard. A total of 52 TFPs (Bethesda category 3; n = 39, Bethesda category 4; n = 13) were included. Subsequent histology has confirmed 18 neoplastic and 34 non-neoplastic TFPs. Sensitivity and specificity of Bethesda category 4 in identifying neoplastic TFPs were 66.66% and 97.05% respectively. PPV and NPV of Bethesda category 4 were 92.3% and 84.6% respectively. Implied risk of malignancy for Bethesda category 3 and 4 were 5.12% and 15.38% respectively. Conclusions: Bethesda category 4 predicts the TFPs that need thyroid lobectomy to triage for follicular carcinoma. The Bethesda category 3 and 4 carry an implied risk of malignancy comparable to the expected values given in Bethesda system.
Acute Lethal Poisonings in Children: A 10-Year Retrospective Study of the Moscow Region, Russia
Authors: Plis Semyon S. , Veselkina Olesya V. , Klevno Vladimir A. , Vlassov Vasiliy V. 
Published: August 2021

Background Poisoning is a critical public health problem. Toxic substances differ across time, region and age. Little is known about poisoning in Russia, and even less is known about lethal poisoning in children in Russia. We aimed to describe the characteristics of cases of lethal poisoning in children and adolescents. Design and methods Our retrospective study was based on autopsy reports from archives of the Moscow Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination for the period of 2009 to 2018. Results A total of 438 lethal poisoning cases were recorded. The average age of the poisoned children was 11.3 years. Deaths predominantly occurred in boys, mostly due to the higher frequency of poisoning with household and technical chemicals (P<0.01). Accidental deaths were also higher in males (P<0.01). Therapeutic drug poisoning (P<0.01) and suicide (P<0.01) were more frequent in females. The leading cause of lethal poisoning in children was exposure to carbon monoxide, especially in children aged 5 to 9 years (P<0.01) and 1 to 4 years (P<0.01). Carbon monoxide poisoning occurred more often in winter (P<0.01). Regarding the structure of poisoning with household and technical chemicals, the most frequent was poisoning by a mixture of utility gases. Conclusion Our study shows that carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious problem in the region. This may be associated with the ongoing use of individual heating systems. A significant increase in the frequency of fatal poisoning by chemicals, especially by propane-butane gas mixtures while sniffing, has become a disturbing trend.
Comparing Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Machine Accessibility among Urban and Rural County Hospitals
Authors: Burdorf Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2021

Background In 2019, Navigant Healthcare published research showing that 1 in 5 rural hospitals in Minnesota are at risk of closing as they are not financially sustainable. With 26.7% of Minnesota's population being rural, this is particularly worrisome. A substantial cost to rural hospitals is affording the installation, maintenance, and operation of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines. In light of the serious pressures on rural hospitals, the aim of this paper is to investigate if a disparity exists in MRI and CT machine accessibility among Minnesota's urban and rural county hospitals. Design and methods Hospitals of Minnesota were contacted and asked how many MRI and CT machines they carried at their facility. This information was compiled in an excel sheet and cross referenced to the county it resided along with the counties: population, rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) classification and land area in square mileage. Results It was found that the state of Minnesota compared well to the national average in terms of persons and square mileage per MRI and CT machine. When comparing counties of Minnesota by their RUCA classification, a disparity is found in rural counties with regards to square mileage per CT and MRI machine. Conclusions With distance for service creating a barrier to accessibility, rural county residents would benefit from more inhospital MRI and CT machines. With these findings, it is pertinent further research is conducted to investigate the potential vulnerability of other rural populations with regards to accessibility to radiologic resources.
Sexual Violence: 10 Years of Case Studies in a Hospital in Northern Italy
Authors: Maghin Francesca , Campagnari Michele , Ricca Giuseppe , Conti Adelaide 
Published: August 2021

Background In the past twenty years, the fight against sexual violence has become a common goal of the entire European Union, due to a greater socio-cultural awareness of the population and the need to create guidelines for common action. Italian Law no. 66 of February 15, 1996, regarding the “Rules against sexual violence” which, with the appropriate amendments, is still in force today, defines 3 types of sexual offenses through the articles 609 of the Penal Code. Design and methods This study analyzes the cases relating to one of the hospitals in Northern Italy, during the decade January 2010 - December 2019, relating to suspected/reported cases of sexual violence, group sexual violence and sexual acts with minors. This study was carried out by acquiring information relating to subjects who had been victims of a sexual crime through the analysis of the consultations drawn up by specialist medical staff in the submentioned hospital. These consultations are defined by specific medical protocols that must be activated every time a victim of a suspected sexual offense comes into the Emergency Room (ER). The data were processed with descriptive analyzes, the qualitative variables were synthesized with absolute and percentage frequencies, while the quantitative variables with mean and interpolation of the data, to identify a trend line. In order to hypothesize the possible future trend of the phenomenon, data were collected relating to the type of crime according to the Penal Code, gender and age of the victim. This article also outlines future directions for improving research. Results Our data shows that females, of any age, are the most affected in all sexual crimes, often share home with their aggressor, usually a man, and in most cases, they come to the medical observation without any lesion on their body. Conclusions In order to provide a global vision of the situation and of the diffusion throughout the territory, studies like this one could be carried out in various Italian provinces. Besides, we hope that the high degree of commitment on the part of society and institutions in combating sexual violence, through information campaigns and incitements to report, will lead in a few years to a reduction in the number of victims of repeated violence (especially in family contexts) and, consequently, also in the total number of acts of violence that comes to the attention of the healthcare facilities. Finally, primary prevention of sexual violence must begin early because a substantial portion is experienced at a young age. It will be necessary to prevent these forms of violence with strategies that address known risk factors for perpetration ( e.g., low family support, high poverty, low parental education, absent or single parenting, parental substance abuse, domestic violence, low caregiver warmth), by changing social norms and behaviors and by identifying protective factors that could be strengthened.
AN EVALUATION OF IDIOMS AND OTHER WORD GROUPS IN OXFORD DICTIONARY OF IDIOMS (VII)
Authors: AKYALÇIN Necmi , AYDOĞAN Damla 
Published: August 2021

The headings that cannot be idioms in the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, İ, J, K and L in the English idioms dictionary named “Oxford Dictionary of Idioms” have been examined in six previous studies. This work is a continuation of other works. In the study, the structures that cannot be an idiom among the 297 headlines under the letter M in the dictionary of idioms were revealed with numerical data. Different from other studies, some structures that are common with 154 headlines in the idioms dictionary prepared by Longman have been drawn attention and structures that cannot be idioms have been revealed. In addition, attention was drawn to 72 common structures between the head of the article under the letter M of both dictionaries and the interpretation was made by explaining how many of these structures were idioms. In these two dictionaries, some proverbs, which are considered as idioms under the heading of the letter M, have been evaluated by taking into consideration the dictionary named “The Facts On File Dictionary Of Pro ve r b s”. As it is known, idioms are not found only in Turkish. There are also idioms in languages (Turkish, English, German, etc.), which are generally rooted, have many speakers and writers, and are spoken in a large geographical area. Idioms are figurative phrases consisting of at least two words. Idioms in English are given with their explanations in the dictionary named “Oxford Dictionary of Idioms”. The universe of this study is the idioms that have a head in the dictionary named “Oxford Dictionary of Idioms”. Its subject consists of examining the structures that are considered as idioms at the beginning of the items under the letter M in the same dictionary but cannot be an idiom, and revealing the structures that can actually be idioms with their numbers.	Key words: Idioms, Oxford Dictionary of Idıoms, VII.
Evaluation of Hepatic Hydrothorax by 99mTc-MAA Peritoneal Scintigraphy
Authors: Boonyaleepan Araya 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatic hydrothorax occurs 6-10% of advance cirrhotic patient. If we can diagnosed quickly and accurately, it can present the patients from unnecessary investigations and early start correct treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the results of using 99mTc-MAA peritoneal scintigraphy for demonstrate peritoneo-pleural communication in the patients with suspected hepatic hydrothorax.
Material and Method: Descriptive retrospective study. Collected and analized data of the cirrhotic patients who was investigated by 99mTc-MAA peritoneal scintigraphy in nuclear medicine section , Rajavithi hospital , Thailand from 2005-2012.
Results: Eleven patients were identified, 7 male and 4 female average age 52.55 years. Most common cause of cirrhosis was viral hepatitis C (45%) and almost all (10/11) were in child class C. 88% of patient who was evaluated by gastroscope had esophageal varies. 91% of patients had ascites which 90% were massive , 20% moderate and 10% small amount. Peritoneal scintigraphy were positive in 7 patients , excluded a patient who was suspected cause of pleural effusion form pulmonary infection , percent of demonstrated peritoneo-pleural communication was 70. A patient who didn’t have ascites also had positive scintigraphy. Time since radiotracer administration until it appears in pleural cavity was less than 1 hour in 57% of patients, 2 hours 14.3% , 4 hours 14.3% and 24 hours 14.3%
Conclusion: 99mTc-MAA peritoneal scintigraphy is a safe , rapid, cheap, minimally invasive and low radiation method for evaluation of the patients who was suspected hepatic hydrothorax with medium positive results (70%) and high specificity
Functional MRI During Memory Recognition in Healthy Adults
Authors: Panyaping Theeraphol , Tuntiyatorn Lojana , Sugying Chakrit , Sungkarat Witaya 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To localize the functional cortices enrolled during abstract picture recognition task that might be a baseline study to provide Thais standard paradigm for future research.
Material and methods: The protocol study was approved by institutional review broad and local ethics committee. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants after character of the experimental study was fully explained. Twenty healthy subjects underwent functional MRI and axial T1 weighted image, the latter was anatomic reference image. Abstract picture recognition task as block paradigm was used. Statistic analysis of fMRI datas were analyzed as a whole group analysis and using sample t test random effect analysis model, RFx (corrected P value <0.01). BOLD activities on brain surface rendering images were displayed as color from red (less activity) to yellow (strong activity). The anatomic reference image was loaded to overlay the colored maps and the anatomy of the cerebral cortical lobes and gyri and hippocampal formation were defined. In addition, BOLD activities are also displayed as color overlays on axial, coronal and sagittal views of T1W reference anatomic images, gradual change from dark blue (less activity) to red (most strong activity).
Results: Activation for abstract picture recognition was observed at the both-sided cerebellum, bilateral parietal lobes, left hippocampus, bilateral occipital lobes including calcarine cortices, left motor cortex, bilateral premotor cortices, supplementary motor area and left superior temporal gyrus (Wernickeûs area). There is asymmetry of the activities in both hemispheres with left-sided predominance. Bilateral parietal and occipital lobes showed the most intense activities.
Conclusion: Abstract picture recognition task showed activation in multiple areas of cortical brain, which correlates with the human memory processing.
The Accuracy of Multidetector Row CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Chitwiset Seksan , Choonhaklai Vorapot 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To assess the value of MDCT in evaluation of the anatomy of living kidney donors and in revealing the prevalence of renal vascular variations.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics committee of Rajavithi hospital(NO.172/2555). The accuracy of the images of vessel structures obtained by using 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography in comparison with the actual vessel structures observed during surgery was analyzed retrospectively. We analyzed 20 patients who had undergone donor nephrectomy from 2008 to 2012. Preoperative MDCT angiography was performed, and the surgeons themselves subsequently recorded the operative findings.
Results: Nephrectomy was performed on the left side in all 20 patients. The accuracy levels of MDCT for the artery and the vein were 90% and 95% respectively.
Conclusions: MDCT angiography is a good investigative technique for the preoperative evaluation of the anatomy of vessels.
A Nine Case Series of Ultrasound-Guided Hydrostatic Reduction of Intussusception by Saline Enema
Authors: Limchareon Sornsupha , Boonyarit Adisorn 
Published: August 2021

Non-surgical reduction of the intussusception is the first line treatment in children with intussusception. Among various radiological reduction techniques, barium enema reduction of the intussusception under fluoroscopy has been widely used in Thailand while pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopy has become popular in teaching hospitals. To our knowledge, ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction of the intussusception by saline enema (UGHSE) has never been used in Thailand. We reported 9 cases using UGHSE with 100% success rate without complication.
Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury
Authors: Urusopone Pra 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done.
Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found.
Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.
Cerebral Hemorrhage and Femoral Neck Fracture as Initial Presentations of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: O Charoen Patanee 
Published: August 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in Thailand, particular in male. Extrahepatic metastases are common but usually diagnosed after detection of HCC. These reported cases presented with cerebralhemorrhage and femoral neck fracture which are rare initial presentations of HCC.