bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change and Stability in Public Beliefs About Same-Sex Family Rights in Norway in 2008, 2013, and 2017
Authors: Hollekim Ragnhild , Anderssen Norman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In Norway, legal measures securing equal marriage and parenting rights for same- and different-sex couples took effect on January 1, 2009. The aim of this study was to assess Norwegian public beliefs about lesbian and gay family rights in the period of 2008–2017.

Methods
Three nationwide surveys representing the adult Norwegian population were conducted with a time series design (data collected in 2008, 2013, and 2017, n = 1246, 1250, and 1250, respectively) utilizing Web-based questionnaires.

Results
Over the 9-year period, there was a decline in negative beliefs about lesbian and gay parenting and marriage rights and gradually less concern about children growing up with same-sex parents, more so for men than for women. Beliefs about equal parenting rights remained more negative than beliefs about equal marriage rights. At all points in time, concern for children’s welfare was the strongest predictor of beliefs about equal parenting rights for same- and different-sex couples, and for all points in time, being older contributed to the explained variance.

Conclusions
We discuss how the findings may relate to policy developments concerning LGBTI rights in Norway. LGBTI rights have gained increasingly significant symbolic value in the public domain, and we suggest that it is productive to reflect on findings in relation to new landscapes of political and public discourse in Norway and Europe.

Social Policy Implications
The results reveal contemporary supportive public opinion regarding LGBTI family rights, which currently gives lawmakers a foundation for further institutionalizing LGBTI rights in domains such as in schools at every level and in institutions offering family support and counseling. However, there is also a need for political awareness of emerging discourses linking questions on same-sex family rights to broader divisive sociopolitical processes.
Progress in neutrino astronomy
Authors: Rott Carsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dream of observing our universe through neutrinos is rapidly becoming a reality. More than three decades after the first observation of neutrinos from beyond our solar system associated with Supernova SN1987A, neutrino astronomy is in the midst of a revolution. Extraterrestrial neutrinos are now routinely detected, following the discovery of a high-energy diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in 2013. The detection of a high-energy neutrino in coincidence with a flaring blazar in 2017 has brought the field rapidly into the multi-messenger science era. The latest developments in the field of neutrino astronomy are reviewed and prospects with current and future detectors discussed. Particular emphasis is put on domestic programs in neutrino astronomy and the possibility to construct a large neutrino observatory in Korea.
Annealing effects on the optical and electrochemical properties of tantalum pentoxide films
Authors: Ren Wei , Yang Guang-Dao , Feng Ai-Ling , Miao Rui-Xia , Xia Jun-Bo , Wang Yong-Gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) has attracted intensive attention due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Ta2O5 films were synthesized via electron beam evaporation (EBE) and subsequently annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that amorphous Ta2O5 thin films form from 300 to 700 °C and then a phase transition to polycrystalline β-Ta2O5 films occurs since 900 °C. The surface morphology of the Ta2O5 films is uniform and smooth. The resulted Ta2O5 films exhibit excellent transmittance properties for wavelengths ranging from 300 to 1100 nm. The bandgap of the Ta2O5 films is broadened from 4.32 to 4.46 eV by annealing. The 900 °C polycrystalline film electrode has improved electrochemical stability, compared to the other amorphous counterparts.
Lithography-free and Highly Angle Sensitive Structural Coloration Using Fabry–Perot Resonance of Tin
Authors: Kim Young-Gyun , Quan Ying-Jun , Kim Min-Soo , Cho Younggyun , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been much interest in applying the color changes of nano-patterned structures to sensor technology. However, the lithographic nano-patterning process is not environmentally friendly, and it is difficult to fabricate large areas of color due to limitations associated with this approach. In this study, we realized a highly tunable structural coloration based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer design that does not require nano-patterning processes. To increase the reflected color change according to the angle, a color element using an asymmetric metal–insulator–metal structure was applied, fabricated using silver–silicon dioxide–tin (Sn), respectively. Using the optical properties of Sn, we maximized the change in reflection color and realized three primary colors of subtractive color of cyan, magenta and yellow according to the angle of designed MIM structure. Theoretical and experimental results revealed that the color and intensity of the reflectance depended strongly on the angle of the reflective surfaces. The manufacturing process is simple and yields large surfaces of high quality. Based on this premise, we fabricated a soft robot capable of color camouflage, and an angle-detecting color sensor for inspecting the three-dimensional shape quality of curved glass with a high sensitivity of 1.8 nm/degree. In addition, we propose a shape evaluation method by color, spectrometry, and monochromatic light.
Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone
Authors: Ovuoraye Prosper E. , Ugonabo Victor I. , Nwokocha Gina F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends of fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine the efficacy of BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing the standard nephelometric procedure at 1000 rpm stirring rate. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the interactions of pH, dosage, and settling time to maximize the turbidity removal efficiency of the ABC- and BFB-driven coag–flocculation. The optimal pH, dosage, and settling time for ABC were obtained as 10, 0.1 g/L, and 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 g/L, and settling time of 4 min were recorded for BFB following the established quadratic model of the RSM. The removal efficiency of ABC and BFB plots 80% and 88%, respectively; this corresponds to 262 NTU and 288 NTU of removal from the wastewater at optimal conditions. The kinetics result indicated that the rate constant (Kf) 3 × 10−3 (L/g min) of BFB surpassed 5 × 10−5 (L/g min) recorded for ABC following second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.999 and 0.9985, respectively. The research also applied cost–benefit analysis for the determination of the efficacy of BFB. The figure obtained shows that the benefit of using BFB will save $5.50 compared to ABC based on this work. At optimal conditions, BFB satisfied the environmental protection agency pH standard for industrial wastewater discharge, promising coagulant–flocculants aid for industrial wastewater purification purpose and the preservation of the environment.
Barriers in Implementation of Wastewater Reuse: Identifying the Way Forward in Closing the Loop
Authors: Morris J. C. , Georgiou I. , Guenther E. , Caucci S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe business case for circular economy in water management perspective has gain relevance in the recent times. By 2030, it is estimated that 160% of global total available water will be required to satisfy demand of anthropogenic-related activities and increasing waste-related water will be produced. Gaps on the conceptual framing of water reuse within supply chain management are clearly emerging and the demand for decision support systems helping at assessing effective water consumption in industrial setting is pressing. Despite the numerous local initiatives towards wastewater resource usage, barriers remain for its implementation in practice. Through a systematic review of previous studies in this field, the barriers towards the uptake of wastewater use in agriculture were classified according to the PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) framework. Alongside political and legal support, it is identified that for an economically and environmentally sustainable scheme for incentivising the deployment of feasible technologies, there is also a need to gain acceptance for wastewater usage in society in order to enhance the deployment of existing technological solutions. Addressing these factors in tandem can aid the development towards a circular economy for wastewater.
Numerical study of geometric morphing wings of the 1303 UCAV
Authors: Nugroho B. , Brett J. , Bleckly B.T. , Chin R.C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTUnmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) are believed by many to be the future of aerial strike/reconnaissance capability. This belief led to the design of the UCAV 1303 by Boeing Phantom Works and the US Airforce Lab in the late 1990s. Because UCAV 1303 is expected to take on a wide range of mission roles that are risky for human pilots, it needs to be highly adaptable. Geometric morphing can provide such adaptability and allow the UCAV 1303 to optimise its physical feature mid-flight to increase the lift-to-drag ratio, manoeuvrability, cruise distance, flight control, etc. This capability is extremely beneficial since it will enable the UCAV to reconcile conflicting mission requirements (e.g. loiter and dash within the same mission). In this study, we conduct several modifications to the wing geometry of UCAV 1303 via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyse its aerodynamic characteristics produced by a range of different wing geometric morphs. Here we look into two specific geometric morphing wings: linear twists on one of the wings and linear twists at both wings (wash-in and washout). A baseline CFD of the UCAV 1303 without any wing morphing is validated against published wind tunnel data, before proceeding to simulate morphing wing configurations. The results show that geometric morphing wing influences the UCAV-1303 aerodynamic characteristics significantly, improving the coefficient of lift and drag, pitching moment and rolling moment.
Experiencing default nudges: autonomy, manipulation, and choice-satisfaction as judged by people themselves
Authors: Michaelsen Patrik , Johansson Lars-Olof , Hedesström Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCriticisms of nudging suggest that nudges infringe on decision makers’ autonomy. Yet, little empirical research has explored whether people who are subjected to nudges agree. In three between-group experiments (N = 2083), we subject participants to contrasting choice architectures and measure experiences of autonomy, choice-satisfaction, perceived threat to freedom of choice, and objection to the choice architecture. Participants who received a prosocial opt-out default nudge made more prosocial choices but did not report lower autonomy or choice satisfaction than participants in opt-in default or active-choice conditions. This was the case even when the presence of the nudge was disclosed, and when monetary choice stakes were introduced. With monetary choice stakes, participants perceived the threat to freedom of choice as slightly higher in the nudge condition than in the other conditions, but objection to the choice architecture did not differ between the conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that default nudges are less manipulative and autonomy-infringing than sometimes feared. We recommend that policymakers include measures of choice experiences when testing out new interventions.
Mental health stigma in Ukraine: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Quirke Eleanor , Klymchuk Vitalii , Suvalo Orest , Bakolis Ioannis , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and study objectives
This study aimed to assess among Ukrainian adults: (1) knowledge of mental disorders; (2) attitudes towards people with mental health disorders, and to the delivery of mental health treatment within the community; and (3) behaviours towards people with mental disorders.

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian adults aged 18–60 was conducted. Stigma-related mental health knowledge was measured using the mental health knowledge schedule. Attitude towards people with mental health disorders was assessed using the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness scale. The Reported and Intended Behaviour scale was used to assess past and future intended behaviour towards people with mental health disorders.

Results
Associations between gender, age, and educational level and the knowledge and attitudes measures were identified. There was evidence of a positive association between being male and positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders [mean difference (MD) = 0.509, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.021–0.998]. Older age was negatively associated with positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders (MD = −0.017, 95% CI 0.0733 to −0.001). Higher education was positively associated with stigma-related mental health knowledge (MD = 0.438, 95% CI 0.090–0.786), and negatively associated with authoritarian (MD = 0.755, 95% CI 0.295–1.215) attitudes towards people with mental health problems.

Conclusion
Overall, the findings indicate a degree of awareness of, and compassion towards, people with mental illness among Ukrainian adults, although this differed according to gender, region, and education level. Results indicate a need for the adoption and scaling-up of anti-stigma interventions that have been demonstrated to be effective.
Association between level of care and colonization with resistant gram-negative bacteria among nursing-home residents
Authors: Adediran Timileyin Y , Sethuraman Kinjal N , Leekha Surbhi , Roghmann Mary-Claire 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between resident level of care in the nursing home and colonization with resistant gram-negative bacteria. Residential-care residents were more likely to be colonized with resistant gram-negative bacteria than were postacute care residents (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–3.80; P < .001).
The nasal cavity of two traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia, Gomphodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil
Authors: Franco Arymathéia Santos , Müller Rodrigo Temp , Martinelli Agustín G. , Hoffmann Carolina A. , Kerber Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraversodontidae is a group of Triassic herbivorous/omnivorous cynodonts that represents the most diversified lineage within Cynognathia. In southern Brazil, a rich fossil record of late Middle/mid-Late Triassic cynodonts has been documented, withExaeretodon riograndensisAbdala, Barberena, and Dornelles, 2002 andSiriusgnathus niemeyerorumPavanatto et al., 2018 representing two abundant and well-documented traversodontids. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the morphology of the nasal cavity, nasal recesses, nasolacrimal duct, and maxillary canals of both species using computed tomography, highlighting the changes that occurred in parallel to the origin of mammaliaforms. Our results show that there were no ossified turbinals or a cribriform plate delimiting the posterior end of the nasal cavity, suggesting these structures were probably cartilaginous as in nonmammaliaform cynodonts. Both species show lateral ridges on the internal surface of the roof of the nasal cavity, but the median ridge for the attachment of a nasal septum is absent.Exaeretodon riograndensisandS. niemeyerorumshow recesses on the dorsal region of the nasal cavity, which increase the volume of the nasal cavity, potentially enhancing the olfactory chamber and contributing to the sense of smell. On the lateral sides of the nasal cavity, the analyzed taxa show a well-developed maxillary recess. AlthoughE. riograndensisandS. niemeyerorumhave roughly similar nasal cavities, in the former taxon, the space between the left and right dorsal recesses of the nasal cavity is uniform along its entire extension, whereas this space narrows posteriorly inS. niemeyerorum. Finally, the nasolacrimal duct ofS. niemeyerorumis more inclined anteroposteriorly than inE. riograndensis.
Tipping the scale: the role of a national nutritional supplementation programme for pregnant mothers in reducing low birth weight and neonatal mortality in India
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Sandhya S. , Parasannanavar Devraj J. , Khandelwal Shweta , Rajkumar Hemalatha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith over 1·3 million Anganwadi centres (AWC) (meaning ‘courtyard shelter’), the Indian government runs a nationwide intervention providing nutrition supplement to pregnant mothers to improve the health of their children. Using two successive rounds of the nationally representative cross-sectional National Family Health Survey data (collected during 2005–2006 and 2015–2016) of India, we assessed whether nutrition supplements given to pregnant mothers through AWC were associated with select child health indicators – extremely low birth weight (ELBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal mortality (death during day 0–27) stratified by death during day 0–1, day 2–6 and day 7–27. A total of 148 019 children and 205 593 children were eligible for analysing birth weight and neonatal mortality, respectively. OR with 95% CI, estimated from multivariate logistic regression models, suggest that receipt of nutrition supplements was associated with decreased risk of VLBW (OR: 0·73, 95% CI 0·63, 0·83, P < 0·001), LBW (OR: 0·92, 95% CI 0·88, 0·96, P < 0·001), but not ELBW (OR: 0·80, 95% CI 0·56, 1·15, P = 0·226). Women who always received nutrition supplements during their pregnancy saw lower risk of death of their neonates (OR: 0·67, 95% CI 0·61, 0·73, P < 0·001), including death on day 0–1 (OR: 0·66, 95% CI 0·58, 0·74, P < 0·001), day 2–6 (OR: 0·69, 95% CI 0·58, 0·82, P < 0·001) and day 7–27 (OR: 0·68, 95% CI 0·53, 0·87, P = 0·002). Therefore, nutritional supplementation to pregnant mothers appears to be helpful in deterring various stages of neonatal mortality, VLBW and LBW, though it might not be effective in mitigating ELBW. Findings were discussed considering possible limitations of the study.
Transcriptional identification of differentially expressed genes during the prepupal–pupal transition in the oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Li Peirong , Li Xinru , Wang Wei , Tan Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoqi , Yang Xueqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Walker) is a serious pest of agriculture that does particular damage to Gramineae crops in Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Metamorphosis is a key developmental stage in insects, although the genes underlying the metamorphic transition inM. separataremain largely unknown. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five stages; mature larvae (ML), wandering (W), and pupation (1, 5, and 10 days after pupation, designated P1, P5, and P10) to identify transition-associated genes. Four libraries were generated, with 22,884, 23,534, 26,643, and 33,238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the ML-vs-W, W-vs-P1, P1-vs-P5, and P5-vs-P10, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that genes regulating the biosynthesis of the membrane and integral components of the membrane, which includes the cuticular protein (CP), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, were enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in the metabolic pathways. Of these DEGs, thirty CP, seventeen 20E, and seven JH genes were differentially expressed across the developmental stages. For transcriptome validation, ten CP, 20E, and JH-related genes were selected and verified by real-time PCR quantitative. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis inM. separata.
CASSIODORUS, INSTITVTIONES 1.28.3 AND LACTANTIUS, DIVINAE INSTITVTIONES 3.28.22
Authors: Cristini Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis note identifies the source of a brief quotation in Cassiodorus, Institutiones 1.28.3 as a passage of Lactantius, Diuinae Institutiones 3.28.22. It argues that Cassiodorus possibly intended to draw an implicit comparison between himself and Lactantius.
Sinuicella denisonii, a new genus and species in thePeltigeraceaefrom western North America
Authors: Stone Daphne F. , McCune Bruce , Pardo-De la Hoz Carlos J. , Magain Nicolas , Miadlikowska Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe new genusSinuicella, an early successional lichen, was found on bare soil in Oregon, USA. The thallus is minute fruticose, grey to nearly black, branching isotomic dichotomous, branches round, 20–90 μm wide in water mount. The cortex is composed of interlocking cells shaped like jigsaw puzzle pieces. Spores are hyaline, 1-septate, 25–40(–50) × 6.5–9(–11) μm. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on multilocus data sets, first spanning the entire orderPeltigeralesand then restricted toPeltigeraceaewith extended sampling fromSolorinaandPeltigera, revealed the placement ofSinuicellaoutside of currently recognized genera, sister toPeltigera, with high support. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological and ecological distinctness ofSinuicella, we formally introduce a new genus represented by the single speciesS. denisonii. The cyanobiont ofS. denisoniiisNostocfrom phylogroup XL, Clade 2, Subclade 3 based on therbcLXmarker.
John Lennon'sPlastic Ono Bandas ‘first-person music’: notes on the politics of self-expression in rock music since 1970
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn late 1970, John Lennon began promoting his first post-Beatles solo album,Plastic Ono Band, which he described as ‘first-person music’ toRolling Stoneeditor Jann Wenner. This essay situates the album and two of Lennon's promotional interviews within an emergent politics of individualism in order to explore how self-expression became an aesthetic practice and critical value in rock music. The album's reception and promotion help reveal how key political values – on individualism, rebellion and self-expression – began to be newly articulated to certain kinds of rock musicians after 1970. By understanding that process of articulation, popular music scholars may consider the contradictory political consequences of the broader valorisation of ‘first-person music’ since the 1970s.
From rage to riches: swag and capital in the Tanzanian hip hop industry
Authors: Pierson Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article traces how Tanzanian Bongo Flava hip hop has shifted from a politically conscious genre at the dawn of democratization and liberalization to its contemporary articulations, more commonly aligned with glamorous, geographically abstracted Western pop sensibilities. It argues that ‘swag’, as an intimately embodied and musically performed charisma, has served as a connective thread across political and economic transformations because of its capacity to generate phantasmatic deferrals to common experiences of dispossession. These fetishistic qualities mediate the attachments of artists and consumers within the splintering musical genre, holding open space to reach for a diversity of desired futures.