bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality assessment of Pattunuang River, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for tourism
Authors: Putri I A , Ansari F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pattunuang asue Nature Tourism Object is a primary destination at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Visitors of Pattunuang asue used the Pattunuang river to conduct their activities, such as swimming, bathing, river tubing, and also used the river water for drinking and cooking. However, using river water for these activities needs to fulfill standard water quality for tourism activities and drinking water. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of the Pattunuang river water. Data of physical parameters and conditions of river water were conducted using the survey method. We also collected water samples using the purposive sampling method. Furthermore, these samples were analyzed at the laboratory to measure other physical data such as total suspended solids (TSS) and total dispended solids (TDS), chemical, and microbiology. Data were analyzed following water quality parameters, compared to several regulations regarding water quality standards for tourism and drinking water. The results showed that the Pattunuang river water fulfills most of the standard of physical quality for tourism and drinking water, except TDS. However, some chemical parameters exceeded the threshold for tourism and drinking water. Microbiology parameters meet the standard requirements for several regulations but did not meet the requirements for water that can be drunk directly. Furthermore, this study discussed how to overcome this problem.
Potential noise annoyance from ambient air quality measurement using high volume air sampler (HVAS)
Authors: Purwanto B , Zulfachmi  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the benchmarks in air pollution is the quality of ambient air consisting of gas and particulate matter. Measurement of particulates in ambient air can be done using a High-Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). However, in the measurement process it sometimes causes noise annoyance to the community where the measuring instrument is operated, considering that the operating time of the instrument is 24 consecutive hours. This research identifies the value of the sound power level emitted from the several types of HVAS to the surrounding environment. There are two types of HVAS measured in this study consisting of one unit of HVAS with analogue flow control made by Indonesian manufacturer and two units of HVAS with digital flow control made by Japan and United States of America manufacturers. Sound power level is determined using ISO 9614 method with a sound intensity analyzer as the main instrument. The sound power level data for each HVAS were than compared and frequency spectrum distributions are evaluated. Based on the research results, it was found that some sample units emitted sound power levels of more than 90 dBA with dominant noise being at high frequencies starting from 4000 Hz. The results of the research can be used as an early information in the development of the HVAS regarding noise mitigation, because there is different approach for controlling noise specifics in low, mid and high frequencies noise source.
Assessment of communities’ water springs in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ansari F , Syahidan  , Dewantoro A , Putri I A S L P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water is a vital component for living, but its distribution is uneven and becomes hard to obtain in some places. Generally, people use water sources from PDAM, rivers, wells, and springs. Springs are often used as a source of water which are used by the community. Unfortunately, the spring and its surrounding area are often disturbed, and their function is changed. Even though several activities have shifted the land cover around the spring area, it affects the spring's water quality. The study aims to find out the condition of the springs which are used by the people at Gowa Regency. The data was collected through a survey, and the spring sampling was carried out purposefully. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively. The study showed that springs are still an important source of water for rural communities. The results showed that the water quality of springs was feasible for household and other purposes. We found that the community seemingly has low awareness of preserving the spring. The area around the spring has been disturbed by community activities that are prone to polluting the springs.
Vertical forest: green open space alternative in urban area development
Authors: Pribadi M A , Septina A D , Lugina M , Indartik I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Addressing environmental problems in urban areas, the Law No. 26 of 2007 has mandated local governments to preserve Green Open Space (GOS) covering minimum 30% of its area. However, some local governments barely meet this obligation due to high price of lands and budget constraints. Meanwhile, an innovation in the form of vertical forest started to be applied in developed countries may be adopted to overcome the limited land constraint for developing GOS. This study was conducted to determine the opportunities for implementing vertical forest as an alternative solution for the constraints. In addition, it also aims to find out the possibility of its application for spatial planning policies so that it supports the national sustainable development goal. This study is an explorative research with qualitative method. The study concluded that vertical forest essentially is suitable to be implemented as an alternative solution to limited land for the GOS development. From the policy perspective, the development of vertical forest can encourage the competitiveness of the green city program. Therefore, the government need to design incentive policies for local governments and the private sectors to develop vertical forest. It is also necessary to adjust GOS developing regulation to become more accommodating so that vertical forest can be recognized as part of GOS.
Reducing erosion and eutrophication through soil and water conservation practices in upper Lake Rawapening
Authors: Abdiyani S , Cahyono S A , Falah F , Nugroho A W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAgriculture has been one of erosion and eutrophication sources in Lake Rawapening. Former research found massive fertiliser use on agricultural area in Rawapening catchment. Vegetable farming contributed the biggest percentage of Nitrogen and Phosphorus input that are 953.7 and 118 tons/year respectively. These were followed by irrigated paddy field with 845.8-ton Nitrogen/year and 208-ton Phosphorus/year. This lake has nine sub-watersheds: Parat, Sraten, Panjang, Kedungringin, Rengas, Legi, Galeh, Ringin, and Torong in which Panjang has the highest pollutant contribution to the lake. Since Panjang is the most significant sub-watershed and has extensive vegetable farming, therefore research to identify applicable practices in reducing erosion and eutrophication was undertaken in the area. Field surveys and interviews with landowners were employed. Field surveys included observing riparian, measuring catchment size, slopes, documenting existing land uses and ownerships. Interviews involved 52 landowners in Dusun Bendo and Ngonto, Desa Candi, Kecamatan Bandungan, Kabupaten Semarang. Based on existing practices and potential techniques, we propose soil and water conservation practices variables. They can be grouped into three: runoff farming, mini bridges, and terrace strengthening. Runoff farming consists of three techniques: individual/group infiltrating wells, on-site sediment traps, and drainage enhancement. Majority landowners choose infiltrating well for its easiness on obtaining materials and constructing. They also believe that wells have no disturbance on their vegetables. On-site sediment traps are rejected because of inundation concern, but farmers with very small landownership consider this choice as long as the traps has drainage system. Almost all farming land have mini bridges and terraces. They acknowledge that terraces were inherited from their predecessors.
The analysis of carbon footprint of the settlement activity in the village of Pedurungan District, Semarang City, Central Java Province
Authors: Rahmila Y I , Kusuma I M , Syafrudin  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Some important sectors influenced the increase of greenhouse gases, such as waste, transportation, settlement, and agricultural sectors. This research aimed to analyze the amount of CO2 emissions, map the carbon footprint, and analyze tree capability in reducing CO2 in 12 villages in Pedurungan district, Semarang city, Central Java. The method used was based on IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 and Ministry of Environment 2012 about the Implementation of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Guidelines. The carbon footprint was mapped using ArcGIS software. The results showed that the energy sector produced 13.723,35 tons CO2 Eq, the transportation sector emitted 1.624,58 tons CO2 Eq, and the waste sector emitted 7.677,08 CO2 Eq. The carbon footprint map was presented in three classifications of carbon footprint: lower, middle, and upper, represented by green, yellow, and red colors. An effort to reduce the carbon footprint was planting 300 trees of ten species in the Pedurungan district.
Geotechnical parameter study and solidification of Marine Sediment for Road Engineering
Authors: Axel Mani , Zhibo Duan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Chinese coastal areas are the environment of multiple activities, and navigation occupies an important place. Dredging operations maintain access to port structures carried out regularly. These sediments’ fate is problematic in Jiangsu province due to significant contamination of organic and mineral pollutants. A company called Nature Way aims to solve this problem. It is deeply committed to the treatment and use of sediment dredged from the seabed and uses proprietary solidification technology to transform all kinds of silt waste into new engineered materials that replace sand and sand. Gravel and traditional techniques and can be used as foundation materials for various projects in loose soil areas. In this work, we first studied the physic-chemical characterization of raw materials sediments supplied by Nature Way Corporation from Jiangsu province. Secondly, we have to mix the raw sediment and the solidifying agents and test the mechanical performance at 3%, 5% and 7% in a time interval of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Finally, we have to measure the (CBR) “California Bearing Ratio” after 28 days, mix with the binder at 3%, 5%, 7%.
Experimental study on Strength Attainment of concrete containing silica fume and fly ash
Authors: Raj Kishore G.V.V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increased utilization of cement in recent construction techniques leads to the global gas emission and involves high cost. Many researchers investigated the incorporation of pozzolanic materials in the cement in order to reduce its notorious effects on the environment which directed this research in order to develop high strength concrete by partially replacing supplementary cementitious materials with the cement. This study represents the experimental investigation on concrete which is blended with class F fly ash and silica fume in order to obtain high strength concrete. For this purpose, silica fume is used in 6%, 9% fly ash is replaced with 30%,40% and 50% by weight of cement. The specimens were subjected to curing up to 90 days and conducted tests in order to determine the mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength and durability properties like RCPT and UPV. Based on the experimental results, addition of 6% silica fume and fly ash at 30% replacement is high strength attainment as well as durability in the concrete.
An Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete by Using Flyash, GGBS and Alccofine
Authors: Nagaraju O. , Ritesh J. , Venkata Reddy T C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study concentrated on the development of GPC by using industrial waste products such as fly ash, alccofine (1203) and GGBS. GPC is an advanced eco-friendly concrete manufactured by activating source minerals rich in alumina and silica by alkaline liquids to form aluminosilicates based on inorganic polymers. Where cement was complete replaced with mix proportion of 50% fly ash, 25% alccofine (1203) and 25% GGBS for different molarities (8M, 10M and 12M) of alkaline activators which is solving the problem of unsustainable usage of limestone and pollutant related to the manufacturing process of cement. The present paper reports the cube compressive strength, cylindrical split tensile strength and flexural strength of GPC and which is compared with M25 grade of control specimens. It was observed that the strength of GPC is increased than normal concrete as molarities increases of 8 M, 10M and 12M. The paper explains about the effectiveness of fly ash, alccofine (1203) and GGBS materials.
Experimental study of low carbon emission alternative concrete
Authors: Prasanth Muddana Surya , Karumudi Raghava 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Urbanization and mass construction of housing will increase the consumption of cement and available natural resources such as sand and water. The production of cement generated from various industries leads to the emission of carbon dioxide gas in huge quantities into the atmosphere and creates serious problems in handling and disposal. So, the replacement of conventional materials with alternative materials for the preparation of concrete is needed. If the alternative cementitious and industrial waste materials are found suitable in replacing the ingredients of concrete then it can reduce the cost of construction. The present paper represents an experimental study of low carbon emission alternative concrete by replacing conventional concrete materials with alternative materials like geopolymer as binding material, copper and ferrous slag as fine aggregates, steel slag as coarse aggregates, and alkaline solution as an activator. Study made to examine the properties of low carbon emission alternative concrete proposed. The fresh and hardened state characteristics of low carbon emission alternative concrete are evaluated for both oven and ambient curing conditions. It is noticed that the time taken to achieve the strength by oven curing is less than ambient curing but had no major difference in load-carrying capacity and the results obtained are in good concurrence with conventional concrete.
Reduction of Particulate Matter on Road using Dust Accumulator
Authors: Bhorkar M P , Marwade A , Piprade S , Khutafale S , Gadhave V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing air pollution is always matter of problem for entire world, especially for Asian Countries because of the population and developing industries in the countries. This is the main reason for increase in AQI (Air Quality Index) of various regions of India. AQI reflects, how polluted the air in current situation is? AQI implies amount of pollutants that are present in air. Pollutants are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, CO where SO2, O3, NO2 & CO are the pollutants which are mostly affected by the chemical activities by industries where as PM10 and PM2.5 are the particulate matters of size 10 micron and 2.5 micron respectively. These two are responsible for respiratory diseases like asthma and lung diseases. Hence it is utmost necessary to reduce these particulate matters from the road, which will help in reducing AQI of the environment. There are many devices available in the market to reduce these pollutants which work to achieve the aim. An attempt is made in this research to reduce the pollutants from the air which is installed on the vehicle with the system, which collects the particulate matter very efficiently. Here in this paper a pilot scale equipment is manufactured which helps individual vehicle to contribute in reducing AQI and also it will be flexible and economical solution to absorb dual emissions.
Behavior of Simply Supported Concrete Beam Using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
Authors: Shivankar Akshay , Dabhekar K.R. , Patil P.B. , Mase D.P. , Khedikar I.P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of beam with the use of CFRP composite by experimentally and by ANSYS and compare both the results and compare load carrying capacity. For experimentally we cast Nine no’s of beam of size 100×100×400 mm, of M30 grade of concrete and curing for 7 days and after 7 days curing we conduct UPV test and find homogeneity of concrete beam and decided carbon fiber wrapping techniques we create two set of beam with 230 GSM wrapped with double layer and two set of beam with 430 GSM wrapped with double layer and two set of beam with 430 GSM wrapped with single layer, and 3 control beams without wrapping and test for flexural strength and by this test we observe the ultimate load carrying capacity and flexural strength of carbon fiber wrapped beam is increased as compare to control beams.
Analysis and Design of Fly Over
Authors: Harsha Vardhan G , Venkateswara Rao A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bridges remain the key components in any road network for infrastructure development. For use of prestress girder type bridges become popular for the reason that of its stability, economy, serviceability, aesthetic appearance and structural competence. The grillage analysis method for analysing bridge structures has been in use. In this work, an attempt is made to provide advise on grillage idealisation of the structure, as well as background information. The mesh layout is explained in detail. Analysis of proposal of prestressed concrete bridges are carried out using relevant IRC codes and IS codes. The bridge deck is analysed by grillage analysis. The present work was accepted out to exterior girder of span 28.2 m, width 12.5 m and with thickness of slab as 0.225m. The members are designed for maximum shear forces & bending moment. Losses of stress due to friction, anchorage slip, elastic shortening concrete & relaxation of stress in steel are also considered. The analysis has analysed by STAAD PRO software
Effects of fillers on stability properties of stone matrix asphalt mix
Authors: Naga Seshu Babu T , Pavan Kumar J , Vijaya Chandra J , Siva Kishore I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Failures in asphalts occurs because of the development of vehicles with high intensity of loads tends to increase in usage of automobiles which results in use of rut resistant Bituminous mixes in the surface course. Rutting and Fatigue cracking are the results of the damage caused due to primary parameters. Cracking can be prevented by maintaining Probable temperature during the preparation of bituminous mix to the laying of mixes. To prevent rutting, the Stone lattice black-top also known as Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) can be utilized as a fraction of the bituminous layer. In this study SMA is preferred to check its implementation in all viewpoint such as stability (kg), volume of voids in mineral aggregates (VMA,) deformation (mm), with the usage of different types of Non Conventional fillers which enhances the properties of the mix. Fillers plays a vital role in improving the stability and durability, where as reduction leads to increase voids in the mix. Distinctive fillers like glass powder, magnetite, cement kiln powder and fly ash have been used in the mixes. Twelve sets of test sample were set up by utilizing typical sorts of filler having varied sum in the mixture. Samples prepared at diverse asphalt contents(4.5%,5.5%,6.5%) respectively varying fillers. The Marshall properties obtained for the conventional filler flyash has been set up to exhibit higher stability contrasted with magnetite, glass powder, cement kiln Powder, but have satisfied the minimum requirements. Magnetite filler indicates least deformation at 5.5 % bitumen content and the rate of air voids from the results they are observed to be diminished with the expansion of bitumen substance.
Status of Agro-Industrial Waste Used to Develop Construction Materials in Andhra Pradesh Region – India
Authors: Chilukuri Sravan , Kumar Sanjeet , Raut Ashwin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In today’s world concrete is one of the major construction materials. With the growth in industrialization and urbanization the demand for the concrete has taken a new pace. Therefore, to fulfill the demand huge amounts of natural resources has to be exploited for the production of the cement because natural resources and raw materials are major constituents in the production. At the same time huge quantities of industrial and agricultural wastes are generating in developing countries and are posing serious risk to the environment as well as human health. So, by utilizing these wastes as a supplementary material in construction reduces the usage of natural resources in the cement as well as decreases the threat of wastes in the environment. Many researchers have proved the effective utilization of wastes in the construction industry as they are more reliable and promote sustainability. This paper reviews waste generation and its statistics as well as environmental implication caused by wastes. It also high lights the possible ways of wastes that can be used in construction, preparation of blocks, insulators etc. This study also provides summary of existing research about usage of Agri and industrial wastes in the construction industry. In addition, paper shows application of wastes in real time construction.
Effect of size and depth on capacities of strip footings in limiting settlement approach
Authors: Shetty Tanisha , Sajeev Sanjana , Ali Mir Basith , Vandanapu Ramesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural and geotechnical engineers very often seek different options while deciding foundation sizes for buildings. In this research, the effect of different sizes and depths of strip footings below existing ground are studied based on the load bearing capacity using Geo5 spread footing software. Only vertical loadings were taken into account for this study. Four different strip footing widths (1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m and 2.5m) were modeled under three different loads, 260kN, 600kN and 1000kN. The ground profile considered in this work was having a 2.0m thick weak layer at 6.0m below the existing ground level. Results showed that as the depth of footing increases, the depth of influence underneath the footing and settlement decreases. Also, it was noticed that as the footing width increases, the influence zone’s depth below the footing that passing the weak layer increases.
Effects of Different Expansive Agents on the Properties of Expansive Cementitious Materials
Authors: Mahmood Abir , Amrul Kaish A. B. M. , Raman Sudharshan N. , Jamil M. , Hamid Roszilah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cracking happens in the case of restricted volumetric shrinking in cementitious materials which has a negative influence on the mechanical characteristics and longevity of concrete materials and hence, reduces the life of concrete structures. Many techniques have been developed to reduce the shrinkage cracking of concrete among which, usage of expansive agents (EA) has been utilised for decades. Different types of EA creates divergence due to its chemical characteristics. In this paper, three main categories (CaO, MgO & Sulphoaluminate based) EA have been reviewed based on four criteria of concrete structures, such as strength, expansibility, durability and flowability. The review clearly indicates that CaO-based EA boosts the strength but unable to control the temperature rise, which results in thermal cracking in the long run. While MgO-based EA is vastly used in China and Sulphoaluminate based EA have been industrially used worldwide for decades, both of these agents can successfully compensate thermal shrinkage while maintaining adequate mechanical strength and durability. Beside all this differences, all types of EA have been reported to decelerate the flowability of the concrete.