bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry and Automorphisms of Non-Kähler Holomorphic Symplectic Manifolds
Authors: Bogomolov Fedor , Kurnosov Nikon , Kuznetsova Alexandra , Yasinsky Egor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the only one known class of non-Kähler irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds, described in the works by D. Guan and the 1st author. Any such manifold $Q$ of dimension $2n-2$ is obtained as a finite degree $n^2$ cover of some non-Kähler manifold $W_F$, which we call the base of $Q$. We show that the algebraic reduction of $Q$ and its base is the projective space of dimension $n-1$. Besides, we give a partial classification of submanifolds in $Q$, describe the degeneracy locus of its algebraic reduction and prove that the automorphism group of $Q$ satisfies the Jordan property.
Meeting the challenge: Health information technology’s essential role in achieving precision medicine
Authors: Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Chaney Kevin J , Rogers Courtney C , Denny Joshua C , White P. Jon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Precision medicine can revolutionize health care by tailoring treatments to individual patient needs. Advancing precision medicine requires evidence development through research that combines needed data, including clinical data, at an unprecedented scale. Widespread adoption of health information technology (IT) has made digital clinical data broadly available. These data and information systems must evolve to support precision medicine research and delivery. Specifically, relevant health IT data, infrastructure, clinical integration, and policy needs must be addressed. This article outlines those needs and describes work the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology is leading to improve health IT through pilot projects and standards and policy development. The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology will build on these efforts and continue to coordinate with other key stakeholders to achieve the vision of precision medicine. Advancement of precision medicine will require ongoing, collaborative health IT policy and technical initiatives that advance discovery and transform healthcare delivery.
Identification of social determinants of health using multi-label classification of electronic health record clinical notes
Authors: Stemerman Rachel , Arguello Jaime , Brice Jane , Krishnamurthy Ashok , Houston Mary , Kitzmiller Rebecca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Social determinants of health (SDH), key contributors to health, are rarely systematically measured and collected in the electronic health record (EHR). We investigate how to leverage clinical notes using novel applications of multi-label learning (MLL) to classify SDH in mental health and substance use disorder patients who frequent the emergency department.

Methods and Materials
We labeled a gold-standard corpus of EHR clinical note sentences (N = 4063) with 6 identified SDH-related domains recommended by the Institute of Medicine for inclusion in the EHR. We then trained 5 classification models: linear-Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, XGBoost, and bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BI-LSTM). We adopted 5 common evaluation measures: accuracy, average precision–recall (AP), area under the curve receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC), Hamming loss, and log loss to compare the performance of different methods for MLL classification using the F1 score as the primary evaluation metric.

Results
Our results suggested that, overall, BI-LSTM outperformed the other classification models in terms of AUC-ROC (93.9), AP (0.76), and Hamming loss (0.12). The AUC-ROC values of MLL models of SDH related domains varied between (0.59–1.0). We found that 44.6% of our study population (N = 1119) had at least one positive documentation of SDH.

Discussion and Conclusion
The proposed approach of training an MLL model on an SDH rich data source can produce a high performing classifier using only unstructured clinical notes. We also provide evidence that model performance is associated with lexical diversity by health professionals and the auto-generation of clinical note sentences to document SDH.
Identification of Reticulitermes Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in the Eastern United States Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats
Authors: Janowiecki M A , Austin J W , Szalanski A L , Vargo E L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the eastern United States, there are nine species of subterranean termites in three genera: Reticulitermes (six species), Coptotermes (two species), and Prorhinotermes (one species). These species serve as important ecological players by decomposing cellulose material, and some are important structural pests. Many of these species are difficult to discriminate morphologically and require examining the reproductive or soldier castes, which can be difficult to collect. While some genetic tools have been developed for species identification, they are often expensive and time-consuming. To help facilitate identification, we developed a more cost-effective and rapid genetic method to identify Reticulitermes species by screening 10 PCR primers that amplified inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) in other termite species. From these, one primer was amplified in all five focal Reticulitermes species and contained conserved, species-specific fragments. We further screened this identification method on samples of each species covering a diversity of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and localities. This identification method utilizing ISSRs can be used to quickly identify five species of Reticulitermes subterranean termites in the eastern United States in a matter of hours, providing a useful technique for pest management as well as future ecological research.
The Behavioral Elasticity of Tax Revenue
Authors: Hemel Daniel J , Weisbach David A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents a measure of the efficiency consequences of changes to tax policies that inform a wide range of tax law debates. Building upon recent extensions to the “elasticity of taxable income” concept, we clarify the relationship among revenue effects, administrative costs, and compliance costs. The resulting measure—the behavioral elasticity of tax revenue (BETR)—captures the change in total resources resulting from marginal changes in tax rates, the tax base, or tax enforcement. We illustrate the BETR’s utility through a series of case studies. We also show how the BETR can help policy makers select more efficient redistributive mechanisms.
Minor modification of frequency modulated call parameters underlies a shift in behavioral response in the Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger
Authors: Zhang Chunmian , Sun Congnan , Wang Zhiqiang , Lin Peichen , Xiao Yanhong , Metzner Walter , Feng Jiang , Jiang Tinglei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Different categories of social calls may be used in a variety of behavioral contexts and may have different functions. Here, we show that Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats emit two types of calls: bent upward frequency modulated (bUFM) calls emitted during agonistic interactions between two bats that have perched close to each other and stepped upward frequency modulated (sUFM) calls emitted by a roosting individual when a free-flying bat approached. There were significant differences in acoustic parameters between bUFM calls and sUFM calls. Moreover, we tested different choices of Hipposideros armiger to playback of bUFM calls and sUFM calls. The bats avoided the location of bUFM call playbacks independent of the simultaneous playback of echolocation pulses, silence, or sUFM calls. The bats also avoided approaching the side of the flight room where sUFM calls were broadcast when also presented with playbacks of echolocation pulses, but not when simultaneously presented with silence. The results suggest that bUFM calls may serve the function of territorial defense, while sUFM calls may convey warning information. Our results, therefore, imply that the two types of calls have different functions depending on behavioral context. These differences in function suggest that bats can detect context-dependent modifications of acoustic cues across the two types of social calls.
Tracking The Price of Almonds in Spain
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Francisco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI look for signs of manipulation of the price of almonds in the markets of Albacete, Murcia, and Reus in Spain. To that end, I use Benford’s Law to analyze the distribution of the second and third digits of the price of almonds. I find that prices in the Albacete and Reus markets deviate from Benford’s Law, especially for the third digit, and those in the Murcia market deviate from Benford’s Law for the second digit but not for the third digit. I therefore find signs that the price of almonds in the Spain’s main markets is being manipulated.
Comparative bioavailability of curcuminoids from a water-dispersible high curcuminoid turmeric extract against a generic turmeric extract: a randomized, cross-over, comparative, pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Thanawala Shefali , Shah Rajat , Alluri KrishnaRaju Venkata , Somepalli Venkateswarlu , Vaze Sanjay , Upadhyay Vivek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The therapeutic utility of turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) is limited due to low bioavailability of its active principal curcuminoids. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a natural, water-dispersible turmeric extract containing 60% curcuminoids (TurmXtra 60N), referred to as WDTE60N, compared to standard turmeric extract 95% (STE95).

Methods
This open-label, two-way crossover, single oral dose, comparative pharmacokinetic study, randomized 14 subjects to receive one capsule of WDTE60N (150 mg curcuminoids) or three capsules of STE95 (500 mg curcuminoids each). The resulting dose ratio of actives for WDTE60N:STE95 was 1:10.

Key findings
Peak plasma levels of free curcumin, total curcuminoids, tetrahydrocurcumin and demethoxycurcumin were similar (P &gt; 0.05). Cmax of total curcumin was higher (P = 0.0253) for WDTE60N at a 10-fold lower dose compared to STE95 (43.5 ± 28.5 vs. 21.3 ± 10.7 ng/ml). Mean AUC0-t was higher (P &lt; 0.001) for free curcumin and comparable for total curcumin and total curcuminoids with WDTE60N than with STE95. Five adverse events were reported in three subjects (mild in severity) and were unrelated to study products.

Conclusion
WDTE60N showed higher absorption and comparable exposure for free curcumin, total curcumin and total curcuminoids at a 10-fold lower dose than STE95.
Sucrose transport and metabolism control carbon partitioning between stem and grain in rice
Authors: Mathan Jyotirmaya , Singh Anuradha , Ranjan Aashish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSource–sink relationships are key to overall crop performance. Detailed understanding of the factors that determine source–sink dynamics is imperative for the balance of biomass and grain yield in crop plants. We investigated the differences in source–sink relationships between a cultivated rice, Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare, and a wild rice, Oryza australiensis, which show striking differences in biomass and grain yield. Oryza australiensis, which accumulates a higher biomass, not only showed higher photosynthesis per unit leaf area but also exported more sucrose from leaves compared with Nipponbare. However, grain features and sugar content suggested limited sucrose mobilization to grains in the wild rice due to vasculature and sucrose transporter functions. Low cell wall invertase activity and high sucrose synthase cleavage activity followed by higher expression of cellulose synthase genes in O. australiensis stem indicated that it utilized photosynthates preferentially for the synthesis of structural carbohydrates, resulting in high biomass. In contrast, source–sink relationships favored high grain yield in Nipponbare via accumulation of transitory starch in the stem, due to higher expression of starch biosynthetic genes, which is mobilized to panicles at the grain filling stage. Thus, vascular features, sucrose transport, and functions of sugar metabolic enzymes explained the differences in source–sink relationships between Nipponbare and O. australiensis.
Flip mechanism of Jupiter-crossing orbits in the non-hierarchical triple system
Authors: Li Miao , Lei Hanlun , Huang Yukun , Gong Shengping 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
With the discovery of more and more retrograde minor bodies, retrograde orbits’ production mechanism has attracted much attention. However, almost all of the current research on the flip mechanism is based on the hierarchical approximation. In this paper, we study the flip mechanism of Jupiter-crossing orbits in a non-hierarchical Sun–Jupiter triple system. Numerical experiments summarize the characteristics of flipping orbits, and this provides essential guidance for the semi-analytical method. The i − Ω portraits of flipping particles are obtained and verified by numerical integrations. Based on the previous numerical experiments, 200 000 test particles in a particular range are generated and integrated over 1 Myr. The flip region on the entire a − e parameter space is obtained. For each grid of the flip area, we plot the i − Ω portrait and measure the corresponding Jupiter’s flip ability. The gaps around the mean motion resonances (MMRs) in the flip region are also investigated. The MMRs protect the particles in these gaps from flips. Different resonant widths cause the differences in the size of these gaps. The flip mechanism is systematically studied in a planet-crossing system. The complete map of Jupiter’s flip ability in the entire flip region is depicted. Given the orbital parameters of the particle, we can assess whether the flip will occur in Jupiter’s presence. Our work can also apply to build the flip maps of other massive planets. And it may help understand the evolution of retrograde minor bodies.
Resolved H i in two ultra-diffuse galaxies from contrasting non-cluster environments
Authors: Scott T C , Sengupta Chandreyee , Lagos P , Chung Aeree , Wong O Ivy 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on the first resolved H i observations of two blue ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). These observations add to the so-far limited number of UDGs with resolved H i data. The targets are from contrasting non-cluster environments: UDG-B1 is projected in the outskirts of Hickson Compact Group 25 and Secco-dI-2 (SdI-2) is an isolated UDG. These UDGs also have contrasting effective radii with Re of 3.7 kpc (similar to the Milky Way) and 1.3 kpc, respectively. SdI-2 has an unusually large $\frac{M_{\rm H\,{\small I}}}{M_*}$ ratio = 28.9, confirming a previous single dish H i observation. Both galaxies display H i morphological and kinematic signatures consistent with a recent tidal interaction, which is also supported by observations from other wavelengths, including optical spectroscopy. Within the limits of the observations’ resolution our analysis indicates that SdI-2 is dark matter dominated within its H i radius and this is also likely to be the case for UDG-B1. Our study highlights the importance of high spatial and spectral resolution H i observations for the study of the dark matter properties of UDGs.
Equilibrium sequences of differentially rotating stars with post-merger-like rotational profiles
Authors: Iosif Panagiotis , Stergioulas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present equilibrium sequences of rotating relativistic stars, constructed with a new rotation law that was proposed by Uryū et al. (2017). We choose rotational parameters motivated by simulations of binary neutron star merger remnants, but otherwise adopt a cold, relativistic N = 1 polytropic EOS, in order to perform a detailed comparison to published equilibrium sequences that used the Komatsu, Eriguchi and Hachisu (1989) rotation law. We find a small influence of the choice of rotation law on the mass of the equilibrium models and a somewhat larger influence on their radius. The versatility of the new rotation law allows us to construct models that have a similar rotational profile and axial ratio as observed for merger remnants, while at the same time being quasi-spherical. More specifically, we construct equilibrium sequence variations with different degrees of differential rotation and identify type A and type C solutions, similar to the corresponding types in the classification of Ansorg, Gondek-Rosińska and Villain (2009). While our models are highly accurate solutions of the fully general relativistic structure equations, we demonstrate that for models relevant to merger remnants the IWM-CFC approximation still maintains an acceptable accuracy.
Mechanisms of spacer acquisition by sequential assembly of the adaptation module in Synechocystis
Authors: Wu Chengyong , Tang Dongmei , Cheng Jie , Hu Daojun , Yang Zejing , Ma Xue , He Haihuai , Yao Shaohua , Fu Tian-Min , Yu Yamei , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
CRISPR–Cas immune systems process and integrate short fragments of DNA from new invaders as spacers into the host CRISPR locus to establish molecular memory of prior infection, which is also known as adaptation in the field. Some CRISPR–Cas systems rely on Cas1 and Cas2 to complete the adaptation process, which has been characterized in a few systems. In contrast, many other CRISPR–Cas systems require an additional factor of Cas4 for efficient adaptation, the mechanism of which remains less understood. Here we present biochemical reconstitution of the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 type I-D adaptation system, X-ray crystal structures of Cas1–Cas2–prespacer complexes, and negative stained electron microscopy structure of the Cas4–Cas1 complex. Cas4 and Cas2 compete with each other to interact with Cas1. In the absence of prespacer, Cas4 but not Cas2 assembles with Cas1 into a very stable complex for processing the prespacer. Strikingly, the Cas1-prespacer complex develops a higher binding affinity toward Cas2 to form the Cas1–Cas2–prespacer ternary complex for integration. Together, we show a two-step sequential assembly mechanism for the type I-D adaptation module of Synechocystis, in which Cas4–Cas1 and Cas1–Cas2 function as two exclusive complexes for prespacer processing, capture, and integration.
Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Ren Junzhen , Bi Pengqing , Zhang Jianqi , Liu Jiao , Wang Jingwen , Xu Ye , Wei Zhixiang , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC71BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.
Fatal FrontierTemporal and Spatial Considerations of the Native Mounted Police and Colonial Violence Across Queensland
Authors: Wallis Lynley A. , Burke Heather , Barker Bryce , Cole Noelene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past two decades, archaeologists have explored aspects of Indigenous agency to better encompass experiences of cross-cultural contact in colonial Australia. Yet the area of frontier conflict has largely remained the purview of historians, in part because of challenges in identifying such events archaeologically. One alternative means through which to consider frontier conflict is to investigate the material remains of colonial policing forces. This article focuses on the camps of the Native Mounted Police, a paramilitary government force that operated in Queensland from 1849 (before the state was officially established) until the early decades of the twentieth century. During this period, this force variously occupied 174 camp sites across Queensland, spread unevenly across pastoral and biogeographic districts. By mapping known events of frontier conflict (whether they be attacks on Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal people, stock, and/or property) across the state, we demonstrate that the extent and nature of frontier conflict was highly variable spatially and temporally, and was tied into a largely negative feedback loop with the deployment of the Native Mounted Police. Although Native Mounted Police camps did not form a defensive cordon of structures akin to a ‘frontier line’ across Queensland, they demarcated a frontier ‘zone’ that was contested, precarious, and violent. The fact that so many camps were required for such a long period provides clear evidence of the persistent and determined resistance of Aboriginal peoples to the theft of their land and the bloodshed that resulted.
Bisexuality: Narrating Sexual Fluidity
Authors: Turai Ráhel K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter attends to bisexuality in places where it is not specifically named, such as in narratives of sexual fluidity over the lifespan. Building on a history of bisexual research addressing sexual desires, practices, and identities alongside biphobia, the chapter proposes a life narrative framework for the sociolinguistic examination of bisexuality that approaches sexual desires as both signs and effects. An analysis of a personal biography describing the process of lesbian self-realization at the end of state socialism in Hungary highlights the impact of compulsory heterosexuality on women’s lives, exposing the effects of gender hierarchy and its associated economics on the interpretation and realization of same-sex desire. However, the analysis also reveals continuities between the previous socialist culture of silence regarding homosexuality and the current capitalist culture of sexual objectification, which upholds heterosexuality by encouraging “performative bisexuality.” The chapter stresses the importance of attending to situated hierarchies of class, gender, and sexuality in the sociolinguistic study of bisexuality.