bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of KIF4A as a pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker via bioinformatics analysis and validation in osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Pan Jiankang , Lei Xiaohua , Mao Xinzhan 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cancer is a disease of abnormal cell proliferation caused by abnormal expression of cancer-related genes. However, it is still difficult to distinguish benign and malignant lesions in many cases. KIF4A has been reported to be associated with a variety of cancer lesions. We aimed to explore whether KIF4A could be used as a biomarker of pan-cancer diagnostic.

Methods
We identified twenty-eight cell cycle-related genes that were overexpressed in no less than ten types of cancer. We determined KIF4A mRNA and protein expression in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Furthermore, to determine the effect of KIF4A in OS, we silenced KIF4A in OS cells and detected cell viability, colony formation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle parameters.

Results
KIF4A exhibited upregulated expression in eleven types of cancer. Cell cycle-related genes are extensively overexpressed in various types of cancers. KIF4A overexpression can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in various cancers. Silencing KIF4A inhibited the viability, colony formation, invasion and migration and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of OS cells. Our findings revealed that high expression of KIF4A could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in OS cancers.

Conclusion
KIF4A could serve as a pan-cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker. KIF4A could be used as a novel therapeutic target for OS.
Causes of Stress and Coping Strategies among Final Year Students in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Akunne L. I. , Nnadi G. C. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The study determined, the causes of stress among final year students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study further determined coping strategies used in managing stress among final year students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Study Design: Descriptive survey research design
Place and Duration of Study: Final year students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria, between 2019/2020.
Methodology:Stratified disproportionate random sampling was used to select 360 final year student’s 2019/2020. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled causes of stress and coping strategies questionnaire. Cronbach alpha formula which yielded correlation coefficient of 0.70. Out of 360 copies of the questionnaire administered, 351 were correctly filled and returned giving a percentage return rate of 0.98. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The criterion mean was set at 2.50 and above as agree and below 2.49 as disagree.
Results: results presented in Table 1 reports that out of 11 causes of stress listed, respondents rated all the items agreed with mean score ranging from 2.74 to 3.77. Similarly, the grand mean score of 3.16 indicates that final year students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria agreed that the items listed are causes of stress among students. The standard deviation is heterogenous, this implies that the respondents’ scores are widely apart from the mean rating scores. The study further revealed that that out of 11 items listed on coping strategies used in managing stress, the respondents agreed that items 12, 15, 16, 17. 20 and 21 are coping strategies for managing stress while they disagreed on five items as coping strategies used in managing stress. The grand mean score of 2.56 indicates that final year students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria agreed that majority of the items listed are coping strategies used in managing stress. From the standard deviations scores recorded, there is homogeneity in respondents’ ratings.
Conclusion: In conclusion, stress exist and is caused by so many factors such as academic pressure, social problem, family stress, financial burden, management skills, uncomfortable classroom, adjustment to new environment among others. It is also concluded that students adopt and employ various coping strategies in managing stress. These strategies range from going for sporting activities when stressed, listening to music, and hanging out with friends and relatives for extra social activities.
Wiener Index of Some Operations on Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Al-Emrany Saqr H. , Shubatah Mahiuob M. Q. , Al-Mekhlafi Abdullah Q. 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the concept of the Wiener index in some operations on fuzzy graphs was introduced and investigated. The bound of W(G) of some operations on fuzzy graphs are obtained like union, join, Cartesian product, composition, complete fuzzy graph, and bipartite complete fuzzy graph.
Data Hiding in Digital Image for Efficient Information Safety Based on Residue Number System
Authors: Eseyin Joseph B. , Gbolagade Kazeem A. 
Published: May 2021

The mass dispersal of digital communication requires the special measures of safety. The need for safe communication is greater than ever before, with computer networks now managing almost all of our business and personal affairs. Information security has become a major concern in our digital lives. The creation of new transmission technologies forces a specific protection mechanisms strategy particularly in data communication state.
We proposed a steganography method in this paper, which reads the message, converting it into its Residue Number System equivalent using the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), encrypting it using the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm before embedding it in a digital image using the Least Significant Bit algorithm of steganography and then transmitting it through to the appropriate destination and from which the information required to reconstruct the original message is extracted. These techniques will enhance the ability to hide data and the hiding of ciphers in steganographic image and the implementation of CRT will make the device more efficient and stronger. It reduces complexity problems and improved execution speed and reduced the time taken for processing the encryption and embedding competencies.
Comparative Modelling of Price Volatility in Nigerian Crude Oil Markets Using Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH Models
Authors: Dum Deebom Zorle , Dimkpa Mazi Yellow , Ele Chims Benjamin , Chinedu Richard Igbudu , Emugha George Laurretta 
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at developing an appropriate GARCH model for modelling in Nigerian Crude Oil Prices Markets using symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH models while the specific objectives of the study include to: build an appropriate Symmetric and asymmetric Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedacity (GARCH) model for Nigerian Crude Oil Prices, compare the advantage of using Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH. The data for the study was extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria online statistical database starting from January, 1982 to December, 2018. The software used in estimating the parameters of the model is Econometric view (Eview) software version ten (10). Two classes of models were used in the study; they are symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH models. The results of the estimated models revealed that Asymmetric GARCH model (EGARCH (1,1) in student’s-t error assumption gave a better fit than the first order Symmetric GARCH models. Also, Using EGARCH (1,1) models with their corresponding error distribution in estimating crude oil price was found that the larger the size of the estimated news components of the model, the higher the negative news associated with high impact of volatility. This means that conditional volatility estimated using EGARCH model has strong asymmetric characteristic which is prone to news sensitivity. Based on the above findings, recommendations were made in the study.
Self-stigma in Patients with Schizophrenia in a Psychiatry Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinjola O. , Lawal R. A. , Abayomi M. O. , Adeosun I. I. , Adefemi A. A. , Adegbaju D. A. , Agbir T. M. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: Schizophrenia is a devastating and disabling disorder associated with long term negative consequences and may require lifelong treatment. It is often complicated with self-stigma which makes treatment difficult and may be a source of complications. Ensuring good outcome will therefore, involve taking cognizance of self-stigma in the treatment plan. Studies examining self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia is scanty in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia as well as identifying some of the correlates of self-stigma in the patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient clinic of a Neuropsychiatry hospital in Lagos state, Nigeria.
Methodology: 320 adult patients with schizophrenia were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. MINI international Neuropsychiatric interview (Psychotic disorder module) was used to confirm the diagnosis, after which socio-demographic questionnaire and the Internalized Stigma of Mental illness Inventory (ISMI), were administered to the patients. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 16 and the result presented in frequency tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation where necessary.
Results: Majority of the participants (83.4%) were less than 50 years old, they were mostly females (57.2%), of Yoruba ethnic group (59.7%), Christians (75.6%), and were low-income earners, earning either no income or less than ₦18,000 monthly (72.2%). Also, over four-fifth (86.2%) had good social support. Over a third (38.1%), were married, with about 80 percent of these living with their spouses while 46.5% were never married. The prevalence of self-stigma was 25.3%. Educational attainment below secondary school and multiple illness episodes were found to predict self-stigma in the study.
Conclusion: Self-stigma is common in schizophrenia and its consideration in management is necessary for a good treatment outcome.
Assessing the role of rare genetic variants in drug‐resistant, non‐lesional focal epilepsy
Authors: Wolking Stefan , Moreau Claudia , McCormack Mark , Krause Roland , Krenn Martin ,   EpiPGx Consortium, Berkovic Samuel , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Delanty Norman , Depondt Chantal , Johnson Michael R. , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Kunz Wolfram S. , Lerche Holger , Marson Anthony G. , O’Brien Terence J. , Petrovski Slave , Sander Josemir W. , Sills Graeme J. , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Zimprich Fritz , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Girard Simon L. , Cossette Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveResistance to antiseizure medications (ASMs) is one of the major concerns in the treatment of epilepsy. Despite the increasing number of ASMs available, the proportion of individuals with drug‐resistant epilepsy remains unchanged. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of rare genetic variants in ASM resistance.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing of 1,128 individuals with non‐familial non‐acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE) (762 non‐responders, 366 responders) and were provided with 1,734 healthy controls. We undertook replication in a cohort of 350 individuals with NAFE (165 non‐responders, 185 responders). We performed gene‐based and gene‐set‐based kernel association tests to investigate potential enrichment of rare variants in relation to drug response status and to risk for NAFE.ResultsWe found no gene or gene set that reached genome‐wide significance. Yet, we identified several prospective candidate genes – among them DEPDC5, which showed a potential association with resistance to ASMs. We found some evidence for an enrichment of truncating variants in dominant familial NAFE genes in our cohort of non‐familial NAFE and in association with drug‐resistant NAFE.InterpretationOur study identifies potential candidate genes for ASM resistance. Our results corroborate the role of rare variants for non‐familial NAFE and imply their involvement in drug‐resistant epilepsy. Future large‐scale genetic research studies are needed to substantiate these findings.
The Impact of UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy on the Field of Organic Optoelectronics—A Retrospective
Authors: Olthof Selina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe field of organic electronics has been of widespread interest for a long time. Over the years, device efficiencies increased steadily due to the development of new materials, as well as an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms governing underlying fundamental processes such as charge transport or charge carrier generation and recombination. Especially the positions of energy levels that are responsible for the charge transport throughout a device are of paramount importance. This generated a high demand for reliably measured values. The most important technique that can directly access these values in a thin film is photoelectron spectroscopy. The very fruitful collaboration between surface scientists and device specialists is ​ reviewed here, showing a range of experiments through which UV photoelectron spectroscopy helped to unravel the working mechanisms of organic semiconductors in devices.
Towards an Effective Synthesis of Difunctionalized Heptacyclo [6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14]tetradecane: Ligand Effects on the Cage Assembly and Selective C−H Arylation Reactions
Authors: Marset Xavier , Recort‐Fornals Martí , Kpante Malkaye , Zieliński Adam , Golz Christopher , Wolf Lawrence M. , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of strong π‐acceptor polyfluorinated and dicationic chelating phosphines have been synthesized and evaluated in the Rh‐catalysed dimerization of norbornadiene (NBD) into its thermodynamically more stable dimer, heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane (HCTD). While dicationic ligands direct the dimerization towards HCTD, by the use of neutral polyfluorinated ancillary ligands endo‐endo‐heptacyclo [8.4.0.02,12.03,8.04,6.05,9.011,13]tetradecane (BINOR−S) is selectively obtained. In addition, a selective Pd‐catalysed arylation at position C8 of the HCTD framework is achieved by the use of a picolylamide directing group previously attached at C1. Theoretical calculations have been performed to understand the origin of that regioselectivity.magnified image
High‐Temperature and Chemically Resistant Foams from Sustainable Nanostructured Protein
Authors: Ye Xinchen , Capezza Antonio J. , Gowda Vasantha , Olsson Richard T. , Lendel Christofer , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCovalently crosslinked protein networks produced from whey protein nanofibrils (PNFs) are demonstrated to be sustainable high‐performance foams that show chemical resistance and mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness on harsh aging at 150 °C. The aged foams are able to retain their properties at 180 °C for as long as 24 h, far exceeding the properties of most classical petroleum‐based thermoplastics. The foams are further developed into soft foams by the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer. The improvement in the mechanical performance of the foams with aging, which is equivalent to an increase by one order of magnitude in modulus and yield strength, is confirmed to be associated with (iso)peptide crosslinks. The results open the way for using protein‐based foam materials in severe/corrosive environments such as filtration, thermal insulation, and fluid absorption. The protein foams produced are suggested as suitable alternatives to petroleum‐based porous polymers.
Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist
Authors: Barbero‐Castillo Almudena , Riefolo Fabio , Matera Carlo , Caldas‐Martínez Sara , Mateos‐Aparicio Pedro , Weinert Julia F. , Garrido‐Charles Aida , Claro Enrique , Sanchez‐Vives Maria V. , Gorostiza Pau 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability to control neural activity is essential for research not only in basic neuroscience, as spatiotemporal control of activity is a fundamental experimental tool, but also in clinical neurology for therapeutic brain interventions. Transcranial‐magnetic, ultrasound, and alternating/direct current (AC/DC) stimulation are some available means of spatiotemporal controlled neuromodulation. There is also light‐mediated control, such as optogenetics, which has revolutionized neuroscience research, yet its clinical translation is hampered by the need for gene manipulation. As a drug‐based light‐mediated control, the effect of a photoswitchable muscarinic agonist (Phthalimide‐Azo‐Iper (PAI)) on a brain network is evaluated in this study. First, the conditions to manipulate M2 muscarinic receptors with light in the experimental setup are determined. Next, physiological synchronous emergent cortical activity consisting of slow oscillations—as in slow wave sleep—is transformed into a higher frequency pattern in the cerebral cortex, both in vitro and in vivo, as a consequence of PAI activation with light. These results open the way to study cholinergic neuromodulation and to control spatiotemporal patterns of activity in different brain states, their transitions, and their links to cognition and behavior. The approach can be applied to different organisms and does not require genetic manipulation, which would make it translational to humans.
Double Ionic–Electronic Transfer Interface Layers for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jingang , Sun Chengguo , Wang Zhenxing , Liu Shaojun , An Baigang , Sun Zhenhua , Li Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale implementation of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries is impeded by the physical limitations of the interface between the electrode and solid electrolyte; specifically, high resistance and poor stability, as well as poor compatibility with Li+ migration. We report double ionic–electronic transfer interface layers grown at electrode–electrolyte interfaces by in situ polymerization of 2,2′‐bithiophene in polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolyte. For all‐solid‐state LiFePO4∥PT‐PEO‐PT∥Li cells, the formation of a conductive polythiophene (PT) layer at the cathode–electrolyte interface resulted in an at least sevenfold decrease in interface resistance, and realized a capacity retention of about 94 % after 1000 cycles along with a lower polarization voltage under a rate of 2 C. The mixed ionic–electronic conductive layers imparted superior interface stability and contact while keeping good compatibility with the Li anode.
Bioorthogonal Hydroamination of Push–Pull‐Activated Linear Alkynes
Authors: Kang Dahye , Cheung Sheldon T. , Kim Justin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA bioorthogonal reaction between N,N‐dialkylhydroxylamines and push–pull‐activated halogenated alkynes is described. We explore the use of rehybridization effects in activating alkynes, and we show that electronic effects, when competing stereoelectronic and inductive factors are properly balanced, sufficiently activate a linear alkyne in the uncatalyzed conjugative retro‐Cope elimination reaction while adequately protecting it against cellular nucleophiles. This design preserves the low steric profile of an alkyne and pairs it with a comparably unobtrusive hydroxylamine. The kinetics are on par with those of the fastest strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the products regioselectively formed, the components sufficiently stable and easily installed, and the reaction suitable for cellular labeling.
Investigation of tensile behavior and molecular structure of the thermoplastic polyurethane sheets injection molded at different mold temperatures
Authors: Xiang Ning , Zhang Xiaowen , Zheng Mengyao , Xu Ruijie , Yan Yue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the influence of the mold temperature on the mechanical responses at different ambient temperature and molecular structure of the injection molded TPU sheets. The tensile properties of the TPU sheets prepared at different mold temperatures were obtained at different ambient temperatures. As the mold temperature increases, both the elongation at break and tensile strength of the specimens increase. The specimens show yield behavior during stretching at −30 and −50°C. The microstructure of the TPU sheets was characterized by DMA, AFM, and birefringence. The results show that the higher mold temperature can reduce the aggregation of hard domains because of the higher mobility of the hard segments. In‐situ SAXS and WAXS measurements were carried out at −30°C test temperature to exhibit the evolution of the microstructure during stretching. When the specimens are prepared at 40°C mold temperature, the hard domains are destroyed and difficult to orient along the stretching direction. In contrast, the hard domains begin to be deformed and oriented along the stretching direction above the yield strain when the specimens molded at higher mold temperature. The above microstructure evolution is consistent with the tensile behavior of the TPU specimens.
Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Enhanced by Combining Iron‐type Layered Double Hydroxide and Sulfate
Authors: Fuku Kojiro , Kanai Honami , Todoroki Masanobu , Mishima Nanako , Akagi Taisei , Kamegawa Takashi , Ikenaga Naoki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWater pollution derived from organic pollutants is one of the global environmental problems. The Fenton reaction using Fe2+ as a homogeneous catalyst has been known as one of clean methods for oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. Here, a layered double hydroxide (Fe2+Al3+‐LDH) containing Fe2+ and Al3+ in the structure was used to develop a “heterogeneous” Fenton catalyst capable of mineralizing organic pollutants. We found that sulfate ion (SO42−) immobilized on the Fe2+Al3+‐LDH significantly facilitated oxidative degradation (mineralization) of phenol as a model compound of water pollutants to carbon dioxide (CO2) in a heterogeneous Fenton process. The phenol conversion and mineralization efficiency to CO2 reached >99% and ca. 50%, respectively, even with a reaction time of only 60 min.
Liquid‐to‐Solid Phase Transitions of Imidazolium‐Based Zwitterionic Polymers Induced by Hofmeister Anions
Authors: Han Im Kyung , Han Jihoon , Kim Youn Soo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we compared the responses of two different types of zwitterionic polymers (ZPs), polyvinylimidzole sulfobetaine (poly(SBVI)) and polymethacrylate sulfobetaine (poly(SBMA)) to Hofmeister anions. Although the anions of the two ZPs were the same as the sulfonate anions and only the types of their cations were different from each other, the aggregation behavior of each in the salt aqueous solution was remarkably different. Consequently, poly(SBVI) exhibited both salting‐in and salting‐out effects depending on the type and concentration of salt, while poly(SBMA) only exhibited the anti‐polyelectrolyte effect. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the behavior of zwitterionic polymers in salt solutions and will greatly expand their applications.