bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Flunarizine Hydrochloride After Single Oral Doses in Healthy Subjects: Bioequivalence Study and Food Effects
Authors: Xu Yan‐Ying , Yi Zhi‐Heng , Li Xiao‐Min , Li Dai , Pan Lin , Dai Yi‐Xin , Zhong Xue‐Feng , Yan Juan , Xu Ping‐Sheng , Xu Su‐Mei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe designed a study to compare the newly developed 5‐mg flunarizine hydrochloride capsules (test) to that of its marketed counterpart (5‐mg; reference) among healthy adult Chinese volunteers. We performed an open‐label, single‐center study that consisted of 2 randomized, crossover trials, including a fasting trial and a fed trial. In each part of the study, the subjects were randomly assigned to either receive the test or reference products (5‐mg flunarizine) in a 1:1 ratio. Subjects then received the alternative products, following a 14‐day washout period. Concentrations of plasma flunarizine were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters (noncompartmental model) were evaluated using the WinNonlin software. The analysis of variance and Food and Drug Administration bioequivalence statistical criterion of 90% confidence interval for 80% to 125% range (set at P ≤ .05) of geometric means ratios of test: reference product for peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were determined. Tolerability was evaluated during the entire study period. Overall, 23 volunteers completed the fasting study, while 40 volunteers completed the fed study. The test formulation was found to be bioequivalent to the marketed formulation, as the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of geometric means of peak plasma concentration (fasting: 87.61%‐101.67%; fed: 87.38%‐104.06%), AUC from time 0 to time t (fasting: 89.44%‐99.92%; fed: 92.65%‐98.28%), and AUC from time 0 to infinity (fasting: 95.02%‐104.33%; fed: 90.41%‐96.96%) were within equivalence limits (80–125%) under both the fasting and fed conditions. When flunarizine was given alongside high‐fat meals, time to maximum concentration was delayed ≈3.5 hours compared to fasting conditions. Meantime, high‐fat meals increased its exposure by nearly 50%. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events found among the subjects. This study confirmed that test and reference flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were bioequivalent under fasting and postprandial conditions.
Energy‐aware autoscaling for scientific workflow in cloud environment
Authors: Kumari Monika , Sahoo Gadadhar , Kumar Senapati Kishore , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe devices used for information and communication purpose consume an increasing amount of energy. As a result, the datacenters consume a lot of energy. Due to the expanding use of cloud services, there is considerable interest in reducing the energy consumption of datacenters. Effective resource utilization techniques and reduction in energy consumption are two crucial metrics in today's cloud computing environment. Many issues come along with contradicting objectives, viz., minimizing energy consumption raising the expenses of service supply. Autoscaling features of the cloud can bundle these issues. The major hurdle for effective resource scalability is the lack of proper management of energy supply to devices of servers in the datacenter. The main objective of the article is to supply energy to devices as per the allocated job‐size on the interaction of complex energy, to increase the energy utilization of servers. Also, using renewable energy (RE) to supplement the operational energy of the cloud datacenter. In this direction, the article presents a predator‐prey‐based mathematical model for energy scaling that leverages the accessibility of RE source to decrease the high energy demands of the datacenter. It is formalized using ecological concepts of metabolism and allometric scaling. An allometric energy scaling (AES) algorithm is presented. The performance and evaluation of the proposed algorithm are implemented with the Cloudsim 4.0 simulator. The results are compared with the HEFT algorithm, and AES algorithm gives slightly better results in the case of optimum energy consumption and processing cost compared with the HEFT algorithm.
Super‐process interoperability optimization architecture in healthcare ultra‐large‐scale systems: A graph‐based multi‐objective approach
Authors: Shirazi Babak 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe healthcare industry is more challenging and the super‐process interoperability should be planned in order to architecture an informational technology structure of the required data for progression of care. Large‐scale enterprises could be provided cross‐organization super‐processes operations. Therefore, each enterprise's business process management system (BPMS) may be executed cross‐organizational BPM as a kind of the process model. This study proposed a Super‐process Interoperable Optimized Architecture based on BPMS as a paradigm to satisfy the consistency of cross‐organization operations in healthcare industry. For developing the healthcare ultra‐large‐scale process management system (H‐ULS‐PMS), the paper provided interoperability optimization with intelligent recommender system in estimation component of BPMS that has been altered to H‐ULS‐PMS. This system could be recommended the appropriate concept of crossed healthcare process according to the hospitals' requirements. A graph‐based multi‐objective optimization method has been applied to control distributed resources across the hospitals. The community cloud is used as proposed architecture infrastructure for largely scaled interoperability. A practical case in hospital as a research project of a hospital in Dusseldorf‐Wersten of Germany has been studied to show the better interoperability and resource management of the proposed super‐process interoperability architecture.
First‐in‐Human Study of Bamlanivimab in a Randomized Trial of Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Peter , Datta Gourab , Grace Li Ying , Chien Jenny , Price Karen , Chigutsa Emmanuel , Brown‐Augsburger Patricia , Poorbaugh Josh , Fill Jeffrey , Benschop Robert J. , Rouphael Nadine , Kay Ariel , Mulligan Mark J. , Saxena Amit , Fischer William A. , Dougan Michael , Klekotka Paul , Nirula Ajay , Benson Charles 
Published: August 2021

Therapeutics for patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are urgently needed during the pandemic. Bamlanivimab is a potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody that blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) attachment and entry into human cells, which could potentially lead to therapeutic benefit. J2W‐MC‐PYAA was a randomized, double‐blind, sponsor unblinded, placebo‐controlled, single ascending dose first‐in‐human trial (NCT04411628) in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. A total of 24 patients received either placebo or a single dose of bamlanivimab (700 mg, 2,800 mg, or 7,000 mg). The primary objective was assessment of safety and tolerability, including adverse events and serious adverse events, with secondary objectives of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic analyses. Treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates were identical in the placebo and pooled bamlanivimab groups (66.7%). There were no apparent dose‐related increases in the number or severity of TEAEs. There were no serious adverse events or deaths during the study, and no discontinuations due to adverse events. PKs of bamlanivimab is linear and exposure increased proportionally with dose following single i.v. administration. The half‐life was ~ 17 days. These results demonstrate the favorable safety profile of bamlanivimab, and provided the initial critical evaluation of safety, tolerability, and PKs in support of the development of bamlanivimab in several ongoing clinical trials.
Mechanochromic Luminescence and Solid‐State Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Chiral Diamine‐Linked Bispyrene
Authors: Ito Suguru , Sekine Ryohei , Munakata Masayasu , Asami Masatoshi , Tachikawa Takashi , Kaji Daiki , Mishima Kohei , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Suguru Ito, Yoshitane Imai, and co‐workers at Yokohama National University, Kobe University, and Kindai University (Japan). The image shows circularly polarized luminescence of monomer and excimer emission in response to two mechanical stimuli. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.202100087.
Endoscopic diagnosis of Whipple disease in a patient without gastrointestinal symptoms: A case report
Authors: Henmi Yujiro , Hirata Yuki , Koubayashi Eiko , Hara Azusa , Naka Yutaka , Kakimoto Kazuki , Nouda Sadaharu , Kawakami Ken , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhipple's disease is a systemic chronic bacterial infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei, a gram‐positive bacillus. T. whipplei infection in the small intestine often causes malabsorption and is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this report, we describe our experience with a case of Whipple's disease in which the affected patient did not have the typical gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient was an 80‐year‐old male who presented with complaints of weight loss and lower leg edema due to malabsorption and shortness of breath during exertion. A blood test revealed a decreased albumin level and an elevated C‐reactive protein level. Endoscopic images revealed diffuse white villi, the presence of which extended from the duodenum to the upper jejunum. We made a diagnosis of Whipple's disease based on pathological findings associated with the duodenum, electron microscopic findings, and findings of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests (performed using mucosal tissue). Clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings improved with antibiotics. Real‐time PCR tests were performed for a quantitative evaluation of the effect of treatment. Endoscopy is useful for diagnosing Whipple's disease when there is an absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypoalbuminemia of unknown etiology is observed.
Land‐use change alters associations between personality and microhabitat selection
Authors: Brehm Allison M. , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEcologists commonly assess ecological patterns at the population level, focusing on the average response of all individuals within a population, but to predict how populations will respond to land‐use change we must understand how changes to habitat differentially affect individuals within a population. For example, forest management is a widespread type of land‐use that impacts wildlife through the loss of key habitat features, but individuals within a population may vary in their responses to this loss due to differences in habitat selection among individuals. Specifically, intraspecific variation in habitat selection has been linked to animalpersonalities(i.e., consistent behavioral differences among conspecifics), but previous research has not examined whether the relationship between personality and habitat selection is influenced by land‐use change. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the hypothesis that land‐use change alters the association between personality and microhabitat selection in small mammals. Specifically, we investigated two main questions: (1) To what extent are personality type and microhabitat selection correlated among conspecifics? (2) Does land‐use change alter individual patterns of microhabitat selection? To answer these questions, we conducted a large‐scale field experiment over 4 years, contrasting unmanaged forest (control) with managed forest (two silvicultural treatments) in Maine, USA. We examined the relationships between habitat selection and personality traits in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and southern red‐backed voles (Myodes gapperi). We found that personality traits were correlated with microhabitat selection at multiple spatial scales. Furthermore, land‐use change altered these patterns of selection; resulting in either the loss of personality‐associated selection or in novel patterns of selection in managed forests. These findings suggest that promoting structural complexity at multiple spatial scales, such as by interspersing stands of mature forest with managed stands, may maintain a variety of intraspecific habitat selection patterns and the associated ecological outcomes.
Development of Nusselt correlation for heat transfer studies in vertical transport duct using limestone and chalcopyrite for waste heat recovery
Authors: Popuri Ashok Kumar , Kaki Pramod , Nalajala Venkata Swamy , Tondepu Subbaiah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProcess industries deal with high energy inputs and often generate high temperature exit gases, which can potentially be considered as secondary energy sources. If such waste heat is recovered, considerable savings in the net energy demand is possible. This report, based on this objective, details the outcome of an experimental study conducted in a vertical transport duct (riser) where solid particles, through a co‐current contact with hot gas, recover the energy content of the gas. Data relevant to heat transfer patterns are collected as not much information is available in the literature on these aspects. Empirical correlation for heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt Number) is proposed as . Fabricated experimental setup is a prototype of suspension preheater (riser – cyclone combination) used in a modern day cement industry but the correlation can be extended to diverse other industries, where waste heat recovery is possible.
Estimating an exchange‐rate between care‐related and health‐related quality of life outcomes for economic evaluation: An application of the wellbeing valuation method
Authors: Dhanji Nishit , Brouwer Werner , Donaldson Cam , Wittenberg Eve , Al‐Janabi Hareth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuality of life outcomes for family carers and patients may be measured in different ways within the same economic evaluation. We used the wellbeing valuation method to calculate “exchange rates” between care‐related outcomes (the Carer Experience Scale and CarerQoL‐7D) and health‐related (the EQ‐5D‐5L) outcomes. Data on quality of life outcomes were collected through a postal quality of life survey in the UK. A random effects model was used to estimate carers' wellbeing as a function of their EQ‐5D‐5L, Carer Experience Scale (or CarerQoL‐7D) and a set of control variables. When life satisfaction was used as the measure of wellbeing, a one‐point gain in the Carer Experience Scale (0–100 scale) was equivalent (in wellbeing terms) to a 0.014 gain in EQ‐5D‐5L value; and a one point gain in the CarerQoL‐7D (0–100 scale) was equivalent to a 0.033 gain in EQ‐5D‐5L. The exchange rate values were reduced when capability was used as the measure of wellbeing. The exchange rates estimated in this study offer a means to place carer and patient outcomes, measured via different quality of life instruments, on a common scale, although there are important issues to consider in operationalising the technique.
Outcomes of pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Connie W. , Grab Joshua , Tana Michele M. , Irani Roxanna A. , Sarkar Monika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) disproportionately affects young women, which may have implications in pregnancy. However, data on pregnancy outcomes in women with AIH are limited.

Approach and Results
Using weighted discharge data from the United States National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2016, we evaluated pregnancies after 20 weeks gestation and compared outcomes in AIH to other chronic liver diseases (CLD) or no CLD in pregnancy. The association of AIH with maternal and perinatal outcomes was assessed by logistic regression. Among 18,595,345 pregnancies, 935 (<0.001%) had AIH (60 with cirrhosis) and 120,100 (0.006%) had other CLD (845 with cirrhosis). Temporal trends in pregnancies with AIH remained stable from 2008 to 2016 with 1.4–6.8/100,000 pregnancies per year (p = 0.25). On adjusted analysis, the odds of gestational diabetes (GDM) and hypertensive complications (pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) were significantly higher in AIH compared to other CLD (GDM: OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001; hypertensive complications: OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.2, p = 0.05) and also compared to no CLD in pregnancy (GDM: OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6–3.6, p < 0.001; hypertensive complications: OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.1, p = 0.003). AIH was also associated with preterm births when compared with women without CLD (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5, p = 0.01). AIH was not associated with postpartum hemorrhage, maternal, or perinatal death.

Conclusions
Rates of pregnancy in women with AIH have remained stable in recent years, although AIH is associated with notable maternal and perinatal risks, such as GDM, hypertensive complications, and preterm birth. Whether these risks are influenced by steroid use and/or AIH disease activity warrants evaluation. These data support a low risk of postpartum hemorrhage and favorable survival of mothers and infants.
Regulator of G‐protein signaling 14 protects the liver from ischemia–reperfusion injury by suppressing TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 activation
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Kai , Ding Ming‐Jie , Liu Hui , Shi Ji‐Hua , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Wen Pei‐Hao , Zhang Yi , Yan Bing , Guo Dan‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Dan , Tao Ruo‐Lin , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Zhang Yan , Liu Zhen , Guo Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Shui‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI have not been fully elucidated. Regulator of G‐protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that integrates the G‐protein and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, the role of RGS14 in hepatic IRI remains unclear.

Approach and Results
We found that RGS14 expression increased in mice subjected to hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) surgery and during hypoxia reoxygenation in hepatocytes. We constructed global RGS14 knockout (RGS14‐KO) and hepatocyte‐specific RGS14 transgenic (RGS14‐TG) mice to establish 70% hepatic IRI models. Histological hematoxylin and eosin staining, levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, expression of inflammatory factors, and apoptosis were used to assess liver damage and function in these models. We found that RGS14 deficiency significantly aggravated IR‐induced liver injury and activated hepatic inflammatory responses and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, RGS14 overexpression exerted the opposite effect of the RGS14‐deficient models. Phosphorylation of TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and its downstream effectors c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 increased in the liver tissues of RGS14‐KO mice but was repressed in those of RGS14‐TG mice. Furthermore, inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation rescued the effect of RGS14 deficiency on JNK and p38 activation, thus blocking the inflammatory responses and apoptosis.

Conclusions
RGS14 plays a protective role in hepatic IR by inhibiting activation of the TAK1–JNK/p38 signaling pathway. This may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing incidences of hepatic IRI in the future.
HIV/AIDS policy‐making in Iran: A stakeholder analysis
Authors: Khodayari‐Zarnaq Rahim , Ravaghi Hamid , Mosaddegh‐rad Ali Mohammad , Jalilian Habib , Bazyar Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe present study aims to identify and analyze HIV/AIDS stakeholders in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative stakeholder analysis was conducted in 2018 nationwide, both retrospectively and prospectively. Purposive sampling was applied and followed by snowball sampling until data saturation. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Also, MAXQDA (Version 11) and Policy Maker software (version 4) was applied.FindingsA total of 44 stakeholders were identified and categorized into 23 active and 21 inactive stakeholders. The Ministry of Education and Iran Broadcasting have moderate participation in this regard. Supreme Council of Health and NGOs have low participation. The Ministry of Health (MoH), State Welfare Organization, Blood Transfusion Organization, and the State Prisons are interested in HIV/AIDS policymaking. The MoH is the main body responsible for the stewardship of HIV/AIDS in Iran but does not have enough authority to handle the issue.ConclusionConsidering multidimensional nature of HIV/AIDS, there are many stakeholders regarding HIV/AIDS control. The process of HIV/AIDS ‐policy making is fragmented in Iran. Despite multiple active and potential stakeholders in this field, there is no integrated system to involve all stakeholders in the process of HIV/AIDS policy‐making. Therefore, given the importance of the issue, an upstream entity is needed to coordinate and mobilize all stakeholders associated with managing and controlling HIV/AIDS.
Impacts of El Niño–southern oscillation on global runoff: Characteristic signatures and potential mechanisms
Authors: You Yuanyuan , Liu Jianyu , Zhang Yongqiang , Beck Hylke E. , Gu Xihui , Kong Dongdong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRunoff signatures, including low flow, high flow, mean flow and flow variability, have important implications on the environment and society, predominantly through drought, flooding and water resources. Yet, the response of runoff signatures has not been previously investigated at the global scale, and the influencing mechanisms are largely unclear. Hence, this study makes a global assessment of runoff signature responses to the El Niño and La Niña phases using daily streamflow observations from 8217 gauging stations during 1960–2015. Based on the Granger causality test, we found that ~15% of the hydrological stations of multiple runoff signatures show a significant causal relationship with El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO). The quantiles of all runoff signatures were larger during the El Niño phase than during the La Niña phase, implying that the entire flow distribution tends to shift upward during El Niño and downward during La Niña. In addition, El Niño has different effects on low and high flows: it tends to increase the low and mean flow signatures but reduces the high flow and flow variability signatures. In contrast, La Niña generally reduces all runoff signatures. We highlight that the impacts of ENSO on streamflow signatures are manifested by its effects on precipitation (P), potential evaporation (PET) and leaf area index (LAI) through ENSO‐induced atmospheric circulation changes. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive picture of runoff signature responses to ENSO, with valuable insights for water resources management and flood and drought disaster mitigation.
A better start to life: Risk factors for, and prevention of, preterm birth in Australian First Nations women – A narrative review
Authors: Brown Kiarna , Langston‐Cox Annie , Unger Holger W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unacceptable discrepancies in health outcomes between First Nations and non‐Indigenous Australians begin at birth. Preterm birth (birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a major contributor to adverse short‐ and long‐term health outcomes and mortality. Australian First Nations infants are more commonly born too early. No tangible reductions in preterm births have been made in First Nations communities. Factors contributing to high preterm birth rates in Australian First Nations infants are reviewed and interventions to reduce preterm birth in Australian First Nations women are discussed. More must be done to ensure Australian First Nations infants get a better start to life. This can only be achieved with ongoing and improved research in partnership with Australian First Nations peoples.