bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfonylurea antidiabetics are associated with lower risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: Real‐world data from a population‐based study
Authors: Eroglu Talip E. , Jia Lixia , Blom Marieke T. , Verkerk Arie O. , Devalla Harsha D. , Boink Gerard J.J. , Souverein Patrick C. , de Boer Anthonius , Tan Hanno L. 
Published: April 2021

AimsOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) mostly results from ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), often triggered by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sulfonylurea (SU) antidiabetics can block myocardial ATP‐regulated K+ channels (KATP channels), activated during AMI, thereby modulating action potential duration (APD). We studied whether SU drugs impact on OHCA risk, and whether these effects are related to APD changes.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based case–control study in 219 VT/VF‐documented OHCA cases with diabetes and 697 non‐OHCA controls with diabetes. We studied the association of SU drugs (alone or in combination with metformin) with OHCA risk compared to metformin monotherapy, and of individual SU drugs compared to glimepiride, using multivariable logistic regression analysis. We studied the effects of these drugs on APD during simulated ischaemia using patch‐clamp studies in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.ResultsCompared to metformin, use of SU drugs alone or in combination with metformin was associated with reduced OHCA risk (ORSUdrugs‐alone 0.6 [95% CI 0.4–0.9], ORSUdrugs + metformin 0.6 [95% CI 0.4–0.9]). We found no differences in OHCA risk between SU drug users who suffered OHCA inside or outside the context of AMI. Reduction of OHCA risk compared to glimepiride was found with gliclazide (ORadj 0.5 [95% CI 0.3–0.9]), but not glibenclamide (ORadj 1.3 [95% CI 0.6–2.7]); for tolbutamide, the association with reduced OHCA risk just failed to reach statistical significance (ORadj 0.6 [95% CI 0.3–1.002]). Glibenclamide attenuated simulated ischaemia‐induced APD shortening, while the other SU drugs had no effect.ConclusionsSU drugs were associated with reduced OHCA risk compared to metformin monotherapy, with gliclazide having a lower risk than glimepiride. The differential effects of SU drugs are not explained by differential effects on APD.
What do we know about corporate philanthropy? A review and research directions
Authors: Cha Wonsuk , Rajadhyaksha Ujvala 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the past decades, academics and practitioners have been extensively focusing on corporate philanthropy as an important part of corporate social responsibility and a vast number of papers have been published on this topic in various disciplines. To have a better understanding of the evolution of corporate philanthropy, this paper critically reviews some 60 years of research covering 228 corporate philanthropy documents (including 214 journal articles, 5 dissertations, and 9 books and book chapters) across and between disciplines, and analyzes their content in a systematic and comprehensive manner. A multi‐level and multidisciplinary theoretical framework that synthesizes and integrates the corporate philanthropy literature at micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐levels of analysis is offered. Specifically, the framework presents antecedents, intermediaries (moderators and mediators), consequences of corporate philanthropy, and the underlying mechanisms of the corporate philanthropy–firm performance relationship. This paper helps bridge important knowledge gaps of corporate philanthropy and its relation with firm performance by studying corporate philanthropy at a multi‐level of analysis and applying diverse theoretical frameworks of corporate philanthropy. The paper concludes by offering several suggestions for future research on corporate philanthropy.
When were the straits between the Baltic Sea and the Kattegat inundated by the sea during the Holocene?
Authors: Bennike Ole , Jensen Jørn Bo , Nørgaard‐Pedersen Niels , Andresen Katrine Juul , Seidenkrantz Marit‐Solveig , Moros Matthias , Wagner Bernd 
Published: April 2021

The timing of the flooding of the Danish/German/Swedish straits and the first marine influence in the Baltic Basin after the Ancylus Lake stage has been much debated. Here we present 47 new radiocarbon ages from sediment cores retrieved from Danish waters, ages that record the marine transgression of the area. Most of the ages are based on shells of marine molluscs, hence the ages are uncertain because we do not know the precise reservoir age in the past. We use a reservoir age of 400 years, which is based on dating of museum specimens collected live before testing of nuclear bombs. It appears from the ages that the Great Belt (Storebælt) was inundated before The Sound (Øresund). The oldest ages on marine shells from the northern part of the Great Belt region are about 8.9 cal. ka BP. From the central part of the Great Belt, the oldest ages are about 8.2 cal. ka BP, in Mecklenburg Bay 8.1 cal. ka BP and in the Arkona Basin 7.1 cal. ka BP. Sediments deposited prior to the occurrence of marine molluscs contain brackish‐water ostracods (Cyprideis torosa and Cytheromorpha fuscata); the sediments are usually laminated and non‐bioturbated mud. The brackish‐water phase may have lasted 500–1000 years. The youngest lake deposits without signs of marine influence are dated to c. 8.8 cal. ka BP (central Great Belt), 8.7 cal. ka BP (Little Belt) and 8.5 cal. ka BP (Arkona Basin). We see no evidence for marine influence at c. 10 cal. ka BP as recorded by some studies from the Baltic Basin.
Evidence for an Early Novelty Orientation in Bilingual Learners
Authors: Singh Leher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBilingual environments are more complex than monolingual environments. To adapt to this complexity, bilingual infants may navigate their environment in fundamentally different ways than monolingual infants. Drawing from visual, social, and linguistic processing, in this article, I present evidence to suggest that bilingual and monolingual learners demonstrate basic differences in the distribution of attention. Across these areas, bilingual learners appear to orient to novel information over familiar information, more so than monolingual learners. Attending more broadly within one’s environment may support flexibility of learning within a complex environment, where underlying structure is harder to detect. However, broad exploration may also protract the process by which underlying structure is detected and learned. This may introduce developmental costs, such as delayed specialization in the native language observed in bilingual infants. In this way, bilingual infants may explore their surroundings in a manner distinct from monolingual infants that is both responsive to and adaptive for a relatively complex environment.
Patch testing with aluminium Finn Chambers could give false‐positive reactions in patients with contact allergy to aluminium
Authors: Rosholm Comstedt Lisbeth , Dahlin Jakob , Bruze Magnus , Hedberg Yolanda , Matura Mihály , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarlier laboratory studies have shown that sodium tetrachloropalladate, Myroxylon pereirae, caine mix II, and palladium chloride trigger the release of aluminium (Al) from Finn Chambers (FC).ObjectivesTo investigate whether aluminium realease from FC could influence the diagnostic outcome of patch testing with FC.MethodA retrospective analysis of patch test results from 2010 to 2019 was performed. A two‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to calculate any overrepresentation of contact allergy to Al among patients with positive reactions to sodium tetrachloropalladate, Myroxylon pereirae, caine mix II, and palladium chloride.ResultsA total of 5446 patients had been tested with FC during the study period. There was a significant overrepresentation of contact allergy to Al among patients with positive reactions to sodium tetrachloropalladate, Myroxylon pereirae, caine mix II, and palladium chloride. Patients with a strong Al allergy had significantly higher amounts of concomitant reactions to sodium tetrachloropalladate, Myroxylon pereirae, caine mix II, and palladium chloride compared to patients with weak Al allergy. These results were not seen for patients tested with Finn Chambers AQUA.ConclusionIn patients with contact allergy to Al, patch testing with Finn chambers could give false‐positive reactions to sodium tetrachloropalladate, Myroxylon pereirae, caine mix II, and palladium chloride.
Laboratory predictors of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 and lung function in followed‐up
Authors: Pan Min , Wang Rui‐rui , Chen Xu , Han Jun , Li Qiang , Miao Manli , Rao Jianguo , Huang Jizheng , Yu Long , Xu Yufei , Li Lingli , Shao Qiang , Ma Hengli , Han Mingfeng , Fan Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has infected more than 79 million people and killed exceeding 1.7 million people around the world by the end of 2020.MethodWe obtained the clinical data of all diagnosed patients and lung function test of followed‐up patients in Fuyang, Anhui province to investigate laboratory predictors of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the impairment of lung function.ResultsOf the 155 patients, 87 (56.13%) were males. The mean age was 41.95 (SD 15.34) years. Only 30 (19.35%) patients had the critical condition. Fever (84.52%) was the most common symptoms, and short of breath was more common in severe patients (p < 0.01). Lymphopenia was observed in most patients (74, 47.7%). It showed the elevation of CRP in 100 (64.5%) patients, the elevation of SAA or IL‐6 in 104 (67.1%) patients. The calculated cut‐off value of CRP was 19.35 mg/ml, the AUC was 0.777, sensitivity was 73.3%, specificity was 69.6%; SAA was 73.55 mg/L, 0.679, 83.3%, 56.8%, respectively; IL‐6 was 18.85 pg/ml, 0.797, 83.3%, 64.8%; D‐Dimer was 0.325 mg/L, 0.673, 66.7% and 68.8%. The combination of CRP, SAA, IL‐6, and D‐Dimer was 0.823 in AUC, 73.3% in sensitivity, and 78.4% in specificity. 12 (42.86%) followed‐up patients had completely normal lung function indicators.ConclusionElevated CRP, SAA, IL‐6 and D‐Dimer can be predictors to severe COVID‐19. The combination of these four indicators can improve the effectivity and specificity of assessing severe COVID‐19. Most of the followed‐up patients showed no abnormalities in lung function test. Abnormal lung function is mainly reflected in the diffusion function.
Analyzing the clinical outcomes of switching from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yalcin Koray , Celen Suna , Zhumatayev Suleimen , Daloglu Hayriye , Pashayev Dayanat , Öztürkmen Seda , Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gulsun , Yesilipek Akif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe selection of graft‐vs. ‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis is vital for the success of hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have been used for decades as the backbone of GvHD prophylaxis. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of switching cyclosporine (CSA) to tacrolimus because of acute GvHD, engraftment syndrome (ES), persistent low level of CSA, or various CSA‐associated adverse events in the first 100 days of pediatric HSCT.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 192 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at Medicalpark Göztepe and Antalya Hospitals between April 2014 and May 2019 had therapy switched from CSA to tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression within 100 days of transplant.ResultsThe reasons for conversion to tacrolimus were low level of CSA (n = 70), aGvHD (n = 63), CSA‐associated neurotoxicity (n = 15), CSA‐associated nephrotoxicity (n = 10), hypertension (n = 10), allergic reactions (n = 9), ES (n = 7), CSA‐associated hepatotoxicity (n = 5), and vomiting (n = 3). The median day after transplant for conversion to tacrolimus for all patients was day 20 (range 0‐100 days). Response rates to conversion were 38% for GvHD, 86% for neurotoxicity, 50% for nephrotoxicity, 60% for hepatotoxicity, 80% for hypertension, 66% for vomiting, and 57% for ES. Twenty‐nine patients (15%) experienced tacrolimus‐associated toxicities after therapy conversion to tacrolimus. Neurotoxicity emerged as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which was the most common toxicity observed after conversion (18/29 patients).ConclusionOur data support the quick conversion to tacrolimus in the condition of persistent low CSA levels with acceptable efficacy and safety. Although both drugs are CNI and share a very similar mechanism of action, the conversion could be preferred especially in specific organ toxicities with special attention for neurotoxicity after conversion.
Damping‐off, root rot and wilting caused by Pythium myriotylum on Acacia crassicarpa in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Sarno Soares , Jung Thomas , Milenković Ivan , Tarigan Marthin , Horta Jung Marília , Lumbangaol Pantun David Mangatas , Sirait Betti Andriany , Durán Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcacia crassicarpa is a legume tree of rapid growth and high pulp yield and fibre quality, making this species the basis of large commercial plantations for pulpwood production in Southeast Asian countries. Since a disease has caused significant economic losses in a nursery in the province of Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of the root rot, damping‐off and wilting symptoms of A. crasicarpa seedlings. Isolations were made from infested soil by baiting with young leaves of native Quercus spp. from northern Sumatra. Classical identification using colony growth patterns and morphological characters, molecular identification based on ITS sequence analysis and direct PCR with specific primers, and pathogenicity tests were performed. All isolates formed typical Pythium structures and had fast growth, with optimum and maximum temperatures of 35 and 42°C, respectively. ITS sequence analysis of seven selected isolates showed 99.7–99.9% homology with Pythium myriotylum, the causal agent of nursery diseases on many crops. In addition, species‐specific primers Pmy5/ITS2 successfully yielded an expected amplicon of approximately 144 bp. A soil infestation trial under controlled conditions confirmed the pathogenicity of P. myriotylum to A. crassicarpa, with typical symptoms starting six days after inoculation. The pathogen was re‐isolated only from diseased inoculated plants fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of P. myriotylum as a pathogen on A. crassicarpa.
Inhibition of receptor‐interacting protein kinase‐3 in the necroptosis pathway attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental apical periodontitis in Balb/c mice
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Jiajia , Ren Jie , Yang Qin , Zhan Weicheng , Wang Min , Hao Liang , Yue Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the role of necroptosis in apical periodontitis (AP), this study investigated necroptosis in a Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn)‐induced AP model of Balb/c mice and explored related intracellular signalling pathways in L929 cells affected by Fn.MethodologyFor the in vivo experiments, expression of receptor‐interacting protein kinase‐3 (RIP3) was inhibited using an adeno‐associated virus and then the Balb/c mice model of AP was established by injecting Fn into the root canal of the first mandibular molars. Bone loss and number of osteoclasts were measured via micro‐computed tomography and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, respectively; expression of RIP3 and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (pMLKL) was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting; expression of mRNA of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). For the in vitro experiments, L929 cells transfected with RIP3‐Mus‐siRNA or negative control siRNA were co‐cultured with Fn; thereafter, western blotting, detection of cell death and viability and qRT‐PCR analyses were performed to assess the activation of necroptosis pathway and expression of mRNA of inflammatory cytokines. Data were analysed with unpaired t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance with significance set at p < .05.ResultsThe Fn‐induced apical lesions were associated with apical bone loss, an increased number of osteoclasts, enhanced expression of pMLKL and increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(IL‐1α and IL‐1β); all these effects were alleviated by RIP3 inhibition (p < .05). L929 cells infected with Fn displayed increased expression of pMLKL and increased cell death (p < .05), together with decreased cell viability (p < .05), whilst transfection with RIP3‐Mus‐siRNA decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines(TNF‐α and IL‐6, p < .05).ConclusionsNecroptosis may be involved in AP progression. RIP3 inhibition ameliorated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and bone resorption in Fn‐induced AP lesions in Balb/c mice.
The impact of lesional inflammatory cellular infiltrate on the phenotype of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ständer S. , Hammers C.M. , Vorobyev A. , Schmidt E. , Zillikens D. , Ghorbanalipoor S. , Bieber K. , Ludwig R.J. , Kridin K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of cutaneous cellular infiltration on the phenotype of bullous pemphigoid (BP) remains to be established.ObjectivesTo evaluate the main histopathological characteristics of patients with BP and to assess the association between the composition of lesional inflammatory infiltrate and the various clinical, immunological and immunopathological aspects of the disease.MethodsRetrospective study encompassing patients diagnosed with BP throughout the years 2009–2020 in a specialized tertiary referral centre.ResultsThe study encompassed 136 patients with BP, of whom 27 (19.9%) demonstrated a cell‐poor inflammatory infiltrate in lesional skin specimens. Overall, 78 (57.4%), 71 (52.2%) and 5 (3.7%) specimens were found to include eosinophil‐predominant, lymphocyte‐predominant and neutrophil‐predominant inflammatory infiltrates, respectively. Relative to the remaining patients with BP, those with an eosinophil‐predominant inflammatory infiltrate had higher (90.8% vs. 77.2%; P = 0.030) whilst those with a cell‐poor inflammatory infiltrate lower (70.3% vs. 88.7%; P = 0.017) seropositivity of anti‐BP180 NC16A IgG. The latter subgroup presented with higher prevalence of mucosal involvement (25.9% vs. 8.3%; P = 0.011) and a non‐inflammatory clinical phenotype (50.0% vs. 17.1%; P = 0.041). Patients with lymphocyte‐predominant inflammatory infiltrate manifested with higher severity BPDAI scores and a lower frequency of the non‐inflammatory subtype (11.1% vs. 36.4%; P = 0.035), whilst those with a neutrophilic infiltrate presented with lower mean (SD) levels of anti‐BP180 NC16A IgG [269.3 (227.6) vs. 722.7 (1499.6) U/mL; P = 0.003].ConclusionsEosinophil‐predominance and high cellularity in the lesional inflammatory infiltrate of BP skin are associated with increased seropositivity of anti‐BP180 NC16A IgG. Lymphocyte‐predominant infiltrates predict a more severe phenotype, pointing towards a pathogenic role of autoreactive lymphocytes.
Capital‐based life cycle sustainability assessment: Evaluation of potential industrial symbiosis synergies
Authors: Subramanian Karpagam , Chopra Shauhrat S. , Ashton Weslynne S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndustrial symbiosis (IS) promotes collaboration among traditionally unrelated industries, finding ways to use waste from one as a raw material for another. To enhance IS sustainability, it is essential that involved firms are aware of potential costs and benefits of new exchanges to make informed decisions. Previous assessments have primarily focused on environmental and financial implications of potenial IS synergies, but social implications are rarely addressed. Even when considered, only a limited set of social indicators, such as job creation, development of social ties, and trust among partners, are used. Such an unbalanced focus on sustainability aspects may contribute to problem shifting and suboptimal selection of new synergies. A comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) of IS, covering all three dimensions is clearly lacking. Conventionally, a triple bottom line (TBL) approach is used to evaluate sustainability; however, we explore the concept of capitals and develop a capital‐based LCSA framework as a means to evaluate sustainability of IS by examining the stocks and flows of eight different types of capital, or resources creating value, in a system. Measuring stocks and flows is conceptually much closer to the actual definition of sustainability (meeting the needs of the present by maintaining the available stocks without compromising the future needs), when compared to the TBL approach of simply aggregating environmental, social, and economic impact assessment results. This novel LCSA approach is tested at a facility with active IS, The Plant in Chicago, considering three alternative fuel usage scenarios for baking bread at an on‐site bakery.
Impact of chronic variable stress on neuroendocrine hypothalamus and pituitary in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Nair Betina B. , Khant Aung Zin , Porteous Robert , Prescott Melanie , Glendining Kelly A. , Jenkins Danielle E. , Augustine Rachael A. , Silva Mauro S.B. , Yip Siew H. , Bouwer Gregory T. , Brown Colin H. , Jasoni Christine L. , Campbell Rebecca E. , Bunn Stephen J. , Anderson Greg M. , Grattan David R. , Herbison Allan E. , Iremonger Karl J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic stress exerts multiple negative effects on the physiology and health of an individual. In the present study, we examined hypothalamic, pituitary and endocrine responses to 14 days of chronic variable stress (CVS) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. In both sexes, CVS induced a significant decrease in body weight and enhanced the acute corticosterone stress response, which was accompanied by a reduction in thymus weight only in females. However, single‐point blood measurements of basal prolactin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, growth hormone and corticosterone levels taken at the end of the CVS were not different from those of controls. Similarly, pituitary mRNA expression of Fshb, Lhb, Prl and Gh was unchanged by CVS, although Pomc and Tsh were significantly elevated. Within the adrenal medulla, mRNA for Th, Vip and Gal were elevated following CVS. Avp transcript levels within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were increased by CVS; however, levels of Gnrh1, Crh, Oxt, Sst, Trh, Ghrh, Th and Kiss1 remained unchanged. Oestrous cycles were lengthened slightly by CVS and ovarian histology revealed a reduction in the number of preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea. Taken together, these observations indicate that 14 days of CVS induces an up‐regulation of the neuroendocrine stress axis and creates a mild disruption of female reproductive function. However, the lack of changes in other neuroendocrine axes controlling anterior and posterior pituitary secretion suggest that most neuroendocrine axes are relatively resilient to CVS.