bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virulence of Vibrio harveyi ORM4 towards the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata involves both quorum sensing and a type III secretion system
Authors: Morot Amandine , El Fekih Sahar , Bidault Adeline , Le Ferrand Alizée , Jouault Albane , Kavousi Javid , Bazire Alexis , Pichereau Vianney , Dufour Alain , Paillard Christine , Delavat François 
Published: May 2021

SummaryEnvironmental Vibrio strains represent a major threat in aquaculture, but the understanding of their virulence mechanisms heavily relies on the transposition of knowledge from human‐pathogen vibrios. Here, the genetic bases of the virulence of Vibrio harveyi ORM4 towards the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata were characterized. We demonstrated that luxO, encoding a major regulator of the quorum sensing system, is crucial for the virulence of this strain, and that its deletion leads to a decrease in swimming motility, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production. Furthermore, the biofilm formation by V. harveyi ORM4 was increased by abalone serum, which required LuxO. The absence of LuxO in V. harveyi ORM4 yielded opposite phenotypes compared with other Vibrio species including V. campbellii (still frequently named V. harveyi). In addition, we report a full type III secretion system (T3SS) gene cluster in the V. harveyi ORM4 genome. LuxO was shown to negatively regulate the promoter activity of exsA, encoding the major regulator of the T3SS genes, and the deletion of exsA abolished the virulence of V. harveyi ORM4. These results unveil virulence mechanisms set up by this environmentally important bacterial pathogen and pave the way for a better molecular understanding of the regulation of its pathogenicity.
Charting the policy development process of social housing bonds in Australia through an impact narrative approach
Authors: Fotheringham Michael , Gorter Tamlin , Badenhorst Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) has, since its inception, prioritised policy relevance in its research. Drawing on an impact narrative approach, this paper presents a case study of the contribution of AHURI research to the development of a specific policy initiative: the Affordable Housing Bond Aggregator function of the National Housing and Finance Investment Corporation (NHFIC). The paper will explore the development of this policy initiative through a series of research projects and publications, and highlight processes of dissemination and engagement with the policy and practice community. This will reveal the value of a strong evidence‐base, and effective knowledge transfer mechanisms in the development and implementation of policy. It will also demonstrate the utility of a policy impact narrative approach in the evaluation of research impact, particularly in relation to policy development processes subject to the vagaries of politics.
‘Well‐leg’ compartment syndrome associated with gynaecological surgery: a perioperative risk‐reduction protocol and checklist
Authors: Addley S , McMullan JC , Scott S , Soleymani majd H 
Published: May 2021

‘Well‐leg’ compartment syndrome (WLCS) is an uncommon, but potentially devastating, complication associated with prolonged patient positioning for abdomino‐pelvic surgery. Gynaecologists, anaesthetists and the wider theatre team share a responsibility to minimise the risk of this highly morbid, and even fatal, postoperative complication. This article provides an overview of WLCS related to gynaecological surgery – raising awareness amongst gynaecologists and highlighting the time‐critical nature of diagnosis and management. Given the potential litiginous nature of this complication, we also present a perioperative checklist and risk‐reduction protocol to suggest a standardised approach to prevention and relevant documentation.Tweetable abstractGynaecologists share a responsibility to minimise the risk of postoperative ‘well‐leg’ compartment syndrome.
bRacatus: A method to estimate the accuracy and biogeographical status of georeferenced biological data
Authors: Arlé Eduardo , Zizka Alexander , Keil Petr , Winter Marten , Essl Franz , Knight Tiffany , Weigelt Patrick , Jiménez‐Muñoz Marina , Meyer Carsten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Georeferenced biological data of species distributions, abundances or traits are critical for ecological and evolutionary research. However, the accuracy (true vs. false records) and biogeographical status (native vs. alien) of individual georeferenced records are often unclear, which limits their use in species distribution modelling, analyses of biodiversity change and other applications.

Here, we introduced bRacatus, a new method and R package to estimate a given georeferenced record's probability of being true or false and of corresponding to a native or an alien occurrence. Our framework avoided artificial thresholds of data filtering and instead implemented a probabilistic framework which allowed propagating uncertainties in subsequent analyses. We trained and tested our method on 400 terrestrial species of amphibians, birds, terrestrial mammals and vascular plants from four continents.

bRacatus showed good predictive power (mean AUC higher than 0.9; mean RMSE lower than 0.3) for both the accuracy and biogeographical status. Model performance was similar among continents, range sizes and taxa not used in the training. Tests were robust using either range maps or regional checklists of differing levels of data completeness as reference regions.

bRacatus was implemented as a user‐friendly R package that enabled researchers to assess the accuracy and biogeographical status of species occurrences, population abundances, community composition or any other type of georeferenced biodiversity records. We proposed this method as a routine step in addressing the inherent uncertainty of point observations to promote more accurate ecological inference and predictions.
Increased cocaine motivation in tree shrews is modulated by striatal dopamine D1 receptor‐mediated upregulation of Cav1.2
Authors: Duan Ying , Meng Yiming , Du Wenjie , Li Ming , Zhang Jianjun , Liang Jing , Li Yonghui , Sui Nan , Shen Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe progressively increased motivation for cocaine during abstinence is closely associated with the dysfunction of dopamine (DA) system. As DA receptors also dynamically regulate L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs), in this study we examined how DA receptors (D1R or D2R) and LTCCs (Cav1.2 or Cav1.3) exert their influences on cocaine‐seeking in a tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) model. First, we demonstrated the ‘incubation’ effect by showing tree shrews exhibited a significantly higher seeking behaviour on withdrawal day (WD) 45 than on WD1. Then, we confirmed that longer abstinence period induced higher D1R expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Next, we showed that LTCCs in the NAc participated in drug seeking. Moreover, Cav1.2 expression in the NAc was increased on WD45, and disruption of the Cav1.2 inhibited drug seeking. Finally, we found that D1R antagonist blocked the increase of Cav1.2 on drug‐seeking test. Collectively, these findings suggest that D1R‐mediated upregulation of Cav1.2 is involved in the incubation of cocaine craving.
Simulation and coaching to prevent aggressive events in aged care: A pilot study
Authors: Gordon Susan , Gillham David , Xiao Lily , De Bellis Anita , Baker Nicky 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesEvaluation of simulation and coaching training to change the self‐efficacy of aged care workers to prevent and manage workplace aggressive events.MethodsSeventeen aged care workers from a community and residential aged care service provider completed education modules and two half‐days of simulation using actors and real‐life scenarios, with real‐time coaching. Carer self‐efficacy to identify, prevent and manage anxiety and aggression was measured before, following and six months after training.ResultsAfter training, participants reported significant improvements in preparedness to prevent and manage aggression, identify and manage triggers in their own behaviour, deflect and alter other triggers, and felt safer in the workplace. Six months after training, participants’ self‐efficacy remained above baseline for all measures and remained significantly improved for feeling safer in the workplace.ConclusionThis pilot study supports high‐fidelity simulation and coaching to improve the self‐efficacy of aged care workers to prevent and manage workplace aggressive events.
How we treat advanced stage cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma – mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Sethi Tarsheen K. , Montanari Francesca , Foss Francine , Reddy Nishitha 
Published: May 2021

SummaryT‐cell lymphomas (TCLs) constitute a rare subset of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, with mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) being the most common subtype of cutaneous TCLs (CTCLs). Considered an incurable but treatable disease, MF/SS management presents several challenges including diagnostic delays, debilitating effect on patients’ quality of life, need for several lines of therapies, multidisciplinary care and cumulative drug toxicities limiting duration of use. The present review intends to provide an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the biology of CTCL and how these are being leveraged to provide additional treatment options for management of advanced and recurrent disease. In addition, the discussion of the different modalities of treatment is summarised to further outline the importance of multidisciplinary care and early referral to CTCL centres.
Methoxphenidine (MXP) induced abnormalities: Addictive and schizophrenia‐related behaviours based on an imbalance of neurochemicals in the brain
Authors: Hur Kwang‐Hyun , Kim Seong‐Eon , Ma Shi‐Xun , Lee Bo‐Ram , Ko Yong‐Hyun , Seo Jee‐Yeon , Kim Seon‐Kyung , Kim Young‐Jung , Sung Su‐Jeong , Lee Youyoung , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Yong‐Sup , Lee Seok‐Yong , Jang Choon‐Gon 
Published: May 2021

Background and PurposeMethoxphenidine is a dissociative‐based novel psychoactive designer drug. Although fatal accidents from methoxphenidine abuse have been reported, recreational use of the drug continues. We aim to provide scientific supportfor legal regulation of recreational abuse of methoxphenidine by demonstrating its the pharmacological action.Experimental ApproachAddictive potential of methoxphenidine was examined using intravenous self‐administration test with rats and conditioned place preference test with mice. Further, a series of behavioural tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test, novel object recognition test, social interaction test and tail suspension test) performed to assess whether methoxphenidine caused schizophrenia‐related symptoms in mice. Additionally, neurotransmitter enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were used to confirm methoxphenidine‐induced neurochemical changes in specific brain regions related to abnormal behaviours.Key ResultsMethoxphenidine caused addictive behaviours via reinforcing and rewarding effects. Consistently, methoxphenidine induced over‐activation of dopamine pathways in the nuclear accumbens, indicating activation of the brain reward circuit. Also, methoxphenidine caused all categories of schizophrenia‐related symptoms, including positive symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsivity), negative symptoms (anxiety, social withdrawal, depression) and cognitive impairment. Consistently, methoxphenidine led to the disruption of the hippocampal–prefrontal cortex pathway that is considered to be pathological involved in schizophrenia.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe demonastrate that methoxphenidine causes addictive and schizophrenia‐like behaviours and induces neurochemical changes in brain regions associated with these behaviours. We propose that methoxphenidine could be used in developing useful animal disease models and that it also requires legal restrictions on its recreational use.
The effects of ionizing radiation on domestic dogs: a review of the atomic bomb testing era
Authors: Spatola Gabriella J. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Mousseau Timothy A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTDogs were frequently employed as laboratory subjects during the era of atomic bomb testing (1950–1980), particularly in studies used to generate predictive data regarding the expected effects of accidental human occupational exposure to radiation. The bulk of these studies were only partly reported in the primary literature, despite providing vital information regarding the effects of radiation exposure on a model mammalian species. Herein we review this literature and summarize the biological effects in relation to the isotopes used and the method of radionuclide exposure. Overall, these studies demonstrate the wide range of developmental and physiological effects of exposure to radiation and radionuclides in a mid‐sized mammal.
Children’s oral health‐related behaviours and early childhood caries: A latent class analysis
Authors: Simancas‐Pallares Miguel A. , Ginnis Jeannie , Vann William F. , Ferreira Zandoná Andrea G. , Shrestha Poojan , Preisser John S. , Divaris Kimon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this cross‐sectional study in a large community‐based sample of preschool‐age children, we sought to identify distinct clusters of modifiable early childhood oral health‐related behaviours (OHBs) and quantify their association with clinical and parent‐reported measures of early childhood oral health.MethodsWe relied upon a questionnaire (n = 8033; 11% in Spanish) and clinical oral health data (n = 6404; early childhood caries [ECC] prevalence = 54%] collected in the context of an epidemiologic study of early childhood oral health among 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children in North Carolina. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of modifiable OHBs based on parents’ responses to 6 questionnaire items pertaining to their children's oral hygiene, diet and dental home. The optimal number of clusters was determined based on measures of model fit and interpretability. We examined associations of OHB clusters with clinical and parent‐reported child oral health status (ie, ECC prevalence, severity and proportion with untreated disease) using bivariate association tests and multivariable regression modelling with marginal effects estimation accounting for clustered data. We used Mplus v.8.6 (Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA, USA) and Stata v.16.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) for data analyses.ResultsWe identified 2 OHB clusters, a favourable (74%) and an unfavourable (26%) one. Children in the favourable OHB cluster had better oral hygiene practices (ie, tooth brushing frequency and fluoridated toothpaste use), lower consumption frequency of sugar‐containing snacks and beverages, less frequent reports of night‐time bottle‐feeding history and a higher likelihood of a dental home. Children in the unfavourable cluster had significantly higher ECC prevalence (57% vs 53%), caries burden (mean dmfs = 9.3 vs 7.6), untreated disease (43% vs 33%) and worse parent‐reported oral health status than the favourable cluster.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the importance and utility of clustering common, modifiable ECC risk factors in population studies – health promotion efforts may centre on groups of people rather than individual behavioural risk factors.
Transcriptional analysis of muscle tissue and isolated satellite cells in spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Robinson Karyn G , Crowgey Erin L , Lee Stephanie K , Akins Robert E 
Published: May 2021

AimTo analyze transcriptomes from muscle tissue and cells to improve our understanding of differences in gene expression and molecular function in cerebral palsy (CP) muscle.MethodIn this case–control study, eight participants with CP (five males, three females; mean [SD] age 14y 2mo [1y 8mo]) and 11 comparison individuals (eight males, three females; mean [SD] age 14y 0mo [2y 6mo]) were enrolled after informed consent/assent and skeletal muscle was obtained during surgery. RNA was extracted from tissue and from primary satellite cells grown to form myotubes in vitro. RNA sequencing data were analyzed using validated informatics pipelines.ResultsAnalysis identified expression of 6308 genes in the tissue samples and 7459 in the cultured cells. Significant differential expression between CP and control was identified in 87 genes in the tissue and 90 genes in isolated satellite cell‐derived myotube cultures.InterpretationBoth tissue and cell analyses identified differential expression of genes associated with muscle development and multiple pathways of interest.
What this paper adds

Expression differences were found in muscle tissue and in isolated muscle cells.

There was low variability in expression among cells isolated from different muscles.

Expression differences suggest complex functional alterations in spastic cerebral palsy.
Cluster headache in children and adolescents: a systematic review of case reports
Authors: Bastos Sarah N M A N , Barbosa Bárbara L F , Silva Sângela F , Krymchantowski Ana G , Jevoux Carla , Krymchantowski Abouch , Silva‐Néto Raimundo P 
Published: May 2021

AimTo describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic options available to paediatric patients with cluster headache.MethodBased on a literature search of the medical databases PubMed, LILACS, and Web of Science and using selected descriptors, we carried out a systematic review of case reports on cluster headache in paediatric patients published from 1990 to 2020.ResultsFifty‐one patients (29 males, 22 females) with a mean (SD) age of 9 years 7 months (3y 10mo; range 2–16y) were diagnosed with cluster headache. The mean (SD) diagnosis was made 27.8 months (26.2mo) after the onset of cluster headache. Pain occurred at night or on waking up (76.5%) and consisted of 1 to 3 attacks per day (62.7%) lasting 30 to 120 minutes (68.6%). Headaches were unilateral (90.2%), had a pulsatile character (64.7%), and severe intensity (100%). There were autonomic manifestations (90.2%) predominantly ipsilateral to pain, in this order: lacrimation; conjunctival injection; nasal congestion; ptosis; eyelid oedema; and rhinorrhoea. Sumatriptan and oxygen inhalation were the most effective treatments for acute manifestation. Prophylaxis, corticosteroids, verapamil, and gabapentin were the most effective drugs.InterpretationDue to the small number of published studies, this review could not provide reliable data; however, it appears that cluster headache in children and adolescents is similar to adults, both in clinical characteristics and treatment.
What this paper adds

Cluster headache in children and adolescents is poorly studied.

Cluster headache is uncommon before 10 years of age and diagnosis is difficult in the first few years of life.

Treatment of cluster headache in children and adolescents is similar to that used in adults.

The notion of the effectiveness of prophylactic treatment is based only on authors’ experience.
Dexterous manual movement facilitates information processing in the primary somatosensory cortex: A magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Wasaka Toshiaki , Kida Tetsuo , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interaction between the somatosensory and motor systems is important for control of movement in humans. Cortical activity related to somatosensory response and sensory perception is modulated by the influence of movement executing mechanisms. This phenomenon has been observed as inhibition in the short‐latency components of somatosensory evoked potentials and magnetic fields (SEPs/SEFs). Although finger is the most dexterous among all the body parts, the sensorimotor integration underlying this dexterity has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the sensorimotor integration mechanisms in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) during simple and complicated finger movement. The participant performed tasks that involved picking up a wooden block (PM task) and picking up and turning the wooden block 180° (PTM task) using the right‐hand fingers. During these tasks, the SEFs following right median nerve stimulation were recorded using magnetoencephalography. The amplitude of the M20 and M30 components showed a significant reduction during both manual tasks compared to the stationary task, whereas the M38 component showed a significant enhancement in amplitude. Furthermore, the SEFs recorded during continuous rotation of the block (rotation task) revealed a characteristic pattern of SI activity that was first suppressed and then facilitated. Since this facilitation is noticeable during complicated movement of the fingers, this phenomenon is thought to underlie a neural mechanism related to finger dexterity.
The relationship between native species richness and exotic species richness or occurrence will always be negative when the total number of species is accounted for in statistical models: A response to Beaury et al.
Authors: Muthukrishnan Ranjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeaury et al. (2020) attempt to address the scale dependence of evidence for biotic resistance by including environmental covariates that can account for total species richness. However, this approach will incorrectly estimate relationships, driven by the accuracy of the covariates rather than the true relationship between native and exotic species.
Surveying the Measurement Profession to Assist Recruiting in the United States
Authors: Leventhal Brian C. , Thompson Kathryn N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe conducted a comprehensive survey of the educational measurement profession to assist recruiting to the measurement profession in the United States. Specifically, in April and May 2019, we surveyed measurement professionals and graduate students by targeting six areas to assist recruitment efforts: demographics of the field, compensation for professionals, graduate student funding, where to work, what work life entails, and mentoring opportunities. We evidence a profession trending toward being more diverse, professionals having a median annual salary between $110,000 and $130,000 (U.S.) dollars, varying graduate student funding opportunities, and flexibility in work location and tasks performed. For each of the six target areas, we present detailed results from the survey as well as implications for practice. We conclude the manuscript by discussing a change needed in the field that would assist in recruitment efforts.