bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the prefrontal cortex in prosocial and self-maximization motivations: an rTMS study
Authors: Zinchenko Oksana , Savelo Olga , Klucharev Vasily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMore than a decade of neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies point to a crucial role for the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) in prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model postulates that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior, whereas the reflective model assumes that the rDLPFC controls selfish impulses during prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model implies that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should increase voluntary transfers in both dictator and generosity games. In contrast, the reflective model suggests that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should decrease transfers in the dictator game, without affecting voluntary transfers in the generosity game, in which selfish motives are minimized. The aim of this paper was to compare predictions of the intuitive and reflective models using the classic dictator game and generosity game and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). In this study, two groups of healthy participants (dictators) received either cTBS over the rDLPFC or right extrastriate visual areas. As shown by the results, the transient disruption of the rDLPFC significantly promoted prosocial motives in the dictator game only, particularly in the trials with the lowest dictator’s costs. These findings partially support the notion that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior.
The influence of stimulus and behavioral histories on predictive control of smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Miyamoto Takeshi , Hirata Yutaka , Katoh Akira , Miura Kenichiro , Ono Seiji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe smooth pursuit system has the ability to perform predictive feedforward control of eye movements. This study attempted to examine how stimulus and behavioral histories of past trials affect the control of predictive pursuit of target motion with randomized velocities. We used sequential ramp stimuli where the rightward velocity was fixed at 16 deg/s while the leftward velocity was either fixed (predictable) at one of seven velocities (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, or 28 deg/s) or randomized (unpredictable). As a result, predictive pursuit responses were observed not only in the predictable condition but also in the unpredictable condition. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models showed that both stimulus and behavioral histories of the previous two or three trials influenced the predictive pursuit responses in the unpredictable condition. Intriguingly, the goodness of fit of the LME model was improved when both historical effects were fitted simultaneously rather than when each type of historical data was fitted alone. Our results suggest that predictive pursuit systems allow us to track randomized target motion using weighted averaging of the information of target velocity (stimulus) and motor output (behavior) in past time sequences.
Chlorine, chromium, proteins of oxidative stress and DNA repair pathways are related to prognosis in oral cancer
Authors: de Assis Aricia Leone Evangelista Monteiro , Archanjo Anderson Barros , Maranhão Raul C. , Mendes Suzanny O. , de Souza Rafael P. , de Cicco Rafael , de Oliveira Mayara M. , Borçoi Aline R. , de L. Maia Lucas , Nunes Fabio D. , dos Santos Marcelo , Trivilin Leonardo O. , Pinheiro Christiano J. G. , Álvares-da-Silva Adriana M. , Nogueira Breno Valentim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe comparison of chemical and histopathological data obtained from the analysis of excised tumor fragments oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with the demographic and clinical evolution data is an effective strategy scarcely explored in OSCC studies. The aim was to analyze OSCC tissues for protein expression of enzymes related to oxidative stress and DNA repair and trace elements as candidates as markers of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. Tumor fragments from 78 OSCC patients that had undergone ablative surgery were qualitatively analyzed by synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence for trace elements. Protein expression of SOD-1, Trx, Ref-1 and OGG1/2 was performed by immunohistochemistry. Sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological data were obtained from 4-year follow-up records. Disease relapse was highest in patients with the presence of chlorine and chromium and lowest in those with tumors with high OGG1/2 expression. High expression of SOD-1, Trx, and Ref-1 was determinant of the larger tumor. Presence of trace elements can be markers of disease prognosis. High expression of enzymes related to oxidative stress or to DNA repair can be either harmful by stimulating tumor growth or beneficial by diminishing relapse rates. Interference on these players may bring novel strategies for the therapeutic management of OSCC patients.
Morphological reassessment of the movable calcar of delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Authors: Markevich Darya , Walczak Marcin , Borodin Oleg , Szwedo Jacek , Brożek Jolanta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini). We used SEM electron microscopy, to define seven types of calcar structure (Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) based on combinations of characters including shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures in species from fifteen genera. Additionally, two other types (Types 3 and 4) were determined based on the calcar descriptions from previous studies. Similarities and differences in calcar structure and function were discussed and emerging relationships between planthopper species and their particular habitats were indicated.
Probing the existence of non-thermal Terahertz radiation induced changes of the protein solution structure
Authors: Schroer Martin A. , Schewa Siawosch , Gruzinov Andrey Yu. , Rönnau Christian , Lahey-Rudolph Janine Mia , Blanchet Clement E. , Zickmantel Till , Song Young-Hwa , Svergun Dmitri I. , Roessle Manfred 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the last decades discussions were taking place on the existence of global, non-thermal structural changes in biological macromolecules induced by Terahertz (THz) radiation. Despite numerous studies, a clear experimental proof of this effect for biological particles in solution is still missing. We developed a setup combining THz-irradiation with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which is a sensitive method for detecting the expected structural changes. We investigated in detail protein systems with different shape morphologies (bovine serum albumin, microtubules), which have been proposed to be susceptible to THz-radiation, under variable parameters (THz wavelength, THz power densities up to 6.8 mW/cm2, protein concentrations). None of the studied systems and conditions revealed structural changes detectable by SAXS suggesting that the expected non-thermal THz-induced effects do not lead to alterations of the overall structures, which are revealed by scattering from dissolved macromolecules. This leaves us with the conclusion that, if such effects are present, these are either local or outside of the spectrum and power range covered by the present study.
Novel method to decrease the exposure time of the extraction string of the ureteral stent and its efficiency and safety verification in the clinic
Authors: Hu WenGang , Song YaJun , Li Yang , Li YueHua , Mu Jiao , Zhong Xiao , Chen YiRong , Wu RongHua , Xiao Ya , Huang ChiBing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUreteral stent removal by an extraction string is advantageous. However, the increased risk of complications attributed to the continuous exposure of the string outside the urethra must be managed. This paper introduces a method to decrease the exposure time, and conducts a retrospective study to verify its efficiency and safety. A total of 231 male patients undergoing routine ureteroscopy (URS) were included, and all of them accepted indwelling ureteral stents with strings. Among them, 123 patients (Normal-S group) underwent the normal method to determine the length of string (Lstring), which was shortened to 4 cm (cm) past the urethral meatus; 108 patients (Novel-S group) underwent the novel method (Lstring = Lurethra + 2 cm), the length of urethra (Lurethra) was measured during ureteroscopy by ureteroscope body. The demographic characteristics, stent indwelling and removal-related variables, complications, and medical costs in each group were recorded. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, the rate of UTI, the operative duration of URS, or the VAS pain scores for stent removal between the 2 groups. For the Novel-S group, the stent dwelling time was longer, the self-rated discomfort and symptom, the stent dislodgement rate, the numbers of clinic or emergency visits and the overall medical cost post operation was lower in comparison with the Normal-S group, while the rate of removal of stents by hand was lower, the time for removing ureteral stents was longer. This novel method improved stenting comfort, avoided ureteral stent dislodgement, decreased complications, and lowered medical costs, it was safe and reliable and merits widespread application.
Resuscitative efficacy of hemoglobin vesicles for severe postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant rabbits
Authors: Ishibashi Hiroki , Hagisawa Kohsuke , Kinoshita Manabu , Yuki Yukako , Miyamoto Morikazu , Kure Tomoko , Sakai Hiromi , Saitoh Daizoh , Terui Katsuo , Takano Masashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the resuscitative efficacy of hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs) as a red blood cell (RBC) substitute for the initial treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Twenty-five pregnant rabbits underwent cesarean section; uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced by transecting the right uterine artery to establish a severe PPH model. During the first 30 min, all rabbits were administered 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) of an equivalent volume to the hemorrhage every 5 min. Thereafter, they received any of the following three isovolemic fluids for resuscitation every 5 min: RBCs with platelet-poor plasma (RBC/PPP) (n = 8), 6% HES (n = 7), or HbVs with 25% human serum albumin (n = 10). After surgical hemostasis at 60 min, survival was monitored until 12 h. No rabbits receiving only HES infusion survived beyond 6 h, whereas all rabbits receiving RBC/PPP transfusion survived. The rabbits receiving HbV infusion showed significantly higher mean arterial pressure and hemoglobin levels than the HES-receiving rabbits, and 8 of 10 rabbits survived for 6 h. The HbV group showed significantly higher survival than the HES group but worse survival than the RBC/PPP group. In conclusion, HbV infusion for severe PPH effectively prevents lethal hemorrhagic shock in a pregnant rabbit model.
Correlation between hyperglycemia and glycated albumin with retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Almeida Ana C. , Silva Gabriela A. , Santini Gabriele , Brízido Margarida , Correia Miguel , Coelho Constança , Borrego Luís Miguel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo determine the association between hyperglycemia, glycated albumin (GlyA) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Prospective study of all infants under ROP screening from March 2017 to July 2019. All demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Glucose was measured at birth and every 8 h for the first week and serum GlyA was evaluated at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after birth. Reference range for GlyA was obtained. Univariate logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for ROP followed by multivariate regression. A total of 152 infants were included in the study. Median gestational age was 30 weeks and median birth weight 1240 g. Thirty-three infants (21.7%) had ROP. Hyperglycemia was present in 24 (72.7%) infants diagnosed with any ROP versus 6 (0.05%) in those without ROP. Median GlyA at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th and respective reference ranges were 8.50% (6.00–12.65), 8.20% (5.32–11.67), 8.00% (5.32–10.00) and 7.90% (5.30–9.00) respectively. After multivariate logistic regression, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors (Exp (B) 28.062, 95% CI for Exp(B) 7.881–99.924 p < 0.001). In our cohort, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors.
Development and application of a method to classify airborne pollen taxa concentration using light scattering data
Authors: Miki Kenji , Fujita Toshio , Sahashi Norio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough automated pollen monitoring networks using laser optics are well-established in Japan, it is thought that these methods cannot distinguish between pollen counts when evaluating various pollen taxa. However, a method for distinguishing the pollen counts of two pollen taxa was recently developed. In this study, we applied such a method to field evaluate the data of the two main allergens in Japan, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica. We showed that the method can distinguish between the pollen counts of these two species even when they are simultaneously present in the atmosphere. This result indicates that a method for automated and simple two pollen taxa monitoring with high spatial density can be developed using the existing pollen network.
White blood cell count profiles in multiple sclerosis during attacks before the initiation of acute and chronic treatments
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Misu Tatsuro , Fujihara Kazuo , Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Kogure Mana , Hatanaka Rieko , Itabashi Fumi , Kanno Ikumi , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Kuroda Hiroshi , Fujimori Juichi , Takai Yoshiki , Nishiyama Shuhei , Kaneko Kimihiko , Ishii Tadashi , Aoki Masashi , Nakashima Ichiro , Hozawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a major demyelinating disease of the central nervous system; however, its exact mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the profile of white blood cells (WBCs) in the acute phase of an MS attack. Sixty-four patients with MS at the time of diagnosis and 2492 age- and sex-adjusted healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Data regarding the blood cell counts were compared between the groups. The total WBC (p < 0.0001), monocyte (p < 0.0001), basophil (p = 0.0027), and neutrophil (p < 0.0001) counts were higher in the MS group than in the HC group, whereas the lymphocyte and eosinophil counts did not differ. Adjustments for the smoking status and body mass index yielded the same results. The total and differential WBC counts of the patients with MS did not correlate with the counts of T2 hyperintense brain lesions or the levels of neurological disturbance. In summary, patients with MS showed elevated counts of total WBCs, monocytes, basophils, and neutrophils at the time of diagnosis. However, the clinical relevance of these biomarkers in the context of the development and progression of MS remains unclear.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Experience With Clinical Cough Assessment
Authors: Mir Michela Jean , Hegland Karen Wheeler 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine if students (clinicians-in-training) and clinicians of speech-language pathology assess cough during clinical swallow evaluations. We also sought to determine if participants received background education and training regarding implementation of clinical cough assessment. Finally, we aimed to identify participant interest in a cough assessment training program.

Method:
A clinician-researcher panel developed a 20-question survey to address specific aims. The final survey was distributed via social media and a clinical dysphagia website after two phases of revision.

Results:
A percentage (84.6%) of the survey participants reported that they assess cough in clinical swallow evaluations, mainly using subjective measures. The majority of clinicians reported no background education or skilled training to implement cough assessment. Background education and training was higher for participants outside the United States, although the total sample size of that group was small. Almost all participants (97.8%) were interested in a cough training program.

Conclusions:
Many practicing clinicians in this survey reported that they complete cough assessments, despite limited education and training to do so. However, they also reported high interest in participating in a clinical cough assessment training program, which would support the field of speech-language pathology and patients at risk of airway protective dysfunction.
Thermal behaviour analysis of a high voltage inverted‐type current transformer
Authors: Liao Caibo , Qiu Zhibin , Tang Zhijian , Li Jiansheng , Ma Yong , Zhang Louxing , Hou Huasheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA high voltage current transformer of the inverted type is a commonly used measurement equipment in power grids. The thermal behaviour of the current transformer has a significant impact on its operating conditions and is directly related to its service life. The study presents a three‐dimensional simulation model of a 220 kV inverted‐type oil‐immersed current transformer, and the fluid and temperature field are analysed by the finite volume method. The simulation results show that the hot‐spot temperature under the rated load of the calculation model introduced in the study is 61.5°C, and located at the upper part of the core and the secondary winding. An experiment setup was designed to measure the temperature distribution inside a LVB‐220W3‐type current transformer. The temperature data measured under the rated load indicate that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results.
Blutdrucksenkende pleiotrope Effekte antidiabetischer Medikamente
Authors: Babic Milen , van der Giet Markus 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den letzten Jahren haben sich einige Medikamente hervorgetan, die unabhängig von ihrer primären Indikation einen protektiven Effekt auf die Nierenfunktion ausüben können. Für Nephrologen besonders interessant ist dabei der nephroprotektive Effekt, den die Inhibitoren des Natrium Glukose Kotransporters 2 (SGLT-2: „sodium glucose linked transporter 2“) wie Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin und Dapagliflozin ausüben, unabhängig von ihrem Einfluss auf den Blutzucker und wie wir seit der Studie DAPA-CKD wissen – sogar bei Patienten ohne Diabetes mellitus. Auch die modernen, nichtsteroidalen Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten wie Finerenon und Esaxerenon machten hinsichtlich ihrer Nephroprotektion auf sich aufmerksam, unabhängig von ihrer primären Indikation für die Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz und bisweilen der arteriellen Hypertonie. Ursächlich sind hierfür pharmakologische „Mehrfachwirkungen“, die pleiotrope Effekte genannt werden und einen vielschichten Eingriff in die (Patho-)Physiologie des Organismus ermöglichen. Die Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie erfordert eine synergistische Kombination und stellt einen Angelpunkt in der kardiorenalen Achse dar. Deshalb sollen an diesem Beispiel die pleiotropen Effekte von SGLT-2-Inhibitoren, Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten und GLP-1-Agonisten (GLP-1: „glucagon-like peptide 1“) sowie deren klinische Implikationen beleuchtet werden.
Pros and Cons of Early and Very Early Surgery for Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome with Spinal Stenosis: Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Hildebrandt Gerhard , Joswig Holger , Stienen Martin Nikolaus , Bratelj Denis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The case of a 69-year-old patient with an acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) with preexisting spinal stenosis raised a discussion over the question of conservative versus surgical treatment in the acute setting. We provide a literature overview on the management (conservative vs. surgical treatment) of ATCCS with preexisting spinal stenosis.
Methods We reviewed the literature concerning essential concepts for the management of ATCCS with spinal stenosis and cervical spinal cord injury. The data retrieved from these studies were applied to the potential management of an illustrative case report.
Results Not rarely has ATCCS an unpredictable neurologic course because of its dynamic character with secondary injury mechanisms within the cervical spinal cord in the early phase, the possibility of functional deterioration, and the appearance of a neuropathic pain syndrome during late follow-up. The result of the literature review favors early surgical treatment in ATCCS patients with preexisting cervical stenosis.
Conclusion Reluctance toward aggressive and timely surgical treatment of ATCCS should at least be questioned in patients with preexisting spinal stenosis.
Practice Patterns in the Acceptance of Medically Complex Living Kidney Donors with Obesity, Hypertension, Family History of Kidney Disease, or Donor-Recipient Age Discrepancy
Authors: Arabi Ziad , Bukhari Muhammad , Hamad Abdullah , Altheaby Abdulrahman , Kaysi Saleh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background To assess the practice patterns of the acceptance of medically complex living kidney donors (MCLKDs).
Methods We distributed a survey to nephrologists and transplant surgeons (TS) across the world through major international transplant societies. The survey contained questions regarding obesity, abnormal blood glucose profile, mild hypertension, donor-recipient age discrepancy, or family history of kidney disease of unknown etiology.
Results In total, 239 respondents from 29 countries (42% were nephrologists and 58% were TS).Most respondents would allow donations from obese donors, especially if they intended to lose weight but would be cautious if these donors had abnormal blood glucose or family history of diabetes mellitus. In hypertensive donors, future pregnancy plans mattered in decisions regarding the acceptance of female donors. Most respondents would allow young donors but would be more cautious if they had a future risk of hypertension or a family history of kidney disease of unknown etiology. They would also allow donations from an older person if prolonged waiting time was anticipated. We found multiple areas of consensus of practice among the diverse members of international transplant societies, with some interesting variations among nephrologists and TS.
Conclusions This survey highlights the practice patterns of the acceptance of MCLKDs among the international community. In the absence of clear guidelines, this survey provides additional information to counsel kidney donors with these conditions.