bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in sentinel nodes exhibit distinct pattern of PD‐1, CD69, and HLA‐DR expression compared to tumor tissue in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Piersiala Krzysztof , Farrajota Neves da Silva Pedro , Hjalmarsson Eric , Kolev Aeneas , Kågedal Åsa , Starkhammar Magnus , Elliot Alexandra , Marklund Linda , Margolin Gregori , Munck‐Wikland Eva , Kumlien Georén Susanna , Cardell Lars‐Olaf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnticancer immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer management, yet the effect of systemic anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) treatment is predominantly studied in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Its impact on PD‐1 expressing cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) is not well understood and yet to be explored. Thus, further research aiming for better understanding of the PD‐1 pathway not only in tumor tissue but also in TDLNs is warranted. In this study, we investigated the expression of PD‐1, CD69, and HLA‐DR on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), TDLNs, and tumor samples from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our data showed that both helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in OSCC tissue were highly activated and expressed high level of PD‐1 (over 70% positivity). Lymphocytes in TDLNs and peripheral blood expressed significantly lower levels of PD‐1 and other activation markers compared to TILs. Moreover, we demonstrated that a significant fraction of PD‐1 negative TILs expressed high levels of human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype and CD69. In contrast, PD‐1 negative cells in TDLNs and PBMCs scarcely expressed the aforementioned activation markers. Furthermore, we proved that patients with a high percentage of CD3+ PD‐1+ cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes had significantly lower disease‐free and overall survival rates (log‐rank test P = .0272 and P = .0276, respectively). Taken together, we proved that flow cytometry of lymph nodes in OSCC is feasible and may be used to investigate whether PD‐1 levels in TDLNs correspond with survival and potentially with response to anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Such knowledge may ultimately help guide anti‐PD‐1 treatment.
Top predator ecology and conservation: Lesson from jaguars in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Cruz Carlos , Zarza Heliot , Vidal‐Mateo Javier , Urios Vicente , Ceballos Gerardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOur research is the most comprehensive study of jaguar behavior ecology in Mexico. By analyzing and describing the movements and use of the space, as well as the interactions among individual jaguars, we can better understand their behavioral differences, habitat use, and home range. This type of information is critical for the development and implementation of effective and appropriate conservation strategies. We identified home range size for 14 jaguars in a 13‐year period and described the interspecific relations and use of space by the percentages of overlap of the territories between individuals. Collectively, the average home range size was larger than 200 km2, ranging from 48 to 633 km2 and averaging 296 km2 for males varied and 37–435 km2, with an average of 148 km2, for females. However, home range sizes did not differ significantly among males or females. Male territory overlapped about 3.3% on average (range 2.5–15.5%), suggesting that most of the time males avoid each other. Average overlap of female territory was 12%, ranging from 7 to 100%. Males share an average of 18% (range 2–56%) of its territory and with up to five females, suggesting that a given male may be related to all of them at certain periods of time. There were no seasonal changes (dry and rainy seasons) in home range sizes for both male and females. Our research is an important contribution to the ecological information essential for landscape‐level conservation plans for the protection of the jaguars and the biological diversity of the wider Yucatan Peninsula in which they inhabit.
Systematic analysis and comparison of commercial seizure‐detection software
Authors: Koren Johannes , Hafner Sebastian , Feigl Moritz , Baumgartner Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if three different commercially available seizure‐detection software packages (Besa 2.0, Encevis 1.7, and Persyst 13) accurately detect seizures with high sensitivity, high specificity, and short detection delay in epilepsy patients undergoing long‐term video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM).MethodsComparison of sensitivity (detection rate), specificity (false alarm rate), and detection delay of three commercially available seizure‐detection software packages in 81 randomly selected patients with epilepsy undergoing long‐term VEM.ResultsDetection rates on a per‐patient basis were not significantly different between Besa (mean 67.6%, range 0–100%), Encevis (77.8%, 0–100%) and Persyst (81%, 0–100%; P = .059). False alarm rate (per hour) was significantly different between Besa (mean 0.7/h, range 0.01–6.2/h), Encevis (0.2/h, 0.01–0.5/h), and Persyst (0.9/h, 0.04–6.5/h; P < .001). Detection delay was significantly different between Besa (mean 30 s, range 0–431 s), Encevis (25 s, 2–163 s), and Persyst (20 s, 0–167 s; P = .007). Kappa statistics showed moderate to substantial agreement between the reference standard and each seizure‐detection software (Besa: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.59; Encevis: 0.59, 95% CI 0.47–0.7; Persyst: 0.63, 95% CI 0.51–0.74).SignificanceThree commercially available seizure‐detection software packages showed similar, reasonable sensitivities on the same data set, but differed in false alarm rates and detection delay. Persyst 13 showed the highest detection rate and false alarm rate with the shortest detection delay, whereas Encevis 1.7 had a slightly lower sensitivity, the lowest false alarm rate, and longer detection delay.
Location choices of undocumented migrants: Does access to higher public education matter?
Authors: Cebula Richard J. , Kapembwa Mpaza , Nair‐Reichert Usha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of differences in state‐level higher education policies on location choices of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. using six years of available data over the period 2000 to 2012. The effect of greater access to higher education on the percentage of undocumented migrants residing in a state is positive, suggesting the existence of a “higher public education magnet” effect. Among states with favorable higher education policies, undocumented migrants prefer those states with larger networks, despite the likelihood of greater competition for admission to public institutions of higher education. However, undocumented migrants are reluctant to locate in states that have both large networks and unfavorable educational policies. This is possibly because the fear of attracting additional restrictive regulations dominates the positive cost‐saving effect of large networks.
Flow theory in the information systems life cycle: The state of the art and future research agenda
Authors: Bölen Mehmet Cem , Calisir Hilal , Özen Üstün 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlow theory has been widely applied to understand user behaviour in the different phases of the information systems life cycle during last two decades. Nevertheless, its application is complicated due to issues and challenges related to the broad nature of information technology and human behaviour. Specifically, there is a lack of consensus on the conceptualization of flow in the IS context, and much uncertainty still exists about the key topics and the relationship between antecedents, dimensions and consequences of flow experience. However, a systematic review of how the flow phenomenon is conceptualized and operationalized within the IS life cycle has not been addressed yet. Therefore, studies based on the flow framework within the IS life cycle have mostly emerged without a research agenda and theoretical guidance. Aiming to fill this gap, this study systematically reviews flow studies related to three main phases of the life cycle of an IS, namely adoption, continuance and discontinuance. A total of 81 peer‐reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2019 were identified for analysis. The findings present a comprehensive view of literature by analysing characteristics of reviewed studies in terms of research methods, research contexts and popular theoretical lenses used with flow theory. Furthermore, the results show antecedents, dimensions and outcomes of flow that have been relatively well or under‐investigated. Finally, based on these findings, research gaps and directions for future research are provided.
Communicating deprescribing decisions made in hospital with general practitioners in the community
Authors: Nguyen Amy D. , Baysari Melissa T. , Duong Mai , Zheng Wu Yi , Ng Brendan , Lo Sarita , Robinson Fiona , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeprescribing, the supervised withdrawal of inappropriate medications, intends to manage polypharmacy, which is prevalent in older patients.AimsTo examine general practitioner (GP) perceptions of communication processes between clinicians in hospital and GP in the community about deprescribing decisions made in hospital.MethodsFocus groups and interviews were held with 15 GP, exploring deprescribing in hospitals, communication of deprescribing information and the format of communications. Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsGP stated that they should be involved in deprescribing decisions, especially for older complex patients, because of their good knowledge of their patients. Barriers to effective communication included the acute nature of hospital stays and lack of time. Facilitators included long‐term relationships of GP with their patients and engaged patients. GP preferred communication of deprescribing decisions to be over the telephone while the patient was still in hospital, and with a concise, electronic discharge summary at the time of discharge. GP indicated that rationale for medication changes and recommended follow‐up actions were crucial in a discharge summary to enable care post‐discharge.ConclusionsGP welcome increased communication with hospital clinicians regarding deprescribing decisions made while patients are in hospital. Communication needs to be timely, transparent, succinct and accessible. Lack of time and difficulties contacting hospital clinicians challenge this process.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activates WNT/β‐catenin signalling in breast cancer cells via epigenetic silencing of DKK1 and DKK3
Authors: Shailesh Harshita , Siveen Kodappully S. , Sif Saïd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity is dysregulated in many aggressive cancers and its enhanced levels are associated with increased tumour growth and survival. However, the role of PRMT5 in breast cancer remains underexplored. In this study, we show that PRMT5 is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, and that it promotes WNT/β‐CATENIN proliferative signalling through epigenetic silencing of pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, leading to enhanced expression of c‐MYC, CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, we found that PRMT5 binds to the promoter region of WNT antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, and induces symmetric methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones. Our findings also show that PRMT5 inhibition using a specific small molecule inhibitor, compound 5 (CMP5), reduces PRMT5 recruitment as well as methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones in the promoter regions of DKK1 and DKK3, which consequently results in reduced expression CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Furthermore, CMP5 treatment either alone or in combination with 5‐Azacytidine and Trichostatin A restored expression of DKK1 and DKK3 in TNBCs. PRMT5 inhibition also altered the growth characteristics of breast cancer cells and induced their death. Collectively, these results show that PRMT5 controls breast cancer cell growth through epigenetic silencing of WNT/β‐CATENIN pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, resulting in up‐regulation of WNT/β‐CATENIN proliferative signalling.
Physical and structural characteristics of starch‐based and conventional cookies: Water sorption, mechanical glass transition, and texture properties of their crust and crumb
Authors: Sogabe Tomochika , Kobayashi Rika , Thanatuksorn Pariya , Suzuki Toru , Kawai Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe physical properties of starch‐based cookie (gluten free and low fat) were compared with those of conventional cookie in consideration for the difference between crust and crumb parts. The internal porosity of the samples was measured by X‐ray computed tomography. The starch‐based cookie had a higher porosity (0.61) than the conventional cookie (0.42). The mechanical glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the samples was evaluated by the thermal rheological analysis. The anhydrous mechanical Tg of the starch‐based cookie was much lower than that of the conventional cookie. The Tg‐depression of the starch‐based cookie induced by water sorption was more gradual than that of the conventional cookie. For both types of cookie, the crust components were more resistant to water plasticizing than crumb components because of the difference of the equilibrium water contents at each water activity. For the texture analysis of crust components, the whole samples were fractured. The starch‐based cookie had a lower fracture force, distance, and energy than the conventional cookie at each water activity point. For the texture analysis of crumb components, a portion of the crust was removed from the whole samples, and the exposed crumb was compressed by a plunger. From the texture profile, a normalized linear length was evaluated. The normalized linear length for the starch‐based cookie was higher than that for the conventional cookie. These results were corresponded to the differences in the undeveloped gluten and fat contents.
Environmental and anthropogenic correlates of seasonal migrations in the Dinaric‐Pindos brown bear population
Authors: De Angelis Daniele , Kusak Josip , Huber Djuro , Reljić Slaven , Gužvica Goran , Ciucci Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeasonal migrations (i.e. seasonal round‐trips between disjunct areas) have been rarely documented for large carnivores. The Dinaric‐Pindos brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is the third largest in Europe, but little information is currently available on individual movement patterns. We studied movement patterns by 12 GPS‐collared adult and subadult bears in Croatia and Bosnia Herzegovina during 2004–2017, including migratory movements by some instrumented bears. To investigate environmental correlates of migrations, we first used the canonical Outlying Mean Index analysis, identifying habitat descriptors of summer and fall ranges, and then applied mixed‐effects logistic regression to quantify variation in habitat use between them. Thirty‐seven per cent 37% of the bears (7 bear‐years) migrated during hyperphagia (i.e. partial migration), and seasonal migration was also facultative, as it occurred only during mast (i.e. beechnut) poor years. Migrating bears entered migration during early fall (median = 25 Sept) and returned to their pre‐migratory ranges after about 7 weeks (median = 18 Nov). Net distances between pre‐migratory (summer) and post‐migratory (fall) averaged (±sd) 26.5 ± 9.7 km, with a maximum distance of 38.8 km, corresponding to actual distances travelled of 61.1 ± 21.5 km. Summer ranges from which bears migrated were best described by proximity to supplemental feeding sites and mixed forests, whereas fall ranges reached by migrants were differentiated by lower elevations, and a higher share of deciduous forest, grasslands, forest edges and shrublands. Relative to pre‐migratory ranges, bears in post‐migratory ones increased their distance to anthropogenic features and showed higher use of cover types expectedly richer in berries and other fleshy fruits. Although we lack any causative evidence, we speculate migration in this bear population is triggered during poor beechnut years by increased social despotic interference at supplemental feeding sites that elicits redistribution of subordinate bears.
Hope: Conceptual and normative issues
Authors: Rioux Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHope is often seen as at once valuable and dangerous: it can fuel our motivation in the face of challenges, but can also distract us from reality and lead us to irrationality. How can we learn to “hope well,” and what does “hoping well” involve? Contemporary philosophers disagree on such normative questions about hope and also on how to define hope as a mental state. This article explores recent philosophical debates surrounding the concept of hope and the norms governing hope. It also underlies hope's significance for the philosophy of emotion and the ethics of interpersonal relations.
Do trait psychological characteristics moderate sympathetic arousal to racial discrimination exposure in a natural setting?
Authors: Jelsma Elizabeth B. , Goosby Bridget J. , Cheadle Jacob E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPersonality and psychological traits are known to influence how individuals react to and cope with stress, and thus, have downstream health and aging consequences. However, research considering psychological health traits as individual‐level difference factors moderating the links been racism‐related stress and health for racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is rare. Using intensive daily diaries and a wearable sensor that continuously recorded sympathetic nervous system arousal in a sample of racial and ethnic minority college students (80% African American, first‐generation Black, or African; 20% Latinx), we linked arousal to racism‐related experiences dynamically throughout the day as participants naturally went about their lives. Findings suggest that multiple traits are associated with increased arousal in real time when interpersonal discrimination is perceived, but that only anger and anxiety also predicted increased arousal during moments of rumination and reflection on race‐related inequities. Vicarious discrimination exposure moments were also linked to suppressed arousal in general, but particularly for more anxious individuals. We use a stress appraisal and coping framework to elucidate the ways in which individual psychological differences may inform physiological responses to race‐related stress. The biopsychosocial pathways by which cognitive appraisal and interpersonal race‐related stress contribute to racial health disparities are also discussed.
The epidemiology of muscle‐strengthening and aerobic physical activity guideline adherence among 24,016 German adults
Authors: Bennie Jason A. , De Cocker Katrien , Tittlbach Susanne 
Published: January 2021

Despite the 2016 German “National Recommendations for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Promotion” stating that adults (≥18 years) should engage in: [a] ≥150 minutes of aerobic moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity/week (MVPA); and [b] ≥2 days/week of muscle‐strengthening exercise (MSE), there is limited research on the descriptive epidemiology on the adherence to these guidelines among German adults. This study describes the prevalence and correlates of physical activity guideline adherence among a nationally representative sample of German adults. Data were drawn from the 2014 German Health Update survey, collected via a combination of web‐based and mail surveys. Self‐reported physical activity levels were assessed using the previously validated European Health Interview Survey Physical Activity Questionnaire. Weighted prevalence levels of the sample meeting the aerobic MVPA (≥150 minutes/week), MSE (≥2 times/week), and combined MVPA‐MSE guidelines were calculated. Poisson regressions were used to assess prevalence ratios for physical activity guideline adherence categories across sociodemographic and lifestyle‐related variables. Out of 24,016 participants (response rate = 27.6%), aged ≥ 18 years, 45.3% (95% CI: 44.5%‐46.0%), 29.4% (95% CI: 28.7%‐30.1%), and 22.6% (95% CI: 21.9%‐23.2%) met the aerobic MVPA, MSE, and combined guidelines, respectively. Population sub‐groups less likely to meet the combined guidelines included those with poor self‐rated health, being unemployed, low socioeconomic status, being a current smoker, and those being overweight or obese. Since ~ 80% of German adults do not meet the nationally recommended combined aerobic MVPA‐MSE physical activity guidelines, there is a necessity for large‐scale public health interventions promoting both aerobic MVPA and MSE.
Control of a Robotic Flexible Endoscope Holder for Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Huang Yang-Cheng , Tsai Chia-Hao , Shih Po-Chih , Chen Ching-Yuan , Ho Ming-Chih , Chen Yung-Yaw , Yen Jia-Yush 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present an integrated robotic arm with a flexible endoscope for laparoscopy. The endoscope holder is built to mimic a human operator that reacts to the surgeon's push while maintaining both the incision opening through the patient's body and the center of the endoscopic image. An impedance control algorithm is used to react to the surgeon's push when the robotic arm gets in the way. A modified software remote center-of-motion (RCM) constraint formulation then enables simultaneous RCM and impedance control. We derived the kinematic relationship between the robotic arm and line of sight of the flexible endoscope for image center control. Using this kinematic model, we integrated the task control for RCM and surgeon cooperation and the endoscope image centering into a semi-autonomous system. Implementation of the control algorithm with both matlab simulation and the HIWIN RA605-710 robotic arm with a MitCorp F500 flexible endoscope demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.